gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
630 PD-L1/CD47 tumor directed B-BodyTM bispecific antibodies demonstrating significant anti-tumor activity with no toxicity in preclinical models (2020)

<h3>Background</h3> Tumor cells have been shown to utilize both innate and adaptive checkpoints to evade anti-tumor immune responses. CD47 and PD-L1 are two targets widely expressed on the cell surface of tumor cells and are predicted to coordinately suppress innate and adaptive sensing respectively to evade immune control. PD-L1 dampens T cell-mediated tumor killing (via PD-L1/PD-1 signaling) while CD47 protects tumor cells from phagocytosis (via CD47/SIRP-alpha signaling). Targeting each of the above pathways with monoclonal antibodies has shown promise with PD-L1/PD-1 inhibition showing durable responses and extended overall survival for several approved products, whereas the molecules targeting CD47 pathway are in early clinical trials. Given that a significant number of patients are either resistant or relapse on PD-L1/PD-1 therapy, combinations with anti-CD47 antibodies are being explored. However, the expression of CD47 on many normal cells such as hematopoietic cells, red blood cells (RBCs) and platelets provides a widespread antigen sink which impacts the PK and adverse event profile of these agents. <h3>Methods</h3> Here, we describe the generation and testing of a large panel of bispecifics with combinations of different affinities to PD-L1 and CD47 using the B-Body™ bispecific screening platform. The bispecific antibodies were screened in various in vitro activity and developability assays. Selected leads from the screen were tested in multiple in vivo models with differential expression of CD47 and PD-L1. <h3>Results</h3> The lead bispecific antibodies showed significant blockade of SIRPa/CD47 and PD-L1/PD-1 signaling in vitro and tumor growth inhibition in vivo. The studies also showed no significant binding to RBCs and induced minimal RBC phagocytosis in vitro. A summary of screened candidates and characterization of a lead candidate being developed further will be presented. <h3>Conclusions</h3> We have identified multiple CD47/PD-L1 bispecific antibodies with favorable efficacy and safety profiles. Selection of a lead for further IND and clinical development is underway.
Effect of abdominal aortic aneurysm screening (2014)

Background: Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a dilatation of the abdominal aortic artery.AAA rupture is a dramatic, lethal emergency condition with a high risk of death, even with treatment.The larger the dilation, the higher is the risk of rupture.Screening programs for AAA are used to identify aneurysms and individuals potentially at a high risk of AAA rupture or AAAs so-called suitable for repair.Those identifi ed as suitable for repair, usually by ultrasound scan, are offered preventive (elective) surgery to reduce their individual risk of rupture.In Norway, the number of operations (urgent and elective) is approximately 800 per year. The European Network for Health Technology Assessment (EUnetHTA) produces collaborative health technology assessments (HTAs) intended to be used by all countries to avoid duplication and waste of resources.The Norwegian Knowledge Centre for the Health Services (NOKC) has taken advantage of the HTA from EUnetHTA on the effect of AAA-screening published January 2013 to produce this systematic review.In terms of clinical effectiveness and safety, main conclusions are: Evidence shows no reduction in overall morta- Effect of abdominal aortic aneurysm screening
P-243 A 6-month experience with a preshaped left ventricular pacing lead (2003)

Left (LV) and biventricular (BiV) pacing resynchronize cardiac contraction and acutely improve pump function. Objective: To investigate if the relation between the degree of asynchrony and cardiac pump function persists after chronic resynchronization. Methods: In 6 canine hearts, dilated and hypertmphied due to 8 weeks of LBBB, LV and BiV pacing was performed with AV-delays from 20.200ms and during BiV pacing with VV-delays from -50 to 50ms. Subsequently, the hearts were chronically BiV paced at pacemaker settings, which resulted in maximal LV pump function. 8 weeks later the entire pacing protocol was repeated. LV systolic function was assessed from LVdPdhmx and interventricular asynchrony (interVA) from the time delay between upslope of the LV and RV pressure curves.
Wire Fixation of the Lower Cervical Spine (1994)

