gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Battle of the Network Models: Epilogue (1987)

Several models that can be used to optimally size water distribution pipes were applied to a hypothetical system. The results are summarized in this paper. The models produced solutions with costs that were within 10% of one another, although the solutions were quite different. While the models were helpful in sizing pipes, some manual calculations and a good deal of engineering judgment were required to apply them.
Changes in Muscarinic Binding in Distant Brain Regions Showing Neuronal Losses After Folic Acid Injections into the Substantia Innominata (1983)

Injection of folic acid (FA) into the nucleus substantia innominata (NSI) was found to decrease [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate ([3H]QNB) binding in the frontal cortex, pyriform cortex, amygdala, and the NSI itself without changing the KD. Binding in the thalamus, caudate nucleus, hippocampus, and substantia nigra was not affected. [3H]Flunitrazepam binding was unchanged in all eight regions studied. Previous work indicates FA injections into the NSI produce epileptiform activity and cause loss of GABAergic and possibly other neurons in the frontal and pyriform cortices, the amygdala, and thalamus. The reductions of [3H]QNB binding in the first three of these regions are interpreted as indicating that many of the neurons lost are cholinoceptive, a finding that supports the previous hypothesis that activation of cholinergic projections from the NSI is an important part of the mechanism of cell loss in these regions.
Phenylcarbazole-dipyridyl triazole hybrid as bipolar host material for phosphorescent OLEDs (2012)

Two bipolar host materials p-cbtz and m-cbtz, with both phenylcarbazole and 3,5-bis(2-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazole moieties, were synthesized and tested for fabrication of various phosphorescent OLEDs. The sp3-hybridized nitrogen atom of the 1,2,4-triazole fragment disrupted the π-conjugation between the electron donating 9-phenylcarbazole and the electron accepting 3,5-bis(2-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazole and, thus, exhibited promising properties such as bipolar charge transport feature (10−5–10−6 cm2V−1s−1) and with relatively high triplet energy gaps (ET = 2.82–2.75 eV). As a result, they were utilized as universal hosts for various phosphorescent OLEDs, showing high efficiencies and low efficiency roll-off. For example, the devices hosted by m-cbtz achieve maximum external quantum efficiencies (ηext) of 8.8% for blue, 16.7% for green, 17.5% for yellow and 16.7% for red-emitting OLEDs. In addition, we also fabricated dual-emitter WOLEDs with a co-doped single emissive layer, exhibiting satisfactory device efficiencies (12.4%, 25 cd A−1, 17 lm W−1) and with highly stable chromaticity (CIEx = 0.26–0.27 and CIEy = 0.38) at an applied voltage of 8 to 11 V. These results demonstrated that the newly synthesized, phenylcarbazole-dipyridyl triazole host materials are advantageous for fabrication of various highly efficient phosphorescent OLEDs.
Measurement of regional blood oxygenation and cerebral hemodynamics (1993)

An echo planar linewidth mapping technique, Shufflebutt, has allowed temporal measurements of changes in linewidth caused by static inhomogeneities (delta LWSI) and transverse relaxation rate (delta R2) in models of hypoxia and hypercapnia. We demonstrate these changes are due to intravascular susceptibility differences/(delta chi) between the blood and tissue. Contrast agent injections at a delta chi equivalent to that of deoxygenated blood showed a twofold difference between the contrast agent and physiological anoxia values. Hypercapnia decreased both delta LWSI and delta R2 consistent with an increase in blood oxygenation. We attribute these findings to constant oxygen extraction during an increase in blood flow, resulting in less deoxygenated venous blood and thus reduced delta chi. For in vivo perturbations we found that delta R2/delta R2' approximately 0.33, a ratio much different from that measured in whole blood phantoms (delta R2/delta R2' approximately 2). This demonstrates that signal changes in these studies are produced predominantly by dephasing of extravascular protons due to field inhomogeneities produced by intravascular deoxygenated hemoglobin (deoxyHb).
Compact Rare Earth Emitter Hollow Cathode (2010)

