gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of α 5 β 1 integrin with the clinically validated small peptide, ATN‐161 stabilizes cerebral vasculature, reduces inflammation, and decreases blood‐brain barrier permeability after experimental ischemic stroke (2019)

Stroke is the second leading cause of death and the leading cause of long‐term disability worldwide. Blood‐brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction exacerbates reperfusion‐induced injury after recanalization in ischemic stroke. Endothelial cell integrin receptors, specifically the β 1 subtype, play a direct role in this BBB dysfunction through regulation of barrier‐forming tight junction (TJ) proteins. We hypothesize that inhibition of a specific β 1 integrin subtype, α 5 β 1 , will stabilize the BBB, and thereby reduce infarct volumes and improve functional recovery after experimental stroke. Method Male C57BLJ6 mice underwent transient middle cerebral artery occlusion for 1 hour. Upon reperfusion, vehicle or the clinically validated α 5 β 1 inhibitor, ATN‐161 (1mg/kg), was injected intraperitoneally and repeated 24 and 48 hours later. Infarct volume (TTC and MRI – DTI sequence) and edema volume (T2‐weighted MRI) was determined on PSD3. Functional recovery was determined by an 11‐point Neuroscore on PSD1‐PSD7. Physiological measurements, including pulse distention, heart rate and body temperature, were obtained before, during and after the initial dose of ATN‐161. Immunohistochemical analysis of α 5 β 1 , claudin‐5, CD45 (pan‐leukocyte), and IgG, expression was performed on PSD3. qPCR analysis on claudin‐5, collagen IV, MMP‐9, IL‐1β, and CXCL12 were performed on PSD3. Results ATN‐161 administration reduced infarct volume, edema volume, and functional deficit. ATN‐161 also resulted in cerebral vascular stabilization by a decrease in MMP‐9 and increases in claudin‐5, and collagen IV. Furthermore, IL‐1β and CD45 was reducedupon ATN‐161 administration, suggesting a decrease in the post‐stroke inflammatory response. Together, the cerebrovascular stabilization and decrease in inflammation resulted in less IgG extraversion, suggesting a more intact BBB. Collectively, administration of ATN‐161 post‐stroke produced significant benefits, and thus could represent a novel stroke therapy worthy of further investigation. Support or Funding Information This work was supported by NIH R01NS065842. This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .
Estrés oxidativo / nitro-oxidativo como blanco terapéutico en enfermedades neurodegenerativas (2014)

Neuroprotección en Enfermedades Neuro y Heredo Degenerativas &nbsp;is the result of the commitment to provide the Spanish-speaking community of a reference handbook on hereditary and neurological degenerative diseases. This work has been performed by a team of European and Latin American scientists, and it is an example of the quest for scientific truth of the scientific community in the 21st century. The book provides up-to-date information and procedures to face the ancestral challenge of preventing and healing the diseases related with our brain. This work is addressed fo students and professionals related, directly or indirectly, to human health care such as doctors, nurse practitioners, biologists, genetists, scientists in the pharmaceutical industry and others. This address does not exclude other people interested in the borders of scientific knowledge on human brain and in the diseases related with human aging.
Time‐ and Temperature‐Independent Local Carrier Mobility and Effects of Regioregularity in Polymer‐Fullerene Organic Semiconductors (2016)

Organic semiconducting polymers exhibit complex microstructure and disorder over a wide range of length scales, which impact the electronic transport properties relevant for the development of photovoltaic devices. Typical transport measurements blur together intermolecular and intramolecular conduction processes, making it difficult to develop an understanding of how disorder on different length scales impacts device performance. This work uses time‐resolved terahertz (THz) spectroscopy to selectively study intramolecular carrier transport in poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT). At 2 THz, P3HT polymers with different side chain regularity have fast THz carrier mobility ranging from 0.1 to 0.4 cm 2 V −1 s −1 , and the mobility dependence on the side chain regularity is much smaller than studied by other macroscopic mobility measurements. The fast local carrier mobility allows us to understand how the efficiency of charge‐transfer state splitting is high in these polymers and shows that local disorder does not strongly impact intramolecular transport processes. Moreover, the local mobility does not exhibit changes with temperature or time within the 1 ns duration probed, indicating that local carrier transport is always fast. To fully understand the differences in time and temperature dependence on carrier transport at different length scales, a transport model that separates local transport from intermolecular carrier hopping is required.
ChemInform Abstract: Chelate‐Controlled Carbonyl Addition Reactions. The Exceptional Chelating Ability of Dimethylaluminum Chloride and Methylaluminum Dichloride. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Use of a Novel Osteotomy Guide (Bonetractor) for Closing Wedge Osteotomies: Ex vivo Evaluation of Osteotomy Accuracy (2019)

