gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Imatinib Mesylate-Incorporated Nanoparticle-Eluting Stent Attenuates In-Stent Neointimal Formation in Porcine Coronary Arteries (2011)

These data suggest that suppression of neointima formation by a imatinib-NP-eluting stent holds promise as a molecular-targeting NP delivery system for preventing in-stent restenosis.
Numerical studies of second- and fourth-order correlation functions in cluster-cluster aggregates in application to optical scattering (1997)

Two- and four-point density correlation functions ${\mathrm{p}}_{2}$(r) and ${\mathrm{p}}_{4}$(r) are studied numerically and theoretically in computer-generated three-dimensional lattice cluster-cluster aggregates (CCA) with the number of particles N up to 20 000 in application to the light scattering problem. The ``pure'' aggregation algorithm is used, where subclusters of all possible sizes are allowed to collide. We find that large CCA clusters demonstrate pronounced multiscaling. In particular, the fractal dimension determined from the slope of ${\mathrm{p}}_{2}$(r) at small distances differs from that found from the dependence of the radius of gyration on the number of monomers (according to our data, 1.80 and 1.94, respectively). We also consider different functional forms for ${\mathrm{p}}_{2}$ and their general properties and applicability. We find that the best fit to the numerical data is provided by the generalized exponential cutoff function with coefficients depending on N. The latter dependence is a manifestation of multiscaling. We propose some theoretical approaches for calculating ${\mathrm{p}}_{4}$(r), assuming ${\mathrm{p}}_{2}$(r) is known. In particular, we find the small-r asymptote for the ${\mathrm{p}}_{4}$(r) and verify it numerically. In addition, we find that ${\mathrm{p}}_{4}$(r) cannot be represented by a scaling dependence with a cutoff function, like ${\mathrm{p}}_{2}$(r). Instead, ${\mathrm{p}}_{4}$(r) is given by an expansion in terms of integer powers of ${\mathrm{r}}^{2\mathrm{D}\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}3}$, where D is the fractal dimension (\ensuremath{\approx}1.8 for CCA clusters).
Induction of an interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) on monocytic cells. Evidence that the receptor is not encoded by a T cell-type IL-1R mRNA. (1990)

Primary human monocytes and the human monocytic cell line THP-1 were induced to express receptors for interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) and IL-1 beta. Treatment of primary monocytes with dexamethasone resulted in a 10-fold increase in receptor number over untreated cells, to approximately 2,000 receptors/cell. Treatment of THP-1 cells with phorbol ester followed by prostaglandin E2 and dexamethasone resulted in the expression of approximately 30,000 receptors/cell. Competitive binding assays on THP-1 cells showed that both IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta bind to the same receptor. The monocyte IL-1R is significantly smaller (63 kDa) than the T cell IL-1R (80 kDa) and is immunologically distinct. However, induction of monocytes and monocytic cell lines leads to the appearance of an abundant mRNA of approximately 5,000 bases which hybridizes to a cDNA probe from the T cell-type IL-1R. Sequence data obtained from a cDNA clone of this mRNA indicate that the message is identical to the T cell IL-1R mRNA throughout the coding region. A smaller mRNA, also homologous to the T cell IL-1R mRNA, accumulated in induced THP-1 cells and has a shorter 3'-untranslated region than the larger. Data are presented which suggest that neither form of this message encodes the 63-kDa IL-1R, but rather that this protein is the product of a separate nonhomologous mRNA.
Molecular Physiology of Urate Transport (2005)

Humans excrete uric acid as the final breakdown product of unwanted purine nucleotides. Urate scavenges potential harmful radicals in our body. However, in conjunction with genetic or environmental (especially dietary) factors, urate may cause gout, nephrolitiasis, hypertension, and vascular disease. Blood levels of urate are maintained by the balance between generation and excretion. Excretion requires specialized transporters located in renal proximal tubule cells, intestinal epithelial cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells. The recently identified human urate transporters URAT1, MRP4, OAT1, and OAT3 are thought to play central roles in homeostasis and may prove interesting targets for future drug development.
Traffic estimation and traffic sensitive scheduling in mobile ad hoc networks (2005)

