gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Autocrine growth induced by the insulin-related factor in the insulin-independent teratoma cell line 1246-3A. (1988)

An insulin-independent teratoma-derived cell line, called 1246-3A, has been isolated from the adipogenic cell line 1246, which stringently requires insulin for proliferation. The 1246-3A cell line, which can proliferate in the absence of exogenous insulin, produces in its conditioned medium a growth factor similar to pancreatic insulin by its biological and immunological properties. This factor, called "insulin-related factor" (IRF), was purified and iodinated to study its binding to cell surface receptors. 125I-labeled IRF binding to intact 1246-3A cells is lower than to 1246 cells. Cell surface binding can be restored by culturing the 1246-3A cells in the presence of an anti-porcine insulin monoclonal antibody or by acid prewash of the cells prior to performing the binding. Scatchard analysis of binding indicates that IRF secreted by the 1246-3A cells partially occupies high-affinity binding sites on the producer cells. Moreover, insulin monoclonal antibody inhibits the proliferation of the IRF-producing 1246-3A cells, suggesting that these cells are dependent on the secreted IRF for growth in culture. We conclude that the insulin-related factor secreted by the insulin-independent 1246-3A cells stimulates their proliferation in an autocrine fashion.
High Level Expression of Wild Type and Variant Mouse Glucocorticoid Receptors in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells (1990)

We have isolated Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines expressing elevated levels of wild-type (W) and mutant forms of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) using the technique of coamplification with a selectable dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) cDNA. A prominent doublet at 90/92 kilodaltons was observed by Western blotting or labeling with [3H]-dexamethasone mesylate in extracts from cells transfected with W, the hormone binding mutant (NA), and the DNA binding mutant (NB). Quantification of receptor number by [3H]dexamethasone binding revealed the presence of approximately 10(6) receptors per cell in the W and NB-producing lines. This represents a 25- to 50-fold increase in receptor density over control CHO cells which were not transfected with GR. Comparative quantitation by Western blotting of extracts from cells expressing GR showed that cells producing NA contain a level approximately 500-fold over control CHO cells. Function of the amptified receptors was examined by transient transfection with the glucocorticoid-responsive reporter plasmid pMMTV-chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT). Our results indicate that inducible CAT activity increases with the abundance of W receptor and no evidence of saturability was observed even at the highest levels of receptor. This supports previous suggestions that the concentration of the hormone-regulated transcription factor is definitely limiting with regard to maximal transcription efficiency. Interestingly, cells expressing even highly amplified levels of NA-GR or NB-GR showed no inducible response above that seen with control CHO cells. Thus these mutations are exceedingly nonleaky and are not dominant over the low endogenous activity of the CHO GR.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Inhibition of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Reduces Endometriotic Implant Size in Mice with Experimentally Induced Disease (2011)

Aim Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a cytokine whose expression is elevated in endometriotic tissue from women with the disease but the functional role of this factor in the pathogenesis of the disease is uncertain. The objective of the current study was to examine the role of MIF in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Method Experimental endometriosis was induced in mice and the ability of the MIF antagonist, ISO-1, to reduce endometriotic implant size was assessed. Results Administration of ISO-1 resulted in a significant reduction in implant size and vascularity (as assessed by Flk1 mRNA expression) which was not associated with an alteration in the reproductive cycle. Conclusion These data suggest that inhibition of MIF activity is associated with a significant reduction in endometriotic implant size and leads us to speculate that a similar approach of targeting MIF may prove useful in treating endometriosis in humans.
Silicon-based electro-optic modulators for linear and nonlinear radio-over-fiber applications (2012)

The potential of silicon-based electro-optic modulators for enabling high performance radio-over-fiber applications is demonstrated. Two different applications taking advantage of the linear and nonlinear regime of silicon modulators are investigated. A ring-assisted Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) is firstly investigated for RF analog transmission. QPSK and 16-QAM electrical signals are modulated on a 1 GHz RF carrier with an error vector magnitude lower than 10% for a symbol rate of 20Msymbols/s. A MZM enhanced via slow-light propagation is secondly investigated for photonic mixing applications. A 10Msymbol/s QPSK signal at 1GHz RF frequency is successfully up-converted to 10.25GHz with low conversion losses ~7dB.
Modeling and Simulation of Parameter Vector Random Processes in Mechanical Structures. (2016)

Abstract not provided.
Gas Evolution at Porous Electrodes (2016)

