gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
36. A PROSPECTIVE TRIAL OF RESECTION PLUS SURGICALLY TARGETED RADIATION THERAPY FOR BRAIN METASTASIS (2020)

Abstract INTRODUCTION Achieving durable local control for larger brain metastases remains problematic. Resection (R) alone is typically insufficient. Even with the addition of stereotactic radiation the 12-month recurrence rate for larger lesions (i.e., &amp;gt;2.5–3 cm) is 20% or more in many series. To improve outcomes we designed and prospectively evaluated a permanently implanted radiation device consisting of Cs-131 seeds positioned within a collagen tile (GammaTile, GT Medical Technologies, Tempe AZ). We combined maximum safe resection and collagen tile brachytherapy (CTBT) with the hypothesis that immediate radiation initiation and/or dose intensification could improve outcomes. MATERIALS/METHODS From 2013–2018 patients undergoing resection with either previously untreated or recurrent brain metastasis were enrolled on a single arm, multi-histology study (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT#03088579). At resection completion the tumor bed was lined with collagen tiles imbedded with Cs-131, delivering 60–80 Gy at 5 mm depth. The device was designed to prevent direct source-to-brain contact and to maintain inter-source spacing after closure. No additional local therapy was given unless progression occurred. RESULTS 16 metastases (12 recurrent/4 previously untreated) in 11 patients were treated. Median diameter 3.1 cm, range 1.9–5.1. Histology was 7 breast, 6 lung, and 3 sarcoma. Median age 60 years; 7 females/4 males. Average time for implantation was 5 minutes. At median radiographic follow-up of 9.5 months (range 0.1–25.2) treatment site progression occurred 1/16 (6%) at 10.9 months. Median treatment site time-to-progression (TTP) has not been reached (95% CI, &amp;gt;10.9 months). Median overall survival (OS) 9.3 months. No surgical adverse events occurred. One patient (6.2%) experienced radiation brain changes and was treated medically. CONCLUSION R+CTBT demonstrated excellent safety and local control outcomes in this single-arm pre-commercial study. The device recently received FDA clearance for use in newly diagnosed and recurrent brain metastasis. Randomized clinical trials vs standard of care treatments are expected to open in 2020.
Flexible stream switching based on HEVC (2013)

This paper presents a flexible stream switching technique for HEVC. The proposed scheme allows to switch at any frame type and to increase the quality of the reconstructed video compared to basic stream switching. Additional information is inserted and encoded using a subset of SHVC coding modes. This technique maintains a low insertion rate of IDR/CRA pictures. Experimental results show that the overall performance is improved significantly.
Stability of multielectron bubbles in liquid helium (2008)

The stability of multielectron bubbles in liquid helium is investigated theoretically. We find that multielectron bubbles are unstable against fission whenever the pressure is positive. It is shown that for moving bubbles the Bernoulli effect can result in a range of pressures over which the bubbles are stable.
Simulation Methods for RF Integrated Circuits (2009)

The principles employed in the development of modern RF simulators are introduced and the various techniques currently in use, or expected to be in use in the next few years, are surveyed.Frequencyand time-domain techniques are presented and contrasted, as are steady-state and envelope techniques and large-and small-signal techniques.
Increasing Public Safety Communications Interoperability: The CHORIST Broadband and Wideband Rapidly Deployable Systems (2009)

The rapidly deployable and interoperable systems, developed under the frame of the CHORIST project, allow rescue teams' activities by enabling them to remotely converse, receive instructions and transmit their feedback, both within the incident area and towards the control room. They provide the public safety users with two interoperable solutions: a Broadband PMR system based on the design of a new broadband air interface forming an inter-vehicular mobile core network and a Wideband PMR system consisting of a TEDS cell which can be deployed alone, or as an overlay to a TETRA cell. This paper provides an overview on the design, the implementation and the demonstration of these preoperational version of emergency field telecommunication systems, with special focus on fast deployment and interoperability capabilities.
Model Predictive Control of Variable Refrigerant Flow Systems (2014)

Model Predictive Control (MPC) of vapor compression systems (VCSs) offers several advantages over conventional control methods (such as multivariable process control with selector logic) in terms of 1) the resulting closed-loop performance and 2) the control engineering design process. VCSs are multivariable systems and feature constraints on system variables and actuators that must be enforced during steady-state and transient operation. We present the design and validation of an MPC for a split ductless VCS. The design regulates room temperature with zero steady state error for unknown changes in the thermal load and enforces constraints on system variables such as compressor discharge temperature and actuator ranges and rates. We show how the MPC design can evolve during the engineering process by adding and modifying constraints and process variables. The design methodology provides guarantees in terms of closed loop stability and convergence. Importantly, in contrast to other published results on MPC for VCSs, our design makes use of only available temperature measurements and does not require pressure or mass flow measurements which are typically not available in production VCSs.
Two-dimensional, 37-channel, High-bandwidth, Ultra-dense Silicon Photonics Optical Interface (2014)