Introduction: Wedge osteotomies are a common orthopedic procedure performed to treat various conditions in animals and people. In particular, closing wedge osteotomies (CWO) are frequently performed for the correction of angular limb deformities and cranial cruciate ligament disease in dogs. Osteotomy accuracy is essential for proper alignment, reduction, and appropriate implant placement. In people, procedure-specific osteotomy guides are used to improve accuracy. However, such guides are not utilized in veterinary medicine, and none of the currently available devices allow for accurate completion of a coplanar wedge osteotomy. The goal of this research was to design a device that produces consistent, coplanar CWOs. We hypothesized that this device would produce osteotomies that are more accurate than osteotomies created using standard technique.
Analysis of Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) Immunopeptidomes Using Mass Spectrometry* (2015)

The myriad of peptides presented at the cell surface by class I and class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules are referred to as the immunopeptidome and are of great importance for basic and translational science. For basic science, the immunopeptidome is a critical component for understanding the immune system; for translational science, exact knowledge of the immunopeptidome can directly fuel and guide the development of next-generation vaccines and immunotherapies against autoimmunity, infectious diseases, and cancers. In this mini-review, we summarize established isolation techniques as well as emerging mass spectrometry-based platforms (i.e. SWATH-MS) to identify and quantify MHC-associated peptides. We also highlight selected biological applications and discuss important current technical limitations that need to be solved to accelerate the development of this field.
Electrically tunable microlens arrays based on polarization-independent optical phase of nano liquid crystal droplets dispersed in polymer matrix (2015)

Electrically tunable focusing microlens arrays based on polarization independent optical phase of nano liquid crystal droplets dispersed in polymer matrix are demonstrated. Such an optical medium is optically isotropic which is so-called an optically isotropic liquid crystals (OILC). We not only discuss the optical theory of OILC, but also demonstrate polarization independent optical phase modulation based on the OILC. The experimental results and analytical discussion show that the optical phase of OILC microlens arrays results from mainly orientational birefringence which is much larger than the electric-field-induced birefringence (or Kerr effect). The response time of OILC microlens arrays is fast~5.3ms and the tunable focal length ranges from 3.4 mm to 3.8 mm. The potential applications are light field imaging systems, 3D integrating imaging systems and devices for augment reality.
Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate Crystal Growth (1993)

Abstract The growth rate of calcium oxalate monohydrate seed representing aggregates of highly irregular crystals from solutions of the stoichiometric composition with I = 100 mol m −3 in the range of supersaturation Δ c = 0.056 to 0.353 mol m −3 was measured at 37 °C by the constant composition method. The crystal growth rate decreased during the initial period of experiment, then reached a value constant over a considerable time and later increased again. The initial decrease of the growth rate resulted from crystal perfection whereas the later increase was caused by formation of new crystals by secondary nucleation. The supersaturation dependence of the kinetic growth rate satisfied the power law with the growth order equal to 2 and 4 at supersaturations lower and higher than about Δ c = 0.150 mol m −3 , respectively.
Non-negative Matrix Factorization applied to in vivo optical fluorescence spectroscopy: a blind sources separation method to unmix intrinsic and specific fluorescence (2009)

International audience
Mk x Nk gated CMOS imager (2014)

