gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Reset Control Apparatus for PLL Power-Up Sequence and Auto-Synchronization (2008)

This study examined support, stress, and well-being between adults who provide care for an aging and disabled parent and those who care for an aging and disabled parent-in-law. The study utilized a sample of individuals caring for a parent (n = 77), individuals caring for an in-law (n = 26) and a comparison group of noncaregivers (n = 1,939) from the Midlife Development in the United States study. In-law caregivers provided more financial assistance but adult child caregivers provided more emotional support and unpaid work. Adult child caregivers reported poorer mental health and family strain; in-law caregivers reported more spouse support and less family strain.
Synthesis and magnetic properties of fergusonite-structured La(NbVMn)O4 (2013)

The authors have synthesized fergusonite-structured La(Nb 0·71 V 0·04 Mn 0·25 )O 4 samples. The samples, consisting of La 3+ , Nb 5+ , V 5+ , Mn 4+ and oxygen ions, demonstrated temperature-dependent magnetization that increased with lowering the temperature below ≈200 K, and almost saturated below ≈100 K. At 75 K, the field-dependent magnetization demonstrated sigmoidal curve and reached 3 μ B /Mn at 1 T. Such a magnetic behavior can be ascribed to exchange interaction between Mn 4+ Nb 2 O 11 nanoclusters. The Mn 4+ substitution for the V 5+ sites of the crystal resulted also in the occupied state above the valence band maximum.
A Multi-Cell MMSE Detector for Massive MIMO Systems and New Large System Analysis (2015)

In this paper, a new multi-cell MMSE detector is proposed for massive MIMO systems. Let K and B denote the number of users in each cell and the number of available pilot sequences in the network, respectively, with B = βK, where β ≥ 1 is called the pilot reuse factor. The novelty of the multi-cell MMSE detector is that it utilizes all B channel directions that can be estimated locally at a base station, so that intra-cell interference, parts of the inter-cell interference and the noise can all be actively suppressed, while conventional detectors only use the K intra-cell channels. Furthermore, in the large- system limit, a deterministic equivalent expression of the uplink SINR for the proposed multi-cell MMSE is derived. The expression is easy to compute and accounts for power control for the pilot and payload, imperfect channel estimation and arbitrary pilot allocation. Numerical results show that significant sum spectral efficiency gains can be obtained by the multi-cell MMSE over the conventional single-cell MMSE and the recent multi-cell ZF, and the gains become more significant as β and/or K increases. Furthermore, the deterministic equivalent is shown to be very accurate even for relatively small system dimensions.
Non-Nucleoside Benzimidazole-Based Allosteric Inhibitors of the Hepatitis C Virus NS5B Polymerase:  Inhibition of Subgenomic Hepatitis C Virus RNA Replicons in Huh-7 Cells (2004)

A previously disclosed series of non-nucleoside allosteric inhibitors of the NS5B polymerase of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) was optimized to yield novel compounds with improved physicochemical properties and activity in cell-based assays. Replacement of ionizable carboxylic acids with neutral substituents in lead compounds produced inhibitors with cellular permeability and antiviral activity in a cell-based assay of subgenomic HCV RNA replication (replicon EC(50) as low as 1.7 microM). The improvement in potency in this ex vivo model of HCV RNA replication validates, in part, the mechanism by which this class of allosteric benzimidazole derivatives inhibits the polymerase and represents a significant step forward in the discovery of novel HCV therapeutics.
Diagnosing Data Center Behavior Flow by Flow (2013)

Multi-tenant data centers are complex environments, running thousands of applications that compete for the same infrastructure resources and whose behavior is guided by (sometimes) divergent configurations. Small workload changes or simple operator tasks may yield unpredictable results and lead to expensive failures and performance degradation. In this paper, we propose a holistic approach for detecting operational problems in data centers. Our framework, FlowDiff, collects information from all entities involved in the operation of a data center -- applications, operators, and infrastructure -- and continually builds behavioral models for the operation. By comparing current models with pre-computed, known-to-be-stable models, FlowDiff is able to detect many operational problems, ranging from host and network failures to unauthorized access. FlowDiff also identifies common system operations (e.g., VM migration, software upgrades) to validate the behavior changes against planned operator tasks. We show that using passive measurements on control traffic from programmable switches to a centralized controller is sufficient to build strong behavior models; FlowDiff does not require active measurements or expensive server instrumentation. Our experimental results using NEC data center testbed, Amazon EC2, and simulations demonstrate that FlowDiff is effective and robust in detecting anomalous behavior. FlowDiff scales well with the number of applications running in the data center and their traffic volume.
A theory of phase transitions and phase diagrams for one- and two-component phospholipid bilayers (1977)

