gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation and Characterization of Space Durable Polymer Nanocomposite Films from Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes (2003)

Low color, flexible, space durable polyimide films with inherent, robust electrical conductivity have been under investigation as part of a continuing materials development activity for future NASA space missions involving Gossamer structures. Electrical conductivity is needed in these films to dissipate electrostatic charge build-up that occurs due to the orbital environment. One method of imparting conductivity is through the use of single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). However, the incompatibility and insolubility of the SWNTs severely hampers their dispersion in polymeric matrices. In an attempt to improve their dispersability, SWNTs were functionalized by the reaction with an alkyl hydrazone. After this functionalization, the SWNTs were soluble in select solvents and dispersed more readily in the polymer matrix. The functionalized SWNTs were characterized by Raman spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The functionalized nanotubes were dispersed in the bulk of the films using a solution technique. The functionalized nanotubes were also applied to the surface of polyimide films using a spray coating technique. The resultant polyimide nanocomposite films were evaluated for nanotube dispersion, electrical conductivity, mechanical, and optical properties and compared with previously prepared polyimide-SWNT samples to assess the effects of SWNT functionalization. * National Research Council Associate located at NASA-LaRC Hampton, VA 23681. I.
Buyid Silk and the Tale of Bibi Shahrbanu: Identification of Biomarkers of Artificial Aging (Forgery) of Silk (2017)

Buyid silk forgery is one of the most famous silk forgeries in the world. In 1924-1925, excavation of the Bibi Shahrbanu site in Iran unearthed several silk textiles. The silks were thought to be of the Buyid period (934-1062 BCE) of the Persian Empire and have since been known as the "Buyid silks". In the 1930s, more silk appeared and was reported as being from the Buyid period as well. Controversy over the authenticity of these silks escalated after the purchase of the silks by museums throughout the world. Extensive investigations of several of these silks have been conducted over the years with respect to iconography, weaving patterns, dyes/mordant, style, and even radiocarbon dating. It was found that most of the silks are not from Buyid period. To test the authenticity of these silk fabrics, the recently developed silk dating technique using amino acid racemization (AAR) in conjunction with capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry was applied to 13 Buyid silk specimens from the Textile Museum collections. Among these silk specimens, the AAR ratios of only one specimen were consistent with authentic silk fabrics collected from various museums. In addition, the aspartic acid racemization ratio of this specimen was also consistent with its <sup>14</sup>C dating. The other "Buyid silks" showed excessive levels of amino acid racemization not only for aspartic acid, but also for phenylalanine and tyrosine, inconsistent with racemization rates of these amino acids in authentic historical silk fabrics. Treatment of modern silk with a base at different pH and temperature reproduced the AAR pattern of the Buyid silks, implying that chemical treatment with a base at relatively high temperatures was perhaps the method used to artificially age these fabrics. The results imply that the racemization ratios of aspartic acid, phenylalanine, and tyrosine can be used as biomarkers for identification of naturally versus artificially aged silk.
Full-azimuth towed-streamer acquisition and broadband processing in an obstructed area of the Gulf of Mexico (2016)

South Timbalier is a relatively mature field located in the Gulf of Mexico, shelf area. The oil production is mostly from shallow, post-salt reservoirs. In order to unveil the potential deeper subsalt plays, while enhancing the definition of existing shallow reservoirs, a full azimuth towed-streamer acquisition was acquired in 2014. In this abstract we discuss the solutions used in acquisition, data processing, velocity model building, and imaging, to deliver a high definition subsurface image. Presentation Date: Thursday, October 20, 2016 Start Time: 9:45:00 AM Location: 163/165 Presentation Type: ORAL
Receptor-mediated endocytosis in cultured fibroblasts: cryptic coated pits and the formation of receptosomes. (1981)