Summary: Posterior wire fixation for cervical fusions can be used for any type of cervical instability, including traumatic, degenerative, infectious, or tumors. Two techniques are described: (a) the Bohlman triple wire technique, to be used with an intact posterior neural arch, and (b) the Robinson Southwick technique, used when the lamina and spinous processes have been removed. With these two techniques virtually any type of posterior cervical arthrodesis can be accomplished using only a drill, 18-or 20-gauge wire, and autogenous bone graft. An excellent fusion rate and low complication rate can be expected.
Directional characterization of the 60 GHz indoor-office channel (2014)

Directional, dual-link, quad-polarized 60GHz channel measurements have been carried out in a small-office environment. Purpose of the measurements is to study the directional properties of the channel in view of future multi-gigabit system adopting beam-forming or macro-diversity solutions. The impact of polarization on the characteristics of the channel is also addressed in the study.
Reactive extrusion of PLA and of PLA/carbon nanotubes nanocomposite: processing, characterization and flame retardancy (2010)

Abstract Aliphatic polyesters such as polylactide (PLA) currently deserve particular attention in the area of environmentally degradable polymer materials. PLA is produced via polymerization of renewable products, namely lactic acid or lactide. In this work, the synthesis of PLA is done by reactive extrusion via ring opening polymerization of L,L ‐lactide using a continuous single‐stage process which is a fast and an easy method. The resulting PLA is fully characterized by solid state NMR. It is shown that it exhibits properties similar to those of PLA synthesized by the traditional methods. A kinetic model based on a phenomenological approach permits one to describe the polymerization of L,L ‐lactide. PLA nanocomposites containing multi‐wall carbon nanotube (MWNT) are also prepared by reactive extrusion. Reaction to fire of PLA nanocomposite shows a slight improvement of the flame retardancy. The nanodispersion characterized by transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) is acceptable but should be improved to obtain the best flame retardancy. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Influence of Volatile Anesthetics on Left Ventricular Afterload In Vivo (1997)

LOWE, DERMOT; HETTRICK, DOUGLAS A.; PAGEL, PAUL S.; WARLTIER, DAVID C. Author Information
Application of housekeeping npcRNAs for quantitative expression analysis of human transcriptome by real-time PCR (2009)

In recent years the improvements in high-throughput gene expression analysis have led to the discovery of numerous non-protein-coding RNA (npcRNA) molecules. They form an abundant class of untranslated RNAs that have shown to play a crucial role in different biochemical pathways in the cell. Reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) is an efficient tool to measure RNA abundance and gene expression levels in tiny amounts of material. Despite its sensitivity, the lack of appropriate internal controls necessary for accurate data analysis is a limiting factor for its application in npcRNA research. Common internal controls applied are protein-coding reference genes, also termed "housekeeping" genes (HKGs). However, their expression levels reportedly vary among tissues and different experimental conditions. Moreover, application of HKGs as reference in npcRNA expression analyses is questionable, due to the differences in biogenesis. To address the issue of optimal RT-qPCR normalizers in npcRNA analysis, we performed a systematic evaluation of 18 npcRNAs along with four common HKGs in 20 different human tissues. To determine the most suitable internal control with least expression variance, four evaluation strategies, geNORM, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and the comparative delta C(q) method, were applied. Our data strongly suggest that five npcRNAs, which we term housekeeping RNAs (HKRs), exhibit significantly better constitutive expression levels in 20 different human tissues than common HKGs. Determined HKRs are ideal candidates for RT-qPCR data normalization in human transcriptome analysis, and might also be used as reference genes irrespective of the nature of the genes under investigation.
Electron beam injection, deflection, and transport in the UNM betatron (2003)

