gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Corrosion resistance and microstructure of nitrogen plasma source ion implanted bearing steel (2002)

Summary form only given. The feasibility of plasma source ion implantation (PSII) treatments for metal corrosion protection of bearing steel (52100) in humid environments has been investigated, following successful results with aluminum alloy (6061). The bearing steel coupons have been treated by nitrogen PSII with a statistically designed range of processing conditions, including stage bias implant voltage, and dose. The corrosion properties of the implanted samples were tested using aerated distilled water (72, 168, and 720 hours), 90/spl deg/F, 90% RH air (24, 120, 816, and 1464 hours), and a nitric acid soak. The results are compared favorably with 440C stainless steel, and 52100 steel with nitrogen and argon recoil-implanted chromium. Evidence is seen for an optimal process contour (low voltage-high dose; high voltage-low dose). Results from microstructure analysis are also presented.
Highly Active, Nonprecious Electrocatalyst Comprising Borophene Subunits for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (2017)

Developing nonprecious hydrogen evolution electrocatalysts that can work well at large current densities (e.g., at 1000 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>: a value that is relevant for practical, large-scale applications) is of great importance for realizing a viable water-splitting technology. Herein we present a combined theoretical and experimental study that leads to the identification of α-phase molybdenum diboride (α-MoB<sub>2</sub>) comprising borophene subunits as a noble metal-free, superefficient electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Our theoretical finding indicates, unlike the surfaces of Pt- and MoS<sub>2</sub>-based catalysts, those of α-MoB<sub>2</sub> can maintain high catalytic activity for HER even at very high hydrogen coverage and attain a high density of efficient catalytic active sites. Experiments confirm α-MoB<sub>2</sub> can deliver large current densities in the order of 1000 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>, and also has excellent catalytic stability during HER. The theoretical and experimental results show α-MoB<sub>2</sub>'s catalytic activity, especially at large current densities, is due to its high conductivity, large density of efficient catalytic active sites and good mass transport property.
ANALYSIS OF HV-PULSES FROM KRYTRON AND RELAY PULSERS (1984)

Direct pulse-height analysis is applied to investigate the amplitude and pulse-height distribution of HV-pulses produced by krytron and relay pulsers as commonly used in field ion microscopes equipped with an atom-probe. The functions Vpulse height (Vpulser charging voltage) are derived for both the pulser types. Pulse-heighf fluctuations typical for these pulsers are described.
A Cubesat-Ready Phase Synchronization Digital Payload for Coherent Distributed Remote Sensing Missions (2021)

Distributed antenna arrays, fractionated payloads and cooperative platforms can provide unprecedented performance in the next generation of spaceborne communications and remote sensing systems. Remote phase synchronization of physically separated oscillators is the first step towards a coherent operation of distributed systems. This work shows the preliminary results of a TDD remote phase synchronization algorithm with a master-follower architecture. Herein, we describe the implementation and validation of the proposed algorithm. The implementation has been conducted in a Cubesat-ready software defined radio and validated at the end-to-end satellite communications testbed available at the University of Luxembourg.
Nano‐Localized Heating Source for Photonics and Plasmonics (2013)

Gold nanorods embedded in a cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) enable control of both the “selective reflection” of the CLC and the “plasmonic resonance” of near infrared radiation, thus allowing realization of a bridging between photonics and plasmonics in these materials. These results open up the detection of nanoscale temperature variations, with possible future application in nanomedicine. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Bubble inductors: Pneumatic tuning of a stretchable inductor (2017)

From adaptive matching networks in power systems to channel selectable RF filters and circuitry, tunable inductors are fundamental components for circuits requiring reconfigurability. Here we demonstrate a new continuously tunable inductor based on physically stretching the inductor traces themselves. Liquid-metal-based stretchable conductors are wrapped around a pneumatic bubble actuator, allowing the inductor to be collapsed or expanded by application of pressure. In vacuum the bubble collapses, bringing the loop area to nearly zero, while positive pressure brings a dramatic increase in area and loop inductance. Using this approach, the inductor demonstrated in this work was able to achieve a tuning ratio of 2.6 with 1-2 second response time. With conductors available that can stretch by hundreds of percent, this technique is promising for very large tuning ratios in continuously tunable inductors.
Evaluating different ways of managing forested landscapes (2012)

