gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Bi-Directional Current Detection Using Current Transformers for Bi-Directional DC-DC Converter (2018)

This paper proposes a bi-directional current detection circuit using current-transformers for bi-directional DC-DC converters. This current detection circuit consists of CT(Current transformer) and electric components. The features of the current sensor based on CT can detect a pulse current contain DC component without any magnetic saturation. This paper shows a circuit configuration of the bi-directional current sensor and the principle of detection error of this circuit is analyzed. The validity of this analysis is verified through experiment under the DC-DC converter rated at 1.4 kW.
Application of matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometric imaging to monitor surface changes of UV‐irradiated poly(styrene) films (2011)

This study presents the application of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometric imaging (MALDI-MSI) to monitor changes occurring at polymer surfaces. As an example, a poly(styrene) (PS) film was irradiated with ultraviolet (UV) light at 254 nm for different time intervals, while areas of the film were protected from UV light by covering it with an aluminum mask. After the UV treatment, the polymer surface was analyzed by MALDI-MSI. Time-dependent photo-induced cross-linking of the polymer film was observed, and a correlation curve between UV radiation time and area of cross-linking was constructed. This represents the first step towards the surface analysis of polymer components of photoresists and top coatings of cars, and it will also enable a new characterization strategy for combinatorial material research.
[Advance of magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) techniques]. (1994)

Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) can provide density images of various metabolites in the human body, in vivo, by utilizing chemical shift. This technique has received attention as a new method for analyzing the diseased state, via metabolism. It increases the accuracy of diagnosis and provides hope for early diagnosis of brain disease. However, because a measurement time of more than ten minutes to one hour is required for imaging, it has been difficult to use MRSI techniques for clinical diagnosis. Improved techniques for high-speed imaging have recently been developed. This review describes the recent advances in this field.
LDRD Project 52523 final report :Atomic layer deposition of highly conformal tribological coatings. (2005)

Friction and wear are major concerns in the performance and reliability of micromechanical (MEMS) devices. While a variety of lubricant and wear resistant coatings are known which we might consider for application to MEMS devices, the severe geometric constraints of many micromechanical systems (high aspect ratios, shadowed surfaces) make most deposition methods for friction and wear-resistance coatings impossible. In this program we have produced and evaluate highly conformal, tribological coatings, deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD), for use on surface micromachined (SMM) and LIGA structures. ALD is a chemical vapor deposition process using sequential exposure of reagents and self-limiting surface chemistry, saturating at a maximum of one monolayer per exposure cycle. The self-limiting chemistry results in conformal coating of high aspect ratio structures, with monolayer precision. ALD of a wide variety of materials is possible, but there have been no studies of structural, mechanical, and tribological properties of these films. We have developed processes for depositing thin (<100 nm) conformal coatings of selected hard and lubricious films (Al2O3, ZnO, WS2, W, and W/Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} nanolaminates), and measured their chemical, physical, mechanical and tribological properties. A significant challenge in this program was to develop instrumentation and quantitative test procedures, which did not exist, for friction, wear, film/substrate adhesion, elastic properties, stress, etc., of extremely thin films and nanolaminates. New scanning probe and nanoindentation techniques have been employed along with detailed mechanics-based models to evaluate these properties at small loads characteristic of microsystem operation. We emphasize deposition processes and fundamental properties of ALD materials, however we have also evaluated applications and film performance for model SMM and LIGA devices.
Scaling up electrically synchronized spin torque oscillator networks (2018)

Synchronized nonlinear oscillators networks are at the core of numerous families of applications including phased array wave generators and neuromorphic pattern matching systems. In these devices, stable synchronization between large numbers of nanoscale oscillators is a key issue that remains to be demonstrated. Here, we show experimentally that synchronized spin-torque oscillator networks can be scaled up. By increasing the number of synchronized oscillators up to eight, we obtain that the emitted power and the quality factor increase linearly with the number of oscillators. Even more importantly, we demonstrate that the stability of synchronization in time exceeds 1.6 milliseconds corresponding to 10<sup>5</sup> periods of oscillation. Our study demonstrates that spin-torque oscillators are suitable for applications based on synchronized networks of oscillators.
Functionalised heterogeneous catalysts for sustainable biomass valorisation (2018)

