gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Minimum Overlap-Gap Algorithm for Speech Enhancement (2022)

In this paper, we propose a novel speech enhancement paradigm which can effectively solve the problem of retrieving a desired speech signal in a multi-talker environment. The proposed speech enhancement paradigm involves a three-step procedure consisting of separation, ranking, and enhancement. First, a speech separation system – which could be a conventional spatial filter bank or more advanced separation systems – separates mixtures of speech signals captured by microphones into speech signals from candidate speakers. Next, novel ranking algorithms – proposed in this paper – are applied to determine the talker-of-interest amongst the separated speech signals. Finally, the speech signal of the talker-of-interest is estimated as a linear combination of the separated signals, whose weights are determined by the ranking algorithms. We propose ranking algorithms, which exploit turn-taking patterns between conversational partners in order to determine the talker-of-interest amongst competing speakers. Unlike some existing solutions, our ranking algorithms do not require access to additional sensors, e.g., EEG electrodes, cameras, etc., but only rely on microphone signals. Specifically, the proposed algorithms rank the separated speech signals based on the probability of speech overlaps and gaps with the user’s own voice. The speech signal with highest ranking is the talker with <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">minimum</i> probability of speech overlap and gap with the user’s own voice. The proposed ranking algorithms are shown highly effective at determining the talker-of-interest, since conversational partners, i.e., the user and the talker-of-interest, behaviorally avoid speech overlaps and gaps. We evaluate the proposed speech enhancement paradigm in two practical hearing aid related applications, where the objective is to enhance a speech signal of a conversational partner in a multi-talker environment. The results of the evaluation demonstrate that the proposed speech enhancement systems in both applications significantly outperform conventional speech enhancement systems.
High-energy scanning electron microscope for the observation of subsurface structures (2005)

We propose a technique using high-energy scanning electron microscope (SEM), which has the advantage of measuring 3-D structures and underlayer structures when compared to conventional low-energy SEM, to meet future metrology requirements. At first, we demonstrate that a technique using high-energy SEM has the advantages of measuring gate structures with a spatial resolution of a few nanometers. For example, a notched gate structure was most clearly visible when the beam energy is at 200 keV. Another example of a polyside gate with a sidewall spacer was most clearly visible at 100 keV. In addition, we studied the relationship between the thickness of the upper layer and beam energy at which the structure of the underlayers can be observed. The beam energy should be high enough to pass through the upper layer without the incident beam becoming broader, but low enough for the incident electrons to be backscattered at the structures in the underlayer. We could observe the line structures at a depth of 800 nm or less using an incident beam with energy from 50 to 100 keV.
Serology of Helicobacter pylori infections (2002)

Sažetak: Tijekom infekcije Helicobacter pylori tvore se specificna protutijela koja, na žalost, nisu u stanju eradicirati bakterije sa sluznice želuca. Imunoezimski postupak je temeljna i najcesce koristena laboratorijska metoda u otkrivanju specificnih protutijela za antigene H. pylori u uzorcima seruma bolesnika. Tim je postupkom moguce kvalitativno i kvantitativno odrediti razine razlicitih imunoglobulinskih klasa specificnih protutijela za Helicobacter pylori u skoro svih zaraženih bolesnika. Kvantitativni seroloski testovi koriste se za pracenje uspjesnosti eradikacije infekcije. Serologija je također metoda izbora za izucavanje infekcije u populaciji, te retrospektivnih istraživanja prethodno uzetih i cuvanih uzoraka seruma o prirodnom tijeku takve kronicne infekcije. Abstract: Infection with Helicobacter pylori inducing antibodies, but these are not able to eradicate the bacterium from the gastric mucosa. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay is the laboratory based method and most commonly used to measure qualitatively and quantitatively anti - Helicobacter pylori antibodies of different immunoglobulin classes in almost all infected patients. Quantitative serological tests are useful in the follow  up of eradication therapy. Serology is the method of choice in population studies and in the retrospective analysis of stored serum samples to study the natural course of this chronic infection.
Sulfur and Saccharin Incorporation into Electrodeposited CoFe Alloys: Consequences for Magnetic and Corrosion Properties (2008)

Incorporation of sulfur into alloys during galvanostatic deposition has been studied. The results indicate that the main source of sulfur in magnetic deposit is saccharin used as an additive in the plating solution. The atomic percent of sulfur in deposit and the sulfur incorporation rate show strong dependence on saccharin concentration in the plating solution. This dependence has pronounced maximum at , while for the incorporation rate approaches constant value. A simple physical model is developed to describe the sulfur incorporation as a function of saccharin concentration having an excellent qualitative agreement with experimental data. The corrosion and magnetic properties of the electrodeposited alloys were found to be the strong function of the sulfur incorporation rate, and these results are discussed within the framework of the proposed sulfur incorporation model.
State of Practice for Polymer Concrete Overlays (2011)

