gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous and Inducible Cytokine Responses in Healthy Humans Receiving a Single Dose of IFN-α2b: Increased Production of Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist and Suppression of IL-1-Induced IL-8 (1998)

The present study was to determine whether the administration of a single dose of interferon-alpha2B (IFN-alpha2B) to healthy humans affects endogenous (or basal level) or inducible cytokines in a whole blood, ex vivo culture. Twenty-four healthy volunteers received an s.c. injection of IFN-alpha2b (3 x 10(6)U), and 4 volunteers received the vehicle as placebo. The study was blinded. Blood was drawn before and 3, 6, 12, and 24 h after the injection and incubated in the presence or absence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta). After 24 hs, the plasma was assayed for tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), IFN-gamma, IL-1beta, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), and IL-8. Treatment with IFN-alpha2b was associated with a 4.8-fold increase in the endogenous production of IL-1Ra in cultured blood sustained over 24 hs. In contrast, no change in endogenous IL-1Ra production was detected in the controls. A significant suppression (75%, p < 0.001) of IL-1beta-induced IL-8 production 3 and 6 h after IFN-alpha2b compared with control subjects was observed. These effects were also observed when IFN-alpha2b was added directly to whole blood cultures in vitro. In contrast to IL-1 stimulation, LPS stimulation of blood from IFN-alpha2b-treated subjects resulted in enhanced IL-1beta and TNF-alpha production. These results suggest that a single dose of IFN-alpha2b induces an anti-inflammatory state for endogenous stimuli but a proinflammatory state for exogenous endotoxin.
Cariporide Prodrugs: Targeting Brain Cancer Cells through Sodium-Proton Exchange Inhibition (2008)

More than 200,000 people in the United States are diagnosed with a primary or metastatic brain tumor annually. The life expectancy for these individuals is approximately 9-12 months from the time of diagnosis. This poor prognosis is due to the ineffectiveness of existing therapies (i.e., chemotherapy and radiotherapy) against brain cancer, where the primary problem is the inability to differentiate cancer cells from healthy brain cells. Relative to healthy brain tissue, the heightened metabolism of cancer cells increases their reliance on the ion transport proteins NHE (sodium-proton exchanger) and NCX (sodium-calcium exchanger). Inhibition of these proteins disrupts the intricate pH and ion balances within cancer cells to a much greater extent than in normal cells, and this leads to cancer cell death. In contrast, healthy brain cells are less affected by this targeted approach because they are far less reliant on NHE and NCX due to their normal (and lower) metabolic activity. Consequently, NHE and NCX are excellent molecular targets for a new, selective brain cancer therapy. Although potent NHE/NCX inhibitors are available, a fundamental impediment to the field is the delivery of these compounds to poorly vascularized tissues. As part of our target-specific approach to treating brain cancer, we have synthesized analogs of cariporide, a potent (e.g., nanomolar IC50 activity) NHE inhibitor, to address the drug delivery challenge. The preparation and biological activities of our cariporide analogs will be discussed
<title>Optimal Quantization Of Noisy Signals</title> (1984)

Physical signals acquired, quantized and processed in imaging systems are inherently noisy. Considering the source signal and noise statistics when designing a quantizing and processing system leads to a number of general and practical results. The theory and application of these techniques leads to an optimal bit-efficient quantization format with a number of interesting properties. Applying these can have beneficial effects on hardware costs arithmetic processing and data compression.
Clarification of “Gamma” and the Accurate Characterization of CRT Monitors (1999)

Abstract Color images are often viewed on CRT monitors with the widespread PCs and Internet. We clarified the term “gamma 1 )” which represents the monitor's tone characteristics, since this term is ambiguously used. Also, an accurate characterization method of CRT monitors was considered because it is essential to have color matching with other color imaging devices. We compared several characterization methods at different settings of the user‐controlled contrast and brightness, and found a more accurate characterization method than the conventional methods.
Growth of 3C-SiC on Si Substrate with Ge1-0.63C0.63 Buffer Layer (2001)

