gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Two-Year Body Composition Analyses of Long-Lived GHR Null Mice (2009)

Growth hormone receptor gene-disrupted (GHR-/-) mice exhibit increased life span and adipose tissue mass. Although this obese phenotype has been reported extensively for young adult male GHR-/- mice, data for females and for other ages in either gender are lacking. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate body composition longitudinally in both male and female GHR-/- mice. Results show that GHR-/- mice have a greater percent fat mass with no significant difference in absolute fat mass throughout life. Lean mass shows an opposite trend with percent lean mass not significantly different between genotypes but absolute mass reduced in GHR-/- mice. Differences in body composition are more pronounced in male than in female mice, and both genders of GHR-/- mice show specific enlargement of the subcutaneous adipose depot. Along with previously published data, these results suggest a consistent and intriguing protective effect of excess fat mass in the subcutaneous region.
Correction to: A microfluidic platform for continuous monitoring of dopamine homeostasis in dopaminergic cells (2019)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/s41378-019-0049-2.].
Two-photon Absorption in Single Crystals of Cyanine-like Dye (2010)

We report the two-photon absorption spectrum of single crystals of an asymmetric cyanine-like dye in comparison to its spectrum in solution. The 2PA peak magnitude is comparable to bulk semiconductors of similar absorption edge.
Aerosol Delivery From a Metered-Dose Inhaler During Mechanical Ventilation. An In Vitro Model (1996)

Successful bronchodilator therapy with a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) in intubated, mechanically ventilated patients requires adequate delivery of aerosol to the lower respiratory tract. We determined the effect of ventilator mode, inspiratory flow pattern, humidity, and spontaneous respiratory effort on albuterol delivery in a model of the trachea and bronchi. The model was ventilated through an endotracheal tube during controlled mechanical ventilation (CMV), assist control (AC), pressure support (PS), and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), separately with a dry and humidified ventilator circuit. Delivery of albuterol administered by a MDI and spacer on filter placed at the ends of the bronchi was measured by spectrophotometry (246 nm). Under dry conditions and with a frequency of 10 breaths/min, albuterol delivery with CMV (VT, 800 ml; 30.3 +/- 3.4%), AC (VT, 800 ml; 31.9 +/- 1.3%), PS 10 cm H2O (VT, 700 ml; 28.8 +/- 4.5%), or PS 20 cm H2O (VT, 800 ml; 30.9 +/- 1.8%) was lower than that observed with simulated spontaneous breaths with CPAP (VT, 800 ml; 39.2 +/- 1.4%) (p < 0.01 for all modes). Delivery was greater under dry (28.8 to 39%) than under humidified conditions (15.9 to 20.2%) (p < 0.005 in all modes). Albuterol delivery showed a linear correlation with both inspiratory time and duty cycle (r > 0.91). Lower respiratory tract delivery of aerosol from a MDI varied from 4.9 to 39.2%. We conclude that in addition to other known factors such as dose, type of spacer, and its position the technique of administering MDIs in mechanically ventilated patients markedly influences lower respiratory tract aerosol delivery.
Cycling of Volatile Organic Sulfur Compounds in Anaerobically Digested Biosolids and its Implications for Odors (2006)

The objectives of this research were to elucidate the mechanisms for production and degradation of volatile organic sulfur compounds (VOSCs), key odor causing compounds produced by biosolids. These compounds included methanethiol (MT), dimethyl sulfide (DMS), and dimethyl disulfide (DMDS). A series of experiments were used to probe various pathways hypothesized to produce and degrade these VOSCs. The production of MT was found to mainly occur from degradation of methionine and the methylation of hydrogen sulfide. DMS was formed through the methylation of MT. DMDS was formed by MT oxidation. All three of the VOSCs were readily degraded by methanogens and a cyclic pathway was proposed to describe the production and degradation of VOSCs. The research demonstrated that the main source of VOSCs was the biodegradation of protein within the biosolids and the results provided a framework for understanding the production of odor from anaerobically digested sludges before and after dewatering.
Chemical sensing via a low SWaP wearable spectrometer (2020)

