gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Assisting Converter Based Topologies for Low-Volume High-Efficiency Battery Management Systems (2016)

Conventional battery management systems (BMSs) for applications that require voltage stepping-up, such as automotive and portable systems, usually consist of a battery pack, a battery charger, and a step-up dc-dc converter. \nIn those applications, a balancing circuit which compensates for different states of charge (SOC) of individual cells is a highly desirable feature. The SOC difference occurs due to aging and differences in the manufacturing process. Through cell balancing the effective capacity and lifetime of the battery pack can be significantly increased. Even though the benefits of cell balancing circuits have been recognized, their use is relatively sparse in the targeted applications, due to overly large extra cost, weight, and volume they add to the system. \nIn this work, a novel battery management architecture (BMA) that integrates voltage stepping-up and cells balancing functionalities in a single converter topology is introduced, offering a solution for a cost-effective implementation of the balancing feature. Moreover, the new architecture has a smaller overall size and better power processing efficiency than the conventional solutions not incorporating the balancing feature.\nIn the new BMA, named the assisting converter architecture, the output of the converter is placed on top of the battery pack and is therefore processing only a portion of the output power.\nTwo assisting converters utilizing the new BMA are introduced in this dissertation namely, the assisting dual active bridge (DAB) converter and the assisting flyback converter. The assisting DAB converter represents the battery power management system for automotive applications and the assisting flyback converter is designed for portable electronics applications.
Mechanistic Basis of the Fast Dark Recovery of the Short LOV Protein DsLOV from Dinoroseobacter shibae (2018)

Light, oxygen, voltage (LOV) proteins, a ubiquitously distributed class of photoreceptors, regulate a wide variety of light-dependent physiological responses. Because of their modular architecture, LOV domains, i.e., the sensory domains of LOV photoreceptors, have been widely used for the construction of optogenetic tools. We recently described the structure and function of a short LOV protein (DsLOV) from the marine phototropic bacterium Dinoroseobacter shibae, for which, in contrast to other LOV photoreceptors, the dark state represents the physiologically relevant signaling state. Among bacterial LOV photoreceptors, DsLOV possesses an exceptionally fast dark recovery, corroborating its function as a "dark" sensor. To address the mechanistic basis of this unusual characteristic, we performed a comprehensive mutational, kinetic, thermodynamic, and structural characterization of DsLOV. The mechanistic basis of the fast dark recovery of the protein was revealed by mutation of the previously noted uncommon residue substitution at position 49 found in DsLOV. The substitution of M49 with different residues that are naturally conserved in LOV domains tuned the dark-recovery time of DsLOV over 3 orders of magnitude, without grossly affecting its overall structure or the light-dependent structural change observed for the wild-type protein. Our study thus provides a striking example of how nature can achieve LOV photocycle tuning by subtle structural alterations in the LOV domain active site, highlighting the easy evolutionary adaptability of the light sensory function. At the same time, our data provide guidance for the mutational photocycle tuning of LOV domains, with relevance for the growing field of optogenetics.
OS9-4 An experimental study of bubble condensation behaviors in subcooled boiling (2007)

Characteristics of subcooled boiling are nonequilibrium and be caused by a nucleation boiling at the same time as a bubble condensation. It is difficult that a composite equation, which is applied for a two fluid model and three a fluid model for a phenomenon analysis, is established only fluid dynamics. Therefore, the composite equation is necessary that it is installed the liquid-vapor interaction equation. The establishment of the interaction equation is necessary several parameters. The several parameters are bubble diameter, bubble shape, interfacial density and interfacial share stress. It was known that the behavior of the bubble determines a void fraction, but it is not clear the relation. In this study is intended to consider that the bubble behavior, which was analyzed by high speed camera, has an effect on flow and void fraction. As the result, the diameter and a condensation velocity of the bubbler, which departs from heater, affect the flow and the void fraction.
Caractérisation d'un générateur portable : de l'énergie humaine à l'électricité (2002)

National audience
Production of a Highly Concentrated CaCO3Suspension by Cross‐Flow Microfiltration in the Presence of a Dispersant (2007)

