gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Functionalized electron-rich pyridines as initiators for the epoxy homopolymerization (2023)

A simple and modular dialkylation of two electron-rich pyridine derivatives, namely 4-aminopyridine or 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrido[3,4-b]pyrazine, is achieved by aza-Michael reactions with electron-poor olefins (ethyl acrylate and acrylonitrile). Reducing the ester groups in the ethyl acrylate-derived compounds yielded the corresponding hydroxyl-containing derivatives. Subsequently, homopolymerization of phenyl glycidyl ether as well as an epoxy-alcohol polyaddition were catalyzed using the introduced compounds. As a reference catalyst, 4-dimethylaminopyridine was used. We found that in all cases an irreversible termination of the polymerization at temperatures above 100°C occurred. The decomposition was particularly rapid in the case of pyridine derivatives containing hydroxyl groups. In contrast, at a constant temperature of 100 °C, the latter compounds gave the fastest phenyl glycidyl ether homopolymerization and high conversions were found for all electron-rich pyridine derivatives. However, testing the catalysts at high alcohol concentrations at temperatures higher than 100 °C resulted in similarly moderate conversions in all cases.
Syntheses and structural systematics of trialkylphosphine complexes of open titanocenes, zirconocenes and hafnocenes (2004)

The synthesis and characterization of the open hafnocene, Hf(2,4-C7H11)2(PMe3)(C7H11 = dimethylpentadienyl), is reported. Additionally, a much improved synthetic procedure has been developed for Hf(2,4-C7H11)2(PEt3). Structural data have been obtained for these complexes, and for Ti(2,4-C7H11)2(PEt3) and Zr(2,4-C7H11)2(PMe3), thereby allowing for detailed comparisons between all M(2,4-C7H11)2(PX3) species (M = Ti, Zr, Hf; X = Me, Et). The presence of the coordinated phosphines led in all cases to the adoption of the expected syn-eclipsed geometries, with the phosphines positioned by the open dienyl edges. These phosphine ligands lead to substantial alterations of the bonding patterns in these species, relative to ligand-free complexes. Most notably, the shortest M-C distances involve the central dienyl carbon atoms. Additionally, the data reveal high degrees of steric crowding within these complexes, especially for the weakly bound Ti(2,4-C7H11)2(PEt3), and also demonstrate that significant deformations which have taken place within the dienyl ligands were substantially determined by the relative sizes of the metal centers.
Formation and thermal stability of sub-10-nm carbon templates on Si(100) (2004)

We report a lithographic process for creating high-resolution (&amp;lt;10nm) carbon templates on Si(100). A scanning electron microscope, operating under low vacuum (10−6mbar), produces a carbon-containing deposit (“contamination resist”) on the silicon surface via electron-stimulated dissociation of ambient hydrocarbons, water, and other adsorbed molecules. Subsequent annealing at temperatures up to 1320K in ultrahigh vacuum removes SiO2 and other contaminants, with no observable change in dot shape. The annealed structures are compatible with subsequent growth of semiconductors and complex oxides. Carbon dots with diameter as low as 3.5nm are obtained with a 200μs electron-beam exposure time.
In vitro formation of cysts derived from a rat model of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (1996)

In this study, we report a model of spontaneous cyst formation in vitro and a procedure to obtain large quantities of cysts from polycystic rat kidney cells. Furthermore, we assess the effects of epidermal growth factor, a modulator of morphogenesis, and of taxol, a stabilizer of microtubules, which has recently been proposed as a useful treatment of human polycystic kidney disease (PKD). It is anticipated that data generated from in vitro studies using cysts from PKD-affected rat kidneys may yield further insights to the pathophysiological and cellular basis of fatal renal cyst formation processes, and may lead to specific therapeutic strategies directed at controlling the growth of cysts, thereby reducing the number of animal tests.
Experimental Evaluation of Load Balancing for Mobile Internet Real-Time Communications (2003)

