gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diabetic Retinopathy in the Asia-Pacific (2017)

Diabetic retinopathy (DR), the most common complication of diabetes mellitus, is the leading cause of new cases of blindness in middle-aged and elderly in the Asia-Pacific. It has been estimated that 51% of all those with blindness due to DR globally (n = 424,400) and 56% of those with visual impairment due to DR (2.1 million) come from the Asia-Pacific. Prevalence of DR among those with diabetes ranged from 10% in India to 43% in Indonesia within the Asia-Pacific. Awareness of DR among persons with diabetes ranged from 28% to 84%. Most common modifiable risk factors for DR in the Asia-Pacific were hyperglycemia, blood pressure, dyslipidemia, and obesity. Implementation of systematic screening programs for DR and advancement in telemedicine screening methods have increased patient coverage and cost-effectiveness, though there are still numerous factors impeding screening uptake in the low-middle income regions of the Asia-Pacific. Management and treatment of DR in the Asia-Pacific is mainly limited to traditional laser retinopexy, but it is suboptimal despite new clinical approaches such as use of intravitreal anti.vascular endothelial growth factor and steroids due to limited resources. Further research and data are required to structure a more cost-effective public healthcare program and more awareness-building initiatives to increase the effectiveness of DR screening programs.
Exceptionally Mild Reactive Stripping of Native Ligands from Nanocrystal Surfaces by Using Meerwein’s Salt (2011)

Blanke Oberflächen: Trialkyloxoniumsalze sind universelle Reagentien für die Ligandenabspaltung von carboxylat-, phosphonat- und aminpassivierten Nanokristallen zur Bildung von blanken oder BF4−/DMF-passivierten Oberflächen. Meerwein-aktivierte dünne PbSe-Nanokristallfilme (siehe Bild) weisen Lochbeweglichkeiten von 2–4 cm2 V−1 s−1 auf, was Anwendungen dieses Prozesses zur Herstellung von Hochleistungskomponenten in Reichweite bringt. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Evolutionary Origins of Recurrent Pancreatic Cancer (2019)

Abstract Surgery is the only curative option for Stage I/II pancreatic cancer, nonetheless most patients will recur after surgery and die of their disease. To identify novel opportunities for management of recurrent pancreatic cancer we performed whole exome or targeted sequencing of 10 resected primary cancers and matched intrapancreatic recurrences or distant metastases. We identified that adjuvant or first-line platinum therapy corresponds to an increased mutational burden of recurrent disease. Recurrent disease is enriched for mutations that activate Mapk/Erk and PI3K/AKT signaling and develops from a monophyletic or polyphyletic origin. Treatment induced genetic bottlenecks lead to a modified genetic landscape and subclonal heterogeneity for driver gene alterations in part due to intermetastatic seeding. In one patient what was believed to be recurrent disease was an independent (second) primary tumor. These findings advocate for combination therapies with immunotherapy and routine post-treatment sampling as a component of management of recurrent pancreatic cancer.
Interactions Between the Renin-Angiotensin System and Dyslipidemia (2003)

Dyslipidemia and hypertension are frequently observed in patients with ischemic heart disease. Studies from a number of laboratories suggest up-regulation of different components of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in patients with hypertension and atherosclerosis. Lipid accumulation in the blood vessels enhances the expression of RAS components; on the other hand, activation of RAS stimulates accumulation of low-density lipoproteins, particularly the oxidatively modified form, in the blood vessels. This concept of cross-talk between dyslipidemia and RAS activation has been proven in laboratory-based studies. Clinical trials also suggest that blockade of dyslipidemia and RAS may have a synergistic salutary effect on the outcome of patients with hypertension and/or manifestations of atherosclerosis. This concept needs to be evaluated in large clinical studies.
Gigahertz frequency comb offset stabilization based on supercontinuum generation in silicon nitride waveguides (2016)

