gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Integrated Visualization Highlighting Retinal Changes in Retinopathy of Prematurity From 3-Dimensional Optical Coherence Tomography Data (2022)

In 2 preterm infants in BabySTEPS, 3-D visualization of OCT findings during the ongoing ROP disease process demonstrated supplemental information about the retinal vasculature and microanatomy that can be useful to clinicians. These additional details provided by OCT could be integrated into future ROP screening methods with artificial intelligence-based analytics.
Assessing the In Vivo Effectiveness of Cationic Lipid Nanoparticles with a Triple Adjuvant for Intranasal Vaccination against the Respiratory Pathogen Bordetella pertussis (2022)

Continuous outbreaks of pertussis around the world suggest inadequate immune protection in infants and weakened immune responses induced over time by the acellular pertussis vaccine. Vaccine adjuvants provide a means to improve vaccine immunogenicity and support long-term adaptive immunity against pertussis. An acellular pertussis vaccine was prepared with pertactin, pertussis toxin, and fimbriae 2/3 antigens combined with a triple-adjuvant system consisting of innate defense regulator peptide IDR 1002, a Toll-like receptor-3 agonist poly(I:C), and a polyphosphazene in a fixed combination. The vaccine was delivered intranasally in a cationic lipid nanoparticle formulation fabricated by simple admixture and two schema for addition of antigens (LT-A, antigens associated outside of L-TriAdj, and LAT, antigens associated inside of L-TriAdj) to optimize particle size and cationic surface charge. In the former, antigens were associated with the lipidic formulation of the triple adjuvant by electrostatic attraction. In the latter, the antigens resided in the interior of the lipid nanoparticle. Two dose levels of antigens were used with adjuvant comprised of the triple adjuvant with or without the lipid nanoparticle carrier. Formulation of vaccines with the triple adjuvant stimulated systemic and mucosal immune responses. The lipid nanoparticle vaccines favored a Th1 type of response with higher IgG2a and IgA serum antibody titers particularly for pertussis toxin and pertactin formulated at the 5 μg dose level in the admixed formulation. Additionally, the lipid nanoparticle vaccines resulted in high nasal SIgA antibodies and an early (4 weeks post vaccination) response after a single vaccination dose. The LT-A nanoparticles trended toward higher titers of serum antibodies compared to LAT. The cationic lipid-based vaccine nanoparticles formulated with a triple adjuvant showed encouraging results as a potential formulation for intranasally administered pertussis vaccines.
High Strength and High Uniform Ductility in a Severely Deformed Iron Alloy by Lattice Softening and Multimodal-structure Formation (2015)

Despite high strength of nanostructured alloys, they usually exhibit poor uniform ductility. For many applications, it is an important issue to design new nanostructured alloys which have both high strength and high uniform ductility. In this study, an Fe–Ni–Al–C alloy with ultrahigh tensile strength of 1.9–2.2 GPa and high uniform ductility of 16–19% was developed by concurrent employment of several strategies: (i) appropriate choice of chemical compositions for lattice softening, (ii) severe plastic deformation using the high-pressure torsion method for grain refinement, and (iii) control of strain level for multimodal-structure formation composed of equiaxed nanograins, lamellar coarse grains and fine precipitates.
Dynamic scatterometry for profile control during resist trimming process (2009)