The authors present results from recent experiments on the generation of high-power relativistic electron beams using an upgraded injector and subsequent injection and transport of the beams in the UNM (University of New Mexico) betatron. The experiments described were performed with peak beam energies of about 420 keV. The electron beams were deflected onto the main axis of the accelerating ring using a transverse electrostatic field. The dependence of transported beam current on both the vertical and focusing magnetic field strengths is discussed. The electron beam injector was upgraded to double the original peak voltage. The inclusion of a novel crowbar has resulted in an 80-ns pulse length with injector voltage being constant within 4%. Transport studies have indicated that about 30 A of current is measured after the first curved section of the ring, but that an appreciable number of electrons are lost in propagating around the system. Optimizing the matching of the beam leaving the transport tube with the focusing field of the accelerating ring should allow for improvements in beam transport efficiency.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Enhanced phase-matching for generation of soft X-ray harmonics and attosecond pulses in atomic gases (2007)

<a href="http://oe.osa.org/virtual_issue.cfm?vid=36">Focus Serial: Frontiers of Nonlinear Optics</a> We theoretically investigate the generation of high harmonics and attosecond pulses by mid-infrared (IR) driving fields. Conditions for coherent build-up of high harmonics are revisited. We show that the coherence length dictated by ionization-induced dephasing does not constitute an ultimate limitation to the coherent growth of soft X-ray (> 100 eV) harmonics driven by few-cycle mid-IR driving pulses: perfect phase-matching, similar to non-adiabatic self-phase- matching, can be achieved even without non-linear deformation of the driving pulse. Our trajectory-based analysis of phase-matching reveals several important advantages of using longer laser wavelengths: conversion efficiency can be improved by orders of magnitude, phase-matched build-up of harmonics can be achieved in a jet with a high gas pressure, and isolated attosecond pulses can be extracted from plateau harmonics.
HDMapGen: A Hierarchical Graph Generative Model of High Definition Maps (2021)

High Definition (HD) maps are maps with precise definitions of road lanes with rich semantics of the traffic rules. They are critical for several key stages in an autonomous driving system, including motion forecasting and planning. However, there are only a small amount of real-world road topologies and geometries, which significantly limits our ability to test out the self-driving stack to generalize onto new unseen scenarios. To address this issue, we introduce a new challenging task to generate HD maps. In this work, we explore several autoregressive models using different data representations, including sequence, plain graph, and hierarchical graph. We propose HDMapGen, a hierarchical graph generation model capable of producing high-quality and diverse HD maps through a coarse-to-fine approach. Experiments on the Argoverse dataset and an in-house dataset show that HDMapGen significantly outperforms baseline methods. Additionally, we demonstrate that HDMapGen achieves high scalability and efficiency.
Retinal neurodegeneration may precede microvascular changes characteristic of diabetic retinopathy in diabetes mellitus (2016)

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) has long been recognized as a microvasculopathy, but retinal diabetic neuropathy (RDN), characterized by inner retinal neurodegeneration, also occurs in people with diabetes mellitus (DM). We report that in 45 people with DM and no to minimal DR there was significant, progressive loss of the nerve fiber layer (NFL) (0.25 μm/y) and the ganglion cell (GC)/inner plexiform layer (0.29 μm/y) on optical coherence tomography analysis (OCT) over a 4-y period, independent of glycated hemoglobin, age, and sex. The NFL was significantly thinner (17.3 μm) in the eyes of six donors with DM than in the eyes of six similarly aged control donors (30.4 μm), although retinal capillary density did not differ in the two groups. We confirmed significant, progressive inner retinal thinning in streptozotocin-induced "type 1" and B6.BKS(D)-Lepr(db)/J "type 2" diabetic mouse models on OCT; immunohistochemistry in type 1 mice showed GC loss but no difference in pericyte density or acellular capillaries. The results suggest that RDN may precede the established clinical and morphometric vascular changes caused by DM and represent a paradigm shift in our understanding of ocular diabetic complications.
The versatility of the Bristow absorption tester – a review (2018)

