gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Task-Based Graph Signal Compression (2021)

Graph signals arise in various applications, ranging from sensor networks to social media data. The high-dimensional nature of these signals implies that they often need to be compressed in order to be stored and transmitted. The common framework for graph signal compression is based on sampling, resulting in a set of continuous-amplitude samples, which in turn have to be quantized into a finite bit representation. In this work we study the joint design of graph signal sampling along with quantization, for graph signal compression. We focus on bandlimited graph signals, and show that the compression problem can be represented as a task-based quantization setup, in which the task is to recover the spectrum of the signal. Based on this equivalence, we propose a joint design of the sampling and recovery mechanisms for a fixed quantization mapping, and present an iterative algorithm for dividing the available bit budget among the discretized samples. Furthermore, we show how the proposed approach can be realized using graph filters combining elements corresponding the neighbouring nodes of the graph, thus facilitating distributed implementation at reduced complexity. Our numerical evaluations on both synthetic and real world data shows that the joint sampling and quantization method yields a compact finite bit representation of high-dimensional graph signals, which allows reconstruction of the original signal with accuracy within a small gap of that achievable with infinite resolution quantizers.
Systemic sclerosis-like histopathological features in the myocardium of uPAR-deficient mice (2015)

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a complex connective tissue disease characterized by widespread microvascular damage and progressive fibrosis involving the skin and multiple internal organs, especially lungs, heart and gastrointestinal tract. Cardiomyopathy is among the leading causes of death in SSc patients. Urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR)-deficient mice have been recently reported to display important histopathological hallmarks of SSc, including dermal fibrosis, reduced dermal capillary density and pulmonary fibrosis (Manetti et al., 2014). Here, we investigated whether uPAR-deficient mice could display the histopathological features of SSc-related cardiomyopathy. Left ventricular myocardium specimens from uPAR-deficient and wild-type mice were processed for light and transmission electron microscopy. Myocardium sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and Picrosirius red for the analysis of collagen content. Myofibroblast and microvessel counts were determined by immunofluorescence for alpha-smooth muscle actin and CD31, respectively. Endothelial cell apoptosis was assessed by a combined TUNEL/CD31 immunofluorescence assay. The expression of uPAR in human SSc and control left ventricular myocardium samples was determined by immunohistochemistry. The myocardium of uPAR-deficient mice displayed focal ischemic lesions with cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, myofibril rarefaction and contraction band necrosis. Interstitial and perivascular collagen deposition and myofibroblast counts were significantly greater in myocardial tissue of uPAR-deficient than in wild-type mice. In uPAR-deficient mice, myocardial fibrosis was paralleled by microvascular endothelial cell apoptosis and reduced capillary density. uPAR expression was significantly downregulated in human SSc myocardium. Typical histopathological features of SSc-related cardiomyopathy are mimicked by uPAR-deficient mice. The downregulation of uPAR in the myocardium of SSc patients may suggest similar underlying pathogenetic mechanisms. uPAR-deficient mice might be a preclinical model to study the mechanisms and therapeutic approaches of myocardial involvement in SSc.
Single-Carrier and Dual-Carrier 400-Gb/s and 1.0-Tb/s Transmission Systems (2014)

We review recent experimental demonstrations of high-speed optical transmission systems using digital coherent detection at high, all-electronically multiplexed symbol rates of 80 and 107 GBd to achieve interface rates from 428 Gb/s to 1.28 Tb/s.
Effects of Guanidinium–Phosphate Hydrogen Bonding on the Membrane‐Bound Structure and Activity of an Arginine‐Rich Membrane Peptide from Solid‐State NMR Spectroscopy (2008)

Barreling through: Guanidinium–phosphate hydrogen bonding significantly affects the structure and activity of the antimicrobial peptide PG-1. Solid-state NMR data show that a mutant of PG-1, having dimethylated Arg residues, adopts an in-plane orientation, interfacial location, and fast uniaxial motion around the membrane normal (see scheme). The less active mutant thus disrupts the membrane by in-plane diffusion, in contrast to the more active wild-type PG-1, which forms immobile transmembrane β-barrels to cause toroidal-pore membrane defects.
CARTs on the Road for Myeloma (2014)