Concentrative receptor-mediated endocytosis of many specific ligands by cultured fibroblasts occurs through the coated pit-receptosome pathway. The formation of receptosomes was studied using two impermeant electron-dense labels for the cell surface, ruthenium red and concanavalin A-horseradish peroxidase. These studies show that at 4 degrees C, virtually all coated structures near the plasma membrane are in communication with the cell surface, and are not isolated coated vesicles. On warming cells to 37 degrees C for only 1 minute, a major portion of these structures become cryptic, that is, not labeled by these surface markers. However, on cooling cells immediately back to 4 degrees C, virtually all of these structures are again in communication with the surface. Many images showed that membrane of these cryptic pits to be continuous with the cell surface when caught in the appropriate plane of section; often there was a very narrow entrance that excluded extracellular label. At 37 degrees C, receptosomes could be occasionally seen forming as an invagination of membrane adjacent to the coated region. Mechanisms by which receptosomes may form and other evidence demonstrating the failure of coated pits to pinch off to form isolated coated vesicles during endocytosis are discussed.
Liquid-Crystalline Acetylenic Compounds (1992)

Three substituted acetylene compounds which are known to form nematic liquid crystalline phases in the bulk, were chosen for study using the Langmuir-Blodgett technique. While being manipulated with the LB technique, greater order in the monolayer might be induced by the mesogenic groups when coupled with interactions at the water surface. Thus, there is the possibility of polymerizing a highly-oriented monomer as multilayers deposited on a substrate (Langmuir Blodgett film). In this study, each of the compounds formed unstable monolayers. However, the stability of each monolayer was improved by blending the compounds of interest with other liquid crystalline amphiphiles which are known to produce stable monolayers. Monolayers of the blends were successfully deposited on hydrophobic and hydrophilic quartz substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: DIHYDRO‐REISSERT‐VERBINDUNGEN (1970)

Abstract 3,4‐Dihydro‐6,7‐dimethoxy‐isochinolin (I) reagiert mit Kaliumcyanid/Benzoylchlorid zu der Dihydro‐Reissertverbindung (II), die nach Behandlung mit NaH mit Benzylchlorid (IIIa) zu (IVa), mit entsprechenden Benzyl= chloriden (′IIIb) und (IIIc) zu (IVb) und (IVc) substituiert wurde.
AI: Coming to a clinical scenario near you (2019)

As artificial intelligence increases its presence in medicine, ob/gyns are welcoming the technology with both excitement and trepidation.
Gesture Recognition (2012)

Vision-based gesture recognition is one of the most powerful techniques available for human-computer interaction. In this chapter, we will explore how a combination of the image processing methods discussed in Chapter 4 can be used to turn any surface into a multitouch sensor. We will also look at how some widely used gestures such as pinch-to-zoom can be extracted from the data.
Diffraction studies for stoichiometry effects in BaTiO3 grown by molecular beam epitaxy on Ge(001) (2016)

In this work, we present a systematic study of the effect of the stoichiometry of BaTiO3 (BTO) films grown on the Ge(001) substrate by molecular-beam-epitaxy using different characterization methods relying on beam diffraction, including reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and selected-area electron diffraction in transmission electron microscopy. Surprisingly, over a wide range of [Ba]/[Ti] ratios, as measured by the Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, all the BTO layers exhibit the same epitaxial relationship 〈100〉BTO(001)//〈110〉Ge(001) with the substrate, describing a 45° lattice rotation of the BTO lattice with respect to the Ge lattice. However, varying the [Ba]/[Ti] ratio does change the diffraction behavior. From RHEED patterns, we can derive that excessive [Ba] and [Ti] generate twinning planes and a rougher surface in the non-stoichiometric BTO layers. XRD allows us to follow the evolution of the lattice constants as a function of the [Ba]/[Ti] ratio, providing an option for tuning the tetragonality of the BTO layer. In addition, we found that the intensity ratio of the 3 lowest-order Bragg peaks I(001)/I(002), I(101)/I(002), and I(111)/I(002) derived from ω − 2θ scans characteristically depend on the BTO stoichiometry. To explain the relation between observed diffraction patterns and the stoichiometry of the BTO films, we propose a model based on diffraction theory explaining how excess [Ba] or [Ti] in the layer influences the diffraction response.
Micro-Baseline Structured Light (2019)

