gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) in the recycling of nickel and cadmium battery metals using electrodeposition (2023)

Cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) were employed in the aqueous electrodeposition of nickel and cadmium for battery metal recycling. The electrowinning of mixed Ni-Cd metal ion recycling solutions demonstrated that cadmium with a purity of over 99% could be selectively extracted while leaving the nickel in the solution. Two types of CNFs were evaluated: negatively charged CNFs (a-CNF) obtained through acid hydrolysis (-75 μeq. g<sup>-1</sup>) and positively charged CNFs (q-CNF) functionalized with quaternary ammonium groups (+85 μeq. g<sup>-1</sup>). The inclusion of CNFs in the Ni-Cd electrolytes induced growth of cm-sized dendrites in conditions where dendrites were otherwise not observed, or increased the degree of dendritic growth when it was already present to a lesser extent. The augmented dendritic growth correlated with an increase in deposition yields of up to 30%. Additionally, it facilitated the formation of easily detachable dendritic structures, enabling more efficient processing on a large scale and enhancing the recovery of the toxic cadmium metal. Regardless of the charged nature of the CNFs, both negatively and positively charged CNFs led to a significant formation of protruding cadmium dendrites. When deposited separately, dendritic growth and increased deposition yields remained consistent for the cadmium metal. However, dendrites were not observed during the deposition of nickel; instead, uniformly deposited layers were formed, albeit at lower yields (20%), when positively charged CNFs were present. This paper explores the potential of utilizing cellulose and its derivatives as the world's largest biomass resource to enhance battery metal recycling processes.
Copper‐Catalyzed Direct Arylation of Indoles and Related (Hetero)arenes: A Ligandless and Solvent‐free Approach (2020)

Abstract A ligandless and solvent‐free copper‐catalyzed method for the regioselective C−H bond arylation of indoles and related heteroarenes is reported. The use of CuCl efficiently catalyzes the direct coupling of diverse heteroarenes with aryl iodides via chelation‐assistance. This reaction could tolerate sensitive and structurally diverse functionalities, including halides, ethers, thioethers, amines, indolyl, pyrrolyl and carbazolyl groups. The directing group, 2‐pyridinyl can be smoothly removed to generate C‐2 arylated free‐ NH indoles, and the arylated indoles can further be functionalized into Tryptamine derivatives. Preliminary mechanistic study revealed a radical pathway for the arylation reaction. magnified image
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Studies at Durham on Direct Fluorination (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
New Diphenylacetylenes as Probes for Positron Emission Tomographic Imaging of Amyloid Plaques (2007)

A series of 18F fluoropegylated diphenylacetylenes as probes for binding to Abeta plaques were successfully prepared. These relatively rigid acetylenes, 12a, 12b, 14a, and 14b, displayed high binding affinities in postmortem AD brain homogenates (Ki ranging from 1.2 to 2.9 nM). In vivo biodistribution in normal mice exhibited excellent initial brain penetrations (4.42, 4.55, 5.41, and 6.78% dose/g at 2 min for [18F]12a, 12b, 14a, and 14b, respectively). [18F]12b and [18F]14b, with a longer fluoropegylated unit, that is, n=3, showed faster brain washout at 30 min postinjection (0.42 and 1.57% dose/g) as compared to the shorter fluoropegylated chain ligands, that is, [18F]12a and [18F]14a (1.03 and 3.69% dose/g). Autoradiography and homogenate binding confirmed the high binding signal due to Abeta plaques. These preliminary results suggest that the novel diphenylacetylenes may be potentially useful for imaging of Abeta plaques in the brain of patients with Alzheimer's disease.
Open-source, community-driven microfluidics with Metafluidics (2017)

