gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Artificial Neural Network Based Detection and Diagnosis of Plasma-Etch Faults (1997)

The plasma-etch process is one of many steps in the fabrication of semiconductor wafers. Currently, fault-detection/diagnosis for this process is done primarily by visual inspection of graphically displayed process data. By observing these data, experienced technicians can detect and classify many types of faults. The tediousness and intrinsic human unreliability of this method, as well as the high cost of mistakes, makes automation attractive. In this paper, five artificial neural network approaches for detecting and diagnosing four common plasma-etch fault conditions are examined. The data used for training and testing the networks were collected during a 162 day period, in which over 46,000 wafers were etched. The best accuracy achieved in this study is approximately 98.7% correct fault-detection for the four fault types, 100% correct fault classification, and a 2.3% false alarm rate. The five neural-based approaches are described in detail, and results are given for each approach.
A Combined Heat Pipe Solution for Long Distance Thermal Management (2016)

A heat pipe can efficiently transfer heat through it liquid-vapor phase change mechanism. Among different heat pipes, loop heat pipe (LHP) and pulsating heat pipe (PHP) are known to be capable of high heat flux/high load heat transfer. In this article, LHP and PHP heat transfer systems are combined to achieve passive, reliable and long-distance heat transfer for successful thermal management of modern avionic systems. Aiming at this development goal, a 2m long LHP is designed to transport heat from the avionics chassis to the remote heat rejection site. To reduce saturation pressure and ensure structural safety at higher operating temperature, water is used as the operating fluid of LHP. Within the avionic chassis, conduction heat transfer is enhanced by sandwiching and solder-bonding a PHP between two PCBs (printed circuit boards). Each PHP/PCB assembly is 20cm long and 12.5cm wide, with electrical heaters mounted to mimic electronic heat dissipation. Heat transfer demonstration of the LHP and PHP combo system is conducted in a lab environment with input power varying from 100 to 400W. For all three PHP/PCB assemblies set in the avionic chassis, the maximum heat source temperature is less than 130°C, even when input power is twice as much as the state of the art. The enhanced heat transfer consumes less power, increases system reliability, and enables avionic system operation in harsher environments.
Intraoperative Single-Dose Radiotherapy (1987)

Fourteen patients with a history of colonic cancer were evaluated for metastatic disease and were thought to have unresectable disease confined to the liver. Exploratory surgery revealed that two patients had extensive extrahepatic disease, and the procedure was terminated. In 12 patients, closed-end needles (diameter, 2.1 mm) were introduced into each nodule and connected to a 370-MBq (10-Ci) afterloading iridium source. Radiation doses were dependent on nodule size, providing minimum doses of 20 Gy (2000 rad) to the lesion's periphery with rapid radiation falloff avoiding toxic effects to adjacent normal tissue. The maximum number of nodules treated in one patient was 11. The largest nodule treated measured 9 x 6.5 x 6 cm. Cholecystectomy in four patients allowed precise implantation and obviated biliary fistula. Preoperative computed tomography underestimated the number of hepatic metastases in all cases but one, and treatment-induced computed tomographic alterations further limited its utility. Radiation treatment was well tolerated, and the median hospitalization was eight days. Of ten patients whose preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen values exceeded 10 ng/dL, the values in six patients decreased postoperatively.
MIT SafePaths Card (MiSaCa): Augmenting Paper Based Vaccination Cards with Printed Codes (2021)

In this early draft, we describe a user-centric, card-based system for vaccine distribution. Our system makes use of digitally signed QR codes and their use for phased vaccine distribution, vaccine administration/record-keeping, immunization verification, and follow-up symptom reporting. Furthermore, we propose and describe a complementary scanner app system to be used by vaccination clinics, public health officials, and immunization verification parties to effectively utilize card-based framework. We believe that the proposed system provides a privacy-preserving and efficient framework for vaccine distribution in both developed and developing regions.
Induced polarization measurements on unsaturated, unconsolidated sands (2004)

