gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On controller performance in software-defined networks (2012)

Network architectures in which the control plane is decoupled from the data plane have been growing in popularity. Among the main arguments for this approach is that it provides a more structured software environment for developing network-wide abstractions while potentially simplifying the data plane. As has been adopted elsewhere [11], we refer to this split architecture as Software-Defined Networking (SDN). While it has been argued that SDN is suitable for some deployment environments (such as homes [17, 13], data centers [1], and the enterprise [5]), delegating control to a remote system has raised a number of questions on control-plane scaling implications of such an approach. Two of the most often voiced concerns are: (a) how fast can the controller respond to data path requests?; and (b) how many data path requests can it handle per second? There are some references to the performance of SDN systems in the literature [16, 5, 3]. For example, an oft-cited study shows that a popular network controller (NOX) handles around 30k flow initiation events1 per second while maintaining a sub-10ms flow install time [14]. Unfortunately, recent measurements of some deployment environments suggests that these numbers are far from sufficient. For example, Kandula et al. [9] found that a 1500-server cluster has a median flow arrival rate of 100k flows per second. Also, Benson et al. [2] show that a network with 100 switches can have spikes of 10M flows arrivals per second in the worst case. In addition, the 10ms flow setup delay of an SDN controller would add a 10% delay to the majority of flows (short-lived) in such a network. This disconnect between relatively poor controller performance and high network demands has motivated a
The use of Taq DNA polymerase to determine the sequence specificity of DNA damage caused by cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II), acridine-tethered platinum(II) diammine complexes or two analogues. (1992)

cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cisplatin) forms adducts with DNA. The sequence specificity of formation of cisplatin adducts with plasmid DNA was investigated using Taq DNA polymerase. This procedure involved the extension of an oligonucleotide primer by Taq DNA polymerase up to the cisplatin adduct. Using thermal cycling, this process is repeated many times in order to amplify the signal. The products of this linear amplification can then be examined on DNA sequencing gels, and the sequence specificity of cisplatin adduct formation can be determined to the exact base pair. In the pUC8 plasmid, the sequences that produced the most intense damage sites (as determined by densitometry) were runs of two or more Gs. Adducts could also be detected at GA, AG, and GC dinucleotides. Four other cisplatin analogues were also tested in the system. Two of these analogues contained an attached intercalating chromophore, and the strong damage with these compounds was similar to that found for cisplatin, but the medium and weak damage tended to be different. Weak damage was also detected with trans-diamminedichloroplatinum(II). With this compound, a large number of the damage sites were at the CG dinucleotide. This technique represents a simple, accurate, and quick method for determining the sequence specificity of damage for a cisplatin analogue in any DNA sequence.
An Experimental Study of the Effects of CO2 Injection on Gas/Condensate Recovery and CO2 Storage in Gas-Condensate Reservoirs (2021)

Abstract The application of non-hydrocarbon gas injection for enhanced gas and condensate recovery (EGCR) is still in a developmental stage as the mixing/interaction between the injected gas and resident reservoir fluid is yet to be extensively understood and the inability to optimize the recovery process has led to limited pilot trials. Carbon dioxide (CO2) injection into gas-condensate reservoirs for improved recovery and CO2 storage provides additional and favorable changes in phase and fluid flow behaviour making it economically more attractive compared to other injection gases. However, to make an informed decision, adequate phase and flow behaviour analysis are required to better forecast the reservoir performance under CO2 injection. In this research, appropriate experimental phase behaviour, EOS modeling, and unsteady-state flow tests have been conducted to determine the level of CO2/gas-condensate interaction including condensing/vaporizing mechanisms during CO2 Huff-n-Puff (HnP) injection. A CO2 HnP injection technique was followed to identify the best CO2 flooding conditions. A total of four HnP injection cycles with incremental CO2 volumes of 20, 40, 60, and 80 % of the initial resident fluid volume prior to depletion was considered. CO2 injection pressure and volume are optimized below the saturation pressure. The analysis is based on evaluating the level of interaction between CO2 and resident fluid at the maximum condensate saturation of the corresponding CO2-gas-condensate fluid mixture as determined in a phase equilibria cell. Appropriate experimental phase behaviour and core flood data were generated and analyzed to identify and quantify the level of condensing/vaporizing mechanisms which are vital for adequate optimization of the injection pressure and amount of injected CO2 for both enhanced gas and condensate recovery and CO2 storage purposes. The amount of gas, condensate, and CO2 produced at each core flood stage was recorded. These data allow bridging the gap between conflicting reports on the trend and level of CO2/gas-condensate fluid interactions at pressures below the dew point pressure (Pdew). They also provide a better knowledge of the governing mechanisms during CO2 flooding, which are required for designing appropriate CO2 HnP injection for reservoir engineering applications.
Mitigating macro-cell outage in LTE-Advanced deployments (2015)

