gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Mechanical Properties of Joining Materials for Flip Chip on Thermo-mechanical Stress at Wiring Layer under Flip Chip Pad (2014)

Lead-free solders such as SnAg or SnAgCu is widely used for flip chip joining. As a result of higher melting temperature and higher elastic modulus of the lead-free solders compared to eutectic SnPb solder, defect of crack or damage in low-k dielectric layers under bond pad for flip chip joining in the semiconductor chip became a serious issue. The crack or damage is caused by mismatch of coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) between chip and chip carrier substrate after chip join reflow. Various low melting temperature solders have been investigated and proposed as alternatives to SnAg or SnAgCu solders. Mechanical properties including creep properties are important factors as well as melting temperature for stress relief in micro joints and low-k layers.In this paper, the authors report measurement results of creep properties with fine-diameter-specimens (0.5 mm in diameter) of two low melting temperature solders (Sn-58Bi and In-3Ag) and conventional lead-free solder (Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu). The measurement matrix consists of four different strain rates and three different temperatures. The stress component n and the constant A in Norton's creep law were derived for each solder alloy. Then the stress analysis was performed with flip chip plastic ball grid array (FCPBGA) to evaluate stress at low-k dielectric layer under the bond pad using the obtained mechanical properties in this study.
Natural Language Processing in Watson (2012)

Open domain Question Answering (QA) is a long standing research problem. Recently, IBM took on this challenge in the context of the Jeopardy! game. Jeopardy! is a well-known TV quiz show that has been airing on television in the United States for more than 25 years. It pits three human contestants against one another in a competition that requires answering rich natural language questions over a very broad domain of topics. The development of a system able to compete to grand champions in the Jeopardy! challenge led to the design of the DeepQA architecture and the implementation of Watson. The DeepQA project shapes a grand challenge in Computer Science that aims to illustrate how the wide and growing accessibility of natural language content and the integration and advancement of Natural Language Processing, Information Retrieval, Machine Learning, Knowledge Representation and Reasoning, and massively parallel computation can drive open-domain automatic Question Answering technology to a point where it clearly and consistently rivals the best human performance. Natural Language Processing (NLP) plays a crucial role in the overall Deep QA architecture. It allows to make sense of both question and unstructured knowledge contained in the large corpora where most of the answers are located. That's why we decided to focus this tutorial on the NLP technology adopted by Watson and on how it fits in the general Deep QA architecture.
Adenovirus-Mediated Gene Transfer In Vivo to Cerebral Blood Vessels and Perivascular Tissue (1995)

Gene transfer to blood vessels in vivo generally requires interruption of blood flow. Thus, gene transduction to cerebral blood vessels in vivo has not yet been achieved. In this study, we injected replication-deficient adenovirus into cerebrospinal fluid in an attempt to transduce genes to cerebral blood vessels. Recombinant adenovirus (1 x 10(9) infectious units) expressing nuclear-targeted bacterial beta-galactosidase driven by the cytomegalovirus promoter was injected into the cisterna magna of Sprague-Dawley rats. The brains were examined histochemically after staining with 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside 1 to 7 days after injection of adenovirus. Leptomeningeal cells overlying the major arteries were efficiently transduced, and adventitial cells of large vessels and smooth muscle cells of small vessels were occasionally stained. beta-Galactosidase was expressed on days 1 and 3 after injection but was undetectable by day 7. Expression of the gene was 'targeted' by altering the position of the head. When viral suspension was injected while the rat was in a nose-down position, the reporter gene was expressed extensively on the ventral surface of the brain, especially along the circle of Willis. When the position was changed to the nose-up or lateral position, the inferior or lateral region of the brain was stained primarily. Administration of the virus into the lateral ventricle provided extensive expression in ependymal cells and leptomeninges with some transduction to cerebral blood vessels. Thus, adenovirus injected into cerebrospinal fluid provides gene transfer in vivo to cerebral blood vessels and, with greater efficiency, to perivascular tissue. Furthermore, cisternal delivery may target specific brain regions by positioning of the head.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Supplementary Figure and Table Legends from Coordinated Regulation of Cell Cycle Transcripts by p53-Inducible microRNAs, miR-192 and miR-215 (2023)

