gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Novel Application of In Vivo Electron Spin Resonance Shows Enhanced Signal Decay in the Brains of Stroke‐Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (2007)

Increased oxidative stress has an important role in the pathogenesis of hypertension. In the brain, oxidative stress and its involvement in the neural mechanisms of hypertension are unknown. We developed a non‐invasive method using the in vivo electron spin resonance (ESR)/spin probe technique to examine oxidative stress in the brains of 12‐week‐old stroke‐prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR‐SP) and age‐matched Wistar‐Kyoto rats (WKY) as controls. We used low frequency (300 MHz) ESR because it has good penetration through the rat head in vivo , and 3‐methoxycarbonyl‐2,2,5,5‐tetramethylpyrrolidine‐1‐oxyl (MC‐PROXYL) as the blood‐brain barrier‐permeable spin probe. Intravenous MC‐PROXYL produced specific ESR spectra in the rat brain. The signal decay rate indicated an enhancement in the brains of SHR‐SP compared to those of controls (signal decay rate: [a] 0.120±0.014 min −1 , [b] 0.094±0.017 min −1 , respectively, p = 0.007, n = 6 for each). Further, coadministration of the probe with dimethylthiourea, a potent free radical scavenger, significantly attenuated the signal decay rate in SHR‐SP (0.101±0.009 min −1 , p = 0.01 compared with the reference probe [a], n = 6) but not in WKY (0.095±0.009 min −1 , NS compared with the reference probe [b], n = 3). These data suggest that this ESR method with a specific spin probe is useful for evaluating oxidative stress levels in the rat brain in vivo .
A demonstration of one-atom detection (1977)

Resonance ionization spectroscopy, a photoionization method in which all of a given quantum selected species are converted to ion pairs, has been used to develop a detector for a single atom. We have demonstrated the detection of one atom by using a pulsed dye laser to photoionize Cs to saturation and a proportional counter for the detection of single electrons. Some current applications, e.g., the slow transport and chemical reactions of atoms, are briefly discussed. Future applications may include the detection of rare events such as quarks, solar neutrinos, and superheavy elements.
A genome-wide screen for acrophobia susceptibility loci in a Finnish isolate (2016)

Acrophobia, an abnormal fear of heights, is a specific phobia characterized as apprehension cued by the occurrence or anticipation of elevated spaces. It is considered a complex trait with onset influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Identification of genetic risk variants would provide novel insight into the genetic basis of the fear of heights phenotype and contribute to the molecular-level understanding of its aetiology. Genetic isolates may facilitate identification of susceptibility alleles due to reduced genetic heterogeneity. We took advantage of an internal genetic isolate in Finland in which a distinct acrophobia phenotype appears to be segregating in pedigrees originally ascertained for schizophrenia. We conducted parametric, nonparametric, joint linkage and linkage disequilibrium analyses using a microsatellite marker panel, genotyped in families to search for chromosomal regions correlated with acrophobia. Our results implicated a few regions with suggestive evidence for linkage on chromosomes 4q28 (LOD = 2.17), 8q24 (LOD = 2.09) and 13q21-q22 (LOD = 2.22). We observed no risk haplotypes shared between different families. These results suggest that genetic predisposition to acrophobia in this genetic isolate is unlikely to be mediated by a small number of shared high-risk alleles, but rather has a complex genetic architecture.
Direct Current Reduces Plasma Protein Extravasation after Partial-Thickness Burn Injury in Rats (1996)

DC has a beneficial effect in reducing plasma protein extravasation after burn injury.
DNA Methylation at the Novel CpG Sites in the Promoter ofMED15/PCQAPGene as a Biomarker for Head and Neck Cancers (2014)

