gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Organic thin film transistors (2020)

Abstract This chapter lays the foundations of operation of both unipolar and ambipolar organic thin film transistors (OTFTs). Thin film transistors are used in display back planes, digital circuits, memory addressing elements, and photodetection. The discussion describes basic transistor principles and the limitations to their performance. Transistor noise and circuit noise margin, cutoff frequency, transconductance, and gain are discussed. Several different lateral architectures including top and bottom gate, and split gate configurations, as well as vertical transistors are described. High performance OTFT materials and channel morphologies and how they are achieved along with contact patterning are discussed. Phototransistors are introduced, and their characteristics are compared with other photodetectors discussed in Chapter 7. Transistor stability and its implication for circuit performance are detailed. Finally, several circuit applications with particular focus on chemical and medical sensing, and communications are described.
Role of P‐selectin expression in hepatic ischemia and reperfusion injury (1999)

P-selectin has a bimodal expression following hepatic I/R injury. The first peak is attributed to the Weibel-Palade bodies and the second to new translational P-selectin. We noted no difference in the up-regulation of P-selectin in the ischemic and non-ischemic liver lobes in the same animal.
Safe Passage for Passwords and Other Sensitive Data. (2009)

The prevalence of malware such as keyloggers and screen scrapers has made the prospect of providing sensitive information via web pages disconcerting for security-conscious users. We present Bumpy, a system to exclude the legacy operating system and applications from the trusted computing base for sensitive input, without requiring a hypervisor or VMM. Bumpy allows the user to specify strings of input as sensitive when she enters them, and ensures that these inputs reach the desired endpoint in a protected state. The inputs are processed in an isolated code module on the user’s system, where they can be encrypted or otherwise processed for a remote webserver. We present a prototype implementation of Bumpy.
Assessing the Frozen State of Soils Using iFrost: An Electromagnetic Induction Sensor on a UAS Platform (2019)

Effective and efficient mapping of permafrost subsurface composition at scales relevant to the design and maintenance of horizontal and vertical infrastructure has been a long-standing challenge. Of utmost utility would be the development of standoff measurement techniques that could discern at the meter to submeter spatial scale and up to 10 m into the subsurface the presence or absence of ice features. Ground-based geophysical measurement techniques, including ground penetrating radar, borehole logging, and electrical resistivity, have been used to interrogate the subsurface in permafrost terrains at the meter to kilometers scales. Airborne measurement techniques have broad applicability at the larger, kilometers to tens of kilometers scale and could support linear infrastructure development and terrain mapping. However, there is a broad need for cost effective airborne geophysical techniques to obtain high-resolution measurements of specific areas of interest. We present a frequency domain electromagnetic induction sensor weighing less than 10 pounds mounted on an unmanned aerial system capable of assessing the frozen state of soil to 10 m depth. We consider system design and motor interference as well as present a 3D model capable of identifying discrete ice inclusions on the order of 1 m in size.
The evaluation of an inorganic-organic poly(carborane-siloxane-arylacetylene) hybrid resin system (2022)

The realization of aerospace vehicle technologies demanding extreme service conditions is facilitated by the development of materials with greater oxidative stability at high temperatures. Thermal performance of polymer composites can be increased by incorporating a hybrid (organic-inorganic) resin as a thermal barrier coating. One such resin system, meta-poly (carborane-siloxane-arylacetylene) ( m-PCSAA), developed by the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, shows potential for such application and is further investigated in this work. The resin has a low viscosity (0.1 Pa s) with large processing window (2.5 h) from 100°C to 230°C. These processing characteristics are advantageous for infusion processes or the inclusion of fillers for coating applications. Curing was accomplished in two stages, corresponding to two exothermic reactions. After the first curing stage, the resin exhibits elastomeric behavior, and after the second curing stage is rigid with a high glass transition temperature (∼330°C). The materials exhibited high char yields (89%) in air at 1000°C and may be useful in space or for attritable technology. No cracks were observed during long-term service at 288°C, but significant degradation and cracking were observed after aging at 316°C. The materials exhibited high coefficients of thermal expansion; 186.9 and 168.6 μm/(m∙°C) after first and second curing stage respectively. Similar to epoxies and polyimides, the resin acquired up to 3% moisture at 70°C and 85% relative humidity.
3.6 W/mm high power density W-band InAlGaN/GaN HEMT MMIC power amplifier (2016)

