gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Changes in eating behavior, taste and food preferences and the effects of gastrointestinal hormones (2018)

Eating behavior is a complex response to different internal and external factors and whose aim is to preserve the homeostasis of energy intake, the stability of body weight and ultimately health. Although under physiological conditions, energy intake is relatively stable over the long period, many stimuli (i.e., mechanical, metabolic, environmental, etc.) may acutely influence energy intake. To offset or minimize the effects of such stimuli on energy homeostasis, humans are equipped with neuronal complex mechanisms integrating peripheral and environmental signals. In particular, eating behavior is determined by homeostatic feeding and hedonic feeding. In the presence of changes in taste or smell, these mechanisms interact with peripheral effectors, including gastrointestinal peptides, to preserve energy intake and ultimately body weight. Aging is associated with a progressive inability of these systems to protect net food intake. Also, changes of eating behavior during disease appear to be related to the activation of a specific neuronal emergency circuit, which promotes anorexia. The persistence during evolution of the emergency pathway suggests that still unidentified component of anorexia and fasting metabolism could be exploited to enhance recovery of patients with acute and possibly chronic diseases.
High-resolution optical coherence microscopy for high-speed, in vivo cellular imaging (2003)

Optical coherence microscopy (OCM) is demonstrated with a high-speed, broadband, reflective-grating phase modulator and a femtosecond Ti:Al2O3 laser. The novel system design permits high-resolution OCM imaging in a new operating regime in which a short coherence gate is used to relax the requirement for high-numerical-aperture confocal axial sectioning. In vivo cellular imaging is demonstrated in the Xenopus laevis tadpole and in human skin with a 3-microm coherence gate and a 30-microm confocal gate. The ability to achieve cellular imaging with a lower numerical aperture should facilitate the development of miniaturized probes for in vivo imaging applications.
A Ka-band high-pass distributed amplifier in 120nm SiGe BiCMOS (2010)

Traditional low-pass distributed amplifiers have been integrated into CMOS and BiCMOS for broadband applications; however, an alternate approach is distributing amplifier stages using a high pass synthetic transmission line. A high-pass distributed amplifier is suggested using a high-pass constant-k filter structure for both the input and output lines. The four stage amplifier has a gain of 8.3 dB over a 3dB bandwidth from 21 – 42.5 GHz. S11 is below −6.3 dB while S22 is below −9.2 dB. The minimum noise figure is 6.9 dB, and output P1dB is 0 dBm. This high-pass distributed amplifier was fabricated in a 120nm SiGe BiCMOS process. The chip area is 0.6 × 1.0mm including the pads and consumes 28 mW from a 1.7V supply.
Survival and growth of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) seedlings in north Sweden: effects of planting position and arginine phosphate addition (2021)

Forest regeneration by tree planting on harvested sites in the boreal forests of northern Europe is frequently preceded by site preparation to increase survival and growth of the seedlings. We studied whether a small addition of arginine phosphate (AP treatment) at the time of planting would further enhance the seedlings' early performance. Following two growth seasons, we investigated survival and growth of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) seedlings on 11 locations between latitudes 61.1°N and 67.1°N in the boreal forest of northern Sweden. The planting positions of seedlings were on capped mounds and bare mineral soil following mechanical site preparation, and in non-prepared soil. We found that seedling survival following site preparation increased with AP treatment. On capped mounds, seedling survival was more variable and appeared more dependent on precipitation during the first month after planting than seedlings positioned in the mineral soil. The positive effect of AP treatment on seedling growth differed between sites and was more pronounced on sites with longer growing seasons. AP treatment had no significant effect on survival of seedlings planted in non-prepared soil, while the positive effect on growth was more pronounced at sites with higher fertility using this planting position.
Research Collaboration Between Korea University And Penn State For The Development Of An Advanced Video Codec (2020)

