gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Feasibility of achieving high detectivity at short- and mid-wavelength infrared using nanowire-plasmonic photodetectors with p–n heterojunctions (2018)

Photodetection at short- and mid-wavelength infrared (SWIR and MWIR) enables various sensing systems used in heat seeking, night vision, and spectroscopy. As a result, uncooled photodetection at these wavelengths is in high demand. However, these SWIR and MWIR photodetectors often suffer from high dark current, causing them to require bulky cooling accessories for operation. In this study, we argue for the feasibility of improving the room-temperature detectivity by significantly suppressing dark current. To realize this, we propose using (1) a nanowire-based platform to reduce the photoabsorber volume, which in turn reduces trap state population and hence generation-recombination current, and (2) p-n heterojunctions to prevent minority carrier diffusion from the large bandgap substrate into the nanowire absorber. We prove these concepts by demonstrating a comprehensive three-dimensional photoresponse model to explore the level of detectivity offered by vertical InAs(Sb) nanowire photodetector arrays with self-assembled plasmonic gratings. The resultant electrical simulations show that the dark current can be reduced by three to four orders at room temperature, leading to a peak detectivity greater than 3.5 × 10<sup>10</sup> cm Hz<sup>1/2</sup> W<sup>-1</sup> within the wavelength regime of 2.0-3.4 μm, making it comparable to the best commercial and research InAs p-i-n homojunction photodiodes. In addition, we show that the plasmonic resonance peaks can be easily tuned by simply varying the exposed nanowire height. Finally, we investigate the impact of nanowire material properties, such as carrier mobility and carrier lifetime, on the nanowire photodetector detectivity. This work provides a roadmap for the electrical design of nanowire optoelectronic devices and stimulates further experimental validation for uncooled photodetectors at SWIR and MWIR.
IW-3718, a Novel Gastric-Retentive Bile Acid Sequestrant, Improved Symptoms of Refractory GERD in a Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase 2a Study (2015)

Introduction: Refractory GERD (rGERD) is characterized by continued heartburn (HB) and/or regurgitation (RG) despite PPI treatment. Bile acid reflux appears to be an important contributing factor in rGERD. IW-3718 is a novel, investigational, gastric-retentive formulation of a bile acid sequestrant designed to bind to bile acids in the refluxate. Our aim was to determine if IW-3718 improves HB and/or RG in patients with continued symptoms despite receiving standard dose PPI therapy (SD PPIs). Methods: We conducted a phase 2a, double-blind, placebo-controlled study with a 2-week baseline and a 4-week treatment period. Eligible patients were taking SD PPIs, had HB or RG ≥2 days/week for 8 weeks before the study, and reported HB ≥4 of the last 7 days of baseline. Patients underwent optional 24h ambulatory Bilitec monitoring on SD PPI therapy and were stratified: pathological bile reflux (PBR=esophageal bilirubin absorbance >0.14 for >6% of time), normal bile reflux (NBR), and unknown bile reflux (UBR) if Bilitec was declined. Patients continued their SD PPIs and were randomly assigned 1:1 to IW-3718 1000 mg BID or placebo within each stratum. GERD symptoms were assessed twice daily via e-diary. Treatment satisfaction and degree of relief were measured weekly. This exploratory study included no predefined primary or secondary endpoints. AEs were recorded. Results: ITT Population included 93 patients (33 PBR, 19 NBR, 41 UBR). Demographics were generally similar between the IW-3718 and placebo groups within each stratum. Overall, the percent of patients free of RG at Week 4 was significantly higher among patients on IW-3718 compared with placebo (p=0.03), with greater improvement seen in PBR patients (p=0.01) (Figure). Degree of relief for overall GERD symptoms (p=0.07) and % of patients free of HB (p=0.25) were numerically greater for IW-3718 vs placebo (Figure). Change from baseline in severity of daytime HB, severity of daytime RG, and percent of days free of HB and RG were also improved at Week 4 for IW-3718 patients (vs placebo) in the overall population and in the PBR subgroup (Table). AEs were reported by 48% and 32% of IW-3718 and placebo patients, respectively; the most common AE was constipation (13% vs 0%, respectively). Conclusion: IW-3718 was well tolerated and improved RG and HB in GERD patients with continued symptoms while taking SD PPIs. The results of this study support the hypothesis that bile acid sequestration can reduce rGERD symptoms.Figure 1Table 1: Improvement in Heartburn and Regurgitation from Baseline to Week 4 (ITT Population)
Interactions among key residues regulate mammalian odorant receptor trafficking (2022)

