gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Large-Scale Integration of Solid-State Microfluidic Valves With No Moving Parts (2005)

Abstract : This research concerns the development of a new kind of revolutionary design, solid-state microvalves that will permit the realization of complex microfluidic systems with arrays of hundreds of flow-control devices. Microfluidic systems have widespread applications in the implementation of immunological and genetic assays of both commercial and DoD interest. While fluidic capillary microchips made of glass, silicon, and plastic have been realized, their practical use has been so far confined to simple systems with very few assay steps such as PCR followed by electrophoresis or hybridization analyses. The scope of the project is focused on the elements necessary to demonstrate the feasibility of a simple, integratable, single element microvalves with no moving parts for microfluidic systems. A major goal of this program is the development of thin film active (and passive) polymer plugs that can be micromachined and integrated with microfluidic substrates to implement these plug valve devices.
Modeling battery formation: boosted SEI growth, multi-species reactions, and irreversible expansion (2023)

This work proposes a semi-empirical model for the SEI growth process during the early stages of lithium-ion battery formation cycling and aging. By combining a full-cell model which tracks half-cell equilibrium potentials, a zero-dimensional model of SEI growth kinetics, and a semi-empirical description of cell thickness expansion, the resulting model replicated experimental trends measured on a 2.5 Ah pouch cell, including the calculated first-cycle efficiency, measured cell thickness changes, and electrolyte reduction peaks during the first charge dQ/dV signal. This work also introduces an SEI growth boosting formalism that enables a unified description of SEI growth during both cycling and aging. This feature can enable future applications for modeling path-dependent aging over a cell's life. The model further provides a homogenized representation of multiple SEI reactions enabling the study of both solvent and additive consumption during formation. This work bridges the gap between electrochemical descriptions of SEI growth and applications towards improving industrial battery manufacturing process control where battery formation is an essential but time-consuming final step. We envision that the formation model can be used to predict the impact of formation protocols and electrolyte systems on SEI passivation and resulting battery lifetime.
3-D ultrasound calibration using a phantom with reduced complexity (2005)

The design rationale and motivation for a new phantom for 3D ultrasound calibration are presented. The phantom design is intended to present an alternative to complex 3D ultrasound calibration phantoms that require difficult or high precision fabrication. Registration precision of the calibration at a mean depth of 22.3 mm was found to be 1.26 mm. At the same mean depth, lengths of 10 mm and 20 mm were registered with mean absolute errors of 0.67 mm and 0.65 mm respectively. The volume of an egg phantom was scanned using a non-parallel image acquisition and was determined to within 1.7%. The calibration phantom is shown to require reduced complexity of fabrication yet produce comparable performance to existing calibration phantom designs.
Net Acceleration and Direct Measurement of Attosecond Electron Pulses in a Silicon Dielectric Laser Accelerator (2019)

Net acceleration of attosecond-scale electron pulses is critical to the development of on-chip accelerators. We demonstrate a silicon-based laser-driven two-stage accelerator as an injector stage prototype for a Dielectric Laser Accelerator (DLA). The first stage converts a 57-keV (500±100)-fs (FWHM) electron pulse into a pulse train of 700±200 as (FWHM) microbunches. The second stage harnesses the tunability of dual-drive DLA to perform both a net acceleration and a streaking measurement. In the acceleration mode, the second stage increases the net energy of the electron pulse by 200 eV over 12.25 μm. In the deflection mode, the microbunch temporal profile is analyzed by a direct streaking measurement with 200 as resolution. This work provides a demonstration of a novel, on-chip method to access the attosecond regime, opening new paths towards attosecond science using DLA.
Low Warpage Coreless Substrate for IC Packages (2012)

Coreless substrate is excellent for fine patterning, small via pitches, and transmission property, and it is a promising IC packaging method for the next generation. Warpage of coreless substrate is generally large compared to the other types of IC packaging substrates because of inadequate rigidity, so the most important problem for the application of coreless substrates for high-end BGAs is warpage reduction during a reflow process. So far, only a limited number of reports have been focused on coreless substrates for large size IC packages. Moreover, very few examples have discussed substrate layer structural designs for warpage reduction and reliability improvement in IC assembly processes. In our study, we focused on the development of coreless substrates for large size ICs. To achieve our goal, we adopted the following development procedure. First, we designed analytical models with different layer structures composed of two kinds of insulating materials and estimated the effective layer structures for warpage reduction by numerical analysis. Next, we prepared the real coreless substrates with the same structure as the analytical models and evaluated their actual thermal behavior. Finally, we investigated the thermal stress reliability of IC mounted substrates. As results of these examinations, we successfully developed low warpage and high reliable coreless substrate by introducing high rigidity materials only in the external layers of the substrate.
Supplementary Table S1 from <i>BIRC6</i> Targeting as Potential Therapy for Advanced, Enzalutamide-Resistant Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;The qPCR primer sequences used&lt;/p&gt;
Abnormal dielectric relaxations and giant permittivity in SrTiO 3 ceramic prepared by plasma activated sintering (2022)

