gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Two Cellular Components of Bone Marrow Origin Contribute to Pulmonary Irradiation Fibrosis. (2005)

Abstract Following lung irradiation of C57BL/6NHsd mice, migration of marrow origin macrophages into the lungs is detectable at 100 days followed by migration of marrow origin fibroblasts into areas of developing organizing alveolitis/fibrosis. To demonstrate the importance of each cellular migration, mice were irradiated to 20 Gy to the pulmonary cavity. Beginning at day 80, the mice were injected (daily for 15 days I.P.) with antibodies to either mouse macrophages or to a pan-T-cell antigen (M1/70 or TIB-207, respectively). Groups of mice were injected at day 80 with DS-red labeled Smad3+/+ clonal bone marrow stromal cell line cells or a GFP+ Smad3−/− bone marrow stromal cell line. The mice were then followed for survival. Mice injected with the M1/70 antibody had increased survival compared to those receiving TIB-207 or control irradiated mice (percent survival at 180 days 90% and 60% compared to 40%, p=0.0225 and 0.8263). There was a decrease in the number of macrophages in the lungs of mice injected with M1/70 compared to TIB-207 injected or control irradiated mice. Mice injected with bone marrow stromal cells from the Smad3−/− line, which have abrogation of the TGF-β signaling pathway, showed decreased numbers of labeled cells in areas of organizing alveolitis/fibrosis compared to mice that were injected with Smad3+/+ cells at 120 days (5.4 ± 1.6% vs. 21.0 ± 3.3% cells per 100x high powered field in areas of organizing alveolitis/fibrosis, respectively, p = 0.0003). These results demonstrate a critical importance of both marrow hematopoietic (macrophage) and stromal fibroblasts to the development of irradiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis.
Working model for plasmin-mediated clearance of dead cells. (2015)

&lt;p&gt;Injury to a live cell results in necrosis and widespread aggregation of intracellular proteins via the phenomenon of &lt;i&gt;Nucleocytoplasmic Coagulation&lt;/i&gt; (NCC) [&lt;a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0131216#pone.0131216.ref007" target="_blank"&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;] (in red). Plasma membrane breakdown allows NCC-protein aggregates to bind t-PA and plasminogen and facilitate &lt;i&gt;in situ&lt;/i&gt; plasmin formation [&lt;a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0131216#pone.0131216.ref008" target="_blank"&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;]. Plasmin then proteolytically degrades NCC-aggregated proteins. In addition, an immature dendritic cell comes into physical contact with the necrotic cell. Plasmin directly activates dendritic cells which transduce an immunomodulatory signal to dendritic cells that instructs immunologically discrete clearance by increasing phagocytic capacity, increasing TGF-β expression, maintaining an immature phenotype, and preventing migration to draining lymph nodes. The plasmin-stimulated dendritic cell, because of its immature status and because of high TGF-β levels is unable to effectively trigger lymphocyte proliferation and adaptive immunity.&lt;/p&gt;
An Integrated Modelling and Numerical Simulation for Rock Mass Assessment in Underground Mines (2014)

The accurate shape and position of cavities in an underground mine are important factors that could affect the reliability of numerical modeling analysis used to assess the stability of such structures. The traditional numerical stability analysis of underground mine openings either considers the cavity shape as a regular geometric object, which is determined during the design phase, or uses a simple model created for analysis purposes, both of which affect the accuracy of numerical simulation results. In this paper, a cavity monitoring system (CMS) survey is carried out to obtain the actual three-dimensional shape and the true position of mining excavations. The 3D digital terrain model (DTM) of the suite of mining cavities is then created in the mine design software Surpac. A new and integrated approach to determine the stability of the underground cavity based on the DTM and FLAC models is presented. A case study conducted in an underground copper mine confirms the efficiency and reliability of the proposed method.
A high sensitivity, high bandwidth In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As/InP heterojunction phototransistor (2002)