We report the strain buffer effects of the Ge 1-0.63 C 0.63 layer on the growth of the 3C-SiC film on the Si(001) substrate. The introduction of the Ge 1-0.63 C 0.63 buffer layer with a suitable thickness results in crystal growth of the 3C-SiC film on the Si substrate. The crystal growth of the 3C-SiC film is related to a crystallization process of the Ge 1-0.63 C 0.63 buffer layer during the film growth.
Order-Preserving Key Compression for In-Memory Search Trees (2020)

We present the High-speed Order-Preserving Encoder (HOPE) for in-memory search trees. HOPE is a fast dictionary-based compressor that encodes arbitrary keys while preserving their order. HOPE's approach is to identify common key patterns at a fine granularity and exploit the entropy to achieve high compression rates with a small dictionary. We first develop a theoretical model to reason about order-preserving dictionary designs. We then select six representative compression schemes using this model and implement them in HOPE. These schemes make different trade-offs between compression rate and encoding speed. We evaluate HOPE on five data structures used in databases: SuRF, ART, HOT, B+tree, and Prefix B+tree. Our experiments show that using HOPE allows the search trees to achieve lower query latency (up to 40\% lower) and better memory efficiency (up to 30\% smaller) simultaneously for most string key workloads.
Vacuolar transporter Mnr2 safeguards organellar integrity in aged cells (2021)

Aging is associated with altered mitochondrial function, which is dependent on the magnesium (Mg<sup>+2</sup> ) ion flux. The molecular mechanism underlying Mg<sup>+2</sup> homeostasis, especially during aging has not been well understood. We previously demonstrated that the absence of a vacuolar ion transporter Mnr2 accelerates cell death in the older part of the colony in Magnaporthe oryzae presumably due to an altered Mg<sup>+2</sup> homeostasis. Here, we show the localization of Mnr2 as dynamic puncta at the vacuolar membrane, especially in the older Magnaporthe cells. Such vacuolar Mnr2 puncta are often localized in close proximity with the filamentous mitochondria in the older cells. Further, we show loss of integrity of mitochondria and vacuoles in older mnr2∆ null cells. Remarkably, exogenously added Mg<sup>+2</sup> restores the mitochondrial structure as well as improves the lifespan of mnr2∆ null cells. Taken together, we propose an ion transporter Mnr2-based Mg<sup>+2</sup> homeostasis as a means in preserving mitochondrial and vacuolar integrity and function in older M. oryzae cells.
Diffusion MRI with pulsed and free gradient waveforms: Effects of restricted diffusion and exchange (2022)

Monitoring time dependence with diffusion MRI yields observables sensitive to compartment sizes (restricted diffusion) and membrane permeability (water exchange). However, restricted diffusion and exchange have opposite effects on the diffusion-weighted signal, which can lead to errors in parameter estimates. In this work, we propose a signal representation that incorporates the effects of both restricted diffusion and exchange up to second order in b-value and is compatible with gradient waveforms of arbitrary shape. The representation features mappings from a gradient waveform to two scalars that separately control the sensitivity to restriction and exchange. We demonstrate that these scalars span a two-dimensional space that can be used to choose waveforms that selectively probe restricted diffusion or exchange, eliminating the correlation between the two phenomena. We found that waveforms with specific but unconventional shapes provide an advantage over conventional pulsed and oscillating gradient acquisitions. We also show that parametrization of waveforms into a two-dimensional space can be used to understand protocols from other approaches that probe restricted diffusion and exchange. For example, we found that the variation of mixing time in filter-exchange imaging corresponds to variation of our exchange-weighting scalar at a fixed value of the restriction-weighting scalar. The proposed signal representation was evaluated using Monte Carlo simulations in identical parallel cylinders with hexagonal and random packing as well as parallel cylinders with gamma-distributed radii. Results showed that the approach is sensitive to sizes in the interval 4-12 <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>μm</mml:mi></mml:math> and exchange rates in the simulated range of 0 to 20 <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msup><mml:mi>s</mml:mi> <mml:mrow><mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:math> , but also that there is a sensitivity to the extracellular geometry. The presented theory constitutes a simple and intuitive description of how restricted diffusion and exchange influence the signal as well as a guide to protocol design capable of separating the two effects.
Brain Functional Connectivity Is Different during Voluntary Concentric and Eccentric Muscle Contraction (2016)

