gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-resolution FWI: Changing the Way we Image and Interpret Seismic (2012)

Abstract The emergence of Full Wavefield Inversion (FWI) methods represents a paradigmshift with the potential to revolutionize the way we image and interpretseismic. Advances in algorithms and computing technology are now making FWIpractical, making it possible to construct detailed subsurface property modelsthat adequately explain the full bandwidth of the seismic data. We recentlydeveloped new concepts and algorithms that allow us to run 3D FWI using muchhigher frequencies - up to 45 Hz for one of the examples we will be discussing- than what has been shown in most published FWI studies to-date (usually lessthan 8–10 Hz). High-resolution FWI products can be viewed as 3D volumes of welllogs, and their availability creates new opportunities in the way we interpretand use seismic data. We expect FWI to impact applications at all businessstages, ranging from improved structural imaging during exploration to detailedreservoir description and characterization for development andproduction. Introduction Seismic imaging has been advancing rapidly over the last two decades, transitioning from post-stack time migration to pre-stack depth migration andfrom ray-theoretic algorithms (Kirchoff migration) to one-way wave-equationsolvers (wave-equation migration), and finally to more accurate reverse-timemigration (RTM) methods. This progression has been motivated by the businessclimate, with exploration moving to more and more challenging environments(e.g. Gulf of Mexico sub-salt) and the demand for more and more accuratereservoir characterization to maximize and maintain production from discoveredfields. The most recent, and perhaps ultimate, step in this evolving sequenceis Full Wavefield Inversion (FWI), which has rapidly become a focal area forresearch and development within the geophysical community and industry. Onecould argue that the FWI approach represents the dream of every geoscientist:generate detailed subsurface property models of the earth that can accuratelyreproduce, through simulation, the seismic data used to construct them. Unlikeevolution in the migration algorithms, which has been continuous andincremental, FWI represents a change in philosophy, both in the way we imagethe seismic data, and also in how we interpret the resulting products. Although much more research and development will be necessary to capitalize onthe full potential of FWI, we feel that several of the main difficulties(primarily overcoming the computational requirements necessary to implement andapply the method) have been overcome. We are already using FWI to generatesubsurface models with the resolution and quality to impact business decisions. This presentation will provide an overview of the method, some of the advancesthat are making it feasible, and real data examples to illustrate itspotential.
Achieving Predictable High Performance in Imbalanced Fat Trees (2010)

The fat-tree topology has become a popular choice for InfiniBand fabrics due to its inherent deadlock freedom, fault-tolerance and full bisection bandwidth. InfiniBand is used by more than 40% of the systems on the latest Top 500 list, and many of these systems are based on a fat-tree topology. However, the current InfiniBand fat-tree routing algorithm suffers from flaws that reduce its scalability and flexibility. Counter-intuitively, the achievable throughput per node deteriorates both when the number of nodes in a tree decreases or when the node distribution among leaves is nonuniform. In this paper, we identify the weaknesses of the current enhanced fat-tree routing algorithm in Open Fabrics Enterprise Distribution and we propose extensions to it that alleviate all performance problems related to node distribution. The new algorithm is implemented in OpenSM for real world evaluation and for future contribution to the Open Fabrics community. We demonstrate that our solution allows to achieve a predictable high throughput regardless of the number of nodes and their distribution. Furthermore, the simulations show that our extensions improve throughput up to 30% depending on topology size and node distribution.
Novel mode of action of c-kit tyrosine kinase inhibitors leading to NK cell–dependent antitumor effects (2004)

