gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Magnetization transfer ratio measurement in multiple sclerosis normal-appearing brain tissue: limited differences with controls but relationships with clinical and MR measures of disease (2007)

We investigated the magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) of normal-appearing white (NAWM) and grey matter (NAGM) in a relatively large group of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, and the relations of MTR changes with clinical disability. MTR was measured in 66 MS patients (12 PP, 35 RR, 19 SP) and 23 healthy controls, using a whole-brain 3D-FLASH technique corrected post-hoc for B1-induced variation. Histogram parameters of conservatively selected NAWM and cortical NAGM were analysed using Bonferroni-corrected ANOVA with age as covariate. Additionally, manually outlined regions of interest were analysed using a multilevel method. Lesions had low MTR (mean 22.7+/-6.9%), but NAWM exhibited limited changes: MTR histogram peak position was 32.8+/-1.0% in controls and 32.4+/-0.9% in MS patients, with a significant decrease compared to controls only in SPMS patients (31.9+/-1.1%, p=0.045). Cortical NAGM histograms did not differ significantly between patients and controls. In SPMS, regional mean MTR was significantly decreased in corpus callosum and hippocampus. MTR histogram parameters of NAGM and NAWM were correlated with EDSS and MSFC scores, with lesion volume and with normalized brain volume. We conclude that disease-induced MTR changes were small in MS NAWM and NAGM, but did correlate with clinical decline, lesion volume and overall cerebral atrophy.
Impulsivity and Compulsivity After Subthalamic Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson’s Disease (2020)

Impulsivity and compulsivity are prominent non-motor problems in Parkinson's disease (PD). Despite 20 years of research, there is still an ongoing debate as to whether subthalamic deep brain stimulation (STN DBS) for PD exacerbates or improves these symptoms. Here, we review how STN DBS affects clinical symptoms and neurocognitive aspects of impulsivity and compulsivity. When comparing patients post- to pre-surgery, in the majority of studies STN DBS for PD is associated with a decrease in clinically diagnosed impulse-control disorders and disorders of compulsivity. To avoid confounds, such as post-surgical decreases in dopaminergic medication doses, comparisons can also be made between DBS "On" versus "Off" conditions. These experimentally assayed effects of STN DBS with respect to neurocognitive aspects of impulsivity and compulsivity are more mixed. STN DBS improves behavioral flexibility without impairing negative feedback learning, delay discounting, or inhibitory control, as long as stimulation is restricted to the dorsal STN. However, STN DBS may drive impulsive actions when a subject is faced with competing choices. We discuss how motivated responses may be either enhanced or impaired by STN DBS depending on engagement of dorsal or ventral STN-mediated circuits. Future studies should combine structural and functional circuit measures with behavioral testing in PD patients on and off medication and stimulation. A more sophisticated understanding of how to modulate cortico-striatal-thalamo-cortical loops will increase the likelihood that these circuit manipulation techniques can successfully be applied to a wider range of neuropsychiatric disorders.
Nonlinear Optical Rectennas (2013)

We introduce strongly-coupled optical gap antennas to interface optical radiation with current-carrying electrons at the nanoscale. The transducer relies on the nonlinear optical and electrical properties of an optical antenna operating in the tunneling regime. We discuss the underlying physical mechanisms controlling the conversion and demonstrate that a two-wire optical antenna can provide advanced optoelectronic functionalities beyond tailoring the electromagnetic response of a single emitter. Interfacing an electronic command layer with a nanoscale optical device may thus be facilitated by the optical rectennas discussed here.
Interference of Phosphate in Adsorption of Arsenate and Arsenite over Confined Metastable Two-Line Ferrihydrite and Magnetite (2021)

