gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
FrozenQubits: Boosting Fidelity of QAOA by Skipping Hotspot Nodes (2023)

Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is one of the leading candidates for demonstrating the quantum advantage using near-term quantum computers. Unfortunately, high device error rates limit us from reliably running QAOA circuits for problems with more than a few qubits. In QAOA, the problem graph is translated into a quantum circuit such that every edge corresponds to two 2-qubit CNOT operations in each layer of the circuit. As CNOTs are extremely error-prone, the fidelity of QAOA circuits is dictated by the number of edges in the problem graph.
Ocular Telehealth Screenings in an Urban Community (2012)

The current U.S. economic recession has resulted in a loss of income, housing, and healthcare coverage. Our major goal in this socioeconomic setting was to provide ophthalmic remote health screenings for urban soup kitchen and homeless populations in order to identify and refer undetected vision-threatening disease (VTD). We assessed visual acuity, blood pressure, pulse/oxygen saturation, body mass index, and intraocular pressure for 341 participants at soup kitchens as part of the homeless outreach program in Newark, NJ. History of diabetes, hypertension, and smoking, last ocular examination, and ocular history were noted. Imaging was performed with an 8.2 megapixel non-mydriatic retinal camera with high-speed Internet ready for off-site second opinion image evaluation. Positive VTD findings were identified in 105 participants (31%) (mean age, 53.6 years), of whom 78% were African American, 73% males, and 62% smokers. We detected glaucoma in 34 participants (32%), significant cataract in 22 (21%), diabetic retinopathy in 5 (5%), optic atrophy in 1 (1%), age-related macular degeneration in 1 (1%), and other retinal findings in 43 (41%). The incidence of VTDs was higher among this cohort than among study groups in previous screenings (31% vs. 12%). This finding shows an increase in ocular morbidity in a younger, at-risk population with elevated rates of hypertension, diabetes, and smoking. Functional visual impairment was 2.5 times higher than the national average (16% vs. 6.4%). Comprehensive, community-based screenings can provide more sensitive detection of VTDs in high-risk groups with low access to ophthalmic care and can be an integral part of recession solutions for improving healthcare.
Presynaptic congenital myasthenic syndrome due to quantal release deficiency (2001)

This form of CMS appears to result only from a deficiency of the quantal release of neurotransmitter that may be due to an abnormal calcium mechanism or impaired endocytosis and recycling of synaptic vesicles.
Antimicrobial Activity, Cytotoxicity and Inflammatory Response of Novel Plastics Embedded with Silver Nanoparticles (2013)

Plastics embedded with AgNPs have great potential to limit microbial colonization of implanted medical devices.
The Principle of Diversity: Training Stronger Vision Transformers Calls for Reducing All Levels of Redundancy (2022)

Vision transformers (ViTs) have gained increasing popularity as they are commonly believed to own higher mod-eling capacity and representation flexibility, than traditional convolutional networks. However, it is questionable whether such potential has been fully unleashed in prac-tice, as the learned ViTs often suffer from over-smoothening, yielding likely redundant models. Recent works made pre-liminary attempts to identify and alleviate such redundancy, e.g., via regularizing embedding similarity or re-injecting convolution-like structures. However, a “head-to-toe as-sessment” regarding the extent of redundancy in ViTs, and how much we could gain by thoroughly mitigating such, has been absent for this field. This paper, for the first time, systematically studies the ubiquitous existence of re-dundancy at all three levels: patch embedding, attention map, and weight space. In view of them, we advocate a principle of diversity for training ViTs, by presenting cor-responding regularizers that encourage the representation diversity and coverage at each of those levels, that enabling capturing more discriminative information. Extensive ex-periments on ImageNet with a number of ViT backbones validate the effectiveness of our proposals, largely eliminating the observed ViT redundancy and significantly boosting the model generalization. For example, our diversified DeiT obtains 0.70% ~ 1.76% accuracy boosts on ImageNet with highly reduced similarity. Our codes are fully available in https://github.com/VITA-Group/Diverse-ViT.
Semiconductor quantum dots: Technological progress and future challenges (2021)

