gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-fidelity superconducting quantum processors via laser-annealing of\n transmon qubits (2020)

Scaling the number of qubits while maintaining high-fidelity quantum gates\nremains a key challenge for quantum computing. Presently, superconducting\nquantum processors with &gt;50-qubits are actively available. For such systems,\nfixed-frequency transmons are attractive due to their long coherence and noise\nimmunity. However, scaling fixed-frequency architectures proves challenging due\nto precise relative frequency requirements. Here we employ laser annealing to\nselectively tune transmon qubits into desired frequency patterns. Statistics\nover hundreds of annealed qubits demonstrate an empirical tuning precision of\n18.5 MHz, with no measurable impact on qubit coherence. We quantify gate error\nstatistics on a tuned 65-qubit processor, with median two-qubit gate fidelity\nof 98.7%. Baseline tuning statistics yield a frequency-equivalent resistance\nprecision of 4.7 MHz, sufficient for high-yield scaling beyond 1000-qubit\nlevels. Moving forward, we anticipate selective laser annealing to play a\ncentral role in scaling fixed-frequency architectures.\n
A novel in vitro approach for the identification of exceptional responders in acute myeloid leukemia. (2018)

e19011 Background: Each case of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) represents a unique ecosystem. Despite recent advances in our understanding of the genetic landscape of AML, this information remains insufficient to accurately predict an individual patient’s response to therapy. Real-time ex-vivo functional screening can identify mechanisms underpinning drug response and diversity between tumors, aiding in stratification. In this work, we established a screening platform to explore patient specific drug sensitivity and resistance, which we believe provides novel insight into prioritization of agents for an individual patient with refractory leukemia as well as clinical trial development. Methods: Samples were acquired from 14 pediatric AML patients after informed consent was obtained. Samples were cultured in the presence of SCF, TPO, FLT3-L, IL-3, and IL-6. A panel of 38 drugs was identified which included standard chemotherapy agents used in AML and drugs currently under clinical development. Cells were exposed to drugs for 72hrs. An MTS assay was performed and reported as % viability normalized to vehicle control wells. Targeted DNA NGS sequencing of 406 genes, 31 introns, and RNA sequencing of 265 genes was performed for genetic characterization. In vitro samples underwent serial passage until either cell exhaustion or immortalization, which was defined as exceeding 60 doublings, the upper boundary of the Hayflick Limit. Results: Of the relapsed samples, 5/11 samples became immortalized following serial passage, in contrast to 0/3 of the de novo samples. Engraftment of long term cultures into immunodeficient mice was able to produce aggressive disease in all cases. All immortalized samples’ driver genetic architecture was well preserved, with only minor differences noted. In vitro drug screening revealed variations in drug sensitivity between samples. When possible, clinical responses to therapy were compared with in vitro responses to the same drugs. Conclusions: This screening approach highlighted well established agents that showed significant activity in highly refractory disease providing rationale for further clinical trial development.
Direct synchrotron x-ray topography of moving domain walls in Fe : Si single crystals (1980)

A real-time x-ray topography study of moving magnetic domain walls in an Fe : Si single crystal has been performed with double-crystal setting at the synchrotron radiation laboratory LURE. The domain walls were driven by a low-frequency magnetic field and viewed directly by means of a television detector system. Wall locking as well as wall bowing, the latter implying charged walls, have been observed.
225Ac-rHDL Nanoparticles: A Potential Agent for Targeted Alpha-Particle Therapy of Tumors Overexpressing SR-BI Proteins (2022)

Actinium-225 and other alpha-particle-emitting radionuclides have shown high potential for cancer treatment. Reconstituted high-density lipoproteins (rHDL) specifically recognize the scavenger receptor B type I (SR-BI) overexpressed in several types of cancer cells. Furthermore, after rHDL-SR-BI recognition, the rHDL content is injected into the cell cytoplasm. This research aimed to prepare a targeted <sup>225</sup>Ac-delivering nanosystem by encapsulating the radionuclide into rHDL nanoparticles. The synthesis of rHDL was performed in two steps using the microfluidic synthesis method for the subsequent encapsulation of <sup>225</sup>Ac, previously complexed to a lipophilic molecule (<sup>225</sup>Ac-DOTA-benzene-p-SCN, CLog P = 3.42). The nanosystem (13 nm particle size) showed a radiochemical purity higher than 99% and stability in human serum. In vitro studies in HEP-G2 and PC-3 cancer cells (SR-BI positive) demonstrated that <sup>225</sup>Ac was successfully internalized into the cytoplasm of cells, delivering high radiation doses to cell nuclei (107 Gy to PC-3 and 161 Gy to HEP-G2 nuclei at 24 h), resulting in a significant decrease in cell viability down to 3.22 ± 0.72% for the PC-3 and to 1.79 ± 0.23% for HEP-G2 at 192 h after <sup>225</sup>Ac-rHDL treatment. After intratumoral <sup>225</sup>Ac-rHDL administration in mice bearing HEP-G2 tumors, the biokinetic profile showed significant retention of radioactivity in the tumor masses (90.16 ± 2.52% of the injected activity), which generated ablative radiation doses (649 Gy/MBq). The results demonstrated adequate properties of rHDL as a stable carrier for selective deposition of <sup>225</sup>Ac within cancer cells overexpressing SR-BI. The results obtained in this research justify further preclinical studies, designed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of the <sup>225</sup>Ac-rHDL system for targeted alpha-particle therapy of tumors that overexpress the SR-BI receptor.
Phantom limbs in people with congenital limb deficiency or amputation in early childhood (1997)

