gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phenolic Compounds Removal in Woodwaste Leachate by a Trickling Biofilter (2017)

Woodwaste produces large volumes of leachate, which often contains high concentrations of phenolic compounds. These compounds necessitate appropriate management. Biological methods are efficient, innovative, and economic. In particular, biofiltration process has various advantages compared to CAS and MBR technologies. Two pilot filters, with and without biological activity, were designed for continuous mechanisms to follow. This study supposes that the three mechanisms of volatilization, sorption, and biodegradation are present, confirm these assumptions, and determine the contribution of each mechanism. Good efficiency was obtained in the biofilter and 97–98.2% of COD and BOD removal were observed, respectively. Excellent performances were achieved and reached 99.9% of initial concentrations removal for all the phenolic compounds.
A Pilot Study to Assess Solanesol Levels in Exhaled Cigarette Smoke (2008)

Abstract This paper describes the results obtained during the measurement of the level of solanesol in exhaled cigarette smoke from human subjects. The study was performed with three different cigarettes with U.S. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) ‘tar’ values of 5.0 mg, 10.6 mg, and 16.2 mg. The number of human subjects was ten smokers for each of the evaluated products, each subject smoking three cigarettes within one hour. The exhaled smoke was collected using a vacuum assisted procedure that avoids strain in exhaling, and the solanesol was analyzed using an original high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique. The cigarette butts from the smokers were collected and also analyzed for solanesol. The results obtained for the cigarette butts from the smokers were used to calculate the level of solanesol delivered to the smoker, based on calibration curves. These curves were generated separately by analyzing the solanesol in smoke and in the cigarette butts obtained by machine smoking under different puffing regimes. Knowing the levels of solanesol delivered to the smoker and the exhaled levels it was possible to calculate the retention and retention % of this compound from mainstream smoke for different cigarettes types. The amount of retained solanesol is the lowest for the 5.0 mg ‘tar’ product, and the highest for the 16.2 mg ‘tar’ product, although there is not much difference between the 10.6 mg ‘tar’ product and the 16.2 mg ‘tar’ product. For the 10.6 mg ‘tar’ cigarettes the retention % was between 60% and 72%, for the 5.0 mg product the retention % was slightly lower ranging between 53% and 70%, while for the 16.2 mg ‘tar’ product, the retention % was slightly higher ranging between 62% and 82%. A statistical analysis of the retention % data using ANOVA single factor analysis showed that the 10.6 mg ‘tar’ cigarette is not different from the 16.2 mg ‘tar’ product while the retention % for the 5.0 mg ‘tar’ cigarette was statistically different from the other two products. The values for the retention % of solanesol by human smokers as found in this study were in very good agreement with the few reported results in the literature.
A Bayesian Method for Robust Estimation of Distributional Similarities (2010)

Existing word similarity measures are not robust to data sparseness since they rely only on the point estimation of words' context profiles obtained from a limited amount of data. This paper proposes a Bayesian method for robust distributional word similarities. The method uses a distribution of context profiles obtained by Bayesian estimation and takes the expectation of a base similarity measure under that distribution. When the context profiles are multinomial distributions, the priors are Dirichlet, and the base measure is the Bhattacharyya coefficient, we can derive an analytical form that allows efficient calculation. For the task of word similarity estimation using a large amount of Web data in Japanese, we show that the proposed measure gives better accuracies than other well-known similarity measures.
Direct Formation of Patterned Nickel Film on Polymer Using Selective Electroless Deposition and Electroless Anisotropic Growth Plating (2011)

Plating on plastic technology is widely applied in electronics-related fields. Conventionally, good adhesion strength between metal and resin has been obtained from the anchoring effect of a roughened surface. However, as the frequency increases, detrimental influences arise from the skin effect in the high-speed transmission. Therefore, the interface of the conductor and substrate should be as smooth as possible. A metal film with high adhesion strength and surface smoothness can be formed by surface modification with UV irradiation. This led us to the examination of selective deposition with the UV irradiation technique. In addition, anisotropic growth has been obtained by the addition of inhibitors to the electroless plating bath where pattern formation was possible without using resist by controlling the horizontal growth during plating. Anisotropic growth on selectively UV-irradiated regions has been obtained by the addition of inhibitors to the electroless nickel-plating solution and in this study, direct nickel-pattern formation was accomplished without using resist by controlling the plating growth in the horizontal direction in a technique combining selective deposition and anisotropic growth.
Observation of synchrotron radiation from runaway discharges (1989)

