gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and formation mechanism of hydrogenated boron clusters B12Hn with controlled hydrogen content (2010)

We present the formation of hydrogen-content-controlled B(12)H(n) (+) clusters through the decomposition and ion-molecule reactions of the decaborane (B(10)H(14)) and diborane (B(2)H(6)) molecules in an external quadrupole static attraction ion trap. The hydrogen- and boron-contents of the B(10-y)H(x) (+) cluster are controlled by charge transfer from ambient gas ions. In the process of ionization, a certain number of hydrogen and boron atoms are detached from decaborane ions by the energy caused by charge transfer. The energy caused by the ion-molecule reactions also induces H atom detachment. Ambient gas of Ar leads to the selective generation of B(10)H(6) (+). The B(10)H(6) (+) clusters react with B(2)H(6) molecules, resulting in the selective formation of B(12)H(8) (+) clusters. Ambient gas of Ne (He) leads to the generation of B(10-y)H(x) (+) clusters with x=4-10 and y=0-1 (with x=2-10 and y=0-2), resulting in the formation of B(12)H(n) (+) clusters with n=4-8 (n=2,4-8). The introduction of ambient gas also increases the production of clusters. PBE0/6-311+G(d)//B3LYP/6-31G(d)-level density functional theory calculations are conducted to investigate the structure and the mechanism of formation of B(10-y)H(x) (+) and B(12)H(n) (+) clusters.
SUPERCONDUCTING MICROSTRIP LINE BAND-PASS FILTER (2000)

Two types of 2 GHz band superconducting microstrip line band-pass filters were developed: a 5-pole filter with good spurious and sharp skirt characteristics, and an electrically tunable filter. The 5-pole filter with center frequency of 1.95 GHz, insertion loss of 0.1 dB or less, 3 dB bandwidth of 25 MBz, transmission zeros on both sides of desirable band, and good spurious characteristic between 1 and 9 GHZ was obtained. Also the tunable filter with a measured unloaded Q factor of 2100 and a frequency shift of approximately 15 M& was obtained.
Enhanced Stability of LiCoO2Cathodes in Lithium-ion Batteries Using Surface Modification by Atomic Layer Deposition (2010)

Ultrathin atomic layer deposition (ALD) coatings were found to enhance the performance of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Previous studies have demonstrated that LiCoO 2 cathode powders coated with metal oxides with thicknesses of ~100-1000 grown using wet chemical techniques improved LIB performance. In this study, LiCoO 2 powders were coated with conformal Al 2 O 3 ALD films with thicknesses of only ~3-4 established using 2 ALD cycles. The coated LiCoO 2 powders exhibited a capacity retention of 89% after 120 charge-discharge cycles in the 3.3~4.5 V (vs. Li/Li + ) range. In contrast, the bare LiCoO 2 powders displayed only a 45% capacity retention. This dramatic improvement may result from the ultrathin Al 2 O 3 ALD film acting to minimize Co dissolution or to reduce surface electrolyte reactions.
New algorithms for identifying the flavour of $${\mathrm {B}} ^0$$ B 0 mesons using pions and protons (2017)

Two new algorithms for use in the analysis of [Formula: see text] collision are developed to identify the flavour of [Formula: see text] mesons at production using pions and protons from the hadronization process. The algorithms are optimized and calibrated on data, using [Formula: see text] decays from [Formula: see text] collision data collected by LHCb at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV . The tagging power of the new pion algorithm is 60% greater than the previously available one; the algorithm using protons to identify the flavour of a [Formula: see text] meson is the first of its kind.
A 58.6mW Real-Time Programmable Object Detector with Multi-Scale\n Multi-Object Support Using Deformable Parts Model on 1920x1080 Video at 30fps (2016)

This paper presents a programmable, energy-efficient and real-time object\ndetection accelerator using deformable parts models (DPM), with 2x higher\naccuracy than traditional rigid body models. With 8 deformable parts detection,\nthree methods are used to address the high computational complexity:\nclassification pruning for 33x fewer parts classification, vector quantization\nfor 15x memory size reduction, and feature basis projection for 2x reduction of\nthe cost of each classification. The chip is implemented in 65nm CMOS\ntechnology, and can process HD (1920x1080) images at 30fps without any off-chip\nstorage while consuming only 58.6mW (0.94nJ/pixel, 1168 GOPS/W). The chip has\ntwo classification engines to simultaneously detect two different classes of\nobjects. With a tested high throughput of 60fps, the classification engines can\nbe time multiplexed to detect even more than two object classes. It is energy\nscalable by changing the pruning factor or disabling the parts classification.\n
Vortex Generation and Pixel Calibration Using a Spatial Light Modulator for Maskless Lithography (2007)

