gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intestinal epithelial MyD88 is a sensor switching host metabolism towards obesity according to nutritional status (2014)

Obesity is associated with a cluster of metabolic disorders, low-grade inflammation and altered gut microbiota. Whether host metabolism is controlled by intestinal innate immune system and the gut microbiota is unknown. Here we report that inducible intestinal epithelial cell-specific deletion of MyD88 partially protects against diet-induced obesity, diabetes and inflammation. This is associated with increased energy expenditure, an improved glucose homeostasis, reduced hepatic steatosis, fat mass and inflammation. Protection is transferred following gut microbiota transplantation to germ-free recipients. We also demonstrate that intestinal epithelial MyD88 deletion increases anti-inflammatory endocannabinoids, restores antimicrobial peptides production and increases intestinal regulatory T cells during diet-induced obesity. Targeting MyD88 after the onset of obesity reduces fat mass and inflammation. Our work thus identifies intestinal epithelial MyD88 as a sensor changing host metabolism according to the nutritional status and we show that targeting intestinal epithelial MyD88 constitutes a putative therapeutic target for obesity and related disorders.
Context-Aware Job Scheduling for Cloud Computing Environments (2012)

The more instrumented society is demanding smarter services to help coordinate daily activities and exceptional situations. Applications become sophisticated and context-aware as the pervasiveness of technology increases. In order to cope with resource limitations of mobile-based environments, it is a common practice to delegate processing intensive components to a Cloud Computing infrastructure. In this scenario, executions of server-based jobs are still dependent on the local variations of the end-user context. We claim that there is a need for an advanced model for smarter services that combines techniques of context awareness and adaptive job scheduling. This model aims at rationalising the resource utilisation in a Cloud Computing environment, while leading to significant improvement of quality of service. In this paper, we introduce such a model and describe its performance benefits through a combination of social and service simulations. We analyse the results by demonstrating gains in performance, quality of service, reduction of wasted jobs, and improvement of overall end-user experience.
Bimatoprost, Prostamide Activity, and Conventional Drainage (2007)

The findings indicate that bimatoprost interacts with a prostamide receptor in the trabecular meshwork to increase outflow facility.
DOCK2 is involved in the host genetics and biology of severe COVID-19 (2022)

Identifying the host genetic factors underlying severe COVID-19 is an emerging challenge<sup>1-5</sup>. Here we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) involving 2,393 cases of COVID-19 in a cohort of Japanese individuals collected during the initial waves of the pandemic, with 3,289 unaffected controls. We identified a variant on chromosome 5 at 5q35 (rs60200309-A), close to the dedicator of cytokinesis 2 gene (DOCK2), which was associated with severe COVID-19 in patients less than 65 years of age. This risk allele was prevalent in East Asian individuals but rare in Europeans, highlighting the value of genome-wide association studies in non-European populations. RNA-sequencing analysis of 473 bulk peripheral blood samples identified decreased expression of DOCK2 associated with the risk allele in these younger patients. DOCK2 expression was suppressed in patients with severe cases of COVID-19. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis (n = 61 individuals) identified cell-type-specific downregulation of DOCK2 and a COVID-19-specific decreasing effect of the risk allele on DOCK2 expression in non-classical monocytes. Immunohistochemistry of lung specimens from patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia showed suppressed DOCK2 expression. Moreover, inhibition of DOCK2 function with CPYPP increased the severity of pneumonia in a Syrian hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection, characterized by weight loss, lung oedema, enhanced viral loads, impaired macrophage recruitment and dysregulated type I interferon responses. We conclude that DOCK2 has an important role in the host immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the development of severe COVID-19, and could be further explored as a potential biomarker and/or therapeutic target.
La[sub 3]Ni[sub 2]Sn[sub 7] Ternary Intermetallic Phase for Lithium Insertion and Deinsertion (2005)

