gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Singular Perturbation Theory for DC–DC Converters and Application to PFC Converters (2008)

Many control schemes for DC-DC converters begin with the assertion that inductor currents are ldquofastrdquo states and capacitor voltages are ldquoslowrdquo states. This assertion must be true for power factor correction (PFC) converters to allow independent control of current and voltage, and is important for many other applications. In the present study, singular perturbation theory is applied to two-state switching-power converters to provide rigorous justification of the timescale separation. Krylov-Bogoliubov-Mitropolsky averaging is used to include switching ripple effects. A relationship between inductance, capacitance, load resistance, and loss resistances derives from an analysis of the off-manifold dynamics of an approximate model. Similar results hold for boost, buck, and buck-boost converters. Experimental boost converters validate the results. Discrete-time analysis is also shown. Simulated PFC converters demonstrate a simple, sensorless control technique that requires timescale separation.
Second generation of “Miranda procedure” forCPviolation in Dalitz studies ofB(andDandτ) decays (2012)

The ``Miranda procedure'' proposed for analyzing Dalitz plots for $CP$ asymmetries in charged $B$ and $D$ decays in a model-independent manner is extended and refined in this paper. The complexity of Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa $CP$ phenomenology through order ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}^{6}$ is needed in searches for new dynamics (ND). Detailed analyses of three-body final states offer great advantages: (i) They give us more powerful tools for deciding whether an observed $CP$ asymmetry represents the manifestation of ND and its features. (ii) Many advantages can already be obtained by the Miranda procedure without construction of a detailed Dalitz plot description. (iii) One studies $CP$ asymmetries independent of production asymmetries. We illustrate the power of a second generation Miranda procedure with examples with time integrated rates for ${B}_{d}/{\overline{B}}_{d}$ decays to final states ${K}_{S}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ as trial runs, with comments on ${B}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}/{K}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}{K}^{+}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}$.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium(0) Catalyzed Coupling of trans‐1,2‐Bis(tri‐n‐butylstannyl)ethylene with Aromatic Halides: A Convenient Synthesis of Substituted trans‐β‐Bromostyrenes. (1988)

Abstract trans‐1,2‐Bis(tributylstannyl)ethene (II) is coupled with the aryl halides (I) in the presence of Pd catalysts to give the tributylstannylstyrenes (III) or the stilbenes (V) depending on the educt ratio.
High Resolution Imaging of Fractures Using a Borehole Sonic as a Downhole Sreamer (1998)

Traditional borehole sonic measurements identify arrival of the refracted wavefield along the borehole to determine acoustic slowness close to the borehole. Evolution of this technology to arrayed receivers and downhole digitization of the wavefield has allowed evaluation of both compressional and shear slownesses through coherence semblance techniques.
Observation of asymmetric Bloch walls in epitaxial Co films with strong in-plane uniaxial anisotropy (2000)

Combined studies involving magnetic force microscopy and micromagnetic simulations are used to investigate the domain wall structure in epitaxial Co(101̄0) thin films with strong in-plane uniaxial magneto-crystalline anisotropy. This letter shows experimental evidence that, for such a system, the domain wall structure transforms from an asymmetric Bloch wall into an asymmetric Néel wall upon decreasing the film thickness from 100 to 20 nm. This transition occurs without cross-tie wall formation. Furthermore, it is found that from the four possible energetically equivalent asymmetric Bloch wall configurations, only two are stabilized along a single domain wall. For a given wall, the transition from one configuration to the other involves the simultaneous reversal of the polarity of the Bloch core and the Néel cap.
Specific Transfection of Inflamed Brain by Macrophages: A New Therapeutic Strategy for Neurodegenerative Diseases (2013)