Head and neck cancers (HNCs) represent a significant and ever-growing burden to the modern society, mainly due to the lack of early diagnostic methods. A significant number of HNCs is often associated with drinking, smoking, chewing beetle nut, and human papilloma virus (HPV) infections. We have analyzed DNA methylation patterns in tumor and normal tissue samples collected from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients who were smokers. We have identified novel methylation sites in the promoter of the mediator complex subunit 15 (MED15/PCQAP) gene (encoing a co-factor important for regulation of transcription initiation for promoters of many genes), hypermethylated specifically in tumor cells. Two clusters of CpG dinucleotides methylated in tumors, but not in normal tissue from the same patients, were identified. These CpG methylation events in saliva samples were further validated in a separate cohort of HNSCC patients (who developed cancer due to smoking or HPV infections) and healthy controls using methylation-specific PCR (MSP). We used saliva as a biological medium because of its non-invasive nature, close proximity to the tumors, easiness and it is an economically viable option for large-scale screening studies. The methylation levels for the two identified CpG clusters were significantly different between the saliva samples collected from healthy controls and HNSCC individuals (Welch's t-test returning P < 0.05 and Mann-Whitney test P < 0.01 for both). The developed MSP assays also provided a good discriminative ability with AUC values of 0.70 (P < 0.01) and 0.63 (P < 0.05). The identified novel CpG methylation sites may serve as potential non-invasive biomarkers for detecting HNSCC.
Hip Arthroscopic Surgery (2013)

Arthroscopic surgery in the hip joint has historically lagged behind its counterparts in the shoulder and knee. However, the management of hip injuries in the athletic population has rapidly evolved over the past decade with our improved understanding of mechanical hip pathology as well as the marked improvement in imaging modalities and arthroscopic techniques. Current indications for hip arthroscopic surgery may include symptomatic labral tears, femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), hip capsular laxity/instability, chondral lesions, disorders of the peritrochanteric or deep gluteal space, septic joint, loose bodies, and ligamentum teres injuries. Furthermore, hip arthroscopic surgery is developing an increasingly important role as an adjunct diagnostic and therapeutic tool in conjunction with open femoral and/or periacetabular osteotomy for complex hip deformities. Arthroscopic techniques have evolved to allow for effective and comprehensive treatment of various hip deformities. Techniques for extensile arthroscopic capsulotomies have allowed for improved central and peripheral compartment exposure and access for labral takedown, refixation, treatment of chondral injury, and osteochondroplasty of the femoral head-neck junction and acetabular rim. While favorable short-term and midterm clinical outcomes have been reported after arthroscopic treatment of prearthritic hip lesions, greater long-term follow-up is necessary to assess the efficacy of hip arthroscopic surgery in altering the natural history and progressive degenerative changes associated with FAI.
Tutorial on vibration and sound (2023)

Over the years I have written many tutorials on vibroacoustics. This tutorial summarizes much of the material in those articles, starting with structural flexural vibrations and how they radiate sound. I explain structural modes of vibration, how they sum into structural mobilities, and how to use infinite plate theory to estimate the means of those mobilities. I also show that as structural damping increases, the mobilities of finite structures converge to that of an infinite structure. Next, you will see how structural flexural waves radiate sound into adjacent acoustic spaces. The radiated sound power may be normalized to a nondimensional radiation efficiency. Next we will examine fluid loading effects on structures, including loading from exterior and internal acoustic regions. I will show how exterior heavy fluid loading (from water) significantly mass loads and radiation damps structural vibrations. I will also show how internal air cavities can stiffen low order structural modes, and in some cases cause coupled oscillator behavior when structural and cavity mode resonance frequencies coincide. Finally, I will explore the fundamentals of sound transmission loss through structural barriers. My complete tutorial series on vibroacoustics is available at hambricacoustics.com.
Concurrent DWDM transmission with ring modulators driven by a comb laser with 50GHz channel spacing (2016)

A multi-channel ring-based transmitter is excited by a comb laser with 50GHz channel spacing and two channels are concurrently modulated at 10Gb/s. Bit error ratio tests show ∼3dB optical power penalty for 50GHz relative to larger channel spacing.
The Effects of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 and Nerve Growth Factor on Denervated Muscle Atrophy (2001)

