gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SOI capacitor-less 1-transistor DRAM sensing scheme with automatic reference generation (2004)

Recently, the new concept of the capacitor-less 1T DRAM cell has been developed. The memory cell (MC) using a single transistor on SOI exploits the Floating Body (FB) effect of partially depleted (PD) SOI devices. The memory state can be read through the drain current of the storage transistors, i.e. I/sub 0/ and I/sub 1/ respectively. To read the information stored in a 1T DRAM cell, the current of the selected MC is compared to I/sub ref/ . In this paper, we propose a sensing method with automatic reference generation for SOI capacitor-less 1T DRAM. An adjustable current source is implemented as reference current source in order to sense the MC state. A digital-to-analog converter (DAC) and a successive approximation algorithm perform the calibration of I/sub ref/.
Introducing Carrier Localisation in Total Internal Reflection Optical Switches to Restrict Carrier Diffusion in the Guiding Layer (2006)

Previous total internal reflection based switches have suffered from the diffusion of carriers in the guiding layer leading to inefficient reflection and carrier injection. In our proposed device this problem is overcome by using a SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> barrier
Human cancer-associated fibroblasts enhance glutathione levels and antagonize drug-induced prostate cancer cell death (2017)

Drug resistance is a major problem in cancer therapy. A growing body of evidence demonstrates that the tumor microenvironment, including cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), can modulate drug sensitivity in tumor cells. We examined the effect of primary human CAFs on p53 induction and cell viability in prostate cancer cells on treatment with chemotherapeutic drugs. Co-culture with prostate CAFs or CAF-conditioned medium attenuated DNA damage and the p53 response to chemotherapeutic drugs and enhanced prostate cancer cell survival. CAF-conditioned medium inhibited the accumulation of doxorubicin, but not taxol, in prostate cancer cells in a manner that was associated with increased cancer cell glutathione levels. A low molecular weight fraction (<3 kDa) of CAF-conditioned medium had the same effect. CAF-conditioned medium also inhibited induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in both doxorubicin- and taxol-treated cancer cells. Our findings suggest that CAFs can enhance drug resistance in cancer cells by inhibiting drug accumulation and counteracting drug-induced oxidative stress. This protective mechanism may represent a novel therapeutic target in cancer.
Dielectrophoretic isolation of cells using 3D microelectrodes featuring castellated blocks (2015)

We present 3D microelectrodes featuring castellated blocks for dielectrophoretically isolating cells. These electrodes provide a more effective dielectrophoretic force field than thin-film surface electrodes and yet immobilize cells near stagnation points across a parabolic flow profile for enhanced cell viability and separation efficiency. Unlike known volumetric electrodes with linear profiles, the electrodes with structural variations introduced along their depth scale are versatile for constructing monolithic structures with readily integrated fluidic paths. This is exemplified here in the design of an interdigitated comb array wherein electrodes with castellated surfaces serve as building blocks and form digits with an array of fluidic pores. Activation of the design with low-voltage oscillations (±5 Vp, 400 kHz) is found adequate for retaining most viable cells (90.2% ± 3.5%) while removing nonviable cells (88.5% ± 5%) at an increased throughput (5 × 10(5) cells h(-1)). The electrodes, despite their intricate profile, are structured into single-crystal silicon through a self-aligned etching process without a precision layer-by-layer assembly.
Full-Field Functional Imaging of Nanoscale Dynamics Using Tabletop High Harmonics (2017)

We report the first stroboscopic full-field EUV microscope using high harmonics. Specifically, we demonstrate nanoscale movies of thermal and acoustic wave propagation in nanostructures with &amp;asymp;0.1nm axial resolution, 90nm lateral resolution, and 10fs time resolution.
Abstract A85: Concurrent targeting of glutamine and asparagine metabolism produces synergistic inhibition of tumor cell proliferation (2016)

