gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli isolates from pediatric population in Pakistan (2016)

Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) are a leading cause of diarrhea among children. The objective of this study was to define the frequency of EAEC among diarrheal children from flood-affected areas as well as sporadic cases, determine multidrug resistance, and evaluation of virulence using an in vivo model of pathogenesis. Stool samples were collected from 225 diarrheal children from 2010 to 2011 from flood-affected areas as well as from sporadic cases in Pakistan. Identified EAEC isolates were characterized by phylogrouping, antibiotic resistance patterns including the extended-spectrum beta lactamase spectrum, single nucleotide polymorphism detection in gyrA and parC, and virulence potential using wax worm, G. mellonella. A total of 35 (12.5%) confirmed EAEC isolates were identified among 225 E. coli isolates. EAEC isolates displayed high resistance to tetracycline, ampicillin, and cefaclor. A total of 34.28% were ESBL positive. Single nucleotide polymorphism detection revealed 37.14% and 68.57% isolates were positive for SNPs in gyrA (A660 -T660 ) and parC (C330 -T330 ), respectively. Phylogrouping revealed that B2 phylogroup was more prevalent among all EAEC isolates tested followed by D, A, B1, and non-typeable (NT). Infection of G. mellonella with EAEC showed that killing infective dose was 100% higher than E. coli DH5 alpha control. EAEC are prevalent among Pakistani children with diarrhea, they are highly resistant to antibiotics, and predominantly fall into B2 phylogroup. Epidemiologic surveillance of EAEC and other E. coli pathotypes is critical to assess not only the role of these pathogens in diarrheal disease but also to determine the extent of multidrug resistance among the population.
Carrier frequency of mutation 657del5 in the NBS1 gene in a population of polish pediatric patients with sporadic lymphoid malignancies (2005)

Nijmegen breakage syndrome (NBS) is a human autosomal recessive disease characterized by genomic instability and enhanced cancer predisposition, in particular to lymphoma and leukemia. Recently, significantly higher frequencies of heterozygous carriers of the Slavic founder NBS1 mutation, 657del5, were found in Russian children with sporadic lymphoid malignancies, and in Polish adults with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). In addition, the substitution 643C>T (R215W) has also been found in excess among children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). In an attempt to asses the contribution of both mutations to the development of sporadic lymphoid malignancies, we analyzed DNA samples from a large group of Polish pediatric patients. The NBS1 mutation 657del5 on one allele was found in 3 of 270 patients with ALL and 2 of 212 children and adolescents with NHL; no carrier was found among 63 patients with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). No carriers of the variant R215W were detected in any studied group. The relative frequency of the 657del5 mutation was calculated from a total of 6,984 controls matched by place of patient residence, of whom 42 were found to be carriers (frequency = 0.006). In the analyzed population with malignancies, an increased odds ratio for the occurrence of mutation 657del5 was found in comparison with the control Polish population (OR range 1.48-1.85, 95% confidence interval 1.18-2.65). This finding indicates that the frequency of the mutation carriers was indeed increased in patients with ALL and NHL (p < 0.05). Nonetheless, NBS1 gene heterozygosity is not a major risk factor for lymphoid malignancies in childhood and adolescence.
2.5-Gbps amplified retro-modulator for free-space optical communications (2004)

The results of experiments demonstrating the first amplified retro-modulated free-space optical communications link are presented. The amplifier increases the effective area of the retro-modulator by a factor of 318. The first experimental demonstration of a retro-modulator operating at a data rate of 2.5-Gbps is also presented. We will present the details of the experimental system, a simple theoretical model explaining the system performance, and the results of the first amplified retro-modulated link experiments.
Jet-cooled naphthalene. I. Absorption spectra and line profiles (1980)

Fluorescence excitation spectra have been recorded for the first 6000 cm−1 of the ultraviolet spectrum of h8- and d8-naphthalene cooled in a supersonic free jet. Measured profiles of vibronic bands in these spectra display a monotonically increasing width as a function of vibrational energy (Ev) in the excited electronic state. The high fluorescence quantum yield and relatively constant fluorescence lifetimes in these spectral regions require the measured line broadening to be assigned to intramolecular vibrational relaxation (IVR) within the excited electronic state. The rate of this IVR process as measured by the width of the broadened profiles increases smoothly from 9×1010 sec−1 at Ev=3068 cm−1 to 7×1011 sec−1 at Ev=5200 cm−1 for h8-naphthalene. Line profiles of d8-naphthalene in this same spectral region are found to be ∼50% wider.
Bidder Participation and Information in Currency Auctions (2005)

