gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermal imaging of repetitive events at above-frame-rate frequencies (1990)

We have developed a technique that enables us to acquire images of high speed (>60 Hz), repetitive thermal phenomena. A prototype system has been built and used successfully to image events occurring at frequencies as high as 1 kHz. The theoretical upper frequency limit for the system is 4 kHz. The time required to acquire images with this technique is proportional to the frequency of the event of interest. The prototype system consists of an off-the-shelf imaging radiometer (Inframetrics lR 600), a microcomputer, and specially developed hardware and software. In this paper, we describe the theory and operation of the system.
System performance evaluation of mobile positioning methods (2003)

This paper presents a simulation methodology for evaluating the performance of location techniques for cellular systems. The simulation tool developed enables quantification of the final system performance for various choices of components such as measurement techniques, channel models and position computation methods. Positioning performance of a GSM and IS-136 cellular system is shown for a specific choice of measurements and algorithms in various radio environments. The variation in performance with the choices of system parameters such as number of measurements made per position computation is shown.
Contactless Electrical and Structural Characterization of Semiconductor Nanowires with Axially Modulated Doping Profiles (2019)

Efficient characterization of semiconductor nanowires having complex dopant profiles or heterostructures is critical to fully understand these materials and the devices built from them. Existing electrical characterization techniques are slow and laborious, particularly for multisegment nanowires, and impede the statistical understanding of highly variable samples. Here, it is shown that electro-orientation spectroscopy (EOS)-a high-throughput, noncontact method for statistically characterizing the electrical properties of entire nanowire ensembles-can determine the conductivity and dimensions of two distinct segments in individual Si nanowires with axially encoded dopant profiles. This analysis combines experimental measurements and computational simulations to determine the electrical conductivity of the nominally undoped segment of two-segment Si nanowires, as well as the ratio of the segment lengths. The efficacy of this approach is demonstrated by comparing results generated by EOS with conventional four-point-probe measurements. This work provides new insights into the control and variability of semiconductor nanowires for electronic applications and is a critical first step toward the high-throughput interrogation of complete nanowire-based devices.
Communications Scenarisos and a New Mixed Numerology Set for Flying Base Stations in 5G and Beyond (2018)

In many ongoing universal projects, base stations are located in the different type of aerial vehicles with the increasing number of aeronautical platforms and applications. It triggers the different research opportunities on aerial platform based high mobility communications. Meanwhile, 5G systems are being developed and they need to be integrated with the aerial platform based base station systems. This paper proposes a novel mixed numerology set that works better in channel scenarios for high mobility aerial communications. Simulation results show that new numerology set gives better results than the 5G numerology set under aerial scenarios.
Networking of three dimensional sonography volume data (2000)

Three-dimensioned (3D) sonography enables the examiner to store, instead of copies from single B-scan planes, a volume consisting of 300 scan planes. The volume is displayed on a monitor in form of three orthogonal planes--longitudinal, axial and coronal. Translation and rotation facilitates anatomical orientation and provides any arbitrary plane within the volume to generate organ optimized scan planes. Different algorithms allow the extraction of different information such as surface, or bone structures by maximum mode, or fluid filled structures, such as vessels by the minimum mode. The volume may contain as well color information of vessels. The digitized information is stored on a magnetic optical disc. This allows virtual scanning in absence of the patient under the same conditions as the volume was primarily stored. The volume size is dependent on different, examiner-controlled settings. A volume may need a storage capacity between 2 and 16 MB of 8-bit gray level information. As such huge data sets are unsuitable for network transfer, data compression is of paramount interest. 100 stored volumes were submitted to JPEG, MPEG, and biorthogonal wavelet compression. The original and compressed volumes were randomly shown on two monitors. In case of noticeable image degradation, information on the location of the original and compressed volume and the ratio of compression was read. Numerical values for proving compression fidelity as pixel error calculation and computation of square root error have been unsuitable for evaluating image degradation. The best results in recognizing image degradation were achieved by image experts. The experts disagreed on the ratio where image degradation became visible in only 4% of the volumes. Wavelet compression ratios of 20:1 or 30:1 could be performed without discernible information reduction. The effect of volume compression is reflected both in the reduction of transfer time and in storage capacity. Transmission time for a volume of 6 MB using a normal telephone with a data flow of 56 kB/s was reduced from 14 min to 28 s at a compression rate of 30:1. Compression reduced storage requirements from 6 MB uncompressed to 200 kB at a compression rate of 30:1. This successful compression opens new possibilities of intra- and extra-hospital and global information for 3D sonography. The key to this communication is not only volume compression, but also the fact that the 3D examination can be simulated on any PC by the developed 3D software. PACS teleradiology using digitized radiographs transmitted over standard telephone lines. Systems in combination with the management systems of HIS and RIS are available for archiving, retrieval of images and reports and for local and global communication. This form of tele-medicine will have an impact on cost reduction in hospitals, reduction of transport costs. On this fundament worldwide education and multi-center studies becomes possible.
Improved estimation of the impact of regenerative braking on electric vehicle range (2016)

