gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Kallikrein-Modified Mesenchymal Stem Cell Implantation Provides Enhanced Protection Against Acute Ischemic Kidney Injury by Inhibiting Apoptosis and Inflammation (2008)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) migrate to sites of tissue injury and serve as an ideal vehicle for cellular gene transfer.As tissue kallikrein has pleiotropic effects in protection against oxidative organ damage, we investigated the potential of kallikrein-modified MSCs (TK-MSCs) in healing injured kidney after acute ischemia/reperfusion (I/R).TK-MSCs secreted recombinant human kallikrein with elevated vascular endothelial growth factor levels in culture medium, and were more resistant to oxidative stress-induced apoptosis than control MSCs.Expression of human kallikrein was identified in rat glomeruli after I/R injury and systemic TK-MSC injection.Engrafted TK-MSCs exhibited advanced protection against renal injury by reducing blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine levels, and tubular injury.Six hours after I/R, TK-MSC implantation significantly reduced renal cell apoptosis in association with decreased inducible nitric oxide synthase expression and nitric oxide levels.Forty-eight hours after I/R, TK-MSCs inhibited interstitial neutrophil and monocyte/macrophage infiltration and decreased myeloperoxidase activity, superoxide formation, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation, and expression of tumor necrosis factor-␣, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1.In addition, tissue kallikrein and kinin significantly inhibited H 2 O 2 -induced apoptosis and increased Akt phosphorylation and cell viability in cultured proximal tubular cells.These results indicate that implantation of kallikrein-modified MSCs in the kidney provides advanced benefits in protection against ischemia-induced kidney injury by suppression of apoptosis and inflammation.
On the Energy Efficiency of Content Delivery Architectures (2011)

We examine the energy consumption of content delivery architectures, with a focus on the benefit of content centric networking (CCN) and dynamic optical bypass. For each case, we build energy models based on the energy consumption of current network equipment and devices. We further analyze the energy tradeoff among key networking resources. By optimizing the placement of content according to its popularity, CCNs achieve good scalability in energy consumption, i.e., the per-bit energy decreases as the download rate increases. The relative energy benefit from CCNs depends on numerous factors such as content popularity, equipment energy efficiency, and network topology. As such, we provide initial assessments of the operational regimes in which CCNs are advantageous. The comparison between CCN and dynamic optical bypass suggests that CCN is more energy efficient in delivering popular content while dynamic optical bypass is more energy efficient in serving less popular content.
Macromol. Chem. Phys. 10/2007 (2007)

Cover: Puzzling macromolecules via click chemistry. Endfunctional polymers were synthesized using a novel alkyne containing alkoxyamine initiator. With a highly efficient click approach it was possible to design specific functionalities of well defined polymers. In addition, the same strategy was followed to obtain diblock copolymers by a simple combination of predefined polymeric fragments. Further details can be found in the Full Paper by S. Fleischmann, H. Komber, D. Appelhans, and B. I. Voit * on page 1050.
Scaling-down lithographic dimensions with block-copolymer materials: 10-nm-sized features with poly(styrene)-block-poly(methylmethacrylate) (2013)

Poly(styrene)-block-poly(methylmethacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA) block-copolymers (BCP) systems synthesized on an industrial scale and satisfying microelectronic’s requirements for metallic contents specifications are studied in terms of integration capabilities for lithographic applications. We demonstrate in particular that this kind of polymer can efficiently achieve periodic features close to 10 nm. These thin films can be transferred in various substrates through dry-etching techniques. The self-assembly optimization for each polymer is first performed on freesurface, leading to interesting properties, and the changes in self-assembly rules for low molecular-weight polymers are investigated and highlighted through different graphoepitaxy approaches. The improvements in self-assembly capabilities toward low periodic polymers, as well as the broad range of achievable feature sizes, make the PS-b-PMMA system very attractive for lithographic CMOS applications. We conclude by showing that high-χ polymer materials developed in Arkema’s laboratories can be efficiently used to reduce the pattern’s size beyond the ones of PS-b-PMMA based BCP’s capabilities.
Figure S2 from Targeting APLN/APLNR Improves Antiangiogenic Efficiency and Blunts Proinvasive Side Effects of VEGFA/VEGFR2 Blockade in Glioblastoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Glioblastoma cell- and host-derived apelin controls tumor angiogenesis.&lt;/p&gt;
Acoustic-Convective Interference In Transfer Functions of Methane/Hydrogen and Pure Hydrogen Flames (2021)