In this work, we would like to highlight an international collaboration between Korea University, one of the premier universities in South Korea, and Penn State University-Harrisburg, for the development of an advanced video CODEC.It has been recently noticed that video coding based on 3-dimensional (3D) wavelet transforms has the potential of providing a scalable representation of video with variable spatial, temporal, and quality resolution.In this paper, we present a MATLAB-based software for the implementation of an advanced 3D dual-tree discrete wavelet transform video coding (DDWTVC).Compression ratio performance of the implemented CODEC that corresponds to a certain reconstruction quality is measured.Results show that the implemented DDWTVC offers better rate-distortion performance and superior visual quality than the 3D SPIHT, which is another well-known embedded video-coding algorithm with spatial, temporal, and PSNR-scalable bitstreams.
Combining Imaging and Non-Imaging Observations for Improved Space-Object Identification (2011)

Abstract : The accomplishments may be subdivided according to the project s theoretical, experimental, and post-processing/computational objectives. Among the theoretical accomplishments, we list a new model for a sparse representation of man-made space objects and its use, via a new spectral-correlation approach, to segment their material components; the use of 2D segment-boundary data for multiple poses of a man-made space object to recover its 3D shape; new fundamental results involving statistical information and Bayesian error bounds for characterizing the performance of reconstruction algorithms, and feature extraction and estimation fidelity; and the use of Fisher information and the associated Cramer-Rao lower bound on estimator variance to characterize the value of a prior knowledge of object support for spatial-bandwidth extension beyond diffraction-limited observations.
Abstract 20389: Transendocardial Stem Cell Injection Site Tissue Viability Predicts Scar Size Reduction in Myocardial Segmental Analysis in a Swine Model of Ischemic Cardiomyopathy (2014)

Background: Transendocardial Stem Cell Injections (TESI) decrease scar size. We hypothesized that there is greater scar size reduction when TESI occurs in infarct-border zone (IZ/BZ) with more viability (>6mV Unipolar voltage) compared to segments with less viability ( Methods: Gottingen mini-swine (n=28) underwent 150-minute occlusion of the LAD coronary artery followed by reperfusion. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) was obtained before and after therapy. At 90 days post-MI, transendocardial injection of either: Combination of CSCs and MSCs (1M/200M, Combo, n=7), MSCs (200M, n=6), or placebo (Plasmalyte, n=6) were administered to the IZ/BZ. Biplane left ventriculography and endocardial border tracings were recorded and compared. TESI was guided to 10 sites in IZ/BZ using ventriculographic wall motion correlated with CMR. Sites were mapped according to the 16-myocardial segment model. We analyzed 320 segments in 20 swine pre-and post-TESI. Injection sites were recorded with the electroanatomical mapping of the NOGA system. The unipolar voltage of each injection site and the occurrence of premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) were recorded. Results: Agreement between NOGA regional map and endocardial tracings regional map was 0.749 with 95% CI (0.670, 0.828). Allocation of TESI sites were assessed according to the endocardial tracing generated 16 segment maps. Scar size was only reduced in segments with TESI site voltages greater than 6mV (Combo: from 0.67g to 0.51g P=0.02, MSC: from 0.7g to 0.61g P=.002) compared to no change in scar size in segments with 6mV vs. 0.05). Additionally, there was a greater reduction of transmural scar (from 1.09g to 0.62g P=0.03 ) compared to an unchanged non-transmural scar after TESI (between group comparison P Conclusions: These findings suggest that the site of TESI is an important parameter, and responses to TESI are voltage dependent. A unipolar voltage of >6mV, but not the presence of PVC, predicts scar size reduction.
Specifying and Verifying Cross-Organizational Business Models: An Agent-Oriented Approach (2011)

Cross-organizational business processes are routine in today's economy. Of necessity, enterprises conduct their business in cooperation to create products and services for the marketplace. Thus business processes inherently involve autonomous partners with heterogeneous software designs and implementations. Therefore, it would be natural to model such processes via high-level abstractions that reflect the contractual relationships among the business partners. Yet, in today's IT practice, cross-organizational processes are modeled at a low level of abstraction in terms of the control and data flow among the participants. This paper makes the following contributions. First, it proposes a simple, yet expressive, declarative way to specify business models at a high level based on the notion of commitments. Second, it shows how such a high-level model maps to a conventional operational model. Third, it provides a basis for verifying the correctness of the operational representations with respect to the declarative business model using existing temporal model checking tools. This paper validates the above claims using the well-known Quote To Cash business process, e.g., as supported by vendors such as SAP and applied in large enterprises. In this manner, this paper helps bridge the gap between high-level business models and their IT realizations.
Generalized Approximate Message Passing for Estimation with Random Linear Mixing (2010)

