gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dll4 Blockade in Stromal Cells Mediates Antitumor Effects in Preclinical Models of Ovarian Cancer (2015)

The Notch ligand delta-like 4 (Dll4) has been identified as a promising target in tumor angiogenesis in preclinical studies, and Dll4 inhibitors have recently entered clinical trials for solid tumors, including ovarian cancers. In this study, we report the development of REGN421 (enoticumab), a fully human IgG1 monoclonal antibody that binds human Dll4 with sub-nanomolar affinity and inhibits Notch signaling. Administering REGN421 to immunodeficient mice engineered to express human Dll4 inhibited the growth of several human tumor xenografts in association with the formation of nonfunctional tumor blood vessels. In ovarian tumor xenograft models, Dll4 was expressed specifically by the tumor endothelium, and Dll4 blockade by human-specific or mouse-specific Dll4 antibodies exerted potent antitumor activity, which relied entirely on targeting Dll4 expressed by tumor stromal cells but not by the tumor cells themselves. However, Dll4 blockade reduced Notch signaling in both blood vessels and tumor cells surrounding the blood vessels, suggesting that endothelial-expressed Dll4 might induce Notch signaling in adjacent ovarian tumor cells. The antitumor effects of targeting Dll4 were augmented significantly by simultaneous inhibition of VEGF signaling, whereas this combined blockade reversed normal organ vascular changes induced by Dll4 blockade alone. Overall, our findings deepen the rationale for antibody-based strategies to target Dll4 in ovarian cancers, especially in combination with VEGF blockade.
Retrieval of self-coupled harmonics (1995)

Presence of coupled harmonics in the data is a symptom attributed to nonlinear mechanisms generating the available time series. Self-coupling amounts to presence of frequency pairs (/spl omega//sub 0/, k/spl omega//sub 0/) and perhaps phase pairs (/spl phi//sub 0/, k/spl phi//sub 0/) as well, with k an integer. It appears in periodic signals, or, when harmonics undergo nonlinear transformations. Self-coupled harmonics observed in additive noise are retrieved from the peaks of diagonal (scaled) polyperiodogram slices, which contrary to existing higher order approaches, do not increase dimensionality and thus computations when dealing with nonlinearities of increasing orders. Performance evaluation of the resulting frequency estimator reveals decreasing variance with slices of polyperiodograms of increasing order, and ability to suppress stationary mixing noise irrespective of its color and distribution. Detection and estimation of self-phase coupling via polyperiodogram slices obviates limitations of existing methods that require availability of multiple independent records. Theory and algorithms are illustrated with simulated and voiced speech data.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The Effect of Rhizosphere Competence on Colonization of Sweet Corn Roots by Biocontrol Fungi in Differing Soils (1998)

To be effective, biocontrol agents, fungi need to colonize roots under a wide range of conditions. The ability do so is called rhizosphere competence. A common beneficial fungus, Trichoderma harzianum, has been bred to produce a new strain, T-22, that has exceptionally high rhizosphere competence. In field experiments, we have demonstrated that T-22 was resistant to edaphic conditions that reduce colonization by indigenous Trichoderma species, so that it can provide protection against root pathogens. Well-drained sand, stone or gravel soils supported lower populations of wild Trichoderma than did loams (10 0.5 vs 10 3.3 cfu/g), but populations of T-22 were high in all soils (&gt;10 4 cfu/g). In a multivariate analysis of soil characteristics affecting colonization, only soils with low Ca and low pH had reduced populations. No other measured soil characteristics were correlated with colonization. When sown in the field at different initial soil temperatures ranging from 10 to 27 °C, T-22 populations were unaffected by temperature, having a population from 10 4.6 to 10 5.4 cfu/g. Indigenous strains were 10 3 in cold soils, peaked at 10 4 at 15 °C, declining in later sowings due to higher biological competition. Differences in microbial competition had little effect. Roots were equally colonized in the differing soil microflora in three management systems at the Rodale Farming Systems Trial. Invading an existing soil microbial community is the most difficult thing to achieve with a biocontrol organism. These data show that T-22 is the first to consistently do so.
Viscoelastic Property Mapping with Contact Resonance Force Microscopy (2011)