Abstract Induced polarization (IP) measurements were obtained on unsaturated, unconsolidated sediments during (1) evaporative drying and (2) pressure drainage followed by subsequent imbibition (water reentry). Porous ceramic discs were used with existing laboratory IP instrumentation to permit accurate IP measurements on unsaturated samples. Polarization magnitude during evaporative drying approximates a power law dependence on saturation. Saturation exponents for the polarization term were consistently less than Archie conduction exponents, although no clear relationship between the exponents was observed. The polarization measured over a pressure drainage and imbibition cycle exhibits a complex (yet similar between tested samples) saturation dependence, being a function of saturation range and saturation history. Polarization is observed to increase with saturation over certain saturation intervals, yet decrease with saturation over others. High polarization observed during sample imbibition is consistent with a model for the development of a continuous charged air-fluid interface as previously proposed to explain hysteresis in resistivity measurements. The saturation dependence of the phase angle measured in IP in large part results from changes in conduction as pores fill and drain. Models of low-frequency polarization based on grain-size-controlled and pore-size-controlled relaxation both support dependence of IP measurements on saturation. Our results suggest that saturation dependent polarization must be considered for effective interpretation of IP measurements from the vadose zone. protect
In-print of the environment on the molecular sensitisation profile towards pollen allergens revealed by allergen micro-array (2014)

Background The green area in Tashkent-city in Uzbekistan has been re-organized during the last two decades. It covers approximately 35% of the total area and includes classical vegetation present in Central Asia such as saltwort and newly planted species such as Bermuda grass. The knowledge of the molecular sensitization profiles of allergic patients is essential for the correct treatment with allergen specific immunotherapy but has not been established for allergic patients in the Central Asian area. Objective The aim of this study was to determine the IgE-sensitization profile towards pollen allergens in patients with respiratory allergy from Tashkent. Methods Fifty adult patients with allergic rhinitis and/or asthma were tested using an allergen micro-array containing 112 different allergen molecules (ImmunoCAP ISAC; Thermo Scientific). Results We found that the major Bermuda grass pollen allergen, Cyn d 1 and the major saltwort allergen Sal k 1 were most frequently recognized allergens. More than 42% of the patients displayed IgE reactivity to Cyn d 1 and the percentage was even higher in the group suffering from allergic asthma (n=12) (i.e., 66%). Sal k 1 was recognized by 46% of the patients and by 50% of the patients with asthma. The other pollen allergens were recognized less frequently. Interestingly, more than 20% of patients showed IgE cross-reactivity with profilins from grass pollen, weed pollen and birch pollen whereas no patient mounted IgE reactivity to the major birch pollen allergen, Bet v 1. Conclusion The results of the IgE profiling identify grass pollen and in particular Bermuda grass and salkwort as the most important pollen allergen sources in Tashkent. Although approximately 20% of the patients reacted with birch pollen profilin, none of the patients reacted with the major birch pollen allergen, Bet v 1, indicating that these patients had no genuine sensitization to birch. These data show that the molecular sensitization profile towards pollen allergens in Central Asia is an in-print of the local flora and indicates how important allergen micro-array analysis is for the selection of the correct immunotherapy treatment. This study was supported by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF), American Austrian Foundation (AAF) and was performed in the framework of International Network University for Molecular Allergology and Immunology.
Microsurgical Resection of Brainstem, Thalamic, and Basal Ganglia Angiographically Occult Vascular Malformations (2000)

AOVMs of the brainstem, thalamus, and basal ganglia can be safely removed, with a long-term neurological morbidity rate of only 5% and a complete lesion resection rate of 93% after the initial planned resection. The use of cranial base surgical approaches and intraoperative electrophysiological monitoring contributes to successful clinical outcomes.
The influence of substrate on SOI photonic crystal thermo-optic devices (2013)

