gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dual homogenization of immiscible steady two‐phase flows in random porous media (2004)

We develop a dual conductivity‐resistivity homogenization for immiscible steady two‐phase flow in heterogeneous, spatially correlated, random porous media. The objective is to obtain macroscale equations for an equivalent homogeneous medium. We assume that the flow is governed locally by the generalized Darcy equations. Two formulations are developed, one in terms of capillary pressure p c and the other in terms of saturation s . In each case the perturbation approach is used to express average and fluctuation equations, and the closure problems are solved using the Wiener‐Kinchine spectral theory. The macroscale permeability K e a and resistivity R e a tensors are determined for each fluid a , which also yield the relative permeabilities. These dual results provide a physically consistent correction of the perturbation‐based tensors. The corrected macroscale tensors are then always positive, symmetric, and reciprocal to each other. We also develop, similarly, the homogenization of the capillary pressure curve p c ( x , θ) and of its reciprocal θ( x , p c ), where θ is the wetting fluid content. Finally, these general analytical results are applied to the special case where 〈∇ p c 〉 ≈ 0 and/or 〈∇θ〉 ≈ 0, which can be interpreted as a mean capillary equilibrium.
The Role of Gamma Interferon in B‐Cell Activation (1987)

This study evaluates the role of gamma interferon in in vitro B-cell activation. Two clones of an alloreactive helper T-cell line were equally effective in activating B cells polyclonally to proliferate and to mature to immunoglobulin secretion. One of these clones produced high levels of gamma interferon, while the other clone did not. From these data we conclude that gamma interferon plays no limiting role in T-dependent B-cell activation.
Inhibition of Viral RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerases by Nucleoside Inhibitors: An Illustration of the Unity and Diversity of Mechanisms (2022)

RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) is essential for the replication and expression of RNA viral genomes. This class of viruses comprise a large number of highly pathogenic agents that infect essentially all species of plants and animals including humans. Infections often lead to epidemics and pandemics that have remained largely out of control due to the lack of specific and reliable preventive and therapeutic regimens. This unmet medical need has led to the exploration of new antiviral targets, of which RdRP is a major one, due to the fact of its obligatory need in virus growth. Recent studies have demonstrated the ability of several synthetic nucleoside analogs to serve as mimics of the corresponding natural nucleosides. These mimics cause stalling/termination of RdRP, or misincorporation, preventing virus replication or promoting large-scale lethal mutations. Several such analogs have received clinical approval and are being routinely used in therapy. In parallel, the molecular structural basis of their inhibitory interactions with RdRP is being elucidated, revealing both traditional and novel mechanisms including a delayed chain termination effect. This review offers a molecular commentary on these mechanisms along with their clinical implications based on analyses of recent results, which should facilitate the rational design of structure-based antiviral drugs.
OTFS-FMCW Waveform Design for Low Complexity Joint Sensing and Communication (2022)

Joint sensing and communication (JSAC) systems are becoming attractive technologies since they can map the radio environment while performing communication using the same frequency bands. This is achieved by radar signal processing of the received signal that is composed of a known waveform. However, varying the waveform used for JSAC will create a trade-off between throughput and computational complexity. In this paper, we propose a joint orthogonal time-frequency space (OTFS)-frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) waveform design to perform JSAC to achieve high data rates due to OTFS and low-complex simple radar receiver thanks to FMCW. This is done by exploiting the simultaneous locality property of the FMCW in both time-frequency and delay-Doppler domains to orthogonally superimpose OTFS and FMCW, and use them for communication and sensing, respectively. Then, we provide an analysis of the computational complexity of the proposed design. The conducted simulation results demonstrate that the proposed waveform design can achieve accurate low-complexity radar parameters estimation while preserving high data rates.
Sensor Scheduling using Smart Sensors (2007)

