gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Real Time Integration of Reservoir Modeling and Formation Testing (2009)

Abstract The increasing complexities of newly discovered reservoirs coupled with the increasing cost structure of field development mandate significantly improved and timely work flows for reservoir evaluation. Traditional modeling workflows are typically time consuming and require well organized cross disciplinary integration between geoscientists. Such models and processes are not well suited to be used and updated during formation evaluation acquisition phases of field development. In this paper a more accessible approach is proposed and demonstrated. The existing fluids model is combined with the current geologic model to construct an accurate representation of key features of the reservoir. This model is then used to predict data for a wireline formation sampling and testing tool (WFT), with emphasis on downhole fluid analysis (DFA). In this process, current reservoir understanding is tested by direct measurement in real time. If differences are uncovered between predicted and measured log data, the WFT tool is in the well, and measurements can be made to uncover the source of the error. In this paper a workflow is demonstrated where WFT DFA and PVT lab reports were used to build a fluid model after the first exploration well data was acquired. This model was then used to predict fluid properties and WFT DFA logs for a subsequent well intersecting nominally the same compartment. These DFA predictions presumed fluid equilibrium and flow connectivity. Real-time comparisons were made of predicted and measured pressures, fluid gradients, contacts and DFA data obtained from the WFT logging run. Agreement of predicted and measured log data indicates that fluid properties and reservoir connectivities used for the modeling are correct. If predictions disagree with measurements the acquisition program can be altered in real time to ensure sufficient data is acquired to understand the reservoir model inaccuracies. During the WFT logging job, this predictive model enabled validation of critical WFT data. This process also allowed testing of the reservoir connectivity. It was discovered that either compartmentalization or lateral disequilibrium of the fluids in the reservoir exists. Interpretation of the DFA data suggested that a subtle lateral disequilibrium exists and the assumption of reservoir connectivity is supported.
Measurements of mixed harmonic cumulants in Pb–Pb collisions at sNN=5.02 TeV (2021)

Correlations between moments of different flow coefficients are measured in Pb-Pb collisions at s NN = 5.02 TeV recorded with the ALICE detector. These new measurements are based on multiparticle mixed harmonic cumulants calculated using charged particles in the pseudorapidity region || < 0.8 with the transverse momentum range 0.2 < p T < 5.0 GeV/c. The centrality dependence of correlations between two flow coefficients as well as the correlations between three flow coefficients, both in terms of their second moments, are shown. In addition, a collection of mixed harmonic cumulants involving higher moments of v 2 and v 3 is measured for the first time, where the characteristic signature of negative, positive and negative signs of four-, six-and eight-particle cumulants are observed, respectively. The measurements are compared to the hydrodynamic calculations using iEBE-VISHNU with AMPT and TRENTo initial conditions. It is shown that the measurements carried out using the LHC Run 2 data in 2015 have the precision to explore the details of initial-state fluctuations and probe the nonlinear hydrodynamic response of v 2 and v 3 to their corresponding initial anisotropy coefficients 2 and 3 .
Untersuchungen zur ringöffnenden Polymerisation der 2‐Imino‐1,3‐oxazolidine (1974)

Abstract Es wurde die ringöffnende, zu Poly(ureylenäthylen)en (Polyäthylenharnstoffen) führende Polymerisation der 2‐Imino‐1,3‐oxazolidine untersucht. Aus 3‐Phenyl‐2‐phenylimino‐1,3‐oxazolidin ( 1 ) und sauren Verbindungen ließen sich kristalline Addukte isolieren, die aber nur dann als Initiatoren für die Polymerisation von 1 wirksam waren, wenn die saure Komponente mit dem Iminostickstoff koordiniert war. Die kinetische Untersuchung der Polymerisationsreaktion ergab, daß keine Induktionsperiode auftritt und die Reaktion nach einem Zeitgesetz pseudo 1. Ordnung verläft, was für eine bimolekulare Reaktion des geschwindigkeitsbestimmenden Schritts der Polymerisationsreaktion spricht. Diese Ergebnisse ließen sich mit denen in Einklang bringen, die für die Ringöffnungsreaktion der Iminooxazolidine mit organischen Säuren im niedermolekularen Bereich gefunden wurden.
Optical properties of sol–gel glasses doped with organic molecules (1991)

