gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oxygen Tension Regulates Chondrocyte Differentiation and Function during Endochondral Ossification (2006)

Cartilage functions at a lower oxygen tension than most other tissues. To determine the role of oxygen tension in chondrocyte differentiation and function, we investigated the influence of oxygen tension in the pluripotent mesenchymal cell line C3H10T1/2 and 14.5E mice embryo forelimb organ culture. 10T1/2 cells and embryo forelimbs were cultured under normoxia (20% O2) or hypoxia (5% O2) in the presence of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2. To elucidate the mechanism by which oxygen tension influences chondrocyte differentiation, the Smad pathway was examined using Smad6 overexpression adenovirus and Smad6 transgenic mice embryo forelimbs. The p38 MAPK pathway was examined using dominant-negative MKK3 and FR167653, a specific p38 MAPK inhibitor. The transcriptional activities of Sox9 and Runx2 were also investigated. Hypoxia promoted bone morphogenetic protein 2-induced glycosaminoglycan production and suppressed alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralization of C3H10T1/2. Thus, hypoxia promoted chondrocytic commitment rather than osteoblastic differentiation. In the mice embryo forelimb organ culture, hypoxia increased cartilaginous matrix synthesis. These effects were primarily mediated by p38 MAPK activation, independent of Sox9. Hypoxia inhibited Col10a1 (type X collagen alpha1) expression via down-regulation of Runx2 activity by Smad suppression and histone deacetylase 4 activation. In conclusion, hypoxia promotes chondrocytic differentiation and cartilage matrix synthesis and suppresses terminal chondrocyte differentiation. These hypoxia-induced phenomena may act on chondrocytes to enhance and preserve their phenotype and function during chondrocyte differentiation and endochondral ossification.
Perforin and IFN-gamma are involved in the antitumor effects of antibody-targeted superantigens. (1998)

The bacterial superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) is a potent inducer of cytokine production and cytotoxic T cell responses. To target a T cell attack against tumor cells we have genetically engineered a fusion protein of SEA and the Fab part of the tumor-reactive mAb C215. Injection of this Fab-SEA fusion protein to mice carrying lung metastases of the poorly immunogenic B16 melanoma transfected with the C215 Ag resulted in infiltration of cytokine-producing T cells, perforin-containing CTL, and a marked tumor elimination. Fab-SEA therapy induced substantial levels of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha in serum. In the present study we have characterized the molecular mechanisms of the antitumor effect induced by Fab-SEA treatment in vivo. Neutralization of cytokines by specific Abs demonstrated a major role for IFN-gamma in the suppression of tumor growth. In addition, a minor contribution of TNF-alpha was recorded. Injections of Fab-SEA into normal mice induced strong CTL activity but failed to promote cytotoxic function in perforin knockout mice. Also, a markedly reduced therapy was noted in perforin knockout mice, implicating a role for CTL in Fab-SEA-mediated tumor eradication. The data suggest that Fab-SEA-targeted T cells may suppress tumor growth by both perforin-dependent cytotoxicity and local release of cytokines such as IFN-gamma. The latter mechanism may have an important role in cytostatic effects against Ag-negative bystander tumor cells.
Induction of Robust Immune Responses in Swine by Using a Cocktail of Adenovirus-Vectored African Swine Fever Virus Antigens (2016)

