gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Front Cover Picture: Bandgap Engineering of Conjugated Nanoporous Poly‐benzobisthiadiazoles via Copolymerization for Enhanced Photocatalytic 1,2,3,4‐Tetrahydroquinoline Synthesis under Visible Light (Adv. Synth. Catal. 16/2016) (2016)

The front cover image, provided by Kai Zhang and co-workers, illustrates a precise bandgap engineering strategy to achieve fine justification of the valence and conduction band positions of nanoporous poly-benzobisthiadiazoles to optimally bracket the redox potential of the targeted photoredox reaction via copolymerization of the electron-withdrawing moieties into the polymer backbone. The enhanced photocatalytic activity of the polymers was demonstrated in the synthesis of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline, an important motif in pharmaceutical compounds, via photooxidative cyclization of N,N-dimethylanilines with maleimides. Details can be found in the communication on pages 2576–2582 (Z. J. Wang, S. Ghasimi, K. Landfester, K. A. I. Zhang, Adv. Synth. Catal. 2016, 358, 2576–2582; DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201600125).
Stereoselective Total Synthesis of (‐)‐Synrotolide Diacetate from D‐Ribose. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Structural analysis of the unmutated ancestor of the HIV-1 envelope V2 region antibody CH58 isolated from an RV144 vaccine efficacy trial vaccinee (2015)

Human monoclonal antibody CH58 isolated from an RV144 vaccinee binds at Lys169 of the HIV-1 Env gp120 V2 region, a site of vaccine-induced immune pressure. CH58 neutralizes HIV-1 CRF_01 AE strain 92TH023 and mediates ADCC against CD4 + T cell targets infected with CRF_01 AE tier 2 virus. CH58 and other antibodies that bind to a gp120 V2 epitope have a second light chain complementarity determining region (LCDR2) bearing a glutamic acid, aspartic acid (ED) motif involved in forming salt bridges with polar, basic side amino acid side chains in V2. In an effort to learn how V2 responses develop, we determined the crystal structures of the CH58-UA antibody unliganded and bound to V2 peptide. The structures showed an LCDR2 structurally pre-conformed from germline to interact with V2 residue Lys169. LCDR3 was subject to conformational selection through the affinity maturation process. Kinetic analyses demonstrate that only a few contacts were responsible for a 2000-fold increase in KD through maturation, and this effect was predominantly due to an improvement in off-rate. This study shows that preconformation and preconfiguration can work in concert to produce antibodies with desired immunogenic properties.
BUOYANCY INDUCED FLOWS DUE TO ENERGY SOURCES IN COLD QUIESCENT PURE AND SALINE WATER (1979)

From the simple density state equation of Gebhart and Mollendorf (1977), a relatively compact similarity formulation has resulted for vertical boundary layer flows, as developed by Gebhart and Mollendorf (1978). This treatment accommodates the occurrence of density extrema in the flow field. Calculations have been given there, and elsewhere, for many different vertical flow conditions, as well as for some horizontal ones. However, similarity does not in general result for non-isothermal assigned or resulting midplane conditions, when an unstratified ambient medium is not at the temperature at which the density extremum occurs. However, this is a common circumstance in applications. Here this limitation is removed in a perturbation analysis of three vertical flows: that arising from a vertical surface with uniform heat flux, a plane plume and the flow arising from a concentrated horizontal line source imbedded in a vertical adiabatic surface, i.e., a wall plume. Comparison of perturbation and similarity solutions is also made for the isothermal condition, to corroborate the perturbation formulation. The new formulation also avoids some calculation difficulties which attend buoyancy force reversal across the boundary region. Additional similarity solutions are also given in this range for the isothermal surface condition.
Author Correction: Generation of convergent light beams by using surface plasmon locked Smith-Purcell radiation (2017)

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML version of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.
Power flow in the air gap of linear electrical machines by utilisation of the Poynting vector: Part 2 ‐ simulations (2022)

Abstract Different types of linear generators are simulated and their power flow in the air gap is investigated. The results are compared to the analytical expressions derived in Part 1. The simulations and the analytical expressions in Part 1 show the same general behaviour, but the magnitudes are lower for the analytical expressions. One explanation for the difference in magnitude can be that the harmonics of the electric and magnetic fields contribute to the power flow, which is not accounted for in the analytical expressions. Due to results from Part 1, it is investigated if changing the number of poles can decrease the tangential power flow while the normal power flow stays the same. As was suspected, changing the number of poles affected several other factors, which lead to an increase in the normal power flow when increasing the number of poles, even though the electrical power was the same. The tangential power flow also decreased for three out of four generators. Thereby, increasing the number of poles while keeping the same length of the machine, at the cost of reduced pole‐pitch, should be done with precaution.
Probing Crystallization Effects when Processing Bulk-Heterojunction Active Layers: Comparing Fullerene and Nonfullerene Acceptors (2021)

