gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of (MeCN)2Pd(CF3)OTs, a General Precursor to Palladium(II) Trifluoromethyl Complexes LPd(CF3)X (2019)

In palladium-catalyzed aryl–trifluoromethyl cross-coupling reactions, reductive elimination is often the rate-limiting step. Stoichiometric studies of reductive elimination have proved effective in evaluating the ability of various ligands to facilitate this challenging elementary step. However, the difficulty of synthesizing palladium trifluoromethyl complexes has hindered the use of this strategy. To address this deficiency, we herein report the synthesis of (MeCN)2Pd(CF3)OTs, an air- and moisture-stable solid that can be used as a common precursor to access various LPd(CF3)X complexes. From this complex we were able to prepare palladium trifluoromethyl complexes bearing many monophosphine, bisphosphine, and diamine ligands that are known to help facilitate Ar–CF3 and vinyl–CF3 reductive elimination. Further, we found that the anionic ligand (X) could be readily changed by modifying the NaX or AgX salt used.
Resonantly enhanced semiconductor lasers for efficient transmission of millimeter wave modulated light (1993)

External cavity semiconductor lasers with resonantly enhanced modulation response are shown to be suitable for efficient narrowband data transmission in the millimeter-wave range (35 GHz) at frequencies beyond the intrinsic modulation bandwidth of the diode. A small-signal rate equation model is presented to analyze the modulation response as well as the amplitude noise in such a resonant transmitter system. Analysis and measurements show that the relative intensity noise is also resonantly enhanced, but the signal-to-noise ratio is not degraded.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Engineering a Glucosamine-6-phosphate Responsive glmS Ribozyme Switch Enables Dynamic Control of Metabolic Flux in Bacillus subtilis for Overproduction of N-Acetylglucosamine (2018)

Bacillus subtilis is a typical industrial microorganism and is widely used in industrial biotechnology, particularly for nutraceutical production. There are many studies on the static metabolic engineering of B. subtilis, whereas there are few reports on dynamic metabolic engineering due to the lack of appropriate elements. Here, we established a dynamic reprogramming strategy for reconstructing metabolic networks in B. subtilis, using a typical nutraceutical, N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), as a model product and the glmS (encoding glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase) ribozyme as an engineering element. First, a trp terminator was introduced to effectively release the glmS ribozyme feedback inhibition. Further, we engineered the native glucosamine-6-phosphate (GlcN6P) responsive glmS ribozyme switch to dynamically control the metabolic flux in B. subtilis for overproduction of GlcNAc. With GlcN6P as a ligand, the native sensor glmS ribozyme is integrated at the 5'- of phosphoglucosamine mutase and 6-phosphofructokinase genes to decrease the flux dynamically toward the peptidoglycan synthesis and glycolysis pathway, respectively. The glmS ribozyme mutant M5 ( glmS ribozyme cleavage site AG → GG) with decreased ribozyme activity is integrated at the 5'- of glucose-6-phosphate isomerase gene to increase the flux dynamically toward the GlcNAc synthesis pathway. This strategy increased the GlcNAc titer from 9.24 to 18.45 g/L, and the specific GlcNAc productivity from 0.53 to 1.21 g GlcNAc/g cell. Since GlcN6P is involved in the biosynthesis of various products, here the developed strategy for multiple target dynamic engineering of metabolic pathways can be generally used in B. subtilis and other industrial microbes for chemical production.
Synthesis and extensive characterisation of phosphorus doped graphite (2016)

The pyrolysis of 1,2-diphosphinobenzene at 800 °C gives a P-doped graphite with P content <italic>ca.</italic> 20 at%. The material contains substitutional P-atoms, PO units and intercalated, stabilized P<sub>4</sub> molecules, which covalently bind Li as Li<sub>3</sub>P.
Qualifying Disclosures of Information (2022)

