gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Contrast enhanced diffusion NMR: quantifying impurities in block copolymers for DSA (2016)

Block-copolymers (BCPs) offer the potential to meet the demands of next generation lithographic materials as they can self-assemble into scalable and tailorable nanometer scale patterns. In order for these materials to find wide spread adoption many challenges remain, including reproducible thin film morphology, for which the purity of block copolymers is critical. One of the sources of impurities are reaction conditions used to synthesize block copolymers that may result in the formation of homopolymer as a side product, which can impact the quality and the morphology of self-assembled features. Detection and characterization of these homopolymer impurities can be challenging by traditional methods of polymer characterization. We will discuss an alternate NMR-based method for the detection of homopolymer impurities in block copolymers – contrast enhanced diffusion ordered spectroscopy (CEDOSY). This experimental technique measures the diffusion coefficient of polymeric materials in the solution allowing for the ‘virtual’ or spectroscopic separation of BCPs that contain homopolymer impurities. Furthermore, the contrast between the diffusion coefficient of mixtures containing BCPs and homopolymer impurities can be enhanced by taking advantage of the chemical mismatch of the two blocks to effectively increase the size of the BCP (and diffusion coefficient) through the formation of micelles using a cosolvent, while the size and diffusion coefficient of homopolymer impurities remain unchanged. This enables the spectroscopic separation of even small amounts of homopolymer impurities that are similar in size to BCPs. Herein, we present the results using the CEDOSY technique with both first generation BCP system, poly(styrene)-b-poly(methyl methacrylate), as well as a second generation high-&chi; system.
A Case of Kimura’s Disease Presenting as a Parotid Gland Tumor (2006)

Kimura’s disease is a rare, chronic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology that occurs mainly in young asian males. The typical clinical presentation of this condition is characterized by subcutaneous masses, pre-dominantly in the head and neck region. It often accompanied by regional lymphadenopathy, raised serum eosinophil counts and serum immunoglobulin E levels. Kimura’s disease is easily mistaken for malignant tumor. The diagnosis is confirmed by a biopsy. The optimal treatment remains controversial. The authors experienced a histopathologically confirmed Kimura’s disease that was preoperatively considered as a parotid gland tumor and made a report with a review of literature. (J Clinical Otolaryngol 2006;17:288-290)
The Nested Problems Dynamic: An Alternative Approach (1998)

IN the previous chapter, we suggested that traditional property-rights analysis provides an inadequate foundation for understanding the unique processes of transitional reform. The aim of this chapter will be to begin the search for an alternative approach, an approach focusing not so much on the dissemination of rights as on the restructuring of institutional constraints on economic behavior. The overall plan of attack will be to start with the specific and then work outward to the more general. This chapter will focus on providing a new approach – the “nested problems” dynamic – for understanding the specific problem of SOE reform. The broader implications of this model for our general understanding of transitional systems will be explored in Chapter 7.
Catalytic Combustion Systems for Micro-Scale Gas Turbine Engines (2005)

As part of an ongoing effort to develop a micro-scale gas turbine engine for power generation and micropropulsion applications, this paper presents the design, modeling, and experimental assessment of a catalytic combustion system. Previous work has indicated that homogenous gas-phase microcombustors are severely limited by chemical reaction time-scales. Storable hydrocarbon fuels, such as propane, have been shown to blowout well below the desired mass flow rate per unit volume. Heterogeneous catalytic combustion has been identified as a possible improvement. Surface catalysis can increase hydrocarbon-air reaction rates, improve ignition characteristics, and broaden stability limits. Several radial inflow combustors were micromachined from silicon wafers using Deep Reactive Ion Etching (DRIE) and aligned fusion wafer bonding. The 191 mm3 combustion chambers were filled with platinum coated foam materials of various porosity and surface area. For near stoichiometric propane-air mixtures, exit gas temperatures of 1100 K were achieved at mass flow rates in excess of 0.35 g/s. This corresponds to a power density of approximately 1200 MW/m3; an 8.5-fold increase over the maximum power density achieved for gas-phase propane-air combustion in a similar geometry. Low order models including time-scale analyses and a one-dimensional steady-state plug-flow reactor model, were developed to elucidate the underlying physics and to identify important design parameters. High power density catalytic microcombustors were found to be limited by the diffusion of fuel species to the active surface, while substrate porosity and surface area-to-volume ratio were the dominant design variables.
Global CD uniformity improvement using dose modulation pattern correction of pattern density-dependent and position-dependent errors (2005)

