gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
JuxtaPiton: Enabling Heterogeneous-ISA Research with RISC-V and SPARC FPGA Soft-cores (2018)

Energy efficiency has become an increasingly important concern in computer architecture due to the end of Dennard scaling. Heterogeneity has been explored as a way to achieve better energy efficiency and heterogeneous microarchitecture chips have become common in the mobile setting. Recent research has explored using heterogeneous-ISA, heterogeneous microarchitecture, general-purpose cores to achieve further energy efficiency gains. However, there is no open-source hardware implementation of a heterogeneous-ISA processor available for research, and effective research on heterogeneous-ISA processors necessitates the emulation speed provided by FPGA prototyping. This work describes our experiences creating JuxtaPiton by integrating a small RISC-V core into the OpenPiton framework, which uses a modified OpenSPARC T1 core. This is the first time a new core has been integrated with the OpenPiton framework, and JuxtaPiton is the first open-source, general-purpose, heterogeneous-ISA processor. JuxtaPiton inherits all the capabilities of OpenPiton, including vital FPGA emulation infrastructure which can boot full-stack Debian Linux. Using this infrastructure, we investigate area and timing effects of using the new RISC-V core on FPGA and the performance of the new core running microbenchmarks.
Liposaccharides in peptide drug delivery (2004)

Antibodies grouped together by the Third Workshop on Leucocyte Differentiation Antigens on the basis of pan-macrophage reactivity on tissue sections were analysed in immunoprecipitation experiments. Antibodies Y2/131, EBM11, Ki-M6 and Ki-M7 all precipitated antigens of Mr 110,000 which were shown to be identical by preclearing experiments. In addition a recently produced antibody, KP1, which identifies macrophages in paraffin-embedded tissue, was shown to recognize the same antigen. The antibodies were tested on murine cells transfected with two clones, which had been isolated by screening a cDNA library with antibodies Y1/82A and EBM11. Cells transfected with the longer cDNA clone, coding for a molecule of Mr 110,000, reacted with antibodies Y2/131, EBM11, Y1/82A and Ki-M6, whilst the shorter clone, encoding a molecule of Mr 70,000 gave the same result except that it did not induce expression of the Ki-M6 epitope. KP1 antibody did not recognize any transfectants, possibly because of differences in glycosylation by the transfected cell line compared with human tissue. Five of the six antibodies appear to recognize different epitopes (the sixth, Ki-M7, not having been evaluated in this way). It was concluded that these six antibodies react with a macrophage-associated antigen for which the gene has been cloned. This group of antibodies has recently been designated CD68 by the Fourth Workshop on Human Leucocyte Differentiation Antigens.
Dynamo (2003)

In this paper we propose a novel way of supporting occasional meetings that take place in unfamiliar public places, which promotes lightweight, visible and fluid collaboration. Our central idea is that the sharing and exchange of information occurs across public surfaces that users can easily access and interact with. To this end, we designed and implemented Dynamo, a communal multi-user interactive surface. The surface supports the cooperative sharing and exchange of a wide range of media that can be brought to the surface by users that are remote from their familiar organizational settings.
Ligand Efficiency Metrics and their Use in Fragment Optimizations (2016)

The optimization of fragment hits to development candidates typically includes a significant increase in affinity that is accompanied by important changes in other molecular properties relevant in drug discovery. The primary objective of early-phase fragment optimizations is to increase affinity toward the target, and the optimization almost inevitably results in an increase in both molecular weight and lipophilicity. The excessive increase of these latter properties, however, leads to suboptimal pharmacokinetic profiles. Therefore, their control in the course of optimization is highly desirable in order to ensure balanced optimization of affinity, molecular weight, and lipophilicity. Various efficiency indices such as ligand efficiency index, enthalpic efficiency index, and lipophilic efficiency index have been proposed for the simultaneous monitoring of these properties. The chapter also investigates the connection of molecular properties with binding thermodynamics by rationalizing the size dependence of structural and thermodynamical features of ligand-protein binding.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of 1,4‐Dihydro‐2H‐isoquinoline‐3,5,8‐triones via Cyclobutene Ring Expansion. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Plasma Acid-base Changes in Chronic Renal Failure: A Stewart Analysis (2005)

