gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Age strengthening of gray cast iron (2003)

AbstractStatistically significant, room temperature, age strengthening has been observed in 23 of 25 separate studies conducted in ten different foundries. The increase in strength ranged from 3.3% to a high of 13.5%. The strength increase is time and temperature dependent and thus can be accelerated by holding test bars at temperatures in the range of 85°C to 285°C prior to testing. Initial tests indicate that the aging process can be reversed by resolutionizing and water quenching from 704°C. Nitrogen present in excess of stoichiometry with strong nitride formers seems to be a factor.Keywords: Age strengtheningnitrogenartificial aginggray cast iron
Oral Mineralocorticoid-Receptor Antagonists: Real-Life Experience in Clinical Subtypes of Nonresolving Central Serous Chorioretinopathy With Chronic Epitheliopathy (2016)

The clinical response to oral MRa is consistent with the involvement of the mineralocorticoid pathway in CSCR pathogenesis.
The Chemistry of Epoxy Alcohols (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Human Antibody VH Domains Targeting GPNMB and VCAM-1 as Candidate Therapeutics for Cancers (2023)

The elevated expression of GPNMB and VCAM-1 has been observed in many cancers including breast cancer, melanoma, and prostate cancers. Such overexpression of GPNMB and VCAM-1 has been associated with poor prognosis and increased cancer metastasis. Thus, GPNMB and VCAM-1 are potential targets for immunotherapies across multiple cancers. In this study, two high-affinity specific human V<sub>H</sub> domain antibody candidates, 87 (GPNMB) and 1B2 (VCAM-1), were isolated from our in-house proprietary phage-displayed human V<sub>H</sub> antibody domain libraries. The avidity was increased after conversion to VH-Fc. Domain-based bispecific T-cell engagers (DbTE) based on these two antibodies combined with the anti-CD3ε OKT3 antibody exhibited potent killing against GPNMB and VCAM-1-positive cancer cells, respectively. Hence, these two domain antibodies are promising therapeutic candidates for cancers expressing GPNMB or VCAM-1.
The Host Defense Peptide Beta-Defensin 1 Confers Protection againstBordetella pertussisin Newborn Piglets (2006)

Innate immunity plays an important role in protection against respiratory infections in humans and animals. Host defense peptides such as beta-defensins represent major components of innate immunity. We recently developed a novel porcine model of pertussis, an important respiratory disease of young children and infants worldwide. Here, we investigated the role of porcine beta-defensin 1 (pBD-1), a porcine defensin homologue of human beta-defensin 2, in conferring protection against respiratory infection with Bordetella pertussis. In this model, newborn piglets were fully susceptible to infection and developed severe bronchopneumonia. In contrast, piglets older than 4 weeks of age were protected against infection with B. pertussis. Protection was associated with the expression of pBD-1 in the upper respiratory tract. In fact, pBD-1 expression was developmentally regulated, and the absence of pBD-1 was thought to contribute to the increased susceptibility of newborn piglets to infection with B. pertussis. Bronchoalveolar lavage specimens collected from older animals as well as chemically synthesized pBD-1 displayed strong antimicrobial activity against B. pertussis in vitro. Furthermore, in vivo treatment of newborn piglets with only 500 mug pBD-1 at the time of challenge conferred protection against infection with B. pertussis. Interestingly, pBD-1 displayed no bactericidal activity in vitro against Bordetella bronchiseptica, a closely related natural pathogen of pigs. Our results demonstrate that host defense peptides play an important role in protection against pertussis and are essential in modulating innate immune responses against respiratory infections.
Modulation of Presynaptic Calcium Transients by Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Activation: A Differential Role in Acute Depression of Synaptic Transmission and Long-Term Depression (2002)

