gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electromagnetic radiation and conducted susceptibility diagnosis and analysis of vehicle electronic circuit using mixed-mode S-parameter method (2009)

In this paper, the radiated emission and the conducted susceptibility of vehicle electronic circuit to external radio frequency (RF) disturbances are studied using mixed-mode S-parameters method. The analytic method adopting mixed-mode S-parameters developed in this paper can be used to illustrate noise-converting phenomenon and verify successfully by the bulk current injection (BCI) test procedures. The far-field measurement and the susceptible experiment were proved by BCI test and the mixed-mode S-parameters are obtained from four-port vector network analyzer. From the verified results, the correlation of the BCI test agrees very well with the mixed-mode S-parameters method.
Recognition results for several experimental acoustic processors (2005)

The statistical training and decoding procedures developed at IBM Research can be used with a wide variety of acoustic processors. We have recently (July and August 1978) achieved error-free or nearly error-free decoding results with several different acoustic processors on sentences from the New Raleigh Language (vocabulary 250 words, perplexity 7.27 words). One of these processors, which achieved a 0% error rate on New Raleigh sentences, has been used to decode sentences from the New Raleigh Language without the benefit of syntactic guidance during the decoding process. On this much more difficult task, it has achieved an error rate of 8.8% at the word level, corresponding to a sentence error rate of 53%. All of these processors are non-segmenting processors which produce output once every 10ms.
Novel Therapeutic Approaches to Regulate Human Dihydrofolate Reductase Activity and Expression (2012)

Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) enzyme catalyzes the reduction of dihydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate using NADPH as a cofactor to restore the reduced folate pools for reactions requiring one carbon transfer. Folates are required for de novo synthesis of purines and thymidylate, as well as glycine, methionine and serine. For this reason, DHFR has been an important target for chemotherapy for many diseases including cancer. Cell death ensues after the inhibition of DHFR due to the inhibition of nucleotide synthesis and DNA replication. Methotrexate (MTX), an analog of dihydrofolate is a tight binding inhibitor of DHFR. Since its analog aminopterin’s success in the clinic in the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia almost 65 years ago, MTX has also been used to treat non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, osteosarcoma, choriocarcinoma, head and neck, and breast cancer. However, the development of side effects and both intrinsic and acquired drug resistance to MTX and other antifolates are the main clinical limitations. Myelosuppression and stomatitis are due to cell death of not only cancer cells but also rapidly dividing normal cells such as bone marrow cells and epithelial cells of the gut, respectively. Due to these limitations, a detailed understanding of DHFR at every level has been undertaken such as structure-functional analysis, mechanisms of action, transcriptional and translation regulation of DHFR to develop more effective antifolates. In this paper, we review novel therapeutic approaches to regulate DHFR activity and its expression to overcome resistance or toxicity. Keywords: Dihydrofolate reductase, thymidylate synthase, mTOR, E2F, NADPH, methotrexate, antifolates, folate, rapamycin, NADPH binding site, translation, transcription, degradation, regulation, expression, activity, synergy, stability, combination studies
A Review of Advanced Molecular Engineering Approaches to Enhance the Thermostability of Enzyme Breakers: From Prospective of Upstream Oil and Gas Industry (2022)

During the fracture stimulation of oil and gas wells, fracturing fluids are used to create fractures and transport the proppant into the fractured reservoirs. The fracturing fluid viscosity is responsible for proppant suspension, the viscosity can be increased through the incorporation of guar polymer and cross-linkers. After the fracturing operation, the fluid viscosity is decreased by breakers for efficient oil and gas recovery. Different types of enzyme breakers have been engineered and employed to reduce the fracturing fluid's viscosity, but thermal stability remains the major constraint for the use of enzymes. The latest enzyme engineering approaches such as direct evolution and rational design, have great potential to increase the enzyme breakers' thermostability against high temperatures of reservoirs. In this review article, we have reviewed recently advanced enzyme molecular engineering technologies and how these strategies could be used to enhance the thermostability of enzyme breakers in the upstream oil and gas industry.
Metallic Helix Array as a Broadband Wave Plate (2011)

This study demonstrates theoretically and experimentally that a metallic helix array can operate as a highly transparent broadband wave plate in propagation directions perpendicular to the axis of helices. The functionality arises from a special property of the helix array, namely, that two branches of elliptically right-handed and left-handed polarized states are nearly rigidly shifted in frequency and their dispersions are controlled by different mechanisms that can be independently tuned by structural parameters.
Development of Experimental Equipment and Procedures to Evaluate Zonal Isolation and Well Abandonment Materials (2017)