Microfluidic devices have the potential to automate and miniaturize biological experiments, but open-source sharing of device designs has lagged behind sharing of other resources such as software. Synthetic biologists have used microfluidics for DNA assembly, cell-free expression, and cell culture, but a combination of expense, device complexity, and reliance on custom set-ups hampers their widespread adoption. We present Metafluidics, an open-source, community-driven repository that hosts digital design files, assembly specifications, and open-source software to enable users to build, configure, and operate a microfluidic device. We use Metafluidics to share designs and fabrication instructions for both a microfluidic ring-mixer device and a 32-channel tabletop microfluidic controller. This device and controller are applied to build genetic circuits using standard DNA assembly methods including ligation, Gateway, Gibson, and Golden Gate. Metafluidics is intended to enable a broad community of engineers, DIY enthusiasts, and other nontraditional participants with limited fabrication skills to contribute to microfluidic research.
Assignment of a locus required for flavoprotein-linked monooxygenase expression to human chromosome 2. (1976)

Hybrid clones segregating human chromosomes were prepared by fusing mouse RAG cells to fresh human bone marrow cells and tested for the mixed-function oxygenase [flavoprotein-linked monooxygenase; RH, reduced-flavoprotein:oxygen oxidoreductase (RH-hydroxylating); EC 1.14.14.1] arylhydrocarbon hydrocarbon hydroxylase. Neither constitutive nor induced aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity was detected in parental RAG cells. Induced aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase was expressed in 4 out of 12 primary and 12 out of 19 secondary hybrid clones examined. Constitutive hydroxylase activity was detectable in 9 of the 15 inducible clones. All of the hybrid clones that exhibited constitutive hydroxylase activity were also inducible. There was a positive correlation between constitutive and induced hydroxylase activities although the absolute levels of the enzyme showed a wide range between different clones. Isozyme analysis performed on 12 primary and 19 secondary hybrid clones showed that aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity was concordant with the expression of the human isozymes malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.37) and isocitrate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.42), previously assigned to human chromosome 2. Isozyme markers for 19 other human chromosomes segregated independently from aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity. The results suggest that the gene(s) required for aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity are located on human chromosome 2.
Resist charging in electron-beam lithography (1998)

Electron beam exposure of masks and wafers results in charging of the insulting resist film. This charging results in an electric field which deflects incoming electrons and can be a serious source of pattern placement error in electron-beam lithography. In earlier work (Ingino et al. 1992) the surface potential was found to be positive or even zero under certain conditions. In this study, a model is developed to explain this effect and the surface potential is measured by an independent method, a Kelvin probe non-contacting electrostatic voltmeter. This new study confirms qualitatively the findings of the first study. An area of PBS resist measuring a few square millimeters is exposed using a Gaussian focused probe and moved under the Kelvin probe immediately after exposure to measure the surface potential. Thicker resist tended to charge more negatively. The model and experiments confirm early studies that the surface potential is a function of resist thickness, and that there may exist a resist thickness where the surface charge is essentially zero.
P1‐042: Aβ oligomers in CSF are a biomarker for Alzheimer's disease (2012)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a fatal neurodegenerative and progressive disorder. Currently, no reliable biomarkers for pre-symptomatic diagnosis or therapy monitoring are available. Recent studies indicate that especially soluble amyloid beta peptide (Aβ) oligomers are the major toxic species during development and progression of AD. Therefore, we suggest that the number of Aβ oligomers in body fluids can be used as the most relevant and direct biomarker for AD. Here we present decisive improvements of the surface fluorescence intensity distribution analysis (sFIDA) assay to be used as a tool for quantification of Aβ oligomers with single particle sensitivity. We show that the optimized assay allows for counting Aβ oligomers in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). We challenged the assay with CSF samples from 14 AD patients and 12 age-matched control subjects. The Aβ oligomer count revealed a surprisingly clear distinction between both groups. All samples of the control group showed homogenously low numbers of Aβ oligomers, while the samples of the AD group exhibited significantly higher levels of Aβ oligomers with high variability. The Aβ oligomer levels clearly correlated with the patients' mini-mental state examination (MMSE) scores. Our results support the idea that Aβ oligomers play a crucial role in AD pathology and in turn can be used as a diagnostic biomarker. The sFIDA assay is able to reliably quantify the Aβ oligomers in human CSF. In addition, the correlation between MMSE scores and Aβ oligomer counts suggests that the quantity of Aβ oligomers in CSF even reflects the severity of the disease. Further studies will reveal whether anti-Aβ targeted therapies can be evaluated and monitored based on the Aβ oligomer counts in treated individuals.
13. M (2002)

