gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental Quantum-enhanced Reinforcement Learning (2021)

In reinforcement learning, a key question for applications is how fast agents can learn. By introducing an agent capable of interacting classically as well as quantum-mechanically with its environment, we experimentally prove that a speed-up in the agent’s learning time is possible.
Rapid Thermal Alloyed Ohmic Contacts to p‐Type GaAs (1989)

A systematic study of Au/Zn/Au ohmic contacts to Be‐implanted p‐type by rapid thermal alloying is presented. The processing conditions, such as zinc composition and temperature‐time cycle, are optimized. For the peak hole concentration, about , contact resistivity as low as is obtained. The microstructure of the contact is investigated using SEM, EDXA, AES, and XRD measurements in order to explore the correlation of the structural information with electrical characteristics represented by contact resistivity. It is found that during alloying, the layer near the interface is decomposed due to Ga and As outdiffusion, enhanced by Au interdiffusion. Ga diffuses to the contact surface in a much larger extent than As does. The interaction of Au and Ga, which produces phase, plays a key role in the formation of alloyed ohmic contacts to . The rapid thermal processing technique provides better control of Au‐Ga reaction, as well as limited dissolution of the surface, which makes the optimum ohmic contact possible. The present work has demonstrated that rapid thermal alloying offers obvious advantages over the conventional furnace alloying process, including lower contact resistivity, better interface morphology by limiting interfacial liquid phase reaction, and controlled shallow penetration depth.
Vibration-enhanced underground sensing (2020)

Modern landmine detection capability struggles to discriminate between dangerous targets and harmless clutter, which increases the risk and time required for mine-clearing operations. To reduce risk to the warfighter, Vadum is developing the Vibration-ENhanced Underground Sensing (VENUS) system for improved landmine identification capability. The novel sensor uses an electromagnetic stimulus to induce mechanical vibrations in buried targets that are detectable using a sensitive RF vibrometer. Landmines produce unique phenomenological responses to the stimulus as a result of specific structural features that distinguish targets from other metal clutter. This physics-based approach enables discrimination even for low-metal-content (LMC) antipersonnel mines. In this paper, a high-level system architecture and test results from the VENUS hardware prototype are presented. A high dynamic range RF vibrometer design enables extraction of small vibration-modulated signals less than 200 Hz from the RF carrier. Distinct vibrational responses collected by the hardware prototype are shown for several buried inert antipersonnel landmines to demonstrate feasibility at up to two inches of burial depth. System capability tradeoffs are discussed and compared to the state-of-the-art including sensitivity, detection depth, discrimination capability, and achievable size, weight, and power (SWAP).
Instantaneous Electrophysiological Changes Characterizing Achievement of Mitral Isthmus Linear Block (2011)

The achievement of conduction block across MI line is associated with recognizable changes in the local MI electrograms and the P wave morphology especially in the lateral leads. These instantaneous critical changes may assist catheter ablation and indicate the requirement for prolonged RF application, if necessary.
Maximizing cubic phase gallium nitride surface coverage on nano-patterned silicon (100) (2016)

Here we investigate the hexagonal-to-cubic phase transition in metalorganic-chemical-vapor-deposition-grown gallium nitride enabled via silicon (100) nano-patterning. Electron backscatter diffraction and depth-resolved cathodoluminescence experiments show complete cubic phase GaN surface coverage when GaN deposition thickness (hc), etch depth (td), and opening width (p) obey hc≈1.06p−0.75td; in line with a geometrical model based on crystallography. Cubic GaN uniformity is studied via electron backscatter diffraction and cathodoluminescence measurements. Atomic force microscopy reveals a smooth cubic GaN surface. Phase-transition cubic GaN shows promising optical and structural quality for integrated photonic devices.
Optical Properties Of Curing Epoxies And Applications To The Fiber Optic Composite Cure Sensor (1990)

