gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dehydrogenation – Homogeneous (2002)

Abstract Homogeneous catalysts for the dehydrogenation of organic substrates, particularly alkanes and other hydrocarbons, are reviewed. The dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons results in the addition of an unsaturated site to an organic substrate; it is therefore, in principle, a reaction with almost unlimited potential value in the areas of commodity‐ and fine‐chemical synthesis. Most of this potential has not yet been realized; with respect to the use of heterogeneous catalysts the major obstacles involve the difficulty in achieving regio‐ and chemoselectivity. Homogeneous dehydrogenation catalysts offer the promise of much greater selectivity, but thus far have not afforded economically viable yields and turnover numbers. Thus, at present, homogeneous hydrocarbon dehydrogenation is an active area of research rather than an important industrial process. Several platinum‐group transition metal complexes have shown particular promise for alkane dehydrogenation; these are discussed in detail. Selectivity and high yields are both more readily achieved in the case of dehydrogenation of HCCH units that are adjacent to functional groups; several catalysts for such reactions are examined.
Computer vision-based bronchoscope tracking and navigation tool (2023)

This study aims to develop and test a computer vision-based method for tracking and navigating a bronchoscope during lung procedures, such as biopsy or ablation. A vision-based algorithm was developed to track bronchoscope rotation and identify airway branches for navigation. The algorithm was tested on a phantom and a preclinical swine subject. The 3D airway tree was segmented from pre-procedural cone-beam CT. The airway tree was subdivided into segments and the 3D coordinates were stored using centerline extraction. Feature-based rotational tracking was calculated using SURF and brute-force matcher. Bifurcation detection was accomplished by image processing and blob detection. The localization of the bronchoscope within the airway tree was performed based on the projection of the child branches relative to the parent and related to the 3D image. A sufficient number of features to identify rotational positioning of the bronchoscope were found in 720 out of 811 (89%) video frames with an error of 3.2±2.2 degrees. Airway bifurcations were correctly identified in 29 out of 31 (90%) cases and the bronchoscope was correctly localized within a segment in seven out of seven (100%) cases. In conclusion, a computer vision-based method for tracking in the airways accurately identified the rotation of a bronchoscope and classified bifurcations to assist in navigation without the use of electromagnetic, position detection, or fiber optic shape-sensing technologies. Implementation of this technology could enable cost-controlled adoption of bronchoscopic technologies for trainees and might be utilized in low-resource settings unequipped with expensive robotic and tracking systems for diagnosis and management of suspected lung cancer.
Demonstration of large ionization coefficient ratio in AlAs0.56Sb0.44 lattice matched to InP (2018)

The electron and hole avalanche multiplication characteristics have been measured in bulk AlAs<sub>0.56</sub>Sb<sub>0.44</sub> p-i-n and n-i-p homojunction diodes, lattice matched to InP, with nominal avalanche region thicknesses of ~0.6 μm, 1.0 μm and 1.5 μm. From these and data from two much thinner devices, the bulk electron and hole impact ionization coefficients (α and β respectively), have been determined over an electric-field range from 220-1250 kV/cm for α and from 360-1250 kV/cm for β for the first time. The α/β ratio is found to vary from 1000 to 2 over this field range, making it the first report of a wide band-gap III-V semiconductor with ionization coefficient ratios similar to or larger than that observed in silicon.
Nanoscale design to enable the revolution in renewable energy (2009)

The creation of a sustainable energy generation, storage, and distribution infrastructure represents a global grand challenge that requires massive transnational investments in the research and development of energy technologies that will provide the amount of energy needed on a sufficient scale and timeframe with minimal impact on the environment and have limited economic and societal disruption during implementation. In this opinion paper, we focus on an important set of solar, thermal, and electrochemical energy conversion, storage, and conservation technologies specifically related to recent and prospective advances in nanoscale science and technology that offer high potential in addressing the energy challenge. We approach this task from a two-fold perspective: analyzing the fundamental physicochemical principles and engineering aspects of these energy technologies and identifying unique opportunities enabled by nanoscale design of materials, processes, and systems in order to improve performance and reduce costs. Our principal goal is to establish a roadmap for research and development activities in nanoscale science and technology that would significantly advance and accelerate the implementation of renewable energy technologies. In all cases we make specific recommendations for research needs in the near-term (2–5 years), mid-term (5–10 years) and long-term (>10 years), as well as projecting a timeline for maturation of each technological solution. We also identify a number of priority themes in basic energy science that cut across the entire spectrum of energy conversion, storage, and conservation technologies. We anticipate that the conclusions and recommendations herein will be of use not only to the technical community, but also to policy makers and the broader public, occasionally with an admitted emphasis on the US perspective.
Monoclonal antibodies to the influenza A virus nucleoprotein affecting RNA transcription (1981)