It has been observed on TEXTOR that in low density discharges the electrons gain enough energy to emit relativistic synchrotron radiation in the 3--6 {mu}m IR-range, and this radiation is due to electrons with energies up to 30 MeV. The momentum in perpendicular direction amounts to about 1/10 of the longitudinal one. The total number of runaways is of the order of 10{sup 16} electrons, and they carry a current of about 20% of the total plasma current. 3 refs., 1 fig.
EX VIVO EVALUATION OF TRILLIUM COATED CONNECTORS (2001)

Trillium coatingTM (Medtronic Inc; Minneapolis, MN) offers, in addition to the presence of heparin, endothelium-like properties of its negatively charged surface. Its thrombo-resistant properties on PVC connectors are tested here and compared with uncoated standard connectors as well as with the CBAS® heparin surface coating. A bovine (bodyweight, 68±5 Kg) left heart bypass model (pump flow, 3.5 L/min) was selected and the surfaces were exposed to the blood stream up to 360 min without systemic heparinization. Thereafter, another set of samples was exposed to stagnant blood over 20 min. Besides hemodynamic, hematologic and biochemical analyzes, the macroscopic appearance of 45 blood exposed surface samples were graded semi-quantitatively on a scale of 0 to 10: no macroscopic deposits = grade 0, 1 spot (1 mm diameter) = grade 1, 2 spots = grade 2, 5 or more spots = grade 5, up to 10% surface covered with clots= grade 6, 100% covered= grade 10. When exposed to blood flow, trillium and CBAS coatings showed globally a statistically significant (p=0.03) better thrombo-resistance (score: 0±0 for both) than uncoated connectors (score: 0.8±1.5), in this non-heparinized model. The same holds true when the connectors were exposed to stagnant blood (score: 0±0 for both coatings vs. 4.3±2.8 for control). Therefore, trillium coating exhibits significant antithrombotic properties which out perform standard for tubings in clinical perfusion.
Accuracy of catheter-based near-infrared auto-fluorescence detection in human coronary plaques (2021)

There is significant histopathological and clinical evidence that near-infrared auto-fluorescence (NIRAF) complements optical coherence tomography (OCT) for detecting high-risk coronary plaque. Here, we determined the accuracy of an OCT-NIRAF imaging system and catheter for detecting NIRAF in human coronary lesions. OCT-NIRAF pullback imaging was performed on human cadaver coronary arteries (n=33 from 14 patients) during PBS perfusion via a fully integrated OCT-NIRAF imaging system and catheter (NIRAF ex. 633 nm, 1 mW power; em. 660-740nm). Confocal NIRAF images were acquired from corresponding unstained formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections (Olympus FLUOVIEW FV1000; ex. 635 nm; em. 655-755nm). OCT-NIRAF and confocal NIRAF images were registered using known pullback speed, anatomical landmarks, and fiducial features (e.g., calcification), and spatially overlapped by affine transformation of the confocal NIRAF images. Each image was split into 8, 45º-sectors, emanating from the catheter location. Each 45&deg;-sector was determined to be positive if &lt;5% of the intima contained confocal NIRAF, and if &lt;5% of 45&deg;-arc (2.25&deg;) of the catheter-based NIRAF signal was above the system’s detection limit. A total of 1896 45&deg;-sectors from 291 distinct coronary locations were analyzed using confocal NIRAF as the gold standard. Considering superficial confocal NIRAF foci within 0.5 mm from the luminal surface, sensitivity and specificity were 90.0% (95%CI: 69.8- 100.0%) and 90.2% (95%CI: 88.8-91.7%), respectively. Within 0.5 mm to 1.0 mm depth from the luminal surface, the sensitivity was 36.4% (95%CI: 15.0-57.8%) and specificity was 90.1% (95%CI: 88.6-91.5%). These results indicate that the OCT-NIRAF system/catheter’s ability to detect NIRAF is depth dependent and accurate in plaque regions (within 0.5 mm from the luminal surface) that are most responsible for precipitating coronary events.
Nearest-Neighbor Search on a Time Budget via Max-Margin Trees (2012)

