gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Suppression of Stick-Slip in an Oil-Seal-Mounted Geared Motor for Forward-Drivability Improvement (2019)

Good forward-drivability characteristics are essential for applications such as position, velocity, and force control. Geared motors, usually employed in industrial robots, require lubrication in their gears, and consequently, some form of sealing is needed to avoid leaking. While oil seals prevent leaking, they increase nonlinear frictional effects, which result in stick-slip during velocity zero-crossings, thereby deteriorating the forward-drivability. This paper proposes a stick-slip suppression method based on a velocity-driven N-order stick compensator (VDNSC), which works as an order-variable friction compensator formed by the velocity-driven switching of the internal components of a high order Q-filter. Experiments with torque and velocity control confirm that the proposed method improves the forward-drivability, allowing for more precise motion even under large friction.
Advanced Electronic Warfare Receiver Forecast (1987)

It is desirable to have a set of universal requirements for electronic warfare (EW) receivers so that every receiver designer need only fulfill this one set of requirements. It is very difficult, however, to provide such a set of generic requirements for EW receivers. Not only will different missions require receivers with different specifications , but requirements are also driven by available technology. For example, if a Bragg cell has a bandwidth of 1 GHz, the bandwidth of the complete optical processor (receiver) will be limited to 1 GHz or less. Receiver requirements are also dictated by other subsystems in the EW system. For example, if the digital processor following a receiver can process only 100,000 pulses/second, there is no need to design a receiver to receive more than 100,000 pulses/second because the additional pulses received will either be ignored by the processor or, as is more likely, cause a partial or complete processor failure.
Photochemical Behavior of Nifedipine Derivatives and Application to Photosensitive Polymers. (1994)

Photochemical conversion of 4-(2′-nitrophenyl)-1, 4-dihydropyridine derivatives was found to act as a chromophore for photosensitive polyimide precursors giving a dual imaging-mode characteristics. The sensitivities and contrasts for the negative and positive-working poly (amic-acid)'s were evaluated. The photochemical behaviors such as the quantum yields of the photoemission and the conversion, the reaction products and the transient species were studied. The mechanism of photosensitizing poly(amic-acid) was proposed.
Imaging LIDAR through Fog and Dust for Maritime Surveillance (2016)

This work supports Airborne Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) for tactical situational awareness in challenging environments with modified imaging LIDAR (light detection and ranging). LIDAR produces an irradiance-based scene with high, three-dimensional, spatial resolution; differentiating reflecting surfaces and surface textures not just for target detection, but also target recognition. LIDAR is generally prevented from working through all weather; as the traditional source wavelengths are scattered and/or absorbed by fog, clouds, and dust known as degraded visual environments (DVEs). This work identifies and quantifies improved optical wavelength regimes and polarization strategies that should open this otherwise denied operating window for LIDAR. We demonstrate modified imaging LIDAR's utility and ability to produce images in environments that have been challenging for traditional LIDAR (fog, dust) systems. We utilize a state-of-the-art Geiger mode avalanche photodiode (GMAPD) 32X32 detecting array for imaging with an integrated fast timing circuit ROIC per imaging detector pixel. This GMAPD is equivalent to 1024 radar receivers and produces a 3-D point cloud scene for each %3Clnsec laser interrogation pulse. Through this work, we have demonstrated Sandia's first imaging LIDAR system. We developed significant software to scan the GMAPD array, control data acquisition, and stitch an arbitrary number of images for greater lateral spatial resolution. We designed and built an optical system to evaluate performance, in the laboratory and in field tests, and relate to the performance at tactically important distances. Our use of this system is to study and characterize techniques that extend the range of useful imaging through fog for applications in a maritime environment. We quantify, with simulations, broad wavelength regimes and illuminating polarizations that have benefit in propagating through fog. In particular, we identify circular polarization over broad wavebands as a superior persisting signal technique in extending the useful range of active LIDAR in forward-scattering environments. Finally, we characterize the performance of our LIDAR system and confirm our theoretical predictions in the field and directly evaluate this system as a function of polarization in Sandia's medium-range Fog Tunnel Facility. This technology has potential impacts in improved ISR in maritime environments, but with further development could be revolutionary in tactical ISR by providing real-time three-dimensional full motion video (3D FMV) in DVEs.
Prostate-specific membrane antigen cleavage of vitamin B9 stimulates oncogenic signaling through metabotropic glutamate receptors (2017)

