gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dendrimeric Nanoparticles for Two‐Photon Photodynamic Therapy and Imaging: Synthesis, Photophysical Properties, Innocuousness in Daylight and Cytotoxicity under Two‐Photon Irradiation in the NIR (2019)

The synthesis and the photophysical properties of a new class of fully organic monodisperse nanoparticles for combined two-photon imaging and photodynamic therapy are described. The design of such nanoparticles is based on the covalent immobilization of a dedicated quadrupolar dye that combines excellent two-photon absorbing (2PA) properties, fluorescence and singlet oxygen generation ability, in a phosphorous-based dendrimeric architecture. First, a bifunctional quadrupolar dye bearing two different grafting moieties, a phenol function and an aldehyde function, was synthesized. It was then covalently grafted through its phenol function to a phosphorus-based dendrimer scaffold of generation 1. The remaining aldehyde functions were then used to continue the dendrimer synthesis up to generation 2, introducing finally 24 water-solubilizing triethyleneglycol chains at its periphery. A dendrimer confining 12 photoactive quadrupolar units in its inner scaffold and showing water solubility was thus obtained. Interestingly, the G1 and G2 dendrimers retain some fluorescence as well as significant singlet oxygen production efficiencies while they were found to show very high 2PA cross-sections in a broad range of the NIR biological spectral window. Hydrophilic dendrimer G2 was tested in vitro on breast cancer cells, first in one- and two-photon microscopy, which allowed for visualization of their cell internalization, then in two-photon photodynamic therapy. While being nontoxic in the dark and, more importantly, under exposure to daylight, dendrimer G2 proved to be a very efficient cell-death inducer only under two-photon irradiation in the NIR.
Four Novel Loci (19q13, 6q24, 12q24, and 5q14) Influence the Microcirculation In Vivo (2010)

There is increasing evidence that the microcirculation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Changes in retinal vascular caliber reflect early microvascular disease and predict incident cardiovascular events. We performed a genome-wide association study to identify genetic variants associated with retinal vascular caliber. We analyzed data from four population-based discovery cohorts with 15,358 unrelated Caucasian individuals, who are members of the Cohort for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology (CHARGE) consortium, and replicated findings in four independent Caucasian cohorts (n = 6,652). All participants had retinal photography and retinal arteriolar and venular caliber measured from computer software. In the discovery cohorts, 179 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) spread across five loci were significantly associated (p<5.0×10(-8)) with retinal venular caliber, but none showed association with arteriolar caliber. Collectively, these five loci explain 1.0%-3.2% of the variation in retinal venular caliber. Four out of these five loci were confirmed in independent replication samples. In the combined analyses, the top SNPs at each locus were: rs2287921 (19q13; p = 1.61×10(-25), within the RASIP1 locus), rs225717 (6q24; p = 1.25×10(-16), adjacent to the VTA1 and NMBR loci), rs10774625 (12q24; p = 2.15×10(-13), in the region of ATXN2,SH2B3 and PTPN11 loci), and rs17421627 (5q14; p = 7.32×10(-16), adjacent to the MEF2C locus). In two independent samples, locus 12q24 was also associated with coronary heart disease and hypertension. Our population-based genome-wide association study demonstrates four novel loci associated with retinal venular caliber, an endophenotype of the microcirculation associated with clinical cardiovascular disease. These data provide further insights into the contribution and biological mechanisms of microcirculatory changes that underlie cardiovascular disease.
Analytical Study of Dispersion of Stress Waves in a Weakly Coupled Layered System (1995)

Abstract Dispersion of transient stress waves in the first layer of a weakly coupled semi-infinite bi-layered system is carried out. Fourier transform inversions are performed analytically by making use of the fact that the weakly coupled system possesses small propagation zones (PZs) in the frequency domain. Low- and high-frequency asymptotic approximations to the transient waves are computed, taking into account frequency components of the transfer function in the first and second PZs, respectively. The derived analytic expressions are superpositions of non-oscillating terms and convolution integrals with decaying oscillatory kernels. Depending on the frequency and the amplitude of the convolution kernels, the dispersed waves overshoot or undershoot the applied impulsive excitation. This result is of significant practical importance in the design of layered systems as stress attenuators.
Clinical Effectiveness of Intermittent Infusion Hemodiafiltration Using Backfiltration of Ultrapure Dialysis Fluid Compared with Predilution On-Line Hemodiafiltration (2016)

