gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Carbon Nanotube Purification and Functionalization (2003)

Carbon nanotubes have the potential to significantly enhance the mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of polymers. However, dispersion of carbon nanotubes in a polymer matrix is hindered by the electrostatic forces that cause them to agglomerate. Chemical modification of the nanotubes is necessary to minimize these electrostatic forces and promote adhesion between the nanotubes and the polymer matrix. In a collaborative research program between Clark Atlanta University, Rice University, and NASA Glenn Research Center several approaches are being explored to chemically modify carbon nanotubes. The results of this research will be presented.
AsMA Medical Guidelines for Air Travel: Stresses of Flight (2015)

Medical Guidelines for Airline Travel provide information that enables healthcare providers to properly advise patients who plan to travel by air. Modern commercial aircraft are very safe and, in most cases, reasonably comfortable. However, all flights, short or long haul, impose stresses on passengers. Preflight stresses include airport commotion on the ground such as carrying baggage, walking long distances, getting to the gate on time, and being delayed. In-flight stresses include acceleration, vibration (including turbulence), noise, lowered barometric pressure, variations of temperature and humidity, and fatigue among others. Healthy passengers normally tolerate these stresses quite well; however, there is the potential for passengers to become ill during or after the flight due to these stresses, especially for those with pre-existing medical conditions and reduced physiological reserves.
Assessment of Major Mental Disorders in a German Peripartum Cardiomyopathy Cohort (2020)

The majority of PPCM patients in the present cohort displayed mental disorders with a higher prevalence of major depressive disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTBS), and panic disorder, compared with postpartum women without a PPCM diagnosis. This higher prevalence was associated with an impaired tryptophan metabolism and elevated levels of the depression-associated miR-30e, suggesting a potential predisposition for mental disorders at the time of PPCM diagnosis. Consequently, physicians should be aware of the increased risk for mental disorders in PPCM patients, and psychiatric assessment should be included in the diagnosis and management of PPCM patients.
Analytical investigation of non-collisional electron heating (1997)

Summary form only given. Non-collisional heating is an important phenomenon in low pressure inductively coupled plasmas. In this paper, a self-consistent analytical model for non-collisional heating is developed. The model is used to investigate the physical mechanism of non-collisional heating, and quantify the effect of plasma density, electron temperature and excitation frequency. It is also demonstrated that this model can adequately take account of non-collisional heating effects in plasma simulations.
Engineering a Synthetic Escherichia coli Coculture for Compartmentalized de novo Biosynthesis of Isobutyl Butyrate from Mixed Sugars (2023)

ABSTRACT Short-chain esters are versatile chemicals with use as flavors, fragrances, solvents, and fuels. The de novo ester biosynthesis consists of diverging and converging pathway submodules, which is challenging to engineer to achieve optimal metabolic fluxes and selective product synthesis. Compartmentalizing the pathway submodules into specialist cells that facilitate pathway modularization and labor division can present a promising solution. Here, we engineered a synthetic Escherichia coli coculture with the compartmentalized sugar utilization and ester biosynthesis pathways to produce isobutyl butyrate from a mixture of glucose and xylose. To compartmentalize the sugar-utilizing pathway submodules, we engineered a xylose-utilizing E. coli specialist that selectively consumes xylose over glucose and bypasses the carbon catabolite repression (CCR) while leveraging the native CCR machinery to activate a glucose-utilizing E. coli specialist. Upon compartmentalizing the isobutyl butyrate pathway submodules into these sugar-utilizing specialist cells, a robust synthetic coculture could be engineered to selectively produce isobutyl butyrate at a level of 392 mg/L, about 31-fold higher than the monoculture.
Optical Transducers for Near Field Recording (2006)

Optical transducers that concentrate optical energy in the near field to dimensions much smaller than the standard diffraction limit are often classified as apertures or antennas. For near field recording the transducer must obviously operate with a recording medium in its immediate vicinity which can strongly interact with the transducer. Transducers composed of gold and with a minimum dimension of 20 nm are spaced 7.5 nm from the medium in this study. Even simple apertures when optimized are able to couple ∼1.5% of the incident power into optical spots with a full width at half maximum diameter of less than 50 nm or a tenth of a wavelength. More sophisticated apertures and antennas can improve this coupling efficiency by a factor of three or more, although not by orders of magnitude. Such transducers may have applications in optical or heat assisted magnetic data storage.
Shift from growth to nutrient-limited maintenance kinetics during biofilter acclimation (1997)

