gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human Adenovirus Type 26 Infection Mediated by αvβ3 Integrin Is Caveolin-1-Dependent (2022)

Human adenovirus type 26 (HAdV26) has been recognized as a promising platform for vaccine vector development, and very recently vaccine against COVID-19 based on HAdV26 was authorized for emergency use. Nevertheless, basic biology of this virus, namely, pathway which HAdV26 uses to enter the cell, is still insufficiently known. We have shown here that HAdV26 infection of human epithelial cells expressing low amount of αvβ3 integrin involves clathrin and is caveolin-1-independent, while HAdV26 infection of cells with high amount of αvβ3 integrin does not involve clathrin but is caveolin-1-dependent. Thus, this study demonstrates that caveolin-1 is limiting factor in αvβ3 integrin-mediated HAdV26 infection. Regardless of αvβ3 integrin expression, HAdV26 infection involves dynamin-2. Our data provide for the first-time description of HAdV26 cell entry pathway, hence increase our knowledge of HAdV26 infection. Knowing that functionality of adenovirus vector is influenced by its cell entry pathway and intracellular trafficking, our results will contribute to better understanding of HAdV26 immunogenicity and antigen presentation when used as vaccine vector. <b>IMPORTANCE</b> In order to fulfill its role as a vector, adenovirus needs to successfully deliver its DNA genome to the host nucleus, a process highly influenced by adenovirus intracellular translocation. Thus, cell entry pathway and intracellular trafficking determine functionality of human adenovirus-based vectors. Endocytosis of HAdV26, currently extensively studied as a vaccine vector, has not been described so far. We present here that HAdV26 infection of human epithelial cells with high expression of αvβ3 integrin, one of the putative HAdV26 receptors, is caveolin-1- and partially dynamin-2-dependent. Since caveolin containing domains provide a unique environment for specific signaling events and participate in inflammatory signaling one can imagine that directing HAdV26 cell entry toward caveolin-1-mediate pathway might play role in immunogenicity of this virus. Therefore, our results contribute to better understanding of HAdV26 infection pathway, hence, can be helpful in explaining induction of immune response and antigen presentation by HAdV26-based vaccine vector.
Deep learning-derived cardiovascular age shares a genetic basis with other cardiac phenotypes (2022)

Artificial intelligence (AI)-based approaches can now use electrocardiograms (ECGs) to provide expert-level performance in detecting heart abnormalities and diagnosing disease. Additionally, patient age predicted from ECGs by AI models has shown great potential as a biomarker for cardiovascular age, where recent work has found its deviation from chronological age ("delta age") to be associated with mortality and co-morbidities. However, despite being crucial for understanding underlying individual risk, the genetic underpinning of delta age is unknown. In this work we performed a genome-wide association study using UK Biobank data (n=34,432) and identified eight loci associated with delta age ([Formula: see text]), including genes linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD) (e.g. SCN5A) and (heart) muscle development (e.g. TTN). Our results indicate that the genetic basis of cardiovascular ageing is predominantly determined by genes directly involved with the cardiovascular system rather than those connected to more general mechanisms of ageing. Our insights inform the epidemiology of CVD, with implications for preventative and precision medicine.
Behavior of Elongated Liquid Jets in Viscous Liquid/Liquid Systems (2010)

Abstract Der Zerfall von viskosen Flüssigkeitsfäden in Flüssig/Flüssig‐Systemen ist eine geeignete Methode zur Herstellung von Emulsionen auch bei vergleichsweise hohen Durchsätzen. Die Stabilität von Fäden in Dehnströmungen kann dabei genutzt werden, um zunächst möglichst dünne Ligamente am Zerfallsort und damit feine Tropfen bei großen durchströmten Querschnitten zu erhalten. Es werden die Stabilitätsgrenzen und die auftretenden Zerfallsmechanismen untersucht.
Coupled Bilayer Photonic Crystal Slab Electro-Optic Spatial Light Modulators (2017)