A statistical mechanical partition function for phospholipid bilayers is constructed to obtain a theoretical description of the chain melting phase transition in lipid bilayer membranes and of the phase diagrams for two-component bilayers. In addition to providing an accurate representation of the transition temperatures and enthalpies of one-component bilayers composed of 1,2-diacylphosphatidylcholines, the theory can also account for the shapes of the phase diagrams observed for bilayers which are binary mixtures of these compounds with two different hydrocarbon chain lenghts.
Scaled III–V-on-Si transistors for low-power logic and memory applications (2020)

Abstract III–V semiconductors, such as indium-rich InGaAs, are promising as replacements for the Si channel in CMOS technology. In this work, we demonstrate a scaled III–V FinFET technology, integrated on Si substrates using a direct wafer bonding technique. Logic performance down to physical gate lengths of 20 nm and fin widths of 15 nm is explored. Narrow-bandgap materials such as these are susceptible to band-to-band tunneling in the off-state, which enhances the parasitic bipolar effect (an accumulation of holes in the channel region). We here examine the use of source and drain spacers to mitigate this effect, showing a two orders of magnitude improvement in the off-state characteristics of scaled III–V FETs. The parasitic bipolar effect can also be beneficial in enabling a memory effect in the FET. In the second part of the work, we explore this effect towards capacitorless 1 T DRAM cells. We show that the use of a quantum well in these devices can enhance retention times and lead to a significant reduction of the power density.
Co-design of signal, power, and thermal distribution networks for 3D ICs (2009)

Heat removal and power delivery are two major reliability concerns in the 3D stacked IC technology. Liquid cooling based on micro-fluidic channels is proposed as a viable solution to dramatically reduce the operating temperature of 3D ICs. In addition, designers use a highly complex hierarchical power distribution network in conjunction with decoupling capacitors to deliver currents to all parts of the 3D IC while suppressing the power supply noise to an acceptable level. These so called silicon ancillary technologies, however, pose major challenges to routing completion and congestion. These thermal and power/ground interconnects together with those used for signal delivery compete with one another for routing resources including various types of Through-Silicon-Vias (TSVs). This paper presents the work on routing with these interconnects in 3D: signal, power, and thermal networks. We demonstrate how to consider various physical, electrical, and thermo-mechnical requirements of these interconnects to successfully complete routing while addressing various reliability concerns.
Five degree-of-freedom control of an ultra-precision magnetically-suspended linear bearing (1991)

The authors constructed a high precision linear bearing. A 10.7 kg platen measuring 125 mm by 125 mm by 350 mm is suspended and controlled in five degrees of freedom by seven electromagnets. The position of the platen is measured by five capacitive probes which have nanometer resolution. The suspension acts as a linear bearing, allowing linear travel of 50 mm in the sixth degree of freedom. In the laboratory, this bearing system has demonstrated position stability of 5 nm peak-to-peak. This is believed to be the highest position stability yet demonstrated in a magnetic suspension system. Performance at this level confirms that magnetic suspensions can address motion control requirements at the nanometer level. The experimental effort associated with this linear bearing system is described. Major topics are the development of models for the suspension, implementation of control algorithms, and measurement of the actual bearing performance. Suggestions for the future improvement of the bearing system are given.
Effect of specimen size on elastic-plastic fracture toughness for SUS316LN at cryogenic temperature. (1988)

