gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intrathekale Steroide reduzieren das Infarktvolumen in der fokalen zerebralen Ischämie der Ratte (2005)

Ziele: Ziel unserer Studie war die Untersuchung der neuroprotektiven Wirkung intrathekal verabreichten Triamcinolonacetonids (TCA) auf das Infarktvolumen in der akuten fokalen zerebralen Ischämie der Ratte. Methode: Eine fokale zerebrale Ischämie wurde in 102 Wistar Ratten durch endovaskulären Verschluss der Arteria cerebri media (MCAO) induziert. Experiment 1: Bei je 12 Tieren wurden 30 Minuten nach MCAO verschiedene Dosierungen TCA in die Zisterna magna injiziert. Zwölf Kontrolltiere erhielten das gleiche Volumen NaCl intrathekal. Experiment 2: MR-kontrolliert wurde bei jeweils 15 Tieren die effektivste neuroprotektive Dosierung mit einer Kontrollgruppe verglichen. Das prozentuale Infarktvolumen wurde in allen Tieren 24 Stunden nach MCAO mittels TTC Färbung ermittelt. Ergebnis: Experiment 1: Im Vergleich zur Kontrollgruppe (18,2±5,0%) war das Infarktvolumen bei einer Dosierung von 0,012mg/kg signifikant kleiner (13,4±5,3%; p=0,04). TCA 0,03mg/kg (17,7±6,9%; p=0,84), 0,006mg/kg (15,9±4,2%; p=0,24) und 0,003mg/kg (14,5±5,2%; p=0,11) reduzierte ebenfalls das Infarktvolumen, allerdings statistisch nicht signifikant. TCA 0,3mg/kg vergrößerte das Infarktvolumen und verursachte bilaterale Infarzierung (19,8±5,0%; p=0,49). Experiment 2: Diffusion- und T1 gewichtete MRT-Sequenzen bestätigten die erfolgreiche Infarktinduktion und intrathekale Steroidapplikation in allen Tieren. Im Vergleich zur Kontrollgruppe (20,0±8,0%) war das Infarktvolumen in allen Tieren, die TCA 0,012mg/kg intrathekal erhielten signifikant kleiner (13,4±6,5%; p=0,02). Schlussfolgerung: Intrathekales Triamcinolonacetonid kann das Infarktvolumen in der akuten zerebralen Ischämie der Ratte signifikant reduzieren. Studien zur Untersuchung des Langzeiteffektes und des klinischen Outcomes sind notwendig, um den therapeutischen Nutzen zu evaluieren.
Topology control algorithms in WISELIB (2010)

In wireless sensor networks, topology control algorithms are distributed algorithms whose goal is to infer a sub-network from the real network topologyin order to reduce the number of active nodes and active communication links, but preserving some desired property of the network (e.g., connectivity or low degree). Topology control is a fundamental issue to reduce power consumption and to solve scalability and capacity problems in sensors networks. The last few years have witnessed the development of many algorithms to choose the transmission ranges of the nodes of a sensor network to control their communication topology. While some of these algorithms achieve provable properties, there still remains a large gap between theory and practice to select them for a given application on a specific setting. In this paper we present the design and implementation of several well-known topology control algorithms in the context of Wiselib, a generic template-based algorithm library for heterogeneous sensor networks. To show its viability, flexibility and ease of use, we report some preliminary results for some of those algorithms on a small, real test bed.
[Disparity between the effect of glucose and arginine on insulin secretion from the perfused pancreas of non insulin dependent diabetic rats]. (1981)

Insulin secretion was evaluated with the isolated perfused pancreas in a Rat model of non insulin-dependent diabetes (type II diabetes). In the diabetic Rats, pancreatic insulin stores were twice as low as in the controls. The amount of insulin release was expressed as a percentage of the insulin content in each pancreas. With perfusate glucose at 5.5 mM, the basal insulin secretion in the diabetics was not significantly different from that in the controls. With perfusate glucose at 16.2 mM, the diabetic pancreases exhibited 2 distinct patterns of response: in some Rats the insulin output expressed as a percentage of the insulin content of the pancreas was not different from the controls, while in the others there was no response to glucose. By contrast, with arginine (19.2 mM) the response was decreased to the same extent in all the diabetics. Thus some diabetic Rats exhibit a selective functional defect concerning the response to glucose contrasting with the preservation of the basal insulin release and of the response to arginine.
Therapeutic targeting of the PI4K2A/PKR lysosome network is critical for misfolded protein clearance and survival in cancer cells (2019)

