gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthese und Kristallstruktur von δ-GeS2, dem ersten Germaniumsulfid mit ausgedehnter Gerüststruktur (1998)

Durch Polykondensation bei bemerkenswert niedriger Temperatur (50 °C) werden molekulare, adamantanartige [Ge4S10]4−-Vorstufen in das kristalline, binäre Dichalkogenid δ-GeS2 überführt. Dessen Kristallstruktur enthält zwei einander durchdringende cristobalitartige Gerüste, die aus adamantanartigen [Ge4S6S4/2]-Baueinheiten zusammengesetzt sind. Ringe aus 24 Atomen bilden die größten Poren jedes Gerüsts (siehe rechts).
Serotonin 5-HT1C Receptors: What Do They Do? (1989)

Few, if any, receptor systems have moved from initial discovery to detailed molecular characterization as quickly as the serotonin 5-HT1C receptor. This rapid progress was triggered by the timely coincidence of a series of discoveries and developments, some taken from quite different fields of science, culminating in the recent molecular cloning of this receptor. These findings will be recounted in roughly historical order in this short review, with an emphasis on functional responses of the 5-HT1C receptor.
Vapor-Diffusion-Controlled Sol−Gel Synthesis of Flaky Lithium Vanadium Oxide and Its Electrochemical Behavior (2010)

Effectively modifying an existing synthesis method for materials can prove as useful as developing a new one. In this work, we revisited a conventional sol−gel synthesis of lithium vanadium oxide, a promising electrode material for rechargeable lithium batteries. Employing a kinetically controlled, vapor diffusion strategy (in which ammonia vapor was slowly diffused into the solution), we modified the conventional method to obtain a thin, flaky, lithium vanadium oxide with an average thickness of ∼120 nm. In comparison, material prepared by the conventional sol−gel route (in which aqueous ammonia was dropwise added to the solution) exhibited an agglomeration of irregular particles with a typical size of ∼10 μm. When evaluated as cathode material for rechargeable lithium batteries, this flaky material displayed a stable, reversible capacity of ∼250 and ∼115 mAh/g at discharge rates of 0.1 C and 2 C, respectively, considerably better than the agglomerated sample. The reasons for this improved performance were investigated by evaluating the electrochemical reaction kinetics, morphological and structural stability using cyclic voltammetry, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction.
Clinicopathologic, genomic, and tumor microenvironment correlates of aneuploidy and immunotherapy outcomes in NSCLC. (2021)

9119 Background: Cancer aneuploidy, an unbalanced number of chromosomes, is associated with somatic mutation rate, expression of proliferative genes, and altered immune signaling. Whether aneuploidy correlates to a distinct immunophenotype or impacts clinical outcomes to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in NSCLC is unclear. Methods: In NSCLCs which underwent targeted next-generation sequencing, we retrospectively analyzed the aneuploidy score (AS), defined as the sum of the number of altered chromosome arms. An unbiased recursive partitioning (URP) algorithm was used to investigate an AS cutoff to discriminate responders from non-responders to ICIs. Multiplexed immunofluorescence to quantify CD8+, Foxp3+, PD-1+, and PD-L1 expression was performed to determine differences in tumor immune cells subsets according to AS cutoff. Results: Among 436 NSCLCs identified, stage I tumors (median AS 1) had significantly lower median AS (mAS) than stage IV cancers (mAS 7, P &lt; 0.001), stage III (mAS 4, P = 0.03), and numerically lower compared to stage II cancers (mAS 3, P = 0.18). We found no difference in the mAS across tumors with a PD-L1 tumor proportion score of ≥50%, 1-49%, or &lt; 1% (mAS 5 vs 7 vs 6, respectively, P = 0.26), nor was there any correlation between aneuploidy and TMB when taken as continuous variables (Spearman R: 0.074, P = 0.12). A total of 279 advanced NSCLCs with available aneuploidy scores were treated with ICIs. An URP analysis identified an AS of 2 as the strongest discriminator of objective response to ICI. Compared to pts with an AS &gt; 2 (N = 207, 74.2%), pts with AS ≤2 (N = 72, 25.8%) had a significantly higher objective response rate (ORR 43.0% vs 19.8%, P &lt; 0.001), a significantly longer median progression-free survival (mPFS 6.2 vs 2.9 months, HR: 0.70 [95% CI: 0.52-0.94], P = 0.02), and a significantly longer median overall survival (mOS 19.8 vs 13.8 months, HR: 0.66 [95% CI: 0.47-0.94], P = 0.02) to treatment with ICIs. After adjusting for other variables such as performance status, presence of oncogenic driver mutation, PD-L1, TMB, and line of treatment, AS was significantly associated with improved mPFS (HR: 0.72 [95% CI: 0.52-0.99], P = 0.04) and mOS (HR: 0.64 [95% CI: 0.44-0.94], P = 0.02). By contrast, among pts who received first-line platinum doublet chemotherapy without ICI, an AS ≤2 (N = 29), when compared to an AS &gt; 2 (N = 56), did not correlate with improved ORR (55.2% vs 44.6%, P = 0.4) or PFS (5.3 vs 4.8 months, HR 0.83 [95% CI: 0.5-1.3], P = 0.43). Among 179 NSCLCs profiled by multiplex immunofluorescence, compared to cancers with an AS &gt; 2, those with low aneuploidy had significantly higher numbers of CD8+, Foxp3+, PD-1+ immune cells, and PD-1+ CD8+ T cell, both intratumorally and when looking at the total numbers of cells within the tumor and at the tumor-stroma interface. Conclusions: NSCLCs with low aneuploidy have a distinct immune microenvironment and more favorable outcomes to ICIs.
Dopamine D3 Receptor Ligand Suppresses the Expression of Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia in Nonhuman Primate Model of Parkinson’s Disease (2021)