We investigate the influence of the substrate on a photonic crystal thermo-optic device on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform. The substrate-induced thermo-optic tuning is obtained as a function of key physical parameters, based on a semi-analytic theory that agrees well with numeric simulations. It is shown that for some devices, the substrate's contribution to the thermo-optic tuning can exceed 10% for a heater located in the waveguide core and much higher for some other configurations. The slow response of the substrate may also significantly slow down the overall response time of the device. Strategies of minimizing the substrate's influence are discussed.
Effect of Time on the Interfacial and Foaming Properties of β-Lactoglobulin/Acacia Gum Electrostatic Complexes and Coacervates at pH 4.2 (2005)

The electrostatic complexation between beta-lactoglobulin and acacia gum was investigated at pH 4.2 and 25 degrees C. The binding isotherm revealed a spontaneous exothermic reaction, leading to a DeltaHobs = -2108 kJ mol(-1) and a saturation protein to polysaccharide weight mixing ratio of 2:1. Soluble electrostatic complexes formed in these conditions were characterized by a hydrodynamic diameter of 119 +/- 0.6 nm and a polydispersity index of 0.097. The effect of time on the interfacial and foaming properties of these soluble complexes was investigated at a concentration of 0.1 wt % at two different times after mixing (4 min, referred as t approximately 0 h and t = 24 h). At t approximately 0 h, the mixture is mainly made of aggregating soluble electrostatic complexes, whereas after 24 h these complexes have already insolubilize to form liquid coacervates. The surface elasticity, viscosity and phase angle obtained at low frequency (0.01 Hz) using oscillating bubble tensiometry revealed higher fluidity and less rigidity in the film formed at t approximately 0 h. This observation was confirmed by diminishing bubble experiments coupled with microscopy of the thin film. It was thicker, more homogeneous and contained more water at t approximately 0 h as compared to t = 24 h (thinner film, less water). This led to very different gas permeability's of Kt approximately 0 h = 0.021 cm s(-1) and Kt=24 h) = 0.449 cm s(-1), respectively. Aqueous foams produced with the beta-lactoglobulin/acacia gum electrostatic complexes or coacervates exhibited very different stability. The former (t approximately 0 h) had a stable volume, combining low drainage rate and mainly air bubble disproportionation as the destabilization mechanism. By contrast, using coacervates aged for 24 h, the foam was significantly less stable, combining fast liquid drainage and air bubble destabilization though fast gas diffusion followed by film rupture and bubble coalescence. The strong effect of time on the air/water interfacial properties of the beta-lactoglobulin/acacia gum electrostatic complexes can be understood by their reorganization at the interface to form a coacervate phase that is more fluid/viscous at t approximately 0 h vs rigid/elastic at t = 24 h.
Improvement of oil flowability by assembly of comb‐type copolymers with paraffin and asphaltene (2011)

Abstract Comb‐type (maleic acid alkylamides‐co‐α‐octadecene) copolymers (MACs) assemble with long‐chain n ‐paraffins and asphaltenes by the hydrophobic alkyl branches and polar groups, respectively, and improve flowability of crude oils upon cooling. Their effects on the crystallization of paraffins from model oils were studied by rheology, optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and X‐ray diffraction. Upon cooling, MACs change the size and shape of paraffin crystals and reduce the yield stresses of gels generated by precipitated solids. Deposition of wax was significantly suppressed by MAC as observed using a laboratory‐scale deposition apparatus. MACs are more effective than poly(ethylene‐butene) copolymers in improving the flowability of crude oils containing asphaltenes. The interactions between the carboxyl and amide groups of MAC with the polar aromatic asphaltenes appear to stabilize crudes through the steric effects of the long alkyl groups of MAC polymers, thereby reducing the strength of paraffin/asphaltene gels formed on cooling. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
Seasonal variations of patients presenting dyspnea to emergency departments in Europe: Results from the EURODEM Study (2020)

