gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distributed state machines: a declarative framework for the management of distributed systems (2012)

In this paper we describe the implementation of a declarative framework to support the development of distributed management applications. The framework is based on an extension of declarative networking, an asynchronous computational model that uses recursive SQL as its foundation and has been successfully used for the implementation of multiple networking protocols including opinion-based preferential routing as well as standard path vector and link state routing protocols. The SQL implementation enables analysis capabilities that can help avoid implementation and logic errors.
Spatially Modeless Laser Cavity based on III-V Semiconductor technology: Non linear localized light (2021)

Degenerate laser cavity have been used for second-harmonic generation [1] , [2] and spatially incoherent laser emission using solid-state gain medium and monolithic VCSEL with large area of excitation [3] , [4] . In this work we investigate cw spatial coherent states of a degenerate laser cavity using specially design 1/2-VCSEL based on III-V semiconductor technology, and high numerical aperture optical system, in order to be used in spatio-temporal localization of light also know as Light Bullets [5] . The external cavities implemented are made up two(four) lenses in 4-(-8)f self-imaging configurations. A Zeemax and optical physics study was carried out to design the optimized system of lenses to ensure high numerical aperture and high resolution down to wavelength scale with minimal aberrations for off axis operation. The Semiconductor Gain Mirror (1/2-VCSEL) have been designed based on GaAs materials at 1060nm wavelength and for efficient optical pumping at 800nm using commercial diode laser. The high reflectivity mirror is designed with an GaAs/AlAs bragg mirror and the optical gain is provided through a multi-quantum-well strained-balanced InGaAs/GaAsP active region. The 1/2-VCSEL was designed with the intent to minimize all waveguiding effect such as the thermal lens and strong self-guiding through gain saturation.
Supplementary Tables S1-S2 and Supplementary Figures S1-S7 from EZH2 Inhibition by Tazemetostat Results in Altered Dependency on B-cell Activation Signaling in DLBCL (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Table S1: Conditions and seeding densities of all cell lines used in studies; Table S2. Single agent IC50 values for agents tested for 3 days in 96-well plates as described in Materials and Methods; Figure S1. Tazemetostat dosing reduced H3K27me3 in tumor xenografts and is tolerated by SCID mice; Figure S2: CD40L has little effect on growth of DLBCL cell lines; Figure S3. SU-DHL-5 cells were treated for 4 days with TAZ (0.1 to 1 µM) followed by addition of 500 ng/mL CD40L at the indicated time points (1-60 minutes; Figure S4. An ABC-DLBCL gene signature (1) is up-regulated following tazemetostat treatment in KARPAS-422 (EZH2 mutant GCB), Farage (EZH2 WT GCB), SU-DHL-5 (EZH2 WT GCB), TMD8 (EZH2 WT ABC) and ABC vs. GCB gene signature was applied to RNAseq data from each cell line with and without tazemetostat treatment.; Figure S5: CD40L, but not IL-21 induces PRDM1 in combination with tazemetostat (TAZ); Figure S6. A CD40 responsive gene set (2) is up-regulated following tazemetostat treatment in KARPAS-422 (EZH2 mutant GCB), Farage (EZH2 WT GCB), SU-DHL-5 (EZH2 WT GCB), TMD8 (EZH2 WT ABC) and Basso_CD40¬_SIGNALING_UP gene signature was applied to RNAseq data from each cell line with and without tazemetostat treatment; Figure S7. Model for tazametostat mechanism of action in DLBCL&lt;/p&gt;
High-temperature stability of silver nanoparticles geometrically confined in the nanoscale pore channels of anodized aluminum oxide for SERS in harsh environments (2016)

Nanoscale pore channels of anodized aluminum oxide to endow entrapped silver nanoparticles within with structural and oxidation stability for potential surface-enhanced Raman scattering at elevated temperatures.
Analysis of a nano-pulsed DBD Plasma jet for endoscopy and impact of excitation parameters (2022)

