gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: The Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Bridging Nucleoside Analogues. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Oppenheimer's Diagnostic Neuropathology (2006)

Oppenheimers Diagnostic Neuropathology, A Practical Manual has become a modern classic in its field, covering the practical aspects of the work of the neuropathologist. Full of sensible advice and observations often omitted from neuropathology texts, it guides the neuropathologist through the methods available to them when facing diagnostic questio
Optimally Controlled Flexible Fuel Powertrain System (2010)

The primary objective of this project was to develop a true Flex Fuel Vehicle capable of running on any blend of ethanol from 0 to 85% with reduced penalty in usable vehicle range. A research and development program, targeting 10% improvement in fuel economy using a direct injection (DI) turbocharged spark ignition engine was conducted. In this project a gasoline-optimized high-technology engine was considered and the hardware and configuration modifications were defined for the engine, fueling system, and air path. Combined with a novel engine control strategy, control software, and calibration this resulted in a highly efficient and clean FFV concept. It was also intended to develop robust detection schemes of the ethanol content in the fuel integrated with adaptive control algorithms for optimized turbocharged direct injection engine combustion. The approach relies heavily on software-based adaptation and optimization striving for minimal modifications to the gasoline-optimized engine hardware system. Our ultimate objective was to develop a compact control methodology that takes advantage of any ethanol-based fuel mixture and not compromise the engine performance under gasoline operation.
Design and modeling of planar transformer-based silicon integrated passive devices for wireless applications (2009)

This paper presents design and modeling techniques for integrated passive devices (IPDs) that can be stacked with RF chips in a highly integrated three-dimensional IC for wireless applications. The research starts to study winding and modeling techniques for high-efficiency planar transformers. In an Above-IC process for silicon IPDs, the planar transformers realized can provide a passive efficiency as high as near 90%. Based upon the proposed and modeled high-efficiency planar transformers, the research explores novel planar transformer-based structures for various kinds of wireless passive components including baluns, bandpass filters and power combiners to achieve miniature size as well as high performance.
Alkane Dehydrogenation by C–H Activation at Iridium(III) (2013)

Stoichiometric alkane dehydrogenation utilizing an IrIII pincer complex, (dmPhebox)Ir(OAc)2(OH2) (1a), has been described. The reaction between 1a and octane resulted in quantitative formation of (dmPhebox)Ir(OAc)(H) (3a) and octene. At early reaction times 1-octene is the major product, indicative of terminal C–H activation by 1a. In contrast to prior reports of alkane dehydrogenation with Ir, C–H bond activation occurs at IrIII and the dehydrogenation is not inhibited by nitrogen, olefin, or water.
Short Paper: Improving the Responsiveness of Internet Services with Automatic Cache Placement (2009)

The backends of today’s Internet services rely heavily on caching at various layers both to provide faster service to common requests and to reduce load on back-end components. Cache placement is especially challenging given the diversity of workloads handled by widely deployed Internet services. This paper presents FLUXO, an analysis technique that automatically optimizes cache placement. Our experiments have shown that near-optimal cache placements vary significantly based on input distribution. Categories and Subject Descriptors H.3.5 [Online Information Services]: Web-based services; D.4.2 [Storage
Time-Dependent Urban Customized Bus Routing With Path Flexibility (2020)

Urban customized bus companies are increasingly motivated by design efforts that entail more efficient route scenarios to incorporate adaptation to temporal and spatial heterogeneity in travel demand. However, such motivations are usually hindered by ubiquitous arrival unpunctuality resulting from traffic congestion. To resolve this problem, we suggest a time-dependent bus route planning methodology that explicitly considers path flexibility between nodes to be visited. First, we establish a mixed-integer programming model to formulate the problem, where decision-making considerations in bus route planning, path choice between nodes, and passenger assignment are concurrently integrated. Then, we develop a hybrid metaheuristic (combining tabu search and variable neighborhood search) to solve the model, in which satisfactory performance is observed from the numerical test in a small-sized example. Finally, the problem and methodology are addressed in a city-scale instance, where the effects of time-window features and traffic congestion, as well as the benefits from path flexibility inclusion in terms of cost, travel time, and distance are investigated.
Aspartate β-hydroxylase as a target for cancer therapy (2020)