Supplementary Figure and Table Legends from Coordinated Regulation of Cell Cycle Transcripts by p53-Inducible microRNAs, miR-192 and miR-215
Depender graphs: A method of fault-tolerant certificate distribution1 (2001)

We consider scalable certificate revocation in a public-key infrastructure (PKI). We introduce depender graphs, a new class of graphs that support efficient and fault-tolerant revocation. Nodes of a depender graph are participants that agree to forward revocation information to other participants. Our depender graphs are k-redundant, so that revocations are provably guaranteed to be received by all non-failed participants even if up to k−1 participants have failed. We present a protocol for constructing k-redundant depender graphs that has two desirable properties. First, it is load-balanced, in that no participant need have too many dependers. Second, it is localized, in that it avoids the need for any participant to maintain the global state of the depender graph. We also give a localized protocol for restructuring the graph in the event of permanent failures.
Systems Analysis Approach to Polyethylene Terephthalate and Olefin Plastics Supply Chains in the Circular Economy: A Review of Data Sets and Models (2021)

The environmental and economic impacts of implementing a circular economy in plastic waste supply chains are not well understood. The proposed systems analysis framework assesses environmental, social, and economic impacts of plastic waste supply chains in a circular economy. The first objective of this article is to identify data sets, models, and knowledge gaps associated with waste plastic supply chain processes, mainly in the U.S. Our literature review indicated that the best data sets exist for virgin plastic resin production, mechanical recycling, landfilling, and incineration, with the materials recovery facility being intermediate, and with chemical recycling the lowest. The second objective of this perspective is to develop an illustrative application of the framework by conducting a preliminary systems analysis of PET bottles with closed-loop recycling. The preliminary systems analysis of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles utilized a linear programming optimization method. Our optimization model indicated that both chemical and mechanical recycling processes are needed to achieve a true circular economy of PET bottles with the least greenhouse gas emissions, specifically reductions of 24% when compared with the linear economy. Good quality and standardized life cycle assessment and techno-economic analysis studies are needed to better understand the environmental, economic, and social impacts of advanced sorting and chemical recycling technologies.
High-Throughput Synthesis and Analysis of Intact Glycoproteins Using SAMDI-MS (2019)

High-throughput quantification of the post-translational modification of many individual protein samples is challenging with current label-based methods. This paper demonstrates an efficient method that addresses this gap by combining <i>Escherichia coli</i>-based cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) and self-assembled monolayers for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (SAMDI-MS) to analyze intact proteins. This high-throughput approach begins with polyhistidine-tagged protein substrates expressed from linear DNA templates by CFPS. Here, we synthesized an 87-member library of the <i>E. coli</i> Immunity Protein 7 (Im7) containing an acceptor sequence optimized for glycosylation by the <i>Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae N</i>-glycosyltransferase (NGT) at every possible position along the protein backbone. These protein substrates were individually treated with NGT and then selectively immobilized to self-assembled monolayers presenting nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid (Ni-NTA) complexes before final analysis by SAMDI-MS to quantify the conversion of substrate to glycoprotein. This method offers new opportunities for rapid synthesis and quantitative evaluation of intact glycoproteins.
Supplementary Video 4I from Selective Targeting and Potent Control of Tumor Growth Using an EphA2/CD3-Bispecific Single-Chain Antibody Construct (2023)

Supplementary Video 4I from Selective Targeting and Potent Control of Tumor Growth Using an EphA2/CD3-Bispecific Single-Chain Antibody Construct
Efficient data integration in the railway domain through an ontology-based methodology (2010)

