gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
NMR solution structure of a DNA dodecamer containing single G*T mismatches (1998)

The three-dimensional solution structure of the self-complementary DNA dodecamer (CGT_GACGT_TACG above GCAT_TGCAG_TGC] which contains the thermodynamically destabilizing [TG_A above AT_T] motif was determined using two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy and simulated annealing protocols. Relaxation matrix analysis methods were used to yield accurate NOE derived distance restraints. Scalar coupling constants for the sugar protons were determined by quantitative simulations of DQF-COSY cross-peaks and used to determine sugar pucker populations. Twenty refined structures starting from random geometries converged to an average pairwise root mean square deviation of 0.49 A. Back calculated NOEs give Rc and Rx factors of 0.38 and 0.088, respectively. The final structure shows that each of the single G@T mismatches form a wobble pair with two hydrogen bonds where the guanine projects into the minor groove and the thymine projects into the major groove. The incorporation of the destabilizing [TG_A above AT_T] motif has little effect on the backbone torsion angles and helical parameters compared to standard B-form duplexes, which may explain why G.T mismatches are among the most commonly observed in DNA. The structure shows that perturbations caused by a G.T mismatch extend only to its neighboring Watson-Crick base pair, thus providing a structural basis for the applicability of the nearest-neighbor model to the thermodynamics of internal G.T mismatches.
A Novel Mouse Model for Evaluation and Prediction of HLA-A2-restricted CEA Cancer Vaccine Responses (2009)

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A2.1 transgenic mice (HHD) represent a valuable model to study and predict the immunogenicity of vaccines against pathogens. However, HHD mice are unsuitable for in vivo studies of cancer vaccines against human tumor-associated antigens because they lack T-cell tolerance that is key to define the potency of the treatment. In this study, we developed HHD/carcinoembryonic antigen P(CEA) hybrid mice by breeding transgenic mice homozygous for CEA with HHD. These mice express human CEA, present epitopes solely through HLA-A2.1 molecules and constitute a unique in vivo animal model to study HLA-A2.1-restricted immune response of a human CEA-based vaccine. Owing to the immune tolerance, HHD/CEA mice show a limited immune response and expansion of a different and restricted T-cell receptor repertoire after antigen-specific stimulation. Our data show that genetic vectors expressing CEA and peptide-based vaccines are able to efficiently break immune tolerance against CEA and to elicit strong immune response against HLA-A2.1-restricted CEA epitopes. Most importantly, efficient lysis of human CEA+/HLA-A2.1+ tumor cells was observed and significant protection against HHD/CEA tumor cells was achieved in HHD/CEA-vaccinated mice. Hence, HHD/CEA provides a relevant model for the evaluation of the potential efficacy of human CEA-based vaccines.
PHARMACOLOGICAL EVIDENCE FOR THE EXISTENCE OF TWO COMPONENTS IN THE TWITCH RESPONSE TO FIELD STIMULATION OF DETRUSOR STRIPS FROM THE RAT URINARY BLADDER (1985)

Isolated strips from the anterior dome of the rat urinary bladder respond to single pulse field stimulation with a contraction. Two distinct components of this contraction ("early' and "late') could be observed, both of which were unaffected by hexamethonium (10 microM) and almost abolished by tetrodotoxin (1 microM) indicating their dependence on neurotransmitter release from postganglionic nerve endings. Atropine (3 microM) inhibited the "late' component (over 60%) to a significantly greater extent than the "early' component (less than 10%) Amplitude of the "early' component was usually greater than that of the "late' component. There was almost no difference between the "early' and "late' component in respect of their relationship to stimulus strength and pulse duration. Physostigmine (0.03 microM) enhanced both components of the nerve-mediated contraction, although enhancement of the "late' component was much greater than that of the "early' one. Tetraethylammonium (TEA, 0.5-5 mM) enhanced, in a concentration-related manner, both "early' and "late' components of the nerve-mediated contraction. Following exposure to physostigmine or TEA (5 mM) both "early' and "late' components of contraction were almost completely inhibited by tetrodotoxin. Atropine inhibition was more evident on the "late' as compared to "early' component of contraction. These findings demonstrate the presence, in the twitch response of rat isolated urinary bladder to field stimulation, of two nerve-mediated components which exhibit a different susceptibility to atropine and physostigmine.
ChemInform Abstract: Prepraration and Properties of Proteinaceous Microspheres Made Sonochemically (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Strength analysis of unidirectional composites to explain fiber bundle splitting (2019)

