gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mobile data communications (2002)

The author compares the technical aspects of the European data transmission systems currently available and discusses the possible applications and services which can be supported. The use of modems, acoustic or direct, and digital data services is considered for each bearer service. The objective is to give technical and realistic summaries of radio communication systems within Europe, and the present status of these systems. Particular attention is given to the cellular mobile system (especially the Global System for Mobile Communications, or GSM) and to packet radio.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A Role for a Novel Luminal Endoplasmic Reticulum Aminopeptidase in Final Trimming of 26 S Proteasome-generated Major Histocompatability Complex Class I Antigenic Peptides (2001)

Peptides presented to cytotoxic T lymphocytes by the class I major histocompatability complex are 8-11 residues long. Although proteasomal activity generates the precise C termini of antigenic epitopes, the mechanism(s) involved in generation of the precise N termini is largely unknown. To investigate the mechanism of N-terminal peptide processing, we used a cell-free system in which two recombinant ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) constructs, one expressing the native H2-K(b)-restricted ovalbumin (ova)-derived epitope SIINFEKL (ODC-ova) and the other expressing the extended epitope LESIINFEKL (ODC-LEova), were targeted to degradation by 26 S proteasomes followed by import into microsomes. We found that the cleavage specificity of the 26 S proteasome was influenced by the N-terminal flanking amino acids leading to significantly different yields of the final epitope SIINFEKL. Following incubation in the presence of purified 26 S proteasome, ODC-LEova generated largely ESIINFEKL that was efficiently converted to the final epitope SIINFEKL following translocation into microsomes. The conversion of ESIINFEKL to SIINFEKL was strictly dependent on the presence of H2-K(b) and was completely inhibited by the metalloaminopeptidase inhibitor 1,10-phenanthroline. Importantly, the converting activity was resistant to a stringent salt/EDTA wash of the microsomes and was only apparent when transport of TAP, the transporter associated with antigen processing, was facilitated. These results strongly suggest a crucial role for a luminal endoplasmic reticulum-resident metalloaminopeptidase in the N-terminal trimming of major histocompatability complex class I-associated peptides.
Identification of Subpopulations of Rat Granulosa Cells: Sedimentation Properties and Hormonal Responsiveness* (1985)

Ovarian granulosa cells from small follicles have generally been considered to comprise a homogeneous cell population; however, stratified arrangements of hormone receptors have been found in antral and mural granulosa cells of Graafian follicles. Using cultured granulosa cells derived from immature, hypophysectomized, estrogen-treated rats, we have previously shown that vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) as well as FSH stimulates steroid production by these cells. Dose-response analysis indicated that the actions of these hormones were additive, suggesting the presence of subpopulations of granulosa cells. Using a continuous (0-30%) Metrizamide density gradient, we have identified three populations of granulosa cells with different sedimentation properties. After centrifugation for 15 min at 1500 X g, cells sedimented at Metrizamide concentrations of 13%, 18%, and 20% (peaks A, B, and C, respectively). The subpopulation with lowest density (peak A) comprised 5% of the total cells, whereas the remaining cells were distributed approximately equally in the other two peaks. The profiles of estrogen and progesterone production by these cells in response to FSH and VIP indicated that FSH preferentially stimulated steroid production in cells with the highest density (peak C), whereas VIP mainly induced steroidogenic responses in cells of intermediate density (peak B). In contrast, cells with the lowest density (peak A) were unresponsive to either hormone. Treatment with forskolin, a universal adenylate cyclase activator, induced steroid production in both subpopulations B and C. Further studies demonstrated that LH/human CG receptors were induced by FSH and forskolin in cells from peak C, whereas VIP treatment did not induce LH/human CG receptors in cells from peak B. In unfractionated cultured cells, GnRH potently antagonized FSH- but not VIP-induced steroidogenesis. Upon density-gradient fractionation, the profile of GnRH receptor content correlated well with GnRH effects since FSH-responsive cells (peak C) contained the majority of GnRH receptors. The present results demonstrate that granulosa cells from immature follicles are heterogeneous and consist of two major subpopulations of cells with differential responsiveness to FSH and VIP. These findings provide the basis for further morphological and biochemical analysis of subpopulations of granulosa cells during follicular development.
PROTOCADHERIN 7 Acts through SET and PP2A to Potentiate MAPK Signaling by EGFR and KRAS during Lung Tumorigenesis (2016)

