gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Update to Our Reader, Reviewer, and Author Communities—April 2020 (2020)

The research community faces unprecedented disruption from the global COVID-19 pandemic. Some researchers are beginning to return to lab work after a hiatus, but others continue to work as best as they can from home, including ourselves. The global editorial, support, and production staff of ACS journals continue to work as usual, even though most are working from locations that are not their usual work environment.Throughout this period, we seek to assist our authors, reviewers, and readers, despite the exceptional disruption to their normal research workflow. One area of particular concern is that authors may require extra time to prepare revised manuscripts, especially if additional laboratory-based experimental work is required to address specific reviewer or editor concerns. At this time, reviewers may consider limiting their recommendations for additional experimental work, except in those cases where they deem it necessary to support the central claims of the paper and maintain high standards of science/engineering. Please let us know if you require extra time to complete a revision of your manuscript as we are happy to work with you to determine an appropriate course of action. Should authors or reviewers have questions or concerns during this period regarding the need for additional time for a review or revision, please do not hesitate to contact the editorial office responsible for the manuscript and/or the editor-in-chief.ACS Publications has a resource page for readers, authors and reviewers and it can be accessed here.The editors and staff at our journals wish our community the best as it faces multiple challenges arising from the pandemic. Among those most impacted are young scientists and other early career members of the community, and we hope everyone does their best to support one another, especially those most affected by the disruption, and that, globally, we observe a quick resolution to the situation.This joint Editorial was simultaneously published in other American Chemical Society journals.
Multi-fault diagnosis for series-connected lithium-ion battery pack with reconstruction-based contribution based on parallel PCA-KPCA (2022)

Various faults of the lithium-ion battery threaten the safety and performance of the battery system. The early faults are difficult to detect and isolate owing to unobvious abnormality and the nonlinear time-varying characteristics of the battery. Herein, a multi-fault diagnosis strategy is proposed that focuses on detecting and isolating different types of faults, and estimating fault waveforms of the battery, including inconsistency evaluation, virtual connection fault, and external short circuit. First, the principal component analysis (PCA) model of the battery is established and the contribution is employed to detect the abnormity in the battery pack. Once the fault is detected, the parallel kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) technology is adopted to reconstruct the fault waveform of the battery parameters, including ohmic resistance, terminal voltage, and open-circuit voltage. These parameters are jointly taken as fault indexes improving the reliability of fault diagnosis. Finally, the proposed method is verified using amounts of tested data of eight cells in series. The results indicate that the contribution-based PCA method can accurately detect the fault. Furthermore, the reconstruction-based parallel PCA-KPCA can accurately estimate the fault waveform of the faulty battery, which helps investigate the fault degree and causes.
How Does Multiple-Packet Reception Capability Scale the Performance of Wireless Local Area Networks? (2009)

Due to its simplicity and cost efficiency, wireless local area network (WLAN) enjoys unique advantages in providing high-speed and low-cost wireless services in hot spots and indoor environments. Traditional WLAN medium-access-control (MAC) protocols assume that only one station can transmit at a time: simultaneous transmissions of more than one station cause the destruction of all packets involved. By exploiting recent advances in PHY-layer multiuser detection (MUD) techniques, it is possible for a receiver to receive multiple packets simultaneously. This paper argues that such multipacket reception (MPR) capability can greatly enhance the capacity of future WLANs. In addition, the paper provides the MAC-layer and PHY-layer designs needed to achieve the improved capacity. First, to demonstrate MPR as a powerful capacity-enhancement technique, we prove a "superlinearity” result, which states that the system throughput per unit cost increases as the MPR capability increases. Second, we show that the commonly deployed binary exponential backoff (BEB) algorithm in today's WLAN MAC may not be optimal in an MPR system, and the optimal backoff factor increases with the MPR capability, the number of packets that can be received simultaneously. Third, based on the above insights, we design a joint MAC-PHY layer protocol for an IEEE 802.11-like WLAN that incorporates advanced PHY-layer signal processing techniques to implement MPR.
Delineating Structural Defects in Highly Doped n-Type 4H-SiC Substrates Using a Combination of Thermal Diffusion and Molten KOH Etching (2004)

