gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Emergence of integrated institutions in a large population of self-governing communities (2019)

Most aspects of our lives are governed by large, highly developed institutions that integrate several governance tasks under one authority structure. But theorists differ as to the mechanisms that drive the development of such concentrated governance systems from rudimentary beginnings. Is the emergence of integrated governance schemes a symptom of consolidation of authority by small status groups? Or does integration occur because a complex institution has more potential responses to a complex environment? Here we examine the emergence of complex governance regimes in 5,000 sovereign, resource-constrained, self-governing online communities, ranging in scale from one to thousands of users. Each community begins with no community members and no governance infrastructure. As communities grow, they are subject to selection pressures that keep better managed servers better populated. We identify predictors of community success and test the hypothesis that governance complexity can enhance community fitness. We find that what predicts success depends on size: changes in complexity predict increased success with larger population servers. Specifically, governance rules in a large successful community are more numerous and broader in scope. They also tend to rely more on rules that concentrate power in administrators, and on rules that manage bad behavior and limited server resources. Overall, this work is consistent with theories that formal integrated governance systems emerge to organize collective responses to interdependent resource management problems, especially as factors such as population size exacerbate those problems.
Capacitive‐coupled resonator‐based bandpass filter with controllable multiple transmission zeros at stopband (2013)

Abstract This letter proposes novel design for a compact LTCC bandpass filter with high rejection over a wide stopband operating in the 3.4–3.6‐GHz worldwide interoperability for microwave access band. The presented bandpass filter has feedback paths for the grounding inductor and the coupled capacitor to provide controllable multiple transmission zeros at 2.4/5‐GHz wireless local area network band, which enhances the desired stopband rejection. The presented design derives simple formulas for synthesizing a bandpass filter to meet the specification requirement in the passband insertion loss and passband return loss as well as the stopband attenuation. The bandpass filter is designed and implemented using LTCC process and has an area of 2.0 × 1.25 mm 2 . Experiments results are very agreement with the full‐wave simulation results. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:1563–1565, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27643
Treatment with an Anti-C3b/iC3b Monoclonal Antibody as an Adjuvant to Rituximab Enhances the Killing of Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma and Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Cells. (2004)

Abstract Complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) is a key mechanism of Rituximab® (RTX) action in killing Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (NHL) cells both in vitro and in vivo. Here we present studies of a mouse/human chimeric monoclonal antibody (Mab), ETI-210, specific for human complement C3 cleavage products C3b and iC3b, in enhancing RTX- mediated killing in vitro and ex vivo. Raji (NHL), primary NHL, and CLL cells were treated with RTX and ETI-210 in the presence of normal human serum (NHS) as a source of complement. Cell death was determined by propidium iodide staining or reduction of Alamar Blue®. After 1 hour of treatment, the killing of Raji cells by RTX plus ETI-210 plus NHS was observed to be 30–70% greater than that of RTX alone plus NHS by either detection method. The enhancing effect of ETI-210 was also seen in longer-term treatment (1 – 2 days). The killing by RTX plus ETI-210 was much lower in the absence of NHS than in the presence of NHS. ETI-210 was also tested ex vivo against primary cells from 12 NHL and 9 CLL patients. In 5 NHL samples, ETI-210 significantly enhanced RTX-mediated killing; in the remaining samples RTX alone already caused killing above 90%. The Mab also increased RTX-mediated killing in 4 out of 9 CLL samples. A pilot study examining the safety of administrating ETI-210 (5 and 30 mg/kg) with or without RTX was performed in cynomolgus monkeys. There were no cardiovascular changes. Clinical chemistry (potassium, glucose, sodium), liver function (alkaline phosphatase, ALT, albumin, total protein), kidney function (BUN, creatine, serum electrolytes) and hematological parameters (CBC profile, hemoglobin, MCV, MCH, MCHC) were not changed significantly. There was a transient reduction in CH50 values in the 30mg/kg ETI-210 group, which was independent of RTX administration. Serum concentrations of C3 and C4 were not affected. Because, ETI-210, a chimeric anti-C3b/iC3b Mab, was able to substantially enhance RTX-mediated killing of lymphoma cells via complement-mediated lysis and did not cause toxicity in monkeys, ETI-210 is being developed as a therapeutic agent for NHL and CLL treatment.
Interaction of Cx43 with Hsc70 regulates G1/S transition through CDK inhibitor p27 (2015)

