gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Solid-state diffusion as an efficient doping method for silicon nanowires and nanowire field effect transistors (2010)

In this work we investigate doping by solid-state diffusion from a doped oxide layer, obtained by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), as a means for selectively doping silicon nanowires (NWs). We demonstrate both n-type (phosphorous) and p-type (boron) doping up to concentrations of 10(20) cm(-3), and find that this doping mechanism is more efficient for NWs as opposed to planar substrates. We observe no diameter dependence in the range of 25 to 80 nm, which signifies that the NWs are uniformly doped. The drive-in temperature (800-950 °C) can be used to adjust the actual doping concentration in the range 2 × 10(18) to 10(20) cm(-3). Furthermore, we have fabricated NMOS and PMOS devices to show the versatility of this approach and the possibility of achieving segmented doping of NWs. The devices show high I(on)/I(off) ratios of around 10(7) and, especially for the PMOS, good saturation behavior and low hysteresis.
Free-electron-light interactions in nanophotonics (2022)

When impinging on optical structures or passing in their vicinity, free electrons can spontaneously emit electromagnetic radiation, a phenomenon generally known as cathodoluminescence. Free-electron radiation comes in many guises: Cherenkov, transition, and Smith-Purcell radiation, but also electron scintillation, commonly referred to as incoherent cathodoluminescence. While those effects have been at the heart of many fundamental discoveries and technological developments in high-energy physics in the past century, their recent demonstration in photonic and nanophotonic systems has attracted a lot of attention. Those developments arose from predictions that exploit nanophotonics for novel radiation regimes, now becoming accessible thanks to advances in nanofabrication. In general, the proper design of nanophotonic structures can enable shaping, control, and enhancement of free-electron radiation, for any of the above-mentioned effects. Free-electron radiation in nanophotonics opens the way to promising applications, such as widely-tunable integrated light sources from x-ray to THz frequencies, miniaturized particle accelerators, and highly sensitive high-energy particle detectors. Here, we review the emerging field of free-electron radiation in nanophotonics. We first present a general, unified framework to describe free-electron light-matter interaction in arbitrary nanophotonic systems. We then show how this framework sheds light on the physical underpinnings of many methods in the field used to control and enhance free-electron radiation. Namely, the framework points to the central role played by the photonic eigenmodes in controlling the output properties of free-electron radiation (e.g., frequency, directionality, and polarization). [... see full abstract in paper]
Supplemental Figure 3 from The Novel Glutamine Antagonist Prodrug JHU395 Has Antitumor Activity in Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure 3: Ex vivo JHU395 vs vehicle treated tumor histological analyses and plasma glutamine from non-tumored mice&lt;/p&gt;
Demonstration of a Long-Reach DWDM-PON for Consolidation of Metro and Access Networks (2007)

We demonstrate a bidirectional long-reach 64-channel dense wavelength division multiplexing passive optical network (DWDM-PON) based on wavelength-locked Fabry-Peacuterot laser diodes (F-P LDs) with 50-GHz channel spacing. The mode control of the F-P LDs enhances the output power and decreases the required injection power. Packet-loss-free transmission in both 64 upstream and 64 downstream channels is obtained, guaranteeing more than 100 Mb/s per channel through 70 km of single mode fiber without the need for an optical amplifier. The demonstrated DWDM-PON can consolidate a metro network into an access network by bypassing the central offices within its reach. The capacity of the long-reach DWDM-PON is also discussed
TREM2- and DAP12-Dependent Activation of PI3K Requires DAP10 and Is Inhibited by SHIP1 (2010)

