gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An integrated multiangle, multispectral, and polarimetric imaging concept for aerosol remote sensing from space (2005)

Techniques for passive remote sensing of aerosol optical and microphysical properties from space include visible, near- and shortwave-infrared imaging (e.g., from MODIS), multiangle intensity imaging (e.g., ATSR-2, AATSR, MISR), near-ultraviolet mapping (e.g., TOMS/OMI), and polarimetry (e.g., POLDER, APS). Each of these methods has unique strengths. In this paper, we present a concept for integrating these approaches into a unified sensor. Design goals include spectral coverage from the near-UV to the shortwave infrared; intensity and polarimetric imaging simultaneously at multiple view angles; global coverage within a few days; kilometer to sub-kilometer spatial resolution; and measurement of the degree of linear polarization (DOLP) for a subset of the spectral complement with an uncertainty of 0.5% or less. This high polarimetric accuracy is the most challenging aspect of the design, and is specified in order to achieve climate-quality uncertainties in optical depth, refractive index, and other microphysical properties. Based upon MISR heritage, a pushbroom multi-camera architecture is envisioned, using separate line arrays to collect imagery within each camera in the different spectral bands and in different polarization orientations. For the polarimetric data, accurate cross-calibration of the individual line arrays is essential. An electro-optic polarization "scrambler", activated periodically during calibration sequences, is proposed as a means of providing this cross-calibration. The enabling component is a rapid retardance modulator. Candidate technologies include liquid crystals, rotating waveplates, and photoelastic modulators (PEMs). The PEM, which uses a piezoelectric transducer to induce rapid time-varying stress birefringence in a glass bar, appears to be the most suitable approach. An alternative measurement approach, also making use of a PEM, involves synchronous demodulation of the oscillating signal to reconstruct the polarization state. The latter method is potentially more accurate, but requires a significantly more complex detector architecture.
Radical prostatectomy in men aged ≥70 years: effect of age on upgrading, upstaging, and the accuracy of a preoperative nomogram (2008)

Patients aged >or=70 years are more likely to be upstaged after RRP, but this does not affect cancer control. In addition, nomograms maintain their accuracy and remain valid tools in this rapidly growing patient population.
Th3 Cells in Peripheral Tolerance. II. TGF-β-Transgenic Th3 Cells Rescue IL-2-Deficient Mice from Autoimmunity (2007)

We developed a transgenic (Tg) mouse that expresses TGF-beta under control of the IL-2 promoter to investigate Th3 cell differentiation both in vitro and in vivo. We previously found that repetitive in vitro Ag stimulation results in constant expression of Foxp3 in TGF-beta-Tg Th3 cells that acquire regulatory function independent of surface expression of CD25. To examine the differentiation and function of Th3 cells in vivo and to compare them with thymic-derived CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells (Treg), we introduced the TGF-beta transgene into T cells of IL-2-deficient (IL-2(-/-)) mice. We found that the induction, differentiation, and function of TGF-beta-derived Foxp3(+) Th3 cells were independent of IL-2, which differs from thymic Tregs. In an environment that lacks functional CD25(+) thymic-derived Tregs, expression of the TGF-beta transgene in IL-2(-/-) mice led to the induction of distinct CD25(-) regulatory cells in the periphery. These cells expressed Foxp3 and efficiently controlled hyperproliferation of T cells and rescued the IL-2(-/-) mouse from lethal autoimmunity. Unlike IL-2(-/-) animals, TGF-beta/IL-2(-/-) mice had normal numbers of T cells, B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells and did not have splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, or inflammation in multiple organs. Accumulation of Foxp3(+) cells over time, however, was dependent on IL-2. Our results suggest that TGF-beta-derived Foxp3(+)CD25(+/-) Th3 regulatory cells represent a different cell lineage from thymic-derived CD25(+) Tregs in the periphery but may play an important role in maintaining thymic Tregs in the peripheral immune compartment by secretion of TGF-beta.
EB 1089, a calcitriol analogue, decreases fetal, calcium content when injected into pregnant rats (1995)

