gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modelling uncertainty in stochastic vector mapping with minimum classification error training for robust speech recognition (2003)

We have witness several works of considering the uncertainty of feature compensation module for robust speech recognition. In most of these studies, the modelling and the exploiting of the uncertainty are seldom treated in a unified way. In this paper, we present a new framework, which casts the problem of considering the uncertainty of feature compensation module as the one of designing a new discriminant function, thus the uncertainty parameters of the feature compensation module and other parameters of the discriminant function can be estimated jointly under a consistent criterion of minimum classification error (MCE). It is hoped that such MCE-trained discriminant function can improve the performance of a maximum discriminant function based speech recognition system. The preliminary experimental results on Aurora2 multi-condition tasks have confirmed the above conjecture.
Pneumatically Assisted Electrospray Ionization (2016)

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy’s Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.
ChemInform Abstract: Pyridone Annulation by [4 + 2] Coupling of Dienolates with Nitriles and Nitrile Equivalents. A Solution to the Acetonitrile Problem. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A statistical modeling approach for air quality data based on physical dispersion processes and its application to ozone modeling (2016)

For many complex environmental processes such as air pollution, the underlying physical mechanism usually provides valuable insights into the statistical modeling. In this paper, we propose a statistical air quality model motivated by a commonly used physical dispersion model, called the scalar transport equation. The emission of a pollutant is modeled by covariates such as land use, traffic pattern and meteorological conditions, while the transport and decay of a pollutant are modeled through a convolution approach which takes into account the dynamic wind field. This approach naturally establishes a nonstationary random field with a space–time nonseparable and anisotropic covariance structure. Note that, due to the extremely complex interactions between the pollutant and environmental conditions, the space–time covariance structure of pollutant concentration data is often dynamic and can hardly be specified or envisioned directly. The relationship between the proposed spatial-temporal model and the physics model is also shown, and the approach is applied to model the hourly ozone concentration data in Singapore.
Identification and Validation of PCAT14 as Prognostic Biomarker in Prostate Cancer (2016)

Rapid advances in the discovery of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have identified lineage- and cancer-specific biomarkers that may be relevant in the clinical management of prostate cancer (PCa). Here we assembled and analyzed a large RNA-seq dataset, from 585 patient samples, including benign prostate tissue and both localized and metastatic PCa to discover and validate differentially expressed genes associated with disease aggressiveness. We performed Sample Set Enrichment Analysis (SSEA) and identified genes associated with low versus high Gleason score in the RNA-seq database. Comparing Gleason 6 versus 9+ PCa samples, we identified 99 differentially expressed genes with variable association to Gleason grade as well as robust expression in prostate cancer. The top-ranked novel lncRNA PCAT14, exhibits both cancer and lineage specificity. On multivariate analysis, low PCAT14 expression independently predicts for BPFS (P=.00126), PSS (P=.0385), and MFS (P=.000609), with trends for OS as well (P=.056). An RNA in-situ hybridization (ISH) assay for PCAT14 distinguished benign vs malignant cases, as well as high vs low Gleason disease. PCAT14 is transcriptionally regulated by AR, and endogenous PCAT14 overexpression suppresses cell invasion. Thus, Using RNA-sequencing data we identify PCAT14, a novel prostate cancer and lineage-specific lncRNA. PCAT14 is highly expressed in low grade disease and loss of PCAT14 predicts for disease aggressiveness and recurrence.
Oxidative Stress in the Central Nervous System: Monitoring the Metabolic Response using the Pentose Phosphate Pathway (1994)

We propose that monitoring the activity of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) may provide an opportunity to obtain unique information regarding the metabolic response to oxidative stress since glutathione peroxidase activity is coupled, via glutathione reductase, to the PPP enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. PPP activity was quantitated from data obtained from gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis of released lactate following metabolic degradation of (1,6-13C2,6,6-2H2)glucose. The feasibility of this approach for in vitro studies is shown using cultured rat 9L gliosarcoma cells, primary mixed cerebrocortical and primary astrocytic cultures and in vivo using intracerebral microdialysis. Exposure of 9L gliosarcoma cells to increasing concentrations of phenazine methosulfate, diamide and H2O2 correlated with increasing stimulation of the PPP, revealing the coupling of the PPP to the glutathione pathway. In all cultured cell types, the activity of the PPP was stimulated in a concentration-dependent fashion by exposure to H2O2. In primary mixed and purified astrocytic cultures, PPP activity was stimulated with H2O2 from 2.0 to 22.5 and from 5.9 to 66.7%, respectively. H2O2-induced neuronal injury was evident before saturation of the PPP occurred. H2O2 toxicity was attenuated when neurons were preincubated with the iron chelator, deferoxamine, and did not occur until saturation of the PPP. In vivo measurements of PPP activity in the conscious rat forebrain revealed basal levels of 4.5%, which was stimulated to 16.9 and 35.7% when 1 mM H2O2 and 500 microM phenazine methosulfate were added to the perfusion solution, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A Series Capacitor Based Frequency Scan Method for SSR Studies (2019)

