gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Shim design using a linear programming algorithm (2004)

The advent of open magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners and dedicated MRI scanners tailored to specific body parts has led to an increasing number of noncylindrical MRI scanner geometries, for which noncylindrical gradients and shims are needed. These new scanner geometries are driving the need for fast, flexible shim design methods that can design shim coils for any geometry. A linear programming (LP) algorithm was developed to design minimum-power resistive shim coils on an arbitrary surface. These coils can be designed to produce any order shim field over an arbitrarily shaped target region, which can be placed anywhere within the coil. The resulting designs are relatively sparse and can be readily constructed. This algorithm was used to design and construct a seven-coil cylindrical shim set for a knee imaging magnet with a cylindrical homogeneous region. The algorithm was then used to design shim coils for a biradial head imager with an asymmetrically located spherical target region for brain imaging.
Fatigue crack propagation in microlayer composites of polycarbonate and poly(styrene–acrylonitrile) (1990)

Abstract The effect of layer thickness on fatigue crack propagation (FCP) in microlayer composites of polycarbonate (PC) and styrene–acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN) has been studied. Variation in layer thickness was achieved by increasing the number of layers from 49 to 776 while keeping the overall sheet thickness and composition the same. It was found that the 776 layer composite had a larger number of fatigue cycles from crack initiation to fracture, a longer stable crack length and higher value of critical strain energy release rate J 1C . Microscopic characterization of the damage zone and resulting fracture surface revealed a transition from SAN crazing to shear deformation as layer thickness decreased from 18 to 1 μm; the resulting plastic deformation and ductile fracture of the 776 layer composite was responsible for the enhanced FCP resistance. The ductile fracture mechanism produced a measurable temperature rise at the crack tip that revealed the stop–start nature of crack propagation.
A Volume Fraction Based Two-Phase Constitutive Model for Blood (2008)

Mechanically-induced blood trauma such as hemolysis and thrombosis often occurs at microscopic channels, steps and crevices within cardiovascular devices. A predictive mathematical model based on a broad understanding of hemodynamics at micro scale is needed to mitigate these effects, and is the motivation of this research project.
Cellular Immune Responses to HPV-18, -31, and -53 in Healthy Volunteers Immunized with Recombinant HPV-16 L1 Viruslike Particles (2006)

Pinto, LA; Viscidi, R; Harro, CD; Kemp, TJ; Garcia-Pineres, AJ; Trivett, M; Demuth, F; Lowy, DR; Schiller, JT; Berzofsky, JA; Hildesheim, A
Structure-Based Design of Stapled Peptides That Bind GABARAP and Inhibit Autophagy (2022)

The LC3/GABARAP family of proteins is involved in nearly every stage of autophagy. Inhibition of LC3/GABARAP proteins is a promising approach to blocking autophagy, which sensitizes advanced cancers to DNA-damaging chemotherapy. Here, we report the structure-based design of stapled peptides that inhibit GABARAP with nanomolar affinities. Small changes in staple structure produced stapled peptides with very different binding modes and functional differences in LC3/GABARAP paralog selectivity, ranging from highly GABARAP-specific to broad inhibition of both subfamilies. The stapled peptides exhibited considerable cytosolic penetration and resistance to biological degradation. They also reduced autophagic flux in cultured ovarian cancer cells and sensitized ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin. These small, potent stapled peptides represent promising autophagy-modulating compounds that can be developed as novel cancer therapeutics and novel mediators of targeted protein degradation.
Aqueous Synthesis of Non-superparamagnetic MnFe2O4 Nanoparticles and their Magnetic Properties (2007)

Nanocrystalline MnFe2O4 particles with average particle diameters 50 nm and less were synthesized by using the oxidation method. The superparamagnetic behavior, which is influenced by the particle size, was controlled by varying the concentration of the oxidant. The Mössbauer spectrum showed only sextets corresponding to the A‐ and B‐sites of the ferrite, when the particle size is larger than 50 nm. However, the appearance of superparamagnetic doublet was recorded for the manganese ferrite particles synthesized using higher concentration of oxidant. The saturation magnetization of the particles larger than 50 nm was almost equal to their bulk counter part.
From portable Raman to mobile Raman: the progression of Raman spectroscopy (2018)

