gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prediction of systemic biomarkers from retinal photographs: development and validation of deep-learning algorithms (2020)

Agency for Science, Technology, and Research and National Medical Research Council, Singapore; Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology.
CVD-Mn/CVD-Ru-based barrier/liner solution for advanced BEOL Cu/Low-k interconnects (2016)

Aggressive downscaling of the barrier/liner thickness is the key to meet line and via resistance requirements from 15nm metal half pitch and below interconnects. For this purpose, porous low-k(2.4) dielectric/Mn-based barrier/Ru-liner/Cu system was extensively studied. Mn-silicate (MnSiO3) formation, intrinsic Cu diffusion barrier property and O2 barrier efficiency of the system were demonstrated. A stack of 1nm Mn-based barrier/1nm Ru liner was successfully integrated in tight pitch dual damascene (DD) Cu wires and its extendibility to at least 15nm feature size was confirmed both morphologically and electrically. Although, it was shown that Mn/Ru-based system is intrinsically reliable from electro-migration (EM) perspective, the absence of the flux divergence at the via bottom was also established, which needs to be addressed. Overall, this work shows that the Mn/Ru-based system is a serious barrier/liner solution for future technology nodes.
An impedance analysis of an oxygen-sensitive ZnO-SiO2-Au device under UV illumination (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAn impedance analysis of an oxygen-sensitive ZnO-SiO2-Au device under UV illuminationKenkichiro Kobayashi, Hideharu Nakata, Shigenori Matsushima, and Genji OkadaCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1995, 99, 3, 999–1004Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100003a024https://doi.org/10.1021/j100003a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views123Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOCHEMISTRY OF REACTIONS AT CARBON‐TRANSITION METAL SIGMA BONDS. (CH3)3CCHDCHDFE(CO)2C5H5 (1974)

Abstract S 7100 Eine bequeme, stereoselektive Synthese für die erythro‐ und threo‐[D,]Butanol‐Ver‐ K 9000 bindungen (Va) und (Vb) wird beschrieben.
Adverse remodeling of cardiac cholinergic innervation and pacemaker dysfunction in Gαq overexpressing mice (2007)

Cardiac-selective overexpression of Gαq leads first to cardiac hypertrophy and then to marked systolic dysfunction and blunted β-adrenergic response. Unlike clinical heart failure, Gαq overexpressors also exhibit a reduced heart rate. To address this discrepancy, we evaluated cardiac cholinergic innervation in Gαq overexpressors at 6 months of age. Resting HR, chronotropic response to right vagal stimulation (VS) and effect of atropine (5 mg/kg, i.p.) were determined by EKG analysis in mice anesthetized with 2% isoflurane. Compared to control mice, overexpressors had a lower resting HR and shorter PR interval (25±3 vs 65±11 ms, n=6-7, P<0.01). VS caused a robust, frequency-dependent bradycardia in control mice with 20Hz stimuli reducing HR by 81±2% to 84±19 bpm. Chronotropic response to VS was absent or blunted in transgenic mice. Transgenic responders exhibited a higher threshold for stimulation-evoked bradycardia and smaller responses. Stimulation at 20Hz decreased HR by 20±4% to 132±12 bpm (n=4). Atropine increased heart rate by 114±23 bpm in control mice but did not affect HR significantly in overexpressors. Immunohistochemical analysis of atrial tissue sections revealed a much lower density of cholinergic nerves in Gαq mice compared to nontransgenic controls. We conclude that chronic Gαq overexpression by cardiac myocytes produces an intrinsic pacemaker defect and causes adverse remodeling of cardiac cholinergic neurons. Supported by grants from AHA and HL075265.
Polypropylene surface modification with stearyl alcohol ethoxylates to enhance wettability (2011)

