gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of hypotonic swelling on the cellular distribution and expression of pICln in human nonpigmented ciliary epithelial cells (1999)

These observations indicate that, contrary to previous suggestions, the pI(Cln) protein is not likely to be in contact with the plasma membrane of ciliary epithelial cells, and its influence on Cl- -channel activity is more likely to be expressed indirectly, (i.e. through cytoskeletal restructuring).
A study on path re-routing algorithms at the MPLS-based hierarchical mobile IP network (2002)

This paper proposes the multiprotocol label switching (MPLS)-based hierarchical Mobile IP architecture to allow frequent and seamless location management It proposes that the label distribution protocol (LDP) can be applied to set up the label switched path (LSP) tunnels between the mobile agents (that is, foreign agents and home agents). It means that the IP-in-IP tunnels can be replaced by one or multiple LSP on the MPLS network. When a mobile node (MN) migrates to the adjacent subnet, it performs a regional registration and partial LSP re-establishment method. So our scheme can reduce LSP setup latency more than the existing integration of Mobile IP and MPLS. We also propose a multicast re-routing scheme to support smooth handover on the MPLS-based hierarchical Mobile IP network after analyzing several LSP re-routing schemes.
Data from Activation of MAPK Signaling by CXCR7 Leads to Enzalutamide Resistance in Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) that has developed resistance to the new-generation androgen receptor (AR) antagonist enzalutamide is a lethal disease. Transcriptome analysis of multiple prostate cancer models identified CXCR7, an atypical chemokine receptor, as one of the most upregulated genes in enzalutamide-resistant cells. AR directly repressed &lt;i&gt;CXCR7&lt;/i&gt; by binding to an enhancer 110 kb downstream of the gene and expression was restored upon androgen deprivation. We demonstrate that CXCR7 is a critical regulator of prostate cancer sensitivity to enzalutamide and is required for CRPC growth &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;. Elevated CXCR7 activated MAPK/ERK signaling through ligand-independent, but β-arrestin 2-dependent mechanisms. Examination of patient specimens showed that CXCR7 and pERK levels increased significantly from localized prostate cancer to CRPC and further upon enzalutamide resistance. Preclinical studies revealed remarkable efficacies of MAPK/ERK inhibitors in suppressing enzalutamide-resistant prostate cancer. Overall, these results indicate that CXCR7 may serve as a biomarker of resistant disease in patients with prostate cancer and that disruption of CXCR7 signaling may be an effective strategy to overcome resistance.&lt;/p&gt;Significance:&lt;p&gt;These findings identify CXCR7-mediated MAPK activation as a mechanism of resistance to second-generation antiandrogen therapy, highlighting the therapeutic potential of MAPK/ERK inhibitors in CRPC.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Characterization of the T cell antigen receptor - p60fyn protein tyrosine kinase association by chemical cross-linking (1992)

Engagement of the TCR by specific antigen results in activation of a tyrosine kinase pathway. A candidate for the kinase responsible for the rapid tyrosine phosphorylation detected with T cell activation is p60fyn, a member of the src kinase family. In an earlier study [Samelson et al. (1990) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 87:4358] this enzyme was co-immunoprecipitated with the TCR from T cells solubilized in digitonin. In that study a sensitive in vitro kinase assay was used to detect the associated p60fyn. It was subsequently found that the reproducibility of the interaction depended on lot-to-lot variations in digitonin. To eliminate the possibility that the association of antigen receptor and kinase is an artifact of solubilization with ill-defined digitonin preparations, a cross-linking protocol was developed to stabilize the interaction between the TCR and p60fyn. T cells were permeabilized with tetanolysin and proteins were cross-linked with the water soluble chemical cross-linker, 3,3' dithiobis(sulfosuccinimidylpropionate). These experiments allowed the confirmation of the interaction between the TCR, p60fyn, and several additional proteins. The cross-linking studies also enabled the mapping of the interaction of p60fyn and associated proteins to the TCR zeta-chain. This technique should have a general use in stabilizing interactions between other receptors and molecules required for intracellular signaling.
Growth Mechanism of Micro/Nano Metal Dendrites and Cumulative Strategies for Countering Its Impacts in Metal Ion Batteries: A Review (2021)