Delineation of structural defects by molten KOH etching is not satisfactory for highly doped n-type Si-face SiC substrates. This difficulty was overcome by converting the substrates to p-type via diffusion of boron, followed by molten KOH etching. Three kinds of typical etch pits were clearly distinguished, corresponding to elementary screw, threading edge, and basal plane dislocations. Comparison of molten KOH etching effects on 4H-SiC samples of different types indicates that molten KOH etching is a combination of chemical and electrochemical processes, during which the preferential and isotropic etchings are competitive, depending on the SiC conductivity type and doping concentration. © 2004 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Assessing the impact of hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) on responses to hepatitis B vaccine during co-administration (2022)

Administration of HepB with HBIG resulted in reduced responses to HepB following the first 2 doses, regardless of site, compared to mice that received HepB only. Lower levels of antibody to HBV surface antigen (anti-HBs) were observed at the end of the 3-dose series (p < 0.0001) in all groups of newborn mice that received HepB and HBIG. In adult mice, this difference was only seen when HepB and HBIG were delivered at the same site. However, following a HepB booster at 26 weeks, HBsAg-specific B-cell expansion and memory phenotype were not impacted by initial HBIG administration CONCLUSION: Administration of HBIG with HepB can delay and reduce responses to HepB in mice. Our findings suggest that the initial circulating levels of HBIG could prevent infection despite an impaired response to vaccine and support the current recommendation of assessing seroprotection after series completion for infants born to HBV carrier mothers, including in cases where vaccine and HBIG are administered incorrectly at the same site.
Lanthanum modified Fe-ZSM-5 zeolites for selective methane oxidation with H2O2 (2021)

Lanthanum modified Fe-ZSM-5 catalyst can both increase selective methane oxidation performance and decrease H 2 O 2 consumption.
A study of crystalline transitions in a thermoplastic polyimide (1992)

Abstract A new polyimide derived from 4,4′‐isophthaloyldiphthalic anhydride (IDPA) and 1,3‐ bis (4‐aminophenoxy‐4′‐benzoyl)benzene (1,3‐BABB) having semicrystalline behavior was prepared at NASA Langley Research Center in 1987. The crystalline transitions of this thermoplastic polyimide have been studied. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) pattern of partially imidized film exhibited two distinct crystalline melt endotherms. For this study each crystalline phase was isolated and enhanced by controlled thermal treatment. A film containing approximately 50% of both phases and an amorphous film were also prepared. Evaluations of these films were performed by DSC, wide‐angle x‐ray scattering (WAXS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Three distinct crystalline morphologies; ellipsoid, cubic, and needlelike embedded in an amorphous matrix were observed as a function of various cure conditions by SEM.
Incidence and predictors of priapism events in sickle cell anemia: a diary-based analysis (2022)

Abstract We conducted one of the first prospective studies to test the hypothesis that the clinical history of priapism underestimates priapism incidence compared with a priapism pain diary. Eligibility criteria were men with sickle cell anemia (SCA) between 18 and 40 years of age who have had at least 3 episodes of priapism in the past 12 months. Seventy-one men with SCA completed the diary for at least 3 months. The first 3 months of the priapism diary were included in the analysis. A total of 298 priapism episodes were recorded, and 80% (57 of 71) of the participants had at least 1 priapism event. Priapism severity was reported in the range of moderate to the worst imaginable pain in 81.5% (263 of 298), and a total 57 participants (80%) had a median pain rating of 6 (interquartile range: 5-8) on a scale from 1 to 10. The monthly incidence rate of priapism per participant based on history versus self-report pain diary was 2.0 (95% confidence interval, 1.9-2.1) and 1.4 (95% confidence interval, 1.2-1.6), respectively (P &amp;lt; .001). For participants that had a prior priapism episode, 80% had another episode during the 3-month interval follow-up. The median time to that second episode was 27.5 days. Major priapism occurred in 9.9% of episodes and was associated with the sum of all prospective priapism events. Men with SCA and at least 3 priapism episodes in the past 12 months are at significant risk for recurrent priapism in the following 3 months.
Performance Analysis of Frequency Domain IM Schemes under CFO and IQ Imbalance (2019)

