gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Crystal structure of the manganese transport regulatory protein from Escherichia coli (2009)

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Electrophysiology of T lymphocyte cholinergic receptors. (1980)

The presence of functional muscarinic-cholinergic receptors on at least some T lymphocytes is suggested by the existence of saturable, high-affinity, specific muscarinic binding in T cell-enriched, but not in B cell-enriched, cell suspensions and by observed cholinergic effects on lymphocytes, (e.g., increased lytic capacity of cytotoxic lymphocytes preincubated with muscarinic agents). In this study, we used flow cytometry and a fluorescent probe of membrane potential, the cyanine dye 3,3'-dihexyloxacarbocyanine iodide, to examine the effects of cholinergic agonists and antagonists on the membrane potentials of lymphocytes in T cell-enriched and B cell-enriched suspensions. Acetylcholine (AcCho) and carbamoylcholine (CbmCho) depolarized the membranes of T cells, but not of B cells; the maximal depolarization was produced by 10 nM AcCho or by 1 nM CbmCho. Depolarization following exposure to these concentrations of agonists was maximal by 5-8 min; T cell membrane potentials returned to control values by 13-15 min. Less marked depolarization was produced by 100 nM AcCho and 10 nM CbmCho; 100 pM CbmCho was only slightly less effective than 1 nM CbmCho, and the depolarization persisted 12 min after exposure. Depolarization induced by 1 nM AcCho was abolished when AcCho was combined with 10 nM atropine but not when AcCho was combined with 1 nM atropine or 200 nM d-tubocurarine. The time course of the membrane potential response and its dependence on the relative concentrations of AcCho and specific cholinergic blocking agents correlate well with both binding studies and biological effects. Our results provide evidence that T lymphocytes have functional muscarinic receptors; the flow cytometric method should be generally applicable to studies of the electrophysiology and pharmacology of receptor-ligand interactions.
Physical Insights into the ESD behavior of Drain Extended FinFETs (2018)

In this paper, physical insights of Drain extended FinFET under ESD stress condition is explored. Key features like bipolar triggering, conductivity modulation and localized hot spot formation pertaining to DeFinFET failure mechanism are discussed comprehensively. Non-uniformity and filament formation in multi-finger DeFinFET is explored.
Growing Conditions for Algae (2014)

With the growing demands of water in California and the increasing cost of fossil fuels to operate water-cleaning equipment, Algae was cultivated in different concentrations of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium (NPK) during different trails to identify the best growing conditions for the removal water contaminates. Before testing algae in waste water, the Algae: Dunaliella Primolecta, Chlorella Vulgaris, and Scenedesmus Dimorphus were cultivated in four different media containing distilled water and plant vitamins. The different mediums used include: Orchid Grow More (20-20-20), Miracle Grow (30-10-10), Murashige & Skoog, and Orchid Bloom Boster (11-35-15). As a result of the investigation, the algae, Scenedesmus Dimorphus, had the best growing conditions of the three algae species. In order to find out if Algae can be used to remove contaminants from waste water, further experiments must be completed. These experiments will include acquiring waste water from different locations in California and growing the three different types of algae species in waste water as well as the waste water with the different media.
Elicitation of pneumovirus-specific B cell responses by a prefusion-stabilized respiratory syncytial virus F subunit vaccine (2022)

