gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Decoupling of lithium and proton self-diffusion in supercooled LiCl:7H2O: A nuclear magnetic resonance study using ultrahigh magnetic field gradients (1996)

Self-diffusion coefficients of lithium ions and water protons (DLi and DH) in the glass-forming electrolyte LiCl:7H2O have been measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spin-echo experiments using ultrahigh static magnetic field gradients up to 184 T m−1. The measurements were complemented by measurements of 7Li and 1H spin-lattice relaxation times. The data cover the temperature range from 313 K down to 173 K, i.e., 34 K above the glass transition temperature Tg=139 K. In this range DLi and DH change over five orders of magnitude. The self-diffusion data exhibit a strong non-Arrhenius temperature dependence which is typical for fragile glass formers. In the supercooled regime the ratio of the self-diffusion coefficients DH/DLi increases gradually with decreasing temperature, reflecting a decoupling of these diffusive modes. These results are discussed in relation to the behavior of the viscosity, electrical conductance and reorientational correlation time of water in this temperature range. It is found that lithium ion diffusion is closely coupled to these other transport processes, while proton diffusion begins to decouple at T&amp;lt;1.5 Tg. Additionally, an analysis of 1H and 7Li magnetic relaxation rates 1/T1 is given. It is found that the intermolecular modes causing 1H–1H dipolar relaxation and 7Li quadrupolar relaxation also decouple from the viscosity. The results are discussed in the framework of similar phenomena observed with other fragile glasses and, more specifically, of structural changes known to occur in supercooled LiCl:H2O systems.
Role for Erbin in Bacterial Activation of Nod2 (2006)

Intracellular peptidoglycan (PG) recognition in human cells is mediated by the NACHT-LRR proteins Nod1 and Nod2. Elicitation of these proteins by PG motifs released from invasive bacteria triggers signaling events, resulting in the activation of the NF-kappaB pathway. In order to decipher the molecular components involved in Nod2 signal transduction, we set out to identify new interaction partners of Nod2 by using a yeast two-hybrid screen. Besides the known interaction partner RIP2, the screen identified the leucine-rich repeat (LRR)- and PDZ domain-containing family member Erbin as a binding partner of Nod2. Erbin showed a specific interaction with Nod2 in coimmunoprecipitation experiments with human HEK 293T cells. Immunofluorescence microscopy with a newly generated anti-Nod2 monoclonal antibody showed that Erbin and Nod2 partially colocalize in human cells. Subsequent analysis of the Erbin/Nod2 interaction revealed that the LRR of Erbin and the caspase activating and recruiting domains of Nod2 were necessary for this interaction. No significant interaction was observed with a Walker B box mutant of Nod2 or a Crohn's disease-associated frameshift mutant of Nod2, indicating that complex formation is dependent on the activity of the molecule. In addition, a change in the dynamics of the Erbin/Nod2 complex was observed during Shigella flexneri infection. Furthermore, ectopic expression of increasing amounts of Erbin or short hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown of Erbin showed a negative influence of Erbin on Nod2/muramyl-dipeptide-mediated NF-kappaB activation. These results implicate Erbin as a potential negative regulator of Nod2 and show that bacterial infection has an impact on Nod2/Erbin complex formation within cells.
Superresolution image enhancement in digital photomicrography by subpixel translation using a scanning micromirror (2006)

We report on a superresolution image enhancement technique that can improve the spatial resolution of digital photomicrography employing typical pixelated image sensors. A bulk-micromachined micromirror is used to control the image location with subpixel accuracy.
Survivin family proteins as novel molecular determinants of doxorubicin resistance in organotypic human breast tumors (2014)

Survivin family proteins are novel effectors of doxorubicin resistance in chemotherapy-naive breast cancer. The incorporation of survivin antagonist(s) in anthracycline-containing regimens may have improved clinical activity in these patients.
Biosimilars in IBD: hope or expectation? (2013)