Chimeric antigen receptors redirect T cells to surface antigens. Discovery and validation of appropriate target antigens expands the possible indications for chimeric-antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. CS1 is expressed at high levels by multiple myeloma cells, but also to some extent on other lymphocytes. CS1 may be a viable target for CAR T cells in multiple myeloma.
Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces in Challenging Environments: Underwater, Underground, Industrial and Disaster (2021)

Challenging environments comprise a range of scenarios, which share the fact that it is extremely difficult to establish a communication link using conventional technology due to many impairments typically associated with the propagation medium and increased signal scattering. Specifically, underwater and underground media are known to absorb electromagnetic radiation, which heavily affects the overall path loss. Industrial and disaster environments can be viewed as rich scattering environments with corresponding substantial multipath propagation leading to intersymbol interference and deterioration of signal quality. Although the challenges for the design of communication networks, and specifically the Internet of Things (IoT), in such environments are known, there is no common enabler or solution for all these applications. Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) have been introduced to improve the signal propagation characteristics by focusing the signal power in the preferred direction, thus making the communication environment ’smart’. While the usual application of RIS is related to blockage avoidance, the very same technique can be used to reduce the effect of multipath and even partially compensate the signal absorption via passive beamforming. Due to the beneficial properties of RIS, its use in challenging environments can become the aforementioned enabler and a game changing technology. However, various aspects of RIS deployment and system design need to be addressed in order to fully benefit from this technology. In this paper, we discuss potential use cases, deployment strategies and design aspects for RIS devices in underwater IoT, underground IoT as well as Industry 4.0 and emergency networks. Furthermore, we provide a potential hardware architecture and derive the expected signal quality improvements with increasing number of RIS elements. The numerical results reveal substantial performance gains of up to 20 dB per decade. In addition, novel research challenges to be addressed in this context are described.
The Use of Transmembrane pH Gradient-Driven Drug Encapsulation in the Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Liposomal Doxorubicin (1994)

The toxicity and efficacy properties of doxorubicin entrapped inside liposomes are sensitive to the physical characteristics of the vesicle carrier system. Studies addressing such relationships must use preparation procedures with the ability to independently vary vesicle size, lipid composition and drug to lipid ratio while maintaining high trapping efficiencies. The transmembrane pH gradient-driven encapsulation technique allows such liposomal doxorubicin formulations to be prepared. Pharmacokinetic, toxicology and antitumour studies with these systems have revealed several important relationships between liposome physical properties and biological activity. The acute toxicity of liposomal doxorubicin is related primarily to the ability of the liposomes to retain doxorubicin after administration. Including cholesterol and increasing the degree of acyl chain saturation of the phospholipid component in the liposomes significantly decreases drug leakage in the blood, reduces cardiac tissue accumulation of doxorubicin and results in increased LD50 values. In contrast, the efficacy of liposomal doxorubicin is most influenced by liposome size. Specifically, liposomes with a diameter of approximately 100 nm or less exhibit enhanced circulation lifetimes and antitumour activity. While these relationships appear to be rather straightforward, there exist anomalies which suggest that a more thorough evaluation of liposomal doxorubicin pharmacokinetics may be required in order to fully understand its mechanism of action. A key feature in this regard is the ability to differentiate between non-encapsulated and liposome encapsulated doxorubicin pools in the circulation as well as in tumours and normal tissues. This represents a major challenge that must be addressed if significant advances in the design of more effective liposomal doxorubicin formulations are to be achieved.
Inhibition of glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase results in selective inhibition of macrophage cytokine secretion in vitro and in vivo efficacy in rat adjuvant arthritis. (2005)

These results suggest that GARFT inhibitors should be tested in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis by considering their mechanism of action, here successfully tested on activated macrophages.
Shallow Valence Band of Rutile GeO2 and P-type Doping (2020)