Previous studies report greater activation in the cortical motor network in controlling eccentric contraction (EC) than concentric contraction (CC) of human skeletal muscles despite lower activation level of the muscle associated with EC. It is unknown, however, whether the strength of functional coupling between the primary motor cortex (M1) and other involved areas in the brain differs as voluntary movements are controlled by a network of regions in the primary, secondary and association cortices. Examining fMRI-based functional connectivity (FC) offers an opportunity to measure strength of such coupling. To address the question, we examined functional MRI (fMRI) data acquired during EC and CC (20 contractions each with similar movement distance and speed) of the right first dorsal interosseous (FDI) muscle in 11 young (20-32 years) and healthy individuals and estimated FC between the M1 and a number of cortical regions in the motor control network. The major findings from the mechanical and fMRI-based FC analysis were that (1) no significant differences were seen in movement distance, speed and stability between the EC and CC; (2) significantly stronger mean FC was found for CC than EC. Our finding provides novel insights for a better understanding of the control mechanisms underlying voluntary movements produced by EC and CC. The finding is potentially helpful for guiding the development of targeted sport training and/or therapeutic programs for performance enhancement and injury prevention.
POST-TRANSPLANT AUTOIMMUNITY TO CARDIAC MYOSIN CAN BE DETECTED DURING INITIAL STAGES OF CHRONIC REJECTION OF CARDIAC ALLOGRAFTS. (2000)

Fedoseyeva, Eugenia V.1; Kishimoto, Koji2; Rolls, Hillary1; Sayegh, Mohamed2; Benichou, Gilles1 Author Information
Progressive Accumulative Routing: Fundamental Concepts and Protocol (2008)

This paper considers a multi-hop network in which relay nodes cooperate to minimize the total energy consumed in transmitting a (unicast) packet from a source to a destination. We propose the Progressive Accumulative Routing (PAR) algorithm, which progressively performs relay discovery, relay ordering and relay power allocation in a distributed manner, such that each relay node only needs local information. We assume Destination Energy Accumulation, in which the destination accumulates the energy of multiple received copies of a packet, each of which is too weak to be reliably decoded by itself, while the lower complexity relay nodes use a decode-and-forward approach. We also provide a closed-form analysis of the energy-savings achieved by the PAR when a relay node is added to an already existing DEA route. Simulations verify that the algorithm considerably reduces the total energy consumption, and can be implemented efficiently.
Interleukin-6 Receptor Antagonists in Critically Ill Patients with Covid-19 (2021)

To the Editor: The variable efficacy of the interleukin-6 receptor antagonist tocilizumab against Covid-19, as shown most recently in the results of REMAP-CAP reported by Gordon et al. 1 and the results of the COVACTA trial reported by Rosas et al. 2 (April 22 issue), may reflect the fact that interleukin-6 has a dual role.Interleukin-6 stimulates desirable antibody production by immune cells that express membranous interleukin-6 receptors and also stimulates undesirable proinflammatory effects by cells that lack interleukin-6 receptors.Interleukin-6 trans-signaling to cells that lack interleukin-6 receptors requires dimerization of shed soluble interleukin-6 receptors with another membrane protein, glycoprotein 130 (gp130). 3 Since tocilizumab blocks both desirable and undesirable actions of interleukin-6, selective blockade of the undesirable actions by soluble recombinant gp130 could provide a greater net benefit than tocilizumab. 3,4 A related explanation for the variable efficacy of tocilizumab between trials -and indeed variable susceptibility to Covid-19 in generalis suggested by two variants of IL6ST (the gene encoding gp130) that are predicted to be deleterious: p.Ile454Thr (rs2228046) and p.Gly148Arg (rs2228044).The minor-allele frequencies of these variants are 30 to 40% higher in the African genome than in other genomes.According to data from UK Biobank, the minor (risk) alleles of both variants are associated with a higher mortality from Covid-19 in Black patients than the major (reference) alleles (Table 1); the proportion of Black patients in REMAP-CAP was 4.0% and in the COVACTA trial 15.1%.The minor allele of rs2228046 has previously been associated with an antibody response to measles vaccine that is 3 times as high as the response in its absence. 5
Myxothiazol, a new antibiotic interfering with respiration (1981)

