gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel asymmetric Fabry-Perot all-optical switch with 7 nm bandwidth for sub-pJ pump pulses (2002)

We report on all-optical switching characteristics of a novel low temperature grown asymmetric Fabry-Perot (AFP) InGaAs-InAlAs MQW saturable absorber device, in which improvement of performance with respect to conventional AFP all-optical switches is provided by coupled and short cavity configurations. SubpJ pump pulse (-800 fJ) operation is realized with fairly high contrast ratio (-10 dB) over a broad bandwidth (-7 nm).
Study of ion enhanced Sn removal by surface wave plasma for source cleaning (Conference Presentation) (2017)

A hydrogen plasma cleaning technique to clean Sn (tin) off of EUV collector optics is studied in detail. The cleaning process uses hydrogen radicals and ions (formed in the hydrogen plasma) to interact with Sn-coated surfaces, forming SnH4 and being pumped away. This technique has been used to clean a 300mm-diameter stainless steel dummy collector optic, and EUV reflectivity of multilayer mirror samples was restored after cleaning Sn from them, validating the potential of this technology. This method has the potential to significantly reduce downtime and increase source availability. Thus, an investigation into the fundamental processes governing Sn removal has been performed. These experiments have shown that the Sn etch rates scale with hydrogen ion energy at the surface. Incident ions upon the surface impart energy that weakens the Sn-Sn bond allowing the chemical etch by hydrogen to proceed at a faster rate. Due to this the plasma is able to be in a reactive ion etch (RIE) regime. Results showing etch enhancement due to ions in this particular chemistry, including threshold energy, are shown. A concern for plasma based methods is the implantation of high energy hydrogen ions into the MLM, reducing reflectivity and possibly blistering. With a surface wave plasma (SWP) this concern is alleviated somewhat because of lower ion energies. Surface wave plasmas have lower electron temperatures than conventional sources in the range of 1 to 3 eV. In addition, SWP sources result in plasma densities on the order of 1011-12 cm-3, allowing for greater utilization of ion etch enhancement. Experiments measuring electron density and hydrogen radical density over large areas have been conducted and the results from these measurements are presented. Pressure has also been varied to illustrate the effect between etching with radicals and RIE etching with ions included. Etch rate radial profiles over pressures ranging from 30 mTorr to 1.3 Torr have been measured with peak etch rates of 94.9 ± 4.6 nm/min at 250 mTorr.
Opdeling af dækningskvalitet for håndholdt mobiltelefoni (2013)

På baggrund af målinger af radiomodtagerkvaliteten af mobiltelefoner på markedet foreslås en opdeling i fem klasser – fra meget god til ringe. Opdelingen er baseret på håndholdt brug til tale af mobiltelefoner på steder med svag mobildækning. Her vælger mobiltelefonsystemet frekvensen 900 MHz og det system, der er mest udbredt, nemlig GSM. Derved fås den bedste radiodækning og derfor foreslås mobiltelefonerne klassificeret efter GSM900 modtagerkvaliteten.
Phase contrast digital mammography using molybdenum x-ray: clinical implications in detectability improvement (2003)

We have applied phase imaging on digital mammography to investigate adequate contrast of printed images for digital phase contrast mammography using a practical molybdenum X-ray tube. Phase contrast mammography procedures were performed with defined air gap (e.g., 0.6 m) configuration using customized mammography equipment and a computed radiography (CR) system. Magnified (x2) phase contrast images acquired with 0.0875mm per pixel were mapped onto the laser imager resolution at 0.04375mm per pixel for printing life-size object on wet processing silver halide recording film. For contact mammography of screen-film system, we used MinR2000 system as a baseline method. ACR 156 phantom printed images with contrasts of 2.8, 3.7, 4.9, 5.7 and 6.7 were evaluated by five radiologists. The ACR scores for the life-size image based on the 2 times magnified phase contrast image acquired by the computed radiography were higher than the scores of MinR2000 image, when the contrast of printed images for both methods was 3.7. The ACR scores were lower in the low contrast images (i.e., 2.8) than its higher contrast counterparts (i.e., &gt;= 3.7) for all techniques used. The detectability improvement should be due to higher spatial resolution and lower noise in the phase contrast images.
Watch out for "red flags" on a job interview. (1990)

