gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
First Focal Mechanisms of Marsquakes (2021)

Abstract Since February 2019, NASA's InSight lander is recording seismic signals on the planet Mars, which, for the first time, allows to observe ongoing tectonic processes with geophysical methods. A number of Marsquakes have been located in the Cerberus Fossae graben system in Elysium Planitia and further west, in the Orcus Patera depression. We present a first study of the focal mechanisms of three well‐recorded events (S0173a, S0183a, S0235b) to determine the processes dominating in the source region. We infer for all three events a predominantly extensional setting. Our method is adapted to the case of a single, multicomponent receiver and based on fitting waveforms of P and S waves against synthetic seismograms computed for the initial crustal velocity model derived by the InSight team. We explore the uncertainty due to the single‐station limitation and find that even data recorded by one station constrains the mechanisms (reasonably) well. For the events in the Cerberus Fossae region (S0173a, S0235b) normal faulting with a relatively steep dipping fault plane is inferred, suggesting an extensional regime mainly oriented E‐W to NE‐SW. The fault regime in the Orcus Patera region is not determined uniquely because only the P wave can be used for the source inversion. However, we find that the P and weak S waves of the S0183a event show similar polarities to the event S0173, which indicates similar fault regimes.
Abstract 3106: Design, synthesis, and screening of niclosamide analogs as androgen receptor degraders for hepatocellular carcinoma (2023)

Abstract Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is the leading form of liver cancer, the 6th most common type, and the 4th leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Interestingly, HCC occurs two to four times more in males than females. A possible explanation for this sexual dimorphism is the implication of androgen and the Androgen Receptor (AR). However, previous clinical trials among HCC patients have shown no significant survival benefit after the administration of antiandrogen drugs (e.g. Enzalutamide) that block the Ligand-Binding Domain (LBD) of the Full-length Androgen Receptor (AR-FL). Instead, our lab has developed a novel approach using small molecular analogs of the previously FDA-approved drug, Niclosamide, to degrade full-length AR and its spliced variants within HCC cell lines. The primary goal of this project was to evaluate the minimal necessary pharmacophores for the biological activity of the Niclosamide scaffold. To do so, 23 analogs were synthesized and tested on three different HCC cell lines (SNU 475, 423, and LM3) using a CCK8 cell viability assay. Preliminary results have shown that only Niclosamide analogs with i.) electron-withdrawing groups on the aniline ring; ii) a conserved hydroxy group on the salicylic ring, and iii) a free amide group in the middle have cytotoxic activity. Further work will be completed using western blot to determine if there’s any correlation between androgen receptor degradation and in vitro potency. In conclusion, Niclosamide analogs have indicated promising potential to inhibit HCC cell lines by targeting the Androgen Receptor. Citation Format: Jeffrey Cheng, Enming Xing, Shabber Mohammed, Emma Montgomery, Lauren Granchie, Christopher Coss, Pui-Kai Li. Design, synthesis, and screening of niclosamide analogs as androgen receptor degraders for hepatocellular carcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 3106.
Influence of porosity on electrical properties of low-k dielectrics irradiated with vacuum-ultraviolet radiation (2016)

During plasma processing, low-k dielectrics are exposed to high levels of vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) radiation emitted from the plasma. The porous structure of these materials makes them more sensitive to modification because of their low density and consequently deep penetration of active species into the film. Here, we investigate the changes to electrical properties of porous low-k dielectrics as a function of porosity after VUV irradiation. Organosilicate low-k films of porosities between 30% and 50% were exposed to synchrotron VUV radiation at 8 eV with a fluence of approximately 5 × 1014 photons/cm2. Capacitance-voltage measurements showed an increase in the dielectric constant along with a flat-band voltage shift. FTIR results show methyl depletion as well as water uptake after VUV treatment. These show that deterioration of the electrical properties after VUV exposure and the degree of damage are found to be higher for the more porous films.
Elastic properties and hardness values ofV2AlCandCr2AlCsingle crystals (2020)

