gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Methylation profiles of sporadic ovarian tumors and nonmalignant ovaries from high-risk women. (2002)

Our results suggest that aberrant methylation of specific genes, including two not described previously, may be important in ovarian cancer pathogenesis but not in ovaries at risk for cancer development.
A Practical Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Fused 1,6-Dihydroimidazo-[1,2-a]imidazole-2,5-diones, Key Intermediates for LFA-1 Inhibitors (2004)

Correction to: A Practical Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Fused 1,6-Dihydroimidazo-[1,2-a]imidazole-2,5-diones, Key Intermediates for LFA-1 InhibitorsSynlett 2004; 2004(15): 2800-2802DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-835638
The use of heat to deliver fentanyl via pulmonary drug delivery (2021)

The golden standard to treat acute pain is by intravenous drug delivery of opioids such as fentanyl or morphine. Intravenous drug delivery requires the placement of an intravenous (IV) port, which can cause infections, dislodgments, and distress to the patients, and therefore a non-invasive method is desirable. Pulmonary drug delivery is a non-invasive method that has been shown to be a good alternative to intravenous administration. New devices have been investigated for treating acute pain by delivering fentanyl by heat. The pure drug, fentanyl, is applied onto a surface which is then heated up to 350 °C and inhaled, resulting in no formation of degradation products. Furthermore, forced degradation of fentanyl has been studied which showed that longer heating time and higher temperatures will result in the formation of degradation products. The evidence indicates that heat can be used to deliver drugs to the lungs where fast onset reaction can be obtained giving fast and non-invasive pain relief.
One vs Three Years of Adjuvant Imatinib for Operable Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (2012)

clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00116935.
Embodied Multimodal Multitask Learning (2020)

Visually-grounded embodied language learning models have recently shown to be effective at learning multiple multimodal tasks such as following navigational instructions and answering questions. In this paper, we address two key limitations of these models, (a) the inability to transfer the grounded knowledge across different tasks and (b) the inability to transfer to new words and concepts not seen during training using only a few examples. We propose a multitask model which facilitates knowledge transfer across tasks by disentangling the knowledge of words and visual attributes in the intermediate representations. We create scenarios and datasets to quantify cross-task knowledge transfer and show that the proposed model outperforms a range of baselines in simulated 3D environments. We also show that this disentanglement of representations makes our model modular and interpretable which allows for transfer to instructions containing new concepts.
A parameter design method of pwm voltage‐source rectifier (1993)

Abstract This paper describes a method of determining parameters of PWM rectifiers based on the degrees of total harmonic distortion (THD). The inductance value of ac reactors and the capacitance value of the dc capacitor have a great influence on the amplitude of the harmonics in the ac input currents and dc output voltage, respectively. So far, simulation‐based harmonic analysis is dominant. Here, the harmonic distortion determining factor is proposed that provides a simpler and broader manner of obtaining THD values, that is, it enables approximate THD values to be calculated without conducting any simulations or experiments. Finally, an experiment using a DSP is carried out to confirm the usefulness. An optimal regulator theory is applied to the controller design.
Abstract 3601: CP-868,596, a highly potent and selective PDGFR TKI inhibits growth of PDGFRα-driven lung cancer cells (2011)

