gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Clinical Value of 18-Fluorine-Fluorodihydroxyphenylalanine Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography in the Follow-Up of Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma (2010)

(18)F-DOPA PET/CT allows for a more accurate diagnosis and localization of MTC lesions than do (18)F-DOPA PET or CT alone. Supporting the recent American Thyroid Association recommendations on additional imaging in MTC, (18)F-DOPA PET/CT appears to have 100% sensitivity in patients with hCt over 150 pg/mL.
<title>Laser and thermophysical properties of Nd-doped phosphate glasses</title> (1993)

The range of optical and thermal properties offered by Nd-doped phosphate glasses allows these materials to service a variety of laser applications. For example, the high extraction efficiency, low non-linear index and superb optical quality render Nd:phosphate glasses suitable for large-scale fusion laser technology. In this case laser efficiency as well as cost and glass yield issues are critical. As a consequence of the very low repetition rate (&lt; 1/hour), however, issues surrounding thermal fracture during laser operation are not important. On the other hand, high and moderate-average power laser systems require that the active element performs well under substantial heat loading. Here, the most important issues involve the thermal properties of the medium, and design considerations suggest that it is worthwhile to have somewhat lower extraction efficiency if the material can be engineered to endure significantly more heat loading without thermal fracture. It has been observed that the Nd:phosphate composition space spans thermal figure-of-merit and emission cross section values exceeding a factor of two. It turns out, unfortunately, that improved thermal properties tend to be roughly correlated with inferior laser attributes. In addition to the laser and thermal properties many other property issues need to be addressed including devitrification, durability, and platinum solubility. The manner in which the glass constituents affect glass properties and the nature of the trade-offs that are encountered in engineering practical media are discussed.
Benzylammonium‐Mediated Formamidinium Lead Iodide Perovskite Phase Stabilization for Photovoltaics (2021)

Abstract There is an ongoing surge of interest in the use of formamidinium (FA) lead iodide perovskites in photovoltaics due to their exceptional optoelectronic properties. However, thermodynamic instability of the desired cubic perovskite (α‐FAPbI 3 ) phase at ambient conditions leads to the formation of a yellow non‐perovskite (δ‐FAPbI 3 ) phase that compromises its utility. A stable α‐FAPbI 3 perovskite phase is achieved by employing benzylammonium iodide (BzI) and the microscopic structure is elucidated by using solid‐state NMR spectroscopy and X‐ray scattering measurements. Perovskite solar cells based on the FAPbI 3 (BzI) 0.25 composition achieve power conversion efficiencies exceeding 20%, which is accompanied by enhanced shelf‐life and operational stability, maintaining 80% of the performance after one year at ambient conditions.
Comparison of Causal and Non-causal Strategies for the Assessment of Baroreflex Sensitivity in Predicting Acute Kidney Dysfunction After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (2019)

Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery may lead to postoperative complications such as the acute kidney dysfunction (AKD), identified as any post-intervention increase of serum creatinine level. Cardiovascular control reflexes like the baroreflex can play a role in the AKD development. The aim of this study is to test whether baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) estimates derived from non-causal and causal approaches applied to spontaneous systolic arterial pressure (SAP) and heart period (HP) fluctuations can help in identifying subjects at risk of developing AKD after CABG and which BRS estimates provide the best performance. Electrocardiogram and invasive arterial pressure were acquired from 129 subjects (67 ± 10 years, 112 males) before (PRE) and after (POST) general anesthesia induction with propofol and remifentanil. Subjects were divided into AKDs (<i>n</i> = 29) or no AKDs (noAKDs, <i>n</i> = 100) according to the AKD development after CABG. The non-causal approach assesses the transfer function from the HP-SAP cross-spectrum in the low frequency (LF, 0.04-0.15 Hz) band. BRS was estimated according to three strategies: (i) sampling of the transfer function gain at the maximum of the HP-SAP squared coherence in the LF band; (ii) averaging of the transfer function gain in the LF band; (iii) sampling of the transfer function gain at the weighted central frequency of the spectral components of the SAP series dropping in the LF band. The causal approach separated the two arms of cardiovascular control (i.e., from SAP to HP and <i>vice versa</i>) and accounted for the confounding influences of respiration via system identification and modeling techniques. The causal approach provided a direct estimate of the gain from SAP to HP by observing the HP response to a simulated SAP rise from the identified model structure. Results show that BRS was significantly lower in AKDs than noAKDs during POST regardless of the strategy adopted for its computation. Moreover, all the BRS estimates during POST remained associated with AKD even after correction for demographic and clinical factors. Non-causal and causal BRS estimates exhibited similar performances. Baroreflex impairment is associated with post-CABG AKD and both non-causal and causal methods can be exploited to improve risk stratification of AKD after CABG.
Reprogrammable biological logic gate that exploits noise (2011)