This paper presents a study on electrochemical performance and crystal structure of , a new anode material for rechargeable lithium ion battery. This compound showed a larger reversible capacity of than that of graphite anodes. Good cycle performance was observed during electrochemical charge-discharge reaction. X-ray diffraction revealed that lithium ion inserted into host without significant host-structural change and with small volumetric expansion of 0.4%. Accordingly, the good cycle performance is ascribable to the small volumetric change of the crystal lattice.
Development of a High Frequency/Power Three-Port SST Suitable for Solar PV/Battery Interface (2023)

In this paper, a three-port Solid State Transformer (SST) is proposed to integrate solar PV and battery in a grid-tie arrangement. Unlike other SSTs, the proposed system has three active ports that are connected via H-bridge inverters allowing bidirectional power flow. Each port is galvanically isolated and power sharing action is achieved by a single high frequency transformer. Different power flow profiles can easily be achieved. The system offers reduced size, weight and cost. However, the transformer design and power control is more complicated in terms of parasitic capacitance, leakage inductance, winding placement and three-way power control. The transformer design steps, control structure, design process, simulation and experimental results are provided for a 100 kW SST system.
Restricted C–C bond rotation in a solid measured by solid state NMR spectroscopy (1991)

1,1-Dibenzyl-2,2-dimethylpropan-1-ol 1 shows a coalescence phenomenon in its 13C solid state CP MAS NMR spectrum consistent with slowing of rotation of the tert-butyl group about the C(1)–C(2) bond with an activation energy of 13.1 kcal mol–1(1 cal = 4.184 J), 4 kcal mol–1 higher than in solution.
If you see something, swipe towards it (2013)

This paper presents iSee, a crowdsourced approach to detecting and localizing events in outdoor environments. Upon spotting an event, an iSee user only needs to swipe on her smartphone's touchscreen in the direction of the event. These swiping directions are often inaccurate and so are the compass measurements. Moreover, the swipes do not encode any notion of how far the event is located from the user, neither is the GPS location of the user accurate. Furthermore, multiple events may occur simultaneously and users do not explicitly indicate which events they are swiping towards. Nonetheless, as more users start contributing data, we show that our proposed system is able to quickly detect and estimate the locations of the events. We have implemented iSee on Android phones and have experimented in real-world settings by planting virtual "events" in our campus and asking volunteers to swipe on seeing one. Results show that iSee performs appreciably better than established triangulation and clustering-based approaches, in terms of localization accuracy, detection coverage, and robustness to sensor noise.
Criteria for x-ray superradiance (1977)

This paper develops a set of criteria for superradiant emission in x-ray systems. These new criteria, which must be satisfied in order to obtain efficient x-ray emission, are given in the form of simple inequalities in terms of experimental parameters.
Enhanced heat transfer in the entrance region of microchannels (1995)

A detailed heat transfer analysis has been performed on the data from previously-reported experiments (Rahman and Gui 1993) to investigate the characteristics of high-heat-flux (10{sup 6} W/m{sup 2}) microchannel cooling in electronic chips. The use of microchannel directly etched into a silicon wafer has shortened the cooling path and improved the performance by significantly minimizing the thickness of the heat transfer layer. Experimental convective heat transfer coefficients (up to 45 kW/m{sup 2} K) for low temperature single-phase flow was an order of magnitude higher than conventional heat transfer coefficients; and reached the level of two-phase boiling heat transfer. The flow and heat transfer modes and their transitions in the experiments were investigated. The influence of the microchannel passage geometry, fluid property variation, and the fluid flow mode on the local Nusselt number in the entrance region of the microchannel has been analyzed. The analysis indicates that the significant enhancement obtained in microchannel cooling results from four key aspects: a thinner thermal boundary layer, entry effects, the roughness of the channel, and strong pre-existing turbulence at the inlet. The preexisting turbulence delayed the formation of the thermal boundaries, thereby increasing the entry effects on heat transfer. The critical Re shifted frommore » 2,300 to 1,400 in microchannels, possibly due to the wall roughness which does not affect the Re{sub c} otherwise in normal size tubes.« less
Realtime Measurement of Stroke Volume -An Adaptive Monitoring System and Its Application - Echtzeitbestimmung des Schlagvolumens - Ein adaptives Monitoring- System und seine Anwendung im Bereich der Kreislaufforschung (1995)

