gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the influence of 3d4 ions on the magnetic and crystallographic properties of magnetic oxides (1959)

After a brief reference to the physical basis for a tetragonal distortion (c/a > 1) of an octahedral anion interstice which is occupied by a cation with outer-electron configuration 3d4, the crystallographic properties of several Mn3+-containing oxides are given to illustrate the significance of this effect for determining the crystalline symmetry. A structure for the orthorhombic LiMnO2 phase is proposed which is consistent with the powder-pattern data reported in the literature. It is also pointed out that 3d4 cations may simultaneously couple ferromagnetically and antiferromagnetically with similar cations if the local octahedron is distorted to tetragonal symmetry. This effect is illustrated in both the perovskite-type and the spinel-type lattice. Also three different types of Mn3+ — Mn3+ interaction are illustrated. It is pointed out that the magnetic properties of several Mn3+-containing, perovskite-type oxides can be interpreted as due to this peculiar property of the Mn3+ ion.
Enhancement of Annihilation Rate of Electron-Positron pairs in Periodic Fields (1972)

The enhancement of the partial annihilation rate of electron-positron pairs in crystals has been examined by assuming a two-band structure of electrons and using the lowest-order ladder graphs with static interaction. The intraband transitions of electrons due to the attractive force of positrons cause the enhancement of the rate over all the components of the momentum, while the interband transitions from the lower to the upper give a marked dehancement of HMC's (higher-momentum components) despite that the total annihilation rate remains still enhanced. Numerical computation has been made for several one-dimensional cases, and an asymmetry with respect to the zone face has been found even in the enhancement due to intraband transitions. An angular-correlation measurement has been made for silicon, and an evidence for the dehancement of HMC's has been found by comparing the date with the independent-particle theory of Stroud and Ehrenreich (Phys. Rev. 171 (1968) 399).
Electrochemical engineering of low-cost and high-power redox flow batteries (2017)

Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 2017.
Activities of the semisynthetic glycopeptide LY191145 against vancomycin-resistant enterococci and other gram-positive bacteria (1995)

LY191145 is the prototype of a series of compounds with activities against vancomycin-resistant enterococci derived by modification of the glycopeptide antibiotic LY264826. LY191145 had MICs for vancomycin- and teicoplanin-resistant enterococci of < or = 4 micrograms/ml for 50% of isolates and < or = 16 micrograms/ml for 90% of isolates. Its MICs for vancomycin-resistant, teicoplanin-susceptible enterococci were 1 to 8 micrograms/ml. LY191145 retains the potent activities of its parent compound against staphylococci and streptococci. In vivo studies in a mouse infection model confirmed these activities. This compound indicates the potential of semisynthetic glycopeptides as agents against antibiotic-resistant gram-positive bacteria.
Effect of thermal annealing on damage growth of mitigated site on fused silica (2016)

Residual stresses will be formed around the mitigated site after the damaged site is irradiated by 10.6 m CO2 laser. Using those mitigated sites can improve the damage resistance ability in optics, and once the reinitiating damage occurs, the damaged site will grow under the subsequence irradiation and large fracture may form around the mitigated site. In this study, the annealing temperatures 650, 750 and 850 ℃, and time durations 6, 8, 10 and 12 h are used to anneal the samples. The sample annealed at 750 ℃ is the main research object of this study, while the sample annealed at 650 ℃ or 850 ℃ is only treated for 10 h. The differences of damage growth morphology and velocity of mitigated site on fused silica treated under those annealing conditions are investigated when it is damaged once again. Results are also compared with the damage growth behaviors of the unannealed substrate and mitigated site. It is indicated that the damage growth data still fit to an exponential curve even for the unannealed mitigated site. However, for the unannealed mitigated site, a more serious and larger size of damage site will be formed when the reinitiating damage occurs. It is mainly attributed to the fast propagation of crack under the effect of residual stress around the mitigated site. This behavior can be effectively controlled by the annealing treatment. Results show that the crack propagation behavior can be avoided when the retardation of mitigated sites is controlled in the range of 25 nm; moreover, the damage growth velocity and coefficient will gradually decrease with the increase of the annealing duration and annealing temperatures. A notable result indicates that there is no difference between the mitigated site and substrate when the retardation of mitigated sites is controlled below 10 nm, especially for the samples treated at 750 ℃ for 12 h and 850 ℃ for 10 h. Moreover, the reported investigation indicates that the stresses can still improve the damage resistance ability in optics. This is the most desirable outcome of the annealing treatment. Thus, the investigation results can provide a reference on how to analyze the effect of stress on damage growth of mitigated site and optimize the annealing parameters.
Common childhood vaccines do not elicit a cross-reactive antibody response against SARS-CoV-2 (2020)