We demonstrate here a surface-normal ultracompact Fano resonance electro-optic spatial light modulator employing a stacked photonic crystal membrane capacitor-like structure. Vertically coupled optical resonance near 1.5 μm was observed, and both blue and red spectral shifts were achieved by means of appropriate electrical bias. A 200-MHz modulation bandwidth was obtained on a device with an 80 μm × 80 μm mesa area, while bandwidths in the gigahertz range are expected by shrinking the mesa lateral size down to 20 μm × 20 μm. We fabricated 6 × 6 arrays with different mesa sizes on a silicon-on-insulator platform, illustrating the potential of these devices in vertically integrated photonic technologies and for high-speed spatial light modulations.
Allergen challenge sensitizes TRPA1 in vagal sensory neurons and afferent C-fiber subtypes in guinea pig esophagus (2015)

Transient receptor potential A1 (TRPA1) is a newly defined cationic ion channel, which selectively expresses in primary sensory afferent nerve, and is essential in mediating inflammatory nociception. Our previous study demonstrated that TRPA1 plays an important role in tissue mast cell activation-induced increase in the excitability of esophageal vagal nodose C fibers. The present study aims to determine whether prolonged antigen exposure in vivo sensitizes TRPA1 in a guinea pig model of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). Antigen challenge-induced responses in esophageal mucosa were first assessed by histological stains and Ussing chamber studies. TRPA1 function in vagal sensory neurons was then studied by calcium imaging and by whole cell patch-clamp recordings in 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI)-labeled esophageal vagal nodose and jugular neurons. Extracellular single-unit recordings were performed in vagal nodose and jugular C-fiber neuron subtypes using ex vivo esophageal-vagal preparations with intact nerve endings in the esophagus. Antigen challenge significantly increased infiltrations of eosinophils and mast cells in the esophagus. TRPA1 agonist allyl isothiocyanate (AITC)-induced calcium influx in nodose and jugular neurons was significantly increased, and current densities in esophageal DiI-labeled nodose and jugular neurons were also significantly increased in antigen-challenged animals. Prolonged antigen challenge decreased esophageal epithelial barrier resistance, which allowed intraesophageal-infused AITC-activating nodose and jugular C fibers at their nerve endings. Collectively, these results demonstrated that prolonged antigen challenge sensitized TRPA1 in esophageal sensory neurons and afferent C fibers. This novel finding will help us to better understand the molecular mechanism underlying esophageal sensory and motor dysfunctions in EoE.
Association between heavy metal exposure and liver function markers among Korean adults: Korean National Environmental Health Survey 2015 - 2017 (2021)

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Heavy metals are widespread in nature and are reported to be association with adverse health effect including decreased liver function. While, only a few studies have been conducted to examine the association between exposure to heavy metals and liver function in the general population.This study aimed to investigate the association between concentrations of heavy metals and decrease of liver function in the Korean adults. METHODS: We included 3,699 participants who aged ≥ 19 years from the Cycle 3 of KoNEHS (Korean National Environmental Health Survey 2015 – 2017). Multiple linear regression was performed to assess the association between the levels of heavy metals [Blood lead level (BLL); Urinary Cadmium Level (UCL); Blood Mercury Level (BML); Urinary Mercury Level (UML)] and liver function markers [AST (Aspartate aminotransferase), ALT (Alanine aminotransferase), GGT (Gamma glutamyl transferase)] after adjusting for covariates. RESULTS:For the BLL quartile, the participants in the highest quartile had 1.042 (95% CI 1.012-1.072) times higher AST and 1.098 (95% CI 1.032-1.169) times higher GGT compared to those in the lowest quartile, respectively. For the UCL quartile, the participants in the highest quartile had 1.093 (95% CI 1.034-1.157) times higher ALT and 1.074 (95% CI 1.007-1.145) times higher GGT compared to those in the lowest quartile, respectively. For the BML quartile, the participants in the highest quartile had 1.044 (95% CI 1.016-1.073) times higher AST and 1.119 (95% CI 1.074-1.165) times higher ALT and 1.184 (95%CI 1.112-1.260) times higher GGT compared to those in the lowest quartile, respectively. There was no significant difference in the UML. CONCLUSIONS:This study investigated the association between exposure to lead, cadmium and mercury and liver function marker. Our results suggest that heavy metal exposures may affect liver function decrease. To elucidate the potential effect of heavy metal exposure, further studies should be performed. KEYWORDS: AST (Aspartate aminotransferase), ALT (Alanine aminotransferase), GGT (Gamma glutamyl transferase) Lead, Cadmium, Mercury
Investigation of Scattering Properties of Large-Scale Aperiodic Tilings Using a Combination of the Characteristic Basis Function and Adaptive Integral Methods (2013)

