gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluating drilling and suctioning technique in a mastoidectomy simulator. (2007)

This paper presents several new metrics related to bone removal and suctioning technique in the context of a mastoidectomy simulator. The expertise with which decisions as to which regions of bone to remove and which to leave intact is evaluated by building a Naïve Bayes classifier using training data from known experts and novices. Since the bone voxel mesh is very large, and many voxels are always either removed or not removed regardless of expertise, the mutual information was calculated for each voxel and only the most informative voxels used for the classifier. Leave-out-one cross validation showed a high correlation of calculated expert probabilities with scores assigned by instructors. Additional metrics described in this paper include those for assessing smoothness of drill strokes, proper drill burr selection, sufficiency of suctioning, two-handed tool coordination, and application of appropriate force and velocity magnitudes as functions of distance from critical structures.
04301 Abstracts Collection – Cache-Oblivious and Cache-Aware Algorithms (2005)

The Dagstuhl Seminar 04301 ``Cache-Oblivious and Cache-Aware Algorithms'' was held in the International Conference and Research Center (IBFI), Schloss Dagstuhl, from 18.07.2004 to 23.07.2004. During the seminar, several participants presented their current research, and ongoing work and open problems were discussed. Abstracts of the presentations given during the seminar as well as abstracts of seminar results and ideas are put together in this paper. The first section describes the seminar topics and goals in general. Links to extended abstracts or full papers are provided, if available.
Straight-chain alkanediol derivatives leading to glassy cholesteric liquid crystals with visible reflection (2020)

Straight-chain alkanediols such as ethylene glycol are commonly found in our daily life as they are used to produce cosmetics, antifreezes, polyesters and polyurethanes. In this article, we report on the promising potential use of straight-chain alkanediols for rewritable full-colour imaging applications by the preparation of glassy cholesteric liquid crystals (G-CLCs). A series of straight-chain alkanediol derivatives possessing two cholesteryl groups through carbonate ester linkages (Cn-DiCh) showed thermotropic cholesteric liquid crystal phase with visible reflection. The thermally induced shifting ranges of reflection peaks were dependent on the central carbon chain length (n) of Cn-DiCh. Although the pristine Cn-DiCh showed narrow wavelength ranges of the reflection peaks by changing the temperature, we successfully prepared a mixture of two different kinds of Cn-DiCh at their equivalent weight ratio, which exhibited the reflection peak shift throughout a wide visible-wavelength range between 400 nm and 850 nm. Moreover, the binary mixtures of Cn-DiCh were rapidly cooled from the CLC temperatures to 0°C, whereupon the reflection colours could be preserved even at room temperature over 2 months. Such rapid cooling treatment enabled the straightforward preparation of solid-state G-CLCs with visible reflection characteristics, thereby leading to the applications of rewritable full-colour imaging media.
Market Visions: The Interplay of Ideas and Institutions in Chinese Financial Restructuring (2004)

In studies of transitional systems, negative economic outcomes are often associated with ‘partial’ or ‘stalled’ reform – a reform that signifies an institutional departure from standard market operation. Such departures are often traced to socio-political contestation or political preferences. Focusing on China's intertwined financial and enterprise reforms, this paper challenges that approach on two fronts. First, it argues that institutional change and resultant economic outcomes are driven less by contestation than by societally held assumptions regarding the nature of economic causation in market contexts. The analytical lenses that actors employ to understand their environment shape expectations about how markets function, influence the manner by which economic problems are diagnosed, and profoundly affect the ultimate institutional evolution of the system. Second, such lenses are necessitated by substantial uncertainties at the theoretical level regarding market function – uncertainties that make characterizations of economic behavior as ‘irrational’ highly problematic.
Table S5 from Chemogenomic Landscape of <i>RUNX1</i>-mutated AML Reveals Importance of <i>RUNX1</i> Allele Dosage in Genetics and Glucocorticoid Sensitivity (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Genes and positions investigated using km approach.&lt;/p&gt;
CIP2A interacts with TopBP1 and is selectively essential for DNA damage-induced basal-like breast cancer tumorigenesis (2020)

