gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pulse Induced Nanolithography of Graphite in H2O: A Road to Chemical Linkages to the Surface? (1991)

The effects of tip‐sample bias pulses while within tunneling distances have been investigated for graphite surfaces in contact with dry fluids, fluids containing water, and liquid water. In dry ambients, no surface modifications were observed at pulse voltages in excess of ±10 V. In fluids containing water, bias pulses exceeding a threshold voltage produced pits in the graphite surface, but the threshold voltage exhibited daily fluctuations of as much as 5 V. At the threshold for surface modification, a typical pit was found to have a diameter of approximately 30 Å and was 3 Å in depth. The diameter and depth of the pits increased with pulse amplitude above the observed threshold. In pure water, a reproducible bias pulse threshold of 4.0±0.2 V was observed, and such pulses yielded dome‐like features on the surface. The domed features were found to have a diameter of ∼7 Å and were ∼1.5 Å high. Bias pulses greater than 4.0 V were found to produce pits of approximately the same diameter as those produced in humid gases. Although little is known at present about the chemical structure of the domed features, their conversion into pits with subsequent bias pulses of only 0.2 V suggests that they are structural intermediates in the pit formation process. This hypothesis implies that the domed features may be vulnerable to chemical attack; consequently, the domes may present a viable route to the localized, designed, chemical functionalization of a graphite surface.
DeVita, Hellman, and Rosenberg's cancer : principles & practice of oncology (2011)

DeVita, Hellman, and Rosenberg's Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 10e - Libros de Medicina - Oncologia general - 250,00
Chip-to-Chip Interconnect for 8-Socket Direct Connectivity Using 25Gb/s O-Band Integrated Transceiver and Routing Circuits (2018)

We present an O-band Chip-to-Chip Interconnect for 8-socket direct connectivity exploiting a Si-based Ring Modulator and a packaged PD-TIA connected over a Si-based 8×8 AWGR routing module. Eight routing scenarios are experimentally demonstrated at 25Gb/s revealing error-free operation.
Direct observation of amorphous to crystalline phase transitions in nanoparticle arrays of phase change materials (2007)

We have used time-resolved x-ray diffraction to study the amorphous-crystalline phase transition in 20–80nm particles of the phase change materials Ge2Sb2Te5, nitrogen-doped Ge2Sb2Te5, Ge15Sb85, Sb2Te, and Sb2Te doped with Ag and In. We find that all samples undergo the phase transition with crystallization temperatures close to those of similarly prepared blanket films of the same materials with the exception of Sb2Te that shows the transition at a temperature that is about 40°C higher than that of blanket films. Some of the nanoparticles show a difference in crystallographic texture compared to thick films. Large area arrays of these nanoparticles were fabricated using electron-beam lithography, keeping the sample temperatures well below the crystallization temperatures so as to produce particles that were entirely in the amorphous phase. The observation that particles with diameters as small as 20nm can still undergo this phase transition indicates that phase change solid-state memory technology should scale to these dimensions.
Towards 3D Human Pose Estimation in the Wild: A Weakly-Supervised Approach (2017)

In this paper, we study the task of 3D human pose estimation in the wild. This task is challenging due to lack of training data, as existing datasets are either in the wild images with 2D pose or in the lab images with 3D pose.,, We propose a weakly-supervised transfer learning method that uses mixed 2D and 3D labels in a unified deep neutral network that presents two-stage cascaded structure. Our network augments a state-of-the-art 2D pose estimation sub-network with a 3D depth regression sub-network. Unlike previous two stage approaches that train the two sub-networks sequentially and separately, our training is end-to-end and fully exploits the correlation between the 2D pose and depth estimation sub-tasks. The deep features are better learnt through shared representations. In doing so, the 3D pose labels in controlled lab environments are transferred to in the wild images. In addition, we introduce a 3D geometric constraint to regularize the 3D pose prediction, which is effective in the absence of ground truth depth labels. Our method achieves competitive results on both 2D and 3D benchmarks.
Data from Proteogenomics Uncovers a Vast Repertoire of Shared Tumor-Specific Antigens in Ovarian Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC), the principal cause of death from gynecologic malignancies in the world, has not significantly benefited from advances in cancer immunotherapy. Although HGSC infiltration by lymphocytes correlates with superior survival, the nature of antigens that can elicit anti-HGSC immune responses is unknown. The goal of this study was to establish the global landscape of HGSC tumor-specific antigens (TSA) using a mass spectrometry pipeline that interrogated all reading frames of all genomic regions. In 23 HGSC tumors, we identified 103 TSAs. Classic TSA discovery approaches focusing only on mutated exonic sequences would have uncovered only three of these TSAs. Other mutated TSAs resulted from out-of-frame exonic translation (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 2) or from noncoding sequences (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 7). One group of TSAs (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 91) derived from aberrantly expressed unmutated genomic sequences, which were not expressed in normal tissues. These aberrantly expressed TSAs (aeTSA) originated primarily from nonexonic sequences, in particular intronic (29%) and intergenic (22%) sequences. Their expression was regulated at the transcriptional level by variations in gene copy number and DNA methylation. Although mutated TSAs were unique to individual tumors, aeTSAs were shared by a large proportion of HGSCs. Taking into account the frequency of aeTSA expression and HLA allele frequencies, we calculated that, in Caucasians, the median number of aeTSAs per tumor would be five. We conclude that, in view of their number and the fact that they are shared by many tumors, aeTSAs may be the most attractive targets for HGSC immunotherapy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
PRECLINICAL EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS AND PHARMACOLOGY (2011)