In quantum-confined semiconductor nanostructures, electrons exhibit distinctive behavior compared with that in bulk solids. This enables the design of materials with tunable chemical, physical, electrical, and optical properties. Zero-dimensional semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) offer strong light absorption and bright narrowband emission across the visible and infrared wavelengths and have been engineered to exhibit optical gain and lasing. These properties are of interest for imaging, solar energy harvesting, displays, and communications. Here, we offer an overview of advances in the synthesis and understanding of QD nanomaterials, with a focus on colloidal QDs, and discuss their prospects in technologies such as displays and lighting, lasers, sensing, electronics, solar energy conversion, photocatalysis, and quantum information.
Human Vault Nanoparticle Targeted Delivery of Antiretroviral Drugs to Inhibit Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection (2019)

"Vaults" are ubiquitously expressed endogenous ribonucleoprotein nanoparticles with potential utility for targeted drug delivery. Here, we show that recombinant human vault nanoparticles are readily engulfed by certain key human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), predominately dendritic cells, monocytes/macrophages, and activated T cells. As these cell types are the primary targets for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, we examined the utility of recombinant human vaults for targeted delivery of antiretroviral drugs. We chemically modified three different antiretroviral drugs, zidovudine, tenofovir, and elvitegravir, for direct conjugation to vaults. Tested in infection assays, drug-conjugated vaults inhibited HIV-1 infection of PBMC with equivalent activity to free drugs, indicating vault delivery and drug release in the cytoplasm of HIV-1-susceptible cells. The ability to deliver functional drugs via vault nanoparticle conjugates suggests their potential utility for targeted drug delivery against HIV-1.
Dependable connection setup for network capabilities (2010)

Network-layer capabilities offer strong protection against link flooding by authorizing individual flows with unforgeable credentials (i.e., capabilities). However, the capability-setup channel is vulnerable to flooding attacks that prevent legitimate clients from acquiring capabilities; i.e., in Denial of Capability (DoC) attacks. Based on the observation that the distribution of attack sources in the current Internet is highly non-uniform, we provide a router-level scheme that confines the effects of DoC attacks to specified locales or neighborhoods (e.g., one or more administrative domains of the Internet). Our scheme provides precise access guarantees for capability schemes, even in the face of flooding attacks. The effectiveness of our scheme is evaluated by ns2 simulations under different attack scenarios.
Back in Black: Towards Formal, Black Box Analysis of Sanitizers and Filters (2016)

We tackle the problem of analyzing filter and sanitizer programs remotely, i.e. given only the ability to query the targeted program and observe the output. We focus on two important and widely used program classes: regular expression (RE) filters and string sanitizers. We demonstrate that existing tools from machine learning that are available for analyzing RE filters, namely automata learning algorithms, require a very large number of queries in order to infer real life RE filters. Motivated by this, we develop the first algorithm that infers symbolic representations of automata in the standard membership/equivalence query model. We show that our algorithm provides an improvement of x15 times in the number of queries required to learn real life XSS and SQL filters of popular web application firewall systems such as mod-security and PHPIDS. % Active learning algorithms require the usage of an equivalence oracle, i.e. an oracle that tests the equivalence of a hypothesis with the target machine. We show that when the goal is to audit a target filter with respect to a set of attack strings from a context free grammar, i.e. find an attack or infer that none exists, we can use the attack grammar to implement the equivalence oracle with a single query to the filter. Our construction finds on average 90% of the target filter states when no attack exists and is very effective in finding attacks when they are present. For the case of string sanitizers, we show that existing algorithms for inferring sanitizers modelled as Mealy Machines are not only inefficient, but lack the expressive power to be able to infer real life sanitizers. We design two novel extensions to existing algorithms that allow one to infer sanitizers represented as single-valued transducers. Our algorithms are able to infer many common sanitizer functions such as HTML encoders and decoders. Furthermore, we design an algorithm to convert the inferred models into BEK programs, which allows for further applications such as cross checking different sanitizer implementations and cross compiling sanitizers into different languages supported by the BEK backend. We showcase the power of our techniques by utilizing our black-box inference algorithms to perform an equivalence checking between different HTML encoders including the encoders from Twitter, Facebook and Microsoft Outlook email, for which no implementation is publicly available.
Prospective Validation of Raman Spectroscopy Algorithms for the Diagnosis of Breast Cancer (2010)

