gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
First Estimates of Nonuniform Electrolyte on Seawater Corrosion Parameters (2008)

All metals corrode with exposure to electrolytes. This is a fact of life experienced by owners of marine platforms and structures throughout the world. Computational modeling methodologies have been applied to evaluate and design corrosion prevention systems. All computational work to date makes similar assumptions of a uniform electrolyte. This is a valid assumption for structures in large volumes of constantly refreshing electrolyte in which the constitutive characteristics of the electrolyte can be approximated by a uniform mixture. There is experimental evidence that this assumption is not valid for smaller volumes. The need for a more general solution which is valid in these smaller enclosed spaces is being driven by future designs that place corrosion prevention systems in these areas. The sensitivity of solutions on variations in electrolyte conductivity is unknown. In this work preliminary results are presented that demonstrate the need to take into account the spatial variation in electrolyte characteristics for small enclosed volumes of electrolyte. Two geometries (a gap between plates and a two material concentric cylinder corrosion cell) are used to demonstrate the differences between uniform and spatial varying electrolyte. Future work is outlined which will take into account more physical parameters related to electrochemical corrosion.
In Vitro Characterization of Variable Porosity Wound Dressing With Anti-Scar Properties. (2018)

<b>Introduction:</b> New options are needed to improve wound healing while preventing excessive scar formation. Temporary primary dressings are important options in topical wound management that allow the natural healing process. <b>Methods:</b> We evaluated a novel primary dressing consisting of a biosynthetic, variable porosity, matrix-containing gelatin and Aloe Vera extract and a derivative dressing coated with the anti-scarring agent salinomycin for their ability to promote cell growth, reduce myofibroblast formation, and regulate cytokine production. In addition, salinomycin-coated primary dressings were tested for antimicrobial activity. <b>Results:</b> Both primary wound dressings permitted cell growth and attenuated TGFβ-induced scar-forming myofibroblast formation. The primary wound dressings also reduced IL-6 production by 50%, IL-8 by 20%, MCP-1 by 75%, and GRO by 60% in human mesenchymal stem cells treated with TGFβ. Salinomycin coating of the dressing showed antimicrobial activity by preventing <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> growth. <b>Conclusions:</b> Both primary wound dressings support the growth of human fibroblasts and stem cells, as well as reduce inflammatory cytokine production, demonstrating their potential to serve as temporary wound dressings.
Probing the Interactions of Nanoparticles with Biological Systems (2009)

Nanoparticles have many applications in biomedical imaging, clinical diagnostics and therapeutics. Strategies that can reproducibly prepare colloidal nanoparticles of a wide range of geometries with a tight size distribution have been achieved and unique size and shape dependent optical, magnetic, electrical, and biological properties have been discovered. In spite of what has been achieved so far, a complete understanding of the interactions of cells with nanoparticles at the molecular level is lacking. This has led to the inability to rationally design nanoparticles for biomedical applications or has led to the inability to establish a definitive conclusion on the toxicity of nanomaterials. This presentation will focus on recent findings of the size and shape dependent interactions of nanoparticles with receptors on the cell surface. Specifically, data pertaining to the effect of antibody‐coated gold and silver nanoparticle size on regulating membrane receptor internalization and their subsequent signaling will be discussed. The findings presented here may assist in the design of nanoscale delivery and therapeutic systems and provide insights into nanotoxicity.
Selection of Human Antibody Fragments which Bind Novel Breast Tumor Antigens. (1995)

