gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
EAACI: A European Declaration on Immunotherapy. Designing the future of allergen specific immunotherapy (2012)

Allergy today is a public health concern of pandemic proportions, affecting more than 150 million people in Europe alone. In view of epidemiological trends, the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) predicts that within the next few decades, more than half of the European population may at some point in their lives experience some type of allergy.Not only do allergic patients suffer from a debilitating disease, with the potential for major impact on their quality of life, career progression, personal development and lifestyle choices, but they also constitute a significant burden on health economics and macroeconomics due to the days of lost productivity and underperformance. Given that allergy triggers, including urbanization, industrialization, pollution and climate change, are not expected to change in the foreseeable future, it is imperative that steps are taken to develop, strengthen and optimize preventive and treatment strategies.Allergen specific immunotherapy is the only currently available medical intervention that has the potential to affect the natural course of the disease. Years of basic science research, clinical trials, and systematic reviews and meta-analyses have convincingly shown that allergen specific immunotherapy can achieve substantial results for patients, improving the allergic individuals' quality of life, reducing the long-term costs and burden of allergies, and changing the course of the disease. Allergen specific immunotherapy not only effectively alleviates allergy symptoms, but it has a long-term effect after conclusion of the treatment and can prevent the progression of allergic diseases.Unfortunately, allergen specific immunotherapy has not yet received adequate attention from European institutions, including research funding bodies, even though this could be a most rewarding field in terms of return on investments, translational value and European integration and, a field in which Europe is recognized as a worldwide leader. Evaluation and surveillance of the full cost of allergic diseases is still lacking and further progress is being stifled by the variety of health systems across Europe. This means that the general population remains unaware of the potential use of allergen specific immunotherapy and its potential benefits.We call upon Europe's policy-makers to coordinate actions and improve individual and public health in allergy by:Promoting awareness of the effectiveness of allergen specific immunotherapyUpdating national healthcare policies to support allergen specific immunotherapyPrioritising funding for allergen specific immunotherapy researchMonitoring the macroeconomic and health economic parameters of allergyReinforcing allergy teaching in medical disciplines and specialtiesThe effective implementation of the above policies has the potential for a major positive impact on European health and well-being in the next decade.
Vacuum Radiative Level Shift and Spontaneous-Emission Linewidth of an Atom in an Optical Resonator (1987)

The center frequency and linewidth of the $^{1}S_{0}\ensuremath{-}^{1}P_{1}$ resonance line of barium atoms placed near the center of a concentric optical resonator are studied as functions of cavity tuning. Shifts in the transition center frequency, due to radiative level shifts, and changes in linewidth, due to enhanced and suppressed spontaneous emission, are observed. A QED calculation which explicitly includes the resonator mode density gives good agreement with the data.
One‐Pot Synthetic Procedure for 2,2′‐Disubstituted Biaryls via the Suzuki Coupling Reaction of Aryl Triflates in a Biphasic Solvent System. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
LiMnyFe1-yPO4 Cathode Materials Grown by Hydrothermal Route: Structure and Morphology (2013)

International audience
An active-clamp snubber for isolated half-bridge DC-DC converters (2004)

In the conventional isolated half-bridge DC-DC converter, the leakage-inductance-related losses degrade the converter efficiency and limit the increase of the converter switching frequency. A novel active-clamp circuit is proposed to recycle the energy stored in the leakage inductance and thus improves the converter efficiency. By transferring the energy in the leakage inductance to a capacitor, the leakage inductance energy is recycled. Moreover, the proposed active-clamp circuit avoids the body diodes conduction of primary-side switches. Hence the body diodes conduction and reverse-recovery losses are eliminated. The principles of operation and simulation results are presented. The experimental results show the proposed active-clamp circuit improves the efficiency of the half-bridge DC-DC converter.
Fundamental studies of the interactions of adsorbates on organic surfaces (1987)

We have undertaken fundamental studies that characterize the important interactions of adsorbates on organic solids. Model substrates were prepared by the molecular self-assembly of organosulfur compounds of the general structure [S(CH 2 ) n -X] 2 ( n = 15-19, X=CH 3 , CONH 2 , CO 2 H, etc.) on a Au(111) single crystal surface. The adsorption of both polar and nonpolar molecules on top of these model surfaces was studied. The bonding of nonpolar molecules is dominated by dispersive forces and is weak in all cases. In contrast to this behavior, polar molecules, which interact weakly with the nonpolar surfaces, bond much more strongly to the polar materials. Our results also suggest an important role for structural transformations in the adsorbed overlayer in these latter cases. The potential relevance of these microscopic observations to important macroscopic properties such as wetting is discussed.
Evaluation of fuel saving and economics for an Organic Rankine Cycle as bottoming cycle in utility vehicles (2010)

