gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Extreme Imaging and Beyond (Presentation Recording) (2015)

Imaging is an effective tool in scientific research, manufacturing, and medical practice. However, despite its importance, it is not easy to observe dynamical events that occur much faster or slower than the human time scale (found in photochemistry, phononics, fluidics, MEMS, and tribology). Unfortunately, traditional methods for imaging fall short in visualizing them due to their technical limitations. In this talk, I will introduce radically different approaches to imaging. I will first discuss ultrafast imaging and then talk about ultraslow imaging. I will show how these imaging tools help us better understand dynamical processes.
ChemInform Abstract: β‐1,2,3‐Triazolyl‐Nucleosides as Nicotinamide Riboside Mimics. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
HIF-1α regulates epithelial inflammation by cell autonomous NFκB activation and paracrine stromal remodeling (2008)

Hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is a master regulatory transcription factor controlling multiple cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous processes, such as metabolism, angiogenesis, matrix invasion, and cancer metastasis. Here we used a new line of transgenic mice with constitutive gain of HIF-1 function in basal keratinocytes and demonstrated a signaling pathway from HIF-1 to nuclear factor kappa B (NFkappaB) activation to enhanced epithelial chemokine and cytokine elaboration. This pathway was responsible for a phenotypically silent accumulation of stromal inflammatory cells and a marked inflammatory hypersensitivity to a single 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) challenge. HIF-1-induced NFkappaB activation was composed of 2 elements, IkappaB hyperphosphorylation and phosphorylation of Ser276 on p65, enhancing p65 nuclear localization and transcriptional activity, respectively. NFkappaB transcriptional targets macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2/CXCL2/3), keratinocyte chemokine (KC/CXCL1), and tumor necrosis factor [alfa] (TNFalpha) were constitutively up-regulated and further increased after TPA challenge both in cultured keratinocytes and in transgenic mice. Whole animal KC, MIP-2, or TNFalpha immunodepletion each abrogated TPA-induced inflammation, whereas blockade of either VEGF or placenta growth factor (PlGF) signaling did not affect transgenic inflammatory hyper-responsiveness. Thus, epithelial HIF-1 gain of function remodels the local environment by cell-autonomous NFkappaB-mediated chemokine and cytokine secretion, which may be another mechanism by which HIF-1 facilitates either inflammatory diseases or malignant progression.
Prospective Evaluation of 18F-DCFPyL PET/CT in Detection of High-Risk Localized Prostate Cancer: Comparison With mpMRI (2020)

<b>OBJECTIVE.</b> The purpose of this study was to assess the utility of PET with (2<i>S</i>)-2-[[(1<i>S</i>)-1-carboxy-5-[(6-(<sup>18</sup>F)fluoranylpyridine-3-carbonyl)amino]pentyl]carbamoylamino]pentanedioic acid (<sup>18</sup>F-DCFPyL), a prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted radiotracer, in the detection of high-risk localized prostate cancer as compared with multiparametric MRI (mpMRI). <b>SUBJECTS AND METHODS.</b> This HIPAA-compliant prospective study included 26 consecutive patients with localized high-risk prostate cancer (median age, 69.5 years [range, 53-81 years]; median prostate-specific antigen [PSA] level, 18.88 ng/mL [range, 1.03-20.00 ng/mL]) imaged with <sup>18</sup>F-DCFPyL PET/CT and mpMRI. Images from PET/CT and mpMRI were evaluated separately, and suspicious areas underwent targeted biopsy. Lesion-based sensitivity and tumor detection rate were compared for PSMA PET and mpMRI. Standardized uptake value (SUV) and PSMA PET parameters were correlated with histopathology score, and uptake in tumor was compared with that in nonmalignant tissue. On a patient level, SUV and PSMA tumor volume were correlated with PSA density. <b>RESULTS.</b> Forty-four tumors (one in Gleason grade [GG] group 1, 12 in GG group 2, seven in GG group 3, nine in GG group 4, and 15 in GG group 5) were identified at histopathology. Sensitivity and tumor detection rate of <sup>18</sup>F-DCFPyL PET/CT and mpMRI were similar (PET/CT, 90.9% and 80%; mpMRI, 86.4% and 88.4%; <i>p</i> = 0.58/0.17). Total lesion PSMA and PSMA tumor volume showed a relationship with GG (τ = 0.27 and <i>p</i> = 0.08, τ = 0.30 and <i>p</i> = 0.06, respectively). Maximum SUV in tumor was significantly higher than that in nonmalignant tissue (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Tumor burden density moderately correlated with PSA density (<i>r</i> = 0.47, <i>p</i> = 0.01). Five true-positive tumors identified on <sup>18</sup>F-DCFPyL PET/CT were not identified on mpMRI. <b>CONCLUSION.</b> In patients with high-risk prostate cancer, <sup>18</sup>F-DCFPyL PET/CT is highly sensitive in detecting intraprostatic tumors and can detect tumors missed on mpMRI. Measured uptake is significantly higher in tumor tissue, and PSMA-derived tumor burden is associated with severity of disease.
Naringenin‐responsive riboswitch‐based fluorescent biosensor module for Escherichia coli co‐cultures (2017)