Abstract Background: Platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα) has been identified as an oncogenic kinase in lung cancer tumors and cell lines. CP-868,596 is an orally bioavailable, highly potent and selective PDGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI). CP-868,596 is a benzimidazole compound that has been designed to block phosphorylation of PDGFRα and PDGFRβ at 1-2 nM concentrations. The 50% inhibition concentration (IC50) of CP-868,596 for PDGFRα and PDGFRβ is 0.9 nM and 1.8 nM, respectively. A phase I trial of CP-868,596 showed good oral bioavailability and a favorable safety profile. Additionally, serum concentrations as high as 2000 nM were achieved. One bronchoalveolar carcinoma patient showed clinical improvement and remained on the trial for more than 170 days. We have tested the activity of CP-868,596 in ∼20 selected NSCLC cell lines, including H1703, which has been identified as a model system to study PDGFRα-driven lung cancer. Each cell line tested was well-characterized with respect to DNA copy number gain, mRNA and protein expression level. Materials and Methods: Lung cancer cell lines including H1703 (PDGFRA, PDGFC amplification; PDGFRα overexpression), NCI-H1693, NCI-H23 and NCI-H661 (PDGFRA amplification), H1770 (PDGFRA mutation), H1975 (EGFR T790M mutation), EBC1 (MET amplification), H3122 (EML4-ALK translocation), etc. were cultured in HyQ RPMI-1640 medium (HyClone) supplemented with 5% FBS (HyClone) in 96 well plates. Cells were incubated overnight to allow attachment and drug was added ∼24 hours later as a gradient of concentrations to establish the dose-response curves. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assays were performed 96 hours after drug addition to determine the IC50 of CP-868,596. Results: Lung cancer cell lines were clustered into 2 categories based on their degree of sensitivity to CP-868,596: highly sensitive and resistant. H1703, the only example of a highly sensitive cell line, is reported to have amplification of both PDGFRA (4q12) and PDGFC (4q32) genes on chromosome 4. In H1703, CP-868,596 has an IC50 of ∼80 nM which is about 2 fold lower than the IC50 for sorafenib, a VEGFR/RAF TKI also known to inhibit PDGFR. The remaining cell lines, including the PDGFRA-amplified lines had IC50 values between 2-8 µM. Conclusions: CP-868,596 potently inhibits the growth of the cell line, H1703, suggesting that the drug may have single agent activity in PDGFR-driven NSCLC tumors. We plan to identify biomarkers for sensitivity to CP-868,596 in NSCLC to help enrich patients for a potential clinical trial. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3601. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3601
Partially Observable Minimum-Age Scheduling: The Greedy Policy (2021)

This paper studies the minimum-age scheduling problem in a wireless sensor network where an access point (AP) monitors the state of an object via a set of sensors. The freshness of the sensed state, measured by the age-of-information (AoI), varies at different sensors and is not directly observable to the AP. The AP has to decide which sensor to query/sample in order to get the most updated state information of the object (i.e., the state information with the minimum AoI). In this paper, we formulate the minimum-age scheduling problem as a multi-armed bandit problem with partially observable arms and explore the greedy policy to minimize the expected AoI sampled over an infinite horizon. To analyze the performance of the greedy policy, we 1) put forth a relaxed greedy policy that decouples the sampling processes of the arms, 2) formulate the sampling process of each arm as a partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP), and 3) derive the average sampled AoI under the relaxed greedy policy as a sum of the average AoI sampled from individual arms. Numerical and simulation results validate that the relaxed greedy policy is an excellent approximation to the greedy policy in terms of the expected AoI sampled over an infinite horizon.
Engineering Low Dark Current Density for Ge-on-Si Photodiodes (2021)

We have studied the roles of 425-800C post-growth annealing and ALD surface passivation on the dark current of Geon-Si p-i-n photodiodes. Sidewall passivation via Al <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> deposition at 250C removes all peripheral leakage components. These processes yield a mean value of J <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</inf> = 160nA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> at -1V.
Comment (1979)

SATURDAY MORNING. The morning after the night before. The night before was the 5.30 to 9.00 shift. Time to have a quick perusal of the professional literature to see what our elders and betters have been writing. Time to read Alan Day's ‘Comment’ (NLW October) before the first of the punters arrive in search of information, with the light of science in their eyes.
Preoperative embolization versus no embolization for WHO grade I intracranial meningioma: a retrospective matched cohort study (2020)

After controlling for patient age, tumor size, tumor laterality, tumor location, tumor invasion into a major dural sinus, and tumor encasement of the internal carotid artery or middle cerebral artery, preoperative meningioma embolization intended to decrease tumor vascularity did not improve the surgical outcomes of patients with WHO grade I intracranial meningiomas, but it did lead to a greater chance of clinical improvement compared to patients not treated with embolization.
Comparison of CaO, ZnO and Fe2O3 as H2S adsorbents at high temperatures (1984)