During long-term operation of a biofilter, the mandatory absence of net cell growth forces the cells into maintenance metabolism, which is of relatively low rate compared to substrate consumption during the active growth of the acclimation phase. A model based on this shift in metabolism can explain the postacclimation decrease in activity sometimes reported for biofilters. The cessation of growth can be caused by nutrient depletion in the bed. Postacclimation nutrient addition increases activity primarily by allowing a return to the high substrate consumption rate of active growth, and only secondarily helps raise bed activity because of the ultimately higher amount of biomass in the bed. Simulations incorporating the acclimation period and the role of maintenance metabolism predict about 4 logarithms of growth during acclimation of a hexane biofilter, which was confirmed experimentally. Changes in a biofilter's biomass during the acclimation phase can be estimated from substrate conversion data using two approximate methods. The first follows the cumulative amount of substrate converted and uses the estimated yield of cells from substrate during active growth to estimate the total biomass created. The second method follows a rate constant for conversion of substrate in the bed.
Verifying Volume Rendering Using Discretization Error Analysis (2013)

We propose an approach for verification of volume rendering correctness based on an analysis of the volume rendering integral, the basis of most DVR algorithms. With respect to the most common discretization of this continuous model (Riemann summation), we make assumptions about the impact of parameter changes on the rendered results and derive convergence curves describing the expected behavior. Specifically, we progressively refine the number of samples along the ray, the grid size, and the pixel size, and evaluate how the errors observed during refinement compare against the expected approximation errors. We derive the theoretical foundations of our verification approach, explain how to realize it in practice, and discuss its limitations. We also report the errors identified by our approach when applied to two publicly available volume rendering packages.
Optical properties and radiation response of Ce3+‐doped GdScO3 crystals (2012)

Abstract 10%‐Ce doped GdScO 3 perovskite type single crystal was grown by the Czochralski process. The Ce concentration in the crystal was measured. No impurity phases were observed by powder X‐ray diffraction analysis. We evaluated the optical and radiation properties of the grown crystal. Ce:GdScO 3 crystal showed photo‐ and radio‐luminescence peaks due to Ce 3+ of 5d‐4f transition and colour centre. The photoluminescence decay time was sub‐ns order. The relative light yield under 5.5 MeV alpha‐ray excitation was calculated to be approximately 9% of BGO. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Sphingosine-1-Phosphate as a Regulator of Hypoxia-Induced Factor-1α in Thyroid Follicular Carcinoma Cells (2013)

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive lipid, which regulates several cancer-related processes including migration and angiogenesis. We have previously shown S1P to induce migration of follicular ML-1 thyroid cancer cells. Hypoxia-induced factor-1 (HIF-1) is an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor, which adapts cells to hypoxic conditions through increased survival, motility and angiogenesis. Due to these properties and its increased expression in response to intratumoral hypoxia, HIF-1 is considered a significant regulator of tumor biology. We found S1P to increase expression of the regulatory HIF-1α subunit in normoxic ML-1 cells. S1P also increased HIF-1 activity and expression of HIF-1 target genes. Importantly, inhibition or knockdown of HIF-1α attenuated the S1P-induced migration of ML-1 cells. S1P-induced HIF-1α expression was mediated by S1P receptor 3 (S1P3), Gi proteins and their downstream effectors MEK, PI3K, mTOR and PKCβI. Half-life measurements with cycloheximide indicated that S1P treatment stabilized the HIF-1α protein. On the other hand, S1P activated translational regulators eIF-4E and p70S6K, which are known to control HIF-1α synthesis. In conclusion, we have identified S1P as a non-hypoxic regulator of HIF-1 activity in thyroid cancer cells, studied the signaling involved in S1P-induced HIF-1α expression and shown S1P-induced migration to be mediated by HIF-1.
Progress in prion vaccines and immunotherapies (2005)

