gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Managing the Future Internet (2010)

The authors use P2P communications for building a powerful service oriented architecture capable of orchestrating advanced services. Underlying mechanisms can be supported even when subject to the high churn of some of the P2P elements. This work proposes a management framework that ties together P2P and SOC technologies to reach new work scenarios for the future Internet. P2P nodes dynamically form networks to emulate the services offered by a traditional “dedicated” server. Such behavior of P2P-based services is highly dynamic and requires the use of a real-time control plane such as the one proposed in this chapter. The authors therefore argue that a policy based management middleware offers a good alternative for such endeavor. They recommend that emerging SOC/SOA development should consider the addition of a special intermediary component that transparently deals with highly dynamic P2P nodes and services as they expect these to become the rule rather than the exception in certain scenarios. Although not all the issues have been dealt with here in this chapter, it can certainly be seen as a step in the right direction.
Table S1 from Genetic Variants of <i>VEGFA</i> and <i>FLT4</i> Are Determinants of Survival in Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients Treated with Sorafenib (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Genotyped genes.&lt;/p&gt;
Ultraviolet femtosecond pulse amplification uslng Ce3+:LiCaAIF6 crystal as gain medium (2001)

There have been continuous efforts for obtaining high-peak-power, femtosecond, ultraviolet pulses.
Evolution of the 2007–2008 Arctic sea ice cover and prospects for a new record in 2008 (2008)

The record Arctic sea ice minimum in 2007 has heightened debate on whether the Arctic Ocean has reached a tipping point, leading to a rapid transition towards a seasonal ice cover. Here, we review the 2007–2008 winter and spring ice and atmosphere conditions and assess how likely another record minimum is in summer 2008. At the end of June, 67% of the Arctic Ocean was covered by younger‐than‐average ice and only 5% was covered by older than‐average‐ice. Using a simple estimate based on ice survival rates, a new record low is reached in 2008 in 24 of 25 cases. With a more complex linear regression model, we suggest the September sea ice extent will be 4.40 million square kilometers, with a 40% chance that 2008 will set a new record low Arctic ice minimum.
Reduction in Torsional Stiffness and Strength at the Proximal Tibia as a Function of Time Since Spinal Cord Injury (2015)

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is characterized by marked bone loss and a high rate of low-energy fracture around regions of the knee. Changes in the mechanical integrity of bone after SCI are poorly defined, and a better understanding may inform approaches to prevent fractures. The purpose of this study was to quantify reductions in torsional stiffness and strength at the proximal tibia as a function of time since SCI. Sixty adults with SCI ranging from 0 to 50 years of duration and a reference group of 10 able-bodied controls received a CT scan of the proximal tibia. Measures of integral bone mineral were calculated for the total proximal tibia, and localized measures of cortical and trabecular bone mineral were calculated for the epiphysis, metaphysis, and diaphysis. Torsional stiffness (K) and strength (T(ult)) for the total proximal tibia were quantified using validated subject-specific finite element models. Total proximal tibia measures of integral bone mineral, K, and T(ult) decreased exponentially (r(2) = 0.52 to 0.70) and reached a new steady state within 2.1 to 2.7 years after SCI. Whereas new steady-state values for integral bone mineral and K were 52% to 56% (p < 0.001) lower than the reference group, the new steady state for T(ult) was 69% (p < 0.001) lower than the reference group. Reductions in total proximal tibia measures occurred through a combination of trabecular and endocortical resorption, leaving a bone comprised primarily of marrow fat rather than hydroxyapatite. These findings illustrate that a short therapeutic window exists early (ie, 2 years) after SCI, during which bone-specific intervention may attenuate reductions in mechanical integrity and ultimately prevent SCI-related fragility fracture.
Semi-Synthetic CoA-α-Synuclein Constructs Trap N-Terminal Acetyltransferase NatB for Binding Mechanism Studies (2023)