The fragmented and ever more specialized nature of today's railway systems makes it more and more complex to operate. An increasing number of actors are involved in the operation of a railway service.
MinION Analysis and Reference Consortium: Phase 2 data release and analysis of R9.0 chemistry (2017)

K: thousand, Kb: kilobase (one thousand base pairs), M: million, Mb: megabase (one million base pairs), Gb: gigabase (one billion base pairs).
A prototype instrument for adaptive SPECT imaging (2007)

We have designed and constructed a small-animal adaptive SPECT imaging system as a prototype for quantifying the potential benefit of adaptive SPECT imaging over the traditional fixed geometry approach. The optical design of the system is based on filling the detector with the object for each viewing angle, maximizing the sensitivity, and optimizing the resolution in the projection images. Additional feedback rules for determining the optimal geometry of the system can be easily added to the existing control software. Preliminary data have been taken of a phantom with a small, hot, offset lesion in a flat background in both adaptive and fixed geometry modes. Comparison of the predicted system behavior with the actual system behavior is presented along with recommendations for system improvements.
Search for large missing transverse momentum in association with one top-quark in proton-proton collisions at $$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector (2019)

A bstract This paper describes a search for events with one top-quark and large missing transverse momentum in the final state. Data collected during 2015 and 2016 by the ATLAS experiment from 13 TeV proton–proton collisions at the LHC corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36.1 fb −1 are used. Two channels are considered, depending on the leptonic or the hadronic decays of the W boson from the top quark. The obtained results are interpreted in the context of simplified models for dark-matter production and for the single production of a vector-like T quark. In the absence of significant deviations from the Standard Model background expectation, 95% confidence-level upper limits on the corresponding production cross-sections are obtained and these limits are translated into constraints on the parameter space of the models considered.
Supplementary Figure S1 from Reduced Proteolytic Shedding of Receptor Tyrosine Kinases Is a Post-Translational Mechanism of Kinase Inhibitor Resistance (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S1. U0126 treatment reduces p-Erk1/2 while increasing p-cJUN in a panel of cell lines, measured by bead-based immunoassay.&lt;/p&gt;
Control of Rubrene Polymorphs via Polymer Binders: Applications in Organic Field-Effect Transistors (2015)

In this report, the crystallization mechanisms in solution-processed, annealed thin films of semiconducting small molecule 5,6,11,12-tetraphenylnaphthacene (rubrene) blended with three different amorphous polymers (polystyrene (PS), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), and poly(4-vinylpyridine) (P4VP)) are investigated. The results show that the degree of phase separation, the exact crystal structure, and the electronic properties of the blend films depend strongly on the choice of polymer binder. While rubrene films crystallized from blends with PS and P4VP consist of crystalline spherulites in a mostly orthorhombic crystal structure, rubrene in PMMA blends contains a significant fraction of triclinic phase and is generally more disordered. Structural characterizations also reveal a high degree of vertical phase separation in PS and P4VP films, which is attributed to residual solvent effects in the case of rubrene/PS films and a preferential hydrophilic interaction with the Si/SiO2 interface for rubrene/P4VP films. This type of phase separation is shown to be critical for crystallization and lead to improved field-effect mobilities. Finally, this processing technique easily allows for patterning of transistors using chemically modified substrates, which is useful for large-scale device fabrication.
Engineered disorder in CO2 photocatalysis (2022)

