gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A multiprobe approach to monitoring therapy response in rheumatoid arthritis (2015)

ntroduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease leading to chronic synovial inflammation. Monitoring therapy response by molecular imaging may allow optimization of therapy regimens and/or improve therapeutic outcome. Etanercept is a soluble fusion protein consisting of human p75 TNF-α and the Fc portion of human IgG and is often given to RA patients if methotrexate is contra-indicated or withdrawn due to adverse events. Here, we focused on imaging three different targets that play a role in arthritis, namely fibroblast activation protein (FAP), macrophages, and integrin αvβ3, and on determining whether specific imaging of these targets could monitor response to etanercept in RA mice. Methods: Male DBA/1J mice with collagen-induced arthritis were treated with anti-TNFα therapy (etanercept 10 mg/kg, 3x/week, i.p.). SPECT/CT scans were acquired of treated and untreated mice at 1, 24 and 48 hours after injection of 111In-RGD2peptide (targeting integrin αvβ3; 1 ?g/mouse), 111In-anti-F4/80 antibody (targeting macrophages; 10 ?g/mouse), or 111In-28H1 antibody (anti-FAP; 50 ?g/mouse), respectively. Mice were dissected after the last scan to determine the biodistribution. Coinjection of an excess of RGD2with 111In-RGD2 or injection of 111In-labeled control antibodies (rat IgG2b or DP47GS) served as controls to determine nonspecific tracer uptake. Results: RA was imaged with 111In-28H1, 111In-anti-F4/80, and 111In-RGD2. Treatment with etanercept was successful as macroscopic scores of RA were lower in treated mice than in untreated mice (Figure 2). At day 6 after start of therapy, average RA scores were 3.99 ? 1.67 in untreated mice and 1.84 ? 1.08 in treated mice. Tracer uptake in joints correlated with RA score in biodistribution studies and quantitative SPECT; uptake decreased from 28?15%ID/g, 8?4%ID/g, 2?1%ID/g to 11?11%ID/g, 4?4%ID/g, 1?0%ID/g in treated and untreated mice for 111In-28H1, 111In-anti-F4/80, and 111In-RGD2, respectively (p&lt;0.001). Joint uptake of 111In-28H1, 111In-anti-F4/80, and 111In-RGD2 is antigen/receptor-mediated as when competing uptake of these tracers with either antibody controls or excess of peptide, joint:blood values decreased. RA-to-blood ratios (in mice with arthritis score 2) were higher for 111In-28H1 (6?1, lowest population), 111In-anti-F4/80 (10?4), and 111In-RGD2(7?1) than for control 111In-DP47GS (1?1), 111In-rat IgG2b (1?0), or coinjection of excess RGD2, (4?0). Conclusions: The three tracers can be used to specifically monitor the response to therapy in RA at the molecular level.
A sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of Streptococcus suis. (1993)

A double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the detection and the identification of Streptococcus suis capsular types 1, 2, 1/2, 3 and 22. The specificity of this test was first evaluated using reference strains of S. suis capsular types 1 to 28 and 1/2 as well as 15 different bacterial species susceptible to be isolated from swine. The ELISA developed was very specific for capsular types 1, 3 and 22 but it could not discriminate between capsular types 2 and 1/2. In a second study, S. suis isolates from 328, 493, 368 and 76 diseased pigs were used to detect capsular types 1, 2 or 1/2, 3 and 22 respectively. The relative specificity and sensitivity varied between 98% and 100%. The ELISA results were in excellent agreement with the standard techniques (biochemical tests, coagglutination and capsular reaction tests) in detecting both positive and negative strains. Kappa values were 0.80, 0.99, 0.97 and 1.00 for detecting S. suis capsular types 1, 2 or 1/2, 3, and 22 respectively. To evaluate the relative-sensitivity of the test, primary cultures from 73 diseased pigs and tissue samples from 67 diseased pigs were used directly for detecting these capsular types. With primary cultures, the relative specificity and sensitivity (95.9% and 91.6% respectively) remained high and the test was very suitable (Kappa = 0.87). The ELISA using tissue samples gave a good specificity (97.6%), a moderate sensitivity (62.5%) and a low agreement with standard tests (Kappa = 0.64).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Exploiting a parallel TEXT - DATA corpus (2003)

