gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
XForms 1.1 candidate recommendation (2007)

XForms is an XML application that represents the next generation of forms for the Web. XForms is not a free-standing document type, but is intended to be integrated into other markup languages, such as XHTML, ODF or SVG. An XForms-based web form gathers and processes XML data using an architecture that separates presentation, purpose and content. The underlying data of a form is organized into instances of data schema (though formal schema definitions are not required). An XForm allows processing of data to occur using three mechanisms:&#13;\n&#13;\n* a declarative model composed of formulae for data calculations and constraints, data type and other property declarations, and data submission parameters&#13;\n&#13;\n* a view layer composed of intent-based user interface controls&#13;\n&#13;\n* an imperative controller for orchestrating data manipulations, interactions between the model and view layers, and data submissions.&#13;\n&#13;\nThus, XForms accommodates form component reuse, fosters strong data type validation, eliminates unnecessary round-trips to the server, offers device independence and reduces the need for scripting. &#13;\n&#13;\nXForms 1.1 refines the XML processing platform introduced by [XForms 1.0] by adding several new submission capabilities, action handlers, utility functions, user interface improvements, and helpful datatypes as well as a more powerful action processing facility, including conditional, iterated and background execution, the ability to manipulate data arbitrarily and to access event context information.
A general synthetic route to 2,2':5',2''-terpyrrole, 2,5-di(2-pyrryl)thiophene, and alkyl-substituted analogs (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA general synthetic route to 2,2':5',2''-terpyrrole, 2,5-di(2-pyrryl)thiophene, and alkyl-substituted analogsBryon A. Merrill and Eugene LeGoffCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 9, 2904–2908Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00296a062https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00296a062research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views831Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Design, Synthesis and Photophysics of Ruthenium and Osmium Complexes (20 Years of Collaboration) (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
ADC-DSP-Based 10-to-112-Gb/s Multi-Standard Receiver in 7-nm FinFET (2021)

This article describes a 4 × 112 Gb/s digital receiver targeting long-reach (LR) channels. An SNR optimized approach is presented, which relaxes the ADC resolution requirement and the number of FFE taps without sacrificing BER. The discrete-time front end overcomes gain-BW limitations to provide 10+ dB gain at 28 GHz. A 56-GS/s ADC then converts the signal to 6-b digital consuming only 195 mW. The following DFE-FFE-based digital equalizer is capable of compensating 36-dB loss achieving a BER of 2e-5. Furthermore, TDC and ISI filter-based low-latency timing recovery meet jitter tolerance specs over a wide range of data rates from 10 to 112 Gb/s, including 28-Gb/s NRZ. The overall receiver consumes 338 mW with 3.18-pJ/bit energy efficiency.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel and Practical Access to 13‐Epi‐17‐keto Steroids. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Holographic grating formation in photorefractive crystals with arbitrary electron transport lengths (1979)

The time development of optically induced refractive-index hologram gratings in photrefractive electro-optic crystals such as lithium niobate and bismuth silicon oxide is analyzed allowing arbitrary electron-transport lengths and nonsinusoidal grating shapes. In this analysis, diffusion and drift in applied and space-charge fields as well as the bulk photovoltaic effect (when applicable) are included. Results for the photoinduced space-charge field are presented for a range of realistic experimental conditions. It is shown that the spatial phase of the space-charge field and therefore the beam coupling is strongly dependent on the electron-transport lengths, whereas the magnitude of the field and therefore the diffraction efficiency is not dependent. It is shown that for paraelectric materials (such as BSO) the results of short- and long-transport-length analyses must converge for long recording times (saturation).
Characterizing Search-Engine Traffic to Internet Research Agency Web Properties (2020)

The Russia-based Internet Research Agency (IRA) carried out a broad information campaign in the U.S. before and after the 2016 presidential election. The organization created an expansive set of internet properties: web domains, Facebook pages, and Twitter bots, which received traffic via purchased Facebook ads, tweets, and search engines indexing their domains. In this paper, we focus on IRA activities that received exposure through search engines, by joining data from Facebook and Twitter with logs from the Internet Explorer 11 and Edge browsers and the Bing.com search engine.
Potentiation of osteoclast bone-resorption activity by inhibition of nitric oxide synthase. (1994)