As metastasis is a major cause of death in cancer patients, new anti-metastatic strategies are needed to improve cancer therapy outcomes. Numerous pathways have been shown to contribute to migration and invasion of malignant tumors. Aspartate β-hydroxylase (ASPH) is a key player in the malignant transformation of solid tumors by enhancing cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. ASPH also promotes tumor growth by stimulation of angiogenesis and immunosuppression. These effects are mainly achieved via the activation of Notch and SRC signaling pathways. ASPH expression is upregulated by growth factors and hypoxia in different human tumors and its inactivation may have broad clinical impact. Therefore, small molecule inhibitors of ASPH enzymatic activity have been developed and their anti-metastatic effect confirmed in preclinical mouse models. ASPH can also be targeted by monoclonal antibodies and has also been used as a tumor-associated antigen to induce both cluster of differentiation (CD) 8<sup>+</sup> and CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells in mice. The PAN-301-1 vaccine against ASPH has already been tested in a phase 1 clinical trial in patients with prostate cancer. In summary, ASPH is a promising target for anti-tumor and anti-metastatic therapy based on inactivation of catalytic activity and/or immunotherapy.
Ultra high voltage MOS controlled 4H-SiC power switching devices (2015)

Ultra high voltage (UHV, >15 kV) 4H-silicon carbide (SiC) power devices have the potential to significantly improve the system performance, reliability, and cost of energy conversion systems by providing reduced part count, simplified circuit topology, and reduced switching losses. In this paper, we compare the two MOS based UHV 4H-SiC power switching devices; 15 kV 4H-SiC MOSFETs and 15 kV 4H-SiC n-IGBTs. The 15 kV 4H-SiC MOSFET shows a specific on-resistance of 204 mΩ cm2 at 25 °C, which increased to 570 mΩ cm2 at 150 °C. The 15 kV 4H-SiC MOSFET provides low, temperature-independent, switching losses which makes the device more attractive for applications that require higher switching frequencies. The 15 kV 4H-SiC n-IGBT shows a significantly lower forward voltage drop (VF), along with reasonable switching performance, which make it a very attractive device for high voltage applications with lower switching frequency requirements. An electrothermal analysis showed that the 15 kV 4H-SiC n-IGBT outperforms the 15 kV 4H-SiC MOSFET for applications with switching frequencies of less than 5 kHz. It was also shown that the use of a carrier storage layer (CSL) can significantly improve the conduction performance of the 15 kV 4H-SiC n-IGBTs.
SYNTHESIS AND BLOOD BIOCOMPATIBILITY OF PHOTOPOLYMERIZABLE, BRANCHED PEG HYDROGEL (1996)

Andreopoulos, F; Deible, C; Wagner, W; Weber, S; Beckman, E; Russell, A Author Information
IC‐P‐131: WHITE MATTER HYPOINTENSITY GROWTH RATE CORRELATES WITH RATE OF BRAIN ATROPHY (2014)

Recently there has been a significant share of studies that investigate the contributions of white matter changes appearing as hypointesities in T1 (and hyperintensities in T2, FLAIR) weighted magnetic resonance images (MRI) in the clinical manifestation of AD. A majority of these studies report the relation of WMH volume to the rate of brain tissue loss. In this study, we will investigate the role of WMH growth rate in relation to the rate of brain atrophy. A set of 504 1.5T T1-weighted MRI scans from the ADNI database (baseline and month 12), recently proposed by ADNI, was used (169 Normal Controls (NC), 234 Mild Cognitively Impaired (MCI), 101 Alzheimer's Disease (AD)). FreeSurfer was used to segment the brain structures including WMH. We used the non-rigid registration-based cube propagation technology to compute localized rate of atrophy and WMH growth rate. Initially, a linear regression with WMH growth rate as the dependent variable and age, gender, diagnosis as independent variables was performed. Table 1 shows the Pearson's correlation between whole brain/hippocampal atrophy and WMH growth rate. Initially, we observe that neither age nor gender is a factor in WMH growth. As expected, the diagnostic groups (beta=2.27, p<0.001) were significantly correlated with WMH growth rate. Both whole brain and hippocampal atrophy rate overall were significantly correlated with WMH growth rate. In the diagnostic groups, WMH growth rate was significantly correlated to the rate of whole brain atrophy in the AD group, and to rate of hippocampal atrophy in the MCI group. As hippocampal atrophy is generally believed to precede whole brain atrophy, this may indicate that the onset of WMH growth is early in the cascade of events. We found a relationship between WMH growth rate and the rate of tissue loss in both hippocampus and whole brain. This is complementary to earlier studies that showed WMH volume to be a predictor of subsequent tissue loss. The results indicate that the white matter hypointesities may occur early and its growth rate coexist with atrophy in the disease process.
Massive MIMO As an Extreme Learning Machine (2020)