Odorant receptors (ORs) expressed in mammalian olfactory sensory neurons are essential for the sense of smell. However, structure-function studies of many ORs are hampered by unsuccessful heterologous expression. To understand and eventually overcome this bottleneck, we performed heterologous expression and functional assays of over 80 OR variants and chimeras. Combined with literature data and machine learning, we found that the transmembrane domain 4 (TM4) and its interactions with neighbor residues are important for OR functional expression. The data highlight critical roles of T<sup>4.62</sup> therein. ORs that fail to reach the cell membrane can be rescued by modifications in TM4. Consequently, such modifications in MOR256-3 (Olfr124) also alter OR responses to odorants. T161<sup>4.62</sup> P causes the retention of MOR256-3 in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), while T161<sup>4.62</sup> P/T148<sup>4.49</sup> A reverses the retention and makes receptor trafficking to cell membrane. This study offers new clues toward wide-range functional studies of mammalian ORs.
Growth Hormone (GH) Stimulates Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I (IGF-I) and IGF-Binding Protein (IGFBP)-2 Gene Expression in Spleens of Juvenile Rats (1994)

Growth and development of the spleen involves the growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) axis. To evaluate the molecular mechanism of these effects we studied the effect of hypophysectomy (Hx) and GH replacement therapy on the expression of IGF-I, the IGF-I receptor and IGF-binding protein-2 (IGFBP-2) in juvenile rats. Hx resulted in a 30% reduction in body weight. GH replacement therapy for seven days partially prevented these effects. IGF-I mRNA levels were reduced 30% by Hx, IGFBP-2 mRNA levels fell 50% whereas IGF-I receptor mRNA levels were unaffected. GH therapy prevented the reduction in IGF-I and IGFBP-2 mRNA levels. These results suggest that the GH effect on splenic growth and development is via local (paracrine) IGF-I expression, in addition to any effect by circulating (endocrine) IGF-I.
Tracking genetically engineered bacteria: monoclonal antibodies against surface determinants of the soil bacterium Pseudomonas putida 2440 (1992)

Assessment of potential risks involved in the release of genetically engineered microorganisms is facilitated by the availability of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), a tool potentially able to monitor specific organisms. We raised a bank of MAbs against the soil bacterium Pseudomonas putida 2440, which is a host for modified TOL plasmids and other recombinant plasmids. Three MAbs, 7.3B, 7.4D, and 7.5D, were highly specific and recognized only P. putida bacteria. Furthermore, we developed a semiquantitative dot blot assay that allowed us to detect as few as 100 cells per spot. A 40-kDa cell surface protein was the target for MAbs 7.4D and 7.5D. Detection of the cell antigen depended on the bacterial growth phase and culture medium. The O antigen of lipopolysaccharide seems to be the target for MAb 7.3B, and its in vivo detection was independent of the bacterial growth phase and culture medium. MAb 7.3B was used successfully to track P. putida (pWW0) released in unsterile lake mesocosms.
myo‐Inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphorothioate is a potent competitive inhibitor of human erythrocyte 5‐phosphatase (1989)

The effect of the myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) analogue, myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphorothioate (IPS3) on the dephosphorylation of D-5-[32P]IP3 by the 5-phosphatase from human erythrocyte membranes has been investigated. DL-IPS3 was found to act as a competitive inhibitor with a Ki of 6 microM, making it the most potent inhibitor currently available for this enzyme. L-IP3 inhibited the enzyme with a Ki of 124 microM and was more potent than D-2,3-diphosphoglycerate (Ki 978 microM).
A Distributed Taxation Based Rank Adaptation Scheme for 5G Small Cells (2015)