This paper presents a hybrid approach for efficient analysis of electromagnetic (EM) scattering from large-scale aperiodic structures (e.g., aperiodic Penrose and Danzer tilings), which integrates the characteristic basis function method (CBFM) and the adaptive integral method (AIM). By performing a domain decomposition, a series of characteristic basis functions (CBFs) that are defined on a macro block and comprised of a relatively large number of sub-domain basis functions facilitate a substantial reduction in the method of moments (MoM) matrix size, enabling the use of a direct solver for large problems. The AIM is applied to accelerate the calculation of CBFM-reduced MoM matrices, significantly decreasing the CPU time and memory required for solving large-scale problems. As the size of one block becomes electrically large, the original CBFM combined with the AIM is employed to generate the initial CBFs by solving a large problem with multiple excitations, which results in efficiently constructing the final CBFs afforded by the singular value decomposition (SVD) procedure. This methodology produces a two-level “CBFM + AIM” hybrid algorithm for efficiently characterizing large-scale objects. The numerical results presented demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed hybrid algorithm. Then, the developed solver is applied to investigate EM scattering properties of large-scale aperiodic tilings. The numerical results show that Penrose/Danzer tilings exhibit significantly improved grating lobe suppression as compared to their periodic counterparts.
Anti‐virus in‐the‐cloud service: are we ready for the security evolution? (2011)

ABSTRACT The ever‐increasing malware variants pose serious challenges for traditional signature‐based anti‐virus (AV) scan engines. To effectively handle the scale and magnitude of new malware variants, AV functionality is being moved from the user desktop into the cloud. AV in‐the‐cloud service is becoming the next‐generation security infrastructure designed to defend against virus threats. It provides reliable protection service delivered through data centers worldwide, which are built on virtualization technologies. Nowadays, cloud‐based security services are gaining bullish projections in both consumer and enterprise markets. However, are we getting ready for the cloud evolution? Security vendors are facing various challenges regarding the architectural design, implementation, and validation. Owing to the lack of operation standards among vendors and very few research works conducted up to this point, researchers have no references of AV cloud testing to rely on. In this paper, the architecture of AV in‐the‐cloud service is described. The challenges and solutions are discussed and illustrated by examples taken from our cutting‐edge research on practical applications. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
A new hyaluronic acid polymer in the augmentation and restoration of labia majora. (2017)

Aesthetic surgery of female external genitalia has gained increasing popularity over the past decade, with reduction of the labia minora (labiaplasty) being the procedure most commonly requested and performed. Female external genitalia lose elasticity and volume with age, but few studies describe the techniques for labia majora augmentation. Currently, very few studies have investigated the effectiveness and safety of labia majora augmentation with hyaluronic acid (HA) injection. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of labia majora augmentation with hyaluronic acid filler injection. We retrospectively analyzed 37 patients affected by hypotrophy of the labia majora, treated with HA dermal filler 28mg/ml PEG crosslinked (Neauvia® Intense Rose, Matex Lab, Switzerland) between May 2015 and July 2016. Global evaluation of the aesthetics of the intimate area and clinical data were investigated with VAS (Visual Analogic Scale) ad hoc. Adverse events and complications were recorded. A total of 37 women affected by labia majora hypotrophy were treated with 28mg/ml HA dermal filler. A significant clinical improvement was observed in the score provided by both patients and doctor. Only mild adverse events and complications were recorded. HA hydrogel with a novel crosslinking agent is able to provide a considerable rejuvenation with a simple outpatient procedure and to bring a significant clinical improvement. HA-based filler infiltration treatment in labia majora is repeatable, has virtually no complications, and is reversible.
Dual Role of FtsH in Regulating Lipopolysaccharide Biosynthesis in Escherichia coli (2008)

