gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High density Hybrid Switched Capacitor Sigma Converter for Data Center Applications (2022)

The 48 V bus architecture has become a wide-spread standard in modern Data Centers, due to the increasing power demands of digital loads. This trend demands low-profile, high-density server board solutions able to efficiently step down the input distribution bus to the digital rails. Intermediate Bus Converters (IBCs) are required to step-down the 48 V input voltage for the VRM: this stage is facing an always-decreasing core voltage, and benefits from lower intermediate voltage in terms of efficiency and device reliability. In this scenario, high-step-down solutions with regulation capability could become the best choice for the IBC, being able to provide a stable rail for the VRM. In this paper, a novel regulated Hybrid Switched Capacitor Sigma converter is proposed for this purpose. This new architecture features the Sigma connection of a high-efficiency, non-isolated converter (HSC) with a buck converter. With this approach, high-step down and regulation can coexist with high efficiency and power density, as shown with a 750 W, 8 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> brick module providing a regulated 5.1 V output with high bandwidth.
White Light Source Exited by Laser Diodes (2013)

We developed the compact high brightness white light source based on the nitride semiconductor blue laser diodes (LDs) with yellow phosphor materials. The blue laser light from the LD is focused on yellow phosphor by optical lens. As a result, the white light is obtained by mixing the blue laser light and the yellow light of phosphors excited by blue laser light. The luminous flux and the luminance were 250lm and 270cd/mm2 at the operating current of 1.2A. This high luminance is 2.5 times higher than conventional HID lump.
Biosynthetic response and mechanical properties of articular cartilage after injurious compression (2001)

Traumatic joint injury is known to produce osteoarthritic degeneration of articular cartilage. To study the effects of injurious compression on the degradation and repair of cartilage in vitro, we developed a model that allows strain and strain rate-controlled loading of cartilage explants. The influence of strain rate on both cartilage matrix biosynthesis and mechanical properties was assessed after single injurious compressions. Loading with a strain rate of 0.01 s(-1) to a final strain of 50% resulted in no measured effect on the cells or on the extracellular matrix, although peak stresses reached levels of about 12 MPa. However, compression with strain rates of 0.1 and 1 s(-1) caused peak stresses of approximately 18 and 24 MPa, respectively, and resulted in significant decreases in both proteoglycan and total protein biosynthesis. The mechanical properties of the explants (compressive and shear stiffness) were also reduced with increasing strain rate. Additionally, cell viability decreased with increasing strain rate, and the remaining viable cells lost their ability to exhibit an increase in biosynthesis in response to low-amplitude dynamic mechanical stimulation. This latter decrease in reparative response was most dramatic in the tissue compressed at the highest strain rates. We conclude that strain rate (like peak stress or strain) is an important parameter in defining mechanical injury, and that cartilage injuriously compressed at high strain rates can lose its characteristic anabolic response to low-amplitude cyclic mechanical loading.
Desorption Electrospray Ionization: Achieving Rapid Sampling Rates (2009)

The sampling rate and imaging capabilities of desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) are examined using a rotating sample platform combined with Hadamard transform time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HTTOFMS), a multiplexed time-of-flight technique that allows for millisecond acquisition of full mass-to-charge ratio scans. DESI-compatible dyes are used to produce spatially defined sample patterns on poly(methyl methacrylate) discs. Control of disk rotation rate sets the residence time of the sample spots in the DESI plume, and thus the sampling rate. Surface patterns of alternating analytes are spectrally resolved up to 80 samples/s and single-analyte spots up to 50 samples/s. The rapid movement of the surface under the DESI plume allows for high DESI solution flow rates without blurring the chemical information on the surface. Data from multiple rotations can be additively combined, generating a chemical image of the surface with improved signal-to-noise characteristics. This multipass data enables analysis of the rising and falling edges of the analyte signal, placing a lower limit on both the temporal resolution of DESI and the maximum achievable sampling rate. Multipass analysis is proposed as a method for DESI surface imaging.
Use of the Fluid Challenge in Critically Ill Adult Patients: A Systematic Review (2017)