The sensor selection problem arises when multiple sensors are jointly trying to estimate a process but only a subset of them can take and/or use measurements at any time step. In a networked estimation situation, sensors are typically equipped with some memory and processing capabilities. We illustrate that utilization of these capabilities can lead to significant performance gains in the sensor selection problem for improved estimation performance. Further, it also leads to significant pruning of the search tree that yields the optimum sensor schedule. We also present a periodicity result for the case where the decision is whether the sensor should transmit or not.
Optimization of pilot power for load balancing in WCDMA networks (2005)

In WCDMA networks, the power level of the common pilot channel (CPICH) has a significant impact on the network performance. The power level of a pilot signal determines the cell size, and thereby the load of the cell. By taking into account the variation of the traffic intensity over the service area, the pilot power can be adjusted to equalize the traffic load over the cells. We present a model for load balancing in WCDMA networks, and propose an algorithm for solving the load balancing optimization problem subject to the constraint of full coverage of the service area. We report our computational experiments for the real-life WCDMA networks of Berlin and Lisbon.
Mid-term changes in blood metal ion levels after Articular Surface Replacement arthroplasty of the hip (2017)

The levels of metal ions in the blood increase significantly over the period until mid-term follow-up in patients with both a MoM HRA and those with a MoM THA. We recommend that the levels of metal ions be measured most frequently for women with a MoM HRA. While those with a MoM THA appear to stabilise at a certain level, the accuracy of this trend is not yet clear. Vigilant follow-up is still recommended. Cite this article: <i>Bone Joint J</i> 2017;99-B(4 Supple B):33-40.
Multi-wavelength Reflectivity Monitoring on Growth of AlN on Si (2019)

Analysis of oscillation of reflectivity on thin film growth at a wavelength the film is transparent results in more than one solution of growth rate sometimes. Usually, the correct growth rate is chosen among the solutions with knowledge of refractive index of the film. On the other hand, if the reflectivity is monitored at two or more wavelengths, the correct solution is chosen by comparing the solutions at different wavelengths. In this report, an example of AlN growth on Si substrate is shown.
Acyclic Triterpenoid Isolated from Alpinia katsumadai Alleviates Formalin-Induced Chronic Mouse Paw Inflammation by Inhibiting the Phosphorylation of ERK and NF-κB (2020)

Chronic and excessive inflammation can destroy host organs and cause inflammatory diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, asthma, and rheumatoid arthritis. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of <i>Alpinia katsumadai</i> seed-derived 2,3,5,22,23-pentahydroxy-2,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyl-tetracosa-6,10,14,18-tetraene (PHT) using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated J774 cells and a formalin-induced chronic paw inflammation mouse model. The in vitro results showed that PHT exhibited no cytotoxicity and decreased LPS-induced NO secretion. Additionally, PHT inhibited LPS-induced inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) protein expression. The quantitative real-time PCR results showed that PHT downregulated the gene expression of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) but not tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). PHT inhibited the LPS-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB). In a mouse model, oral administration of 50 mg/kg PHT significantly alleviated both mouse paw thickness and volume. These results indicate that PHT has potential anti-inflammatory effects and should be considered a possible functional material.
FHITas Tumor Suppressor: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities (2002)

Chromosomal abnormalities including homozygous deletions and loss of heterozygosity at 3p l4.2 are commonly observed in most human tumors, including lung, breast and kidney cancers. This region also contains the most common human fragile site FRA3B, a familial kidney cancer-associated translocation breakpoint and papilloma virus integration sites. The FHIT gene is a tumor suppressor, which is frequently inactivated by mentioned genomic alterations at 3pl4.2. In the last few years considerable amount of data describing inactivation of FHIT in a variety of human malignancies and demonstrating the tumor suppressor potential of Fhit has accumulated. However, these have not yet led to major advances in uncovering the precise molecular mechanism of Fhit action. This review focuses on the most recent progress in understanding of Fhit function as a tumor suppressor and opportunities for gene cancer therapy with Fhit.
Macrocycle-metal cation interactions involving polyaza macrocycles bonded to silica gel via a nitrogen donor atom (1990)

