gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Combined HIV-1 Envelope Systemic and Mucosal Immunization of Lactating Rhesus Monkeys Induces a Robust Immunoglobulin A Isotype B Cell Response in Breast Milk (2020)

ABSTRACT Maternal vaccination to induce anti-HIV immune factors in breast milk is a potential intervention to prevent postnatal HIV-1 mother-to-child transmission (MTCT). We previously demonstrated that immunization of lactating rhesus monkeys with a modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) prime/intramuscular (i.m.) protein boost regimen induced functional IgG responses in milk, while MVA prime/intranasal (i.n.) boost induced robust milk Env-specific IgA responses. Yet, recent studies have suggested that prevention of postnatal MTCT may require both Env-specific IgA and functional IgG responses in milk. Thus, to investigate whether both responses could be elicited by a combined systemic/mucosal immunization strategy, animals previously immunized with the MVA prime/i.n. boost regimen received an i.n./i.m. combined C.1086 gp120 boost. Remarkably, high-magnitude Env-specific IgA responses were observed in milk, surpassing those in plasma. Furthermore, 29% of vaccine-elicited Env-specific B cells isolated from breast milk were IgA isotype, in stark contrast to the overwhelming predominance of IgG isotype Env-specific B cells in breast milk of chronically HIV-infected women. A clonal relationship was identified between Env-specific blood and breast milk B cells, suggesting trafficking of that cell population between the two compartments. Furthermore, IgA and IgG monoclonal antibodies isolated from Env-specific breast milk B cells demonstrated diverse Env epitope specificities and multiple effector functions, including tier 1 neutralization, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), infected cell binding, and inhibition of viral attachment to epithelial cells. Thus, maternal i.n./i.m. combined immunization is a novel strategy to enhance protective Env-specific IgA in milk, which is subsequently transferred to the infant via breastfeeding. IMPORTANCE Efforts to increase the availability of antiretroviral therapy to pregnant and breastfeeding women in resource-limited areas have proven remarkably successful at reducing HIV vertical transmission rates. However, more than 200,000 children are infected annually due to failures in therapy implementation, monitoring, and adherence, nearly half by postnatal HIV exposure via maternal breast milk. Intriguingly, in the absence of antiretroviral therapy, only 10% of breastfed infants born to HIV-infected mothers acquire the virus, suggesting the existence of naturally protective immune factors in milk. Enhancement of these protective immune factors through maternal vaccination will be a critical strategy to reduce the global pediatric AIDS epidemic. We have previously demonstrated that a high magnitude of HIV Env-specific IgA in milk correlates with reduced risk of infant HIV acquisition. In this study, we describe a novel HIV vaccine regimen that induces potent IgA responses in milk and therefore could potentially protect against breast milk HIV MTCT.
Medical Applications of Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) Technology (2012)

...................................................................................................................30 What Is MEMS Technology? ................................................................................30 The Advantages Offered by MEMS Technology for Medical Applications ......................................................................................................33 How Are MEMS Made? .......................................................................................34
Figure S7 from Characterization of the Anti–PD-1 Antibody REGN2810 and Its Antitumor Activity in Human <i>PD-1</i> Knock-In Mice (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Concentration-time profile of REGN2810 in serum following a single intravenous infusion to cynomolgus monkeys.&lt;/p&gt;
Pd(II)-Catalyzed ortho- or meta-C–H Olefination of Phenol Derivatives (2013)

A combination of weakly coordinating auxiliaries and ligand acceleration allows for the development of both ortho- and meta-selective C-H olefination of phenol derivatives. These reactions demonstrate the feasibility of directing C-H functionalizations when functional groups are distal to target C-H bonds. The meta-C-H functionalization of electron-rich phenol derivatives is unprecedented and orthogonal to previous electrophilic substitution of phenols in terms of regioselectivity. These methods are also applied to functionalize α-phenoxyacetic acids, a fibrate class of drug scaffolds.
Convergence rate of adaptive line enhancer with tap failures (2005)

The adaptive line enhancer (ALE) has been applied to a variety of problems. There has been extensive analysis of the convergence, tracking, and steady state error properties of the normal ALE. Recently, the effects of tap failures on the steady state error of the ALE were investigated. Here the effect of tap failure on the mean convergence behavior of the ALE operating under general tap failure is analyzed under the independence assumption. The convergence rate is shown to be related to one of the eigenvalues of the modified autocorrelation matrix. These results are then applied to the special cases of single complex exponential, single real sinusoid, and multiple complex exponential input signals in additive white noise. Simulation results showing close agreement with theory are presented.
Expanding SimSET to include block detectors: performance with pseudo-blocks and a true block model (2007)