GeO2 has an α-quartz-type crystal structure with a very wide fundamental band gap of 6.6 eV and is a good insulator. Here, we find that the stable rutile-GeO2 polymorph with a 4.6 eV band gap has a surprisingly low ∼6.8 eV ionization potential, as predicted from the band alignment using first-principles calculations. Because of the short O–O distances in the rutile structure containing cations of small effective ionic radii such as Ge4+, the antibonding interaction between O 2p orbitals raises the valence band maximum energy level to an extent that hole doping appears feasible. Experimentally, we report the flux growth of 1.5 × 1.0 × 0.8 mm3 large rutile GeO2 single crystals and confirm the thermal stability for temperatures up to 1021 ± 10 °C. X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy shows the inclusion of unintentional Mo impurities from the Li2O–MoO3 flux, as well as the solubility of Ga in the r-GeO2 lattice as a prospective acceptor dopant. The resistance of the Ga- and Mo-codoped r-GeO2 single crystals is very high at room temperature, but it decreases by 2–3 orders of magnitude upon heating to 300 °C, which is attributed to thermally activated p-type conduction.
Influence of Voltage and Current on Arc Duration and Energy of DC Electromagnetic Contactor (2011)

In this paper, experimental results were described for a general DC electromagnetic contactor switching under a permanent magnet for arc extinguishing. The experiment circuit was a series circuit of source voltage E, resistive load R and DC electromagnetic contactor. The closed contact current Io was adjusted by R. The influence of E and Io on arc duration ta and arc energy Ea of break arc were experimented. The E had been changed within range of 50 - 500V DC and Io was set from 5 to 30A at each voltage E. Arc voltage and current waveforms were measured with a digital oscilloscope. When E was high, arc duration ta became long. However, in 300V or more, ta shortens when Io is increased. In 200V, influence of Io on ta was not seen and arc duration became almost constant. In 50V, ta became long along with Io, it is clarified that permanent magnets doesn't influence for arc. However, shortening of the arc duration with permanent magnet was seen in 100V or more. We think that effect of Lorentz's force on the arc was different according to E and Io. In addition, when E and Io are high, it was found that arc energy Ea became large.
Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome type 1 causes impaired anti-microbial immunity and inflammation due to dysregulated immunometabolism (2022)

Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) types 1 and 4 are caused by defective vesicle trafficking. The mechanism for Crohn's disease-like inflammation, lung fibrosis, and macrophage lipid accumulation in these patients remains enigmatic. The aim of this study is to understand the cellular basis of inflammation in HPS-1. We performed mass cytometry, proteomic and transcriptomic analyses to investigate peripheral blood cells and serum of HPS-1 patients. Using spatial transcriptomics, granuloma-associated signatures in the tissue of an HPS-1 patient with granulomatous colitis were dissected. In vitro studies were conducted to investigate anti-microbial responses of HPS-1 patient macrophages and cell lines. Monocytes of HPS-1 patients exhibit an inflammatory phenotype associated with dysregulated TNF, IL-1α, OSM in serum, and monocyte-derived macrophages. Inflammatory macrophages accumulate in the intestine and granuloma-associated macrophages in HPS-1 show transcriptional signatures suggestive of a lipid storage and metabolic defect. We show that HPS1 deficiency leads to an altered metabolic program and Rab32-dependent amplified mTOR signaling, facilitated by the accumulation of mTOR on lysosomes. This pathogenic mechanism translates into aberrant bacterial clearance, which can be rescued with mTORC1 inhibition. Rab32-mediated mTOR signaling acts as an immuno-metabolic checkpoint, adding to the evidence that defective bioenergetics can drive hampered anti-microbial activity and contribute to inflammation.
IgG receptor IIa alleles determine susceptibility and severity of Guillain-Barre syndrome (2000)

FcgammaRIIa allotypes capable of initiating efficient cellular effector functions are associated with increased risk for GBS and a more severe disease course. FcgammaR alleles may constitute novel genetic risk markers for GBS.
Longitudinal ctDNA analysis to enable early assessment of prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma in the absence of matched tissue biopsy. (2018)

