gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bioactive bone cement: Effect of surface curing properties on bone-bonding strength (2000)

The fact that bisphenol-a-glycidyl methacrylate (bis-GMA)-based cements contain an uncured surface is believed to play an important role when determining the surface curing properties of the cements. Therefore, in the present study, the bone-bonding strength of cement plates having an uncured surface on one side and a cured surface on the other side has been evaluated. These cement plates were composites of a bis-GMA-based resin with either an apatite- and wollastonite-containing glass-ceramic (AW-GC) powder or a hydroxyapatite (HA) powder, respectively designated AWC and HAC. The amount of each of these powders in a composite cement was 70 wt %. We formulate the hypothesis that the uncured surface of a cement plate is bioactive having bone-bonding properties. The goal of the present study was to indicate the bone-bonding strength of the uncured surfaces of AWC and HAC and compare the strength with the respective cured surfaces by a detaching in vivo test, as well as to histologically examine the bone-cement interface. Each plate has been implanted into the tibiae of male Japanese white rabbits, taking care to retain the surface properties, and the so-called “failure load” has been measured using a detaching test followed 8 weeks after implantation. The failure load for AWC-plates at the uncured surface (2.05 ± 1.11 kgf, n = 8) was significantly higher than AWC at its cured surface side (0.28 ± 0.64 kgf, n = 8). The failure load for HAC-plates at the uncured surfaces (1.40 ± 0.68 kgf, n = 8) was significantly higher than HAC at its cured surface (0.00 ± 0.00 kgf, n = 8). Failure loads for AWC at its uncured and cured surfaces were both higher than for HAC, although not significantly. Direct bone formation has been observed histologically for both AWC and HAC on the uncured surfaces, and a Ca-P-rich layer was observed only at the uncured surface of AWC. These findings strongly suggest that uncured surfaces are useful for exposing a bioactive filler on a surface of composites, being very effective in inducing bone bonding. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res (Appl Biomater) 53: 51–61, 2000
T-Cell Receptor Gene Therapy of Established Tumors in a Murine Melanoma Model (2008)

Adoptive cell transfer therapy using tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes for patients with metastatic melanoma has demonstrated significant objective response rates. One major limitation of these current therapies is the frequent inability to isolate tumor-reactive lymphocytes for treatment. Genetic engineering of peripheral blood lymphocytes with retroviral vectors encoding tumor antigen-specific T-cell receptors (TCRs) bypasses this restriction. To evaluate the efficacy of TCR gene therapy, a murine treatment model was developed. A retroviral vector was constructed encoding the pmel-1 TCR genes targeting the B16 melanoma antigen, gp100. Transduction of C57BL/6 lymphocytes resulted in efficient pmel-1 TCR expression. Lymphocytes transduced with this retrovirus specifically recognized gp100-pulsed target cells as measured by interferon-gamma secretion assays. Upon transfer into B16 tumor-bearing mice, the genetically engineered lymphocytes significantly slowed tumor development. The effectiveness of tumor treatment was directly correlated with the number of TCR-engineered T cells administered. These results demonstrated that TCR gene therapy targeting a native tumor antigen significantly delayed the growth of established tumors. When C57BL/6 lymphocytes were added to antigen-reactive pmel-1 T cells, a reduction in the ability of pmel-1 T cell to treat B16 melanomas was seen, suggesting that untransduced cells may be deleterious to TCR gene therapy. This model may be a powerful tool for evaluating future TCR gene transfer-based strategies.
Digital Implementation of a BIST Method based on Binary Observations (2008)

This article deals with a built-in self-test method using only a one-bit ADC and a one-bit DAC. It is theoretically possible to use a binary white noise and binary observations to estimate the impulse response and the output of a linear system, provided this system has good mixing properties. We show how this can be easily implemented on digital programmable targets. The FPGA-based identification of the impulse response of a bandpass filter is performed and the experimental results are presented.
Swimming ability and flagellar motility of sperm packets of the volvocine green alga Pleodorina starrii (2023)

