gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Energy-dependent energy transfer: deactivation of azulene (S/sub 0/, E/sub vib/) by 17 collider gases (1983)

Collisional deactivation of highly vibrationally excited azulene in the electronic ground state was investigated using infrared fluorescence detection. Azulene (S/sub 0/, E) was prepared with Eapprox. =17 500 cm/sup -1/ and Eapprox. =30 600 cm/sup -1/ by laser excitation at 600 and 337 nm, respectively. Advantage was taken of the fast internal conversion rate to S/sub 0/ azulene from S/sub 1/(600 nm) and S/sub 2/(337 nm) electronic states. The collider gases investigated are He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, H/sub 2/, D/sub 2/, N/sub 2/, CO, O/sub 2/, CO/sub 2/, H/sub 2/O, NH/sub 3/, CH/sub 4/, SF/sub 6/, n-C/sub 4/H/sub 10/, and unexcited azulene. The results are expressed in terms of , the average energy transferred per collision, which can depend on the vibrational excitation energy E of the azulene. Using previously obtained knowledge of the dependence of infrared fluorescence intensity on E (M. J. Rossi and J. R. Barker, Chem. Phys. Lett. 85, 21 (1982)), two methods were used to obtain values from the fluorescence decay curves: (1) an approximate method that considered only the average energy, and (2) solution of the full collisional master equation. Both methods gave values that depend strongly on E. The limited experimentalmore » information on the identity of the energy-transfer processes operative in the deactivation of azulene is discussed. Additional experimental results on vibration-to-vibration energy transfer from azulene to CO/sub 2/ are presented, which indicate that the emission at 4.3 ..mu..m observed previously (J. R. Barker, M. J. Rossi, and J. R. Pladziewicz, Chem. Phys. Lett. 90, 99 (1982)) originates not only from CO/sub 2/(001), but from other states with one quantum of excitation in ..nu../sub 3/. The experimental results are discussed in terms of models for energy transfer, which have appeared in the literature. It is concluded that only a superficial understanding exists and theory has lagged far behind experiments on energy transfer.« less
Number Theoretical Means Of Resolving A Mixture Of Several Harmonic Sounds (1998)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Rhodes, Greece, 1998
Telecom scenarios for the 4th Generation Wireless Infrastructures (1998)

Telecommunication infrastructure deployment, in contrast to the rest of the communication area, is a slow and costly process, demanding a long-range strategic perspective in decision making. Determining key issues for strategic research in this area is thus very important. This paper describes detailed work to that aim, within the PCC project. The aim was to find possible scenarios for the 4th Generation Wireless Infrastructures (4GW) around year 2010 and to determine their implications on the direction of research in wireless communications. In this scenario work, a number of trends were created based on the current state of technology, economy and politics. These trends are verified by using Delphi methods. Based on these trends and additional research, three vivid scenarios are built, which picture different ways the trends may develop, The scenarios are called: &amp;quot;Big Brother Scenario&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Anything-Goes Scenario&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Pocket Computing Scenario&amp;quot;. At the end, the paper discusses the imp...
Detectivity Optimization of InGaAs Photon Emission Microscope Systems (2006)

Although photon emission microscope (PEM) systems are widely used in integrated circuit failure analysis, there is no known quantitative baseline to assess and compare the overall sensitivity performance of PEM systems. This paper describes a method to quantify the overall sensitivity of PEM systems based on spectral detectivity measurements. It has been applied to HgCdTe (MCT) and InGaAs PEM systems. It is also applied to an InGaAs PEM system to quantify the change in the detectivity of the InGaAs PEM system as the temperature of the detector changes. The method is also used to compare the signal to noise ratio of an emission image by normal time integration with digital integration where many frames of an emission image is added up to produce a single emission image
Repeat sequence chromosome specific nucleic acid probes and methods of preparing and using (2023)

