gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Unreliable intrusion detection in distributed computations (2002)

Distributed coordination is difficult, especially when the system may suffer intrusions that corrupt some component processes. We introduce the abstraction of a failure detector that a process can use to (imperfectly) detect the corruption (Byzantine failure) of another process. In general, our failure detectors can be unreliable, both by reporting a correct process to be faulty or by reporting a faulty process to be correct. However, we show that if these detectors satisfy certain plausible properties, then the well known distributed consensus problem can be solved. We also present a randomized protocol using failure detectors that solves the consensus problem if either the requisite properties of failure detectors hold or if certain highly probable events eventually occur. This work can be viewed as a generalization of benign failure detectors popular in the distributed computing literature.
Optically Active 1D MoS2 Nanobelts (2018)

Transition metal dichalcogenides can be synthesized in a wide range of structures. 1D geometries, including nanotubes and nanowires, are especially intriguing due to enhanced light-matter interactions stemming from both the thickness and width possessing subwavelength dimensions. In this letter, we demonstrate the synthesis of 1D MoS<sub>2</sub> nanobelts through chemical vapor deposition and examine the mechanism driving the formation of this material. We also report enhanced light scattering within these structures. Finally, we investigate the phototransistor behavior of MoS<sub>2</sub> nanobelts and observed a photoresponsivity around 1.5 A/W, an order of magnitude greater than analogous multilayer 2D MoS<sub>2</sub> sheets reported previously.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Applications of Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reaction (2012)

Abstract Review: 313 refs.
Catalysis by Transition Metals: Metal-Carbon Double and Triple Bonds (1983)

Several well-characterized transition metal catalysts contain a metal-carbon double bond or a metal-carbon triple bond. In other homogeneous (or heterogeneous) catalyst systems in which the metal is likely to be in a relatively high oxidation state, such as molybdenum(VI) or tungsten(VI), metal-carbon multiple bonds may play an important role. Some recent results suggest that even supposedly well understood reactions such as ethylene polymerization may actually involve catalysts that behave as if they contained a metal-carbon double bond instead of a metal-carbon single bond. The chemistry of metal-carbon double and triple bonds should eventually complement and perhaps. overlap the known chemistry of complexes containing metal-oxygen double bonds or metal-nitrogen triple bonds, respectively; unique catalytic reactions involving carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen ligands multiply bonded to transition metals are therefore possible.
Structural Characterization of K3Li2Nb5O15Single Crystals by Combining High-Resolution X-Ray Diffractometry and Topography (2002)

High-resolution multiple-crystal multiple-reflection X-ray diffractometry is used for the structural characterization of nonlinear optical single crystals of K3Li2Nb5O15 (KLN) grown by the micro-pulling-down (µ-PD) method. The combination of high-resolution X-ray diffractometry and topography shows that the lattice parameters along the c-axis (c-parameters) decrease towards the seed crystals, because of the decrease in the K content and increase in the Nb content. However, the KLN single crystals exhibit multi domain structures in which discontinuous changes in the c-parameters are periodically observed along the growth direction, despite the compositional change being continuous. Large mosaic structures due to discontinuous tilt in the lattice planes are also observed at the boundaries between the domains.
Correction of proton resonance frequency shift temperature maps for magnetic field disturbances using fat signal (2007)

Our approach can be used for the guidance of thermal therapies involving tissues containing fat or surrounded by fat.
An inexpensive method of detecting localised parametric defects in static RAM (2002)

The author presents an effective method of testing spot defects causing delay faults in SRAM circuits, without having to perform a full speed test of every single cell in a chip. The method is based on the detection of spot defects through the imbalance they cause to memory cells by transforming the imbalance effect into a permanent error. Such tests may be performed at a low speed, while retaining an excellent ability to detect non-catastrophic spot defects.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Phase I and Pharmacologic Study of Oral ZD9331, A Novel Nonpolyglutamated Thymidylate Synthase Inhibitor, in Adult Patients With Solid Tumors (2002)

