gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of lone pair electrons in determining the optoelectronic properties of BiCuOSe (2012)

The electronic structure of the oxychalcogenides LaCuOSe and BiCuOSe has been studied using O $K$-edge x-ray emission spectroscopy, x-ray absorption spectroscopy, and density functional theory, in order to examine the effects of the M${}^{3+}$ ion configurations. The known distortion of the BiO layers in BiCuOSe compared to the LaO layers in LaCuOCh; the significantly smaller band gap of BiCuOSe (0.9 eV) compared to LaCuOSe (2.8 eV); and similar hole transport properties of the two compounds are explained in terms of the electron lone pairs associated with the Bi ${d}^{10}{s}^{2}{p}^{0}$ electronic configuration. The Bi $6s$ orbitals are chemically active and form bonding and antibonding states with the oxygen $2p$ orbital. The structural distortion facilitates the interaction between the $6p$ orbital with $6s$ via the antibonding state. For BiCuOSe, the majority of the Bi $6s$ orbital character (i.e., the bonding state) lies below the valence band, with the antibonding state lying below the valence band maximum (VBM). The similar hole transport properties between the two compounds is a consequence of the Bi $6s$ contributing little to the Cu $3d$--Se $4p$ derived VBM. Finally, the band gap narrowing of BiCuOSe compared to LaCuOSe is mostly due to the low energy of the unoccupied Bi $6p$ orbitals along with the upshift of the VBM due to the presence of the O $2p$--Bi $6s$ antibonding states.
Spectral Data Augmentation Techniques to Quantify Lung Pathology from CT-Images (2020)

Data augmentation is of paramount importance in biomedical image processing tasks, characterized by inadequate amounts of labelled data, to best use all of the data that is present. In-use techniques range from intensity transformations and elastic deformations, to linearly combining existing data points to make new ones. In this work, we propose the use of spectral techniques for data augmentation, using the discrete cosine and wavelet transforms. We empirically evaluate our approaches on a CT texture analysis task to detect abnormal lung-tissue in patients with cystic fibrosis. Empirical experiments show that the proposed spectral methods perform favourably as compared to the existing methods. When used in combination with existing methods, our proposed approach can increase the relative minor class segmentation performance by 44.1% over a simple replication baseline.
Volumetric Electromagnetic Phase-Shift Spectroscopy of Brain Edema and Hematoma (2013)

Motivated by the need of poor and rural Mexico, where the population has limited access to advanced medical technology and services, we have developed a new paradigm for medical diagnostic based on the technology of "Volumetric Electromagnetic Phase Shift Spectroscopy" (VEPS), as an inexpensive partial substitute to medical imaging. VEPS, can detect changes in tissue properties inside the body through non-contact, multi-frequency electromagnetic measurements from the exterior of the body, and thereby provide rapid and inexpensive diagnostics in a way that is amenable for use in economically disadvantaged parts of the world. We describe the technology and report results from a limited pilot study with 46 healthy volunteers and eight patients with CT radiology confirmed brain edema and brain hematoma. Data analysis with a non-parametric statistical Mann-Whitney U test, shows that in the frequency range of from 26 MHz to 39 MHz, VEPS can distinguish non-invasively and without contact, with a statistical significance of p<0.05, between healthy subjects and those with a medical conditions in the brain. In the frequency range of between 153 MHz to 166 MHz it can distinguish with a statistical significance of p<0.05 between subjects with brain edema and those with a hematoma in the brain. A classifier build from measurements in these two frequency ranges can provide instantaneous diagnostic of the medical condition of the brain of a patient, from a single set of measurements. While this is a small-scale pilot study, it illustrates the potential of VEPS to change the paradigm of medical diagnostic of brain injury through a VEPS classifier-based technology. Obviously substantially larger-scale studies are needed to verify and expand on the findings in this small pilot study.
Photomultiplication in Disordered Unipolar Organic Materials (2006)