The specification of mask global CD uniformity (GCDU) is ever tightening. There is no exception at the 65-nm node. Some of the key contributors affecting GCD non-uniformity are pattern-density effects such as fagging effect from the e-beam writer and macro loading effect from the etcher. In addition, the contributions from position-dependent effects are significant, and these contributions included resist developing, baking, as well as aberrations of the wafer-imaging lens. It is challenging to quantify these effects and even more so to correct them to improve the GCDU. Correction of the fogging and etch loading effects had been reported by various authors. In addition to correction for these effects, we are reporting the position-dependent effects in this paper.
The effect of a biological explanation on attitudes towards homosexual persons. A Swedish national sample study (2002)

Studies assessing attitudes towards homosexuals have revealed widespread homophobia. The first aim of this study was to assess potential changes in public attitudes after important legislative changes related to homosexuals in Sweden. The second aim was to test whether the attitudes differ: 1) between people who believe in biological vs. people who believe in psychological theories in explanation of homosexuality, 2) between men and women, and 3) between the older and younger age groups. To this end, a questionnaire survey of a representative, randomly selected, national sample of 992 adult Swedish residents was carried out. The response rate was 67%, which is considered high in this context. In conclusion, this study demonstrates a clear-cut change towards more tolerant attitudes towards homosexual men and women compared to earlier studies. The reasons for this change is discussed; among factors of importance are anti-discrimination legislation, increased visibility of homosexual people, and that more people currently regard homosexuality as a biologically determined, natural variant of human sexuality than was the case 10 years ago. In accordance, this study gave further support to the notion that those who believe that homosexuality is caused by biological factors have a less restrictive view on homosexuality than do people who hold a psychological view.
On energy variations in modular multilevel converters with full-bridge submodules for Ac-Dc and Ac-Ac applications (2013)

The modular multilevel converter is a promising topology for high-voltage high-power applications. By the series-connection of submodules it can generate high-quality voltage waveforms with low harmonic distortion at low switching frequencies. The submodules are low-voltage converters with capacitive energy storages. These capacitive energy storages are a driving factor of the size, weight, and cost of the converter. For this reason it is important to ensure that the stored energy in the converter is distributed as evenly among the submodules as possible. In this paper it is found that during nominal operating conditions, a large amount of energy is moved back and forth between the upper and lower arms in the converter. These energy oscillations can, however, be reduced or even eliminated if an appropriate modulation index or voltage ratio is used. It is also found that an appropriate modulation index or voltage ratio can reduce the power rating of the semiconductors as well. The theoretical findings are validated by simulating two systems with different voltage ratios for ac-ac conversion.
Pancreatic adenocarcinomas with DNA replication errors (RER+) are associated with wild-type K-ras and characteristic histopathology. Poor differentiation, a syncytial growth pattern, and pushing borders suggest RER+. (1998)

