gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Learning to Reach to Locations Encoded from Imaging Displays (2008)

The present study investigated how people learn to correct errors in actions directed toward cognitively encoded spatial locations. Subjects inserted a stylus to reach a hidden target localized by means of ultrasound imaging and portrayed with a scaled graph. As was found previously (Wu et al., 2005), subjects initially underestimated the target location but corrected their responses when given training with feedback. Three experiments were conducted to examine whether the error correction occurred at (1) the mapping from the input to a mental representation of target location; (2) the mapping from the representation of target location to the intended insertion response, or (3) the mapping from intended response to action. Experiment 1 and Experiment 3 disconfirmed Mappings 1 and 3, respectively, by showing that training did not alter independent measures of target localization or the action of aiming. Experiment 2 showed that the output of Mapping 2, the planned response -- measured as the initial insertion angle -was corrected over trials, and the correction magnitude predicted the response to a transfer stimulus with a new represented location.
Raman-effect studies ofSixS1−xglasses (1984)

The atomic structure of ${\mathrm{Si}}_{x}{\mathrm{S}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}$ glasses is investigated by the use of Raman spectroscopy. The compositional dependence of the microstructures of these glasses can be conveniently divided into three regions. At Si${\mathrm{S}}_{2}$, the glassy structure is composed of randomly oriented edge-sharing $\mathrm{Si}{({\mathrm{S}}_{\frac{1}{2}})}_{4}$ tetrahedral chains. Excess Si ($x&gt;\frac{1}{3}$) is accomodated in the glasses as ethanelike ${\mathrm{S}}_{3}$-Si-Si-${\mathrm{S}}_{3}$ units. For Si-poor glasses, an unusual compositional dependence is observed of the Raman mode associated with the extended Si${\mathrm{S}}_{2}$ edge-sharing tetrahedral chains. This behavior is related to the emergence of isolated $\mathrm{Si}{({\mathrm{S}}_{\frac{1}{2}})}_{4}$ tetrahedral units as the Si content of the glasses is decreased below $x=0.25$. In the Si-poor glasses, ${\mathrm{S}}_{8}$ units, fragments of ${\mathrm{S}}_{8}$ units, isolated ${\mathrm{S}\mathrm{i}({\mathrm{S}}_{1/2})}_{4}$ tetrahedral units, and Si${\mathrm{S}}_{2}$ units are observed. The present work is the first to address the question of the microstructure of chalcogenide-rich Si glasses.
Optical Tomography With a Least Square Finite Element Formulation of the Collimated Irradiation in Frequency Domain (2010)

This paper presents a numerical study of optical tomography in frequency domain for the reconstruction of optical properties of scattering and absorbing media with collimated irradiation light sources. The forward model is a least square finite element formulation of the collimated irradiation problem where the intensity is separated into its collimated and scattered parts. This model does not use any empirical stabilization and moreover the collimated source direction is taken into account. The inversion uses a gradient type minimization method where the gradient is computed through an adjoint formulation. Scaling is used to avoid numerical round errors, as the output readings at detectors are very low. Numerical reconstructions of optical properties of absorbing and scattering media with simulated data (noised and noise-free) are achieved in a complex geometry with satisfactory results. The results show that complex geometries are well handled with the proposed method.
Efficient and Robust Paramyxoviridae Reverse Genetics Systems (2017)