Contamination of groundwater by arsenic (As(III/V)) is a serious global issue, and phosphate (P(V)) is known to be the biggest interference in adsorption-based remediation methods. The present study is focused on understanding the interaction between phosphate and iron oxides/oxy-hydroxides with two well-known classes of potential adsorbents in the important pH range of 5–9 and the effect of such interactions on the uptake of arsenite and arsenate. Spectroscopic studies such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were used to understand the binding of various oxyanions of phosphorous and arsenic with the iron oxides/oxy-hydroxides, exploring the core levels of P 2p and Fe 2p. Materials used for adsorption experiments were magnetite (MAG) and a nanocomposite, confined metastable two-line ferrihydrite (CM2LF); CM2LF is used for arsenic remediation in the affected states in India. Further, we studied the interference of P(V) in As(III/V) adsorption. The kinetics of adsorption was quantified using ion chromatography (IC), where P(V) alone followed a pseudo-second-order model. In the case of mixed solutions, namely, APmix1 (P(V) + As(III)) and APmix2 (P(V) + As(V)), kinetics data suggested that P(V) or As(III/V) oxyanions partially follow the pseudo-second-order model. Results also confirmed that CM2LF performed better than magnetite (MAG) for As(III/V) uptake in the presence of P(V). As(III) and As(V) species are more competitive than P(V) at neutral pH. A model for the adsorption of P(V) species in water on ferrihydrite particles was developed using density functional theory (DFT). This accounted for phosphate complexation at various pH values. The study is highly useful in developing an affordable solution for sustainable arsenic remediation. Various aspects of sustainability are discussed.
Robustness evaluation of grid-tied AC-stacked PV inverter system considering manufacturing inaccuracies (2016)

This paper evaluates the impact of manufacturing inaccuracies and aging on robust operation of distributed AC-stacked PV inverters. A novel index for analyzing the robustness of grid-tied AC-stacked PV inverter architectures has been used in this paper. Utilized index by considering four major operational characteristics such as conversion efficiency, Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) effectiveness and Power Factor (PF) compliance provides a comparative evaluation of PV inverters in different conditions and applications. Statistical analysis and Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) algorithm are used to model the impact uncertainties on robust operation of individual and AC-stacked PV inverters with minimum sampling point. Uncertainties which are considered in this paper are physical variations of passive components due to manufacturing inaccuracies and aging and also sensing inaccuracies. Boundary of robustness of grid-tied AC-stacked PV inverter architecture for each uncertainty is determined and compared with single inverter to verify the feasibility of the operation of grid-tied AC-stacked PV inverter architecture. Simulation and experimental results verifies the feasibility of the robust operation of Ac-stacked PV inverters.
Fluctuating surface-current formulation of radiative heat transfer for arbitrary geometries (2012)

We describe a fluctuating surface-current formulation of radiative heat transfer, applicable to arbitrary geometries, that directly exploits standard, efficient, and sophisticated techniques from the boundary-element method. We validate as well as extend previous results for spheres and cylinders, and also compute the heat transfer in a more complicated geometry consisting of two interlocked rings. Finally, we demonstrate that the method can be readily adapted to compute the spatial distribution of heat flux on the surface of the interacting bodies.
Phagocytosis Inhibits F-Actin-Enriched Membrane Protrusions Stimulated by Fractalkine (CX3CL1) and Colony-Stimulating Factor 1 (2009)

Cryptococcus neoformans is the only encapsulated human-pathogenic fungus and a facultative intracellular pathogen that can reside in macrophages without host cell lysis. In the present study, we investigated how phagocytosis of C. neoformans affected the macrophage response to chemoattractants such as fractalkine (FKN) (CX3CL1) and colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1). Phagocytosis of immunoglobulin G (IgG)-opsonized C. neoformans and IgG- or C3bi-opsonized sheep erythrocytes was performed using a RAW 264.7 subline (LR5 cells) and bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMM). The chemotactic response to FKN or CSF-1 was quantitated by measurement of the formation of F-actin-enriched membrane protrusions (ruffles), which showed that FKN or CSF-1 stimulated strong transient ruffling in both LR5 cells and BMM. This stimulated cell ruffling was inhibited by phagocytosis in an intracellular-pathogen-number-dependent manner. The inhibition of ruffling was not simply a result of reduced membrane availability since membrane sequestration by sucrose treatment did not inhibit the ruffling response. The phagocytosis process was required to inhibit ruffling as BMM from Fc gamma (-/-) mice that bound C. neoformans but did not ingest it retained the ability to ruffle in response to chemoattractants. These results imply that the inhibition of FKN- or CSF-1-stimulated cell ruffling was a direct consequence of the phagocytosis process. Since cell ruffling is a prelude to chemotaxis, this observation links two functions of macrophages that are critical to host defense, chemotaxis and phagocytosis. Phagocytosis-induced chemotactic suppression may enhance host defense by keeping these antimicrobial effector cells at infected sites and reduce the likelihood of microbial spread by wandering macrophages containing infectious cargo.
Decoding property of C5 uridine modification at the wobble position of tRNA anticodon (2003)