LTE network service reliability is highly dependent on the wireless coverage that is provided by cell towers (eNB). Therefore, the network operator's response to outage scenarios needs to be fast and efficient, in order to minimize any degradation in the Quality of Service (QoS). In this paper, we propose an outage mitigation framework for LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) wireless networks. Our framework exploits the inherent design features of LTE-A; it performs a dual optimization of the transmission power and beamforming weight parameters at each neighbor cell sector of the outage eNBs, while taking into account both the channel characteristics and residual eNB resources, after serving its current traffic load. Assuming statistical Channel State Information about the users at the eNBs, we show that this problem is theoretically NP-hard; thus we relax it as a convex optimization problem and solve for the optimal points using an iterative algorithm. Contrary to previously-proposed power control studies, our framework is specifically designed to alleviate the effects of sudden LTE-A eNB outages, where a large number of mobile users need to be efficiently offloaded to nearby towers. We present the detailed analytical design of our framework, and we assess its efficacy via extensive NS-3 simulations on an LTE-A topology. Our simulations demonstrate that our framework provides adequate coverage and QoS across all examined outage scenarios.
Blood brain barrier permeability increases with age in individuals with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (2021)

Increased BBB permeability seems to be a trait of 22q11.2DS that evolves sometime in early adulthood. Our findings are in line with previous reports on non-syndromic schizophrenia, and suggest potential novel neural pathways to psychosis in 22q11.2DS.
In Vitro Analysis of Protein-Operator Interactions of the NikR and Fur Metal-Responsive Regulators of Coregulated Genes inHelicobacter pylori (2005)

Two important metal-responsive regulators, NikR and Fur, are involved in nickel and iron homeostasis and controlling gene expression in Helicobacter pylori. To date, they have been implicated in the regulation of sets of overlapping genes. We have attempted here dissection of the molecular mechanisms involved in transcriptional regulation of the NikR and Fur proteins, and we investigated protein-promoter interactions of the regulators with known target genes. We show that H. pylori NikR is a tetrameric protein and, through DNase I footprinting analysis, we have identified operators for NikR to which it binds with different affinities in a metal-responsive way. Mapping of the NikR binding site upstream of the urease promoter established a direct role for NikR as a positive regulator of transcription and, through scanning mutagenesis of this binding site, we have determined two subsites that are important for the binding of the protein to its target sequence. Furthermore, by alignment of the operators for NikR, we have shown that the H. pylori protein recognizes a sequence that is distinct from its well-studied orthologue in Escherichia coli. Moreover, we show that NikR and Fur can bind independently at distinct operators and also compete for overlapping operators in some coregulated gene promoters, adding another dimension to the previous suggested link between iron and nickel regulation. Finally, the importance of an interconnection between metal-responsive gene networks for homeostasis is discussed.
Preparation and photochromic properties of dye-doped aluminosilicate ORMOCER gels and coatings (1994)