Herein we report on a subset of the elastic constants, ${c}_{ij}$, and hardness values of ${\mathrm{V}}_{2}\mathrm{AlC}$ and $\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{r}}_{2}\mathrm{AlC}$ single crystals by means of microindentation/nanoindentation techniques. Density functional theory (DFT) is also used to calculate the elastic constants. The ${c}_{33}$ and ${c}_{11}$ values determined using a Berkovich tip and those calculated by DFT are all found to fall in the relatively narrow range of 320--350 GPa. These results confirm once again that many of MAX phases are relatively elastically isotropic, especially when compared to many other known layered solids such as graphite and mica. Similarly, the hardness values, obtained using Vickers, Berkovich, and a 5 \textmu{}m spherical tip on the two orthogonal $\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{r}}_{2}\mathrm{AlC}$ surfaces, are quite comparable and average 9.0 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 1 GPa. In all cases, the hardness values are at most 20% higher when the basal planes are loaded along [0001] than when they are loaded edge-on. The $\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{r}}_{2}\mathrm{AlC}$ surfaces record an average microyielding stress of 2.7 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.3 GPa, while the less defective ${\mathrm{V}}_{2}\mathrm{AlC}$ crystals linearly sustain stresses of the order of 20 GPa, after which, in approximately 60% of the cases, pop-ins, some of which are substantial, are recorded. Postindentation scanning electron microscope micrographs clearly evidence the plastic anisotropy of these crystals. Large pileups near the indent edges and delamination cracks after loading along the [0001] and $[10\overline{1}0]$ directions, respectively, are consistent with deformation by ripplocations and ripplocation boundaries, as are the fully and spontaneously recoverable hysteresis stress-strain loops.
Continuation power flow analysis for PV integration studies at distribution feeders (2017)

This paper presents a method for conducting continuation power flow simulation on high-solar penetration distribution feeders. A load disaggregation method is developed to disaggregate the daily feeder load profiles collected in substations down to each load node, where the electricity consumption of residential houses and commercial buildings are modeled using actual data collected from single family houses and commercial buildings. This allows the modeling of power flow and voltage profile along a distribution feeder on a continuing fashion for a 24-hour period at minute-by-minute resolution. By separating the feeder into load zones based on the distance between the load node and the feeder head, we studied the impact of PV penetration on distribution grid operation in different seasons and under different weather conditions for different PV placements.
Identification of Novel Downstream Molecules of Tissue Factor Activation by Comparative Proteomic Analysis (2013)

Tissue factor (TF) is both an initiator of blood coagulation and a signaling receptor. Using a proteomic approach, we investigated the role of TF in cell signaling when stimulated by its ligand, activated factor VII (FVIIa). From a 2-D difference gel electrophoresis (DIGE) study we found forty one spots that were differentially regulated over time in FVIIa stimulated cells or in comparison to nonstimulated cells. Mass spectrometry identifies 23 out of these as 13 different proteins. One of them, elongation factor 2 (EF-2), was investigated in greater detail by Western blot, a protein synthesis assay and cell cycle analysis. When tissue factor was stimulated by FVIIa, the phosphorylation of EF-2 increased which inactivates this protein. Analyzing the effect using site inactivated FVIIa (FVIIai), as well as the protease activated receptor 2 (PAR-2) agonist SLIGKV, indicated that the inactivation was not PAR-2 dependent. A panel of tissue factor mutants was analyzed further to try to pinpoint what part of the cytoplasmic domain that is needed for this effect. Performing a protein synthesis assay in two different cell lines we could confirm that protein synthesis decreased upon stimulation by FVIIa. Cell cycle analysis showed that FVIIa also promotes a higher degree of cell proliferation.
Gain-of-Function Screen for Genes That Affect Drosophila Muscle Pattern Formation (2005)