We consider the estimation of an i.i.d.\ random vector observed through a linear transform followed by a componentwise, probabilistic (possibly nonlinear) measurement channel. A novel algorithm, called generalized approximate message passing (GAMP), is presented that provides computationally efficient approximate implementations of max-sum and sum-problem loopy belief propagation for such problems. The algorithm extends earlier approximate message passing methods to incorporate arbitrary distributions on both the input and output of the transform and can be applied to a wide range of problems in nonlinear compressed sensing and learning. Extending an analysis by Bayati and Montanari, we argue that the asymptotic componentwise behavior of the GAMP method under large, i.i.d. Gaussian transforms is described by a simple set of state evolution (SE) equations. From the SE equations, one can \emph{exactly} predict the asymptotic value of virtually any componentwise performance metric including mean-squared error or detection accuracy. Moreover, the analysis is valid for arbitrary input and output distributions, even when the corresponding optimization problems are non-convex. The results match predictions by Guo and Wang for relaxed belief propagation on large sparse matrices and, in certain instances, also agree with the optimal performance predicted by the replica method. The GAMP methodology thus provides a computationally efficient methodology, applicable to a large class of non-Gaussian estimation problems with precise asymptotic performance guarantees.
Selection of Mutant CHO Cells with Constitutive Activation of the HIF System and Inactivation of the von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor (2001)

Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) mediates a widespread transcriptional response to hypoxia through binding to cis-acting DNA sequences termed hypoxia response elements (HREs). Activity of the transcriptional complex is suppressed in the presence of oxygen by processes that include the targeting of HIF-alpha subunits for ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. To provide further insights into these processes we constructed Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells bearing stably integrated plasmids that expressed HRE-linked surface antigens and used these cells in genetic screens for mutants that demonstrated constitutive up-regulation of HRE activity. From mutagenized cultures, clones were isolated that demonstrated up-regulation of HRE activity and increased HIF-1alpha protein levels in normoxic culture. Transfection and cell fusion studies suggested that these cells possess recessive defects that affect one or more pathways involved in HIF-alpha proteolysis. Two lines were demonstrated to harbor truncating mutations in the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene. In these cells, defects in ubiquitylation of exogenous human HIF-1alpha in vitro could be complemented by wild type pVHL, and re-expression of a wild type VHL gene restored a normal pattern of HIF/HRE activity, demonstrating the critical dependence of HIF regulation on pVHL in CHO cells. In contrast, other mutant cells had no demonstrable mutation in the VHL gene, and ubiquitylated exogenous HIF-1alpha normally, suggesting that they contain defects at other points in the oxygen-regulated processing of HIF-alpha subunits.
Cover Picture: Why Does Industry Not Use Immobilized Transition Metal Complexes as Catalysts? (Adv. Synth. Catal. 1/2016) (2015)

The front cover picture, provided by Sandra Hübner, Vittorio Farina and Johannes G. de Vries, illustrates the conclusion of their review article on "Why Does Industry Not Use Immobilized Transition Metal Complexes as Catalysts?" Much effort has gone into the immobilization of homogeneous catalysts in an attempt to create a catalyst that is easily removed and that can be reused many times. The authors find that in practice the immobilized catalysts never achieve more turnovers than the homogeneous catalyst. In addition they are often slower, more expensive and the large amount of carrier material leads to more waste. Details can be found in the review on pages 3--25 (S. Hübner, J. G. de Vries, V. Farina, Adv. Synth. Catal. 2016, 358, 3--25; DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201500846).
Nature of Carbon Black Reinforcement of Rubber: Perspective on the Original Polymer Nanocomposite (2021)

