gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mollisianitrile, a New Antibiotic from Mollisia sp. A59-96 (2007)

Mollisianitrile (1), a new antibiotic was isolated from the fermentation broth of Mollisa sp. A59-96 together with the two known isocoumarins 2 and 3. 1 exhibited antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and phytotoxic activities. 1 contains a reactive propiolonitrile moiety which is believed to be responsible for its antibiotic activities. Upon incubation with L-cysteine the biological activity was lost.
A Unified Video Processing Technique for Stabilization and Super-Resolution Zooming (2009)

Large magnification zooming — one of the most important functions in state-of-the-art video cameras — is achieved with a combination of optical-lens and digital zooming. If the magnification ratio is too large, however, optical stabilization mechanisms cannot completely remove unwanted vibrations in a video sequence induced by camera motion. In addition, the zoomed video suffers from blur when simple frame magnification is used for digital zooming. We have developed a novel technique for video stabilization that works in conjunction with super-resolution zooming. The advantage of the proposed technique is that both the stabilization and the super-resolution zooming are performed concurrently in a unified framework. With this framework, the local motions need to be estimated only once for both the stabilization and the zooming. Testing demonstrated that use of the proposed technique results in stable zooming with video resolution much higher than with conventional digital zooming.
Characteristics and process controls of statistical flood moments in Europe - a data-based analysis (2022)

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Recent studies have sought to characterize variations of the annual maximum flood discharge series over time and across space in Europe. To further support these studies, we conduct a pan-European assessment of process controls on key statistical properties of these series, including the mean annual flood (MAF), coefficient of variation (CV) and skewness (CS) of flood discharges. We analyse annual maximum flood discharge series from 2370 catchments in Europe without strong human modifications covering the period 1960-2010. We explore how the estimated moments MAF, CV and CS vary due to catchment size, climate and other controls across Europe.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;The process controls on the flood moments are identified through correlation and multiple linear regression analyses and the interpretation is aided by a seasonality analysis. Precipitation-related covariates are found to be the main controls of the spatial patterns of MAF in most of Europe except for regions in which snowmelt contributes to MAF, where air temperature is more important. The Aridity Index is, by far, the most important control on the spatial pattern of CV in all of Europe. Overall, the findings suggest that, at the continental scale, climate variables dominate over land surface characteristics, such as land use and soil type, in controlling the spatial patterns of flood moments.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Finally, to provide a performance baseline for more local studies, we assess the estimation accuracy of regional multiple linear regression models for estimating flood moments in ungauged basins.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;
Minimum electric‐field gradient coil design: Theoretical limits and practical guidelines (2021)

We introduce a generalized method for minimum E-field gradient design and define the theoretical limits of magnetic energy and peak E-field for gradient coils of arbitrary cylindrical geometry.
Monitoring Patients in the Wild (2017)

This demo will show an abridged version of aresearch prototype for remotely monitoring the physiologicalstatus of patients in the wild. In the demo, we will show real timemeasurement of pulse and breathing rates of multiple subjectsin an uncontrolled setting. The applications of this system arewide, a typical example being the monitoring of patients in thewaiting room of a hospital’s emergency department
Mixtures of Nonionic Surfactants Made from Renewable Resources with Alkyl Sulfates: Comparison of Headgroups (2010)

Abstract Mixtures of alkyl N‐ methyl glucamines with linear alkyl sulfates and alkyl glucopyranosides (glycosides) with linear alkyl sulfates were investigated. Six different nonionic‐anionic pairings chosen based on similar critical micelle concentration (CMC) in order to ensure that the best synergy is observed. Solutions at various concentrations and mixture ratios were tested and evaluated to determine CMC, surface tension at the CMC, surface tension reduction efficiency, and emulsification of decane. The results were evaluated and show synergism in both the alkyl sulfate/alkyl methyl glucamine as well as the alkyl sulfate/alkyl glycoside systems. A much greater interaction was seen between the sulfate headgroup and the methyl glucamine headgroup. The difference between the efficiency of interaction was attributed to the more flexible nature of the glucamine headgroup relative to that of the glycoside headgroup.
Distinguishing Amorphous and Crystalline Ice by Ultralow Energy Collisions of Reactive Ions (2013)