A variety of monitoring systems is available for special fields of clinical application and scientific research. Whenever requirements change data acquisition and handling of signal analysis have to be adapted or even completely new structured, especially in real-time applications. This can be a time consuming procedure. In order to be able to focus on the development of algorithms without taking care how data are acquired a monitoring system has been developed which can be adjusted in terms of signal acquisition, analysis and user handling. New algorithms can be added and polygraphical presentation of results can be adjusted for special clinical requirements. As a specific application the online and real time calculation left ventricular ejection time (LVEJT), stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO), mean blood pressure and total peripheral resistance (TPRI) is presented.
Prognostic Value of Soluble ST2 in the Valsartan Heart Failure Trial (2014)

In this study, baseline sST2 was nonlinearly associated with patient outcomes but did not provide substantial prognostic information when added to a clinical prediction model that included N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide. An increase but not decrease in sST2 was independently associated with outcomes. Additional research is needed to determine whether monitoring ST2 levels can improve patient outcomes.
Hemoglobin-vesicles suspended in recombinant human serum albumin for resuscitation from hemorrhagic shock in anesthetized rats* (2004)

HbV suspended in recombinant human serum albumin provides restoration from hemorrhagic shock that is comparable with that using shed autologous blood.
Experimental study of coupling of low-frequency electromagnetic waves with plasma in strong magnetic field (2016)

Helicons (circularly-polarized electromagnetic waves) propagate in a plasma with density exceeded cut-off for its frequency, and provide effective energy delivery to plasma. Accordingly, helicon discharge is one of the most suitable way for production of high-density low-temperature plasma. Helicon plasma sources, operating in the MHz frequency range and respectively low magnetic fields (0.01-0.1 T), capable to create plasma with density up to 1013 cm−3. At the same time, next generation of linear plasma facilities for both for PMI studies and fusion applications requires production of plasma with density above this limit. Theoretical studies predict that such increasing of density can be achieved by application of powerful microwave sources of GHz range frequency. The aim of the presented experiments is experimental verification of theoretical predictions and search of conditions for effective delivery of electromagnetic power to plasma towards development of stationary source of dense plasma for linear facilities. Interaction of 2.45 GHz electromagnetic radiation with low-temperature plasma column, confined in a strong magnetic field, was studied on the GOL-3 facility. Plasma was created by external source (arc plasma gun) placed on the edge of the facility. Microwave power is transferred from moderate power (1.4 kW) magnetron source to o-ring antenna, separated from plasma column by quartz tube. Coupling of antenna with plasma (reflected-to-direct wave ratio) are measured for various magnetic fields in the facility. First results of the measurements are presented in the paper.
Impact of Infectious Disease Consultation on the Clinical and Economic Outcomes of Solid Organ Transplant Recipients Admitted for Infectious Complications (2014)

Infectious disease consultation in recipients of solid organ transplant is associated with increased LOS and hospitalization costs but decreased mortality and reduced rehospitalization rates. Early consultation with infectious disease specialists decreases healthcare resource utilization compared with delayed referrals.
Understanding the Surface Structure of LiMn2O4 Spinel Cathodes with Aberration-Corrected HAADF STEM and EELS (2015)

As global energy consumption continues to rise, the importance of energy storage becomes increasingly important. Energy density, rate-capability, and cyclability must continually improve. This constant struggle for advancement is seen most easily in the high-density, electrical energy storage market, which is dominated by lithium-ion batteries. One of the most promising chemistries in lithium-ion batteries is LiMn2O4 (LMO), a spinel cathode material which has the advantage of both a high energy density and a high rate capability, but this chemistry is plagued with cyclability problems. In the LMO system the main contributor to cycling degradation is the Mn disproportionation reaction (2Mn = Mn + Mn) which creates soluble Mn that is lost to solution. This loss of active material from LMO leads to capacity degradation. In order to understand exactly how LMO loses active material from its surface, it is crucial to determine the surface’s atomic structure. This is because the surface structure dictates how the electrolyte will interact with the cathode.
A comparison of solid, mesh, and segmented broad dipoles in biological environments (2017)

