gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improved Human Faecal Bile Acid Extraction (1991)

Conference Article| April 01 1991 Improved Human Faecal Bile Acid Extraction C.H.E. IMRAY; C.H.E. IMRAY 1Birmingham University Department of Surgery, Dudley Road Hospital, B18 7QH2Clinical Research Block, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, B15 2TH, UK Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar A. DAVIS; A. DAVIS 1Birmingham University Department of Surgery, Dudley Road Hospital, B18 7QH3Clinical Research Block, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, B15 2TH, UK Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar G. BARKER; G. BARKER 1Birmingham University Department of Surgery, Dudley Road Hospital, B18 7QH4Clinical Research Block, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, B15 2TH, UK Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar S. RADLEY; S. RADLEY 1Birmingham University Department of Surgery, Dudley Road Hospital, B18 7QH5Clinical Research Block, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, B15 2TH, UK Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar P. BAKER; P. BAKER 1Birmingham University Department of Surgery, Dudley Road Hospital, B18 7QH6Clinical Research Block, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, B15 2TH, UK Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar J.P. NEOPTOLEMOS J.P. NEOPTOLEMOS 1Birmingham University Department of Surgery, Dudley Road Hospital, B18 7QH7Clinical Research Block, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, B15 2TH, UK Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1991) 19 (2): 201S. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst019201s Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation C.H.E. IMRAY, A. DAVIS, G. BARKER, S. RADLEY, P. BAKER, J.P. NEOPTOLEMOS; Improved Human Faecal Bile Acid Extraction. Biochem Soc Trans 1 April 1991; 19 (2): 201S. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst019201s Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1991 Biochemical Society1991 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Positive Results on Tests for Steatorrhea in Persons Consuming Olestra Potato Chips (2000)

Consumption of olestra can cause false-positive results on tests for steatorrhea and may therefore lead to an erroneous diagnosis of the malabsorption syndrome.
Binder Design for Stable Nano-Silicon Anodes (2010)

Abstract not Available.
Mini-crowdsourcing end-user assessment of intelligent assistants: A cost-benefit study (2011)

Intelligent assistants sometimes handle tasks too important to be trusted implicitly. End users can establish trust via systematic assessment, but such assessment is costly. This paper investigates whether, when, and how bringing a small crowd of end users to bear on the assessment of an intelligent assistant is useful from a cost/benefit perspective. Our results show that a mini-crowd of testers supplied many more benefits than the obvious decrease in workload, but these benefits did not scale linearly as mini-crowd size increased - there was a point of diminishing returns where the cost-benefit ratio became less attractive.
Intelligent actuation strategy via image feedbacks for a magnetically actuated autofocusing module in mobile phones (2008)

This study proposes a new miniaturized autofocusing mechanism and an intelligent autofocusing algorithm with digital images as feedbacks. An actuation scheme for autofocusing is fostered via (1) capturing image by a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor sensor array, (2) evaluating the clearness of images by the well-known method of discrete cosine transformation (DCT), and (3) actuating the lens in the designed mechanism to the best-focusing position estimated by a neural network (NN), assisted by a genetic algorithm (GA).
Taselisib (GDC-0032), a Potent -Sparing Small Molecule Inhibitor of PI3K, Radiosensitizes Head and Neck Squamous Carcinomas Containing Activating PIK3CA Alterations (2020)

Activating PIK3CA genomic alterations are frequent in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), and there is an association between phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling and radioresistance. Hence, we investigated the therapeutic efficacy of inhibiting PI3K with GDC-0032, a PI3K inhibitor with potent activity against p110α, in combination with radiation in HNSCC.
Al-2.114 Raster Scan (2021)

As increasingly smaller molecular materials and material structures are devised or developed for technological applications, the demands on the processes of lithography now routinely include feature sizes that are of the order of 10 nm. In reaching such a fine level of resolution, the methods of lithography have increased markedly in sophistication and brought into play 2terminology that is unfamiliar, on the one hand, to scientists tasked with the development of new lithographic materials or, on the other, to the engineers who design and operate the complex equipment that is required in modern-day processing. Publications produced by scientists need to be understood by engineers and vice versa, and these commonly arise from collaborative research that draws heavily on the terminology of two or more of the traditional disciplines. It is developments in polymer science and material science that lead progress in areas that cross traditional boundaries, such as microlithography. This document provides the exact definitions of a selection of unfamiliar terms that researchers and practitioners from different disciplines might encounter.
Catastrophic thermal destabilization of two-dimensional close-packed emulsions due to synchronous coalescence initiation (2020)

