gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low Chloride Stimulation of Prostaglandin E2Release and Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression in a Mouse Macula Densa Cell Line (2000)

Reducing luminal NaCl concentration in the macula densa region of the nephron stimulates renin secretion, and this response is blocked by a specific inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) (Traynor, T. R., Smart, A., Briggs, J. P., and Schnermann, J. (1999) Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 277, F706-710). To study whether low NaCl activates COX-2 activity or expression we clonally derived a macula densa cell line (MMDD1 cells) from SV-40 transgenic mice using fluorescence-activated cell sorting of renal tubular cells labeled with segment-specific fluorescent lectins. MMDD1 cells express COX-2, bNOS, NKCC2, and ROMK, but not Tamm-Horsfall protein, and showed rapid (86)Rb(+) uptake that was inhibited by a reduction in NaCl concentration and by bumetanide or furosemide. Isosmotic exposure of MMDD1 cells to low NaCl (60 mm) caused a prompt and time-dependent stimulation of prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) release that was prevented by the COX-2 specific inhibitor NS-398 (10 microm). Reducing NaCl to 60 and 6 mm for 16 h increased COX-2 expression in a chloride-dependent fashion. Low NaCl phosphorylated p38 kinase within 30 min and ERK1/2 kinases within 15 min without changing total MAP kinase levels. Low NaCl-stimulated PGE(2) release and COX-2 expression was inhibited by SB 203580 and PD 98059 (10 microm), inhibitors of p38 and ERK kinase pathways. We conclude that low chloride stimulates PGE(2) release and COX-2 expression in MMDD1 cells through activation of MAP kinases.
Transient Vapor Compression Refrigeration Cycle for Electronics Cooling: Part 1—Distributed Model Validation (2011)

For high-power electronic systems, such as high-concentration photovoltaics arrays, laser diode arrays, and high-density data centers, two-phase cooling technologies are being explored to significantly reduce heat convection resistance from electronics’ wall to the ambient. Lower electronics surface or junction temperatures lead to higher energy conversion or computation efficiency; therefore, thermal management is a critical issue for energy efficient electronic system operation. In large-scale electronics cooling systems, there usually exist many distributed and transient heat sources. The non-uniform heat loads could cause severe flow mal-distribution problems and local device burn-out (i,e, a difficult thermal management challenge). Vapor compression refrigeration cycles have been identified as promising solutions to ultra high-power electronics cooling. A well-designed active refrigeration cooling system is expected to achieve higher transient cooling capability and energy efficiency. This paper presents a comprehensive first-principle dynamic refrigeration cycle model to understand its fundamental mass, energy, and momentum transport mechanisms in transient operation. Experimental validation results show the proposed distributed vapor compression cycle model has excellent steady-state and transient prediction performance. The proposed distributed dynamic model is able to provide valuable design and operation guidelines for energy-efficient electronics cooling systems under transient and non-uniform heating scenarios.
Effect of Morphology of Polyaniline on Its Discharge Characteristics in Nonaqueous Electrolyte (1995)

The discharge and charge performance of polyaniline which has a fibrous morphology was investigated from microscopic current density and anion diffusion time constant measurements. The microscopic discharge current density is calculated from the radius of the polyaniline fibril, assuming the true electrode surface area corresponds to the surface area of the long polyaniline fibril (, :the sum of the length of the polyaniline fibril). The time constant for the diffusion of anions in the polyaniline fibril was calculated from , where is the diffusion coefficient and is the polyaniline fibril radius. The diffusion coefficient was measured using an impedance method, and the parameter was calculated. Galvanostatic discharge and charge cycle tests were carried out to decide the performance of polyaniline cathodes with different fibril radii. From these experiments, it can be seen that the dependence of the discharge characteristics on the fibril radius is diminished by the positive dependencies of the diffusion coefficient and roughness of the polyaniline fibril on the fibril radius.
A radiographic imaging system based upon a 2-D silicon microstrip sensor (2002)

