gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of Bence-Jones protein synthesis by RNA interference (49.30) (2007)

Abstract A main contributing factor to the morbidity and mortality of patients with multiple myeloma results from the pathologic deposition as casts within renal tubules of monoclonal Ig light chains, i.e., Bence-Jones proteins (BJP). As an alternative to plasma cell chemotherapy to reduce BJP synthesis and thus prevent myeloma (cast) nephropathy we have investigated another means to achieve this objective, namely, RNA interference (RNAi). Experimentally, we have stably transfected the SP2/O mouse myeloma cells with a construct containing the V, J, and C region of a λ BJP (Wil) under the control of a CMV promoter and have shown that they constitutively express measurable quantities of mRNA and protein Wil. Treatment of these cells with synthetic, small double stranded RNA based on the Wil protein sequence reduced target mRNA levels by 2-fold at 48 h and protein production by 30% at 72 h, as compared with controls. These data provide conclusive evidence that RNAi can effectively reduce BJP production in vitro and provide the base for testing the clinical potential of this strategy using a relevant in vivo murine model of myeloma (cast) nephropathy.
Generating Images from Captions with Attention (2015)

Motivated by the recent progress in generative models, we introduce a model that generates images from natural language descriptions. The proposed model iteratively draws patches on a canvas, while attending to the relevant words in the description. After training on Microsoft COCO, we compare our model with several baseline generative models on image generation and retrieval tasks. We demonstrate that our model produces higher quality samples than other approaches and generates images with novel scene compositions corresponding to previously unseen captions in the dataset.
Racing Thompson: an Efficient Algorithm for Thompson Sampling with Non-conjugate Priors (2017)

Thompson sampling has impressive empirical performance for many multi-armed bandit problems. But current algorithms for Thompson sampling only work for the case of conjugate priors since these algorithms require to infer the posterior, which is often computationally intractable when the prior is not conjugate. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm for Thompson sampling which only requires to draw samples from a tractable distribution, so our algorithm is efficient even when the prior is non-conjugate. To do this, we reformulate Thompson sampling as an optimization problem via the Gumbel-Max trick. After that we construct a set of random variables and our goal is to identify the one with highest mean. Finally, we solve it with techniques in best arm identification.
Second-order semi-aplanatic freeform optics as a limit case of the SMS 3D design method (2022)

Second-order semi-aplanatism provides better imaging quality along a line of the object plane close to a point than conventional aplanatic optics, which is of interest in applications with high aspect ratio sensors. Designing an optic with second-order semi-aplanatism requires the use of freeform surfaces, and can be done as a limit case of the SMS 3D design method applied to stigmatically image 3 collinear object points. The algorithm for this specific design problem is described and a lens example with 3 freeform surfaces is designed and analyzed.
Telebiometric information security and safety management (2014)

This article presents proposals to improve the security, safety, and management of biometric systems, and the privacy of system users. First, a standard system heartbeat message is proposed for monitoring the safety, security, performance, and availability of distributed telebiometric devices, and for alerting system administrators to security and safety events and changes. Next, an event journal standard is proposed for the collection of data needed to manage the safe and secure operation of telebiometric devices. Third, a cryptographic message schema standard is proposed for the protection of event journals, heartbeat messages, biometric reference templates, and other telebiometric information using digital signature, encryption, and signcryption techniques.
Computation-skip error resilient scheme for recursive CORDIC (2014)

Aggressive voltage and frequency scaling are widely utilized to exploit the design margin introduced by the process, voltage and environment variations. However, scaling beyond the critical voltage or frequency results to numerous timing errors, and hence unacceptable output quality. In this paper, a computation-skip (CS) scheme is proposed for recursive digital signal processors with a fixed cycles per instruction (CPI) to correct timing errors. A CORDIC processor with the proposed CS scheme still functions when scaling beyond the sub-critical voltage or frequency. It improves EVM by 47.9 dB at its most critical frequency or supply voltage, and extends the voltage scaling limit by 90 mV w.r.t the conventional CORDIC. Besides, it is more than 1.7X energy efficient w.r.t. the conventional high-speed CORDIC, which is designed for a more aggressive scaling.
External noise yields a surprise: What template? (2010)

