gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Basis Reduction Algorithms and Subset Sum Problems (1991)

Abstract This thesis investigates a new approach to lattice basis reduction suggested by M. Seysen. Seysen&amp;apos;s algorithm attempts to globally reduce a lattice basis, whereas the Lenstra, Lenstra, Lov&amp;apos;asz (LLL) family of reduction algorithms concentrates on local reductions. We show that Seysen&amp;apos;s algorithm is well suited for reducing certain classes of lattice bases, and often requires much less time in practice than the LLL algorithm. We also demonstrate how Seysen&amp;apos;s algorithm for basis reduction may be applied to subset sum problems. Seysen&amp;apos;s technique, used in combination with the LLL algorithm, and other heuristics, enables us to solve a much larger class of subset sum problems than was previously possible.
Molecular and cell biology of acute renal failure: new therapeutic strategies. (1995)

Acute renal failure (ARF) commonly occurs in critically ill patients. Despite improved dialysis techniques and recent advances in intensive care medicine, mortality from this condition remains unacceptably high. Increased understanding of the factors that mediate cellular injury, such as adenosine triphosphate depletion, intracellular calcium accumulation, and generation of reactive oxygenation species, as well as those that mediate recovery, such as locally produced and systemically released growth factors, provide fresh insights that can be used to develop new strategies to limit renal damage after acute insults and speed the repair process. Exogenous administration of growth factors, adenine nucleotides, and thyroxine, each of which can facilitate recovery of experimental ARF, in addition to factors yet to be identified, is a potentially exciting new therapeutic strategy to improve survival of patients with this condition.
Utility-Based User Grouping and Bandwidth Allocation for Wireless Multicast Systems (2009)

With the proliferation of wireless multimedia applications, multicast/broadcast has been recognized as an efficient technique to transmit a large volume of data to multiple mobile stations at the same time. In most multicast systems, the transmitter (e.g. base station) adapts its data rate to the furthest located users, so as to guarantee service quality to as many users as possible. Predictably, the more users in a multicast group, the lower data rate the base station can transmit. On the other hand, grouping more users together leads to a more efficient utilization of spectrum bandwidth, as these users are served simultaneously. This bring the interesting problem that presses for solution: how to group users in a cell into multicast groups and how to allocate a fixed amount of bandwidth resource to the groups, to achieve a good balance between throughput and fairness in multicast systems. In this paper, we formulate the united user grouping and bandwidth allocation strategy into a utility-based optimization problem. One method of signomial programming is used to solve the non-convex optimization problem. Numerical results will show that this suboptimal algorithm performs well even compared to the optimal one. Moreover, through theoretical analysis, we prove that the best user grouping and bandwidth allocation scheme of throughput maximization is to allocate the entire bandwidth to the unique group containing the users located within a ring-shaped region with an optimal outer radius r*.
Pro-d-NMe-Amino Acid and d-Pro-NMe-Amino Acid:  Simple, Efficient Reverse-Turn Constraints J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 5927−5937 (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionNEXTPro-d-NMe-Amino Acid and d-Pro-NMe-Amino Acid: Simple, Efficient Reverse-Turn Constraints J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 5927−5937David K. Chalmers and Garland R. MarshallCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 6, 1579Publication Date (Web):February 14, 1996Publication History Published online14 February 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja955039whttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja955039wcorrectionACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views243Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (50 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
SiON-based antireflective coating for 193-nm lithography (1999)

Silicon oxynitride has been shown to be an efficient antireflective materials at 365 and 248 nm. In this paper, we confirm that SiON can be used successfully at 193nm. SiON is deposited at low substrate temperature in a Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition reactor using silane and nitrous oxide as precursor gases. Compatibility of the silicon oxynitride underlayer with sensitive chemically amplified resist is examined. A simple surface treatment is shown to give very good results and almost completely suppresses any contamination of the chemically amplified resist.
Development of an IEC neutron source for NDE (2002)

This paper concerns the development of a neutron source based on the inertial electrostatic confinement (IEC) of a low density fusion plasma in a gridded, spherically-focusing device. With the motivation of using such sources for nondestructive evaluation (NDE) applications, the focus of the development is on: small-size devices, sealed operation with D/sub 2/ or D/sub 2//T/sub 2/ mixtures, power-utilization and neutron-output optimization, and integration into an assay system. In this paper, we describe an experimental system that has been established for the development and testing of IEC neutron sources, and we present preliminary results of tests conducted for 25-cm and 15-cm diameter IEC devices.
Evidence for a nonrandom base sequence in a Bacillus pumilus plasmid: EcoR1 endonuclease digestion of pPL576 (1975)