This paper studies the participation and performance of sophisticated versus unsophisticated auction participants in an environment with numerous bidders, uncertainty, and asymmetric information. We examine multi-unit, pay-as-bid, currency auctions conducted by the Central Bank of Venezuela. We find that sophisticated bidders outperform their less sophisticated rivals during periods of high volatility, apparently as a result of their superior informationgathering ability. The result is consistent across both quantity (sophisticated bidders win more market share) and price (sophisticated bidders pay lower premiums). The result is consistent with the view that a pay-as-bid auction format may be detrimental to participation by less-informed bidders
Development and Field Trial of Dimpled-Tube Technology for Chemical Industry Process Heaters (2006)

Most approaches to increasing heat transfer rates in the convection sections of gas-fired process heaters involve the incorporation of fins, baffles, turbulizers, etc. to increase either the heat transfer surface area or turbulence or both. Although these approaches are effective in increasing the heat transfer rates, this increase is invariably accompanied by an associated increase in convection section pressure drop as well as, for heaters firing ‘dirty’ fuel mixtures, increased fouling of the tubes – both of which are highly undesirable. GTI has identified an approach that will increase heat transfer rates without a significant increase in pressure drop or fouling rate. Compared to other types of heat transfer enhancement approaches, the proposed dimpled tube approach achieves very high heat transfer rates at the lowest pressure drops. Incorporating this approach into convection sections of chemical industry fired process heaters may increase energy efficiency by 3-5%. The energy efficiency increase will allow reducing firing rates to provide the required heating duty while reducing the emissions of CO2 and NOx.
Analysis of electromagnetic signature of Arabic alphabet as RF elementary coding particles (2015)

This paper discusses the electromagnetic (EM) signature of Arabic alphabets that can be considered as standards particles to form chipless tags. Normalized Arial font is suited as example but the method can be applied for any other font. The letters are realized by metallic strips or better, by conductive ink. All the 28 letters have been simulated and their EM signatures for both field polarizations are extracted. It is demonstrated that combining vertical and horizontal responses allow the identification of letters without ambiguity. Moreover, the case of letter with punctuation (one to three points) is considered in more details. Indeed, we propose to modify very slightly these letters by connecting the points to the body of the letters. This connection is made by a unique straight and very thin strip. Under this modification these letters exhibit more exploitable signatures. Finally, a lookup table for identification of the 28 letters is carried out.
Dual-Pedicle Flap for Unilateral Autologous Breast Reconstruction Revisited: Evolution and Optimization of Flap Design over 15 Years (2016)

Therapeutic, IV.
Thermal Conductivity Enhancement of Soft Polymer Composites through Magnetically Induced Percolation and Particle–Particle Contact Engineering (2019)

Abstract Despite major advancements in the performance of thermal interface materials (TIMs), contact resistance between components persists as a major thermal bottleneck in electronics packaging. In this work, the thermal performance of composite TIMs is enhanced through a synergistic coupling of magnetic alignment and engineered particle coatings that reduce the thermal resistance between particles. By itself, magnetically induced percolation of nickel particles within a cross‐linked silicone matrix doubles the thermal conductivity of the composite. This process significantly increases contact between particles, making the interfacial particle–particle resistance a major contributor to the composites thermal performance. The resistance at these interfaces can be reduced by introducing soft metal (silver) or liquid metal coatings onto the nickel particles. Compressing powder beds of these hybrid particles reveals that, dependent on coating thickness, the contact engineering approach provides multifold increases in thermal conductivity at mild pressures. When dispersed in a polymer matrix and magnetically aligned, the coated particles provide a threefold increase in composite thermal conductivity, as compared to unaligned samples (up to nearly 6 W m −1 K −1 with volumetric fill fraction of 0.5). For equivalent coating thicknesses, silver coatings achieve better performance than liquid metal coatings.
Integrated measurement-modeling approaches for evaluating residual stress using micromachined fixed-fixed beams (2002)

Two methodologies have been developed to determine the biaxial residual stress value in thin films using electrostatically actuated fixed-fixed beam test structures. In the first, we determine the compliance matrix of the support posts using 3-D finite-element analysis. The residual stress value is then found from the best fit between the measured and modeled deflection curves, with the residual stress as the only free parameter in the model. An accuracy of /spl plusmn/0.5 MPa for the average biaxial residual stress level is evaluated from the reproducibility of independent measurements over a wide range of loadings. The key to the second methodology lies in the recognition that for a given value of residual stress, there exists a unique family of deflection curves associated with two adjacent beams of different lengths. Therefore, compliance information can be extracted directly from the deflection curves. We proceed to show that essentially the same values of residual stress are found by the two methodologies, while the latter allows much more rapid extraction of the residual stress. With the second methodology established, we find that residual stress values vary across a quarter of a six-inch diameter wafer by 2.5 MPa for three structural levels of polycrystalline silicon in our five-level surface micromachining technology.
RF planar ion trap for chemical sensing (2011)