Prospective validation of a new algorithm is crucial for clinical implementation as a diagnostic tool. A previously developed Raman diagnostic algorithm was successfully tested prospectively on 48 patients, resulting in sensitivity, specificity and negative predictive value of 78%, 98%, and 98%, respectively.
Structure–Function Analysis of Cf-9, a Receptor-Like Protein with Extracytoplasmic Leucine-Rich Repeatsw (2005)

The tomato (Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium) resistance protein Cf-9 belongs to a large class of plant proteins with extracytoplasmic Leu-rich repeats (eLRRs). eLRR proteins play key roles in plant defense and development, mainly as receptor-like proteins or receptor-like kinases, conferring recognition of various pathogen molecules and plant hormones. We report here a large-scale structure-function analysis of an eLRR protein. A total of 66 site-directed mutants of Cf-9 were analyzed for activity in Avr9 recognition and for protein stability and the results interpreted with the help of a homology model of the Cf-9 structure. Conserved Trp and Cys pairs in the N-terminal LRR-flanking domain appear to be important for Cf-9 activity and are probably exposed at the putative concave inner surface of the Cf-9 protein, where recognition specificity also resides. Removal of each of the 22 putative N-linked glycosylation sites (PGS) revealed that many PGSs contribute to Cf-9 activity and that the PGSs in the putative alpha-helices of the LRR modules are essential. Immunoblot analysis and mass spectrometry showed that all but one of the PGSs are N-glycosylated. Introduction of glycosylation at the putative concave beta-sheet surface blocks Cf-9 activity, in some cases probably by disturbing specific recognition, and in another case by steric hindrance with existing N-glycans. The glycosylation pattern and several other features are conserved in other eLRR proteins, where similar mutations show similar phenotypes.
Characterization of a compartment syndrome–like injury model (2014)

We describe a novel CS-like injury model and a novel method to measure ICP, which could potentially be used to develop innovative therapies to manage CS injury in patients.
Mitochondria on the move: emerging paradigms of organelle trafficking in tumour plasticity and metastasis (2017)

There is now a resurgent interest in the role of mitochondria in cancer. Long considered controversial or outright unimportant, mitochondrial biology is now increasingly recognised as an important tumour driver. The underlying mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. But recent studies have uncovered a complex landscape where reprogramming of mitochondrial homoeostasis, including organelle dynamics, metabolic output, apoptosis control and redox status converge to promote tumour adaptation to an unfavourable microenvironment and inject new traits of aggressive disease. In particular, mechanisms of subcellular mitochondrial trafficking have unexpectedly emerged as central regulators of metastatic competence in disparate tumours. Some of these pathways are druggable, opening fresh therapeutic opportunities for advanced and disseminated disease.
Noninvasive Quantification of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Type 1 with [11C]ITDM: a Small-Animal PET Study (2014)

Because of its role in multiple central nervous system (CNS) pathways, metabotropic glutamate receptor type 1 (mGluR1) is a crucial target in the development of pharmaceuticals for CNS disorders. N-[4-[6-(isopropylamino)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]-N-methyl-4-[(11)C]-methylbenzamide ([(11)C]ITDM) was recently developed as a positron emission tomography (PET) ligand for mGluR1. To devise a method for measurement of the binding potential (BPND) of [(11)C]ITDM to mGluR1, reference tissue methods aimed at replacing measurement of the arterial input function are desirable. In this study, we evaluated a noninvasive quantification method of mGluR1 with [(11)C]ITDM, demonstrating its accuracy using Huntington disease model R6/2 mice. The BPND measurements based on the Logan reference (Logan Ref) method have closely approximated that based on the arterial input method. We performed PET analysis with Logan Ref to assess its accuracy in quantifying the decline of mGluR1 expression in R6/2 mice. Significant decreases in BPND values in R6/2 mice were detected in cerebellum, thalamus, striatum, and cingulate cortex. We compared autoradiographs of R6/2 mouse brain sections with immunohistochemical images, and found a close correlation between changes in radioactive signal intensity and degree of mGluR1 expression. In conclusion, [(11)C]ITDM-PET is a promising tool for in vivo quantification of mGluR1 expression.
Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli (2014)