Abstract Despite saturated genetic profiling of breast cancers, oncogenic drivers for the clinically challenging basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) subtype are still poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that CIP2A is selectively essential for DNA damage-induced initiation of mouse BLBC tumors, but not of other cancer types. Mechanistically, CIP2A was discovered genome-widely the closest functional homologue for DNA-damage proteins TopBP1, RHNO, POLQ, NBN and PARP1. CIP2A directly interacts with the ATR-activation domain of TopBP1, and dampens both, chromatin binding of TopBP1 and RAD51, and G2/M checkpoint in DNA-damaged cells. CIP2A also drives BLBC-associated proliferative MYC and E2F1 signaling. Consistently with high DNA-damage response activity BLBCs, and CIP2A’s novel role in checkpoint signaling, CIP2A was found essential for DNA-damaged, and BRCA-mutant BLBC cells. Selective role for CIP2A as BLBC driver was supported by association of high CIP2A expression with poor patient prognosis only in BLBC, but not in other breast cancer types. Therapeutically, small molecule reactivators of PP2A (SMAPs) phenocopy CIP2A-dependent DNA damage response, and inhibit in vivo growth of patient-derived BLBC xenograft. In summary, we discover sub-type selective essential role for CIP2A in BLBC initiation and maintenance that can be explained by its newly discovered association with DNA-damage response, coordinated with regulation of proliferative signaling. The results also identify therapeutic strategy for CIP2A-dependent BLBCs.
Polymer photonics and nano-materials for optical communication (2018)

Polymer materials offer process compatibility, design flexibility, and low cost technology as a multi-functional platform for optical communication and photonics applications. Design and thermal reflowing technology of low loss polymer waveguides, as well as demonstration of transparent wood laser are presented in this paper.
The impact of preoperative neurological symptom severity on postoperative outcomes in cervical spondylotic myelopathy (2022)

Although patients with moderate-to-severe myelopathy improved for all outcomes, they did not achieve normal absolute neurological function, indicating potential irreversible spinal cord changes. Early surgical intervention should be considered in patients with mild myelopathy if they seek to prevent progressive neurological decline over time.
Fabrication and Characteristics of Multi-Terminal SINIS Devices (2005)

We fabricated and measured multi-terminal SINIS devices (where S, I, and N denote a superconductor, an insulator, and a normal metal, respectively) with the Nb/Al/AlO/sub x//Al/AlO/sub x//Al/Nb structure. The multilayered SINIS structure was fabricated in-situ using sputter deposition of Nb and Al, and thermal oxidation of the Al layers to grow the tunnel barriers. Devices with a characteristic size of about 10 /spl mu/m were formed via an optical-lithography process that included making an electrical contact to the middle Al layer (16-19 nm thick). Current-voltage characteristics of the devices were measured in different modes (i. e., by feeding the current across the whole device, through each of the junctions, and through the middle Al film) at low temperatures (1.4-4.2 K). Specifically, the devices were tested in a transistor-like configuration to explore the influence of current injection through a SIN junction and the N film on the Josephson critical current and quasiparticle characteristic of the SINIS junction as a whole, and on the characteristics of the second junction.
Nematic Liquid Crystals with Negative Dielectric Anisotropy: Molecular Design and Synthesis (1999)

Despite their relatively uniform structural appearance, the synthesis of liquid crystalline materials for modern display applications involves a broad range of different synthetic methods, such as heterocyclic chemistry, ortho-metallation, transition metal catalyzed carbon-carbon coupling reactions or stereoselective hydrofluorination. This account aims to give an impression of the ongoing challenge to introduce these complex techniques into industrial practice, and to keep pace with the more and more rapid advance of display technology.
Measurement of Surface Residence Times of Halogen-Containing Molecules on Sea-Salt Mimics A contribution to subproject CMD (1999)