Abstract This article presents the study of the cross‐flow microfiltration of an aqueous calcium carbonate suspension in the presence of dispersant in order to obtain the highly concentrated retentate. In the absence of a dispersant, the cross‐flow microfiltration with cylindrical ceramic membrane permitted to increase the CaCO3 suspension concentration from 27 to 36.5%. The retentate concentration is increased markedly in the presence of the dispersant (up to 70%). In the presence of the dispersant, the productivity of cross‐flow microfiltration of CaCO3 suspension is almost 30% higher than the productivity of dead‐end microfiltration of this suspension at the same pressure of 1 bar. However, the permeate contamination by the dispersant could not be avoided and a subsequent separation must be provided to purify the permeate.
Dependence of transfer reaction on solvent in the free radical polymerization of styrene: application to the synthesis of PS/PEO copolymers using PEO-based transfer agents (2000)

The ability of thiols, dithiobisthioformates and unsaturated peroxyketals to induce transfer in the free radical polymerization of styrene was investigated in various solvents. An increase of the polarity of the solvent resulted in the rise of the chain transfer coefficient in the thiol and dithiobisthioformate cases, while the behavior of unsaturated peroxyacetals was unaffected by the change of solvent. The ability of the two former transfer agents to exist in a polarized transition state in polar media accounted for this result. Taking advantage of these features, these transferring functions were introduced at the end of PEO chains and the resulting transfer agents were subsequently used to obtain PEO-b-PS copolymers. Among all hydrophilic transfer agents tried, methyl ether of ω-mercaptoacetate PEO with a molar mass of 2 000 g·mol–1 was found particularly interesting, exhibiting a transfer coefficient (Ct) close to the ideal value of 1 in acetonitrile/water (95/5) solution. Under these conditions and in the presence of the latter transfer agent, well-defined PS-b-PEO copolymers could be obtained by mere dispersion polymerization of styrene taken to completion.
3D chip-stacking technology with through-silicon vias and low-volume lead-free interconnections (2008)

Three-dimensional (3D) integration using through-silicon vias (TSVs) and low-volume lead-free solder interconnects allows the formation of high signal bandwidth, fine pitch, and short-distance interconnections in stacked dies. There are several approaches for 3D chip stacking including chip to chip, chip to wafer, and wafer to wafer. Chip-to-chip integration and chip-to-wafer integration offer the ability to stack known good dies, which can lead to higher yields without integrated redundancy. In the future, with structure and process optimization, wafer-to-wafer integration may provide an ultimate solution for the highest manufacturing throughput assuming a high yield and minimal loss of good dies and wafers. In the near term, chip-to-chip and chip-to-wafer integration may offer high yield, high flexibility, and high performance with added time-to-market advantages. In this work, results are reported for 3D integration after using a chip-to-wafer assembly process using 3D chip-stacking technology and fine-pitch interconnects with lead-free solder. Stacks of up to six dies were assembled and characterized using lead-free solder interconnections that were less than 6 µm in height. The average resistance of the TSV including the lead-free solder interconnect was as low as 21 mΩ.
A MICROFLUIDIC PLATFORM FOR THE FLUIDIC ISOLATION AND OBSERVATION OF CELLS CHALLENGED WITH PATHOGENS. (2016)

Abstract not provided.
Fixed Angle Fixation of Distal Radius Fractures Through a Minimally Invasive Approach (2005)

Treating unstable distal radius fractures in osteoporotic patients remains a challenge for the surgeon. Fixed angle plate fixation requires ample surgical dissection but has been shown to improve stability, allow early functional use of the hand and facilitate rehabilitation. We herein describe a treatment method that provides the benefits of fixed angle fixation while utilizing a minimally invasive approach. Stability is achieved by the use of a new implant that is placed through a small dorsal incision and minimizes extensor tendon disruption. This method finds application in the unstable extra-articular fracture of the high risk patient where minimal surgical morbidity is desirable and when reduction can be obtained without the need of extensive dissection. Clinical examples are fractures in the elderly patient where confusion can follow prolonged anesthesia, fractures in the patient with a bleeding disorder where a small wound volume is desirable and fractures in the polytraumatized patient where surgical time must be kept to a minimum. This technique allows anatomic reduction and stable fixation to be achieved in a short operative time and with minimal surgical insult while providing the compromised patient with a rapid recovery.
Impaired β-cell compensation to dexamethasone-induced hyperglycemia in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (2004)

