gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structural studies on phycobiliproteins III. Comparison of bilin-containing peptides from the beta subunits of C-phycocyanin, R-phycocyanin, and phycoerythrocyanin. (1978)

Pure bilin-containing peptides were isolated from the /l subunits of Porphyridium aerugineum C-phycocyanin, Porphyridium cruentum R-phycocyanin, and Anabaena uariabilis phycoerythrocyanin after cleavage with cyanogen bromide.The /3 subunits of C-phycocyanin and phycoerythrocyanin each carry two phycocyanobilin prosthetic groups, while the j3 subunit of R-phycocyanin carries one phycocyanobilin and one phycoerythrobilin.Both bilin peptides were isolated from C-and R-phycocyanin, but only one was purified from phycoerythrocyanin.In each case, as found for Synechococcus sp.6301 C-phycocyanin (Williams, V. P., and Glazer, A. N. ( 1978) J. Biol.Chem.253, ZOZ-2111, one of the bilin peptides represented the COOH-terminal region of the /3 subunit.The sequences of the bilin peptides from the /3 subunit of Synechococcus sp.C-phycocyanin (I) are compared with those of P. aerugineum C-phycocyanin (II), R-phycocyanin (III), and phycoerythrocyanin (IV):
Air-Hybrid Distributed Bragg Reflector Structure for Improving the Light Output Power in AlGaInP-Based LEDs (2014)

We investigated air gap-induced hybrid distributed Bragg reflectors (AH-DBRs) for use in high brightness and reliable AlGalnP-based light emitting diodes (LEDs). An air gap was inserted into the side of DBRs by selectively etching the Al(x),Ga1-xAs DBR structures. With the AH-DBR structures, the optical output power of LEDs was enhanced by 15% compared to LEDs having conventional DBRs, due to the effective reflection of obliquely incident light by the air gap structures. In addition, the electrical characteristics showed that the AH-DBR LED is a desirable structure for reducing the leakage current, as it suppresses unwanted surface recombinations.
Electromagnetic transients simulation models for accurate representation of switching losses and thermal performance in power electronic systems (2005)

This work presents an electrothermal model of an insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) switch suitable for the simulation of switching and conduction losses in a large class of voltage-sourced converter (VSC)-based flexible ac transmission systems (FACTS) devices. The model is obtained by mathematical derivation of loss equations from the known submicrosecond device switching characteristics, and through the selection of appropriate differential equation parameters for representing the thermal performance. The model is useful in determining the device's heat generation, its junction temperature, as well as the cooling performance of the connected heat sinks. The model provides accurate results without recourse to an unreasonably small time step.
Extraction of Residual Information in the Microsoft PowerPoint file from the Viewpoint of Digital Forensics considering PerCom Environment (2008)

Electronic documents made by some application (e.g. Microsoft PowerPoint application) have traces of work like editing, and these traces exist in the format of electronic documents. In digital forensic investigation, examiners have failed to notice traces of past work. It is because of that the traces of the past work cannot be identified by its application easily. However, identifying traces of the past work is important for digital forensic investigation because this data can be essential information which is created by culprit's intention not appeared in electronic document. This paper focuses on analyzing the Microsoft PowerPoint application (version 97 ~ 2003) which has the feature that it has traces of past work. In case of Microsoft PowerPoint file, it is possible to identify traces of past work by analyzing saving algorithm of application. To detect the traces automatically, PRIX (PPT residual information extractor) tool is developed.
Andreev Reflection Enhanced Shot Noise in Mesoscopic SNS Junctions (1999)

Current noise is measured with a SQUID in low impedance and transparent Nb-Al-Nb junctions of length comparable to the phase breaking length and much longer than the thermal length. The shot noise amplitude is compared with theoretical predictions of doubled shot noise in diffusive normal-superconductor (NS) junctions due to Andreev reflections. We discuss the heat dissipation away from the normal part through the NS interfaces. A weak applied magnetic field reduces the amplitude of the $1/f$ noise by a factor of 2, showing that even far from equilibrium the sample is in the mesoscopic regime.
Macromers by carbocationic polymerization. IV. Synthesis and characterization of polyisobutenyl methacrylate macromer and its homopolymerization and copolymerization with methyl methacrylate (1983)

