gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Long-chain acylcarnitines determine ischaemia/reperfusion-induced damage in heart mitochondria (2016)

The accumulation of long-chain fatty acids (FAs) and their CoA and carnitine esters is observed in the ischaemic myocardium after acute ischaemia/reperfusion. The aim of the present study was to identify harmful FA intermediates and their detrimental mechanisms of action in mitochondria and the ischaemic myocardium. In the present study, we found that the long-chain acyl-CoA and acylcarnitine content is increased in mitochondria isolated from an ischaemic area of the myocardium. In analysing the FA derivative content, we discovered that long-chain acylcarnitines, but not acyl-CoAs, accumulate at concentrations that are harmful to mitochondria. Acylcarnitine accumulation in the mitochondrial intermembrane space is a result of increased carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) and decreased carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 (CPT2) activity in ischaemic myocardium and it leads to inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation, which in turn induces mitochondrial membrane hyperpolarization and stimulates the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cardiac mitochondria. Thanks to protection mediated by acyl-CoA-binding protein (ACBP), the heart is much better guarded against the damaging effects of acyl-CoAs than against acylcarnitines. Supplementation of perfusion buffer with palmitoylcarnitine (PC) before occlusion resulted in a 2-fold increase in the acylcarnitine content of the heart and increased the infarct size (IS) by 33%. A pharmacologically induced decrease in the mitochondrial acylcarnitine content reduced the IS by 44%. Long-chain acylcarnitines are harmful FA intermediates, accumulating in ischaemic heart mitochondria and inducing inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation. Therefore, decreasing the acylcarnitine content via cardioprotective drugs may represent a novel treatment strategy.
Subsurface Imaging of Multi-Level Integrated Circuits Using Scanning Electron Acoustic Microscopy (2009)

Abstract The capability of the Scanning Electron Acoustic Microscopy (SEAM) technique for high resolution non-destructive subsurface imaging at different depths for a multi-level integrated circuit is assessed. Experimental results using a beveled DRAM IC sample are used to quantify the effect of the electron beam energy and modulation frequency on contrast, spatial resolution and depth of focus of SEAM amplitude and phase images.
An agent-based approach for tracking people in indoor complex environments (2004)

This paper presents an agent-based architecture designed to functionally combine data from an homogeneous network of sensors for tracking purposes. The system has been developed in a video surveillance context to detect, classify and track moving objects in a scene of interest. Although single camera systems could perform the tasks outlined above, they would not be able to deal with topologically complex environments such as corridor, corners and indoor locations in general. The multi-sensor approach has been used to overcome these problems, nevertheless issues arise such as data fusion, synchronization and camera calibration. The sensor fusion approach here purposed uses autonomous software agents to negotiate the combination of data and the fusion is carried out by appropriate signal processing algorithms. The system has been tested with indoor video sequences to show the system's ability to preserve identity and of correct trajectory estimation of the tracked object.
Synthesis and use of a hyper-connecting cross-linking agent in the hole-transporting layer of perovskite solar cells (2017)

Solution-processed organic semiconducting materials feature prominently in modern optoelectronic devices, especially where low-cost and flexibility are specific goals, such as perovskite solar cells.
Ionic strength/temperature‐induced gelation of aqueous poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide‐co‐vinylimidazole) solution (2004)

Abstract A high molecular weight copolymer of N‐isopropylacrylamide (NiPAAm) and vinyl imidazole (VI) was synthesized and its phase transition behavior in aqueous solutions (5 wt%) by simultaneous changes of ionic strength and temperature was investigated. At low ionic strengths, the copolymer solution showed two phases (clear and opaque solutions), which were freely mobile, as increasing temperatures up to 65°C due to repulsion interaction of positive charges developed by basic imidazole group on the polymer aggregates. However, at the physiological condition (I=0.15, T=37°C), four distinctive phases (clear solution, opaque solution, gel and shrunken gel) were observed because of charge shielding effect by added salts. The gel state was stable and maintained from 32°C to 55°C. In particular, the phase transition from opaque solution to gel rapidly occurred by the change in ionic strength (from ∼ 0 to 0.15) at 37°C. This characteristic can be utilized as a liquid embolic agent.
Directional decisions during neutrophil chemotaxis inside bifurcating channels (2010)