A compact, high-current, hollow cathode utilizing a lanthanum hexaboride (LaB6) thermionic electron emitter has been developed for use with high-power Hall thrusters and ion thrusters. LaB6 cathodes are being investigated due to their long life, high current capabilities, and less stringent xenon purity and handling requirements compared to conventional barium oxide (BaO) dispenser cathodes. The new cathode features a much smaller diameter than previously developed versions that permit it to be mounted on axis of a Hall thruster ( internally mounted ), as opposed to the conventional side-mount position external to the outer magnetic circuit ("externally mounted"). The cathode has also been reconfigured to be capable of surviving vibrational loads during launch and is designed to solve the significant heater and materials compatibility problems associated with the use of this emitter material. This has been accomplished in a compact design with the capability of high-emission current (10 to 60 A). The compact, high-current design has a keeper diameter that allows the cathode to be mounted on the centerline of a 6- kW Hall thruster, inside the iron core of the inner electromagnetic coil. Although designed for electric propulsion thrusters in spacecraft station- keeping, orbit transfer, and interplanetary applications, the LaB6 cathodes are applicable to the plasma processing industry in applications such as optical coatings and semiconductor processing where reactive gases are used. Where current electrical propulsion thrusters with BaO emitters have limited life and need extremely clean propellant feed systems at a significant cost, these LaB6 cathodes can run on the crudest-grade xenon propellant available without impact. Moreover, in a laboratory environment, LaB6 cathodes reduce testing costs because they do not require extended conditioning periods under hard vacuum. Alternative rare earth emitters, such as cerium hexaboride (CeB6) can be used in this configuration with possibly an even longer emitter life. This cathode is specifically designed to integrate on the centerline of a high-power Hall thruster, thus eliminating the asymmetries in the plasma discharge common to cathodes previously mounted externally to the thruster s magnetic circuit. An alternative configuration for the cathode uses an external propellant feed. This diverts a fraction of the total cathode flow to an external feed, which can improve the cathode coupling efficiency at lower total mass flow rates. This can improve the overall thruster efficiency, thereby decreasing the required propellant loads for different missions. Depending on the particular mission, reductions in propellant loads can lead to mission enabling capabilities by allowing launch vehicle step-down, greater payload capability, or by extending the life of a spacecraft.
Impairment of Alveolar Macrophage Transcription in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (2007)

Impaired transcription in IPF is associated with decreased concentrations of transcription factor II-H in alveolar macrophages and may alter the intraalveolar milieu in IPF.
Inhibition of Anti-Apoptotic Bcl-2 Family Proteins by Natural Polyphenols New Avenues for Cancer Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy (2004)

Amongst the most promising chemopreventive agents, certain natural polyphenols have recently received a great deal of attention from the scientific community, nutritionists, the pharmaceutical industry and the public, due to their demonstrated inhibitory activity against tumorigenesis. In view of their anticancer properties, these compounds also hold great promise as potential chemotherapeutic agents. However, to translate these chemopreventive agents into chemotherapeutic compounds, their exact mechanism of action must be delineated. The aim of this manuscript is to review recent findings suggesting that certain natural products bind and antagonize the anti-apoptotic effects of Bcl-2 family proteins such as Bcl-x(L) and Bcl-2. We will summarize recent studies that were aimed at the identification of the molecular targets of natural polyphenols and at the characterization of their mechanism of action on a molecular level. We will emphasize the importance of these findings that resides not only in the opportunity for the development of novel cancer treatments with these compounds, but also in the structural information that can be used for the design and development of novel and more effective semi-synthetic analogues. The finding reviewed here should encourage the study of possible direct effects of other dietary compounds on Bcl-2 family proteins.
0328 Social Jetlag Decreases Across the Lifespan: A Longitudinal Big Data Analysis of Objective Sleep (2022)

