gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antisense Drugs Make Sense for Neurological Diseases (2020)

The genetic basis for most inherited neurodegenerative diseases has been identified, yet there are limited disease-modifying therapies for these patients. A new class of drugs-antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs)-show promise as a therapeutic platform for treating neurological diseases. ASOs are designed to bind to the RNAs either by promoting degradation of the targeted RNA or by elevating expression by RNA splicing. Intrathecal injection into the cerebral spinal fluid results in broad distribution of antisense drugs and long-term effects. Approval of nusinersen in 2016 demonstrated that effective treatments for neurodegenerative diseases can be identified and that treatments not only slow disease progression but also improve some symptoms. Antisense drugs are currently in development for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Angelman syndrome, and several drugs are in late-stage research for additional neurological diseases. This review highlights the advances in antisense technology as potential treatments for neurological diseases.
Relational extensions for OLAP (2002)

Enterprises have been storing multidimensional data, using a star or snowflake schema, in relational databases for many years. Over time, relational database vendors have added optimizations that enhance query performance on these schemas. During the 1990s many special-purpose databases were developed that could handle added calculational complexity and that generally performed better than relational engines. DB2® has added a number of features that make it more competitive with these special-purpose databases. In this paper, we define meta-data extensions that allow designers of multidimensional schemas to describe the structure of those schemas to multidimensional query and analysis tools. The SQL extensions include a “cube” object that returns row sets that are “slices” of the cube. We also describe Web services for OLAP that provide meta-data for multidimensional data, as well as XML (Extensible Markup Language) query results.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Use of 7‐Substituted Norbornadienes for the Preparation of Prostaglandins and Prostanoids. (1986)

Abstract Aseries of pathways for the synthesis of 7‐substituted norbornadienes is investigated.
Means and methods for cytometric therapies (2023)

A functionalized tip is incorporated into catheters for the cytometric delivery of cells into the brain and other body parts. For use in the brain, the tip forms part of a neurosurgical probe having a proximal end and a distal end. In addition to the functionalized tip, the probe has at least one cell slurry delivery lumen and a plurality of optical fibers configured along the probe, terminating in the tip to provide the photo-optical capability needed to monitor the viability and physiological behavior of the grafted cells as well as certain characteristics of the cellular environment. Details are also presented of the use of a neurocatheter having a cytometric tip of the type disclosed in the invention, as employed within the context of a feedback and control system for regulating the number of cells delivered to the brain of a patient.
Snow Infiltration Tests and Pressure and Flow Rate Measurements on Ridge Vent Configurations (1995)

The present study addresses the performance of roof ridge vents in regard to&#13;\nthe possible entry of snow into the attic space under strong wind conditions. A total&#13;\nof 11 vent configurations made available by Air Vent Inc. were tested for snow&#13;\ninfiltration. Additionally, attic pressures and flow rates were measured for 13 ridge&#13;\nvent arrangements, including the 11 tested for snow infiltration.&#13;\nFor reasons of expense, time, and ease of execution, wind tunnel models of&#13;\nsnow blowing and drifting have been used for many years in design and in specific&#13;\nproblem solutions. A fairly large number of modelling materials have been&#13;\nemployed, e.g. sawdust, mica, gypsum, peat, sand, borax, magnesium carbonate, glass&#13;\nbeads, activated clay, expanded polysterene, wheat bran, and semolina. (A recent&#13;\nstudy of snow loads on the Hubert Humphrey Metrodome in Minneapolis was carried&#13;\nout for example using glass beads with a diameter of 0.1 mm, at a scale of 1:384.)&#13;\nIn the present study, however, to simulate field conditions as closely as possible,&#13;\nactual natural dry snow was used. The tests were conducted during winter months&#13;\nusing the open circuit mode of operation of the St. Anthony Falls Hydraulic&#13;\nLaboratory.&#13;\nThe results of the study offer a comparison of the effectiveness of various&#13;\nridge vent designs, valid of course under the conditions under which the tests were&#13;\ncarried out, as described in detail in this report. The tests have been carried out to&#13;\ndate at a wind approach angle of 0 degrees (wind direction perpendicular to the roof&#13;\nridge ). The model has been constructed in three pieces (a central piece and two&#13;\nangle pieces) so that, by omitting the two angle pieces, it can be fitted in the tunnel&#13;\nin a rotated 45 degree position for additional testing with 45 degree approach winds.&#13;\nThis testing, originally planned for the winter of 1995, had to be postponed until next&#13;\nwinter due to the surprisingly mild 1995 winter weather conditions in Minneapolis.
Cloning of new 5-HT receptors (1993)

