gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modulating Ohmic Contact Through InGaxNyOzInterfacial Layer for High-Performance InGaN/GaN-Based Light-Emitting Diodes (2016)

We report the improved performance of InGaN/GaN-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) through the design and the formation of the InGaxNyOz interfacial layer, which maintains high reflectivity of silver and forms good ohmic contact between pristine silver and p-GaN. The interfacial layer was designed and formed by depositing a thin layer of indium tin oxide (ITO) on top of p-GaN, followed by thermal annealing, to enable the interdiffusion and the intermixing of In, Sn, Ga, O, and N atoms. Both electrical and optical performances of the LED with the optimized InGaxNyOz interfacial layer are improved, thus achieving the highest wall-plug efficiency, compared with those LEDs with and without ITO layers at operation current.
Thin Layer Transfer Using Room Temperature Wafer-Level Bonding Process (2016)

This article deals with the transfer of a thin Si film (100nm) on top of a Si substrate using a room temperature covalent bonding. No annealing is performed post direct bonding. Before to detail this process, the equipment used for the bonding process is characterized in terms of particle and metal contamination. The etching occurring during one of the sub process of the surface preparation is also studied. Characterizations performed after layer transfer are presented. They include C-SAM inspections, SP2-HAZE measurements and TEM.
The phone lock (2010)

Tangible user interfaces are portals to digital information. In the future, securing access to such material will be an important concern. This paper describes the design, implementation and evaluation of a PIN entry system based on audio or haptic cues that is suitable for integration into such physical systems. The current implementation links movements on a mobile phone touch screen with the display of non-visual cues; selection of a sequence of these cues composes a password. Studies reveal the validity of this approach in terms of task times and error rates that improve over prior art. In sum, this paper demonstrates the potential of non-visual PINs as a mechanism for securing access to a range of systems, ultimately incorporating mobile, ubiquitous or tangible interfaces.
Combinatorial Peptide Library as an lmmunogen (2003)

For the past few years, combinatorial chemistry has become a rapidly expanding field in medicmal chemistry (, , ). Obtaining large numbers of structurally diverse compounds represents a major apphcation of combinatorial chemistry, and such divergent libraries are used in the identification of possrble candidate molecules, employing various screemng methodologies. We have designed and synthesized a completely different type of combinatorial libraries, referred to as “mixotope” or “convergent libraries.” These libraries, composed of closely related peptides mixture, collectively present to the immune system a defined antigemc determinant together with its variable motifs. A typical example is the principal antigenic determinant susceptible of eliciting neutralizing antibodies to the human immunodeficiency vu-us (HIV-l), the causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) This antigemc determinant (epitope), located in the third hypervariable domain (V3) of the HIV surface glycoprotem, gp 120, consists of 32–35 amino acids located between two invariant cystemes lurked by a disulfide bridge (). In this region, differences exceeding 50% can be found between isolates; thus, recombinant proteins and peptides derived from different isolates have been shown in general to induce antibodres that neutralize only particular subtypes of HIV-l. To recruit simultaneously the broadest part of the repertoire capable of recogmzing not only the known isolates, but also the most probable mutants, we have proposed the use of a mixotope designed from the natural variability of the V3 loop sequence (). Our initial hypothesis was that molecular structures involved in the immune recognition exhibit a much broader recogmtion pattern than usually considered, being able to tolerate vartations in several positions of the epitope. After alignment of a serves of V3 sequences, we have selected in each position the most represented amino acids, with a threshold of 8% In the degenerated positions, each amino acid was represented in equimolar amount, in order to allow the characterization of the construct by determination of the amino acid composition. This first mixotope was 22–25 residues long and contamed a mixture of 7.5 *x 105 closely related peptides that were obtained in a single synthesis by mcorporating simultaneously 1–6 amino acids in each positions.
Digital Signal Processing for Hearing Instruments (2009)