Aluminosilicate and ORMOCER gels and coatings containing photochromic dyes, 1, 3-dihydro-1, 3, 3-trimethylspiro-[2H-indole-2, 3'-[3H]-naphth-[2, 1-b][1, 4]-oxazine] (SO) and 1', 8a'-dihydro-2', 3'-dimethoxycarbonyl-spiro [fluorene-9, 1'-indolizine] (DHI), were prepared by the sol-gel method and the photochromic activity was monitored in the course of the sol-wetgel-xerogel transformation. The photochromic activity of the aluminosilicate gels decreases rapidly and even vanishes in the wetgel-xerogel stage while that of ORMOCER gels and coatings levels off in the early wetgel-xerogel stage at a reasonably high photochromic intensity with the colour-fading speed similar to that in ethanol and the photostability being considerably improved. The experimental results are discussed in terms of the matrix effect on photochromism of organic dyes.
The spread of finite and infinite groups (2022)

It is well known that every finite simple group has a generating pair. Moreover, Guralnick and Kantor proved that every finite simple group has the stronger property, known as $\frac{3}{2}$-generation, that every nontrivial element is contained in a generating pair. Much more recently, this result has been generalised in three different directions, which form the basis of this survey article. First, we look at some stronger forms of $\frac{3}{2}$-generation that the finite simple groups satisfy, which are described in terms of spread and uniform domination. Next, we discuss the recent classification of the finite $\frac{3}{2}$-generated groups. Finally, we turn our attention to infinite groups, focusing on the recent discovery that the finitely presented simple groups of Thompson are also $\frac{3}{2}$-generated, as are many of their generalisations. Throughout the article we pose open questions in this area, and we highlight connections with other areas of group theory.
Auricular Reconstruction from Rib to 3D Printing (2017)

The human ear imparts critical form and function and remains one of the most challenging facial features to reconstruct. Over the past century, surgeons have developed numerous techniques and materials for total auricular reconstruction. Refined costal cartilage techniques have remained the gold standard for the past half-century. Recent advancements with novel materials, tissue engineering and 3D printing provide immense potential; however, prohibitive costs and regulatory steps remain as barriers to clinical translation.
Self-Assembled Low-Dimensional Potassium Structures on GaAs(110) (2004)

We investigated the adsorption structures of K atoms on a GaAs(110) surface as a function of coverage by scanning tunneling microscopy. We found three kinds of adsorption structures, namely, the low-density linear chain, the asymmetric chain and the symmetric chain. At the initial stage with low coverage, K atoms form low-density linear and asymmetric chains. With increasing coverage, low-density linear chains disappeared and the number of asymmetric chains increased. At high adsorption coverage, K atoms began to form symmetric chains, so that the symmetric and asymmetric chains coexisted. The strong dependency of the adsorption structure on the coverage is discussed by considering a recent theoretical work.
Abstract 98: The somatic mutational landscape of the mitochondrial genome in prostate cancer: evaluation of clinical impact (2016)

Abstract Prostate cancer remains the most prevalent and second most lethal non-skin cancer in men. Whole genome studies have provided important insights into specific driver genes, however most of these studies have not assessed one key portion of the genome: the mitochondrial genome. To gain a complete understanding of the most commonly-diagnosed sub-groups of prostate cancer: low- and intermediate-risk localized disease, we surveyed the mitochondrial genomes from next-generation sequencing (NGS) data of over 300 tumour samples from prostate cancer patients. These samples were mainly from prostate cancer patients with clinical Gleason Scores of 3+3, 3+4 and 4+3. All had at least 5 years of follow-up data (median &amp;gt; 8 years), allowing identification of clinical associations with identified somatic mutations via Cox Proportional Hazards modeling and machine-learning. Recurrent somatic mutations in mtDNA were identified, and these were associated with clinical outcomes. One third of patients were found to have a somatic mtDNA mutation. These mutations appear to be associated with age of patient. The mtDNA region with the majority of mutations was the regulatory D-loop region, although certain proteins had high numbers of mutations. Those somatic mutations occurring within the coding regions in general were nonsynonymous. Specific identified candidate somatic mutations were validated via Sanger sequencing. Clinical associations between somatic were also integrated with existing copy-number alteration (CNA) biomarkers using machine learning methods to evaluate performance. mtDNA mutations were also compared to identified aberrations (CNA, PGA, SNVs) within the nuclear genome to determine correlations between the two genomes, in addition to other somatic mutations or altered-expression in nuclear-encoded mitochondrial proteins. Taken together, these data demonstrate a key role for mitochondrial mutations in driving prostate cancer. Citation Format: Julia F. Hopkins, Veronica Y. Sabelnykova, John Watson, Lawrence E. Heisler, Junyan Zhang, Michael Fraser, Theodorus van der Kwast, Robert G. Bristow, Paul C. Boutros. The somatic mutational landscape of the mitochondrial genome in prostate cancer: evaluation of clinical impact. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 98.
1210 Improvement in Efficiency and Operating Range of Centrifugal Blower Stage for Sewage Aeration Blower (2010)