Detection and discrimination of signals in external noise can provide a wealth of information about suprathreshold processing. Recently a number of researchers (including us) have used external noise to calculate the classification image that is presumably an estimate of the observer's template. Here we call into question the fixed template framework. We measured the detection and discrimination of a Gabor-like patch in the presence of external noise using a double-pass method. Our grating stimulus was: cos(y)^10 cos(12y) for y going from −0.5 to +0.5 deg. This is the sum of 11 harmonics from 1 to 11 c/deg. The superimposed noise was the sum of the same 11 harmonics with random amplitudes and random phase. The rms noise contrast was equal across components and varied over a wide range across runs. A rating scale method of constant stimulus was used. Linear regression of the observer's responses onto the eleven cosine noise components gives an accurate classification image (with far fewer trials than with the cross-correlation method). The experiment is repeated using identical random noise and identical stimuli. The consistency of the responses to the identical stimuli is used to estimate the ratio, R, specifying the consistent vs. the random component of multiplicative noise. An alternative method for calculating R is based on the ratio of the observer's d′ divided by the d′ of an ideal observer using the observer's classification template. Our experimental results show that for both detection and discrimination, R, determined by the double pass method is about half of R determined by the d' ratio. That is, the double pass method shows much more consistency of responses than would be expected from the observers' d′. The simplest explanation is that rather than there being a single template, the multichannel model is still operating at suprathreshold levels. Different channels are optimal on different trials producing a consistent, but inefficient response.
Improved instance segmentation of immune cells in human lupus nephritis biopsies with Mask R-CNN (2020)

We demonstrate an instance segmentation method with Mask R-CNN using a ResNet-101 plus Feature Pyramid Network convolutional backbone to segment and classify T cells and antigen presenting cells (APCs) in multi-channel fluorescence confocal images. This network improves on our previous cell distance mapping (CDM) pipeline, which used a custom 10- layer convolutional neural network for cell segmentation. We have validated Mask R-CNN on two independent datasets of fluorescence confocal images: 1) mouse lymph node tissue, and 2) human lupus nephritis (LuN) biopsies. For dataset 1, mice were injected with fluorescent dendritic cells and two populations of fluorescent T cells. Mask R-CNN improved sensitivity averaged across all cell types from 0.88 to 0.94. Specificity improved from 0.92 to 0.95 across all cell types, and intersection over union score (IOU) improved significantly from 0.82 to 0.86 (p &lt; 0.0001). Human LuN biopsies in dataset 2 were stained with two T cell markers and two APC markers, with separate staining panels to identify different populations of APCs. Mask R-CNN again improved segmentation and classification averaged across all cell types, increasing overall sensitivity from 0.72 to 0.76, specificity from 0.86 to 0.93, and significantly increasing IOU from 0.71 to 0.81 (p &lt; 0.0001). Improved IOU scores are particularly important in CDM to be able to quantify cell shape for identification of functional interactions of immune cells. Mask R-CNN is therefore a superior method for instance segmentation of immune cells in microscopy images for image analysis of cellular function in pathological immune states.
A pair selection algorithm for robust RO-PUF against environmental variations and aging (2015)

Physically Unclonable Functions (PUFs) have emerged as a promising security primitive for low-cost authentication and cryptographic key generation. However, PUF stability with respect to temporal variations still limits its utility and widespread acceptance. Previous techniques in the literature have focused on improving PUF robustness against voltage and temperature variations, but the issues associated with aging have been largely neglected. In this paper, we propose a reliable pair selection algorithm (RePa) that can generate reliable keys from an RO-PUF under aging, voltage, and temperature variations. The RePa approach selects RO pairs with both initial frequency difference and aging rate/slope in mind. The aging slope is predicted by exploiting correlation that exists between frequency variation with respect to voltage and frequency variation with respect to aging. We evaluate RePa with simulations to show that it achieves significant improvement over the current state of the art in terms of reliability and cost. The proposed approach can achieve ~ 3.0x more robust key with only ~ 2.3x more ROs required than the conventional RO-PUF pair selection for the same key size.
Generation of a mouse tumor necrosis factor mutant with antiperitonitis and desensitization activities comparable to those of the wild type but with reduced systemic toxicity (1997)

