gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Two‐Dimensional Nanocrystals: Two‐Dimensional Nanocrystals Produced by Exfoliation of Ti3AlC2 (Adv. Mater. 37/2011) (2011)

The cover shows a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image of graphene-like crystals of Ti3C2 called MXene. On page 4248 Yury Gogotsi, Michel W. Barsoum, and co-workers describe the exfoliation of Ti3AlC2, a member of a 60+ group of layered ternary carbides and nitrides known as MAX phases, by etching the aluminum out in HF. This approach can be used to synthesize other 2D carbides and nitrides. Colored SEM image by Babak Anasori, Drexel University.
3D knee segmentation based on three MRI sequences from different planes (2016)

In clinical practice, knee MRI sequences with 3.5~5 mm slice distance in sagittal, coronal, and axial planes are often requested for the knee examination since its acquisition is faster than high-resolution MRI sequence in a single plane, thereby reducing the probability of motion artifact. In order to take advantage of the three sequences from different planes, a 3D segmentation method based on the combination of three knee models obtained from the three sequences is proposed in this paper. In the method, the sub-segmentation is respectively performed with sagittal, coronal, and axial MRI sequence in the image coordinate system. With each sequence, an initial knee model is hierarchically deformed, and then the three deformed models are mapped to reference coordinate system defined by the DICOM standard and combined to obtain a patient-specific model. The experimental results verified that the three sub-segmentation results can complement each other, and their integration can compensate for the insufficiency of boundary information caused by 3.5~5 mm gap between consecutive slices. Therefore, the obtained patient-specific model is substantially more accurate than each sub-segmentation results.
Scalable fast-Fourier-transform-based (FFT-based) integrated optical neural network for compact and energy-efficient deep learning (2021)

This Conference Presentation, “Scalable fast-Fourier-transform-based (FFT-based) integrated optical neural network for compact and energy-efficient deep learning,” was recorded for the Photonics West 2021 Digital Forum.
Supercritical fluids and materials: from design to end of life (2016)

Invited talk
Supplementary Data from The Putative Tumor Suppressor microRNA-101 Modulates the Cancer Epigenome by Repressing the Polycomb Group Protein EZH2 (2023)

Supplementary Data from The Putative Tumor Suppressor microRNA-101 Modulates the Cancer Epigenome by Repressing the Polycomb Group Protein EZH2
Implementation of SOG devices with embedded through-wafer silicon vias using a glass reflow process for wafer-level 3D MEMS integration (2008)

This study presents a novel system architecture to implement SOG (Silicon-on-Glass) MEMS devices on Si-Glass compound substrate with embedded silicon vias. The silicon vias connecting to the pads of device are embedded inside the Pyrex glass. Parasitic capacitance for both vias and microstructures is decreased and mismatch of coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) is reduced. In applications, the glass reflow process together with the SOG micromachining processes were employed to implement the presented concept. Successfully driving of resonator through the silicon vias is demonstrated. The wafer-level hermetic packaging can be further achieved by anodic bonding of a Pyrex7740 wafer. Hermeticity of the packaging device which performed by Helium leak test satisfied the MIL-STD-883E. The packaged SOG device is SMT (Surface Mount Technology) compatible and ready for 3D microsystem integration.
Glycoblotting-Assisted O-Glycomics: Ammonium Carbamate Allows for Highly Efficient O-Glycan Release from Glycoproteins (2010)

