gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract P4-11-09: Comparison of immunohistochemical residual risk panels to predict risk in early breast cancers treated with endocrine therapy (2015)

Abstract Background: We compare two residual risk models combining immunohistochemical (IHC) biomarkers, IHC4 and Mammostrat, in the Edinburgh Breast Conservation Series (BCS) and in the Tamoxifen versus Exemestane Adjuvant Multinational (TEAM) trial. Materials and Methods: The primary cohorts comprised 831 and 2,513 estrogen receptor (ER)-positive patients who did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy from the Edinburgh BCS and TEAM cohorts respectively. We evaluated prognostic scores for distant recurrence-free survival (DRFS). Results: Low scores for both IHC4 and Mammostrat are associated with better DRFS. In multivariate Cox regression analyses the addition of both scores to clinical factors provided independent information on residual risk (p&amp;lt;0.05). In the larger TEAM cohort, IHC4 was the stronger predictor of DRFS but additional information was gained from including the Mammostrat score for all ER-positive patients (p&amp;lt;0.001). Conclusion: The results showed that the scores have different capabilities in predicting DRFS depending on the study and subgroup of patients. However, significant benefit in estimating residual recurrence risk after treatment was observed from a combined use of both marker panels. This provides support for investigating their combined use for risk stratification of ER-positive early breast cancer patients. Citation Format: Jacqueline Stephen, Gordon Murray, David Cameron, Jeremy Thomas, Ian Kunkler, Wilma Jack, Gill Kerr, Tammy Piper, Cassandra Brookes, Daniel Rea, Cornelis van de Velde, Annette Hasenburg, Christos Markopoulos, Luc Dirix, Caroline Seynaeve, John Bartlett. Comparison of immunohistochemical residual risk panels to predict risk in early breast cancers treated with endocrine therapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-11-09.
Persistent 129Xe MRI Pulmonary and CT Vascular Abnormalities in Symptomatic Individuals with Post-acute COVID-19 Syndrome (2022)

Xenon 129 (<sup>129</sup>Xe) MRI measurements were lower in participants previously infected with COVID-19 who were admitted to in-patient treatment in hospital with post-acute COVID-19 syndrome, 34 weeks ± 25 after infection compared to controls. The <sup>129</sup>Xe MRI measures were associated with CT pulmonary vascular density, diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide, exercise capacity, and dyspnea. Clinical trial registration no.: NCT04584671 © RSNA, 2022 <i>Online supplemental material is available for this article</i> See also the editorial by Wild and Collier in this issue.
Degradation Analysis of Triple-Cation Perovskite Solar Cells by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (2022)

In this work, the electrical properties of different triple-cation compositions with the formula Cs0.05FA1–XMAXPb(I1–XBrX)3 have been analyzed using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The perovskite solar cells were subjected to ambient conditions to compare their results in terms of ambient degradation. Their morphology, optical properties, and photovoltaic performance were characterized. We analyzed the causes and effects of ambient degradation mechanisms on the devices. Electrochemical processes such as ion movement, a combination of radiative recombination and nonradiative recombination, and charge transport were detected. The MA percentage decrease in the composition of triple-cation perovskites, APbX3 produces an improvement in the stability and durability of perovskite solar cells. This enhancement is due to the reduction of the amount of ion vacancies helping to reduce the degradation in the device by avoiding the accumulation of defects.
Effect of deep-frying at different temperature and time on sulfonamide residues in chicken meat-balls (2020)