Monoclonal antibodies were used to map the antigenic domains of the A/WSN/33 (HoN1) influenza virus nucleoprotein. Three nonoverlapping antigenic regions of the nucleoprotein were identified by using competitive-binding enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Monoclonal antibodies to two nucleoprotein domains inhibited in vitro transcription of viral RNA, suggesting that these specific regions of the nucleoprotein are topographically or functionally involved in RNA transcription.
Study of Co/Pd multilayers as a candidate material for next generation magnetic media (2011)

We report a combinatorial synthesis study on the magnetic properties of sputter-deposited Co/Pd multilayers with high perpendicular anisotropy and high remnant squareness for magnetic media applications such as magnetic logic systems, bit patterned media, magneto-optical recording, and multilevel three-dimensional (3D) magnetic media. The perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in the multilayers originates from the interfacial anisotropy of the alloylike structure. The deposition conditions and subsequent microstructures of the multilayers are critical factors to determine the magnetic properties of the media. We investigated the dependence of the magnetic properties on the thickness of Co and Pd layers the number of Co/Pd bilayers. For instance, we found that a 0.26-nm-thick layer of Co would produce the highest coercivity value if paired with a 0.55-nm-thick Pd layer. Our results revealed that an Ar+ milling could significantly increase the coercivity of the multilayer media. Further, we discovered that we could control the deposition pressure to achieve either granular or continuous media morphologies corresponding to exchange-coupled or decoupled grains, respectively. Finally, we used the combinatorial synthesis to tailor multilayers’ properties to engineer a eight-level three-layer 3D media.
X-ray photoemission analysis of chemically modified TlBr surfaces for improved radiation detectors (2013)

Device-grade TlBr was subjected to various chemical treatments used in room temperature radiation detector fabrication to determine the resulting surface composition and electronic structure. As-polished TlBr was treated separately with HCl, SOCl2, Br:MeOH, and HF solutions. High-resolution photoemission measurements on the valence band electronic structure and Tl 4f, Br 3d, Cl 2p, and S 2p core lines were used to evaluate surface chemistry and shallow heterojunction formation. Surface chemistry and valence band electronic structure were correlated with the goal of optimizing the long-term stability and radiation response.
Augmenting wireless LAN technology for Wi-Fi PAN (2009)

The penetration of Wi-Fi in mobile and consumer electronic devices is increasing at a rapid pace. This increasing adoption in devices other than portable computers enables new usage models for end users. People want to view, listen, share and print their media anytime and anywhere. This paper looks at what new usages a Wi-Fi PAN can enable, its architecture, its components and its core technologies.
E.M. Characterization of Common Construction Materials Using the Fabry-Pérot resonance method (2019)

Several frequency bands above 6 GHz are being proposed for next generation wireless systems, and the electromagnetic characteristics of many common construction materials at these frequencies still need to be determined. The knowledge of such characteristics is particularly relevant, especially in relation to the increasing use of deterministic propagation models for radio-channel characterization in 5G and beyond systems. In this study, an assessment of the method based on Fabry-Pérot resonance for the evaluation of the complex permittivity of construction materials is presented. The method is shown to be effective in several cases using a relatively simple VNA-based measurement setup and procedure. We also present a comparison between VNA results and measurements performed with a spectrum compact analyzer. The aim is to show that it is possible to perform evaluation of electromagnetic characteristics of materials with a portable, handy and easy-to-use kit, leading to carry out on-site evaluation, without the necessity to acquire a sample of the material and to perform ad-hoc measurements in anechoic room.
A comparative study on the clinical effects of flunitrazepam and oxazepam as oral premedication. (1981)

The clinical effects of flunitrazepam and oxazepam as oral premedicants were tested in a double-blind study of 69 otorhinolaryngologic patients. Flunitrazepam had a somewhat higher sedative effect (p less than 0.10) and moderated the increase in systolic blood pressure significantly (p less than 0.005) more than did oxazepam, but as regards the other parameters tested no significant differences were found (sleep, apprehension, excitement, dizziness, emetic effect, headache, increase in heart rate, venepuncture). In some patients a profuse salivary secretion was observed despite intravenous injection of atropine just before the induction of anesthesia. Our results support earlier claims of flunitrazepam's relatively strong sedative and anxiolytic properties, but on the whole the difference in clinical effects of these benzodiazepine derivatives was not marked.
Preface (1995)

Many improvements have occurred in the seismic method since the publication of the first edition in 1982. Concepts that were of academic concern then have since become practical tools and some of the new concepts we have added may become tomorrow's tools.
Enhancing the Dispersibility of TiO2 Nanorods and Gaining Control over Region-Selective Layer Formation (2016)