Abstract The chapter begins by setting out section 43B(1) ERA, which defines what a qualifying disclosure of information is: essentially a disclosure of information that the worker, at the time of making the disclosure, reasonably believes tends to show a relevant failure, a criminal offence, a breach of a legal obligation, a miscarriage of justice, an endangering of the health or safety of an individual, damage to the environment, or a deliberate concealment of one of those things. Key propositions are summarized. Provided that the disclosure has sufficient factual content and specificity it will not matter that it is framed as an allegation or statement of position. The importance of the context to the worker’s statement is discussed. The case law is analysed as to when statements made by a worker on separate occasions or in separate communications can be aggregated so as to form a disclosure of information. The reasonableness of the worker’s belief that there is a relevant failure has to be seen from the worker’s perspective and that includes any ‘expert’ or ‘insider’ status. The circumstances in which a statement that would otherwise qualify for protection will be disqualified are also explained.
SeaCycler: A Moored Open-Ocean Profiling System for the Upper Ocean in Extended Self-Contained Deployments (2012)

Abstract The upper ocean, including the biologically productive euphotic zone and the mixed layer, has great relevance for studies of physical, biogeochemical, and ecosystem processes and their interaction. Observing this layer with a continuous presence, sampling many of the relevant variables, and with sufficient vertical resolution, has remained a challenge. Here a system is presented that can be deployed on the top of deep-ocean moorings, with a drive mechanism at depths of 150–200 m, which mechanically winches a large sensor float and smaller communications float tethered above it to the surface and back down again, typically twice per day for periods up to 1 year. The sensor float can carry several sizeable sensors, and it has enough buoyancy to reach the near surface and for the communications float to pierce the surface even in the presence of strong currents. The system can survive mooring blowover to 1000-m depth. The battery-powered design is made possible by using a balanced energy-conserving principle. Reliability is enhanced with a drive assembly that employs a single rotating part that has no slip rings or rotating seals. The profiling bodies can break the surface to sample the near-surface layer and to establish satellite communication for data relay or reception of new commands. An inductive pass-through mode allows communication with other mooring components throughout the water column beneath the system. A number of successful demonstration deployments have been completed.
Vehicular Channels (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Radio Channel Measurements Vehicular Channel Characterization Channel Models for Vehicular Communications New Vehicular Communication Techniques References
Binding mode of 1,4-naphthoquinones at the QA-site of the reaction centre from Rhodobacter sphaeroides investigated by light-induced FTIR difference spectroscopy (2001)

Recently, methyl substituted 1,4-naphthoquinone compounds have gained substantial interest since those compounds bind tightly to the QA site of the bacterial reaction center (RC) from Rhodobacter sphaeroides enabling its functional reconstitution while retaining the native ubiquinone at QB. We reported the synthesis of 29 naphthoquinone derivatives containing different numbers of methyl groups in various positions of the ring system and a systematically altered tail structure. To investigate the binding mode of these quinones at QA we measured QA-/QA-FTIR difference spectra. In the non quinonic regions the band shapes and vibrational frequencies exhibited a high similarity for all quinones. This indicates that no larger structural changes of the binding site occur upon quinone binding. Based on the well characterized QA-/QA-FTIR difference spectra for vitamin K1 some of the quinone signals were tentatively assigned to specific vibrational modes. Accordingly, those quinones carrying methyl groups in position 6 and/or 7 exhibit asymmetric hydrogen bonds between the two quinone oxygens and the protein binding pocket in both the oxidized and the reduced form, whereas in case of vitamin K1 these hydrogen bonds become symmetric upon photoreduction. Work is in progress to assign all relevant vibrational modes of the quinones by means of isotopically labelled compounds. A detailed knowledge of the quinone spectral contributions is a prerequisite for using these naphthoquinones to elucidate the complex coupling mechanism of electron transfer, proton transfer and conformational changes in the RC protein.
Manifestation of the MHC-unrestricted killing potential of a cytotoxic T cell clone requires activation in response to MHC-restricted self-presentation of antigen (1993)