Mutant isoforms of the KIT or PDGF receptors expressed by gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are considered the therapeutic targets for STI571 (imatinib mesylate; Gleevec), a specific inhibitor of these tyrosine kinase receptors. Case reports of clinical efficacy of Gleevec in GISTs lacking the typical receptor mutations prompted a search for an alternate mode of action. Here we show that Gleevec can act on host DCs to promote NK cell activation. DC-mediated NK cell activation was triggered in vitro and in vivo by treatment of DCs with Gleevec as well as by a loss-of-function mutation of KIT. Therefore, tumors that are refractory to the antiproliferative effects of Gleevec in vitro responded to Gleevec in vivo in an NK cell-dependent manner. Longitudinal studies of Gleevec-treated GIST patients revealed a therapy-induced increase in IFN-gamma production by NK cells, correlating with an enhanced antitumor response. These data point to a novel mode of antitumor action for Gleevec.
Dielectric Elastomer Artificial Muscle For Actuation, Sensing, Generation, And Intelligent Structures (2004)

(2004). Dielectric Elastomer Artificial Muscle For Actuation, Sensing, Generation, And Intelligent Structures. Materials Technology: Vol. 19, No. 4, pp. 216-223.
Generating an adjustable three-dimensional dark focus (2004)

Conditions for generating a dark focus surrounded by light in all three dimensions are presented. A simple technique for generating such a dark region is demonstrated experimentally. The method is compared with previous attempts at creating a three-dimensional dark focus.
Electrostatic specificity in molecular ligand design (2000)

Designing ligand molecules that bind with high affinity and specificity to a target molecule (or a family of related targets) is a fundamental goal of molecular biophysical research. While it is generally recognized that electrostatic interactions can contribute to binding specificity, it is unclear whether the inclusion of interactions that result in tight binding also necessarily leads to highly specific binding. Here we make use of recently developed charge-optimization techniques to explore the affinity–specificity relation in the context of electrostatic interactions. Using model problems we find that affinity-optimized electrostatic interactions do not necessarily create specificity. Furthermore, we develop several rigorous methods that indicate how best to perturb affinity-optimized ligand-charge distributions to increase specificity with minimal sacrifice in affinity for the target or target set. We provide a theoretical framework for improving specificity against any number of known receptors and/or binding modes as well as against uncharacterized receptors.
Quantitative exploration of the occurrence of lateral gene transfer by using nitrogen fixation genes as a case study (2006)

Lateral gene transfer (LGT) is now accepted as an important factor in the evolution of prokaryotes. Establishment of the occurrence of LGT is typically attempted by a variety of methods that includes the comparison of reconstructed phylogenetic trees, the search for unusual GC composition or codon usage within a genome, and identification of similarities between distant species as determined by best blast hits. We explore quantitative assessments of these strategies to study the prokaryotic trait of nitrogen fixation, the enzyme-catalyzed reduction of N(2) to ammonia. Phylogenies constructed on nitrogen fixation genes are not in agreement with the tree-of-life based on 16S rRNA but do not conclusively distinguish between gene loss and LGT hypotheses. Using a series of analyses on a set of complete genomes, our results distinguish two structurally distinct classes of MoFe nitrogenases whose distribution cuts across lines of vertical inheritance and makes us believe that a conclusive case for LGT has been made.
In-vehicle extremity injuries from improvised explosive devices: current and future foci (2010)

The conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan have been epitomized by the insurgents' use of the improvised explosive device against vehicle-borne security forces. These weapons, capable of causing multiple severely injured casualties in a single incident, pose the most prevalent single threat to Coalition troops operating in the region. Improvements in personal protection and medical care have resulted in increasing numbers of casualties surviving with complex lower limb injuries, often leading to long-term disability. Thus, there exists an urgent requirement to investigate and mitigate against the mechanism of extremity injury caused by these devices. This will necessitate an ontological approach, linking molecular, cellular and tissue interaction to physiological dysfunction. This can only be achieved via a collaborative approach between clinicians, natural scientists and engineers, combining physical and numerical modelling tools with clinical data from the battlefield. In this article, we compile existing knowledge on the effects of explosions on skeletal injury, review and critique relevant experimental and computational research related to lower limb injury and damage and propose research foci required to drive the development of future mitigation technologies.
Impact of case type, length of stay, institution type, and comorbidities on Medicare diagnosis-related group reimbursement for adult spinal deformity surgery (2017)

