gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prostaglandin E2 Induces CYP1B1 Expression via Ligand-Independent Activation of the ERα Pathway in Human Breast Cancer Cells (2010)

Breast cancer is a major cause of death worldwide. Human cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1B1 is a key enzyme in the metabolism of 17beta-estradiol, and CYP1B1-metabolized 4-hydroxyestradiol is a marker for breast cancer. Furthermore, overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which produces prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), has been detected in invasive breast carcinomas. However, the interaction between PGE(2) and CYP1B1 expression in human breast cancer is unclear. Here, we investigated the effect of PGE(2) on CYP1B1 expression and its mechanism in breast cancer cells. PGE(2) significantly increased CYP1B1 protein and messenger RNA expression and dose dependently enhanced CYP1B1 promoter activity in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Transient transfection with human CYP1B1 (hCYP1B1) deletion promoter constructs and cotreatment with inhibitors revealed that the estrogen response element contributed to the effects of PGE(2). CYP1B1 expression was not affected by PGE(2) in estrogen receptor (ER) alpha-negative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells or in ERalpha/beta-negative MCF-10A normal breast cells, and protein expression of ERalpha and ERbeta was not affected by PGE(2) treatment in MCF-7 cells. However, PGE(2) rapidly induced phosphorylation of ERalpha at serine residues 118, 167, and 305, suggesting that PGE(2) activates ERalpha in a ligand-independent manner. PGE(2) also increased phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), Akt, and protein kinase A (PKA). Finally, a COX-2 inhibitor inhibited PGE(2)-induced CYP1B1 expression, and COX-2 overexpression increased CYP1B1 expression. Our results indicate that PGE(2)-induced CYP1B1 expression is mediated by ligand-independent activation of the ERalpha pathway as a result of the activation of ERK, Akt, and PKA in breast cancer cells.
Heat Transfer and Flowfield Measurements in the Leading Edge Region of a Stator Vane Endwall (1999)

The leading edge region of a first-stage stator vane experiences high heat transfer rates, especially near the endwall, making it very important to get a better understanding of the formation of the leading edge vortex. In order to improve numerical predictions of the complex endwall flow, benchmark quality experimental data are required. To this purpose, this study documents the endwall heat transfer and static pressure coefficient distribution of a modern stator vane for two different exit Reynolds numbers (Reex = 6 × 105 and 1.2 × 106). In addition, laser-Doppler velocimeter measurements of all three components of the mean and fluctuating velocities are presented for a plane in the leading edge region. Results indicate that the endwall heat transfer, pressure distribution, and flowfield characteristics change with Reynolds number. The endwall pressure distributions show that lower pressure coefficients occur at higher Reynolds numbers due to secondary flows. The stronger secondary flows cause enhanced heat transfer near the trailing edge of the vane at the higher Reynolds number. On the other hand, the mean velocity, turbulent kinetic energy, and vorticity results indicate that leading edge vortex is stronger and more turbulent at the lower Reynolds number. The Reynolds number also has an effect on the location of the separation point, which moves closer to the stator vane at lower Reynolds numbers.
Sensitivity of tobacco tissue cultures to chloramphenicol and its photodegradation products (1983)

Abstract. Non‐differentiated tissue cultures (calli) of tobacco were found to be more sensitive to chloramphenicol (CAP) than differentiated tissues (shoots). The difference is especially manifested in darkness and at an irradiation regime lacking u.v. and blue light. Photodegradation of CAP solutions was demonstrated at moderate light fluence rates (6–15 Wm −2 ). The evidence indicates that the final products of photodegradation may be toxic or non‐toxic according to the irradiation regime. The implication of the present findings in establishing a selection system for resistance to chemicals, and especially CAP, using plant tissue cultures, is discussed.
Color Text Fading Detection (2021)

