gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sodium vapor flow regimes and pressure losses on cathode side of multitube AMTEC cell (1998)

A model was developed to calculate the vapor pressure losses and characterize the vapor flow regimes on the cathode side of multitube vapor-anode AMTEC cells, with internal chevrons radiation shields and TiN electrodes. Results showed that the vapor flow on the cathode side of the AMTEC cells was typically in the transition regime, and that the pressure losses due to the chevrons shield constituted about 50% of the total pressure loss. Such an increase in the vapor pressure losses, however, decreased the cell electrical power output by only about 5%, because the concentration losses in the cell were small compared to the charge-exchange polarization and internal ohmic losses.
Consideration on Riser Shape of Escalator Step (2010)

The comb structure between cleats in adjoining steps is one of the safety features in escalators. It prevents the biting of shoes, hands and feet between adjoining steps. This comb structure is between the riser cleat in the upper side step and the demarcation comb in the lower side step. Now, the depth of overlap of the comb structure in the upper side of the riser is gradually reduced over that in the lower side of the riser to make for easy exit when shoes, hands or feet are bitten between steps. This method greatly contributes to the prevention of nasty accidents. On the other hand, this ease in exit also makes it easier to be bitten in the upper side of the riser. Therefore, as one idea, safety improvement by making it more difficult to be bitten by deepening the engaging in the upper side of the riser is a likely area for study. In this paper, the riser cleat shape and step composition are examined with the view that "it should not ever be easy for shoes to be bitten between steps". As a result, if you follow this view, the overlap depth should be enlarged in the upper side of the riser.
A Comparison of Dual‐Energy X‐Ray Absorptiometry and Somatometrics for Determining Body Fat in Rhesus Macaques (1999)

We conclude that noninvasive DXA technology provides precise estimates of nonhuman primate body composition that correlate well with the traditional somatometric measures used in primate studies.
UAV Relay-Assisted Emergency Communications in IoT Networks: Resource Allocation and Trajectory Optimization (2020)

peer reviewed
Structured Dimensionality Reduction for Additive Model Regression (2016)

Additive models are regression methods which model the response variable as the sum of univariate transfer functions of the input variables. Key benefits of additive models are their accuracy and interpretability on many real-world tasks. Additive models are however not adapted to problems involving a large number (e.g., hundreds) of input variables, as they are prone to overfitting in addition to losing interpretability. In this paper, we introduce a novel framework for applying additive models to a large number of input variables. The key idea is to reduce the task dimensionality by deriving a small number of new covariates obtained by linear combinations of the inputs, where the linear weights are estimated with regard to the regression problem at hand. The weights are moreover constrained to prevent overfitting and facilitate the interpretation of the derived covariates. We establish identifiability of the proposed model under mild assumptions and present an efficient approximate learning algorithm. Experiments on synthetic and real-world data demonstrate that our approach compares favorably to baseline methods in terms of accuracy, while resulting in models of lower complexity and yielding practical insights into high-dimensional real-world regression tasks. Our framework broadens the applicability of additive models to high-dimensional problems while maintaining their interpretability and potential to provide practical insights.
Contemporary Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine Pathophysiology of Bleeding and Clotting in the Cardiac Surgery Patient From Vascular Endothelium to Circulatory Assist Device Surface (2010)

Clinicians are faced with the challenge of navigating theprecarious balance between bleeding and clotting. Bleeding disorders or failure to obtain adequate hemostasis during surgery may lead to severe hemorrhage. However, if thrombotic com-plications occur (eg, thromboembolic stroke), they may be far more difficult to treat. To achieve a stable equilibrium between bleeding and clotting, the treating physician should have a fundamental understanding of coagulation biology. In this article, we review the physiological role of the vascular endothelium in maintaining an antithrombogenic environment at baseline and a prothrombotic state after injury. Commonly used hemostatic and anticoagulant drugs and their mechanism of action are examined in this context. This is followed by a review of the most common inherited and acquired bleeding and clotting disorders, as well as the mechanism by which they lead to defects in coagulation biology. The approach to a bleeding
Method and apparatus for continuous removal of carbon dioxide vapors from gases (2023)

