gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oxidative Stress and Stress-Activated Signaling Pathways: A Unifying Hypothesis of Type 2 Diabetes (2002)

In both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, the late diabetic complications in nerve, vascular endothelium, and kidney arise from chronic elevations of glucose and possibly other metabolites including free fatty acids (FFA). Recent evidence suggests that common stress-activated signaling pathways such as nuclear factor-kappaB, p38 MAPK, and NH2-terminal Jun kinases/stress-activated protein kinases underlie the development of these late diabetic complications. In addition, in type 2 diabetes, there is evidence that the activation of these same stress pathways by glucose and possibly FFA leads to both insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion. Thus, we propose a unifying hypothesis whereby hyperglycemia and FFA-induced activation of the nuclear factor-kappaB, p38 MAPK, and NH2-terminal Jun kinases/stress-activated protein kinases stress pathways, along with the activation of the advanced glycosylation end-products/receptor for advanced glycosylation end-products, protein kinase C, and sorbitol stress pathways, plays a key role in causing late complications in type 1 and type 2 diabetes, along with insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion in type 2 diabetes. Studies with antioxidants such as vitamin E, alpha-lipoic acid, and N-acetylcysteine suggest that new strategies may become available to treat these conditions.
Geophysical Well Logging (1990)

This is the completely revised and updated version of the popular and highly regarded textbook, Applied Geophysics. It describes the physical methods involved in exploration for hydrocarbons and minerals, which include gravity, magnetic, seismic, electrical, electromagnetic, radioactivity, and well-logging methods. All aspects of these methods are described, including basic theory, field equipment, techniques of data acquisition, data processing and interpretation, with the objective of locating commercial deposits of minerals, oil, and gas and determining their extent. In the fourteen years or so since the first edition of Applied Geophysics, many changes have taken place in this field, mainly as the result of new techniques, better instrumentation, and increased use of computers in the field and in the interpretation of data. The authors describe these changes in considerable detail, including improved methods of solving the inverse problem, specialized seismic methods, magnetotellurics as a practical exploration method, time-domain electromagnetic methods, increased use of gamma-ray spectrometers, and improved well-logging methods and interpretation.
ChemInform Abstract: Li[LiyMn2‐y]O4 Spinel Cathode Material Prepared by a Solution Method. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Gemmatimonadales (2015)

Abstract Gem.ma.ti.mo.na.da'les. N.L. fem. n. Gemmatimonas type genus of the order; ‐ ales ending to denote an order; N.L. fem. pl. n. Gemmatimonadales the order of the genus Gemmatimonas . Taxonomic and Nomenclature Notes According to the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN), the taxonomic status of the order Gemmatimonadales is: correct name (last update, February 2025) * . LPSN classification: Bacteria / Pseudomonadati / Gemmatimonadota / Gemmatimonadia / Gemmatimonadales The order Gemmatimonadales can also be recovered in the Genome Taxonomy Database (GTDB) as o__Gemmatimonadales (version v220) ** . GTDB classification: d__Bacteria / p__Gemmatimonadota / c__Gemmatimonadetes / o__Gemmatimonadales * Meier‐Kolthoff et al. ( 2022 ). Nucleic Acids Res , 50 , D801 – D807 ; DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab902 ** Parks et al. ( 2022 ). Nucleic Acids Res , 50 , D785 – D794 ; DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab776
Bile acids increase hepatitis B virus gene expression and inhibit interferon‐α activity (2010)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a 3.2 kb DNA virus that preferentially replicates in the liver. A number of transcription factors, including nuclear receptors, regulate the activities of HBV promoters and enhancers. However, the association between these metabolic events and HBV replication remains to be clearly elucidated. In the present study, we assessed the effects of bile acid metabolism on HBV gene expression. Conditions associated with elevated bile acid levels within the liver include choleostatic liver diseases and an increased dietary cholesterol uptake. The results obtained in the present study demonstrate that bile acids promote the transcription and expression of the gene for HBV in hepatic cell lines; in addition, farnesoid X receptor alpha and the c-Jun N-terminal kinase/c-Jun signal transduction pathway mediate the regulatory effect of bile acids. Furthermore, an orphan nuclear receptor, small heterodimer partner protein, is also involved in the bile acid-mediated regulation of HBV gene expression. The bile acid-mediated promotion of HBV gene expression counteracts the antiviral effect of interferon-alpha.
The transparent implementation of fault tolerance in the time-triggered architecture (2003)

