gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Investigating predictive models for earlier diagnosis of cognitive impairment using multimodal eye biomarkers (2020)

Abstract Background The purpose of this study is to investigate predictive models for earlier diagnosis of cognitive impairment (CI) using the eye. Method Prospective age‐matched subjects (n = 69, 55+ years) w/o CI and the presence of any ophthalmic history were recruited. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores, retinal images (EasyScan, iOptics) and full‐field electroretinogram (RETeval TM , LKC Technologies, Inc.) were obtained. The multifractal behavior in the skeletonized optic‐disc region was analyzed using the generalized dimensions (D 0 , D 1 &amp; D 2 ) and singularity spectrum f(α) vs. α, both calculated with the ImageJ program. The lacunarity (Λ) was also calculated by measuring the gap dispersion inside each retinal image. Logistic regression was used to construct predictive models to discriminate between phenotypes obtained from individuals w/o CI. Independent variables were divided into sets (see Table 1). Then, five hierarchical set models were fitted with all independent variables forced in. For each model, predicted probabilities were used to construct Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves. In a separate analysis, all independent variables were allowed inclusion in a parsimonious forward stepwise fashion, and a ROC curve was also constructed with its model‐predicted probabilities. Efficacy of discrimination was summarized with the area under the ROC curve (AUROC) and Youden’s index. Result Of the 69 participants, 32 had CI (46%). Figures 1 and Table 1 shows that the overall predictive accuracy of the model 5 in discriminating patients with CI from cognitive healthy subjects may be better (AUROC∼0.95) than that of the other combined measurements AUROC range∼[0.73 ‐ 0.88]. In the separated analysis with all independent variables, the singularity exponent a 2 was the most significant predictor of CI. Once this was accounted for, none of the other parameters was statistically significant except Flicker IT. Therefore, a 2 and Flicker IT were included in a single model to obtain a powerful predictive index: X linear = 18.387 + (0.736) × (Flicker IT)‐(26.887) x (a 2 ) being the Predictive probability of CI = exp Xlinear /(1+exp Xlinear ). The AUROC for this predictive model was 0.897 (SE = 0.050) and was highly significant (p &lt; 0.001). Conclusion Our results showed that the predictive model using multimodal eye biomarkers has potential to target cognitive screening toward individuals at increased risk of CI.
Decomposition of peroxy radicals in SiO 2 glass with X‐rays or KrF laser light (2005)

Decomposition of the peroxy radical (POR) was examined for wet SiO2 glasses exposed to X-rays from a Rh-target tube or KrF laser light. The exposure to KrF laser light destroys POR resulting in the selective formation of the oxygen dangling bond (termed “non-bridging oxygen hole center”, NBOHC). In contrast, the exposure to X-rays creates both the silicon dangling bond (E′ center) and NBOHC on bleaching of POR. Clear mutual correlation is found between the formation kinetics of the interstitial oxygen molecule (O2) and of the Si-Si bond but not between those of O2 and the E′ center. These observations indicate that O2 is created mainly from the radiolysis of the Si-O-Si bond by the Frenkel mechanism rather than by the dissociation of the Si-O bond in POR. It is concluded that both of KrF laser light and X-rays primarily dissociate the O-O bond in POR.
Combining Admission and Modulation Decisions for Wireless Embedded Systems (2016)