Different CSMA variants (Carrier Sense Multiple Access), such as the widely spread WLAN-standards IEEE 802.11, are often suggested as MAC-protocols in ad hoc networks. Many of the problems that a CSMA-system suffers in a one-hop network are aggravated in a multi-hop network. This makes CSMAschemes less attractive to use in ad hoc networks. Several methods of scheduling transmissions in TDMA and in its more evolved form STDMA (Spatial reuse TDMA) have proved to give a higher maximum throughput than CSMA. TSST (Traffic Sensitive Scheduled TDMA) is proposed in this work, it is a novel algorithm for scheduling transmissions.TSST makes schedules based on the estimated queue length in every node.It is assumed that reports of queue lengths cannot instantaneously propagate from node to node. The updates will be received with a fixed delay (lag). Using this lagged information with support of traffic estimates and the knowledge of previous send schedules, TSST is capable of estimate the current queue lengths.The results show that TSST can achieve higher throughput than CSMA. The results also show that TSST can achieve lower end to end delay than idealised forms of prior TDMA-schemes, even if it has to estimate the queue lengths with quite old information and inaccurate traffic estimates.It is concluded that TSST is an efficient way of scheduling for TDMA and that the accuracy of the traffic estimator is of great importance.
The nucleotide sequence of a 5.5-kilobase DNA segment containing the mouse kappa immunoglobulin J and C region genes. (1981)

We have determined the nucleotide sequence of a 5.5-kilobase segment of cloned mouse DNA which includes regions encoding two parts of the mouse kappa immunoglobulin gene: the J regions (amino acids 96-108 of the kappa chain) and the C region (residues 109-214). This sequence allows us to rule out interruptions in the germline constant region coding segment as well as the presence of additional functional J genes in the sequenced DNA segment, although two weak homologies to J regions have been found. The complete sequence also allows us to identify a single occurrence of the heptanucleotide palindrome thought to play a role in V/J joining. This palindrome, midway between J and C regions, is the site of aberrant joining in the plasmacytoma MPC11 and may be a target for such aberrant recombination of other kappa genes. In addition, computer analysis of the J sequences suggests that those closest to the C region arose by the most recent duplication event.
Measuring Generalisation to Unseen Viewpoints, Articulations, Shapes and Objects for 3D Hand Pose Estimation under Hand-Object Interaction (2020)

We study how well different types of approaches generalise in the task of 3D hand pose estimation under single hand scenarios and hand-object interaction. We show that the accuracy of state-of-the-art methods can drop, and that they fail mostly on poses absent from the training set. Unfortunately, since the space of hand poses is highly dimensional, it is inherently not feasible to cover the whole space densely, despite recent efforts in collecting large-scale training datasets. This sampling problem is even more severe when hands are interacting with objects and/or inputs are RGB rather than depth images, as RGB images also vary with lighting conditions and colors. To address these issues, we designed a public challenge (HANDS'19) to evaluate the abilities of current 3D hand pose estimators (HPEs) to interpolate and extrapolate the poses of a training set. More exactly, HANDS'19 is designed (a) to evaluate the influence of both depth and color modalities on 3D hand pose estimation, under the presence or absence of objects; (b) to assess the generalisation abilities w.r.t. four main axes: shapes, articulations, viewpoints, and objects; (c) to explore the use of a synthetic hand model to fill the gaps of current datasets. Through the challenge, the overall accuracy has dramatically improved over the baseline, especially on extrapolation tasks, from 27mm to 13mm mean joint error. Our analyses highlight the impacts of: Data pre-processing, ensemble approaches, the use of a parametric 3D hand model (MANO), and different HPE methods/backbones.
RNA Based Cancer Vaccines - Clinical Trials in Patients with Prostate Cancer and Malignant Melanoma. (2007)

