gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Three-Dimensional Finite-Element Mode-Solver for Nonlinear Periodic Optical Waveguides and Its Application to Photonic Crystal Waveguides (2014)

A 3-D finite-element mode-solver, based on a self-consistent algorithm, is newly developed for nonlinear periodic optical waveguides. The developed method makes it possible to calculate various nonlinear characteristics based on optical Kerr effect rigorously, including the nonlinear phase shift, the nonlinear refractive index distribution, and γ-value. Its validity is confirmed by analyzing a silicon-nanowire waveguide and a slot waveguide. To show the usefulness of the method, the nonlinear characteristics of photonic crystal line-defect waveguides and 1-D photonic crystal coupled resonator optical waveguides are investigated. Numerical results show that in some cases, γ-value calculated by the newly developed method and approximate linear analysis differs two-orders of magnitude. For instance, γ-value calculated by developed method is 510 000 m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> W <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> for a 1-D photonic crystal coupled resonator optical waveguide, whereas γ-value calculated by conventional method is only 5000 m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> W <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> . This difference indicates that, to estimate the nonlinear characteristics of 3-D waveguides precisely, the developed nonlinear guided mode solver is required.
High-Temperature Interactions of Metal Oxides and a PVDF Binder (2022)

Interactions between energetic material relevant nanoscale metal oxides (SiO<sub>2</sub>, TiO<sub>2</sub>, MgO, Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, CuO, Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) and poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) at high temperature were investigated by temperature-jump/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (T-jump/TOFMS) and thermogravimetric-differential scanning calorimetry (TGA-DSC). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to characterize the morphology of the compositions, while X-ray diffraction (XRD) was utilized to analyze the condensed phase crystalline species at temperatures of interest. The exergonicity and exothermicity of HF gas with hydroxyl-terminated metal oxide surfaces make HF the likely fluorine-bearing moiety and primary mode of the fluorinating reactions, where terminal OH<sup>-</sup> configurations are replaced by F<sup>-</sup> in the formation of a stronger metal-fluorine bond. However, not all compositions produce corresponding stable metal fluoride. The results show that while some of the investigated metal oxide-PVDF compositions enhance PVDF decomposition and release HF in larger quantities than PVDF, others release HF in smaller quantities than PVDF and even retard PVDF decomposition. The former compositions demonstrate exothermic, multistep mass loss modes prior to neat PVDF mass loss, and the relative intensity of HF gas increases as the temperature of the release point decreases, implying a correlation between HF release and the progression of exothermic behavior. An interplay dynamic where surface interactions both lower the onset of HF release and engage exothermically with HF gas subsequently is proposed.
Development and calibration of a novel social relationship item bank to measure health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in Singapore (2019)

The 30-item SR item bank has shown acceptable psychometric properties. Future studies to evaluate the validity of SR scores when items are administered adaptively are needed.
Resin Transfer Moldable Phenylethynyl Containing Imide Oligomers (2002)

As part of an effort to develop high performance/high temperature materials for composite fabrication via resin transfer molding (RTM) and resin infusion (RI), phenylethynyl-containing imide oligomers (PEIs) have been investigated. Uncured resins with low and stable melt viscosities and when cured, high glass transition temperatures ( T g S) and acceptable mechanical properties, are needed for RTM and RI processes. High performance/high temperature composites from these materials are potentially useful in advanced aerospace vehicles such as reuseable launch vehicles (RLVs). Several PEIs were prepared and evaluated for melt flow behavior and mechanical properties after thermalcuring. Candidate materials exhibited the combination of properties required for RTM with melt viscosities of0.4–1.0 Pa s at 280°C and melt stability for &gt; 2 h at 280°C. Flat, void-free composites fabricated by RTM gave cured T g s as high as 350°C, high mechanical properties, and excellent stability at 288°C. The chemical, physical, and mechanical properties of these resins and their composites are discussed.
SCHMITT, R.: Iranische Anthroponyme in den erhaltenen Resten von Ktesias’ Werk. (2009)

