gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Central nervous system excitatory effects of meperidine in cancer patients (1983)

The analgesic meperidine has been reported to produce signs of central nervous system excitation in human beings. To determine the relationship between signs and symptoms of central nervous system excitation and plasma levels of meperidine and normeperidine, we studied 67 patients receiving meperidine for the relief of postoperative or chronic pain. In 48 patients, excitatory effects ranging from mild nervousness to tremors, twitches, multifocal myoclonus, and seizures were directly correlated with accumulation of normeperidine in plasma. Evidence of compromised renal function occurred in only 14 of the 48 symptomatic patients, suggesting that renal dysfunction may contribute to but is not the sole factor in the accumulation of normeperidine or its relation to adverse neurological signs. In a second study we surveyed mood alterations in 47 patients receiving meperidine and 29 receiving other narcotic analgesics for postoperative pain. The repeated administration of meperidine was associated with adverse alterations in various elements of mood (e.g., apprehension, sadness, restlessness).
Simultaneously Supporting Privacy and Auditing in Cloud Computing Systems (2013)

Over the last few years, cloud services have been steadily gaining traction in their use by commercial and noncommercial entities. As more and more sensitive or valuable processes, business functions and data move into the cloud, the need to improve threat identification and response, via auditing cloud transactions, increases. At the same time, the need for cloud users to protect the security and privacy of their resources has also intensified. In this paper, the problem of simultaneously supporting privacy and auditing in cloud systems is studied. Specifically, the paper discusses the guiding principles, fundamental concepts, and threat models for current cloud computing systems. Finally, we propose infrastructure that exploits a novel thin layer between the client and the cloud service provider to ensure that data storage, operation, and auditing does not reveal sensitive client information.
Protective Mechanisms of Mitochondria and Heart Function in Diabetes (2015)

Protecting mitochondria from losing their ability to generate energy, and to control their own reactive oxygen species emission is essential to prevent the onset and/or to slow down DC progression. We highlight mechanisms enforced by the diabetic heart to counteract glucose/FAs surplus-induced damage, such as lipid storage, enhanced mitochondria-lipid droplet interaction, and upregulation of key antioxidant enzymes. Learning more on the nature and location of mechanisms sheltering mitochondrial functions would certainly help in further optimizing therapies for human DC.
Clone-Based Systematic Haplotyping (CSH): A Procedure for Physical Haplotyping of Whole Genomes (2003)

We present a novel methodology to determine the phase of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on a chromosome, which we term clone-based systematic haplotyping (CSH). The CSH procedure is based on separating the allelic chromosomes of a diploid genome by fosmid/cosmid cloning, and subsequent SNP typing of 96 clone pools, each representing approximately 10% of the genome. The pools are screened by PCR for the sequence of interest, followed by SNP typing on the PCR products using the GOOD assay. We demonstrate that by CSH, the haplotype of SNPs separated by more than 50 kilobases can definitely be assigned. We propose this method as being suitable for constructing maps of ancestral haplotypes, analysis of complex diseases, and for diagnosis of rare defects in which the molecular haplotype is crucial. In addition, by amplifying the initial DNA by many orders of magnitude, the original DNA resource is effectively immortalized, enabling the haplotyping of hundreds of thousands of SNPs per individual.
High-Throughput Platform to Identify Antibody Conjugation Sites from Antibody–Drug Conjugate Libraries (2020)

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are a therapeutic modality that traditionally enable the targeted delivery of highly potent cytotoxic agents to specific cells such as tumor cells. More recently, antibodies have been used to deliver molecules such as antibiotics, antigens, and adjuvants to bacteria or specific immune cell subsets. Site-directed mutagenesis of proteins permits more precise control over the site and stoichiometry of their conjugation, giving rise to homogeneous chemically defined ADCs. Identification of favorable sites for conjugation in antibodies is essential as reaction efficiency and product stability are influenced by the tertiary structure of immunoglobulin G (IgG). Current methods to evaluate potential conjugation sites are time-consuming and labor intensive, involving multistep processes for individually produced reactions. Here, we describe a highly efficient method for identification of conjugatable genetic variants by analyzing pooled ADC libraries using mass spectrometry. This approach provides a versatile platform to rapidly uncover new conjugation sites for site-specific ADCs.
Experimental Validation of Sensor Placement for Control of a D-Shaped Cylinder Wake (2005)

