gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
temperatures and gas atmospheres (2009)

In order to understand the transformations of the Keggin-type H4-xCsxPVMo11 (x=0,2) compounds with rising temperature over long time stream of different gas athmospheres, in situ UV/Vis/near-IR spectroscopic studies were carried out. Diffuse reflectance spectra were recorded using an improved spectrometer and a suitable microreactor. Visible and near-IR peak intensities, peak positions and the band gap energies were determined from apparent absorption spectra. Propene, iso-propanol, water and the oxidation products were analyzed by GC. The experimental observed blue shift of the visible absorption band in the range of crystal water loss and the increase of the near -IR absorption were explained on the basis of quantum-mechanical calculations of the shapes and positions of the charge transfer and d-d bands arising from Mo 5+ -Mo 6+ and V 4+ Mo 6+ pairs in intact and ill-defined fragments of the Keggin structure. It was concluded that with removal of crystal water during the action of He, He/H2O, propene, O2/propene and increasing temperature reduced species with protons located at the bridging oxygens promote a blue shift of the visible band, while a large number of ill-defined species form the near-IR part of the spectra in the temperature range 326 - 600 K.
Relating the Chondrocyte Gene Network to Growth Plate Morphology: From Genes to Phenotype (2012)

During endochondral ossification, chondrocyte growth and differentiation is controlled by many local signalling pathways. Due to crosstalks and feedback mechanisms, these interwoven pathways display a network like structure. In this study, a large-scale literature based logical model of the growth plate network was developed. The network is able to capture the different states (resting, proliferating and hypertrophic) that chondrocytes go through as they progress within the growth plate. In a first corroboration step, the effect of mutations in various signalling pathways of the growth plate network was investigated.
Formyl peptide receptor 2 and heart disease (2022)

Formyl peptide receptor type 2 (FPR2) regulates the initiation and resolution phases of the inflammatory response. In the setting of heart injury and disease, dysregulated inflammation can potentiate maladaptive healing and pathological remodeling of the heart leading to cardiac dysfunction and failure. The potential to regulate and resolve adverse inflammation is postulated to improve outcome in the setting of heart disease. This review covers emerging concepts on the role of FPR2 in heart disease and strategies to activate pro-resolution processes to limit disease progression. We summarize key preclinical studies that support use of FPR2 agonists in heart disease. Finally, we briefly discuss the status of FPR2 agonists under evaluation in the clinic.
Frontispiece: Vortex Fluidic Chemical Transformations (2017)

The recently developed vortex fluidic device (VFD) is effective in driving a remarkable diversity of chemical transformations in dynamic thin films. Benefits in using the VFD include large surface areas, high shearing rates, rapid heat and mass transfer, micromixing and fluidic pressure waves. The VFD is capable of accelerating and increasing the efficiencies of organic, materials and biochemical reactions, with access to otherwise difficult to achieve products, in providing a basis for continued evolution of the technique. For more details, see the Minireview by G. A. Weiss, C. Raston et al. on page 13270 ff.
Bacterial diversity in hyperarid Atacama Desert soils (2007)

Surface and subsurface soil samples analyzed for this investigation were collected from the hyperarid Yungay region in the Atacama Desert, Chile. This report details the bacterial diversity derived from DNA and PLFA extracted directly from these extremely desiccated soils. Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and TM7 division bacteria were detected. Ninety‐four percent of the 16S rRNA genes cloned from these soils belong to the Actinobacteria phylum, and the majority of these were most closely related to the genus Frankia . A 24‐hour water activity (a w ) time course showed a diurnal cycle that peaked at 0.52 in the early predawn hours, and ranged from 0.01–0.08 during the day. All measured water activity values were below the levels required for microbial growth or enzyme activity. Total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations were above the limit of detection and below the limit of quantification (i.e., 200 μ g/g &lt; TOC &lt; 1000 μ g/g), and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) concentrations ranged from 2 × 10 5 to 7 × 10 6 cell equivalents per gram of soil. Soil extracts analyzed for culturable biomass yielded mostly no growth on R2A media; the highest single extract yielded 47 colony forming units (CFU) per gram of soil.
Bidirectional Transmissions of 32 Channels&lt;tex&gt;$,times,$&lt;/tex&gt;10Gb/s Over Metropolitan Networks Using Linear Optical Amplifiers (2004)

