gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DT‐02–01: First case report: Image to autopsy correlation for tau imaging with [18F]‐T808 (AV‐680) (2013)

[F-18]-T808 has been shown to have high affinity and selectivity for tau pathology in brain tissue sections from Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients (Zhang et al., 2012) and has recently been tested in 11 human subjects with promising results. Due to the death of one subject, an opportunity arose for an exploratory post mortem pathological analysis of brain tissue and comparison to the PET images. The male subject (aged approximately 85 years) had been diagnosed with AD 5 years prior to this study and had a Mini-Mental State Exam score of 21 at the time of the PET study. The PET session consisted of a dynamic 0–50 min PET scan after injection of 10 mCi (370 MBq) iv of [18F]-T808. Static PET images (30–50 minutes post injection) were used for analysis. Cerebellum uptake was used as a reference area. Approximately 2 weeks after imaging the patient died (unrelated to the procedure), allowing brain tissue sample collection and pathological evaluation for PHF-tau. The [18F]-T808 PET images revealed pronounced signal in the frontal, parietal, temporal lobes, and hippocampus. Less pronounced tracer retention was observed in the posterior cingulate and the putamen. The cerebellum had low tracer retention. Post mortem staining for PHF-tau to date has been done with the fluorescent tau ligand T557 and was largely in agreement with the observed in vivo tracer distribution. Thus, tissue sections obtained from frontal, parietal and temporal lobe areas, and the hippocampus, appeared strongly positive for PHF-tau. The posterior cingulate and putamen displayed fewer tau tangles, and the cerebellum was negative. The observed pattern of regional in vivo [F-18]-T808 uptake in the test subject is consistent with post mortem PHF-Tau staining. The considerable spread of tau pathology, observed in vivo and ex vivo, suggests an advanced Braak stage, and is consistent with the dementia that the subject experienced. These results support [F-18]-T808 as a PET tracer for identification of PHF-tau in human brain. Additional work is planned to evaluate tau and ß-amyloid in the brain sections from this subject by immunostaining and autoradiography.
The effect of UV‐blocking contact lenses as a therapy for canine chronic superficial keratitis (2011)

No positive effect of UV-blocking contact lenses could be proven with the study design used.
Platelet activating factor antagonists interact with GABAA receptors. (1991)

Platelet activating factor (PAF) is ubiquitous in mammals, and may have multiple functions in the central nervous system. Triazolobenzodiazepine compounds are active both at the GABAA receptor and as PAF antagonists. To investigate whether PAF antagonist activity is involved in the actions of triazolobenzodiazepines, we examined effects of two non-benzodiazepine PAF antagonists on binding and function at the GABAA receptor. The gingkolide terpene, BN 52021 and the dioxolane-based compound BN 52115 had no effect on benzodiazepine binding or chloride channel binding in cortical membrane preparations. However, chloride uptake into cortical synaptoneurosomes was enhanced with 1 microM BN 52021 but not 1 microM BN 52115. The effect of BN 52021 was prevented by 1 microM flumazenil. PAF antagonists appear to augment GABAA receptor function without affecting binding.
Physicochemical Principles of MR Contrast Agents (2007)

This chapter provides an overview of the different contrast mechanisms and the relevant chemistry and biophysics for each class of contrast agent. It assumes the reader has a basic knowledge of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and its terminology. The magnetic resonance (MR) image in clinical and biological systems is typically an image of the hydrogen atoms in water and fat. MRI contrast agents must be biocompatible pharmaceuticals in addition to nuclear relaxation probes. The paramagnetic ion and coordinated water molecule are essential to providing contrast. The gadolinium(III) ion has a high magnetic moment and a relatively slow electronic relaxation rate, properties that make it an excellent relaxer of water protons. The MS-325 example clearly shows the importance of chemical speciation on observed relaxation rates. Paramagnetism generally involves the magnetism of small isolated ions that only behave as local magnets in the presence of an external magnetic field.
Effect of IFN-α on Normal Human Hematopoiesis: An Immunohistochemical and Morphometric Study on Trephine Biopsy Specimens (1998)