N-terminal acetylation is a chemical modification carried out by N-terminal acetyltransferases. A major member of this enzyme family, NatB, acts on much of the human proteome, including α-synuclein (αS), a synaptic protein that mediates vesicle trafficking. NatB acetylation of αS modulates its lipid vesicle binding properties and amyloid fibril formation, which underlies its role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Although the molecular details of the interaction between human NatB (hNatB) and the N-terminus of αS have been resolved, whether the remainder of the protein plays a role in interacting with the enzyme is unknown. Here, we execute the first synthesis, by native chemical ligation, of a bisubstrate inhibitor of NatB consisting of coenzyme A and full-length human αS, additionally incorporating two fluorescent probes for studies of conformational dynamics. We use cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to characterize the structural features of the hNatB/inhibitor complex and show that, beyond the first few residues, αS remains disordered when in complex with hNatB. We further probe changes in the αS conformation by single molecule Förster resonance energy transfer (smFRET) to reveal that the C-terminus expands when bound to hNatB. Computational models based on the cryo-EM and smFRET data help to explain the conformational changes as well as their implications for hNatB substrate recognition and specific inhibition of the interaction with αS. Beyond the study of αS and NatB, these experiments illustrate valuable strategies for the study of challenging structural biology targets through a combination of protein semi-synthesis, cryo-EM, smFRET, and computational modeling.
Novel CaF2 Nanocomposites with Antibacterial Function and Fluoride and Calcium Ion Release to Inhibit Oral Biofilm and Protect Teeth (2020)

(1) Background: The objective of this study was to develop a novel dental nanocomposite containing dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM), 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC), and nanoparticles of calcium fluoride (nCaF<sub>2</sub>) for preventing recurrent caries via antibacterial, protein repellent and fluoride releasing capabilities. (2) Methods: Composites were made by adding 3% MPC, 3% DMAHDM and 15% nCaF<sub>2</sub> into bisphenol A glycidyl dimethacrylate (Bis-GMA) and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) (denoted BT). Calcium and fluoride ion releases were evaluated. Biofilms of human saliva were assessed. (3) Results: nCaF<sub>2</sub>+DMAHDM+MPC composite had the lowest biofilm colony forming units (CFU) and the greatest ion release; however, its mechanical properties were lower than commercial control composite (<i>p</i> < 0.05). nCaF<sub>2</sub>+DMAHDM composite had similarly potent biofilm reduction, with mechanical properties matching commercial control composite (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Fluoride and calcium ion releases from nCaF<sub>2</sub>+DMAHDM were much more than commercial composite. Biofilm CFU on composite was reduced by 4 logs (<i>n</i> = 9, <i>p</i> < 0.05). Biofilm metabolic activity and lactic acid were also substantially reduced by nCaF<sub>2</sub>+DMAHDM, compared to commercial control composite (<i>p</i> < 0.05). (4) Conclusions: The novel nanocomposite nCaF<sub>2</sub>+DMAHDM achieved strong antibacterial and ion release capabilities, without compromising the mechanical properties. This bioactive nanocomposite is promising to reduce biofilm acid production, inhibit recurrent caries, and increase restoration longevity.
Large-scale characterization of silicon nitride-based evanescent couplers at 532nm wavelength (2014)

Recently, the photonics community has a renewed attention for silicon nitride.<sup>1-3</sup> When deposited at temperatures below 650K with plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD),<sup>4</sup> it enables photonic circuits fabricated on-top of standard complementary metaloxidesemiconductor (CMOS) electronics. Silicon nitride is moreover transparent to wavelengths that are visible to the human eye and detectable with available silicon detectors, thus offering a photonics platform for a range of applications that is not accessible with the popular silicon-on-insulator platform. However, first-time-right design of large-scale circuits for demanding specifications requires reliable models of the basic photonic building blocks, like evanescent couplers (Figure 1), components that couple power between multiple waveguides. While these models typically exist for the silicon-on-insulator platform, they still lack maturity for the emerging silicon nitride platform. Therefore, we meticulously studied silicon nitride-based evanescent couplers fabricated in our 200mm-wafer facility. We produced the structures in a silicon nitride film deposited with low-temperature PECVD, and patterned it using optical lithography at a wavelength of 193nm and reactive ion etching. We measured the performance of as much as 250 different designs at 532nm wavelength, a central wavelength in the visible range for which laser sources are widespread. For each design, we measured the progressive transmission of up-to 10 cascaded identical couplers (Figure 2(a)), yielding very accurate figures for the coupling factor (Figure 2(b)). This paper presents the trends extracted from this vast data set (Figure 3), and elaborates on the impact of the couplers bend radius and gap on its coupling factors (Figure 4 and Figure 5). We think that the large- scale characterization of evanescent couplers presented in this paper, in excellent agreement with the simulated performance of the devices, forms the basis for a component library that enables accurate design of silicon nitride-based photonic circuitry.
Integrated skin sensitization assessment based on OECD methods (II): Hazard and potency by combining kinetic peptide reactivity and the “2 out of 3” Defined Approach_suppl4 (2022)