People want many different things from forests, such as timber, old growth trees, wildlife habitat, protection of water supplies, and a place for recreation. Individual people and groups often prioritise one or more of these outcomes; for example, environmental groups may see wildlife habitat as most important while people associated with the timber industry may prioritise timber production. In many parts of the world these different expectations for forests have resulted in social conflict. This is certainly the case in Australia, where there has been conflict between environmental and forest industry groups since the 1970s or earlier (Dargavel 1995). Reports of protests and delayed forestry operations are common, and more than one election outcome has been attributed to protest against government policy on forestry.
Biomechanical Activation of Human Valvular Interstitial Cells from Early Stage of CAVD (2012)

Abstract Aortic Valve (AV) leaflets are exposed to complex biomechanical stimulations, which has been linked to the progression of Calcific Aortic Valve Disease (CAVD) characterized by valvular interstitial cells (VICs) adopting an osteogenic phenotype, remodeling of the ECM and biomineralization. Initial asymptomatic phases of CAVD, named Aortic Valve Sclerosis (AVSc), include thickening of the cusps whereas advanced stages, Aortic Valve Stenosis (AVS), are associated with severe calcification. Prospective clinical studies of CAVD are hampered by the typically slow and variable progression of the disease. In addition, patients who present with AVS are already in the stage of severe calcification where damage to the AV leaflets is too severe to be reversed by drug therapy. Finally, due to its asymptomatic presentation little is known about the AVSc stage. The aim of this study is to develop tissue- and cell-based models to uncover the biomechanical forces leading to activation of VICs in early, asymptomatic AVSc patients. We investigate the impact of biological (BMP4 pathway) and mechanical (tensile stretch) forces leading to VICs osteogenic transdifferentiation, and biomineralization of the fibrosa layer. Human, surgically resected, AV tissue from AVSc patients were characterized for cellular and extracellular markers and compared to healthy controls and AVS tissues. BMP4 and tensile stretch induce osteogenic marker expression and biomineralization of the fibrosa in non-calcified AVSc-derived tissue. VICs were isolated from patients and induced to transdifferentiate in either 2D cell culture or 3D Tissue Engineering valve model based on decellularized porcine AV scaffold repopulated with human-derived cells. Our results show that the synergistic combination of biological (BMP4) and mechanical (tensile stretch) forces is required to promote SMA, RUNX2, OPN, and ON expression of AVSc-derived cells. These results provide a novel study model of early asymptomatic AVSc that combine biological and mechanical stimulation to induce activation of AVSc-derived VICs and biomineralization of AVSc tissue. This model could be used to unveil the molecular mechanisms lading to VIC activation and to test possible future small drug to control cellular activation and tissue remodeling.
Ultra shallow boron base profile with carbon implantation (2002)

Double-polysilicon bipolar junction transistors with an ultra shallow implanted base are fabricated using Ge pre-amorphization. The effect of implanted C, both on suppressing transient enhanced diffusion and on the junction leakage, is studied.
Development of 125KSI Grade Hsla Steel OCTG for Mildly Sour Environments (2005)