It is widely believed that people who are congenitally limb-deficient or suffer a limb amputation at an early age do not experience phantom limbs. The present study reports on a sample of 125 people with missing limbs and documents phantom experiences in 41 individuals who were either born limb-deficient (n = 15) or underwent amputation before the age of 6 years (n = 26). These cases provide evidence that phantom limbs are experienced by at least 20% of congenitally limb-deficient subjects and by 50% of subjects who underwent amputations before the age of 6 years. The phantoms are detailed and can be described in terms of size, shape, position, movement and temporal properties. The perceptual qualities of the phantoms can also be described by sensory descriptors and are reported as painful by 20% of subjects with phantoms in the congenital limb deficient group and 42% of young amputees. It is argued that these phantom experiences provide evidence of a distributed neural representation of the body that is in part genetically determined.
Identification of low molecular weight ions by measuring absorption speed differences using SPR (2020)

In this paper we propose a method to identify low molecular weight ions by measuring their absorption speed using intensity interrogation method SPR. We used two ion exchange membranes, Nafion and Flemion, which have different functional groups and show different absorption characteristics to the ions. By measuring the differences in absorption speeds of two membranes, we demonstrated that types and density of 1.7 mM to 34 mM K+, Na+, and Ca2+ ions can be identified.
Inducing planarity in redox-active conjugated polymers with solubilizing 3,6-dialkoxy-thieno[3,2-b]thiophenes (DOTTs) for redox and solid-state conductivity applications (2020)

A new family of redox-active dioxythienothiophene (DOTT) polymers are studied for their solid state ordering and doping susceptibility, along with their optical and electronic properties.
Impact of reconfigurable polarization parameter on transferred signal power in indoor MIMO channels (2015)

Transferred signal power (TSP) is related to radiation properties, orientations of antennas. Vertical and horizontal radiation patterns of a dipole antenna depend on its orientation angles, which is called polarization angle in this work. We investigate its impact on TSP and mutual information of MIMO channel.
LEtter to the Editor – On Depth and Brightness (2014)

This communication contains Rich's Letter to the Editor commenting on a recent article by Roy S. Berns, and Bern's Reply to the Letter. The letter introduces more information on the concepts of Depth and Brightness as well as references. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 2014
Collection and storage of direct spectral irradiance and DNI datasets with high temporal resolution for CPV energy yield assessments (2013)

We describe the acquisition and database architecture for direct normal irradiance (DNI) and direct spectral irradiance datasets collected at an outdoor test site at the University of Ottawa. The objective was to build a database of local measurements made across a range of air mass values and atmospheric conditions for energy yield analyses applicable to Concentrated Photovoltaics (CPV) systems. Approximately 422,000 spectra and concurrent meteorological data have been recorded in the SUNLAB database for the two year operation period as of March 2013. Energy yield comparisons using measured spectra and those derived from Canadian Weather for Energy Calculations (CWECS) Typical Meteorological Year (TMY) and Canadian Weather Energy and Engineering Data Sets (CWEEDS) datasets demonstrate significant year-to-year variations, with TMY estimates underestimating 20-year historical assessments by ~7%.
IMProv: A Resource for Cross-link-Driven Structure Modeling that Accommodates Protein Dynamics (2021)

Proteomics methodology has expanded to include protein structural analysis, primarily through cross-linking mass spectrometry (XL-MS) and hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HX-MS). However, while the structural proteomics community has effective tools for primary data analysis, there is a need for structure modeling pipelines that are accessible to the proteomics specialist. Integrative structural biology requires the aggregation of multiple distinct types of data to generate models that satisfy all inputs. Here, we describe IMProv, an app in the Mass Spec Studio that combines XL-MS data with other structural data, such as cryo-EM densities and crystallographic structures, for integrative structure modeling on high-performance computing platforms. The resource provides an easily deployed bundle that includes the open-source Integrative Modeling Platform program (IMP) and its dependencies. IMProv also provides functionality to adjust cross-link distance restraints according to the underlying dynamics of cross-linked sites, as characterized by HX-MS. A dynamics-driven conditioning of restraint values can improve structure modeling precision, as illustrated by an integrative structure of the five-membered Polycomb Repressive Complex 2. IMProv is extensible to additional types of data.
Control strategies for a distributed active acoustic skin (2015)