The ability to precisely upregulate genes in inflamed brain holds great therapeutic promise. Here we report a novel class of vectors, genetically modified macrophages that carry reporter and therapeutic genes to neural cells. Systemic administration of macrophages transfected ex vivo with a plasmid DNA (pDNA) encoding a potent antioxidant enzyme, catalase, produced month-long expression levels of catalase in the brain resulting in three-fold reductions in inflammation and complete neuroprotection in mouse models of Parkinson's disease (PD). This resulted in significant improvements in motor functions in PD mice. Mechanistic studies revealed that transfected macrophages secreted extracellular vesicles, exosomes, packed with catalase genetic material, pDNA and mRNA, active catalase, and NF-κb, a transcription factor involved in the encoded gene expression. Exosomes efficiently transfer their contents to contiguous neurons resulting in de novo protein synthesis in target cells. Thus, genetically modified macrophages serve as a highly efficient system for reproduction, packaging, and targeted gene and drug delivery to treat inflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders.
Towards lignin consolidated bioprocessing: simultaneous lignin depolymerization and product generation by bacteria (2015)

Lignin Consolidated Bioprocessing utilizes microbes that simultaneously depolymerize lignin and convert the resulting aromatic compounds to fuel and chemical precursors.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Deletion of the Endothelial Bmx Tyrosine Kinase Decreases Tumor Angiogenesis and Growth (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 1.8MB, Effect of homozygous or haploid Bmx deletion on tumor growth in female mice in the chemical skin carcinogenesis model&lt;/p&gt;
Advancing Orbitrap Measurements of Collision Cross Sections to Multiple Species for Broad Applications (2022)

Measurement of collision cross section (CCS), a parameter reflecting an ion's size and shape, alongside high-resolution mass analysis extends the depth of molecular analysis by providing structural information beyond molecular mass alone. Although these measurements are most commonly undertaken using a dedicated ion mobility cell coupled to a mass spectrometer, alternative methods have emerged to extract CCSs directly by analysis of the decay rates of either time-domain transient signals or the FWHM of frequency domain peaks in FT mass analyzers. This information is also accessible from FTMS mass spectra obtained in commonly used workflows directly without the explicit access to transient or complex Fourier spectra. Previously, these experiments required isolation of individual charge states of ions prior to CCS analysis, limiting throughput. Here we advance Orbitrap CCS measurements to more users and applications by determining CCSs from commonly available mass spectra files as well as estimating CCS for multiple charge states simultaneously and showcase these methods by the measurement of CCSs of fragment ions produced from collisional activation of proteins.
Microfluidic supercritical antisolvent continuous processing and direct spray-coating of poly(3-hexylthiophene) nanoparticles for OFET devices (2014)

We report for the first time the use of a microfluidic supercritical antisolvent process (μSAS) to synthesize semiconducting polymer nanoparticles (NPs) of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT). Solvent-free P3HT NPs with average diameters as small as 36 ± 8 nm are obtained. They are continuously spray-coated on substrates to fabricate OFET devices, demonstrating hole mobility through the nanoparticle film equivalent to that of conventional spin-coated P3HT.
Transformation media based super focusing antenna (2009)

We propose a new kind of focusing antenna with a large effective diameter based on transformation optics. The device contains a traditional parabolic antenna embedded in a dielectric core and coated by a negative index shell. Numerical simulations are performed to illustrate its advantages.
Simple & Secure: Attitude and behaviour towards security and usability in internet products and services at home (2010)