The text fading defect is one of the most common defects in electrophotographic printers; and it dramatically affects print quality. It usually appears in a significant symbol Region of Interest (ROI), easily noticed by a user on his or her print. We can detect text fading by the density reduction for the black and white printed symbol ROI. It is difficult to detect the color text fading only by density reduction, because the depleted cartridge may only cause the color distortion without density reduction in the color printed symbol ROI. In our previous work with print quality defects analysis, the text fading detection method only works for black text fading defect detection [1]. Our new text fading method can detect the color text fading defect and predict the depleted cartridge. In this new text fading detection method, we use whole page image registration and the median threshold bitmap (MTB) matching method to align the text characters between the master and test symbol ROIs, because with the aligned text characters, it is easy to extract the difference between the master and the test text characters to detect the text fading defect. We use a support vector machine classifier to assign a rank to the overall quality of the printed page. We also use the gap statistic method with the K-means clustering algorithm to extract the different text characters’ different colors to predict the depleted cartridge.
Design of Many-Core Big Little \mu Brain for Energy-Efficient Embedded Neuromorphic Computing (2021)

As spiking-based deep learning inference applications are increasing in embedded systems, these systems tend to integrate neuromorphic accelerators such as $\mu$Brain to improve energy efficiency. We propose a $\mu$Brain-based scalable many-core neuromorphic hardware design to accelerate the computations of spiking deep convolutional neural networks (SDCNNs). To increase energy efficiency, cores are designed to be heterogeneous in terms of their neuron and synapse capacity (big cores have higher capacity than the little ones), and they are interconnected using a parallel segmented bus interconnect, which leads to lower latency and energy compared to a traditional mesh-based Network-on-Chip (NoC). We propose a system software framework called SentryOS to map SDCNN inference applications to the proposed design. SentryOS consists of a compiler and a run-time manager. The compiler compiles an SDCNN application into subnetworks by exploiting the internal architecture of big and little $\mu$Brain cores. The run-time manager schedules these sub-networks onto cores and pipeline their execution to improve throughput. We evaluate the proposed big little many-core neuromorphic design and the system software framework with five commonlyused SDCNN inference applications and show that the proposed solution reduces energy (between 37% and 98%), reduces latency (between 9% and 25%), and increases application throughput (between 20% and 36%). We also show that SentryOS can be easily extended for other spiking neuromorphic accelerators.
Design Optimization of a Very High Power Density Motor with a Reluctance Rotor and a Modular Stator Having PMs and Toroidal Windings (2021)

This paper proposes a new high power density permanent magnet (PM) motor design for traction applications to achieve the 50kW/L target set by the US Department of Energy by increasing the torque capability and operating speed compared to conventional PM machine topologies. A large-scale multi-objective design optimization based on 2D finite element analysis (FEA) and differential evolution algorithm was conducted to achieve the best trade-off among high efficiency, high power density and high power factor. The torque-speed envelopes are also checked for the Pareto front designs to make sure they have a constant power speed ratio of at least 3:1. An open frame lab prototype (OFLP) motor has been fabricated and tested to validate the principle of operation and design optimization approach, and to identify the potential challenges in manufacturing and testing. Ongoing work on further pushing the electromagnetic performance to the limit and improving the manufacturing and cooling techniques are also discussed.
SYNTHESIS OF 3- AND 4-CHLORO-1H-PYRROLO[3, 2-c]PYRIDIN-4(5H)-ONE (1988)

(1988). SYNTHESIS OF 3- AND 4-CHLORO-1H-PYRROLO[3, 2-c]PYRIDIN-4(5H)-ONE. Organic Preparations and Procedures International: Vol. 20, No. 3, pp. 285-289.
Impact of socioeconomic status on survival after CD19 CART therapy. (2022)