During the micro and nanofabrication processes more particularly for lithography or plasma etching, the CD (Critical Dimension) metrology is a key point to guarantee and secure the performance of the fabricated devices. In-line process control requires real-time, non-destructive and non-invasive monitoring techniques. The conventional CD metrology techniques such as AFM (Atomic Force Microscopy) and CD-SEM (Secondary Electron Emission based technique) are not well suited for real time monitoring. Optical measurements are among the few solutions able to meet the requirements for in line monitoring. Scatterometry belongs to the optical strategies, it uses the analysis of the signature of the light scattered by a periodic structure to infer the shape of a feature (for example using spectroscopic ellipsometry). In our laboratory, we have developed specific software and hardware tools to perform dynamic scatterometry, using in situ spectroscopic multi-wavelength ellipsometer. The paper present the results of the application of dynamic scatterometry for the monitoring of two different resist trimming processes HBr/O2 and Ar/O2 plasma. A Jobin-Yvon ellipsometer, capable of real time acquisition of sixteen wavelengths, is plugged onto chamber of a Decoupled Plasma Source (DPS) from Applied Materials. The measurements are made in real time.For validation purposes, the same process has been interrupted at several different times and the trimmed feature profiles have been measured using a 3D AFM from Veeco Instruments. Figure 3 how that the dynamic scatterometry provides reliable results and shows a great potential as a real time monitoring technique for etch process control. It can see that the dynamic scatterometry profile matches well the AFM data, both for CD and heightIn this article, first we show that the dynamic scatterometry can be used for real time process monitoring during resist trimming process for different process parameters such as chemistries and power bias, then we discuss the influence of these different parameters on the measurement, more results at different experimental conditions, will be represented, with a comparison between dynamics scatterometry profile shape (CD, height) and 3D AFM measurements made in the same condition.
Lack of JunD Promotes Pressure Overload–Induced Apoptosis, Hypertrophic Growth, and Angiogenesis in the Heart (2005)

Thus, JunD limits cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and protects the pressure-overloaded heart from cardiac apoptosis. These beneficial effects of JunD, however, are associated with antiangiogenic properties.
Dimethylsulfoniopropionate in a salt marsh estuary: correlation to tidal cycle and phytoplankton assemblage composition (2005)

Salt marsh estuaries emit high levels of dimethylsulfide (DMS), yet little is known about the contribution of tidal creeks, which are rich in phytoplankton that can potentially produce dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP). Quantitative data is presented on the relationship between phytoplankton assemblage structure during tidal cycles in North Inlet, a high-salinity salt marsh estuary near Georgetown, South Carolina. While there was little or no correlation between chlorophyll a (chl a) and phytoplankton DMSP (DMSPp) in tidal-creek waters, the DMSPp:chl a ratio showed a strong correlation with tidal stage, being highest at high slack tide and lowest at low slack tide. Phytoplankton assemblage structure determined from HPLC pigment profiles and CHEMTAX analysis (a matrix factorization program to derive taxonomic composition from photopigment ratios) showed that DMSP-rich taxa were highly correlated with the high DMSP:chl a values which occurred at high tide. These were haptophytes, dinoflagellates, cyanobacteria and cryptophytes. Diatoms had a lower correlation coefficient but, because they represented almost 40% of the algal biomass during the tidal cycle, this group could be a significant contributor of DMSPp at high tide. Chlorophytes, prasinophytes, and some chrysophytes showed a strong negative correlation coefficient (r) with the DMSPp:chl a peak. We conclude that the increase in the DMSPp:chl a ratio at high tide is due to an increased contribution of DMSP-rich phytoplankton taxa that enter the creeks from coastal waters during flood tide, and low values resulted from low DMSP-containing resuspended benthic microalgae, advected from the adjacent salt marsh into the tidal creeks during ebb tide. The data indicate a strong tidal effect on DMSP concentration that is a function of change in phytoplankton assemblage structure.
Reperfusion Phenomenon Masking Acute and Subacute Infarcts at Dynamic Perfusion CT: Confirmation by Fusion of CT and Diffusion-Weighted MR Images (2009)

Visual inspection of cerebral blood volume and cerebral blood flow maps alone is insufficient in the evaluation of infarcts. Mean transit time, time to peak, and delay maps also should be reviewed with dynamic source images to prevent misinterpretation of findings as false-negative. This phenomenon is unlikely to occur hyperacutely (< 8 hours after onset).
Abstract 5524: 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine, a DNA demethylating agent, inhibits metastatic melanoma invasiveness (2014)

