gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adaptive Reduced-Rank Estimation of Nonstationary Time-Variant Channels Using Subspace Selection (2012)

In this paper, we focus on adaptive time-variant channel estimation for vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications in intelligent transportation systems (ITS) using the IEEE 802.11p physical layer. The IEEE 802.11p pilot pattern is identical to that in the well-known IEEE 802.11a/g (WiFi) standard, which was initially designed for indoor environments with little or no mobility. However, in a V2V drive-by situation, the channel impulse response rapidly changes due to the high relative velocity between transmitter and receiver, as well as the changes in the scattering environment. Hence, for such V2V channels, advanced decision directed channel estimation methods are needed to reach a frame error rate (FER) smaller than 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> . Even more importantly, the channels are nonstationary, which implies that the Doppler power spectral density (DSD) and the power delay profile (PDP) change on a timescale comparable with the frame length, which complicates the estimator design. In this paper, we develop an adaptation method for the channel estimation filter that is suitable for the following: 1) the short frame length in IEEE 802.11p; 2) the given pilot structure; and 3) the requirement of only a single received short frame for filter adaptation. We define a set of hypotheses on the support of the DSD and a second set of hypotheses on the support of the PDP. Each hypothesis is represented by a specific subspace spanned by orthogonal basis vectors. For basis vector calculation, we develop a numerically stable algorithm utilizing generalized discrete prolate spheroidal sequences. The adaptation algorithm chooses a hypothesis from both sets such that a probabilistic bound on the channel estimation error is minimized. We implement the hypothesis test by means of a novel subspace selection algorithm that allows utilizing correlated observations of a time- and frequency-selective (2-D) fading process. We validate the adaptive channel estimation scheme in an IEEE 802.11p compliant link level simulation for a relative velocity range from 0 to 111 m/s ≈ 400 km/h ≈ 249 mi/h. Adaptive filtering enables an up to fourfold reduction in the number of required iterations to reach an FER below 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> for an <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Eb</i> / <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> = 12 dB.
Long-Term Combined Androgen Blockade Alone for Localized Prostate Cancer. (1999)

The effect of long-term continuous combined androgen blockade (CAB) administered alone has been studied in 26 patients with stage B(2)/T(2) and 115 with stage C/T(3) prostate cancer who did not accept or were not candidates for other forms of therapy. In the 26 patients with stage T(2) disease who have received continuous CAB with an LHRH agonist and flutamide, progression of cancer, as evidenced by rising serum prostate specific antigen (PSA), was observed in only one patient receiving CAB, occurring after 7.3 years of continuous CAB treatment. Treatment with CAB was then stopped in 20 patients with stage T(2) cancer after a median period of 7.2 years. Failure or PSA rise occurred in 2 of these patients after a median follow-up of 3.1 years following cessation of CAB, and one died from prostate cancer. The benefits observed with CAB alone in localized disease compare favorably with those obtained by radical prostatectomy or radiotherapy alone. Twenty-six patients with stage T(3) cancer have been treated with CAB continuously for a median of 9.9 years. After a median follow-up of 4.4 years (range 0.3-7.0 years) after cessation of CAB in this group of patients, PSA failure was observed in 5 patients (19%), who had been treated continuously for 3.8, 5.0, 5.0, 9.9, and 10.9 years. Thus, in 85% (39 of 46) patients with stage T(2)-T(3) disease who were treated continuously with CAB for a median of 7.2 and 9.9 years, respectively, PSA remained undetectable up to a median of 3.1 (stage T(2)) and 4.4 (stage T(3)) years of follow-up. The present data, while showing the high efficacy of CAB in localized prostate cancer, clearly indicate the need for long-term treatment, similar to the 5 years of tamoxifen required for control of breast cancer.
Gallium phosphide photonic crystal nanocavities in the visible (2008)

