gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dual-Array Passive Acoustic Mapping for Cavitation Imaging With Enhanced 2-D Resolution (2020)

Passive acoustic mapping (PAM) techniques have been developed for the purposes of detecting, localizing, and quantifying cavitation activity during therapeutic ultrasound procedures. Implementation with conventional diagnostic ultrasound arrays has allowed planar mapping of bubble acoustic emissions to be overlaid with B-mode anatomical images, with a variety of beamforming approaches providing enhanced resolution at the cost of extended computation times. However, no passive signal processing techniques implemented to date have overcome the fundamental physical limitation of the conventional diagnostic array aperture that results in point spread functions with axial/lateral beamwidth ratios of nearly an order of magnitude. To mitigate this problem, the use of a pair of orthogonally oriented diagnostic arrays was recently proposed, with potential benefits arising from the substantially expanded range of observation angles. This article presents experiments and simulations intended to demonstrate the performance and limitations of the dual-array system concept. The key finding of this study is that source pair resolution of better than 1 mm is now possible in both dimensions of the imaging plane using a pair of 7.5-MHz center frequency conventional arrays at a distance of 7.6cm. With an eye toward accelerating computations for real-time applications, channel count reductions of up to a factor of eight induce negligible performance losses. Modest sensitivities to sound speed and relative array position uncertainties were identified, but if these can be kept on the order of 1% and 1 mm, respectively, then the proposed methods offer the potential for a step improvement in cavitation monitoring capability.
Modulation of enzymatic activity of dengue virus nonstructural protein NS3 nucleoside triphosphatase/helicase by poly(U) (2013)

The nonstructural protein 3 (NS3) appears to be the most promising target for anti-flavivirus therapy because of its multiple enzymatic activities that are indispensable for virus replication. NS3 of dengue virus type 2 (DEN2) is composed of two domains, a serine protease in the N-terminal domain (NS3pro) and RNA-stimulated nucleoside triphosphatase (NTPase)/RNA helicase at the C-terminus (NS3h). NS3 plays an important role in viral replication and the coordinated regulation of all the catalytic activities in the full-length NS3 protein. In this study, a plasmid harboring the NS3 helicase domain (NS3h) was constructed by PCR. The 56.5 kDa NS3h protein was purified by metal-chelate affinity chromatography followed by renaturation, mediated by artificial chaperone-assisted refolding, which yielded the active helicase. NTPase activity was assayed with Malachite Green. The NTPase activity in the presence of poly(U) showed a higher turnover number (kcat) and a lower Km value than without poly(U). The activity increased approximately fourfold in the presence of polynucleotides. This indicates that NTPase activity of dengue NS3 can be stimulated by polynucleotides. A helicase assay based on internal fluorescence quenching was conducted using short internally quenched DNA oligonucleotides as substrates. Significant fluorescence signaling increase was observed in the absence of polynucleotides such as poly(U). No unwinding activity was observed with addition of poly(U). The approach we describe here is useful for the further characterization of substrate specificity and for the design of high-throughput assays aimed at discovery of inhibitors against NS3 NTPase/helicase activities.
Magnetic targeting of microbubbles against physiologically relevant flow conditions (2015)

The localization of microbubbles to a treatment site has been shown to be essential to their effectiveness in therapeutic applications such as targeted drug delivery and gene therapy. A variety of different strategies for achieving localization has been investigated, including biochemical targeting, acoustic radiation force, and the incorporation of superparamagnetic nanoparticles into microbubbles to enable their manipulation using an externally applied magnetic field. The third of these strategies has the advantage of concentrating microbubbles in a target region without exposing them to ultrasound, and can be used in conjunction with biochemical targeting to achieve greater specificity. Magnetic microbubbles have been shown to be effective for therapeutic delivery in vitro and in vivo. Whether this technique can be successfully applied in humans however remains an open question. The aim of this study was to determine the range of flow conditions under which targeting could be achieved. In vitro results indicate that magnetic microbubbles can be retained using clinically acceptable magnetic fields, for both the high shear rates (approx. 10(4) s(-1)) found in human arterioles and capillaries, and the high flow rates (approx. 3.5 ml s(-1)) of human arteries. The potential for human in vivo microbubble retention was further demonstrated using a perfused porcine liver model.
Abscisic Acid Receptors and Coreceptors Modulate Plant Water Use Efficiency and Water Productivity (2019)

