gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electronic state of heme in cytochrome oxidase III. The magnetic susceptibility of beef heart cytochrome oxidase and some of its derivatives from 7-200 K. Direct evidence for an antiferromagnetically coupled Fe (III)/Cu (II) pair. (1978)

The temperature dependence of the paramagnetic susceptibility of cytochrome oxidase and some of its derivatives has been measured from 7 to 200 K. The results obtained for the fully oxidized (resting) enzyme correspond exactly to the requirements of the model recently proposed by Palmer et al. (Palmer, G., Babcock, G. T., and Vickery, L. E. (1976) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 73, 2206-2210) in which the enzyme possesses two magnetically isolated spin S = 1/2 centers and a spin-coupled S = 2 center. The S = 2 center paramagnetism has been interpreted as arising from a [cytochrome a33+(S = 5/2)--Cuu2+(S = 1/2)] antiferromagnetically coupled iron.copper binuclear complex of total spin S = 2 with -J greater than or equal to 200 cm-1. In addition, the wide temperature range used in the present studies has permitted an analysis of present and other available data (T less than 4K measurements) which readily accommodates results from this and other laboratories (Moss, T.H., Shapiro, E., King, T.E., Beinert, H., and Hartzell, C. R. (1978) J. Biol. Chem 253, 8072-8073) so that a fully consistent picture of the magnetic centers in cytochrome oxidase now appears to be available. Furthermore, anomalous magnetic behavior for the oxidized enzyme.cyanide complex has been interpreted in terms of an antiferromagnetic exchange interaction operating in the binuclear complex [cytochrome a33+.CN-(S = 1/2)--Cuu2+(S = 1/2)] with -J congruent to 40 cm-1. A structural model for the [cytochrome a3(3+)-bridge-CUu2+] center is advanced in which an imidazolate ion serves as the bridging ligand in a manner similar to that found in superoxide dismutase.
Ultrahigh efficiency EUV contact-hole printing with chromeless phase shift mask (2016)

Contact-hole layer patterning is expected to be one of the first applications for EUV lithography. Conventional darkfield absorber masks, however, are extremely inefficient for these layers, placing even more burden on the already challenging source power demands. To address this concern, a checkerboard phase shift mask configuration has been proposed yielding theoretical throughput gains of 5x assuming a thin-mask modeling. In this manuscript we describe the fabrication of such a mask and demonstrate its imaging performance using the SHARP EUV microscope and MET exposure tool at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. For 25-nm dense features, the phase shift mask was shown to provide a throughput gain of 8x based on SHARP and 7x based on the Berkeley MET. The higher then predicted gain is expected to be due to the fact that the thin mask modeling used in the initial prediction misses shadowing effects.
Valorization of aqueous waste streams from thermochemical biorefineries (2019)

We demonstrate production and separation of coproducts through catalytic fast pyrolysis using well-described and scalable operations achieving 97 wt% purity.
ChemInform Abstract: SOMATOSTATIN, TOTAL SOLID PHASE SYNTHESIS (1974)

Abstract Das geschützte Peptid (I) (Somatostatin, der die Somatotropin‐Freisetzung hemmende Faktor) wird stufenweise an einem chlormethylierten Harz nach Stewart und Young synthetisiert.
THE ROLE OF THE REVERSE- TRANSCRIPTASE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION ASSAY FOR THE SELECTION OF PATIENTS FOR RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN IN (1996)

The management and treatment of prostate cancer in 1996 is dependent on several factors. When the clinician has determined that a patient has prostate cancer, the initial evaluation includes a series of diagnostic tests to determine the extent of the disease. Traditionally, ultrasonography, CT scan, bone scan, and endorectal coil MR imaging have been used to stage patients with prostate cancer.l*, 33, 34 If the cancer is organ-confined, radical retropubic prostatectomy has been the shown to result in effective disease-free status in the long term.30, 41 Unfortunately, almost half of all patients initially considered to have clinically localized disease at the time of diagnosis are found to be pathologically upstaged after radical surgery.25 The inability of the urologist to determine the extent of the cancer preoper-
Radial Force: An Underestimated Parameter in Oversizing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Prostheses: In Vitro Analysis with Five Commercialized Valves (2017)