Abstract Metastatic melanomas are the deadliest form of skin cancer and are very aggressive tumors showing highly invasive properties and a rapid chemoresistance to standard treatment (Dacarbazine) and to specific BRAF-V600E kinase inhibitors (Vemurafenib). Thus, targeting these tumors remains a major concern for novel therapeutic proposals. Abnormal patterns of DNA methylation, an epigenetic modification that cells use to control gene expression, have been described in these tumors. These epigenetic modifications participate in melanoma formation and maintenance. The aim of our project is to characterize the DNA methylation changes that occur in the most aggressive form of melanoma and to reverse these changes by using clinically active DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine, 5-aza-dC). To date a limited number of datasets have been published depicting the effects of inhibitors of DNA methylation on invasive capacities of metastatic melanoma cells. The work presented here, focuses on the study of the effects of DNA methylation inhibition on metastatic melanoma invasiveness. We have set up an original method to quantify DNA methylation by FACS and shown that non cytotoxic nanomolar 5-aza-dC concentrations were able to demethylate DNA of WM-266-4 metastatic melanoma cells. Then using an in vitro 3D spheroids cell invasion assay and fluorescent microscopy to measure invasion capacities of metastatic cell lines, we showed that 5-aza-dC was able to inhibit invasion of WM-266-4 cells at these non-cytotoxic demethylating concentrations. Citation Format: Chantal Etiévant, Cécile Desjobert, Arnaud Carrier, Audrey Delmas, Jorg Tost, Gilles Favre, Joelle Riond, Paola Arimondo. 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine, a DNA demethylating agent, inhibits metastatic melanoma invasiveness. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5524. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5524
Electromechanical linear actuators for Fourier transform spectrometers: a concept for extended range, high-resolution, solid-state actuators (1996)

A piezoelectric effect device is reported that provides highly controllable, extended linear motion in an easily usable package. Recent advances in materials, materials processing, and piezoelectric mechanics have been synthesized to demonstrate an all-solid-state electromechanical actuator for Fourier transform spectrometer mirror position control. This actuator is inherently linear and is therefore a major improvement in efficiency, size, and mass over motors and lead screws, which require conversion from rotary to linear actuation. Velocity control of 1% has been demonstrated over a range of 0.5 cm at a velocity of 1 cm/s. Scaling to a range of 4 cm and a velocity of 4 cm/s is discussed and currently appears feasible.
On the Safety of the Li[sub 4]Ti[sub 5]O[sub 12]∕LiMn[sub 2]O[sub 4] Lithium-Ion Battery System (2007)

The aim of this work is to investigate the inherent safety characteristics of the cell chemistry in a real battery. For this purpose, the reactivity of the anode material with the electrolyte was first studied upon its electrochemical lithiation in a Li-metal half-cell. Results obtained by differential scanning calorimetry show that the total heat associated with this reaction increased when the lithium amount inserted in increased, with no noticeable change in the onset temperature . It was also found that the total heat of the fully lithiated was much smaller compared to that of the fully lithiated graphite , the latter having a lower onset temperature . The thermal and structural stability of and phases was investigated after the chemical lithiation of with butylithium and the chemical delithiation of with nitronium tetrafluoroborate. Data from thermal gravimetric analysis show that the cathode released less than oxygen below , while the anode gained at the same temperature. The accelerated rate calorimetry test performed on 18650-cells containing chemistry showed no thermal runaway, explosion, or fire. These results clearly demonstrate that the battery could be one of the safest Li-ion battery systems.
Conformer-Kernel with Query Term Independence at TREC 2020 Deep Learning Track (2020)

We benchmark Conformer-Kernel models under the strict blind evaluation setting of the TREC 2020 Deep Learning track. In particular, we study the impact of incorporating: (i) Explicit term matching to complement matching based on learned representations (i.e., the "Duet principle"), (ii) query term independence (i.e., the "QTI assumption") to scale the model to the full retrieval setting, and (iii) the ORCAS click data as an additional document description field. We find evidence which supports that all three aforementioned strategies can lead to improved retrieval quality.
The Internet Edge: Social, Technical, and Legal Challenges for a Networked World (1999)

Sometimes when we face change, we feel conflicting forces driving us forward and pulling us back. This place of tension and confusion can be called an "edge." The "Internet edge" is our collective struggle to change as the world becomes more connected. Turmoil at the Internet edge occurs around interacting social, legal, and technological realms. Examples include issues of online privacy, censorship, digital copyright, and untaxed business competition over the Net. Such issues reflect conflicts between values -- local and global, individual and corporate, democratic and nondemocratic. This book is an eagle's eye view of the Internet edge. It is about the experiences of those who encountered similar issues as they built precursors to the Net such as videotext, teletext, and the Source. It is about the trends in technology that will make the Net of the next few years a very different experience from the desktop surfing of today. Finally, it is about how old myths of magic, power, and control can help us to understand our fascination with and fear of new technologies.
A variational principle for computing nonequilibrium fluxes and potentials in genome-scale biochemical networks (2011)