Adding carbon black (CB) particles to elastomeric polymers is essential to the successful industrial use of rubber in many applications, and the mechanical reinforcing effect of CB in rubber has been studied for nearly 100 years. Despite these many decades of investigations, the origin of stiffness enhancement of elastomers from incorporating nanometer-scale CB particles is still debated. It is not universally accepted whether the interactions between polymer chains and CB surfaces are purely physical adsorption or whether some polymer-particle chemical bonds are also introduced in the process of mixing and curing the CB-filled rubber compounds. We review key experimental observations of rubber reinforced with CB, including the finding that heat treatment of CB can greatly reduce the filler reinforcement effect in rubber. The details of the particle morphology and surface chemistry are described to give insights into the nature of the CB-elastomer interfaces. This is followed by a discussion of rubber processing effects, the influence of CB on crosslinking, and various chemical modification approaches that have been employed to improve polymer-filler interactions and reinforcement. Finally, we contrast various models that have been proposed for rationalizing the CB reinforcement of elastomers.
Use of Early Clinical Trial Data to Support Thorough QT Study Waiver for Upadacitinib and Utility of Food Effect to Demonstrate ECG Assay Sensitivity (2017)

Exposure-response analyses of QT data from early-stage clinical studies represent a valuable tool to assess the QT prolongation potential for drugs in development in lieu of standalone thorough QT (TQT) studies. However, demonstrating adequate electrocardiogram assay sensitivity can be challenging in the absence of a positive pharmacological control. Upadacitinib is a Janus kinase 1 inhibitor currently being evaluated in phase III rheumatoid arthritis trials. Exposure-response analyses to evaluate the QT prolongation potential for upadacitinib from phase I trials and the utility of the effect of food on QTcF to demonstrate ECG assay sensitivity are presented. The analyses demonstrated no effect of upadacitinib on QT interval and confirmed the sensitivity of the ECG assay to detect the small QT shortening effect caused by food. Lack of bias from manual ECG adjudication was also demonstrated. These analyses supported requesting a waiver for the regulatory requirement for a dedicated thorough QT study for upadacitinib.
Inhibitor binding of nitrile hydratase fromRhodococcus sp. N771 in the photoactivation process (2002)

Nitrile Hydratase (NHase) from Rhodococcus sp. N771 contains a mononuclear non-heme iron center. NHase is inactivated by nitrosylation. The nitric monoxide molecule on the iron center is dissociated by photo-irradiation, possibly replaced with a water molecule in the active state. Sulfur atoms of Cys112 and Cys114, coordinating to the iron center, are post-translationally modified to cysteine-sulfinic (Cys112-SO2H) and cysteine-sulfenic acid (Cys114-SOH), respectively (Nat. Struct. Biol., 5, 347-351, 1998). To study the photoactivation process and the reaction mechanism of NHase, we prepared the crystals of the complex between inactive NHase and an irreversible inhibitor, cyclohexyl isocyanide by soaking experiments and investigated the structural changes induced by photo-irradiation. The crystals were irradiated with a normal fluorescent lamp (14 mW/cm 2 ) for 0hr, 0.75hr, 1.0hr, 1.5hr, and 2.0hr at 4C and stored in the liquid nitrogen. X-ray diffraction data sets for the crystals were collected in the light using BL44B2 at SPring-8. Crystal structures were refined using CNS and SHELX-97 at 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.2, and 1.7 resolutions to R-factors of 15.5, 14.9, 15.5, 15.5, and 14.8%, respectively. Upon photoactivation, the isocyanide group of the inhibitor turned to the opposite direction and bound directly to the iron. Surprisingly, the electron density for the O of Cys114-SOH gradually decreased and disappeared at 1.0hr photo-irradiation, but appeared again in the crystals further irradiated. O of Cys114-SOH might be replaced with an oxygen atom of water molecule during inhibitor binding to NHase.
Supplementary Data from PAK4-NAMPT Dual Inhibition Sensitizes Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors to Everolimus (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figures&lt;/p&gt;
Sampson Norton, Knt. (1889)