This chapter discusses the emergence and impact of shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in human disease, the biology of the Shiga toxins (Stx) family, and approaches to diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of infection with STEC. The occurrence of the seminal STEC outbreaks highlighted the need to implement laboratory methods to readily detect E. coli O157:H7. Although early characterization of STEC strains was made possible by Whittam's multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE) method, genetic techniques now allow comparison of strains at the nucleotide level. The current model of the predominant pathway by which Stx intoxicates sensitive cells is as follows: (i) the B pentamer of holotoxin binds to Gb3 within lipid rafts; (ii) the entire receptor-holotoxin complex is endocytosed; (iii) the complex moves by retrograde transport to the Golgi and then to the endoplasmic reticulum; and (iv) the A1 subunit is released into the cytoplasm, where it targets the ribosome. Although transduction of stx genes into E. coli via bacteriophages was crucial to the emergence of STEC, the biology of these toxin-converting phages also contributes significantly to the degree of toxin expression and hence the virulence exhibited by STEC. Although the pathogenicity of various STEC strains that synthesize different types of Stx2 cannot be compared directly because the strains are not isogenic, the authors have found that an O91 strain that produces Stx2 is not virulent in the streptomycin-treated mouse model for STEC infection, whereas O91 strains that produce Stx2d-activatable are highly virulent in those mice.
329: Muscle Progenitor Cells for the Restoration of Irreversibly Damaged Sphincter Function: A Pre-Clinicalstudy (2006)

You have accessJournal of UrologyDiscussed Poster, Sunday, May 21, 2006, 1:00 - 4:00 pm1 Apr 2006329: Muscle Progenitor Cells for the Restoration of Irreversibly Damaged Sphincter Function: A Pre-Clinicalstudy Daniel Eberli, James J. Yoo, Shay Saker, and Anthony Atala Daniel EberliDaniel Eberli More articles by this author , James J. YooJames J. Yoo More articles by this author , Shay SakerShay Saker More articles by this author , and Anthony AtalaAnthony Atala More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(18)32585-0AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "329: Muscle Progenitor Cells for the Restoration of Irreversibly Damaged Sphincter Function: A Pre-Clinicalstudy." The Journal of Urology, 175(4S), pp. 107–108 © 2016 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 175Issue 4SApril 2006Page: 107-108 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Daniel Eberli More articles by this author James J. Yoo More articles by this author Shay Saker More articles by this author Anthony Atala More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
anti‐Atherogenic Effects of 3,4‐Dihydroxy Hydrocinnamides. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
HOM Power Generation and Propagation in the PEP II Rings (1997)

Most of the HOM power that propagates in the PEP-II rings is generated in the RF cavities but its content in terms of TE and TM components has not been accurately determined. For purpose of estimating power deposition at the cavity HOM loads, and also of shielding beamline components such as bellows from TE power penetration, this HOM power content and its distribution profile around the rings are needed. We calculate the TE and TM contributions of the RF cavity to the circulating HOM power and their transmission properties at another cavity downstream. By taking into account the generation in, and scattering by the cavities, as well as the attenuation along the vacuum chamber, a realistic estimate of the HOM power propagating out of a RF station is obtained. The formulation can include the HOM contributions of other beamline components such as collimators.
Platinum Group Metals and Compounds (2018)