This paper is the result of research on the security perception of users in ICT services and equipment. We analyze the rationale of users to have an interest in security and to decide to change security parameters of equipment and services. We focus on the home environment, where more and more devices are (inter)connected to form a complex end-to-end chain in using online services. In our research, we constructed a model to determine the delta between the perceived overall security and the real security in home networks. To achieve an understanding of perception and how to identify the delta between perceived and real security, our work forms the basis for examining how perception relates to behaviour. Since humans are referred to as the weakest link in security, there are also differences in behaviour and desired behaviour from a security perspective.
Data from Impact of Exploratory Biomarkers on the Treatment Effect of Bevacizumab in Metastatic Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; The addition of bevacizumab to cytotoxic chemotherapy has demonstrated a progression-free survival (PFS) benefit in the first-line and second-line treatment of advanced or metastatic breast cancer (MBC). However, the addition of bevacizumab to capecitabine in heavily pretreated MBC patients did not show a PFS benefit (AVF2119g phase III trial). The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of novel putative biomarkers as predictors of benefit from bevacizumab in retrospective subset analyses of the AVF2119g trial.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; In the AVF2119g trial, 462 patients with MBC were randomly assigned to receive capecitabine or capecitabine plus bevacizumab. Primary tumor tissue and outcome data were available for 223 patients. Biomarker expression was assessed by &lt;i&gt;in situ&lt;/i&gt; hybridization (VEGF-A, VEGF-B, thrombospondin-2 and Flt4) or immunohistochemistry (VEGF-C, PDGF-C, neuropilin-1, delta-like ligand (Dll) 4, Bv8, p53 and thymidine phosphorylase) on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue. PFS was associated with these variables in retrospective subset analyses.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Patients with low scores for Dll4, VEGF-C, and neuropilin-1 showed trends toward improvement in PFS associated with the addition of bevacizumab to capecitabine (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; values = 0.01, 0.05, and 0.07, respectively). These observations were not statistically significant following correction for multiple hypothesis testing.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; These retrospective subset analyses suggest that expression of Dll4, VEGF-C, and neuropilin-1 may predict benefit from bevacizumab. Such observations are not conclusive but warrant additional testing. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 17(2); 372–81. ©2011 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Neu1 Sialidase and Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Cross-talk Is Essential for Toll-like Receptor Activation and Cellular Signaling (2011)

The signaling pathways of mammalian Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are well characterized, but the precise mechanism(s) by which TLRs are activated upon ligand binding remains poorly defined. Recently, we reported a novel membrane sialidase-controlling mechanism that depends on ligand binding to its TLR to induce mammalian neuraminidase-1 (Neu1) activity, to influence receptor desialylation, and subsequently to induce TLR receptor activation and the production of nitric oxide and proinflammatory cytokines in dendritic and macrophage cells. The α-2,3-sialyl residue of TLR was identified as the specific target for hydrolysis by Neu1. Here, we report a membrane signaling paradigm initiated by endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) binding to TLR4 to potentiate G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling via membrane Gα(i) subunit proteins and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) activation to induce Neu1. Central to this process is that a Neu1-MMP9 complex is bound to TLR4 on the cell surface of naive macrophage cells. Specific inhibition of MMP9 and GPCR Gα(i)-signaling proteins blocks LPS-induced Neu1 activity and NFκB activation. Silencing MMP9 mRNA using lentivirus MMP9 shRNA transduction or siRNA transfection of macrophage cells and MMP9 knock-out primary macrophage cells significantly reduced Neu1 activity and NFκB activation associated with LPS-treated cells. These findings uncover a molecular organizational signaling platform of a novel Neu1 and MMP9 cross-talk in alliance with TLR4 on the cell surface that is essential for ligand activation of TLRs and subsequent cellular signaling.
IODVA1, a guanidinobenzimidazole derivative, targets Rac activity and Ras-driven cancer models (2020)

&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;We report the synthesis and preliminary characterization of IODVA1, a potent small molecule that is active in xenograft mouse models of Ras-driven lung and breast cancers. In an effort to inhibit oncogenic Ras signaling, we combined &lt;i&gt;in silico&lt;/i&gt; screening with inhibition of proliferation and colony formation of Ras-driven cells. NSC124205 fulfilled all criteria. HPLC analysis revealed that NSC124205 was a mixture of at least three compounds, from which IODVA1 was determined to be the active component. IODVA1 decreased 2D and 3D cell proliferation, cell spreading and ruffle and lamellipodia formation through downregulation of Rac activity. IODVA1 significantly impaired xenograft tumor growth of Ras-driven cancer cells with no observable toxicity. Immuno-histochemistry analysis of tumor sections suggests that cell death occurs by increased apoptosis. Our data suggest that IODVA1 targets Rac signaling to induce death of Ras-transformed cells. Therefore, IODVA1 holds promise as an anti-tumor therapeutic agent.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Don't touch (2011)