Ion scattering using ultralow energy projectiles is considered to be a unique method to probe the nature of molecular surfaces because of its capacity to probe the very top, atomically thin layers. Here, we examine one of the most studied molecular solids, water-ice, using this technique. When ice surface undergoes the amorphous to crystalline transition, an ultralow energy reactive projectile identifies the change through the reaction product formed. It is shown that ultralow energy (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 eV) CH2+ (or CD2+) collision on amorphous D2O (or H2O) ice makes CHD+, while crystalline ice does not. The projectile undergoes H/D exchange with the dangling −OD (−OH) bond present on amorphous ice surfaces. It is also shown that H/D exchange product disappears when amorphous ice is annealed to the crystalline phase. The H/D exchange reaction is shown to be sensitive only to the surface layers of ice as it disappears when the surface is covered with long chain alcohols like 1-pentanol as the ice surfaces become inaccessible for the incoming projectile. This article shows that ultralow energy reactive ion collision is a novel method to distinguish phase transitions in molecular solids.
Absolute Stereochemistry of Fungal Beauveriolide III and ACAT Inhibitory Activity of Four Stereoisomers. (2006)

Fungal beauveriolide III (BeauIII, &lt;b&gt;1b&lt;/b&gt;), a cyclodepsipeptide inhibiting acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase\n(ACAT) and showing antiatherogenic activity in mouse models, consists of l-Phe, l-Ala, d-&lt;i&gt;allo&lt;/i&gt;-Ile, and\n3-hydroxy-4-methyloctanoic acid (HMA) moieties, but the stereochemistry of the HMA part has not\nuntil now been fully defined. To determine it, four HMA stereoisomers were synthesized and labeled\nwith (&lt;i&gt;S&lt;/i&gt;)-(+)-2-(anthracene-2,3-dicarboximido)-1-propyl trifluoromethane sulfonate (AP-OTf), a chiral\nfluorescent reagent. The derivatives were separated by HPLC and compared with the natural HMA\nderivative, which was thereby identified as (3&lt;i&gt;S&lt;/i&gt;,4&lt;i&gt;S&lt;/i&gt;)HMA in BeauIII. Furthermore, the four beauveriolide\nIII isomers ((3&lt;i&gt;S&lt;/i&gt;,4&lt;i&gt;S&lt;/i&gt;)BeauIII (&lt;b&gt;23a&lt;/b&gt;), (3&lt;i&gt;R&lt;/i&gt;,4&lt;i&gt;R&lt;/i&gt;)BeauIII (&lt;b&gt;23b&lt;/b&gt;), (3&lt;i&gt;R&lt;/i&gt;,4&lt;i&gt;S&lt;/i&gt;)BeauIII (&lt;b&gt;23c&lt;/b&gt;), and (3&lt;i&gt;S&lt;/i&gt;,4&lt;i&gt;R&lt;/i&gt;)BeauIII (&lt;b&gt;23d))&lt;/b&gt;\nwere synthesized, and it was shown that all the spectral data for &lt;b&gt;23a&lt;/b&gt; were identical with those for natural\n&lt;b&gt;1b&lt;/b&gt;. Isomers &lt;b&gt;23a&lt;/b&gt; and &lt;b&gt;23d&lt;/b&gt; showed potent inhibitory activity of lipid droplet accumulation in macrophages,\nwhile the other two isomers caused weak inhibition. Thus, the 3&lt;i&gt;S&lt;/i&gt; configuration of BeauIII is important\nfor this activity. Furthermore, &lt;b&gt;23a&lt;/b&gt; and &lt;b&gt;23d&lt;/b&gt; showed rather specific inhibition against the ACAT1 isozyme.
Developments in French Politics 5 (2013)

Developments in French Politics 5 provides a systematic assessment of French politics following the 2012 presidential and parliamentary elections. Bringing together an entirely new set of specially-commissioned chapters, its central theme is whether the discourse of reform - initiated by Sarkozy - has been translated into tangible change. (Publisher's abstract)
A CMOS smart temperature sensor with a batch-calibrated inaccuracy of &#x00B1;0.25&#x00B0;C (3&#x03C3;) from &#x2212;70&#x00B0;C to 130&#x00B0;C (2009)