Abstract Anti-tumour vaccines targeting the entire tumour antigen repertoire represent an attractive immunotherapeutic approach. This repertoire is present in the total mRNA isolated from the tumour. The mRNA from each cancer patient may be amplified and thus overcome the problem of limitation of material that has hampered the development of individualized vaccines. We have developed immuno-gene-therapy for malignant melanoma and prostate cancer. Monocyte-derived dendritic dells are transfected with autologous melanoma-mRNA or mRNA from three prostate cancer cell lines (DU-145, LN-CaP and PC-3). The vaccines may generate T cell responses against a broad repertoire of tumor-associated epitopes, and the melanoma approach moreover target patient-specific tumor antigens. Effective protocols were established for mRNA-transfection by square wave electroporation and for generation of clinical grade dendritic cells. A full scale preclinical evaluation demonstrated in vitro T cell responses in 6/6 advanced melanoma patients. The responses were specific to antigens encoded by the transfected tumor-mRNA. Recently, we have conducted two phase I/II trials, in advanced malignant melanoma and androgen-resistant prostate cancer. Successful vaccine preparations were obtained for all 41 patients elected. No serious adverse effects were observed. Specific T cell responses (T cell proliferation and/or IFNγ ELISPOT) were demonstrated in 9/19 evaluable melanoma patients and in 12/19 prostate cancer patients. The response rates were higher for patients receiving intradermal vaccination, compared to intranodal injection. Thirteen prostate cancer patients developed a decrease in log-slope PSA. The PSA-response was significantly related to the T cell response (p=0,002). We conclude that the tumour mRNA based DC-vaccine is feasible and safe, and that T cell responses are elicited in about 50% of patients. In the next generation clinical protocols, patients will undergo Treg depletion by chemotherapy (Temozolomide) prior to DC vaccination. Subsequently, T cells will be expanded ex vivo using the Dynabeads Clin Ex Vivo system before re-infusion into the patients.
Casimir repulsion beyond the dipole regime (2011)

We extend a previous result [Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 090403 (2010)] on Casimir repulsion between a plate with a hole and a cylinder centered above it to geometries in which the central object can no longer be treated as a point dipole. We show through numerical calculations that as the distance between the plate and central object decreases, there is an intermediate regime in which the repulsive force increases dramatically. Beyond this, the force rapidly switches over to attraction as the separation decreases further to zero, in line with the proximity force approximation. We demonstrate that this effect can be understood as a competition between an increased repulsion due to a larger polarizability of the central object interacting with increased fringing fields near the edge of the plate, and attractive forces due primarily to the nonzero thickness of the plate. In comparison with our previous work, we find that using the same plate geometry but replacing the single cylinder with a ring of cylinders, or more generally an extended uniaxial conductor, the repulsive force can be enhanced by a factor of approximately $10^3$. We conclude that this enhancement, although quite dramatic, is still too small to yield detectable repulsive Casimir forces.
A digital controller for a unity power factor converter (2003)

A digital controller for a unity power factor AC-DC converter is designed, based on a linear large-signal model of the power supply. A hardware implementation of the design is presented and analyzed, along with simulations of the closed-loop system. Issues in digital control of power systems, such a quantization effects and fixed-point representation of system parameters, are examined in the context of this system. The experimental results are then compared with the simulations and used to evaluate the implementation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A fully integrated hybrid silicon AWG based multiwavelength laser (2010)

For the first time, a fully integrated hybrid silicon AWG based multiwavelength laser on SOI is presented. Four-channel operation with 360 GHz spacing and 25-35 dB SMSR is shown.
Fault-tolerant clock synchronization for distributed systems using continuous synchronization messages (2002)

We present a probabilistic synchronization algorithm which sends periodic synchronization messages, instead of periodic bursts of synchronization messages as other algorithms do. Our "continuous" approach therefore avoids the burst network loads of other algorithms. Nodes always have current estimates of other nodes' clocks, allowing them to monitor the state of system synchronization, and adjust their clocks as needed. The algorithm is fault-tolerant, and may be easily adapted to a wide variety of systems and networks. We analyze and simulate the algorithm's performance on a 64-node hypercube, and show that the algorithm provides tight synchronization while imposing only a light load on the network.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Steady-State Performance of Constrained Normalized Adaptive Filters for CDMA Systems (2006)

