gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Meta-Analysis and Potential Role of Preexisting Heterosubtypic Cellular Immunity Based on Variations in Disease Severity Outcomes for Influenza Live Viral Challenges in Humans (2015)

Influenza live viral challenges in humans are valuable models for testing the efficacy of vaccines and antiviral agents. Volunteers are treated with an investigational agent, and their clinical outcomes postchallenge are compared to those of placebo-treated volunteers. Despite using a common protocol, similar recruitment criteria, and similar doses of the same challenge strain, we noticed differences in disease severity outcomes between the placebo groups from different studies. We investigated whether these differences were significant and, if so, whether any pattern and its possible causes could be identified. We compared the clinical outcomes postchallenge in placebo groups from five clinical studies carried out between 2008 and 2013. Correlations between the prechallenge heterosubtypic cellular response (gamma interferon [IFN-γ]) and postchallenge clinical outcomes were also investigated in one study. Placebo groups from studies carried out between 2009 and 2010 attained significantly reduced (P < 0.05) symptom scores postchallenge compared to those of placebo groups from studies carried out in either 2008 or 2013. Also, in a 2010 study, the frequency of high-influenza heterosubtypic cellular responders prevaccination was significantly lower in the test group (FLU-v) than that in the placebo group (P = 0.04). Moreover, the increased preexisting heterosubtypic cellular response of the placebo group correlated with reductions in symptom score and viral shedding postchallenge (P ≤ 0.023). Only postvaccination did the test group display an equivalent correlation. The last influenza pandemic coincided with a significant reduction in disease severity outcomes. This reduction also appears to correlate with increased preexisting influenza heterosubtypic cellular responses. (This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration number NCT01226758.).
DIRAS3 (ARHI) Blocks RAS/MAPK Signaling by Binding Directly to RAS and Disrupting RAS Clusters (2019)

Oncogenic RAS mutations drive cancers at many sites. Recent reports suggest that RAS dimerization, multimerization, and clustering correlate strongly with activation of RAS signaling. We have found that re-expression of DIRAS3, a RAS-related small GTPase tumor suppressor that is downregulated in multiple cancers, inhibits RAS/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling by interacting directly with RAS-forming heteromers, disrupting RAS clustering, inhibiting Raf kinase activation, and inhibiting transformation and growth of cancer cells and xenografts. Disruption of K-RAS cluster formation requires the N terminus of DIRAS3 and interaction of both DIRAS3 and K-RAS with the plasma membrane. Interaction of DIRAS3 with both K-RAS and H-RAS suggests a strategy for inhibiting oncogenic RAS function.
Characteristics of resonance-induced optical vortices and spatial reshaping (2019)

The spatial profile of a beam can experience complicated reshaping after interacting with a planar resonator near resonant conditions. Previously, this phenomenon was recognized as the Goos-Hänchen effect, which only partially explains the experimental observations. In this Letter, we introduce a 2D model that can fully describe the resonance-induced spatial reshaping. The model predicts several general features of the output beam profile and suggests that optical phase or polarization vortices can be generated and manipulated by an arbitrary planar resonator. We validate our theoretical results with experimental measurements using terahertz spectroscopy.
Prediction of porous dielectric line wiggling phenomenon with metallic hard mask: From simulation to experiment (2014)

The patterning of narrow trenches in porous SiOCH with a metallic hard mask can lead to the undulation of the dielectric lines between the trenches, also called wiggling. This phenomenon is attributed to the relaxation of the residual stress of the highly compressive hard mask by deforming the mechanically weak porous dielectric. This work analyses the parameters (titanium nitride stress and thickness, lines width and height, and materials Young modulus) potentially responsible for dielectric lines undulations using finite element mechanical modeling. These simulations are experimentally validated.
Speaker recognition using neural networks and conventional classifiers (1994)

