gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lateral leakage of TM-like mode in thin-ridge Silicon-on-Insulator bent waveguides and ring resonators (2010)

We present the first prediction of lateral leakage behavior of the TM-like mode in thin-ridge SOI curved waveguides and ring resonators. A simple phenomenological model is first presented which predicts that the lateral leakage in these structures is significantly impacted by both the ring radius and waveguide width. This prediction is verified using full vectorial mode matching and finite element methods. We show that specific combinations of waveguide width and ring radius can lead to very low-loss propagation in the TM-like mode. This finding is critical for the design of high-Q resonators on such waveguide platforms and will have major impact on the field of silicon lasers and sensing applications.
Appendix B: Index of Synthetic Conversions (2013)

direct fluorination 33 Ar-H; electrophilic fluorination 88, 91, 93 Ar-H; oxidative fluorination 50 Ar-B(OH) 2 ; palladium catalysis 52, 54 Ar-NH 2 ; Balz-Schiemann reaction 48 Ar-OH; fluoroformate method 49 Ar-SnBu 3 ; silver catalysis 50 Ar-OTf; palladium catalysis 53 Ar-X; nucleophilic substitution (Halex) 52 Perfluorocycloalkanes; reductive defluorinationaromatization 47 gem Difluorocyclopropanes Olefin; difluorocarbene precursor 156ff.R 2 C=CF 2 C-C(O)-R ; CF 2 Br 2 , P(NMe 2 ) 3 195, 203 R-CF=CF 2 Ar-I; CF 2 =CFZn, catalyst 196 R-Metal; CF 2 =CF 2 193, 195, 197 R-CF 2 C(O)-R BrF 2 CCOOEt; Zn, carbonyl compound 203 R(OSiMe 3 )C=CF 2 ; cyclodimerization 200 R(OSiMe 3 )C=CF 2 ; R -COX 199 R-CF 2 N 3 Dithianylium salt; oxidative fluorodesulfuration in the presence of azide 85 R-CF 2 OOR Dithianylium salt; oxidative fluorodesulfuration in the presence of R -OOH 85 R-CF 2 O-R Dithianylium salt; oxidative fluorodesulfuration in the presence of R -OH 83ff.
Broad band superprism effect of triangular one-dimensional Ta (2005)

We first fabricated the triangular one-dimensional Ta2O5 photonic crystal embedded in slab waveguide. Super-prism effect, which was 1.7 times as large as that of our previous SiO2 photonic crystal, was attained in 100-nm wavelength region. (2 pages)
Reduction of Oxygen at an Electrode Modified by Cobaltporphyrin Liquid Membrane (2002)

Abstract The picket-fence cobaltporphyrin (CoP) having rapid and reversible oxygen-binding properties was employed to accumulate oxygen from a bulk solution to a diffusion layer at an electrode surface. Modification of a carbon electrode with a thin CoP liquid membrane resulted in a significant increase in the reduction current of oxygen, which proved to be a new type of modified electrode to reduce the diffusion resistance of oxygen from the bulk solution onto the electrode surface.
In Silico Modeling of Metabolic State in Single Th17 Cells Reveals Novel Regulators of Inflammation and Autoimmunity (2020)

ABSTRACT Cellular metabolism, a key regulator of immune responses, is difficult to study with current technologies in individual cells Here, we present Compass, an algorithm to characterize the metabolic state of cells based on single-cell RNA-Seq and flux balance analysis. We applied Compass to associate metabolic states with functional variability (pathogenic potential) amongst Th17 cells and recovered a metabolic switch between glycolysis and fatty acid oxidation, akin to known differences between Th17 and Treg cells, as well as novel targets in amino-acid pathways, which we tested through targeted metabolic assays. Compass further predicted a particular glycolytic reaction (phosphoglycerate mutase — PGAM) that promotes an anti-inflammatory Th17 phenotype, contrary to the common understanding of glycolysis as pro-inflammatory. We demonstrate that PGAM inhibition leads non-pathogenic Th17 cells to adopt a pro-inflammatory transcriptome and induce autoimmunity in vivo. Compass is broadly applicable for characterizing metabolic states of cells and relating metabolic heterogeneity to other cellular phenotypes.
Comparison of continuous wave versus picosecond SRS and the resonance SRS effect (2020)

Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) is a powerful optical technique for probing the vibrational states of molecules in biological tissues and provides greater signal intensities than when using spontaneous Raman scattering. In this study, we examined the use of continuous wave (cw) and picosecond (ps) laser excitations to generate SRS signals in pure methanol, a carotene-methanol solution, acetone, and brain tissue samples. The cw-SRS system, which utilized two cw lasers, produced better signal-to-noise (S/N) than the conventional ps-SRS system, suggesting that the cw-SRS system is an efficient and cost-effective approach for studying SRS in complex systems like the brain. The cw-SRS approach will reduce the size of the SRS system, allowing for stimulated Raman gain/loss microscopy. In addition, we showed that there exists a resonance SRS (RSRS) effect from the carotene-methanol solution and brain tissue samples using cw laser excitations. The RSRS effect will further improve the signal-to-noise and may be utilized as an enhanced, label-free SRS microscopic tool for the study of biological tissues.
Differences in N-glycosylation of recombinant human coagulation factor VII derived from BHK, CHO, and HEK293 cells (2015)

From all rFVII isolates investigated, CHOrFVII contained the highest degree of sialylation and no terminal GalNAc, and CHO cells were therefore assumed to be the best option for the production of rFVII.
Multinuclear silver(i) XPhos complexes with cyclooctatetraene: photochemical C–C bond cleavage of acetonitrile and cyanide bridged Ag cluster formation (2016)

Cationic mono-, di-, tri- and tetra-nuclear silver complexes with Buchwald-type phosphane (XPhos) and cyclooctatetraene (COT) have been synthesized and characterized. Formation of [(XPhos-Ag)n(COT)][SbF6]n (n = 1 and 2) complexes was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray crystallography and multinuclear NMR spectroscopy. Variable-temperature NMR spectroscopy in CD2Cl2 solution shows the fluxionality of the COT ring in the mono-Ag(i) XPhos complex. Fluxionality of COT was also confirmed in the case of the di-Ag(i) XPhos complex by solid-state and solution (31)P NMR spectroscopy. The C-C bond cleavage of coordinated acetonitrile [XPhos-Ag(i)-NCCH3] resulting in cyanide bridged Ag cluster formation [(XPhos-Ag)2(μ-CN)n(μ-Ag)n-1] (n = 1, 2, 3 and 4) upon light excitation of [(XPhos-Ag)n(COT)] was confirmed by HRESI-MS, UV-Absorption and HR-TEM.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Total Syntheses of Pumiliotoxins A and B. Applications of Iodide‐Promoted Iminium Ion‐Alkyne Cyclizations in Alkaloid Construction. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Pharmacokinetics of Ruxolitinib in HIV Suppressed Individuals on Antiretroviral Agent Therapy from the ACTG A5336 Study (2021)

Ruxolitinib is a US Food and Drug Administration-approved orally administered Janus kinase (1/2) inhibitor that reduces cytokine-induced inflammation. As part of a randomized, phase 2, open-label trial, ruxolitinib (10 mg twice daily) was administered to HIV-positive, virologically suppressed individuals (33 men, 7 women) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) for 5 weeks. Herein, we report the population PK subsequently determined from this study. Plasma concentrations of ruxolitinib (294 samples) and antiretroviral agents were measured at week 1 (N = 39 participants) and week 4 or 5 (N = 37). Ruxolitinib PK was adequately described with a 2-compartment model with first-order absorption and elimination with distribution volumes normalized to mean body weight (91.5 kg) and a separate typical clearance for participants administered efavirenz (a known cytochrome P450 3A4 inducer). Participants administered an ART regimen with efavirenz had an elevated typical apparent oral clearance versus the integrase inhibitor regimen group (22.5 vs 12.9 L/hr; N = 14 vs 25). Post hoc predicted apparent oral clearance was likewise more variable and higher (P < .0001) in those administered efavirenz. There was an ≈25% variation in ruxolitinib plasma exposures between week 1 and week 4/5. ART plasma concentrations resembled those from PK studies without ruxolitinib. Therefore, integrase inhibitor-based ART regimens may be preferred over efavirenz-based regimens when ruxolitinib is administered to HIV-positive individuals.
Peripapillary Vasoconstriction in the Glaucomas and the Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathies (1994)