We present aerial images demonstrating the generation of an isolated optical vortex via and its through-focus characteristics using a SLM (spatial light modulator) for optical maskless lithography. Aerial images show that a 4 phase step vortex can be formed by a group of 2 x 2 pixels. The vortex showed that there is minimal through-focus drift in the intensity profile whereas an isolated feature generated without a phase singularity showed noticeable drift of the profile. We also present experimental results in utilizing a method to improve the sensitivity in pixel calibration for an optical maskless lithography system. Using an optimized configuration of the surrounding mirrors, the calibration sensitivity of the pixel under test can be increased and even maximized at a certain defocus. The calibration sensitivity is improved by ~1.8x for our surrounding mirror configuration without defocus.
Towards an optical FPGA - Programmable silicon photonic circuits (2018)

A novel technique is presented for realising programmable silicon photonic circuits. Once the proposed photonic circuit is programmed, its routing is retained without the need for additional power consumption. This technology enables a uniform multi-purpose design of photonic chips for a range of different applications and performance requirements, as it can be programmed for each specific application after chip fabrication. Therefore the cost per chip can be dramatically reduced because of the increase in production volume, and rapid prototyping of new photonic circuits is enabled. Essential building blocks for programmable circuits, erasable directional couplers (DCs) were designed and fabricated, utilising ion implanted waveguides. We demonstrate permanent switching between the drop port and through port of the DCs using a localised post-fabrication laser annealing process. Proof-of-principle demonstrators in the form of generic 1X4 and 2X2 programmable switching circuits were then fabricated and subsequently programmed, to define their function.
Lethal Shock Induced by Streptococcal Pyrogenic Exotoxin A in Mice Transgenic for Human Leukocyte Antigen–DQ8 and Human CD4 Receptors: Implications for Development of Vaccines and Therapeutics (2002)

Streptococcal and staphylococcal infections result in significant human morbidity and mortality. This study used a transgenic murine model expressing human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II and human CD4 in which, without additional toxic sensitization, human-like responses to the bacterial superantigen (SAg) streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin A (SpeA) could be simulated, as determined by studying multiple biologic effects of the SAgs in vivo. Expression of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQ8 rendered the mice susceptible to SpeA-induced lethal shock that was accompanied by massive cytokine production and marked elevation of serum alanine and aspartate aminotransferase levels. Of importance, this model enabled examination of the efficacy of an engineered non-SAg vaccine candidate against SpeA in the context of HLA. This report is thought to be the first of a lethal shock triggered in mice by bacterial SAgs without prior sensitization and examination of a vaccine against streptococcal SAg in the context of human MHC receptors.
1. Nonenzymatic Cleavage of Single-Stranded DNA to Nucleotide Resolution. 2. Novel Base Specific DNA Cleavage Reactions (2013)

Part 1 A new strategy for the complementary-addressed modification of nucleic acids was investigated involving the enzymatic incorporation of a modified 2'-deoxynucleotide 5'-triphosphate molecule into oligonucleotide strands. These modified 2'-deoxynucleotide 5'-triphosphate compounds (and hence the strands into which they were incorporated) carried a latent reactive group in the form of a methylthioether function. The methylthioether function was activated by treatment with cyanogen bromide to enable alkylation of a complementary nucleic acid strand. The alkylation was shown to involve methyl group transfer and upon piperidine treatment resulted in the cleavage of the DNA at essentially a single residue on the target strand. The system was found to be capable of cleaving oligonucleotides as well as long pieces (5386 bases) of single-stranded DNA to nucleotide resolution. Part 2 Two novel base specific DNA cleavage reactions were discovered and investigated. The first is an A specific reaction caused by K₂PdCl₄ at low pH. The second is a photochemical reaction with "GG" specificity caused by some nitroaromatic and Co(III) compounds. Reaction of DNA with K₂PdCl₄ at low pH followed by a piperidine workup produces specific cleavage at adenine residues. Product analysis revealed the K₂PdCl₄ reaction involves selective depurination at adenine, affording a gapping reaction analogous to the other chemical DNA sequencing reactions. Adenine residues methylated at the exocyclic amine (N6) react with lower efficiency than unmethylated adenine in an identical sequence. This simple protocol specific for A may be a useful addition to current chemical sequencing reactions. Photolysis of DNA in the presence of 4-nitroveratrole, 3-nitroanisole or Co(III) compounds such as Co(III)(NH₃)₆ followed by a piperidine workup produces cleavage of the DNA with "GG" specificity, that is the 5'-G of 5'-GG-3' sequences is preferentially attacked. Product analysis revealed that the aromatic guanine base is decomposed into numerous fragments, and the nitroaromatic compound is apparently not consumed in the reaction. An electron transfer mechanism is proposed to account for the photochemical reaction at 5'-GG-3' sequences.
Color lens-free imaging using multi-wavelength illumination based phase retrieval (2020)