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Synthesis and Properties of Poly(phenylene ethynylene)s with Pendant Hexafluoro-2-propanol Groups (2005)

Several poly(phenylene ethynylene)s with pendant hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP) groups have been synthesized and characterized in terms of their solution and thin-film optical properties. The incorporation of strongly hydrogen-bond-donating HFIP groups into conjugated polymers is shown to greatly enhance their fluorescence response upon exposure to the vapors of several hydrogen-bond-accepting analytes such as pyridine and 2,4-dichloropyrimidine. The enhanced sensitivity of these conjugated polymer-based chemosensors is the result of stronger analyte/polymer binding interactions and more facile photoinduced charge-transfer reactions with hydrogen-bonded analytes.
Steady Two-Dimensional Conduction: Simple and Double Layer Potentials, Corner Singularities, and Induced Heat Flux (2022)

Abstract Two-dimensional steady-state heat conduction is possible outside closed boundaries on which two isothermal segments at different temperatures are separated by two adiabatic segments. Remarkably, previous research showed that the conduction shape factor for the region exterior to the boundary is equal to that for the interior region, despite the asymmetry and singularity of the boundary heat flux distributions. In this study, classical potential theory is used for the temperature and heat flux distributions as a combination of simple-layer and double-layer potentials, including the relationships between the values inside and outside the boundary curve. Isothermal boundaries exhibit an induced heat flux that varies from point-to-point on the boundary. The induced flux integrates to zero over each isothermal edge. Singularities of the heat flux are identified and resolved. Computations that validate the theory are provided for mixed boundary conditions on a disk and a square. Numerical fits to both the simple-layer and double-layer densities are given for the disk and the square. The analysis explains why the interior and exterior conduction shape factors are equal despite wildly differing heat flux distributions, and the results are compared to a previous study of this configuration. This paper also develops fundamental concepts of potential theory and can serve as a tutorial on the subject.
Few-Shot Font Generation with Deep Metric Learning (2020)

Designing fonts for languages with a large number of characters, such as Japanese and Chinese, is an extremely labor-intensive and time-consuming task. In this study, we addressed the problem of automatically generating Japanese typographic fonts from only a few font samples, where the synthesized glyphs are expected to have coherent characteristics, such as skeletons, contours, and serifs. Existing methods often fail to generate fine glyph images when the number of style reference glyphs is extremely limited. Herein, we proposed a simple but powerful framework for extracting better style features. This framework introduces deep metric learning to style encoders. We performed experiments using black-and-white and shape-distinctive font datasets and demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed framework.
Bacteria Associated with Immunoregulatory Cells in Mice (2009)

ABSTRACT This study examined bacteria-immune interactions in a mouse model possessing microbiota-dependent immune regulatory features similar to those occurring in human atopy, colitis, and immune regulation. Associations between the abundance of several bacterial phylotypes and immunoregulatory target cell types were identified, suggesting that they may play a role in these phenotypes.
DS6, Deformation-Aware Semi-Supervised Learning: Application to Small Vessel Segmentation with Noisy Training Data (2022)

Blood vessels of the brain provide the human brain with the required nutrients and oxygen. As a vulnerable part of the cerebral blood supply, pathology of small vessels can cause serious problems such as Cerebral Small Vessel Diseases (CSVD). It has also been shown that CSVD is related to neurodegeneration, such as Alzheimer's disease. With the advancement of 7 Tesla MRI systems, higher spatial image resolution can be achieved, enabling the depiction of very small vessels in the brain. Non-Deep Learning-based approaches for vessel segmentation, e.g., Frangi's vessel enhancement with subsequent thresholding, are capable of segmenting medium to large vessels but often fail to segment small vessels. The sensitivity of these methods to small vessels can be increased by extensive parameter tuning or by manual corrections, albeit making them time-consuming, laborious, and not feasible for larger datasets. This paper proposes a deep learning architecture to automatically segment small vessels in 7 Tesla 3D Time-of-Flight (ToF) Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA) data. The algorithm was trained and evaluated on a small imperfect semi-automatically segmented dataset of only 11 subjects; using six for training, two for validation, and three for testing. The deep learning model based on U-Net Multi-Scale Supervision was trained using the training subset and was made equivariant to elastic deformations in a self-supervised manner using deformation-aware learning to improve the generalisation performance. The proposed technique was evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively against the test set and achieved a Dice score of 80.44 ± 0.83. Furthermore, the result of the proposed method was compared against a selected manually segmented region (62.07 resultant Dice) and has shown a considerable improvement (18.98%) with deformation-aware learning.
Analysis of genes differentially expressed by normal bone marrow-derived and synovium-derived adherent cells (2011)

