gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pantograph wear assesment in overhead conductor rail systems (2011)

Wear is the phenomenon that determines the lifetime of the collector strips. Since wear is an inevitable effect on pantograph-catenary systems, it is necessary to determine optimal operating conditions that can mitigate its effects. In this study we have performed a simulation model of the pantograph-overhead conductor rail system which allows the evaluation of the dynamic conditions of the system through the contact force. With these results we have made an evaluation of the quality of current collection, a calculation of the pantograph wear and a definition of the optimal operation conditions of the pantograph-overhead conductor rail system.
Some Phylogenetical Aspects on the Occurrence of Somatostatin in the Gastro-Entero-Pancreatic Endocrine System (1977)

Rodioimmunoassayable somatostatin (SRIF) was found in acid ethanol extracts from various parts of the gastro-entero-pancreatic (GEP) endocrine system in reptiles, amphibians, teleost bony fish, cartilaginous fish, and jawless fish, as well as in a deuterostomian invertebrate, the tunicate, Ciona intestinalis. The cellular sites could, as a rule, be easily visualized light-microscopically by the peroxidase-anti-peroxidase (PAP) immunocytochemical procedure, using guinea-pig and rabbit antisera against synthetic SRIF. The standard Hellerström-Hellman technique, used to detect argyrophi SRIF-storing D cells, failed to visualize the SRIF cells in teh GEP endocrine system of the tumicate and of the jaw-less fish. Moreover, the results comfirmed the previous description that this technique only exceptionally (and sometimes only after further modifications) gave positive results when applied to the GEP endocrine system of bony fish, amphibians, and reptiles. In cartilaginous fish, however, it worked adequately and confirmed the radio-immunological and immunocytochemical observations. In the mucosa of the alimentary tract and in the parenchyma of its associated glands of one echinoderm and two pelecypod molluscs and one crustacean arthropod no sgns of the occurrence of SRIF-storing cells were observed using the three correlated procedures. In several of these tissues, signs of the occurrence of insulin-producing cells had perviously been observed. Thus, SRIF seems to appear at a later evolutionary stage than insulin. The principal islets (Brockmann corpusles) of the marine teleost fish, Cottus scorpius, had the highest concentrations of radioimmunoassayable SRIF of all the GEP organs and tissues investigated, viz. about 200 ng/mg wet weight. Nevertheless, it was only 1/5 of the actual insulin content.
Ultra fast distance protection (2010)

The chief advantage that the distance relay has over current-only based line protection schemes is its ability to provide a defined zone of protection without the need for a communications channel a so-called direct tripping, under-reaching zone. This zone must operate for faults within its zone of coverage with no appreciable time delay and restrain itself for all faults beyond its reach. It must do this in the presence of complicating factors such as fault resistance, circuit loading, switching transients, power swings, and instrument transformer errors. This paper focuses on the internal mechanisms and external influences that affect the speed of operation of the under-reaching zone of the distance relay. It presents a new approach that achieves sub-cycle performance for a broad range of conditions. The present paper details why it's difficult for a distance relay to be fast. The relay shall respond to relatively small changes in voltage and current. In order to do so the relay must extract phasor components from the waveform. Shortening the window for phasor estimation risks responding to non-fundamental components (errors). If there were no errors in the waveform then this would not be an issue. However the natural response of both the power system and the instrument transformers do produce significant errors. A variety of approaches have been taken to improve performance. A time domain implementation is presented that promises to provide faster operating time. This approach allows filtering to be delayed until later in the process. As well a filter is presented that effectively removes the transient component of the CVT. The proposed algorithm takes the form of an accelerator, which is logically ORed with a more conventional, frequency domain (phasor-based) algorithm. Carrying out calculations in the time domain promises to preserve much more of the information contained in the signals. The voltages and currents are first decomposed into rectangular components (D and Q) using two short-window filters. The term orthogonal refers to a matched pair of filters that mathematically meet the condition of being perpendicular. The figure below shows the time domain plot of the original signal (iA) and its corresponding D and Q components (iAd, iAq), where iAq is lagging iAd by exact 90 degrees. (5 pages)
Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of water self-diffusion in porous systems (2003)

Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was used to study the self-diffusion of water in porous systems that respond to a change in water content in order to elucidate the porous structure and the properties of the confined water. In the carbohydrate systems cellulose fibers and starch granules, water is free to move throughout the porous objects, albeit with a rate reduced from the value of the bulk liquid, The reduction is related to the tortuosity of the pore space filled by water. A decrease of water content leads to a contraction of the porous network and an increased tortuosity. The anisotropic arrangement of the structural elements leads to an anisotropic water diffusion which can be quantified using high-quality NMR self-diffusion data and an adequate model for data analysis. Experiments performed at temperatures below the bulk freezing point showed that nonfreezing water exists as object-spanning films with a thickness of at least a few molecular diameters. Cross relaxation between protons in liquid and solid domains was found to be crucial for the interpretation of the diffusion data. A technique to extend the range of experimental time scales for diffusion was demonstrated on a concentrated water-in-oil emulsion. A numerical method to compare experimental frequency-domain and theoretical time-domain apparent diffusion coefficients was proposed. The Fourier relation between the signal obtained with the NMR self-diffusion experiment and the structure of the pore occupied by water was utilized for a model system consisting of a single water film. Methods analogous to the interpretation of X-ray diffraction data was used for the retrieval of the pore shape from the experimental data.
An Original Evaluation of the Wearing Course Macrotexture Evolution using the Abbot Curve (2009)

ABSTRACT The wearing course is the top surface layer of the road. The road surface has multiple functions the main one being traffic safety, which is conditioned by skid resistance. This skid resistance is conditioned by pavement texture. This paper presents an experimental procedure allowing to evaluate surface macrotexture evolution of an asphalt concrete specimen by laboratory testing. Specimen surface changes through the application of a sinusoidal repeated load at high temperature. The studied surface is scanned before and after mechanical testing using a laser profiler. Texture maps are analysed using Abbott curve which is also called bearing ratio curve. The 3D analysis enables to quantify macrotexture evolution under repeated traffic conditions and to analyze the influence of both temperature and binder.
Long-term follow-up of a randomized trial comparing conventional paclitaxel and carboplatin with dose-dense weekly paclitaxel and carboplatin in women with advanced epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer: JGOG 3016 trial. (2012)

5003 Background: The primary analysis of the JGOG3016 trial (Lancet 2009, 374:1331) showed that dose-dense weekly administration with paclitaxel and carboplatin (dd-TC) demonstrated statistically significant efficiency over tri-weekly administration withTC (c-TC) as first-line chemotherapy in patients with stage II-IV epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube or primary peritoneal cancer. We report the long-term follow-up results on progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Methods: Patients with stage II to IV ovarian cancer were randomly assigned to receive c-TC (carboplatin AUC 6 and paclitaxel 180 mg/m 2 on day 1) or dd-TC (carboplatin AUC 6 on day 1 and paclitaxel 80 mg/m 2 on day 1, 8, 15). The treatments were repeated every 3 weeks for six cycles; in responding patients, additional three cycles were administered. Results: The analysis included eligible 631 patients. At 6.4 years of median follow-up, there continues to be a highly statistically significant improvement in median PFS in favor of the dd-TC group compared with the c-TC group (28.1 vs. 17.5 months, hazard ratio [HR] 0.75, 95% CI, 0.62-0.91; P=0.0037). Median survival has not yet been reached in the dd-TC group, and OS at 5 years was higher in the dd-TC group than the c-TC group (58.6% vs. 51.0%, HR 0.79, 95% CI, 0.63-0.99; P =0.0448). Conclusions: The dd-TC improves long-term PFS and OS in patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer.
Recent advances in the preparation of zeolites for the selective catalytic reduction of NOx in diesel engines (2018)

