gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Atomic Force Microscopy and Raman Spectroscopy Investigation of Additive Interactions Responsible for Anti-Wear Film Formation in a Lubricated Contact (2006)

Rational formulation of lubricants requires an understanding of additive interactions that impact antiwear film qualities such as thickness, topography, and friction. In an effort to understand the complex additive interactions responsible for formation of anti-wear and friction-reducing films, atomic force microscopy (AFM) in conjunction with Raman microscopy has been used to conduct a nanoscale investigation of the wear tracks formed by a high-frequency reciprocating rig (HFRR) in the presence of various commercial lubricant additives combinations. Of the additives examined, zinc dithiophosphate (ZnDTP)-based additives are found to be solely responsible for the formation of a thick (hundreds of nm) film that exhibits a pitted topography. Addition of a molybdenum-based friction modifier to the lubricant blend reduces the film thickness considerably and reacts to produce MoS 2 on the surface, suggesting an interaction with the zinc dithiophosphate–based additive that prevents antiwear film formation. Formation of MoS 2 , found only in the wear track, is consistent with a dramatic reduction of friction coefficient measured in the HFRR. Subsequent addition of borated dispersants to the lubricant reveals a further reduction in friction coefficient and a modest return of anti-wear film. However, addition of detergents to the formulation increases the friction coefficient and also promotes the formation of an anti-wear film. Nanoindentation measurements on the bulk properties of the anti-wear films determined that all of the anti-wear films had similar modulus and hardness measurements which were lower than that of the parent steel material, but did not correlate with the friction measurements obtained from the HFRR. This indicates that nanoscale measurements on material properties of the film are necessary to elucidate friction properties of the interface, and that these properties cannot be determined from macroscale measurements on the bulk film.
Silybin and dehydrosilybin decrease glucose uptake by inhibiting GLUT proteins (2010)

Silybin, the major flavonoid of Silybum marianum, is widely used to treat liver diseases such as hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis-associated insulin resistance. Research so far has focused on its anti-oxidant properties. Here, we demonstrate that silybin and its derivative dehydrosilybin inhibit glucose uptake in several model systems. Both flavonoids dose-dependently reduce basal and insulin-dependent glucose uptake of 3T3-L1 adipocytes, with dehydrosilybin showing significantly stronger inhibition. However, insulin signaling was not impaired, and immunofluorescence and subcellular fractionation showed that insulin-induced translocation of GLUT4 to the plasma membrane is also unchanged. Likewise, hexokinase activity was not affected suggesting that silybin and dehydrosilybin interfere directly with glucose transport across the PM. Expression of GLUT4 in CHO cells counteracted the inhibition of glucose uptake by both flavonoids. Moreover, treatment of CHO cells with silybin and dehydrosilybin reduced cell viability which was partially rescued by GLUT4 expression. Kinetic analysis revealed that silybin and dehydrosilybin inhibit GLUT4-mediated glucose transport in a competitive manner with K(i)=60 and 116 µM, respectively. We conclude that silybin and dehydrosilybin inhibit cellular glucose uptake by directly interacting with GLUT transporters. Glucose starvation offers a novel explanation for the anti-cancer effects of silybin.
Modeling vulnerabilities of ad hoc routing protocols (2003)

