gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantification in SPECT cardiac imaging. (2003)

Nuclear medicine is a unique imaging modality that can provide myocardial images reflecting fundamental biophysiologic functions in vivo, such as perfusion, the metabolism of several substrates, and the binding potential of particular receptors. The article by Schaefer et al. ([1][1]) in this issue
Photoconductive switches for high resolution and polarization resolved THz-TDS spectroscopy (2018)

Interdigitated photoconductive (iPC) switches are powerful and convenient devices for time-resolved spectroscopy, with the ability to operate both as sources and detectors of terahertz (THz) frequency pulses. However, reflection of the emitted or detected radiation within the device substrate itself can lead to echoes that inherently limits the spectroscopic resolution achievable from their use in time-domain spectroscopy (TDS) systems. For example, with a photoconductive switch made out of a 500 µm thick GaAs wafer, the first THz echo arises after only 12 ps, limiting the resolution to ~ 90 GHz (3 cm-1). This can restrict applications such as high resolution THz spectroscopy of many polar molecules, where pure rotational spectra typically have linewidths ranging from 0.1 cm-1 to 10 cm-1. A novel iPC switch that suppresses unwanted echoes from the substrate, without power losses, is proposed and demonstrated in emission [1] and in detection [2]. It provides a monolithic on-chip solution without any mechanical positioning of external elements post processing. For emitter, this is realized through a buried metal geometry where a metal plane is placed at a subwavelength thickness below the surface switch structure and semi-insulating GaAs active layer. For detector, this is realized through a buried multilayer low-temperature-grown GaAs (LT-GaAs) structure that retains its ultrafast properties, which after wafer bonding to a metal-coated host substrate, results in an iPC switch with a metal plane buried at a subwavelength depth below the LT-GaAs surface (see Fig.1). Using these devices as emitter and detector together enables echo-free THz-TDS and high-resolution spectroscopy, with a resolution limited only by the temporal length of the measurement governed by the mechanical delay line used. Rotational lines of water have been resolved as a proof-of-principle. Additionally, iPC switches emit linearly polarized THz radiation. Most of polarization measurements in THz range are performed by the use of mechanically controlled elements, which limits inherently the swiftness and the precision of the measurement. Here, we propose an innovative concept of a THz pulse emitter with a fully electrically controlled polarization based on a scalable and large-area design. These two improved iPC switches are compatible together for monolithic on-chip solution with no external mechanical part for high performances THz spectroscopy and polarimetry.
Prediction of Pregabalin-Mediated Pain Response by Severity of Sleep Disturbance in Patients with Painful Diabetic Neuropathy and Post-Herpetic Neuralgia (2013)

Overall, these data suggest that the presence of comorbid sleep disturbance in patients with DPN/PHN might, in part, predict substantial pain relief in response to pregabalin treatment.
Cycle Tanner-graph codes over GF(2/sup b/) (2003)

The average Hamming weight spectrum function of the random ensemble of regular low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes over GF(2/sup b/) when used with binary-input channels is derived. This work confirms theoretically that the near-Shannon-limit performance of Gallager's binary LDPC codes can be significantly enhanced by moving to fields of higher order. We construct a family of error-correcting codes based on the binary representation of GF(2/sup b/) codes defined on a cycle Tanner graph, that appears to be good for both optimum decoding and iterative decoding over binary-input channels.
Slit-2 Induces a Tumor-suppressive Effect by Regulating β-Catenin in Breast Cancer Cells (2008)

SLIT-2 is considered as a candidate tumor suppressor gene, because it is frequently inactivated in various cancers due to hypermethylation of its promoter region and allelic loss. However, the exact mechanism of its tumor-suppressive effect has not been elucidated. Here, we observed that Slit-2-overexpressing breast cancer cells exhibited decreased proliferation and migration capabilities compared with control cells under in vitro conditions. These results were confirmed in vivo in mouse model systems. Mice injected with MCF-7/Slit-2 cells showed a 60-70% reduction in tumor size compared with mice injected with MCF-7/VC cells both in the absence and presence of estrogen. Upon further elucidation, we observed that Slit-2 mediates the tumor-suppressive effect via a coordinated regulation of the beta-catenin and PI3K signaling pathways and by enhancing beta-catenin/E-cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion. Our study for the first time reveals that Slit-2-overexpressing breast cancer cells exhibit tumor suppressor capabilities through the novel mechanism of beta-catenin modulation.
Equilibrium Modeling of Mixtures of Methanol and Water (2005)

