gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bio-Functional Coating on Ti6Al4V Surface Produced by Using Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (2020)

One way to improve the biofunctionality of titanium alloys is by implementing plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) to incorporate bioactive elements such as fluoridated hydroxyapatite, into surface coatings of orthopaedic and dental implants. Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is known as a bioactive coating while fluorapatite (FAp) has an antibacterial effect that would enhance the bio-functionality and reduce the failure rate of orthopaedic and dental implants. The purpose of this study was to develop fluoridated hydroxyapatite as a bio-functional coating on Ti6Al4V with electrolyte containing trisodium orthophosphate, potassium hydroxide, and calcium fluoride. The coating surface and cross-section morphologies were evaluated, and the species in the electrolyte solution were found, and irregular micropores shapes were observed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The phase composition of the coating surface containing TiO2 (anatase and rutile), tricalcium orthophosphate, HAp, and FAp was characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The adhesive strength of the coating was analysed by a micro-scratch test. Simulated body fluid (SBF) immersion test was performed to investigate the bioactivity of the coating. In this study, we demonstrated that the PEO technique has a good potential to develop bio-functional surface modifications that can affect the chemical composition and roughness of the coating surface. The FAp coating may provide insights for subsequent bioactive coatings while improving the antibacterial properties for orthopaedic and dental implants. Future work shall investigate the optimal amount of fluoride in the coating layer that obtains excellent results without causing adverse effects on adjacent tissue.
Enhanced Formation of Extracellular Laccase Activity by the White-Rot Fungus Trametes multicolor (2002)

The white-rot fungus Trametes multicolor MB 49 has been identified as an excellent producer of the industrially important enzyme laccase. The forma- tion of extracellular laccase could be considerably stimulated by the addition of Cu(II) to a simple, glycerol-based culture medium. In this study, optimal concentrations of copper were found to be 0.5–1 mM, which were added during the growth phase of the fungus. Other medium components impor- tant for laccase production are the carbon and nitrogen sources employed. When using an optimized medium containing glycerol (40 g/L), peptone from meat (15 g/L), and MgSO4 7H2O and stimulating enzyme formation by the addition of 1.0 mM Cu, maximal laccase activities obtained in shake-flask cultures were approx 85 U/mL. These results, however, could not be scaled up to a laboratory f ermentor cultivation. Laccase production by T. multicolor decreased considerably when the fungus was grown in a stirred-tank reactor, presumably because of damage of the mycelia caused by shear stress and/or changes in the morphology of the fungus.
A robust method for recognition of monetary amount printed by checkwriter (2004)

Abstract We propose a new method to recognize monetary amounts printed by checkwriters. We applied a character segmentation method robust to noise and a bottom‐up parsing for postprocessing. In the proposed method, the input image is segmented both horizontally and vertically in the presegmentation step. A context‐free grammar describes the linguistic constraints in the monetary amounts. We devised a new bottom‐up parsing technique that interprets the results of character classification. We tested the validity of the new method using 1314 images. The correct ratio was 72.7%, which is 8.4 points higher than that of the conventional method. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 35(7): 49–60, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/scj.10616
Supplementary Methods from miRNA Biomarkers in Cyst Fluid Augment the Diagnosis and Management of Pancreatic Cysts (2023)

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Fast adaptive digital equalization by recurrent neural networks (1997)

Neural networks (NNs) have been extensively applied to many signal processing problems. In particular, due to their capacity to form complex decision regions, NNs have been successfully used in adaptive equalization of digital communication channels. The mean square error (MSE) criterion, which is usually adopted in neural learning, is not directly related to the minimization of the classification error, i.e., bit error rate (BER), which is of interest in channel equalization. Moreover, common gradient-based learning techniques are often characterized by slow speed of convergence and numerical ill conditioning. In this paper, we introduce a novel approach to learning in recurrent neural networks (RNNs) that exploits the principle of discriminative learning, minimizing an error functional that is a direct measure of the classification error. The proposed method extends to RNNs a technique applied with success to fast learning of feedforward NNs and is based on the descent of the error functional in the space of the linear combinations of the neurons (the neuron space); its main features are higher speed of convergence and better numerical conditioning w.r.t. gradient-based approaches, whereas numerical stability is assured by the use of robust least squares solvers. Experiments regarding the equalization of PAM signals in different transmission channels are described, which demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Record Ultra-low Phase Noise 12 GHz Signal Generation with a Fiber Optical Frequency Comb and Measurement (2016)

International audience
Mobile WiMAX - Deployment Scenarios Performance Analysis (2006)

