gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A novel route update design for wireless sensor networks (2004)

In wireless sensor networks, mobility of targets and sinks, as well as power exhaustion of sensors often leads to breakage of existing routes. In this paper, we propose an efficient route update protocol (ERUP) to rebuild new routes in the neighborhood of broken ones. ERUP consists of two steps: firstly, nodes along the old problematic route define a packet propagation region; and then, route rediscovery packets are broadcast only within this region. ERUP not only achieves very low control overhead, but also provides much bigger freedom for the selection of new routes, which unnecessarily overlap the old ones. This virtue is especially important to the route-wide update cases, such as continuous movement of endpoints, and renovation of worn-out routes. Simulations verify the efficiency and scalability of ERUP.
Le réseau multi-source thermoélastique : une solution au contrôle par ultrasons sans contact (1994)

Un réseau de seize sources thermoélastiques déphasées est utilisé afin d'engendrer des ondes ultrasonores de forte amplitude et de direction réglable. Ce réseau est crée à la surface du solide par un laser Nd : YAG multivoie qui produit seize impulsions indépendantes. En introduisant une loi de retard appropriée entre chaque impulsion laser, on réalise des interférences constructives en tout point du solide. La détection des signaux ultrasonores est assurée soit par un transducteur piézoélectrique soit par une sonde optique. Des défauts en volume ainsi que de fines fentes à la surface du matériau sont détectes respectivement par focalisation des ondes longitudinales et par sommation constructive des ondes de Rayleigh.
Thermal and electronic transport properties of CeTe2−xSnx compounds (2009)

The thermal and electronic transport properties on rare-earth dichalcogenide compounds of CeTe2−xSnx (x≤0.1) were investigated by measuring electrical resistivity ρ, thermal conductivity κ, and Seebeck coefficient S. Compound of CeTe2 exhibited very low κ (1.25 W m−1 K−1) at 300 K, which was understood by the charge density wave lattice distortion. From the ρ(T) measurements, the metallic property of CeTe2 was significantly enhanced by Sn substitution. The temperature-dependent behavior of S(T) for CeTe2−xSnx (x=0.05 and 0.1) was well described by the inelastic Umklapp process and the phonon drag. The low Seebeck coefficient of CeTe2 (S≈2.5 μV/K at T≈300 K) was increased by Sn doping. From the band structure calculation, the semimetallic band character of CeTe2 was revealed with symmetric electron-hole band dispersion near the Fermi level. The symmetric electron-hole band dispersion of CeTe2 is responsible for the low Seebeck coefficient. The enhancement of the metallic property and Seebeck coefficient because of Sn substitution could be understood by the charge imbalance between electrons and holes caused by hole doping in the Te monolayer.
Serum microRNAs to predict the response to nivolumab in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. (2017)

e14511 Background: A phase II study demonstrated that nivolumab (Nivo), a PD-1 inhibitor, had a meaningful activity for patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Although several biomarkers, including PD-L1 expression levels in tumor tissue, are explored to predict the efficacy of Nivo, further investigation is needed. Here we evaluated whether serum levels of microRNA (miRNA) could be a candidate of predictive markers. Methods: Among 65 patients who participated in the phase II study (JapicCTINo.142422) and received Nivo 3 mg/kg IV Q2W, 19 patients were treated at our institution. Patients were classified into responder and non-responder by investigators based on modified ir-RECIST. Serum samples were stored before and during treatment in the National Cancer Center Biobank. Comprehensive miRNA microarray analyses were performed using a 3D-Gene Human miRNA Oligo Chip (Toray Industries, Inc.), which was designed to detect 2565 miRNA expression levels. miRNA were compared between responders and non-responders using Fisher’s linear discriminant analysis, and then we calculated the area under curve (AUC) values of receiver operating characteristic curve. We explored the miRNA that showed AUC values of more than 0.8 and difference by 0.5 in the average log2 value of miRNA levels (log2miRNA) between responders and non-responders, and investigated their relation to progression-free survival using Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank tests. Results: Among 19 patients, 5 responded (CR/PR, 1/4) to Nivo. We identified 3 miRNAs in the serum before treatment that were related to response to Nivo with AUC of 0.84 (log2miRNA of non-responder/responder: 13.16/12.47), 0.90 (8.65/10.20) and 0.81 (7.18/6.57), respectively. In the serum after the first treatment, 5 miRNAs were related to response to Nivo with AUC of 0.93 (11.93/11.09), 0.93 (11.87/11.13), 0.85 (7.92/8.53), 0.92 (6.61/5.82) and 0.93 (7.77/ 7.09), respectively. Among these 8 miRNAs, 4 miRNAs were significantly associated with progression-free survival. Conclusions: We identified miRNA candidates that could predict the response to Nivo. Further validation is warranted to confirm the results of our explorative research.
Complete spatial coherence characterization of quasi-random laser emission from dye doped transparent wood (2018)