Abstract Extensive set of experimental set-ups have been designed and build to evaluate the sealing performance of systems for zonal isolation and well abandonment. The fully automated test procedure enables the comparison of systems under identical conditions (P, T). Additionally a novel set-up has been built to concurrently measure the internal and external volumetric change during the hydration reaction of cement systems at well conditions.
A Parallel Proximal Algorithm for Anisotropic Total Variation Minimization (2016)

Total variation (TV) is a one of the most popular regularizers for stabilizing the solution of ill-posed inverse problems. This paper proposes a novel proximal-gradient algorithm for minimizing TV regularized least-squares cost functionals. Unlike traditional methods that require nested iterations for computing the proximal step of TV, our algorithm approximates the latter with several simple proximals that have closed form solutions. We theoretically prove that the proposed parallel proximal method achieves the TV solution with arbitrarily high precision at a global rate of converge that is equivalent to the fast proximal-gradient methods. The results in this paper have the potential to enhance the applicability of TV for solving very large-scale imaging inverse problems.
Psychophysics in the ophthalmological practice—II. Contrast sensitivity (2022)

: Contrast is the differential luminance between one object and another. Contrast sensitivity (CS) quantifies the ability to detect this difference: estimating contrast threshold provides information about the quality of vision and helps diagnose and monitor eye diseases. High contrast visual acuity assessment is traditionally performed in the eye care practice, whereas the estimate of the discrimination of low contrast targets, an important complementary task for the perception of details, is far less employed. An example is driving when the contrast between vehicles, obstacles, pedestrians, and the background is reduced by fog. Many conditions can selectively degrade CS, while visual acuity remains intact. In addition to spatial CS, “temporal” CS is defined as the ability to discriminate luminance differences in the temporal domain, i.e., to discriminate information that reaches the visual cortex as a function of time. Likewise, temporal sensitivity of the visual system can be investigated in terms of critical fusion frequency (CFF), an indicator of the integrity of the magnocellular system that is responsible for the perception of transient stimulations. As a matter of fact, temporal resolution can be abnormal in neuro-ophthalmological clinical conditions. This paper aims at considering CS and its application to the clinical practice.
New Approaches for Anticoagulation in Extracorporeal Therapy (1987)

The need to fully heparinize patients undergoing extracorporeal therapy often leads to hemorrhagic complications. Two approaches have been used to solve this problem. The first involves full heparinization of blood entering the extracorporeal device followed by the elimination of heparin from the blood returned to the patient using an immobilized heparinase reactor system. Animal studies have demonstrated the successful elimination of heparin's anticoagulant activity using this reactor. The second approach uses very low molecular weight (VLMW) heparins with improved properties. Although low molecular weight heparins and heparinoids have been successfully used in hemodialysis, these preparations are polydisperse mixtures. New VLMW heparins are described which are pure, monodisperse, structurally defined drugs and show improved pharmacokinetics and greater specificity than heparin. The separation of ATIII and HCII mediated activity against factors IIa and Xa may permit extracorporeal therapy with only partial anticoagulation resulting in increased antithrombotic activity with decreased hemorrhagic side-effects. Finally, these VLMW heparins suggest certain desirable structural characteristics in the design blood compatible non-thrombotic synthetic polymers for use in extracorporeal devices.
Preparation of 5‐Amino‐6‐oxo‐1,6‐dihydro[1,2,4]triazine‐3‐carboxylic Acid Derivatives and Synthesis of Compound Libraries Thereof. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Supramolecular Self‐Organization of “Janus‐Like” Diblock Codendrimers: Synthesis, Thermal Behavior, and Phase Structure Modeling. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Precision of bit slicing with in-memory computing based on analog phase-change memory crossbars (2022)

Abstract In-memory computing is a promising non-von Neumann approach to perform certain computational tasks efficiently within memory devices by exploiting their physical attributes. However, the computational accuracy achieved with this approach has been rather low, owing to significant inter-device variability and inhomogeneity across an array as well as intra-device variability and randomness from the analog memory devices. Bit slicing, a technique for constructing a high precision processor from several modules of lower precision, is a promising approach for overcoming this accuracy limitation. However, a systematic study to assess the precision ultimately achieved by bit slicing with analog in-memory computing has so far been lacking. In this work, we assess the computational error from bit slicing when performing in-memory matrix-vector multiplications. Using accurate models of phase-change memory crossbar arrays, we demonstrate that unlike in digital processors where bit slicing is used to extend the dynamic range of the number representation, bit slicing with in-memory computing should aim at minimizing the error from the analog matrix representation through averaging within a given dynamic range. The results are validated using a prototype phase-change memory chip and the impact on the neural network inference accuracy on CIFAR-10 and ImageNet benchmarks is evaluated.
ChemInform Abstract: Tumor Targeting in Photodynamic Therapy. From Glycoconjugated Photosensitizers to Glycodendrimeric One. Concept, Design and Properties (2012)