Accurate image reconstruction in color lens-free imaging has proven challenging. The color image reconstruction of a sample is impacted not only by how strongly the illumination intensity is absorbed at a given spectral range, but also by the lack of phase information recorded on the image sensor. We present a compact and cost-effective approach of addressing the need for phase retrieval to enable robust color image reconstruction in lens-free imaging. The amplitude images obtained at transparent wavelength bands are used to estimate the phase in highly absorbed wavelength bands. The accurate phase information, obtained through our iterative algorithm, removes the color artefacts due to twin-image noise in the reconstructed image and improves image reconstruction quality to allow accurate color reconstruction. This could enable the technique to be applied for imaging of stained pathology slides, an important tool in medical diagnostics.
Demo (2011)

WiFi continues to be a prime source of energy consumption in mobile devices. We observe that, despite a rich body of research in WiFi energy management, there is room for improvement. Our key finding is that WiFi energy optimizations have conventionally been designed with a single AP in mind. However, network contention among different APs can dramatically increase a client's energy consumption. Each client may have to keep awake for long durations before its own AP gets a chance to send packets to it. As the AP density increases in the vicinity, the waiting time inflates, resulting in a proportional decrease in battery life.
Proteolysis of Gingival Keratinocyte Cell Surface Proteins by Gingipains Secreted From Porphyromonas gingivalis – Proteomic Insights Into Mechanisms Behind Tissue Damage in the Diseased Gingiva (2020)

<i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i>, the main etiologic agent of periodontitis, secretes cysteine proteases named gingipains. HRgpA and RgpB gingipains have Arg-specificity, while Kgp gingipain is Lys-specific. Together they can cleave an array of proteins and importantly contribute to the development of periodontitis. In this study we focused on gingipain-exerted proteolysis at the cell surface of human gingival epithelial cells [telomerase immortalized gingival keratinocytes (TIGK)] in order to better understand the molecular mechanisms behind tissue destruction in periodontitis. Using mass spectrometry, we investigated the whole sheddome/degradome of TIGK cell surface proteins by <i>P. gingivalis</i> strains differing in gingipain expression and by purified gingipains, and performed the first global proteomic analysis of gignpain proteolysis at the membrane. Incubation of TIGK cells with <i>P. gingivalis</i> resulted in massive degradation of proteins already at low multiplicity of infection, whereas incubating cells with purified gingipains resulted in more discrete patterns, indicative of a combination of complete degradation and shedding of membrane proteins. Most of the identified gingipain substrates were molecules involved in adhesion, suggesting that gingipains may cause tissue damage through cleavage of cell contacts, resulting in cell detachment and rounding, and consequently leading to anoikis. However, HRgpA and RgpB gingipains differ in their mechanism of action. While RgpB rapidly degraded the proteins, HRgpA exhibited a much slower proteolysis indicative of ectodomain shedding, as demonstrated for the transferrin receptor protein 1 (TFRC). These results reveal a molecular underpinning to <i>P. gingivalis</i>-induced tissue destruction and enhance our knowledge of the role of <i>P. gingivalis</i> proteases in the pathobiology of periodontitis. Proteomics data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD015679.
Adult Male Circumcision Tool for Use in Traditional Ceremonies (2010)