Myxothiazol, a new antibiotic from the myxobacterium Myxococcus fulvus, inhibited the growth of many yeasts and fungi at concentrations between 0.01 and 3 micrograms/ml. It was generally inactive against bacteria. The inhibitory effect was cytostatic. With Candida albicans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Mucor hiemalis, the growth inhibition was neutralized by glucose. Soon after being added to a cell suspension, the compound almost completely blocked oxygen consumption.
Amino Acid Composition and Some Antinutritional Factors of Cooked Faba Beans ( Medammis ): Effects of Cooking Temperature and Time (1991)

ABSTRACT Easy‐and hard‐to‐cook bean seeds were cooked by different heat treatments (100–125°C for 1–12 hr). Amino acid composition, tannins, phytic acid and trypsin inhibitor activity were determined. Almost all essential amino acids declined after cooking. Less than 10% of total tannins were decomposed during cooking, while up to 50% were leached to the cooking liquor. Retention of phytic acid in cooked beans was significantly lower than in cooked bean‐liquor mixtures. Loss of phytic acid due to leaching was much higher for easy‐to‐cook beans than for hard‐to‐cook ones. Apparent retention of trypsin inhibitor activity amounted to about 50%. Optimum heat treatments were 125°C at 1 hr for easy and 120°C at 2 hr for hard‐to‐cook beans.
Coherent Product Superposition for Downlink Multiuser MIMO (2014)

In a two-user broadcast channel where one user has full CSIR and the other has none, a recent result showed that TDMA is strictly suboptimal and a product superposition requiring non-coherent signaling achieves DoF gains under many antenna configurations. This work introduces product superposition in the domain of coherent signaling with pilots, demonstrates the advantages of product superposition in low-SNR as well as high-SNR, and established DoF gains in a wider set of receiver antenna configurations. Two classes of decoders, with and without interference cancellation, are studied. Achievable rates are established by analysis and illustrated by simulations.
Correction to Induction of Apoptosis by the Anthocyanidins through Regulation of Bcl-2 Gene and Activation of c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase Cascade in Hepatoma Cells (2013)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionNEXTORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionCorrection to Induction of Apoptosis by the Anthocyanidins through Regulation of Bcl-2 Gene and Activation of c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase Cascade in Hepatoma CellsChi-Tai Yeh and Gow-Chin Yen*Cite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 2013, 61, 34, 8241Publication Date (Web):August 15, 2013Publication History Published online15 August 2013Published inissue 28 August 2013https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf403506xhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jf403506xcorrectionACS PublicationsCopyright © 2013 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views239Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (466 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
FATIGUE BEHAVIOR OF A RAIL STEEL (1984)

Abstract The fatigue behavior of a hot‐rolled, control‐cooled, plain carbon eutectoid rail steel has been characterized. The data include monotonic and cyclic stress‐strain curves, low cycle fatigue data and near‐threshold fatigue crack growth rate behavior in air and in vacuo. The effects of environment and mean stress on the near‐threshold fatigue crack growth rates of rail steel are significant. At a low stress ratio ( R ), Δ K o is lower in vacuum (7 MPa √m) than in moist air (10 MPa √m). At high R , Δ K o is higher in vacuum (6 MPa √m) than in air (4 MPa √m). The beneficial effect of moist air on FCGR at low Δ K and low R is attributed to an increase in closure due to fracture surface roughness and oxide film.
Kadsura coccinea: A rich source of structurally diverse and biologically important compounds (2020)