The purpose of this work is to automate the analysis of ad hoc routing protocols in the presence of attackers. To this end, a formal model fo protocol behavior is developed in which time is modeled by a set of constraints on the time of occurrence of events, enabling the representation of partially ordered timed events and asynchronous communication. Data variables are represented symbolically, capturing a range of distinct executions in each expression. Given a formal description of Ad Hoc On Demand Distance Vector Routing Algorithm (AODV) and a desired safety property (route stability), an analysis by a naive semi-decision procedure discovers an instance of an attack that leads to a violation of the property.
Misfire Detection in a Dynamic Skip Fire Engine (2015)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Misfire detection and monitoring on US passenger vehicles are required to comply with detailed and specific requirements contained in the OBD-II regulations. Numerous technical papers and patents discuss various methods and metrics for detecting misfire in conventional all-cylinder firing engines. However, the current methods are generally not suitable for detecting misfires in a dynamic skip fire engine. For example, a detection approach based on peak crankshaft angular acceleration may work well in conventional, all-cylinder firing engine operation, since it is expected that crankshaft acceleration will remain generally consistent for a given operating condition. In a skip fire engine, any cylinder or cycle may be skipped. As a result, the crankshaft acceleration peaks and profiles may change abruptly as the firing sequence changes. This paper presents two approaches for detecting misfires in a dynamic skip fire engine.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The first method utilizes crankshaft angular acceleration with the addition of cylinder skip or fire status, which is used to recognize a firing sequence in order to ignore skips and apply a separate threshold to various sequences. For the second approach, a torque model based on multi-cylinder pressure modeling is employed. The paper describes the details in modeling cylinder pressure, indicated torque and crankshaft angular acceleration, and proposes a new metric for misfire detection. Validation tests are carried out both on an engine dynamometer and a vehicle under steady state and transient conditions. The results indicate a very promising approach for detecting misfires in a dynamic skip fire engine.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Blocker-Tolerant Inductor-Less Harmonic Selection Wideband Receiver Front-End for 5G Applications (2022)

A blocker-tolerant harmonic selection receiver front-end with RF bandwidth of 6.5 GHz to support the fifth-generation (5G) sub-6 GHz band is presented. The proposed N-path switching filter-based receiver employs harmonic recombination blocks at the baseband (BB) to select the desired local oscillator (LO) harmonics and suppress blockers. It is demonstrated how the configuration of two feed-forward N-path switching filters and BB harmonic recombination stage can be reconfigured to select the first harmonic of the switching frequency at the low-frequency band (0.5–1.9 GHz) and the third LO harmonic at the high-frequency band (1.95–6 GHz). Thus, the proposed architecture has the capability of supporting an RF input frequency of up to 6 GHz while the switching frequency operates up to 2 GHz. Higher harmonic selection in addition to the fundamental helps to reduce the power consumption and required input frequency of the multiphase LO clock generator. An RF receiver prototype is fabricated in a TSMC 130-nm CMOS technology. It achieves a 5 dB noise figure (NF), −16.6 dBm in-band input-referred third-order intercept point (IIP3), and 9 dBm out-of-band (OOB) IIP3, respectively, at the low-frequency band (0.5–1.9 GHz). The 2nd–5th harmonic rejection ratios (HRRs) are higher than 44 dB without any calibration. The receiver can tolerate a 0 dBm blocker at a 180 MHz offset from a 1 GHz switching frequency with an NF of 9.4 dB. Over the high-frequency band (1.95–6 GHz), the receiver’s NF is less than 7.1 dB. Moreover, in-band IIP3, OOB IIP3, and first HRR are higher than −21 dBm, 7 dBm, and 39 dB, respectively. The receiver achieves an S11 better than −10 dB over 0.5–6 GHz, and has a total power consumption of 17–22.5 mW from a 1.2 V supply.
Small Angle Neutron Scattering Investigations of Melt Miscibility and Phase Segregation in Blends of Linear and Branched Polyethylenes as a Function of the Branch Content (1997)

We have performed a series of small angle neutron scattering (SANS) experiments on blends of linear and branched polyethylenes to investigate the level of branching that is required to phase separate the system. These results confirm that the mixtures are homogenous for all compositions when the branch content is low (i.e., <4 branches/100 backbone carbon atoms for molecular weight Mw ∼ 105). However, when the branch content is higher (typically ≥8 branches/100 backbone carbons), the blends phase separate. Segregation can also be driven by isotope effects, when the molecular weight is sufficiently high so that the product of the polymerization index and the H1/D2 interaction parameter (NχHD) > 2. In each case, the resolution of conventional SANS pinhole cameras (Qmin ∼ 10-3 Å-1) is adequate to determine the state of mixing, even for systems with large domains.
Key role of soluble epoxide hydrolase in the neurodevelopmental disorders of offspring after maternal immune activation (2019)