The time-triggered architecture (TTA) is a novel architecture for the implementation of fault-tolerant distributed hard real-time systems. The TTA is interface driven, i.e., the different subsystems are encapsulated between interfaces that are fully specified in the value domain and in the time domain at design time. We introduce a new interface that hides all services that are required for the implementation of fault tolerance from the host processors that perform the application functions. Since this new interface corresponds syntactically and semantically to the existing communication interface of the time-triggered protocol (TTP) controller, existing software can be ported to a fault-tolerant configuration with minimal modifications.
Operative Versus Nonoperative Treatment of Acute Achilles Tendon Ruptures (1997)

Although operative treatment provides a reduced rerupture rate compared with nonoperative treatment, the minor and moderate complication rate of operative treatment is 20 times greater. Treatment should be individualized to the concerns and health of the patient. Future clinical trials are necessary to determine the optimal method of both operative and conservative treatment.
Comments on "Picosecond pulse propagation an coplanar striplines fabricated on lossy semiconductor substrates: modeling and experiments"[with reply] (1994)

The objective of this correspondence is to point out that the propagation of picosecond pulses with superluminal speed has been reported in the original paper [see ibid, vol. 41, p. 1574-80, 1993]. A reply is given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Biomarker analysis for UPCI 14-118: Phase II study of pembrolizumab in combination with azacitidine in patients with refractory metastatic colorectal cancer. (2020)

173 Background: DNA mismatch repair (MMR) proficient colorectal cancer (CRC) is resistant to immune checkpoint therapy compared to MMR deficient CRC. DNA hypomethylating agents may promote anti-tumor immune response by re-expression of cancer-testis antigen and reactivating immune genes suppressed by DNA methylation. This trial tested whether epigenetic modulation by concurrent treatment with azacitidine could enhance the anti-tumor activity of pembrolizumab in mCRC. Methods: Phase II trial was conducted to evaluate activity, safety, and tolerability of pembrolizumab in combination with azacitidine in patients with previously treated pMMR metastatic CRC. Patients received pembrolizumab 200 mg IV on day 1 and azacitidine 100 mg daily SQ injection on days 1-5 every 3 weeks. The primary endpoint of the study was ORR. Tumors were biopsied pre-treatment and on-treatment for biomarker studies. Results: 30 patients received at least one dose of therapy. One patient experienced a confirmed partial response, one experienced stable disease. ORR was 3% (1/30; 95% CI, 0.1-17%). Median PFS was 1.9 months, median OS was 6.3 months. Treatment was well tolerated with only one patient (3%) experiencing grade 3 adverse event. The patient with a PR had positive pre-treatment TILs, but no evaluable tumor from on-treatment biopsy. 2 of 6 patients who continued therapy despite PD on first restaging experienced temporary stabilization of disease later. 5 of 16 evaluable biopsy pairs demonstrated increased TILs on treatment compared to baseline; however, all of these patients experienced PD. 10 of 15 paired samples demonstrated decreased methylation of hypermethylated loci on-treatment. Clustering analysis demonstrated a correlation between pre-treatment methylation of immune activation genes with overall survival of the patients. Conclusions: Combining azacitidine and pembrolizumab is safe and tolerable for pMMR mCRC with only limited activity. DNA methylation and TIL changes are detectable after 3 cycles of therapy. DNA methylation of immune activation genes correlate with overall survival. RNA sequencing and peripheral immune cell flow cytometry are ongoing. Clinical trial information: NCT02260440.
A method for weak measurement of photon polarization robust against experimental imperfections (2011)