Waste heat recovery for power production by means of ORC is on the threshold to marketand can be considered to be state of the art in the power range above 50 kWel. However the utilizationof waste heat from internal combustion engines in vehicles is being discussed very recently. In thispaper the fuel and respectively the cost saving potential for the national economies with such systemsis evaluated and discussed. Measurement results of waste heat potential in real driving cycle arepresented and compared to test bench data. An approach for the design point identification for highwaydriving of heavy utility vehicles is shown. Based on a simulation of real part load behavior ofcomponents like heat exchangers and expansion machines the system efficiency of an experimentalORC system is calculated. Finally fuel saving potential for an experimental prototype set up isdetermined. The potential of this technology for national economies is calculated in an elementary wayand compared to other technologies.
Towards highly stable polymer electronics(Conference Presentation) (2016)

Due to their ease of processing, organic semiconductors are promising candidates for applications in high performance flexible displays and fast organic electronic circuitry. Recently, a lot of advances have been made on organic semiconductors exhibiting surprisingly high performance and carrier mobilities exceeding those of amorphous silicon. However, there remain significant concerns about their operational and environmental stability, particularly in the context of applications that require a very high level of threshold voltage stability, such as active-matrix addressing of organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays. Here, we report a novel technique for dramatically improving the operational stress stability, performance and uniformity of high mobility polymer field-effect transistors by the addition of specific small molecule additives to the polymer semiconductor film. We demonstrate for the first time polymer FETs that exhibit stable threshold voltages with threshold voltage shifts of less than 1V when subjected to a constant current operational stress for 1 day under conditions that are representative for applications in OLED active matrix displays. The approach constitutes in our view a technological breakthrough; it also makes the device characteristics independent of the atmosphere in which it is operated, causes a significant reduction in contact resistance and significantly improves device uniformity. We will discuss in detail the microscopic mechanism by which the molecular additives lead to this significant improvement in device performance and stability.
The use of duplex-specific crab nuclease for rapid analysis of single-nucleotide polymorphisms and the detection of DNA targets in complex PCR products (2011)

We have developed a simple method for fast analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms and identification of target clones from cloned complex PCR products. The method utilizes Kamchatka crab duplex-specific nuclease and universal fluorescent probe and is alternative to laborious screening procedures using radioactive probes, restriction analysis followed by gel electrophoresis or expensive sequencing. The method efficacy was demonstrated in several model experiments.
Study on Wave Absorption of 1D-/2D-Periodic EBG Structures and/or Metamaterial Layered Media as Frequency Selective Surfaces (2009)

This paper conducts a study on the frequency-dependent filtering and blocking effects of a variety of periodic structures, dubbed frequency selective surface(FSS). The periodic structures of interest are 1D and 2D repeated patterns of metal patches or slots sitting on the interface between the two different regions in the layered media which will show the capacitive or inductive behaviors and incorporated with the electromagnetic bandgap(EBG) geometry as another stratified media. Besides the normal substances so called double positive(DPS)-type in the layered media, metamaterials of double negative(DNG) are considered as layering components on the purpose of investigating the unusual electromagnetic phenomena. Frequency responses of transmission(absorption in terms of scattering) and reflection will be calculated by a numerical analysis which can be validated by the comparison with the open literature and demonstrated for the periodic structures embedding metamaterials or not. Most importantly, numerous examples of FSS will present the useful guidelines to have absorption or reflection properties in the frequency domain.
Power System Disturbance Identification With Missing PMU Data (2020)

With the wide coverage of wide-area measurement systems, considerable real-time monitoring of the entire network has been realized, making it possible to quickly and accurately identify the type of power system disturbance. However, many factors such as loss of synchronization signal and communication protocol error may result in PMU data loss problem, which may affect PMU based disturbance identification. Aiming at this problem, a power system disturbance identification method based on stacked denoising autoencoder (SDAE) and random forest is proposed. The nonlinear mapping relationship between a corrupted sample and a complete sample is established by SDAE. This avoids the limitations of constructing features based on human experience and enables extract high level feature representation that are more robust to samples containing missing data. In addition, a classification method based on random forest with integrated learning ideas is proposed to improve recognition accuracy. Finally, the simulation test is carried out on the IEEE-39 bus system, and compared with the traditional feature extraction method under different data loss levels. The accuracy, rapidity and good generalization ability of the proposed method are verified.
Design of an adaptive wayfinding system for individuals with cognitive impairments (2010)