Abstract One of the best characterized examples of metabolic changes occurring in a wide range of cancer cells is dependence on the non-essential amino acid glutamine. We identified requirements for several other non-essential amino acids, including asparagine, across a panel of glutamine-dependent and –independent breast and lung cancer cell lines. Glutamine and asparagine metabolism are tightly linked. Therefore, we hypothesized that concurrent targeting of the metabolism of these two non-essential amino acids could cooperatively interfere with tumor cell growth. Treatment with a glutaminase inhibitor, BPTES, and concurrent enzymatic depletion of asparagine produced a synergistic antiproliferative effect in many, but not all, cancer cell lines. Mechanistic data suggest that metabolic circuitry gets co-opted to maintain amino acid pools following combined targeting of glutamine and asparagine metabolism, resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction and redox imbalance. Following combination treatment, alterations in mitochondrial metabolism and cystine influx were observed, but overall amino acid levels remained surprisingly stable. These metabolic changes were reflected in cellular functional readouts as measured by Seahorse analysis and measurement of ROS levels. Importantly, they were also linked to the synergistic antiproliferative phenotype. Our results provide new mechanistic insight into the interplay between glutamine and asparagine metabolism in cancer cells and suggest that dual targeting of metabolically linked non-essential amino acids may be promising as a therapeutic strategy. Citation Format: Cicely L. Schramm, Zhi Xie, Erick Kindt, Wenlin Li, Fang Wang, Valeria R. Fantin. Concurrent targeting of glutamine and asparagine metabolism produces synergistic inhibition of tumor cell proliferation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Metabolism and Cancer; Jun 7-10, 2015; Bellevue, WA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2016;14(1_Suppl):Abstract nr A85.
rust-bio/rust-htslib: Version 0.15.0 of Rust-Htslib (2017)

This release makes <code>HeaderView</code> cloneable.
Studies on rotational axis estimation and analysis of figure skating jump using inertial sensors (2020)

This paper proposes the estimation method of rotational axis in figure skating jump using inertial sensors. The estimation method of rotational axis consists of components centrifugal, tangential and gravity accelerations and relationship between angular velocity and combining angular velocity, and this method estimates the pitch and yaw angles to the sensor coordinate system from the axis coordinate system and the roll and pitch angles to global coordinate system from the sensor coordinate system. We conducted the measurement experiment the triple flip jumps and the quadruple salchow jumps by the high-level figure skater using inertial sensors, and we estimated the rotational axis in the triple flip and quadruple salchow jumps. These results indicated the change of rotational axis during jump, and we indicated the difference of characteristics by the difference in success of jump.
Data integrity systems for organ contours in radiation therapy planning (2018)

The purpose of this research is to develop effective data integrity models for contoured anatomy in a radiotherapy workflow for both real-time and retrospective analysis. Within this study, two classes of contour integrity models were developed: data driven models and contiguousness models. The data driven models aim to highlight contours which deviate from a gross set of contours from similar disease sites and encompass the following regions of interest (ROI): bladder, femoral heads, spinal cord, and rectum. The contiguousness models, which individually analyze the geometry of contours to detect possible errors, are applied across many different ROI's and are divided into two metrics: Extent and Region Growing over volume. After analysis, we found that 70% of detected bladder contours were verified as suspicious. The spinal cord and rectum models verified that 73% and 80% of contours were suspicious respectively. The contiguousness models were the most accurate models and the Region Growing model was the most accurate submodel. 100% of the detected noncontiguous contours were verified as suspicious, but in the cases of spinal cord, femoral heads, bladder, and rectum, the Region Growing model detected additional two to five suspicious contours that the Extent model failed to detect. When conducting a blind review to detect false negatives, it was found that all the data driven models failed to detect all suspicious contours. The Region Growing contiguousness model produced zero false negatives in all regions of interest other than prostate. With regards to runtime, the contiguousness via extent model took an average of 0.2 s per contour. On the other hand, the region growing method had a longer runtime which was dependent on the number of voxels in the contour. Both contiguousness models have potential for real-time use in clinical radiotherapy while the data driven models are better suited for retrospective use.
Cover Picture: Structure–Activity Relationship Study of Spider Polyamine Toxins as Inhibitors of Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors (ChemMedChem 12/2014) (2014)