A prospective, multicenter, parallel group comparative trial examined the clinical effectiveness of I-HDF compared with predilution on-line HDF (pre-HDF), the most popular on-line HDF therapy in Japan. Patients were allocated to 2 groups after matching for age (± 5 years), dry weight (± 5 kg), and presence/absence of diabetes. After informed consent was obtained, 36 patients (18 pairs) participated in the trial. The results showed no difference in clinical condition or quality of life (QOL) scores between the 2 therapy groups. The rate of reduction in systolic blood pressure initially showed no difference between the groups, but decreased slightly as the trial proceeded after changing from HD therapy. There was also no difference in the incidence rate of treatments initially, although this significantly decreased in both groups as the trial proceeded. Rates of β2-microglobulin removal were significantly higher in the pre-HDF group than in the I-HDF group. At the same time, the amount of albumin leakage during treatment was significantly greater in the pre-HDF group. Key Messages: The clinical condition and QOL of patients receiving I-HDF was not inferior to those receiving pre-HDF. Pre-HDF demonstrated a significantly higher removal rate of middle- and larger-molecular-weight solutes and higher albumin leakage compared with I-HDF.
Controlled Deep Reinforcement Learning for Optimized Slice Placement (2021)

We present a hybrid ML-heuristic approach that we name "Heuristically Assisted Deep Reinforcement Learning (HA-DRL)" to solve the problem of Network Slice Placement Optimization. The proposed approach leverages recent works on Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) for slice placement and Virtual Network Embedding (VNE) and uses a heuristic function to optimize the exploration of the action space by giving priority to reliable actions indicated by an efficient heuristic algorithm. The evaluation results show that the proposed HA-DRL algorithm can accelerate the learning of an efficient slice placement policy improving slice acceptance ratio when compared with state-of-the-art approaches that are based only on reinforcement learning.
Somatostatin Analogs Inhibit Somatostatin Release* (1979)

To determine if, like insulin, somatostatin inhibits its own secretion from the pancreas, nonimmunoreactive analogs of somatostatin were perfused in an isolated dog pancreaticoduodenal preparation using a nonrecirculating system. [D-Trp8-D-Cys14]somatostatin, at a concentration of 200 ng/ml, blocked the response of somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (SLI) to cholecystokinin and arginine. When perfusion of the analog was discontinued, SLI release increased. At a concentration of 0.1 ng/ml, des Asn5-[D-Trp8]somatostatin lowered SLI levels significantly without significantly reducing glucagon levels. At a concentration of 1 ng/ml, des Asn5-[D-Trp8]somatostatin significantly inhibited SLI as well as insulin and glucagon release. Perfusion of glucagon at a concentration of 10 ng/ml failed to overcome the blockade of SLI and insulin release caused by 50 ng/ml des Asn5-[D-Trp8]somatostatin. The results are compatible with a direct inhibitory effect of somatostatin analogs upon SLI release and raise the possibility of a self-inhibiting action of the native hormone.
PPARγ Agonist-Loaded PLGA-PEG Nanocarriers as a Potential Treatment for Alzheimer’s Disease: In vitro and in vivo Studies [Corrigendum] (2023)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S171490.].
Redox-Dependent Magnetic Alignment of Clostridium pasteurianum Rubredoxin:  Measurement of Magnetic Susceptibility Anisotropy and Prediction of Pseudocontact Shift Contributions (1999)

