gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Solution‐Based, Anion‐Doping of Li4Ti5O12 Nanoflowers for Lithium‐Ion Battery Applications (2020)

Solution-based, anionic doping represents a convenient strategy with which to improve upon the conductivity of candidate anode materials such as Li<sub>4</sub> Ti<sub>5</sub> O<sub>12</sub> (LTO). As such, novel synthetic hydrothermally-inspired protocols have primarily been devised herein, aimed at the large-scale production of unique halogen-doped, micron-scale, three-dimensional, hierarchical LTO flower-like motifs. Although fluorine (F) doping has been explored, the use of chlorine (Cl) dopants is the primary focus here. Several experimental variables, such as dopant amount, lithium hydroxide concentration, and titanium butoxide purity, were probed and perfected. Furthermore, the Cl doping process did not damage the intrinsic LTO morphology. The analysis, based on interpreting a compilation of SEM, XRD, XPS, and TEM-EDS results, was used to determine an optimized dopant concentration of Cl. Electrochemical tests demonstrated an increased capacity via cycling of 12 % for a Cl-doped sample as compared with pristine LTO. Moreover, the Cl-doped LTO sample described in this study exhibited the highest discharge capacity yet reported at an observed rate of 2C for this material at 143mAh g<sup>-1</sup> . Overall, these data suggest that the Cl dopant likely enhances not only the ion transport capabilities, but also the overall electrical conductivity of our as-prepared structures. To help explain these favorable findings, theoretical DFT calculations were used to postulate that the electronic conductivity and Li diffusion were likely improved by the presence of increased Ti<sup>3+</sup> ion concentration coupled with widening of the Li migration channel.
Multiple-Dose Up-Titration Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of Selexipag, an Orally Available Selective Prostacyclin Receptor Agonist, in Healthy Subjects (2014)

Oral administration of increasing doses of selexipag was well tolerated. The present results support the conduct of future clinical trials.
Factors Associated with Mucosal Healing in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis in Clinical Remission (2015)

A longer disease remission, previous less severe mucosal inflammation, and immunosuppressant use are associated with MH. Severity of mucosal inflammation and use of immunosuppressant are also associated with early MH.
Design of kinematic controller for real-time vision guided robot manipulators (2014)

This paper discusses the control strategies for robot manipulators to track moving targets based on realtime vision guidance. The work is motivated by some new demands of vision guided robot manipulators in which the workpieces being manipulated are in complex motion and the widely adopted look-then-move control strategy cannot give satisfactory performance. In order to serve industrial applications, the limited sensing and actuation capabilities have to be considered properly. In our work, a cascade control structure is introduced. The sensor and actuator limits are dealt with by consecutive modules in the controller respectively. In particular, the kinematic visual servoing (KVS) module is discussed in detail. It is a kinematic controller that generates reference trajectory in real-time. Sliding control is used to give a basic Jacobian-based design. Constrained optimal control is applied to address the actuator limits. validation is conducted through simulation and experiment.
Twin-to-Twin Transfusion Syndrome: From Placental Anastomoses to Long-Term Neurodevelopmental Outcome (2005)

Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) is a complication of monochorionic twin pregnancies associated with high perinatal mortality and morbidity. Placental vascular anastomoses, almost invariably present in monochorionic placentas, are the essential anatomical substrate for the development of TTTS. According to recent studies, different pathophysiological mechanisms may play a role. Diagnosis of TTTS is no longer based on neonatal criteria such as birth weight discordance and hemoglobin difference, but on strict prenatal ultrasound criteria. A significant evolution in prenatal care strategies and management options for patients with TTTS has occurred during the last decade. Endoscopical laser ablation of communicating placental vessels is a new treatment modality that has led to an increase in survival rates. In perinatology, a decrease in mortality rates may be associated with an increase in morbidity rates. Follow-up studies in infants with TTTS are shedding more light on the wide range of morbidity associated with TTTS, such as neurological, cardiac and renal sequelae. This review analyzes the possible pathophysiological mechanisms involved, discusses the latest findings in diagnosis, therapy and prognosis, and focuses on neonatal and pediatric morbidity associated with TTTS. Keywords: twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome, vascular anastomoses, amnioreduction, fetoscopic laser surgery, neurodevelopmental outcome, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, renal failure
Gut microbes define liver cancer risk in mice exposed to chemical and viral transgenic hepatocarcinogens (2009)