International audience
In situ synthesis of phosphate binding mesocellular siliceous foams impregnated with iron oxide nanoparticles (2014)

Large cavities embedded with iron oxide nanoparticles within mesocellular siliceous foams (MCFs) uptake phosphate ions from water effluent.
User Intent in a Shared Control Framework for Pedestrian (2003)

This paper presents a novel approach to infer navigational intent of the user of a walker, based on measuring forces and moments applied to the walker’s handles. While there are many types of “intent” that could be infened for a given user action, the experiments conducted here focused on the determining user’s navigational intent, i.e. their desired heading. Our experiments used two 6-DOF forcel moment sensors on the walker’s handles and a digital motion capture system to conelate applied force with actual motion. Preliminary results revealed that the intent to turn, represented by changes in the heading angle, highly correlates with the overall turning moment around the veaical axis as well as tbe side forces applied by the user. Other forcelmoment components reveal additional information, such as support needs. The inferred user intent will be incorporated into a passive shared steering control system for the walker.
Dependence-aware Slice Execution to Boost MLP in Slice-out-of-order Cores (2022)

Exploiting memory-level parallelism (MLP) is crucial to hide long memory and last-level cache access latencies. While out-of-order (OoO) cores, and techniques building on them, are effective at exploiting MLP, they deliver poor energy efficiency due to their complex and energy-hungry hardware. This work revisits slice-out-of-order (sOoO) cores as an energy-efficient alternative for MLP exploitation. sOoO cores achieve energy efficiency by constructing and executing slices of MLP-generating instructions out-of-order only with respect to the rest of instructions; the slices and the remaining instructions, by themselves, execute in-order. However, we observe that existing sOoO cores miss significant MLP opportunities due to their dependence-oblivious in-order slice execution, which causes dependent slices to frequently block MLP generation. To boost MLP generation, we introduce Freeway, a sOoO core based on a new dependence-aware slice execution policy that tracks dependent slices and keeps them from blocking subsequent independent slices and MLP extraction. The proposed core incurs minimal area and power overheads, yet approaches the MLP benefits of fully OoO cores. Our evaluation shows that Freeway delivers 12% better performance than the state-of-the-art sOoO core and is within 7% of the MLP limits of full OoO execution.
Direct Etch Method for Microfluidic Channel and Nano-Height Post Fabrication by Picoliter Droplets (2006)

Photolithography is an expensive and significant step in microfabrication. Approaches that could change lithography could create impact on semiconductor and microelectromechanical systems fields. We demonstrate a droplet based direct etching method by ejecting etchant droplets at desired locations by using microdroplet ejector arrays. This method could be used for easy fabrication of poly(dimethylsiloxane) microfluidic channels; nanometer height post-like structures in microfluidic channels.
Breast image feature learning with adaptive deconvolutional networks (2012)

Feature extraction is a critical component of medical image analysis. Many computer-aided diagnosis approaches employ hand-designed, heuristic lesion extracted features. An alternative approach is to learn features directly from images. In this preliminary study, we explored the use of Adaptive Deconvolutional Networks (ADN) for learning high-level features in diagnostic breast mass lesion images with potential application to computer-aided diagnosis (CADx) and content-based image retrieval (CBIR). ADNs (Zeiler, et. al., 2011), are recently-proposed unsupervised, generative hierarchical models that decompose images via convolution sparse coding and max pooling. We trained the ADNs to learn multiple layers of representation for two breast image data sets on two different modalities (739 full field digital mammography (FFDM) and 2393 ultrasound images). Feature map calculations were accelerated by use of GPUs. Following Zeiler et. al., we applied the Spatial Pyramid Matching (SPM) kernel (Lazebnik, et. al., 2006) on the inferred feature maps and combined this with a linear support vector machine (SVM) classifier for the task of binary classification between cancer and non-cancer breast mass lesions. Non-linear, local structure preserving dimension reduction, Elastic Embedding (Carreira-Perpiñán, 2010), was then used to visualize the SPM kernel output in 2D and qualitatively inspect image relationships learned. Performance was found to be competitive with current CADx schemes that use human-designed features, e.g., achieving a 0.632+ bootstrap AUC (by case) of 0.83 [0.78, 0.89] for an ultrasound image set (1125 cases).
Pipelined carry look-ahead adder (1986)

