gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Observation of well-defined Kohn-anomaly in high-quality graphene devices at room temperature (2022)

Abstract Due to its ultra-thin nature, the study of graphene quantum optoelectronics, like gate-dependent graphene Raman properties, is obscured by interactions with substrates and surroundings. For instance, the use of doped silicon with a capping thermal oxide layer limited the observation to low temperatures of a well-defined Kohn-anomaly behavior, related to the breakdown of the adiabatic Born–Oppenheimer approximation. Here, we design an optoelectronic device consisting of single-layer graphene electrically contacted with thin graphite leads, seated on an atomically flat hexagonal boron nitride substrate and gated with an ultra-thin gold layer. We show that this device is optically transparent, has no background optical peaks and photoluminescence from the device components, and no generation of laser-induced electrostatic doping (photodoping). This allows for room-temperature gate-dependent Raman spectroscopy effects that have only been observed at cryogenic temperatures so far, above all the Kohn-anomaly phonon energy normalization. The new device architecture, by decoupling graphene optoelectronic properties from the substrate effects, allows for observing quantum phenomena at room temperature.
Synthesis and stereochemistry of oxazolo[4′,5′:1,2]benz[5,4,3‐c, d]‐indole derivatives as intermediates on the way to a selective dopamine autoreceptor agonist (1996)

Abstract An expedient and practical variant of the synthesis of the selective dopamine autoreceptor agonist 5 from the benzindolone 1 is described. The reaction sequence includes a two‐fold epimerization at the α‐position of the lactam function. The structure of the intermediate 9a was confirmed by X‐ray structure analysis.
23.4 A 28W -108.9dB/-102.2dB THD/THD+N Hybrid $\Delta\Sigma-$-PWM Class-D Audio Amplifier with 91% Peak Efficiency and Reduced EMI Emission (2020)

Class-D amplifiers are often used in high-power audio applications due to their high power efficiency. They typically employ pulse-width modulation (PWM) at a fixed carrier frequency, which may cause electromagnetic interference (EMI). Setting this frequency (f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">PWM</sub> ) below the AM band (535 to 1605kHz) helps mitigate this, but its harmonics still contain substantial energy and must be filtered out by bulky LC filters with low cut-off frequencies (f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C</sub> = 20 to 40kHz), significantly increasing system cost and size. Stability considerations also constrain the amplifier's unity-gain frequency to be <; f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">PWM</sub> /π [1], compromising the audio-band loop gain required to suppress output-stage nonlinearity. Setting f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">PWM</sub> above the AM band helps increase fC and allows a higher loop gain [2]. However, this results in narrower pulses at higher power levels (higher modulation index), which cannot be faithfully produced by the output stage, thus exacerbating its non-linearity. Delta-sigma modulation (ΔΣM) has fixed pulse widths and does not suffer from these narrow-pulse artefacts. However, the out-of-band noise of 1bit modulators then requires larger LC filters. Moreover, high-order loop filters must be used to achieve sufficient SQNR, which then require additional techniques to maintain stability as the modulation range approaches 100% [3].
TiO2 Nanoparticle–Photopolymer Composites for Volume Holographic Recording (2005)

Abstract A new and efficient photopolymer for the recording of volume holograms is presented. The material comprises a mixture of UV‐sensitive acrylates and grafted titanium dioxide nanoparticles with an average size of 4 nm. We report the formation of holographic gratings with refractive‐index modulation amplitudes of up to 15.5 × 10 –3 —an improvement of more than a factor of four over the base material without nanoparticles—while maintaining a low level of scattering and a high transparency in the visible‐wavelength range. The influence of the composition of the acrylate system on the final properties of the holographic material is also investigated and discussed. The presence of multifunctional monomers favors the compositional segregation of the different components, while the addition of monofunctional acrylate, highly compatible with the grafting of the nanoparticles, favors the dilution of these nanoparticles.
Intracavity gain dynamics of an external cavity multi-wavelength hybrid semiconductor mode-locked laser (2006)

The intracavity gain dynamics of an external cavity semiconductor mode-locked laser are measured, showing how pulses corresponding to different wavelengths are temporally skewed, leading to a slow gain depletion avoiding nonlinearities, which enables multiwavelength operation.
Tierkreis: A Dataflow Framework for Hybrid Quantum-Classical Computing (2022)