Silicon nitride (Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>) waveguides represent a novel photonic platform that is ideally suited for energy efficient and ultrabroadband nonlinear interactions from the visible to the mid-infrared. Chip-based supercontinuum generation in Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> offers a path towards a fully-integrated and highly compact comb source for sensing and time-and-frequency metrology applications. We demonstrate the first successful frequency comb offset stabilization that utilizes a Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> waveguide for octave-spanning supercontinuum generation and achieve the lowest integrated residual phase noise of any diode-pumped gigahertz laser comb to date. In addition, we perform a direct comparison to a standard silica photonic crystal fiber (PCF) using the same ultrafast solid-state laser oscillator operating at 1 µm. We identify the minimal role of Raman scattering in Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> as a key benefit that allows to overcome the fundamental limitations of silica fibers set by Raman-induced self-frequency shift.
Magnetic phase transition in ɛ-In x Fe2 − x O3 nanowires (2013)

This paper reports on a study of magnetic properties of ordered arrays of ɛ-In x Fe2 − x O3 (x = 0.24) nanowires possessing a high room-temperature coercive force of 6 kOe. Lowering the temperature below 190 K brings about a sharp decrease of the coercive force and magnetization of nanowires driven by the magnetic phase transition from the ferrimagnetic into antiferromagnetic phase. The transition is accompanied by a decrease of the magnetic anisotropy constant, which accounts for the anomalous frequency dependence of the position of the maximum in the temperature dependence of dynamic magnetic susceptibility. In the low-temperature phase, a spin-flop transition in the magnetic field of 28 kOe has been observed at T = 2 K. Lines related to the high-temperature hard-magnetic and low-temperature phases have been identified in electron spin resonance spectra of the nanowires. A line lying near zero magnetic field and evolving from the nonresonant signal related to the microwave magnetoresistance of the sample has also been detected.
Gelcasting low-carbon B4C for cermets (Allison intern SULI paper) (2018)

A boron carbide (B4C) gelcasting suspension involving melamine formaldehyde (MF) resin was developed to obtain green bodies with low carbon after pyrolysis. MF resin allows highly complicated B4C parts to be produced with little to no shrinkage when gelcast into molds. A MF binder content of ~7.5 wt % consistently produced green bodies with sufficient strength to withstand demolding and handling. Variations in B4C particle size, curing temperature, and pH were investigated in order to optimize the suspension for casting. Resin pyrolysis trials showed that 90.0 ± 0.9 wt % of resin mass was lost during pyrolysis, corresponding to < 1 wt % of binder residual in the overall green bodies. The minimal carbon content in the green bodies is favorable for the infiltration of aluminum into open pore spaces. Due to the high hardness of B4C and the ductility of aluminum, the ceramic-metal (cermet) composite formed is ideal for applications such as light-weight armors.
Practical experience and results with an advanced on-line gasoline blend optimization system (1989)

Refinery profit margins increased significantly by using the on-line gasoline blend optimization system which allows considerable savings resulting from octane give-away reduction, appreciably enhanced butane utilization, optimum use of the available blend components, and increased operating flexibility by elimination of reblends. The experience with this advanced on-line blending system is described in this paper.
High-Performance Seismic Modeling with Finite-Difference Using Spatial and Temporal Cache Blocking (2017)

Summary The time-domain finite-difference method (TD-FDM) has been used in geophysics for decades for modeling and imaging. It is used intensively for applications that require accurate solutions for the wave equation such as reverse time migration (RTM) or full waveform inversion (FWI). In this study, we investigate how spatial and temporal cache blocking techniques can speed up computation in TD-FDM on multi-core architectures. We conducted our analysis on the Shaheen II supercomputer at the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) and present the current and achievable performances by using a Cache Aware Roofline Model (CARM). We briefly discuss the implementations and the benefits of spatial and temporal cache blocking techniques individually, and we provide preliminary results, which pave the way for achieving the TD-FDM’s maximum efficiency.
Evaluation of a Bacillus-Based Direct-Fed Microbial on Aflatoxin B1 Toxic Effects, Performance, Immunologic Status, and Serum Biochemical Parameters in Broiler Chickens (2019)