The front cover picture shows the structure–activity relationship study of Joro spider polyamine toxins JSTX-3 (top structure), NPTX-1 (middle structure) and NPTX-8 (bottom structure) as inhibitors of inotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs). Based on the three natural toxins and through newly developed solid-phase synthetic strategies, a library of 24 analogues was successfully prepared with systematic structural variation. Biological evaluation revealed the importance of each structural region in the toxins, and more importantly, three compounds were found to be both highly potent AMPA receptor antagonists and very selective for this receptor subtype over other iGluRs such as the NMDA receptor. For more details, see the Full Paper by Kristian Strømgaard et al. on p. 2661 ff.
Broadband GaN Class-E Power Amplifier for Load Modulated Delta Sigma and 5G Transmitter Applications (2018)

The paper presents a design of a broadband high-efficiency class-E power amplifier (PA) for the advanced efficiency enhancement architectures applications. A sequential load pull methodology to design broadband class-E power amplifiers using a packaged gallium nitride power transistor is presented. Two different broadband matching synthesis techniques have been proposed using lumped elements have been presented and implemented in the manuscript. A fourth-order low-pass impedance transformation topology is designed as the output matching network to provide the optimum load reflection coefficients in the targeted bandwidth (1.8-2.7 GHz). A combination of input and output matching network has been proposed in the manuscript to satisfy the given fractional bandwidth requirements. For practical validation, a Wolfspeed (Cree) CGH40025 package transistor has been used. Under continuous wave test condition the fabricated PA showed more than 50% power added efficiency (PAE) with up to 29 W output power for 40% fractional bandwidth from 1.8-2.7 GHz. Furthermore, the proposed broadband Class E PA is deployed in efficiency enhancement architecture like delta-sigma modulation based transmitters. The PA shows more than 48% PAE all over the frequency band when driven with a delta-sigma modulated LTE downlink signal while maintaining high signal quality and PA reliability.
Self-catalyzed growth of III-V nanowires on Si for high efficiency Tandem Solar Cell (2016)

December, 15-19
Orthogonal Persistence Revisited (2010)

The social and economic importance of large bodies of programs and data that are potentially long-lived has attracted much attention in the commercial and research communities. Here we concentrate on a set of methodologies and technologies called persistent programming. In particular we review programming language support for the concept of orthogonal persistence, a technique for the uniform treatment of objects irrespective of their types or longevity. While research in persistent programming has become unfashionable, we show how the concept is beginning to appear as a major component of modern systems. We relate these attempts to the original principles of orthogonal persistence and give a few hints about how the concept may be utilised in the future.
Secure Orthogonal Transform Division Multiplexing (OTDM) Waveform for 5G and Beyond (2017)

In this letter, a secure waveform design for future 5G wireless system is proposed. The developed waveform referred to as secure orthogonal transform division multiplexing (OTDM) waveform, is designed to diagonalize the multi-path channel matrix of only the legitimate receiver (Bob), while degrading eavesdropper’s reception. In particular, instead of using fixed exponential basis functions, generated by IFFT and FFT as in OFDM, orthogonal transform basis functions, which are extracted from the Bob’s channel, are utilized to modulate and demodulate the data symbols securely. The simulation results prove that the proposed design provides a significant practical security gap between the Bob’s and Eve’s performance. The design is shown to be robust against channel imperfection, and it neither sacrifices communication resources nor considers any knowledge on the eavesdropper’s channel. Besides security, the scheme results in a higher SNR, leading to a 3-5-dB gain over OFDM at BER = <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${10^{-3}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> .
Marsh migration in the coastal critical zone: Drivers and impacts of hydrological, biogeochemical, and ecological change (2023)

