gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hierarchical constellations for multi-class data transmission over block fading channels [mobile communications] (2005)

We study An application of hierarchical constellations (known also as nonuniform, asymmetric, and multi-resolution constellations) in conjunction with a retransmission strategy to multi-class data transmission over block fading channels. The basic idea is to assign different hierarchies of a hierarchical quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) to different classes of data according to their transmission priorities (quantified through their average throughput and delay requirements) and then to apply a truncated retransmission scheme to each hierarchy (or equivalently each class of data) separately in order to meet the delay requirements of the various services. We present closed-form expressions for the average packet loss rate and the packet transmission rate of each class of data over Nakagami-m block fading channel. Some numerical results show that the proposed hierarchical scheme outperforms a classical time-multiplexing scheme employing power-controlled uniform QAM constellations for multi-class data transmission over block fading channels.
Portable Gas Chromatograph with Tunable Retention and Sensor Array Detection for Determination of Complex Vapor Mixtures (2003)

A prototype portable gas chromatograph that combines a multiadsorbent preconcentrator/focuser, a tandem-column separation stage with individual column temperature control and junction point pressure modulation, and a detector consisting of an integrated array of polymer-coated surface acoustic wave microsensors is described. Using scheduled first-column stop-flow intervals and independent temperature programming of the two columns, it is possible to adjust the retention of eluting analyte vapors to maximize vapor recognition with the microsensor array and minimize the time of analysis. A retention window approach is combined with Monte Carlo simulations to guide retention tuning requirements and facilitate pattern recognition analyses. The determination of a 30-vapor mixture of common indoor air contaminants in < 10 min is demonstrated using ambient air as the carrier gas. Detection limits of < 10 ppb are achieved for the majority of compounds from a 1-L air sample on the basis of the most sensitive sensor in the array. Performance is assessed in the context of near-real-time indoor air quality monitoring applications.
Wide frequency reconfigurability on a miniature omnidirectional antenna combining variable capacitance and inductance (2015)

International audience
Multi-beam antenna system for mesh network with omnidirectional mode (2008)

In this paper, an alternate low cost 4-sector antenna solution in which the omnidirectional mode is obtained by the combination of the 4 sector modes is presented. The solution based on using 4 Vivaldi antenna etched on a printed circuit board, at 90deg from each other have been developed for use in a wireless backhaul mesh network operating in the 5 GHz WiFi band.
PTD/CPP Peptide-Mediated Delivery of siRNAs (2013)

siRNA-induced RNA Interference (RNAi) responses have great potential to treat human disease; however, siRNAs are highly charged macromolecules with no ability to enter cells and require a delivery agent. Peptide Transduction Domains (PTDs), also called Cell Penetrating Peptides (CPPs), are delivery peptides with the potential to deliver macromolecular peptides, proteins and siRNAs into cells. Here we discuss the multitude of ways that PTDs/CPPs have been utilized to deliver siRNAs from direct conjugates to complex nanoparticles. PTD/CPP-mediated siRNA delivery has come a long way and has great potential to address the siRNA delivery problem.
Evaluating and improving real-world evidence with Targeted Learning (2022)

Purpose: The Targeted Learning roadmap provides a systematic guide for generating and evaluating real-world evidence (RWE). From a regulatory perspective, RWE arises from diverse sources such as randomized controlled trials that make use of real-world data, observational studies, and other study designs. This paper illustrates a principled approach to assessing the validity and interpretability of RWE. Methods: We applied the roadmap to a published observational study of the dose-response association between ritodrine hydrochloride and pulmonary edema among women pregnant with twins in Japan. The goal was to identify barriers to causal effect estimation beyond unmeasured confounding reported by the study's authors, and to explore potential options for overcoming the barriers that robustify results. Results: Following the roadmap raised issues that led us to formulate alternative causal questions that produced more reliable, interpretable RWE. The process revealed a lack of information in the available data to identify a causal dose-response curve. However, under explicit assumptions the effect of treatment with any amount of ritodrine versus none, albeit a less ambitious parameter, can be estimated from data. Conclusion: Before RWE can be used in support of clinical and regulatory decision-making, its quality and reliability must be systematically evaluated. The TL roadmap prescribes how to carry out a thorough, transparent, and realistic assessment of RWE. We recommend this approach be a routine part of any decision-making process.
Aerosol‐Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition of Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes on Steel Substrates for Application in Supercapacitors (2015)