The bicarbonate centered approach to acid-base physiology involves complex explanations for the metabolic acidosis associated with chronic renal failure. We used the alternate Stewart approach to acid-base physiology to quantify the acid-base chemistry of patients with chronic renal failure. We examined the plasma and urine chemistry of 19 patients with chronic renal failure who were predialysis and 20 healthy volunteers. We compared the plasma strong-ion-difference due to sodium,potassium,and chloride ions as well as the weak acids albumin and phosphate. We used a simplified Fencl-Stewart approach to quantify the effects of sodium-chloride, albumin, and unmeasured ions on base-excess. The chronic renal failure group had a greater metabolic acidosis, with a base-excess that differed from the healthy group by a mean of -2.7 mmol/L, p = 0.04. This was associated with a strong ion acidosis due to both increased chloride and decreased sodium. The anion gap, strong-ion-gap, and base-excess effect of unmeasured ions were similar in both groups suggesting that unmeasured ions had only a minor role in the acid-base status in this group of patients.
Two-Photon Absorption in Aqueous Micellar Solutions (2005)

Addition of the surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate at concentrations above the critical micelle concentration increases the fluorescence quantum yield and the two-photon absorption cross-section of charged [2.2]paracyclophane chromophores containing pairs of D-pi-D chromophores. The resulting spectra in the micellar solutions are very similar to those obtained for neutral isostructural analogues in toluene. The measured etadelta values are 1300 GM for 1C and 1920 GM for 2C, which are comparable or larger to those in toluene. These results highlight possible misleading interpretation of two-photon-induced emission for evaluating the concentration of labeled substrates used in two-photon microscopy and provide guidelines for designing molecular structures with optimized two-photon action cross-sections in water.
Mechanical properties of transparent high strength biocomposites from delignified wood veneer (2020)

Transparent wood (TW) based on delignified birch veneer and thermoplastic poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is investigated by uniaxial tensile tests and full-field strain analyses based on digital image correlation techniques. TW is considered as a composite of unidirectional fibers (wood veneer) in a matrix (PMMA). Four in-plane elastic constants along the material axes are reported to enable the usage of continuum mechanics and lamination theory. Longitudinal composite strength is as high as 270 MPa at a reinforcement content of only 25 vol%. The failure behavior is interpreted based on strain field development. Strong reinforcement effects were observed from delignified birch veneer. Despite the fragility of delignified veneers, this constituent provides unexpectedly high reinforcement due to the high cellulose content and favorable stress transfer mechanisms.
Anatomy of Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 neutralizing antibodies in COVID-19 mRNA vaccinees (2022)

SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, administered to billions of people worldwide, mitigate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, however little is known about the molecular basis of antibody cross-protection to emerging variants, such as Omicron BA.1, its sublineage BA.2, and other coronaviruses. To answer this question, 276 neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (nAbs), previously isolated from seronegative and seropositive donors vaccinated with BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine, were tested for neutralization against the Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 variants, and SARS-CoV-1 virus. Only 14.2, 19.9 and 4.0% of tested antibodies neutralize BA.1, BA.2, and SARS-CoV-1 respectively. These nAbs recognize mainly the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD) and target Class 3 and Class 4 epitope regions on the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Interestingly, around 50% of BA.2 nAbs did not neutralize BA.1 and among these, several targeted the NTD. Cross-protective antibodies derive from a variety of germlines, the most frequents of which were the IGHV1-58;IGHJ3-1, IGHV2-5;IGHJ4-1 and IGHV1-69;IGHV4-1. Only 15.6, 20.3 and 7.8% of predominant gene-derived nAbs elicited against the original Wuhan virus cross-neutralize Omicron BA.1, BA.2 and SARS-CoV-1 respectively. Our data provide evidence, at molecular level, of the presence of cross-neutralizing antibodies induced by vaccination and map conserved epitopes on the S protein that can inform vaccine design.
Ventricular Defibrillation in Canines with Chronic Infarction, and Effects of Lidocaine and Procainamide (1993)

