gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Targeted Oral Delivery of Paclitaxel Using Colostrum-Derived Exosomes (2021)

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type accounting for 84% of all lung cancers. Paclitaxel (PAC) is a widely used drug in the treatment of a broad spectrum of human cancers, including lung. While efficacious, PAC generally is not well tolerated and its limitations include low aqueous solubility, and significant toxicity. To overcome the dose-related toxicity of solvent-based PAC, we utilized bovine colostrum-derived exosomes as a delivery vehicle for PAC for the treatment of lung cancer. Colostrum provided higher yield of exosomes and could be loaded with higher amount of PAC compared to mature milk. Exosomal formulation of PAC (ExoPAC) showed higher antiproliferative activity and inhibition of colony formation against A549 cells compared with PAC alone, and also showed antiproliferative activity against a drug-resistant variant of A549. To further enhance its efficacy, exosomes were attached with a tumor-targeting ligand, folic acid (FA). FA-ExoPAC given orally showed significant inhibition (>50%) of subcutaneous tumor xenograft while similar doses of PAC showed insignificant inhibition. In the orthotopic lung cancer model, oral dosing of FA-ExoPAC achieved greater efficacy (55% growth inhibition) than traditional i.v. PAC (24-32% growth inhibition) and similar efficacy as i.v. Abraxane (59% growth inhibition). The FA-ExoPAC given i.v. exceeded the therapeutic efficacy of Abraxane (76% growth inhibition). Finally, wild-type animals treated with <i>p.o.</i> ExoPAC did not show gross, systemic or immunotoxicity. Solvent-based PAC caused immunotoxicity which was either reduced or completely mitigated by its exosomal formulations. These studies show that a tumor-targeted oral formulation of PAC (FA-ExoPAC) significantly improved the overall efficacy and safety profile while providing a user-friendly, cost-effective alternative to bolus i.v. PAC and i.v. Abraxane.
Abstract 1896: Bioluminescent assays for investigating cell metabolism. (2013)

Abstract Cell metabolism is an important and expanding area of research in the field of cancer biology. Simple, rapid assays for studying cellular metabolic pathways, their enzymes, metabolites and cofactors can facilitate these studies. We have developed two novel bioluminescent technologies, one for monitoring cell viability, and the other for monitoring changes in cellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides, that can facilitate the study of cell metabolism and its regulation. The bioluminescent cell viability assay is based on the metabolic activity of live cells. Metabolically active cells reduce a proluminogenic substrate in vivo which is then detected by a luciferase enzyme in the media. The luminescence output is correlated with the number of viable cells. The assay is non-toxic, sensitive (detects less than 10 cells/well) and has a large dynamic range (S/B&amp;gt;100). The key, differentiating feature of this assay is the incorporation of the recently developed stable and very bright NanoLuc™ luciferase and its profurimazine substrate, which allows changes in viability to be monitored in real-time and continuously, over extended periods of time, from the same sample. Three homogeneous, one-step, bioluminescent assays have been developed for the detection of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides, specific for: (1) reduced forms NADH and NADPH, (2) non-phosphorylated forms NAD and NADH, and (3) phosphorylated forms NADP and NADPH. The assays are based on the reaction of the enzyme diaphorase with a proluciferin substrate, which in the presence of NADH or NADPH is converted to luciferin, a substrate for luciferase. These assays are sensitive (LOD ≤ 50 nM) and have large maximum signal windows (S/B &amp;gt; 100), two advantages over currently available colorimetric and fluorescent detection methods. They are also robust, and amenable to automated and high-throughput protocols (Z’ &amp;gt; 0.8). The high sensitivity, one-step reagent addition, and no requirement for sample processing, permit an in-well protocol for the assay of cells directly in culture plate wells. Changes in cellular NAD levels can be rapidly monitored, as demonstrated using FK866, an inhibitor of NAD biosynthesis. FK866 caused a decrease in NAD levels in multiple cell types with good signal windows (S/B &amp;gt; 10) and expected pharmacology (IC50 values = 1-10 nM). Citation Format: Donna Leippe, Mary Sobol, Sarah Duellman, Jolanta Vidugiriene, Wenhui Zhou, Gediminas Vidugiris, Troy Good, Laurent Bernad, Poncho Meisenheimer, James Cali. Bioluminescent assays for investigating cell metabolism. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1896. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1896
Secretion Genes as Determinants of Bacillus anthracis Chain Length (2012)

