gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
TopiOCQA: Open-domain Conversational Question Answering with Topic Switching (2022)

Abstract In a conversational question answering scenario, a questioner seeks to extract information about a topic through a series of interdependent questions and answers. As the conversation progresses, they may switch to related topics, a phenomenon commonly observed in information-seeking search sessions. However, current datasets for conversational question answering are limiting in two ways: 1) they do not contain topic switches; and 2) they assume the reference text for the conversation is given, that is, the setting is not open-domain. We introduce TopiOCQA (pronounced Tapioca), an open-domain conversational dataset with topic switches based on Wikipedia. TopiOCQA contains 3,920 conversations with information-seeking questions and free-form answers. On average, a conversation in our dataset spans 13 question-answer turns and involves four topics (documents). TopiOCQA poses a challenging test-bed for models, where efficient retrieval is required on multiple turns of the same conversation, in conjunction with constructing valid responses using conversational history. We evaluate several baselines, by combining state-of-the-art document retrieval methods with neural reader models. Our best model achieves F1 of 55.8, falling short of human performance by 14.2 points, indicating the difficulty of our dataset. Our dataset and code are available at https://mcgill-nlp.github.io/topiocqa.
MGA-Net+: Acceleration-based packaging work recognition using motif-guided attention networks (2022)

This study presents a new method for recognizing complex human activities within the logistics domain, such as packaging operations, using acceleration data from a body-worn sensor. The recognition of packaging tasks using standard supervised machine learning is complex because the observed data vary considerably depending on the number of items to be packed, the size of the items, and other parameters. In this study, we focused on the characteristics and necessary key actions (motions) that occur during a specific operation. For instance, when the packaging tape is stretched while assembling the shipping boxes. To focus on these characteristic actions when recognizing data, we propose the use of an attention-based neural network. With our method, the attention-based neural network’s training is guided such that its focus is on the motifs. In addition, this method was designed to accurately recognize short operations by leveraging data augmentation techniques. We tested our method on two logistics datasets and achieved a 3.9% improvement over the previous MGA-Net approach.
Dynamically Amplified Dual-mass Gyroscopes with In-situ Shock Survival Mechanism (2020)

This paper reports on development of Dynamically Amplified dual-mass Gyroscope (DAG) and introduces, for the first time, a Trap-and-Hold (TAH) concept intended to increase survivability of gyroscopes to mechanical shocks and vibrations. The TAH concept utilizes out-of-plane electrodes to electrostatically excite the gyroscope's proof-mass at resonance in the direction perpendicular to the substrate, trap the proof-mass electrostatically, and then keep the sensor structure locked to the substrate during the events of shock. We discuss our fabrication process to realize the TAH mechanism and present initial experimental results. In our demonstration, the operational device measuring rotation was instantaneously immobilized by TAH before the event of shock, and was subsequently released to its normal operation after the event of shock. The device preserved its functionality and fundamental characteristics, Angle Random Walk (ARW) and in-run bias instability (IrBS), before (ARW: 0.048 deg/rt-hr, IrBS: 0.6 deg/hr) and after the experiment (ARW: 0.0483 deg/rt-hr, IrBS: 0.69 deg/hr).
Cascade [4 + 1] Radical Annulations of 2,6‐Disubstituted Phenyl Isonitriles with N‐Propargyl‐6‐iodopyridones: Scope, Mechanism and Regioselective Synthesis of 7,9‐Disubstituted Camptothecin Analogues. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Chip Pin Bandwidth (2001)

th generation Alpha microprocessor running at 1.2GHz delivers up to 44.8GB/s chip pin bandwidth. It contains a 1.75MB, ECC protected, 7-way set associative 2 nd level write back-cache that delivers 19.2GB/s bandwidth; two memory controllers supporting 8 Rambus™ channels running at 800Mb/s; four 6.4GB/s inter-processor communication ports; and a separate IO port capable of 6.4GB/s operation. The 21.1x18.8mm
REGGAE: a novel approach for the identification of key transcriptional regulators (2018)

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Secure Data Exchange: A Marketplace in the Cloud. (2016)