This paper presents a new series capacitor based frequency scan method to assess the subsynchronous resonance risk including induction generator effect (IGE) and subsynchronous control interaction (SSCI). Most existing frequency scan methods are generator based and calculate the impedance as viewed from the neural bus of the study generator. In this paper, the generator-based frequency scan method is discovered to be inadequate or inapplicable to deal with a cluster of inverter-based generation resources under some circumstances. The proposed method scans the impedance as viewed from the series capacitor to assess the IGE/SSCI risk. With nearby inverter-based generation resources modeled by their frequency-dependent impedances, the proposed method is capable of assessing the IGE/SSCI risk for a cluster of inverter-based generation resources. The electromagnetic transient simulation was conducted to validate the proposed method. The proposed method also successfully demonstrates the nonlinear impact of the number of in-service units on the SSCI performance for a cluster of inverter-based generators.
Liquefier Dynamics in Fused Deposition (2004)

Layered manufacturing (LM) is an evolution of rapid prototyping (RP) technology whereby a part is built in layers. Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is a particular LM technique in which each section is fabricated through vector style deposition of building blocks, called roads, which are then stacked layer by layer to fabricate the final object. The latest improvements in this technology brought about the possibility of fabricating not only a model but even the finished product. This paper presents the analysis of the liquefier dynamics towards establishing control strategies for flow control during the extrusion phase, which is necessary to achieve the mentioned objective.
Filling the gap: Emergency medicine administration and operations residency elective (2021)

The authors have no potential conflicts to disclose.
Scalar diffraction modeling of multispectral forward scatter patterns from bacterial colonies (2015)

A theoretical model for spectral forward scatter patterns from a bacterial colony based on elastic light scatter is presented. The spectral forward scatter patterns are computed by scalar diffraction theory, and compared with experimental results of three discrete wavelengths (405 nm, 635 nm, and 904 nm). To provide quantitative analysis, spectral dependence of diffraction ring width, gap, maxima, minima, and the first deflection point are monitored. Both model and experiment results show an excellent agreement; a longer wavelength induces a wider ring width, a wider ring gap, a smaller pattern size, and smaller numbers of rings. Further analysis using spatial fast Fourier transform (SFFT) shows a good agreement; the spatial frequencies are increasing towards the inward direction, and the slope is inversely proportional to the incoming wavelength.
Path loss prediction in multifloored buildings at 914 MHz (1991)

Quantitative models are presented that predict the effect of walls, office partitions, floors, and building layout on path loss at 914 MHz. Average floor attenuation factors (FAF), which describe the additional path loss (in dB) caused by floors between transmitter and receiver are found for up to four floors in a typical office building. Average FAFs are 12.9 dB and 16.2 dB for one floor between the transmission and receiver in two different office buildings. For same floor measurements, attenuation factors (AF) are found to be 1.4 dB for each cloth-covered office partition and 2.4 dB for each concrete wall between transmitter and receiver.
Carbon Nanotube‐Based Multilayers (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Characteristics of Carbon Nanotube Layer-by-Layer Assemblies Applications of Carbon Nanotube Layer-by-Layer Assemblies Conclusions References
Knowledge sharing framework for iKaaS platform (2017)

The iKaaS platform has been developed as a Horizon 2020 project to construct a multi-cloud environment in order to share data and knowledge. In this paper, we add a framework for knowledge sharing/reuse in the iKaaS platform. Furthermore, we design a revenue-sharing mechanism for knowledge sharing, which uses a blockchain for registration and use of data processing services.
Temporal Interpolation as an Unsupervised Pretraining Task for Optical Flow Estimation (2018)

The difficulty of annotating training data is a major obstacle to using CNNs for low-level tasks in video. Synthetic data often does not generalize to real videos, while unsupervised methods require heuristic losses. Proxy tasks can overcome these issues, and start by training a network for a task for which annotation is easier or which can be trained unsupervised. The trained network is then fine-tuned for the original task using small amounts of ground truth data. Here, we investigate frame interpolation as a proxy task for optical flow. Using real movies, we train a CNN unsupervised for temporal interpolation. Such a network implicitly estimates motion, but cannot handle untextured regions. By fine-tuning on small amounts of ground truth flow, the network can learn to fill in homogeneous regions and compute full optical flow fields. Using this unsupervised pre-training, our network outperforms similar architectures that were trained supervised using synthetic optical flow.
Implementation of virtual control strategies for natural rehabilitation of arm with visual and force feedback (2010)