Abstract In this study, the dielectric properties of SrTiO 3 ceramics prepared by plasma‐activated sintering (PAS) were investigated. One of the striking findings is that the material exhibits giant room temperature permittivity (k∼3.5 × 10 4 ) and low dielectric loss (∼0.05) at 1 kHz, with the permittivity exceeding that of the conventionally prepared SrTiO 3 （ST） ceramics (k∼300) by two orders of magnitude. The enhancement of the polarizability was caused by the high concentration of defect dipoles. In this paper, two dielectric relaxation modes of the PAS ceramics below 0°C have been mainly discussed. One dielectric relaxation mode showed higher activation energy than that of the dielectric peak in the same temperature range for the conventional SrTiO 3 ‐based ceramics. This mode was sensitive to humidity, and the strength of this mode was associated with the oxygen vacancies concentration in the ceramics. The other mode exhibited abnormal slowing down of relaxation rate with increasing temperature, which is contrary to the typical dielectric relaxation behavior, and the anomaly persisted over a narrow temperature range. Both modes were observed at the same interface between the grain and grain boundaries.
Statistical-Based Approach to Non-segmented Language Processing (2007)

Several approaches have been studied to cope with the exceptional features of non-segmented languages. When there is no explicit information about the boundary of a word, segmenting an input text is a formidable task in language processing. Not only the contemporary word list, but also usages of the words have to be maintained to cover the use in the current texts. The accuracy and efficiency in higher processing do heavily rely on this word boundary identification task. In this paper, we introduce some statistical based approaches to tackle the problem due to the ambiguity in word segmentation. The word boundary identification problem is then defined as a part of others for performing the unified language processing in total. To exhibit the ability in conducting the unified language processing, we selectively study the tasks of language identification, word extraction, and dictionary-less search engine.
A Protocol for Transrectal, Ultrasonography-guided, 41-core Prostate Needle Biopsy (2008)

Purpose: We evaluated the rate of prostate cancer detection using the transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) guided, 41-core prostate needle biopsy protocol. Materials and Methods: Between May 2006 and May 2007, 110 patients received a 12-core prostate needle biopsy (Group I) and 62 patients underwent a 41-core prostate needle biopsy (Group II) under local anesthesia. In addition to sextant biopsy, 41-core prostate needle biopsies were obtained from the each lateral peripheral zone (base, mid, and apex glands), midline peripheral zone (base, mid, and apex glands) and each transition zone. Results: There were no significant differences between the two groups for age, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), or prostate volume. The cancer detection rate in the Group I and Group II was 19.1% and 24.2%, respectively. We found a significantly higher detection rate in the 41-core biopsy with prostate volumes of more than 40cc (28.1% vs 11.3%). The intraoperative pain score was lower in Group II than Group I (1.57±1.45 vs 3.17±1.73, p<0.01). Conclusions: The 41-core prostate needle biopsy protocol is safe and intraoperative pain is low. The cancer detection rate of the 41-core prostate needle biopsy was higher than the 12-core prostate needle biopsy in patients with a prostate volume of more than 40cc. (Korean J Urol 2008; 49:122-126) 󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏
Using Decision Trees for Determining Attribute Weights in a Case-Based Model of Early Cost Prediction (2008)

This paper compares the performance of three different decision-tree-based methods of assigning attribute weights to be used in a case-based reasoning (CBR) prediction model. The generation of the attribute weights is performed by considering the presence, absence, and the positions of the attributes in the decision tree. This process and the development of the CBR simulation model are described in the paper. The model was tested by using data pertaining to the early design parameters and unit cost of the structural system of residential building projects. The CBR results indicate that the attribute weights generated by taking into account the information gain of all the attributes performed better than the attribute weights generated by considering only the appearance of attributes in the tree. The study is of benefit primarily to researchers, as it compares the impact of attribute weights generated by three different methods and, hence, highlights the fact that the prediction rate of models such as CBR largely depends on the data associated with the parameters used in the model.
Multiband Hot Photoluminescence from Nanocavity-Embedded Silicon Nanowire Arrays with Tunable Wavelength (2017)

Besides the well-known quantum confinement effect, hot luminescence from indirect bandgap Si provides a new and promising approach to realize monolithically integrated silicon optoelectronics due to phonon-assisted light emission. In this work, multiband hot photoluminescence is generated from Si nanowire arrays by introducing trapezoid-shaped nanocavities that support hybrid photonic-plasmonic modes. By continuously adjusting the geometric parameters of the Si nanowires with trapezoidal nanocavities, the multiband hot photoluminescence can be tuned in the range from visible to near-infrared independent of the excitation laser wavelength. The highly tunable wavelength bands and concomitant compatibility with Si-integrated electronics enable tailoring of silicon-based light sources suitable for next-generation optoelectronics devices.
A Computationally Efficient Planar Rigid Body Distance Metric (2009)

