gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Impact of Structure and Morphology on Gas Adsorption of Titanate-Based Nanotubes and Nanoribbons (2005)

We report on the synthesis of titania-based nanotubes and nanoribbons prepared by hydrothermal methods, as well as evaluating their structure and adsorption properties. Nanotubes were found to be hollow scrolls with a typical outer diameter of about 10 nm, inner diameter 4−5 nm and length of several hundred nm. The nanoribbons are highly crystalline, typically 40 nm in cross-section and up to a few μm in length. All these samples were exposed to a NO2 atmosphere in order to test their adsorption properties using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). The nanotubes were found to have high active surface areas of about 250 m2/g. When exposed to NO2 gas, NO2 molecules tend to physisorb on the nanotube surface via the nonbonding py orbital of the oxygen atoms. In contrast nanoribbons have much smaller active surface areas (∼30 m2/g). The dominant EPR signal now comes from NO molecules adsorbed on Na+ ions. These results show that titania-based nanotubes and nanoribbons may represent an attractive option for the removal and catalysis of nitrogen oxides in future.
Design of a flat wireless Internet Service Provider network (2011)

The drawbacks of a hierarchical, tunnel-based architecture for wireless networks have recently become apparent. These include higher than necessary latency, wasted bandwidth, scalability bottlenecks, single points of failure, and increased complexity. The realization that handoff need not be the centerpiece of a network architecture when a large number of users are stationary and/or do not need to be reachable on externally initiated connections at a fixed IP address has led to recent proposals for flatter architectures where traffic is offloaded to a generic (not wireless specific) Internet Service Provider (ISP) at the closest possible opportunity to the wireless link. While these proposals do support mobility for flows ongoing at the time of handoff, tunneling traffic to and from the previous access router may lead to sub-optimal performance, efficiency, and reliability. In this paper, we outline a possible approach to the design of a wireless ISP that handles local mobility in a way that does not suffer from these drawbacks. Our solution is based on existing protocols commonly deployed in wireline ISPs, such as BGP, DHCP, and dynamic DNS update. Unlike existing approaches that use wireless-specific core network nodes such as SGSNs and GGSNs, our solution requires only modified mobile nodes and first-hop access routers, leaving the core network running unmodified, wireline-standard protocols.
Impact Strength Test on a Heat Sealde Portion of Laminatet Film for a Liquid-Filled Bag. (1994)

It is essential to clarify the impact force being applied to plastic film when it is dropped, time of dropping, since in most cases, bursting of packing bag may be caused by drop impact. In particular, while the flexible film used in fluid package is a low-cost material and provides an ideal packing form having maximum functions despite using a small amount of plastics, it has several disadvantages such as high dependencey on temperature/humidity and low impact strength, which are common weak points of plastics, due to its thinner composite structure when laminated with single-layer films. On that basis, the impact force being applied to film when it is dropped was reproduced by tensile impact testing, the relation between bursting and the tensile impact strength of film was examined, and flexible packaging technology as a safe and economical method has been established.
A 2.2GHz PLL using a phase-frequency detector with an auxiliary sub-sampling phase detector for in-band noise suppression (2011)

Tri-state digital phase-frequency detectors (PFDs) are widely used for the large capture and locking range that they enable, but suffer from relatively large in-band phase noise. Sub-sampling phase detectors have recently been demonstrated to offer very low in-band noise but with only a very small capture range. We show how a PFD and a sub-sampling phase detector can be combined to maintain the phase-frequency detection capabilities while simultaneously obtaining in-band noise suppression. A 2.2GHz PLL is demonstrated in a 65nm CMOS process with an on-chip loop filter area of 0.04mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The measured in-band phase noise improves from −110dBc/Hz to −122dBc/Hz when the auxiliary sub-sampling phase detector is active.
Immune response induced by vaccination with non-replicative type I strain of Toxoplasma gondii (CPS-1) induces more tetramer specific CD8 T cells with central memory phenotype. (VAC5P.1117) (2015)

