gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Estimating and undoing rotation for print-scan resilient data hiding (2005)

This paper proposes a method to hide information into images that achieves robustness against printing and scanning with blind decoding. A significant contribution of this paper is a technique to estimate and undo rotation. The method is based on the fact that laser printers use an ordered digital halftoning algorithm for printing. Using the proposed hiding method, several hundred information bits can be embedded into 512/spl times/512 images with perfect recovery against the print-scan operation. Moreover, the hidden images also survive other attacks such as Gaussian or median filtering, scaling or aspect ratio change, heavy JPEG compression, and rows and/or columns removal.
Low molecular weight protamine as an efficient and nontoxic gene carrier: in vitro study (2003)

The present study suggested that LMWP could be a useful and safe tool for enhancing delivery of bioactive molecules and therapeutic DNA products into cells when applied in gene therapy.
Generalized Simple Theory for Estimating Lateral Leakage Loss Behavior in Silicon-on-Insulator Ridge Waveguides (2009)

In this paper, we numerically investigate the lateral leakage loss behavior for TM-like modes in silicon-on-insulator ridge wave guides. If the waveguide width is set to satisfy a certain condition, the leakage loss of the TM-like mode leads to be a minimum. When utilizing TM-like modes in the ridge wave guides, it is the main drawback that the tolerance for the variations in the waveguide width and operation wavelength is too small. In this paper, we propose a novel ridge waveguide structure, where a dimple is introduced at the ridge region. It is shown from the finite-element analysis that the ridge waveguide with a dimple is both low loss and fabrication tolerant.
Electron Impact Mass Spectra of Some Bis-(2-benzothiazolyl)furans and Bis-(2-benzothiazolyl)thiophenes (1996)

The electron impact mass spectra of some bis-(2-benzothiazolyl)furans and bis-(2-benzothiazolyl)thiophenes have been recorded and the identity of various ions in the mass spectra established. Compounds 1 and 2 present model substances and it is found that their fragmentation pathway is similar to the mono-(2-benzothiazoles). Compounds where the benzothiazolyl groups are directly substituted on the furan nuclei, but in different positions, exhibit two main pathways of fragmentation: fragmentation of the furan nucleus and fragmentation of the benzothiazole nucleus. Other compounds studied show specific fragmentation characteristic for divinyl furan compounds and for compounds with a phenyl substituent between two heterocyclic nuclei.
P772 Development and validation of tools to assess food additive intake: the ENIGMA study (2019)

Processed food additives are widely used to change food consistency, appearance and shelf life. In the Food Agriculture Organization/ WHO International Food Standards CODEX additives are deemed non-toxic or carcinogenic, but their functional impact is unknown. The global pandemics of metabolic and inflammatory bowel diseases have occurred in parallel with widespread additive use. Additives have been causally linked to microbiota changes and mucus layer destruction. A validated measure of food additive intake does not exist. We report the development and validation of 2 food additive measurement tools. Questionnaire design: Two dietitians working in Australia and Hong Kong created a database of food additives (n = 10) implicated in IBD, the CODEX food-categories they are permitted in, and their maximum suggested permissible concentration (mg/kg). Food categories were condensed into 27 food lists, with examples. Intake in early life (part 1) and recently (part 2) were assessed. Part 1 comprised 39 dichotomous questions on breast-feeding, home and processed food consumption up to age 18. Part 2 assessed frequency of consumption for the 27 food lists in the preceding 12 months. Forward–backward translation into Hong Kong Chinese was undertaken. Pilot testing: 31 individuals assessed understandability. Validation: A new cohort of 26 individuals undertook the tool twice, 2 weeks apart, to assess reproducibility. Cohen’s’ Kappa-co-efficient was used to assess percent agreement for part 1 questions. Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to assess the agreement between the total annual frequencies of the food lists. Pilot testing: Participants reported difficulty recalling food intake, estimating portions and confusion around certain terms. Instructions were therefore added for estimating food intake. Validation cohort: Respondents judged the questionnaires easy to understand and complete. The average kappa-coefficient for part 1 questions was 0.5. Eighteen per cent of questions had slight to fair correlations, 36% had moderate correlations, and 46% had substantial to almost perfect correlations. Researchers expect moderate correlations in measures of remote diet intake. For part 2 the ICC for total, annual frequency of the 27 food lists was 0.888 (p < 0.001), indicating good reliability. Two tools (part 1 and 2) have been developed and validated, in two major languages and cultures, which reproducibly assess early-life and recent intake of food additives. These can be applied to individuals to assess this important emerging field of the relationship between food additive intake and disease.
The status and problems in subsidizing interferon treatment in Gunma prefecture (2011)