The effectiveness of a sensor configuration, based on body mounted sensors, for feedback flow control of a D-shaped cylinder wake is investigated experimentally. The research is aimed at suppressing unsteady loads resulting from the von Karman vortex shedding in the wake of bluff bodies at a Reynolds number range of 100-1000. A low-dimensional Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) procedure was applied to the stream-wise and cross-stream velocities in the near wake field obtained using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) with steady state vortex shedding. The data was collected from the unforced condition, which served as a baseline, as well as during influence of forcing but within the “lock-in” region. The design of sensor number and placement was based on data from a laminar direct numerical simulation of the Navier Stokes equations. A Linear Stochastic Estimator (LSE) was employed to map the surface mounted sensor signals to the temporal coefficients of the reduced order model of the wake flow field in order to provide accurate yet compact estimates of the low-dimensional states. For a three sensor configuration, results show that the root mean square estimation error of the first two cross-stream modes is within 20 – 40% of the PIV generated POD time coefficients. This level of error is acceptable for a moderately robust controller required to close the loop, based on previous investigation.
Compressive spectral embedding: sidestepping the SVD (2015)

Spectral embedding based on the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) is a widely used "preprocessing" step in many learning tasks, typically leading to dimensionality reduction by projecting onto a number of dominant singular vectors and rescaling the coordinate axes (by a predefined function of the singular value). However, the number of such vectors required to capture problem structure grows with problem size, and even partial SVD computation becomes a bottleneck. In this paper, we propose a low-complexity it compressive spectral embedding algorithm, which employs random projections and finite order polynomial expansions to compute approximations to SVD-based embedding. For an m times n matrix with T non-zeros, its time complexity is O((T+m+n)log(m+n)), and the embedding dimension is O(log(m+n)), both of which are independent of the number of singular vectors whose effect we wish to capture. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to circumvent this dependence on the number of singular vectors for general SVD-based embeddings. The key to sidestepping the SVD is the observation that, for downstream inference tasks such as clustering and classification, we are only interested in using the resulting embedding to evaluate pairwise similarity metrics derived from the euclidean norm, rather than capturing the effect of the underlying matrix on arbitrary vectors as a partial SVD tries to do. Our numerical results on network datasets demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method, and motivate further exploration of its application to large-scale inference tasks.
Organometallic catalysts for the ROP of lactones and cyclic carbonates: stereoselectivity and immortal character (2009)

Abstracts of the 237th ACS National Meeting, Salt Lake City, USA, March 22-26, 2009
Effects of CYP2D6 and CYP3A5 Genotypes on the Plasma Concentrations of Risperidone and 9-Hydroxyrisperidone in Korean Schizophrenic Patients (2009)

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of the CYP2D6 and CYP3A5 genotypes on the steady-state plasma levels of risperidone (RIS), 9-hydroxyrisperidone (9-OH-RIS), and the active moiety (RIS plus 9-OH-RIS) in Korean schizophrenic patients. Sixty-four Korean schizophrenic patients were enrolled. CYP2D6 and CYP3A5 genotypes were determined, and the plasma levels of RIS and 9-OH-RIS were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. The dose-normalized plasma concentrations of RIS, 9-OH-RIS, and the active moiety were compared according to the CYP2D6 and CYP3A5 genotypes. Among the patients, 57 were CYP2D6 extensive metabolizers (EMs; CYP2D6*1/*1, *1/*10, and *10/*10) and 7 were CYP2D6 poor metabolizers (PMs; CYP2D6*1/*5 and *10/*5). For the CYP3A5 genotype, 30 patients were CYP3A5*1 expressors (*1/*1 [n = 1] and *1/*3 [n = 29]) and 34 patients were CYP3A5 nonexpressors (*3/*3). The plasma levels of RIS (2.03 ng/mL per milligram for EMs vs 5.57 ng/mL per milligram for PMs, P < 0.001) and 9-OH-RIS (5.06 ng/mL per milligram for EMs vs 0.22 ng/mL per milligram for PMs, P < 0.001) were significantly different among CYP2D6 genotype groups, but the CYP2D6 EMs (7.09 ng/mL per milligram) and PMs (5.79 ng/mL per milligram) did not show no difference in the levels of the active moiety (P = 0.470). CYP3A5 nonexpressors exhibited higher plasma concentrations of both RIS and 9-OH-RIS than its expressors. In the case of 9-OH-RIS, CYP3A5 nonexpressors exhibited significantly higher concentrations than CYP3A5 expressors (5.42 vs 3.51 ng/mL per milligram, P = 0.022). In addition, concentrations of the active moiety were also significantly different between the CYP3A5 nonexpressors (8.39 ng/mL per milligram) and expressors (5.30 ng/mL per milligram, P = 0.005). In conclusion, both CYP2D6 and CYP3A5 genotypes affected plasma levels of RIS and 9-OH-RIS, whereas the active moiety levels were influenced only by the CYP3A5 genotype but not by the CYP2D6 genotype.
A new approach to Striga control (2003)