In this paper, a mathematical model for calculating regenerative braking (RB) energy considering the time-varying efficiency of a common electric vehicle (EV) is presented, taking into account environmental conditions. The contribution factor (CF) for estimating the impact of the RB system on the total consumed energy is calculated. To validate the calculated CF, a Blade Electron EV (Converted Hyundai Gets) was driven along a selected route in Australia and the measured CF is then compared with that of the calculated one. The results clearly demonstrate the accuracy of the mathematical model. The effect of the change in the elevation and speed limit profiles along the route on the total consumed energy using the RB system is also discussed. Finally, the estimated state of charge (SoC) of the battery is then compared with the measured SoC along the selected route.
A novel therapeutic human monoclonal antibody for the treatment of ovarian cancer (2008)

3977 AGS-8 is a novel cell surface protein expressed in over 70% of ovarian cancer patients, predominantly in advanced stages of serous adenocarcinoma. Amongst normal tissues, AGS-8 is restricted predominantly to testis and the red pulp of spleen. Functional validation studies demonstrated AGS-8 to be an oncogene involved in tumor cell proliferation, survival, migration and cell-cell interaction. Recombinant expression of AGS-8 in murine 3T3 cells led to aggressive tumor growth in mice, and its expression in tumor cells such as OVCAR-5 enhanced their intrinsic in vivo growth. AGS-8 induced tube formation in vitro and significant angiogenesis in vivo.  The XenoMouse® technology was employed to generate AGS-8M4, a fully human IgG1κ monoclonal antibody (MAb) with a Kd = 5 x 10-9 M for cell surface AGS-8. The MAb exhibits potent inhibitory activity in all functional assays, including inhibition of tube formation in vitro, and migration and invasion of cells expressing recombinant AGS-8. Significant anti-tumor efficacy of AGS-8M4 in vivo was observed in both endogenous and recombinant models expressing AGS-8, including growth inhibition of well-established tumors. Efficacy of AGS-8M4 was maintained completely after MAb de-glycosylation, indicating an intrinsic anti-tumor activity of the MAb without significant contribution by immune effector functions. Studies evaluating the mechanism of action of AGS-8M4 and efficacy with small molecule drug combinations are underway. These data validate AGS-8 as an attractive target for ovarian cancer, and establish AGS-8M4 as a potential therapeutic MAb for this cancer indication.
Incidence of the myelodysplastic syndromes using a novel claims-based algorithm: high number of uncaptured cases by cancer registries (2011)

The myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) are hematologically diverse hematopoietic stem cell malignancies primarily affecting older individuals. The incidence of MDS in the United States is estimated at 3.3 per 100 000; however, evidence suggests underreporting of MDS to centralized cancer registries. Contrary to clinical recommendations, registry guidelines from 2001-2010 required the capture of only one malignancy in the myeloid lineage and did not require blood count (BC) or bone marrow (BM) biopsy for MDS confirmation. To address these potential limitations, we constructed 4 claims-based algorithms to assess MDS incidence, applied the algorithms to the 2000-2008 Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER)-Medicare database, and assessed algorithm validity using SEER-registered MDS cases. Each algorithm required one or more MDS claims and accounted for recommended diagnostic services during the year before the first claim: 1+, 2+, 2 + BC, and 2 + BCBM (ordered by sensitivity). Each had moderate sensitivities (78.05%-92.90%) and high specificities (98.49%-99.84%), with the 2 + BCBM algorithm demonstrating the highest specificity. Based on the 2 + BCBM algorithm, the annual incidence of MDS is 75 per 100 000 persons 65 years or older-much higher than the 20 per 100 000 reported by SEER using the same sample.
In vivo soft tissues elasticity during thermal therapy is linked to the thermal dose (2010)

