gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immunohistochemical Identification of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Pig Latissimus Dorsi Musculocutaneous Flaps Following Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury (2004)

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), a potent angiogenic, mitogenic and vascular permeability enhancing protein, appears to improve survival of ischemic flaps independent of its route of administration. The purpose of this study was to examine VEGF protein expression in biopsies of surgical flaps with immunohistochemical techniques. In 6 male Yorkshire-type pigs, 10 cm x 15 cm Latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flaps were elevated bilaterally. Flap zones I, II, and III were established according to their distance from the vascular pedicle. After isolation of the thoracodorsal artery and vein, one flap was randomly assigned to ischemia by temporary occlusion of the vascular pedicle. Ischemia (4 hours) was followed by 2 hours of reperfusion (ischemia group, n = 6). The contralateral (nonischemic) flap served as a control (control group, n =6). Skin and muscle biopsies of flaps were taken at the end of the protocol for immunohistochemical staining using a VEGF antihuman monoclonal antibody. Epidermis of flap skin did not demonstrate VEGF-positive staining, but the dermis and subcutaneous tissue did. Muscle components of biopsies demonstrated staining of interfascicular septa and staining of myocytes. A semi-quantitative scoring system with a scale of 0 to 3 was used for grading of immunohistochemical staining. In skin, areas adjacent to the flap showed an overall mean VEGF staining score of 0.7. All zones of ischemic flaps showed increased mean immunohistochemical staining for VEGF (scores = 1.2, 1.6, and 1.4 in zones I, II, and III, respectively). In muscle, however, only zone I showed increased VEGF immunohistochemical staining from 0.7 in adjacent areas to 1.7 in ischemic flaps. The results indicate only moderate endogenous up-regulation of VEGF in flaps, supporting the utilization of exogenous VEGF as an adjunct in microsurgical therapy.
The Vascular Biology of Atherosclerosis and Imaging Targets (2010)

The growing worldwide health challenge of atherosclerosis, together with advances in imaging technologies, have stimulated considerable interest in novel approaches to gauging this disease. The last several decades have witnessed a burgeoning in understanding of the molecular pathways involved in atherogenesis, lesion progression, and the mechanisms underlying the complications of human atherosclerotic plaques. The imaging of atherosclerosis is reaching beyond anatomy to encompass assessment of aspects of plaque biology related to the pathogenesis and complication of the disease. The harnessing of these biologic insights promises to provide a plethora of new targets for molecular imaging of atherosclerosis. The goals for the years to come must include translation of the experimental work to visualization of these appealing biologic targets in humans.
Automated classification of EEG signals for predicting students' cognitive state during learning (2017)

For distance learning applications, inferring the cognitive states of students, particularly, their concentration and comprehension levels during instruction, is important to assess their learning efficacy. In this paper, we investigated the feasibility of using EEG recordings generated from an off-the-shelf, wearable device to automatically classify the cognitive states of students as they were asked to perform a series of reading and question answering tasks. We showed that the EEG data can effectively predict whether a student is attentive or distracted as well as the student's reading speed, which is an important measure of reading fluency. However, the EEG signals alone are insufficient to predict how well the students can correctly answer questions related to the reading materials as there were other confounding factors, such as the students' background knowledge, that must be taken into consideration. We also showed that the accuracy in predicting the different cognitive states depends on the choice of classifier used (global, local, or multi-task learning). For example, the concentration level of a student can be accurately predicted using a local model whereas a global model that incorporates side information about the student's background knowledge is more effective at predicting whether the student will correctly answer questions about the materials they read.
Switching field distribution and transition width in energy assisted magnetic recording (2010)

In order to achieve higher areal density, magnetization transition width must be reduced. This requires small media switching field distribution (SFD). Here we explore SFD and transition width in heat assisted magnetic recording and microwave assisted magnetic recording. We reveal that for energy assisted magnetic recording, additional SFD broadening exists as compare to conventional perpendicular recording. We show the effect of SFD broadening on transition width and the implications to the magnetic recording system as the areal density increases.
Metabolic and co-expression network-based analyses associated with nitrate response in rice (2014)

