gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Long-Retention-Time, High-Speed DRAM Array with 12-F2 Twin Cell for Sub 1-V Operation (2007)

A DRAM-cell array with 12-F 2 twin cell was developed and evaluated in terms of speed, retention time, and low-voltage operation. The write and read-out times of the twin-cell array are shorter than those of a single-cell array by 70% and 40% respectively, because of parallel writing and reading of half charge to and from two memory cells. According to measured retention characteristics of the single cells, the twin-cell array improves retention time by 20% compared with the single-cell array at 1V and keeps the retention time of the single-cell array at 0.4 V. Furthermore, the cell accepts the plate-driven scheme without the need of a dummy cell, lowering the necessary word-line voltage by 0.4 V.
Entropy functional based adaptive decision fusion framework (2012)

In this paper, an entropy functional based online adaptive decision fusion framework is developed for image analysis and computer vision applications. In this framework, it is assumed that the compound algorithm consists of several sub-algorithms, each of which yields its own decision as a real number centered around zero, representing the confidence level of that particular sub-algorithm. Decision values are linearly combined with weights which are updated online according to an active fusion method based on performing entropic projections onto convex sets describing sub-algorithms. It is assumed that there is an oracle, who is usually a human operator, providing feedback to the decision fusion method. A video based wildfire detection system was developed to evaluate the performance of the decision fusion algorithm.
Abstract 17794: Modes of Failure and Cause of Death in Children with Functional Single Ventricle Physiology Following Contemporary Total Cavopulmonary Connection Completion (2012)

Background: We hypothesized that modes of Fontan failure may predict the mode and timing of subsequent death following the contemporary form of Fontan completion. Methods: Patient records were revi...
Naphthalenetetracarboxylic Diimide Derivatives: Molecular Structure, Thin Film Properties and Solar Cell Applications (2018)

Abstract The effciency of organic solar cells is not only determined by their absorber system, but also strongly dependent on the performance of numerous interlayers and charge transport layers. In order to establish new custom-made materials, the study of structure-properties relationships is of great importance. This publication examines a series of naphthalenetetracarboxylic diimide molecules (NTCDI) with varying side-chain length intended for the use as n-dopable electron transport materials in organic solar cells. While all compounds basically share very similar absorption spectra and energy level positions in the desired range, the introduction of alkyl chains has a large impact on thin film growth and charge transport properties: both crystallization and the increase of conductivity by molecular doping are suppressed. This has a direct influence on the series resistance of corresponding solar cells comprising an NTCDI derivative as electron transport material (ETM) as it lowers the power conversion efficiency to ≪1%. In contrast, using the side-chain free compound it is possible to achive an efficiency of 6.5%, which is higher than the efficiency of a comparable device comprising n-doped C 60 as standard ETM.
UNCOVERING THE DEEPLY EMBEDDED ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEUS ACTIVITY IN THE NUCLEAR REGIONS OF THE INTERACTING GALAXY Arp 299 (2013)

We present mid-infrared (MIR) 8-13 μm spectroscopy of the nuclear regions of the interacting galaxy Arp 299 (IC 694+NGC 3690) obtained with CanariCam (CC) on the 10.4 m Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC). The high angular resolution (~0.''3-0.''6) of the data allows us to probe nuclear physical scales between 60 and 120 pc, which is a factor of 10 improvement over previous MIR spectroscopic observations of this system. The GTC/CC spectroscopy displays evidence of deeply embedded active galactic nucleus (AGN) activity in both nuclei. The GTC/CC nuclear spectrum of NGC 3690/Arp 299-B1 can be explained as emission from AGN-heated dust in a clumpy torus with both a high covering factor and high extinction along the line of sight. The estimated bolometric luminosity of the AGN in NGC 3690 is 3.2 ± 0.6 × 1044 erg s–1. The nuclear GTC/CC spectrum of IC 694/Arp 299-A shows 11.3 μm polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emission stemming from a deeply embedded (AV ~ 24 mag) region of less than 120 pc in size. There is also a continuum-emitting dust component. If associated with the putative AGN in IC 694, we estimate that it would be approximately five times less luminous than the AGN in NGC 3690. The presence of dual AGN activity makes Arp 299 a good example to study such phenomena in the early coalescence phase of interacting galaxies.
Mxenes: A New Family of Two-Dimensional Materials and Its Application As Electrodes for Li and Na-Ion Batteries (2015)