Temozolomide (TMZ) provides significant benefits in the treatment of malignant glioma, but many patients continue to suffer from progressive or recurrent disease because of the intrinsic or acquired resistance of their tumors to TMZ. In this study, we employed proteomic profiling to study changes in global protein expression in TMZ-resistant malignant glioma cells. We also investigated the potential role of one of the protein candidates, prolyl 4-hydroxylase, beta polypeptide (P4HB), that may be involved in the development of acquired TMZ resistance. Human malignant glioma cell lines (D54 and U87) with acquired TMZ resistance were first developed, and their biological behaviors were characterized before protein profiling analysis using 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Potential protein spot candidates were identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF. Transient transfection with small interfering RNAs was used to knock down potential candidates to study their biological roles. Our results revealed 15 protein spots that were highly upregulated or downregulated proteins in TMZ-resistant glioma cells. Among these, the protein P4HB was found to be consistently dysregulated in TMZ-resistant D54 sublines when compared to control sublines. Dysregulated expression of P4HB was also confirmed in U87 cells. Transient knockdown of P4HB expression was found to resensitize TMZ-resistant cells to subsequent treatment with TMZ. P4HB is known to play an important role in hypoxia-induced cell death. To our knowledge, this study is the first to describe the roles of P4HB in the regulation of TMZ-induced apoptosis in malignant glioma cells and in the development of acquired TMZ resistance. P4HB is a potential candidate for future investigations of TMZ-induced cytotoxicity and novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of TMZ-resistant malignant glioma.
Spatio-temporal fisher vector coding for surveillance event detection (2013)

We present a generic event detection system evaluated in the Surveillance Event Detection (SED) task of TRECVID 2012. We investigate a statistical approach with spatio-temporal features applied to seven event classes, which were defined by the SED task. This approach is based on local spatio-temporal descriptors, called MoSIFT and generated by pair-wise video frames. A Gaussian Mixture Model(GMM) is learned to model the distribution of the low level features. Then for each sliding window, the Fisher vector encoding [improvedFV] is used to generate the sample representation. The model is learnt using a Linear SVM for each event. The main novelty of our system is the introduction of Fisher vector encoding into video event detection. Fisher vector encoding has demonstrated great success in image classification. The key idea is to model the low level visual features as a Gaussian Mixture Model and to generate an intermediate vector representation for bag of features. FV encoding uses higher order statistics in place of histograms in the standard BoW. FV has several good properties: (a) it can naturally separate the video specific information from the noisy local features and (b) we can use a linear model for this representation. We build an efficient implementation for FV encoding which can attain a 10 times speed-up over real-time. We also take advantage of non-trivial object localization techniques to feed into the video event detection, e.g. multi-scale detection and non-maximum suppression. This approach outperformed the results of all other teams submissions in TRECVID SED 2012 on four of the seven event types.
Supplementary Data 3 from Adoptive Transfer of Autologous T Cells Improves T-cell Repertoire Diversity and Long-term B-cell Function in Pediatric Patients with Neuroblastoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 209K, B cell maturation was defined by flow cytometry&lt;/p&gt;
P1–088: Immunotherapy using a novel anti–beta–amyloid 11–40/42 antibody in Tg2576 mice (2006)