Constrained normalized adaptive filters are used as a computationally efficient class of receivers to decrease multiple access interference (MAI). Some receivers estimate the amplitude and/or use different normalization parameters in order to improve the convergence speed. In this paper, we derive the steady-state performance of this class of receivers, from which it is revealed that the normalization parameters that aim at increasing the convergence speed deteriorate the steady-state performance if the step-size is not changed. Additionally, we prove that an estimate of the desired user's amplitude can greatly improve the steady-state performance. Computer simulations show remarkably good agreement with our analysis
Mechanisms of regulation of cell-mediated immunity. II. Induction and suppression of delayed-type hypersensitivity to azobenzenearsonate-coupled syngeneic cells. (1978)

We have investigated the induction, transfer, and suppression of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to the hapten azobenzenearsonate (ABA), using ABA-derivatized spleen cells in mice. It was found that ABA-derivatized syngeneic cells administered subcutaneously induced hapten-specific DTH responses detected by footpad swelling upon challenge with similarly ABA-modified syngeneic cells, but not with syngeneic cells modified with an irrelevant hapten. The footpad response was determined to be a manifestation of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) from the time course of the reactivity, the characteristic histology, and the results of adoptive transfer experiments. Negative selection experiments with anti-Thy 1.2 antiserum and complement demonstrated that the response was thymic dependent (T) and was transferable to naive recipients by immune T cells but not by immune sera. The induction and elicitation of the response required, minimally, identity at the I-A region of the H-2 major histocompatibility complex (MHC) between the immunizing hapten-modified cell and the recipient. Further studies revealed that syngeneic ABA-modified adherent cells were more capable of inducing ABA-specific DTH responses than similarly derivatized nonadherent cells. Studies dealing with the presentation of hapten with (BALB/c × A/J)F 1 derivatized cells as immunogens indicated that F 1 immune mice appeared to respond preferentially to BALB/c hapten cell surface conjugates rather than A/J cell surface as assessed by challenge of F 1 immune mice with modified parental cells of either type. In adoptive transfer experiments it was found that immune T cells could transfer reactivity if, and only if, the immune T cells, the recipient, and the challenging modified cell were syngeneic or semisyngeneic. Allogeneic transfers were unsuccessful, even when the priming cells, the immune T cells, and challenge were syngeneic, but the recipient was not. The apparent failure of allogeneic transfer was not due to the presence of suppressor cells. Finally, we were able to elicit suppressor T cells by the i.v. administration of ABA-modified syngeneic cells. ABA-specific suppressor T cells limit the generation of DTH to ABA-modified cells, but do not decrease DTH to cells modified with an irrelevant hapten.
Atomic Layer Deposition of the Quaternary Chalcogenide Cu2ZnSnS4 (2012)

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a layer-by-layer synthesis method capable of depositing conformal thin films with thickness and compositional control on subnanometer length scales. While many materials have been synthesized by ALD, the technologically important metal sulfides are underexplored, and homogeneous quaternary metal sulfides are absent from the literature. We report an ALD process to synthesize Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS), a potentially low cost semiconductor being explored for photovoltaic applications. Two strategies are reported: one in which a trilayer stack of binary metal sulfides (i.e., Cu2S, SnS2 and ZnS) is deposited and mixed by thermal annealing, as well as a supercycle strategy that is similar to the conventional ALD procedure for forming nanolaminates. Both routes rely on the facile solid state diffusion of chalcogenides for mixing. For this ALD route to the CZTS system, the challenges are nucleation, ion-exchange between the film and the volatile chemical precursors, and phase-stability of binary SnS2. The thin films were made with no sulfurization step. The X-ray diffraction and Raman spectra were consistent with the formation of CZTS. X-ray fluorescence measurements revealed that the films contained the expected amount of sulfur based on the target oxidation states. Photoelectrochemical measurements under simulated AM1.5 illumination using Eu3+ as an electron acceptor demonstrated that the films were photoactive and had an average internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of 12%.
Phosphatidylcholin ist im intestinalen Mucus von Patienten mit Colitis ulcerosa, nicht jedoch von Patienten mit M. Crohn vermindert (2006)

Einleitung: Phosphatidylcholin (PC) ist ein wichtiger Bestandteil der intestinalen Mucusbarriere. Aufgrund seiner besonderen biophysikalischen Eigenschaften erhöht es deren Hydrophobizität und damit die Stabilität gegenüber intraluminalen Noxen.
Effects of Nanoparticle Coating on the Adhesion of Emulsion Aggregation Toner Particles (2010)