We realized a simple optical weak measurement of diagonal (PM) polarization of photons by interference between the horizontal and vertical polarization components. This measurement can achieve small back-action even at low visibilities of the interference.
HARK based real-time single pane 3D auditory scene visualizer empowered by speech arrow (2011)

Robot audition, which aims at multiple simultaneous human-robot communications in noisy environments, has undergone rapid development since last decade. For a common scenario, robot audition systems usually generate a huge amount of chronological data. These data fall into several categories: sound source locations and orientations, separated sound sources and recognized speeches. In order to efficiently assist people in understanding and analyzing the scenario, it is necessary to organize the data in a delicate way. To achieve this goal, we suggest Speech Arrow which conveys recognized speeches in animated arrow shaped frames. Speech Arrow is highly integrated, intuitive and vivid. In this paper, a single pane auditory scene visualizer is implemented to support Speech Arrow. The visualizer is 3D real-time virtual reality system based on the open source robot audition system HARK. It includes two versions, one of which restores original auditory scenes with offline raw data. The other analyzes and displays online instant data without any delay to help hearing impaired people. We demonstrate that our visualizer improves auditory awareness considerably with experiments.
Training-based Bayesian MIMO channel and channel norm estimation (2009)

Training-based estimation of channel state information in multi-antenna systems is analyzed herein. Closed-form expressions for the general Bayesian minimum mean square error (MMSE) estimators of the channel matrix and the squared channel norm are derived in a Rayleigh fading environment with known statistics at the receiver side. When the second-order channel statistics are available also at the transmitter, this information can be exploited in the training sequence design to improve the performance. Herein, mean square error (MSE) minimizing training sequences are considered. The structure of the general solution is developed, with explicit expressions at high and low SNRs and in the special case of uncorrelated receive antennas. The optimal length of the training sequence is equal or smaller than the number of transmit antennas.
AB002. Human penile allotransplantation: an emerging option for major genital loss (2017)

Reconstruction of complex functional structures is increasingly being performed with vascularized composite allotransplantation. This reconstructive approach has been used successfully to replace complex functional tissues including the face, hands and limbs. At this time, penile transplantation is under consideration for vascularized composite allotransplantation. Indications for penile transplantation include severe penile tissue loss and congenital penile malformations. Additionally, although traditionally not considered an indication for penile transplantation, its role in gender reassignment surgery has been increasingly considered. Penile transplantation offers an alternative to autogenous reconstruction, particularly when the latter option is disadvantageous on the basis of limited donor tissue availability as well as complexity of surgical revision that commonly is associated with autogenous reconstruction. It is recognized that phalloplasty techniques should achieve such goals as a normal appearing phallus, a mode for successful urinary transport and natural erection ability with sensation. Penile transplantation may offer an alternative for complex genitourinary reconstruction meeting objectives of phalloplasty. However, consideration must be given to various challenges, including ethical and psychosocial considerations as well as concerns of immunosuppression and surgical anatomical complexity. A multidisciplinary approach involving urologic and plastic surgeons, mental health specialists, bioethicists and perioperative clinical providers is essential for establishing a clinical program that offers this therapy.
Development of the next generation Si wafer transfer/stock system (2002)

Clean room air contains many kinds of contaminants such as moisture and organic compounds. The device performance is influenced by them, therefore, Si wafers should not be exposed to clean room air. We have developed the next generation Si wafer transfer/stock system using out-gas free advanced resin and CDA (Clean Dry Air). The advanced resin has various advantageous properties for a Si wafer transfer box and stocker. For example, (1) out-gas free, (2) light weight, (3) high transparency, (4) high strength, etc. Using the advanced resin, we have developed a new Si wafer transfer pod, called BORP (Bottom Opening Removal Pod).
Parthenogenetic Activation of Porcine Oocytes with Guanosine-5′-O-(3′-Thiotriphosphate)1 (1995)

