gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Validation of an Accurate Three-Dimensional Helical Slow-Wave Circuit Model (1997)

The helical slow-wave circuit embodies a helical coil of rectangular tape supported in a metal barrel by dielectric support rods. Although the helix slow-wave circuit remains the mainstay of the traveling-wave tube (TWT) industry because of its exceptionally wide bandwidth, a full helical circuit, without significant dimensional approximations, has not been successfully modeled until now. Numerous attempts have been made to analyze the helical slow-wave circuit so that the performance could be accurately predicted without actually building it, but because of its complex geometry, many geometrical approximations became necessary rendering the previous models inaccurate. In the course of this research it has been demonstrated that using the simulation code, MAFIA, the helical structure can be modeled with actual tape width and thickness, dielectric support rod geometry and materials. To demonstrate the accuracy of the MAFIA model, the cold-test parameters including dispersion, on-axis interaction impedance and attenuation have been calculated for several helical TWT slow-wave circuits with a variety of support rod geometries including rectangular and T-shaped rods, as well as various support rod materials including isotropic, anisotropic and partially metal coated dielectrics. Compared with experimentally measured results, the agreement is excellent. With the accuracy of the MAFIA helical model validated, the code was used to investigate several conventional geometric approximations in an attempt to obtain the most computationally efficient model. Several simplifications were made to a standard model including replacing the helical tape with filaments, and replacing rectangular support rods with shapes conforming to the cylindrical coordinate system with effective permittivity. The approximate models are compared with the standard model in terms of cold-test characteristics and computational time. The model was also used to determine the sensitivity of various circuit parameters including typical manufacturing dimensional tolerances and support rod permittivity. By varying the circuit parameters of an accurate model using MAFIA, these sensitivities can be computed for manufacturing concerns, and design optimization previous to fabrication, thus eliminating the need for costly experimental iterations. Several variations were made to a standard helical circuit using MAFIA to investigate the effect that variations on helical tape and support rod width, metallized loading height and support rod permittivity, have on TWT cold-test characteristics.
Model-Based Systems Engineering Applied to the Detection and Correction of Object Slippage within a Dexterous Robotic Hand (2021)

Slip detection and correction plays a very important role in robotic manipulation tasks, and it has long been a challenging problem in the robotic community. Further, the advantage of using systems engineering tools and framework to approach a solution and/or modeling of robotic tasks is not often pursued. In this paper, we use Model-Based Systems Engineering techniques to verify system requirements and validate stakeholder requirements for the problem of detecting and correcting for object slippage within a dexterous five-fingered robotic hand. We will discuss how the work accomplished in our laboratory was transferred to a simulated environment and how this simulated environment built in CoppeliaSim was connected to a systems engineering software, Cameo Systems Modeler. Measures of effectiveness were created from the stakeholder requirements for the slippage problem which allowed us to validate the robotic simulation that was built. Structural diagrams of the robotic system and environment were built along with behavioral diagrams of the simulation. Further, we used the connection of Cameo Systems Modeler and CoppeliaSim to track the measures of effectiveness for our robotic task which provided us with a complete systems engineering framework for the problem from the requirements phase through the implementation phase. Our main goal is to show the advantages of following a systems engineering framework to complete a robotic task through the connection of Cameo Systems Modeler and CoppeliaSim.
An efficient strategy for evaluating new non-invasive screening tests for colorectal cancer: the guiding principles (2023)

New non-invasive tests can be efficiently evaluated by a rigorous phased comparative approach, generating data from unbiased populations that inform predictions of their health impact.
Stability and feasibility of MPC for switched linear systems with dwell-time constraints (2016)

This paper considers the control of discrete-time switched linear systems using model predictive control. A model predictive controller is designed with terminal cost and constraints depending on the terminal mode of the switched linear system. Conditions on the terminal cost and constraints are presented to ensure persistent feasibility and stability of the closed-loop system given sufficiently long dwell-time. A procedure is proposed to numerically compute admissible terminal costs and constraint sets.
Organic Reactions in Ionic Liquids Studied by in Situ XPS (2012)

