gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
UV Bragg grating inscription in germanium-doped photonic crystal fibers (2010)

The design flexibility of photonic crystal fibers has accelerated the development of specialty optical fibers for a wide variety of applications. Optical fiber sensor applications for instance can benefit from this fiber technology. Fiber Bragg grating inscriptions in photonic crystal fibers have been reported with inscription setups that go from continuous-wave to femtosecond pulsed laser sources. However, the compatibility of the microstructures in these fibers with conventional ultraviolet inscription techniques was never before investigated in a broad range of (Germanium doped) fibers. We present UV laser induced dynamics of Bragg gratings growths in photonic crystal fibers with a hexagonal arrangement of 6 rings of airholes around a Germanium doped core region. The average refractive index increase and the refractive index modulation by the grating inscription process are compared for microstructures with several doping levels, airhole filling factors, airhole pitch distance and fiber orientation. We show how the parameters of the microstructure can influence the Bragg grating inscriptions. In addition we expand the range of fibers in which Bragg gratings, with reflection strengths that are useable for sensing purposes, can be inscribed to fibers with Germanium doping concentrations as low as 1.36 and 0.45 mol%.
<title>Investigation of supperlattice infrared photodetectors to reach the background-limited performance at high temperature</title> (2001)

We have first investigated three superlattice infrared photodetectors in order to raise their temperature for the background limited performance. Their basic structure is a 20-period GaAs(6nm)/Al<SUB>0.32</SUB>Ga<SUB>0.78</SUB>As(4nm) superlattice sandwiched between two 50nm Al<SUB>x</SUB>Ga<SUB>1-x</SUB>As blocking layers. We changed the barrier height (x) of the blocking layers and the well doping density (Nd) to see their effects on the temperature for the background limited performance. Three samples were grown with molecular beam epitaxy. The associated parameters (x, Nd) of Devices A, B and C are (0.28, 10<SUP>18</SUP>), (0.28, 10<SUP>17</SUP>) and (0.24, 10<SUP>17</SUP>) respectively. The unit for N<SUB>d</SUB> is cm<SUP>-3</SUP>. The comparison between A and B is to see the effect of the doping density while that between B and C is the barrier height. The I-V characteristics of the three detectors at various temperatures have been investigated carefully. Two important experimental results have been concluded. A high doping density not only decreases the activation energy and increases the dark current but also increases the impurity scattering for the photoelectrons. For the dark current, high activation energy puts down the dark current and extends the dominant region of the thermionic emission current. Applying those results, we changed the parameters into (0.32, 5 X 10<SUP>16</SUP>) and successfully fabricated a superlattice infrared photodetector to reach the background limited performance at 77K. The detectivity for the detector at 77K with wavelength 8.81 micrometers is 4.3 X 10<SUP>9</SUP> cm(root)Hz/W.
Joint power control, receiver beamforming and adaptive multi base station coordination for uplink wireless communications (2010)

We concentrate on the sum power minimization problem for the uplink of wireless cellular systems in this paper. Given a certain quality-of-service (QoS) constraint per mobile station (MS), the optimal power control and receiver beamforming are jointly considered with adaptive multi base station set (MBS) selection for joint reception. An iterative optimization algorithm is proposed accordingly. Although the problem is non-convex in general, it can always be optimally solved via the proposed algorithm as long as it is feasible. By changing the size of MBS, the system performance in terms of the transmit power over all MSs is evaluated through system level simulations. The results show that the transmit power can be significantly reduced even with a small size MBS, which is of a great interests for uplink communications.
Lymphokine requirements for the development of specific cytotoxic T cells from single precursors (1991)

A high cloning efficiency, filler cell-free culture system was developed for the growth of single murine cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors (CTLp) and their differentiation into cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). The system used nonspecific stimulation with phorbol ester and calcium ionophore in the presence of recombinant lymphokines. The optimal lymphokine combination was interleukin 2 throughout, together with interferon-gamma during the first 6 days and interleukin 6 during the last 2 days of culture. Under these conditions half of all CD4-CD8+ T cells became CTL clones. The CTL were CD4-CD8+CD3+ TcR alpha/beta+ and were derived from CD4-CD8+Pgp-1- precursors.
Fixed-Order H-Infinity Control for Interconnected Systems Using Delay Differential Algebraic Equations (2011)