An evaluation of various classifiers for text-independent speaker recognition is presented. In addition, a new classifier is examined for this application. The new classifier is called the modified neural tree network (MNTN). The MNTN is a hierarchical classifier that combines the properties of decision trees and feedforward neural networks. The MNTN differs from the standard NTN in both the new learning rule used and the pruning criteria. The MNTN is evaluated for several speaker recognition experiments. These include closed- and open-set speaker identification and speaker verification. The database used is a subset of the TIMIT database consisting of 38 speakers from the same dialect region. The MNTN is compared with nearest neighbor classifiers, full-search, and tree-structured vector quantization (VQ) classifiers, multilayer perceptrons (MLPs), and decision trees. For closed-set speaker identification experiments, the full-search VQ classifier and MNTN demonstrate comparable performance. Both methods perform significantly better than the other classifiers for this task. The MNTN and full-search VQ classifiers are also compared for several speaker verification and open-set speaker-identification experiments. The MNTN is found to perform better than full-search VQ classifiers for both of these applications. In addition to matching or exceeding the performance of the VQ classifier for these applications, the MNTN also provides a logarithmic saving for retrieval.
<title>Thin film polymeric waveguide beam deflector based on thermo-optic effect</title> (2001)

In this paper, we demonstrate a thin-film polymeric waveguide beam deflector using a new device concept, an electrode of prism-array pattern on top of a three-layer planar waveguide. The three-layer planar waveguide was composed of UV15 as the top cladding layer, a polyimide as the core layer, and SiO<SUB>2</SUB> as the bottom cladding layer on a silicon substrate. A gold layer was deposited on the top of the waveguide by e-beam deposition and then patterned into a prism-array as the heating electrode by photolithography.
High-Temperature Catalysts for the Production of α-Olefins Based on Iron(II) and Iron(III) Tridentate Bis(imino)pyridine Complexes with Double Pattern of Substitution:  ortho-Methyl plus meta-Aryl (2006)

Four types of bis(imino)pyridine ligands and their corresponding Fe complexes with the same meta-aryl pattern were synthesized for high-temperature α-olefin production (A: 9 and 13; B: 18, 19, 20 and 21, 22, 23, 24; C: 27 and 30; and D: 33 and 34). Pattern A (9 and 13) consists of four meta-aryl groups without ortho-methyls. The coordination of FeCl2 with the ligand [3,5-bis(4-F-Ph)2-Ph-NC(Me)-Py-C(Me)N-Ph-3,5-bis(4-F-Ph)2] (9) of type A resulted in the isolation of ion-paired complexes [L2Fe]2+FeCl42- 13. Coordination of ligands 18, 19, and 20 of pattern B with two meta-aryl groups on the same side with two ortho-methyls of the imino aryl group afforded the following 1:1 complexes: [{3-(4-F-Ph)-2-Me-Ph-NC(Me)-Py-C(Me)N-Ph-2-Me-3-(4-F-Ph)}FeCl2] (21), [{3-(3,5-bis-(CF3)2-Ph)-2-Me-Ph-NC(Me)-Py-C(Me)N-Ph-2-Me-3-(3,5-bis-(CF3)2-Ph)}FeCl2] (22), [{3-(3-Me-thiophene-2-yl)-2-Me-Ph-NC(Me)-Py-C(Me)N-Ph-2-Me-3-(3-Me-thiophene-2-yl)}FeCl2] (23), and [{3-(3,5-bis-(CF3)2-Ph)-2-Me-Ph-NC(Me)-Py-C(Me)N-Ph-2-Me-3-(3,5-bis-(CF3)2-Ph)}FeCl3] (24). Reduction of trivalent complex 24 in THF solution yields divalent complex 22. Ligand 27 of pattern C contains two meta-aryl groups on the side opposite two ortho-methyls of the imino aryl group and coordinates with FeCl2 to form complex [{5-(3,5-bis-(CF3)2-Ph)-2-Me-Ph-NC(Me)-Py-C(Me)N-Ph-2-Me-5-(3,5-bis-(CF3)2-Ph)}FeCl2] (30). Complex 34 of unsymmetrical pattern D has two meta-aryls in one imino aryl group and two ortho-methyls in the second imino aryl group: [{2,6-dimethyl-4-(3,5-bis-(CF3)2-Ph)-2-Me-Ph-NC(Me)-Py-C(Me)N-Ph-2-Me-3,5-bis(3,5-bis-(CF3)2-Ph)}FeCl2]. The introduction of aryl groups into the meta positions of all four types of bis(imino)pyridine ligands was accomplished by palladium-catalyzed Suzuki cross-coupling reaction between aryl boronic acid 5, 16, and 17 and the appropriate meta-bromo-substituted bis(imino)pyridine ligands 4, 15, 25, and 32. Di-tert-butyl(2,2-dimethylpropyl)phosphane (7) and benzyl-di-tert-butylphosphane (28) were used as ligands for the Suzuki coupling. According to X-ray analysis, there are shortenings and therefore strengthening of the axial Fe−N bond lengths (up to 0.02 Å) in complex 22 of type B versus the Fe(II) complex without meta-aryl groups [{o-Me-Ph-NC(Me)-Py-C(Me)N-Ph-o-Me}FeCl2] (1). Complexes of patterns B and D (21, 22, 23, 24, and 34) afforded very active catalysts for the production of α-olefins with more ideal Schultz−Flory distributions of α-olefins and with higher K values than the parent methyl-substituted Fe(II) complex 1 without meta-aryl groups.
NMR analysis of novel ganglioside GM4 analogues containing de‐N‐acetyl and lactamized sialic acid: probes for searching new ligand structures for human L‐selectin (2002)