The article contains sections titled: 1 History 2 Properties 3 Occurrence 3.1 Abundance 3.2 Ores and Their Origin 3.3 Primary Deposits 3.4 Secondary Deposits 3.5 Recovery of Secondary Platinum GroupMetals 3.6 Reserves and Resources 4 Mineral Dressing and Beneficiation 4.1 Treatment of Alluvial Platinum Deposits 4.2 Treatment of Primary Deposits 4.3 Treatment of Nickel Ores 4.4 Treatment of Metal Scrap 4.5 Treatment of Dross 4.6 Treatment of Supported Catalysts 18 4.7 Treatment of Solutions 5 DissolutionMethods 5.1 Dissolution in Aqua Regia 5.2 Dissolution in Hydrochloric Acid-Chlorine 5.3 Dissolution in Hydrochloric Acid-Bromine 5.4 Other Dissolution Processes 5.5 Dissolution by Salt Fusion 6 Separation of Platinum Group Metals 6.1 Chemistry of Platinum Group Metal Separation 6.2 Older Separation Processes 6.3 Current Separation Processes 6.4 Processes Used in Coarse Separation 6.5 Purification 6.6 Conversion of Salts to Metals 6.7 Partial Purification 6.8 Treatment of Internally Recycled Material 6.9 Construction Materials 7 Platinum Group Metal Compounds 7.1 Inorganic Compounds 7.1.1 Platinum Compounds 7.1.2 Palladium Compounds 7.1.3 Rhodium Compounds 7.1.4 Iridium Compounds 7.1.5 Ruthenium Compounds 7.1.6 Osmium Compounds 7.2 Organic Compounds 8 Alloys 8.1 Alloy Systems 8.2 Special Alloys 8.3 Methods of Treatment 9 Quality Specifications and Analysis 9.1 Quality Specifications 9.2 Qualitative Analysis 9.3 Quantitative Analysis 9.4 Purity Analysis 9.5 Trace Analysis 10 Uses 10.1 Jewelry, Coinage, and Investment 49 10.2 Apparatus 10.3 Heterogeneous Catalysts 10.4 Fuel Cells 10.5 Homogeneous Catalysts 10.6 Automotive Emission Control Catalysts 10.7 Sensors 10.8 Electrical Technology 10.9 Electronics 10.10 Coatings 10.10.1 Coatings Produced by Electrolysis 10.10.2 Coatings Produced by Chemical Reaction 10.10.3 Coatings Produced by Physical Methods 10.11 Dental Materials 10.12 Medical Uses 11 Economic Aspects 11.1 Supply 11.2 Demand 11.3 Prices 11.4 Commercial Aspects 12 Toxicology References
Characterization of GaAs/AlxGa1−xAs multiple quantum well infrared detector structures using photoreflectance (1992)

Photoreflectance (PR) spectroscopy at 295 K was used to characterize GaAs/AlxGa1−xAs multiple quantum well (MQW) 10 μm infrared detector structures. From PR measurements of a representative structure, GaAs/Al0.20Ga0.80As, at different positions, the aluminum fractions were found to vary negligibly across the sample, while the variation in band-to-band MQW transition energies and E0 alloy linewidths was appreciable. The measured interband transitions of several structures designed for x=0.28 were then compared to the results of envelope-function calculations. Good agreement was found between measured and theoretical interband transitions for both heavy and light hole-to-conduction subbands. Other features observed in the spectra may be attributed to spin-orbit splittings as well as n=2 subband to subband transitions. The dominant features in the spectra were used to access well width, composition, and peak wavelengths for the MQW detector structures. Additionally, an anomalously narrow linewidth (&amp;lt;9 meV) was observed in the room temperature E0 spectrum of an undoped AlxGa1−xAs reference sample grown on the same system as the MQW samples. The corresponding doped sample was observed to severely broaden.
Xilinx Zynq-7000 EPP: An extensible processing platform family (2011)

This article consists of a collection of slides from the author's conference presentation on the special features, system design, processing capabilities, and targeted markets for Xilinz's Zyng-7000 Extensible Processing Platform and Zync SoC device family with integrated programmable logic.
ChemInform Abstract: AN EFFICIENT GENERAL SYNTHESIS OF Ω‐OLEFINIC METHYL ESTERS (1978)

Abstract Aus den Lactonen (I) erhält man mit Phenylselenat (II) die Spaltprodukte (III), die nach Veresterung mit Diazomethan über die Selenoxide zu den Olefinen (IV) umgesetzt werden.
Isolation of a cDNA clone for the human laminin-B1 chain and its gene localization. (1987)

A cDNA clone encoding the B1 chain of human laminin has been isolated from a human endothelial cell cDNA library. With use of this probe and a panel of rodent/human somatic-cell hybrids and in situ hybridization, the gene for the human laminin-B1 chain has been localized to chromosome 7, band q31.