gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Formation of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes:  Comparison of CO2 Laser Ablation and Nd:YAG Laser Ablation (1999)

Investigating the formation of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) from a target composed of graphite, Ni, and Co, we compared the use of a pulsed CO2 laser (pulse width of 20 ms, laser-power density of 0.1 MW/cm2) with the use of a pulsed Nd:YAG laser (pulse width of 5−7 ns, laser-power density of 4 GW/cm2). When the total irradiation energy was 2 kW/cm2 for the CO2 laser ablation and 2.4 kW/cm2 for the Nd:YAG laser ablation, SWNTs could be formed at 300 K by CO2 laser ablation, whereas the lowest temperature at which they could be formed by Nd:YAG laser ablation was about 1170 K. The lowest pressure allowing SWNT formation was 50 Torr for CO2 laser ablation and 200 Torr for Nd:YAG laser ablation. The structures of carbonaceous deposits and of the target surfaces indicated that CO2 laser ablation resulted in carbon being emitted from the edges of or defects in the graphite particles and most of the Ni and Co being emitted from the target. Pulsed Nd:YAG laser ablation, on the other hand, has been reported to result in graphite melting and mixing with Ni and Co on the target surface, the mixture being expelled from the target surface, and clumps of Ni and Co remaining on the target surface after the laser ablation. We think these differences are due to the different laser-power densities and pulse widths.
Synthesis of unsymmetrical N-carboranyl NHCs: directing effect of the carborane anion (2014)

The syntheses of unsymmetrical N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) that contain a single N-bound icosahedral carborane anion substituent are reported. Both anionic C-2 and doubly deprotonated dianionic C-2/C-5 NHC lithium complexes are isolated. The latter species is formed selectively, which reveals a surprising directing effect conveyed by icosahedral carborane anion substituents.
Oxford medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty in patients younger and older than 60 years of age (2005)

We present a comparison of the results of the Oxford unicompartmental knee arthroplasty in patients younger and older than 60 years of age. The ten-year all-cause survival of the < 60 years of age group (52) was 91% (95% confidence interval (CI) 12), while in the > or = 60 years of age group (512), the figure was 96% (95% CI 3). For the younger group, the mean Hospital for Special Surgery score at ten-year follow-up (n = 21) was 94 of 100, compared with a mean of 86 of 100 for the older group (n = 135). The results show that the Oxford unicompartmental arthroplasty can achieve ten-year results that are comparable to total knee arthroplasty in patients < 60 years of age. We conclude that for patients aged over 50, age should not be considered a contraindication for this procedure.
The Structure of Human MHC Class II Genes (1991)

The class II molecules of the human major histocompatibility complex bind intracellularly processed peptides and present them to T-helper cells. They therefore have a critical role in the initiation of the immune response. A salient feature of the class II molecules is their polymorphism. It has been shown that some autoimmune diseases are associated with certain class II alleles. This article reviews the basic structural features of class II molecules, and the genes encoding them as well as mechanisms governing the development of their extraordinary polymorphism.
Verzweigte Monomere als Quelle für einen schnelleren Zugang zu Dendrimeren (1994)

Mit Synthesebausteinen, die größer als die Wiederholungseinheit sind, lassen sich sehr effizient Dendrimere höherer Generationen aufbauen. So läßt sich das Dreischichten‐Blockcopolymer 1 schnell in guter Ausbeute synthetisieren. 1 , ein Dendrimer der dritten Generation, das vier Esterbindungen im Molekülinneren enthält, kann in einem weiteren Schritt zu einem Dendrimer der 5. Generation ( M r =9371) umgesetzt werden. magnified image
Correction: Chitinase 1 regulates pulmonary fibrosis by modulating TGF-β/SMAD7 pathway via TGFBRAP1 and FOXO3 (2023)

Chitinase 1 (CHIT1) plays a role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis by modulating canonical and noncanonical TGF-β signaling via interaction with TGFBRAP1 and FOXO3. These findings highlight the CHIT1/SMAD7 axis as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target of pulmonary fibrosis.
Cupid: Commitments in Relational Algebra (2015)

We propose Cupid, a language for specifying commitments that supports their information-centric aspects, and offers crucial benefits. One, Cupid is first-order, enabling a systematic treatment of commitment instances. Two, Cupid supports features needed for real-world scenarios such as deadlines, nested commitments, and complex event expressions for capturing the lifecycle of commitment instances. Three, Cupid maps to relational database queries and thus provides a set-based semantics for retrieving commitment instances in states such as being violated, discharged, and so on. We prove that Cupid queries are safe. Four, to aid commitment modelers, we propose the notion of well-identified commitments, and finitely violable and finitely expirable commitments. We give syntactic restrictions for obtaining such commitments.
Активность Au-, Ni- и Au–Ni-катализаторов в реакциях паровой конверсии и окисления монооксида углерода (2014)