Anecdotal evidence showed a negative correlation between Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination and incidence of COVID-19. Incidence of the disease in children is much lower than in adults. It is hypothesized that BCG and other childhood vaccinations may provide some protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection through trained or adaptive immune responses. Here, we tested whether BCG, Pneumococcal, Rotavirus, Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis, Hepatitis B, Haemophilus influenzae, Hepatitis B, Meningococcal, Measles, Mumps, and Rubella vaccines provide cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in BALB/c mice. Results indicated that none of these vaccines provided antibodies capable of neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 up to seven weeks post vaccination. We conclude that if such vaccines have any role in COVID-19 immunity, this role is not antibody-mediated.
A Sentiment Analysis Method using Tree Transfer Model (2011)

Sentiment analysis is a task to extract and organize authors' evaluations and opinions on focal subjects by analyzing massive amounts of text. This paper proposes a model of tree transfer from a syntactic tree to a set of semantic representations of sentiments. The method is based on deep syntactic and semantic information so that the outputs have suitable features for sentiment analysis applications: (1) to accurately detect the sentiment and its polarity and (2) to aggregate utterances which convey same or similar opinions. The proposed model can be designed analogously to a transfer-based method for machine translation, thus we can reuse several syntactic and semantic operations, such as combination of syntactic subtrees, case analysis of verb phrases and word sense disambiguation, and also several types of syntactic patterns. The experiments on Japanese sentiment extraction show that we acquired the sentiment expression in high-precision, the representation forms were informative than the naive ways of surface extraction and we can develop such a desirable sentiment extraction engine in a systematic way.
Multi-Rate Multi-Format CFP/CFP2 Digital Coherent Interfaces for Data Center Interconnects, Metro, and Long-Haul Optical Communications (2018)

New customer usages, such as high-definition videos, business analytics, and cloud services, stress more and more optical transport networks. This demand for ever-increasing capacity combined with the hard competition between telcos results in requests for lower costs in wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) transport. As WDM transceivers operating at 100G and beyond represent a large part of transmission system cost, a strong pressure is applied on vendors so that they lower the price of line-side interfaces. For the past 6-7 years, some equipment suppliers have focused their efforts on the development of pluggable optics adapted to 100G and beyond WDM transport. Thanks to photonic integrated circuits, they develop multisource agreement form factors that are able to generate/detect 100G at a very efficient cost, with notably reduced power consumption and high port density. Two flavors are used for pluggable optics that integrate or not the digital signal processing circuitry into the form factor, i.e., digital coherent optics (DCO) and analog coherent optics, that are supported by two kinds of form factors, i.e., CFP and CFP2. The corresponding cost decrease involved by pluggable optics is really impressive: over the 2014-2018 period the WDM 100G port price has been divided by a factor of ~6, while the power consumption per 100G port oscillates today between 10 and 30 W (depending on vendors). In addition, CFP-DCO and CFP2-DCO are now able to generate 100G and 200G data rates with multiple modulation formats (i.e., QPSK, 8QAM, and 16QAM) resulting in a very high level of flexibility for these interfaces making them suitable for a wide range of applications. In this invited paper, we present the work performed since 2015 on both 100G CFP-DCO and 100G/200G CFP2-DCO interfaces used in various contexts: short-reach and data center interconnects, metro/regional, long-haul and ultra long-haul optical communications.
Training Reverses Age-Related Gene Expression Changes In Skeletal Muscle Of Elderly Men (2005)

