gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Combined Oral Contraceptives in Women with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (2021)

BACKGROUND Oral contraceptives are rarely prescribed for women with systemic lupus erythematosus, because of concern about potential negative side effects. In this double-blind, randomized, noninferiority trial, we prospectively evaluated the effect of oral contraceptives on lupus activity in premenopausal women with systemic lupus erythematosus. METHODS A total of 183 women with inactive (76 percent) or stable active (24 percent) systemic lupus erythematosus at 15 U.S. sites were randomly assigned to receive either oral contraceptives (triphasic ethinyl estradiol at a dose of 35 pgplus norethindrone at a dose of 0.5 to 1 mg for 12 cycles of 28 days each; 91 women) or placebo (92 women) and were evaluated atmonths 1,2,3,6,9, and 12. Subjects were excluded ifthey had moderate or high levels ofanticardiolipin antibodies, lupus anticoagulant, or a history of thrombosis. RESULTS The primary end point, a severe lupus flare, occurred in 7 of 91 subjects receiving oral contraceptives (7.7 percent) as compared with 7 of92 subjects receiving placebo (7.6 percent). The 12-month rates of severe flare were similar: 0.084 for the group receiving oral contraceptives and 0.087 for the placebo group (P=0.95; upper limit of the one-sided 95 percent confidence interval for this difference, 0.069, which is within the prespecified 9 percent margin for noninferiority). Rates of mild or moderate flares were 1.40 flares per person-year for subjects receiving oral contraceptives and 1.44 flares per person-year for subjects receiving placebo (relative risk, 0.98; P=0.86). In the group that was randomized to receive oral contraceptives, there was one deep venous thrombosis and one clotted graft; in the placebo group, there was one deep venous thrombosis, one ocular thrombosis, one superficial thrombophlebitis, and one death (after cessation of the trial). CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that oral contraceptives do not increase the risk of flare among women with systemic lupus erythematosus whose disease is stable.
Optimizing photovoltaic module glass reliability (2008)

Glass is a proven, excellent substrate and cover for photovoltaic applications. But glass can be a source of module reliability problems if not properly fabricated. Glass reliability issues can include brittle failure due to mechanical and thermal stresses, surface weathering, lamination adhesion, TCO adhesion, moisture ingress, and anti-reflective coating durability. A synopsis of typical problems and how to prevent them is provided for both new and current module manufacturers.
531. Complexes of DNA-Cationic Liposomes with Baculovirus GP64 Envelope Fusion Protein Vesicles Demonstrate Enhanced Transfection Efficiency (2006)

The need for efficient and safe gene transfer reagents has led to the growing interest in a class of hybrid vectors comprising both viral and non-viral components can be associated. We have examined the transfection efficiency of DOTAP-based lipoplexes together with partially purified vesicles of the baculovirus GP64 envelope glycoprotein eihter alone or as a fusion protein of GP64 with the complement-inactivating decay accelerating factor (DAF, CD55). The addition of GP64 vesicles to lipoplexes expressing luciferase gene enhances the transient transfection efficiency in several target cells in tissue culture by up to approximately 15-fold, as measured by luciferase activity. The enhanced transfection is markedly inhibited by the addition of a GP64-neutralizing antibody. GP64- mediated enhancement of DOTAP-based lipoplexes is associated with physical interaction between the DNA-liposomes with the GP64/ fusion protein, as assayed as by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. These results complement our previous demonstrations of enhanced transfection efficiency of complexes of plasmids or lipoplexes with the VSV-G glycoprotein and suggest that several kinds of viral envelope proteins facilitate the attachment, cell entry and gene transfer efficiencies of nanoparticle complexes.
Contact Fatigue Tests and Life Simulations Using Computational Fracture Mechanics (2005)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Computational fracture mechanics based FATIG3D program was used to simulate contact fatigue life of rough surface contacts in boundary to mixed lubrication regimes. Two-rollers contact fatigue tests were conducted and test results were compared with calculated contact fatigue lives. Calculated contact fatigue life agreed with test results well with the selected set of input data. The effect of several important parameters in the input data on contact fatigue life was evaluated computationally using FATIG3D. These parameters include: oil pressure distribution, crack face friction, direction of friction, friction coefficient, initial crack length, Hertzian stress, and residual stress distributions. The results obtained in this work improved basic understanding and the application of FATIG3D in simulating contact fatigue behavior.&lt;/div&gt;
A Broadband Phased-Array Antenna System Employing Frequency-Upconverted Local Signals With Phase Difference (2018)

