gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of glucose�insulin�potassium infusion on mortality in critically ill patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2009)

Fifty years' worth of published evidence has inferred benefits of glucose–insulin–potassium (GIK) infusion to critically ill patients. We sought to measure the treatment effect of GIK infusion on mortality in critically ill patients.
Redox-Linked Structural Changes in Ribonucleotide Reductase (2009)

Ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) catalyzes the reduction of ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides. Class I RNRs are composed of two homodimeric proteins, α2 and β2. The class Ia E. coli β2 contains dinuclear, antiferromagnetically coupled iron centers and one tyrosyl free radical, Y122•/β2. Y122• acts as a radical initiator in catalysis. Redox-linked conformational changes may accompany Y122 oxidation and provide local control of proton-coupled electron transfer reactions. To test for such redox-linked structural changes, FT-IR spectroscopy was employed in this work. Reaction-induced difference spectra, associated with the reduction of Y122• by hydroxyurea, were acquired from natural abundance, [superscript 2]H[subscript 4] tyrosine, and [superscript 15]N tyrosine labeled β2 samples. Isotopic labeling led to the assignment of a 1514 cm[superscript −1] band to the υ19a ring stretching vibration of Y122 and of a 1498 cm[superscript −1] band to the υ7a CO stretching vibration of Y122•. The reaction-induced spectra also exhibited amide I bands, at 1661 and 1652 cm[superscript −1]. A similar set of amide I bands, with frequencies of 1675 and 1651 cm[superscript −1], was observed when Y• was generated by photolysis in a pentapeptide, which matched the primary sequence surrounding Y122. This result suggests that reduction of Y122• is linked with structural changes at nearby amide bonds and that this perturbation is mediated by the primary sequence. To explain these data, we propose that a structural perturbation of the amide bond is driven by redox-linked electrostatic changes in the tyrosyl radical aromatic ring.
A35 Translational and Rotational Slippage Detection Using the Triaxial Force Tactile Sensor (2005)

In this study, the triaxial force tactile sensor, which has 12 sensor elements that can detect vertical force and shear force, was proposed. Here we produced prototype sensor five times larger than those to be used in practice. The sensor elements detect vertical force and shear force as changes in electric resistance on a strain gauge. The measuring accuracy of the sensor element is 5.0%RO in the X and Y axes direction and 2.0%RO in the Z axis direction. Then, the output algorithm that can distinguish and detect translational and rotational slippage was created. Translational and rotational slippages were distinguished by the direction of vector of shear force that acts on each sensor element Translational slippage was detected by the movement of center of pressure, and rotational slippage was detected by evaluating the principal axis of inertia of a contact pattern. Effectiveness of the output algorithm was shown by experiments.
Optical Transmitter and Receiver of 24-GHz Ultra-Wideband Signal by Direct Photonic Conversion Techniques (2006)

To overcome the scarcity of available radio frequency (RF) resource, ultra-wideband (UWB) attracts its attention as one of next generation high-speed radio communication technologies because UWB systems can share the RF band with existing conventional narrowband radio systems. If such UWB signal can be delivered through optical networks without distance limitation, various standalone UWB applications can be networked widely and become available anywhere on demand. In this paper, novel optical transmitter and receiver of millimeter-wave UWB signal are proposed with direct photonic conversion techniques. We experimentally demonstrate the optical detection and regeneration, after 3-m-long transmitted in the air, of the optically generated 24 GHz UWB with the bandwidth of 46 Hz at the data rate of 250 Mb/s
Effect of Consumption of Cocoa-Derived Products on Uric Acid Crystallization in Urine of Healthy Volunteers (2018)

