gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High performance tungsten-copper composites for electrical contacts (1998)

High-quality silicon surfaces have been obtained by single-point diamond turning. After the analysis of the turning mechanism, the relationship between the surface integrity and the turning parameters was studied in detail. Results from the mechanism were compared with turning tests on silicon using a commercially available single-crystal diamond tool with a rake angle of 0°. A novel technique was developed for the first time to confirm the edge radius of the diamond tool.
Package reliability: How can we use ideas/methods from semiconductor reliability in package reliability? (2017)

Are the fields of fracture mechanics, rheology, etc. good enough to address issues In package reliability? No: JEDEC specs all based on DIP wirebond packages. Are we using results from these fields enough or most effectively? Not addressed. Biggest difference with wafer reliability is stressors on chip are local (E-field, temperature), which stressors in a package are mechanical stress, which is resultant of the entire package materials' CTE.
Effects of Proteolytic Activity of Multi-Species Probiotics on Dietary Protein Absorption and Muscle Physiology (2023)

Yusook Chung, Tae-Joong Lim, Young Kwang Park, Jong Won Kim, Jung Hoan Cho, Chang Kwon, Hyun Yong Lee, Myung Jun Chung, and Sanghyun Lim. Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 2023;52:616-27. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2023.52.6.616
Why Machine Learning Cannot Ignore Maximum Likelihood Estimation (2023)

The growth of machine learning as a field has been accelerating with increasing interest and publications across fields, including statistics, but predominantly in computer science. In this chapter, the authors argue that, in order to preserve statistical inference, they should preference sieve maximum likelihood estimators (MLEs) as much as possible. It has been established that the nonparametric bootstrap consistently estimates the multivariate normal limit distribution of the plug-in HAL-MLE for a vector of target features. In recent work, higher-order TMLEs were proposed that target extra score equations beyond the first-order canonical gradient of the target feature, which are selected so that the exact second-order remainder for the plug-in TMLE will become a higher-order difference. Sieve MLEs solve score equations and, thereby, are able to approximately solve a class of score equations – possibly enough to approximate efficient influence curves of the target features of interest, and thus be asymptotically efficient for these target features.
Replicated Diffractive Optical Elements in consumer products (2004)

Replication technology enables Diffractive Optical Elements (DOEs) to be mass produced at low cost and is a major factor in their use in consumer products. They can also provide superior performance, size and weight compared with classical optical elements. New design approaches and fabrication technologies have led to a rapid increase in the acceptance of these optical elements in commercial products. The paper will discuss the advantages of replicated DOEs and give examples of applications in products currently on the market.
ChemInform Abstract: Study of Chlorine Atom Abstraction Reactions of Phenylchlorocarbene by Laser Flash Photolysis. (1988)

Abstract Photolysis of 3‐phenyl‐3‐chlorodiazirine in CCl 4 gives, via phenylchlorocarbene (see foregoing ref.), a mixture of products consistent with the occurrence of some chlorine atom abstraction/radical recombination in addition to products formed by carbene dimerization and reaction with its precursor (kinetics, mechanism).
Glycosylation of Asn-632 and Asn-651 Is Important for Functional Expression of Endothelin-Converting Enzyme-1 (1998)

It has been shown previously that N-glycosylation of Asn-144 and/or Asn-627 is important for functional expression of neutral endopeptidase-24.11 (NEP). All glycosylation sites of NEP are conserved within endothelin-converting enzyme-1 (ECE-1). In the present study we investigated the importance of proper glycosylation for the biologic function of ECE-1. We show that the double mutation of Asn-632 and Asn-651 leads to expression of an enzymatically inactive ECE-1 protein. In contrast, the single mutation of either Asn-632 or Asn-651 did not alter the enzymatic activity of ECE-1b.
Distributed Stochastic Gradient Descent: Nonconvexity, Nonsmoothness,\n and Convergence to Local Minima (2020)