A method for continuously removing carbon dioxide vapor from a carrier gas is disclosed. This method includes, first, causing direct contact of the carrier gas with a liquid mixture in a separation chamber, the carrier gas condensing at a lower temperature than the carbon dioxide vapor. A combination of chemical effects cause the carbon dioxide to condense, complex, or both condense and complex with the liquid mixture. The liquid mixture is chosen from the group consisting of: first, a combination of components that can be maintained in a liquid phase at a temperature below the carbon dioxide vapor's condensation point, whereby the carbon dioxide condenses into the liquid mixture; second, a combination of components where at least one component forms a chemical complex with the carbon dioxide vapor and thereby extracts at least a portion of the carbon dioxide vapor from the carrier gas; and third, a combination of components that can both be maintained in a liquid phase at a temperature below the carbon dioxide's condensation point, and wherein at least one component forms a chemical complex with the carbon dioxide vapor and thereby extracts at least a portion of the carbon dioxide vapor from the carrier gas. The liquid mixture is then reconstituted after passing through the separation chamber by a chemical separation process chosen to remove an equivalent amount of the carbon dioxide vapor from the liquid mixture as was removed from the carrier gas. The reconstituted liquid mixture is restored to temperature and pressure through heat exchange, compression, and expansion, as necessary, in preparation for recycling back to the separation chamber. The liquid mixture is then returned to the separation chamber. In this manner, the carrier gas leaving the exchanger has between 1% and 100% of the carbon dioxide vapor removed.
The phorbol ester phorbol myristate acetate inhibits human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope-mediated fusion by modulating an accessory component(s) in CD4-expressing cells (1994)

The phorbol ester phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) strongly inhibits human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-induced syncytium formation; it has been suggested that this inhibitory effect is due to the transient downmodulation of the surface-associated CD4 receptors by PMA (I. H. Chowdhury, Y. Koyanagi, S. Kobayashi, Y. Hamamoto, H. Yoshiyama, T. Yoshida, and N. Yamamoto, Virology 176:126-132, 1990). Surprisingly, PMA treatment of cells expressing truncated (A2.01.CD4.401) and hybrid (A2.01.CD4.CD8) CD4 molecules, which are not downmodulated (P. Bedinger, A. Moriarty, R. C. von Borstel II, N. J. Donovan, K. S. Steimer, and D. R. Littman, Nature [London] 334:162-165, 1988), inhibited their fusion with CD4- (12E1) cells expressing vaccinia virus-encoded HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (gp120-gp41) and with chronically HIV-1-infected H9 (MN, IIIB, or RF) cells. PMA pretreatment of T (12E1) and non-T (HeLa, U937.3, and Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B) cell lines expressing vaccinia virus-encoded CD4 also blocked fusion with 12E1 cells expressing vaccinia virus-encoded gp120-gp41. Interestingly, pretreatment of the gp120-gp41-expressing 12E1 cells with PMA did not alter their fusion with untreated CD4-expressing cells. Although the inhibitory effect of PMA was rapid and treatment for 1.5 h with 5 ng of PMA per ml was sufficient to reduce fusion by more than 50%, the recovery after treatment was slow and more than 40 h was needed before the cells regained half of their fusion potential. The inhibitory effect of PMA was blocked by staurosporine in a dose-dependent fashion, suggesting that it is mediated by protein kinase C. PMA treatment of A2.01.CD4.401 cells reduced the number of infected cells 6.7-fold, as estimated by a quantitative analysis of the HIV-1 MN infection kinetics, probably by affecting the stage of virus entry into cells. CD26 surface expression was not significantly changed by PMA treatment. We conclude that PMA inhibits the CD4-gp120-gp41-mediated fusion by modulating an accessory component(s), different from CD26, in the target CD4-expressing cells. These findings suggest a novel approach for identification of accessory molecules involved in fusion and may have implications for the development of antiviral agents.
An active 90nm inductive signal noise testchip with realistic microprocessor signal buses (2006)