Control of polymer aggregation by selective introduction of backbone disorder via random copolymerization has proven to be effective for optimizing the coating of fullerene-based bulk-heterojunction photovoltaics based on the strongly aggregating donor polymer PffBT4T-2OD. In this report, we apply the approach to a nonfullerene acceptor: IDTBR. We determine that a new terpolymer composition, PffBT4T80-co-3T20-2OD (80–20), is well behaved with respect to its processability and solid-state performance and is the best candidate for processing IDTBR blend films without using an excessively hot stage and/or processing solution during blade coating, achieving power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) approaching 9%. However, the PCEs of IDTBR devices are lower than those of PC71BM devices because of the reduced fill factor, which we attribute to IDTBR’s tendency to disrupt polymer crystallization during processing. Using real-time characterization methods, we discover that both acceptors affect the kinetics and extent of polymer crystallization during processing. Although the fullerene blends have increased polymer crystallinity, IDTBR delays the onset of polymer solidification, and the overall crystallinity in the blend of those otherwise ordered materials is compromised. Delayed polymer solidification with IDTBR suggests that the latter partially solubilizes the polymer, which does not form a favorable morphology for optimum photovoltaic performance when processing via spin or blade coating.
A SAW CONTIGUOUS FlLTEH BANK WITH AN M UEHlVEU LAUUEH (1988)

An m-derived ladder for combining SAW filters in a contiguous filter bank is proposed. The series element in each m-derived ladder section is composed of a parallel resonant circuit. The input transducer of a SAW filter is used as the shunt element in each section. A pole of attenuation is produced at the resonant frequency of the series element. Thus,the third harmonic spurious response of the SAW filter is much suppressed by setting the pole of attenuation in the vicinity of the third harmonic.
Survival for Up to Six Months in Calves Supported With an Implantable Axial Flow Ventricular Assist Device (1997)

This paper summarizes the authors' in vivo experience to date with an implantable axial flow blood pump designed for long-term ventricular support. This small, valveless pump with blood-lubricated bearings has been implanted in six calves (83 +/- 6 kg) as a left ventricular assist device (LVAS). The left ventricle and descending thoracic aorta were cannulated by left thoracotomy, and the pump was placed in a subcutaneous pocket below the costal margin. Animals remained hemodynamically stable throughout the course of support during partial left ventricular bypass. Five animals were killed after 15, 27, 52, 57, and 181 days. The longest survivor (181 days) demonstrated normal pump function at the time death. Pump speed was maintained at 10,100 +/- 100 rpm, with an average pump flow rate of 4.9 +/- 0.5 L/min under resting physiologic conditions. Average plasma free hemoglobin was 17.4 +/- 7.5 mg/dl. Renal, hepatic, and hematologic indices remained within physiologic range in all of these animals, except during the immediate postoperative period. Histopathologic analyses of major organs after death revealed small renal cortical infarcts in five of six animals; the remaining organs were normal. These animal studies support the feasibility of this small implanted axial flow pump for long-term ventricular assistance.
Phototactic guidance of a tissue-engineered soft-robotic ray (2016)

Inspired by the relatively simple morphological blueprint provided by batoid fish such as stingrays and skates, we created a biohybrid system that enables an artificial animal--a tissue-engineered ray--to swim and phototactically follow a light cue. By patterning dissociated rat cardiomyocytes on an elastomeric body enclosing a microfabricated gold skeleton, we replicated fish morphology at 1/10 scale and captured basic fin deflection patterns of batoid fish. Optogenetics allows for phototactic guidance, steering, and turning maneuvers. Optical stimulation induced sequential muscle activation via serpentine-patterned muscle circuits, leading to coordinated undulatory swimming. The speed and direction of the ray was controlled by modulating light frequency and by independently eliciting right and left fins, allowing the biohybrid machine to maneuver through an obstacle course.
Performance Evaluation of Horizontal Wells (1998)

Abstract In this paper, the use of various measurements for performance evaluation of horizontal wells is presented. First, determining formation pressure and permeability distributions along the wellbore by using the Multiprobe Formation Tester Packer-Probe Module pressure transient interval tests are investigated. It is shown that reservoir pressure measurements along the wellbore give local as well as reservoir scale information about how the reservoir is being depleted and how cleanup takes place. Second, a horizontal well buildup test interpretation is presented to show that minimizing the wellbore storage effect is crucial for system identification as well as for parameter estimation. Third, the productivity of horizontal wells is explored because it has been difficult to determine the horizontal well productivity due to their long length in the formation compared with vertical wells and inadequacy of measurements during drilling and production. Using field examples, we show that the new integrated production logging measurements can be used to assess horizontal well productivity by identifying productive zones, fluid entries, and determining the fluid distribution (oil, gas, and water) in the wellbore. We also show how reservoir heterogeneity affects the reservoir pressure distribution. The field examples indicate that horizontal wells have permanent water sumps, regardless of whether they produce water. In these wells, we show that when a large percentage of the wellbore cross section is filled with water, reduced oil entry oecurs. Performance simulations for these horizontal well indicate 30 to 50 percent productivity reduction when they are compared with their full potential.
Probabilistic decision-making under uncertainty for autonomous driving using continuous POMDPs (2014)