7013 Background: CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CART) therapy has dramatically improved survival for children with relapsed/refractory (r/r) B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). While significant socioeconomic (SES) outcome disparities exist for children with newly diagnosed B-ALL, the impact of SES on CART access and outcomes is poorly described. Using the largest single-center pediatric CART experience, we investigated the hypothesis that poverty-exposed children would have inferior survival outcomes compared to unexposed children. Methods: Retrospective cohort study of US pediatric patients treated on CD19 CART clinical trials or with commercial tisagenlecleucel at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia from 2012-2020. Poverty was the primary exposure, defined at the household-level by insurance status (public vs private). Neighborhood opportunity was defined by census-derived Childhood Opportunity Index (COI) (low [q1-2] vs high [q3-4]). Overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) were evaluated by Kaplan Meier methods, and association with exposures by Cox regression models. Results: Among 206 patients, 36% were household poverty exposed, 24.9% low COI, 21.4% identified as Hispanic, 7.3% non-Hispanic Black, 63.6% non-Hispanic White, and 7.7% non-Hispanic Other. Household-poverty exposure was similar between local and referred patients (32.4% vs 36.7%). Patients unexposed to poverty at the household level or with high COI presented to CART with high disease burden (37.1% vs 26%, p = 0.049, 37.9% vs. 29.7%, p = 0.002). In multivariate analysis adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, disease burden, relapse status, and inotuzumab exposure, there were no significant differences in OS by householdverty (HR 0.86, 95%CI 0.50-1.48, p = 0.575) or low COI (HR 1.03, 95%CI 0.53-1.99, p = 0.932). Low COI was associated with inferior RFS (HR 2.26, 95%CI 1.34-8.80, p = 0.002). There was no significant difference in RFS by household-poverty (HR 0.84, 95%CI 0.48-1.44, p = 0.520). Conclusions: Household poverty was not associated with inferior survival outcomes in pediatric patients who received CART for r/r B-ALL. Patients with low neighborhood opportunity had increased hazard of relapse, a finding that requires investigation of the COI components underlying this association. Patients of higher proxied SES were more likely to have high disease burden, an access inequity potentially reflecting referral pattern bias or greater ability of advantaged families to advocate for CART. Future institutional and multi-center studies should utilize patient-reported social determinants of health to investigate mechanisms driving these disparities and guide care delivery interventions to improve equity in access and outcomes. Clinical trials: NCT01626495, NCT02435849, NCT02374333, NCT02228096, NCT02906371
Nonlinear micromechanical filters based on internal resonance phenomenon (2006)

A microresonator concept based on 1:2 internal resonance between the modes of the resonator is explored in this study. The response of the structure under electrostatic actuation is computed and the simulated currents at the input and output ports are presented. Results show that the output current for the T-beam is non-zero for a very small band of frequencies. Unlike linear filters, the proposed non-linear resonator provides filtering and mixing since the output signal is at half the input signal frequency. Furthermore, the proposed device has significantly higher out-of-band rejection as compared to an equivalent linear micromechanical filter. Because of these unique characteristics these microresonators hold a great potential for use in RF filtering and mixing applications
Low threshold Al/sub x/O/sub y/-confined VCSELs and densely-packed arrays (2002)

Summary form only given. In this talk we describe recent results in achieving lasing wavelength control in selectively oxidized AlAs-GaAs DBR QW VCSEL arrays, as well as reduction in lasing threshold. To demonstrate the wavelength control, we used a scanning electron microscope of a 2x2 array in which the lateral sizes of the individual VCSELs are varied in 0.5 /spl mu/m steps from 3.0 /spl mu/m to 1.5 /spl mu/m. The lateral cavity dimensions are set by the sizes of GaAs mesas that serve as oxidation masks.
Ultrafast Control of Fragmentation Pathways of Soft X-Ray Driven Dissociation of Triatomic N2O Molecules (2010)

Ultrashort x-ray pulses initiate a coulomb explosion of N2O through two distinct fragmentation pathways, corresponding to breaking an NN or NO bond. The branching ratio between these channels is controlled using a 30fs infrared pulse.
Nonivasive prenatal diagnosis of single-gene disorders using droplet digital PCR (2017)