Fred Kanampiu (e-mail: f.kanampiu@africaonline.co.ke) and Dennis Friesen (email: d.friesen@cgiar.org) of the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), based in Nairobi in Kenya, and Jonathan Gressel (e-mail: Jonathan.Gressel@weizmann.ac.il) of the Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovot, Israel, outline new herbicide maize seed coating technology and new IR varieties for Striga control.
The role of the GPR91 ligand succinate in hematopoiesis (2009)

Regulation of cellular metabolism by the citric acid cycle occurs in the mitochondria. However, the citric acid cycle intermediate succinate was shown recently to be a ligand for the G-protein-coupled receptor GPR91. Here, we describe a role for succinate and its receptor in the stimulation of hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) growth. GPR91 mRNA and protein expression were detected in human bone marrow CD34+ progenitor cells, as well as in erythroid and megakaryocyte cultures and the erythroleukemic cell line TF-1. Treatment of these cell cultures with succinate resulted in increased proliferation rates. The proliferation response of TF-1 cells was pertussis toxin (PTX)-sensitive, suggesting a role for Gi signaling. Proliferation was also blocked when TF-1 cells were transfected with small interfering RNA specific for GPR91. Succinate stimulated activation of the Erk MAPK pathway and inositol phosphate accumulation in a PTX-sensitive manner. Pretreatment of TF-1 cells with the Erk1/2 kinase (MEK) inhibitor PD98059 blocked the proliferation response. Succinate treatment additionally protected TF-1 cells from cell death induced by serum deprivation. Finally, in vivo administration of succinate was found to elevate the levels of hemoglobin, platelets, and neutrophils in a mouse model of chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression. These results suggest that succinate-GPR91 signaling is capable of promoting HPC development.
Polymer light emitting devices based on the urethane substituted polythiophene (2002)

Very recently, Chittibabu et al. (1996) have successfully synthesized a polythiophene containing a methane side chain, poly[2-(3-thienyl) ethanol n-butoxy carbonylmethyl methane] (PURET), in order to improve the solubility. In this paper a single-layered light-emitting device structure was fabricated by spin-coating the PURET dissolved in strong polar solvent onto an indium-tin oxide (ITO) coated glass. Photoluminescence and electroluminescence spectra of the device were measured.
SIVARG (2016)

We propose a workshop soliciting submissions on the topics of spatial and 3D interaction in highly fidelity graphical interactive systems, especially video games and virtual reality systems. Topics will cover all aspects of interaction in these systems, including input-related issues such as efficient control mappings, spatial input device features (e.g., low latency, input noise, etc.), as well as output-related issues such as display hardware features (e.g., stereoscopic rendering, head-tracking), and information visualization (e.g., game HUDs for status information). We propose to include both position papers, as well as papers including at least preliminary studies on issues in these areas.
Ballistic deflection transistor: Geometry dependence and boolean operations (2013)

In this work, a room temperature study of ballistic deflection transistors (BDTs) is performed. By applying various processing steps such as hard mask deposition, e-beam lithography, reactive ion etching, etc., BDTs were fabricated, and the interplay between the geometry and their performance is analyzed. The importance of the top drain terminal is also examined. The application of the BDT for different logic configurations on the basis of its asymmetric biasing behavior is studied. Using this concept, even a single BDT can be used as a logic gate.
Enhancing effects of gamma interferon on phagocytic cell association with and killing of Trypanosoma cruzi (1985)

