gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Assistance tools for the evaluation of machine learning algorithm performance: the decision tree based tools developed by the Medical Imaging and Data Resource Center (MIDRC) Technology Development Project (TDP) 3c effort (2023)

MIDRC was created to facilitate machine learning research for tasks including early detection, diagnosis, prognosis, and assessment of treatment response related to the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. The purpose of the Technology Development Project (TDP) 3c is to create resources to assist researchers in evaluating the performance of their machine learning algorithms. An interactive decision tree has been developed, organized by the type of task that the machine learning algorithm is being trained to perform. The user can select information such as: (a) the type of task, (b) the nature of the reference standard, and (c) the type of the algorithm output. Based on the user responses, they can obtain recommendations regarding appropriate performance evaluation approaches and metrics, including literature references, short video tutorials, and links to available software. Five tasks have been identified for the decision tree: (a) classification, (b) detection/localization, (c) segmentation, (d) time-to-event analysis, and (e) estimation. As an example, the classification branch of the decision tree includes binary and multi-class classification tasks and provides suggestions for methods and metrics as well as software recommendations, and literature references for situations where the algorithm produces either binary or non-binary (e.g., continuous) output and for reference standards with negligible or non-negligible variability and unreliability. The decision tree has been made publicly available on the MIDRC website to assist researchers in conducting task-specific performance evaluations, including classification, detection/localization, segmentation, estimation, and time-to-event tasks.
A 40Gb/s PAM4 optical DAC silicon microring resonator modulator transmitter (2017)

PAM4 modulation is currently being implemented in high-speed wireline communication standards in order to increase bandwidth density. This paper presents a transmitter which utilizes a low-area silicon microring resonator modulator with two separate phase shifter segments to realize high-speed PAM4 modulation with an optical DAC approach. The optical DAC is designed with an optimized MSB/LSB segment size ratio of 1.9:1 to generate a uniform four level output with independent MSB/LSB two-level NRZ drivers. Two differential high-swing segmented pulsed-cascode output stages drive the MSB/LSB segments with independent edge-rate and level controls that compensate for output level spacing and eye skew. The hybrid integrated prototype, with the optical DAC microring modulator fabricated in a 130nm silicon photonic process and the transmitter circuitry fabricated in a GP 65nm CMOS process, achieves 40Gb/s operation at 4.38mW/Gb/s when driving each differential terminal of the segmented depletion-mode microring modulator with 4.4Vppd swing.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Model for Aluminophosphate Formation: Transformation of a Linear Chain Aluminophosphate to Chain, Layer, and Framework Structures (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Inhomogeneous deformation of silicon surface layers probed by second-harmonic generation in reflection (1989)

Semiconductor crystals possessing inversion symmetry (Si, Ge) are known to have a rather weak second-order nonlinearity of the quadrupole type [ Phys. Rev. Lett.51, 1983 ( 1983)], since the electric-dipole contribution is forbidden by symmetry. We report the experimental observation of anomalously highly efficient second-harmonic generation (SGH) in reflection from the surface of Si under inhomogeneous deformation. This effect is believed to be due to an electric-dipole contribution to the second-order susceptibility induced in the near-surface layer by inhomogeneous mechanical stress. This fact is consistent with theoretical calculations based on the molecular sp3-orbital model. Experimentally we observed an increase in the second-harmonic intensity by more than 2 orders of magnitude and a modification of the second-harmonic intensity dependence on crystal orientation with respect to the surface normal in the case of ion-implanted, pulsed-laser-annealed Si (111) samples. A similar effect was observed with thermally oxidized Si wafers and silicide-on-cSi structures. These results demonstrate the sensitivity of SHG in reflection to the presence of inhomogeneous stress in Si surface layers, which enables one to use SHG for nondestructive monitoring of stress in semiconductor structures.
Restoration of segregated, physiological neuronal connectivity by desynchronizing stimulation (2010)

Frontiers Events is a rapidly growing calendar management system dedicated to the scheduling of academic events. This includes announcements and invitations, participant listings and search functionality, abstract handling and publication, related events and post-event exchanges. Whether an organizer or participant, make your event a Frontiers Event!
Design of Virtual Libraries of Umami-Tasting Molecules (2003)

