gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Institution of Metal–Organic Frameworks as a Highly Sensitive and Selective Layer In-Field Integrated Soil-Moisture Capacitive Sensor (2023)

The ongoing global industrialization along with the notable world population growth is projected to challenge the global environment as well as pose greater pressure on water and food needs. Foreseeably, an improved irrigation management system is essential and the quest for refined chemical sensors for soil-moisture monitoring is of tremendous importance. Nevertheless, the persisting challenge is to design and construct stable materials with the requisite sensitivity, selectivity, and high performance. Here, we report the introduction of porous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), as the receptor layer, in capacitive sensors to efficiently sense moisture in two types of soil. Namely, our study unveiled that Cr-<b>soc</b>-MOF-1 offers the best sensitivity (≈24,000 pF) among the other tested MOFs for any given range of soil-moisture content, outperforming several well-known oxide materials. The corresponding increase in the sensitivities for tested MOFs at 500 Hz are ≈450, ≈200, and ≈30% for Cr-<b>soc</b>-MOF-1, Al-ABTC-<b>soc</b>-MOF, and Zr-fum-<b>fcu</b>-MOF, respectively. Markedly, Cr-<b>soc</b>-MOF-1, with its well-known water capacity, manifests an excellent sensitivity of ≈450% in clayey soil, and the analogous response time was 500 s. The noted unique sensing properties of Cr-<b>soc</b>-MOF-1 unveils the great potential of MOFs for soil-moisture sensing application.
Persistent Servers + Ephemeral Clients = User Mobility (1997)

A large group of computer users are now mobile; they either make use of more than one computer or carry lap-top computers with them. User migration is often hindered by inadequate programming models and architectures. This paper describes an architecture which permits the user&amp;apos;s environment to migrate with them. A corner-stone of this architecture is the ability of persistent Java systems to save and restore the state of active computations. This concept is extended to permit computations to be restored on different machines thus permitting a user&amp;apos;s environment to migrate. The architecture also addresses the difficult issue of channel mobility between two migratory applications. It is therefore general enough to support arbitrary distributed mobile computations. 1 Introduction Many computer users make use of more than one computer, for example, it is common to have a computer at work and another at home. Sometimes within the workplace a user may use more than one computer,...
Efficient Techniques for Detecting and Exploiting Runtime Phases (2012)

Most applications have time-varying runtime phase behavior. For example, alternating between memory-bound and compute-bound phases. Nonetheless, the predominant approach in computer research has been to categorize an application based on its average runtime behavior. However, this can be misleading since the application may appear to be neither memory nor compute bound. In this thesis we introduce tools and techniques to enable researchers and software developers to capture the true time-varying behavior of their applications. To do so, we 1) develop an efficient technique to detect runtime phases, 2) give new insight into applications' runtime phase behaviors using this technique, and, finally, 3) explore different ways to exploit runtime phase detection. The results are ScarPhase, a low-overhead phase detection library, and three new methods for exploring applications' phase behaviors with respect to: 1) cache performance as a function of cache allocation, 2) performance when sharing cache with co-running applications, and finally, 3) performance and power as a function of processor frequency. These techniques enable us to better understand applications' performance and how to adapt different settings to runtime changes. Ultimately, this insight allow us to create new faster and more power efficient applications and runtime systems that can better handle the increasing computation demands and power constraints of tomorrow's problems.
A Distributed Data Center for Full-view Synchronous Measurement System Based on OpenPDC/ OpenHistorian (2021)

With the increasing degree of power electronics in the power system, the full-view measurement system (SYMS) realizes real-time measurement and data collection. However, the existing SYMS data center cannot adapt to the development of the next few years. To solve this problem, a distributed SYMS data center in combination with the open-source real-time phasor big data platform OpenPDC/OpenHistorian is proposed. The new-generation SYMS data center will consist of a front-end OpenPDC cluster, message-oriented middleware (MOM), OpenHistorian storage cluster and application cluster. The system has the characteristics of high availability, robust scalability and low coupling.
Studies on the Mechanism of Fibrate-Inhibited Expression of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 in Cultured Hepatocytes From Cynomolgus Monkey (1997)