Abstract
Comparative Performance of Optical-Radar Detection Techniques (1966)

The statistical performances of energy- and heterodyne-detection techniques in pulsed optical radar applications are compared. The results show that, under conditions frequently encountered in practice, energy-detection can provide the better target-detection capability, in spite of the far greater complexity of the heterodyne receiver. The velocity-measurement capability of an energy-detection system can also be superior from the point of view of the error probabilities achieved. The advantages of the more complex and critical heterodyne technique lie in its vastly superior velocity-resolution capability and in its superior performance in very noisy environments.
Erratum to: “Characterizations of normal quintic 𝐾-3 surfaces” [Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 313 (1989), no. 2, 737–751; MR0997678 (90j:14045)] (1992)

kindly pointed out that the proof of Lemma 2.1 of [2] does not work.In fact, the statement of the lemma is false.There exist normal quintic surfaces with two triple points and one elliptic double point.For example, let So be a quintic surface defined by the equationwhere x, y, z are (affine) coordinates and X, p and v are generic complex constants.It contains one elliptic double point (0,0,0) and two triple points (1, 1,0) and (-1, 1,0).It can be checked that the minimal resolution S of So contains three (-l)-curves and the minimal model of S is a K3 surface.Therefore Lemma 2.1 and Theorem 1 should be deleted from [2].
NRZ and PAM-4 Direct Modulation of <tex>$1.3\ \mu\mathrm{m}$</tex> Quantum Dot Lasers Grown Directly on On-Axis (001) Si (2018)

We demonstrate high-speed direct-modulation of InAs/InGaAs quantum dot lasers grown on on-axis (001) silicon. The devices exhibited a 12.5 Gbit/s NRZ operation and a 25 Gbit/s PAM-4 operation confirmed from eye diagrams and BER measurements.
Thousands of novel unannotated proteins expand the MHC I immunopeptidome in cancer (2020)

Abstract Tumor epitopes – peptides that are presented on surface-bound MHC I proteins - provide targets for cancer immunotherapy and have been identified extensively in the annotated protein-coding regions of the genome. Motivated by the recent discovery of translated novel unannotated open reading frames (nuORFs) using ribosome profiling (Ribo-seq), we hypothesized that cancer-associated processes could generate nuORFs that can serve as a new source of tumor antigens that harbor somatic mutations or show tumor-specific expression. To identify cancer-specific nuORFs, we generated Ribo-seq profiles for 29 malignant and healthy samples, developed a sensitive analytic approach for hierarchical ORF prediction, and constructed a high-confidence database of translated nuORFs across tissues. Peptides from 3,555 unique translated nuORFs were presented on MHC I, based on analysis of an extensive dataset of MHC I-bound peptides detected by mass spectrometry, with &gt;20-fold more nuORF peptides detected in the MHC I immunopeptidomes compared to whole proteomes. We further detected somatic mutations in nuORFs of cancer samples and identified nuORFs with tumor-specific translation in melanoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia and glioblastoma. NuORFs thus expand the pool of MHC I-presented, tumor-specific peptides, targetable by immunotherapies.
SPRAM (SPin-transfer torque RAM) design and its impact on digital systems (2007)

To demonstrate circuit technologies for potential low-power non-volatile RAM, or universal memory, we fabricated a 1.8V 2-Mb SPRAM (SPin-transfer torque RAM) chip using a 0.2-μm logic process with a MgO tunneling barrier cell. This chip features an array scheme with bit-by-bit bidirectional current writing to enable proper spin-transfer torque writing and parallel-direction current reading for preventing read disturbance. In addition, this memory can improve the power efficiency of digital equipment.
Adult Stem Cell Transplantation: Is Gender a Factor in Stemness? (2014)