We demonstrate the accurate nanoscale mapping of near-surface loss and storage moduli on a polystyrene-polypropylene blend with contact resonance force microscopy (CR-FM). These viscoelastic properties are extracted from spatially resolved maps of the contact resonance frequency and quality factor of the AFM cantilever. We consider two methods of data acquisition: (i) discrete stepping between mapping points and (ii) continuous scanning. For point mapping and low-speed scanning, the values of the relative loss and storage modulus are in good agreement with the time-temperature superposition of low-frequency dynamic mechanical analysis measurements to the high frequencies probed by CR-FM.
A study of temperature-related non-linearity at the metal-silicon interface (2012)

In this paper, we investigate the temperature dependencies of metal-semiconductor interfaces in an effort to better reproduce the current-voltage-temperature (IVT) characteristics of any Schottky diode, regardless of homogeneity. Four silicon Schottky diodes were fabricated for this work, each displaying different degrees of inhomogeneity; a relatively homogeneous NiV/Si diode, a Ti/Si and Cr/Si diode with double bumps at only the lowest temperatures, and a Nb/Si diode displaying extensive non-linearity. The 77–300 K IVT responses are modelled using a semi-automated implementation of Tung's electron transport model, and each of the diodes are well reproduced. However, in achieving this, it is revealed that each of the three key fitting parameters within the model display a significant temperature dependency. In analysing these dependencies, we reveal how a rise in thermal energy “activates” exponentially more interfacial patches, the activation rate being dependent on the carrier concentration at the patch saddle point (the patch's maximum barrier height), which in turn is linked to the relative homogeneity of each diode. Finally, in a review of Tung's model, problems in the divergence of the current paths at low temperature are explained to be inherent due to the simplification of an interface that will contain competing defects and inhomogeneities.
An efficient inductive power link design for retinal prosthesis (2004)

This paper presents the design of a highly efficient power link based on class-E driven, inductively coupled coil pair. An optimal power link design for retinal prosthesis and other implants must take into consideration the allowable electric and magnetic field safety limits, which in turn govern the inductances of the primary and secondary coils. In retinal prosthesis, the optimal coil inductances have to deal with the constraints of the coil sizes, the trade-offs between loss, H-field limitation and the DC supply voltage requirement of the class-E driver. Our design starts with the formation of equivalent circuits, followed by the analysis of the loss of rectifier and coils and the H-field for induced voltage and current. Both linear and non-linear models for the analysis are presented. Litz wire is used to reduce the winding losses in our analysis. Based on the procedure, an experimental power link is implemented with an overall efficiency of 67% at the optimal distance of 7 mm between the coils.
Disruption ofGRM1‐mediated signalling using riluzole results inDNAdamage in melanoma cells (2013)

Gain of function of the neuronal receptor, metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (Grm1), was sufficient to induce melanocytic transformation in vitro and spontaneous melanoma development in vivo when ectopically expressed in melanocytes. The human form of this receptor, GRM1, has been shown to be ectopically expressed in a subset of human melanomas but not benign nevi or normal melanocytes, suggesting that misregulation of GRM1 is involved in the pathogenesis of certain human melanomas. Sustained stimulation of Grm1 by the ligand, glutamate, is required for the maintenance of transformed phenotypes in vitro and tumorigenicity in vivo. In this study, we investigate the mechanism of an inhibitor of glutamate release, riluzole, on human melanoma cells that express metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (GRM1). Various in vitro assays conducted show that inhibition of glutamate release in several human melanoma cell lines resulted in an increase of oxidative stress and DNA damage response markers.
The olsA gene mediates the synthesis of an ornithine lipid in Pseudomonas aeruginosa during growth under phosphate-limiting conditions, but is not involved in antimicrobial peptide susceptibility (2011)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa responds to phosphate limitation by inducing the expression of phosphate transport systems, phosphatases, hemolysins and a DNase, many of which are important for virulence. Here we report that under phosphate-limiting conditions, P. aeruginosa produces a phosphate-free ornithine lipid (OL) as the primary membrane lipid. The olsBA (PA4350-PA4351) genes were highly induced under phosphate-limiting conditions. The production and structure of the OL was confirmed by MS, revealing diagnostic fragment ions and mainly C16 : 0 and C18 : 1 dialkyl chains. It was shown that olsA is required for production of these lipids and genetic complementation of the olsA∷lux mutant restored OL production. Studies in other bacteria have correlated increased resistance to antimicrobial peptides with the production of OLs. Here it was demonstrated that resistance to antimicrobial peptides increased under phosphate-limiting conditions, but OLs were not required for this increased resistance. OL production was also not required for virulence in the Caenorhabditis elegans infection model. The production of OLs is a strategy to reduce phosphate utilization in the membrane, but mutants unable to produce OLs have no observable phenotype with respect to growth, antibiotic resistance or virulence.
Risk for Postpartum Depression, Breastfeeding Practices, and Mammary Gland Permeability (2008)