Abstract Photomultiplication in conventional inorganic semiconductors has been known and used for decades, the underlying mechanism being multiplication by impact ionization triggered by hot carriers. Since neither carrier heating by an electric field nor avalanche multiplication are possible in strongly disordered organic solids, charge multiplication seems to be highly unlikely in these materials. However, here the photomultiplication observed in the bulk of a unipolar disordered organic semiconductor is reported. The proportion of extracted carriers to incident photons is experimentally determined to be in excess of 3000 % in a single‐layer device of the air‐stable, n‐type organic semiconductor F 16 CuPc (Pc: phthalocyanine). This effect is explained in terms of exciton quenching by localized charges, the subsequent promotion of these detrapped charges to the high‐mobility energy band of the density‐of‐states (DOS) distribution, and subsequent slow equilibration within this broad intrinsic DOS. Such a mechanism allows multiple replenishment of the optically released charge by mobile carriers injected from an Ohmic electrode. Also shown is photomultiplication in double‐layer devices composed of layers of donor and acceptor small‐molecule materials. This result implies that, apart from exciton dissociation at a donor/acceptor interface, exciton energy transfer to trapped carriers is a complementary photoconductivity process in organic solar cells. This new insight paves the way to cheap, highly efficient organic photodetectors on flexible substrates for numerous applications.
Evaluation of Factors Associated with Pathogenic PRSS1, SPINK1, CTFR, And/or CTRC Gene Mutation(s) in Patients with Idiopathic Pancreatitis (2016)

Introduction: Evaluate factors associated with pathogenic gene mutation(s) in patients with idiopathic acute recurrent (ARIP) and chronic pancreatitis (ICP). Methods: Adult patients referred to pancreatitis clinic from 2010 to 2015 who underwent commercially available gene testing [cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), protease serine 1 (PRSS1), serine protease inhibitor, Kazal type 1 (SPINK1) and chymotrypsin C (CTRC)] were included in the study. Gene mutation testing was defined as positive if pathogenic mutation(s) was present in at least one of the 4 tested genes according to two established gene mutation databases. CP was defined as definite or probable MANNHEIM. All patients were categorized into the following groups based on commonly employed criteria; 1) ARIP; 2) ICP without ARP; 3) An unexplained first episode of AP < 35 years of age; and 4) a family history of pancreatitis. Pathogenic gene mutation positivity was evaluated using a logistic regression model adjusted for a history of smoking, alcohol use, pancreas divisum and prior cholecystectomy. Results: Among 314 ARP and 148 CP patients evaluated from 2010 to 2015, 154 (49%) and 43 (29%) were categorized as ARIP and ICP, respectively. Of 154 ARIP, 97 underwent genetic testing, 47 were lost to follow up, 5 were denied by insurance coverage and 5 patients declined genetic testing. Among 43 ICP, 26 underwent genetic testing while 15 were lost to follow up and 2 declined genetic testing. A total of 56 out of 97 ARIP patients (57.7%) had following pathogenic gene mutation(s) including: 49 CFTR, 22 SPINK1, 5 PRSS1 and 2 CTRC mutation(s). Among patients with definitive or probable ICP without a history of ARP, 7 (26.9%) had pathogenic gene mutation(s), including: 6 CFTR and 2 SPINK1 mutation(s). In patients with a first episode of AP < 35 years of age, 37 out of 59 patients (62.7%) had pathogenic gene mutation(s), including: 27 CFTR, 21 SPINK1, 4 PRSS1 and 2 CTRC mutation(s) and only 6 out of 12 patients with positive family history of pancreatitis were found to have pathogenic gene mutation(s). On multiple logistic regression, only ARIP (OR: 18.1; 95%CI: 2.1 - 151.9; p = 0.008) and first episode of AP < 35 years of age (OR: 2.4; 95%CI: 1.1 - 5.1; p = 0.017) were significantly associated with pathogenic gene mutation(s). Conclusion: The diagnostic yield of gene mutation testing is highest in patients with ARIP and those with an unexplained first episode of AP < 35 years of age.
DEK oncogene expression during normal hematopoiesis and in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) (2014)