In this paper, dynamic system level simulation methodology of mobile WiMAX (IEEE Std 802.16e) is described. The system level simulations scenarios (channel models, pathloss and shadow fading, sectorization, frequency reuse planning, system loading, etc) will be introduced. Evaluated performance of mobile WiMAX system such as signal-to-interference + noise ratio distributions, spectral efficiency and system outage in various scenarios of multi-cellular deployment will be presented and discussed.
Synthesis of 4-Substituted 1-(Benzyloxy)pyrazoles via Iodine−Magnesium Exchange of 1-(Benzyloxy)-4-iodopyrazole (1999)

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Thermally Sensitive Block Copolymer Particles Prepared via Aerosol Flow Reactor Method: Morphological Characterization and Behavior in Water (2012)

This work describes properties of thermo-sensitive submicron sized particles having the same chemical composition but different morphologies. These particles have been prepared with an aerosol technique using dimethylformamide solutions of linear polystyrene-block-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-block-polystyrene, PS-b-PNIPAM-b-PS. The particles were characterized by cryo-electron microscopy, microcalorimetry, and light scattering. Block-copolymers self-assembled within the particles forming onion-like, gyroid-like, and spherical morphologies having poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) matrix and physically cross-linking polystyrene domains. The particles were dispersed in aqueous media and their behavior in water was studied both below and above the lower critical solution temperature of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide). We found out that the particles with spherical and gyroid-like morphologies swell considerably in water at 20 °C, whereas at 40 °C the particles resemble more of those studied without water treatment. Light scattering experiments showed that the particles gradually aggregate and precipitate with time at 40 °C. Microcalorimetric studies revealed for all three studied morphologies that PNIPAM undergoes a two-step transition due to the different hydration levels of PNIPAM inside and outside the particles. Thicknesses of the PS and PNIPAM layers within the onion-like particles were analyzed using the TEM micrographs by fitting a model of electron density to the integrated electron intensity data. The surface layer of the particles was found out to be PNIPAM, which was supported by light scattering and microcalorimetry. It was also found out from the TEM micrograph analysis that the width of the outmost PS layer is considerably thinner than the one in the dry state prior to immersion in water, and a degradation scheme is proposed to explain these results.
Kmt2b conveys monovalent and bivalent H3K4me3 in mouse spermatogonial stem cells at germline and embryonic promoters (2018)

The mammalian male germline is sustained by a pool of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) that can transmit both genetic and epigenetic information to offspring. However, the mechanisms underlying epigenetic transmission remain unclear. The histone methyltransferase Kmt2b is highly expressed in SSCs and is required for the SSC-to-progenitor transition. At the stem-cell stage, Kmt2b catalyzes H3K4me3 at bivalent H3K27me3-marked promoters as well as at promoters of a new class of genes lacking H3K27me3, which we call monovalent. Monovalent genes are mainly activated in late spermatogenesis, whereas most bivalent genes are mainly not expressed until embryonic development. These data suggest that SSCs are epigenetically primed by Kmt2b in two distinguishable ways for the upregulation of gene expression both during the spermatogenic program and through the male germline into the embryo. Because Kmt2b is also the major H3K4 methyltransferase for bivalent promoters in embryonic stem cells, we also propose that Kmt2b has the capacity to prime stem cells epigenetically.
Nondestructive characterization of nanoscale subsurface features fabricated by selective etching of multilayered nanowire test structures using Mueller matrix spectroscopic ellipsometry based scatterometry (2020)

Nondestructive measurement of three-dimensional subsurface features remains one of the most difficult and unmet challenges faced during the fabrication of three-dimensional transistor architectures, especially nanosheet and nanowire based field effect transistors. The most critical fabrication step is the selective etching of silicon-germanium subsurface layers. The resulting shape and dimensions of the remaining Si(1 − x)Gex structure strongly impacts further processing steps and ultimately the electrical performance of gate-all-around transistors, thus creating the need for accurate inline metrology. In order to demonstrate the ability to characterize this etch, nanowire test structures made from Si(1 − x)Gex/Si/Si(1 − x)Gex/Si/Si(1 − x)Gex/Si multilayers have been characterized using Mueller matrix spectroscopic ellipsometry based scatterometry. Transmission electron microscopy images were used to corroborate the authors’ scatterometry measurements. Here, they successfully demonstrate the ability to measure the Si(1 − x)Gex etch, providing an industrially viable technique for inline three-dimensional metrology.
Microanalysis of Porous Materials (2004)