A major contributor to the total cost of precision CMOS temperature sensors is the cost of trimming and calibration. Significant cost savings can be obtained by batch calibration, but this is usually at the expense of an equally significant loss of accuracy. This paper presents a CMOS temperature sensor with a batch-calibrated inaccuracy of plusmn0.25degC (3sigma) from -70degCto 130degC, which represents a 2times improvement over the state of the art. As in, individual trimming reduces the sensor's inaccuracy to plusmn0.1degC (3sigma) over the military range: -55degC to 125degC. The sensor draws 25muA from a 2.5V to 5.5V supply, which is significantly less than commercial products with comparable accuracy,and 3times less than the sensor reported in .
Low frequency Raman gain measurements using chirped pulses (1997)

Two-beam coupling, attributed to Raman gain, is observed in dielectrics using chirped femtosecond pulses. A time resolved pump-probe geometry is used to vary the frequency difference between pulses in the terahertz frequency band. Stimulated Raman scattering couples the pulses transferring energy from the higher to the lower frequency beam, resulting in a dispersion shaped curve as a function of the temporal delay, dependent on the product of the pump and probe irradiances. The observed signal gives the Raman gain in SiO2 and PbF2 for detunings up to 10 THz (approximately 300 cm -1 ) using mm-thick samples. This method may also be sensitive to the electronic motion responsible for bound-electronic nonlinear refractive index, which could yield the optical response time of bound electrons.
Double-clad fiber-based handheld confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope using a novel hybrid spiral scan pattern (2022)

We present a portable confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope (cSLO) for high-resolution, widefield retinal imaging that uses a low-backreflection double-clad fiber for both illumination and collection to maintain robust alignment of confocal pinholes in a handheld form factor. The cSLO uses a new type of "hybrid spiral" scan pattern that is a hybridization of a constant angular velocity spiral with a constant linear velocity spiral. The hybrid spiral offers efficiency advantages over traditional raster scan patterns while serving as a natural fixation target. Feasibility of the system is demonstrated by imaging a human volunteer.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Alkynylation of Chiral Benzaldehyde Chromium Tricarbonyl Complexes. Synthesis of Optically Active Alkynyl Alcohols. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Development and Performance Analysis of Bicycle Collision Avoidance (BCA) Algorithms by Using PreScan and MATLAB (2015)

In this paper, we propose bicycle collision avoidance (BCA) algorithms and analyze their performance. As typical type accidents related with bicycles, we consider both intersection collision and rear crash. Then, the rear crash avoidance (RCA) algorithm and the intersection collision avoidance (ICA) algorithm are respectively developed by utilizing 'PreScan' and 'MATLAB'. The derived analytical approach can explain the condition and effect of bicycle collisions. Furthermore, proposed algorithms are verified from simulations. Consequently, the BCA developing methodology is confirmed to be used as a general solution tool to reduce the cost and the time consumption required for commercialization of safety services under IEEE 802.11p/WAVE wireless networks.
Microwave-assisted synthesis of channel-containing polymeric materials (2005)

Abstract Iron shows fast heat development under microwave (MW) irradiation. This property was used to start polymerization reactions on the surface of iron fibres. MW irradiation of metal fibres, which are located in a monomer solution consisting of methyl methacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, N , N’ -azoisobutyronitrile and toluene led to the formation of polymer on the metal fibre surface. After dissolving the covered iron component in hydrochloric acid, a channelcontaining polymeric material was obtained. Scanning electron microscopy showed a smooth material with rough inner channels. These internal surface structures were caused by the rough surface of the metal fibres.
The Effects of Self-Focusing on Laser-Induced Breakdown (1985)

The polarization dependence of laser-induced breakdown and beam distortions in the transmitted time integrated spatial profile were used to determine the effects of self focusing on picosecond breakdown threshold measurements in fused silica and NaCl. The results at 1.06 and 0.53 μm laser wavelength indicate that, for focused geometries, no significant self-focusing occurs in these materials until the beam power approaches P2, the second critical power for self-focusing.
Evaluating the Use of Tribocharging in the Electrostatic Beneficiation of Lunar Simulant (2007)

