gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dimer cation formation in anionic microemulsion media. Duroquinone-sensitized photooxidation of 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene and tetrathiafulvalene (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDimer cation formation in anionic microemulsion media. Duroquinone-sensitized photooxidation of 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene and tetrathiafulvaleneCarole K. Graetzel, Akira Kira, Marie Jirousek, and Michael GraetzelCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1983, 87, 20, 3983–3988Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100243a037https://doi.org/10.1021/j100243a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views82Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
"Conversations that fly:" the Little Review and modernist salon culture (2021)

Margaret Anderson (1886-1973), the American writer, editor, publisher, and impassioned promoter of avantgarde forms of expression, defined great art as a struggle for communication (Anderson, Little Review Anthology 11). She ardently believed that the exchange of ideas is a sometimes difficult but vital component of the creative process. It is because of this belief that she launched a magazine called the Little Review in 1914, which quickly established itself as the leading avantgarde magazine of its era. The Little Review was launched on the eve of the First World War, a period when widespread tensions manifested themselves in the arts as well as in political and social realms. It was therefore a time when Modernism - a revolutionary movement in the literary and visual arts that began in the late nineteenth century in response to traditional discourses of rationality and reached its apogee in First-World-War and post-war era- established itself with a broad array of new cultural expressions (Tew and Murray 11). Modernist experimentations were spearheaded by its avantgarde, a group of radical artists and writers representing an aggressively antagonistic spirit and revolting against the old systems of order and bourgeois institutions of art, as theorist Renato Poggioli (8) has described the historical avantgarde of the early twentieth century. As we shall see, the Little Review was an important member of a vanguard that helped create a cultural revolution by casting off, and inventing entirely new, literary and artistic conventions.
P0816CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND EGFR AND UACR DISTRIBUTION ACCORDING TO THE 2012 KDIGO CKD CLASSIFICATION: A REPORT FROM THE US DISCOVER CKD COHORT (2020)

Abstract Background and Aims In 2012, the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines recommended categorising and prognosticating chronic kidney disease (CKD) based on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urine albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR). Contemporary studies describing the prevalence and characteristics of patients with CKD categorised according KDIGO 2012 and how studies of new pharmacotherapies relate to these categories are scarce. One such new therapy class of key interest are the sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i), shown to delay the progression to renal failure and prevent cardiovascular/renal death in patients with CKD. We aimed to describe patient characteristics and the prevalence of CKD according to the 2012 KDIGO categories in a large real-world US cohort of patients with CKD (part A). We also describe a subset of the population according to the DAPA-CKD trial inclusion criteria (eGFR [25-75ml/min/1.73m2] and UACR [200-5000mg/g]) (part B). Method DISCOVER-CKD is an international observational study in patients with CKD. The DISCOVER-CKD retrospective US cohort of patients was extracted using real-world data from the integrated Limited Claims and Electronic Health Record data (IBM Health, Armonk, NY) and HealthVerity. Patients were aged ≥18 years, with ≥1 UACR measure. For part A, required first diagnostic code of CKD (Stages 3A, 3B, 4, 5, or ESRD) or two eGFR of &amp;lt;75 mL/min/1.73 m2 recorded at least 90 days apart and for part B, two measures of eGFR 25-75 mL/min/1.73 m2 recorded at least 90 days apart between 1st January 2008 and September 2018. Index date was diagnostic code or 2nd eGFR. The first UACR, recorded +/-12 months of index, was used to categorise patients. Descriptive analyses were used to summarise prevalence and patient characteristics. Results Of the overall study cohort (N=4330, 49.1% women, mean age 65.3±10.64 years), by KDIGO categories (part A): 85.7% (n=3601) had normal to mildly increased albuminuria, 11.0% (n=463) had moderately increased albuminuria and 3.3% (n=137) had severely increased albuminuria (Figure 1). 4.6% (n=193) fulfilled DAPA-CKD trial inclusion criteria (part B). In both populations, the most common comorbidities were hypertension (HTN, 73.0% for both) and type 2 diabetes (T2D, 57.6% and 56.2%, respectively). Anti-hypertensive drugs were frequently used (76.4% and 76.9%, respectively). Conclusion This study, utilising real-world data, adds to the scarcity of knowledge reporting the characteristics of patients with CKD in different eGFR and UACR strata according to the KDIGO 2012 definitions. We observed a trend in higher UACR in the group of patients with lower eGFR and report a high prevalence of T2D and HTN in the study population, demonstrating the high co-morbidity burden in patients, for whom new therapies may be beneficial.
A novel method for characterizing resist performance (2007)

