gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Severe Cholestatic Hepatitis Caused by Azathioprine (2005)

A male patient receiving azathioprine treatment for discoid lupus erythematodes developed severe cholestatic hepatitis between 14 and 21 days after initiation of the treatment with peak bilirubin levels of 62.4 mg/dL. Other causes of hepatic dysfunction including viral hepatitis were clinically and serologically excluded. Liver biopsy revealed cholestatic hepatocellular damage. At 14 days after discontinuation of azathioprine the liver function (transaminases and bilirubin) began to improve. Only alcaline phosphatase and γ-glutamyl transferase remained elevated even after 4 months. This case argues for an idiosyncratic cholestatic hepatocellular damage caused by azathioprine.
Hard-Switch Stressing of Vertical-Channel Implanted-Gate SiC JFETs (2011)

A requirement for the commercialization of power SiC transistors is their long-term reliable operation under the hard-switching conditions encountered in the field. Normally ON 1200-V vertical-channel implanted-gate SiC JFETs, designed for high-power bidirectional (four-quadrant) solid-state-circuit-breaker applications, were repetitively hard switched from a 150-V blocking state to an on-state current in excess of eight times the JFET's 250-W/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> rated current. The JFETs were fabricated in seven photolithographic levels with a single masked ion implantation forming the p <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> gates and guard rings and no epitaxial regrowth. The hard-switch testing was performed using an <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">RLC</i> circuit capable of currents in excess of 200 A with a rise time of 150 A/ μs. In this circuit, energy initially stored in the capacitor is discharged to the resistor through the JFET under test. The JFET hard-switch stressing included 1000 shots at each temperature of 25 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> C, 50 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> C, 100 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> C, and 150 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> C and at each repetition rate of 1, 5, 10, and 100 Hz for a total of 16 000 shots. Peak energies and powers dissipated by the JFET were 7.5 mJ and 9 kW, respectively. JFET conduction and blocking-voltage characteristics remain unchanged after 16 000 pulsed hard-switching events, which is indicative of reliable operation and excellent JFET suitability for nondegrading repeated bidirectional high surge-current fault isolation.
Cancer risk in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: IMID and Cancer Risk. (2013)

: Inflammation and cancer have a profound yet ambiguous relationship. Inflammation - especially chronic inflammation - has protumorigenic effects, but inflammatory cells also mediate an immune response against the tumor and immunosuppression is known to increase the risk for certain tumors.This article reviews current literature on the role of inflammation in cancer and the cancer risk in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs). We discuss the effect on cancer risk of different drug classes used in the treatment of IMIDs treatment, including biologicals such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors.Overall cancer incidence and mortality risk are similar to the general population in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and slightly increased for rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis, with risk profiles differing for different tumor types. Increased risk for non-melanoma skin cancer is associated with thiopurine treatment in IBD, with the combination of anti-TNF and methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis and with PUVA, cyclosporine and anti-TNF treatment in psoriasis. Data on the safety of using biologic or immunosuppressant therapy in IMID patients with a history of cancer are scarce.This review provides clinicians with a solid background to help them in making decisions about treatment of immune-mediated diseases in patients with a tumor history.
A method for determining diffusion resistance in polymer particles during polymerization (1996)

Polyolefins are usually made in the form of particles, with the catalyst distributed inside these particles and monomers in gas or liquid form on the outside. Mass transfer restriction of monomers and other molecules into the polymer particles could be of significance. A method of studying this restriction is shown in this article. This method is based on a novel two-phase (pore phase and polymer phase) transport theory developed here, with a dimensionless number for the competitiveness of pore vs. polymer phase transport as the key parameter. Data of mass transfer from polymer particle drying experiments are, by means of this dimensionless transport parameter, generalized so that diffusion resistance during the preceding polymerization of these particles can be calculated. It is believed that this has not been attempted before. This method is used on an example of ethylene diffusion resistance when making polyethylene (PE). The calculated result is that diffusion resistance is significant for slurry polymerization in this case. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A multilevel energy buffer and voltage modulator for grid-interfaced micro-inverters (2013)