The fluid challenge (FC) aims at identifying patients in whom fluid administration improves hemodynamics. Although the FC has been extensively studied, the implementation and definition of improvement are not standardized. This systematic review of studies published between January 1, 1994 and December 31, 2014 characterizes these key components of the FC for critically ill adult patients, as described in the medical literature in the last 20 years. A literature search was performed using MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane. For each study, data were collected on study design, study size, study setting, patient population, and how the FC was administered. Eligibility criteria for FC were (1) the infusion of a definite quantity of fluid, (2) of a specific type, (3) in a fixed time period (expressed as either span or infusion rate), (4) with a defined hemodynamic variable as the target, and (5) for a predetermined threshold. One hundred fifty-seven full-text manuscripts were extracted from 870 potentially relevant studies. The inclusion criteria were met by 71 studies including 3617 patients. Sixty-six studies were from a single center and 45 were prospective observational in format. The most common amount infused was 500 cc, used by 55 (77.5%) studies. The most commonly infused fluids were colloids (62.0%). In 43 (60.5%) studies, the FC was administered between 20 and 30 minutes. A positive response to fluid administration was defined as an increase ≥15% of cardiac index or cardiac output in 44 (62.6%) studies. Static or dynamic physiologic indices were utilized in a minority of studies (16.9%) and safety limits for interrupting the FC are adopted in 4 (5.6%) studies only. This systematic review indicates that the FC most commonly consists in infusing 500 mL of crystalloids or colloids in 20-30 minutes, and considered an increase in cardiac index ≥15% as a positive response. However, definite standards for FC administration and evaluation remain undefined.
Rapid and Inexpensive Detection of Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis with the Nitrate Reductase Assay Using Liquid Medium and Direct Application to Sputum Samples (2008)

ABSTRACT For rapid and low-cost detection of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis , we applied the nitrate reductase assay (NRA) using a liquid medium directly to sputum samples. A total of 179 sputum samples were analyzed by the NRA, and results were compared to those obtained by the indirect proportion method (IPM) as a standard reference. Out of 144 specimens for which comparable results were available, only one discrepant result was obtained: MDR by NRA but susceptible by the IPM. In total 56% of the results were obtained in 10 days by the NRA. NRA performed in liquid medium is rapid and inexpensive and can be easily implemented in low-income countries.
Preparation of multilayered porous alumina hollow spheres by anodization of Al particles (2020)

Multilayered porous hollow spheres were obtained by the periodic anodization of small Al particles in different electrolytes and subsequent selective etching. The periodic anodization of small Al particles in concentrated H2SO4 and oxalic acid generated oxide layers on their surface with a periodically modulated solubility in the thickness direction. Hollow spheres composed of multilayered porous alumina shells were prepared by the subsequent etching of residual Al and the oxide layers formed in concentrated H2SO4. The resulting multilayered hollow spheres had a large specific surface area originating from their unique geometrical structure and are expected to find use in various applications such as catalysts, sensors, and drug carriers.
Effect of Oleic Acid Derived Noion Type Surfactants on Male Flower Browning of Cryptomeria japonica. (2011)

オレイン酸およびオレイン酸誘導体非イオン系界面活性剤 (対照区 (水), ジグリセロールトリオレート5%, グリセロールジオレート5%, グリセロールモノオレート5%, ペンタエリスリトールジオレート5%, ソルビタン脂肪酸トリエステル (16, 18, 18: 1, 18: 2, 18: 3) 5%, オレイン酸5%, ソルビタントリオレート5%) をスギに散布処理し, 雄花に対する選択的褐変効果を評価した。供試した界面活性剤はいずれもスギ雄花に対する選択的褐変効果を有しており, ソルビタントリオレートはその高い褐変効果を示した。供試した界面活性剤のHLB値 (親水–親油バランス) が低いほど, スギ雄花の褐変に及ぼす影響が大きく, いずれの界面活性剤処理でも,スギ雄花からのエチレン生成が抑制された。これらのオレイン酸誘導体非イオン系界面活性剤処理は, 今後, スギ花粉飛散防止技術として実用化が期待される。
Impact of the Electro-Optical Modulator on CAPS Code Dispersion Tolerance (2007)