Efficient transformation of biomass to value-added chemicals and high-energy density fuels is pivotal for a more sustainable economy and carbon-neutral society. In this framework, developing potential cascade chemical processes using functionalised heterogeneous catalysts is essential because of their versatile roles towards viable biomass valorisation. Advances in materials science and catalysis have provided several innovative strategies for the design of new appealing catalytic materials with well-defined structures and special characteristics. Promising catalytic materials that have paved the way for exciting scientific breakthroughs in biomass upgrading are carbon materials, metal-organic frameworks, solid phase ionic liquids, and magnetic iron oxides. These fascinating catalysts offer unique possibilities to accommodate adequate amounts of acid-base and redox functional species, hence enabling various biomass conversion reactions in a one-pot way. This review therefore aims to provide a comprehensive account of the most significant advances in the development of functionalised heterogeneous catalysts for efficient biomass upgrading. In addition, this review highlights important progress ensued in tailoring the immobilisation of desirable functional groups on particular sites of the above-listed materials, while critically discussing the role of consequent properties on cascade reactions as well as on other vital processes within the bio-refinery. Current challenges and future opportunities towards a rational design of novel functionalised heterogeneous catalysts for sustainable biomass valorisation are also emphasized.
An overview on the nutritional and bioactive components of green seaweeds (2023)

Abstract Green seaweed, as the most abundant species of macroseaweeds, is an important marine biological resource. It is a rich source of several amino acids, fatty acids, and dietary fibers, as well as polysaccharides, polyphenols, pigments, and other active substances, which have crucial roles in various biological processes such as antioxidant activity, immunoregulation, and anti-inflammatory response. In recent years, attention to marine resources has accelerated the exploration and utilization of green seaweeds for greater economic value. This paper elaborates on the main nutrients and active substances present in different green seaweeds and provides a review of their biological activities and their applications for high-value utilization. Graphical abstract
Steroid receptors and response of endometrial cancer to hormones in vitro. (1987)

The sensitivity to medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) and tamoxifen (T) and their combination was assayed in 13 patients with untreated endometrial cancer by an in vitro ATP-bioluminescence method. The method measures the levels of adenosinetriphosphate (ATP), the basic energy source of living cells. A tumor was considered to respond to the drug, if the proportion of living cells after manipulation was 50% or less from unmanipulated control culture. Estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptors were assayed by the DCC-method and the results calculated by Scatchard-analysis. ER (greater than or equal to 3 fmol/kg cytosol protein) was present in all tumors and PR (greater than or equal to 10 fmol/kg cytosol protein) in 85% of the tumors. The response rate in vitro to MPA was 67% (8 out of 12 tumors), to T 18% (2 out of 11) and to their combination 69% (9 out of 13). The G1 tumors responded statistically significantly better to MPA (p less than 0.01) and MPA + T (p less than 0.02) as compared to T. MPA produced higher cell kill of G1 than G2 tumors (p less than 0.05). The ER content correlated with the effect of MPA in vitro in 67%, with the effect of T in 18% and with that of their combination in 69% of the tumors. The PR content correlated with the effects of MPA in vitro in 83%, with the effect of T in 36% and with that of their combination in 54% of the tumors. It was concluded that the in vitro ATP-bioluminescence method provides valuable information besides steroid receptor determinations for sensitivity testing of endometrial cancer to hormones.
A novel approach to prepare graphene oxide/soluble polyimide composite films with a low dielectric constant and high mechanical properties (2014)

This study proposes a facile, practical and effective approach to prepare high-performance graphene oxide (GO)/soluble polyimide (SPI) composite films through a dissolved and dispersed strategy.
Activated Carbon Derived from Phoenix dactylifera (Palm Tree) and Decorated with MnO 2 Nanoparticles for Enhanced Hybrid Capacitive Deionization Electrodes (2020)

Abstract In this study, the electro‐sorption capacity and selectivity of activated carbon (AC) electrodes, produced from the leaf base of Phoenix dactylifera (palm tree) waste, are modified by enabling the reversible intercalation/conversion of sodium ions through the presence of nanoscale α‐MnO 2 particles acting as redox mediators. The α‐MnO 2 nanoparticles (NPs) are hydrothermally grown on the AC powder to obtain a functional composite material (α‐MnO 2 /f‐AC). The morphological, textural, and physicochemical surface properties of the pristine and modified AC materials are thoroughly examined and correlated with the electrochemical performance of the resulting electrodes that are implemented in an asymmetric capacitive deionization (CDI) cell configuration (i. e. capacitive vs Faradaic electrodes). The pristine biowaste‐derived AC presents a high specific surface area of 1224 m 2 g −1 , and high electrical capacitance of 259 F g −1 at 10 mV s −1 . The α‐MnO 2 surface modification approach of the pristine material retains its large accessible surface area, and additionally enables a 50% increase in its specific capacitance value. The incorporation of the α‐MnO 2 /f‐AC material in the anode and the pristine source in the cathode produces superior electrosorption capacity, as high as 17.8mgg −1 in batch‐mode CDI tests with 600mg L −1 NaCl feed. The enhanced electrical performance and pseudocapacitive behavior of the CDI cell can be explained by the α‐MnO 2 nanoparticles playing a critical role in enabling a synergistic redox‐based charge‐discharge pathway under conditions compatible with the voltage operation requirements of the CDI process.
Wide-bandwidth time-reversal techniques for landmine detection (2006)

