gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Magnetic Polyurethane Microcarriers from Nanoparticle-Stabilized Emulsions for Thermal Energy Storage (2020)

Hydrated inorganic salts are phase change materials (PCMs) with promising thermal energy storage capacity. However, their application is commonly restricted because of problems of phase segregation, incongruent melting, cycling instability, or supercooling. This work presents an encapsulation method of hydrophilic PCMs that allows for the incorporation of additional functionalities within a protective shell occluding a storage core. Interfacial polymerization in nanoparticle-stabilized inverse emulsions (also called “Pickering emulsions”) is used as a synthetic platform to guarantee the stability and latent heat storage efficiency of sodium sulfate decahydrate, taken as a model case of a hydrated salt. Thus, functional polyurethane hybrid microcapsules with magnetic and/or catalytic species (e.g., CeO2, TiO2, Fe3O4) accessible on the surface were used for the encapsulation of an aqueous solution of sodium sulfate decahydrate salt. The hermeticity of the polyurethane shell combined with the thermal conductivity of magnetite nanoparticles and the nucleating ability of a second salt with a similar structure (e.g., sodium dihydrogen phosphate dihydrate) guaranteed the chemical stability, recyclability, and a minimization of the supercooling of the phase change material. Magnetically recoverable microcarriers, with high storage capacity and stability, are proposed for the controlled storage and release of thermal energy at living temperatures.
A Province at War: Guangxi During the Sino-Japanese Conflict, 1937–45 (1986)

On the 18 April 1936 General Li Zongren gave a stirring, patriotic interview to the Canton Gazette . In the current situation argued Li, China must stand and resist the Japanese since, “despite sacrifices, a war of resistance may pave the way for the regeneration of our nation.” He was later even more emphatic, ”… a war of resistance is essential for national regeneration.” These seem rather prescient remarks in the light of subsequent events; a new type of society did emerge in parts of China during the war against Japan. Perhaps it should be noted in passing that the form of regeneration expedited by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) was nevertheless hardly what Li Zongren had in mind in 1936. Indeed, he felt able to endorse it only late in life.
Structurally defined nanographene-containing conjugated polymers for high quality dispersions and optoelectronic applications (2016)

A new conjugated polymer with nanographenes shows excellent dispersibility in<italic>N</italic>-cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidone and remarkable emission from exfoliated nanographenes.
Label-free characterization of living human induced pluripotent stem cells by subcellular topographic imaging technique using full-field quantitative phase microscopy coupled with interference reflection microscopy (2012)

There is a need for a noninvasive technique to monitor living pluripotent stem cell condition without any labeling. We present an optical imaging technique that is able to capture information about optical path difference through the cell and cell adhesion properties simultaneously using a combination of quantitative phase microscopy (QPM) and interference reflection microscopy (IRM) techniques. As a novel application of QPM and IRM, this multimodal imaging technique demonstrated its ability to distinguish the undifferentiated status of human induced pluripotent stem (hiPS) cells quantitatively based on the variation of optical path difference between the nucleus and cytoplasm as well as hiPS cell-specific cell adhesion properties.
Robust Shelf Monitoring Using Supervised Learning for Improving On-Shelf Availability in Retail Stores (2019)

This paper proposes a method to robustly monitor shelves in retail stores using supervised learning for improving on-shelf availability. To ensure high on-shelf availability, which is a key factor for improving profits in retail stores, we focus on understanding changes in products regarding increases/decreases in product amounts on the shelves. Our method first detects changed regions of products in an image by using background subtraction followed by moving object removal. It then classifies the detected change regions into several classes representing the actual changes on the shelves, such as "product taken (decrease)" and "product replenished/returned (increase)", by supervised learning using convolutional neural networks. It finally updates the shelf condition representing the presence/absence of products using classification results and computes the product amount visible in the image as on-shelf availability using the updated shelf condition. Three experiments were conducted using two videos captured from a surveillance camera on the ceiling in a real store. Results of the first and second experiments show the effectiveness of the product change classification in our method. Results of the third experiment show that our method achieves a success rate of 89.6% for on-shelf availability when an error margin is within one product. With high accuracy, store clerks can maintain high on-shelf availability, enabling retail stores to increase profits.
Estimating Network Throughput with an Adaptive Routing and Wavelength Assignment Algorithm (2018)