Journal Article Sampson Norton, Knt. Get access Henry Taylor Henry Taylor Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s7-VIII, Issue 184, 6 July 1889, Page 9, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s7-VIII.184.9e Published: 06 July 1889
Fusarin C, (7Z)-Fusarin C and (5Z)-Fusarin C; Inhibitors of Dihydroxynaphthalene-melanin Biosynthesis from Nectria coccinea (Cylindrocarpon sp.). (1997)

In Ascomycotina and related Deuteromycotina, the dark-brown to black pigments
A 127 kb truncating deletion of PGRMC1 is a novel cause of X-linked isolated paediatric cataract (2021)

Abstract Inherited paediatric cataract is a rare Mendelian disease that results in visual impairment or blindness due to a clouding of the eye’s crystalline lens. Here we report an Australian family with isolated paediatric cataract, which we had previously mapped to Xq24. Linkage at Xq24–25 (LOD = 2.53) was confirmed, and the region refined with a denser marker map. In addition, two autosomal regions with suggestive evidence of linkage were observed. A segregating 127 kb deletion (chrX:g.118373226_118500408del) in the Xq24–25 linkage region was identified from whole-genome sequencing data. This deletion completely removed a commonly deleted long non-coding RNA gene LOC101928336 and truncated the protein coding progesterone receptor membrane component 1 ( PGRMC1 ) gene following exon 1. A literature search revealed a report of two unrelated males with non-syndromic intellectual disability, as well as congenital cataract, who had contiguous gene deletions that accounted for their intellectual disability but also disrupted the PGRMC1 gene. A morpholino-induced pgrmc1 knockdown in a zebrafish model produced significant cataract formation, supporting a role for PGRMC1 in lens development and cataract formation. We hypothesise that the loss of PGRMC1 causes cataract through disrupted PGRMC1-CYP51A1 protein–protein interactions and altered cholesterol biosynthesis. The cause of paediatric cataract in this family is the truncating deletion of PGRMC1 , which we report as a novel cataract gene.
Characterization of the Rapidly Renaturing Sequences in the Main CsCl Density Bands of Drosophila, Mouse, and Human DNA (1974)

Our view that there is a hierarchy of genetic regulation of RNA transcription in the higher organism has been presented by Hearst and Botchan (1970), Botchan (1972), and Hearst and Botchan (1973). The detailed description and evidence for this position may be found in these references, but a brief description consists of the following two statements. (1) The first and dominant level of control is structural and is determined by the state of chromosome coiling. Examples of this type of control are the variegated position effects in Drosophila (Baker, 1968) and the AC-DS heterochromatin of maize (McClintock, 1951). The common feature of all examples of such structural control is the involvement of heterochromatin. The heterochromatin is a portion of the genome which remains tightly condensed throughout the cell cycle instead of decondensing after metaphase. Since this type of control is not gene-specific but position-specific, and since it usually applies to...
Demystifying Learning Rate Policies for High Accuracy Training of Deep Neural Networks (2019)

Learning Rate (LR) is an important hyper-parameter to tune for effective training of deep neural networks (DNNs). Even for the baseline of a constant learning rate, it is non-trivial to choose a good constant value for training a DNN. Dynamic learning rates involve multi-step tuning of LR values at various stages of the training process and offer high accuracy and fast convergence. However, they are much harder to tune. In this paper, we present a comprehensive study of 13 learning rate functions and their associated LR policies by examining their range parameters, step parameters, and value update parameters. We propose a set of metrics for evaluating and selecting LR policies, including the classification confidence, variance, cost, and robustness, and implement them in LRBench, an LR benchmarking system. LRBench can assist end-users and DNN developers to select good LR policies and avoid bad LR policies for training their DNNs. We tested LRBench on Caffe, an open source deep learning framework, to showcase the tuning optimization of LR policies. Evaluated through extensive experiments, we attempt to demystify the tuning of LR policies by identifying good LR policies with effective LR value ranges and step sizes for LR update schedules.
Supplementary Data from Inhibition of CDK4/6 Promotes CD8 T-cell Memory Formation (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Combined 7 supplemental figures and 1 supplemental table&lt;/p&gt;