Improving the water use efficiency (WUE) of crop plants without trade-offs in growth and yield is considered a utopic goal. However, recent studies on model plants show that partial restriction of transpiration can occur without a reduction in CO<sub>2</sub> uptake and photosynthesis. In this study, we analyzed the potentials and constraints of improving WUE in Arabidopsis (<i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>) and in wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i>). We show that the analyzed Arabidopsis wild-type plants consume more water than is required for unrestricted growth. WUE was enhanced without a growth penalty by modulating abscisic acid (ABA) responses either by using overexpression of specific ABA receptors or deficiency of ABA coreceptors. Hence, the plants showed higher water productivity compared with the wild-type plants; that is, equal growth with less water. The high WUE trait was resilient to changes in light intensity and water availability, but it was sensitive to the ambient temperature. ABA application to plants generated a partial phenocopy of the water-productivity trait. ABA application, however, was never as effective as genetic modification in enhancing water productivity, probably because ABA indiscriminately targets all ABA receptors. ABA agonists selective for individual ABA receptors might offer an approach to phenocopy the water-productivity trait of the high WUE lines. ABA application to wheat grown under near-field conditions improved WUE without detectable growth trade-offs. Wheat yields are heavily impacted by water deficit, and our identification of this crop as a promising target for WUE improvement may help contribute to greater food security.
Occupant Risk, Partner Risk and Fatality Rate in Frontal Crashes: Estimated Effects of Changing Vehicle Fleet Mass in 15 Years (2000)

The effect of vehicle fleet mass on car crash fatalities was estimated, using a new mathematical model to isolate vehicle mass from related factors like size, stiffness and inherent protection. The model was based on fatality risk data, impact speed, fleet mass distribution, and collision probabilities. The fleet mass distribution was changed over 15 years to (a) a homogeneous fleet of 1300 kg cars, (b) a bimodal fleet of 600 and 1600 kg cars, and (c) a 300 kg lighter fleet. Occupant and collision partner fatality risks were estimated for the new fleets. The new fleets were achieved by various strategies, and the average fatality rate was calculated after and during the transition to the new fleet.Occupant fatality risk decreased and partner risk increased as occupants changed to a heavier car. The average fatality rate was 59% higher after the transition to a bimodal fleet mass, and 11 % lower for a homogeneous fleet. A 300 kg lighter fleet had a 8% higher fatality rale, but the strategy influenced the number of fatalities accumulated during the transition. The safest strategy to attain the lighter fleet was to reduce the mass of the heaviest cars first. It was concluded that vehicle fleet mass significantly affects traffic safety. Downsizing consequences can be compensated for by improving inherent vehicle protection or reducing impact speed. The fatalities during downsizing can be limited by choosing an appropriate strategy.
Confounding Factors in Renal Denervation Trials (2020)

Recent randomized sham-controlled trials have demonstrated significant blood pressure reductions following renal denervation (RDN) in patients with hypertension, both in the presence and absence of antihypertensive therapy. These new data encouraged us to revisit previously published insights into potential clinical trial confounding factors that informed the design and conduct of forthcoming trials. Initially identified confounders related to procedural technique, medication variability, and selected patient subgroups have been addressed in contemporary trial design. Regarding procedural method and technology, blood pressure reductions may be improved by ensuring circumferential lesion creation in the distal renal arteries and branch vessels. Safety of the RDN procedure has been demonstrated in multiple independent meta-analyses including thousands of treated patients with low reported rates of renal vessel complications and maintenance of renal function. However, a newer generation of RDN trials has also introduced insights related to medication adherence, patient selection, and the definition of treatment response. Evolving evidence indicates that RDN therapy may be considered in higher risk populations of uncontrolled hypertension regardless of ethnicity and in patients expressing a strong preference for a nondrug therapy option. Despite advances in procedural technique and clinical trial conduct, inconsistent antihypertensive-drug adherence behavior remains perhaps the most critical clinical trial design issue for device-based hypertension therapies. As the balance in clinical equipoise increasingly favors RDN, justification of sham-controlled trial designs will be revisited, and novel study designs may be required to evaluate the safety and efficacy of novel devices and procedures intended to address the escalating prevalence of poorly controlled hypertension.
New robust feedforward tracking control structure for optical disk recording system (2006)