Abstract Review: 79 refs.
Current Status of Gene Therapy for Inherited Lung Diseases (2003)

Gene therapy as a treatment modality for pulmonary disorders has attracted significant interest over the past decade. Since the initiation of the first clinical trials for cystic fibrosis lung disease using recombinant adenovirus in the early 1990s, the field has encountered numerous obstacles including vector inflammation, inefficient delivery, and vector production. Despite these obstacles, enthusiasm for lung gene therapy remains high. In part, this enthusiasm is fueled through the diligence of numerous researchers whose studies continue to reveal great potential of new gene transfer vectors that demonstrate increased tropism for airway epithelia. Several newly identified serotypes of adeno-associated virus have demonstrated substantial promise in animal models and will likely surface soon in clinical trials. Furthermore, an increased understanding of vector biology has also led to the development of new technologies to enhance the efficiency and selectivity of gene delivery to the lung. Although the promise of gene therapy to the lung has yet to be realized, the recent concentrated efforts in the field that focus on the basic virology of vector development will undoubtedly reap great rewards over the next decade in treating lung diseases.
High-Resolution Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Images of Molecular Overlayers Prepared by a New Molecular Beam Deposition Apparatus with Spray-Jet Technique (2005)

We developed a new molecular beam deposition apparatus using a spray-jet technique for high-quality thin film preparation of nonsublimable molecules. The apparatus was used to deposit chloro[tri-tert-butyl-subphthalocyaninato]boron(III) (TBSubPc) molecules on an Au(111) surface for analysis by low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Highly resolved images, in which tert-butyl groups in a TBSubPc molecule were clearly identifiable, were obtained. The image quality and the resolution of these images compared favorably well to STM images taken on reference samples which were sublimed onto Au (111) from a heated crucible.
Predictability of Acetabular Component Angular Change with Postural Shift from Standing to Sitting Position (2014)

Ante-inclination during sitting results in a more vertical acetabular cup, which can result in hip instability, especially drop-out dislocation, and edge-loading wear. Patients with supine coronal cup inclination of ≥50° and anteversion of ≥25° and those with a hypermobile pelvis are at risk. It is the pelvic spatial position during postural change that creates the postoperative consequences of the surgical cup placement.
20-µW operation of an a-IGZO TFT-based RFID chip using purely NMOS “active” load logic gates with ultra-low-consumption power (2011)

We fabricated the first RFID chip using amorphous InGaZnO (a-IGZO) thin film transistors (TFTs) on a glass substrate. Logic gates with low-consumption current (∼1 nA) and steep on/off switching was also proposed. The logic circuit achieved small enough power consumption (20 µW) for wireless operation and a wireless operation of the RFID tag was demonstrated.
Coffin-Manson based fatigue analysis of underfilled DCAs (1998)

The continuing drive toward high-density, low-profile Integrated Circuit packaging has accelerated the spread of flip-chip technology to laminated substrates, creating direct chip attach (DCA) configurations. However, the substantial difference in the coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) between the chip and the laminated substrates makes DCA configurations vulnerable to thermally-induced strains and the resulting solder joint fatigue. The reliability of flip-chip technology is dramatically improved by “underfilling” the gap between the chip and substrate with epoxy. The present effort is aimed at exploring the benefits of underfilling in DCA configurations. The thermo-structural behavior of an underfilled DCA is evaluated using FEM and employing an axisymmetric model of a typical DCA structure. Numerical simulations are performed for different sets of underfill material properties. The results are used to determine the parametric sensitivity of the thermal strain in the solder joints and the axial and shear stresses in the underfill material and to define the desirable range of underfill material properties. These results together with the Coffin-Manson relation are used to predict the theoretical improvement in cycles to failure. The results suggest that to minimize fatigue failure, the CTE of an underfill material should match that of solder material and its Young's Modulus should be as high as the adhesion strength of the underfill allows.
Ty Virus-Like Particles, DNA Vaccines and Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara; Comparisons and Combinations (1999)

Three types of vaccine, all expressing the same antigen from Plasmodium berghei, or a CD8+ T cell epitope from that antigen, were compared for their ability to induce CD8+ T cell responses in mice. Higher levels of lysis and numbers of IFN-gamma secreting T cells were primed with Ty virus-like particles and Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara (MVA) than with DNA vaccines, but none of the vaccines were able to protect immunised mice from infectious challenge even after repeated doses. However, when the immune response was primed with one type of vaccine (Ty-VLPs or DNA) and boosted with another (MVA) complete protection against infection was achieved. Protection correlated with very high levels of IFN-gamma secreting T cells and lysis. This method of vaccination uses delivery systems and routes that can be used in humans and could provide a generally applicable regime for the induction of high levels of CD8+ T cells.
Biomimetic Total Synthesis and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Anachelin H (2007)