Many individuals with cognitive impairments experience difficulty with wayfinding, that is, the process of traveling from one place to another. This functional limitation decreases their opportunity to live independently, maintain employment, and participate in their community. This dissertation addresses the design of a system to help such individuals in wayfinding by presenting personalized, multi-modal directions to users by mobile phone. 
By creating prototypes that present directions to individuals with cognitive impairments in real indoor and outdoor environments, I have observed a wide range of potential users' reactions to different types of directions, both turn-based directions common in current navigation aids and landmark-based directions that use photos augmented with path arrows. As the use of landmarks in wayfinding has been found to be beneficial, and landmark-based directions are becoming more widely available because of the growing availability of geotagged photos and other location information, my study results inform the creation of criteria for choosing landmarks useful to wayfinding. 
A recurring theme found in my studies has been the need to address the wide variation in individual wayfinding abilities and preferences. Addressing this need is a challenge as manually adjusting an interface's design, tailoring it for each individual user, has required significant cost in the past. To support such variation, I have developed a theoretical framework that creates customized and adaptable wayfinding directions to individual users. The framework relies on a Markov Decision Process (MDP) problem formulation to create understandable sequences of directions for a given user. The MDP uses a model to describe the user's likelihood of correctly following possible directions in different wayfinding situations. We can improve model accuracy by incorporating new usage data over time, allowing the system to adapt. Adaptation is an important capability as the physical and mental effort of wayfinding limits how much observational data can be collected at once. 
My user studies involving the framework generating directions show that individuals with cognitive impairments can successfully wayfind when they have access to tailored wayfinding directions, demonstrating the design's potential to reduce a significant barrier to their quality of living.
EPOXY-COATED SAND TAPS NEW GAS IN OLD WELLS (1991)

Multiple-zone, dual-casingless completions combined with epoxy-coated sand to control sand production have increased gas reserves in McFaddin field of Victoria County, Tex. Sand production in this field has historically limited gas well life to the period during which dry gas is produced. Once water production begins, the water conveys sand into the well bore, sanding out the well and damaging tubular goods. This paper shows an elbow joint that eroded overnight once sand production started on a McFaddin field well. This paper list the incremental 417 MMcf of gas produced after the wells listed (Wells 1 - 7) were taken off production due to sand flow. These seven wells, on the average, paid out the cost of remedial treatment in 18 days of production after treatment. The remaining productive wells, as of Oct. 20, 1990, were producing 1.5 MMcfd. Application of epoxy-coated sand before sand flow starts should be considered in fields known to produce sand in the late stages of hydrocarbon production.
3D NIR‐II Molecular Imaging Distinguishes Targeted Organs with High‐Performance NIR‐II Bioconjugates (2018)

Greatly reduced scattering in the second near-infrared (NIR-II) region (1000-1700 nm) opens up many new exciting avenues of bioimaging research, yet NIR-II fluorescence imaging is mostly implemented by using nontargeted fluorophores or wide-field imaging setups, limiting the signal-to-background ratio and imaging penetration depth due to poor specific binding and out-of-focus signals. A newly developed high-performance NIR-II bioconjugate enables targeted imaging of a specific organ in the living body with high quality. Combined with a home-built NIR-II confocal set-up, the enhanced imaging technique allows 900 µm-deep 3D organ imaging without tissue clearing techniques. Bioconjugation of two hormones to nonoverlapping NIR-II fluorophores facilitates two-color imaging of different receptors, demonstrating unprecedented multicolor live molecular imaging across the NIR-II window. This deep tissue imaging of specific receptors in live animals allows development of noninvasive molecular imaging of multifarious models of normal and neoplastic organs in vivo, beyond the traditional visible to NIR-I range. The developed NIR-II fluorescence microscopy will become a powerful imaging technique for deep tissue imaging without any physical sectioning or clearing treatment of the tissue.
Elotuzumab (HuLuc63) Activates CD56dim Natural Killer Cells and Monocytes Resulting in the Release of IP-10 and MCP-1 (2008)

