gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modeling Mass Transfer and Interfacial Reactions in Three Liquid Phase Transfer Catalysis (2001)

In this work, we present a mass transfer model for three liquid phase transfer catalysis. The general model assumes that all chemical reactions are localized at phase interfaces. Despite this simplification, the predicted trends in conversion versus time and for variations of the model's dimensionless parameters are in accord with experimental observations. An analytical solution for conversion versus time is reported for the limiting case of a thin film of the third liquid phase separating an organic drop from the surrounding aqueous continuum. The analytical solution can be used to rationalize the observed jump in conversion upon formation of the third liquid phase and may assist in extracting kinetic information from experimental conversion data.
Low rank matrix recovery via augmented lagrange multiplier with nonconvex minimization (2016)

In recovery problem, nuclear norm as a convex envelope of rank function is widely used. However, nuclear norm minimization problem tends not to identify optimal solution, so recently, other heuristic surrogate functions such as nonconvex logdet are utilized to recover sparser signal. In this paper, to handle nonconvex optimation problem, a modified Augmented Lagrange Multiplier Method (ALMM) is developed using weighted nuclear norm instead of nuclear norm which conventional ALMM treats for convex optimization. We experiment on real images in Matrix Completion problem with diverse nonconvex, and show that instead of solving a simple convex problem, nonconvex optimization problem can reconstruct a low rank matrix more accurately and the convergence rate is faster with having higher average PSNR.
Real-Time imaging with a high speed X-Ray CT system (2012)

The Real Time Tomography (RTT) system is a new type of fast cone beam CT scanner, using fixed rings of multiple sources and detectors in an offset geometry. We demonstrate the potential of this system for use in the imaging of high speed dynamic processes, such as moving fluid flows. The effect of the source firing pattern is discussed, with application to increasing the temporal resolution of the system. Through the use of a simple temporal regularisation term, we show that temporal resolution can be further increased, at the expense of a slight loss in spatial resolution.
Supplementary document for Extreme depth of focus imaging with a flat lens - 4431475.pdf (2020)

Supplementary Information
Self-healing supramolecular polymers (2013)

Materials are autonomously self-healing when repair is triggered not by external intervention (heat, light...) but by the damage itself. Complex composite architectures have been devised by several groups to show essentially this type of behaviour. On the other hand, a simple polymer melt is repeatedly self-healing, by simple re-entanglement of polymer chains. The problem is that even though at short time such a material behaves like an elastic solid, it has sticky surfaces and finally, at long times it flows under the effect of a constraint. Achieving a homogeneous polymer material that can behave like a real elastic solid and can self-repair without external action is therefore a challenge. Supramolecular chemistry teaches us to control non-covalent interactions between organic molecules, particularly through the use of optimized building blocks capable of establishing several hydrogen bonds in parallel. On this basis, we will discuss design principles and our endeavours to create novel supramolecular networks with rubbery elasticity, self-healing ability and as little as
Stimulated Brillouin processes in crystals and glasses. Final report, September 17, 1986--October 31, 1991 (1992)

The basic physics and material properties needed to describe and predict the Brillouin gain for a variety of materials have been investigated. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) has identified transverse stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) as an important limiting mechanism in high power laser fusion systems. At sufficiently high laser intensities, SBS drives acoustic vibrations that can damage optical components. SRI has performed measurements and developed the corresponding theory for stimulated Brillouin gain spectroscopy in anisotropic crystals. Absolute Brillouin steady-state gain coefficients, linewidths, and frequency shifts have been determined at 532 nm for a number of optical materials of interest to LLNL. This knowledge can be used to select optical materials and devise suppression schemes that will allow much higher laser fluences to be used in laser fusion.
Rhythm and melody as social signals for infants (2018)