This paper shows numerically and experimentally how the characteristics of the employed DPSK transmitter affect the generation of a 1-CAPS code. This study also compares the performance of a DFB laser modulated by a dual drive Mach-Zehnder modulator operating in push-pull mode to obtain a pi-modulation depth, with the performance of a linear phase modulator.
An Improved EPA-Based Receiver Design for Uplink LDPC Coded SCMA System (2022)

Sparse code multiple access (SCMA) is an emerging paradigm for efficient enabling of massive connectivity in future machine-type communications (MTC). In this letter, we conceive the uplink transmissions of the low-density parity check (LDPC) coded SCMA system. Traditional receiver design of LDPC-SCMA system, which is based on message passing algorithm (MPA) for multiuser detection followed by individual LDPC decoding, may suffer from the drawback of the high complexity and large decoding latency, especially when the system has large codebook size and/or high overloading factor. To address this problem, we introduce a novel receiver design by applying the expectation propagation algorithm (EPA) to the joint detection and decoding (JDD) involving an aggregated factor graph of LDPC code and sparse codebooks. Our numerical results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed EPA based JDD receiver over the conventional Turbo receiver in terms of both significantly lower complexity and faster convergence rate without noticeable error rate performance degradation.
Visual Analytics Challenges (2009)

Most of the research on osteoporosis has concentrated on the etiology of the decrease in bone mass. One of several important factors is bone fragility. Genetic and racial factors are important but are modified by environmental factors such as dietary calcium, body weight, and physical activity. Methods of bone mass measurement currently available show some overlap between bone mass in osteoporotic patients who have sustained fractures and normal persons without fractures. However, these methods do have a predictive value in determining a person's risk of future fractures (in the spine or elsewhere).
Development and Analysis of a Wire-Based Robot With Twin Direct-Drive Motor System (2010)

In this paper, a sensorless wire rope tension control is introduced and analyzed to implement a wire-based robot with twin direct-drive motor system. Two of the same direct-drive motors are required and connected by wire rope mechanism. In the controller design, dual disturbance observers with respect to two control modes, namely the common mode and the differential mode are designed and applied for control of motion and wire rope tension. The wire rope tension in the common mode is controlled in order to regulate the mechanical bandwidth of the system. From the identification results, the high-tension of wire rope system is obtained a high mechanical bandwidth in the robot systems. The disturbance observer-based eliminates the need for the tension sensors, and may also be used to achieve the precise velocity and position control with the vibration-free performance in the differential mode. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by experimental results. It is shown that the high frequency responses are obtained by using high-tension of wire rope. The control performance may improve during the robot operation and, therefore, it is useful to compensate for the vibration effect.
Genome-wide analysis of cervical secretions obtained during embryo transfer reveals the association between deoxyribonucleic acid methylation and pregnancy outcomes (2021)

The methylation profiles of cervical secretions were associated with pregnancy outcomes in embryo transfer cycles. Although not clinically useful at present, deoxyribonucleic acid methylation in cervical secretions may shed new light on the less invasive assessment of endometrial receptivity.
NEW PROCESS FOR THERMOCHEMICAL HYDROGEN PRODUCTION (1976)

Abstract A new water splitting process, “Sb–I Process”, was proposed from the simple search method. This process consists of three reactions which proceed to an acceptable degree.
Sinc Interpolation of Nonuniform Samples (2011)

It is well known that a bandlimited signal can be uniquely recovered from nonuniformly spaced samples under certain conditions on the nonuniform grid and provided that the average sampling rate meets or exceeds the Nyquist rate. However, reconstruction of the continuous-time signal from nonuniform samples is typically more difficult to implement than from uniform samples. Motivated by the fact that sinc interpolation results in perfect reconstruction for uniform sampling, we develop a class of approximate reconstruction methods from nonuniform samples based on the use of time-invariant lowpass filtering, i.e., sinc interpolation. The methods discussed consist of four cases incorporated in a single framework. The case of sub-Nyquist sampling is also discussed and nonuniform sampling is shown as a possible approach to mitigating the impact of aliasing.
Investigation of Laplace Barriers for Arrayed Electrowetting Lab-on-a-Chip (2014)