This investigation has been carried out to determine the influence of specimen size and side groove depth on elastic-plastic fracture toughness parameters. Elastic-plastic fracture toughness JIC and tearing modulus Tmat were evaluated by the unloading compliance method which was described in ASTM E813-81 standards. Compact tension specimens were prepared from SUS316LN and the test were conducted at cryogenic temperature 4.2K. It is understood that JIC and Tmat are independent of specimen size when the specimen satisfies ASTM standard size requirements. JIC and Tmat decrease with the increase of side groove depth for 0-12.5% of original thickness, and they are independent of side groove depth when the depth is 12.5-37.5%. These results suggest that a 0.5CT small specimen with 25% side grooves can provide proper JIC and Tmat values independent of specimen size and side groove depth.
Transparent Metal Oxide Nanowire Electronics (2010)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Nanowire Transistors Transparent Nanowire Circuits and Displays Conclusions References
Semi-Supervised Learning -- A Statistical Physics Approach (2006)

We present a novel approach to semi-supervised learning which is based on statistical physics. Most of the former work in the field of semi-supervised learning classifies the points by minimizing a certain energy function, which corresponds to a minimal k-way cut solution. In contrast to these methods, we estimate the distribution of classifications, instead of the sole minimal k-way cut, which yields more accurate and robust results. Our approach may be applied to all energy functions used for semi-supervised learning. The method is based on sampling using a Multicanonical Markov chain Monte-Carlo algorithm, and has a straightforward probabilistic interpretation, which allows for soft assignments of points to classes, and also to cope with yet unseen class types. The suggested approach is demonstrated on a toy data set and on two real-life data sets of gene expression.
Purifying the Hedgehog Protein and its Variants (2007)

The purification of recombinant versions of the N-terminal signaling fragment of Sonic hedgehog (ShhN) from E. coli, Hi-5 insect cells, yeast, and mammalian cell sources reveals diverse post-translational modifications that affect the potency of the purified protein. Modifications to the N-terminal cysteine with fatty acyl groups results in significant increases in potency, up to 100-fold, when compared with the unmodified protein. Proteolytic clipping at sites near the N-terminus results in inactivation of signaling activity. The ShhN protein is particularly sensitive to metal ion-induced oxidation, and the methods described here were developed to minimize this oxidation. The purification methods developed for ShhN were applicable to human Indian and Desert hedgehog N-terminal signaling proteins, and therefore should be useful for hedgehog proteins from other species.
Removal of Scanner Effects in Covariance Improves Multivariate Pattern Analysis in Neuroimaging Data (2019)

Abstract To acquire larger samples for answering complex questions in neuroscience, researchers have increasingly turned to multi-site neuroimaging studies. However, these studies are hindered by differences in images acquired across multiple scanners. These effects have been shown to bias comparison between scanners, mask biologically meaningful associations, and even introduce spurious associations. To address this, the field has focused on harmonizing data by removing scanner-related effects in the mean and variance of measurements. Contemporaneously with the increase in popularity of multi-center imaging, the use of multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) has also become commonplace. These approaches have been shown to provide improved sensitivity, specificity, and power due to their modeling the joint relationship across measurements in the brain. In this work, we demonstrate that methods for removing scanner effects in mean and variance may not be sufficient for MVPA. This stems from the fact that such methods fail to address how correlations between measurements can vary across scanners. Data from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative is used to show that considerable differences in covariance exist across scanners and that popular harmonization techniques do not address this issue. We also propose a novel methodology that harmonizes covariance of multivariate image measurements across scanners and demonstrate its improved performance in data harmonization.
Enhanced tumor cell kill by combined treatment with a small-molecule antagonist of mouse double minute 2 and adenoviruses encoding p53 (2007)

