gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prostaglandin E Receptor EP4 Antagonist Suppresses Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Osteoclast Formation and Inflammatory Bone Loss (2007)

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is mainly produced by osteoblasts in bone tissue, and acts as a potent stimulator of bone resorption. In osteoblasts, PGE2 production was greatly stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) following the expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and membrane-bound PGE synthase (mPGES)-1 mRNA. In the coculture of mouse bone marrow cells and osteoblasts, LPS induced PGE production and osteoclast formation, and EP4 antagonist completely suppressed osteoclast formation, indicating that the PGE2-mediated EP4 signal is essential for LPS-induced osteoclast formation. Inflammatory bone diseases including periodontitis are known to be accompanied by bone loss with increased osteoclastogenesis. To examine the role of EP4-mediated PGE2 action in periodontitis, we examined the effects of EP4 antagonist on LPS-induced bone resorption using mouse alveolar bone. In an organ culture of alveolar bone, LPS-induced bone resorbing activity and EP4 antagonist suppressed this LPS-induced bone resorption. In an experimental model of periodontitis, LPS was injected into the lower gingiva, and the bone mineral density of alveolar bone was measured. LPS-induced the loss of alveolar bone, which was recovered by the treatment with EP4 antagonist in vivo. Therefore, EP4 antagonist is a possible candidate for the therapy of inflammatory bone disease including periodontitis.
Thermoluminescence and photoluminescence study of nanocrystalline Ba0.97Ca0.03SO4 : Eu (2007)

Nanocrystalline Ba0.97Ca0.03SO4 : Eu having a grain size of 58 nm has been prepared and a comparative study has been done with its corresponding microcrystalline form. The thermoluminescence (TL) glow curve of the nanophosphor has a prominent peak at 161 °C and a very small hump at 225 °C. The TL sensitivity of the nanophosphor is about 0.1 times that of the microphosphor. Kinetics parameters of the TL peaks of the nanophosphor are obtained and are compared with those of the microphosphor. The TL response of the nanophosphor is linear in the dose range 1 Gy–20 KGy, which is much wider than that of its corresponding microcrystalline form. The glow curve shape and structure also do not change in the linear dose range and, since the TL response is linear at higher doses, the nanophosphor is quite well suited for high dose measurements. Photoluminescence emission spectra of the nano- and the microphosphors are also studied and their results correlated with other experimental findings.
Abstract 1600: Chemoprevention of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced hamster cheek pouch carcinogenesis by topical garcinol through inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase (2012)

Abstract Oral cancer is a common malignancy occurring in developing countries, and remains problematic due to lack of effective strategies of prevention and treatment. Our previous studies have shown that aberrant arachidonic acid metabolism, especially the 5-lipoxygenase (5-Lox) pathway, is involved in oral carcinogenesis, and can be targeted for cancer prevention. In order to develop potent topical agents for oral cancer chemoprevention, five known 5-Lox inhibitors from dietary and synthetic sources were evaluated for their potential efficacy when topically applied on the oral epithelium. Garcinol, a polyisoprenylated benzophenone from the fruit rind of Garcinia spp., was found to be the most promising agent based on our calculation of a theoretical activity index. In a short-term study on 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-treated hamster cheek pouch, topical garcinol suppressed leukotriene B4 (LTB4) biosynthesis and inhibited inflammation and cell proliferation in the oral epithelium. In a long-term carcinogenesis study, topical garcinol significantly reduced the size of visible tumors, the number of cancer lesions, cell proliferation, and LTB4 biosynthesis. Furthermore, computer modeling showed that garcinol well fit the active site of 5-Lox, and inhibited enzyme activity through possible interactions between the phenolic hydroxyl groups and the non-heme catalytic iron. These results demonstrated that topical garcinol exerts its chemopreventive effect on DMBA-induced hamster cheek pouch carcinogenesis by inhibiting 5-Lox, inflammation and cell. Chemical modifications of garcinol may produce more potent 5-Lox inhibitors for topical use in oral cancer chemoprevention. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1600. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1600
Wilson's Disease (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction to the Disease Therapeutics of Wilson's Disease References
Doubling Dose Escalation of Albuterol Aerosol via High-Flow Nasal Cannula in Adult Patients With Obstructive Airway Disease (2018)