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) or folate hydrolase 1 (FOLH1) is highly expressed on prostate cancer. Its expression correlates inversely with survival and increases with tumor grade. However, the biological role of PSMA has not been explored, and its role in prostate cancer remained elusive. Filling this gap, we demonstrate that in prostate cancer, PSMA initiates signaling upstream of PI3K through G protein-coupled receptors, specifically via the metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR). PSMA's carboxypeptidase activity releases glutamate from vitamin B9 and other glutamated substrates, which activate mGluR I. Activated mGluR I subsequently induces activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) through phosphorylation of p110β independent of <i>PTEN</i> loss. The p110β isoform of PI3K plays a particularly important role in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer, but the origin of its activation was so far unknown. PSMA expression correlated with PI3K-Akt signaling in cells, animal models, and patients. We interrogated the activity of the PSMA-PI3K axis through positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Inhibition of PSMA in preclinical models inhibited PI3K signaling and promoted tumor regression. Our data present a novel oncogenic signaling role of PSMA that can be exploited for therapy and interrogated with imaging.
4-(((4-Iodophenyl)methyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-ylamino)-benzonitrile: A Potential Imaging Agent for Aromatase (2016)

Aromatase (CYP19) is a rate-limiting enzyme that catalyzes the biosynthesis of estrogens. Imaging agents based on aromatase inhibitors (AIs) have been developed for a PET/SPECT study. A series of compounds was synthesized based on YM511, which has previously been used for breast cancer treatment. Two examples of these derivatives, 4-(((4-iodophenyl)methyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl-amino)-benzonitrile (5) and 4-((1H-imidazol-1-yl)(4-iodobenzyl)amino)benzonitrile (11), displayed potent binding affinities to human aromatase (IC<sub>50</sub> = 0.17 and 0.04 nM, respectively). Biodistribution and autoradiographic studies revealed that [<sup>125</sup>I]5 and [<sup>125</sup>I]11 were highly accumulated in the stomach (16.21 and 10.88% dose/g, respectively) and ovaries (8.56 and 3.32% dose/g, respectively) of female rats. Log P of [<sup>125</sup>I]5 was 2.49, meaning good brain penetration. Autoradiograms of brain sections showed a high uptake in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and amygdala. These results suggest that [<sup>125</sup>I]5 and [<sup>125</sup>I]11 are potent probes for aromatase imaging in both the brain and peripheral organs.
Development of high performance SWIR InGaAs focal plane array (2015)

Banpil Photonics has developed a novel InGaAs based photodetector array for Short-Wave Infrared (SWIR) imaging, for the most demanding security, defense, and machine vision applications. These applications require low noise from both the detector and the readout integrated circuit arrays. In order to achieve high sensitivity, it is crucial to minimize the dark current generated by the photodiode array. This enables the sensor to function in extremely low light situations, which enables it to successfully exploit the benefits of the SWIR band. In addition to minimal dark current generation, it is essential to develop photodiode arrays with higher operating temperatures. This is critical for reducing the power consumption of the device, as less energy is spent in cooling down the focal plane array (in order to reduce the dark current). We at Banpil Photonics are designing, simulating, fabricating and testing SWIR InGaAs arrays, and have achieved low dark current density at room temperature. This paper describes Banpil’s development of the photodetector array. We also highlight the fabrication technique used to reduce the amount of dark current generated by the photodiode array, in particular the surface leakage current. This technique involves the deposition of strongly negatively doped semiconductor material in the area between the pixels. This process reduces the number of dangling bonds present on the edges of each pixel, which prevents electrons from being swept across the surface of the pixels. This in turn drastically reduces the amount of surface leakage current at each pixel, which is a major contributor towards the total dark current. We present the optical and electrical characterization data, as well as the analysis that illustrates the dark current mechanisms. Also highlighted are the challenges and potential opportunities for further reduction of dark current, while maintaining other parameters of the photodiode array, such as size, weight, temperature of peak performance (lowest dark current), and power consumption.
Star couplers with gain that use fewer fiber amplifiers (1993)