Eukaryotic flagella collectively form metachronal waves that facilitate the ability to cause flow or swim. Among such flagellated and planktonic swimmers, large volvocine genera such as Eudorina , Pleodorina and Volvox form bundles of small male gametes (sperm) called "sperm packets" for sexual reproduction. Although these sperm packets reportedly have flagella and the ability to swim, previous studies on volvocine motility have focused on asexual forms and the swimming characteristics of sperm packets remain unknown. However, it is important to quantify the motility of sperm packets and sperm in order to gain insights into the significance of motility in the sexual reproduction of planktonic algae. In this study, we quantitatively described the behavior of three flagellated forms of a male strain of Pleodorina starrii [mdash]asexual colonies, sperm packets, and single dissociated sperm[mdash]with emphasis on comparison of the two multicellular forms. Despite being smaller, sperm packets swam approximately 1.4 times faster than the asexual colonies of the same male strain. Body length was approximately 0.5 times smaller in the sperm packets than in asexual colonies. The flagella from sperm packets and asexual colonies showed asymmetric waveforms, whereas those from dissociated single sperm showed symmetric waveforms, suggesting the presence of a switching mechanism between sperm packets and dissociated sperm. Flagella from sperm packets were approximately 0.5 times shorter and had a beat period approximately twice as long as those from asexual colonies. The flagella of sperm packets were densely distributed over the anterior part of the body, whereas the flagella of asexual colonies were sparse and evenly distributed. The distribution of flagella, but not the number of flagella, appear to illustrate a significant difference in the speeds of sperm packets and asexual colonies. Our findings reveal novel aspects of the regulation of eukaryotic flagella and shed light on the role of flagellar motility in sexual reproduction of planktonic algae.
ggViz: Accelerating Large-Scale Esports Game Analysis (2022)

While esports organizations are increasingly adopting practices of conventional sports teams, such as dedicated analysts and data-driven decision-making, video-based game review is still the primary mode of game analysis. In conventional sports, advances in data collection have introduced systems that allow for sketch-based querying of game situations. However, due to data limitations, as well as differences in the sport itself, esports has seen a dearth of such systems. In this paper, we leverage player tracking data for Counter-Strike: Global Offensive (CSGO) to develop ggViz, a visual analytics system that allows users to query a large esports data set through game state sketches to find similar game states. Users are guided to game states of interest using win probability charts and round icons, and can summarize collections of states through heatmaps. We motivate our design through interviews with esports experts to especially address the issue of game review. We demonstrate ggViz's utility through detailed case studies and expert interviews with coaches, managers, and analysts from professional esports teams.
Min-Max Propagation (2017)

We study the application of min-max propagation, a variation of belief propagation, for approximate min-max inference in factor graphs. We show that for “any” high-order function that can be minimized in O(ω), the min-max message update can be obtained using an efficient O(K(ω + log(K)) procedure, where K is the number of variables. We demonstrate how this generic procedure, in combination with efficient updates for a family of high-order constraints, enables the application of min-max propagation to efficiently approximate the NP-hard problem of makespan minimization, which seeks to distribute a set of tasks on machines, such that the worst case load is minimized.
Botulinum Toxin for Aberrant Facial Nerve Regeneration: Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial Using Subjective Endpoints (2005)

Impairment in quality of life, social interactions, and self-assessment of appearance closely reflected the nature of the morbidity associated with palpebral fissure asymmetry associated with aberrant facial nerve regeneration. The physicians' grading scale best reflected subjective morbidity over direct videotaped measurements.
Study on stage hologram production for performing arts (2018)

