gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Resveratrol Derivatives from Vatica albiramis (2011)

Three new stilbene derivatives, albiraminols A (1) (resveratrol hexamer), B (2) (resveratrol dimer), and vatalbinoside F (3) (mono-glucoside of resveratrol dimer), along with malibatol were isolated from acetone soluble portions of the stem of Vatica albiramis. The structures of the isolates were established on the basis of spectroscopic analyses, including a detailed NMR spectroscopic investigation. The biosynthetic aspects of the isolates are discussed in this paper. Compound 1 is composed of tetrameric resveratrol (vaticanol B (1A)) and dimeric resveratrol (1B) and is the first instance of the resveratrol derivative bearing a 5,6,11,12-tetrahydro-5,11-epoxydibenzo[a,e][8]annulene ring system. Compound 2 possesses a novel 4,5-dihydro-13-oxabenzo[3,4]azuleno[7,8,1-jkl]phenanthrene skeleton in the framework.
High temperature monitoring of an oxy-fuel fluidized bed combustor using femtosecond infrared laser written fiber Bragg gratings (2016)

Femtosecond pulse duration infrared laser (fs-IR) written fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs), have demonstrated great potential for extreme environment sensing. Harsh environments are inherent to the advanced power plant technologies under development to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The performance of new power systems are currently limited by the lack of sensors and controls capable of withstanding the high temperature, pressure and corrosive conditions present. This paper discusses fabrication and deployment of several fs-IR written FBG arrays, for monitoring the temperature distribution within a fluidized bed combustor. Results include: calibration data to ~ 1100 °C, discussion of deployment strategies, contrast with thermocouple data, and comments on reliability.
Exposure in revision total knee arthroplasty (1988)

The technique for revising a total joint arthroplasty is presented, with particular attention given to the initial exposure and the preparation of the distal femur and proximal tibia. The exposure is difficult in many cases. The quadriceps turndown technique, originally described by Coonse and Adams and modified by Insall, is presented. This technique greatly facilitates exposure and enables the distal femur and proximal tibia to be dissected free from overlying scar tissue. The technique of skeletonization of the bones is also presented. This technique provides adequate assessment of the existing bone stock prior to reimplantation of a new total knee replacement. These techniques have been successfully utilized in over 250 revision total joint arthroplasties at the Knee Service at The Hospital for Special Surgery.
A mathematical model of the intracranial system including autoregulation (1997)

Cerebral autoregulation plays an important role in the dynamic processes of intracranial physiology. This work develops a four-compartment, lumped-parameter model for the interactions of intracranial pressures, volumes, and flows as a test bed for examining the consistent inclusion of explicit autoregulation in mathematical models of the intracranial system. It is hypothesized that autoregulation of the blood supply from the arterioles to the capillary bed can be modeled by allowing the flow resistance at the interface of the artery and capillary compartments in the model to be a function of pressure rather than a constant. The functional dependence on pressure of this resistance parameter is not specified in advance, but emerges naturally from the assumed relationship between pressure differences and flows. Results show that a constant flow from the artery to the capillary compartment can be maintained by a flow resistance which is resistance which is directly proportional to the pressure difference between these two compartments. Oscillatory flow is reestablished in the model at the capillary-cerebrospinal fluid and capillary-venous interfaces.
Graft copolymers of hydroxyethyl cellulose by a ‘grafting to’ method:15N labelling as a powerful characterisation tool in ‘click’ polymer chemistry (2014)

The use of<sup>15</sup>N labeling demonstrates the success of ‘grafting to’ preparation of cellulose graft copolymers by ‘click’ coupling.
Specificity of γδ Receptor‐Bearing Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Isolated from Human Peripheral Blood (1989)

T-cell receptor (TcR)-gamma delta-bearing lymphocytes were isolated from the peripheral blood of two healthy donors by immunomagnetic separation and subsequently cultured. The cell lines generated showed two distinct patterns of cytotoxicity. One TcR-gamma delta + cell line (HG.D) lysed K562 and U937 target cells, three TcR-gamma delta + cell lines lysed Daudi cells, and one TcR-gamma delta + cell line showed a shift from the former to the latter specificity during culture. Cold target inhibition experiments showed that the HG.D effector cells which were cytotoxic against U937 cells also lysed K562 cells. The cytotoxicity against Daudi cells was strongly inhibited by monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) against the CD3 complex, whereas the cytotoxicity of the HG.D cell line against K562 and U937 was unaffected by such antibodies. The cytotoxicity against Daudi cells was also strongly inhibited in the presence of anti-TcR-gamma delta MoAb. However, in two of the Daudi-specific cell lines, strong cytotoxicity against K562 cells was induced by anti-TcR-gamma delta MoAb. Anti-LFA-1 MoAb caused only a partial inhibition of cytotoxicity, while anti-CD2 and anti-TcR-alpha beta MoAb were found to have no effect. The results indicate that human gamma delta receptor-bearing T cells demonstrate a certain degree of target cell specificity, and that recognition of some target cells may be mediated through the TcR-gamma delta.
Quality Assurance of Weld Seams Using Laser Triangulation Imaging and Deep Neural Networks (2020)

