gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polarization-dependent loss and birefringence in long-period fiber gratings (2003)

Widely used descriptions and relationships for birefringence and polarization-dependent loss (PDL), developed primarily for ultraviolet-induced long-period fiber gratings (LPFGs) written in optical fiber, can be invalid for other types of LPFG. The understanding of PDL is expanded to include LPFGs with birefringence in the core only, in the cladding only, and in both the core and the cladding. Equations that link resonant wavelength separation, one factor that determines PDL, and birefringence for the three categories are presented, along with relevant approximations. Measurement results for two LPFGs fabricated by different techniques are presented that illustrate the effect of birefringence on PDL.
Graphite minority carriers. (1971)

It is demonstrated that there are (at least) two sets of minority carriers in graphite, which are essentially the same for both natural single crystals and for pyrolytic samples. Both materials have similar minority carrier de Haas-van Alphen periods as a function of the angle between the C axis and the magnetic field.
Design and Analysis of Update-Based Cache Coherence Protocols for Scalable Shared-Memory Multiprocessors (1995)

This dissertation examines the performance difference between invalidate-based and update-based cache coherence protocols for scalable shared-memory multiprocessors. The first portion of the dissertation reviews cache coherence. First, chapter 1 describes the cache coherence problem and identifies the two classes of cache coherence protocols, invalidate-based and update-based. The chapter also reviews bus-based protocols and reviews the additional requirements placed on the protocols to extend them to scalable systems. Next, chapter 2 reviews two latency tolerating techniques, relaxed memory consistency models and software-controlled data prefetch, and examines their impact on the cache coherence protocols. Finally, chapter 3 reviews the details of three invalidate-based protocols defined in the literature and defines two new update-based protocols. The second portion of this dissertation examines the performance differences between invalidate-based and update-based protocols. First, chapter 4...
A Piggyback System for Joint Entity Mention Detection and Linking in Web Queries (2016)

In this paper we study the problem of linking open-domain web-search queries towards entities drawn from the full entity inventory of Wikipedia articles. We introduce SMAPH-2, a second-order approach that, by piggybacking on a web search engine, alleviates the noise and irregularities that characterize the language of queries and puts queries in a larger context in which it is easier to make sense of them. The key algorithmic idea underlying SMAPH-2 is to first discover a candidate set of entities and then link-back those entities to their mentions occurring in the input query. This allows us to confine the possible concepts pertinent to the query to only the ones really mentioned in it. The link-back is implemented via a collective disambiguation step based upon a supervised ranking model that makes one joint prediction for the annotation of the complete query optimizing directly the F1 measure. We evaluate both known features, such as word embeddings and semantic relatedness among entities, and several novel features such as an approximate distance between mentions and entities (which can handle spelling errors). We demonstrate that SMAPH-2 achieves state-of-the-art performance on the [email protected] benchmark. We also publish GERDAQ (General Entity Recognition, Disambiguation and Annotation in Queries), a novel, public dataset built specifically for web-query entity linking via a crowdsourcing effort. SMAPH-2 outperforms the benchmarks by comparable margins also on GERDAQ.
In Vivo Biocompatibility of Sulfonated PEO‐grafted Polyurethanes for Polymer Heart Valve and Vascular Graft (2006)

Sulfonated poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-grafted polyurethane (PU) (PU-PEO-SO(3)) prepared by bulk modification was used to coat both PU heart valves and vascular grafts, and their in vivo biocompatibility was evaluated using a canine shunt method. The two devices were implanted for up to 39 days and retrieved at specific time points for the analysis of blood compatibility, biostability, and calcium deposition. When the surface of the retrieved specimens was examined using scanning electron microscopy, platelet adhesion and thrombus formation appeared to be significantly lesser formed on the PU-PEO-SO(3)-coated implants, compared with the untreated PUs. While molecular weights of untreated PUs were found by gel permeation chromatography to be decreased after 39 days from implantation, the same remained barely changed with the PU-PEO-SO(3)-coated ones. The inductively coupled plasma study indicated that the amount of deposited calcium was significantly reduced in the surface-modified PU implants. The efficacy of PU-PEO-SO(3)-coated implants in terms of blood compatibility, biostability, and calcification resistance may render them as a promising biomedical material in the application for blood/tissue-contacting tissues and organs.
Eutectic Synthesis of the P2-Type NaxFe1/2Mn1/2O2 Cathode with Improved Cell Design for Sodium-Ion Batteries (2020)