Bacillus anthracis grows in chains of rod-shaped cells, a trait that contributes to its escape from phagocytic clearance in host tissues. Using a genetic approach to search for determinants of B. anthracis chain length, we identified mutants with insertional lesions in secA2. All isolated secA2 mutants exhibited an exaggerated chain length, whereas the dimensions of individual cells were not changed. Complementation studies revealed that slaP (S-layer assembly protein), a gene immediately downstream of secA2 on the B. anthracis chromosome, is also a determinant of chain length. Both secA2 and slaP are required for the efficient secretion of Sap and EA1 (Eag), the two S-layer proteins of B. anthracis, but not for the secretion of S-layer-associated proteins or of other secreted products. S-layer assembly via secA2 and slaP contributes to the proper positioning of BslO, the S-layer-associated protein, and murein hydrolase, which cleaves septal peptidoglycan to separate chains of bacilli. SlaP was found to be both soluble in the bacterial cytoplasm and associated with the membrane. The purification of soluble SlaP from B. anthracis-cleared lysates did not reveal a specific ligand, and the membrane association of SlaP was not dependent on SecA2, Sap, or EA1. We propose that SecA2 and SlaP promote the efficient secretion of S-layer proteins by modifying the general secretory pathway of B. anthracis to transport large amounts of Sap and EA1.
10.9-mJ single-frequency diode-pumped Q-switched Er,Yb:glass laser for a coherent Doppler lidar (2001)

A coherent Doppler lidar is a useful sensor for wind velocity detection in clear air condition. A stable single frequency and relatively long Q-switched pulse width (~200 nsec order) in eye-safe wavelength range (>1.4 ?m) is required for a composed pulsed laser. For these requirements, we have developed an injection-seeded diode-pumped Q-switched Er,Yb:glass laser which oscillates at 1.54 ?m. The maximum laser output energy of 10.9 mJ and the pulse width of 228 nsec were obtained. A stability of the pulsed laser output frequency was less than +/-1.9 MHz standard deviation from the seeded light frequency.
Correction to Structure, Sodium Ion Role, and Practical Issues for β-alumina as a High-k Solution-Processed Gate Layer for Transparent and Low-Voltage Electronics (2014)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionCorrection to Structure, Sodium Ion Role, and Practical Issues for β-alumina as a High-k Solution-Processed Gate Layer for Transparent and Low-Voltage ElectronicsBo Zhang, Yu Liu, Shweta Agarwala, Mingling Yeh, and Howard E. Katz*Cite this: ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2014, 6, 9, 6991Publication Date (Web):April 23, 2014Publication History Published online23 April 2014Published inissue 14 May 2014https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/am502139yhttps://doi.org/10.1021/am502139ycorrectionACS PublicationsCopyright © 2014 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views332Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (102 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Neural Network based Decentralized Excitation Control of Large Scale Power Systems (2006)

This paper presents a neural network (NN) based decentralized excitation controller design for large scale power systems. The proposed controller design considers not only the dynamics of generators but also the algebraic constraints of the power flow equations. The control signals are calculated using only local signals. The transient stability and the coordination of the subsystem controllers can be guaranteed. NNs are used to approximate the unknown/imprecise dynamics of the local power system and the interconnections. All signals in the closed loop system are guaranteed to be uniformly ultimately bounded (UUB). Simulation results with a 3-machine power system demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller design.
Gridless ionized metal flux fraction measurement tool for use in ionized physical vapor deposition studies (1999)

Ionized physical vapor deposition is a technique for sputtering metal into small trenches, by ionizing sputtered metal atoms so that their trajectories can be controlled by electric fields. To this date no one has quantified exactly what fraction of the metal vapor is ionized, although the trends of how ionization varies with input parameters is known. This article describes and demonstrates a new quartz crystal microbalance design, which can be used to measure the ionized metal flux fraction arriving at the substrate location. Instead of using grids to repel ions as similar devices do, this analyzer works by applying a voltage bias to the front surface of the crystal in order to repel ions. A magnetic field adjacent to the face limits electron current to the microbalance, minimizing its perturbation of the plasma. The measurement tool described in this article does not suffer from complications caused by placing grids in front of the monitor and is an attractive method for characterizing ionized physical vapor deposition systems. Ion and neutral metal fluxes as a function of ionizer power are presented for an argon/copper discharge.
Single-Carrier FDMA or Cyclic-Prefix CDMA With Optimized Spreading Sequences? (2008)

