gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Progestins increase insulin receptor content and insulin stimulation of growth in human breast carcinoma cells. (1990)

The effects of progesterone on the growth of breast carcinoma cells are undefined. In the present study we investigated the effect of progestins on insulin receptor gene expression and insulin action in human breast cancer cells. Treatment of T47D cells with the synthetic progestin R5020 induced a time- and dose-dependent increase in insulin receptor content as measured by both ligand-binding studies and radioimmunoassay. Binding was half-maximally stimulated at 300 pM R5020 and maximal levels were reached after 4 days of treatment. Progesterone was 10-fold less potent than R5020. Cortisol had no effect on insulin receptor levels, while 17 beta-estradiol and dihydrotestosterone had minimal effects. Progestin treatment both increased insulin receptor mRNA levels and altered the relative distribution of the multiple insulin receptor mRNA transcripts. In order to study the functional significance of the increased insulin receptor levels, we incubated T47D cells with progesterone and then treated them with insulin. Insulin alone had a small effect on cell growth; however, the effect of insulin was markedly potentiated by progesterone treatment. These studies in breast cancer cells demonstrate, therefore, that insulin receptor gene expression is under the regulation of progestins and raise the possibility that progestin-insulin interactions may regulate breast cancer cell growth in vivo.
Rapid self-healing and anion selectivity in metallosupramolecular gels assisted by fluorine–fluorine interactions (2017)

Simple ML<sub>2</sub> [M = Fe(ii), Co(ii), Ni(ii)] complexes obtained from a perfluoroalkylamide derivative of 4-aminophenyl-2,2',6,2'-terpyridine spontaneously, yet anion selectively, self-assemble into gels, which manifest an unprecedented rapid gel strength recovery, viz. self-healing, and thermal rearrangement in aqueous dimethyl sulfoxide. The key factor for gelation and rheological properties emerges from the fluorine-fluorine interactions between the perfluorinated chains, as the corresponding hydrocarbon derivative did not form metallogels. The perfluoro-terpyridine ligand alone formed single crystals, while its Fe(ii), Co(ii) or Ni(ii) complexes underwent rapid gelation leading to highly entangled fibrillar networks visualized by electron microscopy. The thermodynamic parameters of gelation based on variable temperature NMR <sup>1</sup>H and <sup>19</sup>F resonances showed that gelation was enthalpically favourable and entropically disfavourable. The step strain rheological experiments revealed that the gels undergo rapid self-healing and the morphological features, thermal stability and mechanical properties were found to depend on the nature of the metal ion.
Titanium oxide films on Si(100) deposited by electron-beam evaporation at 250 °C (2000)

Titanium oxide films with a thickness of a 400 nm were deposited on p-type Si(100) at 250 °C by electron-beam evaporation where titanium dioxide was evaporated in oxygen environment at a pressure of 2×10−6–4×10−5 Torr. Effects of oxygen flow rate (FO2) between 0 and 40 sccm on properties such as crystallinity, surface roughness, and chemical states of the films have been investigated. Oxygen resonance backscattering spectroscopy shows that all films are oxygen rich, i.e., the ratio of oxygen to titanium of the films ranged from 2.25 to 2.3. X-ray diffraction patterns show that these films grown at 250 °C are polycrystalline of anatase TiO2. Ti K-edge x-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) spectra show that the films have mixed phases of anatase and rutile TiO2. More than 70% of the films is anatase TiO2 and its proportion of the films is decreased with increasing FO2. XANES spectra from the films grown at FO2=0 sccm are very similar to that of the powdered anatase TiO2. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicates that there exist Ti2+, Ti3+, and Ti4+ charge states in the film grown at FO2≦10 sccm but there exist only Ti3+ and Ti4+ charge states in the film grown at FO2&amp;gt;10 sccm.
2′‐Aminomethylbiphenyl‐2‐carboxylic Acid as Component of a Cyclopeptide; Crystal Structure and Conformation in Solution (1989)