Public health officials are currently supporting adult male circumcision to minimize the transmission of HIV during intercourse. Estimates indicate that more than 3 million lives could be saved in sub-Saharan Africa alone if the procedure were widely adopted. Complications including infection and accidental cutting/amputation of the glans during traditional circumcision ceremonies can lead to permanent injury or death. A low cost, adjustable (one-size-fits-most), culturally appropriate adult male circumcision tool was designed for use in traditional circumcision ceremonies to increase the likelihood of safe outcomes.
Detection of peroxide based explosives utilizing a lateral field excited acoustic wave sensor (2010)

Due to extensive use of Peroxide Based Explosives (PBEs) in terrorist and insurgent activities, the need for a rapid and accurate sensor is paramount. PBEs can be prepared from items found ubiquitously such as acetone and hydrogen peroxide. Current tests to detect PBEs typically require swabbing of suspected items, which is time consuming and may not be remotely deployed. The results of such tests are qualitative in nature and false positives are common. A need exists for a sensor that can detect PBE constituents in air. The current work is investigating the utility of employing the Lateral Field Excited (LFE) acoustic wave sensor platform for PBE detection. Specifically, a polymer film that is sensitive to both acetone and hydrogen peroxide vapor has been deposited on an LFE platform. The resulting sensor has been demonstrated to be capable of identifying ppm concentrations of the PBE constituent vapors in air.
High-Throughput Mycobacterial Interspersed Repetitive-Unit–Variable-Number Tandem-Repeat Genotyping for Mycobacterium tuberculosis Epidemiological Studies (2014)

The emergence of drug-resistant forms of tuberculosis (TB) represents a major public health concern. Understanding the transmission routes of the disease is a key factor for its control and for the implementation of efficient interventions. Mycobacterial interspersed repetitive-unit-variable-number tandem-repeat (MIRU-VNTR) marker typing is a well-described method for lineage identification and transmission tracking. However, the conventional manual genotyping technique is cumbersome and time-consuming and entails many risks for errors, thus hindering its implementation and dissemination. We describe here a new approach using the QIAxcel system, an automated high-throughput capillary electrophoresis system that also carries out allele calling. This automated method was assessed on 1,824 amplicons from 82 TB isolates and tested with sets of markers of 15 or 24 loci. Overall allele-calling concordance between the methods from 140 to 1,317 bp was 98.9%. DNA concentrations and repeatability and reproducibility performances showed no biases in allele calling. Furthermore, turnaround time using this automated system was reduced by 81% compared to the conventional manual agarose gel method. In sum, this new automated method facilitates MIRU-VNTR genotyping and provides reliable results. Therefore, it is well suited for field genotyping. The implementation of this method will help to achieve accurate and cost-effective epidemiological studies, especially in countries with a high prevalence of TB, where the high number of strains complicates the surveillance of circulating lineages and requires efficient interventions to be carried out in an urgent manner.
Experimental Critical Constants, Vapor Pressures, and Vapor and Liquid Densities for Pentafluoroethane (R-125) (1997)

This paper presents measurements of vapor pressure from 220 K to 338 K, liquid density from 180 K to 350 K and up to 70 MPa and vapor density from 310 K to 480 K and up to 12 MPa for pentafluoroethane (R-125). Extrapolating the observed vapor pressures to the measured critical temperature (339.41 ± 0.01) K provides a critical pressure of (3.6391 ± 0.002) MPa. Using these values with the law of rectilinear diameters indicates a critical density of (4768 ± 7) mol·m-3. Correlations provide values which agree with the measured values for the vapor densities within ± 0.05%, the liquid densities within ±0.1%, and the vapor pressures within ±0.05%. The results are compared with values from the literature.
MR-guided focused-ultrasound ablation system: determination of precision and accuracy in preparation for clinical trials. (1998)

The authors analyzed the accuracy and precision of focal-spot placement with a magnetic resonance-guided, focused-ultrasound system. Average absolute accuracy errors ranged from 0.2 to 1.0 mm, and average absolute individual precision errors ranged from 0.2 to 0.3 mm. To prevent damage to vital structures, single sonications and sonication grids should be placed beyond approximately 2 and 1 mm, respectively.
Focusing by spatiotemporal inverse filter: Application to heterogeneous and absorbing medium (2001)