Abstract This article describes the synthesis and characterization of a new macromer, polyisobutenyl methacrylate (PIB‐MA), its free‐radical homopolymerization and copolymerization with methyl methacrylate (MMA) to afford the graft copolymer poly(methyl methacrylate‐ g ‐isobutylene) (PMMA‐ g ‐PIB), the characterization of these polymers, and some physical‐mechanical (stress‐strain) measurements of the graft copolymer. The key intermediate toward the synthesis of the target macromer was the preparation of polyisobutenyl chloride PIB‐Cl t by the minifer technique. As shown by 1 H‐NMR spectroscopy, and independently by IR spectroscopy coupled with M̄ n determination, the PIB‐MA macromer carries one terminal methacrylate function per polyisobutylene chain. The free‐radical homopolymerization of PIB‐MA to very high‐molecular‐weight product was achieved in bulk at 60°C. The free‐radical copolymerization of PIB‐MA with MMA also occurs readily and is a convenient route to PMMA‐ g ‐PIB. The reactivity of PIB‐MA is almost identical to that of MMA; however, in highly viscous systems its rate of diffusion to the reaction site is reduced.
Observation of Contraction and Expansion in a Bis(peptide)‐Based Mechanical Molecular Actuator (2008)

A novel, bis(peptide) based molecular actuator (1) has been synthesized. It is demonstrated to undergo contraction and expansion controlled by the addition and removal of Cu2+; this is demonstrated by the direct observation of a change in hydrodynamic properties by using sedimentation analysis and size exclusion chromatography. The molecule undergoes a large change in sedimentation coefficient, axial ratio, and size exclusion chromatography elution time when it binds copper. The demonstration of a controlled change in the mechanical properties of 1 make it a good starting point for the development of molecular devices that will harness changes in molecular shape and size to create molecular devices such as sensors or valves.
Synthesis of γ-Amino- and δ-Amino-Functionalised Ethers, Amines, or Silanes by Hydroaminomethylation of Heterofunctionalised Allylic Compounds (1999)

Heterofunctionalised allylic ethers 1, silanes 5, and amines 9 are hydroformylated in the presence of primary or secondary amines 2 to form the corresponding γ-amino- and δ-amino-functionalised compounds. The rhodium(I)-catalysed reaction sequence proceeds by aldehyde formation and subsequent reductive amination to generate the corresponding functionalised secondary or tertiary amines. This selective one-pot hydroaminomethylation procedure establishes access to γ-amino- and δ-amino-functionalised ethers, amines or silanes with potential biological activity.
Reconstructing and grounding narrated instructional videos in 3D (2021)

Narrated instructional videos often show and describe manipulations of similar objects, e.g., repairing a particular model of a car or laptop. In this work we aim to reconstruct such objects and to localize associated narrations in 3D. Contrary to the standard scenario of instance-level 3D reconstruction, where identical objects or scenes are present in all views, objects in different instructional videos may have large appearance variations given varying conditions and versions of the same product. Narrations may also have large variation in natural language expressions. We address these challenges by three contributions. First, we propose an approach for correspondence estimation combining learnt local features and dense flow. Second, we design a two-step divide and conquer reconstruction approach where the initial 3D reconstructions of individual videos are combined into a 3D alignment graph. Finally, we propose an unsupervised approach to ground natural language in obtained 3D reconstructions. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach for the domain of car maintenance. Given raw instructional videos and no manual supervision, our method successfully reconstructs engines of different car models and associates textual descriptions with corresponding objects in 3D.
Recuperação dos metais manganês e cromo de efluentes químicos da UFRN (2010)

Uma sistematica para a remocao dos metais manganes e cromo de dejetos de laboratorios quimicos e apresentada. A proposta emprega reagentes alternativos e de baixo custo para precipitar Mn +2 e Cr +3 atraves da formacao de MnS e Cr(OH) 3 . O sistema foi aplicado para a remocao destas especies em residuos gerados nos laboratorios da UFRN, com recuperacao na ordem de 99,98%(±0,4%) e 94,9(±0,5%) para Mn +2 e Cr +3 , respectivamente. Todo o processo e discutido. 800x600 Normal 0 21 false false false PT-BR X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */
 table.MsoNormalTable
	{mso-style-name:Tabela normal;
	mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
	mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
	mso-style-noshow:yes;
	mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-parent:;
	mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
	mso-para-margin:0cm;
	mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
	font-size:10.0pt;
	font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;
	mso-bidi-font-family:Times New Roman;}
 Palavras-chave: Manganes, Cromo, Descartes quimicos
Hsp90 inhibition differentially destabilises MAP kinase and TGF-beta signalling components in cancer cells revealed by kinase-targeted chemoproteomics (2012)

We propose a high confidence list of Hsp90 kinase clients, which provides new opportunities for targeted and combinatorial cancer treatment and diagnostic applications.
Statistical distributions of ultra-low dose CT sinograms and their fundamental limits (2017)

