gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A machine learning-based on-demand sweat glucose reporting platform (2022)

Diabetes is a chronic endocrine disease that occurs due to an imbalance in glucose levels and altering carbohydrate metabolism. It is a leading cause of morbidity, resulting in a reduced quality of life even in developed societies, primarily affected by a sedentary lifestyle and often leading to mortality. Keeping track of blood glucose levels noninvasively has been made possible due to diverse breakthroughs in wearable sensor technology coupled with holistic digital healthcare. Efficient glucose management has been revolutionized by the development of continuous glucose monitoring sensors and wearable, non/minimally invasive devices that measure glucose concentration by exploiting different physical principles, e.g., glucose oxidase, fluorescence, or skin dielectric properties, and provide real-time measurements every 1-5 min. This paper presents a highly novel and completely non-invasive sweat sensor platform technology that can measure and report glucose concentrations from passively expressed human eccrine sweat using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and affinity capture probe functionalized sensor surfaces. The sensor samples 1-5 µL of sweat from the wearer every 1-5 min and reports sweat glucose from a machine learning algorithm that samples the analytical reference values from the electrochemical sweat sensor. These values are then converted to continuous time-varying signals using the interpolation methodology. Supervised machine learning, the decision tree regression algorithm, shows the goodness of fit R<sup>2</sup> of 0.94 was achieved with an RMSE value of 0.1 mg/dL. The output of the model was tested on three human subject datasets. The results were able to capture the glucose progression trend correctly. Sweet sensor platform technology demonstrates a dynamic response over the physiological sweat glucose range of 1-4 mg/dL measured from 3 human subjects. The technology described in the manuscript shows promise for real-time biomarkers such as glucose reporting from passively expressed human eccrine sweat.
Low loss photopatternable matrix materials for LWIR-metamaterial applications (2011)

Transparent matrix materials with low-loss and low-permittivity are an important component of integrated optical devices including filters, lenses, and novel metamaterials. Many of the structural matrix materials that are currently utilized at visible and near-infrared wavelengths, such as solution deposited, high-k dielectrics and commercial photoresists, exhibit vibrational absorption bands in the 8–12 μm spectral range which represents a significant challenge to developing transmissive, three-dimensional (3D) metamaterials operating in the long wavelength infrared (LWIR) spectral region. In this paper, we present new, low loss photopatternable polymer dielectrics as well-suited matrix materials for fabricating LWIR-metamaterials. These materials are synthesized by partially hydrogenating polynorbornene to varying degrees followed by a thiol-ene coupling reaction to cross-link the remaining olefin groups. After cross-linking, the olefin LWIR-absorption band is minimized and the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the material increases. Thick layers of the polymer (>3 μm), which acts as a negative photoresist, can be deposited easily using a spin coating technique to develop planarizing layers with photopatternable vias. A demonstration on the low loss nature of the polymer dielectrics was carried out by incorporating the polymer into an all-dielectric, infrared metamaterial. Thus, the material is ideal for both lithography and fabrication of 3D metamaterial structures operating in the LWIR spectral region.
Dynamic Network Quantization for Efficient Video Inference (2021)

Deep convolutional networks have recently achieved great success in video recognition, yet their practical realization remains a challenge due to the large amount of computational resources required to achieve robust recognition. Motivated by the effectiveness of quantization for boosting efficiency, in this paper, we propose a dynamic network quantization framework, that selects optimal precision for each frame conditioned on the input for efficient video recognition. Specifically, given a video clip, we train a very lightweight network in parallel with the recognition network, to produce a dynamic policy indicating which numerical precision to be used per frame in recognizing videos. We train both networks effectively using standard backpropagation with a loss to achieve both competitive performance and resource efficiency required for video recognition. Extensive experiments on four challenging diverse benchmark datasets demonstrate that our proposed approach provides significant savings in computation and memory usage while outperforming the existing state-of-the-art methods.
In vivo activation of quiescent B cells by anti-immunoglobulin. I. Induction of latent VH allotype production in adult rabbits by treatment with heterologous antibodies or antibody fragments. (1987)