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a commercial <i>Bacillus</i> direct-fed microbial (DFM) on aflatoxin B1 toxic effects, performance, and biochemical and immunologic parameters in broiler chickens. Ninety 1-day-old Cobb 500 male broiler chicks were raised in floor pens for a period of 21 days. Chicks were neck-tagged, individually weighed, and randomly allocated to one of three groups: Negative control (basal feed), aflatoxin B1 (basal feed + 2 ppm AFB1), and DFM (basal feed + 2 ppm AFB1 + <i>Bacillus</i> direct-fed microbial). Each group had three replicates of 10 chickens (<i>n</i> = 30/group). Body weight and body weight gain were calculated weekly, while feed intake and feed conversion ratio were determined when broilers were 21 days old. On day 21, all chickens were bled, gastrointestinal samples were collected, and spleen and bursa of Fabricius were weighed. This study confirmed that 2 ppm of AFB1 causes severe detrimental effects on performance, biochemical parameters, and immunologic parameters, generating hepatic lesions in broiler chickens (<i>P</i> < 0.05). However, it was also observed that DFM supplementation provided beneficial effects that might help to improve gut barrier function, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, as well as humoral and cellular immunomodulation. The results of the present study suggest that this <i>Bacillus</i>-DFM added at a concentration of 10<sup>6</sup> spores/gram of feed can be used to counteract the negative effects that occur when birds consume diets contaminated with AFB1, showing beneficial effects on performance parameters, relative organ weights, hepatic lesions, immune response, and serum biochemical variables. The addition of this <i>Bacillus</i>-DFM might mitigate and decrease aflatoxicosis problems in the poultry industry, improving food security, alleviating public health problems, and providing economic benefits. Future studies are needed to fully elucidate the specific mechanisms by which this <i>Bacillus</i>-DFM counteracts the toxic effects of aflatoxin B1.
Identification of Throuba Thassos, a Traditional Greek Table Olive Variety, as a Nutritional Rich Source of Oleuropein (2009)

The content of polyphenols in table olives is highly influenced by the olive variety and the debittering process applied on the fruits. Nine commercial types of Greek table olives were examined for their content in oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol. A very simple extraction procedure and a chromatographic methodology were applied for the simultaneous quantitation of oleuropein (OE) and hydroxytyrosol (HT) in drupes, using boiling water extraction followed by direct HPLC analysis. Hydroxytyrosol was found in all the types of olives that were studied. Kalamata olives and Green "tsakistes" of the variety Megaritiki contained the highest quantity of hydroxytyrosol (1.8-2.0 mg/fruit) followed by Greek-style "chondrolies" with quantity 1.0 mg/fruit. Oleuropein was found in small quantities in two cases, but in the case of Throuba Thassos which is processed by dry salt in a traditional Greek way, oleuropein was found in important quantities (1.2 mg/fruit) recorded over a 4-year period. This is the most important finding of this study showing that this particular table olive type is a nutritional rich source of oleuropein. Additionally, assuming a usual consumption of 20 olive fruits per day, an approximate quantity of 25 mg of oleuropein per day can be considered as safe for human use, since it can be found in the usual diet.
Quantum beat between two excitonic levels split by spin–orbit interactions in the oxychalcogenide LaCuOS (2004)

Degenerate four-wave mixing signals excited by femtosecond laser pulses were measured in LaCuOCh (Ch=S and Se) at 4 K. The signals for LaCuOS exhibit a beat structure with a period of 480 fs just at the exciton peak energy, indicating that the lowest exciton states are split by 9 meV, but no beat structure was observed in LaCuOSe, regardless of the laser’s energy. The spin–orbit interaction of the Ch ion accompanied by the hybridization of Cu 3d orbitals causes splitting of the exciton levels. Furthermore, the contribution of Ch p orbitals in the valence band maximum is larger in LaCuOSe owing to increased covalency in the Cu—Ch bond when S is replaced with Se.
Pancreatic β‐cell α2A adrenoceptor and phospholipid changes in hyperlipidemic ratsadrenoceptor and phospholipid changes in hyperlipidemic rats (2002)