The clinical and pathological features of carcinomas of the pancreas with DNA replication errors (RER+) have not been characterized. Eighty-two xenografted carcinomas of the pancreas were screened for DNA replication errors using polymerase chain reaction amplification of microsatellite markers. Cases with microsatellite instability in at least two markers of a minimum of five tested were considered RER+. RER status was correlated with histological appearance, karyotype of the carcinomas when available, K-ras mutational status, and patient outcome. Three (3.7%) of the eighty-two carcinomas were RER+. In contrast to typical gland-forming adenocarcinomas of the pancreas, all three RER+ carcinomas were poorly differentiated and had expanding borders and a prominent syncytial growth pattern. Neither a Crohn's-like lymphoid infiltrate nor extracellular mucin production were prominent. Ductal adenocarcinomas of the pancreas typically contain a mutant K-ras gene, yet all three RER+ carcinomas had wild-type K-ras. One of the three RER+ carcinomas was karyotyped and showed a near diploid pattern. All three of the RER+ tumors were removed via Whipple resection. One of the three patients is free of disease 16 months after pancreaticoduodenectomy, one is alive and free of tumor at 52 months but developed two colon carcinomas during this period, and the third died of pancreatic cancer at 4 months. None of the three patients had a family history of colorectal carcinoma. A review of the K-ras wild-type carcinomas in a previously characterized series of pancreatic carcinomas with known K-ras mutational status identified two additional cancers with poor differentiation, a syncytial growth pattern, and pushing borders. Both of the cancers were diploid and both patients were longterm survivors (over 5 years). The inclusion of such patients in previous prognostic studies of pancreas cancer may explain the failure of histological grade to be a predictor of prognosis. These data suggest that DNA replication errors occur in a small percentage of resected carcinomas of the pancreas and that wild-type K-ras gene status and a medullary phenotype characterized by poor differentiation, and expanding pattern of invasion, and syncytial growth should suggest the possibility of DNA replication errors in carcinomas of the pancreas.
Data from Capivasertib, an AKT Kinase Inhibitor, as Monotherapy or in Combination with Fulvestrant in Patients with <i>AKT1</i><sup>E17K</sup>-Mutant, ER-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;The activating mutation &lt;i&gt;AKT1&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;E17K&lt;/sup&gt; occurs in approximately 7% of estrogen receptor–positive (ER&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;) metastatic breast cancer (MBC). We report, from a multipart, first-in-human, phase I study (NCT01226316), tolerability and activity of capivasertib, an oral AKT inhibitor, as monotherapy or combined with fulvestrant in expansion cohorts of patients with &lt;i&gt;AKT1&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;E17K&lt;/sup&gt;-mutant ER&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; MBC.&lt;/p&gt;Patients and Methods:&lt;p&gt;Patients with an &lt;i&gt;AKT1&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;E17K&lt;/sup&gt; mutation, detected by local (next-generation sequencing) or central (plasma-based BEAMing) testing, received capivasertib 480 mg twice daily, 4 days on, 3 days off, weekly or 400 mg twice daily combined with fulvestrant at the labeled dose. Study endpoints included safety, objective response rate (ORR; RECIST v1.1), progression-free survival (PFS), and clinical benefit rate at 24 weeks (CBR&lt;sub&gt;24&lt;/sub&gt;). Biomarker analyses were conducted in the combination cohort.&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;From October 2013 to August 2018, 63 heavily pretreated patients received capivasertib (20 monotherapy, 43 combination). ORR was 20% with monotherapy, and within the combination cohort was 36% in fulvestrant-pretreated and 20% in fulvestrant-naïve patients, although the latter group may have had more aggressive disease at baseline. &lt;i&gt;AKT1&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;E17K&lt;/sup&gt; mutations were detectable in plasma by BEAMing (95%, 41/43), droplet digital PCR (80%, 33/41), and next-generation sequencing (76%, 31/41). A ≥50% decrease in &lt;i&gt;AKT1&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;E17K&lt;/sup&gt; at cycle 2 day 1 was associated with improved PFS. Combination therapy appeared more tolerable than monotherapy [most frequent grade ≥3 adverse events: rash (9% vs. 20%), hyperglycemia (5% vs. 30%), diarrhea (5% vs. 10%)].&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;Capivasertib demonstrated clinically meaningful activity in heavily pretreated patients with &lt;i&gt;AKT1&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;E17K&lt;/sup&gt;-mutant ER&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; MBC, including those with prior disease progression on fulvestrant. Tolerability and activity appeared improved by the combination.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Antifolate, and Antitumor Activities of Classical and Nonclassical 2‐Amino‐4‐oxo‐5‐substituted‐pyrrolo[2,3‐d]pyrimidines. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Multiscale Computations of Parameters of Power Transformer Windings at High Frequencies. Part I: Small-Scale Level (2007)