The activation and fusion of macrophages and of osteoclasts require the adaptor molecule DNAX-activating protein of 12 kD (DAP12), which contains immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs). TREM2 (triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-2) is the main DAP12-associated receptor in osteoclasts and, similar to DAP12 deficiency, loss of TREM2 in humans leads to Nasu-Hakola disease, which is characterized by bone cysts and dementia. Furthermore, in vitro experiments have shown that deficiency in DAP12 or TREM2 leads to impaired osteoclast development and the formation of mononuclear osteoclasts. Here, we demonstrate that the ligation of TREM2 activated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (ERK1) and ERK2, and the guanine nucleotide exchange factor Vav3; induced the mobilization of intracellular calcium (Ca(2+)) and the reorganization of actin; and prevented apoptosis. The signaling adaptor molecule DAP10 played a key role in the TREM2- and DAP12-dependent recruitment of PI3K to the signaling complex. Src homology 2 (SH2) domain-containing inositol phosphatase-1 (SHIP1) inhibited TREM2- and DAP12-induced signaling by binding to DAP12 in an SH2 domain-dependent manner and preventing the recruitment of PI3K to DAP12. These results demonstrate a previously uncharacterized interaction of SHIP1 with DAP12 that functionally limits TREM2- and DAP12-dependent signaling and identify a mechanism through which SHIP1 regulates key ITAM-containing receptors by directly blocking the binding and activation of PI3K.
ChemInform Abstract: ELECTRONIC AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF VARIABLE‐SPIN METAL COMPLEXES. SPIN STATE DEPENDENT CRYSTAL AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURES OF (FEIII(5‐OCH3SALMEEN)2)PF6 (S = 5/2), (FEIII(3‐OCH3SALMEEN)2)PF6 (S = 1/2), AND (FEIII(5‐NO2SALMEEN)2)PF6 (S = 1/2) (1981)

Abstract Die Strukturdaten der drei sechsfachkoordinierten 3d5‐Komplexe (I) werden ermittelt und die Spin‐Zustand/Struktur‐Beziehung diskutiert.
Free space optical transmission of FM audio/video signals using InGaAs modulating retro-reflectors (2010)

We report on the free space optical transmission of FM audio/video signals using a 6.3mm diameter InGaAs modulating retro-reflector.
ChemInform Abstract: The Newer Synthetic Strategies for DNA Binding Pyrrolobenzodiazepine Antibiotics (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Performance evaluation of interior permanent magnet synchronous machines using deadbeat-direct torque flux control in an indirect matrix converter with a reactor free boost converter (2012)

This paper discusses the performance of an interior permanent magnet synchronous machine by using deadbeat-direct torque flux control (DB-DTFC) in a hybrid power circuit structure, which consists of an indirect matrix converter (IMC) and a reactor free boost converter (RFBC). The first section of this paper documents the performance of DB-DTFC when carrier comparison PWM and space vector modulation (SVM) are used as modulation techniques. Corresponding Volt-sec solutions for each modulation technique are shown via simulation and experiments. The second section discusses DB-DTFC properties in the proposed IMC/RFBC circuit. The results demonstrate that DB-DTFC is capable of delivering fast dynamic torque response in one sample period even when (i) variable switching frequency is applied in the inverter of the IMC and (ii) DC offset current occurs in the output current of the IMC.
Wave Control and Holography with Time Transformations (2016)

Because time and space play a similar role in wave propagation, wave control can be achieved or by manipulating spatial boundaries or by manipulating time boundaries. Here we emphasize the role of time boundaries manipulation. We show that sudden changes of the medium properties generate instant wave sources that emerge instantaneously from the entire wavefield and can be used to control wavefield and to revisit the holographic principles.
Intrusion–extrusion spring performance of –COK-14 zeolite enhanced by structural changes (2016)

-COK-14 zeolite, the variant of COK-14 (OKO topology) with a systematically interrupted framework, exhibits unusual behaviour in high pressure intrusion-extrusion cycles of 20 M LiCl solution. After the first cycle with deviating behaviour and partially irreversible intrusion, subsequent cycles show stable reversible behaviour. The system behaves like a spring with unique progressive intrusion in the range of 10-120 MPa followed by enhanced uptake before saturation. While the intrusion-extrusion cycling leads to fragmented crystals, powder diffraction reveals high crystallinity of the fragments. Based on the detailed characterisation of the zeolite samples with XRD, Rietveld refinement, N2 adsorption, TGA and (29)Si MAS NMR before and after intrusion-extrusion experiments, a model of the structure of the intruded -COK-14 samples is proposed. Intrusion-extrusion of LiCl solution systematically breaks the most strained bonds in the structure which results in a new framework connectivity with enhanced stability, which persists during the harsh intrusion-extrusion conditions.
A dominant activating mutation in the effector region of RAS abolishes IRA2 sensitivity. (1992)