A high resolution, direct-digital detector system based upon a 2-D silicon microstrip sensor has been designed, built and is undergoing evaluation for applications in dentistry and mammography. The sensor parameters and image requirements were selected using Monte Carlo simulations. Sensors selected for evaluation have a strip pitch of 50 /spl mu/m on the p-side and 80 /spl mu/m on the n-side. Front-end electronics and data acquisition are based on the APV6 chip and were adapted from systems used at CERN for high-energy physics experiments. The APV6 chip is not self-triggering so data acquisition is done at a fixed trigger rate. This paper describes the mammographic evaluation of the double sided microstrip sensor. Raw data correction procedures were implemented to remove the effects of dead strips and non-uniform response. Standard test objects (TORMAX) were used to determine limiting spatial resolution and detectability. MTFs were determined using the edge response. The results indicate that the spatial resolution of the sensor can achieve at least 6 1p/mm with detectability performance comparable to a mammographic film/screen and amorphous silicon array. Due to the operational characteristics of the data acquisition system conventional dose estimates were not possible; instead image quality was compared on an event per pixel basis.
The changing spectrum of candidemia in oncology patients: therapeutic implications (2000)

Infections caused by Candida spp. are frequent and serious in oncology patients. Over the past decade, the introduction of azole antifungals as prophylactic agents, and other factors have caused a shift in the species of Candida that cause infection. During the period under review (June 1999 to June 2000), several studies have been reported that confirm the impact of antifungal prophylaxis and the emergence of non-albicans Candida spp. as pathogens. Moreover, laboratory studies to determine the antifungal susceptibilities and virulence properties of non-albicans Candida spp. have enabled the formation of microbe-specific management strategies. More of these studies will be necessary as we enter an age in which multiple antifungal compounds will become available for clinical use.
FTY720 Shows Promising In vitro and In vivo Preclinical Activity by Downmodulating Cyclin D1 and Phospho-Akt in Mantle Cell Lymphoma (2010)

These results provide the first evidence for a potential use of FTY720 in targeting key pathways that are operable in the pathogenesis of MCL and warrant further investigation of FTY720 in clinical trials to treat patients with MCL.
Sympatho-renal axis in chronic disease (2011)

Essential hypertension, insulin resistance, heart failure, congestion, diuretic resistance, and functional renal disease are all characterized by excessive central sympathetic drive. The contribution of the kidney's somatic afferent nerves, as an underlying cause of elevated central sympathetic drive, and the consequences of excessive efferent sympathetic signals to the kidney itself, as well as other organs, identify the renal sympathetic nerves as a uniquely logical therapeutic target for diseases linked by excessive central sympathetic drive. Clinical studies of renal denervation in patients with resistant hypertension using an endovascular radiofrequency ablation methodology have exposed the sympathetic link between these conditions. Renal denervation could be expected to simultaneously affect blood pressure, insulin resistance, sleep disorders, congestion in heart failure, cardiorenal syndrome and diuretic resistance. The striking epidemiologic evidence for coexistence of these disorders suggests common causal pathways. Chronic activation of the sympathetic nervous system has been associated with components of the metabolic syndrome, such as blood pressure elevation, obesity, dyslipidemia, and impaired fasting glucose with hyperinsulinemia. Over 50% of patients with essential hypertension are hyperinsulinemic, regardless of whether they are untreated or in a stable program of treatment. Insulin resistance is related to sympathetic drive via a bidirectional mechanism. In this manuscript, we review the data that suggests that selective impairment of renal somatic afferent and sympathetic efferent nerves in patients with resistant hypertension both reduces markers of central sympathetic drive and favorably impacts diseases linked through central sympathetics-insulin resistance, heart failure, congestion, diuretic resistance, and cardiorenal disorders.
Nonresonant Photons Catalyze Photodissociation of Phenol (2018)

Phenol represents an ideal polyatomic system for demonstrating photon catalysis because of its large polarizability, well-characterized excited-state potential energy surfaces, and nonadiabatic dissociation dynamics. A nonresonant IR pulse (1064 nm) supplies a strong electric field (4 × 10<sup>7</sup> V/cm) during the photolysis of isolated phenol (C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>OH) molecules to yield C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>O + H near two known energetic thresholds: the S<sub>1</sub>/S<sub>2</sub> conical intersection and the S<sub>1</sub> - S<sub>0</sub> origin. H-atom speed distributions show marked changes in the relative contributions of dissociative pathways in both cases, compared to the absence of the nonresonant IR pulse. Results indicate that nonresonant photons lower the activation barrier for some pathways relative to others by dynamically Stark shifting the excited-state potential energy surfaces rather than aligning molecules in the strong electric field. Theoretical calculations offer support for the experimental interpretation.
Ru(ii) sensitizers bearing dianionic biazolate ancillaries: ligand synergy for high performance dye sensitized solar cells (2013)

