gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
VORTEX (2011)

True 3D display systems like volumetric displays allow generation of autostereoscopic, multi-view 3D content that has real physical dimensions. However their uptake as a research tool within the HCI community is limited largely due to difficulties in buying or building such displays. The choice of commercially available systems is limited and constrains the flexibility of their use in terms of interaction capabilities, display features and integration with multi-display environments (MDEs). In this paper we describe the steps involved in creating custom volumetric display from easily available components. By building a touch-enabled volumetric display we walk-through the steps involved in the process. This will enable us to explore various interactive systems, associated techniques and challenges related to integration of the device into a MDE.
Electroless and Electrolytic Copper Plating of Glass Interposer Combined with Metal Oxide Adhesion Layer for Manufacturing 3D RF Devices (2016)

High performance radio frequency (RF) front end filters were fabricated using glass interposer and 3D packaging technologies, especially through glass vias (TGV) and direct Cu metallization on the glass. Major challenges for the use of TGV in RF and electronics applications are the cost competitiveness, high throughput and reliable metallization of both TGV and flat glass surface with an excellent adhesion. In this study, a thin metal oxide adhesion promotion layer (about 8-9 nm) called VitroCoat layer is dip-coated by a modified sol-gel process followed by sintering which creates chemical bonds to the glass. Sol-gel dip coating process has good coating uniformity on both TGV and top surface under optimized coating conditions. Uniform coating can be achieved on minimum 30 μm diameter TGVs on a 300 μm thick and 200 mm diameter glass wafers. The thin adhesive layer enables electroless and electrolytic copper plating directly onto glass substrates without impacting high frequency performance. Excellent adhesion of electroless plated copper seed layer on glass can be achieved by using the adhesive layer and annealing technology. The thin adhesive layer is non-conductive and can be easily removed from the area between circuit traces during electroless copper seed layer etching. We have successfully integrated the adhesion layer and electroless and electrolytic copper plating technologies into semi-additive process (SAP) and built up a 3D RF front end filter devices on 400 μm thick 200mm diameter glass wafers as well as 300mm x 300mm glass panels with 80 μm diameter holes.
Characterisation of the microstructure of distributions of rigid rods and discs in a matrix (1985)

The microstructure of two-phase disordered media can be characterised in terms of a set of n-point matrix probability functions Sn which give the probability of finding n points all in the matrix phase. The authors obtain, for the first time, an exact analytical expression for S2 for a distribution of equi-sized rigid rods in a matrix at any density and for all values of its argument. They evaluate, also for the first time, S2 for a distribution of equi-sized rigid discs in a matrix, for a wide range of densities. Using these results for S2 and rigorous upper and lower bounds on S3, one may obtain bounds on S3 for distributions of rigid rods and discs. The one- and two-dimensional results obtained here are compared to the three-dimensional results of Torquato and Stell (1983) at certain particle volume fractions.
The Effects of Drilling on Revascularization and New Bone Formation in Canine Femoral Heads with Avascular Necrosis (1989)

In this study, the effects of drilling on revascularization and new bone formation were evaluated in nine dogs with surgically induced avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head. Six animals had holes drilled from the greater trochanter into the femoral head at the time of vascular interruption. Vital fluorescent bone stains were injected immediately postoperatively (calcein green). 6 weeks postoperatively (xylenol orange), and 12 weeks postoperatively (oxytetracycline). In the operative femoral heads, a relative absence of calcein green indicated successful production of AVN. All of the specimens had uptake of oxytetracycline, indicating complete revascularization by 12 weeks postoperatively. Xylenol orange was found throughout the femoral head in the six drilled heads, indicating complete revascularization by 6 weeks postoperatively. Two of the three undrilled dogs failed to show distribution of xylenol orange throughout the femoral head, which indicated incomplete revascularization by 6 weeks postoperatively. In the drill tracts that were identified, calcein green was observed along the full length of the tract, indicating very early new bone deposition in the drill tracts following surgery. These results suggest that a drill hole provides a path for rapid vascular invasion and quickly results in new bone formation in and around the drill tracts. In addition, revascularization takes place more rapidly in canine femoral heads that have been drilled.
Simultaneous Extraction and Concentration by On-Line Hollow Fiber Membrane Extraction (2003)

In the determination of trace-level pollutants in water, a concentration step is usually needed between extraction and analysis. In this paper, simultaneous extraction and concentration during on-line analysis using hollow fiber membranes is reported. Solvent loss across the membrane resulted in simultaneous concentration during extraction and had pronounced influence on enrichment factor and extraction efficiency. This phenomenon is an important consideration for analytical methods employing solvent extraction across a membrane, because it is possible to eliminate the concentration step. Continuous on-line monitoring of semivolatile compounds was achieved using this approach, and the effects of process variables on enrichment and extraction efficiency were studied. It was found that enrichment increased with solvent loss, even when the extraction efficiency decreased.
In situ measurement of aspect ratio dependent etch rates of polysilicon in an inductively coupled fluorine plasma (2001)