DEK is important in regulating cellular processes including proliferation, differentiation and maintenance of stem cell phenotype. The translocation t(6;9) in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), which fuses DEK with NUP214, confers a poor prognosis and a higher risk of relapse. The over-expression of DEK in AML has been reported, but different studies have shown diminished levels in pediatric and promyelocytic leukemias. This study has characterized DEK expression, in silico, using a large multi-center cohort of leukemic and normal control cases. Overall, DEK was under-expressed in AML compared to normal bone marrow (NBM). Studying specific subtypes of AML confirmed either no significant change or a significant reduction in DEK expression compared to NBM. Importantly, the similarity of DEK expression between AML and NBM was confirmed using immunohistochemistry analysis of tissue mircorarrays. In addition, stratification of AML patients based on median DEK expression levels indicated that DEK showed no effect on the overall survival of patients. DEK expression during normal hematopoiesis did reveal a relationship with specific cell types implicating a distinct function during myeloid differentiation. Whilst DEK may play a potential role in hematopoiesis, it remains to be established whether it is important for leukemagenesis, except when involved in the t(6;9) translocation.
Rate-Splitting Multiple Access for Joint Radar-Communications with\n Low-Resolution DACs (2021)

In this paper, we introduce the design of a multi-antenna Joint\nRadar-Communication (JRC) system with Rate Splitting Multiple Access (RSMA) and\nlow resolution Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC) units. Using RSMA, the\ncommunication messages are split into private and common parts, then precoded\nand quantized before transmission. We use a problem formulation to design the\nJRC system with RSMA and low resolution DACs by maximizing communication\nsum-rate and the proximity of the resulting JRC waveform to an optimal radar\nbeampattern under an average transmit power constraint. We solve the joint\nsum-rate maximization and beampattern error minimization problem using\nAlternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) method. The numerical\nresults show that RSMA achieves a significantly higher sum-rate compared to\nSpace Division Multiple Access (SDMA) while providing the same Normalized Mean\nSquare Error (NMSE) for the designed radar beampattern.\n
Unsupervised adaptation of statistical language models for speech recognition : research article (2003)

It has been demonstrated repeatedly that the acoustic models of a speaker-independent speech recognition system can benefit substantially from the application of unsupervised adaptation methods as a means of speaker enrollment. Unsupervised adaptation has however not yet been applied to the statistical language model component of the recognition system. We investigate two techniques with which a first-pass recognition transcription is used to adapt the parameters of the n-gram language model that is used in the recognition search. It is found that best results are achieved when both methods are employed in conjunction with each other. The performance of the adaptation methods were determined experimentally by application to the transcription of a set of lecture speeches. Improvements both in terms of language model perplexity as well as recognition word error-rate were achieved.
1‐13C glucose magnetic resonance spectroscopy of pediatric and adult brain disorders (2001)

With protocols designed for use in a clinical environment we investigated the feasibility and diagnostic potential of (13)C MRS after 1-(13)C labeled glucose infusion. (13)C MRS brain examinations were performed in 27 subjects (17 children and pediatric patients, six adult patients, and four adult controls), using a standard 1.5 T clinical MR scanner. 1-(13)C glucose, 99% enriched (20% w/v) was administered intravenously (690 or 210 mg/kg body weight) or orally (730 mg/kg). Cerebral (13)C-enrichment patterns and time courses were compared. 1-(13)C glucose appeared in brain spectra within 2.5-15 min, with ensuing enrichment of its metabolites. No complications were encountered. When data obtained in patients were compared with controls, striking abnormalities in hepatic encephalopathy and in premature brain were observed, consistent with reduced cerebral glucose metabolism. Abnormalities in the (13)C enrichment pattern were also observed in pediatric patients with leukodystrophies and mitochondrial disorders. In this preliminary survey, we conclude that (13)C MRS in combination with glucose infusion is safe and efficient and provides new insights into the pathophysiology of brain disorders.
Transmission of 50 Gb/s with a Dual Phase-Shift Bragg Grating Silicon Photonic Modulator (2016)