1Digital Signal Processing Group, Ruhr-Universitat Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany 2 Siemens Audiologische Technik GmbH, 91058 Erlangen, Germany 3 Institute for Human-Machine Communication, Technische Universitat Munchen, 80333 Munchen, Germany 4 Signal Processing Laboratory, Western Australian Telecommunications Research Institute (WATRI), Crawley, WA 6009, Australia 5Centre for Applied Hearing Research, Acoustic Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark 6Multimedia Communications and Signal Processing, Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
Synergistic binding of actinomycin D and echinomycin to DNA mismatch sites and their combined anti-tumour effects (2023)

Combination cancer chemotherapy is one of the most useful treatment methods to achieve a synergistic effect and reduce the toxicity of dosing with a single drug. Here, we use a combination of two well-established anticancer DNA intercalators, actinomycin D (ActD) and echinomycin (Echi), to screen their binding capabilities with DNA duplexes containing different mismatches embedded within Watson-Crick base-pairs. We have found that combining ActD and Echi preferentially stabilised thymine-related T:T mismatches. The enhanced stability of the DNA duplex-drug complexes is mainly due to the cooperative binding of the two drugs to the mismatch duplex, with many stacking interactions between the two different drug molecules. Since the repair of thymine-related mismatches is less efficient in mismatch repair (MMR)-deficient cancer cells, we have also demonstrated that the combination of ActD and Echi exhibits enhanced synergistic effects against MMR-deficient HCT116 cells and synergy is maintained in a MMR-related MLH1 gene knockdown in SW620 cells. We further accessed the clinical potential of the two-drug combination approach with a xenograft mouse model of a colorectal MMR-deficient cancer, which has resulted in a significant synergistic anti-tumour effect. The current study provides a novel approach for the development of combination chemotherapy for the treatment of cancers related to DNA-mismatches.
Formation of Fluorocarbon Monolayers on Anodized Aluminium Plates by Vapor Phase Chemical Adsorption Technique (1996)

3,3,3-(Trifluoropropyl)trichlorosilane (TFPS) was deposited on anodized aluminium plates by a vapor phase chemical adsorption technique in order to form fluorocarbon monolayers. The monolayers from the TFPS vapor showed the same water-repellent property as the monolayers from the TFPS solution. The vapor phase chemical adsorption technique may enable the formation of monolayers from organic trichlorosilanes on plastics which are soluble or swollen in organic solvents.
A Compact Noise Covariance Matrix Model for MVDR Beamforming (2022)

Acoustic beamforming is routinely used to improve the SNR of the received signal in applications such as hearing aids, robot audition, augmented reality, teleconferencing, source localisation and source tracking. The beamformer can be made adaptive by using an estimate of the time-varying noise covariance matrix in the spectral domain to determine an optimised beam pattern in each frequency bin that is specific to the acoustic environment and that can respond to temporal changes in it. However, robust estimation of the noise covariance matrix remains a challenging task especially in non-stationary acoustic environments. This paper presents a compact model of the signal covariance matrix that is defined by a small number of parameters whose values can be reliably estimated. The model leads to a robust estimate of the noise covariance matrix which can, in turn, be used to construct a beamformer. The performance of beamformers designed using this approach is evaluated for a spherical microphone array under a range of conditions using both simulated and measured room impulse responses. The proposed approach demonstrates consistent gains in intelligibility and perceptual quality metrics compared to the static and adaptive beamformers used as baselines.
Novel Prion Protein Conformation and Glycotype in Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (2007)

To our knowledge, our results define a new human prion disorder characterized by intracellular accumulation of a novel type of pathological prion protein.
Optoelectronic system with a wedge-shaped adapter (2023)

Optoelectronic systems with an adapter and methods of manufacturing or assembling the same are provided. An example of an optoelectronic system according to the present disclosure includes a substrate, an interposer, an electronic component disposed on the interposer, and an optical component. The optoelectronic system includes a ferrule and an optical fiber coupled to the ferrule. The optoelectronic system also includes an optical socket configured to receive the ferrule therein. The optoelectronic system further includes an adapter positioned between the interposer and the optical socket. The adapter has a wedge-shaped configuration such that the ferrule is disposed at a non-zero angle relative to the interposer when the ferrule is received in the optical socket and the optical socket is coupled to the adapter.
ATP hydrolysis by the viral RNA sensor RIG-I prevents unintentional recognition of self-RNA (2015)