The further densification of small cells impose high and undesirable levels of inter-cell interference. Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) systems along with advanced receiver techniques provide us with extra degrees of freedom to combat such a problem. With such tools, rank adaptation algorithms allow us to use our antenna resources to either exploit multiple spatial streams in low interference scenarios, or suppress interference in high interference scenarios. In this paper, we propose and evaluate an interference-aware distributed rank adaptation algorithm. The concept behind our approach is to discourage the choice of transmitting with multiple spatial streams in highly interfered scenarios, and to exploit and encourage the usage of multiple spatial transmission streams in low interference scenarios. We show that our proposed algorithm can be adjusted to preserve and guarantee a good outage performance, while providing the benefit of higher average throughputs, in both low and highly interfered scenarios, when compared to fixed rank configurations, and distributed selfish schemes.
Interaction of Excimer Laser Radiation with Solids (1990)

We review the nature of the interactions that occur when excimer laser radiation impacts on different materials. The physical processes that occur during such interactions can be traced by subsequent physical and chemical analysis of the interface following the irradiation. We illustrate this approach with data obtained for a variety of materials including Cu, Al, polyimide and foamed polystyrene. We also discuss the processes that initiate material removal in transparent (wide bandgap) materials.
Dynamic Adaptation of Rules for Temporal Event Correlation in Distributed Systems (2005)

Event correlation is essential to realizing self-managing distributed systems. For example, distributed systems often require that events be correlated from multiple systems using temporal patterns to detect denial of service attacks and to warn of problems with business critical applications that run on multiple servers. This paper addresses how to specify timer values for temporal patterns so as to manage the trade-off between false alarms and undetected alarms. A central concern is addressing the variability of event propagation delays due to factors such as contention for network and server resources. To this end, we develop an architecture and an adaptive control algorithm that dynamically compensate for variations in propagation delays. Our approach makes Management Stations more autonomic by avoiding the need for manual adjustments of timer values in temporal rules. Further, studies we conducted of a testbed system suggest that our approach produces results that are at least as good as an optimal fixed setting of timer values.
Constructive three-dimensional lithography with electron-beam induced deposition for quantum effect devices (1993)

Two- and three-dimensional patterns and structures can be grown by electron-beam induced deposition from organic and metalorganic precursors. Using a very fine electron beam in a dedicated field emission scanning electron microscope produces nanometer size deposits which extend from surfaces to heights in the micrometer range. The material is fed to the sample through a nozzle which presents a small leakage flux to the specimen chamber. Having an image processor attached to the microscope allows two- and three-dimensional deposition of material to be controlled. Selecting special speed rates for the motion of the beam generates inclined deposits even at a 90° beam landing angle. Combining a tilted sample and the two-dimensional way of structuring yield three-dimensional structures. These nanostructures have very special characteristics with respect to resistivity and shape. Selecting dimethyl- gold-trifluoro-acetylacetonate as precursor, a current of 1 nA, and a low electron energy of 10 keV for the deposition process, resistors of 700 Ω are obtained with a specific resistivity of 10−2 Ω cm.
Preferential Cutaneous Infiltration by Neoplastic Thymus-Derived Lymphocytes (1974)

The abnormal lymphocytes from three patients with mycosis fungoides and from four patients with lymphocytic leukemia accompanied by exfoliative erythroderma were shown to have membrane properties of thymus-derived lymphocytes (T cells). Several other significant features were identified in the four patients with lymphocytic leukemia. The neoplastic lymphocytes from three patients had morphologic characteristics of the "small cell variant" of the Sézary cell. Cells from the other patient had both bone marrow-derived (B)- and T-cell markers. T cells from two patients were essentially unresponsive to mitogens, and one patient's lymphocytes failed to stimulate allogeneic normal lymphocytes in mixed leukocyte cutures, despite the presence of histocompatability antigens. The abnormal, circulating T cells in each of the four leukemic patients not only preferentially infiltrated the skin but remarkably spared the bone marrow. These findings suggest that lymphoproliferative disorders with widespread cutaneous infiltration are frequently T-cell malignancies with several distinguishing cellular features.
Toxin-Based Targeted Therapy for Malignant Brain Tumors (2012)