Micro-inverters operating into the single-phase grid from solar photovoltaic (PV) panels or other low-voltage sources must buffer the twice-line-frequency variations between the energy sourced by the PV panel and that required for the grid. Moreover, in addition to operating over wide average power ranges, they inherently operate over a wide range of voltage conversion ratios as the line voltage traverses a cycle. These factors make the design of micro-inverters challenging. This paper presents a multilevel energy buffer and voltage modulator (MEB) that significantly reduces the range of voltage conversion ratios that the dc-ac converter portion of the micro-inverter must operate over by stepping its effective input voltage in pace with the line voltage. The MEB also functions as an active energy buffer to reduce the twice-line-frequency voltage ripple at the output of the solar panel. The small additional loss of the MEB can be compensated by the improved efficiency of the dc-ac converter stage, leading to a higher overall system efficiency. A prototype micro-inverter incorporating a MEB, designed for 27 V to 38 V dc input voltage, 230 V rms ac output voltage, and rated for line cycle average power of 70 W, has been built and tested in grid-connected mode. It is shown that the MEB can successfully enhance the performance of a single-phase grid-interfaced micro-inverter by increasing its efficiency and reducing the total size of the twice-line-frequency energy buffering capacitance.
Low-noise tunable deep-ultraviolet supercontinuum laser (2020)

Abstract The realization of a table-top tunable deep-ultraviolet (UV) laser source with excellent noise properties would significantly benefit the scientific community, particularly within imaging and spectroscopic applications, where source noise has a crucial role. Here we provide a thorough characterization of the pulse-to-pulse relative intensity noise (RIN) of such a deep-UV source based on an argon (Ar)-filled anti-resonant hollow-core (AR HC) fiber. Suitable pump pulses are produced using a compact commercially available laser centered at 1030 nm with a pulse duration of 400 fs, followed by a nonlinear compression stage that generates pulses with 30 fs duration, 24.2 μJ energy at 100 kHz repetition rate and a RIN of &lt; 1%. Pump pulses coupled into the AR HC fiber undergo extreme spectral broadening creating a supercontinuum, leading to efficient energy transfer to a phase-matched resonant dispersive wave (RDW) in the deep-UV spectral region. The center wavelength of the RDW could be tuned between 236 and 377 nm by adjusting the Ar pressure in a 140 mm length of fiber. Under optimal pump conditions the RIN properties were demonstrated to be exceptionally good, with a value as low as 1.9% at ~ 282 nm. The RIN is resolved spectrally for the pump pulses, the generated RDW and the broadband supercontinuum. These results constitute the first broadband RIN characterization of such a deep-UV source and provide a significant step forward towards a stable, compact and tunable laser source for applications in the deep-UV spectral region.
Compute- and Data-Intensive Networks: The Key to the Metaverse (2022)

The worlds of computing, communication, and storage have for a long time been treated separately, and even the recent trends of cloud computing, distributed computing, and mobile edge computing have not fundamentally changed the role of networks, still designed to move data between end users and pre-determined computation nodes, without true optimization of the end-to-end compute-communication process. However, the emergence of Metaverse applications, where users consume multimedia experiences that result from the real-time combination of distributed live sources and stored digital assets, has changed the requirements for, and possibilities of, systems that provide distributed caching, computation, and communication. We argue that the real-time interactive nature and high demands on data storage, streaming rates, and processing power of Metaverse applications will accelerate the merging of the cloud into the network, leading to highly-distributed tightly-integrated compute- and data-intensive networks becoming universal compute platforms for next-generation digital experiences. In this paper, we first describe the requirements of Metaverse applications and associated supporting infrastructure, including relevant use cases. We then outline a comprehensive cloud network flow mathematical framework, designed for the end-to-end optimization and control of such systems, and show numerical results illustrating its promising role for the efficient operation of Metaverse-ready networks.
Modern solid-state laser materials (1984)

The discovery of the tunable alexandrite (Cr: BeAl2O4) solid-state laser by Walling et al.1 in 1978 and the rediscovery of tunable cobalt and nickel doped MgF2 layers by Moulton et al.2 in 1978 signaled a revival of interest in the research and development of new solid-state lasers not seen since the mid-1960s. Through the efforts of several groups of researchers around the world, several new (i.e., modern) solid-state lasers have appeared in the past year or so. These efforts have focused on two distinct types of laser: (1) phonon-terminated wavelength-tunable lasers using a variety of chromium (Cr3+) doped crystalline host materials (e.g., oxide garnets,3 emerald,4 fluoride perovskites5), and (2) 1060-nm neodymium (Nd3+) lasers with increased efficiency (relative to the industry standard, Nd:YAG) achieved through effective Cr sensitization of Nd luminescence in co-doped oxide garnets.6,7 To date, the gadolinium scandium gallium garnet (QSGG), singly doped with Cr or co-doped with Nd/Cr, has attracted the most attention.
Calming the Nervous Heart: Autonomic Therapies in Heart Failure (2018)

