gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Kinetic study of energy transfer from He(n=2,3) to Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe (1976)

Time-resolved spectroscopic studies have been carried out on various emissions from He-Ar, He-Kr, He-Xe, and He-Ne mixtures to obtain kinetic information and quenching cross sections following charged-particle excitation. Our results are consistent with the pathways model of Payne, Klots, and Hurst in which Jesse effects are due primarily to energy transfer from $\mathrm{He}(2^{1}S)$ to an atom or molecule which is consequentially ionized. Quenching cross sections for $\mathrm{He}(2^{1}S)$)-Ar, -Kr, and -Xe at thermal (300\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K) collision energy were obtained as 22.5, 42, and 70 ${\mathrm{\AA{}}}^{2}$, respectively, with an accuracy of 10%. These results are smaller than theoretical calculations which make use of the orbiting approximation, but agree well with experimental data obtained by crossed-molecular-beam methods. Using the same method, we obtained for the first time room-temperature quenching cross sections for $\mathrm{He}(2^{1}P)$)-Ar and $\mathrm{He}(3^{1}P)$)-Ne, -Ar, -Kr, -Xe (142 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 42, 42 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 4, 53 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 5, 39 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 4, and 73 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 7 ${\mathrm{\AA{}}}^{2}$, respectively). These results are larger than theoretical calculations based on the dipoledipole mechanism by Katsuura and Watanabe. Quenching cross sections for $\mathrm{He}(3^{3}P)$)-Ne, -Ar, -Kr, -Xe, and $\mathrm{He}(3^{1}D)$)-Ne were obtained as 32 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 5, 22 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 3, 17 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 3, 67 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 10, and 30 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 5 ${\mathrm{\AA{}}}^{2}$, respectively.
Neutralization titer biomarker for antibody-mediated prevention of HIV-1 acquisition (2022)

The Antibody Mediated Prevention trials showed that the broadly neutralizing antibody (bnAb) VRC01 prevented acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) sensitive to VRC01. Using AMP trial data, here we show that the predicted serum neutralization 80% inhibitory dilution titer (PT<sub>80</sub>) biomarker-which quantifies the neutralization potency of antibodies in an individual's serum against an HIV-1 isolate-can be used to predict HIV-1 prevention efficacy. Similar to the results of nonhuman primate studies, an average PT<sub>80</sub> of 200 (meaning a bnAb concentration 200-fold higher than that required to reduce infection by 80% in vitro) against a population of probable exposing viruses was estimated to be required for 90% prevention efficacy against acquisition of these viruses. Based on this result, we suggest that the goal of sustained PT<sub>80</sub> <200 against 90% of circulating viruses can be achieved by promising bnAb regimens engineered for long half-lives. We propose the PT<sub>80</sub> biomarker as a surrogate endpoint for evaluatinon of bnAb regimens, and as a tool for benchmarking candidate bnAb-inducing vaccines.
16.2: Backlight for ViewSequential Autostereo 3D (2010)

Abstract We have demonstrated a backlight which emits collimated light whose direction can be scanned through 16°. Combined with a high frame rate LCD, this lets us display stereo 3D with no need for glasses.
Ab initio/IGLO 29Si NMR studies of trisubstituted silicenium and silylated arenium ions: Comparison with experimental data of claimed ions (2003)

Ab initio/IGLO (individual gauge for localized orbital) 29 Si NMR studies of trisubstituted silicenium and their related arenium ions have been carried out. Comparison of the obtained results with the reported experimental data indicate that to date no free long-lived trisubstituted silicenium cations have been observed in solution. The reported results in π-donor arene solvents clearly indicate the formation of silylated Wheland intermediates (arenium ions), whereas in previously discussed heteroatom n-donor solvents (such as ethers or nitriles) the related silylated onium (such as oxonium or nitrilium) ions are formed. At the same time due to the high electrophilicity of trivalent silicon and its affinity for oxygen, halogen, etc, counter ions, such as perchlorate or fluoroantimonates, are also unsuitable for the observation of long-lived trisubstituted silyl cations.
Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition induces oxidative stress and decreases intracellular glutathione to reduce survival of human B lymphoma/leukemia cells (2007)