Our paper will describe a recently designed Mk x Nk x 10 um pixel CMOS gated imager intended to be first employed at the LLNL National Ignition Facility (NIF). Fabrication involves stitching MxN 1024x1024x10 um pixel blocks together into a monolithic imager (where M = 1, 2, . .10 and N = 1, 2, . . 10). The imager has been designed for either NMOS or PMOS pixel fabrication using a base 0.18 um/3.3V CMOS process. Details behind the design are discussed with emphasis on a custom global reset feature which erases the imager of unwanted charge in ~1 us during the fusion ignition process followed by an exposure to obtain useful data. Performance data generated by prototype imagers designed similar to the Mk x Nk sensor is presented.
Real-time analysis of uptake and bioactivatable cleavage of luciferin-transporter conjugates in transgenic reporter mice (2007)

Many therapeutic leads fail to advance clinically because of bioavailability, selectivity, and formulation problems. Molecular transporters can be used to address these problems. Molecular transporter conjugates of otherwise poorly soluble or poorly bioavailable drugs or probes exhibit excellent solubility in water and biological fluids and at the same time an enhanced ability to enter tissues and cells and with modification to do so selectively. For many conjugates, however, it is necessary to release the drug/probe cargo from the transporter after uptake to achieve activity. Here, we describe an imaging method that provides quantification of transporter conjugate uptake and cargo release in real-time in animal models. This method uses transgenic (luciferase) reporter mice and whole-body imaging, allowing noninvasive quantification of transporter conjugate uptake and probe (luciferin) release in real time. This process effectively emulates drug-conjugate delivery, drug release, and drug turnover by an intracellular target, providing a facile method to evaluate comparative uptake of new transporters and efficacy and selectivity of linker release as required for fundamental studies and therapeutic applications.
Synthesis and Crystal Growth Mechanism of PST-2: An Aluminosilicate SBS/SBT Zeolite Intergrowth (2022)

The synthesis of PST-2, an aluminosilicate zeolite intergrowth of cage-based, large-pore SBS and SBT topologies, and its intergrowth characteristics are presented. With the Si/Al ratio and crystallization inorganic structure-directing agent in zeolite synthesis mixtures fixed to 8.0 and Cs<sup>+</sup> ions, respectively, pure PST-2 is obtained at 120 °C using tetraalkylammonium ions with C/N<sup>+</sup> ratios of 5-9 as a charge density mismatch (CDM) organic structure-directing agent (OSDA). More interestingly, the intergrowth ratio between SBS and SBT in PST-2 was found to vary notably not only with the type of CDM OSDA employed but also with the crystallization time, unlike the case of other well-known zeolite intergrowths such as β and MFI/MEL. When tetraethylammonium ions are used as a CDM OSDA at 100 °C in the presence of Cs<sup>+</sup>, the SBS portion in PST-2 decreases from over 60% to less than 45% with increasing crystallization time from 2.5 to 14 days, suggesting that SBS formation is kinetically more favorable than SBT formation. A thorough characterization of changes in the crystallite dimension of PST-2 with crystallization time, together with those in the chemical composition, allowed us to propose a plausible crystal growth mechanism of this large-pore zeolite intergrowth.
In search of new herbicidal inhibitors of the non‐mevalonate pathway (2013)

The first five steps of the non-mevalonate pathway have been tested in high-throughput screening (HTS) campaigns, using enzymes of plant origin. Hit rates were in general relatively low, which could be attributed to the high polarity and charged nature of substrates and active sites of these enzymes. Still, for all the enzymes, apart from IspF (2-methylerythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate synthase), inhibitors could be identified with activities below 100 μM, and these were followed up to identify structure-activity relationships (SARs). For the enzyme IspD (2C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate cytidyltransferase), inhibitors with IC50 down to 35 nM were identified that also showed herbicidal activity.
Machine-learning-based automated loading of strontium isotopes into magneto-optical trap (2023)

We implemented optimization techniques of machine learning (ML) to obtain the mutually exclusive sets of experimental parameters that maximize the number of strontium atoms of different isotopes (88Sr, 86Sr, and 87Sr) in a magneto-optical trap (MOT). Machine learning optimization techniques are significantly faster than conventional manual optimization. While optimizing the parameters, these algorithms efficiently tackle the problem of being confined in one of the local maxima in the parametric space. Thus, ML can be implemented to automate the loading of different isotopes into MOT to perform multiple experiments in a single setup.
Proposed Multichannel Bidirectional Optical Limiting Amplifier Module with High Dynamic Range (1999)

