gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nanoscale spatial resolution probes for scanning thermal microscopy of solid state materials (2012)

Scanning thermal microscopy (SThM) uses micromachined thermal sensors integrated in a force sensing cantilever with a nanoscale tip that can be highly useful for exploration of thermal management of nanoscale semiconductor devices as well as mapping of surface and subsurface properties of related materials. Whereas SThM is capable to image externally generated heat with nanoscale resolution, its ability to map and measure thermal conductivity of materials has been mainly limited to polymers or similar materials possessing low thermal conductivity in the range from 0.1 to 1 W m−1 K−1, with lateral resolution on the order of 1 μm. In this paper, we use linked experimental and theoretical approaches to analyse thermal performance and sensitivity of the micromachined SThM probes in order to expand their applicability to a broader range of nanostructures from polymers to semiconductors and metals. We develop physical models of interlinked thermal and electrical phenomena in these probes and their interaction with the sample on the mesoscopic length scale of few tens of nm and then validate these models using experimental measurements of the real probes, which provided the basis for analysing SThM performance in exploration of nanostructures. Our study then highlights critical features of these probes, namely, the geometrical location of the thermal sensor with respect to the probe apex, thermal conductance of the probe to the support base, heat conduction to the surrounding gas, and the thermal conductivity of tip material adjacent to the apex. It furthermore allows us to propose a novel design of the SThM probe that incorporates a multiwall carbon nanotube or similar high thermal conductivity graphene sheet material with longitudinal dimensions on micrometre length scale positioned near the probe apex that can provide contact areas with the sample on the order of few tens of nm. The new sensor is predicted to provide greatly improved spatial resolution to thermal properties of nanostructures as well as to expand the sensitivity of the SThM probe to materials with heat conductivity values up to 100–1000 W m−1 K−1.
Torque Feedback Used to Cure Slip-Stick Motion (1988)

Abstract A novel idea to control the rotary speed incorporates the torque signal, in addition to the speed signal, to produce a more uniform motion of the drillstring. This method is easily incorporated into existing equipment used to control the rotary speed. We have tested this control system on a full-scale research drilling rig and have demonstrated that such a system can stop slip-stick motion and prevent it from starting. As an additional benefit, such a control system leads to smoother rotation of the bit which can lead to a reduction in axial and lateral vibrations of the drillstring. In this paper we present the theoretical basis behind such a system and give an example of the experimental results.
Abstract 1874: Circumferential and Radial Left Ventricular Mechanics in Elderly Canines with Hypertensive Heart Disease (2007)

Introduction: Cross-sectional studies in patient with hypertensive heart disease (HHD) and heart failure with normal ejection fraction (HFnlEF) suggested impairment of longitudinal myocardial mechanics as assessed by tissue Doppler imaging. It has been suggested that enhanced circumferential, and/or radial LV mechanics or LV remodeling compensates for depression in longitudinal function and thus, preserves EF in HHD or HFnlEF. Hypothesis : We hypothesized that if longitudinal performance is depressed, whether due to increased afterload or to intrinsic myocardial dysfunction, circumferential and radial LV mechanics would also be effected. To test this hypothesis, we used an aged canine model of hypertension. Methods: Elderly dogs (n=22) underwent bilateral renal wrapping to induce hypertension. 2D echocardiography (mid-short axis views) was performed before and 8 weeks after renal wrapping; peak radial (PR) and peak circumferential (PC) regional strains were measured by speckle tracking averaging data from 6 segments. Ejection fraction (EF), LV mass index (LVMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and circumferential wall stress (CWS) were assessed as well. Results : See table . PR correlated with PC (r=0.65), EF (r=0.67), LWMI (r=0.71) and CWS (r=0.58) (p&lt;0.005 for all). PC correlated also with EF (r=0.60), LWMI (r=0.49) and CWS (r=0.48) (p&lt;0.01 for all). The relationship between EF and CWS (r 2 =0.64, p&lt;0.001) was modified by the addition of either PC (r 2 =0.74, p for PC =0.005) or PR strain(r 2 =0.69, p for PR =0.04). Conclusions : These data show that development of hypertension with LV hypertrophy does not enhance but impairs circumferential and radial LV mechanics as assessed with strain imaging, and that like EF, circumferential and radial strain are related to afterload (wall stress). However, both confer additional information regarding contractility. Conclusions regarding myocardial function based on strain imaging must account for its load dependence.
Scavenger Receptor A Mediates the Clearance and Immunological Screening of MDA-Modified Antigen by M2-Type Macrophages (2017)