The threat of exposure to toxic chemicals is of great concern. In order to provide a chemical situational awareness, we are developing a new type of chemical sensor based on a novel fabric spectrometer-based colorimetric chemical sensor that is low size, weight, and power (SWaP). We are exploring the key design principles for photonic transducers to enable a new approach to chemical threat sensing. The fabric spectrometer is based on a functional fiber platform in which the semiconductor-containing fiber is miniature in two dimensions and extendable in the third dimension (along the fiber length). By exploring fibers, and films that can be scaled to a fiber geometry, we will enable a new fiber-based chemical threat detector that can serve in textiles as well as other interesting form factors.
Social forces can impact the circadian clocks of cohabiting hamsters (2014)

A number of field and laboratory studies have shown that the social environment influences daily rhythms in numerous species. However, underlying mechanisms, including the circadian system's role, are not known. Obstacles to this research have been the inability to track and objectively analyse rhythms of individual animals housed together. Here, we employed temperature dataloggers to track individual body temperature rhythms of pairs of cohabiting male Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) in constant darkness and applied a continuous wavelet transform to determine the phase of rhythm onset before, during, and after cohabitation. Cohabitation altered the predicted trajectory of rhythm onsets in 34% of individuals, representing 58% of pairs, compared to 12% of hamsters single-housed as 'virtual pair' controls. Deviation from the predicted trajectory was by a change in circadian period (τ), which tended to be asymmetric-affecting one individual of the pair in nine of 11 affected pairs-with hints that dominance might play a role. These data implicate a change in the speed of the circadian clock as one mechanism whereby social factors can alter daily rhythms. Miniature dataloggers coupled with wavelet analyses should provide powerful tools for future studies investigating the principles and mechanisms mediating social influences on daily timing.
The promise and peril of chemical probes (2015)

Chemical probes are powerful reagents with increasing impacts on biomedical research. However, probes of poor quality or that are used incorrectly generate misleading results. To help address these shortcomings, we will create a community-driven wiki resource to improve quality and convey current best practice.
P4‐184: SENSITIVE SERUM/PLASMA NEUROFILAMENT LIGHT IMMUNOASSAY (2019)

Increased concentration of neurofilament light protein (NF-L) in CSF is a proven marker for neuronal injury. Obtaining a CSF sample is invasive; therefore measurement of this biomarker in blood would be preferred. However, use of blood is complicated by the extremely low NF-L concentrations and the presence of many potential assay interferents. Using a next generation assay format based on MULTI-ARRAY® technology, MSD developed and characterized an ultrasensitive immunoassay for NF-L in serum and plasma. Limit of blank (LOB) was determined by running 20 replicates of zero calibrator per plate and calculating the concentration corresponding to the average zero calibrator signal plus 2.5 standard deviations. Lower and upper limits of quantitation (LLOQ and ULOQ, respectively) were determined by running six plates on two days with four replicates per plate. LLOQ was defined as the lowest concentration with a total CV of 20% or less. The reference range in the normal population was established per CLSI EP28-A3c by testing serum samples from 80 apparently healthy individuals. Association of serum/plasma NF-L with neurocognitive status was evaluated by testing 120 samples from individuals with Alzheimer's, dementia, traumatic brain injury (TBI), or HIV with well-characterized neurocognitive status. The LOB, LLOQ, and ULOQ for the assay were 0.7 pg/mL, 3.4 pg/mL, and 1,700 pg/mL, respectively. Total CVs of four QC samples (15 plates, 5 days) were 8%–14%. Serum and plasma samples diluted linearly. NF-L concentrations in the reference (healthy) sample set (5th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 95th percentiles) were 10 pg/mL, 15 pg/mL, 19 pg/mL, 26 pg/mL, and 51 pg/mL, respectively. Median concentrations for mild and severe HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder samples were 35 pg/mL and 56 pg/mL. Median concentration in Alzheimer's, dementia, and TBI samples were 220 pg/mL, 154 pg/mL, and 135 pg/mL, respectively. Matched serum and plasma concentrations correlated well (R2 = 0.73). NF-L concentrations in the normal population correlated with age (p=0.03). The assay enables quantitation of low NF-L levels in serum and plasma samples and should prove useful for studying neuronal injury caused by diseases such as Alzheimer's or HIV.
Adenovirus-Mediated Interleukin-2 Production by Tumors Induces Growth of Cytotoxic Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes Against Human Renal Cell Carcinoma (1998)