In this paper, the use of a single Figure-of-Merit to judge resist performance with respect to line width roughness, resolution and sizing dose is proposed and evaluated. Chemically amplified photoresists used in advanced lithography nodes need to fulfill stringent requirements for a considerable number of resist and process characteristics. Along with resolution, line width roughness and resist sensitivity are important examples where the specifications have become very tight. Previously, it has been shown that resolution, line width roughness and resist sensitivity are fundamentally interdependent. Hence, when evaluating or optimizing resist performance it is very important to take these three characteristics into consideration simultaneously. We propose to combine these characteristics in a single photoresist Figure of Merit K<sub><i>LUP</i></sub>. This Figure of Merit, which is determined from sizing dose, imaging wavelength, exposure latitude, acid diffusion length, line width roughness and pitch allows for a direct comparison of very different resist formulations independent of the exposure tool used. Thus, K<sub><i>LUP</i></sub> has great potential to assist in evaluating resist performance for the next lithography nodes, for both ArF and for EUV wavelengths.
Individuals infected with HIV possess antibodies against IL-2. (1988)

Studies are presented here which demonstrate that antibodies reacting with human interleukin-2 (IL-2) are present in the sera of patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). It is likely that these antibodies are present due to a homology between the HIV envelope protein and IL-2. The homologues are six amino acids in length corresponding to the carboxy terminus of gp41, Leu-Glu-Arg-Ile-Leu-Leu (LERILL), and residues 14-19 of secreted IL-2, Leu-Glu-His-Leu-Leu-Leu (LEHLLL). Thus, we questioned whether antibodies made against this HIV envelope peptide would cross-react with IL-2. Not only do a high percentage of the HIV-infected individuals tested here have antibodies against LERILL, but these antibodies cross-react with the IL-2 sequence, LEHLLL. Additional antigenic processing of IL-2 is suggested by the finding that epitopes other than this sixmer are also recognized by antibodies in patients' sera. Thus, these studies suggest a mechanism by which infection with HIV can induce a potentially suppressive autoimmune response. Specifically, antibodies against an HIV envelope peptide cross-react with an epitope in IL-2.
Remote scanning ultraviolet detection for capillary gas chromatography (1992)

A remote flow cell has been interfaced to a scanning uv-visible absorbance detector for the detection of gas chromatography (GC) analytes. The unique optical bench, detection scheme, and thermal control allow low-noise operation at flow cell temperatures of 350 °C. Noise of 1×10−5 a.u. (peak to peak over a 1-min period) and drift at the 1×10−4 a.u./h level facilitate detection of coumarin in the gas phase at 40 pg/s. Flow cell volume was optimized for use with capillary GC columns. An effective band pass of &amp;lt;3 nm provides spectral resolution which shows solute absorbance fine structure to aid in compound identification.
Computational Prediction of Broadly Neutralizing HIV-1 Antibody Epitopes from Neutralization Activity Data (2013)

Broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies effective against the majority of circulating isolates of HIV-1 have been isolated from a small number of infected individuals. Definition of the conformational epitopes on the HIV spike to which these antibodies bind is of great value in defining targets for vaccine and drug design. Drawing on techniques from compressed sensing and information theory, we developed a computational methodology to predict key residues constituting the conformational epitopes on the viral spike from cross-clade neutralization activity data. Our approach does not require the availability of structural information for either the antibody or antigen. Predictions of the conformational epitopes of ten broadly neutralizing HIV-1 antibodies are shown to be in good agreement with new and existing experimental data. Our findings suggest that our approach offers a means to accelerate epitope identification for diverse pathogenic antigens.
Insulin receptor down-regulation is linked to an insulin-induced postreceptor defect in the glucose transport system in rat adipocytes. (1985)

