gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Establishment and Characterization of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Envelope-Specific CD4+ T Lymphocyte Lines from HIV-I-Seropositive Patients (1995)

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gp160-, gp120-, and tetanus toxoid-specific CD4+ T lymphocyte lines were developed from 11 HIV-1-seropositive volunteers enrolled in a vaccine therapy trial. Of the 20 HIV-1 envelope-specific T cell lines, 9 were challenged with a panel of overlapping peptides spanning the gp120LAI sequence. The most frequently recognized regions were amino acids 74-105 in the C1 region and 306-328 in the V3 region. When tested against a panel of divergent HIV-1 envelopes, 55% of the envelope-specific lines were able to recognize gp120MN, while only 22% recognized gp120SF2. Cytotoxicity testing with HIV-1 envelope antigen or peptides demonstrated killing by all 3 envelope-specific lines tested. Supernatants from 2 of 9 lines had high titers of p24 gag antigen, which did not seem to interfere with functional properties.
Arginine Vasopressin in the Testis: An Intragonadal Peptide Control System* (1986)

THE NEUROHYPOPHYSIAL hormones constitute a family of nonapeptides best known for their roles in the conservation of body water (antidiuretic effect) and the contraction of uterine (oxytocic effect) and vascular (pressor effect) smooth muscle. All the known naturally occurring neurohypophysial hormones of vertebrates (see Table 1) are endowed with a disulfide bridge (position 1–6) and display phylogenetic constancy for amino acids at positions 1, 5, 6, 7, and 9. In contrast, substitutions have occurred in the remaining amino acids thereby modifying biological activity and potency. While none of the neurohypophysial peptides is entirely selective in terms of its biological properties, one activity tends to predominate. Thus, peptides 1–5 (see Table 1) are predominantly antidiuretic and pressor active while peptides 6–11 are primarily oxytocic. Most species possess a characteristic pair of neurohypophysial peptides regulating antidiuretic and oxytocic activities. In most mammals, this pair is represented by arginine vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin, respectively, whereas lysine vasopressin (LVP) assumes an antidiuretic role in the swine, peccary, and hippopotamus (1–3). Of the 11 known naturally occurring neurohypophysial hormones, only AVP and LVP occur exclusively in mammals (1–3); phenypressin has thus far been found only in marsupials (4). Isotocin, glumitocin, valitocin, and aspartocin are characteristic of nonmammalian species such as the shark (1–3).
Inclusive and differential measurements of the tt¯ charge asymmetry in pp collisions at s=8 TeV (2016)

The t t charge asymmetry is measured in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV.
On the Coupling of Photon Spin to Electron Orbital Angular Momentum (2016)

Partially gold coated 90 degree glass wedges and a semi - infinite slit in a thin film of gold ending in a conducting nano-junction serve as samples to investigate the transfer of photon spin to electron orbital angular momentum. These structures were specifically designed as samples where an incident beam of light is retroreflected. Since in the process of retroreflection the turning sense of a circularly polarized beam of light does not change and the direction of propagation is inverted, the photon spin is inverted. Due to conservation of angular momentum a transfer of photon spin to electron orbital angular momentum of conduction electrons occurs. In the structures a circular movement of electrons is blocked and therefore the transfered spin can be detected as a photovoltage due to an electromotive force which is induced by the transfer of angular momentum. Depending on the polarization of the incident beam, a maximum photovoltage of about 0,2 micro V was measured for both structures. The results are interpreted in terms of a classical electrodynamic model of the monochromatic linearly polarized photon as a propagating solitary electromagnetic wave of finite energy hf which carries an angular momentum h/2pi which is elaborated elsewhere where h is Plancks constant and f the frequency of light. The relative values of the measured photovoltages for different polarizations can well be explained by the electrodynamic model of a photon and an associated spin angular momentum. The absolute values of the measured photovoltages are also consistent with the interpretation. The observed effects are closely related to the lateral Fedorov Imbert shift of focused beams in optics and the optical spin Hall effect and to other non linear optical effects such as the inverse faraday effect for which a new interpretation is given here in terms of the electrodynamic model of the photon and its spin.
Integrating radiomic features from T2-weighted and contrast-enhanced MRI to evaluate pathologic rectal tumor regression after chemoradiation (2019)