In Escherichia coli, FtsH (HflB) is a membrane-bound, ATP-dependent metalloendoprotease belonging to the AAA family (ATPases associated with diverse cellular activities). FtsH has a limited spectrum of known substrates, including the transcriptional activator sigma32. FtsH is the only known E. coli protease that is essential, as it regulates the concentration of LpxC, which carries out the first committed step in the synthesis of lipid A. Here we identify a new FtsH substrate--3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate (KDO) transferase--which carries out the attachment of two KDO residues to the lipid A precursor (lipid IVA) to form the minimal essential structure of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (KDO2-lipid A). Thus, FtsH regulates the concentration of the lipid moiety of LPS (lipid A) as well as the sugar moiety (KDO-based core oligosaccharides), ensuring a balanced synthesis of LPS.
Functional Analysis of the Lactobacillus casei BL23 Sortases (2012)

Sortases are a class of enzymes that anchor surface proteins to the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria. Lactobacillus casei BL23 harbors four sortase genes, two belonging to class A (srtA1 and srtA2) and two belonging to class C (srtC1 and srtC2). Class C sortases were clustered with genes encoding their putative substrates that were homologous to the SpaEFG and SpaCBA proteins that encode mucus adhesive pili in Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. Twenty-three genes encoding putative sortase substrates were identified in the L. casei BL23 genome with unknown (35%), enzymatic (30%), or adhesion-related (35%) functions. Strains disrupted in srtA1, srtA2, srtC1, and srtC2 and an srtA1 srtA2 double mutant were constructed. The transcription of all four sortase encoding genes was detected, but only the mutation of srtA1 resulted in a decrease in bacterial surface hydrophobicity. The β-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase and cell wall proteinase activities of whole cells diminished in the srtA1 mutant and, to a greater extent, in the srtA1 srtA2 double mutant. Cell wall anchoring of the staphylococcal NucA reporter protein fused to a cell wall sorting sequence was also affected in the srtA mutants, and the percentages of adhesion to Caco-2 and HT-29 intestinal epithelial cells were reduced for the srtA1 srtA2 strain. Mutations in srtC1 or srtC2 result in an undetectable phenotype. Together, these results suggest that SrtA1 is the housekeeping sortase in L. casei BL23 and SrtA2 would carry out redundant or complementary functions that become evident when SrtA1 activity is absent.
Activation of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors in the Hippocampus Increases Cyclic AMP Accumulation (1992)

The selective metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist trans-1-aminocyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid (trans-ACPD) stimulates phosphoinositide hydrolysis and elicits several physiological responses in rat hippocampal slices. However, recent studies suggest that the physiological effects of trans-ACPD in the hippocampus are mediated by activation of a receptor that is distinct from the phosphoinositide hydrolysis-linked receptor. Previous experiments indicate that cyclic AMP mimics many of the physiological effects of trans-ACPD in hippocampal slices. Furthermore, recent cloning and biochemistry experiments indicate that multiple metabotropic glutamate receptor subtypes exist, some of which are coupled to yet unidentified effector systems. Thus, we performed a series of experiments to test the hypothesis that ACPD increases cyclic AMP levels in hippocampal slices. We report that 1S,3R- and 1S,3S-ACPD (but not 1R,3S-ACPD) induce a concentration-dependent increase in cyclic AMP accumulation in hippocampal slices. This effect was blocked by the metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist L-2-amino-3-phosphonoproprionic acid but not by selective antagonists of ionotropic glutamate receptors. Furthermore, our results suggest that 1S,3R-ACPD-stimulated increases in cyclic AMP accumulation are not secondary to increases in cell firing or to activation of phosphoinositide hydrolysis.
Expression of HLA‐A, but not of HLA‐B, in mouse‐human somatic cell hybrids carrying the region p21→pter of human chromosome 6 (1978)

Mouse-human somatic cell hybrids containing human chromosome 17 carrying the region p21 leads to pter of human chromosome 6 and no other human chromosomes, were found to express HLA-A but not HLA-B. Counterselection of the hybrid cells in medium containing 5-bromodeoxyuridine resulted in the growth of hybrid cells that have concordantly lost the expression of HLA-A and the human translocation chromosome.
Molecular genetics of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: Analysis of congenic strains (1996)