The transmissible spongiform encephalopathies have presented a challenge to physicians and scientists attempting to develop immunologically-based treatments. Self-tolerance has been one of the major obstacles to successfully raising antibodies against the prion protein (PrP), the host-encoded protein whose misfolded form (PrPSc) is linked to the protein-only infectious agent responsible for these disorders. Recently, it has been shown that antibodies directed against the normal cellular isoform of PrP (PrPC) can reduce or eliminate PrP isoform conversion in both in vitro and in vivo model systems. Similar studies with a PrPSc-specific epitope target are in progress. There is now rational hope that this devastating group of diseases may soon be amenable to immunotherapy and immunoprophylaxis.
Cr3+, Yb3+, Ho3+:YSGG crystal laser with a continuously tunable emission wavelength in the range 2.84–3.05 μm (1996)

The results are given of an investigation of a Cr3+, Yb3+, Ho3+:YSGG crystal laser in a cavity with a dispersive component. Continuous tuning of the output radiation wavelength in the range 2.84–3.05 μm is reported.
Cytoplasmic Relaxation of Active Eph Controls Ephrin Shedding by ADAM10 (2009)

Release of cell surface-bound ligands by A-Disintegrin-And-Metalloprotease (ADAM) transmembrane metalloproteases is essential for signalling by cytokine, cell adhesion, and tyrosine kinase receptors. For Eph receptor ligands, it provides the switch between cell-cell adhesion and repulsion. Ligand shedding is tightly controlled by intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity, which for Eph receptors relies on the release of an inhibitory interaction of the cytoplasmic juxtamembrane segment with the kinase domain. However, a mechanism linking kinase and sheddase activities had remained elusive. We demonstrate that it is a membrane-proximal localisation of the latent kinase domain that prevents ephrin ligand shedding in trans. Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy and electron tomography reveal that activation extends the Eph receptor tyrosine kinase intracellular domain away from the cell membrane into a conformation that facilitates productive association with ADAM10. Accordingly, EphA3 mutants with constitutively-released kinase domains efficiently support shedding, even when their kinase is disabled. Our data suggest that this phosphorylation-activated conformational switch of EphA3 directly controls ADAM-mediated shedding.
Comparison of inflow effects in FLASH- and bSSFP-based BOLD fMRI at 9.4T (2015)

Purpose/Introduction: The use of bSSFP to detect BOLD was introduced in 2001 [1], and since then, different variants of bSSFP have been investigated [2]. At 9.4T, the original stopband method [1], which is based on BOLD-related frequency and T2-changes, is too instable, as breathing or small motion induces frequency shifts of 20–100 Hz. But even for passband bSSFP, a very short TR is mandatory at 9.4T to minimize banding artifacts, especially for whole-brain coverage. The goal of this study is to compare BOLDrelated signal contributions in 3D FLASH and bSSFP acquisitions. Subjects and Methods: All experiments were performed at 9.4T on two healthy volunteers with IRB approval. A custom-built head coil [3] was used for signal transmission/reception. Slab-selective bSSFP and FLASH experiments were performed at 1 mm resolution with two slab thicknesses (18 mm and 36 mm). The acquisition time was kept constant by adjusting the slice oversampling factor (100 and 0 in the 18 mm and 36 mm experiments, respectively). Other parameters: TR = 3.8 ms, TE = 1.9 ms, FA = 12, GRAPPA R = 3, 6/8 partial Fourier (POCS reconstruction), volumeTA = 3.25 s. In addition, whole brain experiments with nonselective excitation were performed at 1.2 mm resolution (TR = 2.6 ms, TE = 1.3 ms, FA = 12, CAIPIRINHA [6] R = 2 9 4D=2, 6/8 partial Fourier, volumeTA = 3 s). The fMRI paradigm consisted of a flickering radial checker-board which was presented ten times in alternating six frames off- and on-periods. For analysis, the data were processed with FSL FEAT [7]. Results: Despite the short TE, strong activation is observed in the slab-selective FLASH experiments, whereas activation in the nonselective FLASH experiment is only visible in large vessels. In contrast, strong BOLD activation can be found in all three bSSFP experiments (Fig. 1). Discussion/Conclusion: The FLASH acquisitions show a significant inflow effect for small slabs, and almost no activation for whole-brain excitation. This indicates that the T2*-related contributions to BOLD are negligible for FLASH, and thus also for bSSFP. From this can be concluded that the observed BOLD activation in slab-selective bSSFP is related to inflow, T2 and diffusion effects, whereas whole-brain bSSFP shows a pure T2 and diffusion contrast similar to a spin-echo. This is also supported by Monte-Carlo simulations and thus suggests a much more confined effect to small vessels as compared to T2*- weighted acquisitions. This also indicates a reduced sensitivity to larger draining veins and thus higher spatial specificity.
Clock generation and distribution for the first IA-64 microprocessor (2002)