In this study, we investigated whether the recently identified lectin-like domain of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is implicated in its biological activities on mammalian cells. To this end, a mouse TNF (mTNF) triple mutant, T104A-E106A-E109A mTNF (referred to hereafter as triple mTNF), lacking the lectin-like affinity of mTNF for specific oligosaccharides, was compared with the wild-type molecule for various TNF effects in vitro and in vivo. The triple mTNF displayed a 50-fold-reduced TNF receptor 2 (TNFR2)-mediated bioactivity but only a 5-fold-reduced TNFR1-mediated bioactivity in vitro. The specific activity of the triple mutant on L929 fibrosarcoma cells was slightly reduced compared with that of the wild type. We subsequently assessed the systemic toxicity of triple versus wild-type mTNF, since TNFR2 is partially implicated in this activity. The triple mTNF had a significantly reduced toxicity compared with that of wild-type mTNF in vivo. Moreover, we compared the effects of the triple and the wild-type mTNFs in TNFR1-mediated phenomena, such as (i) induction of tolerance towards a lethal mTNF dose and (ii) protective activity in cecal ligation and puncture-induced septic peritonitis. No significant differences between the mutant and wild-type forms were observed. In conclusion, these results indicate that triple mTNF, lacking TNF's lectin-like binding capacity, has reduced systemic toxicity but retains the tolerance-inducing and peritonitis-protective activities of wild-type mTNF.
Seizures induced by combined levomepromazine-fluvoxamine treatment (1993)

We report a case of combined levomepromazine-fluvoxamine treatment-induced seizures. It seems that combined treatment of fluvoxamine with phenothiazines may possess proconvulsive activity.
A delta-structured switched-capacitor equalizer for series-connected battery strings (2017)

A delta-structured switched-capacitor equalizer (DSSCE) is proposed to achieve the automatic any-cells-to-any-cells (AC2AC) balancing for a long battery string, leading to the fast-speed and high-efficiency balancing. Only two switches are required for each battery cell, and one capacitor is set for any two cells, materializing the delta-structured switched capacitors (SC). All MOSFETs are triggered by two complementary PWM signals, and energy can be automatically and directly exchanged among all cells without the need of cell monitoring. The proposed system has the advantages of simple control, high efficiency, and direct, simultaneous, and automatic equalization among cells. A prototype system for four LiFePO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> battery cells is set up. Experimental results demonstrate the proposed topology has an improved balancing performance with a high balancing efficiency of 94.5%.
Towards sensors and quantum registers using color center in diamond and nanophotonic structures(Conference Presentation) (2016)

Metamaterials and metasurfaces can be seen as a novel approach for constructing practical quantum photonic systems. In this talk, we present our recent advances in controlling single-photon emission from nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color centers in nanodiamonds using CMOS-compatible hyperbolic metamaterials. Further, we discuss how an increased photonic density of states affects the optical readout of the NV center spin-state. These results can be useful for engineering on-chip room-temperature quantum registers.
On the Impact of Mobile Network Delays on Connection Establishment Performance of a Carrier Grade NAT Device (2014)

IPv4 addresses are nearly exhausted worldwide. For some time until IPv6 becomes pervasive as an ultimate solution, deployment of Carrier Grade NAT (CGN) devices becomes necessary, especially in the mobile carriers' networks which anticipate a large and growing number of new users. In this context, we tackle the evaluation of the impact of inserting a CGN device in the network, and in conjunction with the mobile network communication delays. We compare the Connection Establishment Rate (CER) with or without a CGN device, also with or without the emulated mobile network communication delays. Against our anticipation, the types of time-varying mobile network delays do not have a significant impact on CER. The effect of the changing delay fades away in the aggregation of many user traffic at the core part of the network, even though the time-varying mobile network communication delays are individually and separately emulated for each user. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first to study the relationship between the CGN performance and the mobile network's communication delays. The result suggests that modeling the aggregate traffic trend (such as the constant delay portion in the network dynamics) is more important rather than emulating each user's traffic separately.
Accurate Estimation of Switching Losses in SiC Power MOSFET’s (2014)

