gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Near-real-time data transmission during the ICE - Comet Giacobini-Zinner encounter (1986)

The data links established between the U.S. and Europe during the September 1985 International Cometary Explorer/Comet Giacobini-Zinner encounter are summarized. The Space Physics Analysis Network (SPAN), which is a link between U.S. universities, research institutes and NASA centers, was responsible for the rapid dissemination and analysis of the data obtained from the encounter. The network was then linked across the Atlantic to support investigators involved in a European experiment on board the spacecraft. It is concluded that SPAN provided ESA personnel with a unique opportunity to experience near-real-time data acquisition. The data transfer was performed successfully, and the experience gained proved useful in assessing ESA's needs for future participation in scientific international networking.
T1 mapping performance and measurement repeatability: results from the multi-national T1 mapping standardization phantom program (T1MES) (2020)

The T1MES CE/FDA approved phantom is a robust quality assurance device. In a multi-center setting, T<sub>1</sub> mapping had performance differences between field strengths, sequences, scanner software versions, and manufacturers. However, several specific combinations of field strength, sequence, and scanner are highly repeatable, and thus, have potential to provide standardized assessment of T<sub>1</sub> times for clinical use, although temperature correction is required for native T<sub>1</sub> tubes at least.
Nerve growth factor receptor immunoreactivity in the rat septohippocampal pathway: A Light and electron microscope investigation (1991)

Nerve growth factor receptor immunoreactivity in the septohippocampal pathway of adult Fischer 344 rats was assessed at the light and electron microscope level. The medial septum possesses immunoreactive somata, dendrites, axons, and terminals. Immunostained somata are either bipolar or multipolar in appearance. Dendritic processes of immunoreactive septal neurons are categorized into two groups: proximal dendrites with smooth plasma membranes and distal dendrites with numerous swellings. Immunoreactive axons within the septum are long and slender and do not possess varicosities. At the electron microscope level, immunoreactivity is confined predominantly to the plasma membrane of cell bodies and dendrites of septal neurons, as well as to the plasma membrane of axons and terminals. Both immunoreactive and nonimmunoreactive terminals that contain clear, spherical vesicles are observed contacting immunoreactive dendrites and somata. Although accumulations of vesicles are evident within these terminals at sites of contact, distinct synaptic specializations are difficult to distinguish due to the localization of reaction product on the apposing plasma membranes. Axons possessing immunoreactivity are also observed in the fimbria-fornix pathway, a major source of afferent inputs to the hippocampus. Immunoreactive axons and terminals are topographically organized in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. The density of immunostained axons and terminals is highest immediately adjacent to the granular layer. In comparison, a moderate density of immunoreactive axons is found in the outer molecular layer and a weak density in the inner molecular, granular, and polymorphic layers. Immunoreactivity is found on the plasma membrane of small unmyelinated axons and terminals aggregated into clusters throughout the dentate gyrus. Definitive examples of axosomatic and axodendritic synapses possessing immunoreactivity presynaptically are not observed. Immunoreactive profiles within the medial septum and hippocampus also circumfuse a small number of intracerebral vessels. Ultrastructural examination reveals that immunoreactivity is present within a narrowed extension of the subarachnoid space and appears to be closely associated with the plasma membrane of leptomeningeal cell processes. The present study provides direct evidence for the cellular distribution of nerve growth factor receptor immunoreactivity in the medial septum and dentate gyrus in the adult rat and offers new insight into the ultrastructural localization of nerve growth factor receptor among septal cholinergic neurons and their efferent projections to the hippocampus.
Raman Spectroscopic Assessment of Myocardial Viability in Langendorff-Perfused Ischemic Rat Hearts (2021)

