gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Kinetic Study of Methane Partial Oxidation over Fe‐ZSM‐5 Using N2O as an Oxidant (2017)

Catalytic methane oxidation using N<sub>2</sub> O was investigated at 300 °C over Fe-ZSM-5. This reaction rapidly produces coke (retained organic species), and causes catalyst fouling. The introduction of water into the feed-stream resulted in a significant decrease in the coke selectivity and an increase in the selectivity to the desired product, methanol, from ca. 1 % up to 16 %. A detailed investigation was carried out to determine the fundamental effect of water on the reaction pathway and catalyst stability. The delplot technique was utilised to identify primary and secondary reaction products. This kinetic study suggests that observed gas phase products (CO, CO<sub>2</sub> , CH<sub>3</sub> OH, C<sub>2</sub> H<sub>4</sub> and C<sub>2</sub> H<sub>6</sub> ) form as primary products whilst coke is a secondary product. Dimethyl ether was not detected, however we consider that the formation of C<sub>2</sub> products are likely to be due to an initial condensation of methanol within the pores of the zeolite and hence considered pseudo-primary products. According to a second order delplot analysis, coke is considered a secondary product and its formation correlates with CH<sub>3</sub> OH formation. Control experiments in the absence of methane revealed that the rate of N<sub>2</sub> O decomposition is similar to that of the full reaction mixture, indicating that the loss of active alpha-oxygen sites is the likely cause of the decrease in activity observed and water does not inhibit this process.
Effects of Kaolin Particle Film and Imidacloprid on Glassy-Winged Sharpshooter (Homalodisca vitripennis ) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) Populations and the Prevention of Spread of Xylella fastidiosa in Grape (2012)

trees in California This insect is an invasive species in California that was first detected in the state in 1989 This sharpshooter is a key vector of Xylella fastidiosa and has changed the epidemiology of X. fastidiosa (Xf) diseases affecting important agronomic and horticultural crops as well as landscape, ornamental and native trees in California based on the infection of these crops by the bacteria It is not clear if management strategies for Pierce's Disease (PD) developed in GWSS-free regions of California are suitable to manage the disease in vineyards where GWSS has become established. Data from earlier studies suggest that GWSS has continued to increase in number (population density) and geographical range in California (Purcell & Saunders, 1999; GWSS populations are widely distributed over a large number of hosts including perennial agronomic crops, ornamental plantings, and weedy plant species Previous studies by
Statistical Simulation of the IC Manufacturing Process (1982)

Information about the random behavior of the IC manufacturing process can be applied for IC and process design tasks. In this paper a methodology for modeling random fluctuations of IC manufacturing process is proposed. A simulator of a complete bipolar manufacturing process called FABRICS, is described. A few applications illustrating advantages of the proposed statistical process modeling method are discussed.
Antibody targeted CpG for the immunotherapy of solid tumors (2015)

Meeting abstracts This work describes a method to improve the therapeutic effects of unmethylated CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) analogues which can be used to stimulate the innate immune system. It is based upon the generation of novel reagents that can be used to target tumors after linkage of
Frank-van der Merwe Growth in Bilayer Graphene (2020)

Bilayer graphene has attracted interest for its unique properties, including interesting electrical behavior when one layer is slightly rotated relative to the other. However, the quality of large-area bilayer graphene is often limited by the layer-plus-island growth mode in which islands of thicker graphene present as unavoidable impurities. Here, we report the observation of the layer-by-layer, Frank-van der Merwe (FM) growth mode in bilayer graphene where multilayer impurities are suppressed. Instead of the conventional surface adhesive energy, it is found that interface adhesive energy is possible to be tuned with an oxidative pretreatment. The FM-grown bilayer graphene is of AB-stacking or with small-twisting-angle (θ = 0-5°), which is more mechanically robust compared to monolayer graphene, facilitating a free-standing wet transfer technology.
Equity and the JAMA Network (2021)