Detection of landmines using acoustic to seismic wave propagation has shown that accurate landmine localization is possible by sensing vibrations of a soil surface above the mine. Time-reversal acoustic (TRA) focusing allows concentration of elastic energy at a location in the soil that increases landmine vibration and improves signal/noise levels. Previous experiments with TRA landmine detection utilized narrow-band signals, but in the most recent experiments wide-bandwidth signals provide clear excitation of the mine resonant frequencies. A loudspeaker array broadcasts these signals and the resulting soil vibration is measured by a laser Doppler vibrometer. The experiment utilizes linear frequency sweeps and orthogonal signals with frequency content between 50 and 500 Hz. Using the orthogonal signals, the suggested TRA procedure can be implemented simultaneously with multiple transmitters to increase the scanning speed. The spatial distribution of energy on and off mine demonstrates that the TRA system concentrates elastic wave energy in the desired area with the focal spot dimension comparable to a wavelength. The spectral density of the TRA focused signal increases in the area near the resonant frequency of the landmine.
Reaction of active methylene compounds with carbon disulfide in the presence of ammonia. II. Reaction of acetone and methyl ethyl ketone (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReaction of active methylene compounds with carbon disulfide in the presence of ammonia. II. Reaction of acetone and methyl ethyl ketoneTatsuo Takeshima, Tsuneo Imamoto, Masataka Yokoyama, Kiyoko Yamamoto, and Makiko AkanoCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1968, 33, 7, 2877–2880Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01271a058https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01271a058research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views168Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Scenario II: Stick with what we know (2021)

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest that could be perceived as prejudicing the impartiality of the research reported.
Early predictors for developing allergic disease and asthma: examining separate steps in the ‘allergic march’ (2007)

In non-sensitized children, eczema, but not wheeze, asthma or rhinitis is a predictor for subsequent development of sensitization. This suggests that early childhood eczema, rather than wheeze and rhinitis, may promote subsequent allergen sensitization and raises the possibility that early management of eczema may reduce the prevalence of sensitization in children.
A method for synthesizing large quantities of carbon nanotubes and encapsulated copper nanowires (1996)

A method using a hydrogen arc for synthesizing large quantities of carbon nanotubes filled with pure copper is reported. The interaction of small copper clusters with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is shown to form carbon nanotubes and encapsulated copper nanowires. The effectiveness of this model is demonstrated by showing that no copper filled nanotubes are formed in a helium arc that does not generate PAHs. A direct proof of this model is demonstrated by using pyrene, a PAH molecule, to grow carbon nanotubes and encapsulated copper nanowires.
Pseudo-Random Modulation Methods for Cavity-Enhanced Spectroscopy (2010)

Both pseudo-random amplitude modulation and pseudo-random tone-burst modulation methods were applied to determine range resolved cavity losses in a cylindrical-mirror cavity excited by a distributed feedback laser. Gas concentrations were determined.
Activity of IMMU-130 anti-CEACAM5-SN-38 antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) on metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) having relapsed after CPT-11: Phase I study. (2014)

3106 Background: IMMU-130 is an ADC of the humanized anti-CEACAM5 antibody, labetuzumab, linked to the active metabolite of CPT-11, SN-38 (drug-antibody ratio=7.6). In an every other week dosing schedule, neutropenia was dose-limiting. Multiple doses of 12 mg/kg were tolerated with modest activity (1 PR). We are now examining a more frequent dose schedule. Methods: Patients with mCRC refractory to standard therapy, including CPT-11, with elevated blood CEA (>5 ng/mL) enrolled in this phase I trial. Two regimens are under evaluation: 1 x or 2 x weekly for 2 weeks in a 3-week cycle to assess safety and efficacy, and to determine a safe dose for multiple treatment cycles. Results: Thirteen patients were treated twice-weekly at 4, 6, 9, and 12 mg/kg/dose (n = 3, 6, 3, and 1, respectively). Neutropenia is dose-limiting (6 ≥ G2), with manageable G1-2 nausea (7), fatigue (6), vomiting (3), and diarrhea (2 G1-2, 1 G3) observed during treatment. At 12 or 9 mg/kg, dose reductions/delay were required due to ≥ G2 neutropenia. Two patients dosed at 9 mg/kg required dose reduction to 4.5 mg/kg, one completing 21 doses, with a 24% reduction in the target lesions and another with SD after 32 doses. Two of 6 pts in the 6 mg/kg cohort showed a treatment effect following dose reduction for toxicity; one with a 28% reduction in target lesions after 38 doses, and another with 63% reduction in the target lesions (RECIST1.1 PR) after continuing treatment at 3 mg/kg for 27 doses. A 4.0 mg/kg twice-weekly dose level is now under study. In the once-weekly schedule, 3 pts completed 1 cycle at 8 mg/kg, with 1 pt experiencing dose delay/reduction in the subsequent cycle due to Gr 4 neutropenia; 3 more pts are enrolled. CEA blood titers correlated with response. There have been no anti-antibody or anti-SN-38 antibody reactions based on ELISA tests. The Phase II will expand patients at optimal dosing and will assess PK and UGTA1A genotypes. Conclusions: These early results indicate therapeutic activity of IMMU-130 in advanced mCRC patients during Phase I extended dosing, even in patients who are relapsed/refractive to CPT-11, and with manageable neutropenia and GI toxicities. Clinical trial information: NCT1605318.
The Engineering of Optical Conservative Force (2015)

