gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Foaming and emulsifying properties of soy protein isolate and hydrolysates in skin and hair care products (1998)

Abstract There is a growing market for formulating proteins into a wide variety of products including laundry detergents, bath products, shampoos, and skin cleansers. Soy protein isolate (SPI), soy protein hydrolysate A (SPHA) from papainmodified SPI, and hydrolysate B from papain‐ and proteasemodified SPI were used in blends with three major detergents, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), sodium laureth sulfate (SLS), and disodium lauryl sulfosuccinate (DSLSS). SPHA was used to partially replace these detergents in bath soap, conditioning shampoo, and cream hand cleanser. The effectiveness of SPI, SPHA, or SPHB blends with the three detergents and their influence in prototype products on foaming and emulsifying properties were investigated. At a blending ratio of 75% detergents and 25% proteins (75∶25), the foaming capacities (FC) were the same as detergents alone without adding proteins (100∶0); at 50∶50 blending ratio, FC values were not significantly reduced for blends with SDS and SLS; and at 25∶75 ratio the FC values were significantly lower, especially for blends with DSLSS. When replacing up to 100% of the major detergents in the skin and hair care products with SPHA, FC values remained almost unchanged except for hand cleanser FC values, which were lower at higher protein content (75 and 100%). In contrast with FC performance, emulsion stability (ES) values for all products increased with increasing soy protein content. Furthermore, FC and ES values for detergents blended with SPHA or SPHB were not significantly different from each other, but these values were always higher than those for detergents blended with SPI. Products in which soy protein or soy protein hydrolysates were used to partially replace detergents not only retained excellent foaming properties but also exhibited enhanced emulsifying properties. These results indicate that modified soy proteins may be used in laundry and cosmetic products to fulfill market demand.
Surface Studies of Nuclear Waste Glasses (1999)

GLASS is the matrix of choice of every major country involved with long-term management of high-level radioactive waste (HLW). There are many reasons why glass is preferred. Among the most important considerations is the ability of glass structures to accommodate and immobilize the many different types of constituents present in HLW, and to produce a product that not only has excellent technical properties, but also processes good processing features.
Left ventricular resynchronization therapy in a canine model of left bundle branch block (2002)

Positive responses to left (LV) and biventricular (BV) stimulation observed in heart failure patients with left bundle branch block (LBBB) suggest a possible mechanism of LV resynchronization. An anesthetized canine LBBB model was developed using radio frequency ablation. Before and after ablation, LV pressure derivative over time (dP/d t) and aortic pulse pressure (PP) were assessed during normal sinus rhythm with right ventricle (RV), LV, or BV stimulation combined with four atrioventricular delays in six dogs. In three more dogs, M-mode echocardiograms of septal and LV posterior wall motion were obtained before and after LBBB and during LV stimulation. LBBB caused QRS widening and hemodynamics deterioration. Before ablation, stimulation alone worsened LV dP/d t and PP. After ablation, LV and BV stimulation maximally increased LV dP/d t by 16% and PP by 7% ( P &lt; 0.001), whereas little improvement was observed during RV stimulation. M-mode echocardiogram showed that LBBB resulted in a paradoxical septal wall motion that was corrected by LV stimulation. In conclusion, LV and BV stimulation improved cardiac function in a canine LBBB model via resynchronization of LV excitation and contraction.
Delay evaluation of 90nm CMOS multi-context FPGA with shift-register-type temporal communication module for large-scale circuit emulation (2008)

For large-scale circuit emulation with using a multi-context FPGA (MC-FPGA), a circuit is divided into multiple sub-circuits, each sub-circuit is assigned to a context., and the MC-FPGA sequentially executes all the contexts one by one. So, the total execution delay is the sum of the delays of the contexts. It is, therefore, said that the total execution delay of the MC-FPGA increases proportional to the number of contexts used. However, in this paper, we show that the total execution delay remains constant if a shift-register-type temporal communication module (SRTCM) is used instead of D-FlipFlop (D-FF) to implement sequential circuits. The SR-TCM is used not only for signal communication of sequential circuit like D-FF, but also for signal communication from preceding context to succeeding contexts. In order to quantify the delay, a MC-FPGA named Flexible Processor (FP), which contains the SR-TCM, have been designed and fabricated in 90nm CMOS process technology. From the measurement results, the total execution delay of the FP was kept constant regardless of the number of contexts used.
Immunotherapy for Conformational Diseases (2006)