In this study, we investigated the uptake of malondialdehyde (MDA)-modified myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) in the context of lipid peroxidation and its implications in CNS autoimmunity. The use of custom-produced fluorescently labeled versions of MOG or MDA-modified MOG enabled us to study and quantify the uptake by different macrophage populations and to identify the responsible receptor, namely SRA. The SRA-mediated uptake of MDA-modified MOG is roughly tenfold more efficient compared to that of the native form. Notably, this uptake is most strongly associated with anti-inflammatory M2-type macrophages. MDA-modified MOG was demonstrated to be resistant to degradation by lysine-dependent proteases in vitro, but the overall digestion fragments appeared to be similar in cell lysates, although their relative abundance appeared to be altered as a result of faster uptake. Accordingly, MDA-modified MOG is processed for presentation by APCs, allowing maximized recall proliferation of MOG<sub>35-55</sub>-specific 2D2 T cells in vitro due to higher uptake. However, MDA modification of MOG did not enhance immune priming or disease course in the in vivo MOG-EAE model, but did induce antibody responses to both MOG and MDA adducts. Taken together our results indicate that MDA adducts primarily constitute clearance signals for phagocytes and promote rapid removal of antigen, which is subjected to immunological screening by previously licensed T cells.
Diels‐Alder polymers. III. Polymers containing phenylated phenylene units (1967)

Abstract The Diels‐Alder reaction of biscyclopentadieneones with diacetylenes produces colorless, soluble, phenylated polyphenylenes of high molecular weight (M̄ n ≃ 40,000) in nearly quantitative conversions. The polymers are noncrystalline, form clear films, and are stable in air to 550°C. Under nitrogen, the polymers lost approximately half the phenyl groups attached to the phenylene main chain to give brown‐black insoluble polyphenylenes of very low crystallinity.
Using Non-Orthogonal Multiplexing for In-Band Full-Duplex Backhaul for 5G Broadcasting (2018)

Delivering broadcast-type services is one of the main use cases defined for the next generation 5G system. To deliver robust mobile broadcast services, single-frequency-network (SFN) is preferred due to the inherent spatial diversity. However, each SFN transmitter requires a backhaul link, which results in high infrastructure cost, especially for small cell networks with large number of transmitters. This paper proposes a cost-efficient in-band full-duplex backhaul solution using power-based non-orthogonal multiplexing technology (P-NOM). In the proposed solution, the backhaul data and mobile services are transmitted in different signal layers in a P-NOM system at the same time and using the same spectrum. In order to achieve SFN operation, careful timing control on the backhaul and service transmissions is designed. When comparing to in-band backhaul solutions using orthogonal multiplexing (OM) technologies, the proposed P-NOM based technology achieves higher spectrum efficiency and network scalability. In addition, the proposed technology can be directly applied for backhaul transmission in mixed unicast and broadcast delivery, which is a desired feature for 5G to achieve more efficient use of spectrum.
Observation of heavy- and light-hole split direct bandgap photoluminescence from tensile-strained GeSn (0.03% Sn) (2014)

