gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tactile data entry for extravehicular activity (2011)

In the task-saturated environment of extravehicular activity (EVA), an astronaut's ability to leverage suit-integrated information systems is limited by a lack of options for data entry. In particular, bulky gloves inhibit the ability to interact with standard computing interfaces such as a mouse or keyboard. This paper presents the results of a preliminary investigation into a system that permits the space suit gloves themselves to be used as data entry devices. Hand motion tracking is combined with simple finger gesture recognition to enable use of a virtual keyboard, while tactile feedback provides touch-based context to the graphical user interface (GUI) and positive confirmation of keystroke events. In human subject trials, conducted with twenty participants using a prototype system, participants entered text significantly faster with tactile feedback than without (p = 0.02). The results support incorporation of vibrotactile information in a future system that will enable full touch typing and general mouse interactions using instrumented EVA gloves.
Letter: combination of biologics in inflammatory bowel diseases. Authors' reply (2020)

LINKED CONTENT This article is linked to Yang et al and Fumery et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15719 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15891 .
Lengthening of maize maturity time is not a widespread climate change adaptation strategy in the US Midwest (2021)

Increasing temperatures in the US Midwest are projected to reduce maize yields because warmer temperatures hasten reproductive development and, as a result, shorten the grain fill period. However, there is widespread expectation that farmers will mitigate projected yield losses by planting longer season hybrids that lengthen the grain fill period. Here, we ask: (a) how current hybrid maturity length relates to thermal availability of the local climate, and (b) if farmers are shifting to longer season hybrids in response to a warming climate. To address these questions, we used county-level Pioneer brand hybrid sales (Corteva Agriscience) across 17 years and 650 counties in 10 Midwest states (IA, IL, IN, MI, MN, MO, ND, OH, SD, and WI). Northern counties were shown to select hybrid maturities with growing degree day (GDD°C) requirements more closely related to the environmentally available GDD compared to central and southern counties. This measure, termed "thermal overlap," ranged from complete 106% in northern counties to a mere 63% in southern counties. The relationship between thermal overlap and latitude was fit using split-line regression and a breakpoint of 42.8°N was identified. Over the 17-years, hybrid maturities shortened across the majority of the Midwest with only a minority of counties lengthening in select northern and southern areas. The annual change in maturity ranged from -5.4 to 4.1 GDD year<sup>-1</sup> with a median of -0.9 GDD year<sup>-1</sup> . The shortening of hybrid maturity contrasts with widespread expectations of hybrid maturity aligning with magnitude of warming. Factors other than thermal availability appear to more strongly impact farmer decision-making such as the benefit of shorter maturity hybrids on grain drying costs, direct delivery to ethanol biorefineries, field operability, labor constraints, and crop genetics availability. Prediction of hybrid choice under future climate scenarios must include climatic factors, physiological-genetic attributes, socio-economic, and operational constraints.
Miniature antenna radiation pattern measurement using fiber-optic link (2010)

In this paper, we present a test-bench which eliminates the coaxial cable perturbations in the miniature antenna radiation pattern characterization. The key component of this test-bench is a low cost, 10 GHz bandwidth optical to RF converter. The test-bench is constituted of a plastic package with a small battery supply. The proposed test-bench is firstly validated then its performances are compared to other existing measurement methods and antenna simulation results.
Neurogenesis in Response to Synthetic Retinoids at Different Temporal Scales (2017)

All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) plays key roles in neurogenesis mediated by retinoic acid receptors (RARs). RARs are important targets for the therapeutic regulation of neurogenesis but effective drug development depends on modelling-based strategies to design high-specificity ligands in combination with good biological assays to discriminate between target-specificity and off-target effects. Using neuronal differentiation as a model, the aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that responses across different temporal scales and assay platforms can be used as comparable measures of retinoid activity. In biological assays based on cell phenotype or behaviour, two structurally similar synthetic retinoids, differing in RAR affinity and specificity, retained their relative activities across different temporal scales. In contrast, assays based on the transcriptional activation of specific genes in their normal genomic context were less concordant with biological assays. Gene-induction assays for retinoid activity as modulators of neurogenesis require careful interpretation in the light of variation in ligand-receptor affinity, receptor expression and gene function. A better characterization of neuronal phenotypes and their regulation by retinoids is badly needed as a framework for understanding how to regulate neuronal development.
A Novel Concept for Air Removal in Two-Phase Immersion Cooling Systems (2021)

