gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biosynthesis of paf-acether. Paf-acether but not leukotriene C4 production is impaired in cultured macrophages (1989)

After adherence for 24 or 48 h mouse peritoneal macrophages, upon a zymosan challenge, synthesized 114 +/- 55 and 82 +/- 31 pmol of paf-acether (paf)/mg of protein respectively, as compared with 513 +/- 195 pmol of paf/mg of protein in 2 h-adherent macrophages (means +/- S.D., n = 10). By contrast, 24 h- and 48 h-adherent macrophages exposed to zymosan produced more leukotriene C4 (2.7 +/- 1.1 and 1.4 +/- 0.2 nmol/mg of protein respectively, n = 5) than did 2 h-adherent macrophages (0.5 +/- 0.2 nmol/mg of protein, n = 5). Paf production was not altered when 2 h- and 24 h-adherent cells were cultured and/or stimulated in the presence of 5 microM-indomethacin, 10 microM-nordihydroguaiaretic acid or 100 microM-BW755C as compared with untreated cells. These results indirectly exclude the regulation of paf production by arachidonic acid metabolites. We investigated the efficiency of the enzymic steps which govern paf synthesis. We showed that the anabolic process was not impaired since (1) the amounts of alkylacylglycerophosphocholine and lyso-paf were similar in 2 h-, 24 h- and 48 h-adherent macrophages; (2) adding synthetic lyso-paf or acetyl-CoA to intact cells did not increase paf production in zymosan-stimulated 24 h- and 48 h-adherent macrophages; (3) the basal level of acetyltransferase was comparable in 2 h-, 24 h- and 48 h-adherent macrophages and in all cases was increased by 2-3 times upon zymosan challenge. We also showed that impaired paf production in 24 h- and 48 h-cultured macrophages was not due to the nature of the stimulus used to induce its synthesis.
Relay scheduling and interference cancellation for quantize-map-and-forward cooperative relaying (2013)

This paper presents system design aspects of a multi-relay half-duplex QMF cooperative system. We propose two simple algorithms that address the design of relay scheduling and inter-relay interference schemes. Proposed linear-complexity scheduling algorithm is proven to be optimal for a multi-relay diamond network under specific channel conditions. We demonstrate through simulations that for typical channel conditions, the achievable QMF rate of a five-relay cooperative system is up to 3 times higher compared to a system without cooperation.
Biomedical telemonitoring systems with an emphasis on in-stent restenosis monitoring (2014)

Advances in microelectronic technologies have facilitated implementation of leading-edge circuits particularly in the realm of ultra-low-power circuits and systems. The focus of this thesis is on the design of reliable integrated solutions for telemonitoring of biomedical implants. In particular, we focus on diagnosing in-stent restenosis (re-narrowing) of coronary arteries after angioplasty. To achieve more efficient wireless power delivery, a modified version of conventional medical stent, namely antenna stent or stentenna, is used. In this work, two different systems are designed and fabricated in a 0.13-μm complimentary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process. The first telemonitoring system converts the capacitive changes of the (pressure) sensors directly to a corresponding frequency change which will be transmitted to the external reader. Unique to this design is the alignment unit which is designed to improve the physical alignment of external inductive antenna with the implanted stentenna for the purpose of wireless power transfer. The system starts operating with the rectified voltage of as low as 500 mV while consuming 4.15 μW, 3.4 μW of which is consumed by the transmitter. The system is designed such that, in alignment mode, the frequency of the pilot signal is directly proportional to the value of the rectified supply voltage. The monitoring unit, start operating from the supply voltage of 870 mV while drawing 111.25 μA. This system has been successfully tested in an in-vitro setup. The measured sensitivity of the system is 555 kHz/fF. This system is capable of detecting capacitance change of as low as 1.3 fF. The sensor interface circuit of the second system consists of a capacitance-to-voltage converter and the transmitter includes a voltage-to-frequency converter. The frequency for the transmitted signal is proportional to the changes of the capacitance of the sensor. Measurement results of a proof-of concept prototype show that the system operates from a harvested supply of as low as 350 mV (from input power of -43.76 dBm at 1.25 GHz) while drawing less than 100 nA from its harvested supply. The sensitivity of the system is measured to be 55 kHz/fF.
On the Benefits of Demand Flexibility in the Last Mile of the Grid (2021)

