gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Iterative denoising-based mesh-to-grid reconstruction with hyperparametric adaptation (2017)

This paper presents a new method for the reconstruction of images from samples located at non-integer mesh positions. This is a common scenario for many image processing applications such as multi-image super-resolution, frame-rate up-conversion, or virtual view synthesis in multi-camera systems. The proposed method consists of an iterative procedure that employs adaptive denoising in order to reduce the reconstruction error. The denoising strength is controlled by a novel hyper-parametric adaptation mechanism that aims at maximizing the reconstruction quality in each iteration. Furthermore, the usage of the proposed hyperparametric model drastically reduces the number of necessary parameters that need to be trained or stored. In terms of luminance PSNR, the proposed approach improves the reconstruction quality by more than 1 dB with respect to the initial estimate and outperforms current state-of-the-art denoising-based reconstruction schemes by up to 0.5 dB.
A Narrowband Active Noise Control System With Frequency Corrector (2010)

The performance of narrowband active noise control (ANC) systems degenerates significantly under the frequency mismatch between the synthesized reference signal and the primary noise. This paper proposes a new narrowband ANC system that incorporates a frequency corrector for the internal reference signal generator to mitigate the ill-effects caused by the frequency mismatch. The proposed frequency estimator uses the iterative frequency estimation algorithm based on the minimum variance distortionless response spectrum that has advantages of accuracy and fast convergence. The performance of the new narrowband ANC system is analyzed under the conditions of frequency mismatch and the secondary-path phase estimation error. The frequency and amplitude of the primary noise are modeled as time-varying variables in the theoretical analysis. Computer simulations are conducted to demonstrate the performance of the new ANC system and to verify the analysis results.
Dual Location Separation Control on a Semispan Wing (2007)

Separation is controlled on a semispan wing via nominally two-dimensional zero mass-flux perturbations that are introduced at 1) the leading edge, 2) the shoulder of deflected flaps (20-40 deg deflection), and 3) both locations simultaneously. Leading-edge perturbations mimic the effect of a leading-edge device and flap-shoulder perturbations simulate additional flap deflection while simultaneously reducing drag. When perturbations are introduced simultaneously, at reduced frequencies of O(1) at poststall angles of attack, their combined effect on the wing's lift exceeds each individual contribution. When the physical frequencies are the same, lift is strongly dependent on the difference in phase between the two perturbations and an optimum is reached when the suction portion of flap-shoulder control coincides with the minimum shear layer proximity to the flap surface. At the optimum phase difference, increases in lift are observed over the entire semispan, resulting in an overall increase in the wing maximum lift coefficient between 0.24 and 0.44 depending on the flap deflection configuration and angle. Flap-shoulder control effectiveness does not diminish at the extremities of the finite inboard flap; neither inboard in the vicinity of the junction vortex, nor outboard in the vicinity of the flap-edge vortex. With a large flap deflection across the entire span, flap-shoulder control perturbations produce a powerful tip vortex that may be exploited for lift enhancement on low aspect ratio wings. The sensitivity to perturbation phase difference, however, diminished significantly toward the wing tip.
Stimuli‐Driven Assembly of Chromogenic Dye Molecules: a Versatile Approach for the Design of Responsive Polymers (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Excimer-Forming Sensor Molecules Fluorescent Mechanochromic Sensors Thermochromic Sensors Chemical Sensing with Excimer-Forming Dyes Summary and Outlook Acknowledgments References
A New Directional Protection for Multiterminal HVDC Networks (2020)

Multiterminal high voltage direct current grids, HVDC grids, are nowadays a good alternative to transport electrical energy more efficiently, but the effects of electrical faults can degenerate in severe damages. In power grids, ground faults represent the main cause of failure in electrical power systems, then, it is crucial their detection and actuation in an accurate and selective way. For this reason, in this paper, a new directional DC current protection method was presented. It was based on the shield to ground current measurement in terminals of each HVDC line shield. Afterward, an analysis of the current's polarity in its terminals was done. If the polarity of the shield current measurement was negative and the relay detected overcurrent, the fault was not in the line protected. However, if the current polarity was positive, the fault was located in the protected line. The proposed method has been validated by numerous computer simulations with excellent results.
Application and evaluation of a spatially varying detector response in fully-3D PET image reconstruction (2008)