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer-associated deaths worldwide. Given the efficacy of membrane proteins as therapeutic targets in human malignancies, we examined cell-surface receptors that may act as drivers of lung tumorigenesis. Here, we report that the PROTOCADHERIN PCDH7 is overexpressed frequently in NSCLC tumors where this event is associated with poor clinical outcome. PCDH7 overexpression synergized with EGFR and KRAS to induce MAPK signaling and tumorigenesis. Conversely, PCDH7 depletion suppressed ERK activation, sensitized cells to MEK inhibitors, and reduced tumor growth. PCDH7 potentiated ERK signaling by facilitating interaction of protein phosphatase PP2A with its potent inhibitor, the SET oncoprotein. By establishing an oncogenic role for PCDH7 in lung tumorigenesis, our results provide a rationale to develop novel PCDH7 targeting therapies that act at the cell surface of NSCLC cells to compromise their growth. Cancer Res; 77(1); 187-97. ©2016 AACR.
Soft error robust impulse and TSPC flip-flops in 90nm CMOS (2009)

We propose an impulse flip-flop and a true single-phase clock (TSPC) flip-flop that are soft error robust. Each flip-flop consists of a unique transfer unit and a soft error robust 8-transistor Quatro latch. The transfer unit of the impulse flip-flop uses the clock signal and its complement to generate a narrow voltage pulse that enables writing the data into the Quatro latch. In contrast, the transfer unit of the TSPC flip-flop uses only the clock signal to conditionally pass the data into the Quatro latch. The flip-flops exhibit as much as 56% lower power-delay product when compared with a recently reported soft error robust flip-flop. The maximum area overhead of the proposed flip-flops is only 10% with respect to a master-slave D flip-flop. Post-layout simulations in 90nm CMOS technology confirms the functionality of the proposed flip-flops while an accelerated radiation test on an SRAM chip shows 47x lower soft error rate in the Quatro latch used in the proposed flip-flops.
Searching very large routing tables in wide embedded memory (2002)

Exponentially growing routing tables create the need for increasingly storage-efficient lookup schemes that do not compromise on lookup performance and update rates. This paper evaluates the mechanisms that determine the storage efficiency of state-of-the-art IP lookup schemes. A novel scheme named BARTS (balanced routing table search) is proposed for searching large routing tables in wide embedded memory at OC-192 and OC-768 speeds, while also supporting fast incremental updates. BARTS supports a 38 K-entry routing table in 255 KB and a 72 K-entry table in 453 KB; a 500 K-entry table is estimated to fit into 3 MB. More sophisticated memory management can further reduce these figures to 215, 375 KB, and approximately 2.5 MB, respectively. This is sufficient to handle the large routing tables towards which the Internet seems to be heading in the near future.
10Gbps Monolithically-Integrated Widely-Tunable Wavelength Converter Using Quantum Well Intermixing (2005)

We report on the implementation and performance of an InP centered quantum well intermixed, MZI-SOA all-optical wavelength-converter monolithically-integrated with an SGDBR. We show error-flee operation at 10Gbps, and 3dBm output power over 30nm output tuning.
Expression and electrophysiological identification of the receptor for bombesin and gastrin‐releasing peptide in Xenopus laevis oocytes injected with polyA+ RNA from rat brain (1988)

The receptor for bombesin and the related peptide, gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) has been induced in frog oocytes by injection of polyA+ RNA from rat brain. The primed oocytes responded to peptides of the bombesin family (GRP, neuromedin C of bombesin) by showing dose-dependent oscillations in membrane currents as recorded by the voltage-clamp method. The induced membrane changes were suppressed when oocytes were pretreated with a bombesin-receptor antagonist.
Front Cover: Molecular Epitope Determination of Aptamer Complexes of the Multidomain Protein C‐Met by Proteolytic Affinity‐Mass Spectrometry (ChemMedChem 4/2020) (2020)