Background:There is increasing interest in administration of aerosol to patients requiring oxygen via high flow nasal cannula (HFNC). In vitro and radiolabeled in vivo studies concur that aerosol delivery decreases at higher flows (as low as 2.2% at 50 L/min) raising the question of what dose would achieve a clinically relevant bronchodilator response. Our objective was to administer doubling doses of albuterol to identify the maximum bronchodilator response in subjects who previously demonstrated response to bronchodilator in the PFT lab per ATS/ERS criteria. Methods:This study was approved by ethical committees at People's Hospital of Xinjiang, China and Rush University, Chicago and registered in clinicaltrial.gov (NCT03091504). Ambulatory subjects with obstructive lung disease who demonstrated bronchodilator response per ATS/ERS criteria were recruited to return after a washout period >24 hours to inhale doubling doses of albuterol delivered by mesh nebulizer (Aerogen Solo) via heated HFNC (Fisher & Paykel) at 50 L/min. Dose of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 mg, diluted to 2 mL, was administered at 10-15mins interval. Spirometry was performed at baseline and after each dose. Dose escalation continued until FEV1 improvement was less than 5%. Results:42 subjects (15 male) with asthma (29) and COPD (13) were consented and completed study. Screening post bronchodilator FEV1 using MDI with valved holding chamber (VHC) at (mean ± SD) was 2.29 ± 0.72 L, After inhaling 0.5mg and 1.0mg of albuterol, FEV1 increased from 2.0 ± .66 L (baseline) to 2.23 ± .67 L (p < 0.01) and 2.34 ± . 7 L (p < 0.01), respectively, which was greater than post MDI+ VHC (P= 0.018). Eight subjects met termination criteria at 1.5mg. The remaining 34 subjects' FEV1 continued to increase slightly with cumulative 3.5mg dose, representing their max bronchodilator response (2.30 ± .68 vs 2.34 ± .69, p < 0.01). In a subset of COPD subjects, FEV1 stopped increasing at 3.5mg (1.99 ± .56 vs 2.04 ± .55, P=0.057). No serious adverse events were observed. Conclusions:Despite reported low inhaled dose efficiency (2.2%) with HFNC at 50 L/min, albuterol dose of 1.5 mg via HFNC produced improvements in FEV1 exceeding ATS/ERS definition of bronchodilator response in stable asthma and COPD patients. Maximal bronchodilator response occurred between doses of 1.5 and 3.5 mg.
A case study of teaching presence in virtual problem-based learning groups (2006)

Interest in conducting problem-based learning (PBL) on-line has increased to meet student and physician schedules. Little research describes skills needed to facilitate PBL on-line. In this paper we studied teaching presence in asynchronous PBL groups. Two raters, with average inter-rater agreements of 0.80, used an existing code to measure teaching presence in 62 PBL case discussions facilitated by one instructor over five years. This instructor was selected because of consistently high teaching evaluations. Messages sent by the instructor in the on-line PBL discussion were coded into three categories: instructional design and organization, facilitating discourse and direct instruction. Instructional design indicators were most frequent averaging 22.5 (SD = 5.6)/discussion. Facilitating discourse and direct instruction were comparable, 19.5(SD = 7.4) and 19.5 (SD = 6.7), respectively. Messages and indicators of teacher presence rose across time with a decline during subsequent PBL cases with the same group.
PglB function and glycosylation efficiency is temperature dependent when the pgl locus is integrated in the Escherichia coli chromosome (2022)

We determined that glycosylation is temperature dependent and that for the combination of heptasaccharide and carriers used in this study, the level of PglB available for glycosylation is a step limiting factor in the glycosylation reaction. We also demonstrated that temperature affects the ability of PglB to glycosylate its substrates in an in vitro glycosylation assay independent of its transcriptional level.
Polarization-independent and fast-response phase modulators using double-layered liquid crystal gels (2006)

A polarization-independent phase modulator using two thin homogeneously stratified but orthogonally oriented liquid crystal (LC) gels is demonstrated. In addition to polarization independence and submillisecond response time, the LC gel possesses a much larger phase change and lower operating voltage than the nanosized polymer-dispersed liquid crystal. For a 16μm transmissive E48 LC gel, the phase shift exceeds 1π at λ=633nm with an electric field strength of ∼11Vrms∕μm. Potential applications of such a phase modulator for laser beam steering, microlens array, and switchable two- and three-dimensional LC displays are foreseeable.
Nonlinear Optics: feature issue introduction (2020)