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are grown on to steel substrates by aerosol‐assisted chemical vapor deposition using ferrocene in ethanol as the carbon feedstock. The CNTs adopted a highly entangled morphology. Elemental analysis indicates that the main source of carbon for CNT growth is from the cyclopentadiene rings in ferrocene rather than the ethanol solvent. The CNT‐coated steel substrates are evaluated for their performance as supercapacitor electrodes. The electrodes exhibit a high geometric capacitance of 3.4 mF cm −2 which is due to the high internal surface area, but a relatively low specific capacitance of 0.34 F g −1 .
The virtual pediatric standardized patient application: formative evaluation findings. (2005)

This paper presents formative (i.e., not final project) evaluation data from the use of a responsive virtual human training application by medical students rotating through Pediatrics and by Pediatric medical educators. We are encouraged by the evaluation results and believe the iterative development strategies employed and the subsequent refinements in the scenarios will lead to important instructional and assessment tools for medical educators.
Correspondent Functional Topography of the Human Left Inferior Parietal Lobule at Rest and Under Task Revealed Using Resting‐State fMRI and Coactivation Based Parcellation (2017)

The human left inferior parietal lobule (LIPL) plays a pivotal role in many cognitive functions and is an important node in the default mode network (DMN). Although many previous studies have proposed different parcellation schemes for the LIPL, the detailed functional organization of the LIPL and the exact correspondence between the DMN and LIPL subregions remain unclear. Mounting evidence indicates that spontaneous fluctuations in the brain are strongly associated with cognitive performance at the behavioral level. However, whether a consistent functional topographic organization of the LIPL during rest and under task can be revealed remains unknown. Here, they used resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) and task-related coactivation patterns separately to parcellate the LIPL and identified seven subregions. Four subregions were located in the supramarginal gyrus (SMG) and three subregions were located in the angular gyrus (AG). The subregion-specific networks and functional characterization revealed that the four anterior subregions were found to be primarily involved in sensorimotor processing, movement imagination and inhibitory control, audition perception and speech processing, and social cognition, whereas the three posterior subregions were mainly involved in episodic memory, semantic processing, and spatial cognition. The results revealed a detailed functional organization of the LIPL and suggested that the LIPL is a functionally heterogeneous area. In addition, the present study demonstrated that the functional architecture of the LIPL during rest corresponds with that found in task processing. Hum Brain Mapp 38:1659-1675, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nutritional factors in the design of more selective antitumor agents. (1969)

Manipulation of nutritional factors, either by supplementation or by creation of a deficiency, has already been found to be effective in the therapy of a few specific neoplasms. Particular examples are the Walker 256 carcinoma, which is sensitive to folate deficiency but not to Methotrexate administration; certain lymphoblastic leukemias which are relatively sensitive to asparagine deficiency; and some lymphomas which are sensitive to riboflavin deficiency. However, the area is as yet relatively unexplored, due partly to the difficulties in obtaining nutritional depletion and due more to lack of knowledge of those specific nutritional requirements by which specific tumors might differ from the requirements of their host.
Abstract 395: Transient Inactivation of Retinoblastoma Induces De-Novo Cardiomyogenesis From Human Myocardial Progenitors but Not Pre-Existing Cardiomyocyte Replication (2015)