The effects of inserting a thin, low-doped InP layer into the emitter of an N-InP/p/sup +/-In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/ As/n-In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As heterojunction phototransistor were investigated by both numerical simulation and experiments. This high-low emitter structure can improve both sensitivity and bandwidth over conventional structures at low input optical power by decreasing the bulk recombination current at the heterointerface. Experimental results show that the photocurrent gain is independent of the incident power at high input powers. At low input power, the gain is found to have a small power dependence, with an ideality factor of 1.25. A current gain as high as 260 is obtained at an input power of only 40 nW.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Supplementary Figure 1 from AMG 757, a Half-Life Extended, DLL3-Targeted Bispecific T-Cell Engager, Shows High Potency and Sensitivity in Preclinical Models of Small-Cell Lung Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 1 DLL3 is differentially expressed in SCLC tumors and cell lines compared with normal tissues.&lt;/p&gt;
Epistemic modality or how to express likelihood in Burmese* (2010)

Cet article a pour objectif de présenter une étude de la modalité épistémique, en birman. S'appuyant sur un large corpus, i.e. la traduction d'un roman d'Harry Potter, cette étude s'intéresse à la traduction des valeurs épistémiques de may, might, could, maybe en birman. D'autres études sur la modalité basées sur des corpus parallèles ont prouve leur utilité (van der Auwera &amp; al 2005), et ce travail devrait permettre de confirmer (ou d'infirmer) les analyses proposées précédemment sur le sujet (Vittrant 2005): absence d'adverbes épistémiques, utilisation massive d'un marqueur irréalis et recours à des constructions complexes idiomatiques. En outre, cet article présente des donnees sur une langue rarement prise en compte dans les études typologiques.
Comparison of direct electron microscopy, immune electron microscopy, and rotavirus enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of gastroenteritis viruses in children (1981)

An approximate 10% suspension in water of the first available stool sample from 411 infants and young children with acute gastroenteritis was examined by electron microscopy (EM) after 2 min of negative staining. This procedure enabled the detection of 88% of the 199 rotavirus infections, all of the 22 adenovirus infections, and 47% of the 15 approximately 27-nm virus infections ultimately detected by a combination of techniques, including immune electron microscopy (IEM) and rotavirus enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Of the 204 infections detected by direct EM of stools, 76% were detected within 2 min of viewing, and 94% were detected within 6 min of viewing. Type 1 and type 2 rotavirus particles were visualized with approximately equal efficiency, although type 2 rotavirus infections were more common. Rectal swab preparations were clearly inferior to stool preparations for the detection of virus infection by direct EM. IEM examination was required for efficient visualization of viruses in rectal swab specimens. ELISA was the most sensitive method for the detection of rotaviruses; with this method, all infections in which rotavirus particles were visualized by EM or IEM were detected. However, 73% of the 1,834 specimens which were presumptively positive for rotavirus by conventional indirect ELISA proved to be falsely positive on the basis of EM, IEM, blocking ELISA, confirmatory ELISA, or a combination of these methods. False-positive rotavirus ELISA reactions apparently were eliminated when fecal specimens were tested in a modified confirmatory ELISA with a lower dilution of rotavirus-negative (pre-immunization) than rotavirus-positive (post-immunization) capture antibody from the same animal.
Class II Phosphoinositide 3-Kinases Are Downstream Targets of Activated Polypeptide Growth Factor Receptors (2000)