ABSTRACT Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a complex multisystem, chronic and so far incurable disease with significant unmet medical needs. The incidence of PD increases with aging and the expected burden will continue to escalate with our aging population. Since its discovery in the 1961 levodopa remains the gold standard pharmacotherapy for PD. However, the progressive nature of the neurodegenerative process in and beyond the nigrostriatal system causes a multitude of side effects, including levodopa-induced dyskinesia within 5 years of therapy. Attenuating dyskinesia has been a significant challenge in the clinical management of PD. We report on a small molecule that eliminates the expression of levodopa-induced dyskinesia and significantly improves PD-like symptoms. The lead compound PD13R we discovered is a dopamine D3 receptor partial agonist with high affinity and selectivity, orally active and with desirable drug-like properties. Future studies are aimed at developing this lead compound for treating PD patients with dyskinesia.
Unified explanation of chemical ordering, the Slater-Pauling rule, and half-metallicity in full Heusler compounds (2017)

In the present work we developed an orbital coupling model for cubic full Heusler compounds that provides a unified set of rules that account for the chemical ordering, magnetic moment, and composition of the most promising candidates for half-metallicity. The origin and limitations of the rules are clearly described. To the best of our knowledge all of the several dozen half-metallic Heusler compounds known in the literature that follow the ${M}_{t}={N}_{t}\ensuremath{-}24$ or ${M}_{t}={N}_{t}\ensuremath{-}28$ generalized Slater-Pauling behavior satisfy the derived half-metallicity rule. Calculations performed by using density functional theory---performed for 259 compounds---confirm the validity of our model and derived rules for broad classes of Heusler compounds.
Design and characterization of bubble phononic crystals (2009)

We report the practical realization of phononic crystals with gas inclusions, using soft lithography techniques. Ultrasonic experiments from 0.3 to 5 MHz confirm the existence of deep and wide minima of transmission through the crystal. We show that the first gap is due to the combined effects of Bragg reflections and bubble resonances. We propose a simple layered model that gives a reasonable prediction of the ultrasonic transmission.
Comparison of Informant Reports and Neuropsychological Assessment in Mild Cognitive Impairment (2011)

The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the accuracy of informant reports on cognitive status in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) by comparing the subjective evaluation made by patients' relatives with the objective results of neuropsychological assessment. We enrolled 119 MCI outpatients and their relatives. Cognitive impairment was assessed by a battery of standardized neuropsychological tests. Informant reports on cognitive functioning were obtained by means of a structured interview. Subjective and objective evaluations of cognitive status were rated according to the same scoring system in order to enable comparison. All but one relative reported cognitive dysfunctions at the interview, but the kind of cognitive profile emerging from their reports was quite different from the one highlighted by neuropsychological assessment. A subjective evaluation of cognitive status based on informant reports could therefore be useful to identify patients with MCI but is unable to define MCI subtypes.
Challenges and opportunities in CNS delivery of therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases (2009)