The same conformation in the crystal and in chloroform (NMR data) is displayed by the biphenyl-containing cyclopeptide 1, the biphenyl units of which have S,S configuration. It can be separated chromatographically from the atropisomers, (R,S) and (R,R), also formed in the synthesis. The conformation of 1 is stabilized by two hydrogen bonds between the short peptide chains.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Hyperolactones A and C. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Comparison of beamforming and diversity approaches for the coverage extension of W-CDMA macro cells (2002)

Antenna arrays are typically considered as capacity boosters in cellular networks. This paper studies the uplink coverage of different antenna array configurations in the wideband code-division multiple access system (W-CDMA). The paper describes the simulation parameters and discusses the simulation results. The simulations assume a macro cellular propagation environment with relatively narrow angular spread. The results show that antenna arrays at the BS provide a feasible way to improve the uplink coverage of the W-CDMA system. The diversity approach is best suitable for the low mobility environments whereas beamforming is well suited for environments having time and multipath diversity. The worst case environments from the beamforming point of view are those lacking both time and multipath diversity. It can be seen from the results that as the number of antennas increases the beamforming approach becomes more attractive than diversity methods.
Light- and Chemical-Doping-Induced Magnetic Behavior of Eu Molecular Systems (2023)

Variable temperature electron paramagnetic resonance (VT-EPR) was used to investigate the role of the environment and oxidation states of several coordinated Eu compounds. We find that while Eu(III) chelating complexes are diamagnetic, simple chemical reduction results in the formation of paramagnetic species. In agreement with the distorted <i>D</i><sub>3h</sub> symmetry of Eu molecular complexes investigated in this study, the EPR spectrum of reduced complexes showed axially symmetric signals (<i>g</i><sub>⊥</sub> = 2.001 and <i>g</i><sub>∥</sub> = 1.994) that were successfully simulated with two Eu isotopes with nuclear spin 5/2 (<sup>151</sup>Eu and <sup>153</sup>Eu with 48% and 52% natural abundance, respectively) and nuclear <i>g</i>-factors <sup>151</sup>Eu/<sup>153</sup>Eu = 2.27. Illumination of water-soluble complex Eu(dipic)<sub>3</sub> at 4 K led to the ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) that resulted in the formation of Eu(II) in a rhombic environment (<i>g<sub>x</sub></i> = 2.006, <i>g<sub>y</sub></i> = 1.995, <i>g<sub>z</sub></i> = 1.988). The existence of LMCT affects the luminescence of Eu(dipic)<sub>3</sub>, and pre-reduction of the complex to Eu(II)(dipic)<sub>3</sub> reversibly reduces red luminescence with the appearance of a weak CT blue luminescence. Furthermore, encapsulation of a large portion of the dipic ligand with Cucurbit[7]uril, a pumpkin-shaped macrocycle, inhibited ligand-to-metal charge transfer, preventing the formation of Eu(II) upon illumination.
Functional and structural characterization of HspB1/Hsp27 from Chinese hamster ovary cells (2019)

Small heat shock proteins (sHsps) endow cells with stress tolerance. Of the various sHsps in mammals, HspB1, also known as Hsp27, is the most ubiquitous. To examine the structure and function of HspB1, we expressed, purified, and characterized HspB1 from Chinese hamster (Cricetulus griseus) ovary cells (CgHspB1). CgHspB1 forms a large oligomeric structure. We observed a monodisperse 16-mer with an elongated sphere, but this is affected by changes in various conditions, including temperature. Under dilute conditions, CgHspB1 dissociates into small oligomers at elevated temperatures. The dissociated conformers interacted with the gel filtration column through hydrophobic interactions. In contrast, dissociation of the oligomer was not observed by small-angle X-ray scattering at 55 °C. The result partially coincides with the results of size exclusion chromatography, showing that dissociation did not occur at high protein concentrations. However, a significant structural change in the oligomeric conformations appears to occur between room and higher temperatures. Reflecting their status as homeotherms, mammalian sHsps are regulated by phosphorylation. A phosphorylation mimic mutant of CgHspB1 with the replacement of Ser15 to Asp exhibited relatively lower oligomer stability and greater protective ability against thermal aggregation than the wild-type protein. The result clearly shows a correlation between oligomer dissociation and chaperone activity.
Toward a Topological Characterization of Asynchronous Complexity (2006)