DLTs in this phase I study of oral ZD9331 were myelosuppression and skin toxicity. The recommended dose for phase II studies of oral ZD9331 is 20 mg od for 5 consecutive days, every 3 weeks.
ChemInform Abstract: Design, Functionalization Strategies and Biomedical Applications of Targeted Biodegradable/Biocompatible Polymer‐Based Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery (2013)

Abstract Review: 446 refs.
Estimation of the Optimal Spherical Harmonics Order for the Interpolation of Head-Related Transfer Functions Sampled on Sparse Irregular Grids (2022)

Conventional individual head-related transfer function (HRTF) measurements are demanding in terms of measurement time and equipment. For more flexibility, free body movement (FBM) measurement systems provide an easy-to-use way to measure full-spherical HRTF datasets with less effort. However, having no fixed measurement installation implies that the HRTFs are not sampled on a predefined regular grid but rely on the individual movements of the subject. Furthermore, depending on the measurement effort, a rather small number of measurements can be expected, ranging, for example, from 50 to 150 sampling points. Spherical harmonics (SH) interpolation has been extensively studied recently as one method to obtain full-spherical datasets from such sparse measurements, but previous studies primarily focused on regular full-spherical sampling grids. For irregular grids, it remains unclear up to which spatial order meaningful SH coefficients can be calculated and how the resulting interpolation error compares to regular grids. This study investigates SH interpolation of selected irregular grids obtained from HRTF measurements with an FBM system. Intending to derive general constraints for SH interpolation of irregular grids, the study analyzes how the variation of the SH order affects the interpolation results. Moreover, the study demonstrates the importance of Tikhonov regularization for SH interpolation, which is popular for solving ill-posed numerical problems associated with such irregular grids. As a key result, the study shows that the optimal SH order that minimizes the interpolation error depends mainly on the grid and the regularization strength but is almost independent of the selected HRTF set. Based on these results, the study proposes to determine the optimal SH order by minimizing the interpolation error of a reference HRTF set sampled on the sparse and irregular FBM grid. Finally, the study verifies the proposed method for estimating the optimal SH order by comparing interpolation results of irregular and equivalent regular grids, showing that the differences are small when the SH interpolation is optimally parameterized.
Improved image capture using liveview images (2010)

Current digital cameras suffer from poor performance in lowlight situations. This paper addresses the problem of improving camera performance by using liveview images to augment a final capture. Attention is given to improving only the lowand mid-range frequency information in the final capture, corresponding to available information in the liveview images. Attention is also given to providing a solution with a small memory and computational footprint. It is shown that liveview images can be used to improve image capture, even in scenes containing significant object motion.
A CAPILLARY-DRIVEN MICROFLUIDIC DEVICE FOR RAPID DNA DETECTION WITH EXTREMELY LOW SAMPLE CONSUMPTION (2013)

This paper reports a novel silicon based lateral flow device for DNA hybridization detection. The device applies microfabricated micropillar array to generate capillary flow with controllable capillary flow rates. A rapid DNA hybridization detection was demonstrated within 1 min with extremely low sample consumption
Author Correction: Identification of a binding protein for sesamin and characterization of its roles in plant growth (2020)

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Precise point positioning with estimation of code multipath subset (2013)

In Precise Point Positioning (PPP), error sources at and above cm-levelhave to be either corrected or modeled. An experiment is performed in this paper with a single receiver to observe the phase wind-up effect by changing the relative orientation of the receiver antenna. Moreover, traditional PPP is extended by including a subset of code multipath delays in the state vector. Thus, the station coordinates are estimated in a Kalman filter, along with the clock offset, tropospheric zenith delay, narrowlane ambiguities and code multipath delays. The proposed method is verified with real GPS measurements and shows a significant improvement in both accuracy and stability.
Ultrasmall demultiplexer by use of one-dimensional photonic crystal (2005)

