gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dual Role of Silanol Groups in Cyclopropanation and Hiyama−Denmark Cross-Coupling Reactions (2010)

Di-tert-butoxy(alkenyl)silanols serve as substrates in the Simmons-Smith cyclopropanation reaction furnishing the corresponding di-tert-butoxy(cyclopropyl)silanols, which may be included in a Hiyama-Denmark cross-coupling reaction. The silanol group bears two distinct roles as it provides a directing group during the cyclopropanation and mediates the transmetalation event in the cross-coupling. The nature of the ligands on the silicon atom had a profound effect on reactivity in the cross-coupling, whereby substituting the alkoxide groups for fluorides allowed for efficient cross-coupling.
Surfactant-free Gd3+-ion-containing carbon nanotube MRI contrast agents for stem cell labeling (2015)

There is an ever increasing interest in developing new stem cell therapies. However, imaging and tracking stem cells in vivo after transplantation remains a serious challenge. In this work, we report new, functionalized and high-performance Gd(3+)-ion-containing ultra-short carbon nanotube (US-tube) MRI contrast agent (CA) materials which are highly-water-dispersible (ca. 35 mg ml(-1)) without the need of a surfactant. The new materials have extremely high T1-weighted relaxivities of 90 (mM s)(-1) per Gd(3+) ion at 1.5 T at room temperature and have been used to safely label porcine bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells for MR imaging. The labeled cells display excellent image contrast in phantom imaging experiments, and TEM images of the labeled cells, in general, reveal small clusters of the CA material located within the cytoplasm with 10(9) Gd(3+) ions per cell.
Immuno-PET Using Anticarcinoembryonic Antigen Bispecific Antibody and 68Ga-Labeled Peptide in Metastatic Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma: Clinical Optimization of the Pretargeting Parameters in a First-in-Human Trial (2016)

High tumor uptake and contrast can be obtained with pretargeted anti-CEA immuno-PET in relapsed MTC patients, especially using optimized pretargeting parameters: a BsMAb-to-peptide mole ratio of 20 and 30 h pretargeting delay.
Identification of Steroidogenic Enzyme mRNAs in the Human Lacrimal Gland, Meibomian Gland, Cornea, and Conjunctiva (2006)

If the corresponding mRNAs are translated, our results indicate that human ocular surface and adnexal tissues contain the enzymatic machinery necessary for the intracrine synthesis and metabolism of sex steroids.
Properties of side chain liquid crystal polyesters containing chiral groups in the main chain (1996)

Abstract The synthesis and investigation are reported for the phase behavior of a set of three liquid‐crystalline side chain polyesters (SCLCPs), consisting of aromatic diacids and diols bearing cyano biphenyl moieties in the side chain. The materials contain a chiral center in the main chain and show a cholesteric phase indicative of a helical order with a preferred twist. In addition, they exhibit T g 's below room temperature and smectic bilayer phases. Depending on the substitution pattern of the aromatic core, S c* or S A* phases are observed. These polymers were synthesized in a four‐step synthesis, starting from available materials. The dielectric relaxation behavior and the pyroelectric responses of the three SCLCPs tend to conform to their respective structure.
Using electrochemistry in device processing on poly(tetrafluoroethylene) substrates (1994)

By combining electrochemical and electroless metal deposition processes with standard optical lithography and wet chemical etching, the authors have developed techniques for the fabrication of fine (<20 {mu}m), adherent, conducting features on poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) substrates. These techniques are less expensive and have demonstrated resolution of at least a factor of five better than existing printed wiring board-based processes. Using these PTFE-based processes, the authors have fabricated {approximately} 10 GHz coupled-line quadrature (Lange) couplers, for which test results will be presented.
Evidence of Thermal Closing of Atomic-Vacancy Holes in Single-Wall Carbon Nanohorns (2007)

