gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Information Flow Decomposition for Network Coding (2004)

The famous min-cut, max-flow theorem states that a source node can send a commodity through a network to a sink node at the rate determined by the flow of the min-cut separating the source and the sink. Recently it has been shown that by linear re-encoding at nodes in communications networks, the min-cut rate can be also achieved in multicasting to several sinks. Constructing such coding schemes efficiently is the subject of current research. The main idea in this paper is the identification of structural properties of multicast configurations, by decompositing the information flows into a minimal number of subtrees. This decomposition allows us to show that very different networks are equivalent from the coding point of view, and offers a method to identify such equivalence classes. It also allows us to divide the network coding problem into two almost independent problems: one of graph theory and the other of classical channel coding theory. This approach to network coding enables us to derive tight bounds on the network code alphabet size and calculate the throughput improvement network coding can offer for different configurations. But perhaps the most significant strength of our approach concerns future network coding practice. Namely, we propose algorithms to specify the coding operations at network nodes without the knowledge of the overall network topology. Such decentralized designs facilitate the construction of codes which can easily accommodate future changes in the network, e.g., addition of receivers and loss of links. theorem.
Bendamustine and rituximab in combination with lenalidomide in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (2015)

BRL was associated with a high toxicity rate, a high number of treatment interruptions, and a low remission rate. Therefore, BRL cannot be considered an appropriate treatment option for patients with CLL.
Supplementary Figure 6 from Identification and Analysis of <i>In Vivo</i> VEGF Downstream Markers Link VEGF Pathway Activity with Efficacy of Anti-VEGF Therapies (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 83K, Fig S6. Effect of VDV gene expression and bevacizumab treatment in OS.&lt;/p&gt;
Point of View (2005)

From the Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire. The manuscript submitted does not contain information about medical device(s)/drug(s). No funds were received in support of this work. No benefits in any form have been or will be received from a commercial party related directly or indirectly to the subject of this manuscript. Address correspondence to John D. Lurie, MD, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, 1 Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756; E-mail: [email protected]
Absolute Measurement of an Ultra-precision Mirror with 2-D Software Datum. (1997)

2-D software datum named as the 2-D mixed method has been constructed to measure mirror surface profiles. The probe of this method consists of two displacement and two angle sensors. Differential calculation of outputs of these four sensors eliminates pitch, roll and the z-directional translation errors of the scanning stages. An autonomous procedure to estimate and compensate the zero-adjustment error among these four sensors is also proposed. By using this software datum, 2-D profiles of ultra-precision surfaces can be measured absolutely without using any external reference. An experimental probe for realizing the 2-D mixed method has been developed and a mirror surface of 128 mm long and 64 mm wide was measured with the probe. Repeatability of measurements and reproducibility compared with the differential angle method have shown high reliability of the proposed method
The rat subcutaneous air sac model: a new and simple method for in vivo screening of antiangiogenesis. (1997)

An experimental rat model, the Subcutaneous Air Sac (SAS) model, was developed to provide an animal model in which neo-vascularization can be easily assessed in situ and quantified using a radiolabelled plasma marker. The SAS model was designed to replace a previous model where neovascularization was induced by chemical injury of rat or rabbit cornea or by implantation of tumour cells intracorneally, a methodology which is believed to cause severe pain to the animals. In the SAS model the air sac replaces the cornea as a transparent avascular substratum in which vascularization can be observed. The air sac is induced by injection of air subcutaneously on the back of the animal. After 8 to 10 days a sufficient air sac has been established. The animal is anaesthesized and by a minor operation the cellulose sponge is implanted upon the air sac under the skin. The vasoproliferative effect of the cellulose sponge causes formation of new vessels which are macroscopically visible 10 days after implantation. The ability of the in vivo SAS model to show an antiangiogenic effect of a systemically applied test compound was investigated using the fumagillin analogue TNP-470 (ochloro-acetylcarbamoyl)-fumagillol) as a positive control at dose levels of 0, 1, 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg/day given subcutaneously for 10 days. The neo-angiogenesis was scored both in situ using a subjective point system and by measuring the 125I-activity of the implant and the membrane after an intravenous injection of 125I-labelled antibodies. The neo-angiogenesis was reduced by approximately 45-50% in animals treated with 5 or 10 mg/kg/day of TNP-470 compared to animals treated with the vehicle. The animals treated with 10 mg/kg/day TNP-470 showed signs of toxicity. The SAS model is considered highly relevant for in vivo testing of potential antiangiogenic drugs on humane grounds. The high reproducibility, the low cost and the technical simplicity of the method makes it attractive.
A 30Gb/s 1:4 demultiplexer in 0.12μm CMOS (2003)

