gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thickness Mapping of Eleven Retinal Layers in Normal Eyes Using Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (2013)

Purpose. This study was conducted to determine the thickness map of eleven retinal layers in normal subjects by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and evaluate their association with sex and age. Methods. Mean regional retinal thickness of 11 retinal layers were obtained by automatic three-dimensional diffusion-map-based method in 112 normal eyes of 76 Iranian subjects. Results. The thickness map of central foveal area in layer 1, 3, and 4 displayed the minimum thickness (P&lt;0.005 for all). Maximum thickness was observed in nasal to the fovea of layer 1 (P&lt;0.001) and in a circular pattern in the parafoveal retinal area of layers 2, 3 and 4 and in central foveal area of layer 6 (P&lt;0.001). Temporal and inferior quadrants of the total retinal thickness and most of other quadrants of layer 1 were significantly greater in the men than in the women. Surrounding eight sectors of total retinal thickness and a limited number of sectors in layer 1 and 4 significantly correlated with age. Conclusion. SD-OCT demonstrated the three-dimensional thickness distribution of retinal layers in normal eyes. Thickness of layers varied with sex and age and in different sectors. These variables should be considered while evaluating macular thickness.
Modularity of Motor Output Evoked By Intraspinal Microstimulation in Cats (2004)

We studied the forces produced at the cat's hindpaw by microstimulation of the ipsi- and contralateral lumbar spinal cord in spinal intact alpha-chloralose anesthetized (n = 3) or decerebrate (n = 3) animals. Isometric force and EMG responses were measured at 9-12 limb configurations, with the paw attached to a force transducer and with the hip and femur fixed. The active forces elicited at different limb configurations were summarized as force fields representing the sagittal plane component of the forces produced at the paw throughout the workspace. The forces varied in amplitude over time but the orientations were stable, and the pattern of an active force field was invariant through time. The active force fields divided into four distinct types, and a few of the fields showed convergence to an equilibrium point. The fields were generally produced by coactivation of the hindlimb muscles. In addition, some of the fields were consistent with known spinal reflexes and the stimulation sites producing them were in laminae where the interneurons associated with those reflexes are known to be located. Muscle activation produced by intraspinal stimulation, as assessed by intramuscular EMG activity, was modified with limb configuration, suggesting that the responses were not fixed, but were modified by position-dependent sensory feedback. The force responses may represent basic outputs of the spinal circuitry and may be related to similar spinal primitives found in the frog and rat.
Faceting of a quasi-two-dimensional GaAs crystal in nanoscale patterned growth (2008)

The faceting of a quasi-two-dimensional nanoscale crystal (quasi-2D nanocrystal) grown by metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy is reported. Homoepitaxial selective growth is performed on a 200nm wide, [110]-directed stripe opening fabricated in a 30nm thick SiO2 film atop a GaAs(001) substrate. In the cross section perpendicular to the stripe opening, a selectively grown epilayer is regarded as a quasi-2D nanocrystal, which is close to a hexagonal shape symmetrically surrounded with (111)B-, (110)- and (111)A-type facets from the top as growth proceeds both vertically and laterally. The resulting faceting is interpreted on the basis of equilibrium crystal shape (ECS). The comparison of the observed crystal shape with theoretical modeling enables the measurement of the relative surface energies of the low index orientations. The ECS of a GaAs 2D crystal under the given growth conditions is proposed.
Side-Chain Pairing Preferences in the Parallel Coiled-Coil Dimer Motif: Insight on Ion Pairing between Core and Flanking Sites (2010)

A new strategy for rapid evaluation of sequence-stability relationships in the parallel coiled-coil motif is described. The experimental design relies upon thiol-thioester exchange equilibria, an approach that is particularly well suited to examination of heterodimeric systems. Our model system has been benchmarked by demonstrating that it can quantitatively reproduce previously reported trends in interhelical a-a' side-chain pairing preferences at the coiled-coil interface. This new tool has been used to explore the role of Coulombic interactions between a core position on one helix and a flanking position on the other helix (a-g'). This type of interhelical contact has received relatively little attention to date. Our results indicate that such interactions can influence coiled-coil partner preferences.
2D Particles at Fluid–Fluid Interfaces: Assembly and Templating of Hybrid Structures for Advanced Applications (2018)