Wireless communication is increasingly being used to federate embedded devices in a variety of distributed systems application domains, ranging from wireless sensor networks to the emerging "Internet of Things (IoT)." Since such embedded devices are tightly coupled both with their environments and with each other through their wireless communication channels, both variations in their environments and the system's need to respond (sometimes rapidly) to those variations may produce (1) the need for such devices to communicate and (2) with it the potential for channel contention to arise, dynamically at run-time. Thus, how wireless channels among the embedded devices are allocated and managed in these systems may significantly influence both communication-specific quality-of-service (QoS) properties (such as message throughput) and broader QoS properties (such as timeliness of system responsiveness) that depend on them. A growing body of research has focused on managing different aspects of wireless communication, but has done so mainly in an ad hoc manner, with respect to individual aspects rather than multiple aspects and their potential interactions. Even less attention has been paid to formal methods for assessing how combinations of aspects may influence communication performance, and how to characterize, adapt to, and exploit their combined effects, which is essential to address the challenges noted above. To overcome these limitations of the current state of the art, this paper makes three main contributions to wireless communication for distributed embedded systems with QoS constraints. First, it shows how a basic but fundamental set of channel admission and modulation decisions can be combined within a single Markov decision process (MDP) model to optimize (in expectation) objectives such as message throughput, even with stochastic arrival and interference characteristics. Second, it identifies regular structure in the value-optimal policies generated off-line from these models, which forms the basis for efficient and accurate heuristics suitable for on-line use. Third, it shows how single-and multi-variable regression techniques can be used to characterize key parameters that govern such regular structure, which then are used to instantiate those heuristics.
Synaptic profiles during neurite extension, refinement and retraction in the developing cochlea (2012)

Overall our data show a differential balance in the patterns of synaptic proteins at developing afferent IHC versus OHC synapses that likely reflect their stable versus transient fates.
Performance of an array receiver with a Kalman channel predictor for fast Rayleigh flat fading environments (2001)

We develop an approach for using an antenna array for tracking fast Rayleigh flat fading channels and suppressing cochannel interference. The fast flat fading process is assumed to be a general autoregressive (AR) process in order to characterize temporal variation of channels and evaluate its effect on the receiver structure and performance. The optimal array receiver structure that minimizes the probability of error for BPSK signals is derived, which includes a Kalman filter to predict the fading channels. A simple integral expression for the probability of error is also derived for the optimal receiver. In particular, we analyze the case with identical shaping filters. An irreducible probability of error is shown to exist due to the prediction error of multiple channels. Another interesting observation from the study is that the diversity gain with m antenna elements in the presence of k interferences is usually greater than (m-k), even in the presence of channel prediction error. Simulations are carried out to verify the theoretical analysis.
Characterization of electrostrictive P(VDF-TrFE) copolymer films for high-frequency and high-load applications (2000)

In order to characterize the electromechanical properties of newly developed electrostrictive poly(vinylidene fluoride- trifluorethylene) copolymers for practical device applications, the following results are presented: 1) The driving field amplitude dependence of the material response. It was found that M(S = ME 2 ) exhibits the driving field amplitude dependence and that the apparent piezoelectric coefficient for the material under DC bias depends on both the driving field amplitude and DC field. 2) Load capability. The copolymer film has a high mechanical load capability. For example, the transverse strain remains 0.6% at 47MV/m under a tensile load of 45 MPA. The load dependence of the material response prove that the electric field induced strain in the copolymer films mainly originates from the electric field induced phase transition in the crystal regions. 3) Frequency dependence of the material response. Although the strain response decreases with increasing frequency, it is found that the strain response at 1 kHz can reach more than 80% of the response at 1Hz.
Interfacing peptides identified using phage-display screening with quantum dots for the design of nanoprobes (2005)

The interface of targeting molecules that can recognize and identify specific biomolecules with highly luminescent semiconductor nanocrystals or quantum dots can lead to a novel and powerful new class of probes for studying biomolecules in real-time or for imaging and detecting diseases. We describe the rationale design of optical nanoprobes by using fluorescent semiconductor quantum dots with targeting molecules (TMs)-identified using phage display screening. Quantum dots are nanometer-sized particles with unique and tunable optical properties. They offer numerous optical advantages over traditional organic fluorophores in biological analysis and detection (e.g., photostability, continuous absorption profile).
A multi-level virtual conductor as a backbone of a DC power routing system (2014)