This paper introduces the use of topological models and methods, formerly used to analyze computability, as tools for the quantification and classification of asynchronous complexity. We present the first asynchronous complexity theorem, applied to decision tasks in the iterated immediate snapshot (IIS) model of Borowsky and Gafni. We do so by introducing a novel form of topological tool called the nonuniform chromatic subdivision. Building on the framework of Herlihy and Shavit’s topological computability model, our theorem states that the time complexity of any asynchronous algorithm is directly proportional to the level of nonuniform chromatic subdivisions necessary to allow a simplicial map from a task’s input complex to its output complex. To show the power of our theorem, we use it to derive a new tight bound on the time to achieve n process approximate agreement in the IIS model: $\bigl\lceil \log_d \frac{\max\_input - \min\_input}{\epsilon} \bigr\rceil$, where $d = 3$ for two processes and $d = 2$ for three or more. This closes an intriguing gap between the known upper and lower bounds implied by the work of Aspnes and Herlihy. More than the new bounds themselves, the importance of our asynchronous complexity theorem is that the algorithms and lower bounds it allows us to derive are intuitive and simple, with topological proofs that require no mention of concurrency at all.
2P094 Localization of Prefoldin Interaction Sites in Group II Chaperonin and Correlations between Binding Rate and Protein Transfer Rate(31. Protein folding and misfolding (II),Poster Session,Abstract,Meeting Program of EABS & BSJ 2006) (2006)

Tu im'estigate effects of hydrationXdehydratien on protein folding. we fo11owcd
Adapted Dynamic Meshes for Deformable Surfaces (2006)

Deformable objects play an important role in many applications, such as animation and simulation. Effective computation with deformable surfaces can be achieved through the use of dynamic meshes. In this paper, we introduce a framework for constructing and maintaining a time-varying adapted mesh structure that conforms to the underlying deformable surface. The adaptation function employs error metrics based on stochastic sampling. Our scheme combines normal and tangential geometric correction with refinement and simplification resolution control. Furthermore, it applies to both parametric and implicit surface descriptions. As the result, we obtain a simple and efficient general scheme that can be used for a wide range of computations
Autonomous Inflow Control Valve for Heavy and Extra-Heavy Oil (2014)

Abstract One of the challenges in heavy and extra heavy oil production are the relatively low recovery rate. A major challenge is to improve recovery from existing fields by developing and implementing new technologies that make mature and marginal fields more profitable. One of the challenges in heavy oil field with water drive or gas cap is the mobility ratio. Due to the high viscosity water and/or gas breakthrough will occur after short time production. This means that after a period of production, all wells will have water and/or gas breakthrough. As the breakthrough expands the production have to be limited due to excessive gas and/or water production. This means that production from the well have to be choked or stopped, even there is oil left along the wellbore. Inflow Control Device (ICD) and Autonomous Inflow Control Device (AICD) has shown that the oil production and recovery can be increased significantly with better inflow control along the well. However, neither ICD nor AICD is able to shut off the unwanted gas and water production completely. The newly developed and patented Autonomous Inflow Control Valve (AICV®) can shut off the unwanted fluid completely. This is the next generation autonomous inflow control. The technology can be installed in both new horizontal wells and recompleted into old wells with high water productions. The new completion technology is presented and experimental test results with gas, oil and water are presented together with reservoir simulations that confirm that the AICV® will give significantly increased recovery in field suffering from gas or water breakthrough.
Biophysical Methods Applied in Early Discovery of a Biotherapeutic: Case Study of an Egfr‐Igf1R Bispecific Adnectin (2014)

This chapter describes the types of biophysical methods that are used in a stage-dependent manner throughout discovery for reagent and drug candidate production of protein therapeutics. It discusses how the application of these methods in discovery helps to de-risk the potential costly challenges in the development and manufacturing phases. The discovery process is described in the chapter by several stages: target generation, hit evaluation, lead selection, lead optimization, lead formatting, and final lead candidate selection of a molecule to progress into development. The chapter presents a case study of biophysical applications during the discovery of a bispecific Adnectin against epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R).
Lasing Action on Whispering Gallery Mode of Self-Organized GaN Hexagonal Microdisk Crystal Fabricated by RF-Plasma-Assisted Molecular Beam Epitaxy (2011)

