gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Resistance Profile of the Hepatitis C Virus NS3 Protease Inhibitor BI 201335 (2011)

The in vitro resistance profile of BI 201335 was evaluated through selection and characterization of variants in genotype 1a (GT 1a) and genotype 1b (GT 1b) replicons. NS3 R155K and D168V were the most frequently observed resistant variants. Phenotypic characterization of the mutants revealed shifts in sensitivity specific to BI 201335 that did not alter susceptibility to alpha interferon. In contrast to macrocyclic and covalent protease inhibitors, changes at V36, T54, F43, and Q80 did not confer resistance to BI 201335.
Real-time and high-precision interrogation of a linearly chirped fiber Bragg grating sensor array based on dispersive time delay and optical pulse compression (2019)

A novel technique to achieve real-time and high-precision interrogation of a linearly chirped fiber Bragg (LCFBG) grating sensor array based on dispersive time delay and optical pulse compression is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. In the proposed system, an ultra-short optical pulse is launched into an LCFBG sensor array consisting of N identical LCFBGs, to produce N reflected pulses with their time delay changes corresponding to the strain or temperature changes. The reflected pulses are sent to another LCFBG having an opposite dispersion coefficient to achieve optical pulse compression to improve the measurement accuracy. A proof-of-concept experiment is demonstrated. A 2×3 LCFBG sensor array using six identical LCFBGs is implemented, and the performance is evaluated experimentally. The sensing speed can be as high as 48.6 MHz, and the sensing accuracy can be as high as 0.26 με for strain and 0.045°C for temperature.
Analysis of the Pattern of Initiation of Sustained Ventricular Arrhythmias in Patients with Implantable Defibrillators (2000)

These findings demonstrate that sustained ventricular arrhythmias typically are initiated by late-coupled ventricular premature depolarizations, regardless of the type or severity of underlying structural heart disease or resultant arrhythmia.
Synthesis of Metabolites of the Prodrug 2,5-Bis(4-O-methoxyamidinophenyl)furan (2003)

The synthesis of three metabolites of the prodrug 2,5-bis-(4-O-methoxyamidinophenyl)furan (1), 2-(4-hydroxyamidinophenyl)-5-(4-methoxyamidinophenyl)furan (M1), 2-(4-amidinophenyl)-5-(4-ethoxyamidinophenyl)furan (M3) and 2-(4-amidinophenyl)-5-(4-hydroxyamidinophenyl)furan (M4), is reported.The key step in each of the syntheses involves the Heck reaction.
Anaerobic gut fungi are an untapped reservoir of natural products (2021)

Anaerobic fungi (class Neocallimastigomycetes) thrive as low-abundance members of the herbivore digestive tract. The genomes of anaerobic gut fungi are poorly characterized and have not been extensively mined for the biosynthetic enzymes of natural products such as antibiotics. Here, we investigate the potential of anaerobic gut fungi to synthesize natural products that could regulate membership within the gut microbiome. Complementary 'omics' approaches were combined to catalog the natural products of anaerobic gut fungi from four different representative species: <i>Anaeromyces robustus</i> (<i>A</i><i>robustus</i>), <i>Caecomyces churrovis</i> (<i>C</i><i>churrovis</i>), <i>Neocallimastix californiae</i> (<i>N</i><i>californiae</i>), and <i>Piromyces finnis</i> (<i>P</i><i>finnis</i>). In total, 146 genes were identified that encode biosynthetic enzymes for diverse types of natural products, including nonribosomal peptide synthetases and polyketide synthases. In addition, <i>N. californiae</i> and <i>C. churrovis</i> genomes encoded seven putative bacteriocins, a class of antimicrobial peptides typically produced by bacteria. During standard laboratory growth on plant biomass or soluble substrates, 26% of total core biosynthetic genes in all four strains were transcribed. Across all four fungal strains, 30% of total biosynthetic gene products were detected via proteomics when grown on cellobiose. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) characterization of fungal supernatants detected 72 likely natural products from <i>A. robustus</i> alone. A compound produced by all four strains of anaerobic fungi was putatively identified as the polyketide-related styrylpyrone baumin. Molecular networking quantified similarities between tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) spectra among these fungi, enabling three groups of natural products to be identified that are unique to anaerobic fungi. Overall, these results support the finding that anaerobic gut fungi synthesize natural products, which could be harnessed as a source of antimicrobials, therapeutics, and other bioactive compounds.
Few-Layer Graphene Characterization by Near-Field Scanning Microwave Microscopy (2010)