This paper presents a generic approach for tactical decision-making under uncertainty in the context of driving. The complexity of this task mainly stems from the fact that rational decision-making in this context must consider several sources of uncertainty: The temporal evolution of situations cannot be predicted without uncertainty because other road users behave stochastically and their goals and plans cannot be measured. Even more important, road users are only able to perceive a tiny part of the current situation with their sensors because measurements are noisy and most of the environment is occluded. In order to anticipate the consequences of decisions a probabilistic approach, considering both forms of uncertainty, is necessary. We address this by formulating the task of driving as a continuous Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP) that can be automatically optimized for different scenarios. As driving is a continuous-space problem, the belief space is infinite-dimensional. We do not use a symbolic representation or discretize the state space a priori because there is no representation of the state space that is optimal for every situation. Instead, we employ a continuous POMDP solver that learns a good representation of the specific situation.
The Prolyl Isomerase Pin1 Induces LC-3 Expression and Mediates Tamoxifen Resistance in Breast Cancer (2010)

Endocrine therapies, which inhibit estrogen receptor signaling, are the most common and effective treatments for estrogen receptoralpha-positive breast cancer. However, the utility of these agents is limited by the frequent development of resistance, and the precise mechanisms underlying endocrine therapy resistance remain incompletely understood. Here, we demonstrate that peptidyl-prolyl isomerase Pin1 is an important determinant of resistance to tamoxifen and show that Pin1 increases E2F-4- and Egr-1-driven expression of LC-3 as a result of an increased interaction with and phosphorylation of MEK1/2. In human tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer, our results show a significant correlation between Pin1 overexpression and high levels of LC-3. Promoter activity as well as expression levels of Pin1 were drastically higher in tamoxifen-resistant MCF7 cells than control MCF7 cells, as were levels of LC-3 mRNA and protein, an autophagy marker. Pin1(-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblasts showed lower 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced MEK1/2 phosphorylation than Pin1(+/+) mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Silencing of Pin1 expression inhibited TPA-induced MEK1/2 phosphorylation in MCF7 cells. Moreover, PD98059, a specific inhibitor of MEK1/2, and juglone, a potent Pin1 inhibitor, significantly suppressed the TPA-induced expression of E2F-4 as well as Egr-1 transcription factors, which control LC-3 gene expression. Importantly, 4-hydroxy tamoxifen, when used in combination with silencing of Pin1 or LC-3, increased cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and DNA fragmentation to inhibit cologenic growth of MCF7 cells. We therefore link the Pin1-MEK pathway and LC-3-mediated tamoxifen resistance and show the therapeutic potential of Pin1 in the treatment of tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer.
Router Support for Fine-Grained Latency Measurements (2012)

An increasing number of datacenter network applications, including automated trading and high-performance computing, have stringent end-to-end latency requirements where even microsecond variations may be intolerable. The resulting fine-grained measurement demands cannot be met effectively by existing technologies, such as SNMP, NetFlow, or active probing. We propose instrumenting routers with a hash-based primitive that we call a Lossy Difference Aggregator (LDA) to measure latencies down to tens of microseconds even in the presence of packet loss. Because LDA does not modify or encapsulate the packet, it can be deployed incrementally without changes along the forwarding path. When compared to Poisson-spaced active probing with similar overheads, our LDA mechanism delivers orders of magnitude smaller relative error; active probing requires 50-60 times as much bandwidth to deliver similar levels of accuracy. Although ubiquitous deployment is ultimately desired, it may be hard to achieve in the shorter term; we discuss a partial deployment architecture called mPlane using LDAs for intrarouter measurements and localized segment measurements for interrouter measurements.
Compact Microelectrode Array System:  Tool for in Situ Monitoring of Drug Effects on Neurotransmitter Release from Neural Cells (2008)