255 Objectives: This work develops a measured spatially varying system model and evaluates the bias and resolution versus noise benefits of adding this model to an accurate reconstruction method. Methods: The spatially varying detector response (PSF) of a whole-body PET/CT scanner was measured with point sources. The PSF was incorporated into an accurate fully-3D statistical reconstruction method (OSEM+LOR) which models all physical effects (attenuation, scatter, randoms, efficiencies, and LOR locations). Images reconstructed with OSEM+LOR and the proposed OSEM+LOR+PSF were compared using phantom data of line sources in air and in uniform activity background and with a modified NEMA IQ phantom. Visual assessment was performed on FDG patient images. Results: The OSEM+LOR+PSF reconstruction of line sources in air resulted in 2mm uniform radial resolution throughout the FOV (61% better than OSEM+LOR). With the line sources in a warm scattering background, a more realistic imaging scenario, resolution varies from 2.5mm near isocenter to 4mm at 25 cm (17±8% better than OSEM+LOR). The NEMA IQ phantom demonstrated that OSEM+LOR+PSF had a modest improvement in contrast (4.3%) w.r.t. OSEM+LOR when both methods had matched clinical background variability. Visual assessment of patient data suggests that benefits of OSEM+LOR+PSF are less evident when images are smoothed to a clinically accepted range for lesion detection. Conclusions: Incorporating the spatially varying PSF offers significant resolution improvements when measured with line sources in air. With clinical imaging, however, the relative advantage of OSEM+LOR+PSF is not evident, and requires careful evaluation. Research Support: NIH grants HL086713, CA115870, and CA74135 and a grant from GE Healthcare.
Reactive Astrocytes Derived From Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Suppress Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cell Differentiation (2022)

Astrocytes are instrumental in maintaining central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis and responding to injury. A major limitation of studying neurodegenerative diseases like multiple sclerosis (MS) is lack of human pathological specimens obtained during the acute stages, thereby relegating research to post-mortem specimens obtained years after the initiation of pathology. Rodent reactive astrocytes have been shown to be cytotoxic to neurons and oligodendrocytes but may differ from human cells, especially in diseases with genetic susceptibility. Herein, we purified human CD49f<sup>+</sup> astrocytes from induced pluripotent stem cells derived from individual patient and control peripheral leukocytes. We compared TNF and IL1α stimulated human reactive astrocytes from seven persons with MS and six non-MS controls and show their transcriptomes are remarkably similar to those described in rodents. The functional effect of astrocyte conditioned media (ACM) was examined in a human oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) line differentiation assay. ACM was not cytotoxic to the OPCs but robustly inhibited the myelin basic protein (MBP) reporter. No differences were seen between MS and control stimulated astrocytes at either the transcript level or in ACM mediated OPC suppression assays. We next used RNAseq to interrogate differentially expressed genes in the OPC lines that had suppressed differentiation from the human ACM. Remarkably, not only was OPC differentiation and myelin gene expression suppressed, but we observed induction of several immune pathways in OPCs exposed to the ACM. These data support the notion that reactive astrocytes can inhibit OPC differentiation thereby limiting their remyelination capacity, and that OPCs take on an immune profile in the context of inflammatory cues.
Nanoparticle removal from substrates with pulsed-laser induced plasma and shock waves (2002)

Abstract Removing particles with nanometer scale diameters from substrates is a challenging task with numerous critical applications. A novel removal method for nanoparticles is developed and tested. The technique, which is dry and non-contact, takes advantages of shock wavefronts initiated by plasma formation under a focused laser beam pulse and its interaction with the substrate. Experimental results indicate that silica particles down to 500 nm on silicon wafers can be removed without substrate damage. In the reported experiments, a Q-switched Nd : YAG pulsed laser with a 5-ns pulse width and 360-mJ pulse energy at 1064 nm wavelength is employed as a plasma generation source. It is reported that the traditional dry laser cleaning method based on the rapid thermal expansion under direct laser irradiation often results in surface damage in the nanometer scale due to light diffraction around nanoparticles and/or stress localization in the thermal skin. This occurs when the characteristic dimensions of the particles are comparable to the wavelength of incident beam. In the laser plasma method, various mechanisms are responsible for the removal effect. The strong shock wave in air generates complex pressure wavefields resulting in both drag/lift on the particle and acceleration of the substrate. However, shock waves are not transmitted to the solid substrate due to a large difference between the relevant wave phase speeds in the two media. The effects of the number of shots and the distance between the surface and the plasma boundary on the removal efficiency are reported. Keywords: PARTICLE REMOVALNANOPARTICLESLASER ULTRASONICSLASER CLEANINGMICRO-MANUFACTURINGNANO-MANUFACTURINGLASER INDUCED PLASMA
Soliton self-mode conversion: revisiting Raman scattering of ultrashort pulses (2019)