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a substantial cause of morbidity and mortality globally. A candidate RSV prefusion (pre-F)-stabilized subunit vaccine, DS-Cav1, has previously been shown to elicit potent and durable neutralizing activity in a phase 1 clinical trial in healthy adults. Here, we used fluorescently labeled probes and flow cytometry to evaluate the antigen specificity and phenotype of RSV F-specific B cells longitudinally after DS-Cav1 immunization. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) collected at time points before the first immunization through the end of the trial at 44 weeks were assessed by flow cytometry. Our data demonstrate a rapid increase in the frequency of pre-F-specific IgG<sup>+</sup> and IgA<sup>+</sup> B cells after the first immunization and a modest increase after a second immunization at week 12. Nearly all F-specific B cells down-regulated CD21 and up-regulated the proliferation marker CD71 after the first immunization, with less pronounced activation after the second immunization. Memory B cells (CD27<sup>+</sup>CD21<sup>+</sup>) specific for pre-F remained elevated above baseline at 44 weeks after vaccination. DS-Cav1 vaccination also activated human metapneumovirus (HMPV) cross-reactive B cells capable of binding prefusion-stabilized HMPV F protein and increased HMPV F-binding antibodies and neutralizing activity for HMPV in some participants. In summary, vaccination with RSV pre-F resulted in the expansion and activation of RSV and HMPV F-specific B cells that were maintained above baseline for at least 10 months and could contribute to long-term pneumovirus immunity.
ChemInform Abstract: FACILE P‐C BOND CLEAVAGE IN THE REACTIONS OF NITRILE OXIDES WITH ZEROVALENT TRIPHENYLPHOSPHINE PLATINUM COMPLEXES (1981)

Abstract Der Platin‐Komplex (II) reagiert mit den Nitriloxiden (Ia) und (Ib) zu den Verbindungen (III)‐(V).
Video Enhancement Network Based on Max-Pooling and Hierarchical Feature Fusion (2021)

In this paper, we propose an efficient convolution neural network to enhance the quality of video compressed by HEVC standard. The model is composed of a max-pooling module and a hierarchical feature fusion module. The max-pooling module extracts feature from different scales and enlarges the receptive field of the model without stacking too many convolution layers. And the hierarchical feature fusion module accurately aligns features from different scales and fuses them efficiently. Two modules are applied in the proposed network, our model reconstructs compressed video frames with higher visual quality. Besides, the model is constructed in the full convolution network, thus it can adapt to videos in variable resolutions. The experiment results show that the proposed model outperforms existing models in the terms of PSNR under the same dataset.
Purification and Characterization of the Human SR 31747A-binding Protein (1997)

SR 31747A, defined as a sigma ligand, is a novel immunosuppressive agent that blocks proliferation of human and mouse lymphocytes. Using a radiolabeled chemical probe, we here purified a target of SR 31747A and called it SR 31747A-binding protein (SR-BP). Purified SR-BP retained its binding properties and migrated on SDS-polyacrylamide gel as a Mr 28,000 protein. Cloning of the cDNA encoding human SR-BP shows an open reading frame for a 223-amino acid protein, which is homologous to the recently cloned sigma 1 receptor. Interestingly, the deduced amino acid sequence was found to be related to fungal C8-C7 sterol isomerase, encoded by the ERG2 gene. The ERG2 gene product has been identified recently as the molecular target of SR 31747A that mediates antiproliferative effects of the drug in yeast. Northern blot analysis of SR-BP gene expression revealed a single transcript of 2 kilobases which was widely expressed among organs, with the highest abundance in liver and the lowest abundance in brain. Subcellular localization analysis in various cells, using a specific monoclonal antibody raised against SR-BP, demonstrated that this protein was associated with the nuclear envelope. When studying the binding of SR 31747A on membranes from yeast expressing SR-BP, we found a pharmacological profile of sigma 1 receptors; binding was displaced by (+)-pentazocine, haloperidol, and (+)-SKF 10,047, with (+)-SKF 10, 047 being a more potent competitor than (-)-SKF 10,047. Scatchard plot analysis revealed Kd values of 7.1 nM and 0.15 nM for (+)-pentazocine and SR 31747A, respectively, indicating an affinity of SR-BP 50-fold higher for SR 31747A than for pentazocine. Additionally, we showed that pentazocine, a competitive inhibitor of SR 31747A binding, also prevents the immunosuppressive effect of SR 31747A. Taken together, these findings strongly suggest that SR-BP represents the molecular target for SR 31747A in mammalian tissues, which could be critical for T cell proliferation.
Plaque Echolucency May Play a Critical Role in Predicting Cerebral Embolization in Patients Undergoing Carotid Angioplasty and Stenting (2015)