EcoR1 endonuclease digested the Bacillus pumilus plasmid pPL576 (molecular weight similar to 28 X 10-6) into three distinct size classes of linear fragments. The molecular weights of the fragments are 13.0 X 10-6, 0.5 X 10-6, and 6.5 X 10-6 by sucrose gradient analysis. By electron microscope analysis the three fragments account for about 99% of the intact plasmid. These results indicate that pPL576 molecules contain a nonrandom base sequence, and are consistent with the interpretation that pPL576 is autonomous and not the result of cyclization of random chromosome fragments.
User Distance Distribution for Overlapping and Coexisting Cell Scenarios (2012)

In this paper, we propose a methodology to obtain realistic user distance distributions including overlapping and coexisting cell scenarios in cellular communication systems. In regular cell planning, coverage areas of neighboring macrocell base stations are intentionally overlapped to achieve seamless handover and to prevent blind spots. Also, coexistence with other base stations (e.g. femtocells) is allowed to provide better coverage and capacity with emerging heterogeneous networks. Therefore, even if the user density is uniform in the area of interest, the distance of the users linked to the corresponding base station might not be characterized with uniform distribution because of the overlapping and coexisting cells. Considering these facts, the overlapping regions are investigated based on user sharing between the base stations. In addition, by using the density of randomly deployed small base stations, the effect of coexistence on the user density is analyzed. As a result, realistic user distance distribution including effects of both randomly deployed base stations and neighboring large cells are obtained with proposed methodology.
Fiber-Optic Sources of Quantum Entanglement (2002)

We present a fiber-based source of polarization-entangled photon pairs that is well suited for quantum communication applications in the 1.5$μ$m band of standard telecommunication fiber. Quantum-correlated signal and idler photon pairs are produced when a nonlinear-fiber Sagnac interferometer is pumped in the anomalous-dispersion region of the fiber. Recently, we have demonstrated nonclassical properties of such photon pairs by using Geiger-mode InGaAs/InP avalanche photodiodes. Polarization entanglement in the photon pairs can be created by pumping the Sagnac interferometer with two orthogonally polarized pulses. In this case the parametrically scattered signal-idler photons yield biphoton interference with $&gt;$90% visibility in coincidence detection, while no interference is observed in direct detection of either the signal or the idler photons.
ChemInform Abstract: Benzeneselenenyl Triflate as an Activator of Thioglycosides for Glycosylation Reactions. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Sequestration of imaging studies in MIDRC: a multi-institutional data commons (2022)

The Medical Imaging and Data Resource Center (MIDRC) is a multi-institutional effort to accelerate medical imaging machine intelligence research and create a publicly available image repository/commons as well as a sequestered database for performance evaluation and benchmarking of algorithms. After de-identification, approximately 80% of the medical images and associated meta-data will become part of the open repository and 20% will be sequestered and kept separate from the open commons. To ensure that both the public, open dataset and the sequestered dataset are representative of the population available, demographic characteristics across the two datasets must be balanced. Our method uses multidimensional stratified sampling where several demographic variables of interest are sequentially used to separate the data into individual strata, each representing a unique combination of variables. Within each stratum, patients are randomly assigned to the open set (80%) or the sequestered set (20%). Thus, for p variables of interest, the balance of the pdimensional distribution of variable combinations can be controlled. This algorithm was used on an example COVID-19 dataset containing image exams of 4662 patients using the variables of race, age, sex at birth, and ethnicity, each containing 8, 8, 2, and 4 categories, respectively. After stratification of this dataset into the two subsets, resulting distributions of each variable matched the distribution from the original dataset with a maximum percent difference from its original fraction of 0.4%. These results demonstrate that the implemented process of multi-dimensional sequential stratified sampling can partition a large database while maintaining balance across several variables.
Novel 3-phenylprop-2-ynylamines as inhibitors of mammalian squalene epoxidaseElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Proton NMR spectra for the intermediate piperidines 56–60 and acetylenes 63-81 and 85,86. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/ob/b2/b209165h/ (2003)

The synthesis of a novel series of 3-phenylprop-2-ynylamines as selective mammalian squalene epoxidase inhibitors is described. Structure activity relationship studies led to the discovery of compound 19, 1-[3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-prop-2-ynyl]-3- methylpiperidine hydrochloride with an IC50 of 2.8 +/- 0.6 microM against rat liver squalene epoxidase. Against 23 strains of fungal squalene epoxidase compound 19 was found to be inactive.
A Host of Factors Regulating Influenza Virus Replication (2010)