This joint issue of Optics Express and Optical Materials Express features 18 state-of-the art articles that witness actual developments in nonlinear optics, including those by authors who participated in the international conference Nonlinear Optics held in Waikoloa, Hawaii from July 15 to 19, 2019. As an introduction, the editors provide a summary of these articles that cover all aspects of nonlinear optics, from basic nonlinear effects and novel frequency windows to innovative nonlinear materials and devices, thereby paving the way for new nonlinear optical concepts and forthcoming applications.
Supercritical Fluids as Replacements for Conventional Organic Solvents (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The +CAL Algorithm Language (2006)

Algorithms are different from programs and should not be described with programming languages. For example, algorithms are usually best described in terms of mathematical objects like sets and graphs instead of the primitive objects like bytes and integers provided by programming languages. +CAL is an algorithm language based on TLA+. A +CAL algorithm is translated to a TLA+ specification that can then be checked with the TLC model checker.
SINGLE-MODE OPTOFLUIDIC DISTRIBUTED FEEDBACK DYE LASER (2014)

Recently, several groups have demonstrated on-chip liquid dye lasers using different materials and laser cavity geometries [1-3]. Such lasers allow the integration of coherent light sources with other microfluidic and optical functionalities, and are of great interest for making fully functional “lab-on-a-chip ” systems. However, the lack of both transverse
Characterization of a Novel Filarial Serine Protease Inhibitor, Ov-SPI-1, from Onchocerca volvulus, with Potential Multifunctional Roles during Development of the Parasite (2005)

A novel filarial serine protease inhibitor (SPI) from the human parasitic nematode Onchocerca volvulus, Ov-SPI-1, was identified through the analysis of a molting third-stage larvae expressed sequence tag dataset. Subsequent analysis of the expressed sequence tag datasets of O. volvulus and other filariae identified four other members of this family. These proteins are related to the low molecular weight SPIs originally isolated from Ascaris suum where they are believed to protect the parasite from host intestinal proteases. The two Ov-spi transcripts are up-regulated in the molting larvae and adult stages of the development of the parasite. Recombinant Ov-SPI-1 is an active inhibitor of serine proteases, specifically elastase, chymotrypsin, and cathepsin G. Immunolocalization of the Ov-SPI proteins demonstrates that the endogenous proteins are localized to the basal layer of the cuticle of third-stage, molting third-stage, and fourth-stage larvae, the body channels and multivesicular bodies of third-stage larvae and the processed material found between the two cuticles during molting. In O. volvulus adult worms the Ov-SPI proteins are localized to the sperm and to eggshells surrounding the developing embryos. RNA interference targeting the Ov-spi genes resulted in the specific knockdown of the transcript levels of both Ov-spi-1 and Ov-spi-2, a loss of native proteins, and a significant reduction in both molting and viability of third-stage larvae. We suggest the Ov-SPI proteins play a vital role in nematode molting by controlling the activity of an endogenous serine protease(s). The localization data in adults also indicate that these inhibitors may be involved in other processes such as embryogenesis and spermatogenesis.
Optical and electrical characterizations of micro-LEDs grown on lower defect density epitaxial layers (2021)

We have fabricated μLEDs of mesa sizes 10 × 10 and 15 × 15 μm2 on native (2021¯) semipolar substrates and on epitaxial lateral overgrown (ELO) wings of the (2021¯) substrate. The ELO μLEDs exhibited very low leakage current (less than 10−10 A) under forward bias (V &amp;lt; 2 V) and at reverse bias voltages, which was a reduction in several orders of magnitude when compared with planar μLEDs under the same fabrication and sidewall passivation scheme. Electrical characterization revealed that the mesa sidewall is less damaged in plasma dry etching in the ELO μLEDs due to a lower material defect density than the planar μLEDs. Moreover, the ELO μLEDs showed improved optical performance over the planar μLEDs.
Association of Human Protein-tyrosine Phosphatase κ with Members of the Armadillo Family (1996)