Low dose CT imaging is typically constrained to be diagnostic. However, there are applications for even lowerdose CT imaging, including image registration across multi-frame CT images and attenuation correction for PET/CT imaging. We define this as the ultra-low-dose (ULD) CT regime where the exposure level is a factor of 10 lower than current low-dose CT technique levels. In the ULD regime it is possible to use statistically-principled image reconstruction methods that make full use of the raw data information. Since most statistical based iterative reconstruction methods are based on the assumption of that post-log noise distribution is close to Poisson or Gaussian, our goal is to understand the statistical distribution of ULD CT data with different non-positivity correction methods, and to understand when iterative reconstruction methods may be effective in producing images that are useful for image registration or attenuation correction in PET/CT imaging. We first used phantom measurement and calibrated simulation to reveal how the noise distribution deviate from normal assumption under the ULD CT flux environment. In summary, our results indicate that there are three general regimes: (1) Diagnostic CT, where post-log data are well modeled by normal distribution. (2) Lowdose CT, where normal distribution remains a reasonable approximation and statistically-principled (post-log) methods that assume a normal distribution have an advantage. (3) An ULD regime that is photon-starved and the quadratic approximation is no longer effective. For instance, a total integral density of 4.8 (ideal p<sub>i</sub> for ~24 cm of water) for 120kVp, 0.5mAs of radiation source is the maximum pi value where a definitive maximum likelihood value could be found. This leads to fundamental limits in the estimation of ULD CT data when using a standard data processing stream
mVps34 is activated by an acute bout of resistance exercise (2007)

Resistance-exercise training results in a progressive increase in muscle mass and force production. Following an acute bout of resistance exercise, the rate of protein synthesis increases proportionally with the increase in protein degradation, correlating at 3 h in the starved state. Amino acids taken immediately before or immediately after exercise increase the post-exercise rate of protein synthesis. Therefore a protein that controls protein degradation and amino acid-sensitivity would be a potential candidate for controlling the activation of protein synthesis following resistance exercise. One such candidate is the class III PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) Vps34 (vacuolar protein sorting mutant 34). Vps34 controls both autophagy and amino acid signalling to mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) and its downstream target p70 S6K1 (S6 kinase 1). We have identified a significant increase in mVps34 (mammalian Vps34) activity 3 h after resistance exercise, continuing for at least 6 h, and propose a mechanism whereby mVps34 could act as an internal amino acid sensor to mTOR after resistance exercise.
Adaptive data augmentation for image classification (2016)

Data augmentation is the process of generating samples by transforming training data, with the target of improving the accuracy and robustness of classifiers. In this paper, we propose a new automatic and adaptive algorithm for choosing the transformations of the samples used in data augmentation. Specifically, for each sample, our main idea is to seek a small transformation that yields maximal classification loss on the transformed sample. We employ a trust-region optimization strategy, which consists of solving a sequence of linear programs. Our data augmentation scheme is then integrated into a Stochastic Gradient Descent algorithm for training deep neural networks. We perform experiments on two datasets, and show that that the proposed scheme outperforms random data augmentation algorithms in terms of accuracy and robustness, while yielding comparable or superior results with respect to existing selective sampling approaches.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Cyclopropanation of Allylic Alcohols with Titanium‐TADDOLate: Scope of the Cyclopropanation Reaction. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Charging of Solid Elements of High-Voltage Insulation by Corona in Gas (2011)

Solid dielectric coatings and barriers embedded in gaseous medium form hybrid insulation where gas phase has much lower ability to withstand electrical discharges than solid materials. In the most common case of systems with non-uniform electric fields, corona discharge may be initiated in gas and exist until the applied voltage and corresponding field strength are high enough. Corona acts as a source of electrical charges, which can be deposited on surfaces of solid elements. The accumulated charges produce their own field, which being superimposed with the external one may alter the entire field distribution in the insulation and may affect its performance [1, 2].In the present paper, corona charging of solid dielectric surfaces is analyzed by means of computer simulations focusing on the dynamic behavior of electric fields in the considered system. The model describes glow mode of corona discharge and treats gas-solid interfaces as barriers for charge carriers. Being verified against static characteristics of corona discharges in a rod-plane system, the model is further utilized for analyzing impulse coronas in different electrode arrangements. The results of thecomputer simulations yield dynamics of space charges in gas gaps and surface charges on gas-solid interfaces as well as corresponding variations of electric field distributions in the entire system. The obtained results are employed to elucidate regularities in flashover characteristics registered in experiments. It is shown that charging of surfaces of solid elements of the insulation may be essential for enhancement of its performance, as in the case of dielectric barriers. Surface charging, however, could be undesirable under certain conditions. The analysis of insulation systems accounting for the corona charging allows improved design evaluation of high voltage equipment. Anticipated new sustainable solutions with low environmental impact will benefit from the understanding of the discussed effects.
Theoretical analysis of multiplexed volume holograms for spectral beam combining (2009)