Abstract Cold atmospheric plasma induces various dose-dependent effects on living cells, from proliferation to necrosis. These effects are of interest in the field of therapeutic flexible endoscopy, although implementing an effective plasma delivery system represents a technical challenge. This work studies the impact of critical parameters on plume intensity, delivered reactive species (RS), and current administered to the target for the use of plasma in endoscopy. A 2 m long dielectric barrier discharge plasma jet was studied upon nano-pulsed high voltage excitation to increase plasma reactivity. The peak voltage, gas gap, pulse repetition frequency, and pulse width were varied while the power dissipated by the system and the optical emissions (with imaging and spectrometry) were measured. Two configurations were compared: the first one with the plume exiting freely in air, and the second one with the plume impinging an electrical equivalent of the human body. Finally, the current flowing through the capillary was measured at regular intervals along the tube with a Rogowski coil. Results show that (a) a conductive target increases the ratio of RS produced over the dissipated power, (b) increasing the pulse repetition frequency does not improve the RS production per pulse (e.g. through a synergetic, memory effect), (c) increasing the pulse width does not influence RS production but increases the dissipated power, and (d) current linearly leaks through the tube walls, and leaks are lower with nano-pulsed compared to sinusoidal excitation. Reactance and capacitance values of the system are analyzed based on the electrical equivalent circuit approach. Finally, displacement and discharge currents are discussed to bring power dissipation mechanisms to light and compare them between configurations. The conclusions drawn are important for the future design of safe and effective endoscopic plasma devices.
Discovery of (R)-4-Cyclopropyl-7,8-difluoro-5-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenylsulfonyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]quinoline (ELND006) and (R)-4-Cyclopropyl-8-fluoro-5-(6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-ylsulfonyl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]quinoline (ELND007): Metabolically Stable γ-Secretase Inhibitors that Selectively Inhibit the Production of Amyloid-β over Notch (2013)

Herein, we describe our strategy to design metabolically stable γ-secretase inhibitors which are selective for inhibition of Aβ generation over Notch. We highlight our synthetic strategy to incorporate diversity and chirality. Compounds 30 (ELND006) and 34 (ELND007) both entered human clinical trials. The in vitro and in vivo characteristics for these two compounds are described. A comparison of inhibition of Aβ generation in vivo between 30, 34, Semagacestat 41, Begacestat 42, and Avagacestat 43 in mice is made. 30 lowered Aβ in the CSF of healthy human volunteers.
ChemInform Abstract: Coupling of 1,3‐Dienes with (Carbene)iron Complexes to Give Substituted (1,3‐Diene)Fe(CO)3 Derivatives. (1987)

Abstract The coupling reaction of (II) with dienes (I) generally gives mixtures of diastereomeric complexes (III) and (IV) (the major isomers are assumed to possess structure (III)).
Prevalence of Osteoporosis Treatment and Its Effect on Post-Operative Complications, Revision Surgery and Costs After Multi-Level Spinal Fusion (2020)

Pre-operative osteoporosis treatment is associated with lower risk of ORC and revision surgery at 1-year after ≥3-level spinal fusion. There is a low incidence of osteoporosis treatment prior to spinal fusion, and subsequently a low rate of treatment continuation after surgery. These findings highlight the need for heightened awareness, patient education and management of osteoporosis before elective multi-level spinal fusion.
Design of Antibody−Maytansinoid Conjugates Allows for Efficient Detoxification via Liver Metabolism (2011)

