gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-dimensional underactuated motion planning via task space control (2008)

Kinodynamic planning algorithms have the potential to find feasible control trajectories which accomplish a task even in very nonlinear or constrained dynamical systems. Underactuation represents a particular form of a dynamic constraint, inherently present in many machines of interest (e.g., walking robots), and necessitates planning for long-term control solutions. A major limitation in motion planning techniques, especially for real-time implementation, is that they are only practical for relatively low degree-of-freedom problems. Here we present a model-based dimensionality reduction technique based on an extension of partial feedback linearization control into a task-space framework. This allows one to plan motions for a complex underactuated robot directly in a low-dimensional task-space, and to resolve redundancy with lower-priority tasks. We illustrate the potential of this approach with an extremely simple motion planning system which solves the swing-up problem for multi-link underactuated pendula, and discuss extensions to the control of walking.
Environmental Stability of Oleic Acid Concentration in Seed Oil for Soybean Lines with FAD2‐1A and FAD2‐1B Mutant Genes (2012)

ABSTRACT Elevating oleic acid in seed oil improves oxidative stability and is desirable for expanding edible and industrial uses of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Soybean lines with up to 800 g kg −1 oleic acid concentration were developed by combining a recessive mutant allele at the FAD2‐1A locus (Glyma10 g42470) with either of two different recessive mutant alleles at the FAD2‐1B locus (Glyma20 g24530). However, oleic acid concentration for some higher oleic acid genotypes can be affected by growing conditions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the stability of oleic acid concentration among 10 soybean lines with elevated oleic acid and eight checks with typical oleic acid levels over six environments. High oleic genotypes with genes combined from crossing M23 with the FAD2‐1A Δ mutant and PI567189A with the FAD2‐1B mutant I143T accumulated less oleic acid, and means for oleic acid concentration ranged from 551 to 729 g kg −1 across environments compared to 202 to 263 g kg −1 in the check cultivars. Significant variation among environments indicated that genes from different sources can affect both concentration and stability of oleic acid of these soybean genotypes grown in different environments.
FOXM1 expression is significantly associated with chemotherapy resistance and adverse prognosis in non-serous epithelial ovarian cancer patients (2017)

FOXM1 is up-regulated in all three major EOCs subtypes, and is a prognostic biomarker and a potential combinatorial therapeutic target in platinum resistant disease, irrespective of tumor histology.
[Perioperative Management for Patients Undergoing General Thoracic Surgery with Metabolic or Endocrine Disorders]. (2020)

By improvement of surgical procedures and advances in perioperative management, the patients with various comorbidity diseases have been able to undergo pulmonary resection. In particular, the patients with endocrine and metabolic disorders are relatively frequent and often underwent pulmonary resection. Most of them are chronic diseases and often controlled for a long time. However, they sometimes have drastic changes due to surgical stress during perioperative periods. Failure to properly perioperative management for them may result in postoperative morbidity or mortality. Therefore, we have to well know perioperative changes by surgical stress for them. Among endocrine and metabolic disorders, following is frequent, diabetes, hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, steroid administration. We describe perioperative management of them. When operating on them, it is important to ① proper evaluation before surgery, ② careful postoperative management, and ③ close coordination with the department of endocrinology and anesthesiology.
Effects of Mn and Cu Additions on Solidification Microstructure and High-Temperature Strength of Cast Al–Fe Binary Alloy (2023)