Despite advances in conventional treatment modalities for malignant brain tumors-surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy-the prognosis for patients with high-grade astrocytic tumor remains dismal. The highly heterogeneous and diffuse nature of astrocytic tumors calls for the development of novel therapies. Advances in genomic and proteomic research indicate that treatment of brain tumor patients can be increasingly personalized according to the characteristics of the targeted tumor and its environment. Consequently, during the last two decades, a novel class of investigative drug candidates for the treatment of central nervous system neoplasia has emerged: recombinant fusion protein conjugates armed with cytotoxic agents targeting tumor-specific antigens. The clinical applicability of the tumor-antigen-directed cytotoxic proteins as a safe and viable therapy for brain tumors is being investigated. Thus far, results from ongoing clinical trials are encouraging, as disease stabilization and patient survival prolongation have been observed in at least 109 cases. This paper summarizes the major findings pertaining to treatment with the different antiglioma cytotoxins at the preclinical and clinical stages.
Contraction and Expansion of Stimuli-Responsive DNA Bonds in Flexible Colloidal Crystals* (2020)

DNA surface ligands can be used as programmable “bonds” to control the arrangement of nanoparticles into crystalline superlattices. Due to their highly tunable structure and sequence-specific interactions, nucleic acids have emerged as powerful surface ligands to direct the assembly of nanoparticles into one-, two-, and 3D colloidal crystals. To evaluate the effect of nanoparticle size on the ability of ethanol (EtOH) to modulate DNA bonds, crystals were similarly prepared using 15 nm diameter spherical programmable atom equivalents (PAEs). While in situ small-angle X-ray scattering experiments indicate that the superlattice undergoes a similar phase transition in response to EtOH, the crystallinities of the contracted phases are reduced compared to those of the 30 nm PAEs. All-atom molecular dynamics simulations were performed to gain additional insight into the mechanism of the EtOH-induced superlattice contraction.
Window-Based Greedy Contention Management for Transactional Memory (2010)

We consider greedy contention managers for transactional memory for M x N execution windows of transactions with M threads and N transactions per thread. Assuming that each transaction conflicts with at most C other transactions inside the window, a trivial greedy contention manager can schedule them within CN time. In this paper, we show that there are much better schedules. We present and analyze two new randomized greedy contention management algorithms. The first algorithm Offline-Greedy produces a schedule of length O(C + N log(MN)) with high probability, and gives competitive ratio O(log(MN)) for C &lt;= N log(MN). The offline algorithm depends on knowing the conflict graph. The second algorithm Online-Greedy produces a schedule of length O(C log(MN) + N log^2(MN)) with high probability which is only a O(log(NM)) factor worse, but does not require knowledge of the conflict graph. We also give an adaptive version which achieves similar worst-case performance and C is determined on the fly under execution. Our algorithms provide new tradeoffs for greedy transaction scheduling that parameterize window sizes and transaction conflicts within the window.
Functional analysis of an oxygen-regulated transcriptional enhancer lying 3' to the mouse erythropoietin gene. (1991)

Erythropoietin, the major hormone controlling red-cell production, is regulated in part through oxygen-dependent changes in the rate of transcription of its gene. Using transient transfection in HepG2 cells, we have defined a DNA sequence, located 120 base pairs 3' to the poly(A)-addition site of the mouse erythropoietin gene, that confers oxygen-regulated expression on a variety of heterologous promoters. The sequence has the typical features of a eukaryotic enhancer. Approximately 70 base pairs are necessary for full activity, but reiteration restores activity to shorter inactive sequences. This enhancer operates in HepG2 and Hep3B cells, but not in Chinese hamster ovary cells or mouse erythroleukemia cells, and responds to cobalt but not to cyanide or 2-deoxyglucose, thus reflecting the physiological control of erythropoietin production accurately.
Knee Joint Injury by Mercury From a Broken Thermometer (1981)

An 11-year-old boy injured the inner side of his left knee when accidentally breaking a mercury thermometer. He immediately developed an acute synovitis. Soft tissues and synovium containing metallic mercury droplets were completely removed at operation. The patient recovered within five weeks. Symptoms and signs of acute or chronic mercury poisoning were not observed. However, because injury by a mercury thermometer may become very serious if the metal is absorbed by the tissues and disseminated through the circulatory system, immediate local excision of tissue is necessary. Interestingly, the histologic appearance of the synovial membrane was remarkable by the lack of any foreign body giant cell reaction.
Infrared imaging of the polymer 3D-printing process (2014)

