gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spectral hole burning simulation and experimental verification in long-haul WDM systems (2003)

The effect of spectral hole burning on long-haul WDM systems was simulated and measured on installed transatlantic link. Changes in end-to-end system gain versus number and wavelength of channels were evaluated. Modeling results are in good agreement with experimental data.
SEASONAL PATTERN OF CHILDHOOD VIRAL LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS IN MELBOURNE (1980)

Respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza viruses are the major pathogens in acute lower respiratory infection in infants and younger children. They show distinct seasonal patterns. An annual epidemic of respiratory syncytial virus infection is seen in Melbourne and this coincides with the coldest months of the year. Parainfluenza virus Type 1, the most frequent cause of laryngotracheobronchitis, occurs as an autumn epidemic every second year. Parainfluenza virus Types 2 and 3 are present most years and do not show a clear seasonal pattern.
Stress Degrades Prefrontal Cortex Neuronal Coding of Goal-Directed Behavior (2016)

Stress, pervasive in modern society, impairs prefrontal cortex (PFC)-dependent cognitive processes, an action implicated in multiple psychopathologies and estimated to contribute to nearly half of all work place accidents. However, the neurophysiological bases for stress-related impairment of PFC-dependent function remain poorly understood. The current studies examined the effects of stress on PFC neural coding during a working memory task in rats. Stress suppressed responses of medial PFC (mPFC) neurons strongly tuned to a diversity of task events, including delay and outcome (reward, error). Stress-related impairment of task-related neuronal activity included multidimensional coding by PFC neurons, an action that significantly predicted cognitive impairment. Importantly, the effects of stress on PFC neuronal signaling were highly conditional on tuning strength: stress increased task-related activity in the larger population of PFC neurons weakly tuned to task events. Combined, stress elicits a profound collapse of task representations across the broader population of PFC neurons.
Distributed power source using low energy nuclear reactions (2013)

This project is focused on development of a revolutionary new distributed nuclear power unit using Low Energy Nuclear Reactions (LENRs). This will allow small power units that represent a vital new power supply for both home and light industry power. Due to the low energy of reactants, the compound nucleus formed in LENR has little excess energy, thus the resulting breakout products are mainly channeled into stable or near-stable products, avoiding significant radioactivity or nuclear waste problems. Such a power source enables a tremendous advantage in energy density, lifetime, and tolerance to wide differences in environmental conditions (temperature, pressure). Compared to other renewable power units, LENR units offer significant technical and economic advantages. During the past decade, extensive experimental and theoretical work has been done worldwide to study the LENR phenomena and to understand its underlying physics. At ICCF-17 several companies announced progress on gas loaded nickel nano-particle units designed for MW size plants. Others, including LENUCO LLC., are working on development of small 10's of kW units. Physically these power units are very simple. Special Ni alloy nano-particle is placed in a pressure vessel which is then pressurized to 60-100 psi with hydrogen to initiate the reaction. With pressure control, these units are expected to run for several years, before replacement of the nano-particles is required due to build up of transmutation products. Replacement is simply done by substitution of a new cylinder containing fresh particles while the used particles are recycled for use in fresh nano-particles. Our results in terms of energy gain from the pressurized nano-particles are among the best reported to date [1, 2]. The main obstacle to development of a practical unit is preventing the hot nanoparticles from overheating and agglomerating together, limiting unit run time [3]. Thus present work is focused on overcoming that problemas well as further development of the technology needed for a practical power unit. A gas loading system has been devised using a nickel based alloy nano-particle that provides a large output of heat when pressurized to 60~100 psi with hydrogen (alternately deuterium gas using a Pd rich version of the nano-particle alloy can be used).The discovery at the University of Illinois of the existence of Ultra-High-Density clusters inside the host material is a break-through development [1].Both experimental and theoretical studies have demonstrated that the hydrogen atoms in these clusters (almost metallic hydrogen) are close enough together that diffusion of another atom into the cluster transfers sufficient momentum to create a nuclear transmutation reaction with the hydrogen and host nickel atoms. Incorporating these clusters into the material has resulted in excess heat experiments that reproducibly producing orders of magnitude more heat energy out than energy in. However, as noted earlier, run times are currently limited to hours by the onset of nano-particle agglomeration.
Ligation of the Renal Pedicle During Laparoscopic Nephrectomy: A Comparison of Staples, Clips, and Sutures (1993)