Abstract : A major goal of cancer research has been to identify tumor antigens which are qualitatively or quantitatively different from normal cells. The presence of such antigens could be detected by monoclonal antibodies that would form the basis of diagnostic tests and therapeutic agents. For this project, we developed novel technology, antibody phage display, to produce a new generation of tumor specific antibodies. We produced a library of human antibodies from which we can isolate panels of monoclonal antibodies to any purified antigen within 2 weeks. Methodologies have been developed to increase antibody affinity to values not previously achievable. Finally, we have developed methodologies which permit direct selection of libraries on tumor cells for the purpose of generating antibodies with desirable functional properties, such as endocytosis and growth inhibition. A panel of antibodies have been isolated which are breast tumor cell specific and a method has been developed where the antibody can be used to identify the receptor bound. We have applied these technologies to produce several human antibodies that bind the ErbB2 receptor overexpressed in one third of breast cancers. With collaborators at UCSF, we have used these antibodies to target doxorubicin containing liposomes, which can cure tumors in mice. The National Cancer Institute Decision Network is supporting further pre-clinical development for anticipated clinical trials for breast cancer.
A Novel Multichannel Streaming Scheme to Reduce Channel Switching Delay in ApplicationLayer Multicast (2011)

Video streaming services over the Internet are growing rapidly owing to the broadbandization of various networks. However, in such systems where a large number of users simultaneously access the same contents server, the convergence of the network traffic and service requests presents a significant problem. From this point of view, application layer multicast (ALM) has recently attracted much attention due to its scalability and feasibility in the current network systems. In ALM, user nodes construct a multicast tree structure to efficiently deliver an identical video streaming content. Various techniques to construct ALM trees have been designed to achieve improved performance in terms of shorter delay and higher reliability. However, in most of the existing ALM schemes, the performance in channel switching events has not been studied sufficiently; channel switching can be considered as the combination of the procedures for departing from the current and joining the future ALM trees, respectively. In general, node joining and departure processes take a certain time, which can be increased significantly depending on the network conditions whereby users are left waiting for the start of a new program on the switched channel. Therefore, reducing the channel switching delay is a significant issue in multichannel video streaming in ALM. In this paper, we propose a multichannel streaming scheme to reduce channel switching delay in ALM. Our scheme is based on an advanced ALM method dubbed network-aware hierarchical arrangement graph, which constructs node-disjoint multicast trees by utilizing the arrangement graph theory to achieve high robustness on node departures. The performance of the proposed scheme is verified through extensive computer simulations, which demonstrate that our proposed scheme succeeds in reducing the delay in channel switching without system throughput degradation.
Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors as Therapeutic Interventions on Cervical Cancer Induced by Human Papillomavirus (2021)

The role of epigenetic modifications on the carcinogenesis process has received a lot of attention in the last years. Among those, histone acetylation is a process regulated by histone deacetylases (HDAC) and histone acetyltransferases (HAT), and it plays an important role in epigenetic regulation, allowing the control of the gene expression. HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) induce cancer cell cycle arrest, differentiation, and cell death and reduce angiogenesis and other cellular events. Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are small, non-enveloped double-stranded DNA viruses. They are major human carcinogens, being intricately linked to the development of cancer in 4.5% of the patients diagnosed with cancer worldwide. Long-term infection of high-risk (HR) HPV types, mainly HPV16 and HPV18, is one of the major risk factors responsible for promoting cervical cancer development. <i>In vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> assays have demonstrated that HDACi could be a promising therapy to HPV-related cervical cancer. Regardless of some controversial studies, the therapy with HDACi could target several cellular targets which HR-HPV oncoproteins could be able to deregulate. This review article describes the role of HDACi as a possible intervention in cervical cancer treatment induced by HPV, highlighting the main advances reached in the last years and providing insights for further investigations regarding those agents against cervical cancer.
Mechanics of hydrogenated amorphous carbon deposits from electron-beam-induced deposition of a paraffin precursor (2005)