Abstract A 10 kW scale model of a decoupled immersion cooling rig is constructed in order to serve as a testbed for immersion cooling, using 3M FC3284 dielectric cooling fluid. A species separator is constructed and demonstrates an ability to remove air from the flowfield before the condensable gases enter the condenser vessel, verified with Schlieren photography. The condenser underperformed significantly compared to initial sizing calculations using the NTU method, and film thickness of FC3284 liquid on the surface of the condenser was determined to be the cause due to low thermal conductivity of the liquid. The average film thickness on the surface of the condenser is calculated. In addition to the performance detriment of the film, air is also shown to reduce the condenser’s performance. The height of a transient stratification line is measured and compared against condenser power. Condenser efficacy losses are large and variable based on the concentration of air in the condenser vessel. A low vs high-mounted boiler is investigated. The mounting of the boiler has an effect on how much vapor is lost during a maintenance event. Finally, a comparison of the test rig’s overall cooling efficiency is made with various air-cooled datacenters by tracking energy consumption to cool a given IT load. This also translates to a reduction in carbon emissions.
Electrowetting-induced drop generation and control in a microfluidic flow-focusing device (2007)

For application in magnetic resonance (MR) guided stereotactic neurosurgery, two methods for transformation of MR-image coordinates in stereotactic, frame-based coordinates exist: the direct stereotactic fiducial-based transformation method and the indirect anatomical landmark method. In contrast to direct stereotactic MR transformation, indirect transformation is based on anatomical landmark coregistration of stereotactic computerized tomography and non-stereotactic MR images. In a patient study, both transformation methods have been investigated with visual inspection and mutual information analysis. Comparison was done for our standard imaging protocol, including t2-weighted spin-echo as well as contrast enhanced t1-weighted gradient-echo imaging. For t2-weighted spin-echo imaging, both methods showed almost similar and satisfying performance with a small, but significant advantage for fiducial-based transformation. In contrast, for t1-weighted gradient-echo imaging with more geometric distortions due to field inhomogenities and gradient nonlinearity than t2-weighted spin-echo imaging, mainly caused by a reduced bandwidth per pixel, anatomical landmark transformation delivered markedly better results. Here, fiducial-based transformation yielded results which are intolerable for stereotactic neurosurgery. Mean Euclidian distances between both transformation methods were 0.96 mm for t2-weighted spin-echo and 1.67 mm for t1-weighted gradient-echo imaging. Maximum deviations were 1.72 mm and 3.06 mm, respectively.
Some peculiarities of joint angular-spectral selectivity function of reflection holograms (1996)

Selective properties of 3D holograms have been the subject of investigation since early beginning of holography. It is mainly through the understanding of the information capacity of volume holograms and possibility to create high density storage systems [1-3]. No less of importance this feature of 3D holograms has for holographic displays, where the viewing zone of the image observation should be relatively wide [4].
LapED® 4-In-1 Silicone Training Aid for Practicing Laparoscopic Skills and Tasks: A Preliminary Evaluation (2008)

We present a versatile model for practicing laparoscopic and robotic suturing and knot-tying skills in four reconstructive urologic procedures. Our results support the face and content validity of this model for performing pyeloplasty and vesicourethral anastomoses.
Aberration control in 4Pi nanoscopy: definitions, properties, and applications(Conference Presentation) (2016)

The development of fluorescence microscopy, which allows live-cell imaging with high labeling specificity, has made the visualization of cellular architecture routine. However, for centuries, the spatial resolution of optical microscopy was fundamentally limited by diffraction. The past two decades have seen a revolution in far-field optical nanoscopy (or “super-resolution” microscopy). The best 3D resolution is achieved by optical nanoscopes like the isoSTED or the iPALM/4Pi-SMS, which utilize two opposing objective lenses in a coherent manner. These system are, however, also more complex and the required interference conditions demand precise aberration control. Our research involves developing novel adaptive optics techniques that enable high spatial and temporal resolution imaging for biological applications. In this talk, we will discuss how adaptive optics can enhance dual-objective lens nanoscopes. We will demonstrate how adaptive optics devices provide unprecedented freedom to manipulate the light field in isoSTED nanoscopy, allow to realize automatic beam alignment, suppress the inherent side-lobes of the point-spread function, and dynamically compensate for sample-induced aberrations. We will present both the theoretical groundwork and the experimental confirmations.
Supplementary Figures 6-13 from p53 Regulates the Ras Circuit to Inhibit the Expression of a Cancer-Related Gene Signature by Various Molecular Pathways (2023)

Supplementary Figures 6-13 from p53 Regulates the Ras Circuit to Inhibit the Expression of a Cancer-Related Gene Signature by Various Molecular Pathways
Learning from Riders (2017)

