gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantitative analyses of factors related to anxiety and depression in patients with retinitis pigmentosa (2018)

The purpose of this study is to determine the factors related to anxiety and depression in patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP). The status of anxiety and depression was determined in RP patients with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaire which consisted of subscales for HADS-anxiety (HADS-A) and HADS-depression (HADS-D). The vision-specific quality of life (VSQOL) was assessed with the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire 25 (NEI-VFQ25). The correlations between the HADS-A or HADS-D scores and vision-related clinical parameters such as the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), Functional Acuity Score, Functional Field Score, Functional Vision Score, the NEI- VFQ25 subscale score were determined. The socioeconomic status, such as the work status and membership in the RP society, was investigated to determine the factors related to the HADS-A and HADS-D scores. One hundred and twelve RP patients (46 men and 66 women) with mean age of 60.7±15.4 (standard deviation) years were studied. The HADS-A score was not significantly correlated with any visual functions but was significantly correlated with the general health condition (r = -0.34, P<0.001) and the role limitation (r = -0.20, P = 0.03) of the NEI-VFQ25 subscale. The HADS-D score was significantly correlated with all the visual functions (r = -0.38 to 0.29, P<0.001), the NEI-VFQ25 subscale score (r = - 0.58 to -0.33, P<0.001) by Spearman's correlations. The HADS-A score was significantly higher in the members of the RP society than in non-members (P = 0.013). The mean HADS-D score of employed individuals was significantly lower than that of unemployed ones (P = 0.001) by the Mann-Whitney U test. The results indicate that visual function impairments and vision-related quality of life are associated with a depressive state, and the general health condition is related to anxiety in RP patients. Being employed may be strongly correlated with the degree of depression in RP patients.
Generalized scale: theory, algorithms, and application to image inhomogeneity correction (2004)

Scale is a fundamental concept useful in almost all image processing and analysis tasks including segmentation, filtering, interpolation, registration, visualization, and quantitative analysis. Broadly speaking, scale related work can be divided into three categories: (1) multi-scale or scale-space representation, (2) local scale, and (3) locally adaptive scale. The original formulation of scale in the form of scale-space theory came from the presence of multiple scales in nature and the desire to represent measured signals at multiple scales. However, since this representation did not suggest how to select appropriate scales, the notion of local scale was proposed to pick the right scale for a particular application from the multi-scale representation of the image. Recently, there has been considerable interest in developing locally adaptive scales, the idea being to consider the local size of object in carrying out whatever local operations that are to be done on the image. However, existing locally adaptive models are limited by shape, size, and anisotropic constraints. In this work, we propose a generalized scale model which is adaptive like other local morphometric models, and yet possesses the global spirit of multi-scale representations. We postulate that this semi-locally adaptive nature of generalized scale confers it certain distinct advantages over other global and local scale formulations. Further, generalized scale can be easily applied to solve a range of image processing problems. One such problem that we address in this paper is inhomogeneity correction in MR images. We qualitatively and quantitatively demonstrate the superiority of our generalized scale-based correction method over an existing scale-based correction technique, while retaining all the advantages of the existing scale-based method over those published in the literature.
A Modular Stacked DC Transmission and Distribution System for Long Distance Subsea Applications (2014)

A new power transmission and distribution concept-modular stacked direct current (dc) (MSDC)-architecture is described. Its main application is subsea oil and gas (O&G) processing, where the marinization of system components, their reliability and retrieval are the most critical requirements. In contrast to conventional HVDC systems, the proposed MSDC technology achieves the required dc transmission voltage by stacking a number of power converter building blocks in series that are easy to marinize. Since each building block is similar to a standard variable frequency drive, the MSDC technology has potentially much lower cost and higher reliability. Moreover, the modular architecture renders the system fault tolerant and capable of operating in a degraded mode. The architecture is also highly reconfigurable as the field matures and the loads evolve over time. A generic subsea field scenario for O&G has been designed and analyzed. The MSDC architecture and associated system control strategy are developed and tested using a real-time simulation platform together with an experimental scaled-down prototype of 160 kVA.
Patellar Component Failure in Cementless Total Knee Arthroplasty (1988)