We present a study that introduces two approaches to implementing block detectors into SimSET and compares their performance. SimSET is a photon tracking simulation package, which currently incorporates only detectors made of a solid annulus of scinitillator material. A pseudo-block approximation has been imposed on the solid annulus of conventional SimSET by discarding interactions in annulus segments that span the angular block gap. This yields blocks that are annulus segments, not rectangles. This is a quick and easy approximation of block structure, which brings SimSET results closer to actual scanner measurements. Even better agreement is expected with a deeper modification of the SimSET code that implements true rectangular blocks in the detector module (to be released late 2007/early 2008). This approach enables the greatest amount of variability and trueness to detail.We compare results from both block structure implementations to the conventional SimSET results and to measurements from a GE DSTE PET/CT scanner. Differences are evaluated in terms of sensitivities, crystal maps, and energy spectra, as well as in benchmark time tests of the simulation runs and their ease of use.Either implementation of block structure can aid in improving simulation accuracy by ameliorating one known cause of discrepancies, the geometric nature of the block detectors.
Curiosity and Science (2018)

Using curiosity as the starting point for careful observation of nature and society is a nontrivial skill, and a starting point for new intellectual endeavors and adventures. It is one essential contributor to creativity in science, and a start in forcing new ideas into inflexible professional orthodoxies.
Numerical design of electroosmotic flow on Bio-chip (2004)

In bio-engineering field, the micro-scale systems, such as μTAS, attract our interest for the purpose of the improvement of efficiency of bio-chemical analysis and miniaturization of the equipment by integrating micro fluidics elements on a micro-chip. However, mixing reagent solutions each other is difficult in those systems because of extremely low Reynolds number. Moreover, a DNA sample in the solution behaves in the nano-scale, which is smaller than micro-scale, so that it is difficult to control both reagent concentration and DNA behavior properly. In this study, we calculated the electroosmotic flow with reversed flow in micro-channel by means of 2D NS equations and evaluated the effect of the reversed flow on the diffusion phenomena, and mixing condition of a DNA sample into the solution is numerically predicted by modeling the DNA with MD method and coupling the model with the calculated flow.
3,5-Bis(2,4-Difluorobenzylidene)-4-piperidone, a Novel Compound That Affects Pancreatic Cancer Growth and Angiogenesis (2011)

Dysregulated Notch signaling plays an important role in the progression of cancer. Notch signaling affects tumor growth and angiogenesis through the actions of its ligand Jagged-1. In this study, we developed a novel compound 3,5-bis(2,4-difluorobenzylidene)-4-piperidone (DiFiD) and determined that it inhibits cancer cell growth and its effects on Notch signaling. Intraperitoneal administration of DiFiD significantly suppressed growth of pancreatic cancer tumor xenografts. There was a reduction in CD31-positive blood vessels, suggesting that there was an effect on angiogenesis. In vitro, DiFiD inhibited the proliferation of various human and mouse pancreatic cancer cells while increasing activated caspase-3. Cell-cycle analyses showed that DiFiD induced G(2)-M arrest and decreased the expression of cell-cycle-related proteins cyclin A1 and D1 while upregulating cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21WAF1. We next determined the mechanism of action. DiFiD reduced Notch-1 activation, resulting in reduced expression of its downstream target protein Hes-1. We further determined that the reduced Notch-1 activation was due to reduction in the ligand Jagged-1 and two critical components of the γ-secretase enzyme complex presenilin-1 and nicastrin. Ectopic expression of the Notch intracellular domain rescued the cells from DiFiD-mediated growth suppression. DiFiD-treated tumor xenografts also showed reduced levels of Jagged-1 and the γ-secretase complex proteins presenilin-1 and nicastrin. Taken together, these data suggest that DiFiD is a novel potent therapeutic agent that can target different aspects of the Notch signaling pathway to inhibit both tumor growth and angiogenesis.
Data from Longitudinal, Noninvasive Imaging of T-Cell Effector Function and Proliferation in Living Subjects (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Adoptive immunotherapy is evolving to assume an increasing role in treating cancer. Most imaging studies in adoptive immunotherapy to date have focused primarily on locating tumor-specific T cells rather than understanding their effector functions. In this study, we report the development of a noninvasive imaging strategy to monitor T-cell activation in living subjects by linking a reporter gene to the Granzyme B promoter (pGB), whose transcriptional activity is known to increase during T-cell activation. Because pGB is relatively weak and does not lead to sufficient reporter gene expression for noninvasive imaging, we specifically employed 2 signal amplification strategies, namely the Two Step Transcription Amplification (TSTA) strategy and the cytomegalovirus enhancer (CMVe) strategy, to maximize firefly luciferase reporter gene expression. Although both amplification strategies were capable of increasing pGB activity in activated primary murine splenocytes, only the level of bioluminescence activity achieved with the CMVe strategy was adequate for noninvasive imaging in mice. Using T cells transduced with a reporter vector containing the hybrid pGB–CMVe promoter, we were able to optically image T-cell effector function longitudinally in response to tumor antigens in living mice. This methodology has the potential to accelerate the study of adoptive immunotherapy in preclinical cancer models. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 70(24); 10141–9. ©2010 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Dielectric behavior of filled silicone rubbers: effects of cross-linking agent and surface modified fillers (2002)

