gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Accurate simulation of thermal neutron filter effects in the design of research reactor beam applications (2006)

Thermal neutron filters are routinely used for spectral shaping in neutron beam applications. In many situations, the neutron source is the core of a research reactor that faces several beam ports. Consequently, the neutrons leaking into the beam port will have an energy spectrum that extends over several decades from the low energy (thermal) range to the high energy (fast) range that is typical of prompt fission neutrons. At the PULSTAR reactor of North Carolina State Univ., sapphire and bismuth filters are used within the beam ports to reduce the epi-thermal and fast neutron components and gamma-rays. The main objective is to produce thermal neutron beams with a high neutron-to-gamma ratio. The thermal beams are used to drive facilities for neutron imaging and neutron diffraction. To assure that these facilities are accurately designed, thermal neutron scattering cross section libraries are generated for sapphire and bismuth at 300 K. The libraries do not account for coherent elastic (i.e., 'Bragg') scattering, which is equivalent to assuming the use of a single crystal filter with a preferential orientation relative to the neutron beam. MCNP Monte Carlo simulations show that, using the created libraries, the phenomenon of neutron filtration can be captured and diagnosedmore » to ensure accurate beam and facility designs. (authors)« less
Precursor preparation by a modified oxalate coprecipitation and its suitability for manufacturing Bi(Pb)SrCaCuO-conductors (1994)

Two of the most promising methods for the preparation of conductors for energy applications of HTSC are the ``Powder-in-tube-method`` and the Doctor-Blade process using Ag as substrate material. The authors compared the suitability of precalcined B(PSCCO) precursor powders made by different routes, especially by a modified coprecipitation of oxalates. The material was tested in wire-form and as coated Ag-substrates. Phase purity, stoichiometry, homogeneity, reactivity, C-content and particle sizes were investigated by XRD, SEM, EDX, ICP-AES, AC-susceptibility and particle-size measurements. The precursor powders prepared by the modified coprecipitation exhibit improved properties in comparison to conventional routes. For ``Powder-in-tube`` tapes the precursor could be converted in monofilamentary samples in less than 100h with only one intermediate pressing step to j{sub c}-values up to 1. 5 * 10{sup 4} A/cm{sup 2} (0T/77K) at this time. In the case of the Doctor Blade-process large surfaces could be homogeneously coated with a thickness of 15 {mu}m and reacted to dense and highly textured microstructure. Optimized j{sub c}-values are up to 1.0 * 101 A/cm{sup 2} (0T/77K).
Pragmatic Action (1998)

This paper begins with a discussion of two features of the everyday task environment. First, the everyday task environment is designed, and an important part of the design is the provision of explicit information to guide the individual in the adaptation of his activity. Second, some task environments are semi‐permanent. These two features of the task environment reveal some important characteristics in the psychology of the individual. When novelty occurs, expansion in the range of behavior of the individual is guided by a process of internalization of information provided in the task environment by another. Because of the semi‐permanence of home task environments, there is pay‐off in organizing behavior in terms of the particulars of those environments. The body of this paper examines these ideas from the perspective of FLOABN. FLOABN is a computational cognitive model of an individual acquiring skill at using household and office devices.
Algorithms for Managing the Redundancy of Onboard Equipment Complexes of Mobile Objects. Part 1. Paired Arbitration of Conﬁgurations (2022)