Infants typically experience music through social interactions with others. One such experience involves caregivers singing to infants while holding and bouncing them rhythmically. These highly social interactions shape infant music perception and may also influence social cognition and behavior. Moving in time with others-interpersonal synchrony-can direct infants' social preferences and prosocial behavior. Infants also show social preferences and selective prosociality toward singers of familiar, socially learned melodies. Here, we discuss recent studies of the influence of musical engagement on infant social cognition and behavior, highlighting the importance of rhythmic movement and socially relevant melodies.
Experimental Realisation of 3 × 3 MIMO System with Mode Group Diversity Multiplexing Limited by Modal Noise (2008)

We show experimentally the feasibility of a 3×3 MIMO system based on Mode Group Diversity Multiplexing over GI-MMF. The main limiting effect of modal noise is reduced by large detection areas.
Devices for microwave photonics (2002)

Microwave photonics has advanced greatly as a result of breakthroughs on many fronts. Breakthroughs in fiber amplifiers, sources and receivers have all resulted in greatly increased system performance, and significant evolution of microwave photonic networks has occurred. The author discusses these elements in turn. There are many applications of microwave photonics, including fiber optic distribution of signals for cellular networks, phase array radars, and cable TV. Bandwidth requirements in these applications keep increasing, driving up the center frequency and increasing the need for microwave photonics to reduce the loss, dispersion, crosstalk and cost. This is also causing an evolution in these networks from smaller, lower frequency networks at 0.88 /spl mu/m to larger, higher frequency networks at 1.3 and 1.5 /spl mu/m.
CADament (2014)

We present CADament, a gamified multiplayer tutorial system for learning AutoCAD. Compared with existing gamified software tutorial systems, CADament generates engaging learning experience through competitions. We investigate two variations of our game, where over-the-shoulder learning was simulated by providing viewports into other player's screens. We introduce an empirical lab study methodology where participants compete with one another, and we study knowledge transfer effects by tracking the migration of strategies between players during the study session. Our study shows that CADament has an advantage over pre-authored tutorials for improving learners' performance, increasing motivation, and stimulating knowledge transfer.
IS-IS Extensions for Advertising Router Information (2016)

This document defines a new optional Intermediate System to
Intermediate System (IS-IS) TLV named CAPABILITY, formed of multiple
sub-TLVs, which allows a router to announce its capabilities within an
IS-IS level or the entire routing domain. This document obsoletes RFC
4971.
[Biological markers in renal cell carcinoma]. (1990)

The development of immunoassays for the diagnosis of renal cancer promises significant improvements in clinical treatment. Monoclonal antibodies have defined numerous kidney-associated antigens. In at least one instance (ADAbp), an immunoassay has already been established that is helpful in the diagnosis of benign renal diseases. A similar approach may also be useful in renal cancer. Similarly, in at least one instance a previously undefined peptide (HHM factor) has been cloned and sequenced. Synthesis of this peptide and the production of antibodies to it is imminent. The possibility of measuring this peptide and/or the many other aberrantly produced peptides associated with this cancer would presumably mean a substantial improvement in early diagnosis and therefore cure rates in renal cancer. The final role of chromosome changes in the diagnosis and determination of prognosis cannot yet be defined.
Antibodies to type D retrovirus in talapoin monkeys (1991)

Sera from 154 African non-human primates were screened for the presence of antibodies to type D retrovirus proteins. Four of five talapoin monkeys (Miopithecus sp.) captured in western Africa were positive for antibodies to type D retrovirus by ELISA and by immunoblot reactivity. Talapoins are the only African non-human primates that have so far shown evidence for type D retrovirus infection. Thus, talapoin monkeys appear to be a reservoir of type D retrovirus infection.
Metabolic inhibition in the perfused rat heart: evidence for glycolytic requirement for normal sodium homeostasis (1998)