We present Tierkreis, a higher-order dataflow graph program representation and runtime designed for compositional, quantum-classical hybrid algorithms. The design of the system is motivated by the remote nature of quantum computers, the need for hybrid algorithms to involve cloud and distributed computing, and the long-running nature of these algorithms. The graph-based representation reflects how designers reason about and visualise algorithms, and allows automatic parallelism and asynchronicity. A strong, static type system and higher-order semantics allow for high expressivity and compositionality in the program. The flexible runtime protocol enables third-party developers to add functionality using any language or environment. With Tierkreis, quantum software developers can easily build, visualise, verify, test, and debug complex hybrid workflows, and immediately deploy them to the cloud or a custom distributed environment.
The T cell repertoire in response to foreign and self-antigens. (1992)

Les molecules de classe I et de classe II codees par le Complexe Majeur d'Histocompatibilite (CMH) sont considerees comme des recepteurs peptidiques de large specificite. L'ensemble des peptides du soi, selectionnes par les molecules du CHM pendant le developpement de l'organisme est capable d'induire la tolerance des lymphocytes T et forme le soi immunologique. Dans le but de comprendre comment les cellules T apprennent le soi immunologique, nous nous sommes poses deux questions: (a) comment le recepteur pour l'antigene des lymphocytes T reconnait le complexe CMH-peptide [1]
Glucose Control in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Patients Using an Insulin–Glucose Algorithm (2007)

The PID algorithm safely and effectively controlled hyperglycemia in a PICU, despite multiple changes in intravenous fluids, steroid doses (including high-dose pulses), and hemodialysis.
Canfam_GSD: De novo chromosome-length genome assembly of the German Shepherd Dog (Canis lupus familiaris) using a combination of long reads, optical mapping, and Hi-C (2020)

GSD genome assembly and annotation were produced with major improvement in completeness, continuity, and quality over the existing canid reference. This resource will enable further research related to canine diseases, the evolutionary relationships of canids, and other aspects of canid biology.
On Optimizing Green Energy Utilization for Cellular Networks with Hybrid Energy Supplies (2013)

Green communications has received much attention recently. For cellular networks, the base stations (BSs) account for more than 50 percent of the energy consumption of the networks. Therefore, reducing the power consumption of BSs is crucial to achieve green cellular networks. With the development of green energy technologies, BSs are able to be powered by green energy in order to reduce the on-grid energy consumption, thus reducing the CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> footprints. In this paper, we envision that the BSs of future cellular networks are powered by both on-grid energy and green energy. We optimize the energy utilization in such networks by maximizing the utilization of green energy, and thus saving on-grid energy. The optimal usage of green energy depends on the characteristics of the energy generation and the mobile traffic, which exhibit both temporal and spatial diversities. We decompose the problem into two sub-problems: the multi-stage energy allocation problem and the multi-BSs energy balancing problem. We propose algorithms to solve these sub-problems, and subsequently solve the green energy optimization problem. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed solution achieves significant on-grid energy savings.
Reverse Genetics of Influenza Viruses (2012)

The ability to modify influenza viruses at will has revolutionized influenza research. Reverse genetics has been used to generate mutant or reassortant influenza viruses to assess their replication, virulence, pathogenicity, host range, and transmissibility. Moreover, this technology is now being used to generate approved influenza virus vaccines and develop novel vaccines to combat seasonal and (future) pandemic influenza viruses. Several variations of the original system have been established, all of which are considerably robust and efficient.
Evidence for molecular Cr3+ cross-links in Cr3+/polyacrylamide gels (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEvidence for molecular Cr3+ cross-links in Cr3+/polyacrylamide gelsGiovanni Burrafato, Stefano Carminati, Fabrizio Bonaccorsi, and Thomas P. LockhartCite this: Macromolecules 1990, 23, 8, 2402–2406Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00210a044https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00210a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views166Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Nitrogen gas (N2), by near-ambient pressure XPS (2019)

Near-ambient pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (NAP-XPS) is a less traditional form of XPS that allows samples to be analyzed at relatively high pressures, i.e., at ca. 2500 Pa, or even higher in some cases. With NAP-XPS, XPS can probe moderately volatile liquids, biological samples, porous materials, and/or polymeric materials that outgas significantly. In this submission, we show NAP-XPS survey and narrow scans from nitrogen gas (N2), a material that could not be analyzed at moderate pressures by conventional approaches. Nitrogen gas is an important reference material for NAP-XPS because residual N2 from the air and/or venting produces an N 1s signal in many NAP-XPS spectra. Nitrogen gas may also be deliberately employed as the gaseous background for NAP-XPS experiments. The survey spectrum of N2 gas contains N 1s, N 2s, N KLL (Auger), and valence band signals. This submission is part of a series of articles on NAP-XPS that has been submitted to Surface Science Spectra.
Fabrication of Polystyrene Latex Nanostructures by Nanomanipulation and Thermal Processing (2005)

