gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Solution-Phase Bifunctional Catalyst for Lithium–Oxygen Batteries (2014)

A lithium-oxygen battery would deliver the highest energy density of a rechargeable battery, but the multiphase electrochemical reaction on the air cathode has difficulty proceeding when operated with only solid catalysts. We report here the organic-electrolyte-dissolved iron phthalocyanine (FePc) as a shuttle of (O2)(-) species and electrons between the surface of the electronic conductor and the insulator Li2O2 product of discharge. The Li2O2 is observed to grow and decompose without direct contact with carbon, which greatly enhances the electrochemical performance. Our results signal that the use of molecular shuttles that are catalytically active may prove to be enablers of a practical lithium-air rechargeable battery.
A somatostatin receptor 1 selective ligand inhibits Ca2+ currents in rat insulinoma 1046‐38 cells (1998)

Rat insulinoma 1046-38 cells represent a model system to study beta-cell function. The mRNAs for sst1 and sst2, two of the five somatostatin receptors, were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction amplification in these cells. Displacement binding analysis suggested that sstl represents the major somatostatin receptor subtype. The sstl selective compound CH-275 did not inhibit adenylyl cyclases while compounds that activated sst2 did. In contrast, CH-275 caused a marked inhibition of voltage-operated Ca2+ channels while the sst2 specific analog octreotide elicited a less pronounced effect suggesting that in rat insulinoma 1046-38 cells sst1 preferably mediates the inhibition of Ca2+ channels.
Study on cell culture processing system to improve task efficiency (2021)

Currently, in the field of regenerative medicine, cell processing is being performed manually. Such process is labor intensive and expensive, and its efficiency still needs to be enhanced. Recently, automatic cell culture apparatuses that are equipped with a vertical articulated robot have been proposed. However, the automation of all cell processing tasks complicates the system. This study aimed to develop a simple and rational cell processing system through the combination of the tasks performed by a robot and those performed by a human. In a previous study, we improved the efficiency of discarding and injecting tasks using a robot arm in the media changing process. In the present study, we propose an algorithm to predict injection stop timing by machine learning.
Reaction Products with Internal Energy beyond the Kinematic Limit Result from Trajectories Far from the Minimum Energy Path:  An Example from H + HBr → H2 + Br (2005)

The importance of reactive trajectories straying far from the minimum energy path is demonstrated for the bimolecular reaction H + HBr --> H2(v', j') + Br at 53 kcal/mol collision energy. Product quantum state distributions are measured and calculated using the quasi-classical trajectory technique, and the calculations indicate that highly internally excited H2 products result from indirect reactive trajectories with bent transition states. A general argument is made suggesting that reaction products with internal energy exceeding a kinematic constraint can, in general, be attributed to reactive collisions straying far from the minimum energy path.
A document recognition system and its applications (1996)

This paper describes a document entry system called the Document Recognition System (DRS), which facilitates the conversion of printed documents into electronic form. DRS was developed on a personal computer (PC) with an adapter card for recognizing more than 3000 Kanji characters. It provides a flexible framework for object-oriented management of data and processing modules. The framework allows the user to change the combination of processing modules and to select pipelining (parallel processing) or sequential processing. DRS includes processing modules for layout analysis functions such as blob detection, block segmentation, and model matching, and for character recognition functions such as Kanji character recognition, Japanese postprocessing, postprocessing by a user, and error correction through a user interface. The character recognition functions on the card and the other processing-related recognition functions on the PC work cooperatively in the proposed framework. Within the basic framework, we have customized DRS for practical applications. Examples of successful applications—entry into a text database, creation of an electronic catalog, entry of family registration data, and entry of tag data in a manufacturing process—provide evidence of the processing accuracy and robustness of the framework.
Pacemaker, ICD and CRT Radiography (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Pulse generators Leads Miscellaneous considerations Summary References
Probing Strangeness Canonical Ensemble with $K^{-}$, $\phi(1020)$ and $\Xi^{-}$ Production in Au+Au Collisions at ${\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = \rm{3\,GeV}}$ (2021)