Prior studies in dogs with normal hearts have demonstrated that lidocaine increases but procainamide does not change the energy required for successful defibrillation. Because many postinfarct patients receiving implantable cardioverter defibrillator devices require adjunctive antiarrhythmic therapy, we have studied the effects of lidocaine and procainamide on the relationship between delivered voltage and defibrillation success in mongrel dogs 21 +/- 3 days following ligation of the left anterior descending and first diagonal coronary arteries. Internal defibrillation testing using a patch-patch electrode configuration was performed before and during the administration of saline controls (n = 10), lidocaine (n = 10) and procainamide (n = 10). The mean infarct size as determined by staining with tetrazolium was 13.4% +/- 8.3% of right and left ventricles, and did not differ significantly between groups. The 50% effective defibrillation (ED50) voltage increased with infusions of saline (16% +/- 15%), lidocaine (40% +/- 22%), and procainamide (13% +/- 15%) and the ED50 energy increased 41% +/- 44%, 104% +/- 62%, and 35% +/- 36%, respectively. However, the increase in ED50 voltages and energies were significantly greater in animals receiving lidocaine compared to those receiving either saline control or procainamide (P < 0.01). There were trends toward change of hemodynamic parameters in all animals following baseline defibrillation testing; stroke volume declined 21% +/- 16%; and mean pulmonary artery and aortic pressure increased by 22% +/- 25% and 11% +/- 15%, respectively. In conclusion, unlike our previous studies in dogs with normal hearts, in this model hemodynamic deterioration occurred with repeated fibrillation and defibrillation, and defibrillation voltage requirements increased in the control series. Taking into consideration the increase in defibrillation voltage requirements over the duration of the experiments, lidocaine increases and procainamide does not change ED50; thus, their effects are similar in normal and infarcted canine hearts.
‘‘HPTAM’’ heat-pipe transient analysis model: an analysis of water heat pipes (1992)

Space application of heat pipes in power systems, radiators and thermal management necessitates the understanding of their transient response to changes in input power or sink temperature. ‘‘HPTAM,’’ a two‐dimensional model, is developed for simulating transient performance of fully thawed liquid‐metal and non liquid‐metal heat pipes. The model divides the heat pipe into three radial regions: wall, liquid/wick, and vapor regions, and solves the complete form of governing equations in these regions. together with the momentum and energy jump conditions at the liquid‐vapor interface. To account for the thermal expansion of the liquid during startup and/or overheating, a liquid‐pooling submodel is incorporated to allow excess liquid to accumulate at the end of the condenser. Results of parametric analyses of water heat pipes are presented, illustrating the transient response to exponential rise and step decrease in input power. The effects of input power and initial liquid inventory on liquid pooling effects and both vapor and liquid pressure and temperature distributions are demonstrated.
Non-coherent real-time DSP implementation of a parallel partial interference cancellation multiuser receiver for DS-CDMA (2002)

This paper presents a low-complexity baseband real-time DSP implementation of a non-coherent multiuser receiver for DS-CDMA. The joint detection strategy employed by the receiver is based on parallel partial interference cancellation principles. The implementation is suited for mobile wireless environments since it does not require a coherent phase reference and its computational complexity is linear in the number of users. Preliminary baseband test results of the real-time system show substantial improvements over the conventional receiver.
Network centric satellite communication with IP networks based on regenerative satellite Mesh-A (RSM-A) Ka band technology (2008)