The seminal finding that immunization with amyloid-beta 1-42 in Alzheimer's disease (AD) mouse model prevented formation of and/or cleared amyloid plaques has led to numerous studies exploring related approaches for AD and other conformational degenerative disorders. While clinical trials in AD patients were discouraging because of serious side effects, this approach remains promising in light of recent findings in animal models, in which refinements aimed at reducing potential adverse reactions continue to lead to cognitive improvements. In addition to AD and its models, this type of therapy has primarily been assessed in prion disease with positive results, further supporting the potential of immunotherapy for a variety of protein-related diseases in which clearance of the pathogenic agent is likely to alleviate symptoms.
Synthesis of 14,20-Bis-epi-1α,25-dihydroxy-19-norvitamin D3 and Analogues (1999)

14,20-Bis-epi-1α,25-dihydroxy-19-norvitamin D3 and side chain analogues thereof have been synthesised via the 14,20-bis-epi-Inhoffen–Lythgoe diol 9. The synthesis of this precursor was performed via degradation of vitamin D2 and by total synthesis starting from Hajos–Wiechert ketone 24.
Demonstration of photonic neural network for fiber nonlinearity compensation in long-haul transmission systems (2020)

We demonstrate the experimental implementation of photonic neural network for fiber nonlinearity compensation over a 10,080 km trans-pacific transmission link. Q-factor improvement of 0.51 dB is achieved with only 0.06 dB lower than numerical simulations.
Formation and Surface Behavior of Pt and Pd Complexes with Ligand Systems Derived from Nitrile‐functionalized Ionic Liquids Studied by XPS (2022)

We studied the formation and surface behavior of Pt(II) and Pd(II) complexes with ligand systems derived from two nitrile-functionalized ionic liquids (ILs) in solution using angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ARXPS). These ligand systems enabled a high solubility of the metal complexes in IL solution. The complexes were prepared by simple ligand substitution under vacuum conditions in defined excess of the coordinating ILs, [C<sub>3</sub> CNC<sub>1</sub> Im][Tf<sub>2</sub> N] and [C<sub>1</sub> CNC<sub>1</sub> Pip][Tf<sub>2</sub> N], to immediately yield solutions of the final products. The ILs differ in the cationic head group and the chain length of the functionalized substituent. Our XPS measurements on the neat ILs gave insights in the electronic properties of the coordinating substituents revealing differences in donation capability and stability of the complexes. Investigations on the composition of the outermost surface layers using ARXPS revealed no surface affinity of the nitrile-functionalized chains in the neat ILs. Solutions of the formed complexes in the nitrile ILs showed homogeneous distribution of the solute at the surface with the heterocyclic moieties preferentially orientated towards the vacuum, while the metal centers are rather located further away from the IL/vacuum interface.
ChemInform Abstract: CONVENIENT STEREOSELECTIVE SYNTHESES OF THE THREE ISOMERIC 2,6‐OCTADIENES (1980)

Abstract 1,5‐Hexadiin (I) liefert die Methylierungsprodukte (IIa) und (IIb).
Metawaveguide for Asymmetric Interferometric Light-Light Switching (2016)

Light-light switching typically requires strong nonlinearity where intense laser fields route and direct data flows of weak power, leading to a high power consumption that limits its practical use. Here we report an experimental demonstration of a metawaveguide that operates exactly in the opposite way in a linear regime, where an intense laser field is interferometrically manipulated on demand by a weak control beam with a modulation extinction ratio up to approximately 60 dB. This asymmetric control results from operating near an exceptional point of the scattering matrix, which gives rise to intrinsic asymmetric reflections of the metawaveguide through delicate interplay between index and absorption. The designed metawaveguide promises low-power interferometric light-light switching for the next generation of optical devices and networks.
Recording gene expression order in DNA by CRISPR addition of retron barcodes (2021)