Abstract Stearyl alcohol ethoxylated additives were melt‐blended in polypropylene (PP) films, and the characteristics of the modified films were investigated. The melt blending of stearyl alcohol ethoxylates improved the hydrophilicity of the PP films through additive surface segregation. Surface specific techniques, such as X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and time‐of‐flight secondary‐ion mass spectrometry, were used to study the surface compositions of the samples modified with ethoxylated additives. This revealed that the surface concentrations of the additives were significantly higher than the bulk concentrations in all samples. In addition, the surface compositions of the additive‐modified samples continuously changed, even after the films were fully solidified. We also found that the resulting surface characteristics were very dynamic, so the melt‐additive‐containing polymer surfaces responded to water exposure, and their surface properties and morphologies were altered as a result. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
The in vivo mechanism of action of CTLA4Ig (1996)

A single dose of CTLA4Ig, an inhibitor of CD28-mediated T cell costimulation, given 2 days after transplantation induces specific unresponsiveness to alloantigens in vivo. However, the mechanisms responsible are unknown. Using pigeon cytochrome c as a model Ag, we monitored the effect of CTLA4Ig on the fate of Ag-reactive T cells in normal mice and on pigeon cytochrome c-specific TCR transgenic cells adoptively transferred into congenic mice. CTLA4Ig significantly inhibits immunization with pigeon cytochrome c. In particular, ELISA and ELISPOT assays indicate an 80 to 90% reduction in Th1 (i.e, IL-2 and IFN-gamma) cytokine production and in the numbers of cytokine-producing cells. Interestingly, despite this profound reduction in cytokine-producing cells, Ag-reactive T cells expand in CTLA4Ig-treated animals, although the degree of expansion is reduced by 50% compared with that in control Ig-treated animals. Thus, loss of Th1 cytokine production in CTLA4Ig-treated animals is not fully explained by the decreased expansion of Ag-specific T cells. These results suggest two mechanisms of action for CTLA4Ig in vivo: inhibition of expansion of Ag-reactive cells and induction of anergy in the residual population.
Constraints on neutrino lifetime from the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (2019)

The long baseline between Earth and the Sun makes solar neutrinos an excellent test beam for exploring possible neutrino decay. The signature of such decay would be an energy-dependent distortion of the traditional survival probability which can be fit for using well-developed and high-precision analysis methods. Here a model including neutrino decay is fit to all three phases of 8B solar neutrino data taken by the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO). This fit constrains the lifetime of neutrino mass state ν2 to be &gt; 8.08 × 10−5 s=eV at 90% confidence. An analysis combining this SNO result with those from other solar neutrino experiments results in a combined limit for the lifetime of mass state ν2 of &gt; 1.92 × 10−3 s=eV at 90% confidence.
Cardiothoracic CT Angiography: Current Contrast Medium Delivery Strategies (2011)

Thorough understanding of contrast medium dynamics is essential for the design of effective acquisition and injection protocols. This article provides an overview of the fundamentals affecting contrast enhancement, emphasizing the modifications to contrast material delivery protocols required to optimize cardiothoracic CT angiography.
Synthesis and Photophysics of Silicon Phthalocyanine–Perylenebisimide Triads Connected through Rigid and Flexible Bridges (2011)

Three new bisperylenebisimide-silicon phthalocyanine triads [(PBI)(2)-SiPcs 1, 2, and 3] connected with either rigid or flexible bridges were synthesized and characterized. A new synthetic approach to connect SiPc and PBI moieties through click chemistry produced triad 3 with an 80% yield. In (PBI)(2)-SiPc 1, PBI and SiPc are orthogonal and were connected with a rigid connector; triads 2 and 3 bear flexible aliphatic bridges, resulting in a tilted (2) or nearly parallel arrangement (3) of PBI and SiPc. Photoinduced intramolecular processes in these (PBI)(2)-SiPcs were studied and the results are compared with those of the reference compounds SiPc-ref and PBI-ref. The occurrence of electron-transfer processes between the SiPc and PBI units was confirmed by time-resolved emission and transient absorption techniques. Charge-separated (CS) states with lifetimes of 0.91, 1.3 and 2.0 ns for triads 1, 2, and 3, respectively, were detected using femtosecond laser flash photolysis. Upon the addition of Mg(ClO(4))(2), an increase in the lifetime of the CS states to 59, 110 and 200 μs was observed for triads (PBI)(2)-SiPcs 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The energy of the CS state (SiPc(·+)-PDI(·-)/Mg(2+)) is lower than the energy of both silicon phthalocyanine ((3)SiPc*-PDI) and perylenebisimide (SiPc-(3)PDI*) triplet excited states, which decelerates the metal ion-decoupled electron-transfer process for charge recombination to the ground state, thus increasing the lifetime of the CS state. The photophysics of the three triads demonstrate the importance of the rigidity of the spacer and the orientation between donor and acceptor units.
Reverse Transcription-Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification (RT-LAMP) Assay for Zika Virus and Housekeeping Genes in Urine, Serum, and Mosquito Samples (2018)

