gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wintrobe's clinical hematology: Fourteenth edition (2018)

This extensive title, which combines scientific principles with up-to-date clinical procedures, has been thoroughly updated for the fourteenth edition. You'll find in-depth material on the biology and pathophysiology of lymphomas, leukemias, platelet destruction, and other hematological disorders as well as the procedures for diagnosing and treating them. Combines the biology and pathophysiology of hematology as well as the diagnosis and treatment of commonly encountered hematological disorders in one volume. Access the latest knowledge in genetics and genomics eBook features 300 online self-assessment questions for reviewing material and preparing for Board exams. Packed with more than 1,500 tables and figures. Enhance Your eBook Reading Experience Read directly on your preferred device(s), such as computer, tablet, or smartphone. Easily convert to audiobook, powering your content with natural language text-to-speech.
Targeted isolation of panels of diverse human protective broadly neutralizing antibodies against SARS-like viruses (2021)

The emergence of current SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) and potential future spillovers of SARS-like coronaviruses into humans pose a major threat to human health and the global economy <sup>1-7</sup> . Development of broadly effective coronavirus vaccines that can mitigate these threats is needed <sup>8, 9</sup> . Notably, several recent studies have revealed that vaccination of recovered COVID-19 donors results in enhanced nAb responses compared to SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination alone <sup>10-13</sup> . Here, we utilized a targeted donor selection strategy to isolate a large panel of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) to sarbecoviruses from two such donors. Many of the bnAbs are remarkably effective in neutralization against sarbecoviruses that use ACE2 for viral entry and a substantial fraction also show notable binding to non-ACE2-using sarbecoviruses. The bnAbs are equally effective against most SARS-CoV-2 VOCs and many neutralize the Omicron variant. Neutralization breadth is achieved by bnAb binding to epitopes on a relatively conserved face of the receptor binding domain (RBD) as opposed to strain-specific nAbs to the receptor binding site that are commonly elicited in SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination <sup>14-18</sup> . Consistent with targeting of conserved sites, select RBD bnAbs exhibited <i>in vivo</i> protective efficacy against diverse SARS-like coronaviruses in a prophylaxis challenge model. The generation of a large panel of potent bnAbs provides new opportunities and choices for next-generation antibody prophylactic and therapeutic applications and, importantly, provides a molecular basis for effective design of pan-sarbecovirus vaccines.
Defect characterization in plastically deformed gallium arsenide (2002)

The defect spectrum in plastically deformed GaAs is analyzed by positron lifetime measurements. Different types of defects, such as vacancy clusters or antisites, are identified and their thermal annealing behavior is studied.
Morphology of ionic microemulsions: comparison of SANS studies and the net-average curvature (NAC) model (2008)

Microemulsion (µE) literature presents numerous scattering studies (neutron, X-ray, light) of ionic and nonionic surfactants that have elucidated the morphological transitions that µEs experience upon changes in formulation conditions such as electrolyte concentration and temperature. Unfortunately, up to now, there is no way to predict the morphology of these µEs, and only after the µE is prepared can the morphology be determined using scattering techniques. In this work we compare the average curvature and drop size predicted by the net-average curvature (NAC) model to the Porod radii and characteristic length obtained from neutron scattering of toluene µEs prepared with sodium dihexyl sulfosuccinate (SDHS) and electrolyte. While the drop sizes predicted by the NAC model do not exactly correspond to the aggregate size obtained after applying a Porod analysis of the SANS profiles, the inverse of the average curvature does match the characteristic size obtained from SANS. This observation is consistent with previous comparisons made for nonionic µEs. The difference between the drop size predicted by the NAC model (that matches the solubilization curves) and SANS morphology suggests that the area per molecule of the surfactant (in contact with the internal phase) changes with the curvature of the system. The area per molecule obtained from Porod plots of Type I and II µEs and from the analysis of the scattering profiles of film-contrast Type III µEs show that as the system approaches net zero curvature the area per molecule increases to a maximum value. The data presented in this work suggests that the NAC model can be used to predict essential elements of the morphology of µEs, which may help in the design of µE-based templated structures (nanoparticles, nanoporous materials, etc.).
Randomized analysis and synthesis of robust linear static anti-windup (2013)