A 1:4 demultiplexer, implemented in 0.12/spl mu/m SOI and bulk CMOS technology, operates with a BER below 10/sup -13/ at 30Gb/s (SOI) and 26Gb/s (bulk) input data rates (2/sup 7/-1 PRBS), drawing 200mA from a 2V supply. At 1.2V, the chips draw 100mA and operates at input data rates of 21Gb/s (SOI) and 18Gb/s (bulk). The design has an active area of 300/spl mu/m /spl times/ 90/spl mu/m.
High speed attojoule/bit passive and active nanophotonic devices for computing and optical interconnects (Conference Presentation) (2017)

An optical reconfigurable logic device is an optical equivalent of an FPGA, and all the basic digital logic functions can be realized. A tremendous advantage that the optical scheme has over the conventional electronic scheme is the elimination of gate latency and simultaneous availability of a logic function and its complementary at the output, which makes this approach extremely efficient. In this paper, an electro-optic polymer-based high-performance reconfigurable logic system is proposed. Compared to silicon, electro-optic polymers have the advantages of 1) large electro-optic coefficient and ultra-fast response speeds, and 2) easy solution-based processability, thus ultra-high speed logic systems on flexible and rigid substrates are possible. Although most polymer materials can be spun on to form a uniform layer, their patterning into a waveguide often relies on the use of reactive-ion etching (RIE), which is not only an expensive process, but also deteriorates the surface quality, thus negating any advantage provided by polymeric material systems. To address this problem, we utilize all-additive “printing” process comprising of nanoimprint lithography and ink-jet printing for developing low-loss and high surface-quality systems. The ring resonator, demonstrated with Q-factor of 20,720 and switching speed of 1 MHz, is used as an integral component of the logic device. Utilizing different configuration architectures of ring resonators, polymer-based optical logic gates are proposed. The R2R compatible printing processes will enable high-rate, low-cost, and large-area development of these devices on flexible as well as on rigid substrates, thus enabling high-performance integrated polymer based optical interconnect systems.
Terrestrial SER characterization for nanoscale technologies: A comparative study (2015)

In this work, the efforts of an industry wide consortium to characterize the logic soft error rate of a multitude of combinational and sequential logic circuits across multiple technologies is reported. The basic intent of the approach was to bring together the designs and intellectual property of various semiconductor companies on a single technology platform to be tested and compared under the same experimental conditions. This ensures that the measured results are validated, comparable and benchmarked against other similar designs. More importantly, crucial findings associated with this collaborative effort are also outlined in this paper. Some of the key results include the fact that scaling has led to the steady decline of failure in time (FIT) rates for flip-flops as well as combinational logic circuits. Additionally, the improvement in the soft error resilience provided by redundant node flip-flops has reduced with technology miniaturization due to the effects of charge sharing and multiple node charge collection. In spite of this, however, at high frequencies, the combinational logic soft error rate is comparable to the soft error rate of typical flip-flops. The experimental results are complemented with modeling various soft error mechanisms that affect modern high speed logic circuits.
Improved Linear Programming Decoding using Frustrated Cycles (2011)