The Front Cover shows the interaction epitopes of the extracellular structure of human C-Met receptor protein complexes with two DNA-aptamers of 60 and 64 bases, produced in vitro by the SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment) procedure. The C-Met protein has been recently recognized as a highly useful biomarker in cancer diagnosis. Using proteolytic affinity–mass spectrometry in combination with SPR biosensor analysis, epitope identifications with high affinities were obtained for DNA aptamers with a single linear peptide (aptamer CLN0004; upper right), and a discontinuous assembled epitope (aptamer CLN0003; upper left). The molecular epitopes identified by mass spectrometry for the first time of DNA aptamers as potential antibody alternatives, render them of high interest for cellular diagnostics. More information can be found in the Full Paper by Loredana Lupu, Michael Przybylski et al. on page 363 in Issue 4, 2020 (DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900489).
Predictors of atrial mechanical sensing and atrioventricular synchrony with a leadless ventricular pacemaker: Results from the MARVEL 2 Study (2020)

Clinical parameters and echocardiographic markers of atrial function are associated with A4 signal amplitude. High AVS can be predicted by E/A ratio <0.94 and low sinus rate variability at rest.
Change Detection from Temporal Sequences of Class Labels: Application to Land Cover Change Mapping (2013)

Mapping land cover change is an important problem for the scientific community as well as policy makers. Traditionally, bi-temporal classification of satellite data is used to identify areas of land cover change. However, these classification products often have errors due to classifier inaccuracy or poor data, which poses significant issues when using them for land cover change detection. In this paper, we propose a generative model for land cover label sequences and use it to reassign a more accurate sequence of land cover labels to every pixel. Empirical evaluation on real and synthetic data suggests that the proposed approach is effective in capturing the characteristics of land cover classification and change processes, and produces significantly improved classification and change detection products.
Dynamic Surface Events Measured by Simultaneous Probe Microscopy and Surface Plasmon Detection (1996)

The in situ study of dynamic surface events has significant implications for developing a deeper understanding of macromolecular interactions at or near the solid−liquid interface. Here we describe a new approach to studying this interface using a novel combined surface plasmon resonance and surface force microscope (SPR−SFM) which allows the simultaneous in situ acquisition of the surface kinetic and topographic data. We illustrate the potential of this instrumentation in two key fields of biomedical research, polymer surface degradation and surface adsorption phenomena. The instrument allows the determination of the kinetics of nanometric changes in the thickness of the polymer films and the visualization of the corresponding surface topographical changes on polymer erosion. The kinetics of the adsorption of the protein fibrinogen to a polymer interface are realized to molecular resolution. In conclusion, we believe that the synergistic combination of SPR and SFM offers an elegant approach to the quantitative study of dynamic surface events at the molecular level.
Multi-sensor data fusion for improved measurement accuracy in injection molding (2016)

Data fusion enables the integration of multiple sensing data associated with the same physical process for more comprehensive process representation, thereby improving quality control in manufacturing. Based on a correlation analysis of measurement data, the effectiveness of data fusion has been investigated, using precision injection moulding as an application context and the predicted weight of moulded parts as a criterion. The study systematically explains why a multivariate sensor that quantifies four parameters at the same sensor location has consistently outperformed multiple single-parameter commercial sensors under various operation conditions, thereby contributing to the theory of data fusion for measurement enhancement.
Repurposing antimalarial aminoquinolines and related compounds for treatment of retinal neovascularization (2018)

