gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultrathin Fullerene Films as High‐Resolution Molecular Resists for Low‐Voltage Electron‐Beam Lithography (2006)

Hard to resist: Films of methanofullerenes (see scheme) can be used as resists for lithography at low electron-beam energies (0.2 to 5 keV). Improvements in the sensitivity and maintained etch durability are seen as the electron energies are reduced from 20 to 1 keV. High-resolution patterning is also demonstrated at low energies. The small molecular size of the fullerene derivatives alleviates problems associated with line-edge roughness.
Effect of premature termination of translation on mRNA stability depends on the site of ribosome release. (1987)

Translational stop codons were introduced at various locations in the protein-coding regions of the monocistronic bla and ompA gene transcripts of Escherichia coli, and the decay characteristics of the upstream and downstream mRNA segments were analyzed. Premature termination of translation at codon position 26 reduced the stability of both the translated and ribosome-free segments of bla mRNA, whereas release of ribosomes just 30 codons further downstream resulted in normal stability for both segments. Normal stability of an untranslated bla gene mRNA segment required its linkage to a ribosome-bound segment of bla gene mRNA. These findings indicate that depriving an mRNA segment of ribosomes does not necessarily render it more susceptible to degradation. However, premature termination of translation at a location that allows ribosomes to traverse only a short segment of bla mRNA can lead to destabilization of the entire transcript.
A new and highly enantioselective synthetic route to P-chiral phosphines and diphosphines (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA new and highly enantioselective synthetic route to P-chiral phosphines and diphosphinesE. J. Corey, Zhuoliang Chen, and Gerald J. TanouryCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 23, 11000–11001Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00076a072https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00076a072research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1031Altmetric-Citations85LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Comparative mapping in intraspecific populations uncovers a high degree of macrosynteny between A- and B-genome diploid species of peanut (2012)

Our findings will contribute to understanding tetraploid peanut genome origin and evolution and eventually promote its genetic improvement. The newly developed EST-SSR markers will enrich current molecular marker resources in peanut.
Role of prostate stem cell antigen in prostate cancer research (2002)

PSCA may serve as a tool in refining the prognosis of an individual cancer and may be a useful therapeutic target for immunotherapy. Future studies will be required to confirm its clinical utility as a prognostic factor. Future animal and clinical studies will be required to test various immunotherapy strategies for safety and efficacy. The study of PSCA regulation and expression may provide information on normal prostate development and prostate carcinogenesis.
Production of Nanoemulsions from Palm-Based Tocotrienol Rich Fraction by Microfluidization (2015)

In the present study, tocotrienol rich fraction (TRF) nanoemulsions were produced as an alternative approach to improve solubility and absorption of tocotrienols. In the present study, droplet size obtained after 10 cycles of homogenization with increasing pressure was found to decrease from 120 to 65.1 nm. Nanoemulsions stabilized with Tween series alone or emulsifier blend Brij 35:Span 80 (0.6:0.4 w/w) homogenized at 25,000 psi and 10 cycles, produced droplet size less than 100 nm and a narrow size distribution with a polydispersity index (PDI) value lower than 0.2. However blend of Tween series with Span 80 produced nanoemulsions with droplet size larger than 200 nm. This work has also demonstrated the amount of tocols losses in TRF nanoemulsion stabilized Tweens alone or emulsifier blend Brij 35:Span 80 (0.6:0.4 w/w) ranged between 3%-25%. This can be attributed to the interfacial film formed surrounding the droplets exhibited different level of oxidative stability against heat and free radicals created during high pressure emulsification.
Critical Role of the Atmosphere in Dip-Coating Process (2017)