We previously showed that a 48-h intravenous lipid infusion in rats induces pancreatic beta-cell hypersensitivity to catecholamines. Our aim was to study the lipid-related changes that may account for such hypersensitivity in pancreatic islets. We show here that a 48-h increase in plasma FFA alters the binding characteristics of beta-cell alpha2 adrenoceptors in rats. Lipid infusion decreases pancreatic norepinephrine (NE) turnover rate by 28%, reflecting a reduction of pancreatic NE stores. Following lipid infusion, the density of alpha2 adrenoceptor binding sites is significantly lower and receptor affinity higher, both in islet homogenates (by three- and fivefold, respectively) and isolated whole beta-cells (by two- and sixfold, respectively). These changes correlate with the elevated insulin response to glucose found in lipid-infused rats. We also found a modification of islet phospholipid content, particularly in phosphoethanolamine species containing infused FA such as palmitate, oleate, stearate, and linoleate. This may account for the modifications in receptor affinity. These results suggest that hyperlipidemia-associated pathologies such as diabetes and obesity not only may result from alterations of metabolic pathways but also may be a consequence of early modifications in nervous firing rates and signal transduction pathways.
Investigating Amine Oxidase Domain Containing Genes - amx-1 and amx-2 - in Caenorhabditis elegans (2014)

Monoamine (MA) neurotransmitters affect multiple behaviors in animals.MA homeostasis is achieved partly by monoamine-oxidase (MAO) enzymes -a drug target for many human neuropsychiatric disorders.In C. elegans the MA pathway is similar to that in humans and the worm shows MA dependent behaviors, affected by MAO inhibitor (MAOI) treatments.We cloned, expressed and purified the C. elegans genes -amx-1 and amx-2 in heterologous systems.Absorption spectra indicated that AMX1 and AMX2 bind the redox cofactor flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD).Biochemical assays with wild-type (N2) or mutant worm lysates showed significant differences in MAO and histone demethylase (HDM) activities between them.Purified AMX1 and AMX2 had very low in vitro HDM activity independently, but both significantly increased the HDM activity of worm lysates.AMX1 had negligible in vitro MAO activity, whereas AMX2 had high in vitro MAO activity, with substrate and inhibitor specificities.
Advances in laboratory detection of acute kidney injury (2022)

Recent advances have improved our understanding of the epidemiology and pathophysiology of acute kidney injury (AKI). So far, the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcome guidelines define and stratify kidney injury based on increases in serum creatinine level and/or decreases in urine output. Although the term AKI acknowledges the existence of cellular injury, its diagnosis is still only defined by the reduced excretory function of the kidney. New biomarkers that aid a better understanding of the relationship between acute tubular injury and kidney dysfunction have been identified, reflecting the advances in molecular biology. The expression of some of these novel biomarkers precedes changes in conventional biomarkers or can increase their predictive power. Therefore, they might enhance the clinical accuracy of the definition of AKI. This review summarizes the limitations of the current AKI classification and a panel of candidate biomarkers for augmenting AKI classification and recognition of AKI subphenotypes. We expect that the integration of appropriately selected biomarkers in routine clinical practice can improve AKI care.
Little Ben: The Ben Franklin Racing Team's entry in the 2007 DARPA Urban Challenge (2008)

Abstract This paper describes “Little Ben,” an autonomous ground vehicle constructed by the Ben Franklin Racing Team for the 2007 DARPA Urban Challenge in under a year and for less than $250,000. The sensing, planning, navigation, and actuation systems for Little Ben were carefully designed to meet the performance demands required of an autonomous vehicle traveling in an uncertain urban environment. We incorporated an array of a global positioning system (GPS)/inertial navigation system, LIDARs, and stereo cameras to provide timely information about the surrounding environment at the appropriate ranges. This sensor information was integrated into a dynamic map that could robustly handle GPS dropouts and errors. Our planning algorithms consisted of a high‐level mission planner that used information from the provided route network definition and mission data files to select routes, whereas the lower level planner used the latest dynamic map information to optimize a feasible trajectory to the next waypoint. The vehicle was actuated by a cost‐based controller that efficiently handled steering, throttle, and braking maneuvers in both forward and reverse directions. Our software modules were integrated within a hierarchical architecture that allowed rapid development and testing of the system performance. The resulting vehicle was one of six to successfully finish the Urban Challenge. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Long-Term Change of Mind (1998)

Loss of a limb can cause profound changes in the life of the victim. No less important is a massive reorganization of the brain that accompanies such injuries. Now
 twopapers
 report the details of such neural changes in two groups of monkeys with somewhat different deficits, and Merzenich reconciles the different results in his Perspective.
THE DOPAMINE D3 RECEPTOR AS A KEY TARGET FOR ANTIPSYCHOTICS (1992)

