gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An alternative approach of acousto-ultrasonic technique for monitoring material anisotropy of fiber-reinforced composites (1994)

An alternative acousto-ultrasonic (AU) technique has been developed for nondestructive evaluation (NDE) of fiber-reinforced composites. The technique measures the time of flight (TOF) of AU waves, instead of the stress wave factor, by two low-frequency (0.5 MHz) transducers and relates TOF to material properties and fiber orientation. As the transducer separation increases, the measured time-domain AU signals clearly separate into two groups, since the excitation is under the first critical frequency, which correspond to the first two fundamental modes of the Lamb waves. One is an antisymmetric mode with slower propagation velocity and is highly dispersive, while the other is a symmetric mode with faster propagation velocity, which is very close to that of the longitudinal bulk wave, and is nearly nondispersive. The phase velocity in the composites can be accurately determined from the slopes of the TOF curves, and depends strongly on the azimuthal angle, frequency, and plate thickness. If the wave propagates away from the fiber direction, a slower but more attenuated wave is observed. Phase-velocity curves in azimuthal angles were obtained for E-glass/polyester, S-2-glass/epoxy, and Kevlar 49 composites. The theoretical solutions, for the longitudinal bulk wave and Lamb wave, are obtained by solving an eigenproblem once the material mechanical properties are defined. Good agreement is obtained between the measurements and the theoretical calculations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Characterization of the type III capsular polysaccharide produced by Burkholderia pseudomallei (2010)

Burkholderia pseudomallei has been shown to produce more than one capsular polysaccharide (CPS). Analysis of the B. pseudomallei genome has revealed that the organism contains four CPS operons (I-IV). One of these operons (CPS III) was selected for further study. Comparative sequencing analysis revealed that the genes encoding CPS III are present in B. pseudomallei and Burkholderia thailandensis but not in Burkholderia mallei. In this study, CPS III was not found to contribute to the virulence of B. pseudomallei. Strains containing mutations in CPS III had the same LD(50) value as the wild-type when tested in an animal infection model. Production of CPS III was shown to be induced in water but inhibited in 30% normal human serum using a lux reporter fusion assay. Microarray analysis of capsule gene expression in infected hamsters revealed that the genes encoding CPS III were not significantly expressed in vivo compared with the genes encoding the previously characterized mannoheptose capsule (CPS I), which is an important virulence factor in B. pseudomallei. Glycosyl-composition analysis by combined GC/MS indicated that the CPS III genes are involved in the synthesis of a capsule composed of galactose, glucose, mannose and xylose.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Some Novel Prostanoids Based on a Tetrahydropyran Ring System. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Synthesis and Structure – Property Relationships for Regular Multigraft Copolymers (2004)

Abstract Multigraft copolymers with polyisoprene backbones and polystyrene branches, having multiple regularly spaced branch points, were synthesized by anionic polymerization high vacuum techniques and controlled chlorosilane linking chemistry. The functionality of the branch points (1, 2 and 4) can be controlled, through the choice of chlorosilane linking agent. The morphologies of the various graft copolymers were investigated by transmission electron microscopy and X‐ray scattering. It was concluded that the morphology of these complex architectures is governed by the behavior of the corresponding miktoarm star copolymer associated with each branch point (constituting block copolymer), which follows Milner's theoretical treatment for miktoarm stars. By comparing samples having the same molecular weight backbone and branches but different number of branches it was found that the extent of long range order decreases with increasing number of branch points. The stress‐strain properties in tension were investigated for some of these multigraft copolymers. For certain compositions thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) behavior was observed, and in many instances the elongation at break was much higher (2‐3X) than that of conventional triblock TPEs.
Science-Based Assessment of Source Materials for Cell-Based Medicines: Report of a Stakeholders Workshop (2018)