CaO, ZnO and Fe 2O3 oxides were compared as solid adsorbents for H 2 8 removal from hot gas. Increasing the temperature from 600 0 to 600°C increased the H2S removal in the presence of CaO but decreased it in the presence of Fe20 3 . For ZnO, the temperature change had little effect on its adsorption. The bulk adsorption capacity was the largest for Fe 203 followed by CaO and ZnO. When the results were normalized to a unit of surface area, the adsorption capacity for ZnO was the largest followed by Fe203 and CaO. The adsorption of H 2S was accompanied by its decomposition. In the early stages, decomposition was the most extensive in the presence of CaO. With time on stream the difference in H2S decomposition, measured by H2 yields, became smaller.
Exploring Efficient Few-shot Adaptation for Vision Transformers (2023)

The task of Few-shot Learning (FSL) aims to do the inference on novel categories containing only few labeled examples, with the help of knowledge learned from base categories containing abundant labeled training samples. While there are numerous works into FSL task, Vision Transformers (ViTs) have rarely been taken as the backbone to FSL with few trials focusing on naive finetuning of whole backbone or classification layer.} Essentially, despite ViTs have been shown to enjoy comparable or even better performance on other vision tasks, it is still very nontrivial to efficiently finetune the ViTs in real-world FSL scenarios. To this end, we propose a novel efficient Transformer Tuning (eTT) method that facilitates finetuning ViTs in the FSL tasks. The key novelties come from the newly presented Attentive Prefix Tuning (APT) and Domain Residual Adapter (DRA) for the task and backbone tuning, individually. Specifically, in APT, the prefix is projected to new key and value pairs that are attached to each self-attention layer to provide the model with task-specific information. Moreover, we design the DRA in the form of learnable offset vectors to handle the potential domain gaps between base and novel data. To ensure the APT would not deviate from the initial task-specific information much, we further propose a novel prototypical regularization, which maximizes the similarity between the projected distribution of prefix and initial prototypes, regularizing the update procedure. Our method receives outstanding performance on the challenging Meta-Dataset. We conduct extensive experiments to show the efficacy of our model.
RF-design characterization and modelling of tyre pressure sensors (2007)

Tyre pressure monitoring system [TPMS] and appropriate sensor concepts operating in the ISM-band at frequencies of 315 MHz and 434 MHz are discussed moderately in the literature. In contrast, the RF-modelling of the whole tyre guard system consisting of the sensor, rim and tyre has not been discussed yet. In this article, the measurement results as well as the modelling procedure for a tyre guard sensor on its own, sensor on the rim and with the tyre will be presented. The simulations have been made with the software package FEKO based on the method of moments (MOM). (5 pages)
Low-Temperature Growth (400&lt;tex&gt;$^circhboxC$&lt;/tex&gt;) of High-Integrity Thin Silicon–Oxynitride Films by Microwave-Excited High-Density Kr–O&lt;tex&gt;$_2$&lt;/tex&gt;–&lt;tex&gt;$hboxNH_3$&lt;/tex&gt;Plasma (2004)

A drastic reduction of the growth temperature of oxynitride (SiON) films, which are usually grown around 1000/spl deg/C, is realized by using a microwave-excited high-density Kr-O/sub 2/-NH/sub 3/ plasma system, which enables their growth at 400/spl deg/C. It is shown that the addition of only a minute amount of nitrogen (0.5% NH/sub 3/ partial pressure) into a growing SiO/sub 2/ film, in this system, results in a significant improvements in the performance of both thick (7nm) films, which operate in the Fowler-Nordheim tunneling regime, and thin (3 nm) films which operate in the direct tunneling regime.
Strain relaxation properties of InAsyP1−y metamorphic materials grown on InP substrates (2009)