We have identified a human receptor-like protein-tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) in the mammary carcinoma cell line SK-BR-3, which represents the human homolog of murine PTPkappa (Jiang, Y.-P., Wang, H., D'Eustachio, P., Musacchio, J. M., Schlessinger, J., and Sap, J. (1993) Mol. Cell. Biol. 13, 2942-2951) and was therefore termed hPTPkappa. We show here that hPTPkappa expression is dependent on cell density and find it colocalized with two members of the arm family of proteins, beta-catenin and gamma-catenin/plakoglobin, at adherens junctions. Using both in vitro and in vivo binding assays, we demonstrate specific complex formation between endogenous hPTPkappa and beta- and gamma-catenin/plakoglobin. In addition, we present evidence that suggests that beta-catenin may represent a substrate for the catalytic activity of hPTPkappa. The identification of specific binding partners for this receptor-like PTP provides insight into the mechanisms of its biological action and suggests a role for hPTPkappa in the regulation of processes involving cell contact and adhesion such as growth control, tumor invasion, and metastasis.
A New Catalytic Route for the Oxidative Halogenation of Cyclic Enol Ethers using Tungstate Exchanged on Takovite (2005)

Abstract An efficient and benign method for the regio‐ and stereoselective synthesis of halohydrins and β‐halo ethers from dihydropyrans, dihydrofurans and anhydro sugars in the presence of a halide salt and hydrogen peroxide is presented with tungstate‐exchanged takovite as oxidation catalyst.
Supramolecular Organization of the Repetitive Backbone Unit of the Streptococcus pneumoniae Pilus (2010)

Streptococcus pneumoniae, like many other Gram-positive bacteria, assembles long filamentous pili on their surface through which they adhere to host cells. Pneumococcal pili are formed by a backbone, consisting of the repetition of the major component RrgB, and two accessory proteins (RrgA and RrgC). Here we reconstruct by transmission electron microscopy and single particle image reconstruction method the three dimensional arrangement of two neighbouring RrgB molecules, which represent the minimal repetitive structural domain of the native pilus. The crystal structure of the D2-D4 domains of RrgB was solved at 1.6 A resolution. Rigid-body fitting of the X-ray coordinates into the electron density map enabled us to define the arrangement of the backbone subunits into the S. pneumoniae native pilus. The quantitative fitting provide evidence that the pneumococcal pilus consists uniquely of RrgB monomers assembled in a head-to-tail organization. The presence of short intra-subunit linker regions connecting neighbouring domains provides the molecular basis for the intrinsic pilus flexibility.
Transmission Beyond 200 Gbit/s With IM/DD System for Campus and Intra-Datacenter Network Applications (2021)

Intensity modulation and direct detection (IM/DD) with pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) is a cost-effective option for intra- and inter-data center (DC) applications. Due to current demand on DC data traffic, transmission rates beyond 200 Gbit/s/λ are desirable. However, employing commercially available lower bandwidth components introduces severe inter-symbol interference (ISI). In addition, to achieving highspeed data rates, digital signal processing (DSP) schemes like Tomlinson-Harashima precoding (THP) and decision feedback equalizer (DFE) can increase tolerance against ISI. In this letter, we show an experimental comparison of PAM-4, PAM-6 and PAM-8 modulation formats with and without THP on the transmitter-side and Volterra nonlinear equalizer (VNLE) on the receiver-side. We provide also results with and without duobinary (DB) encoding on the transmitter side and DFE on the receiver side. The experiment is conducted using an O-band electroabsorption modulated laser over transmission distances up to 20 km.
Diagnostik der akuten Lungenembolie: Vergleich zwischen Spiral-CT und DSA im Tierexperiment (1995)

Helical CT as less invasive modality is competitive with DSA in demonstration of central pulmonary emboli. However, CT imaging of peripheral pulmonary emboli requires optimal bolus timing.
Oxytocin- and Vasopressin-Binding Sites in the Rat Uterus: Competition Binding and Inhibitory pA2Studies with Oxytocin and Oxytocin Antagonists* (1990)