An engaging area of research in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) has been focusing on discovery, design, and synthesis of high-capacity cathode materials in order to boost energy density to levels close enough to that of state-of-the-art lithium-ion batteries. Of particular interest, P2-type layered oxide, Na<sub>2/3</sub>Fe<sub>1/2</sub>Mn<sub>1/2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, has been researched as a potential cathode in SIBs based on its high theoretical capacity of 260 mA h/g and use of noncritical materials. However, the reported synthesis methods are not only complex and energy-demanding but also often yield inhomogeneous and impure materials with capacities less than 200 mA h/g under impractical test conditions. Here, we report a novel synthesis route using low-temperature eutectic reaction to produce highly homogeneous, crystalline, and impurity-free P2-Na<sub><i>x</i></sub>Fe<sub>1/2</sub>Mn<sub>1/2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> with enhanced Na-ion diffusivity and kinetics. The overall electrochemical performances of the Na-ion cells have been improved by pairing the P2-cathode with presodiated hard carbon anodes, leading to reversible capacities in the range of 180 mA h/g. This new approach is a contribution toward the simplification of synthesis and scalability of sodium-based cathodes with high crystallinity and fine-tuned morphology and the realization of a sodium-ion battery system with lower cost and improved electrochemical performance.
Economic Value of Anti–Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Treatment for Patients With Wet Age-Related Macular Degeneration in the United States (2019)

This study's findings suggest that improved vision associated with anti-VEGF treatment may provide economic value to patients and society if the outcomes match published outcomes data used in these analyses; however, future innovations that increase treatment utilization may result in added economic benefit.
Thermal Conductivity of Polyimide/Nanofiller Blends (2006)

In efforts to improve the thermal conductivity of Ultem(TM) 1000, it was compounded with three carbon based nano-fillers. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), vapor grown carbon nanofibers (CNF) and expanded graphite (EG) were investigated. Ribbons were extruded to form samples in which the nano-fillers were aligned. Samples were also fabricated by compression molding in which the nano-fillers were randomly oriented. The thermal properties were evaluated by DSC and TGA, and the mechanical properties of the aligned samples were determined by tensile testing. The degree of dispersion and alignment of the nanoparticles were investigated with high-resolution scanning electron microscopy. The thermal conductivity of the samples was measured in both the direction of alignment as well as perpendicular to that direction using the Nanoflash technique. The results of this study will be presented.
Molecular Magnetic Resonance and Ultrasound Imaging of Tumor Angiogenesis (2017)

International audience
Improved machine learning techniques for low complexity MPEG-2 to H.264 transcoding using optimized codecs (2009)

This paper discusses techniques for efficiently implementing a Mpeg-2 to H.264 video transcoder. The transcoding results reported in the literature are based on a reference implementation and may not reflect the true performance gains obtained in real world systems. We have developed low complexity transcoding algorithms and have implemented these solutions using highly optimized encoder and decoder implementations available from Intel. The transcoding algorithms are based on exploiting the mode decision knowledge inherent in the decoded MPEG-2 data. Machine learning techniques are used to make accurate and low-complexity H.264 MB encoding mode decisions. The results show that the proposed transcoder reduces the complexity by 50% without a significant loss in PSNR. This performance improvement in production quality transcoders, and demonstrates the practicality of machine learning based video transcoding algorithms.
Photogeneration of high pretilt angles of nematic liquid crystals by azobenzene-containing polymer films (1999)

A vertically aligned (VA) type of nematic liquid-crystal (LC) cell was explored using photoirradiated thin films of a polymethacrylate with mesogenic moieties of 4-trifluoromethoxyazobenzene as side chains. Optical anisotropy was generated by slantwise irradiation of films of the polymer with nonpolarized ultraviolet light, followed by annealing treatment to enhance the photodichroism which displayed thermal stability. The photoirradiated films brought about high pretilt angles of the LC so that a VA-type LC cell was fabricated. The cell exhibited electro-optical properties with excellent optical quality on applying voltages even after heating at 100 °C for several hours.
Treatment of inoperable gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) with Imatinib (Glivec, Gleevec). (2002)

