gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Early detection of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions in the cervix with quantitative spectroscopic imaging (2013)

Quantitative spectroscopy has recently been extended from a contact-probe to wide-area spectroscopic imaging to enable mapping of optical properties across a wide area of tissue. We train quantitative spectroscopic imaging (QSI) to identify cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) in 34 subjects undergoing the loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP subjects). QSI’s performance is then prospectively evaluated on the clinically suspicious biopsy sites from 47 subjects undergoing colposcopic-directed biopsy. The results show the per-subject normalized reduced scattering coefficient at 700 nm (A[subscript n]) and the total hemoglobin concentration are significantly different (p<0.05) between HSIL and non-HSIL sites in LEEP subjects. A[subscript n] alone retrospectively distinguishes HSIL from non-HSIL with 89% sensitivity and 83% specificity. It alone applied prospectively on the biopsy sites distinguishes HSIL from non-HSIL with 81% sensitivity and 78% specificity. The findings of this study agree with those of an earlier contact-probe study, validating the robustness of QSI, and specifically A[subscript n], for identifying HSIL. The performance of A[subscript n] suggests an easy to use and an inexpensive to manufacture monochromatic instrument is capable of early cervical cancer detection, which could be used as a screening and diagnostic tool for detecting cervical cancer in low resource countries.
KEY PARAMETERS FOR CONTROL OF DEMON DEAMMONIFICATION PROCESS (2007)

KEY PARAMETERS FOR CONTROL OF DEMON DEAMMONIFICATION PROCESSA suspended growth deammonification process has been in operation for over two years in Austria. Three US utilities have embarked on piloting this process at two locations: New York City and Alexandria, Virginia. Deammonification is a two-part autotrophic reaction involving two distinct biomass populations. In the first step aerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) nitrify partially to produce...Author(s)B. WettS. MurthyI. Tak´csM. HellG. BowdenA. DeurM. O'ShaughnessySourceProceedings of the Water Environment FederationSubjectSession 6: Treatment of High Strength Wastewater & RecyclesDocument typeConference PaperPublisherWater Environment FederationPrint publication date Jan, 2007ISSN1938-6478SICI1938-6478(20070101)2007:2L.424;1-DOI10.2175/193864707787977181Volume / Issue2007 / 2Content sourceNutrient Removal and Recovery SymposiumFirst / last page(s)424 - 436Copyright2007Word count156
Nonparametric efficient causal mediation with intermediate confounders (2020)

Summary Interventional effects for mediation analysis were proposed as a solution to the lack of identifiability of natural (in)direct effects in the presence of a mediator-outcome confounder affected by exposure. We present a theoretical and computational study of the properties of the interventional (in)direct effect estimands based on the efficient influence function in the nonparametric statistical model. We use the efficient influence function to develop two asymptotically optimal nonparametric estimators that leverage data-adaptive regression for the estimation of nuisance parameters: a one-step estimator and a targeted minimum loss estimator. We further present results establishing the conditions under which these estimators are consistent, multiply robust, $n^{1/2}$-consistent and efficient. We illustrate the finite-sample performance of the estimators and corroborate our theoretical results in a simulation study. We also demonstrate the use of the estimators in our motivating application to elucidate the mechanisms behind the unintended harmful effects that a housing intervention had on risky behaviour in adolescent girls.
Direct torque control stability conditions and compensation methods (2011)

This paper discusses stability conditions of direct torque control (DTC) based on a singular perturbation perspective. Input-output decoupling is discussed and asymptotic-input-output-decoupling is proposed in order to improve erratic DTC performance reported by practitioners. Stability analysis shows that DTC is applicable for low-leakage machines. A detailed mathematical stability analysis and an experimental comparison of conventional DTC and decoupling methods under high speed and high load condition are presented. The results show that asymptotic decoupling compensates for erratic DTC performance with minimal control effort and controller complexity. The improvement trades off voltage headroom for dynamics of torque regulation.
Glycosylated linkers in multimodular lignocellulose-degrading enzymes dynamically bind to cellulose (2013)