A primer directed DNA amplification method to isolate efficiently chromosome-specific repeated DNA wherein degenerate oligonucleotide primers are used is disclosed. The probes produced are a heterogeneous mixture that can be used with blocking DNA as a chromosome-specific staining reagent, and/or the elements of the mixture can be screened for high specificity, size and/or high degree of repetition among other parameters. The degenerate primers are sets of primers that vary in sequence but are substantially complementary to highly repeated nucleic acid sequences, preferably clustered within the template DNA, for example, pericentromeric alpha satellite repeat sequences. The template DNA is preferably chromosome-specific. Exemplary primers ard probes are disclosed. The probes of this invention can be used to determine the number of chromosomes of a specific type in metaphase spreads, in germ line and/or somatic cell interphase nuclei, micronuclei and/or in tissue sections. Also provided is a method to select arbitrarily repeat sequence probes that can be screened for chromosome-specificity.
Benzo[ a ]pyrene Reduces Testosterone Production in Rat Leydig Cells via a Direct Disturbance of Testicular Steroidogenic Machinery (2011)

B[a]P exposure can decrease epididymal sperm quality, possibly by disturbing testosterone levels, and StAR may be a major steroidogenic protein that is targeted by B[a]P or other PAHs.
Structure-activity relationships of aminoalkyl and -aryl glycosides having insulin-like activity (1978)

A number of alkyl, aryl, and aralkyl glycosides (mono- and disaccharides) substituted in the aglycon with a primary amino group have been found to exert insulin-like activity on rat adipocytes in vitro. Systematic variations in the saccharide configuration, glycosidic linkage, aglycon moiety, and sugar substitution pattern were investigated to delineate structure-activity relationships. A high degree of structural specificity was observed. Maximal insulin mimicking activity was obtained with the 6-aminohexyl 1-thio-D-mannopyranosides; the beta anomer was more active than the alpha anomer. Modification of the sugar hydroxyl groups resulted, in most cases, in partial or complete loss of biological activity at the levels tested; however, in a few instances, sugar-modified derivatives did show enhanced insulin-like effects. Specific structural types evaluated are discussed in greater detail. 6-Aminohexyl 1-thio-beta-D-mannopyramoside also exhibited in vivo insulin-like effects on both diaphragm muscle and omental adipose tissues. The specificities for the sugar as well as the aglycon portions of these carbohydrate derivatives suggest that both parts of the molecule are involved in the expression of the full biological activity observed; their respective roles in the mechanism of the insulin-like activity are discussed.
Design and Optimization of Tricyclic Phtalimide Analogues as Novel Inhibitors of HIV-1 Integrase (2004)

Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 integrase is an essential enzyme for effective viral replication and hence a valid target for the design of inhibitors. We report here on the design and synthesis of a novel series of phthalimide analogues as integrase inhibitors. The short synthetic pathway enabled us to synthesize a series of analogues with a defined structure diversity. The presence of a single carbonyl-hydroxy-aromatic nitrogen motif was shown to be essential for the enzymatic activity and this was confirmed by molecular docking studies. The enzymatically most active compound from this series is 7-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)-5,9-dihydroxypyrrolo[3,4-g]quinoxaline-6,8-dione (15l) with an IC(50) value of 112 nM on the HIV-1 integrase enzyme, while ((7-(4-chlorobenzyl)-5,9-dihydroxy-pyrrolo[3,4-g]quinoxaline-6,8-dione (15k)) showed an EC(50) of 270 nM against HIV-1 in a cell-based assay.
Draft Genome Sequence of Marine-Derived Bacillus subtilis TP-B0611, a Producer of Bacilosarcins and Amicoumacins (2016)

Here, we report the draft genome sequence of Bacillus subtilis TP-B0611, which produces the isocoumarin-type compounds bacilosarcin and amicoumacin. The genome encodes three nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) gene clusters and one hybrid polyketide synthase (PKS)/NRPS gene cluster. The hybrid PKS/NRPS gene cluster was identified to be responsible for the biosynthesis of bacilosarcins and amicoumacins.
MEK1 signaling mediates transformation and metastasis of EpH4 mammary epithelial cells independent of an epithelial to mesenchymal transition. (2002)

