gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Signal resolution of RSFQ comparators (1995)

We have designed and tested a Rapid Single-Flux-Quantum (RSFQ) circuit for experimental measurement of the fluctuation-induced threshold uncertainty of switching of SFQ comparators, which are essential components of RSFQ logic devices, analog-to-digital converters, and digital SQUIDs. Statistical density of the switching events in comparators using externally-overdamped Nb-trilayer Josephson junctions has been found to be in agreement with the distribution which follows from a simple theory based on a time-dependent harmonic-oscillator model of the device. Width of the distribution (i.e, the single-shot current resolution of the comparator) measured as a function of temperature in the range 1.7-4.2 K corresponds to fundamental (thermal/quantum) fluctuations, with no evidence of excess noise sources.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Neto1 Is an Auxiliary Subunit of Native Synaptic Kainate Receptors (2011)

Ionotropic glutamate receptors of AMPA, NMDA, and kainate receptor (KAR) subtypes mediate fast excitatory synaptic transmission in the vertebrate CNS. Auxiliary proteins have been identified for AMPA and NMDA receptor complexes, but little is known about KAR complex proteins. We previously identified the CUB (complement C1r/C1s, Uegf, Bmpl) domain protein, Neto1, as an NMDA receptor-associated polypeptide. Here, we show that Neto1 is also an auxiliary subunit for endogenous synaptic KARs. We found that Neto1 and KARs coimmunoprecipitated from brain lysates, from postsynaptic densities (PSDs) and, in a manner dependent on Neto1 CUB domains, when coexpressed in heterologous cells. In Neto1-null mice, there was an ∼50% reduction in the abundance of GluK2-KARs in hippocampal PSDs. Neto1 strongly localized to CA3 stratum lucidum, and loss of Neto1 resulted in a selective deficit in KAR-mediated neurotransmission at mossy fiber-CA3 pyramidal cell (MF-CA3) synapses: KAR-mediated EPSCs in Neto1-null mice were reduced in amplitude and decayed more rapidly than did those in wild-type mice. In contrast, the loss of Neto2, which also localizes to stratum lucidum and interacts with KARs, had no effect on KAR synaptic abundance or MF-CA3 transmission. Indeed, MF-CA3 KAR deficits in Neto1/Neto2-double-null mutant mice were indistinguishable from Neto1 single-null mice. Thus, our findings establish Neto1 as an auxiliary protein required for synaptic function of KARs. The ability of Neto1 to regulate both NMDARs and KARs reveals a unique dual role in controlling synaptic transmission by serving as an auxiliary protein for these two classes of ionotropic glutamate receptors in a synapse-specific fashion.
Comparison Eradication Protocol for Dientamoeba fragilis (2015)

Introduction:Dientamoeba fragilis (Df) is a common human parasite and a known pathogen which mimics Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)and can cause colitis. Treatment with single antibiotics has varying success with metronidazole being effective in only 60%. Hence, treatment often requires combined drugs. Tetracycline should be excluded from treatments for children. Therefore we have developed triple therapy excluding tetracyclines. The aim of this study is to compare efficacy rates of Df eradication in two oral drug combination treatments. Methods: Consecutive patients with IBS infected with Df diagnosed by histopathology and/or PCR. Other pathogens were excluded using commercial stool testing. Patients were treated for 10 days with combination of iodoquinol 650mg tds, paromomycin 500mg tds and nitazoxanide 500mg bd (IPN) or iodoquinol 650mg tds and doxycycline 50mg bd (ID).Symptoms were captured prior to treatment and 4 -5 weeks post. Efficacy was defined as negative stool test for Df post treatment. Results: 22 patients were enrolled with 11 in each treatment group. Eradication rates were identical amongst the treatment groups. 91% achieved eradication of Df in both the IPN and ID group. IBS symptoms showed improvement with only 9% of patients from the IPN group reporting bloating and abdominal pain post treatment, compared to 55% prior to commencement. Symptom follow-up assessment was not comprehensive in the ID group. 63% of patients returned for follow-up in the ID group. Abdominal pain dimension of symptom analysis was not affected by this loss to follow-up. Abdominal pain was reported by 36% which persisted throughout treatment Conclusion: In this study, efficacy rates between the two drug combination groups were indistinguishable. IPN triple therapy could be used in children. Superiority was not evident from this analysis. These results further confirm Df is a pathogen.
Frequency-modulated Continuous-wave LIDAR Module in Silicon Photonics (2016)