Evaluation of the role of staples, clips, and sutures for laparoscopic ligation of the renal artery revealed that occluding the renal artery with three, 9 mm titanium clips is as secure as occluding the renal artery with standard 2-0 and 0-silk ligatures. However, a triple staggered line of 2.5 mm staples placed across the renal artery was not as secure as either clips or silk sutures. The authors also studied eight female farm pigs who underwent laparoscopic nephroureterectomy with en masse stapled occlusion of the renal hilum. In one animal, an arteriovenous fistula was documented 6 months postoperatively. Currently, when laparoscopically occluding the renal hilum, the authors recommend a thorough dissection of the renal artery and renal vein; each should then be separately occluded so that three individually placed titanium clips remain on the stump of the renal artery and on the renal vein.
Idiotype vaccination for Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (2011)

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (Intervention). The objectives are as follows: In order to evaluate the therapeutical benefit of idiotype vaccination in the treatment of NHL we will particularly analyse overall survival (OS) as the primary endpoint; as well as progression‐free survival (PFS), response rate, treatment‐related mortality, adverse events and quality of life as secondary endpoints. We will analyse these outcome parameters critically and systematically with respect to different vaccine formulations, dosages or time schedules in the experimental arm and placebo or no other treatment in the control arm.
Study of Laser Backside Ohmic Contact Formation of SiC-Ni Interface to Evaluate the Process Influence on the Electrical Characteristics (2022)

Within this paper, we will present the results of a study on the ohmic contact formation process with nanosecond (ns) pulsed UV lasers. For the study we compared two laser processes: The base line process with a 100-300 ns pulsed laser with Gaussian beam profile and the 3D-Micromac AG process with a 50-100 ns pulsed laser with top hat beam profile. The forward voltage characteristics at wafer level was analyzed and proves a clear benefit of the top hat laser process. Besides, the forward voltage characteristics of a second run was performed to analyze the influence of increasing energy density to the electrical characteristic of heat sensitive front side structures. Also with high energy density no negative influence could be detected.
A new route for the synthesis of pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepine antibiotics via oxidation of cyclic secondary amine (1996)

The synthesis of the imine-containing pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepine DNA–binding antitumour antibiotics was achieved by a new method of oxidation of cyclic secondary amines which does not endanger the stereochemical integrity of the C-11a position.
Vessel segmentation in images of optical coherence tomography using shadow information and thickening of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer (2013)

The correct segmentation of blood vessels in optical coherence tomography (OCT) images is an important requirement for better diagnosis of many retinal diseases. Although OCT blood vessel segmentation is often performed by applying vessel detection methods on 2D projection of OCT datasets, some papers investigate the vessel segmentation on OCT slices. The presence of shadows in outer retinal layers is established as the main factor for vessel localization; however, the shadow information fails to localize many important blood vessels. The proposed method is based on anatomical changes of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer (RNFL) in presence of vessels. In this paper we find the thickening of RNFL by applying a layer segmentation algorithm on OCT slices and combine this information with shadow localization. Furthermore, a vessel detection method based on curvelet transform is also applied on 2D projection of OCTs to be added to localized vessels from OCTs. The results show that combination of vessel detection on 2D projection with vessel localization on OCTs can improve the accuracy up to 0.96 which is promisingly higher than older methods.
Suicide as a Work Accident (1995)