A large part of the demand for electrical power in the grid can be seen as flexible demand. This flexibility can be exploited to compensate for the intermittent behaviour of renewable power, or to reduce the cost of energy. This paper shows that the judicious use of flexible demand in the electricity market can significantly reduce the cost of energy in the market. The opportunities and limitations of the proposed approach are briefly discussed.
Comparison of PuraStat self-assembling peptide hydrogel versus mineral-based Hemospray for endoscopic hemostasis of upper and lower gastrointestinal lesions in pigs (2022)

PuraStat and Hemospray were effective topical hemostats for mild-to-moderate bleeding in upper and lower GI wounds. Rebleeding was observed in two of 12 Hemospray-treated sites and none of 18 PuraStat-treated sites. PuraStat and Hemospray were associated with better wound healing than untreated controls. The ability to treat upper GI lesions was easier with the PuraStat versus Hemospray system.
Headspace volatile organic compounds from bacteria implicated in ventilator-associated pneumonia analysed by TD-GC/MS (2017)

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a healthcare-acquired infection arising from the invasion of the lower respiratory tract by opportunistic pathogens in ventilated patients. The current method of diagnosis requires the culture of an airway sample such as bronchoalveolar lavage, which is invasive to obtain and may take up to seven days to identify a causal pathogen, or indeed rule out infection. While awaiting results, patients are administered empirical antibiotics; risks of this approach include lack of effect on the causal pathogen, contribution to the development of antibiotic resistance and downstream effects such as increased length of intensive care stay, cost, morbidity and mortality. Specific biomarkers which could identify causal pathogens in a timely manner are needed as they would allow judicious use of the most appropriate antimicrobial therapy. Volatile organic compound (VOC) analysis in exhaled breath is proposed as an alternative due to its non-invasive nature and its potential to provide rapid diagnosis at the patient's bedside. VOCs in exhaled breath originate from exogenous, endogenous, as well as microbial sources. To identify potential markers, VAP-associated pathogens Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus were cultured in both artificial sputum medium and nutrient broth, and their headspaces were sampled and analysed for VOCs. Previously reported volatile markers were identified in this study, including indole and 1-undecene, alongside compounds that are novel to this investigation, cyclopentanone and 1-hexanol. We further investigated media components (substrates) to identify those that are essential for indole and cyclopentanone production, with potential implications for understanding microbial metabolism in the lung.
Comparison of PI and PR current controllers applied on two-level VSC-HVDC transmission system (2015)

This paper analyzes differences between αβ and dq reference frames regarding the control of two-level VSC-HVDC current loop and dc-link voltage outer loop. In the first part, voltage feedforward effect is considered with PI and PR controllers. In the second part, the feedforward effect is removed and the PR gains are tuned to keep the dynamic performance. Also, the power feedforward is removed and the outer loop PI controller is tuned in order to maintain the system dynamic performance. The paper is completed with simulation results, which highlight the advantages of using PR controller.
Enhanced optical performance of amber emitting quantum dots incorporated InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes with growth on UV-enhanced electrochemically etched nanoporous GaN (2011)

Phosphor-free amber light emitting quantum dots with bimodal size distribution have been effectively incorporated in InGaN/GaN light emitting diodes (LEDs). With overgrowth of the LEDs structure on electrochemically etched nanoporous GaN templates, a reduction in density of threading dislocations and lower biaxial stress are achieved. A higher density of smaller quantum dots ∼4.5×109 cm−2 is incorporated in the multiple quantum well of LEDs on the nanoporous GaN template, generating higher energy emission, and enhanced light output by 1.45 times over LEDs grown on conventional GaN. The carrier capture kinetic by the bimodal distributed quantum dots is discussed with its energy band profile.
Spatio-temporal prediction in video coding by spatially refined motion compensation (2008)