10BK.1 T clone cells of (B10 x B10.BR)F1 genotype specifically react to peptides of OVA, frequently encountered in OVA preparations, and to the synthetic peptide OVA257-264 in an H-2Kb-restricted manner; the T clone cells produce lymphokines and proliferate in the absence of added APC, suggesting self-presentation of the Ag by the T cells. In accordance with their CD8+ CD4- phenotype 10BK.1 cells exhibit cytotoxic capacity. When the target cells were pretreated with OVA257-264 only cells bearing H-2Kb molecules were lysed. However, when the relevant OVA peptide was present during the 4-h 51Cr release assay 10BK.1 cells lysed target cells expressing H-2Kb molecules as well as target cells lacking H-2Kb elements. Likewise, 10BK.1 cells pretreated with OVA257-264 for 1 h and washed extensively to remove residual Ag were able to kill syngeneic and allogeneic target cells. Killing of allogeneic targets in the presence of Ag was inhibited by antibodies directed at H-2Kb. Allogeneic target cells were not killed when 10BK.1 cells were stimulated by peptide-pulsed syngeneic cells. Triggering of the TCR/CD3 complex of 10BK.1 cells was involved during the activation phase but not during the lytic phase. IL-2 did not participate in the MHC-unrestricted killing event. To explain the observed MHC-unrestricted cytotoxicity of 10BK.1 cells, the following model is proposed. In an initial step 10BK.1 cells present the relevant OVA peptide to one another in a H-2Kb-restricted fashion. The cells are thereby triggered to mobilize the lytic machinery. In a second step sensitized 10BK.1 cells lyse allogeneic target cells. Thus, the MHC-unrestricted cytotoxicity can be dissected into an MHC-restricted phase of 10BK.1 cell activation and an MHC-unrestricted lytic phase. Cytotoxic T cells with Ag self-presentation functions may account for tissue damage during bacterial infections.
Lipid-dependent deposition of alpha-synuclein and Tau on neuronal Secretogranin II-positive vesicular membranes with age (2018)

This report demonstrates insoluble alpha-synuclein (aSYN)+ aggregates in human sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD) midbrain that are linearly correlated with loss of glucocerebrosidase (GCase) activity. To identify early protein-lipid interactions that coincide with loss of lipid homeostasis, an aging study was carried out in mice with age-dependent reductions in GCase function. The analysis identified aberrant lipid-association by aSYN and hyperphosphorylated Tau (pTau) in a specific subset of neurotransmitter-containing, Secretogranin II (SgII)+ large, dense-core vesicles (LDCVs) responsible for neurotransmission of dopamine and other monoamines. The lipid vesicle-accumulation was concurrent with loss of PSD-95 suggesting synaptic destabilization. aSYN overexpression in the absence of lipid deregulation did not recapitulate the abnormal association with SgII+ vesicles. These results show lipid-dependent changes occur with age in neuronal vesicular membrane compartments that accumulate lipid-stabilized aSYN and pTau.
Eliminating Medication Copayments for Low-Income Older Adults at High Cardiovascular Risk: A Randomized Controlled Trial (2023)

Background: One in eight people with heart disease has poor medication adherence that, in part, is related to copayment costs. This study tested whether eliminating copayments for high-value medications among low-income older adults at high cardiovascular risk would improve clinical outcomes. Methods: This randomized 2×2 factorial trial studied 2 distinct interventions in Alberta, Canada: eliminating copayments for high-value preventive medications and a self-management education and support program (reported separately). The findings for the first intervention, which waived the usual 30% copayment on 15 medication classes commonly used to reduce cardiovascular events, compared with usual copayment, is reported here. The primary outcome was the composite of death, myocardial infarction, stroke, coronary revascularization, and cardiovascular-related hospitalizations over a 3-year follow-up. Rates of the primary outcome and its components were compared using negative binomial regression. Secondary outcomes included quality of life (Euroqol 5-dimension index score), medication adherence, and overall health care costs. Results: A total of 4761 individuals were randomized and followed for a median of 36 months. There was no evidence of statistical interaction ( P =0.99) or of a synergistic effect between the 2 interventions in the factorial trial with respect to the primary outcome, which allowed us to evaluate the effect of each intervention separately. The rate of the primary outcome was not reduced by copayment elimination, (521 versus 533 events, incidence rate ratio 0.84 [95% CI, 0.66–1.07], P =0.162). The incidence rate ratio for nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, and cardiovascular death (0.97 [95% CI, 0.67–1.39]), death (0.94 [95% CI, 0.80 to 1.11]), and cardiovascular-related hospitalizations (0.78 [95% CI, 0.57 to 1.06]) did not differ between groups. No significant between-group changes in quality of life over time were observed (mean difference, 0.012 [95% CI, –0.006 to 0.030], P =0.19). The proportion of participants who were adherent to statins was 0.72 versus 0.69 for the copayment elimination versus usual copayment groups, respectively (mean difference, 0.03 [95% CI, 0.006–0.06], P =0.016). Overall adjusted health care costs did not differ ($3575 [95% CI, –605 to 7168], P =0.098). Conclusions: In low-income adults at high cardiovascular risk, eliminating copayments (average, $35/mo) did not improve clinical outcomes or reduce health care costs, despite a modest improvement in adherence to medications. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique identifier: NCT02579655.
Identification of lipid-phosphatidylserine (PS) as the target of unbiasedly selected cancer specific peptide-peptoid hybrid PPS1 (2016)