A major clinical challenge in rectal cancer currently is non-invasive identification of tumor regression to standard- of-care neoadjuvant chemoradiation (CRT). Multi-parametric MRI is routinely acquired after CRT, but expert radiologists find it highly challenging to assess the degree of tumor regression on both T2-weighted (T2w) and Gadolinium contrast-enhanced (CE) MRI; resulting in poor agreement with gold-standard pathologic evaluation. In this study, we present initial results for integrating quantitative image appearance (radiomic) features from post-CRT T2w and CE MRI towards in vivo assessment of pathologic rectal tumor response to chemoradiation. 29 rectal cancer patients with post-CRT multi-parametric 3 T MRI (with T2w, initial and delayed CE phases) were included in this study. Through spatial co-registration, the treated region of the rectal wall was identified and annotated on T2w and all CE phases (as well as correcting for motion artifacts in CE MRI). 165 radiomic features (including Haralick, Gabor, Laws, Sobel/Kirsch) were separately extracted from each of T2w and 2 CE phases; within the entire rectal wall. The top 2 response-associated radiomic features for each of (a) T2w, (b) 2 CE phases, (c) combined T2w+CE phases were identified via feature selection and evaluated in a leave- one-patient-out cross validation setting. Integrating T2w and CE radiomic features was found to be markedly more accurate (AUC=0.93) for assessing post-CRT pathologic tumor stage, compared to T2w radiomic features (AUC=0.80) and CE radiomic features (AUC=0.63) individually. Top-ranked features captured heterogeneity of gradient responses on T2w MRI and macro-scale Gabor wavelet responses of contrast enhancement on CE MRI. Combining radiomic features from post-CRT T2w and CE MRI may hence enable more comprehensive evaluation of response to neoadjuvant therapy in rectal cancers, which can be used to better guide follow-up interventions.
Massive MIMO With Radio Stripes for Indoor Wireless Energy Transfer (2022)

Radio frequency wireless energy transfer (WET) is a promising solution for powering autonomous Internet of Things (IoT) deployments. In this work, we leverage energy beamforming for powering multiple user equipments (UEs) with stringent energy harvesting (EH) demands in an indoor distributed massive multiple-input multiple-output system. Based on semi-definite programming, successive convex approximation (SCA), and maximum ratio transmission (MRT) techniques, we derive optimal and sub-optimal precoders aimed at minimizing the radio stripes’ transmit power while exploiting information of the power transfer efficiency of the EH circuits at the UEs. Moreover, we propose an analytical framework to assess and control the electromagnetic field (EMF) radiation exposure in the considered indoor scenario. Numerical results show that i) the EMF radiation exposure can be more easily controlled at higher frequencies at the cost of a higher transmit power consumption, ii) training is not a very critical factor for the considered indoor system, iii) MRT/SCA-based precoders are particularly appealing when serving a small number of UEs, thus, especially suitable for implementation in a time domain multiple access (TDMA) scheduling framework, and iv) TDMA is more efficient than spatial domain multiple access (SDMA) when serving a relatively small number of UEs. Results suggest that additional boosting performance strategies are needed to increase the overall system efficiency, thus making the technology viable in practice.
A “self‐pinning” adhesive based on responsive surface wrinkles (2010)

Surface wrinkles are interesting since they form spontaneously into well-defined patterns. The mechanism of formation is well-studied and is associated with the development of a critical compressive stress that induces the elastic instability. In this work, we demonstrate surface wrinkles that dynamically change in response to a stimulus can improve interfacial adhesion with a hydrogel surface through the dynamic evolution of the wrinkle morphology. We observe that this control is related to the local pinning of the crack separation pathway facilitated by the surface wrinkles during debonding, which is dependent on the contact time with the hydrogel.
A comparison of two equivalent circuits for double-layer capacitors (1999)