The purpose of this contribution is to introduce a new method of signal prediction in video coding. Unlike most existent prediction methods that either use temporal or use spatial correlations to generate the prediction signal, the proposed method uses spatial and temporal correlations at the same time. The spatio-temporal prediction is obtained by first performing motion compensation for a macroblock, followed by a refinement step that pays attention to the correlations between the macroblock and its surroundings. At the decoder, the refinement step can be performed in the same manner, thus no additional side information has to be transmitted. Implementation of the spatial refinement step into the H.264/AVC video codec leads to reduction in data rate of up to nearly 15% and increase in PSNR of up to 0.75 dB, compared to pure motion compensated prediction.
A Method to Simulate Structural Intensity Fields in Plates and General Structures Induced by Spatially and Temporally Random Excitation Fields (2009)

The structure-borne power in bending waves is well understood, and has been studied by many investigators in ideal beam and plate structures. Most studies to date, however, have considered only the structural intensity induced by deterministic localized drives. Many structures of practical interest are excited by spatially random pressure fields, such as diffuse and turbulent boundary layer pressure fluctuations. Additionally, such studies typically employ finite differencing techniques to estimate the shear, bending, and twisting components of intensity, and are therefore only applicable to simple homogenous uniform structures such as thin plates and beams. Often, however, finite differencing techniques are not applicable to practical structures of interest. The present study introduces a new analytic method to compute the structural intensity induced by spatially random pressure fields in general structures, which does not require the use of finite differencing techniques. This method uses multiple-input multiple-output random analysis techniques, combining frequency response function matrices generated from analytic or finite element (FE) models with cross-spectral density matrices of spatially random pressure fields to compute intensities in structures. The results of this method are validated using those obtained using finite-difference-based techniques in a flat plate. Both methods show intensity patterns different from those caused by deterministic point drives. The new general method, combined with FE analysis techniques, may be applied in the future to complex nonhomogenous structures, which include discontinuities, curvature, anisotropic materials, and general three-dimensional features.
THE ROLE OF AN ANTERIOR FLANGE ON LOAD TRANSFER THROUGH THE DISTAL HUMERUS AFTER ELBOW ARTHROPLASTY (2008)

Purpose: Anterior flanges have been added to the humeral components of some total elbow arthroplasty systems. Surgeons have the option of placing a wedge of bone or bone cement between the anterior surface of the humerus and the flange in an effort to improve implant stability and load transfer. The purpose of this study was to quantify the cortical strains in the humerus after arthroplasty for different materials placed behind the flange. Methods: Five fresh-frozen cadaveric distal humeri were thawed and cleaned of all soft tissues. Strain gauges were applied to the anterior and posterior surfaces to record bending and axial strains. The bending gauges were positioned just proximal to the location of the flange tip. Cantilever bending and axial compression were applied using a materials testing machine. Following intact testing, the humeral component of a total elbow was implanted by an experienced surgeon and fixed using bone cement. Testing was repeated three times, each with a different material behind the flange: no graft (simulating a humeral component without an anterior flange), cancellous bone graft, and cement graft. Strains were normalized to the intact state and for the applied moments. Data were analyzed using repeated-measure ANOVAs (p Results: For bending, the strain values were approximately 80% of the intact values with no graft material, 80% with the bone graft, and 87% with the cement graft. These differences among the graft materials were not significant (p=0.5). Similar results were found for the axial strains (p=0.3). Conclusions: The intention of the anterior flange is to transfer a portion of the load carried by the implant stem to the distal humerus, thereby reducing stress-shielding and improving strength of the construct. In this investigation that employed bending and axial loads, the presence of an anterior flange had no significant effect on load transfer through the distal humerus regardless of graft material used. This would suggest that for the humeral component employed in this study, the flange might not be fulfilling its intended purpose.
High EMT Signature Score of Invasive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Cells Correlates with NFκB Driven Colony-Stimulating Factor 2 (CSF2/GM-CSF) Secretion by Neighboring Stromal Fibroblasts (2015)

