gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CRITICALITY WITHOUT FRUSTRATION FOR QUANTUM SPIN-1 CHAINS (2013)

Frustration-free (FF) spin chains have a property that their ground state minimizes all individual terms in the chain Hamiltonian. We ask how entangled the ground state of a FF quantum spin-s chain with nearest-neighbor interactions can be for small values of s. While FF spin-1/2 chains are known to have unentangled ground states, the case s=1 remains less explored. We propose the first example of a FF translation-invariant spin-1 chain that has a unique highly entangled ground state and exhibits some signatures of a critical behavior. The ground state can be viewed as the uniform superposition of balanced strings of left and right parentheses separated by empty spaces. Entanglement entropy of one half of the chain scales as log(n)/2 + O(1), where n is the number of spins. We prove that the energy gap above the ground state is polynomial in 1/n. The proof relies on a new result concerning statistics of Dyck paths which might be of independent interest.
Search for Non-Gaussian Signals in the BOOMERANG Maps: Pixel-Space Analysis (2002)

We search the BOOMERANG (Balloon Observations Of Millimetric Extragalactic Radiation ANd Geophysics) maps of the anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) for deviations from Gaussianity. In this Letter, we focus on analysis techniques in pixel space and compute skewness, kurtosis, and Minkowski functionals for the BOOMERANG maps and for Gaussian simulations of the CMB sky. We do not find any significant deviation from Gaussianity in the high galactic latitude section of the 150 GHz map. We do find deviations from Gaussianity at lower latitudes and at 410 GHz, and we ascribe them to Galactic dust contamination. Using non-Gaussian simulations of instrumental systematic effects, of foregrounds, and of sample non-Gaussian cosmological models, we set upper limits to the non-Gaussian component of the temperature field in the BOOMERANG maps. For fluctuations distributed as a 1 degree of freedom chi(2) mixed to the main Gaussian component, our upper limits are in the few percentile range.
Nonlinear absorption in indium arsenide (1997)

Using a free-electron laser source, we have studied the nonlinear absorption in indium arsenide at three representative wavelengths: 4.55, 5.06, and 6.30 \ensuremath{\mu}m. By measuring the temperature dependence of the two-photon-absorption (TPA) coefficient we have been able to discriminate between parabolic and nonparabolic band models of the TPA process. Using an extension of these methods we were also able to measure the free-carrier absorption induced by TPA and to demonstrate the importance of other higher-order absorption processes.
How People Use Their Vehicles: Statistics from the 2009 National Household Travel Survey (2012)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The 2009 U.S. National Household Travel Survey (NHTS) contains detailed data on individual vehicle trips. This paper demonstrates several useful statistics from the NHTS concerning how people use their vehicles, such as how far they drive, where they go, how long they stay, and their sequence of destinations. These statistics, in turn, are potentially useful for vehicle design, vehicle use simulation, navigation algorithms, interpreting GPS data, and the placement of electric vehicle charging stations.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Compact polarization-insensitive InGaAsP-InP 2 × 2 optical switch (2004)

We demonstrate a simple, compact, high-contrast ratio, and low-loss polarization-insensitive InGaAsP-InP 2 × 2 optical switch with an operational wavelength range from 1520 to 1580 nm. The switch is 1.3 mm long by 160 μm wide. The on-off contrast ratio is within (21/spl plusmn/2) dB over the temperature range from 16/spl deg/C to 64/spl deg/C, the polarization sensitivity is <2 dB, and the propagation loss is (3/spl plusmn/2) dB in both the ON and OFF states, making it potentially useful for optical cross-connects, delay lines, and add-drop multiplexers.
Hierarchical and Resilient Conductive Network of Bridged Carbon Nanotubes and Nanofibers for High-Energy Si Negative Electrodes (2009)

International audience
Putative DNA Quadruplex Formation within the Human c-kit Oncogene (2005)

The DNA sequence, d(AGGGAGGGCGCTGGGAGGAGGG), occurs within the promoter region of the c-kit oncogene. We show here, using a combination of NMR, circular dichroism, and melting temperature measurements, that this sequence forms a four-stranded quadruplex structure under physiological conditions. Variations in the sequences that intervene between the guanine tracts have been examined, and surprisingly, none of these modified sequences forms a quadruplex arrangement under these conditions. This suggests that the occurrence of quadruplex-forming sequences within the human and other genomes is less than was hitherto expected. The c-kit quadruplex may be a new target for therapeutic intervention in cancers where there is elevated expression of the c-kit gene.
Demonstration of Contention Resolution for Labeled Packets at 40 Gb/s Using Autonomous Optical Buffers (2009)

