gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Control of Diabetes with Artificial Systems for Insulin Delivery Algorithm Independent Limitations Revealed by a Modeling Study (1985)

The causes of the inability of insulin infusion systems to restore normal metabolic conditions in diabetic subjects have been investigated with the aid of modeling and computer simulation. It has been possible to compute, by the model, the so-called minimal insulin profile with peripheral insulin infusion, i. e., the time course of plasma insulin which should be observed in a diabetic subject after an oral glucose test, when insulin is infused in a peripheral vein, in order to have a normal blood glucose profile. This profile allows assessment of the performance of insulin infusion systems by evidencing the relative role of the route of infusion and of the control algorithm on the normalization of metabolic control. It is concluded that the route of infusion is of major importance, while the control algorithm plays a minor role. The importance of modeling and simulation in circumstances, which make in vivo experiments; unfeasible or unethical, is emphasized along with the clinical and physiological relevance of the results.
Tumor-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles Inhibit the Efficacy of CAR T Cells against Solid Tumors (2023)

Small extracellular vesicles secreted by solid tumors inhibit CAR T cells, which provide a molecular explanation for CAR T-cell resistance and suggests that strategies targeting exosome secretion may enhance CAR T-cell efficacy. See related commentary by Ortiz-Espinosa and Srivastava, p. 2637.
T Cell Repertoire Diversity Is Required for Relapses in Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein-Induced Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (2007)

Comparison of TCRalphabeta repertoires of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-specific T lymphocytes in C57BL/6 and TdT-deficient littermates (TdT(-/-)) generated during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) highlights a link between a diversified TCRalphabeta repertoire and EAE relapses. At the onset of the disease, the EAE-severity is identical in TdT(+/-) and TdT(-/-) mice and the neuropathologic public MOG-specific T cell repertoires express closely similar public Valpha-Jalpha and Vbeta-Jbeta rearrangements in both strains. However, whereas TdT(+/+) and TdT(+/-) mice undergo successive EAE relapses, TdT(-/-) mice recover definitively and the lack of relapses does not stem from dominant regulatory mechanisms. During the first relapse of the disease in TdT(+/-) mice, new public Valpha-Jalpha and Vbeta-Jbeta rearrangements emerge that are distinct from those detected at the onset of the disease. Most of these rearrangements contain N additions and are found in CNS-infiltrating T lymphocytes. Furthermore, CD4(+) T splenocytes bearing these rearrangements proliferate to the immunodominant epitope of MOG and not to other immunodominant epitopes of proteolipid protein and myelin basic protein autoantigens, excluding epitope spreading to these myelin proteins. Thus, in addition to epitope spreading, a novel mechanism involving TCRalphabeta repertoire diversification contributes to autoimmune progression.
An expedient and rapid High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic method for the kinetic study of Ketoprofen (2020)

A convenient and rapid High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) based protocol was optimized for the routine analysis and kinetic study of Ketoprofen (KP) in plasma and urinary execration of patients. The optimized HPLC method was found to be linear over the wide range of KP concentration (1–90 µg/mL) with substantial recovery rates (95.5–97.63%) of calibration standards at an improved detection (0.02 μg/mL LoD) and quantitation limit (0.06 μg/mL LoQ) and acceptable inter and intraday variability (RSD ≤ 7.75%). The maximum amount (μg/mL) of KP was excreted through the urine of all participated patients during the first two hours (h) of oral administration. Likewise, a fast depletion in blood plasma concentration started early after oral administration. Overall, the present method provided a convenient, rapid, and reliable solution for the routine analysis and kinetic study of KP in biological samples.
ChemInform Abstract: Cross‐Coupling Reactions in Cinchona Alkaloid Chemistry: Aryl‐Substituted and Dimeric Quinine, Quinidine, as well as Quincorine and Quincoridine Derivatives. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A Metal−Insulator Transition in R2O2Bi with an Unusual Bi2− Square Net (R = Rare Earth or Y) (2011)