Metal-exchanged zeolites with small pore sizes have attracted much attention in recent years due to their application in the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx in diesel engines.
[Quantitative estimation of brain atrophy and function with PET and MRI two-dimensional projection images]. (2001)

The purposed method using 2-D projection images of MRI and PET is clinically useful for quantitative assessment of atrophic change and functional disorder of cerebral cortex.
Re: MicroRNA-449a Acts as a Tumor Suppressor in Human Bladder Cancer Through the Regulation of Pocket Proteins (2012)

No AccessJournal of UrologyInvestigative Urology1 Jan 2013Re: MicroRNA-449a Acts as a Tumor Suppressor in Human Bladder Cancer Through the Regulation of Pocket Proteins Anthony AtalaM.D. Anthony AtalaAnthony Atala More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2012.09.105AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Re: MicroRNA-449a Acts as a Tumor Suppressor in Human Bladder Cancer Through the Regulation of Pocket Proteins." The Journal of Urology, 189(1), p. 385 © 2013 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 189Issue 1January 2013Page: 385 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2013 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Anthony Atala More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
COMPARE (2021)

Data analysis often involves comparing subsets of data across many dimensions for finding unusual trends and patterns. While the comparison between subsets of data can be expressed using SQL, they tend to be complex to write, and suffer from poor performance over large and high-dimensional datasets. In this paper, we propose a new logical operator COMPARE for relational databases that concisely captures the enumeration and comparison between subsets of data and greatly simplifies the expressing of a large class of comparative queries. We extend the database engine with optimization techniques that exploit the semantics of COMPARE to significantly improve the performance of such queries. We have implemented these extensions inside Microsoft SQL Server, a commercial DBMS engine. Our extensive evaluation on synthetic and real-world datasets shows that COMPARE results in a significant speedup over existing approaches, including physical plans generated by today's database systems, user-defined functions (UDFs), as well as middleware solutions that compare subsets outside the databases.
Helical screw sense of peptide molecules: The pentapeptide system (Aib)4/L-Val[L-(αMe)Val] in the crystal state (1998)

The crystal-state preferred conformations of six Nα-blocked pentapeptide esters, each containing four helicogenic, achiral α-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib) residues followed by one chiral L-valine (L-Val) or Cα-methyl-L-valine [(αMe)Val] residue at the C-terminus, have been assessed by x-ray diffraction analysis. In all of the compounds the (Aib)4 sequence is folded in a regular 310-helical conformation. In the four pentapeptides characterized by the L-(αMe)Val residue two conformationally distinct molecules occur in the asymmetric unit. Conversely, only one molecule is observed in the asymmetric unit of two pentapeptides with the C-terminal L-Val residue. In the L-Val based peptides the helical screw sense of the (Aib)4 sequence is right-handed, whereas in the L(αMe)Val analogues both right- and left-handed helical screw senses concomitantly occur in the two crystallographically independent molecules. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biopoly 46: 433–443, 1998
Bounds on the quantum satisfiability threshold (2009)

Quantum k-SAT is the problem of deciding whether there is a n-qubit state which is perpendicular to a set of vectors, each of which lies in the Hilbert space of k qubits. Equivalently, the problem is to decide whether a particular type of local Hamiltonian has a ground state with zero energy. We consider random quantum k-SAT formulas with n variables and m = αn clauses, and ask at what value of αthese formulas cease to be satisfiable. We show that the threshold for random quantum 3-SAT is at most 3.594. For comparison, convincing arguments from statistical physics suggest that the classical 3-SAT threshold is α\approx 4.267. For larger k, we show that the quantum threshold is a constant factor smaller than the classical one. Our bounds work by determining the generic rank of the satisfying subspace for certain gadgets, and then using the technique of differential equations to analyze various algorithms that partition the hypergraph into a collection of these gadgets. Our use of differential equation to establish upper bounds on a satisfiability threshold appears to be novel, and our techniques may apply to various classical problems as well.
Formation of Al-Cu via/interconnect by low-pressure collimated sputtering (1995)

