gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Impact of back surface patterning process on FF in IBC-SHJ (2012)

Based on potential high efficiency, low thermal budget and compatibility with very thin Si wafers, many research groups and industries are considering interdigitated all back contact silicon heterojunction (IBC-SHJ) solar cell technology. Compared to front junction silicon heterojunction (FJ-SHJ) solar cells, IBC-SHJ cells also have the unique advantages for simpler module integration. However, the IBC-SHJ solar cells to date suffer with low fill factors. Both simulation and experimental results have been conducted to understand the cause of the low FF. In this paper, the effects of processing conditions are discussed by comparing FJ-SHJ and IBC-SHJ solar cells. The fabrication of IBC-SHJ cells requires several photolithography steps to form the interdigitated back structure, whereas the FJ-SHJ requires no photolithography steps. The effect of processing temperatures, deposition sequence and photolithography processing are evaluated by using the FJ-SHJ as a test bed and base-line standard. Contamination and/or introduction of defects at intrinsic/doped layer interfaces resulting from photolithography steps is identified as one of the major contributors to reduced performance of IBC-SHJ devices fabricated using a low temperature process.
Selection of Single-Domain Antibodies towards Western Equine Encephalitis Virus (2018)

In this work, we describe the selection and characterization of single-domain antibodies (sdAb) towards the E2/E3E2 envelope protein of the Western equine encephalitis virus (WEEV). Our purpose was to identify novel recognition elements which could be used for the detection, diagnosis, and perhaps treatment of western equine encephalitis (WEE). To achieve this goal, we prepared an immune phage display library derived from the peripheral blood lymphocytes of a llama that had been immunized with an equine vaccine that includes killed WEEV (West Nile Innovator + VEWT). This library was panned against recombinant envelope (E2/E3E2) protein from WEEV, and seven representative sdAb from the five identified sequence families were characterized. The specificity, affinity, and melting point of each sdAb was determined, and their ability to detect the recombinant protein in a MagPlex sandwich immunoassay was confirmed. Thus, these new binders represent novel recognition elements for the E2/E3E2 proteins of WEEV that are available to the research community for further investigation into their applicability for use in the diagnosis or treatment of WEE.
Evaluation of photochemical tissue bonding for closure of skin incisions and excisions (2005)

PTB is as effective as standard sutures for wound closure in porcine skin in terms of cosmetic outcomes and safety.
Thyroxine and insulin-like growth factor-I in milk and plasma of camels (Camelus dromedarius) (2004)

To study the pattern of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and thyroxine (T4) levels in four lactating camels and their newborns, by radioimmunoassay. Milk and blood samples were taken at parturition, and on the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 7th, 14th, and 21st day after parturition. Milk IGF-1 levels were high at parturition and decreased with stages of factation, whereas T4 levels were low at delivery and progressively increased after. T4 levels in calves, were 4-5 times higher than those of their dams at birth, then declined thereafter but remained almost twice those in dams on day 21. In newborn calves, IGF-1 levels were significantly lower at birth compared to those of dams, and gradually increased with age until reached the same values of those in dams on day 21. These profiles were similar to those reported in domestic ruminants, and might be considered as preliminary data for dynamic studies of bone metabolism in camels.
Minimum Energy Design for Manufacturability of Air Cooled Heat Sinks (2009)