Combination therapy with interleukin-2 (IL-2) and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) demonstrates significant clinical activity in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). To investigate whether local delivery of IL-2 via gene transfer is capable of improving the potency and efficacy of in vitro propagated TILs as compared with standard growth conditions [400 BRMP U (BU)/ml], a replication-deficient adenovirus expressing the human IL-2 gene under control of the cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter (Ad-IL-2) has been constructed in our laboratory. RCC-TIL cultures were initiated by directly infecting RCC tumor suspension with Ad-IL-2 at a multiplicity of infection of 10:1. Subsequently the TIL cultures were restimulated with nonirradiated autologous RCC infected with Ad-IL-2 (RCC-Ad-IL-2) every 10 days (TIL/tumor = 50:1). Cell growth, phenotype, cytotoxicity, and cytokine messenger RNA (mRNA) expression were analyzed and compared with TIL growth stimulated with exogenous IL-2 (400 BU/ml). All five TILs tested responded to RCC-Ad-IL-2 activation, and a completed clearance of tumor cells was observed in cultures within 7-10 days. Lysis of nonirradiated RCC-Ad-IL-2 cells by TILs also was observed in cultures 3-5 days after restimulation. The IL-2 concentration in cell culture supernatants was maintained between 10 BU and 35 BU/ml (2 and 7 ng/ml), respectively. When compared with exogenous IL-2, RCC-Ad-IL-2 induced less growth expansion of TILs whereas a reduced CD56+ (23 +/- 14% vs. 44 +/- 13%; p < 0.05) but increased CD3+CD4+ cell population (32 +/- 11% vs. 15 +/- 6%; p < 0.05) with enhanced T cell-receptor use (59 +/- 10% vs. 42 +/- 7%; p < 0.005) was determined. An augmented human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-restricted and tumor-specific cytotoxicity was detected in RCC-Ad-IL-2-expanded TILs (day 35, 15.3 +/- 4.2 LU vs. 4.6 +/- 1.8 LU; p < 0.005). These properties were mediated by the CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell populations, as demonstrated by antibody-blocking assays. A unique cytokine profile also was detected in RCC-Ad-IL-2-induced TILs, which demonstrated an upregulation of both GM-CSF and IL-6 mRNA as compared with TILs expanded in the presence of exogenous IL-2. These data suggest that RCC-Ad-IL-2 is a potent immune stimulant that can be used in vitro as an immunogen to propagate cytotoxic RCC-TILs for adoptive immunotherapy or potentially in vivo by direct injection as a live tumor vaccine.
Processes and catalysts for reforming of impure methane-containing feeds (2023)

Processes and catalysts for producing hydrogen by reforming methane are disclosed, which afford considerable flexibility in terms of the quality of the reformer feed. This can be attributed to the robustness of the noble metal-containing catalysts described herein for use in reforming, such that a number of components commonly present in methane-containing process streams can advantageously be maintained without conventional upgrading (pretreating) steps, thereby improving process economics. This also allows for the reforming of impure reformer feeds, even in relatively small quantities, which may be characterized as complex gas mixtures due to significant quantities of non-methane components. A representative reforming catalyst comprises 1 wt-% Pt and 1 wt-% Rh as noble metals, on a cerium oxide support.
Onset of Immune Senescence Defined by Unbiased Pyrosequencing of Human Immunoglobulin mRNA Repertoires (2012)

The immune system protects us from foreign substances or pathogens by generating specific antibodies. The variety of immunoglobulin (Ig) paratopes for antigen recognition is a result of the V(D)J rearrangement mechanism, while a fast and efficient immune response is mediated by specific immunoglobulin isotypes obtained through class switch recombination (CSR). To get a better understanding on how antibody-based immune protection works and how it changes with age, the interdependency between these two parameters need to be addressed. Here, we have performed an in depth analysis of antibody repertoires of 14 healthy donors representing different gender and age groups. For this task, we developed a unique pyrosequencing approach, which is able to monitor the expression levels of all immunoglobulin V(D)J recombinations of all isotypes including subtypes in an unbiased and quantitative manner. Our results show that donors have individual immunoglobulin repertoires and cannot be clustered according to V(D)J recombination patterns, neither by age nor gender. However, after incorporating isotype-specific analysis and considering CSR information into hierarchical clustering the situation changes. For the first time the donors cluster according to age and separate into young adults and elderly donors (>50). As a direct consequence, this clustering defines the onset of immune senescence at the age of fifty and beyond. The observed age-dependent reduction of CSR ability proposes a feasible explanation why reduced efficacy of vaccination is seen in the elderly and implies that novel vaccine strategies for the elderly should include the "Golden Agers".
Multiple Binding Reactivities of an IgG1 Mouse Monoclonal Antibody Raised Against the Extracellular Matrix Glycoprotein Gp 115 (1987)

