gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reef Odor: A Wake Up Call for Navigation in Reef Fish Larvae (2013)

The behavior of reef fish larvae, equipped with a complex toolbox of sensory apparatus, has become a central issue in understanding their transport in the ocean. In this study pelagic reef fish larvae were monitored using an unmanned open-ocean tracking device, the drifting in-situ chamber (DISC), deployed sequentially in oceanic waters and in reef-born odor plumes propagating offshore with the ebb flow. A total of 83 larvae of two taxonomic groups of the families Pomacentridae and Apogonidae were observed in the two water masses around One Tree Island, southern Great Barrier Reef. The study provides the first in-situ evidence that pelagic reef fish larvae discriminate reef odor and respond by changing their swimming speed and direction. It concludes that reef fish larvae smell the presence of coral reefs from several kilometers offshore and this odor is a primary component of their navigational system and activates other directional sensory cues. The two families expressed differences in their response that could be adapted to maintain a position close to the reef. In particular, damselfish larvae embedded in the odor plume detected the location of the reef crest and swam westward and parallel to shore on both sides of the island. This study underlines the critical importance of in situ Lagrangian observations to provide unique information on larval fish behavioral decisions. From an ecological perspective the central role of olfactory signals in marine population connectivity raises concerns about the effects of pollution and acidification of oceans, which can alter chemical cues and olfactory responses.
Identifying Actionable Targets in Cancer Patients (2013)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction and Background Overview of Genomic Sequencing and Its Impact on the Identification of Actionable Mutations Actionable Targets by Clinical Molecular Profiling: the OICR/PMH Experience Some Experiences of Other Clinical Oncology Molecular Profiling Studies Identifying Secondary and Novel Mutations through Molecular Profiling Understanding and Targeting Resistance Mutations: a Challenge and an Opportunity for NGS Concluding Remarks and Future Perspectives
Dielectrophoretic columnar focusing device (2023)

A dielectrophoretic columnar focusing device uses interdigitated microelectrodes to provide a spatially non-uniform electric field in a fluid that generates a dipole within particles in the fluid. The electric field causes the particles to either be attracted to or repelled from regions where the electric field gradient is large, depending on whether the particles are more or less polarizable than the fluid. The particles can thereby be forced into well defined stable paths along the interdigitated microelectrodes. The device can be used for flow cytometry, particle control, and other process applications, including cell counting or other types of particle counting, and for separations in material control.
Aerosol synthesis of nanostructured, ultrafine fullerene particles (1999)

Preface...................................................................................................................5 List of publications ...............................................................................................6 Author&amp;apos;s contribution.............................................................................................7 List of acronyms and symbols.............................................................................10 1.
Materials Requirements and Fabrication of Active Matrix Arrays of Organic Thin-Film Transistors for Displays (2004)

An overview of the materials requirements and the fabrication processes for the use of organic thin-film transistors in active-matrix backplanes for displays is presented. A summary of current knowledge of the electrical performance of both molecular and polymeric semiconductors is discussed with emphasis on the performance requirements needed for displays. Patterning and deposition processes for conductors, dielectrics, and organic semiconductors that have been used to fabricate organic thin-film transistors are reviewed. Examples of backplanes fabricated with these processes are given, and directions for the future research are outlined.
Advanced laser systems for photoacoustic imaging (2015)

We describe the ongoing development of laser systems for advanced photoacoustic imaging (PAI). We discuss the characteristics of these laser systems and their particular benefits for soft tissue imaging and next-generation breast cancer diagnostics. We provide an overview of laser performance and compare this with other laser systems that have been used for early-stage development of PAI. These advanced systems feature higher pulse energy output at clinically relevant repetition rates, as well as a novel wavelength-cycling output pulse format. Wavelength cycling provides pulse sequences for which the output repeatedly alternates between two wavelengths that provide differential imaging. This capability improves co-registration of captured differential images. We present imaging results of phantoms obtained with a commercial ultrasound detector system and a wavelength-cycling laser source providing ~500 mJ/pulse at 755 and 797 nm, operating at 25 Hz. The results include photoacoustic images and corresponding pulse-echo data from a tissue mimicking phantom containing inclusions, simulating tumors in the breast. We discuss the application of these systems to the contrast-enhanced detection of various tissue types and tumors.
SVM Based Shot Boundary Detection Using Block Motion Feature Based on Statistical Moments (2009)