Connexin 43 (Cx43) functions as a cell growth suppressor. We have demonstrated that Cx43 interacts with heat shock cognate protein 70 (Hsc70) for regulating cell proliferation. Hsc70 interacts with CDK inhibitor p27, which regulates the assembly and subcellular localization of cyclin D1-CDK4-p27 complex. However, the involvement of p27 with Cx43-mediated cell cycle suppression is still poorly understood. Here, we report that nuclear accumulation of p27 is reduced by overexpression of Cx43, and that this reduction is restored by co-overexpression with Hsc70. We found that Cx43 competes with p27 for binding to Hsc70, and as a result, decreases the level of Hsc70 in cyclin D1-CDK4-p27 complex, leading to prevention of the nuclear translocation of the complex and the G1/S transition. Collectively, our findings suggest that, in Cx43 up-regulation, which is most likely an emergency measure, Cx43-Hsc70 interaction regulates cell cycle G1/S progression through a novel mechanism by which Cx43-Hsc70 interaction prevents the nuclear accumulation of p27 through controlling the nuclear translocation of cyclin D1-CDK4-p27 complex.
Data from Tumor-Promoting Effects of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Are Potentiated by Hypoxia-Induced Expression of miR-210 (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) contribute significantly to the malignant characters conferred by hypoxic tumor microenvironments. However, selective biomarkers of MDSC function in this critical setting have not been defined. Here, we report that miR-210 expression is elevated by hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1α) in MDSC localized to tumors, compared with splenic MDSC from tumor-bearing mice. In tumor MDSC, we determined that HIF1α was bound directly to a transcriptionally active hypoxia-response element in the miR-210 proximal promoter. miR-210 overexpression was sufficient to enhance MDSC-mediated T-cell suppression under normoxic conditions, while targeting hypoxia-induced miR-210 was sufficient to decrease MDSC function against T cells. Mechanistic investigations revealed that miR-210 modulated MDSC function by increasing arginase activity and nitric oxide production, without affecting reactive oxygen species, IL6, or IL10 production or expression of PD-L1. In splenic MDSC, miR-210 regulated Arg1, Cxcl12, and IL16 at the levels of both mRNA and protein, the reversal of which under normoxic conditions decreased T-cell–suppressive effects and IFNγ production. Interestingly, miR-210 overexpression or targeting IL16 or CXCL12 enhanced the immunosuppressive activity of MDSC &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;, resulting in increased tumor growth. Taken together, these results provide a preclinical rationale to explore miR-210 inhibitory oligonucleotides as adjuvants to boost immunotherapeutic responses in cancer patients. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 75(18); 3771–87. ©2015 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Efficient Implementation of Reverse Time Migration Seismic Imaging on FPGAs (2023)

Abstract This work presents an alternative computing platform, Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), for one of the widely used applications in the oil and gas industry; seismic imaging using reverse time migration (RTM). As with many of the oil and gas applications, RTM involves many computations performed repeatedly over extremely large number of data points. Conventionally, such computations were implemented as a sequence of temoral steps and parallelized using multi-core CPUs or GPUs at various levels of abstractions (task, thread, and instruction-levels). With FPGAs, computations can be parallelized and implemented as spatially separated steps (i.e. the computing fabric can be configured to carry out all the computations, side-bu-side rather than as temoral steps). In this work, we illustrate the spatial computing capabilities of FPGAs using RTM. Two different implementations with different types of optimizations were developed. Performance optimizations and measurements based on experimental test bed are reported.
A Carrier Frequency Estimation Method of MPSK Signals and Its Systolic VLSI Implementation (1999)

