gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Short O–O separation in layered oxide Na 0.67 CoO 2 enables an ultrafast oxygen evolution reaction (2019)

The layered oxide Na<sub>0.67</sub>CoO<sub>2</sub> with Na<sup>+</sup> occupying trigonal prismatic sites between CoO<sub>2</sub> layers exhibits a remarkably high room temperature oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity in alkaline solution. The high activity is attributed to an unusually short O-O separation that favors formation of peroxide ions by O<sup>-</sup>-O<sup>-</sup> interactions followed by O<sub>2</sub> evolution in preference to the conventional route through surface O-OH<sup>-</sup> species. The dependence of the onset potential on the pH of the alkaline solution was found to be consistent with the loss of H<sup>+</sup> ions from the surface oxygen to provide surface O<sup>-</sup> that may either be attacked by solution OH<sup>-</sup> or react with another O<sup>-</sup>; a short O-O separation favors the latter route. The role of a strong hybridization of the O-2<i>p</i> and low-spin Co<sup>III</sup>/Co<sup>IV</sup> π-bonding <i>d</i> states is also important; the OER on other Co<sup>III</sup>/Co<sup>IV</sup> oxides is compared with that on Na<sub>0.67</sub>CoO<sub>2</sub> as well as that on IrO<sub>2</sub>.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Carbocyclic 2′,3′‐Dideoxy‐2′‐C‐hydroxymethyl Nucleosides as Potential Inhibitors of HIV. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A FEMORAL WINDOW FOR CEMENT REMOVAL: ANOTHER CLUB IN YOUR BAG (2014)

Removal of a long cement mantle that is well fixed distally during total hip revision can be a technically demanding procedure with many potential complications. The extended femoral slot offers a technique that allows direct visualisation during cement removal while maintaining an intact femoral tube. The proximal end of the femur is exposed taking care to remove all soft tissue that might prevent removal of the loose femoral component. The loose femoral component is removed using thin osteotomes and a femoral extraction device as needed. The proximal cement mantle is removed under direct vision to the level of the flare of the greater trochanter. The outside of the femoral shaft below the flare of the greater trochanter is exposed by splitting the vastus lateralis. Pre-operative measurements are imperative to determine the distal level of the cement mantle. An extended rectangular slot approximately 1.5cm wide is made in the anterolateral aspect of the femur starting just below the flare of the greater trochanter and continuing to the level of the distal aspect of the cement mantle. This can be done using a pencil-tipped burr on the Midas Rex or an oscillating saw. The rectangular strip of bone is removed and saved to be replaced and secured with cerclage technique during closure. The entire cement mantle is removed under direct vision using osteotomes and other cement removing instruments as needed. The opened femoral canal is then reamed to accept a new revision femoral component. The extended femoral slot is a safe and effective technique for cement removal during revision hip arthroplasty in selected cases. It is not used when there is varus deformity of the proximal femur but in selected cases is an alternative to the extended greater trochanteric osteotomy and preserves the circumference of the femoral tube.
Portable low-cost 32-channel ultrasound research system (2020)

We developed a portable low cost ultrasound research system. It provides access to pre-beamformed channel data from 32 channels and custom algorithms can be integrated into the real-time processing pipeline. Communication with a PC/tablet is realized with a standard USB-C interface. Up to 300 frames/s of pre-beamformed channel data can be transferred with a sampling rate of 40 MSa/s (@12 bit). Software interfaces and an SDK are available for integration in third party applications. The system's imaging performance was characterized with a 2,9 MHz 32 element phased array transducer. A lateral resolution in the range of 800 μm was measured on phantoms. An image depths of 16 cm could be confirmed on a CIRS multipurpose phantom and in vivo (imaging of the bladder on volunteers).
Influence of Cytokines on the Growth Kinetics and Immunophenotype of Daughter Cells Resulting From the First Division of Single CD34+Thy-1+lin− Cells (1998)