This paper proposes a 0° tensile strength prediction model for unidirectional composites with a low interfacial strength or low matrix yield stress applied to carbon fiber reinforced polypropylene. First, a critical dimension of broken fiber cluster in the presence of splitting is formulated using the principles of fracture mechanics. Based on the geometry of fiber packing, a relation between the rate of fiber breakage and the probability distribution of the cluster dimension is derived. Lastly, the assumption that the cross-sectional area separated by splitting sustains no load is used as a discounting factor to reduce the tensile stress in the unidirectional composites and the stress–strain relation is then predicted. The discounting factor is calculated by comparing the probability distribution for the cluster dimensions estimated from the rate of fiber breakage with that of the critical cluster dimension, both of which are functions of fiber stress. When the interfacial toughness related to the critical cluster dimension is estimated from the single-fiber pull-out test and substituted into this model, the predicted tensile strengths are in good agreement with the experimental results.
Health Economic Studies (2014)

With a basic understanding of health economic analysis, clinicians can be informed consumers of these important studies.
Insulin‐loaded nanocapsules for oral administration: In vitro and in vivo investigation (2000)

The purpose of this work was to investigate the ability of poly(isobutylcyanoacrylate) nanocapsules to protect insulin from degradation by proteolytic enzymes providing biologically active insulin by the oral route. Insulin was labeled with Texas Red® for release studies and microscopy observations. The fluorescent marker was mostly retained by the nanocapsules incubated in the reconstituted gastric medium but the release was 75% within 30 min when the nanocapsules were incubated in the reconstituted intestinal medium. Turbidimetric measurements and electron microscopy observations confirmed that the nanocapsules were degraded in the reconstituted intestinal medium, whereas nanocapsule integrity was preserved in the reconstituted gastric medium. In vivo studies of the gastrointestinal distribution of insulin-loaded nanocapsules after oral feeding showed that nanocapsules were retained by the stomach for 30 min. One hour after oral administration, nanocapsules reached the lower part of the intestine (ileum). Fluorescence microscopy and confocal microscopy carried out on portions of the small intestine revealed the presence of concentrated fluorescent spots into the mucosa and even in the lamina propia, suggesting that insulin-loaded nanocapsules could cross the intestinal epithelium. These data suggest that PIBCA nanocapsules can efficiently protect insulin when given orally. In addition, they seemed to be significantly involved in the absorption mechanism. Drug Dev. Res. 49:109–117, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Quantitative Modeling of Communication Cost for Global Service Delivery (2009)

IT service providers are increasingly utilizing globally distributed resources to drive down costs, reduce risk through diversification and gain access to a larger talent pool. However, fostering effective collaboration among geographically distributed resources is a difficult challenge. In this paper, we present our initial attempt to quantify the increased overhead in leveraging distributed resources as one of the project costs. We associate this overhead cost measurement with metrics that measure communication quality, such as reduction in productivity and communication delay. These metrics can in turn be computed as functions of underlying project parameters. To achieve this goal, we first build a project communication model (PCM) to categorize different types of collaborative communication. We then represent communication efficiency and changes in resource availability in terms of information theoretic concepts such as reduced channel capacity, information encoding efficiency and channel availability. This analysis is used to help determine the cost associated with team formation and task distribution during the project planning phase.
Erratum to: Study of $$ {\mathrm{B}}_{\mathrm{s}}^0 $$ → J/ψπ+π−K+K− decays (2021)