Maternal infection during pregnancy increases risk of neurodevelopmental disorders such as schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in offspring. In rodents, maternal immune activation (MIA) yields offspring with schizophrenia- and ASD-like behavioral abnormalities. Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) plays a key role in inflammation associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. Here we found higher levels of sEH in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of juvenile offspring after MIA. Oxylipin analysis showed decreased levels of epoxy fatty acids in the PFC of juvenile offspring after MIA, supporting increased activity of sEH in the PFC of juvenile offspring. Furthermore, expression of sEH (or <i>EPHX2</i>) mRNA in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurospheres from schizophrenia patients with the 22q11.2 deletion was higher than that of healthy controls. Moreover, the expression of <i>EPHX2</i> mRNA in postmortem brain samples (Brodmann area 9 and 40) from ASD patients was higher than that of controls. Treatment with 1-trifluoromethoxyphenyl-3-(1-propionylpiperidin-4-yl)urea (TPPU), a potent sEH inhibitor, in juvenile offspring from prenatal day (P) 28 to P56 could prevent cognitive deficits and loss of parvalbumin (PV) immunoreactivity in the medial PFC of adult offspring after MIA. In addition, dosing of TPPU to pregnant mothers from E5 to P21 could prevent cognitive deficits, and social interaction deficits and PV immunoreactivity in the medial prefrontal cortex of juvenile offspring after MIA. These findings suggest that increased activity of sEH in the PFC plays a key role in the etiology of neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring after MIA. Therefore, sEH represents a promising prophylactic or therapeutic target for neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring after MIA.
A case study of CES: a distributed collaborative editing system implemented in Argus (1992)

Experience implementing CES, a distributed collaborative editing system, is described. CES was written in Argus, a language that was designed to support the construction of reliable distributed programs, and exhibits a number of requirements typical of distributed applications. The authors' experience illustrates numerous areas in which the support provided by Argus for meeting those requirements was quite helpful, but also identifies several areas in which the support provided by Argus was inadequate. Some of the problems arise because of the distinction in Argus (and in other systems) between locally and remotely accessible data and the mechanisms provided for implementing each. Others arise because of limitations of the mechanisms for building user-defined data types. The authors discuss the problems they encountered, including the implications for other systems. They also suggest solutions to the problems, or in some cases further research directed at finding solutions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
An MMC based IPT System with Integrated Magnetics and ZVS Operations (2021)

This paper proposes a novel high-frequency modular multilevel converter (MMC) for an inductive power transfer (IPT) system. MMCs have many benefits, such as larger modulation depth, more degrees of control, and lower device stresses in comparison to traditional full-bridge converters. However, MMCs are traditionally used for low-frequency applications. Its high-frequency operation differs significantly and is not yet reported. This paper focuses on the 85 kHz operation of an MMC driving the primary compensation circuit of an IPT system. The high-frequency operation of the MMC allowed the proposed design to integrate the DC arm inductors with the primary compensation network of an IPT system, lowering the component count. A digitized modulation scheme is used to regulate the output power while maintaining Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS) under the range of operating conditions considered. To validate the proposed MMC based IPT system, an SAE J2954 WPT2/Z2 compliant prototype is built and tested, which achieves up to 93% efficiency when transferring 7.7 kW with a 220% variation in coupling factor, and a varying output battery voltage between 280-420 V.
Abolition of an Inducible Highly Anionic Peroxidase Activity in Transgenic Tomato (1993)