Abstract Background Prenatal diagnosis in pregnancies at risk of single-gene disorders is currently performed using invasive methods such as chorionic villus sampling and amniocentesis. This is in contrast with screening for common aneuploidies, for which noninvasive methods with a single maternal blood sample have become standard clinical practice. Methods We developed a protocol for noninvasive prenatal diagnosis of inherited single gene disorders using droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) from circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in maternal plasma. First, the amount of cfDNA and fetal fraction are determined using a panel of Taqman assays targeting high-variability SNPs. Second, the ratio of healthy and diseased alleles in maternal plasma are quantified using Taqman assays targeting the mutations carried by the parents. Two validation approaches of the mutation assay are presented. Results We collected blood samples from 9 pregnancies at risk for different single gene disorders including common conditions and rare metabolic disorders. We measured cases at risk of hemophilia, ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency, cystic fibrosis, β-thalassemia, mevalonate kinase deficiency, acetylcholine receptor deficiency and DFNB1 nonsyndromic hearing loss. We correctly differentiated affected and unaffected pregnancies (2 affected, 7 unaffected), confirmed by neonatal testing. We successfully measured an affected pregnancy as early as week 11, and with a fetal fraction as low as 3.7±0.3%. Conclusion Our method detects single nucleotide mutations of autosomal recessive diseases as early as the first trimester of pregnancy. This is of importance for metabolic disorders where early diagnosis can affect management of the disease and reduce complications and anxiety related to invasive testing.
CO Oxidation on Gold in Acidic Environments:  Particle Size and Substrate Effects (2007)

The electrooxidation of carbon monoxide on titania- and carbon-supported gold nanoparticles of mean diameters <6.5 nm was studied in 0.5 M HClO4. The samples were prepared by physical vapor deposition, and the activity of the supported particles compared with the reaction at bulk, polycrystalline gold. Carbon-supported gold exhibited activity for CO oxidation only at potentials similar to that observed for bulk gold. Decreasing the particle size below ∼2.5 nm resulted in a sharp decay in catalytic activity. Titania-supported gold exhibited catalytic activity at overpotentials significantly below those of bulk gold, and the activity was strongly particle-size-dependent. A maximum in activity was observed at ∼3.0 nm, and a sharp reduction in activity is observed below ∼2.5 nm. The results highlight two important effects. Titania is responsible for a strong substrate-induced activity for CO electrooxidation on gold particles. In addition to the induced activity at low overpotentials, this titania-supported gold is also shown to exhibit activity at high potentials where normally the oxidation of the gold poisons the reaction. The second observation is that the oxidation is inhibited on particles below 2.5 nm in size, irrespective of the support.
THE BALLOON-BORNE LARGE APERTURE SUBMILLIMETER TELESCOPE (BLAST) 2006: CALIBRATION AND FLIGHT PERFORMANCE (2009)

The Balloon-borne Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (BLAST) operated successfully during a 250 hr flight over Antarctica in 2006 December (BLAST06). As part of the calibration and pointing procedures, the red hypergiant star VY CMa was observed and used as the primary calibrator. Details of the overall BLAST06 calibration procedure are discussed. The 1σ uncertainty on the absolute calibration is accurate to 9.5%, 8.7%, and 9.2% at the 250, 350, and 500 μm bands, respectively. The errors are highly correlated between bands resulting in much lower errors for the derived shape of the 250-500 μm continuum. The overall pointing error is &lt; 5'' rms for the 36'', 42'', and 60'' beams. The performance of optics and pointing systems is discussed.
Digital Doppler measurement with spacecraft (1991)

Digital and analog phase-locked loop (PLL) receivers were operated in parallel, each tracking the residual carrier from a spacecraft. The PLL tracked the downlink carrier and measured its instantaneous phase. This information, combined with a knowledge of the uplink carrier and the transponder ratio, permitted the computation of a Doppler observable. In this way, two separate Doppler measurements were obtained for one observation window. The two receivers agreed on the magnitude of the Doppler effect to within 1 mHz. There was less jitter on the data from the digital receiver. This was due to its smaller noise bandwidth. The demonstration and its results are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Energy and Size Reduction of Grid-Interfaced Energy Buffers Through Line Waveform Control (2018)

Grid-interface converters with power factor correction (PFC) generally require large energy buffer capacitors to maintain a constant power output. These buffer capacitors can occupy 20-30% of total system volume, and their size is unaffected by typical methods of miniaturizing power converters such as increasing efficiency or changing switching frequency. Here we investigate an approach in which harmonic current is intentionally drawn from the grid (within allowed regulations) to reduce the required energy storage. We show that this method can achieve up to a 62% reduction in energy storage requirements under EN61000-3-2 Class D regulations, with continued benefit available at higher powers under Class A. This benefit can generally be achieved solely through controls without additional hardware and can be applied across PFC converter topologies. A valley-switched boost PFC converter is used to validate that harmonic injection achieves the calculated energy storage reduction with little impact on efficiency. It is also shown that the proposed approach provides the added benefit of compressing the PFC switching frequency range.
Interest of MR cholangiography in the diagnosis and the follow-up of primary sclerosing cholangitis (1997)