The introduction of molecular tools in food research offers the possibility to the food industry to benefit from the experience gained in the field by pharmaceutical companies. In this work we are showing how in silico virtual screening techniques based on molecular similarity were applied for identifying novel umami-tasting compounds. The results obtained suggest that 5'-ribonucleotides and monosodium glutamate might elicit the fifth basic taste via the same molecular mechanism. New algorithms were developed and used in this work, such as the dimension reduction of data sets by singular value decomposition and the introduction of the correlation dimension as a natural dimension of a chemical space. It is shown that the representations of molecular data sets in chemical spaces possess self-similar properties, characteristic of fractal objects.
Carisbamate blockade of T‐type voltage‐gated calcium channels (2017)

Our data indicate that the neuroprotective and antiseizure activity of CRS likely results in part from decreased [Ca<sup>2+</sup> ]<sub>i</sub> accumulation through blockade of T-type Ca<sup>2+</sup> channels.
Report on the SIGIR 2016 Workshop on Neural Information Retrieval (Neu-IR) (2017)

The SIGIR 2016 workshop on Neural Information Retrieval (Neu-IR) took place on 21 July, 2016 in Pisa. The goal of the Neu-IR (pronounced "New IR") workshop was to serve as a forum for academic and industrial researchers, working at the intersection of information retrieval (IR) and machine learning, to present new work and early results, compare notes on neural network toolkits, share best practices, and discuss the main challenges facing this line of research. In total, 19 papers were presented, including oral and poster presentations. The workshop program also included a session on invited "lightning talks" to encourage participants to share personal insights and negative results with the community. The workshop was well-attended with more than 120 registrations.
Acoustic biomolecules enhance hemodynamic functional ultrasound imaging of neural activity (2019)

Hemodynamic functional ultrasound imaging (fUS) of neural activity provides a unique combination of spatial coverage, spatiotemporal resolution and compatibility with freely moving animals. However, deep and transcranial monitoring of brain activity and the imaging of dynamics in slow-flowing blood vessels remains challenging. To enhance fUS capabilities, we introduce biomolecular hemodynamic enhancers based on gas vesicles (GVs), genetically encodable ultrasound contrast agents derived from buoyant photosynthetic microorganisms. We show that intravenously infused GVs enhance ultrafast Doppler ultrasound contrast and visually-evoked hemodynamic contrast in transcranial fUS of the mouse brain. This hemodynamic contrast enhancement is smoother than that provided by conventional microbubbles, allowing GVs to more reliably amplify neuroimaging signals.
Miniaturized Microwave Fractal Filters (M2F2) (2012)

Abstract The analysis and design of miniaturized fractal filters is presented in this article. It is shown that fractal resonators can be significantly smaller than conventional planar resonators for the same resonant frequency requirements. It is observed that when increasing the number of fractal iterations (typically 3), the size of the resonators decreases and the quality factor increases. The filter design method is based on the synthesis of an inline prototype with symmetrical or asymmetrical pseudo‐elliptic characteristics and coupling factor simulations using a commercial electromagnetic simulator. The fractal filters were designed using suspended substrate technology and fabricated in‐house and with the services of a regular printed circuit board company.
Assessment of a Beamforming Implementation Developed for Surface Sound Source Separation (2021)

This paper presents the assessment of a scan-and-sum beamformer by numerical simulations. The scan-and-sum beamformer has been proposed and analyzed theoretically, in concern with sound source separation of general wide band surface sources distributed in the azimuth angle dimension. Sound sources emitted by regions are called surface sources, and tend to have various shapes and sizes, e.g., a waterfall or an orchestra on the stage. Conventionally a sound source is modelled as a point source that is without a shape or size, hence conventional beamformers are mainly designed for point source separation. A scan-and-sum beamformer deploys a conventional beamformer as the sub-beamformer, and scans the region where a target surface source exists at an appropriate scanning density. The separated surface source is formed through a weighted summation of sub-beamformers. Implementations based on the MVDR sub-beamformer are presented under a framework that reduces overlapping calculation of inverse correlation matrices. For inverse correlation estimation, two methods are provided, one is a block-wise processing which further reduces computational cost, and the other is RLS-based inverse matrix calculation which displays strength in accuracy of estimation. A self-designed diverse dataset having various mixtures of surface sound sources is also created to carry out extensive numerical simulations for a detailed comparison between the scan-and-sum beamformer method and the conventional MVDR approach. Simulations validated the efficiency and effectiveness of the current implementation, and showed that the proposed scan-and-sum beamformer outperforms a conventional one in surface sound source separation.
A Second Isolate of HTLV-II Associated with Atypical Hairy-Cell Leukemia (1986)