Fluid-fluid interfaces have widespread applications in personal care products, the food industry, oil recovery, mineral processes, etc. and are also important and versatile platforms for generating advanced materials. In Pickering emulsions, particles stabilize the fluid-fluid interface, and their presence reduces the interfacial energy between the two fluids. To date, most Pickering emulsions stabilized by 2D particles make use of clay platelets or GO nanosheets. These systems have been used to template higher order hybrid, functional materials, most commonly, armored polymer particles, capsules, and Janus nanosheets. This review discusses the experimental and computational study of the assembly of sheet-like 2D particles at fluid-fluid interfaces, with an emphasis on the impact of chemical composition, and the use of these assemblies to prepare composite structures of dissimilar materials. The review culminates in a perspective on the future of Pickering emulsions using 2D particle surfactants, including new chemical modification and types of particles as well as the realization of properties and applications not possible with currently accessible systems, such as lubricants, porous structures, delivery, coatings, etc.
Reduced Systemic Heparin Dose with Phosphorylcholine Coated Closed Circuit in Coronary Operations (2004)

In this prospective cohort study we addressed the clinical impact of a reduced anticoagulation protocol on the hospital outcome of patients undergoing coronary revascularization with cardiopulmonary bypass. 364 consecutive low to moderate risk patients scheduled for elective isolated coronary operations were admitted to the study. 184 patients (Control Group) received conventional open circuits and full systemic anticoagulation (target activated clotting time 480 seconds); 180 patients (Intraoperative ECMO group) received closed, phosphorylcholine coated circuits and a reduced systemic heparin dose (target activated clotting time 320 seconds). Patients of the Intraoperative ECMO group had less requirement for allogeneic blood products (odds ratio 0.55, 95% confidence interval 0.34-0.92, p = 0.02), a significant containment of blood loss (374 +/- 278 mL vs. 463 +/- 321 mL in Control group, p = 0.005) a lower postoperative peak serum creatinine levels (1.19 +/- 0.48 mg/dL vs. 1.41 +/- 0.94 mg/dL in Control group, p = 0.048), and a significant lower rate of severe morbidity (odds ratio 0.27, 95% confidence interval 0.09-0.81, p = 0.02). A reduction of systemic anticoagulation is feasible with a non-heparin-bonded, closed biocompatible circuit, and results in a significant improvement of the outcome of low to moderate risk coronary patients.
Gelation of Room-Temperature Liquid Crystals by the Association of atrans-1,2-Bis(amino)cyclohexane Derivative (1998)

The formation of an anisotropic gel—a member of a new class of gel—is described. A structure is proposed for the liquid-crystalline gel (see also the cover of this issue), which was formed by the gelation of a room-temperature nematic liquid crystal, achieved by the self-aggregation of low-molecular-weight molecules through hydrogen bonding. It is shown that the mixture studied exists in three states, anisotropic gel, normal gel, and isotropic liquid, all of which are thermally reversible. Preliminary measurements of the response of the anisotropic gel to electric fields are presented.
Electro‐Oculocram — A Relatively Recent Test for The Assessment of Retinal Metabolic Function (1974)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size * Department of Optometry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic. 3052.Notes* Department of Optometry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic. 3052.
Trace Gas Spectroscopy Using Cavity Optomechanics (2021)