The etch rate of polysilicon in high aspect ratio structures has been studied in an inductively coupled fluorine based plasma (pure SF6). The change of the silicon etch rate with increasing aspect ratio [aspect ratio dependent etch rate or reactive ion etching (RIE) lag] has been measured in situ by interferometry. The experimental structures as well as the process conditions were chosen such that (i) the interaction of neutral fluorine atoms with the silicon surface determines the etch rate, (ii) the ion energy is minimized, (iii) the mass transport of neutrals is in a molecular flow (Knudsen) regime, and (iv) the interaction of the etch species with the sidewalls can be neglected. Under these conditions, the experimental findings indicate that the RIE lag effect is reduced for higher pressures and lower cathode temperatures, i.e., for higher fluorine atom coverages of the silicon surface. This is in agreement with the Knudsen transport model by Coburn and Winters [W. Coburn and H. F. Winters, Appl. Phys. Lett. 55, 2730 (1989)]. Probabilities for the reaction of fluorine atoms with the silicon surface between 0.03 and 0.11 can be derived when fitting the experimental data with this model. The findings reported in this work are of relevance for the formation of deep trench storage capacitors and polysilicon plugs. In particular, we show that we can control RIE lag and etch rate independently for the given process conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd(η1‐H2) and Pd(η2‐H2): Ligand‐Free End‐on and Side‐on Bonded Molecular Dihydrogen Complexes. (1986)

Abstract Astudy of the Pd/Hz system at low temp. show that groundstate 4d") Pd atoms spontaneously react with H 2 in rare gas matrices to produce molecular dihydrogen complexes.
No evidence of misdiagnosis in patients with multiple sclerosis and repeated positive anticardiolipin antibody testing based on magnetic resonance imaging and long term follow-up (2007)

No aCL Ab positive MS patient fulfilled the criteria for APS, arguing against a possible misdiagnosis or coexistence.
An Application of the Concept of Limit of Expenditures in Risk Reduction Measures to the Brazilian Case (1993)

A limit on the amount of expenditure on any safety measure beyond which the risk balance (direct risk reduction minus indirect risk increase) would become negative from a national point of view is discussed. This limiting concept is considered within the framework of a developing country (Brazil) using data related to person-days lost per monetary unit of production of each economic sector and a simplified nine-sector input/output matrix for the economy. For the Brazilian case, the implementation of new safety equipment is not completely ruled out, although many important questions remain to be addressed because of the very fact that Brazil is a developing country.
<title>Nonlinear algorithm for task-specific tomosynthetic image reconstruction</title> (1999)

This investigation defines and tests a simple, nonlinear, task-specific method for rapid tomosynthetic reconstruction of radiographic images designed to allow an increase in specificity at the expense of sensitivity. Representative lumpectomy specimens containing cancer from human breasts were radiographed with a digital mammographic machine. Resulting projective data were processed to yield a series of tomosynthetic slices distributed throughout the breast. Five board-certified radiologists compared tomographic displays of these tissues processed both linearly (control) and nonlinearly (test) and ranked them in terms of their perceived interpretability. In another task, a different set of nine observers estimated the relative depths of six holes bored in a solid Lucite block as perceived when observed in three dimensions as a tomosynthesized series of test and control slices. All participants preferred the nonlinearly generated tomosynthetic mammograms to those produced conventionally, with or without subsequent deblurring by means of iterative deconvolution. The result was similar (p less than 0.015) when the hole-depth experiment was performed objectively. We therefore conclude for certain tasks that are unduly compromised by tomosynthetic blurring, the nonlinear tomosynthetic reconstruction method described here may improve diagnostic performance with a negligible increase in cost or complexity.
Distributed Matrix Multiplication with MDS Array BP-XOR Codes for Scaling Clusters (2019)

This study presents a novel coded computation technique for distributed matrix-matrix product computation at a massive scale that outperforms well known previous strategies in terms of total execution time. Our method achieves this performance by distributing the encoding operation over the cluster (slave) nodes at the expense of increased master-slave communication. The product computation is performed using MDS array Belief Propagation (BP)-decodable codes based on pure XOR operations. In addition, our scheme is configurable and suited for modern compute node architectures equipped with multiple processing units organized in a hierarchical manner. Assuming the number of backup nodes being sublinear in the size of the product, we shall demonstrate that the proposed scheme achieves order-optimal computation from an end-to-end latency perspective while ensuring acceptable communication requirements that can be addressed by today's high speed network link infrastructures.
Collecting EUV mask images through focus by wavelength tuning (2009)