This paper proposes a novel configuration for a phased-array antenna system (PAS) that achieves ultrabroadband transmission using millimeter-wave (mm-wave) and quasi-mm-wave. Since a PAS is expected to employ an unprecedented number of antenna elements to compensate for propagation loss in high-frequency bands, the configuration must be compact and cost effective. A PAS that employs radio frequency (RF) phase shifters to control the phase of RF carriers is a promising approach for broadband transmission because it needs to control only the phase of a continuous wave signal and not that of the broadband signal. In the proposed configuration, direct digital synthesizers (DDSs) are employed to generate phase-controlled local signals with a lower frequency than the carrier frequency. The signal is upconverted to an RF carrier frequency. More specifically, a formed beam using RF radiated signals with mm-wave or quasi-mm-wave is steered by the DDS in a precise phase-controlled manner. To confirm the feasibility of the configuration, a four-branch PAS transmitter is configured and tested in a 28-GHz operating band. The results verify that the proposed configuration is applicable to a PAS that operates in a broadband at high frequency.
Creep During Sintering of Porous Compacts (1986)

Creep during sintering of CdO powder compacts was studied in a loading dilatometer by applying a small, transient, uniaxial load to the compacts. After the load was removed, the axial shrinkage rate was lower, but the radial shrinkage rate was actually higher than that of a compact sintered under no load. This reduction in the axial shrinkage rate is more pronounced for longer transient loading times. The results provide further support for a mechanism of simultaneous creep and densification in which creep at constant volume occurs by diffusion‐controlled grain‐boundary sliding.
Dynamic kinetic energy potential for orbital-free density functional theory (2011)

A dynamic kinetic energy potential (DKEP) is developed for time-dependent orbital-free (TDOF) density function theory applications. This potential is constructed to affect only the dynamical (ω ≠ 0) response of an orbital-free electronic system. It aims at making the orbital-free simulation respond in the same way as that of a noninteracting homogenous electron gas (HEG), as required by a correct kinetic energy, therefore enabling extension of the success of orbital-free density functional theory in the static case (e.g., for embedding and description of processes in bulk materials) to dynamic processes. The potential is constructed by expansions of terms, each of which necessitates only simple time evolution (concurrent with the TDOF evolution) and a spatial convolution at each time-step. With 14 such terms a good fit is obtained to the response of the HEG at a large range of frequencies, wavevectors, and densities. The method is demonstrated for simple jellium spheres, approximating Na(9)(+) and Na(65)(+) clusters. It is applicable both to small and large (even ultralarge) excitations and the results converge (i.e., do not blow up) as a function of time. An extension to iterative frequency-resolved extraction is briefly outlined, as well as possibly numerically simpler expansions. The approach could also be extended to fit, instead of the HEG susceptibility, either an experimental susceptibility or a theoretically derived one for a non-HEG system. The DKEP potential should be a powerful tool for embedding a dynamical system described by a more accurate method (such as time-dependent density functional theory, TDDFT) in a large background described by TDOF with a DKEP potential. The type of expansions used and envisioned should be useful for other approaches, such as memory functionals in TDDFT. Finally, an appendix details the formal connection between TDOF and TDDFT.
Abnormal Sympathoadrenal Development and Systemic Hypotension in PHD3−/− Mice (2008)