In this paper we present an autocorrelation-based method for estimating the carrier frequency offset of an MPSK signal with random data modulation. Although autocorrelation-based techniques imply heavy usage of hardware resources, this technique is scalable and lends itself well to systolic VLSI implementations. The performance of the open-loop estimator presented is close to the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) for the frequency estimation from a block of random PSK symbols at low signal-to-noise (SNR) ratios. The estimator can be used in frequency acquisition of burst and continuous modems operating under low SNR and large frequency offset conditions. <BR><BR><I>This paper has been submitted to 33rd Annual Conference on InformationSciences and Systems, March 17-19, 1999, John Hopkins University,Baltimore, Md.</I>
A Synthetic Carbohydrate Conjugate Vaccine Candidate against Shigellosis: Improved Bioconjugation and Impact of Alum on Immunogenicity (2016)

Conjugation chemistry is among the most important parameters governing the efficacy of glycoconjugate vaccines. High robustness is required to ensure high yields and batch to batch reproducibility. Herein, we have established a robust bioconjugation protocol based on the thiol-maleimide addition. Major variables were determined and acceptable margins were investigated for a synthetic pentadecasaccharide-tetanus toxoid conjugate, which is a promising vaccine candidate against Shigella flexneri serotype 2a infection. The optimized process is applicable to any thiol-equipped hapten and provides an efficient control of the hapten:carrier ratio. Moreover, comparison of four S. flexneri 2a glycoconjugates only differing by their pentadecasaccharide:tetanus toxoid ratio confirmed preliminary findings indicating that hapten loading is critical for immunogenicity with an optimal ratio here in the range of 17 ± 5. In addition, the powerful influence of alum on the immunogenicity of a Shigella synthetic carbohydrate-based conjugate vaccine candidate is demonstrated for the first time, with a strong anti-S. flexneri 2a antibody response sustained for more than one year.
Side Channel Cube Attacks on Block Ciphers. (2009)

In this paper we formalize the notion of leakage attacks on iterated block ciphers, in which the attacker can find (via physical probing, power measurement, or any other type of side channel) one bit of information about the intermediate state of the encryption after each round. Since bits computed during the early rounds can be typically represented by low degree multivariate polynomials, cube attacks seem to be an ideal generic key recovery technique in these situations. However, the original cube attack requires extremely clean data, whereas the information provided by side channel attacks can be quite noisy. To address this problem, we develop a new variant of cube attack which can tolerate considerable levels of noise (affecting more than 11 % of the leaked bits in practical scenarios). Finally, we demonstrate our approach by describing efficient leakage attacks on two of the best known block ciphers, AES (requiring about 2 35 time for full key recovery) and SERPENT (requiring about 2 18 time for full key recovery).
3D Parylene sheath neural probe for chronic recordings (2013)

The provided electrophysiological and immunohistochemical data provide strong support to the viability of the developed probe technology. Furthermore, the obtained data provide insights into further optimization of the probe design, including tip geometry, use of neurotrophic and anti-inflammatory drugs in the Matrigel coating, and placement of the recording sites.
Investigation on Combining Partially Premixed Compression Ignition and Diffusion Combustion for Gasoline Compression Ignition—Part 2: Compression Ratio and Piston Bowl Geometry Effects (2021)

&lt;div&gt;This work investigates the compression ratio (CR) and the piston bowl geometry effects in a modified version of the third generation of the gasoline direct injection compression ignition (Gen3 GDCI) engine using a research octane number (RON)92 E10 gasoline. The piston bowl geometry was redesigned for the partially premixed compression ignition-diffusion (PPCI-diffusion) combustion process.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div&gt;The investigation was focused at 1500 rpm - 5 bar BMEP. Different combustion strategies were evaluated, including early PPCI, late PPCI, and PPCI-diffusion. Overall, increasing the CR from 14.3 to 16.3 led to improved fuel efficiency, notably reduced combustion losses, and enhanced combustion stability while maintaining low engine-out oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and smoke. The thermal environment at 16.3 CR was found to be more favorable for the RON92 E10 gasoline than 14.3 CR, thereby driving with less boost requirement and resulting in less parasitic losses. As a result of the enhanced thermal reactivity, hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions were also markedly reduced.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div&gt;Closed-cycle, full geometry, three-dimensional (3-D) combustion computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis showed that by introducing a more pronounced bowl pocket volume, the tailored piston bowl design was able to guide the fuel jets away from the spatially constrained cold regions and facilitated better in-cylinder air utilization. The benefit became more pronounced with load increase.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div&gt;Finally, the performance for the PPCI-diffusion combustion strategy was mapped out over 1000-2000 rpm and 2-6 bar BMEP. Fuel injection strategy and air system operating boundary conditions were developed to achieve good fuel efficiency with low engine-out HC and CO emissions while keeping emissions of NOx at 1 g/kWh and smoke below 0.5 FSN.&lt;/div&gt;
Millimeter-wave compressive holography (2010)