Next generation of mobile networks is the key area of research with increasing demand for new applications and use cases. In order to satisfy the applications with high data rate, high reliability, and low latency, multicarrier transmission through index modulation (IM) has been considered as a promising candidate owing to its flexible structures. In general, existing IM schemes are only evaluated for ideal communication scenarios. In this work, error performance of three frequency domain IM schemes are investigated and compared in the presence of carrier frequency offset (CFO) and in-phase/quadrature (IQ) imbalance. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing with IM (OFDM-IM), OFDM with generalized IM (OFDM-GIM), and OFDM with subcarrier number modulation (OFDM-SNM) are assessed. It is shown via computer based simulations that although OFDM-GIM and OFDM-SNM provide higher spectral efficiency compared with OFDM-IM, they are more sensitive against RF impairments. Among them, OFDM-IM provides the best error performance under CFO and IQ imbalance.
Electrospun vascular scaffolds as a bypass graft: A feasibility study in vivo (2009)

Tillman, Bryan W. MD, PhD; Aboushwareb, Tamer A. MD; Yazdani, Saami K. PhD; Lee, Sang Jin PhD; Geary, Randolph L. MD; Atala, Anthony MD, FACS; Yoo, James J. MD, PhD Author Information
Color Ratios and Chromatic Adaptation (2002)

In this paper, the performance of chromatic adaptation transforms based on stable color ratios is investigated. It was found that for three different sets of reflectance data, their performance was not statistically different from CMCCAT2000, when applying the chromatic adaptation transforms to Lam's corresponding color data set and using a perceptual error metric of CIE &#x394;E94. The sensors with the best color ratio stability are much sharper and more de-correlated than the CMCCAT2000 sensors, corresponding better to sensor responses found in other psychovisual studies. The new sensors also closely match those used by the sharp adaptation transform.
Appearance of enhanced tissue features in narrow-band endoscopic imaging (2004)

This study was performed to examine the usefulness of medical endoscopic imaging utilizing narrow-band illumination. The contrast between the vascular pattern and the adjacent mucosa of the underside of the human tongue was measured using five narrow-band illuminations and three broadband illuminations. The results demonstrate that the pathological features of a vascular pattern are dependent on the center wavelength and the bandwidth of illumination. By utilizing narrow-band illumination of 415+/-30 nm, the contrast of the capillary pattern in the superficial layer was markedly improved. This is an important benefit that is difficult to obtain with ordinary broadband illumination. The appearances of capillary patterns on color images were evaluated for three sets of filters. The narrow, band imaging (NBI) filter set (415+/-30 nm, 445+/-30 nm, 500+/-30 nm) was selected to achieve the preferred appearance of the vascular patterns for clinical tests. The results of clinical tests in colonoscopy and esophagoscopy indicated that NBI will be useful as a supporting method for observation of the endoscopic findings of early cancer.
Transient Ischemic Attack and Acute Ischemic Stroke (2010)

Patients with TIA and acute stroke may share similar risk factors or pathogenic mechanisms.
Dispersion Stability of Fluorinated Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in FC-27 Refrigerant (2011)

Abstract In order to achieve the dispersion stability of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) in a fluorinated refrigerant (FC-72) used in various cooling purposes, fluorinated MWCNT (MWCNT-F) was prepared by a combined process of oxidation and fluorination. As a fluorine source, (tridecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrooctyl)trichlorosilane was used to react with hydroxyl groups on MWCNT (MWCNT-OH) generated by chemical oxidation. Pristine MWCNT, MWCNT-OH, and MWCNT-F were dispersed in FC-72 and MWCNT-F was also dispersed in polar and nonpolar solvents. The MWCNT-F has excellent colloidal stability in FC-72 because of the chemical affinity between FC-72 and functional groups (-CFn) on the side walls of MWCNT. Through surface modifications, we could obtain the enhanced dispersion stability of MWCNT in a refrigerant. This homogenous MWCNT solution in FC-72 may be used to increase the heat transfer in FC-72 based nanofluids. Keywords: Dispersion stabilityfluorinationmulti-walled carbon nanotuberefrigerantsurface modification Acknowledgments This work was supported by the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (grant no. R01-2007-000-20055-0).
Association of degradation and secretion of three chimeric polypeptides in Escherichia coli (1988)