Schmitt, Rüdiger: Iranische Anthroponyme in den erhaltenen Resten von Ktesias’ Werk. (Iranica Graeca Vetustiora. III). Wien, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2006, gr.-8°, 315 S. (ÖAW, Phil.-hist. Kl., Sitzungsberichte, 736; Veröffentlichungen zur Iranistik, 33.) Brosch. 49 €.
Direct measurement of the action of acetylcholine on isolated outer hair cells of the guinea pig cochlea (1991)

Acetylcholine has long been thought to be the neurotransmitter of the cochlear efferent system in mammals although the evidence is largely indirect. By using whole-cell recordings from isolated outer hair cells, we show that acetylcholine activates a large rapidly desensitizing outward potassium current. This corresponds to hyperpolarization of the membrane potential from rest. The half maximal dose for acetylcholine was 13.5 microM with a cooperativity of 2. The response was not due to a conventional muscarinic action of acetylcholine for it was not blocked by 0.1 microM atropine and muscarinic antagonists but it could be blocked by 0.1 microM curare, suggesting that it shared many properties of a nicotinic receptor. It was, however, inhibited by 10 microM strychnine. The potassium current activated by acetylcholine required external calcium and was characterized by a significant delay at room temperature. This points to the involvement of a second messenger system, possibly calcium itself.
ENDF/B-VIII.0: The 8 th Major Release of the Nuclear Reaction Data Library with CIELO-project Cross Sections, New Standards and Thermal Scattering Data (2018)

We describe the new ENDF/B-VIII.0 evaluated nuclear reaction data library. ENDF/B-VIII.0 fully incorporates the new IAEA standards, includes improved thermal neutron scattering data and uses new evaluated data from the CIELO project for neutron reactions on 1H, 16O, 56Fe, 235U, 238U and 239Pu described in companion papers in the present issue of Nuclear Data Sheets. The evaluations benefit from recent experimental data obtained in the U.S. and Europe, and improvements in theory and simulation. Notable advances include updated evaluated data for light nuclei, structural materials, actinides, fission energy release, prompt fission neutron and γ-ray spectra, thermal neutron scattering data, and charged-particle reactions. Integral validation testing is shown for a wide range of criticality, reaction rate, and neutron transmission benchmarks. In general, integral validation performance of the library is improved relative to the previous ENDF/B-VII.1 library.
Single-valley quantum Hall ferromagnet in a dilute MgxZn1−xO/ZnO strongly correlated two-dimensional electron system (2012)

We investigate the spin susceptibility (${g}^{*}$${m}^{*}$) of dilute two-dimensional (2D) electrons confined at the Mg${}_{x}$Zn${}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}$O/ZnO heterointerface. Magnetotransport measurements show a four-fold enhancement of ${g}^{*}$${m}^{*}$, dominated by the increase in the Land\'e $g$-factor. The $g$-factor enhancement leads to a ferromagnetic instability of the electron gas as evidenced by sharp resistance spikes. At high magnetic field, the large ${g}^{*}$${m}^{*}$ leads to full spin polarization, where we found sudden increase in resistance around the filling factors of half-integer, accompanied by complete disappearance of fractional quantum Hall (QH) states. Along with its large effective mass and the high electron mobility, our result indicates that the ZnO 2D system is ideal for investigating the effect of electron correlations in the QH regime.
A novel capillary electrophoresis-based multiplex PCR assay for detection of respiratory pathogens. (2011)

The field of infectious disease testing has recently experienced rapid expansion in the number of multiplexed PCR-based assays available for detecting respiratory pathogens. This study provides a preliminary evaluation of a multiplex assay from Seegene that uses capillary electrophoresis as the detection platform for viral and bacterial respiratory pathogens. We compared this technology to a real-time PCR assay for 3 viral targets. Thirty respiratory samples were collected that had previously tested positive for either Flu A, Flu B, or RSV (ten of each). The Seegene assay detected 9/10 Flu A samples, 9/10 Flu B, and 10/10 RSV, for a total detection rate of 93%. The two samples that were undetected by the Seegene assay both generated late-crossing thresholds on the real-time platform, consistent with low viral loads. The Seeplex assay provides a promising alternative for multiplex respiratory testing.
Channel cross-coupling in a polymer-based single-mode bus array (1995)