The role of RNA-dependent protein kinase R (PKR) and its association with misfolded protein expression in cancer cells are unclear. Herein we report that PKR regulates misfolded protein clearance by preventing it release through exosomes and promoting lysosomal degradation of misfolded prion proteins in cancer cells. We demonstrated that PKR contributes to the lysosome function and regulates misfolded prion protein clearance. We hypothesized that PKR-associated lysosome function is critical for cancer but not normal cell survival, representing an effective approach for highly targeted cancer therapy. In screening a compound library, we identified two PKR-associated compounds 1 and 2 (Pac 1 and 2) did not affect normal cells but selectively induced cell death in cancer cells depending on their PKR expression status. Pac 1 significantly inhibited the growth of human lung and breast xenograft tumors in mice with no toxicity. Pac 1 binds to PI4K2A and disrupts the PKR/PI4K2A-associated lysosome complex, contributing to destabilization of cancer cell lysosomes and triggering cell death. We observed that PKR and PI4K2A play significant prognostic roles in breast cancer patients. These results demonstrate that targeting of a PI4K2A/PKR lysosome complex may be an effective approach for cancer therapy.
Statistical analysis of nonlinearly reconstructed near-infrared tomographic images. I. Theory and simulations (2002)

Near-infrared (NIR) diffuse tomography is an emerging method for imaging the interior of tissues to quantify concentrations of hemoglobin and exogenous chromophores non-invasively in vivo. It often exploits an optical diffusion model-based image reconstruction algorithm to estimate spatial property values from measurements of the light flux at the surface of the tissue. In this study, mean-squared error (MSE) over the image is used to evaluate methods for regularizing the ill-posed inverse image reconstruction problem in NIR tomography. Estimates of image bias and image standard deviation were calculated based upon 100 repeated reconstructions of a test image with randomly distributed noise added to the light flux measurements. It was observed that the bias error dominates at high regularization parameter values while variance dominates as the algorithm is allowed to approach the optimal solution. This optimum does not necessarily correspond to the minimum projection error solution, but typically requires further iteration with a decreasing regularization parameter to reach the lowest image error. Increasing measurement noise causes a need to constrain the minimum regularization parameter to higher values in order to achieve a minimum in the overall image MSE.
Electron-Proton Dynamics in Deep Learning. (2017)

We study the efficacy of learning neural networks with neural networks by the (stochastic) gradient descent method. While gradient descent enjoys empirical success in a variety of applications, there is a lack of theoretical guarantees that explains the practical utility of deep learning. We focus on two-layer neural networks with a linear activation on the output node. We show that under some mild assumptions and certain classes of activation functions, gradient descent does learn the parameters of the neural network and converges to the global minima. Using a node-wise gradient descent algorithm, we show that learning can be done in finite, sometimes $poly(d,1/\epsilon)$, time and sample complexity.
Micro-RNA signatures in monozygotic twins discordant for congenital heart defects (2019)

Our data show deregulated miRNA abundance levels in the peripheral blood of monozygotic twins discordant for CHD, and identify new candidates for further analysis, which may contribute to understanding the development of CHD in the future. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that the target genes of these miRNAs are likely involved in signaling and communication of cardiomyocytes.
Preliminary investigation of shot noise, dose, and focus latitude for e-beam direct write (2013)

Maskless electron beam lithography can potentially extend semiconductor manufacturing to the 10 nm logic (16 nm half pitch) technology node and beyond. KLA-Tencor is developing Reflective Electron Beam Lithography (REBL) technology targeting high-volume 10 nm logic performance. There are several potential applications for E-Beam Direct Write Lithography in high volume manufacturing (HVM) Lithography. They range from writing full critical layers to the use as complementary lithography in order to write cut masks for multiple patterning optical lithography. Two of the potential applications for REBL with specific requirements on the writing strategy are contact layer and cut mask lithography. For these two applications the number of electrons writing a single feature can be a concern if the resist sensitivity is high and the process latitude is small. This paper will share calculations with respect to the needed and expected shot noise, dose and focus latitude performance of a proposed REBL lithography system. The simulated results will be compared to data taken on test structures. Predicted performance based on the simulations and test results of a potential REBL system for contact layers and cut mask applications will be discussed.
The Etiologic Basis of Congestive Heart Failure (2002)

