gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
GbEXPATR, a species‐specific expansin, enhances cotton fibre elongation through cell wall restructuring (2015)

Cotton provides us the most important natural fibre. High fibre quality is the major goal of cotton breeding, and introducing genes conferring longer, finer and stronger fibre from Gossypium barbadense to Gossypium hirsutum is an important breeding strategy. We previously analysed the G. barbadense fibre development mechanism by gene expression profiling and found two homoeologous fibre-specific α-expansins from G. barbadense, GbEXPA2 and GbEXPATR. GbEXPA2 (from the DT genome) is a classical α-expansin, while its homoeolog, GbEXPATR (AT genome), encodes a truncated protein lacking the normal C-terminal polysaccharide-binding domain of other α-expansins and is specifically expressed in G. barbadense. Silencing EXPA in G. hirsutum induced shorter fibres with thicker cell walls. GbEXPA2 overexpression in G. hirsutum had no effect on mature fibre length, but produced fibres with a slightly thicker wall and increased crystalline cellulose content. Interestingly, GbEXPATR overexpression resulted in longer, finer and stronger fibres coupled with significantly thinner cell walls. The longer and thinner fibre was associated with lower expression of a number of secondary wall-associated genes, especially chitinase-like genes, and walls with lower cellulose levels but higher noncellulosic polysaccharides which advocated that a delay in the transition to secondary wall synthesis might be responsible for better fibre. In conclusion, we propose that α-expansins play a critical role in fibre development by loosening the cell wall; furthermore, a truncated form, GbEXPATR, has a more dramatic effect through reorganizing secondary wall synthesis and metabolism and should be a candidate gene for developing G. hirsutum cultivars with superior fibre quality.
ChemInform Abstract: Isosteric Replacement of Carbon with Silicon in the Design of Safer Chemicals (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Estrogen to Antiestrogen with a Single Methylene Group Resulting in an Unusual Steroidal Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator (2004)

Selective estrogen receptor (ER) modulators (SERMs) are important therapeutic agents for breast cancer prevention and treatment. We have synthesized two analogs, E11-2,1 [methyl-(3,17beta-dihydroxyestra-1,3,5(10)-triene-11beta-yl)acetate] and E11-2,2 [ethyl-(3,17beta-dihydroxyestra-1,3,5(10)-triene-11beta-yl)acetate], the methyl and ethyl esters of an estradiol analog, substituted in the B ring at C-11beta with a carboxymethyl group. The shorter methyl ester, E11-2,1, has high ER affinity and high estrogenic potency in the Ishikawa estrogen cell bioassay, whereas the longer ethyl ester, E11-2,2, has even higher ER affinity, but little or no estrogenic activity. We found that this minor change of one methylene group transforms a potent estrogenic agonist into an antagonist in vitro with either ER alpha or beta. In the rat, E11-2,2 acts as a SERM in the uterus, where it inhibits estradiol-induced proliferation, and as an estrogen agonist in the liver and skeleton, where it decreases plasma cholesterol and increases bone growth. The characteristic feature of antiestrogens, including SERMs, is a long and polar side-chain that prevents agonist-induced conformation of helix 12 of ER. E11-2,2 with its short, nonpolar side-chain, lacks this critical structure, presenting the possibility that it might act through a unique mechanism.
An Inducible Bundle-Forming Pilus of Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (1991)

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC), a cause of childhood diarrhea, grow on the surface of the small intestine and on cultured epithelial cells as colonies of adherent bacteria. When propagated on solid medium containing blood or attached to HEp-2 cells, EPEC express ropelike bundles of filaments, termed bundle-forming pili (BFP), that create a network of fibers that bind together the individual organisms. BFP were found to be expressed by five EPEC serogroups, each harboring a approximately 92-kilobase plasmid previously known to be important for virulence in humans. When two of these strains were cured of this plasmid, they neither expressed BFP nor grew as adherent colonies. An antiserum to BFP reduced the capacity of EPEC to infect cultured epithelial cells. BFP are composed of a repeating subunit of 19,500 daltons, the amino-terminal amino acid sequence of this subunit is homologous to that of the toxin-coregulated pilin of Vibrio cholerae.
A fast and slippery slope for file systems (2015)