Cell therapy now constitutes an important area of regenerative medicine. The aging of the population has mandated the discovery and development of new and innovative therapeutic modalities to combat devastating disorders such as stroke. Menstrual blood and Sertoli cells represent two sources of viable transplantable cells that are gender-specific, both of which appear to have potential as donor cells for transplantation in stroke. During the subacute phase of stroke, the use of autologous cells offers effective and practical clinical application and is suggestive of the many benefits of using the aforementioned gender-specific cells. For example, in addition to being exceptionally immunosuppressive, testis-derived Sertoli cells secrete many growth and trophic factors and have been shown to aid in the functional recovery of animals transplanted with fetal dopaminergic cells. Correspondingly, menstrual blood cells are easily obtainable and exhibit angiogenic characteristics, proliferative capability, and pluripotency. Of further interest is the ability of menstrual blood cells, following transplantation in stroke models, to migrate to the infarct site, secrete neurotrophic factors, regulate the inflammatory response, and be steered towards neural differentiation. From cell isolation to transplantation, we emphasize in this review paper the practicality and relevance of the experimental and clinical use of gender-specific stem cells, such as Sertoli cells and menstrual blood cells, in the treatment of stroke.
Automatic whiteout++ (2008)

By analyzing features of users' typing, Automatic Whiteout++ detects and corrects up to 32.37% of the errors made by typists while using a mini-QWERTY (RIM Blackberry style) keyboard. The system targets "off-by-one" errors where the user accidentally presses a key adjacent to the one intended. Using a database of typing from longitudinal tests on two different keyboards in a variety of contexts, we show that the system generalizes well across users, model of keyboard, user expertise, and keyboard visibility conditions. Since a goal of Automatic Whiteout++ is to embed it in the firmware of mini-QWERTY keyboards, it does not rely on a dictionary. This feature enables the system to correct errors mid-word instead of applying a correction after the word has been typed. Though we do not use a dictionary, we do examine the effect of varying levels of language context in the system's ability to detect and correct erroneous keypresses.
Reticle variation influence on manufacturing line and wafer device performance (1994)

Cost effective manufacturing of devices at 0.5, 0.35 and 0.25&mu;m geometries will be highly dependent on a companys’ ability to obtain an economic return on investment. The high capital investment in equipment and facilities, not to mention the related chemical and wafer costs, for producing 200mm silicon wafers requires aspects of wafer processing to be tightly controlled. Reduction in errors and enhanced yield management requires early correction or avoidance of reticle problems. It is becoming increasingly important to recognize and track all pertinent factors impacting both the technical and financial viability of a wafer manufacturing fabrication area. Reticle related effects on wafer manufacturing can be costly and affect the total quality perceived by the device customer.
Ultra-low power data storage for sensor networks (2006)

Local storage is required in many sensor network applications, both for archival of detailed event information, as well as to overcome sensor platform memory constraints. While extensive measurement studies have been performed to highlight the trade-off between computation and communication in sensor networks, the role of storage has received little attention. The storage subsystems on currently available sensor platforms have not exploited technology trends, and consequently the energy cost of storage on these platforms is as high as that of communication. Current flash memories, however, offer a low-priced, high-capacity and extremely energy-efficient storage solution. In this paper, we perform a comprehensive evaluation of the active and sleep-mode energy consumption of available flash-based storage options for sensor platforms. Our results demonstrate more than a 100-fold decrease in per-byte energy consumption for surface-mount parallel NAND flash in comparison with the MicaZ on-board serial flash. In addition, this dramatically reduces storage energy costs relative to communication, introducing a new dimension in traditional computation vs communication trade-offs. Our results have significant ramifications on the design of sensor platforms as well as on the energy consumption of sensing applications. We quantify the potential energy gains for two commonly used sensor network services: communication and in-network data aggregation. Our measurements show significant improvements in each service: 50-fold and up to 10-fold reductions in energy for communication and data aggregation respectively.
Protein folding and unfolding studied at atomic resolution by fast two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy (2007)