We demonstrate the application of in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to monitor organic, liquid-phase reactions. By covalently attaching ionic head groups to the reacting organic molecules, their volatility can be reduced such that they withstand ultra high vacuum conditions. The applied method, which is new for the investigation of organic reactions, allows for following the fate of all elements present in the reaction mixture--except for hydrogen--in a quantitative and oxidation-state-sensitive manner in one experiment. This concept is demonstrated for the alkylation of a tertiary amine attached to an imidazolium or phosphonium moiety by the anion 4-chlorobutylsulfonate ([ClC(4)H(8)SO(3)](-)). In the course of the reaction, the covalently bound chlorine is converted to chloride and the amine to ammonium as reflected by the distinct shifts in the N 1s and Cl 2p binding energies.
2-Methyl-4-alkenyl-2,3-dihydrofurans by cleavage of the metal–carbon double bond in α,β-unsaturated 2-oxacyclopentylidene pentacarbonyl chromium complexes (1991)

The reaction between the complex (CO)5CrC[graphic omitted] 1 and aliphatic aldehydes bearing α-H atoms, in the presence of dimethylamine hydrochloride and potassium carbonate, leads directly to 1,3-dienes 3a-f; in one case the formation of the intermediate 5 can be demonstrated.
Crystal Growth and Structure of the New Ferrimagnetic Oxyphosphate PbFe3O(PO4)3 (2011)

Abstract A new oxyphosphate, PbFe 3 O(PO 4 ) 3 , has been discovered and its structure has been characterized by single‐crystal XRD between 293 and 973 K (monoclinic, space group P 2 1 / m , a = 7.5826 Å, b = 6.3759 Å, c = 10.4245 Å, β = 99.956°, Z = 2, at r.t.). Direct‐current (DC) magnetic susceptibility and specific heat measurements performed on single crystals revealed an unusual sequence of second‐order ferromagnetic‐like phase transitions at T c 1 = 31.8 K, T c 2 = 23.4 K and T c 3 ≈ 10 K. Alternating‐current (AC) magnetic susceptibility measurements suggest glass‐like dynamics between ca. 20 K and T c 3 .
IOT Based Greenhouse Monitoring and Controlling System (2021)

Abstract Managed areas for the production of plants are greenhouses. Because current greenhouse plants restrict themselves, they are not automatically controlled and have to be manually operated with various documents. The system suggested must be monitored and controlled continuously to ensure optimal growth of plants, e.g. temperature, moisture, soil humidity, light intensity etc. This work shows a management mechanism for children’s nurseries over the Internet of Things (IOT). The System can check for evident conditions, such as humidity, soil immersion, temperature, fire proximity, strength of light, etc. With NodeMCU esp 8266, all data from the environment parameters are sent to the nube. If a parameter exceeds the limit set, the associated actuator is switched on. If the Earth parameter does not meet the required value, the microcontroller turns on the motor. A mobile phone and desktop allows the user to display and monitor parameters.
Static Structures and Dynamics of Hemoglobin Vesicle (HbV) Developed as a Transfusion Alternative (2009)