Two-dimensional, 2D, materials, such as graphene, possess a unique morphology that endows them with interesting and novel properties. Currently, the number of non-oxide materials that have been exfoliated is limited to two fairly small groups, viz. hexagonal, van der Waals bonded structures ( e.g. graphene and BN) and layered transition metal chalcogenides. The MAX phases are a well established family of machinable layered ternary carbides and/or nitrides, with a composition of M n +1 AX n , where M is an early transition metal, A is one of A group elements, X is C and/or N; with n = 1, 2, or 3. Selective etching of the A layers from the MAX phases results in exfoliating of the latter producing 2D layers of transition metals carbides and/or nitrides. We labeled the resulting 2D M n +1 X n layers " MXenes " to emphasize the loss of the A group element from the MAX phases and the suffix " ene " to emphasize their 2D nature and their similarity to graphene. The etching process is typically carried out using aqueous hydrofluoric acid at room temperature. Nine different MXenes have been reported to date, viz., Ti 2 C, Nb 2 C, V 2 C, (Ti 0.5 ,Nb 0.5 ) 2 C, Ti 3 C 2 , (V 0.5 ,Cr 0.5 ) 3 C 2 , Ti 3 CN, Ta 4 C 3 , and Nb 4 C 3 . The as-synthesized MXenes are terminated with a mixture of OH, O, and/or F groups. When select MXenes were tested as electrode materials for Li-ion batteries (LIBs), each phase showed unique electrochemical characteristics. In principle, some could be used as cathodes while others as anodes for LIBs. All the tested MXenes showed excellent capability to handle quite high cycling rates (as high as 36 C) as electrode materials for LIBs, which suggest they can be used in Li-ion capacitors as well. The lithiation and delithiation mechanisms were found to be due to redox intercalation/deintercalation reactions. As synthesized MXenes can be pressed, at room temperature, into freestanding discs, &gt; 300 µm thick. Some of these discs can be used as electrodes for LIBs with high areal capacities exceeding 5 mAh/cm 2 . In addition to LIBs, some MXene also showed good capacity as electrode material for other ion batteries such as Na-ion batteries. Herein the progress in the synthesis of MXenes, in addition to their performance as electrode materials in LIBs and Na-ion batteries will be discussed, with special emphasis on the lithiation and delithiation mechanisms for Ti 3 C 2 .
Electromagnetic Effects in the Near Field Plume Exhaust of a Micro-Pulsed-Plasma Thruster (2004)

Peer Reviewed
The Infrared Nuclear Emission of Seyfert Galaxies on Parsec Scales: Testing the Clumpy Torus Models (2009)

We present subarcsecond resolution mid-infrared (mid-IR) photometry in the range from 8 to 20 μm of 18 nearby Seyfert galaxies, reporting high spatial resolution nuclear fluxes for the entire sample (see Table 3 of Ramos Almeida et al . 2009). We construct spectral energy distributions (SEDs) that the AGN dominates, relatively uncontaminated by starlight, adding near-IR measurements from the literature at similar angular resolution. We find that the IR SEDs of intermediate-type Seyferts are flatter and present higher 10 to 18 μm ratios than those of Seyfert 2 (Sy2) galaxies.
Modeling of the Chromatographic Solvent Gradient Reversed Phase Purification of a Multicomponent Polypeptide Mixture (2008)

Abstract A model for Calcitonin purification from an industrial peptide mixture using polymer‐based reversed phase columns was developed. Regressed competitive bi‐Langmuir isotherm parameters for pure calcitonin are strong functions of the eluent composition and were correlated to the overall Henry coefficient only. It is shown that, by keeping constant these correlations, the adsorption behavior of impurities can be predicted simply by estimating their Henry coefficient from the raw mixture. The same can be repeated with very good results when changing the stationary phase or the organic solvent in the eluent. In both cases, only the Henry coefficient must be re‐estimated from pulse injections.
Ultrabright Laser-based MeV-class Light Source (2008)