Методами ионного обмена и пропитки получены композиты Au/Al2O3, NiOx/Al2O3, (Au+ NiOx)/Al2O3. Изучены их структурные и электронные особенности, включая размер и форму нанесенных частиц металлов, а также степень окисления и лигандное окружение атомов Au и Ni. Рассмотрены закономерности каталитического действия Au/Al2O3, NiOx/Al2O3 и (Au + NiOx)/Al2O3 в реакциях паровой конверсии и окисления монооксида углерода. Установлено, что при 300450°С степень превращения CO на (Au + NiOx)/Al2O3 превышает сумму конверсий CO на монометаллических катализаторах Au/Al2O3 и NiOx/Al2O3 в 23 раза. Предложено объяснение неаддитивного роста конверсии CO на AuNi-катализаторах.
A Highly Chemo- and Stereoselective Synthesis of β-Keto Esters via a Polymer-Supported Lipase Catalyzed Transesterfication (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTA Highly Chemo- and Stereoselective Synthesis of β-Keto Esters via a Polymer-Supported Lipase Catalyzed TransesterficationArmando Córdova and Kim D. JandaView Author Information Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037 [email protected]Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 2001, 66, 5, 1906–1909Publication Date (Web):February 2, 2001Publication History Received13 October 2000Published online2 February 2001Published inissue 1 March 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo001478ohttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo001478obrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1065Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Alcohols,Catalysts,Organic compounds,Peptides and proteins,Transesterification Get e-Alerts
Downregulation of Cytoskeletal Muscle LIM Protein by Nitric Oxide (2003)

NO negatively controls MLP expression in cardiac myocytes. Because MLP is necessary and sufficient for hypertrophy and sarcomere assembly, MLP downregulation may restrain hypertrophic growth in pathophysiological situations with increased cardiac NO production.
Conductive polymers consisting of partially oxidized, face-to-face linked metallomacrocycles (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConductive polymers consisting of partially oxidized, face-to-face linked metallomacrocyclesKarl F. Schoch Jr., Bhagyashree R. Kundalkar, and Tobin J. MarksCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1979, 101, 23, 7071–7073Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00517a052https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00517a052research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views155Altmetric-Citations77LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cubic phase light emitters hetero-integrated on silicon (2017)

GaN emitters have historically been of hexagonal phase due to natural crystallization. Here we introduce a cubic phase GaN emitter technology that is polarization-free via cointegration on cheap and scalable CMOS-compatible Si(100) substrate.
CHEK1 coordinates DNA damage signaling and meiotic progression in the male germline of mice (2018)

The continuity of life depends on mechanisms in the germline that ensure the integrity of the genome. The DNA damage response/checkpoint kinases ATM and ATR are essential signaling factors in the germline. However, it remains unknown how a downstream transducer, Checkpoint Kinase 1 (CHEK1 or CHK1), mediates signaling in the male germline. Here, we show that CHEK1 has distinct functions in both the mitotic and meiotic phases of the male germline in mice. In the mitotic phase, CHEK1 is required for the resumption of prospermatogonia proliferation after birth and the maintenance of spermatogonia. In the meiotic phase, we uncovered two functions for CHEK1: one is the stage-specific attenuation of DNA damage signaling on autosomes, and the other is coordination of meiotic stage progression. On autosomes, the loss of CHEK1 delays the removal of DNA damage signaling that manifests as phosphorylation of histone variant H2AX at serine 139 (γH2AX). Importantly, CHEK1 does not have a direct function in meiotic sex chromosome inactivation (MSCI), an essential event in male meiosis, in which ATR is a key regulator. Thus, the functions of ATR and CHEK1 are uncoupled in MSCI, in contrast to their roles in DNA damage signaling in somatic cells. Our study reveals stage-speciﬁc functions for CHEK1 that ensure the integrity of the male germline.
Effects of Pressure and Supercritical Fluid on Melt Viscosity of LDPE in Conventional and Microcellular Injection Molding (2012)