Temperature- (T-) and laser power-dependent photoluminescence (PL) measurements have been made for the tensile-strained, undoped GeSn (0.03% Sn) film grown on Si substrate. The PL results show not only clear strain-split direct bandgap transitions to the light-hole (LH) and heavy-hole (HH) bands at energies of 0.827 and 0.851 eV at 10 K, respectively, but also clearly show both strong direct and indirect bandgap related PL emissions at almost all temperatures, which are rarely observed. This split of PL emissions can be directly observed only at low T and moderate laser power, and the two PL peaks merge into one broad PL peak at room temperature, which is mainly due to the HH PL emission rather than LH transition. The evolution of T-dependent PL results also clearly show the competitive nature between the direct and indirect bandgap related PL transitions as T changes. The PL analysis also indicates that the energy gap reduction in Γ valley could be larger, whereas the bandgap reduction in L valley could be smaller than the theory predicted. As a result, the separation energy between Γ and L valleys (∼86 meV at 300 K) is smaller than theory predicted (125 meV) for this Ge-like sample, which is mainly due to the tensile strain. This finding strongly suggests that the indirect-to-direct bandgap transition of Ge1−ySny could be achieved at much lower Sn concentration than originally anticipated if one utilizes the tensile strain properly. Thus, Ge1−ySny alloys could be attractive materials for the fabrication of direct bandgap Si-based light emitting devices.
A broadband mode divider with arbitrary branching ratio based on wavelength-insensitive coupler (2019)

A broadband TE 0 -TE 1 mode divider with arbitrary-branching-ratio based on multimode wavelength-insensitive coupler is proposed for flexible mode manipulation in mode-division-multiplexing system. Measured spectra of fabricated devices in Si-photonics platform are in excellent agreement with theory.
Bacteria and game theory: the rise and fall of cooperation in spatially heterogeneous environments (2014)

One of the predictions of game theory is that cooperative behaviours are vulnerable to exploitation by selfish individuals, but this result seemingly contradicts the survival of cooperation observed in nature. In this review, we will introduce game theoretical concepts that lead to this conclusion and show how the spatial competition dynamics between microorganisms can be used to model the survival and maintenance of cooperation. In particular, we focus on how Escherichia coli bacteria with a growth advantage in stationary phase (GASP) phenotype maintain a proliferative phenotype when faced with overcrowding to gain a fitness advantage over wild-type populations. We review recent experimental approaches studying the growth dynamics of competing GASP and wild-type strains of E. coli inside interconnected microfabricated habitats and use a game theoretical approach to analyse the observed inter-species interactions. We describe how the use of evolutionary game theory and the ideal free distribution accurately models the spatial distribution of cooperative and selfish individuals in spatially heterogeneous environments. Using bacteria as a model system of cooperative and selfish behaviours may lead to a better understanding of the competition dynamics of other organisms-including tumour-host interactions during cancer development and metastasis.
Physics‐informed Transfer Learning for Out‐of‐sample Vapor Pressure Predictions (2023)

Abstract Recent advances have enabled machine learning methodologies developed for large datasets to be applied to the small experimental datasets typically available for chemical systems. Such advances typically involve a data‐based approach to transfer learning, where a portion of the experimental data for the property of interest is used to fine‐tune a model that is pre‐trained on computationally generated data. This transfer learning approach does not work for very small experimental datasets, where there are only enough data for model validation. Here, we develop a physics‐informed transfer learning strategy to train a directed‐message passing neural network (D‐MPNN) model, enabling extrapolation outside of the training domain. We demonstrate this approach by training a D‐MPNN model on interpolated vapor pressures and validate the model on an out‐of‐sample test set of energetic molecule vapor pressures, achieving accuracy comparable to those of experiments.
S-band microwave processing system for melting titanium powder compacts (2010)