A vast amount of data belonging to companies and individuals is currently stored in the cloud in encrypted form by trustworthy service providers such as Microsoft, Amazon, and Google. Unfortunately, the only way for the cloud to use the data in computations is to first decrypt it, then compute on it, and finally re-encrypt it, resulting in a problematic trade-off between value/utility and security. At a high level, our goal in this paper is to present a general and practical cryptographic solution to this dilemma. More precisely, we describe a scenario that we call Secure Data Exchange (SDE), where several data owners are storing private encrypted data in a semi-honest non-colluding cloud, and an evaluator (a third party) wishes to engage in a secure function evaluation on the data belonging to some subset of the data owners. We require that none of the parties involved learns anything beyond what they already know and what is revealed by the function, even when the parties (except the cloud) are active malicious. We also recognize the ubiquity of scenarios where the lack of an efficient SDE protocol prevents for example business transactions, research collaborations, or mutually beneficial computations on aggregated private data from taking place, and discuss several such scenarios in detail. Our main result is an efficient and practical protocol for enabling SDE using Secure Multi-Party Computation (MPC) in a novel adaptation of the server-aided setting. We also present the details of an implementation along with performance numbers.
Tunneling Time and Weak Measurement in Strong Field Ionization (2016)

Tunneling delays represent a hotly debated topic, with many conflicting definitions and little consensus on when and if such definitions accurately describe the physical observables. Here, we relate these different definitions to distinct experimental observables in strong field ionization, finding that two definitions, Larmor time and Bohmian time, are compatible with the attoclock observable and the resonance lifetime of a bound state, respectively. Both of these definitions are closely connected to the theory of weak measurement, with Larmor time being the weak measurement value of tunneling time and Bohmian trajectory corresponding to the average particle trajectory, which has been recently reconstructed using weak measurement in a two-slit experiment [S. Kocsis, B. Braverman, S. Ravets, M. J. Stevens, R. P. Mirin, L. K. Shalm, and A. M. Steinberg, Science 332, 1170 (2011)]. We demonstrate a big discrepancy in strong field ionization between the Bohmian and weak measurement values of tunneling time, and we suggest this arises because the tunneling time is calculated for a small probability postselected ensemble of electrons. Our results have important implications for the interpretation of experiments in attosecond science, suggesting that tunneling is unlikely to be an instantaneous process.
Soluble Molecule Transport Within Synthetic Hydrogels in Comparison to the Native Extracellular Matrix (2014)

Soluble molecule signalling and gradient formation are of known biological importance and direct many biological processes. Because there are many similarities between synthetic hydrogels and the native extracellular matrix (ECM), synthetic hydrogels can serve as model systems for the study of soluble molecule signalling and gradient formation in biological systems. Additionally, drug delivery technologies, bioactive peptides, and degradable polymer chemistries have all been incorporated into hydrogels to recapitulate many of the aspects of soluble transport that are found in the native ECM. Though transport within hydrogels and the native ECM have both been extensively reviewed, the purpose of this chapter is to compare and contrast the two. How does transport of soluble molecules within synthetic hydrogels compare to that in the native ECM, and how can synthetic hydrogels be made to more closely mimic the signalling of the native ECM? In this chapter, well-known, fundamental models of molecular transport are used to introduce and discuss parameters that influence soluble molecule signalling and gradient formation, with a particular emphasis on emerging bioinspired approaches to mimic the natural ECM.
Tooth erosion and the role of pepsin reflux (2020)

Objective: The purpose of the study was to evaluate if there is a link between salivary pepsin levels and tooth erosion. Also, to determine if gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is responsible for much of the tooth erosion seen by dentists. Background: Pepsin is only produced within the stomach. If found within other parts of the body [for example within saliva or sputum samples], the only mechanism by which that would be possible is via the reflux of gastric contents. One of the causes of dental erosion is thought to be due to direct contact between tooth surfaces and acidic substances and digestive enzymes present in gastric refluxate. GERD is a common condition, with its prevalence seemingly trending higher in recent decades. It is reportedly a known cause of tooth erosions. From the hypothesis, there was an expectation to see patients with dental erosions to have pepsin detected [and perhaps at high levels] and to see patients without dental erosions to have no or low levels of pepsin. Method: Three saliva samples were collected [on waking and 2 post-prandial] from 50 anonymous participating patients (26 females, 24 males) from a single dental practice. Extra information was collected related to lifestyle, Reflux Symptom Index (RSI – reflux questionnaire) and tooth erosions. These samples were analyzed for the stomach enzyme pepsin using the validated medical device Peptest. Results: There was no correlation between positive pepsin levels and the presence of tooth erosion during this study. There was a statistical difference between the on waking pH vs. positive pepsin levels and post prandial pH vs. positive pepsin levels. The average pH was lower for on waking and post-prandial samples with positive pepsin, suggesting that the saliva was acidic and gastric reflux had occurred. Conversely, the average pH was higher for on waking and post-prandial samples with negative pepsin. There was no statistical difference between pH vs. tooth erosion in the on waking and post- prandial. Conclusion: Patients identified as having tooth erosion did not have higher levels of pepsin detected, suggesting that pepsin was not associated with dental erosion in these patients.
Letters of Artisans and the Labouring Poor (England, c. 1750–1835) (2014)