This work shows that a massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system with low-resolution analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) forms a natural extreme learning machine (ELM). The receive antennas at the base station serve as the hidden nodes of the ELM, and the low-resolution ADCs act as the ELM activation function. By adding random biases to the received signals and optimizing the ELM output weights, the system can effectively tackle hardware impairments, such as the nonlinearity of power amplifiers and the low-resolution ADCs. Moreover, the fast adaptive capability of ELM allows the design of an adaptive receiver to address time-varying effects of MIMO channels. Simulations demonstrate the promising performance of the ELM-based receiver compared to conventional receivers in dealing with hardware impairments.
Perforin gene mutations in patients with acquired aplastic anemia (2007)

Perforin is a cytolytic protein expressed mainly in activated cytotoxic lymphocytes and natural killer cells. Inherited perforin mutations account for 20% to 40% of familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, a fatal disease of early childhood characterized by the absence of functional perforin. Aplastic anemia, the paradigm of immune-mediated bone marrow failure syndromes, is characterized by hematopoietic stem cell destruction by activated T cells and Th1 cytokines. We examined whether mutations in the perforin gene occurred in acquired aplastic anemia. Three nonsynonymous PRF1 mutations among 5 unrelated patients were observed. Four of 5 patients with the mutations showed some hemophagocytosis in the bone marrow at diagnosis. Perforin protein levels in these patients were very low or absent, and perforin granules were completely absent. Natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity from these patients was significantly decreased. Our data suggest that PRF1 genetic alterations help explain the aberrant proliferation and activation of cytotoxic T cells and may represent genetic risk factors for bone marrow failure.
VolRecon: Volume Rendering of Signed Ray Distance Functions for Generalizable Multi-View Reconstruction (2022)

The success of the Neural Radiance Fields (NeRF) in novel view synthesis has inspired researchers to propose neural implicit scene reconstruction. However, most existing neural implicit reconstruction methods optimize per-scene parameters and therefore lack generalizability to new scenes. We introduce VolRecon, a novel generalizable implicit reconstruction method with Signed Ray Distance Function (SRDF). To reconstruct the scene with fine details and little noise, VolRecon combines projection features aggregated from multi-view features, and volume features interpolated from a coarse global feature volume. Using a ray transformer, we compute SRDF values of sampled points on a ray and then render color and depth. On DTU dataset, VolRecon outperforms SparseNeuS by about 30% in sparse view reconstruction and achieves comparable accuracy as MVSNet in full view reconstruction. Furthermore, our approach exhibits good generalization performance on the large-scale ETH3D benchmark.
Specific Adverse Events Predict Survival Benefit in Patients Treated With Tamoxifen or Aromatase Inhibitors: An International Tamoxifen Exemestane Adjuvant Multinational Trial Analysis (2013)

Certain specific AEs are associated with superior survival outcomes and may therefore be useful in predicting treatment responses in patients with breast cancer treated with endocrine therapy.
Immediate tangential excision accelerates wound closure but does not reduce scarring of mid-dermal porcine burns. (2016)

