gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The transmission of high and low power acoustical transient waves via optical fibers (1994)

This paper presents preliminary results of investigations to use an optical fiber as an acoustical waveguide. In theoretical investigations the acoustical properties of the optical fibers with a clad rod structure demonstrate the fiber as an excellent acoustical waveguide. The possibility of high power ultrasonic transmission is shown. Ultrasound in the frequency range between 20 and 100 kHz, generated with magnetostrictive and piezoelectric transducers is transmitted via silica glass tapers and fibers. The coupling between the transducer and the glass has been investigated. The fiber end oscillated with an elongation up to 80 μm over a length of 1 m. The technique is useful for endoscopic surgery. The glass fiber is used as a flexible waveguide for high power transmission of ultrasound and laser radiation simultaneously. Laser ultrasound surgical therapy (LUST) allows the selective cutting of tissue and the blood coagulation with one applicator
Effective Hydrogen Generation from H2S by Utilizing the Sulfur Cycle (2)-Conversion Method from Elemental Sulfur to H2S by Biological Reaction- (2010)

Photocatalytic decomposition of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) into hydrogen (H2) by using the stratified type photocatalyst is considered as efficient route for the conversion of natural energy (solar energy) into clean energy (H2) . This reaction obeyed to next formula; 2HS-→2H+ + S22- + 2e-→H2↑+ S22-. To construct the continuous system, effective conversion route from S22-ion into H2S gas should be developed. In other word, sulfur cycle system should be constructed.In this report, conversion route from sulfur compounds (elemental sulfur and Na2SO4) into H2S by utilizing biological reaction was studied. H2S gas was stably synthesized until c.a.5% in the case of elemental sulfur addition, while it was c.a. 2% in the case of Na2SO4. Rate of biological reaction was seriously decreased if concentration of H2S was over these values because of its toxicity. Conversion efficiency was higher in the case of elemental sulfur addition since impediment of sodium ion was not progressed.
Fine frequency grid phase calibration setup for the Large Signal Network Analyzer (2006)

Large signal analyzers measure calibrated waves. Besides the classical linear SOLT-calibration, this requires two additional calibration steps : a power and a phase calibration over frequency. Nowadays phase relations can be calibrated with a frequency resolution of 2MHz. The aim of this paper is to obtain a fine frequency grid phase calibration for the Large Signal Network Analyser [1] based on a coarse grid phase calibration. The approach uses a frequency conversion performed with a crystal detector.
Regular use of proton pump inhibitor and risk of rheumatoid arthritis in women: a prospective cohort study (2020)

Regular use of PPI was associated with increased risk of RA in women, with a higher risk observed in individuals with a longer duration of PPI use. Due to the observational study design, large prospective trials are still required to confirm our finding.
Performance and mechanism of sinusoidal leading edge serrations for the reduction of turbulence–aerofoil interaction noise (2017)

This paper presents the results of a detailed experimental investigation into the effectiveness of sinusoidal leading edge serrations on aerofoils for the reduction of the noise generated by the interaction with turbulent flow. A detailed parametric study is performed to investigate the sensitivity of the noise reductions to the serration amplitude and wavelength. The study is primarily performed on flat plates in an idealized turbulent flow, which we demonstrate captures the same behaviour as when identical serrations are introduced onto three-dimensional aerofoils. The influence on the noise reduction of the turbulence integral length scale is also studied. An optimum serration wavelength is identified whereby maximum noise reductions are obtained, corresponding to when the transverse integral length scale is approximately one-fourth the serration wavelength. This paper proves that, at the optimum serration wavelength, adjacent valley sources are excited incoherently. One of the most important findings of this paper is that, at the optimum serration wavelength, the sound power radiation from the serrated aerofoil varies inversely proportional to the Strouhal number $St_{h}=fh/U$ , where $f$ , $h$ and $U$ are frequency, serration amplitude and flow speed, respectively. A simple model is proposed to explain this behaviour. Noise reductions are observed to generally increase with increasing frequency until the frequency at which aerofoil self-noise dominates the interaction noise. Leading edge serrations are also shown to reduce aerofoil self-noise. The mechanism for this phenomenon is explored through particle image velocimetry measurements. Finally, the lift and drag of the serrated aerofoil are obtained through direct measurement and compared against the straight edge baseline aerofoil. It is shown that aerodynamic performance is not substantially degraded by the introduction of the leading edge serrations on the aerofoil.
Evaluation of Anti-Stain Efficacy of Myoung-oil, Traditional Coating Agent (2020)