The article solves the task of an operational choice of the most suitable conditions for the functioning of the configuration of the components of a redundant onboard equipment in the interests at the same time as ensuring the high fault tolerance of the complex and the achievement of its other performance and technical characteristics. The basis of the redundancy management system is the program subjects in terms of the number of well-developed competitive configurations of heterogeneous and non-communicable equipment complex, called configuration supervisors. The choice of preferred configuration is proposed by performing a multi-level arbitration, which includes the comprising two phases of the pair arbitrator of the computers of the complex and the paired arbitration of configuration supervisors. To ensure the reliability of the competition in the conditions of possible collisions related to the unreliability of information parcels in a pair or with failures of arbitration modules, procedures have been introduced consisting in mutual cross-checking of information parcels between the supervisors of the pair. In case of conflicts when choosing a preference, mutual replacement of the inputs of the arbitration modules and re-evaluation of preferences is provided. The means of both types of arbitration are invited to include in each configuration supervisor, which ensures its self-sufficiency with participation in a competitive selection. The first part of the article is devoted to the paired arbitration of configuration supervisors that implements mutually crossanalysis of readiness indices and indicators of the functional efficiency of configurations combined into a pair. The brute force organized by any way allows you to identify the preferred configuration for subsequent implementation. Two options for paired arbitration of configurations of various complexity and efficiency with binary estimates of preferences (simplified and complete), as well as an arbitration option with triplex preference estimates are also proposed and analyzed. The results of the comparison of the arbitration options are presented, which is selected by the developer based on considerations of guaranteed presence or restrictions of the system design. A methodological example is given illustrating the possibilities of paired arbitration of configurations and its features of a practical nature.
ChemInform Abstract: OXYGEN GENERATION FROM WATER BY REDOX CATALYSIS (1979)

Abstract ist auf dem Wege der Reaktionen A und B möglich, wenn Redoxkatalysatoren wie PtO 2 oder IrO 2 zugegen sind.
The Compound Multiple Access Channel with Partially Cooperating Encoders (2010)

The goal of this paper is to provide a rigorous information-theoretic analysis of subnetworks of interference networks. We prove two coding theorems for the compound multiple-access channel with an arbitrary number of channel states. The channel state information at the transmitters is such that each transmitter has a finite partition of the set of states and knows which element of the partition the actual state belongs to. The receiver may have arbitrary channel state information. The first coding theorem is for the case that both transmitters have a common message and that each has an additional common message. The second coding theorem is for the case where rate-constrained, but noiseless transmitter cooperation is possible. This cooperation may be used to exchange information about channel state information as well as the messages to be transmitted. The cooperation protocol used here generalizes Willems' conferencing. We show how this models base station cooperation in modern wireless cellular networks used for interference coordination and capacity enhancement. In particular, the coding theorem for the cooperative case shows how much cooperation is necessary in order to achieve maximal capacity in the network considered.
Regular and irregular regimes of binary fluid convection excited by parametric resonance (1997)

A set of two asymptotically correct amplitude equations for envelopes of two counterpropagating waves in a horizontal layer of a binary fluid, excited by parametric resonance, is derived and studied. The only stable stationary monochromatic solution possible is standing wave (SW). It can lose its stability in several ways. Sideband instability of SW, similar to that studied by Eckhaus, is possible here and results in either the onset of SW with different wavelength or an irregular regime. The transitions caused by sideband instability are studied numerically. A qualitative explanation of the irregular behavior is proposed.
Controlling polyelectrolyte equilibria and structure via counterion–solvent interactions (2009)

Polyelectrolytes exhibit an enhanced solubility (compared to their uncharged counterparts) due to the dissociation of counterions into the polar medium. Polyelectrolyte solutions can nevertheless become unstable, and display microphase and macrophase separation if the solvent is bad for the polyelectrolyte backbone. In the present work, we investigate theoretically the effect of counterion solubility, instead of backbone solubility, on the stability of polyelectrolyte solutions. Our results predict that the system can undergo mesophase and macrophase separation depending on the solubility of the counterion, and the effective interaction of complexed counterions with the solvent. Moreover, our studies clearly show that the phase stability of a polyelectrolyte solution can be completely determined by the type of counterion, in agreement with recent experiments. These results may be important for tailoring mesostructured materials simply by using different counterions.
Low Dose Carbon Monoxide Exposure in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Produces a CO Signature Comprised of Oxidative Phosphorylation Genes (2019)