Neovascularization is the pathological driver of blinding eye diseases such as retinopathy of prematurity, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, and wet age-related macular degeneration. The loss of vision resulting from these diseases significantly impacts the productivity and quality of life of patients, and represents a substantial burden on the health care system. Current standard of care includes biologics that target vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a key mediator of neovascularization. While anti-VGEF therapies have been successful, up to 30% of patients are non-responsive. Therefore, there is a need for new therapeutic targets, and small molecule inhibitors of angiogenesis to complement existing treatments. Apelin and its receptor have recently been shown to play a key role in both developmental and pathological angiogenesis in the eye. Through a cell-based high-throughput screen, we identified 4-aminoquinoline antimalarial drugs as potent selective antagonists of APJ. The prototypical 4-aminoquinoline, amodiaquine was found to be a selective, non-competitive APJ antagonist that inhibited apelin signaling in a concentration-dependent manner. Additionally, amodiaquine suppressed both apelin-and VGEF-induced endothelial tube formation. Intravitreal amodaiquine significantly reduced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) lesion volume in the laser-induced CNV mouse model, and showed no signs of ocular toxicity at the highest doses tested. This work firmly establishes APJ as a novel, chemically tractable therapeutic target for the treatment of ocular neovascularization, and that amodiaquine is a potential candidate for repurposing and further toxicological, and pharmacokinetic evaluation in the clinic.
The micro fabry-perot interferometer for the spectral endoscopf (2005)

This paper reports on a micro Fabry-Perot interferometer (MFPI) for the spectral endoscope which can acquire spectral images of a target at each pixel. The MFPI with the Si/Si/sub 3/N/sub 4//Si multi-layer mirrors and the MFPI prototype were designed and fabricated. This MFPI can be used in the wavelength ranging from 400 nm to 1000 nm. The RGB image of the butterfly was taken by the spectral endoscope, which consists of the MFPI prototype, a CCD, and lenses. The image according to the peak wavelength was also acquired. Thus, we demonstrate the efficiency of the MFPI for the spectral endoscope.
Bacterial Genetic Signatures of Human Social Phenomena among M. tuberculosis from an Aboriginal Canadian Population (2009)

Despite a widespread global distribution and highly variable disease phenotype, there is little DNA sequence diversity among isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In addition, many regional population genetic surveys have revealed a stereotypical structure in which a single clone, lineage, or clade makes up the majority of the population. It is often assumed that dominant clones are highly adapted, that is, the overall structure of M. tuberculosis populations is the result of positive selection. In order to test this assumption, we analyzed genetic data from extant populations of bacteria circulating in Aboriginal communities in Saskatchewan, Canada. Demographic parameters of the bacterial population were estimated from archival epidemiological data collected over approximately 130 years since the onset of epidemic tuberculosis in the host communities. Bacterial genetic data were tested against neutral theory expectations and the local evolutionary history of M. tuberculosis investigated by phylogenetic analysis. Our findings are not consistent with positive selection on the bacterial population. Instead, we uncovered founder effects persisting over decades and barriers to gene flow within the bacterial population. Simulation experiments suggested that a combination of these neutral influences could result in the stereotypical structure of M. tuberculosis populations. Some aspects of population structure were suggestive of background selection, and data were on the whole consistent with combined effects of population bottlenecks, subdivision, and background selection. Neutral phenomena, namely, bottlenecks and partitions within populations, are prominent influences on the evolution of M. tuberculosis and likely contribute to restricted genetic diversity observed within this species. Given these influences, a complex evolutionary model will be required to define the relative fitness of different M. tuberculosis lineages and, ultimately, to uncover the genetic basis for its success as a pathogen.
Metabolic engineering to enhance bacterial hydrogen production (2007)

Hydrogen fuel is renewable, efficient and clean, and fermentative bacteria hold great promise for its generation. Here we use the isogenic Escherichia coli K-12 KEIO library to rapidly construct multiple, precise deletions in the E. coli genome to direct the metabolic flux towards hydrogen production. Escherichia coli has three active hydrogenases, and the genes involved in the regulation of the formate hydrogen lyase (FHL) system for synthesizing hydrogen from formate via hydrogenase 3 were also manipulated to enhance hydrogen production. Specifically, we altered regulation of FHL by controlling the regulators HycA and FhlA, removed hydrogen consumption by hydrogenases 1 and 2 via the hyaB and hybC mutations, and re-directed formate metabolism using the fdnG, fdoG, narG, focA, fnr and focB mutations. The result was a 141-fold increase in hydrogen production from formate to create a bacterium (BW25113 hyaB hybC hycA fdoG/pCA24N-FhlA) that produces the largest amount of hydrogen to date and one that achieves the theoretical yield for hydrogen from formate. In addition, the hydrogen yield from glucose was increased by 50%, and there was threefold higher hydrogen production from glucose with this strain.
Association between Hepatocyte Growth Factor Gene Polymorphism and Essential Hypertension (2004)