Infection with Zika virus (ZIKV) can be asymptomatic in adults, however, infection during pregnancy can lead to miscarriage and severe neurological birth defects. The goal of this protocol is to quickly detect ZIKV in both human and mosquito samples. The current gold standard for ZIKV detection is quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR); reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) may allow for a more efficient and low-cost testing without the need for expensive equipment. In this study, RT-LAMP is used for ZIKV detection in various biological samples within 30 min, without first isolating the RNA from the sample. This technique is demonstrated using ZIKV infected patient urine and serum, and infected mosquito samples. 18S ribosomal ribonucleic acid and actin are used as controls in human and mosquito samples, respectively.
Exploiting Nonacoustic Sensors for Speech Encoding (2006)

The intelligibility of speech transmitted through low-rate coders is severely degraded when high levels of acoustic noise are present in the acoustic environment. Recent advances in nonacoustic sensors, including microwave radar, skin vibration, and bone conduction sensors, provide the exciting possibility of both glottal excitation and, more generally, vocal tract measurements that are relatively immune to acoustic disturbances and can supplement the acoustic speech waveform. We are currently investigating methods of combining the output of these sensors for use in low-rate encoding according to their capability in representing specific speech characteristics in different frequency bands. Nonacoustic sensors have the ability to reveal certain speech attributes lost in the noisy acoustic signal; for example, low-energy consonant voice bars, nasality, and glottalized excitation. By fusing nonacoustic low-frequency and pitch content with acoustic-microphone content, we have achieved significant intelligibility performance gains using the DRT across a variety of environments over the government standard 2400-bps MELPe coder. By fusing quantized high-band 4-to-8-kHz speech, requiring only an additional 116 bps, we obtain further DRT performance gains by exploiting the ear's insensitivity to fine spectral detail in this frequency region.
A Doubly N‐Fused Benzohexaphyrin and Its Rearrangement to a Fluorescent Macrocycle upon DDQ Oxidation (2005)

Eine Retro-Diels-Alder-Reaktion überführt eine β-Bicyclo[2.2.2]octadien-kondensierte Vorstufe in das gezeigte, doppelt N-kondensierte β-Benzo[28]hexaphyrin(1.1.1.1.1.1), das bei der Behandlung mit DDQ (2,3-Dichlor-5,6-dicyan-1,4-benzochinon) eine oxidative Umlagerung in einen Makrocyclus eingeht, der im sichtbaren/Nah-IR-Bereich fluoresziert.
Free-space parallel multichip interconnection system (2000)

A parallel data-communication scheme is described for interchip communication with free-space optics. We present a proof-of-concept and feasibility demonstration of a practical modular packaging approach in which free-space optical interconnect modules can be simply integrated on top of an electronic multichip module (MCM). Our packaging architecture is based on a modified folded 4-f imaging system that is implemented with off-the-shelf optics, conventional electronic packaging techniques, and passive assembly techniques to yield a potentially low-cost packaging solution. The prototype system, as built, supports 48 independent free-space channels with eight separate laser and detector chips, in which each chip consists of a one-dimensional array of 12 devices. All chips are assembled on a single ceramic carrier together with three silicon complementary metal-oxide semiconductor chips. Parallel optoelectronic (OE) free-space interconnections are demonstrated at a speed of 200 MHz. The system is compact at only 10 in.(3) (~164 cm(3)) and is scalable because it can easily accommodate additional chips as well as two-dimensional OE device arrays for increased interconnection density.
Microwave fiber optic link antenna remoting trade study measurements (2002)