Article Proposed Multichannel Bidirectional Optical Limiting Amplifier Module with High Dynamic Range was published on December 1, 1999 in the journal Journal of Optical Communications (volume 20, issue 6).
Oncogenic Action of Secreted Phospholipase A2 in Prostate Cancer (2004)

Mortality from prostate cancer is associated with progression of tumors to androgen-independent growth and metastasis. Eicosanoid products of both the cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX) pathways are important mediators of the proliferation of prostate cancer cells in culture and regulate tumor vascularization and metastasis in animal models. Pharmacologic agents that block either COX or LOX products effectively reduce the size of prostate cancer xenografts. Phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) enzymes regulate the provision of arachidonic acid to both COX- and LOX-derived eicosanoids, and a secreted form of the enzyme (sPLA(2)-IIA) is elevated in prostate cancer tissues. Here, we show by immunohistochemistry, in patients receiving androgen ablation therapy, that sPLA(2)-IIA remains elevated in remaining cancer cells relative to benign glands after treatment. Furthermore, sPLA(2)-IIA expression seen in benign glands is substantially decreased after androgen depletion, whereas cytosolic PLA(2)-alpha (cPLA(2)-alpha) levels are unchanged. sPLA(2)-IIA mRNA expression is detectable and inducible by androgen (0.01-10 nmol/L) in the androgen-sensitive cell line LNCaP, and exogenous addition of sPLA(2)-IIA (1-100 nmol/L), but not an inactive sPLA(2)-IIA mutant (H(48)Q), results in a dose-dependent increase in cell numbers or the fraction of cells in G(2)-M phase, which is inhibited by sPLA(2)-IIA-selective inhibitors. The effect of exogenous sPLA(2)-IIA can also be blocked by inhibition of cPLA(2)-alpha, suggesting a role for cPLA(2)-alpha in mediating sPLA(2)-IIAlpha action. sPLA(2)-IIA inhibitors suppressed basal proliferation in LNCaP cells and in the androgen-independent, sPLA(2)-positive cell line PC3 but not in the sPLA(2)-IIA-negative androgen-independent cell line DU145. Established PC3 xenograft tumors grew more slowly in mice treated with sPLA(2)-IIA inhibitors than those treated with saline only. The PLA(2) enzymes, and sPLA(2)-IIA in particular, thus represent important targets for the treatment of sPLA(2)-IIA-positive androgen-independent prostate cancer.
An any-cell(s)-to-any-cell(s) equalizer based on bidirectional inductor converters for series connected battery string (2016)

The equalization speed and efficiency are the key issues of battery equalization. In order to improve the equalization performance, this paper proposes an any-cell(s)-to-any-cell(s) equalizer based on bidirectional inductor converters. With inductor converter legs connected to each lithium-ion cell polarities, this topology can transfer energy from any cell(s) to any cell(s), which results in an enhancement of equalization efficiency and current. A prototype with five lithium-ion battery cells is implemented. Simulation and experimental results show the proposed scheme exhibits outstanding balancing performance. Moreover, the equalizer is easily modularized with high practical value.
In vitro evaluation of heparinized Cuprophan hemodialysis membranes (1997)