We consider robust linear static anti-windup design for linear control systems subject to input saturation with uncertain parameters. Within this context, we use scenario-based randomized techniques and revisit the well known LMI-based static anti-windup design technique for continuous-time linear control systems. The proposed approach leads to convex (LMI-based) techniques to construct a randomized robust nonlinear L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> gain estimate and to design an optimal robust static linear anti-windup compensator. The advantages of the proposed technique are illustrated on a simulation example.
Preconception maternal retinal arteriolar narrowing and fetal growth throughout pregnancy: A prospective cohort study (2023)

Our findings suggest that women with narrower preconception retinal arterioles had smaller fetuses, evidenced by reductions in AC and FL z score throughout pregnancy.
Synthesis and Optical Properties of Poly{(4-nitrophenyl)-[3-[N-[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]- carbazolyl]]diazene} (1996)

Poly{(4-nitrophenyl)-3-[N-[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]carbazolyl]]diazene} was prepared and its photoinduced birefringence, diffraction grating, and photorefractive asymmetric two-beam gain coupling were studied. The monomer was obtained by performing azo coupling in a two-phase water−dichloromethane system in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst. Photoinduced birefringence of up to 0.09 was observed and diffraction efficiencies of up to 25% were obtained, with atomic force microscopy studies revealing that the grating profile exhibited a sinusoidal shape. Asymmetric two-beam coupling is observed, indicating photorefractive properties, but the energy transfer phenomena are more complex, involving also diffraction by the photoinduced gratings. The combination of these three optical propertiesphotoinduced birefringence, surface gratings, and two-beam couplingis believed to be unique and may eventually produce an all-optical device built of a single polymer film.
P-Chiral Tetraphosphine Dirhodium Complex as a Catalyst for Asymmetric Hydrogenation:  Synthesis, Structure, Enantioselectivity, and Mechanism. Stereoselective Formation of a Dirhodium Tetrahydride Complex and Its Reaction with Methyl (Z)-α-Acetamidocinnamate (2006)

Optically active C2-symmetric tetraphosphine 4 was prepared via the phosphine-borane methodology. Its dirhodium complex 5 was structurally characterized and probed as a catalyst in asymmetric hydrogenations of representative prochiral substrates, demonstrating high activity and good to excellent enantioselectivities. A mechanistic study revealed that 5 can be cleanly and stereoselectively converted to the tetrahydride species 6a, which is stable up to 0 °C and at higher temperatures slowly decomposes without the loss of hydrogen. The low-temperature (−80 °C) reaction of 6a with methyl (Z)-α-acetamidocinnamate (MAC) cleanly gave the tetrahydride complex 7 containing one molecule of the substrate coordinated only via the amidocarbonyl group, whereas the double bond of the substrate remained noncoordinated. Raising the temperature to −40 °C resulted in irreversible isomerization of complex 7 to 8, which differs from 7 only by the spatial arrangement of ligands. Migratory insertion proceeding simultaneously with the isomerization of 7 to 8 yields the trihydride complex 9, which is an analogue of the monohydride intermediates described previously. When the reaction of 6a with MAC was carried out in the presence of an excess of MAC, the released dirhodium complex was captured by the substrate to give the catalyst−substrate complex 10, which was characterized by multinuclear NMR. Substrate MAC is much more loosely bound in octahedral complexes 7 and 8 than in the square planar catalyst−substrate complex 10. This finding provides experimental support for the stereoselection during the association step of the Rh-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation.
A Comprehensive Study of Monolithic 3D Cell on Cell Design Using Commercial 2D Tool (2015)

In this paper we present a methodology allowing an emulated-3D two tiers physical implementation of any design using 2D commercial tools. Place and Route is achieved through similar steps as required by 2D designs: pre clock tree synthesis (including placement), clock tree synthesis and routing; to which we added a folding step in order to emulate the 3D placement. Routing of both tiers in parallel using inter-tier metal layers is made possible by modifying input files of the tools. Our study covers power supply network on both tiers, forbidden inter-tier via on active placement and inter-tier back end flavors in order to refine quality of results. Benchmark results on two tiers 3D Monolithic integration have been done on several IPs (microcontroller, reconfigurable FFT and LDPC) using as reference ST 28nm FDSOI technology and show the correlation between cell density, routing congestion, wire length, operating frequency and power consumption. To our knowledge, this paper is the first one to evaluate monolithic 3D physical implementation using full 3D Back End description and taking into account power supply distribution on both tiers.
P4‐262: SIGMA‐1 RECEPTOR TARGET OCCUPANCY STUDY WITH DYNAMIC PET SCAN ANALYSIS OF ANAVEX®2‐73: A CLINICAL CANDIDATE FOR NEURODEGENERATIVE AND NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISEASES (2018)