The co-expression network analysis and metabolic profiling performed in rice pinpoint the relevance of signal transduction components and regulation of N mobilization in response to limiting N conditions and deepen our understanding of N responses and N use in crops.
Distributed Cooperative Communications in Wireless Networks (2004)

The primary challenge in wireless networks, unlike wireline networks, is the existence of interference and channel variations (fading). Having more users at higher data rates means that current point-to-point networks will not scale. To engineer a scalable network, a new paradigm is needed to exploit different network characteristics. We show that cooperation between users in the network can effectively exchange possible interferences from other users in favor of useful information.\nIn this thesis, we explore the problem of source and channel coding over wireless networks, ranging from information theoretical analysis to code design and practical implementation issues. We show that significant gains in throughput can be achieved through network coding. Despite the importance of the problem and the work done in this area, little is known about network coding and the optimal relaying function at the intermediate nodes. A notable example is the communication over the relay channel, the simplest form of a network, that has been an outstanding question in the last three decades.\nWe propose new approaches to network coding that improve upon the best known coding schemes by many dB. Specifically, we develop two main coding techniques, one for the multi-state relay channel and the other for the multiple access channel with generalized feedback (MAC-GF). These coding techniques enable us to achieve higher rates than those previously known for the relay and MAC-GF channels. The first technique provides some capacity results for both half-duplex and the original relay channel. The new capacity results for the relay channel are the only known results besides Cover's in 1979 and El Gamal's in 1982. The second coding technique improves the best known achievable rate for the MAC-GF by Willems in 1983. This results also provides a new achievable rate for the Gaussian relay channel which improves over all other known schemes for some channel conditions.\nWe also present a practical code design technique for the relay channel. The design gains more then 4dB over direct transmission and close the gap to the relay channel Shannon limit to less than 1dB with a code length of only 2 x 104 bits.
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in sepsis-induced hepatic microvascular dysfunction (2012)

These findings suggest that iNOS-derived NO is a determinant of the pro-inflammatory phenotype assumed by the hepatic microvasculature during sepsis.
Small cell lung cancers made from scratch (2019)

In this issue of <i>JEM</i>, Chen et al. (https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20181155) describe a new approach for the transformation of human pluripotent embryonic stem cells (hESCs) into neuroendocrine (NE) tumors of the lung closely resembling human small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Another recent study uses a different method to transform fully differentiated normal human cells into high-grade NE tumors (Park et al. 2018. <i>Science</i> https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aat5749). These approaches and their models provide important new resources for developing diagnostic, preventative, and therapeutic approaches for high-grade NE tumors.
Asymmetric Reduction of 4-Oxoisophorone Using Immobilized Thermophilic Bacteria Under Conditions of Controlled Cell Growth (1988)

Asymmetric reduction of 2,6,6,-trimethyl-2-cyclohexene-l,4-dione (4-oxoisophrone) to (6R)-2,2,6-trimethyl-1,4-cyclohexane-dione((3R)-dihydro-4-oxoisophorone) was catalysed by immobilized thermophilic bacteria, Thermomonospora curvata JTS 321. Because of leakage of entrapped cells from gel beads during reactions using culture medium, we optimized the medium to allow the microbial conversion under conditions of controlled cell growth. Of the media screened, liver infusion medium was found to be the most suitable and microbial conversion was achieved without cell leakage from the immobilized gels. Immobilized T. curvata cells were repeatedly used for the asymmetric reduction of 4-oxoisophorone, more than 15 times, with an extent of conversion of 50%.
Search for $$W' \rightarrow tb \rightarrow qqbb$$ W ′ → t b → q q b b decays in $$pp$$ p p collisions at $$\sqrt{s}$$ s = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector (2015)