Near-field scanning microwave microscopy is employed for quantitative imaging at 4 GHz of the local impedance for monolayer and few-layer graphene. The microwave response of graphene is found to be thickness dependent and determined by the local sheet resistance of the graphene flake. Calibration of the measurement system and knowledge of the probe geometry allows evaluation of the AC impedance for monolayer and few-layer graphene, which is found to be predominantly active. The use of localized evanescent electromagnetic field in our experiment provides a promising tool for investigations of plasma waves in graphene with wave numbers determined by the spatial spectrum of the near-field. By using near-field microwave microscopy one can perform simultaneous imaging of location, geometry, thickness, and distribution of electrical properties of graphene without a need for device fabrication.
Advanced Laser Scribing for Emerging LED Materials (2011)

Lasers are becoming increasingly important in today's LED revolution and are essential for increasing the efficiency and reducing manufacturing cost of LEDs. Diode pumped solid state lasers excel in scribing horizontal type LEDs on sapphire, silicon, silicon carbide, III-nitrides (gallium nitride and aluminum nitride), as well as III-V semiconductors (gallium arsenide, gallium phosphide). These lasers are also used for dicing vertical type LEDs, which are becoming increasingly more important, often using high thermal conductivity metallic substrates such as copper, CuW and molybdenum. In this paper we will discuss some of the recent laser scribing/dicing techniques and how adequate selection of laser parameters and beam delivery optics allows for a high quality high throughput singulation process for the various materials listed above.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective One‐Pot Synthesis of β‐Lactams from Achiral 2‐ Pyridylthioesters and Aromatic Imines. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Steps to the Subsea Factory (2013)

Abstract During the last 25 years Statoil, in cooperation with key vendors, have developed technical solutions for subsea field development resulting in more than 500 subsea wells. As part of the corporate Technology strategy Statoil has launched a technology plan for the Statoil Subsea Factory™ concept. The plan describes how to combine subsea production and processing technology elements together with key business prioritised elements such as long distance multiphase transport, floating production facilities and pipeline networks to enable cost-effective field development. In addition, subsea production and processing can enable accelerated production and increased recovery in an energy-efficient manner, and with low environmental footprint This paper provides an overview of the technologies enabling the Subsea Factory concept and the operating experience gained in assets having implemented subsea processing technologies. The paper describes the technology staircase starting with subsea boosting in the LuFeng field and the separation, produced water reinjection and fluid boosting applications at Troll Pilot and the Tordis fields. The paper describes Tyrihans raw seawater injection and summarises the gas compression technology projects underway for the Gullfaks and Åsgard fields. The plan takes account of two specific value-creation goals Statoil is targeting - namely to realise subsea compression by 2015 and a complete subsea factory by 2020. Focus on establishing a Subsea Factory concept can be explained by the desire to improve the economic value of field developments. Utilizing a system approach from reservoir to export system, combine and reuse in new ways the subsea production and processing technologies already installed or being constructed in Statoil. The processing element will enable the fluids to be treated to a level where they can be safely transported in flowlines to a downstream host, whether onshore or offshore, fixed or floating. Future generations of subsea factory may include more sophisticated processing elements. Statoil's vision is to develop and deploy all the necessary technology elements required for a " subsea factory", i.e. for the equivalent of a topsides processing facility to be operated on the seabed, enabling remote subsea to beach hydrocarbon transport solutions in any offshore location. Statoil will be " Taking subsea longer, deeper and colder" to accelerate and increase production" by implementing the Statoil Subsea Factory™. The term " Older" is also discussed in light of the potential to reuseexisting technology elements to increase recovery and maintain production at existing/brownfield facilities at the Norwegian Continental shelf. Introduction As part of the corporate Technology strategy Statoil has launched a technology plan for the Statoil Subsea FactoryTM covering subsea production and processing technologies. The plan has been produced to support the aims of the Statoil corporate technology strategy (CTS) and the business goal of producing 2.5 million barrels of oil equivalent per day (BOEPD) by 2020.
Diabetes care in remote Australia: the antenatal, postpartum and inter-pregnancy period (2019)