Accurate estimation of switching losses is difficult in SiC power MOSFET’s because of their low on-state resistance and small inter electrode capacitances. Even a small parasitic component present in the power switching measurement circuitry can cause significant error in the measured loss due to circuit ringing. This paper presents an approach to accurately estimate the switching losses in a high-speed low on-resistance SiC power MOSFET using a combination of circuit modeling and switching measurements.
Evaluation of GaN substrates grown in supercritical basic ammonia (2009)

GaN crystals grown by the basic ammonothermal method were investigated for their use as substrates for device regrowth. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that the substrates contained multiple grains while secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) revealed a high concentration of hydrogen, oxygen, and sodium. Despite these drawbacks, the emission from the light emitting diode structures grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition on both the c-plane and m-plane epitaxial wafers was demonstrated. The SIMS depth profiles showed that the diffusion of the alkali metal from the substrate into the epitaxial film was small, especially in the m-direction.
An autoencoder neural-network based low-dimensionality approach to excitation modeling for HMM-based text-to-speech (2010)

HMM-TTS synthesis is a popular approach toward flexible, low-footprint, data driven systems that produce highly intelligible speech. In spite of these strengths, speech generated by these systems exhibit some degradation in quality, attributable to an inadequacy in modeling the excitation signal that drives the parametric models of the vocal tract. This paper proposes a novel method for modeling the excitation as a low-dimensional set of coefficients, based on a non-linear map learned through an autoencoder. Through analysis-and-resynthesis experiments, and a formal listening test, we show that this model produces speech of higher perceptual quality compared to conventional pulse-excited speech signals at the p <; 0.01 significance level.
Amblyopia Cannot Be Explained by considering Only Detection Thresholds (1980)

Threshold function and suprathreshold performance for nonacuity stimuli are compared for an amblyope who exhibits a low as well as a high spatial frequency threshold abnormality. The results show that (i) a suprathreshold abnormality involving discrimination and localization of easily visible stimuli occurs in amblyopia and (ii) suprathreshold abnormalities occur in amblyopia independent of any threshold dysfunction.
Session details: Verification (2015)

The technical column on verification presents an invited contribution by Darren Cofer (Rockwell Collins Advanced Technology Center) titled "You Keep Using That Word" in this issue of the SIGLOG newsletter. The "Word" refers to certification of software for commercial aircraft. Papers on formal methods and other software verification techniques often use the need to verify safety critical software as motivation for the work. The certifying authority in the US for commercial airline software is the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), which recently released DO-178B titled Software considerations in airborne systems and equipment certification---an official guideline for certifying avionics software. The article provides an overview of the DO- 178B document and the accompanying Formal Methods Supplement DO-333, which lay out the conditions under which tools based on formal methods can be leveraged to certify avionics software. This article provides an introduction to these documents for the formal methods audience, which I believe to be extremely timely.
Spare Cells With Constant Insertion for Engineering Change (2009)

Engineering change (EC) is the process of modifying a VLSI design implementation to eliminate design errors, to add new specifica- tions, or to correct design constraint violations. Usually, an EC problem is resolved by using spare cells that have been inserted into unused spaces on a chip. In this paper, we describe an iterative method to determine feasible mapping solutions for an EC problem considering spare cells whose inputs can be connected to Vd dor Gnd. Setting some of the cell inputs to fixed values is referred to as constant insertion. Constant insertion can increase cells' functional flexibility. Our experimental results suggest that constant insertion reduces the area required to find a feasible mapping solution to 80% of that with no constant insertion for the selected EC equations. We also show a procedure for modifying the initial feasible EC solution such that the routing or timing improves.
Simultaneous measurement of metabolic rates of oxygen via 17O NMR imaging in brain and muscle tissue of rat at 16.4T (2017)