1Department of Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10666 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 2Marion Merrell Dow Research Institute, 2110 East Galbraith Rd, Cincinnati, OH 45215, USA
Growth and characterization of K3Li2(TaxNb1−x)5O15 crystals for blue second-harmonic-generation applications (1996)

Potassium lithium tantalate niobate, K3Li2(TaxNb1−x)5O15, or KLTN single crystals were grown by spontaneous crystallization method, and it has been demonstrated that the KLTN crystal has high potential as a nonlinear crystal for blue second-harmonic-generation (SHG) applications. Ta substitution for Nb site in K3Li2Nb5O15 crystal improves the transparency in the blue light region and decolorizes the material. Compared with K3Li2Nb5O15, the K3Li2Ta5O15 crystal exhibits a 60 nm blueshift of the absorption edge from 376 to 316 nm, and decreases its absorption coefficient from 2.3 to 0.3 cm−1 at 400 nm. The phase-matched frequency doubling of the Ti:sapphire infrared laser for blue SHG at room temperature has been demonstrated with the KLTN bulk crystal.
Enhanced bandwidth of traveling-wave photodetector with asymmetric intrinsic region (2007)

We designed and fabricated traveling-wave photodetector with enhanced bandwidth. Because the saturation velocity of hole is smaller than that of electron, bandwidth limitation in conventional symmetric TWPD results from the difference in electron and hole transit times. For solving this problem, we designed a new structure with asymmetric intrinsic region to equalize the carrier transit times. The intrinsic region on the epitaxial layer consists of InGaAs core and 1.3Q InGaAsP cladding regions. In the whole i-layer thickness with 1 &mgr;m, the core region is 0.2 &mgr;m thick and the thickness of cladding region is asymmetrically made up. As the thickness of upper cladding region to p-side is decreased, the transit lengths of electron and hole are matched and the bandwidth of TWPD is enhanced. By fabricating TWPD's from three kinds of epitaxial wafers, we prove the enhanced bandwidth of TWPD with asymmetric intrinsic region.
Scythian-Barbarian: The Permutations of a Classical Topos in Jewish and Christian Texts of Late Antiquity (1998)

La plupart des textes midrashiques de l'antiquite tardive emploie le toponyme barbare(s). Toutefois le sens n'en est pas sur : ce topos de la rhetorique greco-latine semble avoir change de signification. La meme evolution et l'emploi identique se remarquent aussi dans la litterature chretienne de la meme periode. C'est pourquoi l'A. propose une etude comparative qui permette d'indiquer l'orientation de cette evolution semantique
DISCUSSION. THE USE OF LOW-GRADE AGGREGATES AND SOILS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BASES FOR ROADS AND AERODROMES. ROAD ENGINEERING DIVISION. (1942)

Keywords THE DEPT.OF SCIENTIFIC & INDUS. RESEARCH USAGE, LOW, GRADES, AGGREGATES, SOILS, CONSTRUCTION, BASES, ROADS, AERODROMES, SURFACING, MIXTURES, SHELLS, CEMENT, SHRINKAGE, CRACKS, CHEMICALS, STABILISATION, HEAT, TREATMENT, IMPROVEMENT, RESEARCH, GRAVEL, CLAYS, MACADAM, BITUMEN, MATERIALS, THICKNESS, COHESIVE UK, USA... Show All
Carboxylation of Arene CH Bonds with CO2: A DFT‐Based Approach to Catalyst Design (2011)