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have the potential to transform medicine. However, hurdles remain to ensure safety for such cellular products. Science-based understanding of the requirements for source materials is required as are appropriate materials. Leaders in hPSC biology, clinical translation, biomanufacturing and regulatory issues were brought together to define requirements for source materials for the production of hPSC-derived therapies and to identify other key issues for the safety of cell therapy products. While the focus of this meeting was on hPSC-derived cell therapies, many of the issues are generic to all cell-based medicines. The intent of this report is to summarize the key issues discussed and record the consensus reached on each of these by the expert delegates.
Contact patterns of older adults with and without frailty in the Netherlands during the COVID-19 pandemic (2023)

Abstract Background During the COVID-19 pandemic, social distancing measures were imposed to protect the population from exposure, especially older adults and people with frailty, who have the highest risk for severe outcomes. These restrictions greatly reduced contacts in the general population, but little was known about behaviour changes among older adults and people with frailty themselves. Our aim was to quantify how COVID-19 measures affected the contact behaviour of older adults and how this differed between older adults with and without frailty. Methods In 2021, a contact survey was carried out among people aged 70 years and older in the Netherlands. A random sample of persons per age group (70–74, 75–79, 80–84, 85–89, and 90+) and gender was invited to participate, either during a period with stringent (April 2021) or moderate (October 2021) measures. Participants provided general information on themselves, including their frailty, and they reported characteristics of all persons with whom they had face-to-face contact on a given day over the course of a full week. Results In total, 720 community-dwelling older adults were included (overall response rate of 15%), who reported 16,505 contacts. During the survey period with moderate measures, participants without frailty had significantly more contacts outside their household than participants with frailty. Especially for females, frailty was a more informative predictor of the number of contacts than age. During the survey period with stringent measures, participants with and without frailty had significantly lower numbers of contacts compared to the survey period with moderate measures. The reduction of the number of contacts was largest for the eldest participants without frailty. As they interact mostly with adults of a similar high age who are likely frail, this reduction of the number of contacts indirectly protects older adults with frailty from SARS-CoV-2 exposure. Conclusions The results of this study reveal that social distancing measures during the COVID-19 pandemic differentially affected the contact patterns of older adults with and without frailty. The reduction of contacts may have led to the direct protection of older adults in general but also to the indirect protection of older adults with frailty.
Piazza (2003)

The Semantic Web envisions a World Wide Web in which data is described with rich semantics and applications can pose complex queries. To this point, researchers have defined new languages for specifying meanings for concepts and developed techniques for reasoning about them, using RDF as the data model. To flourish, the Semantic Web needs to be able to accommodate the huge amounts of existing data and the applications operating on them. To achieve this, we are faced with two problems. First, most of the world's data is available not in RDF but in XML; XML and the applications consuming it rely not only on the domain structure of the data, but also on its document structure. Hence, to provide interoperability between such sources, we must map between both their domain structures and their document structures. Second, data management practitioners often prefer to exchange data through local point-to-point data translations, rather than mapping to common mediated schemas or ontologies.This paper describes the Piazza system, which addresses these challenges. Piazza offers a language for mediating between data sources on the Semantic Web, which maps both the domain structure and document structure. Piazza also enables interoperation of XML data with RDF data that is accompanied by rich OWL ontologies. Mappings in Piazza are provided at a local scale between small sets of nodes, and our query answering algorithm is able to chain sets mappings together to obtain relevant data from across the Piazza network. We also describe an implemented scenario in Piazza and the lessons we learned from it.
Dual-V/sub T/ SRAM cells with full-swing single-ended bit line sensing for high-performance on-chip cache in 0.13 μm technology generation (2002)

Comparisons among different dual-V/sub T/ design choices for a large on-chip cache with single-ended sensing show that the design using a dual-V/sub T/ cell and low-V/sub T/ peripheral circuits is the best, and provides 10% performance gain with 1.2x larger active leakage power, and 1.6% larger cell area compared to the best design using high-V/sub T/ cells.
Metoprolol Versus Sotalol in the Treatment of Sustained Ventricular Tachycardia (1995)