Hemoglobin vesicle (HbV) is an artificial oxygen carrier that encapsulates solution of purified and highly concentrated (ca. 38 g dL(-1)) human hemoglobin. Its exceptionally high concentration as a liposomal product (ca. 40% volume fraction) achieves an oxygen-carrying capacity comparable to that of blood. We use small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) to investigate the hierarchical structures and dynamics of HbVs in concentrated suspensions. SAXS data revealed unilamellar shell structure and internal density profile of the artificial cell membrane for Hb encapsulation. The SAXS intensity of HbV at scattering vector q > 0.5 nm(-1) manifests dissolution states of the encapsulated Hbs in the inner aqueous phase of the vesicle having ca. 240 nm diameter. The peak position as well as the height and width of static structure factor of Hb before and after encapsulation are almost identical, demonstrating the preserved protein-protein interactions in the confined space. To overcome multiple scattering from turbid samples, we employed thin layer-cell DLS combined with the so-called bruteforce and echo techniques, which allows us to observe collective diffusion dynamics of HbVs without dilution. A pronounced slowdown of the HbV diffusion and eventual emergence of dynamically arrested state in the presence of high-concentration plasma substitutes (water-soluble polymers), such as dextran, modified fluid gelatin, and hydroxylethyl starch, can be explained by depletion interaction. A significantly weaker effect of recombinant human serum albumin on HbV flocculation and viscosity enhancement than those induced by other polymers is clearly attributed to the specificity as a protein; its compact structure efficiently reduces the reservoir polymer volume fraction that determines the depth of the attractive potential between HbVs. These phenomena are technically essential for controlling the suspension rheology, which is advantageous for versatile clinical applications.
The Interactive TREC Track: Putting the User Into Search (2005)

Results from twelve years of the Text REtrieval Conference (TREC), documenting test collections, evaluation standards, and current best practices.
Fluorescent white OLEDs with a high color‐rendering index using a silicon‐cored anthracene derivative as a blue host (2010)

Abstract Fluorescent white organic light‐emitting diodes showing high color‐rendering indices (CRIs) of up to 81 was demonstrated, with a silicon‐cored anthracene derivative (PATSPA) doped with DPAVBi utilized as the deep‐blue host and dye materials, and the commercial dyes rubrene and DCM2 utilized as the orange‐ and red‐light‐emitting dyes. The devices, consisting of three emissive layers, showed bright‐white‐light emission, but the ratio of the blue peak to the orange and red peaks changed with the current density and the thickness of the blue emissive layer. A high CRI was achieved with the use of a deep‐blue emitter doped in a novel host and by optimizing the blue‐layer thickness. The device with a blue‐layer thickness of 10 nm showed the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) color coordinate of (0.33, 0.35), a high CRI of 81, and a moderate external quantum efficiency of 2% at a current density of 2.5 mA/cm2.
Quantification of image quality for color electronic paper (2012)

Abstract We have quantified the image quality of color electronic paper (e‐paper) by subjective evaluations and clarified the requirements for improving the image quality. In the color e‐paper field, various display types have been developed with the focus on improving the display performances or manufacture costs. However, color e‐papers are still under development, and the image quality is not sufficient when compared with printed papers, photographs and conventional displays. With respect to the image quality of color e‐paper in the future, it is very significant to clarify how reflectance, contrast ratio, National Television System Committee (NTSC) ratio, and other factors affect the image quality. Therefore, we have quantified the image quality factors such as color reproduction, tone reproduction, and surface texture. From our experimental results, we could clarify the significant factors and the practical range of image quality of color e‐paper. For instance, both the reflectance of approximately 30% or higher, contrast ratio of approximately 8:1 or higher, and NTSC ratio of 20% or higher are the requirements for obtaining subjective evaluation score that is equivalent to that of newspapers, which are read very widely.
The Spinning problem (2008)

Neighbor discovery in wireless networks with directional antennas is of crucial importance to many applications. In this paper we propose a variation of the classic neighbor discovery problem which we named the spinning problem. Here we are given an arbitrary number of devices on a plane. Each antenna starts spinning at a given rate and transmitting its location. The initial location and orientation are unknown. The goal is to find the rates that minimize the time for each device to find the location of every other device. We analyze a few particular cases of the problem. Specifically, we describe a polynomial time algorithm for 2 devices, and an exponential algorithm for n devices. It remains unknown whether there exists a polynomial time algorithm for an arbitrary number of antennas.
A practical approach for applying machine learning in the detection and classification of network devices used in building management (2021)