This paper presents a compact microelectrode array (MEA) system, to study potassium ion-induced dopamine release from PC12 neural cells, without relying on a micromanipulator and a microscope. The MEA chip was integrated with a custom-made "test jig", which provides a robust electrical interfacing tool between the microchip and the macroenvironment, together with a potentiostat and a microfluidic syringe pump. This integrated system significantly simplifies the operation procedures, enhances sensing performance, and reduces fabrication costs. The achieved detection limit for dopamine is 3.8 x 10-2 muM (signal/noise, S/N = 3) and the dopamine linear calibration range is up to 7.39 +/- 0.06 muM (mean +/- SE). The effects of the extracelluar matrix collagen coating of the microelectrodes on dopamine sensing behaviors, as well as the influences of K+ and l-3,4-digydroxyphenylalanine concentrations and incubation times on dopamine release, were extensively studied. The results show that our system is well suited for biologists to study chemical release from living cells as well as drug effects on secreting cells. The current system also shows a potential for further improvements toward a multichip array system for drug screening applications.
Optimally Adhering to Behavioral Priors in Unknown Environments with RRTs (2020)

Mission level plans often dictate a required autonomous robotic behavior, such as in the context of course setting, scheduling, surveying, etc. Behavioral priors can additionally narrow down problem scope and simplify online computations. Sampling based planning algorithms such as Rapidly Exploring Random Trees (RRTs) have gained significant attention due to provable properties such as completeness and asymptotic optimality. However, present RRT algorithms are limited to "planning from scratch" and do not incorporate higher level information in the form of desired trajectory priors as they generate optimal trajectories. In this paper we propose a reformulation of RRTs to incorporate desired trajectory priors that enables robotic systems to simultaneously adhere to a prescribed trajectory while avoiding unforeseen obstacles in the field surrounding the prescribed trajectory. We demonstrate our approach in simulation and discuss various algorithmic properties of the proposed approach.
Potential antitumor agents. 49. 5-Substituted derivatives of N-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-9-aminoacridine-4-carboxamide with in vivo solid-tumor activity (1987)

Derivatives of N-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-9-aminoacridine-4-carboxamide bearing a wide variety of different groups at the 5-position (and for comparative purposes at the 7-position) have been prepared, and their physicochemical properties and biological activities have been determined. Although both 5- and 7-substituted compounds bind equally well to DNA by intercalation, only the 5-substituted compounds have in vivo antitumor activity. All the 5-substituted compounds showed in vivo antileukemic activity, but only those bearing electron-withdrawing substituents sufficiently powerful to ensure the acridine chromophore was uncharged at physiological pH showed activity in vivo against the Lewis lung solid tumor. The weakly basic derivatives do not show greater intrinsic cytotoxicity or selectivity toward solid tumor cells, and their broader spectrum of in vivo antitumor activity is attributed to the fact that they exist predominantly as monocations, which can distribute more efficiently.
RNA Polymerases from Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli Differ in Recognition of Regulatory Signals In Vitro (2000)

Adaptation of bacterial cells to diverse habitats relies on the ability of RNA polymerase to respond to various regulatory signals. Some of these signals are conserved throughout evolution, whereas others are species specific. In this study we present a comprehensive comparative analysis of RNA polymerases from two distantly related bacterial species, Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, using a panel of in vitro transcription assays. We found substantial species-specific differences in the ability of these enzymes to escape from the promoter and to recognize certain types of elongation signals. Both enzymes responded similarly to other pause and termination signals and to the general E. coli elongation factors NusA and GreA. We also demonstrate that, although promoter recognition depends largely on the sigma subunit, promoter discrimination exhibited in species-specific fashion by both RNA polymerases resides in the core enzyme. We hypothesize that differences in signal recognition are due to the changes in contacts made between the beta and beta' subunits and the downstream DNA duplex.
CASPER: Compiler-Assisted Securing of Programs at Runtime (2002)

Abstract : Ensuring the security and integrity of computer systems deployed on the Internet is growing harder. This is especially true in the case of server systems based on open source projects like Linux, Apache, Sendmail, etc. since it is easier for a hacker to get access to the binary format of deployed applications if the source code to the software is publicly accessible. Often, having a binary copy of an application program is enough to help locate security vulnerabilities in the program. In the case of legacy systems where the source code is not available, advanced reverse-engineering and decompilation techniques can be used to construct attacks. This paper focuses on measures that reduce the effectiveness of hackers at conducting large-scale, distributed attacks. The first line of defense involves additional runtime checks that are able to counteract the majority of hacking attacks. Introducing diversity in deployed systems to severely diminish the probability of propagation to other systems helps to prevent effective attacks like the DDOS attack against the DNS root servers in October 21, 2002.
Front Matter: Volume 8373 (2012)

This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 8373, including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, Introduction (if any), and the Conference Committee listing.
1335Transfer and Persistence of Antibodies in Infants Following Maternal Immunization with an Investigational Trivalent Group B Streptococcus Vaccine (2014)

Background. Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a serious cause of meningitis and sepsis in young infants. We assessed maternal immunization with an investigational trivalent GBS polysaccharide-CRM conjugate vaccine, with follow-up of both mothers and infants (clinicaltrials.gov NCT01446289).