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is caused by autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing B-cells of the pancreas in genetically susceptible individuals. Both in animal models and humans, major genetic susceptibility to IDDM has been mapped to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). In addition, recent genome screening has mapped non-MHC susceptibility genes to chromosomal segments in the mouse and human genomes. For most loci, however, only chromosomal locations are known, with no information on the responsible genes and their functions.
Novel Liquid Crystalline Oxadiazole with High Electron Mobility (1998)

Very high electron mobility is reported for the liquid-crystalline oxadiazole compound hexyloxyphenyl hexyloxybiphenyl oxadiazole (HOBP-OXD). The synthesis, phase-transition behavior, and electron transport properties of this compound are detailed. HOBP-OXD is found to exhibit one nematic and two smectic phases. A jump in electron mobility is observed at the phase transition between the two smectic phases, leading to the conclusion that liquid-crystalline textures govern the electron mobility through molecular order.
ln&ghts on the Amino Acid Skbchah In (1991)

The effect of single amino acid substitutions at positions 18 and 20 on the T-cell determinant (TD) character of peptide ~12-26 from lambda repressor protein and on its recognition by a mono- clonal antibody was studied by means of 40 synthetic peptides of a length of 15 amino acids. ELISA competition experiments showed that the identity of amino acid at position 20 is very important for anti- body recognition, whereas that of amino acid at position 18 is much less important. In contrast, both Leu 18 and Ala 20 are important residues in defining the TD character of peptide ~12-26. The most tolerated replacements, ordered in increasing disrupting power are: Ala 20 by Cys, Ser or Gly and Leu 18 by Ile or Val. Any other amino acid replacement completely abolishes the TD capacity of peptide ~12-26. The peptides used in this study were synthesized using a multiple solid-phase peptide synthesizer newly designed. Their purity was very high as shown by amino acid sequence experiments.
Tetramethylpyrazine Preserves the Integrity of Blood-Brain Barrier Associated With Upregulation of MCPIP1 in a Murine Model of Focal Ischemic Stroke (2021)

Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP), a prominent ingredient of Chinese herb Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort, is known to suppress neuroinflammation and protect blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity. We investigated whether monocyte chemotactic protein-induced protein 1 (MCPIP1, also known as Regnase-1), a newly identified zinc-finger protein, plays a role in TMP-mediated anti-inflammation and neuroprotection. Male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to focal cerebral ischemia induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 2 h, followed by reperfusion for 24 h. TMP (25 mg/kg or 50 mg/kg) or vehicle was administered intraperitoneally 12 h before and post MCAO. The TMP significantly upregulated MCPIP1 in the ischemic brain tissues and effectively inhibited extravasation of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran, resulting in attenuation of brain edema. These effects of the TMP were associated with a significant reduction in levels of inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and MMP-9 in the ischemic brain tissues. The TMP upregulated the expression of MCPIP1 in primary cultures of neurons and protected against oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced neuron death, while this neuroprotective effect of TMP was abolished by knockdown of MCPIP1 using MCPIP1-specific siRNA. These results suggest that preservation of BBB integrity by TMP is associated with its anti-inflammatory activity. The effect of TMP is mediated, at least in part, <i>via</i> upregulation of MCPIP1 in the ischemic brain.
Seismic Methods (1990)

This is the completely revised and updated version of the popular and highly regarded textbook, Applied Geophysics. It describes the physical methods involved in exploration for hydrocarbons and minerals, which include gravity, magnetic, seismic, electrical, electromagnetic, radioactivity, and well-logging methods. All aspects of these methods are described, including basic theory, field equipment, techniques of data acquisition, data processing and interpretation, with the objective of locating commercial deposits of minerals, oil, and gas and determining their extent. In the fourteen years or so since the first edition of Applied Geophysics, many changes have taken place in this field, mainly as the result of new techniques, better instrumentation, and increased use of computers in the field and in the interpretation of data. The authors describe these changes in considerable detail, including improved methods of solving the inverse problem, specialized seismic methods, magnetotellurics as a practical exploration method, time-domain electromagnetic methods, increased use of gamma-ray spectrometers, and improved well-logging methods and interpretation.