In optical recording system, the tracking servo system must follow the track of optical disk against the influence of the track eccentricity and the force disturbance. In tracking servo system, the influence of the track eccentricity becomes periodic disturbance. The influence of force disturbance caused by shaking is treated as sudden disturbance. Several control methods suppressing the periodic disturbance have been proposed. On the other hand, it is difficult to detect the sudden disturbance without force sensor. In the conventional tracking servo system, the influence of sudden disturbance has been suppressed by the feedback controller. This paper proposes a new structure of robust tracking servo system, which detects and suppresses the both periodic disturbance and the sudden disturbance without force sensor. The proposed system estimates the both periodic disturbance and sudden disturbance based on a new sudden disturbance observer and memory of tracking error. Moreover, in order to suppress the periodic disturbance quickly, this paper designs the ZPET feedforward servo system with prediction of tracking error. The experimental results point out that the proposed tracking servo system has a precise tracking response against both periodic disturbance and sudden disturbance
Joint carrier allocation and precoding optimization for interference-limited GEO satellite (2023)

The rise of flexible payloads on satellites opens a door for controlling satellite resources according to the user demand, user location, and satellite position. In addition to resource management, applying precoding on flexible payloads is essential to obtain high spectral efficiency. However, these cannot be achieved using a conventional resource allocation algorithm that does not consider the user demand. In this paper, we propose a demand-aware algorithm based on multiobjective optimization to jointly design the carrier allocation and precoding for better spectral efficiency and demand matching with proper management of the satellite resources. The optimization problem is non-convex, and we solve it using convex relaxation and successive convex approximation. Then, we evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm through numerical results. It is shown that the proposed method outperforms the benchmark schemes in terms of resource utilization and demand satisfaction.
Ticks and Tick-Borne Pathogens of the Caribbean: Current Understanding and Future Directions for More Comprehensive Surveillance (2017)

Ticks are obligate hematophagous arthropods of significant importance to human and veterinary medicine. They transmit a vast array of pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and helminths. Most epidemiological data on ticks and tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) in the West Indies are limited to common livestock pathogens such as <i>Ehrlichia ruminantium, Babesia</i> spp. (i.e., <i>B. bovis</i> and <i>B. bigemina</i>), and <i>Anaplasma marginale</i>, and less information is available on companion animal pathogens. Of note, human tick-borne diseases (TBDs) remain almost completely uncharacterized in the West Indies. Information on TBP presence in wildlife is also missing. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review of the ticks and TBPs affecting human and animal health in the Caribbean, and introduce the challenges associated with understanding TBD epidemiology and implementing successful TBD management in this region. In particular, we stress the need for innovative and versatile surveillance tools using high-throughput pathogen detection (e.g., high-throughput real-time microfluidic PCR). The use of such tools in large epidemiological surveys will likely improve TBD prevention and control programs in the Caribbean.
Perceived Stress in Multiple Sclerosis (2014)

Stressful life events are associated with worsening neurological symptoms and decreased quality of life in multiple sclerosis (MS). Mindful consciousness can alter the impact of stressful events and has potential to improve health outcomes in MS. This study evaluated the relationship between trait mindfulness and perceived stress, coping, and resilience in people with MS. Quality of life was assessed as a secondary outcome. One hundred nineteen people with confirmed MS completed the Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire, Perceived Stress Scale, Brief Coping Orientation for Problem Experiences, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and Medical Outcome Study Short Form-36. Greater trait mindfulness was significantly associated with decreased psychological stress, better coping skills, increased resilience, and higher quality of life. After investigators controlled for confounders, mindfulness accounted for 25% of the variation in perceived stress scores and 44% of the variation in resilience scores. Results support further investigation of mindfulness training to enhance psychological resilience and improve well-being for those living with MS.
MODELING THE EFFECTS OF PELVIS/HIP/FEMUR POSITION ON THE RISK OF INJURY IN AUTOMOTIVE COLLISIONS. IN: CAE METHODS FOR VEHICLE CRASHWORTHINESS AND OCCUPANT SAFETY, AND SAFETY-CRITICAL SYSTEMS (2004)

