gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Combined Effect of Bumetanide and Metolazone in Normal Volunteers (1985)

Bumetanide 1 to 2 mg or metolazone 2.5 mg were administered by mouth separately and then in combination to eight normal men and women in order to determine whether a sequential blockade of sodium reabsorption with diuretic agents that act at different sites within the nephron leads to a supra-additive diuretic effect. All three treatment regimens resulted in a significant weight loss and increased urine volume and the excretion of sodium, potassium, and chloride. A prolonged diuretic effect lasting up to 48 hours after administration occurred with metolazone alone. Although absolute and fractional chloride and potassium excretion and urine volume were higher after combined therapy (P less than .05 or better) than after either drug alone, absolute sodium excretion after combination therapy was higher than excretion after bumetanide (P less than .05) but not after metolazone. The percent of fractional sodium excretion after both drugs was greater than after either drug alone (P less than .05). However, excretion of chloride, sodium, potassium, and fluid on the combined therapy day was less than the sum of excretion on each single drug therapy day. Thus, the combination of bumetanide and metolazone did not have a supra-additive effect in normal subjects.
A wireless ZigBee-based torque sensor for an underwater power generator (2007)

A prototype of a wireless ZigBee-based torque sensor for underwater power generator was built and installed. The torque measurement is implemented using strain gages. A measuring unit and strain gages are rotating with the rotor and sending measurements over wireless ZigBee link to the receiver unit located at the stator. The measurements are sent over RS485 to a computer. In this article, design challenges and solutions are discussed, focusing on wireless data transmission.
Spectroscopic Studies of Charge-Transfer Character and Photoresponses of F₄TCNQ-Based Donor–Acceptor Complexes (2020)

F₄TCNQ (2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane) is used widely as a hole-doping agent in photoresponsive organic semiconducting materials, yet relatively little is known about the photoresponses of the F₄TCNQ·– anion generated via doping. Furthermore, there is still relatively little systematic exploration of how the properties of the local material or chemical environment impacts the driving force for generating these charge-transfer complexes. Here we present spectroscopic and photophysical studies of F₄TCNQ in charge-transfer complexes (CTCs) with the electron donor N,N′-diphenyl-N-N′-di-p-tolylbenzene-1,4-diamine (MPDA) both in dichloroethane solution and polystyrene matrices. Integer charge transfer (ICT) between donor and acceptor occurs readily in dichloroethane solvent to form F₄TCNQ·–:MPDA⁺ CTCs, due to a ∼150 mV difference in MPDA⁺/MPDA and F₄TCNQ/F₄TCNQ·– reduction potentials. Ultrafast spectroscopic studies of the CTC as well as electrochemically generated F₄TCNQ·– and MDPA⁺ reveal that the photoresponses of these CTCs are dominated by that of the dopant anion, including rapid deactivation (800 fs) after excitation to the anion D₁ excited state, followed by slower (∼10 ps) vibrational cooling in the anion D₀ state. Excitation to the higher-lying D₂ state results in a rapid relaxation to the D₁ state, in contrast to direct D₂ → D₀ relaxation previously observed for F₄TCNQ·– in the gas phase. CTCs embedded in polystyrene (PS) matrices are observed to lose their integer charge-transfer character upon evaporation of solvent, as evidenced by changes to electronic and vibrational absorption features associated with F₄TCNQ·–. This change is attributed to the loss of solvent stabilization of the ion pair formed through the charge-transfer reaction. Ultrafast spectral measurements reveal that the photoresponses of the partial charge-transfer (PCT) species embedded in PS are still highly similar to those of the ICT species and unlike that of neutral F₄TCNQ, implying the electronic properties of the PCT state are likewise dominated by properties of the reduced acceptor molecule. We conclude that excitation of ICT or PCT states introduces optical losses for photoresponses of doped organic semiconductor materials due to the large anion absorption cross section and its rapid, dissipative deactivation dynamics.
Duplicate FLORICAULA/LEAFY homologs zfl1 and zfl2 control inflorescence architecture and flower patterning in maize (2003)