The African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes a fatal hemorrhagic disease in domestic swine, and at present no treatment or vaccine is available. Natural and gene-deleted, live attenuated strains protect against closely related virulent strains; however, they are yet to be deployed and evaluated in the field to rule out chronic persistence and a potential for reversion to virulence. Previous studies suggest that antibodies play a role in protection, but induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) could be the key to complete protection. Hence, generation of an efficacious subunit vaccine depends on identification of CTL targets along with a suitable delivery method that will elicit effector CTLs capable of eliminating ASFV-infected host cells and confer long-term protection. To this end, we evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of an adenovirus-vectored ASFV (Ad-ASFV) multiantigen cocktail formulated in two different adjuvants and at two immunizing doses in swine. Immunization with the cocktail rapidly induced unprecedented ASFV antigen-specific antibody and cellular immune responses against all of the antigens. The robust antibody responses underwent rapid isotype switching within 1 week postpriming, steadily increased over a 2-month period, and underwent rapid recall upon boost. Importantly, the primed antibodies strongly recognized the parental ASFV (Georgia 2007/1) by indirect fluorescence antibody (IFA) assay and Western blotting. Significant antigen-specific gamma interferon-positive (IFN-γ<sup>+</sup>) responses were detected postpriming and postboosting. Furthermore, this study is the first to demonstrate induction of ASFV antigen-specific CTL responses in commercial swine using Ad-ASFV multiantigens. The relevance of the induced immune responses in regard to protection needs to be evaluated in a challenge study.
<title>Emission spectra of laser-produced plasmas for EUV and soft x-ray sources</title> (2004)

The plasma emission of tin, aluminum and cupper targets irradiated with laser intensities ranging from 10<sup>11</sup> to 10<sup>16</sup> W/cm<sup>2</sup> has been measured beween 7nm and 18 nm. A chirped pulse amplified Ti:Sapphire laser oscillating at 790- nm with either 100 fs or 300 ps pulse duration and a Nd:YAG laser oscillating at 1064 nm with 10 ns pulse duration (fwhm) have been used. The observed plasma emission was strongest for the 300 ps laser pulse irradiation, which might be due to the additional laser plasma heating during plasma formation.
Harmonic Analysis of Time Variations Observed in the Solar Radio Flux Measured at 810 MHz from 1957 to 2004 (2006)

Long-running measurements of the solar radio flux density at 810 MHz were processed. Based on the least-squares method and using modified periodograms and an iterative technique of fitting and subtracting sinusoids in the time domain, frequency, amplitude, and phase characteristics of any analyzed time series were obtained. Solar cycles 20, 21, and 22 and shorter segments around solar minima and maxima were examined separately. Also, dynamic studies with 405, 810, and 1620 day windows were undertaken. The harmonic representations obtained for all these time series indicate large differences among solar cycles and their segments. We show that the solar radio flux at 810 MHz violates the Gnevyshev-Ohl rule for the pair of cycles 22-23. Analyzing the period 1957-2004, the following spectral periods longer than 1350 days were detected: 10.6, 8.0, 28.0, 5.3, 55.0, 3.9, 6.0, 4.4, and 14.6 yr. For spectral periods between 270 and 1350 days the 11 yr cycle is not recognized. We think that these harmonics form ``impulses of activity'' or a quasi-biennial cycle defined in the Benevolenskaya model of the ``double magnetic cycle.'' The value of about 0.09 is proposed for the interaction parameter (between the low- and high-frequency components) of this model. We confirm the intermittent behavior of the periodicity near 155 days. Correlation coefficients between the radio emission at 810 MHz and sunspot numbers, as well as the radio emission at 2800 MHz calculated for 540 day intervals, depend on the solar cycle phase.
An evolution towards System-on-Chip oriented curriculum (2011)

Systems on chip (SoCs) as well as network on chip (NoCs) are becoming pervasive technologies that are used at a wide scale in of computer, communications and consumer electronics applications. The pervasiveness and high performance of such devices places demands and challenges on educating students on ECE (electrical and computer engineering) programs to be able to design SoCs and incorporate them in various systems. An evolving curriculum that addresses the various hardware and software knowledge and skills will help meet the demand for designers of SoC devices. This paper proposes this evolving curriculum that spans the undergraduate as well as the graduate levels. Some aspects of the curriculum have been successfully implemented. A description of those courses that have been implemented as well as those planned is covered in the paper.
Pruning Training Sets for Learning of Object Categories (2005)