Mobile IP is the dominant Internet standard for the provision of Internet mobility support. However, Mobile IP does not provide any considerations for simultaneous use of multiple points of attachment. This feature is considered very important for Internet real-time communications. Filters for Mobile IP Bindings is a protocol extension of Mobile IP that allows mobile nodes to associate filters with simultaneous bindings for a single home IP address. Flows that match a filter are tunnelled to the point of attachment indicated by the binding.
Radioimmunoassay of Human Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Using Monoclonal Antibody Toward a Synthetic 73-97 Fragment of its B-Chain (1989)

A mouse monoclonal antibody toward a 73-97 fragment of human platelet-derived growth factor (hPDGF) B-chain was used to develop a radioimmunoassay (RIA) for serum hPDGF. In the single step procedure of the double antibody technique, the measurable range was 10-1, 000ng/ml. The coefficients of variation within and between the series were 10.2% and 12.1%, respectively, and satisfactory dilution curves were obtained for sera from normal subjects. The hPDGF levels in all the plasma samples from the 15 normal subjects examined were below the detection limit (10ng/ml). However, the mean hPDGF concentration (±SD) in serum samples of the 60 normal subjects was 31.9±20.4ng/ml. This value was significantly (p<0.01) higher than the mean for the 21 patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (12.6±4.5ng/ml). There was a significant positive (r=0.481, p<0.01), but not strong (r2=0.23) correlation between the peripheral blood platelet counts and serum hPDGF levels of all the subjects. This RIA system should prove useful for clinically measuring the serum hPDGF.
Blockade of NF-κB improves cardiac function and survival without affecting inflammation in TNF-α-induced cardiomyopathy (2005)

Blockade of NF-kappaB activation did not ameliorate myocardial inflammation but improved cardiac function and survival in male TNF-alpha TG mice. An inhibition of NF-kappaB may be a new therapeutic strategy for cardiac remodeling and heart failure, especially when proinflammatory cytokines are activated.
Driving human–mouse avatars to understand the HSC niche (2014)

Keywords: : hematopoietic stem cell nichebone marrow biopsyxenograftSCID repopulating cellsNotch signaling
Dynamic 3D Stack-of-Radial PRF MR Thermometry to Monitor High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Heating: Validation in a Tissue Motion Phantom (2023)

Multi-baseline proton resonant frequency (PRF) shift MR thermometry has been proposed to address the potential mismatch between baseline images and images during thermal therapy in moving organs. Previous methods had to compromise the spatial coverage to increase temporal resolution for resolving motion. This work developed a dynamic 3D stack-of-radial multi-baseline PRF MR thermometry method to monitor high-intensity focused ultrasound heating in moving tissue. The proposed method achieved stable and accurate thermometry with volumetric coverage and high spatiotemporal resolution, validated in a tissue motion phantom with temperature probe measurements.
Successive Convex Approximation Algorithms for Sparse Signal Estimation with Nonconvex Regularizations (2018)

In this paper, we propose a successive convex approximation framework for sparse optimization where the nondifferentiable regularization in the objective function is nonconvex and it can be written as the difference of two convex functions. The proposed framework is based on a nontrivial combination of the majorization-minimization method and successive convex approximation for nonconvex optimization where the regularization function is convex. The proposed framework is flexible and it leads to algorithms that exploit the problem structure and have a low complexity. We demonstrate these advantages by an example application where the nonconvex regularization is the capped <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\ell_{1}$</tex> -norm function. Customizing the proposed framework, we obtain a best-response type algorithm for which all elements of the unknown parameter are updated in parallel according to closed-form expressions. Finally, the proposed algorithms are numerically tested.
CD4+CD25highCD127low/−FoxP3+ Regulatory T Cell Subpopulations in the Bone Marrow and Peripheral Blood of Children with ALL: Brief Report (2018)