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to educate medical professionals about potential financial impacts of improper diagnosis-related group (DRG) coding in adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery. METHODS Medicare's Inpatient Prospective Payment System PC Pricer database was used to collect 2015 reimbursement data for ASD procedures from 12 hospitals. Case type, hospital type/location, number of operative levels, proper coding, length of stay, and complications/comorbidities (CCs) were analyzed for effects on reimbursement. DRGs were used to categorize cases into 3 types: 1) anterior or posterior only fusion, 2) anterior fusion with posterior percutaneous fixation with no dorsal fusion, and 3) combined anterior and posterior fixation and fusion. RESULTS Pooling institutions, cases were reimbursed the same for single-level and multilevel ASD surgery. Longer stay, from 3 to 8 days, resulted in an additional $1400 per stay. Posterior fusion was an additional $6588, while CCs increased reimbursement by approximately $13,000. Academic institutions received higher reimbursement than private institutions, i.e., approximately $14,000 (Case Types 1 and 2) and approximately $16,000 (Case Type 3). Urban institutions received higher reimbursement than suburban institutions, i.e., approximately $3000 (Case Types 1 and 2) and approximately $3500 (Case Type 3). Longer stay, from 3 to 8 days, increased reimbursement between $208 and $494 for private institutions and between $1397 and $1879 for academic institutions per stay. CONCLUSIONS Reimbursement is based on many factors not controlled by surgeons or hospitals, but proper DRG coding can significantly impact the financial health of hospitals and availability of quality patient care.
Design and construction of aeration systems for optimum operation of large wastewater treatment plants (1996)

The construction and operation of large wastewater treatment plants are very important tasks today. Choosing the optimum process design can help to keep initial costs low. Careful operation and modern equipment reduces the operational costs. Taking into account the huge demand (Anonymous EEC-Report 1990) for new wastewater treatment plants or plants which need to be upgraded after the new EEC legislation concerning sewage treatment came into force in May, 1991 (Anonymous EEC-Guideline 1991) it is quite clear that only cost-effective processes supported by energy-efficient equipment are the answer to economical wastewater treatment. Regarding the operational costs for biological treatment, approximately 70% of the total energy consumption is used for the activated sludge part of the treatment plant, i.e. for the stirring and aeration systems (Höfken et al. 1992). That shows how important the proper design of such systems is and implies that only innovative and energy-efficient equipment should be used. This paper presents theoretical considerations for the design of aeration systems for aerobic processes. These considerations lead to recommendations for the construction and the operation of aeration systems.
Amine-Assisted Delamination of Nb2C MXene for Li-Ion Energy Storage Devices (2023)

A new family of 2D materials, known as MXenes, was discovered in 2011. Those are stacks of 2D early transition metal carbides and carbonitrides. MXenes exhibit both hydrophilic behavior and metallic conductivity, coupled with good mechanical properties. When a drop of the colloidal solution was placed on a lacey carbon coated transmission electron microscope copper grid and allowed to dry, electron transparent sheets of different sizes, from tens of nanometers up to few micrometers, were imaged. The colloidal solution obtained after delamination was vacuum filtered with a CNT-containing solution to produce freestanding, flexible CNT/MXene composite “paper” electrodes. Electrochemical testing of delaminated Ti3C2Tx in Li-ion batteries and supercapacitors showed up to four times improved Liion capacities and volumetric capacitances compared to their multilayered counterparts.
On implementation aspects of fast iterative tap amplitude and delay estimation for UMTS/WCDMA (2007)