Job candidates are often extremely naive when interviewing for a new position. They have been told to "sell themselves," and that's what they set out to do. Unfortunately, some jobs are not worth the effort. Ironically, when the job sours, candidates often look back and say, "The warning signs were there; I just ignored them." By watching out for "red flags" during the interview process, candidates may be able to avoid unpleasant surprises.
Significant decrease of the optical losses in the coupling between colloidal CdSe/CdS nanocrystals and a flat gold film at cryogenic temperature (2017)

We investigate the influence of the temperature (between 4 K and room temperature) on the fluorescence of colloidal thick-shell CdSe/CdS nanocrystals coupled with a flat gold film. First, we deduce the complex dielectric function $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$ from the spectrophotometric measurements on the flat gold film. Then, when compared to a nanocrystal deposited on a glass coverslip, calculations show that the enhancement of the photoluminescence decay rate is divided by a factor of 2.3 between 11 and 293 K due to the reduction of optical losses. Our analysis well accounts for the experiments performed on single CdSe/CdS nanocrystals.
Bargaining costs, influence costs, and the organization of economic activity (2009)

This chapter is concerned with the economics of organization and management, a relatively new area of study that seeks to analyze the internal structure and workings of economic organizations, the division of activity among these organizations, and the management of relations between them through markets or other higher-level, encompassing organizations.
User Vulnerability and Its Reduction on a Social Networking Site (2014)

Privacy and security are major concerns for many users of social media. When users share information (e.g., data and photos) with friends, they can make their friends vulnerable to security and privacy breaches with dire consequences. With the continuous expansion of a user’s social network, privacy settings alone are often inadequate to protect a user’s profile. In this research, we aim to address some critical issues related to privacy protection: (1) How can we measure and assess individual users’ vulnerability? (2) With the diversity of one’s social network friends, how can one figure out an effective approach to maintaining balance between vulnerability and social utility? In this work, first we present a novel way to define vulnerable friends from an individual user’s perspective. User vulnerability is dependent on whether or not the user’s friends’ privacy settings protect the friend and the individual’s network of friends (which includes the user). We show that it is feasible to measure and assess user vulnerability and reduce one’s vulnerability without changing the structure of a social networking site. The approach is to unfriend one’s most vulnerable friends. However, when such a vulnerable friend is also socially important, unfriending him or her would significantly reduce one’s own social status. We formulate this novel problem as vulnerability minimization with social utility constraints. We formally define the optimization problem and provide an approximation algorithm with a proven bound. Finally, we conduct a large-scale evaluation of a new framework using a Facebook dataset. We resort to experiments and observe how much vulnerability an individual user can be decreased by unfriending a vulnerable friend. We compare performance of different unfriending strategies and discuss the security risk of new friend requests. Additionally, by employing different forms of social utility, we confirm that the balance between user vulnerability and social utility can be practically achieved.
Reading Habits among Graduate Students of Pudukottai District, Tamilndu: A Survey (2014)

Reading to learn is an essential tool for life- long learning. Promoting a reading culture among students is therefore one of the key tasks in the curriculum reform with the aim to strengthen students' learning capabilities. Reading can definitely be taken as the first button in education. The result of the study indicated that most of the students (37.5%) study between 3-4 hours daily followed by 32.5% study between 2-3 hours daily. The result show that 72.5% of students like most sections of newspaper. This is a general study on the reading habits of students of Pudukottai District in Tamil Nadu.
Interference avoidance and coordination for small cells in B4G cellular networks (2013)

Base station density in modern cellular networks is continuously increasing in order to cope with the exponential increase in mobile data traffic. Cellular networks which used to rely on macro cells for both system coverage and data transfer are now turning to small cells at an increasing rate. Small cells can complement macro cell dominant cellular networks by providing a cost effective means for offloading mobile data traffic. As in macro cells, communication performance in small cells is determined in large part by the inter-cell interference. Compared to macro cells, inter-cell interference can be much more severe for small cells due to their clustered deployment in urban hotspot areas. This paper discusses how inter-cell interference can be effectively managed in small cells with the use of a diverse range of interference avoidance/coordination techniques.
Coherent Mode Coupling at Waveguide Bends (1978)