The class II phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K) PI3K-C2alpha and PI3K-C2beta are two recently identified members of the large PI3K family. Both enzymes are characterized by the presence of a C2 domain at the carboxy terminus and, in vitro, preferentially utilize phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol 4-monophosphate as lipid substrates. Little is understood about how the catalytic activity of either enzyme is regulated in vivo. In this study, we demonstrate that PI3K-C2alpha and PI3K-C2beta represent two downstream targets of the activated epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor in human carcinoma-derived A431 cells. Stimulation of quiescent cultures with EGF resulted in the rapid recruitment of both enzymes to a phosphotyrosine signaling complex that contained the EGF receptor and Erb-B2. Ligand addition also induced the appearance of a second, more slowly migrating band of PI3K-C2alpha and PI3K-C2beta immunoreactivity on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Since both PI3K enzymes can utilize Ca(2+) as an essential divalent cation in lipid kinase assays and since the catalytic activity of PI3K-C2alpha is refractory to the inhibitor wortmannin, these properties were used to confirm the recruitment of each PI3K isozyme to the activated EGF receptor complex. To examine this interaction in greater detail, PI3K-C2beta was chosen for further investigation. EGF and platelet-derived growth factor also stimulated the association of PI3K-C2beta with their respective receptors in other cells, including epithelial cells and fibroblasts. The use of EGF receptor mutants and phosphopeptides derived from the EGF receptor and Erb-B2 demonstrated that the interaction with recombinant PI3K-C2beta occurs through E(p)YL/I phosphotyrosine motifs. The N-terminal region of PI3K-C2beta was found to selectively interact with the EGF receptor in vitro, suggesting that it mediates the association of this PI3K with the receptor. However, the mechanism of this interaction remains unclear. We conclude that class II PI3K enzymes may contribute to the generation of 3' phosphoinositides following the activation of polypeptide growth factor receptors in vivo and thus mediate certain aspects of their biological activity.
Process Improvement by Eliminating Mixing of Whole Blood Units after an Overnight Hold Prior to Component Production Using the Buffy Coat Method (2013)

The elimination of a thorough manual mixing of whole blood (WB) which takes place following the overnight hold, but before the first centrifugation step, during buffy coat component production at Canadian Blood Services (CBS) was investigated. WB was pooled after donation and split. Pairs of platelet, red blood cell (RBC), and plasma components were produced, with half using the standard method and half using a method in which the mixing step was eliminated. Quality assessments included yield, pH, CD62P expression and morphology for platelets, hemoglobin, hematocrit, hemolysis, and supernatant K(+) for RBCs, and volume and factor VIII activity levels for plasma. All components, produced using either method, met CBS quality control criteria. There were no significant differences in platelet yield between components produced with and without mixing. A significant difference was seen for RBC hemolysis at expiry (P = 0.03), but for both groups, levels met quality control requirements. Noninferiority of components produced without mixing was confirmed for all parameters. Manual mixing is laborious and has a risk of repetitive strain for production staff and its significance is unclear. Elimination of this step will improve process efficiencies without compromising quality.
Neonatal hemochromatosis: Genetic counseling based on retrospective pathologic diagnosis (1992)

We report a case of neonatal hemochromatosis in which the genetic counseling was initiated by, and based on, retrospective pathologic diagnosis. Perinatal or neonatal hemochromatosis is beginning to be recognized as a distinct clinical entity and one of the most common causes of perinatal cirrhosis. The exact mechanism of liver damage and the relationship to adult type hemochromatosis have not been fully clarified. The pattern of fibrosis in the liver plus the abundant iron deposition in the liver and other organs separate this entity pathologically from other causes of neonatal liver failure. We report on a case of neonatal hemochromatosis that was diagnosed on retrospective autopsy review of an infant with supposed hereditary tyrosinemia, when the family presented for genetic counseling. This case emphasizes to the genetic counselor and pathologist the need to consider the diagnosis prenatally, after birth, or at death, as failure to do so would result in the inability to identify families at genetic risk for neonatal hemochromatosis or in mislabeling a family with another inborn error.
Growth of GaN on a three-dimensional SCAATTM bulk seed by tri-halide vapor phase epitaxy using GaCl3 (2019)