We demonstrate that the dispersibility and reactivity of core-shell TiO<sub>2</sub> nanorods (NRs) can be controlled significantly through functionalization with a combination of ligands based on phosphonic acid derivatives (PAs). Specifically, a glycol based PA allows dispersion of the NRs in methanol (MeOH). On the other hand, incorporating an alkyne terminated PA in the ligand shell of the NRs allows for a copper-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction with an azide-patterned aluminum oxide (AlO<sub>x</sub>) substrate and forms a region-selectively deposited film of NRs. We clearly demonstrate that the quality of the NR films correlates strongly with the stability of the NR dispersions in the reaction medium. In particular, tuning the concentration of alkyne PA in the ligand shell inhibits aggregation of the NRs on the substrate, while reactivity for the CuAAC reaction is maintained. The surface coverage with NRs fits the Langmuir model. This study illustrates that surface functionalization of AlO<sub>x</sub> substrates can be effectively and conveniently controlled through enhancing the dispersibility of the NRs using mixed ligand shells.
Catalytically‐inactive WNK3 bypasses the tonicity requirement for K‐Cl cotransporter activation via a phosphatase‐dependent pathway (2006)

SLC12A cation/Cl− cotransporter gene family has two major branches. The K+:Cl− cotransporters (KCC1 to KCC4) that are inhibited by phosphorylation and activated by dephosphorylation, and the Na-coupled chloride cotransporters (NCC and NKCCs) that are activated by phosphorylation and inhibited by dephosphorylation. We have recently shown that the serine/threonine kinase WNK3 modulates the activity of the cation-chloride cotransporters. Here we show that co-injection of Xenopus laevis oocytes with any of the K+:Cl− cotransporters cRNA, together with the wild-type WNK3 cRNA results in prevention of the cell swelling induced activation of the cotransporters (see 86Rb+ uptake per group in nmol/oocyte/h in the table). In contrast, co-injection of the K+:Cl− cotransporters cRNA with the catalytically inactive WNK3-D294A, resulted in a markedly increase of the cotransporters activity, even in isotonic conditions in which the K+:Cl− cotransporters are normally inactive (see table). The activation of KCC1 to KCC4 by WNK3-D294A in isotonicity can be completely prevented by treatment of oocytes with a combination of calyculin A and cyclosporine A, which inhibit the protein phosphatase 1 and 2B, respectively. Thus, the catalytically inactive WNK3-D294A bypasses the tonicity requirements for K+:Cl− cotransporters activation via a phosphatases dependent mechanism.
Fractal superconducting resonators for the interrogation of two-level systems (2014)

In this thesis we use high-Q superconducting thin-film microwave resonators to interact with several types of quantum mechanical two-level systems. Such a resonator is used as the central building block in a cryogenic near-field scanning microwave microscope (NSMM) to reach a completely new regime of NSMM operation. In this regime where the superconducting resonator is only populated with a small number of photons, we demonstrate a capacitance sensitivity down to 64x10^(-21) Farad/rtHz and nanoscale resolution, which is sufficient to apply this scanning probe technique to quantum coherent objects. Such a 'coherent'-NSMM enables several new applications: for example to study the interaction of the NSMM probe with two-level defects in samples and to characterize artificial two-level systems (qubits), which eventually could lead to better understanding of decoherence mechanisms in superconducting quantum circuits. 
We demonstrate the ability to reach this regime in a sample consisting of a Cooper-pair box (CPB) weakly coupled to a superconducting resonator. In the strong driving regime we observe Landau-Zener-Stuckelberg interference and we discover a new type of relaxation mechanism in the strongly driven CPB
that involves pair breaking and quasiparticle tunneling. It results in a recovered parity of the CPB and a population inversion of the dressed states. Not only does this demonstrate the applicability of NSMM for qubit characterization, but the quasiparticle mediated population inversion also becomes suitable for robust charge sensing in a scanning probe setup. 
To integrate the superconducting resonator onto our NSMM probe we develop a new type of resonator design - the fractal design - that have a very small external dipole moment allowing for a compact resonator. Another advantage of the fractal resonator is its resilience to magnetic fields. We show that the fractal resonator, after further optimization, can maintain quality factors above 10^5 in applied fields of more than 400 mT, something that becomes particularly useful for the interrogation of spin ensembles coupled to the resonator. We demonstrate that it is possible to detect down to 5x10^5 spins/rtHz in a very small volume coupled to a fractal resonator. Furthermore, the low dipole moment of the fractal resonator allows us to also introduce DC bias into the resonator without degrading its Q-factor. This is an important technological step that allows us to interact with new materials where spins can be quickly and locally manipulated using electric fields and we demonstrate the first steps in this direction with ensembles of manganese doped ZnO nanowires and frustrated molecular Cu spin triangles.
The measurements achieve a very high sensitivity thanks to the Pound-Drever-Hall locking technique used. We develop this technique such that both resonance frequency and quality factor can be monitored with very high accuracy in real time. The demonstrated stability is ~30 Hz/rtHz for frequency readout and we can determine the Q-factor with a precision of 34 dB/rtHz.
DNA damage response at telomeres contributes to lung aging and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2015)