Dip-coating is a common liquid deposition technique employed in research, and also for industrial production, to obtain polymer, hybrid, and inorganic thin layers of controlled thickness. During liquid deposition, the substrate withdrawal speed allows, in principle, an easy tuning of deposited film thickness (first modeled by Landau and Levich). Yet, experimentally, unexplained thickness irreproducibility or strong fluctuations of the sol–gel films are often observed when coating large substrates, which is a critical issue for optical coatings such as anti-reflective/reflective coatings. In this study, we point out for the first time that uncontrolled solvent relative pressure gradients (coming from solvent evaporation) are responsible for these thickness fluctuation issues. We investigated and quantified their impact for various solutions (of sol–gel or polymer) and pointed out that the solvent evaporation rate is not constant but strongly depends on the geometric configuration of the dip-coating experiment. From this understanding, we demonstrated how an accurate tuning of processing atmosphere can provide a very good control on layer thickness in the practical case of the deposition of anti-reflective water repellent coating. In a second example, we used this phenomenon for developing a very easy synthesis strategy leading to giant and controlled thickness gradient profiles.
Effects of in Vivo Depletion of Immunocyte Populations on Herpes Simplex Virus Glycoprotein D Vaccine-Induced Resistance to HSV2 Challenge (1992)

BALB/c mice, preimmunized with a protective dose of native herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein D (ngD1) vaccine, were depleted of selected immunocyte populations in vivo using monoclonal antibodies directed at Thy1+, L3T4+, or Lyt2+ cells. Following immunization and depletion, animals were inoculated with varied challenge levels of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV2) in the footpad and were monitored for disease. Both depleted undepleted gD-immunized mice were significantly protected when compared with placebo controls. T-cell-independent protection in Thy1 and L3T4-depleted ngD1-immunized animals was effective at low and moderate levels of HSV2 challenge levels, high levels of HSV2 giving high symptom scores in immunized and depleted mice. Depletion of Lyt2+ cells had no significant effect on the outcome of HSV2 infection. Depleted and nondepleted animals also were assessed in parallel for cellular and humoral responsiveness to ngD1 and to HSV antigens in vitro. Lymphoproliferative responses were abrogated in gD-immunized mice treated with anti-Thy1 or anti-L3T4, anti-Lyt2 treatment having little effect. Postimmunization T-cell depletion did not undermine ELISA or neutralizing antibody responses. These findings suggest that at low to moderate levels of virus challenge vaccine-elicited antibody plays a primary role in limiting the severity of infection, T-cell-mediated protective responses being of enhanced significance only at high levels of virus challenge.
ChemInform Abstract: Dynamic One‐Pot Three‐Component Catalytic Asymmetric Transformation by Combination of Hydrogen‐Bond‐Donating and Amine Catalysts. (2011)

Abstract The reaction of aldehydes, protected α‐cyanoglycinate esters, and enals is catalyzed by a combination of a chiral amine and an oxime derived from cyanoacetate ester as a hydrogen bond donating co‐catalyst.
In Vitro Evaluation of a Novel System for Monitoring Surgical Hemoglobin Loss (2014)

In Brief BACKGROUND: Accurate measurement of intraoperative blood loss is an important clinical variable in managing fluid resuscitation and avoiding unnecessary transfusion of blood products. In this study, we measured surgical blood loss using a tablet computer programmed with a unique algorithm modeled after facial recognition technology. The aim of the study was to assess the accuracy and performance of the system on surgical laparotomy sponges in vitro. METHODS: Whole blood samples of premeasured hemoglobin (Hb) and volume were reconstituted from units of human packed red blood cells and plasma and distributed across surgical laparotomy sponges. Normal saline was added to simulate the presence of varying levels of hemodilution and/or irrigation use. Soaked sponges from 4 different manufacturers were scanned using the Triton System with Feature Extraction Technology (Gauss Surgical, Inc., Palo Alto, CA) under 3 different ambient light conditions in an operating room. Accuracy of Hb loss measurement was evaluated relative to the premeasured values using linear regression and Bland-Altman analysis. Correlations between studied variables and measurement bias were analyzed using nonparametric tests. RESULTS: The overall mean percent error for measure of Hb loss for the Triton System was 12.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.2%−16.4%). A strong positive linear correlation between the premeasured and actual Hb masses was noted across the full range of intraoperative lighting conditions, including (A) high (r = 0.95 [95% CI, 0.93–0.96]), (B) medium (r = 0.94 [95% CI, 0.93–0.96]), and (C) low (r = 0.90 [95% CI, 0.87–0.93]) mean ambient light intensity. Bland-Altman analysis revealed a bias of 0.01 g [95% CI, −0.03 to 0.06 g] of Hb per sponge between the 2 measures. The corresponding lower and upper limits of agreement were −1.16 g (95% CI, −1.21 to −1.12 g) per sponge and 1.19 g (95% CI, 1.15–1.24 g) per sponge, respectively. Measurement bias of estimated blood loss and Hb mass using the new system were not associated with the volume of saline used to reconstitute the samples (P = 0.506 and P = 0.469, respectively), suggesting that the system is robust under a wide range of sponge saturation conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Mobile blood loss monitoring using the Triton system is accurate in assessing Hb mass on surgical sponges across a range of ambient light conditions, sponge saturation, saline contamination, and initial blood Hb. Utilization of this tool could significantly improve the accuracy of blood loss estimates. Published ahead of print May 7, 2014.
Effects of BCG vaccination on donor unrestricted T cells in humans (2021)