Locally induced expression of a highly anionic peroxidase has previously been correlated temporally and spatially with suberization of tissues responding to pathogen assault, wounding, or exogenously applied abscisic acid or fungal elicitors. DNA sequences corresponding to the 5[prime] regions of two tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) genes encoding homologous anionic peroxidases were fused, inserted into a pTi-based plasmid designed to express a composite antisense transcript, and introduced into tomato via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. RNA gel-blot analyses showed high expression of the antisense transcript in most transgenic plants and no detectable induction of native anionic peroxidase transcripts in wounded or abscisic acid or pathogen-treated tissues. Plants and fruits expressing the antisense transcript appeared normal in all respects. Electrophoretic analysis of anionic proteins from selected transgenic plants showed no detectable anionic peroxidase protein or activity. Depolymerization of polymeric material from the wound periderm of transgenic tomato fruits and analysis of the aliphatic products by gas-liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry showed that the content and composition of C16/C18 [omega]-hydroxy and dicarboxylic acids, characteristic of suberin, were not affected by the absence of the anionic peroxidase. Autofluorescence generated from cell wall phenolics at the wound lesion was also not affected by the absence of the highly anionic peroxidase.
RRH Clustering Using Affinity Propagation Algorithm with Adaptive Thresholding and Greedy Merging in Cloud Radio Access Network (2021)

Affinity propagation (AP) clustering with low complexity and high performance is suitable for radio remote head (RRH) clustering for real-time joint transmission in the cloud radio access network. The existing AP algorithms for joint transmission have the limitation of high computational complexities owing to re-sweeping preferences (diagonal components of the similarity matrix) to determine the optimal number of clusters as system parameters such as network topology. To overcome this limitation, we propose a new approach in which preferences are fixed, where the threshold changes in response to the variations in system parameters. In AP clustering, each diagonal value of a final converged matrix is mapped to the position (x,y coordinates) of a corresponding RRH to form two-dimensional image. Furthermore, an environment-adaptive threshold value is determined by adopting Otsu's method, which uses the gray-scale histogram of the image to make a statistical decision. Additionally, a simple greedy merging algorithm is proposed to resolve the problem of inter-cluster interference owing to the adjacent RRHs selected as exemplars (cluster centers). For a realistic performance assessment, both grid and uniform network topologies are considered, including exterior interference and various transmitting power levels of an RRH. It is demonstrated that with similar normalized execution times, the proposed algorithm provides better spectral and energy efficiencies than those of the existing algorithms.
Quantum simulation of exact electron dynamics can be more efficient than classical mean-field methods (2023)

Quantum algorithms for simulating electronic ground states are slower than popular classical mean-field algorithms such as Hartree-Fock and density functional theory, but offer higher accuracy. Accordingly, quantum computers have been predominantly regarded as competitors to only the most accurate and costly classical methods for treating electron correlation. However, here we tighten bounds showing that certain first quantized quantum algorithms enable exact time evolution of electronic systems with exponentially less space and polynomially fewer operations in basis set size than conventional real-time time-dependent Hartree-Fock and density functional theory. Although the need to sample observables in the quantum algorithm reduces the speedup, we show that one can estimate all elements of the $k$-particle reduced density matrix with a number of samples scaling only polylogarithmically in basis set size. We also introduce a more efficient quantum algorithm for first quantized mean-field state preparation that is likely cheaper than the cost of time evolution. We conclude that quantum speedup is most pronounced for finite temperature simulations and suggest several practically important electron dynamics problems with potential quantum advantage.
Feasibility and Limitations of High-Voltage Lithium-Iron-Manganese Spinels (2022)