Abstract Introduction Changes in social zeitgebers across the lifespan likely impact the interplay between biological and social clocks that fosters the circadian misalignment seen in social jetlag. Extant literature is limited to self-reported methods and cross-sectional designs and suggests older adulthood may be associated with a reduction in social jetlag given declining social obligations occurring after retirement. Using longitudinal ecologically-valid data, we examined the association between age as a continuous measure and social jetlag. We also examined whether work cessation is associated with a reduction in social jetlag. Methods Data from 2,446 users (mean age: 52.2 +/- 15.8, 51.8% female) across 473,113 nights were included in the analysis from the PSG-validated SleepScore Mobile Application, which uses a non-contact sonar-based method to objectively capture sleep-related metrics and self-reported lifestyle. Social jetlag (expressed in minutes) was defined as the difference between midsleep times on week and weekend days from a user’s total recording period. Linear regressions were used for the analysis. Age was examined as a both continuous variable, and as a dummy variable in a subsequent analyses in a subgroup of older adults, serving as a proxy for pre– (n = 604, age: 54-64, mean age: 60.5 +/- 2.8) and post-retirement (n = 428, age: 65-75, mean age: 69.9 +/- 2.8). Results Linear regressions revealed a significant negative association between overall age and social jetlag, whereby older age was associated with a reduction in social jetlag (ß=-0.64, SE=0.082, p&amp;lt;0.0001). In agreement with this finding, post-retirement age was associated with a significant reduction in social jetlag (ß=-15.31, SE=3.78, p&amp;lt;0.0001) as compared to pre-retirement. Conclusion The present analysis showed that social jetlag decreases across the lifespan, and its reduction appears to be amplified following retirement. Our findings are in-line with prior work demonstrating the reduction, but not extinction, of social jetlag in older adulthood. Support (If Any)
Abstract 4701: Integrated chemo-genomics approach for the identification of therapeutically amenable targets in small cell lung cancer (2011)

Abstract Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is the third most common lung cancer type and with a median overall survival of only 9.3 month for extended disease patients also one of the deadliest worldwide. While analyses of the genetic landscape of non-small cell lung cancers led to the identification of therapeutically amenable targets such as mutant EGFR or EML4-ALK fusions, the characterization of oncogenic pathways that drive tumorigenesis in SCLC lags behind this development, resulting in a lack of treatment options for SCLC patients. To address this therapeutic need systematically we performed high-resolution gene-copy number (6.0 SNP-arrays) in a cohort of 108 SCLC specimens (n=47 primary samples; n=61 cell lines). This analysis revealed novel recurrent amplifications and deletions that are specifically enriched in SCLC when compared to non-small cell lung cancer specimen. We next annotated the significant genetic lesions found in our SCLC set and linked these with the activity profiles of a library of 270 novel proprietary compounds as well as compounds currently in clinical develop, which were screened in 51 SCLC cell lines. Using an integrated genomics approach we detected genetic predictors for the activity and resistance to known PI3K/AKT-pathway inhibitors as well as novel inhibitors previously not associated with activity in SCLC. Using orthogonal functional assays we validated genetic alterations that predicted cytotoxicity of Pi3-kinase inhibition in SCLC cell lines and we validated compounds that exhibited exquisite cytotoxicity in MYC-amplified tumors. Overall, our data provides the first detailed genetic landscape of small-cell lung cancer with a functional annotation and implies that PI3K/AKT-pathway inhibitors represent therapeutics that warrant further clinical investigation in SCLC patients. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4701. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4701
Engineering of a Tyrosol-Producing Pathway, Utilizing Simple Sugar and the Central Metabolic Tyrosine, in Escherichia coli (2012)

Metabolic engineering was applied to the development of Escherichia coli capable of synthesizing tyrosol (2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethanol), an attractive phenolic compound with great industrial value, from glucose, a renewable carbon source. In this strain, tyrosine, which was supplied not only from the culture medium but also from the central metabolism, was converted into tyrosol via three steps: decarboxylation, amine oxidation, and reduction. The engineered strain synthesized both tyrosol and 4-hydroxyphenylacetate (4HPA), but disruption of the endogenous phenylacetaldehyde dehydrogenase gene shut off 4HPA production and improved the production of tyrosol as a sole product. The engineered mutant strain was capable of producing 0.5 mM tyrosol from 1% (w/v) glucose during a 48 h shake flask cultivation.
Development and physicochemical characterization of nanoliposomes with incorporated oleocanthal, oleacein, oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol (2021)