We propose an adaptive sequential loading algorithm that approaches the ILP throughput. Of 2,000 network realizations tested, shortest path routing achieves &gt;90% of the maximum throughput in 341 cases c.f. 1,904 with the proposed algorithm.
Fluorescence of Influenza Hemagglutinin Surface Protein (2011)

Spectroscopy of avian influenza hemagglutinin reveals changes in peak position and emission intensity of tryptophan fluorescence upon exposure to an acidic environment. These are attributed to conformational changes in the hemagglutinin induced by lower pH.
Cutting Edge: Recombinase-Activating Gene Expression and V(D)J Recombination in CD4+CD3low Mature T Lymphocytes (2000)

The recombinase-activating genes, RAG-1 and RAG-2, can be expressed by a subset of B cells within germinal centers, where they mediate secondary V(D)J rearrangements. This receptor revision mechanism could serve either receptor diversification or tolerance-induced functions. Alternatively, it might rescue those cells the receptors of which have been damaged by somatic mutation. Less is known about the occurrence of similar mechanisms in T cells. Here we show that mature T cells with defective TCR surface expression can express RAG genes and are capable of initiating secondary V(D)J rearrangements. The possibility that a cell rescue mechanism based on the generation of a novel Ag receptor might be active in peripheral T cells is envisaged.
Baseball Timeline: Summarizing Baseball Plays Into a Static Visualization (2018)

Abstract In sports, Play Diagrams are the standard way to represent and convey information. They are widely used by coaches, managers, journalists and fans in general. There are situations where diagrams may be hard to understand, for example, when several actions are packed in a certain region of the field or there are just too many actions to be transformed in a clear depiction of the play. The representation of how actions develop through time, in particular, may be hardly achieved on such diagrams. The time, and the relationship among the actions of the players through time, is critical on the depiction of complex plays. In this context, we present a study on how player actions may be clearly depicted on 2D diagrams. The study is focused on Baseball plays, a sport where diagrams are heavily used to summarize the actions of the players. We propose a new and simple approach to represent spatiotemporal information in the form of a timeline. We designed our visualization with a requirement driven approach, conducting interviews and fulfilling the needs of baseball experts and expert‐fans. We validate our approach by presenting a detailed analysis of baseball plays and conducting interviews with four domain experts.
Supplementary Table S6 from Intrinsic Immunogenicity of Small Cell Lung Carcinoma Revealed by Its Cellular Plasticity (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table S6&lt;/p&gt;
Metschnikowia bicuspidata dominates in Taiwanese cold-weather yeast infections of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (2007)

At water temperatures below 17 degrees C, yeast infections often occurred in 6 to 11 mo old giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (8 to 12 cm) in Taiwan from May 2001 to December 2003, with a cumulative mortality of 20 to 95%. Gross signs of disease included milky hemolymph, a yellow exoskeleton, opaque muscles, and a swollen hepatopancreas (HP). Histopathology included marked edema and extensive necrotic lesions associated with large numbers of yeast aggregates and inflammation within the muscles, HP, and other internal organs such as the heart, ovary, and intestine. Yeast cell numbers isolated from various tissues ranged from 4.5 x 10(8) to 9.0 x 10(9) colony forming units (CFU) per 100 mg. From diseased prawns from 12 affected farms, the presence of Metschnikowia bicuspidata (98.4% prevalence), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (0.8% prevalence), and Candida albicans (0.8% prevalence) was confirmed by biochemical tests and sequencing of PCR products from the D1/D2 domain of 26S rDNA. Experimental infection with these isolates caused gross signs and histopathological changes similar to those observed in naturally infected prawns, and lethal doses (LD50) were 3.8 x 10(3), 2.0 x 10(3), and 4.3 x 10(3) CFU prawn-1, respectively. Although the results of this study revealed that M. bicuspidata may be the major cause of yeast infections in the giant freshwater prawns in Taiwan, this is the first time that S. cerevisiae and C. albicans are also reported as pathogens.
Genomic and cDNA clones for maize phospho enol pyruvate carboxylase and pyruvate,orthophosphate dikinase: Expression of different gene-family members in leaves and roots (1986)

