gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Supervised Aggregation of Classifiers using Artificial Prediction Markets (2010)

Prediction markets are used in real life to predict outcomes of interest such as presidential elections. In this work we introduce a mathematical theory for Artificial Prediction Markets for supervised classifier aggregation and probability estimation. We introduce the artificial prediction market as a novel way to aggregate classifiers. We derive the market equations to enforce total budget conservation, show the market price uniqueness and give efficient algorithms for computing it. We show how to train the market participants by updating their budgets using training examples. We introduce classifier specialization as a new differentiating characteristic between classifiers. Finally, we present experiments using random decision rules as specialized classifiers and show that the prediction market consistently outperforms Random Forest on real and synthetic data of varying degrees of difficulty. 1.
V2V Communication Quality: Measurements in a Cooperative Automotive Platooning Application (2014)

This paper presents measurements on Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) communication between participants in a platooning application. Platooning, according to the SARTRE concept, implies several vehicles travelling together in tight formation, with a manually driven heavy lead vehicle. The platoon being studied consists of five vehicles; two trucks in the lead and three passenger cars. The V2V-communication node in each vehicle contains an 802.11p radio at 5,9 GHz. It is used to send messages between vehicles to coordinate movements and maintain safety in the platoon. Another cooperative application that relies on V2V-communication is multiple UAVs flying in formation; as investigated in KARYON. This project also investigates cooperative autonomous vehicles. In both applications, V2V-communication is an enabling technology. Two metrics are studied to quantify the V2V-communication quality: system packet error rate and consecutive packet loss. These two metrics characterize the communication quality in the different tests (speed, antenna position and two tracks). The paper draws general conclusions on the performance of V2V-communication. The presented test results supports comparison of the tested antenna placements on the trucks and the communication quality related to speed and track.
Rotating AC Machines (2011)

Rotating machines (motors and generators) employ copper windings on rotor and stator. This chapter discusses machine design issues relating to stator, rotor, and EM shield. The manufacture of a superconducting machine is quite similar to that of a conventional machine except for the following components: 1. superconducting field winding and its cooling system; 2. torque transfer from the superconducting field winding to a warm shaft; 3. stator winding. Manufacturing issues relating to these areas are discussed in the chapter. Superconducting motors and generators need an analytical model for simulation in an electric grid or for control with power electronics. Once the high temperature superconductor (HTS) technology becomes affordable, the possible applications could include motors and generators for central power stations, wind turbine generators, ship propulsion motors, industrial motors, and synchronous condensers, for example. Controlled Vocabulary Terms AC generators; AC motors; design; high-temperature superconductors
Fudan University at TRECVID 2010 : Semantic Indexing. (2010)

In this notebook paper we describe our participation in the NIST TRECVID 2010 evaluation. We took part in semantic indexing task of benchmark this year. For semantic indexing, we submitted 3 automatic runs using only IACC training data:
Development and testing of prediction models for end stage kidney disease patient nonadherence to renal replacement treatment regimens utilizing big data and healthcare informatics (2015)

In patients with end stage kidney disease (ESKD), renal replacement therapy assumes some functions of the diseased kidney and is required to sustain life. Hemodialysis (HD) is the primary modality for treatment of ESKD and includes treatments to filter the body's toxins from the blood three times per week. It has been shown that nonadherence with dialysis treatment regimens is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, even with missing one routine session of HD [1][2]. We aimed to utilize clinical and nonclinical data sources to develop predictive models (PMs) that identify patients with a high probability of not attending their HD treatments within the following week.
Content auditing using video signatures (2010)

The large amount of broadcast and multimedia distribution channels introduces a new challenge for the advertisement industry. Keeping track of ad placements and effectiveness is highly necessary. This paper introduces a novel method for content monitoring and control through the use of video signatures. A video tomography based video signature is used. The goal is to determine the number of times a particular advt. clip is included in a video stream. The proposed method is low complexity and can monitor video streams in real-time. The proposed method not only allows the monitoring of the broadcast transmission, but also permits the extraction of user statistical behavior if this solution is included in setup boxes.
Chemical characterisation of polymerised extractives in bleached birch kraft pulp (2019)