The mechanisms for phase separation in highly concentrated emulsions when subjected to a thermal phase transition remain to be elucidated. Here, we create a hexagonally close-packed monodisperse emulsion in 2D and show that during a cool-heat cycle, the emulsion fully destabilizes akin to phase separation. The mechanism for this catastrophic destabilization is found to be spontaneous coalescence initiation that synchronously occurs between every solidified droplet and its neighbors. This synchronous coalescence initiation establishes system-wide network connectivity in the emulsion causing large-scale destabilization. This system-wide coalescence initiation is found to be insensitive to droplet size and tested surfactants, but dependent on network connectivity and crystal content of individual droplets.
Pulse front adaptive optics in multiphoton microscopy (2016)

The accurate focusing of ultrashort laser pulses is extremely important in multiphoton microscopy. Using adaptive optics to manipulate the incident ultrafast beam in either the spectral or spatial domain can introduce significant benefits when imaging. Here we introduce pulse front adaptive optics: manipulating an ultrashort pulse in both the spatial and temporal domains. A deformable mirror and a spatial light modulator are operated in concert to modify contours of constant intensity in space and time within an ultrashort pulse. Through adaptive control of the pulse front, we demonstrate an enhancement in the measured fluorescence from a two photon microscope.
Impact of Underlaid Multi-antenna D2D on Cellular Downlink in Massive\n MIMO Systems (2015)

In this paper, we consider a massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)\ndownlink system underlaid with a network of multi-antenna D2D user equipments\n(UEs). Each D2D transmitter (Tx) uses all its antennas to beamform information\ntowards its desired D2D receiver, which uses only a single antenna for\nreception. While beamforming at the D2D Tx reduces D2D interference to the\nneighbouring cellular UEs (CUEs), the cellular-to-D2D interference is also\nnegligible due to highly directional beamforming at the massive MIMO base\nstation. For the above proposed system, we analyze the average per-user\nspectral efficiency (SE) of CUEs ($R^{c,d}$) as a function of the D2D area\nspectral efficiency (ASE). Our analysis reveals that for a fixed D2D ASE\n($R_0^{(d)}$) and fixed number of D2D antennas ($N$), with increasing density\nof D2D Txs ($\\lambda$), $R^{c,d}$ increases (for sufficiently large $\\lambda$)\nand approaches a fundamental limit $R_{\\infty}^{c,d}$ as $\\lambda \\to \\infty$.\nAlso, $R_{\\infty}^{c,d}$ depends on $R_{0}^{(d)}$ and $N$, only through the\nratio $\\frac{R_{0}^{(d)}}{N-1}$, i.e, for a given fundamental limit\n$R_{\\infty}^{c,d}$, the D2D ASE can be approximately doubled with every\ndoubling in $N$.\n
Binimetinib (MEK162) in recurrent low-grade serous ovarian cancer resistant to chemotherapy and hormonal treatment (2018)

Binimetinib may present a new treatment option for hormone- and chemotherapy-resistant LGSOC harboring <i>KRAS</i> mutations.
Synthesis and Use of 5-Vinyl-1,2,4-oxadiazoles as Michael Acceptors. A Rapid Synthesis of the Potent Muscarinic Agonist L-670,548 (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTSynthesis and Use of 5-Vinyl-1,2,4-oxadiazoles as Michael Acceptors. A Rapid Synthesis of the Potent Muscarinic Agonist L-670,548John E. Macor, Timothy Ordway, Robert L. Smith, Patrick R. Verhoest, and Robert A. MackView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Astra Arcus USA, P.O. Box 20890, Rochester, New York 14602 Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 10, 3228–3229Publication Date (Web):May 17, 1996Publication History Received20 February 1996Published online17 May 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://doi.org/10.1021/jo9603340Copyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views719Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (175 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Agonists,Anions,Hydrocarbons,Salts,Substitution reactions Get e-Alerts
Dependence of Kidney Morphogenesis on the Expression of Nerve Growth Factor Receptor (1991)

Nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR) serves as the binding site for the neurotrophic growth factors. Although NGFR has been found in several embryonic tissues outside the nervous system, the function of NGFR in embryogenesis of non-neuronal organs remains unknown. NGFR is transiently synthesized by embryonic rat kidney and disappears from nephrons upon their terminal differentiation. Anti-sense oligonucleotide inhibition of NGFR expression inhibits kidney morphogenesis. Therefore, NGFR is required not only for development of the nervous system, but also for differentiation of the kidney tubules.
Impact of Gate Metal-Induced Stress on Performance Modulation in Gate-Last Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors (2007)

The effect of gate metal film stress on the performance of gate-last metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) with a W/TiN/SiO2 gate stack was investigated. The channel strain induced by the electrode film was controlled by the W film stress. The W film stress was determined by the deposition method and film thickness. The compressive and tensile stresses of the electrode film enhance nFET and pFET performances, respectively. The enhancements of the performances are introduced not only by the stress of the film on the channel but also by the stress of the film on the side in the groove of the gate-last MOSEFTs. Metal electrode stress can be a further controlling factor in the performance of scaled devices.
Propene polymerization with a magnesium chloride‐supported Ziegler catalyst, 2. Molecular weight distribution (1984)