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of consumption of different cocoa-derived products on uric acid crystallization in urine of 20 healthy volunteers. Participants were requested to select the specific diet that they wished to follow during the 12 h prior to collection of urine. The only restriction was that the diet could not include any product with cocoa, coffee, or caffeine. On the first day, each volunteer followed their selected diet, and an overnight 12 h urine sample was collected as the baseline urine. After seven days on an unrestricted diet, each volunteer repeated the same diet with 20 g of milk chocolate, chocolate powder, or dark chocolate during breakfast and another 20 g during dinner. Overnight 12 h urine samples were then collected. Urine volume, pH, oxalate, creatinine, uric acid, theobromine, and a uric acid crystallization test were determined for each sample. The results for all 20 patients show that uric acid crystallization was significantly lower following the consumption of chocolate powder or dark chocolate relative to baseline or following the consumption of milk chocolate. The results indicated that increased concentrations of urinary theobromine reduced the risk of uric acid crystallization.
Coordination Behavior of O2 and CO in a Solid Film Consisting of Hemoglobin and Maltose (1995)

Abstract Solid hemoglobin (Hb) films were prepared by casting from a mixed solution of human hemoglobin and maltose (wt ratio of Hb/maltose is 60/40). The behavior of O2 and CO in coordinating to Hb in the films was then observed. The coordination equilibrium constants of both ligands were smaller by about an order of magnitude, and the rate constants (kon and koff) were smaller by about 13 orders of magnitude, than those of aqueous solutions of Hb. Interestingly, O2 and CO saturation was limited to 52% and 86%, respectively, under a partial pressure of 760 Torr (1 Torr = 133.322 Pa) of each gas, in spite of the one-to-one ligand binding ratio in aqueous solutions. This is due to the restraint of the structural change from a tense to a relaxed state in the solid phase. The limited saturation of the coordination in the solid phase was found to increase to 100% when a small amount (5.9%) of water was added; a significant structural change from the tense to the relaxed states followed.
ALD-enabled hermetic sealing for polymer-based wafer level packaging of MEMS (2010)

Polymer-based packaging of micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS) can substantially reduce the processing temperature (>300°C), package size, and cost. In this paper, we demonstrated the feasibility of atomic layer deposition (ALD) enabled hermetic polymer packaging for MEMS applications using ALD on semi-polymer package and ALD on polymer package. We reported the hermeticity test results of ALD on semi-polymer package and a wafer-level packaging process developed for ALD on polymer package.
Analogues of Fenarimol Are Potent Inhibitors of Trypanosoma cruzi and Are Efficacious in a Murine Model of Chagas Disease (2012)

We report the discovery of nontoxic fungicide fenarimol (1) as an inhibitor of Trypanosoma cruzi ( T. cruzi ), the causative agent of Chagas disease, and the results of structure-activity investigations leading to potent analogues with low nM IC(50)s in a T. cruzi whole cell in vitro assay. Lead compounds suppressed blood parasitemia to virtually undetectable levels after once daily oral dosing in mouse models of T. cruzi infection. Compounds are chemically tractable, allowing rapid optimization of target biological activity and drug characteristics. Chemical and biological studies undertaken in the development of the fenarimol series toward the goal of delivering a new drug candidate for Chagas disease are reported.
Endothelialization of Acellular Porcine ECM with Chemical Modification (2012)

Vascularization remains a critical requirement for the long term survival of engineered tissue constructs, especially thick ones. Such thick constructs for cardiac tissue engineering has been reported by our group and others based on decellularized porcine cardiac extracellular matrix (pcECM) that has been shown to resemble the native tissue both structurally and chemically. The network of inherent vasculature, which was largely retained within our pcECM, can be used as primers for re-endothelialization and neo-vascularization with regenerative cells. Endothelial cells alone, seeded onto the ECM, not only attached and survived but also rearranged into typical confluent monolayer with self-alignment. Sequential co-cultures of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) were shown to support the growth of both lineages on the surface and in the vasculature of reseeded pcECM. After ECM treatment with gelatin or fibronectin, cell proliferation increased significantly for both MSCs and HUVECs. Preliminary results showed that future efforts combining co-culture, treated scaffolds and dynamic culture environment may result in re-endothelialization leading to functional blood vessels in thick engineered tissue for partial cardiac replacement therapy.
Distinct local immunogenic stimuli dictate differential requirements for CD4+and CD8+T cell subsets in the pathogenesis of spontaneous autoimmune diabetes (2007)