We demonstrated previously that injection of adult rabbits with homologous anti-VHa1 allotype antibody induces the appearance in serum of genetically unexpected (latent) a1 immunoglobulin (Ig) and a1-like internal images. We have now investigated the mechanism for this induction effect and have found that treatment of animals with polyclonal goat or monoclonal mouse anti-a1 antibody similarly results in production of unexpected a1 determinants. The N-terminal amino acid sequences of deblocked heavy chains showed that latent a1 Ig induced by monoclonal antibody treatment was identical to nominal a1 Ig at 18 of 19 residues, with the one amino acid difference at position 13 probably due to a single nucleotide change. Like nominal a1, these molecules expressed multiple VHa1 framework epitopes, as demonstrated by direct immunoelectron microscopic visualization of immune complexes. Whereas F(ab)'2 fragments of rabbit anti-a1 antibody retained inducing activity, F(ab) fragments were effective only when administered in an aggregated form; this result suggests that cross-linking of surface Ig receptors plays a critical role in the induction process. We conclude that all rabbits contain dormant B cells expressing germ-line-encoded latent allotypes, and that in vivo administration of anti-Ig antibody causes activation of these cells directly rather than through perturbation of an allotype regulatory network.
Method for solid-liquid separations (2023)

Devices, systems, and methods are disclosed to separate solids from liquids. A vessel includes a screw, an inlet, a first outlet, and a second outlet. The inlet receives a first slurry having an incoming solids concentration. The first slurry consists of solids and a contact liquid. The first outlet is disposed toward the first end of the vessel. The second outlet is disposed toward a second end of the vessel. The screw preferentially conveys the solids over the contact liquid towards the second end of the vessel, the solids displacing at least a portion of the contact liquid, causing that portion of the contact liquid to flow toward the first outlet. A melting device is included.
New syntheses of biliverdins, corroles and azaporphyrins from 1,19-dibromo-ac-biladiene salts (1994)

Treatment of the readily available, 1,19 dibromo-ac-biladiene dihydrobromide salts 3 with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in presence of a catalytic amount of toluene-p-sulfonic acid affords symmetrical and unsymmetrical biliverdins 4 in excellent yield; unsymmetrically substituted 1,19 dibromo-ac-biladiene dihydrobromide 3c was prepared in a stepwise fashion via a tripyrrin salt. Under appropriate reaction conditions, the ac-biladiene dihydrobromides were also converted in modest yields into the corroles 5 and the azaporphyrins 6.
Recurrent TET2 mutations in adult T cell leukemia (ATL) and identification of a Single Nucleotide polymorphism in TET2 region predisposing to ATL development (2015)

Deregulation of DNA methylation, such as inactivation of the Ten-Eleven Translocation 2 (TET2) gene by haplo-insufficiency, has been recently identified in malignant hematologic diseases. Inactivating mutations of TET2 were first described in myeloid disorders and more recently in peripheral T-cell lymphomas especially those that are harboring T follicular helper features like angio-immunoblastic T cell lymphoma. In order to determine new oncogenic pathways in Adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), we investigated the presence of TET2 coding sequence mutations and their clinical relevance in a retrospective cohort of 66 ATL patients. We identified mono allelic inactivating mutations of TET2 gene in 12 patients of 66 analyzed (18%). Of the 51 patients with aggressive forms (acute and lymphoma), 11 (22%) had TET2 mutations while only one (7%) of the 12 patients with indolent forms had a TET2 mutation. Of the 12 mutated patients, 8 showed the same recurrent point mutation known as a Single Nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), which creates a frameshift resulting in the introduction of premature stop codon in one allele and lead to haplo-insufficiency. We have characterized this SNP and demonstrated that the mutated gene encodes for a truncated form of Tet2 that is no longer catalytically active. We then addressed whether this mutation could predispose to ATL development by sequencing the TET2 SNP region in 50 HTLV-1 carriers from French Guyana matching the African or French Caribbean origins of the patients. We found that the percentage of the mutation in this control population was around 4%, which is similar to that of the African population and is three fold less than in our ATL cohort. This finding suggests that this mutation could be a predisposal factor for developing an ATL. In conclusion, we have showed that TET2 mutations are frequently associated with ATL, notably the aggressive forms, and that a TET2 SNP may predispose to ATL development.
Supplementary Figure 2 from CpG Island Methylator Phenotype–Positive Tumors in the Absence of <i>MLH1</i> Methylation Constitute a Distinct Subset of Duodenal Adenocarcinomas and Are Associated with Poor Prognosis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 342K, Distributions of MSI, CIMP and MLH1 methylation in 99 patients with duodenal adenocarcinomas.&lt;/p&gt;
Introducing bioflocculation boundaries in process control to enhance effluent quality of high‐rate contact‐stabilization systems (2022)