Over the past 15, Raman systems have evolved from benchtop analyzers interfaced with a laptop computer to a smart phone based sensor. The journey from the first handheld system to newly developed smartphone-based Raman sensors is presented. Combining a Raman sensor with a smartphone enables advanced processors and cloud computing, greatly expanding Raman capabilities. We will discuss a range of applications, from process to security.
Uremia and Inadequate Oxygen Supply Induce Eryptosis and Intracellular Hypoxia in Red Blood Cells (2021)

These findings suggest the participation of uremic toxins and hypoxia in the process of eryptosis and intracellular oxygenation.
Subtalar distraction bone block arthrodesis (2001)

This retrospective study analyses the results of subtalar bone block distraction arthrodesis used in the treatment of late complications of calcaneal fractures, acute severely comminuted fractures, nonunion (and malunion) of attempted subtalar arthrodeses, avascular necrosis of the talus, and club-foot deformity. Of 39 patients (41 feet) who had this procedure, 35 (37 feet) returned for follow-up after a mean of 70 months (26 to 140). There were 24 men (25 feet) and 11 women (12 feet) with a mean age of 41 years (16 to 63). Each completed a standardised questionnaire, based on the hindfoot-scoring system of the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society and were reviewed both clinically and radiologically. Of the 37 operations, 32 (87%) achieved union. The mean hindfoot score (maximum of 94 points) increased from 21.1 points (8 to 46) preoperatively to 68.9 (14 to 82) at the final follow-up. The mean talocalcaneal and calcaneal pitch angles were 20.5° and 4.9° before operation, 25.9° and 8.3° immediately after, and 24.6° and 7.7° at the final follow-up, respectively. The mean talar declination angle improved from 6.5° (−10 to 22) before operation to 24.8° (14 to 32) at the final follow-up. The mean talocalcaneal height increased from 68.7 mm before operation to 74.5 mm immediately after and 73.5 mm at the final follow-up. Of the 37 arthrodeses available for review, 32 were successful; 29 patients (30 arthrodeses) were satisfied with the procedure. Minimal loss of hindfoot alignment occurred when comparing radiographs taken immediately after operation and at final follow-up.
The complex relationship between greenspace and well‐being in children with and without autism (2022)

Greenspace (defined here as canopy coverage) positively correlates with improved well-being in typically developing individuals, but this relationship has not been established in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). To investigate this relationship, the current study merged data from the National Survey of Children's Health (2012) with the National Land Cover Database. Across typically developing children, children with ASD, and non-autistic children with special healthcare needs (CSHCN), greenspace unexpectedly negatively correlated with well-being. Further, compared with typically developing children, children with ASD or CSHCN status had lower well-being. Interestingly, typically developing children with conduct problems displayed an unexpected negative relationship (i.e. as greenspace increased whereas well-being decreased), though those without conduct problems showed no relationship. Children with ASD displayed no relationship between greenspace independent of conduct problems. CSHCN displayed non-significant trends suggesting mild positive relationships between greenspace and well-being. These data indicate the relationship between greenspace and well-being is more complex than expected and may depend on the diagnostic traits of the population studied.
Supplementary Figure Legends 1-3, Table Legend, Microarray Analysis from hnRNP A2/B1 Modulates Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Lung Cancer Cell Lines (2023)

Supplementary Figure Legends 1-3, Table Legend, Microarray Analysis from hnRNP A2/B1 Modulates Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Lung Cancer Cell Lines
Author response for "Real world hypoglycemia related to glucose variability and flash glucose scan frequency assessed from global FreeStyle Libre data" (2022)

When you use FreeStyle Software ("Software"), your information and data derived from your FreeStyle glucose meter or reader ("Device") will be transmitted to us when your computer has internet connectivity.
Strain Improvement and Process Development for Biobutanol Production (2009)