Abstract This paper reviews the use of the Bristow Absorption Tester (known also as the Bristow wheel) in the characterization of fiber-based substrates. The Bristow wheel is a laboratory-scale instrument that has been designed for studying substrate wettability and dynamic liquid absorption properties in short time intervals, which are important in many converting and printing processes of paper and paperboard. The tester also gives information about substrate roughness. The Bristow wheel has shown great usefulness in predicting print quality especially in inkjet applications, in which a good correlation between print quality (letter area) and ink penetration rate has been found by several researchers. The apparatus is particularly useful in dynamic wetting studies, but it has also been successfully used in numerous other research purposes such as the determination of the degree of sizing, evaluation of material glueability, and various coatability studies. Modifications of both the testing principle and the tester structure have also been reported. These include e. g. equipping the apparatus with a corona unit that makes it possible to mimic a printing process on a relevant time-scale. This review summarizes the reported applications of Bristow wheel with a special focus on tester performance and versatility.
Electronic energy transfer in supramolecular species. “Self-poisoning” and “self-educating” systems (1995)

Abstract We examine the possibility to design supramolecular systems where the photoinduced energy flow can be either interrupted or initiated by a self-photosensitized reaction. Systems of the first type are called “self-poisoning”, whereas those of the second type are called “self-educating”. An example of a “self-poisoning” system, are made of Ru(bpy)3 2+- and Os(bpy)3 2+-type units (bpy is 2,2′-bipyridine) linked to the 9,10-positions of an anthracene ring is discussed.
Enhancing the cement quality using polypropylene fiber (2019)

Abstract Durability and long-term integrity of oil well cement are the most important parameters to be considered while designing the cement slurry, especially in the high-pressure and high-temperature (HPHT) environments. In this study, the effect of adding the polypropylene fiber (PPF) to Saudi Class G cement is evaluated under HPHT conditions. The effect of the PPF on the cement compressive and tensile strength, thickening time, density, free water, porosity, and permeability was studied. The effect of the PPF particles on the cement sheath microstructure was studied through powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope. The results obtained showed that PPF did not affect the cement rheology, density, and free water. The addition of PPF considerably decreased the thickening time and improved the tensile and compressive strength of the cement. 0.75% by weight of cement (BWOC) of PPF reduced the thickening time by 75%, from 317 to 78 min. The compressive strength of the cement increased by 17.8% after adding 0.5% BWOC of PPF, while the tensile strength increased by 18% when 0.75% of PPF is used which is attributed to the formation of stable forms of calcium silicate hydrates because of the ability of PPF to accelerate cement hydration process as indicated by the XRD results. The ability of the PPF to decrease the cement thickening time along with its ability to improve the cement strength suggests the use of PPF as an alternative for silica floor in shallow wells where a reduction in thickening time will decrease the wait on cement time. Porosity and permeability of the base cement were also decreased by incorporating PPF because of the pores filling effect of PPF particles as indicated by the microstructure analysis.
Cell-of-Origin Targeted Drug Repurposing for Triple-Negative and Inflammatory Breast Carcinoma with HDAC and HSP90 Inhibitors Combined with Niclosamide (2023)

We recently identified a cell-of-origin-specific mRNA signature associated with metastasis and poor outcome in triple-negative carcinoma (TNBC). This TNBC cell-of-origin signature is associated with the over-expression of histone deacetylases and zinc finger protein HDAC1, HDAC7, and ZNF92, respectively. Based on this signature, we discovered that the combination of three drugs (an HDAC inhibitor, an anti-helminthic Niclosamide, and an antibiotic Tanespimycin that inhibits HSP90) synergistically reduces the proliferation of the twelve tested TNBC cell lines. Additionally, we discovered that four out of five inflammatory breast carcinoma cell lines are sensitive to this combination. Significantly, the concentration of the drugs that are used in these experiments are within or below clinically achievable dose, and the synergistic activity only emerged when all three drugs were combined. Our results suggest that HDAC and HSP90 inhibitors combined with the tapeworm drug Niclosamide can achieve remarkably synergistic inhibition of TNBC and IBC. Since Niclosamide, HDAC, and HSP90 inhibitors were approved for clinical use for other cancer types, it may be possible to repurpose their combination for TNBC and IBC.
Statistical Design for Biospecimen Cohort Size in Proteomics-based Biomarker Discovery and Verification Studies (2013)