Heart failure (HF) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The disease is characterised by autonomic imbalance with increased sympathetic activity and withdrawal of parasympathetic activity. Despite the use of medical therapies that target, in part, the neurohormonal axis, rates of HF progression, morbidity and mortality remain high. Emerging therapies centred on neuromodulation of autonomic control of the heart provide an alternative device-based approach to restoring sympathovagal balance. Preclinical studies have proven favourable, while clinical trials have had mixed results. This article highlights the importance of understanding structural/functional organisation of the cardiac nervous system as mechanistic-based neuromodulation therapies evolve.
EFFECTIVENESS OF SELF INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE ON KNOWLEDGE OF POST OPERATIVE SELF CARE FOR MOTHERS UNDERGOING ELECTIVE CAESAREAN SECTION IN SELECTED HOSPITALS, MANGALORE (2014)

Abstract The study was conducted on Effectiveness of self instructional module on knowledge of post operative self care for mothers undergoing elective caesarean section in selected hospitals, Mangalore. The research design was a one group pre test post test design which was a pre experimental research design. 40 mothers undergoing elective caesarean section by purposive sampling. The pretest knowledge questionnaire was administered to the mothers two days prior to caesarean section, followed by a self instructional module on post operative self care. Post test was conducted after 5 days using the same tool. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The mean knowledge score was 14.98 whereas maximum possible score was 30. Among the 11 areas, the mean percentage knowledge score in the area of caesarean section and self care was 77.50% bladder and bowel care was 60% breast feeding was 58.40% diet was 52.50% pain management was 47.50% post operative complications and home care was 46% baby care was 44.33% early ambulation and exercise was 44% perineal hygiene was 41% wound care was 40.67% and deep breathing and coughing was 40.67%. The 't' value showed significant in the post test ('t' calculated value of pretest and post test knowledge scores = 18.000, p&lt;0.001) which showed that self-instructional module was effective in improving the knowledge of mothers on post operative self care after caesarian section. There was significant association between the level of knowledge and demographic variables namely age parity, education, occupation, monthly income, exposure to health awareness and history of caesarean section.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrosynthesis of Sodium Hydrosulfite. Part 3. Porous Cathode Materials and Process Model. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
An oxide electrothermal filter in standard CMOS (2016)

Due to their relatively stable phase shift over temperature, electrothermal filters (ETFs) with an oxide heat path have been used as on-chip phase references, e.g. for thermal diffusivity (TD) temperature sensors. However, previous oxide ETFs were limited to SOI processes, whose deep-trench isolation could be used to create an oxide-dominated heat path. This paper describes, for the first time, an oxide ETF realized in a bulk CMOS process. It achieves a phase spread of 0.6 % (3 sigma, no trim) from −40 °C to 125 °C. When used as a reference for a TD temperature sensor, this translates into a temperature sensing spread of ±2.7 °C (3 sigma, no trim). This is 1.8 times less than the spread reported for SOI implementations, making the CMOS variant not only feasible, but also competitive.
Anoctamin 2 identified as an autoimmune target in multiple sclerosis (2016)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system and also is regarded as an autoimmune condition. However, the antigenic targets of the autoimmune response in MS have not yet been deciphered. In an effort to mine the autoantibody repertoire within MS, we profiled 2,169 plasma samples from MS cases and population-based controls using bead arrays built with 384 human protein fragments selected from an initial screening with 11,520 antigens. Our data revealed prominently increased autoantibody reactivity against the chloride-channel protein anoctamin 2 (ANO2) in MS cases compared with controls. This finding was corroborated in independent assays with alternative protein constructs and by epitope mapping with peptides covering the identified region of ANO2. Additionally, we found a strong interaction between the presence of ANO2 autoantibodies and the HLA complex MS-associated DRB1*15 allele, reinforcing a potential role for ANO2 autoreactivity in MS etiopathogenesis. Furthermore, immunofluorescence analysis in human MS brain tissue showed ANO2 expression as small cellular aggregates near and inside MS lesions. Thus this study represents one of the largest efforts to characterize the autoantibody repertoire within MS. The findings presented here demonstrate that an ANO2 autoimmune subphenotype may exist in MS and lay the groundwork for further studies focusing on the pathogenic role of ANO2 autoantibodies in MS.
A mechanism for fire retardancy realized by a combination of biofillers and ammonium polyphosphate in various polymer systems (2021)