We describe an active millimeter-wave holographic imaging system that uses compressive measurements for three-dimensional (3D) tomographic object estimation. Our system records a two-dimensional (2D) digitized Gabor hologram by translating a single pixel incoherent receiver. Two approaches for compressive measurement are undertaken: nonlinear inversion of a 2D Gabor hologram for 3D object estimation and nonlinear inversion of a randomly subsampled Gabor hologram for 3D object estimation. The object estimation algorithm minimizes a convex quadratic problem using total variation (TV) regularization for 3D object estimation. We compare object reconstructions using linear backpropagation and TV minimization, and we present simulated and experimental reconstructions from both compressive measurement strategies. In contrast with backpropagation, which estimates the 3D electromagnetic field, TV minimization estimates the 3D object that produces the field. Despite undersampling, range resolution is consistent with the extent of the 3D object band volume.
Design and testing of a three-break 800 kV SF/sub 6/ circuit breaker with ZnO varistors for shunt reactor switching (1992)

Considerations in the design and testing of a three-break 800 kV SF/sub 6/ circuit breaker with ZnO varistors for shunt reactor switching are presented. Included are system and circuit breaker considerations, factory design and analysis, and a description of the field test circuit and instrumentation. Field test results are presented which verify the design and application.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Band Diagram and Rate Analysis of Thin Film Spinel LiMn2O4 Formed by Electrochemical Conversion of ALD‐Grown MnO (2016)

Nanoscale spinel lithium manganese oxide is of interest as a high‐rate cathode material for advanced battery technologies among other electrochemical applications. In this work, the synthesis of ultrathin films of spinel lithium manganese oxide (LiMn 2 O 4 ) between 20 and 200 nm in thickness by room‐temperature electrochemical conversion of MnO grown by atomic layer deposition (ALD) is demonstrated. The charge storage properties of LiMn 2 O 4 thin films in electrolytes containing Li + , Na + , K + , and Mg 2+ are investigated. A unified electrochemical band‐diagram (UEB) analysis of LiMn 2 O 4 informed by screened hybrid density functional theory calculations is also employed to expand on existing understanding of the underpinnings of charge storage and stability in LiMn 2 O 4 . It is shown that the incorporation of Li + or other cations into the host manganese dioxide spinel structure (λ‐MnO 2 ) stabilizes electronic states from the conduction band which align with the known redox potentials of LiMn 2 O 4 . Furthermore, the cyclic voltammetry experiments demonstrate that up to 30% of the capacity of LiMn 2 O 4 arises from bulk electronic charge‐switching which does not require compensating cation mass transport. The hybrid ALD‐electrochemical synthesis, UEB analysis, and unique charge storage mechanism described here provide a fundamental framework to guide the development of future nanoscale electrode materials for ion‐incorporation charge storage.
The molecular basis of mTORC1-regulated translation (2017)

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway is a master regulator of cell growth throughout eukaryotes. The pathway senses nutrient and other growth signals, and then orchestrates the complex systems of anabolic and catabolic metabolism that underpin the growth process. A central target of mTOR signaling is the translation machinery. mTOR uses a multitude of translation factors to drive the bulk production of protein that growth requires, but also to direct a post-transcriptional program of growth-specific gene expression. This review will discuss current understanding of how mTOR controls these mechanisms and their functions in growth control.
An Architecture for VR-Based Virtual Prototyping of Human-Operated Systems (1998)