We demonstrated a W-band high-power-density MMIC power amplifier with 80 nm InAlGaN/GaN HEMTs. The MMIC consists of two-stage cascade units, each of which has two transistors with the same gate periphery for a high gain and low-loss matching circuit. The MMIC achieved a maximum output power of 1.15 W and maximum PAE of 12.3 % at 86 GHz under CW operation. Its power density reached 3.6 W/mm, representing the highest performance of the W-band GaN HEMT MMIC power amplifier.
Considerations for a Femur Injury Criterion (1977)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A femur fracture injury criterion is presented that assesses the dependence of the permissible human knee load on the duration of the primary force exposure. Currently a constant allowable femur load limit of 7.6 kN (1700 lb) is specified in FMVSS 208, but recently the Federal Government proposed elevating the allowable limit to 10.0 kN (2250 lb), which is in excess of the limited experimental average static femur fracture force of 8.90 kN (2000 lb). A general analysis of all of the available biomechanics data and mathematical models on femoral impact response and fracture indicates a significant load time dependence for primary pulse durations below 20 ms that can elevate the permissible femur load above the Federally proposed allowable limit of 10.0 kN (2250 lb). A femur injury criterion was therefore formulated that is consistent with the available experimental data, incorporates the temporal characteristics of the femur fracture force, and provides a technically feasible and improved protective test standard for car occupant safety evaluations. Dynamic differences between the femoral response of the human cadaver and the Part 572 dummy were subsequently quantified to substantiate the efficacy of applying the Femur Injury Criterion to the measured response of the Part 572 dummy.&lt;/div&gt;
10106Worlds and Beyond: Efficient Representation and Processing of Incomplete Information (2007)

We present a decomposition-based approach to managing incomplete information. We introduce world-set decompositions (WSDs), a space-efficient and complete representation system for finite sets of worlds. We study the problem of efficiently evaluating relational algebra queries on world-sets represented by WSDs. We also evaluate our technique experimentally in a large census data scenario and show that it is both scalable and efficient.
Viscoelastic finite-difference modeling (1994)

Abstract Real earth media disperse and attenuate propagating mechanical waves. This anelastic behavior can be described well by a viscoelastic model. We have developed a finite-difference simulator to model wave propagation in viscoelastic media. The finite-difference method was chosen in favor of other methods for several reasons. Finite-difference codes are more portable than, for example, pseudospectral codes. Moreover, finite-difference schemes provide a convenient environment in which to define complicated boundaries. A staggered scheme of second-order accuracy in time and fourth-order accuracy in space appears to be optimally efficient. Because of intrinsic dispersion, no fixed grid points per wavelength rule can be given; instead, we present tables, which enable a choice of grid parameters for a given level of accuracy. Since the scheme models energy absorption, natural and efficient absorbing boundaries may be implemented merely by changing the parameters near the grid boundary. The viscoelastic scheme is only marginally more expensive than analogous elastic schemes. The efficient implementation of absorbing boundaries may therefore be a good reason for also using the viscoelastic scheme in purely elastic simulations. We illustrate our method and the importance of accurately modeling anelastic media through 2-D and 3-D examples from shallow marine environments.
Single-Cell Characterization of Pulmonary Nodules Implicates Suppression of Immunosurveillance across Early Stages of Lung Adenocarcinoma (2023)

Analysis of a spectrum of subsolid pulmonary nodules by single-cell RNA sequencing provides insights into the immune regulation and cell-cell interactions in the tumor microenvironment during early lung tumor development.
Glycosylation of Pyrazino[2,3‐c]‐1,2,6‐thiadiazine 2,2‐Dioxides to Sulfur Dioxide Analogs of Pteridine Nucleosides (1986)