The homologous transcription factors FLORICAULA of Antirrhinum and LEAFY of Arabidopsis share conserved roles in flower meristem identity and floral patterning. While roles for FLORICAULA/LEAFY homologs in flower development have been demonstrated in numerous dicots, little is known about the function of these meristem identity genes in the more distantly related flowering plants, the monocots. We used reverse genetics to investigate the role of two duplicate FLORICAULA/LEAFY homologs in maize (Zea mays L. ssp. mays) - a monocot species with dramatically different flower and inflorescence morphology from that of dicot species. Transposon insertions into the maize genes, zfl1 and zfl2, led to a disruption of floral organ identity and patterning, as well as to defects in inflorescence architecture and in the vegetative to reproductive phase transition. Our results demonstrate that these genes share conserved roles with their dicot counterparts in flower and inflorescence patterning. The phenotype of zfl1; zfl2 double mutants suggests that these maize FLORICAULA/LEAFY homologs act as upstream regulators of the ABC floral organ identity genes, and this along with previously published work, indicates that the transcriptional network regulating flower development is at least partially conserved between monocots and dicots. Our data also suggest that the zfl genes may play a novel role in controlling quantitative aspects of inflorescence phyllotaxy in maize, consistent with their candidacy for quantitative trait loci that control differences in inflorescence structure between maize and its progenitor, teosinte.
Designed Peptide Inhibitors of STEP Phosphatase–GluA2 AMPA Receptor Interaction Enhance the Cognitive Performance in Rats (2021)

Cognitive impairment and learning ability of the brain are directly linked to synaptic plasticity as measured in changes of long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) in animal models of brain diseases. LTD reflects a sustained reduction of the synaptic AMPA receptor content based on targeted clathrin-mediated endocytosis. AMPA receptor endocytosis is initiated by dephosphorylation of Tyr<sup>876</sup> on the C-terminus of the AMPAR subunit GluA2. The brain-specific striatal-enriched protein tyrosine phosphatase (STEP) is responsible for this process. To identify new, highly effective inhibitors of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) internalization, we performed structure-based design of peptides able to inhibit STEP-GluA2-CT complex formation. Two short peptide derivatives were found as efficient <i>in vitro</i> inhibitors. Our <i>in vivo</i> experiments evidenced that both peptides restore the memory deficits and display anxiolytic and antidepressant effects in a scopolamine-treated rat model. The interference peptides identified and characterized here represent promising lead compounds for novel cognitive enhancers and/or behavioral modulators.
Simulation methodology for an off-grid solar–battery–water electrolyzer plant: Simultaneous optimization of component capacities and system control (2021)

The capacity of each component in an off-grid water electrolyzer hydrogen production plant integrated with solar photovoltaics and a battery energy storage system represents a significant factor affecting the viability and reliability of the system. This paper describes a novel method that optimizes simultaneously the component capacities and finite-state machine based control of the system to minimize the cost of green hydrogen production. The components and control in the system are referenced to a proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer stack with a fixed nominal power of 4.5 kW. The end results are thus scalable by changing the nominal power of the electrolyzer. Simulations are carried out based on data collected from a residential solar photovoltaic installation with 300 s time resolution. Optimization of the system is performed with particle swarm optimization algorithm. A sensitivity analysis performed over the prices of the different components reveals that the price of the water electrolyzer has the greatest impact on the green hydrogen production cost. It is found that the price of the battery has to be below 0.3 €/Wh to become a feasible solution as overnight energy storage.
High-level recombinant protein expression in transgenic plants by using a double-inducible viral vector (2011)