A Bragg grating SiP modulator operated at 50 Gb/s with BER below the FEC threshold is demonstrated using OOK modulation without equalization. To date, this work presents the fastest SiP modulator using Bragg gratings structures.
Immunology of Cryptococcal Infections: Developing a Rational Approach to Patient Therapy (2018)

Cryptococcal meningoencephalitis is responsible for upwards of 15% of HIV-related deaths worldwide and is currently the most common cause of non-viral meningitis in the US, affecting both previously healthy and people with immune suppression caused by cancer chemotherapy, transplantation, and biologic therapies. Despite a continued 30-50% attributable mortality, recommended therapeutic strategies have remained largely unchanged since the 1950s. Recent murine models and human studies examining the role of the immune system in both susceptibility to the infection as well as host damage have begun to influence patient care decisions. The Damage Framework Response, originally proposed in 1999, was recently used to discuss dichotomous etiologies of host damage in cryptococcal disease. These include patients suffering microbiological damage with low host immunity (especially those immunosuppressed with HIV) and those having low (live) microbiological burden but high immune-mediated damage (HIV-related immune reconstitution syndrome and non-HIV-related postinfectious inflammatory response syndrome). Cryptococcal disease in previously healthy hosts, albeit rare, has been known for a long time. Immunophenotyping and dendritic cell-T cell signaling studies on cerebral spinal fluid of these rare patients reveal immune capacity for recognition and T-cell activation pathways including increased levels of HLA-DR and CD56. However, despite effective T-cell signals, brain biopsy and autopsy specimens demonstrated an M2 alternative macrophage polarization and poor phagocytosis of fungal cells. These studies expand the paradigm for cryptococcal disease susceptibility to include a prominent role for immune-mediated damage and suggest a need for careful individual consideration of immune activation during therapy of cryptococcal disease in diverse hosts.
Relationship Between Carotid Artery Stiffness and Retinal Arteriolar Narrowing in Healthy Middle-Aged Persons (2004)

Greater stiffness of the carotid arteries is related to generalized narrowing of the retinal arterioles independent of blood pressure and other vascular factors. This supports a relationship between macrovascular and microvascular disease processes important in stroke pathogenesis.
Investigation of Exterior Rotor Bearingless Motor Topologies for High-Quality Mixing Applications (2012)

The selection of a suitable topology is a crucial part of the design process of a machine. In particular, the slot/pole combination of a bearingless motor has a strong influence on the levitation and drive characteristics. In this paper, several feasible slot/pole combinations for a bearingless motor in exterior rotor construction are investigated, and the important characteristics of each possible topology are discussed in detail. In the end, a comparison between the presented topologies is undertaken, and the optimal motor topology is designed and implemented in a prototype setup.
Interferometric investigation of photonic band-structure effects in pure and doped colloidal crystals (1998)

A Mach–Zehnder interferometer was developed for accurately measuring relative phase shifts of light propagating in photonic colloidal crystals deep into the stop bands. These phase shifts can be used to determine the change in index of refraction and the optical dispersion relation from photonic band structure near the band edges. Phase measurements of colloidal crystals incorporating an impurity peak in the transmission spectrum are also presented.
Outcomes in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in the Current Era (2004)

Despite advances in interventional techniques, diabetes remains a significant independent predictor of adverse events in the intermediate term after PCI.
Digital Detection of microRNA with Nanoparticle Tags under Photonic Resonator Absorption Microscopy (2020)

We present an ultra-sensitive (&lt;1 pM) and selective platform for microRNA detection based on enhanced nanoparticle absorption assisted by plasmonic-photonic hybridization.
Coupling-Enhanced Broadband Mid-infrared Light Absorption in Graphene Plasmonic Nanostructures (2016)