Abstract In this study, the flow and rheological behaviors of low density polyethylene (LDPE) and single-phase LDPE/N 2 polymer/gas solutions at various gas contents were measured using a high-pressure slit-die rheometer. The resulting rheology data of LDPE and LDPE/N 2 were curve fit using the Cross–WLF model to obtain the seven material model constants, which were then used in the simulation of conventional and microcellular injection molding processes. The pressure effect on the shear viscosity of LDPE was also studied. The pressure dependency coefficient, D3, in the Cross–WLF model was determined by the use of simulation to best fit the experimental results. In addition, a three-dimensional plot of shear viscosity as a function of shear rate and pressure at various temperatures was constructed. Based on this three-dimensional viscosity–shear rate–temperature–pressure plot, the increase in viscosity due to the pressure effect was found to be more profound at high pressures, low temperatures, and low shear rates.
EPR spin trapping of superoxide from nitric oxide synthase (2000)

15 N)- EMPO has significantly improved the sen- sitivity of superoxide detection by electron para- magnetic resonance (EPR). Unlike 5,5-dimethyl-1- pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO), a commonly used superoxide spin trap, both DEPMPO and EMPO form superoxide adducts that are persistent, which do not decay to the corresponding hydroxyl adduct. Using these new spin traps, the EPR-detection of superoxide is now straightfor- ward and more sensitive. These new superoxide traps in combination with the loop gap resonator technology have enabled us to demonstrate unequivocally the formation of superoxide from the endothelial and neuronal isoforms of nitric oxide synthase. Superoxide is formed at the oxy- genase domain of the enzyme by a calcium/ calmodulin dependent mechanism. The effect of tetrahydrobiopterin cofactor and NOS inhibitors on the release of superoxide is discussed.
Synthesis and physical properties of a main-chain chiral smectic thiol-ene oligomer (2010)

The synthesis and characterisation of a main-chain chiral smectic liquid crystalline thiol-ene polymer system is described. The chemical structure is designed based on the structure of W317, a mesogen with a large electroclinic effect in the Smectic A∗ (SmA∗) phase. The novel thiol-ene monomer K0902 has a large surface electroclinic effect with an unexpected small electroclinic effect in the SmA∗ phase. The corresponding thiol-ene oligomer poly-K0902 is characterised by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarised optical microscopy (POM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and shows an expected I–SmA∗–Glass phase sequence, but the electroclinic angle is relatively small.
Identification and Mechanism of Evolution of New Alleles Coding for the AIDA-I Autotransporter of Porcine Pathogenic Escherichia coli (2012)

Autotransporters are a large family of virulence factors of Gram-negative bacterial pathogens. The autotransporter adhesin involved in diffuse adherence (AIDA-I) is an outer membrane protein of Escherichia coli, which allows binding to epithelial cells as well as the autoaggregation of bacteria. AIDA-I is glycosylated by a specific heptosyltransferase encoded by the aah gene that forms an operon with the aidA gene. aidA is highly prevalent in strains that cause disease in pigs. Nevertheless, there are only two published whole-length sequences for this gene. In this study, we sequenced the aah and aidA genes of 24 aidA-positive porcine strains harboring distinct virulence factor profiles. We compared the obtained sequences and performed phylogenetic and pulsed-field electrophoresis analyses. Our results suggest that there are at least 3 different alleles for aidA, which are associated with distinct virulence factor profiles. The genes are found on high-molecular-weight plasmids and seem to evolve via shuffling mechanisms, with one of the sequences showing evidence of genetic recombination. Our work suggests that genetic plasticity allows the evolution of aah-aidA alleles that are selected during pathogenesis.
Engineered Biosynthesis of Novel Polyketides: Dissection of the Catalytic Specificity of the act Ketoreductase (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEngineered Biosynthesis of Novel Polyketides: Dissection of the Catalytic Specificity of the act KetoreductaseHong Fu, Susanne Ebert-Khosla, David A. Hopwood, and Chaitan KhoslaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 10, 4166–4170Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00089a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00089a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views571Altmetric-Citations97LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: H2GaN3 and Derivatives: A Facile Method to Gallium Nitride. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Hardware-assisted Algorithms for Checkpoints (1998)