Temporal video segmentation is of fundamental importance in order to facilitate user’s access to huge volume of video data as well as for video summarization.The objective of shot boundary detection is to partition the video into meaningful, basic structural units called shots. In this paper, a shot boundary detection technique has been proposed for cuts. The method extracts block feature based similarities from the frames of the input video. Statistical moments up to second order are used to measure the motion present in the frames. Feature vectors are generated using a sliding window over time and are trained by a SVM to identify the cuts.
Intro and Recap Detection for Movies and TV Series (2021)

Modern video streaming service companies offer millions of video-titles for its customers. A lot of these titles have repetitive introductory and recap parts in the beginning that customers have to manually skip in order to achieve an uninterrupted viewing experience. To avoid this unnecessary friction, some of the services have recently added "skip-intro" and "skip-recap" buttons to their video players before the intro and recap parts start. To efficiently scale this experience to their entire catalogs, it is important to automate the process of finding the intro and recap portions of titles. In this work, we pose intro and recap detection as a supervised sequence labeling problem and propose a novel end-to-end deep learning framework to this end. Specifically, we use CNNs to extract both visual and audio features from videos, and fuse these features using a B-LSTM in order to capture the various long and short term dependencies among different frame-features over time. Finally, we use a CRF to jointly optimize the sequence labeling for the intro and recap parts of the titles. We present a thorough empirical analysis of our model compared to several other deep learning based architectures and demonstrate the superior performance of our approach.
Influence of Preassay and Sequence Variations on Viral Load Determination by a Multiplex Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase–Polymerase Chain Reaction for Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (2001)

Determination of retroviral load is an important tool in the investigation of the success of therapeutic or vaccination trials in patients infected with lentiviruses such as HIV, or with their simian (SIV) or feline (FIV) counterparts. We have developed an one-tube quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay based on the ABI Prism 7700 Sequence Detection System (TaqMan) to quantify the viral load of FIV-infected cats. Two different primer/probe systems were designed to detect a broad range of clade A FIV isolates. Both systems are characterized by excellent reproducibility, high sensitivity, and a wide range of quantification. As a consequence of this improved precision in the quantitative RT-PCR, preassay variations have greater impact on the accuracy of the viral load estimation. To compensate for these variations, we improved the assay and developed a multiplex real-time RT-PCR, which allows simultaneous calculation of the viral copy number and the individual recovery rate in an one-tube reaction. This enables the rapid and accurate calculation of copy number independent of preassay variations. In further studies, two additional real-time RT-PCR assays were designed and used to investigate the influence of sequence variations in the binding regions for either the primers or probe. Sequence mismatches in this region had a significant effect (up to 4 logarithmic decades) on reaction efficiency. In view of the inherent variability of retroviral sequences, these results underline the necessity to check reaction efficiencies before determining viral load.
The Solvent Dependence of the Diastereoselective Hydrogenation of 2- and 2,5-Substituted Furylcarbinols on a Raney Nickel Contact (1996)

The diastereoselective hydrogenation of 2,5-disubstituted furans on a Raney nickel contact provides an easy access to tetrahydrofurylcarbinols 3 and 4. Due to the alcohol used as solvent it is possible to influence the direction of the stereoselection process (erythro vs. threo). The highest diastereoselectivities reached till now are in the range of 70%.
ETSI Opportunistic Spectrum Sharing Technology for (TV) White Spaces (2015)

This chapter provides an overview on European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) activities related to opportunistic spectrum sharing technology with a specific focus on (TV) white spaces. Key use cases are outlined and a novel approach for a coordinated and an uncoordinated approach for accessing the spectrum resource is given. A spectrum coordinator is indeed introduced in order to handle resource management. Furthermore, database system design and inter-database communication solutions are discussed as they are introduced by ETSI. Finally, various sensing mechanisms are detailed, which allow to monitor the radio environment and to feed decision-making components correspondingly.
First observation of the decay B + → π + μ + μ − (2012)

A bstract A discovery of the rare decay B + → π + μ + μ − is presented. This decay is observed for the first time, with 5.2 σ significance. The observation is made using pp collision data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb −1 , collected with the LHCb detector. The measured branching fraction is (2.3 ± 0.6 (stat.) ± 0.1 (syst.))×10 −8 , and the ratio of the B + → π + μ + μ − and B + → K + μ + μ − branching fractions is measured to be 0.053 ± 0.014 (stat.) ± 0.001 (syst.).
2b or not 2b? 2bRAD is an effective alternative to ddRAD for phylogenomics (2023)