Computation underlies the genetic regulatory network activities. Previous studies have designed and engineered systems that can perform single logic gate functionalities, trying to avoid external and internal random fluctuations. In this work, we demonstrate the possibility to exploit noise when it cannot be eliminated. In particular, we adapt the LSR paradigm to a single-gene network derived from the bacteriophage λ and to a more robust two-gene network derived from the yeast S. cerevisiae. Our results demonstrate that in both cases there is an optimal amount of noise where the biological logic gate can be externally reprogrammed (i.e. switch from the AND to the OR gate) and perform well according to the truth table.
Assessment of Multiple Injection Strategies in a Direct-Injection Hydrogen Research Engine (2009)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Hydrogen is widely considered a promising fuel for future transportation applications for both, internal combustion engines and fuel cells. Due to their advanced stage of development and immediate availability hydrogen combustion engines could act as a bridging technology towards a wide-spread hydrogen infrastructure. Although fuel cell vehicles are expected to surpass hydrogen combustion engine vehicles in terms of efficiency, the difference in efficiency might not be as significant as widely anticipated [&lt;span class="xref"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;]. Hydrogen combustion engines have been shown capable of achieving efficiencies of up to 45 % [&lt;span class="xref"&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;]. One of the remaining challenges is the reduction of nitric oxide emissions while achieving peak engine efficiencies.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper summarizes research work performed on a single-cylinder hydrogen direct injection engine at Argonne National Laboratory. Several injection strategies, composed of injection angle and combination of primary and secondary injection, were evaluated and compared to single injection strategy as a baseline. Due to the limitations in injector flow rates the study mainly focused on an engine speed of 1000 RPM. It was found that multiple injection strategies have the potential of reducing nitric oxide emissions by up to 85 % compared to single injection while maintaining constant engine efficiency. Further improvements to injector technology will be required to expand the operating regime of multiple injection strategies to higher engine speeds.&lt;/div&gt;
Physically-valid view synthesis by image interpolation (2002)

Image warping is a popular tool for smoothly transforming one image to another. "Morphing" techniques based on geometric image interpolation create compelling visual effects, but the validity of such transformations has not been established. In particular, does 2D interpolation of two views of the same scene produce a sequence of physically valid in-between views of that scene? We describe a simple image rectification procedure which guarantees that interpolation does in fact produce valid views, under generic assumptions about visibility and the projection process. Towards this end, it is first shown that two basis views are sufficient to predict the appearance of the scene within a specific range of new viewpoints. Second, it is demonstrated that interpolation of the rectified basis images produces exactly this range of views. Finally, it is shown that generating this range of views is a theoretically well-posed problem, requiring neither knowledge of camera positions nor 3D scene reconstruction. A scanline algorithm for view interpolation is presented that requires only four user-provided feature correspondences to produce valid orthographic views. The quality of the resulting images is demonstrated with interpolations of real imagery.
B-lymphocyte induced maturation protein 1 (Blimp-1) is required to limit the number of IL17A-producing CD4+ T cells in vivo. (P1139) (2013)