Partial-post Laplace barriers have been postulated as a means to allow electrowetting transport and geometrical reshaping of fluids, followed by the preservation of fluid geometry after the electrowetting voltage is removed. Reported here is the first investigation of Laplace barriers with the arrayed electrodes and splitting/merging transport functions for an electrowetting lab-on-a-chip. Laplace barriers optimized for 500 × 500 μm(2) electrodes and 78 μm channel height are shown to provide geometrical control of fluid shape down to radii of curvature of ~70 μm. The Laplace barriers increase the splitting volume error, but with proper electrical control, the average error in the split volume is reduced to 5%. Improved programmable fluid storage in droplets or reservoirs and continuous channel flow are also shown. This work confirms the potential benefits of Laplace barriers for lab-on-a-chip and also reveals the unique challenges and operation requirements for Laplace barriers in lab-on-a-chip applications.
Aneurysmal Bone Cysts in Children: Complications of Fibrosing Agent Injection (2004)

A high rate of major local and general complications was encountered with use of direct fibrosing agent injection; the technique has been abandoned for treatment of ABCs.
High field characteristics of insulators in the micrometric regime relevant to field emission displays (2002)

In large area FEDs, solid-insulating spacers must be used to provide mechanical support between the cathode and anode electrodes. The insulation consideration for this spacer is complicated in the light of the operational environment of FEDs: electron bombardment, outgassing, and the elevated operational temperature of the device. The spacer technologies for FEDs need to be fully investigated. This paper will address issues related to the prebreakdown and breakdown characteristics of spacers, which bridge the vacuum gaps formed between thin film metal electrodes. In this study, the FEA cathode and the phosphor anode are represented by thin-film metal electrodes. The results presented here will provide useful information for spacer design in FEDs.
Meta-analysis of the cumulative risk of endometrial malignancy and systematic review of endometrial surveillance in extended tamoxifen therapy (2018)

Extended adjuvant tamoxifen is associated with an increase in endometrial cancer. No clear benefit has been shown for routine endometrial surveillance in asymptomatic patients on tamoxifen therapy.
Comparison of the effects of compression plates and external fixators on early bone-healing. (1984)

We used two mechanically dissimilar devices, compression bone-plates and unilateral-frame external fixators, in a standard canine osteotomy model; both methods were highly successful in achieving mature bone union. Bone union was studied by histological, physiological, and biomechanical means. At 120 days after injury, union was biomechanically less mature on the external fixator side. These tibiae had less intracortical new-bone formation (p less than 0.01), more bone resorption (p less than 0.045), and more bone porosity (p less than 0.04) when compared with paired tibiae that had been treated with compression plates. This higher level of bone turnover on the external fixator side was accompanied by an increase in blood flow (measured by clearance of 85Sr) (p less than 0.04). At the osteotomy site, pre-experimental or unlabeled bone and porosity were greater on the external fixator side and endosteal new-bone formation was greater on the plated side. Since the in vitro stiffness of the external fixator was less in all modes tested (compression, distraction, torsion, and anteroposterior bending) except lateral bending, it may be that the rigidity of the fixation is an important factor in early bone-remodeling of a healing osteotomy.
Effect of Socioeconomic Status and Ethnicity on Glycemic Control in Arab and Jewish Youth with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (2018)

Both Arab and Jewish children failed to meet HbA1c goals, but this effect was significantly greater for Arabs. Ethnicity remained a predictor of failure even following adjustment for potential confounders.
<title>Interactive exploration of acquired 3D data</title> (2000)

The goal of our image-based rendering group is to accurately render scenes acquired from the real world. To achieve this goal, we capture scene data by taking 3D panoramic photographs from multiple locations and merge the acquired data into a single model from which real-time 3D rendering can be performed. In this paper, we describe our acquisition hardware and rendering system that seeks to achieve this goal, with particular emphasis on the techniques used to support interactive exploration.
Spatial and Temporal Dependence of Diffusion in Polystyrene Thin Films on Silicon and Carbon Surfaces (2000)