Previously described mutations in RAS genes that cause a dominant activated phenotype affect the intrinsic biochemical properties of RAS proteins, either decreasing the intrinsic GTPase or reducing the affinity for guanine nucleotides. In this report, we describe a novel activating mutation in the RAS2 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae that does not alter intrinsic biochemical properties of the mutant RAS2 protein. Rather, this mutation, RAS2-P41S (proline 41 to serine), which lies in the effector region of RAS, is shown to abolish the ability of the IRA2 protein to stimulate the GTPase activity of the mutant RAS protein. This mutation also modestly reduced the ability of the mutant protein to stimulate the target adenylate cyclase in an in vitro assay, although in vivo the phenotypes it induced suggest that it retains potency in stimulation of adenylate cyclase. Our results demonstrate that although the effector region of RAS appears to be important for interaction with both target effector and negative regulators of RAS, it is possible to eliminate negative regulator responsiveness and retain potency in effector stimulation.
Differences and shifts in the rheological characteristics of fluids in controlled stirred tank reactors for biogas production. (2010)

Differences and shifts in the rheological characteristics of fluids in controlled stirred tank reactors for biogas production.
OFDM channel estimation by singular value decomposition (1998)

We present and analyze low-rank channel estimators for orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems using the frequency correlation of the channel. Low-rank approximations based on the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) have been proposed, but these suffer from poor performance when the channel is not sample spaced. We apply the theory of optimal rank-reduction to linear minimum mean-squared error (LMMSE) estimators and show that these estimators, when using a fixed design, are robust to changes in channel correlation and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The performance is presented in terms of uncoded symbol-error rate (SER) for a system using 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM).
Titanium Nanomaterial Removal and Release from Wastewater Treatment Plants (2009)

Titanium (Ti) occurs naturally in soils and as highly purified titanium dioxide (Ti5O2) in many commercial products that have been used for decades. We report for the first time the occurrence, characterization, and removal of nano- and larger-sized Ti at wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). At one WWTP studied in detail, raw sewage contained 100 to nearly 3000 microg TVL Ti larger than 0.7 microm accounted for the majority of the Ti in raw sewage, and this fraction was well removed by WWTP processes. Ti concentrations in effluents from this and several other WWTPs ranged from <5 to 15 microg/L and were nearly all present in the < 0.7 microm size fraction. As Ti was removed, it accumulated in settled solids at concentrations ranging from 1 to 6 microg Ti/mg. Ti-containing solids were imaged in sewage, biosolids, and liquid effluent as well as in commercial products containing engineered TiO2. Single nanoparticles plus spherical aggregates (50 nm to a few hundred nanometer in size) composed of sub-50 nm spheres of Ti and oxygen only (presumably TiO2) were observed in all samples. Significantly larger silicate particles containing a mixture of Ti and other metal atoms were also observed in the samples. To support the field work, laboratory adsorption batch and sequencing batch reactor experiments using TiO2 and activated sludge bacteria verified that adsorption of TiO2 onto activated sludge biomass occurs. Monitoring for TiO2 in the environment where WWTP liquid effluent is discharged (rivers, lakes, oceans) or biomass disposed (landfills, agriculture and soil amendments, incinerator off-gas or residuals) will increase our knowledge on the fate and transport of other nanomaterials in the environment
TCP-over-UDP (2009)

We present TCP-over-UDP (ToU), an instance of TCP on top of UDP. It
provides exactly the same congestion control, flow control,
reliability, and extension mechanisms as offered by TCP. It is
intended for use in scenarios where applications running on two hosts
may not be able to establish a direct TCP connection but are able to
exchange UDP packets.
Waxy Gels with Asphaltenes 2: Use of Wax Control Polymers (2009)