Metal-ion batteries are capable of delivering high energy density with a longer lifespan. However, they are subject to several issues limiting their utilization. One critical impediment is the budding and extension of solid protuberances on the anodic surface, which hinders the cell functionalities. These protuberances expand continuously during the cyclic processes, extending through the separator sheath and leading to electrical shorting. The progression of a protrusion relies on a number of in situ and ex situ factors that can be evaluated theoretically through modeling or via laboratory experimentation. However, it is essential to identify the dynamics and mechanism of protrusion outgrowth. This review article explores recent advances in alleviating metal dendrites in battery systems, specifically alkali metals. In detail, we address the challenges associated with battery breakdown, including the underlying mechanism of dendrite generation and swelling. We discuss the feasible solutions to mitigate the dendrites, as well as their pros and cons, highlighting future research directions. It is of great importance to analyze dendrite suppression within a pragmatic framework with synergy in order to discover a unique solution to ensure the viability of present (Li) and future-generation batteries (Na and K) for commercial use.
Comparison of Type 1 and Type 2 Cytokine Production by Mononuclear Cells Cultured With Streptococcus mutans and Selected Other Caries Bacteria (2004)

A feature of pulpal immune responses is the predominance of type 1 cytokine mRNA under shallow caries and a mixed (type 1/type 2) profile under deep caries. These results prompted an examination of the cytokine profiles induced by bacteria in shallow caries (Streptococcus mutans and Actinomyces viscosus) and deep caries (Lactobacillus casei, Pseudoramibacter alactolyticus, and Prevotella intermedia). All isolates induced interferon-gamma and interleukin-10, whereas interleukin-4 and interleukin-2 titers were low to undetectable. S. mutans was the most potent and persistent interferon-gamma inducer. Differences in interleukin-10 were apparent at low doses but were less dramatic, with L. casei the dominant producer. S. mutans induced substantially more interferon-gamma than interleukin-10 over all doses and time points, suggesting strong type 1 polarization. P. alactolyticus induced significantly more interleukin-10 than interferon-gamma at higher concentrations, suggesting polarization toward type 2. A similar amount of interferon-gamma and interleukin-10 induced by L. casei, A. viscosus, and P. intermedia reflected a mixed profile. A better understanding of pulpal immune response to caries bacteria may enable us to develop an immune system-based pulp therapy in the future.
EFFECTS OF DEEP-SEA WATER ON CARDIAC ABNORMALITY IN HIGH-CHOLESTEROL DIETARY MICE (2011)

ABSTRACT Our recent studies indicated that electrodialysed deep-sea water (ED-DSW) revealed the cardiovascular health effects, such as hindrances of the dietary-induced evaluation of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and nonhigh-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), as well as improvement of HDL-C/non-HDL-C ratio and blood pressure. In the current study, we further revealed the beneficial effects of ED-DSW on high-cholesterol dietary mice by reducing abnormal cardiac architecture, apoptosis and enhancing insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) cardiac survival signaling compared with those mice that were treated with distilled water, reverse osmosis (RO)-DSW or 10% (v/v) dilution with ddH2O (10% DSW). These findings further clarified the possible mechanisms of cardiac protective effects of ED-DSW and might suggest ED-DSW as an ingredient of cardiovascular health food in some niche markets. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Deep-sea water (DSW) has been applied on several fields including aquaculture, agriculture, food processing, cosmetics and medicine. Recently, we have indicated that high-cholesterol dietary mice drinking electrodialysed DSW (ED-DSW) showed decreased serum lipids, blood pressure and improving blood cholesterol profile. In this study, we further demonstrated the beneficial effects of ED-DSW on high-cholesterol dietary mice by reducing abnormal cardiac architecture, apoptosis in left ventricle and increasing cardiac survival signaling, such as insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor, phosphoinositide-3-kinases and p-AKT/AKT ratio. Altogether, these findings indicated that ED-DSW revealed the cardiac protective effects and might be suggested as an ingredient of cardiovascular health food in a variety of niche markets.
Investigation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure in Young People (2019)