We can classify the algorithms for establishing checkpoints on distributed-shared-memory multiprocessors DSMMs into 3 broad classes: tightly synchronized method TSM loosely synchronized method LSM, unsynchronized method USM. TSM-type algorithms force the immediate establishment of a checkpoint whenever a dependency between 2 processors arises. LSM-type algorithms record this dependency and, hence, do not require the immediate establishment of a checkpoint if a dependency does arise; when a processor chooses to establish a checkpoint, the processor will query the dependency records to determine other processors that must also establish a checkpoint. USM-type algorithms allow a processor to establish a checkpoint without regard to any other processor. Within this framework, we developed 4 hardware-based algorithms: distributed recoverable shared memory (DRSM), DRSM for communication checkpoints (DRSM-C), DRSM with a hybrid method (DRSM-H), and DRSM with logs (DRSM-L). DRSM-C is a TSM-type algorithm, and DRSM and DRSM-H are LSM-type algorithms. DRSM-L is a USM-type algorithm and is the first of its kind for a tightly-coupled DSMM where hardware in the form of a directory maintains cache coherence. We find that DRSM has the best performance in terms of minimizing the impact of establishing checkpoints (or logs) on the running applications, but DRSM along with DRSM-C has the most expensive hardware requirements. DRSM-L has the second best performance but has the least expensive hardware requirement. We conclude that DRSM-L is the best algorithm in terms of cost and performance.
Intracellular cytokine profile in T-cell subsets of multiple sclerosis patients: different features in primary progressive disease (2001)

The data presented here demonstrate that patients with PPMS express less pro- and more anti-inflammatory cytokine producing T cells compared to the relapse-onset form of the disease, confirming the view on PPMS as a distinct disease entity.
The MEK/ERK Network as a Therapeutic Target in Human Cancer (2020)

The RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK pathway is the most well-studied of the MAPK cascades and is critical for cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Abnormalities in regulation resulting from mutations in components of this pathway, particularly in upstream proteins, RAS and RAF, are responsible for a significant fraction of human cancers and nearly all cutaneous melanomas. Activation of receptor tyrosine kinases by growth factors and various extracellular signals leads to the sequential activation of RAS, RAF, MEK, and finally ERK, which activates numerous transcription factors and facilitates oncogenesis in the case of aberrant pathway activation. While extensive studies have worked to elucidate the activation mechanisms and structural components of upstream MAPK components, comparatively less attention has been directed toward the kinases, MEK and ERK, due to the infrequency of oncogenic-activating mutations in these kinases. However, acquired drug resistance has become a major issue in the treatment of RAS- and RAF-mutated cancers. Targeting the terminal kinases in the MAPK cascade has shown promise for overcoming many of these resistance mechanisms and improving treatment options for patients with MAPK-aberrant cancers. Here, we will describe the role of MEK and ERK in MAPK signaling and summarize the current understanding of their interaction and activation mechanisms. We will also discuss existing approaches for targeting MEK and ERK, and the benefits of alternative strategies. Areas requiring further exploration will be highlighted to guide future research endeavors and aid in the development of alternative therapeutic strategies to combat surmounting drug resistance in treating MAPK-mediated cancers. VISUAL OVERVIEW: http://mcr.aacrjournals.org/content/molcanres/19/3/361/F1.large.jpg.
Ultra Broadband Mid-IR Detectors Using Multilayer Anti-reflection Coupling (2011)

Ultra broadband mid-IR detector is demonstrated in the spectral region at 2-4 um. The light coupler is composed of multilayer dielectric layers. A 60 % enhancement of transmittance is achieved at light incident angles θ=0°-75°.
Synthesis, Sintering, and Oxidative Behavior of HfB2–HfSi2 Ceramics (2014)

The self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) of (1 – x)HfB2–xHfSi2 (x from 0 to 1) ceramics is successfully performed in this work starting from elemental reactants. The presence of HfSi2 in the composite system progressively reduces the exothermic character of the synthesis reaction. Bulk ceramics are then obtained after consolidation by spark plasma sintering (SPS) of the SHS crashed products. It is found that the HfB2–xHfSi2 composite powders synthesized in a single step by SHS require milder sintering conditions as compared to the mixtures consisting of the ceramic constituents obtained separately by the same route. In addition, 15 vol % is the minimum percentage of HfSi2 required to achieve the complete densification of the starting powders, under the SPS conditions investigated in the present work (I = 1350 A, P = 50 MPa, 30 min total time). Thermogravimetric analysis experiments performed in air flow up to 1450 °C clearly indicate that the introduction of HfSi2 plays a beneficial role for protecting the obtained material from oxidation.
Mold Layout Design (2022)

No AccessInjection Mold Design EngineeringOct 2022Mold Layout DesignDavid O. KazmerDavid O. KazmerSearch for more papers by this authorhttps://doi.org/10.3139/9781569908921.004SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to FavoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsCopy LTI LinkPDF key 'share (en)' returned an object instead of string.FacebookTwitterEmailLinkedIn previous chapternext chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2022Pages: 107-135Print ISBN: 978-1-56990-891-4eISBN: 978-1-56990-892-1 Copyright & Permissions© 2022 Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KGPDF downloadLoading ...