We have isolated cDNA clones for the maize leaf enzymes phosphoenolpyruvate (P-ePrv) carboxylase [orthophosphate:oxaloacetate carboxy-lyase (phosphorylating) EC 4.1.1.31] and pyruvate,orthophosphate (Prv,P(i)) dikinase (ATP:pyruvate,orthophosphate phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.9.1) by exploiting the light-inducibility and large size of the mRNAs (3.5 kilobases) that encode the two enzymes. The clones were identified by hybrid-selection and immunoprecipitation assays. From a maize genomic library, two different types of genomic clones were screened with both the P-ePrv carboxylase and the Prv,P(i) dikinase cDNA clones. Information from these genomic clones and genome blots indicates that the P-ePrv carboxylase gene family has at least three members and the Prv,P(i) dikinase family at least two. Transcripts for both enzymes were detected in green leaves, etiolated leaves, and roots. The results show that the P-ePrv carboxylase mRNAs in green leaves and roots are encoded by different genes. Whereas the P-ePrv carboxylase mRNAs in all three tissues appear to be the same size, the Prv,P(i) dikinase mRNA in green leaves is about 0.5 kilobases longer than the Prv,P(i) dikinase mRNAs in etiolated leaves and roots. It is possible that all these Prv,P(i) dikinase transcripts are encoded by one gene, and the size differences may correspond to the presence or absence of a sequence encoding a chloroplast transit peptide.
Terminal differentiation into adipocyte and growth inhibition by PPARγ activation in human A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells (2020)

The present study investigated the terminal differentiation capacity into adipocytes and subsequent growth inhibition in A549 cancer cells treated with pioglitazone (PGZ), a PPARγ activator. The rate of cell growth in A549 cells was significantly (<i>P </i>< .05) inhibited in concentrations above 10 μM PGZ while maintaining less cytotoxic effects in MRC-5 fibroblasts. Following 50 μM PGZ treatment, population doubling time (PDT) was significantly (<i>P</i> < .05) increased by inhibition of cell growth, as per increasing PGZ exposure time by up to 4 weeks. The adiposome-like vesicles were commonly observed in the PGZ-treated A549 cells, and the vesicles were highly stained with Oil-Red O solution. In addition, the cell size and expression of GLUT4 and PPARγ were significantly (<i>P</i> < .05) increased, as per increasing PGZ exposure time by up to 4 weeks. The significant (<i>P</i> < .05) down-regulation of telomerase activity and up-regulation of senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA β-GAL) activity was displayed in the PGZ-treated A549 cells, as per increasing PGZ exposure time by up to 4 weeks. The G1 phase of the cell cycle was also significantly (<i>P</i> < .05) increased in the PGZ-treated A549 cells compared with untreated A549 cells. The present results have demonstrated that activation of PPARγ using PGZ induces cellular differentiation into adipocytes and inhibits cell growth in the A549 cancer cells. The terminal differentiation into adipocytes could offer potent chemotherapy in the cancer cells showing high glucose metabolism.
Orthogonal minimum noise subspace for multiple-input multiple-output system identification (2002)

This contribution deals with a particular family of blind system identification techniques, referred to as minimum noise subspace (MNS) method. The MNS method is a computationally fast version of the subspace method. We develop an orthogonal version of MNS method. The orthogonal minimum subspace (OMNS) method is more efficient in computation than a standard subspace method, and is more robust to channel noise than MNS.
Search for α3β2/3γ2 subtype selective ligands that are stable on human liver microsomes (2020)