Abstract The main aim of this study was to chemically characterise the polymeric fraction of birch pulp extractives. We showed that 70–96% of the material in extracts of fully bleached birch kraft elemental chlorine-free (ECF) pulp from three Finnish mills consists of compounds that are undetectable by conventional gas chromatography (GC) analysis, i.e. high-molar mass (HM) material. There were small variations in the extractive content and composition between the three mills, but the overall trend was the same. The HM material was present mainly in the acetone extracts, and the molar mass was shown to range between ca. 1000 and 10 000 Da. Alkaline hydrolysis of the hexane and acetone extracts released fatty acids (FAs) especially, but also sterols and triterpenoids. The dominating FAs were palmitic and stearic acids. Pyrolysis and thermally assisted hydrolysis and methylation (THM)-GC-mass spectrometry (MS) analyses confirmed that the HM material consists mainly of FA units, and additionally of sterol, triterpenoid and aromatic units. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis further confirmed the presence of FAs containing aromatic groups, but also glycerol units. The FA chains seemed to be linked to each other by ester linkages mainly, although ether linkages were also present. The FA oligomers and polymers may have a suberin-like structure.
Resilient Auctions of One Good in Limited Supply (2008)

We present various resilient auction mechanisms for a good in limited supply. Our mechanisms achieve both player-knowledge and aggregated player-knowledge benchmarks.
Heteronanoparticles by self-Assembly of Doxorubicin and Cyclopamine Conjugates (2017)

The preparation of heteronanoparticles (NPs) with doxorubicin (DOXO) and cyclopamine (CYP) conjugates is presented. Biological evaluation on A431 cell lines confirms the maintenance of the activity of the parental drugs. The <i>in vivo</i> study shows that self-assembled NPs reduce tumor growth and toxicity of chemotherapy.
Synthesis and Reactivity of RuCp*(κ2(P,N)-Ph2PCH2CH2NMe2)Cl. Chelate-Assisted Methyl C−H Activation and Formation of the Novel Complex [RuCp*(κ3(P,N,C)- Ph2PCH2CH2N(CH2)Me)Cl]BPh4 (1997)

RuCp*(κ2(P,N)-Ph2PCH2CH2NMe2)Cl (1) is afforded in 87% yield by the reaction of RuCp*(η4-isoprene)Cl with 1 equiv of Ph2PCH2CH2NMe2 in CH2Cl2 as the solvent. The hemilabile nature of the Ph2PCH2CH2NMe2 ligand in 1 is revealed by the reaction with carbon monoxide, whereupon the neutral complex RuCp*(κ1(P)-Ph2PCH2CH2NMe2)(Cl)(CO) (2) is obtained bearing the Ph2PCH2CH2NMe2 ligand in κ1(P)-coordinated fashion. Chloride abstraction from 1 with TlCF3SO3 led to RuCp*(κ2(P,N)-Ph2PCH2CH2NMe2)(η1-OSO2CF3) (3), where CF3SO3- is directly bound to the metal center. Both 1 and 3 are convenient precursors for the synthesis of the cationic vinylidene complex [RuCp*(κ2(P,N)-Ph2PCH2CH2NMe2)(CCHPh)]+ (4). When chloride abstraction from 1 was performed with NaBPh4 in CH2Cl2 instead of TlCF3SO3 in tetrahydrofuran as the solvent, the novel cationic Ru(IV) complex [RuCp*(κ3(P,N,C)-Ph2PCH2CH2N(CH2)Me)Cl]+ (5) was formed. This reaction likely proceeds via the cationic 16e- complex [RuCp*(κ2(P,N)-Ph2PCH2CH2NMe2)]+, which then readily undergoes methyl β-hydrogen elimination to give the cyclometalated cationic hydrido complex [RuCp*(κ3(P,N,C)-Ph2PCH2CH2N(CH2)Me)H]+. This latter complex is trapped in CH2Cl2 or CD2Cl2 as the chloro complex 5. Preliminary results on the catalytic activity of 1 are also presented. Thus, 1 is shown to catalyze the dimerization and cyclotrimerization of some terminal alkynes HC⋮CR. Whereas with R = Ph, SiMe3, and n-Bu, isomeric mixtures of head-to-head and head-to-tail coupling products are obtained, in the case of R = COOEt, cyclotrimerization takes place exclusively. X-ray structures of complexes 1, 3, 4, and 5 are presented.
Identification of Genome-Scale Metabolic Network Models Using Experimentally Measured Flux Profiles (2006)