현대 무대예술문화에는 영화에서나 볼 수 있던 홀로그램이 여러 분야와 일상생활에 이르기까지 다양한 종류로 상용화 되고 있으며, 의학, 건축, 자동차 설계, IT, 디자인 및 공연예술에 까지 다양한 형태로 멀티미디어화 되고 있다. 이 논문은 공연무대예술에서 홀로그램이 어떤 기법으로 무대연출 되었는지, 실제 공연 과정에서 무대예술로써 장르 구별 없이 다양한 공연활용도와 결과를 파악하고, 미래의 공연예술은 어떤 홀로그램 연출이 있을지 연구하고자 한다.
Assembly of Cu Wirings with Ultrasmooth and High-Adhesive Electroless Cu Seed Layer by Using UV Modification and Low Attenuation of High-Frequency Transmission Property (2020)

Abstract Semiconductor packages for high-performance devices with printed circuit boards having multiwiring layers such as flip-chip ball grid array have been attracting the attention to realize ultrare-liable and low-latency communications in 5G networking. Cu wirings for the package are usually fabricated by via formation by laser for dielectric, desmear, electroless Cu seed formation, photoresist patterning, electrolytic Cu plating, resist stripping, and seed layer etching. Although a desmear process can obtain enough adhesion between dielectric and Cu seed layer by anchoring effect to secure reliabilities, the interface between dielectric and Cu seed layer should be smooth to achieve low attenuation of electric signals at high frequencies. Here, instead of a desmear process, we applied a UV modification for the surface of dielectric to realize a smooth and high-adhesive seed layer against dielectric. We obtained .8 kN/m of peel strength between dielectric and Cu seed layer in spite of surface roughness of the dielectric being 45 nm by a nanolevel anchoring effect at the UV-modified layer. Because of the smooth interface by UV modification, the S21 value of microstrip line was 26% improved compared with that assembled through the desmear process at 60 GHz.
The Human Cell Atlas White Paper (2018)

The Human Cell Atlas (HCA) will be made up of comprehensive reference maps of all human cells - the fundamental units of life - as a basis for understanding fundamental human biological processes and diagnosing, monitoring, and treating disease. It will help scientists understand how genetic variants impact disease risk, define drug toxicities, discover better therapies, and advance regenerative medicine. A resource of such ambition and scale should be built in stages, increasing in size, breadth, and resolution as technologies develop and understanding deepens. We will therefore pursue Phase 1 as a suite of flagship projects in key tissues, systems, and organs. We will bring together experts in biology, medicine, genomics, technology development and computation (including data analysis, software engineering, and visualization). We will also need standardized experimental and computational methods that will allow us to compare diverse cell and tissue types - and samples across human communities - in consistent ways, ensuring that the resulting resource is truly global. This document, the first version of the HCA White Paper, was written by experts in the field with feedback and suggestions from the HCA community, gathered during recent international meetings. The White Paper, released at the close of this yearlong planning process, will be a living document that evolves as the HCA community provides additional feedback, as technological and computational advances are made, and as lessons are learned during the construction of the atlas.
Controlling Strong Electromagnetic Fields at Subwavelength Scales (2006)

We investigate the optical response of two subwavelength grooves on a metallic screen, separated by a subwavelength distance. We show that the cavity, Fabry-Perot-like mode, already observed in one-dimensional periodic gratings and known for a single slit, splits into two resonances in our system: a symmetric mode with a small Q factor, and an antisymmetric one which leads to a much stronger field enhancement. This behavior results from the near-field coupling of the grooves. Moreover, the use of a second incident wave allows control of the localization of the photons in the groove of our choice, depending on the phase difference between the two incident waves. The system acts exactly as a subwavelength optical switch operated from far field.
A Functional Landscape of Resistance to MEK1/2 and CDK4/6 Inhibition in NRAS-Mutant Melanoma (2019)