ABSTRACT Biological processes depend on the differential expression of genes over time, but methods to make physical recordings of these processes are limited. Here we report a molecular system for making time-ordered recordings of transcriptional events into living genomes. We do this via engineered RNA barcodes, based on prokaryotic retrons 1 , which are reverse-transcribed into DNA and integrated into the genome using the CRISPR-Cas system 2 . The unidirectional integration of barcodes by CRISPR integrases enables reconstruction of transcriptional event timing based on a physical record via simple, logical rules rather than relying on pre-trained classifiers or post-hoc inferential methods. For disambiguation in the field, we will refer to this system as a Retro-Cascorder.
Potential of sub-micron-sized Fe-Co particles for antenna applications (2012)

High frequency properties of (a) as-synthesized and (b) flattened by ball milling Fe-based alloys particles and their potential as antenna materials is reported. The high frequency properties of Fe-Co nanoparticles exhibited a resonance peak in the range of a few gigahertz (GHz), and the resonance peak shifted to a higher region for decreasing particle size. However, magnetic permeability was not high enough to be used as high performing electromagnetic wave absorbers. On the other hand, the permeability of Fe-Ni particles at 1 GHz was 2.5 and the magnetic loss was 0.36. However, permeability was enhanced to a value of more than 3 and the magnetic loss decreased by more than half, when the dispersibility and planular aggregates were realized through ball milling. Additional experiments suggested that the particle aggregation had greater influence in the high frequency properties than the composition and magnetic properties. Similarly, when Fe50Co50 particles were also subjected to ball milling, their magnetic loss decreased below the values achieved by Fe-Ni and suggested the possibility of becoming a potential candidate for antenna applications.
Wafer-level testing of inverse-designed and adjoint-inspired vertical grating coupler designs compatible with DUV lithography (2021)

Perfectly vertical grating couplers have various applications in optical I/O such as connector design, coupling to multicore optical fibers and multilayer silicon photonics. However, it is challenging to achieve perfectly vertical coupling without simultaneously increasing reflection. In this paper, we use the adjoint method as well as an adjoint-inspired methodology to design devices that can be fabricated using only a single-etch step in a c-Si 193 nm DUV immersion lithography process, while maintaining good coupling and low reflection. Wafer-level testing of devices fabricated by a pilot line foundry confirms that both design paradigms result in state-of-the-art experimental insertion loss (&lt;2 dB) and bandwidths (∼20 nm) while having only moderate in-band reflection (&lt;−10 dB). Our best design has a (median) 1.82 dB insertion loss and 21.3 nm 1 dB-bandwidth.
Role of diffusion in biocatalytic polytransesterification (2001)

Abstract The solvent‐free enzyme‐catalyzed polytransesterification of divinyl adipate and 1,4‐butanediol yielding high molecular‐weight polyesters was studied. This heterogeneous system is characterized by initial exothermicity, a 10 4 ‐fold increase in viscosity, and complex kinetics involving parallel reactions and variable reaction volumes. Herein a semitheoretical analysis of solvent‐free polytransesterification was developed to further refine understanding of the role of diffusion, especially how molecular weight and poly‐dispersity evolve during solvent‐free biocatalytic polytransesterification. The evolution of polydispersity observed during the polymerization was attributed to diffusion, and there‐fore internal diffusion limitations were assessed experimentals. The analysis denzon‐strated that the system is initially under weak diffusional control, which is strengthened by the initial exothermicity of the reaction. At molecular weights over 5,000 Da, the system experienced severe mass‐transfer resistance due to chain entanglements. Reduced erizyme specificity with increasing chain length, enzyme deactivation, and vinyl hydrolysis dampen the diffusional constraints toward the end of the polymerization such that the system could return to slight diffusional or kinetic control on exceeding molecular weights of 20,000 Da.
Exploring the Role of Bromine at C(10) of (+)-4-[2-[4-(8-Chloro-3,10-dibromo- 6,11-dihydro-5H-benzo[5,6]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyridin-11(R)-yl)-1-piperidinyl]-2- oxoethyl]-1-piperidinecarboxamide (Sch-66336):  The Discovery of Indolocycloheptapyridine Inhibitors of Farnesyl Protein Transferase (2002)