Hypertension among young people is common, affecting 1 in 8 adults aged between 20 and 40 years. This number is likely to increase with lifestyle behaviors and lowering of hypertension diagnostic thresholds. Early-life factors influence blood pressure (BP) although the mechanisms are unclear; BP tracks strongly within individuals from adolescence through to later life. Higher BP at a young age is associated with abnormalities on heart and brain imaging and increases the likelihood of cardiovascular events by middle age. However, diagnosis rates are lower, and treatment is often delayed in young people. This reflects the lack of high-quality evidence that lowering BP in young adults improves cardiovascular outcomes later in life. In this review, we evaluate the current evidence regarding the association between BP in young adult life and adverse cardiovascular outcomes later in life. Following this, we discuss which young people with raised BP should be investigated for secondary causes of hypertension. Third, we assess the current models to assess cardiovascular risk and show a lack of validation in the younger age group. Fourth, we evaluate the evidence for lifestyle interventions in this age group and demonstrate a lack of persistence in BP lowering once the initial intervention has been delivered. Fifth, we address the pros and cons of drug treatment for raised BP in young people. Finally, there are unique life events in young people, such as pregnancy, that require specific advice on management and treatment of BP.
Vasopressin treatment causes widespread hypoxia in the renal medulla of Brattleboro rats (2011)

In the present study we aimed to elucidate the effects of chronic vasopressin (AVP) administration on renal medullary oxygen levels in AVP-deficient Brattleboro rats (DI rats). To this end, adult DI rats were treated for 3 days with the V2 AVP receptor agonist desmopressin (dDAVP, 5ng/h; 3d) or its vehicle via osmotic minipump. Pimonidazole immunostaining was employed to study oxygen distribution throughout the kidney. In addition, outer medullary gene expression was determined by microarray analysis. dDAVP treatment resulted in a significant drop in urine output (−94 +/− 24% compared to controls, p < .05). Pimonidazole staining was detected in medullary rays of the cortex and in the outer as well as in the inner medulla of dDAVP-treated rats whereas signal in control animals was weak or absent. Gene expression analysis revealed an upregulation of several known target genes for hypoxia-inducible factors which included hexokinase 2, phosphofructokinase, heme oxygenase 1, insulin like growth factor (IGF) 1 and IGF binding proteins 1 and 3. Our results suggest that an activation of the renal urine concentration mechanism by dDAVP causes renal medullary hypoxia and an upregulation of hypoxia-inducible target gene expression. This study was supported by the German Research Foundation (FOR 667)
Supplementary File Legends from Genomic Characterization of Brain Metastases Reveals Branched Evolution and Potential Therapeutic Targets (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary File Legends&lt;/p&gt;
Screening of Hepatitis C Virus Inhibitors Using Genotype 1a HCV Replicon Cell Lines (2011)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) replicons are the primary tools for identifying and evaluating anti-HCV compounds during drug discovery research. Genotype 1a and 1b are the most common genotypes in North America and Europe. These genotypes display significant genetic divergence (∼20% at the nucleotide level and ∼14% at the amino acid level), which can translate into marked differences in drug susceptibility. Thus, it is critical that potential therapeutics be assessed against both genotypes to ensure antiviral efficacy in the broad genotype 1 patient population. This unit describes assays for screening HCV inhibitors using replicons with a focus on genotype 1a. Specific protocols are provided for screening 1a replicons that encode the Renilla luciferase gene and for replicons that do not encode exogenous reporter genes, both in 96-well (manual) and in 384-well (high-throughput) formats. Curr. Protoc. Microbiol. 22:17.1.1-17.1.29. © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Utilizzo di tenute in materiale abradibile nelle turbine a gas (2004)

.
Myocardial storage of chondroitin sulfate-containing moieties in Costello syndrome patients with severe hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (2005)