In a cross-sectional study, 163 breastfeeding women completed the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), a questionnaire on demographics and infant feeding and hand-expressed breast milk for Na and K quantification, between 2 and 12 weeks postpartum. Forty women (24.5%) had an EPDS score compatible with the risk of a depressive episode, and 63 (41%) did not feel confident about breastfeeding. These 2 variables were significantly correlated to each other and individually correlated to breastfeeding exclusiveness. Weeks postpartum was correlated to breastfeeding exclusiveness and Na:K in milk (all P < .001). A logistic regression model showed that supplementation increased the risk of high Na:K in milk by 209%, whereas a longer time postpartum lowered the risk for mammary gland permeability. This study suggests that postpartum depression and low breastfeeding confidence, which may be present concomitantly, are associated with increased mammary gland permeability, only to the extent in which depression dissuades the mother from exclusive breastfeeding.
Discontinuous Genes (1978)

Some 50 years of increasingly intense genetic study had not prepared molecular biologists for the recent and entirely unexpected discovery that genes in higher organisms are encoded in discontinuous bits and pieces of chromosomal DNA.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 These new genetic facts now force us to reformulate the comfortable notion of "one gene — one polypeptide chain" and substitute for it the more awkward aphorism, "several gene segments — one polypeptide chain." But even with this revision, the end of such changes may not be in sight.Although evidence of genes in pieces is quickly accumulating from life forms ranging from viruses and . . .
Détection indirecte de changements en imagerie satellitaire haute résolution (2019)

International audience
Wireless Temperature Sensing Using Permanent Magnets for Multiple Points Undergoing Repeatable Motions. (2017)

Abstract not provided.
Maternal Supplementation with LGG Reduces Vaccine-Specific Immune Responses in Infants at High-Risk of Developing Allergic Disease (2013)

Probiotics are defined as live micro-organisms that when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host. Among their pleiotropic effects, inhibition of pathogen colonization at the mucosal surface as well as modulation of immune responses are widely recognized as the principal biological activities of probiotic bacteria. In recent times, the immune effects of probiotics have led to their application as vaccine adjuvants, offering a novel strategy for enhancing the efficacy of current vaccines. Such an approach is particularly relevant in regions where infectious disease burden is greatest and where access to complete vaccination programs is limited. In this study, we report the effects of the probiotic, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) on immune responses to tetanus, Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) and pneumococcal conjugate (PCV7) vaccines in infants. This study was conducted as part of a larger clinical trial assessing the impact of maternal LGG supplementation in preventing the development of atopic eczema in infants at high-risk for developing allergic disease. Maternal LGG supplementation was associated with reduced antibody responses against tetanus, Hib, and pneumococcal serotypes contained in PCV7 (N = 31) compared to placebo treatment (N = 30) but not total IgG levels. Maternal LGG supplementation was also associated with a trend to increased number of tetanus toxoid-specific T regulatory in the peripheral blood compared to placebo-treated infants. These findings suggest that maternal LGG supplementation may not be beneficial in terms of improving vaccine-specific immunity in infants. Further clinical studies are needed to confirm these findings. As probiotic immune effects can be species/strain specific, our findings do not exclude the potential use of other probiotic bacteria to modulate infant immune responses to vaccines.
Abstract 3680: Transfusion-Induced Tissue Hypoxia is Ameliorated by S -nitrosohemoglobin Repletion of Stored Red Blood Cells (2008)