Summary Antigen classes other than proteins can be presented to T cells by near-monomorphic antigen-presenting molecules such as CD1, MR1, and butyrophilin 3A1. We sought to define the roles of donor unrestricted T (DURT) cells, including MR1-reactive MAIT cells, CD1b-reactive glucose monomycolate (GMM)-specific T cells, CD1d-reactive NKT cells, and γδ T cells, in vaccination against Mycobacterium tuberculosis . We characterized DURT cells following primary bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination in infants or BCG-revaccination in adults. BCG (re)vaccination did not modulate peripheral blood frequencies, T cell activation or memory profiles of MAIT cells, CD1b-restricted GMM-specific and germline-encoded mycolyl-reactive (GEM) cells or CD1d- restricted NKT cells. By contrast, BCG vaccination was associated with increased frequencies of γδ T cells as well as a novel subset of IFN-γ-expressing CD4 + T cells with a CD26 + CD161 + TRAV1-2 − phenotype in infants. More studies are required to understand the full potential of DURT cells in new TB vaccine strategies.
Interrogation of T Cell–enriched Tumors Reveals Prognostic and Immunotherapeutic Implications of Polyamine Metabolism (2022)

Metabolic features of the tumor microenvironment (TME) antagonize anti-tumor immunity. We hypothesized that T cell infiltrated tumors with a known antigen should exhibit superior clinical outcomes, though some fare worse given unfavorable metabolic features leveraging T cell-infiltrated (Thi), human papillomavirus-related (HPV+) head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSC) to test this hypothesis. Expression of 2,520 metabolic genes were analyzed among Thi HPV+ HNSCs stratified by high-risk molecular subtype. RNAseq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA; 10 cancer types), single cell RNAseq data, and an immunotherapy-treated melanoma cohort were used to test the association between metabolic gene expression and clinical outcomes and contribution of tumor versus stromal cells to metabolic gene expression. Polyamine (PA) metabolism genes were overexpressed in high-risk, Thi HPV+ HNSCs. Genes involved in PA biosynthesis and transport were associated with T cell infiltration, recurrent or persistent cancer, overall survival status, primary site, molecular subtype, and <i>MYC</i> genomic alterations. PA biogenesis gene sets were associated with tumor intrinsic features while myeloid cells in HPV+ HNSCs were enriched in PA catabolism, regulatory, transport, putrescine, and spermidine gene set expression. PA gene set expression also correlated with IFN<i>γ</i> or cytotoxic T cell ssGSEA scores across TCGA tumor types. PA transport ssGSEA scores were associated with poor survival whereas putrescine ssGSEA scores portended better survival for several tumor types. Thi melanomas enriched in PA synthesis or combined gene set expression exhibited worse anti-PD-1 responses. These data address hurdles to anti-tumor immunity warranting further investigation of divergent polyamine metabolism in the TME.
Three-dimensional microfluidic liquid-core/liquid-cladding waveguide (2010)