We established co-cultures of invasive or non-invasive NSCLC cell lines and various types of fibroblasts (FBs) to more precisely characterize the molecular mechanism of tumor-stroma crosstalk in lung cancer. The HGF-MET-ERK1/2-CREB-axis was shown to contribute to the onset of the invasive phenotype of Calu-1 with HGF being secreted by FBs. Differential expression analysis of the respective mono- and co-cultures revealed an upregulation of NFκB-related genes exclusively in co-cultures with Calu-1. Cytokine Array- and ELISA-based characterization of the "cytokine fingerprints" identified CSF2 (GM-CSF), CXCL1, CXCL6, VEGF, IL6, RANTES and IL8 as being specifically upregulated in various co-cultures. Whilst CXCL6 exhibited a strictly FB-type-specific induction profile regardless of the invasiveness of the tumor cell line, CSF2 was only induced in co-cultures of invasive cell lines regardless of the partnered FB type. These cultures revealed a clear link between the induction of CSF2 and the EMT signature of the cancer cell line. The canonical NFκB signaling in FBs, but not in tumor cells, was shown to be responsible for the induced and constitutive CSF2 expression. In addition to CSF2, cytokine IL6, IL8 and IL1B, and chemokine CXCL1 and CXCL6 transcripts were also shown to be increased in co-cultured FBs. In contrast, their induction was not strictly dependent on the invasiveness of the co-cultured tumor cell. In a multi-reporter assay, additional signaling pathways (AP-1, HIF1-α, KLF4, SP-1 and ELK-1) were found to be induced in FBs co-cultured with Calu-1. Most importantly, no difference was observed in the level of inducibility of these six signaling pathways with regard to the type of FBs used. Finally, upon tumor fibroblast interaction the massive induction of chemokines such as CXCL1 and CXCL6 in FBs might be responsible for increased recruitment of a monocytic cell line (THP-1) in a transwell assay.
Wrist-wearable bioelectrical impedance analyzer with contact resistance compensation function (2016)

Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is used to calculate the body fat percentage of a human by applying a small amount of alternating current through a human body and measuring the impedance. As the electrode size of a BIA device becomes small, the measurement error of impedance becomes large due to the contact resistance between the electrode and human skin. Most commercial BIA devices, therefore, utilize electrodes large enough to ignore the effect of contact resistance, e.g. 35×40 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> × 4EA. We propose a novel method for compensating the contact resistance by performing a 4-point and a 2-point measurement alternately such that body impedance can be accurately estimated even with a considerably smaller size of electrode (8×8 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> × 4EA). Also, we report a wrist-wearable BIA device with single-finger contact measurement and analysis results of user data acquired from 148 volunteers: the correlation coefficient of body fat percentage was 0.903 and the SEE (Standard Error of Estimate) of body fat percentage was 3.07% when compared with InBody 720 (whole-body composition analyzer), which was found to be at the same level of performance as commercial portable upper-body BIA device.
Studies of Histidine As a Suitable Isoelectric Buffer for Tryptic Digestion and Isoelectric Trapping Fractionation Followed by Capillary Electrophoresis–Mass Spectrometry for Proteomic Analysis (2011)