Selective modulation of specific benzodiazepine receptor (BzR) gamma amino butyric acid-A (GABAA) receptor ion channels has been identified as an important method for separating out the variety of pharmacological effects elicited by BzR-related drugs. Importantly, it has been demonstrated that both α2β(2/3)γ2 (α2BzR) and α3BzR (and/or α2/α3) BzR subtype selective ligands exhibit anxiolytic effects with little or no sedation. Previously we have identified several such ligands; however, three of our parent ligands exhibited significant metabolic liability in rodents in the form of a labile ester group. Here eight analogs are reported which were designed to circumvent this liability by utilizing a rational replacement of the ester moiety based on medicinal chemistry precedents. In a metabolic stability study using human liver microsomes, four compounds were found to undergo slower metabolic transformation, as compared to their corresponding ester analogs. These compounds were also evaluated in in vitro binding as well as efficacy assays. Additionally, bioisostere 11 was evaluated in a rodent model of anxiety. It exhibited anxiolytic activity at doses of 10 and 100 mg/kg and was devoid of sedative properties.
Oligonucleotide correction of an intronic TIMMDC1 variant in cells of patients with severe neurodegenerative disorder (2022)

TIMMDC1 encodes the Translocase of Inner Mitochondrial Membrane Domain-Containing protein 1 (TIMMDC1) subunit of complex I of the electron transport chain responsible for ATP production. We studied a consanguineous family with two affected children, now deceased, who presented with failure to thrive in the early postnatal period, poor feeding, hypotonia, peripheral neuropathy and drug-resistant epilepsy. Genome sequencing data revealed a known, deep intronic pathogenic variant TIMMDC1 c.597-1340A>G, also present in gnomAD (~1/5000 frequency), that enhances aberrant splicing. Using RNA and protein analysis we show almost complete loss of TIMMDC1 protein and compromised mitochondrial complex I function. We have designed and applied two different splice-switching antisense oligonucleotides (SSO) to restore normal TIMMDC1 mRNA processing and protein levels in patients' cells. Quantitative proteomics and real-time metabolic analysis of mitochondrial function on patient fibroblasts treated with SSOs showed restoration of complex I subunit abundance and function. SSO-mediated therapy of this inevitably fatal TIMMDC1 neurologic disorder is an attractive possibility.
Pathologic Effect of Estradiol on the Hypothalamus (1993)

Estradiol provides physiological signals to the brain throughout life that are indispensable for the development and regulation of reproductive function. In addition to its multiple physiological actions, we have shown that estradiol is also selectively cytotoxic to beta-endorphin neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus. The mechanism underlying this neurotoxic action appears to involve the conversion of estradiol to catechol estrogen and subsequent oxidation to o-semiquinone free radicals. The estradiol-induced loss of beta-endorphin neurons engenders a compensatory increment in mu opioid binding in the medial preoptic area rendering this region supersensitive to residual beta-endorphin or to other endogenous opioids. The consequent persistent opioid inhibition results in a cascade of neuroendocrine deficits that are ultimately expressed as a chronically attenuated plasma LH pattern to which the ovaries respond by becoming anovulatory and polycystic. This neurotoxic action of estradiol may contribute to a number of reproductive disorders in humans and in animals in which aberrant hypothalamic function is a major component.
How Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Can Impact Market Design (2019)