Heterogeneous reactions of halogen containing atmospheric trace gases, such as C1ONO2 and C1NO2 on sea-salt aerosols, have been shown to play an important role in the marine troposphere as they may change the oxidative capacity of the troposphere (Versino, 1996). C1ONO: is a reservoir for active chlorine which is formed in the gas phase in the presence of NOx; C1NO2 is produced via the heterogeneous reaction of Os on NaCl. Either compound may interact with alkali halide surfaces to produce a more readily photolysable halogencontaining gas:
Colloidal processing of metal bonded niobium carbide (2017)

Manufacturing of Niobium carbide cermets with nickel binder and different additions of titanium carbide has been realized by colloidal processing in aqueous environment.
Performance metrics and enabling technologies for nanoplasmonic biosensors (2018)

Nanoplasmonic structures can tightly confine light onto a material's surface to probe biomolecular interactions not easily accessed by other sensing techniques. New and exciting developments in nanofabrication processes, nano-optical trapping, graphene devices, mid-infrared spectroscopy, and metasurfaces will greatly empower the performance and functionalities of nanoplasmonic sensors.
Results From the IQ‐CSRC Prospective Study Support Replacement of the Thorough QT Study by QT Assessment in the Early Clinical Phase (2015)

The QT effects of five "QT-positive" and one negative drug were tested to evaluate whether exposure-response analysis can detect QT effects in a small study with healthy subjects. Each drug was given to nine subjects (six for placebo) in two dose levels; positive drugs were chosen to cause 10 to 12 ms and 15 to 20 ms QTcF prolongation. The slope of the concentration/ΔQTc effect was significantly positive for ondansetron, quinine, dolasetron, moxifloxacin, and dofetilide. For the lower dose, an effect above 10 ms could not be excluded, i.e., the upper bound of the confidence interval for the predicted mean ΔΔQTcF effect was above 10 ms. For the negative drug, levocetirizine, a ΔΔQTcF effect above 10 ms was excluded at 6-fold the therapeutic dose. The study provides evidence that robust QT assessment in early-phase clinical studies can replace the thorough QT study.
Measurement of permanent vectorial photoinduced anisotropy in azo-dye-doped photoresist using polarization holography (2002)

In this paper, we reveal properties of a new optical material, which consists of a laboratory photoresist doped with Disperse Red 1 azo-dye molecules. First, we describe briefly the material that we developed and its physical behaviour. Then, we give the empirical results that we obtained on the photoinduced anisotropy (dichroism and birefringence) of the material. We observed a reorientation of azo-dye centres and, then, a permanent and non-reversible fixing of the optically induced orientation of the dyes by the cross-linking of the photopolymer. Finally, we measured a permanent vectorial photoinduced anisotropy persisting over more than 65 days, by using a holographic polarization grating generated from the interference between two orthogonal left and right circularly polarized beams.
Improved Core-Loss Calculation for Magnetic Components Employed in Power Electronic Systems (2011)

In modern power electronic systems, voltages across inductors or transformers generally show rectangular shapes, including periods of zero voltage. In the stage of zero applied voltage (constant flux), core losses are not necessarily zero. At the beginning of a period of constant flux, losses still occur in the material. This is due to relaxation processes. A physical explanation about magnetic relaxation is given and a new core-loss modeling approach that takes relaxation effects into consideration is introduced. The new loss model is called improved-improved generalized Steinmetz equation and it has been verified experimentally.
Table S1 from Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Remodel the Tumor Immune Environment to Enhance Immune Checkpoint Blockade Efficacy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Table S1&lt;/p&gt;
Recombinant Interleukin 1 and Tumor Necrosis Factor Acting in Synergy to Release Thromboxane, 6-KETO-PGF1α, and PGEI2, by Human Neutrophils (1988)