The goal is to inform in depth on transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) prosthesis mechanical behavior, depending on frame type, design, and size, and how it crucially impacts the oversizing issue in clinical use, and ultimately the procedure outcome. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement is an established therapy for high-risk patients suffering from aortic stenosis, and the indication for TAVR is progressively expanding to intermediate-risk patients. Choosing the optimal oversizing degree is crucial to safely anchor the TAVR valve-which involves limiting the risks for embolism, aortic regurgitation, conductance disturbance, or annulus rupture-and to increase the valve prosthesis performance. The radial force (RF) profiles of five TAVR prostheses were measured in vitro: the CoreValve 23 and 26 (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN), the Acurate neo S (Symetis, Écublens, Vaud, Switzerland), and the SAPIEN XT 23 and 26 (Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine, CA). Measurements were run with the RX Machine equipment (Machine Solutions Inc., Flagstaff, AZ), which is used in ISO standard tests for intravascular stents. Test protocols were adapted for TAVR prostheses. With the prostheses RF profiles' results, mechanical behavior differences could be described and discussed in terms of oversizing strategy and clinical impact for all five valves. Besides, crossing the prostheses' RF profiles with their recommended size windows made the assessment of borderline size cases possible and helped analyze the risks when accurate measurement of patient aortic annulus proves difficult. The prostheses' RF profiles bring new support in clinical decision-making for valve type and size in patients.
Region‐of‐interest reconstruction of motion‐contaminated data using a weighted backprojection filtration algorithm (2006)

The recently developed weighted backprojection filtration (WBPF) algorithm using data redundancy has capabilities that make this algorithm an attractive candidate for reconstructing images from motion-contaminated projection data. First, the WBPF algorithm is capable of reconstructing region-of-interest (ROI) images from reduced-scan fan-beam data, which have less data than the short-scan data required to reconstruct the entire field of view (FOV). Second, this algorithm can reconstruct ROI images from truncated data. Using phantom simulation studies, we demonstrate how these unique capabilities can be exploited to reduce the amount of motion-contaminated data used for reconstruction. In particular, we use examples from cardiac imaging to illustrate how off-center phantom positioning combined with phase-interval ROI reconstruction can result in the suppression of motion artifacts. In terms of temporal resolution, reduced-scan reconstruction with 45% of a full-scan dataset can be used to improve the temporal resolution of a short-scan reconstruction by 25.8% if ungated data are used. For data gated at 66 beats per minute, reduced-scan reconstruction with 45% of a full-scan dataset can be used to improve the temporal resolution of a short-scan reconstruction by 7.9%. As a result of our studies, we believe that the WBPF algorithm demonstrates the potential for reconstructing quality ROI images from motion-contaminated fan-beam data.
Pallidal stimulation-induced psychosis and suicidality in Parkinson’s disease (2022)

Neuropsychiatric adverse events have been previously reported following deep brain stimulation (DBS) for Parkinson's disease (PD). Most cases described have involved DBS of the subthalamic nucleus (STN). We report a unique case of acute-onset and reversible psychosis, suicidality, and depressive symptoms following DBS of the globus pallidus internus (GPi) and review the relevant literature.
Affinity Capillary Electrophoresis: Insights into the Binding of SH3 Domains by Peptides Derived from an SH3-Binding Protein (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAffinity Capillary Electrophoresis: Insights into the Binding of SH3 Domains by Peptides Derived from an SH3-Binding ProteinFrank A. Gomez, James K. Chen, Akito Tanaka, Stuart L. Schreiber, and George M. WhitesidesCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 10, 2885–2886Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00089a038https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00089a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views88Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Active Matrix Addressed Displays (1998)

The prelims comprise: Thin Film Diode and Metal-Insulator-Metal Matrix Address [1-201 CdSe Thin Film Transistor Switch Matrix Address [37-561 a-Si Thin Film Transistor Switch Matrix Address p-Si Thin Film Transistor Switch Matrix Address Metal-oxide Semiconductor Transistor Switch Matrix Address
Utilizing Carbon Nanotube Electrodes to Improve Charge Injection and Transport in Bis(trifluoromethyl)-dimethyl-rubrene Ambipolar Single Crystal Transistors (2013)

We have examined the significant enhancement of ambipolar charge injection and transport properties of bottom-contact single crystal field-effect transistors (SC-FETs) based on a new rubrene derivative, bis(trifluoromethyl)-dimethyl-rubrene (fm-rubrene), by employing carbon nanotube (CNT) electrodes. The fundamental challenge associated with fm-rubrene crystals is their deep-lying HOMO and LUMO energy levels, resulting in inefficient hole injection and suboptimal electron injection from conventional Au electrodes due to large Schottky barriers. Applying thin layers of CNT network at the charge injection interface of fm-rubrene crystals substantially reduces the contact resistance for both holes and electrons; consequently, benchmark ambipolar mobilities have been achieved, reaching 4.8 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) for hole transport and 4.2 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) for electron transport. We find that such improved injection efficiency in fm-rubrene is beneficial for ultimately unveiling its intrinsic charge transport properties so as to exceed those of its parent molecule, rubrene, in the current device architecture. Our studies suggest that CNT electrodes may provide a universal approach to ameliorate the charge injection obstacles in organic electronic devices regardless of charge carrier type, likely due to the electric field enhancement along the nanotube located at the crystal/electrode interface.
Interworking between the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) and the Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP): Architecture, Addresses, and Error Handling (2014)