Histories of linguistic variability and language standardization in Late Modern England have predominantly focused on the well-educated layers of society. This paper aims at providing a more complete overview of language use during that period by focusing on the lower social ranks. The discussion will be based on the corpus Letters of Artisans and the Labouring Poor ( LALP ), which contains more than 2,000 letters of application for poor relief from the period c. 1750−1835. The first part of the paper describes the corpus in some detail. The second part discusses new research questions that the lower-class material raises; this will be illustrated by two case studies. In the first study, the material will be viewed from the point of view of spelling acquisition and fossilization. The second case study focuses on providing diachronic time depth to some of the current issues discussed in the sociolinguistics of globalization (Blommaert 2010), such as mobility and developing literacies.
A multicenter experience with generic mycophenolate mofetil conversion in stable liver transplant recipients (2014)

Clinical experience as well as research data showed that generic MMF was comparable in efficacy to the brand-name drug. Given the lack of adverse events and the safety findings, conversion from brand-name MMF to generic MMF should be encouraged.
Reliable Control of Filament Formation in Resistive Memories by Self-Assembled Nanoinsulators Derived from a Block Copolymer (2014)

Resistive random access memory (ReRAM) is a promising candidate for future nonvolatile memories. Resistive switching in a metal-insulator-metal structure is generally assumed to be caused by the formation/rupture of nanoscale conductive filaments (CFs) under an applied electric field. The critical issue of ReRAM for practical memory applications, however, is insufficient repeatability of the operating voltage and resistance ratio. Here, we present an innovative approach to reliably and reproducibly control the CF growth in unipolar NiO resistive memory by exploiting uniform formation of insulating SiOx nanostructures from the self-assembly of a Si-containing block copolymer. In this way, the standard deviation (SD) of set and reset voltages was markedly reduced by 76.9% and 59.4%, respectively. The SD of high resistance state also decreased significantly, from 6.3 × 10(7) Ω to 5.4 × 10(4) Ω. Moreover, we report direct observations of localized metallic Ni CF formation and their controllable growth using electron microscopy and discuss electrothermal simulation results based on the finite element method supporting our analysis results.
Correlation of Virus and Host Response Markers with Circulating Immune Complexes during Acute and Chronic Woodchuck Hepatitis Virus Infection (2008)

Woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) is an established model for human hepatitis B virus. The kinetics of virus and host responses in serum and liver during acute, self-limited WHV infection in adult woodchucks were studied. Serum WHV DNA and surface antigen (WHsAg) were detected as early as 1 to 3 weeks following experimental infection and peaked between 1 and 5 weeks postinfection. Thereafter, serum WHsAg levels declined rapidly and became undetectable, while WHV DNA levels became undetectable much later, between 4 and 20 weeks postinfection. Decreasing viremia correlated with transient liver injury marked by an increase in serum sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) levels. Clearance of WHV DNA from serum was associated with the normalization of serum SDH. Circulating immune complexes (CICs) of WHsAg and antibodies against WHsAg (anti-WHs) that correlated temporarily with the peaks in serum viremia and WHs antigenemia were detected. CICs were no longer detected in serum once free anti-WHs became detectable. The detection of CICs around the peak in serum viremia and WHs antigenemia in resolving woodchucks suggests a critical role for the humoral immune response against WHsAg in the early elimination of viral and subviral particles from the peripheral blood. Individual kinetic variation during WHV infections in resolving woodchucks infected with the same WHV inoculum and dose is likely due to the outbred nature of the animals, indicating that the onset and magnitude of the individual immune response determine the intensity of virus inhibition and the timing of virus elimination from serum.
Energy savings in cooling tower packings (1981)