Fibrates are widely used drugs in hyperlipidemic disorders. In addition to lowering serum triglyceride levels, fibrates have also been shown to reduce elevated plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) levels in vivo. We demonstrate that fibrates suppress PAI-1 synthesis in cultured cynomolgus monkey hepatocytes in a concentration-dependent way (0.1 to 1.0 mmol/L) and independent of their lipid-lowering effect. Different fibrates showed different potency in suppressing PAI-1 production: gemfibrozil and clofibric acid, at a concentration of 1 mmol/L, reduced PAI-1 synthesis over 24 hours to 52 +/- 20% and 60 +/- 5%, while clofibrate and bezafibrate lowered PAI-1 synthesis to only 86 +/- 17% and 84 +/- 15% of control values, respectively. These changes in PAI-1 production by fibrates correlated with changes in PAI-1 mRNA levels and were also visible at the level of gene transcription. Fibrates did not lower basal PAI-1 synthesis but attenuated an acceleration of PAI-1 production during culture. The suppressing effect of fibrates on PAI-1 synthesis could not be mimicked with activators or inhibitors of protein kinase C (PKC). Furthermore, fibrates did not inhibit the increase in PAI-1 synthesis induced by epidermal growth factor or transforming growth factor-beta. These results make mechanisms involving PKC modulation or growth factor receptor inactivation as a mode of action of fibrates unlikely. The suppressing effect of fibrates on PAI-1 synthesis could involve the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) and its heterodimeric partner, the retinoid X receptor (RXR). The alpha forms of PPAR and RXR were both found to be expressed in cynomolgus monkey hepatocytes. the ligand for RXR alpha, 9-cis retinoic acid, suppressed PAI-1 synthesis to the same extent as gemfibrozil, while a combination of gemfibrozil and 9-cis retinoic acid had no more effect on PAI-1 synthesis than any of these compounds alone at optimal concentrations. In conclusion, fibrates downregulate an induced PAI-1 production in cynomolgus monkey hepatocytes independent of a decrease in triglyceride levels. A possible involvement of PPAR alpha/RXR alpha in this down-regulation is discussed.
Correlation Of Nitride Spacer Plasma Damage Results From Conventional Gate Capacitor Electrical Tests And A New, Non-contact Approach (1997)

For gate oxide thickness of 60A or less, plasma-induced charging during the nitride spacer etch becomes a concem. These thin oxides can become damaged through the collection of charge by polysilicon conducting layers, leading to degraded breakdown characteristics and reduced reliability.( 1,2) In addition, it has been shown that plasma damage can lead to hot carrier-induced failure of pMOSFETs.(3) Since the amount of plasma induced charging is related to plasma nonuniformity, it is effected by etch process variables such as pressure, DC Bias voltage and the presence of a magnetic field. In some cases, process condtions that achieve the highest nitride to oxide etch rate selectivity (and are most resistant to oxide punchthru), also lead to the greatest amount of plasma damage. In this paper, we will discuss experiments that examine the nitride spacer etch and the amount of gate oxide damage caused by this process. The measurement techniques that were used to quantify the amount of plasma damage were the electrical testing of large area, gate capacitor structures and the SDI Plasma Damage Monitor (PDM) tool. The SDI PDM tool measures the surface charge on blanket oxide monitor wafers that are exposed to plasma processing. A correlation was then made between the amount of surface charge and the results of gate capacitor tests made on full electrical lots.
Cell-permeable Carboxyl-terminal p27Kip1 Peptide Exhibits Anti-tumor Activity by Inhibiting Pim-1 Kinase (2010)