One hundred twenty-two total knee arthroplasties were performed with porous ingrowth fixation of the patellar component between February 1984 and February 1987. Twelve subsequently have experienced fatigue fracture of the patellar component at the peg-plate junction. All fractured patellar components demonstrated excellent ingrowth and fixation of the porous titanium fiber mesh-peg surfaces with no ingrowth into the porous plate underlying the polyethylene patellar surface. While the initial group of 122 arthroplasties was only slightly greater than one-third male, the preponderance of patellar fractures was in males (ten of 12). Patients with patellar component failure were on average younger and heavier and had a greater range of knee motion than the index group. The average time from implantation to recognition of fracture was 24 months. Biomechanical analysis of the force system about a domed patella demonstrated that loading of the patellofemoral joint results in eccentric loading of the dome surface. Peg fixation not accompanied by fixation of the overlying plate allows these high eccentric forces to load the peg-plate junction in shear with consequent fatigue at the peg-plate junction. These results indicate that the shear forces are sufficiently high to warrant caution in the use of peg-plate systems in which peg ingrowth without plate ingrowth occurs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Molecular fluorescent pH-probes based on 8-hydroxyquinoline (2006)

Three 5,7-pi-extended 8-benzyloxyquinolines, namely 5,7-diphenyl-, 5,7-bis(biphenyl-4-yl)- and 5,7-bis(4-dibenzothiophenyl)-8-benzyloxyquinoline were prepared and investigated as fluorescent pH-probes in nonaqueous solution. Absorption and photoluminescence spectra of the introduced compounds also including the starting material 8-benzyloxy-5,7-dibromoquinoline as well as their N-protonated counterparts were recorded and the results were rationalized by quantum-chemical calculations. A pronounced red shift of the emission occurred upon protonation of the non halogenated derivatives, while the dibromo-derivative is hardly emissive and is virtually not protonated under the conditions used. The diphenyl- and the bis(biphenyl)-derivative especially show promising photoluminescence quantum yields both in the parent and the protonated state making them candidates for the active component in pH sensing applications.
GSLPI: A Cost-Based Query Progress Indicator (2012)

Progress indicators for SQL queries were first published in 2004 with the simultaneous and independent proposals from Chaudhuri et al. and Luo et al. In this paper, we implement both progress indicators in the same commercial RDBMS to investigate their performance. We summarize common cases in which they are both accurate and cases in which they fail to provide reliable estimates. Although there are differences in their performance, much more striking is the similarity in the errors they make due to a common simplifying uniform future speed assumption. While the developers of these progress indicators were aware that this assumption could cause errors, they neither explored how large the errors might be nor did they investigate the feasibility of removing the assumption. To rectify this we propose a new query progress indicator, similar to these early progress indicators but without the uniform speed assumption. Experiments show that on the TPC-H benchmark, on queries for which the original progress indicators have errors up to 30X the query running time, the new progress indicator is accurate to within 10 percent. We also discuss the sources of the errors that still remain and shed some light on what would need to be done to eliminate them.
Synthesis, Characterization and Field‐Effect Transistor Performance of Poly[2,6‐bis(3‐alkylthiophen‐2‐yl)benzo[1,2‐b;4,5‐b′]diselenophene]s (2010)

Abstract Benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]diselenophene (BDS) has been incorporated for the first time in a polymer. bis(Stannyl)‐functionalized BDS was copolymerized with 3,3′‐bis(alkyl)‐5,5′‐bithiophenes (dodecyl and tetradecyl side chains) through Stille copolymerization, to yield p‐type polymer semiconductors for organic field‐effect transistor application. The electronic and structural effect of the selenium atoms, compared to sulphur atoms in analogous copolymers, is described. The molecular weight has a decisive influence on the photophysical properties and supramolecular ordering, expressed in field‐effect transistor measurements. Saturation mobilities around 10 −2 cm 2 · V −1 s −1 are obtained on standard silicon substrates. magnified image
386. Toxicology for DUX4-Targeted MicroRNAs (2016)

Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is an autosomal dominant disorder affecting 1 in 7500. Symptoms typically arise in young adulthood and most patients show clinical features before age 30. FSHD is characterized by progressive wasting and weakness of facial and shoulder-girdle muscles, though all skeletal muscle can be affected. Currently there is no treatment for FSHD. The pathogenic events leading to FSHD have only recently started coming into focus. Several studies now support an FSHD pathogenesis model involving aberrant expression of the DUX4 gene, which encodes a myotoxic transcription factor. The emergence of DUX4 enabled the development of FSHD therapies. Previously our lab demonstrated proof of principle for the use of a DUX4-targeted RNA interference (RNAi)-based gene therapy. We have pursued two engineered microRNAs that showed strong therapeutic efficacy determined by their ability to suppress pathogenic levels of DUX4, and prevent myopathy in mice. To continue down a translational path this study was designed to determine the safety of microRNA therapy to muscle (which has not been previously determined) by delivering high doses for preliminary non-GLP toxicity studies. Both local intramuscular injections and systemic isolated limb perfusions were performed to identify safe sequence and dosing parameters for lead DUX4-targeted microRNAs at acute (3 week) and long-term (5 month) timepoints. To further circumvent potential off-target organ toxicity we have optimized these vectors to restrict expression to skeletal muscle. The safety parameters along with the promoter optimization provide necessary data for translating an RNAi-based therapy for FSHD.
Modal analysis of q-space—relaxation correlation experiments (2003)

Correlations between nuclear magnetic resonance based relaxation and diffusion-diffraction measurements in fluid-saturated isolated pores with relaxing surfaces are investigated. These correlations can be measured in two-dimensional experiments using previously reported pulse sequences that consist of an initial subsequence that probes diffusion-diffraction properties with pulsed gradient spin echo (PGSE), followed by another subsequence that measures relaxation effects. The magnetization is expressed in terms of diffusion eigenmodes of the restrictive geometry with the proper boundary condition. In general, each relaxation mode displays a different diffusion-diffraction behavior. For small values of the wave-vector q=γgδ (g is the pulsed gradient amplitude, and δ its time duration), an effective time dependent modal diffusion coefficient for each eigenmode is defined. In the fast-diffusion regime, in which surface relaxation is weak compared to diffusion across the pore, the lowest eigenmode dominates and the diffusion and relaxation dependencies of the magnetization approximately factorize. When surface relaxation is strong, higher eigenmodes contribute significantly and diffusion and relaxation effects cannot be factorized anymore. A correlation between the short-time modal diffusion coefficients and relaxation rates can be used to extract the properties of surface relaxation and the pore-size. The shift of the “diffraction” minima at q≈ integer multiples of 2π/ls (pore-size is ls) at weak relaxation values to higher wave-vectors at strong relaxation is associated with significant contributions from the higher modes to the magnetization at large wave vectors.
A208 FUNDAMENTAL STUDY ON FILM COOLING OF GAS TURBINE BLADE BY MIST FLOW(Gas Turbine-6) (2009)