We investigated the stability of fusion proteins composed of the signal peptide of the heat-labile enterotoxin of Escherichia coli and three polypeptides: the bacterial cytoplasmic chloramphenicol acetyltransferase, the mouse dihydrofolate reductase, and human immune interferon. We demonstrate that these proteins are rapidly degraded as a result of being targeted to the secretion apparatus of E. coli, with the extent of degradation varying among the three fusion proteins. Four lines of experimental evidence are presented in support of this suggestion. First, the chimeric polypeptides containing a functional signal peptide were detected in low amounts in vivo. When a mutation was introduced in the signal peptide, resulting in lack of recognition by the secretion apparatus, the chimeric proteins accumulated at high levels in the cytoplasm of the cell. Second, both the wild-type and mutant polypeptides accumulated in a purified and reconstituted in vitro translation system from E. coli and were equally susceptible to digestion by an exogenous protease. Third, the chimeric polypeptides lacking the signal peptide accumulated in a stable form in vivo. Fourth, the precursors of the proteins containing a functional signal peptide accumulated in a secA ts mutant at the restrictive temperature when secretion was blocked, suggesting that degradation is tightly linked to the secretion apparatus.
Control of interface anisotropy for spin transfer torque in perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions for cryogenic temperature operation (2023)

The possibility of higher electrical efficiency in computing by operating at low temperatures raises the need for non-volatile memory cells optimized for cryogenic operation. We report a study on low temperature spin transfer torque switching of magnetic tunnel junctions with 20 to 100 nm in diameter with thermal stability adapted to low temperature operation. The evolution of magnetic and electrical properties are characterized for four different stacks from 300 to 10 K comprising insertions of Mg, Ru and permalloy (Py) in the storage layer to reduce its effective anisotropy. Two figures of merit are used to compare different devices and stacks, Δ/Ic and Δ/Esw, normalizing the thermal stability Δ by the critical current or switching energy. Devices with a Py insertion layer show a higher FOM (3.78 kBTop/μA) and switching energy Esw below 655 fJ for 100 ns pulses at Top = 10 K. A procedure to optimize the reference layer stray field was also implemented to achieve full compensation using a synthetic antiferromagnetic layer for 20 nm diameter devices.
2,5-Anhydro-N-benzyl-2-C-methyl-D-arabinonamide [(2S,3R,4R)-N-benzyl-3,4-dihydroxy-2-methyltetrahydrofuran-2-carboxamide] (2007)

The size of the ring and relative configuration of the chiral centres in the title compound, C13H17NO4, formed by the preferential formation of the hindered five-membered ring tetra­hydro­furan rather than the expected three-membered ring epoxide, was established by X-ray crystallographic analysis; the absolute configuration was determined by the use of 2-C-methyl-d-arabinono-lactone as the starting material. The crystal structure consists of hydrogen-bonded layers lying with their hydro­phobic surfaces in contact.
Modern approaches to augmented reality (2005)

This tutorial discusses the Spatial Augmented Reality (SAR) concept, its advantages and limitations. It will present examples of state-of-the-art display configurations, appropriate real-time rendering techniques, details about hardware and software implementations, and current areas of application. Specifically, it will describe techniques for optical combination using single/multiple spatially aligned mirror-beam splitters, image sources, transparent screens and optical holograms. Furthermore, it presents techniques for projector-based augmentation of geometrically complex and textured display surfaces, and (along with optical combination) methods for achieving consistent illumination and occlusion effects. Emerging technologies that have the potential of enhancing future augmented reality displays will be surveyed.
Interview. Pourquoi y a-t-il 577 circonscriptions ? (2017)

Dimanche, 577 circonscriptions voteront pour élire 577 députés. Ce chiffre n’a pas été choisi au hasard, ou parce qu’il correspondrait au nombre de sièges installés dans l’hémicycle. Il est le résultat de critères bien précis, et, au passage, de quelques opérations politiciennes.
Understanding Capacitance Variation in Sub-nanometer Pores by in Situ Tuning of Interlayer Constrictions (2015)