A series of tetragonal ThCr(2)Si(2)-type compounds, R(2)O(2)Bi (R = rare earth or Y), are synthesized in which an unusual Bi(2-) anion forms a square net layer that is sandwiched between (R(2)O(2))(2+) fluorite layers. Two-dimensional (2D) electronic bands around the Fermi energy are predominantly composed of 6p(x)6p(y) orbitals in the Bi(2-) square net, which contains a positive hole per Bi(2-) ion. The decrease in the size of the square net caused by reducing the size of the R ion enhances the electrical conductivity because of the hole, resulting in a "chemical pressure"-induced metal-insulator transition.
Inorganic Crystallization Engineered by the Dynamic Adsorption of Linear and Particulate Polyelectrolytes (2018)

For most of natural hybrid materials, the shape of mineral crystals is controlled by natural polymers (e.g., proteins) to provide designated and unique physical properties and functions. Synthetic hybrid materials, which show comparable performance to the natural ones, require well-controlled crystal growth. In particular, the dynamic process including adsorption of the polymers on the crystal surface plays a significant role. We investigated CaSO4·0.5H2O crystallization in the presence of linear or particulate charged macromolecules, which can interact electrostatically with the crystals. Not only the static factors such as concentration and charge fraction but also the diffusion dynamics of the charged macromolecules were found crucial to involve the complete inhibition of growth and the subsequent shape transition of the crystals. This leads to the elucidation of semiquantitative relationships between dynamic factors such as the diffusion of macromolecules and the rate of crystal growth to the growth inhibition. The diffusion-limited adsorption model was coherent with the experimental evidence, i.e., the effects of molecular weight of linear polyelectrolyte and the size of charged spherical micelles. This fundamental understanding of dynamic adsorption during the crystal growth would provide the basis for the kinetic control of polymer/inorganic hybrid assembly in both biological and engineering contexts.
4H-SiC Material for Hall Effect and High-Temperature Sensors Working in Harsh Environments (2002)

We report electrical and optical measurements performed on low-doped, n-type 4H-SiC. We show that below a typical carrier concentration of similar to5 10(15) cm(-3) at room temperature, they work in the so-called exhaustion regime from 300 K. The carrier concentration remains constant and the resistivity increases linearly at a rate of 3400 ppm/K from 500 to 800 K. This establishes low doped SiC as a good candidate to produce high performance Hall sensors, working in harsh environment, with a large sensitivity and a low thermal drift.
Trapping Metallic Liquid Mercury in a Carbon Shell by the Decomposition of Dimethyl Mercury (2008)

An efficient single-step synthesis of mercury droplets covered with a carbon shell by the thermolysis of dimethyl mercury under its autogenic pressure is described. This is a unique case in which a liquid metal is trapped inside a nano- and micrometer size carbon capsule. The air-stability and the characterization by XRD, TEM, DSC, HRSEM, and HRTEM of this composite are reported. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2089/2008/c1980_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Comparisons of motion‐blur assessment strategies for newly emergent LCD and backlight driving technologies (2008)

Abstract— Compared to the conventional cathode‐ray‐tube TV, the conventional liquid‐crystal TV has the shortcoming of motion blur. Motion blur can be characterized by the motion‐picture response‐time metric (MPRT). The MPRT of a display can be measured directly using a commercial MPRT instrument, but it is expensive in comparison with a photodiode that is used in temporal‐response (temporal luminance transition) measurements. An alternative approach is to determine the motion blur indirectly via the temporal point‐spread function (PSF), which does not need an accurate tracking mechanism as required for the direct “spatial” measurement techniques. In this paper, the measured motion blur is compared by using both the spatial‐tracking‐camera approach and the temporal‐response approach at various backlight flashing widths. In comparison to other motion‐blur studies, this work has two unique advantages: (1) both spatial and temporal information was measured simultaneously and (2) several temporal apertures of the display were used to represent different temporal PSFs. This study shows that the temporal method is an attractive alternative for the MPRT instrument to characterize the LCD's temporal performance.
Genetic ablation of Cyclin D1 abrogates genesis of rhabdoid tumors resulting from Ini1 loss (2005)