Increasing interest is given to elasticity to monitor HIFU treatments, since elasticity changes during thermal ablation. Moreover, the shear modulus of in vitro soft tissue samples was proven to be linked to the thermal dose. Hence, the study aims to evaluate the link of in vivo elasticity changes, assessed by supersonic shear imaging, with temperature and thermal dose. Seven male rats (Sprague Dawley, 250 g) were anesthetized. The right leg was depilated and immersed in a thermo-regulated bath. Two optical temperature sensors were placed into the biceps femoris. The leg was warmed at a targeted temperature, from 38°C to 50°C, for a time corresponding to the theoretical threshold of necrosis in muscle (thermal dose ~240 minutes at 43°C). Every 40 seconds, shear plane waves were created in the biceps femoris, in a plane neighboring the thermocouples, using the Supersonic Shear Imaging method based on the radiation force. The shear wave propagation was acquired with 180 images at 10 000 frames/s. The changes of elasticity were assessed for the different temperature-time profiles in order to highlight its dependence with the thermal dose. The leg swelled when the temperature reached 39°C. Then, contraction of the muscular fibers was observed on the Bmode images at 44 - 45°C (thermal dose from 2 to 140 min), followed by a flow of fluid around the muscle. The effect of the thermal dose on the in vivo elasticity of the muscles was the same for all the rats. The shear modulus exponentially increased at a thermal dose was equal to 220 ± 78 min. The cumulative thermal dose did not significantly change when the shear modulus reached 2.5 fold the initial value or more. Thus, this threshold value (220 min) was assumed to be the threshold of necrosis.. This value is consistent with the necrosis of the skin and the theoretical threshold of necrosis of muscular tissues (240 min). This study gives promising prospects for the use of the elasticity to monitor thermal effects on tissues.
Widely Tunable Si<inf>3</inf>N<inf>4</inf> Triple-Ring and Quad-Ring Resonator Laser Reflectors and Filters (2018)

We demonstrate widely tunable triple/quad ring-resonator reflectors using ultra-low loss Si <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> N <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</inf> waveguides. A single reflection peak with 2.6 pm bandwidth, > 15 dB SMSR across > 45 nm tuning range is demonstrated. This tunable reflector enables integrated narrow linewidth lasers and high-performance filters.
Tiny Titans: Nanobodies as Powerful Tools for TR‐FRET Assay Development (2022)

Abstract Owing to their exceptional sensitivity and specificity, assays based on time‐resolved Förster resonance energy transfer (TR‐FRET) have become increasingly popular in biomedical research. TR‐FRET assays are highly versatile and compatible with complex biological environments. However, the paucity of straightforward strategies for the selective installation of TR‐FRET donor fluorophores on target proteins, which is a critical requirement for most assay designs, has limited the potential and adaptation of this powerful technology. To address this issue, we have developed a versatile toolbox strategy based on CoraFluor‐1‐functionalized nanobodies. The target‐agnostic modular design simplifies the TR‐FRET donor‐labeling of epitope tags, fluorescent proteins and primary antibodies, including their use with endogenous proteins in lysates. Our strategy, which we extend to enable the seamless adaptation of split‐luciferase systems for TR‐FRET approaches, greatly facilitates the development and design of TR‐FRET assays for both target engagement studies and the quantification of proteins of interest with sub‐nanomolar sensitivity.
Real-Time Multi-SLAM System for Agent Localization and 3D Mapping in Dynamic Scenarios (2020)

This paper introduces a Wearable SLAM system that performs indoor and outdoor SLAM in real time. The related project is part of the MALIN challenge which aims at creating a system to track emergency response agents in complex scenarios (such as dark environments, smoked rooms, repetitive patterns, building floor transitions and doorway crossing problems), where GPS technology is insufficient or inoperative. The proposed system fuses different SLAM technologies to compensate the lack of robustness of each, while estimating the pose individually. LiDAR and visual SLAM are fused with an inertial sensor in such a way that the system is able to maintain GPS coordinates that are sent via radio to a ground station, for real-time tracking. More specifically, LiDAR and monocular vision technologies are tested in dynamic scenarios where the main advantages of each have been evaluated and compared. Finally, 3D reconstruction up to three levels of details is performed.
Evaluation of Biliary Calprotectin as a Biomarker in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (2016)

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the bile ducts with limited therapeutic options except liver transplantation. Reliable biomarkers to predict the disease course are unavailable, and currently employed disease activity scores such as the Mayo risk score (MRS) have limitations. The present study aims to evaluate biliary calprotectin as a marker of disease activity and prognosis in PSC.This is a monocentric retrospective observational study. Calprotectin concentrations were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in bile samples collected by endoscopic retrograde cholangiography from 106 PSC patients and 20 controls. Biliary calprotectin concentrations were compared between the 2 groups. In PSC patients, results were evaluated with regard to the presence of dominant bile duct stenoses, bile microbiology, MRS, survival free of liver transplantation, and necessity for bile duct interventions in the further disease course.Median (interquartile ranges) biliary calprotectin concentrations were higher in PSC patients than in controls (3646 ng/mL, 249-9748 vs 116 ng/mL, 104-655; P < 0.001). In the PSC cohort, higher biliary calprotectin concentrations were associated with the presence of microbes in bile (P = 0.02), the occurrence of dominant bile duct stenosis at any time in the disease course (P = 0.005), and the necessity for future bile duct interventions (P = 0.02). Patients with biliary calprotectin concentrations above a cut-off of 11,610 ng/mL displayed significantly shorter transplantation-free survival than those with biliary calprotectin concentrations ≤11,610 ng/mL (P < 0.001). Univariate Cox regression analysis revealed high biliary calprotectin concentration (>11,610 ng/mL) as a risk factor of shorter transplantation-free survival of PSC patients (P < 0.001) beside high plasma alkaline phosphatase (ALP) concentration (>142.5 U/L) (P = 0.006), high MRS (≥2) (P < 0.001), and nonsterility of bile (P = 0.03). Multivariate analysis identified only MRS (P = 0.002) and ALP concentration (P = 0.04) as independent risk factors.Our data strongly suggest that biliary calprotectin may be a valuable additional marker for disease activity and a predictor of outcome in PSC, so that further studies for evaluation of calprotectin in this disease are warranted.
Long-Chain Branched Polyethylene via Coordinative Tandem Insertion and Chain-Transfer Polymerization Using rac-{EBTHI}ZrCl2/MAO/Al–alkenyl Combinations: An Experimental and Theoretical Study (2020)