Antibody-maytansinoid conjugates (AMCs) are targeted chemotherapeutic agents consisting of a potent microtubule-depolymerizing maytansinoid (DM1 or DM4) attached to lysine residues of a monoclonal antibody (mAb) using an uncleavable thioether linker or a stable disulfide linker. Most of the administered dose of an antibody-based therapeutic is slowly catabolized by the liver and other tissues of the reticuloendothelial system. Maytansinoids released from an AMC during this catabolic process could potentially be a source of toxicity. To investigate this, we isolated and identified liver metabolites in mice for three different [(3)H]AMCs with structures similar to those currently undergoing evaluation in the clinic. We then synthesized each metabolite to confirm the identification and assessed their cytotoxic potencies when added extracellularly. We found that the uncleavable mAb-SMCC-[(3)H]DM1 conjugate was degraded to a single major maytansinoid metabolite, lysine-SMCC-[(3)H]DM1, that was nearly 50-fold less cytotoxic than maytansine. The two disulfide-linked conjugates, mAb-SPP-[(3)H]DM1 and mAb-SPDB-[(3)H]DM4, were also found to be catabolized to the analogous lysine-linked maytansinoid metabolites. However, subsequent reduction, S-methylation, and NADPH-dependent oxidation steps in the liver yielded the corresponding S-methyl sulfoxide and S-methyl sulfone derivatives. The cytotoxic potencies of the oxidized maytansinoids toward several human carcinoma cell lines were found to be 5- to 50-fold less potent than maytansine. Our results suggest that liver plays an important role in the detoxification of both cleavable and uncleavable AMCs.
The panoscopic approach to high performance thermoelectrics (2013)

This review discusses recent developments and current research in high performance bulk thermoelectric materials, comprising nanostructuring, mesostructuring, band alignment, band engineering and synergistically defining key strategies for boosting the thermoelectric performance. To date, the dramatic enhancements in the figure of merit achieved in bulk thermoelectric materials have come either from the reduction in lattice thermal conductivity or improvement in power factors, or both of them. Here, we summarize these relationships between very large reduction of the lattice thermal conductivity with all-scale hierarchical architecturing, large enhanced Seebeck coefficients with intra-matrix electronic structure engineering, and control of the carrier mobility with matrix/inclusion band alignment, which enhance the power factor and reduce the lattice thermal conductivity. The new concept of hierarchical compositionally alloyed nanostructures to achieve these effects is presented. Systems based on PbTe, PbSe and PbS in which spectacular advances have been demonstrated are given particular emphasis. A discussion of future possible strategies is aimed at enhancing the thermoelectric figure of merit of these materials.
Role of gene body methylation in acclimatization and adaptation in a basal metazoan (2018)

Gene body methylation (GBM) has been hypothesized to modulate responses to environmental change, including transgenerational plasticity, but the evidence thus far has been lacking. Here we show that coral fragments reciprocally transplanted between two distant reefs respond predominantly by increase or decrease in genome-wide GBM disparity: The range of methylation levels between lowly and highly methylated genes becomes either wider or narrower. Remarkably, at a broad functional level this simple adjustment correlated very well with gene expression change, reflecting a shifting balance between expressions of environmentally responsive and housekeeping genes. In our experiment, corals in a lower-quality habitat up-regulated genes involved in environmental responses, while corals in a higher-quality habitat invested more in housekeeping genes. Transplanted fragments showing closer GBM match to local corals attained higher fitness characteristics, which supports GBM's role in acclimatization. Fixed differences in GBM between populations did not align with plastic GBM changes and were mostly observed in genes with elevated <i>F</i><sub>ST</sub>, which suggests that they arose predominantly through genetic divergence. However, we cannot completely rule out transgenerational inheritance of acquired GBM states.
A modified Pixel Purity Index method for hyperspectral images (2010)

This paper discusses issues with the Pixel Purity Index (PPI) method, which is a currently popular way to find endmembers in hyperspectral images. Due to randomness of PPI, it does not produce an entirely uniform set of directions. Consequently, some directions are favored in the space of pixel vectors, resulting in biased endmember identification. To overcome this difficulty, we propose a new method of construction with non-random uniform directions, which results in a more balanced identification of endmembers. Using a family of artificial examples, we show conditions under which the new method outperforms the classic PPI. In all scenarios, the new method is at least as good as the classic PPI.
P969Impact of atrial fibrillation on patients admitted with hip fracture undergoing surgery: outcomes in the US (2005-2014) (2018)