Plant cell-wall polysaccharides represent a vast source of food in nature. To depolymerize polysaccharides to soluble sugars, many organisms use multifunctional enzyme mixtures consisting of glycoside hydrolases, lytic polysaccharide mono-oxygenases, polysaccharide lyases, and carbohydrate esterases, as well as accessory, redox-active enzymes for lignin depolymerization. Many of these enzymes that degrade lignocellulose are multimodular with carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) and catalytic domains connected by flexible, glycosylated linkers. These linkers have long been thought to simply serve as a tether between structured domains or to act in an inchworm-like fashion during catalytic action. To examine linker function, we performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the Trichoderma reesei Family 6 and Family 7 cellobiohydrolases (TrCel6A and TrCel7A, respectively) bound to cellulose. During these simulations, the glycosylated linkers bind directly to cellulose, suggesting a previously unknown role in enzyme action. The prediction from the MD simulations was examined experimentally by measuring the binding affinity of the Cel7A CBM and the natively glycosylated Cel7A CBM-linker. On crystalline cellulose, the glycosylated linker enhances the binding affinity over the CBM alone by an order of magnitude. The MD simulations before and after binding of the linker also suggest that the bound linker may affect enzyme action due to significant damping in the enzyme fluctuations. Together, these results suggest that glycosylated linkers in carbohydrate-active enzymes, which are intrinsically disordered proteins in solution, aid in dynamic binding during the enzymatic deconstruction of plant cell walls.
A phase I study of an MVA vaccine targeting p53 in cancer. (2013)

3089 Background: Despite chemotherapy, survival for most patients with metastatic gastrointestinal cancer is &lt;2 years. These dismal statistics reflect lack of effective therapy. We are conducting a first-in-human trial of modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA), an attenuated viral vaccine that targets wild-type (wt) p53. This approach applies to the majority of p53-involved tumors, since the bulk of the p53 sequence is identical, except for individual point mutations. Our phase I study evaluates the safety and tolerability of the vaccine. Methods: Patients with metastatic colon, gastric and pancreas cancer that failed standard treatment were eligible for vaccination if &gt;10% of the cells stained strongly positive for p53. A standard 3+3 design was employed and patients were accrued to either the 10 8 pfu or 5.6 x 10 8 pfu dose levels. A total of 3 injections were given, each spaced apart by 3 weeks and patients were evaluated for dose limiting toxicities. Results: Three patients were accrued to the 10 8 pfu dose level; 2 patients with colon cancer and 1 patient with pancreatic cancer. There were no dose limiting toxicities and the injection was well tolerated and only local irritation at the injection site was seen. The dose was escalated to 5.6 x 10 8 pfu; 3 patients were accrued, 1 with colon cancer and 2 with pancreatic cancer. There were no dose limiting toxicities observed in the 3 patients. Grade 2 toxicities that were at least possibly related to the vaccine include injection site reaction and fatigue seen in one patient each. One patient with pancreatic cancer had stable disease on CT after completion of the 3 injections. This dose level is being expanded to accrue an additional 6 patients to evaluate safety and immunogenicity using cytokine flow cytometry to characterize p53-specific CD4 + and CD8 + T cell response. Of the cell-surface markers employed, PD1 showed extraordinary strong expression prior to vaccine injection. All patients had a humoral response to the MVA backbone. Conclusions: Our MVA p53 vaccine is well tolerated with minimal grade 1-2 toxicities. The highest dose tested is 5.6 x 10 8 pfu and additional patients are being accrued to evaluate immunogenicity. Since many cancers have mutant p53, this is an attractive target and may potentially be used with many other cancers. Clinical trial information: NCT01191684.
Challenges of using flex cables in high speed serial links (2014)

Blade servers are constantly moving towards higher data rates and smaller form factor resulting in complex routing choices to accommodate various chassis configurations. Flexible printed circuit (FPC) cables or flex cables serve as a good choice for interconnect medium in such densely configured server systems. In this paper, various challenges involved in designing a high speed serial link using flex cables are discussed. The impact of flex cable stack-up choice on signal integrity (SI) performance (impedance and loss) is studied. Sensitivity analysis on flex cable impedance and loss are performed by taking various flex cable design parameters into account using 3-D full wave modeling results. Best design practices needed for FPC cables are discussed in detail. Finally, SATA 3.0 interface is used as an example to demonstrate the design trade-offs of flex cable.
ActiveBeta Index Construction Methodology (2010)