In this paper, a crosstalk model is developed to study the packing density and interconnect distance limitations of an optical interconnect system employing polymer-based single-mode bus arrays. The upper limit of channel packing density (1250 channels/cm at interconnect distance of 5 cm) is determined for the first time using the crosstalk model, in which channel cross-coupling among an infinite number of waveguides is considered. Computer simulations are provided together with the proven experimental results. It is shown that there is a threshold of channel separation due to channel cross-coupling, which results in a tradeoff between channel packing density and interconnect distance. Waveguide dimension closer to the cutoff boundary of second mode (E/sub 12//sup x/) is preferred for an optimum design.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Flow cytometric measurement of NK cell immunoconjugates by pulse width processing (1995)

Pulse width analysis, in flow cytometry, has been widely used for optimal cell size resolution in cell kinetics analysis. Pulses, generated by scattered light or fluorescence of cells, are electronically analyzed for their height and width. The information generated from these two properties of the pulses is utilized to distinguish signals from single cells vs. signals from cell clumps or aggregates. Pulse width, unlike pulse height, is more sensitive to differences in cell diameter, and therefore can discriminate very small differences in it, which pulse height cannot. We have exploited this property of pulse widths to measure immunoconjugates between NK cells and their targets. Discrimination of the free target cells from the conjugated ones is possible by the pulse widths of only light scatter signals, both forward and/or orthogonal. This resolution was not obtained if pulse height of the same signals was visualized. Using this resolution it was possible to distinguish single cells from the aggregates between target and effector cells. We propose that this is a better method for distinguishing conjugates than the method in which prior vital staining of cells is used.
Synthesis and fungicidal activity of N‐2‐(3‐methoxy‐4‐propargyloxy) phenethyl amides. Part 3: stretched and heterocyclic mandelamide oomyceticides (2006)

Novel analogues of mandipropamid have been designed and prepared. The synthetic approach to these stretched and heterocyclic mandelamides is outlined. Biological data demonstrate their high efficacy against important plant diseases like tomato and potato late blight (Phytophthora infestans De Bary) and grape downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola Berliner & de Toni). Structure-activity relationship studies are discussed.
Spatial DCT-based least square estimation in multi-antenna multi-cell interference channels (2014)

Interference management techniques in multicell multiple input multiple output (MIMO) networks require accurate channel state information (CSI). A popular technique for acquiring this CSI in time division duplex (TDD) systems is uplink training by exploiting the reciprocity of the wireless medium. Recently, the pilot contamination problem has been identified as one of the limiting factors for such kind of CSI acquisition. In an effort to tackle the problem of contamination, we utilize the compression capability of discrete cosine transform (DCT) and covariance matrices to spatially separate the estimate for the scenario of correlated single input multiple input (SIMO) channels. A least square estimation framework is proposed by utilizing the DCT to separate the overlapping spatial paths that create the interference. The spatial domain is thus exploited to mitigate the contamination which is able to discriminate across the interfering users. We validate our algorithms by simulation and compare them to the state of the art techniques.
The Use of Carbohydrate Binding Modules (CBMs) to Monitor Changes in Fragmentation and Cellulose Fiber Surface Morphology during Cellulase- and Swollenin-induced Deconstruction of Lignocellulosic Substrates (2014)