Bending losses are an important consideration in the design of integrated optical circuits, since some of the suggested device configurations will require directional change in interconnecting waveguides. It has been predicted that a directional change accomplished by two successive corner bends can have much lower attenuation than a single corner bend 1 . The lower loss is a consequence of coherent mode coupling at the bends. This paper presents experimental results on the optical transmission of waveguides with two bends which are consistent with this prediction.
Oct2 enhances antibody-secreting cell differentiation through regulation of IL-5 receptor a chain expression on activated B cells (2008)

Mice lacking a functional gene for the Oct2 transcriptional activator display several developmental and functional defi ciencies in the B lymphocyte lineage.These include defective B cell receptor (BCR) and Toll-like receptor 4 signaling, an absence of B-1 and marginal zone populations, and globally reduced levels of serum immunoglobulin (Ig) in naive and immunized animals.Oct2 was originally identifi ed through its ability to bind to regulatory regions in the Ig loci, but genetic evidence has not supported an essential role for Oct2 in the expression of Ig genes.We describe a new Oct2-mediated role in B cells.Oct2 augments the ability of activated B cells to differentiate to antibody-secreting plasma cells (ASCs) under T cell -dependent conditions through direct regulation of the gene encoding the ␣ chain of the interleukin (IL) 5 receptor.Ectopic expression of IL-5R ␣ in oct2-defi cient B cells largely restores their ability to differentiate to functional ASCs in vitro but does not correct other phenotypic defects in the mutants, such as the maturation and specialization of peripheral B cells, which must therefore rely on distinct Oct2 target genes.IL-5 augments ASC differentiation in vitro, and we show that IL-5 directly activates the plasma cell differentiation program by enhancing blimp1 expression.
Analytic morphometrics: Assessing the role of sarcopenia and abdominal fat measurements in predicting survival for mRCC patients undergoing cytoreductive nephrectomy. (2016)

603 Background: Analytic morphomics have emerged as promising biomarkers of post-surgical outcomes. Decision-making in patients with mRCC is nuanced, as benefits of cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN) must be balanced against risks of delaying or forgoing systemic therapy. We sought to identify if pre-operative morphometrics predict survival in patients undergoing CN. Methods: We reviewed clinical, histopathologic, and radiographic data for patients who underwent CN at our institution from 2006-2012. Pre-operative cross-sectional images of T12 to L4 were assessed. Subcutaneous fat content (average distance from skin to fascia in midline); visceral fat (average distance from fascia to anterior vertebral body); and total body fat (visceral + subcutaneous fat) were quantitated. Psoas muscle area and density at L4 were indexed. Primary outcomes were OS and DSS. Results: 62 patients had complete data for review. Median age at surgery was 60 years (range 40-77), Charlson score was 1 (0-5), and ECOG PS was 0 (0-2). There were 42 patients with lung , 26 with bone, 8 with liver, and 5 with brain metastases (average metastatic sites per patient = 1.8). 46 patients (75.4%) received adjuvant systemic therapy. At 16 months follow-up, 23 patients (37.1%) died from disease, while 17 (27.4%) died of other causes. Median survival following surgery was 13 months (range 1-75). Morphomic metrics did not correlate with survival (Table). Conclusions: Pre-operative morphometrics did not correlate with survival outcomes in a cohort of patients undergoing cytoreductive nephrectomy. Perhaps acuity of mRCC onset and speed of progression reduce prognostic value of morphometrics in this population. [Table: see text]
Coaxially Stacked Coronene Columns inside Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2011)

Stapelhilfe: Coronene ordnen sich im Inneren einwandiger Kohlenstoff-Nanoröhren (SWCNTs) zu koaxialen 1D-Strukturen an (siehe Bild). Die resultierenden Coronensäulen haben charakteristische Fluoreszenzspektren, die sich signifikant von denen isolierter Coronen-Moleküle und dreidimensionaler Kristalle unterscheiden. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
An Alternative Conception of Tree-Adjoining Derivation (1994)

The precise formulation of derivation for tree-adjoining grammars has important ramifications for a wide variety of uses of the formalism, from syntactic analysis to semantic interpretation and statistical language modeling. We argue that the definition of tree-adjoining derivation must be reformulated in order to manifest the proper linguistic dependencies in derivations. The particular proposal is both precisely characterizable through a definition of TAG derivations as equivalence classes of ordered derivation trees, and computationally operational, by virtue of a compilation to linear indexed grammars together with an efficient algorithm for recognition and parsing according to the compiled grammar.
A polystyrene-based microfluidic device with three-dimensional interconnected microporous walls for perfusion cell culture (2014)