Proximal constriction (retinal arteries narrower near the disk than further down the stream in the retina) was present in 96 of 226 eyes (42%) with classic glaucoma or normal-tension glaucoma, but it was present in only 11 of 206 eyes (5%) that were normal, had ocular hypertension, or had retinal disease not affecting the optic nerve. In cases of glaucoma with proximal constriction over only part of the disk circumference, its location corresponded to the sector with the greatest cupping in 60 of 66 cases (91%) and likewise corresponded to the sector in which the peripapillary zone of absent retinal pigment epithelium was widest in 48 of 55 cases (87%). Proximal constriction was also present in 16 of 45 eyes (36%) with nonischemic types of non-glaucomatous optic atrophy. The nonarteritic form of anterior ischemic optic neuropathy had proximal constriction in 19 of 28 eyes (68%), which was more frequent than in those with glaucoma (P = .017). Only one of nine eyes with the arteritic form of anterior ischemic optic neuropathy had proximal constriction, which was lower prevalence than in those with glaucoma (P = .066). General arterial narrowing (throughout the retinal course) was present in 111 of 204 (54%) of those with moderate optic nerve damage and 100 of 128 (78%) of those with severe optic nerve damage in all categories, compared with 29 of 208 (14%) of the controls with no optic nerve damage. Unlike proximal constriction, the generalized narrowing was related to severity of optic nerve damage and not to the disease category.
Anesthesia and analgesia protocols for total knee arthroplasty. (2006)

Uncontrolled pain associated with total knee arthroplasty can have significant untoward effects on patient outcomes, leading to delayed recovery, inability to participate in rehabilitation, prolonged hospitalization, and increased use of health care resources. In this article, I review the methodologies and outcomes of several studies and protocols involving preemptive, perioperative, and postoperative use of various anesthetic and analgesic agents. Used together with minimally invasive techniques, appropriate pain control should result in significant improvements in patient outcomes.
Integrated Sensing and Full-Duplex Communication: Joint Transceiver Beamforming and Power Allocation (2023)

In this paper, we investigate the beamforming design for an integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) system involved full-duplex (FD) communications. Specifically, an FD ISAC base station (BS) performs target detection and communicates with multiple downlink users and uplink users reusing the same time and frequency resources. We jointly optimize the downlink dual-functional transmit signal and the uplink receive beamformers at the BS and the transmit power at the uplink users. The problem is formulated to minimize the total transmit power of the system while ensuring the communication and sensing requirements. The downlink and uplink transmissions are tightly coupled, making the joint optimization challenging. To solve this intractable problem, we first determine the receive beamformers in closed forms with respect to the BS transmit beamforming and the user transmit power and then suggest an iterative solution to the remaining problem. We demonstrate via numerical results that the optimized FD communication-based ISAC leads to power efficiency improvement compared to conventional ISAC with HD communication.
Method for determining the radiative efficiency of GaInN quantum wells based on the width of efficiency-versus-carrier-concentration curve (2012)

We report a method to determine the radiative efficiency (RE) of a semiconductor by using room-temperature excitation-dependent photoluminescence measurements. Using the ABC model for describing the recombination of carriers, we show that the theoretical width of the RE-versus-carrier-concentration (n) curve is related to the peak RE. Since the normalized external quantum efficiency, EQEnormalized, is proportional to the RE, and the square root of the light-output power, LOP, is proportional to n, the experimentally determined width of the EQEnormalized-versus-n curve can be used to determine the RE. We demonstrate a peak RE of 91% for a Ga0.85In0.15N quantum well.
Theoretical and experimental investigation of large Microstrip array antenna design (1993)