A new control approach for bidirectional DC-DC (BDC) converter is proposed in this paper. This approach aims at controlling a BDC in such a way that makes it behaves like a multi-level virtual conductor. As a matter of fact, the voltage difference between the terminals of any conductor is zero volts. Conversely, the main target of the proposed control approach is to keep the voltage difference between the converter terminals constant at certain value. In other words, the proposed control approach permits the DC-DC converter to transfer the power between two nodes at different voltage levels. In this way, the converter performs like a conductor but unlike the normal conductor, it has voltage deference between its terminals. Thus, the authors call it virtual conductor. This virtual conductor is considered a base to a power routing in dc networks; since it has the ability of transferring the electric power between nodes at different voltage levels. Furthermore, it allows an easy plug-and-play feature. The proposed BDC system configuration has been investigated analytically, using simulation, and experimentally.
Developmental Capacity of Ferret Embryos by Nuclear Transfer Using G0/G1-Phase Fetal Fibroblasts1 (2003)

With the ultimate goal of establishing experimental protocols necessary for cloning ferrets, the present study has established parameters for the reconstruction of ferret embryos by nuclear transfer (NT) using G0/G1-phase donor fetal fibroblasts. Cumulus-oocyte complexes were harvested from superovulated ferrets and cultured in maturation medium for 24 h. Matured oocytes were then enucleated and injected with the fibroblast nuclei derived from 14-16-h serum-starved cells. Reconstructed embryos were then activated by a combination of electric pulses and chemical stimulations. Subsequently, the reconstructed and activated embryos were either cultured in vitro or transferred to pseudopregnant ferrets to evaluate their developmental capacity in vitro and in vivo. Our results demonstrated that 56.3% of reconstructed embryos (n = 187) cleaved, while 26.0% and 17.6% developed to morula and blastocyst phases in vitro, respectively. The blastocysts derived from NT embryos demonstrated normal morphology by differentially staining as compared to normal blastocysts developed in vivo following fertilization. In vivo developmental studies at 21 days posttransplantation demonstrated 8.8% of reconstructed embryos (n = 91) implanted into the uterine lining of recipients, while 3.3% formed fetuses. However, reconstructed embryos (n = 387) failed to develop to term (42 days). These results demonstrate donor nuclei of G0/G1-phase fetal fibroblast cells can be reprogrammed to support the development of reconstructed ferret embryos in vitro and in vivo; however, a significant third-trimester block occurs preventing full-term development.
Frequency response of dual-drive silicon photonic modulators with coupling between electrodes (2018)

We characterize the electro-optic frequency response of a four-port traveling-wave dual-drive modulator with relatively strong coupling amongst the electrodes. We show that the electro-optic frequency response of the MZM can still be predicted with the 2×2 cascaded matrix model if the MZM is symmetric and differentially driven.
Low power consumption 1310 nm VCSELs for 4x10 Gbps CWDM links (2013)

1310 nm-band wafer-fused VCSELs emitting in the coarse wavelength division multiplexing wavelength grid operate at 10 Gbps in the temperature range up to 70°C at 7 mA bias current and operation voltage below 1.9 V. These devices can yield 4×10 Gbps 2 km links with power consumption of ~1 W.
A Systematic Analysis of Narrowband IoT Quality of Service (2020)

Narrowband-IoT (NB-IoT) is part of a novel group of access technologies referred to as Low-Power Wide Area Networks (LPWANs), which provide energy-efficient and long-range network access to IoT devices. Although NB-IoT Release 13 has been deployed by Mobile Network Operators (MNO), detailed Quality of Service (QoS) evaluations in public networks are still rare. In this paper, systematic physical layer measurements are conducted, and the application layer performance is verified. Special consideration is given to the influence of the radio parameters on the application layer QoS. Additionally, NB-IoT is discussed in the context of typical smart metering use cases. The results indicate that NB-IoT meets most theoretical Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) design goals in a commercial deployment. NB-IoT provides a wide coverage by using signal repetitions, which improve the receiver sensitivity, but simultaneously increase the system latency. The maximum data rates are consistent over a wide range of coverage situations. Overall, NB-IoT is a reliable and flexible LPWAN technology for sensor applications even under challenging radio conditions. Four smart metering transmission categories are analyzed, and NB-IoT is verified to be appropriate for applications that are not latency sensitive.
Distribution of integrin cell adhesion molecules in endometrial cancer. (1995)