This letter demonstrates bidirectional transmissions of 320 Gb/s (160 Gb/s per direction) over metropolitan networks using linear optical amplifiers (LOAs) as bidirectional inline amplifiers. The bidirectional transmissions resulted in 18.5 dB (of worst) Q factor over three spans of 40-km single-mode fiber, and 17.6 dB over four spans, thus, proving the feasibility of the LOAs as the bidirectional amplifiers.
Genetic bypass of essential RNA repair enzymes in budding yeast (2017)

RNA repair enzymes catalyze rejoining of an RNA molecule after cleavage of phosphodiester linkages. RNA repair in budding yeast is catalyzed by two separate enzymes that process tRNA exons during their splicing and <i>HAC1</i> mRNA exons during activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). The RNA ligase Trl1 joins 2',3'-cyclic phosphate and 5'-hydroxyl RNA fragments, creating a phosphodiester linkage with a 2'-phosphate at the junction. The 2'-phosphate is removed by the 2'-phosphotransferase Tpt1. We bypassed the essential functions of <i>TRL1</i> and <i>TPT1</i> in budding yeast by expressing "prespliced," intronless versions of the 10 normally intron-containing tRNAs, indicating this repair pathway does not have additional essential functions. Consistent with previous studies, expression of intronless tRNAs failed to rescue the growth of cells with deletions in components of the SEN complex, implying an additional essential role for the splicing endonuclease. The <i>trl1</i>Δ and <i>tpt1</i>Δ mutants accumulate tRNA and <i>HAC1</i> splicing intermediates indicative of RNA repair defects and are hypersensitive to drugs that inhibit translation. Failure to induce the unfolded protein response in <i>trl1</i>Δ cells grown with tunicamycin is lethal owing to their inability to ligate <i>HAC1</i> after its cleavage by Ire1. In contrast, <i>tpt1</i>Δ mutants grow in the presence of tunicamycin despite reduced accumulation of spliced <i>HAC1</i> mRNA. We optimized a PCR-based method to detect RNA 2'-phosphate modifications and show they are present on ligated <i>HAC1</i> mRNA. These RNA repair mutants enable new studies of the role of RNA repair in cellular physiology.
ARPA-E: Inspiring Energy Innovators (2016)

ARPA-E is supporting some of the best and brightest scientific minds across the country to turn aspirational ideas into tangible technology options. By presenting an ambitious energy challenge to the U.S. research and development community, ARPA-E attracts ideas from a diverse group of innovators, representing traditional and non-traditional energy backgrounds, who look to address energy challenges in new and exciting ways. Founder and CEO of Alveo Energy Dr. Colin Wessels and Co-Founder and CEO of Indoor Reality Dr. Avideh Zakhor are two ARPA-E project investigators that have made great progress, with support from the ARPA-E Tech-to-Market team, in advancing their technologies out of the lab and into the marketplace.
Integration and uses of RF Memory Tags with Smart Space Semantic Web middleware (2009)

As devices become more ubiquitous and information more pervasive, technologies such as semantic Web and space-based computing come to the fore as a platform for user-interaction with their environment. Integrating technologies such as advanced RF memory tag with mobile devices and combining this with computation platforms such as those supporting semantic Web principles provides innovative and novel applications for the user. In a way, information stored in smart spaces on RF memory tags could even create a sub-Internet of Things where users are the main information transport mechanism rather than the Internet.
Disruption of Reproductive Activity of <I>Coptotermes formosanus</I> (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) Primary Reproductives by Three Chitin Synthesis Inhibitors (2004)