ANAVEX®2-73, a selective sigma-1 receptor (S1R) agonist, has undergone testing in a Phase 2a trial of Alzheimer's disease patients. Over a period of 57 weeks, ANAVEX®2-73 demonstrated a favorable safety profile and a concentration-dependent improvement against exploratory endpoints MMSE and ADCS-ADL. Positron emission tomography (PET) with [18F]FTC-146, a novel S1R radiotracer, was used in the current study to substantiate target engagement in mice. ANAVEX®2-73 was examined using PET and ex vivo autoradiography (ARG) in 7-week-old wild type mice (n=4-5) in 4 dose groups (0, 1, 10, 30 mg/kg PO). 60 minutes after delivery of ANAVEX®2-73, [18F]FTC-146 was injected intravenously (210±22 μCi, 7.77±0.81 MBq) for a 60-minute dynamic PET scan. Subsequently, the mice were perfused and brains were collected for ex vivo ARG. Using an image-derived arterial input function from the left ventricle of the heart, two-tissue compartment kinetic modeling (PMOD 3.7) was performed to determine the binding potential for receptor occupancy for whole mouse brains. Separate mice (n=6, 0 mg/kg ANAVEX®2-73) were used to derive whole blood to plasma ratios and parent fractions for metabolism correction at times 1, 5, 15, 30, and 60 minutes. For radiometabolite studies, [18F]FTC-146 was injected intravenously (780±214 μCi, 28.86±7.92 MBq). PET data show S1R occupancy is dose-dependent for ANAVEX®2-73 with an apparent plateau of approximately 60% in whole brain. For analysis of ex vivo ARG, selected brain regions (frontal cortex, caudate, hippocampus, thalamus, amygdala, pons, cerebellum) were analyzed and receptor occupancy ranged from 30-60%. These results were compared with PRE-084, a S1R literature standard. This is the first imaging study of ANAVEX®2-73 and the results confirm dose-dependent S1R target engagement via ex vivo ARG and PET using [18F]FTC-146 as the radiotracer. The range of doses employed here (1-30 mg/kg PO) have been used in numerous animal disease models with improvements observed in both behavioral and biochemical readouts. Since the mice equivalent human plasma exposures correspond to human doses of 10-50 mg PO, which have been assessed in ANAVEX®2-73 clinical studies, these results pose the possibility that S1R receptor occupancy in humans is similar to that found in mice . A) Whole brain time activity curves calculated using 2-tissue compartment modeling (n=1/dose group ). B) Receptor occupancy calculated using binding potential values (n=4-5 per dose group).
Development of reworkable underfills, materials, reliability and processing (2002)

The development of a reworkable underfill system for flip chip assembly is described. The materials selection process, information on the process for rework and pertinent reliability data are described.
Anti-diabetic Activities of Ashitaba (Angelica keiskei) Induction of Adipocyte Differentiation and Enhancement of Glucose Uptake in Adipocyte (2004)

