gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interaction of drive modulation and cable parameters on AC motor transients (2002)

This paper investigates overvoltage transients on AC induction motors when connected through a cable of arbitrary length to a variable frequency drive (VFD) consisting of a pulse width modulation (PWM) inverter with insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) power devices. Factors contributing to a motor overvoltage transient equal to a theoretical twice DC bus voltage are first described using existing transmission line analysis. A critical cable distance l/sub c/ is defined where this 2 pu overvoltage occurs. However, literature is lacking on how motor voltage transients >2 pu bus voltage and up to 3-4 pu are generated. This phenomenon is observed on all PWM inverters with output cable lengths greater than l/sub c/ distance. Contributing factors to the >2 pu overvoltage phenomenon are investigated by exploring the complex interaction between drive modulation techniques, carrier frequency selected, cable natural frequency of oscillation, cable high frequency damping losses and to a lesser extent inverter output rise time. Theoretical calculations of cable frequency and damping are correlated with simulation and experimental results. Novel modifications to the PWM modulator as well as external hardware apparatus are proposed solutions to the >2 pu overvoltage problem, both are simulated and experimentally confirmed.
Comparative Study of Fluoroethylene Carbonate and Vinylene Carbonate for Silicon Anodes in Lithium Ion Batteries (2014)

The cycling performance and SEI composition of Si nano-particle anodes in electrolytes containing 5-25 wt% fluoroethyelene carbonate (FEC) and 3-6 wt% vinylene carbonate (VC) has been investigated by a combination of by electrochemical cycling, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, IR-ATR and XPS. The incorporation of FEC or VC changes the cycling performance, impedance, electrode morphology, and SEI structure of Si nano-particle electrodes. Cells cycled with standard carbonate electrolytes have poor capacity retention and the anode surface is primarily covered by lithium alkyl carbonates and lithium carbonate. The electrodes cycled in electrolyte containing 10-15 wt% FEC have the smallest impedance and best capacity retention. The reduction of electrolyte containing FEC forms a stable SEI consisting of poly(FEC), LiF, lithium carbonate and lithium alkyl carbonates. Reduction of electrolytes containing VC results in higher impedance and the generation of lithium carbonate, poly(VC) and traces of LiF, and lithium alkyl carbonates.
First experiences with in-vivo x-ray dark-field imaging of lung cancer in mice (2017)

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate if x-ray dark-field imaging can help to visualize lung cancer in mice. Materials and Methods: The experiments were performed using mutant mice with high-grade adenocarcinomas. Eight animals with pulmonary carcinoma and eight control animals were imaged in radiography mode using a prototype small-animal x-ray dark-field scanner and three of the cancerous ones additionally in CT mode. After imaging, the lungs were harvested for histological analysis. To determine their diagnostic value, x-ray dark-field and conventional attenuation images were analyzed by three experienced readers in a blind assessment. Results radiographic imaging: The lung nodules were much clearer visualized on the dark-field radiographs compared to conventional radiographs. The loss of air-tissue interfaces in the tumor leads to a significant loss of x-ray scattering, reflected in a strong dark-field signal change. The difference between tumor and healthy tissue in terms of x-ray attenuation is significantly less pronounced. Furthermore, the signal from the overlaying structures on conventional radiographs complicates the detection of pulmonary carcinoma. Results CT imaging: The very first in-vivo CT-imaging results are quite promising as smaller tumors are often better visible in the dark-field images. However the imaging quality is still quite low, especially in the attenuation images due to un-optimized scanning parameters. Conclusion: We found a superior diagnostic performance of dark-field imaging compared to conventional attenuation based imaging, especially when it comes to the detection of small lung nodules. These results support the motivation to further develop this technique and translate it towards a clinical environment.
Targeted deletions of complement lectin pathway genes improve outcome in traumatic brain injury, with MASP-2 playing a major role (2020)

