gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Launching Channels: A New Milestone in the Ion Channel Field (2007)

Ion channels underlie a plethora of physiological functions not only in the animal kingdom, but also in plants and microorganisms such as bacteria. Even though we have only known of the existence of channels for about four decades, a PubMed search for channels yields over 120,000 papers, with 40,000 of those appearing in the past five years alone. Even before ion channels had been formally discovered, their existence was hypothesized by Hodgkin and Huxley who were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology/Medicine for their work on electrical activity in axons. Subsequent Nobel awards for ion channel electrophysiology techniques (Bert Sakmann and Erwin Neher for Medicine in 1991) and ion channel structure and physiology (Rod MacKinnon and Peter Agre for Chemistry in 2003) underscored the contemporary importance of ion channel research. It is noteworthy that single channel recording is one of the most sensitive techniques in biology – allowing researchers to study the function of a single molecule in its native environment in real time.
Combining file content and file relations for cloud based malware detection (2011)

Due to their damages to Internet security, malware (such as virus, worms, trojans, spyware, backdoors, and rootkits) detection has caught the attention not only of anti-malware industry but also of researchers for decades. Resting on the analysis of file contents extracted from the file samples, like Application Programming Interface (API) calls, instruction sequences, and binary strings, data mining methods such as Naive Bayes and Support Vector Machines have been used for malware detection. However, besides file contents, relations among file samples, such as a "Downloader" is always associated with many Trojans, can provide invaluable information about the properties of file samples. In this paper, we study how file relations can be used to improve malware detection results and develop a file verdict system (named "Valkyrie") building on a semi-parametric classifier model to combine file content and file relations together for malware detection. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work of using both file content and file relations for malware detection. A comprehensive experimental study on a large collection of PE files obtained from the clients of anti-malware products of Comodo Security Solutions Incorporation is performed to compare various malware detection approaches. Promising experimental results demonstrate that the accuracy and efficiency of our Valkyrie system outperform other popular anti-malware software tools such as Kaspersky AntiVirus and McAfee VirusScan, as well as other alternative data mining based detection systems.
Session 10 Overview: Continuous-Time ADCs and DACs (2021)

Continuous-time Δ Σ ADCs offer compact silicon area and low power consumption for various applications. The first two papers in this session present different techniques in continuous-time Δ Σ ADCs for audio applications and achieve impressive figures of merit. The third paper describes a new hybrid CT/DT loop architecture for a Δ Σ modulator without requiring any calibration or tuning. The fourth paper proposes a CT loop filter with DT noise shaping achieving $4^{{th }}$ -order noise shaping using a single OTA. The fifth paper introduces a pipelined ADC with a 1 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">st</sup> stage SAR and $2^{{nd }}$ stage $2 x$ -time-interleaved CT incremental Δ Σ ADC. The last two papers in this session describe techniques utilized to achieve high-linearity multi-GHz DACs. The sixth paper describes a 16GS/s DAC for software radio base stations. The last paper presents a 64GS/s DAC for BIST of RF sampling ADCs.
Main-Memory Hash Joins on Multi-Core CPUs: Tuning to the Underlying Hardware (2012)

The architectural changes introduced with multicore CPUs have triggered a redesign of main-memory join algorithms.In the last few years, two diverging views have appeared.One approach advocates careful tailoring of the algorithm to the architectural parameters (cache sizes, TLB, and memory bandwidth).The other approach argues that modern hardware is good enough at hiding cache and TLB miss latencies and, consequently, the careful tailoring can be omitted without sacrificing performance.In this paper we demonstrate through experimental analysis of different algorithms and architectures that hardware still matters.Join algorithms that are hardware conscious perform better than hardware-oblivious approaches.The analysis and comparisons in the paper show that many of the claims regarding the behavior of join algorithms that have appeared in literature are due to selection effects (relative table sizes, tuple sizes, the underlying architecture, using sorted data, etc.) and are not supported by experiments run under different parameters settings.Through the analysis, we shed light on how modern hardware affects the implementation of data operators and provide the fastest implementation of radix join to date, reaching close to 200 million tuples per second.
The talent endoluminal AAA stent-graft system. Report of the phase I USA trial, and summary of worldwide experience. (1998)