The ability to design and construct combinatorial synthetic metabolic pathways has far exceeded our capacity for efficient screening and selection of the resulting microbial strains. The need for high-throughput rapid screening techniques is of upmost importance for the future of synthetic biology and metabolic engineering. Here we describe the development of an RNA riboswitch-based biosensor module with dual fluorescent reporters, and demonstrate a high-throughput flow cytometry-based screening method for identification of naringenin over producing Escherichia coli strains in co-culture. Our efforts helped identify a number of key operating parameters that affect biosensor performance, including the selection of promoter and linker elements within the sensor-actuator domain, and the effect of host strain, fermentation time, and growth medium on sensor dynamic range. The resulting biosensor demonstrates a high correlation between specific fluorescence of the biosensor strain and naringenin titer produced by the second member of the synthetic co-culture system. This technique represents a novel application for synthetic microbial co-cultures and can be expanded from naringenin to any metabolite if a suitable riboswitch is identified. The co-culture technique presented here can be applied to a variety of target metabolites in combination with the SELEX approach for aptamer design. Due to the compartmentalization of the two genetic constructs responsible for production and detection into separate cells and application as independent modules of a synthetic microbial co-culture we have subsequently reduced the need for re-optimization of the producer module when the biosensor is replaced or removed. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 2235-2244. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Improved Liver Delivery of Primaquine by Phospholipid-Free Small Unilamellar Vesicles with Reduced Hemolytic Toxicity (2021)

Hemolytic toxicity caused by primaquine (PQ) is a high-risk condition that hampers the wide use of PQ to treat liver-stage malaria. This study demonstrated that phospholipid-free small unilamellar vesicles (PFSUVs) composed of Tween80 and cholesterol could encapsulate and deliver PQ to the hepatocytes with reduced exposure to the red blood cells (RBCs). Nonionic surfactant (Tween80) and cholesterol-forming SUVs with a mean diameter of 50 nm were fabricated for delivering PQ. Drug release/retention, drug uptake by RBCs, pharmacokinetics, and liver uptake of PFSUVs-PQ were evaluated in <i>in</i><i>vitro</i> and <i>in</i><i>vivo</i> models in comparison to free drugs. Additionally, the stress effect on RBCs induced by free PQ and PFSUVs-PQ was evaluated by examining RBC morphology. PFSUVs provided >95% encapsulation efficiency for PQ at a drug-to-lipid ratio of 1:20 (w/w) and stably retained the drug in the presence of serum. When incubated with RBCs, PQ uptake in the PFSUVs group was reduced by 4- to 8-folds compared to free PQ. As a result, free PQ induced significant RBC morphology changes, while PFSUVs-PQ showed no such adverse effect. Intravenously (i.v.) delivered PFSUVs-PQ produced a comparable plasma profile as free PQ, given i.v. and orally, while the liver uptake was increased by 4.8 and 1.6-folds, respectively, in mice. Within the liver, PFSUVs selectively targeted the hepatocytes, with no significant blood or liver toxicity in mice. PFSUVs effectively targeted PQ to the liver and reduced RBC uptake compared to free PQ, leading to reduced RBC toxicity. PFSUVs exhibited potential in improving the efficacy of PQ for treating liver-stage malaria.
P07.02: Alternative approach for in utero placement of a vesicoamniotic shunt in a case of fetal gastroschisis and lower urinary tract obstruction (2015)