We have examined the relationship between insulin-induced receptor downregulation and the induction of a postreceptor defect in the insulin-stimulated glucose transport system in rat adipocytes, and found that downregulation was linked to the expression of the postreceptor defect. When recycling of insulin receptors was inhibited by 20 mM Tris, insulin pretreatment (100 ng/ml) for 4 h at 37 degrees C induced both net loss (65%) of cell-surface receptors and a 63% decrease in maximal insulin responsiveness. In contrast, when cells were treated with insulin alone for 4 h at 37 degrees C so that receptors could recycle, or treated at 16 degrees C with Tris plus insulin to inhibit receptor internalization, neither receptor downregulation nor a postreceptor defect was observed. Induction of the postreceptor defect was specific for insulin under conditions when downregulation would occur, since treatment of cells with Tris and the insulin mimicker spermine did not result in receptor loss or the postreceptor defect. Other experiments revealed that receptor downregulation occurred first without loss of insulin responsiveness, but, once the postreceptor defect appeared, its severity was correlated to the degree of further receptor loss, as a function of insulin dose and exposure time. Tris (20 mM) alone acutely decreased maximally stimulated glucose transport rates slightly (22%), but this effect was rapidly reversible after Tris removal and could not have been directly responsible for the lasting and profound postreceptor defect seen after pretreatment with insulin plus Tris. Taken together, these data suggest that insulin-induced receptor loss is linked to the induction of the postreceptor defect. The postreceptor defect was due to an inability to maximally increase the maximum velocity of glucose transport. Furthermore, the expression of the postreceptor defect depended upon the extent to which the glucose transport system was allowed to deactivate; maintaining the glucose transport system in an activated state prevented its expression. Thus, the mechanism could involve rapid inactivation or sequestration of glucose transporters during deactivation such that they become refractory to the subsequent stimulatory effects of insulin. In conclusion, (a) insulin does not acutely induce a postreceptor defect in the glucose transport system of adipocytes without loss of cell-surface insulin receptors; (b) the defect in stimulated glucose transport has been induced distal to the insulin receptor via a mechanism linked to receptor loss; and (c) the postreceptor lesion is due to decreased number of intrinsic activity of glucose transporters on the cell-surface in the presence of a maximally effective insulin concentration. These data suggest that insulin receptor downregulation and postreceptor defects in insulin action, which frequently co-exist both in vivo and in vitro, may be linked mechanistically.
Recent advances in the cathode materials and solid-state electrolytes for lithium sulfur batteries (2022)

Lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) have sparked a lot of attention due to their high theoretical energy density and cost-effectiveness. However, several challenges, notably unstable cycle life and low sulfur consumption, have hampered the development of workable LSBs for commercial use. Most of these challenges arise from the cathode materials and liquid electrolytes. This mini-review attempts to highlight the current advancements in cathode materials and solid-state electrolytes for the development of next-generation LSBs.
Abstract 227: Inter-hospital Variation in Costs of Pediatric Cardiac Catheterization: An Analysis of the PHIS Database (2018)

Background: No previous studies have studied the variation in costs between hospitals for catheterization procedures performed in children. Variation in cost not explained by differences in case-mix can indicate opportunities to improve efficiency and quality of care. Methods: A multicenter observational study was performed, studying total hospital costs of 9 common transcatheter procedures (diagnostic procedures in 2 populations and 7 interventional procedures) performed between 2007-2015 at hospitals contributing data to the Pediatric Health Information Systems database. Mixed effects models were used to adjust costs for case mix and to assess inter-hospital variation. Bayesian methods were used to calculate risk-standardized costs for each hospital. Results: The study included 35,637 procedures from 43 hospitals. Median costs (US 2015 dollars) increased roughly with technical complexity, from $8,249 (heart transplant diagnostic catheterization) to $38,909 (transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement). There was significant inter-hospital variation in cost for each procedure ( p &lt;0.0001). After case mix-adjustment, the range of standardized costs remained broad (Table). These differences were not explained by differences in hospital catheterization volume. Conclusion: There is significant inter-hospital variation in costs of transcatheter procedures after case-mix adjustment. Exploring the etiology of these differences is an opportunity to improve care of children with heart disease.
ChemInform Abstract: Thiolysis and Hydrolysis of Imino and Iminium Triflates: Synthesis of Secondary and Tertiary Thioamides and 18O‐Labeled Amides. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Essential Noninvasive Multimodality Neuromonitoring for the Critically Ill Patient (2020)

This article is one of ten reviews selected from the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine 2020. Other selected articles can be found online at https://www.biomedcentral.com/collections/annualupdate2020. Further information about the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine is available from http://www.springer.com/series/8901.
Intersubband transition in (GaN)m/(AlN)n superlattices in the wavelength range from 1.08 to 1.61 μm (2002)