Among various renewable and sustainable energy sources being explored, biobutanol has been recognized as one of the promising alternatives for biofuels due to its attractive physical and chemical properties. Various inventions have been reported for the biological production of butanol, maintaining its competitiveness in efficiency, economy, and production scale. This article reviews such patented inventions and relevant research achievements to the microbial strains and fermentation processes for the enhanced production of biobutanol. We also discuss current challenges for strain improvement based on recent developments.
Characterization of The Active Site of Schwanniomyces Occidentalis Glucoamylase by In Vitro Mutagenesis (1997)

Site-directed mutagenesis was performed to define the active site of the Schwanniomyces occidentalis glucoamylase. The mutated GAM1 genes were expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and enzymatic and growth properties of the transformants were determined. Mutants were transcribed and translated similar to the wild-type glucoamylase. Therefore, all effects on enzymatic activity could be referred to single amino acid substitutions. Asp470 was shown to be essential for the enzyme activity. Replacement of Asp470 by glycine led to a complete loss of activity. We suppose that Asp470 serves as a general acid-base and stabilizes the formation of the intermediate carbenium ion. Substitution of Trp468 by alanine affected predominantly the alpha-1,6 activity and not the alpha-1,4 activity of the enzyme. The exchange impaired substrate binding as well as enzymatic catalysis. An influence of amino acid 474 on the substrate specificity could not be demonstrated. Exchanges at position 474 exhibited K(m) and Vmax values similar to wild-type glucoamylase.
A 45nm 48-core IA processor with variation-aware scheduling and optimal core mapping (2011)

This paper describes energy benefits from variation-aware dynamic voltage frequency scaling (VA-DVFS) schemes & presents measured within-die core-to-core maximum operational frequency (Fmax), leakage & thermal variations for a 45nm 48-core IA processor. On-package voltage regulators (OPVR) supplying 8 independent voltage rails combined with 24 frequency islands enable VA-DVFS to exploit these variations for improved performance or energy efficiency. Measurements with industry standard benchmarks on a real system show that the proposed VA-DVFS & optimal core mapping schemes (VA-L & VA-LV) improve core computation energy by up to 21% & chip energy by up to 14.5% across varying voltage/frequency (V/F) operating points & core counts.
Histamine-3 Receptor Inverse Agonists for the Treatment of Obesity: Validation of the Target and Identification of Novel Series (2009)

Obesity is a major risk factor for the development of conditions such as hypertension, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, coronary artery disease and cancer. Several pieces of evidence, including data in primates, have demonstrated the beneficial effects of histamine-3 receptor (H3R) inverse agonists in the regulation of food intake and body weight. A pharmacophore model based on selected published H3R ligands and validated by previous investigations, was used to identify the 5-oxy-2-carboxamide-indole core as a novel series of H3R inverse agonists. Extensive structure–activity relationship (SAR) investigations were rewarded by the identification of several compounds reversing (R)-?-methyl-histamine-induced water intake increase and reducing food intake/body weight in rodent models of obesity. Among those compounds, (4,4-difluoro-piperidin-1-yl)-[1-isopropyl-5-(1-isopropyl-piperidin-4-yloxy)-1H-indol-2-yl]-methanone, selected as a lead compound, was exhibiting a promising profile, including excellent pharmacokinetic properties, good in vitro safety profile and high efficacy in a chronic rodent model of obesity.
Oxygen distribution and vascular injury in the mouse eye measured by phosphorescence-lifetime imaging (2005)

Maps of the oxygen distribution in the retina of the mouse eye were obtained by phosphorescence-lifetime imaging. Phosphor dissolved in the blood was excited by modulated light and phosphorescence imaged through microscope optics with an intensified-CCD camera. Phosphorescence lifetimes and oxygen pressures were calculated for each pixel of the images. The resolution was sufficient to permit the detection of anomalies that result in reduced oxygen pressures in individual retinal capillaries. High-resolution maps of oxygen distribution in the retina can provide greater understanding of the role of oxygen and vascular function in diseases of the eye.
Cryo-EM Structures Delineate a pH-Dependent Switch that Mediates Endosomal Positioning of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Receptor-Binding Domains (2020)