We have examined the effects of modulating nitric oxide (NO) levels on osteoclast-mediated bone resorption in vitro and the effects of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors on bone mineral density in vivo. Diaphorase-based histochemical staining for NOS activity of bone sections or highly enriched osteoclast cultures suggested that osteoclasts exhibit substantial NOS activity that may account for basal NO production. Chicken osteoclasts were cultured for 36 hr on bovine bone slices in the presence or absence of the NO-generating agent sodium nitroprusside or the NOS inhibitors N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester and aminoguanidine. Nitroprusside markedly decreased the number of bone pits and the average pit area in comparison with control cultures. On the other hand, NOS inhibition by N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester or aminoguanidine dramatically increased the number of bone pits and the average resorption area per pit. In a model of osteoporosis, aminoguanidine potentiated the loss of bone mineral density in ovariectomized rats. Aminoguanidine also caused a loss of bone mineral density in the sham-operated rats. Inhibition of NOS activity in vitro and in vivo resulted in an apparent potentiation of osteoclast activity. These findings suggest that endogenous NO production in osteoclast cultures may regulate resorption activity. The modulation of NOS and NO levels by cells within the bone microenvironment may be a sensitive mechanism for local control of osteoclast bone resorption.
Correction. Toxaphene Residues in Fish: Identification, Quantification, and Confirmation at Part per Billion Levels. (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCorrection. Toxaphene Residues in Fish: Identification, Quantification, and Confirmation at Part per Billion Levels.Michael A. Ribick, George R. Dubay, Jimmie D. Petty, David L. Stalling, and Christopher J. SchmittCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1982, 16, 11, 830Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1982Publication History Published online9 July 2002Published inissue 1 November 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es00105a600https://doi.org/10.1021/es00105a600research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views21Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Shared-memory performance profiling (1997)

This paper describes a new approach to finding performance bottlenecks in shared-memory parallel programs and its embodiment in the Paradyn Parallel Performance Tools running with the Blizzard fine-grain distributed shared memory system. This approach exploits the underlying system's cache coherence protocol to detect data sharing patterns that indicate potential performance bottlenecks and presents performance measurements in a data-centric manner. As a demonstration, Parodyn helped us improve the performance of a new shared-memory application program by a factor of four.
High average power ultrafast laser technologies for driving future advanced accelerators (2022)

Large scale laser facilities are needed to advance the energy frontier in high energy physics and accelerator physics. Laser plasma accelerators are core to advanced accelerator concepts aimed at reaching TeV electron electron colliders. In these facilities, intense laser pulses drive plasmas and are used to accelerate electrons to high energies in remarkably short distances. A laser plasma accelerator could in principle reach high energies with an accelerating length that is 1000 times shorter than in conventional RF based accelerators. Notionally, laser driven particle beam energies could scale beyond state of the art conventional accelerators. LPAs have produced multi GeV electron beams in about 20 cm with relative energy spread of about 2 percent, supported by highly developed laser technology. This validates key elements of the US DOE strategy for such accelerators to enable future colliders but extending best results to date to a TeV collider will require lasers with higher average power. While the per pulse energies envisioned for laser driven colliders are achievable with current lasers, low laser repetition rates limit potential collider luminosity. Applications will require rates of kHz to tens of kHz at Joules of energy and high efficiency, and a collider would require about 100 such stages, a leap from current Hz class LPAs. This represents a challenging 1000 fold increase in laser repetition rates beyond current state of the art. This whitepaper describes current research and outlook for candidate laser systems as well as the accompanying broadband and high damage threshold optics needed for driving future advanced accelerators.
Intratumoral mregDC and CXCL13 T helper niches enable local differentiation of CD8 T cells following PD-1 blockade (2022)

ABSTRACT Here, we leveraged a large neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade trial in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to search for correlates of response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) within T cell-rich tumors. We show that ICB response correlated with the clonal expansion of intratumoral CXCL13 + CH25H + IL-21 + PD-1 + CD4 T helper cells (CXCL13 + Th) and Granzyme K + PD-1 + effector-like CD8 T cells, whereas terminally exhausted CD39 hi TOX hi PD-1 hi CD8 T cells dominated in non-responders. Strikingly, most T cell receptor (TCR) clones that expanded post-treatment were found in pre-treatment biopsies. Notably, PD-1 + TCF-1 + progenitor-like CD8 T cells were present in tumors of responders and non-responders and shared clones mainly with effector-like cells in responders or terminally differentiated cells in non-responders, suggesting that local CD8 T cell differentiation occurs upon ICB. We found that these progenitor CD8 T cells interact with CXCL13 + Th cells within cellular triads around dendritic cells enriched in maturation and regulatory molecules, or “mregDC”. Receptor-ligand analysis revealed unique interactions within these triads that may promote the differentiation of progenitor CD8 T cells into effector-like cells upon ICB. These results suggest that discrete intratumoral niches that include mregDC and CXCL13 + Th cells control the differentiation of tumor-specific progenitor CD8 T cell clones in patients treated with ICB.
Robust Online Hamiltonian Learning (2012)