Rhabdoid tumors are aggressive pediatric malignancies for which, currently, there are no effective or standard treatment strategies. Rhabdoid tumors arise because of the loss of the tumor suppressor gene INI1. We have previously demonstrated that INI1 represses Cyclin D1 transcription in rhabdoid cells by directly recruiting histone deacetylase 1 complex to its promoter, leading to G(0)-G(1) arrest. Expression of Cyclin D1 overcomes cell cycle arrest mediated by INI1 and Cyclin D1 overexpression in human rhabdoid tumors is a common phenomenon. However, it is not clear whether Cyclin D1 is a critical downstream target of INI1 in vivo and whether the derepression of this gene is essential for rhabdoid tumorigenesis. To determine the requirement of Cyclin D1 for genesis of rhabdoid tumors in vivo, we developed Ini1 heterozygous mice by targeted disruption. We found that the tumors developed in these Ini1+/- mice are rhabdoid, defective for Ini1 protein, and like the human tumors, express Cyclin D1. We crossed Ini1+/- mice to Cyclin D1-/- mice and found that Ini1+/- mice with Cyclin D1 deficiency did not develop any spontaneous tumors, in contrast to the parental Ini1+/- mice. These results strongly support the hypothesis that Cyclin D1 is a key mediator in the genesis of rhabdoid tumors. Our results provide an in vivo proof of concept that drugs that target Cyclin D1 expression or activity could be potentially effective as novel therapeutic agents for rhabdoid tumors.
Abstract 2332: Alphavbeta6 integrin, a downstream effector of TGFbeta, promotes prostate cancer osteolytic lesions (2010)

Abstract Integrins and their extracellular matrix ligands are crucial regulators of cancer progression. We show in the present study that the alphaVbeta6 integrin is abundantly expressed in human bone metastasis and enhances metastatic bone disease, which occurs frequently in prostate and breast cancer patients. Our analysis shows that alphaVbeta6 is upregulated in prostate cancer cells via a pro-metastatic signaling pathway mediated by TGFbeta and SMAD3. Given alphaVbeta6 ability to act as a downstream effector of TGFbeta, we tested the ability of alphaVbeta6 to mediate metastatic cancer growth in bone in vivo. We injected PC3 cells stably transfected with alphaVbeta6 in the tibiae of SCID mice. Intraosseous growth of these cells results in extensive osteolytic lesions. Micro-computed tomographic reconstruction of the various bone lesions demonstrates that expression of alphaVbeta6 promotes the appearance of osteolytic lesions beginning at 2 weeks after injection of the tumor cells, further progressing to massive trabecular and cortical bone loss by 4 and 8 weeks. In contrast, intraosseous growth of cells expressing alphaVbeta5, another alphaV containing integrin known to promote metastasis, does not result in osteolytic lesions at the same time intervals and causes woven bone deposition in the medullary cavity. Intraosseous tumors produced by intratibial injection of alphaVbeta6- or alphaVbeta5-expressing prostate cancer cells grew with indistinguishable kinetics, thus ruling out that the enhanced formation of osteolytic lesions mediated by alphaVbeta6 was simply due to accelerated tumor growth. Further analysis shows that alphaVbeta6 contributes to osteolytic lesions by selective upregulation of MMP2 levels in PC3 tumors in vivo, which, in contrast, is not observed in alphaVbeta5- PC3 tumors. These findings show for the first time a mechanism that promotes alphaV integrin-mediated osteolysis in prostate cancer metastatic growth and suggest that the players involved are targets for future personalized therapies of prostate cancer. Grant support: NIH R01 CA089720 (LRL). Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2332.
LncRNA H19 Suppresses Osteosarcomagenesis by Regulating snoRNAs and DNA Repair Protein Complexes (2021)