Solid and mesh broad dipole antennas (30 mm half-length at 2 GHz) show similar S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sub> and bandwidth in air, but the current is distributed differently. Further, when the mesh dipole is placed onto a conductive material (pork loin), the current distribution moves from edges toward the center, changing the overall performance of the antenna. Low conductivity, segmented dipoles are also presented showing an increase in resonant frequency from 3.4 GHz to 4.0 GHz as the segment gap increases from 0.1 mm to 0.3 mm. The segmentation also increases the bandwidth from 19% to 25%. The segmented dipole is placed onto conductive pork loin and resonant frequency decreases from 1.7 GHz to 1.1 GHz as the gap decreases from 0.3 mm to 0.1 mm.
Making Persistent Plastics Degradable (2023)

The vastness of the scale of the plastic waste problem will require a variety of strategies and technologies to move toward sustainable and circular materials. One of these strategies to address the challenge of persistent fossil-based plastics is new catalytic processes that are being developed to convert recalcitrant waste such as polyethylene to produce propylene, which can be an important precursor of high-performance polymers that can be designed to biodegrade or to degrade on demand. Remarkably, this process also enables the production of biodegradable polymers using renewable raw materials. In this Perspective, current catalyst systems and strategies that enable the catalytic degradation of polyethylene to propylene are presented. In addition, concepts for using "green" propylene as a raw material to produce compostable polymers is also discussed.
Texture changes in frozen cod mince measured by low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1997)

Studies were carried out on changes in water proton relaxation, Instron parameters, dimethylamine (DMA) content and sensory texture scores during storage of cod mince at -10°C, -20°C and -70°C. The longest transverse proton relaxation time measured by pulsed low-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy increased with temperature and duration of frozen storage. These variations in the NMR parameter paralleled changes observed with analytical methods commonly used for evaluating fish texture, ie Instron measurements, as well as dimethylamine and sensory analyses. It is concluded that the NMR method can be an alternative tool to study textural modifications of cod during frozen storage. © 1997 SCI.
Selfish Distributed Compression over Networks (2009)

We consider the min-cost multicast problem (under network coding) with multiple correlated sources where each terminal wants to losslessly reconstruct all the sources. This can be considered as the network generalization of the classical distributed source coding (Slepian-Wolf) problem. We study the inefficiency brought forth by the selfish behavior of the terminals in this scenario by modeling it as a noncooperative game among the terminals. The solution concept that we adopt for this game is the popular local Nash equilibrium (Waldrop equilibrium) adapted for the scenario with multiple sources. The degradation in performance due to the lack of regulation is measured by the price of anarchy (POA), which is defined as the ratio between the cost of the worst possible Waldrop equilibrium and the socially optimum cost. Our main result is that in contrast with the case of independent sources, the presence of source correlations can significantly increase the price of anarchy. Towards establishing this result we make several contributions. We characterize the socially optimal flow and rate allocation in terms of four intuitive conditions. This result is a key technical contribution of this paper and is of independent interest as well. Next, we show that the Waldrop equilibrium is a socially optimal solution for a different set of (related) cost functions. Using this, we construct explicit examples that demonstrate that the POA > 1 and determine near- tight upper bounds on the POA as well. The main techniques in our analysis are Lagrangian duality theory and the usage of the supermodularity of conditional entropy. Finally, all the techniques and results in this paper will naturally extend to a large class of network information flow problems where the Slepian-Wolf polytope is replaced by any contra-polymatroid (or more generally polymatroid-like set), leading to a nice class of succinct multi-player games and allow the investigation of other practical and meaningful scenarios beyond network coding as well.
Coking of Hydroprocessing Catalyst by Residue Fractions of Bitumen (1999)