The directional migration of human neutrophils in classical chemotaxis assays is often described as a "biased random walk" implying significant randomness in speed and directionality. However, these experiments are inconsistent with in vivo observations, where neutrophils can navigate effectively through complex tissue microenvironments towards their targets. Here, we demonstrate a novel biomimetic assay for neutrophil chemotaxis using enclosed microfluidic channels. Remarkably, under these enclosed conditions, neutrophils recapitulate the highly robust and efficient navigation observed in vivo. In straight channels, neutrophils undergo sustained, unidirectional motion towards a chemoattractant source. In more complex maze-like geometries, neutrophils are able to select the most direct route over 90% of the time. Finally, at symmetric bifurcations, neutrophils split their leading edge into two sections and a "tug of war" ensues. The competition between the two new leading edges is ultimately resolved by stochastic, symmetry-breaking behavior. This behavior is suggestive of directional decision-making localized at the leading edge and a signaling role played by the cellular cytoskeleton.
Supplementary Materials and Methods from PanIN Neuroendocrine Cells Promote Tumorigenesis via Neuronal Cross-talk (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Materials and Methods section provides additional data on the protocols used in this manuscript including those pertaining to chemical and reagents, denervation, flow cytometry and sorting, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence, histopathologic analysis, genotyping and physiologic testing of denervation.&lt;/p&gt;
Design of the Second Spine: A Secondary Pathway to Transfer Loads From the Shoulders to the Pelvis (2013)

The Second Spine is a vest intended to prevent musculoskeletal injuries caused by heavy backpack loads, while also maintaining the range of motion of the wearer. The vest is formed by multiple segments between the shoulder and a pelvic belt. In normal “off” configuration, the segments are disconnected from each other and the vest is flexible providing full range of motion to the upper body. With the pull of a string in the “on” configuration, the vest becomes semi-rigid creating a secondary pathway to transfer loads between the shoulder and a pelvic belt. The device was evaluated by a subject who walked on a treadmill while carrying a backpack load of 25% of his body weight (BW). Experiment results showed that the semi-rigid vest reduces the force exerted on the shoulders and induces a more erect posture. Muscle activations in the lower limbs indicate that loads were successfully transferred from the shoulders to the waist while bypassing the vertebral column. These results show that the device can be used to mitigate potential risks of musculoskeletal injuries caused from backpack loads.
Tensile radiation from slip in a medium with rough fractures (2022)

Tensile components are often observed in tectonic and hydraulically induced earthquakes, leading to a variety of interpretations and conjecture as to underlying causes. In this paper a simple extension to the model of slip on a planar fracture is studied wherein texture or roughness is added to the fracture via coupled excess compliances. This reasonable extension of a purely planar fracture model leads to media with triclinic symmetry, even though the background medium may be isotropic. Moment tensors that have pure in-fracture- plane slip, built in an effective medium with coupled excess fracture compliances are analyzed by extracting the opening angle from the eigenvalues. The consequence of pure slip along a fracture plane with roughness is that moment tensors with tensile components are produced. It is conjectured that fault or fracture surface roughness may be a simple explanation for some observed tensile components.
High energetic and highly stable pulses from a Ho:YLF regenerative amplifier (2016)

We present results from our Ho:YLF regenerative amplifier (RA) producing up to 6.9 mJ at a repetition rate of 1 kHz and up to 12.9 mJ at a repetition rate of 10 Hz. At 1 kHz, we observe strongly bifurcating pulses, starting with certain round trip number, but the measurements identify a highly stable operation point that lies “hidden” beyond the instability region. This operation point allows the extraction of highly stable and high energetic output pulses. Suppression of bifurcation in our system is presented for repetition rates below 750 Hz and Ho:YLF crystal holder temperatures of 2.5 °C. We furthermore present a stability optimization routine for our Ho:YLF RA that was operated close to gain depletion at a repetition rate of 100 Hz. By varying the Ho:YLF crystal holder temperature the gain depletion level could be fine adjusted, resulting in a highly stable RA system with measured pulse fluctuations of only 0.35 %.
Paradoxical effect of pilus expression on binding of antibodies by Haemophilus influenzae (1993)

Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) pili are surface proteins that are associated with the ability of Hib to attach to human epithelial cells. Like pilus expression of other bacteria, expression of Hib pili undergoes phase variation. We observed that Hib in the piliated phase (Hib p+) bound monoclonal antibodies directed against six conserved, surface-exposed, nonpilus Hib outer membrane epitopes to a greater extent than Hib in the nonpiliated phase (Hib p-). However, after extended incubation, p+ and p- cells bound these antibodies in a similar fashion. The differential in nonpilus antibody binding to p+ and p- Hib was not related to the presence of the type b capsule. In addition, Hib p+ organisms whose pilin gene was insertionally inactivated and did not produce pili and Hib in the nonpiliated phase bound the nonpilus Hib antibodies similarly. Hib p+ and p- organisms did not differ in their binding of anti-type b capsule antibody, and the binding was specific for the epitopes recognized by the antibodies. In complement-dependent bactericidal assays, the nonpilus antibodies killed Hib p+ more effectively than Hib p-. The increased binding to, and killing of, Hib p+ by a variety of nonpilus antibodies may be important for host defense against invasive Hib.
Mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory actions of boswellic acid derivatives in experimental colitis (2006)

Recent clinical trials of the gum resin of Boswellia serrata have shown promising results in patients with ulcerative colitis. The objective of this study was to determine whether a semisynthetic form of acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid (sAKBA), the most potent anti-inflammatory component of the resin, also confers protection in experimental murine colitis induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) to compare its effects with those standard medications of ulcerative colitis like steroids and to examine whether leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion is a major target of action of sAKBA. Clinical measurements of disease activity and histology were used to assess disease progression, and intravital microscopy was employed to monitor the adhesion of leukocytes and platelets in postcapillary venules of the inflamed colon. sAKBA treatment significantly blunted disease activity as assessed both grossly and by histology. Similarly, the recruitment of adherent leukocytes and platelets into inflamed colonic venules was profoundly reduced in mice treated with sAKBA. Because previous studies in the DSS model have shown that P-selectin mediates these blood cell-endothelial cell interactions, the expression of P-selectin in the colonic microcirculation was monitored using the dual-radiolabeled antibody technique. The treatment of established colitis with sAKBA largely prevented the P-selectin upregulation normally associated with DSS colitis. All of the protective responses observed with sAKBA were comparable to that realized in mice treated with a corticosteroid. Our findings demonstrated an anti-inflammatory effect of sAKBA and indicated that P-selectin-mediated recruitment of inflammatory cells is a major site of action for this novel anti-inflammatory agent.
Textural content in 3T MR: an image-based marker for Alzheimer's disease (2005)

In this paper, we propose a study, which investigates the first-order and second-order distributions of <i>T<sub>2</sub></i> images from a magnetic resonance (MR) scan for an age-matched data set of 24 Alzheimer's disease and 17 normal patients. The study is motivated by the desire to analyze the brain iron uptake in the hippocampus of Alzheimer's patients, which is captured by low <i>T<sub>2</sub></i> values. Since, excess iron deposition occurs locally in certain regions of the brain, we are motivated to investigate the spatial distribution of <i>T<sub>2</sub></i>, which is captured by higher-order statistics. Based on the first-order and second-order distributions (involving gray level co-occurrence matrix) of <i>T<sub>2</sub></i>, we show that the second-order statistics provide features with sensitivity >90% (at 80% specificity), which in turn capture the textural content in <i>T<sub>2</sub></i> data. Hence, we argue that different texture characteristics of <i>T<sub>2</sub></i> in the hippocampus for Alzheimer's and normal patients could be used as an early indicator of Alzheimer's disease.
In orbit pattern tests of COMS satellite antennas (2011)