Robotic training following stroke is an emerging rehabilitation technique to facilitate neuromuscular plasticity for regaining functional movements. Most existing training robots follow a defined task-based trajectory in assistive or resistive mode. Whilst this approach may be effective in certain cases it does not allow training of arm or leg in a natural way as the motion is precisely guided by the robot or exoskeleton. The ideal training would be to allow arm/leg follow a trajectory naturally without any augmented support and bring it back when the limb is diverted significantly from the goal. This paper presents implementation of this approach in a virtual environment using a simple force feedback joystick. This will guide the arm within a tunnel of trajectory by providing assistance or resistance depending on location of the arm. The technique can be extended for 3-dimensoional arm movement which can help learn neural plasticity naturally.
Imaging mass spectrometry reveals association of nigral levels of dynorphin peptides and L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson’s disease (2010)

The human brain (lat. cerebrum) is the most complex and heterogeneous organ in the human body. It is involved in a great number of body functions like movement, touch sensing, vision, hearing, smelling, hormone regulation and many more. In no other organ, the molecular communication mechanisms between different cells are so poorly understood. Due to the extensive diversity of processes that are controlled by the brain, diseases and injuries of the nervous system affect the human body significantly. Because of the immense complexity of the brain, the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathology of the diseases remain largely unknown. Hence, there is an urgent need for the development of new analytical strategies in order to investigate these conditions on a molecular level. Here, a central focus lies in the study of protein and peptide expression profiles, which can provide an insight in ongoing molecular mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of the diseases. A powerful approach for studying proteins and peptide dynamics is mass spectrometry based proteomics, which is defined as the comprehensive study of all proteins expressed in a biological matrix at a certain point of time. The central objective of this thesis was to develop and employ different mass spectrometric techniques to study protein and peptide dynamics in the central nervous system in different neurological diseases. The individual studies comprise different aspects of proteome research. The first two studies included clinical proteomic applications for investigating protein dynamics in traumatic brain injury and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. A further study was focused on method development for MS analysis of intact neural cells. The final three projects described in this thesis comprised MS based protein and peptide imaging in brain and spinal cord tissue samples. Here, the aim was to elucidate topological changes in protein expression in ALS as well as neuropeptide alterations in distinct brain structures in L-DOPA induced dyskinesia (LID) in Parkinson’s disease.
The statistical orientation of uniaxial single-domain magnetic particles (1990)

The collective orientation of uniaxial magnetic particles in a Newtonian fluid is reviewed. The quartic term in the equation for the anisotropy torque leads to different conclusions when considering the alignment of a collection of particles than when considering a single particle. Both two- and three-dimensional initial distributions of orientations suggest that larger fields orient the particle assembly more rapidly than the ‘‘optimum’’ field for a single particle.
Improved processes for the production and isolation of dynemicin A and large-scale fermentation in a 10000-liter fermentor (1992)

Supplementing the culture of Micromonospora chersina sp. nov. No. M956-1 with NaI (0.5 mg/l) enhanced the production of dynemicin A by 35-fold in shake flask culture. Homogeneous dynemicin A was obtained from the whole broth extract by Dicalite chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 chromatography and vacuum liquid chromatography. Gram quantities of dynemicin A were obtained from the fermentation of M. chersina sp. nov. No. M956-1 in a 10,000-liter fermentor.
RESIDENCE TIME DISTRIBUTION OF FOOD AND SIMULATED PARTICLES IN A MODEL HORIZONTAL SWEPT SURFACE HEAT EXCHANGER1 (1998)

ABSTRACT The residence time distribution (RTD) of food and inert particles flowing in a swept surface heat exchanger at room temperature was investigated. The effects of selected experimental conditions on RTD include particle shape (cube, cylinder, and sphere), particle concentration (10, 20, and 30% w/v), particle type (potato, carrot, turkey, green peas, and polystyrene), fluid viscosity (water, 0.5% CMC, and 1.0% CMC), bulk flow rate (5.8 × 10 −4 , 7.28 × 10 −4 , and 8.71 × 10 −4 m3/s) and shaft rotational speed (30, 60, and 90 rpm). Although turkey cubes were denser than other food particles, they moved faster than potato and carrot particles. Mean particle normalized residence time (MNPRT) of food particles (green peas) were found to be significantly higher than that of simulated particles (polystyrene). Cylindrical particles stayed longer than cubic particles in water, but not significantly in CMC solution. MNPRT values were found to be dependent on viscosity. Increasing particle concentration (up to 30%) tended to decrease MNPRT. Both bulk flow rate and shaft rotational speed tend to decrease MNPRT, thus reducing the lethality achieved. The distribution of residence time curves were narrowed by decreasing particle concentration, bulk flow rate, and shaft rotational speed, and by using fluids with high viscosity. In general, particle velocity was found to be higher than the average bulk velocity. The fastest particle velocity was found to be 3.23 times the average bulk velocity while the ratio was 0.382 for the slowest.
Immunological responses following administration of a genotype 1a/1b/2/3a quadrivalent HCV VLP vaccine (2018)