Training datasets for learning of object categories are often contaminated or imperfect. We explore an approach to automatically identify examples that are noisy or troublesome for learning and exclude them from the training set. The problem is relevant to learning in semi-supervised or unsupervised setting, as well as to learning when the training data is contaminated with wrongly labeled examples or when correctly labeled, but hard to learn examples, are present. We propose a fully automatic mechanism for noise cleaning, called 'data pruning' and demonstrate its success on learning of human faces. It is not assumed that the data or the noise can be modeled or that additional training examples are available. Our experiments show that data pruning can improve on generalization performance for algorithms with various robustness to noise. It outperforms methods with regularization properties and is superior to commonly applied aggregation methods, such as bagging.
Towards an Artificial-Intelligence-Based Optical Scintillometer: Scaling Issue (2022)

Atmospheric turbulence strength (Cn2 parameter) sensing based on processing of intensity scintillation patterns with deep neural network (DNN) is considered. It is shown that DNN re-training with propagation distance change can be avoided by scaling of Cn2 values obtained using a DNN trained for a nominal distance L0 . The required Cn2 scaling factor can be obtained using either an analytical expression derived from the Kolmogorov turbulence theory (theory-based scaling), or through wave-optics numerical modeling and simulations (M&amp;S-based scaling).
Fast integral equation solvers on multi-GPU computer systems (2013)

We present fast electromagnetic integral equations methods implemented on computer systems with single and multiple Graphics Processing Units (GPUs). The efficiency of the presented computational tools derives from the efficient methods for the problem descritization, methods for rapidly computing the electromagnetic fields, and efficient implementations of these methods on GPUs.
TriDepth: Triangular Patch-Based Deep Depth Prediction (2019)

We propose a novel and efficient representation for single-view depth estimation using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). Point-cloud is generally used for CNN-based 3D scene reconstruction; however it has some drawbacks: (1) it is redundant as a representation for planar surfaces, and (2) no spatial relationships between points are available (e.g, texture and surface). As a more efficient representation, we introduce a triangular-patch-cloud, which represents the surface of the 3D structure using a set of triangular patches, and propose a CNN framework for its 3D structure estimation. In our framework, we create it by separating all the faces in a 2D mesh, which are determined adaptively from the input image, and estimate depths and normals of all the faces. Using a common RGBD-dataset, we show that our representation has a better or comparable performance than the existing point-cloud-based methods, although it has much less parameters.
Reducing replication bandwidth for distributed document databases (2015)

With the rise of large-scale, Web-based applications, users are increasingly adopting a new class of document-oriented database management systems (DBMSs) that allow for rapid prototyping while also achieving scalable performance. Like for other distributed storage systems, replication is important for document DBMSs in order to guarantee availability. The network bandwidth required to keep replicas synchronized is expensive and is often a performance bottleneck. As such, there is a strong need to reduce the replication bandwidth, especially for geo-replication scenarios where wide-area network (WAN) bandwidth is limited.
Functional PPO2 mutations: co‐occurrence in one plant or the same ppo2 allele of herbicide‐resistant Amaranthus palmeri in the US mid‐south (2020)

Resistance to PPO inhibitors is widespread across the Mid-southern USA. Highly resistant field populations have plants with multiple mutations. G399A is the most prone to co-occur with other ppo2 mutations in the same allele. Mutation at R128 in the configuration of the PPO2 catalytic domain restrains the co-occurrence of R128G with ΔG210, making ΔG210 + G399A the most plausible, tolerable functional mutation combination to co-occur in the same ppo2 allele.
High-throughput time-stretch microscopy with morphological and chemical specificity (2016)