In this paper, a novel optical inspection system is presented that is directly suitable for Industry 4.0 and the implementation on IoT-devices controlling the manufacturing process. The proposed system is capable of distinguishing between erroneous and faultless weld seams, without explicitly defining measurement criteria. The developed system uses a deep neural network based classifier for the class prediction. A weld seam dataset was acquired and labelled by an expert committee. Thereby, the visual impression and assessment of the experts is learnt accurately. In the scope of this paper laser triangulation images are used. Due to their special characteristics, the images must be pre-processed to enable the use of a deep neural network. Furthermore, two different approaches are investigated to enable an inspection of differently sized weld seams. Both approaches yield very high classification accuracies of up to 96.88%, which is competitive to current state of the art optical inspection systems. Moreover, the proposed system enables a higher flexibility and an increased robustness towards systematic errors and environmental conditions due to its ability to generalize. A further benefit of the proposed system is the fast decision process enabling the usage directly within the manufacturing line. Furthermore, standard hardware is used throughout the whole presented work, keeping the roll-out costs for the proposed system as low as possible.
Role of Cardiovascular Imaging in Cancer Patients Receiving Cardiotoxic Therapies: A Position Statement on Behalf of the Heart Failure Association (HFA), the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI) and the Cardio-Oncology Council of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) (2020)

Cardiovascular (CV) imaging is an important tool in baseline risk assessment and detection of CV disease in oncology patients receiving cardiotoxic cancer therapies. This position statement examines the role of echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance, nuclear cardiac imaging and computed tomography in the management of cancer patients. The Imaging and Cardio-Oncology Study Groups of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) in collaboration with the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI) and the Cardio-Oncology Council of the ESC have evaluated the current evidence for the value of modern CV imaging in the cardio-oncology field. The most relevant echocardiographic parameters, including global longitudinal strain and three-dimensional ejection fraction, are proposed. The protocol for baseline pre-treatment evaluation and specific surveillance algorithms or pathways for anthracycline chemotherapy, HER2-targeted therapies such as trastuzumab, vascular endothelial growth factor tyrosine kinase inhibitors, BCr-Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitors, proteasome inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors are presented. The indications for CV imaging after completion of oncology treatment are considered. The typical consequences of radiation therapy and the possibility of their identification in the long term are also summarized. Special populations are discussed including female survivors planning pregnancy, patients with carcinoid disease, patients with cardiac tumours and patients with right heart failure. Future directions and ongoing CV imaging research in cardio-oncology are discussed.
A2B Adenosine Receptor Agonists: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 2‐Phenylhydroxypropynyl Adenosine and NECA Derivatives (2004)

In the search for agonists for the elusive A2B adenosine receptor subtypes, 2-phenylhydroxypropynyl-5'-N-methylcarboxamido adenosine (PHPMECA, 14), 2-phenylhydroxypropynyl-5'-N-propylcarboxamido adenosine (PHPPECA, 15), and N6-ethyl-2-phenylhydroxypropynyl-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (19) were synthesized on the basis that introduction of alkynyl chains in 2-position of adenosine derivatives resulted in reasonably good A2B potency compared to NECA [see N6-ethyl-2-phenylhydroxypropynyl adenosine (5) EC50 = 1,700 nM and 2-phenylhydroxypropynyl-5'-N-ethylcarboxamido adenosine (PHPNECA, 8) EC50 = 1,100 nM, respectively]. Radioligand binding studies and adenylyl cyclase assays, performed with recently cloned human A1, A2A, A2B, and A3 adenosine receptors, showed that these modifications produced a decrease in potency at A2B receptor, as well as a general reduction in affinity at the other receptor subtypes. On the other hand, the contemporary presence of an ethyl substituent in N6-position and of a 4'-ethylcarboxamido group in the same compounds led to (R,S)-N6-ethyl-2-phenylhydroxypropynyl-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine and (S)-N6-ethyl-2-phenylhydroxypropynyl-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine, which did not show the expected increase in potency at A2B subtype. Hence, (S)-2-phenylhydroxypropynyl-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine [(S)-PHPNECA] with EC50 A2B = 220 nM remains the most potent agonist at A2B receptor reported so far.
Suppression of Stress-Induced Voiding by Controlling Microstructure of Cu Electroplated Films (2013)