The original article has been corrected.
Residual Convolutional LSTM for Tweet Count Prediction (2018)

The tweet count prediction of a local spatial region is to forecast the number of tweets that are likely to be posted from that area over a relatively short period of time. It has many applications such as human mobility analysis, traffic planning, and abnormal event detection. In this paper, we formulate tweet count prediction as a spatiotemporal sequence forecasting problem and design an end-to-end convolutional LSTM based network with skip connection for this problem. Such a model enables us to exploit the unique properties of spatiotemporal data, consisting of not only the temporal characteristics such as temporal closeness, period and trend properties but also spatial dependencies. Our experiments on the city of Seattle, WA as well as a larger city of New York City show that the proposed method consistently outperforms the competitive baseline approaches.
Spatiotemporal behavior of localized current filaments inp-n-p-ndiodes: Numerical calculations and comparison with experimental results (1994)

A two-component evolution equation of reaction-diffusion type derived recently to describe experimental results on the self-organization of current-density filaments in silicon p-n-p-n diodes has been solved numerically. By using physically reasonable parameters and applying different boundary conditions, good qualitative agreement with experimental results is obtained. In particular, the following bifurcation scenario obtained by increasing the external driving voltage in the experiment can be reproduced in the calculations: stationary homogeneous current-density distribution leads to static current filament leads to rocking current filament leads to traveling current filament. Furthermore, it is shown that a period-doubling cascade of integral system variables, as, e.g., the device voltage, strongly correlates with the spatiotemporal filament motion which undergoes the same period-doubling route. Even quantitative agreement between numerical and experimental results could be achieved to some extent.
Hydrogen-1 and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance studies of gold (I) thiomalate (‘Myocrisin’) in aqueous solution: dependence of the solution structure on pH and ionic strength (1981)

The conformation of thiomalate (mercaptosuccinate) in neutral aqueous solutions of the anti-arthritic drug aurothiomalate has been determined by analysis of 1H–1H and 1H–13C three-bond n.m.r. coupling constants. The results indicate the formation of a low molecular weight polymer with only sulphur co-ordination for AuI. At high ionic strength additional 1H and 13C n.m.r. resonances appear and peaks broaden, consistent with the formation of higher molecular weight species with up to three different environments for thiomalate. Structural changes are accompanied by a new electronic absorption band at 340 nm. High molecular weight polymers are also formed at low pH, where the 1H and 13C resonances are severely broadened.
Tailor‐made Nanometer‐scale Patterns of Photo‐switchable Prussian Blue Analogues (2010)

Combining the fascinating electronic properties of Prussian blue analogues and the exceptional processing possibilities inherent in nanostructured oxide chemistry, photo-switchable Prussian blue nanoparticles have been successfully grown within the well-defined craters of a TiO2 nanoperforated monolayer. Each Prussian blue particle can potentially act as a single memory bit. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Comparison of Turbulence-Induced Scintillations for Multi-Wavelength Laser Beacons Over Tactical (7 km) and Long (149 km) Atmospheric Propagation Paths (2011)

Abstract : We report results of the experimental analysis of atmospheric effects on laser beam propagation over two distinctive propagation paths: a long-range (149 km) propagation path between Mauna Loa (Island of Hawaii) and Haleakala (Island of Maui) mountains, and a tactical-range (7 km) propagation path between the roof of the Dayton Veterans Administration Medical Center (VAMC) and the Intelligent Optics Laboratory (IOL/UD) located on the 5th floor of the University of Dayton College Park Center building. Both testbeds include three laser beacons operating at wavelengths 532 nm, 1064 nm, and 1550 nm and a set of identical optical receiver systems with fast-framing IR cameras for simultaneous measurements of pupil and focal plane intensity distributions. The results reported here are focused on analysis of intensity scintillations that were simultaneously measured at three wavelengths. Comparison of experimental results shows significant differences in the physics of atmospheric turbulence impact on laser beam propagation over the long- and tactical-range distances.
Lithium-Ion Battery Pulse/High Rate Demonstration (2003)