There is a vast number and variety of file systems currently available, each optimizing for an ever growing number of storage devices and workloads. Users have an unprecedented, and somewhat overwhelming, number of data management options. At the same time, the fastest storage devices are only getting faster, and it is unclear on how well the existing file systems will adapt. Using emulation techniques, we evaluate five popular Linux file systems across a range of storage device latencies typical to low-end hard drives, latest high-performance persistent memory block devices, and in between. Our findings are often surprising. Depending on the workload, we find that some file systems can clearly scale with faster storage devices much better than others. Further, as storage device latency decreases, we find unexpected performance inversions across file systems. Finally, file system scalability in the higher device latency range is not representative of scalability in the lower, sub-millisecond, latency range. We then focus on Nilfs2 as an especially alarming example of an unexpectedly poor scalability and present detailed instructions for identifying bottlenecks in the I/O stack.
Low Power Consumption and High Sensitivity Carbon Monoxide Gas Sensor using Indium Oxide Nanowire (2008)

In this paper, micro gas sensor was fabricated using indium oxide nanowire for effective gas detection and monitoring system. Indium oxide nanowire was grown using thermal CVD, and their structural properties were examined by the SEM, XRD and TEM. The electric properties for microdropped indium oxide nanowire device were measured, and gas response characteristics were examined for CO gas. Sensors showed high sensitivity and stability for CO gas. And with below 20 mw power consumption, 5 ppm CO could be detected.
Experimental Marine Vibrator With a Helmholtz Bubble Resonator in the Frequency Range 5–16 Hz (2022)

The use of coherent broadband signals instead of explosive, high-intensity air-gun pulses is one potential way to reduce sound pressure and sound exposure levels in marine surveys. A coherent type of seismic source achieves a higher resolution, hence a sharper image of deep layers. In the upper-frequency range of seismic signals (higher than 16 Hz), marine vibrators can successfully apply the known acoustic technology of low-frequency underwater transducers. This technology is not as effective at low seismic frequencies. The slow progress in the development of this technology requires finding a different approach. An alternative would be to employ a gas-filled underwater cylindrical bubble resonator. A large gas-filled resonance bubble covered with an elastic membrane and driven by a blower with airflow controlled by a proportional valve provides significant power in the low-frequency range. We achieved a suitable broadband frequency response by designing a double resonance system consisting of a bubble and an internal Helmholtz gas acoustic resonator. Experimental tests were conducted at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. This article provides an overview of engineering solutions considered in the design, including drivers, membranes, and methods of increasing efficiency.
Nitrilotriacetic Acid Functionalized Graft Copolymers: A Polymeric Interface for Selective and Reversible Binding of Histidine‐Tagged Proteins (2005)

Abstract A series of novel graft copolymers, poly( L ‐lysine)‐ graft ‐poly(ethylene glycol) (PLL‐ g ‐PEG) with 28, 46, and 96 % of the PEG chains carrying a terminal nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) group, have been synthesized. Through electrostatic interactions, these polycationic graft copolymers assemble spontaneously from aqueous solution onto negatively charged surfaces, forming polymeric monolayers that present NTA groups at controlled surface densities. Such NTA‐presenting surfaces on a highly PEGylated background are attractive sensor platforms for the reversible binding, through Ni 2+ ions, of histidine (His)‐tagged biomolecules such as proteins and antibodies. With these three polymers, NTA‐ligand surface densities of 16, 23, and 37 pmol cm –2 , respectively, have been obtained. The surface assembly of the polymers, as well as their sensing performance, has been monitored quantitatively using in‐situ optical‐waveguide light‐mode spectroscopy. The NTA‐functionalized PLL‐ g ‐PEG surfaces prove to be highly resistant to non‐specific adsorption in contact with human serum, while allowing the specific and reversible surface binding of the 6 × His‐tagged green fluorescent protein (GFP)uv‐6His in its native conformation. The amount of GFPuv‐6His immobilized on the polymeric surface increases with increasing NTA surface density. Furthermore, micropatterns consisting of NTA‐functionalized PLL‐ g ‐PEG in a background of PLL‐ g ‐PEG are produced using the “molecular assembly patterning by lift‐off” technique. Exposure to Ni 2+ and GFPuv‐6His results in a protein pattern of excellent contrast, as judged by fluorescence microscopy. The NTA‐functionalized PLL‐ g ‐PEG surface is considered to be a promising sensor platform for binding 6 × His‐tagged proteins, thanks to the simplicity and cost‐effectiveness of the surface modification protocol, the high specificity and nearly quantitative reversibility of the protein binding, and the potential for fabricating microarrays of multiple capture molecules.
A real time MIMO OFDM testbed for cognitive radio & networking research (2006)