A biosimilar is a biological medicine that enters the market subsequent to expiration of the patent of an original reference product and its similarity to the reference medicine exhibits ‘no clinically meaningful differences in terms of quality, safety and efficacy’.1 In practice, patents protect a reference product for 10 years after its approval before registration for a similar biological medicine can be applied for.1 The term ‘biosimilar’ is recognised by all regulators, but synonyms include ‘similar biotherapeutic product’ (WHO) and ‘subsequent-entry biologic’ (Canada).2 Biopharmaceutical agents are derived from living cells or organisms and are usually complex proteins. Therefore, regulators are establishing novel specific approval pathways for biosimilars that differ from those for chemical generics. Since the first approval in 2005, several biosimilars of somatropin (human growth hormone), filgrastim (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, G-CSF) and epoetin (erythropoietin) have become available in Europe. Currently, 12 biosimilars are authorised in the European market, and numerous others, including monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), have applied for authorisation.3 ,4 This subject has received increasing attention in gastroenterology, because the patent on infliximab is due to expire and regulatory approval for two biosimilar infliximabs have already been filed for to the European Medicines Agency (EMA). One of these molecules is already available for patient care in South Korea.4 ,5 

Biological agents are currently in widespread use for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases. As recently as in 2000, only two of the world's top 10 grossing drugs were biological agents. In 2012, estimates are that seven are biological agents, of which adalimumab and infliximab lead the list.6 The long duration of development and high manufacturing costs are cited as the main contributors to the high cost of biological agents. For example, the average yearly cost of infliximab treatment for Crohn's disease in …
Engineered flux-pinning centers in BSCCO TBCCO and YBCO superconductors (2023)

A method of preparing a high temperature superconductor. A method of preparing a superconductor includes providing a powdered high temperature superconductor and a nanophase material. These components are combined to form a solid compacted mass with the material disposed in the polycrystalline high temperature superconductor. This combined mixture is rapidly heated, forming a dispersion of nanophase size particles without a eutectic reaction. These nanophase particles can have a flat plate or columnar type morphology.
Single-cell analysis using capillary electrophoresis: Influence of surface support properties on cell injection into the capillary (2000)

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is an important tool of chemical cytometry. Whole-cell analysis using CE starts with cell injection into the capillary by either siphoning or electroosmosis. However, strong adherence of the cell to the support surface can prevent efficient cell injection and lead to irreproducible analysis. Here we evaluated several surfaces as potential cell supports for HT29 cells (human colon adenocarcinoma). These cells strongly adhered to the surface of untreated glass or polystyrene. Hydrophobic coating with dimethyldichlorosilane (DMS) or Sigmacote did not significantly reduce cell adhesion. In contrast, cell adhesion was reduced significantly when the surface was modified with hydrophilic polymers (hydrogels) such as poly(2-hydrohyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). In addition to their pronounced antiadhesive properties, PHEMA and PVA coatings were the most biocompatible (had highest survival of cells in contact with surface). Hydrogel-coated polystyrene plates were tested as a commercial alternative to hydrogel-coated glass slides. The cell adhesive properties of such plates were similar to those of PHEMA and PVA. However, the biocompatibility of the plates was lower than that of the other surfaces tested. Moreover, in contrast to PHEMA- and PVA-coated glass slides, the plates were sensitive to UV light and therefore should not be used when fluorescent image microscopy with UV excitation precedes CE. The analyses of the data obtained showed that PHEMA- and PVA-coated glass slides were the most suitable cell supports for cell injection into the capillary.
Oral Delivery of Peptide Drugs Using Nanoparticles Self-Assembled by Poly(γ-glutamic acid) and a Chitosan Derivative Functionalized by Trimethylation (2008)