Both mid-wave and long-wave IR cameras are used to measure various temperature profiles in thermoplastic parts as they are printed. Two significantly different 3D-printers are used in this study. The first is a small scale commercially available Solidoodle 3 printer, which prints parts with layer thicknesses on the order of 125μm. The second printer used is a “Big Area Additive Manufacturing” (BAAM) 3D-printer developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The BAAM prints parts with a layer thicknesses of 4.06 mm. Of particular interest is the temperature of the previously deposited layer as the new hot layer is about to be extruded onto it. The two layers are expected have a stronger bond if the temperature of the substrate layer is above the glass transition temperature. This paper describes the measurement technique and results for a study of temperature decay and substrate layer temperature for ABS thermoplastic with and without the addition of chopped carbon fibers.
An Adaptive On-Line HW/SW Partitioning for Soft Real Time Reconfigurable Systems (2005)

We present a new HW/SW partitioning approach. This partitioning method is called an online partitioning algorithm (O.P.A) which consists to adapt dynamically the architecture to the processing requirements. A scheduling heuristic is associated to this partitioning approach. We compare our method with an off-line static HW/SW partitioning approach.
OTX015 Epi-Drug Exerts Antitumor Effects in Ovarian Cancer Cells by Blocking GNL3-Mediated Radioresistance Mechanisms: Cellular, Molecular and Computational Evidence (2021)

Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most aggressive gynecological tumor worldwide and, notwithstanding the increment in conventional treatments, many resistance mechanisms arise, this leading to cure failure and patient death. So, the use of novel adjuvant drugs able to counteract these pathways is urgently needed to improve patient overall survival. A growing interest is focused on epigenetic drugs for cancer therapy, such as Bromodomain and Extra-Terminal motif inhibitors (BETi). Here, we investigate the antitumor effects of OTX015, a novel BETi, as a single agent or in combination with ionizing radiation (IR) in OC cellular models. OTX015 treatment significantly reduced tumor cell proliferation by triggering cell cycle arrest and apoptosis that were linked to nucleolar stress and DNA damage. OTX015 impaired migration capacity and potentiated IR effects by reducing the expression of different drivers of cancer resistance mechanisms, including GNL3 gene, whose expression was found to be significantly higher in OC biopsies than in normal ovarian tissues. Gene specific knocking down and computational network analysis confirmed the centrality of GNL3 in OTX015-mediated OC antitumor effects. Altogether, our findings suggest OTX015 as an effective option to improve therapeutic strategies and overcome the development of resistant cancer cells in patients with OC.
Metamaterials with angle selective emissivity in the near-IR (2012)

Metamaterials have been previously studied for their ability to tailor the dispersive IR emissivity of a surface. Here, we investigate two metamaterial structures based on an electromagnetic band-gap surface and dielectric resonators for use as near-IR emitters with custom angle selectivity. A genetic algorithm is successfully employed to optimize the metamaterial structures to have minimum emissivity in the normal direction and high emissivity at desired off-normal angles specified by the designer.
Pulsatile drug delivery from microfabricated particles (2016)

Frontiers Events is a rapidly growing calendar management system dedicated to the scheduling of academic events. This includes announcements and invitations, participant listings and search functionality, abstract handling and publication, related events and post-event exchanges. Whether an organizer or participant, make your event a Frontiers Event!
Secular trend of treatment uptake in patients with chronic hepatitis B: A territory‐wide study of 135 395 patients from 2000 to 2017 (2021)

Treatment uptake rates have been increasing over time. Normal platelet count, which reflects less advanced liver disease, precludes patients from receiving antiviral treatment even if treatment indication is fulfilled. Hence, the importance to identify non-cirrhotic patients with significant liver fibrosis should be emphasized.
Novel Whole-Body-MRI in comparison with routine preoperative diagnostic modalities in patients undergoing surgery for abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Initial experience (2005)

Objectives: To determine the value of Whole-Body-MR-Angiography (TIMRA) as a diagnostic modalitiy for detection of vascular disorders in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) undergoing surgical treatment we compared this method with conventional Angiography (CA) and/or CT-Angiography (CtA) and Color-Duplex-Ultrasound (US).