Activation of group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) can induce acute depression of excitatory synaptic transmission and long-term depression (LTD) in area CA1 of the rat hippocampus. The underlying mechanisms for both forms of depression are unknown. By measuring presynaptic calcium transients, we show that a reduction in the stimulation-induced presynaptic calcium rise that triggers vesicular release causes the acute depression of transmission by group I mGluRs. In contrast, the mechanism underlying mGluR-induced LTD does not involve a persistent change in stimulation-induced calcium influx. However, analysis of paired-pulse facilitation experiments suggests a presynaptic location for expression of this form of LTD. Furthermore, we show that mGluR-induced LTD can be completely blocked by a specific mGluR5 antagonist, whereas mGluR1 antagonists strongly attenuate the acute depression of transmission. These results support the hypothesis that the acute depression of transmission caused by activation of group I mGluRs involves regulation of stimulation-induced presynaptic calcium transients, whereas mGluR-induced LTD involves a distinct presynaptic modulation downstream of calcium influx.
Pathogenomics of Culex quinquefasciatus and Meta-Analysis of Infection Responses to Diverse Pathogens (2010)

The mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus poses a substantial threat to human and veterinary health as a primary vector of West Nile virus (WNV), the filarial worm Wuchereria bancrofti, and an avian malaria parasite. Comparative phylogenomics revealed an expanded canonical C. quinquefasciatus immune gene repertoire compared with those of Aedes aegypti and Anopheles gambiae. Transcriptomic analysis of C. quinquefasciatus genes responsive to WNV, W. bancrofti, and non-native bacteria facilitated an unprecedented meta-analysis of 25 vector-pathogen interactions involving arboviruses, filarial worms, bacteria, and malaria parasites, revealing common and distinct responses to these pathogen types in three mosquito genera. Our findings provide support for the hypothesis that mosquito-borne pathogens have evolved to evade innate immune responses in three vector mosquito species of major medical importance.
Magnetic Field Imaging by Scanning Magnetoresistance Microscope with MR Cantilever (2003)

We developed a micro-fabricated cantilever with an MR sensor (MR cantilever) for use as a scanning magnetoresistance microscope (SMRM). Using a four-point MR cantilever with good signal-to-noise ratio, we have succeeded in imaging the stray field distribution of a magnetic garnet sample. Since the magnetic spatial resolution of the SMRM depends only on the physical dimensions of the MR element, the 5-μm by 1-μm MR element used in this study provided a submicronmeter spatial resolution in one direction of the SMRM.
Diffractive microlenses fabricated by electron-beam lithography (1992)

Electron-beam lithography has several advantages for the fabrication of diffractive optical components, because submicrometer patterns and blazed relief structures can be formed. We developed the computer-controlled electron-beam writing system for diffractive optics. By using the system, we fabricated various types of blazed diffractive microlenses, including rectangular-apertured lenses and elliptical lenses. These lenses exhibited the diffraction-limited focusing performance with a high efficiency of greater than 70%. In particular, reflection diffractive microlenses were found to be very promising, because their fabrication accuracy and the optical characteristics can be greatly improved over those of transmission diffractive microlenses. In addition, reflection diffractive microlenses for oblique incidence can be flexibly used without a beam splitter and are key devices in planar optics. It is demonstrated that these lenses showed the diffraction-limited focusing performance at a large oblique angle of 30°.
HAMR: high-throughput annotation of modified ribonucleotides (2013)

RNA is often altered post-transcriptionally by the covalent modification of particular nucleotides; these modifications are known to modulate the structure and activity of their host RNAs. The recent discovery that an RNA methyl-6 adenosine demethylase (FTO) is a risk gene in obesity has brought to light the significance of RNA modifications to human biology. These noncanonical nucleotides, when converted to cDNA in the course of RNA sequencing, can produce sequence patterns that are distinguishable from simple base-calling errors. To determine whether these modifications can be detected in RNA sequencing data, we developed a method that can not only locate these modifications transcriptome-wide with single nucleotide resolution, but can also differentiate between different classes of modifications. Using small RNA-seq data we were able to detect 92% of all known human tRNA modification sites that are predicted to affect RT activity. We also found that different modifications produce distinct patterns of cDNA sequence, allowing us to differentiate between two classes of adenosine and two classes of guanine modifications with 98% and 79% accuracy, respectively. To show the robustness of this method to sample preparation and sequencing methods, as well as to organismal diversity, we applied it to a publicly available yeast data set and achieved similar levels of accuracy. We also experimentally validated two novel and one known 3-methylcytosine (3mC) sites predicted by HAMR in human tRNAs. Researchers can now use our method to identify and characterize RNA modifications using only RNA-seq data, both retrospectively and when asking questions specifically about modified RNA.
Characterizations of optical properties and radiation induced luminescence of Bi-doped La<sub>2</sub>Zr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> transparent ceramics (2016)