Many high-profile applications pose high-dimensional nearest-neighbor search problems. Yet, it still remains difficult to achieve fast query times for state-of-the-art approaches which use multidimensional trees for either exact or approximate search, possibly in combination with hashing approaches. Moreover, a number of these applications only have a limited amount of time to answer nearest-neighbor queries. However, we observe empirically that the correct neighbor is often found early within the tree-search process, while the bulk of the time is spent on verifying its correctness. Motivated by this, we propose an algorithm for finding the best neighbor given any particular time limit, and develop a new data structure, the max-margin tree, to achieve accurate results even with small time budgets. Max-margin trees perform better in the limited-time setting than current commonly-used data structures such as the kd-tree and more recently developed data structures like the RP-tree.
The Ideal Doping Concentration in Phosphorescent Organic Light Emitting Devices (2011)

The method for prediction of an ideal doping concentration in phosphorescent organic light emitting devices (PHOLEDs) is proposed by consideration of filling imaginary spherical molecules in 4×4×4 face-centered cubic lattice. Calculated ideal doping concentration is about 0.93 mol % in similar spherical size of host and guest molecules. Two different host materials are selected to demonstrate this concept. The ideal doping concentration of 4,4'- N , N '-dicarbazolebiphenyl (CBP) host with fac -tris(2-phenyl-pyridinato)iridium(III) [Ir(ppy) 3 ] guest system is predicted to be 1.19 wt % (0.93 mol %), which is observed at relatively thin (∼10 nm) emitting layer (EML) condition presumably due to a deep trapping nature of the hole carriers at dopant molecules. The external quantum efficiency (EQE) is improved with increasing the doping concentration and thickness due to a preliminary trap filling process at the dopant molecules. Hence, we obtain the maximum EQE of 17.3% at a slightly over-doped and thicker condition (3%, 20 nm EML). Conversely, maximum EQE value of 20.7% is obtained at 1.5% doping concentration which is relatively less value from that of the calculated ideal doping concentration condition (∼1.93 wt %) from bis[2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-pyridine] beryllium (Bepp 2 ) host with Ir(ppy) 3 guest system.
Microcalorimetry applications of a surface micromachined bolometer-type thermal probe (2000)

This article describes a surface micromachined scanning thermal probe that uses polyimide as the structural material and an embedded thin film metal resistor as the sensing element. The typical dimensions of a fabricated probe are 350 μm in length, 50 μm in width, and 3–10 μm in thickness. The resistor and the scanning tip are formed by sputter-deposited films of nickel and tungsten, which provide temperature coefficient of resistance of 2963 ppm/K. The probe is used to map surface and subsurface spatial variations in the thermal conductivity of a test sample. It is also used as a spatially localized microcalorimeter to measure the glass transition temperature of photoresists: the values obtained for Shipley 1813 and UV6 are 118±1 °C and 137±1 °C, respectively. These are in close agreement with results obtained by other methods that utilize larger samples.
EXTH-47. THERAPEUTIC REVERSAL OF PRENATAL PONTINE ID1 SIGNALING IN DIPG (2019)

