gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analogues of luteinizing hormone releasing factor modified at positions 2, 6, and 10 (1976)

The genetic code determines how the genetic information is translated into proteins, which are building blocks of the living organisms. Genetic code can be related to Gray codes, a class of error resisting codes. In this paper we investigate the robustness of the Gray code representations of the genetic code in mitochondria, small cell organelles that contain genetic information separate from the rest of the cell. Mitochondria use a slightly modified version of the standard code which defines the main genetic information. Our result show that despite the fact that the mitochondrial codes seemingly show more regularities than the standard code, they are less robust with regard to the Gray code arrangement criterion. This could be a result of the lighter evolutionary pressure that the mitochondrial codes have endured compared to the standard code.
Statistically translating low-level error probabilities to increase the accuracy and efficiency of reliability simulations in hardware description languages (2008)

Radiation induced single-event upsets are becoming an increasing issue for designers due to the impact on overall design reliability. This paper presents a method for translating probabilistic information from lower levels in the design hierarchy into efficient, fast, and useful tools at higher levels. This method allows designers to incorporate soft error reliability analysis into the verification process at greatly reduced simulation expense with high accuracy. We also include metrics to estimate the error in the method. Results from both abstracted verification simulations and Verilog soft error simulations are presented. Our method bridges a gap between low level reliability measurements and high level reliability simulations.
Time-Resolved IR Studies of Monolayer Self-Assembly on a Gold Substrate Using Planar Array Infrared (PA-IR) Spectroscopy (2004)

Time-resolved and spatially resolved infrared spectra (line images) of self-assembled monolayers of octadecylthiol (ODT) on gold substrates were investigated by planar array infrared (PA-IR) spectroscopy, with a grazing incidence reflection attachment. It was observed that PA-IR spectra with a good signal-to-noise ratio that is comparable to those obtained from Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy could be acquired with a significantly shorter collection time. Focusing on the peak intensities and peak positions of the CH2 asymmetric stretch (approximately 2918 cm-1) and the CH3 symmetric stretch (approximately 2960 cm-1), respectively, the molecular orientation and organization of the monolayers were determined. The ODT formed a uniform monolayer on the surface of the gold whether it was deposited within 1−2 s or over a 40 h period. Disordered monolayers formed instantly, and with an increase in dipping time, the monolayer became more ordered, becoming highly ordered after dipping times of many (>24) hours.
GAZE STABILIZATION STRATEGIES DURING VOLUNTARY HEAD MOVEMENTS (2006)

Purpose/Hypothesis: To investigate the stability of head angular velocity during fixed gaze experiments where subjects systhematically increased the frequency of volitional head movements. In normal gait, sagittal plane head and trunk rotations occur out of phase and act to stabilize the head in space. This promotes gaze stabilization and minimizes the need for contributions from the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR). Elderly subjects often segmentally link the head to the trunk during movement. A rigid link between the head and trunk would decrease the stability of the head during normal ambulation. It can be argued that the elderly compensate by ambulating with a slower cadence and decreased stride length to minimize the magnitude of head excursions. Although this strategy seems counter productive during ambulation, it could decrease head angular velocity during a fall and may be a strategy to maximize gaze stabilization in subjects whose vestibular sensitivity is decreased secondary to ageing or pathology. Number of Subjects: Ten visually unimpaired adult subjects (3 male, 7 female; mean age 27 ± 5.1) participated in this research. They had no known visual abnormalities and were in good health. Materials/Methods: Subjects were asked to wear a video-based eye tracker (EyeLink II™, SR Research Ltd.) linked to a kinematic tracking system (MotionMonitor™, Innovative Sports Training). They performed head flexion and extension movements at four metronome driven frequencies while maintaining gaze fxation on an LED target placed 1.5 meters in front of them. Two testing conditions were used: Control-subjects were asked to visually fxate the target while moving the head; Experimental-same as control except that subjects were now trained to move their heads through a 30° arc of motion. The eye tracker was capable of detecting ±30° of horizontal and ±18° of vertical eye movement with a resolution of <;0.05°. The kinematic tracking system had a resolution of 0.5mm in translation and 0.1° in rotation. Bilateral eye and head position data were synchronously collected at 250 Hz during 10 second trials. Point-of-gaze was calculated and geometric relationships were used to determine the position of the target on the retina. A target was considered stable if it was imaged on the fovea. The amount of time the target was foveated was computed for each trial. Results: As pacing frequency increased, the control group consistently decreased head amplitude resulting in a suppression of RMS angular velocity. They demonstrated foveal stabilization 77.6% ± 6.6 of the time. The experimental group consistently maintained 30° head movements. Teir RMS angular velocities increased with increasing frequency. Teir ability to foveate the target fell to 41.8% ± 3.3. Conclusions: Decreased angular head velocities improve target stabilization on the retina. Clinical Relevance: This may begin to explain the head-trunk segmental stifening observed in the elderly, since it may act to decrease head angular velocity during fall and subsequent balance recovery.
Fast Inverter Control by Learning the OPF Mapping Using Sensitivity-Informed Gaussian Processes (2022)