12077 Background: Longitudinal ctDNA monitoring using variants identified in tissue biopsies is an emerging method for disease management. However, tissue biopsy is often inaccessible for many late stage lung cancer patients. We hypothesized that variants found in baseline plasma ctDNA can also be used for monitoring, and that an early response assessed by changes in the level of ctDNA could predict treatment effect. Methods: We employed a 197-gene NGS assay, the AVENIO ctDNA Surveillance Kit, which allowed us to perform longitudinal ctDNA analysis and measure changes in the allele frequency (AF) of the variants identified in baseline plasma. Using this tissue-independent method, we evaluated the association between change in ctDNA levels and survival of advanced lung adenocarcinoma subjects treated with first-line chemo or chemoradiation therapies. Post-treatment AF values were compared with the lowest AF value (nadir) of all previous timepoints, including baseline. New variants were included if the AF was above the mean AF at baseline (b0). The algorithm was tested in a training cohort (44 subjects) and validated in an independent cohort from a prospective, observational study (40 subjects, all stage IV lung adenocarcinoma). Results: At b0, we identified variants in all subjects to enable ctDNA monitoring. From the training cohort, we defined the post-second treatment cycle (p2) as 30 to 60 days post-start of first treatment and compared AF value of each variant with the nadir value. Good responders at p2 were defined as having no significant increase in AF from the nadir. Applying this algorithm to the validation cohort, good early responders with samples collected within p2, 24/40 (60%), were associated with better progression-free survival (PFS) (6.1 vs. 3.8 mo, P = 0.0145; HR 0.43; 95% CI 0.21, 0.86) and overall survival (OS) (15.0 vs. 6.8 mo, P = 0.0032; HR 0.31; 95% CI 0.14, 0.70). Conclusions: Longitudinal ctDNA analysis in the absence of matched tissue biopsy may be feasible. No significant increase in post-treatment ctDNA levels measured by NGS was associated with better prognosis in advanced lung adenocarcinoma treated with first-line chemo or chemoradiation therapy.
Carbon Nanotube–CoF2 Multifunctional Cathode for Lithium Ion Batteries: Effect of Electrolyte on Cycle Stability (2015)

Transition metal fluorides (MFx ) offer remarkably high theoretical energy density. However, the low cycling stability, low electrical and ionic conductivity of metal fluorides have severely limited their applications as conversion-type cathode materials for lithium ion batteries. Here, a scalable and low-cost strategy is reported on the fabrication of multifunctional cobalt fluoride/carbon nanotube nonwoven fabric nanocomposite, which demonstrates a combination of high capacity (near-theoretical, 550mAhgCoF2-1) and excellent mechanical properties. Its strength and modulus of toughness exceed that of many aluminum alloys, cast iron, and other structural materials, fulfilling the use of MFx -based materials in batteries with load-bearing capabilities. In the course of this study, cathode dissolution in conventional electrolytes has been discovered as the main reason that leads to the rapid growth of the solid electrolyte interphase layer and attributes to rapid cell degradation. And such largely overlooked degradation mechanism is overcome by utilizing electrolyte comprising a fluorinated solvent, which forms a protective ionically conductive layer on the cathode and anode surfaces. With this approach, 93% capacity retention is achieved after 200 cycles at the current density of 100 mA g(-1) and over 50% after 10 000 cycles at the current density of 1000 mA g(-1) .
Anodes for rechargeable lithium batteries (2023)

A negative electrode (12) for a non-aqueous electrochemical cell (10) with an intermetallic host structure containing two or more elements selected from the metal elements and silicon, capable of accommodating lithium within its crystallographic host structure such that when the host structure is lithiated it transforms to a lithiated zinc-blende-type structure. Both active elements (alloying with lithium) and inactive elements (non-alloying with lithium) are disclosed. Electrochemical cells and batteries as well as methods of making the negative electrode are disclosed.
High-Throughput Assessment of Cellular Mechanical Properties (2015)

