gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Minimally invasive options for surgical management of adjacent segment disease of the lumbar spine (2018)

MIS techniques provide decompression of the neural elements, stabilization, and, potentially, fusion for patients with ASD. These illustrated cases and the review of MIS surgical techniques can provide a comprehensive framework for addressing ASD.
Optimizing the Elemental Sensitivity and Focal Spot Size of a Monolithic Polycapillary Optic Using Micro-X-Ray Fluorescence (1998)

A commercial micro-X-ray fluorescence (MXRF) instrument with an aperture X-ray guide was used to compare elemental sensitivities and focal spot sizes with those obtained by focusing the source with a monolithic polycapillary optic retrofitted into the system. The capillary provided an intensity gain of 125 at 4 keV vs. using a pinhole beam collimator; however, this gain advantage declined with increasing analyte line energy as a result of the capillary being designed shorter than its optimal length to fit into the commercial instrument. A minimum capillary focal spot FWHM of 36 {micro}m was achieved, whereas the smallest pinhole aperture available of 50 {micro}m in diameter produced a focal spot width of 69 {micro}m FWHM. Hence, better MXRF lateral resolution could be obtained with the capillary with a simultaneous improvement in elemental sensitivity.
Dimethyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-phenylpyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate (2011)

In the title compound, C(17)H(17)NO(4), the dihedral angle between the benzene and pyridine rings is 75.51 (4)°. The benzene and pyridine rings are both approximately planar (r.m.s. deviations of 0.0040 and 0.0083 Å, respectively), indicating that the pyridine N atom is not protonated. The crystal structure is stabilized by weak inter-molecular C-H⋯O and C-H⋯N inter-actions.
Molecular profiling of ETS and non‐ETS aberrations in prostate cancer patients from northern India (2015)

This is the first report on comprehensive molecular profiling of the major spectrum of the causal aberrations in Indian men with PCa. Our findings suggest that ETS gene rearrangement and SPINK1 over-expression patterns in North Indian population largely resembled those observed in Caucasian population but differed from Japanese and Chinese PCa patients. The molecular profiling data presented in this study could help in clinical decision-making for the pursuit of surgery, diagnosis, and in selection of therapeutic intervention.
The Ovarian Kaleidoscope Database: An Online Resource for the Ovarian Research Community* (2000)

The Ovarian Kaleidoscope database (OKdb) is a collaborative online resource for scientists investigating the ovary. It provides information regarding the biological function, expression pattern, and regulation of genes expressed in the ovary as well as for the phenotypes associated with their mutation. In addition, the records in the OKdb are linked to other sites offering online information about biomedical publications, nucleotide and amino acid sequences, and human genes and genetic disorders. A powerful search tool allows the retrieval of records for specific genes and gene products based on their properties at the molecular, cellular, ovarian, or organism level. Researchers working on particular aspects of ovarian physiology can submit information into the database through a simple web-based form and instantly update their records as additional data become available. Because of this approach, the OKdb website could serve as a tool with which to navigate through the rapidly expanding amount of information about the expression and function of individual genes in the ovary and could also enhance communication within the ovarian research community. Moreover, the design of the OKdb could serve as a model for the development of other online databases of tissue-specific gene expression and function. The OKdb can be accessed at http://ovary.stanford.edu/.
A new QOS-guaranteed cell discarding strategy: self-calibrating pushout (2002)

In order to fully utilize network resources while still providing satisfactory quality of service (QOS) to all network users, it becomes necessary to prioritize users' traffic according to their service requirements. A queue manager located at each output port of an ATM (asynchronous transfer mode) switch will be responsible for selectively discarding cells and transmitting cells based on their priority levels so that each service class's QOS requirement is guaranteed. The queue manager employs a new cell discarding scheme, called self-calibrating pushout (SCP), to balance the cell loss rates of the low and high loss priorities in real time such that each priority's cell loss rate requirement is met. The queue manager also adopts a cell scheduling scheme, called earliest-due-date (EDD). It time-stamps each arriving cell with a value equal to the sum of the arrival time and the maximum allowable queueing delay and then transmits cells with the smaller time stamp values. The performance of the queue manager (cell loss rates and cell delays) has been studied through computer simulations and the results are quite satisfactory.
Senescence as a main mechanism of Ritonavir and Ritonavir‐NO action against melanoma (2019)