Abstract We investigate the occurrence and source of modulations in the gain and phase of flame transfer functions (FTF) measured in perfectly premixed, bluff body stabilised CH4/H2 and pure H2 flames. The modulations are shown to be caused by flow disturbances originating from the upstream geometry, in particular the grub screws used to centre the bluffbody, indicative of a more generalised phenomenon of convective wave propagation. Velocity measurements are performed at various locations around the injector dump plane, inside the injector pipe, and in the wake of the bluffbody to provide detailed insight into the flow. Peaks corresponding to natural shedding frequencies of the grub screws appear in the unforced velocity spectra and it is found that the magnitude of these convective modes depends on their location. Flame imaging and PIV measurements show that these disturbances do not show up in the mean velocity and flame shape which appear approximately axisymmetric. However, the urms and vrms fields capture a strong asymmetry due to convective disturbances. To further quantify the role of these convective disturbances, hydrodynamic transfer functions are constructed from the forced cold flow, and similar modulations observed in the FTFs are found. A strong correlation is obtained between the two transfer functions, subsequently, the modulations are shown to be centered on the vortex shedding frequency corresponding to the first convective mode. The reason behind the excitation of the first mode is due to a condition that states that for acoustic-convective interaction to be possible, the shedding (convective) frequency needs to be lower than the cut-off frequency of the flame response. This condition is shown to be more relevant for hydrogen flames compared to methane flames due to their shorter flame lengths and thus increased cut-off frequency.
Supplementary Materials and Methods from Transient Sox9 Expression Facilitates Resistance to Androgen-Targeted Therapy in Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Materials and Methods with detailed methods and primer and antibody lists.&lt;/p&gt;
Performance characterization of spring actuated autoinjector devices for Emgality and Aimovig (2020)

<b>Objective:</b> Autoinjectors are a convenient and efficient way to self-administer subcutaneous injections of biopharmaceuticals. Differences in device mechanical design can affect the autoinjector functionality and performance. This study investigates the performance differences of two single-spring-actuated autoinjectors.<b>Methods:</b> We compare the performance between Emgality (120 mg/mL) and Aimovig (140 mg/mL) autoinjector devices from an engineering point of view at two test conditions: room (25 C[Formula: see text]) and storage (5 C[Formula: see text]) temperatures. We employ a novel experimental procedure to simultaneously acquire the force and acoustic signals during operation, and high-speed imaging during the needle insertion and drug injection.<b>Results:</b> We perform 18 quantitative comparisons between Emgality and Aimovig, and we observe that 14 of these have statistically significant differences. For both test conditions, Emgality requires an 8 N activation force while Aimovig requires 14 N activation force, and the needle of Emgality has an insertion depth of 5 mm while Aimovig has an insertion depth of 7 mm. The injection speeds are significantly affected by temperature. Emgality has an injection speed of 0.40 mL/s and 0.28 mL/s at room and storage temperature condition, respectively; while Aimovig has an injection speed of 0.24 mL/s and 0.16 mL/s at those conditions. Lastly, confirmation "click" sound of Emgality occurs 0.75-1.53 s after dose completion, while in Aimovig, the confirmation "click" sound occurs 0.26-0.46 s before dose completion.<b>Conclusions:</b> This study revealed performance differences between Emgality and Aimovig autoinjector devices, despite the fact that the delivery principle of these single-spring-actuated autoinjectors are the same. These differences may result in different risk of intramuscular injection and premature device removal, both of which need to be further verified in clinical trials.
(1S,2R)‐1‐Aminoindan‐2‐ol (2003)