Deterioration in glucose tolerance occurs rapidly in women with polycystic ovary syndrone (PCOS), suggesting that pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction may supervene early. To determine whether the compensatory insulin secretory response to an increase in insulin resistance induced by the glucocorticoid dexamethasone differs in women with PCOS and control subjects, we studied 10 PCOS and 6 control subjects with normal glucose tolerance. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and a graded glucose infusion protocol were performed at baseline and after subjects took 2.0 mg of dexamethasone orally. Basal (Phi(b)), static (Phi(s)), dynamic (Phi(d)), and global (Phi) indexes of beta-cell sensitivity to glucose were derived. Insulin sensitivity (S(i)) was calculated using the minimal model; a disposition index (DI) was calculated as the product of S(i) and Phi. PCOS and control subjects had nearly identical fasting and 2-h glucose levels at baseline. Phi(b) was higher, although not significantly so, in the PCOS subjects. The Phi(d), Phi(s), and Phi indexes were 28, 19, and 20% higher, respectively, in PCOS subjects. The DI was significantly lower in PCOS (30.01 +/- 5.33 vs. 59.24 +/- 7.59) at baseline. After dexamethasone, control subjects averaged a 9% increase (to 131 +/- 12 mg/dl) in 2-h glucose levels; women with PCOS had a significantly greater 26% increase to 155 +/- 6 mg/dl. The C-peptide-to-glucose ratios on OGTT increased by 44% in control subjects and by only 15% in PCOS subjects. The accelerated deterioration in glucose tolerance in PCOS may result, in part, from a relative attenuation in the response of the beta-cell to the demand placed on it by factors exacerbating insulin resistance.
Al-Free Sn-Beta Zeolite as a Catalyst for the Selective Reduction of Carbonyl Compounds (Meerwein−Ponndorf−Verley Reaction) (2002)

The catalytic activity of Sn-Beta zeolite in the Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley (MPV) reduction of carbonyl compounds with secondary alcohols was performed with quantitative yields to the corresponding alcohol. This heterogeneous catalyst exhibits activities and selectivities not observed before with other Me-zeolites.
Polymer optical waveguide devices for low-cost WDM module (2000)

In order to simultaneously realize high-speed data transmission, low-cost and lightweight network in automotive applications, a 3(lambda) WDM has been considered to be a suitable solution. We have developed two types of low-cost WDM modules using a polymer optical circuit. As the first method, we developed a planar optical circuit for interconnection between an optical fiber and an LD/PD chip using a PMMA waveguide having out-of-plane branching mirrors, fabricated simultaneously with a waveguide from a polymer film, using a newly-developed temperature-controlled RIE (Reactive Ion Etching) technique. The waveguide has a large diameter (100 x 100micrometers ) and a high-(Delta) (NA=0.5) structure. Transmission losses were 0.1 dB/cm (660nm), and 0.3 dB/cm (1320nm). As the second method, we employed a light-induced waveguide technology for the WDM module fabrication. When a GI optical fiber is soaked in two kinds of light-hardening resin blends in which the hardening wavelength differs ((lambda) <SUB>1</SUB>&gt;(lambda) <SUB>2</SUB>) , the resin is irradiated with (lambda) <SUB>1</SUB> light through the fiber, a hardened polymer waveguide having uniform diameter geometry would grow from the fiber tip. This method does not need any fiber alignment and packaging process; therefore, cost-effective module fabrication can be expected. This technique utilizes the self-focusing phenomenon of the optical fiber's outgoing beam by a refractive index increase in the material hardening process. We could also confirm two key component formations necessary for the WDM module: regrowth of the waveguide form the backside of a WDM filter after passing through it, and a 90 degree(s) reflected waveguide using a 45 degree(s) mirror.
Book reviews (1994)