An in-situ fiber optic technique for determining the endpoint of cure of a thermoset polymer has been demonstrated and described previously [1]. The technique requires no calibration and is readily used as a cure detector in epoxy-based composite materials [2]. In brief, a short sensing fiber element is prepared from the thermoset resin of interest, and brought to a fully-cured state. In order to detect the endpoint of cure of this same resin when used as a matrix in a composite panel for example, the sensing fiber element is embedded within the panel during layup. Conventional multimode silica optical fibers are joined to each end of the sensing fiber with a small amount of epoxy. The silica fibers extend beyond the panel itself. Near infrared light from an LED is transmitted through the fiber arrangement, and the intensity of the transmitted light is measured with a photodetector. The fully-cured resin sensing fiber has a larger refractive index than uncured or partially-cured resin, and therefore acts as an efficient waveguide of varying numerical aperture when it is surrounded by the progressively curing matrix. When the surrounding resin becomes fully cured, the waveguiding capabilities of the sensor fiber are lost, and the transmitted light decays to zero, independent of the cure temperature. Thus, a null sensor output indicates that the resin in the composite panel is fully cured. This occurs at any temperature, without calibration, due to the self-referencial nature of the sensor.
Vesicle‐bound EBV‐BART13‐3p miRNA in circulation distinguishes nasopharyngeal from other head and neck cancer and asymptomatic EBV‐infections (2018)

Cell-free microRNA (miRNA) in biofluids released by tumors in either protein or vesicle-bound form, represent promising minimally-invasive cancer biomarkers. However, a highly abundant non-tumor background in human plasma and serum complicates the discovery and detection of tumor-selective circulating miRNAs. We performed small RNA sequencing on serum and plasma RNA from Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC) patients. Collectively, Epstein Barr virus-encoded miRNAs, more so than endogenous miRNAs, signify presence of NPC. However, RNAseq-based EBV miRNA profiles differ between NPC patients, suggesting inter-tumor heterogeneity or divergent secretory characteristics. We determined with sensitive qRT-PCR assays that EBV miRNAs BART7-3p, BART9-3p and BART13-3p are actively secreted by C666.1 NPC cells bound to extracellular vesicles (EVs) and soluble ribonucleoprotein complexes. Importantly, these miRNAs are expressed in all primary NPC tumor biopsies and readily detected in nasopharyngeal brushings from both early and late-stage NPC patients. Increased levels of BART7-3p, BART9-3p and particularly BART13-3p, distinguish NPC patient sera from healthy controls. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis using sera from endemic NPC patients, other head and neck cancers and individuals with asymptomatic EBV-infections reveals a superior diagnostic performance of EBV miRNAs over anti-EBNA1 IgA serology and EBV-DNA load (AUC 0.87-0.96 vs 0.86 and 0.66 respectively). The high specificity of circulating EBV-BART13-3p (97%) for NPC detection is in agreement with active secretion from NPC tumor cells. We conclude EV-bound BART13-3p in circulation is a promising, NPC-selective, biomarker that should be considered as part of a screening strategy to identify NPC in endemic regions.
Fire Retardancy of Polypropylene Composites Using Intumescent Coatings (2009)

The aim of this study is to evaluate potential application of an intumescent coating in order to fire retard polypropylene composites. Using intumescent coatings and specific surface treatments such as cold plasma treatment prior to making the deposit, PP composites presenting a UL94 V-0 classification at low thickness have been obtained. Moreover, PP composites reinforced by CaCO3 show a classification in the Glow Wire Index test at 960 °C. The surface modifications due to the cold plasma treatment are investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and contact angle measurement. It is observed that oxidation and etching occurs during the treatment resulting in an increased in the wetting behavior and thus to an improvement of the adhesion of the intumescent paints on the substrates. This good adhesion enables one to achieve good fire retardant properties.
Frontiers in Medicinal Chemistry – Joint German-Swiss Meeting on Medicinal Chemistry: Berlin, Germany, March 18–21, 2007 (2007)

The 2007 congress Frontiers in Medicinal Chemistry was organized as a joint German–Swiss meeting on medicinal chemistry and was held at the Freie Universität Berlin. It focused on the areas of antiinfectives and tropical diseases, CNS disorders and neurodegeneration, and on oncology. Two additional sessions on new technologies and metabolism and on 'highlights' completed the program. The lectures covered a broad range of interdisciplinary topics, defining disease state, applying technologies to screen for pathological targets, molecular design and lead optimization programs, and challenges and aspects of industrial syntheses and process research.
Effects of inverse-RZ and Manchester code on a wavelength re-used WDM-PON (2006)