Introduction: Activation of cardiac cell cycle re-entry is considered the primary therapeutic strategy for cardiomyocyte (CM) regeneration. However, the role of cardiac cell-cycle control in cardiomyogenesis remains elusive. Here, we combined RNA interference and stem cell modeling to investigate the role of Retinoblastoma (RB) in human cardiomyogenesis. Hypothesis: RB regulates proliferation and differentiation of cardiac progenitors (CPCs) but not CM replication. Methods: H9 human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) stably expressing tetracycline (tet)-inducible shRNAs against RB (hESCshRB) or hemagglutinin-tagged RB (hESCHA-RB) were tet-induced at selected time-points during or after CM differentiation. Results: Analysis of ser-608 illustrated stage-specific differences in the degree of RB inactivation during normal hESCs-cardiogenesis. Transient shRB knockdown in hESCshRB-derived embryoid bodies (EBs) during the CPC-stage (EB-days 5-8), significantly upregulated GATA4, ISL1, CTNNI, and cKit transcription (p&lt;0.05), while increasing the yield of beating EBs by 2.4-fold (n=6/group, p&lt;0.0001 vs. vehicle). Gene-expression arrays of 22 RB-related genes, illustrated that shRB-knockdown upregulated CCND1, CCND2, CCND3, and CDK4, CDK6 (p&lt;0.05), followed by a 3.6-fold increase in E2F3 (p&lt;0.05) expression. Moreover, expression of p107 and p130, p27, p57, ARF and CDKN3 were also significantly increased (p&lt;0.05), whereas TP53 and MDM2 remained unchanged. Ectopic HA-RB in CPCs did not significantly affect cardiogenesis (n=18). Conversely, shRB knockdown in EB-day 60-derived CMs (n=15) did not stimulate cell cycle re-entry, as assessed by analysis of EdU incorporation and Aurora-B kinase (AurB). Remarkably, co-culture of hESCHA-RB-derived CMs with adult cardiac (CSCs) and/or mesenchymal (MSCs) stem cells (n=15/group), increased cell-cycle re-entry ~2.8-fold, assessed by ser-10 Histone H3 (p=0.0002) and AurB (p&lt;0.0001). Conclusions: These findings suggest that RB regulates proliferation and differentiation of human CPCs in a cell-autonomous manner, via a CCND-CDK4/6-E2F3 mechanism. Conversely, CM replication may be enhanced via cell-cell interactions with MSCs and/or CSCs, but not cell-autonomously via RB inactivation.
Respiratory Health Effects of In Vivo Sub-Chronic Diesel and Biodiesel Exhaust Exposure (2023)

Biodiesel, which can be made from a variety of natural oils, is currently promoted as a sustainable, healthier replacement for commercial mineral diesel despite little experimental data supporting this. The aim of our research was to investigate the health impacts of exposure to exhaust generated by the combustion of diesel and two different biodiesels. Male BALB/c mice (<i>n</i> = 24 per group) were exposed for 2 h/day for 8 days to diluted exhaust from a diesel engine running on ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD) or Tallow or Canola biodiesel, with room air exposures used as control. A variety of respiratory-related end-point measurements were assessed, including lung function, responsiveness to methacholine, airway inflammation and cytokine response, and airway morphometry. Exposure to Tallow biodiesel exhaust resulted in the most significant health impacts compared to Air controls, including increased airway hyperresponsiveness and airway inflammation. In contrast, exposure to Canola biodiesel exhaust resulted in fewer negative health effects. Exposure to ULSD resulted in health impacts between those of the two biodiesels. The health effects of biodiesel exhaust exposure vary depending on the feedstock used to make the fuel.
Six-Month Randomized, Multicenter Trial of Closed-Loop Control in Type 1 Diabetes (2019)

In this 6-month trial involving patients with type 1 diabetes, the use of a closed-loop system was associated with a greater percentage of time spent in a target glycemic range than the use of a sensor-augmented insulin pump. (Funded by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; iDCL ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03563313.).
Selective elimination of a B cell subset having acceptor site(s) for T cell-replacing factor (TRF) with biotinylated antibody to the acceptor site(s) and avidin-ricin A-chain conjugate. (1984)

