gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chip-to-chip Optical Data Communications using Polarization Division Multiplexing (2020)

Short distance optical communication is challenging in significant part because the expense of constructing effective systems is high. We describe an optical data communication system that is designed to operate over very short distances (neighboring chips on a board) and is compatible with traditional CMOS fabrication, substantially decreasing the cost to build relative to previous approaches. Polarization division multiplexing is exploited to increase the achievable data rates.
Specific Detection of Gastric α-Antitrypsin by Immobilized Trypsin on PolyHEMA Films (2010)

Early diagnosis of gastric carcinoma is crucial for maximizing medical treatment efficacy. For the purpose of real time diagnosis ("virtual biopsy") of stomach malignancy we developed a polyHEMA platform capable of capturing human alpha1-antitrypsin precursor (A1AT); a model proteinaceous luminal biomarker. Its specific attachment to the polymeric platform was accomplished by immobilized trypsin, which was linked to the surface of the polyHEMA film by a series of PEG-based spacers. Recognition was enabled by adapting an ELISA-like methodology, using rabbit anti-A1AT and HRP-conjugated anti-rabbit IgG as a secondary antibody. Since this A1AT-sensing platform was designed to be detected by endoscopic means such as a video capsule, its physical stability was tested after casting on top of a polycarbonate surface. It was found that, in contrast to classical ELISA analysis performed on polystyrene plates, A1AT detection was possible only when spacer arms were used to immobilize the capturing moiety, trypsin, with a 7-fold increase in the optical signal and a saturation kinetics dependency upon the concentration of the A1AT biomarker.
Microfibrous Entrapped Catalysts for Cleaning Aircraft Cabin Air: VOC Removal at Ultra-Short Short Contact Times (2012)

Purification of breathing air in an aircraft cabin is important to ensure the safety and the comfort for both passengers and airline personnel. Among various molecular contaminants, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are an important class of contaminants that need purification. Therefore, catalytic removal of VOCs (using a catalytic reactor) from cabin air is of utmost importance. Weight and volume of the catalytic reactors are important factors to be considered. Furthermore, the catalytic reactors should be able to operate at high face velocity of the jet engine bleed air. Catalyst-coated-monolith and packed-bed reactors are intended for this purpose but they were originally developed for different operating conditions. These current techniques result high pressure drop, and low fluid-solid mass transfer rate at such high face velocity and operating temperature. A unique class of composite material, microfibrous entrapped catalyst (MFEC), prepared by traditional low cost paper making technique, can entrap small catalyst particulates into sinter-locked networks of metal microfibers. These materials can be tailored to high and variable voidage, and are in the form of thin flexible sheets which have the ability of pleating. MFEC with the pleated configuration (Number of pleat 4) exhibits significant reduction in pressure drop, and higher catalyst utilization. Also, entrapped small particles in MFEC enhance interphase and intra-particle mass transfer rates. Catalytic oxidation of n-hexane (a model VOC), in a prototype aircraft cabin catalytic converter, was investigated at typical face velocities (from 10 to 30 m/s). This high face velocity resulted intra-bed/intra-layer residence times from 350 μsec to 115 μsec. This paper discusses the performance of MFEC for VOC removal from aircraft cabins in terms of pressure drop and oxidation at short contact time. Results of this study have shown significant improvement in overall system performance. Catalyst characterization and detailed reaction kinetics will be discussed using the experimental findings.
Time-resolved spectroscopic investigation of the mechanism of enhancement of two-photon absorption cross-sections in organic dendrimers (2005)

Investigations of the enhancement process in two-photon absorption organic dendrimers are presented in order to give further details of the mechanism of enhancement. Organic dendrimers based on the branched octupolar trimer building block molecule are studied by time-resolved fluorescence, transient absorption, and three-pulse photon echo peak shift measurements. The time resolved measurements suggest that the fundamental (spectroscopic) unit of excitation in these dendrimers is larger than the trimer building block molecule. These results suggest that it is possible to build dendrimers with enhanced two-photon absorption properties beyond the trimer molecule situation.
Variational Quantum Demodulation for Coherent Optical Multi-Dimensional QAM (2020)