The lectin pathway (LP) of complement activation is believed to contribute to brain inflammation. The study aims to identify the key components of the LP contributing to TBI outcome as possible novel pharmacological targets. We compared the long-term neurological deficits and neuropathology of wild-type mice (WT) to that of mice carrying gene deletions of key LP components after experimental TBI. WT or MASP-2 (Masp2<sup>-/-</sup>), ficolin-A (Fcna<sup>-/-</sup>), CL-11 (Colec11<sup>-/-</sup>), MASP-1/3 (Masp1<sup>-/-</sup>), MBL-C (Mbl2<sup>-/-</sup>), MBL-A (Mbl1<sup>-/-</sup>) or MBL<sup>-/-</sup> (Mbl1<sup>-/-</sup>/Mbl2<sup>-/-</sup>) deficient male C57BL/6J mice were used. Mice underwent sham surgery or TBI by controlled cortical impact. The sensorimotor response was evaluated by neuroscore and beam walk tests weekly for 4 weeks. To obtain a comparative analysis of the functional outcome each transgenic line was rated according to a health score calculated on sensorimotor performance. For selected genotypes, brains were harvested 6 weeks after injury for histopathological analysis. MASP-2<sup>-/-</sup>, MBL<sup>-/-</sup> and FCN-A<sup>-/-</sup> mice had better outcome scores compared to WT. Of these, MASP-2<sup>-/-</sup> mice had the best recovery after TBI, showing reduced sensorimotor deficits (by 33% at 3 weeks and by 36% at 4 weeks). They also showed higher neuronal density in the lesioned cortex with a 31.5% increase compared to WT. Measurement of LP functional activity in plasma from MASP-2<sup>-/-</sup> mice revealed the absence of LP functional activity using a C4b deposition assay. The LP critically contributes to the post-traumatic inflammatory pathology following TBI with the highest degree of protection achieved through the absence of the LP key enzyme MASP-2, underlining a therapeutic utility of MASP-2 targeting in TBI.
Advanced Materials for Use in Soft Self‐Healing Devices (2017)

Devices integrated with self-healing ability can benefit from long-term use as well as enhanced reliability, maintenance and durability. This progress report reviews the developments in the field of self-healing polymers/composites and wearable devices thereof. One part of the progress report presents and discusses several aspects of the self-healing materials chemistry (from non-covalent to reversible covalent-based mechanisms), as well as the required main approaches used for functionalizing the composites to enhance their electrical conductivity, magnetic, dielectric, electroactive and/or photoactive properties. The second and complementary part of the progress report links the self-healing materials with partially or fully self-healing device technologies, including wearable sensors, supercapacitors, solar cells and fabrics. Some of the strong and weak points in the development of each self-healing device are clearly highlighted and criticized, respectively. Several ideas regarding further improvement of soft self-healing devices are proposed.
Measurements and Predictions of Heat Transfer on Rotor Blades in a Transonic Turbine Cascade (2004)

Detailed heat transfer measurements and predictions are given for a power generation turbine rotor with 127 deg of nominal turning and an axial chord of 130 mm. Data were obtained for a set of four exit Reynolds numbers comprised of the facility maximum point of 2.50×106, as well as conditions which represent 50%, 25%, and 15% of this maximum condition. Three ideal exit pressure ratios were examined including the design point of 1.443, as well as conditions which represent −25% and +20% of the design value. Three inlet flow angles were examined including the design point and ±5deg off-design angles. Measurements were made in a linear cascade with highly three-dimensional blade passage flows that resulted from the high flow turning and thick inlet boundary layers. Inlet turbulence was generated with a blown square bar grid. The purpose of the work is the extension of three-dimensional predictive modeling capability for airfoil external heat transfer to engine specific conditions including blade shape, Reynolds numbers, and Mach numbers. Data were obtained by a steady-state technique using a thin-foil heater wrapped around a low thermal conductivity blade. Surface temperatures were measured using calibrated liquid crystals. The results show the effects of strong secondary vortical flows, laminar-to-turbulent transition, and also show good detail in the stagnation region.
Mismatched Heteroepitaxy of Tetrahedral Semiconductors with Si via ZrB2 Templates (2005)

We demonstrate integration of cubic SiC (heterostructures and nanostructures) and assemblies of Ge nanoscale islands with Si substrates via a conductive and reflective ZrB2 buffer layer. Hexagonal ZrB2 is grown on cubic Si(111) via a coincidence-misfit mechanism in which the strain is accommodated by edge dislocations along the interface. Ge islands with uniform sizes and strain-free microstructures were grown on ZrB2/Si(111) at 500 °C via thermolysis of Ge2H6, circumventing the strain-driven (Stranski−Krastanov) island formation on Si and associated limitations. Heteroepitaxy between ZrB2(0001) and Ge(111) is obtained via alignment of four lattice rows of Ge with every five rows of ZrB2, (i.e., “magic mismatch”) despite the large difference in lattice constants. Cubic SiC layers with monocrystalline microstructures and atomically abrupt interfaces are grown on ZrB2/Si(111) via single source molecular beam epitaxy of C2(SiH3)2 at 800 °C. Nanoscale SiC islands with perfectly coherent zinc blende structures are formed at higher temperatures such as 900 °C. The SiC(111)/ZrB2 interface structures were examined in both cases with high-resolution electron microscopy and compared with optimal bonding configurations derived from theoretical models.
A comparison of Segmental Dynamics in Polymers by Solid-State 13C NMR Spectroscopy (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA comparison of Segmental Dynamics in Polymers by Solid-State 13C NMR SpectroscopyK. J. McGrath, K. L. Ngai, and C. M. RolandCite this: Macromolecules 1995, 28, 8, 2825–2830Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00112a030https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00112a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views135Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Bodies Meet Minds: Choreography and Cognition (2006)

