gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Embree (2014)

We describe Embree, an open source ray tracing framework for x86 CPUs. Embree is explicitly designed to achieve high performance in professional rendering environments in which complex geometry and incoherent ray distributions are common. Embree consists of a set of low-level kernels that maximize utilization of modern CPU architectures, and an API which enables these kernels to be used in existing renderers with minimal programmer effort. In this paper, we describe the design goals and software architecture of Embree, and show that for secondary rays in particular, the performance of Embree is competitive with (and often higher than) existing state-of-the-art methods on CPUs and GPUs.
TIPICO XI: report of the first series and podcast on infectious diseases and vaccines (aTIPICO) (2021)

TIPiCO is an annual expert meeting and workshop on infectious diseases and vaccination. The edition of 2020 changed its name and format to aTIPiCO, the first series and podcasts on infectious diseases and vaccines. A total of 13 prestigious experts from different countries participated in this edition launched on the 26 November 2020. The state of the art of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) and the responsible pathogen, the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and the options to tackle the pandemic situation were discussed in light of the knowledge in November 2020. Despite COVID-19, the status of other infectious diseases, including influenza infections, respiratory syncytial virus disease, human papillomavirus infection, measles, pertussis, tuberculosis, meningococcal disease, and pneumococcal disease, were also addressed. The essential lessons that can be learned from these diseases and their vaccines to use in the COVID-19 pandemic were also commented with the experts.
Probing surface acidity, basicity, and dipolarity/polarizability of 12-tungstophosphoric acid by means of solvatochromic dyes (2002)

Empirical surface polarity parameters α, β, and π* in terms of the Kamlet–Taft scale as well as Gutmann's acceptor number (AN) of 12-tungstophosphoric acid (H3PW), pre-treated at various temperatures, have been estimated using solvatochromic dyes as probes. α (hydrogen-bond donating acidity) or AN and π* (dipolarity/polarizability), respectively, have been investigated by means of Fe(phen)2(CN)2 [cis-dicyanobis(1,10-phenanthroline)iron(II)] (1) and Michler's ketone [4,4′-bis(dimethylamino)benzophenone] (2) as solvatochromic surface polarity indicators. Apparent β (hydrogen-bond accepting ability) parameters have been evaluated by means of an aminobenzodifuranone dye. Also, coumarin 153 has been checked to analyse the surface polarity of H3PW. The outstanding surface properties of H3PW when pre-treated at 250 °C are supported by UV/vis spectroscopic results of triphenylmethylium/H3PW adducts. The chemical interpretation of the polarity parameters and nature of interactions which they reflect are discussed.
New imaging-based biomarkers for melanoma diagnosis using coherent Raman Scattering microscopy (Conference Presentation) (2016)

Recently, pheomelanin has been found to play a critical role in melanoma progression given its pro-oxidant chemical properties as well as its marked presence in pre-cancerous and malignant melanoma lesions, even in the absence of ultraviolet radiation. In addition, epidemiological evidence indicates a strong correlation between melanoma incidence and skin type, with the highest incidence occurring in individuals of the red-haired/fair-skinned phenotype. Interestingly, nevus count correlates well with melanoma incidence and skin type, except in the population most prone to developing melanoma, where nevus count strikingly drops. As such, a current hypothesis proposes that fair-skinned red-haired individuals, who are unable to stimulate production of eumelanin due to a mutation in MC1R in melanocytes, may actually harbor numerous “invisible”, pheomelanin-rich nevi that evade clinical detection, supporting the high incidence of melanoma in that population. Here, we show for the very first time that melanocytes extracted from genetically modified MC1R-mutant, red-haired mice displayed bright perinuclear distributions of signal within the cells under coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy. Changes in pheomelanin production in siRNA knockdowns of cultured human melanoma cells were also sensed. We then successfully imaged pheomelanin distributions in both ex vivo and in vivo mouse ear skin. Finally, melanosomes within amelanotic melanoma patient tissue sections were found to show bright pheomelanin signals. This is the first time, to our knowledge, that pheomelanin has been found spatially localized in a human amelanotic melanoma sample. These pheomelanotic CARS features may be used as potential biomarkers for melanoma detection, especially for amelanotic melanomas.
Small Molecule Activation of NAPE-PLD Enhances Efferocytosis by Macrophages (2023)