Plasmons in graphene nanostructures show great promise for mid-infrared applications ranging from a few to tens of microns. However, mid-infrared plasmonic resonances in graphene nanostructures are usually weak and narrow-banded, limiting their potential in light manipulation and detection. Here, we investigate the coupling among graphene plasmonic nanostructures and further show that, by engineering the coupling, enhancement of light-graphene interaction strength and broadening of spectral width can be achieved simultaneously. Leveraging the concept of coupling, we demonstrate a hybrid two-layer graphene nanoribbon array which shows 5-7% extinction within the entire 8-14 μm (∼700-1250 cm<sup>-1</sup>) wavelength range, covering one of the important atmosphere "infrared transmission windows". Such coupled hybrid graphene plasmonic nanostructures may find applications in infrared sensing and free-space communications.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structural Aspects of LiMn2O4.+‐.δ as a Cathode for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
On the System-level Performance of Coordinated Multi-point Transmission\n Schemes in 5G NR Deployment Scenarios (2019)

This paper investigates the system-level performance of dynamic point\nselection (DPS) and non-coherent joint transmission (NC-JT) coordinated\nmulti-point transmission (CoMP) schemes under different 5G NR deployment\nscenarios using state-of-the-art system-level simulations. It is observed that\nat a mid-band carrier frequency, NC-JT does not provide performance gains over\nDPS or single transmission/reception point (TRP) transmission unless the\nchannel from a TRP is rank deficient. Therefore, benefits with NC-JT are more\nlikely to be found in indoor deployment scenarios where the TRPs are typically\nequipped with only 2 transmit antenna ports, whereas benefits are less likely\nto be observed in macro-cell deployments where TRPs typically have a larger\nnumber of antennas ports. It is further observed that NC-JT gains tend to\ndiminish with increasing system load, partly due to increased interference,\nwhich typically lowers the transmission rank.\n
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF DICARBONYL COMPOUNDS WITH DIMETHYL β‐KETOGLUTARATE‐ II. SIMPLE SYNTHESIS OF COMPOUNDS OF THE (10.3.3)‐ AND (6.3.3)‐PROPELLANE SERIES (1976)

Abstract Cyclododecan‐1,2‐dion (Ia) und Cyclooctan‐1,2‐dion (Ib) reagieren mit β‐Ketoglutarsäureester (II) über diskutierte Zwischenstufen zu den Bis‐Addukten (III) mit einer Propellan‐Struktur.
A Ferret Model of Inflammation-sensitized Late Preterm Hypoxic-ischemic Brain Injury (2019)

There is an ongoing need for clinically relevant models of perinatal infection and hypoxia-ischemia (HI) in which to test therapeutic interventions for infants with the neurological sequela of prematurity. Ferrets are ideal candidates for modeling the preterm human brain, as they are born lissencephalic and develop gyrencephalic brains postnatally. At birth, ferret brain development is similar to a 13 week human fetus, with postnatal-day (P) 17 kits considered to be equivalent to an infant at 32–36 weeks' gestation. We describe an injury model in the P17 ferret, where lipopolysaccharide administration is followed by bilateral cerebral ischemia, hypoxia, and hyperoxia. This simulates the complex interaction of prolonged inflammation, ischemia, hypoxia, and oxidative stress experienced in a number of neonates who develop brain injury. Injured animals display a range of gross injury severity, with morphological changes in the brain including narrowing of multiple cortical gyri and associated sulci. Injured animals also show slowed reflex development, slower and more variable speed of locomotion in an automated catwalk, and decreased exploration in an open field. This model provides a platform in which to test putative therapies for infants with neonatal encephalopathy associated with inflammation and HI, study mechanisms of injury that affect cortical development, and investigate pathways that provide resilience in unaffected animals.
The Liquid-Crystalline Properties of Copper(II) Complexes of β-Diketones (1991)

Abstract The preparation of several novel copper(II) complexes of β-diketones is described. Complexes of increasing molecular width have been prepared and the effect of molecular shape on the mesophase types and transition temperatures is discussed. All the liquid-crystalline complexes-exhibit nematic mesophases (monotropic for three-ring ligands and enantiotropic for four-ring ligands) with one exception which shows a smectic A phase. The liquid crystalline properties of the ligands are also discussed with respect to the way in which their molecular geometry affects the type of mesophase formed.