The notoriously low efficiency of <i>Paramyxoviridae</i> reverse genetics systems has posed a limiting barrier to the study of viruses in this family. Previous approaches to reverse genetics have utilized a wide variety of techniques to overcome the technical hurdles. Although robustness (i.e., the number of attempts that result in successful rescue) has been improved in some systems with the use of stable cell lines, the efficiency of rescue (i.e., the proportion of transfected cells that yield at least one successful rescue event) has remained low. We have substantially increased rescue efficiency for representative viruses from all five major <i>Paramyxoviridae</i> genera (from ~1 in 10<sup>6</sup>-10<sup>7</sup> to ~1 in 10<sup>2</sup>-10<sup>3</sup> transfected cells) by the addition of a self-cleaving hammerhead ribozyme (Hh-Rbz) sequence immediately preceding the start of the recombinant viral antigenome and the use of a codon-optimized T7 polymerase (T7opt) gene to drive paramyxovirus rescue. Here, we report a strategy for robust, reliable, and high-efficiency rescue of paramyxovirus reverse genetics systems, featuring several major improvements: (i) a vaccinia virus-free method, (ii) freedom to use any transfectable cell type for viral rescue, (iii) a single-step transfection protocol, and (iv) use of the optimal T7 promoter sequence for high transcription levels from the antigenomic plasmid without incorporation of nontemplated G residues. The robustness of our T7opt-HhRbz system also allows for greater latitude in the ratios of transfected accessory plasmids used that result in successful rescue. Thus, our system may facilitate the rescue and interrogation of the increasing number of emerging paramyxoviruses. <b>IMPORTANCE</b> The ability to manipulate the genome of paramyxoviruses and evaluate the effects of these changes at the phenotypic level is a powerful tool for the investigation of specific aspects of the viral life cycle and viral pathogenesis. However, reverse genetics systems for paramyxoviruses are notoriously inefficient, when successful. The ability to efficiently and robustly rescue paramyxovirus reverse genetics systems can be used to answer basic questions about the biology of paramyxoviruses, as well as to facilitate the considerable translational efforts being devoted to developing live attenuated paramyxovirus vaccine vectors.
Supplementary Table S5 from Chromatin-Remodeling Complex SWI/SNF Controls Multidrug Resistance by Transcriptionally Regulating the Drug Efflux Pump ABCB1 (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Spreadsheet of RNAseq data for Figure 3.&lt;/p&gt;
Commonly Assessed Markers in Childhood BCP-ALL Diagnostic Panels and Their Association with Genetic Aberrations and Outcome Prediction (2022)

Immunophenotypic characterization of leukemic cells with the use of flow cytometry (FC) is a fundamental tool in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) diagnostics. A variety of genetic aberrations underlie specific B-cell precursor ALL (BCP-ALL) subtypes and their identification is of great importance for risk group stratification. These aberrations include: <i>ETV6::RUNX1</i> fusion gene, Philadelphia chromosome (<i>BCR::ABL1</i> fusion gene), rearrangements of the <i>KMT2A</i>, <i>TCF3::PBX1</i> fusion gene and changes in chromosome number (hyperdiploidy and hypodiploidy). Diagnostic panels for BCP-ALL usually include B-cell lineage specific antigens: CD19, CD10, CD20, maturation stage markers: CD34, CD10, CD38, TdT, IgM and other markers useful for possible genetic subtype indication. Some genetic features of leukemic cells (blasts) are associated with expression of certain antigens. This review comprehensively summarizes all known research data on genotype-immunophenotype correlations in BCP-ALL. In some cases, single molecules are predictive of particular genetic subtypes, i.e., NG2 with <i>KMT2A</i> gene rearrangements or CD123 with hyperdiploidy. However, much more information on possible genotype or prognosis can be obtained with wider (≥8-color) panels. In several studies, a quantitative antigen expression scale and advanced statistical analyses were used to further increase the specificity and sensitivity of genotype/immunophenotype correlation detection. Fast detection of possible genotype/immunophenotype correlations makes multicolor flow cytometry an essential tool for initial leukemia diagnostics and stratification.
Variable speed drive-based fan impeller contamination build-up detection: Industrial case study (2015)

Contamination build-up can be considered as a root cause for the imbalance of the fan impeller. This contamination build-up can be detected without sensors by using a variable speed drive. In this paper, the use of the contamination detection method in the case of a rotational speed controlled industrial fan is examined.
Scenario-Transferable Semantic Graph Reasoning for Interaction-Aware Probabilistic Prediction (2020)

Accurately predicting the possible behaviors of traffic participants is an essential capability for autonomous vehicles. Since autonomous vehicles need to navigate in dynamically changing environments, they are expected to make accurate predictions regardless of where they are and what driving circumstances they encountered. Several methodologies have been proposed to solve prediction problems under different traffic situations. These works usually combine agent trajectories with either color-coded or vectorized high definition (HD) map as input representations and encode this information for behavior prediction tasks. However, not all the information is relevant in the scene for the forecasting and such irrelevant information may be even distracting to the forecasting in certain situations. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a novel generic representation for various driving environments by taking the advantage of semantics and domain knowledge. Using semantics enables situations to be modeled in a uniform way and applying domain knowledge filters out unrelated elements to target vehicle's future behaviors. We then propose a general semantic behavior prediction framework to effectively utilize these representations by formulating them into spatial-temporal semantic graphs and reasoning internal relations among these graphs. We theoretically and empirically validate the proposed framework under highly interactive and complex scenarios, demonstrating that our method not only achieves state-of-the-art performance, but also processes desirable zero-shot transferability.
Doubling Coupling-Out Efficiency in Organic Light-Emitting Devices Using a Thin Silica Aerogel Layer (2001)