18522 We recently reported that inhibition of Cox-2 reduced human B-CLL proliferation and survival. Herein, we investigated the mechanisms whereby a small molecule Cox-2 selective inhibitor (SC-58125) blunts survival of human B cell lymphomas and chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells. SC-58125 (a celecoxib analogue) and OSU03012 (a celecoxib analogue that lacks Cox-2 inhibitory activity) both decreased intracellular glutathione (GSH) content in malignant human B cells, as well as in Cox-2 deficient mouse B cells. This new finding supports Cox-2 independent effects of SC-58125. Interestingly, SC-58125 also significantly increased B cell reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, suggesting that ROS are a pathway that reduces malignant cell survival. Addition of GSH ethyl ester protected B lymphomas from the increased mitochondrial membrane permeability and reduced survival induced by SC-58125. Moreover, the SC-58125-mediated GSH depletion resulted in elevated steady-state levels of the glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit mRNA and protein. These new findings of increased ROS and diminished GSH levels following SC-58125 exposure support novel mechanisms whereby a Cox-2 selective inhibitor reduces malignant B cell survival. These observations also support the concept that certain Cox-2 selective inhibitors may have therapeutic value in combination with other drugs to kill malignant B lineage cells. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Impact of protective killer inhibitory receptor/human leukocyte antigen genotypes on natural killer cell and T-cell function in HIV-1-infected controllers (2012)

Together, these results suggest that heightened NK responses can be evidenced independently of HIV-specific T-cell responses in HIV-1-infected elite controllers.
Effect of peptide geroprotectors on navigation learning in rats of different ages and caspase-3 systems in their brain structures (2014)

The effects of peptide geroprotectors, such as cortexin and pinealon, on the training of rats of different ages and the caspase-3 system in their brain structures were studied in the experimental model of acute hypoxic hypoxy. Regional changes were identified in the activity and the content of caspase-3 in the cerebral cortex and brainstem structures of young and old rats under the influence of peptide preparations. It is suggested that the functional state of the caspase-3 system in the brain is one of the reasons for the ability of animals to learn. Compared with cortexin, pinealon has a greater positive effect on the learning of both young and old animals in the Morris labyrinth.
Functional Roles of Osteoactivin in Normal and Disease Processes (2010)

Osteoactivin (OA) protein was discovered in bone cells a decade ago. Recent literature suggests that osteoactivin is crucial for the differentiation and functioning of different cell types, including bone-forming osteoblasts and bone-resorbing osteoclast cells. Here, we review the literature to date on various regulatory functions of osteoactivin, as well as its discovery, structure, expression, and function in different tissues and cells. The transcriptional regulation of osteoactivin and its mechanism of action in normal and diseased conditions with special emphasis on bone are also covered in this review. In addition, we touch on the therapeutic potential of osteoactivin in cancer and bone diseases.
Calibration and performance of the NIKA2 camera at the IRAM 30-m Telescope (2020)

Context. NIKA2 is a dual-band millimetre continuum camera of 2 900 kinetic inductance detectors, operating at 150 and 260 GHz, installed at the IRAM 30-m telescope in Spain. Open to the scientific community since October 2017, NIKA2 will provide key observations for the next decade to address a wide range of open questions in astrophysics and cosmology. Aims. Our aim is to present the calibration method and the performance assessment of NIKA2 after one year of observation. Methods. We used a large data set acquired between January 2017 and February 2018 including observations of primary and secondary calibrators and faint sources that span the whole range of observing elevations and atmospheric conditions encountered by the IRAM 30-m telescope. This allowed us to test the stability of the performance parameters against time evolution and observing conditions. We describe a standard calibration method, referred to as the “Baseline” method, to translate raw data into flux density measurements. This includes the determination of the detector positions in the sky, the selection of the detectors, the measurement of the beam pattern, the estimation of the atmospheric opacity, the calibration of absolute flux density scale, the flat fielding, and the photometry. We assessed the robustness of the performance results using the Baseline method against systematic effects by comparing results using alternative methods. Results. We report an instantaneous field of view of 6.5′ in diameter, filled with an average fraction of 84%, and 90% of valid detectors at 150 and 260 GHz, respectively. The beam pattern is characterised by a FWHM of 17.6″ ± 0.1″ and 11.1″ ± 0.2″, and a main-beam efficiency of 47%±3%, and 64%±3% at 150 and 260 GHz, respectively. The point-source rms calibration uncertainties are about 3% at 150 GHz and 6% at 260 GHz. This demonstrates the accuracy of the methods that we deployed to correct for atmospheric attenuation. The absolute calibration uncertainties are of 5%, and the systematic calibration uncertainties evaluated at the IRAM 30-m reference Winter observing conditions are below 1% in both channels. The noise equivalent flux density at 150 and 260 GHz are of 9 ± 1 mJy s1/2 and 30 ± 3 mJy s1/2. This state-of-the-art performance confers NIKA2 with mapping speeds of 1388 ± 174 and 111 ± 11 arcmin2 mJy−2 h−1 at 150 and 260 GHz. Conclusions. With these unique capabilities of fast dual-band mapping at high (better that 18″) angular resolution, NIKA2 is providing an unprecedented view of the millimetre Universe.
S-Nitrosylation of parkin as a novel regulator of p53-mediated neuronal cell death in sporadic Parkinson’s disease (2013)