Cellular senescence has been associated with the structural and functional decline observed during physiological lung aging and in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Airway epithelial cells are the first line of defense in the lungs and are important to COPD pathogenesis. However, the mechanisms underlying airway epithelial cell senescence, and particularly the role of telomere dysfunction in this process, are poorly understood. We aimed to investigate telomere dysfunction in airway epithelial cells from patients with COPD, in the aging murine lung and following cigarette smoke exposure. We evaluated colocalization of γ-histone protein 2A.X and telomeres and telomere length in small airway epithelial cells from patients with COPD, during murine lung aging, and following cigarette smoke exposure in vivo and in vitro. We found that telomere-associated DNA damage foci increase in small airway epithelial cells from patients with COPD, without significant telomere shortening detected. With age, telomere-associated foci increase in small airway epithelial cells of the murine lung, which is accelerated by cigarette smoke exposure. Moreover, telomere-associated foci predict age-dependent emphysema, and late-generation Terc null mice, which harbor dysfunctional telomeres, show early-onset emphysema. We found that cigarette smoke accelerates telomere dysfunction via reactive oxygen species in vitro and may be associated with ataxia telangiectasia mutated-dependent secretion of inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 and -8. We propose that telomeres are highly sensitive to cigarette smoke-induced damage, and telomere dysfunction may underlie decline of lung function observed during aging and in COPD.
INVESTIGATION OF ROBOTIC BRACES OF PATIENTS WITH IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS (IS) — REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE AND DESCRIPTION OF A NOVEL BRACE (2018)

Idiopathic scoliosis (IS) is a complex three-dimensional (3D) deformity. The non-operative treatments for IS have been developed for a long time. According to current studies, hard braces are more effective than soft braces for the treatment of scoliosis. Though current braces are proved to be effective for the treatment of IS, there are several shortcomings needed to be overcome: (i) Braces cannot realize precise control over a specific vertebra. (ii) Braces affect cardiopulmonary efficiency (braces limit maximal exercise performance). (iii) The brace is not modulated based on user’s needs. (iv) Braces, including motions during eating, tying shoes, sitting, and standing. (v) Braces apply forces on skin, which causes pain, skin breakdown, and abnormal deformation of bone. In order to solve these boring problems of the current braces, this paper proposed a new intelligent robotic spine brace based on the principle of human biomechanics, three point pressure treatment theory and parallel mechanism theory. This novel brace can offer 3D active dynamic adjustable corrective forces for the treatment of IS and some experiments are employed for verifying the effect of the proposed brace.
The effect of Lewis acid and solvent on concerted 1,2-acyl migration (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe effect of Lewis acid and solvent on concerted 1,2-acyl migrationRobert D. Bach and John M. DomagalaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 22, 4181–4188Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00196a016https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00196a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views696Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Bridging cross‐cultural gaps in scientific exchange through innovative team challenge workshops (2013)

Challenge Workshop in Quantitative Biology. The event was fast paced and highly intense, as teams worked on pre-selected scientific challenges in a four-day time frame, with daily presentations and critique. The workshop was intended to stimulate innovative thinking and scientific creativity via close team collaborative work. Attendees not only interacted with each other intellectually, but also had many opportunities to socialize, and the UCSF participants were treated to a good taste of Chinese culture. For the Chinese students, it was the first time that most of them ever participated in this type of workshop, which aimed to help them discover their creative potential. Here, we describe how the workshop was organized, and highlight lessons we learned in the process so that hopefully more scientists can benefit from this type of dynamic team challenge and effective educational tool.
<title>Identification and analysis of fundamental issues in Terfenol-D transducer modeling</title> (1998)

Complete models of highly-magnetostrictive Terfenol-D transducers must be able to characterize the magnetostriction upon knowledge of the impressed electrical energy. Fundamental characterization laws are not available at present, because the existing modeling techniques fail to simultaneously span all operating regimes: electric, magnetic, mechanical, and thermal, across the whole performance space of these transducers. This paper attempts to capture the essential aspects of these regimes and their interactions, i.e. those that the transducer designer is likely to encounter during design, analysis and modeling of magnetostrictive devices. The issues discussed here are the magnetization and stress states, thermal effects, magnetomechanical hysteresis, AC losses, system nonlinearities, and transducer dynamics. In addition, some of the more relevant modeling techniques that address these issues are presented and analyzed.