Appropriate management of congestive heart failure requires recognition of the underlying etiologic basis. Currently, sequelae of ischemic heart disease are the most common causes of congestive heart failure in the United States. Mechanical causes of heart failure, which include coronary artery, valvular, and pericardial disease, must be diagnosed correctly in order to offer appropriate surgical therapy. Primary diseases of the myocardium, ie, cardiomyopathies, account for approximately 20% of cases of congestive heart failure [1]. Many systemic diseases, such as rheumatologic disorders, metabolic derangements, toxin exposures, and endocrinopathies, may affect cardiac function and present as a cardiomyopathy [2]. Although these secondary cardiomyopathies are rare, taken together they represent a significant proportion of new cases of dilated cardiomyopathy. As with mechanical causes, recognition of secondary cardiomyopathies is essential because treatment may result in the reversal of cardiac dysfunction.
Accuracy and Interobserver Variation in the Interpretation of Computed Tomography in Solitary Brain Lesions (1990)

The clinical data and computed tomographic findings of 64 patients with solitary supratentorial brain lesions were presented to two panels of six experienced clinicians. The diagnoses predicted by these clinicians were compared with each other (interobserver variation) and with the definite diagnosis, which in almost all cases was based on histologic examination of the involved tissue (validity of predicted diagnosis). The interobserver agreement was only moderate. The predicted diagnoses agreed with the definite diagnoses in only 57% of cases. A high number of errors were made in distinguishing between high-grade and low-grade glioma and between high-grade glioma and cerebral metastasis, and in the detection of primary cerebral lymphoma. Possible implications of these findings for clinical practice are discussed.
COMPACT OPTICAL MEMS 1&times;N BEAM-SPLITTER BASED ON MULTI-MODE INTERFERENCE FOR OPTOFLUIDIC APPLICATIONS (2017)

In this work, we present the design and characterization of a 1xN beam splitter based on an MMI waveguide fabricated on MEMS technology. The proposed structure also has the advantage of allowing the splitter to be used at wavelengths below the 1.1 &micro;m silicon cut off wavelength that is needed for many optofluidic applications. A compact splitter design is achieved by guiding the light in air in a parallel plate waveguide structure with the lowest achievable guiding refractive index, with paired excitation in the input and parabolic tapering in the waveguide width along its length. The structure is simulated at different wavelengths using a wide angle FD-BPM technique. Measurement results of the fabricated structure are also shown at wavelengths of 1310 nm and 980 nm.
Application of Controllable Electric Coolant Pump for Fuel Economy and Cooling Performance Improvement (2004)

The engine cooling system for a typical class 3 pickup truck with a medium duty diesel engine was modeled with a commercial code, GT-Cool in order to explore the benefit of controllable electric pump on the cooling performance and the fuel economy. As the first step, the cooling system model with a conventional mechanical coolant pump was validated with experimental data. After the model validation, the mechanical pump sub-model was replaced with the electric pump submodel and then the potential benefit of the electric pump on fuel economy was investigated with the simulation. Based on coolant flow analysis the modified thermostat hysteresis was proposed to reduce the recirculating flow and electric pump effort, thus enabling assessment of the full power saving potential. It was also demonstrated that the radiator size could be reduced without any cooling performance penalty by replacing mechanical pump with the electric pump and decoupling of the pump speed from engine speed. The predicted results indicate that the cooling system with the electric pump can dramatically reduce the pump power consumption during the FTP 74 driving schedule and that radiator can be down-sized by more than 27% of the original size under grade load condition.
Process Development for the Synthesis of a Selective M1and M4Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors Agonist (2017)