This paper summarizes measurements made to evaluate the use of commercial off-the-shelf microwave fiber optic links for transmitting and receiving RF signals for antenna remoting in testing of electronic warfare and radar systems.
Beyond Acid Strength in Zeolites: Soft Framework Counteranions for Stabilization of Carbocations on Zeolites and Its Implication in Organic Synthesis (2015)

Abstract The generation of a carbocation with an acid depends not only on the acid strength but also on the ability of the counteranion to stabilize the positive charge left behind. Here we report that despite their relatively weak acidity, zeolites are able to generate and stabilize medium‐size (molecular weight ≈300 Da) delocalized carbocations on their surface under mild reaction conditions, as it can be done by strong Brønsted or Lewis acids in solution. The zeolite thus acts as a soft macroanion, prolonging the lifetime of the carbocation sufficiently to perform multifunctionalization reactions with amides, thioamides, and phenols, with high yield and selectivity. Biological studies show that some of the products obtained here present significant inhibition activity against colon cancer cells, illustrating the new possibilities of zeolites to prepare complex organic molecules.
Next generation UltraFlex (NGU) technology maturation for NASA's New Millennium Program (NMP) Space Technology 8 (ST8) (2005)

ABLE Engineering, Inc. (ABLE), in collaboration with the NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), and EMCORE Photovoltaics (EPV), has been selected for the NASA New Millennium Program (NMP) Space Technology 8 (ST8) Study Phase project to develop and potentially flight validate a state-of-the-art solar array system called: "next generation UltraFlex" NGU is a highly evolved and scaled version of the previously flight qualified Mars 01-Lander UltraFlex and employs many advanced technologies. The NGU system promises very high specific power (175 W/g - 220 W/kg BOL), compact storage volume (>33 kW/m/sup 3/), high reliability, scalability beyond 7 kW wing sizes, and operational capability for standard, high voltage, multi-A.U., and/or high temperature applications. Key technology maturation activities performed (deployment kinematics, deployed dynamics, and power production/survivability) that demonstrate TRL 4+ achievement will be presented. NGU design, development, analysis, and hardware activities are presented. NGU subsystem and system level experimental tests/results and model correlation will be presented. NGU technology scale-up performance to 7 kW wing sizes will also be addressed.
Evaluation of in vivo insulin action and glucose metabolism in milk-fed rats (1992)

Milk diet has long been recommended in the management of gastrointestinal pathologies. Since milk feeding represents a high fat-low carbohydrate diet and it is acknowledged that insulin resistance is one of the consequences of high fat feeding, it is important to know whether or not chronic milk feeding leads to an impairment of the insulin-mediated glucose metabolism. To examine this question, adult female rats were given raw cow's milk (50% of total calories as lipids) for 18 days. They were compared to rats raised in parallel and fed the standard laboratory diet (15% of total calories as lipids). At the end of the 18 day period, body weight, daily caloric intake, basal plasma glucose and insulin levels in the milk-fed rats were similar to those in the control rats. In vivo insulin action was assessed with the euglycemichyperinsulinemic clamp technique in anesthetized animals. These studies were coupled with the 2-deoxyglucose technique allowing a measurement of glucose utilization by individual tissues. In the milk fed rats: 1) the basal rate of endogenous glucose production was significantly (p < 0.01) reduced (by 20%); 2) their hepatic glucose production was however normally suppressed by hyperinsulinemia; 3) their basal glucose utilization rate was significantly (p < 0.01) reduced (by 20%); 4) their glucose utilization rate by the whole-body mass or by individual tissues was normally increased by hyperinsulinemia. These results indicate that insulin action in adult rats is not grossly altered after chronic milk-feeding, at least under the present experimental conditions.
Evolution of an isolated monopole in a spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate (2016)

The evolution of an isolated monopole is investigated in a ferromagnetically coupled, spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate in the absence of external magnetic fields. It is predicted that a polar-core spin vortex may emerge spontaneously in the resulting ferromagnetic order-parameter field.
Tuning the ellipticity of harmonics generated in graphene (2020)

