gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Educational Reconnaissance of the Area Affected by the 1999 Chi‐Chi Earthquake—Three Years Later (2005)

Findings from a reconnaissance effort to the area affected by the 1999 Chi‐Chi earthquake in Taiwan are reported in this paper. The reconnaissance team comprised eight graduate students from the three U.S. earthquake engineering research centers (MAE, MCEER, and PEER). The mission provided an opportunity to assess, three years later, the response of the engineering community to this major earthquake that caused extensive loss of life and property. This educational reconnaissance effort was hosted by Taiwan's National Center for Research in Earthquake Engineering (NCREE) in May 2002. Researchers from NCREE first presented extensive information on the observed failures, the repairs and reconstruction, as well as the lessons learned and changes in future engineering practice before an intensive site visit. In this paper, observations on the performance/repair/retrofit and reconstruction of residential buildings and bridges are reported. Although most bridge structures were retrofitted or rebuilt with state‐of‐the‐art engineered solutions, most low‐rise mixed commercial‐residential buildings were retrofitted with non‐engineered techniques often conceived and carried out by local contractors. Furthermore, the structural configuration of the mixed commercial‐residential building that suffered the most serious damage is still rather commonly applied in Taiwan. The organization and the educational value of this reconnaissance experience are also discussed.
Moyamoya Disease (2000)

MCA) bypass procedure to treat the symptomatic hemisphere. She returned one week later for a contralateral right STA-MCA bypass. Intra-operatively, a suitable recipient MCA branch was not available, and therefore an encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis (EDAS) procedure was performed. The two procedures were well-tolerated, without neurological deterioration, and she was discharged on ASA.
Proportional Integral Derivative and Linear Quadratic Regulation of a multirotor attitude: Mathematical modelling, simulations and experimental results (2013)

Multirotors have been recognised to be particularly interesting for surveillance, search and rescue, imaging and more, because of their several advantages as the high manoeuvrability and the vertical take off and landing capability. This paper presents the experimental results of the application of a Proportional Integral Derivative control law and a Linear Quadratic Regulation technique to the attitude of a multirotor. The reader is driven through all the main steps required to reach this goal, starting from the derivation of the mathematical model and the control laws, to the simulations and the experimental tests.
Association of alleles carried at TNFA -850 and BAT1-22 with Alzheimer's disease (2008)

These findings lend support to the application of TNFA and BAT1 polymorphisms in early diagnosis or risk assessment strategies for AD and suggest a potential role for BAT1 in the regulation of inflammatory reactions in AD pathology.
High Efficiency DOEs at Large Diffraction Angles for Quantum Information and Computing Architectures. (2016)

Abstract not provided.
Oxidation of Low Density Lipoprotein Upon Sequential Exposure to Copper Ions (1995)

Copper-induced LDL oxidation is characterized by an 'induction phase' (lag phase) during which the endogenous antioxidants are consumed, followed by a 'propagation phase' in which the LDL-associated polyunsaturated fatty acids are oxidized. Oxidation products may play an important role in the propagation of the oxidative process in the arterial intima as they increase the permeability of the damaged endothelium to various plasma components, including LDL. We therefore found it of interest to investigate the kinetics of LDL oxidation in vitro under conditions where LDL is sequentially exposed to Cu(2+)-induced oxidation. The results of our studies demonstrate that when native LDL is exposed to copper oxidation in a medium containing oxidized LDL, oxidation of the added LDL may be almost instantaneous. Furthermore, even when native LDL is added to 'oxidizing LDL' towards the end of the lag phase or during the propagation phase it becomes oxidized after a very short lag. This oxidation process, occurring in spite of the possible protective effect of the antioxidants present in the newly added LDL, indicates that although antioxidants prolong the latency period by preventing the formation of active free radicals, when such radicals are present in the system, oxidation propagates. These results lend strong support to the generally accepted paradigm regarding the mechanism of propagation of lipid oxidation. In view of the effect of oxidation products on the permeability of the endothelium, the observed shortening of the lag period may result in a vicious cycle, independent of the LDL-associated antioxidants, leading to continuing oxidation and foam cell formation.
Evidence ofb-Jet Quenching in PbPb Collisions atsNN=2.76  TeV (2014)