慢性肝炎に対するインターフェロン医療費助成制度は，都道府県単位で運用されており，地域により必ずしも同一ではない．今回，我々は群馬県における現況と問題点について検討した．平成20年4月から2年間の申請者数は，C型1212人，B型10人で，C型肝炎での申請見込みに対しての達成率は52.7％であった．県内は，10地区の2次医療圏に分けられるが，医療圏によって申請数，専門医数に偏りが見られた．県内の肝疾患診療連携拠点病院等連絡協議会委員に実施したアンケート調査では，制度や助成金額などに何らかの変更を望む委員は52.6％であった．肝炎治療助成制度が導入され，新たに治療が導入される患者が増加する一方，想定申請数には達しておらず，今後も医療体制の構築や啓発活動が必要であると考えられた．病診連携の強化，職場のバックアップ体制の整備など，医療者，行政が連携し，総合的な取り組みが必要であると考えられた．
Antisense Phosphorothioate Oligodeoxynucleotides Alter HIV Type 1 Replication in Cultured Human Macrophages and Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (1995)

The use of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides as antiviral drugs to combat HIV-1 infection may offer an alternative to traditional pharmacological therapies. We compared the effects of two 28-mer antisense phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides [PS-oligo(dN)] with non-sequence-specific controls on HIV-1 replication in long-term human monocyte/macrophage and PBMC cultures. The anti-rev PS-oligo(dN) was complementary to the messenger RNA (mRNA) sequences derived from the overlapping region of the HIV-1 regulatory genes tat and rev, while anti-gag targeted the translational initiation site of the gag mRNA. In vitro cytotoxicity of the PS-oligo(dN) was evaluated at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 10.0 microM for a period of 20 days. Cell survival was 100% at 0.1 microM, but decreased to 5% at 10.0 microM in relation to the untreated control cultures. Our data demonstrate that replication of both the T cell-tropic and macrophage-tropic HIV-1 strains in primary cells can be inhibited by PS-oligo(dN) in a sequence-specific and dose-dependent manner at concentrations achievable in vivo. However, the sequence-dependent antiviral activity of the utilized PS-oligo(dN) was limited to a window of specificity at concentrations between 0.25 and 1.0 microM.
Valproic Acid Prevents Penile Fibrosis and Erectile Dysfunction in Cavernous Nerve-Injured Rats (2014)

HDAC-induced pathological signaling in response to BCNI contributes to penile vascular dysfunction. Pharmacological inhibition of HDAC prevents penile fibrosis, normalizes fibronectin expression, and preserves erectile function. The HDAC pathway may represent a suitable target in preventing the progression of ED occurring post-radical prostatectomy.
Robotic, image-guided TMS: methods, validations and applications (2002)

Summary form only given. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can be used to depolarize neuronal populations in discrete regions of the human cerebral cortex. Once created, these local neuronal activations propagate physiologically to other regions following the neuronal pathways of the brain. Positron-emission tomography (PET) can be used to image TMS-induced brain activations, both local (at the site of stimulation) and remote (via connections). To allow highly precise mapping of human cerebral connectivity, we have developed a fully robotic, image-guided system for imaging and delivering TMS, which can be used during PET or alone. A strategy for accommodating variations in cortical geometry has been developed and validated.
Figure S6 from Identification of Membrane-expressed CAPRIN-1 as a Novel and Universal Cancer Target, and Generation of a Therapeutic Anti-CAPRIN-1 Antibody TRK-950 (2023)

&lt;p&gt;CAPRIN-1 expression on the cell membrane increases due to stressful stimuli to the cancer cells.&lt;/p&gt;
THREE STRIKES AND YOU'RE OUT—INTERLEUKIN-10 IN CROHN'S DISEASE (2002)

physicians caring for these patients need to become better educators.
Exploiting nonlinear wave propagation to improve the precision of ultrasonic flow meters (2021)