Control of atomic-vacancy holes, which are the only pathways to internal hollow nanospaces, in walls of carbon nanostructures such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is crucial for material incorporation in and release from the nanospaces. We describe here a new approach to controlling the holes, that is, closing the holes using metal-free CNTs, single-wall carbon nanohorns. N2 adsorption isotherm measurements explicitly showed that holes tended to close when the nanohorns were heated at 1200 °C in Ar, as evidenced by a decrease of pore volume. Theoretical calculations indicated that the holes at the tips of the nanohorns closed but those in the sidewalls did not.
300-Fold Increase in Production of the Zn 2+ -Dependent Dechlorinase TrzN in Soluble Form via Apoenzyme Stabilization (2014)

Microbial metalloenzymes constitute a large library of biocatalysts, a number of which have already been shown to catalyze the breakdown of toxic chemicals or industrially relevant chemical transformations. However, while there is considerable interest in harnessing these catalysts for biotechnology, for many of the enzymes, their large-scale production in active, soluble form in recombinant systems is a significant barrier to their use. In this work, we demonstrate that as few as three mutations can result in a 300-fold increase in the expression of soluble TrzN, an enzyme from Arthrobacter aurescens with environmental applications that catalyzes the hydrolysis of triazine herbicides, in Escherichia coli. Using a combination of X-ray crystallography, kinetic analysis, and computational simulation, we show that the majority of the improvement in expression is due to stabilization of the apoenzyme rather than the metal ion-bound holoenzyme. This provides a structural and mechanistic explanation for the observation that many compensatory mutations can increase levels of soluble-protein production without increasing the stability of the final, active form of the enzyme. This study provides a molecular understanding of the importance of the stability of metal ion free states to the accumulation of soluble protein and shows that differences between apoenzyme and holoenzyme structures can result in mutations affecting the stability of either state differently.
Chemistry of bicyclo[3.1.0]hexatriene (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemistry of bicyclo[3.1.0]hexatrieneWilliam N. Washburn and Robert ZahlerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976, 98, 24, 7828–7830Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1976https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00440a067RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views51Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (417 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
717 The Motion Discrimination Method Using Distance Scale in Feature Space for Myoelectric Prosthesis (2007)

We think that myoelectric prosthesis can become more functional and easier to control by motion discrimination from EMG signals. Many researchers use neural network for motion discrimination. But, their method is difficult to learn in real time. So, we propose a new motion discrimination method using distance scale in feature space for myoelectric prosthesis. This method can learn in real time. Experimental results show that discrimination rate is 80 percents or more in the method using standarization Euclidean distance, or Mahalanobis' generalized distance.
A heritable switch in carbon source utilization driven by an unusual yeast prion (2009)

Several well-characterized fungal proteins act as prions, proteins capable of multiple conformations, each with different activities, at least one of which is self-propagating. Through such self-propagating changes in function, yeast prions act as protein-based elements of phenotypic inheritance. We report a prion that makes cells resistant to the glucose-associated repression of alternative carbon sources, [GAR(+)] (for "resistant to glucose-associated repression," with capital letters indicating dominance and brackets indicating its non-Mendelian character). [GAR(+)] appears spontaneously at a high rate and is transmissible by non-Mendelian, cytoplasmic inheritance. Several lines of evidence suggest that the prion state involves a complex between a small fraction of the cellular complement of Pma1, the major plasma membrane proton pump, and Std1, a much lower-abundance protein that participates in glucose signaling. The Pma1 proteins from closely related Saccharomyces species are also associated with the appearance of [GAR(+)]. This allowed us to confirm the relationship between Pma1, Std1, and [GAR(+)] by establishing that these proteins can create a transmission barrier for prion propagation and induction in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The fact that yeast cells employ a prion-based mechanism for heritably switching between distinct carbon source utilization strategies, and employ the plasma membrane proton pump to do so, expands the biological framework in which self-propagating protein-based elements of inheritance operate.
ChemInform Abstract: Diperamycin, a New Antimicrobial Antibiotic Produced by Streptomyces griseoaurantiacus MK393‐AF2. Part 1. Taxonomy, Fermentation, Isolation, Physico‐Chemical Properties, and Biological Activities. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Joint Spectrum-Sensing Design and Power Control in Cognitive Radio Networks: A Stochastic Approach (2012)