Many experiments on the mechanics of nanostructures require the creation of rigid clamps at specific locations. In this work, electron-beam-induced deposition (EBID) has been used to deposit carbon films that are similar to those that have recently been used for clamping nanostructures. The film deposition rate was accelerated by placing a paraffin source of hydrocarbon near the area where the EBID deposits were made. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy, electron-energy-loss spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, secondary-ion-mass spectrometry, and nanoindentation were used to characterize the chemical composition and the mechanics of the carbonaceous deposits. The typical EBID deposit was found to be hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H) having more sp2- than sp3-bonded carbon. Nanoindentation tests revealed a hardness of ∼4GPa and an elastic modulus of 30–60GPa, depending on the accelerating voltage. This reflects a relatively soft film, which is built out of precursor molecular ions impacting the growing surface layer with low energies. The use of such deposits as clamps for tensile tests of poly(acrylonitrile)-based carbon nanofibers loaded between opposing atomic force microscope cantilevers is presented as an example application
Serum Matrix Metalloproteinase-7, Respiratory Symptoms, and Mortality in Community-Dwelling Adults. MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) (2017)

Serum MMP-7 levels may be a quantitative biomarker of subclinical extracellular matrix remodeling in the lungs of community-dwelling adults, which may facilitate investigation of subclinical interstitial lung disease.
Capturing Suprasegmental Features of a Voice with RNNs for Improved Speaker Clustering (2018)

Deep neural networks have become a veritable alternative to classic speaker recognition and clustering methods in recent years. However, while the speech signal clearly is a time series, and despite the body of literature on the benefits of prosodic (suprasegmental) features, identifying voices has usually not been approached with sequence learning methods. Only recently has a recurrent neural network (RNN) been successfully applied to this task, while the use of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) (that are not able to capture arbitrary time dependencies, unlike RNNs) still prevails. In this paper, we show the effectiveness of RNNs for speaker recognition by improving state of the art speaker clustering performance and robustness on the classic TIMIT benchmark. We provide arguments why RNNs are superior by experimentally showing a “sweet spot” of the segment length for successfully capturing prosodic information that has been theoretically predicted in previous work.
Supplementary figures from Transcriptionally Active Androgen Receptor Splice Variants Promote Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression (2023)

&lt;p&gt;This file contains supplementary figures 1-8.&lt;/p&gt;
A new experimental method to prevent paraffin - wax formation on the crude oil wells: A field case study in Libya (2014)

Wax formation and deposition is one of the most common problems in oil producing wells. This problem occurs as a result of the reduction of the produced fluid temperature below the wax appearance temperature (range between 46?C and 50?C) and the pour point temperature (range between 42?C and 44?C). In this study, two new methods for preventing wax formation were implemented on three oil wells in Libya, where the surface temperature is, normally, 29?C. In the first method, the gas was injected at a pressure of 83.3 bar and a temperature of 65?C (greater than the pour point temperature) during the gas-lift operation. In the second method, wax inhibitors (Trichloroethylene-xylene (TEX), Ethylene copolymers, and Comb polymers) were injected down the casings together with the gas. Field observations confirmed that by applying these techniques, the production string was kept clean and no wax was formed. The obtained results show that the wax formation could be prevented by both methods.
Genome-Wide Screen for Metabolic Syndrome Susceptibility Loci Reveals Strong Lipid Gene Contribution But No Evidence for Common Genetic Basis for Clustering of Metabolic Syndrome Traits (2012)

Our findings suggest that genes from lipid metabolism pathways have the key role in the genetic background of MetS. We found little evidence for pleiotropy linking dyslipidemia and obesity to the other MetS component traits, such as hypertension and glucose intolerance.
Molecular Clusters of Binary and Ternary Mercury Chalcogenides:  Colloidal Synthesis, Characterization, and Optical Spectra (2003)

A series of binary (HgSe) and ternary (HgSe1-xSx) mercury chalcogenide clusters are synthesized utilizing a colloidal technique involving the phase separation of metal and chalcogen precursors in the presence of strong Hg(II) coordinating ligands. The clusters vary in size between 2 and 3 nm and possess the cubic zinc blende structure of the bulk. Energy-dispersive X-ray measurements show that the composition of the ternary material can be varied throughout the entire composition range from HgS to HgSe. In all cases, the linear absorption of these binary and ternary species is narrow with well-resolved transitions at both the band edge and at higher energies. Complementary band edge emission is also observed with no apparent deep trap emission. Size- and composition (x)-dependent optical properties of these clusters are investigated using photoluminescence (PL) and photoluminescence excitation (PLE) spectra. In the case of HgSe clusters, the size-dependent behavior of up to four excited states is followed. For HgSe1-xSx clusters, where x varies from 0 to 1, a size/composition-dependent progression of up to five excited states is observed.
CDMA receiver structures for overlay systems employing transmitter filtering (2002)