Nonlinear optical wave propagation manifests in a multitude of frequencies generated from quantum-noise, and selecting desired nonlinear products usually requires seeding the medium with extraneous waves, employing spatial or spectral filters, or operation in resonant cavities. This is especially true for multimode systems because of their high density of states. Here we report the discovery of a self-action effect, originating from quantum noise, leading to complete nonlinear optical conversion of an ultrashort soliton pulse between two distinct, spatially coherent eigenmodes that are frequency-separated by one Raman Stokes shift. That systematic nonlinear spatial reconfiguration occurs in fibers with mode counts exceeding 10,000, which are often deemed to be chaotic, points to the fundamental role of intermodal group velocity dispersion in the selection rules for multimode nonlinear optics. We demonstrate wideband spectral translations of ~70% of the carrier frequency, and the generation of record, Megawatt peak-power pulses in the biologically crucial 1300-nm spectral window, directly out of a flexible optical fiber. More generally, this novel nonlinear coupling mechanism may be applied to fibers or on-chip waveguides, and facilitate, power-scalable spatially coherent, ultrashort pulse generation from the visible to the mid-IR.
Allogeneic Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Infusions for Aging Frailty (2017)

Allo-hMSCs are safe and immunologically tolerated in aging frailty patients. Improvements in functional and immunologic status suggest that ongoing clinical development of cell-based therapy is warranted for frailty.
Crashworthiness of Roadside Features Across Vehicle Platforms (1999)

Each year more than 14,000 persons are killed and 1 million persons are injured as a result of roadside crashes. Recent estimates of the annual societal costs associated with these roadside crashes amounted to $80 billion. Clearly, there is a need for further understanding of the roadside safety problem. The impact performances of roadside safety features are typically evaluated through full-scale crash testing with two vehicles selected from the extremes of the passenger vehicle fleet in terms of weight and size. The implicit assumption is that if a roadside safety feature successfully passes the test requirements for vehicles at the extremes for the fleet, the feature will perform satisfactorily for all other vehicles in between. Many vehicle parameters could influence performance during impacts, and this assumption may or may not be valid. The safety performances of roadside features for various passenger car platforms and light-truck subclasses were evaluated. The study approach consists of evaluations of the frequency and severity of roadside crashes for these generic platforms and subclasses by using recent crash data from the Fatal Accident Reporting System, the General Estimates System, and the Highway Safety Information System.
Fido: fast inter-virtual-machine communication for enterprise appliances (2009)

Enterprise-class server appliances such as networkattached storage systems or network routers can benefit greatly from virtualization technologies. However, current inter-VM communication techniques have significant performance overheads when employed between highly-collaborative appliance components, thereby limiting the use of virtualization in such systems. We present Fido, an inter-VM communication mechanism that leverages the inherent relaxed trust model between the software components in an appliance to achieve high performance. We have also developed common device abstractions- a network device (MMNet) and a block device (MMBlk) on top of Fido. We evaluate MMNet and MMBlk using microbenchmarks and find that they outperform existing alternative mechanisms. As a case study, we have implemented a virtualized architecture for a network-attached storage system incorporating Fido, MMNet, and MMBlk. We use both microbenchmarks and TPC-C to evaluate our virtualized storage system architecture. In comparison to a monolithic architecture, the virtualized one exhibits nearly no performance penalty in our benchmarks, thus demonstrating the viability of virtualized enterprise server architectures that use Fido. 1
High Temperature Oxidation of Heat-Resistant Alloys in Combustion Environments (2008)

Abstract Water vapor is a major component of most combustion gas streams, and has been shown to generally increase the rate of attack of heat-resistant alloys at elevated temperatures. The role of water vapor in causing accelerated oxidation will be reviewed for a variety of alloys, including austenitic stainless steels, ferritic stainless steels, and nickel-base superalloys. A variety of factors will be considered, including environmental variables such as gas composition and temperature, alloy composition, and specimen thickness. Specifically, iron-base alloys are more susceptible to increased degradation in humidified air, with the initial chromium content playing a significant role in the transition from protective to rapid oxidation. Nickel-base alloys were observed to exhibit altered oxidation kinetics, but did not form rapidly growing oxides.
Idiotypic cascades in cancer patients treated with monoclonal antibody CO17-1A. (1989)