Abstract Toner is a key material for the xerographic printing and copying industry. Compared to conventional pulverized toner particles, emulsion aggregation (EA) toner particles could adhere more strongly to substrates and their property distributions are narrower because of their near-perfect spherical shape and higher surface free energy. However, in general, uncoated EA toner is more difficult to transfer and clean during printing/copying processes for the same reasons. Nanoparticle additives could be used as control agents to reduce the toner particle–substrate adhesion. In order to optimize their adhesion and handling performances, an accurate adhesion characterization of the toner particles coated with different levels of additives is required. In current study, two non-contact adhesion characterization techniques based on acoustic air-coupled excitation and ultrasonic base excitation are presented. Their use for the adhesion characterization of individual bare toner particles with an average diameter of 6.0 μm on silicon substrates, and their silica nanoparticle coated variants with a surface area coverage (SAC) of 50% is demonstrated. The techniques are based on the detection of the resonance frequencies of rocking motion of micro-spheres. The out-of-plane transient displacement responses of the rocking particles are captured by a laser interferometer, and the natural frequencies of particle rocking motion obtained from transient displacements at the top of particles and the substrate are related to the strength of the adhesion bond. It is reported that the work of adhesion values of the 50% SAC-coated toner on silicon substrates are almost an order of magnitude lower than those for the bare ones. Keywords: WORK OF ADHESIONMICRO-SPHERICAL PARTICLESTONER ADHESION CHARACTERIZATIONAIR-COUPLED ACOUSTICSEMULSION AGGREGATION (EA)SILICA NANOPARTICLE-COATED TONER
Antileishmanial Efficacy and Pharmacokinetics of DB766-Azole Combinations (2017)

Given the limitations of current antileishmanial drugs and the utility of oral combination therapy for other infections, developing an oral combination against visceral leishmaniasis should be a high priority. <i>In vitro</i> combination studies with DB766 and antifungal azoles against intracellular <i>Leishmania donovani</i> showed that posaconazole and ketoconazole, but not fluconazole, enhanced DB766 potency. Pharmacokinetic analysis of DB766-azole combinations in uninfected Swiss Webster mice revealed that DB766 exposure was increased by higher posaconazole and ketoconazole doses, while DB766 decreased ketoconazole exposure. In <i>L. donovani</i>-infected BALB/c mice, DB766-posaconazole combinations given orally for 5 days were more effective than DB766 or posaconazole alone. For example, 81% ± 1% (means ± standard errors) inhibition of liver parasite burden was observed for 37.5 mg/kg of body weight DB766 plus 15 mg/kg posaconazole, while 37.5 mg/kg DB766 and 15 mg/kg posaconazole administered as monotherapy gave 40% ± 5% and 21% ± 3% inhibition, respectively. Combination index (CI) analysis indicated that synergy or moderate synergy was observed in six of nine combined dose groups, while the other three were nearly additive. Liver concentrations of DB766 and posaconazole increased in almost all combination groups compared to monotherapy groups, although many increases were not statistically significant. For DB766-ketoconazole combinations evaluated in this model, two were antagonistic, one displayed synergy, and one was nearly additive. These data indicate that the efficacy of DB766-posaconazole and DB766-ketoconazole combinations <i>in vivo</i> is influenced in part by the pharmacokinetics of the combination, and that the former combination deserves further consideration in developing new treatment strategies against visceral leishmaniasis.
The isomerisation of (Z)-3-[2H1]-phenylprop-2-enone as a measure of the rate of hydroperoxide addition in Weitz–Scheffer and Juliá–Colonna epoxidations (2004)

(Z)-3-[2H1]-Phenylprop-2-enone is isomerised by hydroperoxide to an equimolar mixture of the (Z)- and (E)-isomers prior to epoxidation. Poly-(L)-leucine (10 mole %) accelerates the addition of hydroperoxide by an order of magnitude and sequesters hydroperoxide from THF.
Controlled Release Microchips (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Active Silicon Microchip Passive Polymeric Microchip Conclusion References
Template‐Controlled Synthesis in the Solid State (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.