During the last years several research and development programmes have been carried out by Saab Ericsson Space in the field of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) antennas for space applications. The aim has been to develop and evaluate different design concepts for future SAR applications. The present generation of European spaceborn SARs (ERS-1 and ERS-2) uses a fixed beam antenna with slotted waveguides as radiators and a centralized receiver and transmitter. The next generation SAR systems require dual polarized antennas with steerable beams. Distributed T/R modules will be used, where each module feeds a dual polarized subarray. The paper presents the electrical analysis and design of a large C-band microstrip advanced SAR antenna (ASAR) developed for the European Space Agency. The paper also presents a recently developed method for predicting co- and cross-polar radiation from microstrip array antennas including spurious radiation from the associated microstrip feed line network. >
PEPCase Transcript Levels in Mesembryanthemum crystallinum Decline Rapidly upon Relief from Salt Stress (1988)

Mesembryanthemum crystallinum plants respond to water stress by changing their pathway of carbon assimilation from C(3) to Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM). Stressed plants are characterized by elevated levels of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPCase) mRNA, protein, and enzyme activity. We wanted to determine whether CAM is a reversible response to environmental conditions or a developmentally programmed adaptation that is irreversibly expressed once induced. Plants were osmotically stressed by irrigation with 500 millimolar NaCl for 12 days to elicit CAM. Salt was then thoroughly flushed from the soil and PEPCase protein and transcript levels were monitored. PEPCase mRNA levels dropped by 77% within 2.5 hours after salt removal. PEPCase activity and polypeptide levels declined more slowly, with a half-life of 2 to 3 days. These results show that PEPCase expression in M. crystallinum is a reversible response to stress that is regulated at the level of transcription or stability of the PEPCase mRNA.
Exploring the mechanical and thermal stability of nanocrystalline metal composite and alloy thin films. (2015)

Abstract not provided.
Scale effects in steering law tasks (2001)

Interaction tasks on a computer screen can technically be scaled to a much larger or much smaller sized input control area by adjusting the input device's control gain or the control-display (C-D) ratio. However, human performance as a function of movement scale is not a well concluded topic. This study introduces a new task paradigm to study the scale effect in the framework of the steering law. The results confirmed a U-shaped performance-scale function and rejected straight-line or no-effect hypotheses in the literature. We found a significant scale effect in path steering performance, although its impact was less than that of the steering law's index of difficulty. We analyzed the scale effects in two plausible causes: movement joints shift and motor precision limitation. The theoretical implications of the scale effects to the validity of the steering law, and the practical implications of input device size and zooming functions are discussed in the paper.
Allelic variants of IL1R1gene associate with severe hand osteoarthritis (2010)

This study demonstrates an association between severe hand OA and IL1R1 gene. This gene represents a highly relevant biological candidate since it encodes protein that is a known modulator of inflammatory processes associated with joint destruction and resides within a locus providing consistent evidence for linkage to hand OA. As the observed association did not fully explain the linkage obtained in the previous study, it is plausible that also other variants in this genome region predispose to hand OA.
07081 Executive Summary – End-User Software Engineering (2007)

From 18.01.07 to 23.02.07, the Dagstuhl Seminar 07081, "End-User Software Engineering'', was held in the International Conference and Research Center (IBFI), Schloss Dagstuhl. During the seminar, several participants presented their current research, and ongoing work and open problems were discussed. This document summarizes the event.
Sensorless Force Control for Injection Molding Machine Using Reaction Torque Observer Considering Torsion Phenomenon (2009)

Recently, many plastic products have been produced and used. These plastic products are mostly manufactured using injection molding machines. The quality of plastic products depends on the injection force. Therefore, it is important to develop a fine force-control system. Generally, in force-control systems, the force information from the environment is detected by a force sensor. However, control systems using force sensors present problems related to signal noise, sensor cost, narrow bandwidth, and other factors. To overcome these problems, this paper presents a proposal for a new sensorless force-control method using a reaction torque observer. The injection molding machine, which uses a ball screw, has a resonance frequency that is affected by the torsion phenomenon. This new reaction torque observer considers the torsion phenomenon and friction phenomena.
Small Intestinal Cancers (2012)