This communication discusses implementation aspects of a novel, fast iterative tap amplitude and delay estimation (ITADE) technique for RAKE receivers required for the downlink in the universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS) frequency domain duplex (FDD) mode wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA). The Texas Instruments TMS320C6416 digital signal processor (DSP), operating at 720 MHz clock rate, is taken as the target hardware. The manuscript shall primarily focus on a sliding correlation-based ITADE algorithm developed by the authors. This algorithm shall be abbreviated by CITADE. The implementation of the CITADE algorithm exploits both the hierarchical structure of the primary synchronisation channel code, which is used as a reference for the TADE strategy, and the tailored instructions of the TMS320C6416 DSP. The found implementation requires 809 kilocycles or, equivalently, ≃1.1 ms of processing time. This processing time corresponds to a duration of ≃1.7 time slots. The presented proposal is considered a competitive design with a better performance regarding the number of required processor cycles compared to previously published work.
1B14 Sensitivity Analysis for Natural Frequency of Tire Lateral Bending Mode(The 12th International Conference on Motion and Vibration Control) (2014)

Road noise is one of the main interior noises in passenger cars. This phenomenon is caused by road roughness, and tire vibration characteristics play a major role. Recent research showed that not only radial vibration but also lateral vibration of a tire has an impact on road noise. This paper describes the modeling of tire lateral vibration and one idea for control of natural frequency against tire lateral vibration. First, experimental modal analysis was performed to reveal the mode shape exciting lateral vibration. Accelerometers were put on three positions of the tread lateral direction, two positions of each sidewall, and 12 positions of the circumferential direction every 30 degrees. Mode shape and natural frequency were confirmed. Second, we built the tire vibration model based on thin cylindrical shell theory. This model has a tread ring as a continuous body and springs expressing the sidewall stiffness. It is assumed that tire vibration follows non-elongation deformation. Kinetic and potential energy were derived, and natural frequencies were predicted by Rayleigh's method. The theoretical value of lateral bending mode closely corresponded to the experimental data. Focusing on unknown parameters regarding tread, sidewall stiffness and tension, only the latter two have influence on natural frequency. Finally, sensitivity analysis was performed using a natural frequency formula. Changing tension, sidewall stiffness, and change ratio of natural frequency were confirmed.
Tailored synthesis of nitric oxide-releasing polyurethanes using O2-protected diazeniumdiolated chain extenders (2010)

Nitric oxide (NO) has been shown to exhibit significant anti-platelet activity and its release from polymer matrices has been already utilized to increase the biocompatibility of various blood-contacting devices. Herein, details of a new synthetic approach for preparing NO-releasing diazeniumdiolated polyurethanes (PU) are described. The method's utility is demonstrated by the incorporation of methoxymethyl- or sugar-protected pre-formed diazeniumdiolate moieties directly into chain extender diols which are then incorporated into the polyurethane backbone. This approach provides the ability to control the number of diazeniumdiolate groups incorporated into the polymer backbone, and hence the surface flux of NO that can ultimately be liberated from polymeric films prepared from the new PU materials. The method provides a means of covalently attaching diazeniumdiolate groups to polyurethanes in a form that resists dissociation of NO during processing but can be activated for spontaneous NO release via hydrolysis of the carbohydrate or methoxymethyl moieties under basic and acidic conditions, respectively.
Audio-Based Music Structure Analysis: Current Trends, Open Challenges, and Applications (2020)

With recent advances in the field of music informatics, approaches to audio-based music structural analysis have matured considerably, allowing researchers to reassess the challenges posed by the task, and reimagine potential applications. We review the latest breakthroughs on this topic and discuss the challenges that may arise when applying these techniques in real-world applications. Specifically, we argue that it could be beneficial for these systems to be application-dependent in order to increase their usability. Moreover, in certain scenarios, a user may wish to decide which version of a structure to use, calling for systems with multiple outputs, or where the output adapts in a user-dependent fashion. In reviewing the state of the art and discussing the current challenges on this timely topic, we highlight the subjectivity, ambiguity, and hierarchical nature of musical structure as essential factors to address in future work.
Performance Limits of Differential Power Processing (2020)