Although the actions of many of the hydrolytic enzymes involved in cellulose hydrolysis are relatively well understood, the contributions that amorphogenesis-inducing proteins might contribute to cellulose deconstruction are still relatively undefined. Earlier work has shown that disruptive proteins, such as the non-hydrolytic non-oxidative protein Swollenin, can open up and disaggregate the less-ordered regions of lignocellulosic substrates. Within the cellulosic fraction, relatively disordered, amorphous regions known as dislocations are known to occur along the length of the fibers. It was postulated that Swollenin might act synergistically with hydrolytic enzymes to initiate biomass deconstruction within these dislocation regions. Carbohydrate binding modules (CBMs) that preferentially bind to cellulosic substructures were fluorescently labeled. They were imaged, using confocal microscopy, to assess the distribution of crystalline and amorphous cellulose at the fiber surface, as well as to track changes in surface morphology over the course of enzymatic hydrolysis and fiber fragmentation. Swollenin was shown to promote targeted disruption of the cellulosic structure at fiber dislocations.
Dynamics of cis isomers in highly sensitive amino-azobenzene monolayers: The effect of slow relaxation on photo-induced anisotropy (2011)

The initial development of photoinduced anisotropy in highly photosensitive monolayers of an aminoazobenzene molecule (dMR, a derivative of o-methyl red) that are initially randomized using circularly polarized light is found to be significantly slower than in monolayers randomized by thermal relaxation. We propose that this is a direct consequence of the slow thermal relaxation of isomers from the cis to the trans state and suggest that such considerations are important in designing even more sensitive photoactive monolayers and in understanding their photodynamics.
Optimum design of circular CMUT membranes for high quality factor in air (2008)

This paper presents optimum design of circular membrane for high quality factor. A quality factor of CMUT, we designed for resonant chemical sensor, is dominated by Q <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">air</inf> and Q <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">support</inf> . We investigated these two factors independently. We calculate Q <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">air</inf> of circular silicon membrane analytically, and numerically. Calculated Q <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">air</inf> is compared to measured value. In order to find Q <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">support</inf> empirically, we measured quality factor of CMUT in vacuum chamber. Q <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">air</inf> is proportional to (radius/thickness) <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−2</sup> and Q <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">support</inf> is proportional to (radius/thickness) <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> . Thus the optimum aspect ratio of membrane exists for maximum quality factor.
Dynamics of the displacement of CO from Cu(111) by H atoms incident from the gas phase (1996)

We find that CO is displaced from a ∼90 K Cu(111) surface by an incident H atom beam with a cross section of ∼10−16 cm2/H atom. As for a previous study of the ejection of O2 from Pt(111), our results indicate that part of the heat of adsorption of the incident species is carried away by the ejected molecule in a ‘‘dynamic displacement’’ process. We have determined the internal-state distribution of the ejected CO using quantum-state-specific laser ionization detection. We have also determined its angular and velocity distribution using a rotatable quadrupole mass spectrometer. The rotational distribution of molecules displaced in the v=0 and v=1 vibrational states are close to Boltzmann distributions at 390 K and 940 K, respectively. While the v=1 population is approximately proportional to the CO coverage, that for v=0 has a more complex coverage dependence, approximately following the presence of the CO α state, which gives a distinct temperature-programmed desorption peak for coverages above 1/3 ML. The equivalent vibration temperature ranges from 1500 K at low coverage to 800 K for a saturated surface. The velocity distribution of the ejected molecules is close to a Boltzmann distribution at 1300 K, corresponding to a translational energy of ∼0.22 eV. The angular distribution is symmetric about the normal and is close to a cos5 θf at small angles, desorption angles, θf, approximately following a cosine distribution for θf≳40°. We discuss the results in terms of the dynamic displacement model, where desorption of CO(v=0) is driven by a sudden switch from the chemisorption to physisorption wells. In the case of CO(v=1), we suggest that desorption may follow the formation of a temporary HCO intermediate.
Effect of low frequency low energy pulsing electromagnetic field (PEMF) on X-ray-irradiated mice. (1989)