In this video, we discuss the design of an e-textile shirt with an interactive Lumalive display featuring a touch-controlled image browser. To determine where to place touch sensors, we investigated which areas of the Lumalive shirt users would be comfortable touching or being touched based on how often participants would opt out of touches. For both touchers and touchees, opt-outs occurred mostly in the upper chest. On the front, the upper chest and lower abdominal zones were the least comfortable. Findings suggest participants were less comfortable with touches on the upper chest, the lower abdomen, and the lower back. We conclude that the most appropriate areas for touch sensors on a shirt are on the arms, shoulders, and upper back.
Perceptual Learning of Motion Direction Discrimination with Suppressed and Unsuppressed MT in Humans: An fMRI Study (2013)

The middle temporal area of the extrastriate visual cortex (area MT) is integral to motion perception and is thought to play a key role in the perceptual learning of motion tasks. We have previously found, however, that perceptual learning of a motion discrimination task is possible even when the training stimulus contains locally balanced, motion opponent signals that putatively suppress the response of MT. Assuming at least partial suppression of MT, possible explanations for this learning are that 1) training made MT more responsive by reducing motion opponency, 2) MT remained suppressed and alternative visual areas such as V1 enabled learning and/or 3) suppression of MT increased with training, possibly to reduce noise. Here we used fMRI to test these possibilities. We first confirmed that the motion opponent stimulus did indeed suppress the BOLD response within hMT+ compared to an almost identical stimulus without locally balanced motion signals. We then trained participants on motion opponent or non-opponent stimuli. Training with the motion opponent stimulus reduced the BOLD response within hMT+ and greater reductions in BOLD response were correlated with greater amounts of learning. The opposite relationship between BOLD and behaviour was found at V1 for the group trained on the motion-opponent stimulus and at both V1 and hMT+ for the group trained on the non-opponent motion stimulus. As the average response of many cells within MT to motion opponent stimuli is the same as their response to non-directional flickering noise, the reduced activation of hMT+ after training may reflect noise reduction.
Association between senescence‐related uncoupling protein 2 gene polymorphisms and abdominal obesity in Japanese subjects: The Tanno and Sobetsu study (2006)

Background: Uncoupling protein 2 ( UCP2 ) plays an important role in regulating body weight, energy expenditure and insulin secretion. UCP2 is upregulated in white fat in response to fat feeding, and negatively controls insulin secretion. UCP2 also has a function that protects cells from apoptosis and oxidative stress, which shows UCP2 might be a senescence‐related gene. Previously, UCP2 ‐866G/A polymorphism in the promoter region has been reported to alter adipose tissue mRNA expression and is associated with obesity in Caucasians. Methods: In this study, we investigated the association between this polymorphism and obesity, insulin secretion and hypertension in the general Japanese population. Results: The allele frequency of UCP2 ‐866G/A polymorphism was significantly higher in Japanese subjects compared to Caucasians. It revealed that subjects only in the obese group with the AA type of UCP2 ‐866G/A polymorphism had significantly higher levels of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that this polymorphism was independently associated with waist circumference. This positive association remained in the analysis of the subgroup younger than 65 years, but not in the older group. This polymorphism did not affect levels of insulin and homeostasis model assessment ratio (HOMA‐R). Conclusions: These results suggest that the AA type of UCP2 ‐866G/A polymorphism is related to abdominal obesity, which indicates the possible role of this polymorphism in causing metabolic syndromes.
Carbon‐Nanotube‐Supported Copper Polyphthalocyanine for Efficient and Selective Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to CO (2019)

Electroreduction of CO<sub>2</sub> to CO is one of the simplest ways to valorise CO<sub>2</sub> as a source of carbon. Herein, a cheap, robust, Cu-based hybrid catalyst consisting of a polymer of Cu phthalocyanine coated on carbon nanotubes, which proved to be selective for CO production (80 % faradaic yield) at relatively low overpotentials, was developed. Polymerisation of Cu phthalocyanine was shown to have a drastic effect on the selectivity of the reaction because molecular Cu phthalocyanine was instead selective for proton reduction under the same conditions. Although the material only showed isolated Cu sites in phthalocyanine-like CuN<sub>4</sub> coordination, in situ and operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy showed that, under operating conditions, the Cu atoms were fully converted to Cu nanoparticles, which were likely the catalytically active species. Interestingly, this restructuring of the metal sites was reversible.
The potential of Kevlar aramid nanofiber composite membranes (2020)