Abstract Diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPGs) are lethal brain tumors with no effective therapies other than radiation. Inhibitor of DNA binding (ID) proteins are key regulators of tissue and lineage-specific gene differentiation during embryogenesis. Previous work has shown that H3F3A and ACVR1 mutations increase ID1 expression in cultured astrocytes, but this has not been validated in human DIPG, nor has the regulation and targetability of ID1 been explored in DIPG. Analysis of multi-focal post-mortem tumor and normal brain tissue (n=52) as well as multiple human datasets revealed ID1 to be elevated in DIPG. Elevated ID1 was found to correlate with reduced survival in DIPG. In a multi-focal autopsy DIPG case, we found ID1 expression to be heterogeneous and to correlate with tumor invasion. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-qPCR (ChIP-qPCR) was used to quantify H3K27ac and H3K27me3 at ID1 gene regulatory regions (promoters/enhancers) in multi-focal post-mortem tissue. The ID1 loci was found to be epigenetically poised for up-regulation (elevated H3K27ac and low H3K27me3) in DIPG tissue, regardless of H3 or ACVR1 mutation status, compared to normal brain. Analysis of publically-available ISH and ChIP-sequencing data revealed elevated ID1 expression and ID1-enhancer H3K27ac in prenatal mouse hindbrain compared to prenatal forebrain, prenatal midbrain, and all postnatal brain regions. ID1 shRNA-mediated knockdown of primary human H3K27M DIPG cells (DIPG007) resulted in significantly reduced invasion and migration. As cannabidiol (CBD) has successfully been used to therapeutically target ID1 in pre-clinical models of adult human cancers, we treated DIPG007 cells with CBD and found reduced viability at clinically relevant dosing (IC50=2.4 uM) with dose-dependent reduction in ID1 protein. ID1 knockdown and CBD treatment studies in murine models of DIPG are ongoing. These findings indicate that a multifactorial (genetic and regionally-based) epigenetic upregulation of ID1 drives DIPG invasiveness and is targetable with CBD.
Peptides based on the presenilin‐APP binding domain inhibit APP processing and Aβ production through interfering with the APP transmembrane domain (2012)

Presenilins (PSENs) form the catalytic component of the γ-secretase complex, responsible for intramembrane proteolysis of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and Notch, among many other membrane proteins. Previously, we identified a PSEN1-binding domain in APP, encompassing half of the transmembrane domain following the amyloid β (Aβ) sequence. Based on this, we designed peptides mimicking this interaction domain with the aim to selectively block APP processing and Aβ generation through interfering with enzyme-substrate binding. We identified a peptide sequence that, when fused to a virally derived translocation peptide, significantly lowered Aβ production (IC(50): 317 nM) in cell-free and cell-based assays using APP-carboxy terminal fragment as a direct γ-secretase substrate. Being derived from the APP sequence, this inhibitory peptide did not affect NotchΔE γ-cleavage, illustrating specificity and potential therapeutic value. In cell-based assays, the peptide strongly suppressed APP shedding, demonstrating that it exerts the inhibitory effect already upstream of γ-secretase, most likely through steric hindrance.
Influence of aortic pressure on effective regurgitant orifice area in aortic regurgitation. (1992)

The aortic regurgitant orifice area is dependent on both aortic pressure and the nature of the defect in the valve. Because not all regurgitant aortic valves are alike, further study of the nature of the regurgitant orifice area in humans may allow identification of patients who would benefit most from aggressive pharmacological therapy.
Optimized reflector stacks for solidly mounted bulk acoustic wave resonators (2010)

The quality factor (Q) of a solidly mounted bulk acoustic wave resonator (SMR) is limited by substrate losses, because the acoustic mirror is traditionally optimized to reflect longitudinal waves only. We propose two different design approaches derived from optics to tailor the acoustic mirror for effective reflection of both longitudinal and shear waves. The first one employs the stopband theory in optics; the second one takes advantage of the periodic nature of reflection spectra in a Bragg reflector: the diffraction grating design approach. The optimized design using stopband theory reaches a calculated minimum transmission of 25 dB and 20 dB at resonance frequency for longitudinal and shear waves, respectively, for various practical reflector material combinations. Using the diffraction grating approach, a near quarter-wave performance is maintained for longitudinal waves, whereas shear waves reach minimum transmission below 26 dB. However, this design does necessitate relatively thick layers. The experimental results show good agreement with finite element models (FEM). The extracted 1-D Q for the realized shear optimized devices was increased to around 3300.
Effect of Layer Integrity of Spin Self-Assembled Multilayer Films on Surface Wettability (2004)