Oleocanthal (OLEO), Oleacein (OLEA), Hydroxytyrosol (HT) and Oleuropein (OLEU) are high-value secondary metabolites of Olea europaea (Oleaceae) with numerous biological activities. Nevertheless, their absorption during the oral administration or skin applications is limited due to low bioavailability. The incorporation of sensitive compounds in drug delivery nanosystems is a well-established method to overcome degradation and bioavailability problems.
Precise Dissection of an Escherichia coli O157:H7 Outbreak by Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Analysis (2013)

The current pathogen-typing methods have suboptimal sensitivities and specificities. DNA sequencing offers an opportunity to type pathogens with greater degrees of discrimination using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) than with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and other methodologies. In a recent cluster of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections attributed to salad bar exposures and romaine lettuce, a subset of cases denied exposure to either source, although PFGE and multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA) suggested that all isolates had the same recent progenitor. Interrogation of a preselected set of 3,442,673 nucleotides in backbone open reading frames (ORFs) identified only 1 or 2 single nucleotide differences in 3 of 12 isolates from the cases who denied exposure. The backbone DNAs of 9 of 9 and 3 of 3 cases who reported or were unsure about exposure, respectively, were isogenic. Backbone ORF SNP set sequencing offers pathogen differentiation capabilities that exceed those of PFGE and MLVA.
Angiotensin II Improves Random- Flap Viability in a Rat Model (1999)

Angiotensin II (AII) is a naturally occurring peptide that has been shown to be angiogenic, cause the proliferation of several primary cell types (including endothelial cells), accelerate the repair of dermal injuries, and increase production of growth factors and extracellular matrix. The effect of a single administration of AII on the viability and vascularity of a random flap was assessed in a rat model. In the control model, the viability of the distal portion of the flap was reduced consistently by postoperative day 8. Initially, AII was administered in an aqueous vehicle (phosphate-buffered saline [PBS]) and a viscous vehicle (10% carboxymethyl cellulose [CMC]). Administration of 1 mg per milliliter AII in PBS did not affect the viability of random flaps (1.2 x 7 cm) in this animal model. However, a single administration of a higher dose of AII in PBS (10 mg per milliliter) or 1 mg per milliliter AII in the CMC vehicle resulted in 67% of the grafts being fully viable at postsurgical day 12, in contrast to vehicle-treated control flaps, none of which were fully viable at day 12. Furthermore, the portion of the flap that was viable was increased significantly (p < or = 0.05). Subsequently, a study was conducted to assess the dose-response curve for AII in a CMC vehicle in this rat model. As the dose of AII was reduced, the percentage of animals with fully viable flaps and the percentage of the flap that was viable decreased correspondingly. Administration of 0.03 mg per milliliter AII and greater increased significantly (p < or = 0.05) the viability of the flaps. In conclusion, AII appears to be highly efficacious in increasing the percentage of distal flap surface area survival when administered as a single topical dose to the wound bed.
Optimizing High-Flow Nasal Cannula Flow Settings Based on Peak Inspiratory Flow During Tidal Breathing (2021)