We propose a hierarchical multiscale approach to modeling of high-frequency phenomena in power transformers. The method is based on considering high-frequency effects on two spatial levels. Part I of the paper focuses on a small-scale level where eddy-current as well as geometrical and proximity effects in conductors of transformer windings are examined. It develops a computer model that accounts for anisotropic frequency-dependent diamagnetic properties of transformer windings, which are represented as composite media with periodic structure. Calculations of effective characteristics of the laminated transformer core take into account anisotropic magnetic properties of steel sheets. The frequency-dependent parameters of transformer elements thus obtained will be further used in Part II for computing effective inductances and resistances of windings and integral losses on a large-scale level, i.e., for the whole transformer.
Interhospital Variation in the Costs of Pediatric/Congenital Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory Procedures: Analysis of Data From the Pediatric Health Information Systems Database (2019)

Background Cardiac catheterization is an important but costly component of health care for young patients with cardiac disease. Measurement of variation in their cost between hospitals and identification of the reasons for this variation may help reduce cost without compromising quality. Methods and Results Using data from Pediatric Health Information Systems Database from January 2007 to December 2015, the costs of 9 procedures were measured. Mixed-effects multivariable models were used to generate case-mix-adjusted estimates of each hospital's cost for each procedure and measure interhospital variation. Procedures (n=35 637) from 43 hospitals were studied. Median costs varied from $8249 (diagnostic catheterization after orthotopic heart transplantation) to $38 909 (transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement). There was marked variation in the cost of procedures between hospitals with 3.5- to 8.9-fold differences in the case-mix-adjusted cost between the most and least expensive hospitals. No significant correlation was found between hospitals' procedure-specific mortality rates and costs. Higher procedure volume was not associated with lower cost except for diagnostic procedures in heart transplant patients and pulmonary artery angioplasty. At the hospital level, the proportion of cases that were outliers (>95th percentile) was significantly associated with rank in terms of cost (Spearman's ρ ranging from 0.37 to 0.89, P<0.01). Conclusions Large-magnitude hospital variation in cost was not explained by case-mix or volume. Further research is necessary to determine the degree to which variation in cost is the result of differences in the efficiency of the delivery of healthcare services and the rate of catastrophic adverse outcomes and resultant protracted and expensive hospitalizations.
Autoantibodies against type I IFNs in patients with critical influenza pneumonia (2022)

Autoantibodies neutralizing type I interferons (IFNs) can underlie critical COVID-19 pneumonia and yellow fever vaccine disease. We report here on 13 patients harboring autoantibodies neutralizing IFN-α2 alone (five patients) or with IFN-ω (eight patients) from a cohort of 279 patients (4.7%) aged 6-73 yr with critical influenza pneumonia. Nine and four patients had antibodies neutralizing high and low concentrations, respectively, of IFN-α2, and six and two patients had antibodies neutralizing high and low concentrations, respectively, of IFN-ω. The patients' autoantibodies increased influenza A virus replication in both A549 cells and reconstituted human airway epithelia. The prevalence of these antibodies was significantly higher than that in the general population for patients <70 yr of age (5.7 vs. 1.1%, P = 2.2 × 10-5), but not >70 yr of age (3.1 vs. 4.4%, P = 0.68). The risk of critical influenza was highest in patients with antibodies neutralizing high concentrations of both IFN-α2 and IFN-ω (OR = 11.7, P = 1.3 × 10-5), especially those <70 yr old (OR = 139.9, P = 3.1 × 10-10). We also identified 10 patients in additional influenza patient cohorts. Autoantibodies neutralizing type I IFNs account for ∼5% of cases of life-threatening influenza pneumonia in patients <70 yr old.
Excel In Mathematics: Applications Of Calculus (2020)