Using an extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) microscope to produce high-quality images of EUV reticles, we have developed a new wavelength tuning method to acquire through-focus data series with a higher level of stability and repeatability than was previously possible. We utilize the chromatic focal-length dependence of a diffractive Fresnel zoneplate objective lens, and while holding the mask sample mechanically still, we tune the wavelength through a narrow range, in small steps. In this paper, we demonstrate the method and discuss the relative advantages that this data collection technique affords.
Knowledge Transfer for Dynamic Multi-objective Optimization with a Changing Number of Objectives (2023)

Different from most other dynamic multi-objective optimization problems (DMOPs), DMOPs with a changing number of objectives usually result in expansion or contraction of the Pareto front or Pareto set manifold. Knowledge transfer has been used for solving DMOPs, since it can transfer useful information from solving one problem instance to solve another related problem instance. However, we show that the state-of-the-art transfer algorithm for DMOPs with a changing number of objectives lacks sufficient diversity when the fitness landscape and Pareto front shape present nonseparability, deceptiveness or other challenging features. Therefore, we propose a knowledge transfer dynamic multi-objective evolutionary algorithm (KTDMOEA) to enhance population diversity after changes by expanding/contracting the Pareto set in response to an increase/decrease in the number of objectives. This enables a solution set with good convergence and diversity to be obtained after optimization. Comprehensive studies using 13 DMOP benchmarks with a changing number of objectives demonstrate that our proposed KTDMOEA is successful in enhancing population diversity compared to state-of-the-art algorithms, improving optimization especially in fast changing environments.
Conformational properties of deltorphin: New features of the δ‐opioid receptor (1989)

Deltorphin is an opioid peptide with the sequence H-Tyr-D-Met-Phe-His-Leu-Met-Asp-NH2, recently isolated from the skin of Phyllomedusa sauvagei. Its enormous selectivity towards the delta-opioid receptor and the similarity of the N-terminal part of the sequence with that of dermorphin (H-Tyr-D-Ala-Phe-Gly-Tyr-Pro-Ser-NH2), a mu selective peptide isolated from the same natural source, prompted a comparative conformational study. A 1H-NMR study in two different solvent systems showed that the conformational preferences of the N-terminal sequences of the two peptides are similar. The different selectivities towards opioid receptors have been interpreted in terms of charge effects. Besides a general trend consistent with the role of the membrane in the preselection of the peptides, the present study demonstrates the crucial role played by charged residues in the interaction inside the receptors.
Robonaut 2 - The first humanoid robot in space (2011)

NASA and General Motors have developed the second generation Robonaut, Robonaut 2 or R2, and it is scheduled to arrive on the International Space Station in early 2011 and undergo initial testing by mid-year. This state of the art, dexterous, anthropomorphic robotic torso has significant technical improvements over its predecessor making it a far more valuable tool for astronauts. Upgrades include: increased force sensing, greater range of motion, higher bandwidth, and improved dexterity. R2's integrated mechatronic design results in a more compact and robust distributed control system with a fraction of the wiring of the original Robonaut. Modularity is prevalent throughout the hardware and software along with innovative and layered approaches for sensing and control. The most important aspects of the Robonaut philosophy are clearly present in this latest model's ability to allow comfortable human interaction and in its design to perform significant work using the same hardware and interfaces used by people. The following describes the mechanisms, integrated electronics, control strategies, and user interface that make R2 a promising addition to the Space Station and other environments where humanoid robots can assist people.
HBV infection and HCC: the ‘dangerous liaisons’ (2017)

International audience
EUV Metal Oxide Resist Development Technology for Improved Sensitivity, Roughness and Pattern Collapse Margin for High Volume Manufacturing (2022)

One of the critical challenges for delivering next nodes or high-NA extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography to high volume manufacturing (HVM) in the semiconductor industry is to have a high-performance EUV resist process. The high-performance resist process needs to simultaneously meet multiple requirements, such as high resolution, high sensitivity, low roughness, a low defect level, and good global CD uniformity (CDU). In this paper, we will introduce a new wet development (DEV) method to improve the performance of metal oxide resists (MOR), which is named ESPERTTM** (Enhanced Sensitivity develoPER Technology). This newly invented method can meet multiple requirements together where it is not possible with the conventional development method. With 36 nm pitch pillar patterns, we have confirmed with after etch inspection (AEI) data that the new method produced 22% improvement in EUV dose and 7% improvement in LCDU, simultaneously. No pattern collapse was observed at least up to 15.4 nm pillar size. In the case of 30 nm pitch line/space (L/S) pattern, the improvements were 26% in EUV sensitivity and 12.3% in LWR also with AEI results. Furthermore, the new method could also shift the bridging cliff 0.5 nm to the larger line CD while its global CDU was improved 2.6 times. The new data achieved by the new wet development method make us believe that MOR are mostly ready for HVM and this new method is also aiming to be used in high NA EUV lithography in the near future.
The influence of sensor directionality in array and single-aperture imaging applications (1998)

