gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of Analyte-Modulated Modal Power Distribution in Multimode Optical Fibers for Simultaneous Single-Wavelength Evanescent-Wave Refractometry and Spectrometry (1999)

A new method is described for the simultaneous determination of absorbance and refractive index of a sample medium. The method is based on measurement of the analyte-modulated modal power distribution (MPD) in a multimode waveguide. In turn, the MPD is quantified by the far-field spatial pattern and intensity of light, i.e., the Fraunhofer diffraction pattern (registered on a CCD camera), that emerges from a multimode optical fiber. Operationally, light that is sent down the fiber interacts with the surrounding analyte-containing medium by means of the evanescent wave at the fiber boundary. The light flux in the propagating beam and the internal reflection angles within the fiber are both affected by optical absorption connected with the analyte and by the refractive index of the analyte-containing medium. In turn, these angles are reflected in the angular divergence of the beam as it leaves the fiber. As a result, the Fraunhofer diffraction pattern of that beam yields two parameters that can, together, be used to deduce refractive index and absorbance. This MPD based detection offers important advantages over traditional evanescent-wave detection strategies which rely on recording only the total transmitted optical power or its lost fraction. First, simultaneous determination of sample refractive index and absorbance is possible at a single probe wavelength. Second, the sensitivity of refractometric and absorption measurements can be controlled simply, either by adjusting the distance between the end face of the fiber and the CCD detector or by monitoring selected modal groups at the fiber output. As a demonstration of these capabilities, several weakly absorbing solutions were examined, with refractive indices in the range from 1.3330 to 1.4553 and with absorption coefficients in the range 0-16 cm-1. The new detection strategy is likely to be important in applications in which sample coloration varies and when it is necessary to compensate for variations in the refractive index of a sample.
Riser-Relief Valve Dynamic Interactions (1997)

The dynamic stability behavior of a typical pilot-operated relief valve has been investigated both numerically and experimentally. The valve piston equation of motion has been solved in connection with the conservation equations of the oscillating flow in the attached riser. The boundary condition at the riser tip is of a choked flow type and had to be given special attention in oscillatory flows. Pertinent quasi-steady flow equations have been formulated to describe the different phases of relief along the piston lift. A model describing the process of pressure relief is described briefly, followed by a parametric study of the effects of various factors on the oscillation levels and characters. Field measurements were taken on an NFS 8 pilot-operated dual-outlet relief valve mounted on a riser assembly of L/D = 15 in a natural gas compressor station.
Maximum-likelihood array processing in non-Gaussian noise with Gaussian mixtures (2000)

Many approaches have been studied for the array processing problem when the additive noise is modeled with a Gaussian distribution, but these schemes typically perform poorly when the noise is non-Gaussian and/or impulsive. This paper is concerned with maximum likelihood array processing in non-Gaussian noise. We present the Cramer-Rao bound on the variance of angle-of-arrival estimates for arbitrary additive, independent, identically distributed (iid), symmetric, non-Gaussian noise. Then, we focus on non-Gaussian noise modeling with a finite Gaussian mixture distribution, which is capable of representing a broad class of non-Gaussian distributions that include heavy tailed, impulsive cases arising in wireless communications and other applications. Based on the Gaussian mixture model, we develop an expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm for estimating the source locations, the signal waveforms, and the noise distribution parameters. The important problems of detecting the number of sources and obtaining initial parameter estimates for the iterative EM algorithm are discussed in detail. The initialization procedure by itself is an effective algorithm for array processing in impulsive noise. Novel features of the EM algorithm and the associated maximum likelihood formulation include a nonlinear beamformer that separates multiple source signals in non-Gaussian noise and a robust covariance matrix estimate that suppresses impulsive noise while also performing a model-based interpolation to restore the low-rank signal subspace. The EM approach yields improvement over initial robust estimates and is valid for a wide SNR range. The results are also robust to PDF model mismatch and work well with infinite variance cases such as the symmetric stable distributions. Simulations confirm the optimality of the EM estimation procedure in a variety of cases, including a multiuser communications scenario. We also compare with existing array processing algorithms for non-Gaussian noise.
Laser Transferred Sol‐Gel PZT Thin Films (2006)

