gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Deep reflectance fields (2019)

We present a novel technique to relight images of human faces by learning a model of facial reflectance from a database of 4D reflectance field data of several subjects in a variety of expressions and viewpoints. Using our learned model, a face can be relit in arbitrary illumination environments using only two original images recorded under spherical color gradient illumination. The output of our deep network indicates that the color gradient images contain the information needed to estimate the full 4D reflectance field, including specular reflections and high frequency details. While capturing spherical color gradient illumination still requires a special lighting setup, reduction to just two illumination conditions allows the technique to be applied to dynamic facial performance capture. We show side-by-side comparisons which demonstrate that the proposed system outperforms the state-of-the-art techniques in both realism and speed.
Correction: Corrigendum: An IL-27/NFIL3 signalling axis drives Tim-3 and IL–10 expression and T-cell dysfunction (2015)

Nature Communications 6, Article number: 6072 (2015); Published 23 January 2015; Updated 8 July 2015 In the Discussion section of this Article, we inadvertently stated that ‘endogenous IL-27 signalling results in reduced tumour burden’. This should have read: ‘lack of IL-27 signalling results in reduced tumour burden’.
Hippocampal memory prosthesis (2018)

Damage to the hippocampus and surrounding regions of the medial temporal lobe can result in a permanent loss of the ability to form new long-term memories. Hippocampal memory prosthesis is designed to restore this ability. The animal model described here is the memory-dependent, delayed nonmatch-to-sample (DNMS) task in rats, and the core of the prosthesis is a biomimetic multi-input, multi-output (MIMO) nonlinear dynamical model that predicts hippocampal output (CA1) signals based on input (CA3) signals. When hippocampal CA1 function is pharmacologically blocked, successful DNMS behavior is abolished. However, when MIMO model predictions are used to re-instate CA1 memory-related activities with electrical stimulation, successful DNMS behavior and long-term memory function are restored. The hippocampal memory prosthesis has been successfully implemented in rodents and nonhuman primates, but the current system requires major advances before it can approach a working prosthesis. Looking forward, a deeper knowledge of neural coding will provide further insights.
Generalised adaptive optics method for high-NA aberration-free refocusing in refractive-index-mismatched media (2022)

Phase aberrations are introduced when focusing by a high-numerical aperture (NA) objective lens into refractive-index-mismatched (RIM) media. The axial focus position in these media can be adjusted through either optical remote-focusing or mechanical stage translation. Despite the wide interest in remote-focusing, no generalised control algorithm using Zernike polynomials has been presented that performs independent remote-focusing and RIM correction in combination with mechanical stage translation. In this work, we thoroughly review derivations that model high-NA defocus and RIM aberration. We show through both numerical simulation and experimental results that optical remote-focusing using an adaptive device and mechanical stage translation are not optically equivalent processes, such that one cannot fully compensate for the other without additional aberration compensation. We further establish new orthogonal modes formulated using conventional Zernike modes and discuss its device programming to control high-NA remote-focusing and RIM correction as independent primary modes in combination with mechanical stage translation for aberration-free refocusing. Numerical simulations are performed, and control algorithms are validated experimentally by fabricating graphitic features in diamond using direct laser writing.
Carbohydrate‐dependent, HLA class II‐restricted, human T cell response to the bee venom allergen phospholipase A2 in allergic patients (1995)

The T cell-independent antibody response to polysaccharide antigen (Ag) is believed to result from their inability to bind major histocompatibility complex (MHC) restriction elements. However, recent studies using glycosylated analogues of known immunogenic peptides revealed that glycopeptides can interact with MHC molecules and are able to elicit specific T cell responses in experimental animals. This raises questions about the possible role which carbohydrates can play in T cell responses following natural exposure to glycoprotein antigens. Analyzing the fine specificity of the human T cell response against the major bee venom allergen phospholipase A2 (PLA), a 16-20-kDa protein glycosylated at a single site (Asn13), we have identified several T cell clones which proliferate in response to the glycoprotein but not to its non-glycosylated variants. Neither the carbohydrate moiety alone nor the combination of carbohydrate and non-glycosylated protein could substitute for the intact glycoprotein. Antibody directed against the carbohydrate moiety inhibited Ag-induced proliferation of these clones whereas control clones with known peptide specificity were not affected, providing additional evidence for the involvement of carbohydrates in T cell recognition. Moreover, peripheral blood mononuclear cells of two individuals from whom glycosylation-dependent T cell clones have been isolated showed significantly higher proliferation in response to glycosylated compared to non-glycosylated Ag, suggesting that glycosylation can contribute in some cases extensively to the immunogenicity of a glycoprotein Ag. Thus, this report shows that glycosylation-dependent Ag recognition by T cells can also occur following natural exposure to a glycoprotein.
S143 Improving Suboptimal Bowel Prep in a Hydraulically Sealed Endoluminal Compartment Using a Novel On-Demand Overtube Device: An in vivo Animal Study (2022)