Abstract Role of CD8 T cells in immunoprotection against Toxoplasma gondii infection is well established. However, in an encephalitis model, CD8 immunity is functionally impaired (immune exhaustion), leading to reactivation of latent infection. Studies from our laboratory have reported that functional defect during chronic infection is primarily exhibited by memory subset of CD8 T cells. Thus restoration of dysfunctional CD8 response may be critical for maintaining the chronicity and preventing the reactivation of latent infection. As a first step we evaluated and compared the antigen-specific CD8 T cell response induced by vaccination with the non-replicative type I strain of Toxoplasma gondii (which efficiently controls per-oral infection with type II strain) to the one induced during chronic infection. While type II strain induced a stronger SLEC (short lived effector CD8 cell) response as compared to vaccine strain in all the tissues tested, MPEC (memory precursor effector cell) response with both the strains was similar. However, interestingly the frequency of central memory cells subset (CD127+CD62Lhigh) in the vaccinated mice was significantly higher as compared to those receiving type II infection. These findings suggest that the development of inadequate central memory CD8 response may be an important defect responsible for reactivation of infection in mice susceptible to toxoplasmic encephalitis.
VLSI theory and parallel supercomputing (1989)

Abstract : Since its inception, VLSI theory has expanded in many fruitful and interesting directions. One major branch is layout theory which studies the efficiency with which graphs can be embedded in the plane according to VLSI design rules. In this survey paper, I review some of the major accomplishments of VLSI layout theory and discuss how layout theory engendered the notion of area and volume-universal networks, such as fat-trees. These scalable networks offer a flexible alternative to the more common hypercube-based networks for inter-connecting the processors of large parallel supercomputers. Keywords: Integrated circuits; Interconnection networks; Parallel computing; Super-computing; Universality; Thompson's model; Tree of meshes.
Characterization and functional expression of a rat genomic DNA clone encoding a lymphocyte potassium channel. (1990)

Low stringency hybridization screening of a rat genomic DNA library with a previously described cDNA clone encoding a rat voltage-gated potassium channel has resulted in the characterization of a member of the potassium channel family, RGK5. An uninterrupted nucleotide sequence encodes a protein 525 amino acids in length, revealing that the entire coding region resides on a single exon. RGK5 transcripts are present in both mouse thymus and rat brain, as determined by Northern blot analysis. RNA transcribed in vitro from RGK5 genomic DNA directs the expression of functional potassium currents after injection into Xenopus oocytes. The currents are activated by depolarization, being half-activated at -14 mV, and inactivate almost completely during depolarizations of 1 to 2 s. The properties of the currents strongly resemble those of the type n potassium channel present on both immature thymocytes and Th lymphocytes.
Three-Dimensional Atomic-Scale Cellular Model and Feature Profile Evolution during Si Etching in Chlorine-Based Plasmas: Analysis of Profile Anomalies and Surface Roughness (2011)

Three-dimensional measurement and prediction of atomic-scale surface roughness on etched features become increasingly important for the fabrication of next-generation devices; however, the feature profiles are too small or too complex to measure the surface roughness on bottom surfaces and sidewalls of the etched features. To predict the surface roughness on an atomic or nanometer scale, we developed our own three-dimensional atomic-scale cellular model (ASCeM-3D) and feature profile simulation, with emphasis being placed on the formation of surface roughness on the atomic scale soon after the start of Si etching in Cl 2 plasmas. Numerical results indicated that nanometer-scale convex roughened features appear on the surface soon after the start of etching, which causes the formation of a larger surface roughness, and that the surface roughness tends to be saturated after several seconds. In effect, the nanoscale convex features increase in size with increasing etching or plasma exposure time, and new nanoscale convex ones continue to appear on top of the enlarged convex ones during etching, thus resulting in concavo-convex features superimposed on the roughened surface. A comparison was also made between numerical results and experiments.
The leap from Doppler to ultrafast Doppler. (2012)

A new technological breakthrough is ongoing with the advent of massive parallel computing capabilities. This technology is the enabler to a new concept: ultrafast ultrasound imaging. UltraFast Doppler enables frame rate increases by a factor of 5 to 10 compared to conventional color Doppler, typically from 60 up to 200Hz, without sacrificing field of view or spatial resolution. Complex flow dynamics and transient flow event can be visualized in a much more accurate manner. Potential clinical benefits of this emerging technology include increased measurement accuracy and increased efficiency in patient management. Stenosis grading in carotids or calculation of resistance indexes in renal arteries could tremendously benefit from this technology.
Dynamics of Gαi1 interaction with type 5 adenylate cyclase reveal the molecular basis for high sensitivity of Gi-mediated inhibition of cAMP production (2013)