CD4<sup>+</sup>CD25<sup>high</sup>CD127<sup>low/-</sup>FoxP<sub>3</sub><sup>+</sup> regulatory T cells (Tregs) are currently under extensive investigation in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and in other human cancers. Usually, Treg cells maintain the immune cell homeostasis. This small subset of T cells has been, in fact, considered to be involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and progression of acute and chronic leukemias. However, whether Treg dysregulation in CLL and ALL plays a key role or it rather represents a simple epiphenomenon is still a matter of debate. Treg cells have been proposed as a prognostic indicator of the clinical course of the disease and might also be used for targeted immune therapy. Our study revealed statistically higher percentage of Treg cells in the bone marrow than in peripheral blood in the group of 42 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. By analyzing Treg subpopulations, it was shown that only memory Tregs in contact with leukemic antigens showed statistically significant differences. We noticed a low negative correlation between Treg cells in the bone marrow and the percentage of blasts (<i>R</i> = -0.36) as well as a moderate correlation between Treg cells in the bone marrow and Hb level (<i>R</i> = +0.41) in peripheral blood before therapy. The number of peripheral blood blasts on day 8th correlates negatively (<i>R</i> = -0.36) with Tregs. Furthermore, statistical analysis revealed low negative correlation between the number of Tregs in the bone marrow and the minimal residual disease measured on day 15th, the percentage of blasts in the bone marrow and leukocytosis after 15 days of chemotherapy. These results indicate the influence of Tregs on the final therapeutic effect.
Tetrasubstituted Phenanthrolines as Highly Potent, Water‐Soluble, and Selective G‐Quadruplex Ligands (2012)

Small molecules capable of stabilizing the G-quadruplex (G4) structure are of interest for the development of improved anticancer drugs. Novel 4,7-diamino-substituted 1,10-phenanthroline-2,9-dicarboxamides that represent hybrid structures of known phenanthroline-based ligands have been designed. An efficient synthetic route to the compounds has been developed and their interactions with various G4 sequences have been evaluated by Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) melting assays, fluorescent intercalator displacement (FID), electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. The preferred compounds have high aqueous solubility and are strong and potent G4 binders with a high selectivity over duplex DNA; thus, they represent a significant improvement over the lead compounds. Two of the compounds are inhibitors of HeLa and HT1080 cell proliferation.
Immunologic Studies of Japanese Encephalitis Virus in Japan (1959)

Summary Following inapparent infection by Japanese encephalitis virus in August and September 1956, 14 children without preexisting JE virus neutralizing antibody, developed a primary hemagglutination-inhibition antibody response by November; 13 of the 14 children formed neutralizing antibody and 11 of 14 children developed complement fixing antibody. Neutralizing antibody usually appeared concurrently with HI antibody, though in some children it appeared before or after HI antibody. Inapparent “reinfections” by JE virus occurred during August and September 1956 in seven children with preexisting neutralizing antibody in plasma. The HI and neutralizing antibody responses were similar in time of occurrence and frequency to those seen in the 14 children without preexisting neutralizing antibody; however, complement fixing antibody more promptly and uniformly rose to detectable levels in the “reinfected” children than in the group with primary infection. Although the exact mechanism of antibody stimulation following “reinfection” of humans by JE virus is uncertain, this phenomenon may play a role in Japan in maintenance of JE virus antibody levels and immunity in humans and possibly in animals. Maximal HI antibody titers that develop within two months of inapparent infection were lower than those usually found after overt Japanese encephalitis. Contrariwise CF antibody did not display a difference in maximal titers. Neutralizing, CF and HI antibodies persisted at detectable levels in plasma and serum for different periods of time after inapparent infection (neutralizing for many years, CF for at least 5–6 weeks but less than 9 months, and HI for years in many persons.)
A one pot protocol to convert nitro-arenes into N-aryl amides (2020)

A two-step one pot, experimentally simple protocol, based on readily available and inexpensive reagents allowed the conversion of nitro-arenes directly to <i>N</i>-aryl amides. A metal-free reduction of the nitro group, mediated by trichlorosilane, followed by the addition of an anhydride afforded the corresponding <i>N</i>-aryl carboxyamide, that was isolated after a simple aqueous work up in good-excellent yields. When the methodology was applied to the reaction with γ-butyrolactone, the desired <i>N</i>-aryl butanamide derivative was obtained, featuring a chlorine atom at the γ-position, a functionalized handle that can be used for further synthetic manipulation of the reaction product. Such an intermediate has already been employed as a key advanced precursor of pharmaceutically active compounds.
The IN-PANCIA Study: Clinical Evaluation of Gastrointestinal Dysfunction and Failure, Multiple Organ Failure, and Levels of Citrulline in Critically Ill Patients (2017)