This article reports the production of an EP-element insertion library with more than 3,700 unique target sites within the Drosophila melanogaster genome and its use to systematically identify genes that affect embryonic muscle pattern formation. We designed a UAS/GAL4 system to drive GAL4-responsive expression of the EP-targeted genes in developing apodeme cells to which migrating myotubes finally attach and in an intrasegmental pattern of cells that serve myotubes as a migration substrate on their way towards the apodemes. The results suggest that misexpression of more than 1.5% of the Drosophila genes can interfere with proper myotube guidance and/or muscle attachment. In addition to factors already known to participate in these processes, we identified a number of enzymes that participate in the synthesis or modification of protein carbohydrate side chains and in Ubiquitin modifications and/or the Ubiquitin-dependent degradation of proteins, suggesting that these processes are relevant for muscle pattern formation.
13‐2: Invited Paper : New “Glass Signage” Manufacturing, “Glass Direct Bonded LCD” and “Transparent Glass Screen” (2016)

Two kinds of new “glass signage” have been developed using the glass integration platform technology. Bonding technology using original glue can convert a window glass to signage instantly. Original glue has unique properties, high transparency, low Haze, refractive index which is almost the same as glass. It can be used without UV irradiation and without heat treatment for direct glass bonding. Glass having the original glue as adhesive layer is useful as cover glass of LCD panel. Low temperature glass lamination technology with original interlayer provides a transparent glass screen for digital projectors. These platform technology will expand display applications.
Effect of Aqueous Anions on Graphene Exfoliation (2020)

Ion partitioning behavior in electrolyte solutions plays an important role in drug delivery and therapeutics, protein folding, materials science, filtration, and energy applications such as supercapacitors. Here, we show that the segregation of ions in solutions also plays an important role in the exfoliation of natural flake graphite to pristine graphene. Polarizable anions such as iodide and acetate segregate to the interfacial region of the aqueous phase during solvent interfacial trapping exfoliation of graphene. Ordered water layers and accumulated charges near the graphene surface aid in separating graphene sheets from bulk graphite, and, more importantly, reduce the reversibility of the exfoliation event. The observed phenomenon results not only in the improved stability of graphene-stabilized emulsions but also in a low-cost and environmentally friendly way of enhancing the production of graphene.
Stability of the Craniovertebral Junction After Unilateral Occipital Condyle Resection: A Biomechanical Study (1998)

Abstract 724 Introduction: Portions of the occipital condyle are resected during approaches (far/extreme lateral) to the ventral craniovertebral junction. This study was undertaken to determine biomechanics at the occipitoatlantal (C0-C1) and atlantoaxial (C1-C2) joints after gradient unilateral condylectomy. Materials and Methods: Six human cadaveric specimens (skull/upper cervical spine) underwent nondestructive biomechanical testing (physiological loads) in flexion/extension (fx/ex), lateral bending, and axial rotation. Axial translation (tension to compression) was studied across C0-C2. Each specimen served as its own control and underwent baseline testing in the intact state, followed by testing after progressive unilateral condylectomy (25% intervals until completion), which were performed under frameless stereotaxic guidance. Results: At C0-C1, statistically significant increases (from baseline) in mobility were observed, starting at 50% condylectomy, for all motions tested. There was a 15.3%, 40.8%, and 28.1% increase in fx/ex, axial rotation, and lateral bending, respectively. At 75%, the values increased (from baseline)...
Fabrication and characterization of 3D fin-channel MANOS type flash memory (2014)