The sol–gel process enables on to prepare oxide glasses at room temperature with little or no heating. By using this method, it is possible to encapsulate a wide variety of organic and organometallic molecules in the inorganic matrix. Studies of this new type of organic/inorganic composite have evolved towards two different objectives: the use of luminescent molecules as probes of the sol–gel process and the deliberate doping of organics to produce materials with specific optical properties. This review emphasizes the ability of encapsulated luminescent molecules to provide unique insights regarding local chemistry and structure during the sol–gel–xerogel transition. The second part of this review gives several examples of how organic-doped sol–gel materials are emerging as an important means of producing photonic materials.
Data from Eradication of Tumor Colonization and Invasion by a B Cell–Specific Immunotoxin in a Murine Model for Human Primary Intraocular Lymphoma (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Human primary intraocular lymphoma (PIOL) is predominantly a B cell–originated malignant disease with no appropriate animal models and effective therapies available. This study aimed to establish a mouse model to closely mimic human B-cell PIOL and to test the therapeutic potential of a recently developed immunotoxin targeting human B-cell lymphomas. Human B-cell lymphoma cells were intravitreally injected into severe combined immunodeficient mice. The resemblance of this tumor model to human PIOL was examined by fundoscopy, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and evaluated for molecular markers. The therapeutic effectiveness of immunotoxin HA22 was tested by injecting the drug intravitreally. Results showed that the murine model resembles human PIOL closely. Pathologic examination revealed that the tumor cells initially colonized on the retinal surface, followed by infiltrating through the retinal layers, expanding preferentially in the subretinal space, and eventually penetrating through the retinal pigment epithelium into the choroid. Several putative molecular markers for human PIOL were expressed &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; in this model. Tumor metastasis into the central nervous system was also observed. A single intravitreal injection of immunotoxin HA22 after the establishment of the PIOL resulted in complete regression of the tumor. This is the first report of a murine model that closely mimics human B-cell PIOL. This model may be a valuable tool in understanding the molecular pathogenesis of human PIOL and for the evaluation of new therapeutic approaches. The results of B cell–specific immunotoxin therapy may have clinical implications in treating human PIOL. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(21): 10586-93)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Probing the Brain of Comorbidity (2013)

Inherited sleep disorders might provide insights for migraine pathophysiology.
Optical SNR degradation due to stimulated Raman scattering in dual-band WDM transmission systems and its compensation by optical level management (1999)

We investigated the optical SNR penalty due to the Raman effects among WDM channels in dual-band repeated transmission, where a 5.8 dB penalty is predicted after 64-WDM 500-km transmission over SMF. We propose a penalty compensation technique and demonstrate its effectiveness.
ChemInform Abstract: Excited‐State Raman Spectroscopic Study of Bonding Changes in K3(Mn(CN)5NO) Induced by Nitrosyl Bending. (1988)

Abstract The Raman spectra in the manganese to nitrosyl CT excited electronic state is reported.
Developing Global Competence In Engineers: What Does It Mean? What Is Most Important? (2020)

A number of recent reports on the future of engineering education recommend that engineers develop "global competence." Although this term is becoming more widely used, it isn't always clear what it means. In this paper, we propose and define 13 dimensions or attributes of global competence. We report on the results of a survey of engineering educators and industry representatives on the importance of these attributes. This survey was initially conducted as part of a National Science Foundation sponsored summit on global engineering education.
Dual-wavelength cascaded Raman fiber laser (2002)