A 90nm inductance test chip that includes active drivers and on-die noise capture capabilities has been fabricated and measured in silicon. The purpose of the test chip was to quantify the inductive and capacitive noise effects on realistic microprocessor signal lines using typical inter-repeater lengths and signal-to-voltage-rail ratios. Measured results showed that signal inductive noise can potentially contend with capacitive noise and, in double-wide structures, can be of a greater effect than capacitive noise
Clinical Outcomes after Subpectoral Biceps Tenodesis with an Interference Screw (2008)

Subpectoral biceps tenodesis with an interference screw is a viable treatment option for patients with symptomatic biceps tendinosis. Anterior shoulder pain and biceps symptoms were resolved with this technique. Patients with coexistent rotator cuff lesion had less favorable outcomes.
ChemInform Abstract: A Flexible, Convergent Approach to Piperidines, Pyridines, Azepines, and Related Derivatives. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Histone H1 Accumulation in the Avian Bursa of Fabricius Damaged by Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (2008)

The present study addresses the localization of histone H1 in tissues sustaining highly apoptotic and necrotic tissue induced by a viral infection of the Bursa of Fabricius as evidence of a possible extranuclear and extracellular movement beyond the nuclei. This potential mechanism of release could be related to previous reports of extranuclear biological activities of this protein. Detection of HH1 by in situ immunostaining was demonstrated as strong and moderate immunoreactivity in the BF of specific pathogen free chickens challenged with Infectious Bursal Disease Virus. The histone H1 immunoreactivity is apparently reduced and principally limited to single or multiple immunoreactive foci when high levels of virus particles are detected. Additionally, the moderate observed immunostaining appears to be associated with cellular aggregates in multiple small localized foci. In virus-infected tissue, those aggregates that display strong and moderate immunoreactivity clearly indicate HH1 immunoreactivity beyond the nuclei and possibly release for dissemination. These results suggest that high tissue damage, through even relatively common viral infections involving the avian humoral immune system, could activate extranuclear and extracellular HH1 release.
Long-Term Potentiation in Hippocampus Involves Sequential Activation of Soluble Guanylate Cyclase, cGMP-Dependent Protein Kinase, and cGMP-Degrading Phosphodiesterase (2002)

Previous studies indicate that cGMP is involved in long-term potentiation (LTP). However, the effects of application of tetanus to induce LTP on cGMP content and the mechanisms by which cGMP may modulate LTP have not been reported. The aim of this work was to study the time course of the changes in cGMP content and of the activity of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) (the enzyme that synthesizes cGMP) during LTP. Moreover, we also studied how the changes in cGMP affect cGMPdependent protein kinase (PKG) and cGMP-degrading phosphodiesterase and the possible role of these changes in LTP. Application of tetanus induced a rise in cGMP, reaching a maximum 10 sec after tetanus. cGMP content decreased below basal levels 5 min after tetanus and remained decreased after 60 min. Activity of sGC increased 5 min after tetanus and returned to basal at 60 min. Tetanus increased the activity of cGMP-degrading phosphodiesterase at 5 and 60 min. GMP, the product of degradation, was increased at 5 and 60 min. Activation of phosphodiesterase and a decrease in cGMP were prevented by inhibiting PKG with Rp-8-bromoguanosine-cGMPS (Rp-8-Br-cGMPS). Inhibition of sGC [with ODQ (oxadiazolo quinoxalin-1-one) or NS 2028 (4H-8-bromo-1,2,4-oxadiazolo(3,4d)benz(b) (1,4)oxazin-1-one)], of PKG (with Rp-8-Br-cGMPS), or of cGMP-degrading phosphodiesterase [with zaprinast or MBAM (4-{[3,4-(methylenedioxy)benzyl]amino}-6-methoxyquinazoline) ] impairs LTP. The results indicate that induction of LTP involves transient activation of sGC and an increase in cGMP, followed by activation of cGMP-dependent protein kinase, which, in turn, activates cGMP-degrading phosphodiesterase, resulting in longlasting reduction of cGMP content.
An Efficient Synthesis of (R)-2-Butyl-3-hydroxypropionic Acid (2006)