The production of jets associated to bottom quarks is measured for the first time in PbPb collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 2.76 TeV per nucleon pair. Jet spectra are reported in the transverse momentum (p(T)) range of 80-250 GeV/c, and within pseudorapidity |η|<2. The nuclear modification factor (R(AA)) calculated from these spectra shows a strong suppression in the b-jet yield in PbPb collisions relative to the yield observed in pp collisions at the same energy. The suppression persists to the largest values of p(T) studied, and is centrality dependent. The R(AA) is about 0.4 in the most central events, similar to previous observations for inclusive jets. This implies that jet quenching does not have a strong dependence on parton mass and flavor in the jet p(T) range studied.
Applications of the Apple computer for classroom demonstrations and laboratory experiments (1985)

The Apple computer game port can be used as a timing circuit for inexpensive interactive demonstrations and laboratory experiments. Examples of the use of this technique to measure the velocity of a baseball thrown in the classroom by the most adept students as well as the measurement of speed and acceleration of a slot car racer in the laboratory will be demonstrated.
Measurement of stresses in three orthogonal directions at the residual limb-prosthetic socket interface (1993)

Transducers were developed to measure stresses in three orthogonal directions applied on a below-knee amputee residual limb within a prosthetic socket during walking. Strain-gage measurement techniques were used for all three orthogonal directions. Instrumentation error for four transducers averaged less than 4.2% full-scale output (FSO) for the normal direction and less than 0.9% FSO for shear directions. Measurements from amputee subjects collected during walking trials are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
AGENT UML: A FORMALISM FOR SPECIFYING MULTIAGENT SOFTWARE SYSTEMS (2001)

To gain wider acceptance for the use of agents in industry, it is a necessity to relate it to the nearest antecedent technology (object-oriented software development) and to introduce appropriate artifacts to support the development environment throughout the full system life cycle. We address both of these requirements by presenting AGENT UML, the Agent UML (Unified Modeling Language) — a set of UML idioms and extensions. This paper provides an AGENT UML representation of the internal behavior of an agent; it then relates this internal description to the external behavior of the agent by using and extending UML class diagrams and by describing agent interaction protocols in a new way. Our claim is that by extending the de-facto standard representation for object-oriented modeling to agents, the learning curve for object-oriented developers to adopt aspects of agent-based programming becomes much less steep. Thus, agent-oriented programming as a whole will become more amenable to mainstream software engineering.
Case 18 (2013)

Case presentations focus on mapping techniques, diagnosis, and proper catheter placement for successful ablation of arrhythmias. This case focuses on tachyarrhythmia, automatic atrial arrhythmia, reentrant atrial arrhythmia, scarring, entrainment mapping, and pinging.
Gene Expression Profiling in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Lung Cancer (2007)

The results provide evidence that genes involved in tissue remodeling and repair are differentially regulated in the lungs of obstructed smokers and suggest that they are potential therapeutic targets. Data deposited in GEO at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE8500.
Duck hepatitis B virus polymerase acts as a suppressor of core protein translation (1996)

Nucleocapsid assembly in hepadnavirus replication requires selective encapsidation of the pregenomic RNA template and the viral polymerase by the core proteins. It has been shown that an encapsidation signal located at the 5' end of the pregenomic RNA is responsible for its interaction with the polymerase. In the present study, we have shown that a region located at the 3' periphery of the core open reading frame may interact with the viral polymerase in duck hepatitis B virus. By using an in vitro rabbit reticulocyte lysate translation system, we found that interaction of the polymerase with this region resulted in selective suppression of core mRNA translation. Insertion of this putative inhibitory sequence into the CD4 gene also led to a selective inhibition of CD4 mRNA translation in the presence of polymerase. Specific inhibition of core protein synthesis was observed in a chicken hepatoma cell line (LMH) cotransfected with core and polymerase plasmid DNA.
Foxo1 controls gut homeostasis and commensalism by regulating mucus secretion (2021)