Frequency-modulated continuous-wave LIDAR is demonstrated with a silicon photonic device consisting of transmitting and receiving waveguides and photodetectors. A 20 mm resolution and 2 m range is shown. Simultaneous distance and velocity measurements are achieved.
Abstract 868: Oral SHP-1 inhibitor TPI-1a4 increases TILs in melanoma tumors and interacts positively with CTLA4 antibody for melanoma cure in mice (2012)

Abstract SHP-1 phosphatase is a promising target for developing inhibitors as novel cancer immune therapeutics given its key role in negative regulation of immune cells. TPI-1a4 is a small molecule SHP-1 inhibitor identified recently and demonstrated activity for melanoma and colon cancer tumors in mice as a tolerated single oral agent. TPI-1a4 has been further evaluated herein for mechanism of action and potential clinical translation. Oral TPI-1a4 increased (up to 8x) in TILs in K1735 melanoma tumors in syngeneic mice in a dose-dependent manner and in correlation with tumor growth inhibition. The growth of 4-day established K1735 tumors (s.c.) in syngeneic C3H/HeJ mice was inhibited 44% (p &amp;lt; 0.05) by TPI-1a4 at 0.4 mg/kg (5 d/wk, gavage) or 90% (p &amp;lt; 0.01) at 0.8 mg/kg (5 d/wk, gavage) during a treatment period of 4 wks. Evaluation of tumor histology (H.E.) revealed increases (2x and 4x for the two treatments) of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL). Immunohistochemistry analyses of the tumor samples demonstrate increases (∼3 and 6x) of CD45+ cells (pan-leukocytes), CD3+ cells (T lineage), B220+ cells (B/NK lineages), and Mac3+ cells (myeloid lineages). Oral TPI-1a4 interacted positively with CTLA4 antibody for survival extension and cure in K1735 melanoma tumor mice. TPI-1a4 (1 mg/kg, 5d/wk, gavage) or CTLA4 antibody (9H10, 100 ug x3, ip) as individual agents delayed tumor growth for ∼1-4 wks in C3H/HeJ mice with 4-day established K1735 tumors (s.c.). Their combination delayed tumor growth for 4-14 wks (4/5 mice) or completely blocked tumor growth (1/5 mice) by 20th wk in association with resistance to re-challenging with the melanoma tumor (s.c.). The combination was more effective in C3H/HeJ mice with 1-day established K1735 tumors, blocked tumor growth in most mice (4/5) comparing to mostly delayed tumor growth for several wks by the individual agents. TPI-1a4 in drinking water ad lib with weekly renewal was effective against the melanoma tumors in mice, suggesting chemical stability. Indeed, mass spectrometry verified structural integrity of TPI-1a4 stored as solid compound or in solvent at room temperature for 2 months. These data provide further evidences designate TPI-1a4 as a novel anti-cancer immune agent and a promising candidate for clinical translation. Our studies demonstrate for the first time the potential of TPI-1a4 to improve the clinical efficacy of CTLA4 antibody and other related cancer therapeutics. Future studies of TPI-1a4 analogs and derivatives are warranted and may lead to more refined and effective SHP-1 inhibitors and immune cell activators. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 868. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-868
Gain and polaron absorption in electrically pumped single-layer organic laser diodes (2004)

In this article, a model to calculate the modal gain in organic laser diode structures is presented. A single layer design is considered, to investigate the dependence of the gain on electron mobility and the thickness of the active layer. We show that unequal charge carrier mobilities are detrimental and that there is an optimum active layer thickness of d/spl ap/200 nm, when different devices are compared on the basis of power density. The calculated gain is 0.7/cm for a power density of P=50 kW/cm/sup 2/, neglecting all losses. Furthermore, the influence of absorption by polarons is quantified. We show that the cross section for this process has to be less than 4% of the cross section for stimulated emission in order to achieve net gain.
Analysis of glycosylinositol phosphorylceramides expressed by the opportunistic mycopathogen Aspergillus fumigatus (2007)