The substantial material stream, and energy consumption, associated with the cooling of desktop computers, servers, routers, and power electronic modules contribute significantly to the depletion of key resources. To reduce this severe environmental impact, while meeting the thermal management requirements of these components and systems, it is essential that a minimum energy, design-for-manufacturability approach be followed in the design and commercialization of such air-cooled heat sinks. In this paper, a design-for-manufacturability methodology (DFM) is combined with a least-energy optimization methodology, using the total Coefficient of Performance (COPT), to identify practical low energy designs and existing gaps in manufacturing capability that prevent the attainment of the ideal minimum energy solutions. The COPT methodology relates the heat sink cooling capability to the invested fan pumping work and the thermodynamic work required to manufacture and assemble the heat sink and seeks to maximize the thermal energy that can be extracted from a specified space, while minimizing the material and energy consumed in the fabrication and operation of the specified heat sink. This combined methodology was applied to aluminum, copper, and magnesium as potential heat sink materials for a fixed input work of 20 kWh, and for three different duty cycles, namely, sporadic (1500 h), periodic (6000 h), and continuous (26208 h), respectively. The results presented herein, are derived for heat sinks on a 10 cm by 10 cm isothermal base, and 5 cm fin height, operating at an excess temperature of 25 K relative to the inlet air. The thermo-fluid analysis of the forced convection rectangular plate-fin array has been carried out using a well-validated semi-analytical model. The energy-optimal aluminum, copper and magnesium designs are compared to draw quantitative and qualitative conclusions.
Adsorption Kinetics of Ionic Surfactants after a Large Initial Perturbation. Effect of Surface Elasticity (2000)

This theoretical study is devoted to the relaxation of surface tension of an ionic surfactant solution for submicellar concentrations. The effects of added nonamphiphilic electrolyte and counterion binding are taken into account. We consider a large initial deviation from equilibrium, which is defined as the formation of a new interface: there is no adsorbed surfactant and electric double layer at the initial moment. Next, the surfactant solution and its interface are allowed to relax without any subsequent perturbation. The electrodiffusion equations, which describe the adsorption kinetics, are nonlinear, and it is impossible to find a general analytical solution, especially in the case of large initial deviations. Nevertheless, the problem can be linearized in the asymptotic case of long times. The derived theoretical expressions show that the relaxation times in the cases of large and small initial perturbations are numerically close to each other. For that reason the relaxation time can be considered as a general kinetic property of the adsorption monolayer. The theory predicts also the slope of the experimental plot of dynamic surface tension vs inverse square root of time; this makes the theory useful for interpretation of experimental data. The theoretical expressions involve the surface (Gibbs) elasticity, whose definition for adsorption monolayers of soluble ionic surfactants is discussed in detail. The Gibbs elasticity of such monolayers is found to increase strongly with the rise of salt concentration. The derived asymptotic expressions are verified against an exact computer solution of the electrodiffusion problem, and excellent agreement is found.
VoIP over Multiple IEEE 802.11 Wireless LANs (2007)

Prior work indicates that 802.11 is extremely inefficient for VoIP transport. Only 12 and 60 VoIP sessions can be supported in an 802.11b and an 802.11g WLAN, respectively. This paper shows that the bad news does not stop there. When there are multiple WLANs in the vicinity of each other, the already-low VoIP capacity can be further eroded in a significant manner. For example, in a 5-by-5, 25-cell multi-WLAN network, the VoIP capacities for 802.11b and 802.11g are only 1.63 and 10.34 sessions per AP, respectively. This paper investigates several solutions to improve the VoIP capacity. Based on a conflict graph model, we propose a clique-analytical call-admission scheme, which increases the VoIP capacity by 52% and 37% in 802.11b and 802.11g respectively. If all the three orthogonal frequency channels available in 11b and 11g are used, the capacity can be nearly tripled by the call-admission scheme. This paper also proposes for the first time the use of coarse-grained time-division multiple access (CoTDMA) in conjunction with the basic 802.11 CSMA to eliminate the performance-degrading exposed-node and hidden-node problems. We find that CoTDMA can further increase the VoIP capacity in the multi-WLAN scenario by an additional 35%.
A pilot trial of memantine and riluzole in ALS: Correlation to CSF biomarkers (2010)