A pipelined carry look-ahead adder is described which is particularly suitable for use with a pipelined parallel multiplier, but would also be useful for other pipelined systems. The adder is compared with a pipelined ripple-carry adder having a triangular structure and the nonpipelined form of the carry look-ahead adder and is shown to possess the advantages of small stage delay and short flush time.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Metadynamics Simulations Reveal the Atomistic Binding of l-Serine and O-Phospho-l-Serine at Disordered Calcium Phosphate Surfaces of Biocements (2022)

Interactions between biomolecules and structurally disordered calcium phosphate (CaP) surfaces are crucial for the regulation of bone mineralization by noncollagenous proteins, the organization of complexes of casein and amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) in milk, as well as for structure-function relationships of hybrid organic/inorganic interfaces in biomaterials. By a combination of advanced solid-state NMR experiments and metadynamics simulations, we examine the detailed binding of <i>O</i>-phospho-l-serine (Pser) and l-serine (Ser) with ACP in bone-adhesive CaP cements, whose capacity of gluing fractured bone together stems from the close integration of the organic molecules with ACP over a subnanometer scale. The proximity of each carboxy, aliphatic, and amino group of Pser/Ser to the Ca<sup>2+</sup> and phosphate species of ACP observed from the metadynamics-derived models agreed well with results from heteronuclear solid-state NMR experiments that are sensitive to the <sup>13</sup>C-<sup>31</sup>P and <sup>15</sup>N-<sup>31</sup>P distances. The inorganic/organic contacts in Pser-doped cements are also contrasted with experimental and modeled data on the Pser binding at nanocrystalline HA particles grown from a Pser-bearing aqueous solution. The molecular adsorption is driven mainly by electrostatic interactions between the negatively charged carboxy/phosphate groups and Ca<sup>2+</sup> cations of ACP, along with H bonds to either protonated or nonprotonated inorganic phosphate groups. The Pser and Ser molecules anchor at their phosphate/amino and carboxy/amino moieties, respectively, leading to an extended molecular conformation across the surface, as opposed to an "upright standing" molecule that would result from the binding of one sole functional group.
A Heterogeneous Tungsten Catalyst for Epoxidation of Terpenes and Tungsten-Catalyzed Synthesis of Acid-Sensitive Terpene Epoxides (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTA Heterogeneous Tungsten Catalyst for Epoxidation of Terpenes and Tungsten-Catalyzed Synthesis of Acid-Sensitive Terpene EpoxidesAída L. Villa de P, Bert F. Sels, Dirk E. De Vos, and Pierre A. JacobsView Author Information Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kardinaal Mercierlaan 92, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 19, 7267–7270Publication Date (Web):August 31, 1999Publication History Received13 May 1999Published online31 August 1999Published inissue 1 September 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo990790zhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo990790zbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1707Altmetric-Citations84LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Catalysts,Ethers,Hydrocarbons,Organic reactions,Selectivity Get e-Alerts
Liquid-Crystal Thermosets, a New Generation of High-Performance Liquid-Crystal Polymers (2004)