Abstract (1S,2R)‐1‐aminoindan‐2‐ol intermediate: epoxyindane intermediate: aminoindanol intermediate: aminoindanol‐tartrate salt
Galleria mellonella is an effective model to study Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae infection (2014)

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is responsible for swine pleuropneumonia, a respiratory disease that causes significant global economic loss. Its virulence depends on many factors, such as capsular polysaccharides, RTX toxins and iron-acquisition systems. Analysis of virulence may require easy-to-use models that approximate mammalian infection and avoid ethical issues. Here, we investigate the potential use of the wax moth Galleria mellonella as an informative model for A. pleuropneumoniae infection. Genotypically distinct A. pleuropneumoniae clinical isolates were able to kill larvae at 37 °C but had different LD50 values, ranging from 10(4) to 10(7) c.f.u. per larva. The most virulent isolate (1022) was able to persist and replicate within the insect, while the least virulent (780) was rapidly cleared. We observed a decrease in haemocyte concentration, aggregation and DNA damage post-infection with isolate 1022. Melanization points around bacterial cells were observed in the fat body and pericardial tissues of infected G. mellonella, indicating vigorous cell and humoral immune responses close to the larval dorsal vessel. As found in pigs, an A. pleuropneumoniae hfq mutant was significantly attenuated for infection in the G. mellonella model. Additionally, the model could be used to assess the effectiveness of several antimicrobial agents against A. pleuropneumoniae in vivo. G. mellonella is a suitable inexpensive alternative infection model that can be used to study the virulence of A. pleuropneumoniae, as well as assess the effectiveness of antimicrobial agents against this pathogen.
ChemInform Abstract: Addition of Borane‐Protected Secondary Phosphines to Imines. A Route to Protected Mono‐N‐Substituted‐α‐aminophosphines. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The Impact of Aridification and Vegetation Type on Changes in the Community Structure of Methane-Cycling Microorganisms in Japanese Wetland Soils (2011)

Over the years, the wetlands covered by Sphagnum in Bibai, Japan have been turning into areas of aridity, resulting in an invasion of Sasa into the bogs. Yet little is known about the methane-cycling microorganisms in such environments. In this study, the methanotrophic, methanogenic, and archaeal community structures within these two types of wetland vegetation were studied by phylogenetic analysis targeting particulate methane monooxygenase (pmoA), methyl coenzyme M reductase (mcrA), and the archaeal 16S rRNA gene. The pmoA library indicated that Methylomonas and Methylocystis predominated in the Sphagnum-covered and Sasa-invaded areas, respectively. The mcrA and 16S rRNA libraries indicated that Methanoregula were abundant methanogens in the Sphagnum-covered area. In the Sasa-invaded area, by contrast, mcrA genes were not detected, and no 16S rRNA clones were affiliated with previously known methanogens. Because the Sasa-invaded area still produced methane, of the various uncultured populations detected, novel euryarchaeotal lineages are candidate methane producers.
Applying the NSF broader impacts criteria to HCI research (2011)

Broader impacts emerged as a major concern in a recent evaluation of the Division of Computer and Network Systems (CNS) at the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF). Evaluators found that the intellectual merit contributions from the CNS investigators were strong, but broader impacts could (and should) be improved [10]. As a result, a summit was held in Washington, D.C., to clarify and strengthen the broader impacts criteria for computing research [4]. In this SIG meeting, we will discuss the outcomes of this summit, with particular attention to broader impacts in human-computer interaction research.
Terahertz Polarizers Based on 2D Ti3C2Tz MXene: Spin Cast from Aqueous Suspensions (2020)