This paper describes the process used to develop an anatomically detailed finite element model (FEM) of the hip joint using data from the U.S. National Institutes of Health-sponsored Visible Human Project. Simulations representing frontal impact conditions were run with various positions of the femur relative to the pelvis. Comparisons are made between the contact pressures within the acetabular cartilage and the associated stress levels in the surrounding bony structures. The relative risk of bony fracture is discussed for the various simulation conditions. Experimental testing is underway to provide validation data for the model.
Minimizing wafer overlay errors due to EUV mask non-flatness and thickness variations for N7 production (2017)

Wafer overlay errors due to EUV mask non-flatness and thickness variations need to be minimized for the successful deployment of EUV lithography at N7 HVM. In this paper, we provide an updated assessment of the overlay impacts from EUV mask blanks as relevant to N7. We then evaluate the effectiveness of high-order scanner correction and mask compensation in minimizing the mask blank induced overlay to meet the allocated N7 overlay budget. Various scenarios for combining the compensation methods are evaluated, and a practical EUV mask flatness and thickness variation specification for N7 production is proposed.
Highly Electrophilic Olefin Polymerization Catalysts. Quantitative Reaction Coordinates for Fluoroarylborane/Alumoxane Methide Abstraction and Ion-Pair Reorganization in Group 4 Metallocene and “Constrained Geometry” Catalysts (1998)

Reaction enthalpies of group 4 metallocenes having the general formula L2M(CH3)2 (L = Cp, 1,2-Me2Cp, Me5Cp; L2 = Me2Si(Me4Cp)(tBuN); M = Ti, Zr, and Hf) with the strong organo-Lewis acid B(C6F5)3 were measured using batch titration calorimetry in toluene. Methide abstraction to form the corresponding L2MCH3+CH3B(C6F5)3- contact ion pairs is highly exothermic in all cases. Exothermicity increases with increasing Cp methyl substitution: for M = Zr, ΔH = −23.1(3), −24.3(4), and −36.7(5) kcal mol-1 for L = Cp, Me2Cp, and Me5Cp, respectively. For M = Hf and L = 1,2-Me2Cp, ΔH = −20.8(5) kcal mol-1. “Constrained geometry” complexes (L2 = Me2Si(Me4Cp)(tBuN)) exhibit similar exothermicities, with ΔH = −22.6(2), −23.9(4), and −19.3(6) kcal mol-1 for M = Ti, Zr, and Hf, respectively. In contrast, analogous reactions with methylalumoxane (M:Al = 1:50) are less exothermic, with ΔH = −10.9(3) and −8.9(4) kcal mol-1 for L = 1,2-Me2Cp and M = Zr and Hf, respectively. Under identical conditions, (1,2-Me2Cp)2M(CH3)2 (M = Zr, Hf) complexes also undergo methide abstraction with the less Lewis-acidic triarylboranes (C6F5)2BAr (Ar = 3,5-C6H3F2, Ph, and 3,5-C6H3Me2); however, conversions to the corresponding (Me2Cp)2MCH3+ CH3B(C6F5)2Ar- ion pairs are incomplete. Variable-temperature NMR measurements yield thermodynamic parameters for partial methide abstraction by these less Lewis-acidic boranes. For Ar = 3,5-C6H3F2, ΔH = −18.7(7) and −15.2(8) kcal mol-1 with ΔS = −42(2) and −35(3) e.u.; for Ar = Ph, ΔH = −14.8(8) and −13.3(6) kcal mol-1 with ΔS = −31(2) and −39(2) e.u.; for Ar = 3,5-C6H3Me2, ΔH = −10.8(6) and −12.7(5) with ΔS = −19(2) and −36(4) e.u., in each case for M = Zr and Hf, respectively. Dynamic NMR analyses reveal that the activation barriers for methide abstraction from the neutral metallocene dialkyls are small and relatively insensitive to the borane identity (ΔH⧧ = 2−6 kcal mol-1) while ion-pair separation/recombination processes are greatly facilitated by polar solvents. Ethylene polymerization activities for eight (Me2Cp)2MCH3+ CH3B(C6F5)2Ar- complexes measured in toluene solution (25 °C, 1 atm) follow a trend in metal (Zr > Hf) as well as a substantial trend in triarylborane (Ar = C6F5 > 3,5-C6H3F2 > Ph ∼ 3,5-C6H3Me2). Polymerization activities correlate roughly with MCH3+ 13C NMR chemical shifts and enthalpies of methide abstraction.
A swiss army knife for finite rate of innovation sampling theory (2016)