Electrostatic beneficiation of lunar regolith is a method allowing refinement of specific minerals in the material for processing on the moon. The use of tribocharging the regolith prior to separation was investigated on the lunar simulant MLS-1 by passing the dust through static mixers constructed from different materials; aluminum, copper, stainless steel, and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). The amount of charge acquired by the simulant was dependant upon the difference in the work function of the dust and the charging material. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) was used to characterize the simulant after it was sieved into five size fractions (> 100 uμm, 75-100 uμm, 50-75 uμm, 50-25 uμm, and < 25 uμm), where very little difference in surface composition was observed between the sizes. Samples of the smallest (< 25 uμm) and largest (> 100 uμm) size fractions were beneficiated through a charge separator using the aluminum (charged the simulant negatively) and PTFE (charged positively) mixers. The mass fractions of the separated simulant revealed that for the larger particle size, significant unipolar charging was observed for both mixers, whereas for the smaller particle sizes, more bipolar charging was observed, probably due to the finer simulant adhering to the inside of the mixers shielding the dust from the charging material. Subsequent XPS analysis of the beneficiated fractions showed the larger particle size fraction having some species differentiation, but very little difference for the smaller size. Although MLS-1 was made to have similar chemistry to actual lunar dust, its mineralogy is quite different. On-going experiments are using NASA JSC-1 lunar simulant. A vacuum chamber has been constructed, and future experiments are planned in a simulated lunar environment.
Internal Stress Distribution Estimation in Liquid-Encapsulated Czochralski Grown GaAs Single Crystals Using Measured Temperature on Dummy Crystals (1993)

The surface temperature on BN dummy crystals was measured under the same conditions as those for the actual liquid-encapsulated Czochralski (LEC) growth of GaAs single crystal. The solid-liquid interface shapes in the computation models were determined by the striations in the GaAs single crystal. Temperature and stress distributions inside the crystals were analyzed by the finite element method (FEM) using these data as the boundary conditions. By comparing the temperature distribution and the stress distribution, we have concluded that the reason for the high dislocation density in the crystal periphery is different from that in the center region, i.e., a kink in the axial temperature gradient versus the nature of the radial temperature gradient (solid-liquid interface shape is not flat), respectively.
A Novel Rhodamine−Riboflavin Conjugate Probe Exhibits Distinct Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer that Enables Riboflavin Trafficking and Subcellular Localization Studies (2004)

Riboflavin (vitamin B2, RF) is taken up in eukaryotic cells via specialized transport mechanisms. Although RF has fluorescence properties, direct microscopic visualization of RF uptake and trafficking has been complicated by cellular autofluorescence. We describe the synthesis, cellular uptake characteristics, and spectroscopic properties of a novel rhodamine-riboflavin conjugate (RD-RF), including absorption and emission spectra, two-photon excitation spectra, and fluorescence pH dependence. The conjugate has a molar extinction coefficient of 23 670 M(-1) cm(-1) at 545 nm (excitation wavelength) with a fluorescence quantum yield of 0.94. This compound exhibits intramolecular fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). Selective quenching of the FRET signal is observed when RD-RF is bound with high affinity by the chicken riboflavin carrier protein. In addition to the typical rhodamine excitation and emission, FRET provides a secondary signal for conjugate localization and an in situ mechanism for observing riboflavin binding. Solution and in vitro stability determinations indicate that the linkage between riboflavin and rhodamine is stable for the duration of typical pulse--chase and cellular trafficking experiments. The distinct spectroscopic properties of RD-RF together with a comparable affinity for RF-binding proteins render it an excellent tool for the study of RF transport and trafficking in living cells.
Photothermoelastic transfer matrix (1994)

The photothermoelastic transfer matrix method introduced here was demonstrated to be generally applicable for the calculation of the thermoelastic response of multilayered samples exposed to modulated laser heating. The method enables the modelization of photothermal measurements of samples having arbitrary number of layers and values of optical, thermal, and elastic parameters. To demonstrate its feasibility, a general expression for photopyroelectric signals is being presented.
Channel-Level Variable Quantization Network for Deep Image Compression (2020)