Activation of the mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase (MEK)-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is a frequent event in tumorigenesis, and analysis of human breast carcinomas demonstrates that 25-50% of these tumors express elevated levels of activated MAPK1/2. However, a direct role for MEK1 in regulating the invasive and metastatic potential of mammary epithelial cells remains to be established. To directly address the role of constitutive MEK1 signaling in transformation, we have selected the murine mammary epithelial cell line, EpH4, as a model system. EpH4 cells expressing constitutively activated MEK1 display invasive growth in 3-dimensional collagen gels and enhanced motility, and metastatic potential in modified Boyden chamber assays. Furthermore, analysis of markers of normal epithelial morphology by immunofluorescence revealed reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, and mislocalization of beta-catenin and ZO-1 away from sites of cell-cell contact. However, in contrast to expectations, these changes occurred independently of an epithelial to mesenchymal transition, a change seen frequently in transformed epithelial cells. Moreover, transplantation of EpH4 cells expressing constitutively activated MEK1 into the cleared mammary fat pads of immune-competent hosts rapidly produced tumors that were highly invasive, well vascularized, and readily metastasized to distant organs. Gene expression profiling was performed to identify the downstream targets of MEK1 signaling. Constitutive MEK1 induced the expression of genes involved in proliferation and of matrix metalloproteinases, which regulate invasion and metastasis. These results demonstrate that constitutively activated MEK1 brings about robust tumorigenic changes in murine mammary epithelial cells, and mediates their invasiveness and metastasis in vivo without a requirement for epithelial to mesenchymal transition.
An advanced SiC nuclear radiation detector (2002)

This paper reports low noise, high charge collection efficiency, resolution, room temperature, self-biased operation of 3-8 /spl mu/m thick, epitaxially grown, SiC Schottky and pn junction diode detectors fabricated on n+ 4H-SiC substrates. These devices are also shown, for the first time, to have a linear gamma ray response. The thin active region used not only eliminates the problems with material purity, but also allows the device to be tailored for specific applications. For instance, the gamma ray sensitivity of detectors for reactor control applications, can be minimized because the gamma ray signal (produced over the entire volume of a bulk detector) is limited by the thin active region whereas the neutron-induced charged-particle signal (produced near the surface) is not. Finally, the high resolution of these devices (comparable to silicon detectors) enables discrimination between neutron, gamma ray and fission fragment spectra and should prove useful in other nuclear radiation detection applications.
Remotely prepared structured wave lattices (2022)

Spin-orbit entangled photon states with a 2D lattice structure are generated and implemented in a remote state preparation protocol. These novel structured waves provide a method for quantum sensing and manipulation of periodic structures.
Optical and scintillation properties of Cd-doped ZnO film (2014)

In the present study, we developed high crystalline quality Cd 2+ -doped ZnO (Cd:ZnO) scintillator by the liquid phase epitaxy (LPE) method to enhance the defect related emission in ZnO for α-ray detectors. In order to imitate the scintillator application, we investigated α-ray induced radio luminescence spectrum and emission bands peaking around 380 and 500 nm were observed, and the latter one was largely enhanced when compared with pure ZnO. Then, we optically coupled the sample with PMT R7600 by Silicone grease, and irradiated 241 Am 5.5 MeV α-ray. Cd:ZnO showed about 700% light yield of pure ZnO scintillator and the total light yield turned out to be 18000 photons/5.5 MeV-α. The main component of the scintillation decay time constants turned out to be ∼1 ns and 2 µs due to the free exciton and the defect related emissions, respectively.
Expanding multiviral reactive T cells from cord blood (2009)

In this article, Hanley and colleagues describe a novel method to rapidly expand polyclonal populations of viral reactive CTLs from naive cord blood T cells that target CMV, adenovirus, and EBV.(1).
Gadolinium loaded plastic scintillators for high efficiency neutron detection (2009)

Gadolinium has the highest thermal neutron absorption cross section of any naturally occurring element, and emits conversion electrons as well as atomic X-rays in over 50% of its neutron captures, which makes it a useful dopant in scintillators for detecting thermal neutrons. Gadolinium isopropoxide was studied as a possible dopant for styrene-based plastic scintillators as a convenient and inexpensive method to produce high-efficiency thermal neutron detectors. Plastic scintillators with gadolinium weight concentrations of up to 3% were transparent, uniform and defect-free and were characterized with spectral measurements performed under x-ray and neutron irradiation. The new material has the same characteristic emission of styrene with a maximum at approximately 425 nm, and a light output of 76% relative to the undoped plastic. A 13 mm thick sample containing 0.5% gadolinium by weight detected 46% of incident thermal neutrons, which makes this an attractive material for a variety of applications.
The Protein Farnesyltransferase Inhibitor Tipifarnib as a New Lead for the Development of Drugs against Chagas Disease (2005)