In this paper, we present a new concept of spectroscopic sensor based on an optomechanical transduction. This novel trace gas detection technique exploits the so-called “membrane-in-the-middle” (MIM) setup, composed of a mechanical membrane in a middle of a high finesse Fabry-Perot cavity, filled by an absorbing gas. Preliminary thermomechanical noise measurements of a commercial low stress silicon nitride (SiN) membrane in air at ambient conditions with a homemade external fibered MIM cavity in the near infrared (NIR) region are presented as a proof of concept. The sensor in the mid-infrared (MIR) region is based on shifts of the mechanical resonance frequency induced by gas absorption using the optical spring effect. Typical limit of detection (LOD) for carbon dioxide (CO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> ) at 4.232 µm is 45 ppb with a stabilized Quantum Cascade Laser (QCL), with a responsivity of 2.61 kHz/ppb of frequency shifts, for a circular stoichiometric silicon nitride (Si3N4) membrane of 50 µm diameter, 200 nm thick, quality factor of 50, and in a 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> finesse air-filled optical cavity, corresponding to silicon-integrated devices currently in fabrication.
Improving the dissolution of fenofibrate with yeast cell-derived hollow core/shell carbon microparticles (2016)

Hollow-mesoporous core/shell carbon microparticles that aid the adsorption and release properties of poorly soluble drugs are synthesized from yeast cells.
Real-time collision avoidance algorithm on industrial manipulators (2017)

Safety is a fundamental issue in robotics, especially in the growing application of human-robot interaction (HRI), where collision avoidance is an important consideration. In this paper, a novel real-time velocity based collision avoidance planner is presented to address this problem. The proposed algorithm provides a solution to deal with both collision avoidance and reference tracking simultaneously. An invariant safe set is introduced to exclude the dangerous states that may lead to collision, and a smoothing function is introduced to adapt different reference commands and to preserve the invariant property of the safe set. A real-time experiment with a moving obstacle is conducted on FANUC LR Mate 200iD/7L.
The neglected biliary mucus and its phosphatidylcholine content: a putative player in pathogenesis of primary cholangitis—a narrative review article (2021)

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a rare progressive cholangitis resulting in cirrhosis and cholangiocellular carcinoma. The pathogenesis is unclear and an effective medical therapy is not available. It is highly associated to ulcerative colitis for which recently a disturbance of the tight junction (TJ) barrier has been claimed as etiologic feature. Genetic mouse models with intestinal TJ disruption showed a defective transport of phosphatidylcholine (PC) to intestinal mucus. Consequently, an ulcerative colitis phenotype developed. In the present study we evaluate whether there is also a paracellular transport of PC through TJ to the apical side of cholangiocytes. As in ulcerative colitis, a TJ defect could lead to deficient PC in biliary mucus. It would impair the protective barrier against aggressive bile acids in bile. Indeed with polarized biliary tumor cells a vectorial transport of PC from basal to luminal side was demonstrated using a transwell culture system. PC was not taken up by the cells but moved paracellularly via TJ to the apical side driven by luminal HCO<sub>3</sub>- generated by the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) and the anion exchange protein 2 (AE2). If such a TJ-mediated PC translocation to the apical surface of cholangiocytes could be disrupted in a genetic mouse model, a PSC phenotype would be expected. With such an experimental model functional operative therapies can be evaluated. We propose that disruption of TJ mediated paracellular transport of PC to the apical side of cholangiocytes could lead to biliary mucus PC depletion. This may be a pathogenetic factor for development of PSC.
A Federated Network for Translational Cancer Research Using Clinical Data and Biospecimens (2015)

Advances in cancer research and personalized medicine will require significant new bridging infrastructures, including more robust biorepositories that link human tissue to clinical phenotypes and outcomes. In order to meet that challenge, four cancer centers formed the Text Information Extraction System (TIES) Cancer Research Network, a federated network that facilitates data and biospecimen sharing among member institutions. Member sites can access pathology data that are de-identified and processed with the TIES natural language processing system, which creates a repository of rich phenotype data linked to clinical biospecimens. TIES incorporates multiple security and privacy best practices that, combined with legal agreements, network policies, and procedures, enable regulatory compliance. The TIES Cancer Research Network now provides integrated access to investigators at all member institutions, where multiple investigator-driven pilot projects are underway. Examples of federated search across the network illustrate the potential impact on translational research, particularly for studies involving rare cancers, rare phenotypes, and specific biologic behaviors. The network satisfies several key desiderata including local control of data and credentialing, inclusion of rich phenotype information, and applicability to diverse research objectives. The TIES Cancer Research Network presents a model for a national data and biospecimen network.
Recent progress of negative-tone imaging with EUV exposure (2015)