In order to achieve the integration compatibility with silicon microelectronics, ferroelectric lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thin films have been prepared by combining a sol-gel process and a laser transfer process. PZT films with thickness ranging from 1 to 10μm are first deposited and annealed on sapphire substrates using an acetic acid based sol-gel method. Then they are bonded to silicon substrates and subsequently released from the sapphire substrates through excimer laser exposure from the backside of the sapphire substrates. These laser transferred PZT thin films have dielectric constants ranging from 526 to 1273, remnant polarizations of more than 32 μC/cm 2 , and maximum polarizations of more than 52 μC/cm 2 . The laser exposure induces a surface damage layer on the PZT films which shows a glassy phase structure, has a dielectric constant less than 67 and thickness less than 0.1 μm but the laser exposure does not induce electric defects in the films as the laser transferred films have very high dielectric strength. While the laser induced surface damage layer can significantly affect the measurement and calculation of the dielectric constants and coercive fields of the PZT film, it is not necessary to remove this surface damage layer to make sensor and actuator devices because we still can effectively re-orient the domains and thus pole the films even with the existence of the surface damage layer.
Fracture Analysis of the Cathode in Li-Ion Batteries: A Simulation Study (2012)

Abstract not Available.
Broadband circular polarized antenna for 915MHz RFID systems using miniaturized bow-tie loop elements (2015)

In this work a new broadband circularly-polarized antenna is presented for ultrahigh frequency (UHF) RFID systems. The antenna is designed to simultaneously cover the European and American RFID/ISM band (860-868 MHz and 902-928 MHz, respectively). The simulated data shows a 10 dB return loss bandwidth covering the frequency range from 846 MHz up to 959 MHz, making the antenna suitable for RFID systems. Furthermore, reductions in length of 31% and occupied footprint of 53% for a single antenna element is achieved. The bowtie element was implemented in a four element circular polarized (CP) design for operation in the 915 MHZ band, fed by a 180 power splitter and 90 degree phase shifters to achieve circularly polarized radiation. Initial measurements show good performance in the 902-928 MHz band, with an axial ratio of 0.72 dB at 915 MHz. Due to the broadband performance of the designed antenna, operation in the European ISM band can be easily achieved by simply replacing the feed and matching network components.
Familial British Dementia (2001)

Familial British dementia is an autosoma dominant form of congophilic amyloid angiopathy, clinically characterized by progressive dementia, spastic tetraparesis and cerebellar ataxia, with an age of onset in the fourth to fifth decade and full penetrance by age 60. Neuropathologic examination of autopsy cases have revealed a severe amyloid angiopathy of the brain and spinal cord. In spite of the extensive amyloid deposition in the CNS vasculature, large intracerebral hemorrhage appears not to be a common feature of FBD.
On satellite vision-aided robotics experiment (2002)

This paper describes the vision-based robotic control (VBRC) experiments executed on the Japanese research satellite ETS-VII. The VBRC experiments were designed to enhance image quality, refine calibration of different system components, facilitate robot-operation by automatically refining the robot-pose and provide data for robot-calibration.
Low Output Ripple DC–DC Converter Based on an Overlapping Dual Asymmetric Half-Bridge Topology (2007)