The strong MHC class II association in human as well as murine Type 1 diabetes (T1D) suggests a central role for CD4+T cells in the disease pathogenesis. Nonetheless, CD8+T cells also play a role in the pathogenic process. We describe how CD4+ or CD8+T cells can contribute differentially to the pathogenesis of T1D using the HLA-DQ8 transgenic mouse models. HLA-DQ8 transgenic mice expressing the costimulatory molecule, B7.1 (RIP.B7.1), or the proinflammatory cytokine, TNF-alpha (RIP.TNF) or both (RIP.B7.RIP.TNF) under the control of rat insulin promoter (RIP) were used. Our observations indicate that in the RIP-B7 model, CD4+T cells were absolutely required for diabetes to occur. However, when CD8+ T cells were also present, the incidence of diabetes increased. On the other hand, in the RIP-TNF model, CD8+T cells were absolutely required for diabetes to occur. Interestingly, when CD4+T cells were also present, the incidence of diabetes decreased. In the RIP-B7.RIP-TNF double transgenic mouse model, either CD4+ or CD8+T cells were sufficient to precipitate diabetes in 100% of the animals. Thus, the relative roles of CD4+ or CD8+T cells in the pathogenesis of T1D are possibly determined by the local inflammatory stimuli.
Struktur eines chiralen Lithium‐azaenolats: monomeres, intramolekular chelatisiertes Lithio‐2‐acetylnaphthalin‐SAMP‐hydrazon (1988)

Tiefere Einblicke in die Struktur des 1‐Azaallyl‐Anions eines SAMP‐hydrazons eröffnet die erste Röntgenstrukturanalyse eines chiralen, monomeren Azaenolats. In den rubinroten Kristallen von 1 , dem lithiierten 2‐Acetylnaphthalin‐SAMP‐hydrazon, liegt eine η1‐N‐Struktur mit intramolekularer Methoxychelatisierung und Solvatisierung des Lithium‐Ions durch zwei THF‐Moleküle vor. magnified image
Reinforcement Learning with Partial Parametric Model Knowledge (2023)

We adapt reinforcement learning (RL) methods for continuous control to bridge the gap between complete ignorance and perfect knowledge of the environment. Our method, Partial Knowledge Least Squares Policy Iteration (PLSPI), takes inspiration from both model-free RL and model-based control. It uses incomplete information from a partial model and retains RL's data-driven adaption towards optimal performance. The linear quadratic regulator provides a case study; numerical experiments demonstrate the effectiveness and resulting benefits of the proposed method.
ChemInform Abstract: New Class of Potent Ligands for the Human Peripheral Cannabinoid Receptor. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Fluorous (2016)

In the past, aggregation and self-assembly have been associated principally with micellar and colloidal systems of molecules; however, with the advent of supramolecular chemistry, molecular self-assembly has been opened to a much wider understanding that has facilitated access to a variety of different shapes and sizes, along with the construction of new and fascinating molecular topologies. This document aims at defining more than 150 terms related to aggregation and self-assembly in the particular case of macromolecules. The list is restricted to the most commonly encountered terms.
Fragment sur l'histoire générale (2003)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
A comparison of discrete and continuous hidden Markov models for phrase spotting in text images (2002)

In spotting for phrases in text images, speed and accuracy are important considerations. In a hidden Markov model (HMM) based spotter recognition time is dominated by the time required to compute the state conditional observation probabilities. These probabilities are a measure of how well the data match each state in the model. In this paper discrete and continuous hidden Markov models are compared based on speed and accuracy in spotting for phrases in text images. For the discrete HMM, vector quantization is used to associate each continuous feature vector with a discrete value. For the continuous HMMs, the observation distributions for the feature vectors are modeled by either a single Gaussian, or a mixture of two Gaussians. Comparisons were made on a subset of the UW English Document Image Database I. The best accuracy was observed when a mixture of two Gaussians was used in the continuous HMM. The discrete HMM provides for faster spotting particularly when long phrases are used.
Limiting factors in peripheral spatial vision (1993)