Small bowel tumors are extremely rare and account for only 2% of all gastrointestinal malignancies. Approximately one-third of the tumors are benign and two-thirds are malignant at the time of diagnosis. Adenocarcinoma is the most common malignancy accounting for 40% of primary small bowel neoplasms. Other tumors are as follows: neuroendocrine tumors (carcinoid), 20--40%; lymphomas, 14%; and sarcomas, 11--13%. Small bowel tumors are usually asymptomatic in the early stages, but eventually patients develop symptoms due to progression of the disease. The most frequent presenting symptoms are abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and intestinal obstruction. The diagnostic strategies for detecting small tumors include conventional noninvasive imaging modalities (small bowel barium series, enteroclysis, CT scan, and MRI), as well as endoscopic modalities (push enteroscopy, double-balloon enteroscopy, and video-capsule endoscopy). The later newer techniques had improved the diagnostic accuracy of detecting small bowel tumors.
N-Terminus Methylation of Desulfovibrio vulgaris (Miyazaki) F Cytochrome c3 (2006)

Abstract Cytochrome c3 from Desulfovibrio vulgaris (Miyazaki) F is an electron-transfer protein between hydrogenase and ferredoxin and other types of cytochromes. In this study, an N-terminus of the cytochrome c3 has been identified as an N-methylated alanine residue by cleavage with peptidase, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis. Heterologous expression of the cytochrome c3 with Shewanella oneidensis TSP-C is not methylated, this indicate that the N-methylation occur in vivo in D. vulgaris.
Intronic cleavage and polyadenylation regulates gene expression during DNA damage response through U1 snRNA (2016)

The DNA damage response involves coordinated control of gene expression and DNA repair. Using deep sequencing, we found widespread changes of alternative cleavage and polyadenylation site usage on ultraviolet-treatment in mammalian cells. Alternative cleavage and polyadenylation regulation in the 3' untranslated region is substantial, leading to both shortening and lengthening of 3' untranslated regions of genes. Interestingly, a strong activation of intronic alternative cleavage and polyadenylation sites is detected, resulting in widespread expression of truncated transcripts. Intronic alternative cleavage and polyadenylation events are biased to the 5' end of genes and affect gene groups with important functions in DNA damage response and cancer. Moreover, intronic alternative cleavage and polyadenylation site activation during DNA damage response correlates with a decrease in U1 snRNA levels, and is reversible by U1 snRNA overexpression. Importantly, U1 snRNA overexpression mitigates ultraviolet-induced apoptosis. Together, these data reveal a significant gene regulatory scheme in DNA damage response where U1 snRNA impacts gene expression via the U1-alternative cleavage and polyadenylation axis.
The Effects of Electrode Configuration on the Luminance and Luminous Efficacy of Mercury-Free Flat Fluorescent Lamp (2011)

To obtain highly efficient and stable discharges in mercury-free flat fluorescent lamps (MFFLs), the effects of the main electrode configuration on the electro-optical characteristics such as the operating voltage margin, luminance, and luminous efficacy are investigated. The spatiotemporal characteristic of the infrared emission from discharges in different electrode configurations (conventional coplanar, counter, and combination discharges) is also studied with an intensified charge-coupled device camera to see the differences with the electrode configuration variation. The MFFL having the combination electrode configuration with Ne-30% Xe gas mixture and a total pressure of 13.3 kPa showed high luminance from 3102 to 22 067 cd/m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and high luminous efficacy from 49 to 93.5 lm/W for the warm white daylight with a color coordinate of (0.36, 0.36).
Variable noise-covariance Kalman filter based instantaneous state observer for industrial robot (2015)

To enhance the productivity and quality, high speed and high precision industrial robots are required. In the highspeed motion, the dynamic torque of industrial robot prevents the precise operation. To achieve high speed and high precision operation, the dynamic torque calculation is often used to compensate the dynamic torque. Although, it is difficult to calculate the accurate dynamic torque because the accurate dynamic parameters is difficult to obtain. To estimate the dynamic torque without the dynamic torque calculation, this paper uses the disturbance observer (DOB). To achieve the instantaneous dynamic torque estimation of industrial robot, the authors have proposed an instantaneous state observer (ISOB). However, the load torque estimated by the ISOB becomes noisy because the acceleration sensor has the measurement noise. To overcome this problem, this paper proposes a new method for instantaneous load torque estimation using the ISOB and a variable noise-covariance (VNC) Kalman filter. The effectiveness of VNC Kalman filter based ISOB is confirmed by the numerical simulation and experiments using the single joint of industrial robot arm.