The 3D fin-channel charge-trapping (CT) type flash memories with a high-k Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> blocking layer (MANOS) have successfully been fabricated by scaling down L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">g</sub> to 22 nm, and their electrical characteristics including variability of threshold voltage (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> ), endurance and retention characteristics have systematically been investigated. Thanks to the high-k effect of an Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> blocking layer, it was found that the better short-channel effect (SCE) immunity and a larger memory window are obtained in the fabricated MANOS type flash memories than the MONOS ones with a SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> blocking layer.
Data from Tumor Lymphatic Function Regulates Tumor Inflammatory and Immunosuppressive Microenvironments (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Proliferation of aberrant, dysfunctional lymphatic vessels around solid tumors is a common histologic finding. Studies have shown that abnormalities in lymphatic function result in accumulation of inflammatory cells with an immunosuppressive profile. We tested the hypothesis that dysfunctional lymphatic vessels surrounding solid tumors regulate changes in the tumor microenvironment and tumor-specific immune responses. Using subcutaneously implanted mouse melanoma and breast cancer tumors in a lymphatic endothelial cell–specific diphtheria toxin receptor transgenic mouse, we found that local ablation of lymphatic vessels increased peritumoral edema, as compared with controls. Comparative analysis of the peritumoral fluid demonstrated increases in the number of macrophages, CD4&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; inflammatory cells, F4/80&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;/Gr-1&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; (myeloid-derived suppressor cells), CD4&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;/Foxp3&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; (Tregs) immunosuppressive cells, and expression of inflammatory cytokines such as TNFα, IFNγ, and IL1β following lymphatic ablation. Tumors grown in lymphatic ablated mice exhibited reduced intratumoral accumulation of cytotoxic T cells and increased tumor PD-L1 expression, causing rapid tumor growth, compared with tumors grown in nonlymphatic-ablated mice. Our study suggests that lymphatic dysfunction plays a role in regulating tumor microenvironments and may be therapeutically targeted in combination with immunotherapy to prevent tumor growth and progression.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Correlating Titania Nanostructured Morphologies with Performance as Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries (2016)

Titanium oxide is a ubiquitous and commonly used material in the environment. Herein, we have systematically probed the use of various hydrothermally derived titania (TiO2) architectures including zero-dimensional (0D) nanoparticles, one-dimensional (1D) nanowires, and three-dimensional (3D) urchin-like motifs as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. The structure and morphology of these nanomaterials were characterized using electron microscopy. The surface areas of these materials were quantitatively analyzed through Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) adsorption measurements and were found to be relatively similar for both 1D and 3D samples with a slightly higher surface area associated with the 0D nanoparticles. Hence, to normalize for the surface area effect, readily available 0D commercial nanoparticles (Degussa P25), which possessed a similar surface area to that of as-prepared 1D and 3D materials, were also analyzed. Electrochemical analysis revealed a superior performance of hydrothermally derived 3D urchin-like motifs as compared with both as-prepared 0D and 1D samples as well as commercial Degussa P25. Our studies suggest the greater overall importance of morphology as opposed to surface area in dictating the efficiency of the Li ion diffusion process. Specifically, the 3D urchins yielded consistent rate capabilities, delivering 214, 167, 120, 99, and 52 mAh/g under corresponding discharge rates of 0.1, 1, 10, 20, and 50 C, respectively. Moreover, these 3D motifs gave rise to a stable cycling performance, exhibiting a capacity retention of ∼90% in cycles 1–100 under a discharge rate of 1 C. Furthermore, the rate capability and cycling performance of our 3D hierarchical motifs were (i) comparable to those of anatase TiO2/TiO2-(B) hybrid structures even with little if any electrochemically promising bronze (B) phase herein and (ii) clearly enhanced as compared with previous results using similar anatase 3D microspheres.
Acute Kidney Injury Risk Assessment and the Nephrology Rapid Response Team (2016)

Acute kidney Injury (AKI) is a serious medical condition affecting more than 10 million people around the world annually and resulting in poor outcomes. It has been suggested that late recognition of the syndrome may lead to delayed interventions with increased morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis and timely therapeutic strategies may be the cornerstone of future improvement in outcomes. The purpose of this article is to provide a practical model to identify patients at high risk for AKI in different environments, with the goal to prevent AKI. We describe the AKI Risk Assessment (ARA) as a proposed algorithm that systematically evaluates the patient in high-risk situations of AKI in a simple way no matter where the patient is located, and allows different medical specialists to approach patients as a team with a nephrologist to improve outcomes. The goal of the nephrology rapid response team (NRRT) is to prevent AKI or start treatment if AKI is already diagnosed as a consequence of progressive events that can lead to progressive deterioration of kidney tissues and eventual decline in renal function and to ensure appropriate follow-up of patients at risk for progressive chronic kidney disease after the episode of AKI. Prevention is the key to avoid mortality and morbidity associated with AKI. Integration of these assessment tools in a global methodology that includes a multi-disciplinary team (NRRT) is critical to success. Video Journal Club 'Cappuccino with Claudio Ronco' at http://www.karger.com/?doi=452402.
Image-Level Attentional Context Modeling Using Nested-Graph Neural Networks (2018)

