gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The partial Talbot effect and its use in measuring the coherence of synchrotron X-rays (2004)

The Talbot effect is the self-imaging, at distances D multiple of D(R), of the intensity downstream of a periodic object. Earlier work with hard synchrotron radiation X-rays showed the variation with D of the fundamental Fourier component of intensity to be a good measurement of beam coherence. Any higher-order Fourier coefficients I (D, m > 1) would be periodic with a reduced period D(Rm) = D(R)/m for an ideally coherent incident beam (partial Talbot effect). The degree of coherence gamma(x) is sampled through the ratio of I (D, m) at D = 0 and multiples of D(Rm). This requires the Fourier coefficient for D = 0, which is not accessible for a phase object (no contrast at D = 0). However, the ratio of the slopes of I (D, m) at D = 0 and D = pD(Rm) also provides this information. Furthermore, a characterization of gamma(x) is possible, provided an assumption is made on its shape, using only the ratio of the Fourier coefficient I (D, m) of two images a distance pD(Rm) apart. Experiments with one- and two-dimensional phase gratings and a mixed (amplitude and phase) two-dimensional grating confirm that the partial Talbot effect approach is viable. It requires a reduced range of distances, and yields important results directly, obviating the need for computer fits. In particular, 8% of the beam intensity was found to have very low coherence in the vertical direction, probably due to monochromator imperfection.
Network Diversity through Decoration of Trigonal‐Prismatic Nodes: Two‐Step Crystal Engineering of Cationic Metal–Organic Materials (2011)

In einem zweistufigen Prozess wurden zuerst trigonal-prismatische molekulare Primärbausteine [Cr3O(isonic)6]+ (tp-PMBB-1) aufgebaut, die dann durch lineare Brücken oder quadratisch-planare Knoten zu drei neuartigen, hoch geladenen kationischen Metall-organischen Materialien (MOMs) mit snx-, snw- und stp-Topologie verknüpft wurden. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Effect of Heteroatom Concentration in SSZ-13 on the Methanol-to-Olefins Reaction (2015)

SSZ-13 materials have been synthesized with varying amounts of Al to produce samples with different concentrations of Brønsted acid sites, and consequently, these SSZ-13 materials contain increasing numbers of paired Al heteroatoms with increasing Al content. These materials were then characterized and tested as catalysts for the methanol-to-olefins (MTO) reaction at 400 °C and 100% methanol conversion under atmospheric pressure. A SAPO-34 sample was also synthesized and tested for comparison. SSZ-13 materials exhibited significant differences in MTO reactivity as Si/Al ratios varied. Reduced Al content (higher Si/Al ratio) and, consequently, fewer paired Al sites led to more stable light olefin selectivities, with a reduced initial transient period, lower initial propane selectivities, and longer catalyst lifetime. To further support the importance of paired Al sites in the formation of propane during this initial transient period, a series of experiments was conducted wherein an H-SSZ-13 sample was exchanged with Cu2+, steamed, and then back-exchanged to the H form. The H-SSZ-13 sample exhibited high initial propane selectivity, while the steamed H-SSZ-13, the Cu2+-exchanged SSZ-13 sample, and the steamed Cu-SSZ-13 sample did not, as expected since steaming selectively removes paired Al sites and Cu2+ exchanges onto these sites. However, when it was back-exchanged to the proton form, the steamed Cu-SSZ-13 sample still exhibited the high initial alkane selectivity and transient period typical of the higher Al content materials. This is attributed to protection of paired Al sites during steaming via the Cu2+ cation. Post-reaction coke analyses reveal that the degree of methylation for each aromatic species increases with increasing Si/Al in SSZ-13. Further, SAPO-34 produces more polycyclic species than SSZ-13 samples. From these data, the paired Al site content appears to be correlated with both MTO reaction behavior and coke species formation in SSZ-13 samples.
Performance of WDM Rings with Partial and Sparse Wavelength Conversion under General Dynamic Traffic (2000)