Introduction Despite ongoing studies, the relationship of plaque echomorphology with increased risk of stroke in patients undergoing carotid angioplasty and stenting (CAS) remains elusive. The aim of this study is to examine whether carotid plaque echolucency is associated with greater plaque instability as determined by the quantification of captured embolic debris in CAS patients. Methods A total of 41 consecutive CAS patients with high-grade carotid stenosis were prospectively evaluated. B-mode images for 21 patients were available for analysis. Plaque echolucency was determined by grayscale median (GSM), a computer-assisted measure of echogenicity. Images were standardized with a GSM value of 0–5 for the vessel lumen and 185–195 for the adventitia. Echolucent (EL) plaques were defined by GSM &lt; 25, and echogenic (EG) plaques were defined by GSM ≥ 25. Protective filters were visualized by stereomicroscopy along three perpendicular axes and quantified through video imaging software. Because of heterogeneity in particle shape, individual particle sizes were determined by greatest length. Results Mean GSM was 45.5, and 10% plaques were echolucent. Particulate debris was detected in all filters. Plaques with lower GSM were associated with a greater number of particles (EL: 33.5 ± 10.6 particles, EG: 14.0 ± 10.3 particles; p = 0.02). Echolucent plaques also demonstrated particles of greater size: maximum size (EL: 3490 ± 1954 μm, EG: 1026 ± 1186 μm; p = 0.015) and number of particles &gt;1000 μm (EL: 3.5 ± 2.1 particles, EG: 0.7 ± 1.4 particles; p = 0.019). Conclusions Echolucent carotid plaques, as determined by GSM, may cause increased embolization of greater-sized embolic debris during CAS. Our study confirms previous findings that suggest that a GSM cut-off point of 25 may be linked with the release of more embolic debris. Therefore, increased plaque echolucency may place patients at greater risk for perioperative embolic events, making patients with such lesion characteristics more likely to experience postprocedural neurologic complications.
OFDM Spectral Precoding with Protected Subcarriers (2013)

A new precoder structure reduces an OFDM signal's out-of-band emission by tens of decibels while allowing a receiver to employ a classical OFDM channel estimator.
Application of maximum likelihood estimator in nano-scale optical path length measurement using spectral-domain optical coherence phase microscopy (2008)

Spectral-domain optical coherence phase microscopy (SD-OCPM) measures minute phase changes in transparent biological specimens using a common path interferometer and a spectrometer based optical coherence tomography system. The Fourier transform of the acquired interference spectrum in spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) is complex and the phase is affected by contributions from inherent random noise. To reduce this phase noise, knowledge of the probability density function (PDF) of data becomes essential. In the present work, the intensity and phase PDFs of the complex interference signal are theoretically derived and the optical path length (OPL) PDF is experimentally validated. The full knowledge of the PDFs is exploited for optimal estimation (Maximum Likelihood estimation) of the intensity, phase, and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in SD-OCPM. Maximum likelihood (ML) estimates of the intensity, SNR, and OPL images are presented for two different scan modes using Bovine Pulmonary Artery Endothelial (BPAE) cells. To investigate the phase accuracy of SD-OCPM, we experimentally calculate and compare the cumulative distribution functions (CDFs) of the OPL standard deviation and the square root of the Cramér-Rao lower bound (1/ square root 2SNR ) over 100 BPAE images for two different scan modes. The correction to the OPL measurement by applying ML estimation to SD-OCPM for BPAE cells is demonstrated.
Fast Loading, Slow Release – A New Strategy for Incorporating Antibiotics to Hydroxyapatite (2008)

The aim of this study was to investigate if it is possible to fast load hydroxyapatite with antibiotics and still obtain a slow but therapeutic release of drugs during several hours. Physical vapour deposition was used to coat commercially pure titanium with a layer of anatase TiO2. On top of this, a layer of hydroxyapatite was deposited using biomimetic precipitation. This hydroxyapatite coating was then soaked in solutions containing antibiotics for various amounts of times. The release rate of the antibiotics was measured in PBS during 22 hours. The released amount was compared with the results from an antimicrobial susceptibility test and proved to be sufficient to kill several ml of bacterial broth during the time of the release measurements. It was shown that the soaking time does not affect the release rate and the results suggest that it is possible to develop implants with the option to add antibiotics to their surface at the site of surgery by a simple soaking method.
Toward a gene regulatory network model for evolving chemotaxis behavior (2008)