We propose Micro-baseline Structured Light (MSL), a novel 3D imaging approach designed for small form-factor devices such as cell-phones and miniature robots. MSL operates with small projector-camera baseline and low-cost projection hardware, and can recover scene depths with computationally lightweight algorithms. The main observation is that a small baseline leads to small disparities, enabling a first-order approximation of the non-linear SL image formation model. This leads to the key theoretical result of the paper: the MSL equation, a linearized version of SL image formation. MSL equation is under-constrained due to two unknowns (depth and albedo) at each pixel, but can be efficiently solved using a local least squares approach. We analyze the performance of MSL in terms of various system parameters such as projected pattern and baseline, and provide guidelines for optimizing performance. Armed with these insights, we build a prototype to experimentally examine the theory and its practicality.
Synthesis of Ce2O2S and Gd2(1–y)Ce2yO2S Nanoparticles and Reactivity from in Situ X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (2017)

Lanthanide oxysulfide nanoparticles have recently attracted interest in view of their potential applications, such as lighting devices and MRI contrast agents, which requires a good stability in air and a controlled surface. In order to address these issues, in this work, air-sensitive Ce<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>S nanoparticles of hexagonal shape were successfully prepared and characterized under inert conditions. Bimetallic Gd<sub>2(1-y)</sub>Ce<sub>2y</sub>O<sub>2</sub>S nanoparticles of similar shape and size were also synthesized for the whole composition range (y from 0 to 1). X-ray diffraction structural data are found to follow Vegard's law up to y = 0.4, which is attributed to the loss of stability in air of Ce-rich nanocrystals beyond this threshold. This picture is supported by X-ray absorption spectra taken at the S K-edge and Ce L<sub>3</sub>-edge that show the partial oxidation of sulfide species and of Ce<sup>III</sup> to Ce<sup>IV</sup> in the presence of air or water. A complementary near-ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study shows that at least two types of oxidized sulfur species form on the nanoparticle surface. Even in Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>S nanoparticles that are generally considered to be air-stable, we found that sulfide ions are partially oxidized to sulfate in air. These results unveil the physicochemical mechanisms responsible for the surface reactivity of lanthanide oxysulfides nanoparticles in air.
Photocatalytic Lithography with Atomic Layer–Deposited TiO2 Films to Tailor Biointerface Properties (2019)

Abstract In this article, the use of thin, photocatalytically active TiO 2 films deposited using atomic layer deposition (ALD) and a conventional lithography mask are explored for the fabrication of a patterned biointerface. Hereto, a pattern of self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) with different functional groups is created using ALD TiO 2 films, anatase‐rich as‐deposited, with a thickness of 20 nm and a short UV exposure time of 5 min. More specifically, azido‐containing SAMs are locally removed upon UV exposure (λ = 308 nm) and the created gaps are filled with a polyethylene glycol (PEG) SAM, hereby creating a surface with areas for the selective coupling of biomolecules via the azide groups and antifouling areas due to the presence of the PEG. To demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach, fluorescent‐labeled antibodies are immobilized on the well‐defined patterns with a resolution in the µm range.
Trace Element Contamination of Total Parenteral Nutrition. 2. Effect of Storage Duration and Temperature (1999)

Longer storage duration and higher storage temperature progressively reduced the deliverable concentrations of trace elements specifically formulated into the TPN solution and also of those trace elements that were not formulated into the TPN solution but that appeared as contaminants.
AB011. SOH22ABS170. Incidence of treatment effect in patients with an axillary pathologic complete response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer (2022)

Background: De-escalation of axillary surgery following neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) for patients with node positive disease at diagnosis have focused on ensuring a low false negative rate for those who undergo sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) only. Histopathological evidence of treatment effect is one surrogate that supports an axillary pathological complete response (pCR). This study aimed to assess rates of histological treatment effect in patients who have an axillary pCR following axillary surgery post NACT. Methods: A consecutive series of patients with cytologically proven node-positive breast cancer who received NACT and achieved a nodal pCR on SLNB or axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) between 2016–2021 were retrospectively analysed. The primary outcome of interest was identification of histological treatment effect in axillary nodes. Results: A total of 257 patients (median age 48 years) received NACT of which 180 had cytologically-proven node-positive disease. The median nodal yield at SLN was 4 (range, 1–9). Eighty-three patients (46%) attained an axillary pCR. Histological evidence of treatment effect on was identified in 62% of patients overall, but was more common in those undergoing ALND (87%) than in the SLN group (56%, P=0.04). Neither tumour subtype, grade nor breast pCR were associated with treatment effect on univariate analysis. Conclusions: Histological evidence of treatment effect was only identified in 56% of patients deemed ypN0 on the basis of a post-neoadjuvant SLN and cannot be utilised as a stand-alone surrogate for confirmation of a true negative SLN. Strategies such as nodal marking/targeted axillary dissection may offer a more robust method of axillary staging post NACT.
Shallow etch electrical isolation in capacitively loaded Mach-Zehnder modulators (2016)