Traditionally, cell analysis has focused on using molecular biomarkers for basic research, cell preparation, and clinical diagnostics; however, new microtechnologies are enabling evaluation of the mechanical properties of cells at throughputs that make them amenable to widespread use. We review the current understanding of how the mechanical characteristics of cells relate to underlying molecular and architectural changes, describe how these changes evolve with cell-state and disease processes, and propose promising biomedical applications that will be facilitated by the increased throughput of mechanical testing: from diagnosing cancer and monitoring immune states to preparing cells for regenerative medicine. We provide background about techniques that laid the groundwork for the quantitative understanding of cell mechanics and discuss current efforts to develop robust techniques for rapid analysis that aim to implement mechanophenotyping as a routine tool in biomedicine. Looking forward, we describe additional milestones that will facilitate broad adoption, as well as new directions not only in mechanically assessing cells but also in perturbing them to passively engineer cell state.
The RAC Binding Domain/IRSp53-MIM Homology Domain of IRSp53 Induces RAC-dependent Membrane Deformation (2006)

The concave surface of the crescent-shaped Bin-amphiphysin-Rvs (BAR) domain is postulated to bind to the cell membrane to induce membrane deformation of a specific curvature. The Rac binding (RCB) domain/IRSp53-MIM homology domain (IMD) has a dimeric structure that is similar to the structure of the BAR domain; however, the RCB domain/IMD has a "zeppelin-shaped" dimer. Interestingly, the RCB domain/IMD of IRSp53 possesses Rac binding, membrane binding, and actin filament binding abilities. Here we report that the RCB domain/IMD of IRSp53 induces membrane deformation independent of the actin filaments in a Rac-dependent manner. In contrast to the BAR domain, the RCB domain/IMD did not cause long tubulation of the artificial liposomes; however, the Rac binding domain caused the formation of small buds on the liposomal surface. When expressed in cells, the Rac binding domain induced outward protrusion of the plasma membrane in a direction opposite to that induced by the BAR domain. Mapping of the amino acids responsible for membrane deformation suggests that the convex surface of the Rac binding domain binds to the membrane in a Rac-dependent manner, which may explain the mechanism of the membrane deformation induced by the RCB domain/IMD.
Babel (2012)

Why should a user's computer be trusted at all? We propose a new model of the computer, Babel, that makes a user's computer appear as it normally would, but is actually untrusted to the point where it cannot run the code installed on it. Each computer, each process, speaks a different language, and a translator on the network, in the cloud, is needed to allow a user's computer to execute code. This has enormous implications. The user gets continuous protection, and multiple kinds of protection, with no need for security updates or patches. At the same time, the user effectively has an adjustable control that they can set based on their risk assessment and need for privacy. Babel can work perfectly well alongside existing systems, and opens new markets for security.
Influence de quelques polyphénols sur l'ostéoponie induite par ovariectomie chez la rate (2001)

National audience
Multi-Antenna Coded Caching for Location-Dependent Content Delivery (2023)

Human-computer interaction continuously evolves towards a genuinely immersive experience, submerging users in a three-dimensional (3D) virtual world. A realistic, immersive experience necessitates a highly reliable and agile wireless connection to support immense data transmission. Yet, there are abundant but underutilized memory resources available at the devices which can be harnessed as supplementary assets to reduce the excessive burden on the wireless medium. What is more, the use of Coded Caching (CC) techniques enables the cumulative cache memory of users in the network to be used as an additional communication resource. To this end, a location-dependent multi-antenna CC-based content delivery scheme tailored specifically for wireless extended reality applications is proposed in this paper. First, a novel memory allocation process is developed, enabling an appropriate trade-off between local and global caching gains. In this regard, the local caching gain is maximized when the memory is mostly dedicated to locations with poor connectivity conditions (absolute fairness). In contrast, the global caching gain is maximized when the memory is uniformly allocated among all the locations. As a result of the memory allocation process, unequal fractions of location-dependent multimedia content are cached by each user. Given the asymmetric cache placement, a novel algorithm is proposed to create suitable codewords for each user during the subsequent delivery phase, which simultaneously achieves a global and local caching gain. The proposed delivery scheme also combines global caching and spatial multiplexing gains using a weighted max-min multicast beamformer design with multi-rate modulation. Numerical experiments and mathematical analysis demonstrate significant performance gains, in terms of the 95-percentile expected delivery time, compared to unicast and multicast scenarios where either the local or global caching gain is maximized.