Abstract Dynamic wavelength assignment in a WDM all‐optical network with partial and sparse wavelength conversion is discussed in this paper. The performance of unidirectional and bidirectional ring networks in terms of blocking probability, conversion gain and fairness is evaluated under various types of offered traffic patterns. Smooth and peaked patterns have been considered in addition to the classical Poisson traffic type. We show how the partial use of wavelength converters having a limited conversion capability affects the blocking performance of connections and, more importantly in terms of network fairness, its dependence on the source‐destination distance.
Marine source ω-3 fatty acid, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), inhibits human colorectal cancer growth through multiple mechanisms depending on the mutational status of p53 protein (2005)

5569 Epidemiological data and previous in vivo and in vitro studies in our lab have suggested that diets rich in ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are inversely related to human colorectal cancer growth. In addition, those studies revealed that DHA was the primary tumor inhibiting ω-3 fatty acid compared to EPA. Using flow cytometry and spectrophotometric techniques, proliferation and apoptosis assays were performed on two human colorectal cancer cell lines, WiDr and COLO 205, which possess mutated and wild type p53 protein respectively, treated with linoleic acid (LA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and DHA in vitro. The study showed that DHA induced apoptosis in COLO 205 and only inhibited cell proliferation in WiDr. EPA did not induce apoptotic events nor inhibit cell proliferation in both cell lines although it inhibited cell growth by 30%. To confirm an involvement of p53 protein in the growth inhibition exerted by DHA, a p53 inhibitor, Pifithrin-α, was employed and the growth inhibition of DHA treated COLO 205 but not WiDr cells was reversed with the inhibitor treatment. To further elucidate mechanisms of the growth inhibition, levels of phospho- shc, JNK and ERK which play major roles in the regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis, were measured in the both cell lines. fatty acid treated WiDr cells exhibited lower levels of phospho- shc and ERK proteins, but not JNK. In contrast, levels of phospho-JNK were lower in DHA treated COLO 205 cells, but phosphorylation levels of other two proteins were not altered. We have demonstrated that the growth inhibitory effect of DHA is mediated through a p53 pathway when the tumor possesses a wild type protein. In the tumor line possessing a mutated p53, DHA caused decrease in cell proliferation through an inhibition of the MAPK signaling pathway. EPA does not activate the p53 pathway. These different mechanism of actions may be the cause for differential potencies between DHA and EPA. In addition, we have demonstrated that DHA possesses tumor inhibiting activity in tumors with wild type and mutated p53.
Does Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion Have Advantages over Posterolateral Lumbar Fusion for Degenerative Spondylolisthesis? (2015)

The author regrets an error in the Conclusion of the above article, published in the Global Spine Journal, Volume 5, Number 2, 2015 (DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1396432). The word “reduction” was inadvertently omitted. The corrected Conclusion appears below. Conclusion The TLIF group demonstrated significantly greater improvement in low back pain and unilateral leg pain compared with the PLF group. However, no differences in improvement in either ODI or PCS were noted between the groups. The postoperative slippage reduction and disk height were significantly greater in the TLIF group, but local disk lordosis, lumbar lordosis, and pelvic parameters were similar between the groups.
Abstract 423: β-Escin eradicates cancer stem-like population in HER2-positive breast cancer with trastuzumab resistance (2023)