Light harvesting, separation of charge carriers, and surface reactions are three fundamental steps that are essential for an efficient photocatalyst. Here we show that these steps in the TiO<sub>2</sub> can be boosted simultaneously by disorder engineering. A solid-state reduction reaction between sodium and TiO<sub>2</sub> forms a core-shell c-TiO<sub>2</sub>@a-TiO<sub>2-x</sub>(OH)<sub>y</sub> heterostructure, comprised of HO-Ti-[O]-Ti surface frustrated Lewis pairs (SFLPs) embedded in an amorphous shell surrounding a crystalline core, which enables a new genre of chemical reactivity. Specifically, these SFLPs heterolytically dissociate dihydrogen at room temperature to form charge-balancing protonated hydroxyl groups and hydrides at unsaturated titanium surface sites, which display high reactivity towards CO<sub>2</sub> reduction. This crystalline-amorphous heterostructure also boosts light absorption, charge carrier separation and transfer to SFLPs, while prolonged carrier lifetimes and photothermal heat generation further enhance reactivity. The collective results of this study motivate a general approach for catalytically generating sustainable chemicals and fuels through engineered disorder in heterogeneous CO<sub>2</sub> photocatalysts.
External Arrhythmia Ablation Using Photon Beams (2017)

Single-fraction doses as low as 25 Gy caused a lesion with interruption of cardiac impulse propagation using this respective target volume. With doses of ≤55 Gy, maximal point-doses to coronary arteries could be kept <7Gy, but target conformity of lesions was not fully achieved using this approach.
A Novel Framework for Monitoring and Analyzing Quality of Data in Simulation Workflows (2011)

In recent years scientific workflows have been used for conducting data-intensive and long running simulations. Such simulation workflows have processed and produced different types of data whose quality has a strong influence on the final outcome of simulations. Therefore being able to monitor and analyze quality of this data during workflow execution is of paramount importance, as detection of quality problems will enable us to control the execution of simulations efficiently. Unfortunately, existing scientific workflow execution systems do not support the monitoring and analysis of quality of data for multi-scale or multi-domain simulations. In this paper, we examine how quality of data can be comprehensively measured within workflows and how the measured quality can be used to control and adapt running workflows. We present a quality of data measurement process and describe a quality of data monitoring and analysis framework that integrates this measurement process into a workflow management system.
Evaluation of the interchangeability between the new fully-automated affinity chrome-mediated immunoassay (ACMIA) and the Quantitative Microsphere System (QMS) with a CE-IVD-certified LC-MS/MS assay for therapeutic drug monitoring of everolimus after solid organ transplantation (2022)

ACMIA/EVRO but not QMS/EVER shows a lack of interchangeability with the CE-IVD-certified LC-MS/MS assay. We hypothesize that, as the ACMIA/EVRO uses an anti-sirolimus antibody, the under-corrected assigned value in the assay calibrators was not sufficient to reproduce the everolimus metabolites cross-reactivity occurring in real samples.
Determination of the spin Hall angle by the inverse spin Hall effect, device level ferromagnetic resonance, and spin torque ferromagnetic resonance: A comparison of methods (2021)

The spin torque ferromagnetic resonance (STFMR) is one of the popular methods for measurement of the spin Hall angle, θSH. However, in order to accurately determine θSH from STFMR measurements, the acquired data must be carefully analyzed. The resonance linewidth should be determined to an accuracy of a fraction of an Oe, while the dynamical interaction leading to the measured response consists of the conventional field-induced ferromagnetic resonance (FMR), the spin-torque induced FMR, and the inverse spin Hall effect (ISHE). Additionally, the signal often deteriorates when DC is passed through the device. In this work, we compare the STFMR method with two other FMR-based methods that are used to extract θSH. The first is a device-level FMR, and the second is based on the ISHE. We identify artifacts that are caused by the noise floor of the instrumentation that make the measurement of θSH illusive even when the signal to noise ratio seems to be reasonable. Additionally, we estimate a 10% error in θSH that results from neglecting the magnetic anisotropies as in conventional measurements. Overall, we find the STFMR to be the most robust of the three methods despite the complexity of the interaction taking place therein. The conclusions of our work lead to a more accurate determination of θSH and will assist in the search of novel materials for energy efficient spin-based applications.
Postoperative paralytic ileus following debulking surgery in ovarian cancer patients (2022)

