gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New 6-substituted bile acids: physico-chemical and biological properties of 6 alpha-methyl ursodeoxycholic acid and 6 alpha-methyl-7-epicholic acid. (1994)

New analogs of ursodeoxycholic acid and 7-epicholic acid containing a 6 alpha-methyl group were synthesized, and their physico-chemical properties were studied and compared with those of their natural analogs. The 6 alpha-methyl group slightly increases the lipophilicity and slightly lowers the critical micellar concentration with respect to the corresponding natural analogs. Simulated bile 50% enriched with 6 alpha-methyl ursodeoxycholic acid, with a total bile acid/phospholipid ratio of 10/1, demonstrated a higher cholesterol-holding capacity and a faster cholesterol gallstone dissolution rate with respect to ursodeoxycholic acid, while 6 alpha-methyl-7-epicholic acid and 7-epicholic acid were much less efficient in these processes. The 6 alpha-methyl analogs were highly stable toward 7-dehydroxylation when incubated with human stool in anaerobic conditions. Their transport, metabolism, and effect on biliary lipid secretion were evaluated both in rats and hamsters after acute intravenous and intraduodenal infusion at a dose of 10 mumol/min per kg. In both species, 6 alpha-methyl ursodeoxycholic acid is efficiently secreted in bile, with a cumulative recovery similar to that of ursodeoxycholic acid. The only metabolites of 6 alpha-methyl ursodeoxycholic acid identified were its glycine and taurine amidated forms. 6 alpha-Methyl-7-epicholic acid was efficiently secreted into bile when infused intravenously, and to a lesser extent when infused intraduodenally, in both rats and hamsters; it was secreted in bile as amidate and also as free acid. When 6 alpha-methyl ursodeoxycholic acid, 6 alpha-methyl-7-epicholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, and 7-epicholic acid were chronically administered to hamsters (for 3 weeks, at a dose of 50 mg/kg per day) their accumulation in gallbladder bile was, respectively, 25.1%, 4.0%, 15.2%, and 3.4% of the total bile acids. In conclusion, of the two analogs, only 6 alpha-methyl ursodeoxycholic acid shows potential as a cholesterol gallstone-dissolving agent. In this regard, its most important properties are moderate lipophilicity, good metabolic stability, and better conservation in the enterohepatic circulation, with respect to ursodeoxycholic acid.
Structure–Function Relationships for Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy-Active Plasmonic Paper (2016)

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a powerful tool for the specific, rapid, and nondestructive detection of small molecules. For detection applications, it is desirable to develop means for synthesizing SERS substrates that provide large and consistent Raman enhancement, are inexpensive and simple to synthesize, and are active for a wide variety of molecules. Here we demonstrate that nanoparticle colloids (ranging in size from 5 to 100 nm) that are purposely aggregated using electrolytes can be stabilized in the solid state using common filter paper. The SERS substrate enhancement factor (EF) is characterized using trans-1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene, and it is observed that an intermediate aggregation state provides the largest substrate EF of ∼3 × 104. Generalized Mie theory is used to investigate the relationship between nanoparticle aggregation extent, cluster geometry, and plasmonic enhancement. Overall, the electrodynamics simulations are in good agreement with experimental EF values and provide a framework for understanding which aggregate structures provide the best enhancement (linear aggregates). The approach outlined here for stabilizing and characterizing deliberately aggregated plasmonic nanoparticles is general and provides a consistent means for testing the SERS substrate properties of nanoparticle colloids that are stabilized in the solid state.
Placement of Linked Dynamic Data Structures over Heterogeneous Memories in Embedded Systems (2015)