Background:There is little guidance on optimal flow settings during therapy with high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) based on breathing patterns in patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF). Methods:After approval by the ethic committee in Rush University (No. 18102503-IRB01) and registration on clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03738345), we conducted a prospective clinical study that included adult patients with hypoxemia treated by HFNC with a fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO2) ≥ 0.4. Peak tidal inspiratory flow (PTIF) was measured on each study participant, and HFNC flows were set to match their PTIF and then increased by 10 L/min up to a maximum flow of 60 L/min. FIO2 was titrated to maintain pulse oximetry (SpO2) of 90-97% at each flow setting. SpO2/ FIO2, respiratory rate (RR), ROX index ([SpO2/FIO2]/RR), and patient comfort were recorded after 5–10 min on each HFNC setting. We also conducted an in-vitro study replicating the breathing pattern acquired from the clinical study to explore the relationship between the HFNC flow settings and the tracheal FIO2, peak inspiratory and expiratory pressures. Results:Forty-nine hypoxemic patients (25 had COVID-19) age 58.0 (SD 14.1) y were enrolled. Mean PTIF (34.1 [8.5] L/min) was similar in COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients. As HFNC flow increased, SpO2/ FIO2 and ROX index significantly improved (P < 0.05) (Figure 1). In the in-vitro study, when the HFNC flow was set >PTIF, tracheal peak inspiratory and expiratory pressures increased as HFNC flow increased but the FIO2 did not change (Figure 2). Conclusions:Hypoxemic patients, with and without COVID-19, present similar PTIF values of ∼30 to 40 L/min. We observed improvement in oxygenation with HFNC flows set above the patient’s PTIF. Thus, a pragmatic approach to set optimal flows in patients with AHRF would be to initiate HFNC flow at ∼40 L/min and titrate the flow based on improvement in oxygenation and patient tolerance.Fig 1. The correlation between SpO2/FIO2 ratio and flow ratioFig 2. The correlation between flow ratio and FIO2, peak inspiratory and expiratory pressure at trachea in the in-vitro study.
TRIDENT Drill for VIPER and PRIME-1 Missions to the Moon (2023)

The Regolith and Ice Drill for Exploration of New Terrains (TRIDENT) is an ice mining drill under development for two exploration/ISRU missions to the Moon: Volatiles Investigating Polar Exploration Rover (VIPER), and PRIME-1 (Polar Resources Ice Mining Experiment). Both missions are targeting South Pole’s volatile rich deposits. The primary goal of TRIDENT is to deliver volatile-rich samples from up 1 m depth to the lunar surface. Once on surface, the material would be analyzed by mass spectrometer observing lunar operations (MSolo) and/or the near infrared volatile spectrometer subsystem (NIRVSS). In addition to being tool for providing samples, TRIDENT is also an instrument. TRIDENT drilling power and penetration rate is used to determine regolith strength. TRIDENT’s integrated heater and temperature sensors could measure downhole temperature and thermal conductivity. TRIDENT will also be able to provide bearing capacity of the top lunar surface as well as regolith’s in situ density to 1 m depth.
Competing and simultaneous click reactions at the interface and in solution (2016)

Two competing click reactions are studied in solution and at the interface of nanodroplets. By adjusting the reaction kinetics, both polyaddition (thiol–maleimide) and polycondensation (disulfide exchange) proceed simultaneously.
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Proanthocyanidins in Foods and Beverages (1999)

Monomeric and oligomeric proanthocyanidins present in a range of plant-derived foods and beverages were separated by degree of polymerization and identified using a modified normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method coupled with on-line mass spectrometry (MS) analysis using an atmospheric pressure ionization electrospray chamber. In addition, ultraviolet (UV) and fluorescence detection were used to monitor the separation of proanthocyanidins, with fluorescence detection demonstrating both increased sensitivity and the ability to reduce interfering signals from other components present in the food and beverage matrices as compared to UV detection. This qualitative study demonstrates the ability of this HPLC/MS technique to separate singly and doubly linked procyanidins, prodelphinidins, and copolymer oligomers, including their galloylated derivatives, present in a range of food and beverage samples.
All-optical high-frequency characterization of optical devices for optomicrowave applications (2000)

Presents an original method to investigate the frequency response of optomicrowave devices in the GHz-THz range. In order to reach such a high bandwidth, we take advantage of the wide spectrum associated with femtosecond laser pulses. Using nonlinear crosscorrelation optical technique under appropriate conditions, the transfer function of a device is derived from its measured impulse response. We experimentally demonstrate our method by testing an integrated Mach-Zehnder interferometer, which acts as a notch filter for modulation frequencies that are odd multiples of 15 GHz.