The key objective of JAMA is "To promote the science and art of medicine and the betterment of the public health"; similar objectives and mission statements are supported by all 12 JAMA Network Journals.Together this family of journals is committed to publishing the best research, reviews, and opinion articles to advance medical science, promote public health, and improve patient care.The ultimate goal is to promulgate truth in science and medicine.On February 23, 2021, a podcast titled "Structural Racism for Doctors-What Is It?" was posted by the JAMA Network and on the following day, a tweet was posted to promote the podcast.Assertions in both that disavowed the presence of structural racism in medicine and among physicians were wrong, misguided, and uninformed.An extensive evidence base strongly supports the presence of structural racism in medicine and its adverse influence on health. 1 The process for reviewing and publishing the podcast and tweet was also flawed.On March 4, 2021, Howard Bauchner, MD, editor in chief of JAMA and the 12 JAMA Network Journals, took responsibility and issued an apology for the podcast and tweet.This editorial team also expresses a profound apology for the misinformation in the podcast and tweet and recognizes the hurt, anger, and outrage that resulted.These events and developments make it clear that JAMA and the JAMA Network Journals can and must do better and advance toward inclusion and antiracism in all journalrelated activities.Even though these journals have made progress, additional commitment and work are needed to build on and intensify these efforts to achieve meaningful, sustainable change.For instance, previous efforts include the more than 650 research, review, and opinion articles on race, racism, and racial and ethnic disparities and inequities that have been published in JAMA and the JAMA Network Journals since 2015, 1 including editorials in JAMA on topics such as race and medical research, 2 race and poverty and medicine, 3 enhancing diversity in medical schools, 4 and equity related to COVID-19 vaccines. 5n addition, within the past year, JAMA Network Open and JAMA Health Forum issued calls for manuscripts on prevention and effects of systemic racism in health 6,7 ; JAMA Psychiatry initiated an editorial fellowship prioritized to early-career academic psychiatrists from underrepresented backgrounds; and JAMA Surgery issued a "Call to Action" to all surgery journal editors for diversity in the editorial and peer review process.
Aktualisierte Anforderungen an die Messqualität und Qualitätssicherung (QS) von Point-of-Care-Testing (POCT)-Blutglukose-Messsystemen mit Unit-use Reagenzien, die für die Erstdiagnostik eines manifesten Diabetes in der Schwangerschaft oder eines Gestationsdiabetes mellitus (GDM) gemäß der GDM-Leitlinie der Deutschen Diabetes-Gesellschaft (DDG) geeignet sind (2015)

Zusammenfassung Die DDG und die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe haben im Jahr 2011 für den Gestationsdiabetes mellitus eine neue S3-Leitlinie veröffentlicht. In dieser Leitlinie wird erstmals auch der Einsatz von POCT-Glukose-Messsystemen mit Unit-use-Reagenzien bei der Erstdiagnostik des GDM durch den betreuenden Arzt ermöglicht. Da diese Leitlinie keine detaillierten Vorgaben für die geforderten Herstellerempfehlungen enthielt, wurden im Jahr 2012 die Anforderungen an die Messqualität und die Qualitätssicherung von POCT-Glukose-Messsystemen mit Unit-use Reagenzien für die primäre GDM-Diagnostik durch eine gemeinsame Stellungnahme der Deutschen Vereinten Gesellschaft für Klinische Chemie und Laboratoriumsmedizin (DGKL) und der DDG unter Berücksichtigung der zu diesem Zeitpunkt verfügbaren technischen Möglichkeiten konkretisiert und im Jahr 2015 wegen der zwischenzeitlichen technologischen Fortschritte dieser POCT-Systeme aktualisiert. Damit soll den Herstellern, den Zulassungs- und Regulierungsbehörden, den Nutzern bei klinischen Studien und im Praxisalltag, sowie den Kostenträgern eine evidenzbasierte Orientierung gegeben werden.
DoWhy: Addressing Challenges in Expressing and Validating Causal Assumptions (2021)

Estimation of causal effects involves crucial assumptions about the data-generating process, such as directionality of effect, presence of instrumental variables or mediators, and whether all relevant confounders are observed. Violation of any of these assumptions leads to significant error in the effect estimate. However, unlike cross-validation for predictive models, there is no global validator method for a causal estimate. As a result, expressing different causal assumptions formally and validating them (to the extent possible) becomes critical for any analysis. We present DoWhy, a framework that allows explicit declaration of assumptions through a causal graph and provides multiple validation tests to check a subset of these assumptions. Our experience with DoWhy highlights a number of open questions for future research: developing new ways beyond causal graphs to express assumptions, the role of causal discovery in learning relevant parts of the graph, and developing validation tests that can better detect errors, both for average and conditional treatment effects. DoWhy is available at https://github.com/microsoft/dowhy.
Interactive Appearance Design in the Presence of Optically Complex (2013)