Costello syndrome is a distinctive multiple congenital anomaly syndrome, characterized by loose soft skin with deep palmar and plantar creases, loose joints, distinctive coarse facial features, skeletal abnormalities, cardiac abnormalities (cardiovascular malformation (CVM), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, tachycardia), predisposition to malignancy, developmental delays, and mental retardation. Previous studies with cultured fibroblasts from individuals with Costello syndrome demonstrate excessive accumulation of chondroitin sulfate-bearing proteoglycans, associated with both impaired formation of elastic fibers and an unusually high rate of cellular proliferation. Despite multiple clinical reports of cardiac abnormalities, there has been only one previously published report describing post-mortem findings in hearts from Costello syndrome patients. Here we provide a detailed description of the post-mortem findings of the hearts of three children with Costello syndrome. Routine histological examination and results of targeted histochemical and immunohistochemical studies revealed that in addition to cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, these hearts also demonstrated massive pericellular and intracellular accumulation of chondroitin sulfate-bearing proteoglycans and a marked reduction of elastic fibers. Normal stroma was replaced by multifocal collagenous fibrosis. Most peculiar was the finding that the bulk of the chondroitin sulfate accumulated in these Costello syndrome hearts is a chondroitin-6-sulfate. In contrast, deposition of chondroitin-4 sulfate was below the level detected in normal hearts. We propose that an imbalance in sulfation of chondroitin sulfate molecules and subsequent accumulation of chondroitin-6-sulfate in cardiomyocytes contribute to the development of the hypertrophic cardiomyopathy of Costello syndrome.
A Non-Linear Diffeomorphic Framework for Prostate Multimodal Registration (2011)

This paper presents a novel method for non-rigid registration of prostate multimodal images based on a nonlinear framework. The parametric estimation of the non-linear diffeomorphism between the 2D fixed and moving images has its basis in solving a set of non-linear equations of thin-plate splines. The regularized bending energy of the thin-plate splines along with the localization error of established correspondences is jointly minimized with the fixed and transformed image difference, where, the transformed image is represented by the set of non-linear equations defined over the moving image. The traditional thin-plate splines with established correspondences may provide good registration of the anatomical targets inside the prostate but may fail to provide improved contour registration. On the contrary, the proposed framework maintains the accuracy of registration in terms of overlap due to the non-linear thin-plate spline functions while also producing smooth deformations of the anatomical structures inside the prostate as a result of established corrspondences. The registration accuracies of the proposed method are evaluated in 20 pairs of prostate mid-gland ultrasound and magnetic resonance images in terms of Dice similarity coefficient with an average of 0.982 ± 0.004, average 95% Hausdorff distance of 1.54 ± 0.46 mm and mean target registration and target localization errors of 1.90±1.27 mm and 0.15 ± 0.12 mm respectively.
How to Handle Small Samples: Bootstrap and Bayesian Methods in the Analysis of Linguistic Change (2006)

Estimating the relative frequencies of linguistic features is a fundamental task in linguistic computation. As the amount of text or speech that is available from a given user of the language typically varies greatly, and the sample sizes tend to be small, the most straightforward methods do not always give the most informative answers. Bootstrap and Bayesian methods provide techniques for handling the uncertainty in small samples. We describe these techniques for estimating frequencies from small samples, and show how they can be applied to the study of linguistic change. As a test case, we use the introduction of the pronoun you as subject in the data provided by the Corpus of Early English Correspondence (c. 1410–1681).
Targeted rapid knee MRI exam using T2 shuffling (2019)

2 Technical Efficacy: Stage 6 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019.
Fus2 localizes near the site of cell fusion and is required for both cell fusion and nuclear alignment during zygote formation. (1995)

Zygote formation occurs through tightly coordinated cell and nuclear fusion events. Genetic evidence suggests that the FUS2 gene product promotes cell fusion during zygote formation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, functioning with the Fus1 plasma membrane protein at or before cell wall and plasma membrane fusion. Here we report the sequence of the FUS2 gene, localization of Fus2 protein, and show that fus1 and fus2 mutants have distinct defects in cell fusion. FUS2 encodes a unique open reading frame of 617 residues that only is expressed in haploid cells in response to mating pheromone. Consistent with a role in cell fusion, Fus2 protein localizes with discrete structures that could be of cytoskeletal or vesicular origin that accumulate at the tip of pheromone-induced shmoos and at the junction of paired cells in zygotes. Fus2 is predicted to be a coiled-coil protein and fractionates with a 100,000 g pellet, suggesting that it is associated with cytoskeleton, membranes, or other macromolecular structures. Fus2 may interact with structures involved in the alignment of the nuclei during cell fusion, because fus2 mutants have strong defects in karyogamy and fail to orient microtubules between parental nuclei in zygotes. In contrast, fus1 mutants show no karyogamy defects. These, and other results suggest that Fus2 defines a novel cell fusion function and subcellular structure that is also required for the alignment of parental nuclei before nuclear fusion.
ChemInform Abstract: Triazole Phosphonates. Electrophilic Substitution of 1‐Substituted‐1H‐ 1,2,4‐Triazoles via Lithiated Triazole Intermediates. (1987)