Although the role of full–length peptides Aβ40 and Aβ42 has been extensively studied, the role of various truncated forms is less understood. One particular truncated form of Aβ, Aβ11–40/42, results from the further cleavage of the Aβ by BACE1 at position 11 and is found to be increased in biological samples from AD patients with the Swedish mutation in APP (APP670/671KM→NL). It has been demonstrated that oligomeric forms of full–length Aβ1–40/42 have a greater toxic effect on neurons than monomeric species. Due to increased hydrophobicity, Aβ11–40/42 fragments may aggregate even more readily, and hence be a potentially toxic form of Aβ. Using a novel monoclonal antibody specific to Aβ11–40/42 (JRF/hAb11/1), we examined whether targeting this fragment specifically would have any therapeutic effect in Tg2576 mice. Tg2576 transgenic mice were exposed to a chronic dosing regimen: JRF/hAb11/1 antibody or PBS was administered intraperitoneally, once a week, starting at the age of 6 months until 20 months. We measured levels of Aβ11–40/42 in brain and plasma samples after treatment. The brains were also analyzed histologically for plaque deposition. Behavior tests, such as Y–maze and holeboard, were conducted to monitor cognitive function in these mice. Antibody–amyloid peptide interactions were characterized biophysically by surface plasmon resonance (SPR). After treatment with JRF/hAb11/1, we observed increased plasma levels of both full length and truncated forms of Aβ. Interestingly, mild improvements in cognitive function were observed during times when Aβ levels are known to increase in this mouse model. JRF/hAb11/1 is a novel antibody that demonstrates specificity to the beta–amyloid fragment Aβ11–40/42. Peripheral administration of this antibody in Tg2576 mice demonstrated a mild improvement in cognitive function during times of active Aβ deposition. In vitro studies suggest that this antibody may be used to monitor progress or development of beta–amyloid fibril maturation.
Surface layer of SrRuO3 epitaxial thin films under oxidizing and reducing conditions (2007)

Imperfect stoichiometry and heterogeneity of a surface layer of SrRuO3 epitaxial thin films, grown on SrTiO3 substrates, are presented with the help of various methods. Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), and time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry are used to obtain information about the stoichiometry and uniformity of the SrRuO3 structure. The temperature of chemical decomposition is first determined for polycrystalline samples under different conditions using thermogravimetry analysis. Then the determined values are used for thin film annealings in high and low oxygen pressure ambients, namely, air, vacuum, and hydrogen. The surface deterioration of the thin film together with changes in its electronic structure is investigated. O1s and Sr3d core lines measured by XPS for as-made samples obviously consist of multiple components indicating different chemical surroundings of atoms. Thanks to different incident beam angle measurements it is possible to distinguish between interior and surface components. Valence band spectra of the interior of the film are consistent with theoretical calculations. After annealing, the ratio of the different components changes drastically. Stoichiometry near the surface changes, mostly due to ruthenium loss (RuOX) or a segregation process. The width and position of the Ru3p line for as-made samples suggest a mixed oxidation state from metallic to fully oxidized. Long annealing in hydrogen or vacuum ambient leads to a complete reduction of ruthenium to the metallic state. Local conductivity atomic force microscopy scans reveal the presence of nonconductive adsorbates incorporated in the surface region of the film. Charge transport in these measurements shows a tunneling character. Scanning tunneling microscopy scans show some loose and mobile adsorbates on the surface, likely containing hydroxyls. These results suggest that an adequate description of a SrRuO3 thin film should take into account imperfections and high reactivity of its surface region.
Chemistry in hydrogen fluoride. Preparation of aromatic amides and thioamides (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemistry in hydrogen fluoride. Preparation of aromatic amides and thioamidesAndrew E. FeiringCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1976, 41, 1, 148–149Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00863a035https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00863a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views176Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Using Caenorhabditis elegans to probe toxicity of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride based ionic liquids (2004)

Ionic liquids are gaining attention as new solvents within the green chemistry community; however this attention has quickly outstripped current environmental and toxicological data available. In the present communication, we establish the use of Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism for inexpensively and quickly exploring toxicological effects of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ionic liquids.
ChemInform Abstract: Spontaneous Cyclization of the Aspartic Acid Side Chain to the Succinimide Derivative. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Violet Laser Diode Enables Lighting Communication (2017)

Violet laser diode (VLD) based white-light source with high color rendering index (CRI) for lighting communication is implemented by covering with Y<sub>3</sub>Al<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub>:Ce<sup>3+</sup> (YAG:Ce) or Lu<sub>3</sub>Al<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub>:Ce<sup>3+</sup>/CaAlSiN<sub>3</sub>:Eu<sup>2+</sup> (LuAG:Ce/CASN:Eu) phosphorous diffuser plates. After passing the beam of VLD biased at 70 mA (~2I <sub>th</sub> ) through the YAG:Ce phosphorous diffuser, a daylight with a correlated color temperature (CCT) of 5068 K and a CRI of 65 is acquired to provide a forward error correction (FEC) certified data rate of 4.4 Gbit/s. By using the VLD biased at 122 mA (~3.5I <sub>th</sub> ) to excite the LuAG:Ce/CASN:Eu phosphorous diffuser with 0.85-mm thickness, a warm white-light source with a CCT of 2700 K and a CRI of 87.9 is obtained at a cost of decreasing transmission capacity to 2.4 Gbit/s. Thinning the phosphor thickness to 0.75 mm effectively reduces the required bias current by 32 mA to achieve the same CCT for the delivered white light, which offers an enlarged CRI of 89.1 and an increased data rate of 4.4 Gbit/s. Further enlarging the bias current to 105 mA remains the white-light transmission capacity at 4.4 Gbit/s but reveals an increased CCT of 3023 K and an upgraded CRI of 91.5.
Development of fish‐like robot with elastic fin (2011)