Inspired from bacteria, a gene regulatory network model for signal transduction is presented in this paper. After describing experiments on stabilizing the population size for sustained open-ended evolution, we examine the ability of the model to evolve gradient-following behavior resembling bacterial chemotaxis. Under the conditions defined in this paper, an overwhelming chemotaxis behavior does not seem to emerge. Further experimentation suggests that chemotaxis is selectively favored, however, it is shown that the gradient information, which is critical for evolving chemotaxis, is heavily degraded under the current regime. It is hypothesized that lack of consistent gradient information results in the selection of non chemotaxis behavior. Future work on revising the model as well as the environmental setups is discussed.
Visible-Light-Driven Water Oxidation Using Anatase Titania Modified with First-Row Transition-Metal-Oxide Nanoclusters (2019)

Composites comprising nanocrystalline anatase TiO₂ and nanoclusters of first-row transition-metal oxides (MOₓ; M = Mn, Fe, Co, or Ni), which can potentially function as water oxidation catalysts, were applied as photocatalysts for water oxidation under visible light (480 < λ < 900 nm). Although TiO₂ showed no visible light absorption, each of the MOₓ/TiO₂ composites was capable of absorbing visible light. Activities during visible-light-driven water oxidation were examined using these materials in the presence of Ag⁺ as an electron acceptor. Co and Ni were found to be effective modifiers and promoted water oxidation with TiO₂, whereas CoOₓ/TiO₂ exhibited the highest activity. The catalytic activities of the MOₓ series during “dark” water oxidation were also investigated, employing an established photochemical water oxidation scheme with a Ru(II) trisdiimine complex as a redox photosensitizer in conjunction with weak visible light illumination. Under these conditions, the effect of light absorption by MOₓ/TiO₂ on the reaction could be neglected. This investigation revealed that CoOₓ/TiO₂ had by far the highest activity among the MOₓ/TiO₂ composites. This work thus highlights the important role of the dark water oxidation process that occurs on the MOₓ surface in determining the overall efficiency of MOₓ/TiO₂ during photocatalytic water oxidation.
Intersecting batteries of differentially expressed genes in the early sea urchin embryo. (1990)

We determined the distribution of cis-regulatory sites, previously identified in the control domain of the CyIIIa gene, in three other genes displaying diverse spatial patterns of expression in the sea urchin embryo. Competitive gel-shift reactions were carried out using probes from the CyIIIa gene, with competitor fragments isolated from the previously defined control domains of the other genes. CyIIIa is expressed only in aboral ectoderm lineages; the other genes studied were Spec1, also expressed in aboral ectoderm; CyI, expressed in many different cell types; and SM50, expressed only in skeletogenic mesenchyme. All four genes are activated at about the same time in late cleavage. Where competitive interactions indicated a functionally comparable binding site (in vitro), a sequence homology was sought, and in most cases could be identified. An interesting pattern of putative regulatory site usage emerges: Of 10 CyIIIa interactions tested, three only were unique to the CyIIIa gene with respect to the set of four genes tested; one believed on previous evidence to be a temporal regulator was shared by all four genes, and the remainder were shared in various subsets of the four genes.
보험민원 감축을 위한 정책적 제안 (2014)

최근 금융감독원은 2013년의 핵심과제로 '보험민원의 감축'을 선정할 정도로 보험 산업관련 민원은 금융업에서 최대 비중을 차지하고 있으며 보험 산업에 대한 신뢰성까지 위협하고 있다. 특히 보험 모집ㆍ판매 관련 민원이 많은 비중을 차지하여 이에 대한 해결방안이 사회적 이슈로 등장하였다. 본 연구에서 이러한 현상을 살펴보고 이에 대한...
General discussion (1983)