Abstract The kinetic features of the molecular weight distributions (MWDs) of polypropylene produced with TiCl 4 /MgCl 4 /C 6 H 5 COOC 2 H 5 /Al(C 2 H 5 ) 3 as catalyst are investigated as functions of the polymerization time and the concentrations of Al(C 2 H 5 ) 3 , C 6 H 5 COOC 2 H 5 and hydrogen. The MWDs are dependent upon the concentrations of Al(C 2 H 5 ) 3 and C 6 H 5 COOC 2 H 5 , and are correlated with a change of the isotactic index of the produced polymers. In contrast, both MWD and the number‐average molecular weight M̄ n remain unchanged during the polymerization from 5 s to 3 h. When hydrogen is added as a chain transfer reagent, M̄ n decreases as anticipated but the polydispersity index (M̄ w /M̄ n ) is independent of the hydrogen concentration. The MWDs obtained with this supported catalyst are rather narrow (3≤ M̄ w /M̄ n ≤8)and are represented by a log‐normal form or Wesslau equation, which is different from the MWDs (6≤ M̄ w /M̄ n ≤20) obtained with the traditional TiCl 3 catalysts, which are represented by the Tung equation. Broadening of the MWD obtained with heterogeneous catalysts is also discussed. The constancy of M̄ w /M̄ n , independent of the hydrogen concentration leads to the important conclusion that non‐uniform surface sites on heterogeneous catalysts are responsible for the broadening of the MWD. A surface heterogeneity of the propagation rate constant, k p , is demonstrated on the basis of the kinetic data, concerning the effect of CO‐inhibition on the polymerization rate. A surface distribution function of k p , capable of accounting for the broad MWDs, is presented and discussed in terms of a distribution of the activation energy for the propagation step.
Matrix adherence of endothelial cells attenuates immune reactivity: induction of hyporesponsiveness in allo‐ and xenogeneic models (2007)

Endothelial integrity regulates vascular tone, luminal patency, and the immune reactivity to tissue grafts. Endothelial dysfunction is the first marker and site of disease initiation and severity. It has long been known that endothelial biochemical function is density dependent, and we have recently shown that endothelial immunobiology is anchorage dependent. Matrix-embedded endothelial cells (EC) establish a controlled anchorage state and are not only immune protected but also induce a system immune protective state. We now define this aspect of vascular and immune biology in detail. The in vitro immune response of allogeneic splenocytes (proliferation, lytic activity, and cytokine expression) on exposure to aortic EC was significantly reduced if EC were embedded within three-dimensional collagen matrices (3D-EC; P<0.005) to an even greater extent than EC that had reached confluence as monolayers on tissue culture plates (EC-TCPS). Splenocyte reactivity was enhanced with repeated exposure to EC-TCPS but minimally if preexposed to 3D-EC (P<0.002). 3D-EC induced significantly greater differentiation of splenocytes into CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells than EC-TCPS (P<0.02). The reduced response to 3D-EC and potential protective effect to subsequent exposure were confirmed in vivo. Repeated exposure of immune-competent mice to injections of xenogeneic EC-TCPS induced vigorous host immunity. In contrast, prior implantation of 3D-EC induced hyporesponsiveness toward subsequent injection of EC-TCPS with reduced humoral response, decreased lytic activity, and lower frequency of effector splenocytes (P<0.001). EC interaction with its matrix determines phenotype, viability, and biosecretory potential. We now show that this microenvironmental interaction also influences endothelial-mediated activation of allo- and xenogeneic immune cells. 3D matrix-embedding limits the ability of EC to initiate adaptive immunity, and initial exposure to 3D-EC confers hyporesponsiveness to subsequent exposure to immunogeneic EC. These effects transcended the traditional control that confluence imposes on EC and reflects perhaps even higher order control. Our findings might offer novel insights to endothelial-mediated diseases and potential cell-based therapies.
Erzeugung von Synthesegas aus biomassestämmigen Slurries im Flugstromvergaser (2007)

Abstract Die Vergasung von biomassestämmigen Slurries zur Erzeugung von Synthesegas ist ein wesentlicher Prozessschritt des am Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe entwickelten zweistufigen bioliq®‐Verfahrens. Die F&amp;E‐Arbeiten an einem atmosphärischen Flugstromvergaser im Technikumsmaßstab konzentrieren sich auf den Einfluss der Brennstoffspezifikation und der Zerstäubungsgüte auf die Qualität des erzeugten Synthesegases und die Effizienz des Vergasungsprozesses, die z. B. durch den Kaltgaswirkungsgrad beschrieben wird.
From Nuclear Structure to the Quadrupolar NMR Interaction and High‐Resolution Spectroscopy (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Abstract 15877: Understanding the Mechanisms of Ultrasound-Targeted Microbubble Cavitation-Mediated Blood Brain Barrier Opening (2022)