Subcellular compartmentalization of energy stores to support different myocardial processes has been exemplified by the glycolytic control of the ATP-sensitive K + channel. Recent data suggest that the control of intracellular sodium (Na i ) may also rely on glycolytically derived ATP; however, the degree of this dependence is unclear. To examine this question, isolated, perfused rat hearts were exposed to hypoxia, to selectively inhibit oxidative metabolism, or iodoacetate (IAA, 100 μmol/l), to selectively inhibit glycolysis. Na i and myocardial high-energy phosphate levels were monitored using triple-quantum-filtered (TQF) 23 Na and 31 P magnetic resonance spectroscopy, respectively. The effects of ion exchange mechanisms (Na + /Ca 2+ , Na + /H + ) on Na i were examined by pharmacological manipulation of these channels. Na i , as monitored by shift reagent-aided TQF 23 Na spectral amplitudes, increased by ∼220% relative to baseline after 45 min of perfusion with IAA, with or without rapid pacing. During hypoxia, Na i increased by ∼200% during rapid pacing but did not increase in unpaced hearts or when the Na + /H + exchange blocker ethylisopropylamiloride (EIPA, 10 μmol/l) was used. Neither EIPA nor a low-Ca 2+ perfusate (50 μmol/l) could prevent the rise in Na i during perfusion with IAA. Myocardial function and high-energy phosphate stores were preserved during inhibition of glycolysis with IAA and continued oxidative metabolism. These results suggest that glycolysis is required for normal Na + homeostasis in the perfused rat heart, possibly because of preferential fueling of Na-K-adenosinetriphosphatase by glycolytically derived ATP.
Operation of phase-diverse adaptive-optics with extended scenes (2008)

Previously, we demonstrated useful and novel features of the General Dynamics QuickStar adaptive-optics testbed utilizing Phase Diversity (PD) as the wavefront sensor operating on a point object. Point objects are relatively easy to produce in the laboratory and simplify the calibration procedure. However, for some applications, natural or artificial beacons may not be readily available and a wavefront sensor that operates on extended scenes is required. Accordingly, the QuickStar testbed has been augmented to allow PD to operate on natural three-dimensional solar-illuminated scenes external to the QuickStar laboratory. In addition, a computationally efficient chip-selection strategy has been developed that allows PD to operate on chips with favorable scene content. Finally, a covariance matrix has been developed that provides an accuracy estimate for PD wavefront-parameter estimates. The covariance can be used by the controls algorithm to properly weight the correction applied according to the accuracy of the estimates. These advances suggest that PD is a sufficiently mature technology for use in adaptive optics systems that require operation with extended scenes.
Effect on blood pressure of lumiracoxib versus ibuprofen in patients with osteoarthritis and controlled hypertension: a randomized trial (2008)

Treatment with lumiracoxib 100 mg once daily resulted in clinically significant lower blood pressure compared with ibuprofen 600 mg three times daily in osteoarthritis patients with well controlled hypertension.
Analysis of Equal Gain Combining in Energy Detection for Cognitive Radio over Nakagami Channels (2008)

This paper addresses the problem of energy detection of unknown deterministic signal of a primary user in a cognitive radio environment. As an extension to the previous works, we focus on equal gain combining technique when the wireless channel is modeled as Nakagami-m. We derive series form exact expressions for probability of detection and false alarm when the number of diversity branches are 1, 2, 3 and L ges 4. Finally, performance variation is shown against the number of diversity branches and the time bandwidth product in decision statistic with the aid of numerical results.
Direct Evaluation of the Quantum Confinement Effect in Single Isolated Ge Nanocrystals (2015)

To address the yet open question regarding the nature of quantum confinement in Ge nanocrystals (Ge NCs) we employed scanning tunneling spectroscopy to monitor the electronic structure of individual isolated Ge NCs as a function of their size. The (single-particle) band gaps extracted from the tunneling spectra increase monotonically with decreasing nanocrystal size, irrespective of the capping ligands, manifesting the effect of quantum confinement. Band-gap widening of ∼1 eV with respect to the bulk value was observed for Ge-NCs 3 nm in diameter. The picture emerging from comparison with theoretical calculations and other experimental results is discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: THE PREPARATION OF D‐NORSTEROIDAL SKELETAL TYPE FROM A DITERPENIC PRECURSOR (1979)