Abstract Purpose: Trastuzumab resistance is a multifactorial phenomenon arising from the steric effects of p95HER2, activation of HER2 downstream signaling pathways, and the existence of cancer stem cells. We sought to examine the capacity of β-escin, an anti-inflammatory drug, to address trastuzumab resistance in HER2-positive breast cancer cells. Experimental designs: The effects of β-escin in trastuzumab-sensitive and -resistant cell lines were evaluated for apoptosis, HER2 expression, calpain activation and CSC-like properties. In vivo trastuzumab-resistant xenograft mice model was used to examine tumor growth, angiogenesis and organ toxicity of β-escin. Results: β-escin induced mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis accompanied by reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and increased active p18Bax fragmentation, leading to caspase-3/-7 activation. β-escin downregulated p95HER2, HER2 and HER3 as well as their phosphorylation. β-escin-induced HER2 degradation appears to be mediated by calpain activation. We observed that treatment with β-escin induced cleavage of HER2 and p95HER2 (at 75, 50 and 42 kDa fragments) in HER2 overexpressing MDA-MB-231 cells. Attenuation of CSC-related features by β-escin challenge was accompanied by marked reductions in CD44high/CD24low stem-like cells and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) activity as well as hindrance of mammosphere formation. β-escin administration also significantly retarded tumor growth and angiogenesis in a trastuzumab-resistant JIMT-1 xenograft model via downregulation of CSC-associated markers and intracellular domain HER2. Importantly, β-escin selectively inhibited malignant cells and was less toxic to normal mammary cells, and no toxic effects were found in liver and kidney function in animals. Conclusion: Herein, for the first time, we report the potent efficacy of β-escin, a drug repurposing candidate with an exceptional safety profile in addressing trastuzumab-resistant HER2-positive breast cancer. Citation Format: Soeun Park, Minsu Park, Dongmi Ko, Seongjae Kim, Juyeon Seo, Kee Dal Nam, Eunsun Jung, Yong koo Kang, Seojin Jang, So Ra Seock, Yoon-Jae Kim, Ji Young Kim, Jae Hong Seo, Jaeyoun Park. β-Escin eradicates cancer stem-like population in HER2-positive breast cancer with trastuzumab resistance [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 423.
Transmissible Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (human herpesvirus 8) in saliva of men with a history of Kaposi's sarcoma (1997)

We have evaluated the physical state and infectious nature of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) in the saliva of nine persons with past or current Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). KSHV DNA in saliva had the physical characteristics of DNA present in virions. Inoculation of 293 cells with cell-free saliva fluid resulted in the persistence of KSHV DNA in culture for at least 13 passages of the cells. The addition of tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate to KSHV-infected 293 cells led to increased viral DNA. Two virus-specific RNAs were detected by reverse transcriptase PCR in 293 cells infected with cell-free saliva fluid and in cells present in saliva from subjects with KSHV salivary shedding. These results indicate that infectious KSHV can be present in saliva of patients with KS.
Stability Study of LSD Under Various Storage Conditions (1998)

A controlled study was undertaken to determine the stability of LSD in pooled urine samples. The concentrations of LSD in urine samples were followed over time at various temperatures, in different types of storage containers, at various exposures to different wavelengths of light, and at varying pH values. LSD concentrations were measured quantitatively by the Abuscreen RIA and by HPLC using a fluorescence detection method. Good correlation was observed between the immunoassay and the fluorescent integrity of the LSD molecule. Thermostability studies were conducted in the dark with various containers. These studies demonstrated no significant loss in LSD concentration at 25 degrees C for up to 4 weeks. After 4 weeks of incubation, a 30% loss in LSD concentration at 37 degrees C and up to a 40% at 45 degrees C were observed. Urine fortified with LSD and stored in amber glass or nontransparent polyethylene containers showed no change in concentration under any light conditions. Stability of LSD in transparent containers under light was dependent on the distance between the light source and the samples, the wavelength of light, exposure time, and the intensity of light. After prolonged exposure to heat in alkaline pH conditions, 10 to 15% of the parent LSD epimerized to iso-LSD. Under acidic conditions, less than 5% of the LSD was converted to iso-LSD. We also demonstrated that trace amounts of metal ions in buffer or urine could catalyze the decomposition of LSD and that this process can be avoided by the addition of EDTA. This study demonstrates the importance of proper storage conditions of LSD in urine in order to insure proper analytical testing results over time.
Glutathione-Sensitive Hyaluronic Acid-Mercaptopurine Prodrug Linked via Carbonyl Vinyl Sulfide: A Robust and CD44-Targeted Nanomedicine for Leukemia (2017)