We describe here a unique ethanol-inducible process for expression of recombinant proteins in transgenic plants. The process is based on inducible release of viral RNA replicons from stably integrated DNA proreplicons. A simple treatment with ethanol releases the replicon leading to RNA amplification and high-level protein production. To achieve tight control of replicon activation and spread in the uninduced state, the viral vector has been deconstructed, and its two components, the replicon and the cell-to-cell movement protein, have each been placed separately under the control of an inducible promoter. Transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana plants incorporating this double-inducible system demonstrate negligible background expression, high (over 0.5 × 10(4)-fold) induction multiples, and high absolute levels of protein expression upon induction (up to 4.3 mg/g fresh biomass). The process can be easily scaled up, supports expression of practically important recombinant proteins, and thus can be directly used for industrial manufacturing.
Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A Is Involved in Matrix Mineralization of Human Adult Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Angiogenesis in the Chick Chorioallontoic Membrane (2005)

Pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) is an IGF binding protein 4 protease that can function to increase local IGF-I bioavailability. Aside from its assumed role during pregnancy, in vitro and in vivo studies have indicated roles for PAPP-A in IGF-I-mediated wound healing, vascular repair, and bone formation. Because bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) is known to up-regulate Igf-I gene expression, we hypothesized that PAPP-A may be involved in BMP-2 mechanisms in bone formation. To test this hypothesis, we quantified gene expression of Papp-A in response to BMP-2 treatment and runt-related transcription factor 2, Osterix, and Igf-I in response to PAPP-A protein treatment in human adult mesenchymal stem cells. Our results demonstrate that BMP-2 directly up-regulated Papp-A gene and protein expression. Purified PAPP-A protein directly up-regulated runt-related transcription factor 2 and Igf-I gene expression but not Osterix. When added in combination with recombinant human BMP-2, PAPP-A increased matrix mineralization in the absence of dexamethasone. PAPP-A further demonstrated an angiogenic effect in the chick chorioallontoic membrane, which implicates a critical developmental role and possible therapeutic potential. Our findings suggest that PAPP-A functions in the formation of mineralized tissues through direct up-regulation of key genes. Furthermore, PAPP-A is involved in the formation of new blood vessels, which is essential for proper bone regeneration.
Thermal performance and economic assessment of masonry bricks (2009)

The objective of this study was to assess the thermal performance and economic assessment of different types of clay and concrete masonry brick wall samples used in building construction. In this study, eighteen types of clay bricks and two types of concrete bricks were analyzed for thermal performance. The bricks were classified and grouped based on the brick configuration, material, and size. The analysis of the results shows that the equivalent thermal conductivity does not depend only on the brick material and configuration but also on the brick thickness. The bricks having same configuration and size, the equivalent thermal conductivity variation is large depending on the type of material used, especially for concrete brick. In general, the brick with lesser thickness has lower conductivity as compared to those having higher thickness. However, the effect of brick length on equivalent thermal conductivity is insignificant. The economic analysis showed that the insulated clay brick type 16 is the most economical brick among the types of brick studied. Moreover, it is worthwhile to note that the net present value of normal concrete brick (type 19) is reduced by about 45% by making the concrete brick lightweight (type 20).
Abstract 2351: CDK4/FLT3 dual inhibitors as potential therapeutics for acute myeloid leukemia. (2013)