C3H/Km flora-defined mice were used to investigate the effect of exposure to pulsing electromagnetic field (PEMF) after total body x-ray irradiation. Prolonged exposure to PEMF had no effect on normal nonirradiated mice. When mice irradiated with different doses of x-ray (8.5 Gy, 6.8 Gy, and 6.3 Gy) were exposed to PEMF 24 h a day, we observed a more rapid decline in white blood cells (WBC) in the peripheral blood of mice exposed to PEMF at all the x-ray dosages used. No effect of exposure to PEMF was observed on the survival of the mice irradiated with 6.3 Gy and 8.5 Gy; in mice irradiated with 6.8 Gy, 2 out of 12 survived when exposed to PEMF as compared to 10 out of 12 control mice that were irradiated only. At day 4 after irradiation autoradiographic studies performed on bone marrow and spleen of 8.5-Gy-irradiated mice showed no difference between controls and mice exposed to PEMF, whereas on 6.8-Gy mice the bone marrow labeling index was lower in mice exposed to PEMF. In mice irradiated to 6.3 Gy we observed that the recovery of WBC in the peripheral blood was slowed in mice exposed to PEMF and their body weight was significantly lower than in control mice that were irradiated only. The spleen and bone marrow of the mice irradiated to 6.3 Gy and sacrificed at days 4, 14, 20, and 25 after irradiation were analyzed by autoradiography to evaluate the labeling index. Half of the spleens from mice sacrificed at day 25 after irradiation were used to evaluate the RNA content. Autoradiography showed that in the spleen and bone marrow of control mice, there were more cells labeled with [3H]thymidine at days 4 and 14 and less at days 20 and 25 after irradiation in comparison with mice irradiated and exposed to PEMF. The Northern blot analysis of histone H3 and p53 protein RNAs extracted from the spleens at day 25 after irradiation showed a slight increase in cycling cells among spleens of mice exposed to PEMF. We suggest that the exposure to PEMF immediately after x-ray irradiation results in increased damage.
Feedback Stabilization of a Negative-Capacitance Ferroelectric and its Application to Improve the f T of a MOSFET (2021)

We propose a parallel negative-capacitance field-effect transistor (P-NCFET) structure, in which a ferroelectric operating in its negative-capacitance region is placed in parallel with the gate and source terminals of a MOSFET. The P-NCFET is stabilized by combining careful matching of the ferroelectric with the gate capacitance along with simple feedback realized using current mirrors. The novel stabilization approach opens the possibility for a variety of new applications that exploit the negative capacitance of ferroelectrics to cancel capacitance in integrated circuits. As an example, we show the P-NCFET structure has a significantly higher unity-current-gain frequency <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${f}_{T}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> compared to a conventional MOSFET.
Physiology, Biochemistry, and Applications of F420- and Fo-Dependent Redox Reactions (2016)

5-Deazaflavin cofactors enhance the metabolic flexibility of microorganisms by catalyzing a wide range of challenging enzymatic redox reactions. While structurally similar to riboflavin, 5-deazaflavins have distinctive and biologically useful electrochemical and photochemical properties as a result of the substitution of N-5 of the isoalloxazine ring for a carbon. 8-Hydroxy-5-deazaflavin (Fo) appears to be used for a single function: as a light-harvesting chromophore for DNA photolyases across the three domains of life. In contrast, its oligoglutamyl derivative F420 is a taxonomically restricted but functionally versatile cofactor that facilitates many low-potential two-electron redox reactions. It serves as an essential catabolic cofactor in methanogenic, sulfate-reducing, and likely methanotrophic archaea. It also transforms a wide range of exogenous substrates and endogenous metabolites in aerobic actinobacteria, for example mycobacteria and streptomycetes. In this review, we discuss the physiological roles of F420 in microorganisms and the biochemistry of the various oxidoreductases that mediate these roles. Particular focus is placed on the central roles of F420 in methanogenic archaea in processes such as substrate oxidation, C1 pathways, respiration, and oxygen detoxification. We also describe how two F420-dependent oxidoreductase superfamilies mediate many environmentally and medically important reactions in bacteria, including biosynthesis of tetracycline and pyrrolobenzodiazepine antibiotics by streptomycetes, activation of the prodrugs pretomanid and delamanid by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and degradation of environmental contaminants such as picrate, aflatoxin, and malachite green. The biosynthesis pathways of Fo and F420 are also detailed. We conclude by considering opportunities to exploit deazaflavin-dependent processes in tuberculosis treatment, methane mitigation, bioremediation, and industrial biocatalysis.