The cooling tower packing, also called fill or contact media, where the heat and moisture transfer and the related cooling of the water take place, is the heart of the cooling tower. The share of the packing in the total cost of the tower is normally only 10-20%, depending on type and size of cooling tower. Thus, enough emphasis is not always placed on the importance of the selection of the packing. This is due to the fact that the relationship between the efficiency of the packing and the size of the tower is not always adequately considered. This paper shows how a high-efficiency film-type fill considerably reduces the required cross-section and the first cost of a counterflow tower. The actual value of the savings obtained by using a high-efficiency film-type fill can be measured by its so-called limit value, which will be several times higher than its actual cost. Energy balance and cost calculations are presented for three examples from industrial practice. 3 refs.
A rapid-injection (RI) NMR study of the reactivity of butyllithium aggregates in tetrahydrofuran (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA rapid-injection (RI) NMR study of the reactivity of butyllithium aggregates in tetrahydrofuranJohn F. McGarrity, Craig A. Ogle, Zdenek Brich, and Hans Rudolf LoosliCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 7, 1810–1815Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00293a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00293a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views985Altmetric-Citations181LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Evaluation of E1b gene-attenuated replicating adenoviruses for cancer gene therapy (2002)

Gene-attenuated replication-competent adenoviruses are emerging as a promising new modality for the treatment of cancer. For the aim of improving adenoviral vectors for cancer gene therapy, we have constructed genetically attenuated adenoviral vectors with different combinations of E1B genes and investigated the possibility of enhanced oncolytic and replication effects of these engineered replication-competent adenoviruses. We show here that the cytolytic potency of each gene-attenuated replicating adenovirus differed significantly depending on the presence or deletion of E1B 55 kDa and E1B 19 kDa function. More specifically, among the constructed vectors (Ad-deltaE1B19, Ad-deltaE1B55, Ad-deltaE1B19/55, and Ad-wt), E1B 19 kDa-inactivated adenovirus (Ad-deltaE1B19) was the most potent against all tumor cells tested, inducing the largest-sized plaques and marked CPE. Further, cells infected with either Ad-deltaE1B19 or E1B19/55 kDa-deleted adenovirus (Ad-deltaE1B19/55) showed complete cell lysis with disintegrated cellular structure, whereas cells infected with Ad-wt maintained intact cellular and nuclear membrane with properly structured organelles. TUNEL and DNA fragmentation assay also revealed that the Ad-deltaE1B19 or Ad-deltaE1B19/55 adenovirus-infected cells showed more profound induction of apoptosis in comparison to wild-type adenovirus-infected cells. The presence of E1B 55 kDa gene was required for efficient viral replication and deletion of E1B 19 kDa function in replicating adenovirus-induced apoptosis, leading to increased cytopathic effects. Moreover, Ad-deltaE1B19 adenovirus showed a better antitumor effect than other E1B-attenuated adenoviruses. Taken together, the replicating adenoviruses deleted in E1B 19 kDa function may serve as an improved vector for anticancer gene therapy in combination with apoptosis-inducing modalities such as chemotherapeutic agents and radiation therapy.
Electrocatalytic Alcohol Oxidation with Iron-Based Acceptorless Alcohol Dehydrogenation Catalyst (2019)

Electrochemical and chemical studies reveal that the amido complex (PNH<sub><i>x</i></sub>P)Fe(CO)(H)(X) (FeN <b>1</b>, <i>x</i> = 0, X = 0; Fe(H)(NH) <b>2</b>, <i>x</i> = 1, X = H; PNHP = bis[2-(diisopropylphosphino)ethyl]amine) is active for the electrocatalytic oxidation of isopropanol. At room temperature, the amido FeN <b>1</b> dehydrogenates isopropanol to form acetone. The resulting amino hydride complex Fe(H)(NH) <b>2</b> is subsequently oxidized by one electron at a low potential (-0.74 V versus ferrocene/ferrocenium, Fc<sup>0/+</sup>) in tetrahydrofuran. In the presence of strong base (phosphazene base P<sub>2</sub>-Et, Et-N = P<sub>2</sub>(dma)<sub>5</sub>, P2), this oxidation process becomes a two-electron, two-proton process that regenerates FeN <b>1</b>. FeN <b>1</b> is active for the electrooxidation of isopropanol in the presence of strong base (i.e., P2) with an onset potential near -1 V versus Fc<sup>0/+</sup>. By cyclic voltammetry, fast turnover frequencies of 1.7 s<sup>-1</sup> for isopropanol oxidation are achieved with FeN <b>1</b>. Controlled potential electrolysis studies confirm that the product of isopropanol electrooxidation is acetone, generated with high Faradaic efficiency (∼100%).