The use of histidine as a protein digestion buffer followed by isoelectric trapping separations using "membrane separated wells for isoelectric focusing and trapping" (MSWIFT) and mass spectrometry (MS) analysis is described. Tryptic digestion of bovine serum albumin (BSA) performed in histidine buffered solutions yields similar amino acid sequence coverage values to those obtained using ammonium bicarbonate buffer. Time course studies suggest that histidine buffers provide faster migration of peptides from the loading compartment compared to digestions prepared in ammonium bicarbonate due to differences in conductivities of the two buffers. In addition, this sample preparation method and MSWIFT separations have been coupled with capillary electrophoresis (CE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) as an alternative separation approach for proteomic studies. Tryptic peptides of ribosomal proteins in histidine are fractionated using MSWIFT followed by CE-MALDI-MS, which further illustrates the ability to couple fractions from a pI based separation device to CE-MS. Specifically, two-dimensional CE-MS plots provide a direct correlation between the numbers of basic residues within the peptide sequence displayed in charge-state trend lines. Combining MSWIFT and CE-MS provides added information regarding peptide sequence, specifically pI and in-solution charge state. Post-translational modifications can also be identified using this method.
Tomographic reconstruction of stratified fluid flow (1991)

A new method for imaging a moving fluid using acoustic tomography is evaluated by numerical simulation. A cross section of the medium is probed by high-frequency acoustic waves from several different directions. It can be shown that the resulting measured travel time data contain sufficient information to reconstruct both the spatially varying sound speed and the transverse component of the fluid vorticity [K. B. Winters and D. Rouseff, Inverse Problems 6, L33 (1990)]. The results are exact to within the validity of the straight-ray geometric acoustics approximation. To evaluate a discrete version of the reconstruction algorithm, a three-dimensional stably stratified mixing layer is simulated. The flow exhibits characteristic features in both density (sound speed) and vorticity. The dynamics of the fluid flow can be described as the instability of a vortex sheet. The acoustic travel time is calculated by integrating through the simulated flow fields. The synthetic data are then inverted to yield reconstructions of both the density and the vorticity of the evolving flow. [Work supported in part by the U.S. Navy under Contract No. N00039-89-C-0001.]
Coming of Age in the Life of Neoplasia (2004)

Neoplasia was initiated 6 years ago with the vision of providing a journal for fair-minded, constructive, and prompt review of manuscripts, which would provide the scientific community a platform for the rapid dissemination of basic and clinical findings in cancer research. During this time, Neoplasia has provided authors with a real-time, password-protected web-based peer review system, which provided critiques of each individual reviewer in real time. This novel approach to peer review has provided authors with the ability to post their responses to the reviewer's comments in a point-by-point format prior to the editorial decision. This approach allowed the Editorial Office to obtain information from both the reviewers and authors, thereby providing the editor with additional information to make editorial decisions. This approach provided for a much faster and more fair-minded decision-making process, as well as reduced the overall turnaround time for manuscript revisions.

The overall impact and acceptance of Neoplasia by the scientific community has been heartwarming and can be quantified by several parameters. Firstly, over the past 3 years, there has been consistent, broad-based publication of articles from diverse areas of cancer research. This is best shown by Table 1, which lists articles by general topic areas for publication years 2002–2004, where the number of papers in clinical investigations and angiogenesis has increased steadily over this period. A second parameter from which to judge the impact of a journal is in the growth of the number of manuscript submissions. In 2004, the number of articles submitted to Neoplasia increased by 40% over the previous year. This is a truly remarkable statistic and required the publisher to increase the number of pages published in 2004 and also resulted in the necessity of increasing the publication frequency of Neoplasia from its current bimonthly rate to monthly for Volume 7 in 2005.



Table 1

Major Topics of Publications in Neoplasia From 2002 to 2004.



Significant changes for Neoplasia in 2005 will be a rapid listing of accepted articles on the PubMed/Medline database. This will provide authors who publish in Neoplasia with the most rapid dissemination of their results to other scientists, thereby fulfilling one of the most important missions of Neoplasia.

On behalf of the Editorial Office, members of the Editorial Board, and Publisher, BC Decker, we wish to thank all participants for embracing Neoplasia as a conduit for publishing their important research findings. We welcome any feedback and comments from which we can continually improve the role of Neoplasia in facilitating the timely distribution of your vitally important research results.