We investigated the correlation between surface wettability and internal structure of polyelectrolyte (PE)/PE and PE/inorganic multilayer films prepared by the spin self-assembly (SA) method. Spin self-assembled poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH)/poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) multilayer films deposited from PE solutions of 10 mM show the distinct oscillation in contact angles with variation of the outermost PE layer, representing the saturated values in contact angles of individual PAH and PSS layers. These contact angles are also well consistent with the angles measured from respective PE layers (i.e., PAH and PSS) of the spin SA (PAH/CdS-COO-) and (CdS-NH3+/PSS) films carrying the flat interface between PE and inorganic CdS nanoparticle layers as confirmed by X-ray reflectivity. Furthermore, based on the contact angle of CdS-NH3+ layer in the ordered (CdS-NH3+/PSS) films, the change in surface wettability of CdS-NH3+ layers of two different spin SA (CdS-NH3+/poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA)) multilayer films with ordered and disordered internal structure is also investigated. The films with ordered and disordered internal structure were fabricated by the pH adjustment of PMAA. The CdS-NH3+ layer in both CdS-NH3+/PSS and CdS-NH3+/PMAA multilayer films with the ordered internal structure has the contact angle of about 25 +/- 2 degrees irrespective of the PSS or PMAA sublayer. As a result, the same surface wettability of PE or inorganic layers, despite different sublayers, strongly indicates that the spin SA method in optimum condition allows the top surface to be completely covered with a low level ofinterdigitation with a sublayer at each deposition step, and this leads to the conclusion that physical and chemical characteristics of the sublayers have no significant influence on those of the outermost layer.
Vinyl addition polymerization of norbornene with cationic (allyl)Ni catalysts: Mechanistic insights and characterization of first insertion products (2009)

Abstract Several cationic (allyl)Ni(II) complexes were synthesized and shown to be highly active for (2,3)‐vinyl addition polymerization of norbornene to yield polymers with low molecular weight distributions (MWDs) ranging from 1.4–1.9. In all cases slow initiation was followed by rapid propagation which prevents molecular weight control of the poly(norbornene). One of the intermediates in the polymerization process has been identified and characterized by NMR spectroscopy as the first insertion product resulting from the insertion of norbornene into the NiC allyl bond in cis‐exo fashion. This insertion product was synthesized independently and NMR studies showed that the first insertion of norbornene into the NiC allyl bond is a reversible process. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 2560–2573, 2009
Propagation of pulsed finite amplitude sound beams in a liquid with strong absorption. (1992)

Measurements of intense acoustic pulses generated by directive sources in a liquid with strong absorption are compared with theoretical predictions based on a time domain numerical solution of the KZK nonlinear parabolic wave equation [Lee and Hamilton, in UltrasonicsInternational 91 ConferenceProceedings (Butterworth–Heinemann, Oxford, 1991), pp. 177–180]. The computer program is useful for describing the propagation of tone bursts with various amplitude and frequency modulations. Experiments were performed in glycerin with narrow-band pulses having center frequencies of several megahertz. The pulses experience self-demodulation that leads to far-field waveforms characterized by the low-frequency envelope, as predicted by the asymptotic theory of Berktay [J. Sound Vib. 2, 435–461 (1965)]. Good agreement between theory and experiment was obtained for amplitude-modulated tone bursts, not only at far-field axial positions as achieved first by Moffett etal. [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 49, 339–343 (1971)], but also off axis, throughout the transition region and into the near field. the effects of frequency modulation are also discussed. [Work supported by the ONR and the David and Lucile Packard Foundation.]
Practical Aspects and Body Diode Robustness of a 1200 V SiC Trench MOSFET (2018)

An increasingly number of power electronic applications in the field of DC/DC or solar inverters is making use of the Silicon Carbide MOSFET, especially in the device voltage class of 1200 V and above. At these voltages bipolar switches like the well understood IGBT are state of the art. The paper investigates the main electrical differences between IGBT and SiC trench MOSFET and physical aspects which go hand in hand with new device generations, for example the more pronounced short channel effect or the VGS(th) hysteresis. The impact on device characteristics is explained and the robustness of the device under short circuit and body diode surge current and commutation safeoperating area is shown.
Reducing auto moiré in discrete line juxtaposed halftoning (2013)

Discrete line juxtaposed halftoning creates color halftones with discrete colorant lines of freely selectable rational thicknesses laid-out side by side. Screen elements are made of parallelogram screen tiles incorporating the discrete colorant lines. The repetition of discrete colorant lines from one screen element to the next may create auto moiré artifacts. By decomposing each supertile into screen element tiles having slightly different rational thicknesses, we ensure that successive discrete colorant lines have different phases in respect to the underlying pixel grid. The resulting repetition vector is different from one discrete line to the next discrete line of the same colorant. This strongly reduces the original auto moiré artifacts.