The article describes a collaborative research project between choreographer Wayne McGregor and a team of neuroscientists and psychologists concerned with the relationship between mind and bodily movement. The project comprised several areas of research into the neurological and cognitive basis of movement. The article also discusses the mutual benefits of collaboration between the dancers and scientists.
Improving Cell-Free Massive MIMO Networks Performance: A User Scheduling Approach (2021)

Cell-Free (CF) massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system is a distributed antenna system, wherein a large number of access points wish to simultaneously communicate with a relatively small number of users. Similar to co-located massive MIMO system, pilot contamination and multi-user interference are two major impediments to CF massive MIMO network performance improvement. One can mitigate the detrimental effect of pilot contamination and multi-user interference through judicious resource allocation. In this work, we formulate and investigate the problem of frequency assignment for a CF massive MIMO. The formulated optimization problem is proven to be generally NP-hard. Local optima can be found by approaches such as the Lagrangian method that however, has considerably slow rates of convergence. To circumvent this issue, we propose an alternative solution being of two-folds. Firstly, we reformulate the problem as a grouping strategy which enables to attenuate the effect of intra-group multi-user interference. In the second fold, frequencies are assigned in a non-overlapping fashion to each scheduled group to palliate the effect of inter-group interference and pilot contamination. To further improve the performance of the proposed approach, power coefficients are allocated to the users via a sequential convex approximation (SCA)-based framework. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithms is then verified through extensive numerical simulations which demonstrate a non-negligible improvement in the performance of the studied scenario.
Long-Range Proton-Coupled Electron-Transfer Reactions of Bis(imidazole) Iron Tetraphenylporphyrins Linked to Benzoates (2013)

Concerted proton-electron transfer (CPET) reactions in iron carboxy-tetraphenylporphyrin complexes have been investigated using both experimental and theoretical methods. Synthetic heme models abstract H<sup>+</sup> and e<sup>-</sup> from the hydroxylamine TEMPOH or an ascorbate derivative, and the kinetics of the TEMPOH reaction indicate concerted transfer of H<sup>+</sup> and e<sup>-</sup>. Phenylene linker domains vary the electron donor/acceptor separation by approximately 4 Å. The rate data and extensive molecular simulations show that the electronic coupling decay constant (β) depends on conformational flexibility and solvation associated with the linker domain. Our best estimate of β is 0.23 ± 0.07 Å<sup>-1</sup>, a value that is near the low end of the range (0.2-0.5 Å<sup>-1</sup>) established for electron transfer reactions involving related linkers. This is the first analysis of β for a CPET reaction.
The crystal structure of PD1, aHaemophilussurface fibril domain (2017)

The Haemophilus surface fibril (Hsf) is an unusually large trimeric autotransporter adhesin (TAA) expressed by the most virulent strains of H. influenzae. Hsf is known to mediate adhesion between pathogen and host, allowing the establishment of potentially deadly diseases such as epiglottitis, meningitis and pneumonia. While recent research has suggested that this TAA might adopt a novel `hairpin-like' architecture, the characterization of Hsf has been limited to in silico modelling and electron micrographs, with no high-resolution structural data available. Here, the crystal structure of Hsf putative domain 1 (PD1) is reported at 3.3 Å resolution. The structure corrects the previous domain annotation by revealing the presence of an unexpected N-terminal TrpRing domain. PD1 represents the first Hsf domain to be solved, and thus paves the way for further research on the `hairpin-like' hypothesis.
Planar-Nanostrip-Channel InAlN/GaN HEMTs on Si With Improved ${g}_{{m}}$ and ${f}_{\textsf {T}}$ Linearity (2017)

In this letter, we report an InAlN/GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) with a planar nanostrip channel design to improve its transconductance g <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sub> and cutoff frequency f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> linearity. The planar nanostrips were formed by partial arsenic ion implantation isolation in the channel under the gate. Devices with a gate length (L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">g</sub> ) of 80 nm and a source-to-drain distance (L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sd</sub> ) of 1 μm were fabricated. A conventional device and a device with a fin-like nanowire channel were also fabricated together for comparison. It was observed that the nanostrip and nanowire channel structures can both suppress the access resistance increase at the high output current level, and thereby improve the device's g <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sub> and f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> linearity. Compared to the one using etching to form a fin-like nanostrip channel, the GaN HEMT with a planar nanostrip channel has demonstrated reduced parasitic capacitance and improved RF performance.
Transportation of Preimplantation Porcine Embryos without Cryopreservation Using a Novel Embryo Carrier (2015)