The objective of this trial was to determine the safety and tolerability of memantine in patients with sporadic ALS and to examine changes in CSF biomarkers during drug therapy. Twenty patients on stable doses of riluzole were enrolled. Patients received memantine, 10 mg b.i.d., for 18 months. Lumbar punctures were performed at baseline, six and twelve months. The ALSFRS was measured at six weeks, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 18 months. Results showed that patients treated with memantine and riluzole had an average rate of decline on the ALSFRS of -0.73 points per month. Patients who progressed faster than -0.5 ALSFRS points per month had an average baseline CSF tau concentration of 574 pg/ml, while those who progressed slower than -0.5 ALSFRS points per month had CSF tau levels that averaged 298 pg/ml (p = 0.006). After therapy with memantine, patients had a 27% decline in CSF tau levels (p = 0.04) and four patients whose CSF tau dropped to healthy control levels lost only -0.42 ALSFRS points per month. In conclusion, memantine was well tolerated in patients with ALS. Patients receiving memantine and riluzole lost on average -0.73 ALSFRS points per month. Furthermore, levels of CSF tau at baseline could be correlated with how rapidly a patient's disease progressed.
Epitope mapping on fragments of beet necrotic yellow vein virus coat protein (1992)

The location of five SDS-stable epitopes on the coat protein (CP) of beet necrotic yellow vein virus was determined by reacting Escherichia coli-expressed free CP, as well as fusion proteins (FP) containing fragments of the CP, with polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies on Western blots. Epitope 1, which has previously been found to be exposed on only one extremity of the virus particle, was located in the region between amino acids (aa) 1 and 7, i.e. on the N terminus of the CP. It was blocked when the N terminus of the CP was linked to a portion of the beta-galactosidase sequence in an FP. Epitope 3, which has previously been found to be exposed on the opposite extremity of the particle, was located in the region between aa 37 and 59. Epitope 4, which is exposed along the entire length of the particle, occurs on the C terminus of CP (aa 183 to 188). Two previously unknown epitopes were identified in the regions between aa 115 and 125 and 125 and 140, respectively. The former was located on the same extremity of the particle as epitope 3, the latter became accessible only after denaturation of the particle. Nothing is known about the probably non-adjacent aa sequences that participate in the formation of the two SDS-labile epitopes (epitopes 2 and 5) which are found on one extremity and along the entire length of the particle, respectively.
Effect of peritoneal fluid and serum from patients with endometriosis on mouse embryo in vitro development (1995)

These data suggest that the production of embryotoxic factor(s) is related to the clinical stage, and may be derived from endometriotic implants. The correlation of the embryotoxic effect of the peritoneal fluid with that of the serum indicates that embryotoxic factor(s) may enter the systemic circulation and impede early embryogenesis in the reproductive tract. The nature and mechanism of this result demand further study.
Self-Adaptive Penalty Cost for Optimal Design of Water Distribution Systems (2004)

Optimal design and rehabilitation of a water distribution system is a constrained non-linear optimization problem. A penalty function is often employed to transform a constrained optimization problem into a non-constrained optimization problem in the framework of genetic algorithm search. A penalty factor is often used for defining the penalty function and calculating penalty cost for the solutions with constraint violations. Effective penalty factors vary from one optimization model to another. In this paper, a self-adaptive penalty approach is introduced to simultaneously optimize both the penalty factor and the design. It relieves modelers from tuning the penalty factor/cost and facilitating practical optimization modeling for water distribution design.
Characterization and Testing of LAS: A Prototype `Large Area Sensor' With Performance Characteristics Suitable for Medical Imaging Applications (2009)