In situ synthesis of topologically modified linear polyethylenes (PE) using single-site polymerization catalysis is a challenging task, but it can enable the production of valuable advanced polymer materials with tailored properties. Described herein is an investigation aimed at the efficient generation of long-chain branches (LCB) in linear PEs using Al–alkenyl species, namely, iBuAl(oct-7-en-1-yl)2 (Al-1), in combination with homogeneous rac-{EBTHI}ZrCl2 (Zr-1)/MAO or heterogeneous MAO on silica-supported-rac-{EBTHI}ZrCl2 (supp-Zr-1)/TIBAL catalytic systems. As corroborated by extensive rheological studies and 13C NMR spectroscopy, the Al–alkenyl reagent was found to be quite efficient in the formation of LCB, via a mechanistic pathway involving both insertion and transmetallation reactions. Formation of LCB has been rationalized by density functional theory (DFT) computations carried out on the putative [rac-{EBTHI}Zr-R]+ (R = Me, nPr, and pentyl) cationic species and including a solvent model. Of the three possible isomers of Al/Zr heterobimetallic complexes derived from the cationic species [rac-{EBTHI}Zr-R]+ and Al-1, only one was identified, on kinetic and thermodynamic grounds, as the key intermediate. The DFT study also unveiled that (i) insertion of ethylene into the Zr–alkyl bond of the growing PE chain is accompanied by a reversible decoordination of the Al-vinyl transfer agent (AVTA), (ii) the vinyl 1,2-coordination/insertion of the alkenyl moieties of Al-1 into the Zr–alkyl bond, resulting in the formation of branching, is in direct kinetic competition with the insertion of ethylene, and (iii) the recoordination of the AVTA after either insertion step is thermodynamically favored and mostly responsible for the transmetallation phenomenon.
Application of Cultured Epidermal Homograft (Kaloderm) for Wide Scar Treatment (2019)

Cultured epidermal homograft provided good quality wound healing and improved scar pliability. Cultured epidermal homograft left less scarring with no pain or other specific complications. Therefore, dermabrasion with CEH is useful for scar management.
Collaborative context recognition for handheld devices (2004)

Handheld communication devices equipped with sensing capabilities can recognize some aspects of their context to enable novel applications. We seek to improve the reliability of context recognition through an analogy to human behavior. Where multiple devices are around, they can jointly negotiate on a suitable context and behave accordingly. We have developed a method for this collaborative context recognition for handheld devices. The method determines the need to request and collaboratively recognize the current context of a group of handheld devices. It uses both local context time history information and spatial context information of handheld devices within a certain area. The method exploits dynamic weight parameters that describe content and reliability of context information. The performance of the method is analyzed using artificial and real context data. The results suggest that the method is capable of improving the reliability.
A High Current 3300V Module Employing Reverse Conducting IGBTs Setting a New Benchmark in Output Power Capability (2008)

In this paper we demonstrate a fully functional high voltage and high current IGBT module rated at 3300 V consisting solely of reverse conducting (RC) IGBT chips. The RC- IGBTs were designed in accordance with the latest Enhanced Planar and Soft Punch Through technology while incorporating an integrated freewheeling diode in the same silicon volume. Future high power IGBT modules with RC-IGBT technology will be capable of providing exceptional electrical performance for the given voltage class in terms of the maximum allowable output current capability.
Free volume, molecular grains, self-organisation, and anisotropic entropy: machining materials (2017)

In this article, the relationship between molecular architecture and the formation of twist-bend phases is reviewed under the context of shape dependency. We conclude that the twist-bend phase is a universal phenomenon, which occurs in a wide variety of materials, for dimers through to main chain polymers. In the process, the chemical information on molecular design is effectively lost or irrelevant, and molecular topology takes precedence over electrostatic interactions in mesophase formation. As a consequence of this macro-scale material, engineering by shape alone becomes a possibility, potentially more phases may be realised, and entropy is anisotropic.