We report on a new series of Ru(II) sensitizers, TFRS-61–66, suited for high performance dye sensitized solar cells (DSCs). The molecular design incorporates novel dianionic bipyrazolate or bitriazolate ancillaries to replace the dual thiocyanates in N3 (or N719) with the aim of improving device stability. These newly designed dianionic biazolate ligands make feasible the fine-tuning of the ground state oxidation potential. This, together with the synergistic incorporation of electron-donating thiophene or thiophene-containing appendages to one bipyridine for improved light-harvesting, leads to the achievement of DSCs with a prominent JSC of 17.4 mA cm−2 and hence a high photon conversion efficiency of 9.6% using TFRS-63, which is comparable with the N3 control device (9.5% in this study) but with notably superior device stability. Comprehensive electrochemical impedance, charge extraction, transient photovoltage and transient absorption spectroscopy measurements were carried out to gain insights into the fundamentals of these new dyes and the associated device properties. These biazolate substituted Ru(II) sensitizers add another dimension in the search to replace thiocyanate ligands in Ru(II) sensitizers showing high performance in DSC devices.
Comparative inactivation of isepamicin, amikacin, and gentamicin by nine beta-lactams and two beta-lactamase inhibitors, cilastatin and heparin (1991)

This study was undertaken to compare the susceptibility to inactivation of isepamicin with amikacin and gentamicin when exposed to different beta-lactams, beta-lactamase inhibitors, and heparin. The aminoglycosides (5, 10, 20, and 50 micrograms/ml) were incubated in human serum with ampicillin, azlocillin, aztreonam, carbenicillin, ceftazidime, piperacillin, and ticarcillin (100 and 600 micrograms/ml) and with clavulanate, cilastatin, 1:1 imipenemcilastatin, oxacillin, and sulbactam (20 and 120 micrograms/ml) for 48 h at 37 degrees C. Aminoglycoside concentrations were measured by fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPI) after 0, 8, and 48 h of incubation and by radial diffusion bioassay after 48 h of incubation. Each of the three aminoglycosides was also added to whole blood containing either heparin (100 U/ml) or 0.5% EDTA as a control and assayed after 6 h by FPI. The degree of inactivation of isepamicin by the beta-lactams was significantly less than that by amikacin (P less than 0.003) and gentamicin (P less than 0.0002) when determined by bioassay. Piperacillin, carbenicillin, and azlocillin produced the greatest amount of inactivation, and cilastatin and oxacillin produced the least. A similar pattern was observed when the degree of inactivation was measured by FPI. A significant difference in the degree of inactivation was noted between isepamicin and gentamicin (P less than 0.003 at 8 h and P less than 0.006 at 48 h) but not between isepamicin and amikacin (P greater than 0.7 at 8 h and P greater than 0.08 at 48 h). Aminoglycoside determinations by FPI were not influenced by the presence of heparin. In summary, isepamicin was found to be at least as stable as amikacin against inactivation by beta-lactam compounds and beta-lactamase inhibitors. Heparin (100 U/ml) did not influence aminoglycoside determinations by FPI.
Fischer–Tropsch synthesis over MOF-supported cobalt catalysts (Co@MIL-53(Al)) (2016)

Novel nanohybrid materials were prepared by immobilizing Co nanoparticles on a microporous framework MIL-53(Al) as a porous host matrix. The synthesized cobalt-containing materials were characterized by XRD, STEM, and oxygen titration. The catalytic performance of Co@MIL-53(Al) nanohybrids was examined in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) for the first time. A higher selectivity to C5+ hydrocarbons and lower selectivity to methane for Co@MIL-53(Al) as compared to conventional Co/Al2O3 were observed.
Efficient targeting of NY-ESO-1 tumor antigen to human cDC1s by lymphotactin results in cross-presentation and antigen-specific T cell expansion (2021)