Abstract Detailed analysis of the 1 H and 13 C NMR spectra of two novel ganglioside GM4 analogues de‐ N ‐acetyl sialyl GM4 ( 1 ) and cyclic sialyl GM4 ( 2 ), which contain de‐ N ‐acetyl and lactamized sialic acid, respectively, instead of the usual N ‐acetylneuraminic acid, was carried out. The combination of NMR data, such as cyclization shifts, coupling pattern, intraresidual NOEs and the appearance of NH proton, provided the 5, 2 B conformation for 2 . Moreover, the conformation of a glycosidic bond connecting the Neu and Gal residues was determined by some interresidual NOEs in both 1 and 2 . Copyright © 2002 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Qos adaptation in real-time systems (1999)

We propose to design, implement, and evaluate a software framework, called the Adaptware, that consists of architectural support, resource-management mechanisms, and programming abstractions for adapting Quality-of-Service (QoS) to dynamically-fluctuating resource capacity and demands. This framework is to reduce the cost and time of real-time software development by providing the infrastructure necessary for building reusable multi-purpose real-time software components. In much the same way as today&amp;apos;s consumers can buy software and hardware components from different vendors and construct a computing environment tailored to their needs, the proposed framework will provide the means of building and integrating real-time system components so as to preserve their temporal correctness while making it possible to dynamically compute predictable end-to-end temporal guarantees commensurate with available resour...
Self-Organizing Properties of Natural and Related Synthetic Glycolipids (2002)

In this article we report on the syntheses, self-organizing properties, and structures of a variety of cerebrosides and related synthetic glycolipids. The thermotropic and lyotropic liquid crystalline properties of the materials were evaluated in detail. All of the families of materials studied exhibited columnar mesophases. In the dry state the aliphatic chains were found to be located on the exterior of the columns, whereas in the wet state the reverse was the case with the polar headgroups on the exterior. Thus, the aliphatic chains act almost like hydrocarbon solvents in the dry state.
Development of TLP-AI Technology to Realize High Temperature Operation of Power Module (2019)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Application of SiC power devices is regarded as a promising means of reducing the power loss of power modules mounted in power control units. Due to those high thermostable characteristics, the power module with SiC power devices are required to have higher operating temperature than the conventional power module with Si power devices. However, the limitations of current packaging technology prevent the utilization of the full potential of SiC power devices. To resolve these issues, the development of device bonding technology is very important. Although transient liquid phase (TLP) bonding is a promising technology for enabling high temperature operation because its bonding layer has a high melting point, the characteristics of the TLP bonding layer tend to damage the power devices. This paper describes the development of a bonding technology to achieve high temperature operation using a stress reduction effect. Called transient liquid phase bonding with an aluminum interlayer (TLP-AI), this method utilizes the high melting point and ductility of aluminum to reduce the device stress of power modules. The developed method lowers device stress by approximately 44% compared to conventional TLP bonding. After a thermal cycling test (-40°C ⇔ 175°C, 3,000 cycles) no cracks were observed in the aluminum interlayer. Moreover, after a power cycling test (30°C ⇔ 175°C, 100,000 cycles), crack propagation was reduced by approximately 80% compared to conventional solder bonding.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
North American Triple Reassortant and Eurasian H1N1 Swine Influenza Viruses Do Not Readily Reassort to Generate a 2009 Pandemic H1N1-Like Virus (2014)