Silica-based one-dimensional photonic crystal (1D-PC) is fabricated by use of a high-spatial-frequency grating with input and output surfaces tilted with respect to its periodic direction. An incident beam is coupled with the first photonic band in the second Brillouin zone of the 1D-PC. The output beam angle changes 3 degrees with a wavelength change of 1%. A prototype of an ultrasmall demultiplexer is demonstrated by use of a silica slab waveguide with 1D-PC.
Dual‐Targeted Nanoreactors and Prodrugs: Hydrogen Peroxide Triggers Oxidative Damage and Prodrug Activation for Synergistic Elimination of Cancer Cells (2022)

Abstract Synergistic strategies by combining nanoreactors and prodrugs hold tremendous potential in anticancer treatment. However, precise death of target cancer cells remains a significant challenge due to the absence of an elaborate cancer targeting strategy. Here, a dual‐targeting approach that combines the action of H 2 O 2 ‐producing folate receptor‐targeted nanoreactors with a cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) targeted prodrug is reported. A folate‐modified silica nanoreactor encapsulating glucose oxidase (GOX) is prepared to generate H 2 O 2 , which induces oxidative stress and allows the activation of the prodrug by targeted intracellular delivery. A novel prodrug bearing both COX‐2 targeting Celecoxib and SN‐38 anticancer agent with an H 2 O 2 ‐cleavable thioketal linker to activate the drug is presented. By dual‐targeting, the generated H 2 O 2 from GOX triggers the cleavage of a thioketal linker in the prodrug to produce the active form of the SN‐38 anticancer drug in cancer cells inducing synergistic cell death. This dual‐targeting strategy with a synergistic potency can aid in developing selective and effective anticancer therapeutics.
Grass pollen exposure is associated with higher readmission rates for pediatric asthma (2022)

Grass pollen exposure was associated with higher readmission rates for pediatric asthma. Treatment plans prior to discharge could be implemented to reduce the likelihood of readmission by younger children during the pollen season.
A small footprint RTT stationary gantry CT system for checkpoint (2022)

Rapiscan Systems, Inc., has developed a real-time tomography (RTT) stationary-gantry CT system to fulfill TSA requirements for screening accessible property at speed of the passenger. Similar in concept to the Rapiscan RTT110 stationary-gantry CT system for hold-baggage, the newly developed smaller tunnel system has been redesigned from the ground up. The goal is to achieve a high-speed, small-footprint and low-cost system that exceeds the performance of currently deployed dual-view checkpoint systems.
Identification of three amino acid residues in the B‐chain of platelet‐derived growth factor with different importance for binding to PDGF α‐ and β‐receptors (1996)

The B-chain homodimer isoform of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) binds with high affinity both to alpha- and to beta-receptors. In order to localize amino acid residues in PDGF-BB of differential importance for the binding to the two receptors, PDGF-BB mutants were analyzed in which single amino acid residues were changed to alanine residues. We found that Phe-118 in loop 1 of the PDGF B-chain is crucial for binding to both receptors, and that the surrounding amino acids, Asn-117 and Leu-119, appear to be important primarily for binding to the beta-receptor. In contrast, Lys-161 in loop 3 was found to be more important for binding to alpha-receptors than beta-receptors. Previous studies have shown that the receptor binding epitope of PDGF-BB is composed mainly of loops 1 and 3; the findings of the present study show that the alpha- and beta-receptors interact with different amino acid residues in these regions.
Battle of the Water Networks II (2013)

The Battle of the Water Networks II (BWN-II) is the latest of a series of competitions related to the design and operation of water distribution systems (WDSs) undertaken within the Water Distribution Systems Analysis (WDSA) Symposium series. The BWN-II problem specification involved a broadly defined design and operation problem for an existing network that has to be upgraded for increased future demands, and the addition of a new development area. The design decisions involved addition of new and parallel pipes, storage, operational controls for pumps and valves, and sizing of backup power supply. Design criteria involved hydraulic, water quality, reliability, and environmental performance measures. Fourteen teams participated in the Battle and presented their results at the 14th Water Distribution Systems Analysis conference in Adelaide, Australia, September 2012. This paper summarizes the approaches used by the participants and the results they obtained. Given the complexity of the BWN-II problem and the innovative methods required to deal with the multiobjective, high dimensional and computationally demanding nature of the problem, this paper represents a snap-shot of state of the art methods for the design and operation of water distribution systems. A general finding of this paper is that there is benefit in using a combination of heuristic engineering experience and sophisticated optimization algorithms when tackling complex real-world water distribution system design problems.
SEMIAUTOMATED PATTERNED SCANNING LASER FOR RETINAL PHOTOCOAGULATION (2006)