In the United States, the Phase I Feasibility Study under IDE G970065 was approved by the Food and Drug Administration on 04/11/97. The approved protocol called for implantation of the bifurcated Talent spring stent-graft system on patients who are high-risk candidates for conventional surgery because of cardio-respiratory, medical, general, or local anatomical reasons which would likely complicate the technical execution of the operation or be accompanied by a high expected mortality rate. Patient enrollment was complete with 16 cases as of September 26, 1997. This was a multicenter experience involving five different sites. This is an ongoing study and patients, of course, will continue to be followed longitudinally. Phase II will likely be approved by the FDA for initiation in January or February of 1998. Standard-risk AAA patients will be entered into the study at this time; comparison with concurrent controls will be used for comparison with conventional surgery.
Observation of 1300-nm gain in dysprosium doped chloride crystals (2005)

Summary form only given. We have recently demonstrated order-of-magnitude emission lifetime (quantum yield) improvements in several Pr-doped chlorides. Dy/sup 3+/ doped sulfide glasses have recently been proposed as 1300-nm amplifiers. Pr/sup 3+/ ions are difficult to pump directly but Dy/sup 3+/ possesses several strong candidate pump transitions. Spectroscopic characterization of various Dy/sup 3+/-doped chlorides showed that several possess useful 1300-nm emission bands, and absorption and emission spectra of Dy/sup 3+/:LaCl/sub 3/ are shown.
Role of High-k Interlayer in ZrO2/High-k/ZrO2 Insulating Multilayer on Electrical Properties for DRAM Capacitor (2016)

We studied characteristic of Metal-Insulator-Metal capacitors with ZrO 2 /high- k /ZrO 2 (Z/high- k /Z)-nanolaminate dielectric layers and TiN electrodes. Amorphous Al 2 O 3 , (Ta/Nb)O x (TN) and (Ta/Nb)O x -Al 2 O 3 (TNA) as high- k interlayer were prepared by atomic layer deposition and post-deposition annealing. The dielectric constant ( k ) of ZrO 2 thin film exhibited about 28 because of tetragonal, orthorhombic and cubic phases. The k value of Z/high- k /Z-nanolaminate dielectric layer is high in order of ZTNZ &gt; ZTNAZ &gt; ZAZ due to the dependence of each k value of Al 2 O 3 (~ 9) and TN (~29). The ZTNAZ layer exhibited lowest leakage current density of 10 -8 ~ 10 -7 A/cm 2 at 0.6 V compared to those of ZAZ and ZTNZ in CET ~ 1.1 nm. We found that the leakage current property of Z/high- k /Z layer is influenced by not only amorphous structure but also band gap width (conduction band offset of ZrO 2 ) of high- k interlayer. We conclude that the TNA material is one of the candidate material as high- k interlayer for future DRAM.
Rapid Serodiagnosis of Active Pulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Analysis of Results from Multiple Antigen-Specific Tests (2004)

We have prospectively analyzed three antigens for serodiagnosis of tuberculosis (TB). These antigens were tuberculous glycolipid antigen, lypoarabinomannan polysaccharide antigen, and antigen 60 (A60), which was derived from purified protein derivatives. Of the 131 patients with active pulmonary TB, 57 were both smear and culture negative and 14 had chronic active pulmonary TB that remained smear positive for >12 months of chemotherapy. One hundred twenty healthy adults were controls. The percentages of patients positive in all three tests were 58.8% for smear-positive active pulmonary TB and 71.4% for chronic active pulmonary TB. When the results of the three serodiagnostic tests were evaluated in combination, the sensitivity increased to 91.5% in patients with active pulmonary TB and to 86.0% in smear- and culture-negative patients. The false-positive rate of the three-test combination was 12.5% in the healthy control groups. In conclusion, it was not possible to detect all of the antibodies against antigenic substances in the cell walls of the tuberculous bacilli in the sera of all TB patients by using available serodiagnostic tests. However, the combined use of tests with three separate antigens maximizes the effectiveness of serodiagnosis.
A wavelet-based video coding scheme using image warping prediction (2002)

This paper describes a video coding algorithm that combines new ideas in motion estimation and wavelet-based coding techniques. A motion estimation technique using an image warping model is employed to reduce temporal redundancies in a given image sequence. The underlying continuous motion model is based on a bilinear warp of a grid of quadrangles. It has the advantage of dealing with more complex motion than simple block matching schemes. In addition, a block adaptive high-quality texture interpolation is used to further improve the quality of the prediction. The prediction error image is decorrelated using a wavelet transform coupled with a framework of highly efficient pre-coding techniques utilizing the concepts of partitioning, aggregation and conditional coding (PACC). This combined coding strategy has proved to be very efficient both with respect to subjective and objective measures. The improvements achieved with our proposed coder compared to the H.263 coder (with all options applied) range from 0.5 to 1.2 dB PSNR. Especially at very low bit-rates where reconstructed videos of block-based coders suffer from visually annoying blocking artifacts the proposed coding scheme produces a superior subjective quality.
Preserving privacy while broadcasting: K-limited-access schemes (2017)