Both GID and GIF in critically ill patients are associated with low levels of citrulline and glutamine, which could be considered as markers of small bowel dysfunction. The higher the GIF score, the lower the citrulline levels. Patients affected by MOF had higher levels of intra-abdominal pressure.
Synthèse stéréosélective de fragments polyhydoxylés : application à la synthèse totale de la (+)-Aspiciline et de l´Amphidinol 3 (2006)

De nombreux produits naturels, possedant une activite biologique, incorporent une chaine polyhydroxylee dans leur structure. Ces fragments sont presents, par exemple, dans la famille complexe des Amphidinols ou dans des plus petites molecules comme la (+)-Aspiciline. Afin de permettre un acces efficace a ces structures, une nouvelle methodologie a ete developpee pour preparer stereoselectivement des unites trihydroxylees fonctionnalisees. De facon remarquable, la stereochimie de ces produits est determinee uniquement par la quantite d'acide de Lewis employee. Cette methodologie a ensuite ete utilisee dans un projet de synthese totale de la (+)-Aspiciline. La strategie a tout d'abord ete evaluee sur un substrat modele. Ensuite, la (+)-Aspiciline a ete obtenue en 18 etapes avec 10 % de rendement global. Apres avoir obtenu ces resultats positifs, il a ete decide d'effectuer la synthese totale de la partie polycyclique de l'Amphidinol 3. Un intermediaire avance qui incorpore la totalite des centres chiraux de la partie cyclique de l'Amphidinol 3, incluant la stereochimie relative correcte, a ete prepare.
Lamin A/C Depletion Enhances DNA Damage-Induced Stalled Replication Fork Arrest (2013)

The human LMNA gene encodes the essential nuclear envelope proteins lamin A and C (lamin A/C). Mutations in LMNA result in altered nuclear morphology, but how this impacts the mechanisms that maintain genomic stability is unclear. Here, we report that lamin A/C-deficient cells have a normal response to ionizing radiation but are sensitive to agents that cause interstrand cross-links (ICLs) or replication stress. In response to treatment with ICL agents (cisplatin, camptothecin, and mitomycin), lamin A/C-deficient cells displayed normal γ-H2AX focus formation but a higher frequency of cells with delayed γ-H2AX removal, decreased recruitment of the FANCD2 repair factor, and a higher frequency of chromosome aberrations. Similarly, following hydroxyurea-induced replication stress, lamin A/C-deficient cells had an increased frequency of cells with delayed disappearance of γ-H2AX foci and defective repair factor recruitment (Mre11, CtIP, Rad51, RPA, and FANCD2). Replicative stress also resulted in a higher frequency of chromosomal aberrations as well as defective replication restart. Taken together, the data can be interpreted to suggest that lamin A/C has a role in the restart of stalled replication forks, a prerequisite for initiation of DNA damage repair by the homologous recombination pathway, which is intact in lamin A/C-deficient cells. We propose that lamin A/C is required for maintaining genomic stability following replication fork stalling, induced by either ICL damage or replicative stress, in order to facilitate fork regression prior to DNA damage repair.
MicroRNA-383: A tumor suppressor miRNA in human cancer (2022)

Downregulated expression of anti-tumor miR-383 has been found in many kinds of cancer. MiR-383 family members can directly target the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of the mRNA of some pro-tumor genes to attenuate several cancer-related processes, including cell proliferation, invasion, migration, angiogenesis, immunosuppression, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, glycolysis, chemoresistance, and the development of cancer stem cells, whilst promoting apoptosis. Functionally, miR-383 operates as a tumor inhibitor miRNA in many types of cancer, including breast cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, colorectal cancer, esophageal cancer, lung cancer, head and neck cancer, glioma, medulloblastoma, melanoma, prostate cancer, cervical cancer, oral squamous cell carcinoma, thyroid cancer, and B-cell lymphoma. Both pro-tumor and anti-tumor effects have been attributed to miR-383 in ovarian cancer. However, only the pro-tumor effects of miR-383 were reported in cholangiocarcinoma. The restoration of miR-383 expression could be considered a possible treatment for cancer. This review discusses the anti-tumor effects of miR-383 in human cancers, emphasizing their downstream target genes and potential treatment approaches.
What Players do with the Ball: A Physically Constrained Interaction Modeling (2015)