R. N. Zare, P. J. Brucat, A. H. Zewail, H. Watanabe, S. Koda, S. Tsuchiya, R. Naaman, E. K. C. Lee, M. N. R. Ashfold, J. M. Bayley, R. N. Dixon, H. Nakane, D. V. O'Connor, S. Leach, J. Troe, J. H. Callomon, C. A. G. O. Varma, E. Riedle, H. J. Neusser, E. W. Schlag, R. M. Hochstrasser and I. Yamazaki, Faraday Discuss. Chem. Soc., 1983, 75, 407 DOI: 10.1039/DC9837500407
PD-1 high CXCR5 – CD4 + Peripheral Helper T (Tph) cells Promote Tissue-Homing Plasmablasts in COVID-19 (2021)

Summary A dysregulated immune response against coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) plays a critical role in the outcome of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). A significant increase in circulating plasmablasts is characteristic of COVID-19 though the underlying mechanisms and its prognostic implications are not known. Here, we demonstrate that in the acute phase of COVID-19, activated PD-1 high CXCR5 − CD4 + T cells, peripheral helper T cells, (Tph) are significantly increased and promote inflammatory tissue-homing plasmablasts in patients with stable but not severe COVID-19. Analysis of scRNA-seq data revealed that plasmablasts in stable patients express higher levels of tissue-homing receptors including CXCR3 . The increased Tph cells exhibited “B cell help” signatures similar to that of circulating T follicular helper (cTfh) cells and promoted B cell differentiation in vitro . Compared with cTfh cells, Tph cells produced more IFNγ, inducing tissue-homing chemokine receptors on plasmablasts. Finally, expansion of activated Tph cells was correlated with the frequency of CXCR3 + plasmablasts in the acute phase of patients with stable disease. Our results demonstrate a novel role for Tph cells in acute viral immunity by inducing ectopic, antibody secreting plasmablasts.
Mechanical Properties of Granular Feed Ingredients (2001)

Ground corn and soybean meal are common feed premix carriers. The knowledge oftheir mechanical properties is important to the feed manufacturer and consumer. Changes inthese properties may lead to abnormally high or low levels of active ingredients in finished feedthus decreasing its quality. Mechanical properties of wheat, ground corn and soybean mealwere investigated using a modified direct shear apparatus. The moisture content (wet basis),uncompacted bulk density and multipycnometer density were: 10.4%, 733 kg/m3and 1.41 g/cm3for wheat; 11.4%, 583 kg/m3and 1.35 g/cm3for soybean meal; and 11.7%, 595 kg/m3and 1.41g/cm3for ground corn, respectively. A relatively long sliding path of 60 mm was utilized toaccount for the high compressibility of the materials and minimize boundary effects. Thecompressibility of the materials was determined at a maximum vertical pressure of 34.4 kPa thatcaused a density increase of 21% for ground corn while the density of wheat and soybean mealincreased by approximately 5%. Frictional properties were tested for seven levels of verticalconsolidation pressures ranging from 4.1 to 20.7 kPa. The high compressibility of ground corn resulted in severe stick-slip vibrations of frictional forcedisplacement relationships compared tothe typical behavior of cohesion-less granular materials such as wheat. The angles of internalfriction of wheat, soybean meal and ground corn were found to be 26.30.3, 33.90.9 and30.71.4, respectively. Cohesion of soybean meal and ground corn was approximately 0.7kPa without a clear relation to consolidation stress, while for wheat it was approximately 0.3kPa. With cohesion lower than 4 kPa all three materials should be treated as free-flowing.
Supplementary Figure 7C-D from Aberrant Silencing of Cancer-Related Genes by CpG Hypermethylation Occurs Independently of Their Spatial Organization in the Nucleus (2023)

Supplementary Figure 7C-D from Aberrant Silencing of Cancer-Related Genes by CpG Hypermethylation Occurs Independently of Their Spatial Organization in the Nucleus