Enteric microbiota define HCC risk in mice exposed to carcinogenic chemicals or hepatitis virus transgenes. These results have implications for human liver cancer risk assessment and prevention.
Experimental and Numerical Modeling of Surface Indentation Response of Plastically Graded Materials (2013)

Materials with customized spatial gradients in mechanical properties are increasingly used in high performance applications requiring enhanced resistance to contact loads, wear, and fatigue. In many engineering materials, multiple property and microstructural gradients may occur simultaneously with depth. In this manuscript, two case carburized steels are analyzed for their gradient in hardness with depth, emphasizing the resulting variation in surface hardness under increasing indentation loads. A parametric study using finite element analysis is then conducted in order to characterize the influence of individual property gradients on the surface indentation response of graded materials. It is shown that the measured surface hardness value decreases rapidly under increasing surface indentation loads in materials with sharp negative hardness gradients. It is also shown that this trend is independent of the magnitude of the strain hardening exponent of the material, as well as the gradient in strain hardening exponent. Gradients in elastic properties were also shown to have negligible influence on surface hardness trends for a fixed gradient in hardness. Finally, it is revealed that the depth of subsurface plastic deformation increases with sharper gradients in hardness, while being insensitive to changes in strain hardening exponent. For elastically graded materials, a decreasing gradient in elastic modulus limits the depth of plastic deformation.
This little piggy had none: Even knocking out a gene might not be enough to prevent pig organs being rejected by the human body (2002)

news
Designing solar arrays to account for reduced performance from self-shading (2015)

The goal of any solar array is to maximize energy production by increasing irradiance absorption and mitigating losses. In large-scale arrays, parallel rows of solar panels can shade adjacent rows, reducing production owing to effects known as self-shading and diffuse masking. For this work, the influence of row spacing and panel tilt angle on trade-offs between shading impact and irradiance capture is evaluated. A model that takes into account sub-module level mismatch is developed and can be applied to a wide range of geographic regions. Additionally, a method for simulating large arrays, which utilizes a lookup table of IV curves, is proposed. The table circumvents the tedious process of generating curves in real-time and allows fast power output calculations. With this method, simulation time is drastically reduced while introducing estimation error of 0.25%, as compared to full numerical approaches.
Stretchable, Transparent Electrodes as Wearable Heaters Using Nanotrough Networks of Metallic Glasses with Superior Mechanical Properties and Thermal Stability (2015)

Mechanical robustness, electrical and chemical reliabilities of devices against large deformations such as bending and stretching have become the key metrics for rapidly emerging wearable electronics. Metallic glasses (MGs) have high elastic limit, electrical conductivity, and corrosion resistance, which can be promising for applications in wearable electronics. However, their applications in wearable electronics or transparent electrodes have not been extensively explored so far. Here, we demonstrate stretchable and transparent electrodes using CuZr MGs in the form of nanotrough networks. MG nanotroughs are prepared by electrospinning and cosputtering process, and they can be transferred to various desired substrates, including stretchable elastomeric substrates. The resulting MG nanotrough network is first utilized as a stretchable transparent electrode, presenting outstanding optoelectronic (sheet resistance of 3.8 ??/sq at transmittance of 90%) and mechanical robustness (resistance change less than 30% up to a tensile strain of 70%) as well as excellent chemical stability against hot and humid environments (negligible degradation in performance for 240 h in 85% relative humidity and 85 ??C). A stretchable and transparent heater based on the MG nanotrough network is also demonstrated with a wide operating temperature range (up to 180 ??C) and excellent stretchability (up to 70% in the strain). The excellent mechanical robustness of these stretchable transparent electrode and heater is ascribed to the structural configuration (i.e., a nanotrough network) and inherent high elastic limit of MGs, as supported by experimental results and numerical analysis. We demonstrate their real-time operations on human skin as a wearable, transparent thermotherapy patch controlled wirelessly using a smartphone as well as a transparent defroster for an automobile side-view mirror, suggesting a promising strategy toward next-generation wearable electronics or automobile applications.
Process-Dependent Charges and Traps in Dielectrics on SiC (2006)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
COLOR NORMALIZATION FOR COLOR OBJECT RECOGNITION (1999)