In order to take advantage of the unused bandwidth available in sparsely populated narrowband systems, the concept of code-division multiple-access (CDMA) overlay has been examined (Milstein et al., 1992). It was shown in Rainbolt and Miller (1997) that even a CDMA system that is lightly loaded can cause significant degradation to the performance of the narrowband system, perhaps precluding the possibility of overlay. However, by notching the CDMA signal in those frequencies at which a narrowband user is operating, the effect of the CDMA interference on the performance of a narrowband user was shown to be greatly alleviated. This paper examines the effects of notch filtering on the performance of the CDMA system in an overlay scenario, and it is shown that the minimum mean-squared error (MMSE) receiver (Miller 1995; Rapajic and Vucetic 1994; Madhow and Honig 1994; Pateros and Saulnier 1996) can be used successfully, and offers a substantial improvement over the conventional matched-filter receiver. The results of this paper, along with those of Rainbolt and Miller, give strong support to both the feasibility and usefulness of CDMA overlay.
Supplementary Figure 6 from A687V EZH2 Is a Driver of Histone H3 Lysine 27 (H3K27) Hypertrimethylation (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 6: Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) for SUP-B8 cells treated with GSK126&lt;/p&gt;
Optical activity of catalytic elements of hetero-metallic nanostructures (2015)

Interaction of light with metals in the form of surface plasmons is used in a wide range of applications in which the scattering decay channel is important. The absorption channel is usually thought of as unwanted and detrimental to the efficiency of the device. This is true in many applications, however, recent studies have shown that maximization of the decay channel of surface plasmons has potentially significant uses. One of these is the creation of electron-hole pairs or hot electrons which can be used for e.g. catalysis. Here, we study the optical properties of hetero-metallic nanostructures that enhance light interaction with the catalytic elements of the nanostructures. A hybridized LSPR that matches the spectral characteristic of the light source is excited. This LSPR through coupling between the plasmonic elements maximizes light absorption in the catalytic part of the nanostructure. Numerically calculated visible light absorption in the catalytic nanoparticles is enhanced 12-fold for large catalytic disks and by more 30 for small nanoparticles on the order of 5 nm. In experiments we measure a sizable increase in the absorption cross section when small palladium nanoparticles are coupled to a large silver resonator. These observations suggest that heterometallic nanostructures can enhance catalytic reaction rates.
Nuclear Transport: Target for Therapy (2007)

Drugs directed at plasma membrane receptors target environment-cell interactions and are the mainstay of clinical pharmacology. Decoding mechanisms that govern intracellular signaling has recently opened new therapeutic avenues for interventions at cytosol-organellar interfaces. The nuclear envelope and nuclear transport machinery have emerged central in the discovery and development of experimental therapeutics capable of modulating cellular genetic programs. Insight into nucleocytoplasmic exchange has unmasked promising anticancer, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory strategies.
CpG-DNA aided cross-presentation of soluble antigens by dendritic cells (2002)