An innovative way of enhancing the coupling-out efficiency in light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is revealed. A very low-refractive-index silica aerogel is placed between the substrate and the emissive layer to obtain a perfect decoupling of the propagation modes within the emissive layer from the glass substrate. The Figure shows an ultrathin emissive layer on a glass substrate with (left) and without (right) an aerogel spacer layer under UV irradiation (see also cover).
[Personal experience with classification of yeast microorganisms. I. The combined biotyping method of Mencl and Otcenásek and typing using the "killer" phenomenon]. (1998)

Using a group of 150 isolates of Candida albicans, C. glabrata, C. krusei, C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis a C. kefyr the differentiating capacity of two biotyping systems was tested-the combined method according to Mencl and Otcenásek, and typing using the so-called killer phenomenon. With the combined method comparable results with the original work of the authors were obtained. This applies to the number of biotypes as well as to the ratio of the dominant biotype. As regards the differentiating characteristics of different biotypes the two studies differed fundamentally. As to typing, using the "killer" phenomenon, its practical usefulness was tested, the differentiating capacity of the method was, however, very much influenced by the small number of available killer-positive yeast strains.
Noise robust pitch tracking by subband autocorrelation classification (2012)

A neural net classifier is trained to identify the pitch of a frame of subband autocorrelation principal components. Accuracy is greatly improved for noisy, bandlimited speech, matched to the training data.
OFDM bandwidth estimation using Morlet's wavelet decomposition (2002)

Bandwidth estimation is often an important problem to solve in the domain of spectrum survey or of synchronization. In this article, we propose an algorithm based on wavelet decomposition in order to estimate the bandwidth of an OFDM signal. We show that this kind of decomposition leads to good results and we provide some illustrating examples to show it. Actually by using "classical" wavelet decomposition (Morlet's wavelet in our case), bandwidth is correctly estimated in 100% of the cases with an error lower than 8% until SNR=3 dB.
Transaction-based building controls framework, Volume 2: Platform descriptive model and requirements (2015)

Transaction-based Building Controls (TBC) offer a control systems platform that provides an agent execution environment that meets the growing requirements for security, resource utilization, and reliability. This report outlines the requirements for a platform to meet these needs and describes an illustrative/exemplary implementation.
Optical Beamform Engineering Using Phase and Amplitude Coded Nanophotonic Antenna Arrays (2013)

A novel method to generate optical beams using on-chip silicon nanophotonic antenna arrays with engineered phase and amplitude is demonstrated. An 8×8 nanophotonic phased array to generate and manipulate Gaussian beams is shown.
Multiple Cationic Amphiphiles Induce a Niemann-Pick C Phenotype and Inhibit Ebola Virus Entry and Infection (2013)

Ebola virus (EBOV) is an enveloped RNA virus that causes hemorrhagic fever in humans and non-human primates. Infection requires internalization from the cell surface and trafficking to a late endocytic compartment, where viral fusion occurs, providing a conduit for the viral genome to enter the cytoplasm and initiate replication. In a concurrent study, we identified clomiphene as a potent inhibitor of EBOV entry. Here, we screened eleven inhibitors that target the same biosynthetic pathway as clomiphene. From this screen we identified six compounds, including U18666A, that block EBOV infection (IC(50) 1.6 to 8.0 µM) at a late stage of entry. Intriguingly, all six are cationic amphiphiles that share additional chemical features. U18666A induces phenotypes, including cholesterol accumulation in endosomes, associated with defects in Niemann-Pick C1 protein (NPC1), a late endosomal and lysosomal protein required for EBOV entry. We tested and found that all six EBOV entry inhibitors from our screen induced cholesterol accumulation. We further showed that higher concentrations of cationic amphiphiles are required to inhibit EBOV entry into cells that overexpress NPC1 than parental cells, supporting the contention that they inhibit EBOV entry in an NPC1-dependent manner. A previously reported inhibitor, compound 3.47, inhibits EBOV entry by blocking binding of the EBOV glycoprotein to NPC1. None of the cationic amphiphiles tested had this effect. Hence, multiple cationic amphiphiles (including several FDA approved agents) inhibit EBOV entry in an NPC1-dependent fashion, but by a mechanism distinct from that of compound 3.47. Our findings suggest that there are minimally two ways of perturbing NPC1-dependent pathways that can block EBOV entry, increasing the attractiveness of NPC1 as an anti-filoviral therapeutic target.
BBNVISER : BBN VISER TRECVID 2012 Multimedia Event Detection and Multimedia Event Recounting Systems. (2012)