In centralized settings, it is well known that stochastic gradient descent\n(SGD) avoids saddle points and converges to local minima in nonconvex problems.\nHowever, similar guarantees are lacking for distributed first-order algorithms.\nThe paper studies distributed stochastic gradient descent (D-SGD)--a simple\nnetwork-based implementation of SGD. Conditions under which D-SGD avoids saddle\npoints and converges to local minima are studied. First, we consider the\nproblem of computing critical points. Assuming loss functions are nonconvex and\npossibly nonsmooth, it is shown that, for each fixed initialization, D-SGD\nconverges to critical points of the loss with probability one. Next, we\nconsider the problem of avoiding saddle points. In this case, we again assume\nthat loss functions may be nonconvex and nonsmooth, but are smooth in a\nneighborhood of a saddle point. It is shown that, for any fixed initialization,\nD-SGD avoids such saddle points with probability one. Results are proved by\nstudying the underlying (distributed) gradient flow, using the ordinary\ndifferential equation (ODE) method of stochastic approximation, and extending\nclassical techniques from dynamical systems theory such as stable manifolds.\nResults are proved in the general context of subspace-constrained optimization,\nof which D-SGD is a special case.\n
Effect of mixture of a small amount of CO/sub 2/ in SF/sub 6//N/sub 2/ mixed gas on the insulation performance under nonuniform field (2002)

Characteristics of partial discharge (PD) inception and breakdown voltages of SF/sub 6//N/sub 2//CO/sub 2/ ternary gas mixture were investigated with AC high voltage under nonuniform electric field by changing the mixture ratio of each gas and the gas pressure from 0.1 to 0.6 MPa. When the mixture rate of SF/sub 6/ in SF/sub 6//N/sub 2/ mixture was selected as 50%, with 1%CO/sub 2/ addition, the breakdown voltage drastically increased and its maximum value within 0.6 MPa became 1.31 and 1.15 times higher than that of 50%SF/sub 6//50%N/sub 2/ mixture and pure SF/sup 6/ gas, respectively. This result was discussed on the basis of the corona stabilization effect by observing PD light images and current waveforms as well as by applying standard lightning impulse voltage.
Modeling and Documenting Aspect-Oriented Mobile Product Lines (2013)

Aspect-Oriented Software Development (AOSD) has evolved as a software development paradigm over the last decade. Recent research work has explored the use of Aspect-Oriented Programming (AOP) to modularize variations in product lines. This chapter presents a strategy for modeling and documenting aspect-oriented variations by integrating two existing approaches: (1) use cases are used to express the crosscutting nature of the variations of a mobile product line; and (2) crosscutting interfaces help the definition of the relevant variation join points that are raised by the mobile product line core and are extended by its respective variations. The synergy and benefits of the integration between these approaches are demonstrated by modeling and documenting MobileMedia, a software product line that provides support to manage different media (photo, music, and video) on mobile devices. Evolution scenarios of the MobileMedia are used to illustrate the benefits of the integrated usage of use cases and crosscutting interfaces in order to identify and analyze the change impact on the mobile product line.
Lower Bounds on Near Neighbor Search via Metric Expansion (2010)

In this paper we show how the complexity of performing nearest neighbor (NNS) search on a metric space is related to the expansion of the metric space. Given a metric space we look at the graph obtained by connecting every pair of points within a certain distance r. We then look at various notions of expansion in this graph relating them to the cell probe complexity of NNS for randomized and deterministic, exact and approximate algorithms. For example if the graph has node expansion Φ then we show that any deterministic i-probe data structure for n points must use space S where (St/n) <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sup> > Φ. We show similar results for randomized algorithms as well. These relationships can be used to derive most of the known lower bounds in the well known metric spaces such as l <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> , l <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> , l <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">∞</sub> , and some new ones, by simply computing their expansion. In the process, we strengthen and generalize our previous results. Additionally, we unify the approach in and the communication complexity based approach. Our work reduces the problem of proving cell probe lower bounds of near neighbor search to computing the appropriate expansion parameter. In our results, as in all previous results, the dependence on t is weak; that is, the bound drops exponentially in t. We show a much stronger (tight) time-space tradeoff for the class of dynamic low contention data structures. These are data structures that supports updates in the data set and that do not look up any single cell too often. A full version of the paper could be found in.
In vivo tracking of human neural progenitor cells in the rat brain using bioluminescence imaging (2014)