Acoustic wave propagation in ultrasonic flow measurements is typically assumed to be linear and reciprocal. However, if the transmitting transducer generates a sufficiently high pressure, nonlinear wave propagation effects become significant. In flow measurements, this would translate into more information to estimate the flow and therefore a higher precision relative to the linear case. In this work, we investigate how the generated harmonics can be used to measure flow. Measurements in a custom-made flow loop and simulations using the Khokhlov-Zabolotskaya-Kuznetsov (KZK) equation will show that the second harmonic component provides similar transit time differences to those obtained from the fundamental component, their linear combination results in more precise flow measurements compared to the estimations with the fundamental component alone.
Genetic Diversity of the Internal Transcribed Spacers (ITS) and 5.85 rRNA Genes among the Clinical Isolates of Candida parapsilosis in Brazil and Japan (2005)

The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region including 5.8S rDNA sequences of 58 isolates of Candida parapsilosis in Brazil and Japan was analyzed. Although most of the C. parapsilosis strains tested were confirmed to belong to three already reported genetically distinct groups (I, II and III) based on their ITS region sequences, 5 strains of the Brazilian isolates showed different sequences from those heretofore reported and suggested a presence of new genotype. For these strains of C. parapsilosis, we proposed a new genetic group (IV). The sequence similarities of this new group of IV to I, II and III were 87.4%, 94.7% and 87.3% in the ITS1 region, respectively. Genetic diversity in ITS regions of the remaining C. parapsilosis strains in Brazil and Japan was also discussed.
Preclinical development of anti B7-H4 therapeutic antibodies (2008)

4986 B7-H4 ( O8E ) is a plasma membrane protein and a member of the B7 family of immune system co-stimulatory molecules. Its role and expression in the immune system remains to be fully characterized. However, B7-H4 has been shown to be absent from most normal tissues and highly expressed in multiple malignancies including breast cancer and ovarian cancer. Thus, even though this class of molecules may seem attractive as anti-cancer targets through immune stimulation, B7-H4 may be more tractable as a direct target on cancer cells. Here, we confirm the expression of B7-H4 in breast and ovarian cancer, as well as the limited normal tissue expression. In order to exploit the cancer specific expression of B7-H4 in a therapeutic setting we have developed fully human antibodies targeting B7-H4. These antibodies have high affinity and specificity and show both internalizing and ADCC activity on B7-H4 expressing cell lines. In a therapeutic xenograft model, an anti B7-H4 antibody-drug-conjugate is able to induce long term cures from a single low dose. Furthermore, this anti B7-H4 antibody is cross reactive with the mouse version of the protein, and shows no obvious on target toxicity despite the mouse protein showing similar normal tissue expression to humans. Thus B7-H4 is an attractive target for the development of targeted cytolytic antibodies for multiple cancer types.
Effect of socioeconomic status on survival from cervical cancer in Sheffield. (1987)

The relation between age at registration, socioeconomic status, and survival from cervical cancer for women resident in Sheffield was examined using the 556 such cases registered with the Trent Cancer Registry from 1971 to 1984. The address and electoral ward at registration were used to categorize the socioeconomic status of 99% of the women. Five year survival for all cases was 49%, increasing age having a predictable deleterious effect. Socioeconomic status seemed to have little effect on survival, especially when the covarying effect of age had been taken into account. It is hypothesised that the survival inequalities for cervical cancer demonstrated elsewhere have largely been prevented in Sheffield by good access to effective treatment from the National Health Service.
Studying chaos via 1-D maps-a tutorial (1993)

In this introductory tutorial paper, we show how 1-D maps can be useful in analyzing experimentally the chaotic dynamics and bifurcations of circuits and systems. We illustrate this by means of Chua's circuit.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The Case for Unlicensed Spectrum (2011)