Brigadier General Denis Whitaker and Shelagh Whitaker, Dieppe: Tragedy to Triumph (Toronto and Montreal: McGraw‐Hill Ryerson, 1992). Pp.xvi + 372. David Kahn, Seizing the Enigma: The Race to Break the German U‐boat Codes, 1939–1943 (Boston/London: Houghton Mifflin Company/Souvenir Press, 1991). Pp. xii + 336. US $24.95; £15.99. Dino A. Brugioni, Eyeball to Eyeball: The Inside Story of the Cuban Missile Crisis (New York: Random House, 1991). Pp. 9 + 622. US $35.00. James Dubro and Robin Rowland, Undercover: Cases of the RCMP ‘s Most Secret Operative (Markham, Ontario: Octopus Publishing, 1991). Pp. 314. $28.95. Stephen J. Cimbala, Clausewitz and Escalation: Classical Perspective on Nuclear Strategy (London: Frank Cass, 1991). Pp. 218. £32.00. Roger Carey and Trevor C. Salmon (eds), International Security in the Modern World (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1992). Pp. 241. £40.00. Philip M. Taylor, War and Media: Propaganda and Persuasion in the Gulf War (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1992). Pp. 14 + 338; index. £9.95. Alex Danchev (ed.), International Perspectives on the Falklands Conflict (London: Macmillan, 1992). Pp. xii + 277. £40.00. Alex Danchev (ed.), The Franks Report: Falkland Islands Review (London: Pimlico, 1992). Pp. xxiv+106. £9.00. Andrew Orgill, The Falklands War: Background, Conflict, Aftermath. An Annotated Bibliography (London: Mansell, 1993). Pp. xii + 132. £35.00. R. Connaughton, Military Intervention in the 1990s (London: Routledge, 1992). Pp. 208. £40.00. Steven Z. Freiberger, Dawn Over Suez: The Rise of American Power in the Middle East, 1953–1957 (Chicago, IL: Ivan R. Dee, 1992). Pp. 286. US $26.50. Sigmund Diamond, Compromised Campus: The Collaboration of Universities with the Intelligence Community, 1945–55 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1992). Pp. ix +371. US $27.95. David Cesarani, Justice Delayed: How Britain became a Refuge for Nazi War Criminals (London: Heinemann, 1992). Pp. 326. £17.50. Gary S. Messinger, British Propaganda and the State in the First World War (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1992). Pp. x + 292. £35.00. Bradley F. Smith, The Ultra‐Magic Deals and the Most Secret Special Relationship 1940–1946 (Novalo, CA/Shrewsbury: Presidio Press/Airline Press). Pp. 176. $24.95; £17.95. Peter R. Young (ed.), Defence and the Media in Time of Limited War (London: Frank Cass, 1992). Pp. 281. £30.00. James Wood, A History of International Broadcasting (London: Peter Peregrinus, in association with the Science Museum, London, No. 19 in the Institution of Electrical Engineers’ History of Technology Series, 1992). Pp.264. £30.00. Frank McLynn, Fitzroy Maclean (London: John Murray, 1992). Pp. 418. £25.00. Peter Tennant, Touchlines of War (Hull: University of Hull Press, 1992). Pp. 312. £8.95. Richard J. Aldrich (editor), British Intelligence, Strategy and the Cold War 1945–51 (London: Routledge, 1992). Pp. xiv + 347. £50.00 (hardback).
Isolating Human Monoclonal Antibodies Against Adeno-Associated Virus From Donors With Pre-existing Immunity (2020)