We introduce a hybrid quantum-classical variational algorithms to realize quasi-ML decision of high-dimensional modulation (HDM) in fiber-optic communications, motivated by the recent advancement of quantum processors. Our Ising Hamiltonian model for demodulation is demonstrated on a real quantum processor.
Membrane and cytoplasmic proteins are transported in the same organelle complex during nematode spermatogenesis. (1986)

During the development of pseudopodial spermatozoa of the nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans, protein synthesis stops before differentiation is completed. Colloidal gold conjugates of monoclonal antibody SP56, which binds to the surface of spermatozoa, and TR20, which recognizes the major sperm cytoplasmic protein (MSP), were used to label thin sections of testes embedded in Lowicryl K4M in order to follow polypeptides from their synthesis early in spermatogenesis to their segregation to specific compartments of the mature cell. Both antigens are synthesized in primary spermatocytes and are assembled into a unique double organelle, the fibrous body-membranous organelle (FB-MO) complex. However, the antigens are localized in different regions of this FB-MO complex. As described in detail, the assembly of proteins into the FB-MO complex allows both membrane and cytoplasmic components to be concentrated in the spermatids after meiosis. Then, the stepwise disassembly of this transient structure ensures delivery of each component to its final destination in the mature spermatozoan: MSP filaments in the fibrous body depolymerize, releasing MSP into the cytoplasm and the membranous organelles fuse with the plasma membrane, delivering SP56 antigen to the surface.
Non-Cyanide Electroless Gold Plating Using Polyphenols as Reducing Agents (2005)

Polyphenol compounds were investigated as reducing agents for non-cyanide electroless gold plating for electronics assembly applications. The pH value and temperature were optimized to determine the conditions that lead to a high deposition rate without precipitation. The surface morphology was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. Catechol, pyrogallol, and gallic acid yielded deposited films with good appearance and solderability under the optimized conditions. Among the tested reducing agents, catechol is the most suitable for use as a stable plating bath with a long life. It has a moderate reducing ability to stabilize the bath and deposit the film. The calculated values of the heat of formation and the highest occupied molecular orbital levels of the reducing agents supported the experimental results.
The next evolution in flow cytometry instrumentation (2021)

Flow Cytometry is an analytical technique that utilizes optical measurements to identify properties of individual cells and particles within large populations. The high-throughput technique measures optical scattering and fluorescence by interrogating a rapidly flowing stream containing suspended objects. The technology has advanced dramatically over the last few decades and became an essential tool of studying cell biology in clinical, research, and translational applications. The photonics industry is expected to play an essential role in the next evolution of the technology to meet the demand of performing higher-parameter measurements, cell imaging, automation, and simplified setup and analysis procedures.
Expanding the role of bacterial vaccines into life-course vaccination strategies and prevention of antimicrobial-resistant infections (2020)

A crisis in bacterial infections looms as ageing populations, increasing rates of bacteraemia and healthcare-associated infections converge with increasing antimicrobial resistance and a paucity of new antimicrobial classes. New initiatives are needed to develop bacterial vaccines for older adults in whom immune senescence plays a critical role. Novel vaccines require an expanded repertoire to prevent mucosal diseases such as pneumonia, skin and soft tissue infections and urinary tract infections that are major causes of morbidity and mortality in the elderly, and key drivers of antimicrobial resistance. This review considers the challenges inherent to the prevention of bacterial diseases, particularly mucosal infections caused by major priority bacterial pathogens against which current vaccines are sub-optimal. It has become clear that prevention of many lung, urinary tract and skin infections requires more than circulating antibodies. Induction of Th1/Th17 cellular responses with tissue-resident memory (Trm) cells homing to mucosal tissues may be a pre-requisite for success.
Nature Had It Right After All!—Constructing a "Plant Root"-Like Drainage System With Multiple Branches and Uninhibited Communication With Pores and Natural Fractures (2006)