The double-layer capacitor is a very complex device that is best represented by a distributed parameter system. Many different lumped-parameter equivalent circuits have been proposed for the double-layer capacitor. Presented in this paper is a comparison of the classical equivalent circuit and ladder circuits. Parameters for the classical equivalent circuit are determined from in-situ circuit measurements. AC impedance data is acquired for the capacitor and utilized to determine parameters for the ladder circuits. The performance of the two equivalent circuits is evaluated in slow discharge and pulse load applications. In comparison to the ladder circuits, the classical circuit more accurately calculates the capacitor voltage during a slow discharge. In the pulse load application, the classical circuit and a low order ladder circuit predict approximately the same voltage drop measured in the laboratory.
A novel combination of chemotherapy and immunotherapy controls tumor growth in mice with a human immune system (2017)

Abstract Mice reconstituted with a human immune system and bearing human tumors represent a promising model for developing novel cancer immunotherapies. Here, we used mass cytometry and multi-parametric flow cytometry to characterize human leukocytes infiltrating a human breast cancer tumor model in immunocompromised NOD.SCID.γc-null mice reconstituted with a human immune system and compared it to samples of breast cancer patients. We observed highly activated human CD4 + and CD8 + T cells in the tumor, as well as minor subsets of innate immune cells in both settings. We also report that ICOS + CD4 + regulatory T cells (Treg) were enriched in the tumor relative to the periphery in humanized mice and patients, providing a target to affect Treg and tumor growth. Indeed, administration of a neutralizing mAb to human ICOS reduced Treg proportions and numbers and improved CD4+ T cell proliferation in humanized mice. Moreover, a combination of the anti-ICOS mAb with cyclophosphamide reduced tumor growth, and that was associated with an improved CD8 to Treg ratio. However, depletion of human CD8 + T cells only marginally affected tumor control whereas depletion of murine myeloid cells abrogated the effect of the combination therapy. Altogether, our results indicate that a combination of anti-ICOS mAb and chemotherapy controls tumor growth in humanized mice and highlight the crucial implication of innate immunity in treatment efficacy, opening new perspectives for the treatment of breast cancer. One sentence summary ICOS expressed on Tregs is a promising target to improve tumor immunity in humans Abbreviations ICOS Inducible Costimulatory NSG NOD.SCID.gc-null Treg regulatory T cells CTX cyclophosphamide HuMice humanized mice CyTOF cytometry time-of-flight tSNE tdistributed stochastic neighbor embedding pDCs plasmacytoid dendritic cells DC dendritic cells ICD immunogenic cell death
Supplementary Figure Legends from Low-Dose Paclitaxel Reduces S100A4 Nuclear Import to Inhibit Invasion and Hematogenous Metastasis of Cholangiocarcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;The legends for the supplementary figures 1-7&lt;/p&gt;
Improved Wideband Mechanical Energy Harvester based on Longitudinal Piezoelectric Mode (2012)

In the present paper, we discuss how we can improve the efficiency of a vibration energy harvester (VEH) by considering three main key issues: (i) the optimization of the design shape for more conversion efficiency (ii) the adaptation between the resonant frequency and the vibration one for more extraction of mechanical energy, (iii) the adaptation between the mechanical and electrical damping forces for more extraction of electrical energy.
Effectiveness of Whole, Inactivated, Low Pathogenicity Influenza A(H7N9) Vaccine against Antigenically Distinct, Highly Pathogenic H7N9 Virus (2018)