In this paper, we describe SUMTIME-METEO, a parallel corpus of naturally occurring weather forecast texts and their corresponding forecast data; data that the human authors inspected while writing the forecast texts. We have analysed the corpus to acquire knowledge needed to build a text generator for automatically producing textual weather forecasts from numerical weather prediction data. Although parallel corpora are commonly used for the development and evaluation of machine translation technology, it is fairly novel in the text generation community. Our analyses of the corpus, in some cases, produced ambiguous results that are not useful and reflected inconsistencies in the underlying corpus. Despite the internal inconsistencies, the text-data parallel corpus was helpful in generating initial hypotheses, which were then tested with knowledge from other sources. We also describe how we have used the corpus for evaluating our prototype forecast text generator. 1
A Single Amino Acid Substitution in the Novel H7N9 Influenza A Virus NS1 Protein Increases CPSF30 Binding and Virulence (2014)

Although an effective interferon antagonist in human and avian cells, the novel H7N9 influenza virus NS1 protein is defective at inhibiting CPSF30. An I106M substitution in H7N9 NS1 can restore CPSF30 binding together with the ability to block host gene expression. Furthermore, a recombinant virus expressing H7N9 NS1-I106M replicates to higher titers in vivo, and is subtly more virulent, than the parental virus. Natural polymorphisms in H7N9 NS1 that enhance CPSF30 binding may be cause for concern.
Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Hepatitis B Virus (2006)

Chronic hepatitis B is the most common cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Asia. Integration of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome is likely an early event of carcinogenesis. The integrated HBV genome may activate neighboring cellular genes directly to offer a selective growth advantage to the liver cells. Production of hepatitis B X protein can act as a transactivator on various cellular genes for tumor development. Hepatic inflammation and cirrhosis also favors the process of carcinogenesis. Various viral factors associated with hepatocellular carcinoma development include HBV genotype, basal core promoter mutations, and high viral load. Polymorphisms at the androgen receptor-regulating genes and cytokine genes are possible host factors associated with HCC. This review article summarizes the pathogenesis of HBV-related carcinogenesis and the viral and host factors that may increase the risk of HCC development.
Increasing Virulence in Leprosy Indicated by Global Mycobacterium spp. (2017)

To the Editor: In an investigation of a pneumonic plague outbreak in Madagascar, Ramasindrazana et al. reported isolation of Yersinia pestis from 2 patients and seroconversion in 2 additional patients; these data indicated 4 (28.7%) of 14 diagnosed cases among described cases (1). The risk for overestimation of pneumonic plague contagion was illustrated by an outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo that included cases of leptospirosis (2). In fact, thorough investigations in Uganda indicated that 2 index patients transmitted Y. pestis to only 1 caregiver each and none to 23 additional untreated close contacts ( Another investigation in China showed that 3 index patients exposed 214 contacts during 3-13 days; all contacts were quarantined, and no secondary cases were reported (4). Transmission of Y. pestis by respiratory droplets requires face-to-face exposure with a coughing patient, as can occur during funerals by close contact with coughing persons who may have been exposed to the pathogen while visiting or attending the patient before he or she died. Therefore, the threat for plague epidemics fueled by pneumonic plague can be reduced by measures such as isolating patients and wearing a mask when exposure is likely (5).
DMA testing of epoxy resins: The importance of dimensions (2015)

Dynamic mechanical analysis is commonly used to characterize thermoset polymers at temperatures ranging from well below to well above their glass transition temperatures. Many sample fixtures are available; however, the best clamp and best sample dimensions for a given material are not often readily apparent. Five different epoxy amine networks with glass transitions spanning over 100°C were characterized on three‐point bending, dual cantilever, and single cantilever clamps with both constant thickness and constant span‐to‐thickness. Glassy modulus values were accurately measured on all clamps provided span‐to‐thickness ratios &gt;10 were maintained. Thermal expansion and decreasing sample stiffness with increasing temperature greatly affect measurements in the rubbery region resulting in single cantilever clamps being best suited to measure rubbery data. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 55:2761–2774, 2015. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers
A three-element 1H-31P dual-tuned array for magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 4.7 T (2016)