The emerging reduction technologies for titanium from ore produce powder instead of sponge. The processing of titanium powder by conventional methods is energy intensive. Titanium acts as a getter for oxygen and tends to react with many materials at the high melt temperature (melting point: 1675°C). Most melts conventionally require high vacuum, 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-6</sup> Torr or better. Plasma arcs have the additional problem of electrode consumption, and direct induction heating of the titanium powder is problematic. Microwave melting in an inert gas environment is potentially energy efficient due to the possibility of direct microwave heating of the titanium powder augmented by hybrid heating. A robust S-Band microwave system has been developed for melting titanium powder compacts up to few hundred grams in mass. The titanium powder compacts are heated to temperatures up to 1800°C in an over-moded cylindrical cavity with a flowing argon gas atmosphere. Microwaves from a 6 kW Cober S6F industrial microwave generator are injected along the cavity axis and a 3-stub tuner is used to optimize coupling efficiency. The compact is contained in a ceramic crucible surrounded by an insulating casket. Plasma formation during processing has been observed, produced by either breakdown of the argon atmosphere (blue light emission) or by titanium vapor reacting with residual oxygen (yellow light emission). The experimental setup and the results of melting and sintering experiments will be described.
Fourth-order interference in parametric downconversion (1989)

A two-photon state can be selected by coincidence detection of photon pairs created in parametric downconversion. We demonstrate a reduction in the coincidence-count rate when pairs of photons are combined in a beam splitter. This reduction occurs only when photon wave functions overlap and can permit accurate (subpicosecond) relative timing measurements. We relate the width of the coincidence reduction to the bandwidth of the downconverted light and thence to the detailed phase-matching conditions in the parametric downconversion crystal. We also demonstrate that the loss of coincidences is associated with an increased probability of detection of photon pairs in each output of the beam splitter.
Activation of a Bean Chitinase Promoter in Transgenic Tobacco Plants by Phytopathogenic Fungi (1990)

Dominique Roby, Karen Broglie, Robert Cressman, Phyllis Biddle, Ilan Chet, Richard Broglie, Activation of a Bean Chitinase Promoter in Transgenic Tobacco Plants by Phytopathogenic Fungi, The Plant Cell, Vol. 2, No. 10 (Oct., 1990), pp. 999-1007
OILS OF THE CONIFERAE: V--THE LEAF AND TWIG, AND BARK OILS OF INCENSE CEDAR (1916)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT OILS OF THE CONIFERAE: V--THE LEAF AND TWIG, AND BARK OILS OF INCENSE CEDARA. W. SchorgerCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1916, 8, 1, 22–24Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1916Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1916https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i500001a006https://doi.org/10.1021/i500001a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views10Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Fairness-optimal initial shaping rate for HSDPA transport network congestion control (2008)

In the HSDPA (high-speed downlink packet access) Iub transport network (TN) which connects the radio network controller with base stations (node Bs), congestion control is needed. Because of the TN¿s often narrow resources, fairness of resource sharing is an important issue. Basic Additive Increase multiplicative decrease (AIMD) congestion control guarantees convergence to fairness in the long run; all flows converge to an equal share of resources in steady state, where no flows join or leave. However, incoming flows decrease the level of fairness, that is why transient fairness should be taken into account as well. This paper proposes a method which provides fairness-optimal initial rate for incoming HSDPA flows. The proposed method improves average fairness. The method can be applied in a rate based congestion control where flows share the same bottleneck. The paper also gives a general solution for fairness-optimal initial rate in case of second-order fairness measures.
Multiscale multimodal fusion of histological and MRI volumes for characterization of lung inflammation (2013)

Mouse lung models facilitate the investigation of conditions such as chronic inflammation which are associated with common lung diseases. The multi-scale manifestation of lung inflammation prompted us to use multi-scale imaging - both <i>in vivo, ex vivo</i> MRI along with <i>ex vivo </i>histology, for its study in a new quantitative way. Some imaging modalities, such as MRI, are non-invasive and capture macroscopic features of the pathology, while others, e.g. <i>ex vivo</i> histology, depict detailed structures. Registering such multi-modal data to the same spatial coordinates will allow the construction of a comprehensive 3D model to enable the multi-scale study of diseases. Moreover, it may facilitate the identification and definition of quantitative of <i>in vivo</i> imaging signatures for diseases and pathologic processes. We introduce a quantitative, image analytic framework to integrate <i>in vivo</i> MR images of the entire mouse with <i>ex vivo</i> histology of the lung alone, using lung <i>ex vivo</i> MRI as conduit to facilitate their co-registration. In our framework, we first align the MR images by registering the <i>in vivo</i> and <i>ex vivo</i> MRI of the lung using an interactive rigid registration approach. Then we reconstruct the 3D volume of the <i>ex vivo</i> histological specimen by efficient group wise registration of the 2D slices. The resulting 3D histologic volume is subsequently registered to the MRI volumes by interactive rigid registration, directly to the <i>ex vivo</i> MRI, and implicitly to <i>in vivo</i> MRI. Qualitative evaluation of the registration framework was performed by comparing airway tree structures in <i>ex vivo</i> MRI and <i>ex vivo</i> histology where airways are visible and may be annotated. We present a use case for evaluation of our co-registration framework in the context of studying chronic inammation in a diseased mouse.
Donating Otx2 to support neighboring neuron survival (2016)