Introduction: Inadequate bowel preparation during colonoscopy results in increased cost and risk to the patient due to need for additional examinations, reduced diagnostic yield, and increased the risk of subsequent colorectal cancer. A recently developed novel overtube (OT) device (IzoScope™, IzoMed Inc., Irvine, CA) can safely and efficiently seal a compartment of the colon and administer targeted fluid lavage (e.g., right colonic enema). The aim of this study was to describe the use of this device to address segmental suboptimal bowel preparation and improve visibility during colonoscopy. Case Description/Methods: We performed a proof-of-concept study using a single domestic pig. The right colon was intubated using a standard adult colonoscope, and poor bowel preparation was seen with opaque liquid and stool precluding the visualization of the mucosa, consistent with a Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS) subscore of 0 (Figure 1A). The OT device was then deployed. The device consists of a soft, flexible sheet that can be quickly wrapped around the colonoscope, essentially creating an on-demand OT without need for preloading or scope withdrawal. The device deploys a balloon on the end of the OT, behind the tip of the endoscope, to create an anchor for the OT in the colon (Figure 1B, arrow). A second balloon on a catheter extends beyond the endoscope and can be used to seal the end of the compartment (Figure 1B, arrowhead). The balloons were used to create a sealed, compartment in the right colon that maintained an access for the OT after withdrawal of the endoscope. Fluid was then instilled through the OT (Figure 1B, star) to effectively perform a right colonic enema. One liter of normal saline was lavaged into the right colon and drained via gravity. The distal balloon catheter was then withdrawn to provide additional cleansing through a “squeegee”-like effect (Figure 1C). The colonoscope was then reinserted and mucosa was inspected. Bowel preparation had markedly improved, consistent with a BBPS subscore of 3 (Figure 1D). Discussion: Using a novel OT device presented here, we were able to improve segmental bowel preparation, particularly at the right colon which is not typically accessible to conventional enema. The device can be used as an on-demand OT during colonoscopy to optimize mucosal visualization in suboptimal bowel preparation as shown in this study. This technology may potentially reduce the need to cancel or reschedule procedures when suboptimal preparation is encountered.Figure 1.: 1A: Poor right sided bowel preparation encountered during colonoscopy, 1B: Overtube device schematic showing balloon inflation and instillation of fluid into the right colon, 1C: additional cleansing effect obtained by withdrawing of the inflated distal balloon, 1D: post-right colonic irrigation bowel preparation
Far infrared single crystal study of p-diiodobenzene (1978)

The far-infrared transmission spectrum of p-diiodobenzene was measured as a function of temperature and polarization. Eleven absorption lines were observed at 4 K. Six were assigned, on the basis of their polarization dependences, to vibrational modes of the molecular lattice. The remaining lines were found to be due to either intramolecular modes or Raman-active librational lattice modes which exhibit some infrared activity. Upon heating through the phase transition at 326 K, the two B3u modes disappear and are replaced by another strong band. This is interpreted as due to a structural distortion along the crystalline c axis. No evidence of soft mode behavior near the transition is observed.
Synthetic circuit generation using clustering and iteration (2003)

The development of next-generation CAD tools and FPGA architectures requires benchmark circuits to experiment with new algorithms and architectures. There has always been a shortage of good public benchmarks for these purposes, and even companies that have access to proprietary customer designs could benefit from designs that meet size and other particular specifications. In this paper, we present a new method of generating realistic synthetic benchmark circuits to help alleviate this shortage. The method significantly improves the quality of previous work by imposing the natural hierarchy of circuits through clustering and by using a simpler method of characterizing the nature of sequential circuits. Also, in contrast to current constructive generation methods, we employ new iterative techniques in the generation that provide better control over the generated circuit s characteristics. As in previous work, we assess the realism of the generated circuits by comparing properties of real circuits and generated "clones" of the real circuit after placement and routing. On average, the real and clone circuits' total detailed wirelength differed by only 14%, a major improvement over previous results. In addition, the minimum track count was within 14% and the critical path delay was within 10%.
A Critical Review of the Durability of Adhesion to Tooth Tissue: Methods and Results (2005)