Glycoblotting, high throughput method for N-glycan enrichment analysis based on the specific chemical ligation between aminooxy/hydrazide-polymers/solids and reducing N-glycans released from whole serum and cellular glycoproteins, was proved to be feasible for selective enrichment analysis of O-glycans of common (mucin) glycoproteins. We established a standard protocol of glycoblotting-based O-glycomics in combination with nonenzymatic chemical treatment to release reducing O-glycans predominantly from various glycoprotein samples. It was demonstrated that the nonreductive condition employing a simple ammonium salt, ammonium carbamate, made glycoblotting-based enrichment analysis of O-glycans possible without significant loss or unfavorable side reactions. A general workflow of glycoblotting using a hydrazide bead (BlotGlyco H), on-bead chemical manipulations, and subsequent mass spectrometry allowed for rapid O-glycomics of human milk osteopontin (OPN) and urinary MUC1 glycoproteins purified from healthy donors in a quantitative manner. It was revealed that structures of O-glycans in human milk OPN were varied with habitual fucosylation and N-acetyllactosamine units. It was also suggested that purified human urinary MUC1 was modified preferentially by sialylated O-glycans (94% of total) with 7:3 ratio of core 1 to core 2 type O-glycans. Versatility of the present strategy is evident because this method was proved to be suited for the enrichment analysis of general biological and clinical samples such as human serum and urine, cultured human cancer cells, and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections. It is our belief that the present protocols would greatly accelerate discovery of disease-relevant O-glycans as potential biomarkers.
Characteristics of argon-ion-implanted amorphous-InGaZnO (2021)

We investigated electron transport properties of an argon ion (Ar+) implanted a-IGZO film on glass by Hall measurement combined with wet etching. As a result, we obtained concentration and mobility of electron as a function of depth in the a-IGZO from the surface, and high concentration area in depth distributed deeper compared with one of the argon plasma treated a-IGZO. In addition, we estimated the implanted Ar atom and oxygen vacancy depth-profiles in the a-IGZO. We confirmed Ar stopping powers of a-IGZO and the donor level of 0.05-0.1 eV below bottom of conduction band energy, which can be applied to resistance control technique for a-IGZO device processes.
A 0.4-V UWB baseband processor (2007)

A 0.4-V UWB digital baseband processor has been fabricated in a standard-VT 90-nm CMOS technology. The base-band processor operates at an ultra-low supply voltage to reduce energy consumption and utilizes a highly parallelized architecture to meet throughput constraints. While ultra-low voltage operation is usually limited to low energy, low performance applications, this work examines how it can be applied to low energy, high performance applications. Measured results for a 20-pJ/bit 100-Mbps UWB baseband processor are presented. Architectural techniques and design methodologies for reducing additional complexity due to parallelism are discussed.
Fabrication of elastomeric scaffolds with curvilinear fibrous structures for heart valve leaflet engineering (2015)

Native semi-lunar heart valves are composed of a dense fibrous network that generally follows a curvilinear path along the width of the leaflet. Recent models of engineered valve leaflets have predicted that such curvilinear fiber orientations would homogenize the strain field and reduce stress concentrations at the commissure. In the present work, a method was developed to reproduce this curvilinear fiber alignment in electrospun scaffolds by varying the geometry of the collecting mandrel. Elastomeric poly(ester urethane)urea was electrospun onto rotating conical mandrels of varying angles to produce fibrous scaffolds where the angle of fiber alignment varied linearly over scaffold length. By matching the radius of the conical mandrel to the radius of curvature for the native pulmonary valve, the electrospun constructs exhibited a curvilinear fiber structure similar to the native leaflet. Moreover, the constructs had local mechanical properties comparable to conventional scaffolds and native heart valves. In agreement with prior modeling results, it was found under quasi-static loading that curvilinear fiber microstructures reduced strain concentrations compared to scaffolds generated on a conventional cylindrical mandrels. Thus, this simple technique offers an attractive means for fabricating scaffolds where key microstructural features of the native leaflet are imitated for heart valve tissue engineering.
A self-similar fractal radiation pattern synthesis technique for reconfigurable multiband arrays (2003)

A novel method for designing reconfigurable multiband linear and planar antenna arrays is presented. The technique is based on a generalized Fourier series synthesis approach that exploits the self-similarity of a specified fractal radiation pattern in order to achieve the desired multiband performance. The fractal radiation patterns are composed of scaled and shifted copies of an appropriately chosen generating window function that exhibits low sidelobe levels and rapid spectral rolloffs in the transform domain. A newly developed thinning algorithm is presented which may be employed to reduce considerably both the overall physical size and the total number of elements in a synthesized multiband array. Finally, a band-switching scheme is introduced that is well-suited for implementation in the form of a reconfigurable common aperture array.
2,7,11,16‐Tetra‐tert‐Butyl Tetraindenopyrene Revisited by an “Inverse” Synthetic Approach (2020)