A passive N× N star coupler plays a central role in the architecture of many high-throughput multiple-access optical WDM networks.
Reprogrammable Redundancy for SRAM-Based Cache $V_{\min }$ Reduction in a 28-nm RISC-V Processor (2017)

Reducing the operating voltage of digital systems improves energy efficiency, and the minimum operating voltage of a system (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">min</sub> ) is commonly limited by SRAM bitcells. Common techniques to lower SRAM V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">min</sub> focus on using circuit-level periphery-assist techniques to prevent bitcell failures at low voltage. Alternatively, this paper proposes architecture-level techniques to allow caches to tolerate significant numbers of failing bitcells at low voltage while maintaining correct operation. The presented processor lowers SRAM-based cache V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">min</sub> using three architectural techniques-bit bypass, dynamic column redundancy, and line disable-that use low-overhead reprogrammable redundancy (RR) to increase the maximum tolerable bitcell failure rate and decrease the minimum operating voltage in processor caches. In a fabricated 28-nm RISC-V-based processor chip, these RR techniques add 2% area overhead to the cache and reduce the V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">min</sub> of the 1-MB L2 cache by 25%, resulting in a 49% power reduction.
Data from Extracellular Vesicles from High-Grade Glioma Exchange Diverse Pro-oncogenic Signals That Maintain Intratumoral Heterogeneity (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;A lack of experimental models of tumor heterogeneity limits our knowledge of the complex subpopulation dynamics within the tumor ecosystem. In high-grade gliomas (HGG), distinct hierarchical cell populations arise from different glioma stem-like cell (GSC) subpopulations. Extracellular vesicles (EV) shed by cells may serve as conduits of genetic and signaling communications; however, little is known about how HGG heterogeneity may impact EV content and activity. In this study, we performed a proteomic analysis of EVs isolated from patient-derived GSC of either proneural or mesenchymal subtypes. EV signatures were heterogeneous, but reflected the molecular make-up of the GSC and consistently clustered into the two subtypes. EV-borne protein cargos transferred between proneural and mesenchymal GSC increased protumorigenic behaviors &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;. Clinically, analyses of HGG patient data from the The Cancer Genome Atlas database revealed that proneural tumors with mesenchymal EV signatures or mesenchymal tumors with proneural EV signatures were both associated with worse outcomes, suggesting influences by the proportion of tumor cells of varying subtypes in tumors. Collectively, our findings illuminate the heterogeneity among tumor EVs and the complexity of HGG heterogeneity, which these EVs help to maintain. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 76(10); 2876–81. ©2016 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Performance analysis of multi-path relay channels with source power adaptation (2015)

A cooperative multi-path relay channel (MPRC) with multiple decode-and-forward relay terminals is considered in this paper. In order to enhance the system reliability, the source is encouraged to transmit at a higher power such that more relays can successfully decode the source symbol. This, however, may lead to unnecessary energy waste. For reliable symbol delivery while improving the system energy efficiency, we propose power adaptation schemes at the source and relays depending on the availability of channel state information (CSI). In order to minimize the energy consumption for successfully delivering a source symbol, both the source and relay adaptively select a suitable transmit power from a finite set of discrete power levels. The outage probability and energy efficiency of the cooperative MPRC are analyzed and simulated. Simulation results demonstrate a tradeoff between the outage performance and energy efficiency. Under the same outage performance, the system energy efficiency can be significantly improved by the proposed power adaptation schemes compared to a benchmark case with blind source transmissions.
A new genus in the diverse Andean Pedaliodes complex uncovered using target enrichment (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) (2022)