This chapter contains sections titled: Investment Process Indexes Objectives of Investment Process Indexes Conflicting Objectives Transparency, Understanding, and Rationale of the ActiveBeta Momentum Index ActiveBeta Index Construction Process Differences in Construction between ActiveBeta Indexes and Other Public Style Indexes Achieving Objectives Conclusion Appendix: ActiveBeta Index Construction Process Example
Changing DNA Grooves − A 1,4,5,8-Naphthalene Tetracarboxylic Diimide Bis-Intercalator with the Linker (β-Ala)3-Lys in the Minor Groove (2002)

We have been investigating a modular, threading DNA polyintercalator design based upon the 1,4,5,8-naphthalene tetracarboxylic diimide (NDI) intercalating unit. Previously, we have reported the NMR analysis of a bis-intercalator-DNA complex in which the peptide linker between NDI units was found to occupy the DNA major groove (Guelev, Lee, Sorey, Hoffman, Iverson, Chem. Biol. 2001, 8, 415-425). Here we describe the NMR analysis of a complex between a related bis-intercalator known to display altered DNA sequence specificity. In this case, the linker resides in the DNA minor groove. We have thus shown that within this set of sequence specific bis-intercalators, both DNA grooves can be accessed, setting the stage for longer threading polyintercalators designed to have linkers occupying both grooves in an alternating fashion.
A critical overview of computational approaches employed for COVID-19 drug discovery (2021)

COVID-19 has resulted in huge numbers of infections and deaths worldwide and brought the most severe disruptions to societies and economies since the Great Depression. Massive experimental and computational research effort to understand and characterize the disease and rapidly develop diagnostics, vaccines, and drugs has emerged in response to this devastating pandemic and more than 130 000 COVID-19-related research papers have been published in peer-reviewed journals or deposited in preprint servers. Much of the research effort has focused on the discovery of novel drug candidates or repurposing of existing drugs against COVID-19, and many such projects have been either exclusively computational or computer-aided experimental studies. Herein, we provide an expert overview of the key computational methods and their applications for the discovery of COVID-19 small-molecule therapeutics that have been reported in the research literature. We further outline that, after the first year the COVID-19 pandemic, it appears that drug repurposing has not produced rapid and global solutions. However, several known drugs have been used in the clinic to cure COVID-19 patients, and a few repurposed drugs continue to be considered in clinical trials, along with several novel clinical candidates. We posit that truly impactful computational tools must deliver actionable, experimentally testable hypotheses enabling the discovery of novel drugs and drug combinations, and that open science and rapid sharing of research results are critical to accelerate the development of novel, much needed therapeutics for COVID-19.
Oncological Minimally Invasive Surgery (2019)

technologies will expand the preference for minimally invasive approach to many other cancer operations
Digital Materiality in Architecture (2008)

"Digital materiality evolves through the interplay between digital and material processes in design and construction. Materiality is increasingly being enriched with digital characteristics, which substantially affect architecture's physis."
A robot uses its own microphone to synchronize its steps to musical beats while scatting and singing (2008)

Musical beat tracking is one of the effective technologies for human-robot interaction such as musical sessions. Since such interaction should be performed in various environments in a natural way, musical beat tracking for a robot should cope with noise sources such as environmental noise, its own motor noises, and self voices, by using its own microphone. This paper addresses a musical beat tracking robot which can step, scat and sing according to musical beats by using its own microphone. To realize such a robot, we propose a robust beat tracking method by introducing two key techniques, that is, spectro-temporal pattern matching and echo cancellation. The former realizes robust tempo estimation with a shorter window length, thus, it can quickly adapt to tempo changes. The latter is effective to cancel self noises such as stepping, scatting, and singing. We implemented the proposed beat tracking method for Honda ASIMO. Experimental results showed ten times faster adaptation to tempo changes and high robustness in beat tracking for stepping, scatting and singing noises. We also demonstrated the robot times its steps while scatting or singing to musical beats.
Optical Frequency Comb Fourier Transform Spectroscopy with Resolution beyond the Path Difference Limit (2016)