We report on the experimental determination of the complete two coordinate spatial coherence function of light emitted by a quasi-random laser, implemented on recently introduced dye-doped transparent wood. The spatial coherence was measured by means of a double grating interferometer, which has some advantages over the standard Young's interferometer. Analysis of the spatial coherence reveals that emission from such a material can be considered as a superposition of several spatial modes produced by individual emitters within semi-ordered scattering medium. The overall degree of coherence, γ¯, for this quasi-random laser was found to be 0.16 ± 0.01, having possible applications in speckle free laser imaging and illumination.
Elongin B/C Recruitment Regulates Substrate Binding by CIS (2008)

SOCS proteins play a major role in the regulation of cytokine signaling. They are recruited to activated receptors and can suppress signaling by different mechanisms including targeting of the receptor complex for proteasomal degradation. The activity of SOCS proteins is regulated at different levels including transcriptional control and posttranslational modification. We describe here a novel regulatory mechanism for CIS, one of the members of this protein family. A CIS mutant deficient in recruitment of the Elongin B/C complex completely failed to suppress STAT5 activation. This deficiency was not caused by altered turnover of CIS but by loss of cytokine receptor interaction. Intriguingly, no such effect was seen for binding to MyD88. The interaction between CIS and the Elongin B/C complex, which depends on the levels of uncomplexed Elongin B/C, was easily disrupted. This regulatory mechanism may be unique for CIS, as similar mutations in SOCS1, -2, -3, -6, and -7 had no functional impact. Our findings indicate that the SOCS box not only plays a role in the formation of E3 ligase complexes but, at least for CIS, can also regulate the binding modus of SOCS box-containing proteins.
Egg‐ or cell culture‐derived hemagglutinin mutations impair virus stability and antigen content of inactivated influenza vaccines (2013)

Egg-derived viruses are the only available seed material for influenza vaccine production. Vaccine manufacturing is done in embryonated chicken eggs, MDCK or Vero cells. In order to contribute to efficient production of influenza vaccines, we investigate whether the quality of inactivated vaccines is influenced by the propagation substrate. We demonstrate that H3N2 egg-derived seed viruses (A/Brisbane/10/07, IVR147, and A/Uruguay/716/07) triggered the hemagglutinin (HA) conformational change under less acidic conditions (0.2-0.6 pH units) than antigenically similar primary isolates. This phenotype was associated with HA1 (A138S, L194P) and HA2 (D160N) substitutions, and strongly related to decreased virus stability towards acidic pH and elevated temperature. The subsequent propagation of H3N2 and H1N1 egg-derived seed viruses in MDCK and Vero cells induced HA2 N50K (H1N1) and D160E (H3N2) mutations, improving virus growth in cell culture but further impairing virus stability. The prevention of the loss or recovery of stability was possible by cultivation at acidified conditions. Viruses carrying less stable HAs are more sensitive for HA conformational change during concentration, purification and storage. This results in decreased detectable HA antigen content - the main potency marker for inactivated influenza vaccines. Thus, virus stability can be a useful marker for predicting the manufacturing scope of seed viruses.
Antiplatelet Therapies: Platelet GPIIb / IIIa Antagonists and Beyond (2003)

Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases continue to be leading causes of death throughout the world. Blood platelets play a pivotal role not only in haemostasis but also in the pathogenesis of thrombosis and atherosclerosis, platelet aggregation being an essential step in the formation of either an effective haemostatic plug or an intravascular thrombus. The benefits of various antiplatelet therapies ranging from aspirin, ticlopidine, Clopidogrel, and intravenous platelet GPIIb/IIIa antagonists in various thromboembolic disorders are well documented. Despite of the success of intravenous acute GPIIb/IIIa blockade when given in conjunction with heparin, chronic oral GPIIb/IIIa antagonists with or without aspirin failed in various cardiovascular settings. This review highlights the role of the various antiplatelet therapies in thrombotic disorders as well as future directions.
Electrohydraulic gas sampling valve (1984)

An electrohydraulically actuated gas sampling valve is described for use in reciprocating IC engine combustion studies. The design objectives achieved include: short sampling interval, 0.4–1.0 ms; variable valve lift range, 0.01–0.3 mm; and large sealing force capability to retain a gas tight seal when the valve is closed. The present configuration has flush seating geometry of the valve stem to valve seat to permit accurate boundary layer probing without perturbation of the sample region before the time of sampling. When coupled to a gas chromatograph or another measurement device, species concentrations can be measured at various times in the combustion cycle. Use of the valve in engine combustion studies has provided new experimental insight indicating that flame-wall quenching is not an important contributor to exhaust hydrocarbon emissions as once believed.
Effect of filtration and storage of platelet concentrates on the production of the chemotaxins C5a, interleukin 8, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and leukotriene B4 (1998)

Both C5a and TNFalpha generation in apheresis PCs seem to induce white cell IL-8 production, which mediates cellular LTB4 release. Prestorage white cell reduction is recommended for reducing chemotactic cytokine and leukotriene levels in all PCs. Production of BC PCs is recommended to achieve less complement activation, which is not affected by filtration.
Analysis of Site-specific Glycosylation of Renal and Hepatic γ-Glutamyl Transpeptidase from Normal Human Tissue (2010)

The cell surface glycoprotein γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) was isolated from healthy human kidney and liver to characterize its glycosylation in normal human tissue in vivo. GGT is expressed by a single cell type in the kidney. The spectrum of N-glycans released from kidney GGT constituted a subset of the N-glycans identified from renal membrane glycoproteins. Recent advances in mass spectrometry enabled us to identify the microheterogeneity and relative abundance of glycans on specific glycopeptides and revealed a broader spectrum of glycans than was observed among glycans enzymatically released from isolated GGT. A total of 36 glycan compositions, with 40 unique structures, were identified by site-specific glycan analysis. Up to 15 different glycans were observed at a single site, with site-specific variation in glycan composition. N-Glycans released from liver membrane glycoproteins included many glycans also identified in the kidney. However, analysis of hepatic GGT glycopeptides revealed 11 glycan compositions, with 12 unique structures, none of which were observed on kidney GGT. No variation in glycosylation was observed among multiple kidney and liver donors. Two glycosylation sites on renal GGT were modified exclusively by neutral glycans. In silico modeling of GGT predicts that these two glycans are located in clefts on the surface of the protein facing the cell membrane, and their synthesis may be subject to steric constraints. This is the first analysis at the level of individual glycopeptides of a human glycoprotein produced by two different tissues in vivo and provides novel insights into tissue-specific and site-specific glycosylation in normal human tissues.
A Fundamental Investigation on the Structural Dynamics of Model Siloxane Networks under Extreme Pressure (2013)

Poly(dimethylsiloxane) elastomers are ubiquitous in their application as key components in a range of (often extreme) environments. and as such, they often experience pressures in a region where we do not understand their physical response and therefore can offer no predictive estimate of lifetime of failure . We are proposing a fundamental scientific investigation of the pressure induced morphological changes in model PDMS networks. Both NMR and BDS spectroscopies will be used to interrogate pressure induced changes and meaningful phase relations will be sought. The addition of filler to the networks will be used as an attempt to engineer the network to be more resistant to pressure changes. We have the equipment, model networks and expertise to start this project immediately; funding is sought as an investment in our time allocation.
<title>InGaAs multiple quantum well modulating retro-reflector for free-space optical communications</title> (2002)