Abstract A new genus of Neotropical Satyrinae butterflies, Viloriodes Pyrcz &amp; Espeland gen. n. is described in the Pedaliodes Butler complex comprising 11–13 genera and more than 400 species. Support for the new genus is provided by a phylogenetic analysis based on target enrichment (TE) data including 618 nuclear loci with a total of 248,940 nucleotides, and the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI). Five species, whose DNA sequences were obtained by TE during this study, form a strongly supported clade sister to the large clade comprising Pedaliodes and four other genera. Complementary COI analysis confirms the monophyly of Viloriodes gen. n., with the above five plus eight other species clustering in highly supported clades in both Bayesian Inference and Maximum Likelihood analyses, and a TE + COI concatenated tree. Based on molecular and morphological data, 30 species are assigned to Viloriodes gen. n. The new genus can be recognized by a set of subtle morphological characteristics of colour patterns and male and female genitalia. An analysis of divergence times indicates that Viloriodes gen. n. and Steromapedaliodes Forster separated around 5.9 Mya. Viloriodes gen. n. has a wider geographic distribution than any other genus of the Pedaliodes complex, being found from central Mexico to northern Argentina and to the Guyana Shield, typically occurring at lower elevations than Pedaliodes .
25 Years of Translational Research in OCT (2016)

This talk will discuss milestones in OCT translation into the clinic over 25 years, including retinal, anterior segment and whole-eye ophthalmic diagnostics, as well as hand-held, pediatric and intrasurgical imaging innovations.
Genetic analyses of undifferentiated small round cell sarcoma identifies a novel sarcoma subtype with a recurrent CRTC1‐SS18 gene fusion (2018)

In recent years, undifferentiated small round cell sarcomas (USRCSs) have been divided into a variety of new, rare, sarcoma subtypes, including the group of Ewing-like sarcomas, which have the morphological appearance of Ewing sarcomas, but carry CIC-DUX4, BCOR-CCNB3 and other gene fusions different from the classic EWSR1-ETS gene fusion. Using high-throughput RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analyses, we identified a novel recurrent gene fusion, CRTC1-SS18, in two cases of USRCS that lacked any known translocation. RNA-seq results were confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, long-range polymerase chain reaction, and fluorescence in situ hybridization. In vitro, we showed that the cells expressing the gene fusion were morphologically distinct and had enhanced oncogenic potential as compared with control cells. Expression profile comparisons with tumours of other sarcoma subtypes demonstrated that both cases clustered close to EWSR1-CREB1-positive tumours. Moreover, these analyses indicated enhanced NTRK1 expression in CRTC1-SS18-positive tumours. We conclude that the novel gene fusion identified in this study adds a new subtype to the USRCSs with unique gene signatures, and may be of therapeutic relevance. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Separation, Conformation in Solution and Absolute Configuration of Ethopropazine Enantiomers (2002)

Enantiomers of ethopropazine x HCl (10-(2-diethylaminopropyl)phenothiazine hydrochloride) were prepared by fractional crystallization of diastereomeric dibenzoyltartaric acid salts, and their optical purity (enantiomeric excess, ee) determined by HPLC on Chiralcel OJ column. With a solvent mixture n-hexane/t-butanol/triethylamine (100:3:0.5) as eluent a very good enantioseparation (alpha = 1.68) for racemic ethopropazine was obtained. Enantiomeric purity for (-)-enantiomer was 99.1% and for (+)-enantiomer 97.9%. Combined data from NMR and CD spectra of both enantiomers, along with previously reported X-ray structure analyses of racemic ethopropazine, revealed skewed conformation of tricyclic system in solution, and (S)-configuration on the stereogenic center for (-)-enantiomer, and (R)-configuration for (+)-enantiomer.
“Yellow Jimba”: Suppression of Carotenoid Cleavage Dioxygenase (CmCCD4a) Expression Turns White Chrysanthemum Petals Yellow (2009)