The cyclooxgenase pathway promotes formation of an endoperoxide that is the precursor of prostaglandins (PG), throm boxanes (Tx) and prostacyclines (PGI2), all of which have important biologic activities. In this study, we examined the ability of human polymorphonuclears (PMN) to synthesize TRxA2, 6-KETO-PGF1α and PGE2 in response to human recombinant interleukin 1 (IL1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alone and in combination. Blood was obtained from healthy donors and whole blood was centrifuged over Ficoll-Hypaque in 2% dextran for 30 min. PM Ns were resuspended in Gey's buffer, exposed to the IL1 and TNFF at 300 ng/ml and 0.5 ng/ml concentrations, and incubate for 30 min. at 106 Cell/ml. Results indicate that IL1 and TNF alone have little or no effect on human neutrophils synthesize TxA2, 6-KETO-PGF1α and PGE2 production. This effect was completely inhibited by two non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (Le. indomethacin and proglumetacin).
The strength of PIN–PMN–PT single crystals under bending with a longitudinal electric field (2011)

The effect of an electric field on the bending behavior of [001] oriented and poled relaxor Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3–Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–PbTiO3 (PIN–PMN–PT) single crystals was measured using a four point bending apparatus with a longitudinal electric field applied to the bar during bending. The surface finish and electric field amplitude were observed to affect the bending strength. Polished surfaces improve the tensile strength, while also polishing the edges resulted in a significantly larger increase in strength. Application of a DC electric field in the polarization direction during the tests reduced the strength. The four point bending apparatus also produces both tensile and compressive stress–strain curves for the material. Uniaxial compressive loading with an electric field in the [001] direction was carried out to compare the stress versus strain behavior measured in bending with that measured in uniaxial compression. Although the uniaxial compression behavior displays effects of a rhombohedral to orthorhombic phase transformation, this behavior is not observed on the compressive side in the bend bars.
Propranolol-induced hyperreactivity in guinea-pig lung parenchyma strips: possible role of histamine. (1993)

In vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated that beta-adrenoceptor blockers enhance the airway smooth muscle contraction to antigen, but the mechanisms are not fully understood. In the present work, we corroborated that propranolol (3.9 x 10(-6) M, 30 min incubation) induces hyperreactivity to antigenic challenge (cumulative concentration-response curve to ovalbumin, 0.01 to 100 micrograms/ml) in lung parenchyma strips from sensitized guinea-pigs. This hyperreactivity was enhanced by indomethacin (3.2 x 10(-5) M) and was unaffected by the lipoxygenase/cyclooxygenase inhibitor phenidone (1 x 10(-4) M). However, the histamine H1 receptor antagonist pyrilamine (1 x 10(-6) M) reduced the potentiation effect of propranolol. These results suggest that bronchoconstrictor prostaglandins, thromboxane A2 and leukotrienes, are not involved in the propranolol-induced lung parenchyma strips hyperreactivity to antigen in vitro, and that histamine may account, at least in part, for such propranolol effect.
Herpes simplex virus vectors for gene transfer to the nervous system. (1997)

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) represents a candidate gene transfer vector for the treatment of nervous system disease. It has many natural biological features which make it attractive for gene delivery to a variety of tissues. The virus naturally establishes a latency in sensory neurons of the peripheral nervous system, wherein the virus in maintained as an extrachromosomal DNA element in the absence of viral lytic gene expression without altering the metabolism of the host neuron. The virus possesses a neuronal latency-specific promoter system which remains active long-term, while other viral and cellular promoters are repressed. Replication defective virus recombinants have been engineered to delete multiple essential immediate early gene functions rendering these new mutants significantly less cytotoxic to neurons and other cells in culture. Further developments in regulating transgene expression and reducing virus toxicity will continue to aid the design and use of these vectors for therapeutic applications for the nervous system.
Chiral‐at‐Metal Octahedral Iridium Catalyst for the Asymmetric Construction of an All‐Carbon Quaternary Stereocenter (2013)