These new findings may be useful in future preclinical applications developing cell-based treatments for neurodegenerative disorders.
Interaction between lateral and eccentricity-dependent preferences in saccadic responses (1985)

Eye movement responses to dual targets provide insight into mechanisms of visual information acquisition. It was previously shown 1 that symmetric point targets stimulating both hemispheres require extra processing time compared to either a single or a dual unidirectional stimulus. These so-called bifurcating point stimuli reveal the existence of preferred lateral direction. We substantiate and refine these results incorporating the effects of eccentricity. In the case of a unidirectional dual target an absolute preference exists for the target closer to the fovea. Responses to asymmetric bihemifield stimuli show that the lateral direction preference is contingent on target eccentricities. Being close to the fovea enchances, whereas being away from the fovea inhibits, the preference level of the point target. If one of the points is delayed, the overall lateral, spatial, and temporal preferences determine the response direction. At large interpoint delays for which the second point is still the preferred one, the response time measured with respect to the onset of this target is much shorter than the average latency. We propose a stochastic model accounting for the temporal aspect of our observations. Each point stimulus is processed in a separate channel in two stages, the first providing a general intermediate output utilizable in the processing of any additional input. Interaction between opposite hemispheric channels results in longer response duration due to the second stage processing time. The model reproduces the timing of events in responses to dual targets.
Abstract IA9: Vitamin D: Shining light on pancreatic cancer (2015)

Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) occurs in the context of an exuberant desmoplastic response that produces a ‘living chimera’ of tumor and activated stromal components. A prominent feature of the stromal response is the transformation of the Vitamin A storing pancreatic stellate cell (PSC) to activated myofibroblasts. We hypothesized that restoration of the quiescent PSC phenotype could disrupt tumor-stroma crosstalk and thus improve response to chemotherapy. Recently, we have shown that the vitamin D receptor (VDR) is expressed at high levels in activated human pancreatic tumor stroma and, in response to ligand, acts as a master transcriptional regulator of PSCs to reprise the quiescent state. In vivo, a synthetic VDR agonist (Cal) induced signal-dependent transcriptional remodeling of tumor stroma, enhancing the anti-tumor effects of gemcitabine by increasing intratumoral concentration to reduce tumor growth. Secreted factors are key drivers of the communication between tumor and stroma. To explore the impact of PSC secreted factors on gene expression in pancreatic cancer, PDAC cell lines were grown in the presence of stromal conditioned media (StCM). Addition of StCM was sufficient to induce expression of thousands of PDAC genes linked to epigenetic reprograming including genome wide histone hyperacetylation. The gene expression profile induced by stromal factors overlap with those previously identified following oncogenic Kras, suggesting functional complementarity between cell-autonomous and micro-environmental cues. As epigenome modification results in changes in gene expression through histone modifications, we tested a small molecule inhibitors epigenetic regulators for the capacity to inhibit gene expression changes downstream of stromal factors. Paracrine induction of pro-growth and inflammatory genes was inhibited by this small molecule, suggesting that acetyl-lysine readers serve as key transducers of stromal inputs to drive alterations in gene expression in pancreatic cancer cells. This work describes a molecular strategy through which transcriptional reprogramming of tumors and tumor stroma by Vitamin D or epigenetic regulators may serve as a therapeutic portal in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. Citation Format: Mara H. Sherman, Ning Ding, Eric A. Collisson, Michael Downes, Ronald M. Evans. Vitamin D: Shining light on pancreatic cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer: Innovations in Research and Treatment; May 18-21, 2014; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(13 Suppl):Abstract nr IA9.
dGTP-dependent processivity and possible template switching of Euplotes telomerase (1997)