Effects of the chitin synthesis inhibitors (CSIs) diflubenzuron, hexaflumuron, and lufenuron on the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, primary reproductives were studied in the laboratory. Incipient colonies were established by collecting and pairing C. formosanus alates and placing them in dishes containing an artificial diet. Three groups of 56 colonies each were fed with a diet containing 10 ppm of one of each of the CSIs and were compared with a control group fed with an untreated diet. All eggs oviposited by treated young queens failed to hatch at the end of 6 mo. Estimated queen fecundity was significantly lower in the lufenuron treatment compared with the control group. Fecundity of hexaflumuron-treated queens did not differ significantly from that of queens from the control group and the other treatments. Adult mortality was significantly higher in the diflubenzuron and lufenuron treatments than in the control group at the end of 6 mo., but not in the hexaflumuron treatment. All the pairs died within 8 mo. in the diflubenzuron and lufenuron treatments, even after treatment was suspended at the end of 6 mo. Mortality in the hexaflumuron treatment was significantly higher than in the control group by the end of 9 mo. The three CSIs tested eliminated reproduction in C. formosanus by preventing egg hatching and induced adult mortality. Possible mechanisms by which CSIs induce termite adult death are discussed.
Order-Optimal Consensus Through Randomized Path Averaging (2010)

Gossip algorithms have recently received significant attention, mainly because they constitute simple and robust message-passing schemes for distributed information processing over networks. However, for many topologies that are realistic for wireless ad-hoc and sensor networks (like grids and random geometric graphs), the standard nearest-neighbor gossip converges as slowly as flooding (O(n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) messages). A recently proposed algorithm called geographic gossip improves gossip efficiency by a √n factor, by exploiting geographic information to enable multihop long-distance communications. This paper proves that a variation of geographic gossip that averages along routed paths, improves efficiency by an additional √n factor, and is order optimal (O(n) messages) for grids and random geometric graphs with high probability. We develop a general technique (travel agency method) based on Markov chain mixing time inequalities which can give bounds on the performance of randomized message-passing algorithms operating over various graph topologies.
Spontaneous emission control by defect-free 2D photonic crystal slabs (2005)

Experimental demonstration of the inhibition and redistribution of spontaneous light emission (SE) by using defect-free 2D photonic crystal slab is reported. Detailed results using a series of two-dimensional (2D) PC slabs with a quantum well (QW) light emitter are presented.
Borage or primrose oil added to standardized diets are equivalent sources for γ‐linolenic acid in rats (1992)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different doses and sources of dietary gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) on the tissue phospholipid fatty acid composition. Rats fed four different levels of GLA (2.3, 4.6, 6.4 and 16.2 g of GLA/kg diet) in the form of either borage oil or evening primrose oil during 6 wk were compared with animals fed corn oil. The levels of dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DHLA) and GLA showed a significant dose-related increase in liver, erythrocyte and aorta phospholipids. Moreover, the arachidonic acid/DHLA ratios in tissues decreased with increasing intake of dietary GLA. There was no significant difference in tissue GLA and DHLA levels within groups given equal amounts of dietary GLA either as borage oil or evening primrose oil. The amount of dietary GLA administered did not significantly influence prostaglandin E2 production in stimulated aortic rings and thromboxane B2 levels in serum; however, an increase in prostaglandin E1 derived from DHLA was observed in the supernatants of stimulated aorta.
A Prospective, Randomized Trial of Complete Steroid Avoidance in Liver Transplantation: Follow-Up of Over 7 Years (2012)