We analyze and compare the characteristics of wavelength re-used WDM-PON which adapts Manchester or IRZ coded downstream and NRZ coded upstream. The results show that Manchester code is desirable in the asymmetric down/upstream bit rates, whereas IRZ code with low duty ratio is desirable in the symmetric down/upstream bit rate
Angular and spectral characteristics of a wideband microwave absorber (2014)

Investigation of a wideband flexible microwave absorber with an inhomogeneous resistive sheet made of ink with graphene nanoplatelets is presented in this paper. The analysis is performed for an obliquely incident plane wave of both TE and TM polarizations. It is shown that the absorber's angular performance can be improved applying a cellular spacer with resistive stripes printed on its vertical sides. The results of full wave electromagnetic simulations are presented and discussed.
Edge Capping of 2D‐MXene Sheets with Polyanionic Salts To Mitigate Oxidation in Aqueous Colloidal Suspensions (2019)

Abstract MXenes have shown promise in myriad applications, such as energy storage, catalysis, EMI shielding, among many others. However, MXene oxidation in aqueous colloidal suspensions when stored in water at ambient conditions remains a challenge. It is now shown that by simply capping the edges of individual MXene flakes, Ti 3 C 2 T z and V 2 CT z , by polyanions such as polyphosphates, polysilicates or polyborates, it is possible to quite significantly reduce their propensity for oxidation even when held in aerated water for weeks. This breakthrough resulted from the realization that the edges of MXene sheets are positively charged. It is thus an example of selectively functionalizing the edges differently from the MXene sheet surfaces.
Efficient Verification of B-tree Integrity. (2009)

Abstract: The integrity of B-tree structures can become compromised for many reasons. Since these inconsistencies manifest themselves in unpredictable ways, all commercial database management systems include mechanisms to verify the integrity and trustworthiness of an individual index and of a set of related indexes, and all vendors recommend index verification as part of regular database maintenance. This paper introduces algorithms for B-tree validation, reviews the algorithms’ strengths and weaknesses, and proposes a simple yet effective improvement for key verification across multiple B-tree levels. The performance is such that B-tree verification can become part of scans or backups. Our experimental comparisons include algorithm performance and scalability measured using a shipping product. 1
Energy efficient IEEE 802.11 WLAN discovery for heterogeneous 3GPP LTE network (2015)

Integration of IEEE 802.11 wireless local area networks with the 3GPP based cellular networks has attracted significant interest in recent releases of 3GPP. But the current scanning procedures used for the discovery of WLANs, implemented in most smartphones, is very inefficient due to unnecessary scan operations. In this paper, we have proposed modified scanning algorithms to reduce the amount of undesirable scans. In the proposed schemes, the UE schedules its scanning operations with assistance from the cellular network on the operator deployed WLAN network and offload policies. The simulation results in ns-3, with additional modules implemented for ANDSF and IEEE 802.11u for 3GPP-WLAN interworking, have shown significant improvement in energy consumption along with better association time for the users.
On QoS Provisioning in ATM Networks (2002)

ATM is representative of the connection-oriented resource provisioning class of protocols. An ATM network is expected to provide end-to-end QoS guarantees to connections in the form of bounds on delays, errors and/or losses. Performance management involves measurement of QoS parameters, and application of control measures (if required) to improve the QoS provided to connections, or to improve the resource utilization at switches. QoS provisioning is very important for real-time connections in which losses are irrecoverable and delays cause interruptions in service. Most scheduling disciplines provide static allocation of resources at connection setup time. End-to-end bounds are obtainable for some schedulers, however these are precluded for heterogeneously composed networks. The resource allocation does not adapt to the QoS provided to connections in real-time. In addition, mechanisms to measure the QoS of a connection in real-time are scarce. A novel framework for QoS management is proposed in this paper to provide QoS guarantees to real-time connec-tions. It comprises of in-service QoS monitoring mechanisms, a hierarchical scheduling algorithm based on dynamic priorities that are adaptive to measurements, and methods to tune the schedulers at individual nodes based on the end-to-end measurements.
Trends in Speech and Language Processing [In the Spotlight] (2011)