A means of assessing the quality of a given rigid body configuration relative to a desired position and orientation is developed. Here, the assessment is based on the desired positions of all particles that constitute the body. This measure of quality has previously been shown to meet the mathematical requirements of a metric. This metric, however, has been largely dismissed in practical application due to the difficulty in performing its calculation. This paper describes procedures to efficiently calculate this metric for planar positioning problems. A method of obtaining an analytical formulation for planar displacement for any polygonal body is presented. An approximation function for the metric is also presented. This approximation function is very easily calculated and provides an intuitive appreciation of the metric values. Calculation times for the metric for standard polygonal body geometries is on the order of 100 microseconds on a laptop computer. Calculation times for the approximation function for standard polygonal bodies is on the order of microseconds.
On the role of non-local Menger curvature in image processing (2015)

Curvature is a fundamental component in differential geometry. It is used extensively in signal, image and shape processing, as a feature and in segmentation flows and regularization processes. In this paper we extend the notion of curvature in two ways. First, we present the Menger curvature which goes beyond classical curves and Riemannian manifolds to general metric spaces and is rigorously defined on a variety of discrete settings. We further extend the curvature to become a non-local entity using an adaptive, non-local integration measure, allowing curvature to be computed in a robust manner. Examples on natural and textural images highlight potential applications of these new concepts.
Hydrothermal−Electrochemical Synthesis of ZnO Nanorods (2009)

Vertically aligned ZnO nanorods having high optical quality were prepared by a hydrothermal−electrochemical method. The nanorods were synthesized in a Zn(NO3)2 aqueous solution on Si substrates which were coated with a platinum conducting layer and a ZnO seed layer. They possessed a single-crystal würtzite structure and grew along the c-axis, perpendicular to the substrates. The height and diameter of the ZnO nanorods were up to ∼4.3 μm and 90−150 nm, respectively. The morphological, structural, and photoluminescence properties of the ZnO nanorods were examined with respect to the growth temperature (120−180 °C) and the presence of NaOH additive. The nanorods synthesized at high temperature (180 °C) exhibited a strong UV emission and a weak defect-related visible emission leading to a UV−visible ratio of ∼230. This high optical quality was attributed to the increased growth rate of ZnO nanorods (∼4.3 μm/h) which was caused by the high growth temperature (180 °C). This was based on the fact that the ZnO phase is thermodynamically more favorable than the defect-related Zn(OH)2 phase at higher temperature. Since the growth temperature was compatible with polymer materials, our synthetic method may provide a promising way for fabricating high performance optoelectronic devices on flexible polymer substrates.
A robust control method for electrostatic microbeam dynamic shaping with capacitive detection (2008)

International audience
Supplemental Tables S1 - S7 from Harnessing Connectivity in a Large-Scale Small-Molecule Sensitivity Dataset (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Table S1. Small-molecule Informer Set Description of the small-molecule informer set used in the sensitivity profiling experiment, including protein target or activity. Supplemental Table S2.Cancer cell-line panel Description of the cancer cell lines profiled in this experiment; for a clarification of growth media compositions, see Supplemental Table S10. Supplemental Table S3. Area-under-sensitivity-curve values Area-under-sensitivity-curve (AUC) values for each compound-cell line pair using the indices provided in Supplemental Table S1 and Supplemental Table S2. Supplemental Table S4. Compound target annotations. Compound target annotations used for ACME analysis of the compound dendrogram. Supplemental Table S5. Cellular feature annotations Cellular feature annotations used for ACME analysis of the cell-line dendrogram. Supplemental Table S6. Cell-line mutation annotations Mutation annotations of the cancer cell lines used in ACME analysis of the cell-line dendrogram. Supplemental Table S7. ACME results table Results of ACME analysis of sensitivity profiling data.&lt;/p&gt;
Eagle XG® glass, optical constants from 230 to 1690 nm (0.73 - 5.39 eV) by spectroscopic ellipsometry (2016)

Eagle XG® glass is widely used in the manufacture of electronic displays. Spectroscopic ellipsometry and transmission data for this material were obtained from 193 to 1690 nm. The optical constants of the material were then modeled from 230 to 1690 nm. The data were initially fit with a basis spline (B-spline), and these results were used as the starting point for either a two-Gaussian oscillator model or a Tauc-Lorentz (T-L) + Gaussian oscillator model. Both models gave good fits, with unweighted mean squared error values of ca. 1.1. Samples were provided by Corning Incorporated directly from their production facility.
Measurement of prompt Ds+-meson production and azimuthal anisotropy in Pb–Pb collisions at sNN=5.02TeV (2022)