Positive electrodes with high energy densities for Lithium-ion batteries (LIB) almost exclusively rely on toxic and costly transition metals. Iron based high voltage spinels can be feasible alternatives, but the phase stabilities and optimal chemistries for LIB applications are not fully understood yet. In this study, LiFe x Mn 2-x O 4 spinels with x = 0.2 to 0.9 were synthesized by solid-state reaction at 800 °C. High-resolution diffraction methods reveal gradual increasing partial spinel inversion as a function of x and early secondary phase formation. Mössbauer spectroscopy was used to identify the Fe valences, spin states and coordination. The unexpected increasing lattice parameters with Fe substitution for Mn was explained considering the anion-cation average bond lengths determined by Rietveld analysis and Mn 3+ overstoichiometries revealed by cyclic voltammetry. Finally, galvanostatic cycling of Li-Fe-Mn-spinels shows that the capacity fading is correlated to increased cell polarization for higher upper charging cut-off voltage, Fe-content and C-rate. The electrolyte may also contribute significantly to the cycling limitations.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 6,7‐Bis(trifluoromethyl)‐8‐substituted Pteridine‐2,4(1H,3H)‐dione (Lumazine) Hydrates from 4,5‐Diaminouracil Hydrochlorides and Perfluorobutane‐ 2,3‐dione. Stabilization of the Transmolecular Covalent Hydrates of 8‐Substituted Pteridinediones by Trifluoromethyl Groups. (1986)

Abstract The reaction of the perfluorobutane‐ 2,3‐dione (I) with the diaminouracil hydrochlorides (II) followed by treatment with H 2 O gives the lumazine hydrates (III).
Model Selection for Production System via Automated Online Experiments (2021)

A challenge that machine learning practitioners in the industry face is the task of selecting the best model to deploy in production. As a model is often an intermediate component of a production system, online controlled experiments such as A/B tests yield the most reliable estimation of the effectiveness of the whole system, but can only compare two or a few models due to budget constraints. We propose an automated online experimentation mechanism that can efficiently perform model selection from a large pool of models with a small number of online experiments. We derive the probability distribution of the metric of interest that contains the model uncertainty from our Bayesian surrogate model trained using historical logs. Our method efficiently identifies the best model by sequentially selecting and deploying a list of models from the candidate set that balance exploration-exploitation. Using simulations based on real data, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our method on two different tasks.
Early management of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in a hospital with neurosurgical/neuroendovascular facilities: a consensus and clinical recommendations of the Italian Society of Anesthesia and Intensive Care (SIAARTI)—part 2 (2022)

This consensus provides practical recommendations (and not mandatory standard of practice) to support clinician's decision-making in the management of SAH patients in centers with neurosurgical/neuroendovascular facilities after aneurysm securing.
Is the Higgs mechanism true to the equivalence principle? (2015)

In this paper, we raise and discuss the fundamental issue whether the interaction-induced inertia in the Higgs mechanism is the same as the charge of gravity or the gravitational mass. True physical mass has to fulfill the dual role of inertia and the gravitational charge, and should respect the weak equivalence principle. This is not yet addressed in the standard model that does not incorporate gravity. Hence, the Higgs scenario still requires a gravitational completion. Some relevant analogies where interaction-induced inertia is not the same as the gravitational charge are mentioned. Probing this line of thought will provide valuable clues and perhaps a remarkable answer to the place and role of gravity in the standard model of particle physics.
Evolving transferable neural pruning functions (2022)

Structural design of neural networks is crucial for the success of deep learning. While most prior works in evolutionary learning aim at directly searching the structure of a network, few attempts have been made on another promising track, channel pruning, which recently has made major headway in designing efficient deep learning models. In fact, prior pruning methods adopt human-made pruning functions to score a channel's importance for channel pruning, which requires domain knowledge and could be sub-optimal. To this end, we pioneer the use of genetic programming (GP) to discover strong pruning metrics automatically. Specifically, we craft a novel design space to express high-quality and transferable pruning functions, which ensures an end-to-end evolution process where no manual modification is needed on the evolved functions for their transferability after evolution. Unlike prior methods, our approach can provide both compact pruned networks for efficient inference and novel closed-form pruning metrics which are mathematically explainable and thus generalizable to different pruning tasks. While the evolution is conducted on small datasets, our functions shows promising results when applied to more challenging datasets, different from those used in the evolution process. For example, on ILSVRC-2012, an evolved function achieves state-of-the-art pruning results.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple and Efficient Method for Preparation of Allyl Aryl Ethers via Polymer Supported Reagents. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.