Porous electrodes for PEM electrolyser and fuel cell technologies are optimized primarily to provide a high specific surface area for the desired electrochemical reactions. However, the increase in surface area comes at the cost of increased voltage losses due to the transport of reactant and product species through the porous medium. In gas evolving electrolyzer electrodes, the formation and transport of gas bubbles plays an important role: on the one hand, gas in the pores replaces the electrolyte phase, thus hindering ion transport and reducing the effective ionic conductivity in the porous electrode; on the other hand, gas bubbles cover and deactivate a portion of the internal surface area. The impacts of gas formation and removal must be accounted for in the design of electrolyzer electrodes. The focus of the presented work is on the fundamental understanding of the relationships between structure, properties and performance of porous gas-evolving electrodes. The approach combines a macro-scale performance model of the electrode with a micro-scale model of gas evolution. At the macro-scale, a classic porous electrode model describes the transport of ions, electrons and produced oxygen using effective medium theory and accounting for the gas phase volume and distribution. The micro-scale model describes the formation and growth of gas bubbles based on chemical energy considerations. It can explain the experimentally found high oversaturation that is necessary to nucleate bubbles [1]. Additionally, the size of the bubble nucleus in the experiment was estimated. The model was used to study the influence of structural parameters on the operation of porous electrodes and to establish guidelines for an enhanced electrode design. It was found that the transport regime of the dissolved gas, viz. diffusion control vs. transfer control at the liquid-gas interface, determines the bubble growth law. Applications of the model to gas evolving porous electrodes in electrolyzers with liquid electrolyte as well as polymer electrolyte electrolyzers (PEEC) will be discussed. [1] Chen, Q., Luo, L. and White, H. S. Electrochemical generation of a hydrogen bubble at a recessed platinum nanopore electrode. Langmuir 31, 4573–4581 (2015). Figure 1: Bubble growth on an artificial nucleation site at 20 mA/cm 2 . Comparison of model results with experimental data from C. Brussieux et al., Electrochimica Acta 56 (2011) 7194-7201. Deviation at large bubble radii due to deformation of the bubbles before detachment, which is neglected in the model. Figure 1
Supplementary Figures 1-6, Table 1B, 2, 4-6 from Cancer-Related Epigenome Changes Associated with Reprogramming to Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (2023)

Supplementary Figures 1-6, Table 1B, 2, 4-6 from Cancer-Related Epigenome Changes Associated with Reprogramming to Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Supervision and Motion Planning for a Mobile Manipulator Interacting with Humans (2014)

Human Robot collaborative task achievement requires adap-ted tools and algorithms for both decision making and mo-tion computation. The human presence as well as its be-havior must be considered and actively monitored at the decisional level for the robot to produce synchronized and adapted behavior. Additionally, having a human within the robot range of action introduces security constraints as well as comfort considerations which must be taken into ac-count at the motion planning and control level. This pa-per presents a robotic architecture adapted to human robot interaction and focuses on two tools: a human aware ma-nipulation planner and a supervision system dedicated to collaborative task achievement.
Evaluation of Truly Passive Crossbar Memory Arrays on Short Flow Characterization Vehicle Test Chips (2019)

More and more non volatile memory bit cell candidates are emerging which can be implemented between two metal layers in the BEOL process. Thus, short flow Characterization Vehicle® (CV®) Test Chips become beneficial for fast yield and endurance learning cycles. However, providing high observability of tail bits with ppm resolution requires access to more than just one bit cell per pad to be economically viable. Since, there are no FEOL switches available to address the bit cells we are evaluating truly Passive Crossbar Memory Arrays (PCMA) to significantly improve the bit per area ratio. Experimental results confirm successful memory operation based on fast parallel pulse testing. Design guidelines are presented to balance array size, signal to noise ratio, and test time.
Chemical Compostion Analysis on Sintered Gold and Platinum Nanoparticles (2000)

Abstract Nanoparticles continue to attract interests because they fall into intermediate stage between molecular and macroscopic materials. Due to their large surface-to-volume ratio, nanoparticles exhibit physical and chemical properties that differ markedly from those characterizing the bulk solid state. One example is the phase diagram of a nanomaterial. Because nanocrystals display clear changes in both the thermodynamics and the kinetics of phase transitions, we expect different solubility limits in the nanometer regime. This means that phases unstable or unobserved in extended solids may be prepared as nanocrystals. We synthesized Au and Pt nanoparticles and performed chemical analysis on the sintered agglomerates. The colloidal Au and Pt particles were synthesized according to Turkevich's method. An aqueous AuCl3 solution (50mg Au/L) was heated to 70°C. A determined amount of lwt% aqueous sodium citrate dihydrate (Na3C6H5O7.2H2O) solution was added such that the citrate-to-Au mass ratio was 10.
Constitutive Expression of Small Subunit Ribosomal RNA Transcripts in Cryptosporidium parvum Oocysts and Intracellular Stages (1999)