Color images depend on the color of the capture illuminant and object reflectance. As such image colors are not stable features for object recognition, however stability is necessary since perceived colors (the colors we see) are illuminant independent and do correlate with object identity. Before the colors in images can be compared, they must first be preprocessed to remove the effect of illumination. Two types of preprocessing have been proposed: first, run a color constancy algorithm or second apply an invariant normalization. In color constancy preprocessing the illuminant color is estimated and then, at a second stage, the image colors are corrected to remove color bias due to illumination. In color invariant normalization image RGBs are redescribed, in an illuminant independent way, relative to the context in which they are seen (e.g. RGBs might be divided by a local RGB average). In theory the color constancy approach is superior since it works in a scene independently: color invariant normalization can be calculated post-color constancy but the converse is not true. However, in practice color invariant normalization usually supports better indexing. In this paper we ask whether color constancy algorithms will ever deliver better indexing than color normalization. The main result of this paper is to demonstrate equivalence between color constancy and color invariant computation. The equivalence is empirically derived based on color object recognition experiments. colorful objects are imaged under several different colors of light. To remove dependency due to illumination these images are preprocessed using either a perfect color constancy algorithm or the comprehensive color image normalization. In the perfect color constancy algorithm the illuminant is measured rather than estimated. The import of this is that the perfect color constancy algorithm can determine the actual illuminant without error and so bounds the performance of all existing and future algorithms. Post-color constancy or color normalization processing, the color content is used as cue for object recognition. Counter-intuitively perfect color constancy does not support perfect recognition. In comparison the color invariant normalization does deliver near-perfect recognition. That the color constancy approach fails implies that the scene effective illuminant is different from the measured illuminant. This explanation has merit since it is well known that color constancy is more difficult in the presence of physical processes such as fluorescence and mutual illumination. Thus, in a second experiment, image colors are corrected based on a scene dependent "effective illuminant". Here, color constancy preprocessing facilitates near-perfect recognition. Of course, if the effective light is scene dependent then optimal color constancy processing is also scene dependent and so, is equally a color invariant normalization.
Contraction, smoothness, and low-pass filtering (2004)

We introduce a generalized definition for "low-pass" filters that covers time-varying and nonlinear systems under the same umbrella. We show that the qualitative concept of signal smoothing can be made precise through the concept of contractions in probabilistic metric spaces. For illustration, we consider classical linear time-invariant low-pass filters, nonlinear median filters, and time-varying guaranteed maximum delay schedulers employed in communication systems.
Computer-Aided Discovery of Small Molecules Targeting the RNA Splicing Activity of hnRNP A1 in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (2019)

The heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNP A1) is a versatile RNA-binding protein playing a critical role in alternative pre-mRNA splicing regulation in cancer. Emerging data have implicated hnRNP A1 as a central player in a splicing regulatory circuit involving its direct transcriptional control by c-Myc oncoprotein and the production of the constitutively active ligand-independent alternative splice variant of androgen receptor, AR-V7, which promotes castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). As there is an urgent need for effective CRPC drugs, targeting hnRNP A1 could, therefore, serve a dual purpose of preventing AR-V7 generation as well as reducing c-Myc transcriptional output. Herein, we report compound VPC-80051 as the first small molecule inhibitor of hnRNP A1 splicing activity discovered to date by using a computer-aided drug discovery approach. The inhibitor was developed to target the RNA-binding domain (RBD) of hnRNP A1. Further experimental evaluation demonstrated that VPC-80051 interacts directly with hnRNP A1 RBD and reduces AR-V7 messenger levels in 22Rv1 CRPC cell line. This study lays the groundwork for future structure-based development of more potent and selective small molecule inhibitors of hnRNP A1⁻RNA interactions aimed at altering the production of cancer-specific alternative splice isoforms.
Multilabel Classification by Hierarchical Partitioning and Data-dependent Grouping (2020)

In modern multilabel classification problems, each data instance belongs to a small number of classes from a large set of classes. In other words, these problems involve learning very sparse binary label vectors. Moreover, in large-scale problems, the labels typically have certain (unknown) hierarchy. In this paper we exploit the sparsity of label vectors and the hierarchical structure to embed them in low-dimensional space using label groupings. Consequently, we solve the classification problem in a much lower dimensional space and then obtain labels in the original space using an appropriately defined lifting. Our method builds on the work of (Ubaru &amp; Mazumdar, 2017), where the idea of group testing was also explored for multilabel classification. We first present a novel data-dependent grouping approach, where we use a group construction based on a low-rank Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF) of the label matrix of training instances. The construction also allows us, using recent results, to develop a fast prediction algorithm that has a logarithmic runtime in the number of labels. We then present a hierarchical partitioning approach that exploits the label hierarchy in large scale problems to divide up the large label space and create smaller sub-problems, which can then be solved independently via the grouping approach. Numerical results on many benchmark datasets illustrate that, compared to other popular methods, our proposed methods achieve competitive accuracy with significantly lower computational costs.
Long binary phase codes with good autocorrelation properties (2008)

In 1953 R.H. Barker introduced the well-known binary phase codes with good autocorrelation properties. The magnitude of all sidelobes in the related autocorrelation function (ACF) is not larger than one in this case. But the longest known Barker Code has the length N=13, which is a real limitation in practical applications. Binary codes with much longer code length N are required in many radar applications even if the sidelobes are much larger than one. This paper describes a design technique for very long binary phase codes (for any code length N ges 100) and shows the resulting performance figures in the related ACE For the code length of N = 4096 a peak sidelobe of -35.6 dB can be achieved applying the proposed design technique.
NR2B-SelectiveN-Methyl-d-aspartate Antagonists:  Synthesis and Evaluation of 5-Substituted Benzimidazoles (2004)

Two classes of 5-substituted benzimidazoles were identified as potent antagonists of the NR2B subtype of the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. Selected compounds show very good selectivity versus the NR2A, NR2C, and NR2D subtypes of the NMDA receptor as well as versus hERG-channel activity and alpha(1)-adrenergic binding. Benzimidazole 37a shows excellent activity in the carrageenan-induced mechanical hyperalgesia assay in rats as well as good pharmacokinetic behavior in dogs.
Comparisons of the structural and optical properties of o-AgInS2, t-AgInS2, and c-AgIn5S8 nanocrystals and their solid-solution nanocrystals with ZnS (2012)