International audience
Defect Formation in SiO2:P2O5 Glasses by Excimer Laser Irradiation: Effects of Hydrogen Loading (2001)

In 1994 Malo et al. reported that refractive index change of more than 2x10-4 is induced in phosphorus-doped SiO2 glasses after H2-loading treatment by irradiation with ArF( not KrF) excimer laser pulses. This is the first paper reporting a large index change in Ge-free SiO2 glasses. Here we examine defect formation in P-doped SiO2 glasses before and after H2-loading by excimer laser irradiation and consider the origin of the induced index change in H2-loaded specimen.
Intercalation Mechanism and Interlayer Structure of Hexadecylamines in the Confined Space of Layered α-Zirconium Phosphates (2005)

Well-defined hexadecylamine (HDA) intercalated structures, either interdigitated layers, bilayers, or hybrid layers of both, in a confined space of highly functionalized layered alpha-zirconium phosphates (alpha-ZrPs) have been prepared based on the two-step intercalation mechanism and these distinct intercalated structures can serve as a model system to investigate the interactions of two monolayers whose amphiphilic tails are adjacent to each other. At the first intercalation step, the electrostatic interaction between HDAs and alpha-ZrP is dominant and results in an interdigitated layer structure (d(001) = 3.0 nm) and the interdigitated layer is saturated at around phi = 50%, where phi is the weight fraction of intercalated HDAs in the intergallery of alpha-ZrP. For phi higher than 50%, the bilayer structure (d(001) = 4.3 nm) emerges due to further hydrophobic interaction between HDAs initially grafted to alpha-ZrP and unanchored HDAs and the relative fraction of the bilayer structure over the interdigitated layer increases with the increase in the intercalated amount of HDAs. The intriguing morphology of alpha-ZrP tactoids intercalated with HDAs in coexisting bilayers and interdigitated layers is observed by using microtomed TEM and the two-step intercalation has also been verified with TGA and FT-IR. Also, a structural transition from the bilayers to the interdigitated layers is monitored by using in situ synchrotron WAXS showing that the hydrophobically intercalated HDAs are selectively deintercalated at a relatively low decomposition temperature around 220 degrees C.
Laser Physics (2004)

Abstract This article concerns the physics of lasers, including population inversion, pumping processes, stimulated emission, and resonators. Important laser characteristics such as narrow spectral linewidth, high spatial collimation, and ultrashort pulses are discussed. A review is given of several types of laser media, laser dynamics, and modes of laser operation. Methods for control of laser output and practical considerations in laser design are considered. Finally, there is a discussion of nonlinear optical techniques for frequency conversion of laser radiation.
Next Generation IGBT and Package Technologies for High Voltage Applications (2017)

In this paper, we will present an overview of the latest results covering both Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) and packaging technologies intended for demanding high-power applications. We will present the recently developed press pack module rated at 4500 V and 3000 A utilizing an advanced reverse conducting RC-IGBT for hard switching application, which together with the improved module layout yields the most powerful IGBT-based device up to date. For applications that require isolated modules, we will show our new dual IGBT module rated up to 3.3 kV and 450 A. The module layout was optimized to allow highly scalable converter designs with overall low stray inductances. This opens up new possibilities to further reduce losses due to the fact that the devices can be made thinner than today's limits for achieving lower switching losses with soft performance. We will show the latest results from the enhanced trench IGBT-cell development and give an outlook for the power levels that can be achieved by combining the new cell with the RC-IGBT concept.
Desmopressin testing in von Willebrand disease: Lowering the burden (2022)

Desmopressin testing is not needed when lowest historical VWF:Act is 0.30 IU/ml or greater. In patients with Type 1 VWD who require testing, measurements after T1 are often not needed. In patients with Type 2 VWD who require testing, we advise performing T1 and T4 measurements.
Peltier cooling in current-perpendicular-to-plane metallic junctions (2006)