We analyze and design H-infinity controllers for general time-delay systems with time-delays in systems' state, inputs, and outputs. We allow the designer to choose the order of the controller and to introduce constant time-delays into the controller. The closed-loop system of the plant and the controller is modeled by a system of delay differential algebraic equations (DDAEs). The advantage of the DDAE modeling framework is that any interconnection of systems and controllers prone to various types of delays can be dealt with in a systematic way, without using any elimination technique. We present a predictor-corrector algorithm for the H-infinity norm computation of systems described by DDAEs. Instrumental to this we analyze the properties of the H-infinity norm. In particular, we illustrate that it may be sensitive with respect to arbitrarily small delay perturbations. Due to this sensitivity, we introduce the strong H-infinity norm, which explicitly takes into account small delay perturbations, inevitable in any practical control application. We present a numerical algorithm to compute the strong H-infinity norm for DDAEs. Using this algorithm and the computation of the gradient of the strong H-infinity norm with respect to the controller parameters, we minimize the strong H-infinity norm of the closed-loop system based on nonsmooth, nonconvex optimization methods. By this approach, we tune the controller parameters and design H-infinity controllers with a prescribed order or structure.
Abstract CT085: Pharmacodynamic correlates in a phase I study of INCMGA00012, a PD-1 antagonistic monoclonal antibody (2019)

Abstract Background: The role of the PD-1 / PD-L1 axis in limiting T cell activity has been well established. Effective blockade of this pathway has been demonstrated to lead to an increase in T cell activity and to yield clinical activity in cancer patients. INCMGA00012 is a humanized IgG4 monoclonal antibody that binds to human PD-1 and blocks its interaction with PD-L1/PD-L2. This therapeutic antibody has demonstrated acceptable tolerability with evidence of clinical activity in a phase 1 study in patients with solid tumors (NCT03059823). Pharmacodynamic markers demonstrating biological activity of INCMGA0012 were assessed in samples collected during the study. Methods: Blood samples were collected at baseline and at various time points following treatment from patients receiving doses of either 3mg/Kg (Q2W) in the tumor-specific expansion cohort or a flat-dose of 500 or 750mg (Q4W) in the tumor-agnostic expansion cohort. Receptor occupancy was measured on circulating T cells by flow cytometry and serum cytokine levels were measured using either a proximity extension assay or immunoassays. In addition, circulating immune cell phenotyping was analyzed using flow cytometry and PBMC functionality evaluated using ex-vivo re-stimulation. Results: All tested doses of INCMGA0012 evaluated demonstrated a full saturation of the PD-1 receptor at trough on circulating CD4 and CD8 T cells. In all tested cohorts, an increase in serum CXCL9 and CXCL10 was observed following infusion with INCMGA0012. Moreover, an increase in the proliferation of circulating T cells was observed on treatment compared to baseline. Concurrently, following ex vivo re-stimulation, T cells isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells demonstrated an increased capacity to secrete cytokines. Conclusion: These results provide evidence that INCMGA0012 is biologically active and leads to an increase in IFNγ-related protein levels (i.e. CXCL9 and CXCL10) and in T cell proliferation. The clinical activity of INCMGA0012 is undergoing further evaluation in several indications, including endometrial cancer, Merkel cell carcinoma and squamous carcinoma of the anal canal. Several combination studies have also been initiated. Citation Format: Thomas Condamine, Sherry Owens, Patricia Feldman, Ross La Motte-Mohs, John Muth, Bradley Sumrow, Paul Moore, Robert Newton. Pharmacodynamic correlates in a phase I study of INCMGA00012, a PD-1 antagonistic monoclonal antibody [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr CT085.
Development of closed-form solutions for fast thermal modeling of rotating electric machinery (2013)

Accurate knowledge of winding temperature is critical for the control, protection, and real-time monitoring of high-performance electric machines. Lumped parameter and finite element analyses can be used to model thermal stress, but both have drawbacks in applications where fast estimates of local temperature distributions are necessary. To overcome this, a closed-form solution for the steady-state stator temperature distribution over one slot pitch in a radial air gap electric machine is presented. Machine symmetry and material thermal properties are used to create a representative layer model in which a solution to Laplace's equation is developed. In addition to lumped parameter and three-dimensional (3D) finite element models, the method is verified through experimental results. Analytical model winding temperature predictions are within about 2.5% of finite element model predictions. Estimates of stator slot, tooth, and end-winding temperatures are within 7% of experimental measurements. The results are shown to have value for parametric machine design and protection.
Molecular sieve catalysts as substitutes for metal chlorides in the chemical industry: Some selected examples (2011)

The current main concern of global sustainable development pushes toward the substitution of corrosive and highly waste-producing chlorine-containing conventional catalysts (such as the strongly acidic AlCl 3 –HCl mixture, still widely used in the production of chemicals) by environmentally friendly systems. The outstanding benefits in terms of environmental sustainability as well as of economic advantage related to the use of acid and micro- and/or mesoporous molecular sieves are here depicted, analyzing some selected examples in the field of oil refining, petrochemicals, and fine chemicals production: namely, n -C 5 –C 6 alkane isomerization, isobutane/butene (I/B) alkylation, benzene ethylation, aromatic acylation, and Fries rearrangement. In the large-scale processes of refining and petrochemistry, the shift toward this kind of green and efficient solid catalysts is an established reality. In contrast, in fine chemicals synthesis, most of the novelties are still at a lab-scale level, and additional hurdles, related to the large differences between the national legislations about environmental protection, strongly limit this substitution.
Development of Poly(Phenylene)-Based Materials for Thin Film Applications: Optical Waveguides and Low Dielectric Materials (1993)