Restriction-site-associated DNA sequencing (RADseq) has become an accessible way to obtain genome-wide data in the form of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for phylogenetic inference. Nonetheless, how differences in RADseq methods influence phylogenetic estimation is poorly understood because most comparisons have largely relied on conceptual predictions rather than empirical tests. We examine how differences in ddRAD and 2bRAD data influence phylogenetic estimation in two non-model frog groups. We compare the impact of method choice on phylogenetic information, missing data, and allelic dropout, considering different sequencing depths. Given that researchers must balance input (funding, time) with output (amount and quality of data), we also provide comparisons of laboratory effort, computational time, monetary costs, and the repeatability of library preparation and sequencing. Both 2bRAD and ddRAD methods estimated well-supported trees, even at low sequencing depths, and had comparable amounts of missing data, patterns of allelic dropout, and phylogenetic signal. Compared to ddRAD, 2bRAD produced more repeatable datasets, had simpler laboratory protocols, and had an overall faster bioinformatics assembly. However, many fewer parsimony-informative sites per SNP were obtained from 2bRAD data when using native pipelines, highlighting a need for further investigation into the effects of each pipeline on resulting datasets. Our study underscores the importance of comparing RADseq methods, such as expected results and theoretical performance using empirical datasets, before undertaking costly experiments.
Improved accuracy performance of air for remote sensing application using multi sensor (2014)

Image registration is one of the crucial steps in the analysis of remotely sensed data. A new acquired image must be transformed, using image registration techniques, to match the orientation and scale of the related reference images. Image registration requires intensive computational effort not only because of its computational complexity, but also due to the continuous increase in image resolution. In this project, a method for improved accuracy of automatic image registration (AIR) for remote sensing application using multisensors is proposed. This new approach mainly consists in combining several segmentations of the pair of images to be registered, according to a relaxation parameter followed by a consistent characterization of the extracted objects - through the objects area, ratio between the axis of the adjust ellipse, perimeter and fractal dimension - and a robust statistical based procedure for objects matching. The application of the proposed methodology is widely used in remote sensing for simulated rotation and translation. The first dataset consists in a photograph and a rotated and shifted version of the same photograph, with different levels of added noise. It was also applied to a pair of satellite images with different spectral content and simulated translation, and to real remote sensing examples comprising different viewing angles, different acquisition dates and different sensors. Accuracy below 1 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">o</sup> for rotation and at the sub pixel level for translation was obtained, for the most part of the considered situations. It allows for the registration of pairs of images (multitemporal and multisensory) with differences in rotation and translation, with small differences in the spectral content, leading to sub pixel accuracy.
Frontispiece: Modular Synthesis of DOTA‐Metal‐Based PSMA‐Targeted Imaging Agents for MRI and PET of Prostate Cancer (2019)

Targeted molecular imaging agents (TMIAs) are emerging as important tools for diagnosing cancer and other diseases. In their Communication on page 13848 ff., H. F. Schmitthenner et al. describe a modular approach to TMIA synthesis by introducing a metal atom early on to form an imaging module for MRI or PET. This is coupled with a targeting module in a convergent step to form a selective imaging agent for prostate cancer. By grasping a branch, the colorful toucan emulates the color-matched TMIA by targeting and lighting up the location of a tree in the forest.
A study of reconstruction accuracy for a cardiac SPECT system with multi-segmental collimation (1997)

To improve the geometric efficiency of cardiac SPECT imaging, the authors previously proposed to use a multi-segmental collimation with a cylindrical geometry. The proposed collimator consists of multiple parallel-hole collimators with most of the segments directed toward a small central region, where the patient's heart should be positioned. This technique provides a significantly increased detection efficiency for the central region, but at the expense of reduced efficiency for the surrounding region. The authors have used computer simulations to evaluate the implication of this technique on the accuracy of the reconstructed cardiac images. Two imaging situations were simulated: 1) the heart well placed inside the central region, and 2) the heart shifted and partially outside the central region. A neighboring high-uptake liver was simulated for both imaging situations. The images were reconstructed and corrected for attenuation with ML-EM and OS-FM methods using a complete attenuation map. The results indicate that errors caused by projection truncation are not significant and are not strongly dependent on the activity of the liver when the heart is well positioned within the central region. When the heart is partially outside the central region, hybrid emission data (a combination of high-count projections from the central region and low-count projections from the background region) can be used to restore the activity of the truncated section of the myocardium. However, the variance of the image in the section of the myocardium outside the central region is increased by 2-3 times when 10% of the collimator segments are used to image the background region.
PQk-means: Billion-scale Clustering for Product-quantized Codes (2017)