In Brief Sequential application of a large number of single spots in retinal photocoagulation often results in significant physician fatigue and patient discomfort. This article describes a semiautomated scanning laser retinal photocoagulator that greatly improves efficiency and increases the precision by rapid application of patterns of lesions using laser pulses as short as 10 milliseconds.
Oh, the Frustration of Antibodies! (2020)

The COVID-19 pandemic has been humbling for the biomedical community, pointing out as much about what we do not know as what we do. Among these learnings are lessons about immune-based measures to prevent or treat a new biothreat. This article summarizes lessons learned from two experimental approaches for passive immunity, convalescent plasma and monoclonal antibody therapy. Two early reports of outcomes, both of which appeared within hours of one another, reveal the importance of blending past learning with a forward-looking approach. These also present cautionary lessons as the world looks to new vaccines to help eradicate this deadly scourge.
Preharvest Peroxyacetic Acid Sprays Slow Decay and Extend Shelf Life of Strawberries (2007)

Strawberry is an important fruit crop in Florida. Yearly losses can be attributed to pre- and postharvest decay incited by Botrytis cinerea P. Micheli ex Pers. and postharvest decay resulting from primarily Rhizopus stolonifer (Ehrenb. ex Fr.) Vuillemin. In this study, the sanitizer peroxyacetic acid (100 μL·L −1 ) was sprayed on flowers and developing strawberries 1, 2, and 3 d preharvest. Most of the time, fruit sprayed 3 days before harvest had significantly less decay than fruit sprayed 1 day preharvest or not sprayed when stored at 18 °C. Strawberries sprayed in the field with peroxyacetic acid and then coated postharvest with 1% chitosan coating had reduced decay compared with fruit only treated preharvest with peroxyacetic acid (PAA) for up to 12 days in storage. Sensitivity of B. cinerea hyphae and conidia to PAA was shown by the presence of a zone of inhibition using the disc assay method.
Influence of the edge tone (mouth tone) on the sound of flue organ pipes as a function of pipe scaling (2008)

The sound quality of an organ pipe is mainly influenced by the attack transients. This onset is first dominated by the edge tone, while later the pipe resonator will play a more important role. To understand the physics of a flue organ pipe, it is necessary to analyse the edge tone, the acoustic properties of the pipe resonator, the attack transient and the stationary sound of the pipe. Several pipe ranks have been investigated in the anechoic room of the Fraunhofer IBP: Nachthorn, Diapason, Gamba, Octave, Flute, Geigenprinzipal, Salizional. By the evaluation all physical effects contributing to the production of sound were taken into account. In the present paper about the physical effect of the edge tone on the production of the pipe sound will be reported.
Multi-system automotive antenna for mobile satellite communications applications (2012)

This paper presents two multi-system antennas designed for automotive mobile satellite communication applications. The antennas are optimized for the new European S-band mobile satellite systems and in addition they include also the capabilities for GPS and GSM/UMTS bands. The first model implements an S-band Receive-Only radiating element for broadcasting applications while the second contains also an S-band transmit element allowing interactive services via satellite. The achieved structures can be easily installed on cars or integrated in plastic structures of the vehicles. The details of the design of the antennas and a summary of their performances are described.
Evaluation of Alternative Water Input Modes for Space-Based Plant Culture Applications (2002)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Wheat seeds were automatically imbibed and germinated within a Porous Tube Insert Module (PTIM) apparatus developed to support both porous tube and substrate-based nutrient delivery systems (PTNDS, SNDS) in space. The PTIM was operated under both; (1) a programmable fixed feed mode, and (2) a moisture sensor feedback control mode. For the former, increased levels of water use efficiency were evident within the PTNDS component of the study. For the latter, moisture sensors within the SNDS were evaluated at setpoints of 65-85% relative water content. Data demonstrating the ability of this approach to control moisture levels and the vertical moisture distribution patterns obtained over an 18 d grow-out interval are presented.&lt;/div&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antimicrobial Evaluation of a Series of 7‐(3‐Amino (or Aminomethyl)‐4‐aryl (or cyclopropyl)‐1‐pyrrolidinyl)‐4‐quinolone‐ and ‐ 1,8‐naphthyridone‐3‐carboxylic Acids. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Lebensqualität von älteren Menschen mit leichten kognitiven Störungen (2014)