The cytosolic antiviral innate immune sensor RIG-I distinguishes 5' tri- or diphosphate containing viral double-stranded (ds) RNA from self-RNA by an incompletely understood mechanism that involves ATP hydrolysis by RIG-I's RNA translocase domain. Recently discovered mutations in ATPase motifs can lead to the multi-system disorder Singleton-Merten Syndrome (SMS) and increased interferon levels, suggesting misregulated signaling by RIG-I. Here we report that SMS mutations phenocopy a mutation that allows ATP binding but prevents hydrolysis. ATPase deficient RIG-I constitutively signals through endogenous RNA and co-purifies with self-RNA even from virus infected cells. Biochemical studies and cryo-electron microscopy identify a 60S ribosomal expansion segment as a dominant self-RNA that is stably bound by ATPase deficient RIG-I. ATP hydrolysis displaces wild-type RIG-I from this self-RNA but not from 5' triphosphate dsRNA. Our results indicate that ATP-hydrolysis prevents recognition of self-RNA and suggest that SMS mutations lead to unintentional signaling through prolonged RNA binding.
Supplementary Figure 3 from BAG3 Regulates Motility and Adhesion of Epithelial Cancer Cells (2023)

Supplementary Figure 3 from BAG3 Regulates Motility and Adhesion of Epithelial Cancer Cells
An ultrareliable integrated digital computer for helicopters (2002)

The US Army Fault-Tolerant Architecture (AFTA) has been defined to meet real-time fault-tolerant processing requirements of future Army applications. AFTA is the enabling technology that will allow the Army to configure existing processors and other hardware to provide the high throughput and ultrahigh reliability necessary for terrain-following/terrain-avoidance and nap-of-the-earth flight control and other advanced Army applications. A brief description of AFTA's relevant attributes and theory of operation is given. The systems engineering models which permit the configuration on an AFTA to meet mission requirements as they evolve are presented, along with an example of their use to engineer an AFTA configuration. The resulting AFTA configuration, its predicted throughput, reliability, availability, weight, power, volume, and life-cycle cost impact, and the effects of possible engineering tradeoffs are presented. >
A full chip MB-SRAF placement using the SRAF guidance map (2010)

A fast model-based technique for SRAF placements is proposed in this paper. This technique first constructed an image pixel map with values presenting the sensitivity of improving process window on the desired pattern. The sensitivity value was derived based on contrast improvement with a defocus model. Then high value pixels were selected and constructed to form SRAF with MRC regulations. This technique does not require iterations to produce SRAF and achieves very fast runtime with simple mask shapes, thus can be used in full-chip productions. We called this technique the SRAF guidance map, SGM
The Level of Autoantibodies Targeting Eukaryote Translation Elongation Factor 1 α1 and Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzyme 2L3 in Nondiabetic Young Adults (2016)

There was no association between age and EEF1A1-AAb or UBE2L3-AAb levels in nondiabetic subjects. However, the wide variation in EEF1A1-AAb and UBE2L3-AAb levels apparent among the control subjects <40 years old should be taken into consideration when determining the cutoff reference range for the diagnosis of T1DM.
Structure and Dynamics of Supramolecular Polymers: Wait and See (2022)

The introduction of stereogenic centers in supramolecular building blocks is used to unveil subtle changes in supramolecular structure and dynamics over time. Three stereogenic centers based on deuterium atoms were introduced in the side chains of a benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide (BTA) resulting in a supramolecular polymer in water that at first glance has a structure and dynamics identical to its achiral counterpart. Using three different techniques, the properties of the double helical polymers are compared after 1 day and 4 weeks. An increase in helical preference is observed over time as well as a decrease in the helical pitch and monomer exchange dynamics. It is proposed that the polymer of the chiral monomer needs time to arrive at its maximal preference in helical bias. These results indicate that the order and tight packing increase over time, while the dynamics of this supramolecular polymer decrease over time, an effect that is typically overlooked but unveiled by the isotopic chirality.
NK cell activation and recovery of NK cell subsets in lymphoma patients after obinutuzumab and lenalidomide treatment (2017)