Abstract Suicide by definition is a purposeful and intentional act of self-slaughter and, as such, has not the intrinsic characteristics of an accident. The latter is an unexpected, non-intentional act. Nevertheless, in Israel, on various occasions during the last decade, suicide has been accepted by the courts as a compensatable work accident. A series of cases is presented, together with detailed discussion of the role of the psychiatric expert when dealing with this specific medico-legal issue.
Identification and characterization of chondrogenic progenitor cells in the fascia of postnatal skeletal muscle (2011)

Intramuscular injection of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) has been shown to induce ectopic bone formation. A chondrogenic phase is typically observed in this process, which suggests that there may exist a chondrogenic subpopulation of cells residing in skeletal muscle. Two prospective cell populations were isolated from rat skeletal muscle: fascia-derived cells (FDCs), extracted from gluteus maximus muscle fascia (epimysium) and muscle-derived cells (MDCs) isolated from the muscle body. Both populations were investigated for their cell surface marker profiles (flowcytometry analysis), proliferation rates as well as their myogenic and chondrogenic potentials. The majority of FDCs expressed mesenchymal stromal cell markers but not endothelial cell markers. FDCs underwent chondrogenic differentiation after BMP4 treatment in vitro, but not myogenic differentiation. Although MDCs showed chondrogenic potential, they expressed the myogenic cell marker desmin and readily underwent myogenic differentiation in vitro; however, the chondrogenic potential of the MDCs is confounded by the presence of FDC-like cells residing in the muscle perimysium and endomysium. To clarify the role of the muscle-derived myogenic cells in chondrogenesis, mixed pellets with varying ratios of FDCs and L6 myoblasts were formed and studied for chondrogenic potential. Our results indicated that the chondrogenic potential of the mixed pellets decreased with the increased ratio of myogenic cells to FDCs supporting the role of FDCs in chondrogenesis. Taken together, our results suggest that non-myogenic cells residing in the fascia of skeletal muscle have a strong chondrogenic potential and may represent a novel donor cell source for cartilage regeneration and repair.
Assessment Of Traffic Air Pollution UsingCombined Traffic, Air Pollution AndMeteorological Data In The City Of Athens (2004)

It is well known that vehicles contribute to harmful air pollution in busy towns and cities. The correlation between traffic, air pollution and meteorological parameters in the city of Athens has been examined in this work. Approximately 3,000,000 vehicles circulate on the roads of Athens, of which the vast majority are private cars. Car occupancy is reaching only 1.4 passengers/vehicle, which leads to chaotic traffic conditions and health problems due to near ground air pollution. In order to have an overview of the impact of traffic on the urban air pollution level two main tasks were performed in the frame of a European Union project a) Collation and analysis of already existing air pollution, traffic and meteorological data and b) On field measurements on two typical roads (street canyon and open road) and on an urban background site. Traffic measurements were carried out during summer period (13-23 July 2003) while air pollution and meteorological parameters were recorded on a continuous basis. Spatial and temporal variations as well as the correlation of the above parameters have been examined. The above mentioned work led to interesting results regarding the way that the urban environment affects the pollution level and the dissemination of the air pollutants in the city area.
Treatment of Radial Head Fractures with a Modular Metallic Radial Head Replacement (2017)

Longstaffe, Robert MD, BSc1,a; King, Graham J.W. MD, MSc, FRCSC2,b; Marsh, Jonathan P. MD, FRCSC1,c Author Information
Novel Reference Region Model Reveals Increased Microglial and Reduced Vascular Binding of 11C-(R)-PK11195 in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease (2008)

The reduction of VbT in AD can be interpreted as a consequence of 2 independent but concurring phenomena. The vascular fibrosis in the AD brain causes the well-documented decrease of the size of lumens and the reduction of blood volume. At the same time, the fibrotic process determines the loss of vascular PBBS, particularly in smooth muscles, as here documented by immunochemistry. The inclusion of the additional vascular component in the SRTM effectively models these 2 concurrent processes and amplifies the BP in AD more than in controls because of the decrease in tracer binding to the vasculature in the disease cohort.
Electric Dipoles and Ionic Conductivity in a Na+Glass Electrolyte (2016)