We describe the Raytheon BBN Technologies (BBN) led VISER system for the TRECVID 2012 Multimedia Event Detection (MED) and Recounting (MER) tasks. We present a comprehensive analysis of the different modules in our evaluation system that includes: (1) a large suite of visual, audio and multimodal low-level features, (2) modules to detect semantic scene/action/object concepts over the entire video and within short temporal spans, (3) automatic speech recognition (ASR), and (4) videotext detection and recognition (OCR). For the low-level features we used multiple static, motion, color, and audio features previously considered in literature as well as a set of novel, fast kernel based feature descriptors developed recently by BBN. For the semantic concept detection systems, we leveraged BBN's natural language processing (NLP) technologies to automatically analyze and identify salient concepts from short textual descriptions of videos and frames. Then, we trained detectors for these concepts using visual and audio features. The semantic concept based systems enable rich description of video content for event recounting (MER). The video level concepts have the most coverage and can provide robust concept detections on most videos. Segment level concepts are less robust, but can provide sequence information that enriches recounting. Object detection, ASR and OCR are sporadic in occurrence but have high precision and improves quality of the recounting. For the MED task, we combined these different streams using multiple early/feature level and late/score level fusion strategies. We present a rigorous analysis of each of these subsystems and the impact of different fusion strategies. In particular, we present a thorough study of different semantic feature based systems compared to low-level feature based systems considered in most MED systems. Consistent with previous MED evaluations, low-level features exhibit strong performance. Further, semantic feature based systems have comparable performance to the low-level system, and produce gains in fusion. Overall, BBN's primary submission has an average missed detection rate of 29.6% with a false alarm rate of 2.6%. One of BBN's contrastive runs has <50% missed detection and <4% false alarm rates for all twenty events.
Transient response characteristics of through silicon via in high resistivity silicon interposer (2012)

We investigated the transient response characteristic of through silicon via (TSV) in a high-resistivity silicon interposer. For this investigation, signal ground (SG)-TSV-chain pairs in high-resisitivity silicon (>1000 Ω·cm) were prepared. Various pulse waves (swing: −1.8–0 V or 0–+1.8 V, pulse width: 250 ps–100 ms, duty ratio: 1/1) were applied to a SG-TSV-chain pair by using a pulse generator, and output signal was obtained using a sampling oscilloscope. From the rise and fall time of output signal, it was found that the change in transient response characteristic according to the frequency and voltage of the applied pulse wave was very small. This result demonstrates that the change in TSV capacitance with the input signal is very small and that high-resistivity silicon is effective for high speed signal processing.
Sinusoidal surface-mounted pm machine drive using a minimal resolution position encoder (2008)

This paper presents a high resolution position estimation system for sinusoidal surface PM machines based on a vector-tracking observer and a 90° resolution encoder. It is shown here that this is the minimum amount of resolution needed for sinusoidal PM drives. The key implementation issues of this system are presented, and stability analysis is performed, leading to the definition of local stability limits, within which the actual position is tracked with bounded estimation error. The effect that non-uniform sector widths have on position estimation is also explored and a straightforward compensation method is proposed. Both simulation and experimental testing illustrate the performance and limitations of the proposed observer topology and of the drive when this observer is used for state feedback.
Diabetes puts myocardial n‐3 fatty acid status at risk in the absence of supplementation in the rat (1999)