A prototypical catalytic cycle for the direct carboxylation of unactivated arene C-H bonds with CO(2) based on ruthenium(II) pincer complexes as catalysts is proposed and investigated by density functional theory (DFT) methods. The energetic span model is used to predict the turnover frequency (TOF) of various potential catalysts, evaluating their efficiency for this reaction. In addition to modifications of the catalyst structure, we also investigated the effect of the substrate, the solvent, and the influence of a base on the thermodynamics and kinetics of the reaction. Turnover frequencies in the range of 10(5)-10(7) h(-1) are predicted for the best systems. Alternative reaction pathways that might prevent the reaction are also investigated. In all cases, either the respective intermediates are found to be unstable or activation barriers are found to be very high, thereby indicating that these alternative pathways will not interfere with the proposed catalytic cycle. As a result, several ruthenium pincer complexes are suggested as very promising candidates for experimental investigation as catalysts for the carboxylation of arene C-H bonds with CO(2).
An Amyloid Organelle, Solid-state NMR Evidence for Cross-β Assembly of Gas Vesicles (2011)

Functional amyloids have been identified in a wide range of organisms, taking on a variety of biological roles and being controlled by remarkable mechanisms of directed assembly. Here, we report that amyloid fibrils constitute the ribs of the buoyancy organelles of Anabaena flos-aquae. The walls of these gas-filled vesicles are known to comprise a single protein, GvpA, arranged in a low pitch helix. However, the tertiary and quaternary structures have been elusive. Using solid-state NMR correlation spectroscopy we find detailed evidence for an extended cross-β structure. This amyloid assembly helps to account for the strength and amphiphilic properties of the vesicle wall. Buoyancy organelles thus dramatically extend the scope of known functional amyloids.
Influence of smooth muscle tone and longitudinal tension on the collapsibility of immature airways (1988)

Mechanical properties and pressure-flow relationships of tracheae excised from very premature lambs were studied in a plethysmograph. Control (Group I) data revealed the tracheae to be extremely compliant, collapsible airways, with an inflation compliance (Si) of 0.033 (+/- 0.004 SE) mmHg-1, collapsing compliance (Sc) of 0.026 (+/- 0.001 SE) mmHg-1, and pressure-flow relationships similar to those of a Starling resistor. Acetylcholine administration (Group II) lowered both Si, 0.026 (+/- 0.003 SE) mmHg-1 and Sc, 0.022 (+/- SE) mmHg-1, as did longitudinal stretch (Group III): Si, 0.021 (+/- .003 SE) mmHg-1, and Sc, 0.017 (+/- 0.002 SE) mmHg-1. Alterations in tracheal collapsibility were also evidenced by significant reductions in resistance to airflow when the tracheae were subjected to compressive forces. Altering both smooth muscle tone (acetylcholine administration) and longitudinal length simultaneously (Group IV) produced results similar to those obtained for Group III. These data help to define the functional characteristics of immature airways and may provide insight for more effective clinical management of the premature infant.
Compact Multiantenna (2012)

Planar inverted-f antenna (PIFA) and notch antenna are combined within a compact 2-port MIMO antenna. Electrical and magnetic duality of the two antennas avoids a critical coupling and best performances can be expected for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication. When excitation of notch antenna is optimized properly, the notch length can be short enough so that the two antennas can be colocated in a single compact volume. This compact multiantenna design is suitable for integration in MIMO handheld terminals. A prototype for broadband network application in 3.4–3.8’GHz frequency band has been characterized in anechoic chamber.
Accelerated life testing of marine cables and connectors: problems, pitfalls, and suggestions for improvements (2003)