Metall-vermittelte Organokatalyse: Der enantioselektive Aufbau quartärer Stereozentren wird durch die Ligandensphäre eines inerten bis-cyclometallierten Iridiumkomplexes (siehe Bild) katalysiert. In diesem Komplex dient allein die metallzentrierte Chiralität als Quelle für die effektive asymmetrische Induktion. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Physical and chemical characterization of laser-recorded phase-change marks on amorphous Ge2Sb2Te5 thin films (2011)

As-deposited thin films of Ge2Sb2Te5 are investigated for the purpose of understanding the local electrical conductivity and structural phase-transitions of recorded marks under the influence of focused laser beam. We have written on these films micron-sized crystalline marks, ablated holes surrounded by crystalline rings, and other multi-ring structures containing both amorphous and crystalline zones with the aid of a focused laser beam. The high-contrast conductivity of GST recorded marks under various illumination conditions were investigated using Conductive-Atomic Force Microscopy (C-AFM). Also, selective chemical etching of recorded marks in conjunction with optical, atomic force, and electron microscopy as well as local electron diffraction analysis are used to discern the complex structural features created under a broad range of laser powers and pulse durations. Clarifying the nature of physical and chemical characterization associated with laser-recorded marks in chalcogenide Ge2Sb2Te5 thin films provides useful information for reversible optical and electronic data storage, as well as for phase-change (thermal) lithography.
Characterisation of High-k Containing Nanolayers by Reference-Free X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis with Synchrotron Radiation (2009)

Using reference-free X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF) in different geometries carried out in the laboratory of the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt at the electron storage ring BESSY II in Berlin various nanolayered systems have been investigated. As an example the investigation of Hf containing thin oxide layers is shown. For comparison reasons these samples have been also measured by X-ray reflectometry (XRR) in the PTB laboratory and by other partners within the ANNA project, which confirmed the thickness of the Hf containing top layers determined by XRF within their respective uncertainties. The XRF spectra were deconvolved employing the detector response functions to deduce the intensity of the corresponding Hf L3 fluorescence lines. The investigation of nanolayered systems especially in the lower energy range shows advantages, like different absorption conditions which allow for better dynamics and the suppression of the silicon fluorescence signal from the substrate, but needs more effort in determining the respective fundamental parameters.
Data Supplement from Reversible LSD1 Inhibition Interferes with Global EWS/ETS Transcriptional Activity and Impedes Ewing Sarcoma Tumor Growth (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table S1. Differentially Expressed Genes by RNA-seq.&lt;/p&gt;
High-Q Lithium Niobate Microcavities and Their Applications (2020)

Lithium niobate (LN) is an excellent nonlinear optical and electro-optic material that has found many applications in classical nonlinear optics, optical fiber communications and quantum photonics. Here we review the recent development of thin-film LN technology that has allowed the miniaturization of LN photonic devices and microcavities with ultrahigh quality factors. We discuss the design principle of LN devices that makes use of the largest nonlinear coefficients, various device fabrication approaches and resulting device performances, and the current and potential applications of LN microcavities.
A Single Phosphorodiamidate Morpholino Oligomer Targeting VP24 Protects Rhesus Monkeys against Lethal Ebola Virus Infection (2015)

Several West African countries are currently being ravaged by an outbreak of Ebola virus (EBOV) that has become a major epidemic affecting not only these African countries but also Europe and the United States. A better understanding of the mechanism of virulence of EBOV is important for the development of effective treatments, as no licensed treatments or vaccines for EBOV disease are currently available. This study of phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PMOs) targeting the mRNAs of two different EBOV proteins, alone and in combination, demonstrated that targeting a single protein was effective at conferring a significant survival benefit in an EBOV lethal primate model. Future development of PMOs with efficacy against EBOV will be simplified if only one PMO is required instead of a combination, particularly in terms of regulatory approval.