In order to investigate the effects of Mn and Cu additions on solidification microstructure and high-temperature strength of cast Al–Fe alloys, we have fabricated various Al–Fe-based alloys with compositions of Al–1%Fe, Al–1%Fe–1%Mn, Al–1%Fe–1%Cu, and Al–1%Fe–1%Cu–1%Mn (mol%) solidified at different cooling rates (0.3 K·s−1 and 145 K·s−1). In the Al–1%Fe binary alloy, the coarsened θ-Al13Fe4 phase with a needle-shaped morphology was often observed in the furnace-cooled sample (0.3 K·s−1), whereas the cast sample (145 K·s−1) exhibited several elongated α phases surrounded by fine α/Al6Fe eutectic microstructure. Such a solidification microstructure was observed in the cast Al–1%Fe–1%Cu alloy, whereas the Al23CuFe4 phase was locally formed in the finally solidified zone in the furnace-cooled sample. In the Al–1%Fe–1%Mn alloy, the Al6(Fe, Mn) phase was formed regardless of the cooling rate. Finer α/Al6(Fe, Mn) two-phase eutectic microstructure was almost entirely occupied in the cast sample. The fine eutectic microstructure was observed in the cast Al–1%Fe–1%Cu–1%Mn alloy as well. Compression tests for cast alloy specimens revealed that the Al–1%Fe–1%Cu–1%Mn alloy exhibited the highest strength level among the studied alloy specimens, indicating the combined addition of Mn and Cu elements could be effective in improving the high-temperature strength of the cast Al–Fe alloys.
Resistance to three thrips species in Capsicum spp. depends on site conditions and geographic regions (2019)

Abstract Capsicum species are commercially grown for pepper production. This crop suffers severely from thrips damage and the identification of natural sources of thrips resistance is essential for the development of resistant cultivars. It is unclear whether resistance to Frankliniella occidentalis as assessed in a specific environment holds under different conditions. Additionally, other thrips species may respond differently to the plant genotypes. Screening for robust and general resistance to thrips encompasses testing different Capsicum accessions under various conditions and with different thrips species. We screened 11 Capsicum accessions ( C. annuum and C. chinense ) for resistance to F. occidentalis at three different locations in the Netherlands. Next, the same 11 accessions were screened for resistance to Thrips palmi and Scirtothrips dorsalis at two locations in Asia. This resulted in a unique analysis of thrips resistance in Capsicum at five different locations around the world. Finally, all accessions were also screened for resistance to F. occidentalis in the Netherlands using a leaf disc choice assay, allowing direct comparison of whole plant and leaf disc assays. Resistance to F. occidentalis was only partially consistent among the three sites in the Netherlands. The most susceptible accessions were consistently susceptible, but which accession was the most resistant differed among sites. In Asia, one C. chinense accession was particularly resistant to S. dorsalis and T. palmi , but this was not the most resistant accession to F. occidentalis . Overall, resistance to F. occide ntalis correlated with S. dorsalis but not with T. palmi resistance in the C. annuum accessions. Damage inflicted on leaf discs reflected damage on the whole plant level. Our study showed that identifying broad spectrum resistance to thrips in Capsicum may prove to be challenging. Breeding programmes should focus on developing cultivars suitable for growing in defined geographic regions with specific thrips species and abiotic conditions.
Being and Feeling in Sync with an Adaptive Virtual Partner: Brain Mechanisms Underlying Dynamic Cooperativity (2012)

Cooperation is intrinsic to the human ability to work together toward common goals, and depends on sensing and reacting to dynamically changing relationships between coacting partners. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and a paradigm in which an adaptive pacing signal simulates a virtual partner, we examined the neural substrates underlying dynamic joint action. A single parameter controlled the degree to which the virtual partner adapted its behavior in relation to participant taps, thus simulating varying degrees of cooperativity. Analyses of fMRI data using objective and subjective measures of synchronization quality found the relative balance of activity in two distinct neural networks to depend on the degree of the virtual partner's adaptivity. At lower degrees of adaptivity, when the virtual partner was easier to synchronize with, cortical midline structures were activated in conjunction with premotor areas, suggesting a link between the action and socio-affective components of cooperation. By contrast, right lateral prefrontal areas associated with central executive control processes were recruited during more cognitively challenging interactions while synchronizing with an overly adaptive virtual partner. Together, the reduced adaptive sensorimotor synchronization paradigm and pattern of results illuminate neural mechanisms that may underlie the socio-emotional consequences of different degrees of entrainment success.
Motility of the Small Intestine after Proctocolectomy and Heal Pouch-Anal Anastomosis (1985)