The objective of this study was to develop a transportation system for fresh porcine embryos in a chemically defined medium without reducing their viability using a novel embryo carrier. When embryos were introduced in 0.25-ml straws with porcine blastocyst medium (PBM) and given a vibration load on a shaker for 20 h to mimic transportation conditions at 38 °C, there was no significant difference in survival rates between the vibration and no-vibration groups. Next, an embryo carrier was developed that can maintain interior conditions of 5% CO2 and 38 °C for the transportation of embryos. The embryos on Day 5 after insemination were divided into three groups. In the first group, the embryos were introduced to straws with PBM and the straws were sealed (sealed group). In the second group, the embryos were transported in a tube with a CO2 pouch (CO2 gas group). They were transported by a door-to-door delivery service. In the last group, the embryos were cultured in an incubator (not-transported group). Although the survival rate of embryos in the sealed group was significantly lower than that of not-transported group, the survival rates and the hatching rate of the embryos in the CO2 gas group were similar to those of not-transported group of embryos (100% vs 97.4% and 57.9% vs 47.5%, respectively). Our results demonstrate that in vivo-derived porcine embryos can be transported without harm in PBM using our carrier.
Quantitative thermodynamic investigation of thermal stability and diffusion barrier property of an amorphous cobalt alloy interlayer (2022)

We explored suitable amorphous alloys for a diffusion barrier interlayer between conductor and insulator materials for advanced semiconductor devices. A thermodynamic simulation method was employed, for the first time in the field of large-scale integrated circuit interconnections, to enable quantitative evaluation of the thermal stability and diffusion barrier property of the interlayer, which led us to narrow down a vast number of binary alloy candidates to a few cobalt-based alloys. The selected alloys were experimentally examined for adhesion strength with an oxide insulator, resistivity variation with composition, annealing temperature and film thickness, thermal stability of composition distribution and structure, and diffusion barrier property under high electric field at elevated temperature. Combining the simulation and experimental results, we proposed an amorphous Co-15 at. %Zr alloy as the most suitable choice and discussed its possibility and challenges.
Enhancement of Antitumor Radiation Efficacy and Consistent Induction of the Abscopal Effect in Mice by ECI301, an Active Variant of Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-1α (2008)

Marked inhibition of tumor growth at the irradiated site, with complete tumor eradication and consistent induction of the abscopal effect, was potentiated by i.v. administration of ECI301. The results of this study may offer a new concept for cancer therapy, namely chemokine administration after local irradiation, leading to development of novel therapeutics for the treatment of advanced metastatic cancer.
P13.20: Real time velocity profile of fetal umbilical arteries (FUA) by global acquisition and signal processing (GASP) software for multigate spectral Doppler analysis (MSDA) (2006)

To characterize the velocity profiles (VP), relative wall distension rate (WDR) and wall shear rate (WSR) of the FUA in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimesters of normal pregnancies. The MSDA system consisted of commercial ultrasound machine (Aloka SSD1400), a personal computer and a proprietary electronic board working with GASP software. Interrogated vessels consisted of the FUA in a total of 36 singleton uncomplicated ongoing pregnancies. Velocity profiles, relative wall distension rate [WDR (%)] and shear rate [WSR (1/s)] were calculated over multiple consecutives cardiac cycles in real-time. The designation of arterial pseudo-laminar flow was applied if one peak occurred in systole, while if > 1 peak in systole was classified as turbulent. Statistical analysis consisted of Spearman correlation. FUA displayed a laminar flow pattern throughout gestation in all 36 cases. Mean WDR[%] was not correlated with gestational age and fetal growth. Mean WSR (476 ±217) remained constant throughout gestation, beginning at 7 wks. Real time velocity profile analysis of the FUA is now possible using MSDA and GASP software. In apparently normal pregnancies, velocity characteristics are remarkably stable throughout gestation. We suspect that one practical use of this new technology is that it will ensure complete insonation of the umbilical vessel, particularly at early gestational ages when vessel diameter is quite small. If laminar flow is not encountered, it would be because either the vessel was not insonated optimally, or indeed that a pathology exists. This study suggest that the size of the umbilical arteries adapts to flow demands and maintains constant mean wall shear rate.
An Analysis of Dataset Overlap on Winograd-Style Tasks (2020)

The Winograd Schema Challenge (WSC) and variants inspired by it have become important benchmarks for common-sense reasoning (CSR). Model performance on the WSC has quickly progressed from chance-level to near-human using neural language models trained on massive corpora. In this paper, we analyze the effects of varying degrees of overlap between these training corpora and the test instances in WSC-style tasks. We find that a large number of test instances overlap considerably with the corpora on which state-of-the-art models are (pre)trained, and that a significant drop in classification accuracy occurs when we evaluate models on instances with minimal overlap. Based on these results, we develop the KNOWREF-60K dataset, which consists of over 60k pronoun disambiguation problems scraped from web data. KNOWREF-60K is the largest corpus to date for WSC-style common-sense reasoning and exhibits a significantly lower proportion of overlaps with current pretraining corpora.