We derive a convex optimization problem on a steady-state nonequilibrium network of biochemical reactions, with the property that energy conservation and the second law of thermodynamics both hold at the problem solution. This suggests a new variational principle for biochemical networks that can be implemented in a computationally tractable manner. We derive the Lagrange dual of the optimization problem and use strong duality to demonstrate that a biochemical analogue of Tellegen's theorem holds at optimality. Each optimal flux is dependent on a free parameter that we relate to an elementary kinetic parameter when mass action kinetics is assumed.
The Effect of Various Sliding Conditions on Bearing Surface's Porosity of Bronze-based Oil-impregnated Sintered Bearings. (2002)

The remaining porosity of a bearing's frictional surface was evaluated after run-in of the bronze-based oilimpregnated sintered bearings. The linear relation was evaluated as a result of the Sommerfeld number and the bearing surface's porosity, the results confirmed the bearing surface's porosity after run-in, using the Sommerfeld number. When the Sommerfeld number was more than 0.45, the bearing surface's porosity was more than 15%. When the Sommerfeld number was between 0.01 and 0.45, the bearing surface's porosity was between 2 and 15%. And, when the Sommerfeld number was less than 0.01, the bearing surface's porosity was less than 2%. A detailed observation of the frictional surface showed that several pores were filled with sludge, when severe wear occurred the Sommerfeld number was less than 0.01. In the case of an enclosed outside diameter and the case of an opened outside diameter, both showed almost the same results.
Very low threshold 780nm AlGaAs SDH lasers on p -type GaAs substrate fabricated using single-step MOCVD (1992)

A separated-double-heterostructure (SDH) laser on a p-type substrate with a pnp current blocking layer was fabricated using single-step MOCVD. A threshold current of 4.5 mA was obtained at room temperature under CW operation, and the linearity of the light output power/current curve was improved in comparison with that of an SDH laser on an n-type GaAs substrate.
Self‐Anti‐Stacking 2D Metal Phosphide Loop‐Sheet Heterostructures by Edge‐Topological Regulation for Highly Efficient Water Oxidation (2021)

2D metal phosphide loop-sheet heterostructures are controllably synthesized by edge-topological regulation, where Ni<sub>2</sub> P nanosheets are edge-confined by the N-doped carbon loop, containing ultrafine NiFeP nanocrystals (denoted as NiFeP@NC/Ni<sub>2</sub> P). This loop-sheet feature with lifted-edges prevents the stacking of nanosheets and induces accessible open channels for catalytic site exposure and gas bubble release. Importantly, these NiFeP@NC/Ni<sub>2</sub> P hybrids exhibit a remarkable oxygen evolution activity with an overpotential of 223 mV at 20 mA cm<sup>-2</sup> and a Tafel slope of 46.1 mV dec<sup>-1</sup> , constituting the record-high performance among reported metal phosphide electrocatalysts. The NiFeP@NC/Ni<sub>2</sub> P hybrids are also employed as both anode and cathode to achieve an alkaline electrolyzer for overall water splitting, delivering a current density of 10 mA cm<sup>-2</sup> with a voltage of 1.57 V, comparable to that of the commercial Pt/C||RuO<sub>2</sub> couple (1.56 V). Moreover, a photovoltaic-electrolysis coupling system can as well be effectively established for robust overall water splitting. Evidently, this ingenious protocol would expand the toolbox for designing efficient 2D nanomaterials for practical applications.
Diversity and Clonality of T Cell Receptor Repertoire and Antigen Specificities in Small Joints of Early Rheumatoid Arthritis (2022)

Minimally invasive biopsies of the RA synovium allow for single-cell TCR sequencing and phenotyping. Clonally expanded, viral-reactive T cells account for part of the diverse CD4+ T cell repertoire. TRBV20-1 bias in ACPA+ patients suggests recognition of common antigens.
Combining TNFR2-Expressing Tregs and IL-6 as Superior Diagnostic Biomarkers for High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer Masses (2023)