Cuprophan hemodialysis membranes can be heparinized using N,N′-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) as a coupling agent. In this study, the characteristics of heparinized Cuprophan membranes have been evaluated. After immobilization, heparin partially retained its biologic activity. An anticoagulant activity of 12.4 ± 4.2 mU/cm2 was measured using a thrombin inactivation assay. Immobilized heparin also displayed an anti-complement activity. After contact with human serum, heparinized Cuprophan induced no generation of significant amounts of fluid phase terminal complement complex (TCC), whereas untreated Cuprophan induced the generation of substantial amounts of TCC. Heparinization did not affect the permeability of Cuprophan for model solutes with molecular weights up to 12,000 g/mol except for sulfobromophthalein sodium salt. The permeability of Cuprophan for sulfobromophthalein sodium salt was slightly decreased after heparinization. The ultrafiltration rate of Cuprophan increased by about 30% after heparinization, probably owing to an increased swelling of the membrane in water. Heparinized Cuprophan incubated in phosphate-buffered saline at 37°C showed some release of heparin. These amounts of released heparin, however, were very low as compared to the amounts of heparin which are systemically administered during clinical hemodialysis treatment. It is concluded that Cuprophan membranes heparinized by means of the CDI-activation procedure are highly promising for application in hemodialyzers to be used for the treatment of patients with reduced or without systemic administration of heparin. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A Novel PLP1 Mutation Further Expands the Clinical Heterogeneity at the Locus (2012)

We report a new PLP1 gene mutation in a patient with a clinical phenotype consistent with a PLP1 null syndrome.
Set2 Is a Nucleosomal Histone H3-Selective Methyltransferase That Mediates Transcriptional Repression (2002)

Recent studies of histone methylation have yielded fundamental new insights pertaining to the role of this modification in gene activation as well as in gene silencing. While a number of methylation sites are known to occur on histones, only limited information exists regarding the relevant enzymes that mediate these methylation events. We thus sought to identify native histone methyltransferase (HMT) activities from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Here, we describe the biochemical purification and characterization of Set2, a novel HMT that is site-specific for lysine 36 (Lys36) of the H3 tail. Using an antiserum directed against Lys36 methylation in H3, we show that Set2, via its SET domain, is responsible for methylation at this site in vivo. Tethering of Set2 to a heterologous promoter reveals that Set2 represses transcription, and part of this repression is mediated through the HMT activity of the SET domain. These results suggest that Set2 and methylation at H3 Lys36 play a role in the repression of gene transcription.
Inhibin: Studies of Stored and Secreted Forms by Biosynthetic Labeling and Immunodetection in Cultured Rat Granulosa Cells* (1988)

The biosynthesis of inhibin in rat granulosa cells was studied by biosynthetic labeling, immunoblotting, and immunocytochemical techniques. Granulosa cells from immature hypophysectomized estrogen-treated rats were cultured in the presence of [35S]cysteine. Both conditioned media and cell extracts were subjected to immunoprecipitation with an antibody directed against the N-terminal 26 amino acids of the alpha-chain of porcine inhibin (pI alpha 1-26), followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and fluorography. Treatment with FSH (100 ng/ml) and delta 4-androstenedione (10(-7) M) increased the secretion of 35S-labeled inhibin immunoreactivity by 2.6-fold over that in control cultures treated with androstenedione alone. The radiolabeled inhibin had mol wt (Mr) values of 45,000 and 30,000. Upon reduction, the 45,000 Mr polypeptide remained (with increased apparent Mr of 49,000), but the 30,000 Mr species disappeared with the concomitant appearance of two bands with 18,000 and 11,000 Mr. Competition studies with pI alpha 1-26 confirmed that these polypeptides were all related to inhibin. Furthermore, immunoblotting with an antibody directed against the porcine inhibin beta-A chain (pI beta A81-113) indicated that the 11,000 Mr peptide was the inhibin beta-A chain. Extracts of cells treated with FSH contained only a high Mr alpha-related species (Mr, 41,000 nonreduced; 49,200 reduced). The inhibin alpha antibody was also used to immunocytochemically stain cultured granulosa cells. Cells that had been treated with FSH or the adenyl cyclase activator forskolin (3 x 10(-5) M), but not untreated cells, exhibited positive staining. These results indicate that granulosa cells synthesize and store inhibin alpha-chain precursor with 49,000 Mr. Although some of the high Mr alpha-form was secreted, the majority of the alpha-subunit was processed to the 18,000 Mr form and dimerized with the 11,000 Mr beta-chain to form the mature inhibin dimer immediately before secretion. The cultured granulosa cells may provide a model for future studies on the hormonal regulation of inhibin alpha- and beta-gene expression as well as subunit dimerization and secretion.