We introduce a new scene graph generation method called image-level attentional context modeling (ILAC). Our model includes an attentional graph network that effectively propagates contextual information across the graph using image-level features. Whereas previous works use an object-centric context, we build an image-level context agent to encode the scene properties. The proposed method comprises a single-stream network that iteratively refines the scene graph with a nested graph neural network. We demonstrate that our approach achieves competitive performance with the state-of-the-art for scene graph generation on the Visual Genome dataset, while requiring fewer parameters than other methods. We also show that ILAC can improve regular object detectors by incorporating relational image-level information.
Variants of the orexin2/hcrt2 receptor gene identified in patients with excessive daytime sleepiness and patients with Tourette's syndrome comorbidity (2004)

Abstract The orexin‐2/hypocretin‐2 ( OX2R ) receptor gene is mutated in canine narcolepsy and disruption of the prepro‐orexin / hypocretin ligand gene results in both an animal model of narcolepsy and sporadic cases of the human disease. This evidence suggests that the structure of the OX2R gene, and its homologue, the OX1R gene, both members of the G protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR) family, and the gene encoding the peptide ligands, the prepro‐orexin / hypocretin gene, may be variables in the etiology of sleep disorders. We report a single stranded conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis of the coding regions of these genes in idiopathic sleep disorder patients diagnosed with excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) (n = 28), narcolepsy (n = 28), Tourette's syndrome/chronic vocal or motor tic disorder (n = 70), and control subjects (n = 110). Two EDS patients showed a Pro11Thr change. One Tourette's syndrome patient was found to have a Pro10Ser alteration. The Pro10Ser and Pro11Thr variants were not found in non‐disease populations. Analysis of the ability of the mutant receptors to mobilize calcium compared to the wild‐type receptor in response to orexin agonists indicated that they resulted in decreased potency at high (ηM) concentrations of orexin ligands. Further work is warranted to study the variability of the orexin/hypocretin system in a variety of disorders characterized by EDS. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Essential Oils-Loaded Polymer Particles: Preparation, Characterization and Antimicrobial Property (2019)

In the last few years, essential oils (EOs) derived from plants have aroused great interest due to their well-known antimicrobial activity. Unfortunately, they present several limitations in their use, such as photosensitivity, temperature sensitivity, high volatility, and poor water solubility. The encapsulation technique represents a good solution to these problems and ensures protection of the functional properties of essential oils. In this work, bergamot essential oil (BEO) and sweet orange essential oil (OEO) loaded-Eudragit<sup>®</sup> RS 100 (EuRS100) nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by using the nanoprecipitation technique. We obtained nanoparticles characterized by a mean diameter of 57 to 208 nm and a positive surface charge (39 to 74 mV). The antibacterial activity of the obtained systems against <i>Escherichia coli</i> was in vitro investigated. We demonstrated that both orange and bergamot essential oils were successfully encapsulated and our nanoparticles have good antibacterial activity. Finally, in order to evaluate the potential applicability of OEONps to prolong fresh orange juice shelf-life, survival of <i>E. coli</i> during a storage period of one week at 25 °C was investigated: Orange essential oil-loaded nanoparticles (OEONPs) have been able to prolong the orange juice shelf life.
Growth of low‐dislocation‐density AlGaN using Mg‐doped AlN underlying layer (2010)

Abstract We report on a new technology for growing low‐dislocation‐density AlGaN in which a Mg‐doped AlN underlying layer is used. By growing Al x Ga 1‐x N on AlN:Mg with AlN molar fractions x of 0.3, 0.5 and 0.7, the density of misfit dislocations is much reduced compared with that in the case of growing AlGaN on undoped AlN. In addition, the surface becomes atomically flat. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)