Though the mechanisms of continence after proctocolectomy and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis have been studied, functions of the small intestine have received little attention. However, frequent stools and urgency plague some patients who are otherwise quite continent. Motility of the jejunum and ileum was assessed in eight patients with ulcerative colitis who were studied 4 to 24 months after proctocolectomy and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis; these findings were compared to those in six healthy volunteers. Continuous manometric recordings from the small bowel were obtained in both groups for 16 to 23 hours of fasting; postprandial recordings were made for 6 hours following a mixed meal (800 kcal, 20% protein, 40% fat, 40% carbohydrate) in the ileoanal patients. The duration, velocity of propagation, and periodicity of the migrating motor complex did not differ between the groups (P greater than 0.05). Discrete bursts of clustered contractions were recorded from all of the controls and in five of eight patients. Likewise, we recorded from all controls and five of eight patients large amplitude, prolonged waves of pressure which propagated distally. However, in controls these large amplitude waves were confined to the terminal ileum, but in patients these were detected in the jejunoileum, up to 125 cm proximal to the ileal pouch. We conclude that jejunoileal motility is not greatly altered by proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. However, the appearance of the large amplitude, rapidly propagating waves in the proximal jejunoileum after operation may be a response to increased storage within and distention of the distal bowel.
A novel structure of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) stabilized by MoS2 nanotubes (2013)

The first polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)–MoS2 nanotube based nanocomposites have been prepared. The structure of the nanocomposite is discussed based on electron microscopy, X-ray and atomic force microscopy studies. The results indicate that the well-dispersed MoS2 nanotubes are efficiently incorporated into the polymer matrix. The polymer–nanotube interaction stabilizes a novel 2b stacking within the γ-phase, as confirmed by X-ray and AFM measurements, which represents a new PVDF crystal structure. Annealing of the PVDF–MoS2 nanotube films at 110 °C during polymer crystallization leads to a completely relaxed α-phase with the nanotubes forming the nucleation centres for crystallization of the dendritic α-phase.
20 × 5 Gbit/s optical WDM transmitter usingsingle-stripe multiwavelength modelocked semiconductor laser (1998)

A 20 wavelength optical WDM transmitter capable of transmitting 12 ps pulses at 5 Gbit/s for an aggregate rate of 100 Gbit/s has been experimentally demonstrated, based on a modelocked semiconductor laser. Temporal synchronisation and wideband spectral correlation between the multiwavelength pulses are also achieved.
Magnetic Racetrack Memory: From Physics to the Cusp of Applications Within a Decade (2020)