Finite-Rate-of-Innovation (FRI) sampling theory prescribes a procedure for exact recovery of Dirac impulses from linear measurements in the form of orthogonal projections of streams of Dirac impulses onto the subspace of Fourier—bandlimited functions. This enables recovery of a continuous time sparse signals at sub-Nyquist rates. In many cases, the transform domain of interest may be more general than the Fourier domain. Recent work has extended FRI sampling theory to the spherical Fourier Transform, fractional Fourier Transform and the Laplace Transform. In this paper, we develop a broad FRI framework applicable to a general class of transformations that includes Fourier, Laplace, Fresnel, fractional Fourier, Bargmann and Gauss—Weierstrass transforms, among others. For this purpose, we consider the Special Affine Fourier Transform (SAFT) which parametrically generalizes a number of well known unitary transforms linked with signal processing and optics. We first derive a version of Shannon's sampling theory based on the convolution structure tailored for the SAFT domain. Having identified the subspace of SAFT—bandlimited functions, we apply FRI sampling theory to the SAFT and study recovery of sparse signals, thus providing a unified view of FRI sampling theory for a large class of disparately studied operations.
Electrically Elicited Muscle Torque: Comparison Between 2500-Hz Burst-Modulated Alternating Current and Monophasic Pulsed Current (2015)

Neuromuscular stimulation using MPC may be more efficacious than using BMAC to achieve a high torque output in patients with quadriceps weakness.
Impact of Ethnicity, Geography, and Disease on the Microbiota in Health and Inflammatory Bowel Disease (2013)

The healthy microbiota is diverse but compositionally affected by geographical and ethnic factors. The microbiota is substantially altered in inflammatory bowel disease, but ethnicity may also play an important role. This may be key to the changing epidemiology in developing countries, and emigrants to the West.
Dielectric Properties of Pb-Based Perovskite Substituted by Ti for B-site at Microwave Frequencies (1993)

Substitutions of B-sites by Ti in several Pb-based perovskite ceramics that had high relative permittivities (ε r ), high Q values, and small temperature coefficients of resonant frequency (τ f ) were studied in order to control ε r and τ f independently. It was found that relative permittivities with near-zero τ f in (Pb, Ca)(Zr, Ti)O 3 , (Pb, Ca){(Fe 1/2 Nb 1/2 ), Ti}O 3 , and (Pb, Ca){(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 ), Ti}O 3 systems could be controlled in the ε r regions lower than 105, 95, and 70, respectively. All these systems had sufficiently high Q values. They are applicable to resonant devices for mobile communications.
WLC03-4: Adaptive Power and Transmission Rate Control in Cellular CDMA Networks (2006)

The UMTS technologies offer a large range of possible transmission rate and power to the mobile users. Setting these values in an adaptive, fair, and optimal way is a challenging issue. After carefully analyzing the system of equations, and applying appropriate changes of variables, we find a formulation where the constraints for capacity are convex. We take advantage of a known analytical solution of the problem for the powers to reformulate the problem on the rates. Then we extract properties from the Kuhn-Tucker conditions to derive an algorithm having almost linear complexity with the number of users. This case turns to be very useful in practice and the algorithm very simple and efficient.
Combination immunotherapy with nivolumab and ipilimumab in patients with rare gynecological malignancies: results of the CA209-538 clinical trial (2021)

Ipilimumab and nivolumab combination treatment has significant clinical activity with a favorable safety profile across a range of advanced rare gynecological malignancies and warrants further investigation in these tumor types.