The immediate bonding effectiveness of contemporary adhesives is quite favorable, regardless of the approach used. In the long term, the bonding effectiveness of some adhesives drops dramatically, whereas the bond strengths of other adhesives are more stable. This review examines the fundamental processes that cause the adhesion of biomaterials to enamel and dentin to degrade with time. Non-carious class V clinical trials remain the ultimate test method for the assessment of bonding effectiveness, but in addition to being high-cost, they are time- and labor-consuming, and they provide little information on the true cause of clinical failure. Therefore, several laboratory protocols were developed to predict bond durability. This paper critically appraises methodologies that focus on chemical degradation patterns of hydrolysis and elution of interface components, as well as mechanically oriented test set-ups, such as fatigue and fracture toughness measurements. A correlation of in vitro and in vivo data revealed that, currently, the most validated method to assess adhesion durability involves aging of micro-specimens of biomaterials bonded to either enamel or dentin. After about 3 months, all classes of adhesives exhibited mechanical and morphological evidence of degradation that resembles in vivo aging effects. A comparison of contemporary adhesives revealed that the three-step etch-and-rinse adhesives remain the 'gold standard' in terms of durability. Any kind of simplification in the clinical application procedure results in loss of bonding effectiveness. Only the two-step self-etch adhesives approach the gold standard and do have some additional clinical benefits.
[Effect of aging on in vivo binding of 11C-N-methylspiperone in living human frontal cortex]. (1991)

Reduced in vivo binding of 11C-N-methylspiperone (NMSP) with age in the living human frontal cortex was demonstrated, with positron emission tomography (PET). Eleven normal male volunteers (22 to 72 years old) were assessed. The uptake of 11C-NMSP in the frontal cortex peaked 7-15 min after intravenous injection, and then gradually decreased until the end of this study. On the other hand in the cerebellum, the uptake of 11C-NMSP peaked 10 min and rapidly declined. We analyzed the data using a three compartment model and determined rate constants k3 and k4. And the binding potential of receptors was estimated as the ratio of k3 (association rate constant) to k4 (dissociation rate constant) value. The k3 and k4 values were calculated from nonlinear regression, given by the set of parameter values that minimized the deviation between the measured kinetics and model prediction. As an input function, we used the radioactivity in the cerebellum. A significant reduction in BP with age was observed. Though both k3 and k4 values were decreased with age, this decrease of BP was found to be mainly due to the reduced k3 values. These results indicated that numbers of binding sites (Bmax) of serotonin S2 receptors in frontal cortex might be decreased with age.
Physics of Hot Carrier Degradation Under Off-State Mode Operation in High Performance NPN SiGe HBTs (2021)

We report on the hot carrier generation and device degradation mechanisms in high performance NPN SiGe HBTs under off-state mode operation. In contrast to the forward-active mode, where the emitter current has a central role in the device performance degradation processes, the low emitter electron injection under off-state is not sufficient to initiate impact ionization and is found to have no impact on the induced damage. Measurements and simulations suggest that the physics of hot carrier generation under off-state mode is driven by the band to band tunneling (BTBT) mechanism in the collector-base (CB) junction which has a positive temperature dependence. Despite the positive temperature dependence of the hot carrier generation rate, off-state hot carrier stress experiments covering a wide range of bias and temperature conditions induce base current shifts that exhibit a negative temperature dependence, indicating that device damage at high temperatures is limited by the reduction of carrier mean free path due to increased phonon scattering. Furthermore, device degradation is shown to correlate with the BTBT stress current and the CB breakdown voltage measured with the emitter open (BV <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CBO</inf> ), highlighting the importance of a judicious optimization of the BV <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CBO</inf> parameter to enable a robust design for reliability methodology.
Neurodegenerative diseases of Guam: Analysis of TAU (1999)

Mutations in the tau gene have been described in families affected by frontotemporal dementia with parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17. The authors performed a genetic and biochemical analysis of this gene and its product in the parkinsonism dementia complex of Guam, a disorder characterized by the extensive formation of neurofibrillary tangles. The tau gene is not a primary cause of the parkinsonism dementia complex of Guam.
A new paradigm for IP-based cellular networks (2001)

Flash-OFDM is an air interface technology that is greater than the sum of its parts. It enables the Internet's seamless, affordable extension to the wide-area mobile environment in an IP-transparent fashion and without modification to existing applications. It also adapts wireless to the Internet-not vice versa-so that the mobile and fixed Internet realms remain essentially the same. The pure IP-based cellular network architecture described is a natural consequence of the technology. It is a straightforward, consistent, and effective architecture that stands in marked contrast to the evolving 3G all-IP cellular architectures.
Back to the Feature: Learning Robust Camera Localization from Pixels to Pose (2021)