A new series of genetic screens begins to illuminate the interaction between influenza virus and the infected cell.
Localization of the Androgen-Synthesizing Enzymes, Androgen Receptor, and Sex Steroids in the Vagina: Possible Implications for the Treatment of Postmenopausal Sexual Dysfunction (2014)

The enzymes responsible for androgen formation as well as AR are at the highest level in the superficial layer of the stratified epithelium and muscularis layers of the vagina. These data provide a potential explanation for the described role of androgens in regulating vaginal lubrication, smooth muscle activity, blood flow, and the neuronal activity potentially involved in the correction of sexual dysfunction.
In-vivo monitoring of infectious diseases in living animals using bioluminescence imaging (2017)

Traditional methods of localizing and quantifying the presence of pathogenic microorganisms in living experimental animal models of infections have mostly relied on sacrificing the animals, dissociating the tissue and counting the number of colony forming units. However, the discovery of several varieties of the light producing enzyme, luciferase, and the genetic engineering of bacteria, fungi, parasites and mice to make them emit light, either after administration of the luciferase substrate, or in the case of the bacterial lux operon without any exogenous substrate, has provided a new alternative. Dedicated bioluminescence imaging (BLI) cameras can record the light emitted from living animals in real time allowing non-invasive, longitudinal monitoring of the anatomical location and growth of infectious microorganisms as measured by strength of the BLI signal. BLI technology has been used to follow bacterial infections in traumatic skin wounds and burns, osteomyelitis, infections in intestines, Mycobacterial infections, otitis media, lung infections, biofilm and endodontic infections and meningitis. Fungi that have been engineered to be bioluminescent have been used to study infections caused by yeasts (Candida) and by filamentous fungi. Parasitic infections caused by malaria, Leishmania, trypanosomes and toxoplasma have all been monitored by BLI. Viruses such as vaccinia, herpes simplex, hepatitis B and C and influenza, have been studied using BLI. This rapidly growing technology is expected to continue to provide much useful information, while drastically reducing the numbers of animals needed in experimental studies.
Security Improvement of Chaotic Probability Constellation Shaping for FSO (2022)

In this paper, we propose a Chaotic Probability Constellation Shaping (CPCS) method in Free-Space Optical (FSO) communication to enhance security and improve the performance of the transmission data. Gather as many points as possible in the middle via chaotic controlling. The influence of turbulence on the signal transmission can be attenuated to the minimum. In the simulation, a ratio of 56Gb/s 16-QAM signal is transmitted 1-km space channel with an attenuation index of 10dB/km. The CPCS technique can improve almost 0.5 dB optical signal noise ratio (OSNR) performance @10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−3</sup> BER than that of the related original signal. Simulation results indicate that the proposed method not only enhances the security but also improves the BER performance.
Chlorine-radical-mediated C–H oxygenation reaction under light irradiation (2023)

The oxygenation of C(sp<sup>3</sup>)-H bonds is a key chemical reaction in the production of fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals. Hydrogen atom transfer has recently gained significant attention for its ability to functionalise C-H bonds. The C-H bond can be activated by transferring the H radical to a hydrogen acceptor such as the chlorine radical (Cl˙). Thus, the Cl˙ generated by light irradiation can be used to initiate C-H oxygenation reactions, in which molecular oxygen is used as the oxidant. In this review article, we have summarised the recent advances in the field of Cl˙-mediated C-H oxygenation reactions. Reactions with catalysts such as metal chlorides, organophotoredox catalysts (acridinium ions), and chlorine dioxide radicals under light irradiation have been discussed. We conclude the review by providing suggestions for future research studies in the field. We expect that this review article will provide valuable information for the development of Cl˙-mediated C-H oxygenation reactions, contribute to the understanding of the reactivity of Cl˙, and inspire other useful synthetic chemical applications for C-H oxygenation reactions.
Combination of Beamforming with Per-Antenna Power Constraint and Adaptive PAPR Reduction Method Using Null Space in MIMO Channel for Multiuser Massive MIMO-OFDM Transmission (2018)

In this paper, we investigate a method that combines beamforming (BF) with a per-antenna power constraint and adaptive peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction using the null space of a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel in multiuser massive MIMO-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) transmission. To improve the tradeoff between the throughput and PAPR, it is necessary to consider both mutually related BF control and PAPR reduction. In the proposed method, PAPR is first suppressed by generating a BF matrix that limits the transmission power variation among transmitter antennas using a firefly algorithm (FA). The subsequent adaptive PAPR reduction processing further reduces the PAPR while mitigating the data throughput degradation due to the interference from the PAPR reduction signal generated by the clipping and filtering (CF) algorithm. This is accomplished by restricting the transmission of the PAPR reduction signal only to the null space of the MIMO channel. Computer simulation results show that the proposed method improves the PAPR versus the throughput characteristics compared to the case using conventional zero forcing (ZF)-based BF.
Impacto dos parâmetros espinopélvicos pré-operatórios na correção de lordose segmentar após fusão intersomática lombar por via lateral de um nível (2022)