An IgG1 mouse monoclonal antibody that recognized five different polypeptides from chick and man is described. The antibody was raised against the elastin associated chick glycoprotein gp 115. In addition to the immunizing antigen, antibody 106D6 bound to chick smooth muscle cell myosin and to the alpha, beta and gamma chains of human fibrinogen. Cross reaction was demonstrated by radioimmunobinding, immunofluorescence and immunoblotting experiments. The immunoblotting assays were carried out using identical amounts of the various antigens to exclude the possibility that relevant quantitative differences in their concentration might result in non-specific binding.
Fast 3D field evaluation using non-central interpolation over spherical non-uniform grids (2008)

A multilevel non-uniform grid (MLNG) algorithm is used for acceleration of iterative integral equation based analysis of scattering from arbitrary shaped large bodies. The acceleration is achieved by replacing the matrix-vector products performed by an iterative method of moments (MoM) solver by an equivalent fast field evaluation via the MLNG algorithm. The MLNG field evaluation scheme is based on recursive domain decomposition, field sampling over coarse non-uniform grids, and interpolation. Inherently geometrically adaptive, it has been proved to lower 3D field evaluation computational complexity and memory requirements from O(N <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) (N being the number of unknowns) to O(NlogN). Applied for acceleration of an MoM iterative solver for scattering problems, the MLNG is not affecting the number of iterations needed for convergence for quasi-planar, elongated, and full 3D problems.
Pharmacological Inhibition of Toll-Like Receptor-4 Signaling by TAK242 Prevents and Induces Regression of Experimental Organ Fibrosis (2020)

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a poorly understood heterogeneous condition with progressive multi-organ fibrosis. Recent genetic and genomic evidence suggest a pathogenic role for dysregulated innate immunity and toll-like receptor (TLR) activity in SSc. Levels of both TLR4, as well as certain endogenous TLR ligands, are elevated in skin and lung tissues from patients with SSc and correlate with clinical disease parameters. Conversely, genetic targeting of TLR4 or its endogenous "damageassociated" ligands ameliorates progressive tissue fibrosis. Targeting TLR4 signaling therefore represents a pharmacological strategy to prevent intractable fibrosis. We examined the effect of TAK242, a small molecule TLR4 inhibitor, in preclinical fibrosis models and in SSc fibroblasts. TAK242 treatment prevented, promoted regression of, bleomycin-induced dermal and pulmonary fibrosis, and reduced the expression of several pro-fibrotic mediators. Furthermore, TAK242 ameliorated peritoneal fibrosis and reduced spontaneous hypodermal thickness in TSK/+ mice. Importantly, TAK242 abrogated collagen synthesis and myofibroblasts differentiation in explanted constitutively active SSc fibroblast. Altogether, these findings identify TAK242 as an anti-fibrotic agent in preclinical models of organ fibrosis. TAK242 might potentially represent a novel strategy for the treatment of SSc and other fibrotic diseases.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Thermal Stability of O‐Vinylketoximes. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Light Trapping: Light Trapping in Ultrathin Monocrystalline Silicon Solar Cells (Adv. Energy Mater. 11/2013) (2013)

On page 1401, Debashis Chanda, John A. Rogers, and co-workers report ultrathin (3 μm) singlecrystalline silicon solar cells with electromagnetically optimized light-trapping schemes that offer greatly enhanced absorption and corresponding improvements in efficiency of cell performance. Optically optimized cells of this type yield energy conversion efficiencies that are ≈190% higher compared to otherwise identical cells that do not exploit light trapping features, and an efficiency of 8.5% is recorded in this ultrathin film geometry
ChemInform Abstract: Gold Catalysis for Hydrogenation Reactions (2015)