The significant public health problem of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been partially addressed with the advent of directly acting antiviral agents (DAAs). However, the development of an effective preventative vaccine would have a significant impact on HCV incidence and would represent a major advance towards controlling and possibly eradicating HCV globally. We previously reported a genotype 1a HCV viral-like particle (VLP) vaccine that produced neutralizing antibodies (NAb) and T cell responses to HCV. To advance this approach, we produced a quadrivalent genotype 1a/1b/2a/3a HCV VLP vaccine to produce broader immune responses. We show that this quadrivalent vaccine produces antibody and NAb responses together with strong T and B cell responses in vaccinated mice. Moreover, selective neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies (HuMAbs) targeting conserved antigenic domain B and D epitopes of the E2 protein bound strongly to the HCV VLPs, suggesting that these critical epitopes are expressed on the surface of the particles. Our findings demonstrate that a quadrivalent HCV VLP based vaccine induces broad humoral and cellular immune responses that will be necessary for protection against HCV. Such a vaccine could provide a substantial addition to highly active antiviral drugs in eliminating HCV.
All-chalcogenide plasmonic and dielectric phase-change metadevices (2017)

In recent years, a variety of active plasmonic and metamaterial functionalities have been realized via the hybridization of noble metal nanostructures with phase-change media including chalcogenides, vanadium dioxide, gallium and liquid crystals. We now demonstrate experimentally that chalcogenides alone can serve as a unique compositionally tunable, non-volatile optically/electronically reconfigurable platform for the engineering of switchable all-dielectric near-infrared metamaterials and switchably-plasmonic UV-visible metasurfaces.
11.9 A 105Gb/s Dielectric-Waveguide Link in 130nm BiCMOS Using Channelized 220-to-335GHz Signal and Integrated Waveguide Coupler (2021)

The rapid surge of data transmission within computation, storage and communication infrastructures is pushing the speed boundary of traditional copper-based electrical links. Recent realizations of 100Gb/s wired links require advanced FinFET technologies, highcost packaging/cables and power-consuming equalization. High-frequency waves over dielectric waveguides have been considered as an alternative solution that exploits the low-loss, broadband medium while maintaining compatibility with existing silicon IC platforms. However, since its debut in 2011 [1], this scheme, previously using ≤140GHz carriers, has only achieved data rates of up to 36Gb/s [2]. It is expected that higher carrier frequencies (e.g. >200GHz) and multi-channel aggregation would further increase the data rate while shrinking the interconnect size; but that scheme has been hindered by challenges related to the required high-order multiplexer and ultra-broadband waveguide coupler operating efficiently at sub terahertz (sub-THz) frequencies. In this paper, using a 130nm SiGe BiCMOS technology, we present a multi-channel, multiplexer/coupler-integrated transmitter (Tx) that delivers a data rate of 105Gb/s (3×35Gb/s). To demodulate each channel, a 35Gb/s coupler-integrated receiver (Rx) is also developed. Our link, including the chipset and a 0.4mm-wide, 30cm-long dielectric ribbon, experimentally demonstrates the potential speed, efficiency, size and cost advantages of THz fiber links in high-speed inter-server and backplane fabrics.
Quantitative real‐time detection of parvovirus B19 DNA in plasma (2004)

The B19V DNA quantification test (LightCycler, Roche ) is suitable for quantitative, routine, in-process measurement of B19V DNA levels in plasma pools, using the DNA extractor (NucliSens, bioMerieux) for nucleic acid isolation.
Supplementary Table 3 from IL26, a Noncanonical Mediator of DNA Inflammatory Stimulation, Promotes TNBC Engraftment and Progression in Association with Neutrophils (2023)

&lt;p&gt;List of significant gene symbols&lt;/p&gt;
Electric-Field Programmable Spin Arrays for Scalable Quantum Repeaters (2022)

Large scale control over thousands of quantum emitters desired by quantum network technology is limited by power consumption and cross-talk inherent in current microwave techniques. Here we propose a quantum repeater architecture based on densely-packed diamond color centers (CCs) in a programmable electrode array. This 'electric-field programmable spin array' (eFPSA) enables high-speed spin control of individual CCs with low cross-talk and power dissipation. Integrated in a slow-light waveguide for efficient optical coupling, the eFPSA serves as a quantum interface for optically-mediated entanglement. We evaluate the performance of the eFPSA architecture in comparison to a routing tree design and show increased entanglement generation rate into thousands of qubits regime. Our results enable high fidelity control of dense quantum emitter arrays for scalable networking.