Racetrack memory (RTM) is a novel spintronic memory-storage technology that has the potential to overcome fundamental constraints of existing memory and storage devices. It is unique in that its core differentiating feature is the movement of data, which is composed of magnetic domain walls (DWs), by short current pulses. This enables more data to be stored per unit area compared to any other current technologies. On the one hand, RTM has the potential for mass data storage with unlimited endurance using considerably less energy than today’s technologies. On the other hand, RTM promises an ultrafast nonvolatile memory competitive with static random access memory (SRAM) but with a much smaller footprint. During the last decade, the discovery of novel physical mechanisms to operate RTM has led to a major enhancement in the efficiency with which nanoscopic, chiral DWs can be manipulated. New materials and artificially atomically engineered thin-film structures have been found to increase the speed and lower the threshold current with which the data bits can be manipulated. With these recent developments, RTM has attracted the attention of the computer architecture community that has evaluated the use of RTM at various levels in the memory stack. Recent studies advocate RTM as a promising compromise between, on the one hand, power-hungry, volatile memories and, on the other hand, slow, nonvolatile storage. By optimizing the memory subsystem, significant performance improvements can be achieved, enabling a new era of cache, graphical processing units, and high capacity memory devices. In this article, we provide an overview of the major developments of RTM technology from both the physics and computer architecture perspectives over the past decade. We identify the remaining challenges and give an outlook on its future.
Data from An Organometallic Protein Kinase Inhibitor Pharmacologically Activates p53 and Induces Apoptosis in Human Melanoma Cells (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Unlike other tumors, melanomas harbor wild-type (WT) p53 but exhibit impaired p53-dependent apoptosis. The mechanisms for the impaired p53 activation are poorly understood but may be linked to the high expression of the p53 suppressor Mdm2, which is found in &gt;50% of melanoma lesions. Here, we describe an organometallic glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) inhibitor (DW1/2) as a potent activator of p53 and inducer of cell death in otherwise highly chemoresistant melanoma cells. Using RNA interference and pharmacologic approaches, we show that p53 is required for the cytotoxic effects of this organometallic inhibitor. The DW1/2 compound was barely able to induce cell death in melanoma cells with p53 mutations, further confirming the requirement for p53-WT in the cytotoxic effects of the GSK3β inhibition. Mechanistic analysis of the p53-dependent cell death indicated an apoptotic mechanism involving depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential, caspase cleavage, and elevated NOXA expression. The effect of p53 was not simply due to passive up-regulation of protein expression as adenoviral-mediated overexpression of p53 was not able to induce cell death. Treatment of melanoma cells with DW1/2 was instead found to decrease levels of Mdm2 and Mdm4. The importance of Mdm2 down-regulation in DW1/2-induced apoptosis was confirmed by treating the p53-WT cells with the p53/Mdm2 antagonist Nutlin-3. Taken together, our data provide a new strategy for the pharmacologic activation of p53 in melanoma, which may be a viable approach for overcoming apoptotic resistance in melanoma and offer new hope for rational melanoma therapy. [Cancer Res 2007;67(1):209–17]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Axonal diameter and density estimated with 7-Tesla hybrid diffusion imaging in transgenic Alzheimer rats (2016)

Diffusion-weighted MR imaging (DWI) is a powerful tool to study brain tissue microstructure. DWI is sensitive to subtle changes in the white matter (WM), and can provide insight into abnormal brain changes in diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In this study, we used 7-Tesla hybrid diffusion imaging (HYDI) to scan 3 transgenic rats (line TgF344-AD; that model the full clinico-pathological spectrum of the human disease) ex vivo at 10, 15 and 24 months. We acquired 300 DWI volumes across 5 q-sampling shells (b=1000, 3000, 4000, 8000, 12000 s/mm<sup>2</sup>). From the top three b-value shells with highest signal-to-noise ratios, we reconstructed markers of WM disease, including indices of axon density and diameter in the corpus callosum (CC) – directly quantifying processes that occur in AD. As expected, apparent anisotropy progressively decreased with age; there were also decreases in the intra- and extra-axonal MR signal along axons. Axonal diameters were larger in segments of the CC (splenium and body, but not genu), possibly indicating neuritic dystrophy – characterized by enlarged axons and dendrites as previously observed at the ultrastructural level (see Cohen et al., J. Neurosci. 2013). This was further supported by increases in MR signals trapped in glial cells, CSF and possibly other small compartments in WM structures. Finally, tractography detected fewer fibers in the CC at 10 versus 24 months of age. These novel findings offer great potential to provide technical and scientific insight into the biology of brain disease.
The Essence of the Little Box Challenge-Part A: Key Design Challenges & Solutions (2020)