We demonstrate a hexagonal, monolithic optical fiber array matched to 37 vertical grating couplers with 40 μm pitch for a silicon photonics optical interface, with standard deviation of coupling across all channels of 0.7 dB.
Tunable optoelectronic oscillator with 10<sup>5</sup> finesse Fabry-Perot etalon as a photonic filter and optical frequency reference (2012)

A tunable optoelectronic oscillator using a high finesse etalon as both a photonic filter and optical frequency reference is presented. The microwave tone at 10.487 GHz displays fractional frequency instability of 3.3×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-10</sup> at 1 s.
Broadband X-ray full field microscopy at a superbend (2009)

Over the last decade, synchrotron-radiation based X-ray Tomographic Microscopy (SRXTM) has established itself as a fundamental tool for non-invasive, quantitative investigations of a broad variety of samples, with application ranging from space research and materials science to biology and medicine. The beamline for TOmographic Microscopy and Coherent rAdiology experimenTs (TOMCAT) has been recently equipped with a full field, hard X-ray microscope with a theoretical pixel size down to 30 nm and a field of view of 50 microns. The nanoscope performs well at X-ray energies between 8 and 12 keV: here we illustrate the experimental setup and the performance of the instrument in both microscopy and tomography mode.
Force Requirements for Artificial Muscle to Create an Eyelid Blink With Eyelid Sling (2010)

To determine the force requirements, optimal vector, and appropriate materials of a novel eyelid sling device that will be used to rehabilitate eyelid closure (blink) in congenital or acquired permanent facial paralysis with an artificial muscle. The force required to close the eyelids in human cadavers (n = 6) were measured using a load cell system. The eyelid sling using either expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) or temporalis muscle fascia was implanted. The ideal vector of force and placement within the eyelid for a natural eyelid closure were compared. The eyelid sling concept was successful at creating eyelid closure in a cadaver model using an upper eyelid sling attached to the distal tarsal plate. Less force was necessary to create eyelid closure using a temporalis muscle fascia sling (627 ± 128 mN) than for the ePTFE eyelid sling (1347 ± 318 mN). The force and stroke required to close an eyelid with the eyelid sling are well within the attainable range of the electroactive polymer artificial muscle (EPAM). This may allow the creation of a realistic and functional eyelid blink that is symmetric and synchronous with the contralateral, normally functioning blink. Future aims include consideration of different sling materials and development of both the EPAM device and an articulation between the EPAM and sling. The biocompatibility and durability studies of EPAM in a gerbil model are under way. The successful application of artificial muscle technology to create an eyelid blink would be the first of many potential applications.
Anti-nociceptive effect of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in non-inflammatory IBS-like models (2016)

Visceral pain and intestinal dysbiosis are associated with Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), a common functional gastrointestinal disorder without available efficient therapies. In this study, a decrease of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii presence has been observed in an IBS-like rodent model induced by a neonatal maternal separation (NMS) stress. Moreover, it was investigated whether F. prausnitzii may have an impact on colonic sensitivity. The A2-165 reference strain, but not its supernatant, significantly decreased colonic hypersensitivity induced by either NMS in mice or partial restraint stress in rats. This effect was associated with a reinforcement of intestinal epithelial barrier. Thus, F. prausnitzii exhibits anti-nociceptive properties, indicating its potential to treat abdominal pain in IBS patients.
Reduction of Ammonia Emission using Deceleration Cylinder Cutoff in a Gasoline Spark Ignition Engine (2022)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The newly proposed Euro 7 emission standards have added regulations limiting ammonia emissions for gasoline vehicles. This paper proposes a new emissions-control strategy to satisfy the regulated ammonia emission levels, using deceleration cylinder cut-off (DCCO) to reduce or eliminate conventional deceleration fuel cutoff (DFCO) and the associated lean-rich excursions in the three-way catalyst during oxygen saturation and desaturation. The improved air-fuel ratio management closer to stoichiometry lowers the ratio of CO to NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; and thus the ammonia (&lt;i&gt;NH&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;) formation rate inside catalytic converter. Tests show more than 80% reduction of ammonia emission on the WLTC drive cycle without increasing other regulated emissions.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Hardware-learning neural network LSI using a highly-functional transistor simulating neuron actions (2005)

This paper describes the architecture and the organization of a hardware-learning neural network LSI, in which a newly developed "brain-cell-like" transistor called neuron MOSFET (neuMOS or /spl nu/MOS) is utilized not only in a neuron cell but also in a synapse cell. In order to implement learning capability on a chip, a new hardware-oriented backpropagation learning algorithm has been developed. The actions for self-learning based on this algorithm are also carried out by /spl nu/MOS logic circuits.
Selection of HIV Envelope Strains for Standardized Assessments of Vaccine-Elicited Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity-Mediating Antibodies (2021)

Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) has been correlated with reduced risk of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in several preclinical vaccine trials and in the RV144 clinical trial, indicating that this is a relevant antibody function to study. Given the diversity of HIV-1, the breadth of vaccine-induced antibody responses is a critical parameter to understand if a universal vaccine is to be realized. Moreover, the breadth of ADCC responses can be influenced by different vaccine strategies and regimens, including adjuvants. Therefore, to accurately evaluate ADCC and to compare vaccine regimens, it is important to understand the range of HIV Envelope (Env) susceptibility to these responses. These evaluations have been limited because of the complexity of the assay and the lack of a comprehensive panel of viruses for the assessment of these humoral responses. Here, we used 29 HIV-1 infectious molecular clones (IMCs) representing different Envelope subtypes and circulating recombinant forms to characterize susceptibility to ADCC from antibodies in plasma from infected individuals, including 13 viremic individuals, 10 controllers, and six with broadly neutralizing antibody responses. We found in our panel that ADCC susceptibility of the IMCs in our panel did not cluster by subtype, infectivity, level of CD4 downregulation, level of shedding, or neutralization sensitivity. Using partitioning around medoids (PAM) clustering to distinguish smaller groups of IMCs with similar ADCC susceptibility, we identified nested panels of four to eight IMCs that broadly represent the ADCC susceptibility of the entire 29-IMC panel. These panels, together with reagents developed to specifically accommodate circulating viruses at the geographical sites of vaccine trials, will provide a powerful tool to harmonize ADCC data generated across different studies and to detect common themes of ADCC responses elicited by various vaccines. <b>IMPORTANCE</b> Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) responses were found to correlate with reduced risk of infection in the RV144 trial of the only human HIV-1 vaccine to show any efficacy to date. However, reagents to understand the breadth and magnitude of these responses across preclinical and clinical vaccine trials remain underdeveloped. In this study, we characterize HIV-1 infectious molecular clones encoding 29 distinct Envelope strains (Env-IMCs) to understand factors that impact virus susceptibility to ADCC and use statistical methods to identify smaller nested panels of four to eight Env-IMCs that accurately represent the full set. These reagents can be used as standardized reagents across studies to fully understand how ADCC may affect efficacy of future vaccine studies and how studies differ in the breadth of responses developed.
Surface Modification of Polymeric Biomaterials Using Recombinant Spider Silk Proteins (2016)

The performance of biomaterials largely depends on the materials biocompatibility, which is directly related to unwanted side effects like foreign body responses and inflammation, and the potential of interaction of cells with its surface, for example, cell adhesion. In the distinct application of catheters, low or even no cell adhesion is eligible. To influence the properties of existing and commonly used biomaterials and to further increase their biocompatibility, a coating with a recombinantly produced spider silk protein as outer layer was applied on three selected catheter polymers (polyurethane, polytetrafluoroethylene, silicone) and evaluated based on cell adhesion. The tested cell types, HaCaT keratinocytes (epidermal cells), B50 neuronal cells, C2C12 myoblasts (muscle cells) and BALB/3T3 fibroblasts (connective tissue), exhibited low or no adhesion on the silk-coated materials. In combination with the lack of toxicity, the good biocompatibility, and the low body response, it could be shown that silk coatings have a high potential as a biomedical coating material, e.g., for catheters.
Mixed Valence Tin Oxides as Novel van der Waals Materials: Theoretical Predictions and Potential Applications (2015)

Van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures, which can be assembled by combining 2D atomic crystals in a precisely chosen sequence, enable a wide range of potential applications in optoelectronics, photovoltaics, and photocatalysis. However, the difficulty of peeling isolated atomic planes and the lattice mismatch between different materials is the main obstacle to hinder vdW materials from more practical applications. In this work, the mixed valence tin oxides, Sn x O y (0.5 &lt; x / y &lt; 1), are proposed as a new member of vdW materials and these mixed valence tin oxides show promise to overcome the above‐mentioned obstacle. Density‐functional theory calculations are combined with an evolutionary algorithm to predict the crystal structures of a series of previously reported tin oxides (Sn 2 O 3 , Sn 3 O 4 , Sn 4 O 5 , and Sn 5 O 6 ), unreported compositions (Sn 7 O 8 , Sn 9 O 10 , and Sn 11 O 12 ), and a new β ‐ SnO phase. These structures consist of β ‐SnO, Sn 2 O 3 , and Sn 3 O 4 monolayers. Their band gaps can be engineered in the 1.56–3.25 eV range by stacking the monolayers appropriately. The band gap depends linearly on the interlayer distance, as understood from interlayer Sn 2+ –Sn 2+ and intralayer Sn 2+ –O interactions. Sn x O y structures exhibit high photoabsorption coefficients and suitable band‐edge positions for photoexcited H 2 evolution; this indicates potential for environmentally benign solar energy conversion in photovoltaic and photocatalytic applications.
Quantitation and Distribution of Epichloë-Derived Alkaloids in Perennial Ryegrass Tissues (2023)