We hypothesised that the inclusion of immunosuppressive and inflammatory biomarkers in HGSOC patients would improve the sensitivity and specificity of the preoperative marker prediction of malignancy in patients with ovarian masses. We tested a panel of 29 soluble immune factors by multiplex bead immunoassay and 16 phenotypic T cell markers by flow cytometry in pre-treatment blood samples from 66 patients undergoing surgery for suspected ovarian cancer or ovarian cancer risk reduction. The potential diagnostic utility of all parameters was explored using Volcano plots, principal component analysis (PCA) and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis. We also assessed the effect of culturing PBMCs from 20 healthy donors in the presence of malignant ascites fluid. The combination of TNFR2<sup>+</sup> Tregs and IL-6 in the pre-treatment blood of patients with advanced HGSOC effectively discriminated patients with benign or malignant ovarian masses. <i>In vitro</i> culturing of the PBMCs of healthy donors in malignant ascites promoted an increase in TNFR2-expressing Tregs, which were decreased following blockade with IL-6 or STAT3 activity. Pre-treatment serum IL-6 and peripheral blood TNFR2<sup>+</sup> Tregs may be potential clinical biomarkers that can discriminate patients with malignant compared to benign ovarian cancer masses, and the relationship between IL-6 and TNFR2<sup>+</sup> Treg is likely to be mediated via the STAT3 signalling pathway.
Speckle-initialized dynamic segmentation of the prostate (2009)

Echography is a commonly used modality for prostate imaging. Prostate segmentation is the first step in analyzing echographic prostate images. Because of the nature of these images, traditional local image processing operators are inadequate for finding the prostate boundary. Most automated segmentations described in literature require user interaction for contour initializing or editing. Also shape templates are applied as prior knowledge. In this paper, an automatic segmentation method is presented, based on prostate specific image granulation and image intensity. First, a granulation detector is used to extract granulation. Subsequently, the Hessian is adopted to evaluate granulation shape and intensity for the extraction of the prostate-specific dot pattern. This dot pattern is used to construct the contour initialization. A smooth contour model (discrete dynamic contour; DDC) is evolved from this initialization to the final contour. The guiding vector field for the DDC deformation is the gradient vector flow field calculated from an edge map of the original image. The scale of the relevant edges (large compared to granulation) is estimated from the prostate-specific dot pattern. Comparison of automated segmentations with clinical expert manual segmentations reveals a mean sensitivity and accuracy of 0.90 and 0.93, respectively.
Categorization of Program Regions for Agile Compilation using Machine\n Learning and Hardware Support (2019)

A compiler processes the code written in a high level language and produces\nmachine executable code. The compiler writers often face the challenge of\nkeeping the compilation times reasonable. That is because aggressive\noptimization passes which potentially will give rise to high performance are\noften expensive in terms of running time and memory footprint. Consequently the\ncompiler designers arrive at a compromise where they either simplify the\noptimization algorithm which may decrease the performance of the produced code,\nor they will restrict the optimization to the subset of the overall input\nprogram in which case large parts of the input application will go\nun-optimized.\n The problem we address in this paper is that of keeping the compilation times\nreasonable, and at the same time optimizing the input program to the fullest\nextent possible. Consequently, the performance of the produced code will match\nthe performance when all the aggressive optimization passes are applied over\nthe entire input program.\n
Dependability assessment of virtualized networks (2012)

One of the key characteristics of virtual networks (VN) is their intrinsic dynamical aspects. VNs allow network operators to have on-demand negotiation of a variety of services. Risks are inherent to virtualized infrastructures since the underlying physical network components are failure-prone. Therefore evaluation and analysis of risks in VNs, from assessment of dependability attributes, are of paramount importance for accurate management and control tasks. This paper proposes and evaluates a method to assess dependability in virtualized network environments. Through the use of Reliability Block Diagram (RBD) and Stochastic Petri Nets (SPN), we provide a first look at risks in network virtualization by means of dependability modeling and analysis. Our methodology allows the networking research community to develop new heuristics when dealing with resource allocation in VNs, while taking into account dependability attributes.