Abstract Pyrazino[2,3‐ c ]‐1,2,6‐thiadiazine 2,2‐dioxides 1, 2 , and 3 have been glycosylated as their trimethylsilyl derivatives with 1‐ O ‐acetyl derivatives of ribose. 1 leads to mixtures of N ‐1 and N ‐8 monoribosides and N ‐1,4‐ N diribosides, the relative proportions depending on the reaction conditions used. However, in the case of 6,7‐disubstituted pyrazinothiadiazines 2 and 3 only the N ‐1 monoribosides have been obtained. The structures of the newly synthesized compounds are discussed on the basis of UV, 1 H NMR and 2D homonuclear NMR data.
Cuckoo sampling: Robust collection of flow aggregates under a fixed memory budget (2012)

Collecting per-flow aggregates in high-speed links is challenging and usually requires traffic sampling to handle peak rates and extreme traffic mixes. Static selection of sampling rates is problematic, since worst-case resource usage is orders of magnitude higher than the average. To address this issue, adaptive schemes have been proposed in the last few years that periodically adjust packet sampling rates to network conditions. However, such proposals rely on complex algorithms and data structures of costly maintenance. As a consequence, adaptive sampling is still not widely implemented in routers.
Thermal storage capacity to enhance network flexibility in Dual Demand Side Management (2015)

The global concern for the environment and greater increase in the demand for electricity justifies integration of electrical and thermal units in the future smart grids to improve the system efficiency and reduce costs and emissions. In the distribution networks, micro-Combined Heat and Power unit equipped with a thermal storage system is an excellent candidate to meet the electrical and thermal demands. The aim of this paper is to present agent-based optimal control methodology to obtain higher flexibility for supplier to match the generations and demands. The market-based stochastic model for reducing the overall cost of generation and increasing the financial gain as long as supplying sufficient power to consumers in distribution level is described. The proposed algorithm is able to reach the optimum cost dispatching values according to different user behaviors and statistical data for switching micro-Combined Heat and Power units which are equipped with a thermal storage.
Listeria monocytogenes 6-Phosphogluconolactonase Mutants Induce Increased Activation of a Host Cytosolic Surveillance Pathway (2009)

Infection with wild-type Listeria monocytogenes activates a host cytosolic surveillance response characterized by the expression of beta interferon (IFN-beta). We performed a genetic screen to identify L. monocytogenes transposon insertion mutants that induced altered levels of host IFN-beta expression. One mutant from this screen induced elevated levels of IFN-beta and harbored a Tn917 insertion upstream of lmo0558. This study identified lmo0558 as the 6-phosphogluconolactonase gene (pgl), which encodes the second enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway. pgl mutant L. monocytogenes accumulated and secreted large amounts of gluconate, likely derived from labile 6-phosphogluconolactone, the substrate of Pgl. The pgl deletion mutant had decreased growth in glucose-limiting minimal medium but grew normally when excess glucose was added. Microarray analysis revealed that the pgl deletion mutant had increased expression of several beta-glucosidases, consistent with known inhibition of beta-glucosidases by 6-phosphogluconolactone. While growth in macrophages was indistinguishable from that of wild-type bacteria, pgl mutant L. monocytogenes exhibited a 15- to 30-fold defect in growth in vivo. In addition, L. monocytogenes harboring an in-frame deletion of pgl was more sensitive to oxidative stress. This study identified L. monocytogenes pgl and provided the first link between the bacterial pentose phosphate pathway and activation of host IFN-beta expression.
Defining Molecular and Cellular Responses after Low and High Linear Energy Transfer Radiations to Develop Biomarkers of Carcinogenic Risk or Therapeutic Outcome (2012)

The variability in radiosensitivity across the human population is governed in part by genetic factors. The ability to predict therapeutic response, identify individuals at greatest risk for adverse clinical responses after therapeutic radiation doses, or identify individuals at high risk for carcinogenesis from environmental or medical radiation exposures has a medical and economic impact on both the individual and society at large. As radiotherapy incorporates particles, particularly particles larger than protons, into therapy, the need for such discriminators, (i.e., biomarkers) will become ever more important. Cellular assays for survival, DNA repair, or chromatid/chromosomal analysis have been used to identify at-risk individuals, but they are not clinically applicable. Newer approaches, such as genome-wide analysis of gene expression or single nucleotide polymorphisms and small copy number variations within chromosomes, are examples of technologies being applied to the discovery process. Gene expression analysis of primary or immortalized human cells suggests that there are distinct gene expression patterns associated with radiation exposure to both low and high linear energy transfer radiations and that those most radiosensitive are discernible by their basal gene expression patterns. However, because the genetic alterations that drive radio response may be subtle and cumulative, the need for large sample sizes of specific cell or tissue types is required. A systems biology approach will ultimately be necessary. Potential biomarkers from cell lines or animal models will require validation in a human setting where possible and before being considered as a credible biomarker some understanding of the molecular mechanism is necessary.
Thermomechanical properties of Ni 60%weight Ti 40%weight (2003)