New miniaturization and integration capabilities made available from the emerging MEMS technology allow for the design of artificial linings involving distribution of a large number of elementary cells, that may be composed of loudspeakers and microphones. These smart materials pose the challenge of developing new control strategies to engineer target acoustical impedances, in order to control acoustic fields. This paper investigates the acoustical capabilities of such a distributed active acoustic skin by comparing two control strategies. The first approach is based on local control, where each loudspeaker is current-driven, using a current-pressure transfer function which is designed according to a target acoustic impedance. In the second approach, a distributed control system is implemented such that acoustic waves cannot propagate in a certain direction. Numerical results demonstrate how a well-controlled active skin can substantially modify sound transmission along a waveguide. In this study, each strategy is characterized in terms of efficiency, frequency bandwidth, and robustness. Finally, design parameters for a future prototype are proposed.
Experimental Evaluation of Downlink Scheduling Algorithms using OpenAirInterface (2022)

Programmability and softwarization advocate the emerging era of open-source platforms, which embraced by both industry and academia is foreseen as a vital pillar in the construction of next generation mobile networks. Such a valuable open-source project is OpenAirInterface (OAI), which provides a standard compliant mobile network infrastructure, merely based on general purpose hardware computers. While OAI is nowadays widely used by industry and research institutes in proof-of-concept or commercial wireless testbeds, an analysis of the complex functions within the platform is yet to be performed in a large scale. We believe that further research is required to demystify the capabilities of existing tools and present guidelines that alleviate the enhancement and development of additional features. In this context, in this work we shed light on one of the crucial components of any mobile system, namely resource scheduling, while providing an analysis of the available code and instructions to ease the development of new scheduling algorithms based on OAI. Moreover, we demonstrate a performance evaluation of up to 10 UEs for existing and newly implemented scheduling algorithms. Results show, that the development of additional algorithms in OAI is achievable and the experimental behavior follows the theory. Our implementation and observations can serve as a basis for research in the field, and foster the elaboration of theoretical concepts and emerging 5G solutions in practical testbeds.
Hematopoietic Stem Cells Are Coordinated by the Molecular Cues of the Endosteal Niche (2010)

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) accomplish a complex task. On a daily base billions of the 8 different mature cells are delivered in the right proportions. HSCs are located in niches located at several locations in the body. Communication between these spatially separated niches is accomplished by stem cells that leave their niche and migrate to other niches guided by soluble factors. The niche itself comprises all major signaling pathways (Hedgehog, Notch, Wnt, and BMP) and an array of adhesion molecules. The interplay between these components keep HSC in a quiescent state but also speed up production in case of urgent need during infection or excessive blood loss. In this review, we focus on the molecular cues of the niche, functional adhesion molecules and describe recent data obtained with multiphoton microscopy. A vast array of molecules is described that display similar functions as HSC controllers. This points to redundancy in the system that enables HSC to respond to different cues essentially with the same functional response. Apparently, the hematopoietic system is so crucial that it is not dependent on a single cue. When one cue fails to initiate a response, another cue will take over leading to an almost similar response. Another explanation is that every cue adds to an integrated signal that results in reaching the threshold. This integrated signal might be reached from huge signaling by a single cue or the low but additive signals by several cues.
System identification in the presence of unmodeled dynamics-a principal components extraction approach (2002)

In this paper a two-step method for identification is presented. The first step is to identify FIR sequences using any existing efficient algorithm. The second step is principal components extraction. It tries to recover the complete system performance from the FIR sequences estimated. It is shown that the denominator parameter of the obtained ARMAX model is the eigenvector corresponding to the eigenvalue of a certain matrix composed of the estimated FIR sequence. The eigenvalue itself can be an index of model order selection. A criterion for selecting the FIR sequence length is presented. Simulation result demonstrates the effectiveness of the approach.
Brain metastases (2008)