An understanding of the species that form in mixtures of alcohol and water is important for their use in liquid chromatography applications. In reverse-phase liquid chromatography the retention of solutes on a chromatography column is influenced by the composition of the mobile phase, and in the case of alcohol and water mobile phases, the amount of free alcohol and water present. Previous and similar modeling studies of methanol (MeOH) and water mixtures by near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy have found up to four species present including free MeOH and water and MeOH and water complexes formed by hydrogen bonding associations. In this work an equilibrium model has been applied to NIR measurements of MeOH and water mixtures. A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) pump was coupled to an NIR flow cell to produce a gradual change in mixture composition. This resulted in a greater mixture resolution than has been achieved previously by manual mixture preparation. It was determined that five species contributed to the data. An equilibria model consisting of MeOH, H2O, MeOH(H2O) (log K(MeOH)H2O = 0.10+/-0.03), MeOH(H2O)4 (log K(MeOH)4H2O = -2.14+/-0.08), and MeOH(H2O)9 (log K(MeOH)9H2O = -8.6+/-0.1) was successfully fitted to the data. The model supports the results of previous work and highlights the progressive formation of MeOH and water complexes that occur with changing mixture composition. The model also supports that mixtures of MeOH and water are not simple binary mixtures and that this is responsible for observed deviations from expected elution behavior.
Therapeutically targeting cyclin D1 in primary tumors arising from loss of Ini1 (2010)

Rhabdoid tumors (RTs) are rare, highly aggressive pediatric malignancies with poor prognosis and with no standard or effective treatment strategies. RTs are characterized by biallelic inactivation of the INI1 tumor suppressor gene. INI1 directly represses CCND1 and activates cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) inhibitors p16(Ink4a) and p21(CIP). RTs are exquisitely dependent on cyclin D1 for genesis and survival. To facilitate translation of unique therapeutic strategies, we have used genetically engineered, Ini1(+/-) mice for therapeutic testing. We found that PET can be used to noninvasively and accurately detect primary tumors in Ini1(+/-) mice. In a PET-guided longitudinal study, we found that treating Ini1(+/-) mice bearing primary tumors with the pan-cdk inhibitor flavopiridol resulted in complete and stable regression of some tumors. Other tumors showed resistance to flavopiridol, and one of the resistant tumors overexpressed cyclin D1, more than flavopiridol-sensitive cells. The concentration of flavopiridol used was not sufficient to down-modulate the high level of cyclin D1 and failed to induce cell death in the resistant cells. Furthermore, FISH and PCR analyses indicated that there is aneuploidy and increased CCND1 copy number in resistant cells. These studies indicate that resistance to flavopiridol may be correlated to elevated cyclin D1 levels. Our studies also indicate that Ini1(+/-) mice are valuable tools for testing unique therapeutic strategies and for understanding mechanisms of drug resistance in tumors that arise owing to loss of Ini1, which is essential for developing effective treatment strategies against these aggressive tumors.
Controlled growth of nano-and bio-arrays on patterned substrates (2010)

Bio-and nano-material arrays have attracted significant attention due to their importance in a number of research and application fields, such as biology, sensors, devices, etc. How to generate these arrays in a controlled manner is critical. In this talk, we introduce several methods developed in our group to show how to control the growth of bio-and nanoarrays on patterned solid substrates. By using dip-pen nanolithography (DPN) [1], the polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers were patterned on solid substrates, which were successfully used as templates for controlled growth of peptide nanoarrays [2]. The Co nanoparticle patterns, generated on solid substrates by DPN, were used as catalyst for controlled growth of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) arrays [3]. In order to increase the throughput of the generated patterns and save the pattering time, although the multi-pen DPN [4a,b] and polymer-pen lithography [4c] can be used, recently we developed a facile “needle-scratching” method (NSM) to generate large-area catalyst patterns on solid substrates at nearly no cost, which were successfully used for growth of densely aligned SWCNT arrays [5]. We believe that this simple method could open up an avenue for fast, cheap and large-area fabrication of CNT-based nanodevices.
Rapid Diversification of Cell Signaling Phenotypes by Modular Domain Recombination (2010)