Changes in gene expression corresponding to age-related muscle atrophy have been described in senescent human skeletal muscle. Genes involved in energy and protein metabolism are down-regulated in older muscle tissue, while genes involved in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway are up-regulated. Physical activity best preserves muscle structure and function in the elderly. We hypothesized that physical activity protects the muscle by reversing the age-related gene expression changes. Purpose To analyze the effect of standard exercise training on gene expression known to be affected by age in skeletal muscle of healthy elderly sedentary adults. Methods Needle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis muscle of 6 males (aged 67±2.5 years) before and after 3 months of training at 80% of maximal capacity that improved their peak O2 uptake by 16±4% (p=0.009). RNA extracted from the samples was hybridized to Affymetrix U133A Genechip arrays. Data were analyzed by a ScoreGene package. Results In the trained state, malate dehydrogenase 2 (75%), succinate dehydrogenase (32%), fumarate hydratase (60%), vascular endothelial growth factor (34%) and mitochondrial ribosomal proteins (40–85%) were up-regulated. These are the same genes that were described in previous studies as being down-regulated in senescent muscle. In addition, the proteasome 26S subunit and IGF-binding protein 6 that are highly expressed in elderly muscle were decreased by 35% and 43%, respectively, after training. Conclusions Important gene expression changes thought to contribute to muscle atrophy associated with aging were reversed by 3 months of standard physical training. These effects should encourage widespread application of physical activity programs among the elderly in order to abate sarcopenia. This Abstract is funded by The israel Lung Association Tel-Aviv
O(6)-Methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase promoter hypermethylation shifts the p53 mutational spectrum in non-small cell lung cancer. (2001)

The DNA repair protein O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) removes mutagenic adducts from the O6 position of guanine, thereby protecting the genome against G to A transition mutations. MGMT is inactivated by promoter hypermethylation in many human cancers and has been associated with G to A mutations in K-ras in colorectal cancer. We hypothesized that MGMT promoter hypermethylation would be associated with an increase in G to A transitions in the p53 gene in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). p53 mutations were detected by both dideoxy sequencing and p53 GeneChip analysis in 92 patients with primary NSCLC. Methylation of the promoter region of the MGMT gene was determined using methylation-specific PCR and was present in 27 of 92 (29%) tumors. Hypermethylation of the MGMT promoter was more common in adenocarcinoma than in other histological types of NSCLC and was also more common in poorly differentiated tumors. MGMT promoter hypermethylation was present significantly more often in tumors with a G to A mutation in p53 (9 of 14; 64%) than in tumors with other types of p53 mutations (11 of 41; 27%; P = 0.02) or in tumors with wild-type p53 (7 of 37; 18%; P = 0.006). MGMT promoter hypermethylation was also strongly associated with G to A transitions at CpG sites. Inactivation of the MGMT gene by promoter hypermethylation alters the pattern of p53 mutation in NSCLC.
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic analysis ofThermus thermophilustranscription elongation complex bound to Gfh1 (2009)

RNA polymerase (RNAP) elongates RNA by iterative nucleotide-addition cycles (NAC). A specific structural state (or states) of RNAP may be the target of transcription elongation factors. Gfh1, a Thermus thermophilus Gre-family protein, inhibits NAC. To elucidate which RNAP structural state Gfh1 associates with, the T. thermophilus RNAP elongation complex (EC) was cocrystallized with Gfh1. Of the 70 DNA/RNA scaffolds tested, two (for EC1 and EC2) were successfully crystallized. In the presence of Gfh1, EC1 and EC2 yielded crystals belonging to space group P2(1) with similar unit-cell parameters (crystals 1 and 2, respectively). X-ray diffraction data sets were obtained at 3.6 and 3.8 A resolution, respectively.
Measurement ofD*mesons in jets fromp+pcollisions ats=200  GeV (2009)