We have measured the processivity of telomeric DNA extension by Euplotes aediculatus telomerase at various concentrations of the nucleotide substrates dGTP and dTTP. The maximum processivity (approximately 3 repeats) was observed at approximately 100 microM of each dNTP. Processivity decreased as the dNTP concentrations were reduced and, surprisingly, as the concentration of dGTP was increased. Also, the characteristic banding pattern generated by telomerase extension of DNA primers shifted in response to changes in dGTP concentration. One pattern with 8 nt periodicity was predominant at dGTP concentrations </=16 microM, while at >/= 250 microM an 8 nt repeat pattern out-of-phase with the first was observed; at intermediate concentrations the two patterns coexisted. We propose that two different segments of the RNA subunit can serve as the template for repeat synthesis; nt 42-49 at low dGTP concentrations and nt 36-43 at high dGTP concentrations. An alternative model for the low dGTP pattern involves an internal pause site but no pause at the end of the template and is, therefore, considered less likely. Because the effects of dGTP on processivity and banding pattern appear to be distinct from nucleotide binding in the polymerase active site, we propose a second dGTP binding site involved in template selection and processivity.
Static and dynamic performance characterization and comparison of 15 kV SiC MOSFET and 15 kV SiC n-IGBTs (2015)

This paper presents the static and dynamic performance of 15 kV SiC IGBTs with 2 um and 5 um field-stop buffer layer thicknesses respectively and compares them with 15 kV SiC MOSFET in term of loss and switching capability. Their switching energy for different gate resistors and temperature have been reported and compared. A 5 kHz 10.5 kW 8 kV boost converter has been built and tested using these three devices respectively. The MOSFET based boost converter has the highest efficiency 99.39% which is the highest reported efficiency for a high voltage SiC device based converter. PLECS loss models can be developed for these devices based on the characterization data to simplify the simulation of a variety circuits or applications which potentially utilize these devices.
Failure of Meiotic Competence in Human Oocytes1 (1994)

The administration of hCG to women undergoing in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF/ET) results in the meiotic maturation of cumulus-oocyte complexes (COC). Sometimes oocytes being aspirated for IVF/ET fail to resume meiosis in vivo and even after a subsequent 20-h incubation in vitro and are thus defined as meiotic competence failure (MCF) oocytes. The relationship between the proportion of MCF oocytes and other IVF/ET outcomes was studied over 3 years in 703 tested cycles of 487 women. Women yielding one or more MCF oocytes in at least one menstrual cycle represented 8.6% of this population and were defined as MCF women. Cumulus state in the MCF oocyte population was characterized as mature in 57.4 +/- 6.7%, intermediate in 13.9 +/- 4.0%, immature in 24.1 +/- 8.7%, and atretic in 4.6 +/- 2.7%. These values differed significantly, by 0.6-, 2.9-, 7.1-, and 4.6-fold, respectively, as compared to the corresponding COC aspirated from women yielding only meiotically competent (MC) oocytes. In a menstrual cycle yielding both MC and MCF oocytes, the IVF/ET variables were evaluated in the MC oocytes. Thus, in such cases the incidence of fertilization or cleavage and the number of blastomeres per embryo were significantly reduced concomitant with the increase in percentage of MCF oocytes. When the percentage of MCF oocytes was 25% or more, no pregnancy was achieved. Various follicular parameters and serum 17 beta-estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) levels were compared in MC and MCF women over the four days preceding day of aspiration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Living polymerization with well‐defined alkylidene catalysts (1995)

Abstract Alkylidene complexes of the type Mo(CH‐t‐Bu)(NAr)(OR) 2 (Ar = 2, 6‐diisopropylphenyl; OR = O‐t‐Bu, OCMe 2 (CF 3 ), OCMe(CF 3 ) 2 , etc.) can be prepared from a “universal precursor”, Mo(CH‐t‐Bu)(NAr)(triflate) 2 (1, 2‐dimethoxyethane), 1 which can be prepared in three high‐yield steps from ammonium dimolybdate. 2 These complexes serve as initiators for the ring opening metathesis of norbornenes and substituted norbornadienes, 3 or for the polymerization of acetylenes to give polyenes, 4 all in a living manner. The organic polymer can be cleaved upon treatment with an aldehyde. Norbornenes that contain a variety of organic or inorganic functionalities can be polymerized to give essentially monodisperse homopolymers and block copolymers. Recently chiral catalysts have been prepared that will polymerize norbornenes and norbornadienes stereoselectively to give all cis isotactic polymers. 5 Molybdenum catalysts also have been found that will cyclopolymerize dipropargyl derivatives or substituted phenylacetylenes in a living manner. 6 The stereospecific synthesis of all cis, or all trans, tactic polynorbornadienes and polynorbornenes will be discussed in detail, including a proof of tacticity. 7
Hydroxytyrosol (HT) Analogs Act as Potent Antifungals by Direct Disruption of the Fungal Cell Membrane (2018)