Contention resolution of labeled optical packets is demonstrated utilizing two packaged optical buffers. Forwarding and buffering decisions are autonomously determined for 40 Gb/s payloads from 10 Gb/s labels with greater than 99.9% packet recovery demonstrated.
Involvement of Cdk Inhibitor p21(WIP1/CIP1) in G2/M Arrest of Human Myeloid Leukemia U937 Cells by N-Methyl-N'-Nitro-N-Nitrosoguanidine (2009)

본 연구에서는 monofunctional alkylating agent인 N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) 에 의한 인체 백혈병 U937 세포의 증식억제에 관한 기전 확인하였다. MNNG에 의한 U937 세포의 증식억제는 세포주기 G2/M arrest 및 apoptosis 유방과 연관이 있었으며, MNNG 는 G2/M기 조절에 관여하는 주요 cyclin 및 Cdk들의 발현 수준에는 큰 영향이 없었으나 cyclin B1 및 Cdk2-associated kinase의 활성을 매우 저하시켰다. MNNG 처리로 Cdk inhibit p2l(WAF1/CIP1)이 전사 및 번역 수준에서 발연이 증가되었으며, p21 promoter 의 활성도 증가되었다. p21 promoter deletion constructs을 이용한 연구에서 MNNG의 responsive element 부위는 전사 개시 부위 113-61 부근임을 확인하였다. 이 결과들은 MNNG에 의한 cyclin/Cdk 복합체의 kinase 활성 저하가 p53 비의존적인 p21의 활성 증가에 기인한 것임을 보여주는 것이며, 이는 MNNG의 암세포에서의 항암기전을 이해하는 귀중한 자료로서 제공될 것으로 기대된다. In this paper, to elucidate the further mechanisms of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG)-induced growth arrest, we investigated the effect of MNNG on cell cycle and proliferation in U937 cells, a p53-null human myeloid leukemia cell line. It was found that MNNG causes an arrest at the G2/M phase of the cell cycle and induces apoptosis, which is closely correlated to inhibition of cyclin B1 and cyelin-dependent kinase (Cdk) 2-associated kinase activities. MNNG treatment in. creased protein and mRNA levels of the Cdk inhibitor p21(WAF1/CIP1), and activated the reporter construct of a p21 promoter. By using p21 promoter deletion constructs, the MNNG-responsive element was mapped to a region between 113 and 61 relative to the transcription start site. These data indicate that in U937 cells MNNG can circumvent the loss of wild-type p53 function and induce critical downstream regulatory events leading to transcriptional activation of p21. Present results indicate that the p53-independent up-regulation of p21 by MNNG is likely responsible for the inhibition of cyclin/Cdk complex kinase activity rather than the down-regulation of cyclins and Cdks expression. These novel phenomena have not been previously described and provide important new insights into the possible biological effects of MNNG.
Dimethyl-Labeling-Based Protein Quantification and Pathway Search: A Novel Method of Spinal Cord Analysis Applicable for Neurological Studies (2013)

In this paper we describe a simple, fast, and inexpensive approach for quantitative analysis of proteins originated from small central nervous system (CNS) samples, i.e., rat spinal cord. The presented sample preparation protocol and quantification results from isotope dimethyl labeling were statistically evaluated and approved as a reliable and robust method for animal model studies of neurological disorders. Combined with the biopathway analysis tool IPA, the method was applied for comparative analysis of proteins in the dorsal and ventral segments of the rat spinal cord. The results are in agreement with the previously published protein patterns in these tissues. A majority (73%) of proteins identified as "related with CNS development and functions" were found to be overexpressed in the dorsal section compared to the ventral segment. The pathway related to neuropathic pain was overrepresented in the dorsal tissue samples. The developed novel approach may be applied for analyses of the spinal cord mediated neurological dysfunctions and pathological pain.
Overlay metrology for low-k 1 : Challenges and solutions (2012)