Osteosarcoma is one of the most frequent common primary malignant tumors in childhood and adolescence. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to regulate the initiation and progression of tumors. However, the exact molecular mechanisms involving lncRNA in osteosarcomagenesis remain largely unknown. Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) is a familial cancer syndrome caused by germline p53 mutation. We investigated the tumor suppressor function of lncRNA H19 in LFS-associated osteosarcoma. Analyzing H19-induced transcriptome alterations in LFS induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived osteoblasts, we unexpectedly discovered a large group of snoRNAs whose expression was significantly affected by H19. We identified SNORA7A among the H19-suppressed snoRNAs. SNORA7A restoration impairs H19-mediated osteogenesis and tumor suppression, indicating an oncogenic role of SNORA7A. TCGA analysis indicated that SNORA7A expression is associated with activation of oncogenic signaling and poor survival in cancer patients. Using an optimized streptavidin-binding RNA aptamer designed from H19 lncRNA, we revealed that H19-tethered protein complexes include proteins critical for DNA damage response and repair, confirming H19's tumor suppressor role. In summary, our findings demonstrate a critical role of H19-modulated SNORA7A expression in LFS-associated osteosarcomas.
(Invited) Computational Insight and Design of Cathode Materials and Electrolytes for Li-O2 Batteries (2015)

Rechargeable aprotic lithium-oxygen (Li-O 2 ) batteries are the subject of much current research because their potential high energy density; however, many challenges remain for Li-O 2 batteries. Computational studies of cathode and electrolyte materials for Li-O 2 batteries can provide key insight into their materials properties as well as aid in the design of new improved materials. In this paper we report on density functional calculations and mesoscale level simulations being carried out to try to understand the properties of cathode materials and how they control the growth and nucleation mechanism, which result in different morphologies and affects the charge overpotentials. Design of new cathode materials based on the structure-function relationships found in these studies is discussed. In addition, we also report on electrolyte decomposition mechanisms that can occur in Li-O 2 batteries due to surface reactions and solution phase reactions. The use of high throughput computational screening techniques for discovery of new electrolytes for Li-O 2 batteries will be discussed. In this approach we effectively down-select large pools of candidates based on successive property evaluation.
New Crystalline Frameworks Formed from 1,2-Bis(4-pyridyl)ethyne and Co(NO3)2:  Interpenetrating Molecular Ladders and an Unexpected Molecular Parquet Pattern from T-Shaped Building Blocks (1999)

Two isomeric members of an organic/inorganic network family, both with the formula Co(NO3)2(C12N2H8)1.5·MeOH, have been obtained in a one-pot synthesis by the reaction of 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethyne with cobalt(II) nitrate hexahydrate in a MeOH/MeCN solvent mixture. Compound 1 (shown) has an unexpected undulating molecular parquet pattern, while compound 2 has an infinite one-dimensional pattern with interpenetrating molecular ladders. Both isomers feature a heptacoordinate cobalt atom, surrounded by three 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethyne ligands and two bidentate nitrate ligands. The three 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethyne ligands around the cobalt atom define a slightly distorted T-shaped building block, on which the infinite frameworks of both compounds are based.
Influence of Leading Design Parameters on the Force Performance of a Complementary and Modular Linear Flux-Switching Permanent-Magnet Motor (2013)

This paper investigates the influence of some leading design parameters on the force performance of a new complementary and modular linear flux-switching permanent-magnet (LFSPM) motor. The originality of the proposed structure is that each phase consists of two “E”-shaped modules, whose positions are mutually 180 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> electrical degrees apart. Also, there is a flux barrier between the two modules. First, the structure and influence of some leading design parameters on the force performance of the complementary and modular LFSPM motor are analyzed. Then, a conventional LFSPM motor obtained directly from a rotary FSPM motor is optimized and compared with the complementary and modular LFSPM motor based on finite-element method. The results reveal that the proposed motor has sinusoidal and symmetrical three-phase back electromotive force waveforms and smaller cogging force and force ripple than the existing motors. Moreover, a prototype of the proposed motor is built to validate the study.
Systemic delivery of an adenoviral vector encoding canine factor VIII results in short-term phenotypic correction, inhibitor development, and biphasic liver toxicity in hemophilia A dogs (2001)