A covalent conjugate of avidin with ricin subunit A-chain (avidin-RA) was prepared by using N-succinimidyl 3-(2-pyridyldithio)propionate as a coupling agent. Selective cytotoxic activity after the combined treatment of spleen cells with biotinylated antibody and avidin-RA was demonstrated by the fact that the responsiveness to LPS was selectively abrogated by pretreatment of the cells with biotinylated rabbit anti-mouse immunoglobulin (MIg) antibody, but not with biotinylated anti-Thy-1.2 antibody. Neither the biotinylated antibody alone nor avidin-RA alone was effective in decreasing the responses to mitogens. Moreover, a high anti-DNP PFC response elicited by DNP-KLH-primed BALB/c mouse spleen cells stimulated in vitro with DNP-KLH was mostly abrogated by the pretreatment of the cells with biotinylated anti-MIg antibody and avidin-RA. Again, neither the biotinylated antibody alone nor avidin-RA alone was effective in decreasing the anti-DNP PFC response. This cell-killing method with the use of biotinylated antibody and avidin-RA was applied and evaluated in experimental systems in which the helper action of T cells on B cells was mediated by T cell-replacing factor (TRF) or was performed by the direct interaction of T cells with B cells (cognate interaction). When DNP-KLH-primed splenic B cells, pretreated with biotinylated F(ab')2 fragment of DCF1 male anti-BALB/c-B IgG antibody against acceptor site(s) for TRF followed by treatment with avidin-RA, were stimulated with DNP-OVA in the presence of monoclonal TRF, the anti-DNP PFC response was significantly decreased, whereas the same treated B cells responded well to stimulation with DNP-PPD in the presence of Tbc-primed T cells (cognate interaction). These results indicate that B cells responsible for the cognate interaction and those having TRF acceptor site(s) belong to a distinct subpopulation of B cells, and that the cytocidal action of the noncovalent conjugate of the antibody and RA formed from the biotinylated antibody and avidin-RA via an avidin-biotin complex has immunologic selectivity, eliminating only the latter subset of B cells recognized by the antibody.
Probability-based nonlinear modeling of neural dynamical systems with point-process inputs and outputs (2014)

One of the great challenges of contemporary neuroscience is understanding in a quantitative manner how neurons and neural ensembles encode and process information in the form of action potentials. The advent of multi-electrode arrays which can record large amounts of data simultaneously from several neurons has made this task more urgent. This task, however, is made difficult by the inherent complexity of neural systems which are highly nonlinear, interconnected, dynamic, and subject to stochastic variations. Furthermore, while several methods exist which offer good predictive performance for spike train modeling, their adoption in the broader neuroscience community has been limited due to their mathematical complexity and lack of interpretability.

Here we present a novel and intuitive methodology of modeling nonlinear dynamic systems with point process inputs and outputs, such as interconnected neuronal ensembles. The method relies on the expression of the nonlinearity in the form of Volterra-like kernels, termed the Probability-Based Volterra (PBV) kernels. The nth order PBV kernel, PBVn, is derived in two steps. First, we calculate the conditional probability of an output spike given n input spikes at various lags. Second, we subtract lower order effects to isolate the nth order nonlinearity. Thus, the first PBV kernel, PBV1(τ), is the conditional probability of an output spike given a spike in the input spike train at time τ, minus the probability that there will be a spike in the output, i.e.:



PBV1(τ)=P(y[t]|x[t-τ])-P(y[t])

(1)



This first order kernel describes a linear impulse response filter similar to that derived from spike triggered averaging and cross-correlation methods. The second order PBV kernel, PBV2(τ1, τ2), which is the first nonlinear kernel, is the conditional probability of an output spike given a pair of input spikes minus the conditional probability of an output spike given either one of those input spikes individually, i.e.:



PBV2τ1,τ2=Py[t]|x[t-τ1]∩x[t-τ2]-P(y[t]|x[t-τ1])-P(y[t]|x[t-τ2])+P(y[t])

(2)



This method may be extended to describe the contribution of n pairs spikes to the output in the form of the nth PBV kernel. We show that the PBV kernels are equivalent to the Wiener kernels when the input is a Poisson process, thus placing the PBV kernels in the context of a well-established and rigorous mathematical theory [1].