These findings regarding whose role it is to provide postpartum care, along with opportunities to improve communication pathways and follow up care have informed the design of a complex health intervention to improve health systems and the provision of DIP related care.
EMILIN-1 Deficiency Induces Elastogenesis and Vascular Cell Defects (2003)

EMILINs constitute a family of genes of the extracellular matrix with high structural similarity. Four genes have been identified so far in human and mouse. To gain insight into the function of this gene family, EMILIN-1 has been inactivated in the mouse by gene targeting. The homozygous animals were fertile and did not show obvious abnormalities. However, histological and ultrastructural examination revealed alterations of elastic fibers in aorta and skin. Formation of elastic fibers by mutant embryonic fibroblasts in culture was also abnormal. Additional alterations were observed in cell morphology and anchorage of endothelial and smooth muscle cells to elastic lamellae. Considering that EMILIN-1 is adhesive for cells and that the protein binds to elastin and fibulin-5, EMILIN-1 may regulate elastogenesis and vascular cell maintenance by stabilizing molecular interactions between elastic fiber components and by endowing elastic fibers with specific cell adhesion properties.
Injection and Transport of High Current Density over 1000 A/cm2 in Organic Light Emitting Diodes under Pulse Excitation (2005)

We succeeded in injecting and transporting a maximum high current density of J =1163 A/cm 2 in organic light-emitting diodes using short-pulse excitation combined with a highly thermally conductive silicon substrate (thermal conductivity: 148 W m -1 K -1 ) and a small cathode configuration (cathode radius r =50 µm). A maximum current density almost 20 times higher than that associated with direct current (DC) operation was observed by driving an OLED with a short pulse voltage. With short-pulse excitation, the decrease in external quantum efficiency (η ext ) obeyed a typical singlet–singlet exciton annihilation model well, indicating that the generation of Joule heat in OLEDs can be suppressed under pulse operation.
Deterministic Time-Varying Packet Fair Queueing for Integrated Services Networks (2006)

In integrated services networks, the provision of Quality of Service (QoS) guarantees depends critically upon the scheduling algorithm employed at the network layer. In this work we review fundamental results on scheduling, and we focus on Packet Fair Queueing (PFQ) algorithms, which have been proposed for QoS wireline-wireless networking. The basic notion in PFQ is that the bandwidth allocated to a session is proportional to a positive weight Φi. Because of the fixed weight assignment, the inherent in PFQ delay-bandwidth coupling imposes limitations on the range of QoS that can be supported. We develop PFQ with deterministic time-varying weight assignments, and we propose a low-overhead algorithm capable of supporting arbitrary piecewise linear service curves which achieve delay-bandwidth decoupling. Unlike existing service-curve based algorithms, our time-varying PFQ scheme does not exhibit the punishment phenomenon, and allows sessions to exploit the extra bandwidth in under-loaded networks.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Chiral Lactams. (2011)

Abstract The S N Ar‐reaction of N‐benzylpantolactam (I) with various halides is shown to proceed with no or low amounts of racemization and can be used in library synthesis.
Silicon photonics: the optical spice rack (2009)

Silicon is evolving as a versatile photonics platform with multiple functionalities that can be seamlessly integrated. The toolbox is rich, starting from the ability to guide and switch multiple wavelength sources at gigahertz bandwidths, to optomechanical MEMS and opto-fluidics devices. Some of the challenges in the field of silicon photonics are discussed; among them are the decrease of losses in silicon waveguides and the integration of silicon photonics with current CMOS microelectronics.
Antibiotic Resistance Determinants in a Pseudomonas putida Strain Isolated from a Hospital (2014)