ABSTRACT Type 1 conventional dendritic cells (cDC1s) are characterized by their ability to induce potent CD8 + T cell responses. In efforts to generate novel vaccination strategies, notably against cancer, human cDC1s emerge as an ideal target to deliver antigens. cDC1s uniquely express XCR1, a seven transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). Due to its restricted expression and endocytic nature, XCR1 represents an attractive receptor to mediate antigen-delivery to human cDC1s. To explore tumor antigen delivery to human cDC1s, we used an engineered version of XCR1-binding lymphotactin (XCL1), XCL1(CC3). Site-specific sortase-mediated transpeptidation was performed to conjugate XCL1(CC3) to an analog of the HLA-A*02:01 epitope of the cancer testis antigen New York Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma-1 (NY-ESO-1). While poor epitope solubility prevented isolation of stable XCL1-antigen conjugates, incorporation of a single polyethylene glycol (PEG) chain upstream of the epitope-containing peptide enabled generation of soluble XCL1(CC3)-antigen fusion constructs. Binding and chemotactic characteristics of the XCL1-antigen conjugate, as well as its ability to induce antigen-specific CD8 + T cell activation by cDC1s, was assessed. PEGylated XCL1(CC3)-antigen conjugates retained binding to XCR1, and induced cDC1 chemoattraction in vitro . The model epitope was efficiently cross-presented by human cDC1s to activate NY-ESO-1-specific CD8 + T cells. Importantly, vaccine activity was increased by targeting XCR1 at the surface of cDC1s. Our results present a novel strategy for the generation of targeted vaccines fused to insoluble antigens. Moreover, our data emphasize the potential of targeting XCR1 at the surface of primary human cDC1s to induce potent CD8 + T cell responses.
Large‐cell variants of mantle cell lymphoma: cytologic characteristics and p53 anomalies may predict poor outcome (1996)

Large-cell variants are uncommon in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). Here we describe the pathologic and clinical findings in five patients with large-cell lymphoma related to MCL (L-MCL), and compare them to a group of classic small-cell MCL (s-MCL) cases. Histologically, the MC origin of the large cells was evinced by their association with a small mantle cell component in the same tissue, or their distribution in a classic mantle zone pattern, or their development in a patient with previous s-MCL. The large cells were either pleomorphic mantle cells (case 1) or transformed blast-like cells (case 2-5). The median nuclear diameter, median nuclear area and proliferation index of L-MCLs and s-MCLs, were statistically different. Immunophenotypic characterization of four specimens of L-MCL and 10 of s-MCLs with a large panel of antibodies showed the classic findings of MCL, i.e. the IgM+ D+/-, CD5+, CD10-, CD23- phenotype in all cases except two (one CD5- and one CD23+), and the association with a loose follicular dendritic cell network. Two of four L-MCLs and 5/10 s-MCLs demonstrated rearrangements of the bcl-1 gene by Southern blot or by polymerase chain reaction (PCR); 2/4 L-MCLs and 1/9 s-MCLs had p53 mutations on single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis; none of the 14 specimens showed rearrangement of bcl-2 by PCR or bcl-6 and c-myc by Southern blot. All patients with 'transformed' histology (versus 37% of all others) died of lymphoma; their survival (15-18 months; median 17) was much shorter than that of all the others (28-117+ months; median 43) (P=0.0035). All three patients with p53 anomalies, two of whom had tumours with transformed histology, died of their disease in a short time (15, 18 and 28 months). In contrast, the presence of bcl-1 rearrangements did not have prognostic implications. This study documents the existence of large-cell variants of MCL and the poor prognosis associated with the 'transformed' cytologic type and/or p53 abnormalities.
Self-Consuming Generative Models Go MAD (2023)

Seismic advances in generative AI algorithms for imagery, text, and other data types has led to the temptation to use synthetic data to train next-generation models. Repeating this process creates an autophagous (self-consuming) loop whose properties are poorly understood. We conduct a thorough analytical and empirical analysis using state-of-the-art generative image models of three families of autophagous loops that differ in how fixed or fresh real training data is available through the generations of training and in whether the samples from previous generation models have been biased to trade off data quality versus diversity. Our primary conclusion across all scenarios is that without enough fresh real data in each generation of an autophagous loop, future generative models are doomed to have their quality (precision) or diversity (recall) progressively decrease. We term this condition Model Autophagy Disorder (MAD), making analogy to mad cow disease.
Bladder tissue-engineering: a new practical solution? (2006)