A search for a massive [Formula: see text] gauge boson decaying to a top quark and a bottom quark is performed with the ATLAS detector in [Formula: see text] collisions at the LHC. The dataset was taken at a centre-of-mass energy of [Formula: see text] and corresponds to [Formula: see text] of integrated luminosity. This analysis is done in the hadronic decay mode of the top quark, where novel jet substructure techniques are used to identify jets from high-momentum top quarks. This allows for a search for high-mass [Formula: see text] bosons in the range 1.5-3.0 [Formula: see text]. [Formula: see text]-tagging is used to identify jets originating from [Formula: see text]-quarks. The data are consistent with Standard Model background-only expectations, and upper limits at 95 % confidence level are set on the [Formula: see text] cross section times branching ratio ranging from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] for left-handed [Formula: see text] bosons, and ranging from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text] bosons with purely right-handed couplings. Upper limits at 95 % confidence level are set on the [Formula: see text]-boson coupling to [Formula: see text] as a function of the [Formula: see text] mass using an effective field theory approach, which is independent of details of particular models predicting a [Formula: see text] boson.
The RNA Chaperone Hfq Is Involved in Stress Response and Virulence in Neisseria meningitidis and Is a Pleiotropic Regulator of Protein Expression (2009)

The well-conserved protein Hfq has emerged as the key modulator of riboregulation in bacteria. This protein is thought to function as an RNA chaperone and to facilitate base pairing between small regulatory RNA (sRNA) and mRNA targets, and many sRNAs are dependent on the Hfq protein for their regulatory functions. To address the possible role of Hfq in riboregulated circuits in Neisseria meningitidis, we generated an Hfq mutant of the MC58 strain, and the knockout mutant has pleiotropic phenotypes; it has a general growth phenotype in vitro in culture media, and it is sensitive to a wide range of stresses, including those that it may encounter in the host. Furthermore, the expression profile of a vast number of proteins is clearly altered in the mutant, and we have identified 27 proteins by proteomics. All of the phenotypes tested to date are also restored by complementation of Hfq expression in the mutant strain. Importantly, in ex vivo and in vivo models of infection the Hfq mutant is attenuated. These data indicate that Hfq plays a key role in stress response and virulence, and we propose a major role for Hfq in regulation of gene expression. Moreover, this study suggests that in meningococcus there is a large Hfq-mediated sRNA network which so far is largely unexplored.
Detection and localization of radiotherapy targets by template matching (2012)

Radio opaque fiducials are implanted in tumors for the purpose of tracking the target motion using X-ray projections during radiation therapy dose delivery. In this paper we describe and evaluate a novel method based on template matching for detection and localization of arbitrary shaped fiducials. Segmentation methods are not adequate for these fiducials because their appearance in online X-ray projections can vary greatly as a function of imaging angle. The algorithm is based on using the planning CT image to generate templates that correspond to the imaging angles of the online images. We demonstrate successful tracking of complex shape fiducials in clinical images of lung and abdomen. We also validate the algorithm by comparing the results with a segmentation approach for one case in which the fiducials could be tracked by both methods. We also show how by adaptive thresholding of the match scores, we can control the false detection rate.
The Effective Thermal Conductivity of High Porosity Fibrous Metal Foams (1999)

Technical Briefs The Effective Thermal Conductivity of High Porosity Fibrous Metal Foams V. V. Calmidi, V. V. Calmidi IBM Microelectronics, Endicott, NY 13760 e-mail: vara@us.ibm.com Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar R. L. Mahajan R. L. Mahajan Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309-0427 e-mail: mahajan@colorado.edu Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Author and Article Information V. V. Calmidi IBM Microelectronics, Endicott, NY 13760 e-mail: vara@us.ibm.com R. L. Mahajan Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309-0427 e-mail: mahajan@colorado.edu J. Heat Transfer. May 1999, 121(2): 466-471 (6 pages) https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2826001 Published Online: May 1, 1999 Article history Received: July 17, 1997 Revised: November 3, 1998 Online: December 5, 2007
Graphene Oxide as a Collagen Modifier of Amniotic Membrane and Burnt Skin (2021)