This work describes the construction and testing of a three-element, double-tuned receive array and transmit coils for 31P-1H spectroscopy and imaging. The receive coils were geometrically-decoupled, single-loop surface coils and the transmit coils were concentric saddle coils. The coils were used to examine a physiologically-modeled CNC-milled phantom. The receive coil array was able to improve SNR while also providing gross localization of the 1H and 31P signals.
Tuneable mechanical properties in low molecular weight gels (2011)

The mechanical properties of gels are critical to the final targeted applications. Depending on the application, different properties may be required. Here, we show that the mechanical strength and ability to recover of gels formed using a low molecular weight gelator can be controlled by two independent factors (i) the volume fraction of co-solvent (in this case DMSO) in the system and (ii) the temperature cycle used. These differences correlate with the large scale structure of the network that is formed from the self-assembled fibres. This opens up the potential to prepare gels with very different properties at the same final conditions, allowing the effect of microstructure to be probed.
Novel Differential Protection Technique for Doubly Fed Induction Machines (2019)

Doubly fed induction machines (DFIMs) typically work as a generator in wind turbine systems and as motor/generator in pumped-storage hydropower plants. Nowadays, they have an important role in the integration of renewable energies in power systems. This paper presents a new technique for differential protection of DFIMs, including the rotor. The proposed protection, which is based on the comparison of the vector components Id-Iq of the rotor and stator currents, can protect the whole induction machine during the internal faults. This protection considers the dynamic variation of the rotor frequency and the extremely low rotor frequency along the different operation points of the DFIM. The proposed method is validated using simulations on a 2-MW DFIM and the experimental results are obtained in a laboratory setup. The results show that the proposed differential protection effectively protects the entire induction machine during internal faults and does not trip in case of external faults.
Shoulder Joint Stiffness in a Functional Posture at Various Levels of Muscle Activation (2021)

We have presented a method to characterize the mechanical properties of the shoulder complex during various activation states, which has application as a diagnostic and assessment tool for shoulder pathology.
Regulation of Pituitary Glycoproteinα-Subunit Secretion after Administration of a Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone Antagonist in Normal Men* (1990)

Pituitary glycoprotein hormones are composed of two different subunits, the alpha- and beta-subunits. The alpha-subunit is common to all FSH, LH, and TSH, while the beta-subunit is specific for each of these hormones. We studied the effects of a potent LHRH antagonist on alpha-subunit and LH secretion in normal men. The LHRH antagonist Nal-Glu, ([Ac-D2Nal1,D4ClPhe2,D3Pal3,Arg5,DGlu6(AA) ,Ala10]LHRH), was given (10 mg daily) as one injection of 5 mg every 12 h. Blood samples were drawn every 24 h, and on days 1 and 7 a day curve was established by drawing hourly blood samples for 26 h. Mean serum alpha-subunit levels decreased progressively (P less than 0.001) from 2.9 +/- 0.49 micrograms/L at baseline to a nadir of 1.4 +/- 0.27 micrograms/L on day 8. In contrast, mean immunoreactive LH (IR-LH) levels decreased rapidly from 3.2 +/- 0.6 U/L at baseline to 0.9 +/- 0.08 U/L on day 2 and remained suppressed (P less than 0.001) throughout the treatment period. On day 1 after the administration of Nal-Glu mean alpha-subunit levels decreased, although not significantly (P = 0.054), from 3.0 +/- 0.6 micrograms/L at baseline to a nadir of 2.0 +/- 0.3 micrograms/L at 17 h. alpha-Subunit remained at this level for the remainder of day 1. On day 7, however, the baseline serum alpha-subunit level was 1.5 +/- 0.3 micrograms/L, significantly suppressed (P less than 0.01) compared to the level on day 1, and no further decrease was seen after administration of Nal-Glu. IR-LH on day 1 before the first injection of 5 mg Nal-Glu was 3.5 +/- 0.8 U/L. Then, IR-LH levels decreased significantly (P less than 0.001) to a nadir of 0.9 +/- 0.1 U/L and remained at this level throughout day 1. IR-LH levels on day 7 were at or below 1.0 U/L throughout the sampling period. These results indicate that alpha-subunit secretion can be partially suppressed after chronic administration of a LHRH antagonist. Furthermore, LH serum levels dissociate from those of pituitary glycoprotein alpha-subunit after administration of LHRH antagonist analogs.
Polynomial chaos‐based macromodeling of multiport systems using an input–output approach (2014)

