gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
How adaptation, training, and customization contribute to benefits from exoskeleton assistance (2021)

Abstract Exoskeletons can enhance human mobility, but we still know little about why they are effective. For example, we do not know the relative importance of training, how much is required, or what type is most effective; how people adapt with the device; or the relative benefits of customizing assistance. We conducted experiments in which naïve users learned to walk with ankle exoskeletons under one of three training regimens characterized by different levels of variation in device behavior. Assistance was also customized for one group. Following moderate-variation training, the benefits of customized assistance were large; metabolic rate was reduced by 39% compared to walking with the exoskeleton turned off. Training contributed about half of this benefit and customization about one quarter; a generic controller reduced energy cost by 10% before training and 31% afterwards. Training required much more exposure than typical of exoskeleton studies, about 109 minutes of assisted walking. Type of training also had a strong effect; the low-variation group required twice as long as the moderate-variation group to become expert, while the high-variation group never acquired this level of expertise. Curiously, all users adapted in a way that resulted in less mechanical power from the exoskeleton as they gained expertise. Customizing assistance required less time than training for all parameters except peak torque magnitude, which grew slowly over the study, suggesting a longer time-scale adaptation in the person. These results underscore the importance of training to the benefits of exoskeleton assistance and suggest the topic deserves more attention.
Photodegradation of Azobenzene-Based Self-assembled Monolayers Characterized by In-Plane Birefringence (2011)

Azobenzene-based self-assembled monolayers (azo-SAMs) are photoactive and become orientationally ordered when illuminated with linearly polarized light (LPL), making them attractive as dynamic alignment layers in liquid crystal cells. Azo-SAMs, however, are chemically unstable when exposed to both air and light. We have characterized the photodegradation of a methyl red-based SAM by measuring with a high-sensitivity polarimeter the optical anisotropy induced by illumination with linearly polarized actinic light after the sample is irradiated with circularly polarized light (CPL) in air. The number of unbleached, photoactive molecules in the SAM decays exponentially with CPL exposure time, lowering the reorientation rate during photowriting with LPL. Azo-SAMs in an argon atmosphere, in contrast, are chemically stable and remain photoactive even after exposure to CPL.
ChemInform Abstract: Effect of Temperature on the Luminescence Properties of Ru(II)‐ Polypyridine Complexes. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Bayesian pattern recognition in optically degraded noisy images (2003)

We present a novel Bayesian method for pattern recognition in images affected by unknown optical degradations and additive noise. The method is based on a multiscale/multiorientation subband decomposition of both the matched filter (original object) and the degraded images. Using this image representation within the Bayesian framework, it is possible to make a coarse estimation of the unknown optical transfer function, which strongly simplifies the Bayesian estimation of the original pattern that most probably generated the observed image. The method has been implemented and compared to other previous methods through a realistic simulation. The images are degraded by different levels of both random (atmospheric turbulence) and deterministic (defocus) optical aberrations, as well as additive white Gaussian noise. The Bayesian method proved to be highly robust to both optical blur and noise, providing rates of correct responses significantly better than previous methods. © 2004
Developing a Superplastic Forming Capability in Nanometals (2005)

Exceptionally high superplastic ductilities may be achieved in metallic alloys when the microstructure consists of very small and reasonably equiaxed arrays of grains separated by grain boundaries having high angles of misorientation. It is now well established that processing through the application of severe plastic deformation provides the potential for achieving submicrometer or nanometer grain sizes in bulk solids, where these grain sizes are generally significantly lower than those attained using conventional thermomechanical processing. This paper describes the development of a superplastic forming capability in three different aluminum-based alloys by processing using the technique of equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) in which a material is subjected to a high imposed strain by pressing repetitively through a die. Processing by ECAP can be used to achieve superplastic ductilities in these alloys because precipitates are present within the matrix and they serve to retain the ultrafine grain sizes at elevated temperatures.
Complications of Recombinant Human BMP-2 for Treating Complex Tibial Plateau Fractures (2009)

Bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs) are potent osteoinductive agents. Their use in fracture surgery is still being studied and the clinical indications are evolving. Heterotopic bone after BMP use in spine surgery is a known complication. While some literature describes the ability of BMP to enhance fracture healing, few articles describe complications of BMP. In tibial plateau fractures, after elevating the cartilage en mass, a subchondral void may be created in these fractures. Structural support pro- vided by bone void-filling agents can be augmented with osteoinduction achieved by BMP. We asked whether het- erotopic bone formation would occur more frequently with BMP-2 when used in tibial plateau fractures and whether BMP-2 enhanced the ability to maintain surgically restored subchondral bone integrity. Heterotopic bone developed more frequently in patients receiving BMP (10 of 17) than in patients not receiving BMP (one of 23). Four patients receiving BMP and no patients not receiving BMP under- went removal of heterotopic bone. Maintenance of subchondral bone integrity was similar without and with the use of BMP. BMP is a potent osteoinductive agent; however, when used for an off-label indication in periar- ticular situations, complications such as heterotopic bone are common and increase reoperation rates. Level of Evidence: Level IV, therapeutic study. See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Particles Decorated by an Ionizable Thermoresponsive Polymer Brush in Water: Experiments and Self-Consistent Field Modeling (2014)

We have synthesized anionic multistimuli responsive core-shell polymer nanoparticles with low size dispersity composed of glassy poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) cores of ca. 40 nm radius and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) anionic brush-like shells with methacrylic acid comonomers. Using dynamic light scattering, we observed a volume phase transition upon an increase in temperature and this response was pH and ionic strength dependent. Already at room temperature we observed a pronounced polyelectrolyte effect, that is, a shift of the apparent pKa extracted from the degree of dissociation of the acids as a function of the pH. The multiresponsive behavior of the hydrophobic polyelectrolyte brush has been modeled using the Scheutjens-Fleer self-consistent field (SF-SCF) approach. Using a phenomenological relation between the Flory-Huggins χ parameter and the temperature, we confront the predicted change in the brush height with the observed change of the hydrodynamic radius and degree of dissociation and obtain estimates for the average chain lengths (number of Kuhn segments) of the corona chains, the grafting density and charge density distributions. The theory reveals a rich internal structure of the hydrophobic polyelectrolyte brush, especially near the collapse transition, where we find a microphase segregated structure. Considering this complexity, it is fair to state that the theoretical predictions follow the experimental data semiquantitatively, and it is attractive to attribute the observed disparity between theory and experiments to the unknown polydispersity of the chains, the unknown distribution of the charges, or other experimental complications. More likely, however, the deviations point to significant problems of the mean field theory, which focuses solely on the radial distributions and ignores the possibility of the formation of lateral (local) inhomogeneities in partially collapsed polyelectrolyte brushes. We argue that the PNIPAM brush at room temperature is already behaving nonideally.
RAELLA: Reforming the Arithmetic for Efficient, Low-Resolution, and Low-Loss Analog PIM: No Retraining Required! (2023)

Processing-In-Memory (PIM) accelerators have the potential to efficiently run Deep Neural Network (DNN) inference by reducing costly data movement and by using resistive RAM (ReRAM) for efficient analog compute. Unfortunately, overall PIM accelerator efficiency is limited by energy-intensive analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). Furthermore, existing accelerators that reduce ADC cost do so by changing DNN weights or by using low-resolution ADCs that reduce output fidelity. These strategies harm DNN accuracy and/or require costly DNN retraining to compensate.
"Does Anyone Know How to Get Good Answers?" How Social Network Questions Shape Replies (2013)