The effects of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) on P388D1 cell or mouse resident peritoneal macrophage association (i.e., binding and internalization) with the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi were studied, as well as the effects of this lymphokine on intracellular parasite killing. Incubation of either type of cell with a conditioned medium containing IFN-gamma and traces of interleukin 2 markedly increased the capacities of the cells to associate with virulent blood forms of T. cruzi, as evidenced by significant increases in both the proportion of parasite-associated cells and the number of parasites associated with the cells. Three lines of evidence pointed to IFN-gamma, and not interleukin 2, as the lymphokine responsible for the noted effect. First, a conditioned medium containing interleukin 2 but not IFN-gamma failed to enhance P338D1 cell-parasite association. Second, treatment of the IFN-gamma preparation at pH 2 to selectively inactivate IFN-gamma reduced its enhancing effect. Third, recombinant IFN-gamma, devoid of other lymphokines, also enhanced parasite association with P388D1 cells. Incubation of P388D1 cells with IFN-gamma for 24, 48, or 72 h increased cell association with T. cruzi, whereas a 12-h incubation period was insufficient, suggesting that IFN-gamma triggered time-dependent cellular events leading to the enhancement. Treatment of mouse resident peritoneal macrophages with the IFN-gamma-containing conditioned medium also increased the capacity of these cells to kill internalized trypanosomes. P388D1 cells, which showed minimal or no cytotoxicity after mock treatment with medium, displayed cytotoxicity after incubation with the IFN-gamma-containing conditioned medium; similar results were obtained with recombinant IFN-gamma. Catalase prevented parasite killing by P388D1 cells, indicating that H2O2 mediated the cytotoxicity. These results, underscoring the regulatory effects of IFN-gamma on macrophage-parasite interactions, suggest a possible role for this lymphokine in the mechanisms of host defense active against T. cruzi infection.
Application of motion sharpening effect in video coding (2008)

This paper presents a method that exploits an optical illusion due to the motion of video sequences for improving the coding efficiency of sequences with large motion. The employed optical illusion is a special case of the motion sharpening, which we call “quasi-motion sharpening”. Under this effect, comparable subjective quality is perceived when comparing an original video against the processed same video where some images between two frames are being blurred. A quantitative model based on this phenomenon has been constructed for deriving the level of blurriness of selected frames without sacrificing the subjective quality of the whole sequence. Subjective experiments on decoded video of H.264 show that, using our model for pre-processing video sequences with fast motion, we can improved the coding efficiency by 9.3∼14.0% while maintaining the subjective quality.
Ruthenium Oxide Hydrogen Evolution Catalysis on Composite Cuprous Oxide Water‐Splitting Photocathodes (2013)

Photocathodes based on cuprous oxide (Cu 2 O) are promising materials for large scale and widespread solar fuel generation due to the abundance of copper, suitable bandgap, and favorable band alignments for reducing water and carbon dioxide. A protective overlayer is required to stabilize the Cu 2 O in aqueous media under illumination, and the interface between this overlayer and the catalyst nanoparticles was previously identified as a key source of instability. Here, the properties of the protective titanium dioxide overlayer of composite cuprous oxide photocathodes are further investigated, as well as an oxide‐based hydrogen evolution catalyst, ruthenium oxide (RuO 2 ). The RuO 2 ‐catalyzed photoelectrodes exhibit much improved stability versus platinum nanoparticles, with 94% stability after 8 h of light‐chopping chronoamperometry. Faradaic efficiencies of ∼100% are obtained as determined by measurement of the evolved hydrogen gas. The sustained photocurrents of close to 5 mA cm −2 obtained with this electrode during the chronoamperometry measurement (at 0 V vs. the reversible hydrogen electrode, pH 5, and simulated 1 sun illumination) would correspond to greater than 6% solar‐to‐hydrogen conversion efficiency in a tandem photoelectrochemical cell, where the bias is provided by a photovoltaic device such as a dye‐sensitized solar cell.
Exploiting diversity to enhance multimedia streaming over cellular links (2005)