Mutations of orthodentricle homeobox 2 (OTX2) in human and mice often cause retinal dystrophy and nyctalopia, suggesting a role of OTX2 in mature retina, in addition to its functions in the development of the eye and retina. In support of this, the number of bipolar cells in Otx2＋/- post-natal mouse retina was found to be significantly lower than normal. Degeneration of the cells becomes greater as the mice age, leading to the loss of vision. Especially, the type-2 OFF-cone bipolar cells, which do not express Otx2 mRNA but carry Otx2 protein, are most sensitive to Otx2 haplodeficiency. Interestingly, this bipolar cell subpopulation imports Otx2 protein from photoreceptors to protect itself from glutamate excitotoxicity in the dark. Moreover, in the bipolar cells, the exogenous Otx2 relocates to the mitochondria to support mitochondrial ATP synthesis. This novel mitochondrial activity of exogenous Otx2 highlights the therapeutic potential of Otx2 protein transduction in retinal dystrophy. [BMB Reports 2016; 49(2): 69-70].
Characterization of dynamic behaviors of defects in Si substrates created by H 2 plasma using conductance method (2020)

Abstract Energetic ion bombardment during plasma etching processes creates latent defects which play a role as carrier trapping/de-trapping sites in materials. In this study, we investigated the latent defects in Si substrate created by H 2 plasma exposure. In the case of light-mass ion such as H + , the created defects were difficult to detect by conventional capacitance-based methods. We found that a modified conductance method with an equivalent circuit considering the plasma-damaged layer can identify the latent defects created in Si substrates after H 2 and He plasma exposures. The conductance method quantifies the areal defect densities and the characteristic time constant of carrier trapping/de-trapping processes. Then, the reconstruction of the damaged structures by a rapid thermal annealing (RTA) was evaluated. It was confirmed that the RTA changes the conductance of damaged structures in response to the annealing temperature and the total thermal budget. The obtained results suggest that the modified conductance method is an effective tool to quantify the dynamic behaviors of latent defects in Si substrates after H 2 and He plasma exposures.
Unique Al Distribution in the MFI Framework and Its Impact on Catalytic Properties (2017)

The use of pentaerythritol in combination with the Na cation in the synthesis of ZSM-5 led to a unique Al distribution in the MFI framework; Al atoms were preferentially located at straight and sinusoidal channels, not the intersection.
Iminopyridine Copper Complex‐Based Catalysts for 1,3‐Dienes Stereospecific Polymerization (2023)

Abstract Some novel copper complexes are synthesized by reacting copper(II) dichloride and copper(II) dibromide with a series of pyridyl‐imine ligands differing in the nature of the substituents at the iminic carbon and at the imino nitrogen atom. All the complexes are characterized by analytical and infrared data: for some of them single crystals are obtained, and their molecular structure is determined by X‐ray diffraction. The complexes are combined with methylaluminoxane (MAO) for the polymerization of 1,3‐dienes (i.e., 1,3‐butadiene and isoprene) obtaining active and selective catalysts and, in case of isoprene, polymers with quite unusual structures, i.e., predominantly alternating cis ‐1,4‐ alt ‐3,4 structures containing cis ‐1,4 units sequences within the polymer chain.