The new approach takes a consumer perspective in which the goal is to address the riders' needs effectively rather than just improve a system's level of compliance with design standards and rules. The variability presents a difficult problem in evaluation, but new ideas and technologies offer some promising solutions. Some methods for capturing knowledge from riders include guided tours, real-time reporting, online surveys, and diaries. A multi-method approach to evaluation is warranted since each method used alone will always have limitations. In the &quot;Real Time Reporting&quot; method, transit riders reported on problems they identified as they used the system on a regular basis. To accomplish real-time reporting, people developed a new smartphone application, Tiramisu. The daily use element focused on real-time bus arrival and available seats. The Guided Tours and Real Time Reporting provide two means to incrementally improve the accessibility of existing transit systems by engaging riders in &quot;co-design&quot;.
Online Deuterium Hydrogen Exchange and Protein Digestion Coupled with Ion Mobility Spectrometry and Tandem Mass Spectrometry (2015)

Online deuterium hydrogen exchange (DHX) and pepsin digestion (PD) is demonstrated using drift tube ion mobility spectrometry (DTIMS) coupled with linear ion trap (LTQ) mass spectrometry (MS) with electron transfer dissociation (ETD) capabilities. DHX of deuterated ubiquitin, followed by subsequent quenching and digestion, is performed within ∼60 s, yielding 100% peptide sequence coverage. The high reproducibility of the IMS separation allows spectral feature matching between two-dimensional IMS-MS datasets (undeuterated and deuterated) without the need for dataset alignment. Extracted ion drift time distributions (XIDTDs) of deuterated peptic peptides are mobility-matched to corresponding XIDTDs of undeuterated peptic peptides that were identified using collision-induced dissociation (CID). Matching XIDTDs allows a straightforward identification and deuterium retention evaluation for labeled peptides. Aside from the mobility separation, the ion trapping capabilities of the LTQ, combined with ETD, are demonstrated to provide single-residue resolution. Deuterium retention for the c- series ions across residues M(1)-L(15) and N(25)-R(42) are in good agreement with the known secondary structural elements within ubiquitin.
In vivo selection for metastasis promoting genes in the mouse (2007)

Here, we report the identification of a metastasis promoting factor by a forward genetic screen in mice. A retroviral cDNA library was introduced into the nonmetastatic cancer cell line 168FARN, which was then orthotopically transplanted into mouse mammary fat pads, followed by selection for cells that metastasize to the lung. The genes encoding the disulfide isomerase ERp5 and beta-catenin were found to promote breast cancer invasion and metastasis. Disulfide isomerases (thiol isomerases), which catalyze disulfide bond formation, reduction, and isomerization, have not previously been implicated in cancer cell signaling and tumor metastasis. Overexpression of ERp5 promotes both in vitro migration and invasion and in vivo metastasis of breast cancer cells. These effects were shown to involve activation of ErbB2 and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathways through dimerization of ErbB2. Activation of ErbB2 and PI3K subsequently stimulates RhoA and beta-catenin, which mediate the migration and invasion of tumor cells. Inhibition of ErbB2 and PI3K reverses the phenotypes induced by ERp5. Finally, ERp5 was shown to be up-regulated in human surgical samples of invasive breast cancers. These data identify a link between disulfide isomerases and tumor development, and provide a mechanism that modulates ErbB2 and PI3K signaling in the promotion of cancer progression.
Abstract A2-11: PLZF, a tumor suppressor genetically lost in metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer, is a mediator of resistance to androgen deprivation therapy (2015)

Abstract Whole exome sequencing of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) reveal that 5~7% of tumors harbor promyelocytic zinc finger protein (PLZF) homozygous deletions. PLZF is a canonical androgen-regulated tumor suppressor gene whose expression is inhibited by androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Here, we demonstrate that knockdown of PLZF expression promotes a CRPC and enzalutamide resistant phenotype in prostate cancer cells. Reintroduction of PLZF expression is sufficient to reverse androgen-independent growth mediated by PLZF depletion. PLZF loss enhances CRPC tumor growth in a xenograft model. Bioinformatic analysis of the PLZF cistrome shows that PLZF negatively regulates multiple pathways including the MAPK pathway. Accordingly, our data support an oncogenic program activated by ADT and this acquired mechanism together with the finding of genetic loss in CRPC implicate PLZF inactivation as a mechanism promoting ADT resistance and the CRPC phenotype. Citation Format: Chen-Lin Hsieh, Ginevra Botta, Shuai Gao, Tiantian Li, Eliezer M. Van Allen, Daniel J. Treacy, Changmeng Cai, Housheng Hansen He, Christopher J. Sweeney, Myles Brown, Steven P. Balk, Peter S. Nelson, Levi A. Garraway, Philip W. Kantoff. PLZF, a tumor suppressor genetically lost in metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer, is a mediator of resistance to androgen deprivation therapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Translation of the Cancer Genome; Feb 7-9, 2015; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(22 Suppl 1):Abstract nr A2-11.
Self-Synchronous Coherent Beam Combination (2006)

A completely novel concept for coherent beam combination is presented. The technique completely eliminates the need for a reference beam resulting in a dramatic simplification of electronic coherent beam combination without any compromise in performance
NMR Studies of DOXP Reductoisomerase and its Inhibitor Complex (2011)