The effects of growth factors on denervated muscle atrophy in mouse gastrocnemius muscle were studied by morphometric, physiologic and histologic methods. Fifteen mice were randomized into three groups: intact, denervated-insulin-like growth factor-1-treated (D-IGF-1) and denervated-nerve growth factor-treated (D-NGF). In denervated animals, the left sides were used as a control by injecting balanced salt solution (HBSS), while the right sides were injected with growth factors. The mean wet weight and the mean wet weight/body weight were significantly higher in D-IGF-1 muscles compared to the D-NGF and D-HBSS muscles, but were not different from the muscle of intact controls. Physiologic testing showed that the mean maximal tetanic twitch strength and the mean maximal fast twitch strength were also significantly higher in the D-IGF-1 muscles than in the D-NGF and D-HBSS muscles. Mean time-to-peak was significantly only decreased in the D-NGF muscles. Histological studies found that the mean percentage of type 2 fiber was significantly higher in D-NGF muscles. The types I and II mean diameters in the D-IGF-1 muscles were larger than in the D-NGF and D-HBSS muscles, but all denervated muscles had higher interstitial fibrosis than the intact controls. In conclusion, we show that IGF-1 can effectively retard denervated muscle atrophy by increasing types I and II fibre muscle diameter. However, IGF-1 cannot prevent interstitial fibrosis in the denervated muscle.
Multigene profiling of single circulating tumor cells (2017)

Numerous techniques for isolating circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have been developed. Concurrently, single-cell techniques that can reveal molecular components of CTCs have become widely available. We discuss how the combination of isolation and multigene profiling of single CTCs in our platform can facilitate eventual translation to the clinic.
Influence of High-Speed Train Power Consumption and Arc Fault Resistances on a Novel Ground Fault Location Method for 2 × 25 kV Railway Power Supply Systems (2018)

The 2 × 25 kV power supply system is the most frequently used traction rail system to provide the huge power needed by high-speed trains. However, locating the ground fault in this power supply system is more complicated than in other configurations of electrical railway power supply due to the installation of autotransformers throughout the line section. In previous papers, the authors have described a ground fault location method with an insignificant installation cost. The method and, moreover, the location discriminate between whether the ground fault is located between a positive conductor and ground or a negative conductor and ground. The current of the high-speed train influences the accuracy of the location of the ground fault. An additional factor which influences the location method is the existence of an arc resistance between the positive or negative conductor and ground. In this paper, the influence of high-speed train currents and arc resistances are analysed to evaluate the error in the location method. The major conclusion of the paper is that the location method has an acceptable precision even taking into consideration the high-speed train current and arc resistance. The validation of the method has been performed by laboratory tests and computer simulations with satisfactory results.
High-Rate Activated Sludge System for Carbon Removal – Pilot Results and Crucial Process Parameters (2013)

The high6rate activated sludge (HRAS) process is suitable for the removal of organics from wastewater. The application of this process recognizes that there are mainly three forms of substrate in wastewater – particulate, colloidal, and soluble. Particulate and colloidal substrates are removed effectively from solution by biological flocculation whereas the soluble fraction can be removed by intracellular storage, biosynthesis or biological oxidation. Experiments were devised to understand the impact of important process parameters such as solids retention time (SRT), hydraulic residence time (HRT) and dissolved oxygen (DO) levels on the performance of HRAS. The results indicated that DO concentrations of less than 0.5 mg/L had a significant impact on the removal levels of particulate and colloidal chemical oxygen demand (COD). In the case of soluble COD, the removal rates were significantly impacted at DO levels of 0.1 mg/L. Particulate and colloidal COD removal was maximized at SRT and HRT values of 2 days and 30 minutes, respectively. However, the soluble COD removal was high at SRT values of as low as 0.3 days. These results seem to indicate that the removal of soluble substrate is less affected by changes on the process parameters tested during this study than the particulate and colloidal COD removal fractions.
Monitoring the purification of tobacco smoke in air assisted by ZnO nanowires and using MEMS-FTIR spectrometer for online continuous analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (2019)