We have investigated the optical and scintillation properties of La2Zr2O7 transparent ceramics doped with 0–0.46% Bi. In the photoluminescence (PL), an intense broad emission was observed around 600 nm, and the primary PL decay time was 1.2 µs. The origin of the emission was attributed to the Bi3+ related luminescence. The 0.10% Bi doped sample showed the highest PL quantum yield (70%) among the samples measured. In the X-ray induced scintillation spectra, a similar emission features to those observed in PL spectra were observed. The scintillation emission was not observed at low temperatures below 200 K and Bi emission around room temperature was promoted by the thermal activation.
Active surveillance of enhancing renal tumors (2020)

Introduction: Prompt surgical excision remains the standard of care for clinically localized enhancing renal tumors, for this reason the natural history of untreated renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has not been established. In order to increase our understanding of the natural history of RCC we reviewed our experience with the active surveillance of enhancing renal tumors.Methods: We reviewed our renal cancer database for enhancing renal masses that were radiographically observed for a period of at least 12 months. Variables examined included patient age, gender, lesion size on presentation, radiographic tumor characteristics, duration of active surveillance, linear tumor growth rate, incidence, type of surgical intervention, and surgical pathology.Results: 109 patients with 124 sporadic enhancing renal tumors were identified undergoing a period of active surveillance of at least 12 months. Mean patient age was 69.8 years (median 73, range 35—87). Mean duration of active surveillance was 33.4 months (median 26, range 12—156). Multifocal disease was present in 9% (10/109) patients on presentation. Tumor size on presentation was a mean of 2.61 cm (median 2.0, range 0.4—12.0). Overall mean tumor growth rate was 0.28 cm/yr (median 0.21, range -1.4—2.47). Observed linear growth rates were independent of patient age, gender, tumor size on presentation, and radiographic characteristics (solid versus cystic), p &amp;gt; 0.05. Of the patients initiating a period of active surveillance 36% (39/109) eventually underwent definitive therapy. Extirpative and ablative therapies were used in 72% (28/39) and 28% (11/39) of the patients undergoing surgical intervention, respectively. Malignant pathology was present in 90% (35/39) of the patients undergoing treatment. Of the malignant tumors evaluated, 68% were clear cell RCC.Conclusions: Our current series reveals that the majority of small enhancing renal tumors show a slow interval growth and they are malignant. The investigation and development of clinical and radiographic predictors of future tumor growth would be of great benefit in order to avoid unnecessary intervention in selected patients.
Tissue-Printing Methods for Localization of RNA and Proteins that Control Seed Dormancy and Germination (2011)

A number of genes and proteins are expressed in a tissue- or cell layer-specific manner. Spatial patterns of gene expression are critical to understanding gene function. Tissue printing provides a simple and rapid method to analyze localization of mRNA and protein at the tissue and cellular levels. This is especially convenient for gene expression analysis in hard tissues, such as seeds that are often difficult to section. Seed RNA or protein can be transferred onto a suitable membrane by printing the cut surface of a bisected seed. This method has been used successfully to determine mRNA and protein localization in seed research. The resolution of printed seed images and RNA and protein signals in tissue printing is sufficient to identify embryo- or endosperm-specific expression of various genes and proteins. In some cases, these studies have contributed to elucidating the spatial characteristics of hydrolytic enzymes putatively involved in the completion of germination and/or early postgerminative growth. By the same principle, tissue-printing methods could also be valuable for elucidating the spatial characteristics of genes/proteins that control the inception, maintenance, and termination of seed dormancy.
Hierarchically Structured Metal Oxide/Silica Nanofibers by Colloid Electrospinning (2012)