6-Mercaptopurine (6-MP) is an essential medicine used for treating leukemia in the clinics. 6-MP suffers, however, from poor water solubility, low bioavailability, and significant side effects. Here, we designed CD44-targeted glutathione-sensitive hyaluronic acid-mercaptopurine prodrug (HA-GS-MP) linked via carbonyl vinyl sulfide for safer and enhanced treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). HA-GS-MP obtained with 50 kDa HA and 6-MP conjugation content of 6.9 wt % showed excellent water solubility with a hydrodynamic size of ca. 15 nm. Intriguingly, HA-GS-MP was extremely stable, without any drug leakage, under physiological environment while rapidly releasing 6-MP in response to 10 mM glutathione. HA-GS-MP exhibited obvious targetability and markedly enhanced antitumor effect to OCI/AML-2 human AML cells (IC<sub>50</sub> = 16.9 μg 6-MP equiv./mL). The pharmacokinetic studies displayed that Cy5-labeled HA-GS-MP had a long circulation time in mice (elimination half-life = 4.37 h). The in vivo fluorescence images demonstrated strong and persistent accumulation of Cy5-labeled HA-GS-MP from 4 to 48 h post injection in the subcutaneous OCI/AML-2 tumor in nude mice. Notably, HA-GS-MP while causing little side effects induced significantly enhanced growth inhibition of OCI/AML-2 tumor and better survival rate of OCI/AML-2 tumor-bearing mice as compared to free 6-MP. Carbonyl vinyl sulfide-linked hyaluronic acid-mercaptopurine prodrug has appeared to be a simple and smart nanomedicine for targeted treatment of AML.
PD-0332991, a potent and selective inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6, demonstrates inhibition of proliferation in renal cell carcinoma at nanomolar concentrations and molecular markers predict for sensitivity. (2013)

PD-0332991 has antiproliferative activity in RCC cell lines, and molecular markers predict for sensitivity to this agent.
Zero-Order Reconstruction Optimization of Waveforms (ZOROW) for Modest DAC Rates (2020)

The use of waveforms possessing constant envelope and good spectral containment, combined with high-fidelity arbitrary waveform generation (AWG) capability, has been shown to minimize transmitter distortion effects when waveform diversity is needed. Software-defined radios (SDRs) represent a lower cost, attritable alternative to AWGs at the price of lower fidelity. Specifically, the lower digital-to-analog conversion (DAC) rates supported by SDRs introduce new design challenges for the generation of waveforms requiring high fidelity, most notably those containing in-band spectral notches. Here these challenges are addressed via the ZOROW waveform design scheme that accounts for physical attributes of the SDR. Distortion effects arising from the modest DAC rate are characterized and their mitigation is demonstrated using experimental measurements.
Solid-phase synthesis of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) and two analogues. A chemical approach for evaluating the role of disulfide bridges in protein folding and stability. (1993)

The linear sequence of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) has been assembled by stepwise Fmoc solid-phase peptide synthesis on a polyethylene glycol-polystyrene (PEG-PS) graft support with p-alkoxybenzyl ester anchoring. Similar methods were used to prepare two analogues, the first with all six half-cystine (Cys) residues replaced by alpha-amino-n-butyric acid (Abu), and the second with replacement of Abu at four Cys positions while retaining the native pairing between positions 14 and 38. Following cleavage from the support, the linear molecules (reduced form) were purified by semipreparative reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The native structure of BPTI was then formed by oxidation of a dilute solution of the protein at pH 8.7 in the presence of oxidized glutathione. The BPTI analogue with one disulfide bridge was obtained following treatment with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-pH 6 buffer (1:9). Overall yields of homogeneous proteins were 2-4%, and further characterization was provided by amino acid analysis, sequencing, ion electrospray mass spectrometry, analytical HPLC, and capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE). Purified synthetic BPTI with the native sequence was indistinguishable from natural material by the analytical and biophysical criteria applied, including circular dichroism (CD) spectra and inhibition of trypsin action. Studies are in progress to evaluate conformational features of the analogues which respectively lack two, or all three, of the native disulfide bridges.
Front-end electro-optical interfaces for CMS HCAL (2002)