An analysis of the magnetic field dependence of one-bond couplings has yielded the magnetic susceptibility anisotropies for Clostridium pasteurianum rubredoxin (Rdx) in its oxidized Fe(III) and reduced Fe(II) states. Experimental one-bond 1HN−15N and 1Hα−13Cα couplings were measured at two field strengths (corresponding to 400 and 750 MHz 1H frequencies) and decomposed into their field-independent scalar (1J) and field-dependent dipolar (1D) components. The total numbers of measured dipolar couplings (1HN−15N plus 1Hα−13Cα) were 50 for oxidized Rdx and 49 for reduced Rdx. The atom pairs giving rise to these signals are located >11 Å from the iron; those closer to the iron are too broad to be resolved in two-dimensional NMR spectra and may exhibit large Fermi contact shifts. A five-dimensional grid search and Powell minimization of the difference between each set of measured dipolar couplings and those calculated from an X-ray crystal structure of Fe(III) Rdx yielded the magnitude and orientation of the magnetic susceptibility anisotropy in each oxidation state. (The data for Fe(II) Rdx were analyzed in terms of the X-ray structure for Fe(III) Rdx because no X-ray coordinates were available for the reduced rubredoxin. The assumption underlying this approximation, that the conformations of the oxidized and reduced rubredoxin are very similar in protein regions >11 Å from the iron, was validated by comparisons of experimental and calculated pseudocontact shifts.) The axial and rhombic magnetic susceptibility anisotropies were 5.3 × 10-28 and 2.1 × 10-28 cm3/molecule, respectively, for oxidized Rdx, and 20.3 × 10-28 and 9.7 × 10-28 cm3/molecule, respectively, for reduced Rdx. The derived susceptibility tensors were then used to calculate the pseudocontact contributions to the backbone 1Hα and 1HN chemical shifts of Rdx in the two oxidation states. Oxidation-state-dependent pseudocontact shifts were found to account fully (within experimental error) for the experimental chemical shift differences exhibited by these backbone signals. Thus, the results are consistent with the absence of appreciable conformational differences between Fe(III) Rdx and Fe(II) Rdx in the protein regions represented by the NMR data (>11 Å from the iron).
Metallorganische Verbindungen LVII1) Vergleich der Additionsrichtungen von tert.‐Butyl‐ und Isopropyl‐verbindungen des Magnesiums, Aluminiums und Lithiums an 1‐Alkene (1975)

Abstract Die Additionsrichtung von Tri‐tert.‐butylaluminium (l) , tert.‐Butylmagnesiumchlorid (4) , tert.‐Butyllithium (6) , Tri‐2‐propylaluminium (3) , 2‐Propylmagnesiumchlorid (5) und 2‐Propyllithium (7) an 1‐Octen (2) als typischem 1‐Alken wurde studiert. Während sich beide Lithiumverbindungen weitgehend regioselektiv unter (Metall‐an‐C‐1)‐Addition anlagern, beobachtet man mit Tri‐2‐propylaluminium (3) (Metall‐an‐C‐1)‐ und (Metall‐an‐C‐2)‐Addition im Verhältnis 38: 62. Bei der Reaktion von 2‐Propylmagnesiumchlorid (5) mit I‐Octen (2) überwiegt die (Metall‐an‐C‐Z)‐Addition mit einem Anteil von 85%. Bei den tert.‐Butylverbindungen des Magnesium (4) und Aluminiums (1) wird nahezu ausschließlich (Metall‐an‐C‐2)‐Addition beobachtet. Wegen verschiedener Parallelreaktionen sind die Ausbeuten an Additionsprodukt in allen Fällen nur mäßig. ‐ Die Struktur der Reaktionsprodukte wurde über die Identifizierung der bei Hydrolyse entstehenden Kohlenwasserstoffe aufgeklärt. Tert.‐Butyllithium (6) addiert sich zwischen 75 und 90°C auch an Propen (22) fast ausschließlich mit (Metall‐an‐C‐1)‐Addition. Der Anteil an Reaktionsprodukt aus der (Metall‐an‐C‐2)‐Addition ist nur ca. 1 %. In einer Parallelreaktion zur Addition erfolgt Metallierung von Propen (22) zum Allyllithium (24) .
High temperature thermoreflectance imaging and transient Harman characterization of thermoelectric energy conversion devices (2014)