Combinatorial inhibition of MEK1/2 and CDK4/6 is currently undergoing clinical investigation in NRAS-mutant melanoma. To prospectively map the landscape of resistance to this investigational regimen, we utilized a series of gain- and loss-of-function forward genetic screens to identify modulators of resistance to clinical inhibitors of MEK1/2 and CDK4/6 alone and in combination. First, we identified NRAS-mutant melanoma cell lines that were dependent on NRAS for proliferation and sensitive to MEK1/2 and CDK4/6 combination treatment. We then used a genome-scale ORF overexpression screen and a CRISPR knockout screen to identify modulators of resistance to each inhibitor alone or in combination. These orthogonal screening approaches revealed concordant means of achieving resistance to this therapeutic modality, including tyrosine kinases, RAF, RAS, AKT, and PI3K signaling. Activated KRAS was sufficient to cause resistance to combined MEK/CDK inhibition and to replace genetic depletion of oncogenic NRAS. In summary, our comprehensive functional genetic screening approach revealed modulation of resistance to the inhibition of MEK1/2, CDK4/6, or their combination in NRAS-mutant melanoma. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings reveal that NRAS-mutant melanomas can acquire resistance to genetic ablation of <i>NRAS</i> or combination MEK1/2 and CDK4/6 inhibition by upregulating activity of the RTK-RAS-RAF and RTK-PI3K-AKT signaling cascade.
Cardiorenal Syndrome Type 1: A Defective Regulation of Monocyte Apoptosis Induced by Proinflammatory and Proapoptotic Factors (2015)

In this study, we examined the possible immune-mediated mechanisms in cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) type 1 pathogenesis. We enrolled 40 patients with acute heart failure (AHF), 11 patients with CRS type 1 and 15 controls. Plasma from the different groups was incubated with monocytes; subsequently, cell apoptosis was evaluated by DNA fragmentation, caspase activity and cytofluorometric assay. Cytokine quantification in plasma and supernatant was performed by ELISA. Monocytes treated with CRS type 1 plasma showed significantly higher apoptosis compared with those treated with AHF and the controls (p < 0.05). Caspase-3 (CRS type 1: 2.20 ng/ml, IQR 2.06-2.33; AHF: 1.48 ng/ml, IQR 1.31-1.56; controls: 0.71 ng/ml, IQR 0.67-0.81) and caspase-8 levels (CRS type 1: 1.49 ng/ml, IQR 1.42-1.57; AHF: 0.94 ng/ml, IQR 0.84-0.98; controls: 0.56 ng/ml, IQR 0.51-0.58) in cells incubated with plasma from these patients demonstrated a significantly higher concentration. We observed a strong upregulation of plasma IL-6 and IL-18 in CRS type 1 compared with AHF and the controls (p < 0.05). Interestingly, we observed a similar concentration of TNF-α in CRS type 1 and AHF. In CRS type 1 patients, IL-6 (52.13 ng/ml, IQR 47.29-66.83) and IL-18 levels (197.75 ng/ml, IQR 120.80-265.49) in supernatant were significantly higher than in AHF patients (IL-6: 28.79 ng/ml, IQR 19.90-36.10; IL-18: 21.98 ng/ml, IQR 15.98-29.85) and controls (IL-6: 5.02 ng/ml, IQR 4.56-6.44; IL-18: 7.91 ng/ml, IQR 5.57-10.62). These findings suggest the presence of a defective regulation of monocyte apoptosis in CRS type 1 patients and the involvement of an immune-mediated mechanism in the pathophysiology of this syndrome.
Frontispiece: A Perspective on Heterogeneous Catalysts for the Selective Oxidation of Alcohols (2021)

In the processes for synthesis of fine chemicals, selective oxidation of alcohols, especially the higher ones, is of great importance. In this regard, heterogeneous catalysts have been applied in different approaches namely, thermocatalysis, electrocatalysis and photocatalysis. Metal- and oxide-based catalysts have been used within these approaches, and despite of advances in the preparation of efficient, there is still a lack of understanding about their dynamics considering the complexity of the catalysts’ surfaces and the mechanism of the reactions. Therefore, it is essential to unravel these properties using advanced operando characterization. In this mini-review, we gathered some of more important works in the field with the aim to give a perspective on the existing challenges needed to provide a fundamental understanding of the catalysts under different reaction conditions. For more information, see the Minireview by S. Najafishirtari, M. Behrens et al. on page 16809.
Decorrelating WSN Traffic Patterns with Maximally Uninformative Constrained Routing (2011)