Herein, the fabrication of terahertz (THz) polarizers is reported on by simply spin casting two‐dimensional (2D) MXene Ti 3 C 2 T z nanosheets on a photolithographically patterned THz‐transparent substrate and subsequent immersion in acetone. Lines 30 nm‐thick and 10–20 μm wide result in electric field (E) extinction ratios (ER) of up to 3 dB, or power ER of up to 6 dB. Simulations show the possibility of achieving ER beyond 16 dB, or power ER higher than 32 dB by increasing the thickness of the MXene lines to 1.5–2 μm and optimizing the metasurface patterns. The Ti 3 C 2 T z nanosheets are solution‐processed and can be deposited on a variety of substrates, including flexible ones. Once encapsulated, chemically stable THz polarizers, that combine high performance and low production costs, can be readily manufactured, with characteristics that compare favorably with the much more involved metallic wire grid polarizers, including gold and tungsten. Moreover, recent demonstration of dynamic tunability of Ti 3 C 2 T z THz conductivity by ultrafast optical pulses opens the possibility of using MXene wire‐grids in high‐speed THz modulators.
Radiation tolerance of ultra-thin Formvar films (2012)

Mechanical behavior of free-standing polymer films with submicron thicknesses exposed to a radiation environment is poorly understood. Here, we study 110-nm-thin free-standing polyvinyl formal (Formvar) films irradiated at room temperature with 1–5 keV electrons or 3 MeV alpha particles. We measure mechanical properties and the elemental composition by spherical indentation and high-energy ion scattering, respectively. Results show that, with increasing radiation dose, the effective failure strain and film thickness decrease monotonically, while the dose dependence of the Young’s modulus is non-monotonic. The failure strain and modulus scale with the average energy deposited in the film, while the film thickness exhibits a more complex behavior.
The Ecological Role of a Proteolytic Psychrophile, Flavobacterium limicola Belonging to the Cytophaga-Flavobacteria Cluster, in the Decomposition of Particulate Organic Nitrogen in Freshwater Sediment (2004)

Microbes of the Cytophaga-Flavobacterium (CF) group, within the phylum Bacteroidetes, have been considered contributors to the early decomposition of particulate organic matter (POM) in sediments because of their abundance in the ecosystem and their great ability to degrade macromolecules on artificial media. However, there is no report on the ability of members of this group to decompose POM in sediment. We investigated the POM-decomposition capabilities of members of the CF group, Flavobacterium limicola strains ST-82T, ST-10 and ST-92 isolated from freshwater sediment as proteolytic psychrophiles, in sterilized sediment slurries. All strains of F. limicola grew and survived at over 108 cfu per ml for more than 30 days in the sediment slurries at 5°C. Protease activity levels in the slurries inoculated with the strains were 3-5 times higher than the control level for over 30 days of incubation at 5°C. Concentrations of total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) released by the hydrolysis of particulate organic nitrogen (PON), significantly increased only in the slurries inoculated with F. limicola strains. Approximately 70-80% of the TDN released was converted to NH4+-N in these inoculated slurries. The results clearly demonstrate that F. limicola strains ST-82T, ST-10 and ST-92 are able to secrete an extracellular protease and hydrolyze PON to TDN and thereby mineralize TDN to NH4+-N in freshwater sediment. This is the first report on the decomposition and mineralization of PON by members of the CF group in benthic environments.
<title>Iterative blind image deconvolution in space and frequency domains</title> (1999)

In image acquisition, the captured image is often the result of the object being convolved with a blur functional. Deconvolution is necessary in order to undo the effects of the blue. However, in real life we may have very little knowledge of the blur, and therefore we have to perform blind deconvolution. One major challenge of existing iterative algorithms for blind deconvolution is the enforcement of the convolution constraint. In this paper we describe a method whereby this constraint can be much more easily implemented in the frequency domain. This is possible because of Parseval's theorem, which allows us to relate projection in the space and frequency domains. Our algorithm also incorporates regularization of the estimated image through the use of Wiener filters. The restored images are compared to the original and noisy blurred images, and we find that the restoration process indeed provides an enhancement in visual quality.
Environmental applications of poplars and willows. (2014)