For cross-presentation immature dendritic cells (DC) require enhanced antigen (Ag) uptake and a maturation signal to prime for MHC class I-restricted CTL responses in vivo. While immunostimulatory CpG-DNA provides, via TLR9, the maturation signal, CpG-DNA linked to Ag augments cellular Ag uptake. In this study we show that CpG-DNA ovalbumin (OVA) conjugates trigger in vivo peptide-specific CTL responses at tenfold lower Ag doses compared to a mixture of CpG-DNA plus OVA. We provide evidence that CpG-DNA-OVA conjugates shift OVA uptake by immature DC from the presumably inefficient fluid phase pinocytosis to efficient DNA receptor-mediated endocytosis. Since the DNA-binding receptor mediating endocytosis lacks any sequence specificity, cellular uptake of OVA conjugated with either stimulatory or non-stimulatory oligonucleotides (ODN) is equally enhanced. As a consequence cross-linking of OVA with either stimulatory or non-stimulatory DNA yields, via enhanced OVA uptake, efficient generation and presentation of the dominant OVA-CTL epitope SIINFEKL. However, only stimulatory CpG-ODN cross-linked to OVA provide the DC maturation signal required to trigger robust primary CTL responses towards the cross-presented MHC class I complexed T cell epitope SIINFEKL. Our studies show that stimulatory CpG-ODN linked to Ag fulfill a dual role: enhancement of Ag uptake yielding efficient Ag cross-presentation by DC and in addition, their activation into professional DC.
Interconnect Design and Thermal Stress/Strain Analysis of Flip Chip Packaging (2006)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Itch suppression in mice and dogs by modulation of spinal α2 and α3GABAA receptors (2018)

Chronic itch is a highly debilitating condition affecting about 10% of the general population. The relay of itch signals is under tight control by inhibitory circuits of the spinal dorsal horn, which may offer a hitherto unexploited therapeutic opportunity. Here, we found that specific pharmacological targeting of inhibitory α2 and α3GABA<sub>A</sub> receptors reduces acute histaminergic and non-histaminergic itch in mice. Systemic treatment with an α2/α3GABA<sub>A</sub> receptor selective modulator alleviates also chronic itch in a mouse model of atopic dermatitis and in dogs sensitized to house dust mites, without inducing sedation, motor dysfunction, or loss of antipruritic activity after prolonged treatment. Transsynaptic circuit tracing, immunofluorescence, and electrophysiological experiments identify spinal α2 and α3GABA<sub>A</sub> receptors as likely molecular targets underlying the antipruritic effect. Our results indicate that drugs targeting α2 and α3GABA<sub>A</sub> receptors are well-suited to alleviate itch, including non-histaminergic chronic itch for which currently no approved treatment exists.
Differential CYP 2D6 Metabolism Alters Primaquine Pharmacokinetics (2015)

Primaquine (PQ) metabolism by the cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D family of enzymes is required for antimalarial activity in both humans (2D6) and mice (2D). Human CYP 2D6 is highly polymorphic, and decreased CYP 2D6 enzyme activity has been linked to decreased PQ antimalarial activity. Despite the importance of CYP 2D metabolism in PQ efficacy, the exact role that these enzymes play in PQ metabolism and pharmacokinetics has not been extensively studied in vivo. In this study, a series of PQ pharmacokinetic experiments were conducted in mice with differential CYP 2D metabolism characteristics, including wild-type (WT), CYP 2D knockout (KO), and humanized CYP 2D6 (KO/knock-in [KO/KI]) mice. Plasma and liver pharmacokinetic profiles from a single PQ dose (20 mg/kg of body weight) differed significantly among the strains for PQ and carboxy-PQ. Additionally, due to the suspected role of phenolic metabolites in PQ efficacy, these were probed using reference standards. Levels of phenolic metabolites were highest in mice capable of metabolizing CYP 2D6 substrates (WT and KO/KI 2D6 mice). PQ phenolic metabolites were present in different quantities in the two strains, illustrating species-specific differences in PQ metabolism between the human and mouse enzymes. Taking the data together, this report furthers understanding of PQ pharmacokinetics in the context of differential CYP 2D metabolism and has important implications for PQ administration in humans with different levels of CYP 2D6 enzyme activity.
Matching pursuit algorithm for Gaussian beam decomposition (2005)

In this paper we have presented the MP algorithm as an alternative method for Gaussian beam decomposition. The results of the numerical example indicate that this type of WFT frame expansion produces a substantial improvement in the quality of the reconstructed field in terms of both the number of expansion coefficients and the relative error. However one major drawback of the MP algorithm is its computational complexity. Compared to the dual frame, the MP algorithm always appears to be time consuming.