Optical forces have been fruitfully applied in a broad variety of areas that not only span the traditional scientific fields such as physics, chemistry, and biology, but also in more applied fields. It is customary and useful to split the optical force into the (conservative) gradient force and the (non-conservative) scattering and absorption force. These forces are different in attributes. The ability to tailor them will open great potential in fundamental optics and practical applications. Here, we present an analytical and a numerical approach to calculate these forces, and, with these tools, we create a fairly general class of 2D conservative optical force field. In general, particles immersed in an optical force do not obey equilibrium statistical mechanics, making the analysis complicated. With conservative forces, these issues are resolved.
A Patch-Based Structural Masking Model with an Application to Compression (2009)

The ability of an image region to hide or mask a given target signal continues to play a key role in the design of numerous image processing and vision systems. However, current state-of-the-art models of visual masking have been optimized for artificial targets placed upon unnatural backgrounds. In this paper, we (1) measure the ability of natural-image patches in masking distortion; (2) analyze the performance of a widely accepted standard masking model in predicting these data; and (3) report optimal model parameters for different patch types (textures, structures, and edges). Our results reveal that the standard model of masking does not generalize across image type; rather, a proper model should be coupled with a classification scheme which can adapt the model parameters based on the type of content contained in local image patches. The utility of this adaptive approach is demonstrated via a spatially adaptive compression algorithm which employs patch-based classification. Despite the addition of extra side information and the high degree of spatial adaptivity, this approach yields an efficient wavelet compression strategy that can be combined with very accurate rate-control procedures.
Spray deposition of compositionally graded hybrid layers for high-performance adhesion (2016)

Delamination at organic/inorganic interfaces continuous to be a ubiquitous challenge in microelectronic packaging including conventional flip-chip and lead frame structures to emerging 2.5 and 3D packages. Hybrid molecular materials with both organic and inorganic components proven to be a good candidate for solving this problem. In this work, we assessed the utility of multi-pass dry regime spray coating to deposit such a hybrid material that is made of an epoxy-factionalized silane and a zirconium alkoxide. We demonstrated both bilayer and dual-source concurrent spray strategies and proved their ability for nanolength-scale control of the through-thickness film composition. Highly compositionally graded hybrid layers were achieved and optimized and showed to have better interfacial film property than homogeneous coatings.
Irradiation-induced localization of IL-12-expressing mesenchymal stem cells to enhance the curative effect in murine metastatic hepatoma (2015)

Irradiation in conjunction with gene therapy is considered for efficient cancer treatment. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), due to their irradiation-promotable tumor tropism, are ideal delivery vehicles for gene therapy. In this study, we investigated whether treatment with radiation and interleukin (IL)-12-expressing MSCs (MSCs/IL-12) exerts improved antitumor effects on murine metastatic hepatoma. HCa-I and Hepa 1-6 cells were utilized to generate heterotopic murine hepatoma models. Tumor-bearing mice were treated with irradiation or MSCs/IL-12 alone, or a combination. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2) expression was assessed in irradiated hepatoma tissues to confirm a chemotactic effect. Combination treatment strategies were established and their therapeutic efficacies were evaluated by monitoring tumor growth, metastasis and survival rate. IL-12 expression was assessed and the apoptotic activity and immunological alterations in the tumor microenvironment were examined. MCP-1/CCL2 expression and localization of MSCs/IL-12 increased in the irradiated murine hepatoma cells. The antitumor effects, including suppression of pulmonary metastasis and survival rate improvements, were increased by the combination treatment with irradiation and MSCs/IL-12. IL-12 expression was increased in tumor cells, causing proliferation of cluster of differentiation 8(+) T-lymphocytes and natural killer cells. The apoptotic activity increased, indicating that the cytotoxicity of immune cells was involved in the antitumor effect of the combined treatment. Treatment with irradiation and MSCs/IL-12 showed effectiveness in treating murine metastatic hepatoma. IL-12-induced proliferation of immune cells played an important role in apoptosis of tumor cells. Our results suggest that treatment with irradiation and MSCs/IL-12 may be a useful strategy for enhancing antitumor activity in metastatic hepatoma.