Cell signaling proteins are often modular, containing distinct catalytic and regulatory domains. Recombination of such biological modules has been proposed to be a major source of evolutionary innovation. We systematically analyzed the phenotypic diversity of a signaling response that results from domain recombination by using 11 proteins in the yeast mating pathway to construct a library of 66 chimeric domain recombinants. Domain recombination resulted in greater diversity in pathway response dynamics than did duplication of genes, of single domains, or of two unlinked domains. Domain recombination also led to changes in mating phenotype, including recombinants with increased mating efficiency over the wild type. Thus, novel linkages between preexisting domains may have a major role in the evolution of protein networks and novel phenotypic behaviors.
Guilty or Not Guilty? A Look at the “Simulated” Jury Paradigm1 (1977)

Three experiments examined the effects of real versus hypothetical consequences on juridic decision‐making. Real consequences subjects believed their judgments would actually determine what happened to the defendant, while hypothetical consequences subjects believed the study simply dealt with jury decision‐making. In Experiment I, the defendant's character attractiveness had no influence on guilt judgments made by real consequences subjects but did so for hypothetical consequences subjects. In addition, character attractiveness affected recommendations of punishment for both real and hypothetical consequences subjects. In Experiment II, the defendant's physical attractiveness influenced neither real nor hypothetical consequences subjects on either the guilt or punishment measures. Experiment III showed that real consequences subjects recalled more situational evidence of the case than did hypothetical consequences subjects. In all three studies, more guilty verdicts occurred in the real consequences condition than in the hypothetical consequences condition. It was concluded that much current research on hypothetical juries may be misleading and that more attention should be given in the future to the variable of real versus hypothetical consequences. Possible mediating factors leading to real and hypothetical consequences differences were explored.
SARS-CoV 3CL protease cleaves its C-terminal autoprocessing site by novel subsite cooperativity (2016)

The 3C-like protease (3CL<sup>pro</sup>) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) cleaves 11 sites in the polyproteins, including its own N- and C-terminal autoprocessing sites, by recognizing P4-P1 and P1'. In this study, we determined the crystal structure of 3CL<sup>pro</sup> with the C-terminal prosequence and the catalytic-site C145A mutation, in which the enzyme binds the C-terminal prosequence of another molecule. Surprisingly, Phe at the P3' position [Phe(P3')] is snugly accommodated in the S3' pocket. Mutations of Phe(P3') impaired the C-terminal autoprocessing, but did not affect N-terminal autoprocessing. This difference was ascribed to the P2 residue, Phe(P2) and Leu(P2), in the C- and N-terminal sites, as follows. The S3' subsite is formed by Phe(P2)-induced conformational changes of 3CL<sup>pro</sup> and the direct involvement of Phe(P2) itself. In contrast, the N-terminal prosequence with Leu(P2) does not cause such conformational changes for the S3' subsite formation. In fact, the mutation of Phe(P2) to Leu in the C-terminal autoprocessing site abolishes the dependence on Phe(P3'). These mechanisms explain why Phe is required at the P3' position when the P2 position is occupied by Phe rather than Leu, which reveals a type of subsite cooperativity. Moreover, the peptide consisting of P4-P1 with Leu(P2) inhibits protease activity, whereas that with Phe(P2) exhibits a much smaller inhibitory effect, because Phe(P3') is missing. Thus, this subsite cooperativity likely exists to avoid the autoinhibition of the enzyme by its mature C-terminal sequence, and to retain the efficient C-terminal autoprocessing by the use of Phe(P2).
Visibility-driven patch group generation (2014)