THE human T-cell lymphotropic viruses Type I (HTLV-I) and Type II (HTLV-II) and the bovine leukemia virus, which are members of a family of leukemogenic mammalian retroviruses, share some of the same structural and functional characteristics. HTLV-I has been implicated as the causative agent of adult T-cell leukemia, a T-cell lymphoid malignant disease endemic to southern Japan and the Caribbean area.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Bovine leukemia virus has been recognized as a cause of specific lymphoid malignant diseases of cattle.9 10 11 The role of HTLV-II in human cancer is unclear. This agent is a human retrovirus with a nucleic acid sequence homology to HTLV-I . . .
Subclavian artery stenosis causing transient bilateral brachial diplegia: an unusual cause of anterior spinal artery syndrome (2008)

The author report a case of a 74-year-old man who had presented with transient bilateral brachial diplegia. Investigations led to the diagnosis and treatment of subclavian artery stenosis. There are no known published cases of subclavian artery stenosis associated with transient bilateral arm weakness, and the authors believe that a steal phenomenon leading to vertebrobasilar artery insufficiency and subsequent anterior spinal artery insufficiency may have caused these symptoms, which resolved after correction of the patient's stenosis.
Locus-Specific Characterization of Human Endogenous Retrovirus Expression in Prostate, Breast, and Colon Cancers (2021)

Human endogenous retroviruses (HERV) have been implicated in a variety of diseases including cancers. Recent research implicates HERVs in epigenetic gene regulation. Here we utilize a recently developed bioinformatics tool for identifying HERV expression at the locus-specific level to identify differential expression of HERVs in matched tumor-normal RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) data from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Data from 52 prostate cancer, 111 breast cancer, and 24 colon cancer cases were analyzed. Locus-specific analysis identified active HERV elements and differentially expressed HERVs in prostate cancer, breast cancer, and colon cancer. In addition, differentially expressed host genes were identified across prostate, breast, and colon cancer datasets, respectively, including several involved in demethylation and antiviral response pathways, supporting previous findings regarding the pathogenic mechanisms of HERVs. A majority of differentially expressed HERVs intersected protein coding genes or lncRNAs in each dataset, and a subset of differentially expressed HERVs intersected differentially expressed genes in prostate, breast, and colon cancers, providing evidence towards regulatory function. Finally, patterns in HERV expression were identified in multiple cancer types, with 155 HERVs differentially expressed in all three cancer types. This analysis extends previous results identifying HERV transcription in cancer RNA-seq datasets to a locus-specific level, and in doing so provides a foundation for future studies investigating the functional role of HERV in cancers and identifies a number of novel targets for cancer biomarkers and immunotherapy. SIGNIFICANCE: Expressed human endogenous retroviruses are mapped at locus-specific resolution and linked to specific pathways to identify potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in prostate, breast, and colon cancers.
Synthesis of an IWW-type germanosilicate zeolite using 5-azonia-spiro[4,4]nonane as a structure directing agent (2016)

An IWW-type zeolite was formed using azonia-spiro[4,4]nonane as a template. This material shows low Ge-content and can be further degermanated.
Utility of Lewis bases in alkyltin trithiolate stabilizer systems for poly(vinyl chloride) (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUtility of Lewis bases in alkyltin trithiolate stabilizer systems for poly(vinyl chloride)Howard Edan Katz and William H. Starnes Jr.Cite this: Macromolecules 1984, 17, 11, 2241–2243Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00141a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00141a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views72Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Properties and Infrared Absorption Spectra of Complexes of Cobalt(III) with Pentadentate Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid and Hydroxyethylethylenediaminetriacetic acid (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Properties and Infrared Absorption Spectra of Complexes of Cobalt(III) with Pentadentate Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid and Hydroxyethylethylenediaminetriacetic acidMelvin L. Morris and Daryle H. BuschCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1956, 78, 20, 5178–5181Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01601a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01601a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views674Altmetric-Citations98LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Self-assembly of star-shaped heteropoly-15-palladate(II) (2009)

A novel heteropolyoxopalladate structural type has been discovered: the polyoxo-15-palladate(II) [Pd(0.4)Na(0.6) subsetPd(15)P(10)O(50)H(6.6)](12-) (Pd(15)) has been prepared in a one-pot self-assembly reaction and characterized by single-crystal XRD, elemental analysis, IR, TGA, (31)P NMR and electrochemistry; preliminary catalytic studies showed that Pd(15) is active as a catalyst in alcohol oxidation by dioxygen.
Leakage current and flashover of field-aged polymeric insulators (1999)