Abstract GaN with a film thickness of 200–600 μ m was grown on the as-grown three-dimensional supercritical acidic ammonia technology (SCAAT TM ) bulk seed that comprised only semipolar <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mo stretchy="false">{</mml:mo> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> <mml:mover accent="true"> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo stretchy="true">¯</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mover accent="true"> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo stretchy="true">¯</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mo stretchy="false">}</mml:mo> </mml:math> planes at a temperature as high as 1390 °C by tri-halide vapor phase epitaxy; further, the GaN film was also characterized. The FWHM value of the X-ray rocking curves was ∼40″, which was almost similar to the value of the used seed. The curvature radii were as large as 40–64 m. Further, the carrier concentrations were observed to be as small as 5.1 × 10 17 –9.1 × 10 17 cm −3 . However, the basal plane stacking fault densities were observed to be 3.4 × 10 1 –5.4 × 10 1 cm −1 and were observed to increase during the growth process because of the as-grown SCAAT TM seed surface condition.
Marine bacteria, VIII. Maremycin A and B, new diketopiperazines from a marine Streptomyces sp. (1995)

Abstract In the culture broth of the marine Streptomyces sp. B 9173 the two novel diketopiperazines maremycin A ( 1 ) and B ( 2 ) were detected by chemical screening. Their structures were elucidated and confirmed by the synthesis of the oxindole derivative 4 .
High‐resolution quantitative sodium imaging at 9.4 tesla (2014)

The reduction of partial volume effects is essential for accurate measurement of the sodium concentration in the human brain. Ultrahigh field imaging is a viable tool to achieve this goal due to its increased sensitivity.
Determination of volatile ‘restricted substances’ in flavourings and their volatile raw materials by GC‐MS (2014)

Abstract Many flavour regulations around the world contain a list of so‐called ‘restricted substances’ (RS), i.e. substances that occur naturally in source materials for flavourings and food ingredients with flavouring properties, but whose presence in certain foods is restricted and/or for which maximum levels are set, for example, the European regulation 1334/2008. Only a few publications refer to the determination of RS in compound flavourings or their raw materials, and the latter only concern the analysis of one or two individual RS in single essential oils. The Working Group on Methods of Analysis of the International Organization of the Flavor Industry (IOFI) has developed a method for the rapid routine determination of β‐asarone, coumarin, menthofuran, methylchavicol, methyleugenol, pulegone, safrole and α‐ and β‐thujones in flavourings and their raw materials by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS), using selected‐ion monitoring and internal standards. The method has been evaluated by nine flavour‐industry laboratories using a complex surrogate flavouring containing all of the above analytes, at concentrations that would be likely to produce levels in finished foods of around typical maximum limits for these RS. Results were obtained from a total of 15 columns and sets of analytical conditions, using 11 GC/MS instruments, with in each case a determination of the analyte in two versions of the flavouring. With reproducibility relative standard deviations (RSD R ) of less than about 20%, and recoveries of 80–120%, the method performance can be considered as satisfactory for rapid routine checks on the levels of restricted substances in compound flavourings. The method is intended for flavour‐industry laboratories in order for them to fulfil their obligation to inform food‐industry clients of the amounts of these substances in commercial flavourings, but is not intended for their analysis in finished foods. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Benzoyl O,O‐Dialkyl Phosphoranilidates: Reaction with O‐ and N‐ Nucleophiles. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Reactive Ion Etching of Silicon with Cl2 / Ar ( 1 ) (1983)

A study of the use of reactive chlorine species for etching silicon and silicon dioxide in a plasma etching process has been made with a gas mixture in a cathode‐coupled diode system. A key advantage of the gas mixture is the ability to achieve high etch rate ratios between silicon and silicon dioxide (≥ 20:1) coupled with no mask undercutting, which tends to be prevalent with fluorinated gas systems. Etching characteristics of Si as a function of process parameters ( concentration, pressure, system loading) and material parameters (e.g., Si conductivity, edge shape of mask) have been evaluated. These parameters can influence the silicon etch rate, the etch rate ratio, as well as the etched edge shape.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Leucomycin Analogues Modified at the C‐3 Position. Part 1. Epimerization and Methylation of the 3‐Hydroxyl Group. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Closed-Loop Control of Combustion Initiation and Combustion Duration (2019)