Modulating retro-reflectors provide means for free space optical communication without the need for a laser, telescope or pointer tracker on one end of the link. These systems work by coupling a retro-reflector with an electro- optic shutter. The modulating retro-reflector is then interrogated by a cw laser beam from a conventional optical communications system and returns a modulated signal beam to the interrogator. Over the last few years the Naval Research Laboratory has developed modulating retro-reflector based on corner cubes and large area Transmissive InGaAs multiple quantum well modulators. These devices can allow optical links at speeds up to about 10 Mbps. We will discuss the critical performance characteristics of such systems including modulating rate, power consumption, optical contrast ratio and operating wavelength. In addition a new modulating retro-reflector architecture based upon cat s eye retroreflectors will be discussed. This architecture has the possibility for data rates of hundreds of megabits per second at power consumptions below 100 mW.
Worldwide trends in blood pressure from 1975 to 2015: a pooled analysis of 1479 population-based measurement studies with 19.1 million participants (2017)

Background Raised blood pressure is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and chronic kidney disease. We estimated worldwide trends in mean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressure, and the prevalence of, and number of people with, raised blood pressure, defined as systolic blood pressure of 140 mm Hg or higher or diastolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg or higher. Methods For this analysis, we pooled national, subnational, or community population-based studies that had measured blood pressure in adults aged 18 years and older. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1975 to 2015 in mean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressure, and the prevalence of raised blood pressure for 200 countries. We calculated the contributions of changes in prevalence versus population growth and ageing to the increase in the number of adults with raised blood pressure. Findings We pooled 1479 studies that had measured the blood pressures of 19·1 million adults. Global age-standardised mean systolic blood pressure in 2015 was 127·0 mm Hg (95% credible interval 125·7–128·3) in men and 122·3 mm Hg (121·0–123·6) in women; age-standardised mean diastolic blood pressure was 78·7 mm Hg (77·9–79·5) for men and 76·7 mm Hg (75·9–77·6) for women. Global age-standardised prevalence of raised blood pressure was 24·1% (21·4–27·1) in men and 20·1% (17·8–22·5) in women in 2015. Mean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressure decreased substantially from 1975 to 2015 in high-income western and Asia Pacific countries, moving these countries from having some of the highest worldwide blood pressure in 1975 to the lowest in 2015. Mean blood pressure also decreased in women in central and eastern Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean, and, more recently, central Asia, Middle East, and north Africa, but the estimated trends in these super-regions had larger uncertainty than in high-income super-regions. By contrast, mean blood pressure might have increased in east and southeast Asia, south Asia, Oceania, and sub-Saharan Africa. In 2015, central and eastern Europe, sub-Saharan Africa, and south Asia had the highest blood pressure levels. Prevalence of raised blood pressure decreased in high-income and some middle-income countries; it remained unchanged elsewhere. The number of adults with raised blood pressure increased from 594 million in 1975 to 1·13 billion in 2015, with the increase largely in low-income and middle-income countries. The global increase in the number of adults with raised blood pressure is a net effect of increase due to population growth and ageing, and decrease due to declining age-specific prevalence. Interpretation During the past four decades, the highest worldwide blood pressure levels have shifted from high-income countries to low-income countries in south Asia and sub-Saharan Africa due to opposite trends, while blood pressure has been persistently high in central and eastern Europe. Funding Wellcome Trust.
Coordination in large-scale software teams (2009)

Large-scale software development requires coordination within and between very large engineering teams which may be located in different buildings, on different company campuses, and in different time zones. From a survey answered by 775 Microsoft software engineers, we learned how work was coordinated within and between teams and how engineers felt about their success at these tasks. The respondents revealed that the most common objects of coordination are schedules and features, not code or interfaces, and that more communication and personal contact worked better to make interactions between teams go more smoothly.
Absorption-Based Diamond Spin Microscopy on a Plasmonic\nQuantum Metasurface (2021)