Fast inverter control is a desideratum towards the smoother integration of renewables. Adjusting inverter injection setpoints for distributed energy resources can be an effective grid control mechanism. However, finding such setpoints optimally requires solving an optimal power flow (OPF), which can be computationally taxing in real time. Previous works have proposed learning the mapping from grid conditions to OPF minimizers using Gaussian processes (GPs). This GP-OPF model predicts inverter setpoints when presented with a new instance of grid conditions. Training enjoys closed-form expressions, and GP-OPF predictions come with confidence intervals. To improve upon data efficiency, we uniquely incorporate the sensitivities (partial derivatives) of the OPF mapping into GP-OPF. This expedites the process of generating a training dataset as fewer OPF instances need to be solved to attain the same accuracy. To further reduce computational efficiency, we approximate the kernel function of GP-OPF leveraging the concept of random features, which is neatly extended to sensitivity data. We perform sensitivity analysis for the second-order cone program (SOCP) relaxation of the OPF, whose sensitivities can be computed by merely solving a system of linear equations. Extensive numerical tests using real-world data on the IEEE 13- and 123-bus feeders corroborate the merits of GP-OPF.
The Structure of Hormaomycin and One of Its All‐Peptide Aza‐Analogues in Solution: Syntheses and Biological Activities of New Hormaomycin Analogues (2005)

Four new aza-analogues of hormaomycin 1, a secondary metabolite with interesting biological activities produced by Streptomyces griseoflavus, were synthesized and subjected to preliminary tests of their antibiotic activity to provide new insights into the structure-activity relationship studies of this class of compounds. The solution structures of hormaomycin 1 and its aza-analogue 2 a were determined by NMR spectroscopy. The data exhibited a reasonably rigid conformation for both molecules, stabilized by stacking interactions between the aromatic moieties attached to the ring and the side chain. According to NMR-spectral data the aza-analogue epi-2 a has a rather different conformation and indeed shows no antibacterial activity whatsoever.
Deformation of stem cell nuclei by nanotopographical cues (2010)

Cells sense cues in their surrounding microenvironment. These cues are converted into intracellular signals and transduced to the nucleus in order for the cell to respond and adapt its function. Within the nucleus, structural changes occur that ultimately lead to changes in the gene expression. In this study, we explore the structural changes of the nucleus of human mesenchymal stem cells as an effect of topographical cues. We use a controlled nanotopography to drive shape changes to the cell nucleus, and measure the changes with both fluorescence microscopy and a novel light scattering technique. The nucleus changes shape dramatically in response to the nanotopography, and in a manner dependent on the mechanical properties of the substrate. The kinetics of the nuclear deformation follows an unexpected trajectory. As opposed to a gradual shape change in response to the topography, once the cytoskeleton attains an aligned and elongation morphology on the time scale of several hours, the nucleus changes shape rapidly and intensely.
Hyperfibrinolysis in a case of myelodysplastic syndrome with leukemic spread of mast cells (1999)

