gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Video Coding for Machines without Ground Truth (2022)

In the emerging field of video coding for machines, video datasets with pristine video quality and high-quality annotations are required for a comprehensive evaluation. However, existing video datasets with detailed annotations are severely limited in size and video quality. Thus, current methods have to either evaluate their codecs on still images or on already compressed data. To mitigate this problem, we propose an evaluation method based on pseudo ground-truth data from the field of semantic segmentation to the evaluation of video coding for machines. Through extensive evaluation, this paper shows that the proposed ground-truth-agnostic evaluation method results in an acceptable absolute measurement error below 0.7 percentage points on the Bjøntegaard Delta Rate compared to using the true ground truth for mid-range bitrates. We evaluate on the three tasks of semantic segmentation, instance segmentation, and object detection. Lastly, we utilize the ground-truth-agnostic method to measure the coding performances of the VVC compared against HEVC on the Cityscapes sequences. This reveals that the coding position has a significant influence on the task performance.
Measurement of differential cross sections in the kinematic angular variable ϕ* for inclusive Z boson production in pp collisions at $$ \sqrt{s}=8 $$ TeV (2018)

A bstract Measurements of differential cross sections d σ/ d ϕ * and double-differential cross sections d 2 σ/ d ϕ * d| y | for inclusive Z boson production are presented using the dielectron and dimuon final states. The kinematic observable ϕ * correlates with the dilepton transverse momentum but has better resolution, and y is the dilepton rapidity. The analysis is based on data collected with the CMS experiment at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb −1 . The normalised cross section (1 /σ ) d σ/ d ϕ * , within the fiducial kinematic region, is measured with a precision of better than 0.5% for ϕ * &lt; 1. The measurements are compared to theoretical predictions and they agree, typically, within few percent.
Photoelectrochemical cell using dye sensitized zinc oxide nanowires grown on carbon fibers (2008)

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires (NWs) grown on carbon fibers using a vapor transport and condensation approach are used as the cathode of a photoelectrochemical cell. The carbon fibers were obtained by electrospray deposition and take the form of a flexible carbon fabric. The ZnO NW on carbon fiber anode is combined with a “black dye” photoabsorber, an electrolyte, and a platinum (Pt) counterelectrode to complete the cell. The results show that ZnO NW and carbon fibers can be used for photoinduced charge separation/charge transport and current collection, respectively, in a photoelectrochemical cell.
Advances in clinical MRI technology (2019)

Advances in MRI technologies have the potential to detect, characterize, and monitor a wide variety of diseases.
MMP-20 Is Predominately a Tooth-Specific Enzyme with a Deep Catalytic Pocket that Hydrolyzes Type V Collagen (2006)

Matrix metalloproteinase-20 (MMP-20, enamelysin) has a highly restricted pattern of expression. In healthy tissues, MMP-20 is observed in the enamel organ and pulp organ of developing teeth and is present only as an activated enzyme. To identify other tissues that may express MMP-20, we performed a systematic mouse tissue expression screen. Among the non-tooth tissues assayed, MMP-20 transcripts were identified only in minute quantities within the large intestine. The murine Mmp20 promoter was cloned, sequenced, and assessed for potential tooth-specific regulatory elements. In silico analysis identified four promoter modules that were common to Mmp20 and at least two of three coregulated predominantly tooth-specific genes that encode ameloblastin, amelogenin, and enamelin. We asked if the highly restricted MMP-20 expression pattern was associated with a broad substrate specificity that might preclude its expression in other tissues. An iterative mixture-based random doedecamer peptide library screen with Edman sequencing of MMP-20 cleavage products revealed that, among MMPs previously screened, MMP-20 had unique substrate preferences. These preferences indicate that MMP-20 has a deep and wide catalytic pocket that can accommodate substrates with large aromatic residues in the P1' position. On the basis of matrices derived from the peptide library data, we identified and then confirmed that type V collagen is an MMP-20 substrate. Since type V collagen is not present in dental enamel but is an otherwise widely distributed collagen, and since only active MMP-20 has been observed in teeth, our data suggest that control of MMP-20 activity is primarily regulated by transcriptional means.
Protein H — a surface protein of Streptococcus pyogenes with separate binding sites for lgG and albumin (1994)