In this study, the anti-stain effect of the Traditional Myoung-oil, which has been reproduced through traditional method, the Clean Myoung-oil, which was developed in an eco-friendly method through scientific analysis of Traditional Myoung-oil, and the perilla oil, which is the raw material of Myoung-oil and is currently used as a finishing agent when repairing wooden cultural properties was evaluated. As a result of the evaluation, perilla oil showed almost no anti-stain effect, whereas both types of Myoung-oil showed high anti-stain effect. However, it was confirmed that the anti-stain effect was significantly reduced after 4 weeks of exposure to the strain when Myoung-oil was diluted with terpene oil, a natural solvent. Thus, it was considered that the amount of treatment in the wood affected the anti-stain effect of Myoung-oil. In other words, in constructing wooden buildings, Myoung-o il is more suitable as a finishing agent to suppress mold growth than perilla oil. And, in order to increase the applicability of Myoung-oil, it is suggested that additional research on the optimal treatment amount and treatment method that can inhibit mold growth inhibition in outdoor environments is necessary.
A new insight into the chemistry of iridium(iii) complexes bearing phenyl phenylphosphonite cyclometalate and chelating pyridyl triazolate: the excited-state proton transfer tautomerism via an inter-ligand PO–H⋯N hydrogen bond (2014)

Treatment of [IrCl3(tht)3], where tht = tetrahydrothiophene, with two equiv. of phenyl diphenylphosphinite (pdpitH) gave [Ir(pdpitH)(pdpit)(tht)Cl2] (1), which on further reaction with 3-t-butyl-5-(2-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazole (bptzH) and NaOAc using a one-pot reaction afforded [Ir(pdpit)2(bptz)] (2). In sharp contrast, the reaction of [IrCl3(tht)3], pdpitH, and bptzH in the presence of a stronger base, Na2CO3, afforded a phenyl phenylphosphonite (pppo)-containing Ir(III) complex [Ir(pdpit)(pppo)(bptz)] (3) that reveals a strong PO-H-N inter-ligand hydrogen bond (H-bond), as evidenced by the single crystal X-ray structural analysis. For confirmation, addition of diazomethane to a diethylether solution of 3 led to the isolation of two methylated Ir(III) isomeric complexes, i.e. [Ir(pdpit)(pppoMe)(bptz)] (4) and [Ir(pdpit)(pppo)(bptzMe)] (5), possessing either a PO-Me or N-Me bonding fragment, respectively. The absorption spectrum of 3 in CH2Cl2 resembles that of 4, implying the dominant PO-H character in solution. Despite the prevailing PO-H character both in the solid crystal and in solution, its corresponding emission resembles that of 5, leading us to propose a mechanism incorporating the excited-state inter-ligand proton transfer (ESILPT) from PO-H to N-H isomeric form via the pre-existing PO···H···N hydrogen bond. The thermodynamics of proton transfer tautomerism are discussed on the basis of absorption/emission spectroscopy in combination with computational approaches; additional support is given by the relationship between emission pattern versus the position of protons and methyl substituents. The results demonstrate for the first time a paradigm of excited-state proton transfer for the transition metal complexes in the triplet manifold.
A fibrin enhanced thrombosis model for medical devices operating at low shear regimes or large surface areas (2022)

Abstract Over the past decade, much of the development of computational models of device-related thrombosis has focused on platelet activity. While those models have been successful in predicting thrombus formation in medical devices operating at high shear rates ( &gt; 5000 s −1 ), they cannot be directly applied to low-shear devices, such as blood oxygenators and catheters, where emerging information suggest that fibrin formation is the predominant mechanism of clotting and platelet activity plays a secondary role. In the current work, we augment an existing platelet-based model of thrombosis with a partial model of the coagulation cascade that includes contact activation of factor XII and fibrin production. To calibrate the model, we simulate a backward-facing-step flow channel that has been extensively characterized in-vitro. Next, we perform blood perfusion experiments through a microfluidic chamber mimicking a hollow fiber membrane oxygenator and validate the model against these observations. The simulation results closely match the time evolution of the thrombus height and length in the backward-facing-step experiment. Application of the model to the microfluidic hollow fiber bundle chamber capture both gross features such as the increasing clotting trend towards the outlet of the chamber, as well as finer local features such as the structure of fibrin around individual hollow fibers. Our results are in line with recent findings that suggest fibrin production, through contact activation of factor XII, drives the thrombus formation in medical devices operating at low shear rates with large surface area to volume ratios. Author summary Patients treated with blood-contacting medical devices suffer from clotting complications. Over the past decades, a great effort has been made to develop computational tools to predict and prevent clot formation in these devices. However, most models have focused on platelet activity and neglected other important parts of the problem such as the coagulation cascade reactions that lead to fibrin formation. In the current work, we incorporate this missing element into a well-established and validated model for platelet activity. We then use this novel approach to predict thrombus formation in two experimental configurations. Our results confirm that to accurately predict the clotting process in devices where surface area to volume ratios are large and flow velocity and shear stresses remain low, coagulation reactions and subsequent fibrin formation must be considered. This new model could have great implications for the design and optimization of medical devices such as blood oxygenators. In the long term, the model could evolve into a functional tool to inform anticoagulation therapies for these patients.
Safety of third dose of COVID-19 vaccination in frail patients: Results from the prospective Italian VAX4FRAIL study (2022)