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miRNA Expression Profiles of Mouse Round Spermatids in GRTH/DDX25-Mediated Spermiogenesis: mRNA–miRNA Network Analysis (2023)

GRTH/DDX25 is a testis-specific DEAD-box family of RNA helicase, which plays an essential role in spermatogenesis and male fertility. There are two forms of GRTH, a 56 kDa non-phosphorylated form and a 61 kDa phosphorylated form (pGRTH). GRTH-KO and GRTH Knock-In (KI) mice with R242H mutation (lack pGRTH) are sterile with a spermatogenic arrest at step 8 of spermiogenesis due to failure of round spermatids (RS) to elongate. We performed mRNA-seq and miRNA-seq analysis on RS of WT, KI, and KO to identify crucial microRNAs (miRNAs) and mRNAs during RS development by establishing a miRNA-mRNA network. We identified increased levels of miRNAs such as miR146, miR122a, miR26a, miR27a, miR150, miR196a, and miR328 that are relevant to spermatogenesis. mRNA-miRNA target analysis on these DE-miRNAs and DE-mRNAs revealed miRNA target genes involved in ubiquitination process (<i>Ube2k</i>, <i>Rnf138</i>, <i>Spata3</i>), RS differentiation, and chromatin remodeling/compaction (<i>Tnp1/2</i>, <i>Prm1/2/3</i>, <i>Tssk3/6</i>), reversible protein phosphorylation (<i>Pim1</i>, <i>Hipk1</i>, <i>Csnk1g2</i>, <i>Prkcq</i>, <i>Ppp2r5a</i>), and acrosome stability (<i>Pdzd8</i>). Post-transcriptional and translational regulation of some of these germ-cell-specific mRNAs by miRNA-regulated translation arrest and/or decay may lead to spermatogenic arrest in KO and KI mice. Our studies demonstrate the importance of pGRTH in the chromatin compaction and remodeling process, which mediates the differentiation of RS into elongated spermatids through miRNA-mRNA interactions.
Antipyretic Effect and Plasma Concentrations of Rectal Acetaminophen and Diazepam in Children (1979)

Plasma levels of acetaminophen (paracetamol) and diazepam were measured in 9 children by gas chromatography after administering these drugs simultaneously in separate suppositories. The antipyretic effects of oral and rectal acetaminophen-diazepam combinations were also studied and compared with that of oral or rectal acetaminophen alone. Diazepam at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg did not increase the antipyretic action of acetaminophen. Acetaminophen and diazepam seemed to be well absorbed from the rectal suppositories, the maximal plasma concentration of diazepam after a rectal dose of 0.5 mg/kg just reaching the assumed anticonvulsant level in about 2 hr. In light of this study, an acetaminophen-diazepam combination in separate suppositories may be suitable for the prevention of recurrent febrile convulsions in susceptible children, but its practical value and efficacy require evaluation in clinical experiments.
Health-e-Child : An Integrated Biomedical Platform for Grid-Based Paediatric Applications (2006)

There is a compelling demand for the integration and exploitation of heterogeneous biomedical information for improved clinical practice, medical research, and personalised healthcare across the EU. The Health-e-Child project aims at developing an integrated healthcare platform for European Paediatrics, providing seamless integration of traditional and emerging sources of biomedical information. The long-term goal of the project is to provide uninhibited access to universal biomedical knowledge repositories for personalised and preventive healthcare, large-scale information-based biomedical research and training, and informed policy making. The project focus will be on individualised disease prevention, screening, early diagnosis, therapy and follow-up of paediatric heart diseases, inflammatory diseases, and brain tumours. The project will build a Grid-enabled European network of leading clinical centres that will share and annotate biomedical data, validate systems clinically, and diffuse clinical excellence across Europe by setting up new technologies, clinical workflows, and standards. This paper outlines the design approach being adopted in Health-e-Child to enable the delivery of an integrated biomedical information platform.