A new converter topology is described for applications requiring very low output current ripple. The proposed converter consists of two asymmetric half-bridge converters whose output voltages overlap in a finite interval of time. This converter provides well regulated and smooth dc output without the need of an output filter. The output voltage is regulated by direct amplitude modulation. Unlike the standard interleaved converters, the proposed converter is robust to input voltage and operating duty cycle variations. Furthermore, equal current sharing is automatically achieved under all conditions, thus ensuring full utilisation of the output rectifiers for wide input and output ranges. The circuit achieves zero-voltage turnon for all primary switches and zero-current turnoff for the output rectifiers. An isolated dc-dc converter prototype with 5-V output voltage and 20-A output current has been built to verify the design.
Infrared multiphoton decomposition: photochemistry and photophysics (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleInfrared multiphoton decomposition: photochemistry and photophysicsDavid M. Golden, Michel J. Rossi, Alan C. Baldwin, and John R. BarkerCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1981, 14, 2, 56–62Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar00062a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ar00062a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views86Altmetric-Citations51LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Efficient parametric amplification in high and very high frequency piezoelectric nanoelectromechanical systems (2010)

Parametric amplification in nanomechanical structures is demonstrated by modulating a purely intrinsic mechanical parameter of the system—the stress—via piezoelectric electromechanical coupling. Large resonance amplitude and quality factor enhancement due to parametric pumping are observed under both vacuum and ambient pressure conditions. Exploration of the region of parametric instability yields results that agree with parametric amplification theory.
Carbon Dioxide Sorbent from Construction and Textile Plastic Waste (2023)

Abstract Plastic waste (PW) from textile and construction industries is rarely recycled due to the lack of economical and effective commercial recycling technologies. In this work, PW from these two sources is successfully converted into a microporous sorbent that is highly selective to carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) adsorption. The synthesis of the sorbent is achieved by the pyrolysis of PW in the presence of a potassium salt activator. The properties of the sorbent can be tuned by changing the parent plastic type to get varying degrees of microporosity, surface area, and nitrogen content. The best performer, a sorbent derived from nylon 6,12, had a CO 2 uptake of 19 wt% (4.32 mmol g −1 ) and 5 wt% (1.1 mmol g −1 ) at 1 and 0.1 bar, respectively. The initial estimated cost of synthesizing the sorbent is ≈$531 tonne −1 of PW making this process economically attractive compared to competitive technologies. The sorbent effectiveness in CO 2 separation is demonstrated from various feeds including simulated flue gas and direct air capture. Thus, this upcycling approach can help to address two environmental challenges: PW pollution and increased atmospheric CO 2 levels.
Html 3 How-To: The Definitive Html 3 Problem-Solver (1996)

Web basics HTML basics adding HTML character effects document spacing in HTML HTML tables HTML lists established links in-line images using external viewers HTML interactive forms server basics handling security the common gateway interface (CGI) beyond HTML (CGI scripts, VBScripts, etc.) firewalls and security. Appendices: HTML quick reference WWW resources MIME type table UNIX quick reference HTML style guide.
EXAMINATION OF JUDGMENT PROCESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION OF ANCHORAGE ZONE OF POST-INSTALLED ANCHOR BY USING ELECTROMAGNETIC PULSE METHOD (2022)

We proposed an improved evaluation process for the quantitative nondestructive evaluation of anchorage zone of post-installed anchor by using electromagnetic pulse method. We changed the method of assigning NG points for each index value so that there is a difference depending on the amount that deviates from the judgment threshold. The improved process can evaluate the degree of the defectiveness, and the effectiveness was demonstrated by comparing with the conventional one.
Ruthenium‐Induced Allylcarbamate Cleavage in Living Cells (2006)

Ganz einfach: Eine rutheniumkatalysierte Freisetzung von Aminen aus ihren Allylcarbamaten wird vorgestellt. Sie ist ein Schritt hin zum Design von Katalysatoren als Werkzeuge für die Zellbiologie. Die Reaktion wird nicht durch eine Kombination aus Wasser, Luft und Thiolen beeinträchtigt, und sie kann in lebenden Säugerzellen durchgeführt werden. Cp*=Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl, cod=1,5-Cyclooctadien.
Jasmonic acid carboxyl methyltransferase: A key enzyme for jasmonate-regulated plant responses (2001)