Demand for wireless data communication has risen rapidly in the past few years, raising important policy questions about how to allocate radio spectrum for this purpose. Historically, the US government has designated some spectrum for licensed use and a smaller but significant amount for unlicensed use. We discuss the advantages of each approach, and explain why unlicensed spectrum in particular has been a catalyst for innovation, and an important complement to licensed spectrum. We also explain why allocating a portion of spectrum for unlicensed use need not reduce government revenue from selling spectrum licenses, and the serious flaws in proposed auction-based approaches for determining the fraction of spectrum to leave unlicensed.
Resistance of corynebacterial strains to infection and lysis by corynephage BFK 20 (2004)

This study increases the knowledge on defence mechanisms of corynebacteria against bacteriophages.
B220 expression by T lymphoid progenitor cells in mouse fetal liver (1997)

The present study has characterized T lymphoid progenitor cells that reside in mouse fetal liver. Day 14 fetal liver contains progenitor cells that can differentiate into mature T cells upon being transferred into the thymus by hanging drop cultures. Fractionation of fetal liver cells indicated that T progenitor cells were confined in TER119- CD45+ FcR(low) cells. To our surprise, B220+ rather than B220- fraction in TER119- CD45+ FcR(low) fetal liver cells exhibited efficient progenitor activity generating T cells. Progenitor activity by the B220+ fetal liver cells was restricted to T cells, B cells, and macrophages at frequency approximately 1/10, approximately 1/10, and approximately 1/20, respectively, of isolated B220+ cells. B220+ fetal liver cells did not contain detectable D-J rearrangement of TCR-beta gene and were c-kit+ IL-7R+ Thy-1- CD3- CD4(low) CD8- CD25- CD44+. B220+ fetal liver cells expressed mRNAs encoding TCR-beta, pT alpha, Ig alpha, and VpreB. Interestingly, TCR beta-chains were expressed by B220+ fetal liver cells in the VDJ-rearranged TCR-beta-transgenic mice, indicating that TCR-beta transcription and B220 expression are activated simultaneously by the transgenic B220+ fetal liver cells. These results indicate that B220 is expressed by fetal liver lymphoid progenitor cells that can become T cells, and suggest that lymphoid progenitor cells in fetal liver concurrently undergo T- and B-specific molecular events within a single cell.
Disruption of the STAT4 Signaling Pathway Protects from Autoimmune Diabetes While Retaining Antiviral Immune Competence (1999)

The role of the STAT4 signaling pathway in autoimmune diabetes was investigated using the rat insulin promoter lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus model of virally induced autoimmune diabetes. Abrogation of STAT4 signaling significantly reduced the development of CD4+-T cell-dependent but not CD4+-T cell-independent diabetes, illustrating the fine-tuned kinetics involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmunity. However, the absence of STAT4 did not prevent the generation of autoreactive Th1/Tc1 T cell responses, as well as protective antiviral immunity. Protection from insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus was associated with decreased numbers of autoreactive CTL precursors in the pancreas and the spleen and a general as well as Ag-specific reduction of IFN-gamma secretion by T lymphocytes. A shift from Th1 to Th2 T cell immunity was not observed. Hence, our results implicate both CTL and cytokines in beta cell destruction. Selective inhibition of the STAT4 signal transduction pathway might constitute a novel and attractive approach to prevent clinical insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in prediabetic individuals at risk.
Effect of Foreign Metal Doping on the Gas Sensing Behaviors of SnO<sub>2</sub>-Based Gas Sensor (2008)

Recently, we have proposed some theoretical models, power laws and effect of particle shape and size, for semiconductor gas sensors. The models show that a depletion theory of semiconductor can be combined with the dynamics of adsorption and/or reactions of gases on the surface. In the case of SnO2, the relative resistance (R/R0) is proportional to PO 2 n, where n is a constant value (n=1/2) on oxygen partial pressure. In addition, carrier concentration in SnO2 influences depth of the depletion. In this study, to experimentally reveal such effects, we tried to control the carrier concentration in SnO2 by foreign doping and examined their electrical resistance and sensor response. Correlations between doping concentration, crystalline size, and partial pressures of oxygen and H2 on the electric resistance are discussed to reveal the material design for semiconductor gas sensors.
UsingMOSTto reveal the secrets of the mischievous Wolf-Rayet binary CV Ser (2012)