Abstract The need for higher strength Sulfide Stress Cracking (SSC) resistant steels is increasing with the increasing development of High Pressure/High Temperature (HPHT) oil and gas fields. This has lead to a requirement for higher strength steel casing materials that also have suitable sulfide stress cracking (SSC) resistance for the mildly sour environments often encountered, or that can occur as a result of reservoir souring (e.g. as a result of sea-water flooding). A 125ksi (862MPa) grade high strength low alloy (HSLA) steel OCTG for mildly sour applications was investigated from the viewpoint of reducing dislocation density and controlling carbide morphology to enhance the SSC resistance. Vanadium containing steels, 1Cr-0.7Mo-0.1V and 0.5Cr-0.7Mo-0.1V revealed lower dislocation densities (half width values) than vanadium-free steels, 1Cr-0.7Mo and 0.5Cr-0.7Mo at same strength levels, because vanadium containing steels were tempered at a higher temperature than vanadium-free steels. The higher temperature tempering enhanced SSC resistance, as a result of the uniform and spheroidized M3C distribution and decrease in dislocation density. The decrease in Cr content, which had little effect on temper softening resistance, was beneficial for preventing M23C6 (M=Fe, Cr, Mo) formation. The 0.5Cr-0.7Mo-0.1V steel without M23C6 carbide had higher SSC resistance than the 1Cr-0.7Mo-0.1V steel. As a result, a 125ksi grade HSLA steel OCTG with vanadium addition and low Cr (0.5%Cr, 0.7%Mo and 0.1%V) has been developed for mildly sour environments.
Reactions of M(N-2,6-i-Pr2C6H3)(CHR)(CH2R‘)2 (M = Mo, W) Complexes with Alcohols To Give Olefin Metathesis Catalysts of the Type M(N-2,6-i-Pr2C6H3)(CHR)(CH2R‘)(OR‘ ‘) (2006)

The reaction between M(NAr)(CH-t-Bu)(CH2-t-Bu)2 (M = Mo, W, Ar = 2,6-i-Pr2C6H3) and various alcohols (1-adamantyl-OH, t-BuOH, ArOH, (CF3)2CHOH, (CF3)2MeCOH, CF3Me2COH, (CF3)3COH, C6F5OH) in pentane or toluene yields either complexes of the type M(NAr)(CH-t-Bu)(CH2-t-Bu)(OR), through direct addition of ROH across a Mo−C bond, or complexes of the type M(NAr)(CH2-t-Bu)3(OR), through direct addition of ROH across a MoC bond. The trineopentyl species appear to be formed when the alcohol has a relatively low pKa value. The outcome also can depend on whether the alcohol is employed neat or in benzene, and mixtures are observed in some circumstances. The conversion of M(NAr)(CH2-t-Bu)3(OR) into M(NAr)(CH-t-Bu)(CH2-t-Bu)(OR) was shown to be unimolecular in several examples. Preliminary experiments have shown that M(NAr)(CH-t-Bu)(CH2-t-Bu)(OR) complexes are surprisingly active catalysts for various metathesis reactions, although conversion is sometimes limited by decomposition of intermediate alkylidenes to yield dimeric species that contain MM bonds. In contrast, M(NAr)(CH-t-Bu)(CH2-t-Bu)2 species are virtually inactive for metathesis. X-ray structures are reported for Mo(NAr)(CH2-t-Bu)3(OC6F5), Mo(NAr)(CH-t-Bu)(CH2-t-Bu)[OSi(O-t-Bu)3], [Mo(NAr)(CH-t-Bu)(CH2-t-Bu)(OC6F5)]2, and Mo(NAr)(CH-t-Bu)(CH2-t-Bu)(OC6F5)(PMe3).
Identification of rabbit genomic Ig-VH pseudogenes that could serve as donor sequences for latent allotype expression. (1990)

Synthetic DNA oligomers specific for the VHa allotypes of rabbit Ig genes have been used to identify latent allotypic sequences in homozygous a1 and a2 rabbits. Two Ig VH pseudogenes containing latent a3 regions have been cloned from the genome of a homozygous a2 rabbit. Analysis of the regions associated with allotype expression indicates that these two pseudogenes contain VHa- sequences in framework region 1 (FR1) and VHa3 sequences in FR3. One gene has undergone an unusual rearrangement with a third VH gene, deleting their intervening sequences and recombining in FR3 with sequences 5' to the leader exon. Our results demonstrate the presence of latent VH sequences in the genomic DNA of normal rabbits and suggest that a mechanism such as gene conversion is responsible for expression of genetically-unexpected Ig VH genes.
Evidence that Myb-related CDC5 proteins are required for pre-mRNA splicing (1999)

The conserved CDC5 family of Myb-related proteins performs an essential function in cell cycle control at G(2)/M. Although c-Myb and many Myb-related proteins act as transcription factors, herein, we implicate CDC5 proteins in pre-mRNA splicing. Mammalian CDC5 colocalizes with pre-mRNA splicing factors in the nuclei of mammalian cells, associates with core components of the splicing machinery in nuclear extracts, and interacts with the spliceosome throughout the splicing reaction in vitro. Furthermore, genetic depletion of the homolog of CDC5 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, CEF1, blocks the first step of pre-mRNA processing in vivo. These data provide evidence that eukaryotic cells require CDC5 proteins for pre-mRNA splicing.
Precise determination of pair interactions from pair statistics of many-body systems in and out of equilibrium (2022)