Social networking tools make it easy for people to ask questions of large groups of their personal acquaintances. In this article, we explore how the questions people ask of their social networks via status message updates shape the replies they receive. We present the results of a survey of 624 people, in which participants were asked to share the questions they have asked and answered of their online social networks. We observe interesting variations in how people ask natural, real-world questions that suggest that the effectiveness of a question posed to one’s social network could depend on who asks the question, when the question is asked, and how the question is phrased. To understand whether these factors actually do shape question replies, we conducted a controlled study in which 282 participants posted variants of the same question as their status message on Facebook. By analyzing the quantity, quality, and speed of the responses, we find that by controlling the time of day a question is posed and how the question is phrased, and by maintaining a strong network, a person can increase the likelihood of quickly receiving many high-quality answers.
On the influence of external force induced by the ultrasound probe on internal carotid artery elastography features (2020)

Carotid strain imaging aims to quantify the deformation and translation (motion) of the artery wall and plaque. Due to changes in boundary conditions, external manual forces may induce a bias in the estimation of carotid artery mechanical properties. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of the compression force induced by the ultrasound probe during scanning on measured mechanical properties. Nine volunteers underwent an elastography exam of their left internal carotid artery (LICA) using a custom made force feedback handles that allowed the sonographer to control the pressure applied by the probe on the skin. The force was first recorded during normal scanning, as per operator standard practice (SP). Then, predefined compression (PDC) forces were adjusted with sound feedback to randomly selected values between 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 Newton. Radiofrequency images were acquired and converted to B-mode for automated wall segmentation. Six carotid elastography features were assessed on upper and lower walls. Results indicated that the sonographer under SP scanned with a force of 6.4 ± 1.6 Newton. Statistically significant negative linear regressions were observed between the applied force and every elastography features on the upper wall, and with only the cumulated lateral translation on the lower wall. One way ANOVA showed that some features were significantly different between PDC versus SP. In summary, slightly negative linear influence of the applied pressure on elastography features was observed. The variation of all elastography features as a function of the probe pressure mainly affected upper wall measurements.
Fabrication of organic light-emitting devices comprising stacked light-emitting units by solution-based processes (2014)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Y. Pu, T. Chiba, K. Ideta, S. Takahashi, N. Aizawa, T. Hikichi, and J. Kido, "Fabrication of organic light-emitting devices comprising stacked light-emitting units by solution-based processes," in Light, Energy and the Environment, OSA Technical Digest (online) (Optica Publishing Group, 2014), paper DW5C.5. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Improvement of Sinapine Extraction from Mustard Seed Meal by Application of Emerging Technologies (2023)

Sinapine is a phenolic compound found in mustard (<i>Brassica juncea</i>) seed meal. It has numerous beneficial properties such as antitumor, neuroprotective, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective effects, making its extraction relevant. In this study, the extraction of sinapine was investigated using three methods: (i) from a mustard seed meal defatted by a supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> (SC-CO<sub>2</sub>) pretreatment, (ii) by the implementation of high-voltage electrical discharges (HVEDs), (iii) and by the use of ultrasound. The use of SC-CO<sub>2</sub> pretreatment resulted in a dual effect on the valorization of mustard seed meal, acting as a green solvent for oil recovery and increasing the yield of extracted sinapine by 24.4% compared to the control. The combination of ultrasound and SC-CO<sub>2</sub> pretreatment further increased the yield of sinapine by 32%. The optimal conditions for ultrasound-assisted extraction, determined through a response surface methodology, are a temperature of 75 °C, 70% ethanol, and 100% ultrasound amplitude, resulting in a sinapine yield of 6.90 ± 0.03 mg/g dry matter. In contrast, the application of HVEDs in the extraction process was not optimized, as it led to the degradation of sinapine even at low-energy inputs.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Targeting the Oligomerization Domain of ETO Interferes with RUNX1/ETO Oncogenic Activity in t(8;21)-Positive Leukemic Cells (2023)

Supplementary Figure 2 from Targeting the Oligomerization Domain of ETO Interferes with RUNX1/ETO Oncogenic Activity in t(8;21)-Positive Leukemic Cells
A natively paired antibody library yields drug leads with higher sensitivity and specificity than a randomly paired antibody library (2018)