The influence of amount of cross-linking agent and surface modification of alumina trihydrate (ATH) fillers on dielectric properties of silica filled silicone rubber were investigated. It was found that the cross-linking agent did not affect the dielectric properties of the silica filled silicone rubber if the samples were electrically aged before. There were two clear processes in these systems, relaxation polarization and DC conduction. Introduction of surface modified and non-surface modified ATH fillers changed these characteristics to low frequency dispersion dominated. The losses were higher in the sample with silanized ATH filler. The losses increased with surface modified fillers when the filler concentration increased.
Visible-light silicon nitride waveguide devices and implantable neurophotonic probes on thinned 200 mm silicon wafers (2019)

We present passive, visible light silicon nitride waveguides fabricated on ≈ 100 µm thick 200 mm silicon wafers using deep ultraviolet lithography. The best-case propagation losses of single-mode waveguides were ≤ 2.8 dB/cm and ≤ 1.9 dB/cm over continuous wavelength ranges of 466-550 nm and 552-648 nm, respectively. In-plane waveguide crossings and multimode interference power splitters are also demonstrated. Using this platform, we realize a proof-of-concept implantable neurophotonic probe for optogenetic stimulation of rodent brains. The probe has grating coupler emitters defined on a 4 mm long, 92 µm thick shank and operates over a wide wavelength range of 430-645 nm covering the excitation spectra of multiple opsins and fluorophores used for brain stimulation and imaging.
ChemInform Abstract: First Transannular Diels‐Alder Reactions Involving Tetrasubstituted Non‐Activated Dienophiles. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Identification of the Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Large Protein as a Unique Viral Protein (1973)

Previous studies have noted the existence of a 190,000-dalton vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) protein called the large (L) protein. To determine whether this protein is a nonspecific aggregate, a precursor to the other VSV proteins, or a unique viral protein, its synthesis relative to the other VSV proteins was studied under conditions of inhibition of initiation of protein synthesis. Also, its tryptic peptides were compared to those of the other VSV proteins. In both cases the results were consistent with the identification of the large protein as a unique viral protein.
Electron Spin-Relaxation Times in p-type δ-doped GaAs/AlGaAs Double Heterostructures (2000)

Optically pumped GaAs is a promising material for probes of spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy. To increase the accuracy of the measurement, it is necessary to increase the spin polarization of excited electrons and their spin-relaxation time. A δ-doped GaAs/AlGaAs double heterostructure shows a larger spin-relaxation time than bulk GaAs. It has been reported that in this structure the effect of the exchange interaction between the electrons and excitons can easily be reduced by spatially separating the electrons and holes. However, the dependency of the relaxation time on the structural details has not been experimentally examined. In this study, we determine the optimum well width of the δ-doped double heterostructure which yields a long spin-relaxation time using time-resolved photoluminescence measurement. Spin-relaxation times of the e 0 →hh 1 recombination and e 0 →lh 1 recombination are individually characterized. The e 0 →hh 1 recombination has the longer spin-relaxation time, and the longest relaxation time of τ s \fallingdotseq20 ns is observed for the structure with a well 90 nm in width.
Semi-Analytical Estimation of On-Chip Intertwined Rectangular Transformer Parameters in 180 nm CMOS Technology (2020)

This paper presents the design methodology of an on-chip intertwined rectangular transformer in 180 nm CMOS technology intended for fully integrated LC oscillators. A simple model based on the physical interpretation of the transformer is presented. A method for fast estimation of inductance and magnetic coupling which takes into account the spacing between the turns is presented. Estimation of other parameters is given based on a combination of simple formulas, extraction from electromagnetic simulations and a fitting procedure. Four transformers with different turn ratios are simulated in HFSS and the results of the simulations to the fitted data of the lumped elements model are compared. The model's relative error of S-parameters compared to the simulations is less than 5% for inductors and 10% for the transformer in a high frequency range.
Tear energy and strain-induced crystallization of natural rubber/styrene-butadiene rubber blend (2009)