Many physiological and pathophysiological processes are regulated by cAMP. Different therapies directly or indirectly influence the cellular concentration of this second messenger. A wide variety of receptors either activates or inhibits adenylate cyclases in order to induce proper physiological responses. A key event in this signalling system is the direct and dynamic interaction of Gαi1 subunits with adenylate cyclases. We established a FRET-based assay between G-protein subunits and AC5 (type 5 adenylate cyclase) and monitored receptor-stimulated interactions between Gαi1 and AC5 in single intact cells with high temporal resolution. We observed that FRET between Gαi1 and AC5 developed at much lower concentration of agonist compared with the overall Gi-protein activity resulting in a left-shift of the concentration-response curve by approximately one order of magnitude. Furthermore, Gi1-protein-mediated attenuation of AC5-dependent increases in cAMP occurred at comparable low concentrations of agonist. On analysing the dynamics we found the dissociation of the Gαi1 subunits and AC5 to occur significantly slower than the G-protein deactivation and to be insensitive to RGS4 (regulator of G-protein signalling type 4) expression. This led us to the conclusion that AC5, by binding active Gαi1, interferes with G-protein deactivation and reassembly and thereby might sensitize its own regulation.
Decision Tree Based Duration Prediction in Mandarin (2006)

This paper reports the methodology and results of decision tree based duration prediction for Mandarin text-to-speech system developed by the FUJITSU Laboratories. Syllable initials and finals are the basic units in our duration study. In this paper, the factors that influence the finals such as phrase boundary and phone context are discussed in detail. Experiments show that the prosodic factor of whether the right phrase boundary level is prosodic word or higher level is the most important determinant of duration. Furthermore, the degree of phrase boundary vowel lengthening may vary depending on the different kinds of finals. And this paper also explains the methods for objective evaluation of the performance of the duration prediction model.
Drag Reduction by Spanwise Wall Oscillation in Wall-Bounded Turbulent Flows (2002)

Drag reduction in turbulent channel and pipe e ows by spanwise (circumferential) wall oscillations is studied numerically. The ine uence of the wall oscillation on near-wall streamwise vortices is examined. By the use of the Stokes second problem, a wall-normal distanceparameter and an acceleration parameterare obtained toestimate the drag reduction rate. A simple equation is derived for expressing the drag reduction rate by spanwise wall oscillations. The relation between near-wall streamwise vortices and low- and high-speed e uids is scrutinized to extract the key parameters. The drag reduction mechanism is analyzed in terms of the attenuation of Reynolds shear stress.
High speed welding of Friction-Stir-Welding for mild steel by Gas-Tungsten- Arc-Welding hybrid process (2018)

For the purpose of higher welding speed and lower force in friction-stir-welding (FSW), we investigated the feasibility of preheating using gas-tungsten- arc-welding (GTAW). It can be expected to assist heat input for the plastic flow by using GTAW with high energy density. Defect-free bonding by a GTAW-FSW hybrid process was successfully achieved at a welding speed less than 8.3mm/s, while normal FSW left a defect at welding speed of 5.0mm/s. The axial forces during friction stirring in the GTAW-FSW process were lower than 40% of that in the normal FSW. The joints of GTAW-FSW had stir zones with fine grains similar to the FSW joints. This process could obtain higher productivity, that is, higher welding speed and lower force than the conventional FSW. It is also possible to obtain a high strengthen and unique structure with fine grains of FSW.
Experimental Determination of the Tension-softening Curve in Cementitious Composites (1987)

Peer Reviewed
Surface‐activated photopolymer microgels (1994)

Enhancement of the sensitivity of photopolymers is needed if photopolymers are to find more extensive applications in the printing and microlithography industries. A new concept is presented for sensitivity enhancement: the use of surface‐activated microgels as a heterogeneous polymer matrix. The preparation of the microgels and their effect on the polymerization rate and the sensitivity are described. Examples are given of applications of microgel‐based photopolymers as offset printing plates and photographic film.
Activation of Proteinase 3 Contributes to Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Insulin Resistance (2016)

Activation of inflammatory pathways is known to accompany development of obesity-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. In addition to caspase-1, the neutrophil serine proteases proteinase 3, neutrophil elastase and cathepsin G are able to process the inactive pro-inflammatory mediators IL-1β and IL-18 to their bioactive forms, thereby regulating inflammatory responses. In the present study, we investigated whether proteinase 3 is involved in obesity-induced development of insulin resistance and NAFLD. We investigated the development of NAFLD and insulin resistance in mice deficient for neutrophil elastase/proteinase 3 and neutrophil elastase/cathepsin G and in wild-type mice treated with the neutrophil serine proteinase inhibitor human alpha-1 antitrypsin. Expression profiling of metabolically relevant tissues obtained from insulin resistant mice showed that expression of proteinase 3 was specifically upregulated in the liver, whereas neutrophil elastase, cathepsin G and caspase-1 were not. Neutrophil elastase/proteinase 3 deficient mice showed strongly reduced levels of lipids in the liver after fed a high fat diet. Moreover, these mice were resistant to high fat diet-induced weight gain, inflammation and insulin resistance. Injection of proteinase 3 exacerbated insulin resistance in caspase-1(-/-) mice, indicating that proteinase 3 acts independently of caspase-1. Treatment with alpha-1 antitrypsin during the last 10 days of a 16 week high fat diet reduced hepatic lipid content and decreased fasting glucose levels. We conclude that proteinase 3 is involved in NAFLD and insulin resistance and that inhibition of proteinase 3 may have therapeutic potential.
Enhancement of triplet yields in cyanine-like molecules (2009)