This paper describes the effect of low-pressure collimated sputtering (LPCS) on deposition rates, step coverages, and electrical properties of Al-Cu. The LPCS deposition is achieved in a magnetron sputter deposition system with a hollow cathode and collimator. The deposition results show that as the via or line size reduces, a complete fill requires a monotonic increase in the aspect ratio of the collimator which limits the throughput for a thick deposition, especially at high pressures (≳1 mT). The benefit of the LPCS is the improved deposition rate (scaled to power) of 1.5–2× compared to the conventional high-pressure collimated deposition. The integration of LPCS process to fabricate a two-level Al-Cu metal structure with submicron Al-Cu studs (aspect ratio of 2) shows excellent via and electromigration resistances.
Promotion of Bone Regeneration Using Bioinspired PLGA/MH/ECM Scaffold Combined with Bioactive PDRN (2021)

Current approaches of biomaterials for the repair of critical-sized bone defects still require immense effort to overcome numerous obstacles. The biodegradable polymer-based scaffolds have been required to expand further function for bone tissue engineering. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) is one of the most common biopolymers owing to its biodegradability for tissue regenerations. However, there are major clinical challenges that the byproducts of the PLGA cause an acidic environment of implanting site. The critical processes in bone repair are osteogenesis, angiogenesis, and inhibition of excessive osteoclastogenesis. In this study, the porous PLGA (P) scaffold was combined with magnesium hydroxide (MH, M) and bone-extracellular matrix (bECM, E) to improve anti-inflammatory ability and osteoconductivity. Additionally, the bioactive polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN, P) was additionally incorporated in the existing PME scaffold. The prepared PMEP scaffold has pro-osteogenic and pro-angiogenic effects and inhibition of osteoclast due to the PDRN, which interacts with the adenosine A<sub>2A</sub> receptor agonist that up-regulates expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and down-regulates inflammatory cytokines. The PMEP scaffold has superior biological properties for human bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation in vitro. Moreover, the gene expressions related to osteogenesis and angiogenesis of hBMSCs increased and the inflammatory factors decreased on the PMEP scaffold. In conclusion, it provides a promising strategy and clinical potential candidate for bone tissue regeneration and repairing bone defects.
Elastomeric focusing enables application of hydraulic principles to solid materials in order to create micromechanical actuators with giant displacements (2017)

A continuing challenge in material science is how to create active materials in which shape changes or displacements can be generated electrically or thermally. Here we borrow principles from hydraulics, in particular that confined geometries can be used to focus expansion into large displacements, to create solid materials with amplified shape changes. Specifically, we confined an elastomeric poly(dimethylsiloxane) sheet between two more rigid layers and caused focused expansion into embossed channels by local resistive heating, resulting in a 10x greater relative displacement than the unconfined geometry. We used this effect to create electrically controlled microfluidic valves that open and close in less than 100 ms, can cycle &gt;10,000 times, and operate with as little as 20 mW of power. We investigate this mechanism and establish design rules by varying dimensions, configurations, and materials. We show the generality of elastomeric focusing by creating additional devices where local heating and expansion are generated either wirelessly through inductive coupling or optically with a laser, allowing arbitrary and dynamic positioning of a microfluidic valve along the channels.
Efficient plasmonic emission by the quantum Čerenkov effect from hot carriers in graphene (2016)

Graphene plasmons have been found to be an exciting plasmonic platform, thanks to their high field confinement and low phase velocity, motivating contemporary research to revisit established concepts in light-matter interaction. In a conceptual breakthrough over 80 years old, Čerenkov showed how charged particles emit shockwaves of light when moving faster than the phase velocity of light in a medium. To modern eyes, the Čerenkov effect offers a direct and ultrafast energy conversion scheme from charge particles to photons. The requirement for relativistic particles, however, makes Čerenkov emission inaccessible to most nanoscale electronic and photonic devices. Here we show that graphene plasmons provide the means to overcome this limitation through their low phase velocity and high field confinement. The interaction between the charge carriers flowing inside graphene and the plasmons enables a highly efficient two-dimensional Čerenkov emission, giving a versatile, tunable and ultrafast conversion mechanism from electrical signal to plasmonic excitation.
The bio/materials interface (2002)