Imatinib is the first effective systemic therapy for advanced GIST.
Restoration of bilinearly distorted images 3: Constrained least-squares method (1983)

A constrained least-squares solution based on a second difference smoothing measure is obtained for images which are distorted by a bilinear (quadratic and with nonzero memory) system in the presence of additive signal-independent noise. Results are applied to a partially coherent diffraction-limited imaging system. It is found that the optimum weight given to the smoothness factor is larger for a coherent (nonlinear) system than for an incoherent (linear) system. However, the restoration quality improves as the imaging system approaches incoherence.
Fabrication and characterization of L1/sub 0/-ordered FePt/AlO/FeCo magnetic tunnel junctions (2005)

Magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) with an L1/sub 0/-ordered FePt alloy were fabricated and characterized. As a bottom electrode, an in-plane magnetized L1/sub 0/ FePt(110) layer was grown epitaxially on an Au buffer layer. A multiple oxidation process was used for the formation of Al oxide barriers. The L1/sub 0/-FePt/AlO/FeCo MTJ prepared shows tunnel magnetoresistance of 18% and 40% at room temperature (RT) and 4.2 K, respectively. The observed RT magnetoresistance is improved, compared to the previously reported results for the L1/sub 0/-FePt MTJs by a conventional single oxidation process.
Synthesis of hierarchical ZSM-48 nano-zeolites (2018)

A specific gemini-type surfactant that acts as dual functions template to generate *MRE-type zeolitic micropores and mesopores simultaneously.
110GHz Through-Silicon Via’s Integrated in Silicon Photonics Interposers for Next-Generation Optical Modules (2021)

We report Through-Si Via’s (TSV) with RF bandwidth beyond 110GHz integrated in a Silicon Photonics interposer, targeting next-generation optical modules operating at 100Gbaud data rates. Showcasing low RF loss, high-quality data transmission is demonstrated at 112Gb/s NRZ data rate for test structures including two TSVs.
Visualization experiment on pump-out phenomena of thermal grease under thermal cycling (2016)

In order to reduce thermal resistance of power module system, Thermal Interface Materials (TIMs) have been used at the interface between baseplate of power module and heat sink. TIMs have an important role to reduce thermal resistances due to solid surfaces with roughness or waviness. Thermal grease is a primary candidate to fill the gap between them. The grease can be pumped out of the gap during thermal cycling while the grease has the advantages of reduced cost compared to the other TIMs and TIM’s thickness. New reliability test of the grease is required for thermal management as the pump-out phenomena cause an increase of the thermal contact resistances. This study shows a visualization test method to evaluate pump-out phenomena of the grease during thermal cycling. A bimetal plate consisting of copper and invar is used to simulate thermal deformation of baseplate in power module. The grease is filled between the bimetal plate and Al thick plate, and then thermal cycling test is conducted. A 25 MHz ultrasonic imaging is used to visualize the grease layer. The ultrasonic images show a sequence of the grease behavior after the thermal cycling. The ultrasonic imaging results indicate that voids occur in non-curing grease under repeated pressure while cracks are detected in curing grease. It is also found that the curing grease layer applied in power devices can be designed by the evaluation of initial thermal contact resistances at the interface. Sensitivity analysis of correlated factors shows pump-out phenomena are strongly affected by curing of grease.
In-line liquid crystal microcell polarimeters and waveplates for high speed polarization analysis and control (2004)

Design, fabrication, and performance of high speed in-line microcell waveplates based on nematic liquid crystals are reported. These devices show excellent performance when implemented for DOP and SOP measurement and for PMD compensation in 40 Gb/s system tests.
Internal barriers to rotation in 2,6-difluoroisopropyl and 2,6-difluoroethylbenzenes. Overlap of dynamic nuclear magnetic resonance (DNMR) and the J method (1982)