There is a need to determine whether culture conditions may exist for ex vivo expansion of hematopoeitic stem cells (HSC), which favor solely proliferative self-renewal of HSC as opposed to proliferation with differentiation. Using single cells, we studied the effects of individual and combinations of cytokines in serum-free medium on the kinetics of the first cell doubling and the resulting phenotype of each of individual daughter cell. CD34(+)Thy-1(+)lin- cells were plated 1 cell per well in Terasaki plates in serum-free medium containing cytokines. Each well containing a single cell was monitored daily over 7 days for maintenance, division, or death. When division occurred in an individual well, the phenotype of the daughter cells was determined by staining with anti-CD34 fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)- and phycoerythrin (PE)-conjugated lineage specific antibodies. The cumulative percent of wells with an undivided single cell, wells in which the cell had divided, and wells in which the cell had died were scored. The number of doublets with conserved phenotype (CD34(+)lin-) was compared to those wells with one or more differentiated daughter cells (CD34(+)lin+). Over 7 days, cells cultured in single factors showed that between 13% (interleukin-6 [IL-6]) and 29% (thrombopoietin [TPO]) of the cells were undivided, between 13% (IL-1) and 35% (TPO) of the cells doubled, and between 35% (TPO) and greater than 60% (IL-11, IL-1, or hepatocyte growth factor [HGF]) died. When combinations of cytokines were used over 7 days, between 5% (FLT-3 ligand [FLT-3L], stem cell factor [SCF], IL-3, IL-6, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor [G-CSF], beta nerve growth factor [betaNGF]) and 22% (FLT-3L + HGF) of the cells remained undivided, between 15% (HGF, IL-1, IL-11, G-CSF) and 68% (SCF + TPO) of the cells had doubled and between 27% (FLT-3L + TPO) and 70% (HGF, IL-1, IL-11, G-CSF) died. The combination of FLT-3L + TPO induced the highest total percent (64. 6%) of cells with conserved phenotype (percent conserved doublets + percent with 1 cell conserved), followed by SCF + TPO, (50%) and the combination of FLT-3L, SCF, IL-3, IL-6, G-CSF, betaNGF (53%). These combinations also produced the highest yield of cells with conserved phenotype after one division (FLT-3L + TPO - 81 cells/100 initial cells, SCF + TPO - 68 cells/100 initial cells) (P =.01). Observation of the time of the initial cell division and phenotype of the daughter cells allowed us to identify candidate combinations of cytokines that promote maintenance of lin- cells (TPO), or recruit the primitive cells to divide and undergo phenotypic self-renewal (FLT-3L + TPO, SCF + TPO).
Monte Carlo Simulations of Stable Point Defects in Hybrid Nematic Films (1997)

Monte Carlo (MC) simulations based exclusively on nearest-neighbor intermolecular interactions reveal the existence of stable long-range deformations and topological defects in a thin nematic film confined between two surfaces with antagonistic (normal and tangential) molecular orientations. Thus the MC technique allows one to describe a delicate balance of bulk elasticity and surface energy usually treated only with macroscopic theories.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Endogenous Two-Photon Fluorescence Imaging Elucidates Metabolic Changes Related to Enhanced Glycolysis and Glutamine Consumption in Precancerous Epithelial Tissues (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 139KB, Representative histological staining of cytokeratin 14 (K14), cytokeratin 10 (K10), involucrin (INV) and loricrin (LOR) for each type of EETE.&lt;/p&gt;
Diagnosis: History, Physical Examination, Imaging, and Arthroscopy: Proceedings of the International Consensus Meeting on Cartilage Repair of the Ankle (2018)

This international consensus derived from leaders in the field will assist clinicians in the diagnosis of cartilage injuries of the ankle.
Transition-state modeling of the aldol reaction of boron enolates: a force field approach (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTransition-state modeling of the aldol reaction of boron enolates: a force field approachAnna Bernardi, Anna M. Capelli, Cesare Gennari, Jonathan M. Goodman, and Ian PatersonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 11, 3576–3581Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00298a038https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00298a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views583Altmetric-Citations64LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
A Rapid Surface Intervention Process to Kill Listeria innocua on Catfish Using Cycles of Vacuum and Steam (2001)