Abstract With the increasing deployment of smart buildings and infrastructure, supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) devices and the underlying IT network have become essential elements for the proper operations of these highly complex systems. Of course, with the increase in automation and the proliferation of SCADA devices, a corresponding increase in surface area of attack on critical infrastructure has increased. Understanding device behaviors in terms of known and understood or potentially qualified activities vs unknown and potentially nefarious activities in near‐real time is a key component of any security solution. In this paper, we investigate the challenges with building robust machine learning models to identify unknowns purely from network traffic both inside and outside firewalls, starting with missing or inconsistent labels across sites, feature engineering and learning, temporal dependencies and analysis, and training data quality (including small sample sizes) for both shallow and deep learning methods. To demonstrate these challenges and the capabilities we have developed, we focus on Building Automation and Control networks (BACnet) from a private commercial building system. Our results show that “Model Zoo” built from binary classifiers based on each device or behavior combined with an ensemble classifier integrating information from all classifiers provides a reliable methodology to identify unknown devices as well as determining specific known devices when the device type is in the training set. The capability of the Model Zoo framework is shown to be directly linked to feature engineering and learning, and the dependency of the feature selection varies depending on both the binary and ensemble classifiers as well.
Generation and characterization of human Fetal membrane and Decidual cell lines for reproductive biology experiments (2021)

Human fetal membrane and maternal decidua parietalis form one of the major feto-maternal interfaces during pregnancy. Studies on this feto-maternal interface is limited as several investigators have limited access to the placenta, and experience difficulties to isolate and maintain primary cells. Many cell lines that are currently available do not have the characteristics or properties of their primary cells of origin. Therefore, we created, characterized the immortalized cells from primary isolates from fetal membrane-derived amnion epithelial cells, amnion and chorion mesenchymal cells, chorion trophoblast cells and maternal decidua parietalis cells. Primary cells were isolated from a healthy full-term, not in labor placenta. Primary cells were immortalized using either a HPV16E6E7 retroviral or a SV40T lentiviral system. The immortalized cells were characterized for the morphology, cell type-specific markers, and cell signalling pathway activation. Genomic stability of these cells was tested using RNA seq, karyotyping, and short tandem repeats DNA analysis. Immortalized cells show their characteristic morphology, and express respective epithelial, mesenchymal and decidual markers similar to that of primary cells. Gene expression of immortalized and primary cells were highly correlated (R = 0.798 to R = 0.974). Short tandem repeats DNA analysis showed in the late passage number (>P30) of cell lines matched 84-100% to the early passage number (<P10) of the cell lines revealing there were no genetic drift over the passages. Karyotyping also revealed no chromosomal anomalies. Creation of these cell lines can standardize experimental approaches, eliminate subject to subject variabilities, and benefit the reproductive biological studies on pregnancies by using these cells.
Prekallikrein activator levels and side effects with human albumin preparations. (1980)

Recently the question has been raised whether the presence of prekallikrein activator (PKA) in human blood products for i.v. application could possibly cause adverse reactions in the recipient as observed now and then. Up to now a correlation between both properties is far from being established, even though in the U.S. there has been extensive discussion over some PPL batches containing elevated amounts of PKA, presumed to be causally related to an increased frequency of side reactions. As has been demonstrated in the past through wide clinical experience, human albumin is an exceptionally safe blood product. If at all, side effects sometimes seem to occur related to certain individual lots, the reason for which is still unrevealed. In the pursuit of eventually finding some association between PKA levels in and side reactions with albumin, we performed PKA measurements on a panel of commercial human albumin batches, a few of which had been reported occasionally to cause adverse reactions. The assay procedure was essentially that published (3). BOB PKA reference No 1 was included as a standard. PKA was detected in moderate amounts in huge series of albumin batches without any reported side reactions. We conclude, therefore, that PKA levels in the range of trace amounts cannot be related to side reactions with human albumin preparations.
A parametric formulation of the UTD diffraction coefficients for a dielectric wedge (2004)