The determination of the pair potential v(r) that accurately yields an equilibrium state at positive temperature T with a prescribed pair correlation function g_{2}(r) or corresponding structure factor S(k) in d-dimensional Euclidean space R^{d} is an outstanding inverse statistical mechanics problem with far-reaching implications. Recently, Zhang and Torquato [Phys. Rev. E 101, 032124 (2020)2470-004510.1103/PhysRevE.101.032124] conjectured that any realizable g_{2}(r) or S(k) corresponding to a translationally invariant nonequilibrium system can be attained by a classical equilibrium ensemble involving only (up to) effective pair interactions. Testing this conjecture for nonequilibrium systems as well as for nontrivial equilibrium states requires improved inverse methodologies. We have devised an optimization algorithm to precisely determine effective pair potentials that correspond to pair statistics of general translationally invariant disordered many-body equilibrium or nonequilibrium systems at positive temperatures. This methodology utilizes a parameterized family of pointwise basis functions for the potential function whose initial form is informed by small-, intermediate- and large-distance behaviors dictated by statistical-mechanical theory. Subsequently, a nonlinear optimization technique is utilized to minimize an objective function that incorporates both the target pair correlation function g_{2}(r) and structure factor S(k) so that the small intermediate- and large-distance correlations are very accurately captured. To illustrate the versatility and power of our methodology, we accurately determine the effective pair interactions of the following four diverse target systems: (1) Lennard-Jones system in the vicinity of its critical point, (2) liquid under the Dzugutov potential, (3) nonequilibrium random sequential addition packing, and (4) a nonequilibrium hyperuniform "cloaked" uniformly randomized lattice. We found that the optimized pair potentials generate corresponding pair statistics that accurately match their corresponding targets with total L_{2}-norm errors that are an order of magnitude smaller than that of previous methods. The results of our investigation lend further support to the Zhang-Torquato conjecture. Furthermore, our algorithm will enable one to probe systems with identical pair statistics but different higher-body statistics, which will shed light on the well-known degeneracy problem of statistical mechanics.
Adding localization information in a fingerprint binary feature vector representation (2011)

At BTAS'10, a new framework to transform a fingerprint minutiae template into a binary feature vector of fixed length is described. A fingerprint is characterized by its similarity with a fixed number set of representative local minutiae vicinities. This approach by representative leads to a fixed length binary representation, and, as the approach is local, it enables to deal with local distortions that may occur between two acquisitions. We extend this construction to incorporate additional information in the binary vector, in particular on localization of the vicinities. We explore the use of position and orientation information. The performance improvement is promising for utilization into fast identification algorithms or into privacy protection algorithms.
An empirical study of software reliability in SDN controllers (2017)

Software Defined Networking (SDN) exposes critical networking decisions, such as traffic routing or enforcement of the critical security policies, to a software entity known as the SDN controller. Controller software, as written by humans, is intrinsically prone to bugs, which may impair the network performance as a whole, if activated. Software reliability growth models (SRGM) are often used to estimate and predict the reliability of the software in the operational phase based on the fault report data during the testing phase. These models can be used to predict the number of residual bugs in the software, as well as failure intensity, software reliability and optimal software release time. In this paper we analyze ten releases of ONOS open source controller, whose uncensored fault reports are available online.
RawTools: Rapid and Dynamic Interrogation of Orbitrap Data Files for Mass Spectrometer System Management (2018)