A real time, 2 Mbps to 200 Mbps portable radio unit with MIMO and sensing capability which exposes all the PHY parameters to the higher layers will help advance experimental cognitive radio (CR), and wireless networking research. Collaboration between Silvus Communication Systems and the UCLA WISR group has resulted in the first generation radio specifically designed to meet the needs of the CR and wireless networking community. The current platform is based on a COTS FPGA platform with dual-band RF capabilities. It implements a slight variant of the 802.11n draft spec. It is a fully self contained PHY solution with over 100 unique modes of operation. Moreover it features a robust API to the MAC through which all PHY parameters can be controlled on a per-packet basis. The same API will allow the PHY to communicate channel state information, SNR, and RSSI measurements to the MAC. A 16 micro-second packet decode latency ensures that the PHY processing does not inhibit the system's fast response to changing channel and interference condition.
The Influence of High Heeled Shoes on Kinematics, Kinetics, and Muscle EMG of Normal Female Gait (2000)

The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether a graded response in gait kinematics, kinetics, and EMG occurs as shoe heel height increases. Four different shoes, including one flat shoe and three shoes with high heels, were tested in this investigation. The average heel heights of the four shoes were 1.4 cm, 3.7 cm, 5.4 cm, and 8.5 cm. Kinematics, kinetics, and muscle EMG were measured during the stance phase of gait on 13 healthy female subjects while wearing each of these 4 shoes. Systematic increases in the active vertical, propulsive, and braking forces were found as shoe height increased. Ankle and knee flexion and soleus and rectus femoris activity showed a graded response as heel height increased. One surprising result was the behavior of the maximal vertical impact force peak and the maximal loading rate during heel impact. The vertical impact force peaks and the maximal vertical loading rates were highest for the shoe with 3.7 cm heel height and lowest for the flat shoe and the shoe with heel height of 8.5 cm.
Nitride-based light emitting diodes with indium tin oxide electrode patterned by imprint lithography (2007)

The authors propose a simple, low cost, and mass producible imprint lithography method to texture indium tin oxide (ITO) contact layer of nitride-based light emitting diodes (LEDs). Under 20mA current injection, it was found that forward voltages were 3.24, 3.25, and 3.24V while the LED output powers were 11.7, 12.6, and 13.3mW for the conventional ITO LED, ITO LED patterned with 1.75μm holes, and ITO LED patterned with 0.85μm holes, respectively.
PESC: The Early Years [A Look Back] (2015)

Discusses the formation and work of the IEEE Power and Electronics Society.
Effect of Nanoparticles on Electron and Thermoelectric Transport (2009)

Recent experimental results have shown that adding nanoparticles inside a bulk material can enhance the thermoelectric performance by reducing the thermal conductivity and increasing the Seebeck coefficient. In this paper we investigate electron scattering from nanoparticles using different models. We compare the results of the Born approximation to that of the partial-wave method for a single nanoparticle scattering. The partial-wave method is more accurate for particle sizes in the 1 nm to 5 nm range where the point scattering approximation is not valid. The two methods can have different predictions for the thermoelectric properties such as the electrical conductivity and the Seebeck coefficient. To include a random distribution of nanoparticles, we consider an effective medium for the electron scattering using the coherent potential approximation. We compare various theoretical results with the experimental data obtained with ErAs nanoparticles in an InGaAlAs matrix. Reasonably good agreement is found between the measured and theoretical electrical conductivity and Seebeck data in the 300 K to 850 K temperature range.
Effects of Alagebrium, an Advanced Glycation Endproduct Breaker, on Exercise Tolerance and Cardiac Function in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure (2011)