Protein H, a molecule expressed at the surface of some strains of Streptococcus pyogenes, has affinity for the constant (IgGFc) region of immunoglobulin (Ig) G. In absorption experiments with human plasma, protein H-sepharose could absorb not only IgG but also albumin from plasma. The affinity constant for the reaction between albumin and protein H was 7.8 x 10(9) M-1, which is higher than the affinity between IgG and protein H (Ka = 1.6 x 10(9) M-1). Fragments of protein H were generated with deletion plasmids and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology. Using these fragments in various protein-protein interaction assays, the binding of albumin was mapped to three repeats (C1-C3) in the C-terminal half of protein H. On the albumin molecule, the binding site for protein H was found to overlap the site for protein G, another albumin- and IgGFc-binding bacterial surface protein. Also IgGFc-binding could be mapped with the protein H fragments and the region was found N-terminally of the C repeats. A synthetic peptide (25 amino acid residues long) based on a sequence in this region was shown to inhibit the binding of protein H to immobilized IgG or IgGFc. This sequence was not found in previously described IgGFc-binding proteins. However, two other cell surface proteins of S. pyogenes exhibited highly homologous regions. The results identify IgGFc- and albumin-binding regions of protein H and further define and emphasize the convergent evolution among bacterial surface proteins interacting with human plasma proteins.
Polylactide‐Based Nanoparticles with Tailor‐Made Functionalization (2015)

Biocompatible polymer nanoparticles are of high interest in chemical, biological, and medical research as potential drug delivery systems. These nanoparticles must be nontoxic and metabolizable. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) meets these requirements and therefore is widely used for biomedical applications. The miniemulsion/solvent evaporation procedure is a very efficient approach to produce PLA nanoparticles with controlled size and morphology using preformed polymer. In this paper, the synthesis of PLA‐based nanoparticles functionalized with either carboxyl groups or fluorescent molecules is presented. Both functionalities are covalently attached to the particle, thus any physical desorption and leakage of the dye upon storage or experiments performed under physiological conditions, for example during uptake by living cells, can be avoided. The fluorescence properties and stability of the obtained nanoparticles in aqueous solutions with different ionic strength are studied by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering. image
142. In Vivo Properties of Microencapsulated Chemotherapy for Arterial Embolization (1984)

Bechtel, W. M.D.; Wright, K. Ph.D.; Wallace, S. M.D.; Mosier, B. Ph.D.; Kudo, S. M.D.; Mir, S. M.D Author Information
Interview: Protein Folding and Studies of Neurodegenerative Diseases (2008)

In this interview, Dr. Lindquist describes relationships between protein folding, prion diseases and neurodegenerative disorders. The problem of the protein folding is at the core of the modern biology. In addition to their traditional biochemical functions, proteins can mediate transfer of biological information and therefore can be considered a genetic material. This recently discovered function of proteins has important implications for studies of human disorders. Dr. Lindquist also describes current experimental approaches to investigate the mechanism of neurodegenerative diseases based on genetic studies in model organisms.
Hemagglutinating properties of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (1994)

Many intestinal bacterial pathogens possess hemagglutinating properties, which are indicative of their adhesive properties to the intestinal mucosal surface. To understand the bacteria-mucosa interaction, 41 strains of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAggEC), a recently described category of diarrheagenic E. coli, isolated mostly from children with diarrhea in Bangladesh, India, Thailand, Central America, and South America were screened for mannose-sensitive hemagglutination and mannose-resistant hemagglutination of erythrocytes from humans, rats, mice, sheep, cattle, and rabbits. Some strains demonstrated mannose-sensitive hemagglutination of erythrocytes. Most isolates showed mannose-resistant hemagglutination of erythrocytes from all species except rabbits. The hemagglutination patterns could be classified into 18 groups. Studies with three selected isolates suggested that hemagglutinins are cell bound and are protein in nature. On the basis of the pattern of inhibition of hemagglutination by various chemicals, 39 isolates were classified into 19 groups. Hemagglutinations of many isolates were inhibited by sialic acid-containing compounds, suggesting that these compounds may be the receptors for these organisms on erythrocytes and possibly on the intestinal mucosa. These data indicate that strains of EAggEC are a heterogeneous group of organisms with different types of hemagglutinins or adhesins for the intestinal mucosal surface. Also, the adhesion characteristics of EAggEC strains may be too complex to be assessed by simple hemagglutination tests.
The Role of Chemokine Receptors in Primary, Effector, and Memory Immune Responses (2000)