To elucidate the effects of interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) on normal human bone marrow in vivo, an immunomorphometric study was performed using trephine biopsy specimens without hematopoietic pathology. Samples were derived from patients with mycosis fungoides but no marrow involvement, who were undergoing low-dose IFN-alpha treatment. Parameters included density of reticulin (argyrophilic) fibers, CD61+ megakaryocytes, PGM1+ macrophages, the GSA-I lectin-expressing (activated) macrophage subpopulation, proliferative activity (PCNA staining), and apoptosis. Following IFN-alpha therapy (3 x 3 x 10(6) U/week between 6 and 21 months), morphometric evaluation of sequential bone marrow examinations revealed a significant increase in the number of megakaryocytes and the amount of reticulin fibers. Additionally, there was an overall decrease in PCNA+ cells, accompanied by a reduction in the incidence of apoptotic bodies. On the other hand, total number of macrophages and their activated subfraction remained unchanged. Opposed to in vitro findings, a fibrogenetic capacity of IFN-alpha associated with megakaryocyte growth was detectable. Moreover, contrasting with effects of IFN-alpha treatment in chronic myelogenous leukemia, the incidence of apoptosis was significantly reduced. This feature was assumed to contribute to a maintenance of steady-state hematopoiesis expressed by a nonaltered bone marrow cellularity in our specimens.
Layer-by-layer growth of porphyrin supramolecular thin films (2006)

Multilayer thin film growth of carboxyphenyl-substituted porphyrin on Au(111) was investigated by means of low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy. The carboxyphenyl-substituted porphyrins are assembled into supramolecular wires on Au(111) by sequential hydrogen bonding between carboxyphenyl groups, and the dense aggregation of the supramolecular wires results in the formation of the first monolayer film. By further molecular deposition, the layer-by-layer growth of the supramolecular wires has been observed, leading to the supramolecular thin film growth.
Defining the biological bases of individual differences in musicality (2015)

Advances in molecular technologies make it possible to pinpoint genomic factors associated with complex human traits. For cognition and behaviour, identification of underlying genes provides new entry points for deciphering the key neurobiological pathways. In the past decade, the search for genetic correlates of musicality has gained traction. Reports have documented familial clustering for different extremes of ability, including amusia and absolute pitch (AP), with twin studies demonstrating high heritability for some music-related skills, such as pitch perception. Certain chromosomal regions have been linked to AP and musical aptitude, while individual candidate genes have been investigated in relation to aptitude and creativity. Most recently, researchers in this field started performing genome-wide association scans. Thus far, studies have been hampered by relatively small sample sizes and limitations in defining components of musicality, including an emphasis on skills that can only be assessed in trained musicians. With opportunities to administer standardized aptitude tests online, systematic large-scale assessment of musical abilities is now feasible, an important step towards high-powered genome-wide screens. Here, we offer a synthesis of existing literatures and outline concrete suggestions for the development of comprehensive operational tools for the analysis of musical phenotypes.
Detection of minimal residual disease in acute leukemia. (2005)

Detection of minimal residual disease (MRD) has prognostic value in acute lymphoblastic leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia. Particularly the evaluation of early treatment response has high prognostic value, because this allows identification of true low-risk and high-risk patients, who may profit from treatment reduction or treatment intensification, respectively. Consequently, monitoring of MRD is now being incorporated in many clinical protocols. Analysis of MRD in acute leukemia is currently mainly performed using flowcytometric immunophenotyping, real-time quantitative (RQ-)PCR analysis of fusion gene transcripts, and RQ-PCR analysis of rearranged immunoglobulin and/or T-cell receptor genes. These three techniques differ in their applicability and sensitivity and it should be noted that MRD results obtained by one method cannot yet easily be compared with MRD results obtained by another method. Also between laboratories applying the same method, significant variations in MRD results can be present. Consequently, multicenter clinical studies with MRD-based treatment intervention need standardization of MRD techniques and quality control of MRD results.
Quantum confinement effects in semiconductors (2018)