We have previously shown that gastrointestinal cancer patients treated with monoclonal antibody CO17-1A (Ab1) developed anti-idiotypic antibodies (Ab2) to the Ab1. We now demonstrate that patients produce anti-anti-idiotypic antibodies (Ab3) to their autologous Ab2. Ab3 were demonstrated in culture supernatants of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from five Ab1-treated patients after stimulation of the cells with heterologous Ab2 that functionally mimicked the tumor antigen (Ag) defined by Ab1 and immunologically cross reacted with the patients' Ab2. Ab3 shared idiotopes with Ab1 and were Ab1-like in their binding specificities to tumor cells, Ag, and Ab2. Such antibodies were also elicited by stimulating cells with Ag. However, they were not produced by stimulating posttreatment mononuclear cells with control proteins or by stimulating pretreatment cells with either Ag or Ab2. Our results demonstrate idiotypic cascades in cancer patients treated with monoclonal antibody. Ag-specific Ab3 responses may underlie delayed clinical responses often observed in cancer patients treated with monoclonal antibodies of various specificities.
Influenza Virus: The Biology of a Changing Virus (2010)

Influenza viruses are members of the family Orthomyxoviridae and include influenza virus types A, B, and C. This introduction provides an overview of influenza virus classification, structure, and life cycle. We also include a brief review of the clinical manifestations of influenza and the molecular determinants for virulence. The genetic diversity of influenza A viruses and their capability to successfully infect an array of hosts, including avian and mammalian species, are highlighted in a discussion about host range and evolution. The importance of viral receptor-binding hemagglutinins and host sialic acid distribution in speciesrestricted binding of viruses is underscored. Finally, recent advances in our understanding of the seasonality and transmission of influenza viruses are described, and their importance for the control of the spread of these viruses is discussed.
Synthesis of copper-platinum nanoparticles induce apoptosis in THP-1 cells (2015)

Bimetallic nanoparticles are considered as next generation materials with synergistic optical, electrical and catalytic properties. They are composed of two different metals and exhibit superior performance as compared to their monometallic nanoparticles. In this present study we have developed a green synthetic route for the synthesis of Cu@Pt, using polyphenol as reducing, as well as functionalizing agent. The morphological and compositional properties of the synthesized Cu@Pt nanoparticles were analyzed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer. The electron microscopic images indicate that spherical Cu@Pt aggregates with ~ 30 nm size are formed. The cell viability assay revealed that Cu@Pt inhibit cell proliferation and enhances nuclear morphological changes, including cell shrinkage, intranucleosomal DNA fragmentation and chromatin condensation in THP-1 cells. Our findings confirm that Cu@Pt nanoparticles can open up new opportunities for cancer therapeutic applications.
Influence of functional groups on the degradation of graphene oxide nanomaterials (2019)

The influence of functional groups on the degradation of graphene oxide nanomaterials under direct sunlight was investigated by systematically varying the surface chemistry.
Collaborative editing of micro-tags (2009)

This paper introduces the InSight system, which was designed to explore two new concepts in social tagging. In this system, we introduce the concept of community-editable tags, a methodology that allows a community of users to edit, modify and delete tags of each other. The goal is to improve the quality of tags, and to reduce the proliferation of incorrect or incomplete tags often found in social networking systems. We also explore the concept of "micro-tagging," which has begun to appear in web-based applications. In "micro-tagging," the user attaches a tag to a subset of large media, such as a segment in a video or a region of an image. InSight allows users to create and edit video micro-tags. Users can mark specific time intervals within a video, and specific spatial locations within video frames, and these tags can be edited by subsequent users. We also present an empirical study which demonstrates an improvement in factual tag quality when the community of users is allowed to edit and delete each others' tags. These results provide a first step in demonstrating how refining tags would make them more valuable for search.
Non-radiative energy-transfer-driven quantum dot LEDs (2010)

Semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dots with their tunable optical properties, narrow photoluminescence, and high photostability have generated great interest in light-emitting device applications. [1, 2] Such colloidal quantum dots that are directly electrically driven in light-emitting diode (LED) structures have been extensively studied in the last decade. However, these LEDs unfortunately suffer from the fundamental problem of poor charge injection into these nanocrystals, which have high potential barriers due to their ligands surrounding them. This problem has been investigated and attempted to be minimized through various optimization methods. [3, 4] As a result, although today the device external quantum efficiencies can now reach ca 2.7 % [5], the main problem with charge injection still exists. On the other hand, conjugated conductive polymers are being used for organic based LEDs for several decades. These LEDs can reach higher quantum efficiencies over 20 % [6]. But these devices suffer in most of the cases from instabilities and degradation of the polymer active layers. To combine the advantages of each material system, hybrid organic-inorganic structures have also previously been investigated to obtain more ingenious devices. However, in all of these hybrid devices, the basic operation has mainly been based on the same mechanism of conventional charge injection into the nanocrystal active material.
The role of the lac promotor locus in the regulation of beta-galactosidase synthesis by cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate. (1968)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.