The strain relaxation mechanism and defect properties of compositionally step-graded InAsyP1−y buffers grown by molecular beam epitaxy on InP have been investigated. InAsP layers having lattice misfits ranging from 1% to 1.4% with respect to InP, as well as subsequently grown lattice matched In0.69Ga0.31As overlayers on the metamorphic buffers were explored on both (100) and 2° offcut (100) InP substrates. The metamorphic graded buffers revealed very efficient relaxation coupled with low threading dislocation densities on the order of (1–2)×106 cm−2 for the range of misfit values explored here. A detailed analysis via high resolution x-ray diffraction revealed that the strain relaxed symmetrically, with equivalent numbers of α and β dislocations, and to greater than 90% for all cases, regardless of substrate offcut. Further analysis showed the relaxation to always be glide limited in these materials when grown on a graded buffer compared to a single step layer. The threading dislocation density was observed by plan-view transmission electron microscopy to be constant for the range of misfit values studied here in the top layer of the graded structures, which is attributed to the very efficient use of residual dislocations and the dominance of dislocation glide over nucleation in these graded anion metamorphic buffers, suggesting great promise for metamorphic devices with lattice constants greater than that of InP to be enabled by InAsP metamorphic structures on InP.
Vector Competence of Culex (Melanoconion) Taeniopus for Allopatric and Epizootic Venezuelan Equine Encephalomyelitis Viruses (1987)

The vector competence of Culex (Melanoconion) taeniopus was examined in the laboratory for "enzootic" allopatric and "epizootic" strains of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis viruses of hemagglutination inhibition subtypes I, II, III, and IV. Following bloodmeals from viremic hamsters, and extrinsic incubation of 20-22 days, mosquitoes were allowed to refeed for transmission attempts. Infection rates never exceeded 50% with oral doses of less than 10(4) chick embryo cell culture plaque forming units (CECPFU), and approached 100% only after ingestion of greater than or equal to 10(5.5) PFU. Transmission was achieved for some "epizootic" subtype IABC and "enzootic" subtype ID strains after bloodmeals containing greater than or equal to 10(3.4) CECPFU; subtypes II, III, and IV were never transmitted despite oral doses up to 10(5.0) CECPFU. These data contrast sharply with those reported previously for sympatric "enzootic" subtype IE Middle American Venezuelan encephalitis viruses.
Do model polymer therapeutics sufficiently diffuse through articular cartilage to be a viable therapeutic route? (2017)

The ability of a polymer therapeutic to access the appropriate subcellular location is crucial to its efficacy and is defined to a large part by the many and complex cellular biological and biochemical barriers such that a construct must traverse. It is shown here that model dextrin conjugates are able to pass through a cartilaginous extracellular matrix into chondrocytes, with little perturbation of the matrix structure, indicating that targeting of potential therapeutics through a cartilaginous extracellular matrix should be proven possible. Rapid chondrocytic targeting of drugs which require intra cellularisation for their activity and uniform extracellular concentrations of drugs with an extracellular target, is thus enabled though polymer conjugation.
Rapid prototyping for high-pressure microfluidics (2023)

Soft lithography has permitted rapid prototyping of precise microfluidic features by patterning a deformable elastomer such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with a photolithographically patterned mold. In microfluidics applications where the flexibility of PDMS is a drawback, a variety of more rigid materials have been proposed. Compared to alternatives, devices fabricated from epoxy and glass have superior mechanical performance, feature resolution, and solvent compatibility. Here we provide a detailed step-by-step method for fabricating rigid microfluidic devices from soft lithography patterned epoxy and glass. The bonding protocol was optimized yielding devices that withstand pressures exceeding 500 psi. Using this method, we demonstrate the use of rigid high aspect ratio spiral microchannels for high throughput cell focusing.
UNENHANCED HELICAL COMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPHY FOR THE EVALUATION OF PATIENTS WITH ACUTE FLANK PAIN (1998)

Despite the limitations of helical CT in evaluating renal function and nonobstructing ureteral calculi, noncontrasted CT is a sensitive imaging modality for the detection of urinary tract calculi and obstruction. The majority of our patients required no further imaging to determine the need for urological intervention. At our institution spiral CT has become the standard method to evaluate patients with acute flank pain leading to more rapid turnover in the emergency department at similar or even reduced cost to conventional excretory urography.
Two-Scale Stochastic Control for Multipoint Communication Systems with Renewables (2016)