Current evidence supports the use of excision to remove eschar from deep dermal and full-thickness burns. However, the role of excision of mid-dermal burns remains unclear. This study aimed to develop a porcine model that could produce reproducible middermal thermal burns that undergo tangential excision; and investigate the effects of immediate tangential excision (30 minutes postburn) on healing and scarring. An aluminum bar preheated in hot water (70°C) was applied for 20 or 30 s to produce a total of sixteen mid-dermal burns per pig on each of six pigs. Thirty minutes after burn creation, half of the burns were tangentially excised. Four partial- thickness wounds per pig were created as controls. Depth of burn injury (1 and 24 h), reepithelialization (7 and 10 d) and scar depth (28 d) were assessed microscopically. Total scar surface area was grossly evaluated on day 28. Exposure of porcine skin to a preheated aluminum bar at 70 °C for 20 or 30 sec resulted in reproducible mid-dermal burns, where immediate excision enhanced complete wound closure as judged by complete re-epithelialization, but did not reduce initial depth of injury, scar contraction and scar depth. Immediate surgical intervention is sufficient to enhance wound closure, but not to mitigate mid-dermal burn scar formation. This work provides a suitable animal model to evaluate novel therapies that may be used to inhibit burn progression, accelerate wound closure and decrease scarring, especially those therapies unable to penetrate burn eschar.
1 ∕ f noise in single-walled carbon nanotube devices (2004)

We report the scaling behavior of 1∕f noise in single-walled carbon nanotube devices. In this study we use two-dimensional carbon nanotube networks to explore the geometric scaling of 1∕f noise and find that for devices of a given resistance the noise scales inversely with device size. We have established an empirical formula that describes this behavior over a wide range of device parameters that can be used to assess the noise characteristics of carbon nanotube-based electronic devices and sensors.
Novel Adhesive via Cyclotrimerization (2010)

The authors synthesize a novel, high-performance tricyanate ester adhesive (4) in 63% overall yield. The key step in the monomer synthesis was the conversion of 2 into 3 using ­Elghamry’s cyclotrimerization conditions.
Mitigation of Wear-Induced Failure of Microsystems by Vapor Phase Lubrication. (2016)

Abstract not provided.
Learned Proximal Operator for Solving Seismic Deconvolution Problem (2023)

Seismic deconvolution is an essential step in seismic data processing that aims to extract layer information from noisy observed traces. In general, this is an ill-posed problem with non-unique solutions. Due to the sparse nature of the reflectivity sequence, spike-promoting regularizers such as the $\ell_1$-norm are frequently used. They either require rigorous coefficient tuning or strong assumptions about reflectivity, such as assuming reflectivity as sparse signals with known sparsity levels and zero-mean Gaussian noise with known noise levels. To overcome the limitations of traditional regularizers, learning-based regularizers are proposed in the recent past. This paper proposes a Learned Proximal operator for Seismic Deconvolution (LP4SD), which leverages a neural network to learn the proximal operator of a regularizer. LP4SD is trained in a loop unrolled manner and is capable of learning complicated structures from the training data. It is worth mentioning that the network is trained with synthetic data and evaluated on both synthetic and real data. LP4SD is shown to generate better reconstruction results in terms of three different metrics as compared to learning a direct inverse.
Proximal-Gradient Algorithms for Tracking Cascades Over Social Networks (2014)

Many real-world processes evolve in cascades over complex networks, whose topologies are often unobservable and change over time. However, the so-termed adoption times when blogs mention popular news items, individuals in a community catch an infectious disease, or consumers adopt a trendy electronics product are typically known, and are implicitly dependent on the underlying network. To infer the network topology, a dynamic structural equation model is adopted to capture the relationship between observed adoption times and the unknown edge weights. Assuming a slowly time-varying topology and leveraging the sparse connectivity inherent to social networks, edge weights are estimated by minimizing a sparsity-regularized exponentially-weighted least-squares criterion. To this end, solvers with complementary strengths are developed by leveraging (pseudo) real-time sparsity-promoting proximal gradient iterations, the improved convergence rate of accelerated variants, or reduced computational complexity of stochastic gradient descent. Numerical tests with both synthetic and real data demonstrate the effectiveness of the novel algorithms in unveiling sparse dynamically-evolving topologies, while accounting for external influences in the adoption times. Key events in the political leadership in North Korea and the initial public offering of LinkedIn explain connectivity changes observed in the associated networks inferred from global cascades of online media.
Multiplexing Video on Broadcast Channels via Convex Programs (2007)