The immune system is composed of single cells, and its function is entirely dependent on the capacity of these cells to traffic, localize within tissues, and interact with each other in a precisely coordinated fashion. There is growing evidence that the large families of chemokines and chemokine receptors provide a flexible code for regulating cell traffic and positioning in both homeostatic and inflammatory conditions. The regulation of chemokine receptor expression during development and following cell activation explains the complex migratory pathways taken by dendritic cells, T and B lymphocytes, providing new insights into the mechanisms that control priming, effector function, and memory responses.
EmoNets: Multimodal deep learning approaches for emotion recognition in video (2015)

The task of the emotion recognition in the wild (EmotiW) Challenge is to assign one of seven emotions to short video clips extracted from Hollywood style movies. The videos depict acted-out emotions under realistic conditions with a large degree of variation in attributes such as pose and illumination, making it worthwhile to explore approaches which consider combinations of features from multiple modalities for label assignment. In this paper we present our approach to learning several specialist models using deep learning techniques, each focusing on one modality. Among these are a convolutional neural network, focusing on capturing visual information in detected faces, a deep belief net focusing on the representation of the audio stream, a K-Means based "bag-of-mouths" model, which extracts visual features around the mouth region and a relational autoencoder, which addresses spatio-temporal aspects of videos. We explore multiple methods for the combination of cues from these modalities into one common classifier. This achieves a considerably greater accuracy than predictions from our strongest single-modality classifier. Our method was the winning submission in the 2013 EmotiW challenge and achieved a test set accuracy of 47.67% on the 2014 dataset.
465-km, 2.488 Gbit/s repeaterless transmission using a directly modulated DFB laser (2005)

Summary form only given. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate repeaterless transmission over distances as long as 465.6 km using a directly modulated distributed feedback (DFB) laser. Suppression of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) is obtained by the frequency chirping of the laser diode itself when modulated without any additional manipulation of the transmitted signal spectrum.
The Expression of Autoimmune Polyglandular Disease Type I Appears Associated With Several HLA-A Antigens But Not With HLA-DR* (1988)

We studied HLA-A, -B, -C, and -DR antigens in 45 patients (from among 34 families), aged 10.2-60 yr, with polyglandular autoimmune disease type I (APG I) and in other family members. HLA-A28 was more frequent in the patients (25%) than in unaffected siblings (16%; P less than 0.05) or in normal Finnish subjects (8.8%; P less than 0.005, corrected P less than 0.2). Compared with the normal subjects, HLA-A28 was more frequent in the patients with hypoparathyroidism (31%; P less than 0.001, corrected P less than 0.04), adrenocortical failure (27%; P less than 0.01), insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM; 66%; P less than 0.01), keratopathy (53%; P less than 0.001, corrected P less than 0.04), and alopecia (40%; P less than 0.001, corrected P less than 0.04), but not in the patients with ovarian failure (9%; P = NS). HLA-A28 was more frequent in the patients with hypoparathyroidism (31%) than in APG I patients without it (13%; P less than 0.005, corrected P less than 0.2). It was also more frequent in the patients with IDDM (66%) than in those without it (21%; P less than 0.05). HLA-A3 was more frequent in the patients with ovarian failure (82%) than in APG I patients with normal ovarian function (22%; P less than 0.025) and in normal subjects (45.5%; P less than 0.05). HLA-A9 was less frequent in the patients with ovarian failure (0%) than in those with normal ovarian function (55%; P less than 0.005, corrected P less than 0.2), and it was less frequent (P less than 0.025) in the patients with adrenocortical failure than in those with normal adrenal function. No association was found with any single DR antigen, but of 4 DR-typed IDDM patients, 3 were DR3 or DR4 positive (P = NS). The occurrence of adrenocortical failure, but not hypoparathyroidism, was familial and associated with HLA haploidentity among sets of affected siblings.
Rationale and study design of the CardioGene Study: genomics of in-stent restenosis (2004)