Abstract Pimaren (I) wird zur Carbonsäure (IIa) oxidiert, die über das Diazoketon (IIb) in die Kondensate (III) in guten Ausbeuten übergeführt werden kann.
Printer-scanner identification via analysis of structured security deterrents (2009)

Device identification, the ability to discern the (separate) devices by which a document was produced and/or imaged, can be leveraged in the design of quality assurance (QA) systems as well as the practice of forensic analysis. It is shown that QA metrics associated with printed security markings provide a useful approach for performing multiple device identification, i.e., printer-scanner identification. While some previous methods have focused on properties of sensors to extract signatures from general image data, the proposed approach leverages the highly structured nature of color tile deterrents to predict device (combination) signatures based on a limited amount of information. Constraints introduced by the deterrent structure yield a relatively simple classification strategy with strong performance using a 10-dimensional feature vector. Sixteen printer-scanner combinations (composed from 4 printers and 4 scanners) are tested using this method. Results illustrate device signature prediction performance that is competitive with current state-of-the-art approaches based on physical models of the devices involved.
A rotor lamination design for surface permanent magnet retention at high speeds (1996)

A major problem in the design and manufacturing of surface mounted permanent magnet machines is reliably holding the permanent magnets in place at high speeds. This paper evaluates a unique rotor lamination design for a high pole number, permanent magnet alternator. This buried magnet design, which is capable of reliably holding the permanent magnets in place at high speeds, offers both easier and cheaper assembly when compared with the methods currently used in surface mounted permanent magnet machines. Finite element analysis is used to compare the buried magnet design with equivalent surface mounted designs and shows that the performance of the alternator is not significantly affected by the iron over the magnets. Experimental results from a prototype alternator further corroborate the FEA and show that the design is capable of operating at high speeds with no other means of magnet retention. In addition, an improvement in the buried magnet design which can reduce the lamination complexity is suggested and examined.
Interstitial lung disease and gastroesophageal reflux disease: key role of esophageal function tests in the diagnosis and treatment (2011)

The results of our study show that: (a) abnormal reflux was present in about 2/3 of patients with respiratory disorders (idiophatic pulmonary fibrosis, connective tissue disorders and sarcoidosis), and it extended to the upper esophagus in most patients; (b) the sensitivity and specificity of reflux symptoms was very low; and (c) esophageal function tests were essential to establish the diagnosis of abnormal reflux, to characterize the esophageal function and guide therapy. Long term follow-up will be necessary to determine if control of reflux alters the natural history of these respiratory disorders.
Development of Monoclonal Antibodies Specific for the Human Sodium-dependent Phosphate Co-transporter NaPi2b (2008)

Homeostasis of inorganic phosphate in the human body is maintained by regulated absorption, metabolism, and excretion. Sodium-dependent phosphate transporters (NaPi) mediate the transport of inorganic phosphate (P(i)) in cells in response to dietary phosphate consumption, hormones, and growth factors. NaPi2b is a member of the sodium-dependent phosphate transporter family, with a distinct pattern of expression and regulation. Signaling pathways activated by mitogens, glucocorticoids, and metabolic factors have been implicated in regulating P(i) transport via NaPi2b. Inactivation of NaPi2b function by mutations has been linked to human pathologies, such as pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis. In this study, we describe the generation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against human NaPi2b. The monoclonal antibodies were shown to recognize specifically transiently overexpressed and endogenous NaPi2b in commonly used immunoassays, including Western blotting, immunoprecipitation, and immunohistochemistry. These properties make them particularly valuable reagents for elucidating NaPi2b function in health and disease.
Cold Atmospheric Plasma Differentially Affects Cell Renewal and Differentiation of Stem Cells and Apc-Deficient-Derived Tumor Cells in Intestinal Organoids (2021)