Spontaneous Raman spectroscopy, which senses changes in cellular contents of reduced cytochrome c, could be a powerful tool for label-free evaluation of ischemic hearts. However, undetermined is whether it is applicable to evaluation of myocardial viability in ischemic hearts. To address this issue, we investigated sequential changes in Raman spectra of the subepicardial myocardium in the Langendorff-perfused rat heart before and during ligation of the left coronary artery and its subsequent release and re-ligation. Under 532-nm wavelength excitation, the Raman peak intensity of reduced cytochrome c at 747 cm<sup>-1</sup> increased quickly after the coronary ligation, and reached a quasi-steady state within 30 min. Subsequent reperfusion of the heart after a short-term (30-min) ligation that simulates reversible conditions resulted in quick recovery of the peak intensity to the baseline. Further re-ligation resulted in resurgence of the peak intensity to nearly the identical value to the first ischemia value. In contrast, reperfusion after prolonged (120-min) ligation that assumes irreversible states resulted in incomplete recovery of the peak intensity, and re-ligation resulted in inadequate resurgence. Electron microscopic observations confirmed the spectral findings. Together, the Raman spectroscopic measurement for cytochrome c could be applicable to evaluation of viability of the ischemic myocardium without labeling.
Measurement of the inclusive isolated prompt photon cross section inppcollisions ats=7  TeVwith the ATLAS detector (2011)

A measurement of the cross section for the inclusive production of isolated prompt photons in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy ffiffi ffi s p 7 TeV is presented. The measurement covers the pseudorapidity ranges j j < 1:37 and 1:52 j j < 1:81 in the transverse energy range 15 E T < 100 GeV. The results are based on an integrated luminosity of 880 nb 1 , collected with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Photon candidates are identified by combining information from the calorimeters and from the inner tracker. Residual background in the selected sample is estimated from data based on the observed distribution of the transverse isolation energy in a narrow cone around the photon candidate. The results are compared to predictions from next-to-leading-order perturbative QCD calculations.
Near infrared-driven photoelectrochemical water splitting: Review and future prospects (2020)

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting supplies an environmentally friendly, sustainable approach to generating renewable hydrogen fuels. Oxides semiconductors, e.g. TiO2, BiVO4, and Fe2O3, have been widely developed as photoelectrodes to demonstrate the utility in PEC systems. Even though significant effort has been made to increase the PEC efficiency, these materials are still far from practical applications. The main issue of metal oxides is the wide bandgap energy that hinders effective photons harvesting from sunlight. In solar spectrum, over 40% of the energy is located in the near-infrared (NIR) region. Developing sophisticated PEC systems that can be driven by NIR illumination is therefore essential. This review gives a concise overview on PEC systems based on the use of NIR-driven photoelectrodes. Promising candidates as efficient yet practical NIR-responsive photoelectrodes are suggested and discussed. Future outlooks on the advancement of PEC water splitting are also proposed.
Wnt4 Enhances Murine Hematopoietic Progenitor Cell Expansion Through a Planar Cell Polarity-Like Pathway (2011)

Our results establish a functional role for non-canonical Wnt signaling in hematopoiesis through a pathway involving Wnt4, Fz6, Rac1 and Jnk kinases.
Design and Experimental Study of High-Speed Low-Flow-Rate Centrifugal Compressors. (1995)

This paper describes a design and experimental effort to develop small centrifugal compressors for aircraft air cycle cooling systems and small vapor compression refrigeration systems (20--100 tons). Efficiency improvements at 25% are desired over current designs. Although centrifugal compressors possess excellent performance at high flow rates, low-flow-rate compressors do not have acceptable performance when designed using current approaches. The new compressors must be designed to operate at a high rotating speed to retain efficiency. The emergence of the magnetic bearing provides the possibility of developing such compressors that run at speeds several times higher than current dominating speeds. Several low-flow-rate centrifugal compressors, featured with three-dimensional blades, have been designed, manufactured and tested in this study. An experimental investigation of compressor flow characteristics and efficiency has been conducted to explore a theory for mini-centrifugal compressors. The effects of the overall impeller configuration, number of blades, and the rotational speed on compressor flow curve and efficiency have been studied. Efficiencies as high as 84% were obtained. The experimental results indicate that the current theory can still be used as a guide, but further development for the design of mini-centrifugal compressors is required.
Recombinant spider silk-based bioinks (2017)