&lt;div&gt;In many optical array-based imaging applications, the sensors employed have a narrow field of view, so defining a particular region that can be imaged. In typical SONAR applications (for example towed arrays) the sensors are omni-directional in nature. This thesis deals with the possible use of optical techniques in this situation where the sensors are omni-directional. [Continues.]&lt;/div&gt;
Oat avenanthramides induce heme oxygenase-1 expression via Nrf2-mediated signaling in HK-2 cells (2015)

Our results suggest a novel mechanism whereby AVAs exert an antioxidant function on human health. Further investigation of these markers in human is warranted to explore the beneficial health effects of whole grain oat intake.
Doped semiconductor nanocrystal junctions (2013)

Semiconductor junctions are the basis of electronic and photovoltaic devices. Here, we investigate junctions formed from highly doped (ND≈1020−1021cm−3) silicon nanocrystals (NCs) in the 2–50 nm size range, using Kelvin probe force microscopy experiments with single charge sensitivity. We show that the charge transfer from doped NCs towards a two-dimensional layer experimentally follows a simple phenomenological law, corresponding to formation of an interface dipole linearly increasing with the NC diameter. This feature leads to analytically predictable junction properties down to quantum size regimes: NC depletion width independent of the NC size and varying as ND−1/3, and depleted charge linearly increasing with the NC diameter and varying as ND1/3. We thus establish a “nanocrystal counterpart” of conventional semiconductor planar junctions, here however valid in regimes of strong electrostatic and quantum confinements.
Phase measurement of reflection of EUV multilayer mirror using EUV standing waves (2004)

Projection optics of an EUV lithography system consists of multilayer mirrors. Phase of the incident beam is shifted on reflection at the multilayer mirror [Y. Watanabe et al., Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 30, 3053 (1991)]. If the phase shift at reflection of a multilayer is not well controlled, it becomes the cause of wavefront aberration. The phase shift depends on the incident angle and the wavelength of the beam. The phase shift is also dependent on the structure of the multilayer. Certain kinds of structural change cause non-negligible variation of the phase shift with very little change of wavelength dependency of reflectivity. Therefore, not only reflectivity measurement but also measurement of phase shift is essential to manufacture multilayer mirrors for projection optics. X-ray standing wave technique has been used to characterize multilayer structure [B. Lai et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 266, 684 (1988); T. Kawamura and H. Takenaka, J. Appl. Phys. 75, 3806 (1996)]. Intensity of electric field, which generates photoelectrons, near a multilayer surface depends not only on the intensity of incident beam but also on the phase shift and the reflectivity. EUV reflectivity and photo-yield of Mo∕Si multilayer samples were measured using a laser produced plasma source (LPP) based EUV reflectometer [A. Miyake, Proc. SPIE 5037, 647 (2003)]. Thickness ratio Γ is the ratio of the thickness of molybdenum layer to the multilayer period. Γ of each sample is changed by 2% step. According to a simulation, it corresponds to variation of phase shift by 0.02πstep, in other words, variation of wavefront by 10mλstep. Measured wavelength dependencies of photo-yield for each sample are clearly separated. From the results of this experiment, it is shown that phase shift on multilayer reflection can be detected at a resolution of 0.02πrad.
Exploiting User Diversity in OTFS Transmission for Beyond 5G Wireless Systems (2022)

Orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS) modulation is a recent technology that offers a significant advantage on link reliability due to its strong delay-Doppler resilience. In classical cellular technology, overall system performance is limited by the fading and interference experienced by particular user equipment (UE) over its radio resources (RR). Besides, OTFS performance depends on the channel diversity of the UEs. Therefore, this letter examines the potential of multi-user diversity for OTFS systems considering practical scenarios. Specifically, we introduce a novel scheduling algorithm that proposes the assignment of the available RR of OTFS frame to the UE with the largest number of channel taps, resulting in enhanced channel diversity. It is shown via both mathematical analysis and simulation results that the proposed scheduling technique outperforms the scheme with random access to delay-Doppler RR in terms of system bit error rate (BER) with maximum likelihood (ML) receiver. The BER results validate the accuracy of the proposed technique for OTFS transmission with minimum mean square error (MMSE) detector considering various system configurations.