Depending on regulatory requirements, the skin sensitization risk for new chemicals with potential consumer skin contact must be assessed by experimental testing by (i) binary hazard assessment to identify sensitizers, (ii) subclassification of sensitizers according to the Global Harmonized System (GHS), and (iii) derivation of a point of departure (PoD) for risk assessment. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) recently published a test guideline incorporating the “2 out of 3” defined approach (2o3 DA) for skin sensitization hazard assessment and added the kinetic direct peptide reactivity assay (kDPRA) as a stand-alone test guideline method for GHS subclassification. The 2o3 DA requires that at least two in vitro tests are conducted. The cell-based tests and the kDPRA generate, next to a binary outcome with a fixed threshold, continuous concentration-response data, which can be used in quantitative regression models to derive a PoD. The sequence of testing for the 2o3 DA is flexible. Here we compare different testing sequences and how they can be combined with kDPRA data to provide a PoD in parallel to hazard identification (hazard ID) and GHS subclassification. A set of 188 chemicals with available in vitro data was evaluated for the final PoD using these different testing sequences. The results indicate that testing can start with DPRA / kDPRA and either of the cell-based assays, and that testing can stop after two congruent tests without major impact on the final PoD for chemicals within the applicability domain of the kDPRA.
Type Synthesis of Complaint 5-bar Mechanisms With Application to Mechanical Disc Brakes (2007)

This paper presents the results of applying type synthesis to generate the possible configurations of a compliant 5-bar mechanism. The synthesis approach is described and demonstrated. Application of the approach resulted in the generation of 58 non-isomorphic configurations that are described and illustrated. While the paper is motivated by the potential application of selected members of the configuration set in development of mechanisms for grasping with special focus on mechanical disc brake systems, the principles may be applied to provide a broad range of mechanisms for evaluation and for intellectual property protection .
Neutron Counting in Mixed Neutron-Gamma Fields with Common NaI(Tl) Detectors (2021)

Iodine-comprising scintillators as NaI(Tl) are capable of detecting thermal neutrons with surprising efficiency, even in the presence of ambient gamma radiation. This is due to a peculiarity of the <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">128</sup> I level scheme. De-excitation cascades following neutron captures in <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">127</sup> I, a constituent of NaI with quite large neutron capture cross-section, often involve the 167.4 keV state of <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">128</sup> I with 175 ns half-life, which feeds another isomeric level, the 137.9 keV state with 845 ns half-life. Strong transitions involving these levels are highly converted, they mostly generate signals in the crystal. A sequence of three pulses within a few microseconds, the second and third one corresponding to energy depositions around 30 keV and 138 keV, respectively, is a distinct feature of such a de-excitation cascade and a clear signal for a neutron capture in <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">127</sup> I. The paper demonstrates thermal-neutron detection with a common ∅2"×2" NaI(Tl) scintillation detector by identifying such triple-pulse sequences in the digitized detector signals. Energy depositions and time delays of the (often piled-up) sub-pulses with respect to the event trigger reflecting a prompt part of the cascade are determined by consecutive stripping of the signal components. Random triple events, caused by ambient gamma radiation or statistical fluctuations exceeding the trigger threshold, are strongly suppressed by energy and time cuts defining valid delayed contributions. Another measurement using a <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> Li co-doped ∅2"×2" NaI(Tl) (NAIL™) scintillator allowed estimating the neutron detection efficiency attained with this novel technique.
USAGE OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE GUIDED FOCUSED ULTRASOUND SURGERY (MRGFUS) IN ONCOLOGY (2011)