Camera pose estimation in known scenes is a 3D geometry task recently tackled by multiple learning algorithms. Many regress precise geometric quantities, like poses or 3D points, from an input image. This either fails to generalize to new viewpoints or ties the model parameters to a specific scene. In this paper, we go Back to the Feature: we argue that deep networks should focus on learning robust and invariant visual features, while the geometric estimation should be left to principled algorithms. We introduce PixLoc, a scene-agnostic neural network that estimates an accurate 6-DoF pose from an image and a 3D model. Our approach is based on the direct alignment of multiscale deep features, casting camera localization as metric learning. PixLoc learns strong data priors by end-to-end training from pixels to pose and exhibits exceptional generalization to new scenes by separating model parameters and scene geometry. The system can localize in large environments given coarse pose priors but also improve the accuracy of sparse feature matching by jointly refining keypoints and poses with little overhead. The code will be publicly available at github.com/cvg/pixloc.
Space-, Wavelength-, Polarization-Division Multiplexed Transmission of 56-Tb/s over a 76.8-km Seven-Core Fiber (2011)

We report the first experimental demonstration of space-division-multiplexed DWDM transmission of PDM-QPSK channels over a multicore fiber. A total capacity of 56-Tb/s (7×80×107-Gb/s) is transmitted over a 76.8-km seven-core-fiber with a record spectral-efficiency of 14-b/s/Hz.
Cauda Equina Syndrome and Continuous Spinal Anesthesia (1991)

The Departments of Anesthesia, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Address correspondence to Dr. Lambert, Department of Anesthesia, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115. Accepted for publication February 5, 1991.
Generative Topic Embedding: a Continuous Representation of Documents (2016)

Word embedding maps words into a lowdimensional continuous embedding space by exploiting the local word collocation patterns in a small context window. On the other hand, topic modeling maps documents onto a low-dimensional topic space, by utilizing the global word collocation patterns in the same document. These two types of patterns are complementary. In this paper, we propose a generative topic embedding model to combine the two types of patterns. In our model, topics are represented by embedding vectors, and are shared across documents. The probability of each word is influenced by both its local context and its topic. A variational inference method yields the topic embeddings as well as the topic mixing proportions for each document. Jointly they represent the document in a low-dimensional continuous space. In two document classification tasks, our method performs better than eight existing methods, with fewer features. In addition, we illustrate with an example that our method can generate coherent topics even based on only one document.
Erratum to: Differential branching fraction and angular analysis of Λ b 0  → Λμ+μ− decays (2018)

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The use of zero-valent iron and ultrasonic energy for in-situ groundwater remediation (1996)

Contamination in groundwater in general and drinking water in particular has become a major concern in the twentieth century. EPA strictly regulates the amount of acceptable contamination to extremely low levels for chemical industries. Old techniques, such as pump-and-treat, has proven to have some limitation in dropping the concentrations to acceptable levels thus forcing research groups to look into other alternatives for groundwater remediation. A new technique is to implement an in situ treatment of groundwater depending mainly on the natural water flow through a treatment wall. This active wall would consist of zero-valent-iron, with high surface area to mass ratio, in order to accelerate the kinetics of the dehalogenation of chlorinated organic molecules, mainly trichloroethylene TCE, into environmentally acceptable hydrocarbons that can be consumed by microorganisms underground. In addition, ultrasonic chemistry is co-applied in order to replenish the oxidized metal surface area i.e. to help in maintaining wall activity which theoretically should increase the wall lifetime. Data from both batch and column reactions show the feasibility of such a procedure. Kinetic data will be presented.
Modal System Design of Multirobot Systems by Interaction Mode Control (2007)

Motion control technology in an open environment will be more important. Future motion systems should interact with other systems or environments. To adapt to complicated environments and do tasks, a realization of multi-degree-of-freedom motion is necessary for human cooperating motion. This paper proposes a unified control approach for multirobot systems by interaction mode control. The proposed interaction mode control considers only interactions between systems. The interactions are abstracted by using mode quarry matrices. Since the transformed modes are independent of each other, it is possible to design a controller in decoupled modal space. This paper also proposes a novel control index named "hybrid ratio." Hybrid ratio is defined as the influence of external acceleration input on the acceleration response of a system. Since it is possible to realize the assigned hybrid ratio in each mode according to the task, the motion command with hybrid ratio is represented as task code. Thus, the interaction mode control is able to be treated as task kinematics. The proposed interaction mode control is applied for grasping motion by multirobot systems. The numerical and experimental results show the viability of the proposed method