Compelling preclinical studies indicate that low-dose carbon monoxide (CO) abrogates experimental lung fibrosis. We recently reported the results of a multicenter, double-blinded, clinical trial of inhaled CO in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Identifying no significantly changes in metalloproteinase-7 (MMP7) serum concentration, or secondary endpoints of physiologic measurements, hospitalization, death, or patient-reported outcomes. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of low dose CO exposure (100-200 ppm) for 12 weeks on genome-wide gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) derived from these IPF study subjects. We conducted transcriptome profiling on 38 IPF subjects with time points available at 0, 12, and 24 weeks. Total RNA isolated from PBMCs was hybridized onto the Affymetrix Human Gene 2.0 ST Array. We identified 621 genes significantly upregulated in the 24-week CO exposed group compared with the 12-week. Pathway analysis demonstrated association with Oxidative Phosphorylation (adjusted P < 0.05). We identified a clear CO signature dominated with 23 oxidative phosphorylation-related genes (FDR <10%). We confirmed the expression of nine selected gene products using Nanostring's nCounter analysis system. These findings suggest this signature may serve as a potential genomic biomarker for CO exposure and for potential titration of dosage to allow precision testing of therapies in future low dose CO therapeutic studies in IPF.
Wearable Devices: Current Status and Opportunities in Pain Assessment and Management (2021)

There exists a great opportunity to study the complex interplay between physiometric signals, physical function, and pain in a real-time fashion in free-living environments. The literature supports the hypothesis that wearable devices can be used to develop reproducible biosignals that correlate with pain. The combination of wearable devices and EMA will likely lead to the development of clinically meaningful endpoints that will transform how we understand and treat pain patients.
Corrections to “On the Ballistic Injection Velocity in Deeply Scaled MOSFETs” [Aug 09 1674-1680] (2012)

In the above-named article [ibid., vol. 59, no. 4, pp. 994-1001, Apr. 2012], the authors showed that the velocity deduced by analyzing transistor I-V data with the virtual-source transistor model of Khakifirooz, et al. (2009) is not always the velocity at the top of the energy barrier between the source and channel. Reference 1 in the Appendix of the original article (on screening in nanoscale MOSFETs) presented a qualitative explanation for why this discrepancy is more pronounced in Si MOSFETs than in III-V MOSFETs. This note points out an error in the original article but does not change the qualitative argument.
Pharmacological Prevention of Ectopic Erythrophagocytosis by Cilostazol Mitigates Ferroptosis in NASH (2023)

Hepatic iron overload (HIO) is a hallmark of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with a poor prognosis. Recently, the role of hepatic erythrophagocytosis in NAFLD is emerging as a cause of HIO. We undertook various assays using human NAFLD patient pathology samples and an in vivo nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) mouse model named STAM<sup>TM</sup>. To make the in vitro conditions comparable to those of the in vivo NASH model, red blood cells (RBCs) and platelets were suspended and subjected to metabolic and inflammatory stresses. An insert-coculture system, in which activated THP-1 cells and RBCs are separated from HepG2 cells by a porous membrane, was also employed. Through various analyses in this study, the effect of cilostazol was examined. The NAFLD activity score, including steatosis, ballooning degeneration, inflammation, and fibrosis, was increased in STAM<sup>TM</sup> mice. Importantly, hemolysis occurred in the serum of STAM<sup>TM</sup> mice. Although cilostazol did not improve lipid or glucose profiles, it ameliorated hepatic steatosis and inflammation in STAM<sup>TM</sup> mice. Platelets (PLTs) played an important role in increasing erythrophagocytosis in the NASH liver. Upregulated erythrophagocytosis drives cells into ferroptosis, resulting in liver cell death. Cilostazol inhibited the augmentation of PLT and RBC accumulation. Cilostazol prevented the PLT-induced increase in ectopic erythrophagocytosis in in vivo and in vitro NASH models. Cilostazol attenuated ferroptosis of hepatocytes and phagocytosis of RBCs by THP-1 cells. Augmentation of hepatic erythrophagocytosis by activated platelets in NASH exacerbates HIO. Cilostazol prevents ectopic erythrophagocytosis, mitigating HIO-mediated ferroptosis in NASH models.
Hydropower Plants Frequency Regulation Depending on Upper Reservoir Water Level (2019)