Mast cells (MC) are multipotent hemopoietic effector cells producing diverse mediators like histamine, heparin, or tissue type plasminogen activator. We report a 75-year-old male patient with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) of recent onset (3 months' history) associated with a massive leukemic spread of immature tryptase+ MC (tentative term: myelomastocytic leukemia). The patient presented with pancytopenia, bleeding, hypofibrinogenemia, and an increased cellular tryptase level. Moreover, an excessive elevation of plasmin-antiplasmin complexes (9,200 ng/ml; normal range: 10–150), an elevated D-dimer, and an increase in thrombin-antithrombin III complexes were found. The identity of the circulating MC was confirmed by immunophenotyping (CD117/c-kit+, CD123/IL-3Rα−, CD11b/C3biR−), biochemical analysis (cellular ratio [ng:ng] of tryptase to histamine >1), and electron microscopy. Bone marrow (bm) examination showed trilineage dysplasia (17% blasts), 30% diffusely scattered MC, and a complex karyotype. No dense, compact MC infiltrates (mastocytosis) were detectable in bm sections. Despite hyperfibrinolysis and mediator syndrome (flushing, headache), the patient received remission induction polychemotherapy (DAV) followed by two cycles of consolidation with intermediate dose ARA-C (2 × 1 g/m2/day on days 1, 3, and 5). He entered complete remission after the first chemotherapy cycle without evidence of recurring MDS. Moreover, in response to chemotherapy, the hyperfibrinolysis and mediator syndrome resolved, and the circulating c-kit+ MC disappeared. We suggest consideration of polychemotherapy as a therapeutic option in patients with high-risk MDS of recent onset, even in the case of MC lineage involvement. Am. J. Hematol. 61:66–77, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
MOSAIC: A Multiscale Model of Osteogenesis and Sprouting Angiogenesis with Lateral Inhibition of Endothelial Cells (2012)

The healing of a fracture depends largely on the development of a new blood vessel network (angiogenesis) in the callus. During angiogenesis tip cells lead the developing sprout in response to extracellular signals, amongst which vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is critical. In order to ensure a correct development of the vasculature, the balance between stalk and tip cell phenotypes must be tightly controlled, which is primarily achieved by the Dll4-Notch1 signaling pathway. This study presents a novel multiscale model of osteogenesis and sprouting angiogenesis, incorporating lateral inhibition of endothelial cells (further denoted MOSAIC model) through Dll4-Notch1 signaling, and applies it to fracture healing. The MOSAIC model correctly predicted the bone regeneration process and recapitulated many experimentally observed aspects of tip cell selection: the salt and pepper pattern seen for cell fates, an increased tip cell density due to the loss of Dll4 and an excessive number of tip cells in high VEGF environments. When VEGF concentration was even further increased, the MOSAIC model predicted the absence of a vascular network and fracture healing, thereby leading to a non-union, which is a direct consequence of the mutual inhibition of neighboring cells through Dll4-Notch1 signaling. This result was not retrieved for a more phenomenological model that only considers extracellular signals for tip cell migration, which illustrates the importance of implementing the actual signaling pathway rather than phenomenological rules. Finally, the MOSAIC model demonstrated the importance of a proper criterion for tip cell selection and the need for experimental data to further explore this. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that the MOSAIC model creates enhanced capabilities for investigating the influence of molecular mechanisms on angiogenesis and its relation to bone formation in a more mechanistic way and across different time and spatial scales.
An Acoustically Powered Battery-less Internet of Underwater Things Platform (2018)

The Internet of Underwater Things (IoUT) is a promising approach to future military, scientific, and commercial applications at sea. Vital components of the IoUT are underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) and autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). Powering of these systems in deep water still remains one of the main challenges, since UWSN nodes and AUVs are typically powered by batteries that need to be replaced or recharged through expensive and difficult operations. This article presents the design of the first batteryless underwater sensor node that can be wirelessly recharged through ultrasonic waves from longer distances than allowed by current inductive and magnetic technologies. First, the architecture of an underwater platform capable of extracting electrical energy from ultrasonic waves is introduced. We then illustrate how to interface this system with an underwater digital communication unit. We discuss the design of a prototype of the proposed architecture where the storage unit is realized with a batch of supercapacitors. We show through experiments that the harvested energy stored in the supercapacitors is sufficient to provide an underwater sensor node with the power necessary to perform a sensing operation and power an acoustic modem for ultrasonic communications. We evaluate the system performance in terms of wireless power transfer efficiency (PTE). Our system is characterized by a lower electrical-to-radiated power conversion efficiency when compared to other technologies. However, given the reduced attenuation of ultrasonic waves in water, we were able to show that our approach can cover longer distances with less transmission power. Last, we evaluate the operating efficiency that we define as the maximum achievable digital data rate relative to the charging and transmission times.
ALI: Anonymous Lightweight Inter-Vehicle Broadcast Authentication with Encryption (2022)