The target application of this paper is 3D scene reconstruction for future real-time production scenarios in the broadcast domain as well as future post-production and on-set visual effect previews in the digital cinema area. Our approach is based on multiple trifocal camera capture systems which can be arbitrarily distributed on set. In this work we tackle the problem of multi-view data fusion from a real-time perspective. The novelty of our work is that instead of performing a pixel wise processing we consider patch groups as higher level scene representations. Based on the robust results of the trifocal sub-systems we implicitly obtain an optimized set of patch groups even for partly occluded regions by the application of a simple geometric rule set. Further on, we show that a simplified meshing can be applied to the patch group borders which enables a GPU centric real-time implementation. The presented algorithm is tested on real world test shoot data for the case of 3D reconstruction of humans.
Synthesized tissue‐equivalent dielectric phantoms using salt and polyvinylpyrrolidone solutions (2017)

PVP-based phantoms are easy to prepare and nontoxic, and their semitransparency makes air bubbles easy to identify. The polymer can be used to create simulated material with a range of dielectric properties, negligible spectral side peaks, and long T<sub>2</sub> relaxation time, which are favorable in many MR applications. Magn Reson Med 80:413-419, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Fine structure of P excitons in CuBr (1979)

Abstract A multiplet structure of the 2P, 3P, and 4P exciton of the Z 1,2 ‐series is observed in the two‐photon absorption spectrum of CuBr. It is shown that the P‐exciton fine structure results from a coupling between the angular momentum of the P exciton and the hole quasi‐spin associated with the Γ 8 valence band. For the first time the energies of higher excited P excitons (3P) are compared with the theory of Baldereschi and Lipari. Therefore, the binding energies of the 3P excitons for a representative set of parameters μ and δ is calculated. Numerical calculations are performed using the “finite‐element method” (FEM). From the energy positions of nine excitons the effective Rydberg, the gap, and the parameters μ and δ of CuBr are determined with high accuracy. These data and the static dielectric constant are used to evaluate the reduced mass parameter γ 1 and the Γ 8 valence band parameters γ 2 and γ 3 . The 3P exciton wave functions, calculated also with the FEM, are shown in addition.
New visualization tools: computer vision and ultrasound for MIS navigation (2008)

Echo Point provided significantly improved results (p < 0.001) over conventional digitization where mean tilt errors exceeded 20 degrees . The Echo Morphing experiments demonstrated that with a reasonable number of points (ca. 1000) and initial attitude (IA) error (ca. 5-10 mm and 5-10 degrees ) we can obtain an average accuracy of approximately 1 mm that is sufficient for most of clinical applications.
Science Orbits with an Inner Disturbing Body and an Outer Disturbing Body (2023)

AS IS well known, the long-term dynamics of a probe around a celestial body (primary body) can be investigated by performing an average of the disturbing function, which is generally written by taking into account the main gravitational asymmetries of the celestial body and the gravitational attraction of other (perturbing) celestial bodies, i.e., third-body effects. In fact, this averaged disturbing function can be replaced in the Lagrange planetary equations (LPEs) to determine the long-term variations of the (mean) orbit elements of the probe. Such an analytical approach can be followed by assuming that the probe orbit elements remain constant over the time intervals in which the averaging processes are carried out (the orbital periods of both the probe and the disturbing bodies in their relative motions around the primary body). This technique, described in many papers over the decades, has been extensively used to investigate the dynamics of an orbiting probe and to design science orbits around planets (e.g., Refs. [1,2]), moons (e.g., Refs. [3–9]) and asteroids (e.g., Refs. [10,11]), usually assuming that the perturbing bodies lie over orbits that are much further out than the probe orbit (e.g., Refs. [12–15]). In particular, in Ref. [8], polynomial equations useful to the observation of a celestial body have been proposed and applied to Jupiter’s moon, Europa, considering the secular effects of the zonal harmonics of the primary body up to fourth order and the disturbance coming from an outer disturbing body in the gravity-gradient approximation (second-order approximation in the traditional expansion into Legendre polynomials of the third-body disturbing function). Concerning moons, a critical aspect is represented by the lifetime of the probe, which is strictly correlated to the variation of the probe’s orbit eccentricity due to gravitational attraction of the mother planet (because of possible probe–moon collisions). Thus, by following the aforementioned double-averaged approach, this issue has recently been investigated in Ref. [16], taking into account a probe moving over low-altitude and high-inclination orbits, as well as moons characterized by a nonzero obliquity (angle existing between the equatorial plane of the natural satellite and the plane of the orbit described by the natural satellite around its mother planet).
Ultra-High Transmission Electrowetting Displays Enabled by Integrated Reflectors (2008)