Steroids are a mainstay in liver transplantation (OLT) for induction and maintenance immunosuppression but are associated with significant morbidity. In this trial, the efficacy of complete steroid avoidance was assessed. Patients undergoing OLT between 6/02 and 4/05 were entered into a prospective, randomized trial of complete steroid avoidance and followed until 11/11. Recipients received either standard therapy (tacrolimus, mycophenolate, steroid induction/maintenance; N=50) or complete steroid avoidance (standard therapy without steroid induction/maintenance; N=50). Suspected rejection was confirmed by biopsy and treated with pulse steroids. The analysis was performed on an intention to treat basis. The mean follow up of all recipients was 2095±117 days. Sixteen (32%) recipients randomized to no steroids ultimately received steroids for a clinical indication. Recipient and donor characteristics were similar. The incidence of diabetes and hypertension prior to or after OLT was similar as was the incidence of rejection. 1, 3, and 5-year patient and graft survival rates were lower but not statistically different between the steroid avoidance group and standard therapy (pt survival: 1yr- 80% vs 86%; 3yr- 68% vs 76%; 5yr- 60% vs 72%)(graft survival: 1yr-76% vs 76%; 3yr- 64% vs. 74%; 5yr- 56% vs 72%). Greater than 7 year follow-up revealed p values of 0.09 and 0.11 for graft and patient survival respectively when comparing steroid avoidance to standard therapy (Figure 1). Complete steroid avoidance provides liver transplant recipients with minimal benefit, while demonstrating a concerning trend toward decreased graft and recipient survival. Even with over 7 year follow-up it was difficult to see a benefit of steroid avoidance in our patients. Our data support the use of at least a short course of steroids after liver transplantation.Figure: [Graft and Patient Survival]
The SuperCam Instrument Suite on the NASA Mars 2020 Rover: Body Unit and Combined System Tests (2020)

The SuperCam instrument suite provides the Mars 2020 rover, Perseverance, with a number of versatile remote-sensing techniques that can be used at long distance as well as within the robotic-arm workspace. These include laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), remote time-resolved Raman and luminescence spectroscopies, and visible and infrared (VISIR; separately referred to as VIS and IR) reflectance spectroscopy. A remote micro-imager (RMI) provides high-resolution color context imaging, and a microphone can be used as a stand-alone tool for environmental studies or to determine physical properties of rocks and soils from shock waves of laser-produced plasmas. SuperCam is built in three parts: The mast unit (MU), consisting of the laser, telescope, RMI, IR spectrometer, and associated electronics, is described in a companion paper. The on-board calibration targets are described in another companion paper. Here we describe SuperCam's body unit (BU) and testing of the integrated instrument. The BU, mounted inside the rover body, receives light from the MU via a 5.8 m optical fiber. The light is split into three wavelength bands by a demultiplexer, and is routed via fiber bundles to three optical spectrometers, two of which (UV and violet; 245-340 and 385-465 nm) are crossed Czerny-Turner reflection spectrometers, nearly identical to their counterparts on ChemCam. The third is a high-efficiency transmission spectrometer containing an optical intensifier capable of gating exposures to 100 ns or longer, with variable delay times relative to the laser pulse. This spectrometer covers 535-853 nm ( <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mn>105</mml:mn> <mml:mtext>-</mml:mtext> <mml:mn>7070</mml:mn> <mml:mspace></mml:mspace> <mml:msup><mml:mtext>cm</mml:mtext> <mml:mrow><mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:math> Raman shift relative to the 532 nm green laser beam) with <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mn>12</mml:mn> <mml:mspace></mml:mspace> <mml:msup><mml:mtext>cm</mml:mtext> <mml:mrow><mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:math> full-width at half-maximum peak resolution in the Raman fingerprint region. The BU electronics boards interface with the rover and control the instrument, returning data to the rover. Thermal systems maintain a warm temperature during cruise to Mars to avoid contamination on the optics, and cool the detectors during operations on Mars. Results obtained with the integrated instrument demonstrate its capabilities for LIBS, for which a library of 332 standards was developed. Examples of Raman and VISIR spectroscopy are shown, demonstrating clear mineral identification with both techniques. Luminescence spectra demonstrate the utility of having both spectral and temporal dimensions. Finally, RMI and microphone tests on the rover demonstrate the capabilities of these subsystems as well.
Intrinsic admittance of unipolar double-barrier resonant-tunneling structures (1998)