We developed a high performance blower stages to meet the need for reducing total energy-consumption in sewage treatment plants. Each blower stage has a two-dimensional impeller, low solidity vaned diffuser, and return channel. In impeller design, a shape-optimization utilizing an one-dimensional performance prediction tool was conducted. In design of the low solidity vaned diffuser and return channel, sensitivity analyses for the loss in the stage were conducted. Then new diffuser and return channel were designed using results of the sensitivity analyses. Orthogonal arrays were used in the sensitivity analysis. Model tests of both the conventional and optimized blower stages were carried out to compare the stage efficiency and operating range. The optimized blower stage improved in stage efficiency by 3% and in operating range by 5% compared with the conventional blower stage.
Signal processing for a visual hearing aid (2001)

Two strategies were devised to try and detect plosives and fricatives based on the high frequency energy content. The first strategy is High Frequency Energy (HFE) and the second is the High Frequency Energy Ratio (HFER). Each detection strategy was carried out using the sentence Jeff toy go cart never worked as spoken by four male and two female speakers. Through this example, the validity of each method was determined.
Multiplex genome editing to generate universal CAR T cells resistant to PD1 inhibition sup from Multiplex Genome Editing to Generate Universal CAR T Cells Resistant to PD1 Inhibition (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Treating cancers using allogeneic universal CAR T cells resistant to PD1 inhibition generated by multiplex genome editing via CRISPR/Cas9 Supplementary Figure 1. Strategy of introducing CRISPR/Cas9 into T cells. Supplementary Figure 2. Multiple deliveries of gRNAs disrupts genes in human primary T cells with high efficiency without impairing effector function. Supplementary Figure 3. Proliferation test of CD3neg T cells. Supplementary Figure 4. Reduced alloreactivity of TCR and B2M double-disrupted T cells. Supplementary Figure 5. GVHD effect of gene-modified CAR T cells Supplementary Figure 5. Generation of universal CART cells deficient of PD1. Supplementary table 1&lt;/p&gt;
Towards on-chip mid infrared photonic aerosol spectroscopy (2018)

We propose an on-chip mid-infrared (MIR) photonic spectroscopy platform for aerosol characterization to obtain highly discriminatory information on the chemistry of aerosol particles. Sensing of aerosols is crucial for various environmental, climatic, warfare threat detection, and pulmonary healthcare applications. Currently, chemical characterization of aerosols is performed using FTIR spectroscopy, yielding chemical fingerprinting because most of the vibrational and rotational transitions of chemical molecules fall in the IR range, and Raman spectroscopy. Both techniques use free space bench-top geometries. Here, we propose miniaturized on-chip MIR photonics-based aerosol spectroscopy consisting of a broadband spiral-waveguide sensor that significantly enhances the particle-light interaction to improve sensitivity. The spiral waveguides are made of a chalcogenide glass material (Ge23Sb7S70) which shows a broad transparency over the IR range (1–10 μm). We demonstrate the sensing of N-methyl aniline-based aerosol particles with the device. We anticipate that the sensor will readily complement existing photonic resonator-based particle sizing and counting techniques to develop a unified framework for on-chip integrated photonic aerosol spectroscopy.
Hydrophones for surface mapping of high-intensity transducers. (2011)