RF ion traps are a principle means for molecule separation used in mass spectrometry based chemical sensors. Until recently the lab confined mass spectrometer has been too expensive and cumbersome for field based analysis. Advancements in packaging and electronics have led to smaller instrumentation and even more so, the miniaturization of the electric field based ion trap leads to lower voltage and power requirements for handheld mass spectrometers. Of the several types of ion traps the 3D cylindrical ion trap has proven most conducive to scaling; however, it is limited by small trapping capacities and poor trapping efficiency. This paper demonstrates a new RF ion trap design capable of being fabricated through planar techniques amenable to MEMS and system-in-package integration. Furthermore, it has the trapping capacity and trapping efficiency of a 2D rectilinear ion trap.
Recombination Energy (2016)

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy’s Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.
Mast Cells, Mastocytosis, and Related Disorders (2015)

This article provides an overview of recent developments concerning the physiology and pathobiology of mast cells and discusses current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to mast-cell disorders, with an emphasis on mastocytosis.
Assessment of the usability of the workbench Faraday Cage Method (2011)

The workbench Faraday Cage method (WBFC) is a time efficient module pre-compliance test regarding radiated emission. This work investigates the method's usability and credibility and concludes that for this particular case the WBFC perform a tolerable compliance test for frequencies below 360 MHz while it is essentially useless for higher frequencies.
3.2: Invited Paper : Application of Rotation Magnet Sputtering Technology to a‐IGZO Film Depositions (2014)

Abstract We developed new magnetron sputtering equipment called rotation magnet sputtering (RMS), where multiple moving plasma loops are exited on the planar target surface, obtaining high target utilization. The moving plasma loops also worked efficiently to homogenize the spatial distribution of a‐IGZO film qualities by time‐averaged homogenization effect.
Time-resolved measurements of modal spatial profiles in optical fibers (1990)

Picosecond pulses of visible light from a mode-locked dye laser are injected into a 600-m fiber designed to be monomode at 1300 nm. Up to seven modes are excited and can be time resolved at the fiber output by an ultrafast photodiode and a sampling oscilloscope. A computer-controlled XY micropositioner is used to make the photodiode scan the far field spatial power profile of each time-resolved mode. The photodiode has a sensitive area that is small compared to the mode size. By plotting the peak power of each time-resolved mode as a function of x and y, we obtain a picture of a mode in flight. This permits unambiguous identification of each mode. The time position of each mode is measured relative to the fundamental mode as the dye laser is tuned over the 560–605 nm spectral range. The group-velocity dispersion curves thus obtained are used to model the refractive- index profile of the optical fiber through its effect on waveguide dispersion. The method is sensitive enough to show the presence of a dip at core center for one of the fibers studied and to pin down the core diameter with submicrometer accuracy.
Unifying Weak- and Strong-Segregation Block Copolymer Theories (1996)

A mean-field phase diagram for conformationally symmetric diblock melts using the standard Gaussian polymer model is presented. Our calculation, which traverses the weak- to strong-segregation regimes, is free of traditional approximations. Regions of stability are determined for disordered (DIS) melts and for ordered structures including lamellae (L), hexagonally packed cylinders (H), body-centered cubic spheres (QIm3̄m), close-packed spheres (CPS), and the bicontinuous cubic network with Ia3̄d symmetry (QIa3̄d). The CPS phase exists in narrow regions along the order−disorder transition for χN ≥ 17.67. Results suggest that the QIa3̄d phase is not stable above χN ∼ 60. Along the L/QIa3̄d phase boundaries, a hexagonally perforated lamellar (HPL) phase is found to be nearly stable. Our results for the bicontinuous Pn3̄m cubic (QPn3̄m) phase, known as the OBDD, indicate that it is an unstable structure in diblock melts. Earlier approximation schemes used to examine mean-field behavior are reviewed, and comparisons are made with our more accurate calculation.
Optimized Control of Vortex Shedding From an Inclined Flat Plate (2009)