Obinutuzumab (OBZ) shows stronger antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC) compared to rituximab and improved clinical activity for treating certain CD20<sup>+</sup> neoplasia. However, the efficacy of monoclonal antibody (mAb) as a monotherapy is limited. Natural Killer (NK) cells are mediators of ADCC. Hematological cancer patients possess antitumor NK cells that are unable to control disease, possibly because they are dysfunctional. The immunomodulatory drug lenalidomide (LEN) could be a treatment to restore exhausted NK cell cytotoxic functions. The clinical trial GALEN is a Phase Ib/II study of OBZ combined with LEN for the treatment of relapsed/refractory follicular and aggressive (DLBCL and MCL) B-cell Lymphoma. During treatment, we analyzed specific aspects of NK cell biology. Treatment reversed the immature NK phenotype of patients and increased expression of NK activating receptors. Inhibitory receptors were either unchanged or decreased. There was a strong NK response at the end of the 1st cycle: NK number and intracellular granzyme B (GrzB) expression decreased, degranulation increased and NK responded better to allogeneic target challenge. Moreover, the interaction of NK cells with B cell targets, measured by trogocytosis, decreased during treatment. At the end of treatment, when target cells had been wiped out, the proportion of reactive NK cells (CD69<sup>+</sup>, CD45RARO<sup>+</sup>, CD107a<sup>+</sup>, CD19<sup>+</sup>) strongly decreased. Because all patients received LEN and OBZ, it was uncertain which drug was responsible of our observations, or even if a combination of both products was necessary for the described effects on this lymphocyte lineage.
On the Multi-Property Extraction and Beyond (2020)

In this paper, we investigate the Dual-source Transformer architecture on the WikiReading information extraction and machine reading comprehension dataset. The proposed model outperforms the current state-of-the-art by a large margin. Next, we introduce WikiReading Recycled - a newly developed public dataset, supporting the task of multiple property extraction. It keeps the spirit of the original WikiReading but does not inherit the identified disadvantages of its predecessor.
Structural studies of the scrapie prion protein by electron crystallography (2002)

Because the insolubility of the scrapie prion protein (PrP(Sc)) has frustrated structural studies by x-ray crystallography or NMR spectroscopy, we used electron crystallography to characterize the structure of two infectious variants of the prion protein. Isomorphous two-dimensional crystals of the N-terminally truncated PrP(Sc) (PrP 27-30) and a miniprion (PrP(Sc)106) were identified by negative stain electron microscopy. Image processing allowed the extraction of limited structural information to 7 A resolution. By comparing projection maps of PrP 27-30 and PrP(Sc)106, we visualized the 36-residue internal deletion of the miniprion and localized the N-linked sugars. The dimensions of the monomer and the locations of the deleted segment and sugars were used as constraints in the construction of models for PrP(Sc). Only models featuring parallel beta-helices as the key element could satisfy the constraints. These low-resolution projection maps and models have implications for understanding prion propagation and the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration.
Ovarian Lesions in Carney Complex: Clinical Genetics and Possible Predisposition to Malignancy (2000)