High-rate activated sludge (HRAS) systems suffer from high variability of effluent quality, clarifier performance, and carbon capture. This study proposed a novel control approach using bioflocculation boundaries for wasting control strategy to enhance effluent quality and stability while still meeting carbon capture goals. The bioflocculation boundaries were developed based on the oxygen uptake rate (OUR) ratio between contactor and stabilizer (feast/famine) in a high-rate contact stabilization (CS) system and this OUR ratio was used to manipulate the wasting setpoint. Increased oxidation of carbon or decreased wasting was applied when OUR ratio was <0.52 or >0.95 to overcome bioflocculation limitation and maintain effluent quality. When no bioflocculation limitations (OUR ratio within 0.52-0.95) were detected, carbon capture was maximized. The proposed control concept was shown for a fully automated OUR-based control system as well as for a simplified version based on direct waste flow control. For both cases, significant improvements in effluent suspended solids level and stability (<50-mg TSS/L), solids capture over the clarifier (>90%), and COD capture (median of 32%) were achieved. This study shows how one can overcome the process instability of current HRAS systems and provide a path to achieve more reliable outcomes. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Online bioflocculation boundaries (upper and lower limit) were defined by the OUR ratio between contactor and stabilizer (feast/famine). To maintain effluent quality, carbon oxidation was minimized when bioflocculation was not limited (0.52-0.95 OUR ratio) and increased otherwise. A fully automated control concept was piloted, also a more simplified semiautomated option was proposed. Wasting control strategies with bioflocculation boundaries improved effluent quality while meeting carbon capture goals. Bioflocculation boundaries are easily applied to current wasting control schemes applied to HRAS systems (i.e., MLSS, SRT, and OUR controls).
The Use of Physical Activity Surveys to predict Wrist Bone Mineral Density (2013)

Bone is a dynamic tissue that constantly changes throughout lifetime, remodeling to adapt to its hormonal and mechanical environment.  This study was conducted to determine: (1) if the results from physical activity surveys can be used to predict how the radius of the wrist will respond to mechanical force or loading, and (2) if a wrist-specific activity survey more closely related to radius bone mineral density (BMD) and content (BMC) than a whole body survey.  We hypothesized that physical activity will have a positive effect on initial wrist BMD and BMC.  The BMD and BMC of the radius of the non-dominant hand was measured by quantitative computed tomography (QCT) at baseline and following a 28-week loading intervention.  Twenty-three women (age= 22) completed two validated surveys: bone loading history questionnaire (BLHQ) and bone-specific physical activity questionnaire (BPAQ).  The BPAQ and BLHQ activities were weighted based on ground reaction force data. To create a wrist-specific version, we chose only those activities that would load the upper extremity.  We compared each survey to the subjects' BMD and BMC at baseline and to the change in BMD and BMC after the loading intervention.  Both the complete and wrist versions of BPAQ predicted baseline BMD and BMC (r= 0.632 and r= 0.603, respectively).  However, BMC and BMD after the loading intervention was inversely related to BPAQ and wrist-BPAQ (r= -0.502 and r= -0.599, respectively). This may be due to the amount of loading not being effective enough, because the bone may have already adapted to a certain amount of loading force from previous activity.  This supports our hypothesis that the BPAQ score is a predictor of radius BMD and BMC.  However, a wrist-specific version of the BPAQ is not more closely related to wrist BMD than the whole-body version.
Group 11 Metal Complexes of the Mesocyclic Thioether Aminophosphonites [‐OC10H6(μ‐S)C10H6O‐]PNC4H8E (E = O, NMe) (2006)