Supporting information can be found in the online version of this abstract Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Karhunen–Loéve expansion of the derivative of an inhomogeneous process (1994)

The properties of the Karhunen–Loéve (KL) expansion of the derivative ux(x) of an inhomogeneous random process possessing viscous boundary-layer behavior are studied in relation to questions of efficient representation for numerical Galerkan schemes for computational simulation of turbulence. Eigenfunctions and eigenvalue spectra are calculated for the randomly forced one-dimensional Burgers’ model of turbulence. Convergence of the expansion of ux is much slower than convergence of the expansion of u(x), and direct expansion of ux is not significantly more efficient than differentiating the expansion of u. The ordered eigenvalue spectrum of ux is proportional to the square of the order parameter times the eigenvalue spectrum of u. The underlying cause of slow convergence is the earlier onset of locally sinusoidal behavior of the KL eigenfunctions when the expansion is performed over the entire domain of the solution.
On the Sample Complexity of Multichannel Frequency Estimation via Convex Optimization (2017)

The use of multichannel data in line spectral estimation (or frequency estimation) is common for improving the estimation accuracy in array processing, structural health monitoring, wireless communications, and more. Recently proposed atomic norm methods have attracted considerable attention due to their provable superiority in accuracy, flexibility and robustness compared with conventional approaches. In this paper, we analyze atomic norm minimization for multichannel frequency estimation from noiseless compressive data, showing that the sample size per channel that ensures exact estimation decreases with the increase of the number of channels under mild conditions. In particular, given $L$ channels, order $K\left(\log K\right) \left(1+\frac{1}{L}\log N\right)$ samples per channel, selected randomly from $N$ equispaced samples, suffice to ensure with high probability exact estimation of $K$ frequencies that are normalized and mutually separated by at least $\frac{4}{N}$. Numerical results are provided corroborating our analysis.
ChemInform Abstract: The Taxane Diterpenoids (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Editorial Comments (1989)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Oct 1989Editorial Comments Jacob Rajfer Jacob RajferJacob Rajfer More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)54854-5AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Editorial Comments." The Journal of Urology, 142(4), pp. 1001–1002 © 1989 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 142Issue 4October 1989Page: 1001-1002 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1989 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Jacob Rajfer More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Synthesis of ZnO particles in a quench‐cooled flame reactor (2001)

Abstract The quench cooling of a flame by injection of cold air was studied in a flame reactor for the formation of ZnO particles in a premixed flame with a precursor jet. A rapid temperature drop downstream from the temperature peak is advantageous for the attainment of a large specific surface area. Computational fluid dynamics simulations were used to design a quench ring with nozzles directed slightly upward and at a small tangential angle from the direct line to the center. This novel design avoids distortion of the flow pattern below the quenching plane and effectively cools the flame immediately above. At the highest tested production rate, the specific surface area of the ZnO particles increases from 20 to 60 m 2 /g when quenching is employed. The particles are characterized by BET surface area measurements, TEM images, and the size distributions of particle aggregates are measured by a scanning mobility particle sizer.
Evaluation of Change in Muscle Activity as a Result of Posterior Lumbar Spine Surgery Using a Dynamic Modeling System (2010)

Preservation of the paraspinal musculature associated with minimally invasive surgical approaches to the lumbar better preserve postoperative muscle activity. This study suggests that there is a positive correlation between the reduction of paraspinal muscle cross-sectional area following posterior lumbar spine surgery and the alteration in trunk muscle activity.
Pure and Oxidized Copper Materials as Potential Antimicrobial Surfaces for Spaceflight Activities (2017)