Carney complex (CNC) is a familial multiple neoplasia and lentiginosis syndrome (OMIM 160980, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/omim) with features overlapping those of other multiple endocrine neoplasias and hamartomatoses, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) in particular. Although a number of patients with CNC and ovarian tumors have been described in individual patient reports, it is unclear whether ovarian lesions constitute a component of the syndrome or are coincidental events. We investigated 18 women with CNC [age at first evaluation, 31.3 ± 12.1 yr (mean ± sd)] prospectively for the development of ovarian tumors over a period of 35.7 ± 30.6 months by physical examination and pelvic ultrasonography. They were compared with 11 women (age at first evaluation, 32.9 ± 17 yr) who were enrolled under the same protocol (follow up, 32.3 ± 25.1 months) and served as a control group. In addition, a registry of 178 women from among a total of 309 patients with CNC was searched retrospectively for any having ovarian tumors. Seven available histological specimens were rereviewed. None of the CNC patients had ovarian tumors analogous to those of PJS. Two patients with CNC in the prospective group developed ovarian tumors and were operated upon. One had bilateral oophorectomy for asynchronous serous cystadenomas. The second patient had a unilateral serous cystadenoma. Resected tumor tissue from both patients was tested for genetic abnormalities of the chromosomal regions to which CNC genetic loci have been mapped. Both showed genomic amplification of chromosomal region 2p16. An additional 10 patients had at least 1 sonogram positive for ovarian cysts. Only 1 of the patients in the control group was found to have a persistent, simple ovarian cyst by ultrasonography. The registry of 178 CNC patients included 4 who had undergone surgery for ovarian tumors. The diagnoses included endometrioid adenocarcinoma (1 patient) and metastatic mucinous adenocarcinoma (the primary site was probably ovarian; 1 patient). In addition, 7 of 12 patients (58%) with CNC, who died of other causes, had ovarian lesions at autopsy. In conclusion, although the same stromal tumor, large-cell calcifying Sertoli cell tumor, affects the testes in CNC and PJS, we did not find such tumors in a small population of CNC patients that was studied prospectively or a larger group of CNC patients that was studied retrospectively. The results of our study also suggested that women with CNC commonly develop ovarian cysts and may be at risk for ovarian carcinoma. The chromosome 2p16 CNC locus was involved in ovarian pathology with apparent copy number gain, suggesting that at least molecularly there is some involvement of the CNC gene(s) in these lesions. Although ovarian tumors do not seem to be a major manifestation of CNC, sonography of the ovaries may be part of the initial evaluation for this genetic syndrome in women with CNC; follow-up of any identified lesion is recommended because of the possible risk for malignancy.
Analysis and Performance Evaluation of Mobility for Multi-Panel User Equipment in 5G Networks (2022)

Frequency Range 2 (FR2) has become an integral part of 5G networks to fulfill the ever increasing demand for user data throughput. However, radio signals in FR2 experience high path and diffraction loss in mobile environments. To address this issue, multi-panel user equipment (MPUE) is adopted for FR2 whereby multiple antenna panels are placed on the UE body to leverage gains from antenna directivity. In contrast to traditional UEs with isotropic radiation patterns, signal measurements of cells in the network may not be available on all panels simultaneously for MPUE, which may result in outdated signal measurements that affect the reliability of mobility decisions. In this paper, we investigate the mobility performance of two different MPUE schemes following different paradigms for signal measurement and compare their performance with traditional UEs. This performance evaluation is based in multi-beam 5G networks operating in FR2 where there are multiple simultaneously active beams per cell to realize the high throughput requirements. Furthermore, an in-depth analysis of the mobility performance is carried out to determine the best mobility parameter combinations for the different MPUE schemes. Results have shown that both MPUE schemes offer considerable mobility performance gains as compared to traditional UEs. Moreover, it is seen that the MPUE schemes require different mobility parameter settings for the best mobility performance.
MRN complex function in the repair of chromosomal Rag-mediated DNA double-strand breaks (2009)

The Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 (MRN) complex functions in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) by homologous recombination (HR) at postreplicative stages of the cell cycle. During HR, the MRN complex functions directly in the repair of DNA DSBs and in the initiation of DSB responses through activation of the ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) serine-threonine kinase. Whether MRN functions in DNA damage responses before DNA replication in G0/G1 phase cells has been less clear. In developing G1-phase lymphocytes, DNA DSBs are generated by the Rag endonuclease and repaired during the assembly of antigen receptor genes by the process of V(D)J recombination. Mice and humans deficient in MRN function exhibit lymphoid phenotypes that are suggestive of defects in V(D)J recombination. We show that during V(D)J recombination, MRN deficiency leads to the aberrant joining of Rag DSBs and to the accumulation of unrepaired coding ends, thus establishing a functional role for MRN in the repair of Rag-mediated DNA DSBs. Moreover, these defects in V(D)J recombination are remarkably similar to those observed in ATM-deficient lymphocytes, suggesting that ATM and MRN function in the same DNA DSB response pathways during lymphocyte antigen receptor gene assembly.