We report the first multi-differential measurements of strange hadrons of
$K^{-}$, $\phi$ and $\Xi^{-}$ yields as well as the ratios of $\phi/K^-$ and
$\phi/\Xi^-$ in Au+Au collisions at ${\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = \rm{3\,GeV}}$ with
the STAR experiment fixed target configuration at RHIC. The $\phi$ mesons and
$\Xi^{-}$ hyperons are measured through hadronic decay channels,
$\phi\rightarrow K^+K^-$ and $\Xi^-\rightarrow \Lambda\pi^-$. Collision
centrality and rapidity dependence of the transverse spectra for these strange
hadrons are presented. The $4\pi$ yields and ratios are compared to thermal
model and hadronic transport model predictions. At the collision energy,
thermal model with grand canonical ensemble (GCE) under-predicts the $\phi/K^-$
ratio while the result of canonical ensemble (CE) calculations reproduce well
the ratios of $\phi/K^-$, with the correlation length $r_c \sim 2.7$\,fm, and
$\phi/\Xi^-$, $r_c \sim 4.2$\,fm, for the 0-10\% central collisions. Hadronic
transport models including high mass resonance decays could also describe the
ratios. While thermal calculations with GCE work well for strangeness
production in high energy collisions, the change to CE at $\rm{3\,GeV}$ implies
a rather different medium property at high baryon density.
Radioimmunotherapy of Metastatic Prostate Cancer with <sup>177</sup>Lu-DOTAhuJ591 Anti Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen Specific Monoclonal Antibody (2015)

Prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is the single most well-validated prostate cancer (PCa)-specific cell membrane antigen known. It is present in high levels in 95% of PCa, and is an ideal target to develop radiopharmaceuticals for imaging studies and radionuclide therapy. Humanized J591 monoclonal antibody (mAb) binds specifically with nanomolar affinity to the extracellular domain of PSMA. After binding, the PSMA-antibody complex is rapidly internalized, increasing the potential utility of PSMA as a target for the delivery of mAb-conjugated radionuclides or cytotoxins. J591 mAb was labeled with 177Lu at a high specific activity (10-30 mCi/mg) using DOTA as the bifunctional chelate. The preclinical data in PSMA positive xenografts, strongly suggested that 177;Lu-J591 mAb is an ideal radiopharmaceutical for RIT of metastatic PCa. Since October 2000, five clinical studies (phase I and II) were performed in subjects with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) using 177Lu-J591. The methodology and the results of these clinical studies are briefly reviewed in this article. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) as a single dose was 70 mCi2. Based on dose fractionation (DF), MTD was 90 mCi/m2(2 doses of 45 mCi/m2, 2 wks apart). Phase II study in patients with progressive metastatic CRPC, at a dose of 65- 70 mCi/m2 resulted in significant PSA declines in 60% of the patients. While myelosuppression was the dose limiting toxicity, DF alone or in combination with docetaxel also resulted in significant PSA declines with much less toxicity. 177Lu imaging studies demonstrated accurate targeting of known metastatic sites in >90% of patients and those with stronger PSMA expression by semi-quantitative imaging had more PSA declines. These clinical studies clearly documented the potential therapeutic value of radioimmunotherapy (RIT) in metastatic PCa.
‘The God of the hills’ (2015)

Abstract This chapter discusses the influence of the Romantic movement on the Dissenters in the mid-nineteenth century. It describes William Hale White, who became one of many Dissenters whose religious orthodoxy was challenged, and in some cases overturned, by contact with the Romantic movement. Although they did not reject the concept of God, the Romantics depicted God in a very different way from orthodox theologians. They saw the evidence for God's handiwork not in the perfect working of pre-ordained laws, but in the continuous development of nature and of human history.
How seismic anisotropy changes with scale (2017)