https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04848493, identifier NCT04848493.
In Situ FT-IR Analysis on Dynamic Behavior of Electrolyte Solution on LiFePO4 Thin Film Electrode (2011)

Abstract not Available.
New Views of Old Proteins: Clarifying the Enigmatic Proteome (2022)

All human diseases involve proteins, yet our current tools to characterize and quantify them are limited. To better elucidate proteins across space, time, and molecular composition, we provide a >10 years of projection for technologies to meet the challenges that protein biology presents. With a broad perspective, we discuss grand opportunities to transition the science of proteomics into a more propulsive enterprise. Extrapolating recent trends, we describe a next generation of approaches to define, quantify, and visualize the multiple dimensions of the proteome, thereby transforming our understanding and interactions with human disease in the coming decade.
Comparative analysis of polymorphic ventricular tachyarrhyhmias and fibrillation: clinical observations and numerical experiments (2002)

Spiral waves are known to cause dangerous ventricular tachyarrhythmias (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF). In vitro experiments and numerical simulations demonstrate that nonstationary spiral waves that drift or meander along the surface of cardiac tissue, result in the temporal fibrillatory-like irregularities in recorded myocardial electrograms (ECG). However, the correlation between VF-VT reentrant mechanisms remains unclear. Here, the authors use a comparison of the results of computational modeling with data acquired in the clinical electrophysiology laboratory to demonstrate how the fibrillation patterns in human hearts depart from VT reentrant properties approaching complex spatio-temporal irregularities.
Tetraethyl orthosilicate-based glass composition and method (2023)

A tetraethyl orthosilicate-based, sol-gel glass composition with additives selected for various applications. The composition is made by mixing ethanol, water, and tetraethyl orthosilicate, adjusting the pH into the acid range, and aging the mixture at room temperature. The additives, such as an optical indicator, filler, or catalyst, are then added to the mixture to form the composition which can be applied to a substrate before curing. If the additive is an indicator, the light-absorbing characteristics of which vary upon contact with a particular analyte, the indicator can be applied to a lens, optical fiber, reagant strip, or flow cell for use in chemical analysis. Alternatively, an additive such as alumina particles is blended into the mixture to form a filler composition for patching cracks in metal, glass, or ceramic piping.
Suspended InGaAs Sub-Wavelength Grating Cladding Waveguide for Monolithic Integration with Quantum Cascade Lasers and Detectors for Mid-Infrared On-Chip Gas Sensing (2020)

Fully suspended InGaAs membrane sub-wavelength grating cladding waveguides (SWWs) are designed and fabricated for mid-infrared ammonia sensing at X=6.15pm in the InGaAs- InP platform considering monolithic integration of quantum cascade devices with 84 ppb estimating sensitivity.
Author Correction: Caenorhabditis elegans is a useful model for anthelmintic discovery (2020)

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Multi-functional resonant micro-sensor for simultaneous magnetic, CO2, and CH4 detection (2022)

We present a highly sensitive multi-parameter sensor for magnetic and gas detection. The device is based on an in-plane doubly clamped micro-beam micro-resonator, which is electrothermally heated. It acts as a Lorentz force magnetic sensor of high sensitivity, good linearity, good repeatability, and low hysteresis effect. It also functions as a gas-sensor based on the cooling/heating effect of the micro-beam as demonstrated for carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) detection. The CO2/CH4 sensor shows high sensitivity and excellent linearity. In addition, we demonstrate simultaneous magnetic and gas detection by tracking the frequency shift of the first two symmetric and anti-symmetric modes at the same time. We show that the sensitivity of the magnetometer is gas-independent and only depends on the frequency shift of the second mode, which is unaffected by variations of the thermal axial load. For the first time, high sensitivity to magnetic fields, CO2, and CH4 is demonstrated using the same device. The demonstrated simultaneous and highly-sensitive multi-parameter sensing platform using a single resonator is promising for smart environmental and monitoring applications.
HIV-1 subtype B-infected MSM may have driven the spread of transmitted resistant strains in France in 2007–12: impact on susceptibility to first-line strategies (2015)