GaN hexagonal microdisks were fabricated on Ti-mask (4 nm in thickness) nanohole-patterned m-plane (10-10) GaN substrates by radio frequency-plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. The GaN hexagonal microdisks, which were supported by ~300 nm-diameter GaN nanocolumns, consisted of thin hexagonal c-plane plates with a hexagon side length of 1-2 m and a typical thickness of 200 nm. The GaN hexagonal microdisks were optically pumped under a high optical excitation density with a 355-nm-wavelength Nd:YAG laser, and ultraviolet lasing actions on the quasi-whispering gallery mode (WGM) were observed at room temperature. The lasing wavelength was 372 nm and the threshold excitation density was approximately 250 kW/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The quasi-WGM resonance was numerically analyzed using a simple plane wave model and a 2-D-flnite difference time domain method, the behaviors of the WGM and quasi WGM were analyzed, revealing that the quasi-WGM has a higher Q-factor, thus, it was clarified that the laser actions of the GaN hexagonal microdisks occurred on the quasi-WGM resonance.
The Effect of the Reversal of the Central Schiff's Base Linkage on Liquid Crystal Properties: the 4-Phenylbenzylidene-4'-n-alkoxyanilines and 4-(4'-n-Alkoxy-benzylideneamino)-biphenyls (1980)

Abstract Twelve 4-phenylbenzylidene-4'-n-alkoxyanilines have been prepared and their liquid crystal phases have been categorised. The properties of these compounds are compared with those of the analogous Schiff's bases, the 4-(4'-n-alkoxybenzylideneamino)biphenyls, in which the central imino-linkage is reversed. A structural factor that may be responsible for an unusual fan texture of the SB phase of Schiff's bases is suggested.
Effects in Nematic Cells with Broken Centrosymmetry (1997)

Abstract Unipolar electro-optic and nonlinear optical effects are observed in a nematic liquid crystal cell with broken inversion symmetry. The cell is bounded by two plates which produce electric surface polarizations normal to the plates. When the two surfaces are different a unipolar electrooptic effect is observed: the electric field-induced director distortions occur only for one polarity of the field and not for the opposite polarity (“optical diode” effect). Another manifestation of the symmetry breaking is strong second harmonic generation by the cell.
MULIBREY NANISM, AN AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE SYNDROME WITH OCULAR INVOLVEMENT (1982)

Mulibrey nanism is a rare autosomal recessive condition characterized by a growth failure of pre-natal onset and several associated dysmorphic features. On ophthalmoscopy the optic disc and macula have a normal appearance while the midperiphery and more peripheral areas have revealed hypopigmentation and pigment scattering. By fluorescein angiography areas of focal choroidal hypoplasia have been noted. Histopathological examination of a typical case revealed atrophy of the corneal epithelium and thickening of the Bowman's membrane. The optic nerve and the macula appeared normal while the midperiphery showed focal choroidal hypoplasia with marked atrophy of the retina and of the pigment epithelium. Occasional drusen were also noted in this area. The findings do confirm the hypothesis that the choroidal changes represent one further manifestation originating from mesodermal tissues in these patients.
3D Posture Estimation for a Hose-shaped Rescue Robot using a Microphone and Accelerometer Array (2016)

This paper presents an online method that estimates a 3D posture of a hose-shaped rescue robot using a microphone and accelerometer array. Posture (shape) estimation of a self-driving hose-shaped rescue robot is crucial for handling the robot body because the unseen robot posture deforms in narrow spaces under collapsed buildings. Conventional sound-based method that uses time-differences of arrivals (TDOAs) works only on a two-dimensional surface and is often hampered by the rubble around the robot. Our method eliminates the outliers of sound-based TDOA measurements, and compensates the lack of the posture information with the tilt information measured by accelerometers. Experimental results using a 3-m hose-shaped robot that was deployed in a simple 3D structure demonstrate that our method reduces the errors of initial states to about 20cm in the 3D space.
Annealing Time Dependence on the Phase Equilibria and Thermoelectric Property of Type-I Ba<sub>8</sub>Cu<sub>6</sub>Ag<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>38</sub> Clathrate (2013)