Environmental microbes harbor an enormous pool of antibiotic and biocide resistance genes that can impact the resistance profiles of animal and human pathogens via horizontal gene transfer. Pseudomonas putida strains are ubiquitous in soil and water but have been seldom isolated from humans. We have established a collection of P. putida strains isolated from in-patients in different hospitals in France. One of the isolated strains (HB3267) kills insects and is resistant to the majority of the antibiotics used in laboratories and hospitals, including aminoglycosides, ß-lactams, cationic peptides, chromoprotein enediyne antibiotics, dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors, fluoroquinolones and quinolones, glycopeptide antibiotics, macrolides, polyketides and sulfonamides. Similar to other P. putida clinical isolates the strain was sensitive to amikacin. To shed light on the broad pattern of antibiotic resistance, which is rarely found in clinical isolates of this species, the genome of this strain was sequenced and analysed. The study revealed that the determinants of multiple resistance are both chromosomally-borne as well as located on the pPC9 plasmid. Further analysis indicated that pPC9 has recruited antibiotic and biocide resistance genes from environmental microorganisms as well as from opportunistic and true human pathogens. The pPC9 plasmid is not self-transmissible, but can be mobilized by other bacterial plasmids making it capable of spreading antibiotic resistant determinants to new hosts.
109-Tb/s (7×97×172-Gb/s SDM/WDM/PDM) QPSK transmission through 16.8-km homogeneous multi-core fiber (2011)

We demonstrate record 109-Tb/s transmission of spatial division multiplexed (SDM) signals over 16.8 km using a seven-core fiber. Each SDM channel contains 97 WDM channels on a 100-GHz grid and 2×86-Gb/s polarization-multiplexed QPSK signals.
Practical retransmission schemes using network coding for 4G multicast/broadcast services (2010)

In this work we design retransmission schemes for broadcast networks using simple network coding techniques. In particular we study a wireless system with limited uplink feedback which can either be shared among all users or be partitioned for dedicated usage. In the shared feedback model the number of transmission errors is estimated using a voice-vote mechanism; the feedback needed is independent of the number of users. In the dedicated feedback model we consider varying levels of uplink feedback: none, partial and perfect. We design efficient retransmission schemes according to the feedback model and available bandwidth. Numerical results showing performance benefits are presented.
Intergranular interactions of low temperature atmosphere annealed Co∕Pd magnetic multilayers (2007)

We present evidence that low temperature atmosphere annealing of Co∕Pd magnetic multilayers reduces both the dipolar and exchange interactions, but the dipolar interaction decreases very rapidly at the lowest temperatures. We also infer cobalt oxide formation at grain boundaries. This results in a reduction of the exchange between grains, reduces the length scale of ordering in the ac demagnetized state of the films. We demonstrate that this is the result of the decoupling the grains.
Review of: "Thermodynamics, Infodynamics and Emergence" (2023)

of the paper summarize well the centrality of the theme: "Emergence, information and energy are fundamental properties of nature.We know that it takes free energy to acquire information, and it takes information to increase free energy."This theme has always interested the scientific community (physicists and others) but the theme continues to be "elusive".In the long list of contributions that the Author carries out (page 7/21) I think it was perhaps appropriate to mention E.T Jaynes [1, 2] which has conducted the most systematic effort to attack the problem and who underlines the centrality of the "partition function" as a basic entity that allows to connect thermodynamics and information theory (for those interested, this centrality is also taken up in a modest contribution of mine [3]).Similarly, since the title also speaks of an emergency, perhaps it was also appropriate to mention the fundamental contribution of P.A Ortega and D.A Braun [4] who masterfully dealt with the theme of "decision" and its impact on free energy .The paper remains a good introduction to the relationship between thermodynamics and information and, in underlining the ambiguity present in the two terms of the relationship, it gives a glimpse of its complexity.
Clinical characteristics and management of late symptom flare following stereotactic body radiation therapy for clinically localized prostate cancer. (2014)