Protein biomarkers are needed to deepen our understanding of cancer biology and to improve our ability to diagnose, monitor, and treat cancers. Important analytical and clinical hurdles must be overcome to allow the most promising protein biomarker candidates to advance into clinical validation studies. Although contemporary proteomics technologies support the measurement of large numbers of proteins in individual clinical specimens, sample throughput remains comparatively low. This problem is amplified in typical clinical proteomics research studies, which routinely suffer from a lack of proper experimental design, resulting in analysis of too few biospecimens to achieve adequate statistical power at each stage of a biomarker pipeline. To address this critical shortcoming, a joint workshop was held by the National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), and American Association for Clinical Chemistry (AACC) with participation from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). An important output from the workshop was a statistical framework for the design of biomarker discovery and verification studies. Herein, we describe the use of quantitative clinical judgments to set statistical criteria for clinical relevance and the development of an approach to calculate biospecimen sample size for proteomic studies in discovery and verification stages prior to clinical validation stage. This represents a first step toward building a consensus on quantitative criteria for statistical design of proteomics biomarker discovery and verification research.
Multifrequency superscattering from subwavelength hyperbolic structures (2018)

Superscattering, i.e., a phenomenon of the scattering cross section from a subwavelength object exceeding the single-channel limit, has important prospects in enhanced sensing/spectroscopy, solar cells, and biomedical imaging. Superscattering can be typically constructed only at a single frequency regime, and depends critically on the inescapable material losses. Under such realistic conditions, superscattering has not been predicted nor observed to exist simultaneously at multiple frequency regimes. Here we introduce multifrequency superscattering in a subwavelength hyperbolic structure, which can be made from artificial metamaterials or from naturally-existing materials, such as hexagonal boron nitride (BN), and show the advantage of such hyperbolic materials for reducing structural complexity. The underlying mechanism is revealed to be the multimode resonances at multiple frequency regimes as appear in BN due to the peculiar dispersion of phonon-polaritons. Importantly, the multifrequency superscattering has a high tolerance to material losses and some structural variations, bringing the concept of multifrequency superscattering closer to useful and realistic conditions.
1,a-Methyl-2-(5-substituted pyrrolidin-3-ylthio)carbapenems; 3. Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of BO-2727 and Its Related Compounds. (1997)

The synthesis and biological activity of (1R,5S,6S)-2-[(3S,5S)- 5-substituted pyrrolidin-3-ylthio]- 6-[(R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-1-methyl-1-carbapen-2-em-3-carboxylic acid in which hydroxy-substituted aminoethyl, aminopropyl, and aminobutyl groups were introduced as substituents, are described. These derivatives showed potent antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria including P. aeruginosa. Among them, lenapenem (BO-2727, 7b), carrying an (R)-1-hydroxy-3-(N-methylamino)propyl group, was selected as a development candidate.
Current and future miniature refrigeration cooling technologies for high power microelectronics (2002)

Utilizing refrigeration may provide the only means by which future high-performance electronic chips can be maintained below predicted maximum temperature limits. Widespread application of refrigeration in electronic packaging will remain limited until the refrigerators can be made sufficiently small so that they can be easily incorporated within the packaging. A review of existing microscale and mesoscale refrigeration systems revealed that only thermoelectric coolers (TECs) are now commercially available in small sizes. However, existing TECs are limited by their maximum cooling power and low efficiencies. A simple model was constructed to analyze the performance of both existing and predicted future TECs in an electronic packaging environment. Comparison with the cooling provided by an existing high-performance fan shows that they are most effective for heat loads less than approximately 100 W, but that for higher heat loads, fan air cooling actually yields a lower junction temperature. If the efficiency of future TECs, as characterized by ZT/sub room/, where Z is the figure of merit and T/sub room/ is room temperature, can be increased from the present value of /spl sim/0.8 to 2 or even 3, TEC performance improves dramatically, thus making them competitive for many electronic applications. Finally, one unanticipated result of the model was the realization that the thermal resistance between the refrigerator and the chip is not as critical as the thermal resistance between the refrigerator and the ambient air.