Tipifarnib (R115777), an inhibitor of human protein farnesyltransferase (PFT), is shown to be a highly potent inhibitor of Trypanosoma cruzi growth (ED(50) = 4 nM). Surprisingly, this is due to the inhibition of cytochrome P450 sterol 14-demethylase (CYP51, EC 1.14.13.70). Homology models of the T. cruzi CYP51 were used for the prediction of the binding modes of the substrate lanosterol and of Tipifarnib, providing a basis for the design of derivatives with selectivity for TcCYP51 over human PFT.
Size-dependent modulation of carrier mobility in top-down fabricated silicon nanowires (2009)

We have investigated the size dependence of field-effect mobility in top-down fabricated Si nanowires (NWs). We find that electron mobility increases while hole mobility decreases with the NW width. The observed trends are opposite of what we expect based on facet-dominated transport. We simulate charge densities and investigate the effect of gate stack-induced stress in an effort to explain these trends. We find that the use of piezoresistive coefficients for bulk or thin-film Si does not give sufficient change in mobility to reverse the facet-driven mobility trend. We suggest further investigation into the contribution of one-dimensional NW corner effects.
Majority-based Design Flow for AQFP Superconducting Family (2022)

Adiabatic superconducting devices are promising candidates to develop high-speed/low-power electronics. Advances in physical technology must be matched with a systematic development of comprehensive design and simulation tools to bring superconducting electronics to a commercially viable state. Being the technology fundamentally different from CMOS, new challenges are posed to design automation tools: library cells are controlled by multi-phase clocks, they implement the majority logic function, and they have limited fanout. We present a product-level RTL-to-GDSII flow for the design of Adiabatic Quantum-Flux-Parametron (AQFP) electronic circuits, with a focus on the special techniques used to comply with these challenges. In addition, we demonstrate new optimization opportunities for graph matching, resynthesis, and buffer/splitter insertion, improving the state-of-the-art.
Data from <i>In Vivo</i> Tracking of Adoptively Transferred Natural Killer Cells in Rhesus Macaques Using <sup>89</sup>Zirconium-Oxine Cell Labeling and PET Imaging (2023)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;Trials of adoptive natural killer (NK)-cell immunotherapy for hematologic malignancies have thus far shown only marginal effects, despite the potent &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; antitumor activity of these cells. Homing of infused cells to tumor microenvironments is critical for efficacy, but has not been well characterized. We established a novel method to track and quantify the distribution of adoptively transferred NK cells using rhesus macaques (RM) as a clinically relevant preclinical model.&lt;/p&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;p&gt;RM NK cells were expanded &lt;i&gt;ex vivo&lt;/i&gt; for 14–21 days, labeled with &lt;sup&gt;89&lt;/sup&gt;Zr-oxine complex, and assessed for phenotype, function, and survival. Trafficking of &lt;sup&gt;89&lt;/sup&gt;Zr-labeled &lt;i&gt;ex vivo&lt;/i&gt;–expanded NK cells infused into RMs was monitored and quantitated by serial positron emission tomography (PET)/CT (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 3, 2.05 ± 0.72 MBq, 23.5 ± 2.0 × 10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt; NK cells/kg) and compared with that of &lt;sup&gt;89&lt;/sup&gt;Zr-labeled nonexpanded NK cells, apoptotic NK cells, and hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC).&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;NK cells retained sufficient levels of &lt;sup&gt;89&lt;/sup&gt;Zr for accurate &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; tracking for 7 days. &lt;sup&gt;89&lt;/sup&gt;Zr labeling did not alter cellular phenotype, viability, or function. PET/CT showed NK cells initially localized in the lungs, followed by their migration to the liver, spleen, and, at low levels, bone marrow. One day following transfer, only 3.4% of infused NK cells localized to the BM versus 22.1% of HSPCs. No clinical side effects were observed, and dosimetry analysis indicated low organ radioexposures of 6.24 mSv/MBq (spleen) or lower.&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;These data support translation of this technique to humans to track the distribution of adoptively infused cells and to develop novel techniques to improve immune cell homing to tumor microenvironments.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Towards noninvasive estimation of tumour pressure by utilising MR elastography and nonlinear biomechanical models: a simulation and phantom study (2020)