In advanced LSI devices, the filling capability for the electroplating (ECP) process, impurities in Cu film, and grain growth after ECP are important properties of Cu interconnect reliability. It has been reported that the Cu grain growth depends on the ECP-Cu film characteristics and the annealing conditions. In this study, we focus on the deposition thickness of ECP-Cu films to control their microstructure. It is revealed that a thicker ECP-Cu film enlarges the Cu grain size and reduces the number of small grains. It is also revealed that Cu grains in a wide line with a thicker ECP-Cu film are larger, leading to reliability improvement. A film with larger grains has fewer grain boundaries and fewer diffusion paths of vacancies, and a film with fewer small grains has a decreased number of vacancies. As a result, stress-induced voiding phenomena are apparently suppressed by increasing the thickness of deposited ECP-Cu film.
<title>Preliminary ground test radiation results of NASA's MPTB dual-rate 1773 experiment</title> (1996)

NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) along with the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) has been at the forefront of the space community in terms of the use of fiber optic data busses and links in the space radiation environment. Previously, we have described the ground radiation test program of the small explorer data system (SEDS) 1773 1 Mbps fiber optic data bus (FODB), as well as its associated in- flight space radiation-induced performance. Further work has also been presented covering higher speed photonic components utilizing III-V materials. Because of the success of the SEDS 1773 FODB coupled with the radiation testing of III-V devices, a second generation FODB capable of both 1 Mbps and 20 Mbps operation is being developed for spaceflight utilization. We present herein preliminary ground test radiation results of hybrid transceiver devices manufactured by Boeing Space Systems that perform the electro-optic and opto-electric translations in support of this medium rate FODB, the AS1773 bus. These devices, designed to be radiation hard (or rad hard), will be flying on NRL's Microelectronics and Photonics Testbed (MPTB) payload as a NASA experiment. This experiment is described in detail elsewhere in this proceedings.
Design and performance of SOI pass transistors for 1 Gbit DRAMs (2002)

Both partially and fully depleted NMOS pass transistors were designed and fabricated on SIMOX substrates. Using a p+ gate design, V/sub th/=1 V and I/sub off/<1 fA//spl mu/m was achieved on ultra thin film SOI pass transistors. With less than 1 fA//spl mu/m off-state leakage, the SOI pass transistor provides excellent DRAM cell retention time and low stand-by power. The pass transistor's junction voltage decay after precharge is much slower on the thin film SOI than on thicker film SOI. In addition, the SOI pass transistors were found to have higher DRAM charging efficiency than the bulk pass transistor due to the elimination of the body effect. The higher charging efficiency of SOI pass transistors allows a reduction in the word line voltage during the charging state, avoiding the need for the usual boosting of the DRAM word line voltage, thereby increasing the gate oxide integrity and decreasing the active power.
Bifurcation Analysis of the Bulk Propylene Polymerization in the LIPP Process (2012)

Abstract Summary: A dynamic model is built to describe the bulk propylene polymerization in stirred tank reactors (LIPP process), assuming that catalyst deactivation takes place and that the reactor temperature must be controlled with the help of reflux condensers and external heat exchangers. Simulation results show that the dynamic behavior of the LIPP process can be much more complex than described previously, when catalyst deactivation and the performance of the real temperature controller are taken into consideration. Particularly, it is shown that chaotic behavior can be observed in very wide ranges of operation conditions when the more realistic operation conditions are considered.
Epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, and screening of colorectal neoplasia (1991)

This review covers the past year's literature on the epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, and screening of colorectal neoplasia. Studies on incidence and various risk factors and protective factors are also discussed, as well as current research on molecular genetics.
Transient Agarose Spot (TAS) Assay: A New Method to Investigate Cell Migration (2022)

Fibroblasts play a central role in diseases associated with excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM), including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Investigation of different properties of fibroblasts, such as migration, proliferation, and collagen-rich ECM production is unavoidable both in basic research and in the development of antifibrotic drugs. In the present study we developed a cost-effective, 96-well plate-based method to examine the migration of fibroblasts, as an alternative approach to the gold standard scratch assay, which has numerous limitations. This article presents a detailed description of our transient agarose spot (TAS) assay, with instructions for its routine application. Advantages of combined use of different functional assays for fibroblast activation in drug development are also discussed by examining the effect of nintedanib-an FDA approved drug against IPF-on lung fibroblasts.
The effects of 20-kDa human placental GH in male and female GH-deficient mice: an improved human GH? (2021)

This study, in a GH-deficient mouse model, shows that a 20-kDa variant of placental GH (20k-GH-V) retains the growth-promoting effects of normal pituitary-derived GH (GH-N), but with the advantages of having no diabetogenic or prolactin receptor (PRLR)-mediated tumour-promoting effects.
J/ψ and ψ(2S) production in pp collisions at $ \sqrt {s} = 7{\text{Tev}} $ (2012)

