gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Flame Retardancy of PA6 Using a Guanidine Sulfamate/Melamine Polyphosphate Mixture (2015)

Polyamide 6 (PA6) is a widely-used polymer that could find applications in various sectors, including home textiles, transportation or construction. However, due to its organic nature, PA6 is flammable, and flame-retardant formulations have to be developed to comply with fire safety standards. Recently, it was proposed to use ammonium sulfamate as an effective flame retardant for PA6, even at low loading content. However, processing issues could occur with this additive considering large-scale production. This paper thus studies the use of another sulfamate salt—guanidine sulfamate (GAS)—and evidences its high efficiency when combined with melamine polyphosphate (MPP) as a flame retardant for PA6. A decrease of the peak of the heat release rate by 30% compared to pure PA6 was obtained using only 5 wt% of a GAS/MPP mixture in a microscale calorimeter. Moreover, PA6 containing the mixture GAS/MPP exhibits a Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI) of 37 vol% and is rated V0 for the UL 94 test (Vertical Burning Test; ASTM D 3801). The mechanisms of degradation were investigated analyzing the gas phase and solid phase when the material degrades. It was proposed that MPP and GAS modify the degradation pathway of PA6, leading to the formation of nitrile end-group-containing molecules. Moreover, the formation of a polyaromatic structure by the reaction of MPP and PA6 was also shown.
Comparative Evaluation of in Silico pKa Prediction Tools on the Gold Standard Dataset (2009)

Abstract The predictive performance of five different p K a prediction tools (ACDpKa, Epik, Marvin pKa, Pallas pKa, and VCCpKa) was investigated on the 248‐membered Gold Standard dataset. We found VCC as the most predictive, high throughput p K a predictor. However since VCC calculates p K a for the most acidic or basic group only we concluded that ACD and Marvin are in fact the method of choice for medicinal chemistry applications. Analyzing the common outliers we identified guanidines, enolic hydroxyl groups and weak acidic NHs as most problematic moieties from prediction point of view. Our results obtained on the high quality, homogenous Gold Standard dataset could be useful for end‐users selecting a suitable solution for p K a prediction.
Construction of two ordered cDNA libraries enriched in genes encoding plasmalemma and tonoplast proteins from a high‐efficiency expression library (1999)

We constructed a high-efficiency expression library from Arabidopsis cDNA clones by introducing a poly (dC) stretch at the 5' end of the clones. This library enables the synthesis of proteins from all the cDNA clones present. We have screened the high-efficiency expression library with antibodies raised against total proteins from Arabidopsis plasmalemma and tonoplast. With the positive clones, we have constructed two cDNA ordered libraries enriched in genes encoding plasmalemma (522 clones) and tonoplast proteins (594 clones). Partial sequencing of both libraries shows that a high proportion (47%) of the clones encoded putative membrane proteins, or membrane-associated proteins. When sequenced, 55% of the cDNAs were new EST sequences for Arabidopsis, 26% were similar to genes present in other plants or organisms, and 29% were not referenced in any databank. Immunoscreening of the two cDNA ordered libraries with antibodies raised against proteins from Arabidopsis cells submitted to osmotic stress allows the selection of genes over- and under-expressed in stress conditions.
Patchy Nanocapsules of Poly(vinylferrocene)-Based Block Copolymers for Redox-Responsive Release (2012)

Nanocapsules composed of a poly(vinylferrocene)-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) shell and a hydrophobic liquid core are prepared in water. The nanocapsule shells display a patchy structure with poly(vinylferrocene) patches with sizes of 25 ± 3 nm surrounded by poly(methyl methacrylate). The functional nanopatches can be selectively oxidized, thereby influencing the colloidal morphology and introducing polar domains in the nanocapsule shell. The hydrophobic to hydrophilic transition in the redox-responsive nanopatches can be advantageously used to release a hydrophobic payload encapsulated in the core by an oxidation reaction.
Aging Aircraft 2005, The Joint NASA/FAA/DOD Conference on Aging Aircraft, Decision algorithms for Electrical Wiring Interconnect Systems (EWIS)Fault Detection (2005)

These briefing charts concern the following topics: aging fleet of aircraft, failure modes for aircraft 1997-2001, hardware considerations, analysis issues--inverse scattering, scattering effect adversely distorts measurement, frequency attenuation, length varying inverse filter, statistical event detection, hypothesis test, detection example, event classification, assuring normal distribution, example--twiested shielded pair, promising results and good framework for additional studies.
Session details: Session 10A: Innovative Interaction (2016)