A study on the effect of deep-frying at different times and temperatures on sulfonamide (SA) residues in chicken meat-balls has been carried out. The SAs used were sulfadiazine (SDZ), sulfamethazine (SMZ), sulfamethoxazole (SMX), and sulfaquinoxaline (SQX). Time factor (3, 6, and 9 min) showed greater effect on the reduction of SAs compared to the temperature factor (170, 180, and 190°C). Through the Pearson Correlation analysis, reduction of SA concentration was positively related to the increase of the internal temperature during deep-frying process. The weight loss of the chicken meat-balls after deep-frying also is another factor in the reduction of SA residues. The longer the duration of deep-frying and the higher the temperature, the lower SA concentrations were observed. Deep-frying process could help in reducing the SA residues in chicken meat-balls where the maximum reductions obtained were 37.5, 27.5, 40.7, and 27.6% for SDZ, SMZ, SMX, and SQX, respectively at the maximum frying time and temperature. However, controlling the time and temperature of cooking at its best is still needed to retain the taste and appearance of the food. In this study, chicken meat balls fried at 180°C for 6 min resulted in the best condition for outward appearance and consumption as well as reduction in SA residues.
The Human Milk Oligosaccharide 3–Fucosyllactose Facilitates Preservation of Nitric Oxide‐Induced Vasodilation in Aortic Vessels In vitro (2017)

Background The human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) 2′‐Fucosyllactose (2′‐FL) and 3‐Fucosyllactose (3‐FL) structurally mimic human histo‐blood group antigens. It is estimated that ~1% of HMOs consumed are absorbed systemically. Although HMOs can reduce platelet‐neutrophil complex formation in vitro , direct effects on endothelial vascular reactivity and tone following an inflammatory stimulus are unknown. In vascular disease associated with intestinal ischemia, coronary ischemia, hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidemia, vasodilation is impaired due to loss of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) function with a pivotal switch from production of the vasodilator nitric oxide (NO) to vasoconstrictor superoxide (O 2 •− ). Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a risk factor in premature infants with congenital heart disease and pulmonary hypertension due to altered vascular reactivity. We hypothesize that HMO facilitates NO‐mediated vascular smooth muscle cell relaxation leading to increased vasodilation. Therefore, we investigated the effect of HMO‐3‐FL on NO‐dependent aortic vessel relaxation. Methods Studies were performed using rat thoracic aortic rings treated with or without 3‐FL and the vessel rings were grouped as Control, Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), LPS + 3‐FL. The rings were pre‐incubated with 3‐FL (250 μg/500 μl) followed by incubation with LPS for 4 hours in 5 μg/500 μl LPS/media. The rings were then assessed for endothelial‐dependent and independent relaxation by pre‐constricting vessels with phenylephrine (PHE) 1 μM and then progressive addition of acetylcholine (Ach) 0.001 to 100 uM or nitroprusside (SNP), 0.01 – 1000 nM. Vasorelaxation was calculated as a percentage of the PE‐induced maximal response. Results and Discussion Cumulative dosing of Ach or SNP to PHE‐pre‐constricted rings caused typical dose‐dependent relaxation in control aortic rings. However, after LPS treatment, this response was impaired with ~80% decrease. In rings that were pre‐incubated with 3‐FL, significant preservation of relaxation was seen with over 50% higher maximal relaxation compared to vehicle control LPS treatment. When pre‐incubated with 3‐FL (0.5mg/ml) the LPS stimulated aortic rings showed an increase in vasorelaxation (p&lt;0.05) over the full dose range of NO donor (SNP). Thus, 3‐FL enhanced endothelial‐independent relaxation, which is based on the function of the smooth muscle in the vessel wall. These results suggest an approach to prevent or limit NEC by reversing vasoconstriction. Preservation of vasomotor activity and vasodilation by HMOs may provide a novel nutritional approach for the prevention of NEC‐associated vascular dysfunction.
High density television codec for digital transmission via satellite (1997)

The growth of high-density television (HDTV) systems, along with the development of peripheral devices, depends on the development of transmission systems. The authors have constructed an HDTV digital transmission system for the purpose of supporting secondary distribution of HDTV signals and developed an HDTV codec intended for application in this system. The HDTV digital transmission system is a transmission system that utilizes a single (36 MHz) channel of a Kuband transponder of a communication satellite, employs a rate 3/4 convolutional code and a (255,239) Reed-Solomon block code for forward error correction, and uses quadriphase-shift keying (QPSK) as the modulation format. The HDTV codec developed for application in this system is a coding method that is based on discrete cosine transform (DCT) and motion compensated prediction, which provides 40 Mb/s coded video signal. In this paper, the structure of the HDTV digital satellite transmission system and the HDTV codec are described. The video coding method of the HDTV codec is also described. © 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 80 (1): 35–51, 1997
KEAP1-modifying small molecule reveals muted NRF2 signaling responses in neural stem cells from Huntington's disease patients (2017)