Genome-scale metabolic network models can be reconstructed for well-characterized organisms using genomic annotation and literature information. However, there are many instances in which model predictions of metabolic fluxes are not entirely consistent with experimental data, indicating that the reactions in the model do not match the active reactions in the in vivo system. We introduce a method for determining the active reactions in a genome-scale metabolic network based on a limited number of experimentally measured fluxes. This method, called optimal metabolic network identification (OMNI), allows efficient identification of the set of reactions that results in the best agreement between in silico predicted and experimentally measured flux distributions. We applied the method to intracellular flux data for evolved Escherichia coli mutant strains with lower than predicted growth rates in order to identify reactions that act as flux bottlenecks in these strains. The expression of the genes corresponding to these bottleneck reactions was often found to be downregulated in the evolved strains relative to the wild-type strain. We also demonstrate the ability of the OMNI method to diagnose problems in E. coli strains engineered for metabolite overproduction that have not reached their predicted production potential. The OMNI method applied to flux data for evolved strains can be used to provide insights into mechanisms that limit the ability of microbial strains to evolve towards their predicted optimal growth phenotypes. When applied to industrial production strains, the OMNI method can also be used to suggest metabolic engineering strategies to improve byproduct secretion. In addition to these applications, the method should prove to be useful in general for reconstructing metabolic networks of ill-characterized microbial organisms based on limited amounts of experimental data.
Image reconstruction for PET/CT scanners: past achievements and future challenges (2010)

PET is a medical imaging modality with proven clinical value for disease diagnosis and treatment monitoring. The integration of PET and CT on modern scanners provides a synergy of the two imaging modalities. Through different mathematical algorithms, PET data can be reconstructed into the spatial distribution of the injected radiotracer. With dynamic imaging, kinetic parameters of specific biological processes can also be determined. Numerous efforts have been devoted to the development of PET image reconstruction methods over the last four decades, encompassing analytic and iterative reconstruction methods. This article provides an overview of the commonly used methods. Current challenges in PET image reconstruction include more accurate quantitation, TOF imaging, system modeling, motion correction and dynamic reconstruction. Advances in these aspects could enhance the use of PET/CT imaging in patient care and in clinical research studies of pathophysiology and therapeutic interventions.
The role of protein kinase C in interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor alpha induction of fibroblasts to produce and release granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating activity. (1990)