Deep sequencing and single-chain variable fragment (scFv) yeast display methods are becoming more popular for discovery of therapeutic antibody candidates in mouse B cell repertoires. In this study, we compare a deep sequencing and scFv display method that retains native heavy and light chain pairing with a related method that randomly pairs heavy and light chain. We performed the studies in a humanized mouse, using interleukin 21 receptor (IL-21R) as a test immunogen. We identified 44 high-affinity binder scFv with the native pairing method and 100 high-affinity binder scFv with the random pairing method. 30% of the natively paired scFv binders were also discovered with the randomly paired method, and 13% of the randomly paired binders were also discovered with the natively paired method. Additionally, 33% of the scFv binders discovered only in the randomly paired library were initially present in the natively paired pre-sort library. Thus, a significant proportion of "randomly paired" scFv were actually natively paired. We synthesized and produced 46 of the candidates as full-length antibodies and subjected them to a panel of binding assays to characterize their therapeutic potential. 87% of the antibodies were verified as binding IL-21R by at least one assay. We found that antibodies with native light chains were more likely to bind IL-21R than antibodies with non-native light chains, suggesting a higher false positive rate for antibodies from the randomly paired library. Additionally, the randomly paired method failed to identify nearly half of the true natively paired binders, suggesting a higher false negative rate. We conclude that natively paired libraries have critical advantages in sensitivity and specificity for antibody discovery programs.
Abnormal Cytokine Production by Circulating Monocytes and Dendritic Cells of Myeloid Origin in ART-Treated HIV-1+ Patients Relates to CD4+ T-Cell Recovery and HCV Co-Infection (2007)

HIV-1 infection is associated with dysregulation of cytokine production by peripheral blood (PB) monocytes and dendritic cells (DC), but controversial results have been reported. We aimed to analyze the effect of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on the in vitro production of inflammatory cytokines by PB-stimulated monocytes and DC of myeloid origin -CD33(high+ ) myeloid DC (mDC) and CD33(+)/CD14(-/dim+)/CD16(high+) DC- from HIV-1+ patients and its relationship with CD4+ T-cell recovery and co-infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV). In vitro cytokine production was analyzed at the single cell level in 32 HIV-1+ patients, grouped according to the number of CD4+ T-cells/microl in PB (<200 CD4 versus >200 CD4). Patients were tested prior to therapy and at weeks +2, +4, +8, +12 and +52 after ART. Prior to ART, production of IL-6, TNF-alpha and IL-12 by mDC and of IL-8 and IL-12 by CD16+ DC was significantly increased among >200 CD4 patients. After one year of ART, increased production of IL-8 by monocytes, of TNF-alpha by mDC and of IL-1beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha by CD16+ DC was specifically observed among <200 CD4 HIV-1+ individuals showing a high recovery of PB CD4+ T-cell counts. In turn, we found that the significantly reduced percentage of IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-alpha-producing monocytes and of IL-6 and IL-8-producing mDC and CD16+ DC, as well as the significantly diminished mean amount of IL-6 produced per monocyte, mDC and CD16+ DC and of IL-12 produced per CD16+ DC observed at week +52 for the >200 CD4 patients, were related to the presence of co-infection with HCV. In summary, HIV-1+ individuals show abnormal production of inflammatory cytokines by PB-stimulated monocytes and DC of myeloid origin even after one year of ART, such abnormalities being associated with the degree of recovery of PB CD4+ T-cell counts in more immunocompromised patients and HCV co-infection in more immunocompetent HIV-1+ individuals.
Diode-pumped high-average power femtosecond fiber laser systems (1996)

The design constraints of fully diode-pumped high average power femtosecond erbium fiber laser systems are described. Average system output powers up to 260 mW are generated and pulse widths shorter than 400 fses are obtain.
Biomechanical Comparison of Anterolateral Plate, Lateral Plate, and Pedicle Screws-Rods for Enhancing Anterolateral Lumbar Interbody Cage Stabilization (2004)