Typical overlay metrology marks like Box-in-Box or Advanced-Imaging-Marks print surprisingly poor when exposed with extreme off-axis-illumination. This paper analyzes the root-cause for this behavior and establishes a method how to understand and predict the results of overlay metrology on resist. A simulation flow is presented which covers the lithographic exposure as well as the actual inspection of the resist profiles. This flow is then used to study the impact of scanner/process imperfections on the overlay measurements; both image-based and diffraction-based overlay metrology are covered. This helps to gain a deeper understanding of the critical parameters in the printing and inspection of overlay marks, and eventually develop and assess mark enhancement strategies for image-based overlay metrology such as chopping, or assess the benefit of diffraction-based overlay metrology. In parallel to the simulations, results of wafer exposures are presented which investigate various aspects of overlay metrology and validate our simulations.
Highly efficient and color tunable thermally activated delayed fluorescent emitters using a “twin emitter” molecular design (2015)

High efficiency and color tuning of thermally activated delayed fluorescent emitters were achieved at the same time by designing emitters with a twin emitter molecular design. The control of the interconnect position between two emitters could manage the emission spectrum of the thermally activated delayed fluorescent emitters without affecting the quantum efficiency.
Improvement in ferroelectricity and breakdown voltage of over 20-nm-thick HfxZr1−xO2/ZrO2 bilayer by atomic layer deposition (2020)

The ferroelectricity of metal–ferroelectric–metal capacitors with a ferroelectric HfxZr1−xO2/ZrO2 (HZO/ZO) bilayer thicker than 20 nm formed by atomic layer deposition and postdeposition annealing at 600 °C was investigated. The HZO/ZO capacitors exhibited a higher remanent polarization (2Pr = Pr+ − Pr−) and breakdown voltage (Vbd) than capacitors with a HfxZr1−xO2 (HZO) single layer. In particular, a HZO (15 nm)/ZO(10 nm) (HZ15Z10) capacitor exhibited excellent Vbd and 2Pr values of 6.7 V and 14 μC/cm2, respectively, which are much higher than those (4.3 V and 10 μC/cm2, respectively) for a HZO (15 nm) (HZ15) capacitor. The HZ15Z10 capacitor also exhibited higher endurance, a smaller wake-up effect (∼5%), and superior fatigue properties up to 108 switching cycles, compared to a HZ15 capacitor, which exhibited a large wake-up effect (∼15%) and large 2Pr degradation at 108 cycles. The wake-up behavior is attributed to domain depinning mainly related to the redistribution of oxygen vacancies and transformation from the nonferroelectric phase to the ferroelectric orthorhombic (O) phase during field cycling. The HZO/ZO bilayer grew a larger grain size with the ZO nucleation layer, which is twice as large as that of the HZO single layer, and the former structure exhibited more stable bulk-like ferroelectricity. Although the ferroelectric O phase in HZO decreased with increasing HZO thickness, the HZO/ZO structure had a larger fraction of the O phase than the HZO structure. Considering the manufacturing process of ferroelectric devices, these thick HZO/ZO bilayers are promising ferroelectric materials.
Shot Based Pre-Processing Solutions for a WATS Survey – An Example from a Field Trial in Green Canyon – Gulf of Mexico (2007)

C014 Shot Based Pre-Processing Solutions for a WATS Survey – An Example from a Field Trial in Green Canyon – Gulf of Mexico M. Magesan (CGGVeritas) J.-C. Ferran* (CGGVeritas) S. Kaculini (CGGVeritas) C.J. Faulkner (CGGVeritas) P. Herrmann (CGGVeritas) A. Pica (CGGVeritas) G. Poole (CGGVeritas) &amp; S. Le Roy (CGGVeritas) SUMMARY In July 2006 a 3D Wide Azimuth Towed Streamer (WATS) field trial was carried out in a deep water area of Green Canyon in the Gulf of Mexico. The purpose was to provide insight into the potential problems and complexities of such seismic datasets and to challenge conventional and newly
Design and Expected Performance of a Thermal Neutron Imaging Facility at the NC State University PULSTAR Reactor (2006)