The effect of asphaltenes on the effectiveness of wax control polymers was studied using a model waxy oil and a set of polymers with controlled crystalline and polar/aromatic content. The effect of crystalline content was examined with a set of maleic anhydride copolymers with alkyl appendages of different lengths. Different polar and/or aromatic functionalities were incorporated into the maleic anhydride copolymers (MAC) and poly(ethylene butene) polymers to probe potential interactions with the asphaltenes. The performance of the polymers was measured by testing their effect upon precipitation temperature, gelation temperature, and yield stress. Some polymers provided little or no benefit. Others had significant effects, reducing precipitation temperatures up to 1.9 °C, gelation temperatures up to 37 °C, and yield stresses up to 2200-fold for solutions of 8 wt % wax. Polymer efficacy was almost entirely determined by the crystalline functionality incorporated into the polymer rather than the presence of polar functionality designed to target interactions with the asphaltenes. The performance of the polymers is attributed to the ability of the polymers to coprecipitate with the wax. Comparison with previously published results using the same wax showed that the selectivity of the MACs was strongly affected by wax concentration, not because the quantity of wax overwhelmed the polymer, but because the range of wax precipitation temperatures increased above that of the polymer. Comparison of the effect of polymers in solutions with and without asphaltenes showed that asphaltenes had different effects on polymer performance, depending on the property being measured (precipitation temperature, gelation temperature, or yield stress).
Testing a novel nanofibre scaffold for utility in bone tissue regeneration (2018)

Many variables serve to alter the process of bone remodelling and diminish regeneration including the size and nature of the wound bed and health status of the individual. To overcome these inhibitory factors, tissue-engineered osteoconductive scaffolds paired with various growth factors have been utilized clinically. However, many limitations still remain, for example, bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) can lead to rampant inflammation, ectopic bone formation, and graft failure. Here, we studied the ability for a nanofiber scaffold (Talymed) to accelerate BMP2 growth factor-induced bone healing compared with the traditional absorbable collagen sponge (ACS) delivery system. One hundred fifty-five adult wild type mice were arranged in 16 groups by time, 4 and 8 weeks, and treatment, ACS or Talymed, loaded with control, low, medium, or high dosages of BMP2. Skulls were subjected to microCT, biomechanical, and histological analysis to assess bone regeneration. The use of Talymed within the defect site was found to decrease the bone volume, bone formation rate, and alkaline phosphatase activity compared with ACS/BMP2 combinations. Interestingly, though Talymed regenerated less bone, the regenerate was found to have a greater hardness value than that of bone within the ACS groups. However, the difference in bone hardness between scaffolds was not detectable by 8 weeks. Based on these results, we found that the nanofiber scaffold generated a better quality of bone regenerate at 4 weeks but, due to the lack of overall bone formation and the inhibition of normal remodelling processes, was not as efficacious as the current clinical standard ACS/BMP2 therapy.
Measuring Molecular Dynamics and Activation Energies for Quaternary Acyclic Ammonium and Cyclic Pyrrolidinium Ionic Liquids Using 14N NMR Spectroscopy (2011)

The (14)N NMR spin-lattice (R(1)) and spin-spin (R(2)) relaxation rates were determined as a function of temperature for a series of tetra-alkyl acyclic ammonium and cyclic pyrrolidinium ionic liquids (ILs). Through the use of the R(2)/R(1) ratio method, it was shown that for the majority of these ILs, the reorientational dynamics are not in the extreme narrowing regime, but instead are in the dispersive relaxation regime, thus allowing a unique solution for the correlation time to be determined. The temperature variation of the R(2) relaxation rate, along with the temperature variation of the calculated correlation times, allowed activation energies for the reorientational dynamics to be measured and compared. In addition, these NMR relaxation experiments enabled the (14)N quadrupolar coupling product to be extracted, which revealed surprising temperature dependence. Collectively, the (14)N NMR results allow the impact of cation and anion identity on the local reorientational dynamics of these ILs to be delineated.
A1 adenosine receptors of bovine brain couple to guanine nucleotide-binding proteins Gi1, Gi2, and Go. (1991)