The capability to fabricate nanoscale structures is a fundamental step toward realizing the promise and potential of nanotechnology. We report on precise manipulation and thermal processing using 100-nm polystyrene latex nanoparticles. This approach is illustrated by fabricating a three-dimensional nanostructure by using an AFM tip to position nanoparticles and then thermally processing to "sinter" the particles to form a contiguous, stable structure. We suggest that this is a general approach, but the use of polystyrene latex particles offers an advantage of low-temperature processing. Use of polystyrene latex also extends the range of materials for which we have demonstrated manipulation and suggests applications including fluorescent doping and electrically conducting polymers.
Chemistry via metal atom cocondensation: isomerization and complexation reactions of organocyclopropanes and spirocycles (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemistry via metal atom cocondensation: isomerization and complexation reactions of organocyclopropanes and spirocyclesA. J. Lee Hanlan, R. C. Ugolick, J. G. Fulcher, S. Togashi, A. B. Bocarsly, and J. A. GladyszCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1980, 19, 6, 1543–1551Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50208a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50208a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views185Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Role of essential trace elements and telomere length in endothelial cell senescence in patients with coronary artery disease (2018)

Introduction: Vascular endothelial cell senescence has been involved in endothelial dysfunction and inflammation and promotes atherosclerosis; moreover, vascular endothelial cells with senescent phenotype have been found in the human atherosclerotic plaques. The mechanism of senescence of endothelial cell through telomere length (TL) shortening has been explained but, with reference to micronutrient status, was not fully clarified. To our knowledge, there is no study on the level of telomere/telomerase with the combination of micronutrient levels in coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: Twenty patients of angiographically diagnosed CAD and twenty age-matched controls (≤40 years) without CAD were studied for their circulatory endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) by flow cytometry. EPC-TL was studied by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and selenium levels in serum were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The association across the serum trace elements and TL was made and correlated with disease condition. Results: EPC count in CAD patients was observed to be lower than that compared with controls (0.18% vs. 0.049%) (P < 0.0001). Cellular TL in CAD statistically decreased compared to that of normal controls (4.21 vs. 5.32) kb/genome (P = 0.008). Serum Zn and Cu levels were significantly low in CAD compared with the controls (P < 0.001). TL and Cu and Zn levels were found positively correlated in the CAD patients and controls (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Reduced levels of telomerase may be due to lower concentration of Cu and Zn, which leads to decreased antioxidant capacity. Establishing a standardized method of evaluating TL and trace elements involved in cholesterol metabolism is essential before its routine use in preventive cardiology.
Exploring quality-of-service issues in network interface design. (1997)

This dissertation examines issues related to the design and implementation of communication subsystems for quality-of-service (QoS). End-to-end communication performance is determined by factors such as the underlying network technology, the end-host operating system, and the host-network interface. Increasing network speeds shifts the performance bottleneck to the end hosts, especially to the hardware and software components of the communication subsystem. The tradeoffs involved in providing QoS in communication are explored by implementing real-time communication services using the Ancor VME CIM 250 (CIM), a commercial network adapter that does not provide QoS support. Though QoS guarantees are achieved, architectural deficiencies in the design of the CIM result in throughput which is much less than the capacity of its network link or the host's memory bandwidth. An Emulated Network Device (END) tool is proposed and implemented to address the above deficiencies. END couples a representative executable model of an adapter to a host, allowing the host's communication software to interact with this model in real time. END may be used to design and analyze network adapters before they are built, thus helping avoid costly design errors. A representative model of the CIM was built using END. This model was modified to show how the CIM's throughput could be increased by up to 50%. END is used to examine how QoS support may be divided between host operating systems and network adapters. For various system configurations, these experiments establish that QoS support on adapters significantly enhances delivered QoS for transmission. QoS for reception presents unique challenges since, unlike transmission, the host has no control over incoming data. In an interrupt-driven operating system, high packet arrival rates can result in receive livelock. A novel adapter-based solution to this problem is proposed, and its advantages are demonstrated using END. This research describes the architecture and implementation of END and demonstrates its versatility as a design and analysis tool by using it for: (a) construction of representative models of existing adapters, (b) introducing and evaluating design improvements, (c) evaluating the efficacy of QoS support on the host and/or adapter, and (d) studying reception issues in interface design.
A mechanism for elbow exoskeleton for customised training (2017)