The first biomimetic total synthesis of the iron chelator anachelin H isolated from the cyanobacterium Anabaena cylindrica is reported. A first generation approach delivered one enantiomeric series of the polyketide fragment. Comparison of the 1H NMR data suggested the relative configuration of this anachelin fragment. The relative and absolute configuration of anachelin H was then established by total synthesis. A second generation approach involved the enzymatic conversion of N,N-dimethyltyramine to the anachelin chromophore. It was demonstrated that the enzyme tyrosinase is activated by the product during this reaction, the anachelin chromophore can serve as a tyrosinase activator. Anachelin H was evaluated against a panel of eleven bacterial and fungal pathogens, and moderate antibiotic activity (32 microg/mL) against Moraxella catarrhalis was found.
Propensity score prediction for electronic healthcare databases using super learner and high-dimensional propensity score methods (2019)

The optimal learner for prediction modeling varies depending on the underlying data-generating distribution. Super Learner (SL) is a generic ensemble learning algorithm that uses cross-validation to select among a "library" of candidate prediction models. While SL has been widely studied in a number of settings, it has not been thoroughly evaluated in large electronic healthcare databases that are common in pharmacoepidemiology and comparative effectiveness research. In this study, we applied and evaluated the performance of SL in its ability to predict the propensity score (PS), the conditional probability of treatment assignment given baseline covariates, using three electronic healthcare databases. We considered a library of algorithms that consisted of both nonparametric and parametric models. We also proposed a novel strategy for prediction modeling that combines SL with the high-dimensional propensity score (hdPS) variable selection algorithm. Predictive performance was assessed using three metrics: the negative log-likelihood, area under the curve (AUC), and time complexity. Results showed that the best individual algorithm, in terms of predictive performance, varied across datasets. The SL was able to adapt to the given dataset and optimize predictive performance relative to any individual learner. Combining the SL with the hdPS was the most consistent prediction method and may be promising for PS estimation and prediction modeling in electronic healthcare databases.
Early Detection and Prevention of Pancreatic Cancer: Use of Genetically Engineered Mouse Models and advanced Imaging Technologies (2012)

Lack of early detection and effective interventions are major factors contributing to the poor prognosis and dismal survival rates of pancreatic cancer patients for more than sixty years. Detection of pancreatic cancer at an early stage might permit life-saving intervention. Clinical and preclinical diagnosis and evaluation of pancreatic cancers involve several imaging technologies including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), Positron emission tomography (PET), Computed tomography (CT), Ultrasound (US), bioluminescent imaging and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). The advent of genetically engineered animal models that recapitulate the cellular and molecular pathology of human pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanINs) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has not yet yielded translational implications. Although the use of tumor xenografts to predict drug efficacy in patients has been disappointing, use of novel transgenic mice models should permit improved early detection and development of drug regimens through integration of appropriate imaging modalities. This review will consider issues that are unique to working with transgenic mouse models, such as the biology of genetically engineered mouse (GEM) models, stage- tumor-specific detection using imaging technologies, use of monoclonal antibodies, nanoparticles, and biomarkers, and development of chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic drugs for PDAC. These issues will be considered in the context of recently developed preclinical models of pancreatic cancer.
CaV3.2 calcium channels contribute to trigeminal neuralgia (2022)

Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a rare but debilitating disorder characterized by excruciating facial pain, with a higher incidence in women. Recent studies demonstrated that TN patients present mutations in the gene encoding the Ca V 3.2 T-type calcium channel, an important player in peripheral pain pathways. We characterize the role of Ca V 3.2 channels in TN at 2 levels. First, we examined the biophysical properties of CACNA1H variants found in TN patients. Second, we investigated the role of Ca V 3.2 in an animal model of trigeminal neuropathic pain. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings from 4 different mutants expressed in tsA-201 cells (E286K in the pore loop of domain I, H526Y, G563R, and P566T in the domain I-II linker) identified a loss of function in activation in the E286K mutation and gain of function in the G563R and P566T mutations. Moreover, a loss of function in inactivation was observed with the E286K and H526Y mutations. Cell surface biotinylation revealed no difference in channel trafficking among the variants. The G563R mutant also caused a gain of function in the firing properties of transfected trigeminal ganglion neurons. In female and male mice, constriction of the infraorbital nerve induced facial thermal heat hyperalgesia. Block of T-type channels with Z944 resulted in antihyperalgesia. The effect of Z944 was absent in Ca V 3.2 -/- mice, indicating that Ca V 3.2 is the molecular target of the antihyperalgesic Z944 effect. Finally, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis revealed increased Ca V 3.2 channel expression in the spinal trigeminal subnucleus caudalis. Altogether, the present study demonstrates an important role of Ca V 3.2 channels in trigeminal pain.