With the advent of single B-cell cloning technology, we can isolate antibodies against virtually any antigen to study the interaction of a given pathogen with the immune system and develop novel therapeutic strategies. Antibodies directed against the capsid of adeno-associated viruses (AAV) are a significant obstacle to effectively leveraging AAV as a gene-delivery vector in seropositive individuals. In order to design next-generation vectors that can evade neutralization by these antibodies, studies have mapped the epitopes of mouse monoclonal antibodies generated by immunization with AAV. Although these studies provide critical information regarding capsid immunogenicity, they cannot address (1) differences in the antibody repertoire generated in humans following AAV natural infection; or (2) how reactions can vary when generated in response to vector administration. Here, we isolated and evaluated a panel of novel, fully human anti-AAV antibodies by cloning single memory B cells from a seropositive normal donor. We have validated the utility of this approach to study AAV immunology. Our goal is to leverage this knowledge to design novel AAV variants that can effectively transduce target tissues in individuals with AAV-neutralizing antibodies.
A Ubiquitin Independent Degradation Pathway Utilized by a Hepatitis B Virus Envelope Protein to Limit Antigen Presentation (2011)

Hepatitis B virus envelope glycoproteins Large (L), Middle (M) and Small (S) are targets of the host cellular immune system. The extent to which the host recognizes viral antigens presented by infected cells is believed to play a decisive role in determining if an infection will be resolved or become chronic. As with other antigens, HBV envelope polypeptides must be degraded, presumably by cellular proteasomes, to be presented by the MHC I pathway. We have used M as a model to study this process and determine how ER quality control monitors these foreign polymeric proteins and disposes of them through the ER-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway. Using both wild type and mutant HBV M protein, we found that unlike most ERAD substrates, which require ubiquitination for retrotranslocation and degradation, the HBV M protein, which only contains two lysine residues, can undergo rapid and complete, ubiquitin independent, proteasome dependent degradation. The utilization of this pathway had a functional consequence, since proteins degraded through it, were poorly presented via MHC I. To test the hypothesis that the level of ubiquitination, independent of protein degradation, controls the level of antigen presentation, we inserted two additional lysines into both the wild type and mutant M protein. Amazingly, while the addition of the lysine residues dramatically increased the level of ubiquitination, it did not alter the rate of degradation. However and remarkably, the increased ubiquitination was associated with a dramatic increase in the level of antigen presentation. In conclusion, using the HBV surface protein as a model, we have identified a novel ubiquitin independent degradation pathway and determined that this pathway can have implications for antigen presentation and potentially viral pathogenesis.
Recursive interpolation filters for video coding (2016)

Derivation of FIR/IIR cascades for sub-pixel interpolation filters for video coding is considered. Correct adaptation of reflective and anti-reflective boundary conditions to different poles is proposed. Considered cascades are reported to be unique in the sense of the best trade-off between good precision and low computational costs.
POTENTIALITIES OF INFRARED ANALYSIS OF LIPIDS OF THE BRAIN (1954)

Author Institution: Laboratories of Philadelphia, General Hospital
Ras-independent oncogenic transformation by an EGF-receptor mutant (2000)

Mutations in the ligand-binding domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor have been identified in several types of human cancers, including malignant gliomas. These mutations render signaling by this receptor to be constitutively ligand-independent. In fibroblasts transformed with ligand-independent epidermal growth factor receptor mutants, there is a correlation between the formation of a unique phosphotyrosine protein complex and oncogenic transformation. This phosphoprotein complex includes Grb2, Shc, Sos, tyrosine-phosphorylated form of caldesmon, and two, as yet, unidentified proteins. The presence of Grb2, Shc, and Sos in this complex implicates Ras in ligand-independent signaling by these oncogenic epidermal growth factor receptor mutants. We, therefore, have used retroviral co-infections of cultured primary fibroblasts to determine if Ras activation is required for phosphoprotein complex formation, stress fiber loss, or transformation. As predicted, expression of a dominant-negative Ras mutant (N17Ras) completely abrogates ligand-stimulated soft agar colony growth of primary fibroblasts. In contrast, N17Ras expression has no effect on v-ErbB mediated stress fiber disassembly, soft agar colony growth, or phosphoprotein complex assembly. In addition, our data suggest that ligand-dependent Ras activation may be suppressed by oncogenic v-ErbB expression. Together these observations suggest that oncogenic signaling by v-ErbB does not require Ras activation, and implicate an alternative signal transduction pathway in ligand-independent epidermal growth factor receptor oncogenic signaling.