Phosphatidylserine (PS) is an anionic phospholipid maintained on the inner-leaflet of the cell membrane and is externalized in malignant cells. We previously launched a careful unbiased selection targeting biomolecules (e.g. protein, lipid or carbohydrate) distinct to cancer cells by exploiting HCC4017 lung cancer and HBEC30KT normal epithelial cells derived from the same patient, identifying HCC4017 specific peptide-peptoid hybrid PPS1. In this current study, we identified PS as the target of PPS1. We validated direct PPS1 binding to PS using ELISA-like assays, lipid dot blot and liposome based binding assays. In addition, PPS1 recognized other negatively charged and cancer specific lipids such as phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylglycerol. PPS1 did not bind to neutral lipids such as phosphatidylethanolamine found in cancer and phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin found in normal cells. Further we found that the dimeric version of PPS1 (PPS1D1) displayed strong cytotoxicity towards lung cancer cell lines that externalize PS, but not normal cells. PPS1D1 showed potent single agent anti-tumor activity and enhanced the efficacy of docetaxel in mice bearing H460 lung cancer xenografts. Since PS and anionic phospholipid externalization is common across many cancer types, PPS1 may be an alternative to overcome limitations of protein targeted agents.
Fundamental Study on Removal of Dispersed Oil Droplets by Adhesion to Hydrophilic Solid Particles. (1994)

Removal of dispersed kerosene droplets was studied using CaCO (size: 10-20μEm) and quartz (size: 5-10μm) as the hydrophilic solid particles. Amount of the droplets adhesion to the particles and enhancement of coagulation of the particles by adhered oil were examined. Adhesion to particles of unit weight was lowered with increasing addition of the particles. There was a certain correlation between the residual oil concentration and the amount of oil adhesion to particles of unit weight.Consumption of the particles was effectively decreased by reusing them. Coagulation was enhanced by oil adhesion for all particles used. Water content of the oil-bearing sludge was 30-60% after filtration.
Experimental and Analytical Study of Dot Gain Between Elastic and Deformable Drums (2013)

During the printing process on liquid electrostatically printing (LEP), liquid ink is transferred from the ink tank to the media passing through a number of drums. First, the ink is transferred to the photoconductor drum, and then the inked image is transferred to the blanket drum by electrical forces, after drying the image on blanket drum it is transferred to the paper. Most of the printed images contain mid tone areas. These areas are composed of screened dots. When a dot is transferred from the photoconductor to the blanket, the dot is squeezed and as a result, the dot size increases. This phenomenon is called dot gain. The dot approximately expanded by 10% during the transfer between the photoconductor and blanket. In this work we present analytical model that simulate dot gain phenomena, a good agreement between analytical and experimental results are shown as well.
Security management function design of computer security defence system (2010)

To solve the security defence problems of computer desktop,the base defence function is developed and the security management function is designed.Accoring to the security design requirement of computer security defence system,the security management function based on USBkey is designed.It makes up of user authority management,certification management,authentication protocol,encrypt arithmetic selection and conversation key negotiation.It solves the security management problems of computer security defence system.In running process it insures the whole security of computer security defence system.
Number of Solution States of Bradykinin from Ion Mobility and Mass Spectrometry Measurements (2011)