Index coding employs coding across clients within the same broadcast domain. This typically assumes that all clients learn the coding matrix so that they can decode and retrieve their requested data. However, learning the coding matrix can pose privacy concerns: it may enable clients to infer information about the requests and side information of other clients [1]. In this paper, we formalize the intuition that the achieved privacy can increase by decreasing the number of rows of the coding matrix that a client learns. Based on this, we propose the use of k-limited-access schemes: given an index coding scheme that employs T transmissions, we create a k-limited-access scheme with T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</sub> ≤ T transmissions, and with the property that each client learns at most k rows of the coding matrix to decode its message. We derive upper and lower bounds on T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</sub> for all values of k, and develop deterministic designs for these schemes for which T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</sub> has an order-optimal exponent for some regimes.
Structure and establishment of the German Cochlear Implant Registry (DCIR) (2023)

Hearing rehabilitation of patients with severe hearing loss or deafness using cochlear implants (CI) is a very successful but also complex and lifelong process that requires high quality standards for structure, process, and results. Medical registries represent an ideal tool for conducting quality control relevant to care while at the same time collecting scientific data. Therefore, at the initiative of the Executive Committee of the German Society of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery (DGHNO-KHC), a Germany-wide CI registry (the German Cochlear Implant Register, DCIR) was to be established. The following goals were to be achieved: 1) legal and contractual basis for the register; 2) definition of the register contents; 3) development of evaluation standards (hospital-specific and national annual reports); 4) development of a logo; 5) practical operation of the registry. After defining a catalog of services that defines the content, structure, and operation of the DCIR, a registry operator with audiological expertise was sought. After considering various offers, the registry was technically implemented in cooperation with the provider INNOFORCE (Ruggell, Liechtenstein) as registry operator. This also included the realization of an interface for data transfer from previously existing databases and development of a data protection concept for productive operation of the DCIR under the scientific leadership of the DGHNO-KHC Executive Committee. Since January 2022, it has been possible for participating hospitals to enter pseudonymized data into the DCIR. To date, 75 hospitals in Germany have contractually agreed to participate in the registry. During the first 15 months, data from over 2500 implants in over 2000 patients were registered in the DCIR. The work presented here describes the structuring, development, and successful establishment of the DCIR. Introduction of the DCIR represents an important milestone of future scientifically based quality control in CI care. The registry presented here can therefore be considered as an example for other areas of medical care and thus also sets an international standard.
Microstructural Analysis of a Cubic Bicontinuous Morphology in a Neat SIS Triblock Copolymer (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTMicrostructural Analysis of a Cubic Bicontinuous Morphology in a Neat SIS Triblock CopolymerJonathan H. Laurer, Damian A. Hajduk, Jennifer C. Fung, John W. Sedat, Steven D. Smith, Sol M. Gruner, David A. Agard, and Richard J. SpontakView Author Information Department of Materials Science & Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, Graduate Group in Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, Corporate Research Division, The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio 45239, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143 Cite this: Macromolecules 1997, 30, 13, 3938–3941Publication Date (Web):June 30, 1997Publication History Received1 April 1997Published online30 June 1997Published inissue 1 June 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma970449lhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma970449lbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views690Altmetric-Citations90LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Copolymers,Morphology,Order,Scattering,X-ray scattering Get e-Alerts
Phase transformation and nanograin refinement of silicon by processing through high-pressure torsion (2012)

Si(100) wafers were subjected to severe plastic deformation under a pressure of 24 GPa using high-pressure torsion (HPT). Si wafers were plastically deformed at room temperature. HPT-processed samples were composed of metastable body centered cubic Si-III and rhombohedral Si-XII phases in the initial cubic diamond Si-I. The volume fraction of metastable phases increased with increasing plastic strain. Successive annealing at 873 K led to the reverse transformation of metastable phases. A broad photoluminescence peak centered at about 650 nm appears due to the reverse transformation of Si-III/Si-XII nanograins and the reduction of number of defects in Si-I nanograins.
An automatic and complete self-calibration method for robotic guided laser ablation (2010)