This paper presents a novel method of hydro power plant operation, based on the control of the injectors’ or wicked gates opening time as a function of the upper reservoir level. In this way, a faster power injection, depending on the current water level on the upper reservoir, could be achieved. When this level is higher, the opening time could be shorter; hence, hydropower ramps could be steeper. Due to this control, frequency excursions and load shedding trips are smaller, thus the power quality is enhanced. This method has been tested and validated by computer simulations in a case study located in El Hierro island, Canary Archipelago (Spain). The simulations made show significant improvements, dependent on upper reservoir water level, in power quality.
Biomimetic Hydroxyapatite Deposition on Titanium Oxide Surfaces for Biomedical Application (2011)

Titanium is widely used as material for permanent implants in orthopedic and dental applications. It is well known that Ti shows a mechanically stable interface towards bone (osseointegration). The good biological properties are due to the beneficial properties of the native oxide (TiO2) that forms on Ti when exposed to oxygen. The native titanium oxide on Ti is usually amorphous and very thin, 2–7 nm [1-3]. In addition to being stable in the physiological environment, titanium oxides increase calcium ion interactions, which are important for protein and subsequent osteoblast adhesion [4]. Enhanced bone bonding can be achieved with bioactive materials that form a stable unit with bone through a spontaneous formation of hydroxyapatite (HA) on their surface. The biomineralized HA layer acts as a bonding layer to the bone and integration at the atomic/molecular scale can develop. For this reason HA is proposed as a suitable coating material to provide stronger early fixation of uncemented prostheses. Although hydroxyapatite coatings on implants showed long-term survival [5], there are concerns about their reliability under loads. Possible ways to overcome this lack of mechanical stability could be by reinforcing the HA with metal oxides such as zirconia and alumina [6]. Apatites, as well as other calcium phosphates (CaPs), can occur in different phases, summarized in Table 1 [7]. Most of them have been studied as biomaterials. The HA naturally occurring in bone is a multi-substituted calcium phosphate, including traces of CO32, F-, Mg2+, Sr2+, Si4+, Zn2+, Li+ etc [8, 9]. These ionic substitutions are considered to play an important role for the formation and properties of bone. Hydroxyapatite coatings can be produced by different methods [10-19]. Early attempts used plasma spraying, which however resulted in coatings with adhesion problems. Attempts have also been made with physical vapour deposition (PVD) techniques. Both of these methods suffer from the drawback that they are line-of-sight methods, which means that coating of complex implant geometries is technically difficult. The biomimetic way to
4Din vivoultrafast ultrasound imaging using a row-column addressed matrix and coherently-compounded orthogonal plane waves (2017)

4D ultrafast ultrasound imaging was recently shown using a 2D matrix (i.e. fully populated) connected to a 1024-channel ultrafast ultrasound scanner. In this study, we investigate the row-column addressing (RCA) matrix approach, which allows a reduction of independent channels from N × N to N + N, with a dedicated beamforming strategy for ultrafast ultrasound imaging based on the coherent compounding of orthogonal plane wave (OPW). OPW is based on coherent compounding of plane wave transmissions in one direction with receive beamforming along the orthogonal direction and its orthogonal companion sequence. Such coherent recombination of complementary orthogonal sequences leads to the virtual transmit focusing in both directions which results into a final isotropic point spread function (PSF). In this study, a 32 × 32 2D matrix array probe (1024 channels), centered at 5 MHz was considered. An RCA array, of same footprint with 32 + 32 elements (64 channels), was emulated by summing the elements either along a line or a column in software prior to beamforming. This approach allowed for the direct comparison of the 32 + 32 RCA scheme to the optimal fully sampled 32 × 32 2D matrix configuration, which served as the gold standard. This approach was first studied through PSF simulations and then validated experimentally on a phantom consisting of anechoic cysts and echogenic wires. The contrast-to-noise ratio and the lateral resolution of the RCA approach were found to be approximately equal to half (in decibel) and twice the values, respectively, obtained when using the 2D matrix approach. Results in a Doppler phantom and the human humeral artery in vivo confirmed that ultrafast Doppler imaging can be achieved with reduced performances when compared against the equivalent 2D matrix. Volumetric anatomic Doppler rendering and voxel-based pulsed Doppler quantification are presented as well. OPW compound imaging using emulated RCA matrix can achieve a power Doppler with sufficient contrast to recover the vein shape and provides an accurate Doppler spectrum.
Supplementary Table 1B from MYC-Driven Tumorigenesis Is Inhibited by WRN Syndrome Gene Deficiency (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 5.8MB&lt;/p&gt;
Ultrafiltration Rate as a Dose Surrogate in Pre-Dilution Hemofiltration (2007)