The ability to scientifically predict the performance, degradation resistance, and usable lifetime of marine cables and connectors is highly desired and valued by design engineers and program managers. The costs associated with these items failing prematurely in their end-use applications can be quite high. On the other hand, significant savings can be realized if the service life of such hardware can be reasonably extended beyond several repair/refit cycles. Historically, the most frequently encountered failure mechanism for marine cables and connectors has been delamination of the polymeric overmolding compound from metal connector backshells. Most outboard cables are connected to cathodically protected metal surfaces which induce a cathodic potential within metal connector backshells. Corrosion reactions occurring on cathodically polarized metal surfaces then cause metal-polymer adhesion failure by a variety of mechanisms. Over the years, several testing protocols have been developed either by or for the U.S. Navy to use increases in temperature to accelerate this so-called "cathodic delamination" process. The purpose of these accelerated life test (ALT) protocols is to determine the resistance to degradation of various metal-primer-polymer combinations used on cables and connectors in a marine environment. Unfortunately, many of the existing ALT protocols exhibit technical and/or scientific deficiencies that compromise their ability to provide meaningful data for the prediction of service life, and the understanding of the cause(s) of hardware failure in the marine environment. These problems include, but are not limited to: choice of failure mechanism model; differences in activation energy for materials/reactions/processes; maintenance of the proper corrosion current density and voltage; and maintenance of the proper ALT fluid medium chemistry. All of these issues are important for the successful completion of an ALT, yet ALTs are often conducted without addressing one or more of these critical issues.
Biotransformation of organic sulfides. Part 12. Conversion of heterocyclic sulfides to chiral sulfoxides by <i>Helminthosporium</i> sp. NRRL 4671 and <i>Mortierella isabellina</i> ATCC 42613 (1999)

The enantioselective oxidation of a series of heterocyclic prochiral sulfides to chiral sulfoxides has been examined using the fungal biocatalysts Helminthosporium species NRRL 4671 and Mortierella isabellina ATCC 42613. Methylthiofuranyl and -thiophenyl substrates gave (S)-configuration products in low to moderate enantiomeric purity on biotransformation with H. species, but pyridyl sulfides with the nitrogen atom located at an optimal distance of 8-10 A from the sulfur centre gave (S) sulfoxides of high enantiomeric purity. The biotransformation of appropriately substituted benzothiane substrates by M. isabellina also gave products of high enantiomeric purity, but with (R) configuration at sulfur. The acceptability of the substrate and the configuration of sulfur oxidation by both H. species and M. isabellina for the range of substrates examined were found to be consistent with predictions based on cubic space models for these oxidations.
The Microelectronics Cooling Impact and Comparison of 2D and 3D Unsteady Effects of a Pair of Opposed Confined Angled Impinging Air Jets (2011)

The unsteady laminar flow and heat transfer characteristics for a pair of angled confined impinging air jets centered in a channel were studied numerically. The time-averaged heat transfer coefficient for a pair of heat sources centered in the channel was determined, as well as the oscillating jet frequency for the unsteady cases. The present study is a continuation of the authors’ previous investigations, identifying the similarities and differences arising from the expansion to the third dimension. It examines the interaction between the angled jets and the associated impact on the cooling of the heat sources placed on the board at a jet Reynolds number of 100 and 600. Maintaining the inlet jet width, W, at 1 cm, as in the previous studied cases, the interaction between the 45° angled jets leads to the formation of unsteady symmetrical jets that impinge on the two heat sources placed on the board at a Reynolds number of 100. A second case investigates the hydrodynamic interaction between the 45° angled jets at a Reynolds number of 600. In this case the jets interact and form a region of unsteady shear causing the jets to sweep the target board and the heated components placed on it. The nature of this unsteadiness depends on the proximity of the jet inlets, the channel dimensions and the jet Reynolds number. The jet unsteadiness causes the stagnation point locations to sweep back and forth over the impingement region causing the jets to “wash” a larger surface area on the target wall. The relevant trends for the 2D and 3D jet hydrodynamic and thermal fields are further documented by comparing the field plots and the Nusselt numbers on the target walls for the cases under evaluation. Although similar in nature, the unsteady 3D opposite jets produce results that deviate from the 2D unsteady opposite jets. The complex vortex patterns resulting from the jet interaction at various jet inlet locations, as well as the velocity, vorticity and temperature fields for both 2D and 3D cases are thoroughly evaluated.
Desirable wafer edge flatness for CD control in photolithography (2003)