Deep image compression systems mainly contain four components: encoder, quantizer, entropy model, and decoder. To optimize these four components, a joint rate-distortion framework was proposed, and many deep neural network-based methods achieved great success in image compression. However, almost all convolutional neural network-based methods treat channel-wise feature maps equally, reducing the flexibility in handling different types of information. In this paper, we propose a channel-level variable quantization network to dynamically allocate more bitrates for significant channels and withdraw bitrates for negligible channels. Specifically, we propose a variable quantization controller. It consists of two key components: the channel importance module, which can dynamically learn the importance of channels during training, and the splitting-merging module, which can allocate different bitrates for different channels. We also formulate the quantizer into a Gaussian mixture model manner. Quantitative and qualitative experiments verify the effectiveness of the proposed model and demonstrate that our method achieves superior performance and can produce much better visual reconstructions.
Using Lagrangian particles to efficiently describe microstructure evolution in metal forming—application to texture-induced mechanical anisotropy (2007)

The paper proposes an original use of the Lagrangian particles concept for finite element computation of microstructure evolution in metal forming. The method amounts to distributing incomplete representations of the microstructure among the integration points of the mesh while a complete microstructure is associated with each Lagrangian particle. This decreases the computation time and enables the transport of microstructural variables when remeshing. While the method is presented for any kind of discretized microstructure, it is applied here to the prediction of mechanical anisotropy induced by crystallographic texture. In this specific case, the numerical predictions are validated against experiment by considering compression of a textured aluminium alloy (AA7175). The model accuracy is assessed with respect to both mechanical anisotropy and texture evolution. Â© 2007 IOP Publishing Ltd.
Crystal Structures of Tetrakis(4,4‘-(2,2-diphenylvinyl)-1,1‘-biphenyl)methane:  Transmission Electron Microscopy and X-ray Diffraction (2001)

The crystal structures of tiny crystallites (micron to submicron in size) of tetrakis(4,4‘-(2,2-diphenylvinyl)-1,1‘-biphenyl)methane (C(DPVBi)4) have been investigated by using a combination of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray powder diffraction techniques. The crystal structure of as-synthesized C(DPVBi)4 is hexagonal. The lattice parameters are a = 2.068 nm and c = 2.194 nm with possible space group P6̄. After C(DPVBi)4 was annealed up to 280 °C, the crystal structure converted to a different hexagonal structure with lattice parameters: a = 2.102 nm and c = 3.370 nm. The possible space group is P6/m. The two hexagonal structures correspond to different packing of the individual molecules, which may result in different bulk optical and electronic properties.
Effect of antiplatelet antibody on platelet shape change, volume, and morphology (1983)

We extended our studies of the effect of antibody on human platelets. Monomeric immunoglobulin G (IgG) (rabbit) antiplatelet antibody was interacted with human platelets in the absence of complement and the early morphological changes monitored. Platelet shape change, assessed by a rheooptical approach, was noted within 20 s and was proportional to antibody concentration. Antiplatelet antibody-induced shape change was also accompanied by a change in apparent platelet volume, as measured in the resistive particle counter. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy confirmed a disk-to-sphere transformation associated with the formation of bulbous, short surface projections or pseudopodia. In contrast, ADP-induced disk-to-sphere transformation was associated with the development of long, thin filopodia emanating from the platelet. These specific effects of antiplatelet antibody may result in altered platelet function.
Soluble state high resolution atomic force microscopy study of Alzheimer’s β-amyloid oligomers (2009)

We report here the direct observation of high resolution structures of assemblies of Alzheimer beta-amyloid oligomers and monomers using liquid atomic force microscopy (AFM). Visualization of nanoscale features of Abeta oligomers (also known as ADDLs) was carried out in tapping mode AFM in F12 solution. Our results indicate that ADDL preparations exist in solution primarily as a mixture of monomeric peptides and higher molecular mass oligomers. Our study clearly reveals that the size and shape of these oligomer aggregates exhibit a pronounced dependence on concentration. These studies show that wet AFM enables direct assessment of oligomers in physiological fluids and suggests that this method may be developed to visualize Abeta oligomers from human fluids.
Commande et gestion d’énergie d’un réseau PàC/ESS dans le contexte de la traction des véhicules électrifiés (2016)

Présentation, Groupe de Travail Réseaux et Systèmes Électriques Intelligents, Institut pour la Transition Énergétique Efficacity, Champs sur Marne, France