We propose a joint power- and rate-control scheme to broadcast a multiplicity of video sequences over a broadcast channel. The formulation is intended to be general in scope, without assumptions about specific coding or modulation schemes. However, we assume the broadcast channel undergoes quasi-static fading, with channel state information available at the transmitters and receivers. With a weighted sum of distortion terms as a metric, the scheme computes a jointly-optimal source-rate and transmit-power allocation under a power constraint. Besides minimizing distortion, the algorithm must also ensure that delay and buffer constraints are satisfied. Although the problem is not convex when formulated directly, it can be reformulated in convex form as a geometric program. We present numerical results via variable bit-rate (VBR) rate-control of H.264-coded video, optimized jointly with power-control of simple idealized broadcast transmitters.
Pharmacokinetics of Gentamicin in the Horse (1980)

The pharmacokinetics of gentamicin were studied in six healthy mature horses of mixed breeding and of both sexes. A parenteral preparation of gentamicin sulfate (5% aqueous solution) was administered rapidly (IV) at the dosage level of 5 mg/kg of body weight. Venous blood samples were taken at 0 (base line), 0.083, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours after gentamicin administration. Serum gentamicin was measured by a radioimmunoassay technique. The gentamicin concentration data was fitted to a one- and two-compartment open model with first-order elimination from the central compartment with the aid of nonlinear least squares program. The data were found to be best described by the two-compartment model with r2 = 0.997. Half-life, as determined from the terminal phase was 2.54 +/- 0.33 hours. Calculation of the total body clearance provided a mean of 1.16 +/- 0.11 ml/minute/kg of body weight (1.04 to 1.31 ml/minute/kg, range); the volume of distribution calculated from the area under the curve was determined separately for each animal and had a mean value of 0.254 +/- 0.036 L/kg. The initial exponential decline (alpha) in gentamicin serum concentration had an average value of 3.75 +/- 1.86 hours-1, whereas the terminal values were described by beta = 0.275 +/- 0.036 hours-1. Other pharmacokinetic values determined also are presented.
The influence of classical pathway components during alternative pathway--modulated immune complex aggregation: the role of C1 INH. (1984)

Alternative pathway (AP)-triggered reactions as well as classical pathway (CP)-mediated ones, were investigated turbidimetrically and/or immune electrophoretically, either in the presence or in the absence of in situ-generated immune complexes (ICs; tetanus toxoid/human anti-tetanus toxoid-IgG; ICs of equivalence) during the early stages of reaction. Monospecific Fab'- or Fab-fragments (rabbit) were used to block the complement function in normal human serum (NHS). C1q, functionally available following the addition of ethylene-glycol-bis-(beta-aminoethyl ether), N,N'-tetraacetic acid to NHS (EGTA-NHS), was found to increase the IC aggregation, thereby producing a biological surface upon which AP-dependent proteins were deposited. The functional inhibition of C1INH caused a C1s-mediated C3 conversion irrespective of the fact whether C1s was incorporated within macromolecular C1 (NHS) or dissociated from it (EGTA-NHS), thus, in the latter case inhibiting the AP-dependent portion of turbidity. It seemed probable that C3 conversion was effected by a fluid-phase CP C3 convertase. This process, normally counteracted by C1INH, worked more efficiently in EGTA-NHS than in NHS, indicating that the C1s-mediated reactions, initiated by presently unknown mechanisms, were less extensively regulated outside of the Ca2+-dependent C1 complex. The study demonstrates that in EGTA-NHS, too, where AP-triggered reactions have usually been investigated, sections of CP activation may play an important role, especially in situations where the function of C1INH is restricted.
Design and Demonstration of RSFQ Processor Datapath for High Performance Computing (2014)

Abstract : The main goal of the project is designing in RSFQ technology a 20-GHz 8-bit-wide energy efficient processor datapath consisting of an 8-bit ALU, an 8x8-bit Register File, and an Instruction Decoder. We have had several project modifications resulted in additional tasks, such as the development of energy-efficient zero-static-power dissipation SFQ technology, the development of energy-efficient interface based on a low input voltage polarization modulating VCSELs, and the development of superconducting ferromagnetic Random Access Memory