Strategies to treat cancer by restoring p53 tumor suppressor functions are being actively investigated. These approaches range from expressing an exogenous p53 gene in p53 mutant cancers to antagonizing a p53 inhibitor in p53 wild-type (WT) cancer cells. In addition, exogenous p53 is used to strengthen the anticancer efficacy of oncolytic adenoviruses. Many cancers express high levels of the major negative regulator of p53, mouse double minute 2 (MDM2) protein. Recently, a novel class of highly potent and specific MDM2 antagonists, the Nutlins, was identified. We envisioned that Nutlins could protect both endogenous and exogenous p53 from MDM2-mediated inactivation. We therefore investigated treating human cancer cells with a combination of adenovirus-mediated p53 gene therapy and Nutlin. Combination treatment resulted in broadly effective cell kill of p53 WT and p53-negative cancer cells. Cytotoxicity was associated with profound cell cycle checkpoint activation and apoptosis induction. We also tested Nutlin in combination with oncolytic adenoviruses. Nutlin treatment accelerated viral progeny burst from oncolytic adenovirus-infected cancer cells and caused an estimated 10- to 1,000-fold augmented eradication of p53 WT cancer cells. These findings suggest that Nutlins are promising compounds to be combined with p53 gene therapy and oncolytic virotherapy for cancer.
Synthesis and characterization of hyperbranched poly(urea‐urethane)s based on AA* and B2B* monomers (2004)

Abstract Hyperbranched aromatic and aliphatic poly(urea‐urethane)s were prepared by the one‐pot method using 2,4‐toluylene diisocyanate (TDI), isophorone diisocyanate, and 2(3‐isocyanatopropyl)cyclohexyl isocyanate as AA* monomers and diethanol amine and diisopropanol amine as B 2 B* monomers. The characteristics of the resulting polymers were very sensitive to slight changes in the reaction conditions, such as temperature, concentration, and type of catalyst used, as can be seen from the results of gel permeation chromatography and differential scanning calorimetry. The structures were analyzed in detail using 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopy. By using model compounds, the different isomeric structures of the TDI polymers were deduced, their percentages of their linear, terminal, and dendritic subunits were calculated, and their degree of branching (DB) was determined. DB values up to 70% were reached depending on the reaction conditions and stoichiometry of the monomers. The number of terminal groups decreased significantly when dibutylamine was used to stop the reaction instead of B 2 B*, indicating the presence of a significant number of unreacted isocyanate groups in the hyperbranched product when the polyaddition reaction was stopped. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 3062–3081, 2004
Application of AIM and MBPE Techniques to Accelerate Modeling of 3-D Doubly Periodic Structures with Nonorthogonal Lattices Composed of Bianisotropic Media (2014)

An efficient methodology is introduced for rapid analysis and design of three-dimensional (3-D) doubly periodic structures over a wide frequency range based on hybrid finite element boundary integral (FEBI) methods. The 3-D doubly periodic structures can be represented as nonorthogonal lattices composed of general inhomogeneous bianisotropic media with arbitrarily-shaped metallic patches. Based on Floquet theory and periodic boundary conditions, the original stated problem that involves infinite periodic structures can be converted into a single unit cell. Using the equivalence principle, the derived BI equation formulation is applied to the top and bottom surfaces of the unit cell, which results in a perfectly reflectionless boundary condition for the FE-based approach. Then, the unit cell was meshed using triangular prismatic volume elements, which provide a great deal of flexibility in modeling complex planar geometries with arbitrary shapes in the transverse direction. The adaptive integral method (AIM) was employed to accelerate the calculation of the matrix-vector product for the BI portion within the iterative solver. Furthermore, a model-based parameter estimation (MBPE) technique was proposed for the wide-band interpolation of the required impedance matrix elements in the BI part for near field components that were used in the AIM procedure. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed hybrid algorithms are demonstrated by the presented numerical results (e.g., in comparison with analytical solutions). Several simulation results are presented to illustrate the flexibility of the proposed methods for analysis of frequency selective surfaces with arbitrarily-shaped metallic patches, bianisotropic materials, and nonorthogonal lattice configurations.
Nucleophile-mediated oxa-Michael addition reactions of divinyl sulfone – a thiol-free option for step-growth polymerisations (2015)

The first example of an aa–bb-type nucleophile-mediated oxa-Michael addition polymerisation reaction is reported.
Evidence for CD4-enchanced Signaling through the Chemokine Receptor CCR5 (2003)