<b>Copyright information:</b>Taken from "Transcriptional profiles discriminate bone marrow-derived and synovium-derived mesenchymal stem cells"Arthritis Research &amp; Therapy 2005;7(6):R1304-R1315.Published online 20 Sep 2005PMCID:PMC1297577.Copyright © 2005 Djouad et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. Total RNAs were extracted from cells at passages 4–6 obtained from healthy donors and reverse-transcribed to radiolabeled cDNAs before hybridization to gene array membranes (Atlas Human Cytokine/Receptor Array; BD Biosciences). Each gene is represented as duplicate spots. One example of a representative array from cells isolated from bone marrow (BM) (= 4). The arrow represents the activin/inhibin βA subunit. One example of a representative array from synovial cells (= 4). The arrow represents the activin/inhibin βA subunit. Hierarchical clustering analysis. The dendrogram at the top represents the relationship of the samples according to the similarity in their gene expression profile. Arrows indicate some areas of genes that permit one to discriminate between samples. Red, high expression, green, low expression. Quantification of the secreted activin A by specific ELISA. Results are expressed as the mean of secretion in 24-hour and 48-hour supernatants of four cell samples ± standard error of the mean.
Morphometry of the dog pulmonary venous tree (1993)

The biophysical approach to the study of blood flow in the pulmonary vasculature requires a detailed description of vascular geometry and branching pattern. The description of the pulmonary venous morphometry in the dog is the focus of this paper. Silicone elastomer casts of a dog lung were made and were used to measure the diameters, lengths, and branching pattern of the pulmonary venous vasculature. The anatomic data are presented statistically with a diameter-defined Strahler ordering scheme, a rule for assigning the order numbers of the vessels on the basis of a diameter criterion. The asymmetric branching pattern of the pulmonary venous vasculature is described with a connectivity matrix. Results show that for the dog's right pulmonary venous tree 1) a total of 11 orders of vessels lay between the left atrium and the capillary bed; 2) the average ratios of the diameter, length, and number of branches of successive orders of veins were 1.701, 1.556, and 3.762, respectively; and 3) a fractal description of the tree geometry resulted in diameter and length fractal dimensions of 2.49 and 2.99, respectively. The morphometric data were used to compute the cross-sectional area, vascular volume, and Poiseuillean resistance in the venous vessels.
Novel Integral Formulation for Scattering From Multilayered Dielectric Cylinders of Arbitrary Cross Section (2004)

A novel boundary integral formulation is implemented for the electromagnetic scattering of laser radiation from multilayered dielectric cylinders of arbitrary cross section. Because of the optical frequencies involved, problem size is controlled by a judicious choice of element size. Results for the more compute intensive Galerkin method are generated for comparison against the less time-consuming Moment method using linear isoparametric boundary elements. Singular kernels are integrated numerically using a technique that converges rapidly. Scattered intensities for both TE and TM polarizations on circular cylinders compare extremely well with analytic far-field predictions.
The epitaxial growth of gallium arsenide using triethylarsine (1989)

Abstract The thermal decomposition of triethylarsine (TEAs) has been studied. It decomposes at a lower temperature than arsine (AsH 3 ). The decomposition proceeds via a radical process at a temperature above 700°C. Epitaxial growth using TEAs has been investigated. A gallium arsenide (GaAs) layer with good morphology was obtained, but the layer was found to contain a considerable amount of carbon impurity originating from TEAs. The use of TEAs with 10% AsH 3 or with 20% ammonia (NH 3 ) apparently improves the quality of GaAs layer. A possible scheme for reducing carbon incorporation is discussed.
Maximizing dendritic cell migration in cancer immunotherapy (2008)

DC migration requires an intricate interplay between the cell and its environment. To maximize migration for cellular therapy, it is important to optimize the generation of migratory DC as well as treatment strategies.
Business-process-driven gray-box SOA testing (2008)