This paper describes the content of the video for ICRA 2010. The approach presented in the video is a complete automatic registration of all needed devices for robotic guided CO2 bone processing. The system consists of an optical tracking system, a lightweight robot and a scan head. While a standard point to point transformation for the transformation between optical tracking system and robot is inadequate, a special registration algorithm was developed and therefore is used. This allows an automatic registration by moving the robot to different positions and storing the position of a body attached to the robot TCP. The scan head is registered to the optical tracking system or to the robot using a camera that tracks the prototype laser. Only the patient must be registered manually. The result is that the robot moves to the target position on the bone defined inside the segmented 3D CT dataset. With the known registration between robot and tracking system the robot can also be controlled via visual servoing.
Supplementary Table 1 from Targeting Notch Inhibitors to the Myeloma Bone Marrow Niche Decreases Tumor Growth and Bone Destruction without Gut Toxicity (2023)

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Ordering of glass rods in nematic and cholesteric liquid crystals (2011)

The orientational assembly of glass rods (3 x ~15 µm) in nematic, twisted nematic, and cholesteric liquid crystal cells was observed and quantified with optical microscopy. At this size, the rods were affected strongly by gravity and sedimented to the bottom of the cells. Temporal visualization of the sedimentation process (induced by flipping the cell over) shed insight into the effect the liquid crystal order had on the glass rod orientation. For nematic and twisted nematic geometries, the glass rods were aligned parallel to the local director orientation. Control experiments indicate that the rod alignment is not due to capillary flow induced artifacts from fabrication of the sample or due to interactions with the buffed substrates. As evidence, the glass rods rotated 90 degrees as they fell from the top to the bottom of a twisted nematic cell. More complex behavior was observed for cholesteric cells depending on the pitch length. A computational model was developed to predict the elastic energy of the system as a function of the angle between the long axis of the glass rod and the cholesteric liquid crystal director. The model predicted that the elastic energy of the system was minimized when the glass rods remained parallel to the cholesteric liquid crystal director when the pitch was sufficiently long, which agrees with experimental results.
T1-Weighted Brain Imaging With a 32-Channel Coil at 3T Using TurboFLASH BLADE Compared With Standard Cartesian k-Space Sampling (2009)

Results demonstrate that turboFLASH BLADE is applicable at 3T with a 32-channel head coil for T1-weighted imaging, with reduced ghost artifacts. This approach offers the first truly clinically applicable T1-weighted BLADE technique for brain imaging at 3T, with consistent excellent image quality.
Fast Inertia-Free Volumetric Light-Sheet Microscope (2017)

Fast noninvasive three-dimensional (3D) imag-ing is crucial for quantitatively studying highly dynamic events ranging from flow cytometry to developmental biology. Light-sheet microscopy has emerged as the tool-of-choice for 3D characterization of rapidly evolving systems. However, to obtain a 3D image, either the sample or parts of the microscope are moved, limiting the acquisition speed. Here, we propose a novel inertia-free light-sheet-based scheme for volumetric imaging at high temporal resolution. Our approach comprises a novel combination of an acousto-optic scanner to produce tailored illumination and an acoustic-optofluidic lens, placed in the detection path to provide extended depth-of-field. Such a combination enables unsurpassed 3D imaging speeds up to 200 volumes per second. The volumetric imaging speed is limited only by the acquisition frame rate of the camera and the desired signal-to- noise ratio. Our volumetric microscope allows for invariant acquisition along the detection axis, avoiding extensive processing or complex deconvolution methods to restore image quality.
Laboratory Demonstration of the Local Oscillator Concept for the Event Horizon Imager (2021)

Black hole imaging challenges the third-generation space VLBI, the Very Long Baseline Interferometry, to operate on a 500[Formula: see text]GHz band. The coherent integration time needed here is 450[Formula: see text]s though the available space oscillators cannot offer more than 10[Formula: see text]s. Self-calibration methods might solve this issue in an interferometer formed by three antenna/satellite systems, but the need for the third satellite increases the mission costs. A frequency transfer is of special interest to alleviate both performance and cost issues. A concept of two-way optical frequency transfer is examined to investigate its suitability to enable space-to-space interferometry, in particular, to image the “shadows” of black holes from space. The concept, promising on paper, has been demonstrated by tests. The laboratory test set-up is presented and the verification of the temporal stability using standard analysis tool as TimePod has been passed. The resulting Allan Deviation is dominated by the 1/[Formula: see text] phase noise trend since the frequency transfer timescale of interest is shorter than 0.2[Formula: see text]s. This trend continues into longer integration times, as proven by the longest tests spanning over a few hours. The Allan Deviation between derived 103.2[Formula: see text]GHz oscillators is [Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text] within 10[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]s that degrades twice towards the longest delay of 0.2[Formula: see text]s. The worst case satisfies the requirement with a margin of 11 times. The obtained coherence in the range of 0.997[Formula: see text]0.9998 is beneficial for space VLBI at 557[Formula: see text]GHz. The result is of special interest to future science missions for black hole imaging from space.