Abstract If reservoirs engineers could drill wells, they would surely not drill a single, small diameter hole, with the walls of that hole damaged to the point they are initially impermeable! They would probably drill a hole with no damage to the walls, preferably with open fractures or wormholes emanating from that main hole. They would further likely construct more of a network of branches, mimicking the root structure of plants, evolved to efficiently drain nutrients from a soil reservoir. The problem, of course, has been that the technology required to create such a drainage system has been commercially unavailable. This situation changed, in Venezuela, in late 2005. This paper describes several wells where multiple, relatively short-length laterals were constructed, maintaining communication with the natural fracture network of the formation, imposing no damage. The paper details the target reservoir's properties and its history of poor production. The new production figures are contrasted to the historical field numbers. The method used was to simply dissolve a system of short laterals. This was achieved by pumping hydrochloric acid though a specially designed jetting assembly, attached to the bottom of a 1 ½″ coiled tubing unit. This revolutionary method not only creates a "reservoir engineer's" hole, it does so using simple equipment at a low-cost. Further details on the equipment are provided in the paper.
ChemInform Abstract: SCF‐Xα‐SW MOLECULAR ORBITAL INVESTIGATIONS OF BINARY ZEROVALENT CARBONYL COMPLEXES OF THE GROUP 1B ELEMENTS. COMPARISON WITH MATRIX‐ISOLATION EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES (1982)

Abstract Die Berechnungen werden für die durch Metallatom‐Synthesetechnik bei 10‐12 K erzeugten und oberhalb 77 K sich in CO und Mikrokristalle der entsprechenden Metalle zersetzenden Verbindungen M(CO)n mit M: Cu, Ag; n: 1‐3 und M: Au; n: 1,2 sowie dem Bindungsisomeren (OC)Au(OC) durchgeführt.
Up-regulation of endothelin-1 mRNA and peptide expression in rat cardiac allografts with rejection and arteriosclerosis. (1995)

Acute and chronic rejection are frequent and significant complications of cardiac transplantation, and graft arteriosclerosis is the leading cause of death beyond the first year after transplant. Levels of endothelin-1 (ET-1) are elevated in plasma of patients with cardiac allografts and those with symptomatic vascular atherosclerosis, but little is known about the role of ET-1 in these processes. This study examined intragraft ET-1 expression in rat cardiac models of acute rejection and chronic rejection associated with graft arteriosclerosis. Corrected ET-1 gene transcript levels were measured with a [32P]dCTP reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay normalized with glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and the gene product was evaluated by immunohistology with a monospecific anti-ET-1 antibody at different time points after transplant. ET-1 mRNA levels were significantly increased in acutely rejected (Wistar-Furth rat cardiac allografts transplanted into Lewis rat recipients) and chronically rejected (Lewis allografts transplanted into F344 recipients) vascularized cardiac allografts as compared with isograft controls. In acutely rejected allografts, peak expression occurred on day 5 after transplant. In chronically rejected allografts, the increase in ET-1 mRNA was sustained on days 7, 28, and 75. In both acutely and chronically rejected allografts, ET-1 mRNA upregulation was not seen in host spleens or paired host hearts. Immunohistological analysis confirmed that the bulk of ET-1 peptide expression was localized to mononuclear cells that diffusely infiltrated the graft interstitium (acute rejection and early chronic rejection) and accumulated within the neointima of chronically rejecting hearts with arteriosclerosis. These observations, taken together with in vitro data showing that ET-1 production is stimulated by certain cytokines, indicate that the allogeneic stimulus within rejecting vascularized cardiac allografts, presumably cytokine mediated, leads to significant intragraft up-regulation of ET-1 mRNA and peptide expression. The local up-regulation of this vasoactive and mitogenic peptide within acutely and chronically rejected cardiac allografts suggests that ET-1 may be involved in the development of graft arteriosclerosis.
A Call to Action to Develop Integrated Curricula in Cardiorenal Medicine (2017)