A practical and chromatography-free synthetic process to selective M1 and M4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors agonist was developed and demonstrated on a several hundred gram scale. The key feature of this route is N,N-dimethylcarbamoylation of the anilinic nitrogen on the spiro 7-azaindoline structure via intermolecular migration of the N,N-dimethylcarbamoyl group. The resulting compound 1 was prepared in 43% overall yield with a chemical purity >99% via six steps starting with (2-chloropyridin-3-yl)acetonitrile.
Adaptive human bodies and adaptive built environments for enriching futures (2022)

As humans, we spend most of our lives inside human-built environments, such as homes, offices, and schools. In these built environments, humans co-create and share a collective awareness, social practices, and knowledge while computing machinery is designed to maintain the built environment and support our interactions. The effects of these technologically enriched built environments on humans are how our bodies adapt to the practices they promote and how these practices, in return, affect the built environment and the natural environment. This perspective paper uses inbodied interaction to frame the constant adaption of our bodies to our surrounding environment as an opportunity to inform the design of technology and its practices and offer a vision where humans, the built environment, and the natural environment coexist in a mutually beneficial relationship.
In-situ nanocomposites via solid-state modification in porous polymers (2003)

The induction of labor in the high-risk patient is accompanied by an increased incidence of cesarean section partly due to failed induction. A series of 50 high-risk patients induced with intravenous prostaglandin F 2 alpha is presented. Forty-five were successfully induced, 35 of whom delivered vaginally. Failed inductions occurred in 5 patients. The overall success rate was 90%, and cesarean section rate was 25.5%. There was an increased incidence of late decelerations in the PGF 2 alpha groups as compared to spontaneous and Pitocin-stimulated labors. While the success was high, the use of a drug which itself may caused fetal cardiovascular changes is not desirable, especially in those pregnancies already at risk.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Reactive Titanium on Graphite. A Universal Reducing Agent for the Coupling of Carbonyl Compounds to Alkenes. (1988)

Abstract Titanium on graphite, derived from titanium trichloride and potassium‐graphite, is a universally applicable McMurry reagent for the conversion of the carbonyl (I) and dicarbonyl compounds (IV) to the alkenes (II) or the cycloalkenes (V).
Does the loss of RAD52 in PC contribute to resistance to antiandrogen therapy? (2017)

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences in endocrinology ISSN 1470-3947 (print) | ISSN 1479-6848 (online)
Chromosomal assignment of the human homologues of feline sarcoma virus and avian myeloblastosis virus onc genes. (1982)

Retroviral transforming genes, v-onc genes, are derived from normal cellular sequences that are called cellular onc (c-onc) genes. DNA from mouse-human somatic cell hybrids that have selectively lost human chromosomes was used in Southern blots to map the chromosomal location of two human onc genes. Cloned human homologues of retroviral onc genes were used as probes. Because the human c-fes gene, which is homologous to feline sarcoma virus, segregates concordantly with human chromosome 15, and the human c-myb gene, which is homologous to avian myeloblastosis virus onc genes, segregates concordantly with human chromosome 6, we have assigned the c-fes and the c-myb genes to human chromosomes 15 and 6, respectively. Nonrandom chromosomal defects involving these human chromosomes have been observed in neoplasms. These studies should be valuable in determining whether specific rearrangements involving these chromosomes result in the abnormal expression of these onc genes in human malignancies.
Preemptive, but not reactive, spinal cord stimulation mitigates transient ischemia-induced myocardial infarction via cardiac adrenergic neurons (2006)

Our objective was to determine whether electrical neuromodulation using spinal cord stimulation (SCS) mitigates transient ischemia-induced ventricular infarction and, if so, whether adrenergic neurons are involved in such cardioprotection. The hearts of anesthetized rabbits, subjected to 30 min of left anterior descending coronary arterial occlusion (CAO) followed by 3 h of reperfusion (control), were compared with those with preemptive SCS (starting 15 min before and continuing throughout the 30-min CAO) or reactive SCS (started at 1 or 28 min of CAO). For SCS, the dorsal C8-T2 segments of the spinal cord were stimulated electrically (50 Hz, 0.2 ms, 90% of motor threshold). For preemptive SCS, separate groups of animals were pretreated 15 min before SCS onset with 1) vehicle, 2) prazosin (alpha(1)-adrenoceptor blockade), or 3) timolol (beta-adrenoceptor blockade). Infarct size (IS), measured with tetrazolium, was expressed as a percentage of risk zone. In controls exposed to 30 min of CAO, IS was 36.4 +/- 9.5% (SD). Preemptive SCS reduced IS to 21.8 +/- 6.8% (P < 0.001). Preemptive SCS-mediated infarct reduction was eliminated by prazosin (36.6 +/- 8.8%) and blunted by timolol (29.4 +/- 7.5%). Reactive SCS did not reduce IS. SCS increased phosphorylation of cardiac PKC. SCS did not alter blood pressure or heart rate. We conclude that preemptive SCS reduces the size of infarcts induced by transient CAO; such cardioprotection involves cardiac adrenergic neurons.
Differential Anabolic Effects of Testosterone and Amino Acid Feeding in Older Men (2003)