Kevlar aramid nanofibers (KANFs) are a fascinating class of one-dimensional organic nanomaterials with high-performance and show high potential in preparation of membranes for separation and energy conversion.
Oxalic Acid, a Versatile Coformer for Multicomponent Forms with 9-Ethyladenine (2022)

Six new multicomponent solids of 9-ethyladenine and oxalic acid have been detected and characterized. The salt screening has been performed by mechanochemical and solvent crystallization processes. Single crystals of the anhydrous salts in 1:1 and 2:1 nucleobase:coformer molar ratio were obtained by solution crystallization and elucidated by single-crystal X-ray analysis. The supramolecular interactions observed in these solids have been studied using density functional theory (DFT) calculations and characterized by the quantum theory of “atoms in molecules” (QTAIM) and the noncovalent interaction plot (NCIPlot) index methods. The energies of the H-bonding networks observed in the solid state of the anhydrous salts in 1:1 and 2:1 nucleobase:coformer are reported, disclosing the strong nature of the charge assisted NH···O hydrogen bonds and also the relative importance of ancillary C–H··O H-bonds.
Periodic structures generated by light in chiral liquid crystals (2007)

We discuss materials that reveal fundamental intercoupling of light and chirality in creation of complex structures. These materials are based on cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs) photosensitized by azobenzene nematics. Transformation of the one-dimensional periodic structure of such CLCs into complex spatial patterns takes place on macroscopic scales, over the whole area of the CLC layer, under the influence of low power radiation including LED, ambient illumination, and sunlight. The obtained structures, with their origin in the strain of the CLC layers caused by trans-cis photoisomerization precede a shift in the bandgap position of the CLCs. The effect is observed both in red-shifting as well as blue-shifting CLCs.
Towards a framework for evaluating and reporting Hansen solubility parameters: applications to particle dispersions (2021)

A thorough understanding of complex interactions within particulate systems is a key for knowledge-based formulations. Hansen solubility parameters (HSP) are widely used to assess the compatibility of the dispersed phase with the continuous phase. At present, the determination of HSP is often based on a liquid ranking list obtained by evaluating a pertinent dispersion parameter using only one pre-selected characterization method. Furthermore, one cannot rule out the possibility of subjective judgment especially for liquids for which it is difficult to decipher the compatibility or underlying interactions. As a result, the end value of HSP might be of little or no information. To overcome these issues, we introduce a generalized and technology-agnostic combinatorics-based procedure. We discuss the principles of the procedure and the implications of evaluating and reporting particle HSP values. We demonstrate the procedure by using SiN <sub><i>x</i></sub> particles synthesized in the gas phase. We leverage the analytical centrifugation data to evaluate stability trajectories of SiN <sub><i>x</i></sub> dispersions in various liquids to deduce particle-liquid compatibility.
Towards Computationally Verifiable Semantic Grounding for Language Models (2022)

The paper presents an approach to semantic grounding of language models (LMs) that conceptualizes the LM as a conditional model generating text given a desired semantic message formalized as a set of entity-relationship triples. It embeds the LM in an auto-encoder by feeding its output to a semantic parser whose output is in the same representation domain as the input message. Compared to a baseline that generates text using greedy search, we demonstrate two techniques that improve the fluency and semantic accuracy of the generated text: The first technique samples multiple candidate text sequences from which the semantic parser chooses. The second trains the language model while keeping the semantic parser frozen to improve the semantic accuracy of the auto-encoder. We carry out experiments on the English WebNLG 3.0 data set, using BLEU to measure the fluency of generated text and standard parsing metrics to measure semantic accuracy. We show that our proposed approaches significantly improve on the greedy search baseline. Human evaluation corroborates the results of the automatic evaluation experiments.