NCT00516646 (http://clinicaltrials.gov).
Effects of Differential Pressure Sensor Gauge-Lines and Measurement Accuracy on Low Pressure EGR Estimation Error in SI Engines (2017)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Low Pressure (LP) Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) promises fuel economy benefits at high loads in turbocharged SI engines as it allows better combustion phasing and reduces the need for fuel enrichment. Precise estimation and control of in-cylinder EGR concentration is crucial to avoiding misfire. Unfortunately, EGR flow rate estimation using an orifice model based on the EGR valve Δ&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; measurement can be challenging given pressure pulsations, flow reversal and the inherently low pressure differentials across the EGR valve. Using a GT-Power model of a 1.6 L GDI turbocharged engine with LP-EGR, this study investigates the effects of the Δ&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; sensor gauge-line lengths and measurement noise on LP-EGR estimation accuracy. Gauge-lines can be necessary to protect the Δ&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; sensor from high exhaust temperatures, but unfortunately can produce acoustic resonance and distort the Δ&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; signal measured by the sensor. With 30 cm gauge-lines, the lower bound on EGR valve Δ&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; required to maintain the EGR estimation error within &lt;i&gt;±&lt;/i&gt;1% increases from 4 to 10 kPa which is detrimental to engine efficiency. This paper proposes an extension of a lumped parameter model to correct for the gauge-line distortion of the Δ&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; signal. This correction lowers the Δ&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; bound back to 4 kPa. Low pass filtering is required before the differentiation of the noisy Δ&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; signal within the lumped parameter modeling. Filtering with the appropriate cut-off frequency maintains the Δ&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; lower bound despite the gauge-lines. Furthermore, a Δ&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; sensor with the appropriate response mimics the flow inertial lag, and further reduces the Δ&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; bound to 1, 1.7 and 3 kPa for Δ&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; sensor accuracies of &lt;i&gt;±&lt;/i&gt;0&lt;i&gt;.&lt;/i&gt;1, &lt;i&gt;±&lt;/i&gt;0&lt;i&gt;.&lt;/i&gt;25 and &lt;i&gt;±&lt;/i&gt;0&lt;i&gt;.&lt;/i&gt;5 kPa respectively.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Inhibitory Effect of an Extract of Sanguisorba officinalis L. on Ultraviolet-B-Induced Photodamage of Rat Skin. (2001)

We previously reported that chronic Ultraviolet-B (UVB) irradiation causes wrinkle formation, decreases skin elasticity, and damages/curls dermal elastic fibers. Those UVB-induced wrinkles can be improved by treatment with retinoic acid or with a CO2 laser which results in a recovery of skin elasticity and a repair of elastic fiber linearity. We showed further that topical application of N-phenetyl-leucyl-tryptophane, an agent that specifically inhibits fibroblast-derived elastase, immediately after UVB irradiation inhibited UVB-induced wrinkle formation, maintained skin elasticity, and inhibited changes in the three-dimensional structure of dermal elastic fibers in a dose-dependent manner. In this study, the effects of an extract of Sanguisorba officinalis L., which also inhibits fibroblast-derived elastase, was evaluated for possible inhibition of UVB induced wrinkle formation, maintenance of skin elasticity, and prevention of damage to the 3-dimensional structure of dermal elastic fibers. Hind limb skins of 3-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were irradiated with UVB at a suberythemal dose 3 times a week for 6 weeks. Simultaneously, an extract of Sanguisorba officinalis L. (at 0.2% (v/v) or 1% (v/v)) was topically applied 5 times per week immediately following each UVB irradiation and 1 d later. The extract of Sanguisorba officinalis L. inhibited wrinkle formation, maintained skin elasticity, and inhibited the decrease of dermal elastic fiber linearity in the rat hind limb skin in a dose-dependent manner. We have confirmed that the inhibition of elastase activity in fibroblasts immediately after UVB irradiation using an extract of Sanguisorba officinalis L. prevents chronic photodamage following UVB irradiation.
Rapid Oxidation of Silicon Using UV-Light Irradiation in Low-Pressure, Highly Concentrated Ozone Gas below 300 °C (2007)