Canine hemophilia A closely mimics the human disease and has been used previously in the development of factor VIII (FVIII) protein replacement products. FVIII-deficient dogs were studied to evaluate an in vivo gene therapy approach using an E1/E2a/E3-deficient adenoviral vector encoding canine FVIII. Results demonstrated a high level of expression of the canine protein and complete phenotypic correction of the coagulation defect in all 4 treated animals. However, FVIII expression was short-term, lasting 5 to 10 days following vector infusion. All 4 dogs displayed a biphasic liver toxicity, a transient drop in platelets, and development of anticanine FVIII antibody. Canine FVIII inhibitor development was transient in 2 of the 4 treated animals. These data demonstrate that systemic delivery of attenuated adenoviral vectors resulted in liver toxicity and hematologic changes. Therefore, the development of further attenuated adenoviral vectors encoding canine FVIII will be required to improve vector safety and reduce the risk of immunologic sequelae, and may allow achievement of sustained phenotypic correction of canine hemophilia A.
The “Continuous Performance Extra” of Popular Leisure (2022)

Syndicated Sunday comics and magazine supplements, filled with national brand advertising, reached a truly national, nearly simultaneous readership. Through syndication, small regional papers could provide the same features as big city Sunday papers. To maintain their edge, metropolitan Sunday papers began rotogravure sections of high-quality half-toned photography. Hollywood studios embraced syndicated newspaper features to explain to a mass public how everybody was going to the movies, despite watching different films in thousands of theatres. This syndicated logic of corporate cooperation established a foundation for the synchronous broadcasts of network radio in the 1920s, which allowed national-brand products to extend their syndicated print advertising as sponsors of popular shows. The most successful radio program of its day, Amos ‘n’ Andy, began as a “radio comic strip” and extended the link between syndication and broadcasting. The systemic racism of syndicated humor opened an ambiguous form of inclusion, even as some Black newspapers launched their own weekly color comic strips and tabloid magazine supplements. For the rest of the twentieth century, the Sunday paper—as an object, as a habit, as a business—continued to mediate consumer and commercial culture.
Redox Reactivity as the Controlling Element in Coordination Polymer Stereochemistry: Redox-Switched Growth Mechanism in the [FeII−CN−PtIV]n System (1998)

Coordination oligomers and polymers composed of [(CN)(5)Fe(II)-CN-Pt(IV)(NH(3))(4)] units have been synthesized. The oligomer growth mechanism is based on the oxidation state of the iron centers which can be specified either chemically or electrochemically to allow control over oligomer structure. Cyclic voltammetry is found to be a sensitive probe of oligomer and polymer structure. (13)C NMR is also shown to be a useful technique for characterizing the different geometric isomers. Thin films composed of [-(NC)(5)Fe(II)-CN-Pt(IV)(NH(3))(4)-](n)() were electropolymerized onto transparent indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode surfaces and characterized with regard to polymer morphology.
Identification of a Human Monoclonal Antibody To Replace Equine Diphtheria Antitoxin for Treatment of Diphtheria Intoxication (2013)

ABSTRACT Diphtheria antitoxin (DAT) has been the cornerstone of the treatment of Corynebacterium diphtheriae infection for more than 100 years. Although the global incidence of diphtheria has declined steadily over the last quarter of the 20th century, the disease remains endemic in many parts of the world, and significant outbreaks still occur. DAT is an equine polyclonal antibody that is not commercially available in the United States and is in short supply globally. A safer, more readily available alternative to DAT would be desirable. In the current study, we obtained human monoclonal antibodies (hMAbs) directly from antibody-secreting cells in the circulation of immunized human volunteers. We isolated a panel of diverse hMAbs that recognized diphtheria toxoid, as well as a variety of recombinant protein fragments of diphtheria toxin. Forty-five unique hMAbs were tested for neutralization of diphtheria toxin in in vitro cytotoxicity assays with a 50% effective concentration of 0.65 ng/ml for the lead candidate hMAb, 315C4. In addition, 25 μg of 315C4 completely protected guinea pigs from intoxication in an in vivo lethality model, yielding an estimated relative potency of 64 IU/mg. In comparison, 1.6 IU of DAT was necessary for full protection from morbidity and mortality in this model. We further established that our lead candidate hMAb binds to the receptor-binding domain of diphtheria toxin and physically blocks the toxin from binding to the putative receptor, heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor. The discovery of a specific and potent human neutralizing antibody against diphtheria toxin holds promise as a potential therapeutic.
Cwp2 from Clostridium difficile exhibits an extended three domain fold and cell adhesion in vitro (2017)

Structural data are available in the PDB under the accession number 5NJL.