<i>N</i>-Acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine hydrolyzing phospholipase D (NAPE-PLD) is a zinc metallohydrolase that hydrolyzes <i>N</i>-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamines (NAPEs) to form <i>N</i>-acyl-ethanolamines (NAEs) and phosphatidic acid. Several lines of evidence suggest that reduced NAPE-PLD activity could contribute to cardiometabolic diseases. For instance, <i>NAPEPLD</i> expression is reduced in human coronary arteries with unstable atherosclerotic lesions, defective efferocytosis is implicated in the enlargement of necrotic cores of these lesions, and NAPE-PLD products such as palmitoylethanolamide and oleoylethanolamide have been shown to enhance efferocytosis. Thus, enzyme activation mediated by a small molecule may serve as a therapeutic treatment for cardiometabolic diseases. As a proof-of-concept study, we sought to identify small molecule activators of NAPE-PLD. High-throughput screening followed by hit validation and primary lead optimization studies identified a series of benzothiazole phenylsulfonyl-piperidine carboxamides that variably increased activity of both mouse and human NAPE-PLD. From this set of small molecules, two NAPE-PLD activators (<b>VU534</b> and <b>VU533</b>) were shown to increase efferocytosis by bone-marrow derived macrophages isolated from wild-type mice, while efferocytosis was significantly reduced in <i>Napepld</i><sup>-/-</sup> BMDM or after Nape-pld inhibition. Together, these studies demonstrate an essential role for NAPE-PLD in the regulation of efferocytosis and the potential value of NAPE-PLD activators as a strategy to treat cardiometabolic diseases.
Cyclobutenes by Platinum‐Catalyzed Cycloisomerization Reactions of Enynes. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Cancer Hyperthermia Studies: On the Aqueous Structure and Radiofrequency-Induced Heating Properties of a Water-Soluble [60]Fullerene (2016)

The symmetrical, malonodiserinolamide hexa-substituted [60]fullerene, C 60 -ser, is a key water-soluble C 60 derivative of interest for the treatment of cancer by radiofrequency(RF)-induced hyperthermia due to its biocompatibility, neutral charge, lipophilicity, and ability to cross restrictive biological membranes. In aqueous solution C 60 -ser, which is surrounded by 24 hydroxyl groups, maintains relatively stable layers of closely-bound water molecules (hydration sphere), forms highly dynamic aggregates, sized between 100-400 nm in diameter, which exist in equilibrium with individual, hydrated C 60 -ser molecules. Our recent observations indicate that these dynamic C 60 -ser aggregates are built up of a single layer of C 60 -ser molecules, with water locked inside a hollow core structure. Using a thermal imaging camera, aqueous C 60 -ser solutions have been shown to produce heat when irradiated with an 13.56 MHz RF field (900W) in a concentration-dependent manner with a heating rate of up to 1.0 °C/sec at 10 mg/ml. This result establishes that C 60 -ser is a neutrally-charged, key [60]fullerene-based nanoparticle, that might be used for the treatment of cancer by RFH-induced hyperthermia. We acknowledge Kanzius Foundation and Welch Foundation Grant C-0627 for financial support. Figure 1
A Low-Complexity Frequency Offset Estimation Scheme Based on Partial Periodogram for OFDM-Based CR Systems (2011)

본 논문은 직교 주파수 분할 다중화 (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing: OFDM) 기반 인지 무선 (cognitive radio: CR) 시스템을 위한 저복잡도 주파수 옵셋 추정 기법을 제안한다. 제안한 기법은 어떤 종류의 훈련심볼에도 적용할 수 있으며, 부분 주기도표를 이용함으로써 [9]의 기법에 비해 낮은 연산 복잡도를 갖는다. 모의실험을 통해 제안한 기법이 [9]의 기법과 거의 비슷한 추정 성능을 가짐을 보인다. This paper proposes a frequency offset estimation scheme with low-complexity for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-based cognitive radio (CR) systems. The proposed scheme is applicable to any type of training symbol and has a lower complexity than the scheme in [9] by using the partial periodogram. Simulation results show that the estimation performance of the proposed scheme is almost the same as that of the scheme in [9].
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Biaryl 2‐Benzimidazoles and 2‐Benzothiazoles. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Design and Performance of a Planar Array Infrared Spectrograph That Operates in the 3400 to 2000 cm−1 Region (2002)