We report first light from a novel, new source of 10-ps 0.776-MeV gamma-ray pulses known as T-REX (Thomson-Radiated Extreme X-rays). The MeV-class radiation produced by TREX is unique in the world with respect to its brightness, spectral purity, tunability, pulse duration and laser-like beam character. With T-REX, one can use photons to efficiently probe and excite the isotope-dependent resonant structure of atomic nucleus. This ability will be enabling to an entirely new class of isotope-specific, high resolution imaging and detection capabilities.
<title>Two-dimensional two-step Fourier spectrum analysis for similar-image identification</title> (1998)

In this report the method of the analysis of two similar structures is discussed. The structures to be compared are considered as two dimensional, amplitude only and are composed by identical apertures. The difference between theses structures is connected with spatial position of the one or several apertures. This difference can be found by: (1) comparison of the two secondary Fourier spectra (auto- correlation signals) of corresponding transmittance functions, and (2) comparison of the cross-correlation signal and the first auto-correlation signal. In that case, we can describe directly the second structure. So, the knowledge of the structures is possible even though we do not know apriory the structures. Some experimental and computer simulated results applied to pattern recognition are presented.
Flow and Heat Transfer of Confined Impingement Jets Cooling (2000)

Experimental studies on heat transfer and flow structure in confined impingement jets were performed. The objective of this study was to investigate the detailed heat transfer coefficient distribution on the jet impingement target surface and flow structure in the confined cavity. The distribution of heat transfer coefficients on the target surface was obtained by employing the transient liquid crystal method coupled with a 3-D inverse transient conduction scheme under Reynolds number ranging from 1039 to 5175. The results show that the average heat transfer coefficients increased linearly with the Reynolds number as Nu = 0.00304 Pr0.42Re. The effects of cross flow on heat transfer were investigated. The flow structure were analyzed to gain insight into convective heat transfer behavior.
Physiological Responses of Plants to Waterlogging1 (1981)

Abstract Waterlogging of the soil rapidly and dramatically alters both the physical and biological environment of plant roots. In response to environmental stimuli, physiological events occur within the plant which affect its growth and development. The purpose of this paper is to review certain aspects of the physiological responses of plants to waterlogging with respect to the response mechanisms and the subsequent adaptations in the growth and development of the whole plant. Many important aspects of the subject must be only briefly mentioned here, such as the effects of waterlogging on soil chemistry, nutrient availability and uptake, microbiology, pathology, and senescence. The reader is referred to recent literature for information on these topics (3, 13, 19, 21). The overriding effect of soil flooding is to limit the diffusion of oxygen to the root zone. The focus here, therefore, will be on the responses of plants to root anaerobiosis and some initial, rapid mechanisms of adjustment. Further information on long-term adaptation, especially in woody plants, can be found elsewhere (76).
Abstract 60: Hypoxia Preserves the Quiescent Lineage Negative Phenotype of Cardiac Stem Cells Within the Niche (2012)