The main focus of this study is exploring the effect and mechanism of two HIV-protease inhibitors: Ritonavir and Ritonavir-nitric oxide (Ritonavir-NO) on in vitro growth of melanoma cell lines. NO modification significantly improved the antitumor potential of Ritonavir, as the IC<sub>50</sub> values of Ritonavir-NO were approximately two times lower than IC<sub>50</sub> values of the parental compound. Our results showed for the first time, that both compounds induced senescence in primary and metastatic melanoma cell lines. This transformation was manifested as a change in cell morphology, enlargement of nuclei, increased cellular granulation, upregulation of β-galactosidase activity, lipofuscin granules appearance, higher production of reactive oxygen species and persistent inhibition of proliferation. The expression of p53, as one of the key regulators of senescence, was upregulated after 48 hours of Ritonavir-NO treatment only in metastatic B16F10 cells, ranking it as a late-response event. The development of senescent phenotype was consistent with the alteration of the cytoskeleton-as we observed diminished expression of vinculin, α-actin, and β-tubulin. Permanent inhibition of S6 protein by Ritonavir-NO, but not Ritonavir, could be responsible for a stronger antiproliferative potential of the NO-modified compound. Taken together, induction of senescent phenotype may provide an excellent platform for developing therapeutic approaches based on selective killing of senescent cells.
Use of Oral Agents and/or Insulin in the Treatment of Diabetes during Pregnancy: An Examination of Outcomes in Pregestational versus Gestational Diabetics (2014)

The management of diabetes in pregnancy varies depending on whether the condition was first diagnosed during pregnancy (gestational diabetes) or was diagnosed before pregnancy (pregestational diabetes). Little has been published comparing the relative efficacy of various oral agents for the treatment of gestational diabetes and the reported experience with the insulin pump in pregnancy for pregestational diabetes remains meager. We conducted a retrospective chart review of women managed in a specialized diabetic clinic to compare the results of treatment of gestational diabetes with oral agents, glyburide and acarbose, to those treated with split-mixed insulin and treatment of pregestational diabetes with either the insulin pump or conventional splitmixed insulin. Gestational diabetics treated with split-mixed insulin were hospitalized significantly more often (p < 0.001) than those treated with oral agents only. The incidence of several important pregnancy complications (growth restriction, preterm labor, preeclampsia, oligohydramnios) did not differ between groups. Pregestational diabetics managed with an insulin pump had comparable glycemic control, as measured by hemoglobin A1c, to those managed with split-mixed insulin. Infant birth weights and Apgar scores were similar in each group. There were no perinatal deaths in either group. Acarbose and glyburide showed comparable efficacy in treating gestational diabetics. In addition, our experience adds to the small number of pregnant women with pregestational diabetes who were managed with an insulin pump that have been reported in the literature.
Audio-Visual Speech Recognition System for Robots Based on Two-Layered Audio-Visual Integration Framework (2010)

Noise-robust Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) is essential for robots which are expected to communicate with human in a daily environment. In such an environment, Voice Activity Detection (VAD) performance becomes poor, and ASR performance deteriorates due to noises and VAD failures. To cope with these problems, it is said that humans improve speech recognition performance by using visual information like lip reading. Thus, we propose two-layered audio-visual integration framework for VAD and ASR. The two-layered AV integration framework includes three crucial methods. The first is Audio-Visual Voice Activity Detection (AV-VAD) based on Bayesian network. The second is a new lip-related visual feature which is robust for visual noises. The last one is microphone array processing to improve Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) of input signal. We implemented prototype audio-visual speech recognition system based on our proposed framework using HARK which is our robot audition system. Through voice activity detection and speech recognition experiments, we showed the effectiveness of Audio-Visual integration, microphone array processing, and their combination for VAD and ASR. Preliminary results show that our system improves 20 and 9.7 points of ASR results with/without microphone array processing, respectively, and also improves robustness against several auditory/visual noise conditions.
Fabrication of ultracompact 3-dB 2 x 2 MMI power splitters (1999)