The analytic method and the outcome of this study may help to guide the allocation of ED resources more efficiently and to recommend seasonal ED management protocols based on the seasonal trend of dyspneic patients.
Correction to Chemisorption of CO and Mechanism of CO Oxidation on Supported Platinum Nanoclusters (2011)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionNEXTORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionCorrection to Chemisorption of CO and Mechanism of CO Oxidation on Supported Platinum NanoclustersAyman D. Allian, Kazuhiro Takanabe, Kyle L. Fujdala*, Xianghong Hao, Timothy J. Truex, Juan Cai, Corneliu Buda, Matthew Neurock*, and Enrique Iglesia*Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 1, 743Publication Date (Web):December 13, 2011Publication History Published online13 December 2011Published inissue 11 January 2012https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja210394khttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja210394kcorrectionACS PublicationsCopyright © 2011 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views2710Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (118 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Frequency tones and elevated decibel level of tones that are indicators of ill health or a state of health with associated pain (2017)

A correlation was confirmed in a study between noise sensitivity and ill-health. This study included clients that had hired an acoustic engineer to solve a noise problem, or patients who had a scheduled doctor’s appointment. Male and female patients in diverse outpatient specialty clinics including: Sports Medicine, Pain Medicine, Hematology &amp; Oncology and Breast Health were surveyed. The correlation shown of noise sensitivity to ill-health found was for a vast array of illnesses. A prior study was confirmed of a correlation of ill-health and noise sensitivity at lower frequencies that were typically only 1-2 dB(A) above ambient. Two additional findings were noted. First there was a heighted sensitivity to elevated noise levels of at least 15 dB(A) above ambient, such as construction noise, children screaming, sirens, etc. This noise sensitivity was found in people of various illnesses including but not limited to patients with cancer, atrial fibrillation, undescribed back pain, or untreated pain from a shoulder injury. The second finding was that some or all of the sensitivity dissipated upon treatment or remission of the illness or pain. This paper additionally discusses how to view this noise sensitivity as an indicator of ill-health, as well as influences on hospital design.
ChemInform Abstract: The Basic Chemistry of Nitric Oxide and Its Possible Biological Reactions (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
EP27.04: Normal/arcuate vs septate uterus: agreement between currently recommended cut‐off values for measurements and experts' opinion (2017)

To evaluate the agreement between ESHRE/ESGE and ASRM criteria and with the experts' opinion. We included 100 women evaluated between Jun-2016 and Jul-2016 with suspected uterine anomaly. The images of the coronal plane of these uteri were submitted to 15 experts for distinguishing between normal/arcuate (normal uterine morphology or degree of distortion caused by the internal indentation is not clinically relevant) and septate uterus (the degree of distortion caused by the internal indentation is clinically relevant). Two observers (>10y experience with 3D-ultrasound), blinded to each other results and to the opinion of the experts, measured the indentation depth, indentation angle, and indentation to wall thickness (I:WT) ratio. The average value considering both measurements was used to classify the uterus as normal/arcuate or septate using ESHRE-ESGE (septate when I:WT ratio >50%) and ASRM criteria (septate when indentation depth >1.5cm and indentation angle <90°; normal/arcuate when indentation depth <1.0cm and indentation angle >90°). We calculated the observed agreement, kappa, and proportion of false positive (FP) and false negative (FN). There were 18 septate and 82 normal/arcuate uteri based on the experts' opinion. ESHRE-ESGE criterion resulted in 80 septate and only 20 normal/arcuate, while ASRM criteria resulted in 5 septate, 82 normal/arcuate and 13 uterus would not be classified (gray-zone). The agreement between ESHRE-ESGE and the opinion of experts was only 38% (FP=62%, FN=0%, kappa=0.10); the agreement between ASRM criteria for septate and the opinion of experts was 87% (FP=0%, FN=13%, kappa=0.39), and considering both septate and gray zone as septate, the agreement was 98% (FP=1%, FN=1%, kappa=0.93). The suggested cut-off by ESHRE-ESGE greatly overestimates the prevalence of septate uterus, while the definition by ASRM underestimates the prevalence of septate uteri, leaving most of them in the gray zone.
Discovery and characterization of an immunogenic neoantigen in a patient with metastatic triple negative breast cancer (2015)