Summary An innovative technique to build stochastic frequency‐domain macromodels of generic linear multiport systems is presented. The proposed method calculates a macromodel of the system transfer function including its statistical properties, making it tailored for variability analysis. The combination of the modeling power of the Vector Fitting algorithm with the Polynomial Chaos expansion applied at an input–output level allows to accurately and efficiently describe the system variability features. Thanks to its versatility and automated order selection, the proposed technique is suitable to be applied to a large range of complex modern electrical systems (e.g., filters and interconnections) and can tackle the case of correlated random variables. The performance in terms of accuracy and computational efficiency of the proposed method is compared with respect to the standard Monte Carlo analysis for two pertinent numerical examples. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
A method of analyzing zone-plate interferograms using a nematic liquid-crystal cell (1997)

A nematic liquid-crystal cell is used to analyze zone-plate interferograms. The liquid-crystal cell is located in front of the vertex of the mirror under test. The cell is vibrated in the direction perpendicular to the optical axis by a vibrator in order to eliminate noise in the interferograms. One problem is variation in the properties of the cell. Therefore the following method is used: A function generator supplies a saw-tooth signal with a carrier frequency to the liquid-crystal cell. The phase of the reference light transmitted through the cell varies according to the change in the voltage of the signal. The intensity of a zone-plate interferogram varies according to the phase difference between the reference light and the test light. Four interferograms with different phases are recorded by a charge coupled device camera, and are fed into a computer one at a time. Distribution of the phase differences caused by the error in the shape of the mirror under test is obtained by analyzing the four interferograms. Errors in the shape of two spherical concave mirrors were measured by phase shifting interferometry using a nematic liquid-crystal cell.
Surface Wrinkles for Smart Adhesion (2008)

A novel and highly scalable approach to generating a reusable, “smart” polymer adhesive based on surface wrinkling is presented. The wrinkling approach to patterning the polymer film is based on a combination of swelling and lateral confinement. The control of adhesion, or “smart” adhesion utilizes the mechanism of contact line splitting. This enhancement is controlled by the wrinkle wavelength, which is tuned by the degree of lateral confinement.
Synergistic Effect of Processing Additives and Optical Spacers in Bulk‐Heterojunction Solar Cells (2012)

Processing a bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) solar cell with a narrow-bandgap polymer (P1) and a fullerene (PC71BM) results in a smooth surface morphology, and better performance is observed when a 1-chloronaphthalene solvent additive is used. The smooth surface enables the introduction of a titanium suboxide (TiOx) optical spacer between the BHJ layer and the electrode, which increases light absorption by redistributing the light intensity. TiOx incorporation leads to increases in the power conversion efficiency and device lifetime. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Matrix factorization for design of Q-filter in iterative learning control (2015)

Iterative learning control (ILC) has been extensively used in systems that repeatedly follow the same desired trajectory. The key idea is to incorporate the tracking errors from previous iterations to generate a better feedforward signal for the next iteration. A drawback of ILC is that all disturbances are assumed to be repetitive, while in practice non-repetitive disturbances may also affect the system behaviors. To address this problem, many efforts have been made on designing Q-filters to filter out the non-repetitive effects from the error signal. This paper presents a nonparametric Q-filter design procedure which does not require any explicit specification of the properties of non-repetitive disturbances. Namely, we perform matrix factorization on a set of error signals in the time-frequency domain to construct a non-repetitive error dictionary. The learned dictionary is then used to encode the error signal in each ILC iteration. This in turn results in a low-rank matrix and a sparse matrix that, respectively, describe the undesired non-repetitive effects and the desired repetitive effects. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated on a laboratory testbed wafer scanner.
Fluorinated polymers: liquid crystalline properties and applications in lithography (2004)