With the adoption of the new definition and classification of cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) and its relevant subtypes, much attention has been placed on elucidating the mechanisms of heart and kidney interactions. The pathophysiologic pathways are of great interest by which acute heart failure may result in acute kidney injury (AKI; type 1), chronic heart failure accelerates the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD; type 2), AKI provokes cardiac events (type 3), and CKD increases the risk and severity of cardiovascular disease (type 4). A remarkable interest has also been placed on the acute and chronic systemic conditions, such as sepsis and diabetes, that simultaneously affect heart and kidney function (type 5). Furthermore, the physiology of acute and chronic heart-kidney crosstalk is drawing attention to hemodynamics (fluids, pressures, flows, resistances, perfusion), physiochemical (electrolytes, pH, toxins) and biologic (inflammation, immune system activation, neurohormonal signals) processes. Common clinical scenarios call for recognition, knowledge, and skill in managing CRS. There is a clear need for medical and surgical specialists who are well versed in the pathophysiology and clinical manifestations that arise in the setting of CRS. With this editorial, we make a call to action to encourage universities, medical schools, and teaching hospitals to create a core curriculum for cardiorenal medicine to better equip the physicians of the future for these common, serious, and frequently fatal syndromes.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Regioselective ortho C—H Cyanation of Vinylarenes. (2015)

Abstract Two optimized procedures A) and B) are elaborated and applied to vinylnaphthalenes bearing various functionalities.
Articulated and Restricted Motion Subspaces and Their Signatures (2013)

Articulated objects represent an important class of objects in our everyday environment. Automatic detection of the type of articulated or otherwise restricted motion and extraction of the corresponding motion parameters are therefore of high value, \eg in order to augment an otherwise static 3D reconstruction with dynamic semantics, such as rotation axes and allowable translation directions for certain rigid parts or objects. Hence, in this paper, a novel theory to analyse relative transformations between two motion-restricted parts will be presented. The analysis is based on linear subspaces spanned by relative transformations. Moreover, a signature for relative transformations will be introduced which uniquely specifies the type of restricted motion encoded in these relative transformations. This theoretic framework enables the derivation of novel algebraic constraints, such as low-rank constraints for subsequent rotations around two fixed axes for example. Lastly, given the type of restricted motion as predicted by the signature, the paper shows how to extract all the motion parameters with matrix manipulations from linear algebra. Our theory is verified on several real data sets, such as a rotating blackboard or a wheel rolling on the floor amongst others.
Preparation and handling of peptides containing methionine and cysteine (1999)

Among the genetically encoded amino acid residues, methionine (Met) and cysteine (Cys) are special because they each contain an atom of sulphur. The present chapter describes how these residues are incorporated into peptides in the context of an Fmoc/tBu solid-phase synthesis strategy, as well as further considerations once the synthetic peptide is released from the support. Of added interest, some manipulations of Cys are advantageously performed at the level of the assembled peptide-resin, prior to cleavage. Many of the aspects discussed here also carry over to the preparation of peptides using a Boc/Bzl strategy. The major problems associated with management of Met reflect the susceptibility of the thioether to alkylation and oxidation. One of the merits of the Fmoc/tBu strategy, in contrast to Boc/Bzl, is that in the former strategy Met is usually introduced without recourse to a protecting group for the thioether side-chain. As documented in this chapter, a proper understanding of acidolytic cleavage conditions and the availability of selective procedures to reverse any inadvertent oxidation are likely to lead to success in obtaining homogeneous peptides containing Met. Management of Cys provides additional significant challenges. For some targets, Cys is required with its side-chain in the free thiol form, whereas for other targets, an even number of Cys residues pair with each other via disulphide linkage(s) to provide cystine residue(s). Disulphide bridges play an important role in the folding and structural stabilization of many natural peptides and proteins, and their artificial introduction into natural or designed peptides is a useful approach to improve biological activities/specificities and stabilities. Furthermore, use of a disulphide bridge is a preferred method to conjugate peptides to protein carriers for increasing the response in immuno-logical studies, to link two separate chains for developing discontinuous epitopes, and to generate active site models. This chapter describes Cys protecting groups, how they are removed to provide either free thiols or disulphides directly, and various strategies and practical considerations to minimize side reactions and maximize formation of the desired products. The thioether side-chain of Met is subject to alkylation and oxidation side reactions, either during the synthetic process or during subsequent handling of the Met-containing peptide.
Data on characterizing the gene expression patterns of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis genes: CLN1, CLN2, CLN3, CLN5 and their association to interneuron and neurotransmission markers: Parvalbumin and Somatostatin (2016)