Optimal control theory is combined with the numerical simulation of an incompressible viscous flow to control vortex shedding in order to maximize lift. A two-dimensional flat plate model is considered at a high angle of attack and a Reynolds number of 300. Actuation is provided by unsteady mass injection near the trailing edge and is modeled by a compact body force. The adjoint of the linearized perturbed equations is solved backwards in time to obtain the gradient of the lift to changes in actuation (the jet velocity), and this information is used to iteratively improve the controls. The optimized control waveform is nearly periodic and locked to vortex shedding. We investigate how features of the optimized waveform modify the vortex shedding and lead to higher lift, and compare the results with sinusoidal open- and closed-loop control from a previous study. In the cases investigated, the optimized control is able to achieve higher average lift than the sinusoidal forcing with lower momentum coefficients. In order to obtain a practically implementable control scheme, the optimized waveform is also implemented in a simple closed-loop controller where the control signal is shifted or deformed periodically to adjust to the (instantaneous) frequency of the lift fluctuations. The feedback utilizes a narrowband filter and an Extended Kalman Filter to robustly estimate the phase of vortex shedding and achieve phase-locked, high lift flow states. Finally, the sensitivity of the flow to the phase shift and other features of the optimized waveform are examined. I.
CDK‐5‐Mediated Neurofilament Phosphorylation in SHSY5Y Human Neuroblastoma Cells (1999)

Cyclin-dependent kinase-5 (CDK-5) has been shown to play important roles in neuronal development and neurogenesis. In vitro studies indicate a role of CDK-5 in phosphorylation of neurofilaments (NFs). In this study, we have chosen the human neuroblastoma cell line SHSY5Y as a model system to study the in vivo phosphorylation of NF proteins by CDK-5. Upon differentiation of SHSY5Y cells with retinoic acid, we found that the phosphorylation of high molecular mass (NF-H) and medium molecular mass (NF-M) NFs increased, whereas the CDK-5 protein level and kinase activity were unaffected. The role of CDK-5 in the phosphorylation of cytoskeletal proteins was studied by using antisense oligonucleotides (ONs) to inhibit the expression of the CDK-5 gene. We found that inhibition of CDK-5 levels by antisense ON treatment resulted in a decrease in phosphorylation of NF-H that correlated with a decline in neurite outgrowth. These results demonstrate that CDK-5 is a major proline-directed kinase phosphorylating the human NF-H tail domain.
Aspergillus sojae (2004)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Taxonomy The Expression Platform Strain Selection Transformation Protoplasting Dominant Selection Markers Auxotrophic Selection Markers Re-usable Selection Marker Promoter Elements Aspergillus sojae as a Cell Factory for Foreign Proteins Production of Fungal Proteins Production of Non-fungal Proteins Controlled Fermentation Strain Development Protease-deficient Strains Ultra-violet (UV) Mutagenesis Gene Disruption Controlled Batch Fermentations Low-viscosity Mutants Gene Disruption Controlled Fermentations Outlook Acknowledgments Appendix References
Phosphotungstic acid staining of latexes for transmission electron microscopy (1983)

Measurement of particle size and particle morphology by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is important in the characterization of polymer latex systems. Special sample treatment methods have been developed to permit the study of latexes that present problems, such as low-glass-transition-temperature (Tg) and electron-transparent particles. Some of these methods include hardening and staining by osmium tetroxide or bromine of latexes that contain unsaturation, negative staining by uranyl acetate, and freezing of latexes with low glass-transition temperatures. We have recently found phosphotungstic acid (PTA) to be useful in both negative and positive staining of latex particles. As a negative stain, PTA can enhance the contrast between the electron-transparent particles and the dense PTA-stained background. This has been particularly useful with latexes such as poly(butyl acrylate), poly(ethyl acrylate), poly(ethylene), and other polymers of similar electron densities. As a positive stain, PTA can also react with the surface functional groups of particles, such as hydroxyl, carboxyl, and amine groups.
Session details: New real-time scheduling approaches and their applications (2008)

No abstract available.
A statistical approach for design and testing of analog circuitry in low-cost SoCs (2010)

A novel design-for-testability approach is proposed, which is derived from the aggressive probabilistic targets set forth for the yield and quality to be achieved in the massproduction of high-volume low-cost transceiver SoCs, thus requiring solutions that are fundamentally different from the traditional approaches. Statistical analysis is presented as the basis for the proposed approach, and specific guidelines are defined and demonstrated through examples. The proposed approach, based on built-in-self-testing (BIST) of RF/mixed-signal functions in the transceiver SoC, relies on digital processing resources that are typically available within the SoC at no additional cost and may aid in its testing and calibration. The important roles of characterization and built-in-self-calibration and compensation in this context are also defined.
Machine learning derived ECG risk score improves cardiovascular risk assessment in conjunction with coronary artery calcium scoring (2022)

The use of ECG features in conjunction with CAC may allow for improved prognostication and identification of populations at risk. Future directions will involve prospective validation of the risk score and the nomogram across diverse populations with a heterogeneity of treatment effects.