Abstract We have synthesized and evaluated poly(phenylene)-based materials made via spin-coatable polymeric precursors for such thin film applications as optical waveguides and low dielectric materials. Poly(phenylene) precursors were prepared by radical polymerization of cyclohexadiene-1, 2-diol derivatives containing various leaving groups. The precursors were converted into poly(phenylene) either by curing at 300°C or by deep-UV exposure in the presence of a photoacid generator. Poly(phenylene) has a number of desirable properties including good near-IR transmission, low dielectric constant, thermal and environmental stability, low water absorption, and ease of pattern fabrication using microlithographic techniques. Copolymer precursors based on 1,2-diaceto-3,5-cyclohexadiene and styrene derivatives as well as copolymers with Nsubstituted maleimide derivatives were prepared by radical copolymerization. The copolymer precursors were converted into poly(phenylene) copolymers either by annealing at 300°C or by deep-UV exposure in the presence of a photoacid generator. The results of this study indicate that copolymerization allows the incorporation of comonomers that can control dielectric and optical properties as well as glass transition temperature.
Probing the Mechanism of Aqueous CO2 Reduction on Post-Transition-Metal Electrodes using ATR-IR Spectroelectrochemistry (2016)

The role of metastable surface oxides in the reduction of CO2 on lead, bismuth, tin, and indium electrodes was probed using in situ attenuated total reflectance infrared (ATR-IR) spectroelectrochemistry. The effect of the surface oxide on the Faradaic efficiency of CO2 reduction to formic acid was studied by etching and anodizing the electrodes, and the results were correlated with respect to the observed spectroscopic behavior of the catalysts. A metastable oxide is observed on lead, tin, and indium cathodes under the electrochemical conditions necessary for CO2 reduction. Spectroscopic evidence suggests that bismuth electrodes are fully reduced to the metal under the same conditions. The dynamics of the electroreduction of CO2 at lead and bismuth electrodes appears to be different from that on on tin and indium electrodes, which suggests that these catalysts act through different mechanistic pathways. The post-transition-metal block can be divided into three classes of materials: oxide-active materials, oxide-buffered materials, and oxide-independent materials, and the mechanistic differences are discussed.
Nitrogen-Enriched Porous Benzimidazole-Linked Polymeric Network for the Adsorption of La (III), Ce (III), and Nd (III) (2020)

A porous benzimidazole-linked polymer, synthesized by a microwave-assisted procedure, exhibits an adsorption capacity of 760 mg/g, 700 mg/g, and 840 mg/g, respectively, for three rare earth ions, La (III), Ce (III), and Nd (III). The synthesized BINP polymer has an average pore size of 90 Å, a total pore volume of 0.03 cm3/g and a surface area of 21 m2/g. The electrostatic interaction between the positively charged polymer and the negatively charged rare-earth ions is responsible for the adsorption process, which is governed by the Langmuir or Freundlich isotherm. Adsorbed metal ions can be easily dissociated from the polymer, enabling polymer reusability with high recovery and efficiency.
Amelioration of immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritis by synthetic protease inhibitors. (1987)

Proteases are involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases by participating in the activation of mediator systems and by producing proteolytic tissue injury. Homeostatic control of inflammation is accomplished in part by physiologic protease inhibitors. The authors investigated the effectiveness of a number of synthetic protease inhibitors in ameliorating the glomerular injury induced by immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritis in mice. Two amidine-type protease inhibitors, bis (5-amidino-2-benzimidazolyl)methane and 1,2-bis (5-amidino-2-benzimidazolyl)ethane, had the greatest effects. They caused a marked reduction in glomerular necrosis (P less than 0.001) but did not affect the amount or site of immune complex localization or leukocyte influx. The inhibition constants of the protease inhibitors against nine purified physiologic proteases were determined. These results were discussed in relation to the effectiveness of the protease inhibitors in reducing glomerular injury. This investigation indicates that the administration of synthetic protease inhibitors can have a beneficial effect on immune-mediated inflammatory injury.
A Survey on Acquisition, Tracking, and Pointing Mechanisms for Mobile Free-Space Optical Communications (2018)