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Maturation of the tyrosine kinase c-src as a kinase and as a substrate depends on the molecular chaperone Hsp90 (1999)

Although Hsp90 displays general chaperone activity in vitro, few substrates of the chaperone have been identified in vivo, and the characteristics that render these substrates dependent on Hsp90 remain elusive. To investigate this issue, we exploited a paradoxical observation: several unrelated oncogenic viral tyrosine kinases, including v-src, attain their native conformation after association with Hsp90, yet their nearly identical cellular homologs interact only weakly with the chaperone. It has been controversial whether Hsp90 is vital for normal maturation of the cellular kinases or is simply binding a misfolded subfraction of the proteins. By modulating Hsp90 levels in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we determined that Hsp90 is indeed necessary for the maturation of c-src (the normal homolog of v-src). c-src maturation is, however, less sensitive to Hsp90 perturbations than is v-src maturation. Dependence of the two proteins on Hsp90 does not correspond to their relative efficiency in reaching their final destination (the plasma membrane); we observed that in yeast, unlike in vertebrate cells, neither c-src nor v-src concentrate in the membrane. Expression of different v/c-src chimeras in cells carrying wild-type or temperature-sensitive Hsp90 alleles revealed that the difference between the proteins instead arises from multiple, naturally occurring mutations in the C-terminal region of v-src.
Loss of KDM6A characterizes a poor prognostic subtype of human pancreatic cancer and potentiates HDAC inhibitor lethality (2018)

Although genomic analysis have recently discovered the malignant subtype of human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) characterized by frequent mutations of histone demethylase KDM6A, the biological and molecular roles still remain obscure. We herein elucidated the clinical and biological impacts of KDM6A deficiency on human PDAC and identified the therapeutic potential by pathological and molecular evaluation. Immunohistochemical analysis suggested that loss of KDM6A in cancerous tissues was an independent prognostic factor for both recurrence-free and overall survival in the 103 tumor specimens surgically resected from patients with PDAC. We established KDM6A knocked out cells by using the CRISPR/Cas9 system and KDM6A-expressed cells by doxycycline-inducible system from each two human PDAC cell lines, respectively. KDM6A knockout enhanced aggressive traits of human PDAC cell lines, whereas KDM6A overexpression suppressed them. Microarray analysis revealed reduced expression of 22 genes including five well-known tumor suppressors, such as CDKN1A, and ChIP-PCR analysis displayed depleted enrichment of histone H3 lysine 27 acetylation (H3K27ac) at the promoter regions of the five candidates. The epigenetic alterations were induced by the impaired recruitment of histone acetyltransferase p300, which cooperatively interacted with KDM6A. Consistent with these results, the KDM6A knockout cells demonstrated higher vulnerability to histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors through the reactivation of CDKN1A in vitro and in vivo than the KDM6A wild-type. In conclusion, KDM6A exhibited essential roles in human PDAC as a tumor suppressor and KDM6A deficiency could be a promising biomarker for unfavorable outcome in PDAC patients and a potential surrogate marker for response to HDAC inhibitors.
Figure S5_2 from Integrative Kinome Profiling Identifies mTORC1/2 Inhibition as Treatment Strategy in Ovarian Clear Cell Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 5 | Clustering (n=106) and survival analysis (n=70) on kinome mutations and CNA. (A) Disease-specific survival of patients (n=70) grouped on ARID1A status, (B) PIK3CA status and (C) ARID1A + PIK3CA status. (D) Consensus clustering, with maximum group count set to 10 and clustering optimization with 1000 repetitions maximum, shows adding of tumors (n=106) as consensus index (horizontally) and empirical cumulative distribution (vertically) for 1-10 clusters. (E) Area under the curve plot of decrease in friction from 1-10 clusters. (F) Heatmap distribution of tumors in 8 clusters. (G) Disease-specific survival of patients (n=70) in 8 clusters, (H) cluster 3 vs. other clusters. (I) Disease-specific survival in advanced stage OCCC patients (FIGO 2C-4), Log rank (Mantel-Cox) was used for statistical analysis. (J) Nonsynonymous mutation distribution in genes involved in the frequently mutated PI3K/AKT/mTOR (blue) and MAPK pathway (yellow), ERBB family of receptor tyrosine kinases (green) and DNA repair pathway (red) as well as ARID1A and PALB2 are shown with OncoPrint. CNA in each mutated gene are added. The 106 OCCC tumors that were both kinome sequenced and SNP arrayed are shown on the horizontal axis grouped on tumor clusters and ordered on total event frequency in the subsequently altered pathways. (K) Oncoprint from advanced stage patients in cluster 3 vs. other clusters, shown on the horizontal axis grouped on tumor clusters and ordered on total event frequency in the subsequent altered pathways, ordered as aforementioned.&lt;/p&gt;
Conversion of Mg‐Li Bimetallic Alloys to Magnesium Alkoxide and Magnesium Oxide Ceramic Nanowires (2019)