Microbial biofilms can lead to persistent infections and degrade a variety of materials, and they are notorious for their persistence and resistance to eradication. During long-duration space missions, microbial biofilms present a danger to crew health and spacecraft integrity. The use of antimicrobial surfaces provides an alternative strategy for inhibiting microbial growth and biofilm formation to conventional cleaning procedures and the use of disinfectants. Antimicrobial surfaces contain organic or inorganic compounds, such as antimicrobial peptides or copper and silver, that inhibit microbial growth. The efficacy of wetted oxidized copper layers and pure copper surfaces as antimicrobial agents was tested by applying cultures of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus cohnii to these metallic surfaces. Stainless steel surfaces were used as non-inhibitory control surfaces. The production of reactive oxygen species and membrane damage increased rapidly within 1 h of exposure on pure copper surfaces, but the effect on cell survival was negligible even after 2 h of exposure. However, longer exposure times of up to 4 h led to a rapid decrease in cell survival, whereby the survival of cells was additionally dependent on the exposed cell density. Finally, the release of metal ions was determined to identify a possible correlation between copper ions in suspension and cell survival. These measurements indicated a steady increase of free copper ions, which were released indirectly by cells presumably through excreted complexing agents. These data indicate that the application of antimicrobial surfaces in spaceflight facilities could improve crew health and mitigate material damage caused by microbial contamination and biofilm formation. Furthermore, the results of this study indicate that cuprous oxide layers were superior to pure copper surfaces related to the antimicrobial effect and that cell density is a significant factor that influences the time dependence of antimicrobial activity. Key Words: Contact killing-E. coli-S. cohnii-Antimicrobial copper surfaces-Copper oxide layers-Human health-Planetary protection. Astrobiology 17, 1183-1191.
Generating kW laser light at 532 nm via second harmonic generation of a high power Yb-doped fiber amplifier (2020)

We present the development of a high-power laser source operating at 532 nm produced by frequency doubling a Ybdoped fiber amplifier. The fiber amplifier has a multistage design, and uses large mode area Yb-doped fibers as the gain medium to produce &gt; 2 kW of laser power at 1064 nm. The amplifier design is optimized to reduce non-linear effects, and operates at linewidths as narrow as 45 GHz. By focusing the fiber amplifier output into an LBO crystal, more than 1 kW of 532 nm light is produced. Single pass conversion efficiencies as high as 54% are achieved providing a unique combination of high power and high quality 532 nm laser source. The 532 nm laser is fiber coupled, making it an ideal source for industrial applications.
Evaporation‐Directed Crack‐Patterning of Metal–Organic Framework Colloidal Films and Their Application as Photonic Sensors (2017)

Abstract A straightforward crack‐patterning method is reported allowing the direct formation of periodic cracks in metal–organic framework (MOF) nanoparticle films during dip‐coating deposition. The crack propagation and periodicity can be easily tailored by controlling the evaporation front and the withdrawal speed. Several MOF‐patterned films can be fabricated on large surfaces and on several substrates (flat, curved or flexible) including the inner surface of a tube, not achievable by other lithographic techniques. We demonstrate that the periodic cracked arrays diffract light and, due to the MOF sorption properties, photonic vapor sensors are fabricated. A new concept of “in‐tube”, MOF‐based diffraction grating sensors is proposed with outstanding sensitivity that can be easily tuned “on‐demand” as function of the desired detection range.
Charged OFETS: Tuning of threshold voltage and off-current of organic transistors for adaptable circuits and amplifiers (2008)

Printing processes like gravure and off-set are being developed for flexible logic circuits. Different devices with consistent properties are needed in single circuits. This can be achieved by embedding preset, tuning charges in the Organic Field Effect Transistor (OFET) gate dielectric. If desired, contrasting characteristics can be obtained for different devices in the same way. This reduces the number of steps involved in the printing process and makes the process more energy efficient. In this article we show shifting of threshold voltage by charging with a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) electron source. Writing specific amounts of charge on the dielectric and a corresponding shift in threshold voltage is seen. The sample preparation will be discussed in detail elsewhere.
Review Of Even Element Super-Heavy Nuclei And Search For Element 120 (2016)