This paper presents a comprehensive survey on acquisition, tracking, and pointing (ATP) mechanisms used in free-space optical (FSO) communications systems. ATP mechanisms are a critical component for a wide variety of use cases of mobile FSO communications. ATP mechanisms are used to align an FSO transmitter and receiver to attain line-of-sight, which is required for effective operation of FSO communications. Transceiver motion is not only associated to mobile stations but also to temporary displacements experienced by stationary FSO terminals, such as in building-to-building FSO communications. This survey categorizes ATP mechanisms according to their working principles, use cases, and implementation technology. This paper also discusses advantages and disadvantages of the surveyed ATP mechanisms, and presents a discussion on challenges and future research.
Architectural T-Wave Analysis and Identification of On-Therapy Breakthrough Arrhythmic Risk in Type 1 and Type 2 Long-QT Syndrome (2017)

Detailed morphological analysis of the T wave provides novel insights into risk of breakthrough arrhythmic events in LQTS, particularly LQT2. This observation has the potential to guide clinical decision making and further refine risk stratification.
Advances in GaN laser diodes for quantum sensors and optical atomic clocks (2020)

Quantum technologies containing key GaN laser components will enable a new generation of high precision quantum sensors, optical atomic clocks and secure communication systems for many applications such as next generation navigation, gravity mapping and timing since the AlGaInN material system allows for laser diodes to be fabricated over a wide range of wavelengths from the u.v. to the visible. We report our latest results on a range of AlGaInN diode-lasers targeted to meet the linewidth, wavelength and power requirements suitable for optical clocks and cold-atom interferometry systems. This includes the [5s<sup>2</sup>S<sub>1/2</sub>-5p<sup>2</sup>P<sub>1/2</sub>] cooling transition in strontium<sup>+</sup> ion optical clocks at 422 nm, the [5s<sub>2</sub><sup>1</sup>S<sub>0</sub>-5p<sup>1</sup>P<sub>1</sub>] cooling transition in neutral strontium clocks at 461 nm and the [5s<sup>2</sup>s<sub>1/2</sub> – 6p<sup>2</sup>P<sub>3/2</sub>] transition in rubidium at 420 nm. Several approaches are taken to achieve the required linewidth, wavelength and power, including an extended cavity laser diode (ECLD) system and an on-chip grating, distributed feedback (DFB) GaN laser diode.
Repeat Subcutaneous Administration of REGEN-COV ® in Adults is Well-Tolerated and Prevents the Occurrence of COVID-19 (2021)

Abstract Background Data show that a single dose of casirivimab and imdevimab (REGEN-COV ® ) is effective in treating hospitalized individuals and outpatients with COVID-19 and in post-exposure prophylaxis. We present results from a phase 1, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial evaluating the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of repeat monthly doses of subcutaneous (SC) REGEN-COV in uninfected adult volunteers who were healthy or had chronic stable medical conditions. Methods Subjects were randomized (3:1) to SC REGEN-COV 1200 mg or placebo dosed every 4 weeks for up to 6 doses. The primary and secondary endpoints evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetics, and immunogenicity of multiple-dose administration of REGEN-COV. Efficacy was evaluated by the incidence of COVID-19 or SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion. Results In total, 969 subjects were treated. Repeat monthly dosing of SC REGEN-COV led to a 92.4% relative risk reduction in clinically-defined COVID-19 compared to placebo (3/729 [0.4%] vs 13/240 [5.4%]; odds ratio: 0.07 [95% CI, 0.01–0.27]), and a 100% reduction in laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 (0/729 vs 10/240 [4.2%]; odds ratio 0.00). Development of anti-drug antibodies was low (&lt;5% subjects). No grade ≥3 injection-site reactions (ISRs) or hypersensitivity reactions were reported. A slightly higher percentage of subjects reported TEAEs with REGEN-COV (54.9%) than placebo (48.3%), due to ISRs (all grade 1-2). Serious adverse events were rare and occurred at similar percentages in the REGEN-COV and placebo groups. No deaths were reported in the 6-month treatment period. Conclusions Repeated monthly administration of 1200 mg SC REGEN-COV was well-tolerated with low immunogenicity, and showed a substantial risk reduction in COVID-19 occurrence. ( ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT04519437 )
Spin-on doping of porous silicon and its effect on photoluminescence and transport characteristics (1997)

We have investigated a novel way to dope porous Si layers with (B) and/or (P) using the spin-on doping technique. Under certain conditions, pore filling by the dopant solution was measured to be near 90%–95% leading to a homogeneous coverage of the porous skeleton. Near two orders of magnitude decrease in diode resistance was achievable following rapid thermal activation in a N2 atmosphere of B only or B+P double doped porous Si. Photoluminescence (PL) intensities observed in B+P double doped porous layers were significant. Relative to as-prepared samples, the PL intensities of double doped samples were weaker for porous Si on n-type and stronger for porous Si formed on p-type Si. In both cases, the PL magnitudes after double doping were comparable.
Session 14 overview: Digital clocking and PLLs: High-performance digital subcommittee (2012)

Lists the sessions held at the conference proceedings.