Abstract Background Our study describes the prevalence of transmitted drug resistance (TDR) among 1318 French patients diagnosed at the time of primary HIV-1 infection (PHI) in 2007–12. Methods HIV-1 resistance-associated mutations (RAMs) were characterized using both the 2009 WHO list of mutations and the French ANRS algorithm. A genotypic susceptibility score was estimated for each first-line recommended ART combination. Results Patients were mainly MSM (72.6%). Non-B variants were identified in 33.7% of patients. The proportion of TDR was estimated as 11.7% (95% CI 10.0–13.5). The prevalences of PI-, NRTI-, first-generation NNRTI and etravirine/rilpivirine-associated RAMs were 2.5%, 5.2%, 3.9% and 3.2%, respectively. Single, dual and triple class resistance was found in 9.6%, 1.0% and 1.1% of cases, respectively. Additionally, 5/331 strains isolated in 2010–12 had integrase inhibitor (II)-related RAMs (isolated E157Q mutation in all cases). TDR was more common among MSM than in other groups (12.9% versus 8.6%, P = 0.034), and in case of B versus non-B subtype infections (13.6% versus 7.9%, P = 0.002). The proportions of fully active combinations were ≥99.2%, ≥97.3% and ≥95.3% in cases of PI-, II- and NNRTI-based regimens, respectively. In 2010–12, the proportion of fully active efavirenz-based ART was lower in cases of subtype B versus non-B infection (P = 0.021). Conclusions Compared with our previous studies, the proportion of NRTI- and first-generation NNRTI-related TDR has continued to decline in French seroconverters. However, subtype B-infected MSM could drive the spread of resistant HIV strains. Finally, we suggest preferring PI- or II- to NNRTI-based combinations to treat PHI patients.
Semisynthesis and Characterization of the First Analogues of Pro‐Neuropeptide Y (2003)

Enzymatic cleavage of prohormone neuropeptide Y (proNPY) leads to mature neuropeptide Y (NPY), a widely distributed neuropeptide with multiple functions both peripherally and centrally. A single dibasic pair of amino acids, Lys38-Arg39, represents the recognition motif for a class of hormone-processing enzymes known as prohormone convertases (PCs). Two members of this PC family, PC1/3 and PC2, are involved in proNPY cleavage. The aim of this work was to establish an effective method for the generation of full-length 69-amino acid proNPY analogues for further studies of prohormone convertase interaction. We have chosen two ligation sites in order to perform the semisynthesis of proNPY analogues by expressed protein ligation (EPL). By using the intein-mediated purification system (IMPACT) with improved conditions for intein splicing, we were able to isolate proNPY 1-40 and proNPY 1-54 fragments as Cterminal thioesters. Peptides bearing Nterminal cysteine instead of the naturally occurring Ser41 and Thr55 residues, respectively, were generated by solid-phase peptide synthesis. Moreover, labels (carboxyfluorescein and biotin) were inserted into the peptide sequences. The synthesis of the [C41]proNPY 41-69 fragment, which proved to be a difficult peptide sequence, could be achieved by the incorporation of two pseudo-proline derivatives. Western blot analysis revealed that all five proNPY analogues are recognized by monoclonal antibodies directed against NPY as well as against the Cflanking peptide of NPY (CPON).
High precision cell slicing by harmonically actuated ultra-sharp SixNyblades (2015)

We describe a micro-knife system with an ultra-sharp blade that is harmonically actuated by lead zirconate titanate (PZT). In particular, harmonic actuation along its cutting direction is demonstrated to provide clean and sharp cut lines for hepatocytes. Such performance is not provided by ordinary ultrasonic actuation. The blade is 500 nm-thick silicon nitride (SixNy); it can cut a single cell. Finite element analysis and measurements of displacement around resonant frequencies were used to optimize the dimensions, driving frequency and voltage. To evaluate the cutting precision, commercial scalpels and the SixNy blade without and with harmonic actuation were compared. When used to cut primary hepatocytes in a mono-layer, a commercial stainless scalpel burst cells, and the SixNy blade without harmonic actuation cut cells with a wide and ragged line. However, due to the controlled ultrasonic mode shape, operating frequency, high frequency and low applied power, the SixNy blade with harmonic actuation at 1V(pp) and 70.1 kHz provided a clean and sharp cut line which was as narrow as 2 mu m. The SixNy blade with harmonic actuation has potential applications as a tool for minimally invasive surgery.
The Fcγ receptor III genotype as a risk factor for aggressive periodontitis in Korean patients (2006)