We report the measurement of charged ${D}^{*}$ mesons in inclusive jets produced in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s}=200\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$ with the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. For ${D}^{*}$ mesons with fractional momenta $0.2&lt;z&lt;0.5$ in inclusive jets with 11.5 GeV mean transverse energy, the production rate is found to be $N({D}^{*+}+{D}^{*\ensuremath{-}})/N(\mathrm{jet})=0.015\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.008(\mathrm{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.007(\mathrm{sys})$. This rate is consistent with perturbative QCD evaluation of gluon splitting into a pair of charm quarks and subsequent hadronization.
Drama on the I-270 Tech Corridor (2016)

This chapter focuses upon one particular geographic region in suburban Washington, DC, which serves as a microcosm for the challenges and opportunities of the larger drug development enterprise. Our story begins with the efforts to sequence the human genome, an ambitious project that led to an increasingly bitter and highly publicized rivalry between the personalities of Craig Venter and Francis Collins from the private and public sectors, respectively. This same initiative gave rise to the dramatic growth in a cadre of biotechnology companies in suburban Maryland dedicated to exploiting the commercial opportunities associated with the human genome. The bubble would ultimately be burst as a result of various legal and executive decisions and in doing so, obliterated billions of dollars in wealth and effectively shudder an entire sector. All the while, another upstart biotechnology company, MedImmune, continued on a lower profile but ultimately more successful path to introduce innovative new medicines. However, this company would itself suffer a series of setbacks of its own making that resulted from the failed commercial launch of an improved influenza vaccine.
Numerical observer studies comparing FORE+AWOSEM, FORE+NECOSEM and NEC based fully 3-D OSEM for 3-D whole-body PET imaging (2006)

In this work, we use the NEC (Noise Equivalent Count) transformation method of Nuyts in the OSEM reconstruction technique as a procedure to partially restore the Poisson characteristics of 3-D whole-body PET pre-corrected data. We compare the use of FORE followed by NEC-weighted OSEM (FORE+NECOSEM) with FORE+AWOSEM was well as with fully 3-D implementations of NEC weighted OSEM, in terms of lesion detectability, using a 3-D version of the non-prewhitening matched filter numerical observer. In FORE+NECOSEM, only a multiplicative weight was applied (NEC-scaling) that accounts for the effects of both the quantitative corrections and FORE itself. For the fully 3-D reconstruction, we used both the shifted-Poisson approach (SPOSEM3D) and a 3-D implementation of NEC-scaling OSEM. In addition to NECOSEM, FORE+AWOSEM (attenuation weighted) and ANWOSEM3D (attenuation and normalization weighted) were also tested. We simulated 3-D whole-body PET exams with 1 cm diameter lesions. The results demonstrate an overall improved performance of FORE+NECOSEM and fully 3-D algorithms compared to FORE+AWOSEM. We also found that the behavior of the fully 3-D NECOSEM reconstruction algorithm was sensitive to the manner of calculating the NEC weights.
Functional/physical codesign (2002)

Functional and physical codesign is concerned with the concurrent functional definition and physical realization of a design. The paper describes the functional/physical codesign problem and concentrates mostly on the physical packaging concerns. The framework and methodology deals mostly on the physical aspect and assumes the functional details are available. It advocates the paradigm of considering system integration and configuration concurrently while system components are being designed, rather than after the system components have been designed. It shows how to keep the functional solution space within the bounds of physics. It also describes the framework, methodology and the use of parametric building blocks, and usage scenarios.
Throughput and Fairness maximization in Wireless Downlink Systems (2007)