With an increase in lifespan and changing population demographics, the incidence of central nervous system (CNS) diseases is expected to increase significantly in the 21st century. The most challenging of the CNS diseases are neurodegenerative diseases, characterized by age-related gradual decline in neurological function, often accompanied by neuronal death. Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease are some examples of neurodegenerative diseases and have been well described in terms of disease mechanisms and pathology. However, successful treatment strategies for neurodegenerative diseases have so far been limited. Delivery of drugs into the CNS is one of the most challenging problems faced in the treatment of neurodegeneration. In this review, we describe the difficulties with CNS therapy, especially with the use of biological macromolecules, such as proteins and nucleic acid constructs. CNS therapeutics also represents a huge opportunity and examples of strategies that can enhance therapeutic delivery for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases are emphasized. It is anticipated that with an increase in biological understanding of neurodegenerative diseases, there will be even more therapeutic opportunities. As such, these delivery strategies have a very important role to play in the future in the translation of CNS therapeutics from bench to bedside.
Coded Cooperation Diversity in Wireless Relay Network (2007)

This paper studies the application of coded cooperation in wireless relay network. In wireless relay network only one user transmit data and the cooperative users assist the active user to get the spatial diversity. Exploit the idle time of active user we get the time diversity along with the spatial diversity. We investigate the rate compatible puncture convolutional (RCPC) code based coded cooperation in a wireless relay network where two relay cooperating with one active user. The effect of various channel conditions on the cooperation is also examined.
Structural characterization of many-particle systems on approach to hyperuniform states (2021)

The study of hyperuniform states of matter is an emerging multidisciplinary field, impinging on topics in the physical sciences, mathematics, and biology. The focus of this work is the exploration of quantitative descriptors that herald when a many-particle system in d-dimensional Euclidean space R^{d} approaches a hyperuniform state as a function of the relevant control parameter. We establish quantitative criteria to ascertain the extent of hyperuniform and nonhyperuniform distance-scaling regimes as well as the crossover point between them in terms of the "volume" coefficient A and "surface-area" coefficient B associated with the local number variance σ^{2}(R) for a spherical window of radius R. The larger the ratio B/A, the larger the hyperuniform scaling regime, which becomes of infinite extent in the limit B/A→∞. To complement the known direct-space representation of the coefficient B in terms of the total correlation function h(r), we derive its corresponding Fourier representation in terms of the structure factor S(k), which is especially useful when scattering information is available experimentally or theoretically. We also demonstrate that the free-volume theory of the pressure of equilibrium packings of identical hard spheres that approach a strictly jammed state either along the stable crystal or metastable disordered branch dictates that such end states be exactly hyperuniform. Using the ratio B/A, as well as other diagnostic measures of hyperuniformity, including the hyperuniformity index H and the direct-correlation function length scale ξ_{c}, we study three different exactly solvable models as a function of the relevant control parameter, either density or temperature, with end states that are perfectly hyperuniform. Specifically, we analyze equilibrium systems of hard rods and "sticky" hard-sphere systems in arbitrary space dimension d as a function of density. We also examine low-temperature excited states of many-particle systems interacting with "stealthy" long-ranged pair interactions as the temperature tends to zero, where the ground states are disordered, hyperuniform, and infinitely degenerate. We demonstrate that our various diagnostic hyperuniformity measures are positively correlated with one another. The same diagnostic measures can be used to detect the degree to which imperfections in nearly hyperuniform systems cause deviations from perfect hyperuniformity. Moreover, the capacity to identify hyperuniform scaling regimes should be particularly useful in analyzing experimentally or computationally generated samples that are necessarily of finite size.
Self-Calibrated Pulse Oximetry Based on Absorption Changes in Photon Pathlength (2021)

Finger pulse oximetry traditionally assumes a semi-infinite, homogenous media where the wavelength dependent differential pathlength is assumed or calibrated for. We developed an algorithm which does not require this assumption.
Enhanced MAC for the bounded access delay (2010)