The 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus (pH1N1) was derived through reassortment of North American triple reassortant and Eurasian avian-like swine influenza viruses (SIVs). To date, when, how and where the pH1N1 arose is not understood. To investigate viral reassortment, we coinfected cell cultures and a group of pigs with or without preexisting immunity with a Eurasian H1N1 virus, A/Swine/Spain/53207/2004 (SP04), and a North American triple reassortant H1N1 virus, A/Swine/Kansas/77778/2007 (KS07). The infected pigs were cohoused with one or two groups of contact animals to investigate viral transmission. In coinfected MDCK or PK15 continuous cell lines with KS07 and SP04 viruses, more than 20 different reassortant viruses were found. In pigs without or with preexisting immunity (immunized with commercial inactivated swine influenza vaccines) and coinfected with both viruses, six or seven reassortant viruses, as well as the parental viruses, were identified in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples from the lungs. Interestingly, only one or two viruses transmitted to and were detected in contact animals. No reassortant containing a gene constellation similar to that of pH1N1 virus was found in either coinfected cells or pigs, indicating that the reassortment event that resulted in the generation of this virus is a rare event that likely involved specific viral strains and/or a favorable, not-yet-understood environment. IMPORTANCE The 2009 pandemic-like H1N1 virus could not be reproduced either in cell cultures or in pigs coinfected with North American triple reassortant H1N1 and Eurasian H1N1 swine influenza viruses. This finding suggests that the generation of the 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus by reassortment was a rare event that likely involved specific viral strains and unknown factors. Different reassortant viruses were detected in coinfected pigs with and without preexisting immunity, indicating that host immunity plays a relevant role in driving viral reassortment of influenza A virus.
Analysis of co-planar intermediate coil structures in inductive power transfer systems (2014)

Intermediate couplers have been shown to increase the coupling from primary to secondary pads in inductive power transfer (IPT) systems. This paper investigates embedding a co-planar intermediate coupler coil, with the primary coil inside the primary pad, to boost coupling to the secondary pad given there have been recent works indicating this will have similar benefits. Several coil designs are simulated and a mathematical model is developed to evaluate the efficiency of the parallel-parallel tuned system. As shown, there appears to be no benefit in having a co-planar, independently tuned intermediate coupler with parallelparallel tuned systems. Boosts in coupling and efficiency are a result of adding extra current carrying windings to the primary pad and simulations show that operating the system as a traditional two coil IPT system is simpler for the same performance. An experimental system was also constructed to validate the simulations.
Gravity balancing rehabilitative robot for the human legs (2005)

People with severe muscle weakness from neurological injury, such as hemiparesis from stroke, often have substantial limitations. The focus of rehabilitation after stroke is often on walking function, however, equipment available to facilitate walking function is severely limited. Most devices move patients through predetermined movements rather than allowing the patient to move under their control. This work presents the design of a gravity balancing rehabilitative robot to assist persons with both leg impairment to walk through elimination of the effects of gravity. The design of the machine is based on a hybrid method for gravity balancing, with two steps: (i) locate the center of mass of a machine using auxiliary parallelograms; (ii) select springs to connect from the center of mass such that the total potential energy of the system is invariant with configuration. The design of the machine considers all motions of the leg and the pelvis by assuming the center of mass of pelvis to be located on the line joining the two hip joints. Preliminary version of this machine, with limited features, is being fabricated.
DEVELOPMENT OF AN MPEGP DECODER (1995)

A decoder circuit Izas been developed which reads out and decompresses high-definition video images recorded on the magneto-optical disk by MPEG2 Compression.
Spam Sender Detection with Classification Modeling on Highly Imbalanced Mail Server Behavior Data. (2008)

Unsolicited commercial or bulk emails or emails containing viruses pose a great threat to the utility of email communications. A recent solution for filtering is reputation systems that can assign a value of trust to each IP address sending email messages. By analyzing the query patterns of each node utilizing reputation information, reputation systems can calculate a reputation score for each queried IP address. In this research, we explore a behavioral classification approach based on features extracted from such global messaging patterns. Due to the large amount of bad senders, this classification task has to cope with highly imbalanced data. Firstly, for each observed sender, we calculate periodicity properties using a discrete Fourier transform and global breadth information reflecting message volume and recipient distribution. After that, a Granular Support Vector Machine - Boundary Alignment algorithm (GSVM-BA) is implemented to solve the class imbalance problem and compared to cost sensitive learning. Lastly, we determine the performance of support vector machine, C4.5 decision trees, na¨ ive Bayesian decision trees, and multinomial logistic regression classifiers on the resulting data set. The best performance is observed by using GSVM-BA for rebalance and then using SVM for classification.
A Mechanistic Study of Polyol Hydrodeoxygenation over a Bifunctional Pt-WOx/TiO2 Catalyst (2020)