Introduction: Stem cell and AAV-gene therapies are exciting new treatments for neuronal regeneration after ischemic stroke, but they have yet to become the standard of care. One challenge for these therapies is penetrating the blood brain barrier ( BBB ). Ultrasound-targeted microbubble cavitation ( UTMC ) using contrast agents (microbubbles, MB ) and ultrasound ( US ) applied to the brain is being explored to transiently open the BBB. While UTMC-mediated BBB opening is a promising delivery strategy, its underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We hypothesize that tight junctions ( TJ ) play a role in mediating BBB permeability after UTMC. Methods: We utilized transwells with murine brain endothelial cells ( EC ) and astrocytes on opposite sides of a support membrane. US (1 MHz, 10 μs duration, 10 ms pulse interval) at 250 kPa was applied for 20 sec to MB in contact with ECs. Permeability was assessed using dextran. Immunofluorescence with staining for CD-31 (EC) and ZO-1 (TJ) was performed on transwells fixed 15 and 60 min after UTMC. Z-stacks of the transwells were acquired via confocal microscopy to measure paracellular gap area and mean voxel intensity of ZO-1. Data was normalized per EC. Unpaired 2-tailed t -test with correction for multiple t-tests were performed. Results: UTMC increases dextran flux across the BBB (p&lt;0.05). As shown in Figure 1, compared to no UTMC, there is an increase in paracellular gap area per cell (p&lt;0.05). From 15 to 60 min after UTMC, there is a decrease in gap area (p=0.056) and an increase in the mean voxel intensity of ZO-1 per EC (p&lt;0.05). Conclusions: UTMC increase BBB permeability through paracellular gaps. Between 15 and 60 min after UTMC, there is closure of some paracellular gaps and a re-establishment of endothelial TJ in this model of the BBB. Understanding the mechanisms mediating the changes in the BBB after UTMC should facilitate the development of UTMC as a delivery strategy for cell or gene-based therapeutics to enhance recovery after stroke.
Stratified self-calibration with the modulus constraint (1999)

In computer vision and especially for 3D reconstruction, one of the key issues is the retrieval of the calibration parameters of the camera. These are needed to obtain metric information about the scene from the camera. Often these parameters are obtained through cumbersome calibration procedures. There is a way to avoid explicit calibration of the camera. Self-calibration is based on finding the set of calibration parameters which satisfy some constraints (e.g., constant calibration parameters). Several techniques have been proposed but it often proved difficult to reach a metric calibration at once. Therefore, in the paper, a stratified approach is proposed, which goes from projective through affine to metric. The key concept to achieve this is the modulus constraint. It allows retrieval of the affine calibration for constant intrinsic parameters. It is also suited for use in conjunction with scene knowledge. In addition, if the affine calibration is known, it can also be used to cope with a changing focal length.
The transcriptional regulator megakaryoblastic leukemia‐1 mediates serum response factor‐independent activation of tenascin‐C transcription by mechanical stress (2011)

The extracellular matrix protein tenascin-C (TNC) is up-regulated in processes influenced by mechanical stress, such as inflammation, tissue remodeling, wound healing, and tumorigenesis. Cyclic strain-induced TNC expression depends on RhoA-actin signaling, the pathway that regulates transcriptional activity of serum response factor (SRF) by its coactivator megakaryoblastic leukemia-1 (MKL1). Therefore, we tested whether MKL1 controls TNC transcription. We demonstrate that overexpression of MKL1 strongly induces TNC expression in mouse NIH3T3 fibroblasts and normal HC11 and transformed 4T1 mammary epithelial cells. Part of the induction was dependant on SRF and a newly identified atypical CArG box in the TNC promoter. Another part was independent of SRF but required the SAP domain of MKL1. An MKL1 mutant incapable of binding to SRF still strongly induced TNC, while induction of the SRF target c-fos was abolished. Cyclic strain failed to induce TNC in MKL1-deficient but not in SRF-deficient fibroblasts, and strain-induced TNC expression strongly depended on the SAP domain of MKL1. Promoter-reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments unraveled a SAP-dependent, SRF-independent interaction of MKL1 with the proximal promoter region of TNC, attributing for the first time a functional role to the SAP domain of MKL1 in regulating gene expression.
Synthesis of β-Lactams Bearing Functionalized Side Chains from a Readily Available Precursor (2008)

The reaction of chlorosulfonyl isocyanate (CSI) with alkenes provides beta-lactams in quantity, and the products have frequently been used for ring-opening polymerization to generate nylon-3 materials. Prior uses of this approach have focused almost entirely on beta-lactams with purely hydrocarbon substitutents. We show how a variety of beta-lactams bearing protected polar substituents can be generated from CSI-derived building blocks.