A possible mechanism by which sperm activate oocytes may involve a G protein-mediated signal-transducing pathway. Artificial stimulation of G proteins leads to events very similar to those at fertilization in oocytes of several species. Here we report the effects of activation of a G protein with guanosine-5'-O-(3'-thiotriphosphate) (GTP-gamma-S), a hydrolysis-resistant analog of guanosine triphosphate (GTP), in porcine oocytes. Mature oocytes were injected with 1 mM GTP-gamma-S. In response to injection, oocytes underwent changes normally occurring at fertilization, i.e. cortical granule exocytosis, changes in the protein synthetic profile, pronuclear formation, and development to the blastocyst stage. Guanosine-5'-O-(2-thiodiphosphate) (GDP-beta-S; a metabolically stable analog of guanosine diphosphate [GDP] that inactivates the G protein) and the carrier medium (CM; medium in which the injected compounds were dissolved) were significantly less effective in oocyte activation. It is suggested that porcine oocytes contain the components of a G protein-mediated signaling pathway that might function in oocyte activation at fertilization.
Expression and Distribution Pattern of Aquaporin 4, 5 and 11 in Retinas of 15 Different Species (2016)

Aquaporins (AQPs) are small integral membrane proteins with 13 members in mammals and are essential for water transport across membranes. They are found in many different tissues and cells. Currently, there are conflicting results regarding retinal aquaporin expression and subcellular localization between genome and protein analyses and among various species. AQP4, 7, 9 and 11 were described in the retina of men; whereas AQP6, 8 and 10 were earlier identified in rat retinas and AQP4, 5 and 11 in horses. Since there is a lack of knowledge regarding AQP expression on protein level in retinas of different animal models, we decided to analyze retinal cellular expression of AQP4, 5 and 11 in situ with immunohistochemistry. AQP4 was detected in all 15 explored species, AQP5 and AQP11 in 14 out of 15. Interestingly, AQP4 was unambiguously expressed in Muller glial cells, whereas AQP5 was differentially allocated among the species analyzed. AQP11 expression was Muller glial cell-specific in 50% of the animals, whereas in the others, AQP11 was detected in ganglion cell layer and at photoreceptor outer segments. Our data indicate a disparity in aquaporin distribution in retinas of various animals, especially for AQP5 and 11.
Renal ablation using magnetic resonance-guided high intensity focused ultrasound: Magnetic resonance imaging and histopathology assessment (2016)

Contrast enhanced MRI provides assessment of MRg-HIFU renal ablation. Histopathology demonstrated coagulation necrosis, vascular damage and confirmed the volume of damage seen on MRI.
Development of a 35Mbps Asynchronous Bus Based Communication System for Tactile Sensors (2014)

We have been developing a bus networked tactile sensor system using integrated devices with MEMS force sensors and signal processing LSIs (sensor nodes) to realize the whole body tactile sensation of humanoid robots. Although the MEMS-CMOS integration technology enables the MEMS sensor to have a digital serial communication function which can reduce the number of wires and transferred data, a channel capacity of the bus line is one of the factors to determine the scalability of the system and time resolution of the tactile data. High-speed data transmission of the whole system is a promising way to increase the channel capacity. We developed the 45MHz sensor nodes (previously 1.2MHz). In this paper, we report for the high channel capacity a high-speed asynchronous serial interface system and physical implementation. The interface was implemented on a generic Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) with an 800MHz oversampling based clock and data recovery, which uses a phase-shifted multi clocks (200MHz base clock and 4 phases of it). The developed system confirmed that at maximum 35Mbps bus channel capacity with about 550kHz sensor node packet generation rate can be realized, that means each of 255 sensor nodes on the bus can respond within 1ms on an average.
Multiple mechanisms are involved in new imazamox-resistant varieties of durum and soft wheat (2017)