Brain metastasis is the commonest intracranial tumor in adults. In the United States, approximately 170 000 patients are diagnosed with brain metastases every year (Greenberg et al., 1999; Mehta & Tremont-Lukas, 2004). The rise in incidence is attributed to a number of factors including increased life expectancy, improved control of systemic disease, and better imaging capabilities that facilitate diagnosis of smaller lesions (Wen et al., 2001). While it is recognized that the overall prognosis of these patients remains poor, newer treatment methods have led to improved survival in subsets of patients. Patients with brain metastases often suffer from a variety of neurological, cognitive, and emotional difficulties. It is known that even subtle impairments of cognitive function can adversely affect the quality of life, an issue that was largely ignored earlier due to the dismal outcome. However, in the changing scenario of improved survival, recognizing the effects of the disease and its therapies on neurocognitive outcomes is important in formulating treatment modifications and strategies for rehabilitation that will enable patients to maximize their functional ability. This chapter briefly reviews the incidence and management of brain metastases as relevant to neurocognitive problems in cancer patients, discusses the etiology and pathogenesis of cognitive deficits in these patients, and suggests preventive and therapeutic strategies based on current understanding.
ChemInform Abstract: Phenyl Sulfur Mustard Derivatives of Distamycin A. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Reactions of methylamines at the Si(100)-2×1 surface (2001)

We have investigated the room temperature adsorption of methylamine, dimethylamine and trimethylamine using density functional theory (DFT) and multiple internal reflection Fourier transform infrared (MIR-FTIR) spectroscopy. It was found that the reaction pathways of the amines resemble the precursor-mediated dissociative chemisorption of ammonia. Our calculations showed that although dissociation involving N–C bond cleavage is thermodynamically more favorable than the N–H dissociation pathway, the activation barrier for N–CH3 dissociation is significantly higher than that for N–H dissociation. This leads to selective cleavage of N–H bonds in the surface reactions of methylamine and dimethylamine, while trapping trimethylamine in its molecularly chemisorbed state through the formation of a Si–N dative bond. We also identified the products of the reactions of the amines on the Si(100)-2×1 surface by surface IR studies, confirming the theoretical predictions. The selectivity observed in the surface chemistry of simple model amines is briefly discussed in the context of organic chemistry at semiconductor surfaces.
Erythrocytes Possess an Intrinsic Barrier to Nitric Oxide Consumption (2000)

It has been reported that free hemoglobin (Hb) reacts with NO at an extremely high rate (K(Hb) approximately 10(7) M(-1) s(-1)) and that the red blood cell (RBC) membrane is highly permeable to NO. RBCs, however, react with NO 500-1000 times slower. This reduction of NO reaction rate by RBCs has been attributed to the extracellular diffusion limitation. To test whether additional limitations are also important, we designed a competition test, which allows the extracellular diffusion limitation to be distinguished from transmembrane or intracellular resistance. This test exploited the competition between free Hb and RBCs for NO generated in a homogenous phase by an NO donor. If the extracellular diffusion resistance is negligible, then the results would follow a kinetic model that assumes homogenous reaction without extracellular diffusion limitation. In this case, the measured effective reaction rate constant, K(RBC), would remain invariant of the hematocrit, extracellular-free Hb concentration, and NO donor concentration. Results show that the K(RBC) approaches a constant only when the hematocrit is greater than 10%, suggesting that at higher hematocrit, the extracellular diffusion resistance is negligible. Under such a condition, the NO consumption by RBCs is still 500-1000 times slower than that by free Hb. This result suggests that intrinsic RBC factors, such as transmembrane diffusion limitation or intracellular mechanisms, exist to reduce the NO consumption by RBCs.
NIST Interlaboratory Study on GlycosylationAnalysis of Monoclonal Antibodies: Comparison ofResults from Diverse Analytical Methods (2020)

Glycosylation is a topic of intense current interest in the development of biopharmaceuticals because it is related to drug safety and efficacy. This work describes results of an interlaboratory study on the glycosylation of the Primary Sample (PS) of NISTmAb, a monoclonal antibody reference material. Seventy-six laboratories from industry, university, research, government, and hospital sectors in Europe, North America, Asia, and Australia submitted a total of 103 reports on glycan distributions. The principal objective of this study was to report and compare results for the full range of analytical methods presently used in the glycosylation analysis of mAbs. Therefore, participation was unrestricted, with laboratories choosing their own measurement techniques. Protein glycosylation was determined in various ways, including at the level of intact mAb, protein fragments, glycopeptides, or released glycans, using a wide variety of methods for derivatization, separation, identification, and quantification. Consequently, the diversity of results was enormous, with the number of glycan compositions identified by each laboratory ranging from 4 to 48. In total, one hundred sixteen glycan compositions were reported, of which 57 compositions could be assigned consensus abundance values. These consensus medians provide community-derived values for NISTmAb PS. Agreement with the consensus medians did not depend on the specific method or laboratory type. The study provides a view of the current state-of-the-art for biologic glycosylation measurement and suggests a clear need for harmonization of glycosylation analysis methods.