In most applications of ultrasound, a first step consists in focusing a broadband ultrasonic beam deeply inside the medium. Nevertheless, sound speed, density, or absorption heterogeneities may strongly degrade the focusing. Different techniques have been developed to correct such aberrations (time reversal, speckle brightness,...). Recently, we investigated a new broadband focusing technique, the spatiotemporal inverse filter, based on the inversion of the propagation operator relating a transducer array to a set of control points inside the medium. As this inversion is achieved both in space and time, it allows one to calculate the set of temporal signals to be emitted by each array element for an optimal focusing on a chosen control point. Potential applications have been experimentally investigated in heterogeneous and absorbing media where classical geometrical focusing is highly degraded. The strong improvement achieved by inverse filter compared to time reversal and classical focusing emphasizes the great potential of multichannel systems having the ability to apply completely different waveforms on each element. Particularly, intraplate echoes suppression in NDT, high quality focusing through a human skull, as well as hyper-resolution in reverberating media highlight its great interest in various fields such as medical imaging, nondestructive testing, room acoustics, and underwater acoustics.
Metal streak artifacts in X-ray computed tomography: a simulation study (2002)

Metal streak artifacts are an important problem in X-ray computed tomography. A high-resolution 2D fan-beam computed tomography simulator is presented. Several potential causes of metal streak artifacts are studied using phantom measurements and simulations. Beam hardening, scatter, noise and exponential edge-gradient effect are identified as important causes of metal streak artifacts. Furthermore, also aliasing effects and object motion can be responsible for certain metal streak artifacts.
Role of Oxygen Transfer for High-k/SiO2/Si Stack Structure on Flatband Voltage Shift (2011)

We investigate the difference of flatband voltage (Vfb) behavior in high-k/SiO2/Si stack structure due to oxygen vacancy (Vo) and additional oxygen generated by the reduction and oxidation annelaing process, respectively. The Vfb of Mg and La-incorporated Hf-based high-k dielectrics is also influenced by Vo generation in high-k layer. We found that the non-linear relationships of Vfb behavior appears in HfSiOx, Mg2+- and La3+-HfSiOx dielectrics as a function of the oxidation annealing temperature, while the HfO2, N3+-HfSiOx, Mg2+- HfO2, and La3+-HfO2 dielectrics show the linear relationships of Vfb shift by introducing additional oxygen. Furthermore, it is clear that the Vfb shift of all high-k materials satisfies the diffusion equation; which indicates that the oxygen transfer in high-k layer is a dominant factor in determining Vfb. We found that the oxygen diffusion in high-k materials can be ordered as follow: Mg2+- and La3+-HfO2 &gt; HfO2 &gt;&gt; N3+-HfSiOx and La3+-HfSiOx &gt; HfSiOx and Mg2+-HfSiOx.
Human APOE genotype affects intraneuronal A 1-42 accumulation in a lentiviral gene transfer model (2013)

Intraneuronal accumulation of β-amyloid (Aβ)42 is one of the earliest pathological events in humans and in animal models of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Apolipoprotein E 4 (APOE4) is the major identified genetic risk factor for late-onset AD, with Aβ deposition beginning earlier in apoE4-positive subjects. To directly determine the effects of APOE genotype on intraneuronal accumulation of Aβ1-42 at the onset of AD pathogenesis, we introduced lentiviral Aβ1-42 into the cortex of APOE targeted replacement (TR) mice at the age of 8-9 months. We demonstrated a significant isoform-dependent effect of human APOE, with dramatically enhanced intracellular Aβ1-42 deposits in the cerebral cortex of APOE4-TR mice 2 weeks after injection. Double-immunofluorescent staining showed that intracellular accumulation of lentiviral Aβ1-42 was mainly present in neurons, localized to late endosomes/lysosomes. This intraneuronal accumulation of Aβ1-42 correlated with increased tau phosphorylation and cell death in the ipsilateral cortex around the injection site. Aβ1-42 was also observed in microglia, but not in astrocytes. Quantitative analysis revealed more neurons with Aβ1-42 while less microglia with Aβ1-42 nearest to the injection site of Aβ1-42 lentivirus in APOE4-TR mice. Finally, apoE was present in neurons of the ipsilateral cortex of APOE-TR mice at 2 weeks after lentivirus injection, in addition to astrocytes and microglia in both the ipsilateral and contralateral cerebral cortex. Taken together, these results demonstrate that apoE4 tips the balance of the glial and neuronal Aβ toward the intraneuronal accumulation of Aβ.