Abstract Blimp-1 is a transcription factor required for embryonic development and immunity. Mice with T-cell-specific deletion of Blimp-1 (Blimp-1CKO) develop severe intestinal inflammation apparently mediated by CD4+Th cells, but little is known about Blimp-1’s role in regulating Th cell differentiation in vivo. Here we show that Blimp-1 restrains Th cell production of IL17 and IFNγ in vivo. Blimp-1CKO mice accumulate IL17 and IFNγ-producing TCRβ+CD4+cells in lymphoid organs and intestinal mucosa. Increased numbers of IL17-producing Th cells are also observed in WT and Blimp-1CKO-mixed BM chimeric mice containing WT regulatory T (treg) cells, suggesting a Treg-independent intrinsic role for Blimp-1 in constraining IL17production. Blimp-1-/-naïve CD4+Tcells are more prone to differentiate into IL17+IFNγ+ cells and cause severe colitis when transferred to Rag1-/- mice. In vitro-stimulated Blimp-1-/- CD4+T cells show increased expression of il17a and other Th17-related genes, suggesting that Blimp-1 could inhibit transcription of Th17 genes. Using ChIP assays we identified at least one site at the il17a gene that can be bound by Blimp-1 in Th cells, suggesting that Blimp-1 could function as a direct repressor of il17a. Single cell analysis reveals that Blimp-1 expression is selectively regulated during Th differentiation and directly correlates with suppression of Th17 traits in Th1cells. Collectively, these results establish a new role for Blimp-1 in regulating IL17 production in vivo
Comparative studies of the long-term growth of lymphocytes from tumor infiltrates, tumor-draining lymph nodes, and peripheral blood by repeated in vitro stimulation with autologous tumor. (1990)

Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have been grown from a variety of human tumors. TILs from some patients with melanoma demonstrate lytic activity specific for autologous tumor, and can mediate tumor regression when adoptively transferred to select cancer patients. In this study, we have compared the in vitro properties of lymphocytes from peripheral blood (PBLs), from draining lymph nodes (DLNs), and from tumors (TILs) grown simultaneously from 10 patients: 2 with melanoma, 4 with breast cancer, 1 with gastric cancer, 1 with renal cancer, 1 with sarcoma and 1 with lung cancer. PBLs, TILs, and DLNs were cultured in RPMI 1640 + 10% human AB serum, 20% LAK cell culture supernatant, and 1,000 u/ml of recombinant interleukin-2. Half of each culture was restimulated with irradiated autologous tumor every 14 days. In all groups, tumor feeding enhanced lymphocyte proliferation, although TILs and DLNs consistently proliferated longer and more rapidly than PBLs. Eight of 10 early cultures of TILs and DLNs contained greater or equal proportions of CD8+ cells compared with CD4+ cells, but in long-term cultures an inversion of that ratio was seen (CD4+ greater than CD8+). In short-term chromium release assays, specific lysis of autologous tumor was seen in tumor-fed TILs and DLNs from one patient with melanoma, DLNs from one patient with breast cancer, and TILs from one patient with lung cancer. Other cultures had nonspecific lytic activity. Specific cytotoxicity against autologous tumor sometimes became apparent only after prolonged culture and repeated restimulation with autologous tumor. DLNs have in vitro properties similar to TILs and may be a useful immune reagent for cancer therapy.
Estimates of lifetime attributable risk of cancer after a single radiation exposure from 64-slice computed tomographic coronary angiography (2010)

This study provided an estimate of the LAR of cancer in middle-aged patients of both sexes after a single diagnostic CTCA, providing an easy-to-read table.
SPR dispersion compensation for a gold-coated corrugated surface (2006)