We show that the ellipticity dependence of harmonic generation from graphene is a function of its Fermi energy. This allows for the yield and output ellipticity to be readily tuned via electrostatic gating.
Improving gate oxide integrity (GOI) of a W/WNx/dual-poly Si stacked-gate by using wet-hydrogen oxidation in 0.14-μm CMOS devices (2002)

Highly reliable W/WNx/dual-polySi stacked-gate technology for fabricating 0.14-/spl mu/m CMOS devices was developed. This technology uses a unique wet-hydrogen (WH) oxidation for achieving gate edge recovery following dry etching. We eliminated gate leakage thoroughly while simultaneously suppressing boron (B) penetration in PMOS by precisely controlling WH oxidation conditions. This oxidation technology results in high-performance CMOS characteristics.
Ubi-Floor: Design and Pilot Implementation of an Interactive Floor System (2010)

Ubi-floor is designed as an interactive floor system which allows user to interact with a floor based smart environment. Concerning context aware floor system, previous researches typically dealt with simple ideas of using gate pattern recognition supported by piezoelectric sensing devices or personal identification mediated by body weight estimation that cannot fully support position dependent context-awareness not to mention interactive interfaces based on it. This paper describes the design and implementation of an interactive floor system that is capable of dealing with various context aware multimedia applications such as visual displays, floor based games, navigation through geographical maps and recording or playing video memo triggered by the menu selections through foot step tracking interface. In addition, this pilot system is recognized as a highly scalable modular prototype of an innovative digital floor system applicable to diversified ubiquitous environments. Furthermore, the system is likely to provide highly enhanced usability of a smart floor system largely affected by various applications that could be adopted. Our further study will include the integration of this ubi-floor platform with various applications in the domain of ubiquitous computing.
Advanced Reliability Modeling of Cu/low-k Interconnection in FCBGA Package (2006)

Thermo-mechanical simulation is carried out on the Cu/low-k FCBGA (flip-chip ball grid array) package for high performance server applications. Global-local modeling methodology is performed. Layered structures for both buildup substrate and Cu/low-k layers are established. The buildup substrate is divided into inner and outer areas based on the Cu distribution, and equivalent properties for each area are obtained. A homogenization method which enables to take exact Cu/low-K layout into account is developed to obtain the equivalent properties of interconnects. Furthermore, faithful simulation of the consecutive material deposit steps has been performed in order to reproduce the whole fabrication process. Stress state induced by both front-end and packaging processes has been studied based on the established methodology. Thus, potential sites for delamination are identified. For critical sites, fracture mechanics approach is applied, and energy release rate is computed in order to determine the reliability of copper/low-k interconnects. Delamination hazard is investigated in several areas of interconnects, and discussions are carried out concerning crack propagation phenomena.
Thermal Modelling and Experimental Validation in the Perspective of Tool Steel Laser Polishing (2022)

Laser polishing (LP) is a process that allows a significant reduction of the surface roughness of a metal workpiece via re-melting a shallow layer of material. However, the practical use of LP is limited due to the difficulty of satisfying the high surface polishing quality for industries such as jewelry. Hence, this study presents a thermal model based on the Chernoff formula for fixed and moving LP processes. The model was validated via a sensitivity analysis of the coefficient of absorption of the solid and liquid phase and through comparing the results with the corresponding experimental observations of the melt pools produced. In this investigation, a continuous wave, high power diode laser (980 nm wavelength, Ø 0.9 mm spot size with a flat top distribution) was coupled to a fixed focusing head. The material was a hardened tool steel (X38CrMVo5-1 steel-1.2343) with an initial surface state obtained by electrical discharge machining (EDM) of CH30 on the Charmilles scale for EDM, which corresponds to a roughness Ra of 3.15 µm. The results show that the model is able to represent the thermal behavior of the tool steel during LP. The best results are obtained with two constant coefficients, one for the solid based on the measurement at room temperature (as = 35%) and one for the liquid fixed so that the model fits the experiment data (al = 25%).