The efficacy of sotalol in the treatment of sustained ventricular arrhythmias has been proved; however, whether its antiarrhythmic effect is due to a beta-blocking activity, a class III antiarrhythmic activity, or a combination of both is not known. We conducted a prospective randomized study to compare the effects of metoprolol, a "pure" beta-blocking agent, and of sotalol, a beta-blocking agent with additional class III antiarrhythmic properties, in 34 consecutive patients with documented sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT) unrelated to transient causes. After undergoing baseline programmed electrical stimulation (PES-1) to assess arrhythmia inducibility, the patients were randomly assigned to a (double-blind) treatment of either metoprolol (16 patients) or sotalol (18 patients). Before the chronic regimen was initiated, arrhythmia inducibility was reassessed after the intravenous administration of either 0.15 mg/kg metoprolol or 1.5 mg/kg sotalol (PES-2), according to drug assignment. During the chronic oral regimen, a third PES (PES-3) was performed after a median follow-up of 72 days. Resting and exercise ECG, Holter monitoring and echocardiography were performed at baseline and during follow-up. During a 2-year follow-up, a non-fatal arrhythmia recurred in 1 patient of the metoprolol arm and in 5 patients of the sotalol arm; 1 patient in the latter group died suddenly 2 months after the recurrence, while receiving amiodarone therapy. Intention-to-treat analysis showed no difference in the incidence of arrhythmia recurrence, sudden death, or total mortality between the two groups. During PES-1, a sustained ventricular arrhythmia was inducible in 18 of 34 patients (53%), 8 in the metoprolol and 10 in the sotalol arm.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Low-Power Holmium Laser for the Management of Urinary Tract Calculi, Strictures, and Tumors (2001)

A low-power holmium laser supplies adequate fragmentation and incision power for virtually all endourologic cases. It also provides ablative power in most situations. The only current urologic application that cannot be performed with the low-power device is laser prostatic resection, which requires 60 to 80 W of power. The reduced-power holmium laser should be considered as a low-cost alternative for the management of urinary tract stones, strictures, and urothelial tumors, especially in centers where laser prostatic resection is not performed.
On sufficient conditions to keep differential flatness under the addition of new inputs (2010)

It is well known that a controllable nonlinear system will retain its controllabality when new actuator inputs are added to it. In this article, we ask the question if a system, linearisable by static or dynamic feedback, will retain this property when new actuator inputs are added to it. Alternatively, a system may be linearisable after removing one or more inputs from it. This question is important in the design of robotic systems from the perspective of trajectory planning and control, specially if they are under-actuated. The goals of this article are as follows: (i) using counter examples, we first show that feedback linearisability may not be preserved when new inputs are added to a robotic system, (ii) sufficient conditions are determined when a system will retain this property under the addition of new inputs. The theory is illustrated through some examples from the robotics field. ?? 2010 Taylor &amp; Francis.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structure‐Activity Relationships of Substituted 1,4‐ Dihydroquinoxaline‐2,3‐diones: Antagonists of N‐Methyl‐D‐aspartate ( NMDA) Receptor Glycine Sites and Non‐NMDA Glutamate Receptors. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Gut Antibiotic Inactivation by Β-Lactamases Is Intended to Prevent Microbiome Damage and Attenuate Antibiotic Resistance in Large Animal Models (2017)