A series of oxo- and thio-squaraine dyes were investigated by femto/pico/nanosecond pump-probe techniques. Thio-squaraines show increased triplet quantum yields which are explained by quantum chemical calculations.
Molecular relapse in adult standard-risk ALL patients detected by prospective MRD monitoring during and after maintenance treatment: data from the GMALL 06/99 and 07/03 trials (2006)

Although levels of minimal residual disease (MRD) decrease below the detection limit in most adult patients with standard-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) after consolidation treatment, about 30% of these patients will ultimately relapse. To evaluate the power of MRD monitoring as an indicator of impending relapse, we prospectively analyzed postconsolidation samples of 105 patients enrolled in the German Multicenter ALL (GMALL) trial by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of clonal immune gene rearrangements. All patients were in hematologic remission, had completed first-year polychemotherapy, and tested MRD negative prior to study entry. Twenty-eight of 105 patients (27%) converted to MRD positivity thereafter, and 17 of 28 (61%) relapsed so far. Median time from molecular (MRD-positive) to clinical relapse was 9.5 months. In 15 of these patients, MRD within the quantitative range of PCR was measured in hematologic remission, and 13 of these patients (89%) relapsed after a median interval of 4.1 months. Of the 77 continuously MRD-negative patients, only 5 (6%) have relapsed. We conclude that conversion to MRD positivity during the early postconsolidation phase in adult standard-risk ALL patients is highly predictive of subsequent hematologic relapse. As a result of the study, as of spring 2006, salvage treatment in the ongoing GMALL trial is intended to be started at the time of recurrence of quantifiable MRD.
A quantitative evaluation of refractoriness within a reentrant circuit during ventricular tachycardia. Relation to termination. (1990)

Programmed ventricular stimuli introduced during sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia frequently reset the tachycardia, resulting in a less than fully compensatory pause. A resetting response curve is generated when the set of return cycles is evaluated as the function of the coupling intervals of the extrastimuli delivered during the ventricular tachycardia. If the stimulated wave front encounters tissue within the tachycardia circuit that is not fully recovered, interval-dependent conduction changes should occur producing an increasing resetting response pattern. We quantified the magnitude of this interval-dependent conduction slowing in 17 morphologically distinct ventricular tachycardias. The slope of the increasing limb of the resetting response curve was determined by linear regression analysis and ranged from -0.30 to -1.14 (mean +/- SD, 0.70 +/- 0.25). Seven of the 17 ventricular tachycardias (41%) terminated during introduction of ventricular extrastimuli. The slope of the resetting response pattern in those ventricular tachycardias that terminated were significantly steeper than in those that did not terminate (-0.85 +/- 0.15 versus -0.61 +/- 0.21, respectively, p = 0.025). Six of the seven ventricular tachycardias terminated with programmed ventricular stimuli had a slope steeper than -0.75, whereas only one of 10 ventricular tachycardias that did not terminate exceeded this value. In conclusion, the slope of the increasing portion of the resetting response curve correlates with ability to terminate uniform sustained ventricular tachycardia by timed extrastimuli. This slope is the quantification of the magnitude of interval-dependent conduction slowing. Additionally, tissue within the reentrant circuit displaying greater degrees of interval-dependent conduction slowing may also have relatively longer effective refractory periods.
New protection techniques and test chip design for achieving high CDM robustness (2008)

CDM protection techniques for two important circuits are developed. In the first protection dummy logic circuits are added for separated small power domains. The dummy logic circuit can assist parallel-connected ESD protection devices to discharge CDM current at the initial discharge phase of the CDM event. The second protection technique for input gate protection is to use the stack-structured input circuits by employing dual diode ESD protection method. Also, a new CDM TEG chip design that can be directly evaluated by CDM zapping test is presented.