Challenges are emerging in testing service-oriented architecture (SOA) systems. Current testing is not sufficient to deal with the new requirements arising from several SOA features such as composition, loose coupling, and code without a graphical user interface. The most critical architecture information of an SOA solution is actually how services are composed and interact with each other. This paper proposes a gray-box testing approach, that is, an approach that involves having access to internal workings, data structures, and algorithms when designing the test cases but tests at the user level as a black box, that is, by applying inputs and observing outputs. This approach leverages business processes and the underlying SOA layered architecture to better test SOA solutions. A commonly used language to model business processes is BPEL (Business Process Execution Language), which is the focus of the approach described in this paper. Among the layered artifacts, the business process view represents the global behavior of the SOA system and thus is a good candidate as supplemental architectural information to the functional requirement or specification in test-case design and generation. This approach has three key enablers: test-path exploration, trace analysis, and regression test selection. BPELTester is an innovative tool that implements this method. It has been piloted in several projects and the initial pilot results are presented in this paper.
Template recognition sequence for RNA primer synthesis by gene 4 protein of bacteriophage T7. (1981)

The gene 4 protein of bacteriophage T7 recognizes specific sequences on single-stranded DNA and then catalyzes the synthesis of tetraribonucleotide primers complementary to the template. With phi X174 DNA as a template, the gene 4 protein enables T7 DNA polymerase (deoxynucleosidetriphosphate:DNA deoxynucleotidyltransferase, EC 2.7.7.7) to initiate DNA synthesis at 13 major sites. DNA sequence analysis of the 5' termini of the newly synthesized DNA shows the predominant recognition sequences for the gene 4 protein to be 3'-C-T-G-G-G-5' or 3'-C-T-G-G-T-5'; the products of synthesis at these sites are RNA primers having the sequences pppA-C-C-C or pppA-C-C-A. The gene 4 protein can also synthesize primers at the sequences 3'-C-T-G-G-AC-5' and 3'-C-T-G-T-N-5', although these sites are used less than 10% as frequently as the predominant sites. Comparison of the utilization of primer sites suggests that the gene 4 protein binds randomly to single-stranded DNA and then translocates along the DNA in a unidirectional 5'-to-3' direction with regard to the DNA strand in search of recognition sequences. Models are presented for the role of the gene 4 protein in the initiation of lagging-strand synthesis and in the initiation of DNA replication at the origin.
Tunable Instability Mechanisms of Polymer Thin Films by Molecular Self-Assembly (2006)

Incorporation of a block copolymer into a thin polymer film is observed to alter both the rate and mechanism by which the film dewets from an immiscible polymer substrate. Films with little or no copolymer dewet by classical nucleation and growth of circular holes, and the dewetting rate decreases with increasing copolymer concentration. Increasing the copolymer content at constant film thickness generates copolymer micelles that adsorb/aggregate along the polymer/polymer interface and promote nonclassical dewetting fluctuations similar in appearance to spinodal dewetting. At higher copolymer concentrations, dewetting proceeds after a lengthy induction period by the nucleation and growth of flower-shaped holes suggestive of film pinning or viscous fingering. Atomic force microscopy of the polymer/polymer interface after removal of the top film by selective dissolution reveals substantial structural development due to copolymer self-assembly.
Effects on Cell Shape, Microfilament and Microtubule Distribution, and Orientation to Substratum (1975)

The change in shape of 3T3 and L929 cells due to Bt2cAMP treatment is accompanied by altered intracellular distribution of microfilaments and microtubules. Bt2cAMP added to cells in low density culture causes (a) microfilaments to accumulate in bundles near the plasma membrane, mainly at the cell periphery, and (b) microtubules to accumulate beneath these microfilament bundles. In narrow cell processes that form characteristically in Bt2cAMP-treated L cells, microtubules accumulate in parallel arrays near the center of these processes. A new simple method for evaluating the relative distance of the cell from its underlying substratum is described. In normal medium, 3T3 cells attach to their substratum near the nucleus and at the tips of cell processes, bridging irregularities in the plastic surface. With Bt2cAMP treatment, attachment occurs at the cell edge and at many isolated points under the cytoplasm, and the cells conform more closely to irregularities of the underlying substratum. A model of the mechanism by which cAMP modulates cell shape is presented.
T0501-2-3 Molecular Dynamics Simulation on the Microscopic Contact Angle on Nanometer-scale Steps (2009)

Microscopic contact angle on a moving contact line traveling over a step with a height of 0.3〜1.2 nm is investigated with molecular dynamics simulation. The simulations were made with a Couette flow geometry where two immiscible fluids are sheared between two parallel plates, one of which is equipped with step-structured surface. The contact lines strongly tend to be captured (pinned) at the edge of the convex step and the minimum contact angle observed at the moment of the depinning of the contact line is dependent on the height of the steps. An analytical model for the estimation of the relation between the minimum contact angle and the step height is developed. By taking account into the deviation between the normal and tangential components of the pressure distribution near the interface, the model reproduces well the increase of the minimum contact angle with the decrement in the step height.