No abstract available.
Cost of Treating Venous Thromboembolism With Heparin and Warfarin Versus Home Treatment With Rivaroxaban (2015)

Cost of medical care was lower for low-risk VTE patients discharged immediately from the ED with rivaroxaban therapy compared with patients treated with LMWH-warfarin.
EMBERS: EpheMeral biometrically enhanced real-time location System (2014)

In nuclear facilities, having efficient accountability of critical assets, personnel locations, and activities is essential for productive, safe, and secure operations. Such accountability tracked through standard manual procedures is highly inefficient and prone to human error. The ability to actively and autonomously monitor both personnel and critical assets can significantly enhance security and safety operations while removing significant levels of human reliability issues and reducing insider threat concerns. A Real-Time Location System (RTLS) encompasses several technologies that use wireless signals to determine the precise location of tagged critical assets or personnel. RTLS systems include tags that either transmit or receive signals at regular intervals, location sensors/beacons that receive/transmit signals, and a location appliance that collects and correlates the data. Combined with ephemeral biometrics (EB) to validate the live-state of a user, an ephemeral biometrically-enhanced RTLS (EMBERS) can eliminate time-consuming manual searches and audits by providing precise location data. If critical assets or people leave a defined secured area, EMBERS can automatically trigger an alert and function as an access control mechanism and/or ingress/egress monitoring tool. Three different EMBERS application scenarios for safety and security have been analyzed and the heuristic results of this study are outlined in this paper along with areas of technological improvements and innovations that can be made if EMBERS is to be used as safety and security tool.
Cholesterol metabolism drives regulatory B cell function (2020)

Summary Regulatory B cells restrict immune and inflammatory responses across a number of contexts. This capacity is mediated primarily through the production of IL-10. Here we demonstrate that the induction of a regulatory program in human B cells is dependent on a metabolic priming event driven by cholesterol metabolism. Synthesis of the metabolic intermediate geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) was required to specifically drive IL-10 production, and to attenuate Th1 responses. Furthermore, GGPP-dependent protein modifications controlled signaling through PI3Kδ-AKT-GSK3, which in turn promoted BLIMP1-dependent IL-10 production. Inherited gene mutations in cholesterol metabolism result in a severe autoinflammatory syndrome, termed mevalonate kinase deficiency (MKD). Consistent with our findings, B cells from MKD patients induced poor IL-10 responses and were functionally impaired. Moreover, metabolic supplementation with GGPP was able to reverse this defect. Collectively, our data define cholesterol metabolism as an integral metabolic pathway for the optimal functioning of human IL-10 producing regulatory B cells. Graphical abstract MKD = Mevalonate kinase deficiency
Model for predicting spurious modes caused by fringing fields in lateral electrostatic actuators for MEM resonators (2009)

In this paper we present a generalized model for predicting the electromechanical behavior of longitudinal mechanical resonators including the effect of fringing fields on the excitation of spurious flexural modes. We demonstrate the validity and pertinence of our approach by applying our model to the prediction of the vibration amplitudes of square plate resonators. Measured amplitude spectra were obtained with a novel heterodyne interferometer, able to measure exact vibration amplitudes. Our model grasps with good accuracy the measured vibration amplitude, with vibration amplitudes in the order of 1-10 pm, over a range of 22-27 MHz, for both measurements and simulations.
Synthesis of Cartesian stiffness for robotic applications (2003)

A new, systematic approach to the synthesis of Cartesian stiffness by springs is presented using screw (spatial vector) algebra. The space of solutions is fully characterized for all stiffnesses realizable by springs. The main result shows that a rank r stiffness can always be synthesized by r springs. Further, it can also be synthesized by an arbitrarily large number of springs greater than r. Synthesis algorithms are presented and numerical results support the theory.
An exploratory study on the benefits of using natural language for explaining fuzzy rule-based systems (2017)