The objective of this effort is to improve upon a microarray-based system for label-free, high-throughput proteomic analysis. The system operation is based on a novel grating-coupled surface plasmon resonance imaging (GCSPRI) technology that enables measurement of hundreds to possibly thousands of binding events simultaneously without the limitations of reporter molecules. We expect that this technology will provide a powerful new tool for highly multiplexed analysis of an organism's global protein profile, reflecting metabolic and physiologic activity in relation to time, development and interaction with the environment. It will be applicable to the detection of a broad range of metabolic products, signaling molecules, hormones, enzymes, receptors and other proteins. We present improvements by way of SPR-dispersion compensation with a properly oriented transmission grating placed in the excitation path. This illumination technique is broad-band which reduces the effects of thin-film interference, permitting a 20-fold decrease in sample volume as well as providing more interrogation light.
CORRELATION OF HYPOMAGNESEMIA WITH THE ONSET OF CYCLOSPORINE-ASSOCIATED HYPERTENSION IN MARROW TRANSPLANT PATIENTS (1986)

Cyclosporine is known to cause hypertension, and we have recently reported that it causes hypomagnesemia and renal magnesium wasting in marrow transplant recipients. We performed a case-control study to ask whether hypomagnesemia might be related to this form of drug-induced hypertension. The charts of 188 patients treated with cyclosporine were evaluated for the development of hypertension. The 32 patients who became hypertensive were age, sex, and disease-matched with 32 cyclosporine-treated controls. Baseline serum Mg levels were normal in both groups. However at the time of development of hypertension, the hypertensive patients had a mean (+/- SD) Mg of 1.22 +/- 0.20 mEq/L versus controls 1.40 +/- 0.33 mEq/L (P less than 0.01). Serum calcium, albumin, creatinine, potassium, and cyclosporine concentrations were not different between the two groups. This study may indicate that hypertension and hypomagnesemia are coincident toxicities in cyclosporine-treated patients. Alternatively, our data support the hypothesis that acquired derangements in magnesium metabolism may contribute to the development of hypertension. Magnesium replacement may prove beneficial in the treatment and/or prevention of cyclosporine-associated hypertension.
Glycometallate surfactants. Part 1: non-aqueous synthesis of mesoporous silica (1999)

A novel two step procedure for the synthesis of hexagonal mesoporous silica has been developed. The first non-aqueous step involves the use of ethylene glycol both as solvent and chelating alkoxide. In this step a cetyltrimethylammonium glycosilicate(IV), CTA 2 [Si 2 (OCH 2 CH 2 ) 5 ], building-block is synthesized under non-aqueous conditions by solubilizing SiO 2 with NaOH in ethylene glycol in the presence of CTACl. Alternatively, CTA 2 [Si 2 (OCH 2 CH 2 ) 5 ] can be formed by reacting sodium glycosilicate(IV), Na 2 [Si 2 (OCH 2 CH 2 ) 5 ], with CTACl under non-aqueous conditions in ethylene glycol. The glycosilicate(IV) is a structurally well defined dimeric anion based on trigonal-bipyramidal silicon(IV) containing two bidentate and one bridging monodentate glycolate ligand. In ethylene glycol the glycosilicate(IV) surfactant CTA 2 [Si 2 (OCH 2 CH 2 ) 5 ] self-assembles into a lamellar mesophase containing bilayers of cationic CTA + that are charge-balanced by [Si 2 (OCH 2 CH 2 ) 5 ] 2– counter-anions. In the second step of the preparation, controlled hydrolysis of the lamellar glycosilicate(IV) phase with water leads to a well ordered hexagonal mesoporous silica in which the extent of condensation-polymerization of the silica is insufficient to sustain the integrity of the structure when the CTA + cation is removed from the channels. Structure re-enforcement can however be achieved by various post-treatments of the vacuum dehydrated mesoporous silica that enable the creation of stable silica-based mesoporous materials with a wide range of elemental compositions. In this paper a post-treatment with Si 2 H 6 at 100 °C was employed to produce extensively polymerized hexagonal mesoporous silica that is stable to removal of the surfactant. The method described in this paper is a novel approach to the synthesis of stable and structurally well defined mesoporous silica-based materials with a wide range of elemental compositions.
Stable blue phosphorescent organic light emitting devices (2023)