Software applications use dynamic memory (allocated and deallocated in the system's heap) to handle dynamism in their working conditions. Embedded systems tend to include complex memory organizations but most techniques for dynamic memory management do not deal with the placement of data objects in physical memory modules. Additionally, the performance of hardware-controlled cache memories may be severely hindered when used with linked data structures. We therefore present a methodology to map dynamic data on the multilevel memory subsystem of embedded systems, taking advantage of any available memories (e.g., on-chip SRAMs) and avoiding interference with the cache memories. The resulting data placement uses an exclusive memory model and is compatible with existing techniques for managing static data. Our methodology helps the designer achieve reductions in energy consumption and execution time that can be obtained by an expert in an automated way while keeping control over the process through multiple configuration knobs.
SLITRK1-mediated noradrenergic projection suppression in the neonatal prefrontal cortex (2022)

SLITRK1 is an obsessive-compulsive disorder spectrum-disorders-associated gene that encodes a neuronal transmembrane protein. Here we show that SLITRK1 suppresses noradrenergic projections in the neonatal prefrontal cortex, and SLITRK1 functions are impaired by SLITRK1 mutations in patients with schizophrenia (S330A, a revertant of Homo sapiens-specific residue) and bipolar disorder (A444S). Slitrk1-KO newborns exhibit abnormal vocalizations, and their prefrontal cortices show excessive noradrenergic neurites and reduced Semaphorin3A expression, which suppresses noradrenergic neurite outgrowth in vitro. Slitrk1 can bind Dynamin1 and L1 family proteins (Neurofascin and L1CAM), as well as suppress Semaphorin3A-induced endocytosis. Neurofascin-binding kinetics is altered in S330A and A444S mutations. Consistent with the increased obsessive-compulsive disorder prevalence in males in childhood, the prefrontal cortex of male Slitrk1-KO newborns show increased noradrenaline levels, and serotonergic varicosity size. This study further elucidates the role of noradrenaline in controlling the development of the obsessive-compulsive disorder-related neural circuit.
Abstract 5174: Utilization of Cell free messenger RNA Sequencing for non-invasive molecular profiling of multiple myeloma and Acute Myeloid Leukemia (2022)

Abstract Background and Aims: Hematologic malignancies account for approximately 10% of all cancers in the US. In order to improve the treatment and outcome of patients with hematologic malignancies, integration of accurate noninvasive molecular biomarkers to diagnose, monitor therapeutic response and identify disease subtype are critical. Recent advances in next generation sequencing (NGS) have accelerated the utilization of circulating nucleic acids for the development of non-invasive disease biomarkers. We have developed an RNA-Seq platform that allows robust quantification of the circulating cell-free messenger RNA (cf-mRNA) whole transcriptome. Here, we conducted cf-mRNA profiling on plasma samples collected from multiple myeloma and acute myeloid leukemia patients to investigate the feasibility of cell-free transcriptomic profiling as a monitoring tool for hematologic malignancies following bone marrow transplantation and therapeutic treatment. Methods: We performed cf-mRNA RNA-Sequencing on 96 longitudinally collected plasma samples from 3 multiple myeloma and 3 acute myeloid leukemia patients. Cf-mRNA profiles of patients were evaluated using GTEx (tissue type) and Blueprint (cell type), and dysregulation of gene-expression signatures were assessed following bone marrow transplantation and therapeutic treatment. In addition, we sequenced corresponding whole blood cells and buffy coat for comparison. Results: Plasma cf-mRNA profiling showed substantially higher proportion of transcripts from megakaryocyte and non-hematopoietic cells relative to whole blood cellular transcripts, suggesting that the molecular profile of cf-mRNA is more suitable for the assessment of gene-expression dysregulation of bone marrow than whole blood. We further report that non-invasive cf-mRNA profiling captures gene-expression alterations of cancer patients following chemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation. And we observed dysregulation of hematopoietic lineage-specific transcripts in circulation during bone marrow ablation and reconstitution. Lastly, we used cf-mRNA profiling to identify a malignant Ig clone for multiple myeloma patients and were able to monitor bone marrow reconstitution. Conclusions: We demonstrated that cf-mRNA profiling is an effective means to non-invasively assess molecular characteristics that are associated with multiple clinical parameters of hematological malignancies. Our study highlights the potential of cf-mRNA Seq as a platform to develop patient monitoring biomarkers for hematologic malignancies. Citation Format: Shusuke Toden, David A. Ross, Stephen R. Quake, John J. Sninsky. Utilization of Cell free messenger RNA Sequencing for non-invasive molecular profiling of multiple myeloma and Acute Myeloid Leukemia [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 5174.
Slip Casting and Electrophoretic Deposition of Suspensions of Alumina and Zirconia Fine Particles. (2000)

Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) usually requires the use of non-aqueous colloidal suspensions, to avoid the problems of void formation by the electrolysis of H2O. Recently, we found that no voids were formed in the deposit prepared by aqueous suspension using a palladium. The preparation and characteristics of suspensions are important for factors such as deposition rate, zeta potential, and particle size distribution. Experimental results showing the effect of washing on the stability and EPD for aqueous and non-aqueous suspensions of as-received zirconia (3 mol% Y2O3 doped tetragonal ZrO2: Tosoh TZ3Y) and four kinds of alumina fine particles are presented here. The zeta potential and, hence, suspension stability, of TZ3Y-ethanol system were increased by washing. As a result, EPD rate increased dramatically from the as-received condition. There were no significant beneficial effects of washing on the aqueous system, indicating a much greater sensitivity to ionic contaminants in an ethanol suspension especially for the TZ3Y. Green densities prepared by EPD using aqueous suspensions were higher than those by EPD using ethanol suspensions and similar to those by slip casting using aqueous suspensions.
Network coding for three unicast sessions: Interference alignment approaches (2010)

We propose interference alignment techniques, originally developed for wireless interference channels, for the problem of network coding across unicast sessions. We describe two general approaches (namely, coding at the edge or in the middle of the network) and one specific example of each approach (namely, symbol extension method and ergodic alignment, respectively). We discuss the conditions for feasibility of alignment and their relation to network structure. We also compare alignment to alternative approaches. For three unicast sessions with min-cut one, we show that whenever alignment is possible, alternative approaches can also achieve half the min-cut. However, for more than three sessions and/or for min-cut per session greater than one, we show examples where alignment is necessary.
ON-LINE THERMAL BARRIER COATING MONITORING FOR REAL-TIME FAILURE PROTECTION AND LIFE MAXIMIZATION (2002)

Under the sponsorship of the U. S. Department of Energy's National Energy Laboratory, Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation proposes a four year program titled, ''On-Line Thermal Barrier Coating (TBC) Monitor for Real-Time Failure Protection and Life Maximization,'' to develop, build and install the first generation of an on-line TBC monitoring system for use on land-based advanced gas turbines (AGT). Federal deregulation in electric power generation has accelerated power plant owner's demand for improved reliability availability maintainability (RAM) of the land-based advanced gas turbines. As a result, firing temperatures have been increased substantially in the advanced turbine engines, and the TBCs have been developed for maximum protection and life of all critical engine components operating at these higher temperatures. Losing TBC protection can therefore accelerate the degradation of substrate components materials and eventually lead to a premature failure of critical component and costly unscheduled power outages. This program seeks to substantially improve the operating life of high cost gas turbine components using TBC; thereby, lowering the cost of maintenance leading to lower cost of electricity. Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation has teamed with Indigo Systems, a supplier of state-of-the-art infrared camera systems, and Wayne State University, a leading research organization in the field of infrared non-destructive examination (NDE), to complete the program.
Electrical characterization of thin film ferroelectric capacitors (2006)

Tunable capacitors can be used to facilitate the reduction of components in wireless technologies. The tunability of the capacitors is caused by the sensitivity of the relative dielectric constant to a change in polarization with electric field. Thin film ferroelectric MIM capacitors on silicon offer a re-use of electronic circuitry, low tuning voltages, a high capacitance density, a low cost, a presence of bulk acoustic wave resonance(s) and decoupling functionality. The basic operation and measurement principles are outlined. To assess the performance in the microwave frequency range, MIM test structures1, with a barium strontium titanate dielectric, have been successfully processed, and measured. The electrical characterization of tunable capacitors is demonstrated using a 1-Port Advantest R3767CG VNA in the frequency range of 10 MHz – 8 GHz.
Human interactome of the influenza B virus NS1 protein (2017)