In this work we combine two distinct machine learning methodologies, sequential Monte Carlo and Bayesian experimental design, and apply them to the problem of inferring the dynamical parameters of a quantum system. The algorithm can be implemented online (during experimental data collection), avoiding the need for storage and post-processing. Most importantly, our algorithm is capable of learning Hamiltonian parameters even when the parameters change from experiment-to-experiment, and also when additional noise processes are present and unknown. The algorithm also numerically estimates the Cramer-Rao lower bound, certifying its own performance. We further illustrate the practicality of our algorithm by applying it to two test problems: (1) learning an unknown frequency and the decoherence time for a single-qubit quantum system and (2) learning couplings in a many-qubit Ising model Hamiltonian with no external magnetic field.
Automated lesion detection of breast cancer in [18F] FDG PET/CT using a novel AI-Based workflow (2022)

This pilot work has demonstrated the ability of AI-based workflow using DL-CNNs to specifically identify breast cancer tissue as determined by [<sup>18</sup>F]FDG avidity in a PET/CT study. The high sensitivity and specificity of the network supports the idea that AI can be trained to recognize specific tissue signatures, both normal and disease, in molecular imaging studies using radiopharmaceuticals. Future work will explore the applicability of these techniques to other disease types and alternative radiotracers, as well as explore the accuracy of fully automated and quantitative detection and response assessment.
An IPSec-based Host Architecture for Secure Internet Multicast. (2000)

Astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1) is a well-known oncogene implicated in various types of human cancers, including brain tumors. Recently, AEG-1 has also been reported to play pivotal roles in glioma-associated neurodegeneration and neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. However, the normal physiological functions and expression patterns of AEG-1 in the brain are not well understood. In this study, we investigated the expression patterns of AEG-1 in the normal mouse brain and found that AEG-1 is widely expressed in neurons and neuronal precursor cells, but little in glial cells. We observed differential expression levels of AEG-1 in various brain regions, and its expression was mainly localized in the cell body of neurons rather than the nucleus. Additionally, AEG-1 was expressed in the cytoplasm of Purkinje cells in both the mouse and human cerebellum, suggesting its potential role in this brain region. These findings suggest that AEG-1 may have important functions in normal brain physiology and warrant further investigation. Our results may also shed light on the differential expression patterns of AEG-1 in normal and pathological brains, providing insights into its roles in various neurological disorders.
ChemInform Abstract: Reversing the Reactivity of Carbonyl Functions with Phosphonium Salts: Enantioselective Total Synthesis of (+)‐Centrolobine. (2012)

Abstract Initial selective masking of the aldehyde function in ketoaldehydes with PPh 3 and TmsOTf permits the selective reduction of the keto function or its alkylation with Grignard reagents followed by deprotection.
Retiming and dual-supply voltage based energy optimization for DSP applications (2016)

Low energy, as one of the most important metrics in modern design, has also been considered as an important criterion to many DSP applications. To address the low energy issue of DSP applications, in this work, we have proposed a new energy minimization approach which optimally combines the dual-supply voltage (dual-Vdd) with the retiming technique. We have specifically focused on various hardware-implemented transforms and filters such as the fast Fourier transform (FFT) and the discrete cosine transform (DCT) which are widely used in DSP applications. Our key idea is to use a maximum-flow/min-cut strategy to reduce the required number of flip-flop logic and while maintaining the delay of the circuit in such a way that to enable efficient Vdd allocation in the subsequent stage. The effectiveness of our approach is demonstrated on both FFT and DCT applications using an industrial cell library. Given a target delay, a significant energy saving using our approach is observed.
SU‐C‐BRA‐06: Developing Clinical and Quantitative Guidelines for a 4DCT‐Ventilation Functional Avoidance Clinical Trial (2015)