Mucus produced by goblet cells in the gastrointestinal tract forms a biological barrier that protects the intestine from invasion by commensals and pathogens. However, the host-derived regulatory network that controls mucus secretion and thereby changes gut microbiota has not been well studied. Here, we identify that Forkhead box protein O1 (Foxo1) regulates mucus secretion by goblet cells and determines intestinal homeostasis. Loss of Foxo1 in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) results in defects in goblet cell autophagy and mucus secretion, leading to an impaired gut microenvironment and dysbiosis. Subsequently, due to changes in microbiota and disruption in microbiome metabolites of short-chain fatty acids, Foxo1 deficiency results in altered organization of tight junction proteins and enhanced susceptibility to intestinal inflammation. Our study demonstrates that Foxo1 is crucial for IECs to establish commensalism and maintain intestinal barrier integrity by regulating goblet cell function.
Experimental induction of blunt chest trauma in mice: A modified approach with evaluation in dummies and cadavers (2020)

Experimental chest trauma or blunt thoracic trauma using a blast wave mechanism is well established in animal models. The aim of the present study was to establish a complementary, murine experimental chest trauma model precisely defined by physical data and calculations. For this purpose, a device was developed using a dropped weight and physical properties, including velocity, energy and impact, were calculated. The device allowed for the maximum depth of impression to be measured. The device was first tested using blocks of modelling clay and was then applied to mouse cadavers. X-ray and dissection were performed to check for bone fractures and organ injuries following blunt chest traumas of increasing impact. Lesions and hemorrhages were observed in mouse cadavers which sustained a force equivalent to the energy of ~1 J.
Intestinal mucin is a chaperone of multivalent copper (2022)

Mucus protects the epithelial cells of the digestive and respiratory tracts from pathogens and other hazards. Progress in determining the molecular mechanisms of mucus barrier function has been limited by the lack of high-resolution structural information on mucins, the giant, secreted, gel-forming glycoproteins that are the major constituents of mucus. Here, we report how mucin structures we determined enabled the discovery of an unanticipated protective role of mucus: managing the toxic transition metal copper. Using two juxtaposed copper binding sites, one for Cu<sup>2+</sup> and the other for Cu<sup>1+</sup>, the intestinal mucin, MUC2, prevents copper toxicity by blocking futile redox cycling and the squandering of dietary antioxidants, while nevertheless permitting uptake of this important trace metal into cells. These findings emphasize the value of molecular structure in advancing mucosal biology, while introducing mucins, produced in massive quantities to guard extensive mucosal surfaces, as extracellular copper chaperones.
P.22: Improving Switching Characteristics of Amorphous‐InGaZnO 4 Thin‐Film Transistors by Dual‐Gate Driving (2013)

Abstract When the top‐gate and bottom‐gate of a dual‐gate amorphous‐InGaZnO 4 (a‐IGZO) thin‐film transistor (TFT) are electrically tied together (dual‐gate driving), drain current (I DS ) increases fivefold compared to single‐gate driving (i.e. when driving with either bottom‐gate or top‐gate), resulting in significant enhancement of the driving ability of TFTs for active‐matrix display (AMD) applications. The increase in I DS is attributed to better gate drive, achieved through the formation of two parallel channels; one at the top surface and the other at the bottom surface of the semiconductor.
Relationship Between, the Centroid Shift of Eu2+ and Ce3+ with the Band Gap of the Host Lattice (2016)

In this the talk the relationship between the centroid shift of Ce 3+ and Eu 2+ and the host lattice exciton energy is discussed. Combining this relationship with the dependence of the crystal field splitting on the coordination polyhedral [1] can define the excitation spectra of Ce 3+ and Eu 2+ in a given host lattice. Figure 1: The Centroid shift vs. the host lattice exciton energy for Ce 3+ and Eu 2+ [1] P. Dorenbos, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter, 15, 4797 (2003). Figure 1
Liquid crystal beam directors for airborne free-space optical communications (2005)