Glass, unlike a crystalline solid, contains atoms and molecules that do not occupy fixed positions. A glass that contains molecules that attract one another can age with time. We report such a glass that contains A2O and (OA)− electric dipoles (A = Li or Na). At a temperature T < 1.2Tg ≈ 110°C (Tg is the glass transition temperature) the electric dipoles coalesce with time into clusters within which, unlike in ice, some dipoles condense into ferroelectric, negatively charged molecules locally charge-compensated by weakly attracted A+ ions. In an applied electric field, the dipoles are oriented and, over time depending on the T < 110°C, are aligned parallel to the field axis to yield a solid A+ electrolyte with an ionic conductivity σi > 10−2 S cm−1 and a huge dielectric constant that makes it suitable for many applications, including safe rechargeable batteries of high energy density and long cycle life.
Notification, Disruption, and Memory: Effects of Messaging Interruptions on Memory and Performance. (2001)

: We describe a study on the influence of instant messaging (IM) on ongoing computing tasks. The study both replicates and extends earlier work on the cost of sending notifications at different times and the sensitivity of different tasks to interruption. We investigate alternative hypotheses about the nature of disruption for a list evaluation task, an activity identified as being particularly costly to interrupt. Our findings once again show the generally disruptive effects of IM, especially during fast, stimulus-driven search tasks. In addition, we show that interruptions coming early during a search task are more likely to result in the user forgetting the primary task goal than interruptions that arrive later on. These findings have implications for the design of user interfaces and notification policies that minimize the disruptiveness of notifications. Keywords: Notifications, user study, interruptions, information overload, divided attention 1 Introduction With the adv...
Controlled Recognition Bounds for Scaling and Occlusion Channels (2011)

Summary form only given. In this article the simplest task (binary decision) for channels subject to scaling and occlusion phenomena, ubiquitous in remote sensing and imaging data is discussed. In order to extend Rate-Distortion theory, the tradeoff between decision performance (expected risk) and resources ("rate") is characterized. In the presence of scaling and occlusions, in order to trade off the expected risk, it is necessary to exercise control on the sensing process. Thus the natural generalization of "rate" is not the volume of the data provided by the sensor, but the amount of control authority that can be exercised on it, measured by the volume of the reachable set and the energy of the input.
Developing a Graph Analytics Code : An Analysis of the Chapel Programming Environment. (2021)

Abstract not provided.
Protein Interaction Networks of Catalytically Active and Catalytically Inactive PqsE in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2022)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a human pathogen that relies on quorum sensing to establish infections. The PqsE quorum-sensing protein is required for P. aeruginosa virulence factor production and infection. PqsE has a reported enzymatic function in the biosynthesis of the quorum-sensing autoinducer called PQS. However, this activity is redundant because, in the absence of PqsE, this role is fulfilled by alternative thioesterases. Rather, PqsE drives P. aeruginosa pathogenic traits via a protein-protein interaction with the quorum-sensing receptor/transcription factor RhlR, an interaction that enhances the affinity of RhlR for target DNA sequences. PqsE catalytic activity is dispensable for interaction with RhlR. Thus, the virulence function of PqsE can be decoupled from its catalytic function. Here, we present an immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry method employing enhanced green fluorescent protein-PqsE fusions to define the protein interactomes of wild-type PqsE and the catalytically inactive PqsE(D73A) variant in P. aeruginosa and their dependence on RhlR. Several proteins were identified to have specific interactions with wild-type PqsE while not forming associations with PqsE(D73A). In the Δ<i>rhlR</i> strain, an increased number of specific PqsE interactors were identified, including the partner autoinducer synthase for RhlR, called RhlI. Collectively, these results suggest that specific protein-protein interactions depend on PqsE catalytic activity and that RhlR may prevent proteins from interacting with PqsE, possibly due to competition between RhlR and other proteins for PqsE binding. Our results provide a foundation for the identification of the <i>in vivo</i> PqsE catalytic function and, potentially, new proteins involved in P. aeruginosa quorum sensing. <b>IMPORTANCE</b> Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes hospital-borne infections in vulnerable patients, including immunocompromised individuals, burn victims, and cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. There are no effective treatments for P. aeruginosa infections, which are usually broadly resistant to antibiotics. Animal models show that, to establish infection and to cause illness, P. aeruginosa relies on an interaction between two proteins, namely, PqsE and RhlR. There could be additional protein-protein interactions involving PqsE, which, if defined, could be exploited for the design of new therapeutic strategies to combat P. aeruginosa. Here, we reveal previously unknown protein interactions in which PqsE participates, which will be investigated for potential roles in pathogenesis.
Mad3 Negatively Regulates B Cell Differentiation in the Spleen by Inducing Id2 Expression (2010)