The SARS-CoV-2 spike employs mobile receptor-binding domains (RBDs) to engage the ACE2 receptor and to facilitate virus entry. Antibodies can engage RBD but some, such as CR3022, fail to inhibit entry despite nanomolar spike affinity. Here we show the SARS-CoV-2 spike to have low unfolding enthalpy at serological pH and up to 10-times more unfolding enthalpy at endosomal pH, where we observe significantly reduced CR3022 affinity. Cryo-EM structures -at serological and endosomal pH- delineated spike recognition of up to three ACE2 molecules, revealing RBD to freely adopt the 'up' conformation. In the absence of ACE2, single-RBD-up conformations dominated at pH 5.5, resolving into a locked all-down conformation at lower pH. Notably, a pH-dependent refolding region (residues 824-858) at the spike-interdomain interface displayed dramatic structural rearrangements and mediated RBD positioning and spike shedding of antibodies like CR3022. An endosomal mechanism involving spike-conformational change can thus facilitate immune evasion from RBD-'up'-recognizing antibody.
Interference coordination and performance enhancement for shared relay networks in LTE-Advanced systems (2011)

In this paper, we proposed a comprehensive resource allocation scheme to achieve inter-cell interference coordination and performance enhancement for the shared relay network in LTE-Advanced systems. In the scheme, the allocation process is implemented by two steps. The global frequency planning strategies are first employed to realize the interference coordination in the multi-cell environment. Then dedicated local scheduling algorithms are applied to provide further performance enhancement for cell-edge users. As shown in the simulation results, our proposed scheme can achieve the significant performance improvement for cell-edge users while maintaining the high performance for cell-center users, and thus obtain the better performance balance in the system.
DICTIONARY OF THE ECONOMIC PRODUCTS OF INDIA pages 462 to 534 (2014)

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Synthesis of Fully Substituted Dispirocyclohexanes by Organocatalytic [2 + 2 + 2] Annulation Strategy between 2-Arylideneindane-1,3-diones and Aldehydes (2013)

An interesting organocatalytic reaction between 2-arylideneindane-1,3-diones and aldehydes has been developed that gives fully substituted cyclohexanes that bear two all-carbon quaternary centers. The dispirocyclohexanes were obtained in reasonable-to-good chemical yields and with high stereoselectivities (>95:5 d.r. and up to 99% ee) using a catalytic amount of commercially available α,α-l-diphenylprolinol trimethylsilyl ether (5 mol %) and DABCO (20 mol %) in DMF at -20 °C. The reaction proceeds through a unique Michael/Michael/aldol reaction that requires 2 equiv of the 2-arylideneindane-1,3-dione.
Sample-based Weighted Prediction with Directional Template Matching for HEVC lossless coding (2013)

The recently introduced High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standard is currently further investigated for potential use in professional applications. The considered Range Extensions should on the one hand introduce higher bit depths and additional color formats, and on the other hand the coding efficiency of HEVC for high fidelity compression as well as lossless compression is to be improved. In this paper we investigate and improve the recently introduced Sample-based Weighted Prediction (SWP) for HEVC lossless coding. Although being very efficient for natural video content, the SWP algorithm can be further improved for screen content by using a directional template predictor in cases where the SWP algorithm yields worse prediction. The mainly introduced predictor improves the lossless coding results by up to 9.9% compared to the unmodified HEVC reference software for lossless compression.
Experimental Validation of Linear Stability Analysis in a Premixed Combustor by Actively Tuning Its Acoustic Boundary Conditions (2009)