A signal loss is generally reported in electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) of porous, highly divided materials like heterogeneous catalysts. The hypothesis generally proposed to explain this signal loss refers to porosity, roughness, energy losses at interfaces, or charging effects. In this work we investigate by Monte Carlo simulation all these physical effects and compare the simulated results with measurements obtained on a mesoporous alumina. A program using the PENELOPE package and taking into account these four physical phenomena has been written. Simulation results show clearly that neither porosity nor roughness, nor specific energy losses at interfaces, nor charging effects are responsible for the observed signal loss. Measurements performed with analysis of carbon and oxygen lead to a correct total of concentration. The signal loss is thus explained by a composition effect due to a carbon contamination brought by the sample preparation and to a lesser extent by a stoichiometry of the porous alumina different from a massive alumina. For this kind of high specific surface porous sample, a little surface contamination layer becomes an important volume contamination that can produce large quantification errors if the contaminant is not analyzed.
Efficient Tumor Antigen Loading of Dendritic Antigen Presenting Cells by Transimmunization (2002)

Extracorporeal photochemotherapy (ECP), or photopheresis, was originally introduced for the management of patients with cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL). Today, ECP remains the only FDA approved tumor-targeting selective immunotherapy for the treatment of any cancer. The key cellular events permitting ECP-induced anti-tumor immunity against CTCL are the induction of apoptotis in the malignant T cells, and the induction of monocyte-to-dendritic cell (DC) differentiation. In standard ECP, leukocytes extracorporeally exposed to psoralen and ultraviolet A light (UVA) are circulated back to the patient. However, recent findings suggest that co-incubation of these cells prior to re-infusion allows for more efficient phagocytosis and processing of the apoptotic malignant T cells by the newly formed DCs. Moreover, such a co-incubation step permits the direct external manipulation of this system and the design of strategies to augment the production of tumor-loaded DCs. These considerations have led to the development of Transimmunization, so named because it causes transfer of tumor antigens to newly formed dendritic cells capable of initiating immunization against the tumor cells, as the replacement technology for ECP. We will review the scientific understanding of ECP and explain how this can lead a more efficient, potentially broadly applicable, immunotherapy for cancer.
Modulation of endocytic trafficking and apical stability of CFTR in primary human airway epithelial cultures (2009)

CFTR is a highly regulated apical chloride channel of epithelial cells that is mutated in cystic fibrosis (CF). In this study, we characterized the apical stability and intracellular trafficking of wild-type and mutant CFTR in its native environment, i.e., highly differentiated primary human airway epithelial (HAE) cultures. We labeled the apical pool of CFTR and subsequently visualized the protein in intracellular compartments. CFTR moved from the apical surface to endosomes and then efficiently recycled back to the surface. CFTR endocytosis occurred more slowly in polarized than in nonpolarized HAE cells or in a polarized epithelial cell line. The most common mutation in CF, DeltaF508 CFTR, was rescued from endoplasmic reticulum retention by low-temperature incubation but transited from the apical membrane to endocytic compartments more rapidly and recycled less efficiently than wild-type CFTR. Incubation with small-molecule correctors resulted in DeltaF508 CFTR at the apical membrane but did not restore apical stability. To stabilize the mutant protein at the apical membrane, we found that the dynamin inhibitor Dynasore and the cholesterol-extracting agent cyclodextrin dramatically reduced internalization of DeltaF508, whereas the proteasomal inhibitor MG-132 completely blocked endocytosis of DeltaF508. On examination of intrinsic properties of CFTR that may affect its apical stability, we found that N-linked oligosaccharides were not necessary for transport to the apical membrane but were required for efficient apical recycling and, therefore, influenced the turnover of surface CFTR. Thus apical stability of CFTR in its native environment is affected by properties of the protein and modulation of endocytic trafficking.
Noninteractive Zero-Knowledge (1991)

This paper investigates the possibility of disposing of interaction between prover and verifier in a zero-knowledge proof if they share beforehand a short random string. Without any assumption, it is proven that noninteractive zero-knowledge proofs exist for some number-theoretic languages for which no efficient algorithm is known. If deciding quadratic residuosity (modulo composite integers whose factorization is not known) is computationally hard, it is shown that the NP-complete language of satisfiability also possesses noninteractive zero-knowledge proofs.
Melting proteins confined in nanodroplets with 10.6 μm light provides clues about early steps of denaturation (2018)

Ubiquitin confined within nanodroplets was irradiated with a variable-power CO2 laser. Mass spectrometry analysis shows evidence for a protein "melting"-like transition within droplets prior to solvent evaporation and ion formation. Ion mobility spectrometry reveals that structures associated with early steps of denaturation are trapped because of short droplet lifetimes.
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF MULTI TERMINAL CONFERENCE SERVICE & CHANNEL ALLOCATION ALGORITHM FOR MULTI BEAM MOBILE SATELLITE SERVICE (MSS) USING S-BAND (2016)

Satellite mobile communication is one of the most important directions in satellite communication. ISRO has developed the MSS services using S-band. The designed services are reporting service, voice service, multimedia service and broadcast service. All these services use SxC band for communication between two remote terminals. But these services do not provide reliable communication. So, we propose the new service which provides reliable communication and support a multi terminal video conferencing over the s band.
Engineering Styrenic Blends with Poly(lactic acid) (2019)