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a growth factor which contributes to protection and/or repair of vascular endothelial cells. Serum HGF level is elevated in response to hypertensive organ damage, which suggests that blood pressure regulation may be affected by HGF gene polymorphisms via serum HGF. To examine the interaction between a HGF gene polymorphism and hypertension, we carried out a case-control study. The present study was conducted in outpatients of Osaka University Hospital. Subjects (n=654) who gave informed consent to the study protocol and genetic analysis were recruited. A C to A nucleotide substitution in intron 13 of the HGF gene was determined by the TaqMan polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method using an MGB (Minor Groove Binder) probe. The genotype distribution of the C/A polymorphism of the HGF gene in total subjects was as follows: CC, 83%; CA, 16%; and AA 1%. This distribution was not significantly different from the predicted by Hardy-Weinberg's equilibrium. The prevalence of hypertension was significantly higher in subjects with the CC genotype than in those with an A allele, and the positive association remained after adjustment for confounding factors, with the estimated odds ratio for hypertension (CC vs. CA+AA) being 1.71 (95% confidence interval: 1.02-2.93). A significant association with hypertension was observed in lean or female subjects but not in obese or male subjects. In conclusion, our data suggested that C/A polymorphism in intron 13 of the HGF gene is associated with susceptibility to essential hypertension in lean or female subjects.
Efficacy of delayed-release Mesalamine 4.8g/d (800mg tablet) for treatment of moderate UC in patients with a history of difficult to treat disease: Analysis of 3 double-blind, active-controlled trials (2008)

To determine the efficacy of and identify patients more likely to respond to higher dose (4.8g/d, using an investigational 800 mg tablet) mesalamine for the treatment of moderately active ulcerative colitis (UC) according to prior medical therapies. Data from 3 Phase III, multi-center, randomized, double-blind, 6-week active-controlled studies of similar design (ASCEND I, II, & III) were combined and analyzed. Efficacy of delayed-release mesalamine 4.8g/d (800mg tablet) was compared with 2.4g/d (delayed-release mesalamine 400mg tablet) in patients with moderately active UC (Physician's Global Assessment [PGA] =2). The primary endpoint was treatment success defined as improvement from baseline in PGA (based on clinical assessments of rectal bleeding (RB), stool frequency (SF) and sigmoidoscopy) with no worsening in any individual clinical assessment. [Note that patient functional assessment was also considered in ASCEND I & II and that sigmoidoscopy results were assessed differently in ASCEND III as compared with ASCEND I &II]. Hallmark symptoms of UC, RB and SF, were evaluated identically in all three studies. Improvement in RB and SF was defined as a decrease from baseline of at least 1 point based on a 4 point scale (0-3). Clinical remission (CR) was defined as resolution of both RB and SF. A total of 1220 patients with moderately active UC were randomized and dosed. At 6 weeks, treatment success occurred in 69% and 62% of patients receiving 4.8g/d vs 2.4g/d, respectively, p=0.006. Similarly, at 6 weeks, more patients receiving 4.8g/d vs 2.4g/d had RB improvement (83% vs 79%, p=0.04), SF improvement (78% vs 73%, p=0.07) and CR (43% vs 37%, p=0.06). A therapeutic advantage of 4.8g/d was seen in patients with previous use of UC medications as evidenced in the table below: No Caption available. No Caption available. Delayed-release mesalamine at 4.8g/d (800mg tablet) demonstrated efficacy for the treatment of moderately active UC, with evidence of a therapeutic advantage in patients with a history of more difficult to treat disease (e.g., previous use of oral 5-ASAs, rectal therapies, steroids, or multiple medications).