gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Zinc oxide clad limited area epitaxy semipolar III-nitride laser diodes (2018)

We report continuous-wave (CW) blue semipolar (202¯1) III-nitride laser diodes (LDs) that incorporate limited area epitaxy (LAE) n-AlGaN bottom cladding with thin p-GaN and ZnO top cladding layers. LAE mitigates LD design limitations that arise from stress relaxation, while ZnO layers reduce epitaxial growth time and temperature. Numerical modeling indicates that ZnO reduces the internal loss and increases the differential efficiency of TCO clad LDs. Room temperature CW lasing was achieved at 445 nm for a ridge waveguide LD with a threshold current density of 10.4 kA/cm<sup>2</sup>, a threshold voltage of 5.8 V, and a differential resistance of 1.1 Ω.
AB2 Functional Polyesters via Ring Opening Polymerization: Synthesis and Characterization (2009)

Abstract Aliphatic AB 2 functional polyesters were conveniently prepared by the ring opening polymerization of ε ‐caprolactone and L ‐lactide in the presence of the AB 2 functional initiator 2,2‐bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid (bis‐MPA) and Sn(Oct) 2 as the catalyst. In L ‐lactide polymerization, both bis‐MPA hydroxyl groups initiated the polymerization reaction, but for ε ‐caprolactone polymerization this depended on the monomer to initiator to catalyst ratio. Initiation at two hydroxyl groups occurred at high monomer to initiator ([M]/[I]) ratio and at high Sn(Oct) 2 to monomer ratio. The melting temperatures of the AB 2 ‐functional PLLA and PCL polymers were comparable to linear polymers with a $\overline {DP}$ equal to the $\overline {DP}$ per arm in the polymer. magnified image
Survival Experience of 195 Patients with Hairy Cell Leukemia Treated in a Multi-Institutional Study with Interferon-Alfa 2B (1991)

One hundred ninety-five patients were entered into a multi-institutional study of interferon alfa 2b from 1983-1986; follow-up was completed through June 1989. A complete remission was documented in 7 patients, a partial remission in 152 patients, a minor response in 10 patients, and no response in 26 patients. One-hundred fifty-nine of the 195 patients treated (81%) had a normalization of their peripheral blood counts by the criteria used. To date, 17 patients have died. Only 3 of the 159 patients (2%) with a PR or CR have expired. Three of 10 MR patients have expired and 11 of 26 NR patients have expired. Of the 11 who expired, 7 did so before receiving an adequate duration of treatment. Three of the NR patients died within 1 week of starting interferon from intracranial hemorrhages secondary to severe thrombocytopenia (present prior to initiation of interferon) and 4 NR patients died of infectious deaths within 2 months of initiating interferon therapy secondary to severe neutropenia (present prior to initiation of interferon). Of the 17 NR's who remained alive and on-study for at least 6 months, only 2 eventually died, both after failing subsequent pentostatin therapy. Systemic therapy with agents that induce a more rapid response such as pentostatin or 2-chlorodeoxy-adenosine, or the combination of interferon plus growth factor are indicated in these severely cytopenic patients.
Colon cancer checks in when bile acids check out: the bile acid–nuclear receptor axis in colon cancer (2021)

Bile acids (BAs) are a class of hepatically derived metabolite-hormones with prominent roles in nutrient absorption, metabolic and immune homeostasis in the intestine. BAs are ligands for multiple nuclear receptors (NRs), through which they confer transcriptional regulation on target genes that form an enterohepatic hormonal feedback loop to regulate BA synthesis and maintain lipid homeostasis. Endogenous BAs made by the host undergo significant biotransformation by the gut microbiota in the intestine, which diversifies the intestinal BA pool and facilitate host-microbiota cross-talk through BA-mediated signaling. BAs dysregulation contributes to development of metabolic diseases, pathological inflammation and colon cancer. This review provides a brief historic perspective of the study of NR-mediated BA signaling transduction, with a focus on recent advancements in understanding the active role the gut microbiome plays in reshaping intestinal BA landscape, and the implications of novel microbially derived BAs in modulating immune homeostasis and cancer development in the host. Targeting the BA-NR signaling axis for pharmacological intervention provides ample opportunities in the prevention and treatment of intestinal diseases.
A genome‐wide association study identifies an osteoarthritis susceptibility locus on chromosome 7q22 (2010)