A new synthetic route to tetraindenopyrene (TIP)-a bowl-shaped cut-out structure of C<sub>70</sub> -is reported. The key step in this approach is a fourfold palladium-catalyzed C-H activation that increases the yield more than 50 times in comparison to the approach originally described by Scott and co-workers. Besides examination of its optoelectronic properties and study of its aggregation in solution, TIP was also re-investigated by dispersion-corrected DFT methods, which showed that dispersion interactions significantly increase the bowl-to-bowl inversion barrier. Furthermore, TIP was used as a semiconductor in p-channel thin-film transistors (TFTs).
Overview of Mechanisms and Uses of Trichoderma spp. (2006)

ABSTRACT Fungi in the genus Trichoderma have been known since at least the 1920s for their ability to act as biocontrol agents against plant pathogens. Until recently, the principal mechanisms for control have been assumed to be those primarily acting upon the pathogens and included mycoparasitism, antibiosis, and competition for resources and space. Recent advances demonstrate that the effects of Trichoderma on plants, including induced systemic or localized resistance, are also very important. These fungi colonize the root epidermis and outer cortical layers and release bioactive molecules that cause walling off of the Trichoderma thallus. At the same time, the transcriptome and the proteome of plants are substantially altered. As a consequence, in addition to induction of pathways for resistance in plants, increased plant growth and nutrient uptake occur. However, at least in maize, the increased growth response is genotype specific, and some maize inbreds respond negatively to some strains. Trichoderma spp. are beginning to be used in reasonably large quantities in plant agriculture, both for disease control and yield increases. The studies of mycoparasitism also have demonstrated that these fungi produce a rich mixture of antifungal enzymes, including chitinases and beta-1,3 glucanases. These enzymes are synergistic with each other, with other antifungal enzymes, and with other materials. The genes encoding the enzymes appear useful for producing transgenic plants resistant to diseases and the enzymes themselves are beneficial for biological control and other processes.
Polyimide stress cushion for multichip glass-ceramic module packaging (2002)

The performance of the IBM glass ceramic-copper multilayer ceramic module (MLC) is significantly enhanced by a revolutionary set of packaging materials. Low dielectric constant cordierite glass ceramic (/spl epsiv/-5.0), co-sintered with high conductivity copper (/spl rho/-3.5 /spl mu//spl Omega/-cm), was developed and integrated into the high performance glass ceramic thermal conduction modules (TCM) used in the IBM System/390-Enterprise system/9000 series of mainframe computers. Low stress pin attach structures have been developed for the glass ceramic module. They include the multilayer thin film I/O pad, taper headed pin and polyimide-cushioned pin structure. All of the approaches were shown to reduce the pin joint stress significantly and, as a consequence, led to the construction of a robust pin joint that is fully compatible with the glass ceramic substrate.
New Predistorter Architecture for Hybrid Beamforming Transmitter (2020)

In this paper, we propose a novel subarray digital predistorter (DPD) with timely shared feedback for hybrid beamforming transmitters. This enables a set of power amplifiers (PAs) to be linearized with a single DPD. The output signal in the proposed DPD comprises the weighted combination of the inverse functions of the individual PAs from an array. Thus, the DPD output signal becomes simultaneously partially matched with all PAs. Computer simulation results demonstrate that better adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR) performances in the main beam direction can be achieved when all PAs have the same minimum ACLR level. In the proposed DPD, the ACLR level of an individual PA can be controlled by the weight selection in the DPD output signal. Thus, with the appropriate weight selection, all PAs in the array can have about the same minimum ACLR level. In contrast to current state-of-the-art solutions, the proposed DPD significantly reduces the complexity of hardware and power consumption, and can be easily extended for an arbitrary number of PAs in the subarray.
Growth Hormone Influence on the Morphology and Size of the Mouse Meibomian Gland (2016)