We have demonstrated a stable and tunable dual-wavelength Raman fiber laser which can be used as a pump source for hybrid type and gain controlled C- and L-band distributed Raman and lumped erbium doped fiber amplifier. A long period grating is used to suppress the gain competition between the two wavelength laser modes and prevent the high order Stokes oscillation. Intensity and wavelength tuning of the two lasing modes at 1480 nm and 1500 nm are achieved by tuning one and both of the fiber grating used in the laser cavity, respectively.
0945 Noninvasive Measurements on Physiological and Mechanical Information in Human Muscle in Viivo (2007)

The present study aimed to determine and quantify mechanical deformation during contraction and physiological motor unit distribution in human muscles in vivo for usage in computer simulation. The parameters were non-invasively measured with magnetic resonance imaging systems using Cine Tagging and Dual-TE Fast spin echo sequences. The determined local deformation as well as strain distribution differed among the local positions in muscle, both of which were dependent on architectural layout of muscle fibers and aponeurosis. Additionally, different-threshold motor units mapped in three dimensional space had local difference of the distribution density. These measured results would remarkably contribute to develop high-definition human neuro-muscular model for computer simulation.
Transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) regulates ATDC5 chondrogenic differentiation and fibronectin isoform expression (2005)

Regulated splicing of fibronectin (FN) occurs during the mesenchymal to chondrocyte transition and ultimately results in the relative enrichment of an extra domain B (EDB) exon-containing FN isoform with the suggestion that FN isoforms may play a functional role in chondrogenesis. Promotion of chondrogenesis can also be achieved by treatment with transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), which also regulates FN isoform expression. We have examined the effects of TGF-beta treatment on the assumption of the chondrogenic phenotype in the teratoma-derived cell line ATDC5 and tested whether these effects on chondrogenesis are paralleled by appropriate changes in FN isoform expression. ATDC5 cells were maintained in a pre-chondrogenic state and, in this state, treated with 10 ng/ml TGF-beta. The cells started to elaborate a matrix rich in sulfated proteoglycans, such that within the first 12 days of culture, TGF-beta1 treatment appeared to slightly accelerate early acquisition of an Alcian blue-stained matrix, and caused a dose- and time-dependent decrease in collagen type I expression; changes in collagen type II expression were variable. At later times, cells treated with TGF-beta became indistinguishable from those of the controls. Interestingly, TGF-beta treatment caused a significant dose- and time-dependent decrease in the proportion of FN containing the extra domain A (EDA) and the EDB exons. These data suggest that TGF-beta induces the early stages of chondrogenic maturation in this pre-chondrogenic line and that TGF-beta treatment increases expression of FN isoforms that lack the EDA and EDB exons.
A new intelligent power module with microprocessor compatible analog current feedback, control input, and status output signals (2002)

A new series of intelligent power modules (IPMs) designed for miniature, high performance, low power (0.1 to 1.5 kW) 240 V AC motor drives has been developed. The new IPMs contain IGBT and diode power chips, a high voltage IC and low voltage control logic in a compact isolated base module. Level shifting and charge pumping provided by the high voltage IC allows the module to be operated from a single supply referenced to the negative DC bus. The module has built in interlock logic to prevent shoot-through conditions and protection against output short-circuit, abnormal supply voltage and over temperature conditions. The module uses four separate status output lines to communicate the activation of the internal protection. Analog output current feedback signals are also provided to allow high performance control of torque and motor protection. The control inputs, status outputs and analog current feedback signals are all designed for direct connection to a microprocessor.
Absolute and relative fatigue life prediction methodology for virtual qualification and design enhancement of lead-free BGA (2005)