The number of diabetic patients is increasing especially in Asia according to change of life habits (1). In mild case of diabetes, many patients are left without medical treatments and the long period of none treatment causes serious complications that impair the quality of life of the patients (2). Diabetes is a chronic disease that is characterized by hyperglycemia caused by insufficiency of the insulin action (3). So, we considered that edible ingredients which can complement insulin action are useful to prevent and cure diabetes and complications associated with the disease. We tried to find the insulin mimic compounds from edible plants. We investigated the two insulin mimic activities of edible plant materials; (a) adipocyte differentiation activity and (b) enhancement activity of glucose uptake, using pre-adipocyte cell line 3T3-L1 (4,5). As a result, we found that ethanol extract of Angelica keiskei, a dropwort indigenous to Japan and called “Ashitaba”, has both activities (6). We tried to isolate active compounds from the extract, and we found that two major chalcons peculiar to Angelica keiskei, xanthoangelol (XA) and 4-hydroxyderricin (4HD) have both activities (a) and (b). Regarding adipocyte differentiation, XA and 4HD have the similar level of activities. On the other hand, regarding enhancement of glucose uptake, the activity of 4HD is several times as high as that of XA. Furthermore, the combination of XA and 4HD could complement insulin action (induction of adipocyte differentiation and enhancement of glucose uptake) in in vitro assay. Taking the results of in vitro assay into consideration, we investigated each anti-diabetic activity of XA and 4HD using KKAy mice that develop diabetes and shows hyperglycemia by aging (7). To investigate the preventive activity against diabetes, we administered oral dose of XA or 4HD for several weeks to KKAy mice that had not showed symptoms of diabetes. As a results, both oral dose of XA and 4HD suppressed the increase of blood sugar. Namely, oral dose of XA and 4HD suppressed the development of diabetes. To investigate the curing activity of XA and 4HD against diabetes, we administered oral dose of XA or 4HD for several days to KKAy mice that had showed hyperglycemia, and observed oral dose of XA and 4HD decreased the blood sugar respectively. These results suggested that XA and 4HD have anti-diabetic activities. On the other hand, we had already found that some coumarins and a chroman contained in Ashitaba can induce nerve growth factor (NGF) that has preventive and curing activity of peripheral nerve disease caused by diabetic hyperglycemia. Also founded is that many chalcones contained in Ashitaba have aldose reductase inhibition activity that is effective to prevent complications caused by diabetic hyperglycemia. Our research results mentioned above strongly suggest that daily ingestion of Ashitaba may be able to prevent and cure diabetes and complications by synergistic effect of each biological activity of Ashitaba.
A hybrid enrichment process combining conjugated polymer extraction and silica gel adsorption for high purity semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) (2015)

A novel purification process for the enrichment of sc-SWCNTs that combines selective conjugated polymer extraction (CPE) with selective adsorption using silica gel, termed hybrid-CPE (h-CPE), has been developed, providing a high purity sc-SWCNT material with a significant improvement in process efficiency and yield. Using the h-CPE protocol, a greater than 5 fold improvement in yield can be obtained compared to traditional CPE while obtaining sc-SWCNT with a purity >99.9% as assessed by absorption spectroscopy and Raman mapping. Thin film transistor devices using the h-CPE derived sc-SWCNTs as the semiconductor possess mobility values ranging from 10-30 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) and current ON/OFF ratio of 10(4)-10(5) for channel lengths between 2.5 and 20 μm.
Effect of coronary occlusion site on ischaemic bed size and collateral blood flow in dogs (1981)

The ischaemic bed size (myocardium at risk) and collateral flow are major determinants of experimental myocardial infarct size. These parameters were compared in dogs with coronary occlusions at four commonly used sites. Regional blood flow was measured 5 min after proximal coronary occlusion of the circumflex (LCC) or anterior descending (LAD) arteries, or after distal occlusion of the LAD, or its apical branch. Occlusions were done sequentially in random order separated by 30 min intervals. The anatomic regions normally supplied by each occluded artery (ischaemic beds) were identified by simultaneous postmortem coronary perfusion with different coloured dyes. Proximal occlusions of the LCC and LAD produced equivalent areas of ischaemia (37 and 36% of the left ventricle) and these ischaemic beds had similar amounts of collateral flow (0.12 and 0.16 cm3.min-1.g-1). In comparison, distal LAD and apical branch occlusions involved 23 and 11% of the LV and collateral flow averaged 0.23 and 0.36 cm3.min-1.g-1. Thus, proximal LAD or LCC occlusion produce comparable areas of severe ischaemia. Experimental models using distal occlusions are characterised by more variable but often less severe ischaemia.
Physically Based Modeling in Virtual Assembly (2001)