NS1 proteins of influenza A and B viruses share limited sequence homology, yet both are potent manipulators of host cell processes, particularly interferon (IFN) induction. Although many cellular partners are reported for A/NS1, only a few (e.g. PKR and ISG15) have been identified for B/NS1. Here, affinity-purification and mass spectrometry were used to expand the known host interactome of B/NS1. We identified 22 human proteins as new putative targets for B/NS1, validating several, including DHX9, ILF3, YBX1 and HNRNPC. Consistent with two RNA-binding domains in B/NS1, many of the identified factors bind RNA and some interact with B/NS1 in an RNA-dependent manner. Functional characterization of several B/NS1 interactors identified SNRNP200 as a potential positive regulator of host IFN responses, while ILF3 exhibited dual roles in both IFN induction and influenza B virus replication. These data provide a resource for future investigations into the mechanisms underpinning host cell modulation by influenza B virus NS1.
Leukocyte dependence of platelet adhesion in postcapillary venules (2004)

Reperfusion of ischemic tissues results in development of a proinflammatory, prothrombogenic phenotype, culminating in the recruitment of leukocytes and platelets within postcapillary venules. Recent studies have indicated an interdependence of platelet and leukocyte adhesion, suggesting that heterotypic blood cell interactions may account for postischemic platelet recruitment. The objectives of this study were to 1) determine whether ischemia-reperfusion (I/R)-induced platelet recruitment is leukocyte dependent and 2) quantify the contributions of leukocytes and endothelial cells in this platelet recruitment. Intravital microscopy was used to monitor the recruitment of fluorescently labeled platelets in postcapillary venules of the small intestine after 45-min ischemia and 4-h reperfusion. To assess the leukocyte dependence of platelet adhesion, platelets from wild-type mice were infused into mice deficient in neutrophils and/or lymphocytes and mice deficient in key leukocyte adhesion molecules (CD18 and ICAM-1). These antileukocyte strategies resulted in significantly reduced platelet recruitment. Simultaneous visualization of platelets and leukocytes enabled quantification of leukocyte-dependent and endothelium-dependent platelet adhesion. It was observed that in wild-type animals 74% of I/R-induced platelet adhesion was a result of platelet-leukocyte interactions. Although the majority of adherent platelets were associated with leukocytes, <50% of adherent leukocytes were platelet bearing, suggesting that not all adherent leukocytes support platelet adhesion. These results are consistent with leukocytes playing a major role in supporting I/R-induced platelet adhesion.
Analytical Formulation for Loop Antennas Valid from the RF to Optical Regime: A Review (2019)

Loop antennas are among one of the simplest antennas to construct. Yet, despite this fact, the mathematical complexity of the associated radiation integrals has complicated the understanding and modelling of such structures. Recently, a full analytical theory for the radiation properties of loop antennas has been derived, which is able to bridge this gap and provide a basis for better understanding the behavior of these antennas across all frequency ranges. Further, these models have been extended to include the effects of loading and coupling, as well as have revealed interesting properties such as superdirectivity by enabling rapid parametric studies and optimizations to be carried out.
Generating 3D depletion distribution in an achromatic single-channel monolithic system (2016)