PreviousNext No AccessEncyclopedic Dictionary of Applied Geophysics, Fourth edition13. MAuthors: Robert E. SheriffRobert E. SheriffProfessor, University of Houstonhttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.9781560802969.chm SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.9781560802969.chmFiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByGeophysical Characterization of Liquefied Terrains Using the Electrical Resistivity and Induced Polarization Methods: The Case of the Emilia Earthquake 201227 September 2015Elastic Anisotropy of a Metamorphic Rock Sample of the Canadian Shield in Northeastern Alberta8 November 2014 | Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, Vol. 48, No. 4 Encyclopedic Dictionary of Applied Geophysics, Fourth editionISBN (print):978-1-56080-118-4ISBN (online):978-1-56080-296-9Copyright: 2002 Pages: 442 publication data© 2002 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means without written permission of the publisherPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished in print: 01 Jan 2002 CITATION INFORMATION Robert E. Sheriff, (2002), "13. M," Geophysical References Series : 218-240. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.9781560802969.chm Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
An integrated microfluidic culture device for quantitative analysis of human embryonic stem cells (2008)

We have successfully designed and fabricated an integrated microfluidic platform, the hESC-microChip, which is capable of reproducible and quantitative culture and analysis of individual hESC colonies in a semi-automated fashion. In this device, a serpentine microchannel allows pre-screening of dissociated hESC clusters, and six individually addressable cell culture chambers enable parallel hESC culture, as well as multiparameter analyses in sequence. In order to quantitatively monitor hESC proliferation and pluripotency status in real time, knock-in hESC lines with EGFP driven by the endogenous OCT4 promoter were constructed. On-chip immunoassays of several pluripotency markers were carried out to confirm that the hESC colonies maintained their pluripotency. For the first time, our studies demonstrated well characterized hESC culture and analysis in a microfluidic setting, as well as a proof-of-concept demonstration of parallel/multiparameter/real-time/automated examination of self-renewal and differentiation in the same device.
Targeting CLEC12A with Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells Can Overcome the Chemotherapy Refractoriness of Leukemia Stem Cells (2017)

Chemo-refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is associated with poor prognosis and treatment options are extremely limited. Chemo-refractory AML is thought to arise due to selection pressure of resistant clones from prior use of chemotherapy or in some cases pre-exist due to properties of the leukemic stem cells (LSC). CLEC12A (also known as CLL1) has previously been described as being selectively over expressed in LSCs. Successful modalities to target CLEC12A and eradicate the LSC would overcome chemo-refractoriness in AML and would represent a vertical advance in the field. In this study, we confirm that CLEC12A is heterogenously expressed on AML blasts and over-expressed on AML LSC. We also show that CLEC12A is overexpressed on bone marrows from patients with AML that fail to achieve a complete remission after induction chemotherapy, suggesting that it could be a marker for residual disease that is refractory to chemotherapy. We then separated AML blasts into CLEC12A positive or negative cells by magnetic sorting. CLEC12A positive blasts were more resistant to chemotherapy compared to CLEC12A negative blasts (killing of 20% versus 43%, respectively when cultured with cytarabine 10 mg/ml, P = .01). We then evaluated CLEC12A resistance to chemotherapy in a patient derived AML xenograft model. We found a relative increase in CLEC12A positive cells post Ara-C induction chemotherapy in AML xenograft models (Figure 1). This observation provided a solid rationale to target CLEC12A with chimeric antigen receptor T (CART) cells. We therefore developed a CLEC12A directed CAR construct using CD3z and 41BB costimulatory domains and generated CLEC12A CART cells by lentiviral transduction with this construct. To test the in vivo anti-leukemic activity of CLEC12A CARTs, we used primary human AML blasts xenografted into NSG-S mice (NOD-SCID-γc−/−, additionally transgenic for human stem cell factor, IL3 and GM-CSF). Treatment with CLEC12A CART (single dose, 1 × 105 total T cells via tail vein injection) resulted in modest activity against AML when employed as monotherapy. To investigate the potential role of CLEC12A CART cells in eradication of MRD and LSC, mice were treated first with chemotherapy (cytarabine 60 mg/kg intraperitoneal injection daily for 5 days) followed by a single dose (1 × 105 total T cells via tail vein injection) of either CLEC12A CARTs or control untransduced T cells (UTD). Treatment with CLEC12A CART cells resulted in eradication of leukemia and prolonged survival in these mice (overall survival at 200 days of 100% after CLEC12A CARTs compared to 20% after UTD, P = .01, Figure 2). In conclusion, our preclinical studies reveal that CLEC12A positive cells in leukemia are resistant to chemotherapy and can be successfully targeted with CART cells. CLEC12A CART cells can potentially be employed as a consolidation regimen after induction chemotherapy to eradicate LSC and MRD in AML.
Improving efficiency in hazard mapping (2020)