The 10-bromobenzocycloheptapyridyl farnesyl transferase inhibitor (FTI) Sch-66336 (1) is currently under clinical evaluation for the treatment of human cancers. During structure-activity relationship development leading to 1, 10-bromobenzocycloheptapyridyl FTIs were found to be more potent than analogous compounds lacking the 10-Br substituent. This potency enhancement was believed to be due, in part, to an increase in conformational rigidity as the 10-bromo substituent could restrict the conformation of the appended C(11) piperidyl substituent in an axial orientation. A novel and potent class of FTIs, represented by indolocycloheptapyridine Sch-207758 [(+)-10a], have been designed based on this principle. Although structural and thermodynamic results suggest that entropy plays a crucial role in the increased potency observed with (+)-10a through conformational constraints and solvation effects, the results also indicate that the indolocycloheptapyridine moiety in (+)-10a provides increased hydrophobic interactions with the protein through the addition of the indole group. This report details the X-ray structure and the thermodynamic and pharmacokinetic profiles of (+)-10a, as well as the synthesis of indolocycloheptapyridine FTIs and their potencies in biochemical and biological assays.
Voltage Source Converter Control under Distorted Grid Voltage for Hybrid AC-DC Distribution Links (2019)

Back-To-Back (B2B) Voltage Source Converter (VSC) with AC-side LCL filters can be adopted for parallel AC-DC distribution links. In this paper, Grid-side Current Control (GCC) for the inner/fast control loops of the front- and backend power electronics are implemented in order to enhance the system performance against grid disturbances. Herein, a notch filter-based GCC scheme with a harmonic rejection control is proposed which is able to deliver attenuation to the LCL filter resonances while suppressing the harmonics in the grid-side currents originated when the AC voltages are distorted. The results obtained in MATLAB/SIMULINK and an experimental prototype show that the studied GCC method can successfully mitigate the influence of grid voltage harmonics, while providing a stable power control for the hybrid AC-DC distribution links.
Estradiol regulation of the human retinoic acid receptor alpha gene in human breast carcinoma cells is mediated via an imperfect half-palindromic estrogen response element and Sp1 motifs. (1995)

Estrogen receptor (ER)-positive human breast carcinoma (HBC) cell lines express significantly higher levels of retinoic acid receptor alpha (RAR alpha) (isoform 1) mRNA than ER-negative HBCs. Estradiol enhances RAR alpha mRNA expression in different ER-positive HBCs by 2-3-fold, which in turn results in increased sensitivity of ER-positive HBCs to the growth inhibitory effects of retinoic acid. To investigate the regulatory mechanisms of estradiol-mediated enhancement of RAR alpha mRNA expression, the functional promoter for the human RAR alpha isoform 1 was cloned and used to assess estradiol-mediated promoter-dependent enhancement of firefly luciferase reporter gene activity in transiently transfected ER-positive (MCF-7 and T47D) and ER-negative (MDA-MB-231) HBCs. Deletional promoter constructs were obtained to further delineate the promoter region responsible for estradiol-mediated enhancement of promoter activity. Here, we present evidence that approximately 130 bp of the promoter fragment preceding the transcriptional start site are responsible for estradiol-mediated enhancement of hRAR alpha gene expression. The estradiol-mediated enhancement is dependent on ER binding. Further deletional analysis showed that a promoter sequence of 42 base pairs, located approximately 100 bases upstream of the transcriptional start site, contains elements for estradiol-mediated enhancement. Specific deletion of either the Sp1 motif or mutations in the imperfect half-palindromic estrogen response element motif of this fragment abolish its estradiol responsiveness in transient transfections.
Charge-Mediated Fragmentation (2016)

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy’s Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.
Site selective oxidation of tricyclo[3.3.1.13,7]decane (adamantane) and some of its derivatives using fungi of the genus Absidia (1996)