The recent emergence of highly pathogenic influenza A(H7N9) variants poses a great risk to humans. We show that ferrets vaccinated with low pathogenicity H7N9 virus vaccine do not develop severe symptoms after infection with an antigenically distinct, highly pathogenic H7N9 virus. These results demonstrate the protective benefits of this H7N9 vaccine.
ChemInform Abstract: Fluorous Synthesis: A Fluorous‐Phase Strategy for Improving Separation Efficiency in Organic Synthesis (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Concentric semi-circular split profiling for computed tomographic imaging of electronic beams (2023)

Apparatus and method for analyzing an electron beam including a circular sensor disk adapted to receive the electron beam, an inner semi-circular slit in the circular sensor disk; an outer semi-circular slit in the circular sensor disk wherein the outer semi-circular slit is spaced from the first semi-circular slit by a fixed distance; a system for sweeping the electron beam radially outward from the central axis to the inner semi-circular slit and outer second semi-circular slit; a sensor structure operatively connected to the circular sensor disk wherein the sensor structure receives the electron beam when it passes over the inner semi-circular slit and the outer semi-circular slit; and a device for measuring the electron beam that is intercepted by the inner semi-circular slit and the outer semi-circular slit.
4-Nitrophenyl tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (2006)

In the title compound, C20H23NO12, the pyran­oside ring adopts a 4C1 chair conformation, with all substituents oriented in equatorial positions. The endocyclic C—O—C angle is in agreement with the geometry of the equatorial glycosidic bond, typical for the β-d-4C1 pyran­oside conformation.
Non-Pharmacological Therapies for the Management of Osteoarthritis in Guidelines: Discrepancies and Translating Evidence in Practices (2012)

Osteoarthritis (OA) refers to a syndrome of joint pain accompanied by functional limitation and reduced quality of life. The treatment of OA syndrome is dominated by pharmacological treatments, including analgesics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that relieve symptoms but fail to modify disease progression. However, according to the most popular guidelines for good management of OA, the optimal treatment requires a combination of non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatments. The chapter gives a critical analysis of the most popular recommendations for the non-pharmacological management of knee, hip and hand OA. This chapter provides useful guidance and support for health care professionals making treatment decisions. It also describes the barriers to implement OA guidelines in clinical practice.
Microvascular imaging of the unstained human superior colliculus using synchrotron-radiation phase-contrast microtomography (2022)

Characterizing the microvasculature of the human brain is critical to advance understanding of brain vascular function. Most methods rely on tissue staining and microscopy in two-dimensions, which pose several challenges to visualize the three-dimensional structure of microvessels. In this study, we used an edge-based segmentation method to extract the 3D vasculature from synchrotron radiation phase-contrast microtomography (PC-μCT) of two unstained, paraffin-embedded midbrain region of the human brain stem. Vascular structures identified in PC-μCT were validated with histology of the same specimen. Using the Deriche-Canny edge detector that was sensitive to the boundary between tissue and vascular space, we could segment the vessels independent of signal variations in PC-μCT images. From the segmented volumetric vasculature, we calculated vessel diameter, vessel length and volume fraction of the vasculature in the superior colliculi. From high resolution images, we found the most frequent vessel diameter to be between 8.6-10.2 µm. Our findings are consistent with the known anatomy showing two types of vessels with distinctive morphology: peripheral collicular vessels and central collicular vessels. The proposed method opens up new possibilities for vascular research of the central nervous system using synchrotron radiation PC-μCT of unstained human tissue.
Chromophoric self-assembled NLO multilayer materials: real time observation of monolayer growth and microstructural evolution by in situ second harmonic generation techniques (1993)

The self-assembling adsorption/quaternization of a (dialkylamino)stilbazole nonlinear optical chromophore precursor onto benzyl chloride-prefunctionalized surfaces is studied in situ by polarized second harmonic generation techniques. The measurements reveal that the self-assembly kinetics are approximately biexponential (I<sub>2ω</sub><sup>1/2</sup> ∼ (1 - α<sub>1</sub>e<sup>-k1t</sup> - α<sub>2</sub><sup>-k2t</sup>)) with a rapid initial phase, followed by a slower second phase. The in situ measurements also indicate that the average tilt angle of the chromophore dipole moment direction with respect to the surface normal increases significantly (∼20° → 42°) in the initial phases of chromophore adsorption and then remains nearly constant. These results suggest substantial chromophore-chromophore electrostatic and steric repulsion as monolayer growth proceeds. The maximum chromophore coverage observed corresponds to ∼49 Å<sup>2</sup>/ molecule and χ<sup>(2)</sup> = 3 × 10<sup>-7</sup> esu at λ = 1064 nm.
A Network Coding Approach to IP Traceback (2010)