An efficient synthesis of (R)-2-butyl-3-hydroxypropionic acid (1) via a classical resolution of (±)-2-butyl-3-hydroxypropionic acid (7) with (R)-α-methylbenzylamine is described. (±)-2-Butyl-3-hydroxypropionic acid (7) was readily available from diethyl butylmalonate (2) in two steps. Results on the enantioselective enzymatic hydrolysis of 2 with pig liver esterase and α-chymotrypsin towards 1 are also described.
Autophagy Controls an Intrinsic Host Defense to Bacteria by Promoting Epithelial Cell Survival: A Murine Model (2013)

Cell death is a critical host response to regulate the fate of bacterial infections, innate immune responses, and ultimately, disease outcome. Shigella spp. invade and colonize gut epithelium in human and nonhuman primates but adult mice are naturally resistant to intra-gastric Shigella infection. In this study, however, we found Shigella could invade the terminal ileum of the mouse small intestine by 1 hour after infection and be rapidly cleared within 24 h. These early phase events occurred shortly after oral infection resulting in epithelial shedding, degranulation of Paneth cells, and cell death in the intestine. During this process, autophagy proceeded without any signs of inflammation. In contrast, blocking autophagy in epithelial cells enhanced host cell death, leading to tissue destruction and to inflammation, suggesting that autophagic flow relieves cellular stress associated with host cell death and inflammation. Herein we propose a new concept of "epithelial barrier turnover" as a general intrinsic host defense mechanism that increases survival of host cells and inhibits inflammation against enteric bacterial infections, which is regulated by autophagy.
Convolution-Based Fast Thermal Model for 3-D-ICs: Transient Experimental Validation (2017)

In this paper, the transient experimental validation of the convolution-based fast thermal model (FTM) for 3-D integrated circuits is presented. The methodology is proven to be applicable to analyze the temperature evolution of real devices. A low-power package configuration with two different power dissipation scenarios, hotspot (HS) in the corner and HS in the center of the active region, has been considered for the validation. In this way, the importance of the package thermal impact on the definition of the final temperature profiles is highlighted. The error between the measurement and the FTM results remains always below 2.3 °C/W. Moreover, the model has been validated with respect to case studies concerning duty cycles of different durations. This proves the applicability of the model in defining the allowed duration of the chip activity before a maximum threshold temperature is reached. Finally, in this paper, the possibility to use a variable time-step approach in the transient FTM is presented together with the option of computing the temperature in individual points only. This is possible maintaining the same accuracy as if the fully resolved temperature maps would be calculated.
Fullerene Adlayers on Various Single-Crystal Metal Surfaces Prepared by Transfer from L Films (2004)

Fullerene adlayers prepared by the simple Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) method onto various well-defined single-crystal metal surfaces were investigated by in situ scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The surface morphologies of fullerene adsorbed onto metal surfaces depended largely on the adsorbate-substrate interactions, which are governed by the types of surfaces. Too weak adsorption of C60 molecules onto iodine-modified Au(111) (I/Au(111)) allows surface migration of the molecules, and then, STM cannot visualize the C60 molecules. Stronger and appropriate adsorption onto bare Au(111) leads to highly ordered arrays relatively easily due to the limited surface migration of C60. On iodine-modified Pt(111) (I/Pt(111)) and bare Pt(111) surfaces, which have stronger adsorption, randomly adsorbed molecular adlayers were observed. Although C60 molecules on Au(111) were visualized as a featureless ball due to the maintenance of the rapid rotational motion (perturbation) of C60 on the surface at room temperature, those on I/Pt(111) revealed the intramolecular structures, thus indicating that the perturbation motion of molecules on the surface was prohibited.
Updated Outcomes from the Historical Control Study SCHOLAR-3 Contextualizing ZUMA-3 Results of Brexucabtagene Autoleucel (KTE-X19) in Adult Patients with Relapsed or Refractory B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (R/R B-ALL) (2022)