Cell culture studies have implicated the oxygen-sensitive hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) prolyl hydroxylase PHD3 in the regulation of neuronal apoptosis. To better understand this function in vivo, we have created PHD3(-/-) mice and analyzed the neuronal phenotype. Reduced apoptosis in superior cervical ganglion (SCG) neurons cultured from PHD3(-/-) mice is associated with an increase in the number of cells in the SCG, as well as in the adrenal medulla and carotid body. Genetic analysis by intercrossing PHD3(-/-) mice with HIF-1a(+/-) and HIF-2a(+/-) mice demonstrated an interaction with HIF-2alpha but not HIF-1alpha, supporting the nonredundant involvement of a PHD3-HIF-2alpha pathway in the regulation of sympathoadrenal development. Despite the increased number of cells, the sympathoadrenal system appeared hypofunctional in PHD3(-/-) mice, with reduced target tissue innervation, adrenal medullary secretory capacity, sympathoadrenal responses, and systemic blood pressure. These observations suggest that the role of PHD3 in sympathoadrenal development extends beyond simple control of cell survival and organ mass, with functional PHD3 being required for proper anatomical and physiological integrity of the system. Perturbation of this interface between developmental and adaptive signaling by hypoxic, metabolic, or other stresses could have important effects on key sympathoadrenal functions, such as blood pressure regulation.
Phospholipase A2 engineering. Structural and functional roles of highly conserved active site residues tyrosine-52 and tyrosine-73 (1992)

Site-directed mutagenesis was used to probe the structural and functional roles of two highly conserved residues, Tyr-52 and Tyr-73, in interfacial catalysis by bovine pancreatic phospholipase A2 (PLA2, overproduced in Escherichia coli). According to crystal structures, the side chains of these two active site residues form H-bonds with the carboxylate of the catalytic residue Asp-99. Replacement of either or both Tyr residues by Phe resulted in only very small changes in catalytic rates, which suggests that the hydrogen bonds are not essential for catalysis by PLA2. Substitution of either Tyr residue by nonaromatic amino acids resulted in substantial decreases in the apparent kcat toward 1,2-dioctanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DC8PC) micelles and the v(o) (turnover number at maximal substrate concentration, i.e., mole fraction = 1) toward 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphomethanol (DC14PM) vesicles in scooting mode kinetics [Berg, O. G., Yu, B.-Z., Rogers, J., & Jain, M. K. (1991) Biochemistry 30, 7283-7297]. The Y52V mutant was further analyzed in detail by scooting mode kinetics: the E to E* equilibrium was examined by fluorescence; the dissociation constants of E*S, E*P, and E*I (KS*, KP*, and KI*, respectively) in the presence of Ca2+ were measured by protection of histidine-48 modification and by difference UV spectroscopy; the Michaelis constant KM* was calculated from initial rates of hydrolysis in the absence and presence of competitive inhibitors; and the turnover number under saturating conditions (kcat, which is a theoretical value since the enzyme may not be saturated at the interface) was calculated from the vo and KM* values. The results indicated little perturbation in the interfacial binding step (E to E*) but ca. 10-fold increases in KS*, KP*, KI*, and KM* and a less than 10-fold decrease in kcat. Such changes in the function of Y52V are not due to global conformational changes since the proton NMR properties of Y52V closely resemble those of wild-type PLA2; instead, it is likely to be caused by perturbed enzyme-substrate interactions at the active site. Tyr-73 appears to play an important structural role. The conformational stability of all Tyr-73 mutants decreased by 4-5 kcal/mol relative to that of the wild-type PLA2. The proton NMR properties of Y73A suggested significant conformational changes and substantially increased conformational flexibility. These detailed structural and functional analyses represent a major advancement in the structure-function study of an enzyme involved in interfacial catalysis.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Catalytic Addition of HCN to Ketoimines. Catalytic Synthesis of Quaternary Amino Acids. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Block‐Selected Molecular Recognition and Formation of Polypseudorotaxanes between Poly(propylene oxide)‐Poly(ethylene oxide)‐Poly(propylene oxide) Triblock Copolymers and α‐Cyclodextrin (2004)

In the Communication “Block-Selected Molecular Recognition and Formation of Polypseudorotaxanes between Poly(propylene oxide)-Poly(ethylene oxide)-Poly(propylene oxide) Triblock Copolymers and α-Cyclodextrin” by J. Li, X. Ni, and K. Leong (1), the authors neglected to cross-reference their thematically related full article in J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 1788–1795 by J. Li, X. Ni, Z. Zhou, and K. Leong. The later full article reported the strong evidence for the formation of the triblock copolymer architectures, as well as details of the preparation and characterization of the polypseudorotaxanes. The authors apologize for this oversight.
Host Cell Phosphatidylcholine Is a Key Mediator of Malaria Parasite Survival during Liver Stage Infection (2014)