The CardioGene Study is designed to understand ISR. Global gene and protein expression profiling define molecular phenotypes of patients. Well-defined clinical phenotypes will be paired with genomic data to define analyses aimed to achieve several goals. These include determining blood gene and protein expression in patients with ISR, investigating the genetic basis of ISR, developing predictive gene and protein biomarkers, and the identification of new targets for treatment.
Use of the rotating wall vessel technology to study the effect of shear stress on growth behaviour of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01 (2008)

The biofilm phenotype of Pseudomonas aeruginosa enables this opportunistic pathogen to develop resistance to the immune system and antimicrobial agents. Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms are generated under varying levels of shear stress, depending on the infection site. In the lung mucus of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, P. aeruginosa forms matrix-enclosed microcolonies which cause chronic infections representing the major cause of mortality in CF patients. The lung mucus of CF patients is probably characterized by low fluid shear as the main shear-causing factor, i.e. mucociliary clearance, is absent. In this study, the influence of fluid shear on the growth behaviour of P. aeruginosa PA01 was investigated using a low-shear suspension culture device, the rotating wall vessel (RWV). Cultivation in low shear induced a self-aggregating phenotype of P. aeruginosa PA01, resulting in the formation of biofilms in suspension similar to what has been described in CF mucus. The addition of a ceramic bead to the culture medium in the RWV created a higher-shear condition which led to the formation of surface-attached rather than suspension biofilms. In low-shear culture conditions, a significant increase of the rhl N-butanoyl-l-homoserine lactone (C(4)-HSL) directed quorum sensing (QS) system, and the psl polysaccharide synthetic locus was demonstrated using gene expression analysis. Accordingly, the low-shear condition induced a higher production of rhamnolipids, which is controlled by the C(4)-HSL QS-system and is known to play a role in CF lung pathology. These results indicate that fluid shear has an impact on the growth phenotype of P. aeruginosa which might play a role in CF lung infections caused by this bacterium.
Robust TSV via-middle and via-reveal process integration accomplished through characterization and management of sources of variation (2012)

An overview is given of developments in unit-process and process-integration technology enabling the realization of through-silicon vias (TSVs) for 3D chip stacking. TSVs are expected to increase interconnect bandwidth, reduce wire delay due to shorter vertical signal path, and improve power efficiency [1-3]. The fabrication sequences for forming TSVs in the middle of the line (via-middle approach) and for revealing them from the backside in the far back end of the line are described with detailed attention to major unit processes of etch, dielectric deposition, barrier and seed deposition, electrochemical deposition, and chemical-mechanical planarization. Unit-process advances are described in relation to the structural and functional requirements of the TSVs, and examples are given of co-optimization among the interdependent steps of the integrated sequence. Emphasis is given to copper vias of diameter 4 to 10μm with aspect ratio between 8 and 12. For both the viaformation and via-reveal sequence, it is shown how integration problems were overcome by a comprehensive approach.
In Situ XRD Study of the Phase Evolution in LixMn1.5Ni0.5O4 as 4.7-Volt Positive Electrode Materials for Li-Ion Batteries (2014)

In situ X-ray diffraction has been carried out to study the structural changes of the bare and Cr-doped LiMn 1.5 Ni 0.5 O 4 crystallized samples in the disordered phase ( Fd m space group) are investigated during the galvanostatic charge/discharge process at C/24 rate. The de-intercalation of lithium proceeds through a series of first-order phase transitions with two regions of two-phase coexistence. The phase diagram is analyzed and discussed, together with the differences among different results reported in the literature.
Reduced concentrations of the B cell cytokine interleukin 38 are associated with cardiovascular disease risk in overweight subjects (2020)