In patients with CHA2DS2-VASc score 2, OAC was used in 81% including 68% with NOAC. In patient with CHA2DS2-VASc score = 1, OAC was used in 53% including 19% with NOAC. Variables associated with NOAC treatment were high CHA2D2-VASc score (OR 2.33; CI 95% 2.10-2.59), history of hypertension (OR=3.73; CI 95% 3.03-4.60), malignancy (OR=1.60; CI 95% 1.18-2.17), major bleeding (OR= 23.36; CI 95% 3.51-155.66), and minor bleeding (OR=7.39; CI 95% 1.08-50.77). Variable associated with warfarin treatment were female, high HAS-BLED score, diabetes mellitus, heart failure, cardioversion, CKD, ESRD.
EUV scattering and flare of 10X projection cameras (1999)

Two new Schwarzschild cameras have been fabricated for the EUV 10x microstepper. The surface topography of the mirrors was characterized over the full range of spatial frequencies both before and after multilayer coating. EUV scattering from the individual mirrors was measured and compared with the surface profilometry. A knife-edge test was used to directly measure the flare of the assembled cameras. The flare measured in this way is in excellent agreement with the contrast of isolated printed lines and with the point spread function of the camera as determined by EUV interferometry. The measured flare of the camera is also in good agreement with the flare calculated from the combined surface profile measurements of the individual mirrors. Consistent with the improvements made in the surface finish of the mirror substrates, a significant reduction in the flare is observed as compared with previously existing cameras.
Voltage-driven synchronous rectification in forward topology (2002)

The self-driven synchronous rectification (SDSR) forward topology is widely used in offline low voltage DC-DC power conversion. The major disadvantage of the SDSR forward topology is the conduction of the SR body diode when transformer reset process is over. SR body diode conduction brings excessive loss due to its high forward drop and poor reverse recovery characteristic. In this paper, a new SR drive mechanism is proposed. This drive method effectively prevents the body diode of SR from conduction with a coupled winding and several low power switches. Theoretical analysis and experimental results are shown. A 250 kHz, 48 V input, 5 V/10 A output low profile DC-DC module is designed to verify the proposed idea. 92.3% efficiency is achieved at full load typical line.
Compact remote multisensing instrument for planetary surfaces and atmospheres characterization (2013)

This paper describes a prototype feasibility demonstration system of a multipurpose Raman-fluorescence spectrograph and compact lidar system suitable for planetary sciences missions. The key measurement features of this instrument are its abilities to: i) detect minerals and organics at low levels in the dust constituents of surface, subsurface material and rocks on Mars, ii) determine the distribution of trace fluorescent ions with time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy to learn about the geological conditions under which these minerals formed, iii) inspect material toxicity from a mobile robotic platform during local site characterization, iv) measure dust aerosol and cloud distributions, v) measure near-field atmospheric carbon dioxide, and vi) identify surface CO(2)-ice, surface water ice, and surface or subsurface methane hydrate. This prototype instrument and an improved follow-on design are described and have the capability for scientific investigations discussed above, to remotely investigate geological processes from a robotic platform at more than a 20-m radial distance with potential to go beyond 100 m. It also provides single wavelength (532 nm) aerosol/cloud profiling over very long ranges (>10 km with potential to 20 km). Measurement results obtained with this prototype unit from a robotic platform and calculated potential performance are presented in this paper.
Heritability of Perinatal Depression and Genetic Overlap With Nonperinatal Depression (2020)

OBJECTIVE: The authors investigated the relative importance of genetic and environmental influences on perinatal depression, and the genetic overlap between perinatal depression and nonperinatal depression. METHOD: Analyses were conducted using structural equation modeling for 1) the lifetime version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale in 3,427 Swedish female twins and 2) clinical diagnoses of depression separated into perinatal depression and nonperinatal depression in a Swedish population-based cohort of 580,006 sisters. RESULTS: In the twin study, the heritability of perinatal depression was estimated at 54% (95% CI=35%-70%), with the remaining variance attributable to nonshared environment (46%; 95% CI=31%-65%). In the sibling design, the heritability of perinatal depression was estimated at 44% (95% CI=35%-52%) and the heritability of nonperinatal depression at 32% (95% CI=24%-41%). Bivariate analysis showed that 14% of the total variance (or 33% of the genetic variance) in perinatal depression was unique for perinatal depression. CONCLUSIONS: The heritability of perinatal depression was estimated at 54% and 44%, respectively, in separate samples, and the heritability of nonperinatal depression at 32%. One-third of the genetic contribution was unique to perinatal depression and not shared with nonperinatal depression, suggesting only partially overlapping genetic etiologies for perinatal depression and nonperinatal depression. The authors suggest that perinatal depression constitutes a subset of depression that could be prioritized for genomic discovery efforts. The study findings have direct translational impact that can assist clinicians in the counseling of their patients regarding risk and prognosis of perinatal depression.
Inhibition of Src homology 2 domain‐containing phosphatase 1 increases insulin sensitivity in high‐fat diet‐induced insulin‐resistant mice (2016)