1report the fi rst human clinical trial with engineered bladders. Seven patients with myelomeningocele and resultant dysfunctional bladders underwent bladder augmentations with autologous, smooth muscle, and urothelial cell-seeded scaff olds. The engineered tissue improved overall bladder function in all patients, with mean follow-up of almost 4 years. For almost a century, genitourinary science has been pursuing an ideal bladder substitute. Is it possible that we are no longer confi ned to the bowel for bladder replacement? Bladder substitution has traditionally been done with intestinal segments. Not only does this involve an organ system that is not diseased, but complications can arise from adhesion formation, intestinal mucous secretion, or metabolic changes. Urologists agree that a need exists for a new replacement method. In Atala and colleagues’ report, all three patients who had composite scaff olds and omental wrap had better outcomes than earlier decellularised bladder submucosa scaff old cystoplasties, both with and without omental blood supply. All patients with composite scaff olds had CT scans to aid in sizing the bladder constructs, whereas it seems the fi rst four patients did not. Is the improvement more associated with better bladder-volume sizing or the use of an appropriate scaff old and the presence of blood supply? The volume of the fi rst four bladder constructs had been calculated by estimating the average expected bladder size according to the patient’s age. Thus sizing, although not as accurate, is probably not the key element in the success of the tissue-engineered bladders. Atala and colleagues report optimum bladder function with a biodegradable collagen and polyglycolic acid com posite scaff old. Most scaff olds that are bio degradable and resorbable create a microenvironment conducive to proper cellular function and provide a framework that allows cells to populate and mature in the appropriate spatial dimension are appropriate. Such scaff olds may include porcine small-intestinal sub mucosa, 2
Distinct Specificity and Single-molecule Kinetics Characterize the Interaction of Pathogenic and Non-pathogenic Antibodies against Platelet Factor 4-Heparin Complexes with Platelet Factor 4 (2013)

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a thrombotic complication of heparin therapy mediated by antibodies to complexes between platelet factor 4 (PF4) and heparin or cellular glycosaminoglycans. However, only a fraction of patients with anti-PF4-heparin antibodies develop HIT, implying that only a subset of these antibodies is pathogenic. The basis for the pathogenic potential of anti-PF4-heparin antibodies remains unclear. To elucidate the intrinsic PF4-binding properties of HIT-like monoclonal antibody (KKO) versus non-pathogenic antibody (RTO) at the single-molecule level, we utilized optical trap-based force spectroscopy to measure the strength and probability of binding of surface-attached antibodies with oligomeric PF4 to simulate interactions on cells. To mimic the effect of heparin in bringing PF4 complexes into proximity, we chemically cross-linked PF4 tetramers using glutaraldehyde. Analysis of the force histograms revealed that KKO-PF4 interactions had ∼10-fold faster on-rates than RTO-PF4, and apparent equilibrium dissociation constants differed ∼10-fold with similar force-free off-rates (k(off) = 0.0031 and 0.0029 s(-1)). Qualitatively similar results were obtained for KKO and RTO interacting with PF4-heparin complexes. In contrast to WT PF4, KKO and RTO showed lower and similar binding probabilities to cross-linked PF4(K50E), which forms few if any oligomers. Thus, formation of stable PF4 polymers results in much stronger interactions with the pathogenic antibody without a significant effect on the binding of the non-pathogenic antibody. These results suggest a fundamental difference in the antigen-binding mechanisms between model pathogenic and non-pathogenic anti-PF4 antibodies that might underlie their distinct pathophysiological behaviors.
Photoluminescence quenching in peapod-derived double-walled carbon nanotubes (2006)

Photoluminescence (PL) behavior of peapod-derived double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWNTs)---the simplest form among multiwalled carbon nanotubes---is investigated. Even though the optical absorption and the resonant Raman spectra show the characteristic features of DWNTs, the PL signals originated from DWNTs are severely suppressed. This suppression is a consequence of an interlayer interaction between the inner and the outer tubes that efficiently quenches the PL signals of the DWNTs.