To provide a more reliable link and deterministic delay for the mission-critical services, enhancement of the IEEE 802.15.4-2006 MAC specification was started in March 2008. The enhanced MAC specification offers three types of medium access control: Low Latency (LL), Time Slotted Channel Hopping (TSCH), and Distributed Synchronous Multi-Channel Extension (DSME). In this paper, the link access delay of the LL and DSME MAC is analyzed.
Phase boundary between ripple and hut in the initial roughening stage in heteroepitaxy (1998)

A regularly undulating surface topography has been observed during growth of heteroepitaxial layers such as Si1−xGex/Si2 and InxGa1−xAs/GaAs5. We present a modified evolution mechanism of this ripple structure, which consists of initial roughening and evolving stages. A theoretical relationship is derived through energy minimization, which indicates that the ratio of the amplitude to the square of the period of the ripple structure is constant in the evolving stage. Also derived is a criterion for determining the phase boundary between the ripple and hut phases in the Stranski–Krastanov growth.
Silicon optical modulators for high data rate applications (2011)

In this work we describe the carrier depletion MZI modulators, slow wave structures for modulation enhancement and the QCSE modulator which are under development in the European HELIOS project and the UK Silicon Photonics project.
In Search of Potent 5‐HT6 Receptor Inverse Agonists (2014)

A series of non-sulfonamide/non-sulfone derived potent 5-HT6 receptor inverse agonists has been disclosed. Representative compound 9 (Ki = 14 nm) displayed selectivity against a set of family members as well as brain permeability 6 h post-oral administration. In addition, the separated enantiomers of compound 9 displayed difference in activity indicating the influence of chirality on potency.
LAB-ANGIOGENESIS AND INVASION (2012)

OBJECTIVE: Glioblastoma multiforme is the most frequent primary brain tumor in adults. The major obstacle for successful treatment is the invasive growth pattern. Metabolically, glioblastomas are highly glycolytic, leading to increased levels of lactic acid production. The carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) moderates the extrusion of hydrogen ions into the extracellular space, which may enhance tumor invasion by activating proteolytic enzymes. We therefore induced glycolysis in glioblastoma cells and investigated the extracellular pH, cathepsin B expression, and its subcellular distribution and secretion parallel to the invasive behavior of the cells upon CAIX knockdown. METHODS: U251 glioblastoma cells were transfected with a CAIX siRNA construct and cultured in a Biocoat Matrigel invasion chambers with an 8-mm pore size membrane. The chambers were incubated in a humified 5% CO2 modular with either 21% oxygen and 25 mM glucose (control) or 0% oxygen plus 125 mM glucose (glycolysis). Invasion was quantified by counting the cells on the lower membrane surface. Extracellular pH was measured using a pH-meter. Cathepsin B expression and localization was investigated by RT-PCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence staining, respectively. The cathepsin B secretion into the supernatant was measured using a cathepsin B activity assay. RESULTS: In vitro glycolysis caused a significant increase of cathepsin B expression and secretion combined with massive invasion of glioblastoma cells. In addition, the subcellular distribution of the enzyme was shifted to the cell periphery. The extracellular pH dropped significantly under glycolytic conditions, antagonized by CAIX knockdown. In addition, CAIX knockdown did not influence cathepsin B expression but attenuated the intracellular change of cathepsin B distribution and reduced both the cathepsin B secretion and glioma cell invasion. CONCLUSION: Our data demonstrate that CAIX moderates invasion in glycolytic glioma cells via acidification of the extracellular milieu and enhanced secretion of cathepsin B.
Safepaths: Vaccine Diary Protocol and Decentralized Vaccine Coordination System using a Privacy Preserving User Centric Experience (Preprint) (2022)

<sec> <title>UNSTRUCTURED</title> In this work, we present an end to end decentralized protocol for the secure and privacy preserving workflow of vaccination, vaccination status verification, and adverse reactions or symptoms reporting. The proposed system improves the efficiency, privacy, equity and effectiveness of the existing manual system while remaining inter-operable with its capabilities. We also discuss various security concerns and alternate methodologies based on the proposed protocols. </sec>
CD43 is a murine T cell costimulatory receptor that functions independently of CD28. (1995)