1-Deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate (DOXP) reductoisomerase (EC1.1.1.267) catalyses the second step of the 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis. The enzyme is used by most bacteria, apicomplexan parasites and the plastids of plants, but not by humans, and therefore represents an attractive target for antibacterial, antiparasitic and herbicidal compounds. Fosmidomycin, an inhibitor of DXR, has been found to be active against bacterial infections and malaria in early clinical studies. Here, we report sample optimisation, partial backbone assignment and secondary-structure prediction of E. coli DXR by heteronuclear NMR analysis for further NMR-aided drug discovery. Perdeuterated (15)N,(13)C-labelled samples were prepared under oxygen exclusion in the presence of Mg(2+), NADPH and the inhibitor FR-900098, a close derivative of fosmidomycin. (1)H and (15)N backbone assignment was achieved for 44 % of the primary structure, and (13)C backbone assignment was achieved for 50 % of the primary structure. Comparison with previously solved crystal structures revealed that the assigned fragments were located mainly in helical regions on the solvent-exposed surface of the enzyme. Torsion angle likelihood obtained from shift and sequence similarity (TALOS) was used for secondary structure prediction, resulting in agreement with eight available crystal structures; deviations could be observed for the catalytic loop region.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of N‐1‐Oxypyrimidine 1,3‐Dioxolane and 1,3‐Oxathiolane Nucleosides. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Heat Treatments to Improve the Rolling-Contact Fatigue Life for Crank Pin of Motorcycles (2003)

The present work was intended to increase the rolling-contact fatigue life of the crank pin for a motorcycle. The small motorcycle uses a needle roller bearing at the big end of the connecting rod. The needle roller exerts high Hertzian stress on the crank pin. This stress sometimes causes rolling-contact fatigue failure such as pitting. The contaminated oil accelerates the rolling-contact fatigue failure. In order to increase the life of the crank pin, not only the quality of the steel but also the casehardening treatment plays an important role. In the present work, a high quality Cr-Mo steel containing oxygen concentration below 10 ppm was chosen as the base steel. The rolling-contact fatigue life was compared in four types of casehardening: normal carburizing, carbonitriding, super-carburizing and super-carbonitriding. A thrust-type testing machine was used during these comparison tests. The oil containing a spherical powder of high-speed steel was used to simulate the contaminated oil. The life of super-carbonitriding was the longest and was 1.6 times longer than that of normal carburizing. The long life of super-carbonitriding is thought to be due to the increased resistance to temper softening. The established super-carbonitriding is currently being used in the mass-production of motocross-motorcycle YZ450F.
Ketones: α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Intracellular pH of perfused single frog skin: combined 19F- and 31P-NMR analysis (1984)

Intracellular pH (pHc) has been determined in frog skin by applying two different methods of pH measurement, 19F and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis, to the same tissues. Results from both NMR approaches confirm an observation by Lin, Shporer, and Civan [Am. J. Physiol. 248 (Cell Physiol. 17): 1985] that acidification of the extracellular medium reverses the sign of the pH gradient present under baseline conditions. The fluorinated probe, alpha-(difluoromethyl)-alanine methyl ester, was introduced into the epithelial cells by preincubating skins for 4.7-10.4 h at room temperature in Ringer solutions containing 1 mM ester. The free amino acid was subsequently released by intracellular esterase activity, thus providing a high enough probe concentration for NMR analysis to be practicable. From measurements of short-circuit current and transepithelial resistance under base-line and experimental conditions and the appearance of phosphocreatine (PCr) in the 31P spectrum of preloaded tissues, the fluorinated probe appears to be nontoxic to frog skin. Measurement of the chemical shift of methylphosphonate relative to PCr permitted calculation of extracellular pH. Estimation of the intracellular pH was performed both by measurement of the chemical shift of inorganic phosphate (Pi) relative to PCr and by measurement of the central peak spacing of the 19F spectrum. From four direct comparisons of the two techniques in two experiments, the difference in the estimated pH was only 0.03 +/- 0.07 pH units, supporting the concept that 31P-NMR analysis is a valid method of measuring pH in this tissue.
Maximizing Minimum Throughput Guarantees: The Small Violation Probability Region (2013)

Providing minimum throughput guarantees is one of the goals for radio resource allocation schemes. It is difficult to provide these guarantees without defining violation probability due to limited power budget and rapidly changing conditions of the wireless channel. For every practical scheduling scheme, there is a feasibility region defined by the minimum guaranteed throughput and the corresponding probability that the users fail to get the guaranteed throughput (violation probability). In this work, we focus on minimizing the violation probability specifically in the small probability region. We compare our results with major schedulers available in literature and show that our scheme outperforms them in the small violation probability region.