Taken together, our data indicate that S-nitrosylation of parkin, leading to p53-mediated neuronal cell death, contributes to the pathophysiology of sporadic PD.
A Multifunctional Microfluidic Platform for High‐Throughput Experimentation of Electroorganic Chemistry (2020)

Electroorganic synthesis is a promising tool to design sustainable transformations and discover new reactivities. However, the added setup complexity caused by electrodes in the system impedes efficient screening of reaction conditions. Herein, we present a microfluidic platform that enables automated high-throughput experimentation (HTE) for electroorganic synthesis at a 15-microliter scale. Two HTE modules are demonstrated: 1) the rapid electrochemical reaction condition screening for a radical-radical cross-coupling reaction on micro-fabricated interdigitated electrodes, and 2) measurements of kinetics for mediated anodic oxidations using the microliter-scale cyclic voltammetry. The presented modular approach could be deployed for a range of other electroorganic chemistry applications beyond the demonstrated functionalities.
Grid integration of a 500 kW alkaline electrolyzer system for harmonic analysis and robust control (2023)

In the past decades, wind and solar energy installation has rapidly increased. The electric grid has been ever increasingly penetrated with such intermittent renewable sources, which inevitably increase the schedule difficulty and cause stability issues. To solve such problems and efficiently utilize the renewable energy, electrolyzer plants are integrated into the grid. This work provides a simulation result of a 500 kW alkaline electrolyzer system including converter topology and electrolyzer performance modeling. Two case studies are carried out in MATLAB®/Simulink® and PLECS to investigate the harmonic distortion and system response during voltage deviation in the distribution grid. The simulation result indicates that different short circuit ratio values affect the total harmonic distortion and the harmonic sidebands are mainly affected by controller bandwidth and switching frequency. The designed system maintains 95% DC link voltage even when subjected to a 20% voltage dip in the point of connection.
Two-layered audio-visual speech recognition for robots in noisy environments (2010)

Audio-visual (AV) integration is one of the key ideas to improve perception in noisy real-world environments. This paper describes automatic speech recognition (ASR) to improve human-robot interaction based on AV integration. We developed AV-integrated ASR, which has two AV integration layers, that is, voice activity detection (VAD) and ASR. However, the system has three difficulties: 1) VAD and ASR have been separately studied although these processes are mutually dependent, 2) VAD and ASR assumed that high resolution images are available although this assumption never holds in the real world, and 3) an optimal weight between audio and visual stream was fixed while their reliabilities change according to environmental changes. To solve these problems, we propose a new VAD algorithm taking ASR characteristics into account, and a linear-regression-based optimal weight estimation method. We evaluate the algorithm for auditory-and/or visually-contaminated data. Preliminary results show that the robustness of VAD improved even when the resolution of the images is low, and the AVSR using estimated stream weight shows the effectiveness of AV integration.
Structure of Divisible Discrete Random Sets and Their Randomized Superpositions (1991)