A thermal neutron imaging facility has been set up at the North Carolina State University PULSTAR reactor. The PULSTAR is an open pool type light water moderated 1-MWth research reactor with six beam tubes. The present facility is set up on beam tube # 5 of the reactor. The facility is intended to have radiographic and tomographic capabilities. The design of the neutron collimator was performed using MCNP5. The collimator includes a 4-inch bismuth filter followed by a 6-inch single-crystal sapphire filter. Thermal neutron scattering cross-section libraries for sapphire and bismuth were generated and used in the MCNP simulation of the system. Based on the current design, the L/D of the facility ranges between 100 and 150. The neutron flux can be varied from 1.8times10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> to 7times10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> n/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> -sec with a Cd-ratio of ~450. The resolution of the system for different imaging media was also estimated and found to be ~30 mum for conventional radiography films and ~110 mum for digital image plates. Initial radiographs using film and image plates are presented. According to ASTM standards, the imaging facility achieves a beam quality classification of I <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">A</sup>
Polymeric-waveguide-based integrated optical signal processing circuits (2004)

All-Optical signal processing and routing avoid the optical-to-electrical and electrical-to-optical conversions and thus eliminates the bandwidth constrains set by conventional electronics technologies. It will form key building blocks for the next generation ultra-high speed and dynamic multi-casting optical networks. Polymer waveguide based photonics integrated circuits are promising in achieving high-performance optical signal processing circuits due to their large Electro-optic/thermo-optic coefficients and structure flexibility. In this paper, design examples such as dynamic channel equalizer, optical CDMA encoder and matched filter are analyzed. Simulation results are presented.
Minimum-congestion hypergraph embedding in a cycle (1997)

The minimum-congestion hypergraph embedding in a cycle (MCHEC) problem is to embed the n edges in an m-vertex hypergraph as paths in a cycle on the same number of vertices, such that congestion-the maximum number of paths that use any single edge in the cycle-is minimized. The MCHEC problem has applications in electronic design automation and parallel computing. In this paper, it is proven that the MCHEC problem is NP-complete. An O((nm)/sup k+1/) algorithm is described that computes an embedding with congestion k or determines that such an embedding does not exist. Finally, a linear-time approximation algorithm for arbitrary instances is presented that computes an embedding whose congestion is at most three times optimal.
Perspective: The future of quantum dot photonic integrated circuits (2018)

Direct epitaxial integration of III-V materials on Si offers substantial manufacturing cost and scalability advantages over heterogeneous integration. The challenge is that epitaxial growth introduces high densities of crystalline defects that limit device performance and lifetime. Quantum dot lasers, amplifiers, modulators, and photodetectors epitaxially grown on Si are showing promise for achieving low-cost, scalable integration with silicon photonics. The unique electrical confinement properties of quantum dots provide reduced sensitivity to the crystalline defects that result from III-V/Si growth, while their unique gain dynamics show promise for improved performance and new functionalities relative to their quantum well counterparts in many devices. Clear advantages for using quantum dot active layers for lasers and amplifiers on and off Si have already been demonstrated, and results for quantum dot based photodetectors and modulators look promising. Laser performance on Si is improving rapidly with continuous-wave threshold currents below 1 mA, injection efficiencies of 87%, and output powers of 175 mW at 20 °C. 1500-h reliability tests at 35 °C showed an extrapolated mean-time-to-failure of more than ten million hours. This represents a significant stride toward efficient, scalable, and reliable III-V lasers on on-axis Si substrates for photonic integrate circuits that are fully compatible with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) foundries.
Halogenated Pyrrolopyrimidines with Low MIC on Staphylococcus aureus and Synergistic Effects with an Antimicrobial Peptide (2022)

Currently, there is a world-wide rise in antibiotic resistance causing burdens to individuals and public healthcare systems. At the same time drug development is lagging behind. Therefore, finding new ways of treating bacterial infections either by identifying new agents or combinations of drugs is of utmost importance. Additionally, if combination therapy is based on agents with different modes of action, resistance is less likely to develop. The synthesis of 21 fused pyrimidines and a structure-activity relationship study identified two 6-aryl-7<i>H</i>-pyrrolo [2,3-<i>d</i>] pyrimidin-4-amines with potent activity towards <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>. The MIC-value was found to be highly dependent on a bromo or iodo substitution in the 4-benzylamine group and a hydroxyl in the <i>meta</i> or <i>para</i> position of the 6-aryl unit. The most active bromo and iodo derivatives had MIC of 8 mg/L. Interestingly, the most potent compounds experienced a four-fold lower MIC-value when they were combined with the antimicrobial peptide betatide giving MIC of 1-2 mg/L. The front runner bromo derivative also has a low activity towards 50 human kinases, including thymidylate monophosphate kinase, a putative antibacterial target.
Temperature Stabilized MEMS Capacitor for Inertial Sensing Application (2019)