Ghost forests and abandoned farms are stark indicators of ecological change along world coastlines, caused by sea level rise (SLR). These changes adversely affect terrestrial ecosystems and economies, but expanding coastal marshes resulting from SLR also provide crucial ecosystem services such as carbon sequestration and mediate material fluxes to the ocean. We introduce a US-NSF Critical Zone Network project designed to untangle the hydrological, ecological, geomorphological, and biogeochemical processes that are altering the functioning of the marsh-upland transition in the coastal critical zone. We have instrumented six sites in the mid-Atlantic region of the US, along the coastlines of the Atlantic Ocean, Delaware Bay, and Chesapeake Bay where marshes are rapidly encroaching into forests and farmland. We have installed field sensors to observe the effects of slow hydrologic change (i.e. SLR) and fast episodic events such as high tides and storm surges on water levels, land surface elevation, salinity, redox conditions, and sap flow. We are coupling these measurements to laboratory experiments and analyses, as well as modeling to elucidate drivers and feedbacks in these complex and highly transient critical zone systems.
Oxygen Release Degradation in Li‐Ion Battery Cathode Materials: Mechanisms and Mitigating Approaches (2019)

Abstract Widespread application of Li‐ion batteries (LIBs) in large‐scale transportation and grid storage systems requires highly stable and safe performance of the batteries in prolonged and diverse service conditions. Oxygen release from oxygen‐containing positive electrode materials is one of the major structural degradations resulting in rapid capacity/voltage fading of the battery and triggering the parasitic thermal runaway events. Herein, the authors summarize the recent progress in understanding the mechanisms of the oxygen release phenomena and correlative structural degradations observed in four major groups of cathode materials: layered, spinel, olivine, and Li‐rich cathodes. In addition, the engineering and materials design approaches that improve the structural integrity of the cathode materials and minimize the detrimental O 2 evolution reaction are summarized. The authors believe that this review can guide researchers on developing mitigation strategies for the design of next‐generation oxygen‐containing cathode materials where the oxygen release is no longer a major degradation issue.
Chiral Cellulose Nanocrystals with Intercalated Amorphous Polysaccharides for Controlled Iridescence and Enhanced Mechanics (2020)

Abstract A unique case of combined enhanced mechanical performance and tunable structural color for chiral composites from cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) arises by adding nanofibrillar wood‐derived polymers with similar chemical compositions. When amorphous polysaccharides (pullulan, dextran, and xylan) are added, they intercalate seamlessly into the original helicoidal organization via interstitial volumes within nanocrystals and between nematic monolayers. The polysaccharides fill the available free volume in between packed nanocrystals until 40 wt% content is reached, with no phase separation occurring. Due to the inter‐nanocrystal intercalation, these natural polysaccharide–cellulose composites show a nearly twofold increase in toughness and modulus. Beyond improved mechanics, the preserved iridescence shows a dramatic red shift from blue to near‐infrared region, expanding the initial pitch length without disturbing the long‐range chiral ordering. In the mechanistic model suggested here, the individual backbones first form intercalated morphologies in the interstitial volumes between tightly packed nanocrystals. After this, the polysaccharides form a monolayer, and eventually double layer, between nanocrystal monolayers, thus incrementally “unwinding” initial chiral organization. The resulting CNC–polysaccharide films maintain their vivid iridescence with broad color appearance and are among the first entirely biobased composites to maintain iridescence with improved mechanics.
Fast neutron computed tomography of multi-material complex objects (2021)