ABSTRACT: The vacuum/steam/vacuum surface intervention process was applied to catfish surface inoculated with Listeria innocua. Studies were performed to determine the optimum process conditions of steam temperature, steam time, and number of cycles. Cycling the treatment significantly improved the microbiological kill. At the optimum conditions of steam time of 0.05 to 0.10 s at 143 °C and with 4 cycles, bacterial kill in excess of 2‐log cfu/ml (colony forming units/ml) was attained. The surface intervention process should ensure that catfish reaching the consumer have greatly reduced levels or are free of Listeria contamination.
The CM carbonaceous chondrite regolith Diepenveen (2019)

Abstract A carbonaceous chondrite was recovered immediately after the fall near the village of Diepenveen in the Netherlands on October 27, 1873, but came to light only in 2012. Analysis of sodium and poly‐aromatic hydrocarbon content suggests little contamination from handling. Diepenveen is a regolith breccia with an overall petrology consistent with a CM classification. Unlike most other CM chondrites, the bulk oxygen isotopes are extremely 16 O rich, apparently dominated by the signature of anhydrous minerals, distributed on a steep slope pointing to the domain of intrinsic CM water. A small subset plots closer to the normal CM regime, on a parallel line 2 ‰ lower in δ 17 O. Different lithologies in Diepenveen experienced varying levels of aqueous alteration processing, being less aqueously altered at places rather than more heated. The presence of an agglutinate grain and the properties of methanol‐soluble organic compounds point to active impact processing of some of the clasts. Diepenveen belongs to a CM clan with ~5 Ma CRE age, longer than most other CM chondrites, and has a relatively young K‐Ar resetting age of ~1.5 Ga. As a CM chondrite, Diepenveen may be representative of samples soon to be returned from the surface of asteroid (162173) Ryugu by the Hayabusa2 spacecraft.
In vivo high resolution three-dimensional imaging of antigen-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte trafficking to tumors. (2003)

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows noninvasive and three-dimensional visualization of whole organisms over time, and, therefore, would be ideally suited to monitor cell trafficking in vivo. Until now, systemically injected cells had been difficult to visualize by MRI because of relatively inefficient labeling methods. We developed a novel, biocompatible, and physiologically inert nanoparticle (highly derivatized cross-linked iron oxide nanoparticle; CLIO-HD) for highly efficient intracellular labeling of a variety of cell types that now allows in vivo MRI tracking of systemically injected cells at near single-cell resolution. CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes labeled with CLIO-HD were detectable via MRI with a detection threshold of 2 cells/voxel in vitro and approximately 3 cells/voxel in vivo in live mice. Using B16-OVA melanoma and CLIO-HD-labeled OVA-specific CD8+ T cells, we have demonstrated for the first time high resolution imaging of T-cell recruitment to intact tumors in vivo. We have revealed the extensive three-dimensional spatial heterogeneity of T-cell recruitment to target tumors and demonstrated a temporal regulation of T-cell recruitment within the tumor. Significantly, our data indicate that serial administrations of CD8+ T cells appear to home to different intratumoral locations, and may, therefore, provide a more effective treatment regimen than a single bolus administration. Together, these results demonstrate that CLIO-HD is uniquely suited for quantitative repetitive MRI of adoptively transferred cells and that this approach may be particularly useful for evaluating novel cell-based therapies in vivo.
Chronic cardiotoxicity of anticancer anthracyclines in the rat: role of secondary metabolites and reduced toxicity by a novel anthracycline with impaired metabolite formation and reactivity (2003)