The temperature-dependent 19 F nmr spectra of 2,6-difluoroisopropylbenzene yield [Formula: see text], ΔH ≠ , and ΔS ≠ as 6.93 (5) kcal/mol, 6.1(1) kcal/mol, and −5.0(8) cal/mol K, respectively, for the internal rotation of the isopropyl group about the sp 2 –sp 3 carbon–carbon bond. The long-range spin–spin coupling constant over six bonds, 6 J p H,CH , combined with the J method gives a twofold internal potential barrier of 5.0 ± 1.6 kcal/mol at 305 K. Although in this barrier range the J method suffers from large errors, the two methods yield comparable values for the barrier height. The lineshape method is inapplicable to 2,6-difluoroefhylbenzene. The J method finds the preferred conformation and a twofold barrier of 6.0 ± 2 kcal/mol, again in a barrier region where this method is inaccurate. Relative to hydrogen, the fluorine substituents cause substantial increases in the barriers to internal rotation. Signs of the stereospecific couplings, 4 J o F,CH , are determined.
0.4&#x2013;6 GHz,17-dBm B1dB, 36-dBm IIP3 channel-selecting, low-noise amplifier for SAW-less 3G/4G FDD receivers (2015)

A channel-selecting, low-noise amplifier (CSLNA) is presented that meets the requirements for a SAW-less diversity path receiver in frequency-division duplexing (FDD) cellular systems. An N-path filter is incorporated into the LNA feedback network to tune from 400 MHz to 6 GHz. The proposed CS-LNA creates close-in stopbands around the passband to suppress transmit (TX) blockers up to 17 dBm. This work reports an out-of-band (OOB) IIP3 of 36 dBm and IB IIP3 of 10 dBm with the maximum rejection larger than 60 dB. To the author's knowledge, this is the highest blocker rejection, power-handling capability and IIP3 for an LNA that is tunable over more than a decade.
Cryogenic etching processes applied to porous low-kmaterials using SF6/C4F8plasmas (2015)

International audience
A CMOS single-chip for 868 MHz and 915 MHz bands wireless sensor network applications (2013)

This paper presents the design and experimental results of low power CMOS single-chip for 868 MHz and 915 MHz bands wireless sensor network applications based on IEEE 802.15.4 standard; especially RF transceiver part. Single-chip radio consists of RF transceiver section and digital baseband section. Implemented in a 0.18 μm CMOS technology the receiver shows sensitivity of -100dBm and -93 dBm in BPSK and OQPSK modulation schemes, respectively, and dynamic range of 80 dB. The transmitter path shows a maximum of +10 dBm output power with EVM of less than 6.8% RMS and 12% RMS in BPSK and OQPSK modulation schemes, respectively. The RF transceiver consumes 16 mA in receive mode and 24.5 mA in transmit mode under supply voltage of 1.8 V in which 5 mA of frequency synthesizer is included. The implemented single-chip occupies 16 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> silicon area in which 10 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> is used for the RF transceiver section.
Improving the lens design and performance of a contemporary electromagnetic shock wave lithotripter (2020)

Electromagnetic (EM) shock wave lithotripters are widely used for noninvasive treatment of kidney stone patients. Here, we report the design of a new acoustic lens to rectify three fundamental drawbacks in contemporary EM lithotripters, based on in situ pulse superposition, leading to significantly improved stone comminution both in vitro and in vivo with minimal tissue injury. The new lens design improves the pressure distribution around the lithotripter focus with better alignment of the peak pressure and cavitation activities with the kidney stones under clinically relevant treatment conditions. The general principle of the new lens design is applicable to different lenses or reflectors and with further optimizations may enhance the performance and safety of contemporary EM lithotripters.
Biosynthesis of porphyrins and related macrocycles. Part 13. Structure of the protoporphyrin isomer derived from coproporphyrinogen IV by the action of beef-liver coproporphyrinogenase : synthesis of protoporphyrin XIII (1980)

Coproporphyrinogen IV (8) is synthesised and is oxidatively decarboxylated by coproporphyrinogenase from beef-liver to produce, after aromatisation, a porphyrin proved to be protoporphyrin XIII (11) by spectroscopy and by unambiguous synthesis; the synthetic route is described. A monovinylporphyrin, derived from an intermediate for the conversion (8)→(11), is also isolated. The importance of these results for earlier biosynthetic studies with pyrromethanes is discussed.
The complete nucleotide sequence of prune dwarf ilarvirus RNA1 and virus detection by reverse transcription PCR and triple-antibody sandwich ELISA (2009)