Insulin resistance plays a crucial role in the development of type 2 diabetes. Insulin receptor signalling is antagonized and tightly controlled by protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). However, the precise role of the PTP src homology 2 domain-containing phosphatase 1 (SHP-1) in insulin resistance has not been explored. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD, 60% kcal from fat), to induce insulin resistance, or a low-fat diet (LFD, 10% kcal from fat) for 10 weeks. Afterwards, HFD-fed mice were pharmacologically treated with the SHP-1 (Ptpn6) inhibitor sodium stibogluconate and the broad spectrum pan-PTP inhibitor bis(maltolato)oxovanadium(IV) (BMOV). Both inhibitors ameliorated the metabolic phenotype, as evidenced by reduced body weight, improved insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance, which was not due to altered PTP gene expression. In parallel, phosphorylation of the insulin receptor and of the insulin signalling key intermediate Akt was enhanced, and both PTP inhibitors and siRNA-mediated SHP-1 downregulation resulted in an increased glucose uptake in vitro. Finally, recombinant SHP-1 was capable of dephosphorylating the ligand-induced tyrosine-phosphorylated insulin receptor. These results indicate a central role of SHP-1 in insulin signalling during obesity, and SHP-1 inhibition as a potential therapeutic approach in metabolic diseases.
Binarization of photographed documents image quality, processing time and size assessment (2022)

Today, over eighty percent of the world's population owns a smart-phone with an in-built camera, and they are very often used to photograph documents. Document binarization is a key process in many document processing platforms. This competition on binarizing photographed documents assessed the quality, time, space, and performance of five new algorithms and sixty-four "classical" and alternative algorithms. The evaluation dataset is composed of offset, laser, and deskjet printed documents, photographed using six widely-used mobile devices with the strobe flash on and off, under two different angles and places of capture.
Current and future immunotherapeutic approaches in Hodgkin lymphoma (2016)

Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) has become a highly curable malignancy even in advanced stages when treated adequately. However, relapsed or refractory disease and treatment-related toxicity constitute a significant clinical challenge. Innovative approaches are thus needed to improve treatment of these mainly young patients. In HL lesions, very few malignant Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells are embedded in an immunosuppressive microenvironment of reactive cells. Novel approaches such as bispecific antibodies, antibody-drug conjugates, immune-checkpoint inhibitors or adoptive cellular therapies are currently being investigated with promising results in relapsed or refractory patients. Encouraging response rates and a favorable toxicity profile have recently been reported in early phase clinical trials with antibodies blocking the programed-death receptor 1 (PD1). This review will summarize the current clinical knowledge on mechanism, safety and efficacy of the different agents and discuss potential future strategies, which are partly already investigated within clinical trials.
Implant Materials for Fracture Fixation: A Clinical Perspective (1989)

The optimum management of traumatic skeletal fractures may involve the installation of high quality surgical implants by a skilled orthopedic surgeon. Satisfactory clinical results are very dependent on the ability to maintain stable fracture fixation. Well designed contemporary implants rely on precise control of material composition and properties to achieve a well tolerated level of biological response. Metallic materials, such as 316L stainless steel, pure titanium, and titanium alloys, demonstrate an acceptable combination of strength, ductility, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility. Polymers, composites, and biodegradable materials may offer selected opportunities for fracture fixation. An understanding of relevant clinical factors is essential to evaluate potential applications for advanced materials.