The deposition of organic material, or coke, on hydroprocessing catalyst was studied using Athabasca bitumen vacuum residue (ABVB) and narrow fractions of ABVB, prepared by supercritical fluid extraction (SCFE) with n-pentane. The feed materials were diluted in a low-sulfur gas oil and hydroprocessed over a commercial NiMo/γ-Al2O3 catalyst in a 1 L continuous-stirred tank reactor at 440 °C. The coked catalysts were Soxhlet extracted with methylene chloride; then, carbon content, surface area, pore volume, and pore size were measured. Hydrodesulfurization activity was then measured using bitumen and dibenzothiophene as reactants.The SCFE fractions that contained only saturates, aromatics, and resins gave a low yield of carbon on the catalyst (<7.5 wt %). The asphaltene-rich fraction gave higher coke yields, both on the catalyst and in the reactor, and a lower H/C ratio than the lighter fractions. In the worst case with asphaltene-rich feed, over half of the surface area and pore volume of catalyst was lost due to coke deposition on the catalyst. HDS activity of the spent catalyst decreased monotonically with increasing carbon content on the catalyst. A portion of the carbonaceous material, or coke, on the catalyst was mobile and reactive at the conditions used for hydroprocessing of bitumen. The data suggested that this mobile adsorbed material had a significant impact on the observed activity of the catalyst.
Novel polarization reversal technique using liquid electrodes and LiNbO/sub 3/ substrates with patterned grooves (2004)

A new polarization-reversal technique was demonstrated where high voltage through liquid electrodes was applied to a 3-inch LiNbO/sub 3/ wafer grooved by sandblast machining. Domain wall movement was automatically terminated at groove boundary without feedback system.
Virtualization in the age of heterogeneous machines (2011)

Since their invention over 40 years ago, virtual machines have been used to virtualize one or more von Neumann processors and their associated peripherals. System virtual machines provide the illusion that the user has their own instance of a physical machine with a given instruction set architecture (ISA). Process virtual machines provide the illusion of running on a synthetic architecture independent of the underlying ISA, generally for the purpose of supporting a high-level language. To continue the historical trend of exponential increase in computational power in the face of limits on clock frequency scaling, we must find ways to harness the inherent parallelism of billions of transistors. I contend that multi-core chips are a fatally flawed approach - instead, maximum performance will be achieved by using heterogeneous chips and systems that combine customized and customizable computational substrates that achieve very high performance by closely matching the computational and communications structures of the application at hand. Such chips might look like a mashup of a conventional multicore, a GPU, an FPGA, some ASICs, and a DSP. But programming them with current technologies would be nightmarishly complex, portability would be lost, and innovation between chip generations would be severely limited. The answer (of course) is virtualization, and at both the device level and the language level. In this talk I will illustrate some challenges and potential solutions in the context of IBM's Liquid Metal project, in which we are designing a new high-level language (Lime) and compiler/runtime technology to virtualize the underlying computational devices by providing a uniform semantic model. I will also discuss problems (and opportunities) that this raises at the operating system and data center levels, particularly with computational elements like FPGAs for which "context switching" is currently either extremely expensive or simply impossible.
New Demonstration of Bistable Electrofluidic Display Pixels (2010)

A new bistable electrofluidic display pixel structure is demonstrated, which reveals high reflectance and fast switching speed as well.
System and method for plasmonic control of short pulses in optical fibers (2023)

The present disclosure relates to an optical waveguide system. The system may include a first waveguide having a core-guide and a material portion surrounding and encasing the core-guide. The core-guide enables a core-guide mode for an optical signal travelling through the core-guide. A second waveguide forms a lossy waveguide on an outer surface of the first waveguide. The construction of the second waveguide is such as to achieve a desired coupling between the core-guide mode and the lossy waveguide to control an energy level of the optical signal travelling through the core-guide.