The CMS experiment is a complex instrument to study particle physics at the energy frontier. An important detector subsystem within CMS is the hadron calorimeter or HCAL, consisting of four subsystems that cover the kinematic region |/spl eta/|<5. This paper provides details of the electro-optical interfaces for the central barrel subsystem that operates in a region of high magnetic field and converts scintillation signals from megatile sampling layers to lower geometry for energy measurement.
Effect of misfit dislocations on luminescence in m-plane InGaN quantum wells (2011)

A correlation has been established between the optical and structural properties of blue-light-emitting diode structures grown on free-standing m-plane GaN. A double-peak InGaN quantum well emission at room temperature has been observed with a strong inhomogeneous spatial distribution, which can be associated with the presence of dislocations originating at the InGaN layers. It is argued that the difference in peak energy positions is due to in-plane piezoelectric fields within the dislocated regions.
Stability and reproducibility of computed tomography radiomic features extracted from peritumoral regions of lung cancer lesions (2019)

This study identified a subset of stable and reproducible CT radiomic features extracted from the peritumoral region of lung lesions. The stable and reproducible features identified in this study could be applied to a feature selection pipeline for CT radiomic analyses. According to our findings, top performing features in survival models were more likely to be stable and reproducible hence, it may be best practice to utilize them to achieve repeatable studies and reduce the chance of overfitting.
Limits to the Energy-Conversion Efficiency of Air-Bridge Thermophotovoltaics (2023)

As the energy economy becomes increasingly decarbonized, low-cost energy storage grows ever more important. Thermal batteries in combination with thermophotovoltaic (TPV) cells are one major source of storage. The lowest-loss TPV cells utilize an air bridge (AB) with a gold back reflector. In this work, the authors determine a 55.5% thermodynamic efficiency limit for AB-TPVs at an emitter temperature of 1400 K, based on detailed balance. Including losses from nonradiative recombination, finite resistance, and free-carrier absorption, the practical efficiency limit is 48.6%. This work provides a road map for evaluating and limiting losses, leading to even higher AB-TPV efficiencies.
Template development for sub15nm nanoimprint lithography (2020)

Nanoimprint lithography (NIL) is promising technology for next generation lithography for the fabrication of semiconductor devices. The advantages of NIL are simpler process, less design rule restriction, which lead to lower cost-of-ownership, compared with conventional optical lithography. NIL is one to one lithography and contact transfer technique using template. Therefore template quality variations impact on wafer performance directly. To introduce NIL technology to high volume manufacturing (HVM) of semiconductor devices, improvement of template quality is very important. In the situation of pattern size shrinking, it is necessary to improve CD uniformity and defectivity to achieve the target of HVM. So that high accuracy QA (Quality Assurance) tools are required to qualify CD uniformity and defectivity which are key metrics on high-end template development. In this paper, we show the current status of template development for sub15nm NIL. For the template fabrication, double patterning technologies were applied to extend pattern resolution limit. Template replication was also implemented by template replication system Canon FPA1100-NR2. Finally we will show QA examples for high accuracy template by using key metrics such as CD uniformity, defectivity and Cross-sectional profile.
Fimasartan increases glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion in patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension compared with amlodipine (2018)

Compared with amlodipine, fimasartan increased late-phase glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension. This finding suggests that ARBs would be more beneficial in such patients compared with other classes of anti-hypertensives.
Induction of Pluripotent Stem Cells from Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts by Jdp2-Jhdm1b-Mkk6-Glis1-Nanog-Essrb-Sall4 (2019)

Reprogramming somatic cells to pluripotency by Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and Myc represent a paradigm for cell fate determination. Here, we report a combination of Jdp2, Jhdm1b, Mkk6, Glis1, Nanog, Essrb, and Sall4 (7F) that reprogram mouse embryonic fibroblasts or MEFs to chimera competent induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) efficiently. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and ATAC-seq reveal distinct mechanisms for 7F induction of pluripotency. Dropout experiments further reveal a highly cooperative process among 7F to dynamically close and open chromatin loci that encode a network of transcription factors to mediate reprogramming. These results establish an alternative paradigm for reprogramming that may be useful for analyzing cell fate control.