Summary: Physical properties of carbonate rocks cannot be fully captured from laboratory-sized samples. Indeed, heterogeneous facies distribution and/or diagenetic alterations may lead to significant variations in petrophysical properties within few meters. In carbonates, diagenetic transformations are tightly related to nature of fluids flowing through the formations, e.g. via fractures network. Consequently, reservoir properties may have patchy distribution, and may not be correlatable (e.g. using facies distribution or wells-logs correlations) within few meters. Our works aim at characterizing carbonates anisotropy at different scales, and are subject of two presentations at SEG's 87th Annual Meeting. This abstract deals with the second part of our approach, that's to say characterizing impact of diagenetic alteration on reservoir properties and seismic anisotropy, from centimeter to multi-meter scale. This part of the works integrate data from centimeter-scale (mini-cores), decimeter-scale (5″ cores), multi-meter (ultrasonic crosshole), and hectometer-scale (seismic), which have been measured at suitable frequency ranges (1MHz, 250kHz, 50kHz, and 1–100Hz, respectively). Although anisotropy is measureable at every scales, its origins vary according to scale. In this study, it is shown that matrix of porous samples are weakly anisotropic as a result of inter-crystalline pores. At centimeter-scale, anisotropy can also be related to: (1) patchy distribution of some physical properties, (2) local cracks distribution, and (3) thick single fractures. The lack of correlation between stiffness components from seismic-scale measurements, and laboratory to multi-meter scale ones emphasizes the fact that, when fracturing dominates, measured anisotropy is dominated by fracture/fault related anisotropy and matrix-related anisotropy may be lost. So that, scale effect must be handled carefully in anisotropy analyses, especially for carbonate formations. This paper has been withdrawn from the Technical Program and will not be presented at the 87th SEG Annual Meeting.
Quaternary Ammonium Trifluoromethoxide Salts as Stable Sources of Nucleophilic OCF3 (2020)

The reaction of nucleophilic tertiary amines with trifluoromethyl and pentafluoroethyl methyl ethers provides quaternary ammonium trifluoromethoxide (NR<sub>4</sub>OCF<sub>3</sub>) and pentafluoroethoxide (NR<sub>4</sub>OCF<sub>2</sub>CF<sub>3</sub>) salts, respectively, in good yields. The new trifluoromethoxide salts disclosed herein are uniquely stable for extended periods of time in both the solid state and in solution, which complements contemporary reagents. Here we describe the preparation of a range of NR<sub>4</sub>OCF<sub>3</sub> salts, their long-term stability, and utility in substitution reactions.
ZBED6, a Novel Transcription Factor Derived from a Domesticated DNA Transposon Regulates IGF2 Expression and Muscle Growth (2009)

A single nucleotide substitution in intron 3 of IGF2 in pigs abrogates a binding site for a repressor and leads to a 3-fold up-regulation of IGF2 in skeletal muscle. The mutation has major effects on muscle growth, size of the heart, and fat deposition. Here, we have identified the repressor and find that the protein, named ZBED6, is previously unknown, specific for placental mammals, and derived from an exapted DNA transposon. Silencing of Zbed6 in mouse C2C12 myoblasts affected Igf2 expression, cell proliferation, wound healing, and myotube formation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) sequencing using C2C12 cells identified about 2,500 ZBED6 binding sites in the genome, and the deduced consensus motif gave a perfect match with the established binding site in Igf2. Genes associated with ZBED6 binding sites showed a highly significant enrichment for certain Gene Ontology classifications, including development and transcriptional regulation. The phenotypic effects in mutant pigs and ZBED6-silenced C2C12 myoblasts, the extreme sequence conservation, its nucleolar localization, the broad tissue distribution, and the many target genes with essential biological functions suggest that ZBED6 is an important transcription factor in placental mammals, affecting development, cell proliferation, and growth.
Effect of probiotic bacteria on the intestinal microbiota in irritable bowel syndrome (2013)

In this pilot study, global and deep molecular analysis demonstrates an altered mucosal microbiota composition in IBS. Probiotic leads to detectable changes in the microbiota. These effects of probiotic bacteria may contribute to their therapeutic benefit.
'No Touch' Technique for Coronary Anastomoses with Arterial Grafts (1998)

We describe a simple no-touch technique for facilitating coronary anastomosis using different arterial grafts. To accomplish this technique it is necessary to make a cut near the end of the graft creating a "cuff". Holding this cuff during the anastomosis steadies the graft, which simplifies the suturing technique and facilitates precise anastomosis.
A circuit model for nonlinear simulation of radio-frequency filters using bulk acoustic wave resonators (2008)