(1) The anticancer anthracycline doxorubicin (DOX) causes cardiomyopathy upon chronic administration. There is controversy about whether DOX acts directly or after conversion to its secondary alcohol metabolite DOXol. Here, the role of secondary alcohol metabolites was evaluated by treating rats with cumulative doses of DOX or analogues--like epirubicin (EPI) and the novel disaccharide anthracycline MEN 10755--which were previously shown to form less alcohol metabolites than DOX when assessed in vitro. (2) DOX induced electrocardiographic and haemodynamic alterations, like elongation of QalphaT or SalphaT intervals and suppression of isoprenaline-induced dP/dt increases, which developed in a time-dependent manner and were accompanied by cardiomegaly, histologic lesions and mortality. EPI caused less progressive or severe effects, whereas MEN 10755 caused essentially no effect. (3) DOX and EPI exhibited comparable levels of cardiac uptake, but EPI formed approximately 60% lower amounts of its alcohol metabolite EPIol at 4 and 13 weeks after treatment suspension (P<0.001 vs DOX). MEN 10755 exhibited the lowest levels of cardiac uptake; hence, it converted to its alcohol metabolite MEN 10755ol approximately 40% less efficiently than did EPI to EPIol at either 4 or 13 weeks. Cardiotoxicity did not correlate with myocardial levels of DOX or EPI or MEN 10755, but correlated with those of DOXol or EPIol or MEN 10755ol (P=0.008, 0.029 and 0.017, respectively). (4) DOX and EPI inactivated cytoplasmic aconitase, an enzyme containing an Fe-S cluster liable to disassembly induced by anthracycline secondary alcohol metabolites. DOX caused greater inactivation of aconitase than EPI, a finding consistent with the higher formation of DOXol vs EPIol. MEN 10755 did not inactivate aconitase, which was because of both reduced formation and impaired reactivity of MEN 10755ol toward the Fe-S cluster. Aconitase inactivation correlated (P<0.01) with the different levels of cardiotoxicity induced by DOX or EPI or MEN 10755. (5) These results show that (i) secondary alcohol metabolites are important determinants of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity, and (ii) MEN 10755 is less cardiotoxic than DOX or EPI, a behaviour attributable to impaired formation and reactivity of its alcohol metabolite.
Low-cost quantitative palpation device for breast lesion tracking and telehealth (2014)

Evaluation of tissues by palpation has been a regular part of physical examination for generations yet it relies on the experience and judgment of a clinician to derive clinical meaning from the sense of touch. Palpation of breast tissues is universally considered a key component in early detection and improving breast cancer outcomes, especially in low- and middle-income countries. We describe a diagnostic device based on an optical tonometer that uses an optical signal and a highly deformable elastomer to quantify the differential mechanical stiffness of interrogated tissues. Preliminary analyses of video and still images from palpation, both in-vivo and with synthetic analog tissues, with the system are described. This system offers an economical alternative to expensive imaging with the ability to be deployed on a mobile phone platform.
Aggregation Dynamics in Overlay Networks and Their Implications for Self-Organized Distributed Applications (2008)

In this paper, we investigate the global self-aggregation dynamics arising from local decision-based rewiring of an overlay network, used as an abstraction for an autonomic service-oriented architecture. We measure the ability of a selected set of local rules to foster self-organization of what is originally a random graph into a structured network. Scalability issues with respect to the key parameters of system size and diversity are extensively discussed. Conflicting goals are introduced, in the form of a population of nodes actively seeking to acquire neighbours of a type different from their own, resulting in decreased local homogeneity. We show that a ‘secondary’ self-organization process ensues, whereby nodes spontaneously cluster according to their implicit objective. Finally, we introduce dynamic goals by making the preferred neighbour type a function of the local characteristics of a simulated workload. We demonstrate that in this context, an overlay rewiring process based purely on local decisions and interactions can result in efficient load-balancing without central planning. We conclude by discussing the implications of our findings for the design of future distributed applications, the likely influence of other factors and of extreme parameter values on the ability of the system to self-organize and the potential improvements to our framework.
A Multi-Frequency Investigation of Air-to-Ground Urban Propagation Using a GPU-Based Ray Launching Algorithm (2021)