ETRI, KARI and Astrium have developed unique Communications, Ocean and Metrological Satellite - COMS to incorporate both Communications and earth observation from single satellite. COMS was launched by Ariane-5 on 26th June 2010 and arrived successfully to operational geo-stationary orbit 128.2°E. It features a multi-beam Ka-band Communications package, a set of equipments to study Ocean Ecosystem to aid the fishing industry and a Metrological weather observation system. The multi beam Ka-band antenna IOT campaign was conducted by Kari/Astrium/ETRI team supported by Telesat Canada. A brief outline on functional and operational capability including software and hardware used for in orbit test validation of Ka-Band antenna system is addressed.
Fast multiplication of binary polynomials with the forthcoming vectorized VPCLMULQDQ instruction (2018)

Polynomial multiplication over binary fields \mathbbF2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sup> is a common primitive, used for example by current cryptosystems such as AES-GCM (with n=128). It also turns out to be a primitive for other cryptosystems, that are being designed for the Post Quantum era, with values n ≫ 128. Examples from the recent submissions to the NIST Post-Quantum Cryptography project, are BIKE, LEDAKem, and GeMSS, where the performance of the polynomial multiplications, is significant. Therefore, efficient polynomial multiplication over F <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> n, with large n, is a significant emerging optimization target. Anticipating future applications, Intel has recently announced that its future architecture (codename “Ice Lake”) will introduce a new vectorized way to use the current VPCLMULQDQ instruction. In this paper, we demonstrate how to use this instruction for accelerating polynomial multiplication. Our analysis shows a prediction for at least 2× speedup for multiplications with polynomials of degree 512 or more.
Licht als kleinstes Reagenz und Werkzeug (2014)

Abstract Grundlagenuntersuchungen zum Mechanismus kurzlebiger Zustände führen in der Photochemie zum Verständnis der Wirkprinzipien. Von diesen Erkenntnissen profitieren die industriellen Anwendungen.
3D chip stack with integrated decoupling capacitors (2009)

In this work, thinned Si chips were stacked using conventional C4 (controlled collapse chip connection) technology. The test chips consisted of CMOS-compatible thru-silicon via (TSV) interconnects at a pitch of 200 mum and integrated deep trench (DT) capacitors. The DC resistance of a TSV and a C4 bump is measured to be less than 10 mOmega and capacitance density of 14 muF/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and 28 muF/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> were achieved for chip stack with o1 layer and 2 layers of interposer chips respectively. The integrated capacitors were characterized throughout the 3D chip bond and assembly process flow. Results indicated the process had negligible impact to the final capacitance value. The variation of the measured capacitance value for the final chip stacks was very small, approximately ~ 2%.
Fatigue behavior of Cu-6Ni-1.5Si alloy with discontinuous precipitates and the effect of difference in rolling before solution heat treatment (2020)

On Cu-Ni-Si alloy with high solute concentrations, overaging brings a decrease in strength because of formation of discontinuous precipitate (DP) phases. Recently, it has been shown that both electrical conductivity and tensile strength of mechanically deformed Cu-Ni-Si alloy with fully DP-structure were 1.3 times greater than those of conventional precipitate-strengthened Cu-Ni-Si counterparts. This throws a new light on the usage of DP phases. However, there are less studies on the fatigue behavior of DP phases. In addition, cold- and hot-rolling before solution heat treatment (SHT) are commonly conducted to eliminate defects in a casting slab and reduce the thickness of casting slab before SHT. However, the effect of rolling before SHT on the fatigue strength of DP-structure is unclear. In the present study, fatigue tests of Cu-6Ni-1.5Si alloy smooth specimens with DP-structure fabricated through different rolling processes before SHT were conducted. The fatigue strength, crack initiation and propagation behavior of DP-structure Cu-Ni-Si alloy were discussed.
Terracost (2008)