Post-transcriptional modification at the first (wobble) position of the tRNA anticodon participates in precise decoding of the genetic code. We recently identified a novel taurine-containing modified uridine (tau m5U; 5-taurinomethyluridine) at the wobble position of mammalian mitochondrial tRNAs and found lack of this modification in mutant mitochondrial tRNAs from human pathogenic cells of the mitochondrial encephalomyopathies, investigate molecular pathogenesis of the diseases, decoding activity of wobble uridines with or without C5 modification was measured using E. coli cell-free translation system. It has been revealed that C5 modification has a functional role for stabilizing U:G wobble base pair.
Thermostable poly(p‐phenylene sulfide sulfonic acid) as ion exchangers (1994)

Abstract Poly(p‐phenylene sulfide sulfonic acid) was thermally crosslinked for use as a cation exchange polymer with high thermal stability. The decomposition temperature (T d ) of the polymer increases with an increase in the crosslinking temperature. The crosslinking reaction at 300°C in air resulted in the formation of a strongly acidic cation exchange polymer with a T = 467°C and having an SO 2 bond, whose crosslinked structure was investigated using IR spectroscopy.
Investigations of Electrochemical Silver Nanocrystal Growth on Hydrogen-Terminated Silicon(100) (1998)

Silver nanoparticles having a mean height ranging from 2 to 20 nm have been electrodeposited on hydrogen-terminated n2+-Si(100) surfaces. The deposition of silver was carried out potentiostatically from dilute ([Ag+] = 1 mM) acetonitrile-based solutions using a large overpotential, Eappl = −800 mV versus Ag+/Ag0, and a voltage pulse duration ranging from 2 to 25 ms. Under these conditions, less than 0.20 of a silver monolayer was deposited, and this silver was present on the surface as silver nanoparticles which were similar in size. The metallic nature of these nanoparticles was confirmed using selected area electron diffraction. The evolution of the areal density of nanoparticles, and the nanoparticle height were both tracked as a function of the plating pulse duration ex situ using noncontact atomic force microscopy. As the pulse duration was increased from 2 to 25 ms, the mean nanoparticle height increased from 2 to 20 nm while the areal density of nanoparticles concurrently increased from 1 to 3 × 108 cm-2 to 2−2.5 × 109 cm-2. This result shows conclusively that the nucleation of silver on Si(100) is progressive in this time domain.
Effect of Mammary-Derived Growth Inhibitor on Proliferation of MAC-T Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells (1993)

An established bovine mammary epithelial cell line (MAC-T) was used as a model to examine the effect of mammary-derived growth inhibitor on mammary epithelial cell proliferation. Prior to each proliferation assay, cells were synchronized in G1/G0 by culturing for 24 h without serum. Flow cytometry revealed that 90% of cells were in G1/G0, 4% in G2/M, and 6% in the S-phase after serum deprivation. Approximately 2 x 10(3) cells per well were seeded onto 24-well plates. Cells were incubated for 5 to 6 d with various amounts of mammary-derived growth inhibitor (0 to 100 ng/ml). Mammary-derived growth inhibitor and medium were changed daily. Mammary-derived growth inhibitor decreased mammary epithelial cell proliferation at .1 ng/ml. Synchronization of cells in G1/G0 was necessary for inhibition of cell proliferation. Cells not arrested by serum deprivation were not responsive to mammary derived-growth inhibitor. Inhibition of cell proliferation was transient and observed up to 96 h in culture. Mammary-derived growth inhibitor appears to act in vitro by inhibiting the resumption of stationary cell proliferation following starvation.
Figure S2 from Immune Checkpoint Blockade, Immunogenic Chemotherapy or IFN-α Blockade Boost the Local and Abscopal Effects of Oncolytic Virotherapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Defective IFNAR signaling pathway does not facilitate OV replication in vitro&lt;/p&gt;
Thermal and Vapor Smoothing of Thermoplastic for Reduced Surface Roughness of Additive Manufactured RF Electronics (2019)