Poly-crystalline Ba 8 Cu 6 Ag 2 Si 38 clathrates were synthesized by the arc-melting method and a subsequent annealing treatment. The main phase of all the samples was type-I clathrate. However, there were some precipitates which rich in Cu, Ag or Si in the grain boundary of the as-synthesized sample and the precipitates gradually reduced with the increase of annealing time. The transition metal content in the clathrate increased with the annealing time because of the diffusion of the Cu and Ag atoms from precipitates phase into clathrates phase. The as-synthesized sample was n-type material. For the 576 hours annealed sample, the carrier type changed from n-type to p-type because of the increase of Cu and Ag content in the clathrate.
A 460 GHz gyrotron oscillator for use in DNP/NMR spectroscopy (2002)

Summary form only given, as follows. We report the design of a gyrotron oscillator for continuous operation at 460 GHz at a power level of 25 to 100 W. The gyrotron oscillator are used for electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies at 460 GHz and for dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) studies with a 700 MHz, 16.5 T NMR system. The gyrotron design is closely modeled on a previous successful design of a 25 W, 250 GHz CW gyrotron oscillator. The present design operates at the second harmonic of the cyclotron frequency, /spl omega/-2/spl omega//sub c/. Second harmonic operation requires careful analysis in order to optimize the oscillator design under conditions of high ohmic loss. In addition, an internal mode converter is used. The output radiation travels out of the tube through a window and perpendicular to the magnetic field through a cross-bore pipe in the magnet. Details of the experimental design are presented.
A Semicrystalline Furanic Polyamide Made from Renewable Feedstocks (2022)

Semi-aromatic polyamides (SAPs) synthesized from petrochemical diacids and diamines are high-performance polymers that often derive their desirable properties from a high degree of crystallinity. Attempts to develop partially renewable SAPs by replacing petrochemical diacids with biobased furan-2,5-dicarboxylic acid (FDCA) have resulted in amorphous materials or polymers with low melting temperatures. Herein, we report the development of poly(5-aminomethyl-2-furoic acid) (PAMF), a semicrystalline SAP synthesized by the polycondensation of CO<sub>2</sub> and lignocellulose-derived monomer 5-aminomethyl-2-furoic acid (AMF). PAMF has glass-transition and melting temperatures comparable to that of commercial materials and higher than that of any previous furanic SAP. Additionally, PAMF can be copolymerized with conventional nylon 6 and is chemically recyclable. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations suggest that differences in intramolecular hydrogen bonding explain why PAMF is semicrystalline but many FDCA-based SAPs are not.
Reversible Small Molecule–Nucleic Acid Interactions (2022)

Historically, small molecules have targeted double helical DNA through intercalation and minor groove complexes. Initially, small molecules to target RNA were focused on RNAs involved in protein biosynthesis. Now, many more compounds to target diverse RNA structures have been designed or discovered. This coincides with the exciting discovery that, while only a small amount of the genome is transcribed into RNA for protein synthesis, much of the genome is used to synthesize a variety of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). These have important cell functions, including the involvement of ncRNAs in disease development when they undergo mutation, moreover, their dysregulation has been found to be relevant not only to tumorigenesis, but also to neurological, cardiovascular, developmental and other diseases. Although it has been known for some time that four guanine bases can associate into a tetraplex, our knowledge of how these tetraplexes associate into a variety of four-stranded DNA quadruplexes has greatly advanced. A wide variety of biological functions for these quadruplexes have been discovered. They have a major role in cancer that makes them exciting targets for development of new anticancer agents. At the beginning of our search for new small molecule targets a key structure are the four-way junction and other junction types. The design of new agents to attack these targets will provide many new insights into molecular recognition studies of nucleic acids. The new compounds generated will help us to define the cellular functions of nucleic acid structures and will provide new ideas for the development of nucleic-acid targeted therapeutics.