To compensate for velocity mismatch in travelling wave opto-electronic devices, the microwave velocity of the propagating RF signal is reduced by introducing capacitively loaded elements. For high speed operation, these elements must be electrically isolated from one another, which is typically achieved by using ion-implantation to render the p-doped material non-conducting. We propose and demonstrate through optical and electrical simulations that ion-implantation can be avoided by using a quasi-shallow etch to electrically isolate the capacitive elements. High isolation can be achieved using such an etch without introducing additional losses to the propagating optical signal.
Design of Optical XOR, XNOR, NAND, and OR Logic Gates Based on Multi-Mode Interference Waveguides for Binary-Phase-Shift-Keyed Signal (2011)

We present a novel design method and potential application for optical XOR, XNOR, NAND, and OR logic gates for binary-phase-shift-keyed signal processing devices. The devices are composed of multi-mode interference waveguides and convert the phase information of the input signal to amplitude at the output. We apply the finite element method for numerical simulations, and the evaluated least ON to OFF logic-level contrast ratios for the XOR, XNOR, NAND, and OR logic gates are 21.5 dB, 21.5 dB, 22.3 dB, and 22.3 dB, respectively. The proposed logic gates are extremely promising signal processing devices for binary-phase-shift-keyed signals in packet switching systems.
Recrystallisation of Heavily Cold Rolled RD//<011> Structure in BCC Iron (2004)

The present paper prompts to demonstrate the recrystallisation procedure of {h, 1, 1}(1/h, 1, 2)fibre from heavily cold rolled α-fibre structure, or RD //<011> texture. Firstly the partially recrystallised cold rolled steel was analysed with OIM measurement. At the stage of 50% recrystallisation, {100}<011>-{211}<011> α-fibre was remained as deformed structure, and only ND//<111> texture was appeared for the recrystallised area. The slight recrystallisation was observed at the grain boundary of α-fibre grains, therefore, a by-crystal of {100}<011> was employed to simulate the irregular deformation at the grain boundary. After the cold rolling, a warp toward the grain boundary was observed. Although the interior of the {100}<011> single crystal was hardly recrystallised, sharp {411}<148> texture was created along the grain boundary. In order to recreate the phenomenon at the grain boundary, a cold rolled {100}<011> single crystal was bent along the rolling direction and annealed. Very sharp {411}<148> recrystallisation texture was formed again at the bent perimeter. These results suggest that the irregular strain was sufficiently piled at the grain boundary after the heavy deformation and generates {h, 1, 1}(1/h, 1, 2) texture. The orientation relationship in recrystallisation was confirmed by another recrystallisation that a {211}<011> single crystal generated another {h, 1, 1}(1/h, 1, 2), equivalently rotated around RD with the rotation from {100}<011> to {211}<011>. These recrystallisation textures were equivalently scattered around three <100> poles on (100) pole figures, therefore the rotation relationship around <111> axes with the original orientation was discussed.
Role of Lon, an ATP-Dependent Protease Homolog, in Resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to Ciprofloxacin (2007)