The Large Area Sensor (LAS) is a 1350 times1350 array of active pixels on a 40 Im pitch fabricated in a 0.35 im CMOS process. Stitching technology is employed to achieve an area of 5.4 cm times5.4 cm. The sensor includes 'regions of reset', whereby three different integration times can be set on the array to achieve a large imaging range for static scenes. Characterization of the noise performance included temporal and fixed pattern sources. LAS was found to have a read noise of 62 e <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-</sup> , a full well capacity of 61 times10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> e <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-</sup> and a conversion gain of 5 e <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-</sup> per digital number (DN). The fixed pattern noise (FPN) was evaluated at half saturation; within a single stitched section of the array, column-to-column FPN was found to be 0.6%, while the pixel-to-pixel FPN was 3%. Both FPN sources were found to be gain related and could be corrected via flat fielding. Based on the results of characterization, LAS was coupled to a structured CsI:Tl scintillator and included in an X-ray diffraction system developed for the analysis of breast biopsy samples. Data acquired with plastic test objects agrees with that acquired by a previous prototype sensor. It is demonstrated that an imaging output range of 140 dB can be achieved using integration times of 0.1 ms to record the transmitted X-ray beam and 2.3 s to record the lower intensity scattered radiation.
Wavelength Optimisation in Femtosecond Laser Keratoplasty (2009)

International audience
Dose rate and temperature dependence of the critical dose for amorphization of CuTi-irradiated by 1 MeV electrons (1989)

The dose rate and temperature dependence of critical dose for amorphization of CuTi under electron irradiation was investigated in a temperature range from 10 to 260K and in a dose rate range from 1.0 × 10 −4 to 1.5 × 10 −3 dpa/sec, using the Argonne HVEM and a helium coding specimen stage. An alloy button of Cu-54at%Ti was prepared by arc-melting and subsequently annealed at 1173K for two days. HVEM samples were spark-cut and thinned by jet polishing. The irradiation was carried out in HVEM with a fully focused beam. The Gaussian flux distribution of the beam was utilized to study the dose rate dependence of amorphization. Fig. 1 shows a few example photographs taken during a sequence of irradiation. The irradiation was always carried out on a low index bend contour. An interruption in the bend contour appears at the beam center where the dose rate is highest, as the irradiation proceeds. With further irradiation, the interruption grows outward into regions of lower dose rate. The critical dose for amorphization was calculated from each micrograph by multiplying the irradiation time with the predetermined dose rate. The length of the interruption in the bend contour was taken as the diameter of a completely amorphized volume at the accumulated dose. About ten micrographs were usually taken during a sequence of irradiation.
An Algorithm for Evaluating Human Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Responses to Candidate AIDS Vaccines (1999)

Development of an effective vaccine against HIV-1 will likely require the induction of a broad array of immune responses, including virus-specific CTLs and neutralizing antibodies. One promising vaccine approach involves live recombinant canarypox (CP)-based vectors (ALVAC) containing multiple HIV-1 genes. In phase I clinical trials in HIV-1-seronegative volunteers, the cumulative rate of detection of HIV-1-specific CTLs has been as high as 60-70%. In the present study, the factors associated with CTL responsiveness were evaluated in a subset of vaccinees immunized with a CP vector expressing portions of the gag, pro, and env genes of HIV-1 (ALVAC-HIV). CTL responses were detected in one of seven examined. While the responding individual had both CD4+ and CD8+ CTLs directed at multiple HIV-1 antigens, this response was not detectable 1 year after the last vaccination. In-depth characterization of "CTL nonresponders" showed that nonresponsiveness was not associated with defects in antigen processing or presentation. A generalized defect in CTL responsiveness was ruled out by parallel assays to detect CMV-specific CTLs from these same volunteers. Furthermore, HIV-1-specific memory CTLs were not detectable by peptide stimulation or by a novel technique for flow cytometric visualization of Gag epitope-specific T lymphocytes while HIV-1-seropositive donors frequently had 0.1-3% of CD8+ cells stain positively for this epitope (SLYNTVATL). Taken together, these results suggest that the lack of detectable HIV-1 CTLs in these volunteers was not due to classic MHC-linked nonresponsiveness.
Advances in III&#x2013;V heterogeneous integration on silicon (2012)