<b>Objectives</b> The present study aimed to assess whether preoperative spinopelvic parameters can influence the gain of segmental lordosis after one level of lateral lumbar interbody fusion. <b>Methods</b> The following radiological parameters were measured in the X-rays: pelvic incidence, lumbar lordosis, pelvic tilt, L4S1 lordosis, index level segmental lordosis, intraoperative index segmental lordosis, pelvic mismatch (IP-LL), distal lordosis proportion, delta segmental lordosis, Pelvic Titlt (PT) > 20, actual sacral slope, and ideal sacral slope, and the correlation of these variables with the gain of segmental lordosis was investigated. Afterwards, an exploratory cluster analysis was performed to identify common characteristics between patients and segmental lordosis gain. <b>Results</b> The sample of the present study comprised 104 patients, of which 76% presented segmental lordosis gain. The most correlated parameters with the segmental lordosis gain were preoperative segmental lordosis (-0.50) and delta intraoperative lordosis (0.51). Moreover, patients in the high PI groups had a trend to gain more segmental lordosis ( <i>p</i> < 0.05) and a reduced risk of losing segmental lordosis (Odds 6.08). <b>Conclusion</b> Patients with low-medium PI profiles presented higher odds of loss of segmental lordosis. However, the preoperative spinopelvic parameters alone do not seem to play a significant role in the fate of segmental lordosis gain.
La gouvernance territoriale après la crise (2013)

Spire est le dépôt institutionnel de la production scientifique de Sciences Po et contient le texte intégral des articles, ouvrages, chapitres d’ouvrages, working papers et communications dans des conférences de la communauté académique de Sciences Po.
Guest Editorial: Foreword to the Special Issue on Digital Games (2014)

Guest Editors introduction to the Special Issue on Games
Continuous-time targeted minimum loss-based estimation of intervention-specific mean outcomes (2021)

This paper studies the generalization of the targeted minimum loss-based estimation (TMLE) framework to estimation of effects of time-varying interventions in settings where both interventions, covariates, and outcome can happen at subject-specific time-points on an arbitrarily fine time-scale. TMLE is a general template for constructing asymptotically linear substitution estimators for smooth low-dimensional parameters in infinite-dimensional models. Existing longitudinal TMLE methods are developed for data where observations are made on a discrete time-grid. We consider a continuous-time counting process model where intensity measures track the monitoring of subjects, and focus on a low-dimensional target parameter defined as the intervention-specific mean outcome at the end of follow-up. To construct our TMLE algorithm for the given statistical estimation problem we derive an expression for the efficient influence curve and represent the target parameter as a functional of intensities and conditional expectations. The high-dimensional nuisance parameters of our model are estimated and updated in an iterative manner according to separate targeting steps for the involved intensities and conditional expectations. The resulting estimator solves the efficient influence curve equation. We state a general efficiency theorem and describe a highly adaptive lasso estimator for nuisance parameters that allows us to establish asymptotic linearity and efficiency of our estimator under minimal conditions on the underlying statistical model.
Influence of laser pulse width to the photoacoustic temporal waveform and the image resolution with a solid state excitation laser (2012)

Properties of excitation laser are the important parameters that affect the photoacoustic image quality. As for the pulse width, it is closely related to signal strength and image resolution, which reported as a result of an experiment using a laser diode that can control the pulse width easily1. However, though a solid-state laser is promising for a medical application due to its high pulse energy creating high photo acoustic signal, its influence on waveform or the image quality has not been discussed in detail because the pulse width is hardly changeable in a solid-state laser. We use two kinds of solid-state lasers, i.e., Q-switched Nd:YAG and Ti-Sapphire Laser, in this study and generate different pulse width between 4.5 and 45 ns by changing wavelength and excitation energy. These laser pulses are entered into a silicon tube composed of carbon-particle suspension as absorber whose wavelength dependence for absorption is small. We detect the generated laser-induced photoacoustic waves by hydrophone. The photoacoustic temporal waveform shows sharper as the pulse width is shorter, which also indicates high frequency signal components increase. The width of the first peak on the temporal waveform is corresponding to the pulse width. Additionally, as a result of the photoacoustic imaging experiment preformed with 192-channel PZT linear array probe to image a thin wire, the modulation transfer function shows that the narrower the pulse width, the slightly better the image resolution.