Intersubband transition (ISBT) in the wavelength range from 1.08 to 1.61 μm was systematically investigated in (GaN)m/(AlN)n superlattices (SLs), grown directly on (0001) sapphire substrates by rf-plasma molecular beam epitaxy. The SLs consisted of 90 periods of GaN wells (m=2∼10 monolayers (ML) in thickness) and AlN barriers (n∼11 ML). One ML corresponds to a thickness of around 2.6 Å. For a 3.3 ML GaN well, the ISBT absorption wavelength reached a minimum of 1.08 μm, close to a theoretically predicted limitation, and it increased monotonically up to 1.61 μm with increasing well thickness to 9.5 ML. We observed absorption spectra as narrow as 61 and 66 meV in linewidth for 1.55 and 1.37 μm samples, respectively.
Coagulation of Chitin and Cellulose from 1‐Ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium Acetate Ionic‐Liquid Solutions Using Carbon Dioxide (2013)

Die Chemisorption von Kohlendioxid durch 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazoliumacetat ([C2mim][OAc]) ist der Ausgangspunkt für die Koagulation von Chitin und Zellulose aus [C2mim][OAc]-Lösungen ohne Verwendung hochsiedender Fällungsmittel (wie Wasser oder Ethanol). Die Chemisorption von Kohlendioxid als alternativer Koagulationsprozess macht eine ökonomische und energieeffiziente Rückgewinnung der ionischen Flüssigkeit möglich.
Three-dimensional structure of the quorum-quenching N -acyl homoserine lactone hydrolase from Bacillus thuringiensis (2005)

The three-dimensional structure of the N-acyl-l-homoserine lactone hydrolase (AHL lactonase) from Bacillus thuringiensis has been determined, by using single-wavelength anomalous dispersion (SAD) phasing, to 1.6-angstroms resolution. AHLs are produced by many Gram-negative bacteria as signaling molecules used in quorum-sensing pathways that indirectly sense cell density and regulate communal behavior. Because of their importance in pathogenicity, quorum-sensing pathways have been suggested as potential targets for the development of novel therapeutics. Quorum-sensing can be disrupted by enzymes evolved to degrade these lactones, such as AHL lactonases. These enzymes are members of the metallo-beta-lactamase superfamily and contain two zinc ions in their active sites. The zinc ions are coordinated to a number of ligands, including a single oxygen of a bridging carboxylate and a bridging water/hydroxide ion, thought to be the nucleophile that hydrolyzes the AHLs to ring-opened products, which can no longer act as quorum signals.
Dictionary-based Optical Filter Selection for Multi-Application Spectral Signature Classification (2010)

We describe a method for selecting filter sets for simultaneously optimizing the classification rates in two separate spectral signature classification problems. Our system’s performance is comparable to traditional hyper-or multispectral classifiers, but uses fewer filters.
Exploiting distance based similarity in topic models for user intent detection (2011)

One of the main components of spoken language understanding is intent detection, which allows user goals to be identified. A challenging sub-task of intent detection is the identification of intent bearing phrases from a limited amount of training data, while maintaining the ability to generalize well. We present a new probabilistic topic model for jointly identifying semantic intents and common phrases in spoken language utterances. Our model jointly learns a set of intent dependent phrases and captures semantic intent clusters as distributions over these phrases based on a distance dependent sampling method. This sampling method uses proximity of words utterances when assigning words to latent topics. We evaluate our method on labeled utterances and present several examples of discovered semantic units. We demonstrate that our model outperforms standard topic models based on bag-of-words assumption.
Microfluidic nozzle device for ultrafine fiber solution blow spinning with precise diameter control (2018)

We present a microfluidic nozzle device for the controlled continuous solution blow spinning of ultrafine fibers. The device is fabricated by soft lithography techniques and is based on the principle of a gas dynamic virtual nozzle for precise three-dimensional gas focusing of the spinning solution. Uniform fibers with virtually endless length can be produced in a continuous process while having accurate control over the fiber diameter. The nozzle device is used to produce ultrafine fibers of perfluorinated copolymers and of polycaprolactone, which are collected and drawn on a rotating cylinder. Hydrodynamics and mass balance quantitatively predict the fiber diameter, which is only a function of flow rate and air pressure, with a small correction accounting for viscous dissipation during jet formation, which slightly reduces the jet velocity. Because of the simplicity of the setup, the precise control of the fiber diameter, the positional stability of the exiting ultrafine fiber and the potential to implement arrays of parallel channels for high throughput, this methodology offers significant benefits compared to existing solution-based fiber production methods.