In recent years, metal–metal oxide catalysts have proven to be robust catalysts for hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of oxygenated compounds derived from biorenewable feedstocks to value-added products. Herein, the conversion of 1,2,6-hexanetriol (1,2,6-HT) to 1,6-hexanediol (1,6-HD) in aqueous media over a Pt-WOx/TiO2 catalyst is examined via isotope incorporation in HDO of a model compound, 1,2-pentanediol (1,2-PD). Absence of a primary kinetic isotope effect (kH/kD = 0.84 ± 0.11) disproves a potential direct C–O bond scission mechanism. The observation of nearly complete deuterium incorporation in both the α-C and the β-C is inconsistent with the reverse Mars–van Krevelen mechanism and suggests an enol formation pathway. Evidence consistent with the intermediacy of an oxocarbenium ion as a minor contributor has also been observed. In drawing the conclusions, it was necessary to characterize the facile isotope exchange between surface activated hydrogen and the water solvent. Hydrogenation of a water-soluble olefin, tetra(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (TEGDA) in H2/D2O revealed predominant incorporation of deuterium instead of hydrogen in the reduced product, confirming the rapid exchange of surface activated hydrogen. The methods used in this study provide clarification about a reaction mechanism currently under debate, and these findings can be applied to other systems involving HDO of linear polyols over metal–metal oxide catalysts, improving catalyst design and utilization of sustainable feedstocks.
Engine-in-the-Loop Testing for Evaluating Hybrid Propulsion Concepts and Transient Emissions - HMMWV Case Study (2006)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper describes a test cell setup for concurrent running of a real engine and a vehicle system simulation, and its use for evaluating engine performance when integrated with a conventional and a hybrid electric driveline/vehicle. This &lt;i&gt;engine-in-the-loop (EIL)&lt;/i&gt; system uses fast instruments and emission analyzers to investigate how critical in-vehicle transients affect engine system response and transient emissions. Main enablers of the work include the highly dynamic AC electric dynamometer with the accompanying computerized control system and the computationally efficient simulation of the driveline/vehicle system. The latter is developed through systematic energy-based proper modeling that tailors the virtual model to capture critical powertrain transients while running in real time. Coupling the real engine with the virtual driveline/vehicle offers a chance to easily modify vehicle parameters, and even study two different powertrain configurations. In particular, the paper describes the engine-in-the-loop study of a V8, 6L engine coupled to a virtual 4×4 High-Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV). The results shed light on critical transients in a conventional powertrain and their effect on NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; and soot emissions. Next, the conventional HMMWV powertrain is replaced with a parallel hybrid electric configuration and two power management strategies are examined. Comparison of the conventional and hybrid propulsion options provides detailed insight into fuel economy emissions tradeoffs at the vehicle level.&lt;/div&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: A New Antifungal Macrolide Component, Brasilinolide B, Produced by Nocardia brasiliensis (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Optoelectronic-VLSI packaging with polarization-selective computer-generated holograms (1997)

We present what is believed to be the first packaged module incorporating polarization-based beam-forming optics integrated with an optoelectronic-VLSI device. The chip has multiple quantum-well modulators and detectors that are flip-chip bonded onto a silicon CMOS integrated circuit. In the assembled module a polarization-selective computer-generated hologram converts linearly polarized light into a two-dimensional spot array to illuminate the output modulators. The lenslets do not interfere with the input data or the reflected output, which is orthogonally polarized. We demonstrate a 9x10 modulator array, showing good spot-intensity uniformity and registration with modulators.
MP15-17 INITIAL HUMAN EXPERIENCE WITH A NOVEL STONE ASPIRATION DEVICE USED DURING URETEROSCOPIC LITHOTRIPSY FOR RENAL STONES (2020)

endoscopic view, because of the presence of brushite. Using this approach SFR at 6 months were 82%.