Transfusion of stored red blood cells (RBCs) is associated with a decrease in tissue oxygenation in animal models and with increased mortality and morbidity in patients. Recent studies have demonstrated that stored RBCs are deficient in vasodilatory ability and depleted of S -nitrosohemoglobin (SNO-Hb), and that renitrosylation ex vivo can increase SNO-Hb levels and restore vasoactivity. We have examined in a mouse model the extent to which transfusion impairs tissue oxygenation and whether SNO-Hb repletion can ameliorate that impairment. We report here that transfusion of (mouse) RBCs stored for 1 day or 1 week results in tissue hypoxia that is largely prevented by SNO-Hb repletion prior to transfusion ( 1 day stored blood : % decrease in oxygenation 58+/−10% untreated vs. 92+/−0.7% SNO-Hb repleted, p&lt;0.05, n=3– 6; 1 week stored blood : % decrease in oxygenation 66+/−10% untreated vs. 91+/−2.8% SNO-Hb repleted, p&lt;0.05, n=3– 6). Storage of mouse blood beyond human expiration-equivalents (1 month) resulted in substantial lysis and the death of all mice transfused (native and SNO-Hb repleted blood, n=5). In conclusion, repletion of SNO-Hb ameliorates the decrease in tissue oxygenation that results from transfusion of untreated stored blood. Therefore, SNO-Hb repletion may provide a simple and efficacious method to reduce transfusion-related mortality and morbidity.
Graph-Adaptive Semi-Supervised Tracking of Dynamic Processes Over Switching Network Modes (2020)

A plethora of network-science related applications call for inference of spatio-temporal graph processes. Such an inference task can be aided by the underlying graph topology that might jump over discrete modes. For example, the connectivity in dynamic brain networks, switches among candidate topologies, each corresponding to a different emotional state, also known as the network mode. Taking advantage of limited nodal observations, the present contribution deals with semi-supervised tracking of dynamic processes over a given candidate set of graphs with unknown switches. Towards this end, a dynamical model is introduced to capture the per-slot spatial correlation using the active topology, as well as the temporal variation across slots through a state-space model. A scalable graph-adaptive Bayesian approach is developed, based on what is termed interacting multi-graph model (IMGM), to track the dynamic nodal processes and the active graph topology on-the-fly. Besides switching topologies, the proposed IMGM algorithm can accommodate various generalizations, including multiple dynamic functions, multiple kernels, and adaptive observation noise covariances. IMGM learns the dynamical model that best fits the data from a pool of available models. Thus, the resultant adaptive algorithm does not require offline model training. Numerical tests with synthetic and real datasets demonstrate the superior tracking performance of the novel approach compared to the mode-clairvoyant existing alternatives.
Optimized scalable circular grating with efficient photon extraction for Nitrogen Vacancy centers in a bulk diamond (2015)

We numerically demonstrate an optimized circular grating for Nitrogen-Vacancy centers with collection efficiency of 35.8% for Zero-Phonon emission into NA within 0.5, which is improved to 63.9% by adding a conductive layer. The optimal structure is fabricated using transferred hard mask lithography.
Multifunctional integrated photonics in the mid-infrared with suspended AlGaAs on silicon (2019)

