gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neuregulin-1, in a Conducive Milieu with Wnt/BMP/Retinoic Acid, Prolongs the Epicardial-Mediated Cardiac Regeneration Capacity of Neonatal Heart Explants (2021)

<b>Rationale</b>: Cardiac sympathetic nerves are required for endogenous repair of the mammalian neonatal heart in vivo, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. <b>Objective</b>: We tested the hypothesis that a combination of cardiac developmental growth factors Wnt3a, BMP4 and Neuregulin (NRG-1), compensate for denervation and support cardiac regeneration in explanted neonatal mammalian hearts. <b>Methods and Results</b>: Hearts from 2-day old neonatal mice were harvested, lesioned at the apex and grown ex vivo for 21 days under defined conditions. Hearts grown in canonical cardiomyocyte culture media underwent complete coagulative necrosis, a process resembling ischemic cell death, by day 14. However, the addition of Wnt3a, BMP-4 and NRG-1, maintained cellular integrity and restored the endogenous regenerative program. None of these factors alone, or in any paired combination, were sufficient to induce regeneration in culture. rNRG-1 alone significantly reduced the accumulation of double strand DNA damage at Day 3; (-NRG-1: 60±12%; +NRG-1: 8±3%; P<0.01) and prevented coagulative necrosis at Day 14. Short-term addition of rWnt3a and rBMP-4 (day 0-3, NRG-1+) increased WT1 expression (a marker of epicardial cells) 7-fold, epicardial proliferation (78±17 cells vs. 21±9 cells; P<0.05), migration and recellularization (80±22 vs. zero cells; P<0.01; n=6) at the injury site on day 14. <b>Conclusions</b>: A novel explant culture system maintains three-dimensional neonatal mouse hearts and the mammalian neonatal cardiac regenerative program ex vivo. We identified that rNRG-1, plus short-term activation of Wnt- and BMP-signaling, promotes cardiac repair via epicardial cell activation, their proliferation and migration to the injury site, followed by putative cardiomyocyte recruitment. This novel technique will facilitate future studies of mammalian cardiac regeneration and may be useful in cardiac-specific drug testing.
ChemInform Abstract: Peptidomimetic Growth Hormone Secretagogues. Design Considerations and Therapeutic Potential (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Measurement of shock velocity from cavitation collapse in high static pressure liquids using Schlieren and shadowgraphy (2007)

High amplitude shock waves due to collapse of a cavitation bubble were photographed using a high power pulsed laser diode driven with an avalanche transistor pulser. The strong implosions of high pressure bubble cavitation travel initially at several times the local speed of sound. This method was used to measure shock wave velocity in water at static pressures up to 300 bars. The photographs were taken between 30 and 60 ns of the bubble implosion. Schlieren and shadowgraphy techniques were used and compared. The purpose is to characterize the pressure conditions that exist shortly after the implosion of a high pressure sonoluminescence bubble. [Work supported by SMDC Contract No. W9113M-07-C-0178.]
Robustness of Deep Equilibrium Architectures to Changes in the Measurement Model (2023)

Deep model-based architectures (DMBAs) are widely used in imaging inverse problems to integrate physical measurement models and learned image priors. Plug-and-play priors (PnP) and deep equilibrium models (DEQ) are two DMBA frameworks that have received significant attention. The key difference between the two is that the image prior in DEQ is trained by using a specific measurement model, while that in PnP is trained as a general image denoiser. This difference is behind a common assumption that PnP is more robust to changes in the measurement models compared to DEQ. This paper investigates the robustness of DEQ priors to changes in the measurement models. Our results on two imaging inverse problems suggest that DEQ priors trained under mismatched measurement models outperform image denoisers.
Supplementary Table 2 from Acquired Resistance with Epigenetic Alterations Under Long-Term Antiangiogenic Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Genes commonly upregulated in HuH7-F6 and -F12 cells compared with HuH7-F0&lt;/p&gt;
A Nearest Trajectory Strategy for Time Series Prediction (2000)