We consider transmission over a binary-input additive white Gaussian noise channel using low-density parity-check codes. One of the most popular techniques for decoding low-density parity-check codes is the linear programming decoder. In general, the linear programming decoder is suboptimal. I.e., the word error rate is higher than the optimal, maximum a posteriori decoder. In this paper we present a systematic approach to enhance the linear program decoder. More precisely, in the cases where the linear program outputs a fractional solution, we give a simple algorithm to identify frustrated cycles which cause the output of the linear program to be fractional. Then adding these cycles, adaptively to the basic linear program, we show improved word error rate performance.
P4‐342: Intracerebral injection of tau aggregates initiates widespread tauopathy in the transgenic mouse brain (2012)

An important hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau in neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Since there is a clear correlation of NFT density with cognitive decline, misfolded tau is likely a key pathological agent in AD. The events leading to tau aggregate formation are not completely understood and were long thought to be entirely cell-autonomous, with protein misfolding occurring independently in many cells. Recent studies have shown, however, that prion-like spreading mechanisms might be important in the propagation of tau pathology. In vitro studies indicated that extracellular tau aggregates can act as a seed to induce aggregation of intracellular tau. Furthermore an in vivo study by Clavaguera et al. showed tau aggregation and spreading of pathology in transgenic wild-type tau-expressing animals 15 months after injection of brain extracts from mice with filamentous tau pathology. The goal of our study was to make an accelerated, robust in vivo tau aggregation mouse model which can be used to investigate the molecular mechanism of spreading and to validate new therapeutic strategies for AD. In this study in vitro aggregated K18P301L fragments were unilaterally injected in the hippocampus or frontal cortex of P301L tau transgenic mice six months before they develop intrinsic tau pathology. Left and right hemispheres were dissected at different time points after seed injection. Phosphorylation and aggregation of transgenic tau was analyzed by immunohistochemisty and biochemical assays. Already one month after injection of in vitro aggregated tau fragments clear hyperphosphorylation and aggregation of transgenic tau was observed at the injection site, but also at more distant brain areas. These results indicate that injection of in vitro aggregated tau fragments is able to induce misfolding of transgenic tau in distinct brain areas of the recipient mouse, which suggests spreading and points to a prion-like mechanism. However, diffusion of the injected material cannot be ruled out and the apparent propagation of misfolded tau should be further investigated. Because of the fast induction and widespread appearance of tau pathology, this mouse model also offers a good in vivo model to investigate new therapeutic strategies based on interfering with non-cell autonomous effects. References: 1. Guo JL and Lee VM. Seeding of normal tau by pathological tau conformers drives pathogenesis of Alzheimer-like tangles. J Bio Chem 286: 15317–15331 (2011) 2. Clavaguera F et al. Transmission and spreading of tauopathy in transgenic mouse brain. Nat Cell Bio 11, 909–914 (2009) 3. Liu L et al. Trans-synaptic spread of tau pathology in vivo. Plos One 7: e31302 (2012).
Applications of Zr-Catalyzed Carbomagnesation and Mo-Catalyzed Macrocyclic Ring Closing Metathesis in Asymmetric Synthesis. Enantioselective Total Synthesis of Sch 38516 (Fluvirucin B1) (1997)

The first enantioselective total synthesis of antifungal agent Sch 38516, also known as fluvirucin B1, is described. The synthesis includes a convergent asymmetric preparation of amine 17 and acid 18, which are then united to afford diene 62. Metal-catalyzed transformations play a crucial role in the synthesis of the latter moiety. Of particular note are the diastereo- and enantioselective Zr-catalyzed alkylations, a tandem Ti- and Ni-catalyzed process that constitutes a hydrovinylation reaction, and a Ru-catalyzed alcohol oxidation to afford carboxylic acid 18. The requisite carbohydrate 38 is synthesized in a highly diastereo- and enantioselective fashion. Optical purity of the carbohydrate moiety arises from the use of the asymmetric dihydroxylation method of Sharpless; diastereochemical control is achieved through a selective dipolar [3 + 2] cycloaddition with a readily available amine serving as the chiral auxiliary. Union of the appropriately outfitted carbohydrate 71 and diene 62 through an efficient and diastereoselective glycosylation is followed by a remarkably efficient Mo-catalyzed macrocyclization that proceeds readily at room temperature.
In a Swine Model, Chest Compressions Cause Ventricular Capture and, By Means of a Long-Short Sequence, Ventricular Fibrillation (2008)