This paper explores performance limits of differential power processing (DPP) for large-scale modular dc energy systems with stochastic loads. An analytical stochastic model is developed to estimate the average power loss of a DPP topology under probabilistic load distributions. A scaling factor S(·) is introduced to describe how power loss scales as the system size or load power variance increases. The average power losses of several example DPP topologies are analyzed and compared against conventional dc-dc converters given the same total switch die area and magnetic volume. The performance limits for various DPP topologies are derived and verified by Monte-Carlo simulations in SPICE, and the results indicate that the ac-coupled DPP converter stands out from all the representative DPP topologies discussed here in terms of the lowest power loss. The paper provides an analytical framework to evaluate the performance of different DPP topologies in a methodical way, offering insights for the design of DPP systems with large-scale stochastic loads.
Enhanced low-energy supernova burst detection in large liquid argon time projection chambers enabled by Q-Pix (2022)

The detection of neutrinos from core-collapse supernovae may reveal important process features as well as neutrino properties. The detection of supernova neutrinos is one of the main science drivers for future kiloton-scale neutrino detectors based on liquid argon. Here we show that for such detectors the intrinsically 3D readout in Q-Pix offers numerous advantages relative to a wire-based readout, such as higher reconstruction efficiency, lower energy threshold, considerably lower data rates, and potential pointing information.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Promoter specificity elements in Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum-sensing-controlled genes. (2001)

The LasR-dependent and RhlR-dependent quorum-sensing systems are global regulators of gene expression in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Previous studies have demonstrated that promoter elements of the quorumsensing-controlled genes lasB and hcnABC are important in density-dependent regulation. We have identified LasR-and RhlR-dependent determinants in promoters of quorum-sensing-controlled genes qsc102, qsc117 (acpP), and qsc131 (phzA to -G) by in silico, deletion, point-mutational, and primer extension analyses. Each of these genes (in addition to lasI and rsaL) is activated by LasR, and qsc117 and qsc131 also respond to RhlR. Point mutations in the promoters of the LasR-specific gene, qsc102, relax specificity so that this promoter can respond to RhlR in addition to LasR. Our findings indicate that quorum-sensing-controlled promoters in P. aeruginosa are either specific for LasR or respond to both LasR and RhlR and that critical bases in the promoter elements determine specificity.
Design of a Windowed Sinc for a Simplified Characterization of Low-Power Current Transformers (2023)

A massive number of transducers and sensors is needed to transform the power network into a smart grid. The measurement results coming from such devices are crucial for system operators and electrical utilities. To this purpose, transducers must be periodically characterized to confirm their reliability and accuracy. Nevertheless, the characterization process is complex, expensive, and time-consuming. Researchers are then asked to develop new tests that may facilitate the characterization of the devices. Consequently, this paper aims to provide a simplified and fast characterization procedure which maintains the expected accuracy standards. The procedure is described and then applied for the characterization of commercial low-power current transformers. The results demonstrate the benefits of the newly developed characterization signal, as well as its applicability to commercial devices.
Cytokine-mediated regulation of CXCR4 expression in human neutrophils (2002)

Several lines of evidence have suggested that a CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4)/stromal cell-derived factor-1 [SDF-1; CXC chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12)] pair is involved in baseline trafficking of leukocytes into extravascular tissues and that modulation of surface CXCR4 expression may represent an alternative mechanism for control of cell-specific biological responses to SDF-1/CXCL12. We explored the regulation of CXCR4 expression by cytokines in polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs). No significant surface expression of CXCR4 in freshly isolated PMNs was detected, but expression became apparent gradually during incubation. SDF-1alpha/CXCL12 initiated Ca2+ mobilization and migratory responses in 20 h cultured PMNs. The surface CXCR4 expression was suppressed most potently by interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). IFN-alpha, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and G-CSF also inhibited spontaneous CXCR4 expression. Real-time, quantitative PCR experiments revealed that a spontaneous increase and an IFN-gamma-mediated decrease in surface CXCR4 paralleled changes in the CXCR4 mRNA level. These results on PMNs support the argument that the SDF-1 (CXCL12)/CXCR4 system is regulated by cell type-specific mechanisms.