194 Background: Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is increasingly utilized as primary treatment for clinically localized prostate cancer. While acute urinary symptoms are well recognized, late toxicities of SBRT have not been fully described. Here, we characterize the clinical features of late symptom flare and describe symptom management approaches. Methods: Two hudred sixteen patients with clinically localized prostate cancer were treated with SBRT between February 2008 and January 2011 at Georgetown University Hospital. Twenty-nine patients who experienced late-symptom flare were included in this retrospective analysis. Treatment was delivered using the CyberKnife (35 Gy to 36.25 Gy in five fractions). Prevalence of urinary toxicities was determined using CTCAE v.4. Patient-reported urinary symptoms were assessed using the American Urological Association Symptom Score (AUA) and the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (EPIC) short form. Results: Median age was 66 with 55% being of African descent. Late grade 2 frequency/urgency peaked at 12 months (17.2%), then returned to baseline at 18 months. Late grade 2 retention peaked at 18 months (65.5%), then returned to baseline at 24 months. Late grade greater than or equal to 1 dysuria peaked at nine months (25.0%), then returned to baseline at 24 months. Alpha-antagonist usage peaked at 18 months (85%) then decreased at 24 months. At 12 months, 21% required anti-inflammatories and/or urethral analgesics. Median AUA score rose from a baseline of 6 to 15 at 12 months, then returned to baseline by 24 months. EPIC urinary function and bother scores dropped to a nadir at 9 to 12 months post-treatment, then returned to baseline at 24 months. Conclusions: Symptom flare is a late syndrome consisting of various degrees of urinary frequency/urgency, retention and dysuria. It occurs approximately one year following SBRT, resolves spontaneously, and urinary function returns to baseline by two years. Early identification and initiation of conservative symptomatic management may decrease the need for invasive interventions. Anticipatory counseling prior to treatment may limit bother due to these transient urinary symptoms.
Inorganic Nanotubes (2004)

Abstract Since the first report on the synthesis of inorganic WS 2 nanotubes in 1992, the number of articles on the successful growth of different inorganic nanotubes has increased rapidly, emphasizing the importance of this field for nanotechnology. Although there are some geometrical similarities to carbon nanotubes, inorganic nanotubes are distinguished by important peculiarities, from their growth mechanisms to the physical and chemical properties that are attractive for potential applications. Their structural properties, which are important for such applications, are discussed in this review.
Solid State Imaging Techniques. A Novel Image Sensor with Spatially Variant Flexible Sampling Control Integrated on a Focal Plane. (1999)

We propose a new spatially variant sampling control system integrated on an image sensor. This sensor can read out spatially variant pixels at high speed, without inputting pixel address for each access. Since it has a memory array that keeps the pixel position to be sampled, the sampling position can be dynamically changed by rewriting the memory array. It can achieve any spatially varying sampling patterns. We show the principles, circuit designs, a prototype of the sensor, and results obtained by the prototype.
High-frequency ultrasound for in vivo, 3D imaging and analysis of mouse embryo brain development (2013)

High-throughput, fine-resolution, in utero imaging methods are urgently required to analyze the dynamics of brain growth and patterning in mouse embryos. To address this need, a 5-ring, 38-MHz, annular-array ultrasound imaging system was developed to obtain three-dimensional (3D) data from individual, in utero embryos. Data were collected with the annular array, synthetically focused and then imported into 3D visualization software for segmentation and quantitative analysis. The head and ventricles of the embryo were reconstructed in 3D, and volume and surface areas were computed for each embryo data set. The data were then analyzed to establish quantitative parameters of normal brain development, such as surface area and volume, as well as other morphometric parameters, such as the pontine flexure angle. Detailed studies of volumetric changes associated with mouse brain development were performed by acquiring 3D data from 148 embryos spanning the early-to-mid gestational stages of E10.5-14.5.