Fast neutron Computed Tomography (nCT) is a powerful and non-invasive imaging modality that can be used to examine features and defects within low Z elements (such as plastic) hidden or shielded by high Z elements (such as tungsten, lead, or even stainless steel). This study built a fast neutron radiography and nCT system and explored various multi-material complex objects utilizing a fast neutron beam at The Ohio State University Research Reactor (OSURR), which provides ~5.4 x 10^7 n·cm-2·s-1 neutron flux at 1.6 MeV (median energy). The lens-based system includes an Electron Multiplying (EM) CCD camera, a light-tight enclosure, and a high light yield 1 cm thick Polyvinyl Toluene (PVT) scintillator provided by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). A variety of test exemplars were scanned, with the number of projections for each scan ranging from 90 to 180, covering either 180 or 360 degrees. The exposure time for each projection ranged down to one minute, enabling a full nCT scan within a few hours of operation at a 500-kW low power research reactor. 3D tomograms were constructed using Octopus reconstruction software. Results showed that not only could nCT projection data be successfully constructed into volume data, but good contrast between HDPE and a millimeter-sized tungsten ball could be obtained. The 3D tomography presents high contrast to clearly discern HDPE features and voids inside tungsten shielding that are not discernable using 2D radiography.
Integrated Video Analysis Framework for Vision-Based Comparison Study on Structural Displacement and Tilt Measurements (2021)

With the advancement and wide availability of digital video cameras, compounded with the development and enhancement of computer vision methods, vision-based sensing using a video camera as a sensor is promising to become a viable alternative and complementary approach to conventional structural health monitoring (SHM). Among many video analytics methods, no single method is effective for various practical SHM applications using a video camera as a sensor. Not only is it vitally important to understand the effectiveness and shortcomings of the methods, but also there is a need for developing an integrated framework and software tool to enable structural engineers to apply the suitable method for the SHM case at hand. To bridge the gap between the research and practical vision-based SHM applications, this paper presents a unified video analysis framework that integrates both the phase-based algorithm and template matching methods for processing SHM videos recorded using either industrial or consumer types of cameras. The methods have been implemented and integrated into a versatile software tool for extracting structural responses such as displacements, velocities, and accelerations at the points of interest on a structure. The integrated tool enables us to conduct a comparison study of displacement and tilt measurements for a reinforced concrete wall tested in a large structural laboratory and a highway bridge test in the field. The results obtained for the tests have been compared with measurements by conventional sensors. The comparison reveals the advantages and limitations of the phase-based algorithm and the template matching methods. The integrated framework, together with the lessons learned from the comprehensive comparison study, facilitates effective SHM applications using a video camera as a sensor in practice.
Method for Generating Peak Cancellation Signals in Complexity-Reduced PAPR Reduction Method Using Null Space in MIMO Channel for MIMO-OFDM Signals (2019)

In this paper, we investigate efficient methods for generating peak cancellation (PC) signals in a complexity-reduced algorithm for a peak-to-average power ration (PAPR) reduction method using the null space in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel for MIMO-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signals. The complexity-reduced algorithm performs vector-level signal processing in the PC signal in addition to the transmission signal at each transmitter antenna so that the PC signal is transmitted only to the null space in the MIMO channel. In this paper, we propose three methods to control the directional vector in the PC signal, which is a dominant factor in the achievable PAPR performance of the algorithm. Computer simulation results show that among the three methods, the method in which the ideal peak reduction vector is projected onto the null space in the MIMO channel to generate a directional vector in the PC signal achieves the best PAPR reduction performance for a given computational complexity.
On the Place of Text Data in Lifelogs, and Text Analysis via Semantic Facets (2016)

Current research in lifelog data has not paid enough attention to analysis of cognitive activities in comparison to physical activities. We argue that as we look into the future, wearable devices are going to be cheaper and more prevalent and textual data will play a more significant role. Data captured by lifelogging devices will increasingly include speech and text, potentially useful in analysis of intellectual activities. Analyzing what a person hears, reads, and sees, we should be able to measure the extent of cognitive activity devoted to a certain topic or subject by a learner. Test-based lifelog records can benefit from semantic analysis tools developed for natural language processing. We show how semantic analysis of such text data can be achieved through the use of taxonomic subject facets and how these facets might be useful in quantifying cognitive activity devoted to various topics in a person's day. We are currently developing a method to automatically create taxonomic topic vocabularies that can be applied to this detection of intellectual activity.