As a foundation for the definition of bidirectional protocol mappings between the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) and the Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP), this document specifies the architectural assumptions underlying such mappings as well as the mapping of addresses and error conditions.
Fuzzing Hardware Like Software (2021)

Hardware flaws are permanent and potent: hardware cannot be patched once fabricated, and any flaws may undermine any software executing on top. Consequently, verification time dominates implementation time. The gold standard in hardware Design Verification (DV) is concentrated at two extremes: random dynamic verification and formal verification. Both struggle to root out the subtle flaws in complex hardware that often manifest as security vulnerabilities. The root problem with random verification is its undirected nature, making it inefficient, while formal verification is constrained by the state-space explosion problem, making it infeasible against complex designs. What is needed is a solution that is directed, yet under-constrained. Instead of making incremental improvements to existing DV approaches, we leverage the observation that existing software fuzzers already provide such a solution, and adapt them for hardware DV. Specifically, we translate RTL hardware to a software model and fuzz that model. The central challenge we address is how best to mitigate the differences between the hardware execution model and software execution model. This includes: 1) how to represent test cases, 2) what is the hardware equivalent of a crash, 3) what is an appropriate coverage metric, and 4) how to create a general-purpose fuzzing harness for hardware. To evaluate our approach, we fuzz four IP blocks from Google's OpenTitan SoC. Our experiments reveal a two orders-of-magnitude reduction in run time to achieve Finite State Machine (FSM) coverage over traditional dynamic verification schemes. Moreover, with our design-agnostic harness, we achieve over 88% HDL line coverage in three out of four of our designs -- even without any initial seeds.
Design of integrated hybrid silicon waveguide optical gyroscope (2014)

We propose and analyze a novel highly integrated optical gyroscope using low loss silicon nitride waveguides. By integrating the active optical components on chip, we show the possibility of reaching a detection limit on the order of 19°/hr/√Hz in an area smaller than 10 cm(2). This study examines a number of parameters, including the dependence of sensitivity on sensor area.
Determination of liposome partitioning of ionizable drugs by titration (1999)

Drug partitioning to liposomes has been suggested as a model for partitioning to biomembranes but has been lacking a rapid analytical assay useful for drug screening. A fast pH-metric titration method for the determination of liposome partitioning of ionizable drugs using small unilamellar phosphatidylcholine vesicles prepared by sonic homogenization has been successfully developed, enabling the use of high lipid-to-drug ratios. Liposome-water partition coefficients of diclofenac and propranolol were determined to study the impact of varying titration parameters, temperature, equilibration time, lipid, and liposome types on the partitioning. To validate this method, the results were compared to literature values generated with different techniques and to pH-metric titration results with large unilamellar vesicles. The rapid pH-metric assay gave liposome partitioning data for the two model compounds which were consistent with other analytical techniques and liposome types.
Analysis of microbial diversity on deli slicers using polymerase chain reaction and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis technologies (2012)

Cross-contamination of pathogenic and spoilage bacteria from food-contact surfaces to food products is a serious public health issue. Bacteria may survive and attach to food-contact surfaces by residual food components and/or background bacteria which may subsequently transfer to other food products. Deli slicers, generally used for slicing ready-to-eat products, can serve as potential sources for considerable bacterial transfer. The objective of this study was to assess the extent and distribution of microbial diversity of deli slicers by identification of pathogenic and background bacteria. Slicer-swab samples were collected from restaurants in Arkansas and Texas in the United States. Ten surface areas for each slicer were swabbed using sterile sponges. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) was applied to investigate the fingerprint of samples, and each band was further identified by sequence analysis. Pseudomonads were identified as the dominant bacteria followed by Enterobacteriaceae family, and lactic acid bacteria such as Lactococcus lactis and Streptococcus thermophilus were also found. Bacterial distribution was similar for all surface areas, while the blade guard exhibited the greatest diversity. This study provides a profile of the microbial ecology of slicers using DGGE to develop more specific sanitation practices and to reduce cross-contamination during slicing.
Cardioprotective inhibitors of reperfusion injury (2013)