The contribution of subnanometer pores in carbon electrodes to the charge-storage mechanism in supercapacitors has been the subject of intense debate for over a decade. Here, we provide a model system based on graphene oxide, which employs interlayer constrictions as a model for pore sizes that can be both controllably tuned and studied in situ during supercapacitor device use. Correlating electrochemical performance and in situ tuning of interlayer constrictions, we observe a peak in specific capacitance when interlayer constriction size reaches the diameters of unsolvated ions, supporting the hypothesized link between loss of ion solvation shell and anomalous capacitance increase for subnanometer pores.
Homochiral α-fluoroketones from racemic α-fluorocarboxylic esters and enantiomerically pure sulphoxides (1988)

The α-fluoroalkyl ketones (3–7) carrying an alkyl, alkenyl, hydroxymethyl, or formyl residue were obtained in enantiomerically pure form by removing, by various methods, the auxiliary sulphinyl group from the α-fluoro α′-sulphinyl ketones (1) and (2) derived from chiral sulphoxides and commercially available α-fluorocarboxylic acids.
Substituent Effects on the Electrochemical Properties of Pyrroles and Small Oligopyrroles (1997)

The electrochemical oxidation of several oligopyrroles, either unprotected, partially blocked, or totally blocked on their α-terminal positions or N-substituted, has been investigated in acetonitrile by cyclic voltammetry. For all the studied oligopyrroles, reversible voltammograms have been obtained at moderate to high scan rates, whereas chemical evolutions of the cation radicals have been observed at lower scan rates. The one-electron redox potentials, E°, of the oligopyrrole/oligopyrrole cation-radical couples have been measured and the lifetimes of the cation radicals have been estimated. The stabilities of the cation radicals have been examined as a function of the chain length and the nature of the substituent.
Influence of Asymmetric Oxide Electrode Structures on the Interface Capacity and the Failure Mechanisms in PZT Thin Films (2003)

The influence of symmetric and asymmetric electrodes including SRO and IrO2 within the electrode structure on the imprint and fatigue behavior in sputtered and CSD derived PbZrxTi1 − xO2 (PZT) thin films is investigated. It is found that SRO buffer layers are needed within top and bottom electrode to improve the fatigue behavior. However, for improvement of the imprint behavior, only one SRO buffer layer within either top or bottom electrode is sufficient, whereas IrO2 reveals no improvement of the imprint behavior. Furthermore the direction dependence of the imprint behavior is examined. To examine the influence of the interface capacity on the fatigue mechanism in more detail, the capacity is measured for different PZT film thicknesses during fatigue treatment. It is shown that there is hardly any difference in interface capacity during fatigue.
Infrared chirped parametric amplification with self-stabilized carrier-envelope phase (2005)

Broadband infrared optical parametric chirped pulse amplifier with self-stabilization of the carrier-envelope phase is demonstrated. The amplified pulse energy is 80 µJ. Our result holds promise for designing an optimized driver source for high harmonic generation.
Single Molecule Protein Detection with Attomolar Sensitivity Using Droplet Digital Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (2020)

Many proteins are present at low concentrations in biological samples, and therefore, techniques for ultrasensitive protein detection are necessary. To overcome challenges with sensitivity, the digital enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed, which is 1000× more sensitive than conventional ELISA and allows sub-femtomolar protein detection. However, this sensitivity is still not sufficient to measure many proteins in various biological samples, thereby limiting our ability to detect and discover biomarkers. To overcome this limitation, we developed droplet digital ELISA (ddELISA), a simple approach for detecting low protein levels using digital ELISA and droplet microfluidics. ddELISA achieves maximal sensitivity by improving the sampling efficiency and counting more target molecules. ddELISA can detect proteins in the low attomolar range and is up to 25-fold more sensitive than digital ELISA using Single Molecule Arrays (Simoa), the current gold standard tool for ultrasensitive protein detection. Using ddELISA, we measured the LINE1/ORF1 protein, a potential cancer biomarker that has not been previously measured in serum. Additionally, due to the simplicity of our device design, ddELISA is promising for point-of-care applications. Thus, ddELISA will facilitate the discovery of biomarkers that have never been measured before for various clinical applications.