This paper presents an empirical research. It focuses on testing empirically the benefits of providing users, in a specific domain, with textual interpretation of the fuzzy inferences carried out by a fuzzy classifier for a given selection of samples. The hypothesis to test is as follows: “Users understand easier the decision made by a fuzzy system when they are provided with a textual interpretation of the fuzzy inference mechanism that the system carried out”. This hypothesis was successfully tested in a web survey. The application domain was leaf classification. The fuzzy classifiers were built with the GUAJE fuzzy modeling open source software which is aimed at generating interpretable fuzzy systems. The textual interpretation was handmade by an expert who followed the guidelines of the Natural Language Generation approach proposed by Reiter and Dale. Reported results encourage us to go on with a series of additional experiments devoted to deeply explore how Natural Language Generation techniques can contribute to facilitate the understanding of fuzzy systems.
Reactions and Polymerizations at the Liquid–Liquid Interface (2015)

Reactions and polymerizations at the interface of two immiscible liquids are reviewed. The confinement of two reactants at the interface to form a new product can be advantageous in terms of improved reaction kinetics, higher yields, and selectivity. The presence of the liquid-liquid interface can accelerate the reaction, or a phase-transfer catalyst is employed to draw the reaction in one phase of choice. Furthermore, the use of immiscible systems, e.g., in emulsions, offers an easy means of efficient product separation and heat dissipation. A general overview on low molecular weight organic chemistry is given, and the applications of heterophase polymerization, occurring at or in proximity of the interface, (mostly) in emulsions are presented. This strategy can be used for the efficient production of nano- and microcarriers for various applications.
Symbol-pair codes: Algebraic constructions and asymptotic bounds (2011)

For the recently proposed model of symbol-pair channels, we advance the pair-error coding theory with algebraic cyclic-code constructions and asymptotic bounds on code rates. Cyclic codes for pair-errors are constructed by a careful use of duals of known tools from cyclic-code theory. Asymptotic lower bounds on code rates show that codes for pair-errors provably exist for rates strictly higher than codes for the Hamming metric.
Preparation of Immunostimulating Complexes (ISCOM) Containing Bovine Herpesvirus 1 Proteins (1992)

A method for obtaining lSCOMs with incorporated bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-l) proteins from various amounts of cholesterol, phosphatidylcholine and Quil A is
CTP: Phosphocholine Cytidylyltransferase Is a Substrate for cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase in Vitro (1989)

The role of phosphorylation/dephosphorylation in the regulation of CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase activity was investigated. Incubation of post mitochondrial supernatant with cAMP-dependent protein kinase (50 units) led to an increased (28%) recovery of the cytidylyltransferase in the cytosolic fraction, while incubation with an intestinal alkaline phosphatase (20 units) led to an increased (61%) recovery in the microsomal fraction. When pure cytidylyltransferase was incubated with washed microsomes in the presence of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (133 units), the enzyme associated with the supernatant fraction increased (3.12 +/- 0.02 to 3.77 +/- 0.03 nmol/min/ml) while that of the microsomal fraction decreased (1.36 +/- 0.01 to 0.56 +/- 0.05 nmol/min/ml) by 2.5-fold. The increase in the cytidylyltransferase activity in the supernatant corresponded to an increase in 32P incorporation into the cytidylyltransferase. Treatment with alkaline phosphatase (40 units) decreased the cytidylyltransferase activity in the supernatant (3.61 +/- 0.08 to 2.88 +/- 0.07 nmol/min/ml) while the activity in the microsomal fraction increased (0.56 +/- 0.08 to 1.16 +/- 0.06 nmol/min/ml) by 2-fold. The decrease in the cytidylyltransferase activity in the supernatant corresponded to a decrease in 32P incorporation into the cytidylyltransferase. Incubation of cytidylyltransferase with phosphatidylcholine vesicles in the presence of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (110 units) decreased the cytidylyltransferase activity by 30%. The decrease in cytidylyltransferase activity corresponded to an increase in 32P incorporation into the cytidylyltransferase. Treatment with alkaline phosphatase (20 units) resulted in a 41% increase in the cytidylyltransferase activity. The increase in cytidylyltransferase activity corresponded to a decrease in 32P incorporation into the cytidylyltransferase. Incubation of the cytidylyltransferase with [gamma-32P] ATP and cAMP-dependent protein kinase led to incorporation of 32P into the serine residues of cytidylyltransferase. If the cytidylyltransferase were preincubated with alkaline phosphatase prior to incubation with cAMP-dependent protein kinase, 2-fold more 32P (0.2 mol P/mol cytidylyltransferase) was incorporated into the cytidylyltransferase. Collectively, this data is in agreement with a role for reversible phosphorylation in the regulation of cytidylyltransferase.
ChemInform Abstract: Metastable Nitric Acid Trihydrate in Ice Clouds. (2016)