Network centric unification of diverse communication and information sharing systems is a key objective for national defense. Overall, IP-convergence is the basis for seamlessly integrating the DoD SATCOM networking and information needs with the Global Information Grid (GIG). This paper explores IP networking with the emerging Regenerative Satellite Mesh-A (RSM-A) Ka band technology. The focus is on RSM-A capabilities to address key network centric requirements in providing reach back and range extension capabilities. Hughes RSM-A implementationpsilas key architectural features, with on-board packet processing and bandwidth on demand, facilitate full-mesh, multi Gbps IP packet processing SATCOM. The relevant RSM-A based capabilities and services are described with respect to a framework for evaluating satellite system architectures for meeting network centric requirements. This framework analyzes selected networking functions required by the end users and how they are supported at the various network layers in satellite communication system segments. This analysis is illustrated with conceptual design and architectural attributes, supported by representative data from test results and recent operational experience over a commercial satellite system based on RSM-A.
Experiments with “Thin” Electron Beam at GOL-3 (2011)

The latest experimental campaign at the GOL-3 multiple-mirror trap was mainly aimed at features of heating and stability of the electron-beam-heated turbulent plasma. The discussed experiments feature a reduced-cross-section electron beam with the current decreased down to 1 ÷ 1.5 kA at the current density of ~1 kA/cm2 (the same as in the “full-scale” experiments). The hot plasma cross-section decreased correspondingly.Lowered current of the electron beam became less than the critical vacuum current. This gives the possibility to make a direct comparison of regimes with the beam injection into a neutral or a preliminary ionized deuterium. New experimental results will be presented on the beam relaxation in the plasma and on heating and stability of the reduced-cross-section plasma with low central safety factor q(0) ~ 0.3. Stabilization of some MHD modes by a controlled coupling of the plasma with an exit receiver plate was demonstrated.
TaskFolder (2016)

Despite the resource-constrained environment associated with mobile devices, the Android task scheduler tries to spread the workload equally among all CPU cores. While this is a sensible use of resources in desktop or server environments, it is inefficient for mobile devices, because they usually have lower computing demand and require single-user-perceptible performance guaran-tees. As a result, spreading tasks to all cores does not improve per-formance, increases energy consumption, and can cause perfor-mance issues when multiple mobile virtual machines attempt to engage as many cores as possible. To address this problem, we propose TaskFolder, a multi-core management scheme implemented on top of the task scheduler. TaskFolder attempts to compute the minimum number of cores required to perform the current workload without sacrificing per-formance, and schedules tasks to only that minimal number of cores. This number is called the Core Concurrency and is calculated based on past task dynamics. Experimental results of a case study show that TaskFolder saves an average of 19% and up to 48% of CPU power over a set of mobile applications on the latest Intel mobile platform.
José Saramago e George Steiner. A antropologia do mal ou “o mal é” (2021)

In this article I address the problem of the definition, manifestations, characteristics, and causes of catastrophic evil (one that leads hundreds or thousands of people to exclusion, suffering and death in a short time). To this end, I start from a set of George Steiner’s theses on the nature of evil that José Saramago’s thought and literary discourse confirm and support with an eloquence and depth that is rare in both the history of ideas and and in universal literature.
Enhanced light emission from improved homogeneity in biaxially suspended Germanium membranes from curvature optimization (2017)

A silicon compatible light source is crucial to develop a fully monolithic silicon photonics platform. Strain engineering in suspended Germanium membranes has offered a potential route for such a light source. However, biaxial structures have suffered from poor optical properties due to unfavorable strain distributions. Using a novel geometric approach and finite element modelling (FEM) structures with improved strain homogeneity were designed and fabricated. Micro-Raman (μ-Raman) spectroscopy was used to determine central strain values. Micro-photoluminescence (μ-PL) was used to study the effects of the strain profiles on light emission; we report a PL enhancement of up to 3x by optimizing curvature at a strain value of 0.5% biaxial strain. This geometric approach offers opportunity for enhancing the light emission in Germanium towards developing a practical on chip light source.
Interpretation of reflectance slope measured in the semi-diffuse transport regime in tissue phantoms (2013)

Reflectance measured at the source location shows a spectral response that shifts along a continuum from being dependent on the bulk anisotropy in highly scattering media, to the backscatter coefficient in weakly scattering media.
Stiffness Characterization and Micromanipulation for Biomedical Applications using the Vision-based Force-Sensing Magnetic Mobile Microrobot (2020)