Increased functionality and performance in today's microprocessors has resulted in a trend toward larger die sizes and higher operating frequencies. These factors, coupled with larger on-die variations at reduced device geometries, call for special management of the clock distribution skew. The clock generation and distribution for the first IA-64 microprocessor achieves a low skew by using distributed programmable deskew units. Local skew control compensates for load mismatches and within-die process variations, as well as temperature and voltage gradients. In addition, this design supports debug features including on-die clock shrink and test access port (TAP) control of the deskew settings.
Influence of Physical and Chemical Parameters on the Conversion Rate of a Catalytic Converter: A Numerical Simulation Study (2000)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Monolithic three-way catalysts are applied to reduce the emission of combustion engines. The design of such a catalytic converter is a complex process involving the optimization of different physical and chemical parameters. Simple properties such as length, cell densities or metal coverage of the catalysts influence the catalytic performance of the converter.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Numerical simulation is used as an effective tool for the investigation of the catalytic properties of a catalytic converter and for the prediction of the performance of the catalyst. To attain this goal, a two-dimensional flow field description is coupled with a detailed chemical reaction model.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In this paper, results of the simulation of a monolithic single channel are shown. In a first step, the steady state flow distribution was calculated by a two dimensional simulation model. Subsequently, the reaction mechanism of the chemical species in the exhaust gas was added to the simulation process. The performance of the catalyst was simulated under lean, nearly stoichiometric and rich conditions. For these characteristic conditions, the oxidation of propen and CO and the reduction of NO on a typical Pt/Rh coated three-way catalyst were simulated as a function of temperature. The numerically predicted conversion data are compared with experimentally measured data. The simulation further reveals the coupling between chemical reactions and transport processes within the monolithic channel.&lt;/div&gt;
Secure Causal Atomic Broadcast, Revisited (2017)

We revisit the problem of preserving causality in Byzantine fault-tolerant (BFT) atomic broadcast protocols, a requirement first proposed by Reiter and Birman (TOPLAS 1994). While over the past three decades, this requirement has been met through the deployment of expensive public-key threshold cryptosystems, we propose three novel, secure causal BFT protocols without using public-key cryptography. We implement and evaluate these protocols, showing that they significantly outperform existing constructions that use threshold cryptosystems.
Periodic system of elements (basic version) (2006)

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Recognition of solvent exposed protein surfaces using anthracene derived receptors (2006)

A new class of receptor is described that can selectively bind to the solvent exposed surface of proteins such as cytochrome c and lysozyme with low micromolar affinity over cytochrome c551, alpha-lactalbumin, myoglobin and RNase A, under physiologically relevant conditions (5 mM phosphate, pH 7.4). The use of anthracene as a hydrophobic scaffold allows the receptor to act as a selective chemosensor via fluorescence quenching or FRET. The study reveals that co-operative electrostatic interactions over a large surface area dominate binding. Further investigations reveal that the receptor binds to the solvent exposed heme edge of cytochrome c inhibiting its reaction with small reducing agents and validating the strategy for the disruption of protein function.
Stabilizer Formalism for Operator Quantum Error Correction (2005)