As in other apicomplexan protozoa, the ribosomal genes of Cryptosporidium parvum are present in small number and dispersed on several chromosomes. Two types of ribosomal small subunit genes have been identified in bovine isolates by sequencing and sequence-specific polymerase chain reaction. Using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, ribosomal gene expression was investigated in C. parvum oocysts and intracellular stages grown in tissue culture. In a calf-propageted C. parvum isolate, extra and intracellular stages expressed 2 types of transcripts. This observation contrasts with the differential expression of rRNA, genes in malaria species. Analysis of ribosomal gene expression in oocysts of a different genotype indicates that some C. parvum isolates express only l type of small subunit ribosomal RNA. These observations highlight fundamental differences in ribosomal gene expression among apicomplexan protozoa and within the species C. parvum and support the view that differential expression in malaria is an adaptation to a dixeneous life cycle.
Mobile ad hoc wireless networks (2004)

As the name “ad hoc” indicates, an ad hoc network is a wireless network designed to satisfy a “special purpose” application, often of short duration. An ad hoc network must be deployed rapidly and is frequently reconfigured to adjust to changes. The temporary nature and the high rate of change set the ad hoc network apart from other more permanent wireless structures such as urban mesh networks or environmental sensor networks. A prime example of an ad hoc environment is the battlefield. It is no surprise that much of the early work on ad hoc nets was supported by the Department of Defense, through the DARPA Packet Radio program that began just a couple of years after the introduction of the ARPANET. Civilian applications (natural disaster management, homeland defense, etc.) have followed closely the military model and in fact share many of its requirements. Commercial applications have just begun to emerge, in most cases as “opportunistic extensions” of the network infrastructure (wired or wireless). One promising commercial application is car-to-car ad hoc networking. The vehicular network application is in part propelled by the Department of Transportation plan to develop a “standard” vehicular radio architecture — DSRC (Digital Short Range Communications) — for navigation safety. Once the radio is installed on each car for a civilian purpose (e.g., safe driving), one can speculate that a number of commercial applications will rapidly spring up. Most of the vehicle applications will revolve around wireless Internet access; but, some will be based on fully distributed applications, e.g., car-to-car file sharing and games. Besides vehicular ad hoc networking, other commercial applications are now emerging which include multihop extensions of the urban “mesh networks” to mobile momentarily out of reach. This trend is fueled by the proliferation of IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN products and services together with development of ad hoc protocol standards in IETF MANET.
Reducing glycosphingolipid biosynthesis in airway cells partially ameliorates disease manifestations in a mouse model of asthma (2010)

Lipid rafts reportedly play an important role in modulating the activation of mast cells and granulocytes, the primary effector cells of airway hyperresponsiveness and asthma. Activation is mediated through resident signaling molecules whose activity, in part, may be modulated by the composition of glycosphingolipids (GSLs) in membrane rafts. In this study, we evaluated the impact of inhibiting GSL biosynthesis in mast cells and in the ovalbumin (OVA)-induced mouse model of asthma using either a small molecule inhibitor or anti-sense oligonucleotides (ASOs) directed against specific enzymes in the GSL pathway. Lowering GSL levels in mast cells through inhibition of glucosylceramide synthase (GCS) reduced phosphorylation of Syk tyrosine kinase and phospholipase C gamma 2 (PLC-gamma2) as well as cytoplasmic Ca(2+) levels. Modulating these intracellular signaling events also resulted in a significant decrease in mast cell degranulation. Primary mast cells isolated from a GM3 synthase (GM3S) knockout mouse exhibited suppressed activation-induced degranulation activity further supporting a role of GSLs in this process. In previously OVA-sensitized mice, intra-nasal administration of ASOs to GCS, GM3S or lactosylceramide synthase (LCS) significantly suppressed metacholine-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and pulmonary inflammation to a subsequent local challenge with OVA. However, administration of the ASOs into mice that had been sensitized and locally challenged with the allergen did not abate the consequent pulmonary inflammatory sequelae. These results suggest that GSLs contribute to the initiation phase of the pathogenesis of airway hyperreactivity and asthma and lowering GSL levels may offer a novel strategy to modulate these manifestations.
Human–Computer Integration: Towards Integrating the Human Body with the Computational Machine (2022)

Human-Computer Integration (HInt) is an emerging paradigm in the human-computer interaction (HCI) field. Its goal is to integrate the human body and the computational machine. Because HInt is not an isolated area of research, the authors draw upon discussions from related perspectives, including cybernetics, augmentation, cyborgs, and wearables. While these prior works provide a basis for HInt, and some of their associated challenges also apply to HInt, the authors focus on articulating the HInt challenges that are of particular relevance to HCI. The monograph makes three contributions: First, the authors apply two key dimensions from psychology – bodily agency and bodily ownership – to enhance our understanding of HInt systems. Second, they use these two dimensions to provide new perspectives on user integration experiences and to develop an integration systems design space. Third, they use the design space and its two dimensions to articulate HInt’s key challenges and group these challenges into four areas: design, society, identity, and technology. Ultimately, the work aims to facilitate a more structured investigation into human body and computational machine integration.
Frequency-Resolved Optical Gating Recovery via Smoothing Gradient (2019)

Frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG) is a popular technique for complete characterization of ultrashort laser pulses. The acquired data in FROG, called FROG trace, is the Fourier magnitude of the product of the unknown pulse with a time-shifted version of itself, for several different shifts. To estimate the pulse from the FROG trace, we propose an algorithm that minimizes a smoothed non-convex least-squares objective function. The method consists of two steps. First, we approximate the pulse by an iterative spectral algorithm. Then, the attained initialization is refined based upon a sequence of block stochastic gradient iterations. The algorithm is theoretically simple, numerically scalable, and easy-to-implement. Empirically, our approach outperforms the state-of-the-art when the FROG trace is incomplete, that is, when only few shifts are recorded. Simulations also suggest that the proposed algorithm exhibits similar computational cost compared to a state-of-the-art technique for both complete and incomplete data. In addition, we prove that in the vicinity of the true solution, the algorithm converges to a critical point. A Matlab implementation is publicly available at https://github.com/samuelpinilla/FROG.
An efficient tdma based mac frame structure in ofdm systems (2004)

The general frame structure of current orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems is based on the reservation-based time division multiple access (TDMA). The TDMA frame consists of a number of bursts, which are the transmission formats of the physical layer. Since the OFDM/TDMA uses broad bandwidth consisting of a large number of narrow bands, even the size assignment for the smallest burst is so large that a good throughput cannot be expected where a fine granularity is required. In this paper, we suggest an idea to obtain fine granularity effectively and to improve the system throughput greatly.
The cache-coherence protocol of the data diffusion machine (1990)

The Data Diffusion Machine (DDM) is a scalable shared memory multiprocessor in which the location of a datum in the machine is completely decoupled from its address. A data access "snooping" protocol provides an automatic duplication and migration of the data to wherever needed. The protocol also handles data coherence and replacement. The hardware organization consists of a hierarchy of buses and data controllers linking an arbitrary number of processors each having a large set-associative memory. Each data controller has a set-associative directory containing status bits for data under its control. The rest of the system appears to one processor like shared memory system, which makes the DDM a general architecture. The DDM is scalable in that there may be any number of levels in the hierarchy. The logical topmost bus (or any other bus) can be implemented by an unlimited number of physical buses removing an anticipated bottleneck.
Large-scale and high-speed interconnection of multiple FDDIs using ATM-based backbone LAN (1992)

The authors discuss problems related to the bridging method between the asynchronous transfer mode (ATM)-based high-speed multimedia backbone local area network (MBLAN) and a fiber distributed data interface (FDDI), especially the filtering database (FDB) construction method for filtering of frames. The problems are achieving high performance, correspondence to a large-scale system, and prevention of broadcast. The FDB construction method was evaluated based on these problems. Through the evaluation, it was noted that the FDB learning failure rate must be below 10/sup -3/ and a frame filtering process when relaying frames from the MBLAN to an FDDI is not necessary. An FDB access method is proposed. By using a multiple hashing algorithm for the FDB access, the proposed method makes it possible to deal with all terminal addresses, even in a large-scale network system that includes tens of thousands of terminals or more, and also enables high-speed filtering/forwarding of frames between terminals. Both the entry search speed and an effective number of entries in the entry table can be adapted to the requirements of an application by changing the maximum number of hashing times.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Efficient On-Chip Learning for Optical Neural Networks Through Power-Aware Sparse Zeroth-Order Optimization (2020)

Optical neural networks (ONNs) have demonstrated record-breaking potential in high-performance neuromorphic computing due to their ultra-high execution speed and low energy consumption. However, current learning protocols fail to provide scalable and efficient solutions to photonic circuit optimization in practical applications. In this work, we propose a novel on-chip learning framework to release the full potential of ONNs for power-efficient in situ training. Instead of deploying implementation-costly back-propagation, we directly optimize the device configurations with computation budgets and power constraints. We are the first to model the ONN on-chip learning as a resource-constrained stochastic noisy zeroth-order optimization problem, and propose a novel mixed-training strategy with two-level sparsity and power-aware dynamic pruning to offer a scalable on-chip training solution in practical ONN deployment. Compared with previous methods, we are the first to optimize over 2,500 optical components on chip. We can achieve much better optimization stability, 3.7x-7.6x higher efficiency, and save &gt;90% power under practical device variations and thermal crosstalk.