The activity of the transcription factor nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-derived factor 2 (NRF2) is orchestrated and amplified through enhanced transcription of antioxidant and antiinflammatory target genes. The present study has characterized a triazole-containing inducer of NRF2 and elucidated the mechanism by which this molecule activates NRF2 signaling. In a highly selective manner, the compound covalently modifies a critical stress-sensor cysteine (C151) of the E3 ligase substrate adaptor protein Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1), the primary negative regulator of NRF2. We further used this inducer to probe the functional consequences of selective activation of NRF2 signaling in Huntington's disease (HD) mouse and human model systems. Surprisingly, we discovered a muted NRF2 activation response in human HD neural stem cells, which was restored by genetic correction of the disease-causing mutation. In contrast, selective activation of NRF2 signaling potently repressed the release of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 in primary mouse HD and WT microglia and astrocytes. Moreover, in primary monocytes from HD patients and healthy subjects, NRF2 induction repressed expression of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, and TNFα. Together, our results demonstrate a multifaceted protective potential of NRF2 signaling in key cell types relevant to HD pathology.
P1‐311: Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) in blast‐exposed U.S. military veterans and a new blast neurotrauma mouse model (2012)

Blast exposure is associated with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and long-term cognitive disability. However, mechanistic evidence linking blast exposure to persistent neuropathology and neurological sequelae is not available. We combined clinicopathological correlation and animal modeling to test the hypothesis that blast exposure can induce chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), a tau protein-related neurodegenerative disease associated with impact head injury. We performed neuropathological examinations on the first two available postmortem brains of U.S. military veterans with known blast exposure and compared results to four young-adult and middle-aged American football players with history of impact head injury and four age-matched normal controls without blast exposure or head injury. We subjected adult wildtype C57L/6 mice to single blast or sham blast and evaluated brain pathology, ultrastructure, axonal conduction, synaptic plasticity, and hippocampal-dependent learning and memory two and four weeks following blast exposure. We used an intracerebral hydrophone to record blast wave pressure in the brain and high-speed videography to perform kinematic analysis of head movement during blast exposure. Neuropathological examination of brains from blast-exposed veterans revealed evidence of early CTE similar that in brains of young-adult and middle-aged athletes with history of impact head injury. Wildtype C57BL/6 mice with single blast exposure developed tau neuropathology, axonopathy, neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration similar to human CTE. Ultrastructural evaluation demonstrated blast-induced perivascular pathology, myelinated axonopathy, and neurodegeneration. We detected persistent impairments in hippocampal-dependent learning and memory in blast-exposed mice. Kinematic analysis demonstrated that blast wind induces rapid head oscillation at angular accelerations sufficient to cause brain injury. These results identify common pathogenic determinants leading to CTE in blast-exposed veterans and head-injured athletes. Clinicopathological findings validated in experimental animals mechanistically link blast exposure to brain injury, neurophysiological defects, behavioral deficits, and CTE neuropathology. The contribution of blast wind to injurious head acceleration is supported by animal experiments and posited as a primary injury mechanism in blast neurotrauma. The availability of a neuropathologically-validated mouse model will facilitate development of prophylactic, diagnostic, therapeutic, and rehabilitative strategies for blast-induced brain injury and its aftermath.
Spectral filtering using active metasurfaces compatible with narrow bandgap III-V infrared detectors (2016)