Weed control in wheat is one of the major goals of farmers in their efforts toward obtaining the highest crop yields for human foods. Several studies (dose-response, enzyme activity, absorption-translocation and metabolism) were conducted to characterize the resistance level of two new wheat cultivars called Rafalín (Triticum aestivum) and Antoñín (T. durum) that were obtained by conventional breeding based on Clearfield® technology; they are resistant (R) to imazamox compared to their sensitive (S) counterparts (Gazul and Simeto, respectively). The R-cultivars were 93.7-fold (Rafalín) and 43.7-fold (Antoñín) more resistant than their respective S-cultivars. The acetolactate synthase (ALS) enzyme activity revealed high resistance to imidazolinone (IMI) herbicides in R-cultivars, but no cross-resistance to other ALS herbicides was found. The Ser653Asn mutation that confers resistance to IMI herbicides was identified in the imi1 and imi2 genes of Rafalín and only in the imi1 gene of Antoñín. The <sup>14</sup>C-imazamox absorption did not differ between the R- and S-cultivars. Imazamox was metabolized by Cyt-P450 into imazamox-hydroxyl and imazamox-glucoside in the R-cultivars, altering their translocation patterns. The differential sensitivity to imazamox between R-cultivars was due to the number of resistance genes that carry each genotype. The R-cultivars Rafalín and Antoñín could be excellent weed control tools.
Molecular sieve properties of mesoporous silica with intraporous nanocarbon (2009)

Biporous carbon–silica materials (CSM) with molecular sieve properties and high sorption capacity were developed by synthesizing nano-sized carbon crystallites in the mesopores of Al-MCM-41.
Mode ordering in tuning fork structures with negative structural coupling for mitigation of common-mode g-sensitivity (2015)

This paper reports a method of mode ordering in tuning fork structures, effectively inducing a negative coupling stiffness between the resonant proof masses. The coupling mechanism selectively stiffens the undesirable in-phase resonance mode and softens the desirable out-of-phase resonance, thus widening the frequency separation between the desirable and undesirable modes of vibration in tuning fork structures. In gyroscopes, the approach leads to improved robustness to fabrication imperfections and immunity to environmental vibrations, while at the same time enhancing the scale factor and reducing the noise. Advantages of the method are illustrated on a Quadruple Mass Gyroscope (QMG) architecture, which was previously reported. It is experimentally demonstrated that the common-mode g-sensitivity can be reduced by over 20 times with design modifications resulting in mode re-ordering.
Double-Tailed Perfluoroalkylated Glycolipids as Components for Drug Delivery and Targeting Systems. Preliminary Biocompatibility Results (1994)

Vesicles are being investigated as drug carriers, especially for enhancing the therapeutic effectiveness of the drug while minimizing its side effects. Drug targeting can be achieved if there is a specific recognition of the vesicle's outer wall by specific cells. With these objectives in mind new glycolipids fitted with fluorinated, hydrogenated or mixed, single and double-tails, containing either a gluco- or a galactopyranose residue in their hydrophilic head, were synthesized and their ability to achieve self-organized supramolecular systems was assessed. Replacement of hydrogen by fluorine in these glycolipids was found to enhance biological tolerance. Thus, a fluorinated single-tailed glycolipid displayed no action on red blood cells at concentrations as high as 50 g/l while its hydrogenated analog was hemolytic at 5 g/l. 100% of survival was obtained one month after intravenous or intraperitoneal injection into mice of isotonic dispersions of single and double-tailed glycolipids at a dose of 500 mg/kg. These glycolipids were innocuous on Namalva cell cultures at a concentration of 0.1 g/l.
Dienes Polymerization: Where We Are and What Lies Ahead (2021)

Recently, the research activity in the field of the stereospecific polymerization of conjugated dienes has focused on the use of catalysts based on organometallic complexes having a well-defined structure and containing ligands of various types (e.g., phosphines, bis-imines, and pyridylimines), since it has been observed that the nature of the ligand, as expected on the basis of the diene polymerization mechanism proposed several years ago by Porri, is able to exert a strong influence on the polymerization regio- and stereoselectivity, on the polymer molecular weights and their distribution, and in some cases to impart a living feature to the catalysts themselves. In this Perspective we highlight the most recent results obtained in this field and discuss possible future developments in this area.