Under some conditions, CC during resuscitation can stimulate the ventricles and initiate ventricular fibrillation by a long-short sequence.
Down‐regulation of phospholipase C‐γ1 during the differentiation of U937 cells (1995)

Phospholipase C (PLC)-gamma 1 and -gamma 2 play a pivotal role in signal transduction for cell proliferation and differentiation. The enzyme activity and protein level of PLC-gamma 1 were markedly decreased in the human histiocytic leukemia U937 cell line during the differentiation process which is induced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) but those of PLC-gamma 2 were not altered. Northern blot analysis showed that the levels of PLC-gamma 1 and -gamma 2 transcripts were not changed. These results suggest that the expression of PLC-gamma 1 during the PMA-induced differentiation may be down-regulated by post-transcriptional processing.
Characterization of the Stromal Extracellular Matrix: Editorial Comment on Dr. Verfaillie's Paper (1999)

"Characterization of the Stromal Extracellular Matrix: Editorial Comment on Dr. Verfaillie's Paper." Hematology, 4(4), pp. 319–320
Studies towards freestanding GaN in hydride vapor phase epitaxy by in‐situ etching of a sacrificial ZnO buffer layer (2009)

Abstract By in‐situ etching of a ZnO buffer layer freestanding GaN layers were prepared by hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE). For the template growth, single crystalline ZnO buffer layers, grown by pulsed laser deposition on sapphire, were used. They were overgrown with a thin GaN layer by a multilayer growth using metal organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE). The removal of the ZnO buffer during the HVPE growth allowed the fabrication of strain‐free freestanding GaNlayers with a full width‐half‐maximum of the donor bound exciton (D 0 X) of 2.3 meV at a position of 3.47 eV in low temperature (15 K) photoluminescence (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
620 Construction of DEM-base Foot Model Optimal Velocity Model (2011)

Traffic jams and congestion are generated in various places like roads, festivals, disaster areas, etc. They cause mental stress and increase the incidence of traffic accidents. Thus, in designing environments in which people can move smoothly, traffic flow analysis is important. Currently, use of the micro model in pursuing individual particle behavior is common in traffic flow analysis. In this model, because the objects that become particles are capable of independent motion, the relation of action-reaction doesn't work between particles. Therefore, we constructed a micro-type pedestrian model in which particle behaviors depict a pedestrian's behavior characteristics in detail by the Distinct Element Method (DEM), and analyzed the traffic flow. In this study, to aim micro-type pedestrian model depicting the behavior characteristics in detail, model-enhanced DEM is constructed. The acceleration computation of the particle modeled in this model incorporate the Optimal Velocity (OV) model. After that the algorithm that can avoid even if a obstacle particle exists on the target direction was constructed and was incorporated in the 2D model. After that, the avoidance simulation, which takes into account the obstacle or other pedestrians, is done by using the 2D DEM-base traffic model. At the same time, an avoidance experiment similar to the simulations is done, and the effectiveness of the model is verified by comparing the results. As a result, the simulation showed similar behavior and velocity distribution to the experiment. Therefore, the effectiveness of the constructed traffic model could be confirmed.
Combination immunotherapy of the P815 murine mastocytoma with killer cells, IL-2 and anti-estrogens. (1998)

The results indicate that treatment with anti-estrogens increased the efficiency of immunotherapy by killer cells. This was true also when CTL therapy was supplemented with IL-2 treatment.
Cover Picture: Tuning the Stacking Properties of C3‐Symmetrical Molecules by Modifying a Dipeptide Motif (Chem. Eur. J. 29/2007) (2007)