This paper describes a circuit model for the analysis of nonlinearity in the filters based on radiofrequency (RF) bulk acoustic wave (BAW) resonators. The nonlinear output is expressed by a current source connected parallel to the linear resonator. Amplitude of the nonlinear current source is programmed proportional to the product of linear currents flowing in the resonator. Thus, the nonlinear analysis is performed by the common linear analysis, even for complex device structures. The analysis is applied to a ladder-type RF BAW filter, and frequency dependence of the nonlinear output is discussed. Furthermore, this analysis is verified through comparison with experiments.
Magnetic properties of carbon stabilized multiferroic bismuth ferrite nanoparticles (2012)

Carbon-stabilized bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3) nanoparticles have been synthesized by a self-combustion method, under ambient conditions and post annealing at selective temperatures between 400-800°C in air. BiFeO3 nanoparticles in carbon matrix show enhanced magnetic properties compared to its bulk counterpart.
Implanting intracranial electrodes does not affect spikes or network connectivity in nearby or connected brain regions (2022)

To determine the effect of implanting electrodes on electrographic features of nearby and connected brain regions in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy, we analyzed intracranial EEG recordings from 10 patients with drug-resistant epilepsy who underwent implant revision (placement of additional electrodes) during their hospitalization. We performed automated spike detection and measured EEG functional networks. We analyzed the original electrodes that remained in place throughout the full EEG recording, and we measured the change in spike rates and network connectivity in these original electrodes in response to implanting new electrodes. There was no change in overall spike rate pre- to post-implant revision (<i>t</i>(9) = 0.1, <i>p</i> = 0.95). The peri-revision change in the distribution of spike rate and connectivity across electrodes was no greater than chance (Monte Carlo method, spikes: <i>p</i> = 0.40, connectivity: <i>p</i> = 0.42). Electrodes closer to or more functionally connected to the revision site had no greater change in spike rate or connectivity than more distant or less connected electrodes. Changes in electrographic features surrounding electrode implantation are no greater than baseline fluctuations occurring throughout the intracranial recording. These findings argue against an implant effect on spikes or network connectivity in nearby or connected brain regions.
Convexly constrained linear inverse problems: iterative least-squares and regularization (1998)

We consider robust inversion of linear operators with convex constraints. We present an iteration that converges to the minimum norm least squares solution; a stopping rule is shown to regularize the constrained inversion. A constrained Laplace inversion is computed to illustrate the proposed algorithm.
Polymer-Supported O-Benzyl and O-Allylisoureas:  Convenient Preparation and Use in Ester Synthesis from Carboxylic Acids (2003)

[reaction: see text] Polymer-supported O-methyl, O-benzyl, and O-allyl-isoureas were prepared by copper(II)-catalyzed reaction of polymer-supported carbodiimide with the corresponding alcohols. These polymer-supported reagents were successfully employed to convert a series of carboxylic acids to methyl, benzyl, or allyl esters, in good yields. The products were obtained with high purity (>95% by NMR) after a simple resin filtration-solvent evaporation sequence.
The Effects of Depowered Airbags on Skin Injuries in Frontal Automobile Crashes (2005)

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of depowered frontal airbags on the incidence of skin injuries. The National Automotive Sampling System database files from 1993 to 2000 were examined in a study including 2,246,524 occupants exposed to airbag deployment in the United States. There was no significant difference between full-powered and depowered airbags, with 60.2 percent of those exposed to a full-powered deployment sustaining a skin injury versus 59.5 percent of occupants exposed to a depowered airbag (p = 0.19). Whether occupants were exposed to a full-powered airbag (1,936,485 occupants) or a depowered airbay (310,039 occupants), the majority of skin injuries were to the upper extremity and the face. Regardless of airbag power, the overwhelming majority of the skin injuries were minor (99.8 percent). There was not a significantly greater risk of injury from any source for occupants exposed to a depowered airbag or a full-powered airbag (p = 0.87). The data suggest that the implementation of depowered airbags did not affect the number, seriousness, location, or source of skin injuries.
Plant-Enhanced Remediation of Petroleum Contaminated Soil (2022)