Efficient design of spectrum-sensing and power control plays a key role in maximizing the throughput of a cognitive radio (CR) network while protecting the PUs from undue interference. In this paper, we consider the problem of joint spectrum-sensing-duration design and power control in a point-to-point CR link. The objective of the proposed solution is to maximize the CR achievable throughput while keeping the CR interference to the primary user (PU) at or below a preset interference threshold. The joint spectrum-sensing design and power control is a non-convex optimization problem, hence, obtaining the optimal solution may not be always feasible. In this paper, we formulate the joint sensing-duration design and power control problem as a two-stage stochastic program with recourse. Afterward, we derive the formulas for the achievable throughput as a function of the sensing duration. Moreover, we investigate the effect of different levels of knowledge of the interference channel state information (CSI) on the achievable throughput and the optimal sensing duration.
Irredundant interacting sequential machines via optimal logic synthesis (1991)

The authors develop optimal synthesis procedures for interacting nonscan sequential circuits composed of interacting finite state machines. For each of the different classes of redundancies, the authors define don't care sets, which if optimally exploited will result in the implicit elimination of any such redundancies in a given circuit. It is shown that notions of sequential don't cares and conditional compatibility are required to eliminate redundancies. Using a complex don't care set in an optimal sequential synthesis procedure of state minimization, state assignment, and combinational logic optimization results in fully testable single or interacting finite-state machines (FSMs). Preliminary experimental results indicate that irredundant sequential circuits can be synthesized with no area overhead and within reasonable CPU times with optimal logic synthesis.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Studies in the Formation of Oxidoles from Their Indolozabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane Counterparts and Implications for the Biogenesis of Alstonisine (1989)

Treatment of the N,-H indoloazabicyclo[3.3.Ilnonane 5 with L-BuOCl and hydrolysis of the intermediate chloroindolenine provided the oxindole 6 in 88% yield.In contrast, Na-methyl analogues failed to rearrange to the corresponding oxindoles when reacted under the analogous conditions.Instead, the indolooctane-1.4-dioneU and an isomer related to U were isolated from the oxidation of b.The implications in regard to the biogenesis of alstonisine 2 are discussed.During the course of work1 directed towards the stereospecific synthesis of indole alkaloids isolated from Alstonia species.2 it became of interest to study the interconversion of molecules related to alstonerine 1 and alstonisine 2, as a possible tneans of synthetic entry into the latter oxindole alkaloid 2.t Footnole: For clarity, the relative s1ereochcmistry of thc four chiral melhine protons has been dcpictcd as shown.although far a full rcprcsentation of the absolute stcreochcmistiy of alstonisinc.the indole portion should bc pcrpcndicular to the plane of thc paper.(It should be noted that the original X-ray structure determination by Nordman7a depicts the wrong enantiorncr, which had previously been assigned by a comparison with the configuration of a j m a l i c i n e ) .
Investigation of Reduced Graphene Oxide and a Nb-Doped TiO2 Nanotube Hybrid Structure To Improve the Gas-Sensing Response and Selectivity (2019)

The precise detection of flammable and explosive gases and vapors remains an important issue because of the increasing demand for renewable energy sources and safety requirements in industrial processes. Metal oxides (TiO<sub>2</sub>, SnO<sub>2</sub>, ZnO, etc.) are very attractive materials for the manufacturing of chemical gas sensors. However, their gas selectivity issues and further improvement in the sensing response remain a significant challenge. The incorporation of metal oxides with two-dimensional (2D) graphene oxide (GO) is considered to be a promising approach to obtaining hybrid structures with improved gas-sensing performance. Herein, we report the development of GO and niobium-doped titanium dioxide nanotube (NT) hybrid structures with a tunable selectivity and sensing response against hydrogen gas, achieved by properly controlling the degree of reduction and concentration of GO. The effects of these parameters are systematically studied in terms of the response amplitude and selectivity. It was found that, compared to undoped titanium dioxide nanotubes, the hybrid material with an optimal concentration of reduced-GO and the introduction of niobium shows an increase in hydrogen response of about an order of magnitude and a simultaneous reduction of the response to possible interfering compounds such as carbon monoxide and acetone, thus providing enhanced selectivity. This research may provide an efficient way to enhance the chemical sensing performance of metal oxide nanomaterials.
Pathogenesis of Acute Kidney Injury During Sepsis (2009)