Acidic glycosphingolipid components were extracted from the opportunistic mycopathogen Aspergillus fumigatus and identified as inositol phosphorylceramide and glycosylinositol phosphorylceramides (GIPCs). Using nuclear magnetic resonance sppectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and other techniques, the structures of six major components were elucidated as Ins-P-Cer (Af-0), Manp(alpha1-->3)Manp(alpha1-->2)Ins-P-Cer (Af-2), Manp(alpha1-->2)Manp(alpha1-->3)Manp(alpha1-->2)Ins-P-Cer (Af-3a), Manp(alpha1-->3)[Galf(beta1-->6)]Manp(alpha1-->2)-Ins-P-Cer (Af-3b), Manp(alpha1-->2)-Manp(alpha1-->3)[Galf(beta1-->6)]Manp(alpha1-->2)Ins-P-Cer (Af-4), and Manp(alpha1-->3)Manp(alpha1-->6)GlcpN(alpha1-->2)Ins-P-Cer (Af-3c) (where Ins = myo-inositol and P = phosphodiester). A minor A. fumigatus GIPC was also identified as the N-acetylated version of Af-3c (Af-3c*), which suggests that formation of the GlcNalpha1-->2Ins linkage may proceed by a two-step process, similar to the GlcNalpha1-->6Ins linkage in glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors (transfer of GlcNAc, followed by enzymatic de-N-acetylation). The glycosylinositol of Af-3b, which bears a distinctive branching Galf(beta1-->6) residue, is identical to that of a GIPC isolated previously from the dimorphic mycopathogen Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (designated Pb-3), but components Af-3a and Af-4 have novel structures. Overlay immunostaining of A. fumigatus GIPCs separated on thin-layer chromatograms was used to assess their reactivity against sera from a patient with aspergillosis and against a murine monoclonal antibody (MEST-1) shown previously to react with the Galf(beta1-->6) residue in Pb-3. These results are discussed in relation to pathogenicity and potential approaches to the immunodiagnosis of A. fumigatus.
Abstract W MP93: Changes in FDG-PET Activity Following Intraparenchymal Injection of SB623 Cells in Patients with Stable Ischemic Strokes (2015)

Background: Ischemic stroke remains a major cause of disability with 90% of patients achieving no improvement after 90 days. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and feasibility of intraparenchymal administration of SB623 cells in chronic stroke. SB623 cells are adult bone-marrow-derived cells transfected with a plasmid encoding the intracellular domain of Notch-1 that have demonstrated improvement in functional testing in animal models of stroke. Methods: Patients with hemiparesis from stable subcortical ischemic stroke and NIHSS &gt; 7 received intracranial injection of 2.5, 5 or 10 million SB623 cells. Clinical outcome measures included NIHSS, MRS, ESS and FMA measured at baseline and repeated at 6 and 12 months. FDG-PET was analyzed at each time point using cluster analysis within 5 regions of interest (contralateral frontal cortex, medial ventral to infarct, contralateral putamen, contralateral sensori-motor cortex, and contralateral thalamus). Results: Five patients enrolled at one academic center were included in this initial FDG-PET analysis. In these 5 patients, there was improvement in NIHSS (p = 0.008) and ESS (p = 0.006), which was most apparent from 0 to 6 months (p = 0.005; p = 0.005). There was also an increase in FDG-PET activity in the contralateral sensori-motor cortex from 0-6 months (p = 0.005), which was related to NIHSS, ESS and FMA (p = 0.043). Analyses of individual patients showed increased FDG uptake contralateral to the injection site in 3/5 patients. There was an increase near the area of infarct in 2/5 patients that was seen at 6 months but not at 12 months. Conclusions: Intraparenchymal injection of SB623 cells in chronic ischemic strokes resulted in increased FDG uptake predominantly in areas contralateral to stem cell injection in some patients. These increases were associated with improved clinical outcome measures suggesting that the PET changes might reflect activation of neural pathways due to stem cell therapy. Further PET studies with appropriate controls are warranted.
Abacavir and risk of myocardial infarction in HIV‐infected patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy: a population‐based nationwide cohort study (2009)

We confirmed the association between abacavir use and increased risk of MI. Further studies are needed to control for potential confounding not measured in research to date.
Neutron detection and application with a novel 3D-projection scintillator tracker in the future long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments (2023)