Data clustering is a fundamental operation in data analysis. For handling large-scale data, the standard k-means clustering method is not only slow, but also memory-inefficient. We propose an efficient clustering method for billion-scale feature vectors, called PQk-means. By first compressing input vectors into short product-quantized (PQ) codes, PQk-means achieves fast and memory-efficient clustering, even for high-dimensional vectors. Similar to k-means, PQk-means repeats the assignment and update steps, both of which can be performed in the PQ-code domain. Experimental results show that even short-length (32 bit) PQ-codes can produce competitive results compared with k-means. This result is of practical importance for clustering in memory-restricted environments. Using the proposed PQk-means scheme, the clustering of one billion 128D SIFT features with K = 10^5 is achieved within 14 hours, using just 32 GB of memory consumption on a single computer.
Reproductive resilience but not root architecture underpin yield improvement in maize ( Zea mays L.) (2020)

Abstract Plants capture soil resources to produce the grains required to feed a growing population. Because plants capture water and nutrients through roots, it was proposed that changes in root systems architecture (RSA) underpin the three-fold increase in maize grain yield over the last century 1,2,3,4 . Within this framework, improvements in reproductive resilience due to selection are caused by increased water capture 1 . Here we show that both root architecture and yield have changed with decades of maize breeding, but not the water capture. Consistent with Darwinian agriculture 5 theory, improved reproductive resilience 6,7 enabled farmers increase the number of plants per unit land 8,9,10 , capture soil resources, and produced more dry matter and grain. Throughout the last century, selection operated to adapt roots to crowding, enabling reallocation of C from large root systems to the growing ear and the small roots of plants cultivated in high plant populations in modern agriculture.
State of the Climate in 2013 (2014)

Editors note: For easy download the posted pdf of the State of the Climate for 2013 is a very low-resolution file. A high-resolution copy of the report is available by clicking here. Please be patient as it may take a few minutes for the high-resolution file to download.
Directional bias and non-uniformity in FPGA global routing architectures (1996)

This paper investigates the effect of the prefabricated routing track distribution on the area-efficiency of FPGAs. The first question we address is whether horizontal and vertical channels should contain the same number of tracks (capacity), or if there is a density advantage with a directional bias. Secondly, should the channels have a uniform capacity, or is there an advantage when capacities vary from channel to channel? The key result is that the most area-efficient global routing architecture is one with uniform (or very nearly uniform) channel capacities across the entire chip in both the horizontal and vertical directions. Several non-uniform and directionally-biased architectures, however, are fairly area-efficient provided that appropriate choices are made for the pin positions on the logic blocks and the logic array aspect ratio.
Application of Dual-Polarization Transmission for Wireless Distribution Using LDM in ATSC 3.0 (2020)

According to marketing research, consumers nowadays spend more time in average on their mobile devices than TV. Such a rapid increase on the use of mobile devices shifts the priority capabilities of future digital TV broadcasting system from delivering services for fixed receivers to mobile broadcasting, including both TV signal and data. ATSC 3.0 was designed with advanced video/audio coding and physical layer technologies to meet the stringent demands of service coverage and quality of service. To improve the mobile service coverage performance for highly populated indoor and closed areas (airports, shopping malls, stadiums, etc.), it becomes necessary to deploy single-frequency-network (SFN) type low-power gap fillers, which can provide significantly higher signal strength to the indoor mobile devices. Conventionally, such SFN gap fillers require either fiber or dedicated microwave as distribution link, which could be prohibitively expensive when the number of gap fillers is large.
<title>Novel MEMS simulation tool for thermal-based radiation sensors</title> (1996)

We report a simulation tool employing the finite element method for thermal-based radiation sensor analysis. Application of the tool to bolometric detectors is described, and simulation examples are given. Excellent agreement is observed between experimental and measured data. In addition, an equivalent circuit model, with pertinent parameters calculated automatically by the simulation tool, is also presented.
Electromotive Drug Administration in the Ureter in an In Vivo Animal Model: Initial Report (2023)

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Electromotive drug administration (EMDA) delivers a drug deeply into targeted tissues, such as the bladder. EMDA has never been applied to the ureter. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> In four <i>in vivo</i> porcine ureters, a unique EMDA catheter containing a silver conducting wire was advanced for the infusion of methylene blue. In two ureters, a pulsed current was delivered through an EMDA machine, whereas the other two ureters served as a control. After 20 minutes of infusion, the ureters were harvested. <b><i>Results:</i></b> In the EMDA ureter, there was diffuse staining of the urothelium; penetration of methylene blue occurred in the lamina propria and muscularis propria. In the control ureter, there was only patchy staining of the urothelium. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> In this first report of ureteral EMDA, a charged molecule penetrated beyond the urothelium into the lamina propria and muscularis propria of the porcine ureter.