Integrins are ubiquitous cell adhesion molecules that are involved in maintaining normal tissue morphology and have been implicated in the behavior of certain malignancies. We examined the expression of nine integrin subunits in 38 endometrial adenocarcinomas using immunohistochemistry. The pattern of integrin expression in the cancers was compared with that seen in the endometrium of 20 normal cycling women and 7 postmenopausal women. Integrin expression was correlated with grade, stage, nodal status, depth of invasion, steroid receptor status, and histological pattern. In endometrial cancers there was an inverse relationship between the number of integrins expressed and histological grade (P = 0.011). Of the normally expressed, constitutive endometrial epithelial integrin subunits (alpha 2, alpha 3, alpha 6, and beta 4), the least frequently seen in the cancers was the alpha 3 subunit (44.7%) and the most frequently found was alpha 6 (81.6%). The alpha 5 beta 1 integrin, a fibronectin receptor normally found only on endometrial stromal cells, was seen in 17.8% of cases of these epithelial cancers. In addition, a significant association was found between the loss of the alpha 2 beta 1 integrin and the presence of lymph node metastases (P < 0.001). These data suggest that a decline in integrin expression occurs more frequently in poorly differentiated endometrial cancers and that the loss of specific integrins may be associated with metastatic nodal spread.
Screening of the TAP1 gene by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis in insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus: detection and comparison of new polymorphisms between patients and controls (1997)

New protective or disease-associated polymorphisms in the TAP1 gene were sought in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) patients with the use of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) screening of genomic DNA. The TAP1 gene is located in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II region of the genome and encodes components of a peptide transporter essential for antigen presentation by HLA class I molecules. Fragments of TAP1 corresponding to the 5' promoter, each of the 11 exons (with portions of adjacent intronic regions) and the 3' flanking region were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction and then subjected to DGGE. DNA fragments of TAP1 yielded DGGE bands with patterns whose frequencies differed between IDDM patients and controls. Specific DGGE band patterns with fragments corresponding to the promoter, exons or introns 3, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 of TAP1 were detected exclusively in either patients or controls. Sequencing of TAP1 fragments encompassing exon 7 gave rise to a DGGE band pattern exclusively observed in an IDDM patient and sequencing revealed a previously unidentified polymorphisms at codon 518 (GTC-->ATC, Val-->Ile). Another unique polymorphism uncovered by DGGE revealed by sequencing a polymorphism in intron 2 in a diabetic patient. The genotypes of additional HLA class II matched patients and controls were determined with regard to five exonic and one intronic TAP1 polymorphism. A 10 base pair intronic insertion in intron 9 was exclusively identified in controls and missing from patients (P = 0.017). Further large population-based studies may reveal whether these newly identified at risk or protective TAP1 variants confer markers of statistical risk in diverse population groups.
Microbial Scout Hypothesis and Microbial Discovery (2012)

In this study, we examine the temporal pattern of colony appearance during cultivation experiments, and whether this pattern could inform on optimizing the process of microbial discovery. In a series of long-term cultivation experiments, we observed an expected gradual increase over time of the total number of microbial isolates, culminating in a 700-fold colony count increase at 18 months. Conventional thought suggests that long-term incubations result in a culture collection enriched with species that are slow growing or rare, may be unavailable from short-term experiments, and likely are novel. However, after we examined the phylogenetic novelty of the isolates as a function of the time of their isolation, we found no correlation between the two. The probability of discovering either a new or rare species late in the incubation matched that of species isolated earlier. These outcomes are especially notable because of their generality: observations were essentially identical for marine and soil bacteria as well as for spore formers and non-spore formers. These findings are consistent with the idea of the stochastic awakening of dormant cells, thus lending support to the scout model. The process of microbial discovery is central to the study of environmental microorganisms and the human microbiome. While long-term incubation does not appear to increase the probability of discovering novel species, the technology enabling such incubations, i.e., single-cell cultivation, may still be the method of choice. While it does not necessarily allow more species to grow from a given inoculum, it minimizes the overall isolation effort and supplies needed.
The role of the CD28/B7 interaction in the regulation of NK cell responses during infection with Toxoplasma gondii (1997)