A bstract A measurement of the J/ψ and ψ (2S) production cross sections in pp collisions at $ \sqrt {s} = 7{\text{TeV}} $ with the CMS experiment at the LHC is presented. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 37 pb −1 . Using a fit to the invariant mass and decay length distributions, production cross sections have been measured separately for prompt and non-prompt charmonium states, as a function of the meson transverse momentum in several rapidity ranges and integrated in the kinematical regions considered in this study. In addition, cross sections restricted to the acceptance of the CMS detector are given, which are not affected by the polarization of the charmonium states. The ratio of the differential production cross sections of the two states, where systematic uncertainties largely cancel, is also determined. The branching fraction of the inclusive B → ψ (2S) X decay is extracted from the ratio of the non-prompt cross sections to be: $ \mathcal{B}\left( {{\text{B}} \to \psi \left( {\text{2S}} \right)X} \right) = \left( {{3}.0{8}\pm 0.{12}\left( {{\text{stat}}. + {\text{syst}}.} \right)\pm 0.{13}\left( {{\text{theor}}.} \right)\pm 0.{42}\left( {{\mathcal{B}_{\text{PDG}}}} \right)} \right) \times {1}{0^{{ - {3}}}}. $
Bacterial plasmids: their extraordinary contribution to molecular genetics* (Recombinant DNA; extrachromosomal elements; transposons; gene regulation; DNA replication) (1993)

SUMMARY Reviewed here are certain of the extraordinary contributions to molecular genetics that have resulted from the study of bacterial plasmids. Work with plasmids has led to both the ‘operon’ and ‘replicon’ concepts, and has provided seminal information about bacterial conjugation and fertility, recombination, transposable genetic elements, genome evolution and antisense RNA. Studies of plasmid functions have yielded important findings about the regulation of DNA replication, DNA topology and partitioning, gene control signals and restriction/modification enzymes. Plasmids have had a central role in the development of DNA cloning (recombinant DNA) methods; additionally, they have provided a paradigm for both the co-transformation of non-selected DNA into eukaryotic cells and the creation of the artificial chromosomes.
Design and development of ReCOPTER: an open source ROS-based multi-rotor platform for research (2015)

Selection of multi-rotor aircraft systems for robotics research is a trade-off between competing objectives. While Commercial Off The Shelf systems are fast to set up and provide a ready-made platform, they often lack complete documentation and have limited extensibility for allowing researchers to modify them for scientific work. Conversely, developing an aircraft from the ground up is labour intensive and time consuming, and requires substantial experience to ensure a satisfactory result. This paper ranks common robotic multi-rotor aircraft used in research against several criteria for openness, extensibility and performance. We propose a standard platform using open components and an open-source design, specifically geared to the needs of the research community.
Guiding and Verifying Early Design Using Qualitative Simulation (2012)

Design of a system starts with functional requirements and expected contexts of use. Early design sketches create a topology of components that a designer expects can satisfy the requirements. The methodology described here enables a designer to test an early design qualitatively against qualitative versions of the requirements and environment. Components can be specified with qualitative relations of the output to inputs, and one can create similar qualitative models of requirements, contexts of use and the environment. No numeric parameter values need to be specified to test a design. Our qualitative approach (QRM) simulates the behavior of the design, producing an envisionment (graph of qualitative states) that represents all qualitatively distinct behaviors of the system in the context of use. In this paper, we show how the envisionment can be used to verify the reachability of required states, to identify implicit requirements that should be made explicit, and to provide guidance for detailed design. Furthermore, we illustrate the utility of qualitative simulation in the context of a topological design space exploration tool.
Transformer Dissection: A Unified Understanding of Transformer's\n Attention via the Lens of Kernel (2019)

Transformer is a powerful architecture that achieves superior performance on\nvarious sequence learning tasks, including neural machine translation, language\nunderstanding, and sequence prediction. At the core of the Transformer is the\nattention mechanism, which concurrently processes all inputs in the streams. In\nthis paper, we present a new formulation of attention via the lens of the\nkernel. To be more precise, we realize that the attention can be seen as\napplying kernel smoother over the inputs with the kernel scores being the\nsimilarities between inputs. This new formulation gives us a better way to\nunderstand individual components of the Transformer's attention, such as the\nbetter way to integrate the positional embedding. Another important advantage\nof our kernel-based formulation is that it paves the way to a larger space of\ncomposing Transformer's attention. As an example, we propose a new variant of\nTransformer's attention which models the input as a product of symmetric\nkernels. This approach achieves competitive performance to the current state of\nthe art model with less computation. In our experiments, we empirically study\ndifferent kernel construction strategies on two widely used tasks: neural\nmachine translation and sequence prediction.\n