Spatial vision is severely degraded in the retinal periphery. Visual resolution, detection thresholds and positional judgments are all impaired. Several factors might limit spatial vision in the periphery: these include: increased optical and neural blur; reduced contrast sensitivity; shifts in “spatial scale”; spatial undersampling and increased positional uncertainty. By studying detection and position discrimination under a wide range of conditions including: low contrast, Gaussian blur, bandlimited masking, segmentation and Gaussian jitter, it is possible to estimate how each of these factors interact to limit peripheral spatial vision. Our studies suggest that at least two key factors operate to limit spatial vision in the periphery: i) a shift in spatial scale, which accounts for alterations in detection thresholds with increasing eccentricity, and ii) increases in the uncertainty of the position labels of the underlying spatial filters, which result in increased positional uncertainty with increasing eccentricity. The relationship between these factors, and plausible underlying anatomical and physiological mechanisms will be discussed.
Design and Implementation of the Ensemble Remultiplexer for DMB Service Based on Eureka-147 (2004)

A new transmission system is necessary for the Digital Multimedia Broadcasting (DMB) service in Korea. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a new architecture for the implementation of a DMB transmission system based on Eureka-147. We describe the design and implementation of the Ensemble remultiplexer, which is essential to the proposed system for remultiplexing ETI frames and MPEG-2 transport streams. The proposed system provides a solution with high flexibility and low cost for multimedia broadcasting service. The functions of this transmission system have been verified by using our DMB receiver and other related systems.
Quantitative comparison of IHC staining from An Image Analysis Resource for Cancer Research: PIIP—Pathology Image Informatics Platform for Visualization, Analysis, and Management (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Description of a use case to illistrate workflow with Sedeen Viewer&lt;/p&gt;
Telomere length in breast cancer patients before and after chemotherapy with or without stem cell transplantation (2001)

High-dose chemotherapy and peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) may accelerate telomere length loss in haematopoietic stem cells. As data including pre-and post-treatment samples are lacking, we studied leukocyte telomere length and telomerase activity before and after treatment in breast cancer patients randomized to receive 5 adjuvant courses FEC (5-FU, epirubicin and cyclophosphamide) (n = 17), or 4 x FEC followed by high-dose cyclophosphamide, thiotepa, carboplatin and autologous PBSCT (n = 16). Haemoglobin, MCV, leukocyte-and platelet numbers were assessed prior to (t(0)), 5 months after (t(1)) and 9 months after chemotherapy (t(2)); these parameters were decreased at t(1)and t(2)compared to t(0)(high-dose: all parameters; standard-dose: leukocytes and platelets), and all parameters were lower after high-dose than standard-dose treatment at t(1). Paired individual leukocyte samples of t(0)and t(1)showed telomere length change (determined by telomere restricted fragment (TRF) assay) ranging from +0.8 to -2.2 kb, with a decreased TRF length in 9 patients of both groups. Telomerase activity (determined by TRAP assay) was below detection limit in leukocyte samples of t(0)and t(1). Thus, standard-and high-dose chemotherapy negatively affect haematological reconstitution in this setting. In individual patients, telomere length can be remarkably changed following haematological proliferative stress after treatment.
Combustible ionic liquids by design: is laboratory safety another ionic liquid myth? (2006)

The non-flammability of ionic liquids (ILs) is often highlighted as a safety advantage of ILs over volatile organic compounds (VOCs), but the fact that many ILs are not flammable themselves does not mean that they are safe to use near fire and/or heat sources; a large group of ILs (including commercially available ILs) are combustible due to the nature of their positive heats of formation, oxygen content, and decomposition products.
Multimedia imaging detectors operating on gas-solid-state ionization principles (1998)