In this position paper, we discuss the usability of different material representations for interactive appearance design in the context of visual prototyping. We emphasize the importance of methods explicitly considering microgeometry, particularly when combined with efficient volumetric representations. Decoupling of small-scale geometric structure and optical properties allows for the most comprehensive edits while still achieving physically plausible results, even for optically complex materials such as cloth.
Quasi-three-level model applied to measured spectra of nonlinear absorption and refraction in organic molecules (2016)

Materials with a large nonlinear refractive index (n2) and relatively small linear and nonlinear absorption losses, namely, two-photon absorption (2PA, of coefficient &#x03B1;2), have long been sought after for applications such as all-optical switching (AOS). Here we experimentally determine the linear and 2PA properties of several organic molecules, which we approximate as centrosymmetric, and use a simplified essential-state model (quasi-three-level model) to predict the dispersion of n2. We then compare these predictions with experimental measurements of n2 and find good agreement. Here &#x201C;quasi&#x201D;-three-level means using a single one-photon allowed intermediate state and multiple (here two) two-photon allowed states. This also allows predictions of the figure-of-merit (FOM), defined as the ratio of nonlinear refractive phase shift to the 2PA fractional loss, that determines the viability for such molecules to be used in device applications. The model predicts that the optimized wavelength range for a large FOM lies near the short wavelength linear absorption edge for cyanine-like dyes where the magnitude of n2 is quite large. However, 2PA bands lying close to the linear absorption edge in certain classes of molecules can greatly reduce this FOM. We identify two molecules having a large FOM for AOS. We note that the FOM is often defined as the ratio of real to imaginary parts of the third-order susceptibility (&#x03C7;(3)) with multiple processes leading to both components. As explained later in this paper, such definitions require care to only include the 2PA contribution to the imaginary part of &#x03C7;(3) in regions of transparency.
OS v : optimizing the operating system for virtual machines (2014)

Virtual machines in the cloud typically run existing general-purpose operating systems such as Linux. We notice that the cloud’s hypervisor already provides some features, such as isolation and hardware abstraction, which are duplicated by traditional operating systems, and that this duplication comes at a cost. We present the design and implementation of OSv, a new guest operating system designed specifically for running a single application on a virtual machine in the cloud. It addresses the duplication issues by using a low-overhead library-OS-like design. It runs existing appli-cations written for Linux, as well as new applications written for OSv. We demonstrate that OSv is able to effi-ciently run a variety of existing applications. We demon-strate its sub-second boot time, small OS image and how it makes more memory available to the application. For unmodified network-intensive applications, we demon-strate up to 25 % increase in throughput and 47 % de-crease in latency. By using non-POSIX network APIs, we can further improve performance and demonstrate a 290 % increase in Memcached throughput. 1
Tenascin-Y: a protein of novel domain structure is secreted by differentiated fibroblasts of muscle connective tissue. (1996)

Tenascin-Y was identified in chicken as a novel member of the tenascin (TN) family of ECM proteins. Like TN-C, TN-R, and TN-X, TN-Y is a multidomain protein consisting of heptad repeats, epidermal growth factor-like repeats, fibronectin type III-like (FNIII) domains and a domain homologous to fibrinogen. In contrast to all other known TNs, the series of FNIII domains is interrupted by a novel domain, rich in serines (S) and prolines (P) that occur as repeated S-P-X-motifs, where X stands for any amino acid. Interestingly, the TN-Y-type FNIII domains are 70-100% identical with respect to their DNA sequence. Different TN-Y variants are created by alternative splicing of FNIII domains. Although, based on sequence comparisons TN-Y is most similar to mammalian TN-X, these molecules are not species homologues. TN-Y is predominantly expressed in embryonic and adult chicken heart and skeletal muscle and, to a lower extent, also in several non-muscular tissues. Two major transcripts of approximately 6.5 and 9.5 kb are differentially expressed during heart and skeletal muscle development and are also present in the adult. Anti-TN-Y antibodies recognize a approximately 400-kD double band and a approximately 300-kD form of TN-Y on immunoblots of chicken heart extracts. In situ hybridization and immunofluorescence analysis of aortic smooth muscle, heart, and skeletal muscle revealed that TN-Y is mainly expressed and secreted by cells within muscle-associated connective tissue. Cultured primary muscle fibroblasts released a approximately 220-kD doublet and a approximately 170-kD single TN-Y variant only when cultured in 10% horse serum but not in medium containing 10% fetal calf serum. All TN-Y variants isolated bind to heparin under physiologically relevant conditions that may indicate an important function retained in all tenascins.
Context-aware Execution Migration Tool for Data Science Jupyter\n Notebooks on Hybrid Clouds (2021)