In the study, chitosan (CS) was conjugated with trimethyl groups for the synthesis of N-trimethyl chitosan (TMC) polymers with different degrees of quaternization. Nanoparticles (NPs) self-assembled by the synthesized TMC and poly(gamma-glutamic acid) (gamma-PGA, TMC/gamma-PGA NPs) were prepared for oral delivery of insulin. The loading efficiency and loading content of insulin in TMC/gamma-PGA NPs were 73.8 +/- 2.9% and 23.5 +/- 2.1%, respectively. TMC/gamma-PGA NPs had superior stability in a broader pH range to CS/gamma-PGA NPs; the in vitro release profiles of insulin from both test NPs were significantly affected by their stability at distinct pH environments. At pH 7.0, CS/gamma-PGA NPs became disintegrated, resulting in a rapid release of insulin, which failed to provide an adequate retention of loaded insulin, while the cumulative amount of insulin released from TMC/gamma-PGA NPs was significantly reduced. At pH 7.4, TMC/gamma-PGA NPs were significantly swelled and a sustained release profile of insulin was observed. Confocal microscopy confirmed that TMC40/gamma-PGA NPs opened the tight junctions of Caco-2 cells to allow the transport of insulin along the paracellular pathway. Transepithelial-electrical-resistance measurements and transport studies implied that CS/gamma-PGA NPs can be effective as an insulin carrier only in a limited area of the intestinal lumen where the pH values are close to the p K a of CS. In contrast, TMC40/gamma-PGA NPs may be a suitable carrier for transmucosal delivery of insulin within the entire intestinal tract.
The Unsteady Pressure Field Over a Turbine Blade Surface: Visualisation and Interpretation of Experimental Data (1997)

The unsteady static pressure field over a turbine rotor has been measured in the Oxford Rotor Facility using 78 flush-mounted miniature pressure transducers. This extensive surface coverage allows ensemble-averaged data to be displayed as an animated image. At the mid-height plane the fluctuations are well predicted using the UNSFLO 2-D unsteady code: away from mid-height the data shows large fluctuations. 12 transducers mounted on the blade leading edge show the relative total pressure field entering the blade row; these plus area traverse measurements at rotor exit are used to interpret the surface flow features. Rotor-mounted hot wires show large variations in blade incidence during the wake-passing cycle and allow conversion of blade-relative data into the absolute frame. Large pressure fluctuations in the root region may be explained in terms of a loss core associated with the NGV wake.
Pd-Fe3O4/RGO: a Highly Active and Magnetically Recyclable Catalyst for Suzuki Cross Coupling Reaction using a Microfluidic Flow Reactor (2019)

There are several crucial issues that need to be addressed in the field of applied catalysis. These issues are not only related to harmful environmental impact but also include process safety concerns, mass and heat transfer limitations, selectivity, high pressure, optimizing reaction conditions, scale-up issues, reproducibility, process reliability, and catalyst deactivation and recovery. Many of these issues could be solved by adopting the concept of micro-reaction technology and flow chemistry in the applied catalysis field. A microwave assisted reduction technique has been used to prepare well dispersed, highly active Pd/Fe3O4 nanoparticles supported on reduced graphene oxide nanosheets (Pd-Fe3O4/RGO), which act as a unique catalyst for Suzuki cross coupling reactions due to the uniform dispersion of palladium nanoparticles throughout the surface of the magnetite - RGO support. The Pd-Fe3O4/RGO nanoparticles have been shown to exhibit extremely high catalytic activity for Suzuki cross coupling reactions under both batch and continuous reaction conditions. This paper reported a reliable method for Suzuki cross-coupling reaction of 4-bromobenzaldehyde using magnetically recyclable Pd/Fe3O4 nanoparticles supported on RGO nanosheets in a microfluidic-based high throughput flow reactor. Organic synthesis can be performed under high pressure and temperature by using a stainless steel micro tubular flow reactor under continuous flow reaction conditions. Optimizing the reaction conditions was performed via changing several parameters including temperature, pressure, and flow rate. Generally, a scalable flow technique by optimizing the reaction parameters under high-temperature and continuous reaction conditions could be successfully developed.
De Vries BBA, Breedveld GJ, Deelen WH, Breunning MH, Niermeijer MF, Heutink P. 2002. Another family with nonspecific X‐linked mental retardation (MRX78) maps to Xp11.4‐p11.23. Am J Med Genet 111:443–445 (2002)

Abstract The original article to which this Erratum refers was published in American Journal of Medical Genetics (2002) 111(4) 443–445.
Exercise induces an increase in muscle UCP3 as a component of the increase in mitochondrial biogenesis (2003)