A reflector technique for increasing the transmission performance of a back-lit electrowetting display is presented. The electrowetting display pixel structure consists of an opaque oil film that blocks light transmission. Electrowetting with 5-10 V breaks up the oil film and creates a transmissive area for the pixel. With real-world electrowetting materials and device constraints, the transmissive area typically reaches 60% to 80% of the pixel area. By integrating a simple thin-film reflector between the backlight and the remaining oil film area, the effective transmission can be boosted to >90%. This high efficiency is promising for battery-powered applications and for high-brightness sunlight-legible displays.
Funktionelle Charakterisierung des Proteoms (2003)

Abstract Proteomics ‐ die Analyse des Zusammenspiels aller Proteine eines Organismus‐besteht aus einem ganzen Bündel an Forschungsprojekten. Entsprechend vielfältig sind die eingesetzten Techniken. Die Datenflut aus integrierten Ansätzen, zum Beispiel der Kombination aus Trennverfahren und Strukturaufklärung, lässt sich nur noch rechnerisch mit den Methoden der Bioinformatik bewältigen.
299: Green Tea Protects Bladder Cells from Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Inflammation: Potential of Herbal Agents to Treat Inflammatory Bladder Diseases (2007)

You have accessJournal of UrologyPodium 9, Sunday, May 20, 2007, 10:00 am - 12:00 pm1 Apr 2007299: Green Tea Protects Bladder Cells from Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Inflammation: Potential of Herbal Agents to Treat Inflammatory Bladder Diseases Shelby N. Morrisroe, Christian H. Coyle, Brian J. Philips, William C. de Groat, Naoki Yoshimura, and Michael B. Chancellor Shelby N. MorrisroeShelby N. Morrisroe More articles by this author , Christian H. CoyleChristian H. Coyle More articles by this author , Brian J. PhilipsBrian J. Philips More articles by this author , William C. de GroatWilliam C. de Groat More articles by this author , Naoki YoshimuraNaoki Yoshimura More articles by this author , and Michael B. ChancellorMichael B. Chancellor More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(18)30564-0AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "299: Green Tea Protects Bladder Cells from Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Inflammation: Potential of Herbal Agents to Treat Inflammatory Bladder Diseases." The Journal of Urology, 177(4S), p. 100 © 2016 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 177Issue 4SApril 2007Page: 100 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Shelby N. Morrisroe More articles by this author Christian H. Coyle More articles by this author Brian J. Philips More articles by this author William C. de Groat More articles by this author Naoki Yoshimura More articles by this author Michael B. Chancellor More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Co‐optimization of SnS absorber and Zn(O,S) buffer materials for improved solar cells (2014)

Abstract Thin‐film solar cells consisting of earth‐abundant and non‐toxic materials were made from pulsed chemical vapor deposition (pulsed‐CVD) of SnS as the p ‐type absorber layer and atomic layer deposition (ALD) of Zn(O,S) as the n ‐type buffer layer. The effects of deposition temperature and annealing conditions of the SnS absorber layer were studied for solar cells with a structure of Mo/SnS/Zn(O,S)/ZnO/ITO. Solar cells were further optimized by varying the stoichiometry of Zn(O,S) and the annealing conditions of SnS. Post‐deposition annealing in pure hydrogen sulfide improved crystallinity and increased the carrier mobility by one order of magnitude, and a power conversion efficiency up to 2.9% was achieved. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.