Abstract CDK4 is a cyclin D dependent kinase that promotes cell cycle progression in a broad range of tumor types by phosphorylating the tumor suppressor retinoblastoma protein (Rb) and releasing transcription factor E2F. Critical involvement of the cyclin D-CDK4-Rb pathway in carcinogenesis is strongly supported by a large amount of genetic evidence. In addition, promoter methylation with consequent silencing of expression of the CDK4 inhibitor, p15, has been reported in 44-60% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. It is also well established that constitutive activation of the tyrosine kinase FLT3 via mutation contributes to the development of AML, with 30% of AML carrying such activating mutations. FLT3 tyrosine kinase inhibitors used as single agents reduce peripheral blood and bone marrow blasts in only a minority of AML patients, and the effect tends to be transient. This may be due to insufficient FLT3 inhibition, the selection of drug-resistant clones, or the independence of the cell on FLT3 signaling for proliferation and survival. In preclinical models, a synergistic effect of CDK4 inhibition and FLT3 inhibition resulting in increased apoptosis of AML cell lines was reported (Wang et al., Blood, 2007). From a HTS hit through SAR optimization led to AM-5992, a potent and orally bioavailable dual inhibitor of CDK4 and FLT3 including all FLT3 mutants reported to date. AM-5992 inhibits the proliferation of a panel of human tumor cell lines including MDA-MB-435(Rb+), colo-205(Rb+), U937(FLT3WT) and induced cell death in MOLM13(FLT3ITD), MV4-11(FLT3ITD), and even in MOLM13(FLT3ITD, D835Y) which exhibits resistance to a number of FLT3 inhibitors currently under clinical development. In mouse models of leukemia using cells with the FLT3ITD mutation, AM-5992 treatment at 150 mpk qd on days 6-16 after leukemia cell injection significantly reduced the leukemia burden and prolonged survival 11 days over that of vehicle controls. Collectively, these data support the hypothesis that simultaneously inhibition of CDK4 and FLT3 may improve the durability of clinical response in AML; and consequently that this hypothesis should be tested in the clinic. Citation Format: Zhihong Li, Kang Dai, Kathleen Keegan, Ji Ma, Mark Ragains, Jacob Kaizerman, Dustin McMinn, Jiasheng Fu, Benjamin Fisher, Michael Gribble, Lawrence R. McGee, John Eksterowicz, Cong Li, Lingming Liang, Margaret Weidner, Justin Huard, Robert Cho, Timothy Carlson, Grace M. Alba, David Hollenback, John Hill, Darrin Beaupre, Alexander Kamb, Dineli Wickramasinghe, Julio C. Medina. CDK4/FLT3 dual inhibitors as potential therapeutics for acute myeloid leukemia. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2351. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2351
Semantic Communications in Networked Systems. (2021)

We present our vision for a departure from the established way of architecting and assessing communication networks, by incorporating the semantics of information for communications and control in networked systems. We define semantics of information, not as the meaning of the messages, but as their significance, possibly within a real time constraint, relative to the purpose of the data exchange. We argue that research efforts must focus on laying the theoretical foundations of a redesign of the entire process of information generation, transmission and usage in unison by developing: advanced semantic metrics for communications and control systems; an optimal sampling theory combining signal sparsity and semantics, for real-time prediction, reconstruction and control under communication constraints and delays; semantic compressed sensing techniques for decision making and inference directly in the compressed domain; semantic-aware data generation, channel coding, feedback, multiple and random access schemes that reduce the volume of data and the energy consumption, increasing the number of supportable devices.
Bacterial Reduction in Periodontal Pockets Through Irradiation with a Diode Laser: A Pilot Study (1997)

This study examines the application of a diode laser with a wavelength of 805 nm for periodontal treatment. While the use of the diode laser in this field has not been investigated so far, several authors have reported on the use of neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser for such applications. The aim of this study was to examine the immediate effect of the diode laser in reducing the bacterial concentration in periodontal pockets. Important periodontal indices (PBI, CPITN) were assessed in 50 patients to obtain initial values for a planned long-term study and to select appropriate periodontal pockets for this study. The periodontal pockets were required to have a minimum depth of 4 mm. Only proximal pockets were included in this study. The patients were subdivided into two groups. After microbiological samples had been collected with sterile paper tips, the group selected for laser treatment was subjected to scaling. One week after scaling, the patients underwent laser treatment. One week later, a second series of microbiological samples were obtained and the patients were subjected again to scaling; this time, however, they did not undergo laser treatment after 1 week. Two weeks after scaling, another series of microbiological samples was collected. The microbiological samples were evaluated to verify bacterial elimination from the periodontal pockets. A comparison between the initial and the final bacterial counts revealed that irradiation with the diode laser facilitates considerable bacterial elimination, especially of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, from periodontal pockets.
Solid-phase synthesis of a library of functionalized aminodiol scaffolds (1999)