the editor of the textbook used in the EXCEL class Applications of Calculus I intended to motivate students in the STEM program. Dr. Islas is involved in the redesign of entry level courses in mathematics to improve learning and reduced costs in higher education, particularly in the delivery of
Data from Targeting a Single Alternative Polyadenylation Site Coordinately Blocks Expression of Androgen Receptor mRNA Splice Variants in Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of male cancer deaths due to disease progression to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Androgen receptor (AR) splice variants including AR-V7 function as constitutively active transcription factors in CRPC cells, thereby promoting resistance to AR-targeted therapies. To date, there are no AR variant–specific treatments for CRPC. Here we report that the splicing of AR variants AR-V7 as well as AR-V1 and AR-V9 is regulated coordinately by a single polyadenylation signal in AR intron 3. Blocking this signal with morpholino technology or silencing of the polyadenylation factor CPSF1 caused a splice switch that inhibited expression of AR variants and blocked androgen-independent growth of CRPC cells. Our findings support the development of new therapies targeting the polyadenylation signal in AR intron 3 as a strategy to prevent expression of a broad array of AR variants in CRPC. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 77(19); 5228–35. ©2017 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Nuclear Factor κB Decoy Oligodeoxynucleotides Prevent Endotoxin–Induced Fatal Liver Failure in A Murine Model (2003)

Endotoxin syndrome is a systemic inflammatory response mediated by inflammatory cytokines. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) is the dominant regulator of the production of these cytokines by inflammatory cells. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of in vivo transfer of synthetic double-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) with high affinity against NF-kappa B (NF-kappa B/decoy/ODN) as a therapeutic strategy for treating endotoxin-induced fatal liver injury. Liver injury was induced by administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to Propionibacterium acnes-primed BALB/C mice. NF-kappa B/decoy/ODN was transferred into the portal vein using a fusigenic liposome with hemagglutinating virus of Japan. NF-kappa B/decoy/ODN was preferentially transferred to Kupffer cells, and activation of NF-kappa B after the LPS challenge was suppressed, leading to decreased inflammatory cytokine production. As a result, the massive necrosis and hepatocyte apoptosis observed in the control mice was dramatically attenuated and the survival rate improved. In conclusion, NF-kappa B/decoy/ODN transfer in vivo effectively suppressed endotoxin-induced fatal liver injury in mice.
Zur Bedeutung von Medien in Sport- und Freizeitkultur (1999)

ZusammenfassungDas Symposium wurde in interdisziplinärer Zusammenarbeit von den Kommissionen Sportpädagogik und Freizeitpädagogik durchgeführt. Der Ankündigungstext der Organisatoren Johannes Fromme und Torsten Schmidt-Millard verhieß folgendes: „In dem Symposium sollen sowohl empirische Daten über Medienkonsum im Zusammenhang von Freizeitverhalten vorgestellt als auch am Beispiel sportbezogener Medienbereiche die Auswirkungen auf die Leitvorstellungen von Jugendlichen thematisiert werden.“ Wie Sport- und Freizeitpädagogik auf die „Medien-Generation“ reagieren sollen, hängt davon ab, wie die Wirkungen der Medien überhaupt eingeschätzt werden. Allerdings gingen in dieser Frage die Meinungen auseinander. Schon der Istzustand und erst recht zukünftige Entwicklungen wurden sehr unterschiedlich beurteilt.
Synthesis of cross‐linked polyethylene oxide‐acetal macrocycles for solid superbase catalysts (2011)

Abstract A novel long‐chain divinyl ether of tris(diethyleneglycol)‐bisacetal, has been synthesized by electrophilic addition of one molecule of diethylene glycol to two molecules of divinyl ether of diethylene glycol (DVDEG) in the presence of CF 3 COOH in quantitative yield. The monomer was cationically polymerized (BF 3 ·OEt 2 , or complex LiBF 4 ·MeO(CH 2 ) 2 OMe) and copolymerized with DVDEG to deliver solid polymers the yields being 80–100%. The polymers represent the cross‐linked polyether‐polyacetal structures comprising macrocycles. The polymers were treated with 3% solution of KOH or CsOH in methanol to afford solid superbase complexes of KOH (CsOH) with cross‐linked polyether‐polyacetal macrocyclic networks. Preliminary tests have shown the complexes to be active catalysts for ethynylation of acetones and prototropic isomerization of methyl propargyl ethers to allenyl methyl ethers. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011