The article contains raw and analyzed data related to the research article "Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis genes, CLN2, CLN3, CLN5 are spatially and temporally co-expressed in a developing mouse brain" (Fabritius et al., 2014) [1]. The processed data gives an understanding of the development of the cell types that are mostly affected by defective function of CLN proteins, timing of expression of CLN1, CLN2, CLN3 and CLN5 genes in a murine model. The data shows relationship between the expression pattern of these genes during neural development. Immunohistochemistry was used to identify known interneuronal markers for neurotransmission and cell proliferation: parvalbumin, somatostatin subpopulations of interneurons. Non-radioactive in-situ hybridization detected CLN5 mRNA in the hippocampus. Throughout the development strong expression of CLN genes were identified in the germinal epithelium and in ventricle regions, cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum. This provides supportive evidence that CLN1, CLN2, CLN3 and CLN5 genes may be involved in synaptic pruning.
Production of higher quality bio-oils by in-line esterification of pyrolysis vapor (2023)

The disclosure encompasses in-line reactive condensation processes via vapor phase esterification of bio-oil to decease reactive species concentration and water content in the oily phase of a two-phase oil, thereby increasing storage stability and heating value. Esterification of the bio-oil vapor occurs via the vapor phase contact and subsequent reaction of organic acids with ethanol during condensation results in the production of water and esters. The pyrolysis oil product can have an increased ester content and an increased stability when compared to a condensed pyrolysis oil product not treated with an atomized alcohol.
Time of Arrival Estimation in Probability-Controlled Generalized CDMA Systems (2007)

In recent years, more and more wireless communications systems are required to provide also a positioning measurement. In code division multiple access (CDMA) communication systems, the positioning accuracy is significantly degraded by the multiple access interference (MAI) caused by other users in the system. This MAI is commonly managed by a power control mechanism, and yet, MAI has a major effect on positioning accuracy. Probability control is a recently introduced interference management mechanism. In this mechanism, a user with excess power chooses not to transmit some of its symbols. The information in the nontransmitted symbols is recovered by an error-correcting code (ECC), while all other users receive a more reliable data during these quiet periods. Previous research had shown that the implementation of a probability control mechanism can significantly reduce the MAI. In this paper, we show that probability control also improves the positioning accuracy. We focus on time-of-arrival (TOA) based positioning systems. We analyze the TOA estimation performance in a generalized CDMA system, in which the probability control mechanism is employed, where the transmitted signal is noncontinuous with a symbol transmission probability smaller than 1. The accuracy of the TOA estimation is determined using appropriate modifications of the Cramer-Rao bound on the delay estimation. Keeping the average transmission power constant, we show that the TOA accuracy of each user does not depend on its transmission probability, while being a nondecreasing function of the transmission probability of any other user. Therefore, a generalized, noncontinuous CDMA system with a probability control mechanism can always achieve better positioning performance, for all users in the network, than a conventional, continuous, CDMA system.
Secure Key Exchange in Wireless Networks (2011)

We investigate the problem of exchanging a secret key within a group of wireless devices. In particular, we are interested in information theoretically secure key exchange schemes that enable honest nodes of a multi-hop network to establish a secret group key in the presence of an eavesdropping adversary. Similarly to, the scheme presented here makes use of erasures over the wireless channel. In essence, this work can be seen as an extension of for multi-hop networks instead of a single-hop network. We extend the approach and investigate the performance of our proposed protocol.