Anterolateral or lateral lumbar plating increases stability significantly compared to stand-alone interbody cage fixation. These findings support anterolateral or lateral plate fixation as a potential clinical alternative to pedicle screws-rods in this role and may obviate the need for combined anterior and posterior approaches when spinal instability exists.
A competency framework in cardiothoracic surgery for training and revalidation — an international comparison (2011)

The conventional methods of education, certification and recertification in cardiothoracic surgery face a paradigm shift in line with recent innovations in diagnostics and therapeutics. The attributes of a competent clinician entail proficiency in knowledge, communication, teamwork, management, health advocacy, professionalism and technical skills. This article investigates the skills required for a cardiothoracic surgeon to be competent. The relevant practice of certification and recertification across various regions has also been explored. Validated and competency-based curricula should be designed to develop core competencies to successfully integrate them into practice. Challenges to the implementation of such curricula and potential solutions are explored. Patient safety remains the ultimate aim to ensure excellence of both competency and performance.
Immunopathologic Characterization of Typhlitis and Colitis in Juvenile HLA-B27 Transgenic Rats (1994)

Adult HLA-B27 transgenic rats carrying high copy numbers of human HLA-B27 and beta 2-microglobulin genes spontaneously develop spondyloarthropathy and enterocolitis comparable to human HLA-B27-associated disease. In this investigation, juvenile HLA-27 transgenic rats were utilized to study incipient immunopathologic events in HLA-B27-associated gastrointestinal inflammation. Flow cytometric analysis of peripheral lymphocytes demonstrated distinctive differences in HLA-B27 protein expression and prompted the division of these transgenic rodents into 2 groups: HLA-B27hi and HLA-B27lo. The HLA-B27hi group, which represented 60% of the rats (aged 8-12 weeks) had inflammation in the colon, anorectal junction and cecum but spared the small intestine. Inflammation coexisted with high levels of surface HLA-B27 expression by hematopoietically derived cells as determined by immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometric analysis of intestinal lymphocytes. Inflammation, which was most intense in the cecum and anorectal junction, was characterized by mixed cellular infiltrate, crypt hyperplasia, transepithelial migration of neutrophils and a reduction in goblet cells. T lymphocytes, particularly CD4+ T cells, predominated over other lymphocytes in the inflammatory infiltrate of the lamina propria. Conversely, no inflammation was evident at any level of the gastrointestinal tract in the HLA-B27lo group (8 weeks of age) which constituted 40% of the juvenile transgenic rats. These animals all expressed low level of HLA-B27 protein. Collectively, these data indicate that HLA-B27 protein expression increases dramatically from 8 to 12 weeks of age and that the level of protein expression and intestinal inflammation are interrelated. These associated gastrointestinal events occur during puberty and thus we speculate that the high level of protein expression may be hormonally mediated.
Anomaly Detection of Disconnects Using SSTDR and Variational Autoencoders (2022)

This article utilizes variational autoencoder (VAE) and spread spectrum time domain reflectometry (SSTDR) to detect, isolate, and characterize anomalous data (or faults) in a photovoltaic (PV) array. The goal is to learn the distribution of non-faulty input signals, inspect the reconstruction error of test signals, flag anomalies, and then locate or characterize the anomalous data using a predicted baseline rather than a fixed baseline that might be too rigid. The use of VAE handles imbalanced data better than other methods used for classification of PV faults because of its unsupervised nature. We consider only disconnects in this work, and our results show an overall accuracy of 96% for detecting true negatives (non-faulty data), a 99% true positive rate of detecting anomalies, 0.997 area under the ROC curve, 0.99 area under the precision-recall curve, and a maximum percentage absolute relative error of 0.40% in locating the faults on a 5-panel setup with a 59.13 m leader cable.
python-pillow/Pillow 8.0.1 (2020)

https://pillow.readthedocs.io/en/stable/releasenotes/8.0.1.html