The semiconductor industry is driving toward lead-free solder due to environmental concern and legislation requirement. The industry has also concluded that SnAgCu solder alloy so far is the best lead-free alternative to SnPb solder. Therefore, most existing and new packages have to be tested and qualified using lead-free solder. One of the critical concerns is board level solder joint reliability during thermal cycling test. In this paper, the methodology for an absolute life prediction is described for virtual qualification of packages. A good absolute fatigue life prediction requires an appropriate solder creep model and actual test data on packages. Two new sets of lead-free Anand's constants for SnAgCu solder are introduced for creep models. These Anand's creep models are compared with other lead-free and eutectic solder model and the relative design trend is similar. A fatigue corrective factor is introduced to integrate the different solder models together for convenient relative design enhancement with acceptable range of absolute life prediction. These fatigue corrective factors can also be used to compare different finite element modeling assumptions such as element size and solution time step. Subsequently, design analysis is performed to study the effects of 11 key package dimensions and material properties. It is found that the relative design trend for packages with lead-free and eutectic solder is similar. Therefore, the design guidelines established for the previous eutectic solder is still valid for lead-free solder.
Self-organization of dislocation-free, high-density, vertically aligned GaN nanocolumns involving InGaN quantum wells on graphene/SiO2covered with a thin AlN buffer layer (2015)

We demonstrated the self-organization of high-density GaN nanocolumns on multilayer graphene (MLG)/SiO2 covered with a thin AlN buffer layer by RF-plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. MLG/SiO2 substrates were prepared by the transfer of CVD graphene onto thermally oxidized SiO2/Si [100] substrates. Employing the MLG with an AlN buffer layer enabled the self-organization of high-density and vertically aligned nanocolumns. Transmission electron microscopy observation revealed that no threading dislocations, stacking faults, or twinning defects were included in the self-organized nanocolumns. The photoluminescence (PL) peak intensities of the self-organized GaN nanocolumns were 2.0-2.6 times higher than those of a GaN substrate grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy. Moreover, no yellow luminescence or ZB-phase GaN emission was observed from the nanocolumns. An InGaN/GaN MQW and p-type GaN were integrated into GaN nanocolumns grown on MLG, displaying a single-peak PL emission at a wavelength of 533 nm. Thus, high-density nitride p-i-n nanocolumns were fabricated on SiO2/Si using the transferred MLG interlayer, indicating the possibility of developing visible nanocolumn LEDs on graphene/SiO2.
The Consideration of Different Aspects of Design of Concentric Braced Frames (CBF) according to AISC-Seismic Provisions (2006)

Note: CD ROM Reference IMAC-CONF-2006-038 Record created on 2007-08-14, modified on 2016-08-08
An Investigation of Turbine Wheelspace Cooling Flow Interactions With a Transonic Hot Gas Path—Part 1: Experimental Measurements (2010)

The desire for higher power output combined with lower fuel consumption has focused recent design and research attention on the interaction of required secondary systems cooling flows with the turbine hot gas path. The flow physics associated with the rotor-stator wheelspaces, and in particular the trench and buffer cavity areas just inboard of the hot gas path, demand an increased level of design sophistication to account for the unsteady fluid and thermal effects associated with periodic vane wakes, circumferential pressure gradients, purge flows, and blade lead edge blockages. Part 1 of this study utilizes a wheelspace sector cascade rig for the purpose of gathering fundamental data on flow and thermal effects in a nonrotating environment. This experimental rig is a simplified screening tool for the investigation of basic geometry and flow effects that maintains the bulk of the correct flow physics in the absence of rotation. The test rig is also a validation data generation device for the unsteady CFD modeling efforts described in Part 2. The present cascade is composed of a five-passage annular sector of a transonic turbine inlet guide vane, a complete sector of the upper wheelspace, buffer and trench cavities, and equivalent flow blockages for a blade row represented as leading edge cylinders. The geometry is three-dimensional including all sealing features of the wheelspace. The vane and blade rows can be clocked to any relative position. Secondary cooling flows are adjustable for the wheelspace purge flow and the leakage flow across the vane support. Detailed measurements in the form of static pressures throughout the interaction region, surface temperature distributions, and buffer cavity air temperatures are presented for various clocked positions. The circumferential pressure distribution peak-to-peak variations just aft of the vane are here as much as 18%. These variations are key to the resulting forcing of hot gas inboard of the rim seal. The blade leading edge bow wave is found to have an equal or even greater influence in generating this peak-to-peak variation than the vane trailing edge wake. Buffer cavity cooling effectiveness levels vary with the clocked positions and decrease as cylinder size is increased. Significantly, the effect of the leading edge blockage can reduce buffer cavity cooling effectiveness by a factor of 0.1.
Rapid discrimination system of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa) at metabolic level using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) based on multivariate analysis (2016)