Abstract Virtual prototyping is a relatively new field which is significantly changing the product development process. In many applications, virtual prototyping relies on virtual reality tools for analysis of designs. This paper presents an architecture for a virtual prototyping system which was created for the analysis of automotive interiors. This flexible and open architecture allows the integration of various virtual reality software and hardware tools with conventional state-of-the-art CAD/CAM tools to provide an integrated virtual prototyping environment. This architecture supports the automatic transfer of data from and to parametric CAD systems, human modeling for ergonomic evaluations (first person and third person perspectives), design modifications in the virtual environment, distributed evaluations of virtual prototypes, reverse transfer of design modifications to the CAD system, and preservation of design intent and assembly intent during modifications in the virtual environment.
High-Efficiency Voltage Regulator for Rural Networks (2010)

This paper presents a high-efficiency voltage regulator, which combines robustness, low costs and easy maintenance without power electronics components. These characteristics make it suitable for rural networks, where investments and operational cost in power quality improvement are limited. The regulator consists of a multiwinding reduced-power transformer, and provides serial voltage compensation. Different voltage compensation steps are obtained by modifying the connection and the polarity between the primary and secondary windings. The transformer design has been optimized to obtain a high-efficiency and low-cost regulator. An automatic controller monitors the output voltage and sets the optimal compensation step. At present more than 400 units of the voltage regulator are in operation. Field test results are presented to show the operation of the voltage regulator.
Amphiphile Blockcopolymere mit einem flexiblen Block und einem kettensteifen Segment aus “zylindrischen Bürstenpolymeren”: metallocenkatalysierte Synthese und Bildung von Riesenmicellen (2004)

Gigantisch: Riesige amphiphile Knäuel-Stäbchen-Blockcopolymere wurden durch metallocenkatalysierte Polymerisation synthetisiert. Der hydrophile Knäuelblock besteht aus Polymethacrylsäure, die Stäbchenkomponente aus einem zylindrischen Bürstenpolymer. Wegen der ausgezeichneten Löslichkeit der kettensteifen Komponente konnten Micellen gebildet werden (siehe Schema), deren solubilisierende Schale aus dem Stäbchenblock besteht.
Artifacts in polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography caused by polarization mode dispersion (2013)

Polarization mode dispersion (PMD) severely degrades images of biological tissue measured with polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography. It adds a bias to the local retardation value that can be spatially confined, resulting in regions of seemingly high sample birefringence that are purely artificial. Here, we demonstrate and analyze this effect, both experimentally and with numerical simulations, and show that artifacts can be avoided by limiting the system PMD to less than the system axial resolution. Even then, spatial averaging over a dimension larger than that characteristic of speckle is required to remove a PMD-induced bias of the local retardation values.
Surface Area Measurement of Functionalized Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2006)

Single-walled carbon nanotubes have been functionalized and the specific surface areas of the functionalized nanotubes measured. Contrary to expectations, functionalization leads to a decrease in specific surface area compared to that of the unfunctionalized nanotubes. Treatment with a concentrated 1:1 nitric/sulfuric acid mixture followed by high-temperature baking at 1000 degrees C was found to increase the specific surface area of the nanotubes. For the unfunctionalized SWNTs, this treatment increases the specific surface area (SSA) by 20%. In the case of SWNTs functionalized by n-butyl groups the increase in the SSA was nearly 2-fold with the value increasing from 410 (drying at 110 degrees C) to 770 m2/gm (acid and bake treatment followed by drying at 110 degrees C). For the ozonized SWNTs, the SSA increases more than 3-fold from 381 (drying at 110 degrees C) to 1068 m2/gm (acid and bake treatment followed by drying at 110 degrees C). SEM images indicate that the nanotubes rebundle in the solid state with an average bundle size of 10-30 nm. AFM studies show that the ozonized tubes have been cut to short bundles after ozonolysis. Hydrogen uptake studies carried out on the baked ozonized tubes led to a 3 wt % hydrogen uptake at 77 K and 30 bar.