When high levels of cooled external exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) are used to increase engine efficiency, the laminar flame speed during the flame initiation period is reduced and the combustion duration is elongated. The reduction in flame propagation speed together with the increase in cycle-to-cycle variability makes the combustion process prone to failure of flame initiation (misfire) or slow burning rates. A highly visited operating speed/load point is used to investigate the feedback control of spark advance (SA) and EGR valve. A decentralized proportional-integral (PI) controller and a centralized linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) controller are designed to maintain a desired combustion initiation and duration that indirectly ensures a proper flame kernel initiation and flame propagation. A simple control-oriented combustion model is derived from system identification to perform simulation and linear analysis of the closed-loop (CL) system. Experimental validation of the controllers shows that the LQG performs better in transients and produces the least amount of cycle-to-cycle variability in CL operation. Analysis of the linearized system in frequency domain shows that a multivariable architecture is required to handle the input-output coupling efficiently. Sensitivity analysis of PI and LQG controllers under gain variability is reported to guide the tuning process, which also influences the cycle-to-cycle variability. The two-input two-output controllers designed in this paper are compared with a single-input single-output (SISO) controller designed to only adjust SA for the maximum brake torque. When the EGR valve is adjusted based on a lookup table, uncertainty in the EGR-rate will directly affect the combustion duration for which the SISO controller alone cannot handle. In conclusion, a coordinated spark and EGR controller based on the measured combustion features is deemed to be required for combustion control under diluted conditions.
Automatic Spot Color Matching Using In-line Densitometric Measurements (2010)

In many applications a very accurate color needs to be achieved in print. In industrial printing this applies often to product colors which have to be consistent across printing sessions of the same product and across printing technologies (e.g. packages, labels, banners, and adds of the same product). In Enterprise printing this can apply to company logos. Currently few solutions are possible: One solution is using special inks. However, the design of the ink is not always feasible, and may be very expensive. The most common is the use of special color conversion tables. However, in most cases the accuracy of these tables is not perfect over the whole color gamut and further tweaking must be performed in order to achieve better accuracy, which increases the setup time for each job.We propose a method for spot color printing using the set of available inks on the press. Our method is an iterative scheme that contains a feedback from a simple In-Line Densitometer (ILD) located in the paper path of many industrial presses after the printing engine (all our experiments have been conducted on HP Indigo presses). Required colors are specified by their Lab values. In each iteration a new coverage is printed and measured by the ILD, the algorithm calculates the change in coverage that is estimated to provide an output that is likely closest to the target Lab values required by the user. Initial results show the achieved mean accuracy for in-gamut colors is less than 1 &#x394;E. This accuracy is achieved for various paper types without any need to pre-define the paper type or other parameters.
Morpholino-functionalized phosphorus dendrimers for precision regenerative medicine: osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (2019)

A novel bioactive macromolecule based on morpholino-functionalized phosphorus dendrimers (generation 2, G2-Mor<sup>+</sup>) was developed for osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Interestingly, through in vitro tests, it was shown that G2-Mor<sup>+</sup> dendrimer can strongly promote the transformation of MSCs into osteoblasts, which implies the potential application of phosphorus dendrimers in bone regeneration for precision regenerative medicine.
Characterization of Reperfused Myocardial Infarctions with T1-Enhancing and Magnetic Susceptibility-Enhancing Contrast Media (1991)

SAEED, MAYTHEM DVM, PHD; WENDLAND, MICHAEL F. PHD; HIGGINS, CHARLES B. MD, FACC Author Information
Expression, refolding and indirect immobilization of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) to cellulose via a phage‐selected peptide and cellulose‐binding domain (CBD) (2001)

We examined the potential immobilization of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) to cellulose with cellulose-binding domain (CBD) as a mediator, using a ligand selected from a phage-displayed random peptide library. A 15-mer random peptide library was panned on cellulose-coated plates covered with CBD in order to find a peptide that binds to CBD in its bound form. The sequence I/LHS, which was found to be an efficient binder of CBD, was fused to a synthetic gene of HRP as an affinity tag. The tagged enzyme (tHRP) was then immobilized on microcrystalline cellulose coated with CBD, thereby demonstrating the indirect immobilization of a protein to cellulose via three amino acids selected by phage display library and CBD.