Abstract In the frame of determining the exact phase composition of stratospheric clouds and its formation mechanisms, evidence for the predicted metastable phase α‐HNO 3 ·3H 2 O (alpha‐NAT) is presented.
Pincer Ir (III) complexes in CH activation and oxidation of mesitylene and methane (2014)

We present our exptl. and computational studies on pincer (Phebox) Ir^(III)(X)_2(OH_2) (X = OAc or OCOCF_3) , in the context of&#13;\norganometallic methane oxidn. Catalytic H /D exchange, stoichiometric CH activation and subsequent oxidn. of mesitylene&#13;\nand methane were investigated.
Growth modes and quantum confinement in ultrathin vapour-deposited MAPbI3 films (2019)

Vapour deposition of metal halide perovskite by co-evaporation of precursors has the potential to achieve large-area high-efficiency solar cells on an industrial scale, yet little is known about the growth of metal halide perovskites by this method at the current time. Here, we report the fabrication of MAPbI3 films with average thicknesses from 2-320 nm by co-evaporation. We analyze the film properties using X-ray diffraction, optical absorption and photoluminescence (PL) to provide insights into the nucleation and growth of MAPbI3 films on quartz substrates. We find that the perovskite initially forms crystallite islands of around 8 nm in height, which may be the cause of the persistent small grain sizes reported for evaporated metal halide perovskites that hinder device efficiency and stability. As more material is added, islands coalesce until full coverage of the substrate is reached at around 10 nm average thickness. We also find that quantum confinement induces substantial shifts to the PL wavelength when the average thickness is below 40 nm, offering dual-source vapour deposition as an alternative method of fabricating nanoscale structures for LEDs and other devices.
Photoluminescence: Ultrafast and Robust UV Luminescence from Cu‐Doped ZnO Nanowires Mediated by Plasmonic Hot Electrons (Advanced Optical Materials 6/2016) (2016)

Leveraging on plasmonic hot electrons is an emerging strategy for electron–hole separation towards efficient photovoltaics and photocatalysis. On page 960, X. Huang, S. J. Wang, S. J. Chua, and co-workers extend this concept to electron–hole recombination for illumination, which is rarely reported. By taking advantage of the good energy match between the dopant-correlated green luminescence in Cu-doped ZnO nanowires and the localized surface plasmon resonance of Au nanoparticles, an intense, ultrafast, and temperature-robust UV luminescence is achieved in the nanowires after coating with Au nanoparticles.
Antimalarial 9-Anilinoacridine Compounds Directed atHematin (2003)

Antimalarial 9-anilinoacridines are potent inhibitors of parasite DNA topoisomerase II both in vitro and in situ. 3,6-diamino substitution on the acridine ring greatly improves parasiticidal activity against Plasmodium falciparum by targeting DNA topoisomerase II. A series of 9-anilinoacridines were investigated for their abilities to inhibit beta-hematin formation, to form drug-hematin complexes, and to enhance hematin-induced lysis of red blood cells. Inhibition of beta-hematin formation was minimal with 3,6-diamino analogs of 9-anilinoacridine and greatest with analogs with a 3,6-diCl substitution together with an electron-donating group in the 1'-anilino position. On the other hand, the presence of a 1'-N(CH3)2 group in the anilino ring produced compounds that strongly inhibited beta-hematin formation but which did not appear to be sensitive to the nature of the substitutions in the acridine nucleus. The derivatives bound hematin, and Job's plots of UV-visible absorbance changes in drug-hematin complexes at various molar ratios indicated a stoichiometric ratio of 1:2. The drugs enhanced hematin-induced red blood cell lysis at low concentrations (<4 microM). These studies open up the novel possibility of development of 9-anilinoacridine antimalarials that target not only DNA topoisomerase II but also beta-hematin formation, which should help delay the rapid onset of resistance to drugs acting at only a single site.
Investigation of the quantitative capabilities of a positron emission mammography system (2005)