In complex environments, it is challenging to learn enough about the underlying characteristics of transactions so as to design the best institutions to efficiently generate gains from trade. In recent years, Artificial Intelligence has emerged as an important tool that allows market designers to uncover important market fundamentals, and to better predict fluctuations that can cause friction in markets. This paper offers some recent examples of how Artificial Intelligence helps market designers improve the operations of markets, and outlines directions in which it will continue to shape and influence market design.
Three-Dimensional Simulation of the Transient Behavior of a Three-Way Catalytic Converter (2002)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The ultimate goal in the numerical simulation of automotive catalytic converters is the prediction of exhaust gas emissions as function of time for varying inlet conditions, i.e. the simulation of a driving cycle. Such a simulation must include the calculation of the transient three-dimensional temperature-field of the monolithic solid structure of the converter, which results from a complex interaction between a variety of physical and chemical processes such as the gaseous flow field through the monolith channels, the catalytic reactions, gaseous and solid heat transport, and heat transfer to the ambience.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper will discuss the application of the newly developed CFD-code DETCHEM&lt;sup&gt;MONOLITH&lt;/sup&gt; for the numerical simulation of the transient behavior of three-way catalytic converters that have a monolithic structure. The code combines the two-dimensional simulations of the reactive flows in a representative number of monolith channels with a transient simulation of the three-dimensional temperature field of the solid structure of the converter including insulation and canning. The chemical reactions are modeled by a multi-step heterogeneous reaction mechanism, which is based on the elementary pro??cesses on the platinum and rhodium catalysts used. The integration over the chemical conversion in the single channels leads to the total conversion in the converter as function of time.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper presents a numerical simulation of the start-up phase of an automotive catalytic converter for temporally varying inlet conditions. The variation of the temperature distribution in the solid structure and in the single channels as well as the species profiles are described. The numerically predicted time-dependent conversion of the combustion pollutants is compared with experimental data. The potentials and limitations of the models and computational tools are discussed.&lt;/div&gt;
Selective Treatment of Hypoxic Tumor Cells In Vivo: Phosphate Pre‐Prodrugs of Nitro Analogues of the Duocarmycins (2011)

Hitting the hypoxic target: Combining a nitro prodrug with a water-soluble phosphate converts duocarmycin analogues from highly toxic DNA-alkylating agents to highly selective antitumor compounds. These prodrugs (see scheme) have outstanding activity against hypoxic tumor cells in vivo, cells which are usually considered the most resistant to conventional therapy.
Evaluation of a self-centering patch system for closure of muscular ventricular septal defects in a pig model (2010)

Objective: Closure of muscular ventricular septal defects (mVSDs) beyond the moderator band is still challenging. Recently, we established a new hybrid technique for closure of mVSDs on the beating heart. Here, we evaluated a self-centering patch system for this technique.
Heuristic Inspired Precoding for Millimeter-Wave MIMO Systems with Lens Antenna Subarrays (2022)

A traditional array (TA) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) architecture in mmWave with hybrid beamforming suffers from high power consumption and hardware overhead. Therefore, a lens antenna subarray (LAS)-MIMO architecture has been recently proposed as a promising technology for a power-efficient system and reducing hardware cost and complexity. Additionally, the LAS-MIMO can offer spectral efficiency (SE) performance close to TA-MIMO and higher than single-lens antenna array (SLA)-MIMO. In this paper, we propose a hybrid precoding algorithm for the LAS-MIMO in mmWave to efficiently control the LAS design. The precoding problem is formulated as a sparse reconstruction problem due to the sparse behavior of mmWave channel. The proposed algorithm is an iterative process developed jointly using artificial bee colony (ABC) optimization with orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) algorithms. In each iteration, the algorithm first selects the switches for each lens randomly using ABC and then uses OMP to approximate optimal unconstrained precoders. This process continues until achieving maximum SE. The simulation results show that LAS has around a 30% increase in SE compared to SLA while providing a significant gain in energy efficiency (EE) for single radio-frequency (RF) chain and multi RF chain scenarios.
X-Ray Computed Tomography of Castings (1990)

Abstract : Computed Tomography (CT) offers an inspection capability with potential to overcome some of the shortcomings in inspection which affect the utilization of castings in the aircraft/aerospace industry. To this end, castings defect samples were excised from larger cast parts and utilized to evaluate CT sensitivity to a variety of defect types and sizes relative to conventional film radiography. The defects were also inserted into larger cast structures to evaluate loss of sensitivity as a function of geometry. Dimensional phantoms were fabricated to test dimensional measurement accuracy of CT systems. Five different CT systems were used for the CT scanning. Data from resolution and contrast sensitivity phantoms, developed for the program, were used to establish quantitative measures of imaging capability.