Abstract Virtual assembly is a promising application of virtual reality in design and manufacturing and has drawn much attention from industry and research institutes. Physically based modeling has been an important research topic in computer graphics and virtual reality. In this paper, physically based modeling issues in virtual assembly are investigated. The specific requirements and characteristics of physically based modeling in virtual assembly versus those in traditional computer graphics are analyzed and studied. The mass properties of the assembly models are extracted from the Computer Aided Design (CAD) system while the design models are transferred from the CAD system to the virtual assembly environment. This added information allows the assembly models to be categorized using human strength survey data. The interaction of parts, environment objects, and the human are analyzed. In the fully immersed virtual environment, it is discovered that certain presentations of gravitational acceleration needs to be scaled down to achieve maximum realistic feeling. Finally the benefits and limitations of physically based modeling in virtual environments are discussed.
Heat of fusion of polymer crystals: Thermodynamics of melting (1980)

Abstract The weight fraction crystallinity (Wc) of a polymer sample can be determined from the relation Wc = △Hf/△Hf°. However to obtain a more accurate determination of Wc the term △Hf should be corrected for various excess enthalpy terms. These corrections should include terms related to the nature of the “fold surface,” i. e., the manner in which units in the fold structure are distributed between true folds and cilia. They should also take into account the nature of the crystal, e.g., the possibility of an enthalpy term associated with mosaic block side surfaces in dried-down crystals. The magnitude of the appropriate correction factors (and their affect on Wc) has been estimated for various fold/cilia models. From the derived equations it is apparent that the y-intercept of a plot of the form △Hf/Wc versus (crystal core thickness)-1 is equal to △Hf° only when dealing with crystals kept in suspension. For dried single crystals the y-intercept is shown to be some function of △Hf° . Since the vast majority of past △Hf work has been concerned with dried crystals, one must view the reported △Hf° values with some suspicion.
Biodistribution and Radiation Dosimetry of 124I-DPA-713, a PET Radiotracer for Macrophage-Associated Inflammation (2018)

Whole-body PET/CT was performed using <sup>124</sup>I-DPA-713, a radioligand for the 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO), to determine biodistribution and radiation dosimetry. <b>Methods:</b> Healthy subjects aged 18-65 y underwent whole-body PET/CT either at 4, 24, and 48 h or at 24, 48, and 72 h after intravenous injection of <sup>124</sup>I-DPA-713. Time-activity curves were generated and used to calculate organ time-integrated activity coefficients for each subject. The resulting time-integrated activity coefficients provided input data for calculation of organ absorbed doses and effective dose for each subject using OLINDA. Subjects were genotyped for the <i>TSPO</i> polymorphism rs6971, and plasma protein binding of <sup>124</sup>I-DPA-713 was measured. <b>Results:</b> Three male and 3 female adults with a mean age of 40 ± 19 y were imaged. The mean administered activity and mass were 70.5 ± 5.1 MBq (range, 62.4-78.1 MBq) and 469 ± 34 ng (range, 416-520 ng), respectively. There were no adverse or clinically detectable pharmacologic effects in any of the 6 subjects. No changes in vital signs, laboratory values, or electrocardiograms were observed. <sup>124</sup>I-DPA-713 cleared rapidly (4 h after injection) from the lungs, with hepatic elimination and localization to the gastrointestinal tract. The mean effective dose over the 6 subjects was 0.459 ± 0.127 mSv/MBq, with the liver being the dose-limiting organ (0.924 ± 0.501 mGy/MBq). The percentage of free radiotracer in blood was approximately 30% at 30 and 60 min after injection. <b>Conclusion:</b><sup>124</sup>I-DPA-713 clears rapidly from the lungs, with predominantly hepatic elimination, and is safe and well tolerated in healthy adults.
Picosecond optically reconfigurable filters exploiting full free spectral range tuning of single ring and Vernier effect resonators (2015)

We demonstrate that phase shifts larger than 2π can be induced by all-optical tuning in silicon waveguides of a few micrometers in length. By generating high concentrations of free carriers in the silicon employing absorption of ultrashort, ultraviolet laser pulses, the refractive index of silicon can be drastically reduced. As a result, the resonance wavelength of optical resonators can be freely tuned over the full free spectral range. This allows for active integrated optic devices that can be switched with GHz frequencies into any desired state by all-optical means.
Effect of Radiofrequency Ablation of Atrial Flutter on the Natural History of Subsequent Atrial Arrhythmias (2008)

Successful ablation of AFL does not improve the natural history of atrial arrhythmia progression; postablation AF is frequent. This suggests that AFL may be initiated by bursts of AF and that in the absence of AFL substrate the AF continues to progress.