Previous studies have indicated that exercise acutely induces large increases in uncoupling protein-3 (UCP3) in skeletal muscle, whereas endurance training results in marked decreases in muscle UCP3. Because UCP3 expression appears to be regulated by the same mechanism as other mitochondrial constituents, it seemed unlikely that exercise would result in such large and divergent changes in mitochondrial composition. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that major changes in UCP3 protein concentration do not occur independently of mitochondrial biogenesis and that UCP3 increases as a component of the exercise-induced increase in mitochondria. We found a large increase in UCP3 mRNA immediately and 3 h after a bout of swimming. UCP3 protein concentration was increased approximately 35% 18 h after a single exercise bout, approximately 63% after 3 days, and approximately 84% after 10 days of exercise. These increases in UCP3 roughly paralleled those of other mitochondrial marker proteins. Our results are consistent with the interpretation that endurance exercise induces an adaptive increase in mitochondria that have a normal content of UCP3.
Preoperative cranial ultrasound findings in infants with major congenital heart disease (2005)

Background: Advances in diagnostic testing and surgical techniques have resulted in reduced mortality in neonates with congenital heart disease (CHD) and a major concern for neurological morbidity in the presence of preoperative neurological injury. Objectives: To determine the incidence and nature of preoperative cerebral ultrasound abnormalities in neonates with major CHD and to examine the relationship between cerebral abnormalities and the type of CHD. Methods: Retrospective study; inclusion criteria: (1) neonates with major CHD admitted to the NICU over a 3-y period, (2) gestational age > 35 wk, (3) documented preoperative cranial ultrasound available; exclusion criteria: (1) small for gestational age, (2) other congenital anomalies and/or chromosomal abnormalities, (3) a 5-min Apgar score < 7, (4) congenital infection. Cranial ultrasounds (CUS) were reviewed without knowledge of the cardiac defect. CHDs were categorized. Results: Fifty of 108 neonates with CHD met the inclusion criteria. Twenty-one patients (42%) had abnormalities on CUS. Thirteen of these (26%) had widened ventricular and/or subarachnoid spaces, three (6%) lenticulostriate vasculopathy, one (2%) calcification in the basal nuclei, and four (8%) had acute ischaemic changes. Cerebral abnormalities occurred more frequendy in patients with coarctation or hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) than transposition of the great arteries (TGA) (63% vs 14%; n.s.). Conclusion: There is a high incidence of preoperative cerebral ultrasound abnormalities in this group of neonates with major CHD.
Supplementary Table S1 from A Phase I/II Study for Analytic Validation of <sup>89</sup>Zr-J591 ImmunoPET as a Molecular Imaging Agent for Metastatic Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table S1. Patient demographics&lt;/p&gt;
Incorporation of payload uncertainties into robot trajectory planning (1985)

http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/7584/5/bad2122.0001.001.pdf
Initial Field Testing Results from Spinner, a High Mobility Hybrid UGCV (2003)

Abstract We have designed and built an innovative unmanned vehicle, “Spinner”, that couples extreme terrainability with fuel efficiency, survivability and weapons payload flexibility to deliver the long-range capability required by UGCV missions. Spinner is a highly durable, invertible, 6WD vehicle that responds to the need of a UGCV to surmount challenging terrain obstacles, be easily teleoperated, and withstand an occasional moderate crash and rapidly recover. In addition to rollover crash survivability, the hull, suspension and wheels have been designed for extreme frontal impacts from striking a tree, rock or unseen ditch at speed. Signature and survivability have permeated our entire design exemplified by the vehicle’s low profile, liquid cooling, quiet and cool turbine and careful cooling air management. Spinner’s rough and tumble capability will ease all forms of logistics, transport and deployment. Once on the ground, its flexibility and nimbleness make it very suitable to the fast-changing FCS operational tactics and missions. Spinner was assembled in late 2002 and achieved “rollout” in February 2003. A broad agenda of field-testing was commenced after rollout. In this paper we will describe early field-testing results and key questions to be addressed by our testing program.
Comparative Study on Decoupling Synchronous Current Proportional-Plus-Integral Regulator Design in High Speed PMSM Drives (2019)