Traceback schemes aim at identifying the source(s) of a sequence of packets and the nodes these packets traversed. This is useful for tracing the sources of high volume traffic, e.g., in Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attacks. In this paper, we are particularly interested in Probabilistic Packet Marking (PPM) schemes, where intermediate nodes probabilistically mark packets with information about their identity and the receiver uses information from several packets to reconstruct the paths they have traversed. Our work is inspired by two observations. First, PPM is essentially a coupon collector's problem. Second, the coupon collector's problem significantly benefits from network coding ideas. Based on these observations, we propose a network coding-based approach (PPM+NC) that marks packets with random linear combinations of router IDs, instead of individual router IDs. We demonstrate its benefits through analysis. We then propose a practical PPM+NC scheme based on the main PPM+NC idea, but also taking into account the limited bit budget in the IP header available for marking and other practical constraints. Simulation results show that our scheme significantly reduces the number of packets needed to reconstruct the attack graph, in both single- and multi-path scenarios, thus increasing the speed of tracing the attack back to its source(s).
Effective use of PI3K inhibitor BKM120 and PARP inhibitor Olaparib to treat PIK3CA mutant ovarian cancer (2016)

Recent preclinical studies revealed the efficacy of combined use of PI3K inhibitor BKM120 and PARP inhibitor Olaparib in breast and prostate cancers. The current study investigated the effect of such drug combination on ovarian cancer. Here we showed that combined inhibition of PI3K and PARP effectively synergized to inhibit proliferation, survival and invasion in the majority of ovarian cancer cell lines harboring PIK3CA mutations, including SKOV3, HEYA8, and IGROV1. Mechanistically, combined treatment of PARP and PI3K inhibitors resulted in an exacerbated DNA damage response and more substantially reduced AKT/mTOR signaling when compared to single-agent. Notably, ovarian cancer cells responsive to the PI3K/PARP combination displayed decreased BRCA1/2 expression upon drug treatment. Furthermore, the effect of the drug combination was corroborated in an intraperitoneal dissemination xenograft mouse model in which SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells responded with significantly decreased BRCA1 expression, suppressed PI3K/AKT signaling and reduced tumor burden. Collectively, our data suggested that combined inhibition of PI3K and PARP may be an effective therapeutic strategy for ovarian cancers with PIK3CA mutations and that the accompanied BRCA downregulation following PI3K inhibition could serve as a biomarker for the effective response to PARP inhibition.
High electron mobility triangular InGaAs-OI nMOSFETs with (111)B side surfaces formed by MOVPE growth on narrow fin structures (2013)

Triangular In <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.53</inf> Ga <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.47</inf> As-OI nMOSFETs with smooth (111)B side surfaces on Si have been successfully fabricated. Triangular shaped channels with bottom width down to 30 nm were formed by MOVPE growth on narrow InGaAs-OI fins. The formed (111)B surface was demonstrated to provide higher mobility compared with reference InGaAs-OI tri-gate (1.9×) as well as bulk (100) InGaAs nMOSFETs (1.6×), which is possibly due to reduced D <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">it</inf> in conduction band and resultant suppressed carrier trapping at the MOS interface. Lower noise and hysteresis in triangular device supported this model. High I <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on</inf> value of 930 μA/μm at L <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">g</inf> = 300 nm indicates the potential of the triangular InGaAs-OI nMOSFETs for ultra-low power and high performance CMOS applications.