In stem cell-regulated organs, a subset of niches is characterized by low oxygen tension. This metabolic adaptation offers a selective advantage to stem cells favoring the preservation of their quiescent undifferentiated phenotype. The objective of this work was to determine whether in the mouse heart cardiac niches constitute a heterogeneous compartment composed of hypoxic and normoxic niches, and whether differences in O 2 concentration affect the function of c-kit-positive cardiac stem cells (CSCs).To test this possibility, we studied first the in vivo uptake of the hypoxic marker pimonidazole (PIMO), which identifies intracellular O 2 concentration &lt;10 mmHg. Mice were sacrificed 2 hours after intraperitoneal administration of PIMO, and PIMO-labeling was analyzed. By immunolabeling, 15% of cardiac niches were characterized by a hypoxic microenvironment and more than 20% of isolated CSCs were PIMO-positive, as measured by flow-cytometry. The cell cycle protein Ki67 was restricted to the PIMO-negative CSC class, which contained early committed cells expressing c-kit together with the myocyte specific transcription factors GATA4 and Nkx2.5. Mice were then administered tirapazamine, a compound that kills selectively hypoxic cells. One day later, the fraction of PIMO-positive CSCs was markedly decreased but, at 5 days, this compartment was partly reconstituted. This compensatory response was coupled with increased proliferation of PIMO-negative CSCs, suggesting that normoxic CSCs have the ability to replenish hypoxic niches following injury. Subsequently, the effects of hypoxia were studied in human CSCs (hCSCs) exposed in vitro to 1% O 2 . With respect to cells cultured in normoxia, 1% O 2 led to upregulation of HIF1α in hCSCs which also showed lower levels of BrdU incorporation. These cellular responses were accompanied by an increase in transcripts for the stemness genes c-kit, Oct4, Nanog and Sox2, and a decrease in mRNA for myocyte and vascular genes. Apoptosis, measured by TdT labeling, did not differ in normoxic and hypoxic hCSCs. In conclusion, our data indicate that hypoxic and normoxic niches coexist in the myocardium, and that intracellular hypoxia regulates the quiescent primitive CSC phenotype.
Randomized Trial of Partial Versus Complete Chordal Preservation Methods of Mitral Valve Replacement (1999)

Background —The merits of retaining the subvalvular apparatus during mitral valve replacement for chronic mitral regurgitation have been demonstrated in numerous clinical and laboratory investigations. In this preliminary report, we analyzed the early effects of complete versus partial chordal preservation on left ventricular mechanics. Methods and Results —Fifty patients undergoing isolated surgical correction of mitral insufficiency were prospectively randomized to either total or partial chordal-sparing mitral valve replacement. Of the first 19 patients studied, 8 had preservation of the posterior leaflet only, and 11 had complete preservation of all chordal structures. A comparison group consisted of 6 patients who had primary mitral valve repair. Echocardiography was performed preoperatively and at discharge from the hospital to determine dimensions, wall stress, and ejection fraction. Preservation of the posterior leaflet only resulted in a reduction in end-diastolic volume, an increase in end-systolic volume ( P =0.058), a rising trend in end-systolic stress, a decrease in long-axis fractional shortening, and a fall in ejection fraction from 0.68±0.16 to 0.46±0.19 ( P =0.001). Although patients who had preservation of all chordal structures also had decreased end-diastolic volume, long-axis fractional shortening, and ejection fraction (0.60±0.13 to 0.52±0.07, P =0.01), end-systolic stress fell and end-systolic volume decreased instead of increased. Compared with the posterior leaflet preservation group, those in the group with completely preserved chordal structures had a larger decline in end-diastolic volume and smaller decreases in long-axis fractional shortening and ejection fraction. Changes in end-systolic volume and stress were also statistically different between the 2 cohorts. No differences were detected between the group with total preserved chordal structures and the mitral repair group in any of the measured parameters. Conclusions —Compared with posterior chordal preservation only, complete retention of the subvalvular apparatus during mitral valve replacement resulted in improved ejection performance and smaller chamber volumes due to reduced systolic wall stress. These hemodynamic advantages are comparable to those observed with primary mitral reconstruction.
Expression of Transcription Factor E2F1 and Telomerase in Glioblastomas: Mechanistic Linkage and Prognostic Significance (2005)

E2F1 may participate in telomerase activity regulation in malignant glioma cells. Its expression appears to be strongly associated with the survival of patients with malignant brain tumors.
Nanostructured BiFeO3 thin films (2019)