Atom-resolved real-time studies of kinetic processes in proteins have been hampered in the past by the lack of experimental techniques that yield sufficient temporal and atomic resolution. Here we present band-selective optimized flip-angle short transient (SOFAST) real-time 2D NMR spectroscopy, a method that allows simultaneous observation of reaction kinetics for a large number of nuclear sites along the polypeptide chain of a protein with an unprecedented time resolution of a few seconds. SOFAST real-time 2D NMR spectroscopy combines fast NMR data acquisition techniques with rapid sample mixing inside the NMR magnet to initiate the kinetic event. We demonstrate the use of SOFAST real-time 2D NMR to monitor the conformational transition of alpha-lactalbumin from a molten globular to the native state for a large number of amide sites along the polypeptide chain. The kinetic behavior observed for the disappearance of the molten globule and the appearance of the native state is monoexponential and uniform along the polypeptide chain. This observation confirms previous findings that a single transition state ensemble controls folding of alpha-lactalbumin from the molten globule to the native state. In a second application, the spontaneous unfolding of native ubiquitin under nondenaturing conditions is characterized by amide hydrogen exchange rate constants measured at high pH by using SOFAST real-time 2D NMR. Our data reveal that ubiquitin unfolds in a gradual manner with distinct unfolding regimes.
Picosecond pulse amplification in a core-pumped large-mode-area erbium fiber (2007)

Amplification in a single-clad, large-mode-area erbium fiber as an alternative to double-clad Er-Yb amplifiers is presented. Both signal and pump are coupled through a mode-matched splice into the fundamental mode, which ensures preferential gain in the fundamental mode while minimizing the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE). The 875 microm(2) effective area of the Er fiber enables amplification of 6 ps pulses at 1.55 microm wavelength by approximately 33 dB in a single stage to >25 kW peak power with low nonlinear pulse distortion and a diffraction-limited output beam with M(2)<1.1.
Early Pain Relief and Function After Posterior Minimally Invasive and Conventional Total Hip Arthroplasty (2007)

Therapeutic Level I.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Eleutherobin (IX) and Eleuthosides A (X) and B (XI). (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Discovery of Novel Oxides and Sulfides Solid State Ionic Conductors for All-Solid-State Li-Ion Batteries (2019)

All-solid-state batteries as an emerging electrochemical energy storage technology are attracting extensive attentions, owing to the good safety properties and potentially very high energy density with using Li-metal anode. Solid electrolyte (SE) is the key component in all-solid-state Li-ion batteries and solid state Li ion conductors with high room temperature conductivity, ideal electrochemical stability and good mechanical compatibility are very much desired. Oxides and sulfides based SEs have their own advantages and disadvantages. Oxides can be handled and stored in ambient environment, while their room temperature ionic conductivity is relatively low and the grain boundary is high. Sulfides are commonly not very stable with air and moisture, but they have much higher ionic conductivity, lower grain boundary resistance and favorable mechanical properties for cold processing of solid cells. Here we report recent progresses in our research group in both oxide and sulfide-based lithium ion conductors. A group of zirconia doped lithium tantalum oxosilicate previously identified through a computation assisted search and screening were successfully synthesized and showed encouraging ionic conductivity of &gt;10 -5 S/cm at room temperature. Analysis of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy data and computation predictions indicate that higher conductivity from 10 -4 to 10 -3 S/cm may be achieved by further optimizations. With using another experiment-based design strategy, a group of lithium chloro-thiophosphate compounds were also experimentally identified assisted by in situ X-ray diffraction investigations and showed high conductivity of &gt;10 -4 S/cm. The structure of both sulfide and oxide new compounds were characterized with using synchrotron X-ray diffraction and neutron diffraction. The relationship between their ionic conductivity and structural features, such as unit cell size, diffusion pathway, site occupancy, interstitial sites, etc., were revealed by the characterization and will be discussed in the presentation. Caption of Figure 1. a) Crystal structure and ionic conductivity of Zr doped LiTaSiO 5 with sphene structure. b) Crystal structure of new lithium chloro-thiophosphate Figure 1