60-NiTinol (60% Nickel 40% Titanium content by weight) was developed by the US Naval Ordnance Laboratory in the 1950s as a structural form of NiTinol. Due to 60-NiTinol's extreme brittleness the application development was abandoned. Nitinol Technology Inc. successfully produced cutting instruments with this material in the early 90's. Subsequent work demonstrated that with the proper heat treatment the material exhibits a strong, stable, shape memory response. Unlike other Nitinol alloys, 60-Nitinol does not require cold work. Initial testing of this material shows that the transition temperature is a strong function of the heat treatment. Therefore the same ingot of material can produce samples with superelastic and shape memory effect. Samples with different heat treats exhibited transition temperatures varying from -55 C to +60 C. Additionally, appropriate heat treatment allows the material to exhibit extreme hardness (Rc 63) or a two-way shape memory effect. This paper provides the first study of the thermomechanical properties, including stress-strain curves and thermal cycling, of axially loaded slender 60-Nitinol samples. The samples were tested at extremely high stress level greater than 695 MPa (100 ksi) with recoverable strain of 2.5%. In addition, flexures designed with potential for aerospace applications were tested. This initial research shows that 60-Nitinol has some enticing advantages over 55 Nitinol, however further study is required.
A Linear Microwave Electro-Optic Front End With SiGe Distributed Amplifiers and Segmented Silicon Photonic Mach–Zehnder Modulator (2019)

The dynamic range of a radio-over-fiber (RoF) link is fundamentally limited by the linearity of electro-optic modulators. Silicon photonic (SiP) processes offer significant potential for integration, but the plasma dispersion effect impacts the realizable spur-free dynamic range (SFDR). This article analyzes the underlying source of nonlinearity in SiP Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) and demonstrates fundamental limitations on intermodulation distortion. A SiGe low-noise distributed driver is co-designed for the SiP MZM to linearize and extend the bandwidth over which the SFDR remains high. The RoF transmitter achieves 1-20 GHz bandwidth and an SFDR of 109 dB · Hz <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2/3</sup> at 11 GHz. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest SFDR demonstrated for a SiP technology without incorporating predistortion.
Kinetics and Mechanism of Atomic Force Microscope Local Oxidation on Hydrogen‐Passivated Silicon in Inert Organic Solvents (2006)

Conductive atomic force microscope (AFM) nanopatterning on hydrogen-terminated silicon in a hydrophobic organic solvent under ambient conditions produces features consistent with AFM field-induced oxidation. The growth rate of the oxide features (see figure) exhibits modulation consistent with a space-charge-limited growth mechanism.
A combined cuff electrode array for organ-specific selective stimulation of vagus nerve enabled by Electrical Impedance Tomography (2023)