Meeting abstracts A growing body of evidence suggests that successful clinical immunotherapy may depend on mutation-specific T cell responses. Using whole-exome and RNA sequencing of a resected metastatic deposit from a patient with triple-negative (ER-, PR-, Her2 non-amplified) breast cancer, we
Volatile Metal Oxide Evaporation during Aerosol Decomposition (1995)

The role of particle evaporation during synthesis of volatile metal oxide powders (Bi 2 O 3 , MoO 3 , PbO, and V 2 O 5 ) by aerosol decomposition (spray pyrolysis) in a heated flow reactor was investigated. Solid particles (0.1–0.6 (Am) of predominantly β‐Bi 2 O 3 were formed with smooth spherical shape at all reactor temperatures (673–1173 K) employed. Solid MoO 3 particles (0.1–1.2 μm) produced at low temperatures (673–773 K) had a roughly spherical or faceted morphology and at high temperatures (873 K) had a platelike or layered structure. Solid V 2 O 5 particles produced at low temperatures (573–673 K) were spherical and at high temperatures (973–1073 K) were platelike. The PbO particles were solid and spherical for all temperatures studied (773°–1073°C). Evaporative losses of up to 100% to the reactor walls were observed for all the metal oxides, due to their substantial vapor pressures. The evaporative losses were modeled by considering simultaneous particle evaporation and mass transfer of the metal oxide vapor to the reactor walls. The calculations indicated that, for most of these volatile metal oxides, evaporative losses were limited by diffusional transport of the vapor to the reactor walls and that evaporative losses occur when the vapor pressure of the oxides in the reactor is above 10 ‐5 ‐10 ‐3 mm Hg.
<title>Large-area deposition of a polycrystalline CdZnTe film and its applicability to x-ray panel detectors with superior sensitivity</title> (2002)

This paper describes our investigation of the X-ray detective characteristics of a thick polycrystalline CdZnTe film deposited on a large-area substrate. We deposited a polycrystalline CdZnTe film on a 9 inch by 9 inch substrate, and investigated its quality. It was verified to be quite uniform within the substrate. We also cut the film and connected it to a 3 inch by 3 inch TFT panel for evaluating the X-ray imaging performance. The TFT array format was 512 by 512 pixels with a pixel pitch of 150 micrometers . The thickness of the CdZnTe film was about 300 micrometers after lapping and polishing, and the film density per unit area was higher than 170 mg/cm<SUP>2</SUP>. The average sensitivity was 1.5E9 e-/mR/mm<SUP>2</SUP>; the beam condition was 80 kV with 26-mm Al filtration. The MTF measured at 1 lp/mm was 0.82. The time response and uniformity of X-ray sensitivity were not still adequate, and further improvements are in progress. In conclusion, we have demonstrated the applicability of the polycrystalline CdZnTe film to a large-area detector, although further investigations and improvements are needed.
Coelenterazine analogues emit red-shifted bioluminescence with NanoLuc (2017)

We report the synthesis and characterization of novel coelenterazine analogues that demonstrate a red-shift in their bioluminescent emission with NanoLuc luciferase. These coelenterazines can be tuned to shift the bioluminescent emission from blue light in the native system. In particular, direct attachment of an aryl moiety to the imidazopyrazinone core of furimazine at the C8 position provides a significant red-shift while maintaining reasonable light output. In addition, modification of the C6 aryl moiety provided additive red-shifts, and by combining the most promising modifications we report a coelenterazine with a maximum emission near 600 nm with NanoLuc. Finally, we show that this new bioluminescent system is capable of efficient BRET to far-red fluorophores. We anticipate these new principles of NanoLuc substrate design will impact applications that depend on shifting the colour of emission to the red, most notably in vivo bioluminescent imaging.