Recently proposed tapered MMI devices have been shown to allow for substantial reductions in device geometries, but as of this time such ultracompact devices have not been realized. The fabrication and testing of a series of parabolically tapered 3-dB 2/spl times/2 MMI devices have been accomplished in the InP-InGaAsP double heterostructure system. The results validate previous predictions and yield device geometries about 40% smaller than the shortest previous 3-dB 2/spl times/2 MMI device. The measured splitting ratios of these devices are compared to the results of numerous beam propagation method simulations, based on the finite-difference method, and good correlation is obtained.
Dye Penetrant Induced Micro cracking in High Performance Thermoplastic Polyimide Composites (1998)

The possibility of spurious microcracking in three high performance thermoplastic polyimide composite materials due to zinc iodine dye penetrant was studied. The material systems were IM7/LaRC TM -IAX, IM7/LaRC TM -IAX2, and IM7/LaRC TM -8515. Specimens from each material system were subjected to one of three immersion tests. The first immersion test involved soaking composite specimens previously prepared with different polishing techniques in dye penetrant. In the second test, specimens were soaked in the individual components of the dye penetrant. The final test involved soaking the specimens in one of six immersion liquids followed by soaking in dye penetrant. Results showed that the composite materials have sufficiently high thermal residual stresses to drive microcracking in the presence of dye penetrant without external mechanical loading. There was no evidence that the different polishing techniques had an effect on dye penetrant induced stress cracking. The individual components of the dye penetrant did not produce microcracks in the composites. Some combination of the components must be present to induce microcracking. Observations also revealed that polishing had an effect on the microcracking process of the composites that were initially soaked in immersion liquids then dye penetrant.
Improved interference cancellation in synthesis array radio astronomy using auxiliary antennas (2004)

Spatial filtering and subspace projection methods have been proposed for removing interference signals at radio astronomy (RA) imaging arrays. Given the fact that RA signal levels are usually below noise levels, and since high gain antennas significantly reduce the interference to noise level at antenna feeds, it is often difficult to form the accurate interference signal parameter estimates. By adding a few (1-3) low gain "auxiliary" antennas to an imaging array, it is possible to overcome this problem. Using low cost auxiliaries with an existing array can improve interference rejection by tens of decibels. New extensions to subspace projection spatial filtering methods are presented, along with simulated results for performance comparison.
Preventing Adversarial Use of Datasets through Fair Core-Set Construction (2019)

We propose improving the privacy properties of a dataset by publishing only a strategically chosen "core-set" of the data containing a subset of the instances. The core-set allows strong performance on primary tasks, but forces poor performance on unwanted tasks. We give methods for both linear models and neural networks and demonstrate their efficacy on data.
Heat Transfer and Friction in Channels With Very High Blockage 45° Staggered Turbulators (2003)

Heat transfer and friction coefficients have been measured within a rectangular passage of aspect ratio 0.4 containing 45-degree staggered turbulators of very high blockage. Using a constant pitch-to-height ratio of 10 for all geometries, turbulator height-to-channel hydraulic diameter ratios from 0.193 to 0.333 were investigated. This range of e/D creates actual channel blockage ratios e/H from 0.275 to 0.475, presenting significant flow area restrictions. A liquid crystal test technique is used to obtain both detailed heat transfer behavior on the surfaces between turbulators, as well as averaged fully developed heat transfer coefficients. Reynolds numbers from 20000 to 100000 were tested. Nusselt number enhancements of up to 3.6 were obtained over that of a smooth channel, with friction coefficient enhancements of as much as 65. In contrast to low-blockage turbulated channels, the 45-degree turbulated Nu is found to be lower than that at 90-degree orientation, given very similar e/D and e/H values.
Development of Fully‐Continuous Electrokinetic Dewatering of Phosphatic Clay Suspensions (2018)