Desirable wafer edge flatness was investigated to obtain optimum free-standing wafer edge shape for photolithography. In order to obtain the criteria of free-standing edge shape, we clarified the desirable post-chuck flatness at edge sites in advance. We investigated a desirable free-standing wafer edge, taking into consideration both the wafer and wafer holder shape. Firstly, to obtain a desirable post-chuck wafer edge shape, the vicinity of wafer edge after chucking was modeled, and SFQR was simulated. Secondly, a shape in the vicinity of free-standing edge shape was modeled, and the edge flatness after chucking was simulated. And finally, the simulated flatness was compared with the desirable post-chucked wafer edge shape, and we could obtain desirable free-standing wafer edge shape. Individual measurement of the free-standing back-side and front-side surfaces as well as the thickness of the edge position was found to be necessary for accurate estimation of the post-chuck edge shape.
In Silico Modeling and Its Applications on Biomolecules (2011)

The book provides a general introduction to advanced computational techniques applied in various stages of drug discovery. In particular, it focuses on molecular modeling, ligand- and structure-based drug design methods, and data mining in chemical informatics. Application side of this book deals with the development of the first structure-based three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) model of butyrylcholinesterase - a putative drug target for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. The other part is comprised of detailed work conducted on 5-HT2C agonists. It describes pharmacophore modeling and 3D-QSAR studies. Comparative Molecular Field Analysis coupled with a genetic algorithm (CoMFA-GA) was carried out for aligned ligands. The last part describes the drug target MTB-Thymidine monophosphate kinase (TMPKMtub). The molecular modeling analyses resulted in identification of a cluster of water molecules that mediate key interactions between bound ligands and backbone atoms of the enzyme residues.
Enrichment rescues contextual discrimination deficit associated with immediate shock (2014)

Adult animals continue to modify their behavior throughout life, a process that is highly influenced by past experiences. To shape behavior, specific mechanisms of neural plasticity to learn, remember, and recall information are required. One of the most robust examples of adult plasticity in the brain occurs in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus, through the process of adult neurogenesis. Adult neurogenesis is strongly upregulated by external factors such as voluntary wheel running (RUN) and environmental enrichment (EE); however, the functional differences between these two factors remain unclear. Although both manipulations result in increased neurogenesis, RUN dramatically increases the proliferation of newborn cells and EE promotes their survival. We hypothesize that the method by which these newborn neurons are induced influences their functional role. Furthermore, we examine how EE-induced neurons may be primed to encode and recognize features of novel environments due to their previous enrichment experience. Here, we gave mice a challenging contextual fear-conditioning (FC) procedure to tease out the behavioral differences between RUN-induced neurogenesis and EE-induced neurogenesis. Despite the robust increases in neurogenesis seen in the RUN mice, we found that only EE mice were able to discriminate between similar contexts in this task, indicating that EE mice might use a different cognitive strategy when processing contextual information. Furthermore, we showed that this improvement was dependent on EE-induced neurogenesis, suggesting a fundamental functional difference between RUN-induced neurogenesis and EE-induced neurogenesis. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
DNA Vaccination in Oncology: Current Status, Opportunities and Perspectives (2010)

After almost 20 years of research, DNA vaccination is still a relatively young technique in the vaccine-toolbox. DNA vaccines can easily be modified by conventional cloning techniques, are relatively easy to produce and might be particularly useful for therapeutic vaccination against intracellular pathogens and cancer. After the early pre-clinical successes, DNA vaccination moved into the clinic and numerous trials have been performed thus far. In the oncology field, these trials aimed for the induction of cellular immunity directed against tumor specific antigens. Although DNA vaccines proved to be well tolerated, and elicited some immune activation in patients, robust immune activation followed by clinical responses has not been observed yet. Nevertheless, several promising strategies are currently under development to increase the performance of the current generation DNA vaccines. Future research has to demonstrate whether these strategies are able to give DNA vaccination a defined position in cancer treatment.