Polymer pollution from nonbiodegradable polymer blends is a source of increasing environmental concern. The obvious solution, the replacement of petroleum-based polymers with biodegradable polymers from renewable sources, is difficult, since these polymers are highly immiscible. Here, we show how the addition of only a few percent of a tertiary phase can enable compatibilization and enhancement of the mechanical properties. The tertiary phase can be selected for any binary polymer system using the spreading coefficient (λij) and the work of adhesion (Wa) as guides. We demonstrate this method using poly(lactic acid) as the continuous matrix phase, styrenic polymers, polystyrene (PS) or high-impact polystyrene (HIPS), as the discontinuous minority phase, and styrene acrylic copolymers [styrene methyl methacrylate (SMMA)] as the tertiary phase. We show that a distinct maximum in the impact toughness, nearly 58 and 56% for PS and HIPS blends, respectively, occurs when only 1.2 and 1.5% SMMA copolymers are added.
[ 32 P]2-iodo- N 6 -methyl-( N )-methanocarba-2′-deoxyadenosine-3′,5′-bisphosphate ([ 32 P]MRS2500), a novel radioligand for quantification of native P2Y 1 receptors (2020)

Analysis of the P2Y family of nucleotide-activated G-protein-coupled receptors has been compromised by the lack of selective high-affinity, high-specific-radioactivity radioligands. We have pursued quantification of the P2Y receptor through the development of a series of selective P2Y receptor antagonists.Recently, we synthesized 2-iodo--methyl-()-methanocarba-2′-deoxyadenosine 3′,5′-bisphosphate (MRS2500), a selective, competitive antagonist that exhibits a of 0.8 n in competition-binding assays with [H]MRS2279. A 3′-monophosphate precursor molecule, MRS2608, was radiolabeled at the 5′ position with P using polynucleotide kinase and [P]ATP to yield [P]MRS2500.[P]MRS2500 bound selectively to Sf9 insect cell membranes expressing the human P2Y receptor (Sf9-P2Y), but did not detectably bind membranes expressing other P2Y receptors. P2Y receptor binding to [P]MRS2500 was saturable with a of 1.2 n. Agonists and antagonists of the P2Y receptor inhibited [P]MRS2500 binding in Sf9-P2Y membranes with values in agreement with those observed in functional assays of the P2Y receptor.A high-affinity binding site for [P]MRS2500 (=0.33 n) was identified in rat brain, which exhibited the pharmacological selectivity of the P2Y receptor. Distribution of this binding site varied among rat tissues, with the highest amount of binding appearing in lung, liver, and brain. Among brain regions, distribution of the [P]MRS2500 binding site varied by six-fold, with the highest and lowest amounts of sites detected in cerebellum and cortex, respectively.Taken together, these data illustrate the synthesis and characterization of a novel P2Y receptor radioligand and its utility for examining P2Y receptor expression in native mammalian tissues. (2006) , 459–467. doi:
Mutations in the nuclear localization sequence of the Aristaless related homeobox; sequestration of mutant ARX with IPO13 disrupts normal subcellular distribution of the transcription factor and retards cell division (2010)

We show that the most likely, common pathogenic mechanism of the missense mutations in NLS regions of the ARX homeodomain is inadequate accumulation and distribution of the ARX transcription factor within the nucleus due to sequestration of ARX with IPO13.
Frequency and distribution of blood groups in tribal blood donors of Tripura (2016)

Background: There has been a common belief among the people of Tripura that the frequency and distribution of blood groups in tribal people of Tripura are not similar to that of other parts of India. Aims: To find out frequency and distribution of blood groups in tribal people of Tripura. Setting and Design: A data-based study carried out in a tertiary care teaching institute, Agartala. Methodology: After obtaining ethical clearance from the Institutional Ethics Committee, this study was conducted among the blood donors from tribal communities of different areas of Tripura, who donated blood from October 2012 to August 2013. ABO blood grouping was performed by forward (cell grouping) and reverse blood grouping (serum grouping) using test tube agglutination method using antisera A and antisera B. Rh blood grouping was performed by forward blood grouping (cell grouping) method using antisera D. Weak D (Du) testing were done in case of Rh negative cases. Statistical Analysis Used: Percentage and proportion. Results: Out of 508 blood donors, 421 (82.9%) were male and 87 (17.1%) were female. Majority of blood donors came from 21-40 years of age group. B (33.7%) group is in maximum numbers followed by O (30.3%) and A (24.2%) groups; whereas minimum are from AB group (11.8%). Blood donations by females are low as it is in other areas of India. Conclusion: B is the most frequent and O is the second most common blood group of ABO blood group system among the tribal blood donors of Tripura. Rh-positive donors were 94.5% and Rh negative were 5.5%.