Abstract Group 11 metal complexes of the mesocyclic thioether aminophosphonites [‐OC 10 H 6 (μ‐S)C 10 H 6 O‐]PNC 4 H 8 E { 2a : E = O; 2b : E = NMe; IUPAC names: 4‐(dinaphtho[2,1‐ d :1′,2′‐ g ][1,3,6,2]dioxathiaphosphocin‐4‐yl)morpholine ( 2a ), 1‐(dinaphtho[2,1‐ d :1′,2′‐ g ][1,3,6,2]dioxathiaphosphocin‐4‐yl)‐4‐methylpiperazine ( 2b )} are reported. Thioether aminophosphonites 2a and 2b react with CuX (X = Cl, Br, and I) in a 1:1 molar ratio to give the tricoordinate, dimeric complexes [{[{‐OC 10 H 6 (μ‐S)C 10 H 6 O‐}PNC 4 H 8 E‐κ P ]Cu(μ‐X)} 2 ] ( 4a : E = O, X = Cl; 4b : E = NMe, X = Cl; 5a : E = O, X = Br; 5b : E = NMe, X = Br; 6a : E = O, X = I; 6b : E = NMe, X = I), whereas with 2:1 molar ratios monomeric complexes of the type[{[‐OC 10 H 6 (μ‐S)C 10 H 6 O‐]PNC 4 H 8 O‐κ P } 2 CuX] ( 7a : E = O, X = Cl; 7b : E = NMe, X = Cl; 8a : E = O, X = Br; 8b : E = NMe, X = Br; 9a : E = O, X = I; 9b : E = NMe, X = I) are obtained in excellent yield. The P,S‐chelated cationic complexes[{[‐OC 10 H 6 (μ‐S)C 10 H 6 O‐]PNC 4 H 8 E‐κ P ,κ S } 2 Cu]BF 4 ( 10a : E = O; 10b : E = NMe) are obtained when 2a and 2b are treated with half an equivalent of [(MeCN) 4 Cu]BF 4 . Similarly, thesilver complexes [{[{‐OC 10 H 6 (μ‐S)C 10 H 6 O‐}PNC 4 H 8 E‐κ P ,κ S ]AgCF 3 SO 3 } 2 ] ( 11a : E = O: 11b : E = NMe) and [{[‐OC 10 H 6 (μ‐S)C 10 H 6 O‐]PNC 4 H 8 E‐κ P ,κ S }Ag(PPh 3 )]CF 3 SO 3 ( 12a : E = O; 12b : E = NMe) are synthesized by the treatment of thioether aminophosphonites 2a and 2b with AgOTf and [Ag(PPh 3 )][OTf], respectively. Reactions of 2a and 2b with [AuCl(SMe 2 )] produce the simple monomeric gold(I) complexes [{[‐OC 10 H 6 (μ‐S)C 10 H 6 O‐]PNC 4 H 8 E‐κ P }AuCl] ( 13a : E = O; 13b : E = NMe). The iodo derivatives [{[‐OC 10 H 6 (μ‐S)C 10 H 6 O‐]PNC 4 H 8 E‐κ P }AuI] ( 14a : E = O; 14b : E = NMe) are obtained by the halide‐exchange reaction of 13a and 13b with CuI at room temperature. The structures of complexes 5a , 7a , 8a , 13a , 13b , and 14a are confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies. In all of these complexes, the sulfur atom in the mesocyclic ring shows coordinative interaction towards the phosphorus atom, and in 5a , 7a , 8a , and 14a towards the metal center as well. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structure‐Activity Relationship Studies of a Series of 5‐Aryl‐4,6‐dithianonanedioic Acids and Related Compounds: A Novel Class of Leukotriene Antagonists. (1987)

Abstract Dithiaalkanedioic acids such as (IV), (V) and (VII) are prepared, starting with the alkynes (I) and the aromatic aldehydes (VI) respectively.
Chemistry Space Metrics in Diversity Analysis, Library Design, and Compound Selection (1998)

DiverseSolutions software was used to generate a "universal" chemistry space that can be used as a standard for profiling most structural sets of interest. A nonlinear method for assigning structures to bins within chemistry space descriptors was developed. This allows the use of chemistry spaces scaled to include all structures within a set, while maintaining a reasonable distribution of structures within bins and providing target percentage cell occupancies. The universal chemistry space and nonlinear binning method were validated using random structures extracted from the Beilstein database. The approach was then used, in conjunction with other diversity analyses, for diverse subset selection and comparison of compound collections.
A Methodology for Experimental and 3-D Computational Radiation Transport Assessments of Pu-Be Neutron Sources (2007)