The microscale integration of mid- and longwave-infrared photonics could enable the development of fieldable, robust chemical sensors, as well as highly efficient infrared frequency converters. However, such technology would be defined by the choice of material platform, which immediately determines the strength and types of optical nonlinearities available, the optical transparency window, modal confinement, and physical robustness. In this work, we demonstrate a new platform, suspended AlGaAs waveguides integrated on silicon, providing excellent performance in all of these metrics. We demonstrate low propagation losses within a span of nearly two octaves (1.26 to 4.6 $μ$m) with exemplary performance of 0.45 dB/cm at $λ= 2.4$ $μ$m. We exploit the high nonlinearity of this platform to demonstrate 1560 nm-pumped second-harmonic generation and octave-spanning supercontinuum reaching out to 2.3 $μ$m with 3.4 pJ pump pulse energy. With mid-IR pumping, we generate supercontinuum spanning from 2.3 to 6.5 $μ$m. Finally, we demonstrate the versatility of the platform with mid-infrared passive devices such as low-loss 10 $μ$m-radius bends, compact power splitters with 96 $\pm$ 1% efficiency and edge couplers with 3.0 $\pm$ 0.1 dB loss. This platform has strong potential for multi-functional integrated photonic systems in the mid-IR.
Characterization of a Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus Type 2 Reference Standard Material (2020)

A recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 2 Reference Standard Material (rAAV2 RSM) has been produced and characterized with the purpose of providing a reference standard for particle titer, vector genome titer, and infectious titer for AAV2 gene transfer vectors. Production and purification of the reference material were carried out by helper virus–free transient transfection and chromatographic purification. The purified bulk material was vialed, confirmed negative for microbial contamination, and then distributed for characterization along with standard assay protocols and assay reagents to 16 laboratories worldwide. Using statistical transformation and modeling of the raw data, mean titers and confidence intervals were determined for capsid particles ({X}, 9.18 × 1011 particles/ml; 95% confidence interval [CI], 7.89 × 1011 to 1.05 × 1012 particles/ml), vector genomes ({X}, 3.28 × 1010 vector genomes/ml; 95% CI, 2.70 × 1010 to 4.75 × 1010 vector genomes/ml), transducing units ({X}, 5.09 × 108 transducing units/ml; 95% CI, 2.00 × 108 to 9.60 × 108 transducing units/ml), and infectious units ({X}, 4.37 × 109 TCID50 IU/ml; 95% CI, 2.06 × 109 to 9.26 × 109 TCID50 IU/ml). Further analysis confirmed the identity of the reference material as AAV2 and the purity relative to nonvector proteins as greater than 94%. One obvious trend in the quantitative data was the degree of variation between institutions for each assay despite the relatively tight correlation of assay results within an institution. This relatively poor degree of interlaboratory precision and accuracy was apparent even though attempts were made to standardize the assays by providing detailed protocols and common reagents. This is the first time that such variation between laboratories has been thoroughly documented and the findings emphasize the need in the field for universal reference standards. The rAAV2 RSM has been deposited with the American Type Culture Collection and is available to the scientific community to calibrate laboratory-specific internal titer standards. Anticipated uses of the rAAV2 RSM are discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Antibody‐Catalyzed Glycosyl Transfer Reactions from in vitro Immunization. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The influence of formulation and spacer device on the in vitro performance of solution chlorofluorocarbon-free propellant-driven metered dose inhalers (2020)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the hypothesis that spacer devices have limited effect on the in vitro fine particle dose emitted from solution metered dose inhalers containing different proportions of HFA134a [1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane] propellant. Two solution formulations (80% and 97.5% wt/wt HFA134a) were tested across the actuator alone, actuator plus Aerochamber, and Ace holding chamber. Particle size distributions were determined using laser diffraction (LD) and cascade impaction (CI). Multimodal particle size distributions were identified using LD. CI analyses were characterized by a major mode located at ≈0.5 μm. The fine particle dose emitted from the inhaler spacer combinations containing 97.5% HFA134a was independent of the device setup used. Fine particle doses were influenced by spacer setup in 80% HFA134a formulations, indicating different plume dynamics of low vapor pressure formulations. Sampling inlet deposition was approximately O when spacer devices were used with either formulation. When spacers were not used, sampling inlet deposition was increased significantly. However, inlet deposition with the 97.5% HFA134a formulation was significantly less than that of the 80% HFA134a formulation (≈25% of emitted dose compared with 69% respectively). Thus, high propellant concentration formulations appear to have more robust in vitro performance. This is particularly important given the preponderance of poor patient compliance that is associated with spacer use. High propellant concentrations had the advantage of fine particle doses that were independent of the device setup and significantly lowered sampling inlet deposition when no spacer was used.