The fact, that mild cognitive disorders are associated with such a significant reduction in QOL for those affected, received little attention so far and may warrant interventions.
Reduction of Coding Artifacts Using Chrominance And Luminance Spatial Analysis (2006)

This paper presents a new low-cost method for coding artifact reduction of MPEG compressed video sequences. The algorithm detects possible locations of blocking and ringing artifacts by analyzing local spatial activity of luminance and chrominance components. The analysis explores differences in processing of luminance and chrominance during video coding. Depending on the outcomes of the analysis, one of three low-pass filters is applied. The results of our experiments show the high efficiency of the proposed approach.
Multi-laboratory efforts for the standardization of performance assessment of diffuse optics instruments – the BitMap Exercise (2020)

A multi-laboratory exercise, involving 29 diffuse optical instruments, aimed at performance assessment of diffuse optics instruments on standardized protocols is presented. The overarching methodology and future actions will also be discussed.
Ag7 AND Ag8 QUANTUM CLUSTERS SUPPORTED ON ALUMINA: NEW CATALYSTS FOR ORGANIC REACTIONS (2011)

Silver quantum clusters (QCs) stabilized by mercaptosuccinic acid (MSA) have been synthesized at room temperature from Ag nanoparticles through an interfacial etching process. The as-synthesized red emitting QCs were coated on alumina and the supported clusters have been characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive analysis of X-rays (EDAX) and fluorescence spectroscopy. Catalytic activity of Ag QCs supported on alumina have been exploited for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol in presence of sodium borohydride. The reaction followed pseudo-first order kinetics. The catalyst separated from the product remains active and can be recycled several times. Other nitroaromatic compounds have also been tested. Synthesis of the solid phase catalyst, applications and detailed kinetic studies of the reduction of 4-nitrophenol are reported.
On-board Energy Storage Systems based on Lithium Ion Capacitors for LRT Energy Saving: Optimization Design Procedure (2020)

Storage technologies devices are very interesting solutions for improving energy saving and guaranteeing contemporaneously to enhance the electrical characteristics of Light Rail Transit (LRT) systems. Onboard Energy Storage System based on Lithium Ion Capacitor (LiC) devices represent a viable engineering solution for energy saving optimization. The authors suggest a multi-objective design optimization procedure based on catenary and storage power losses minimization. A test characterization of ESS has been presented in order to use the better appropriate modeling of LiC for the examined case study. The numerical simulation allows to confirm the feasibility of the proposed design procedure.
An Implementation of Limited Multi-Level (LML) Optical Recording (2001)

Multi-level pits and lands are mastered compatible with the compact disc (CD) format in a sub-channel on top of the original Runlength-Limited (RLL) channel, which remains unaffected. By introducing multi-level effects only in long pit and land runlengths of the main RLL channel, two additional Limited Multi-Level (LML) channels are created. Via the restriction of the multi-level modulation to relatively long runlengths, it is realized that the jitter in the original channel is not affected and that separate (independent) slicers for all pit multi-level effects and for the land multi-level effects can be used. An additional achievement is that a slicer is devised for retrieving the LML-bits which is optimized for maintaining a maximum capacity in the multi-level channel. The LML system is evaluated using both simulations and experiments on read-only discs.