The cooling effectiveness of gas turbine blades by film cooling was examined. Air at 420 K flowed in the rectangular test flow channel of 60 mm wide, 60 mm high and 350 mm long. Air at room temperature for the film cooling flowed into the test flow channel through a hole at the bottom. The effect of the shape of the effluent hole for the cooling flow on the cooling effectiveness was examined. The shapes examined were circular and oblong-circular. The effect of mist introduction into the cooling flow was also examined. Experimental results were analyzed with the STAR-CD code. Since the film cooling flows from the oblong-circular holes spread wider than from the circular hole, better cooling effectivenesses were maintained in the wider area in the cases of the oblong-circular holes than the case of the circular hole. In the case of the circular hole, the flow separation occurred near the effluent flow hole, which resulted in the lower cooling effectiveness than in the cases of the oblong-circular holes. The deterioration of the cooling effectiveness occurred in the larger effluent flow in the case of the circular hole. Results of the STAR-CD analyses proved that the vortex that existed at the edge of the cooing film flow and rolled the main flow into the cooling film was kept farther away from the center of the cooling film and made weaker in the oblong-circular hole case than in the circular hole case. These might result in the better cooling effectivenesses in the cases of the oblong-circular holes. The introduction of mists into the film cooling flow produced the remarkable improvement of the cooling effectiveness. It might be caused by a decrease in the temperature of the cooling film and an increase in the velocity of the cooling film flow due to the evaporation of the mists.
Lithium vanadium oxide (Li1.1V3O8) thick porous electrodes with high rate capacity: utilization and evolution upon extended cycling elucidatedvia operandoenergy dispersive X-ray diffraction and continuum simulation (2020)

The phase distribution of lithiated LVO in thick (∼500 μm) porous electrodes (TPEs) designed to facilitate both ion and electron transport was determined using synchrotron-based operando energy dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDXRD). Probing 3 positions in the TPE while cycling at a 1C rate revealed a homogeneous phase transition across the thickness of the electrode at the 1st and 95th cycles. Continuum modelling indicated uniform lithiation across the TPE in agreement with the EDXRD results and ascribed decreasing accessible active material to be the cause of loss in delivered capacity between the 1st and 95th cycles. The model was supported by the observation of significant particle fracture by SEM consistent with loss of electrical contact. Overall, the combination of operando EDXRD, continuum modeling, and ex situ measurements enabled a deeper understanding of lithium vanadium oxide transport properties under high rate extended cycling within a thick highly porous electrode architecture.
A Method for Temporal Probabilistic Reasoning (1988)

Temporal reasoning in complex environments often involves the interpretation of evidence under uncertainty. We have been studying the application of probabilistic reasoning techniques to the problem of temporal-data interpretation. In this report, we discuss techniques for inferring the probability of current hypothesis given temporal evidence. After reviewing the background of the problem, we present our problem-solving approach and discuss a prototype implementation.
NtrBC Selectively Regulates Host-Pathogen Interactions, Virulence, and Ciprofloxacin Susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2021)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a metabolically versatile opportunistic pathogen capable of infecting distinct niches of the human body, including skin wounds and the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients. Eradication of P. aeruginosa infection is becoming increasingly difficult due to the numerous resistance mechanisms it employs. Adaptive resistance is characterized by a transient state of decreased susceptibility to antibiotic therapy that is distinct from acquired or intrinsic resistance, can be triggered by various environmental stimuli and reverted by removal of the stimulus. Further, adaptive resistance is intrinsically linked to lifestyles such as swarming motility and biofilm formation, both of which are important in infections and lead to multi-drug adaptive resistance. Here, we demonstrated that NtrBC, the master of nitrogen control, had a selective role in host colonization and a substantial role in determining intrinsic resistance to ciprofloxacin. P. aeruginosa mutant strains (Δ ntrB , Δ ntrC and Δ ntrBC ) colonized the skin but not the respiratory tract of mice as well as WT and, unlike WT, could be reduced or eradicated from the skin by ciprofloxacin. We hypothesized that nutrient availability contributed to these phenomena and found that susceptibility to ciprofloxacin was impacted by nitrogen source in laboratory media. P. aeruginosa Δ ntrB , Δ ntrC and Δ ntrBC also exhibited distinct host interactions, including modestly increased cytotoxicity toward human bronchial epithelial cells, reduced virulence factor production and 10-fold increased uptake by macrophages. These data might explain why NtrBC mutants were less adept at colonizing the upper respiratory tract of mice. Thus, NtrBC represents a link between nitrogen metabolism, adaptation and virulence of the pathogen P. aeruginosa , and could represent a target for eradication of recalcitrant infections in situ .
Identification of Alpha-1 Acid Glycoprotein as a Lysophospholipid Binding Protein:  A Complementary Role to Albumin in the Scavenging of Lysophosphatidylcholine (2006)

Alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (AGP, orosomucoid), a major acute phase protein in plasma, displays potent cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory activities whose molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. Because AGP binds various exogenous drugs, we have searched for endogenous ligands for AGP. We found that AGP binds lysophospholipids in a manner discernible from albumin in several ways. First, mass spectrometric analyses showed that AGP isolated from plasma and serum contained lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) enriched in mono and polysaturated acyl chains, whereas albumin contained mostly saturated LPC. Second, AGP bound LPC in a 1:1 molar ratio and with a higher affinity than free fatty acids, whereas albumin bound LPC in a 3:1 ratio but with a lower affinity than that of free fatty acids. Consequently, free fatty acids displaced LPC more avidly from albumin than from AGP. Competitive ligand displacement indicated the highest affinity for AGP to LPC20:4, 18:3, 18:1, and 16:0 (150-180 nM), lysophosphatidylserine (Kd 190 nM), and platelet activating factor (PAF) (Kd 235 nM). The high affinity of AGP to LPC in equilibrium was verified by stopped-flow kinetics, which implicated slow dissociation after fast initial binding, being consistent with an induced-fit mechanism. AGP also bound pyrene-labeled phospholipids directly from vesicles and more efficiently than albumin. AGP prevented LPC-induced priming and PAF-induced activation of human granulocytes, thus indicating scavenging of the cellular effects of the lipid ligands. The results suggest that AGP complements albumin as a lysophospholipid scavenging protein, particularly in inflammatory conditions when the capacity of albumin to sequester LPC becomes impaired.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed [5 + 2] Cycloaddition Reactions in Water. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Nanoparticle-Based Bio-Barcodes for the Ultrasensitive Detection of Proteins* (2020)

An ultrasensitive method for detecting protein analytes has been developed. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and other forms of target amplification have enabled rapid advances in the development of powerful tools for detecting and quantifying DNA targets of interest for research, forensic, and clinical applications. Although gel electrophoresis was routinely used to analyze the results of the assay, in general, the scanometric method provided higher sensitivity and was easier to implement than the gel-based method. Importantly, one can eliminate the PCR step and still obtain a high sensitivity assay by using larger nanoparticles, which can support larger absolute amounts of barcode DNA. The bio-barcode method offers several advantages over current protein detection methods. Homogeneous mixing makes this assay faster than heterogeneous immuno-PCR systems and also can increase sensitivity because the capturing step is more efficient (the equilibrium can be pushed toward the captured protein state by increasing the concentration of magnetic microparticle probe, which cannot be done in the heterogeneous assay).
Low-loss high power microwave switching using novel nitride based MOS heterostructure field-effect transistors (2003)

A microwave switch based on a novel nitride based metal-oxide-semiconductor heterostructure field effect transistor (MOSHFET) is proposed and demonstrated. Due to record high saturation current and breakdown voltage, negligible gate leakage current and low gate capacitance, the proposed switch allows for less than 0.3 dB insertion loss and more than 35 dB isolation. The unique feature of the MOSHFET based switch is the maximum switching power, in excess of 80 W for a 1 mm wide active element.
First-principles Landau-like potential for BiFeO$_3$ and related materials (2022)

In this work we introduce the simplest, lowest-order Landau-like potential for BiFeO$_3$ and La-doped BiFeO$_3$ as an expansion around the paraelectric cubic phase in powers of polarization, FeO$_6$ octahedral rotations and strains. We present an analytical approach for computing the model parameters from density functional theory. We illustrate our approach by computing the potentials for BiFeO$_3$ and La$_{0.25}$Bi$_{0.75}$FeO$_3$ and show that, overall, we are able to capture the first-principles results accurately. The computed models allow us to identify and explain the main interactions controlling the relative stability of the competing low-energy phases of these compounds.