The engineering design of a novel imaging detector, operating on gaseous solid-state ionization principles for slot-scan imaging radiation in two dimensions, is presented. The detector has two basic functional components: a noble gas filled detector volume operating on gas microstrip principles and a solid-state detector volume. An experimental arrangement has been established, where incident X-rays spend part of their energy in a xenon gas detector volume, and the other part through interactions with the solid-state detector volume, producing charge pairs in both cases. An applied electric field imparts a constant drift velocity to these charges, driving them toward their respective signal collectors. The detected signal and noise contributions were measured and related to the X-ray tube setting parameters within the diagnostic energy range at 1 and 2 atm (atmospheres) of xenon. Preliminary experimental results indicate that the test detector exhibits a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and linear response. The research imaging detector system allows one to investigate methods to improve the detection and imaging performance parameters as part of the development of a slot scanned dual-energy digital radiographic system.
The Laminin Receptor and Basement Membrane Dissolution: Role in Tumour Metastasis (1984)

Tumour invasion and metastasis is a complex process involving multiple interactions of tumour cells with host cellular and extracellular elements. Metastasizing tumour cells traverse basement membranes at many stages in the metastatic cascade. Immunohistology studies demonstrate that the basement membranes are defective in all human malignant epithelial neoplasms studied to date. The basement membrane is absent in regions of microinvasion and adjacent to actively invading tumour cells. In contrast, benign neoplasms retain a continuous basement membrane. This distinction may have diagnostic value in surgical pathology. Tumour cells are hypothesized to traverse basement membranes by a three-step process: attachment, local degradation of the basement membrane by type IV collagenase and other proteases, and locomotion. The first step may be mediated in part by specific cell surface receptors which bind to laminin in the basement membrane. The laminin receptor has been purified from a series of different human carcinomas. The receptor has an Mr of 67 000 and a binding coefficient of 2 nM. The content of unoccupied receptors is markedly augmented in invasive human breast cancer compared to benign controls.
Chip-Level Performance Maximization Using ASIS (Application-Specific Interconnect Structure) Wiring Design Concept for 45 nm CMOS Generation (2007)

A novel interconnect design concept named (Appilication-specific Interconnect Structure) is presented for 45 nm CMOS performance maximization. Basic scheme of ASIS is that corresponding to applications, such as high-performance, low-power, or high reliability, interconnect structure as well as metal thickness is individually optimized in order to maximize chip-level performance matched to the application. Our investigation shows that for low-power application, the increased resistivity of scaled-down Cu-wire is not a main issue, so that thinner wire is more advantageous. For high-performance application, partially double pitch structure for local and intermediate layers is advantageous. For high-reliability requirement, Cu-Al alloy or CoWP cap-metal is quite effective for boosting reliability.
Gate-level characterization (2010)

Gate-level characterization (GLC) is the process of characterizing each gate of an integrated circuit (IC) in terms of its physical and manifestation properties. It is a key step in the IC applications regarding cryptography, security, and digital rights management. However, GLC is challenging due to the existence of manufacturing variability (MV) and the strong correlations among some gates in the circuit. We propose a new solution for GLC by using thermal conditioning techniques. In particular, we apply thermal control on the process of GLC, which breaks the correlations by imposing extra variations concerning gate level leakage power. The scaling factors of all the gates can be characterized by solving a system of linear equations using linear programming (LP). Based on the obtained gate level scaling factors, we demonstrate an application of GLC, hardware Trojan horse (HTH) detection, by using constraint manipulation. We evaluate our approach of GLC and HTH detection on several ISCAS85/89 benchmarks. The simulation results show that our thermally conditioned GLC approach is capable of characterizing all the gates with an average error less than the measurement error, and we can detect HTHs with 100% accuracy on a target circuit.
The Role Of The Field Extrapolation Technique In Obtaining A Linear Relationship Between Intraventricular Admittance And Volume (2005)

The intracardiac impedance technique was developed to continuously measure the ventricular volume of the heart. Major problems were the nonlinear relationship between impedance volume (V ) and true volume (V), the lack of an accepted calibration procedure and poor sigial to noise ratio in dilated hearts. The Impedance (2) values were obtained from three different numerical models of the heart and from physical models using conductive agar containers to simulate the heart wall. Plotting the obtained Z as a function of the distance (d) between the sense rings and the current sources and extrapolating its value to l/d = 0, we obtained a linear relationship between V, and V with offset volumes of 5.8% of the maximum volume (Vmax) and a two fold increase in the sensitivity of V, to V.