Recent reports have presented evidence suggesting that there are distinct oxytocin (OT) and vasopressin (VP) receptors in the human and rabbit myometrium. In this study we have investigated whether OT and arginine vasopressin (AVP) activate the same or two different receptor systems in the rat uterus in producing their uterotonic action and whether the myometrial OT/VP receptors are similar to the V1 receptors in the vascular smooth muscle cells. We compared the dose-response characteristics of OT and AVP by the in vitro cumulative dose-response curve technique. We determined the ligand-receptor binding characteristics of [3H]OT and [3H]AVP on uterine membrane fractions from nonpregnant and pregnant rats. Specific OT antagonists were used in competition receptor binding assays and in antioxytocic pA2 bioassays against OT and AVP to determine whether OT antagonists can discriminate between OT- and AVP-binding sites in the myometrium. We also compared the in vitro antioxytocic (OT receptor-mediated action) and the in vivo antivasopressor (V1 receptor-mediated action) potencies of a series of six OT antagonists. Our results show that OT- and AVP-binding sites in the nonpregnant rat uterus have similar binding characteristics and cannot be distinguished by the dose-response study, radioligand receptor binding assays, or OT antagonists in the competition binding and pA2 assays. However, in the term pregnant parturient uterus, the two binding sites can be clearly differentiated. OT receptor density, but not AVP, was markedly increased at term pregnancy. All six OT antagonists studied in this investigation were more potent in antagonizing the uterotonic response to OT than the vasopressor response to AVP. The antioxytocic:antivasopressor potency ratios, however, were different between the antagonists, ranging from nearly equal (0.91) to low (0.1). The results above suggest that there are distinct OT- and AVP-binding sites in the rat myometrium. The myometrial OT/AVP receptors are similar to but not the same as the V1 receptors in the vascular smooth muscle cells.
Performance Evaluation of Next-Generation Elastic Backhaul with Flexible VCSEL-based WDM Fronthaul (2017)

We experimentally demonstrate that 5G network stringent delay and bandwidth requirements can be satisfied adopting a novel optical network architecture, utilising flexible optical time slot switching, programmable optical interfaces and VCSEL-based WDM technologies, in a city-based field trial.
Bioactivation of 2,3-Diaminopyridine-Containing Bradykinin B1 Receptor Antagonists:  Irreversible Binding to Liver Microsomal Proteins and Formation of Glutathione Conjugates (2005)

The 2,3-diaminopyridine (DAP) moiety was found to represent a core structure essential for the potency of a new series of human bradykinin B(1) receptor antagonists. However, incubation of (14)C-labeled 2,3-DAP derivatives with rat and human liver microsomes resulted in substantial irreversible binding of radioactive material to macromolecules by a process that was NADPH-dependent. Trapping the reactive species with GSH led to significant reduction of the irreversible binding of radioactivity, with concomitant formation of abundant GSH adducts. One type of thiol adducts (detected in both human and rat liver microsomes), resulting from addition of 305 Da to the parent compound, was observed with all 2,3-DAP compounds. These adducts also were detected in rat hepatocyte incubates, as well as in rat bile, following intravenous administration of 2,3-DAPs. Formation of the conjugates appeared to involve modification of the DAP ring, based upon mass spectral analysis of a number of representative GSH adducts; this was corroborated by detailed LC NMR analysis of one compound. Formation of this type of GSH conjugate was markedly reduced when the 2-amino methyl group linking the 2,3-DAP and the biphenyl moiety was replaced with an ether oxygen atom. It is postulated, therefore, that oxidation of the 2-amino group serves as a key step leading to the formation of reactive species associated with the DAP core. In addition, this step appears to be mediated primarily by P450 3A, as evidenced by the marked decrease in both the irreversible binding of radioactivity and the formation of the GSH adducts in human liver microsomes following treatment with ketoconazole and monoclonal antibodies against P450 3A. A mechanism for the bioactivation of 2,3-DAP is proposed wherein oxidation (dehydrogenation or N-hydroxylation followed by dehydration) of the 2-amino group, catalyzed by P450 3A, results in the formation of a highly electrophilic species, pyridine-2,3-diimine.
Capacitance-voltage characteristics of alternating-current thin-film electroluminescent devices (1990)

The capacitance-voltage (C-V) technique is proposed as a method for characterization of the electrical properties of alternating-current thin-film electroluminescent (ACTFEL) display devices. Analysis of the C-V and aging characteristics of ZnS:Mn ACTFEL devices indicates that the C-V technique is complementary to the charge-voltage technique in the extraction of device physics information.