Abstract The 1‐substituted 1,2,4‐triazoles (I) are lithiated and then treated with the electrophiles (II), (IV), or (VI) to yield the 5‐substituted derivatives (III), (V), or (VII).
Highly efficient all‐nitride phosphor‐converted white light emitting diode (2005)

Abstract In the Editor's Choice [1] the development and demonstration of a highly efficient warm‐white all‐nitride phosphor‐converted light emitting diode (pc‐LED) is presented utilizing a GaN based quantum well blue LED and two novel nitrogen containing luminescent materials doped with Eu 2+ . These novel LEDs are superior to both incandescent and fluorescent lamps and may therefore become the next generation of general lighting sources. The cover picture is an artist's view of the 2‐pc‐LED: On a copper slug and underneath a plastic lens a ‘flip‐chip’ is soldered to metal contacts; ‘flip‐chip’ meaning the substrate on which the stack of GaN and InGaN layers has been deposited is used as light exit, the (bottom) p‐contacts being highly reflective. The color converting phosphors are placed on top of the chip, embedded in silicone. Primary blue as well as color‐converted red and green photons are emitted. The first author, Regina Mueller‐Mach, manages the Charac‐terization Laboratory at Lumileds which runs R&amp;D work on phosphor converted LEDs in close cooperation with Philips Research Laboratories and the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry of the University of Munich.
Knockdown of Intraislet IKKβ by Spherical Nucleic Acid Conjugates Prevents Cytokine-Induced Injury and Enhances Graft Survival (2013)

These results are consistent with the hypothesis that inhibition of intraislet NF-κB activation ameliorates the detrimental effects of host cytokines and demonstrates that preconditioning freshly isolated islets in culture with IKKβ SNA-NCs may be a promising therapy to enhance islet graft function and survival after transplantation.
Validation of Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry-Based 5-Plex Assay for Mucopolysaccharidoses (2020)

Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs) are rare lysosomal storage diseases caused by the accumulation of undegraded glycosaminoglycans in cells and tissues. The effectiveness of early intervention for MPS has been reported. Multiple-assay formats using tandem mass spectrometry have been developed. Here, we developed a method for simultaneous preparation and better measurement of the activities of five enzymes involved in MPSs, i.e., MPS I, MPS II, MPS IIIB, MPS IVA, and MPS VI, which were validated using 672 dried blood spot samples obtained from healthy newborns and 23 patients with MPS. The mean values of the enzyme activities and standard deviations in controls were as follows: α-iduronidase (IDUA), 4.19 ± 1.53 µM/h; iduronate-2-sulfatase (I2S), 8.39 ± 2.82 µM/h; <i>N</i>-acetyl-α-glucosaminidase (NAGLU), 1.96 ± 0.57 µM/h; <i>N</i>-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfatase (GALNS), 0.50 ± 0.20 µM/h; and <i>N</i>-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulfatase (ARSB), 2.64 ± 1.01 µM/h. All patients displayed absent or low enzyme activity. In MPS I, IIIB, and VI, each patient group was clearly separated from controls, whereas there was some overlap between the control and patient groups in MPS II and IVA, suggesting the occurrence of pseudo-deficiencies. Thus, we established a multiplex assay for newborn screening using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, allowing simultaneous pretreatment and measurement of five enzymes relevant to MPSs.
Cilofexor, a Nonsteroidal FXR Agonist, in Patients With Noncirrhotic NASH: A Phase 2 Randomized Controlled Trial (2020)

Cilofexor for 24 weeks was well-tolerated and provided significant reductions in hepatic steatosis, liver biochemistry, and serum bile acids in patients with NASH. ClinicalTrials.gov No. NCT02854605.