Wireless broadcast transmission enables Inter-vehicle or Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communication among nearby vehicles. This communication supports latency-critical applications for improved safety and maybe optimized traffic. However, V2V communication is vulnerable to cyber attacks involving message manipulation. Mechanisms are required to ensure both authenticity and integrity of broadcast data, while maintaining drivers privacy against surveillance. Considering the limited computational resources of vehicles and the possibility of high traffic density scenarios, authentication processes should have low computational overhead. Prior research has produced multiple authentication protocol proposals based on digital signatures, hash functions, or Message Authentication Codes (MACs). To date, there is no computationally efficient secure broadcast authentication scheme tolerable by the vehicles resource-constrained On-Board Units (OBUs) for latency-critical applications in heavy traffic conditions. This paper provides a new secure, efficient, and privacy-preserving scheme proposing Anonymous Lightweight Inter-vehicle (ALI) broadcast authentication with encryption. ALI provides a high level of anonymity by combining a message authentication scheme with beacon encryption. The cryptographic overhead for V2V communication in the ALI scheme is only 149 bytes, and can handle authentication of approximately 700 broadcast messages every 100 milliseconds. This demonstrates the suitability of the ALI scheme in heavy traffic scenarios. We show the security and efficiency of our proposal by conducting security proof and performance analysis.
Sleep apnoea is a risk factor for severe COVID-19 (2021)

Risk for contracting COVID-19 was the same for patients with OSA and those without OSA. In contrast, among COVID-19 positive patients, OSA was associated with higher risk for hospitalisation. Our findings are in line with earlier works and suggest OSA as an independent risk factor for severe COVID-19.
GPR56 identifies primary human acute myeloid leukemia cells with high repopulating potential in vivo (2016)

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a genetically heterogeneous hematologic malignancy, which is initiated and driven by a rare fraction of leukemia stem cells (LSCs). Despite the difficulties of identifying a common LSC phenotype, there is increasing evidence that high expression of stem cell gene signatures is associated with poor clinical outcome. Identification of functionally distinct subpopulations in this disease is therefore crucial to dissecting the molecular machinery underlying LSC self-renewal. Here, we combined next-generation sequencing technology with in vivo assessment of LSC frequencies and identified the adhesion G protein-coupled receptor 56 (GPR56) as a novel and stable marker for human LSCs for the majority of AML samples. High GPR56 expression was significantly associated with high-risk genetic subgroups and poor outcome. Analysis of GPR56 in combination with CD34 expression revealed engraftment potential of GPR56(+)cells in both the CD34(-)and CD34(+)fractions, thus defining a novel LSC compartment independent of the CD34(+)CD38(-)LSC phenotype.
Influence of Cr4+ Saturable Absorber on Energy Extraction in Cr,Nd:YSGG (1991)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text V. L. Evstigneev, E. V. Zharikov, Y. D. Zavartsev, O. V. Nerobov, P. A. Studenikin, I. A. Shcherbakov, and V. E. Yumashev, "Influence of Cr4+ Saturable Absorber on Energy Extraction in Cr,Nd:YSGG," in Advanced Solid State Lasers, G. Dube, ed., Vol. 6 of OSA Proceedings Series (Optica Publishing Group, 1990), paper LT5. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
A novel framework of circulatory equilibrium (2004)