In summary, for speech and language processing, years of research progress now underpins numerous commercial applications, and these advancements are clearly migrating into everyday use. Even so, a number of important and interesting challenges not only remain but have been created as these technologies migrate into real-world applications.
Supplementary Figure S2 from A Four-Gene Promoter Methylation Marker Panel Consisting of <i>GREM1, NEURL, LAD1,</i> and <i>NEFH</i> Predicts Survival of Clear Cell Renal Cell Cancer Patients (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S2. Validation of up-regulation of gene expression after demethylation with DAC by qRT-PCR for 22 genes. Relative mRNA expression of 22 genes analyzed by qRT-PCR in ccRCC cell lines SKRC1, SKRC52 and SKRC59 treated with either mock or 5ÃŽÂ¼m 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (DAC) for 96 hours. Expression levels were analyzed in triplo unless stated otherwise. Error bars indicate the standard error of the mean. * in duplo; ** single values due to technical failure; *** no expression in SKRC1 and SKRC59.&lt;/p&gt;
Rotated dispersed dither (1994)

Rotated dispersed-dot dither is proposed as a new dither technique for digital halftoning. It is based on the discrete one-to-one rotation of a Bayer dispersed-dot dither array. Discrete rotation has the effect of rotating and splitting a significant part of the frequency impulses present in Bayer's halftone arrays into many low-amplitude distributed impulses. The halftone patterns produced by the rotated dither method therefore incorporate fewer disturbing artifacts than the horizontal and vertical components present in most of Bayer's halftone patterns. In grayscale wedges produced by rotated dither, texture changes at consecutive gray levels are much smoother than in error diffusion or in Bayer's dispersed-dot dither methods, thereby avoiding contouring effects.
Terahertz Channel Model and Link Budget Analysis for Intrabody Nanoscale Communication (2017)

Nanosized devices operating inside the human body open up new prospects in the healthcare domain. Invivo wireless nanosensor networks (iWNSNs) will result in a plethora of applications ranging from intrabody health-monitoring to drug-delivery systems. With the development of miniature plasmonic signal sources, antennas, and detectors, wireless communications among intrabody nanodevices will expectedly be enabled at both the terahertz band (0.1-10 THz) as well as optical frequencies (400-750 THz). This result motivates the analysis of the phenomena affecting the propagation of electromagnetic signals inside the human body. In this paper, a rigorous channel model for intrabody communication in iWNSNs is developed. The total path loss is computed by taking into account the combined effect of the spreading of the propagating wave, molecular absorption from human tissues, as well as scattering from both small and large body particles. The analytical results are validated by means of electromagnetic wave propagation simulations. Moreover, this paper provides the first framework necessitated for conducting link budget analysis between nanodevices operating within the human body. This analysis is performed by taking into account the transmitter power, medium path loss, and receiver sensitivity, where both the THz and photonic devices are considered. The overall attenuation model of intrabody THz and optical frequency propagation facilitates the accurate design and practical deployment of iWNSNs.
Private AI: Machine Learning on Encrypted Data (2022)

Abstract This paper gives an overview of my Invited Plenary Lecture at the International Congress of Industrial and Applied Mathematics (ICIAM) in Valencia in July 2019.
Towards Textual Out-of-Domain Detection Without In-Domain Labels (2022)

In many real-world settings, machine learning models need to identify user inputs that are out-of-domain (OOD) so as to avoid performing wrong actions. This work focuses on a challenging case of OOD detection, where no labels for in-domain data are accessible (e.g., no intent labels for the intent classification task). To this end, we first evaluate different language model based approaches that predict likelihood for a sequence of tokens. Furthermore, we propose a novel representation learning based method by combining unsupervised clustering and contrastive learning so that better data representations for OOD detection can be learned. Through extensive experiments, we demonstrate that this method can significantly outperform likelihood-based methods and can be even competitive to the state-of-the-art supervised approaches with label information.
Induction of human hemogenesis in adult fibroblasts by defined factors and hematopoietic coculture (2019)