The process of signal transduction by interleukin 1 (IL-1) or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) for the production of hematopoietic growth factors by cultured fibroblasts was studied using inhibitors for protein kinase C, cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinases, calmodulin-dependent protein kinases, and the Na(+)-H+ antiport system. The protein kinase C inhibitor H-7 was shown to inhibit both IL-1 beta- and TNF alpha-induced granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating activity (GM-CSA) production and release from cultured fibroblasts in a dose-dependent manner, with 40 microM H-7 demonstrating maximum suppression of the GM-CSA response. In addition, 100-200 nM staurosporine, a more potent inhibitor of protein kinase C, also completely suppressed GM-CSA from IL-1 beta- and TNF alpha-induced fibroblasts. In contrast, a potent inhibitor of cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinases, HA1004, showed no effect when used at 10-40 microM. In addition, an inhibitor of calmodulin-induced protein kinases, W-7, also showed no effect when used at 10-30 microM. Prior incubation with H-7 did not inhibit the ability of fibroblasts to subsequently respond to IL-1 beta or TNF alpha, nor did H-7 directly inhibit the granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming assay. Both dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate (10-30 microM) and forskolin (1-100 nM), activators of adenylate cyclase, in the presence or absence of the phosphodiesterase inhibitor isobutylmethylxanthine, failed to stimulate a GM-CSA response from cultured fibroblasts, indicating a lack of effect of cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinases. Furthermore, the addition of H-7 30 min after induction with IL-1 beta or TNF alpha showed little effect on the synthesis of GM-CSA by cultured fibroblasts, indicating that the signal transduction process probably occurred within the first 30 min of ligand-receptor interaction. Finally, amelioride, an inhibitor of the Na(+)-H+ antiport, was shown to inhibit IL-1 beta-induced GM-CSA in a dose-dependent manner.
From the wild red jungle fowl to domesticated chickens: modification of eimerian-microbiome-host interactions (2015)

Domestication of chickens from the wild red jungle fowl and modernisation of the poultry industry has changed both poultry and their intestinal microbiome, specifically the eimerian-microbiome-host relationship. Eimeria spp. represent an enteric parasite that has a long co-evolutionary history with their hosts. These parasites have adapted to suit an environment in which chickens thrive and the chickens' intestinal environment, including the changing host microbiome. This review will delve into the changes in eimerian-host interactions with wild red jungle fowl versus domesticated chickens. The changing nature and composition of the intestinal microbiota as it followed the red jungle fowl into domestication and the relationship of this evolving microbiota with coccidia will be explored. Better comprehension of the web of interactions among the evolving eimerian-microbiome-host relationship will allow for the responsible exploitation of these relationships to maximise poultry health and productivity.
Advantages and pitfalls of noninvasive electrocardiographic imaging (2019)

This study validates a potential-based ECGI approach to noninvasively image activation and recovery in sinus rhythm. Despite inaccuracies in epicardial breakthroughs and lines of conduction block, other important clinical features such as regions of abnormal repolarization can be accurately derived making ECGI a valuable clinical tool.
Oxide Growth Efficiencies and Self-Organization of TiO2Nanotubes (2012)

Self-organization of anodic oxide to TiO2 nanotubes has attracted in the past few years wide interest. Recent theoretical modeling predicted that self-organization occurs when the efficiency of oxide growth lies in the certain range specific to the anodized material. The present paper analyzes the experimental range of efficiencies during growth of self-organized TiO2 nanotubes and it compares the obtained results with the most advanced theoretical model on self-organization over a wide range of experimental conditions. The paper addresses in detail a number of critical experimental issues, which should be considered when oxide growth efficiencies of nanotubes are extracted. Finally we confront our data with theoretical predictions of stability regimes for the self-organization.
Management of persistent shoulder pain: a treatment algorithm. (2005)

Treatment of patients with complex multifactorial diseases can be clarified by the development of clear, evidence-based treatment guidelines or algorithms. This article presents a detailed algorithm for the management of patients who present with persistent shoulder pain secondary to rotator cuff disorder, adhesive capsulitis, or glenohumeral osteoarthritis. The algorithm includes both nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic interventions and provides a stepwise approach for managing patients' care. While "treatment pathways" are set forth for these specific disorders, the algorithm also provides a common nonoperative protocol for general shoulder conditions that should help simplify patient management and guide clinicians to alternative therapies.
Controllable lasing performance in solution-processed organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites (2016)