Petroleum-contaminated soils may be treated by a variety of methods. Many of these methods are appropriate for the soluble petroleum constituents, but the more insoluble compounds, often associated with old or highly weathered contamination are resistant to remediation. While these petroleum constituents may have little risk because of their limited mobility, it is still desirable to remove these or reduce their levels because of their hazardous nature.
miRNA Signatures Associate with Pathogenesis and Progression of Osteosarcoma (2012)

Osteosarcoma remains a leading cause of cancer death in adolescents. Treatment paradigms and survival rates have not improved in two decades. Driving the lack of therapeutic inroads, the molecular etiology of osteosarcoma remains elusive. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have demonstrated far-reaching effects on the cellular biology of development and cancer. Their role in osteosarcomagenesis remains largely unexplored. Here we identify for the first time an miRNA signature reflecting the pathogenesis of osteosarcoma from surgically procured samples from human patients. The signature includes high expression of miR-181a,miR-181b, and miR-181c as well as reduced expression of miR-16, miR-29b, and miR-142-5p. We also demonstrate that miR-181b and miR-29b exhibit restricted expression to distinct cell populations in the tumor tissue. Further, higher expression of miR-27a and miR-181c* in pre-treatment biopsy samples characterized patients who developed clinical metastatic disease. In addition, higher expression of miR-451 and miR-15b in pre-treatment samples correlated with subsequent positive response to chemotherapy. In vitro and in vivo functional validation in osteosarcoma cell lines confirmed the tumor suppressive role of miR-16 and the pro-metastatic role of miR-27a. Furthermore, predicted target genes for miR-16 and miR-27a were confirmed as down-regulated by real-time PCR. Affymetrix array profiling of cDNAs from the osteosarcoma specimens and controls were interrogated according to predicted targets of miR-16, miR142-5p, miR-29b, miR-181a/b, and miR-27a. This analysis revealed positive and negative correlations highlighting pathways of known importance to osteosarcoma, as well as novel genes. Thus, our findings establish a miRNA signature associated with pathogenesis of osteosarcoma as well as critical pre-treatment biomarkers of metastasis and responsiveness to therapy.
<title>Novel nonhydrolytic sol-gel route to low-OH- and CH-containing organic-inorganic composites</title> (1998)

A new synthesis route to organic-inorganic composites with low OH- and CH-content has been developed. Thus methacrylate- modified chlorosilanes were either homocondensed or cocondensed with fluoroalkyl-modified chlorosilanes by a non- hydrolytic reaction with 2-methyl-2-propanol under formation of an inorganic network and hydrogen chloride and tertiary butyl chloride as well. Remaining chlorosilane groups were reacted by a second alcohol treatment to obtain air-stable, highly condensed, and low OH-containing sols. The condensation was followed by <SUP>29</SUP>Si-NMR-spectroscopy, showing T<SUP>2</SUP>- content of up to 60% and T<SUP>3</SUP> content of up to 35% for trichlorosilanes and D<SUP>2</SUP>-content of more than 90% for dichlorosilanes respectively. The OH-content, which was estimated by FT-IR-spectroscopy, was lower than 10% referring to materials prepared by the conventional aqueous sol-gel process. For further decrease of the CH-content copolymerization with fluorinated methacrylates was investigated. After addition of a photoinitiator transparent bulk materials with a diameter of 1 cm and a length of 1.5 cm were obtained by photopolymerization in closed UV-transparent containers using a Beltron<SUP>r</SUP> UV apparatus with a low pressure Hg-Xe lamp. NIR-absorbance measurements were carried out and optical losses of bulk materials were determined. Cocondensed and copolymerized materials show low optical losses of 0.12 dB/cm at 1300 nm and 0.33 dB/cm at 1550 nm.
Design of a core–shell support to improve lipase features by immobilization (2016)

Different core–shell polymeric supports, exhbiting different featured, were produced and utilized in the immobilization and tuning of different lipases.