Abstract : Performance of lithium-ion batteries at low temperatures and/or high rates is relatively poor due to high cell internal impedance. The ac impedance spectroscopy was utilized to determine the impedance characteristics of lithium-ion cells as a function of state-of-charge, temperature, and cycle number. From this impedance characterization, optimal pulse current discharge times and discharge battery temperatures were selected to enhance the lithium-ion battery discharge performance.
Spintronics (2010)

Spintronics encompasses the ever-evolving field of magnetic electronics. It is an applied discipline that is so forward-looking that much of the research that supports it is at the center of basic condensed matter physics. This review provides a perspective on recent developments in switching magnetic moments by spin-polarized currents, electric fields, and photonic fields. Developments in the field continue to be strongly dependent on the exploration and discovery of novel material systems. An array of novel transport and thermoelectric effects dependent on the interplay between spin and charge currents have been explored theoretically and experimentally in recent years. The review highlights select areas that hold promise for future investigation and attempts to unify and further inform the field.
High-speed Dynamic Imaging with a Real Time Tomography System (2012)

The Real Time Tomography (RTT) system is a new type of fast cone beam CT scanner, using fixed rings of multiple sources and detectors in an offset geometry. We demonstrate the potential of this system for use in the imaging of high speed dynamic processes, such as moving fluid flows. Through the use of a simple temporal regularisation term, we show that temporal resolution can be further increased, at the expense of a slight loss in spatial resolution.
A Multi-Factor Battery Cycle Life Prediction Methodology for Optimal Battery Management (2015)

Affordability of battery energy storage critically depends on low capital cost and high lifespan. Estimating battery life-span, and optimising battery management to increase it, is difficult given the associated complex, multi-factor ageing process. In this paper we present a battery life prediction methodology tailored towards operational optimisation of battery management. The methodology is able to consider a multitude of dynamically changing cycling parameters. For lithium-ion (Li-ion) cells, the methodology has been tailored to consider five operational factors: charging and discharging currents, minimum and maximum cycling limits, and operating temperature. These are captured within four independent models, which are tuned using experimental battery data. Incorporation of dynamically changing factors is done using rainflow counting and discretisation. The resulting methodology is designed for solving optimal battery operation problems.
Selection of Beauveria spp. isolates for control of the termite Heterotermes tenuis (Hagen, 1858) (1997)

Abstract Heterotermes tenuis is an important pest in sugarcane in Brazil, where alternative control methods are necessary due to cancellations of chemical pesticide registrations. Experiments were conducted to determine the pathogenicity, virulence and mass production yields of Beauveria spp. isolates as potential microbial control candidates for H. tenuis. Results demonstrated that the average virulence of the B. brongniartii isolates was comparable to that of B. bassiana isolates. Isolates obtained from soil were as effective as microbial control agents as those obtained directly from insect hosts. However, no B. brongniartii or soil isolate was among those best isolates selected, which included two of the three termite isolates tested. LT 50 for 15 selected isolates varied between 2.91 and 4.91 days, and termite mortalities caused by these isolates were between 78.7 and 98.7% after 8 days. Significant differences were observed among these selected isolates. Conidial productions on artificial media (PDA and cooked rice) correlated well for the selected isolates. However, spore production on the termite cadavers did not correlate with production on these artificial media. The most productive isolate on cadavers (634) was 21% more productive than the second best isolate (447), and was also a good conidial producer on artificial media with 25% lower conidial yield than the best producer (756). The least productive isolate on cadavers or artificial medium (760) produced only 3% of production by isolate 756 on cooked rice and 45% of production on termite cadavers. Because high conidial production on cadavers is a desirable characteristic to facilitate transmission of the disease in the nest, isolate 634 was selected for further development as microbial agent for H. tenuis control.
Sparse sampling methods for efficient spatial coherence estimation (2014)