Peltier cooling in submicron-sized current-perpendicular-to-plane metallic junctions (CPP-MJs) and enhancement of the Peltier coefficients are reported. The main goal of this study was to measure the temperature dependence of the Peltier coefficient. We fabricated submicron-sized CPP-MJs with Co∕Au and Cr∕Au interfaces. The obtained Peltier coefficients for the Co∕Au and Cr∕Au interfaces had opposite signs, and the magnitudes of both decreased as temperature decreased. A bridge type CPP-MJ having a Ti island connecting Co and Cr pillars was fabricated as a model of an electronic element. It also had a decrement of resistance with current. This indicates that Peltier cooling is effective to control the temperature of an electronic device such as a hard-disk head.
Pulsed Writing of Solid State Holograms (1973)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text T. K. Gaylord, T. A. Rabson, F. K. Tittel, and C. R. Quick, "Pulsed Writing of Solid State Holograms," Appl. Opt. 12, 414-415 (1973) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
BUBR1 and MAD2: Novel Markers for Predicting Benefit from Adjuvant Anthracyclines? (2009)

Abstract Background: We previously demonstrated the importance of duplication of CEP17 (C17) in predicting sensitivity to anthracyclines in two retrospective adjuvant trials (BR9601 and MA.5). Spindle checkpoint failure, and resultant chromosome instability (CIN), could be a mechanism for this observation. BubR1 and MAD2 are key components of the spindle assembly checkpoint which prevent progression to anaphase. Overexpression of BUBR1 or a reduction in MAD2 is associated with CIN and polysomy. Unlike MAD2, BubR1 competitively binds, phosphorylates and stabilises p53 during mitosis, at a site overlapping that of MDM2. Therefore, BubR1 is implicated in both spindle assembly and DNA damage checkpoints. We investigated BubR1 and MAD2 as predictive markers of anthracycline sensitivity in breast cancer.Methods: We evaluated cytoplasmic BubR1 and MAD2 protein expression in 321 tumours from patients in the BR9601 trial, which compared E-CMF with CMF as adjuvant therapy for breast cancer. Overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) were estimated using Kaplan-Meier curves.Results: BubR1 and MAD2 overexpression were detected in 49.2% and 25.1% of tumors, respectively. Both MAD2 and BubR1 overexpression were associated with ER negativity (p&amp;lt;0.0001, p=0.013) and high grade (p&amp;lt;0.0001, p=0.029). BubR1 overexpression was associated with C17 (p=0.0003) and high proliferation (Ki67, p&amp;lt;0.0001); similar trends were noted for MAD2. BubR1 overexpression was associated with reduced RFS (HR: 1.58, 95%C.I. 1.06-2.37, p=0.024) and OS (HR: 1.831 95%C.I. 1.161-2.890), whereas there was no clear association with outcome for MAD2.Interaction tests revealed no significant evidence that the benefit of the addition of epirubicin to CMF was confined to those tumours with either high levels of BubR1 or low levels of MAD2 (BubR1 HR: 1.70 95%C.I. 0.74-3.87 and MAD2 HR: 0.573 95%C.I. 0.143-2.296). However, combining overexpression of BubR1 with low expression of MAD2 selects for 33.0% (98/297) of patients and is associated overall with a poorer RFS (HR: 0.602 95%C.I. 0.402-0.902, p=0.014) but an increased RFS benefit from the addition of anthracycline to CMF (HR: 0.409 95%C.I. 0.208-0.803) than those with any other combination of BubR1 and MAD2 expression (HR: 0.718 95%C.I. 0.423-1.216). Similar results were noted with OS. However, neither treatment by marker interaction reached significance (RFS HR: 1.73 95%C.I. 0.74-1.08, p=0.208; OS HR 1.820 95%C.I. 0.707-4.686, p=0.215).Conclusion: BubR1 overexpression is associated with an aggressive phenotype and decreased RFS and OS in BR9601 patients. Tumours with BubR1 overexpression and/or low MAD2 expression showed a potential increased sensitivity to anthracycline therapy compared to those with low BubR1 levels and/or high MAD2 expression. Small trials (BR9601) are useful for hypothesis generating; further work in larger patient cohorts such as MA.5 or NEAT is warranted. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 2124.