Purpose. We hypothesize that growth hormone (GH) plays a significant role in the regulation of the meibomian gland. To test our hypothesis, we examined the influence of GH on mouse meibomian gland structure. Methods. We studied four groups of mice, including (1) bovine (b) GH transgenic mice with excess GH; (2) GH receptor (R) antagonist (A) transgenic mice with decreased GH; (3) GHR knockout (-/-) mice with no GH activity; and (4) wild type (WT) control mice. After mouse sacrifice, eyelids were processed for morphological and image analyses. Results. Our results show striking structural changes in the GH-deficient animals. Many of the GHR-/- and GHA meibomian glands featured hyperkeratinized and thickened ducts, acini inserting into duct walls, and poorly differentiated acini. In contrast, the morphology of WT and bGH meibomian glands appeared similar. The sizes of meibomian glands of bGH mice were significantly larger and those of GHA and GHR-/- mice were significantly smaller than glands of WT mice. Conclusions. Our findings support our hypothesis that the GH/IGF-1 axis plays a significant role in the control of the meibomian gland. In addition, our data show that GH modulates the morphology and size of this tissue.
Determination of guided and leaky modes in lossless and lossy planar multilayer optical waveguides: reflection pole method and wavevector density method (1999)

Two numerical methods, the reflection pole method (RPM) and the wavevector density method (WDM), are introduced for determining the propagation constants of guided and leaky modes in lossless and lossy planar multilayer waveguides. These methods are based on the extraction of propagation constants from Lorentzian-type peaks of the reflection coefficient (RPM) or on the density of wavevectors of the structure (WDM). Furthermore, in the case of the RPM the propagation constants can be determined with the help of the phase variation of the denominator of the reflection coefficient in conjunction with an optimization procedure. Both methods are tested on numerically "challenging" multilayer waveguides such as a two-metal-layer waveguide, a multilayer lossy waveguide, and an ARROW waveguide. The results produced by both methods are in good agreement with other numerical techniques but are obtained without the need for solving a dispersion equation in the complex plane. In addition, an approximate but easily implementable method is proposed which verifies whether a cluster of radiation modes can be accurately represented by a single leaky mode.
<title>Explosive vapor detection via mid-infrared laser spectroscopy</title> (1998)

Accurate explosives detection would be an effective defense/deterrent against bomb attacks. Chemical vapor sensing has the potential to be both specific and sensitive. The work descried here involves the use of mid-IR laser spectroscopy to detect the presence of nitro-group based explosive vapors. Two different singly-resonant Silver Gallium Selenide OPOs were examined for use as the spectroscopy source: one was pumped with a 1.319 micrometers Nd:YAG laser, and the other was pumped by a 1.57 micrometers KTP/Nd:YAG OPO-laser. Both OPOs can be angle-tuned over wavebands of interest, producing coherent mid-IR idler output power at 5-8 micrometers , as well as near-IR outputs. Current results indicate that output energies of approximately 300 (mu) J in the mid-IR can be generated from 10 mJ of pump energy. The OPO outputs can be used to detect chemical vapors using a sample-reference absorbance experiment. Both OPO outputs are passed through a cell containing the vapor to be measured. The mid-IR output is attenuated by the strong absorption of the vapors, while the near-IR output, being unabsorbed, serves as a reference. The ratio measurement has a shot-noise limited accuracy better than one part per million absorbance.
Conformation as Therapeutic Target in the Prionoses and Other Neurodegenerative Conditions (2003)

Neurodegenerative conditions are increasing in prevalence as the average human life expectancy rises. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the fourth commonest cause of death in the United States; the recent outbreak of new variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (nvCJD) has raised the specter of a large population being at risk to develop this prionosis. The pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative diseases is now recognized to be associated with abnormalities of protein conformation. A common theme in these disorders is the conversion of a soluble normal precursor protein into an insoluble, aggregated, ?-sheet rich form that is toxic. In AD, a critical event is the conversion of the normal, soluble A? (sA?) peptide into fibrillar A?, within neuritic plaques and congophilic angiopathy (1). Similarly, in the prionoses, the central event is the conversion of the normal prion protein, PrPC, to PrPSc (2). An increased ?-sheet content characterizes both A? and PrPSc.
Configuration of Viral Ribonucleoprotein Complexes within the Influenza A Virion (2013)