This letter describes a three-dimensional liquid-core/liquid-cladding optical waveguide system. The core fluid was focused in the vertical direction by a transverse secondary flow (produced by a Dean vortex) and focused in the horizontal direction by two parallel sheath flows. The waveguide introduced less optical loss between the core fluid and the channel wall. Diffusion between the core fluid and the cladding fluid was reduced by high fluid velocities. The present system can be considered as a graded-index waveguide due to the diffusion effect. The width of the core fluid was manipulated by adjusting the sheath flow rates. Numerical simulations were conducted to support and interpret the experimental results.
PET-stratifizierte Therapie in frühen Stadien des Hodgkin-Lymphoms: Ergebnisse der Phase-3-Studie HD16 der German Hodgkin Study Group (GHSG) (2019)

Die HD16-Studie prüfte für die frühen Stadien des Hodgkin-Lymphoms, ob bei PET-Negativität nach 2x ABVD auf eine involved-field Bestrahlung (RT) ohne relevante Einschränkung des progressionsfreien Überlebens (PFS) verzichtet werden kann. Ferner wurde der prognostische Wert der PET-2 für die Standardtherapie im Hinblick auf das PFS analysiert.
Comprehensive non-surgical treatment decreased the need for spine surgery in patients with spondylolisthesis: Three-year results (2019)

CNT is effective in spondylolisthesis and more successful in DS than SS. CNT may decrease the need for surgery, particularly in patients who report pain relief greater than 70% for average five months after TFEs.
In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As junction field-effect transistors as tunable feedback resistors for integrated receiver preamplifiers (1989)

In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As active feedback junction field-effect transistors (JFETs) for use in integrated transimpedance photoreceivers are discussed. By varying the gate-to-source voltage V/sub GS/, the resistance can be continuously tuned between 3 and 40 k Omega with a drain-to-source capacitance of <10 fF. The temperature coefficient of resistance is between -5 and -20 Omega / degrees C (for V/sub GS/ less than the pinch-off voltage). The combination of large resistance and low capacitance can result in high receiver sensitivity without sacrificing amplifier dynamic range. The feedback FET was fabricated adjacent to 1.8- mu m-gate-length JFETs with transconductances of 110 mS/mm, gate-to-source capacitances of 1.3 pF/mm, and DC amplifier voltage gains of 100. The compatibility of these transistor structures indicates that an integrated preamplifier with dynamically tunable bandwidth can be realized.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Selective electrochemical and photochemical syntheses of unsymmetrical biaryls and their non-linear optical properties (1988)

A selective synthesis of unsymmetrically substituted electron donor/electron acceptor biaryls is described which is based on an electrochemically or photochemically induced SRN1 reaction; the optical hyperpolarizability coefficients β are determined in solution for the various reaction products and found to be of the same order of magnitude as that of 4-nitro-aniline.
p53 regulates CD46 expression and measles virus infection in myeloma cells (2018)

Abstract In this study, we assessed the sensitivity of myeloma cells to the oncolytic measles virus (MV) in relation to p53 using 37 cell lines and 23 primary samples. We showed that infection and cell death were correlated with CD46 expression, which was associated with TP53 status; TP53abn cell lines highly expressed CD46 and were preferentially infected by MV when compared with the TP53wt cell lines (P = .046 and P = .045, respectively). Infection of myeloma cells was fully dependent on CD46 expression in both cell lines and primary cells. In the TP53wt cell lines, but not the TP53abn cell lines, activation of the p53 pathway with nutlin3a inhibited both CD46 expression and MV infection, while TP53 silencing reciprocally increased CD46 expression and MV infection. We showed using a p53 chromatin immunoprecipitation assay and microRNA assessment that CD46 gene expression was directly and indirectly regulated by p53. Primary myeloma cells overexpressed CD46 as compared with normal cells and were highly infected and killed by MV. CD46 expression and MV infection were inhibited by nutlin3a in primary p53-competent myeloma cells, but not in p53-deficient myeloma cells, and the latter were highly sensitive to MV infection. In summary, myeloma cells were highly sensitive to MV and infection inhibition by the p53 pathway was abrogated in p53-deficient myeloma cells. These results argue for an MV-based clinical trial for patients with p53 deficiency.
In situ photo-assisted deposition of MoS2 electrocatalyst onto zinc cadmium sulphide nanoparticle surfaces to construct an efficient photocatalyst for hydrogen generation (2013)