SOKOLOFF, P.; LEVESQUE, D.; MARTRES, M-P.; LANNFELT, L.; DIAZ, G.; PILON, C.; SCHWARTZ, J-C. Author Information
Magnetic plasmon induced transparency in three‐dimensional metamolecules (2012)

Abstract In a laser‐driven atomic quantum system, a continuous state couples to a discrete state resulting in quantum interference that provides a transmission peak within a broad absorption profile the so‐called electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). In the field of plasmonic metamaterials, the sub‐wavelength metallic structures play a role similar to atoms in nature. The interference of their near‐field coupling at plasmonic resonance leads to a plasmon induced transparency (PIT) that is analogous to the EIT of atomic systems. A sensitive control of the PIT is crucial to a range of potential applications such as slowing light and biosensor. So far, the PIT phenomena often arise from the electric resonance, such as an electric dipole state coupled to an electric quadrupole state. Here we report the first three‐dimensional photonic metamaterial consisting of an array of erected U‐shape plasmonic gold nanostructures that exhibits PIT phenomenon with magnetic dipolar interaction between magnetic metamolecules. We further demonstrate using a numerical simulation that the coupling between the different excited pathways at an intermediate resonant wavelength allows for a π phase shift resulting in a destructive interference. A classical RLC circuit was also proposed to explain the coupling effects between the bright and dark modes of EIT‐like electromagnetic spectra. This work paves a promising approach to achieve magnetic plasmon devices.
The Effect of Methylphenidate on Prefrontal Cognitive Functioning, Inattention, and Hyperactivity in Velocardiofacial Syndrome (2011)

The use of MPH in children with VCFS appears to be effective and relatively safe. A comprehensive cardiovascular evaluation for children with VCFS before and during stimulant treatment is recommended.
Expression of Alt a 1 allergen from Alternaria alternata in the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica (2012)

Allergies affect almost 25% of the population in industrialized countries. Alternaria alternata is known to be a significant source of aeroallergens and sensitization to this mold is a risk factor for the development of wheezing, asthma, and atopic dermatitis. Diagnosis and treatment of allergies requires the production of large amounts of pure and well defined protein. Yarrowia lipolytica, a non-pathogenic ascomycete able to secrete high levels of enzymes that can grow in inexpensive substrates, has been considered a useful host for heterologous gene expression. In the present work, we have developed two vectors for expressing Alt a 1, the most relevant A. alternata allergen, in Y. lipolytica. One vector is autosomal and one is integrative. With both systems, rAlt a 1 was secreted into the culture medium. The immunological characteristics of the purified recombinant allergen were determined by IgE-blot using sera from 42 A. alternata-allergic patients. We have carried out ELISA-inhibition experiments using sera from four patients to compare the IgE-binding capacity of natural and recombinant allergens. Our results show that Y. lipolytica is able to produce a recombinant Alt a 1 which is immunochemically equivalent to the natural counterpart and could be used for immunotherapy and diagnostics.
State Modifications of Thymocyte Plasma Membrane Proteins and Lipids by Mitogenic Doses of Concanavalin A: A Raman Study on Isolated Membrane Vesicles (1980)

Sealed plasma membrane vesicles from rabbit thymocytes were reacted with 0.4-10 micrograms concanavalin A/ml, that is at concentrations that produce cooperative lectin-binding in vivo and in vitro and induce mitogenesis of intact cells. The effects of concanavalin A were monitored by laser Raman spectroscopy of the vesicles in the CH-stretching region. This technique revealed moderately cooperative lipid state transitions in untreated membranes centered at about -6 degrees and 25 degrees, as well as a protein state change at about 43 degrees C. Concanavalin A treatment of the membranes lowered the transition temperatures of the integral of 25 degrees an integral of 43 degrees state changes indicating a direct effect of lectin binding on membrane protein/lipid organization. It is proposed that the primary protein involved is the 55,000D transmembrane protein (Schmidt-Ullrich, R., Mikkelsen, R. B. and Wallach, D. F. H. (1978), J. Biol. Chem. 253, 6973-6978), known to be the high-affinity receptor for concanavalin A, and that the concanavalin A-sensitive integral of 25 degrees transition arises from lipids associated with this protein.