One of the major challenges for NASA's next-generation reusable-launch-vehicle (RLV) program is the design of a cryogenic lightweight composite fuel tank. Potential matrix resin systems need to exhibit a low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), good mechanical strength, and excellent barrier properties at cryogenic temperatures under load. In addition, the resin system needs to be processable by a variety of non-autoclavable techniques, such as vacuum-bag curing, resin-transfer molding (RTM), vacuum-assisted resin-transfer molding (VaRTM), resin-film infusion (RFI), pultrusion, and advanced tow placement (ATP). To meet these requirements, the Advanced Materials and Processing Branch (AMPB) at NASA Langley Research Center developed a new family of wholly aromatic liquid-crystal oligomers that can be processed and thermally cross-linked while maintaining their liquid-crystal order. All the monomers were polymerized in the presence of a cross-linkable unit by use of an environmentally benign melt-condensation technique. This method does not require hazardous solvents, and the only side product is acetic acid. The final product can be obtained as a powder or granulate and has an infinite shelf life. The obtained oligomers melt into a nematic phase and do not exhibit isotropization temperatures greater than the temperatures of decomposition (Ti > T(sub dec)). Three aromatic formulations were designed and tested and included esters, ester-amides, and ester-imides. One of the major advantages of this invention, named LaRC-LCR or Langley Research Center-Liquid Crystal Resin, is the ability to control a variety of resin characteristics, such as melting temperature, viscosity, and the cross-link density of the final part. Depending on the formulation, oligomers can be prepared with melt viscosities in the range of 10-10,000 poise (100 rad/s), which can easily be melt-processed using a variety of composite-processing techniques. This capability provides NASA with custom-made matrix resins that meet the required processing conditions for the fabrication of textile composites. Once the resin is in place, the temperature is raised to 375 C and the oligomers are cross-linked into a high-glass-transition-temperature (Tg) nematic network without releasing volatiles. The mechanical properties of the fully crosslinked, composite articles are comparable to typical composites based on commercially available epoxy resins.
Experimental Observation of Quantum Confinement in the Conduction Band of CdSe Quantum Dots (2007)

X-ray absorption spectroscopy has been used to characterize the evolution in the conduction band (CB) density of states of CdSe quantum dots (QDs) as a function of particle size. We have unambiguously witnessed the CdSe QD CB minimum (CBM) shift to higher energy with decreasing particle size, consistent with quantum confinement effects, and have directly compared our results with recent theoretical calculations. At the smallest particle size, evidence for a pinning of the CBM is presented. Our observations can be explained by considering a size-dependent change in the angular-momentum-resolved states at the CBM.
Titanium-Beta Zeolites Catalyze the Stereospecific Isomerization of d-Glucose to l-Sorbose via Intramolecular C5–C1 Hydride Shift (2013)

Pure-silica zeolite beta containing Lewis acidic framework Ti4+ centers (Ti-Beta) is shown to catalyze the isomerization of d-glucose to l-sorbose via an intramolecular C5–C1 hydride shift. Glucose–sorbose isomerization occurs in parallel to glucose–fructose isomerization on Ti-Beta in both water and methanol solvents, with fructose formed as the predominant product in water and sorbose as the predominant product in methanol (at 373 K) at initial times and over the course of >10 turnovers. Isotopic tracer studies demonstrate that 13C and D labels placed respectively at the C1 and C2 positions of glucose are retained respectively at the C6 and C5 positions of sorbose, consistent with its formation via an intramolecular C5–C1 hydride shift isomerization mechanism. This direct Lewis acid-mediated pathway for glucose–sorbose isomerization appears to be unprecedented among heterogeneous or biological catalysts and sharply contrasts indirect base-mediated glucose–sorbose isomerization via 3,4-enediol intermediates or via retro-aldol fragmentation and recombination of sugar fragments. Measured first-order glucose–sorbose isomerization rate constants (per total Ti; 373 K) for Ti-Beta in methanol are similar for glucose and glucose deuterated at the C2 position (within a factor of ∼1.1), but are a factor of ∼2.3 lower for glucose deuterated at each carbon position, leading to H/D kinetic isotope effects expected for kinetically relevant intramolecular C5–C1 hydride shift steps. Optical rotation measurements show that isomerization of d-(+)-glucose (92% enantiomeric purity) with Ti-Beta in water (373 K) led to the formation of l-(−)-sorbose (73% enantiomeric purity) and d-(−)-fructose (87% enantiomeric purity) as the predominant stereoisomers, indicating that stereochemistry is preserved at carbon centers not directly involved in intramolecular C5–C1 or C2–C1 hydride shift steps, respectively. This new Lewis acid-mediated rearrangement of glucose to sorbose does not appear to have a metalloenzyme analog.
MP12-17 COMPUTER EXTRACTED FEATURES OF NUCLEI SHAPE, ARCHITECTURE AND ORIENTATION FROM INITIAL H&E TISSUE BIOPSIES PREDICT DISEASE PROGRESSION FOR PROSTATE CANCER PATIENTS ON ACTIVE SURVEILLANCE (2018)