This chapter illustrates the sequential development of a continuous electrokinetic separation process. It addresses the need for enhanced separation of phosphatic clay suspensions generated by the production of fertilizer from phosphatic ore deposits. The search for improved dewatering methods has led to an array of methods, including flocculation, which is employed mainly in water clarification applications, and various mechanical dewatering methods, which are used for clay thickening. The fully continuous prototype developed for electrokinetic dewatering produced low-turbidity water and thickened clay. The concentration of hydrogen was calculated for the lab prototype and estimated for a full-scale on-site installation, and both were found to be below the lower flammable limit. The chapter discusses the assumptions and procedures used for estimating the hydrogen concentration and economic assessment for mine site treatment. To explore the production of clarified water, a semi-continuous prototype was designed that retained thickened solids and produced a stream of low-turbidity water.
Immortalization of murine B cells in vitro with oncogene-containing retroviral vectors (1992)

A large panel of oncogene-containing retroviral vectors has been constructed and used to infect activated murine splenic B cells to determine whether particular oncogenes are capable of directly mediating B cell immortalization. Mature B cell lines have been consistently established with some of these retroviral vectors. These B cell lines arose at a low frequency, indicating that more genetic events were required in addition to infection with the retroviral vector for immortalization to occur. All such lines were LPS-dependent and non-tumorigenic. All lines secrete IgG and express surface IgG, but not IgD or IgM. In addition, they are CD11b+ and CD23-. These cells may be derived from the CD5 "lineage" or a related B cell subset and appear to be more susceptible to immortalization than conventional B cells.
Cytogenetic Findings in 36 Osteosarcoma Specimens and a Review of the Literature (2000)

Tumor-specific chromosomal abnormalities have been shown to characterize certain subgroups of mesenchymal neoplasms. Identification of these abnormalities has proven useful diagnostically and has provided direction for molecular studies of pathogenetically important genes. Recent studies focusing on cytogenetic and molecular cytogenetic findings in osteosarcoma have expanded our knowledge of chromosomal alterations in this neoplasm and are pointing to recurrent regions of interest. In our study, the cytogenetic findings of 36 osteosarcoma specimens and a review of the literature (for a total of 161 specimens) are provided. Molecular cytogenetic studies were performed on two specimens. Clonal chromosomal abnormalities were detected in 25 of 36 specimens and included 17 near-diploid, 8 near-triploid, 2 near-tetraploid, and 8 specimens with multiple clones of different ploidy levels. Examination of the present data and previously published results reveals that chromosomal bands or regions Ip11-13, Iq11-12, Iq21-22, 11p14-15, 14p11-13, 15p11-13, 17p, and 19q13 are most frequently rearranged, and the most common numerical abnormalities are +1, −9, −10, −13, and −17. The majority of osteosarcomas examined were characterized by complex karyotypes.
Component versus System Level ESD (2015)

This chapter establishes the electrostatic discharge (ESD) control methods and ESD target levels for IC components and outlines the details of the system level ESD threats and the corresponding test methods. It discusses why correlation with component-level ESD ratings cannot be expected to work. The chapter briefly reviews the test methods used to analyze an IC chip for its robustness against ESD transients in the field and discusses specific control programs for advanced devices. An overview of the differences between the system level and HBM test methods is also provided. Automobile applications commonly refer to system level ESD stress testing according to ISO 10605. The purpose of IEC 6100-4-2 and related standards is to prove the system level ESD robustness of the finished system which will be handled by the end-customer.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses and Structure—Activity Relationships of Novel Retinoid X Receptor Agonists. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Extraction of Dyes from Petrocarpus santalinus and Dyeing of Natural Fibres Using Different Mordants (2018)