To determine whether FT-IR spectral analysis based on multivariate analysis could be used to discriminate Chinese cabbage breeding line at metabolic level, whole cell extracts of nine different breeding lines (three paternal, three maternal and three F 1 lines) were subjected to Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). FT-IR spectral data of Chinese cabbage plants were analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA), partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA). The hierarchical dendrograms based on PLS-DA from two of three cross combinations showed that paternal, maternal, and their progeny F 1 lines samples were perfectly separated into three branches in breeding line dependent manner. However, a cross combination failed to fully discriminate them into three branches. Thus, hierarchical dendrograms based on PLS-DA of FT-IR spectral data of Chinese cabbage breeding lines could be used to represent the most probable chemotaxonomical relationship among maternal, paternal, and F 1 plants. Furthermore, these metabolic discrimination systems could be applied for rapid selection and classification of useful Chinese cabbage cultivars.
Power Handling of Electrostatic MEMS Evanescent-Mode (EVA) Tunable Bandpass Filters (2012)

This paper presents the first theoretical and experimental study on the power handling capabilities of electrostatically tunable MEMS cavity filters. The theoretical analysis indicates that the frequency-dependent RF voltage inside a narrowband filter may play an important role in the generation of electromechanical nonlinearities such as frequency response distortion, frequency shift, and bifurcation instability. This analysis also reveals that the filter's power handling capability is dependent on several critical factors, including the capacitive gap, stiffness of the diaphragm actuator, and the overall quality factor ( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Q</i> ) of the evanescent-mode (EVA) resonators. A nonlinear computer-aided design (CAD) model is proposed as a practical tool for capturing the important tradeoffs in high-power design. An EVA tunable resonator and a two-pole 2% filter are fabricated and measured as vehicles to validate the theory and the CAD model. Specifically, a medium-power filter with a tuning range of 2.35-3.21 GHz (1.37:1) and an extracted unloaded quality factor ( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Qu</i> ) of 356-405 shows measured power levels of 23.4 dBm (0.22 W) before bifurcation instability occurs. The measured IIP3 of this filter are 52.1 dBm. The theory and modeling, backed up by the measurements, provide significant insights into the high-power design of electrostatic tunable cavity filters.
An Effective Spatial Modulation Based Scheme for Indoor VLC Systems (2022)

We propose an enhanced spatial modulation (SM)-based scheme for indoor visible light communication systems. This scheme enhances the achievable throughput of conventional SM schemes by transmitting higher order complex modulation symbol, which is decomposed into three different parts. These parts carry the amplitude, phase, and quadrant components of the complex symbol, which are then represented by unipolar pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) symbols. Superposition coding is exploited to allocate a fraction of the total power to each part before they are all multiplexed and transmitted simultaneously, exploiting the entire available bandwidth. At the receiver, a two-step decoding process is proposed to decode the active light emitting diode index before the complex symbol is retrieved. It is shown that at higher spectral efficiency values, the proposed modulation scheme outperforms conventional SM schemes with PAM symbols in terms of average symbol error rate (ASER), and hence, enhancing the system throughput. Furthermore, since the performance of the proposed modulation scheme is sensitive to the power allocation factors, we formulated an ASER optimization problem and propose a sub-optimal solution using successive convex programming (SCP). Notably, the proposed algorithm converges after only few iterations, whilst the performance with the optimized power allocation coefficients outperforms both random and fixed power allocation.
High energy mid-IR OPCPA at 7 µm with 2 µm pump (2015)

A novel class of high energy ultrafast OPCPA system at 7 µm, pumped by an optically synchronized and Tm:fiber pumped 2 µm picosecond Ho:YLF CPA system, delivers mJ-level pulses supporting a sub-4 optical cycle duration.