For critically ill patients treated with continuous hemofiltration (HF), doses recently shown to improve survival can usually be achieved only in the pre-dilution mode. However, use of the pre-dilution mode results in reduced treatment efficiency, relative to post-dilution at the same ultrafiltration rate (Qf ) and blood flow rate (Qb ). The objective of this study is to determine the effect of Qf on removal parameters for solutes over a wide molecular weight spectrum in pre-dilution HF. Experiments were performed in an isovolemic, plasma-based pre-dilution system with Qb=200 ml/min. Removal parameters were measured for a 1.2 m2 polysulfone hemofilter (HF1200, Minntech) at Qf values of 20, 40, and 60 ml/min, corresponding to 17, 34 and 51 ml/h/kg for a 70 kg patient (N=3 hemofilters for each Qf ). Clearance of urea and creatinine (small solute surrogates) was derived from plasma and ultrafiltrate concentrations at 30, 60, 120, 180, and 240 min while clearance of vancomycin and inulin (middle molecule surrogates) was estimated from changes in plasma concentrations over time. In addition, the sieving coefficient (SC) of vancomycin and inulin was measured at the same time points and at baseline (T=0 min). Our findings indicate pre-dilution had a predictable effect on clearance for each solute, as clearance increased linearly with Qf. Sieving coefficient values were not significantly influenced by either Qf or time and the equivalence of SC values in the middle molecule range suggest attenuation of secondary membrane effects. These data indicate filter performance can largely be preserved despite high Qf values by use of predilution. Moreover, Qf appears to be a reasonable dose surrogate in pre-dilution HF.
Oxygen Adsorption-Desorption Behavior and Superconducting Properties of High-Tc Bi(Pb)-Sr-Ca-Cu-O (1989)

Temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) chromatograms revealed that a small amount of oxygen was desorbed from high- T c Bi(Pb)-Sr-Ca-Cu-O (BPSCCO) in the temperature range from ca. 350 to ca. 650°C prior to a steep increase of oxygen desorption in the higher temperature range. The T c of BPSCCO was significantly lowered with the progress of oxygen desorption especially in the former temperature range, and was restored to the original level when the desorbed oxygen was recovered. With no corresponding changes in X-ray powder diffraction pattern being detected, the oxygen desorbed below ca. 650°C was concluded to have strong relevance to the superconductivity of BPSCCO.
Self-Selection of Two Diet Components byTenebrio molitor(Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) Larvae and Its Impact on Fitness (2011)

We studied the ability of Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) to self-select optimal ratios of two dietary components to approach nutritional balance and maximum fitness. Relative consumption of wheat bran and dry potato flakes was determined among larvae feeding on four different ratios of these components (10, 20, 30, and 40% potato). Groups of early instars were provided with a measured amount of food and the consumption of each diet component was measured at the end of 4 wk and again 3 wk later. Consumption of diet components by T. molitor larvae deviated significantly from expected ratios indicating nonrandom self-selection. Mean percentages of dry potato consumed were 11.98, 19.16, 19.02, and 19.27% and 11.89, 20.48, 24.67, and 25.97% during the first and second experimental periods for diets with 10, 20, 30, and 40% potato, respectively. Life table analysis was used to determine the fitness of T. molitor developing in the four diet mixtures in a no-choice experiment. The diets were compared among each other and a control diet of wheat bran only. Doubling time was significantly shorter in groups consuming 10 and 20% potato than the control and longer in groups feeding on 30 and 40% potato. The self-selected ratios of the two diet components approached 20% potato, which was the best ratio for development and second best for population growth. Our findings show dietary self-selection behavior in T. molitor larvae, and these findings may lead to new methods for optimizing dietary supplements for T. molitor.