Methyl jasmonate is a plant volatile that acts as an important cellular regulator mediating diverse developmental processes and defense responses. We have cloned the novel gene JMT encoding an S-adenosyl-l-methionine:jasmonic acid carboxyl methyltransferase (JMT) from Arabidopsis thaliana. Recombinant JMT protein expressed in Escherichia coli catalyzed the formation of methyl jasmonate from jasmonic acid with K(m) value of 38.5 microM. JMT RNA was not detected in young seedlings but was detected in rosettes, cauline leaves, and developing flowers. In addition, expression of the gene was induced both locally and systemically by wounding or methyl jasmonate treatment. This result suggests that JMT can perceive and respond to local and systemic signals generated by external stimuli, and that the signals may include methyl jasmonate itself. Transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing JMT had a 3-fold elevated level of endogenous methyl jasmonate without altering jasmonic acid content. The transgenic plants exhibited constitutive expression of jasmonate-responsive genes, including VSP and PDF1.2. Furthermore, the transgenic plants showed enhanced level of resistance against the virulent fungus Botrytis cinerea. Thus, our data suggest that the jasmonic acid carboxyl methyltransferase is a key enzyme for jasmonate-regulated plant responses. Activation of JMT expression leads to production of methyl jasmonate that could act as an intracellular regulator, a diffusible intercellular signal transducer, and an airborne signal mediating intra- and interplant communications.
Resilient real-time systems (1986)

An integral part of the conformity assessment process for medical devices is a clinical evaluation based on clinical data. Particularly in the case of implantable devices and products of risk class III clinical trials must be performed. Since March 2010 applications for the authorization of clinical trials as well as for the waiver of the authorization requirement must be submitted centrally in Germany to the appropriate federal authority, the Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM) or the Paul Ehrlich Institute (PEI). In addition to authorization, approval by the responsible ethics committee is also required under law in order to begin clinical testing of medical devices in Germany. In this paper, the legal framework for the clinical testing of medical devices as well as those involved and possible procedures including evaluation criteria for the initial application of a trial and subsequent amendments are presented in detail. In addition, the reporting requirements for serious adverse events (SAEs) are explained and possible consequences of the evaluation are presented. Finally, a summary of application and registration numbers for all areas of extensive experience of the BfArM as well as requests and guidance for applicants are presented.
A Dual-Gate Memory Cell with Two Inter-Poly Oxides (2009)

International audience
Early Effects of Passive Leg-Raising Test, Fluid Challenge, and Norepinephrine on Cerebral Autoregulation and Oxygenation in COVID-19 Critically Ill Patients (2021)

<b>Background:</b> Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients are at high risk of neurological complications consequent to several factors including persistent hypotension. There is a paucity of data on the effects of therapeutic interventions designed to optimize systemic hemodynamics on cerebral autoregulation (CA) in this group of patients. <b>Methods:</b> Single-center, observational prospective study conducted at San Martino Policlinico Hospital, Genoa, Italy, from October 1 to December 15, 2020. Mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients, who had at least one episode of hypotension and received a passive leg raising (PLR) test, were included. They were then treated with fluid challenge (FC) and/or norepinephrine (NE), according to patients' clinical conditions, at different moments. The primary outcome was to assess the early effects of PLR test and of FC and NE [when clinically indicated to maintain adequate mean arterial pressure (MAP)] on CA (CA index) measured by transcranial Doppler (TCD). Secondary outcomes were to evaluate the effects of PLR test, FC, and NE on systemic hemodynamic variables, cerebral oxygenation (rSo<sub>2</sub>), and non-invasive intracranial pressure (nICP). <b>Results:</b> Twenty-three patients were included and underwent PLR test. Of these, 22 patients received FC and 14 were treated with NE. The median age was 62 years (interquartile range = 57-68.5 years), and 78% were male. PLR test led to a low CA index [58% (44-76.3%)]. FC and NE administration resulted in a CA index of 90.8% (74.2-100%) and 100% (100-100%), respectively. After PLR test, nICP based on pulsatility index and nICP based on flow velocity diastolic formula was increased [18.6 (17.7-19.6) vs. 19.3 (18.2-19.8) mm Hg, <i>p</i> = 0.009, and 12.9 (8.5-18) vs. 15 (10.5-19.7) mm Hg, <i>p</i> = 0.001, respectively]. PLR test, FC, and NE resulted in a significant increase in MAP and rSo<sub>2</sub>. <b>Conclusions:</b> In mechanically ventilated severe COVID-19 patients, PLR test adversely affects CA. An individualized strategy aimed at assessing both the hemodynamic and cerebral needs is warranted in patients at high risk of neurological complications.
ABIRISK Consortium Recommendations for Terms and Definitions for Describing and Interpreting Unwanted Immunogenicity of Biopharmaceuticals (2015)