Various criteria are necessary to assess the efficacy and safety of biological medications in order to grant companies the right to register these medications with the appropriate bodies that regulate their sale. The imminent expiration of the patents on reference biological products which block the cytokine TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-α) raises the possibility of bringing so-called biosimilars to the market (similar to the biologicals of reference products). This occurrence is inevitable, but criteria to adequately evaluate these medications are now needed. Even among controversy, there is a demand from publications correlating the pro-apoptotic mechanism of the original TNF-α antagonists (etanercept, infliximab, adalimumab, golimumab, and certolizumab pegol) in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other diseases. In this article, the authors discuss the possibility of utilizing the pro-apoptotic effect correlated with the regulation of the anti-apoptotic proteins FLIP and NF-κB as new criteria for analyzing the pharmacodynamics of possible biosimilar TNF-α antagonists which should be submitted to regulatory agencies for evaluation.
Analysis of the scattered light component in distorted fluorescence decay profiles using a modified delta function convolution method (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAnalysis of the scattered light component in distorted fluorescence decay profiles using a modified delta function convolution methodJ. M. G. Martinho, L. S. Egan, and Mitchell A. WinnikCite this: Anal. Chem. 1987, 59, 6, 861–864Publication Date (Print):March 15, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 March 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00133a016https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00133a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views107Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Efficient Large-Scale Language Model Training on GPU Clusters (2021)

Large language models have led to state-of-the-art accuracies across a range of tasks. However, training these large models efficiently is challenging for two reasons: a) GPU memory capacity is limited, making it impossible to fit large models on a single GPU or even on a multi-GPU server; and b) the number of compute operations required to train these models can result in unrealistically long training times. New methods of model parallelism such as tensor and pipeline parallelism have been proposed to address these challenges. Unfortunately, naive usage leads to fundamental scaling issues at thousands of GPUs due to various reasons, e.g., expensive cross-node communication or idle periods waiting on other devices. 
In this work, we show how to compose different types of parallelism methods (tensor, pipeline, and data parallelism) to scale to thousands of GPUs, achieving a two-order-of-magnitude increase in the sizes of models we can efficiently train compared to existing systems. We survey techniques for pipeline parallelism and propose a novel interleaved pipeline parallelism schedule that can improve throughput by more than 10% with comparable memory footprint compared to previously-proposed approaches. We quantitatively study the trade-offs between tensor, pipeline, and data parallelism, and provide intuition as to how to configure distributed training of a large model. Our approach allows us to perform training iterations on a model with 1 trillion parameters at 502 petaFLOP/s on 3072 GPUs with achieved per-GPU throughput of 52% of peak; previous efforts to train similar-sized models achieve much lower throughput (36% of theoretical peak). Our code is open sourced at this https URL.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Applications of Diorganozinc Reagents: Beyond Diethylzinc (2011)

Abstract Review: 165 refs.
Influence of shell properties on high-frequency ultrasound imaging and drug delivery using polymer-shelled microbubbles (2012)

This two-part study investigated shell rupture of ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs) under static overpressure conditions and the subharmonic component from UCAs subjected to 20-MHz tonebursts. Five different polylactide-shelled UCAs with shell-thickness-to-radius ratios (STRRs) of 7.5, 30, 40, 65, and 100 nm/¿m were subjected to static overpressure in a glycerol-filled test chamber. A video microscope imaged the UCAs as pressure varied from 2 to 330 kPa over 90 min. Images were postprocessed to obtain the pressure threshold for rupture and the diameter of individual microbubbles. Backscatter from individual UCAs was investigated by flowing a dilute UCA solution through a wall-less flow phantom placed at the geometric focus of a 20-MHz transducer. UCAs were subjected to 10- and 20-cycle tonebursts of acoustic pressures ranging from 0.3 to 2.3 MPa. A method based on singular-value decomposition (SVD) was employed to obtain a cumulative subharmonic score (SHS). Different UCA types exhibited distinctly different rupture thresholds that were linearly related to their STRR, but uncorrelated with UCA size. The rupture threshold for the UCAs with an STRR = 100 nm/μm was more than 4 times greater than the UCAs with an STRR = 7.5 nm/μm. The polymer-shelled UCAs produced substantial subharmonic response but the subharmonic response to 20- MHz excitation did not correlate with STRRs or UCA-rupture pressures. The 20-cycle excitation resulted in an SHS that was 2 to 3 times that of UCAs excited with 10-cycle tonebursts.
Large-electromigration-resistance copper interconnect technology for sub-half-micron ULSI's (2002)

A large-electromigration-resistance copper interconnect technology has been developed using the low-kinetic energy particle process. It was found that grains as large as 100 mu m grow in the copper film formed on SiO/sub 2/ upon the thermal annealing performed after the film growth process. The resistivity of the copper film is as low as 1.78 mu Omega cm at room temperature, which is almost identical to the bulk resistivity. The electromigration lifetime of the copper interconnect is three to five orders of magnitude larger than that of Al-Si-based alloy interconnects. Furthermore, a novel accelerated-electromigration-testing method has been developed to evaluate such long-lifetime copper interconnects within a short period of test time. The method has made it possible to perform comparative studies of various interconnect materials in a very efficient way to establish large-electromigration-resistance interconnection technology.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Analysis of three-dimensional acoustic scattering from doubly periodic structures using a source model (1992)