It is well proven that repetitive extensive training consisting of active and passive therapy is effective for patients suffering from neuromuscular deficits. The level of difficulty in rehabilitation should be increased with time to improve the neurological muscle functions. A portable elbow exoskeleton has been designed that will meet these requirements and potentially offers superior outcomes than human-assisted training. The proposed exoskeleton can provide both active and passive rehabilitation in a single structure without changing its configuration. The idea is to offer three levels of rehabilitation; namely active, passive and stiffness control in a single device using a single actuator. The mechanism also provides higher torque to weight ratio making it an energy efficient mechanism.
PD-1 mediates functional exhaustion of activated NK cells in patients with Kaposi sarcoma (2016)

Programmed Death-1 (PD-1), an inhibitory receptor expressed by activated lymphocytes, is involved in regulating T- and B-cell responses. PD-1 and its ligands are exploited by a variety of cancers to facilitate tumor escape through PD-1-mediated functional exhaustion of effector T cells. Here, we report that PD-1 is upregulated on Natural Killer (NK) cells from patients with Kaposi sarcoma (KS). PD-1 was expressed in a sub-population of activated, mature CD56dimCD16pos NK cells with otherwise normal expression of NK surface receptors. PD-1pos NK cells from KS patients were hyporesponsive ex vivo following direct triggering of NKp30, NKp46 or CD16 activating receptors, or short stimulation with NK cell targets. PD-1pos NK cells failed to degranulate and release IFNγ, but exogenous IL-2 or IL-15 restored this defect. That PD-1 contributed to NK cell functional impairment and was not simply a marker of dysfunctional NK cells was confirmed in PD-1-transduced NKL cells. In vitro, PD-1 was induced at the surface of healthy control NK cells upon prolonged contact with cells expressing activating ligands, i.e. a condition mimicking persistent stimulation by tumor cells. Thus, PD-1 appears to plays a critical role in mediating NK cell exhaustion. The existence of this negative checkpoint fine-tuning NK activation highlights the possibility that manipulation of the PD-1 pathway may be a strategy for circumventing tumor escape not only from the T cell-, but also the NK-cell mediated immune surveillance.
Cover Feature: Ultrasmall CuI Nanoparticles Stabilized on Surface of HPMC: An Efficient Catalyst for Fast and Organic Solvent‐Free Tandem Click Chemistry in Water (ChemSusChem 3/2023) (2023)

The Cover Feature shows that the food additive hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) generates hydrophobic pockets for sustainable catalysis, enabling completely organic solvent-free, fast, and clean one-pot click chemistry in water: No organic solvents and product purification needed in the entire process! More information can be found in the Research Article by S. Sharma et al.
Saci-1, -2, and -3 and Perere, Four Novel Retrotransposons with High Transcriptional Activities from the Human Parasite Schistosoma mansoni (2004)

Using the data set of 180,000 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) of the blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni generated recently by our group, we identified three novel long-terminal-repeat (LTR)- and one novel non-LTR-expressed retrotransposon, named Saci-1, -2, and -3 and Perere, respectively. Full-length sequences were reconstructed from ESTs and have deduced open reading frames (ORFs) with several uncorrupted features, characterizing them as possible active retrotransposons of different known transposon families. Alignment of reconstructed sequences to available preliminary genome sequence data confirmed the overall structure of the transposons. The frequency of sequenced transposon transcripts in cercariae was 14% of all transcripts from that stage, twofold higher than that in schistosomula and three- to fourfold higher than that in adults, eggs, miracidia, and germ balls. We show by Southern blot analysis, by EST annotation and tallying, and by counting transposon tags from a Serial Analysis of Gene Expression library, that the four novel retrotransposons exhibit a 10- to 30-fold lower copy number in the genome and a 4- to 200-fold-higher transcriptional rate per copy than the four previously described S. mansoni retrotransposons [corrected]. Such differences lead us to hypothesize that there are two different populations of retrotransposons in S. mansoni genome, occupying different niches in its ecology. Examples of retrotransposon fragment inserts were found into the 5' and 3' untranslated regions of four different S. mansoni target gene transcripts. The data presented here suggest a role for these elements in the dynamics of this complex human parasite genome.