Strain-induced crystallization of natural rubber (NR), dispersed in styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), was investigated in relation to dimensional feature of a dispersoid and crosslink density of NR by measuring tear energy (G) of crosslinked NR/SBR blends. The crosslinked NR/SBR blends in ratios of 1/9 and 3/7 by weight were prepared by mixing masticated NR and SBR with an internal mixer at a rotor speed of 30 rpm, followed by crosslinking with dicumyl peroxide on a hot press at 444 K for 60 min. The G, measured in wide-ranges of temperature and tear rate, was superposed into a master curve with a Williams-Landel-Ferry shift factor. The G of the NR/SBR(3/7) blend abruptly decreased to a level comparable to that of SBR at about melting temperature of NR crystals formed on straining. The temperature, at which the dramatic decrease in the G occurred, was associated with the dimensional feature of the NR dispersoid and the crosslink density.
Mechanisms of Humoral Cytotoxicity Testing: The Role of Rabbit Serum, Xenoantibody, and Human IgM (1977)

The reproducibility and sensitivity of a humoral microcytotoxicity assay which detects anti-astrocytoma antibodies depends on a consistent, effective complement preparation. Rabbit serum mixed 1/1 with human cord serum proved to be an ideal preparation with full complementarity and low nonspecific cytotoxicity. Human cord serum provided consistent small amounts of human IgM and did not contribute additional complement activity. The inhibition of xenoantibody by human IgM is the critical mechanism which determines the efficacy of the complement. Human IgM in a final concentration of 10 mg/dl in the rabbit serum produced a preparation with 10 to 15% nonspecific cytotoxicity against astrocytoma target cells. This residual nonspecific cytotoxicity serves a catalytic function and is necessary for the detection of weak specific antibodies.
Unilateral Nasal Nitric Oxide Measurement after Nasal Surgery (2000)

This study was designed to validate and standardize a method for unilateral nasal nitric oxide (NO) measurement. Fourteen healthy volunteers and 11 patients who had undergone unilateral medial maxillectomy were enrolled. Nasal NO was measured unilaterally by means of a dual pump system, and bilateral nasal NO was measured by aspirating air through the nasal airway in series. The median unilateral NO output was 195 nL/min on the surgical side and 291 nL/min on the contralateral, surgically untreated side (p = .006). The NO output was not significantly different between nostrils in the control group (p = .82). With the bilateral technique, there was no significant difference between the surgery group and the healthy-subjects group (p = .72). The unilateral nasal NO technique is sensitive in determining unilateral differences in nasal NO production. The NO outputs from the nostrils were similar in normal subjects regardless of the nasal cycle, but were significantly lower on the operated side in the unilateral nasal surgery group.
Monomer-Solvent Phase Separation in One-step Self-etch Adhesives (2005)

One-step adhesives bond less effectively to enamel/dentin than do their multi-step versions. To investigate whether this might be due to phase separation between adhesive ingredients, we characterized the interaction of 5 experimental and 3 commercial self-etch adhesives with dentin using transmission electron microscopy. All adhesives were examined for homogeneity by light microscopy. Bonding effectiveness to dentin was determined with the use of a micro-tensile bond-strength protocol. The lower bond strength of the one-step adhesives was associated with light-microscopic observation of multiple droplets that disappeared slowly. Interfacial analysis confirmed the entrapment of droplets within the adhesive layer. The prompt disappearance of droplets upon application of a small amount of HEMA (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) or a HEMA-containing bonding agent, as well as the absence of droplets at the interface of all HEMA-containing adhesives, strongly suggests that the adhesive monomers separate from water upon evaporation of ethanol/acetone. Upon polymerization, the droplets become entrapped within the adhesive, potentially jeopardizing bond durability. This can be avoided by strong air-drying of the adhesive, thereby removing interfacial water and thus improving bonding effectiveness.
Structural characterization of methylsilsesquioxane-based porous low-k thin films using X-ray porosimetry (2004)

Methylsilsesquioxane based porous low-k dielectric films with different porogen loading have been characterized using X-ray porosimetry to determine their pore size distribution, average density, wall density and porosity. By varying the porogen content from 1 % to 30 %, the porosity and the average pore size changed from 12 % to 34 % and from 10 /spl Aring/ to 15 /spl Aring/ in radius, respectively. The wall density was found to be independent of the porogen content and it appeared that the porogen is not 100% effective in generating pores. Pore size of these samples was also obtained from small angle neutron scattering measurements and the results were found to be consistent with that from XRP.