To meet the data rate and quality-of-service requirements of the future cellular systems, new air interfaces are currently under development. In this paper, we compare two air interfaces of particular interest for the uplink: (1) cyclic-prefix code-division multiple access (CP-CDMA), which has been proposed in the literature as an evolution of direct-sequence code-division multiple access (DS-CDMA) because it enables the low-complexity equalization of the multipath channel in the frequency domain, and (2) single-carrier frequency-division multiple access (SC-FDMA), which has recently been proposed in the long-term evolution of the Third-Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standard because it enables the easy separation of users in the frequency domain. We analytically demonstrate that SC-FDMA is a special case of CP-CDMA, in which the CDMA codes have been optimized to minimize symbol estimation mean square error under a constraint of received power. Numerical results confirm that SC-FDMA significantly outperforms CP-CDMA at high user loads.
RxIP: Monitoring the health of home wireless networks (2012)

Deploying home access points (AP) is hard. Untrained users typically purchase, install, and configure a home AP with very little awareness of wireless signal coverage and complex interference conditions. We envision a future of autonomous wireless network management that uses the Internet as an enabling technology. By leveraging a P2P architecture over wired Internet connections, nearby APs can coordinate to manage their shared wireless spectrum, especially in the face of network-crippling faults. As a specific instance of this architecture, we build RxIP, a network diagnostic and recovery tool, initially targeted towards hidden terminal mitigation. Our stable, in-kernel implementation demonstrates that APs in real home settings can detect hidden interferers, and agree on a mutually beneficial channel access strategy. Consistent throughput and fairness gains with TCP traffic and in-home micro-mobility confirm the viability of the system. We believe that using RxIP to address other network deficiencies opens a rich area for further research, helping to ensure that smarter homes of the future embed smarter networks. In the near term, with the wireless and entertainment industries poised for home-centric wireless gadgets, RxIP-type home management systems will become increasingly relevant.
Reduced expression of AP27 protein, the product of a growth factor-repressible gene, is associated with diminished adipocyte differentiation. (1992)

We have recently characterized an adipocyte cDNA (clone 5) that is enhanced in expression by environmental and hormonal conditions favoring adipogenic differentiation. Moreover, certain agents including fibroblast growth factor and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (but not epidermal growth factor) markedly inhibit clone 5 gene expression and prevent TA1 cell differentiation. These results led us to propose that a threshold level of the clone 5 gene product (AP27 protein) is required for triggering adipocyte differentiation. We have constructed vectors that direct the synthesis of clone 5 antisense RNA to reduce the levels of AP27 in adipogenic cell lines TA1 and 3T3-L1. We show here that when these cells express clone 5 antisense RNA, they fail to undergo morphological differentiation, whereas adipogenesis is unaffected in cells expressing antisense beta-actin or ferritin heavy-chain RNA. We further show that cells expressing clone 5 antisense RNA (but not the other antisense RNAs) are unable to induce the expression of characteristic "adipocyte-specific" mRNAs. The level of inhibition of differentiation by clone 5 antisense RNA correlates with decreased levels of AP27 protein. These results provide strong evidence that expression of AP27 is linked to adipogenic differentiation and that AP27 may be a component of an as-yet-uncharacterized signal-transduction pathway required for the triggering of adipocyte differentiation.
A Distributed Steered Response Power Approach to Source Localization in Wireless Acoustic Sensor Networks (2022)

In wireless acoustic sensor networks (WASNs), the conventional steered response power (SRP) approach to source localization requires each node to transmit its microphone signal to a fusion center. As an alternative, this paper proposes two different fusion strategies for local, single-node SRP maps computed using only the microphone pairs within a node. In the first fusion strategy, we sum all single-node SRP maps in a fusion center, requiring less communication than the conventional SRP approach because the single-node SRP maps typically have less parameters than the raw microphone signals. In the second fusion strategy, the single-node SRP maps are distributively averaged without using a fusion center, requiring communication amongst connected nodes only. Simulations show that we achieve a good trade-off between communicational load and localization performance.
Partial FFT Demodulation: A Detection Method for Doppler Distorted OFDM Systems (2010)

In mobile OFDM systems, such as underwater acoustic and digital video broadcasting (DVB) systems, time variation causes severe inter-carrier interference (ICI) which limits data detection performance.To address this problem, a signal processing strategy using several partial-interval FFTs instead of a conventional full-interval single FFT is proposed.Weighted combining of the partial FFT outputs coupled with standard OFDM processing, allows high performance symbol-by-symbol detection even in highly time-varying channels.Numerical examples show performance gains of several dB over a conventional receiver, thus indicating that an order of magnitude reduction in BER is achievable at a minimal increase in complexity.
Circulating Candidate Biomarkers in Giant Cell Tumors of Bone (2018)