Our findings identify a novel common variant on chromosome 7q22 that influences susceptibility to prevalence and progression of OA. Since the GPR22 gene encodes a G protein-coupled receptor, this is potentially an interesting therapeutic target.
Estimating MIMO capacities from broadband measurements in a cellular network (2010)

Abstract—We provide a new efficient method to evaluate spec-tral efficiencies from wireless channel soundings. Measurements are done in a limited cellular network using 3 sites with an ISD of 750 m. Each site has 3 sectors and is equipped with cross-polarized panel antennas. In the preprocessing phase, we take advantage of the high number of elements at the mea-surement array to compute a virtual cross polarized 2x2 setup with omnidirectional coverage at the receiver. We then apply findings from the mid 1990s to denoise the data by an adaptive thresholding method. This approach gains roughly 10 dB of SNR and enables us to evaluate capacities also for well shaded locations with a high path loss. At a fixed evaluation SNR of 10 dB, our setup achieves 5.7 bps/Hz which compares well to earlier findings from Manhattan. Exploiting both effects, the received power and the structure of the MIMO channel, best server capacities are calculated to 15 bps/Hz while the corresponding SISO setup only achieves 7.6 bps/Hz. I.
Query processing in a geographic mediation system (2004)

Despite various interoperability recommendations, heterogeneity of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is still an issue. This led to an increasing need for a data integration system that allows transparent and uniform access to spatial data disseminated over a network. In this paper, we describe the internals of query processing in the VirGIS mediation system. Recall that a data mediation system provides users with a uniform access to a multitude of (local/remote) data sources, without duplicating the data. The user poses his query against a virtual (global) schema, the query is in turn rewritten into queries sent to the local sources. VirGIS complies with Open GIS Consortium recommendations in using the Geography Markup Language (GML) for the encoding and the transport of geographic information, and the Web Feature Server (WFS) interfaces to perform communications with clients and data sources.
FLUORESCEIN ANGIOGRAPHIC CHANGES IN ACUTE TOXIC RETINOPATHY ASSOCIATED WITH POLYPHARMACY (2000)

From the Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University Medical Center, California. Reprint requests: Mark S. Blumenkranz, MD. Department of Ophthalmology, Standford University Medical Center, Boswell A57, Stanford, CA 94305; e-mail: [email protected]
Synthesis of Melanin Pigment by Candida albicans In Vitro and during Infection (2005)

Melanins are implicated in the pathogenesis of several important human diseases. This study confirmed the presence of melanin particles in Candida albicans in vitro and during infection. Dark particles were isolated from the digestion of C. albicans cultures and from infected tissue, as established by electron microscopy and immunofluorescence techniques.
Correction: Novel dendritic large molecules as solution-processable thermally activated delayed fluorescent emitters for simple structured non-doped organic light emitting diodes (2018)

Correction for ‘Novel dendritic large molecules as solution-processable thermally activated delayed fluorescent emitters for simple structured non-doped organic light emitting diodes’ by Mallesham Godumala <italic>et al.</italic>, <italic>J. Mater. Chem. C</italic>, 2018, <bold>6</bold>, 1160–1170.
02. Beyond B Antigen Coverage: The Potential of the 4CMenB Vaccine for Cross-protection Against Pathogenic Neisseria Infections (2021)