The strong inhibition of chain diffusion in thin polystyrene (PS) films has been observed near an attractive silicon surface, and diffusion remains inhibited out to distances of several radii of gyration from the surface. The present study seeks to determine the time dependence of the diffusion coefficient, and to examine the effect of a carbon surface on this diffusion. The sputter-deposited carbon surface may serve as a model for carbon-black particles employed in nanocomposites, which have recently been observed to reduce diffusion throughout a nanocomposite layer. The experiments employed a thin (∼15 nm) deuterated polystyrene (dPS) marker layer sandwiched between two normal PS layers. Deuterium profiles were monitored in the annealed samples by secondary ion mass spectrometry. Strong segregation was observed at the silicon surface, but was inhibited at the carbon surface, allowing the diffusion behaviour to be studied in the latter case over longer annealing times. A finite-element computer program was developed to fit the observed diffusion profiles. The variation of the diffusion coefficient with depth is shown to be consistent with previous results, and diffusion is comparable at both the carbon and silicon surfaces. The diffusion coefficient decreases roughly in proportion to t −1/2 , and is discussed in the context of reptation theory.
Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathies: A Pathologic, Biochemical, and Genetic View (2003)

Amyloid deposition can take place in the walls of arteries, arterioles, and, less often, capillaries and veins of the central nervous system, a phenomenon known as cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). The major clinicopathological manifestations of CAA include cerebral hemorrhage, ischemic lesions, and dementia. CAA may be classified according to the amyloid protein deposited. In the most common form, sporadic CAA, and in CAA related to sporadic Alzheimer disease (AD). A beta deposition is characteristic. CAA can also be severe in variants of familial AD caused by mutations of the amyloid-beta precursor protein or presenilin-1 genes in which deposition of A beta variants and/or wild-type A beta occurs. Other amyloid proteins involved in familial CAAs include 1) the mutant cystatin C (ACys) in hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis of Icelandic type, 2) variant transthyretins (ATTR) in meningo-vascular amyloidoses, 3) mutated gelsolin (AGel) in familial amyloidosis of Finnish type, 4) disease-associated prion protein (PrP(Sc)) in a variant of the Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker syndrome, and 5) ABri and ADan in CAAs observed in the recently described BRI2 gene-related dementias, familial British dementia and familial Danish dementia, respectively. This review addresses issues related to the correlation between morphology, biochemistry, and genetics, and briefly discusses both the pathogenesis and animal models of CAAs.
Reduced order design of active suspension control (2003)

The presence of fast and slow modes in suspension systems is utilized in the design of two reduced-order active suspension-control strategies. The first strategy is obtained by combining the solutions of slow and fast control subproblems. The second strategy is based on a two-level hierarchical control design. In spite of their simplified structure, simulation results indicate that their performance is comparable to that of the full-state-feedback design.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Peripheral blood T lymphocytes and lymphocytes infiltrating human cancers express vascular endothelial growth factor: a potential role for T cells in angiogenesis. (1995)

CD3+ peripheral blood T lymphocytes were evaluated for expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), an endothelial cell mitogen and potent angiogenic factor. VEGF mRNA expression was confirmed in CD3+ cells and Jurkat cells, a human T-cell line, by reverse transcription-PCR and in CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subtypes by Northern blot hybridization. Steady-state levels of VEGF mRNA were inducible in CD3+ T cells by hypoxia, a known inducer of VEGF mRNA accumulation. Secreted VEGF was detected in CD4+ and CD8+ T cell- and Jurkat cell-conditioned medium, indicating that T lymphocytes are capable of exporting bioactive concentrations of VEGF into the extracellular space. Human prostate and bladder cancers (prostatic adenocarcinoma and transitional cell carcinomas) were evaluated for VEGF mRNA expression by in situ hybridization. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), identifiable immunocytochemically as T cells, along with tumor cells in these cancers, expressed VEGF mRNA. TIL in bladder cancers could be labeled with a specific anti-VEGF mAb, indicating that TIL are likely to be able to secrete VEGF protein in situ at bioactive concentrations. The finding that peripheral T cells and TIL in human tumors synthesize a factor known to be a specific mediator of neovascularization suggests a role for T lymphocytes as cellular effectors of angiogenesis.