A method for performing a quantitative calibration on a PEM system has been found. Following dead-time characterization and correction, the quantitative calibration factor was measured as a function of object thickness. The calibration allows generation of quantitative PEM imagesets over the clinical range of activity concentration. Methods: Three (8.5/spl times/9.0/spl times/3.5) cm tissue culture flasks were filled from a common source with F-I8 FDG. A series often 10-minute scans, using 1-3 flasks, was acquired over an 8-hour span. A system dead-time model was derived from the three lowest activity scans for each flask configuration. ROI analysis was performed on images reconstructed with BP and ML-EM to determine uniformity and the quantitative calibration factors. No corrections for attenuation or scatter were applied. Results: The model for dead-time was found for each flask configuration and parameterized by a linear fit of the model parameters, allowing generation of dead-time correction based on object thickness and true plus scatter coincidence count rate. A second-order polynomial fit to the ROI analysis results allowed characterization of the quantitative calibration factors as a function of object thickness. Conclusions: A dead-time model and quantitative calibration method has been found for the PEM system used in this study. Quantitative calibration factors have been derived from parameters available as part of standard data acquisition.
Expression and Regulation of the Human and Mouse Aspartylglucosaminidase Gene (1997)

Aspartylglucosaminidase (AGA) is a lysosomal enzyme that catalyzes one of the final steps in the degradation of N-linked glycoproteins. Here we have analyzed the tissue-specific expression and regulation of the human and mouse AGA genes. We isolated and characterized human and mouse AGA 5'-flanking sequences including the promoter regions. Primer extension assay revealed multiple transcription start sites in both genes, characteristic of a housekeeping gene. The cross-species comparison studies pinpointed an approximately 450-base pair (bp) homologous region in the distal promoter. In the functional analysis of human AGA 5' sequence, the critical promoter region was defined, and an additional upstream region of 181 bp exhibiting an inhibitory effect on transcription was identified. Footprinting and gel shift assays indicated protein binding to the core promoter region consisting of two Sp1 binding sites, which were sufficient to produce basal promoter activity in the functional studies. The results also suggested the binding of a previously uncharacterized transcription factor to a 23-bp stretch in the inhibitory region.
Abstract 12042: A Mouse Model of Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction Driven by Hyperlipidemia and Enhanced Cardiac LDLR Expression (2022)

Background: HFpEF prevalence has surpassed that of HFrEF. Elevated accumulation of myocardial lipids is a prominent feature of HFpEF patients and the gene for lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in cardiac biopsies is decreased compared with HFrEF or healthy controls. Poloxamer-407 (p407) induces hyperlipidemia by blocking LPL and increasing plasma triglycerides (TG) and LDL cholesterol. We hypothesized that hyperlipidemia driven by p407 and overexpression (OE) of cardiac LDLR in mice mimics a subset of human HFpEF. Methods: WT-129 mice were subject to 4 wks of biweekly i.p. p407-injections with or without a single i.v. injection of AAV9-cTnT-LDLR (n=31); AAV9-cTnT-Luciferase control (n=11), or single i.v. injection with AAV9-cTnT-LDLR alone (n=10). Treatment groups were compared to an untreated group (n=26). Echo, blood pressure (BP), whole-body plethysmography (WBP), ECG telemetry, activity wheel monitoring (AWM), biochemical tests, and histological changes were assessed at 4-8 wks. Results: At 4 wks, p407 and LDLR OE led to diastolic dysfunction (DD) (prolonged IVRT, decreased E/A (p&lt;0.05 and p&lt;0.001 respectively)), preserved EF and increased LV wall thickness (LVID and LVAW, p&lt;0.0001). BP and WBP were normal at 4 wks but respiration (breaths per minute) decreased at 8 wks (p&lt;0.01). ECG and AWM respectively indicated heart block and decreased exercise activity (p&lt;0.001). With the double treatment, total cholesterol increased in heart, skeletal muscle and liver (p&lt;0.05), while TG was decreased only in hearts (p&lt;0.001) and liver (p&lt;0.05). Double treatment also promoted elevated myocardial lipids, fibrosis, increased Wet/Dry lung (p&lt;0.001) and HW/BW (p&lt;0.05). Xanthelasma, ascites, and cardiac ischemia were noted in the double and single, p407 + luciferase groups. Sudden death (SD) occurred between 6-12 wks in double and p407+Luciferase treatment groups. Conclusion: We present a unique model of early onset, rapidly evolving HFpEF where double treatment mice acquire DD, arrhythmia, cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, pulmonary congestion, exercise intolerance, and preserved EF in the absence of obesity, HTN, CKD or DM. The model may represent a subset of HFpEF wherein hyperlipidemia drives a severe phenotype with SD as a prominent endpoint.