The production yield and angular anisotropy of prompt Ds+ mesons were measured as a function of transverse momentum (pT) in Pb–Pb collisions at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair sNN=5.02TeV collected with the ALICE detector at the LHC. Ds+ mesons and their charge conjugates were reconstructed at midrapidity (|y|<0.5) from their hadronic decay channel Ds+→ϕπ+, with ϕ→K−K+, in the pT intervals 2<pT<50GeV/c and 2<pT<36GeV/c for the 0–10% and 30–50% centrality intervals. For pT>10GeV/c, the measured Ds+-meson nuclear modification factor RAA is consistent with the one of non-strange D mesons within uncertainties, while at lower pT a hint for a Ds+-meson RAA larger than that of non-strange D mesons is seen. The enhanced production of Ds+ relative to non-strange D mesons is also studied by comparing the pT-dependent Ds+/D0 production yield ratios in Pb–Pb and in pp collisions. The ratio measured in Pb–Pb collisions is found to be on average higher than that in pp collisions in the interval 2<pT<8GeV/c with a significance of 2.3σ and 2.4σ for the 0–10% and 30–50% centrality intervals. The azimuthal anisotropy coefficient v2 of prompt Ds+ mesons was measured in Pb–Pb collisions in the 30–50% centrality interval and is found to be compatible with that of non-strange D mesons. The main features of the measured RAA, Ds+/D0 ratio, and v2 as a function of pT are described by theoretical calculations of charm-quark transport in a hydrodynamically expanding quark–gluon plasma including hadronisation via charm-quark recombination with light quarks from the medium. The pT-integrated production yield of Ds+ mesons is compatible with the prediction of the statistical hadronisation model.
<title>New-type of pseudorandom position optical encoder with submicrometer resolution: design and characterization</title> (1994)

The characteristics of a new twin-track absolute position optical encoder are presented. One tract containing a pseudorandom code and the second a periodic pattern are synchronously engraved on a glass slab. The optical reading head design composed of a LED, a gradient index lens and a linear CCD array, with simple intensity-based signal processing to read the code pattern is described in detail. This design is combined with a standard Moire method to enhance resolution. Performance enhancement of the optical reading head is studied in terms of track illumination versus code density, detector geometry versus the lens point-spread function (Airy disk); and reduction of extrinsic spatial noise by the application of thick films. Each parameter was considered in terms of the optimal field of view and depth of field of the system.
Databases for Chemical and Biological Information (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Database Management Systems for Chemistry and Biology Informational Structure of Bioactivity Databases Available Biological and Bioactivity Databases Conclusions References
Blocked early-stage latency in the peripheral blood cells of certain individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. (1992)

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infections of humans have a natural history characterized by a variable but usually slow progression to an immunodeficient state. We have described a molecular model of HIV-1 proviral latency in certain cell lines, characterized by extremely low or undetectable levels of unspliced genomic HIV-1-specific RNA but significant levels of multiply spliced HIV-1-specific RNA. We have utilized a quantitative reverse transcriptase-initiated polymerase chain reaction to measure the levels of various HIV-1 RNA species in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The median level of multiply spliced HIV-1 RNA was dramatically higher than the median level of unspliced viral RNA in asymptomatic individuals. In addition, HIV-1 RNA patterns characterized by at least a 10-fold excess of multiply spliced to unspliced viral RNA were significantly more common in asymptomatic individuals than in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. We suggest that asymptomatic clinical HIV-1 infection is characterized by a preponderance of HIV-1-infected peripheral blood cells blocked at an early stage of HIV-1 infection. This viral expression pattern, which we have called blocked early-stage latency, may constitute a reservoir of latently infected cells in certain HIV-1-infected persons.
Nondegenerate two-photon absorption in GaAs/AlGaAs multiple quantum well waveguides (2020)

This paper presents theory and experimental measurements of nondegenerate two-photon absorption in semiconductor quantum well waveguides. The results give insight into the nature of optical transitions in quantum wells as well as an indication that huge enhancement of two-photon absorption may be possible for more highly nondegenerate interactions.
Surface smoothing during plasma etching of Si in Cl2 (2016)

Effects of initial roughness on the evolution of plasma-induced surface roughness have been investigated during Si etching in inductively coupled Cl2 plasmas, as a function of rf bias power or ion incident energy in the range Ei ≈ 20–500 eV. Experiments showed that smoothing of initially rough surfaces as well as non-roughening of initially planar surfaces can be achieved by plasma etching in the smoothing mode (at high Ei) with some threshold for the initial roughness, above which laterally extended crater-like features were observed to evolve during smoothing. Monte Carlo simulations of the surface feature evolution indicated that the smoothing/non-roughening is attributed primarily to reduced effects of the ion scattering or reflection from microscopically roughened feature surfaces on incidence.