The chemokine receptor CCR5 is constitutively associated with the T cell co-receptor CD4 in plasma cell membranes, but the physiological role of this interaction has not been elucidated. Here we show that detergent-solubilized, purified CCR5 can directly associate with purified soluble fragments of the extracellular portion of CD4. We further demonstrate that the physical association of CCR5 and CD4 in membrane vesicles results in the formation of a receptor complex that exhibits macrophage inflammatory protein 1beta (MIP-1beta) binding properties that are distinct from CCR5. The affinity of the CD4-CCR5 complex for MIP-1beta was 3.5-fold lower than for CCR5, but the interaction of CD4 and CCR5 resulted in a receptor complex that exhibited enhanced G-protein signaling as compared with CCR5 alone. MIP-1beta-induced G-protein activation was further increased by simultaneous stimulation of CD4 with its natural agonist, interleukin-16. Thus, the physical association of CD4 and CCR5 results in receptor cross-talk with allosteric CD4-dependent regulation of the binding and signaling properties of CCR5. Although the precise physiological role of the CD4 effects on CCR5-mediated signaling remains unknown, one can speculate that the cross-talk is a component of mechanisms involved in the fine tuning of immune system cell responses.
Porcine induced pluripotent stem cells may bridge the gap between mouse and human iPS (2010)

Recently, three independent laboratories reported the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from pig (Sus scrofa). This finding sums to the growing list of species (mouse, human, monkey, and rat, in this order) for which successful reprogramming using exogenous factors has been achieved, and multiple others are possibly forthcoming. But apart from demonstrating the universality of the network identified by Shinya Yamanaka, what makes the porcine model so special? On one side, pigs are an agricultural commodity and have an easy and affordable maintenance compared with nonhuman primates that normally need to be imported. On the other side, resemblance (for example, size of organs) of porcine and human physiology is striking and because pigs are a regular source of food the ethical concerns that still remain in monkeys are not applicable. Besides, the prolonged lifespan of pigs compared with other domestic species can allow exhaustive follow up of side effects after transplantation. Porcine iPSCs may thus fill the gap between the mouse model, which due to its ease is preferred for mechanistic studies, and the first clinical trials using iPSCs in humans. However, although these studies are relevant and have created significant interest they face analogous problems that we discuss herein together with potential new directions.
Festphasen‐Synthese von Glycopeptidamiden unter milden Bedingungen: Morphiceptin‐Analoga (1990)

Membran‐Glycoproteine gehören zu den wichtigsten Verbindungen in der belebten Natur. Durch eine Festphasenmethode sind die Glycoproteinamide (Morphiceptin‐Analoga) 1 jetzt gut zugänglich geworden (Glycosyl ist Galacto‐ oder Glucopyranosyl). Bei der Abspaltung vom Träger bleibt die empfindliche glycosidische Bindung intakt. magnified image
Kindlin-2 regulates hemostasis by controlling endothelial cell–surface expression of ADP/AMP catabolic enzymes via a clathrin-dependent mechanism (2013)

Kindlin-2, a widely distributed cytoskeletal protein, has been implicated in integrin activation, and its absence is embryonically lethal in mice. In the present study, we tested whether hemostasis might be perturbed in kindlin-2(+/-) mice. Bleeding time and carotid artery occlusion time were significantly prolonged in kindlin-2(+/-) mice. Whereas plasma concentrations/activities of key coagulation/fibrinolytic proteins and platelet counts and aggregation were similar in wild-type and kindlin-2(+/-) mice, kindlin-2(+/-) endothelial cells (ECs) showed enhanced inhibition of platelet aggregation induced by adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP) or low concentrations of other agonists. Cell-surface expression of 2 enzymes involved in ADP/adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP) degradation, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) diphosphohydrolase (CD39) and ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73) were increased twofold to threefold on kindlin-2(+/-) ECs, leading to enhanced ATP/ADP catabolism and production of adenosine, an inhibitor of platelet aggregation. Trafficking of CD39 and CD73 at the EC surface was altered in kindlin-2(+/-) mice. Mechanistically, this was attributed to direct interaction of kindlin-2 with clathrin heavy chain, thereby controlling endocytosis and recycling of CD39 and CD73. The interaction of kindlin-2 with clathrin was independent of its integrin binding site but still dependent on a site within its F3 subdomain. Thus, kindlin-2 regulates trafficking of EC surface enzymes that control platelet responses and hemostasis.