Aqueous extraction of natural dyes from Petrocarpus santalinus tree wood and dyeing of the following natural fibres: banana fibre, screw fine fibre, pineapple fibre, sisal fibre, korai and palm leaf using various mordants to fix the colour in the fibre materials were performed. Salt, sodium bicarbonate, oxalic acid, tannic acid, ferrous ammonium sulphate, stannous chloride (tin metal powder), alum and tamarind (Tamarindus indica) were used as a mordant for the dying of the natural fibres. Petrocarpus santalinus dye was effectively dyed on natural fibres using different mordants, producing different colours like tomato, maroon, orange red, chocolate, brown, quarry red, black, brick red, tile red, terra colla, sunbaked clay, gray, brick red, victorian red, firebrick, brown, crimson and orange, using these mordants.
Effects of ferroelectric switching on the piezoelectric small-signal response (d33) and electrostriction (M33) of lead zirconate titanate thin films (2004)

The effects of an increasing small signal amplitude on the piezoelectric small-signal response and electrostriction of tetragonal Pb(Zrx, Ti1−x)O3 thin films are investigated. The piezoelectric small-signal coefficient d33, piezoelectric large signal-strain S, and electrostriction coefficient M33 are measured using a double-beam laser interferometer. A continuously increasing influence of the small signal amplitude is found starting at very low values. In particular, the impact on the measured coercive field Ec is found to be stronger than the impact of the cycling frequency of the applied bias field. Also, unexpected electrostrictive behavior is investigated and explained by the influence of ferroelectric switching on the intrinsic piezoelectric lattice strain. Furthermore, the influence of an applied small-signal on the piezoelectric large-signal response is investigated.
Dendrimer-Enabled Therapeutic Antisense Delivery Systems as Innovation in Medicine (2019)

Antisense oligonucleotide (AON)-based therapies concern the treatment for genetic disorders or infections such as a range of neurodegenerative and neuromuscular diseases and have shown benefits in animal models and patients. Nevertheless, successes in the clinic are still strongly limited by unfavorable biodistribution and poor cellular uptake of AONs. Dendrimer macromolecules are synthetically accessible and consist of a core with repeated iterations (named branches) surrounding this core, and on the periphery functional groups which can be modified for ligand attachment. The generations of these branched nanoparticles are based on the number of branches emanating from the core with layered architectures. Dendrimers show promise in several biomedical applications based on their tunable surface modifications allowing the adjustment of their in vivo behavior related to biocompatibility and pharmacokinetic parameters. Dendrimers can be used as nanocarriers of various types of drugs including AONs or nanodrugs. As nanocarriers, polycationic dendrimers can complex multiple negatively charged DNA oligonucleotides on their surface and form stable complexes to promote internalization into the cells based on a good cell membrane affinity. These nanocarriers complexing antisense oligonucleotides must be stable enough to reach the cellular target, but with adequate in vivo global clearance, and have good pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) profiles. This Review was designed to analyze the development of AONs carried by polycationic and polyanionic (few example) dendrimers. This Review strongly supports the idea that dendrimers, with adequate modulation of their terminal groups, could be used to carry AONs in cells.
Comparison of Attrition Test Methods:  ASTM Standard Fluidized Bed vs Jet Cup (2000)

Attrition resistance is one of the key design parameters for catalysts used in fluidized-bed and slurry phase types of reactors. The ASTM fluidized-bed test has been one of the most commonly used attrition resistance evaluation methods; however, it requires the use of 50 g samplesa large amount for catalyst development studies. Recently a test using the jet cup requiring only 5 g samples has been proposed. In the present study, two series of spray-dried iron catalysts were evaluated using both the ASTM fluidized-bed test and a test based on the jet cup to determine this comparability. It is shown that the two tests give comparable results. This paper, by reporting a comparison of the jet-cup test with the ASTM standard, provides a basis for utilizing the more efficient jet cup with confidence in catalyst attrition studies.