Septic acute kidney injury (AKI) occurs between 15% and 20% of all intensive care unit admissions and its mortality ranges from 20% to 60%. The incidence and mortality of septic AKI has remained high throughout the last 10 years, whereas our understanding of septic AKI pathogenesis has remained limited. Current evidence about the pathophysiology of septic AKI will be reviewed and areas that require further investigation will be discussed. Improvement of knowledge about this condition seems to be most important in order to find valid diagnostic exams to exactly identify septic AKI and effective therapies to treat it: both of them are currently lacking. Finally, new preventive strategies might be experimented in order to protect critically ill patients from septic AKI.
Combining Monocular and Stereo Cues for Mobile Robot Localization Using Visual Words (2010)

This paper describes an approach for mobile robot localization using a visual word based place recognition approach. In our approach we exploit the benefits of a stereo camera system for place recognition. Visual words computed from SIFT features are combined with VIP (viewpoint invariant patches) features that use depth information from the stereo setup. The approach was evaluated under the ImageCLEF@ICPR 2010 competition. The results achieved on the competition datasets are published in this paper.
Phase Transition of the PLGA-g-PEG Copolymer Aqueous Solutions (2003)

The aqueous solution of poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid)-g-poly(ethylene glycol) becomes a gel as the temperature increases. The sol-to-gel transition temperature can be controlled from 15 to 45 °C by varying the number of poly(ethylene glycol) grafts and the composition of the polymer. In addition, hysteresis between heating and cooling cycles could be controlled by adding poly(ethylene glycol) with different molecular weights as an additive. To prove the hypothesis of micellar aggregation for the sol-to-gel transition and the change in hydration status for the gel-to-sol transition, several experiments were performed. Small-angle neutron scattering and Raman spectroscopy sensitively detected the sol-to-gel transition, because it involves aggregation of the scattering particle of micelles. IR and 13C NMR showed that little change in hydration status is involved during the sol-to-gel transition, whereas significant change in hydration status is involved in the gel-to-sol transition. The intrinsic viscosity of the PEG showed that more significant dehydration can occur when PEG is attached to the hydrophobic group. On the basis of the experiments above, PEG dehydration is the major driving force for the phase change of the PLGA-g-PEG aqueous solution. At the sol-to-gel transition temperature, partial dehydration of the PEG induces the micellar aggregation while keeping the core−shell structure. However, at the gel-to-sol transition, dehydration of the PEG is so significant that the core−shell structure is broken and macroscopic phase separation occurs. These phenomena were associated with changes in the carbonyl stretching and ether bending modes in the IR spectra.
RESEARCH ARTICLE SPECT Imaging with 99m Tc-Labeled EGFR-Specific Nanobody for In Vivo Monitoring of EGFR Expression (2008)