ABSTRACT Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) treatment has been proposed as a potentially innovative therapeutic tool in the biomedical field, notably for cancer due to its proposed toxic selectivity on cancer cells versus healthy cells. In the present study, we addressed the relevance of three-dimensional organoid technology to investigate the biological effects of CAP on normal epithelial stem cells and tumor cells isolated from mouse small intestine. CAP treatment exerted dose-dependent cytotoxicity on normal organoids and induced major transcriptomic changes associated with global response to oxidative stress, fetal-like regeneration reprogramming and apoptosis-mediated cell death. Moreover, we explored the potential selectivity of CAP on tumor-like Apc-deficient versus normal organoids in the same genetic background. Unexpectedly, tumor organoids exhibited higher resistance to CAP treatment, correlating with higher antioxidant activity at baseline as compared to normal organoids. This pilot study suggests that the ex vivo culture system could be a relevant alternative model to further investigate translational medical applications of CAP technology.
Distributed sensing for damage localization (2012)

The growing demand of safety awareness has stimulated, in the last few years, the development of several monitoring techniques capable of detecting early-stage events, thus preventing structures from major failures and leading to a better knowledge of the structure itself (Glisic, B. & Inaudi D. 2007 ; Inaudi, D. & Glisic, B. 2006). In the field of structural and geotechnical applications such as bridges, buildings, levees, landslide, sinkhole and tunnels, where both structure dimensions and “a-priori” damage location forecast represent a challenge, distributed techniques offer the capability of monitoring over several kilometers using a single Fiber Optic Sensor, (FOS). Thus, using a limited number of very long sensors it is possible to monitor structural and functional behavior of structures with a high measurement and spatial resolution at a reasonable cost (Inaudi, D. & Glisic, B. 2007). 1.1 Read-out units
A phase II trial of maintenance ADAPT therapy targeting colon cancer stem cells in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. (2014)

TPS3650 Background: Presence of cancer stem cells (CSC) appears to be the chief cause of drug resistance to cytotoxic or targeted chemotherapy. Experimental models suggest that these resistant cancer cells undergo dormancy transition that is best targeted with a stemness modulator in its activation window through a strategy that we call ADAPT: Activating (CSC) from Dormancy And Potentiate for Targeting. In vitro and in vivo data suggest that 5FU activates while celecoxib inhibits and depletes these putative colorectal CSC. We retrospectively administer three year ADAPT therapy in unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer (MCRC) patients using capecitabine and celecoxib +/- radiation following maximal responses (complete (CR) and partial response (PR) and stable disease (SD)) to first-line combination chemotherapy. ADAPT therapy led to 30% CR and additional 10% surgical CR whose median survival reached 92.7 months in patients with unresectable MCRC. (Lin et al AACR 2010 LB-254). Methods: Fred Hutch Cancer Research Center institutional review board (IRB) approved this prospective phase II ADAPT study funded by Gateway for Cancer Cure in October 2013. The primary endpoint is to determine the rate of CR at three years. The secondary objectives are to determine progression free survival, overall survival, and relapse free survival (if CR) based on intent to treat analysis. Forty-three unresectable MCRC patients except those with brain or bone metastases or severe bowel obstruction will be enrolled and patients must have achieved maximal response (CR, PR, or SD) to first-line chemotherapy before prior to three-year ADAPT protocol +/-radiation. Patient must not be allergic to NSAIDs or sulfonamide and aspirin is not allowed. Eight patients have been enrolled to date and trial will be terminated if less than one complete response (including surgical CR) in the first 20 MCRC patients. Translational
Order–disorder behavior of ferroelectric phase transition of KTa1−xNbxO3 probed by Brillouin scattering (2011)

The precursor dynamics of a cubic–tetragonal ferroelectric phase transition of potassium tantalate niobate (KTa1−xNbxO3 with x=0.32) crystals is studied by Brillouin scattering. The appearance of the central peak (CP) and marked softening of the elastic constant c11 are clearly observed above the Curie temperature, TC–T, owing to the interaction between the LA mode and local polarization fluctuations of polar nanoregions (PNRs). The relaxation time determined by the CP width clearly shows a critical slowing down above TC–T, indicating an order–disorder feature of the ferroelectric phase transition. The size of a dynamic PNR is evaluated, and it increases toward TC–T.