Postoperative antibiotics, an early start with laxatives, and stoma creation were associated with reduced POI rates. Patients with anastomoses showed an increased risk for POI. Severe complications, anastomotic leakages, and POI were more common in the case of intraoperative fluid balance exceeding 5,000 cc.
Comparison of Ferric Sulfate Combined Mineral Trioxide Aggregate Pulpotomy and Zinc Oxide Eugenol Pulpectomy of Primary Maxillary Incisors: An 18-month Randomized, Controlled Trial. (2017)

Ferric Sulfate with Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (FS+MTA) is an alternative to RCT for vital primary incisors.
Individual Preference Aware Caching Policy Design for Energy-Efficient Wireless D2D Communications (2017)

Video caching at the wireless edge is a promising approach to improve throughput and reliability of video delivery. While most existing literature considers homogeneous user preference modeling when designing caching policies, this paper investigates how to exploit statistical information on individual popularity preferences in the design of caching policies in base station assisted wireless device-to-device networks. Specifically, we formulate the caching policy design problem aiming to minimize average energy consumption and propose two approaches that solve the problem under different conditions: users can or cannot coordinatedly design their policies. By simulating systems using practical individual preference models, we show that the proposed designs are effective, and the performance gain brought by exploiting individual preferences can be clearly observed.
Ontology-Driven Integration of CAD/CAE Applications: Strategies and Comparisons (2009)

In this paper we present a detailed exploration of ontology-driven approaches and strategies for integrating product data between CAD/CAE applications. We structure the ontology model into three layers: General Domain Ontology, Domain Specific Ontology, and Application Specific Ontology. In particular, Application Specific Ontologies are built for PRO/E, CATIA, and a virtual assembly design tool called VADE. This allows the integration processes to be demonstrated for a) two applications in the common domain of product design, and b) two applications in different domains, one in the product design domain and the other in an assembly simulation domain. In addition, these ontology-driven strategies are compared with two other approaches. The first study focuses on the knowledge modeling aspect and compares the ontology approach with a standard modeling language, UML. The second study focuses on data integration and translation aspect and compares the ontology-driven approach with a traditional one. It is concluded that an ontology-driven approach is superior for solving heterogeneous data problems involving multiple applications by managing data on semantic level.
Constant Power Load Modeling for a Programmable Impedance Control Strategy (2021)

Expanded use of power electronics opens the possibility that input characteristics presented to the conventional utility as well as ac and dc microgrids could be controlled in ways that help support utility operation. Power factor correcting interfaces are one wide-spread example, used around the world to meet regulatory requirements for both power factor and also harmonic content injected to the utility. More support for ensuring healthy utility operation might be demanded from these power electronic interfaces. For example, the potentially destabilizing effects of constant power loads (CPLs) could be remediated on time scales useful for supporting utility operation. This article presents an equivalent circuit model for limited-bandwidth CPLs that quantifies the intrinsic damping properties of regulated converters. A control architecture based on this equivalent circuit model is then analyzed. The control scheme limits the impact of CPL operation by emulating the internal damping of CPLs through programmable input behavior. An intermediate, internal energy buffer is used to support CPL operation while enabling the programmable or selectable input impedance on designed time scales. The effectiveness of this strategy on system stability is shown using a stability analysis and experimental results.
Dissection of an aneurysmal ascending aorta in association with coarctation of the aorta. (1979)

A previously fit 21-year-old man presented with severel central chest pain. Clinical, electrocardiographic, and echocardiographic examination confirmed a dissection of an aneurysmal ascending aorta in the presence of previously undiagnosed severe aortic coarctation. Initial aortic dissection had occurred five days before admission. The medical and staged surgical management of the case are presented. Surgical survival with such a combination of lesions does not appear to have been previously recorded.
Vibration imaging for localization of functional compartments of the extrinsic flexor muscles of the hand (2010)

It is concluded from the results that localization of the finger-specific subcompartments of the forearm flexor muscles can be performed with this technique.