Modification of burn-damaged epidermis and pathological amnion by means of GO results in stabilization and regeneration of tissue at the level of molecular (FTIR, FTR) and supramolecular (SAXS) interactions.
Acoustic cavitation—an efficient energetic tool to synthesize nanosized CuO–ZrO2catalysts with a mesoporous distribution (2005)

A CuO–ZrO2 catalyst of nanometer size was prepared using a simple precipitation technique, assisted by cavitation, and induced by an environmentally friendly ultrasonic technique. BET surface areas of 349.2 m2 g−1 for the as-prepared catalyst and 72.4 m2 g−1 for the catalyst calcined in air at 500 °C were obtained when the precursors were subjected to 70% ultrasonic intensity for 4 h. On the other hand, by following a conventional precipitation method using similar precursors, a surface area of 72 m2 g−1 was obtained when the precursors were heated to only 80 °C for 20 h. More importantly, only the application of ultrasound lead to the formation of a mesoporous structure. To confirm the ultrasonic cavitational effect in this process, the affect of the ultrasonic intensity in increasing the surface area, as well as in generating the mesopores, was also investigated. Furthermore, from studies of the catalytic activity for decomposing N2O, it has been observed that the catalyst obtained with 70% ultrasonic intensity clearly exhibits an increased activity compared to the catalyst prepared using 20% ultrasonic intensity. These results clearly indicate that ultrasound-induced cavitation is a new and rapid method for the preparation of supported catalysts. The products were characterized by nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms, TGA, XRD, TEM, EDAX, XPS and XRF measurements.
Ziritaxestat, a Novel Autotaxin Inhibitor, and Lung Function in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (2023)

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifiers: NCT03711162 and NCT03733444.
Transport Properties of N-Methyloated Nylon-6: Chitosan Blend Membranes (2006)

A series of N-Methylolated Nylon-6 chitosan blend membranes was evaluated for their potential use as breathable (high water transport) barriers (low chemical agent transport) for military and civilian protective clothing apparel. Nylon-6 was methylolated and subsequently blended with chitosan at different compositions and processing conditions (room temperature, 100 C, and 200 C). Vapor transport rates of water (breathability) and dimethyl methylphosphonate (protection) (a simulant of the nerve agent Sarin) were measured as a function of these blend parameters with the use of a modified ASTM (American Society for Testing Materials) method E-96-95 and were compared to Nafion 117. Water transport rate was found to be between 1,000 and 2,000 g/m2day, depending on specific composition of the membranes and thermal treatment. The effective dimethylmethylphosphonate permeability (a thickness independent value) of the blend membranes was two orders of magnitude lower than Nafion 117. The selectivity of N-Methylolated Nylon-6 chitosan blend was 15.3, seven times higher than Nafion 117. It was shown that these membranes, manufactured when hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymers were conjoined, have resulted in a material that is both breathable and protective. These semi-permeable membranes will be economically attractive for military and civilian applications in the area of personal protection since the polymer components are inexpensive and the membrane fabrication is simple.
Latent image formation in chemically amplified extreme ultraviolet resists with low activation energy for deprotection reaction (2008)

The trade-off relationships between resolution, sensitivity, and line edge roughness have become a serious problem in device manufacturing as the minimum feature size is reduced. To solve this problem, the improvement of pattern formation efficiency is necessary. The efficiency of pattern formation is mainly determined by the efficiencies of incident radiation absorption, acid generation, and deprotection. The deprotection efficiency is the number of times an acid can induce catalytic reactions during the diffusion of a unit distance. The highest expected deprotection efficiency is achieved by a diffusion-controlled reaction. In this study, the authors investigated the feasibility of low-Ea resists for 22nm fabrication. It was found that their efficiency is inadequate for 22nm fine patterning even when a diffusion-controlled rate is assumed. For 22nm fabrication with 5–10mJcm−2 exposure dose, increases in acid generation efficiency and polymer absorption are essential.
Usual Interstitial Pneumonitis Responsive to Corticosteroids Following Varicella Pneumonia (1998)