Neutrino oscillation experiments require a precise measurement of the neutrino energy. However, the kinematic detection of the final-state neutron in the neutrino interaction is missing in current neutrino oscillation experiments. The missing neutron kinematic detection results in a smaller detected neutrino energy than the true neutrino energy. A novel 3D-projection scintillator tracker, which consists of roughly ten million active cubes covered with an optical reflector, is capable of measuring the neutron kinetic energy and direction on an event-by-event basis using the time-of-flight technique thanks to the fast timing, fine granularity, and high light yield. The ${\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}$ interactions tend to produce neutrons in the final state. By measuring the neutron kinetic energy, the ${\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}$ energy can be reconstructed better, allowing a tighter incoming neutrino flux constraint. This article shows the detector's ability to reconstruct neutron kinetic energy and the ${\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}$ flux constraint achieved by selecting the charged-current interactions without mesons or protons in the final state.
In-hospital mortality risk stratification in children aged under 5 years with pneumonia with or without pulse oximetry: A secondary analysis of the Pneumonia REsearch Partnership to Assess WHO REcommendations (PREPARE) dataset (2023)

Children with a pulse oximetry measurement had a lower CFR. Many children hospitalized with chest-indrawing pneumonia were hypoxemic and one in 10 died. Young age and moderate malnutrition were risk factors for in-hospital chest-indrawing pneumonia-related mortality. Pulse oximetry should be integrated in pneumonia hospital care for children under 5 years.
(Invited) Reactivity of Water Vapor with Ultrathin GeO2/Ge and SiO2/Si Structures Investigated by Near-Ambient-Pressure X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (2017)

The purpose of this study is to investigate the reactivity of water vapor with a thin GeO2 film on Ge. We conducted near-ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (NAP-XPS) measurements of this system, and the results were compared with those for a SiO2 film on Si. We obtained NAP-XPS spectra at relative humidity (RH) values of up to ~15% and found that a thicker water film is formed on a GeO2/Ge structure than on a SiO2/Si structure at RH above ~10-4%. This is probably caused by infiltrated water molecules in the GeO2 film. Then we detected positive charging of both the water-adsorbed GeO2 and SiO2 films under X-ray irradiation, the extent of which was greater on the GeO2 films. We propose that this is due to the emission of electrons from adsorbed water species in the GeO2 films to the Ge bulk, resulting in the creation of immobile cations in GeO2.
Figure S6 from Site-Specific PEGylation of Anti-Mesothelin Recombinant Immunotoxins Increases Half-life and Antitumor Activity (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Mouse weight after treatment with PEGylated RITs&lt;/p&gt;
Understanding the Implications of the Meniscal Ossicle: Patient Presentation, Treatment, and Outcomes (2019)

The meniscal ossicle is observed in clinical practice, yet there currently is limited information on its potential clinical significance. The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical presentation, imaging findings, and clinical treatment and outcomes of a series of patients identified as having a meniscal ossicle. An institutional database was reviewed to identify knees with a meniscal ossicle. Clinical presentation, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), treatment, and outcomes were analyzed. Radiographs were graded using Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) scores. MRIs were reviewed for the presence and location of meniscal ossicles and additional knee pathology. Knee arthroplasty rates were recorded with the remaining patients contacted to obtain final International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) and Tegner's scores. Failure was defined as conversion to arthroplasty or failing IKDC score (< 75.4). Forty-five meniscal ossicles in 45 patients (26 males and 19 females) with a mean age of 51 years (standard deviation [SD] = 19.0) were included. Pain was the most common presenting symptom (89%). Forty-two patients (93%) had an associated meniscus root tear on MRI. Eighteen percent of patients that did not have an ossicle on initial imaging subsequently developed an ossicle. Mean KL grades progressed significantly from baseline of 1.84 (SD = 1.0) to 2.55 (SD = 0.93 <i>p</i> < 0.01) on final follow-up. Thirty-nine percent of baseline radiographs showed KL grades of less than 2 compared with only 15% of follow-up radiographs (<i>p</i> = 0.04). Mean IKDC score obtained for patients ≤ 60 at an average follow-up of 3.1 years (SD = 3.2) was 65.2 (SD = 19.0). Eight out of 45 patients (18%) had progressed to total knee arthroplasty (TKA) by latest available follow-up. Sixty-two percent of patients met failure criteria at latest available follow-up. The meniscal ossicle is most commonly found in the posterior horn or root of the medial meniscus and is highly suggestive to be sequelae of a posterior root tear. Therefore, the presence of a meniscal ossicle should alert the orthopaedic surgeon to the high likelihood of the patient having a meniscus root tear. These patients have shown to have poor clinical outcomes and worsening arthritis.
Prevention of hormonal breast cancer by dietary jamun (2016)