Increasing threats of global warming and climate changes call for an energy-efficient and sustainable design of future wireless communication systems. To this end, a novel two-scale stochastic control framework is put forth for smart-grid powered coordinated multi-point (CoMP) systems. Taking into account renewable energy sources (RES), dynamic pricing, two-way energy trading facilities and imperfect energy storage devices, the energy management task is formulated as an infinite-horizon optimization problem minimizing the time-average energy transaction cost, subject to the users' quality of service (QoS) requirements. Leveraging the Lyapunov optimization approach as well as the stochastic subgradient method, a two-scale online control (TS-OC) approach is developed for the resultant smart-grid powered CoMP systems. Using only historical data, the proposed TS-OC makes online control decisions at two timescales, and features a provably feasible and asymptotically near-optimal solution. Numerical tests further corroborate the theoretical analysis, and demonstrate the merits of the proposed approach.
Hepatitis B Virus Core Protein Phosphorylation Sites Affect Capsid Stability and Transient Exposure of the C-terminal Domain (2015)

Hepatitis B virus core protein has 183 amino acids divided into an assembly domain and an arginine-rich C-terminal domain (CTD) that regulates essential functions including genome packaging, reverse transcription, and intracellular trafficking. Here, we investigated the CTD in empty hepatitis B virus (HBV) T=4 capsids. We examined wild-type core protein (Cp183-WT) and a mutant core protein (Cp183-EEE), in which three CTD serines are replaced with glutamate to mimic phosphorylated protein. We found that Cp183-WT capsids were less stable than Cp183-EEE capsids. When we tested CTD sensitivity to trypsin, we detected two different populations of CTDs differentiated by their rate of trypsin cleavage. Interestingly, CTDs from Cp183-EEE capsids exhibited a much slower rate of proteolytic cleavage when compared with CTDs of Cp183-WT capsids. Cryo-electron microscopy studies of trypsin-digested capsids show that CTDs at five-fold symmetry vertices are most protected. We hypothesize that electrostatic interactions between glutamates and arginines in Cp183-EEE, particularly at five-fold, increase capsid stability and reduce CTD exposure. Our studies show that quasi-equivalent CTDs exhibit different rates of exposure and thus might perform distinct functions during the hepatitis B virus lifecycle. Our results demonstrate a structural role for CTD phosphorylation and indicate crosstalk between CTDs within a capsid particle.
Message routing latency‐minimizing method in an ASIC design for distributed cooperative communication protocol processing (1998)

In the field of distributed systems, research proceeds on reducing communication overhead by using a ring-type high-speed network to interconnect nodes and to reduce the number of transmissions, and by migrating cooperative functions such as load distribution and fault tolerance from conventional applications to lower-layer communication protocols. To raise the overall performance of such distributed systems, message routing latency at each node must be reduced, and to this end, we have incorporated communication protocol processing in an LSI chip. This LSI uses the received message and system-status data stored on the LSI to perform input-message path control (decide whether to transfer the message to the host or relay it) and to update specific fields in the message to be relayed. In the conventional method, processing of necessary message fields began after they had all been received and placed into a buffer. In this LSI, however, a set of modules are activated in sequence as fields that require various types of processing are received. This scheme is achieved by adopting a data-driven-type distributed control system and implementing all functions through wired logic control. As a result, message updating and relay latency has been minimized to 2.55 μs. The LSI has been achieved by a gate array of about 400 K gates using a 0.35-μm CMOS process. © 1998 Scripta Technica. Syst Comp Jpn, 29(3): 39–58, 1998
Catalytic Addition of Simple Alkenes to Carbonyl Compounds by Use of Group 10 Metals (2009)

Recent advances using nickel complexes in the activation of unactivated monosubstituted olefins for catalytic intermolecular carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions with carbonyl compounds, such as simple aldehydes, isocyanates, and conjugated aldehydes and ketones, are discussed. In these reactions, the olefins function as vinyl- and allylmetal equivalents, providing a new strategy for organic synthesis. Current limitations and the outlook for this new strategy are also discussed.
Recovery from paralysis in adult rats using embryonic stem cells (2006)

We conclude that restoration of functional motor units by embryonic stem cells is possible and represents a potential therapeutic strategy for patients with paralysis. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the anatomical and functional replacement of a motor neuron circuit within the adult mammalian host.