With few novel antimicrobials in the pharmaceutical pipeline, resistance to the current selection of antibiotics represents a significant therapeutic challenge. Microbial persistence in subinhibitory antibiotic environments has been proposed to contribute to the development of resistance. Pseudomonas aeruginosa cultures pretreated with subinhibitory concentrations of ciprofloxacin were found to exhibit an adaptive resistance phenotype when cultures were subsequently exposed to suprainhibitory ciprofloxacin concentrations. Microarray experiments revealed candidate genes involved in such adaptive resistance. Screening of 10,000 Tn5-luxCDABE mutants identified several mutants with increased or decreased ciprofloxacin susceptibilities, including mutants in PA1803, a close homolog of the ATP-dependent lon protease, which were found to exhibit > or = 4-fold-increased susceptibilities to ciprofloxacin and other fluoroquinolones, but not to gentamicin or imipenem, as well as a characteristic elongated morphology. Complementation of the lon mutant restored wild-type antibiotic susceptibility and cell morphology. Expression of the lon mutant, as monitored through a luciferase reporter fusion, was found to increase over time in the presence of subinhibitory ciprofloxacin concentrations. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that the induction of Lon by ciprofloxacin is involved in adaptive resistance.
Systemic metal-protein binding associated with total joint replacement arthroplasty (2000)

The distribution of titanium [Ti] and chromium [Cr] in serum protein fractions of patients with and without total joint replacements containing Cr and Ti was studied. Three groups were evaluated: 10 patients with cobalt-chromium [CoCr] alloy prostheses and known elevated levels of Cr; 10 patients with Ti containing implants and known elevated levels of Ti; and 10 age matched controls without prostheses. Metal-protein binding was also examined by adding various concentrations of Cr(+3) (CrCl(3)) to control serum. Cr and Ti were bound to serum proteins within specific molecular weight ranges in both patient groups. Two molecular weight ranges were found to bind Cr (at approximately 70 and approximately 180 kDa) in patients with CoCr alloy prostheses, whereas a single molecular weight range (at approximately 70 kDa) was found to bind Ti in patients with Ti alloy implants. This metal-protein binding was reproduced in vitro by adding CrCl(3) at concentrations of approximately 100 and 1000 ppb Cr, which is orders of magnitude higher than that contained in the serum of patients with CoCr alloy implants ( approximately 3 ppb Cr). This suggests that protein binding is initiated in the periprosthetic space where metal concentrations are typically 2-3 orders of magnitude higher than that observed systemically in the serum. In vitro, high molecular weight proteins including immunoglobulins demonstrated the highest affinity to Cr. Determination of specific protein carriers of metal degradation products is an essential component in the assessment of the long-term biological affects of total joint replacement devices.
Fruit-fly Inspired Neighborhood Encoding for Classification (2021)

Inspired by the fruit-fly olfactory circuit, the Fly Bloom Filter is able to efficiently summarize the data with a single pass and has been used for novelty detection. We propose a new classifier that effectively encodes the different local neighborhoods for each class with a per-class Fly Bloom Filter. The inference on test data requires an efficient Flyhash[6] operation followed by a high-dimensional, but very sparse, dot product with the per-class Bloom Filters. On the theoretical side, we establish conditions under which the predictions of our proposed classifier agrees with the predictions of the nearest neighbor classifier. We extensively evaluate our proposed scheme with 71 data sets of varied data dimensionality to demonstrate that the predictive performance of our proposed neuroscience inspired classifier is competitive to the nearest-neighbor classifiers and other single-pass classifiers.
Study of Z production in PbPb and pp collisions at s N N = 2.76 $$ \sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=2.76 $$ TeV in the dimuon and dielectron decay channels (2015)

The production of Z bosons is studied in the dimuon and dielectron decay channels in PbPb and pp collisions at s NN = 2.76 TeV, using data collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC. The PbPb data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of about 166 b -1 , while the pp data sample collected in 2013 at the same nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy has an integrated luminosity of 5.4 pb -1 . The Z boson yield is measured as a function of rapidity, transverse momentum, and collision centrality. The ratio of PbPb to pp yields, scaled by the number of inelastic nucleon-nucleon collisions, is found to be 1.06 0.05 (stat) 0.08 (syst) in the dimuon channel and 1.02 0.08 (stat) 0.15 (syst) in the dielectron channel, for centrality-integrated Z boson production. This binary collision scaling is seen to hold in the entire kinematic region studied, as expected for a colourless probe that is unaffected by the hot and dense QCD medium produced in heavy ion collisions.