A novel solution is presented for the problem of three-dimensional acoustic scattering of a time-harmonic plane wave from doubly periodic structures. The general problem is first reduced to a consideration of the fields over a suitably defined unit cell. Sets of fictitious doubly periodic and properly modulated patch sources are used to simulate the fields in the homogeneous regions crossed by the unit cell boundaries. Sets of fictitious point sources are used to simulate the fields inside the regions completely enclosed within the unit cell. The complex amplitudes of the fictitious sources are adjusted to satisfy the boundary conditions at a selected set of points on the boundaries between the regions. The suggested solution procedure is simple to implement and is applicable to doubly periodic structures composed of homogeneous regions of arbitrary shape. Structures comprising acoustically rigid and soft boundaries can also be handled by the procedure. The method has been tested for accuracy by studying the cases of scattering from arrays of spherical scatterers and from doubly periodic sinusoidal surfaces.
Identified particle production, azimuthal anisotropy, and interferometry measurements inAu+Aucollisions atsNN=9.2GeV (2010)

We present the first measurements of identified hadron production, azimuthal anisotropy, and pion interferometry from $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ collisions below the nominal injection energy at the BNL Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC) facility. The data were collected using the large acceptance solenoidal tracker at RHIC (STAR) detector at $\sqrt{{s}_{\mathit{NN}}}=9.2$ GeV from a test run of the collider in the year 2008. Midrapidity results on multiplicity density $\mathit{dN}/\mathit{dy}$ in rapidity $y$, average transverse momentum $\ensuremath{\langle}{p}_{T}\ensuremath{\rangle}$, particle ratios, elliptic flow, and Hanbury-Brown--Twiss (HBT) radii are consistent with the corresponding results at similar $\sqrt{{s}_{\mathit{NN}}}$ from fixed-target experiments. Directed flow measurements are presented for both midrapidity and forward-rapidity regions. Furthermore the collision centrality dependence of identified particle $\mathit{dN}/\mathit{dy}$, $\ensuremath{\langle}{p}_{T}\ensuremath{\rangle}$, and particle ratios are discussed. These results also demonstrate that the capabilities of the STAR detector, although optimized for $\sqrt{{s}_{\mathit{NN}}}=200$ GeV, are suitable for the proposed QCD critical-point search and exploration of the QCD phase diagram at RHIC.
Increased Tight Junction Permeability—A Mechanism of Oestrogen Cholestasis (1981)

Conference Abstract| September 01 1981 Increased Tight Junction Permeability—A Mechanism of Oestrogen Cholestasis E Elias; E Elias 1Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TH Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar S Iqbal; S Iqbal 1Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TH Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar A Hickey; A Hickey 1Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TH Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar R Coleman R Coleman 1Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TH Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Clin Sci (Lond) (1981) 61 (3): 2P. https://doi.org/10.1042/cs061002Pa Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation E Elias, S Iqbal, A Hickey, R Coleman; Increased Tight Junction Permeability—A Mechanism of Oestrogen Cholestasis. Clin Sci (Lond) 1 September 1981; 61 (3): 2P. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/cs061002Pa Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsClinical Science Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1981 The Biochemical Society and the Medical Research Society1981 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Synthesis and Properties of Bicyclo[2.2.2]octadiene- and Benzene-Fused Bis(thiaporphyrin)s (2017)

Abstract In this study, a benzene-fused bis(thiaporphyrin) was synthesized by the retro-Diels–Alder reaction of a bicyclo[2.2.2]octadiene (BCOD)-fused bis(thiaporphyrin) precursor. This precursor was prepared by the double [3+1] porphyrin synthesis of the BCOD-fused dipyrrole with thiatripyrrane. The ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectrum of benzene-fused bis(thiaporphyrin) in dichloromethane was extremely different from that of the corresponding benzene-fused bis(porphyrin). In contrast, extremely similar spectra were obtained in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid. The similar electronic structures in the protonated states were supported by X-ray analysis and time-dependent density-functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations.
Use of Clear Toner in Electrophotography for Security Applications (2008)