Conclusions The changes in fatty acid incorporation into myocardial membranes that occurred with acute diabetes in this study were indicative of depressed PUFA desaturation. However this was largely confined to the long‐chain n‐3 PUFA, DHA. Anti‐arrhythmic efficets of n‐3 PUFA diets were associated with elevated DHA levels. It is conclused that perturbed PUFA metabolism in diabetes puts myocardial n‐3 PUFA status at high risk which may have important implications for heart function and that this may be prevented by low‐level supplementation with purified DHA.
Surgeon of the Millennium (2000)

For all who know him, Dick's passing is too soon. It is as if we are a rebellious army who has suddenly lost its leader. We wanted him to be part of our lives as we grew older. But we must accept that this great leader and friend will not be here in the future. We are left to ponder and study the greatness of this man's life because Richard B. Caspari is truly one of the great men of the millennium. I believe that his legacy will change the future.
Spray-Flame Synthesis of LaFexCo1–xO3 (x = 0.2, 0.3) Perovskite Nanoparticles for Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Water Splitting: Effect of Precursor Chemistry (Acetates and Nitrates) (2023)

The product properties of mixed oxide nanoparticles generated via spray-flame synthesis depend on an intricate interplay of solvent and precursor chemistries in the processed solution. The effect of two different sets of metal precursors, acetates and nitrates, dissolved in a mixture of ethanol (35 Vol.%) and 2-ethylhexanoic acid (2-EHA, 65 Vol.%) was investigated for the synthesis of LaFe<sub><i>x</i></sub>Co<sub>1-<i>x</i></sub>O<sub>3</sub> (<i>x</i> = 0.2, 0.3) perovskites. Regardless of the set of precursors, similar particle-size distributions (<i>d</i><sub>p</sub> = 8-11 nm) were obtained and a few particles with sizes above 20 nm were identified with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements. Using acetates as precursors, inhomogeneous La, Fe, and Co elemental distributions were obtained for all particle sizes according to energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) mappings, connected to the formation of multiple secondary phases such as oxygen-deficient La<sub>3</sub>(Fe<sub><i>x</i></sub>Co<sub>1-<i>x</i></sub>)<sub>3</sub>O<sub>8</sub> brownmillerite or La<sub>4</sub>(Fe<sub><i>x</i></sub>Co<sub>1-<i>x</i></sub>)<sub>3</sub>O<sub>10</sub> Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) structures besides the main trigonal perovskite phase. For samples synthesized from nitrates, inhomogeneous elemental distributions were observed for large particles only where La and Fe enrichment occurred in combination with the formation of a secondary La<sub>2</sub>(Fe<sub><i>x</i></sub>Co<sub>1-<i>x</i></sub>)O<sub>4</sub> RP phase. Such variations can be attributed to reactions in the solution prior to injection in the flame as well as precursor-dependent variations in in-flame reactions. Therefore, the precursor solutions were analyzed by temperature-dependent attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) measurements. The acetate-based precursor solutions indicated the partial conversion of, mainly La and Fe, acetates to metal 2-ethylhexanoates. In the nitrate-based solutions, esterification of ethanol and 2-EHA played the most important role. The synthesized nanoparticle samples were characterized by BET (Brunauer, Emmett, Teller), FTIR, Mössbauer, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). All samples were tested as oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts, and similar electrocatalytic activities were recorded when evaluating the potential required to reach 10 mA/cm<sup>2</sup> current density (∼1.61 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE)).
The phylogenetic relationships ofChlorobium tepidumandChloroflexus aurantiacusbased upon their RecA sequences (1998)

Using RecA as the phylogenetic marker, the relationships of the green sulfur bacterium Chlorobium tepidum and the green non-sulfur bacterium Chloroflexus aurantiacus to other eubacteria were investigated. The recA genes of the two organisms were cloned, and the resulting protein sequences aligned with 86 other eubacterial RecA sequences. Cb. tepidum was placed as the nearest relative to the Cytophaga/Flexibacter/Bacteriodes group, a relationship supported by results obtained with several phylogenetic markers. Cf. aurantiacus was placed near Chlamydia trachomatis and the high-GC Gram-positives; however, this branching pattern was not strongly supported statistically by bootstrap analyses. Possible reasons for this ambiguity are discussed.