A new approximation for the diffraction coefficient for dielectric wedges is presented using curve-fits based on the inverse problem theory. It is shown that significant improvement over existing heuristic formulations can be obtained by polynomial curve-fitting of the multiplying factors in the UTD diffraction coefficients. Although this solution is based on a parametric analysis for a right-angle dielectric wedge, it is conjectured to be extensible to geometries with arbitrary angles. The construction of a UTD-like form for the diffraction coefficient is essentially a reasonable simplification of the exact solution in the sense that the most important terms in series expansions of the multiplying factors constitute the primary components of the diffraction coefficient. Therefore, the proposed method potentially allows faster and more accurate propagation modeling. Further work is required to see if this is a viable generic approach.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Episomal Expression of Truncated Listeriolysin O in LmddA-LLO–E7 Vaccine Enhances Antitumor Efficacy by Preferentially Inducing Expansions of CD4<sup>+</sup>FoxP3<sup>−</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> T Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 2785K, Figure S3. LmddA does not augment Lm-E7 antitumor activity.&lt;/p&gt;
CONTROLLING DROPLET-SIZE DISTRIBUTION USING OIL EMULSIONS IN AGRICULTURAL SPRAYS (2010)

A typical agricultural chemical spray process involves atomizing a liquid stream of diluted pesticide solution through hydraulic spray nozzles that inherently produce a wide spectrum of spray droplet sizes. Finer droplets have higher potential of off-target movement or drift, which is of concern due to their potential impacts on neighboring crops and livestock, sensitive ecological resources, and human health. Research by the Spray Drift Task Force and others has demonstrated that although spray nozzle selection and application parameters are the key factors to produce the desired droplet size spectrum, the physical properties of the spray solution have significant effects on the droplet size distribution for various kinds of nozzles. One of these properties of many spray fluids is the inclusion of an oil phase in the form of emulsions. The effect of oil-in-water emulsions on spray droplet size distribution has been demonstrated by previous work. However, the mechanisms of this effect are largely unknown. In this study, a model system of polyvinyl alcohol emulsified methylated soybean oil in water was created in a series of spray solutions. The effects of emulsion particle size, dynamic surface tension, and oil phase viscosity were studied systematically, and atomization mechanism hypotheses were proposed. It was proposed that the shear rate provided by the spray process can deform and elongate the emulsion droplets inside the nozzle but may not be sufficient to break them. The elongated emulsion droplets then recover when the spray jet sheet exits the nozzle, which presents localized oscillation frequency irregularities and causes perforation and early breakup of the jet sheet. This study will help in the design of agricultural spray nozzles and the optimization of antidrift spray additives.
ROAdNoC: Runtime observability for an adaptive network on chip architecture (2008)

Hard-to-predict system behavior and/or reliability issues resulting from migrating to new technology nodes requires considering runtime adaptivity in future on-chip systems. Run-time observability is a prerequisite for runtime adaptivity as it is providing necessary system information gathered on-the-fly. We are presenting the first comprehensive runtime observability infrastructure for an adaptive network on chip architecture which is flexible (e.g. in choosing the routing path), hardly intrusive, and requires little additional overhead (around 0.7% of the total link bandwidth). The hardware overhead is negligible, too, and is in fact less than the hardware savings due to resource multiplexing capabilities that are achieved through runtime observability/adaptivity. As an example, our on-demand buffer assignment scheme increases the buffer utilization and decreases the overall buffer requirements by an average of 42% (the buffer area amounts to about 60% of the entire router area [19]) in our case study analysis compared to a fixed buffer assignment scheme [7]. Our runtime observability on an average also increases the connection success rate by 62% compared to the case without runtime observability for the applications from the E3S benchmark suite [6]. We show the advantages obtained through runtime observability and compare with state-of-the art communication-centric designs.