Biopharmaceuticals (BPs) represent a rapidly growing class of approved and investigational drug therapies that is contributing significantly to advancing treatment in multiple disease areas, including inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, genetic deficiencies, and cancer. Unfortunately, unwanted immunogenic responses to BPs, in particular those responses that affect clinical safety or efficacy, remain among the most common negative effects associated with this important class of drug therapies. Therefore, there is a growing need to elucidate the underlying causes and to evaluate methods for predicting and mitigating immunogenicity. Supported by the 
Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI; www.imi-europe.org), the ABIRISK consortium (Anti-Biopharmaceutical [BP] Immunization Prediction and Clinical Relevance to Reduce the Risk; 
www.abirisk.eu), was formed in 2012 with participants representing a network of leaders from various communities who have an interest in furthering the understanding and reducing the risk of BP immunogenicity: clinicians involved in the care of patients treated with various type of BPs, academic scientists researching mechanisms of immunogenicity, and EFPIA (European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations) scientists involved in development of BPs. ABIRISK’s goal of improving the understanding of BP immunization should also lead to the generation of guidelines for drug development and the clinical care of patients. A prerequisite to understanding the impact of immunogenicity is to provide clear definitions around terms and concepts related to immunogenicity, its prediction, and associated clinical events. An overview of the concepts behind key terms and definitions adopted to date by ABIRISK is provided in this document along with a link to the documented ABIRISK terms and definitions that will be maintained on the ABIRISK website throughout the duration of the consortium. It is anticipated that refinement of definitions as well as introduction of new terms will be needed over the 5 year duration of the consortium’s work. In addition, ABIRISK will invite comment on these terms, definitions and concepts from other immunogenicity experts within the broader community of medical, academic, and pharmaceutical scientists outside of the ABIRISK consortium. Therefore, it is the consortium’s intention to maintain the most current version on the ABIRISK site for public use, review and comment.
Evaluation of SOF Effects on Deposit Characteristics of the EGR Cooler Using a PM Generator (2011)

The high concentration of particulate matter (PM) in diesel exhaust gas causes significant soot deposition on the wall of EGR cooler, and reduces the heat transfer performance of the EGR cooler and the reduction rate of NOx. The deposition of PM tends to be occurred more severely with "heavy wet PM," which is more frequently at the LTC (low temperature combustion) engine.The objective of this work is to evaluate the effects of soluble organic fraction (SOF) on deposit characteristics of the EGR cooler. To measure reliable mean particle concentration values and surrogate SOFs, the soot generator with SOF vaporizer was used.As for two surrogate SOFs, n-dodecane and diesel lube oil, deposit mass increased when they were injected. Especially from the experiment results, it was found that the lube oil effect was more significant than the n-dodecane effect and lube oil also had a stronger effect on reduction of thermal conductivity by filling pores in deposits. In detail, when diesel lube oil was injected, the deposit mass per unit area increased 121% compared to dry soot without injection at the coolant temperature of 40°C. In contrast, effectiveness-drop after 10 hours increased just by 11%.