Particle analysis is an effective method in analytical chemistry for sizing and counting microparticles such as emulsions, colloids, and biological cells. However, conventional methods for particle analysis, which fall into two extreme categories, have severe limitations. Sieving and Coulter counting are capable of analyzing particles with high throughput, but due to their lack of detailed information such as morphological and chemical characteristics, they can only provide statistical results with low specificity. On the other hand, CCD or CMOS image sensors can be used to analyze individual microparticles with high content, but due to their slow charge download, the frame rate (hence, the throughput) is significantly limited. Here by integrating a time-stretch optical microscope with a three-color fluorescent analyzer on top of an inertial-focusing microfluidic device, we demonstrate an optofluidic particle analyzer with a sub-micrometer spatial resolution down to 780 nm and a high throughput of 10,000 particles/s. In addition to its morphological specificity, the particle analyzer provides chemical specificity to identify chemical expressions of particles via fluorescence detection. Our results indicate that we can identify different species of microparticles with high specificity without sacrificing throughput. Our method holds promise for high-precision statistical particle analysis in chemical industry and pharmaceutics.
Mean effective gain of antennas in a wireless channel (2009)

The mean effective gain (MEG) is one of the most important parameters for the characterisation of antennas in wireless channels. An analysis of some fundamental properties of the MEG is provided and corresponding physical interpretations are given. Three points are analysed in detail: (i) closed-form expressions for MEG in a mixed environment with both stochastic and deterministic components are provided, showing that the MEG can be written as a sum of gains for the deterministic and stochastic components, (ii) it is shown that under some assumptions, the propagation channel and the antenna are equivalent in the sense that the impact of the channel cross-polarisation ratio (XPR) and the antenna effective cross-polar discrimination on the MEG are symmetrical, (iii) based on the fact that MEG depends on random variables, such as the XPR and antenna rotations because of user&apos;s movements, the average, the minimum and maximum MEG of antennas are defined, respectively. Finally, the maximum effective gain of antennas is derived and shown that it is bounded by 4πηrad, where ηrad is the radiation efficiency of the antenna.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Chk2 Phosphorylation of Survivin-ΔEx3 Contributes to a DNA Damage–Sensing Checkpoint in Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 21K, Pull down experiments. Recombinant GST, GST-survivin (SVV) or GST-survivin-DeltaEx3 was incubated with LN229 total cell extracts (TCE) and bound proteins were analyzed with an antibody to Chk2 (A) or Hsp60 (B) by Western blotting. Recombinant proteins used for the pull down experiments were stained with Coomassie blue (bottom panels).&lt;/p&gt;
Optimal Design of Permanent Magnet Bearings with Application to the HeartQuest Ventricular Assist Device (2003)

Closed-form design equations for magnetic bearings are desirable for design optimization of sophisticated electrical mechanical systems such as artificial hearts. We develop asymptotic approximations to force and stiffness characteristics of magnetic bearings formed from concentric permanent magnet rings having rectangular cross sections. The equations are well adapted to spreadsheets and facilitate an efficient numerical optimization process. The method was applied to the development of the HeartQuestTM VAD (ventricular assist device), which achieved remarkable compactness and stable operation.
One step ahead quadratic receding horizon distributed control of multiagent formations (2007)

A one step ahead optimization based quadratic receding horizon control of autonomous agents is proposed. Each agent is modeled as a double integrator. The goal is to force the agents to converge to a formation specified by a set of linear algebraic constraints. We specifically extend our earlier work that involved trajectories in which velocity and position constraints are independently specified. In this paper we seek to widen this class of trajectories to settings where the underlying constraints involve position and velocity interdependence. We characterize the class of such trajectories that can be stably attained and maintained by one step ahead optimization based quadratic receding horizon control. As in our earlier work we only define a geometric topology for the agent formation, and by correctly choosing the cost function, show that our algorithm produces a communication topology mirroring the geometric topology. By providing some redundancy in the formation topology it is possible for the system to survive the loss of an agent. Other attractions of the scheme are scalability, the requirement of only local knowledge of the desired formation topology and ease of reconfiguration in the face of loss of agents and/or channels.
Brain P450 epoxygenase activity is required for the antinociceptive effects of improgan, a nonopioid analgesic (2011)