Purpose: 4DCT‐ventilation is an exciting new imaging modality that uses 4DCTs to calculate lung ventilation. Because 4DCTs are acquired as part of routine care, calculating 4DCT‐ventilation allows for lung function evaluation without additional cost or inconvenience to the patient. Development of a clinical trial is underway at our institution to use 4DCT‐ventilation for thoracic functional avoidance with the idea that preferential sparing of functional lung regions can decrease pulmonary toxicity. The purpose of our work was to develop the practical aspects of a 4DCT‐ventilation functional avoidance clinical trial including: 1.assessing patient eligibility 2.developing trial inclusion criteria and 3.developing treatment planning and dose‐function evaluation strategies. Methods: 96 stage III lung cancer patients from 2 institutions were retrospectively reviewed. 4DCT‐ventilation maps were calculated using the patient's 4DCTs, deformable image registrations, and a density‐change‐based algorithm. To assess patient eligibility and develop trial inclusion criteria we used an observer‐based binary end point noting the presence or absence of a ventilation defect and developed an algorithm based on the percent ventilation in each lung third. Functional avoidance planning integrating 4DCT‐ventilation was performed using rapid‐arc and compared to the patient's clinically used plan. Results: Investigator‐determined clinical ventilation defects were present in 69% of patients. Our regional/lung‐thirds ventilation algorithm identified that 59% of patients have lung functional profiles suitable for functional avoidance. Compared to the clinical plan, functional avoidance planning was able to reduce the mean dose to functional lung by 2 Gy while delivering comparable target coverage and cord/heart doses. Conclusions: 4DCT‐ventilation functional avoidance clinical trials have great potential to reduce toxicity, and our data suggest that 59% of lung cancer patients have lung function profiles suitable for functional avoidance. Our study used a retrospective evaluation of a large lung cancer patient database to develop the practical aspects of a 4DCT‐ventilation functional avoidance clinical trial. (R.C., E.C., T.G.), NIH Research Scientist Development Award K01‐CA181292 (R.C.), and State of Colorado Advanced Industries Accelerator Grant (Y.V.).
Soluble immune checkpoints HVEM and TIM‐3 are prognostic biomarkers for outcome in classical Hodgkin lymphoma (2023)

Introduction: Immune checkpoints expressed in the tumor microenvironment (TME) play a key role in the immune evasion of cancer in general and in classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) in particular. While few studies reported elevated PD-L1 serum levels in cHL compared to healthy individuals, the distribution and prognostic significance of soluble immune checkpoints (sCP) in the serum of cHL patients remains unclear. We therefore analyze the prognostic value of 14 different baseline sCP levels in prospectively treated patients with primary cHL. Methods: We measured serum levels of soluble BTLA, CD27, CD80, CTLA-4, GITR, GITR-L, HVEM, MICA, MICB, PD-L1, TIM-3, ULBP-1, ULBP-3, ULBP-4 with multiplex cytokine arrays in patients treated in the German Hodgkin Study Group (GHSG) trials HD7, HD8 and HD9. We designed a PFS-event-enriched study cohort from these patients. sCP levels were analyzed descriptively. In absence of validated thresholds, associations of sCP serum levels with PFS and OS were first tested using weighted cox-regression stratified for stage, age and sex, modeling sCP levels as continuous variables before performing secondary analyses separating levels into three groups: low, medium and high. All analyses of PFS and OS were weighted with respect to the proportion of progressions and relapses in the total study population to correct for event-enrichment. Results: Of 308 patients with measured sCP levels, 176 (57.1%) had advanced stage disease and median follow-up was 144 months. Weak correlations were noted among sCPs (median r = 0.12, IQR 0.24). Only TIM-3 and HVEM were significantly associated with PFS and OS by cox-regression modeling sCP levels as continuous variables. Interestingly, no associations of soluble PD-L1 with outcome was observed (PFS: p = 0.22, OS: p = 0.54). PFS and OS differed significantly when the cohort was split by TIM-3 sCP levels (p = 0.014 and 0.003, respectively for PFS and OS) but not when split by HVEM sCP levels (p = 0.051 and 0.2). In detail, Patients with TIM-3 serum levels in the upper third of levels had a higher risk of progression (HR 2.3, CI95: 1.3–4.0) or death (HR: 2.5 CI95: 1.2–5.4) compared to those in the lower third. High HVEM was associated with significantly shorter PFS (HR 1.8, CI95: 1.1–3.2) but not shorter OS (HR 1.6, CI95: 0.6–3.2). Exploratory separation by median rendered similar results. Keywords: Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers, Hodgkin lymphoma No conflicts of interests pertinent to the abstract.