‘Jimba’ is the most popular white-flowered chrysanthemum cultivar in Japan. A yellow-flowered cultivar with the same growth properties as ‘Jimba’ will benefit growers because both forms could be produced under the same conditions. Many breeders have therefore tried to produce a “Yellow Jimba” by mutation breeding but have not yet succeeded. Previously, we showed that color mutation from white to yellow in the petals of ray florets is caused by the loss of a carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase gene, CmCCD4a. Here we introduced two separate CmCCD4a RNAi constructs into ‘Jimba’ by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The double-transformation effectively suppressed CmCCD4a expression in petals, which became yellow. The yellowest transformants contained 102 μg·g−1 FW carotenoids in the petals, and the expression level of CmCCD4a was 0.4% of the wild-type level. Although the transformed plants were significantly smaller than the wild type, flower size was unchanged. We consider that CmCCD4a could become a powerful tool for petal color manipulation from white to yellow.
Germinal epimutation of Fragile Histidine Triad (FHIT) gene is associated with progression to acute and chronic adult T-cell leukemia diseases (2021)

These results suggest that germinal epigenetic mutation of FHIT represents a preexisting mark predisposing to the development of ATL diseases. These findings have important clinical implications as patients with acute ATL are rarely cured. Our study suggests an alternative strategy to the current "wait and see approach" in that early screening of HTLV-I-infected individuals for germinal epimutation of FHIT and early treatment may offer significant clinical benefits.
Abstract 19502: A Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Cardiomyocyte Model of Pompe Disease. (2010)

Background: Infantile Pompe disease is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterized by a lack of acid alpha glucosidase (GAA) activity, the sole enzyme responsible for degrading glycogen w...
Mechanism of Flocculate Formation of Highly Concentrated Phospholipid Vesicles Suspended in a Series of Water-Soluble Biopolymers (2009)

Polyethylene glycol-modified vesicles (liposomes) encapsulating hemoglobin (HbV) are artificial oxygen carriers that have been developed as a transfusion alternative. The HbV suspension in an albumin solution is nearly Newtonian; other biopolymers, hydroxyethyl starch (HES), dextran (DEX), and modified fluid gelatin, induce flocculation of HbVs through depletion interaction and render the suspensions as non-Newtonian. The flocculation level increased with hydrodynamic radius (R(h)) or radius of gyration (R(g)) of series of HES or DEX with different molecular weights at a constant polymer concentration (4 wt %). However, the flocculation level differed markedly among the polymers. A crowding index (C(i)) representing the crowding level of a polymer solution is defined as (excluded volume of one polymer) x (molar concentration) x Avogadro's number, using R(h) or R(g). All polymers' flocculation level increases when C(i) approaches 1: when the theoretical total excluded volumes approach the entire solution volume, the excluded HbV particles are forced to flocculate.
Digital Sine Oscillators Based on Higher Order Sigma–Delta Modulation (2022)

In this paper, a new class of digital sine oscillators based on higher-order multibit sigma-delta modulation is presented. The samples of a given pure sine signal are quantized, resulting in a pulse-code modulated (PCM) sequence. A numeric condition for oscillation (NCO) based on the PCM signal is disclosed. If the NCO is fulfilled, a system constant <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">F</i> with a finite bit width can be derived and a hardware-efficient practical realization of a digital oscillator based on <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">R</i> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> -order sigma-delta modulation is possible. The oscillator output sequence is an <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">R</i> -times differentiated version of the PCM signal and thus the PCM signal can be reconstructed by <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">R</i> -subsequent accumulations. All signals are absolutely periodic and are represented by binary numbers with well-defined finite bit widths. Initial conditions for the registers of the oscillator are determined. An example for the generation of a high-purity PCM signal with 2048 samples per period is demonstrated. The noise spectrum of this signal is white and the ratio between the mean noise amplitude and the signal amplitude is about one over one billion. The resulting oscillator requires a third order sigma-delta modulator. The chip size is estimated for the oscillator being integrated in a commonly used CMOS technology.