2015 (p0.001 for trend). There was also a significant increase in age group 55-59 years (p < 0.006). Total 1-year cost of care post-diagnosis was higher for the non-AS group. Over 70% of the AS group received PSA testing in 6 months following diagnosis. Less than 20% were biopsied during the same timeframe. Proportions receiving PSA testing and biopsy increased to 90% and 34% respectively during 1-year post diagnosis timeframe.
Alternative mechanism for coffee-ring deposition based on active role of free surface (2016)

When a colloidal sessile droplet dries on a substrate, the particles suspended in it usually deposit in a ringlike pattern. This phenomenon is commonly referred to as the "coffee-ring" effect. One paradigm for why this occurs is as a consequence of the solutes being transported towards the pinned contact line by the flow inside the drop, which is induced by surface evaporation. From this perspective, the role of the liquid-gas interface in shaping the deposition pattern is somewhat minimized. Here, we propose an alternative mechanism for the coffee-ring deposition. It is based on the bulk flow within the drop transporting particles to the interface where they are captured by the receding free surface and subsequently transported along the interface until they are deposited near the contact line. That the interface captures the solutes as the evaporation proceeds is supported by a Lagrangian tracing of particles advected by the flow field within the droplet. We model the interfacial adsorption and transport of particles as a one-dimensional advection-generation process in toroidal coordinates and show that the theory reproduces ring-shaped depositions. Using this model, deposition patterns on both hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces are examined in which the evaporation is modeled as being either diffusive or uniform over the surface.
Improved beta alumina electrolytes for advanced storage batteries (1980)

Investigations on the factors determining the mechanisms of electrochemical failure initiation and propagation of polycrystalline sodium beta and beta'' alumina are reported. The investigations have led to the distinction between two modes of failure. Mode I failure involves a cathode plating of sodium into a pre-existing crack. Mode II degradation involves the internal plating of sodium into a pre-existing crack. Mode II degradation involves the internal precipitation of sodium. The Mode I initiation current density thresholds were determined using acoustic emission detection. Experiments below and above the melting point of sodium have been carried out. The results are reported in the form of Weibull failure probability plots. Below the melting point of sodium, the average current density threshold for initiation of Mode I failure depended on temperature, with an activation energy of about 4 kcal/mol. At 350/sup 0/C, it was found that a significant grain size dependence existed, in which large grained material exhibited lower average critical current density thresholds for Mode I initiation than fine grained material. Evidence was also found for internal precipitation of sodium, Mode II degradation. It is indicated that this Mode II degradation probably results from charge trnasfer through a gradient in transport number ratios.more » These gradients are introduced by the chemical reduction of the beta aluminas when in contact with molten sodium. The chemical reduction has a discoloration associated with it. The nature of this chemical coloration has been examined and is reported. Chemical coloration involves the introduction of oxygen vacancies into the ceramic electrolyte, compensated by electrons. A method is reported that is capable of revealing electrode current density inhomogeneity with the resolution of about 1 micrometer. A method was also developed for revealing the presence of fine, sodium-filled cracks.« less