연구배경: IgG에 대한 FcγⅢ 수용기는 치주병인균에 대한 숙주 반응에 있어서 중요한 역할을 하는데, 이 중 FcγRⅢa는 NK 세포, 대식세포, 단핵구, γδT세포에서 발현되며, EC2 도메인에서 158 아미노산 부위의 valine (V)-phenylalanine (F)의 유전자다형성을 보인다. FcγRⅢb는 특이적으로 중성구에 발현되는데, extracellular (ECl) Ig-like 도메인 내 4개의 아미노산 치환(substitutions)에 의한 NA1-NA2 유전자다형성을 보인다. 이 연구의 목적은 한국인에서 급진성 치주염 환자와 FcγⅢ수용기의 유전자다형성과의 관련성을 알아보는 것이다. 연구방법 및 재료: 치주적으로 건강한 90명 (대조군, 남자 64명, 여자 26명)과 서울대학교 치과병원 지주과에 내원하여 급진성 치주염으로 진단된 환자 43명 (aggressive periodontitis patients: AgP, 남자 30명, 여자 13명)을 대상으로 하였다. 모든 실험 대상자는 임상 실험에 대해 동의 하였고, 초진 시 전자 탐침(Florida Probe® Co. Gainesville, FL)을 이용하여 탐침 시 치주낭 깊이 (PPD), 임상부착수준 (CAL), 치태지수(PI), 탐침 후 출혈지수 (BOP)를 측정하였다. 또한 이들의 정맥혈에서 추출한 DNA를 PCR법, 전기영동법 등을 이용하여 FcγRⅢa, FcγRⅢb의 대립 유전자의 존재여부를 확인하였다. 이를 바탕으로 FcγRⅢ 복합 유전형을 확인하여 각 군 간을 비교하였다. 연구 결과: 1. FcγRⅢa에 대한 유전자다형성 연구 결과 대조군과 급진성 치주염 환자 군(AgP)사이에서는 대립 유전자 분포가 서로 유의성 있는 차이를 나타내었고 (P&amp;amp;lt;0.05), FcγRⅢb에서는 유의성 있는 차이를 발견할 수 없었다. (P&amp;amp;gt;0.05) 2. FcγRⅢa 158F 대립형질이 급진성 치주염 환자에서 유의성 있게 많이 발견되어졌다. (P&amp;amp;lt;0.05) 결론: 이 연구를 통하여 FcγRⅢa유전자의 분석이 한국인의 급진성 치주염에 대한 감수성의 위험요소의 표지자로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 사료되며, 향후 더 많은 환자를 대상으로 히는 추가 연구가 필요하다고 생각된다.
Optical Gain in Ultrathin Self‐Assembled Bi‐Layers of Colloidal Quantum Wells Enabled by the Mode Confinement in their High‐Index Dielectric Waveguides (2020)

This study demonstrates an ultra-thin colloidal gain medium consisting of bi-layers of colloidal quantum wells (CQWs) with a total film thickness of 14 nm integrated with high-index dielectrics. To achieve optical gain from such an ultra-thin nanocrystal film, hybrid waveguide structures partly composed of self-assembled layers of CQWs and partly high-index dielectric material are developed and shown: in asymmetric waveguide architecture employing one thin film of dielectric underneath CQWs and in the case of quasi-symmetric waveguide with a pair of dielectric films sandwiching CQWs. Numerical modeling indicates that the modal confinement factor of ultra-thin CQW films is enhanced in the presence of the adjacent dielectric layers significantly. The active slabs of these CQW monolayers in the proposed waveguide structure are constructed with great care to obtain near-unity surface coverage, which increases the density of active particles, and to reduce the surface roughness to sub-nm scale, which decreases the scattering losses. The excitation and propagation of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) along these active waveguides are experimentally demonstrated and numerically analyzed. The findings of this work offer possibilities for the realization of ultra-thin electrically driven colloidal laser devices, providing critical advantages including single-mode lasing and high electrical conduction.