During invasion, Plasmodium, the causative agent of malaria, wraps itself in a parasitophorous vacuole membrane (PVM), which constitutes a critical interface between the parasite and its host cell. Within hepatocytes, each Plasmodium sporozoite generates thousands of new parasites, creating high demand for lipids to support this replication and enlarge the PVM. Here, a global analysis of the total lipid repertoire of Plasmodium-infected hepatocytes reveals an enrichment of neutral lipids and the major membrane phospholipid, phosphatidylcholine (PC). While infection is unaffected in mice deficient in key enzymes involved in neutral lipid synthesis and lipolysis, ablation of rate-limiting enzymes in hepatic PC biosynthetic pathways significantly decreases parasite numbers. Host PC is taken up by both P. berghei and P. falciparum and is necessary for correct localization of parasite proteins to the PVM, which is essential for parasite survival. Thus, Plasmodium relies on the abundance of these lipids within hepatocytes to support infection.
Generation of magnetic biohybrid microrobots based on MSC.sTRAIL for targeted stem cell delivery and treatment of cancer (2023)

These results demonstrate that the fabrication of guidable MSC-based biohybrid microrobots is compatible with their biological and therapeutic functions. Thus, MSC-based biohybrid microrobots represent a novel way of delivering gene therapies to tumours as well as in the context of other diseases.
Femtosecond laser induced surface melting and nanojoining for plasmonic circuits (2013)

Femtosecond laser induced nonthermal processing is an emerging nanofabrication technique for delicate plasmonic devices. In this work we present a detailed investigation on the interaction between ultra-short pulses and silver nanomaterials, both experimentally and theoretically. We systematically study the laser-silver interaction at a laser fluent from 1 J/m<sup>2</sup> to 1 MJ/m<sup>2</sup>. The optimal processing window for welding of silver nanowires occurs at fluences of 200-450 J/m<sup>2</sup>. The femtosecond laser-induced surface melting allows precise welding of silver nanowires for "T” and “X” shape circuits. These welded plasmonic circuits are successfully applied for routining light propagation.
Synthesis of calcium carbonate microcapsules as self-healing containers (2019)

Contemporary studies of self-healing polymer composites are based on microcapsules synthesized using synthetic and toxic polymers, biopolymers, <i>etc. via</i> methods such as <i>in situ</i> polymerization, electrospraying, and air atomization. Herein, we synthesized a healing agent, epoxy (EPX) encapsulated calcium carbonate (CC) microcapsules, which was used to prepare self-healing EPX composites as a protective coating for metals. The CC microcapsules were synthesized using two facile methods, namely, the soft-template method (STM) and the <i>in situ</i> emulsion method (EM). Microcapsules prepared using the STM (ST-CC) were synthesized using sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) surfactant micelles as the soft-template, while the microcapsules prepared using the EM (EM-CC) were synthesized in an oil-in-water (O/W) <i>in situ</i> emulsion. These prepared CC microcapsules were characterized using light microscopy (LMC), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The synthesized ST-CC microcapsules were spherical in shape, with an average diameter of 2.5 μm and an average shell wall thickness of 650 nm, while EM-CC microcapsules had a near-spherical shape with an average diameter of 3.4 μm and an average shell wall thickness of 880 nm. The ST-CC capsules exhibited flake-like rough surfaces while EM-CC capsules showed smooth bulgy surfaces. The loading capacity of ST-CC and EM-CC microcapsules were estimated using TGA and found to be 11% and 36%, respectively. The FTIR and NMR spectra confirmed the EPX encapsulation and the unreactive nature of the loaded EPX with the inner walls of CC microcapsules. The synthesized CC microcapsules were further incorporated into an EPX matrix to prepare composite coatings with 10 (w/w%), 20 (w/w%), and 50 (w/w%) capsule loadings. The prepared EPX composite coatings were scratched and observed using FE-SEM and LMC to evaluate the release of encapsulated EPX inside the CC capsules, which is analogous to the healing behaviour. Moreover, EPX composite coatings with 20 (w/w%) and 50 (w/w%) of ST-CC showed better healing performances. Thus, it was observed that ST-CC microcapsules outperformed EM-CC. Additionally, the EPX/CC coatings showed remarkable self-healing properties by closing the gaps of the scratch surfaces. Thus, these formaldehyde-free, biocompatible, biodegradable, and non-toxic CC based EPX composite coatings hold great potential to be used as a protective coating for metal substrates. Primary results detected significant corrosion retardancy due to the self-healing coatings under an accelerated corrosion process, which was performed with a salt spray test.
13C-DOSY-TOSY NMR Correlation for In Situ Analysis of Structure, Size Distribution, and Dynamics of Prebiotic Oligosaccharides (2020)