Solution-processed organic-inorganic perovskites are fascinating due to their remarkable photo-conversion efficiency and great potential in the cost-effective, versatile and large-scale manufacturing of optoelectronic devices. In this paper, we demonstrate that the perovskite nanocrystal sizes can be simply controlled by manipulating the precursor solution concentrations in a two-step sequential deposition process, thus achieving the feasible tunability of excitonic properties and lasing performance in hybrid metal-halide perovskites. The lasing threshold is at around 230 μJ cm<sup>-2</sup> in this solution-processed organic-inorganic lead-halide material, which is comparable to the colloidal quantum dot lasers. The efficient stimulated emission originates from the multiple random scattering provided by the micro-meter scale rugged morphology and polycrystalline grain boundaries. Thus the excitonic properties in perovskites exhibit high correlation with the formed morphology of the perovskite nanocrystals. Compared to the conventional lasers normally serving as a coherent light source, the perovskite random lasers are promising in making low-cost thin-film lasing devices for flexible and speckle-free imaging applications.
“Toughening and stress-reducing effects in composites formulated with thiourethane-treated fillers: systematic evaluation of the influence of filler size, loading and surface treatment” (2021)

Abstract Objectives: Filler particle functionalization with thiourethane oligomers has been shown to increase fracture toughness and decrease polymerization stress in dental composites, though the mechanism is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to systematically characterize the effect of the type of filler surface functionalization on the physicochemical properties of experimental resin composites containing fillers of different size and volume fraction. Methods: Barium glass fillers (1, 3 and 10 µm) were functionalized with 2 wt% thiourethane-silane (TU-Sil) synthesized de novo and characterized by thermogravimetric analysis. Fillers treated with 3-(Trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate (MA-Sil) and with no surface treatment (No-Sil) served as controls. Fillers (50, 60 and 70 wt%) were incorporated into BisGMA-UDMA-TEGDMA (5:3:2) containing camphorquinone/ethyl-4-dimethylaminobenzoate (0.2/0.8 wt%) and 0.2 wt% di-tert-butyl hydroxytoluene. The functionalized particles were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis and a representative group was tagged with methacrylated rhodamine B and analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Polymerization kinetics were assessed by near-IR spectroscopy. Polymerization stress was tested in a cantilever system, and fracture toughness was assessed with single edge-notched beams. Fracture surfaces were characterized by SEM. Data were analyzed with ANOVA/Tukey's test (α = 0.05). Results and Conclusions: The grafting of thiourethane oligomer onto the surface of the filler particles led to reductions in polymerization stress ranging between 41% and 54%, without affecting the viscosity of the composite. Fracture toughness increased on average by 35% for composites with the experimental fillers compared with the traditional methacrylate-silanized groups. SEM and confocal analyses demonstrate that the coverage of the filler surface was not homogeneous and varied with the size of the filler. The average silane layer for the 1 µm particle functionalized with the thiourethane was 206 nm, much thicker than reported for traditional silanes. In summary, this study systematically characterized the silane layer and established structure-property relationships for methacrylate and thiourethane silane-containing materials. The results demonstrate that significant stress reductions and fracture toughness increases are obtained by judiciously tailoring the organic-inorganic interface in dental composites.
A Numerical Investigation of Bolt Underhead Temperature Evolution During Tightening (2007)

The temperature rise that occurs due to frictional heating under the turning fastener head during the tightening process of bolted joints can have a significant effect on surface and thread wear and galling. The subject has received little attention in the scientific literature. In the present study, the spatial and temporal temperature rise in a bolt during the tightening process are numerically investigated for a variety of sliding and loading conditions using finite difference methods. The effect of tightening speed, angle of turn, and frictional energy input is numerically investigated. Tightening speeds were varied between 1 RPM and 3000 RPM and the angle of turn was varied between 15 and 720 degrees past free spinning; this range of turn simulates joint stiffness variation from very hard to very soft joints. Significant temperature rises of the bolt underhead were observed for higher tightening speeds and the potential for localized melting or near-melting temperatures was shown. In the case of lower tightening speeds, the temperature rise was not as dramatic, but temperature increases are then observed along the length of the shank, showing the possibility of contributing to thermally induced galling between the threads. Due to the temperature variations observed in most cases in the underhead and along the bolt shank, this study indicates that such thermal effects should be considered when modeling the wear of bolted joints, particularly in cases involving larger tightening speeds or softer joints.