This paper presents the use of a micro-force sensing mobile microrobot (μFSMM) for in vitro biomedical applications. The μFSMM utilizes a vision-based force sensor end-effector, which computes the force based on the deflection of a compliant structure with a known stiffness using a computer vision tracking algorithm. The μFSMM is used to characterize the stiffness of several different alginate and hyaluronic acid hydrogel spheroid samples, which are typically used in 3D tissue engineered constructs for studying cellular behavior. Additionally, μFSMM is used to perform safe micromanipulation tasks with these spheroids. These experimental results showcase some of the applications of this unique microrobot design in the fields of mechanobiology, theranostics, and force-guided micromanipulation.
Desmopressin Reduces Transfusion Needs after Surgery (2008)

Desmopressin slightly reduced blood loss (almost 80 ml per patient) and transfusion requirements (almost 0.3 units per patient) in surgical patients, without reduction in the proportion of patients who received transfusions. This meta-analysis suggests the importance of further large, randomized controlled studies using desmopressin in patients with or at risk of perioperative pathologic microvascular bleeding.
Formation of Complex Organics in the Gas Phase by Sequential Reactions of Acetylene with the Phenylium Ion (2012)

In this paper, we report a study on the reactivity of the phenylium ion with acetylene, by measuring product yield as a function of pressure and temperature using mass-selected ion mobility mass spectrometry. The reactivity is dominated by a rapid sequential addition of acetylene to form covalently bonded C8H7(+) and C10H9(+) ions with an overall rate coefficient of 7-5 × 10(-10) cm(3) s(-1), indicating a reaction efficiency of nearly 50% at room temperature. The covalent bonding nature of the product ions is confirmed by high temperature studies where enhanced production of these ions is observed at temperatures as high as 660 K. DFT calculations at the UPBEPBE/6-31++G** level identify the C8H7(+) adduct as 2-phenyl-ethenylium ion, the most stable C8H7(+) isomer that maintains the phenylium ion structure. A small barrier of 1.6 kcal/mol is measured and attributed to the formation of the second adduct C10H9(+) containing a four-membered ring connected to the phenylium ion. Evidence for rearrangement of the C10H9(+) adduct to the protonated naphthalene structure at temperatures higher than 600 K is provided and suggests further reactions with acetylene with the elimination of an H atom and an H2 molecule to generate 1-naphthylacetylene or acenaphthylene cations. The high reactivity of the phenylium ion toward acetylene is in sharp contrast to the low reactivity of the benzene radical cation with a reaction efficiency of 10(-4)-10(-5), confirming that the first step in the cation ring growth mechanism is the loss of an aromatic H atom. The observed reactions can explain the formation of complex organics by gas phase ion-molecule reactions involving the phenylium ion and acetylene under a wide range of temperatures and pressures in astrochemical environments.
Direct Measurement of Jitter in a JTL (2013)

A direct technique for the measurement of jitter in a Josephson transmission line (JTL), which is similar to an approach used to measure complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor latch metastability, is presented. The experiment yields a one-sigma jitter value of 74 fs per JTL stage in 1 kA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> rapid single flux quantum technology. The experimental configuration has been modeled with JSIM, and the result agrees with the experimental data. Additionally, an analytical model has been developed to assess the scaling of the jitter-to-stage delay ratio with critical current density of the Josephson junctions comprising the JTL. Finally, we compare the measured upper bound jitter per stage of a 65-nm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor inverter chain with that of a 1 kA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> JTL.
Locally Administered Antibiotics for Prophylaxis Against Surgical Wound Infection (2007)

The gentamicin-loaded calcium sulfate flakes did not result in bacterial counts that were significantly lower than those following systemic administration of gentamicin, which refuted our hypothesis. However, gentamicin solution injected directly into the closed wound did result in levels of bacteria that were significantly lower than those following treatment with the systemic gentamicin.