By using a noninvasive technique, we identified differentially abundant serum candidate biomarkers, also providing prognostic information in patients with GCT of bone.
RepulsionPak: Deformation-Driven Element Packing with Repulsion Forces (2018)

We present a method to fill a container shape with deformable instances of geometric elements selected from a library, creating a 2D artistic composition called an element packing. Each element is represented as a mass-spring system, allowing them to deform to achieve a better fit with their neighbours and the container. We start with an initial random placement of small elements and gradually transform them using repulsion forces that trade off between the evenness of the packing and the deformations of the individual elements. Our method produces compositions in which the negative space between elements is approximately uniform in width, similar to real-world examples created by artists. We validate our approach by performing a quantitative study using spatial statistics.
Noninvasive measurements of cavity parameters by use of squeezed vacuum (2006)

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a method for noninvasive measurements of cavity parameters by injection of squeezed vacuum into an optical cavity. The principle behind this technique is the destruction of the correlation between upper and lower quantum sidebands with respect to the carrier frequency when the squeezed field is incident on the cavity. This method is especially useful for ultrahigh-$Q$ cavities, such as whispering-gallery-mode cavities, in which absorption and scattering by light-induced nonlinear processes inhibit precise measurements of the cavity parameters. We show that the linewidth of a test cavity is measured to be $\ensuremath{\gamma}=844\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}40\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{kHz}$, which agrees with the classically measured linewidth of the cavity within the uncertainty $(\ensuremath{\gamma}=856\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}34\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{kHz})$.
Lung Cell Atlases in Health and Disease (2022)

The human lung cellular portfolio, traditionally characterized by cellular morphology and individual markers, is highly diverse, with over 40 cell types and a complex branching structure highly adapted for agile airflow and gas exchange. While constant during adulthood, lung cellular content changes in response to exposure, injury, and infection. Some changes are temporary, but others are persistent, leading to structural changes and progressive lung disease. The recent advance of single-cell profiling technologies allows an unprecedented level of detail and scale to cellular measurements, leading to the rise of comprehensive cell atlas styles of reporting. In this review, we chronical the rise of cell atlases and explore their contributions to human lung biology in health and disease.
High-efficiency and low-loss gallium nitride dielectric metasurfaces for nanophotonics at visible wavelengths (2017)

The dielectric nanophotonics research community is currently exploring transparent material platforms (e.g., TiO2, Si3N4, and GaP) to realize compact high efficiency optical devices at visible wavelengths. Efficient visible-light operation is key to integrating atomic quantum systems for future quantum computing. Gallium nitride (GaN), a III-V semiconductor which is highly transparent at visible wavelengths, is a promising material choice for active, nonlinear, and quantum nanophotonic applications. Here, we present the design and experimental realization of high efficiency beam deflecting and polarization beam splitting metasurfaces consisting of GaN nanostructures etched on the GaN epitaxial substrate itself. We demonstrate a polarization insensitive beam deflecting metasurface with 64% and 90% absolute and relative efficiencies. Further, a polarization beam splitter with an extinction ratio of 8.6/1 (6.2/1) and a transmission of 73% (67%) for p-polarization (s-polarization) is implemented to demonstrate the broad functionality that can be realized on this platform. The metasurfaces in our work exhibit a broadband response in the blue wavelength range of 430–470 nm. This nanophotonic platform of GaN shows the way to off- and on-chip nonlinear and quantum photonic devices working efficiently at blue emission wavelengths common to many atomic quantum emitters such as Ca+ and Sr+ ions.
Restoration of Vision After Brain Injury Using Magnet Glasses (2016)

Visual impairments are common after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and negatively affect quality of life. We describe a 39-year-old woman with a severe TBI who was evaluated by the inpatient optometry and vision rehabilitation service with findings of complete right homonymous hemianopia and right cranial nerve III palsy with 30-degree right exotropia (eye turn out) and complete right ptosis (eyelid will not open). The 30-degree exotropia advantageously generated 30 degrees of right visual field expansion when the right ptosis was treated with a magnetic levator prosthesis, which restores eyelid opening. Once opened, the patient used visual field expansion derived from a right exotropia to overcome functional impairments caused by right hemianopia. Field expansion improved the patient's wheelchair mobility and reaching tasks during inpatient therapy. This is the first report of visual field expansion by strabismus facilitated by correction of ptosis. Strabismus should be considered for its potential field expansion benefits when homonymous visual deficits are present, before considering patching. A multidisciplinary vision rehabilitation team is well suited to make this determination.