The incidence and death rate of prostate cancer is increasing rapidly. In addition, the low sensitivity of prostate cancer to chemotherapy makes it difficult to treat this condition. The serine/threonine kinase Pim-1 plays an important role in cell cycle progression and apoptosis inhibition, resulting in prostate tumorigenesis. Therefore, Pim-1 inhibition has been expected to be an attractive target for developing new anti-cancer drugs. However, no small compounds targeting Pim-1 have progressed to clinical use because of their lack of specificity. Here, we have reported a new cell-permeable Pim-1 inhibitory p27(Kip1) peptide that could interfere with the binding of Pim-1 to its substrates and act as an anti-cancer drug. The peptide could bind to Pim-1 and inhibit phosphorylation of endogenous p27(Kip1) and Bad by Pim-1. Treatment of prostate cancer with the peptide induces G(1) arrest and subsequently apoptosis in vitro. However, the peptide showed almost no growth inhibitory or apoptosis-inducing effects in normal cells. The peptide could inhibit tumor growth in in vivo prostate cancer xenograft models. Moreover, the peptide treatment could overcome resistance to taxol, one of the first line chemotherapeutic agents for prostate cancer, and a combination of the peptide with taxol synergistically inhibited prostate cancer growth in vivo. These results indicate that a Pim-1 inhibitory p27(Kip1) peptide could be developed as an anti-cancer drug against prostate cancer.
The Role of Microdomains in Beta-Adrenoreceptor Signalling266Metoprolol induces cardiac beta-3 adrenergic receptor and Sphingosine 1 phosphate receptor 1 signals to prevent adverse Left-ventricle remodeling and dysfunction after myocardial infarction267PDE8 is a novel regulator of cAMP signaling in human atrial fibrillation268B-blocker therapy in heart failure reduces migratory and proliferative properties of primarily cultured failing cardiac fibroblasts via reduction of g protein-coupled receptor kinase-2 expression (2016)

&lt;b&gt;Background:&lt;/b&gt; β-adrenergic receptor (AR)-blockers are fore-front therapies against myocardial infarction (MI)-induced and other forms of heart failure (HF). Mechanisms accounting for these beneficial effects remain however only partially understood. In particular, due to the difference in receptor targeting and to the great variability in human HF-patients response, the specific mechanism of action of β-blockers is still under investigation. We have recently demonstrated, in an animal model of HF, that a reciprocal down-regulation occurs between β1AR and the cardioprotective sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor-1 (S1PR1). Purpose: Hence, we hypothesize that, in addition to salutary actions due to direct β1AR blockade, agents such as metoprolol improve post-MI structural and functional outcome via restored protective S1PR1 signal, and we sought to determine mechanisms accounting for this effect. &lt;b&gt;Methods and Results:&lt;/b&gt; In HEK293 cells and in in vitro cardiomyocytes, metoprolol (Meto) prevented isoproterenol (βAR agonist)-dependent S1PR1 down-regulation. Treatment of infarcted mice with Meto or S1P (one week after MI for 3 weeks) markedly ameliorated cardiac function and prevented remodeling, while preserving cardiac plasma membrane S1PR1 whose levels were down-regulated in untreated MI mice. Next, we co-infused infarcted mice with S1P and Meto, and found no additional beneficial effects. Since previous evidence attests that Meto can increase cardiac β3ARs levels and activity, and this receptor in adypocytes is responsible for S1P secretion, we measured basal and Meto-stimulated cardiac Sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1), the enzyme responsible for S1P secretion, and circulating S1P levels in β3AR KO mice. These animals displayed markedly reduced levels of both, not rescued by Meto. Importantly, the β1AR blocker did not ameliorate post-MI dysfunction in β3AR KO mice. &lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; β1-blockers enhance β3AR-signaling, promoting the secretion of S1P that, in turn, activates the S1PR1 signalling. These signalling interactions represent a previously unrecognized mechanism whereby βAR blockers prevent post-MI decompensation and adverse remodelling.
Influence of Geometry and Depth of Resections on Bone Support for Total Ankle Replacement (2017)

Biomechanical characteristics of total ankle replacement impacted by bony support of the prostheses, including implant stability and resistance to subsidence, may be improved with round resections as compared to flat-cut resections.
Extreme ultraviolet lithography: Status and prospects (2008)

Extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) using 13.5nm wavelength light is the leading candidate to succeed 193nm immersion lithography, enabling semiconductor chips with features smaller than 22nm. Several major programs worldwide have developed this technology in recent years [D. A. Tichenor et al., OSA Proceedings on Soft X-Ray Projection Lithography, edited by A. M. Hawryluk and R. H. Stuten (1993), Vol. 18, p. 79; H. Kinachita, OSA Proceedings on Soft X-Ray Projection Lithography, edited by A. M. Hawryluk and R. H Stulen (1993), Vol. 18, p. 74; J. P. H. Benschop, W. M. Kaiser, and D. C. Ockwell, Proc. SPIE 3676, 246 (1999)] and in 2006, ASML shipped the first EUV Alpha Demo tools (NA=0.25 full-field scanners) to IMEC in Belgium [A. M. Goethals et al., Proc. SPIE 6517, 651709 (2007)] and CNSE in Albany [O. Wood et al., Proc. SPIE 6517, 6517–041 (2007)], USA. Currently the development of preproduction tools with targeted shipment of 2009 is well under way. This paper discusses the most critical items for EUVL development, namely, EUV imaging and EUV sources. Furthermore, it elaborates on the necessary development of masks and resists and, for example, quantifies how resist diffusion length can impact imaging capabilities. Results obtained and lessons learned with the Alpha Demo tools are discussed, as well as potential solutions to some of the remaining challenges. Additionally, this paper explains how EUV can realize high productivity (&amp;gt;100wafers∕h) and high resolutions (&amp;lt;22nm) to continue the cost-effective shrink of semiconductors for several generations.
Cardiac CT: A system architecture study (2016)

Our results suggest that contemporary diagnostic CT system architectures outperform most other candidates that we evaluated, but the results for a few alternatives were relatively close. We selected six representative high-scoring candidates for more detailed design and further comparative evaluation.
The μ3‐(η3Cη2O) Bridge—A Novel Mode of Coordination in the Structural Chemistry of Carbonylmetal Compounds (1979)

The first carbonylniobium cluster, and also the first example of a compound with end-on and doubly side-on coordinated CO ligands [type (1)] has been obtained by the action of sunlight on the readily accessible complex (2). The structure of (3) has been confirmed by X-ray structure analysis.
Flux-Switching Permanent Magnet Machines: A Review of Opportunities and Challenges—Part I: Fundamentals and Topologies (2019)

Flux-switching permanent magnet (FSPM) machines have been gaining interest over the last few decades. This is due to the several advantages that this type of machines provides. These advantages include high torque density due to the flux-focusing effects, favorable thermal management due to the location of PMs on the stator, passive and hence robust rotor structure which is suitable for high-speed applications, etc. The two-part companion articles are going to provide a comprehensive analysis of FSPM machines in terms of opportunities and challenges. In the first part of these two-part series, it covers the principle theory, computation methods, various topologies of FSPM machines, and the comparison with other PM machines. Meanwhile, the basic performance characteristics and design requirements, viz. torque density, over-load torque capability, flux-weakening capability, fault-tolerance capability, as well as the latest development, are also provided.
ChemInform Abstract: The Intramolecular Michael Reaction (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Magnetic actuated MOEMS resonant biosensor array (2010)

A biosensor platform is utilized in liquid for detection of His protein. T-shaped thin film nickel cantilevers are actuated magnetically using self-oscillation principle and the sensing is based on embedded diffraction gratings on the cantilevers with interferometric sensitivity. Experiments are performed in a custom 1ml liquid chamber and 5.7ng/ml detection sensitivity is demonstrated. Method is label-free, robust and allows multiplexing. It also doesn't require any electrical connections to the MEMS sensor chip. Therefore, it is suitable for real-time multi analyte screening using a disposable chip in a portable device.
Multilayer in-place learning networks: Multitask invariance and adaptive lateral connections (2007)

In the fields of neuroscience, psychology, computer science, and developmental robotics, currently there is a lack of biologically plausible general-purpose in-place learning models that incrementally learn multiple sensorimotor tasks, to develop “soft” multi-task-shared invariances in the internal representations while the human or robot interacts with its environment. The Multilayer In-Place Learning Network (MILN) [11], [12] is a developmental network aiming at this ambitious goal. This biologically inspired developmental model for sensorimotor pathways provides an unusually efficient learning algorithm whose simplicity, low computational complexity, and generality are set apart from typical conventional learning algorithms. It explains how a biological cortical layer uses three types of adaptive connections, bottom-up, lateral, and top-down to accomplish this very challenging goal through the miraculous developmental experience. The work presented here concentrates on multitask invariance and recent work about the adaptive lateral connections of the network.
Comparison of interactions between beta-hairpin decapeptides and SDS/DPC micelles from experimental and simulation data (2007)