International audience
Barge-in-able robot audition based on ICA and missing feature theory under semi-blind situation (2008)

This paper describes a robot audition system that allows the user to barge-in; that is, the user can speak simultaneously when the robot is speaking. Our ldquobarge-in-ablerdquo system consists of two stages: (1) cancellation of robot speech and (2) recognition of the separated user speech under the ldquosemi-blind situationrdquo. The semi-blind situation is where a robotpsilas speech signal is known but a userpsilas speech signal is not. The first stage is achieved by using an adaptive filter based on time-frequency domain Independent Component Analysis, because that can separate robot speech more robustly against noise than conventional echo cancellers. To improve performance in online processing, we utilized known source normalization and the exponentially weighted stepsize method. The second stage is achieved by automatic speech recognition (ASR) based on the missing feature theory which provides robust recognition by exploiting the reliability of speech features distorted due to noise and/or separation. The semi-blind situation simplifies the estimation of such reliabilities. Experiments demonstrated that our system improved word correctness of ASR by 10.0%.
What do we know about how humans choose grey levels for images? (2010)

From cave paintings that are more than 32000 years old to the work of current artists using charcoal or pastels humans have used different levels of a single colour (e.g. greyscales) to portray the colourful world that surrounds us. The aim of this study was to investigate how we construct these monochromatic images; do we choose the same relative order of grey levels as other people? How does image content and contrast influence our grey settings? For this purpose, we presented, on a calibrated CRT, 5 simplified cartoon-type colourful images. These images where shown in 4 different versions: two where the content of image was recognisable (one with added black outline around each object, the other without). In the other two versions each pixel in an image was grouped with other pixels of the same colour into rectangular areas in a way that made the content of image abstract while preserving the area taken up by a particular colour. One of these versions had a black outline around each colour area; the other did not. Six naïve, colour normal observers used a digital ‘re-colouring tool’ to create greyscales version of the randomly presented colour images. Preliminary analyses of participants' settings for different version of the images indicate that the addition of black outlines does not seem to affect chosen grey levels. More surprisingly, the change in content from a recognisable scene to abstract rectangles also seems to leave grey levels un-changed. Although each individual's absolute settings were different, the overall ranking was largely preserved across participants for a given image. For our chosen set of test images, the most influential factor driving grey settings was the perceived lightness of the coloured patch, not image content or contrast.
Equivalent circuit model and reflection phase control methods for dual-band AMC (2011)

A dual-band artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) composed of dual-layer mushroom type unit cells is researched. The dual-band AMC is composed of two capacitive metallic patch layers and via-holes connecting them to the ground plane. The equivalent circuit model of the dual-band AMC is proposed and the reflection phases calculated using the model is compared with full-wave simulation results for its validation. To overcome the limitations of the conventional reflection phase control methods such as changing the gap between the patches and varying the thickness of the substrates, the methods of adding multiple via-holes to either the lower or the upper substrates, or to both of them are proposed. The various results with different distance between the added multiple via-holes and the via-hole at the center of the patch are presented and show that the proposed methods can be used to control the reflection phase of the dual-band AMC more freely, which is expected to be useful for both dual-band AMC and electromagnetic gradient surface (EGS) designs.
Pituitary adenoma and phaeochromocytoma/paraganglioma - a novel syndrome with a heterogeneous genetic background (2013)

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences in endocrinology ISSN 1470-3947 (print) | ISSN 1479-6848 (online)