A prototype, no-moving-parts, plane array infrared spectrograph (PA-IR) capable of routine spectral acquisition in the 3400 to 2000 cm −1 region has been constructed. The instrument includes a continuous source, Czerney–Turner type monochromator system and an infrared camera that incorporates a 320 × 256 pixel InSb focal plane array detector cooled with liquid nitrogen. PA-IR spectra (∼3400 to 2550 cm −1 ) of polystyrene (PS) and poly(ethylene naphthalate) (PEN) films have been obtained at a resolution of ∼8 cm −1 with excellent signal-to-noise ratios (SNR). Peak-to-peak noise levels of ∼1 × 10 −3 absorbance units are observed for single acquisition spectra with 1.5 ms integration times and 17 ms total acquisition times. Integration times as low as 10 μs are possible (with good SNR); however, data acquisition is limited by the frame rate (60 frames/s) of the software acquisition package currently used. In this work, an apertured image of the source is displayed over ∼20 rows of the array and the expected square root improvement in SNR is observed when multiple rows and/or frames are averaged. We have also shown that a square root improvement in SNR continues to occur with further signal averaging, providing noise levels as low as 1.5 × 10 −5 absorbance units. Several additional advantages and options associated with the PA-IR method are discussed, including time-resolved spectroscopy, real-time monitoring, and spectroscopic mapping.
Fine-tuned high-Q photonic crystal nanocavity based on a gentle confinement of light (2004)

We demonstrate an improved design to obtain high-Q nanocavity in a two-dimensional photonic crystal. Extremely high-Q factor of 75,000 is experimentally achieved by fine-tuning air-hole positions at cavity edges, which allows gentler confinement of light.
All solid state electrochromic device for helmet-mounted displays (2008)

Helmet-Mounted Displays (HMDs) do not allow the pilot to change transmission level of a visor transitioning from high to low light levels. A variable-transmittance visor (VTV) is a possible solution. The Eclipse Variable Electrochromic Device (EclipseECD<sup>TM</sup>) is well suited for these light modulation applications. The EclipseEC<sup>TM</sup> modulates light intensity by changing the transmission level under an applied electric field. The optical density may be continuously changed by varying voltage. EclipseECD<sup>TM</sup> is comprised of vacuum deposited layers of a transparent bottom electrode, an active element, and a transparent top electrode, incorporating an all, solid-state electrolyte. The solid-state electrolyte eliminates possible complications associated with gel-based technologies, the need for lamination, and any additional visor modifications. The low-temperature deposition process enables direct application onto HMD flight visors. Additionally, the coating is easily manufactured; can be trimmed, has near spectral neutrality and fails in the clear (bleached) condition. Before introducing VTV technology to the warfighter, there are numerous human factors issues that must be assessed. Considerations include optical characteristics such as transmissive range, haze, irising, internal reflections, multiple imaging, user controllability, ease of fit, and field of view. Advanced materials tailoring coupled with meeting critical criteria will help ensure successful integration of VTV technology.
Phase transformation mechanism in lithium manganese nickel oxide revealed by single-crystal hard X-ray microscopy (2017)

Understanding the reaction pathway and kinetics of solid-state phase transformation is critical in designing advanced electrode materials with better performance and stability. Despite the first-order phase transition with a large lattice mismatch between the involved phases, spinel LiMn<sub>1.5</sub>Ni<sub>0.5</sub>O<sub>4</sub> is capable of fast rate even at large particle size, presenting an enigma yet to be understood. The present study uses advanced two-dimensional and three-dimensional nano-tomography on a series of well-formed Li<sub>x</sub>Mn<sub>1.5</sub>Ni<sub>0.5</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (0≤x≤1) crystals to visualize the mesoscale phase distribution, as a function of Li content at the sub-particle level. Inhomogeneity along with the coexistence of Li-rich and Li-poor phases are broadly observed on partially delithiated crystals, providing direct evidence for a concurrent nucleation and growth process instead of a shrinking-core or a particle-by-particle process. Superior kinetics of (100) facets at the vertices of truncated octahedral particles promote preferential delithiation, whereas the observation of strain-induced cracking suggests mechanical degradation in the material.
Role of the polymeric hole injection layer on the efficiency and stability of organic light emitting diodes with small molecular emitters (2008)