Transcription factor (TF)-based reprogramming of somatic tissues holds great promise for regenerative medicine. Previously, we demonstrated that the TFs GATA2, GFI1B, and FOS convert mouse and human fibroblasts to hemogenic endothelial-like precursors that generate hematopoietic stem progenitor (HSPC)-like cells over time. This conversion is lacking in robustness both in yield and biological function. Herein, we show that inclusion of GFI1 to the reprogramming cocktail significantly expands the HSPC-like population. AFT024 coculture imparts functional potential to these cells and allows quantification of stem cell frequency. Altogether, we demonstrate an improved human hemogenic induction protocol that could provide a valuable human in vitro model of hematopoiesis for disease modeling and a platform for cell-based therapeutics. DATABASE: Gene expression data are available in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database under the accession number GSE130361.
Nanoflares: Probes for Transfection and mRNA Detection in Living Cells* (2020)

Probes to visualize and detect intracellular RNA including those used for in situ staining, molecular beacons, and fluorescent resonance energy transfer (FRET) pairs are important tools to measure and quantify activity in living systems in response to external stimuli. Approaches for visualizing RNA in cells typically utilize fluorophore-labeled synthetic oligonucleotides such as FRET probes or molecular beacon reporters, which translate a specific RNA binding event into a fluorescent signal. The discovery and subsequent development of the oligonucleotide-nanoparticle conjugate have led to a variety of new opportunities in molecular diagnostics and materials design. The nanoflares described herein are oligonucleotide-functionalized nanoparticle conjugates designed to provide an intracellular fluorescence signal that correlates with the relative amount of a specific intracellular RNA. Having established the signaling ability of nanoflare probes with synthetic targets, their ability to enter cells and detect RNA targets was investigated.
STUDIES ON NORMAL AND LEUKEMIC LEUKOCYTES. IV. TETRAHYDROFOLATE-DEPENDENT ENZYME SYSTEMS AND DIHYDROFOLIC REDUCTASE* (1963)

A number of investigations (3-6) have been concerned with biochemical characteristics of normal and leukemic leukocytes with special reference to enzymatic reactions that might represent potential targets for chemotherapeutic agents.Tetrahydrofolate-dependent enzyme systems provide a particularly promising area for this approach, since they mediate reactions in which 1-carbon units are incorporated into precursors of nucleic acids and proteins, namely, inosinate, thymidylate, methionine, histidine, and serine (7-9).Further support for this reasoning is provided by other experimental facts: a) the levels of folic acid and folinic acid are considerably higher in acute leukemia cells than in normal cells (10); b) the folic acid antagonists (aminopterin, amethopterin, and dichloroamethopterin) frequently produce transient remissions in patients with acute leukemia; and c) the rate of incorporation of C14formate and C14-formaldehyde into purines and into DNA-thymine is markedly increased in chronic myelocytic leukemic cells as compared with normal cells, and these processes are inhibited by aminopterin and amethopterin (11-13).In the present investigation several tetrahydrofolate-dependent enzymes and dihydrofolic re- ductase ( 14) have been studied in circulating hu- nman leukocytes.A comparison has been made of the level of these enzymes in normal cells and in
450 nm (Al,In)GaN optical amplifier with double ‘j-shape’ waveguide for master oscillator power amplifier systems (2018)

In this paper we demonstrate 450 nm (Al,In)GaN graded index separate confinement heterostructure travelling wave optical amplifier with a double 'j-shape' waveguide. The length of the amplifier is 2.5 mm and the width of the ridge is 2.5 µm. The active region consists of three 3.5 nm thick quantum wells. The measured optical gain under CW operation in room temperature exceeded 29 dB for low power input signals. The saturation output power was 21 dBm for 400 mA driving current. The demonstrated amplifier, provides a good solution for the blue light, all nitrides, and master oscillator power amplifier systems.