Estimation of hazard exposure for workers is a key requirement in improving occupational safety. Personal exposure may be estimated with wearable equipment worn by each worker, or a network of sensors throughout the workplace that create a hazard map. Hazard mapping utilizes data from the sensors to interpolate exposure levels at any given location. An experiment was conducted comparing three different interpolation methods: a traditional Kriging model, a physics-based model, and a hybrid model that combines the two. Noise data were collected in four different settings, and the interpolation models were tested on real levels of noise in over 10,000 model simulations. The hybrid model performed the strongest in terms of accuracy in almost all scenarios. In the few scenarios where another model performed better, the hybrid model performed within 10% accuracy of the better model. The hybrid model performed especially well in scenarios where fewer data points were present, showing that the hazard mapping process can have its cost reduced by implementing the model. The hybrid model may also be used in future work for hazard mapping with other hazards besides noise, such as gasesand aerosols.
Direct‐Write Dip‐Pen Nanolithography of Proteins on Modified Silicon Oxide Surfaces (2003)

Schreiben mit Proteinen: Protein-Nanostrukturen können durch Direktschrift-DPN (DPN=dip-pen nanolithography) auf modifizierte Siliciumdioxidoberflächen aufgebracht werden (siehe Bild). Diese Technik ermöglicht Manipulationen an 50–550 nm großen Objekten. Fluoreszenzspektroskopie-Studien zeigen, dass die Aktivität der Proteine während des Prozesses erhalten bleibt.
Test of a new sub-90-nm DR overlay mark for DRAM production (2004)

An improved overlay mark design was applied in high end semiconductor manufacturing to increase the total overlay measurement accuracy with respect to the standard box-in-box target. A comprehensive study has been conducted on the basis of selected front-end and back-end DRAM layers (short loop) to characterize contributors to overlay error. This analysis is necessary to keep within shrinking overlay budget requirements.
Extending the Working Range of Immunoanalysis by Exploitation of Two Monoclonal Antibodies (2004)

A newly established rat monoclonal antibody (mAb) for isoproturon, namely, IOC 10G7, is described. This mAb shows a standard curve for isoproturon in phosphate-buffered saline with a test midpoint of 5.5 +/- 1.8 microg/L (n = 15). In combination with the formerly developed mAb IOC 7E1, IOC 10G7 can be exploited to extend the working range for the analysis of isoproturon. Both antibodies were formatted into a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), using the same enzyme-tracer. MAb IOC 7E1 and mAb IOC 10G7 have different affinities for the target compound, but the signal-response curves of the single antibodies overlap. Cross-reactivity (CR) patterns of both antibodies are comparable, showing the highest CR for the metabolite 1-(4-isopropylphenyl)-3-methylurea (IOC 10G7, 9%; IOC 7E1, 19%). The system described here includes the combined, but individual, usage of both assays on one microtiter plate, as well as the strategy for mixing the two antibodies for the utilization in one assay. When standards are performed in Milli-Q water, the working range for isoproturon with the individual ELISAs using mAb IOC 7E1 is from 0.01 to 1 microg/L (test midpoint = 0.11 +/- 0.03 microg/L; n = 17) and with IOC 10G7, it is 1-100 microg/L (test midpoint = 10.3 +/- 1.6 microg/L; n = 32). The working range with mixed antibodies is usually on the order of 0.03-30 microg/L (test midpoint = 0.5 +/- 0.2 microg/L; n = 17). These strategies (mAbs individually and mixed) cover a range of 4 and 3 orders of magnitude, respectively. As a demonstration, water samples of different origins and an extract of mixed sediment were analyzed. The advantages of these strategies are discussed.
Machine Learning-Aided Design of Dielectric-Filled Slotted Waveguide Antennas With Specified Sidelobe Levels (2022)