Ion mobility and mass spectrometry measurements have been used to examine the populations of different solution structures of the nonapeptide bradykinin. Over the range of solution compositions studied, from 0:100 to 100:0 methanol:water and 0:100 to 90:10 dioxane:water, evidence for 10 independent populations of bradykinin structures in solution is found. In some solutions as many as eight structures may coexist. The solution populations are substantially different than the gas-phase equilibrium distribution of ions, which exhibits only three distinct states. Such a large number of coexisting structures explains the inability of traditional methods of characterization such as nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and crystallography to determine detailed structural features for some regions of this peptide.
One-pot construction of nitrogen-rich polymeric ionic porous networks for effective CO2 capture and fixation (2021)

Facile preparation of ionic porous networks (IPNs) with large and permanent porosity is highly desirable for CO<sub>2</sub> capture and transformation but remains a challenge. Here we report a one-pot base-mediated construction of nitrogen-rich IPNs through a combination of nucleophilic substitution and quaternisation chemistry from H-imidazole. This strategy, as proven by the model reactions of 1<i>H</i>-imidazole or 1-methyl-1<i>H</i>-imidazole with cyanuric chloride, allows for fine regulation of porosity and physicochemical properties, leading to nitrogen-rich IPNs featuring abundant ionic units and radicals. The as-prepared networks, termed IPN-CSUs, efficiently capture CO<sub>2</sub> (80.1 cc g<sup>-1</sup> at 273 K/1 bar) with an ideal CO<sub>2</sub>/N<sub>2</sub> selectivity of 139.7. They can also effectively catalyse the cycloaddition reaction between CO<sub>2</sub> and epoxides with high yields of up to 99% under mild conditions (0.1 MPa, 298 K), suggesting their possible applications in the fields of both selective molecular separation and conversion. Unlike the previously known strategies generally involving single coupling chemistry, our strategy combining two coupling routes in one pot appears to be unique and potentially applicable to other building blocks.
New considerations for highly reliable PMOSFETs in 100 nm generation and beyond (2002)

The hot-carrier (HC) instability for surface channel PMOSFETs is investigated intensively. We found from experimental data that hot-carrier injection occurs at the channel center under the most serious stress condition of V/sub gs/=V/sub ds/ and that a physical mechanism similar to NBTI is responsible for degradation at room temperature, and confirmed from hydrodynamic simulations. We demonstrate that mechanical stress resulting from the sidewall spacer accelerates this anomalous degradation in short-channel PMOS under hot-carrier stress. We show that management of this degradation mechanism is indispensable for achieving high reliability in future generation PMOS devices.
Finite-substrate-thickness cylindrical diffractive lenses: exact and approximate boundary-element methods (1999)

A novel approach based on the boundary-element method (BEM) with exact and approximate Green’s functions is presented for the analysis of the performance of finite-substrate-thickness cylindrical diffractive lenses. This approach can be applied to the analysis of lenses with thicknesses of thousands of wavelengths for both TE and TM polarization. Multiple interference resonance effects between the upper and the lower boundaries of the lens are included. Also, for the cases when multiple interference resonance effects can be neglected, another approach based on the BEM with a modified approximate Green’s function is developed. It is shown that the latter approach corresponds to the cascaded application of the BEM as previously published [Appl. Opt.37, 34, 6591 (1998)]. To illustrate the advantages of the approaches presented, a cylindrical diffractive lens with a substrate thickness of 2 mm is analyzed. It is not possible to analyze this large-substrate-thickness lens with the previously published cascaded application of the BEM.
Vaccination strategies for the prevention of meningococcal disease (2018)

Routine prophylactic vaccination and mass vaccination strategies have been used to control both endemic and epidemic disease caused by Neisseria meningitidis globally. This review discusses real-world examples of these vaccination strategies, their implementation, and outcomes of these efforts, with the overall goal of providing insights on how to achieve optimal control of meningococcal disease through vaccination in varied settings. Tailoring immunization programs to fit the needs of the target population has the potential to optimally reduce disease incidence.