This chapter provides a practical worldwide overview of the environmental applications of poplars and willows. The chapter aims to synthesize the latest knowledge on these applications with respect to sustainable livelihoods, land use and restoration. The applications covered include land protection, watershed stabilization, waste management and other ecosystem services.
Increased Body Mass Index and Metabolic Syndrome Are Associated with Poor Outcomes in SARS-CoV-2-Positive Emergency Department Patients (2022)

In this large nationwide sample of ED patients, we report a significant association of both high BMI and composite MetS with poor outcomes in SARS-CoV-2-positive patients. Findings suggest that composite MetS profile may be a more universal predictor of adverse disease outcomes, while the impact of BMI is more heavily modulated by SARS-CoV-2 status.
Characterization of large deformable mirrors (2004)

A key element in any adaptive optics system is the deformable mirror used to introduce the conjugate correction. In this paper we will present the results from characterizing a pair of custom 20 element, 38 mm diameter, bimorph deformable mirrors that were specifically designed to provide unusually large stroke to allow correction of significant focus and astigmatism terms in a human fundus adaptive optics imager. Data on the measured correction capability and inherent hysteresis of the mirror shown that the mirrors have 40 &#956;m waves of defocus correction and 20 &#956;m waves of astigmatism correction at 760 nm, with a typical hysteresis at full deflection of 15%. This technology is patented under Patent # 6,331,059 B1.
Clinical Practice Guidelines From the Association for the Advancement of Blood and Biotherapies (AABB): COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma (2022)

CCP is most effective when transfused with high neutralizing titers to infected patients early after symptom onset.
Boosting Sensitivity of Organic Vapor Detection with Silicone Block Polyimide Polymers (2004)

We demonstrate that silicone block polyimide polymers have an unusually high sensitivity to nonpolar organic vapors, including chlorinated organic solvent vapors. When 0.18-5.34-microm-thick films of silicone block polyimide polymers were deposited onto 10-MHz thickness shear mode (TSM) oscillators, these films were implemented to detect parts-per-billion concentrations of trichloroethylene (TCE) with a detection sensitivity of 0.5-23.5 Hz per 500 ppb of vapor. With a film thickness of 3.4 microm (91.5-kHz frequency shift upon film deposition), optimized for the minimal sensor noise of 0.04 Hz, the calculated detection limit of sensor response (S/N = 3) was 3 ppb of TCE. Detection limits for other chlorinated organic solvent vapors, such as perchloroethylene (PCE), cis-1,2-dichloroethylene (DCE), trans-1,2-DCE, 1,1-DCE, and vinyl chloride (VC) were 0.6, 6, 6, 11, and 13 ppb, respectively. Assuming only the mass-loading response when deposited onto the TSM devices, silicone block polyimide polymers have partition coefficients of over 200 000 to parts-per-billion concentrations of TCE that make them at least 100 times more sensitive than other known polymers for TCE detection. We observed that unlike conventional polyimides, water sensitivity of the new hybrid polyimides is suppressed because of the silicone soft block. Water sensitivity is comparable with the sensor response to nonpolar organic vapors. The high sensitivity and long-term stability of these sensor materials make them attractive for ultrasensitive practical sensors.
A Continuum Robot for Remote Applications: From Industrial to Medical Surgery With Slender Continuum Robots (2022)

The maintenance of critical industrial components is often hindered by limited access, tortuous passages, and complex geometries. In highly constrained environments, inspection tasks are currently performed with borescopes, but even skilled operators struggle with hard-to-reach targets, and the limited mobility prevents in situ repair when defects are identified. Thanks to an active shape control, snake-like and continuum robots can outperform borescopes for short-range inspection as well as enable intervention. However, their actuation technology limits their scalability in length, as longer bodies pose control challenges due to their intrinsically low stiffness and space constraints. To overcome the limitations of both borescopes and continuum robots, here, we propose a modular design at their intersection, with both active tendon-driven and passively flexible segments. The main elements of the novel design, including the actuation and control interface, are described, and the system is demonstrated in scenarios for aerospace assets, nuclear installations, and robot-assisted surgery.