The interaction between testosterone and exogenous amino acids was studied in older men before and after 6 months of testosterone administration. Twelve healthy older male subjects were randomly assigned in double-blind fashion to receive either testosterone enanthate [T; n = 7; 68 ± 3 (±se) yr] or placebo (n = 5; 67 ± 3 yr) for 6 months. Muscle protein kinetics were determined using stable isotope methodology, arterial-venous difference across leg muscle, and muscle biopsies. In addition, ubiquitin-proteasome activity was measured in muscle biopsies as an indicator of muscle protein breakdown. T improved fasting net protein balance, although it remained significantly negative. The improvement in net balance was due to a decrease in muscle protein breakdown, as protein synthesis was unchanged. Ubiquitin-proteasome activity was also decreased with T. Exogenous amino acids increased protein synthesis in both placebo and T groups, but to a lessor degree after 6 months of T treatment. These results indicate that prolonged T administration increases net protein balance in the fasted state, but no additive effect is demonstrated when combined with amino acid feedings. Taken together, however, these diverse stimulatory effects can increase lean body mass and muscle strength over time.
Tensile yield energy in glassy polymers (1972)

Abstract An activation energy theory of yielding in glassy polymers has been proposed by Starita and Keaton. It predicts a linear relation between energy to yield and test temperature. This concept was tested and found valid for five amorphous polymers; poly(methyl methacrylate), polycarbonate, polyarylsulfone, polysulfone and poly(vinyl chloride), in uniaxial extension at temperatures from 25°C to the glass transition. For extenstion rates of 0.2 in/min, yield energy was found to go to zero at T g , as commonly determined by thermodynamic methods like dilatometry or scanning calorimetry. The effect of other extension rates, plasticizer and molecular weight appears to affect only the intercept much as T g is affected by the same changes. The slope, or the ratio of thermal to mechanical energy efficiency in overcoming the flow activation barrier, is largely unchanged.
Phosphorylation of Jak2 on Ser523 Inhibits Jak2-Dependent Leptin Receptor Signaling (2006)

This article refers to:Phosphorylation of Jak2 on Ser523 InhibitsJak2-Dependent Leptin ReceptorSignaling
An Empirical Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Trial for Suspected Obstructive Sleep Apnea (2007)

At the time of PSG testing, OSA was present in 91% of the patients who had received empirical CPAP. An empirical CPAP provided satisfactory interim treatment for excessive somnolence, despite the fact that the CPAP pressure was suboptimal in 40% of the patients.
Impact of Solvent Treatments for Asphaltenes on Wax Deposition and an Efficient Alternative with Green Surfactants (2020)

Asphaltenes and waxes can precipitate and deposit in reservoirs, wells and equipment increasing production and operation costs. Previous studies showed the co-precipitation of these heavy organic compounds under field conditions and that the chemical treatment for one fraction can affect the deposition mechanism of the other fraction. These facts led to a key question: Can solvents that are normally used for asphaltenes remediations affect wax deposition? In this paper, we dealt with the impacts of aromatic solvents addition to a waxy crude and studied characteristics of wax deposits obtained from Cold Finger testing at different ratios of solvent/oil. The results showed that depending on solvent concentration the Wax Appearance Temperature (WAT), composition of paraffins and deposition rate have significantly changed. It was also shown that a biodegradable and low toxicity biosurfactant demonstrated a remarkable efficiency as wax dispersant to control and reduce organics deposition.