Together, our data show that jamun significantly offset estrogen-mediated alterations in mammary cell-proliferation, ER-α, cyclinD1, and candidate miRNAs, and that the modulation of these biomarkers correlated with a reduction in mammary carcinogenicity.
TCAP Hydrogen Isotope Separation Using Palladium and Inverse Columns (2011)

The Thermal Cycling Absorption Process (TCAP) was further studied with a new configuration. Previous configuration used a palladium packed column and a plug flow reverser (PFR). This new configuration uses an inverse column to replace the PFR. The goal was to further improve performance. Both configurations were experimentally tested. The results showed that the new configuration increased the throughput by a factor of more than 2.
Engineering the III-V Gate Stack Properties by Optimization of the ALD Process (2014)

The passivation of the III-V/high-k interface is of key importance in order to bring these materials into the 7 nm technology node. A high amount of interface states (D it &gt;1E13 /cm 2 eV) will trap the electrons and therefore the mobility will drop and the SS (Subthreshold Slope) will degrade. Additional defects present in the oxide near the III-V interface will generate device instabilities: the targeted amount of oxide traps should be below &lt;1.5E10 /cm 2 at an operating field of 3.5E6 V/cm in order to meet the 10 years reliability target. In this paper, it will be shown that careful engineering of the ALD process can yield a high quality interface at low CET values (&lt;1.5 nm). However, the oxide trap behavior seems to change only slightly with the ALD process and further improvement of the ALD process is required when introducing the III-V materials into the 7 nm technology node.
Charging effects in small capacitance Josephson junction circuits (2002)

This thesis describes fabrication, measurements and analysisof two different Josephson junction circuits; the Cooper pairtransistor (CPT) and the one dimensional Josephson junctionarray (JJA). All experiments are conducted in a dilutionrefrigerator with a base temperature of 15{30 mK.In the experiments on CPTs the maximum supercurrent,called the switch- ing current, is measured versus the gatecharge. The importance of filtering of the measurement leads inorder to suppress quasi-particle excitations and to get2e-periodic switching currents is demonstrated. Normal metalgold leads close to the CPTs are introduced to further reducethe effect of quasi-particles. To prove that switching currentis 2e-periodic, magnetic fields and increased temperatures areused to induce a transition to e-periodicity. CPTs where eachJosephson junction is replaced by a Superconducting QuantumInterference de- vice (SQUID) have also been fabricated andmeasured. The SQUIDs make it possible to tune the effectiveJosephson energy with an external magnetic field. The measuredswitching current is tunable in magnitude and 2e-periodic. Theswitching currents are compared with theory. Good agreementbetween the- ory and experiments is found using a model of theCPT in an electrodynamic environment with a high effectivetemperature.The JJAs are also fabricated with a SQUID geometry toenable tuning of the effective Josephson energy. The currentvoltage characteristics (IVCs) of the measured JJAs exhibit aCoulomb blockade of Cooper pair tunneling which is tunable withmagnetic field and periodic with the ux quanta. The IVCs of theJJA show a region of negative differential resistance, alsocalled back- bending. This is interpreted as evidence of Blochoscillations in the JJAs. Two different models are discussed toexplain the measured IVC.The thesis ends by presenting a theoretical proposal ona Josephson junction charge qubit, called the array-qubit. Thearray-qubit consists of an array with N SQUIDs and N +1islands. The two basis states of the qubit corresponds to anexcess Cooper pair on either island 1 or N +1. These two statesare coupled through an Nth-order tunneling process which makesit possible to effectively suppress the Josephson coupling.This facilitate a long relaxation time so that the state of thequbit can be read with a slow detector.