The influenza A virus possesses an eight-segmented, negative-sense, single-stranded RNA genome (vRNA). Each vRNA segment binds to multiple copies of viral nucleoproteins and a small number of heterotrimeric polymerase complexes to form a rod-like ribonucleoprotein complex (RNP), which is essential for the transcription and replication of the vRNAs. However, how the RNPs are organized within the progeny virion is not fully understood. Here, by focusing on polymerase complexes, we analyzed the fine structure of purified RNPs and their configuration within virions by using various electron microscopies (EM). We confirmed that the individual RNPs possess a single polymerase complex at one end of the rod-like structure and that, as determined using immune EM, some RNPs are incorporated into budding virions with their polymerase-binding ends at the budding tip, whereas others align with their polymerase-binding ends at the bottom of the virion. These data further our understanding of influenza virus virion morphogenesis.
Metabolic and functional interplay between gut microbiota and fat-soluble vitamins (2020)

Gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem seen as an extension of human genome. It represents a major metabolic interface of interaction with food components and xenobiotics in the gastrointestinal (GI) environment. In this context, the advent of modern bacterial genome sequencing technology has enabled the identification of dietary nutrients as key determinants of gut microbial ecosystem able to modulate the host-microbiome symbiotic relationship and its effects on human health. This article provides a literature review on functional and molecular interactions between a specific group of lipids and essential nutrients, e.g., fat-soluble vitamins (FSVs), and the gut microbiota. A two-way relationship appears to emerge from the available literature with important effects on human metabolism, nutrition, GI physiology and immune function. First, FSV directly or indirectly modify the microbial composition involving for example immune system-mediated and/or metabolic mechanisms of bacterial growth or inhibition. Second, the gut microbiota influences at different levels the synthesis, metabolism and transport of FSV including their bioactive metabolites that are either introduced with the diet or released in the gut via entero-hepatic circulation. A better understanding of these interactions, and of their impact on intestinal and metabolic homeostasis, will be pivotal to design new and more efficient strategies of disease prevention and therapy, and personalized nutrition.
Trophic and Growth‐Regulating Mechanisms in the Central Nervous System Monitored by Intracerebral Neural Transplants (2007)

In vitro studies have demonstrated the presence of nerve growth factor (NGF) and other neurotrophic factors in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). This paper reviews a series of experiments in which the intracerebral neural grafting technique was used to monitor the in vivo expression of such neurotrophic factors and the changes induced by denervating lesions, with the hippocampal formation as a model. Neonatal or adult sympathetic ganglionic neurons, and fetal septal cholinergic neurons, were grafted into or adjacent to the hippocampal formation in adult rats, and the effect of removal of the major afferent inputs (i.e. the septal, commissural or entorhinal inputs) on neuronal survival and fibre outgrowth was assessed histochemically or biochemically. Damage to the septohippocampal (partly cholinergic) pathway had a dramatic effect on survival and fibre outgrowth from neonatal and adult sympathetic ganglionic neurons, and increased the survival of both cholinergic and noncholinergic neurons in the fetal septal grafts. These effects were specific for lesions of the septohippocampal system (fimbria-fornix transection or medial septal lesions), and were not seen after transection of the entorhinal perforant path or the commissural system. It is proposed that neurotrophic factors in the hippocampal formation are under some type of regulation from the afferent inputs, and that removal of the septal afferents, in particular, will increase the availability of NGF or an NGF-like factor from the denervated target. This mechanism may play a normal role in the induction and regulation or regeneration and compensatory collateral sprouting from the remaining afferents in partially denervated brain regions.
Supplementary Data and Legends from Inhibition of Mitochondrial Matrix Chaperones and Antiapoptotic Bcl-2 Family Proteins Empower Antitumor Therapeutic Responses (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figures and Tables: Legend&lt;/p&gt;