A low-temperature, damage-free process for growing ultrathin (<6 nm) silicon dioxide (SiO2) films was successfully developed. The excitation of low-pressure, highly concentrated O3 gas using photons with energies less than 5.6 eV led to rapid growth rates of 2 and 3 nm within 1 and 5 min, respectively, even when the process temperature was as low as 200 °C. The enhanced oxidation rate was due to an increased supply of O(1D) atoms at the Si surface. Transmission electron microscope images revealed that the SiO2 film formed with a uniform thickness and a smooth, distinct SiO2/Si interface. Capacitance–voltage and current–voltage measurements showed that 200 and 300 °C as-grown films had a satisfactorily low density of mobile ions and trap charges as well as ideal insulating properties.
Assessment of retinal arteriolar hemodynamics in patients pre‐ and post‐cataract extraction (2009)

Abstract Purpose We have previously demonstrated that artificial light scatter results in the erroneous elevation of retinal vessel diameter and blood flow using densitometry based techniques. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of cataract on the quantitative, non‐invasive assessment of retinal arteriolar blood flow. Methods Of the original 30 recruited patients who were scheduled for extra‐capsular cataract extraction using phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation, ten patients between the ages of 61 and 84 (mean 73 ± 8) successfully completed the study protocol. Two visits were required to complete the study, one prior to the surgery and one at least six weeks after the surgery. Cataract status was documented using the Lens Opacity Classification System (LOCS, III) on the first visit. Retinal arteriolar hemodynamics were measured using the high intensity laser setting of the Canon Laser Blood Flowmeter (CLBF) on each visit. Results Group mean retinal arteriolar diameter and blood flow were significantly lower following extracapsular cataract extraction (Wilcoxon signed‐rank test, p=0.022 and p=0.028 respectively); however, centreline blood velocity was unchanged (Wilcoxon signed‐rank test, p=0.074). The primary reason for failure to complete the study protocol was due to poor retinal image quality impairing CLBF measurement. Conclusion Densitometry assessment of vessel diameter is extraneously impacted by the presence of cataract. Care needs to be exercised in the interpretation of studies of retinal vessel diameter and blood flow that utilize densitometry techniques.
Supplementary Figures 1-17 from Combined Analysis of Antigen Presentation and T-cell Recognition Reveals Restricted Immune Responses in Melanoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figures 1-17&lt;/p&gt;
Clinical, laboratory, and temporal predictors of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 among COVID-19 convalescent plasma donor candidates (2020)

BACKGROUNDSARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies may protect from reinfection and disease, providing rationale for administration of plasma containing SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) as a treatment for COVID-19. Clinical factors and laboratory assays to streamline plasma donor selection, and the durability of nAb responses, are incompletely understood.METHODSPotential convalescent plasma donors with virologically documented SARS-CoV-2 infection were tested for serum IgG against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein S1 domain and against nucleoprotein (NP), and for nAb.RESULTSAmong 250 consecutive persons, including 27 (11%) requiring hospitalization, who were studied a median of 67 days since symptom onset, 97% were seropositive on 1 or more assays. Sixty percent of donors had nAb titers ≥1:80. Correlates of higher nAb titers included older age (adjusted OR [AOR] 1.03 per year of age, 95% CI 1.00-1.06), male sex (AOR 2.08, 95% CI 1.13-3.82), fever during illness (AOR 2.73, 95% CI 1.25-5.97), and disease severity represented by hospitalization (AOR 6.59, 95% CI 1.32-32.96). Receiver operating characteristic analyses of anti-S1 and anti-NP antibody results yielded cutoffs that corresponded well with nAb titers, with the anti-S1 assay being slightly more predictive. nAb titers declined in 37 of 41 paired specimens collected a median of 98 days (range 77-120) apart (P < 0.001). Seven individuals (2.8%) were persistently seronegative and lacked T cell responses.CONCLUSIONnAb titers correlated with COVID-19 severity, age, and sex. SARS-CoV-2 IgG results can serve as useful surrogates for nAb testing. Functional nAb levels declined, and a small proportion of convalescent individuals lacked adaptive immune responses.FUNDINGThe project was supported by the Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research with support from the NIAID under contract number 75N91019D00024, and was supported by the Fred Hutchinson Joel Meyers Endowment, Fast-Grants, a New Investigator award from the American Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, and NIH contracts 75N93019C0063, 75N91019D00024, and HHSN272201800013C, and NIH grants T32-AI118690, T32-AI007044, K08-AI119142, and K23-AI140918.