Exposure of the gut microbiome to antibiotics can harm the microbiota and lead to antibiotic resistance. SYN-004 (ribaxamase) is a clinical-stage, oral β-lactamase enzyme intended to preserve the gut microbiome by inactivating certain IV β-lactam antibiotics in the GI tract without affecting antibiotic infection control efficacy. The use of ribaxamase for microbiome protection from both IV and orally-delivered antibiotics was explored using two large animal models of antibiotic-mediated gut dysbiosis. Ribaxamase was manufactured as enteric-coated pellets for pH-mediated release in the upper GI tract. New formulations, named SYN-007, were engineered to be released in the GI tract at a point distal to oral antibiotic absorption. Ribaxamase and SYN-007 were evaluated in a pig model of antibiotic-mediated microbiome disruption, and SYN-007 was evaluated in dogs. Pigs were treated with ceftriaxone (CRO; IV, 50 mg/kg, SID) or amoxicillin (AMX; PO, 20 mg/kg, BID) for 7 days +/- ribaxamase (PO, 75 mg, QID). Dogs received AMX (80 mg/kg, PO) +/- SYN-007 (10 mg, PO). Serum antibiotic levels were measured via HPLC or LC/MS, and fecal DNA whole genome shotgun (WGS) sequence analyses were performed. In pigs, ribaxamase protected the gut microbiome from IV CRO and oral AMX and reduced propagation of antibiotic resistance genes. Ribaxamase had no effect on CRO serum levels. In contrast, AMX was not detected in the serum when delivered with ribaxamase indicating that AMX was degraded in the GI tract prior to its absorption. Delivery of delayed-release SYN-007 with oral AMX in dogs did not affect AMX absorption, as AMX serum pharmacokinetics (PK) was similar with and without SYN-007. Ribaxamase protected the gut microflora in pigs from damage caused by IV CRO and reduced the emergence of antibiotic resistance genes. SYN-007, a novel formulation designed to target enzyme release distal to the site of AMX absorption, did not affect AMX serum levels in dogs, indicating that the β-lactamase was not released prior to AMX absorption. SYN-007 has the potential to expand microbiome protection via antibiotic inactivation to include oral as well as IV β-lactam antibiotics. S. Connelly, Synthetic Biologics, Inc.: Employee, Salary. C. Furlan-Freguia, Synthetic Biologics, Inc.: Employee and Shareholder, Salary and Stock Options. P. Subramanian, CosmosID, Inc.: Employee, Salary. N. A. Hasan, CosmosID, Inc.: Employee, Salary. R. R. Colwell, CosmosID, Inc.: Employee, Salary. M. Kaleko, Synthetic Biologics, Inc.: Employee and Shareholder, Salary and stock options
Localized Accumulation of Tau without Amyloid-Beta in Aged Brains Measured with [11C]PBB3 and [11C]Pib Positron Emission Tomography (2017)

Objective: Different regional specificity in tau accumulation is well known in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brains. However, little is known about such distribution in aging brains and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) brains. Methods: Cognitive functions and regional accumulation of tau and amyloid β (Aβ) were evaluated in 13 healthy controls (HCs), 3 patients with MCI and 4 AD patients. Tau and Aβ accumulation was semi-quantitatively measured with positron emission tomography (PET) using [11C]pyridinyl-butadienyl-benzothiazole 3 (PBB3) and [11C]Pittsburgh compound-B (PiB). Results: Age-dependent accumulation of tau was found in all predetermined regions characteristic of AD, especially in the parahippocampal gyrus, lateral temporal cortex, frontal cortex, and posterior cingulate gyrus, where age-dependency was statistically significant. In contrast, age-dependency in accumulation of Aβ was not observed in most regions assessed in HC. Moreover, the accumulation of tau in regions characteristic of AD in MCI patients was higher than that in HC, whereas tau accumulation was highest and statistically significant in AD patients. Unlike HC, the accumulation of tau was accompanied by that of Aβ in patients with MCI and AD. Conclusion: Mild and age-dependent accumulation of tau without Aβ was found in AD-related areas in aging brains. Considering age as a major risk for AD, higher accumulation of tau may trigger the neurodegenerative process of AD.
A modeling study of the TPC-C benchmark (1993)

The TPC-C benchmark is a new benchmark approved by the TPC council intended for comparing database platforms running a medium complexity transaction processing workload. Some key aspects in which this new benchmark differs from the TPC-A benchmark are in having several transaction types, some of which are more complex than that in TPC-A, and in having data access skew. In this paper we present results from a modelling study of the TPC-C benchmark for both single node and distributed database management systems. We simulate the TPC-C workload to determine expected buffer miss rates assuming an LRU buffer management policy. These miss rates are then used as inputs to a throughput model. From these models we show the following: (i) We quantify the data access skew as specified in the benchmark and show what fraction of the accesses go to what fraction of the data. (ii) We quantify the resulting buffer hit ratios for each relation as a function of buffer size. (iii) We show that close to linear scale-up (about 3% from the ideal) can be achieved in a distributed system, assuming replication of a read-only table. (iv) We examine the effect of packing hot tuples into pages and show that significant price/performance benefit can be thus achieved. (v) Finally, by coupling the buffer simulations with the throughput model, we examine typical disk/memory configurations that maximize the overall price/performance.
[Combination therapy of continuous venous infusion (CVI) of 5-FU and low dose consecutive cisplatin (CDDP), and the new oral anti-cancer drug S-1 for advanced gastro-intestinal cancer]. (1999)