Previously developed spatially-selective Vagus Nerve Stimulation (sVNS) allows the targeting of specific nerve fascicles through current steering in a multi-electrode nerve cuff but relies on a trial-and-error strategy to identify the relative orientation between electrodes and fascicles. Fast Neural Electrical Impedance Tomography (FN-EIT) has been recently used for imaging neural traffic in the vagus nerves of pigs in a cross-correlation study with sVNS and MicroCT fascicle tracking. FN-EIT has the potential for allowing targeted sVNS; however, up to now, stimulation and imaging have been performed with separate electrode arrays. In this study, different options were evaluated <i>in-silico</i> to integrate EIT and stimulation into a single electrode array without affecting spatial selectivity. The original pig vagus EIT electrode array geometry was compared with a geometry integrating sVNS and EIT electrodes, and with direct use of sVNS electrodes for EIT imaging. Modelling results indicated that both new designs could achieve image quality similar to the original electrode geometry in all tested markers (e.g., co-localisation error <100 µm). The sVNS array was considered to be the simplest due to the lower number of electrodes. Experimental results from testing evoked EIT imaging of recurrent laryngeal activity using electrodes from the sVNS cuff returned a signal-to-noise ratio similar to our previous study (3.9 ± 2.4 vs. 4.1 ± 1.5, <i>N</i> = 4 nerves from 3 pigs) and a lower co-localisation error (≈14% nerve diameter vs. ≈25%, <i>N</i> = 2 nerves from 2 pigs). Performing FN-EIT and sVNS on the same nerve cuff will facilitate translation to humans, simplify surgery and enable targeted neuromodulation strategies.
Evolution of histone 2A for chromatin compaction in eukaryotes (2014)

During eukaryotic evolution, genome size has increased disproportionately to nuclear volume, necessitating greater degrees of chromatin compaction in higher eukaryotes, which have evolved several mechanisms for genome compaction. However, it is unknown whether histones themselves have evolved to regulate chromatin compaction. Analysis of histone sequences from 160 eukaryotes revealed that the H2A N-terminus has systematically acquired arginines as genomes expanded. Insertion of arginines into their evolutionarily conserved position in H2A of a small-genome organism increased linear compaction by as much as 40%, while their absence markedly diminished compaction in cells with large genomes. This effect was recapitulated in vitro with nucleosomal arrays using unmodified histones, indicating that the H2A N-terminus directly modulates the chromatin fiber likely through intra- and inter-nucleosomal arginine-DNA contacts to enable tighter nucleosomal packing. Our findings reveal a novel evolutionary mechanism for regulation of chromatin compaction and may explain the frequent mutations of the H2A N-terminus in cancer.
Étude de la qualité des milieux aquatiques : caractérisation des impacts écotoxiques (2018)

[Departement_IRSTEA]Eaux [TR1_IRSTEA]BELCA [ADD1_IRSTEA]Systèmes aquatiques soumis à des pressions multiples
Light sources for neuromorphic computing (2018)

We have demonstrated electrically-injected waveguide-coupled LEDs based on W centers in silicon for neuromorphic computing. We analyze the sources of loss in these LEDs and simulate new designs for scalable, waveguide-coupled devices with several orders of magnitude higher efficiency.
Optimal Resource Allocation Framework for Downlink OFDMA System with Channel Estimation Error (2010)

In this paper, we study resource allocation in a downlink OFDMA system assuming imperfect channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter. To achieve the individual QoS of the users in OFDMA system, adaptive resource allocation is very important, and has therefore been an active area of research. However, in most of the the previous work perfect CSI at the transmitter is assumed which is rarely possible due to channel estimation error and feedback delay. In this paper, we study the effect of channel estimation error on resource allocation in a downlink OFDMA system. We assume that each user terminal estimates its channel by using an MMSE estimator and sends its CSI back to the base station through a feedback channel. We approach the problem by using convex optimization framework, provide an explicit closed form expression for the users' transmit power and then develop an optimal margin adaptive resource allocation algorithm. Our proposed algorithm minimizes the total transmit power of the system subject to constraints on users' average data rate. The algorithm has polynomial complexity and solves the problem with zero optimality gaps. Simulation results show that our algorithm highly improves the system performance in the presence of imperfect channel estimation.
Balance-fed built-in folded monopole antenna for handsets (2005)

Shogo Hayashida, Hisashi Morishita, Yoshio Koyanagi and Kyohei Fujimoto Department of Electrical Engineering, National Defense Academy 1-10-20, Hashirimizu, Yokosuka-shi, 239-8686 Japan Tel: +81-468-41-3810 ext. 3382, Fax: +81-468-44-5911, e-mail: d03002@nda.ac.jp Panasonic Mobile Communications Co., Ltd.,5-3, Hikarinooka, Yokosuka-shi, 239-0847 Japan FAIS, University of Tsukuba, 586-9 Akatsuka, Tsukuba-shi, 305-0062 Japan