Liquid crystal beam directors for airborne free-space optical communications are discussed and compared with several types of purely mechanical beam directors (i.e., gimbals) in terms of performance, size, weight and power (SWaP). Beam director requirements for initial laser pointing and link acquisition are described. The fine and coarse steering capabilities of liquid crystal optical phased arrays and emerging liquid crystal wide-angle steering technologies are discussed, with particular emphasis on agility and tracking smoothness.
Mass Density Measurement of Mineralized Tissue with Grating-Based X-Ray Phase Tomography (2016)

Establishing the mineral content distribution in highly mineralized tissues, such as bones and teeth, is fundamental in understanding a variety of structural questions ranging from studies of the mechanical properties to improved pathological investigations. However, non-destructive, volumetric and quantitative density measurements of mineralized samples, some of which may extend several mm in size, remain challenging. Here, we demonstrate the potential of grating-based x-ray phase tomography to gain insight into the three-dimensional mass density distribution of tooth tissues in a non-destructive way and with a sensitivity of 85 mg/cm3. Density gradients of 13 - 19% over 1 - 2 mm within typical samples are detected, and local variations in density of 0.4 g/cm3 on a length scale of 0.1 mm are revealed. This method proves to be an excellent quantitative tool for investigations of subtle differences in mineral content of mineralized tissues that can change following treatment or during ageing and healing.
Analysis of loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 11q13 in atypical ductal hyperplasia and in situ carcinoma of the breast. (1997)

Identical allelic loss in invasive and adjacent in situ ductal breast carcinoma (DCIS) on chromosome 11q13 has been previously reported, providing molecular evidence for the progression of DCIS to invasive tumor. In this study we analyzed loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on 11q13 (PYGM, INT-2) in atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) and various histological types of in situ carcinomas of the breast in patients without invasive cancer. Twenty-four cases of in situ carcinoma and twelve cases of ADH were studied. Tissue microdissection of normal, hyperplastic, and tumor cells from fixed, paraffin-embedded sections was performed, and DNA was extracted for polymerase chain reaction. In situ tumors included both high- and low-grade DCIS. LOH was identified in six of twenty-two (27.3%) in situ tumors and in one of eleven (9%) ADH cases. Within in situ carcinomas, LOH was identified in six of seventeen (35%) high-grade DCIS but in none of six low-grade DCIS. The present results show that LOH at 11q13 occurs in an appreciable proportion of high-grade DCIS, although the rate is substantially less than in patients with concomitant DCIS and invasive tumor. LOH was identified less frequently in low-grade in situ tumors and ADH, suggesting that a putative tumor suppressor gene(s) located on chromosome 11q13 may be involved in the transition from early preneoplastic lesions to invasive breast cancer.
Coupled multiphysics circuital modelling of micro-opto-mechanical pressure sensor systems (2018)

Micro-opto-mechanical pressure sensors (MOMPS) based on integrated optical Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZI) have been fabricated at IMEC, exhibiting much improved sensitivity and noise performance compared to their piezoelectric and capacitive counterparts. However, the design of next generation MOMPS systems on chip still remains uncertain due to the intrinsic multiphysics nature covering mechanical, optical and electrical phenomena. For this reason, we present a sophisticated, flexible and customizable algorithmic tool for the multiphysics simulation and design of highperformance MOMPS systems on chip, including mechanical and optical effects as well as the electronic circuitry for the readout. Furthermore, static and dynamic operating regimes are analyzed, also comparing analytical solutions with experimental results and demonstrating a good agreement. Finally, system noise contributions generated by the optoelectronic components and readout electronics are calculated and a static sensitivity of 8 mV/Pa is measured in the fabricated sensors.
Voltage‐gated calcium channels in epilepsy (2010)

Summary Voltage‐gated calcium channels contribute to the control of excitability at both the cellular and neural network levels. Alterations in the expression or biophysical properties of specific subtypes of calcium channels can have pathophysiologic effects on the frequency and patterns of action potential firing and causally contribute to epileptic seizures. For an expanded treatment of this topic see Jasper’s Basic Mechanisms of the Epilepsies, Fourth Edition (Noebels JL, Avoli M, Rogawski MA, Olsen RW, Delgado‐Escueta AV, eds), published by Oxford University Press (available on the National Library of Medicine Bookshelf [NCBI] at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books ).
Ozone Based Atomic Layer Deposition of Hafnium Oxide and Impact of Nitrogen Oxide Species (2011)