A triple antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (TAS-ELISA) with a monoclonal antibody was developed and evaluated for the detection of prune dwarf ilarvirus (PDV) in sweet cherry trees {Prunus avium). A reverse transcribed polymerase chain reaction test was also developed to establish the incidence of PDV in 40 sweet cherry trees and to confirm the absence of virus in 15 control trees. Trees with two-thirds of their leaves positive for PDV by TAS-ELISA would be identified with 99% probability by testing four leaves per tree. The monoclonal antibody did not cross- react with Prunus necrotic ringspot ilarvirus in the TASELISA. The nucleotide sequence of PDV RNA1 was determined. The RNA consists of 3374 nucleotides and encodes a single open reading frame of 3168 nucleotides. The putative translation product is 1055 amino acids in length with a calculated molecular mass of 118.9 kDa. Both the nucleic acid and the translated amino acid sequences show stronger homology to RNA1 and the corresponding translation product (ORF1) of alfalfa mosaic alfamovirus (AMV) than' to citrus leaf rugose ilarvirus, the only other ilarvirus for which RNA1 sequence data is available. There is extensive sequence homology in the 3'-untranslated regions of PDV RNA1 and the 3'-regions of other ilarvirus and AMV RNAs. The reported sequence and its single open reading frame conform to the genomic organization typical of the Bromoviridae genus. Clones representing sequence from the 5'and 3'-end of RNA1 were used to construct a deletion-type defective interfering particle and its ability to replicate in vivo was assessed.
Preview Suspension Control for a Full Tracked Vehicle (2007)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In this study, preview control algorithms for the active and semi-active suspension systems of a full tracked vehicle are designed based on a 3-D.O.F model and evaluated. The main issue of this study is to make the ride comfort characteristics of a fast moving tracked vehicle better to keep an operator's driving capability. Since road wheels almost trace the profiles of the road surface as long as the track doesn't depart from the ground, the preview information can be obtained by measuring only the absolute position or velocity of the first road wheel. Simulation results show that the performance of the sky-hook suspension system almost follows that of full state feedback suspension system and the on-off semi-active system carries out remarkable performance with the combination of 12 on-off semi-active suspension units. The results simulated with 1&lt;sup&gt;st&lt;/sup&gt; and 2&lt;sup&gt;nd&lt;/sup&gt; weighting sets mean that the suspension system combined with the soft type of inner suspension and hard type of outer suspension can carry out better ride comfort characteristics than that with identical suspensions. Frequency response curves to four types of inputs, such as heaving, pitching, rolling, and warping inputs, also demonstrate the merits of preview control in ride comfort.&lt;/div&gt;
Magnetic vortex structure for hollow Fe3O4 spherical submicron particles (2021)

Magnetic particles with a hollow structure have arisen as an important class of nanomagnets because of a large pore volume and higher surface-to-volume ratio compared with the same-sized solid particles. The hollow structure results in unique magnetic features such as enhanced surface exchange bias, spin freezing, and preferential stability of a magnetic vortex. Despite a recent growing understanding of sub-100 nm hollow spherical magnetic nanoparticles, magnetic properties of larger-sized hollow particles were not currently understood in detail. Here, we report results of observations of magnetic microstructures for 420 nm-sized hollow Fe3O4 spherical particles with an electron holography imaging technique, where a magnetic-vortex formation is inferred from bulk measurements. We directly observe a magnetic vortex in a remanence state with magnetization circularly oriented within the shell and the reduced stray field. Micromagnetic simulations demonstrate an increasing stability of a vortex for a hollow sphere and the formation of a field-induced curling double vortex with a pair of clockwise and counterclockwise vortices. This double vortex structure is not confirmed for the solid counterpart, and its stability enhances with decreasing the shell thickness. The present work provides useful knowledge in designing magnetic particles, where a hollow structure and a magnetic vortex are key factors for high-performance biomedical applications.