Advances in thin film growth technology have enabled the selective engineering of material properties to improve the thermoelectric figure of merit and thus the efficiency of energy conversion devices. Precise characterization at the operational temperature of novel thermoelectric materials is crucial to evaluate their performance and optimize their behavior. However, measurements on thin film devices are subject to complications from the growth substrate, non-ideal contacts, and other thermal and electrical parasitic effects. In this manuscript, we determine the cross-plane thermoelectric material properties in a single measurement of a 25 μm InGaAs thin film with embedded ErAs (0.2%) nanoparticles using the bipolar transient Harman method in conjunction with thermoreflectance thermal imaging at temperatures up to 550 K. This approach eliminates discrepancies and potential device degradation from the multiple measurements necessary to obtain individual material parameters. In addition, we present a strategy for optimizing device geometry to mitigate the effect of both electrical and thermal parasitics during the measurement. Finite element method simulations are utilized to analyze non-uniform current and temperature distributions over the device area as well as the three dimensional current path for accurate extraction of material properties from the thermal images. Results are compared with independent in-plane and 3ω measurements of thermoelectric material properties for the same material composition and are found to match reasonably well; the obtained figure of merit matches within 15% at room and elevated temperatures.
Injection augmentation of arytenoids after partial laryngectomy: case series (2010)

Arytenoid augmentation by injection laryngoplasty can be considered a safe and effective surgical tool for the treatment of dysphagia with persistent aspiration following partial laryngectomy.
Auditory Processing in High-Functioning Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder (2012)

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a pervasive developmental disorder including abnormalities in perceptual processing. We measure perception in a battery of tests across speech (filtering, phoneme categorization, multisensory integration) and music (pitch memory, meter categorization, harmonic priming). We found that compared to controls, the ASD group showed poorer filtering, less audio-visual integration, less specialization for native phonemic and metrical categories, and a higher instance of absolute pitch. No group differences were found in harmonic priming. Our results are discussed in a developmental framework where culture-specific knowledge acquired early compared to late in development is most impaired, perhaps because of early-accelerated brain growth in ASD. These results suggest that early auditory remediation is needed for good communication and social functioning.
All the World's a Stage: Facilitating Discovery Science and Improved Cancer Care through the Global Alliance for Genomics and Health (2015)

The recent explosion of genetic and clinical data generated from tumor genome analysis presents an unparalleled opportunity to enhance our understanding of cancer, but this opportunity is compromised by the reluctance of many in the scientific community to share datasets and the lack of interoperability between different data platforms. The Global Alliance for Genomics and Health is addressing these barriers and challenges through a cooperative framework that encourages "team science" and responsible data sharing, complemented by the development of a series of application program interfaces that link different data platforms, thus breaking down traditional silos and liberating the data to enable new discoveries and ultimately benefit patients.
Characterizing the Placebo Response in Adults With ADHD (2018)

<b>Objective:</b> Several ADHD pharmacological trials reported high placebo response (PR) rates. This study aims to characterize the PR in adult ADHD. <b>Method</b>: A retrospective cohort analysis of the placebo arm (140 adults with ADHD, 18-55 yrs, M:F 46.4%-53.6%) of a 6-week randomized, multicenter, double-blind metadoxine study, using Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scale (CAARS) and the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS), was conducted. <b>Results</b>: Pre-post changes in placebo-treated adults were significant for both the CAARS and ASRS, <i>F</i>(2.9, 404.5) = 61.2, <i>p</i> < .00001, <i>F</i>(2.8, 383.0) = 43.1, <i>p</i> < .00001, respectively. Less than half of the participants had a PR which began early in treatment and persisted; almost 50% had a variable, inconsistent PR. <b>Conclusion</b>: In the current sample, PR in adult ADHD was prominent on both symptom scales and the investigator-rater instrument. Therefore, using investigator ratings as a primary endpoint does not necessarily attenuate PR. Of note, about half of the PR is variable, suggesting unreliable determination of efficacy.
Silicon nanowire grid polarizer for very deep ultraviolet fabricated from a shear-aligned diblock copolymer template (2007)