Purpose Underwater robots are one of the effective solutions for underwater exploration. Fish's swimming motion is more effective and efficient than propeller screw propulsion which is more popular for underwater vehicles. So far, a lot of fish‐like robots that have several actuated joints have been developed. They realize arbitrary motion by controlling the joint angles simultaneously. On the other hand, using an elastic fin may reduce the number of actuated joints and the total energy consumption. The purpose of this paper is to develop a fish‐like robot driven by a single actuator with an elastic tail fin. Design/methodology/approach Since an elastic plate appropriately bends due to the interaction to the surrounding fluid, a robot with the elastic fin can swim smoothly even though it has only a single actuated joint. However, in order to improve the swimming performances, it is required to optimize the shape of fin (width, thickness, distribution, etc.). Although computational fluid dynamics technique is one of the methods to assess the effectiveness of a certain shape of fin, it may take longer to obtain the results. Therefore, in this study, a simplified simulator is constructed and a better shape of fin is explored. Findings Four types of fin shape were prepared and the swimming experiments were conducted. The swimming velocity changed according to the frequency and the shape of fin. In order to find the optimal shape of fin, the simulator of five‐link model surrounded by fluid is constructed. The differences of velocity can be found according to the parameters of fin shape. The simulation showed the similar trend as the experiments although the absolute values of velocity did not correspond. It is thought that the developed simulator can estimate the relative performance of fins. Originality/value Most fish robots that have been developed so far consist of rigid links and multi‐actuated joints, which can realize arbitrary motion by controlling the joint angles simultaneously. On the other hand, using an elastic plate as a tail fin may reduce the number of actuated joints and the total energy consumption although it is not easy to realize arbitrary attitude. In this paper, a fish‐like robot driven by a single actuator with an elastic tail fin was developed. This technique makes the mechanism of a fish‐like robot simple.
Enabling Lower Energy Light Harvesting in Stilbene-Based Photomechanical Polymers via Triplet Sensitization (2022)

Photoresponsive polymers, typically activated with direct excitation of an azobenzene moiety, are an intriguing class of materials for application as adaptive structures. Here, we introduce triplet excited state sensitization as a mechanism to harness light in a stilbene-based photopolymer (i.e., the carbon analogue of azobenzene). While the undoped film shows no response, the sensitized film exhibits polarization dependent bending under 445 nm irradiation via (1) sensitizer excitation, (2) triplet energy transfer, (3) stilbene isomerization, and (4) subunit reorientation. This work is the first to demonstrate stilbene-based photopolymers and triplet sensitization as a low energy light harvesting mechanism in photomechanics.
Catalytic Desulfurization of Carbon Black on a Platinum Oxide Electrode (1999)

Organically bound sulfur is a common impurity in carbon blacks, such as vulcanized carbon and coal. Whereas this organosulfur is usually removed by heating to high temperatures, we describe a low-temperature method to desulfurize solid carbon via oxidation (ultimately to SO42-) on a Pt catalyst in oxygenated aqueous media. The reaction is monitored on Vulcan carbon, which is the favored support for the Pt catalysts used in fuel-cell electrodes but which has a high concentration (nominally 5000 ppm) of organosulfur. Vulcan carbon is electrodesulfurized by dispersing it in a heated, dilute HNO3 electrolyte where it can physically contact a Pt mesh anode that is maintained as Pt oxide. After 40−180 min of electrolysis in oxygenated solution at +1.0 V versus Pd/H, sulfate is present in the electrolyte (as measured by precipitation of BaSO4). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of the dried, electrodesulfurized carbon shows that ∼30% of the near-surface organosulfur is removed. The remaining sulfur presumably does not react because it does not physically contact the hydrous platinum oxide (PtOxHy) at the electrode surface. Minimal desulfurization occurs at 0.2 V versus Pd/H, when the Pt mesh surface is composed of Pt0. These electrochemical results show that oxidized Pt is the catalyst necessary for oxidative desulfurization. In deoxygenated solution, electrodesulfurization still occurs for electrolyses at +1.0 V versus Pd/H, but SO42- is not generated, indicating that SO2 is the partial oxidation product. The surface area and total oxygen content of the carbon are unaffected by the electrodesulfurization process. This simple, low-temperature method for desulfurization should be applicable to other forms of solid carbon containing organosulfur moieties.