Bioinks, 3D cell culture systems which can be printed, are still in the early development stages. Currently, extensive research is going into designing printers to be more accommodating to bioinks, designing scaffolds with stiff materials as support structures for the often soft bioinks, and modifying the bioinks themselves. Recombinant spider silk proteins, a potential biomaterial component for bioinks, have high biocompatibility, can be processed into several morphologies and can be modified with cell adhesion motifs to enhance their bioactivity. In this work, thermally gelled hydrogels made from recombinant spider silk protein encapsulating mouse fibroblast cell line BALB/3T3 were prepared and characterized. The bioinks were evaluated for performance in vitro both before and after printing, and it was observed that unprinted bioinks provided a good platform for cell spreading and proliferation, while proliferation in printed scaffolds was prohibited. To improve the properties of the printed hydrogels, gelatin was given as an additive and thereby served indirectly as a plasticizer, improving the resolution of printed strands. Taken together, recombinant spider silk proteins and hydrogels made thereof show good potential as a bioink, warranting further development.
<title>High-resolution AMLCD for the electronic library system</title> (1994)

The Electronic Library System (ELS), is a proposed data resource for the cockpit which can provide the aircrew with a vast array of technical information on their aircraft and flight plan. This information includes, but is not limited to, approach plates, Jeppeson Charts, and aircraft technical manuals. Most of these data are appropriate for digitization at high resolution (300 spi). Xerox Corporation has developed a flat panel active matrix liquid crystal display, AMLCD, that is an excellent match to the ELS, due to its innovative and aggressive design.
Integrated 2D photonic crystal stack filter fabricated using nanoreplica molding (2010)

The design, fabrication, and characterization of an integrated 2D photonic crystal stack are described for application as optical filters with improved optical density and angle tolerance compared to single photonic crystal slabs. The 2D photonic crystals are designed as polarization independent reflectance filters with a narrow spectral bandwidth centered at lambda=532 nm by utilizing the guided mode resonance effect. Up to three photonic crystal layers are vertically stacked upon a single plastic substrate by using repeated nanoreplica molding process steps, with no alignment required between stacked layers. The photonic crystal stack filters achieve optical density of 2.24 with an angular tolerance of 14.8 degrees.
Quantitative autoradiographic studies of dopamine D3 receptors in rat cerebellum using [125I]S(−)5-OH-PIPAT (1997)

Recently, [125I]S(-)5-OH-PIPAT (5-hydroxy-2-(N-n-propyl-N-3'-iodo-2'-propenyl)amino-tetralin) was reported to be a selective radioiodinated ligand for dopamine D2-like receptors. This ligand displayed a high binding affinity (Kd = 0.3-0.4 nM) and an agonist binding profile to dopamine D2 and D3 receptors expressed in HEK293 cells and dopamine D4 receptors expressed in CHO cells. Herein, a series of studies to characterize D3 receptors in native tissues is presented. Based on studies of the distribution of receptor mRNA, D3, but not D2, receptors are present in the rat cerebellum. Quantitative autoradiographic experiments using [125I]S(-)5-OH-PIPAT to label molecular layers 9 and 10 of rat cerebellum were conducted. Saturation experiments demonstrated that [125I]S(-)5-OH-PIPAT bound with high affinity (Kd = 0.1 nM) to a low density (approximately 3 fmol/mg protein) of sites in molecular layers 9 and 10 of rat cerebellum. Increasing concentrations of Gpp(NH)p, but not ATP, decreased the specific binding of [125I]S(-)5-OH-PIPAT in rat cerebellum slices. In comparison studies, binding of [125I]NCQ298, a dopamine D2/D3 receptor antagonist, with a similar affinity (Kd = 0.2 nM) for D3 receptors as [125]S(-)5-OH-PIPAT, was not sensitive to Gpp(NH)p. Analysis of inhibition by S(-)5-OH-PIPAT of [125I]NCQ298 binding to rat cerebellum resulted in two-site binding with IC50 values of 0.07 nM and 6.0 nM. In the presence of GTP (300 microM), the data best fit a one-site model with an IC50 value of 1.6 nM. Agonists and antagonists inhibited the binding of [125I]S(-)5-OH-PIPAT in the cerebellum with a rank order of potency consistent with an interaction at D3 receptors. These results indicate that [125I]S(-)5-OH-PIPAT binds to D3 receptors in rat cerebellum. Furthermore, [125I]S(-)5-OH-PIPAT binds to GTP sensitive and GTP insensitive states of D3 receptors with distinctive high and low affinity states, respectively.
Impact of activating androgen receptor (AR) mutations on AR sensitivity to alternative ligands and response to ODM-208, a selective, first-in-class CYP11A1 inhibitor, in patients with advanced metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). (2022)