Purpose: Overexpression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) occurs with high incidence in various carcinomas. The oncogenic expression of the receptor has been exploited for immunoglobulin-based diagnostics and therapeutics. We describe the use of a llama singledomain antibody fragment, termed Nanobody ® , for the in vivo radioimmunodetection of EGFR overexpressing tumors using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in mice. Methods: Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis was performed to evaluate the specificity and selectivity of 8B6 Nanobody to bind EGFR on EGFR overexpressing cells. The Nanobody was then labeled with 99m Tc via its C-terminal histidine tail. Uptake in normal organs and tissues was assessed by ex vivo analysis. In vivo tumor targeting of 99m Tc-8B6 Nanobody was evaluated via pinhole SPECT in mice bearing xenografts of tumor cells with either high (A431) or moderate (DU145) overexpression of EGFR. Results: FACS analysis indicated that the 8B6 Nanobody only recognizes cells overexpressing EGFR. In vivo blood clearance of 99m Tc-8B6 Nanobody is relatively fast (half-life, 1.5 h) and mainly via the kidneys. At 3 h postinjection, total kidney accumulation is high (46.6±0.9%IA) compared to total liver uptake (18.9±0.6%IA). Pinhole SPECT imaging of mice bearing A431 xenografts showed higher average tumor uptake (5.2±0.5%IA/cm 3 )o f 99m Tc-8B6 Nanobody compared to DU145 xenografts (1.8±0.3%IA/cm 3 , pG0.001). Conclusion: The EGFR-binding Nanobody investigated in this study shows high specificity and selectivity towards EGFR overexpressing cells. Pinhole SPECT analysis with 99m Tc-8B6 Nanobody enabled in vivo discrimination between tumors with high and moderate EGFR overexpression. The favorable biodistribution further corroborates the suitability of Nanobodies for in vivo tumor imaging.
Polysilicon Grating Switches for LiDAR (2020)

Novel polysilicon grating switches are demonstrated, consisting of an optical grating suspended on a moving platform above a waveguide. Electrostatic attraction pulls the grating into close proximity to the waveguide, ejecting light out of the waveguide plane. The switches move only 0.9 to 1.4 μm, and have MHz mechanical resonant frequencies, making them robust to mechanical vibration and shock. These switches enable a new mode of LiDAR imaging; by creating a focal plane array of switches, and coupling it with a standard camera lens, the LiDAR beam can be scanned across the scene with high speed and arbitrary pattern. Both time of flight and coherent ranging techniques are compatible with this approach. We have demonstrated a 10× 10 pixel array of these switches in a LiDAR system, collecting 3D raging data at up to 15 meters away and 5 frames per second, over a 1 degree field of view with 0.1 degree resolution. Additionally, we have shown the switches to be robust, efficient, and reliable, actuating at 15 Volts, with speeds faster than 4 μs, for over 9 billion cycles without degradation or failure.
Resonant tunneling diode made of organic semiconductor superlattice (2006)

The authors studied the current-voltage characteristics of the organic superlattices of an ITO/1,3,5-tris-(3-methylphenylphenylamino) triphenylamine (m-MTDATA) (5nm)∕[m-MTDATAand4,7diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline(Bphen)]4∕Bphen (5nm)∕LiF∕Al. The thickness of m-MTDATA was varied from 3to7nm with the fixed Bphen thickness at 3nm. The current-voltage characteristics of the organic superlattice show a peak and a valley between 3 and 8V when the thickness of m-MTDATA is 7nm, which is due to the resonant tunneling currents. It is found that there is no luminance by the resonant tunneling currents.
Metabolic enzyme clustering by coiled coils improves the biosynthesis of resveratrol and mevalonate (2020)

The clustering of biosynthetic enzymes is used in nature to channel reaction products and increase the yield of compounds produced by multiple reaction steps. The coupling of multiple enzymes has been shown to increase the biosynthetic product yield. Different clustering strategies have particular advantages as the spatial organization of multiple enzymes creates biocatalytic cascades with a higher efficiency of biochemical reaction. However, there are also some drawbacks, such as misfolding and the variable stability of interaction domains, which may differ between particular biosynthetic reactions and the host organism. Here, we compared different protein-based clustering strategies, including direct fusion, fusion mediated by intein, and noncovalent interactions mediated through small coiled-coil dimer-forming domains. The clustering of enzymes through orthogonally designed coiled-coil interaction domains increased the production of resveratrol in Escherichia coli more than the intein-mediated fusion of biosynthetic enzymes. The improvement of resveratrol production correlated with the stability of the coiled-coil dimers. The coiled-coil fusion-based approach also increased mevalonate production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, thus demonstrating the wider applicability of this strategy.