Interactive computing notebooks, such as Jupyter notebooks, have become a\npopular tool for developing and improving data-driven models. Such notebooks\ntend to be executed either in the user's own machine or in a cloud environment,\nhaving drawbacks and benefits in both approaches. This paper presents a\nsolution developed as a Jupyter extension that automatically selects which\ncells, as well as in which scenarios, such cells should be migrated to a more\nsuitable platform for execution. We describe how we reduce the execution state\nof the notebook to decrease migration time and we explore the knowledge of user\ninteractivity patterns with the notebook to determine which blocks of cells\nshould be migrated. Using notebooks from Earth science (remote sensing), image\nrecognition, and hand written digit identification (machine learning), our\nexperiments show notebook state reductions of up to 55x and migration decisions\nleading to performance gains of up to 3.25x when the user interactivity with\nthe notebook is taken into consideration.\n
Geppetto: Versatile Verifiable Computation. (2014)

Cloud computing sparked interest in Verifiable Computation protocols, which allow a weak client to securely outsource computations to remote parties. Recent work has dramatically reduced the client's cost to verify the correctness of their results, but the overhead to produce proofs remains largely impractical. Geppetto introduces complementary techniques for reducing prover overhead and increasing prover flexibility. With Multi QAPs, Geppetto reduces the cost of sharing state between computations (e.g., For MapReduce) or within a single computation by up to two orders of magnitude. Via a careful choice of cryptographic primitives, Geppetto's instantiation of bounded proof bootstrapping improves on prior bootstrapped systems by up to five orders of magnitude, albeit at some cost in universality. Geppetto also efficiently verifies the correct execution of proprietary (i.e., Secret) algorithms. Finally, Geppetto's use of energy-saving circuits brings the prover's costs more in line with the program's actual (rather than worst-case) execution time. Geppetto is implemented in a full-fledged, scalable compiler and runtime that consume LLVM code generated from a variety of source C programs and cryptographic libraries.
Growth of GaAs nanowires on metals (2008)

GaAs nanowires were grown by metalorganic vapour phase epitaxy (MOVPE) method on evaporated metal films (Au, Au / Pd, Pt, Ag, Ni, Ga, Cu, Al, Ti) or Ga droplets formed from the metalorganic precursor trimethylgallium (TMG). The samples were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). SEM images reveal that nanowires grow directly on the metals. TEM characterization shows crystallites in Au and Ga which seem to serve as nucleation points for the growth of nanowires.
Measurement of /sup 13/CH/sub 4///sup 12/CH/sub 4/ ratios in air using diode-pumped 3.3 μm difference-frequency generation in PPLN (2002)

Methane has a significant effect on the radiative balance of the troposphere and stratosphere because it has a strong absorption at 7.66 /spl mu/m where carbon dioxide and water absorb only weakly. Accurate measurements of the abundance of methane are thus of considerable interest to climatologists. Previously, we demonstrated a spectrometer capable of producing fast, accurate measurements of the methane mixing ratios in natural air samples. This system demonstrated a relative accuracy of less than 10/sup -9/ mol/mol (1 ppb by volume), which is comparable to what can be achieved using non-spectroscopic methods. This system employed bulk periodically poled lithium niobate pumped by a solitary diode laser at 808 nm and a diode pumped monolithic ring Nd:YAG laser at 1064 nm, and a multi-pass absorption cell with 18 m pathlength. We generated approximately 1 /spl mu/W of infrared radiation at 3019 cm/sup -1/ using 21 mW from a grating-tuned extended-cavity diode laser at 806 nm and 382 mW from a diode-laser-pumped Nd:YAG laser at 1064 nm to pump a periodically poled lithium niobate crystal. Because this system is compact, uses all solid-state lasers, and could be made transportable, it has potential applications for field measurements where rapid, nondestructive concentration and isotope ratio measurements are needed. Even though it is not competitive with state-of-the-art nonoptical instruments, this system can measure /sup 13/CH/sub 4///sup 12/CH/sub 4/ ratios at CH/sub 4/ concentrations of only 1.6/spl times/10/sup -6/ mol/mol without gas processing.
Sensitivity analysis for III–V/Si tandem solar cells: A theoretical study (2017)