In this paper, an improvement in the properties of the small molecular organic light emitting diode (OLED) upon application of a polymeric hole injection layer (HIL) was reported. The luminous efficiency, operating voltage and lifetime of devices with dye-doped small molecule emitters (fluorescent and phosphorescent) were found to be sensitive to the HIL/hole transport layer (HTL) combination used, where the improved injection and brightness was shown at the hole cascading structure and the longer lifetime behaviour was obtained at the hole-trapping structure. Use of a polymeric HIL significantly increased the luminous current efficiency and lifetime for both fluorescent blue and phosphorescent green/red light emitters. The polymeric HIL was effective in terms of the driving characteristics of phosphorescent OLED, since it provides higher brightness behaviour at lower current density. The apparent shade of the pixel image at light emission, which will probably induce degradation at the pixel wall interface, will be suppressed by the use of polymeric HIL. In spite of the ambiguity in the formation of such shaded pixels and their influence at the decay of OLED, intrinsic stability of polymeric HIL/anode would be advantageous for stable storage and operation of devices.
Thin film metallization of three-dimensional substrates (2002)

Metallization of three-dimensional (3D) molded polymer substrates by sputtering technology is an exciting alternative to traditional electroless plating processes. The technology offers the ability to rapidly coat the 3D circuit base without the use of precious metal catalysts or plating baths that may be environmentally harmful. Consequently, sputter coating of 3D circuits offers the advantages of high through-put and flexible manufacturing while minimizing disposable wastes. This paper focuses on the critical issues affecting the performance of sputtered thin film on 3D polymer substrates.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Programmatic Summary: Self-Regulating, Self-Pressurizing Tubules for Integrated Circulatory Systems (2009)

Abstract : In this Director's Research Initiative (DRI) effort, we have developed surface treatments with cleavable Diels-Alder bonds that allow for a transition between wetting and non-wetting conditions via a combination of thermal and chemical treatments. These treatments are applied internally to glass capillaries to demonstrate the applicability of the technique for regulating flow in synthetic vascular systems. This report is a programmatic summary and will be supplemented by a complete technical report as a future publication.
Expression of topoisomerase (topo) II in adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML): Relationships to immunophenotype and treatment outcomes. (2011)

6564 Background: Anthracyclines used in the treatment of AML target topo II. Topo II α and β are genetically distinct with different expression (expr) patterns and cellular distribution. While topo IIα has been associated with increased proliferation and an adverse prognosis in AML, there is no information regarding topo IIβ. This study examined the relationships of topo IIα and β expr to immunophenotype (IP), multidrug resistant (MDR) phenotype and outcomes in adult AML. Methods: 230 pts with non-M3 AML by FAB criteria who received frontline ara‐C/daunomycin (AD) therapy during the years 1992-98 on studies SWOG-9031, ‐9126, ‐9333 or ‐9500 were included (median age 63 years [18-88], WBC 29x109/L [0.8-274]). RT-PCR of RNA from marrow blasts was run with topo IIα and β specific primers (ABI PRISM 7900HT). Topo IIα and β expr in pts, normalized to internal standard β2‐microglobulin, was measured by log (fold-change) relative to the Kasumi AML cell line. Treatment outcomes - complete response (CR), resistant disease (RD), and relapse-free and overall survival (RFS, OS) - were analyzed by logistic or Cox regression. Results: Topo IIα and β data were available for 211 pts. Topo IIα expr in pts ranged from 298-fold less to 91-fold more than in the Kasumi AML cell line, but was not significantly correlated with any pt characteristic, IP or treatment outcome in uni- or multivariate analysis. In contrast, topo IIβ ranged from only 9‐fold less to 10-fold more than the cell line, but was associated with higher blast percentage in marrow (P=0.0001) or blood (P=0.0055); higher CD7 (P=0.0071); and lower CD14 (P<0.0001) and CD54 (P<0.0001) in multivariate regression analysis. In 105 pts with MDR data, topo IIβ was also inversely correlated with Rhodamine efflux (P<0.0001) and CD11c (P=0.0010). However after adjusting for prognostic factors, topo IIβ was not significantly related to any outcome, nor did topo IIβ interact significantly with any prognostic factors. Conclusions: Topo IIβ expr reflects aspects of disease biology, such as highly proliferative disease (higher blasts), IP and MDR, and thus may not be an independent variable influencing outcome in adult AML pts treated with anthracycline-based therapy.
Treatment with Histone Deacetylase 6-Specific Inhibitor WT-161 Disrupts hsp90 Function, Abrogates Aggresome Formation and Sensitizes Human Mantle Cell Lymphoma Cells to Lethal ER Stress Induced by Proteasome Inhibitor Carfilzomib (2010)