<i>Kadsura coccinea</i> belongs to medicinally important genus <i>Kadsura</i> from the Schisandraceae family. It has been used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and gastroenteric disorders. The initial phytochemical work focused on the identification of some structurally novel and diverse natural products, which turned the attention of many researchers towards this plant. Thus far, 202 compounds have been reported in this plant. Lignans and terpenoids were found as the main chemical constituents of this plant. Some of the triterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids with novel structures are of particular interest for natural product researchers. The isolated compounds of this plant have shown different bioactivities including anti-tumor, anti-HIV, anti-inflammatory, nitric oxide (NO) production inhibitory and other pharmacological effects. This review systematically summarizes all the phytochemical and pharmacological work done so far on <i>K. coccinea</i>, and can be used as a reference for future research on this plant.
The Search Problem in Mixture Models (2018)

We consider the task of learning the parameters of a {\em single} component of a mixture model, for the case when we are given {\em side information} about that component, we call this the in mixture models. We would like to solve this with computational and sample complexity lower than solving the overall original problem, where one learns parameters of all components. 
Our main contributions are the development of a simple but general model for the notion of side information, and a corresponding simple matrix-based algorithm for solving the search problem in this general setting. We then specialize this model and algorithm to four common scenarios: Gaussian mixture models, LDA topic models, subspace clustering, and mixed linear regression. For each one of these we show that if (and only if) the side information is informative, we obtain parameter estimates with greater accuracy, and also improved computation complexity than existing moment based mixture model algorithms (e.g. tensor methods). We also illustrate several natural ways one can obtain such side information, for specific problem instances. Our experiments on real data sets (NY Times, Yelp, BSDS500) further demonstrate the practicality of our algorithms showing significant improvement in runtime and accuracy.
Three‐Dimensional Interconnected Silica Nanotubes Templated from Hyperbranched Nanowires (2009)

Hyperbranched silica nanotubes that are interconnected in three dimensions are prepared by templating with PbSe hyperbranched nanowires (see image). The structures show a high degree of branching, good structural regularity, and introduce interesting opportunities for the construction of novel 3D nanofluidic devices.
Base current tuning in SiGe HBT's by SiGe in the emitter (2002)

Npn-type SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBT's) have high cut-off frequencies, but low breakdown voltages due to their high current gain. We show that a SiGe layer in the emitter can increase the base current and hence the breakdown voltage while the collector current and cut-off frequency are not reduced. Simulations and first experimental results clearly confirm this effect.
Bent and Linear Forms of the (μ‐Oxo)bis[trichloroferrate(III)] Dianion: An Intermolecular Effect − Structural, Electronic and Magnetic Properties (2003)

Abstract We have analyzed the great diversity of Fe−O−Fe angles, 140−180°, found in the X‐ray structures of the (μ‐oxo)bis[trichloroferrate( III )] dianion [Cl 3 FeOFeCl 3 ] 2− from both experimental and theoretical points of view. Theoretical calculations show that only the linear isomer is found as a minimum on the potential energy surface. Detailed analysis of the crystal packing indicates that the angular form is due to attractive intermolecular interactions. Analysis of a selected reduced set of the 45 crystal structures retrieved from the Cambridge Structural Database allowed us to classify the bending of the [Cl 3 FeOFeCl 3 ] 2− dianion in three categories, depending on the balance and strength of the intermolecular O ··· H−X contacts. A crystal diffraction study on the bis(benzyltrimethylammonium) salt has shown both bent (144.6°) and linear (180°) forms of the (μ‐oxo)bis[trichloroferrate( III )] dianion. The magnetic susceptibility of this compound has been fitted by assuming two equally weighted contributions ( J ang and J lin ) of the two forms, considering J ang − J lin estimated by theoretical calculations. The obtained J ang and J lin of −117 and −133 cm −1 respectively, agree well with B3LYP results. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)