In this paper, a single-antenna broadcast channel with large (K) number of users is considered. It is assumed that all users have a hard delay constraint D. We propose a scheduling algorithm for maximizing the throughput of the system, while satisfying the delay constraint for all users. It is proved that by using the proposed algorithm, it is possible to achieve the maximum throughput and maximum fairness in the network, simultaneously, in the asymptotic case of K → ∞. We introduce a new performance metric in the network, called “Minimum Average Throughput”, and prove that the proposed algorithm is capable of maximizing the minimum average throughput in a broadcast channel. Finally, the proposed algorithm is generalized for MIMO Broadcast Channels (MIMO-BC), and shown to achieve the maximum throughput and fairness, simultaneously, in the asymptotic case of K → ∞.
Optimization of Processing and Modeling Issues for Thin-Film Solar Cell Devices; Annual Report, 3 February 1997-2 February 1998 (1998)

This report describes results achieved during phase I of a four-phase subcontract to develop and understand thin-film solar cell technology associated with CuInSe2 and related alloys, a-Si and its alloys, and CdTe. Modules based on all these thin films are promising candidates to meet DOE long-range efficiency, reliability, and manufacturing cost goals. The critical issues being addressed under this program are intended to provide the science and engineering basis for developing viable commercial processes and to improve module performance. The generic research issues addressed are: (1) quantitative analysis of processing steps to provide information for efficient commercial-scale equipment design and operation; (2) device characterization relating the device performance to materials properties and process conditions; (3) development of alloy materials with different bandgaps to allow improved device structures for stability and compatibility with module design; (4) development of improved window/heterojunction layers and contacts to improve device performance and reliability; and (5) evaluation of cell stability with respect to illumination, temperature, and ambient and with respect to device structure and module encapsulation.
Development of a human vasopressin V1a-receptor antagonist from an evolutionary-related insect neuropeptide (2017)

Characterisation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) relies on the availability of a toolbox of ligands that selectively modulate different functional states of the receptors. To uncover such molecules, we explored a unique strategy for ligand discovery that takes advantage of the evolutionary conservation of the 600-million-year-old oxytocin/vasopressin signalling system. We isolated the insect oxytocin/vasopressin orthologue inotocin from the black garden ant (Lasius niger), identified and cloned its cognate receptor and determined its pharmacological properties on the insect and human oxytocin/vasopressin receptors. Subsequently, we identified a functional dichotomy: inotocin activated the insect inotocin and the human vasopressin V<sub>1b</sub> receptors, but inhibited the human V<sub>1a</sub>R. Replacement of Arg8 of inotocin by D-Arg8 led to a potent, stable and competitive V<sub>1a</sub>R-antagonist ([D-Arg8]-inotocin) with a 3,000-fold binding selectivity for the human V<sub>1a</sub>R over the other three subtypes, OTR, V<sub>1b</sub>R and V<sub>2</sub>R. The Arg8/D-Arg8 ligand-pair was further investigated to gain novel insights into the oxytocin/vasopressin peptide-receptor interaction, which led to the identification of key residues of the receptors that are important for ligand functionality and selectivity. These observations could play an important role for development of oxytocin/vasopressin receptor modulators that would enable clear distinction of the physiological and pathological responses of the individual receptor subtypes.
Functional lung MRI and multiple breath washout outcomes over one year in children with cystic fibrosis (2022)

Introduction Lung MRI is a promising tool to monitor early changes in cystic fibrosis (CF). However, there are no data on the ability of functional MRI to assess disease progression in children with CF.
Systematic design of programs with sub-word parallelism (2003)

Upcoming processor generations increasingly provide instructions for sub-word parallelism. Thus, parallel execution of 2, 4 or 8 instructions (add, sub) or of complex instructions (sum of differences) with an input of 2, 4 or 8 operand pairs becomes possible. The exploitation of sub-word parallelism is still weakly supported by current compilers. To close this gap we present an approach to generate programs for processors with sub-word parallelism. To this end we adapt methods from the design of parallel processor arrays. An algorithm representing short term analysis filtering is used to illustrate the approach.