Cubic AgIn5S8 (c-AgIn5S8) as well as orthorhombic AgInS2 (o-AgInS2) and tetragonal AgInS2 (t-AgInS2) nanocrystal (NC) luminophores are successfully prepared by adjusting the stoichiometric [Ag] : [In] ratio at reaction temperatures ranging from 100 to 180 °C. The photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield (QY) of c-AgIn5S8 NCs reached 18.8%, which is much higher than that of o-AgInS2 and t-AgInS2. In this study, the identification and characterization of efficient c-AgIn5S8 luminophore NCs are reported for the first time. Broad PL bands, large Stokes shifts and long PL lifetimes indicate that the PL of c-AgIn5S8 as well as o-AgInS2 and t-AgInS2 NCs can be attributed to donor–acceptor (D–A) pair recombinations. The PL peak shifts and changes in the PL intensity depending on the excitation intensity and temperature confirm that the c-AgIn5S8 NCs comply with D–A pair recombinations. The PL emission of the NCs can be enhanced via a solid-solution with ZnS and the PL wavelength can be tuned by varying the stoichiometric [Ag] : [In] ratio and the preparation temperature. The best c-AgIn5S8–ZnS sample presents a PL emission in the range of 552–587 nm with a maximum QY of 61.3%. The luminous efficacy and color rendering index (CRI) of these AgIn5S8–ZnS NC-based white light-emitting diodes (LEDs) were respectively 53 lm W−1 and 74 at 3700 K under 60 mA. The development of an efficient AgIn5S8–ZnS NC to be applied as a color-converting material in white LEDs as demonstrated in this work provides the possibility of various potential applications in the fields of optic, optoelectronic and bio-related devices.
Quantum limit of optimum four-level ASK signals with direct detection optically preamplified receivers (2007)

We analytically obtain the exact fundamental limit of 4-level amplitude shifted keying formats (4ASK) with direct detection optically preamplified receivers. The optimum multilevel spacing and the corresponding decision thresholds, which depend both on the signal to noise ratio and optical bandwidth, are obtained numerically considering the Chi-squared distribution of each level. The quantum limit under the optimum level spacing is 127.5 photons/bit, which is about 0.2 dB smaller than the results by the Gaussian approximation. Over a broad range of the signal to noise ratio and the optical bandwidth, we have found that not only the bit error rate but also the optimum level spacing are well predicted by Gaussian method, although the three decision thresholds are all underestimated.
Experimental demonstration of Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger correlations using nuclear magnetic resonance (2000)

The Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) effect provides an example of quantum correlations that cannot be explained by classical local hidden variables. This paper reports on the experimental realization of GHZ correlations using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The NMR experiment differs from the originally proposed GHZ experiment in several ways: it is performed on mixed states rather than pure states, and instead of being widely separated, the spins on which it is performed are all located in the same molecule. As a result, the NMR version of the GHZ experiment cannot entirely rule out classical local hidden variables. It nonetheless provides an unambiguous demonstration of the ``paradoxical'' GHZ correlations, and confirms the predictions of quantum mechanics.
Regulation of Integrin Activation (2011)

Regulation of cell-cell and cell-matrix interaction is essential for the normal physiology of metazoans and is important in many diseases. Integrin adhesion receptors can rapidly increase their affinity (integrin activation) in response to intracellular signaling events in a process termed inside-out signaling. The transmembrane domains of integrins and their interactions with the membrane are important in inside-out signaling. Moreover, integrin activation is tightly regulated by a complex network of signaling pathways. Here, we review recent progress in understanding how the membrane environment can, in cooperation with integrin-binding proteins, regulate integrin activation.
The incidence of cerebral contusions in the human: a physical modeling study (1995)

Cerebral contusions without overlying skull fracture occur primarily in the frontal and temporal lobes, and are the most frequent clinical evidence of brain damage after closed head injury. In this study, physical models of the skull-brain structure were used to estimate the intracranial strain patterns that were caused by sagittal plane inertial loading. The focus was on the changes in intracranial strains as the characteristics of the model (no slip or partial slip interface between skull and brain) and the inertial loading (direction and magnitude) were varied. The findings of these tests indicate that: (1) the skull geometry and loading kinetics contribute to the nonuniform strain patterns within a surrogate brain during dynamic loading; and (2) that the skull-brain boundary condition may play a critical role in understanding the high incidence of frontal and temporal lobe contusions observed clinically. In addition, the data may prove to be a useful guide in the development of more sophisticated techniques to estimate intracranial strains during impact. (A) For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 896323.