The search for the mechanism of action of improgan (a nonopioid analgesic) led to the recent discovery of CC12, a compound that blocks improgan antinociception. Because CC12 is a cytochrome P450 inhibitor, and brain P450 mechanisms were recently shown to be required in opioid analgesic signaling, pharmacological and transgenic studies were performed in rodents to test the hypothesis that improgan antinociception requires brain P450 epoxygenase activity. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of the P450 inhibitors miconazole and fluconazole, and the arachidonic acid (AA) epoxygenase inhibitor N-methylsulfonyl-6-(2-propargyloxyphenyl)hexanamide (MS-PPOH) potently inhibited improgan antinociception in rats at doses that were inactive alone. MW06-25, a new P450 inhibitor that combines chemical features of CC12 and miconazole, also potently blocked improgan antinociception. Although miconazole and CC12 were weakly active at opioid and histamine H(3) receptors, MW06-25 showed no activity at these sites, yet retained potent P450-inhibiting properties. The P450 hypothesis was also tested in Cpr(low) mice, a viable knock-in model with dramatically reduced brain P450 activity. Improgan (145 nmol, i.c.v.) antinociception was reduced by 37% to 59% in Cpr(low) mice, as compared with control mice. Moreover, CC12 pretreatment (200 nmol, i.c.v.) abolished improgan action (70% to 91%) in control mice, but had no significant effect in Cpr(low) mice. Thus, improgan's activation of bulbospinal nonopioid analgesic circuits requires brain P450 epoxygenase activity. A model is proposed in which (1) improgan activates an unknown receptor to trigger downstream P450 activity, and (2) brainstem epoxygenase activity is a point of convergence for opioid and nonopioid analgesic signaling.
Challenges and Exit Strategies for Adapting Interactive Online Education Amid the Pandemic and its Aftermath (2021)

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a catastrophic effect on education across the world. The biggest compulsory disruption in the history of education has been caused by COVID-19, which is affecting about 1.6 billion students across 190 countries on all continents. This pandemic has forced a shift from traditional face-to-face class-based systems to online teaching and learning. Educational institutions are tackling unprecedented challenges to resume education. Many of them have already started education in partial (online) or blended (online and limited on campus) mode. In this article, we discuss the challenges faced by educational institutions, teachers, and students in resuming the teaching and learning process and the preventive measures taken to mitigate the current deteriorating situation. We analyze the overall institutional setup of re-opening the learning process from the perspectives of technology and logistics (smart educational tools), teachers' initiatives, teachers' competence, and the support (mental, financial, technological, etc.) provided to students. In order to continue with institutional education, we present strategies to exit from the worst situation during the pandemic. The results of this study can guide educational institutions, teachers, and students to take the necessary measures against disasters (earthquakes, tsunamis, COVID-19, etc.) and to continue educational activities both during the pandemic and in the post-pandemic period. The outcomes of this study can also help researchers and developers to create new technologies to deal with unprecedented situations to continue learning.
Formation and electrical characterization of black lipid membranes in porous filter materials (2017)

Black lipid membranes (BLMs) are planar lipid bilayers that can be formed in porous supports such as filters. A BLM as a biomimetic membrane has important applications in, for instance, biosensing and drug-permeability assays. In the present study, BLMs were formed in the pores of three different filters to investigate their ability to support the formation of a high-quality lipid bilayer. Poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), poly(acrylonitrile) (PAN), and polypropylene/polyethylene (PP/PE) filters were utilized as filter supports, and the bilayer formation was monitored in situ by capacitance measurements. The maximum capacitance was obtained for PVDF (5.34 μF · cm−2) versus PP/PE and PAN (2.95 and 0.91 μF · cm−2, respectively). Additionally, BLM leakage current measurements by wave deviation provided consistent results. Thickness and compactness of the bilayers were evaluated using pore forming protein (ClyA) insertion. The results show that PVDF with the highest porosity level was the most suitable support for BLM formation. The optimal thickness for the BLM in PVDF was 3–5 nm, where the most efficient protein insertion took place, in comparison with other filters.