Narrow-bandgap semiconductors such as alloys of InAsAlSb and their heterostructures are considered promising candidates for next generation infrared photodetectors and devices. The prospect of actively tuning the spectral responsivity of these detectors at the pixel level is very appealing. In principle, this could be achieved with a tunable metasurface fabricated monolithically on the detector pixel. Here, we present first steps towards that goal using a complementary metasurface strongly coupled to an epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) mode operating in the long-wave region of the infrared spectrum. We fabricate such a coupled system using the same epitaxial layers used for infrared pixels in a focal plane array and demonstrate the existence of ENZ modes in high mobility layers of InAsSb. We confirm that the coupling strength between the ENZ mode and the metasurface depends on the ENZ layer thickness and demonstrate a transmission modulation on the order of 25%. We further show numerically the expected tunable spectral behavior of such coupled system under reverse and forward bias, which could be used in future electrically tunable detectors.
Supplementary Figure 3 from XPO1 (CRM1) Inhibition Represses STAT3 Activation to Drive a Survivin-Dependent Oncogenic Switch in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 87K, Survivin protein levels normalized to tubulin.&lt;/p&gt;
Exploring the Chemistry of Alkaloids from Malaysian Mitragyna speciosa (Kratom) and the Role of Oxindoles on Human Opioid Receptors (2021)

Ten indole and oxindole alkaloids (<b>1</b>-<b>10</b>) were isolated from the freshly collected leaves of Malaysian <i>Mitragyna speciosa</i> (Kratom). The chemical structures of these compounds were established on the basis of extensive 1D and 2D NMR and HRMS data analysis. The spectroscopic data of mitragynine oxindole B (<b>4</b>) are reported herein for the first time. The spatial configuration of mitragynine oxindole B (<b>4</b>) was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Simultaneous quantification of the isolated alkaloids in the <i>M. speciosa</i> leaf specimens collected from different locations in the northern region of Peninsular Malaysia was also performed using UPLC-MS/MS. The oxindole alkaloids (<b>1</b>-<b>4</b>) and the indole alkaloid (<b>10</b>) were assessed for binding affinity at opioid receptors. Corynoxine (<b>1</b>) showed high binding affinity to μ-opioid receptors with a <i>K</i><sub><i>i</i></sub> value of 16.4 nM. Further, corynoxine (<b>1</b>) was 1.8-fold more potent than morphine in rats subjected to a nociceptive hot plate assay. These findings have important implications for evaluating the combined effects of the minor oxindole alkaloids in the overall therapeutic activity of <i>M. speciosa</i>.
Substituent-Induced Perturbation Symmetries and Distortions of meso-tert-Butylporphyrins (1998)

The out-of-plane and in-plane distortions of a series of nickel(II) meso-substituted porphyrins with 0, 1, 2, or 4 tert-butyl groups [nickel(II) porphine (NiP), nickel(II) mono-tert-butylporphyrin (NiMtBuP), nickel(II) di-tert-butylporphyrin (NiDtBuP), and nickel(II) tetra-tert-butylporphyrin (NiTtBuP)] are investigated using molecular mechanics (MM) calculations, X-ray crystallography, UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, and resonance Raman spectroscopy. MM calculations are used to predict the stable conformations for this series of porphyrins. The out-of-plane distortions are then analyzed in terms of displacements along the normal coordinates of the porphyrin macrocycle using a new normal-coordinate structural decomposition method. As expected, the distortions are found to occur primarily along the lowest-frequency normal coordinate of each symmetry type and the distortions could be adequately simulated using only the lowest-frequency normal coordinates as a basis (the minimal basis). However, the distortions could be simulated significantly more accurately by extending the minimal basis by including the second-lowest-frequency normal coordinate of all symmetries. Using the extended basis is most important for the in-plane distortions. Detailed analysis of the types of distortion revealed that both the out-of-plane and the in-plane distortions depend on the perturbation symmetry of the peripheral substituents. The symmetry primarily depends on the pattern of substitution (number and positions of substituents) and the orientations of substituents. Often the perturbation symmetry can be predicted for a given porphyrin simply from the possible orientations of the substituents. Then, the main type(s) of symmetric deformation occurring for each possible molecular symmetry can be readily predicted from a D(4)(h)() correlation table. The stable conformers predicted by MM for the series of tert-butyl-substituted porphyrins confirm this simple but informative approach. Experimental verification of the calculated contributions of the symmetric deformations is provided by normal-coordinate structural decomposition of the available X-ray crystal structures of NiP, NiMtBuP, and NiDtBuP. The solid-state results are also supported by the resonance Raman and UV-visible absorption spectroscopic characterization of the porphyrins in solutions. The X-ray crystal structure of NiMtBuP is reported here for the first time.
The critical size of a defect in the glenoid causing anterior instability of the shoulder after a Bankart repair, under physiological joint loading (2019)