The solid and fluid pressures of tumours are often elevated relative to surrounding tissue. This increased pressure is known to correlate with decreased treatment efficacy and potentially with tumour aggressiveness and therefore, accurate noninvasive estimates of tumour pressure would be of great value. We present a proof-of-concept method to infer the total tumour pressure, that is the sum of the fluid and solid parts, by examining stiffness in the peritumoural tissue with MR elastography and utilising nonlinear biomechanical models. The pressure from the tumour deforms the surrounding tissue leading to changes in stiffness. Understanding and accounting for these biases in stiffness has the potential to enable estimation of total tumour pressure. Simulations are used to validate the method with varying pressure levels, tumour shape, tumour size, and noise levels. Results show excellent matching in low noise cases and still correlate well with higher noise. Percent error remains near or below 10% for higher pressures in all noise level cases. Reconstructed pressures were also calculated from experiments with a catheter balloon embedded in a plastisol phantom at multiple inflation levels. Here the reconstructed pressures generally match the increases in pressure measured during the experiments. Percent errors between average reconstructed and measured pressures at four inflation states are 17.9%, 52%, 23.2%, and 0.9%. Future work will apply this method to in vivo data, potentially providing an important biomarker for cancer diagnosis and treatment.
Multiple hormonal control of pars intermedia cell activity (1983)

In rat pars intermedia cells, the rate of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) secretion was so far known to result from a balance between the stimulatory effect of beta-adrenergic agonists and the inhibitory influence of dopaminergic substances. Recently, we have identified a second stimulatory substance, namely corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF). CRF is a potent stimulator of pars intermedia adenylate cyclase activity, cAMP accumulation and alpha-MSH release. A requirement for calcium ions was observed on basal as well as on CRF-induced alpha-MSH secretion. The beta-adrenergic and CRF effects on adenylate cyclase activity, as well as the dopamine inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity, are potentiated by guanine nucleotides (GTP). Stimulation of the beta-adrenergic receptor with isoproterenol causes a rapid loss in cAMP responsiveness, which can be completely blocked by beta-adrenergic antagonists and partially prevented by dopamine. These findings suggest that CRF should now be considered, in addition to beta-adrenergic agents, as a stimulator of the activity of pars intermedia cells and that cAMP is also involved as mediator of its action. Changes of receptor sensitivity, as well as interaction of the two stimulatory receptors with the inhibitory dopaminergic receptor, are involved in the fine control of pars intermedia cell activity. All three receptors appear to exert their action through a common pathway, namely changes of adenylate cyclase activity.
Inhibition of lung cancer growth: ATP citrate lyase knockdown and statin treatment leads to dual blockade of mitogen‐activated protein Kinase (MAPK) and Phosphatidylinositol‐3‐kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathways (2011)

ATP citrate lyase (ACL) catalyzes the conversion of cytosolic citrate to acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate. A definitive role for ACL in tumorigenesis has emerged from ACL RNAi and chemical inhibitor studies, showing that ACL inhibition limits tumor cell proliferation and survival and induces differentiation in vitro. In vivo, it reduces tumor growth leading to a cytostatic effect and induces differentiation. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood and agents that could enhance the efficacy of ACL inhibition have not been identified. Our studies focus on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) lines, which show phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT activation secondary to a mutation in the K-Ras gene or the EGFR gene. Here we show that ACL knockdown promotes apoptosis and differentiation, leading to the inhibition of tumor growth in vivo. Moreover, in contrast to most studies, which elucidate how activation/suppression of signaling pathways can modify metabolism, we show that inhibition of a metabolic pathway "reverse signals" and attenuates PI3K/AKT signaling. Additionally, we find that statins, inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, which act downstream of ACL in the cholesterol synthesis pathway, dramatically enhance the anti-tumor effects of ACL inhibition, even regressing established tumors. With statin treatment, both PI3K/AKT and the MAPK pathways are affected. Moreover, this combined treatment is able to reduce the growth of EGF receptor resistant tumor cell types. Given the essential role of lipid synthesis in numerous cancers, this work may impact therapy in a broad range of tumors.