This paper addresses the problem of computing least-cost-path surfaces for massive grid terrains. Consider a grid terrain T and let C be a cost grid for T such that every point in C stores a value that represents the cost of traversing the corresponding point in T . Given C and a set of sources S ∈ T , a least-cost-path grid Δ for T is a grid such that every point in Δ represents the distance to the source in S that can be reached with minimal cost. We present a scalable approach to computing least-cost-path grids. Our algorithm, terracost, is derived from our previous work on I/O-efficient shortest paths on grids and uses O (sort( n )) I/Os, where sort( n ) is the complexity of sorting n items of data in the I/O-model of Aggarwal and Vitter. We present the design, the analysis, and an experimental study of terracost. An added benefit of the algorithm underlying terracost is that it naturally lends itself to parallelization. We have implemented terracost in a distributed environment using our cluster management tool and report on experiments that show that it obtains speedup near-linear with the size of the cluster. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first experimental evaluation of a multiple-source least-cost-path algorithm in the external memory setting.
TLR9 re-expression in cancer cells extends the S-phase and stabilizes p16INK4a protein expression (2016)

Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) recognizes bacterial, viral or cell damage-associated DNA, which initiates innate immune responses. We have previously shown that TLR9 expression is downregulated in several viral induced cancers including HPV16-induced cervical neoplasia. Findings supported that downregulation of TLR9 expression is involved in loss of anti-viral innate immunity allowing an efficient viral replication. Here we investigated the role of TLR9 in altering the growth of transformed epithelial cells. Re-introducing TLR9 under the control of an exogenous promoter in cervical or head and neck cancer patient-derived cells reduced cell proliferation, colony formation and prevented independent growth of cells under soft agar. Neither TLR3, 7, nor the TLR adapter protein MyD88 expression had any effect on cell proliferation, indicating that TLR9 has a unique role in controlling cell growth. The reduction of cell growth was not due to apoptosis or necrosis, yet we observed that cells expressing TLR9 were slower in entering the S-phase of the cell cycle. Microarray-based gene expression profiling analysis highlighted a strong interferon (IFN) signature in TLR9-expressing head and neck cancer cells, with an increase in IFN-type I and IL-29 expression (IFN-type III), yet neither IFN-type I nor IL-29 production was responsible for the block in cell growth. We observed that the protein half-life of p16(INK4a) was increased in TLR9-expressing cells. Taken together, these data show for the first time that TLR9 affects the cell cycle by regulating p16(INK4a) post-translational modifications and highlights the role of TLR9 in the events that lead to carcinogenesis.
Chemotherapy or allogeneic transplantation in high-risk Philadelphia chromosome–negative adult lymphoblastic leukemia (2020)

The need for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in adults with Philadelphia chromosome-negative (Ph-) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with high-risk (HR) features and adequate measurable residual disease (MRD) clearance remains unclear. The aim of the ALL-HR-11 trial was to evaluate the outcomes of HR Ph- adult ALL patients following chemotherapy or allo-HSCT administered based on end-induction and consolidation MRD levels. Patients aged 15 to 60 years with HR-ALL in complete response (CR) and MRD levels (centrally assessed by 8-color flow cytometry) <0.1% after induction and <0.01% after early consolidation were assigned to receive delayed consolidation and maintenance therapy up to 2 years in CR. The remaining patients were allocated to allo-HSCT. CR was attained in 315/348 patients (91%), with MRD <0.1% after induction in 220/289 patients (76%). By intention-to-treat, 218 patients were assigned to chemotherapy and 106 to allo-HSCT. The 5-year (±95% confidence interval) cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR), overall survival (OS), and event-free survival probabilities for the whole series were 43% ± 7%, 49% ± 7%, and 40% ± 6%, respectively, with CIR and OS rates of 45% ± 8% and 59% ± 9% for patients assigned to chemotherapy and of 40% ± 12% and 38% ± 11% for those assigned to allo-HSCT, respectively. Our results show that avoiding allo-HSCT does not hamper the outcomes of HR Ph- adult ALL patients up to 60 years with adequate MRD response after induction and consolidation. Better postremission alternative therapies are especially needed for patients with poor MRD clearance. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as # NCT01540812.