We present herein a new concept for the preparation of nanofibrous metal oxides based on the simultaneous electrospinning of metal oxide precursors and silica nanoparticles. Precursor fibers are prepared by electrospinning silica nanoparticles (20 nm in diameter) dispersed in an aqueous solution of poly(acrylic acid) and metal salts. Upon calcination in air, the poly(acrylic acid) matrix is removed, the silica nanoparticles are cemented, and nanocrystalline metal oxide particles of 4-14 nm are nucleated at the surface of the silica nanoparticles. The obtained continuous silica fibers act as a structural framework for metal oxide nanoparticles and show improved mechanical integrity compared to the neat metal oxide fibers. The hierarchically nanostructured materials are promising for catalysis applications, as demonstrated by the successful degradation of a model dye in the presence of the fibers.
Hydrogen Embrittlement Properties of Stainless Steels in High Pressure Gaseous Hydrogen Environment (2006)

燃料電池の実用化に向けての水素の輸送・貯蔵方法の一つとして高圧水素ガスを用いる方法が挙げられる. 本研究では, 高圧水素ガスシステムで使用される材料の安全性評価を目的として, アルミニウム合金およびオーステナイト系ステンレス鋼の機械的性質を45MPaの高圧水素ガス中の低ひずみ速度引張試験 (SSRT, Slow Strain Rate Testing) により調査した. アルミニウム合金A6061-T6および安定化オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼である316L鋼は低ひずみ速度条件下 (3×10-7～3×10-6s-1) でも脆化を示さなかった. 一方, 準安定オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼である304L鋼は, ひずみ誘起マルテンサイト相の生成により水素環境中で顕著な脆化を示した. 水素環境脆化特性は, 材料中への水素吸蔵と限界応力の観点から説明された.
Delta-Sigma Modulator-Embedded Digital Predistortion for 5G Transmitter Linearization (2022)

This article presents two novel digital predistortion (DPD) based architectures that jointly mitigate the inphase/quadrature (IQ) modulator impairments and the power amplifier (PA) nonlinear distortion in wireless transmitters. The proposed architectures are multibit cartesian and complex delta-sigma modulator-based joint DPDs, called CDSM-JDPD and CXDSM-JDPD, respectively, which enable using low-cost digital-to-analog converters (DACs) while offering versatile linearization capabilities to combat the coexisting distortions of the PA and the IQ modulator. The proposed approach alleviates the need for reverse modeling and implementation of extra hardware to separately deal with frequency-dependent IQ impairments. Moreover, the CXDSM-JDPD enhances the linearization performance and relaxes the high oversampling ratio (OSR) requirement by quantizing the signal more efficiently. Furthermore, the presented concepts inherently support the use of low-resolution DACs, which offers a tremendous advantage in designing and implementing low-cost and energy-efficient radio transmitters. Extensive set of hardware-in-the-loop RF verification measurements with a commercial PA are provided, including two timely 5G New Radio (NR) scenarios at NR bands n3 and n78, while covering channel bandwidths up to 100 MHz and varying the OSR and the DAC bit resolution. The obtained results demonstrate the excellent linearization capabilities of the proposed solutions and their superiority compared to other DSM-based DPD approaches.
Distributed max-SINR speech enhancement with ad hoc microphone arrays (2017)

In recent years, signal processing with ad hoc microphone arrays has attracted a lot of attention. Speech enhancement in noisy, interfered, and reverberant environments is one of the problems targeted by ad hoc microphone arrays. Most of the proposed solutions require knowledge of fingerprints, such as acoustic transfer functions, which may not be known as accurately as required in practical situations. In this paper, a distributed signal subspace filtering method is proposed which is not restricted to a special graph topology. Here, the maximum signal to interference-plus-noise ratio (max-SINR) criterion is used with the primal-dual method of multipliers for distributed filtering. The paper investigates the convergence of the algorithm in both synchronous and asynchronous schemes, and also discusses some practical pros and cons. The applicability of the proposed method is demonstrated by means of simulation results.
<title>Application of luminescent CdSe-ZnS quantum dot bioconjugates in immuno- and fluorescence-quenching assays</title> (2002)