10.7567/JJAP.56.08MC14
MONT ALTO BOROUGH COUNCIL MEETING (2008)

CALL TO ORDER – Council President Dennis Monn called the Regular meeting of February 1, 2010 of the Mont Alto Borough Council to order at 6:33 p.m. ROLL CALL – Beverly Spicer, Shannon Strizziere, Cheryl Sobun, Dennis Monn and Thomas Lowson present. MAYOR – Mayor John Esser present. BOROUGH STAFF – Jeff Evans Solicitor, Larson Wenger Maintenance Supervisor, Michael Hansen Zoning Officer and Patricia Kocek Borough Secretary INVOCATION – P. Kocek PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE VISITORS Allison Schuhart The Record Herald Karlton Smith Concerned citizen and potential Council member VACANCY BOARD HEARING Chairperson P. Kocek called the Vacancy Board Hearing to order at 6:35 p.m. Mont Alto Borough Council sits as the Vacancy Board. Chairperson P. Kocek told the Vacancy Board that they have two (2) seats to fill and in their packets they were provided with three (3) letters from citizens of the Borough expressing an interest in serving on Mont Alto Borough Council. Council Seat 2 years (2010 and 2011) 4 year term not filled at 2009 election – T. Lowson nominated Rick Lee for the vacant Council seat, S. Strizziere seconded, any discussion, C. Sobun read a prepared statement expressing her opposition to appointing R. Lee to Mont Alto Borough Council. S. Strizziere made a motion to close the nominations; T. Lowson seconded, any other discussion on closing the nominations, Remarks were made by T. Lowson stating why R. Lee should be appointed to Borough Council. Any other discussion on the motion to close the nominations, hearing none, all in favor of closing the nominations for the Council seat to be filled by the Vacancy Board that was not filled at the election in 2009, all in favor Aye, discussion, S. Strizziere withdrew her motion to close the nominations,
Modeling the Equilibrium Swelling of Latex Particles with Monomers (1982)

The dependence of the swelling ratio on latex particle size and interfacial tension was studied on two polymer latex systems : polystyrene swollen with styrene in the presence of anionic, nonionic, and polymeric surfactants; and polymethyl methacrylate swollen with methyl methacrylate in the presence of anionic surfactants. The equilibrium swelling ratio was obtained by extracting monomer from swollen latex particles with iso-octane, and then determining the monomer concentration in the extract with a UV detector. The particle-water interfacial tension at equilibrium swelling was estimated by the drop volume method. Comparison of the experimental data with Morton's theory defined a monomer-polymer interaction parameter of 0.35 and a corresponding semi-empirical equation describing the swelling of polystyrene latexes with styrene . A monomer-polymer interaction parameter of 0.45 and a semi-empirical equation was obtained for the swelling of polymethyl methacrylate latexes with methyl methacrylate. A generalized model which takes into account the effect of water dissolved in the swollen particles as well as in the monomer phase is presented. Comparison of the swelling data with the theoretical curves from this model is shown.
Reaction of wool with strong solutions of sulfuric acid (1937)

Data on the effect on wool of treatment with solutions of sulfuric acid of different concentrations at 5, 25, and 50 C for 15 minutes and of an 8 0-percent solution of sulfuric acid at 25 C for different lengths of time are presented. The results suggest that strong sulfuric acid r eacts with the basic groups in wool to form sulfamic acid derivatives. The acid-combining capacity of wool decreases and the base-combining capacity increases in proportion to the number of sulfamic acid groups formed.
Optimal Design of Synchronous Reference Frame Harmonic Detection Method (2007)

In this paper a definite transfer function of the synchronous reference frame (SRF) harmonic detection method is formulated and an optimal design of low-pass filter (LPF) algorithm is given. A cascade-form exponential mean (EM) low pass filter with high sampling rate is proposed to solve the contradiction between the detection accuracy and dynamic response. Simulation and experimental results verify its validity.