A combination of five materials/techniques has provided a new set of tools to use in examining and controlling the interaction of biological systems with man-made materials: 1. Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of alkanethiolates on gold, to control the character of the interface; 2. "Inert surfaces" (surfaces that do not adsorb proteins and therefore do not allow cells to attach); 3. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR), a technique that makes it possible to observe the kinetics and infer the thermodynamics of adsorption of proteins and other biological macromolecules at the surface of SAMs; 4. Soft lithography, to pattern the interface in its plane; 5. Controlled, laminar flows in microchannels, which provide the basis for methods both of fabrication inside capillaries and for controlling the environment of cells in these capillaries. This talk discusses the use of this set of tools in understanding the interaction of proteins with engineered surfaces, and in using surfaces and media patterned in ways that help to explore the interactions of mammalian and microbial cells with these surfaces. Perhaps surprisingly, the former subject has been the more difficult: one does not yet fully understand the mechanism of adsorption of proteins on surfaces. The latter, although still in an early stage of development, shows clear promise of allowing the metabolisms of cells to be manipulated through design of the characteristics of the surface to which they are attached.
Direct Conversion of Syngas to Higher Alcohols via Tandem Integration of Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis and Reductive Hydroformylation (2022)

Abstract The selective conversion of syngas to higher alcohols is an attractive albeit elusive route in the quest for effective production of chemicals from alternative carbon resources. We report the tandem integration of solid cobalt Fischer–Tropsch and molecular hydroformylation catalysts in a one‐pot slurry‐phase process. Unprecedented selectivities (&gt;50 wt %) to C 2+ alcohols are achieved at CO conversion levels &gt;70 %, alongside negligible CO 2 side‐production. The efficient overall transformation is enabled by catalyst engineering, bridging gaps in operation temperature and intrinsic selectivity which have classically precluded integration of these reactions in a single conversion step. Swift capture of 1 ‐olefin Fischer–Tropsch primary products by the molecular hydroformylation catalyst, presumably within the pores of the solid catalyst is key for high alcohol selectivity. The results underscore that controlled cooperation between solid aggregate and soluble molecular metal catalysts, which pertain to traditionally dichotomic realms of heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis, is a promising blueprint toward selective conversion processes.
Perimeter Treatments with Two Bait Formulations of Pyriproxyfen for Control of Pharaoh Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) (1996)

Pyriproxyfen, a juvenile hormone analog, was formulated into 2 types of baits and applied to the exterior of buildings for control of natural infestations of the Pharaoh ant, Monomorium phamonis (L.). Pyriproxyfen baits were formulated at 0.5 and 1% by weight in an unprocessed peanut oil attractant applied to a pregel defatted corn grit carrier and at 0.25% in a composite bait consisting of unknown ingredients. Both baits effectively controlled the ants. Worker numbers were reduced between 84.5 and 94.3% at 2.5 wk after the 2nd bait application when the 0.25% pyriproxyfen composite bait was applied to apartment buildings with separate apartments. Outdoor worker numbers were reduced 84% 2 wk after the 2nd bait application when 0.5% pyriproxyfen bait was applied to a large building with separate wings. A reduction of >85% in worker number was not observed in the 1% pyriproxyfen treatment until 8 wk after the 2nd bait application; however, no ants were ever found indoors in this treatment. Dyes in the pyriproxyfen oil treatments were used to determine if ants foraged from one treatment area to the next. Calco oil dyes used as markers in the oil bait were detectable in the postpharyngeal gland of the queens and workers for up to 14 wk after baiting in the field and 17 wk after baiting in the laboratory. A perimeter treatment applied to large buildings with separate wings was more difficult to evaluate than treatments applied to separate buildings containing multiple apartments because contaminated ants from treated areas, as indicated by the presence of dye, were found in the controls.