This paper presents the use of machine learning (ML) to facilitate the design of dielectric-filled Slotted Waveguide Antennas (SWAs) with specified sidelobe level ratios (SLR). Conventional design methods for air-filled SWAs require the simultaneous solving of complex equations to deduce the antenna’s design parameters, which typically requires further manual simulation-based optimization to reach the desired resonance frequency and SLR. The few works that investigated the design of filled SWAs, did not optimize the design for a specified SLR. For an accelerated design process in the case of specified SLRs, we formulate the design of dielectric-filled SWAs as a regression problem where based on input specifications of the antenna’s SLR, reflection coefficient, frequency of operation, and relative permittivity of the dielectric material, the developed ML model predicts the filled SWA’s design parameters with very low error. These parameters include the unified slots length and the non-uniform slot displacements required to achieve the desired performance. We experiment with several regressive ML algorithms and provide a comparative study of their results. Our numerical evaluations and validation experiments with the best performing ML models demonstrate the high efficiency of the proposed ML approach in estimating the dielectric-filled SWA’s design parameters in only a few milliseconds. A comparison to the design obtained through conventional optimization using the Genetic Algorithm also indicates superiority of the ML models in computation time and resulting antenna performance.
A002 Development of A High-Precision Hybrid CNC Machine Tool for In-Situ Fabricating A Biomedical-Slide Mold (2013)

The study presents a novel approach to the fabrication of a biomedical-slide mold for in-situ producing convex platform quantitative cell-counting slides made of PMMA. The process incorporates three important procedures: 1) the development of a high-precision hybrid dual-spindle CNC machine tool; 2) the formation of a boron-doped polycrystalline composite diamond (BD-PCD) wheel-tool on the machine tool developed; and 3) the cutting of a multi-groove -biomedical-slide mold array using the formed diamond wheel-tool in-situ on the developed machines. The factors influencing formation of the wheel-tool and generation of the microgroove array are discussed in detail.
Continuous Polymerizations in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (2002)

We have developed a system for the continuous polymerization of various monomers in scCO2 and the continuous removal of polymer particles from high-pressure to ambient conditions. Experiments have been performed with the surfactant-free precipitation polymerization of vinylidene fluoride (VF2) and acrylic acid (AA) utilizing diethyl peroxydicarbonate (DEPDC) as the free-radical initiator for VF2, and 2,2'-azobis(isobutyronitrile) (AIBN) as the freeradical initiator for AA. The PVDF and AA polymers were collected as dry, "free-flowing" powders. Tunable bimodal molecular weight distributions (MWDs) of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) were achieved by varying the VF2 concentration. The conversion of VF2 in these polymerizations ranged from 7 to 26%, and the rate of polymerization (Rp) reached a maximum of 27 x 10-5 mol/L-s at a VF2 feed monomer concentration of 2.5 mol/L at 75 °C. Homogeneous freeradical kinetics provided a good approximation for the rate of polymerization (Rp) of this heterogeneous polymerization. The PVDF material was characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and melt flow index (MFI) giving Mw's up to 104 kg/mol, and MFI's as low as 3.0 at 230 °C.
Parallel-plate leaky waveguides in the terahertz range (2015)

We describe a leaky-wave antenna based on a parallel-plate metal waveguide, suitable for use in the terahertz range. The emission from the antenna is highly directional. It can be controlled by shaping the waveguide plates, for engineering of terahertz wave fronts.