We study optimal strategies to decorrelating traffic in tactical wireless sensor networks where the goal is hiding sensible information (e.g., communication patterns, nodes location) about ongoing operations implicitly contained in network flows. Contrarily to existing approaches based on heuristic arguments, in this work we pose the problem in a more formal way. In particular, we explore the problem of how to derive routing policies which minimize the path predictability whilst observing certain QoS restrictions. We show how deriving optimal routing strategies can be couched as a nonlinear optimization problem with linear constraints. A convenient reformulation allows us to attack it very efficiently with a numerical least square error solver. Overall, the resulting scheme is an adaptive multipath routing protocol which provides the optimal balance between uninformativeness of routing patterns and end-to-end communication costs.
A Collaborative Dimensions Framework: Understanding the Mediating Role of Conceptual Visualizations in Collaborative Knowledge Work (2008)

Facilitating collaborative knowledge work is a crucial issue in management: knowledge is a key corporate asset, but it is typically spread across various people in different organizational functions. In this paper we explore how conceptual visualizations (such as diagrams, visual metaphors, charts, sketches) can be constructed and used as cognitive artefacts that support collaborative knowledge work. In order to facilitate tasks such as the creation and sharing of knowledge in teams, we propose a collaborative dimensions framework as a tool for understanding how visual artefacts can facilitate collaboration in circumstances that involve distributed knowledge. The framework is based on the widespread Cognitive Dimensions of Notation framework and is enriched with criteria from the boundary object paradigm discussed in organization science. The dimensions of the framework are described and then applied to three different visualizations that are used in collaborative knowledge work. A discussion of future research needs concludes the paper.
Information theoretic capacity analysis for biometric hashing methods (2011)

In this paper, we address capacity analysis of biometric hashing methods. We propose an information theoretic capacity analysis framework for biometric hashing methods by taking into account their noise resilience which is analogous to the variations of the inputs for same user. To validate the proposed framework, we make simulations with various biometric hashing methods proposed in the literature on three different face image databases. We experimentally estimate the number of different users that a biometric hashing system can accommodate by assuming that every biometric hash vector is possible to be chosen for biometric template and within-class variations can be considered as noise and each bit position has the same probabilities. Besides, we calculate equal error rate performances of the biometric hashing methods and compare them with the proposed capacity analysis framework.
On the Cooling of Electronics With Nanofluids (2011)

Nanofluids have been proposed to improve the performance of microchannel heat sinks. In this paper, we present a systematic characterization of aqueous silica nanoparticle suspensions with concentrations up to 31 vol %. We determined the particle morphology by transmission electron microscope imaging and its dispersion status by dynamic light scattering measurements. The thermophysical properties of the fluids, namely, their specific heat, density, thermal conductivity, and dynamic viscosity were experimentally measured. We fabricated microchannel heat sinks with three different channel widths and characterized their thermal performance as a function of volumetric flow rate for silica nanofluids at concentrations by volume of 0%, 5%, 16%, and 31%. The Nusselt number was extracted from the experimental results and compared with the theoretical predictions considering the change of fluids bulk properties. We demonstrated a deviation of less than 10% between the experiments and the predictions. Hence, standard correlations can be used to estimate the convective heat transfer of nanofluids. In addition, we applied a one-dimensional model of the heat sink, validated by the experiments. We predicted the potential of nanofluids to increase the performance of microchannel heat sinks. To this end, we varied the individual thermophysical properties of the coolant and studied their impact on the heat sink performance. We demonstrated that the relative thermal conductivity enhancement must be larger than the relative viscosity increase in order to gain a sizeable performance benefit. Furthermore, we showed that it would be preferable to increase the volumetric heat capacity of the fluid instead of increasing its thermal conductivity.