We have studied polluting gases in tobacco smoke by investigating the phenomenon of capturing and photocatalysis effects of ZnO nanowire array (NWA). Capturing and photocatalysis reactions were continuously tracked by FTIR spectroscopy. The presence of ZnO improves the capture rate at room temperature, while the photocatalytic reactions can lead to a further reduction of the pollutants. MEMS-FTIR spectrometer operating in the Mid-Infra-Red appeared as a very promising tool for the online monitoring of air purification process.
Enucleation of Colchicine Treated Mammalian Cells (1975)

In 1967 Carter reported that the drug cytochalasin B (CB) causes the nucleus of most mammalian cells growing in monolayer culture to protrude from the cell surface and that a small percentage of these cells spontaneously enucleate. Prescott et al. discovered that by using centrifugation in the presence of CB up to 98% of the cells remaining attached to the substrate can be enucleated. One could thus separate cells into nuclear (karyoplast) and cytoplasmic portions. The surface morphology and fine structure of these components have been described. In another area of research Phillips and Phillips earlier reported that when logarithmically growing mammalian cells were treated with 5.0 x 10 -5 M colchicine for 16-36 hours a majority of the cells become micronucleated. Recently Ege and Ringertz reported that colchicine induced micronucleated cells can also be enucleated by combining centrifugation with CB treatment [5].
A New Current Crowding Phenomenon for Flip-Chip-on-Leadframe (FCOL) Package and its Impact on Electromigration Reliability (2022)

Electromigration (EM) is a critical problem for interconnect reliability of modern integrated circuits (ICs) packages. In flip-chip-on-leadframe (FCOL) package, a new current crowding phenomenon at the solder joints interface is observed that exacerbates the maximum current density. To address this recent phenomenon, in this work, we detail the mechanisms of the electric current paths that lead to a potential adjustment of the average current density parameter in the current Black’s mean time to failure (MTTF) mathematical model. An appropriate design-of-experiment (DOE) for the FCOL package is developed. Through extensive simulation via a 3D quasi-static solver, the potential impact of this new phenomenon is assessed and quantified. A 35% increase in maximum current density was observed under the worst-case condition. Implications of the findings for future high-density microelectronic is under investigation experimentally.
Theory of the Manganese Disproportionation at the (100) Surface of LiMn2O4 (2016)

Owing to its ease of preparation, low cost and non-toxicity, LiMn 2 O 4 (LMO) has become a promising candidate to replace LiCoO 2 as a cathode material in high power Li-ion batteries. However, the performance of LiMn 2 O 4 cathode is limited by capacity fade, particularly at high temperatures. It is believed that the capacity fade of LiMn 2 O 4 is driven by the loss of Mn resulting from the disproportionation of surface Mn 3+ with the resultant divalent Mn ions dissolving into stray moisture and electrolyte. In this work, we explore the mechanism of Mn disproportionation at the surface of LiMn 2 O 4 using theoretical approaches, based on density functional theory to determine the mechanism of disproportionation and the effect of surface dopants. The thermodynamic driving force for disproportionation for different surface compositions will be discussed.
More bipolar than bipolar disorder – a polygenic risk score analysis of postpartum psychosis (2023)