Abstract Abstract 2856 The proteasome inhibitor bortezpmib has been shown to markedly increase the intracellular levels of misfolded proteins, induce aggresome formation and cause endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, resulting in apoptosis of human Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL) cells. Consistent with this, Bortezomib displays clinical efficacy in patients with relapsed and refractory MCL. We have recently reported that the pan-histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor panobinostat, by also inhibiting HDAC6, abrogates aggresome formation and induces Endoplasmic Stress (ER) stress, as well as potentiates bortezomib-induced apoptosis of MCL cells. Here, we determined the anti-MCL cell activity of an HDAC6-specific inhibitor, WT-161 alone and in combination with the novel, orally bio-available, proteasome inhibitor carfilzomib (Proteolix Inc.) against human, cultured and primary, patient-derived MCL cells. Treatment with WT-161 (0.1 to 1.0 uM) resulted in a dose-dependent increase in the acetylation of alpha-tubulin and heat shock protein (hsp) 90, without any appreciable increase in the levels of acetylated histone (H) 3. Consistent with WT-161 mediated hyperacetylation and inhibition of hsp90 chaperone function, treatment with WT-161 increased the intracellular levels of polyubiuitylated proteins in the cultured MCL JeKo-1 and Z138 cells. WT-161 was also noted to dose-dependently deplete the levels of cyclin D1 in the cultured MCL cells. Treatment with WT-161 also induced ER stress response in the MCL cells, demonstrated by increase in the protein levels of Glucose regulated protein (GRP) 78, phosphorylated eIF2 (eukaryotic initation factor 2) α, and induction of the pro-apoptotic transcription factor CHOP (CAAT/Enhancer Binding Protein Homologous Protein). We next determined the effects of co-treatment with WT-161 on carfilzomib-induced aggresome formation, ER stress response and apoptosis of the cultured and primary MCL cells. Co-treatment with WT-161 (0.25 uM) abrogated carfilzomib-induced aggresome formation in MCL cells, as evidenced by confocal immunofluorescent staining of aggresomes with anti-HDAC6 and anti-ubiquitin antibodies. Compared to each agent alone, co-treatment with WT-161 and carfilzomib induced more intracellular polyubiquitylated proteins and induced higher levels of CHOP in the cultured MCL cells. Co-treatment with WT-161 and carfilzomib also synergistically induced apoptosis of the cultured MCL cells (combination indices &lt; 1.0). Notably, co-treatment with WT-161 and carfilzomib also synergistically induced apoptosis of primary MCL cells (combination indices &lt; 1.0). These findings strongly support the in vivo testing of the combination of an HDAC6-specific inhibitor such as WT-161 with the proteasome inhibitor carfilzomib against human MCL cells. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
General stability criterions for zero phase angle controlled loosely coupled inductive power transfer systems (2002)

Loosely coupled inductive power transfer (LCIPT) systems are designed to deliver power efficiently from a stationary primary source to one or more movable secondary loads over relatively large air-gaps, however this becomes more difficult as the complexity of the system grows. A general analysis of such LCIPT systems is essential for optimal system design. This analysis is undertaken for LCIPT systems that attempt to operate with zero phase angles between the primary input voltage and current in order to achieve minimum cost and maximum performance. The paper develops general boundary conditions that if followed ensures only one operating condition exists for any practical load thereby assuring stable operation and power transfer capability. This is verified by measuring a contact-less electric vehicle battery charging system.