Tracking the ball is critical for video-based analysis of team sports. However, it is difficult, especially in low-resolution images, due to the small size of the ball, its speed that creates motion blur, and its often being occluded by players. In this paper, we propose a generic and principled approach to modeling the interaction between the ball and the players while also imposing appropriate physical constraints on the ball's trajectory. We show that our approach, formulated in terms of a Mixed Integer Program, is more robust and more accurate than several state-of-the-art approaches on real-life volleyball, basketball, and soccer sequences.
Total Synthesis of Pseudotrienic Acid B: A Bioactive Metabolite from Pseudomonas sp. MF 381‐IODS (2006)

Schnell zur Säure: Eine effiziente und hoch konvergente stereoselektive Synthese führt zu Pseudotriensäure B (siehe Struktur). Durch eine Crotyltitanierung wurden die Stereozentren C11 und C20 aufgebaut, eine Kreuzmetathese erzeugte die Trien-Einheit, und eine Stille-Kreuzkupplung vollendete das Kohlenstoffgerüst des Naturstoffs.
DC-Link Current Sensor Extension for Dead-Beat Direct Torque and Flux Control of Non-Salient Electric Machines (2018)

Dead-beat Direct Torque and Flux Control (DB-DTFC) emerges as the promising standard for motor drives due to its dynamic properties and parameter variation resilience. Since the knowledge of at least two phase currents is required to successfully implement the control scheme, drives equipped with a DC link current sensor are not intrinsically supported. This paper proposes a technique to modify the voltage pattern produced by DB-DTFC such that only the machine flux is affected; machine torque output is not altered. It is shown that since this artificial voltage disturbance is known, it has negligible effect on drive performance as both current and flux observers utilize the final voltage vector in their feedforward paths.
Plasma serotonin response to carbohydrate‐rich food in chronic schizophrenic patients: clozapine versus classic antipsychotic agents (2001)

Researchers have reported a stimulatory effect of carbohydrate-rich intake on platelet-poor plasma (PPP) serotonin (5-HT) levels in healthy human subjects. Dietary manipulation may serve as a safer and less invasive means than pharmacologic challenge to provoke serotonergic responsivity in studies of schizophrenia. In the present study, we used the carbohydrate-rich meal test as an indicator of 5-HT activity in 12 patients with chronic schizophrenia maintained for at least 6 months on clozapine. PPP 5-HT levels were measured at baseline and at 1, 2 and 3 h after administration of the test. Findings were compared with those in schizophrenic patients treated with classic antipsychotic agents for the same duration. The maximal PPP 5-HT response was reached 120 min after meal administration in the clozapine-treated group and 60 min after in the classic antipsychotic-treated group (P<0.05 vs baseline for both). The 5-HT level (as percentage of baseline) at 60 min was significantly lower in the clozapine-treated group (P<0.02), as were individual PPP 5-HT peak values (P<0.05). The individual time to reach the peak response was similar in the two groups. Our results indicate that in patients with chronic schizophrenia 5-HT responsivity to the natural challenge of carbohydrate-rich meals is lower in those treated with clozapine than in those given classic antipsychotic agents. Values in both groups were lower than those in an appropriate historical comparative group of healthy subjects. We suggest that both clozapine and classic antipsychotic agents suppress serotonergic system sensitivity, but to a different degree. Copyright 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular dynamics simulation study of moisture effects on chain mobility in hemicellulose-based bio-nanocomposites as observed by 13C CP/MAS NMR relaxometry (2017)

Molecular dynamics simulation study of moisture effects on chain mobility in hemicellulose-based bio-nanocomposites as observed by 13C CP/MAS NMR relaxometry
Methods of use of cellulose binding domain proteins (2023)

A cellulose binding domain (CBD) having a high affinity for crystalline cellulose and chitin is disclosed, along with methods for the molecular cloning and recombinant production thereof. Fusion products comprising the CBD and a second protein are likewise described. A wide range of applications are contemplated for both the CBD and the fusion products, including drug delivery, affinity separations, and diagnostic techniques.