Linear stability analysis by means of low-order network models is widely spread in industry and academia to predict the thermoacoustic characteristics of combustion systems. Even though a vast amount of publications on this topic exists, much less is reported on the predictive capabilities of such stability analyses with respect to real system behaviour. In this sense, little effort has been made on investigating if predicted critical parameter values, for which the combustion system switches from stability to instability, agree with experimental observations. Here, this lack of a comprehensive experimental validation is addressed by using a model-based control scheme. This scheme is able to actively manipulate the acoustic field of a combustion test rig by imposing quasi arbitrary reflection coefficients. It is employed to continuously vary the downstream reflection coefficient of an atmospheric swirl-stabilized combustion test rig from fully reflecting to anechoic. By doing so, the transient behaviour of the system can be studied. In addition to that, an extension of the common procedure, where the stability of an operating point is classified solely based on the presence of high amplitude pressure pulsations and their frequency, is given. Generally, the predicted growth rates are only compared to measurements with respect to their sign, which obviously lacks a quantitative component. In contrast to that, in this paper, validation of linear stability analysis is conducted by comparing calculated and experimentally determined linear growth rates of unstable modes. Besides this, experimental results and model predictions are also compared in terms of frequency of the least stable mode. Excellent agreement between computations from the model and experiments is found. The concept is also used for active control of combustion instabilities. By tuning the downstream reflectivity of the combustion test rig, thermoacoustic instabilities can be suppressed. the underlying mechanism is an increase of the acoustic energy losses across the system boundary.
Grid spectral purity filters for suppression of infrared radiation in laser-produced plasma EUV sources (2009)

We have developed a grid-type spectral purity filter (SPF) for suppression of infrared radiation in laser-produced plasma (LPP) EUV sources for high-volume EUV lithography. The SPF is a silicon grid with sub-wavelength periodicity that is metalized to make it reflective for infrared radiation. EUV radiation is transmitted geometrically through the open area of the grid. The first prototype samples show an in-band EUV transmittance of 74% at normal incidence. Infrared spectrometry exhibits a clear cut-off behavior as expected, with a transmittance of &lt;0.1% at a wavelength of 10.6 µm. In a first power-load test, a grid was exposed to a CO<sub>2</sub> laser at 100 W/cm<sup>2</sup> in vacuum for 8 hours. Another grid was kept at 800 °C in a vacuum oven for 24 hours. Both grids remained structurally intact and maintained an infrared transmittance of &lt;0.1%.
Small Molecule Antagonists of NAADP-Induced Ca2+ Release in T-Lymphocytes Suggest Potential Therapeutic Agents for Autoimmune Disease (2018)

Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) is the most potent Ca<sup>2+</sup>-releasing second messenger known to date, but the precise NAADP/Ca<sup>2+</sup> signalling mechanisms are still controversial. We report the synthesis of small-molecule inhibitors of NAADP-induced Ca<sup>2+</sup> release based upon the nicotinic acid motif. Alkylation of nicotinic acid with a series of bromoacetamides generated a diverse compound library. However, many members were only weakly active or had poor physicochemical properties. Structural optimisation produced the best inhibitors that interact specifically with the NAADP/Ca<sup>2+</sup> release mechanism, having no effect on Ca<sup>2+</sup> mobilized by the other well-known second messengers D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate [Ins(1,4,5)P<sub>3</sub>] or cyclic adenosine 5'-diphospho-ribose (cADPR). Lead compound (2) was an efficient antagonist of NAADP-evoked Ca<sup>2+</sup> release in vitro in intact T lymphocytes and ameliorated clinical disease in vivo in a rat experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of multiple sclerosis. Compound (3) (also known as BZ194) was synthesized as its bromide salt, confirmed by crystallography, and was more membrane permeant than 2. The corresponding zwitterion (3a), was also prepared and studied by crystallography, but 3 had more desirable physicochemical properties. 3 Is potent in vitro and in vivo and has found widespread use as a tool to modulate NAADP effects in autoimmunity and cardiovascular applications. Taken together, data suggest that the NAADP/Ca<sup>2+</sup> signalling mechanism may serve as a potential target for T cell- or cardiomyocyte-related diseases such as multiple sclerosis or arrhythmia. Further modification of these lead compounds may potentially result in drug candidates of clinical use.
Evidence Suggesting That the Keratinized Portions of the Upper and Lower Lid Margins Do Not Make Complete Contact During Deliberate Blinking (2012)

Counterintuitively, the keratinized portions of the upper and lower eyelid margins frequently do not make full contact during what appears to be complete blinking.
ChemInform Abstract: “Giese‐Type” Radical Addition Reactions to an Acceptor that Functions by a Unimolecular Chain Transfer Reaction of a Silicon Hydride. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.