A novel framework of circulatory equilibrium was developed by extending Guyton's original concept. In this framework, venous return (CO(V)) for a given stressed volume (V) was characterized by a flat surface as a function of right atrial pressure (P(RA)) and left atrial pressure (P(LA)) as follows: CO(V) = V/W - G(S)P(RA) - G(P)P(LA), where W, G(S), and G(P) denote linear parameters. In seven dogs under total heart bypass, CO(V), P(RA), P(LA), and V were varied to determine the three parameters in each animal with use of multivariate analysis. The coefficient of determination (r(2) = 0.92-0.99) indicated the flatness of the venous return surface. The averaged surface was CO(V) = V/0.129 - 19.61P(RA) - 3.49P(LA). To examine the invariability of the surface parameters among animals, we predicted the circulatory equilibrium in response to changes in stressed volume in another 12 dogs under normal and heart failure conditions. This was achieved by equating the standard surface with the individually measured cardiac output (CO) curve. In this way, we could predict CO [y = 0.90x + 5.6, r(2) = 0.95, standard error of the estimate (SEE) = 8.7 ml.min(-1).kg(-1)], P(RA) (y = 0.96x, r(2) = 0.98, SEE = 0.2 mmHg), and P(LA) (y = 0.89x + 0.5, r(2) = 0.98, SEE = 0.8 mmHg) reasonably well. We conclude that the venous return surface accurately represents the venous return properties of the systemic and pulmonary circulations. The characteristics of the venous return surface are invariable enough among animals, making it possible to predict circulatory equilibrium, even if those characteristics are unknown in individual animals.
Successful treatment of disseminated human Hodgkin's disease in SCID mice with deglycosylated ricin A-chain immunotoxins (1994)

To evaluate the effects of deglycosylated ricin A-chain (dgA) immunotoxins against disseminated Hodgkin's lymphoma, we used RFT5.dgA (CD25) and IRac.dgA (70 kD) to treat L540Cy Hodgkin cells in severely immunodeficient SCID mice. In this model, more than 90% of the animals developed multiple lymphomas in various organs such as the lymph nodes, liver, bone marrow, and extranodal sites that killed untreated animals after a mean survival time (MST) of 36.3 days. A single intraperitoneal injection of 8 micrograms of either immunotoxin rendered 95% (RFT5.dgA) and 93% (IRac.dgA), respectively, of mice tumor-free when applied 1 day after tumor challenge. The MST of the RFT5.dgA-treated group was extended by more than 80 days (P < .00001). SCID mice treated 12 days after tumor challenge had lower remission rates (46%), suggesting that the antitumor effect of the immunotoxins depends on the number of tumor cells present. We conclude that ricin A-chain immunotoxins have potent antitumor effects against disseminated Hodgkin's tumors in SCID mice and that this model is ideally suited for the evaluation of different immunotoxin treatment modalities.
Acellular pertussis vaccine as a booster dose for seventeen- to nineteen-month-old children immunized with either whole cell or acellular pertussis vaccine at two, four and six months of age (1995)

The safety and immunogenicity of two formulations of an acellular pertussis vaccine as a booster at 17 to 19 months of age were assessed in children immunized at 2, 4 and 6 months of age with acellular or whole cell pertussis vaccine. In Study I 86 children primed with a five-component acellular vaccine combined with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids or with a whole cell pertussis-diphtheria-tetanus vaccine were boosted with the same vaccine. Local reactions (64% vs. 93%; relative risk, 0.7; 95% confidence interval, 0.5 to 0.9) and systemic reactions (68% vs. 97%; relative risk, 0.7; 95% confidence interval, 0.5 to 0.9) were less common after the fourth dose of acellular vaccine than after the fourth dose of whole cell vaccine. In Study II 96 children primed with either an acellular or whole cell pertussis vaccine were boosted with an acellular vaccine. Local adverse reactions after booster immunization with acellular vaccine were more common in children primed with acellular vaccine than those primed with whole cell vaccine (68% vs. 33%; relative risk, 2.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.3 to 3.3). Antibody response to pertussis toxin, filamentous hemagglutinin and fimbriae were higher before and 1 month after the booster dose in children primed with the acellular vaccine. We conclude that the acellular pertussis vaccine is safe and immunogenic when used for the booster dose in children primed with either whole cell or acellular vaccine but is associated with local reactions.