A silicon (Si) nanowire grid ultraviolet (UV) transmission polarizer has been fabricated, and its performance was measured over the visible to deep UV range. A cylinder-forming polystyrene-b-poly(hexylmethacrylate) diblock copolymer was coated onto an amorphous Si layer supported on a fused silica substrate, then shear aligned and employed as a mask for reactive-ion etching, resulting in a Si grid of 33 nm period and multi-centimeter-squared area. Due to the high plasma frequency and UV reflectance of the deposited Si, this nanowire grid was able to polarize light down into the deep UV, including 193 nm.
Highly Enantioselective Organocatalytic Addition of Unmodified Aldehydes to N‐Boc Protected Imines: One‐Pot Asymmetric Synthesis of β‐Amino Acids. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Continuous tuning of the threshold voltage of organic thin-film transistors by a chemically reactive interfacial layer (2008)

For the design and manufacture of complex integrated circuits, control over the threshold voltage of the transistors is essential. In the present contribution, we present a non-invasive method to tune the threshold voltage of organic thin-film transistors after device assembly over a wide range without any significant degradation of the device characteristics. This is realized by incorporating a thin, chemically reactive siloxane layer bonded to the gate oxide. This results in threshold voltages of around 70 V in the as-prepared devices. By exposing a transistor modified in this way to ammonia at different concentrations, the threshold voltage can be tuned in steps of only a few volts. This treatment affects only the charge density at the semiconductor–dielectric interface, leaving the overall shape of the transistor characteristics and the charge-carrier mobility largely unaltered.
Investigation of high field effects in SiC films (1993)

Summary form only given. A focused research program on the high-field properties of SiC is being carried out. Prebreakdown and breakdown phenomena are studied. Surface flashover, a major limitation of PC switches with classical semiconductors (Si and GaAs), is investigated. The influence of the ambient dielectric quality and system configuration on the prebreakdown and breakdown response of the system is studied. The device characteristics and limits of operation at high voltages are analyzed using a time-coordinated nanosecond diagnostics to monitor the applied voltage and the device current. Optical emission signals from UV to IR range using (photomultiplier tubes) and spatially resolved digital imaging of light emission using an intensified, gatable CCD (charge coupled device) camera have been considered.
Automatic VLAN translation service over Ethernet passive optical network (2006)

As a cost-effective and broadband access network, Ethernet Passive Optical Network (EPON) has been attracting more and more attentions. Meanwhile, VLAN is being widely used in network configuration to meet the QoS and network management. Currently, with the growing of the network scale, basic VLAN service can not satisfy the requirements of most large-scale network deployment any more. So it is very important to provide enhanced VLAN service over EPON. In this paper, we propose a novel EPON system which can provide the automatic VLAN translation service. By comparing with the traditional way, it can be shown that the proposed system is much more economical and efficient to support the stacked VLAN function and VLAN translation function.
Toroidal Ion Trap (2016)

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy’s Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.
Attitudes to Predictive DNA Testing for Myocilin Glaucoma (2004)

This study suggests that predictive glaucoma testing in appropriate circumstances is acceptable to patients and their families.
Substructure Mining of GPCR Ligands Reveals Activity-Class Specific Functional Groups in an Unbiased Manner (2009)

In this study, we conducted frequent substructure mining to identify structural features that discriminate between ligands that do bind to G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and those that do not. In most cases, particular chemical representations resulted in the most significant substructures. Substructures found to be characteristic for the background control set reflected reactions that may have been used to construct this library, e.g., for the ChemBridge DIVERSet library employed these are ester and carboxamide moieties. Alkane amine substructures were identified as most important for GPCR ligands, e.g. the butylamine substructure, often linked to an aromatic system. Hierarchical analysis of targeted GPCRs revealed well-known motives and new substructural features. One example is the imidazole-like substructure common for the histamine binding receptor ligands. Another example is the planar ring system consisting of a fused five- and six-membered ring (indole-like substucture) common for the serotonin receptor ligands.