This study describes the recent progress of negative-tone imaging with EUV exposure (EUV-NTI) compared with positive-tone development (PTD). NTI uses organic solvent-based developer to provide low swelling and smooth-dissolving behavior. Therefore, EUV-NTI is expected to offer several advantages in terms of performance, especially for improving line-width roughness (LWR), which is expected to resolve the resolution, LWR, and sensitivity (RLS) tradeoff. Herein, novel chemical amplified resist materials for EUV-NTI are investigated to improve LWR and sensitivity. Results indicate that the EUV-NTI has better performance than PTD, with ‘single digit mJ/cm<sup>2</sup>,while maintaining the LWR performance. Furthermore, EUV-NTI processing such as the pre-applied bake (PAB) temperature, post-exposure bake (PEB) temperature, development procedure, and rinse procedure are very effective for improving the lithographic performance. In addition, the lithographic performance with NXE3100 scanner is also reported.
Cryogenic Behavior of the High Temperature Crystal Oscillator PX-570 (2011)

Microprocessors, data-acquisition systems, and electronic controllers usually require timing signals for proper and accurate operation. These signals are, in most cases, provided by circuits that utilize crystal oscillators due to availability, cost, ease of operation, and accuracy. Stability of these oscillators, i.e. crystal characteristics, is usually governed, amongst other things, by the ambient temperature. Operation of these devices under extreme temperatures requires, therefore, the implementation of some temperature-compensation mechanism either through the manufacturing process of the oscillator part or in the design of the circuit to maintain stability as well as accuracy. NASA future missions into deep space and planetary exploration necessitate operation of electronic instruments and systems in environments where extreme temperatures along with wide-range thermal swings are countered. Most of the commercial devices are very limited in terms of their specified operational temperature while very few custom-made and military-grade parts have the ability to operate in a slightly wider range of temperature. Thus, it is becomes mandatory to design and develop circuits that are capable of operation efficiently and reliably under the space harsh conditions. This report presents the results obtained on the evaluation of a new (COTS) commercial-off-the-shelf crystal oscillator under extreme temperatures. The device selected for evaluation comprised of a 10 MHz, PX-570-series crystal oscillator. This type of device was recently introduced by Vectron International and is designed as high temperature oscillator [1]. These parts are fabricated using proprietary manufacturing processes designed specifically for high temperature and harsh environment applications [1]. The oscillators have a wide continuous operating temperature range; making them ideal for use in military and aerospace industry, industrial process control, geophysical fields, avionics, and engine control. They exhibit low jitter and phase noise, consume little power, and are suited for high shock and vibration applications. The unique package design of these crystal oscillators offers a small ceramic package footprint, as well as providing both through-hole mounting and surface mount options.
Flexible PDMS -based dry electrodes for electro-optic acquisition of ECG signals in wearable devices (2010)

We present a new type of flexible dry copper electrodes based on Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) coatings, requiring no electrical contact with the body. Tests were performed in order to evaluate the performance of these types of electrodes using electro-optic techniques, suitable for wearable devices. Conductive and insulated PDMS layers were fabricated through a spin coating process, reaching a thickness of 100µ. These layers were then deposited on top of a flexible copper sheet. In a first set of experiments PDMS-based electrodes were compared with Ag/AgCl pre-gelled electrodes, showing comparable performances and lower noise signals. In order to test the influence of electrode area into signal strength, different sizes were chosen: 10.14 cm(2), 17.55 cm(2), 25.3 cm(2) and 39 cm(2). The results have shown that the signal strength increases with electrode area. We have also tested the influence of PDMS conductivity in signal strength, by adding two types of nickel to the pre-polymer solution. PDMS conductive electrodes have shown slightly better performances, with amplitudes higher than 200mV, which is the maximum value recorded with PDMS insulated electrodes.
Effect of Casting Condition in Semi‐Solid Aluminum Alloy Injection Process on Distribution of Defects and Density (2014)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Experimental Procedure Results and Discussion Conclusions
Asymmetric methoxyselenenylations with camphor-based selenium electrophiles (1998)