Abstract Technologically important composites with enhanced thermal and mechanical properties rely on the reinforcement by the high specific strength ceramic nanofibers or nanowires (NWs) with high aspect ratios. However, conventional synthesis routes to produce such ceramic NWs have prohibitively high cost. Now, direct transformation of bulk Mg‐Li alloys into Mg alkoxide NWs is demonstrated without the use of catalysts, templates, expensive or toxic chemicals, or any external stimuli. This mechanism proceeds through the minimization of strain energy at the boundary of phase transformation front leading to the formation of ultra‐long NWs with tunable dimensions. Such alkoxide NWs can be easily converted in air into ceramic MgO NWs with similar dimensions. The impact of the alloy grain size and Li content, synthesis temperature, inductive and steric effects of alkoxide groups on the diameter, length, composition, ductility, and oxidation of the produced NWs is discussed.
Proteomic characterization of human serum proteins associated with the fat‐derived hormone adiponectin (2006)

Adiponectin is a fat cell-secreted hormone with antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory activities. The reduced adiponectin levels are associated with obesity-related metabolic syndrome. Replenishment of this hormone into animal models can improve insulin sensitivity, decrease blood glucose and lipid levels, and prevent the development of atherosclerosis and fatty liver injury. Despite these findings, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we have used affinity chromatography to purify the protein complexes that are associated with adiponectin in human serum. The nature of these adiponectin-binding proteins was analyzed by MS/MS. Eight proteins from the adiponectin-containing protein mixtures have been identified. Many of them, including thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), histidine-rich glycoprotein, kininogen 1, and alpha 2 macroglobulin (alpha2M), are well-known glycoproteins involved in the regulation of inflammation, angiogenesis, and tissue remodeling. Coimmunoprecipitation and radioligand competitive-binding assays confirmed the direct interactions between adiponectin and alpha2M, or TSP-1. Moreover, these specific bindings were also detected in the serum samples derived from both healthy human subjects and patients with type 2 diabetes. In summary, our study demonstrated that, in the circulation, adiponectin forms protein complexes with other serum proteins. These proteins might serve as the physiological-binding partners of adiponectin and regulate its bioavailability and biological activities.
Bilateral Total Knee Replacement Using the Same Anesthetic Is Not Justified by Assessment of the Risks (2004)

The question of whether simultaneous bilateral knee replacement is associated with an increased risk of perioperative morbidity and mortality remains controversial. There are no true prospective randomized studies that address this question. There is general agreement that the risk is higher for older patients and for those with considerable medical comorbidities, particularly those with a history of cardiac disease. There is no general agreement on the appropriate threshold for age or comorbidities in order to minimize risk. Based on available retrospective data, there is evidence to suggest that there may be some patient selection bias favoring patients with simultaneous bilateral knee replacements; despite this bias, the perioperative risks are higher for these healthier patients. The highest risk for the patient having simultaneous bilateral knee replacement seems to be that of early postoperative mortality followed by the risk of a cardiac event. The risks of thromboembolic, gastrointestinal, and neurologic dysfunction also are increased. These patients also have a higher likelihood of requiring homologous blood transfusions and of requiring posthospitalization transfer to a rehabilitation center. Because of the absence of established patient selection criteria, thresholds for assessment of the increased risks, the patient having simultaneous bilateral replacement faces an increased risk of perioperative mortality and morbidity on a random basis. Patients should be aware of this information when deciding whether to proceed with simultaneous bilateral knee replacement.
Data analytics for game development (NIER track) (2011)