Abstract Elotuzumab (formerly known as HuLuc63) is a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting CS1 (CD319, SLAMF7), a protein which is highly and uniformly expressed on myeloma cells. CS1 is also expressed at lower levels on selected lymphocyte subsets in humans, including natural killer (NK) cells and a subset of CD8+ T cells. Elotuzumab mediates killing of multiple myeloma cell lines (OPM-2, L363) via antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in vitro and has significant anti-tumor activity in mouse xenograft models. Elotuzumab is currently being investigated in Phase I safety studies in relapsed multiple myeloma (MM). To further characterize the effects of elotuzumab on different immune cell subsets, we evaluated its effects in human whole blood cultures in vitro. In resting human whole blood, &amp;gt;95% of the CD56dim (CD3−CD56+CD16++) NK population expressed CS1. In contrast, only 50–75% of CD56bright NK cells expressed CS1. The expression level of CS1, as measured by mean fluorescence intensity, was also lower in CD56bright than in CD56dim NK cells. In 24-hr whole blood cultures, elotuzumab selectively activated CD56dim NK cells, as evidenced by up-regulation of CD69, CD11b, CD54, and down-modulation of CD16 expression, while having little or no effect on CD56bright NK cells. Monocytes in the same whole blood culture were also activated as determined by up-regulation of CS1, HLA-DR, and CD54. Monocyte activation was significantly correlated with CD56dim NK cell activation. In contrast, elotuzumab induced little to no activation of either CD4+ or CD8+ T cell subsets. In whole blood cultures, elotuzumab induced low levels of IFN-γ and only negligible levels of TNF-α. However, elotuzumab induced robust levels of the chemokines IP-10 and MCP-1 which correlated significantly with the level of CD56dim NK cell activation. The induction of chemokines was both dose and Fc-dependent, as F(ab′)2 fragments of elotuzumab failed to induce either NK cell activation or release of chemokines. Interestingly, when elotuzumab was added to purified NK cell cultures, no increase in the levels of IP-10 and MCP-1 was observed. Addition of neutralizating anti-IFN-g mAb to elotuzumab-treated whole blood cultures had little effect on NK cell activation but partially reduced monocyte activation and IP-10 release. Finally, addition of anti-CD18 mAb abrogated the elotuzumab-mediated activation of NK cells and monocytes suggesting cell-cell contact plays an important role in elotuzumab-induced activation of CD56dim NK cells and monocytes. In conclusion, the result from this study demonstrated that elotuzumab may activate NK cells via CS1 and CD16 signaling, resulting in the release of low levels of IFN-g and subsequently monocyte-dependant chemokine production including IP-10 and MCP-1. When dosed in a phase I clinical trial, elotuzumab induced a transient elevation of the chemokines IP-10 and MCP-1 in the serum of MM patients, indicating that the whole blood culture system enables the identification of appropriate pharmacodynamic markers.
Non-classical interference between independent sources (1997)

When a one-photon state is mixed with a (separate) weak coherent state at a beamsplitter the probability for detecting one photon in each beamsplitter output approaches zero due to destructive interference. We demonstrate this non-classical interference effect using pulse-gated single photons and weak mode-locked laser pulses.
Limitations on Resolution of Seismic Reflections and Geologic Detail Derivable from Them<xref ref-type="fn" rid="ch01fn1"><sup>1</sup></xref> (1977)

Papers from a research symposium at the 1975 American Association of Petroleum Geologists and supplemented by later reports became “Seismic Stratigraphy Applications to Hydrocarbon Exploration”, one of AAPG’s best-selling book publications. Dramatic improvements in seismic imaging were demonstrated, a result of developments in seismic data quality and the processing capability of electronic technology. Twenty-eight articles are grouped into three sections. The first describes principles that both permit and also limit interpretations. The second section presents sixteen articles that describe the qualitative approach to stratigraphic interpretations of reflection records, and the final section presents techniques and examples of modeling. Of particular interest are a series of eleven papers in the second section under the subject heading of “Seismic stratigraphy and global changes of sea level”. Prepared by P. R. Vail, R. M. Mitchum and others from Exxon, they describe the regional unconformities and stratigraphic changes resulting from sea level fluctuations, and the manner in which these changes can be interpreted from seismic surveys. For many individuals within the oil industry who purchased this book, it was their first introduction to the modern concept of sequence stratigraphy that would have a major impact on the methodology of petroleum exploration.
Molecular Cloning and Expression of a Metallothionein mRNA in Xenopus laevis (1993)

Metallothioneins (MT) are expressed during early development in species of several groups. To understand MT function in developmental processes, we studied the MT system of Xenopus laevis, a model vertebrate species in experimental embryology. We first purified and sequenced the liver MT from copper-treated animals. This 62-amino-acid protein shares the main structural properties of known vertebrate MT, and is more closely related to avian than to fish or mammalian MT. Using this sequence, we designed oligonucleotide primers to amplify and isolate a MT clone from a XL2 cell line cDNA library. This 752-bp cDNA encodes a putative 62-amino-acid-long protein that is 100% identical with the sequenced MT. Zinc, cadmium, and copper ions are very efficient inducers of MT mRNA accumulation in Xenopus liver and cell lines.
Single-mode fiber for high-power applications with small bend radii (2006)

A fiber design is proposed that addresses bend loss, high power and handleability concerns for fibers deployed in high power devices and associated pigtails. If bending is tight enough to leak power from the core into the glass cladding, a coating with a sufficiently low index traps this potentially dangerous power in the cladding. The coating is also designed to keep cladding power from damaging downstream devices and terminations. Loss due to tight bends is minimized by use of a glass design with a small mode-field diameter. This glass design further suppresses the high power failure mode. Over the high power coating is a thick layer of a toughened polymer coating which provides a significant increase in mechanical protection over most commercial coatings.