The reaction 54Cr + 248Cm was investigated at the velocity filter SHIP at GSI, Darmstadt, with the intention to study production and decay properties of isotopes of element 120. Three correlated signals were measured, which occurred within a period of 279 ms. The heights of the signals correspond with the expectations for a decay sequence starting with an isotope of element 120. However, a complete decay chain cannot be established, since a signal from the implantation of the evaporation residue cannot be identified unambiguously. Measured properties of the event chain are discussed in detail. The result is compared with theoretical predictions. Previously measured decay properties of even element super-heavy nuclei were compiled in order to find arguments for an assignment from the systematics of experimental data. In the course of this review, a few tentatively assigned data could be corrected. New interpretations are given for results which could not be assigned definitely in previous studies. The discussion revealed that the cross-section for production of element 120 could be high enough so that a successful Experiment seems possible with presently available techniques. However, a continuation of the experiment at SHIP for a necessary confirmation of the results obtained in a relatively short irradiation of five weeks is not possible at GSI presently. Therefore, we decided to publish the results of the measurement and of the review as they exist now. In the summary and outlook section we also present concepts for the continuation of Research in the field of super-heavy nuclei.
Effective elastic modulus of isolated gecko setal arrays (2006)

Conventional pressure sensitive adhesives (PSAs) are fabricated from soft viscoelastic materials that satisfy Dahlquist's criterion for tack with a Young's modulus (E) of 100 kPa or less at room temperature and 1 Hz. In contrast, the adhesive on the toes of geckos is made of beta-keratin, a stiff material with E at least four orders of magnitude greater than the upper limit of Dahlquist's criterion. Therefore, one would not expect a beta-keratin structure to function as a PSA by deforming readily to make intimate molecular contact with a variety of surface profiles. However, since the gecko adhesive is a microstructure in the form of an array of millions of high aspect ratio shafts (setae), the effective elastic modulus (E(eff)) is much lower than E of bulk beta-keratin. In the first test of the E(eff) of a gecko setal adhesive, we measured the forces resulting from deformation of isolated arrays of tokay gecko (Gekko gecko) setae during vertical compression, and during tangential compression at angles of +45 degrees and -45 degrees . We tested the hypothesis that E(eff) of gecko setae falls within Dahlquist's criterion for tack, and evaluated the validity of a model of setae as cantilever beams. Highly linear forces of deformation under all compression conditions support the cantilever model. E(eff) of setal arrays during vertical and +45 degrees compression (along the natural path of drag of the setae) were 83+/-4.0 kPa and 86+/-4.4 kPa (means +/- s.e.m.), respectively. Consistent with the predictions of the cantilever model, setae became significantly stiffer when compressed against the natural path of drag: E(eff) during -45 degrees compression was 110+/-4.7 kPa. Unlike synthetic PSAs, setal arrays act as Hookean elastic solids; setal arrays function as a bed of springs with a directional stiffness, assisting alignment of the adhesive spatular tips with the contact surface during shear loading.
Orbital Mixer: Using Atomic Orbital Features for Basis-Dependent Prediction of Molecular Wavefunctions (2022)

Leveraging ab initio data at scale has enabled the development of machine learning models capable of extremely accurate and fast molecular property prediction. A central paradigm of many previous studies focuses on generating predictions for only a fixed set of properties. Recent lines of research instead aim to explicitly learn the electronic structure via molecular wavefunctions, from which other quantum chemical properties can be directly derived. While previous methods generate predictions as a function of only the atomic configuration, in this work we present an alternate approach that directly purposes basis-dependent information to predict molecular electronic structure. Our model, Orbital Mixer, is composed entirely of multi-layer perceptrons (MLPs) using MLP-Mixer layers within a simple, intuitive, and scalable architecture that achieves competitive Hamiltonian and molecular orbital energy and coefficient prediction accuracies compared to the state-of-the-art.