Short-lag spatial coherence (SLSC) imaging, a coherence-based alternative beamforming technique, creates images related to the spatial covariance in backscatter. Because spatial covariance estimation is a computationally intensive process, efficient techniques are crucial to implementing SLSC imaging in real-time. Sparse sampling methods that take advantage of the statistical properties of spatial covariance of backscatter may yield adequate images at substantially faster rates. Among a variety of sparse spatial sampling techniques, a uniformly spaced sampling scheme was found to generate SLSC images with highest fidelity. Nearly identical images could be formed using a small fraction (17%) of the aperture, corresponding to a 97.3% reduction in the number of covariance computations. Furthermore, sparse temporal sampling was implemented by replacing the axial kernel of length T (used to compute covariance) with a single sample, and yielded SLSC images with improved axial resolution with a T -fold reduction in computation time. The two techniques were combined to obtain even further improvements in computation speed with little or no image degradation.
Static Light Scattering Studies on Chitosan Solutions:  From Macromolecular Chains to Colloidal Dispersions (2003)

The neutralization of a homogeneous series of chitosans with degrees of acetylation (DA) varying between 1% and 71% was followed stepwise by static light scattering. The determination of the gyration radii (RG,z) and the second virial coefficients (A2) allowed us a better understanding of the chitosan behavior during the neutralization in aqueous solutions. On increasing pH, a critical value was evidenced both by a drop of RG,z and a fall of A2. The values of the critical pH were also shown as highly dependent on the polymer concentration and the ionic strength of the media. On increasing DA, the range of pH where chitosan was apparently soluble enlarged although the second virial coefficient decreased with both the increase of DA and the degree of neutralization. Working at the critical pH, just before precipitation occurred, transmission electronic microscopy allowed us to evidence a sol/gel transition responsible for the formation of a stable colloidal dispersion. The average particle sizes increased with the degree of acetylation: from 100 nm for DA = 1% to 300 nm for DA = 51%. These aggregates were probably assembled both by hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonding due to the neutralization of the ammonium groups into −NH2.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF CYCLOSPORIN. PART II. SYNTHESIS OF BOC‐D‐ALA‐MELEU‐MELEU‐MEVAL‐OH, A PART OF THE PEPTIDE SEQUENCE OF CYCLOSPORIN, BY DIFFERENT STRATEGIC WAYS AND SYNTHESIS OF ITS ISOMERS BOC‐D‐ALA‐MELEU‐D‐MELEU‐MEVAL‐OH, BOC‐D‐ALA‐MELEU‐D‐MELEU‐D‐MEVAL‐OH, AND BOC‐D‐ALA‐MELEU‐MELEU‐D‐MEVAL‐OH AS REFERENCE COMPOUNDS (1984)

Abstract Die Synthesen der Titelpeptide (Ia)‐(Id) auf verschiedenen Wegen unter Anwendung einer Modifikation der Pivalinsäureanhydnd‐Methode werden detailliert beschrieben.
Supplementary Fig. S6 from <i>Salmonella</i>-Based Therapy Targeting Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Coupled with Enzymatic Depletion of Tumor Hyaluronan Induces Complete Regression of Aggressive Pancreatic Tumors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Ex-vivo depletion of HA from KPC tumor sections with hyaluronidase and PEGPH20. To confirm specificity of HA staining, 14-day orthotopic KPC tumors were extracted, flash frozen in OCT medium, sectioned, and fixed onto Colorfrost slides (Fisher Scientific) with acid formalin. Sections were then incubated with 1 mg/ml bovine testis hyaluronidase (Sigma) , PEGPH20, or left untreated for 1 hour in a humidified 37degreeC incubator. Sections were then incubated with biotinylated HA binding protein (HABP, 5ug/ml) overnight at 4degreeC followed by treatment using an avidin-biotin peroxidase kit (ABC kit, Vectastain). Magnification:10X.&lt;/p&gt;