Operator quantum error correction is a recently developed theory that provides a generalized and unified framework for active error correction and passive error avoiding schemes. In this Letter, we describe these codes using the stabilizer formalism. This is achieved by adding a gauge group to stabilizer codes that defines an equivalence class between encoded states. Gauge transformations leave the encoded information unchanged; their effect is absorbed by virtual gauge qubits that do not carry useful information. We illustrate the construction by identifying a gauge symmetry in Shor's 9-qubit code that allows us to remove 3 of its 8 stabilizer generators, leading to a simpler decoding procedure and a wider class of logical operations without affecting its essential properties. This opens the path to possible improvements of the error threshold of fault-tolerant quantum computing.
Robust Scene Understanding via Real-Time Approximate Bayesian Computations (2020)

Visual scene understanding involves estimating quantities of interest (such as object category, location, etc.) from observed images and videos. Bayesian approaches to such problems are gaining importance as these provide uncertainty estimates of the variables being estimated. However, these tend to be expensive and unfeasible for real-time implementation. We present a framework for efficiently solving such problems in real-time using probabilistic analysis-by-synthesis (Approximate Bayesian Computations). The underlying generative models needed for ABC are built from realistic off-the-shelf simulation software but additionally include a simple Bayesian error model for the gap between simulation outputs and real data. We achieve real-time performance by introducing two novel approaches: neural emulators and tree pyramidal importance sampling.
CuIIlocation and adsorbate interaction in CuII-exchangedsynthetic Na-omega gallosilicate EPR and electron spin echo modulation studies (1997)

The location of CuII and its interaction with adsorbates in CuII-exchanged synthetic Na-omega gallosilicate have been studied by EPR and electron spin echo modulation (ESEM) spectroscopies. These results are compared with those of CuII-exchanged Na-omega aluminosilicate and also those of L and offretite gallosilicates of similar channel type and size, and the differences are discussed. In general, similar results to those for CuNa-omega gallosilicate are obtained for CuNa-omega aluminosilicate. It is concluded that, in fresh hydrated omega material, CuII is in a main channel coordinating to three water molecules and to framework oxygens in the main channel wall. A minor CuII diaquo species not seen in the gallosilicate is observed in the aluminosilicate. Upon evacuation at increasing temperature, CuII moves from the main channel to a gmelinite cage. Dehydration at 410°C produces one CuII species located in a six-ring window of a gmelinite cage, based on a lack of broadening of its EPR lines by oxygen. In L and offretite gallosilicates, there is evidence for back migration of CuII from a hexagonal prism into a main channel to coordinate with adsorbates. However, in omega the back migration from a gmelinite cage to a main channel seems to be blocked, as shown by very slow changes in the EPR spectra and differing coordination numbers for methanol, ethanol and propanol to CuII when alcohols are adsorbed. CuII does not form a complex with propanol or larger adsorbates in omega gallosilicate. It is suggested that, in omega, small adsorbates must diffuse into a gmelinite cage where CuII is located, to form CuII–adsorbate complexes. The slow changes in the EPR spectra correspond to the time for adsorbate diffusion into a gmelinite cage. CuII interacts with one molecule each of ethylene and acetonitrile, based on EPR and ESEM analyses. CuII forms a square-planar complex containing four molecules of ammonia, based on resolved nitrogen superhyperfine coupling.
Complete cDNA encoding human phospholipid transfer protein from human endothelial cells. (1994)

Phospholipid transfer protein, with an apparent molecular mass of 81 kDa, was purified from human plasma. The NH2-terminal amino acid sequence of a 51-kDa proteolytic fragment obtained from phospholipid transfer protein allowed degenerate primers to be designed for polymerase chain reaction and the eventual isolation of a full-length cDNA from a human endothelial cDNA library. The cDNA is 1,750 base pairs in length and contains an open reading frame of 1,518 nucleotides encoding a leader of 17 amino acids and a mature protein of 476 residues. Northern blot analysis shows a single mRNA transcript of approximately 1.8 kilobases with a wide tissue distribution. The gene was mapped to chromosome 20 using a human/rodent somatic cell hybrid mapping panel. Phospholipid transfer protein was found to be homologous to human cholesteryl ester transfer protein, human lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, and human neutrophil bactericidal permeability increasing protein (20, 24, and 26% identity, respectively).