Volume holographic elements can potentially combine many spectrally distinct laser beams using multiplexed Bragg gratings. However, there are theoretical limits imposed by the interactions between these gratings. A method of numerical simulation has been developed to analyze the interactions between many hundreds of multiplexed gratings in a single volume holographic element. We apply this tool to the problem of spectral beam combining of incoherent laser sources. Various system parameters limit the number of beams that can be combined under maximum bandwidth and minimum efficiency constraints. System designs are shown that combine 180-350 lasers ranging over a 60nm bandwidth with theoretical efficiencies in excess of 99%.
Evidence that tristetraprolin is a physiological regulator of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor messenger RNA deadenylation and stability (2000)

Deficiency of tristetraprolin (TTP), the prototype of the CCCH zinc finger proteins, results in a complex inflammatory syndrome in mice. Most aspects of the syndrome are secondary to excess circulating tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, a consequence of increased stability of TNF-alpha messenger RNA (mRNA) in TTP-deficient macrophages. TTP can bind directly to the AU-rich element in TNF-alpha mRNA, increasing its lability. Here we show that TTP deficiency also results in increased cellular production of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and increased stability of its mRNA, apparently secondary to decreased deadenylation. Similar findings were observed in mice also lacking both types of TNF-alpha receptors, excluding excess TNF-alpha production as a cause of the increased GM-CSF mRNA levels and stability. TTP appears to be a physiological regulator of GM-CSF mRNA deadenylation and stability. (Blood. 2000;95:1891-1899)
A Temperature Tracking Read Reference Current and Write Voltage Generator for Multi-Level Phase Change Memories (2014)

This paper gives a write voltage and read reference current generator considering temperature characteristics for multi-level Ge2Sb2Te5-based phase change memories. Since the optimum SET and RESET voltages linearly changes by the temperature, the voltage supply circuit must track this characteristic. In addition, the measurement results show that the read current depends on both read temperature and the write temperature and has exponential dependence on the read temperature. Thus, the binning technique is applied for each read and write temperature regions. The proposed variable TC generator can achieve below ±0.5 LSB precision from the measured differential non-linearity and integral non-linearity. As a result, the temperature characteristics of both the linear write voltage and the exponential read current can be tracked with the proposed variation tolerant linear temperature coefficient current generator.
Sparse time versus dense time in distributed real-time systems (2003)

The restriction of the significant event occurrences, i.e., the sending and receiving of messages in a distributed real-time system, to the lattice points of a globally synchronized space/time lattice are discussed. One dimension of this space/time lattice represents the progression of time, the other dimension denotes the computational processes in the system. It is shown that this additional constraint simplifies solutions to agreement problems. After an analysis of the interdependence among temporal order, causal order, receive order, and the limits of time measurement in a distributed real-time system, criteria for the selection of the lattice points of this space/time lattice are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The Software Defined Transport Network: Fundamentals, findings and futures (2016)

The Software Defined Network (SDN) is an established network paradigm, architecture and principles, that attracted significant research effort in recent years. An SDN-enabled infrastructure decouples network control from forwarding and enables direct programming. Recently, there is an increasing effort to introduce SDN support in the transport layers of the network operators WAN infrastructure, like Layer 0 (WDM & DWDM) and Layer 1 (SONET/SDH & OTN) technologies. We refer to this infrastructure as the “Software Defined Transport Network”, and benefits include network management devolvement, timely connectivity provision, improved scalability, and open and flexible programmability using well-defined API. This paper outlines the main elements of Software Defined Transport Networks and highlights relevant Application-Based Network Operations (ABNO) enabling technologies. We demonstrate how this technology will benefit network operators, and provide an overview of research results and deployment examples. Finally, we identify some of the technology gaps and future research opportunities.
Nanotip Ambient Ionization Mass Spectrometry (2016)

A method called nanotip ambient ionization mass spectrometry (NAIMS) is described, which applies high voltage between a tungsten nanotip and a metal plate to generate a plasma in which ionized analytes on the surface of the metal plate are directed to the inlet and analyzed by a mass spectrometer. The dependence of signal intensity is investigated as a function of the tip-to-plate distance, the tip size, the voltage applied at the tip, and the current. These parameters are separately optimized to achieve sensitivity or high spatial resolution. A partially observable Markov decision process is used to achieve a stabilized plasma as well as high ionization efficiency. As a proof of concept, the NAIMS technique has been applied to phenanthrene and caffeine samples for which the limits of detection were determined to be 0.14 fmol for phenanthrene and 4 amol for caffeine and to a printed caffeine pattern for which a spatial resolution of 8 ± 2 μm, and the best resolution of 5 μm, was demonstrated. The limitations of NAIMS are also discussed.