Immature B cells migrate to the spleen where they differentiate into mature cells. This final maturation step is crucial to enable B cells to become responsive to antigens and to participate in the immune response. Previously, we showed that Id2 acts as a negative regulator of the differentiation of immature B cells occurring in the spleen. Id2 expression has been found to depend on Myc-Max-Mad transcriptional complexes in mammary epithelial cells. Nearly all studies to date have shown that Mad proteins inhibit proliferation, presumably by antagonizing the function of Myc proteins. In the current study, we followed the Mad family members during peripheral B cell differentiation. We show that Mad3 actively regulates B cell differentiation. Our results demonstrate that high expression levels of Mad3 in immature B cells induce Id2 expression, which inhibits transcription of genes essential for B cell differentiation. During their differentiation to mature cells, B cells reduce their Mad3 expression, enabling the maturation process to occur.
Chemical-Looping Combustion for Combined Cycles With CO2 Capture (2006)

Chemical-Looping Combustion (CLC) is a process where fuel oxidation is carried out through an intermediate agent—a metal oxide—circulated across two fluidized bed reactors: a reduction reactor, where an endothermic reaction reduces the metal oxide and oxidizes the fuel, and an oxidation reactor, where an exothermic reaction oxidizes the metal oxide in air. Overall, the system carries out the same job of a conventional combustor, with the fundamental advantage of segregating the oxidation products (CO2 and H2O) into an output flow free of nitrogen and excess oxygen. The flow exiting the reduction reactor consists of water and CO2, the latter readily available for liquefaction, transport and long-term storage. The hot, vitiated air from the oxidation reactor is the means to produce power through a thermodynamic cycle. This paper reports of a study supported by the ENI group to assess the potential of the integration between CLC and combined gas-steam power cycles. More specifically, we focus on four issues: (i) optimization of plant configuration; (ii) prediction of overall efficiency; (iii) use of commercial gas turbines; (iv) preliminary economic estimates. The CLC system is based on iron oxides which, to maintain their physical characteristics, must operate below 900–1000°C. Given the crucial importance of the temperature of the vitiated air generated by CLC on the performance of the combined cycle, we consider two options: (i) “unfired” systems, where natural gas is fed only to the CLC system, (ii) “fired” systems, where the vitiated air is supplementary fired to reach gas turbine inlet temperatures ranging 1000–1200°C. Results show that unfired configurations with maximum process temperature 850–1050°C and zero emissions reach net LHV plant efficiencies ranging 43%–48%. Fired cycles where temperature is raised from 850 to 1200°C by supplementary firing can achieve 52% net LHV efficiency with CO2 emission about one half of those of a state-of-the-art combined cycles. Fired configurations allow significant capital cost and fuel cost savings compared to unfired configurations; however, a carbon tax high enough to make them attractive (close to 50 €/ton) would undermine these advantages.
ChemInform Abstract: Organo‐f‐Element Catalysts for Efficient and Highly Selective Hydroalkoxylation and Hydrothiolation (2010)

Abstract Review: 110 refs.