Most electrophotographic printers consist of four development modules to generate images based on CYMK process colors. Often a printer hardware design can accommodate more than the standard four development modules. In such cases, extra modules can be used to provide additional features to the resulting image. When colors other than CYMK are used in such fifth or higher electrophotographic modules of a color printer, various enhanced improvements that are possible in the printed image include: spot or corporate colors, extended color gamut colors, and pentachrome or even hexachrome color processes.If a clear toner is used in one of these additional modules, a wide variety of image enrichments can be integrated into the final image. The most common application for the clear toners is to provide a protective barrier to physical abrasion to the image as well as to impart uniform image gloss.Because of increased emphasis on incorporating security features in a color print, clear toner can also be utilized to provide both overt and covert security features within the image. There are several types of security features that can be enabled with the use of these special clear toners. Clear toner can be judiciously placed in or around the image to provide either a positive or a negative watermark to the image. Another security feature that can be enabled with clear toner is raised letter printing to provide a tactile appearance similar to thermography. Not only are these features difficult to copy, but they also provide an easy detection capability. By proper selection of suitable toner additives, clear toner can also be used for alternate features such as traceless security printing and UV fluorescent detection. This work will summarize the novel image features that can be implemented in an electrophotographic system by using a special clear toner in addition to the four process colors.
Prevention of inflammation-mediated acquisition of metastatic properties of benign mouse fibrosarcoma cells by administration of an orally available superoxide dismutase (2006)

Weakly tumorigenic and nonmetastatic QR-32 cells derived from a fibrosarcoma in C57BL6 mouse are converted to malignant cells once they have grown after being coimplanted with a gelatine sponge which induces inflammation. We administered a newly developed peroral superoxide dismutase (SOD), oxykine, and as control vehicle, gliadin and saline, starting 2 days before the coimplantation and continued daily throughout the experiment. In the oxykine group, tumour incidence was lower (41%) than in the gliadin or saline group (83 and 79%, respectively). The inhibitory effect of oxykine was lost when an individual component of oxykine was administered, that is, SOD alone and gliadin alone. The effect was also abolished when administered by intraperitoneal route. When perfused in situ with nitroblue tetrazolium, an indicator of superoxide formation, the tumour masses from gliadin and saline groups displayed intense formazan deposition, whereas, those from oxykine group had less deposition. Enzymatic activity of SOD was also increased in oxykine group. Arising tumour cells in gliadin and saline groups acquired metastatic phenotype, but those in oxykine group showed reduced metastatic ability. These results suggested that the orally active SOD derivative prevented tumour progression promoted by inflammation, which is thought to be through scavenging inflammatory cell-derived superoxide anion.
Liquid Crystalline Polymers Containing Heterocycloalkane Mesogens, Biphasic Side-Chain Liquid Crystalline Polysiloxanes Containing Trans 5-n-undecanyl-2-(4-cyanophenyl)-1,3-Dioxane Side Groups. (1987)

Abstract : Polysiloxanes and copolysiloxanes containing the trans 5-(n-undecanyl)-2-(4-cyanophenyl)-1,3-dioxane side group as mesogen were synthesized. Their phase behavior was studied by differential scanning calorimetry and optical polarization microscopy. Homopolymers containing the mesogen and a copolymer containing 33% of the mesogen showed smectic mesomorphism. The copolymers containing the mesogen showed two well defined Tg and thus present strong evidence for a phase separated morphology.
Guest Editorial: Full Duplex Communications Theory, Standardization, and Practice (2021)

Mobile data traffic grew by more than 50 percent between the first quarters of 2019 and 2020 and is projected to grow by close to a factor of 5 to reach 164 exabytes per month by 2025. This insatiable demand for mobile broadband communication services, including video, social networking, web browsing, audio, software updates, and peer-to-peer file sharing, has been driven by both the rising number of smartphone subscriptions and the increasing average data volume per subscription [1].
Proteomic exploration of soft and hard biocorona onto PEGylated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (2020)

In nanomedicine, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are considered potential candidates as drug delivery systems. The absorption of proteins onto CNTs, after their administration in physiological environment, forms the protein corona or biocorona, which is able to influence their biological properties and biocompatibility. For this reason, characterization of protein corona is a crucial aspect in the research to control CNTs toxicity and capability to target cells. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were functionalized with polyethylene glycol (PEG), chosen considering its well-known biocompatibility, and then incubated in human plasma to create the biocorona. Plasma proteins, which bound around PEGylated CNTs, were detached using five different solutions, grouped into native and denaturant buffers, and used to characterize the two components of biocorona. The proteomic fingerprinting of biocorona was performed by SDS-PAGE and 2D-PAGE separation and mass spectrometry analysis. Native eluents were able to capture proteins of soft corona, characterized by complex secondary structures, and formed by both β-sheet and α-helices domains. Denaturant buffers have eluted many proteins with a high percentage of the α-helix structure that could be involved in specific interactions responsible for the formation of hard corona.