Tricyclo [3.3.1,l3,7]decane 1a has been converted into 1-hydroxytricyclo [3.3.1.13.7] decane 1b, tricyclo[3.3.1.13.7]decane-1,4ax-diol 4b, tricyclo[3.3.1.13.7]decane-1,3-diol 3b and to a lesser extent, 2-hydroxytricyclo [3.3.1.13,7] decane 4a (20 to 40% overall yield) using the microorganisms Absidia glauca(IMI 239693), A. cylindrospora(IMI 342950), A. spinosa(IMI 193887), A. spinosa var, biappendiculata(IMI 238610) and A. cylindrospora var, nigra(IMI 240053) as biocatalysts. In addition, A. cylindrospora(IMI 342950) converted tricyclo[3.3.1.13.7]decane-l-carboxylic acid 1c into 4axhydroxytricyclo [3.3.1.13.7] decane-1-carboxylic acid 4c with almost complete regioselectivity. Tricyclo [3.3.1.13.7] decane derivatives 1 d–g were used as biohydroxylation substrates with A. cylindrospora(IMI 342950), giving selective biohydroxylation at the 4ax- and/or the 3-position. The 4ax-selectivity was confirmed by X-ray crystal structure determinations of 4b, 4c and 4j.
Active resonator using comb-shaped defected ground structure with negative resistance (2015)

A design for a new active resonator with gain using a comb-shaped defected ground structure (DGS) with a negative resistance is presented. The negative resistance is realized using a single transistor coupled between two separated parts of the DGS. This negative resistance is realized on a separate circuit-board layer that is attached to the DGS. It is used to compensate for the insertion loss of the resonator. An HFSS-ADS co-simulation is used to combine the electromagnetic structure as well as all parasitic effects along with the behavior of the active circuitry. The design consists of a single resonating element with a center frequency of 2.93 GHz, 3-dB bandwidth of 137 MHz, simulated noise figure of 4.9 dB, and 3.48 dB of gain. The results from the simulation are presented along with the measured response. A good agreement is observed between the results.
Vaccines to Prevent Meningitis: Historical Perspectives and Future Directions (2021)

Despite advances in the development and introduction of vaccines against the major bacterial causes of meningitis, the disease and its long-term after-effects remain a problem globally. The Global Roadmap to Defeat Meningitis by 2030 aims to accelerate progress through visionary and strategic goals that place a major emphasis on preventing meningitis via vaccination. Global vaccination against <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> type B (Hib) is the most advanced, such that successful and low-cost combination vaccines incorporating Hib are broadly available. More affordable pneumococcal conjugate vaccines are becoming increasingly available, although countries ineligible for donor support still face access challenges and global serotype coverage is incomplete with existing licensed vaccines. Meningococcal disease control in Africa has progressed with the successful deployment of a low-cost serogroup A conjugate vaccine, but other serogroups still cause outbreaks in regions of the world where broadly protective and affordable vaccines have not been introduced into routine immunization programs. Progress has lagged for prevention of neonatal meningitis and although maternal vaccination against the leading cause, group B streptococcus (GBS), has progressed into clinical trials, no GBS vaccine has thus far reached Phase 3 evaluation. This article examines current and future efforts to control meningitis through vaccination.
Phase Quantization Effects on the Radiation of MEMS-Based Reconfigurable Reflectarrays (2012)

International audience
The fabrication of through-wafer interconnects in silicon substrates for ultra-high-vacuum atom-optics cells (2008)

This paper describes a new method for fabricating through-wafer interconnects in atom trapping chips used in ultra-high-vacuum atom-optics cells for Bose–Einstein condensation (BEC) experiments. A fabrication process was developed which uses copper electroplating to seal the vias. The advantages of using feedthrough atom trapping chips are the simple microfabrication process and the reduction of the overall chip area bonded to the glass atom trapping cell. The results demonstrate that 11 A current can be conducted through the vias while the vacuum can be held under 4 × 10−11 Torr at room temperature. The yield rate of fabricated via interconnects in this process after anodic bonding (requires heating to 425 °C) is 97%.