As the component count rises in photonic systems, photonic integration becomes increasingly attractive from a cost, power consumption, and footprint perspective due to the ability to reduce the on-chip to off-chip interfaces and simplify packaging. Although photonic integration has been investigated in many forms over the last decade, the incompatibility of passive and active devices in standard integration platforms has limited their use in both military and commercial systems. In this talk, we review the advances in a heterogeneous silicon integration platform that provides state of the art active and passive devices integrated on silicon substrates for advanced systems-on-chip.
Supplemental Figures S6 from The BET Bromodomain Inhibitor OTX015 Affects Pathogenetic Pathways in Preclinical B-cell Tumor Models and Synergizes with Targeted Drugs (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figures S6. Supplemental Figures S6: OTX015 effects on the production of IL-4 and IL-10 in DLBCL cell lines.&lt;/p&gt;
Metasurface Cloaks for Reduction of Mutual Coupling in Slot Antennas at C-Band Frequencies (2022)

With the intention of reducing the detrimental effect of mutual coupling between two slot antennas placed in very close proximity, designed to operate at C-band frequencies, we make use of the specifically designed metasurface cloaks, which employs the concept of mantle cloaking. In this paper, it is demonstrated that by encasing each edge of the individual slot antenna with the elliptical metasurface cloaks, we are able to achieve a significant reduction in the mutual coupling. This decoupling effect is evident in the plots for S-parameters of the slot antennas. Along with this, restoration of the far-field radiation patterns is also observed. Thus, these explicitly tailored cloaks enable each slot antenna to radiate independently, as if the antennas were functioning in an isolated environment.
Iterative Tap Pursuit for Channel Shortening Equalizer Design (2018)

In this work, an iterative tap pursuit algorithm for designing channel shortening equalizers is proposed. Similar to pursuit algorithms, a residual vector is initialized with a desired target impulse response, which is iteratively approximated by one-tap sub-filters. In each iteration, the algorithm selects the location and weight of a one-tap sub-filter. This is proceeded by updating the residual vector by subtracting its already-represented portions by selected sub-filters. The advantage of this algorithm lies in its simplicity in alleviating the need for performing an exhaustive search thus reducing the computational complexity. Convergence of the proposed algorithm is guaranteed by the fact that the energy of the residual decreases with iteration. We show that the proposed algorithm has a significantly reduced computational complexity. Experiments conducted on Rayleigh fading wireless channels validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in designing channel shortening filters in terms of the shortening signal-to-noise ratio measure and complexity.
Technical optimization of breast imaging on a combined PET/MR system (2012)

369 Objectives Breast imaging can benefit from PET/MRI. However, this attractive benefit comes with a price of technical challenges, particularly when the patient is prone positioned on a breast coil. Firstly the posterior of the patient may be truncated in MR and/or PET while centering the breasts in FOV. Secondly the existing scatter correction in PET may fail due to the low uptake and special geometry of breasts. This paper presents optimization techniques for the PET image quality in breast imaging on a combined PET/MR system. Methods Over 30 patients have been scanned on the Philips Ingenuity TF PET/MR system installed at University Hospitals of Geneva. The patients were prone positioned on a breast coil. The procedure started with an MR scan for the PET attenuation correction, followed by a PET and a diagnostic MR scan. In the PET image reconstruction a 3-segment MR-based attenuation correction approach was combined with the truncation compensation using emission data. The existing single-scatter simulation algorithm was optimized for the scatter correction. Results The PET Images after optimizations showed significant improvement in terms of overall uniformity and lesion contrast. The truncation artifact posterior to the patient disappeared after applying the compensation technique. The void region near the breast bases showed proper intensity distribution with the optimized scatter correction. When the PET image was fused with the MR image, one can clearly see the benefit of the combined PET/MR system in oncologic as well as other breast applications. Conclusions The PET image quality has been optimized for prone breast imaging on the PET/MR system. The derived PET images, particularly when fused with diagnostic MR images of superb soft tissue contrast, yielded excellent diagnostic value. Note that the same methodology can also be applied to the prone breast imaging on PET/CT systems as well