Novel combination of materials and device architectures for organic light emitting devices is provided. An organic light emitting device, is provided, having an anode, a cathode, and an emissive layer disposed between the anode and the cathode. The emissive layer includes a host and a phosphorescent emissive dopant having a peak emissive wavelength less than 500 nm, and a radiative phosphorescent lifetime less than 1 microsecond. Preferably, the phosphorescent emissive dopant includes a ligand having a carbazole group.
Low-cost structured-light based 3D capture system design (2014)

Most of the 3D capture products currently in the market are high-end and pricey. They are not targeted for consumers, but rather for research, medical, or industrial usage. Very few aim to provide a solution for home and small business applications. Our goal is to fill in this gap by only using low-cost components to build a 3D capture system that can satisfy the needs of this market segment. In this paper, we present a low-cost 3D capture system based on the structured-light method. The system is built around the HP TopShot LaserJet Pro M275. For our capture device, we use the 8.0 Mpixel camera that is part of the M275. We augment this hardware with two 3M MPro 150 VGA (640 &times; 480) pocket projectors. We also describe an analytical approach to predicting the achievable resolution of the reconstructed 3D object based on differentials and small signal theory, and an experimental procedure for validating that the system under test meets the specifications for reconstructed object resolution that are predicted by our analytical model. By comparing our experimental measurements from the camera-projector system with the simulation results based on the model for this system, we conclude that our prototype system has been correctly configured and calibrated. We also conclude that with the analytical models, we have an effective means for specifying system parameters to achieve a given target resolution for the reconstructed object.
Measurements of the intensity noise of a broadly tunable, erbium-doped fiber ring laser, relative to the standard quantum limit (1992)

The intensity noise of an erbium-doped fiber ring laser is measured relative to the standard quantum limit. Over a tuning range of 24 nm, the noise power is within 20 dB of the shot noise floor and varies linearly with laser output power. Oscillations in the noise power spectrum are observed and attributed to beating of the lasing mode with other, strongly damped cavity modes.
Activity of siRNAs with 2-Thio-2′-O-Methyluridine Modification in Mammalian Cells (2009)

In a search to identify chemical modifications to improve the properties of siRNA, we have investigated the effect of the 2 '-O-methyl-2-thiouridine modification on the biological activity of siRNA. Our results indicate that judicious placement of 2 '-O-methyl-2-thiouridine residues could lead to modified siRNA with activity in mammalian cells.
Effervescent Tablet (2016)

This Glossary of Terms Related to Pharmaceutics is needed by practitioners in the field of pharmaceutics as this field fulfills an important and crucial role, different from the roles of other scientific disciplines involved in the drugmaking process. The glossary contains 168 definitions used in pharmaceutics. These are related to various aspects of this discipline, such as: (1) physicochemical characterization of pharmaceutical preparations and the active ingredients they contain; (2) unit operations used in the practice of pharmaceutics; (3) terms related to the various dosage forms; (4) terms related to the various modes and routes of drug delivery; (5) terms used in pharmacokinetics and biopharmaceutics in general; and additional miscellaneous terms. The field of pharmaceutics itself is of a multidisciplinary nature as its practitioners come from a variety of disciplines, such as chemistry or various biological sciences, thus a glossary containing authoritative definitions would be useful for them. The terms used in pharmaceutics are rarely covered by existing glossaries, and in the cases they are, their definitions are often inappropriate for the field of pharmaceutics and require new or modified definitions to better fit the new context.
Class-C BAW Oscillator Achieving a Close-in FOM of 206.5dB at 1kHz with Optimal Tuning for Narrowband Wireless Systems (2022)

This paper presents a low-power, low-phase noise class-C Bulk Acoustic Wave (BAW) oscillator. It achieves a FOM of −206.5 dB at 1 kHz offset, enabling low-power, crystal-less SoC implementation for multiple wireless standards. A reference oscillator module for SoC integration is presented with a corresponding optimal tuning procedure for best phase noise performance. Power efficient class-C operation, reduced device count, and amplitude trimming, allow for 3 dB <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$FOM$</tex> and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$FOM_{Q}$</tex> improvement over state-of-the-art GHz MEMS-based oscillators.