High speed permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) drive systems are widely used owing to their high power density, high efficiency. An emerging area for such systems is the electrified aircraft propulsion where high specific power machines are in demand. However, robust control of high speed motors has been a challenging task. This paper presents a comparative study on synchronous current regulation in high speed PMSM drive systems. The coupling between q- and d-axis is a core issue in regulating the machine's electrical dynamics. Several ways to reduce the cross-axis coupling are compared. The effects of inherent system delay on stability and gain tuning is also presented.
Histology, immunohistochemistry, and in situ hybridization reveal overlooked Ebola virus target tissues in the Ebola virus disease guinea pig model (2018)

Survivors of Ebola virus infection may become subclinically infected, but whether animal models recapitulate this complication is unclear. Using histology in combination with immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization in a retrospective review of a guinea pig confirmation-of-virulence study, we demonstrate for the first time Ebola virus infection in hepatic oval cells, the endocardium and stroma of the atrioventricular valves and chordae tendinae, satellite cells of peripheral ganglia, neurofibroblasts and Schwann cells of peripheral nerves and ganglia, smooth muscle cells of the uterine myometrium and vaginal wall, acini of the parotid salivary glands, thyroid follicular cells, adrenal medullary cells, pancreatic islet cells, endometrial glandular and surface epithelium, and the epithelium of the vagina, penis and, prepuce. These findings indicate that standard animal models for Ebola virus disease are not as well-described as previously thought and may serve as a stepping stone for future identification of potential sites of virus persistence.
Restoration of anticoccidial sensitivity to a commercial broiler chicken facility in Canada (2020)

Increasing resistance of Eimeria species to anticoccidial medications is an issue in the broiler chicken industry. Using drug-sensitive strains in live-coccidiosis vaccines has been shown to improve anticoccidial effectiveness in US-based broiler production. In Canada, litter is removed between flocks, which differ from the US industry practice. Thus, we investigated the use of drug-sensitive vaccine strains in a Canadian broiler production facility with suspected anticoccidial resistance. Weekly fecal samples were collected from flocks before, during, and after vaccine seeding to determine oocyst shedding patterns; following the vaccine seeding, OPG counts from similar aged birds were lower than flocks before live-coccidiosis vaccine use. Eimeria species isolates, collected before and after vaccine seeding, were used in 2 anticoccidial sensitivity tests to evaluate their susceptibility to commercially available anticoccidial medications; a low-dose challenge to define parasite replication, and a high-dose challenge to monitor broiler performance. In both experiments, isolates collected after seeding were more susceptible to almost every anticoccidial medication evaluated compared with the isolates collected before seeding. These results demonstrate an improvement in sensitivity to many anticoccidials after the use of live-coccidiosis vaccines at this facility. However, the regulated removal of litter at the end of each flock required under Canadian broiler chicken production management rules could limit the establishment of vaccine-strain Eimeria species in broiler facilities and could shorten the longevity of improved drug sensitivity observed in this study.
Above-threshold numerical modeling of high-index-contrast photonic-crystal quantum cascade lasers (2015)

Three-dimensional above-threshold analyses of high-index-contrast (HC) photonic-crystal (PC) quantum-cascade-laser arrays (QCLA) structures, for operation at watt-range CW powers in a single spatial mode, have been performed. Threeelement HC-PC structures are formed by alternating active- antiguided and passive-guided regions along with respective metal-electrode spatial profiling. The 3-D numerical code takes into account absorption and edge-radiation losses. Rigrod’s approximation is used for the gain. The specific feature of QCLA is that only the transverse component of the magnetic field sees the gain. Results of above-threshold laser modeling in various approximate versions of laser-cavity description are compared with the results of linear, full-vectorial modeling by using the COMSOL package. Additionally, modal gains for several higher-order optical modes, on a ‘frozen gain background’ produced by the fundamental-mode, are computed by the Arnoldi algorithm. The gain spatial-hole burning effect results in growth of the competing modes’ gain with drive current. Approaching the lasing threshold for a competing higher-order mode sets a limit on the single-mode operation range. The modal structure and stability are studied over a wide range in the variation of the inter-element widths. Numerical analyses predict that the proper choice of construction parameters ensures stable single-mode operation at high drive levels above threshold. The output power from a single- mode operated QCLA at a wavelength of 4.7 &mu;m is predicted to be available at multi-watt levels, although this power may be restricted by thermal effects.