Introduction Postpartum psychosis is a rare psychiatric emergency, occurring days to weeks after 1-2 per 1000 deliveries. Its low prevalence makes it difficult to recruit enough participants to investigate the underlying pathophysiology. It is epidemiologically linked to bipolar disorder, which one study also found it to resemble in genetic susceptibility for psychiatric disorders (Di Florio et al . Lancet Psych 2021; 8: 1045–52). Objectives In this study we aim to investigate polygenic liability for psychiatric disorders in two new Swedish postpartum psychosis cohorts. Methods Cases with postpartum psychosis, defined as a psychiatric hospitalization within 6 weeks after delivery, and/or receiving a diagnosis of F53.1 (ICD 10) or 294.40 (ICD 8.), parous women with severe mental illness without postpartum psychosis, and healthy parous controls were identified in two Swedish genetic studies: the Swedish bipolar collection (SWEBIC) and Predictors for ECT (PREFECT). Polygenic risk scores (PRS) were calculated from summary statistics from genome wide studies on bipolar disorder (Mullins et al. Nat Genet 2021; 53 817-829), schizophrenia (Trubetskoy et al. Nature 2022; 604 502-508) and major depression (Wray et al . Nat Genet. 2018; 50 668-681). The p-value thresholds best predicting their respective phenotype were used in logistic regression analyses with the first six principal components and genotyping platform as confounders. Results We identified 176 patients with postpartum psychosis and genetic information (N(SWEBIC)=126, N(PREFECT)=50). Compared with healthy parous women, patients with postpartum psychosis had significantly higher PRS for bipolar disorder (SWEBIC: odds ratio [OR] 2.6 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.9-3.5), PREFECT: OR 2.4 (95% CI 1.8-3.2), Figure 1.) and schizophrenia (SWEBIC: OR 1.6 (95% CI 1.2-2.2), PREFECT: OR 1.8 (95%; CI 1.3-2.5)). Patients with postpartum psychosis had significantly higher PRS for bipolar disorder (SWEBIC: OR 1.4 (95% CI 1.2-1.8), PREFECT: OR 1.5 (95% CI 1.1-2)) compared with parous women with severe mental illness without postpartum psychosis. We found no associations with major depression PRS in either cohort. Image: Conclusions We replicated previous findings of significantly higher PRS for bipolar disorder and schizophrenia in postpartum psychosis compared with healthy controls. In contrast to previous research, we find postpartum psychosis cases to have higher PRS for bipolar disorder than bipolar disorder cases. Our findings highlight the genetic influence in postpartum psychosis and support previous genetic and epidemiological evidence that postpartum psychosis lies on the bipolar spectrum. Disclosure of Interest None Declared
In Situ Studies of Fuel Oxidation in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (2007)

Existing electrochemical experiments and models of fuel oxidation postulate about the importance of different oxidation pathways and relative fuel conversion efficiencies, but specific information is often lacking. Experiments described below present the first direct, in situ measurements of relevant chemical species formed on solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) cermet anodes operating with both butane and CO fuel feeds. Raman spectroscopy is used to acquire vibrational spectra from SOFC anodes at 715 degrees C during operation. Both C4H10 and CO form graphitic intermediates. In the limit of a large oxide flux, excess butane forms ordered graphite but only transiently. At higher cell potentials (e.g., less current being drawn) ordered and disordered graphite form on the Ni cermet anode following exposure to butane, and under open circuit voltage (OCV) conditions the graphite persists indefinitely. The chemistry of CO oxidation is such that ordered graphite and a Ni-COO intermediate form only at intermediate cell potentials. Concurrent voltammetry studies show that the formation of graphite with butane at OCV leads first to decreased cell performance after exposure to 25 cm3 butane, then recovered performance after 75 cm3. CO voltammetry data show that at lower potentials the oxide flux through the YSZ electrolyte is sufficient to oxidize the Ni in the anode especially near the interface with the electrolyte.
Advanced Lasers for Fusion Applications (1978)

Advanced Lasers subsystems performance requirements for a fusion power reactor are presented and analyzed in the context of an energy-storage laser medium. Three types of energy-storing laser media are identified: 1) the Group VI atoms, 2) selected rare-earth doped solids, and 3) rare-earth molecular gases. The operating principles, basic parameters, and conceptual designs for high energy amplifiers are outlined for 1) atomic selenium pumped photolytically with rare-gas excimer radiation, 2) thulium-doped glass pumped with XeF excimer radiation, and 3) terbium chelate vapor pumped with KrF excimer radiation. The use of energy nonstoring laser media, particularly the rare-gas monohalide excimers, are discussed in the context of short-pulse fusion applications. The concept of backward wave Raman pulse compression is introduced as one attractive means toward this end. The basic parameters and a conceptual design of a KrF pumped methane (CH4 ) Raman compressor laser are presented. On the basis of exploratory experiments and computer modeling of amplifier devices and systems, all of the systems discussed here appear scientifically and technologically scalable in energy to hundreds of kilojoules. Systems efficiencies are projected to be in the range of 1-5%, subject to favorable resolution of a few remaining physics and technological issues.