Colloidal CdSe-ZnS semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) have tunable narrow-band luminescence emission and high resistance to photodegradation, properties that make them promising for use as fluorescent labels in biotechnological applications such as fluoro-immunoassays and in cellular imaging. We have developed efficient methods for conjugating these inorganic fluorophores to antibodies via the use of a molecular adaptor protein, the B2 domain of streptococcal protein G appended with an electrostatic interaction domain, which acts as a bridge between the QD fluorophore and antibodies. In this approach, coupling of the adaptor to the QD is driven by electrostatic self-assembly, while bridging to the antibody is driven by specific interactions. In the present study, we present fluoro-immunoassay studies employing QD-antibody conjugates for the detection of low levels of the explosive hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX). We will also explore the use of self-assembled QD-protein-receptor complexes in Foerster energy transfer assays, where the QD emission can be altered by a quenching dye receptor in a QD-protein-receptor conjugate.
Damage Identification Using Modal Data: Experiences on a Prestressed Concrete Bridge (2005)

Large scale tests with progressive damage on a prestressed concrete highway bridge have been performed to investigate the sensitivity of several damage detection, localization, and quantification methods based on modal parameters. To investigate the quality of modal parameters, the data set of one damage step was analyzed by several output-only identification techniques. Although the bridge was severely cracked, natural frequencies as well as mode shapes display only minor changes. However, the relative changes of mode shapes are larger than those observed for natural frequencies. A novel damage indicator, called mode shape area index, based on changes of mode shapes, has been developed and found as the most sensitive damage detection approach. Damage detection or localization via changes of the flexibility matrix performed better than natural frequencies or mode shapes alone. The application of the direct stiffness calculation and a sensitivity-based model update technique showed results having a high level of ambiguity about the location and quantification of damage also at the highest damage level. Evaluating the information collected in this study the test results indicate that an early stage damage identification in prestressed concrete bridges is hardly possible because of the nearly complete recovery of stiffness after closing of cracks in prestressed concrete and the effect of environmental parameters on modal data.
Final Report - Peer Review Committee (PRC) Assessment of the Proposed Long-Term Performance Strategy for Hanford Immobilized Low Activity Waste (ILAW) (U) (2001)

A peer review process was conducted by a team of national and international experts on a proposed strategy for predicting performance of low-activity waste glass recommended for disposal at the Hanford site. This report presents the consensus findings and recommendations from the international experts.
Clinically tested drugs for Alzheimer?s disease (2003)

AbstractAlzheimer's disease poses a major health problem in developed countries and vigorous research is underway aimed at finding effective treatments. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are approved but give only temporary cognitive benefit to a percentage of patients. Their relative ineffectiveness is not surprising since the neuronal loss comprises much more than the forebrain cholinergic system. What is needed is a drug that will halt the neuronal death and thus progression of the disease. Avenues being explored are aimed at pathological features of the disease, i.e., drugs aimed at removing the amyloid burden which forms the plaques or reducing the neurotoxic neuroinflammation and oxidative stress which characterise the diseased brain regions. There are some promising leads, but more definitive clinical trials are required. Any agent designed to slow progression should clearly be used at an early stage of the disorder; therefore methods of early diagnosis are also essential.acetylcholinesteraseamyloidcholinergiccomplementinflammationmicrogliaNSAIDoxidative stressstatintauvaccination
MATCHA: Speeding Up Decentralized SGD via Matching Decomposition Sampling (2019)

Decentralized stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is a promising approach to learn a machine learning model over a network of workers connected in an arbitrary topology. Although a densely-connected network topology can ensure faster convergence in terms of iterations, it incurs more communication time/delay per iteration, resulting in longer training time. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm MATCHA to achieve a win-win in this error-runtime trade-off. MATCHA uses matching decomposition sampling of the base topology to parallelize inter-worker information exchange so as to significantly reduce communication delay. At the same time, the algorithm communicates more frequently over critical links such that it can maintain the same convergence rate as vanilla decentralized SGD. Experiments on a suite of datasets and deep neural networks validate the theoretical analysis and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme as far as reducing communication delays is concerned.