The proposed PBV methodology was applied to synthetic systems where the ground truth of the model was available. The PBV kernels were found to both accurately estimate the ground truth kernels and to reproduce the given output, thus validating the method. Finally, the proposed PBV methodology was applied to real neural data derived from the CA3 and CA1 regions of the rodent hippocampus [2]. Although here ground truth was not available, the PBV kernels were able to reproduce the output as well as other models which have been validated both mathematically and in-vivo in the context of neural prosthetics [2].
The Culture of Accessible Transportation (2017)

Social, economic, and political developments and trends combined with related practices create the culture, in the terminology of anthropology, within which accessibility to public transportation is achieved. This chapter examines this culture-the larger social context in which accessible transportation is embedded, and, the policies and operations that are used to implement it. Public transportation in these older cities have benefitted from an infrastructure that makes driving both difficult and expensive, an historic familiarity with public transportation use, and an economy that contributed to the prominence of their inner cities as a work location. Larger systems may have their own maintenance operations, repair shops, and even a real estate development operation. Historically, older transportation companies have extensive landholdings, sometimes including commercial facilities they have developed and through which they earn income. The smallest operations may not even own their own vehicles, relying on vendors to furnish and maintain their vehicles.
[Targeting of tumor cells by low density lipoproteins: principle and use of ellipticin derivatives]. (1992)

Cells acquire cholesterol via de novo synthesis and high affinity receptor-mediated uptake of low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Some tumor tissues display increased receptor-mediated uptake of LDL as compared with the corresponding normal tissues. This increased LDL receptor activity is unexplained: a high cholesterol demand for cell growth or a mechanism directly linked to cell transformation. LDL has therefore been proposed as a potential carrier for chemotherapeutic agents. Various methods have been used to incorporate antineoplastic lipophilic drugs into LDL. The resultant drug-LDL complexes have been shown to be cytotoxic towards tumor cells in vitro, via the LDL receptor dependent pathway. However little is now on the in vivo fate of this complex. We described the incorporation of lipophilic derivatives of ellipticine into LDL by a fusion or facilitated transfer technique between drug containing microemulsions and LDL. The drug-LDL complex expressed similar metabolic activity, in vitro and in vivo, than native LDL. Initial experiments with melanoma B16 tumor-bearing mice suggest that LDL may be a potential drug carrier in the treatment of malignant diseases. The knowledge of the molecular mechanism of the expression of the LDL receptor in tumor cells and the ability to downregulate the LDL receptor in the normal tissues, will define the application field of this targeting approach.
Technique for Removal of Malpositioned Ex-PRESS Glaucoma Device (2012)

This technique may assist surgeons in the safe and controlled removal of an Ex-PRESS shunt in cases of malpositioning, impending exposure, or extrusion.
Design and Implementation of Sensor Node Hardware Platform Based on Sensor Network Environment (2010)

According to the development of ubiquitous and computer techniques, the application fields of sensor network have been enlarged. We present the design and implementation of sensor node which is the most important component of sensor network techniques in this paper. The proposed sensor node is implemented with 8-bit microprocessor, and temperature and humidity sensing device to gather temperature and humidity data in real world. It achieves low production cost and user convenience, and also has the feature os existing commercial sensor node. Though our experiments, we show that deviation of temperature and humidity are and 23.2% respectively, and the proposed sensor node is reliable in real applications.
Propagation of incoherent “white” light and modulation instability in noninstantaneous nonlinear media (2002)

We develop a theory describing propagation of spatially and temporally incoherent light in noninstantaneous nonlinear media, and predict the existence of modulation instability of "white" light. We find that the modulation instability of white light is fundamentally a collective effect, where all the temporal frequencies participate in the formation of a pattern, and self-adjust their respective contributions.
Impact of Web based language modeling on speech understanding (2005)

Data sparseness in building statistical language models for spoken dialog systems is a critical problem. In a previous paper we addressed this issue by exploiting the World Wide Web (WWW) and other external data sources in a financial transaction domain. In this paper, we evaluate the impact of improved speech recognition due to Web-based language model (WebLM) on the speech understanding performance in a new domain. As speech understanding system we use a natural language call-routing system. Experimental results show that the WebLM improves the speech recognition performance by 1.7% to 2.7% across varying amounts of in-domain data. The improvements in action classification (AC) performance were modest yet consistent ranging from 0.3% to 0.8%.
Long‐term safety of vedolizumab for inflammatory bowel disease (2020)

The safety profile of vedolizumab remains favourable with no unexpected or new safety concerns. These results further establish the safety of vedolizumab and support its long-term use (NCT00790933/EudraCT 2008-002784-14).