Costimulation mediated by the CD28 receptor has been shown to play an important role in the development of a vigorous T cell immune response. Nevertheless, CD28-deficient mice can mount effective T cell-dependent immune responses. These data suggest that other costimulatory molecules may play a role in T cell activation. In a search for other costimulatory receptors on T cells, we have characterized a monoclonal antibody (mAb) that can costimulate T cells in the absence of accessory cells. Similar to CD28 antibodies, this mAb, R2/60, was found to synergize with T cell receptor engagement in inducing proliferation. Independent ligation of CD3 and the ligand recognized by R2/60 results in T cell proliferation, suggesting that the two molecules do not have to colocalize to activate the R2/60 costimulatory pathway. R2/60 does not react with CD28, and furthermore, R2/60 costimulates in a CD28-independent fashion since the mAb costimulates T cells from the CD28-deficient mice as well as wild-type mice. Expression cloning of the R2/60 antigen identified the ligand as murine CD43. Together, these data demonstrate that CD43 can serve as a receptor on T cells that can provide CD28-independent costimulation.
Scintillation and Dosimeter Properties of MgO Transparent Ceramic Doped with C (2016)

From the view point of MgO for radiation detector uses, in the 1970s, undoped MgO powder was found to show dosimeter properties. When it was irradiated by X-ray, γ-ray and UV, two TSL glow peaks were found around 90-100 and 140 °C [1]. Furthermore, in the later decades, MgO have been intensively studied for dosimeter applications due to the bioequivalency [2]. In this study, we synthesized a series of transparent ceramic MgO doped with 0.001, 0.01 and 0.1% of C by a Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) method and studied scintillation and dosimeter properties against X-rays. The C-doping is inspired by C-doped Al 2 O 3 crystalline powder used for a personal dosimeter [3]. Recently, it was pointed out that scintillation and dosimeter are complementarily related in some material systems [4] so investigations of both the dosimeter and scintillation properties are important to understand the luminescence phenomena induced by ionizing radiations. In the scintillation spectra, the emission bands were detected around 400 and 760 nm, and the origins of these peaks were assigned in previous reports [5]; therefore, we think that emission peaks around 400 and 760 nm may be due to F + center and Cr 3+ ion impurity, respectively. Moreover, the emission peak was also observed at 330 nm and it is said that its origin related to surface (grain boundary) defect [6]. Compared with the scintillation spectrum of the undoped MgO transparent ceramic in Ref [5], 330 and 400 nm peak intensities increased while 750 nm peak intensity decreased with C-doping. This result suggests two possibilities; a first one is that electrons are hard to transport to Cr 3+ ion because C-doping generated F + center and surface defect acting as emission center newly. The number of generated careers are finite, and if most careers recombine at these defect emission centers, Cr 3+ emission should be reduced. A second one is that defects generated by C-doping simply act as trapping centers, and in this case, careers would be stored. H. Nanto, K. Inabe, H. Yamazaki and N. Takeuchi, J. Phys. Chem. Solid ., 36 477 (1975). C. Soliman, Radiat. Eff. Defect. S ., 164 257 (2009). S.W.S. McKeever, Radiat. Meas ., 46 1336 (2011). T. Yanagida, J. Lumin ., 169 544 (2016). T. Kato, G. Okada, T. Yanagida, Ceram. Int ., 42 5617 (2016). F. Gu, et al., J. Alloy. Compd ., 453 361 (2008)
P‐27: Anomalous Increased Drain Current Characteristics of a‐Si:H TFTs with Long Channel Width (2007)

Abstract A‐Si:H TFTs having channel widths ranging from 40 μm to 48,000 μm were successfully fabricated and investigated for characterization of electrical dependence on channel width. TFTs with a critical channel width larger than 10,000 μm show width‐normalized drain current increases significantly even at the low lateral electrical field of 1.9 MV/m. for a critical bias condition, width‐normalized drain current has the dependency on channel width, resulting from the increased field effect mobility from 0.722 cm 2 /V‐sec to 1.6 cm 2 /V‐sec at V GS =12 V due to the dissipated power at the drain edge and the NPN bipolar action.