This paper presents a proposed method to stabilize the open loop scale factor of a gyroscope against environmental effects (particularly temperature variation) with experimental results. This is achieved by applying electronic feedback to control the DC bias across a MEMS capacitor that is to be used in the gyroscope charge sensing amplifier, thereby stabilizing against temperature variations. In this work, a MEMS cantilever capacitor design was used, and the capacitance change was differentially sensed through two pads located underneath the MEMS cantilever beam. A controlled DC bias voltage was then applied to electrostatically return the capacitance to its initial value. Results show that differential changes in capacitance may accurately sense down to 10s of ppm.
Phase sensitive heterodyne receivers with SIS quasiparticle mixers (1989)

It is noted that it is possible to operate a mixer as a phase-sensitive linear amplifier by pumping with two local oscillators (LOs) separated in frequency by twice the IF (intermediate frequency) and symmetrically located about the signal frequency. In principle a phase-sensitive amplifier can detect a signal without adding any noise. The authors present a formalism developed to describe two-LO mixers, and extend the quantum mixer theory to calculate expressions for the gain and noise of a two-LO mixer. The full quantum mechanical formulation used here enables an analysis of the mixer noise for general input states, for example, a squeezed state. It is demonstrated that a two-LO mixer is phase-sensitive. The results are pertinent to the design of phase-sensitive heterodyne receivers with SIS (superconductor-insulator-superconductor) quasiparticle mixers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Flexible ISFET Biosensor Using IGZO Metal Oxide TFTs and an ITO Sensing Layer (2014)

This letter presents the fabrication details and measured performance of a prototype flexible extended-gate ion-sensitive field effect transistor (ISFET) biosensor, manufactured using a metal oxide indium-gallium-zinc oxide thin film transistor and an indium-tin oxide sensing layer on a 125- μm thick flexible plastic substrate. ISFET drain current was shown to respond correctly to the pH buffer concentration with repeatable pH sensitivity observed over multiple cycles. These results demonstrate the initial viability of directly extending flexible plastic substrate organic light emitting diode display technology to the production of low-cost, plastic ISFET biosensors.
Investigation of the role of hydrophilic chain length in amphiphilic perfluoropolyether/poly(ethylene glycol) networks: towards high-performance antifouling coatings (2011)

The facile preparation of amphiphilic network coatings having a hydrophobic dimethacryloxy-functionalized perfluoropolyether (PFPE-DMA; M(w) = 1500 g mol(-1)) crosslinked with hydrophilic monomethacryloxy functionalized poly(ethylene glycol) macromonomers (PEG-MA; M(w) = 300, 475, 1100 g mol(-1)), intended as non-toxic high-performance marine coatings exhibiting antifouling characteristics is demonstrated. The PFPE-DMA was found to be miscible with the PEG-MA. Photo-cured blends of these materials containing 10 wt% of PEG-MA oligomers did not swell significantly in water. PFPE-DMA crosslinked with the highest molecular weight PEG oligomer (ie PEG1100) deterred settlement (attachment) of algal cells and cypris larvae of barnacles compared to a PFPE control coating. Dynamic mechanical analysis of these networks revealed a flexible material. Preferential segregation of the PEG segments at the polymer/air interface resulted in enhanced antifouling performance. The cured amphiphilic PFPE/PEG films showed decreased advancing and receding contact angles with increasing PEG chain length. In particular, the PFPE/PEG1100 network had a much lower advancing contact angle than static contact angle, suggesting that the PEG1100 segments diffuse to the polymer/water interface quickly. The preferential interfacial aggregation of the larger PEG segments enables the coating surface to have a substantially enhanced resistance to settlement of spores of the green seaweed Ulva, cells of the diatom Navicula and cypris larvae of the barnacle Balanus amphitrite as well as low adhesion of sporelings (young plants) of Ulva, adhesion being lower than to a polydimethyl elastomer, Silastic T2.