Abstract Background Two human pathogenic Neisseria species exist: N. meningitidis (Nm) and N. gonorrhoeae (Ng). Although causing disparate clinical syndromes, invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) and gonorrhea, they are genetically similar and share key protein antigens. The 4CMenB vaccine, licensed against meningococcal B disease, comprises 4 antigenic components (factor H binding protein (fHbp), variant 1.1, subfamily B; Neisseria heparin binding antigen (NHBA) peptide 2; Neisserial adhesin A (NadA) variant 3; and Porin A (PorA) P1.4), and potentially protects against non-B invasive meningococcal and gonococcal strains. In this review, we summarize the similarities between these antigens and those in Nm serogroups A, C, W, X and Y and Ng. Methods Published data in humans were analyzed to conduct a narrative literature review of the potential extent of meningococcal vaccine-induced protection against non-B meningococcal strains and Ng. Techniques applied to indirectly measure this effect are based on genotype-phenotype modelling, strain coverage, bactericidal killing and direct impact on disease reduction. Results Data were identified from countries in America, Europe, Africa and Oceania. The genes encoding for fHbp and NHBA are also present in strains belonging to the five non-B serogroups, while NadA is present in several strains of serogroups C, W and Y, and PorA P1.4 mainly in serogroup W. At the genome level, Ng and Nm share up to 90% homology. Most of the outer membrane vesicle antigens, like PilQ, Omp85 (BamA), NspA, MtrE, MetQ, LbpA, PorB, FetA, OpcA and NHBA, are highly conserved in Ng. In addition, a synergistic effect might enhance immunogenicity against non-B serogroups as shown against serogroup B. Conclusion 4CMenB components are present and conserved in several Ng and Nm strains. Recent results demonstrate that 4CMenB reduces MenW disease incidence in infants and might generate cross-protection against other non-B serogroups. In addition, 4CMenB has been proven to be effective in reducing gonococcal infections in adolescents. Research on future genomic and proteomic characterizations of IMD and gonorrhea strains will provide information on the molecular basis of the underlying broad strain coverage, while informing decisions regarding prevention and immunization programmes. Disclosures Yara Ruiz Garcia, MSc, PhD, GSK group of companies (Employee) Woo-Yun Sohn, MD, GSK group of companies (Employee, Shareholder) Mariagrazia Pizza, Biological Sciences, PhD, GSK group of companies (Employee, Shareholder) Rafik Bekkat-Berkani, M.D, GSK group of companies (Employee, Shareholder)
Sampling geometries and resolution limits for compressive MMW and terahertz imaging (2011)

Compressive measurement enables image formation from sparse and irregular arrays. In MMW and terahertz imaging, compressive measurement may lead to a preference for fewer but more complex transceivers over dense arrays of simple transceivers (e.g. conventional focal planes.).
A survey of handover algorithms in DVB-H (2006)

Digital video broadcasting for handhelds (DVB-H) is a standard for broadcasting IP Datacast (IPDC) services to mobile handheld terminals. Based on the DVB-T standard, DVB-H adds new features such as time slicing, MPE-FEC, in-depth interleavers, mandatory cell id identifier, optional 4K-modulation mode and the use of 5 MHz bandwidth in addition to the usually used 6, 7, or 8 MHz raster. IPDC over DVB-H is proposed for ETSI to complement the DVB-H standard by combining IPDC and DVB-H in an end-to-end system. Handover in such unidirectional broadcasting networks is a novel issue. In the last few years since the birth of DVB-H technology, great attention has been given to the performance analysis of DVB-H mobile terminals. Handover is one of the main research topics for DVB-H in mobile scenarios. Better reception quality and greater power efficiency are considered to be the main targets of handover research for DVB-H. New algorithms for different handover stages in DVB-H have been the subject of recent research and are currently being studied. Further novel algorithms need to be designed to improve the mobile reception quality. This article provides a comprehensive survey of the handover algorithms in DVB-H. A systematic evaluation and categorization approach is proposed based on the problems the algorithms solve and the handover stages being focused on. Criteria are proposed and analyzed to facilitate designing better handover algorithms for DVB-H that have been identified from the research conducted by the authors.
Efficient remote image-based situational queries through mobile devices (2016)

This paper presents ThereNow, a LBS[Junglas and Watson 2008] mobile application designed to get close-to-real-time answers for situational queries about real-world locations. Two key issues in this scenario are: extracting information from existing data to answer user queries; and easily acquiring more data or information, if it doesn't exist yet in the system. This can be problematic due to the format and semantics of the data or to the cost (time or resources) of collecting it. ThereNow takes a unique design approach where it relies on images/photos as data and in the actual users looking at those images to 'see' if they provide enough information to answer their queries. This approach can both bypass the difficulties in information extraction from data available on the Internet and make collecting more data as easy as just taking a picture. Thus, by leveraging mobile phones being everywhere and the "an image is worth a thousand words" effect, users can easily request and quickly receive information about what is happening now at a certain location. Moreover, ThereNow makes use of an image crawler to bootstrap the system with location-tagged images and utilizes computer vision techniques to extract additional potentially useful information from images.
Siglec-15 on Osteoclasts Is Crucial for Bone Erosion in Serum-Transfer Arthritis (2020)