Plutonium-beryllium (Pu-Be) sources can be used as didactic source materials for special nuclear materials (SNM) detection evaluation protocols. Since limited specific information exists for many of the Pu-Be sources currently in service, before using a Pu-Be source for field studies, the leakage radiation of neutrons and gamma rays from the source must be fully assessed. Most Pu-Be sources have an outer stainless steel jacket and an inner tantalum jacket, with the Pu-Be homogeneously distributed throughout the inner jacket. To fully characterize the net leakage terms from our Pu-Be source, we applied three-dimensional radiation transport computations, including Monte Carlo (MCNP5) and deterministic (PENTRAN) methodologies. The transport model for our Pu-Be capsule is based on limited schematic and technical data. To define the decay history and resulting source spectrum, exothermic [alpha-neutron (α,n)] reactions are modeled using OrigenArp in the SCALE5 package. For transport modeling purposes, the intermetallic Pu-Be compound was treated as an intimate mixture of plutonium and beryllium, based on the manufacturer’s mass specifications. The net capsule leakage was derived using transport computations, and an iterative estimation of plutonium age was performed. Computational results for net leakage are in agreement with the manufacturer’s specification of neutron yield and dose rate. We also combined computational results with experimental measurement data to fully validate our computational methods. We have successfully achieved agreement between computational and experimental data for our Pu-Be source leakage, and we are using the results at the Florida Institute of Nuclear Detection and Security to evaluate a prototype SNM neutron detector array for parcel screening and national security applications.
Onboarding and Software Update Architecture for IoT Devices (2019)

The vast number of in-use Internet of Things (IoT) devices is by consensus, expected to continue rapid growth. These devices are subject to an expanding list of attacks that exploit both software vulnerabilities and design choices. This highlights the importance of architectural design of management for cryptographic keys involved in both initial configuration (onboarding) and secure, automatic update of device software and firmware. Low-level IoT devices with constrained processors and smaller registers and caches are computationally challenged to carry out desktop- and server-type public-key cryptographic operations, e.g., as needed for key establishment and authentication of software updates. To this end, we design and prototype an architecture for onboarding and secure software update of low-level IoT devices (8-bit). It uses elliptic curve cryptography (Curve25519), authenticated key establishment, and a known continuity-based key-locking mechanism that uses a public key embedded in a current software image to verify the signature on a software update. We also provide an informal security analysis. The design addresses the scenario of a transfer of update authority, e.g., when a manufacturer ceases to provide ongoing software updates upon going out of business.
Pyranopterin Related Dithiolene Molybdenum Complexes as Homogeneous Catalysts for CO2 Photoreduction (2018)

Abstract Two original dithiolenes, with a pyrazine ring fused with a pyran ring carrying the dithiolene chelate, mimicking molybdopterin (MPT) present in the active site of formate dehydrogenases (FDHs), have been synthesized. The first one mimicks MPT in the dihydropyrazine form while the second mimicks MPT in the more biologically relevant tetrahydropyrazine form. Both have been structurally characterized as a ligand within a cobalt(cyclopentadienyl)(dithiolene) complex. The corresponding MoO(dithiolene) 2 complexes have been also prepared and are reported as the first functional and stable catalysts inspired by the Mo center of FDHs so far: they indeed catalyze the photoreduction of CO 2 into formic acid, as the major product, and carbon monoxide, achieving more than 100 turnover numbers in about 8 h.
Genome-scale analysis identifies paralog lethality as a vulnerability of chromosome 1p loss in cancer (2018)

Functional redundancy shared by paralog genes may afford protection against genetic perturbations, but it can also result in genetic vulnerabilities due to mutual interdependency1-5. Here, we surveyed genome-scale short hairpin RNA and CRISPR screening data on hundreds of cancer cell lines and identified MAGOH and MAGOHB, core members of the splicing-dependent exon junction complex, as top-ranked paralog dependencies6-8. MAGOHB is the top gene dependency in cells with hemizygous MAGOH deletion, a pervasive genetic event that frequently occurs due to chromosome 1p loss. Inhibition of MAGOHB in a MAGOH-deleted context compromises viability by globally perturbing alternative splicing and RNA surveillance. Dependency on IPO13, an importin-β receptor that mediates nuclear import of the MAGOH/B-Y14 heterodimer9, is highly correlated with dependency on both MAGOH and MAGOHB. Both MAGOHB and IPO13 represent dependencies in murine xenografts with hemizygous MAGOH deletion. Our results identify MAGOH and MAGOHB as reciprocal paralog dependencies across cancer types and suggest a rationale for targeting the MAGOHB-IPO13 axis in cancers with chromosome 1p deletion.