Highly effective treatment is required for patients with advanced GI cancer. Returning to the starting point for reconsideration of cancer chemotherapy, with the aim of attaining a therapy (self rescuing concept: SRC) with more potential efficacy and less toxicity than current therapy, we report two kinds of chemotherapy in the present paper. They were set up preclinically using the theory of 5-FU biochemical modulation, and demonstrated their usefulness in clinical practice. S-1 is a newly developed oral anti-cancer drug which is a combination of Tegafur (FT), a prodrug of 5-FU and two modulators (CDHP, an inhibitor of 5-FU degradation and Oxo, a selective inhibitor GI toxicity by 5-FU) at a molar ratio of 1:0.4:1. In combination with CDHP, 5-FU gradually released from FT remained longer in plasma, and consequently had high anti-tumor activity, while the combined Oxo significantly suppressed GI toxicity due to 5-FU. The response rate to S-1 of stomach cancer in a phase II study was 46.5% (60/129). Toxicity at more than G3 was less than 10%. In the combination therapy employing 5-FU by CVI (5-FU: 250-350 mg/body for 24 h, 4-6 wks) and low dose consecutive CDDP, CDDP acts mainly as a modulator of 5-FU (to increase 5-FU sensitivity for tumor by inhibition of intracellular Met incorporation). For this purpose, it was found that daily consecutive administration is required, even at low dose of CDDP (3-5 mg/body/day for 5 days). A high response rate (40-60%) was obtained for advanced GI cancer. Toxicity at more than G3 was less than 10%. On the other hand, the possibility has been suggested that so far as 5-FU is concerned, CVI every other day (500-750 mg/body/day for 3 days) is more favorable than long term CVI, with regard to decreasing GI and myelotoxicities based upon the difference in generation time between normal cell (GI mucous membrane and stem cell) and tumor cell cycles. The possibility is suggested that the above-mentioned chemotherapy can become a standard therapy for GI cancer.
Interleukin 1α: a comprehensive review on the role of IL-1α in the pathogenesis and treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases (2021)

The interleukin (IL)-1 family member IL-1α is a ubiquitous and pivotal pro-inflammatory cytokine. The IL-1α precursor is constitutively present in nearly all cell types in health, but is released upon necrotic cell death as a bioactive mediator. IL-1α is also expressed by infiltrating myeloid cells within injured tissues. The cytokine binds the IL-1 receptor 1 (IL-1R1), as does IL-1β, and induces the same pro-inflammatory effects. Being a bioactive precursor released upon tissue damage and necrotic cell death, IL-1α is central to the pathogenesis of numerous conditions characterized by organ or tissue inflammation. These include conditions affecting the lung and respiratory tract, dermatoses and inflammatory skin disorders, systemic sclerosis, myocarditis, pericarditis, myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, inflammatory thrombosis, as well as complex multifactorial conditions such as COVID-19, vasculitis and Kawasaki disease, Behcet's syndrome, Sjogren Syndrome, and cancer. This review illustrates the clinical relevance of IL-1α to the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, as well as the rationale for the targeted inhibition of this cytokine for treatment of these conditions. Three biologics are available to reduce the activities of IL-1α; the monoclonal antibody bermekimab, the IL-1 soluble receptor rilonacept, and the IL-1 receptor antagonist anakinra. These advances in mechanistic understanding and therapeutic management make it incumbent on physicians to be aware of IL-1α and of the opportunity for therapeutic inhibition of this cytokine in a broad spectrum of diseases.