In order to fully characterize transducers used in high-intensity focused ultrasound, it is useful to measure the source field at the transducer’s radiating surface while the transducer is radiating into water. A new, ruggedized hydrophone has been recently developed to enable direct-contact scanning at the radiating surface without damage to the source transducer. The hydrophone enables the acquisition of high-resolution images of the source fields for single-element and array transducers. This allows beam features such as unexpected side lobes or other anomalies to be traced back to local conditions at the radiating surface. The compact size of the hydrophone also allows source field measurements to be made in the presence of reflective structures located within the field of the transducer. This hydrophone is useful in the testing of transducer quality. In array transducers, it is also useful in verifying the geometric locations, radiating areas, and channel numbering of array elements, and in the measurement of channel-to-channel crosstalk.
An Evaluation for the Depth of Field in SEM Image Depending on Accelerating Voltage (1994)

The dependence of the depth of field In a scanning electron microscope (SEM) image on the accelerating voltage is presented. The depth of field depends on the accelerating voltage of the primary beam and on the signal-to-noise ratio of the image if it is evaluated by calculating the image resolution along the optical axis defined in terms of the information passing capacity (IPC) of an optical system. The IPC corresponds to the mean information content included in an optical image, i.e., the quality of the image, evaluated based on the theory of Linfoot. The calculated result has agreed well with the experimental result.
Role of host-specific amino acids in the pathogenicity of avian H5N1 influenza viruses in mice (2009)

Recent large-scale sequence analyses revealed 'signature' amino acids at specific positions in viral proteins that distinguish human influenza viruses from avian viruses. To determine the role of these host lineage-specific amino acids in the pathogenicity of H5N1 avian influenza viruses, we generated mutant viruses possessing signature amino acids in the PB2, PA and NP proteins of human influenza isolates ('human-like amino acids') in the genetic background of an avian H5N1 virus, and tested their pathogenicity in mice. We found that some of these mutants exhibited enhanced pathogenicity in mice, suggesting the involvement of these host lineage-specific amino acids in the pathogenicity of H5N1 avian influenza viruses in mammals.
Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Unfunctionalized Tetrasubstituted Acyclic Olefins (2019)

Abstract Asymmetric hydrogenation has evolved as one of the most powerful tools to construct stereocenters. However, the asymmetric hydrogenation of unfunctionalized tetrasubstituted acyclic olefins remains the pinnacle of asymmetric synthesis and an unsolved challenge. We report herein the discovery of an iridium catalyst for the first, generally applicable, highly enantio‐ and diastereoselective hydrogenation of such olefins and the mechanistic insights of the reaction. The power of this chemistry is demonstrated by the successful hydrogenation of a wide variety of electronically and sterically diverse olefins in excellent yield and high enantio‐ and diastereoselectivity.
Sensation of Abdominal Pain Induced by Peritoneal Carcinomatosis Is Accompanied by Changes in the Expression of Substance P and μ-Opioid Receptors in the Spinal Cord of Mice (2012)

Both the up-regulation of substance P and down-regulation of μ-opioid receptor seen in the dorsal root ganglia may be, at least in part, responsible for the abdominal pain-like state associated with peritoneal carcinomatosis.
Shock-induced deformation in wetted particle beds (2014)

The high-strain-rate response of granular media has received considerable attention due to increasing interest in granular penetration. In the present study, we investigate the response of wetted packed particle beds under varying flyer plate-induced shock loadings. We investigate the critical conditions for the onset of particle deformation in systems of spherical macroscopic glass beads. Resulting particle deformations from the shock compression are characterized using microscopy as well as particle size analysis, and the effects of shock strength are compared. A fracturing response with a bimodal particle distribution is observed, with an increasing shift to the lower particle size range as shock loading is initially increased. As the transmitted shock pressure exceeds 1 GPa, a significant decrease in the mean particle size is observed.