Wireless wide area networks (WWANs) are becoming ubiquitous across most geographic regions, enabling simultaneous coverage from multiple providers. WWAN channels exhibit both uncorrelated and correlated behaviour on a variety of levels. In this paper we examine the statistical properties of WWAN links, and illustrate the benefits in heterogeneity that can be exploited to improve statistical throughput and multimedia quality. Our results are based on real network measurements. We describe the design and implementation of a high quality multimedia streaming application that implements WWAN streaming optimisations utilising unequal error protection coding techniques, and we evaluate the performance over an operational WWAN network.
Chemical Engineering and Structural and Pharmacological Characterization of the α-Scorpion Toxin OD1 (2013)

Scorpion α-toxins are invaluable pharmacological tools for studying voltage-gated sodium channels, but few structure-function studies have been undertaken due to their challenging synthesis. To address this deficiency, we report a chemical engineering strategy based upon native chemical ligation. The chemical synthesis of α-toxin OD1 was achieved by chemical ligation of three unprotected peptide segments. A high resolution X-ray structure (1.8 Å) of synthetic OD1 showed the typical βαββ α-toxin fold and revealed important conformational differences in the pharmacophore region when compared with other α-toxin structures. Pharmacological analysis of synthetic OD1 revealed potent α-toxin activity (inhibition of fast inactivation) at Nav1.7, as well as Nav1.4 and Nav1.6. In addition, OD1 also produced potent β-toxin activity at Nav1.4 and Nav1.6 (shift of channel activation in the hyperpolarizing direction), indicating that OD1 might interact at more than one site with Nav1.4 and Nav1.6. Investigation of nine OD1 mutants revealed that three residues in the reverse turn contributed significantly to selectivity, with the triple OD1 mutant (D9K, D10P, K11H) being 40-fold more selective for Nav1.7 over Nav1.6, while OD1 K11V was 5-fold more selective for Nav1.6 than Nav1.7. This switch in selectivity highlights the importance of the reverse turn for engineering α-toxins with altered selectivity at Nav subtypes.
K562 erythroleukemia line as a possible reticulocyte source to culture Plasmodium vivax and its surrogates (2020)

Establishing an in vitro "red blood cell matrix" that would allow uninterrupted access to a stable, homogeneous reticulocyte population would facilitate the establishment of continuous, long-term in vitro Plasmodium vivax blood stage cultures. In this study, we have explored the suitability of the erythroleukemia K562 cell line as a continuous source of such reticulocytes and have investigated regulatory factors behind the terminal differentiation (and enucleation, in particular) of this cell line that can be used to drive the reticulocyte production process. The Duffy blood group antigen receptor (Fy), essential for P. vivax invasion, was stably introduced into K562 cells by lentiviral gene transfer. miRNA-26a-5p and miRNA-30a-5p were downregulated to promote erythroid differentiation and enucleation, resulting in a tenfold increase in the production of reticulocytes after stimulation with an induction cocktail compared with controls. Our results suggest an interplay in the mechanisms of action of miRNA-26a-5p and miRNA-30a-5p, which makes it necessary to downregulate both miRNAs to achieve a stable enucleation rate and Fy receptor expression. In the context of establishing P. vivax-permissive, stable, and reproducible reticulocytes, a higher enucleation rate may be desirable, which may be achieved by the targeting of further regulatory mechanisms in Fy-K562 cells; promoting the shift in hemoglobin production from fetal to adult may also be necessary. Despite the fact that K562 erythroleukemia cell lines are of neoplastic origin, this cell line offers a versatile model system to research the regulatory mechanisms underlying erythropoiesis.
Green Polymer Chemistry: II. Enzymatic Synthesis of Methacrylate‐Terminated Polyisobutylenes (2008)

Abstract Methacrylate‐terminated polyisobutylenes (PIB‐MAs) were synthesized by transesterification of vinyl methacrylate by hydroxyl‐terminated polyisobutylenes (PIB‐OH) using Candida antarctica lipase B (Novozyme 435) catalyst in hexane at 50 °C. PIBCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 OH and GlissopalOH, synthesized by anti‐Markovnikov hydrobromination of allyl‐terminated PIB and Glissopal®2300 followed by hydrolysis, were quantitatively converted into the corresponding PIB‐MAs. 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopy verified the formation of the expected structures. This “green” chemistry is a very promising methodology for polymer functionalization in general, and biomaterial synthesis in particular. magnified image