Additive manufacturing (AM) of electronics provides a route for creating customized systems with novel geometries that are not feasible with traditional methods. Standard AM processes such as extrusion can produce substrates on which electrical traces can be deposited. However, the surface roughness of plastic extrusion reduces the effective electrical conductivity and can introduce anisotropy, especially in radio frequency (RF) devices. The roughness can be reduced using vapor smoothing (VS), but solvent absorption changes the surface composition slightly, can be environmentally hazardous, and is not feasible with all thermoplastics. A new method introduced here-coined thermal smoothing (TS)-utilizes a heat source to locally reflow the material, thus minimizing the roughness of the undulating surfaces without the drawbacks of VS. This research work compares the surface roughness impacts of both smoothing processes with profilometry and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. Both smoothing processes significantly reduce the surface roughness of extruded components by 80% and 90% for TS and VS, respectively. This paper also examines the influence of surface smoothing on high-frequency conductivity of microdispensed conductors (CB028 paste) deposited on the substrates. The measured loss on coplanar waveguides shows an improvement of up to 40% at 7 GHz.
Optimization of photonic crystal enhanced fluorescence by excitation laser angle scanning (2011)

Photonic crystal enhanced fluorescence (PCEF) has been demonstrated as an effective technique for amplifying the electromagnetic excitation and emission extraction from surface-bound fluorescent molecules. Although optimal coupling of a fluorophore-exciting light source to the PC occurs with the use of collimated plane waves, PCEF surfaces are also capable of coupling light from focused sources but with a reduction in the obtainable enhancement factor. Using computer simulations and experimental measurements, we describe the interaction between the resonant bandwidth of a PCEF device surface and the optical design of the detection instrumentation that is used to provide fluorescence excitation. We show that highly collimated illumination is required for achieving the greatest PCEF enhancement factors, but at the expense of poor tolerance to non-uniformities in resonant wavelength across the PCEF surface. To overcome this limitation, we demonstrate a fixed wavelength/multiple incident angle scanning detection system that is capable of measuring every pixel in a PCEF fluorescence image under conditions that optimize resonant excitation efficiency.
Estimation of mineral content in natural grasslands by near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (1995)

Abstract Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) was tested to predict the nitrogen (N) and mineral concentration [for the elements phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn)] in natural grassland samples. The samples wrere taken from different community types according to the topographic gradient at different maturation stages and during a period of four consecutive years. A subset of 95 samples was selected on the basis of the spectral variation. Chemical values from the calibration sample set were regressed on the corresponding spectral data using a stepwise multiple regression analysis. Another subset of 75 samples was used as the validation set. Standard errors of prediction and correlation coefficients, respectively, were: 0.71 and 0.97 (N), 0.22 and 0.73 (P), 1.83 and 0.84 (K), 0.83 and 0.92 (Ca), 0.15 and 0.92 (Mg), 3.94 and 0.66 (Na), 44 and 0.84 (Mn), 19 and 0.75 (Fe), 1.01 and 0.77 (Co), and 3.9 and 0.79 (Zn).
The induction and identification of novel Colistin resistance mutations in Acinetobacter baumannii and their implications (2016)

Acinetobacter baumannii is a significant cause of opportunistic hospital acquired infection and has been identified as an important emerging infection due to its high levels of antimicrobial resistance. Multidrug resistant A. baumannii has risen rapidly in Vietnam, where colistin is becoming the drug of last resort for many infections. In this study we generated spontaneous colistin resistant progeny (up to >256 μg/μl) from four colistin susceptible Vietnamese isolates and one susceptible reference strain (MIC <1.5 μg/μl). Whole genome sequencing was used to identify single nucleotide mutations that could be attributed to the reduced colistin susceptibility. We identified six lpxACD and three pmrB mutations, the majority of which were novel. In addition, we identified further mutations in six A. baumannii genes (vacJ, pldA, ttg2C, pheS and conserved hypothetical protein) that we hypothesise have a role in reduced colistin susceptibility. This study has identified additional mutations that may be associated with colistin resistance through novel resistance mechanisms. Our work further demonstrates how rapidly A. baumannii can generate resistance to a last resort antimicrobial and highlights the need for improved surveillance to identified A. baumannii with an extensive drug resistance profile.
Synthesis of dibenzylamino-1-methylcyclohexanol and dibenzylamino-1-trifluoromethylcyclohexanol isomers (2015)