Fungal infections constitute an emerging threat and a prevalent health problem due to increasing number of immunocompromised people and pharmacological or other treatments aiming at viral infections, cancer or allergies. Currently used antifungals suffer from inefficiency, toxic side effects and developing drug-resistance. Additionally, over the last two decades no new classes of antifungals have been approved, emphasizing the urgent need for developing a novel generation of antifungals. Here, we investigate the antifungal activity of a series of chemically synthesized Hydroxytyrosol (HT) analogs. HT is one of the major phenolic compounds in olive oil, shown to possess radical-scavenging antioxidant, antiproliferative, proapoptotic and anti-inflammatory activities. No previous report has studied HT analogs as antifungals. We show that specific analogs have broad and strong antifungal activity, significantly stronger than the parent compound HT. Using <i>Aspergillus nidulans</i> as an <i>in vivo</i> cellular model system, we show that antifungal HT analogs have an unprecedented efficiency in fungal plasma membrane destruction. Importantly, antifungal HT analogs did not show toxicity in a mammalian cell line, whereas no resistance to HT analogs was obtained by standard mutagenesis. Our results open the way for the development of a novel, efficient and safer class of antifungals.
Characteristics of PAALD-TaN thin films derived from TAIMATA precursor for copper metallization (2004)

PAALD (plasma assisted atomic layer deposition)-TaN thin films derived from a precursor, tert-amylimidotrisdim-ethylamidotantalum (TAIMATA), for the diffusion barrier in Cu interconnects were developed and compared to the thermal ALD-TaN. The deposition rate of the PAALD-TaN process was around /spl sim/0.9 /spl Aring//cycle at 250 /spl deg/C. The resistivity of TaN film by the PAALD was /spl sim/ 366 /spl mu/ohm-cm, while the resistivity by the thermal ALD was not measurable. The PAALD-TaN and thermal ALD-TaN film appeared to have cubic and amorphous phase, respectively. In Cu metallization, as TaN thickness increased, via resistance with thermal ALD-TaN increased dramatically, but via resistance with PAALD-TaN was almost constant and much lower than that with thermal ALD-TaN. Using PAALD-TaN, the diffusion barrier characteristics was also improved in comparison to thermal ALD-TaN.
創発 : 蟻・脳・都市・ソフトウェアの自己組織化ネットワーク (2004)

第１章 女王アリという伝説 第２章 街路レベル 第３章 パターンマッチング 第４章 フィードバックを聴く 第５章 コントロールのアーティスト 第６章 心を読むもの 第７章 何が起きるか見てみよう
Identification of Force-Displacement and Force-Current Factors in an Active Magnetic Bearing System (2018)

Conventional magnetic bearings are usually operated in differential driving mode. This configuration makes it possible to generate both positive and negative forces. The linearization of this force results in force-current and force-displacement factors, which make the control design easier as it can exploit all the tools of linear control theory. However, the control performance can deteriorate when these factors do not closely match the real plant. This paper presents a procedure to identify the force-displacement and force-current factors in an active magnetic bearing (AMB) system using grey-box modeling. These force factors are obtained for different operating points defined by a range of bias currents. Since the AMB has an unstable open loop nature, a position Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller is implemented to stabilize the plant. Experimental data are collected exciting the system with a persistent disturbance current. The models tuned with the identified parameters were able to describe the plant dynamics with improved accuracy. The set of identified parameters can be exploited in model-based control approaches by varying energy-efficiently the bias current.