Well defined structures at nanometric scale of multiferroicmaterials present an increasing interest due to their unique physical properties and potential applications. Fabrication of artificial nanostructures requires sophisticated technology and has been recognized as a hard-attainable issue. For these reasons the fabrication of ordered nanostructures, via spontaneous self-organization, is a topic of major relevance. Complex oxide thin films are often elastically strained and this lattice strain can, in some cases, select preferential growth modes leading to the appearance of different self-organized morphologies. In this work we report on the controlled fabrication of a self-assembled network of nanostructures (pits and grooves) in highly epitaxial BiFeO3thin films. As previously shown in the case of manganite thin films [1-2], the remarkable degree of ordering is achieved using vicinal substrates with well-defined step-terrace morphology. Nanostructured BiFeO3thin films show mixed-phase morphology, exhibiting the giant ferroelectric polarization close to the theoretical limit. These particular microstructures open a huge playground for future applications inmultiferroic nanomaterials.
Parameterization strategy for anisotropy reduction in the carpet cloak (2015)

In this paper a transformation optical design with anisotropy reduction via parametrization and Least Squares Method is applied to develop a reflectionless quasi-isotropic carpet cloak. We present a coordinate transformation function for the carpet cloak geometry that includes a variable number of degrees of freedom to minimize the anisotropy of the transformed media without interfering with the device boundary conditions. Effects of anisotropy reduction in the coordinate transformation and the effectiveness of our method is verified when different numbers of degrees of freedom for the parameterization function is used. The results appointing that the anisotropy can be very close to zero at cost to use an elevated number of degrees of freedom.
Peptide conjugated morpholinos for management of the huanglongbing pathosystem (2020)

The expression of essential genes in the D. citri symbiont, wDi and the HLB pathogen were suppressed in response to PPMO treatments. This study demonstrates the potential of PPMOs as a novel strategy for management of bacterial pathogens of fruit trees, such as HLB. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
<p>Novel nanomaterial-based antibacterial photodynamic therapies to combat oral bacterial biofilms and infectious diseases</p> (2019)

Oral diseases such as tooth caries, periodontal diseases, endodontic infections, etc., are prevalent worldwide. The heavy burden of oral infectious diseases and their consequences on the patients' quality of life indicates a strong need for developing effective therapies. Advanced understandings of such oral diseases, e.g., inflammatory periodontal lesions, have raised the demand for antibacterial therapeutic strategies, because these diseases are caused by viruses and bacteria. The application of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) on oral infectious diseases has attracted tremendous interest in the past decade. However, aPDT had a minimal effect on the viability of organized biofilms due to the hydrophobic nature of the majority of the photosensitizers (PSs). Therefore, novel nanotechnologies were rapidly developed to target the delivery of hydrophobic PSs into microorganisms for the antimicrobial performance improvement of aPDT. This review focuses on the state-of-the-art of nanomaterials applications in aPDT against oral infectious diseases. The first part of this article focuses on the cutting-edge research on the synthesis, toxicity, and therapeutic effects of various forms of nanomaterials serving as PS carriers for aPDT applications. The second part discusses nanomaterials applications for aPDT in treatments of oral diseases. These novel bioactive nanomaterials have demonstrated great potential to serve as carriers for PSs to substantially enhance the PDT therapeutic effects. Furthermore, the novel aPDT applications not only have exciting therapeutic potential to inhibit bacterial plaque-initiated oral diseases, but also have a wide applicability to other biomedical and tissue engineering applications.
New organo‐soluble polyimides for optical, microelectronic and fiber applications (1997)

Abstract A novel class of organo‐soluble polyimides has been developed based on monomers containing twisted‐biphenyl structures. Thus, 2, 2'‐disubstituted‐4, 4'‐diaminobiphenyls and 2, 2'‐disubstituted‐4, 4', 5, 5'‐biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydrides have been prepared and polymerized in refluxing phenolic solvents. The polyimides, some of which are soluble in ketone and ether solvents, can be readily solution cast into colorless thin films. The rigid polymer chains align parallel to the substrate surface (in‐plane orientation) during the casting process, which results in anisotropy in the film properties. The anisotropy in the refractive index has been used in the development of compensation layers for liquid crystal displays. The polymers have also been dry jet‐wet spun from phenolic solutions to afford fibers that display tensile strengths of 3.5 GPa and moduli of 130 GPa.