This computational study suggests that bone grafting should be undertaken for an anterior osseous defect in the glenoid of more than 16% of its length rather than a solely soft-tissue procedure, in order to optimize stability by restoring the concavity of the glenoid.
On the Privacy of Optimization Approaches (2012)

Ensuring privacy of sensitive data is essential in many contexts, such as healthcare data, banks, e-commerce, wireless sensor networks, and social networks. It is common that different entities coordinate or want to rely on a third party to solve a specific problem. At the same time, no entity wants to publish its problem data during the solution procedure unless there is a privacy guarantee. Unlike cryptography and differential privacy based approaches, the methods based on optimization lack a quantification of the privacy they can provide. The main contribution of this paper is to provide a mechanism to quantify the privacy of a broad class of optimization approaches. In particular, we formally define a one-to-many relation, which relates a given adversarial observed message to an uncertainty set of the problem data. This relation quantifies the potential ambiguity on problem data due to the employed optimization approaches. The privacy definitions are then formalized based on the uncertainty sets. The properties of the proposed privacy measure is analyzed. The key ideas are illustrated with examples, including localization, average consensus, among others.
Synthesis and labelling with the [99mTcN]2+ core of macromolecular multifunctional ligands for sentinel limphnode detection (2009)

Synthesis and labelling with the [99mTcN]2+ core of macromolecular multifunctional ligands for sentinel limphnode detection
Highly programmable wavelength selective switch based on liquid crystal on silicon switching elements (2006)

We present a novel wavelength selective switch (WSS) based on a liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS) switching element. The unit operates simultaneously at both 50 and 100 GHz channel spacing and is compatible with 40 G transmission requirements.
Further synthesis and biological characterization of a series of 2-sulfonamidebenzamides as allosteric modulators of MrgX1 (2021)

The present study describes our continued efforts in the discovery and characterization of a series of 2-sulfonamidebenzamides as allosteric modulators of MrgX1. MrgX1 has been shown to be an attractive target as a non-opioid receptor for the potential treatment of chronic pain. Working from our original compound, ML382, and utilizing iterative medicinal chemistry, we have identified key halogen substituents that improve MrgX1 potency by ~8-fold. In addition, we have evaluated the compounds in Tier 1 DMPK assays and have identified key compounds that impart improved potency and microsomal stability.
Anodic Stripping Voltammetry Coupled On-Line with Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry:  Optimization of a Thin-Layer Flow Cell System for Analyte Signal Enhancement (1997)

Parameters affecting analyte signal enhancement in anodic stripping voltammetry-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ASV-ICP-MS), using a thin-layer ASV cell and microconcentric nebulization (MCN), have been examined. Silver was used as a test analyte and was deposited at a glassy carbon working electrode. The MCN allowed use of solution flow rates that were beneficial to optimum electrolytic performance of the thin-layer cell. High analyte deposition efficiencies obtained with the thin-layer cell, combined with minimal sample consumption of the MCN, allowed substantial signal enhancement (>400 times higher than continuous nebulization level) to be obtained with 2-3 mL of sample and deposition times of less than 30 min. Signal enhancement was strongly influenced by the opposing effect of flow rate on the electrolytic deposition efficiency (deposition efficiency decreases with increasing flow rate) and on the quantity of analyte delivered to the cell (analyte mass throughput increases with increasing flow rate). Excellent linearity for stripping peak heights was demonstrated for a wide range of analyte deposition times and for peak heights and peak areas (r > 0.999) over a wide concentration range (25 ng/L-20 μg/L). Precision was good (RSD typically <3% for n = 3-6) except for a high Ag blank contributed to by corrosion of the counter electrode and by Ag diffusion from the reference electrode into the cell. Details of the flow manifold and ASV cells are discussed, along with relevant performance characteristics of the MCN.