A combinatorial library motif has been developed based on orthogonally protected aminodiol scaffolds. Amine functionality was derivatized by commercially available electrophiles including carboxylic acids, sulfonyl chlorides, isocyanates, and aldehydes. A hydroxyl moiety was converted to a carbamate linkage, allowing a variety of amines to be incorporated. The scaffold was anchored to TentaGel at the second hydroxyl via a succinyl linker, which was hydrolyzed by mild aqueous basic conditions. The method was used to make a library of about 17,000 different members in mixtures of 5 per sample.
Light-Controlled Selective Pb Deposition on Photochromic Surfaces (2012)

We report light-controlled selective Pb deposition on a photochromic surface. Pb evaporation onto the photochromic surface with isomerization patterns at room temperature (24 °C) generated no selective deposition; however a slight increase of the substrate temperature around 10–15 °C enabled the perfect selective Pb deposition, that is, Pb was deposited on the colored surface but not on the uncolored surface. A preparation of thin-film microfuse (µ-fuse) based on selective Pb deposition was demonstrated using laser scanning and maskless Pb evaporation. The µ-fuse showed a highly sensitive interrupt current level.
Activation of human B-MYB by cyclins (1997)

B-MYB expression is associated with cell proliferation and recent studies have suggested that it promotes the S phase of mammalian cells. Based on its homology to the transcription factors c-MYB and A-MYB, B-MYB is thought to be involved in transcriptional regulation; however, its activity is not detectable in several cell lines. It was postulated that B-MYB function may depend on the presence of a cofactor, and recent studies suggested that B-MYB is phosphorylated specifically during S phase in murine fibroblasts. In this report we provide evidence that the product of the human B-myb gene can be activated in vivo by coexpression with cyclin A or cyclin E. Transfection studies showed that B-MYB was a weak transcriptional activator in SAOS-2 cells and was unable to promote their proliferation. In contrast, overexpression of both B-MYB and cyclin A or cyclin E caused a drastic increase in the number of SAOS-2 cells in S phase. Also, overexpression of cyclin A and cyclin E in SAOS-2 cells enhanced the ability of B-MYB, but not c-MYB, to transactivate various promoters, including the cdc2 promoter, the HIV-1-LTR, and the simian virus 40 minimal promoter. A direct role for cyclin-dependent activation of B-MYB was demonstrated using an in vitro transcription assay. These observations suggest that one mechanism by which cyclin A and E may promote the S phase is through modification and activation of B-MYB.
The Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer consensus statement on immunotherapy for the treatment of hematologic malignancies: multiple myeloma, lymphoma, and acute leukemia (2016)

Increasing knowledge concerning the biology of hematologic malignancies as well as the role of the immune system in the control of these diseases has led to the development and approval of immunotherapies that are resulting in impressive clinical responses. Therefore, the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) convened a hematologic malignancy Cancer Immunotherapy Guidelines panel consisting of physicians, nurses, patient advocates, and patients to develop consensus recommendations for the clinical application of immunotherapy for patients with multiple myeloma, lymphoma, and acute leukemia. These recommendations were developed following the previously established process based on the Institute of Medicine's clinical practice guidelines. In doing so, a systematic literature search was performed for high-impact studies from 2004 to 2014 and was supplemented with further literature as identified by the panel. The consensus panel met in December of 2014 with the goal to generate consensus recommendations for the clinical use of immunotherapy in patients with hematologic malignancies. During this meeting, consensus panel voting along with discussion were used to rate and review the strength of the supporting evidence from the literature search. These consensus recommendations focus on issues related to patient selection, toxicity management, clinical endpoints, and the sequencing or combination of therapies. Overall, immunotherapy is rapidly emerging as an effective therapeutic strategy for the management of hematologic malignances. Evidence-based consensus recommendations for its clinical application are provided and will be updated as the field evolves.
Catalytic CO2conversion to organic carbonates with alcohols in combination with dehydration system (2014)

This perspective highlights the direct synthesis of organic carbonates from CO<sub>2</sub>and alcohols combined with dehydration systems.