The IL-1 family member IL-38 (IL1F10) suppresses inflammatory and autoimmune conditions. Here, we report that plasma concentrations of IL-38 in 288 healthy Europeans correlate positively with circulating memory B cells and plasmablasts. IL-38 correlated negatively with age (p = 0.02) and was stable in 48 subjects for 1 year. In comparison with primary keratinocytes, IL1F10 expression in CD19<sup>+</sup> B cells from PBMC was lower, whereas cell-associated IL-38 expression was comparable. In vitro, IL-38 is released from CD19<sup>+</sup> B cells after stimulation with rituximab. Intravenous LPS in humans failed to induce circulating IL-38, compared to 100-fold induction of IL-6 and IL-1 receptor antagonist. In a cohort of 296 subjects with body mass index > 27 at high risk for cardiovascular disease, IL-38 plasma concentrations were significantly lower than in healthy subjects (p < 0.0001), and lowest in those with metabolic syndrome (p < 0.05). IL-38 also correlated inversely with high sensitivity C-reactive protein (p < 0.01), IL-6, IL-1Ra, and leptin (p < 0.05). We conclude that a relative deficiency of the B cell product IL-38 is associated with increased systemic inflammation in aging, cardiovascular and metabolic disease, and is consistent with IL-38 as an anti-inflammatory cytokine.
Intelligent fence intrusion detection system: detection of intentional fence breaching and recognition of fence climbing (2008)

Perimeter fencing is widely used to isolate and protect public and private places such as airports, military bases, power stations and construction zones against unauthorized accesses. Fence structures merely prevent a percentage of intrusions or postpone them. A higher level of security is needed to monitor and investigate activities on or around the fences. The Fence Intrusion Detection System (FIDS) is one of Perimeter Intrusion Detection Systems (PIDS) focusing on the fence intrusions. In general, there is no system practically available to classify suspicious activities; whether the activity was due to the strong wind turbulent or climbing of a person on the fence.
Synthesis and Characterization of New Soluble Cardo Aromatic Polyamides Bearing Diphenylmethylene Linkage and Norbornyl Group (2001)

In this work, two kinds of new cardo dicarboxylic acids containing a diphenylmethylene linkage and a pendant norbornyl group were prepared from p-fluorobenzonitrile and bis(4-hydroxphenyl)diphenylmethane and 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)norbornane, respectively, via aromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction followed by hydrolysis. Several newpolyamides were prepared by direct polycondensation of the dicarobxylic acids and various aromatic diamines. The polymers were produced with moderate to high inherent viscosities of 0.72–1.35 dL·g–1. Nearly all the polymers were readily soluble in polar solvents such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N,N-dimethylformamide, and dimethyl sulfoxide, as well as in less polar solvents such as pyridine and cyclohexanone, and also in tetrahydrofurane. All of the polymers were amorphous and the films had a tensile strength and tensile modulus above 82 MPa and 2.0 GPa, respectively. These polyamides had glass transition temperatures between 235–280°C and 10% weight loss temperatures in the range of 500–538 and 515–540°C in nitrogen and air atmosphere, respectively. Polyamides with a diphenylmethylene linkage showed higher thermal stability than those with a norbornyl group due to the presence of the phenyl groups.
The effect of Cernitins on galactosamine-induced hepatic injury in rat. (1985)

Cernitins correspond to microbiologically fermented pollen extract. Cernitin T60 contains mainly water soluble, while Cernitin GBX mainly fat soluble substances. The aim of the present work was to examine the effect of Cernitins on the d-galactosamine-induced liver damage in rat. It has been shown, that galactosamine administration to rat resembles viral hepatitis both biochemically and histologically. Our studies proved, that Cernitin T60 given orally or intraperitoneally inhibited or counteracted the elevation of amino transferases activity and the inflammatory process, necrosis and steatosis of the liver cells. The protective effect of Cernitin GBX on the liver parenchyma was only slightly expressed. It is concluded, that application of pollen extracts in patients with liver diseases should be considered.
Factors in Surgical Decision Making for Thoracolumbar/Lumbar AIS: It’s About More Than Just the Curve Magnitude (2016)

Level II-Prognostic.