In this paper results from leakage current (LC) measurements under steam fog and voltage with-stand tests under rain conditions obtained on various field aged polymeric insulators are reported. Included in this work are several silicone rubber (SIR) and ehtylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber insulators of ac and dc design that have been energized at suitably high ac and de voltages under coastal conditions for a period of more than nine years. Their performances are compared to two sets of identical insulators, namely one that was outdoors exposed without being energized and one that was stored indoors. The IC of each insulator was studied three times,namelyasreceived from thefield, after it was gently washed toremove soluble pollution, and finally after a voltage withstand test. In between the measurements the insulators were left to recover for a period of a week. The results show that the LC of the SIR insulators were generally lower than those of the EPDM. In both cases, the LC of the insulators that were stored indoors were significantly lower than those of the outdoor exposed insulators. The voltage withstand tests revealed an almost linear relation between the flashover voltage (FOV) and the arcing distance of the insulators. In general, for similar SIR and EPDM insulators the FOV of the SIR ones were higher than those of EPDM insulators.
Stimulation of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 enhancer by the human T-cell leukemia virus type I tax gene product involves the action of inducible cellular proteins (1989)

The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) preferentially infects CD4+ T lymphocytes and may exist as a latent provirus within these cells for extended periods. The transition to a productive retroviral infection results in T-cell death and clinically may lead to the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Accelerated production of infectious HIV-1 virions appears to be closely linked to a heightened state of T-cell activation. The transactivator (Tax) protein of the type I human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV-I) can produce such an activated T-cell phenotype and augments activity of the HIV-1 long terminal repeat. One Tax-responsive region within the HIV-1 long terminal repeat has been mapped to a locus composed of two 10-base-pair direct repeats sharing homology with the binding site for the eucaryotic transcription factor NF-kappaB (GGGACTTTCC). Tax-expressing Jurkat T cells contain one or more inducible cellular proteins that specifically associate with the HIV-1 enhancer at these binding sites. Microscale DNA affinity precipitation assays identified a Tax-inducible 86-kilodalton protein, HIVEN86A, as one of these HIV-1 enhancer-binding factors. The interaction of HIVEN86A, and presumably other cellular proteins, with the HIV-1 enhancer appears functionally important as oligonucleotides corresponding to this enhancer were sufficient to impart Tax inducibility to an unresponsive heterologous promoter. These findings suggest that the Tax-inducible cellular protein HIVEN86A plays an important role in the transcriptional activation of the HIV-1 enhancer. These specific protein-DNA interactions may also be important for the transition of HIV-1 from a latent to a productive mode of infection. Furthermore, these findings highlight an intriguing biological interplay between HTLV-1 and HIV-1 through a cellular transcriptional pathway that is normally involved in T-cell activation and growth.
Lightweight data management for compositional modeling in problem solving environments (2001)

We outline various design considerations and implementation options pertaining to lightweight data management in problem solving environments (PSEs). The emphasis is on compositional modeling, in the context of a PSE for wireless communications system design (S
A Critical Domain of Ebolavirus Envelope Glycoprotein Determines Glycoform and Infectivity (2018)

Ebolaviruses comprises 5 species that exert varying degrees of mortality/infectivity in humans with Reston ebolaviruses (REBOV) showing the lowest and Zaire ebolaviruses (ZEBOV) showing the highest. However, the molecular basis of this differential mortality/infectivity remains unclear. Here, we report that the structural features of ebolavirus envelope glycoproteins (GPs) and one of their counter receptors, macrophage galactose-type calcium-type lectin (MGL/CD301), play crucial roles in determining viral infectivity. The low infectivity of REBOV mediated by the interaction between GPs and MGL/CD301 dramatically increased when the N-terminal 18 amino acids (33rd through 50th) of GPs were replaced with that of ZEBOV. Furthermore, structural analysis of glycans of GPs revealed that N-glycans were more extended in REBOV than in ZEBOV. N-glycan extension was reversed by the replacement of aforementioned N-terminal 18 amino acid residues. Therefore, these data strongly suggest that extended N-glycans on GPs reduce MGL/CD301-mediated viral infectivity by hindering the interaction between GPs and MGL/CD301 preferentially binds O-glycans.