In this article, we present a simple, rapid prototyped polystyrene-based microfluidic device with three-dimensional (3D) interconnected microporous walls for long term perfusion cell culture. Patterned 3D interconnected microporous structures were created by a chemical treatment together with a protective mask and the native hydrophobic nature of the microporous structures were selectively made hydrophilic using oxygen plasma treatment together with a protective mask. Using this polystyrene-based cell culture microfluidic device, we successfully demonstrated the support of four days perfusion cell culture of hepatocytes (C3A cells).
Synthesis applications of cationic aza-Cope rearrangements. 26. Enantioselective total synthesis of (-)-strychnine (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis applications of cationic aza-Cope rearrangements. 26. Enantioselective total synthesis of (-)-strychnineSteven D. Knight, Larry E. Overman, and Garry PairaudeauCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 20, 9293–9294Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1993https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00073a057RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views8282Altmetric-Citations132LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (270 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Non-invasive estimates of left atrial activation in a patient with dissociated left atrial tachycardia following ablation of atrial fibrillation (2009)

Introduction: Interatrial frequency gradient is used to guide catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) but reliable tools for its non-invasive estimation are lacking. We present a patient with dissociated left and right atrial rhythms that allows identification of sum face ECG leads that closely reflect left atrial activity. Methods: 12-lead ECG was recorded simultaneously with electrograms from the right and left atrial appendages (RAA/LAA). AF frequency spectra have been calculated from all 12 leads using spatiotemporal QRST cancellation and Welch periodogram. The dominating atrial cycle length (ACL) in the surface ECG leads was subsequently compared with ACL(LAA). Results: RAA and LAA cycle lengths were 1276 ins and 252 ins respectively. Of all surface ECG leads, AF frequency spectra in leads VI and aVR demonstrated the best agreement with ACL(LAA) showing prominent peaks corresponding to the LAA activation frequency. Conclusion: Leads VI and aVR contain a prominent left atrial component that has to be considered when interpreting fibrillatry activity from sum face ECG.
Polarity sensitive probes for super resolution STED microscopy (2017)

Abstract The lateral organization of molecules in the cellular plasma membrane plays an important role in cellular signaling. A critical parameter for membrane molecular organization is how the membrane lipids are packed (or ordered). Polarity sensitive dyes are powerful tools to characterize such lipid membrane order, employing for example confocal and two-photon microscopy. The investigation of potential lipid nanodomains, however, requires the use of super resolution microscopy. Here, we test the performance of the polarity sensitive membrane dyes Di-4-ANEPPDHQ, Di-4-AN(F)EPPTEA and NR12S in super resolution STED microscopy. Measurements on cell-derived membrane vesicles, in the plasma membrane of live cells, and on single virus particles show the high potential of these dyes for probing nanoscale membrane heterogeneity.
Growth and characterization of horizontally suspended CNTs across TiN electrode gaps (2010)

A technique is proposed to grow horizontal carbon nanotubes (CNTs) bridging metal electrodes and to assess their electrical properties. A test structure was utilized that allows for selective electrochemical sidewall catalyst placement. The selectivity of the technique is based on the connection of the desired metal electrodes to the silicon substrate where the potential for electrochemical deposition was applied. Control over the Ni catalyst size (15-30 nm) and density (up to 3 x 10(11) particles cm(-2)) is demonstrated. Horizontal CNTs with controlled diameter and density were obtained by CVD growth perpendicular to the sidewalls of patterned TiN electrode structures. Electrode gaps with spacings from 200 nm up to 5 microm could be bridged by both direct CNT-electrode contact and CNT-CNT entanglement. The TiN-CNT-TiN and TiN-CNT-CNT-TiN bridges were electrically characterized without any further post-growth contacting. Resistance values as low as 40 Omega were measured for the smallest gap spacing and depended mainly on the number and configuration of the CNT bridges. The proposed method could be implemented for CNT-based horizontal interconnections and be a route to make different nanoelectronic devices such as chemical and electromechanical sensors.