An understanding of the mechanisms and pathways that mediate cardiac myocyte death is critical for the development of pharmacological therapies to limit heart damage during myocardial infarction (“heart attack”). We have completed the first unbiased cell-based screen of the MLSMR library consisting of ~360,000 compounds to identify small molecule probes that protect cardiac myocytes against oxidative and metabolic stresses, both precipitants of cell death during myocardial infarction. Oxidative stress was modeled with hydrogen peroxide treatment, and metabolic stress by inhibition of glycolysis using 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG). Since cardiac myocytes in vivo are terminally differentiated cells that cannot be expanded to the numbers needed for these studies, two cardiac myocyte model cell lines were used: H9c2 cells, derived fetal rat heart; and HL-1 cells, derived from the hearts of mice with cardiac-specific expression of an SV40 T-antigen transgene. Based on the activities of compounds in each of these cell types in response to each of these death stimuli (4 assays), 10 scaffolds were prioritized for reorder of their powders and available analogs for “analog-by-catalog” (ABC) testing. Two scaffolds advanced through multiple rounds of analog synthesis and structure-activity studies to result in the first probe molecule ML330. ML330 protects both H9c2 and HL-1 cell lines (EC50 0.4–4.0 μM & Emax 42–99 %) from both oxidative and metabolic stress induced by hydrogen peroxide and 2-DG, respectively. A second probe ML331, was identified preferentially protects both cell lines (EC50 0.6–9.0 μM & Emax 39–74 %) from metabolic stress induced by 2-DG. Probe molecules ML330 and ML331 will be useful to map and understand the critical cell death pathways in cardiac myocytes and lead to the development of a pharmacological agent to limit heart damage during myocardial infarction in humans. The probe molecules may also find broad utility in studies to understand relationships that regulate connections between various cell death programs, such as apoptosis and necrosis. Moreover, these findings may also extend to other ischemic syndromes such as stroke.
Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Electronic Structure of Single-Crystalline CuxV2O5 Nanowires (2009)

Single-crystalline copper vanadium oxide nanowires beta'-Cu(x)V(2)O(5) (x approximately 0.60) have been synthesized by the hydrothermal reduction of bulk CuV(2)O(6) using small-molecule aliphatic alcohols as reducing agents. The prepared copper vanadium bronze nanowires are metallic in nature and exhibit aspect ratios as high as 300. The recent discovery of superconductivity and charge disproportionation in bulk beta'-Cu(x)V(2)O(5) has led to renewed interest in these one-dimensional metallic systems. Scaling these systems to nanoscale dimensions offers the potential for further tunability of electronic transport and Li-ion intercalation kinetics. A combination of spectroscopic and electrical measurement methods has been used to provide evidence for the metallic nature and the presence of room-temperature charge disproportionation in these nanowires.
Channel coding for narrow-band Rayleigh fading with robustness against changes in Doppler spread (1997)

For digital transmission over frequency-nonselective fading channels, data security can be obtained by error correction coding, but the coding scheme has to be adapted to the channel properties. For many vehicular applications, the range of possible vehicle speeds is large and in the UHF band the resulting Doppler frequency may not be small relative to the symbol rate-suggesting a differential detection scheme. Therefore, the channel coding should be robust against changes in Doppler spread. A combination of a convolutional code (soft-decision decoding) and a Reed-Solomon (RS) code is considered, and the performance in a narrow-band Rayleigh-fading channel with differential quaternary phase shift keying (DQPSK) modulation without interleaving is evaluated as a function of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and Doppler spread by computer simulations. This transmission scheme is proved to have good performance over a large variety of vehicle speeds.
Muscle activations optimization and adaptation for Functional Electrical Therapy purposes (2007)

One possible method for restoring motion of paralyzed limbs is Functional Electrical Stimulation. FES can be applied in early phase of hemiplegia in order to control the affected leg while walking. FES was shown to be a valuable method for training that likely allows the user to walk later on without assistance. Rehabilitation centres mostly use preprogrammed stimulation patterns empirically obtained and manually triggered. The stimulation pattern and timing need to be set and online adapt to optimize the use of preserved capabilities and lead to symmetrical gait. We present an approach based on three phases. First an optimal control based on individually customized model is used to create the basic reference stimulation pattern for the deficient leg. Secondly, the plant is modeled as a nonlinear oscillator. Finally, the oscillator is triggered from the detection of the gait cycle phase assessed via a sensor placed on the healthy leg.