Siglec-15 is a conserved sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin, which is expressed on osteoclasts. Deficiency of Siglec-15 leads to an impaired osteoclast development, resulting in a mild osteopetrotic phenotype. The role of Siglec-15 in arthritis is still largely unclear. To address this, we generated Siglec-15 knockout mice and analyzed them in a mouse arthritis model. We could show that Siglec-15 is directly involved in pathologic bone erosion in the K/BxN serum-transfer arthritis model. Histological analyses of joint destruction provided evidence for a significant reduction in bone erosion area and osteoclast numbers in Siglec-15<sup>-/-</sup> mice, whereas the inflammation area and cartilage destruction was comparable to wild-type mice. Thus, Siglec-15 on osteoclasts has a crucial function for bone erosion during arthritis. In addition, we generated a new monoclonal anti-Siglec-15 Ab to clarify its expression pattern on immune cells. Whereas this Ab demonstrated an almost exclusive Siglec-15 expression on murine osteoclasts and hardly any other expression on various other immune cell types, human Siglec-15 was more broadly expressed on human myeloid cells, including human osteoclasts. Taken together, our findings show a role of Siglec-15 as a regulator of pathologic bone resorption in arthritis and highlight its potential as a target for future therapies, as Siglec-15 blocking Abs are available.
Learning to Align Images using Weak Geometric Supervision (2018)

Image alignment tasks require accurate pixel correspondences, which are usually recovered by matching local feature descriptors. Such descriptors are often derived using supervised learning on existing datasets with ground truth correspondences. However, the cost of creating such datasets is usually prohibitive. In this paper, we propose a new approach to align two images related by an unknown 2D homography where the local descriptor is learned from scratch from the images and the homography is estimated simultaneously. Our key insight is that a siamese convolutional neural network can be trained jointly while iteratively updating the homography parameters by optimizing a single loss function. Our method is currently weakly supervised because the input images need to be roughly aligned. We have used this method to align images of different modalities such as RGB and near-infra-red (NIR) without using any prior labeled data. Images automatically aligned by our method were then used to train descriptors that generalize to new images. We also evaluated our method on RGB images. On the HPatches benchmark, our method achieves comparable accuracy to deep local descriptors that were trained offline in a supervised setting.
Intratumoral heterogeneity as a source of discordance in breast cancer biomarker classification (2019)

Abstract Background Spatial heterogeneity in biomarker expression may impact breast cancer classification. The aims of this study were to estimate the frequency of spatial heterogeneity in biomarker expression within tumors, to identify technical and biological factors contributing to spatial heterogeneity, and to examine the impact of discordant biomarker status within tumors on clinical record agreement. Methods Tissue microarrays (TMAs) were constructed using two to four cores (1.0 mm) for each of 1085 invasive breast cancers from the Carolina Breast Cancer Study, which is part of the AMBER Consortium. Immunohistochemical staining for estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) was quantified using automated digital imaging analysis. The biomarker status for each core and for each case was assigned using clinical thresholds. Cases with core-to-core biomarker discordance were manually reviewed to distinguish intratumoral biomarker heterogeneity from misclassification of biomarker status by the automated algorithm. The impact of core-to-core biomarker discordance on case-level agreement between TMAs and the clinical record was evaluated. Results On the basis of automated analysis, discordant biomarker status between TMA cores occurred in 9 %, 16 %, and 18 % of cases for ER, PR, and HER2, respectively. Misclassification of benign epithelium and/or ductal carcinoma in situ as invasive carcinoma by the automated algorithm was implicated in discordance among cores. However, manual review of discordant cases confirmed spatial heterogeneity as a source of discordant biomarker status between cores in 2 %, 7 %, and 8 % of cases for ER, PR, and HER2, respectively. Overall, agreement between TMA and clinical record was high for ER (94 %), PR (89 %), and HER2 (88 %), but it was reduced in cases with core-to-core discordance (agreement 70 % for ER, 61 % for PR, and 57 % for HER2). Conclusions Intratumoral biomarker heterogeneity may impact breast cancer classification accuracy, with implications for clinical management. Both manually confirmed biomarker heterogeneity and misclassification of biomarker status by automated image analysis contribute to discordant biomarker status between TMA cores. Given that manually confirmed heterogeneity is uncommon (<10 % of cases), large studies are needed to study the impact of heterogeneous biomarker expression on breast cancer classification and outcomes.
Silicon Carbide Foams by Polyurethane Replica Technique (2005)