We reported herein a facile and scalable preparation process for MoS(2)-decorated Zn(x)Cd(1-x)S hybrid photocatalysts for hydrogen generation. Zn(x)Cd(1-x)S nanopowder was first prepared from commercially available precursors employing a solution based process. MoS(2) hydrogen evolution reaction catalyst was then loaded onto the Zn(x)Cd(1-x)S nanopowder via a photo-assisted deposition process which employed mild conditions (room temperature, atmospheric pressure and visible light illumination). Thus, this process represents an important advantage in the large scale production of semiconductor/MoS(2) hybrid photocatalysts in comparison to the conventional method relying on thermal decomposition of (NH(4))(2)[MoS(4)] precursor at high temperature and under H(2)S pressure. The best Zn(0.2)Cd(0.8)S/MoS(2) 3% showed two hundred-and-ten times (210 times) faster hydrogen generation rate on visible light illumination compared with that obtained for un-treated Zn(0.2)Cd(0.8)S. That was the most impressive catalytic enhancement ever recorded for a semiconductor photocatalyst decorated with a noble metal free electrocatalyst.
Distributed simulation of polychronous and plastic spiking neural\n networks: strong and weak scaling of a representative mini-application\n benchmark executed on a small-scale commodity cluster (2013)

We introduce a natively distributed mini-application benchmark representative\nof plastic spiking neural network simulators. It can be used to measure\nperformances of existing computing platforms and to drive the development of\nfuture parallel/distributed computing systems dedicated to the simulation of\nplastic spiking networks. The mini-application is designed to generate spiking\nbehaviors and synaptic connectivity that do not change when the number of\nhardware processing nodes is varied, simplifying the quantitative study of\nscalability on commodity and custom architectures. Here, we present the strong\nand weak scaling and the profiling of the computational/communication\ncomponents of the DPSNN-STDP benchmark (Distributed Simulation of Polychronous\nSpiking Neural Network with synaptic Spike-Timing Dependent Plasticity). In\nthis first test, we used the benchmark to exercise a small-scale cluster of\ncommodity processors (varying the number of used physical cores from 1 to 128).\nThe cluster was interconnected through a commodity network. Bidimensional grids\nof columns composed of Izhikevich neurons projected synapses locally and toward\nfirst, second and third neighboring columns. The size of the simulated network\nvaried from 6.6 Giga synapses down to 200 K synapses. The code demonstrated to\nbe fast and scalable: 10 wall clock seconds were required to simulate one\nsecond of activity and plasticity (per Hertz of average firing rate) of a\nnetwork composed by 3.2 G synapses running on 128 hardware cores clocked @ 2.4\nGHz. The mini-application has been designed to be easily interfaced with\nstandard and custom software and hardware communication interfaces. It has been\ndesigned from its foundation to be natively distributed and parallel, and\nshould not pose major obstacles against distribution and parallelization on\nseveral platforms.\n
Direct Synthesis of Organic Azides from Primary Amines with 2‐Azido‐1,3‐dimethylimidazolinium Hexafluorophosphate (2010)

Abstract Organic azides were prepared from primary amines in high yields by metal‐free diazo transfer with 2‐azido‐1,3‐dimethylimidazolinium hexafluorophosphate, which is a stable, crystalline solid that is easy to handle.
Anisotropic Heat Conduction in Cubic Crystals in the Boundary Scattering Regime (1970)

The thermal conductivities of single crystals of silicon and of calcium fluoride have been measured in the temperature range 3-40 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K and 2.5-30 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, respectively. For samples in the form of square cross-section rods, the conductivity in the boundary scattering regime was found to depend on the orientation of the rod axis, the variation being as much as 50% for silicon. This anisotropy is accounted for in terms of phonon focusing due to the fact that in elastically anisotropic crystals the phonon phase and group velocities are, in general, not collinear. Casimir's theory of the thermal conduction in the boundary scattering regime has been generalized to include the effects of focusing; the predictions of this generalized theory are in quantitative agreement with the experimental results. It is predicted that anisotropic thermal conductivity in the boundary scattering regime is a general property of elastically anisotropic cubic crystals.