We examined the role of the CD28/B7 interaction in regulation of NK cell activity. Cells transfected with B7 enhanced IL-12-induced production of IFN-gamma by IL-2-activated, CD28+ NK cells, but not by resting CD28- NK cells. The ability of B7 transfectants to enhance NK cell production of IFN-gamma was dependent on the intracellular adhesion molecule-1/LFA-1 interaction and could be inhibited by TGF-beta, but not IL-10. Since IL-12-induced production of IFN-gamma by NK cells is associated with resistance to certain infections, we examined whether the CD28/B7 interaction regulated NK cell responses during infection. Infection of SCID mice with Toxoplasma gondii resulted in the appearance of a population of CD28+ NK cells, NK cell production of IFN-gamma, and increased NK cell cytolytic activity. Administration of CTLA4-Ig to SCID mice infected with T. gondii inhibited these latter two effects and resulted in a significant increase in parasite burden. The stimulus for CD28 expression by NK cells in SCID mice infected with T. gondii appeared to be independent of IL-2. However, mRNA for IL-15, a cytokine with properties similar to those of IL-2, was detected in tissues of SCID mice infected with T. gondii. In vitro experiments demonstrated that IL-15 could stimulate resting NK cells to express functionally active CD28 as well as enhance the production of IFN-gamma by SCID splenocytes stimulated with T. gondii. Together our data demonstrate that the interaction of CD28+ NK cells with B7 regulates NK cell production of IFN-gamma associated with resistance to infection and that IL-15 may be involved in these events.
SINGLE CELL DERIVED CLONAL ANALYSIS OF HUMAN GLIOBLASTOMA LINKS FUNCTIONAL AND GENOMIC HETEROGENEITY (2014)

BACKGROUND: Glioblastoma (GBM) is a cancer comprised of morphologically, genetically and phenotypically diverse cells. However, an understanding of the functional significance of intratumoral heterogeneity is lacking. METHODS: We devised a method to isolate and functionally profile tumorigenic clones from patient glioblastoma samples. RESULTS: Individual clones demonstrated unique proliferation and differentiation abilities. Importantly, naïve patient tumors included clones that were temozolomide (TMZ) resistant, indicating that resistance to conventional GBM therapy preexists in untreated tumors at a clonal level. Further, candidate therapies for resistant clones were identified with clone-specific drug screening. Genomic analyses identified genes and pathways that associate with specific functional behavior of single clones. In particular, increased expression and signaling of the autocrine/paracrine γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor GABRA3 correlates with TMZ sensitivity and patient outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that functional clonal profiling used to identify tumorigenic and drug resistant tumor clones will lead to the discovery of new GBM clone-specific treatment strategies. SECONDARY CATEGORY: n/a.
TITAN: Thunderstorm Identification, Tracking, Analysis, and Nowcasting—A Radar-based Methodology (1993)

A methodology is presented for the real-time automated identification, tracking, and short-term forecasting of thunderstorms based on volume-scan weather radar data. The emphasis is on the concepts upon which the methodology is based. A “storm” is defined as a contiguous region exceeding thresholds for reflectivity and size. Storms defined in this way are identified at discrete time intervals. An optimization scheme is employed to match the storms at one time with those at the following time, with some geometric logic to deal with mergers and splits. The short-term forecast of both position and size is based on a weighted linear fit to the storm track history data. The performance of the detection and forecast were evaluated for the summer 1991 season, and the results are presented.