In this study, we exploit the feasibility of the 17O MRSI technique for simultaneous measurement of the metabolic rates of oxygen in brain and surrounding muscle based on ROI analysis of dynamics of tissue H217O time courses acquired at 16.4T with 3D 17O MRSI. An established three-phase model originally developed for brain application was extended with certain assumptions applied to the resting temporalis muscle of rats.
A Novel Sorting Nexin Modulates Endocytic Trafficking and α-Secretase Cleavage of the Amyloid Precursor Protein (2008)

Ectodomain shedding of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) by the two proteases alpha- and beta-secretase is a key regulatory event in the generation of the Alzheimer disease amyloid beta peptide (Abeta). beta-Secretase catalyzes the first step in Abeta generation, whereas alpha-secretase cleaves within the Abeta domain, prevents Abeta generation, and generates a secreted form of APP with neuroprotective properties. At present, little is known about the cellular mechanisms that control APP alpha-secretase cleavage and Abeta generation. To explore the contributory pathways, we carried out an expression cloning screen. We identified a novel member of the sorting nexin (SNX) family of endosomal trafficking proteins, called SNX33, as a new activator of APP alpha-secretase cleavage. SNX33 is a homolog of SNX9 and was found to be a ubiquitously expressed phosphoprotein. Exogenous expression of SNX33 in cultured cells increased APP alpha-secretase cleavage 4-fold but surprisingly had little effect on beta-secretase cleavage. This effect was similar to the expression of the dominant negative dynamin-1 mutant K44A. SNX33 bound the endocytic GTPase dynamin and reduced the rate of APP endocytosis in a dynamin-dependent manner. This led to an increase of APP at the plasma membrane, where alpha-secretase cleavage mostly occurs. In summary, our study identifies SNX33 as a new endocytic protein, which modulates APP endocytosis and APP alpha-secretase cleavage, and demonstrates that the rate of APP endocytosis is a major control factor for APP alpha-secretase cleavage.
Globo-H Ceramide Shed from Cancer Cells Triggers Translin-Associated Factor X-Dependent Angiogenesis (2014)

Tumor angiogenesis is a critical element of cancer progression, and strategies for its selective blockade are still sought. Here, we examine the angiogenic effects of Globo-H ceramide (GHCer), the most prevalent glycolipid in a majority of epithelial cancers and one that acts as an immune checkpoint. Here, we report that GHCer becomes incorporated into endothelial cells through the absorption of microvesicles shed from tumor cells. In endothelial cells, GHCer addition induces migration, tube formation, and intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization in vitro and angiogenesis in vivo. Breast cancer cells expressing high levels of GHCer displayed relatively greater tumorigenicity and angiogenesis compared with cells expressing low levels of Globo-H. Clincally, GHCer(+) breast cancer specimens contained higher vessel density than GHCer(-) breast cancer specimens. Mechanistic investigations linked the angiogenic effects of GHCer to its endocytosis and binding to TRAX, with consequent release of PLCβ1 from TRAX to trigger Ca(2+) mobilization. Together, our findings highlight the importance of GHC as a target for cancer therapy by providing new information on its key role in tumor angiogenesis.
Higher-Order-Mode Fiber Amplifiers (2010)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text J. W. Nicholson, C. Headley, J. Phillips, A. Desantolo, E. Gonzalos, S. Ghalmi, M. F. Yan, P. W. Wisk, D. Trevor, J. Fleming, E. Monberg, F. Dimarcello, R. S. Windeler, J. M. Fini, D. J. DiGiovanni, and S. Ramachandran, "Higher-Order-Mode Fiber Amplifiers," in Lasers, Sources and Related Photonic Devices, OSA Technical Digest Series (CD) (Optica Publishing Group, 2010), paper LSWD1. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article