Varicella pneumonia usually resolves after treatment, and occasionally miliary calcification develops on the roentgenogram of the chest years afterward. A case of varicella pneumonia is presented that followed a previously unreported course. In this case, usual interstitial pneumonitis (UIP) developed. The pneumonitis responded well clinically and radiographically to corticosteroid treatment. The role of viral pneumonia in the cause of UIP is discussed.
Measurement of Dead Space During Anesthesia (2011)

To the Editor Badal et al.1 were neither precise nor consistent in the terminology and abbreviations used as part of the article describing measurements of dead space during anesthesia. They state that Bohr's equation was used to calculate alveolar dead space when, in fact, Enghoff's modification of Bohr's original equation (VD/VT = PaCO2 − PECO2/PaCO2) measuring physiologic dead space (which contains alveolar dead space and airway-anatomic dead space) was used.2 Because such imprecise terminology (apparatus, anatomic, pulmonary, alveolar, physiologic) and abbreviations (VDS/VT, VDC, VDc, VD) appear throughout the text, figures, and table, it is difficult to judge the results unless one is very familiar with the subject. A second point concerns study design and results. Referencing their previous work,3 the authors acknowledge the inherent limitations of their methods providing “an accurate approximation” of mixed expired PCO2. Therefore, a randomized study with a larger, more uniform population combined with measurement of true alveolar dead space using standard mainstream volumetric capnography would provide more insights into the real clinical value of the proposed method. Third, the method is presented as simple and inexpensive. However, it requires an additional capnograph as well as significant modification of the anesthesia circuit with the potential of leakage at the entrance of the sample line into the ventilator bellows. Yves P. S. Moens, DVM Division of Anaesthesiology and perioperative Intensive Care University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria [email protected] Gerardo Tusman, MD Department of Anaesthesiology Hospital Privado de Comunidad Mar del Plata, Argentina Martina Mosing, DVM Section of Anaesthesiology Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zürich Zürich, Switzerland Stephan Böhm, MD CSEM Centre Suisse d'Electronique et de Microtechnique SA Research Centre for Nanomedicine Landquart, Switzerland
INFLUENCE DE LA DIFFUSION MULTIPLE DANS LE CONTRÔLE ULTRASONORE DES ACIERS AUSTÉNITIQUES À GROS GRAINS (1992)

Pour améliorer la réduction de bruit acoustique dans les aciers austénitiques à gros grains, nous avons soigneusement étudié les propriétés statistiques et spectrales des champs ultrasonores rétrodiffusés et transmis. Ces propriétés sont très différentes de celles observées dans l'étude des milieux biologiques : la fonction de corrélation spatiale du champ de pression diffusé (mesurée à l'aide d'une barrette multi-éléments) est très étroite et la fréquence centrale du bruit diffusé augmente avec le temps. Ces résultats ne peuvent pas être expliqués par un processus de diffusion simple sur les grains austénitiques : leur explication nécessite un processus de diffusion multiple.
Effects of spreading bandwidth on the performance of UWB RAKE receivers (2004)

We consider an ultra-wide bandwidth system using reduced-complexity RAKE receivers, which are based on either selective (called SRake) or partial (called PRake) combining of a subset of the available resolved multipath components. We investigate the influence of the spreading bandwidth on the system performance using the two considered types of RAKE receivers. We show that, for a fix number of RAKE fingers and a fix transmit power, there is an optimum bandwidth. This optimal bandwidth increases with the number of RAKE fingers, and is higher for an SRake than for a Prake. We also investigate the effects of the fading statistics (Rayleigh or Nakagami) on the optimal spreading bandwidth. We find that the optimal spreading bandwidth is approximately the same for both types of fading, but that the actual performance of an SRake can be better or worse in Rayleigh fading (compared to Nakagami), depending on the spreading bandwidth and the number of fingers.