Perennial ryegrass (<i>Lolium perenne</i> L.), an economically important pasture and turf grass, is commonly infected with asexual <i>Epichloë</i> species endophytes. Endophytes provide enhanced bioprotection by producing alkaloids, and research often focusses on the negative impact on grazing animals. However, alkaloid distribution throughout the plant and their role in biocontrol of insect pests and diseases are less well understood. Additionally, intermediate compounds have not been investigated for their impacts on animal welfare and biological control in pasture-based scenarios. Here, a single liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method was used to measure seven alkaloids in different perennial ryegrass tissues infected with SE or NEA12 endophytes. High alkaloid recoveries and a clear plant matrix effect emphasize the importance of using matrix-matched standards for accurate quantitation. The method is sensitive, detecting alkaloids at low concentrations (nanogram levels), which is important for endophyte strains that produce compounds detrimental to livestock. Concentrations were generally highest in seeds, but distribution differed in the shoots/roots: peramine, terpendole E, terpendole C and lolitrem B were higher in shoots, whilst ergovaline, paxilline and epoxy-janthitrem I were more evenly distributed throughout the two tissues. Knowledge of alkaloid distribution may allow for concentrations to be predicted in roots based on concentrations in the shoots, thereby assisting future determinations of resistance to insects, especially subterranean root-feeding pests.
Function and regulation of Fc epsilon RI expression on monocytes from non-atopic donors. (1996)

Monocytes from both atopic donors and healthy individuals express Fc epsilon RI, but the previously reported different expression levels between the two groups seem to be directly related to the absence or presence of IgE in the serum. This may be due to the fact that Fc epsilon RI is subjected to a constant turnover process which is slowed down but not prevented by ligand binding. In addition, free Fc epsilon RI on non-atopic monocytes are under control of a neuramindase sensitive structure(s), which influences signal transduction and IgE binding.
ChemInform Abstract: Enzyme‐Catalyzed Regioselective Hydrolysis of Aspartate Diesters. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The Discovery of N-(1-Methyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-5-((6- ((methylamino)methyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)oxy)-1H-indole-1-carboxamide (Acrizanib), a VEGFR-2 Inhibitor Specifically Designed for Topical Ocular Delivery, as a Therapy for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration (2018)

A noninvasive topical ocular therapy for the treatment of neovascular or "wet" age-related macular degeneration would provide a patient administered alternative to the current standard of care, which requires physician administered intravitreal injections. This manuscript describes a novel strategy for the use of in vivo models of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) as the primary means of developing SAR related to efficacy from topical administration. Ultimately, this effort led to the discovery of acrizanib (LHA510), a small-molecule VEGFR-2 inhibitor with potency and efficacy in rodent CNV models, limited systemic exposure after topical ocular administration, multiple formulation options, and an acceptable rabbit ocular PK profile.
Architectures for Internet-Based Collaborative Virtual Prototyping (1999)

Abstract Virtual Prototyping (VP) is a relatively new technology which involves the use of Virtual Reality (VR) and other computer technologies to create digital prototypes. Recently, this rapidly expanding technology has matured enough to warrant serious consideration as part of the engineering design and manufacturing process. Virtual prototyping has extended beyond the specific use of virtual reality to now include the use of next-generation Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) technologies including advanced visualization systems, human modeling systems, and CAD/CAM systems. The emergence of these systems has raised significant concern regarding the integration and concurrent use of these tools. As the use of next-generation CAE systems becomes more prevalent, engineers will continue to grapple with how, when, and where to properly use these tools in the engineering design cycle. The abundance of data generated and used by these systems places considerable burden on the engineer, who often ends up spending more time on data and process management (e.g. transferring data from system to system, version control, system integration, etc.) rather than on the actual design problem. As these systems continue to become mainstream, the burden placed upon the engineer using these systems must be alleviated. The effective use of these tools in an integrated, synergistic fashion has not yet been realized. This paper discusses a number of distinct approaches for creating a collaborative, distributed architecture for virtual prototyping. The architectural philosophies discussed include: Product Development Approach, CAE Tool Integration Approach, User-session Approach, Functional Approach, and Black-box Approach. A final architecture, created from the value-added features of each of the discussed philosophies, was created. A prototype implementation of this architecture and its underlying technological infrastructure is briefly discussed.