Arabinoxylan oligosaccharides (AXOS) are a complex mixture of cereal derived, water-soluble prebiotics, obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis of arabinoxylan, a group of dietary fibers exerting numerous nutritional and health-beneficial effects. Such complex biomolecular mixtures are notoriously difficult to characterize without initial physical fractionation. Here we present the <i>in situ</i> analysis of AXOS using a variety of state-of-the-art sensitivity-enhanced <sup>13</sup>C-DOSY methods, enabling virtual separation and identification of the components. Three dimensional correlation plots displaying <sup>13</sup>C diffusivity (DOSY: Diffusion Ordered SpectroscopY), relaxation parameters (TOSY: raTe of relaxation Ordered SpectrscopY), and chemical shift offer a unique way to elucidate the composition of mixtures. We have demonstrated this multifaceted <sup>13</sup>C probed correlation strategy in standard mixtures of aliphatic and aromatic compounds, before implementing it on AXOS. These 3D-DOSY-TOSY plots in combination with 2D-NMR correlation experiments offer unprecedented clarity for assigning chemical functions, molecular size distribution, and dynamics of oligosaccharide mixtures.
A human cytokine/single-chain antibody fusion protein for simultaneous delivery of GM-CSF and IL-2 to Ep-CAM overexpressing tumor cells. (2006)

Pro-inflammatory cytokines regulate the growth, differentiation, and activation of immune cells and can play a role in antitumor responses. GM-CSF and IL-2 induce tumor rejection in animal models when expressed by tumor cells, and IL-2 is used for the treatment of melanoma and renal cell cancer. However, high doses of GM-CSF and IL-2 are associated with severe side effects in cancer patients. We generated a dual cytokine fusion protein for simultaneous targeted delivery of human GM-CSF and IL-2 to human tumors. The fusion protein is based on a heterodimeric core structure formed by human CH1 and C kappa domains (heterominibody) with C-terminally fused human cytokines and N-terminally fused human single-chain Ab fragments (scFv) specific for the tumor-associated surface antigen epithelial cell adhesion molecule (Ep-CAM). The dual cytokine heterominibody (DCH) was well expressed and secreted by CHO cells, preserved the specific proliferative activities of the two cytokines, and showed Ep-CAM-specific binding to tumor cells. DCH induced potent tumor cell lysis in vitro by two distinct mechanisms. One was activating PBMCs to lyse tumor cells, which was superior to cytotoxicity induced by equimolar ratios of free recombinant human IL-2 and GM-CSF. The other mechanism was redirected lysis, as seen with isolated human T cells, which was solely dependent on the IL-2 fusion part. The therapeutic principle of dual cytokine targeting may warrant in vivo testing of murine-specific analogues in appropriate mouse models and further preclinical development of the less immunogenic, human cytokine- and human Ep-CAM-specific DCH molecule described here.
New Component-Based Normalization Method to Correct PET System Models (2011)

Normalization correction is necessary to obtain high quality reconstructed images in positron emission tomography (PET). There are two types of normalization methods, the direct method and component-based methods. The former has a problem that a huge count number in the blank scan data is required. Therefore, the latter have been proposed to obtain high statistical accuracy normalization coefficients with a small count number in the blank scan data. In iterative image reconstruction methods, on the other hand, the quality of obtained reconstructed images depends on the system modeling accuracy. Therefore the normalization weighing approach in which normalization coefficients are directly applied to the system matrix instead of a sinogram has been proposed. In this paper, we proposed a new component-based normalization method to correct system model accuracy. In the proposed method, two components are defined which are calculated iteratively in such a way as to minimize errors of system modeling. For comparison of the proposed method and the direct method, we applied both methods to our small OpenPET prototype. We achieved acceptable statistical accuracy of normalization coefficients while reducing the count number of the blank scan data to one-fortieth of the count number of the blank scan data used in the direct method.