We demonstrate here the accuracy of molecular dynamics simulations methods through comparison with experiments, and have used the simulation results to enhance the understanding of how these two peptides interact with the two types of micelles. We find agreement between simulation and experimental results in the final structure of the peptides and in the peptides final conformation with respect to the micelle. Looking in depth at the peptide interactions, we find differences in the interactions between the two peptides from the simulation data; Leu-1 on PC-72 interacts strongly with the SDS micelle, though the interaction is not persistent--the residue withdraws and inserts into the micelle throughout the simulation.
Recent Advances in Tissue Engineering: An Invited Review (2002)

Tissue formation within the body, as part of a development or repair process, is a complex event in which cell populations self-assemble into functional units. There is intense academic, medical, and commercial interest in finding methods of replicating these events outside the body. This interest has accelerated with the demonstration of the engineering of skin and cartilage tissue in the laboratory and there is now worldwide activity in the in vitro regeneration of tissues including nerve, liver, bone, heart valves, blood vessels, bladder, and kidney. Approaches to tissue engineering center on the need to provide signals to cell populations to promote cell proliferation and differentiation. This review considers recent advances in methods of providing these signals to cells using examples of progress in the engineering of complex tissues.
Application of MDGRAPE‐3, a special purpose board for molecular dynamics simulations, to periodic biomolecular systems (2008)

We describe the application of a special purpose board for molecular dynamics simulations, named MDGRAPE-3, to the problem of simulating periodic bio-molecular systems. MDGRAPE-3 is the latest board in a series of hardware accelerators designed to calculate the nonbonding long-range interactions much more rapidly than normal processors. So far, MDGRAPEs were mainly applied to isolated systems, where very many nonbonded interactions were calculated without any distance cutoff. However, in order to regulate the density and pressure during simulations of membrane embedded protein systems, one has to evaluate interactions under periodic boundary conditions. For this purpose, we implemented the Particle-Mesh Ewald (PME) method, and its approximation with distance cutoffs and charge neutrality as proposed by Wolf et al., using MDGRAPE-3. When the two methods were applied to simulations of two periodic biomolecular systems, a single MDGRAPE-3 achieved 30-40 times faster computation times than a single conventional processor did in the both cases. Both methods are shown to have the same molecular structures and dynamics of the systems.
Lysophosphatidylcholine as a death effector in the lipoapoptosis of hepatocytes (2007)

The pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is unclear, despite epidemiological data implicating FFAs. We studied the pathogenesis of NASH using lipoapoptosis models. Palmitic acid (PA) induced classical apoptosis of hepatocytes. PA-induced lipoapoptosis was inhibited by acyl-CoA synthetase inhibitor but not by ceramide synthesis inhibitors, suggesting that conversion products other than ceramide are involved. Phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) inhibitors blocked PA-induced hepatocyte death, suggesting an important role for PLA(2) and its product lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC). Small interfering RNA for Ca(2+)-independent phospholipase A(2) (iPLA(2)) inhibited the lipoapoptosis of hepatocytes. PA increased LPC content, which was reversed by iPLA(2) inhibitors. Pertussis toxin or dominant-negative Galpha(i) mutant inhibited hepatocyte death by PA or LPC acting through G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)/Galpha(i). PA decreased cardiolipin content and induced mitochondrial potential loss and cytochrome c translocation. Oleic acid inhibited PA-induced hepatocyte death by diverting PA to triglyceride and decreasing LPC content, suggesting that FFAs lead to steatosis or lipoapoptosis according to the abundance of saturated/unsaturated FFAs. LPC administration induced hepatitis in vivo. LPC content was increased in the liver specimens from NASH patients. These results demonstrate that LPC is a death effector in the lipoapoptosis of hepatocytes and suggest potential therapeutic values of PLA(2) inhibitors or GPCR/Galpha(i) inhibitors in NASH.