5057 Background: Activating AR mutations ensure a continued AR activation by non-androgen steroid ligands, e.g. progesterone and glucocorticoids. CYP11A1 is the only enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone, from which all steroid hormones (glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and sex steroids) are subsequently derived. ODM-208, an oral, selective inhibitor of CYP11A1, is being evaluated for safety and efficacy as a treatment of mCRPC in the ongoing CYPIDES phase I/II trial in men previously treated with both novel hormonal therapies and taxanes (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03436485). Preliminary phase 1 results were previously reported (Fizazi K et al., ASCO GU 2022). Here we confirm that the in-vitro sensitivity of common AR mutations to ODM-208 treatment is mirrored in patient response in CYPIDES phase 1. Methods: ODM-208 was administered at daily doses between 6-150 mg (phase 2 dose: 10 mg) with dexamethasone and fludrocortisone, resulting in maximal suppression in all measured steroids at all doses. AR ligand-binding domain (LBD) mutations (L702H, V716M, W742L, W742C, H875Y, F877L, T878A, T878S, M896T, M896V) were assessed using a BEAMing assay (Sysmex Inostics) from plasma circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) collected before the first dose of ODM-208. The activation of wild-type (wt) and LBD mutated AR with various ligands was also studied in vitro using a luciferase reporter assay in AR negative PC3 cells. Results: 17 of 44 patients had at least one AR activating mutation, the most frequent being L702H (n = 11), T878A (n = 10), and H875Y (n = 6). Eleven out of the 16 evaluable patients (68%) with an AR LBD mutation achieved ≥50% reduction in serum PSA compared with 2 out of the 24 evaluable patients (8%) without an AR LBD mutation (P &lt;.0001). The in vitro sensitivity of each of these common AR mutations to a variety of non-androgenic steroids will be presented, along with detailed PSA responses, duration of responses, and safety in mCRPC patients bearing the same mutations. Conclusions: AR activating mutations may permit continued hormone dependence in mCRPC, related to actions of non-androgenic steroid hormones. Treatment with ODM-208 blocked all steroid hormone production and resulted in frequent ≥50% PSA reductions in this group of heavily pretreated mCRPC pts with various AR LBD mutations, some being long-lasting. cfDNA AR mutations are a promising predictive biomarker for ODM-208 efficacy. Dexamethasone did not activate mutated ARs, supporting its selection for glucocorticoid replacement therapy in combination with ODM-208. Clinical trial information: NCT03436485.
A DNA-Compatible [3+2] Nitrone–Olefin Cycloaddition Suitable for DEL Syntheses (2018)

The limited scope of DNA-compatible chemistry restricts the types of chemical features that can be incorporated into DNA-encoded libraries (DELs). Here, a method to synthesize DNA-conjugated polycyclic isoxazolidines via a [3+2] nitrone–olefin cycloaddition is described. The reaction is compatible with many olefin-containing substrates and diverse N-alkylhydroxylamines. The ability to perform subsequent DNA ligation and PCR amplification was also confirmed. This methodology facilitates the synthesis of DELs containing topographically complex compounds with under-explored chemical features.
ChemInform Abstract: Applications of Combinatorial Technologies to Drug Discovery. Part 2. Combinatorial Organic Synthesis, Library Screening Strategies, and Future Directions (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ERK5 is involved in TCR‐induced apoptosis through the modification of Nur77 (2008)