The isomers of dibenzylamino-1-methylcyclohexan-1-ol and dibenzylamino-1-trifluoromethylcyclohexan-1-ol have been prepared. The stereochemistry of these compounds was unequivocally assigned through a combination of NMR spectroscopy and single crystal X-ray analysis. The cis-isomer of 3-N,N-dibenzylamino-1-trifluoromethylcyclohexanol and its derivatives display an unusual conformational behaviour in both solution-phase and the solid-state, where the amino group usually adopts an axial conformation.
Frontispiece: polyMOFs: A Class of Interconvertible Polymer‐Metal‐Organic‐Framework Hybrid Materials (2015)

Hybrid Materials In their Communication on page 6152 ff., S. M. Cohen et al. report the transformation of non-porous, one-dimensional, amorphous polymers into crystalline polymer-based metal–organic framework materials.
Real-time reconfigurable logic circuits using neuron MOS transistors (1993)

A highly-flexible real-time-reconfigurable logic circuit implemented using a regular CMOS process is presented. The circuit, called soft-hardware logic (SHL), can alter its logic function (e.g. AND, OR, NAND, NOR, Exclusive OR, Exclusive NOR) in real time according to external control signals with no hardware modification. The circuit is one application of the neuron MOSFET (neuMOS or vMOS), a multiple-input functional MOS transistor simulating the function of biological neurons by a single device. The concept has been verified by experiments using test circuits fabricated by a standard double-polysilicon CMOS process. Details on the operational principle of the SHL circuit as well as design techniques are presented. One extension of this vMOS concept is a dynamic data-matching circuit in which rules for data matching are time-variable. Circuit operation has been verified by experiments.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Insecticidal activity of synthetic 2‐carboxylbenzofurans and their coumarin precursors (1994)

Abstract Several 2‐carboxylbenzofurans and their coumarin precursors, compounds 1 – 6 , and the novel compound 7 were synthesized and their insecticidal activity studied using adult sweet potato weevils ( Cylas formicarius elegantulus (Summer)) at 24 μg, 48 μg and 72 μg per insect in 0.5 ml litre −1 piperonyl butoxide (PPB) in acetone. The order of toxicity of the compounds as judged by the percentage mortality at 24 μg per insect at 48 h was 2 (100%) &gt; 6 (95%) &gt; 7 (85%) &gt; 4 (75%)) &gt; 3 (65%) &gt; 1 (60%) &gt; 5 (45%) &gt; piperonyl butoxide (0.0%). Compound 2 was equitoxic to 24 μg of technical grade dimethoate. When administered in acetone alone, however, the compounds were only moderately active (i.e. &gt; 120 μg per insect was required for 60% mortality at 48 h). The test compounds were more active at lower doses (48–72 μg per insect) when dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide or in an oil extract obtained from the fruit of Blighia sapida Koenig.
Optical polarization anisotropy in strained A‐plane GaN films on R‐plane sapphire (2006)

Abstract We have used polarized photoreflectance (PR) spectroscopy to study [11 $ \bar 2 $ 0]‐oriented A ‐plane GaN films on R ‐plane sapphire substrates. For this type of films, the c ‐axis of GaN lies in the film plane. When the probe beam is polarized perpendicular to the c ‐axis, we observe a single feature in the PR spectrum, while two features at higher energies are observed for parallel polarization. Comparing the transition energies with the ones obtained by electronic band‐structure calculations, we identify the observed PR spectral features as the three possible transitions around the fundamental band gap of GaN. However in comparison to unstrained GaN, their polarization properties and energies have been significantly modified by the in‐plane anisotropic strain in the film. Finally, we can also determine the individual in‐plane anisotropic strain components. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)