In order to expedite the development of power electronic systems towards higher power density and efficiency at a lower cost of implementation, Google and IEEE initiated the Google Little Box Challenge (GLBC) aiming for the worldwide smallest 2 kVA / 450 V DC / 230 V AC single-phase PV inverter with > 95 % CEC weighted efficiency and an aircooled case temperature of less than 60 C by using latest power semiconductor technology and innovative topological concepts. This paper, i.e., Part A of a discussion of The Essence of the Little Box Challenge, documents all important R&D activities and engineering considerations of the authors endeavor to implement the world's most compact inverter; Part B is intended to convey the main findings and lessons learned from the participation in the GLBC. First, the key technical challenges of the GLBC are discussed and the technologies and concepts selected by the authors among different options are described in detail. Relevant design considerations, such as constant frequency pulse width modulation (PWM) or triangular current mode (TCM) operation of the bridge-legs, selection of power semiconductor technology, interleaving of bridge-legs, sizing of the power buffer capacitor, limitation of ground/leakage currents, etc., to achieve an ultracompact implementation are discussed. Based on this overview, two promising inverter concepts to tackle the GLBC, (i) an H-bridge based inverter with DC-link referenced output filter and (ii) a DC/|AC| buck-stage with series-connected low-frequency (LF) |AC|/AC unfolder inverter, are then analyzed in detail. Based on the results of a multi-objective -Pareto optimization, a comparative evaluation of the performance in terms of efficiency () and power density () of the two considered inverter concepts is provided. It is shown that with the DC/|AC| buck-stage and |AC|/AC H-bridge unfolder inverter operated with 140 kHz PWM a power density of 14.7 kW/dm 3 (240 W/in 3 ) with a maximum efficiency of 98.1% at 2 kW output power can be achieved. These claims are then verified in Part B by means of experimental results obtained from prototype realizations and compared to the achievements of other GLBC finalists. The conclusions are of general importance and are providing key guidelines for the future development of ultra-compact power electronic converters.
New Telechelic Polymers and Sequential Copolymers by Polyfunctional Initiator-Transfer Agents (Inifers). VI. Chain Transfer, Molecular Weight Distribution, and NMR Study of Telechelic α,ω-Di(tert-chloro)-polyisobutylene (1981)

Abstract This paper concerns an investigation of kinetic aspects of the synthesis and structure of α, ω-di(tert-chloro)-polyisobutylene (C1-PIB-C1). The molecular weight distribution function and dispersion ratio M w / M n characteristic for C1-PIB-C1 have been derived. In agreement with theory, M w / M n = 1.5 by experiment. An expression for the number-average degree of polymerization, M n, has been deduced from the distribution function. Chain transfer studies based on this equation and its integrated form are presented. Chain transfer to monomer has been found to be negligible, and chain transfer to inifer was found to be a major process (CI = 0.3) determining molecular weight and terminal functionality of the polymer. Temperature and solvent polarity (within a modest range) do not affect chain transfer to inifer. NMR spectroscopy of low molecular weight Cl-PIB-C1 confirms the structure of the chain ends to be ∼CH2-C(CH3)2Cl. Number-average molecular weights (M n 's) determined by 1H NMR spectroscopy and GPC were compared. The accuracy of M n 's calculated from GPC traces were confirmed by the more accurate and direct NMR method.
Method for Determining the Absolute Number Concentration of Nanoparticles from Electrospray Sources (2011)

We have developed a simple, fast, and accurate method to measure the absolute number concentration of nanoparticles in solution. The method combines electrospray differential mobility analysis (ES-DMA) with a statistical analysis of droplet-induced oligomer formation. A key feature of the method is that it allows determination of the absolute number concentration of particles by knowing only the droplet size generated from a particular ES source, thereby eliminating the need for sample-specific calibration standards or detailed analysis of transport losses. The approach was validated by comparing the total number concentration of monodispersed Au nanoparticles determined by ES-DMA with UV/vis measurements. We also show that this approach is valid for protein molecules by quantifying the absolute number concentration of Rituxan monoclonal antibody in solution. The methodology is applicable for quantification of any electrospray process coupled to an analytical tool that can distinguish monomers from higher order oligomers. The only requirement is that the droplet size distribution be evaluated. For users only interested in implementation of the theory, we provide a section that summarizes the relevant formulas. This method eliminates the need for sample-specific calibration standards or detailed analysis of transport losses.