Fluorinated polymers form an interesting class of materials with a wealth of unique properties including self-assembly, remarkably low surface energies, low absorbance to 157 nm UV light, and solubility in supercritical carbon dioxide. As a result many fluorinated polymers are of use in advanced technology applications. We review some of our work on the synthesis and characterization of block copolymers with fluorinated side chains, with special emphasis on surfaces formed using these polymers. The use of fluorinated polymers as photoresists for 157 nm lithography, with the possibility for processing in environmentally friendly supercritical carbon dioxide is also discussed.
Are corporations people too? The neural correlates of moral judgments about companies and individuals (2014)

To investigate whether the legal concept of "corporate personhood" mirrors an inherent similarity in the neural processing of the actions of corporations and people, we measured brain responses to vignettes about corporations and people while participants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging. We found that anti-social actions of corporations elicited more intense negative emotions and that pro-social actions of people elicited more intense positive emotions. However, the networks underlying the moral decisions about corporations and people are strikingly similar, including regions of the canonical theory of mind network. In analyzing the activity in these networks, we found differences in the emotional processing of these two types of vignettes: neutral actions of corporations showed neural correlates that more closely resembled negative actions than positive actions. Collectively, these findings indicate that our brains understand and analyze the actions of corporations and people very similarly, with a small emotional bias against corporations.
Subspace superdirective beamformers based on joint diagonalization (2016)

Although they have been intensively studied and used in many applications due to their high directivity factor (DF), superdirective beamformers are sensitive to sensor noise and mismatch between sensors. This paper studies the problem of superdirective beamforming combined with the joint diagonalization method. We develop a subspace superdirective beamforming approach, which can achieve a good compromise between a high DF and white noise amplification. Simulations are performed to justify our theoretical analysis and demonstrate the good properties of this subspace superdirective beamforming approach.
Silver screen printed transmission lines- analyzing the influence of substrate roughness on the RF performance up to 30 GHz (2014)

In this paper, the authors investigate the influence of DC conductivity on the RF performance of screen printed traces on a flexible substrate. From literature, much work has been done on the effect of sintering conditions on the electrical resistivity of printed traces. Typically the traces were printed onto substrates with negligible surface roughness. Yet this would not be the case for printing on textiles for wearable electronics applications. In this paper, we investigate the electrical resistivity of screen printed traces on a substrate which is similar to fabrics, in that it is flexible and has non-negligible surface roughness (Ra∼1μm). In particular, an accurate simulation model was developed to correlate with the measurement results, which would provide guidelines for the modelling of similar printed traces to predict their RF performances.
Development of pro-apoptotic peptides as potential therapy for peritoneal endometriosis (2014)

Endometriosis is a common gynaecological disease associated with pelvic pain and infertility. Current treatments include oral contraceptives combined with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or surgery to remove lesions, all of which provide a temporary but not complete cure. Here we identify an endometriosis-targeting peptide that is internalized by cells, designated z13, using phage display. As most endometriosis occurs on organ surfaces facing the peritoneum, we subtracted a phage display library with female mouse peritoneum tissue and selected phage clones by binding to human endometrial epithelial cells. Proteomics analysis revealed the z13 receptor as the cyclic nucleotide-gated channel β3, a sorting pathway protein. We then linked z13 with an apoptosis-inducing peptide and with an endosome-escaping peptide. When these peptides were co-administered into the peritoneum of baboons with endometriosis, cells in lesions selectively underwent apoptosis with no effect on neighbouring organs. Thus, this study presents a strategy that could be useful to treat peritoneal endometriosis in humans.