T. G. Back and S. Nan, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1998, 3123 DOI: 10.1039/A806707D
Sowing kernels for food safety: Importance of rapid on‐site detction of pesticide residues in agricultural foods (2022)

Abstract Sustainable cultivation and safe agricultural production are needed to ensure the safety of all living organisms and ecosystems. Most agricultural foods currently contain unacceptable levels of pesticide residues. In an attempt to ensure pest control and high crop yields, farmers spray a large number of pesticides in quantities that exceed the safety limits for agricultural crops. Pesticide residues are highly toxic to humans, causing severe and even deadly diseases. Traditional analytical strategies for laboratory pesticide detection are often limited because they are time‐consuming and require trained personnel, which makes them very costly. Hence, accurate, rapid, and on‐site analysis of pesticides is drawing increasing attention for food safety reasons. Therefore, on‐site or point‐of‐care (POC) detection of pesticide residues has become an approach of paramount importance. Recently, various portable detection technologies, such as colorimetric, fluorescence, electrochemical, surface plasmon resonance, chemiluminescence, phosphorescence, microfluidic, and surface‐enhanced Raman scattering techniques, have been designed for on‐site monitoring of pesticide residues in vegetables and fruits. These devices have demonstrated great power of detection in preclinical agricultural settings. This review highlights the emerging insights and novel advances in portable devices, POC technologies, and on‐site sensing approaches for the detection of pesticide residues in agricultural foods. However, greater rigor in the design of portable pesticide‐detection devices is essential. The increasing demand for rapid detection of hazardous pesticide components has prompted a timely opportunity to summarize recent developments and progress in portable devices and on‐site sensing strategies to evaluate food safety.
Mechanism of Coal-Pyrolysis under Elevated Pressure and Rapid Heating Conditions (2005)

The coal-pyrolysis experiment under elevated pressure conditions using a pressurized thermobalance has been carried out to clarify the mechanisms and the processes at conditions changing from normal pressure to higher pressure (10.6 ata) and from slow (0.1 K/s) to rapid heating rate (20 K/s). Simultaneously, a new pyrolysis model which can describe a pressure effect on the evolution behavior has been developed based on the FLASHCHAIN® model including a quantitative estimation of the volatilized gases and released tar vapor. From the experiment, the tar vapor formation is suppressed and the yields of CH4 gas shows increasing behavior at higher pressure conditions. Because the mole fraction of tar vapor decreased with the increase of the pressure by Raoult's law, and the recombination reactions of remaining metaplast (precursor of tar) within the coal are activated, resulting in more chars and more gas yields (CH4, CO2). At rapid heating rate conditions, the conversion from the metaplast to the volatile matter would be more active, because the reaction temperature range for thermal pyrolysis shifts to higher range with increase of heating rate. It was found that the rapid heating rate affects the molecular structure of the coal substantially.
Synthesis of Air Stable FeCo/C Alloy Nanoparticles by Decomposing a Mixture of the Corresponding Metal-Acetyl Acetonates under Their Autogenic Pressure (2011)

A mixture of Fe(AcAc)(2) and Co(AcAC)(2) was thermolyzed in a closed cell under the autogenic pressure of the reactants. The nature of the products was temperature dependent. The reaction is a one-stage, simple, efficient, and solvent-free method to prepare FeCo alloy nanoparticles protected by a carbon shell. Particle sizes of 60-150 were obtained covered by a carbon layer of 3-4 nm. The air stability of these particles is also demonstrated.