Nur77 is a nuclear orphan steroid receptor that has been implicated in negative selection when immature T cells are strongly activated through interaction with self peptide-MHC complexes. The expression of Nur77 in thymocytes and T cell lines leads to apoptosis in a manner dependent on its transcriptional activity. It is well established that Nur77 function is negatively regulated by post-translational modification. Here we demonstrate that the MAPK-induced phosphorylation of Nur77 during T cell activation plays a critical role in the induction of apoptosis. Upon T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation, ERK5 (also known as big MAP kinase 1, BMK1), a member of the MAPK family, phosphorylates Nur77, leading to its transcriptional activation. In contrast, the activation of the ERK2 signaling pathway failed to activate Nur77 although ERK2 is also able to phosphorylate Nur77. Furthermore, the blockade of ERK5 signaling pathway suppressed TCR-induced cell death. These results indicate that ERK5 regulates Nur77 function through its phosphorylation.
Abstract 14992: Identification and Characterization of Orally Bio-Available Anti-Atherosclerosis Agents (2016)

Our goal is to develop a new drug to lower the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) by focusing on the regression and prevention of atherosclerosis. Although much progress has been made in the cont...
Human Legs Motion Estimation by using a Single Camera and a Planar Mirror (2010)

This paper presents a method to capture the posture of the human lower-limbs on the 3D space by using a single camera and a planar mirror. The system estimates the pose of the camera facing the mirror by using four coplanar IR markers attached on the planar mirror. After that, the training space is set up based on the relationship between the mirror and the camera. When a patient steps on the weight board, the system obtains relative position between patients' feet. The markers are attached on the sides of both legs, so that some markers are invisible from the camera due to the self-occlusion. The reflections of the markers on the mirror can partially resolve the above problem with a single camera system. The 3D positions of the markers are estimated by using the geometric information of the camera on the training space. Finally the system estimates and visualizes the posture and motion of the both legs based on the 3D marker positions.
Effects of Kinetin on Formation of Scopoletin and Scopolin in Tobacco Tissue Cultures (1982)

Journal Article Effects of Kinetin on Formation of Scopoletin and Scopolin in Tobacco Tissue Cultures Get access Fumitsugu Hino, Fumitsugu Hino Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Mitsuo Okazaki, Mitsuo Okazaki Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Yoshiharu Miura Yoshiharu Miura Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 46, Issue 9, 1 September 1982, Pages 2195–2202, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1982.10865418 Published: 01 September 1982 Article history Received: 28 May 1981 Published: 01 September 1982
Excitation energy deposition in central collisions of 40AMeVAr40withTh232 (1994)

Excitation energy depositions in the reactions of 40A MeV $^{40}\mathrm{Ar}$ with $^{232}\mathrm{Th}$ have been determined from measurements of neutron multiplicities in coincidence with mass identified heavy reaction products. For the most central collisions the derived excitation energies of 880 MeV are 200--300 MeV above previous estimates and in excellent agreement with momentum transfer systematics. Heavy evaporation residues are observed for these collisions indicating apparent dynamic delays in the fission channel of (1--5)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}20}$ s. While a massive-transfer simulation incorporating preequilibrium emission is in generally good agreement with the experimental results evidence is also found for strongly damped collisions.
Nonlinear pth root spectral magnitude scaling beamforming for clinical photoacoustic and ultrasound imaging (2020)

A recently introduced nonlinear <i>p</i>th root delay-and-sum (NL-<i>p</i>-DAS) beamforming (BF) technique for ultrasound (US) and photoacoustic (PA) imaging, achieving better spatial and contrast resolution compared to a conventional delay and sum (DAS) technique. While the method is advantageous for better resolution, it suffers from grainy speckles and dark areas in the image mainly due to the interference of non-sinusoidal functions. In this Letter, we introduce a modified NL-<i>p</i>-DAS technique called nonlinear <i>p</i>th root spectral magnitude scaling (NL-<i>p</i>-SMS), which performs the <i>p</i>th root on the spectral magnitude instead of the temporal amplitude. We evaluated the US and PA images of NL-<i>p</i>-SMS against those of NL-<i>p</i>-DAS by comparing the axial and lateral line profiles, contrasts, and contrast-to-noise ratios (CNRs) in both phantom and in vivo imaging studies with various <i>p</i> values. As a result, we found that the NL-<i>p</i>-SMS has better axial resolution and CNR than the NL-<i>p</i>-DAS, and reduces the grainy speckles and dark area artifacts. We believe that, with this enhanced performance, our proposed approach could be an advancement compared to the existing nonlinear BF algorithms.