Abstract This study focused on realizing fire retardancy for polymer composites by using a cellulosic biofiller and ammonium polyphosphate (APP). The motivation of this study was based on revealing the mechanism of the synergetic effect of a cellulosic biofiller and APP and determining the parameters required for achieving a V-0 rating in UL94 standard regardless of the kind of polymer system used. As for the polymer matrix, polypropylene and polylactic acid were used. The flammability, burning behavior and thermal decomposition behavior of the composites were investigated through a burning test according to the UL-94 standard, cone calorimetric test and thermogravimetric analysis. As a result, the incorporation of a high amount of cellulose enabled a V-0 rating to be achieved with only a small amount of APP despite the variation of the optimum cellulose loading between the matrix polymers. Through analysis, the results indicated that APP decreased the dehydration temperature of cellulose. Furthermore, APP promoted the generation of enough water as a nonflammable gas and formed enough char until the degradation of the polymer matrix was complete. The conditions required to achieve the V-0 rating were suggested against composites incorporating APP and biofillers. Furthermore, the suggested conditions were validated by using polyoxymethylene as a highly flammable polymer.
Adapting an ASR Foundation Model for Spoken Language Assessment (2023)

A crucial part of an accurate and reliable spoken language assessment system is the underlying ASR model. Recently, large-scale pre-trained ASR foundation models such as Whisper have been made available. As the output of these models is designed to be human readable, punctuation is added, numbers are presented in Arabic numeric form and abbreviations are included. Additionally, these models have a tendency to skip disfluencies and hesitations in the output. Though useful for readability, these attributes are not helpful for assessing the ability of a candidate and providing feedback. Here a precise transcription of what a candidate said is needed. In this paper, we give a detailed analysis of Whisper outputs and propose two solutions: fine-tuning and soft prompt tuning. Experiments are conducted on both public speech corpora and an English learner dataset. Results show that we can effectively alter the decoding behaviour of Whisper to generate the exact words spoken in the response.
Design, Synthese und funktionelle Evaluierung von CO‐freisetzenden Molekülen, die durch Penicillin‐G‐Amidase als Modellprotease aktiviert werden (2015)

Abstract Wir berichten über die Entwicklung Protease‐aktivierter Kohlenmonoxid‐freisetzender Moleküle (CORMs). Die Tragfähigkeit des gewählten Konzeptes wurde durch die Synthese von Verbindungen belegt, bei denen eine η 4 ‐Oxydien‐Fe(CO) 3 ‐Substruktur mit einer durch Penicillin‐G‐Amidase (PGA) spaltbaren Einheit über einen “selbstlösenden” Linker verknüpft ist. Die Geschwindigkeit der PGA‐induzierten Hydrolyse wurde per HPLC und die nachfolgende CO‐Freisetzung durch Headspace‐GC bestimmt. Bei gemeinsamer Gabe eines unserer CORMs und PGA konnten die Inhibition der Entzündungsantwort sowie die Induktion der Expression von Hämoxygenase‐1 in humanen Endothelzellen als typische biologische Effekte von CO in vitro nachgewiesen werden. Auf diese Weise wurde eine vielversprechende Basis für die zukünftige Entwicklung Protease‐spezifischer CORMs für potenzielle klinische Anwendungen geschaffen.
Right- and Left-Handed α-Helical Structures in Poly(L-alanyl-D-alanyl-L-alanyl-L -alanyl) (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRight- and Left-Handed α-Helical Structures in Poly(L-alanyl-D-alanyl-L-alanyl-L -alanyl)N. Lotan, F. Th. Hesselink, H. Benderly, J. F. Yan, I. Schechter, A. Berger, and H. A. ScheragaCite this: Macromolecules 1973, 6, 3, 447–453Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma60033a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ma60033a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views66Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Virtual-SAGE: A New Approach to EST Data Analysis (2004)

We present a computer program, termed V-SAGE (Virtual-SAGE), designed to facilitate the analysis of gene expression profiles by combining elements of SAGE (Serial Analysis of Gene Expression) with high-throughput EST analysis. The program re-iteratively correlates sequence tags adjacent to poly(A) tail sequence strings with a second or several tags located within the cDNA adjacent to the recognition sequences of frequently-cutting endonucleases. By recording tags and their distance, the program generates an expression profile from large numbers of sequences, groups sequences according to tags, and identifies alternatively spliced transcripts as well as transcripts that are characterized by 3'-UTR sequences of different length. We discuss the application of V-SAGE to a collection of corn root segment transcripts.