It has recently been reported that nitrogen oxide species (e.g., N2O5, NO2, NO3, and/or N2O) can have an impact on ozone based atomic layer deposition (ALD) of metal oxides when ozone is generated by dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) in O2/N2 mixtures. In this work, we further investigate the effect of the O2/N2 ratio in the DBD for HfO2 ALD using HfCl4 as metal precursor. Using O3 in the absence of nitrogen oxides, uniform HfO2 layers are obtained between 200 and 250°C in a hot wall cross flow reactor. The self-limiting nature of the O3 and HfCl4 reaction is demonstrated at 225°C and the growth-per-cycle is 0.12 nm. At higher temperature, O3 decomposes at the HfO2 coated reactor walls, resulting in a decreasing HfO2 thickness over Si substrates in the direction of the gas flow. Using O3 in combination with nitrogen oxides by DBD in N2/O2 mixtures, we obtained uniform HfO2 layers in the 200–300°C temperature range. At 300°C, the GPC is 0.14 nm and the HfO2 films show a low impurity content. Both processes produce high quality dielectric layers in Pt gated capacitors.
Linkage of hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia to chromosome 9q34 and evidence for locus heterogeneity (1994)

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is an autosomal dominant disorder with unknown pathophysiology that is characterized by arteriovenous lesions and recurrent hemorrhage in virtually every organ. The prevalence of HHT ranges between 1-2 per 100,000 and 1 per 10,000 with almost complete penetrance by the age of 40 years. The mode of inheritance is autosomal dominant. Linkage of HHT to markers on chromosome 9q has recently been reported. In this study we present confirmation of this localization in three unrelated families of Dutch origin. A fourth family yielded evidence for non-linkage to this region. Heterogeneity analysis was performed and clearly demonstrated that HHT is a genetically heterogeneous disorder. We have rigorously investigated all patients in our four families by chest radiography, measurement of arterial oxygenation iv-DSA of the pulmonary circulation and iv-DSA of the cerebral circulation. In the family that is not linked to chromosome 9, considerably less pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVM) were present. We conclude that HHT is a genetically heterogeneous disorder and our results indicate that the presence of PAVM may be more common in patients with a chromosome 9-linked form of HHT than in patients with the non-linked form. Linkage of HHT with a locus on chromosome 9q34more » locus has now been reported in three independent studies. However, two studies report genetic heterogeneity. This will limit the applicability of linked DNA markers in small families for presymptomatic testing. Only extended pedigrees will be informative enough to determine whether or not the chromosome 9 locus is responsible for disease onset in the patient. The eventual isolation of the gene responsible for HHT on chromosome 9 will help to gain insight into the processes that take place in the development and remodelling of the vascular system.« less
Multigenerational epigenetic inheritance in humans: DNA methylation changes associated with maternal exposure to lead can be transmitted to the grandchildren (2015)

We report that the DNA methylation profile of a child's neonatal whole blood can be significantly influenced by his or her mother's neonatal blood lead levels (BLL). We recruited 35 mother-infant pairs in Detroit and measured the whole blood lead (Pb) levels and DNA methylation levels at over 450,000 loci from current blood and neonatal blood from both the mother and the child. We found that mothers with high neonatal BLL correlate with altered DNA methylation at 564 loci in their children's neonatal blood. Our results suggest that Pb exposure during pregnancy affects the DNA methylation status of the fetal germ cells, which leads to altered DNA methylation in grandchildren's neonatal dried blood spots. This is the first demonstration that an environmental exposure in pregnant mothers can have an epigenetic effect on the DNA methylation pattern in the grandchildren.
Analysis of 16S rRNA Amplicon Sequencing Options on the Roche/454 Next-Generation Titanium Sequencing Platform (2011)

Our findings clearly demonstrated that alternative pyrosequencing methods for 16S rRNA genes could drastically affect sequencing output (e.g. number of reads before and after trimming) but have little effect on the outcomes of microbial community analysis. This finding is important for both researchers and sequencing facilities utilizing 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing for microbial ecological studies.