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV), also known as “drones”, are attracting increasing attention as enablers for many technical applications and services, and this trend is likely to continue in the next future. When compared to conventional terrestrial communications, those making use of UAVs as base- or relay-stations can definitely be more useful and flexible in reaction to specific events, like natural disasters and terrorist attacks. Among the many and different fields, UAV enabled communications emerge as one of the most promising solutions for next-generation mobile networks, with a special focus on the extension of coverage and capacity of mobile radio networks. Motivated by the air-to-ground (A2G) propagation conditions which are likely to be different than those experienced by traditional ground communication systems, this paper aims at investigating the narrowband properties of the air-to-ground channel for 5G communications and beyond by means of GPU accelerated ray launching simulations. Line of sight probability as well as path loss exponent and shadowing standard deviations are analysed for different UAV flight levels, frequencies and dense urban scenarios, and for different types of on board antennas. Thanks to the flexibility of the ray approach, the role played by the different electromagnetic interactions, namely reflection, diffraction and diffuse scattering, in the air-to-ground propagation process is also investigated. Computation time is reported as well to show that designing UAV communication networks and optimising their performances in a fast and reliable manner, might avoid exhausting – multiple - measurement campaigns.
Multilevel fast Physical Optics algorithm for reflector antennas (2005)

A multilevel fast physical optics (FPO) algorithm for computation of the radiation patterns of reflector antennas via hierarchical domain decomposition is presented. The multilevel computation essentially reduces to the aggregation of radiation patterns of increasingly larger sub-domains, starting with the direct evaluation of radiation characteristics of small radiating sub-domains and ending with the whole reflector. Numerical results demonstrate that even with a simple cubic interpolation the proposed FPO approach provides a large speedup without degrading the accuracy of the resulting radiation patterns.
Effect of Number of Electrodes Used to Elicit Electrical Stapedius Reflex Thresholds in Cochlear Implants (2021)

eSRT profiles based on 1- or 4-electrode stimulation can be used to determine comfortable loudness level on either individual or a subset of electrodes, and 15-electrode eSRT profiles can be used to determine the upper bound of electrical stimulation that can be used in a speech coding strategy.
Structure–Transport Properties Governing the Interplay in Humidity-Dependent Mixed Ionic and Electronic Conduction of Conjugated Polyelectrolytes (2022)

Polymeric mixed ionic-electronic conductors (MIECs) are of broad interest in the field of energy storage and conversion, optoelectronics, and bioelectronics. A class of polymeric MIECs are conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs), which possess a π-conjugated backbone imparting electronic transport characteristics along with side chains composed of a pendant ionic group to allow for ionic transport. Here, our study focuses on the humidity-dependent structure-transport properties of poly[3-(potassium-<i>n</i>-alkanoate) thiophene-2,5-diyl] (P3K<i>n</i>T) CPEs with varied side-chain lengths of <i>n</i> = 4-7. UV-vis spectroscopy along with electronic paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy reveals that the infiltration of water leads to a hydrated, self-doped state that allows for electronic transport. The resulting humidity-dependent ionic conductivity (σ<sub>i</sub>) of the thin films shows a monotonic increase with relative humidity (RH) while electronic conductivity (σ<sub>e</sub>) follows a non-monotonic profile. The values of σ<sub>e</sub> continue to rise with increasing RH reaching a local maximum after which σ<sub>e</sub> begins to decrease. P3K<i>n</i>Ts with higher <i>n</i> values demonstrate greater resiliency to increasing RH before suffering a decrease in σ<sub>e</sub>. This drop in σ<sub>e</sub> is attributed to two factors. First, disruption of the locally ordered π-stacked domains observed through in situ humidity-dependent grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) experiments can account for some of the decrease in σ<sub>e</sub>. A second and more dominant factor is attributed to the swelling of the amorphous domains where electronic transport pathways connecting ordered domains are impeded. P3K7T is most resilient to swelling (based on ellipsometry and water uptake measurements) where sufficient hydration allows for high σ<sub>i</sub> (1.0 × 10<sup>-1</sup> S/cm at 95% RH) while not substantially disrupting σ<sub>e</sub> (1.7 × 10<sup>-2</sup> S/cm at 85% RH and 8.0 × 10<sup>-3</sup> S/cm at 95% RH). Overall, our study highlights the complexity of balancing electronic and ionic transport in hydrated CPEs.