In this paper, we present an axiomatic formulation of Discrete Random Sets, and extend Choquet's uniqueness result to obtain a recursive procedure for the computation of the underlying event- space probability law, given a consistent Discrete Random Set specification via its generating functional. Based on this extension, we investigate the structure of Discrete Random Set models that enjoy the properties of independent decomposition/superposition, and present a design methodology for deriving models that are guaranteed to be consistent with some underlying event-space probability law. These results pave the way for the construction of various interesting models, and the solution of statistical inference problems for Discrete Random Sets.
The TGF-β Pathway: A Pharmacological Target in Hepatocellular Carcinoma? (2021)

Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-β) superfamily members are essential for tissue homeostasis and consequently, dysregulation of their signaling pathways contributes to the development of human diseases. In the liver, TGF-β signaling participates in all the stages of disease progression from initial liver injury to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). During liver carcinogenesis, TGF-β plays a dual role on the malignant cell, behaving as a suppressor factor at early stages, but contributing to later tumor progression once cells escape from its cytostatic effects. Moreover, TGF-β can modulate the response of the cells forming the tumor microenvironment that may also contribute to HCC progression, and drive immune evasion of cancer cells. Thus, targeting the TGF-β pathway may constitute an effective therapeutic option for HCC treatment. However, it is crucial to identify biomarkers that allow to predict the response of the tumors and appropriately select the patients that could benefit from TGF-β inhibitory therapies. Here we review the functions of TGF-β on HCC malignant and tumor microenvironment cells, and the current strategies targeting TGF-β signaling for cancer therapy. We also summarize the clinical impact of TGF-β inhibitors in HCC patients and provide a perspective on its future use alone or in combinatorial strategies for HCC treatment.
Preparation, Crystal Structure Analysis, and Catalytic Application of [(S)-BINAP]Ni(COD) and [(S)-BINAP]NiBr2 (2002)

The efficient preparation of [(S)-BINAP]Ni(COD) (1) and [(S)-BINAP]NiBr2 (2) is reported. X-ray crystal structure analysis of these potential precatalysts provides the first structural insights into the nickel−BINAP system at both the 0 and +2 oxidation states.
Shunts in Patients With Respiratory Distress Syndrome (1993)

In Reply.— We agree with Dr Evans that bidirectional ductal shunting is more common than net right-to-left ductal shunting in premature neonates with severe RDS and persistent pulmonary hypertension. Our conclusion that large right-to-left shunts via the ductus are common findings in these cases was not intended to exclude the presence of concomitant left-to-right shunting. In our study population the incidence of right-to-left ductal shunting at 12 and 24 hours of age was 86% and 94% in premature neonates with fatal RDS, 39% and 34% in the severe RDS group, 4% and 0% in the no/mild RDS group, and 6% and 0% in the full-term neonates without RDS.
Transduction Using Functional Materials: Basic Science and Understanding at the U. S. Naval Research Laboratory (2019)

Abstract Recently NRL researchers have embarked on a basic research effort “Tuning Giant Magnetoelectric Properties in Phase Transformation Multiferroics” focused on multifunctional materials for energy transduction and conversion. Multiferroic materials combine at least two coupled ferroic properties and are used in multiple applications including magnetic field sensors, energy harvesting devices, non-volatile memory and antennas. There are very few single phase multiferroic materials, and they normally have relatively low magnetoelectric (ME) coupling coefficient. In contrast, engineered materials such as ME composites fabricated from piezoelectric and magnetostrictive materials can show multiple orders of magnitudes increase in the ME coupling coefficient. The optimal design of ME composites would lead to conditions of maximum response (strain, induced voltage, or field) with minimum applied electric or magnetic fields, providing advanced materials for transduction, sensing, energy harvesting and other applications. That is why NRL researchers are working on piezoelectric materials with enhanced properties due to a phase transformation that would minimize the stimuli needed to achieve large strains. Key to the successful design and fabrication of ME composites is an understanding of interface characteristics as well as individual material components. In this paper we will review the current status of work at NRL on engineered multiferroic composites comprised of piezoelectric and magnetostrictive materials coupled through strain. There are still many open questions about the interfacial properties as well as the individual component materials. Details will be presented from recent work on material characterization under repetitive cycling, interface characteristics, and stress/electric/thermal effects on driving the phase transition in a relaxor ferroelectric single crystal.
Wearable supercapacitors based on nickel tungstate decorated commercial cotton fabrics (2020)