Following the definition of admittance, we have performed a theoretical analysis of the total intrinsic admittance of unipolar double-barrier resonant-tunneling structures. The theory includes contributions from the tunneling currents through the barriers, as well as from the charge distribution. We have solved the problem numerically for small ac voltage amplitudes in the framework of linear response. The calculations are fully quantum mechanical in the Hartree approximation. In linear response, and at frequencies much smaller than the internal frequencies of the system, the susceptance is found to be entirely of a capacitive nature. We have studied both a symmetric and a highly asymmetric sample, with a thick second barrier at the collector side. For the symmetric sample we found that the susceptance-voltage characteristic depends strongly on both frequency and temperature. A $\ensuremath{\delta}$-shaped peak in the susceptance is found in the negative differential resistance region, where the conductance also depends strongly on frequency. For the asymmetric sample the susceptance exhibits a sharp maximum in the negative differential resistance region, although its value is smaller than that for the symmetric case. The frequency dependence of the susceptance is also found to be quite weak for the asymmetric sample.
Drying of Granular Ceramic Films: I, Effect of Processing Variables on Cracking Behavior (1993)

Drying of binder‐free granular ceramic films was studied to identify processing variables which affect their cracking behavior. Films were prepared from electrostatically stabilized suspensions of α‐alumina in water. A critical cracking thickness (CCT) was determined, above which films would spontaneously crack during drying. The effects of particle size, liquid surface tension, drying rate, dispersion stability, and sedimentation time were evaluated by a statistical design methodology. The CCT for films prepared on glass substrates was used as a measure of the effect of each variable on cracking. The statistically significant variables were particle size, dispersion stability, and sedimentation time. The effect of substrate constraint was also studied by producing films on a Teflon substrate and a pool of liquid Hg. The observations were consistent with a capillary formed tensile stress acting on the entire film rather than differential stress generated by a moisture gradient over the film thickness.
Common Kalman Filter: Fault-Tolerant Navigation for Next Generation Aircraft (1988)

Common Kalman Filter is an ongoing U.S. Air Force Avionics Laboratory program to develop, simulate. and evaluate computational techniques and software architectures that will enhance the robustness and reliability of Integrated navigation systems for the next generation of military aircraft. The project addresses four areas: filter mechanization and architecture including decentralized filtering; fault detection and isolation; system software reconfiguration strategies; and exploitation of advanced avionics technologies such as VHSIC, parallel processing and Pave Pillar data bus architectures. Problems of Kalman filter throughput, cascaded filter instability, and the high rate data interface requirements of decentralized filtering are being addressed. 

Decentralized filtering is a natural technique for tying together the many sensors of the modern navigation suite aboard the next-generation fighter. Each navigation sensor typically has been designed as a locally autonomous navigation system, with its own dedicated Kalman filter. The decentralized filter framework ideally would improve fault tolerance and fault recovery by retaining the autonomy of the filters and at the same time, preserve navigation accuracy by maintaining a central master filter with a globally optimal or near optimal solution, while enhancing throughput in a distributed processing environment. 

The decentralized, fault-tolerant filter scheme described here demonstrates the Carlson technique of trading off optimality of the master solution to gain an extra measure of fault tolerance and throughput. The small accuracy loss due to suboplimality is more than compensated by the increase in robustness of the navigation solution. The navigation sensor suite around which this is designed represents the avionics suite of the next-generation fighter aircraft, with dual inertial units, GPS, JTIDS, SIT AN, and other landmark reference sensors.
 
This paper describes the CKF design which is nearing maturity and Is currently entering a computer simulation test cycle. Approaches to sensor information requirements definition, local sensor integration/filtering, master filter modeling, and automatic fault detection/isolation and system reconfiguration are discussed. Failure modes are described which will be the basis for the evaluation of CKF failure response in subsequent simulations.
Access to the Noryohimban [6,5,6,5,6] Ring System via an Intramolecular Furan Diels—Alder Reaction. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.