Photonic crystal nanocavities at visible wavelengths are fabricated in a high refractive index (n&amp;gt;3.2) gallium phosphide membrane. The cavities are probed via a cross-polarized reflectivity measurement and show resonances at wavelengths as low as 645 nm at room temperature, with quality factors between 500 and 1700 for modes with volumes 0.7(λ/n)3. These structures could be employed for submicron scale optoelectronic devices in the visible, and for coupling to emitters with resonances in the visible such as nitrogen vacancy centers, and biomolecules and organic molecules.
Toward a Sustainable More Electrified Future: The Role of Electrical Machines and Drives (2019)

This article provided an overview of the broad range of applications in which advanced electrical machines and drives play a key role. There are many applications that require steep change in the performance of electrical machines and drives. In addition to novel topologies and design optimization, a broad range of enabling technologies, including advanced materials and thermal management, will play a key role in meeting the ever-growing requirements of the aforementioned applications. Judging by the breadth of the applications and the very demanding requirements in terms of system footprint, efficiency cost, and reliability R&D efforts in the area of advanced electrical machines and drives are expected to rise significantly.
Prevention of Vascular Calcification by Magnesium and Selected Polyphenols (2021)

Arterial vascular calcification (VC) represents formation of calcium phosphate deposits on the interior of arteries, which could restrict blood flow leading to heart health problems, including morbidity and mortality. VC is a complex and tightly regulated process that involves transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) to bone-like cells and subsequent deposition of calcium as hydroxyapatite. Natural bioactives, including quercetin (Q), curcumin (C), resveratrol (R), and magnesium (Mg), have been reported to inhibit VC. Thus, we conducted an in vitro study using rat vascular smooth muscle cells (rVSMCs) to evaluate the protective effect of natural bioactives found in OptiCel, that is, Mg combined with polyphenols (PPs), Q, C, and R. Calcification was induced by culturing rVSMCs in a high phosphate (HP) medium. The addition of Mg and Q + C + R separately decreased the HP-induced calcium deposition by 37.55% and 42.78%, respectively. In contrast, when Mg was combined with Q, C, and R, the inhibition of calcium deposition was decreased by 92.88%, which is greater than their calculated additive inhibition (80.33%). These results demonstrate that the combination of Mg with selected PPs (Q, C, and R) is more effective than when used separately. The findings also suggest the combination has a synergistic effect in inhibiting VC, which is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Thus, regular consumption of these natural bioactives could have a beneficial effect in reducing the development of heart diseases.
A comparative study on BMP-induced osteoclastogenesis and osteoblastogenesis in primary cultures of adult rat bone marrow cells (2009)

Bone remodeling is a process consisting of bone formation and resorption. The present study compared the relative osteoclastic and osteoblastic potency of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP)-2, -4, -5, -6, and -7 in primary murine bone marrow cultures. All five BMPs stimulated, to varying degree, formation of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive multinucleated cells in a time- and protein concentration-dependent manner. The TRAP staining intensity correlated positively with the number of nuclei per TRAP-positive cell and the mRNA levels of colony-stimulating factor (CSF-1), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand (RANKL), TRAP, and cathepsin K. Under osteogenic conditions, all five BMPs stimulated AP activity and mineralized bone nodule formation in a protein concentration-dependent manner in the same primary murine bone marrow cell culture system. These findings should be useful in designing treatment strategies for bone regeneration.
Performance Preserving Network Downscaling (2005)

The Internet is a large, complex, heterogeneous system operating at very high speeds and consisting of a large number of users. Researchers use a suite of tools and techniques in order to understand the performance of networks: measurements, simulations, and deployments on small to medium-scale testbeds. This work considers a novel addition to this suite: a class of methods to scale down the topology of the Internet that enables researchers to create and observe a smaller replica, and extrapolate its performance to the expected performance of the larger Internet. The key insight that we leverage in this work is that only the congested links along the path of each flow introduce sizable queueing delays and dependencies among flows. Hence, one might hope that the network properties can be captured by a topology that consists of the congested links only. We show that for a network that is shared by TCP flows it is possible to achieve this kind of performance scaling. We also show that simulating a scaled topology can be up to two orders of magnitude faster than simulating the original topology.
Cerebral artery resistance is directly related to sympathetic nerve activity in men (2013)