Symmetric supercapacitors (SSCs) with remarkable energy storing capability, high specific power as well as long-term cyclic stability were fabricated from nickel tungstate (NiWO4) @ nickel oxide (NiOx) decorated commercial cotton fabrics (CCFs). A commercial cotton-based textile was first made conductive by the state of the art ultrasonic spray coating method. This was followed by chemical and electrochemical processes to decorate activated CCFs with NiOx and NiWO4, respectively. The assembled SSCs had the merit of high specific energy of 12 μWh cm−2 at a specific power of 69 μW cm−2 while showing reasonable cyclic stability. Fabricated devices retained over 80% of their initial capacitance after 5500 continuous charge/discharge cycles. The flexibility of the devices was investigated under bending, twisting, and folding providing reliable evidence on the wearability of the fabricated SSCs. Cyclic voltammograms of the fabricated NiWO4@NiOx@CCF SSCs showed only a slight change and retained over 95% of the capacitance under bending and folding. The fabricated NiWO4@NiOx@CCF SSCs, in this regard, are promising energy storage systems to power up high-performance wearable electronics.
O29 Efficacy and safety of mirikizumab in patients with ulcerative colitis: phase 3 LUCENT-1 study results (2022)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Mirikizumab (miri) is a humanized, IgG4 monoclonal antibody directed against the p19 subunit of IL-23, a key mediator in the pathogenesis of IBD. We assessed the induction efficacy and safety of miri with a Phase 3, multi-center, randomized, parallel-arm, double-blind, placebo (PBO)-controlled trial (LUCENT 1; NCT03518086) in patients with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis (UC) who had inadequate or loss of response, or intolerance to corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, biologic therapies, or tofacitinib. <h3>Methods</h3> Adult patients (N=1281) were randomized in a 3:1 ratio to receive blinded intravenous administration of 300mg miri or PBO every 4weeks for 12weeks. Randomization was stratified by biologic failure status, baseline (BL) corticosteroid use, BL disease activity as measured by modified Mayo score, and world region. The primary objective was to test the hypothesis that miri was superior to PBO in inducing clinical remission at Week12. Key secondary objectives were clinical response, endoscopic and symptomatic remission, clinical response in biologic-failed patients, histologic-endoscopic mucosal improvement, and improvement in bowel urgency at Week12. <h3>Results</h3> BL characteristics were balanced across the 2 treatment groups. A significantly greater proportion of patients treated with miri achieved clinical remission at Week12 (Miri: 24.2%; PBO: 13.3%; Δ=11.1 [99.875%CI: 3.2, 19.1]; p=0.00006). Miri-treated patients achieved all key secondary endpoints, including a significantly greater average reduction in bowel urgency severity compared to PBO (p&lt;0.00001). The frequencies of treatment-emergent adverse events (AEs) in miri-treated patients were similar to PBO. There were numerically fewer serious AEs (Miri: 27 [2.8%], PBO: 17 [5.3%]) and discontinuations due to AEs (Miri: 15 [1.6%], PBO: 23 [7.2%]) in miri-treated patients compared to PBO. There were 2 colon malignancies in the miri arm (0.2%) and no deaths during the treatment period. <h3>Conclusions</h3> In this Phase 3 UC study, 300mg miri IV demonstrated statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvements vs PBO in all primary and key secondary endpoints across clinical, endoscopic, histologic, and symptomatic measures, with an acceptable safety profile.
Modelling radiation damage to pixel sensors in the ATLAS detector (2019)

Silicon pixel detectors are at the core of the current and planned upgrade of the ATLAS experiment at the LHC. Given their close proximity to the interaction point, these detectors will be exposed to an unprecedented amount of radiation over their lifetime. The current pixel detector will receive damage from non-ionizing radiation in excess of 1015 1 MeV neq/cm2, while the pixel detector designed for the high-luminosity LHC must cope with an order of magnitude larger fluence. This paper presents a digitization model incorporating effects of radiation damage to the pixel sensors. The model is described in detail and predictions for the charge collection efficiency and Lorentz angle are compared with collision data collected between 2015 and 2017 (≤ 1015 1 MeV neq/cm2).