Magnetic resonance guided focused ultrasound surgery (MRgFUS) is a non‐invasive incision‐less surgical approach which limits the tissue destruction to the targeted tumor. Acoustic energy penetrates through intact skin and through the tissues surrounding the tumor without causing any significant bio‐effects. Energy deposition takes place mainly at the focal spot where heat induced thermal coagulation of the targeted tissue is accomplished. Real time targeting and image guidance is provided by MRI tumor margin definition and real time thermometry provides closed loop feedback control of energy deposition. The patient lies in the MRI scanner throughout the treatment planning and treatment, and the physician conducts the treatment from the MRgFUS workstation in the adjacent MR control room.The ExAblate system for MRgFUS is commercially available in many countries for treatment of uterine fibroids. The system has also received CE and KFDA approval for pain palliation of bone metastases, and research of other oncologic applications is underway.
Chronic Cocaine Administration Switches Corticotropin-Releasing Factor2Receptor-Mediated Depression to Facilitation of Glutamatergic Transmission in the Lateral Septum (2005)

Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and urocortin (Ucn I) are endogenous members among a family of CRF-related peptides that activate two different and synaptically localized G-protein-coupled receptors, CRF1 and CRF2. These peptides and their receptors have been implicated in stress responses and stress with cocaine abuse. In this study, we observed significant alterations in excitatory transmission and CRF-related peptide regulation of excitatory transmission in the lateral septum mediolateral nucleus (LSMLN) after chronic cocaine administration. In brain slice recordings from the LSMLN of control (saline-treated) rats, glutamatergic synaptic transmission was facilitated by activation of CRF1 receptors with CRF but was depressed after activation of CRF2 receptors with Ucn I. After acute withdrawal from a chronic cocaine administration regimen, CRF1 activation remained facilitatory, but CRF2 activation facilitated rather than depressed LSMLN EPSCs. These alterations in CRF2 effects occurred through both presynaptic and postsynaptic mechanisms. In saline-treated rats, CRF1 and CRF2 coupled predominantly to protein kinase A signaling pathways, whereas after cocaine withdrawal, protein kinase C activity was more prominent and likely contributed to the CRF2-mediated presynaptic facilitation. Neither CRF nor Ucn I altered monosynaptic GABA(A)-mediated IPSCs before or after chronic cocaine administration, suggesting that loss of GABAA-mediated inhibition could not account for the facilitation. This switch in polarity of Ucn I-mediated neuromodulation, from a negative to positive regulation of excitatory glutamatergic transmission after chronic cocaine administration, could generate an imbalance in the brain reward circuitry associated with the LSMLN.
B. レーザー装置 (2000)

Compact, high brightness, and high average Dower YAG laser system with
Current Steering and Results From Novel Speech Coding Strategies (2008)

Current steering seems to have the potential to improve both understanding in adverse listening situations and frequency resolution. However, the optimal implementation needs further investigation.
Designing the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT) (2005)

Prostate cancer continues to be a major health threat, especially among African American men. The Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT), which opened on July 25, 2001, was planned to study possible agents for the prevention of prostate cancer in a population of 32,400 men in the United States, including Puerto Rico, and Canada. SELECT is a phase III randomized, placebo-controlled trial of selenium (200 microg/day from L-selenomethionine) and/or vitamin E (400 IU/day of all rac alpha-tocopheryl acetate) supplementation for a minimum of 7 years (maximum of 12 years) in non-African American men at least 55 years of age and African American men at least 50 years of age. SELECT is a large, simple trial that conforms as closely as possible with community standards of care. This commentary discusses the design problems the SELECT investigators had to resolve in developing the trial, including the role of prostate cancer screening, the best forms and doses of the study agents, and estimation of the event (prostate cancer) rate of men on the placebo arm.
Weak functional response to agricultural landscape homogenisation among plants, butterflies and birds (2016)