Cerebral arterial resistance may play a role in determining the level of sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) at rest. We hypothesised that resistance to blood flow in the internal carotid, vertebral and the basilar arteries (ICA, VA, BA) is directly related to the level of muscle SNA (MSNA). In 4 men aged 20–52 years, blood flow in the ICA, VA and BA was measured using MR phase contrast imaging at 2 locations (1 cm below the VA convergence and 1 cm above) with simultaneous brachial blood pressure measurements (automated cuff). MSNA was measured via peroneal microneurography. Resistance in each vessel was calculated as mean arterial pressure/blood flow. Resting MSNA (30–82 bursts/100 heart beats) was positively related to vascular resistance in the left and right ICA (r = 0.87, r = 0.75, P&lt;0.05), right and left VA (r = 0.87, r = 0.85, P=0.05). There was a weak positive relationship between MSNA and vascular resistance in the BA (r = 0.40). In summary, men with high resistance to blood flow through the ICA and VA have high MSNA. Thus, cerebral arterial resistance might determine the set point of sympathetic activity. This is important since high levels of SNA observed in hypertensive patients may be due to elevated cerebral vascular resistance. British Heart Foundation funded.
Resampling (2014)

In previous chapters we considered the problem of reconstructing a continuous-time signal from its discrete set of samples. Consequently, the recovery systems we designed were of hybrid nature with discrete-time input and continuous-time output. In this chapter we demonstrate that sampling theory also plays a crucial role in the design of fully discrete-time algorithms. In particular, we treat applications in which one would like to obtain a sequence of samples of a signal from a different set of samples of the same signal. In such settings, both the input and the output are digital.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Sym004: A Novel Synergistic Anti–Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Antibody Mixture with Superior Anticancer Efficacy (2023)

Supplementary Figure 3 from Sym004: A Novel Synergistic Anti–Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Antibody Mixture with Superior Anticancer Efficacy
ChemInform Abstract: LADUNGSUEBERTRAGUNGSWECHSELWIRKUNG UND CHEMISCHE RK. 2. MITT. WECHSELWIRKUNG VON SYMM.‐TRIAMINOBENZOL MIT VERSCHIEDENEN ELEKTRONENAKZEPTOREN (1970)

Abstract Die Gleichgewichtskonstanten der (mm‐Komplexe bei Zimmertemperatur aus dem Amin (I) und Elektronenakzeptoren wie (II) werden aus den Absorptionsintensitäten und den Lagen der Peaks der Ladungsübertragungsbanden bestimmt.
Effects of Granule Size of MnZn Ferrite Particles on the Filling and Compaction Properties. (2001)

As for the manufacturing process of ferrite, it is of prime importance to uniformly fill granules into dies and to obtain uniform green compact. In this study, the effect of granule size on the filling and compaction behaviors has been studies for MnZn ferrite with special reference to the green microstructure. In the case that granule size is large, filled density of the die-leg decrease with the decrease of leg width of the die. On the contrary, in the case of smaller granules, the pressure at which the granules start to deform is lower than that of the larger granules, and the difference of green density between upper side and lower side shows an increase. The bending strength of green compact becomes large as granule size becomes small.
DFT Calculations and ROESY NMR Data for the Diastereochemical Characterization of Cytotoxic Tetraterpenoids from the Oleoresin of Abies balsamea (2015)

Eight non-carotenoid tetraterpenoids, abibalsamins C-J (3-10), were isolated from the oleoresin of Abies balsamea. Their chemical structures were determined based on analysis of 1D/2D NMR and MS data. The assignment of their relative configurations was accomplished using homonuclear coupling constants in tandem with ROESY data. However, the presence of two stereogenic centers on a flexible side chain complicated the characterization. In silico models and ROESY data were analyzed in order to assign relative configurations of the isolated tetraterpenoids. Abibalsamins B and H-J showed moderate cytotoxicity against human A549 lung carcinoma cells, with IC50 values ranging between 6.7 and 10 μM.
Effect of Antenna Distribution on Spectral and Energy Efficiency of Cell-Free Massive MIMO (2021)

Cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output systems are expected to provide faster and more robust connections to user equipments by cooperation of a massive number of distributed access points (APs), and to be one of the key technologies for beyond 5G. Recently, a measurement-based evaluation revealed that the performance of a semi-distributed deployment, where each AP has multiple antennas, is comparable to that of a fully-distributed deployment in terms of coverage in an indoor environment while reducing the number of APs. In this paper, we analyze the performance of various antenna distribution configurations, and show that semi-distributed deployments outperform fully-distributed deployment remarkably from both spectral and energy efficiency points of view. These characteristics of semi-distributed deployments enable us to construct more cost-effective networks, which is an important indicator to deploy the systems in real environment.
Radionuclide Sensors for Water Monitoring (Project Number: 70179) (2002)

Radionuclide contamination in the soil and groundwater at U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) sites is a severe problem requiring monitoring and remediation. Radionuclide measurement techniques are needed to monitor surface waters, groundwater, and process waters. Typically, water samples are collected and transported to the analytical laboratory where costly radiochemical analyses are performed. To date, there has been very little development of selective radionuclide sensors for alpha- and beta-emitting radionuclides such as {sup 90}Sr, {sup 99}Tc, and various actinides of interest. The objective of this project is to investigate novel sensor concepts and materials for sensitive and selective determination of beta- and alpha-emitting radionuclide contaminants in water. To meet the requirements for low-level, isotope-specific detection, the proposed sensors are based on radiometric detection. As a means to address the fundamental challenge of short ranges of beta and alpha particles in water, our overall approach is based on localization of preconcentration/separation chemistries directly on or within the active area of a radioactivity detector using automated microfluidics for sample manipulation and sensor regeneration or renewal. The outcome of these investigations will be the knowledge necessary to choose appropriate chemistries for selective preconcentration of radionuclides from environmental samples, new materials that combine chemical selectivity with scintillating properties, new materials that add chemical selectivity to solid-state diode detectors, new preconcentrating column sensors, and improved instrumentation and signal processing for selective radionuclide sensors. New knowledge will provide the basis for designing effective probes and instrumentation for field analytical chemistry.
Impact of puberty on the evolution of cerebral perfusion during adolescence (2014)

Puberty is the defining biological process of adolescent development, yet its effects on fundamental properties of brain physiology such as cerebral blood flow (CBF) have never been investigated. Capitalizing on a sample of 922 youths ages 8-22 y imaged using arterial spin labeled MRI as part of the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort, we studied normative developmental differences in cerebral perfusion in males and females, as well as specific associations between puberty and CBF. Males and females had conspicuously divergent nonlinear trajectories in CBF evolution with development as modeled by penalized splines. Seventeen brain regions, including hubs of the executive and default mode networks, showed a robust nonlinear age-by-sex interaction that surpassed Bonferroni correction. Notably, within these regions the decline in CBF was similar between males and females in early puberty and only diverged in midpuberty, with CBF actually increasing in females. Taken together, these results delineate sex-specific growth curves for CBF during youth and for the first time to our knowledge link such differential patterns of development to the effects of puberty.
Scanning of estrogen receptor α (ERα) and thyroid hormone receptor α (TRα) genes in patients with psychiatric diseases: Four missense mutations identified in ERα gene (2001)