Nitrogen\nvacancy (NV) centers in diamond have emerged as a leading\nquantum sensor platform, combining exceptional sensitivity with nanoscale\nspatial resolution by optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR).\nBecause fluorescence-based ODMR techniques are limited by low photon\ncollection efficiency and modulation contrast, there has been growing\ninterest in infrared (IR)-absorption-based readout of the NV singlet\nstate transition. IR readout can improve contrast and collection efficiency,\nbut it has thus far been limited to long-path length geometries in\nbulk samples due to the small absorption cross section of the NV singlet\nstate. Here, we propose to amplify the IR absorption by introducing\na resonant diamond metallodielectric metasurface that concentrates\nthe optical field near the diamond surface. This “plasmonic\nquantum sensing metasurface” (PQSM) supports plasmonic surface\nlattice resonances and achieves desired balance between field localization\nand sensing volume to optimize spin readout sensitivity. From combined\nelectromagnetic and rate-equation modeling, we estimate a near-spin-projection-noise-limited\nsensitivity below 1 nT Hz&lt;sup&gt;–1/2&lt;/sup&gt; per μm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; of sensing area using numbers for present-day NV diamond samples\nand fabrication techniques. The proposed PQSM enables a new form of\nmicroscopic ODMR sensing with infrared readout near the spin-projection-noise-limited\nsensitivity, making it appealing for the most demanding applications\nsuch as imaging through scattering tissues and spatially resolved\nchemical NMR detection.
Advanced generator protection and monitoring using transducer measurements (2017)

A number of generator issues are undetectable using the generator terminal voltage or current measurements. For example, a switching element failure in the exciter produces a characteristic harmonic signature in the field current. While some generator protective relays are capable of measuring the field current, the sampling rate may be insufficient to extract the relevant harmonics. Consider shaft current protection of hydroelectric generators. The measurement source is a shaft current transformer or Rogowski coil. The operating quantity is a fundamental or root mean square component, but the signal level will likely be too low for conventional current inputs to measure. This paper reviews a number of generator protection and monitoring applications that use transducer measurements to complement current protection. The paper describes the factors that govern the signal characteristics. It defines the operating principles of the protection functions and the resulting transducer measurement requirements.
Heterogeneous platinum-catalyzed hydrogenation of dialkyl(diolefin)platinum(II) complexes: A new route to platinum surface alkyls (1981)

Platinum metal catalyzes the reduction of dialkyl(diolefin)platinum(II) complexes by dihydrogen to alkanes and platinum(0). The reaction involves adsorption of the platinum(II) complex on the platinum(0) catalyst surface with conversion of the alkyl moieties to platinum surface alkyls; these appear as alkane products. The platinum atom originally present in the soluble organoplatinum species becomes part of the platinum(0) surface.
Influence of scale-up on the quality of recombinant human growth hormone (2000)

The aerobic fed-batch production of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) by Escherichia coli was studied. The goal was to determine the production and protein degradation pattern of this product during fed-batch cultivation and to what extent scale differences depend on the presence of a fed-batch glucose feed zone. Results of laboratory bench-scale, scale-down (SDR), and industrial pilot-scale (3-m(3)) reactor production were compared. In addition to the parameters of product yield and quality, also cell yield, respiration, overflow, mixed acid fermentation, glucose concentration, and cell lysis were studied and compared. The results show that oxygen limitation following glucose overflow was the critical parameter and not the glucose overflow itself. This was verified by the pattern of byproduct formation where formate was the dominating factor and not acetic acid. A correlation between the accumulation of formate, the degree of heterogeneity, and cell lysis was also visualized when recombinant protein was expressed. The production pattern could be mimicked in the SDR reactor for all parameters, except for product quantity and quality, where 30% fewer rhGH-degraded forms were present and where about 80% higher total yield was achieved, resulting in 10% greater accumulation of properly formed rhGH monomer.