A library of C3-symmetrical molecules consisting of a 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxamide core extended by dipeptide fragments, which bear peripheral mesogenic groups, have been synthesized. The self-assembling properties of the resulting compounds are reported by E. W. Meijer et al. in their Full Paper on page 8111 ff. Subtle modifications in the dipeptide motifs strongly influence the stability and the order within the self-assemblies, which makes it possible to tune the stacking properties.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Catalytic Oxidative Cleavage of Oximes to Carbonyl Compounds with H2O2 Over TS‐1. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A rapid‐injection NMR study of the effect of lithium alkoxides on the butyllithium‐initiated polymerization and propagation of styrene (1999)

In studies carried out in THF at −80°C, lithium n-butoxide was found to speed up the initiation and to an even greater extent the rate of propagation in the alkyllithium-initiated polymerization of styrene. Bulky alkoxides were found to slow down the rate of polymerization by slowing both initiation and propagation although initiation was decreased to a greater extent than propagation. Five equivalents of lithium tert-butoxide stopped the initiation completely under these reaction conditions when n-butyllithium was used as an initiator. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 37: 1157–1168, 1999
P10-08. Intracellular detection of differential APOBEC3G, TRIM5a, and LEDGF/p75 expression in peripheral blood from HIV-1 infected subjects by flow cytometry (2009)

Background HIV-1 replication in host cells depends on a delicate balance between intrinsic immune factors limiting viral dissemination like APOBEC3G and TRIM5alpha, and cellular co-factors required for virus propagation like LEDGF/p75. Thus far, host protein expression levels involved in HIV-1 replication have been determined mainly through mRNA-based real-time PCR and proteinbased western blotting. We analyzed protein expression at single-cell level using flow cytometry.
High-speed multi-view imaging approaching 4pi steradians using conic section mirrors (2021)

Illuminating or imaging samples from a broad angular range is essential in a wide variety of computational 3D imaging and resolution-enhancement techniques, such as optical projection tomography (OPT), optical diffraction tomography (ODT), synthetic aperture microscopy, Fourier ptychographic microscopy (FPM), structured illumination microscopy (SIM), photogrammetry, and optical coherence refraction tomography (OCRT). The wider the angular coverage, the better the resolution enhancement or 3D resolving capabilities. However, achieving such angular ranges is a practical challenge, especially when approaching plus-or-minus 90 degrees or beyond. Often, researchers resort to expensive, proprietary high numerical aperture (NA) objectives, or to rotating the sample or source-detector pair, which sacrifices temporal resolution or perturbs the sample. Here, we propose several new strategies for multi-angle imaging approaching 4pi steradians using concave parabolic or ellipsoidal mirrors and fast, low rotational inertia scanners, such as galvanometers. We derive theoretically and empirically relations between a variety of system parameters (e.g., NA, wavelength, focal length, telecentricity) and achievable fields of view (FOVs) and importantly show that intrinsic tilt aberrations do not restrict FOV for many multi-view imaging applications, contrary to conventional wisdom. Finally, we present strategies for avoiding spherical aberrations at obliquely illuminated flat boundaries. Our simple designs allow for high-speed multi-angle imaging for microscopic, mesoscopic, and macroscopic applications.
Novel magnetic functionalities of Prussian blue analogs (2011)

Cyano-bridged bimetal assemblies demonstrate novel magnetic functionalities, particularly Prussian blue analogs, which have unique properties. In this perspective, we describe a charge-transfer phase transition, reversible photomagnetism, second harmonic generation and magnetization-induced second harmonic generation, ferroelectric ferromagnetism, humidity-sensitive magnetism, high ionic conductivity, and a coupling effect (which we named spin-ionics) between ionic conduction and magnetic ordering with Prussian blue analogs.
Efficient active learning with generalized linear models (2007)

Active learning can significantly reduce the amount of training data required to fit parametric statistical models for supervised learning tasks. Here we present an efficient algorithm for choosing the optimal (most informative) query when the output labels are related to the inputs by a generalized linear model (GLM). The algorithm is based on a Laplace approximation of the posterior distribution of the GLM’s parameters. The algorithm requires only low-rank matrix manipulations and a single two-dimensional search to choose the optimal query and has complexity O(n 2) (with n the dimension of the