The Wolf-Rayet (WR) binary CV Serpentis (= WR113, WC8d + O8-9IV) has been a source of mystery since it was shown that its atmospheric eclipses change with time over decades, in addition to its sporadic dust production.The first high-precision time-dependent photometric observations obtained with the Microvariability and Oscillations of STars (MOST) space telescope in 2009 show two consecutive eclipses over the 29-d orbit, with varying depths.A subsequent MOST run in 2010 showed a seemingly asymmetric eclipse profile.In order to help make sense of these observations, parallel optical spectroscopy was obtained from the Mont Megantic Observatory (2009, 2010) and from the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory (2009).Assuming these depth variations are entirely due to electron scattering in a β-law wind, an unprecedented 62 per cent increase in Ṁ is observed over one orbital period.Alternatively, no change in mass-loss rate would be required if a relatively small fraction of the carbon ions in the wind globally recombined and coaggulated to form carbon dust grains.However, it remains a mystery as to how this could occur.There also seems to be evidence for the presence of corotating interaction regions (CIR) in the WR wind: a CIR-like signature is found in the light curves, implying a potential rotation period for the WR star of 1.6 d.Finally, a new circular orbit is derived, along with constraints for the wind collision.
Lipocalin-2 in Diabetic Complications of the Nervous System: Physiology, Pathology, and Beyond (2021)

Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) is a 25 kDa secreted protein that belongs to the family of lipocalins, a group of transporters of small hydrophobic molecules such as iron, fatty acids, steroids, and lipopolysaccharide in circulation. LCN2 was previously found to be involved in iron delivery, pointing toward a potential role for LCN2 in immunity. This idea was further validated when LCN2 was found to limit bacterial growth during infections in mice by sequestering iron-laden siderophores. Recently, LCN2 was also identified as a critical regulator of energy metabolism, glucose and lipid homeostasis, and insulin function. Furthermore, studies using <i>Lcn2</i> knockout mice suggest an important role for LCN2 in several biobehavioral responses, including cognition, emotion, anxiety, and feeding behavior. Owing to its expression and influence on multiple metabolic and neurological functions, there has emerged a great deal of interest in the study of relationships between LCN2 and neurometabolic complications. Thorough investigation has demonstrated that LCN2 is involved in several neurodegenerative diseases, while more recent studies have shown that LCN2 is also instrumental for the progression of diabetic complications like encephalopathy and peripheral neuropathy. Preliminary findings have shown that LCN2 is also a promising drug target and diagnostic marker for the treatment of neuropathic complications from diabetes. In particular, future translational research related to LCN2, such as the development of small-molecule inhibitors or neutralizing antibodies against LCN2, appears essential for exploring its potential as a therapeutic target.
A roadmap for the development of “Training system of specialists for nuclear medicine facilities at the Saint Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical University” (2022)

In this paper, we present part of the discussion materials, as well as general conclusions about the training system of specialists for nuclear medicine facilities during speeches and reports at the Scientific and Practical Forum, which was held in person at Saint Petersburg Chemical and Pharmaceutical University (SPCPU) in June and December 2021 on the following topics: Environmental protection. Environmental Risk Assessment at Nuclear Medicine Facilities and Experimental Pharmacology Centers and Environmental Protection. Environmental Risks Assessment in the Radiopharmaceuticals Waste Management. The main goal of the Scientific and Practical Forum was to determine approaches to improving and harmonizing masters programs and to develop new programs of additional education at SPCPU in the field of training masters and qualified specialists for nuclear medicine infrastructure facilities, the Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency and the Rosatom State Atomiс Energy Corporation. At the core of our work is the solution of the problem of training personnel for nuclear medicine facilities - the development of an integrated system for monitoring the science progress, technology and innovation in Russia and abroad, forming an information base on promising trends in scientific and technological development, as well as the identification global technological trends that may have the greatest impact on the development of nuclear medicine. For a clear solution of the tasks to achieve the goal of training specialists for nuclear medicine facilities, we propose approaches to develop a roadmap for the development of the Training system of specialists for nuclear medicine facilities at the Saint Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical University and tools for collecting and processing statistical data and other elements, in accordance with the regulatory legal acts, federal and local regulatory documents.