Recent developments have shown that conical diffraction by a biaxial crystal can create a vortex beam for use in 2D STED microscopy. It has been shown that this concept can be extended and also generate the depletion distributions used for 3D STED microscopy. A single beam passes through a biaxial crystal that creates two co-propagating, co-localized beams; the first one is used for lateral depletion, and the other one for axial depletion. The two beams are crossed-polarized and thus do not interfere. We will show that the 3D distribution can be made achromatic, i.e. several depletion wavelengths can travel through a common path and still be shaped into the appropriate pattern by optimizing the geometry of the system. This system enables true one-channel 3D depletion at multiple wavelengths ranging from 580nm to 770nm, thus covering most of the conventional depletion wavelengths currently used. Preliminary results of depletion PSFs will be presented and the advantages and limitations of this system will be discussed as well as the experimental considerations required to successfully obtain the desired PSFs.
Q-Learning-based Adaptive Power Management for IoT System-on-Chips with Embedded Power States (2018)

This paper introduces an Adaptive Power Management (APM) hardware module based on reinforcement learning techniques. The APM provides power consumption optimization during the suspend state of an Internet-of-Things (IoT) System-on-Chip (SoC) with 8 embedded power states. A Q-Learning algorithm with a counter-based exploration policy has been chosen and implemented. A complete analysis has been performed to properly define the parameters of the algorithm and characterize the proposed solution. A hardware implementation is also shown and introduces the APM design and simplification made for an Ultra Low Power hardware. This solution gives a long term average gain of 17% of power consumption during the system suspend time.
Elevated levels of soluble P-selectin in mice alter blood-brain barrier function, exacerbate stroke, and promote atherosclerosis (2009)

Abstract Cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Soluble P-selectin (sP-selectin) is a biomarker for platelet/endothelial activation and is considered a risk factor for vascular disease. sP-selectin enhances procoagulant activity by inducing leukocyte-derived microparticle production and promotes activation of leukocyte integrins. However, it is not known whether it directly contributes to vascular complications. We investigated the effect of increased levels of sP-selectin on blood-brain barrier (BBB) function, stroke outcome, and atherosclerosis by comparing wild-type mice with P-selΔCT/ΔCT mice in which the endogenous P-selectin gene was replaced with a mutant that produces abnormally high plasma levels of sP-selectin. P-selΔCT/ΔCT mice presented several abnormalities, including (1) higher BBB permeability, with 25% of the animals showing differential permeability between the right and left hemispheres; (2) altered social behavior with increased aggression; (3) larger infarcts in the middle cerebral artery occlusion ischemic stroke model; and (4) increased susceptibility to atherosclerotic, macrophage-rich lesion development in both male and female mice on the apoE−/− genetic background. Thus, elevated sP-selectin is not only a biomarker for vascular disease, but also may contribute directly to atherosclerosis and cerebrovascular complications.
Results of heart transplantation by extending recipient selection criteria. (1994)

From November 1985 to July 1993, 29 out of 241 patients (12%) who underwent heart transplantation (HTx) at our institution had one or more "classical" contraindications to HTx: age > or = 60 years (20 patients); insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (5 patients); irreversible renal failure requiring combined heart-kidney transplantation (2 patients); previous surgery for malignancy (1 patient); familial hypercholesterolemia (1 patient) and active systemic infection (1 patient). The main indication for HTx was ischemic cardiomyopathy (21 patients, 61%). Immunosuppression regimen consisted of Cyclosporine and Azathioprine, oral prednisone being subsequently added in 6 patients because of persistent rejection. There were 2 perioperative deaths and one late death. Follow-up ranged from 1 to 88 months (mean, 28 +/- 20) with an actuarial survival at 5 years of 85 +/- 8%. Annual cardiac catheterization demonstrated normal graft function and coronary arteries in all. No significant differences in survival, incidence of rejection and infection, renal function and duration of hospitalization were found when these patients were compared with those with no contraindications to HTx. In conclusion, HTx can be performed with good early clinical results in selected patients with "classical" contraindications to HTx; longer follow-up, however, is needed to confirm whether extension of the recipient selection criteria justified.
Real-time Phase Recovery of Biological Cell in Digital Holographic Microscopy by Use of a Self-Calibration Hologram (2006)

We demonstrate in Digital Holographic Microscopy a self-calibration hologram method allowing aberrations compensation and a real-time biological cell phase recovery by using a single hologram without adjustment of any parameters.