Abstract Review: 220 refs.
ICONE15-10580 DEVELOPMENT OF HOT WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM FOR A SMALL DISTRICT HEATING REACTOR (2007)

On the earth, there are many environmental problems. For example, rapid increase of world population causes the enormous consumption of fossil fuel and emission of CO_2 into the global air. Now, mankaind faced to deal with these serious problems. One solution for these problems is utilization of nuclear reactors. Currently, about 65% of thermal output of a nuclear reactor is thrown away to the sea or the atmosphere through a turbine condenser. When a hot-water pipeline from a nuclear plant will be constructed, the exhaust heat from nuclear reactor will able to be utilized. Therefore, authors began to study nuclear power plant system for district heating. This reactor is based on a PWR plant. Its thermal output is 10MWth and its electrical output is 3.4MW. The nuclear plant supply electricity and heat for 2000 to 3000 houses. The plant aim to supply all the energy for the adjacent pepole's life, for example, heat, electricity and hydrogen for fuel battery car. This total-energy supply system assumed to be built in Northern area such as Hokkaido in Japan. In order to develop an optimum thermal design method for the system, heat transport experiments and thermal-hydraulic calculations were carried out. Using a metal pipe covered with foam-polyurethane thermal insulator, feed-water temperature and return-water temperature was measured to evaluate heat loss. As the result, the heat loss from the hot-water temperature was very little. The thermal-hydraulic calculation method was verified and applied to actual pipeline size calculation. The result of heat loss calculation will be 0.2℃ /5km. considering these results, the best pipe specification was obtained.
Complaint liquid metal electrodes for dielectric elastomer actuators (2014)

This work presents a liquid-phase metal electrode to be used with poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) for a dielectric elastomer actuator (DEA). DEAs are favorable for soft-matter applications where high efficiency and response times are desirable. A consistent challenge faced during the fabrication of these devices is the selection and deposition of electrode material. While numerous designs have been demonstrated with a variety of conductive elastomers and greases, these materials have significant and often intrinsic shortcomings, e.g. low conductivity, hysteresis, incapability of large deformations, and complex fabrication requirements. The liquid metal alloy eutectic Gallium-Indium (EGaIn) is a promising alternative to existing compliant electrodes, having both high conductivity and complete soft-matter functionality. The liquid electrode shares almost the same electrical conductivity as conventional metal wiring and provides no mechanical resistance to bending or stretching of the DEA. This research establishes a straightforward and effective method for quickly depositing EGaIn electrodes, which can be adapted for batch fabrication, and demonstrates the successful actuation of sample curved cantilever elastomer actuators using these electrodes. As with the vast majority of electrostatically actuated elastomer devices, the voltage requirements for these curved DEAs are still quite significant, though modifications to the fabrication process show some improved electrical properties. The ease and speed with which this method can be implemented suggests that the development of a more electronically efficient device is realistic and worthwhile.
Proteomics Computational Analyses Suggest that the Envelope Glycoproteins of Segmented Jingmen Flavi-Like Viruses Are Class II Viral Fusion Proteins (β-Penetrenes) with Mucin-Like Domains (2020)

Jingmen viruses are newly described segmented flavi-like viruses that have a worldwide distribution in ticks and have been associated with febrile illnesses in humans. Computational analyses were used to predict that Jingmen flavi-like virus glycoproteins have structural features of class II viral fusion proteins, including an ectodomain consisting of beta-sheets and short alpha-helices, a fusion peptide with interfacial hydrophobicity and a three-domain architecture. Jingmen flavi-like virus glycoproteins have a sequence enriched in serine, threonine, and proline at the amino terminus, which is a feature of mucin-like domains. Several of the serines and threonines are predicted be modified by the addition of O-linked glycans. Some of the glycoproteins are predicted to have an additional mucin-like domain located prior to the transmembrane anchor, whereas others are predicted to have a stem consisting of two alpha-helices. The flavivirus envelope protein and Jingmen flavi-virus glycoproteins may have diverged from a common class II precursor glycoprotein with a mucin-like domain or domains acquired after divergence.