A1 adenosine receptors and associated guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) were purified from bovine cerebral cortex by affinity chromatography (Munshi, R., and Linden, J. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264, 14853-14859). In this study we have identified the pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein subunits that co-purify with A1 adenosine receptors by immunoblotting with specific antipeptide antisera. Gi alpha 1, Gi alpha 2, Go alpha, G beta 35, and G beta 36 were detected. Of the total [35S]guanosine 5'-O-(3-thio)triphosphate [( 35S]GTP gamma S) binding sites, Gi alpha 1 and Go alpha each accounted for greater than 37% whereas Gi alpha 2 comprised less than 13%. G beta 35 was found in excess over G beta 36. Low molecular mass (21-25 kDa) GTP-binding proteins were not detected. We also examined the characteristics of purified receptors and various purified bovine brain G proteins reconstituted into phospholipid vesicles. All three alpha-subunits restored GTP gamma S-sensitive high affinity binding of the agonist 125I-aminobenzyladenosine to a fraction (25%) of reconstituted receptors with a selectivity order of Gi2 greater than Go greater than or equal to Gi1 (ED50 values of G proteins measured as fold excess over the receptor concentration were 4.7 +/- 1.2, 24 +/- 5, and 34 +/- 7, respectively). Furthermore, receptors occupied with the agonist R-phenylisopropyladenosine catalytically increased the rate of binding of [35S]GTP gamma S to reconstituted G proteins by 6.5-8.5-fold. These results suggest that A1 adenosine receptors couple indiscriminately to pertussis toxin-sensitive G proteins.
Deconvolution of SOFC Cathode Polarization (2007)

Current SOFC performance is limited primarily by cathode polarization. In order to address this we have undertaken a multi-faceted, multi- disciplinary approach to deconvolute the various contributions to SOFC cathode polarization. This approach involves using catalysis techniques to determine the fundamental oxygen reduction mechanism, using a FIB/SEM to quantify the cathode microstructure, and relating kinetics and microstructure to electrochemical performance. The results to date are summarized.
Secondhand smoke exposure toxicity accelerates age-related cardiac disease in old hamsters (2014)

We suggest that SHS exposure induces a pro-inflammatory response that results in concentric transition to aging eccentric LVH.
Oral glucose tolerance test and insulin sensitivity in low insulin responders (1983)

Oral and iv glucose tolerance, insulin response to iv and oral glucose load as well as insulin sensitivity were evaluated in 58 'low insulin responders'. They were selected from a group of 226 healthy subjects with normal fasting blood glucose and normal iv glucose tolerance test on the basis of a low insulin response during a standardized glucose infusion test (GIT). The insulin response to GIT was analysed by parameter identification in a mathematical model (parameter KI). Insulin sensitivity was also measured by computer analysis of GIT (parameter KG) and, in a limited group of subjects, by a somatostatin infusion test. Thirty-three low insulin responders had normal OGTT, whereas 5 demonstrated borderline-1, 16 borderline-2, and 4 decreased OGTT. The first group of subjects demonstrated normal or enhanced insulin sensitivity. Borderline and decreased OGTT, in most instances, was accompanied by decreased insulin sensitivity, implying that a subgroup of low insulin responders exhibited signs of both impaired insulin response to glucose and insulin resistance. Since these defects characterize manifest type-2 diabetes, these subjects possibly may run a high risk to develop this type of diabetes. On the other hand, low insulin response in combination with increased insulin sensitivity may reflect adaptation of the secretory capacity of B-cells to the need of insulin.
Thermo-mechanical properties of commercially available epoxy resins for structural applications (2015)

Externally bonded (EB) or Near-Surface-Mounted (NSM) composite reinforcements are often bonded to a cementitious substrate by means of commercially available epoxies. These two-component-resins are generally 'cold-curing' (at room temperature), having however the ability to cure faster under elevated temperatures. One application requesting such an accelerated curing process is the gradient anchorage for strengthening of concrete structures with prestressed CFRP laminates, based on a purely concrete/epoxy/CFRP connection without any mechanical devices.&lt;br/&gt;\nThis paper resumes the investigation on several crucial thermo-mechanical parameters of different epoxy resins, such as glass-transition temperatures, directional tensile strength and elastic modulus. It is for instance demonstrated that an accelerated curing process or an increasing specimen age implicate a higher glass transition temperature. Strength and stiffness development is faster in case high temperatures are applied; the final values with growing age however are below the ones for specimens cured only at room temperature. Initial mixing under vacuum on the other hand induces higher strength and stiffness values. Eventually, it is shown that an accelerated curing of a cold-curing epoxy increases the porosity of the latter, possibly implying durability issues.