The software engineering community has had seminal papers on data analysis for software productivity, quality, reliability, performance etc. Analyses have involved software systems ranging from desktop software to telecommunication switching systems. Little work has been done on the emerging digital game industry. In this paper we explore how data can drive game design and production decisions in game development. We define a mixture of qualitative and quantitative data sources, broken down into three broad categories: internal testing, external testing, and subjective evaluations. We present preliminary results of a case study of how data collected from users of a released game can inform subsequent development.
Input current harmonics reduction control for electrolytic capacitor less inverter based IPMSM drive system (2014)

This paper proposes a current harmonics reduction method to improve the input current waveform of electrolytic capacitor less single-phase to three-phase power converters. Typically, the back electromotive force (EMF) on interior permanent magnet (IPM) motor is not sinusoidal and contains harmonics caused by the rotor structure; therefore, it causes harmonic distortion in the motor control system and generates harmonics in the input current. This paper analyzes the cause of the input current harmonics aims to the back EMF and the d-q axis current controller. This paper proposes two control methods to reduce the current harmonics distortion. The first method filters out the harmonics of feedback d-q axis current by using harmonics filter. The second method compensates the d-q axis voltage references to reduce the input current harmonics. The d-q axis compensation voltages are obtained by feed forward controller. The maximum power factor of the proposed method obtains 98.47 %. The experimental results confirm that the proposed control method clears the guideline EN61000-3-2.
Optical wavefront matching as a multi-frequency compliment to transformation optics (2016)

The advent of Transformation Optics (TO) has led to a resurgence of interest in gradient-index (GRIN) optics. Furthermore, it has been noted that TO-derived lenses often possess better performance than those arrived at through more traditional GRIN design techniques. Due to the dispersive nature of optical materials, lenses are often combined into achromatic pairs to correct for chromatic aberrations. However, GRIN materials possess different dispersion behaviors than their homogeneous counterparts resulting in TO-derived solutions that only possess their intended behavior at the source design frequency. To mitigate this issue, a wavefront-matching (WFM) design paradigm is presented which overcomes this restriction and enables arbitrarily broadband transformations to be realized.
Architecture Can Significantly Alter the Energy Release Rate from Nanocomposite Energetics (2019)

With the advent of additive manufacturing methods combined with the increased interest in using nanoparticle components to formulate energetics materials, structure–function relationships and manufacturing methods have become intertwined. In this article, we explore three different approaches to formulate composites and evaluate the combustion properties. Here polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) was used to assemble both aluminum nanoparticles (Al NPs) and ammonium perchlorate (AP). Three different fabrication techniques, 3D-print, electrospray (E-spray), and electrospin (E-spin), were employed in this work. Composites of Al/PVDF and composites with a high oxidizer content, employing AP, were studied. The relationship between architecture and the burning rate of both Al/PVDF and Al/AP/PVDF was investigated by studying the thermal decomposition at high and low heating rates, and flame temperatures via the color camera pyrometry on microscale ignition/combustion events. By studying the release of HF, ignition temperatures, and the flame front, we propose a mechanism for the combustion of the multicomponent energetic films. Flame temperature, completeness of reaction, and a significant difference in ignition temperature appear to favor the E-spray material. However, the large difference in propagation velocity between E-spray and E-spun, given the minor difference in density, clearly points to the importance of microarchitecture on reaction properties. The relative energy release rate of E-spun Al/PVDF compared to the E-sprayed and 3-D printed case is an enhancement of ∼6× and 18×, respectively, and the energy release rate of E-spun Al/AP/PVDF is ∼19× higher than that of E-sprayed and 3D-printed samples. This implies that the lowest density spun material offers the highest mass energy release rate by far.