Estrogen and thyroid hormones exert effects on growth, development, and differentiation of the nervous system. Hormone administration can lead to changes in behavior, suggesting that genetic variants of the estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) and the thyroid hormone receptor alpha (TRalpha) genes may predispose to psychiatric diseases. To investigate this possibility, regions of likely functional significance (all coding exons and flanking splice junctions) of the ERalpha and TRalpha genes were scanned in patients with schizophrenia (113), along with pilot studies in patients with bipolar illness (BPI), puerperal psychosis, autism, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and alcoholism. A total of 1.18 megabases of the ERalpha gene and 1.16 megabases of the TRalpha gene were scanned with Detection of Virtually All Mutations-SSCP (DOVAM-S), a method that detects virtually all mutations. Four missense mutations, seven silent mutations and one deletion were identified in the ERalpha gene, while only four silent mutations were present in the TRalpha gene. Two of the missense mutations in ERalpha are conserved in the six available mammalian and bird species (H6Y, K299R) and a third sequence variant (P146Q) is conserved in mammals, birds, and Xenopus laevis, hinting that these sequence changes will be of functional significance. These changes were found in one patient each with BPI, puerperal psychosis, and alcoholism, respectively. Analysis of the ERalpha and TRalpha genes in 240 subjects reveals that missense changes and splice site variants are uncommon (1.7% and 0%, respectively). Further analyses are necessary to determine if the missense mutations identified in this study are associated with predisposition or outcome for either psychiatric or nonpsychiatric diseases.
Radiation Resistance of SOI Pixel Devices Fabricated With OKI 0.15 $\mu {\rm m}$ FD-SOI Technology (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology is being investigated for monolithic pixel device fabrication. The SOI wafers by UNIBOND allow the silicon resistivity to be optimized separately for the electronics and detector parts. We have fabricated pixel detectors using fully depleted SOI (FD-SOI) technology provided by OKI Semiconductor Co. Ltd. The first pixel devices consisting of 32<formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\,\times\,$</tex></formula>32 matrix with 20 <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\mu {\rm m} \times \,$</tex></formula>20 <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\mu{\rm m}$</tex></formula> pixels were irradiated with <formula formulatype="inline"> <tex Notation="TeX">$^{60}{\rm Co}~\gamma $</tex></formula>'s up to 0.60 MGy and with 70-MeV protons up to 9.3<formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\,\times 10 ^{15}~{\rm p}/{\rm cm} ^{2}$</tex></formula>. The performance characterization was made on the electronics part and as a photon detector from the response to reset signals and to laser. The electronics operation was affected by radiation-induced charge accumulation in the oxide layers. Detailed evaluation of the characteristics changes in the transistors was separately carried out using transistor test structures to which a wider range of irradiation, from 0.12 kGy to 5.1 MGy, was made with <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$^{60}{\rm Co}~ \gamma $</tex></formula>'s. </para>
Rhesus EB cultures exhibit functional hemangioblast activity during hematopoietic differentiation (2006)

Journal of the American College of Surgeons 203(3):p S41-S42, September 2006. | DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2006.05.105
Spatial and frequency dependence of plasma currents in a 300 mm capacitively coupled plasma reactor (2006)

There is much interest in scaling rf-excited capacitively coupled plasma reactors to larger sizes and to higher frequencies. As the size approaches operating wavelength, concerns arise about non-uniformity across the work piece, particularly in light of the well-documented slow-surface-wave phenomenon. We present measurements and calculations of spatial and frequency dependence of rf magnetic fields inside argon plasma in an industrially relevant, 300 mm plasma-processing chamber. The results show distinct differences in the spatial distributions and harmonic content of rf fields in the plasma at the three frequencies studied (13.56, 60 and 176 MHz). Evidence of a slow-wave structure was not apparent. The results suggest that interaction between the plasma and the rf excitation circuit may strongly influence the structures of these magnetic fields and that this interaction is frequency dependent. At the higher frequencies, wave propagation becomes extremely complex; it is controlled by the strong electrical nonlinearity of the sheath and is not explained simply by previous models.
Does Somatostatin Have a Role in the Regulation of Cortisol Secretion in Primary Pigmented Nodular Adrenocortical Disease (PPNAD)? A Clinical and in Vitro Investigation (2014)

SSTRs are overexpressed in PPNAD tissues in comparison with normal adrenal cortex. Octreotide did not exert any significant effect on cortisol secretion in a short clinical pilot study in a small number of patients with PPNAD, but long-acting SST analogs targeting multiple SSTRs may be worth investigating in this condition.