Measures of functional diversity are expected to predict community responses to land use and environmental change because, in contrast to taxonomic diversity, it is based on species traits rather than their identity. Here, we investigated the impact of landscape homogenisation on plants, butterflies and birds in terms of the proportion of arable field cover in southern Finland at local (0.25 km 2 ) and regional (&gt; 10 000 km 2 ) scales using four functional diversity indices: functional richness, functional evenness, functional divergence and functional dispersion. No uniform response in functional diversity across taxa or scales was found. However, in all cases where we found a relationship between increasing arable field cover and any index of functional diversity, this relationship was negative. Butterfly functional richness decreased with increasing arable field cover, as did butterfly and bird functional evenness. For butterfly functional evenness, this was only evident in the most homogeneous regions. Butterfly and bird functional dispersion decreased in homogeneous regions regardless of the proportion of arable field cover locally. No effect of landscape heterogeneity on plant functional diversity was found at any spatial scale, but plant species richness decreased locally with increasing arable field cover. Overall, species richness responded more consistently to landscape homogenisation than did the functional diversity indices, with both positive and negative effects across species groups. Functional diversity indices are in theory valuable instruments for assessing effects of land use scenarios on ecosystem functioning. However, the applicability of empirical data requires deeper understanding of which traits reliably capture species’ vulnerability to environmental factors and of the ecological interpretation of the functional diversity indices. Our study provides novel insights into how the functional diversity of communities changes in response to agriculturally derived landscape homogenisation; however, the low explanatory power of the functional diversity indices hampers the ability to reliably anticipate impacts on ecosystem functioning.
Cytocompatibility of Ti–6Al–7Nb through High-Pressure Torsion Processing (2016)

In this study, we evaluated the cytocompatibility of high-pressure torsion (HPT)-processed Ti-6Al-7Nb alloys. Grain size of titanium (Ti) alloys decreased from 5 µm (without HPT processing, HPT-0) to ～100 nm (at 2 GPa, HPT-2) or ～70 nm (at 6 GPa, HPT-6) through HPT processing. Cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation were evaluated with mouse preosteoblast (MC3T3-E1). A locomotion trend was presented by cells cultured on HPT-2 to compare with other specimens, while, an immobilization trend was presented by cells cultured on HPT-6 to compare with other specimens. Akp2 (alkaline phosphatase 2) expression was higher in cells cultured on HPT-2 than that on HPT-0 and HPT-6, indicating enhanced osteogenic differentiation. Our results demonstrate that HPT-processed Ti-6Al-7Nb alloys offer good cytocompatibility.
Pulsed ENDOR Study of Water Coordination to Gd3+Complexes in Orientationally Disordered Systems (2004)

In orientationally disordered systems, the ENDOR (electron−nuclear double resonance) spectra of high-spin ions having weak crystal field interaction (cfi) contain nuclear transition lines (often overlapped) that belong to several different electron spin manifolds, and the transition lines for each manifold are distorted by the effect of the cfi. In this work, we have shown that, although the latter distortions can be quite considerable in a general case, the statistical distributions of the cfi parameters and orientations of the cfi axes in glassy samples result in ENDOR line shapes similar to the usual powder pattern determined by the hyperfine interaction only, which greatly simplifies their analysis. We have also shown that the two-dimensional Mims ENDOR technique can be used to disentangle the nuclear transitions that belong to different electron spin manifolds. The results of the analysis were applied to study the Gd3+ aquo complex and the Gd3+-based MRI contrast agent GdHPDO3A in frozen glassy water/methanol solutions. The average distance between Gd and protons of the water ligands was found to be about 3.1 Å for both complexes.
Generation of Carrier Suppressed Optical mm-wave Signals using Frequency Quadrupling and no Optical Filtering (2008)

This work demonstrates a novel mm-wave generation using a frequency quadrupling technique. Only one external MZM is used and no optical filter is needed. It provides a simple and inexpensive choice for WDM RoF applications.