This paper describes the process of polyurethane replica technique for fabricating highly porous SiC ceramic foams using gelatin as gelling agent. Characterization of the porous ceramics have been performed by 3‐point‐bending strength, gas permeability and electrical conductivity measurements.
Die flüchtige Macht begabter Individualisten (2009)

In diesem Band ist nun allerhand zum politischen Phänomen des Seiteneinsteigers zusammengetragen worden. Und nicht ganz zu Unrecht wird man kritisch anmerken können, dass etwa Klaus Töpfer womöglich gar kein richtiger Seiteneinsteiger war, weil er vor seinen politischen Führungsämtern bereits Erfahrungen mit der Politik in der saarländischen Staatskanzlei hatte sammeln können. Und Ursula v. d. Leyen stieg nicht unmittelbar an der Spitze eines Ministeriums in die Politik ein, sondern mühte sich zunächst kurzzeitig in der Kommunalpolitik ab. Dem bereits im Wahlkampf gescheiterten Paul Kirchhof wurden die Ministerweihen gar nicht erst zuteil. Allein diese kurz angerissenen Beispiele geben einen Eindruck von der Fluidität des Seiteneinsteiger-Begriffs. Denn trotzdem können Töpfer, v. d. Leyen und Kirchhof plausibel als Seiteneinsteiger gedeutet werden, lag doch die Priorität beruflicher Tätigkeit vor ihrem politischen Engagement ganz eindeutig in einem anderen Bereich als der Politik. Auch hatten sie jedenfalls keine parteipolitische Ochsentour absolviert, hatten sich nicht in mehrjähriger intensiver Parteiarbeit ihre Ämter und Mandate „verdient“. Es liegt im Wesen der Definition – und zumal jeder sozialwissenschaftlichen Definition –, dass sie objektive Eindeutigkeit formuliert, wo die Realität vielschichtig, subjektivistisch, polyvalent ist; dass sie klare Ursache-Wirkungs-Ketten suggeriert, wo sich Kausalzusammenhänge allenfalls annäherungsweise rekonstruieren lassen.
Benzimidazole-5-sulfonamides as Novel Nonpeptide Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Hormone (LHRH) Antagonists: Minimization of Mechanism-Based CYP3A4 Inhibition (2005)

Herein we report the development of novel, potent and non-peptide luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) antagonists. The optimization towards derivatives free from mechanism-based CYP3A4 inhibition is described. The identification of a main metabolite guided us towards structural modifications of the benzyl moiety, which resulted in significant improvements of the CYP3A4 profile, while maintaining potent LHRH antagonist activity.
Motion Control of Miniature Aquatic Robot Utilizing Bird’s Eye View Camera and Marker (2019)

Miniature aquatic robots are required for survey in a narrow space. In this study, we have developed a robot with multiple elastic plates which are selectively resonated by a single vibration motor. In this paper, a bird’s eye view camera is used to detect the position of the robot with a marker and the motion control is applied to let the robot reach the designated position.
Retraction: Essential Role of Transcription Factor Nuclear Factor-κB in Regulation of Interleukin-8 Gene Expression by Nitrite Reductase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Respiratory Epithelial Cells (2011)

Persistent infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa increases interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels and causes dense neutrophil infiltrations in the airways of patients with chronic airway diseases. Recently, we have reported that nitrite reductase from P. aeruginosa induces the production of IL-8 in respiratory cells, including bronchial epithelial cells. To determine the molecular mechanism(s) of nitrite reductase-induced IL-8 expression in respiratory cells, A549 epithelial cells were transfected with plasmids containing serial deletions of the 5'-flanking region of the IL-8 gene and then exposed to nitrite reductase. Nitrite reductase significantly enhanced IL-8 gene promoter-driven reporter activity. This increased IL-8 gene expression was inhibited by mutating the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) binding element. Nitrite reductase enhanced nuclear localization of the NF-kappaB binding complex. Furthermore, nitrite reductase induced the degradation of IkappaBalpha, the major cytoplasmic inhibitor of NF-kappaB, and the expression of IkappaBalpha mRNA. These data support the critical role of the activation of NF-kappaB in nitrite reductase-induced IL-8 gene expression in airway epithelium.