Optimizing the quality of proteomics data collected from a mass spectrometer (MS) requires careful selection of acquisition parameters and proper assessment of instrument performance. Software tools capable of extracting a broad set of information from raw files, including meta, scan, quantification, and identification data, are needed to provide guidance for MS system management. In this work, direct extraction and utilization of these data is demonstrated using RawTools, a standalone tool for extracting meta and scan data directly from raw MS files generated on Thermo Orbitrap instruments. RawTools generates summarized and detailed plain text outputs after parsing individual raw files, including scan rates and durations, duty cycle characteristics, precursor and reporter ion quantification, and chromatography performance. RawTools also contains a diagnostic module that includes an optional "preview" database search for facilitating informed decision-making related to optimization of MS performance based on a variety of metrics. RawTools has been developed in C# and utilizes the Thermo RawFileReader library and thus can process raw MS files with high speed and high efficiency on all major operating systems (Windows, MacOS, Linux). To demonstrate the utility of RawTools, the extraction of meta and scan data from both individual and large collections of raw MS files was carried out to identify problematic characteristics of instrument performance. Taken together, the combined rich feature-set of RawTools with the capability for interrogation of MS and experiment performance makes this software a valuable tool for proteomics researchers.
Incremental Data Converters at Low Oversampling Ratios (2010)

In this paper the use of incremental A/D converters with low oversampling ratios is investigated. Incremental A/D converters are able to achieve a higher SQNR than delta-sigma modulators at oversampling ratios below 4, allowing them to operate as higher bandwidth converters with medium resolution. The impact of removing the input S/H, as well as analyzing their behaviour at an OSR as low as 1 is explored. An eighth-order cascaded incremental A/D converter is analyzed and shown as an example.
Obvious suppression of performance degradation induced by thermal effect in SOI power LDMOSFETs using accumulation mode device structure (2009)

In this paper, we demonstrate that the advantages of obvious improvement o f the mobility and current drivability at high temperatures and the greatly suppressed self-heating effects in accumulation mode SOI power LDMOSFETs. We reveal the mechanisms of these advantages are resulted from the bulk current and accumulation mode device structure and propose that the accumulation mode device structure is very useful to realize high performance SOI power LDMOSFETs.
The Impact of the Dead-Time on the Reverse Recovery Behavior of SiC-MOSFET Body Diodes (2023)

The impact of the dead-time on the body diode reverse recovery behavior for 1.2 kV silicon carbide MOSFETs has been studied in this paper. The plasma formation behavior of the body diode at different temperatures and load currents is investigated firstly. The time for the plasma stabilization can be estimated. Afterwards, the influence of the load current amplitude, the operating temperature, and the switching speed have been investigated with standard double-pulse tests. Different MOSFET cell designs of various manufacturers were compared. It has been found that selecting a suitable dead-time and switching speed is essential for the optimization of the overall losses, especially at higher operation temperatures.
Integer and Fractional Angular Momentum Borne on Self-Trapped Necklace-Ring Beams (2001)

We present self-trapped necklace-ring beams that carry and conserve angular momentum. Such beams can have a fractional ratio of angular momentum to energy, and they exhibit a series of phenomena typically associated with rotation of rigid bodies and centrifugal force effects.
On the Transcriptional Regulation of Methicillin Resistance (2004)

Bacterial resistance to antibiotics poses a serious worldwide public health problem due to the high morbidity and mortality caused by infectious diseases. Most hospital-onset infections are associated with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains that have acquired multiple drug resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics. In a response to antimicrobial stress, nearly all clinical MRSA isolates produce beta-lactamase (BlaZ) and a penicillin-binding protein with low affinity for beta-lactam antibiotics (PBP2a, also known as PBP2' or MecA). Both effectors are regulated by homologous signal transduction systems consisting of a sensor/transducer and a transcriptional repressor. MecI (methicillin repressor) blocks mecA but also blaZ transcription and that of itself and the co-transcribed sensor/transducer. The structure of MecI in complex with a cognate operator double-stranded DNA reveals a homodimeric arrangement with a novel C-terminal spiral staircase dimerization domain responsible for dimer integrity. Each protomer interacts with the DNA major groove through a winged helix DNA-binding domain and specifically recognizes the nucleotide sequence 5'-Gua-Thy-Ade-X-Thy-3'. This results in an unusual convex bending of the DNA helix. The structure of this first molecular determinant of methicillin resistance in complex with its target DNA provides insights into its regulatory mechanism and paves the way for new antimicrobial strategies against MRSA.