gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
NEW HORIZONS IN III-V MULTIJUNCTION TERRESTRIAL CONCENTRATOR CELL RESEARCH (2006)

The high efficiency of multijunction concentrator cells has the potential to revolutionize the cost structure of photovoltaic electricity generation, and still higher efficiencies can be reached. This paper discusses the dependence of 3- and 4-junction terrestrial concentrator cell efficiency on the bandgaps of their component subcells, based on theory and experiment. 4-junction cells limited by radiative recombination can reach over 58% in principle. Practical 4-junction cell efficiencies over 46% are possible with the right combination of bandgaps, taking into account series resistance and gridline shadowing, based on measured 39% 3-junction cell efficiency. Many of the optimum bandgaps for maximum energy conversion can be accessed with lattice-mismatched, or metamorphic semiconductor materials, and such cells have reached a new record efficiency of 39.3% (179 suns, AM1.5D, low- AOD, 25°C). The lower current and resulting lower I 2 R resistive power loss in cells with 4 or more junctions is a particularly significant advantage in concentrator PV systems. The energy production of 3 to 6-junction cells with daily variation in air mass and spectrum is analyzed. Energy production is found to increase with each additional junction, due to reduced resistive power loss and better division of the solar spectrum over most of the day. Prototype 4-junction terrestrial concentrator cells have been grown by metal-organic vapor-phase epitaxy, with preliminary measured efficiency of 35.7% under the AM1.5 direct terrestrial solar spectrum at 256 suns.
Correlation between Inflammatory Biomarkers and Red Blood Cell Life Span in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients (2017)

Our study suggests that inflammation pathways reported by these biomarkers only have a limited role in causing premature RBC death. The positive correlation with uric acid and BUN warrants further studies.
Inherently broadband linearized modulator for high-SFDR, low-NF microwave photonic links (2016)

Analytical and experimental data are presented for a broadband (1-18 GHz) microwave photonic link featuring a novel linearized modulator. Because the input RF signal need only be applied to this linearized modulator's single set of electrodes, it suppresses nonlinear distortion across an inherently broad bandwidth.
Modelling and analysis of split-capacitor push-pull parallel-resonant converter in normal mode (2009)

This paper presents a new model through which the operation of push-pull parallel resonant converters (PPRC) in normal mode can be analysed. The paper also introduces a technique whereby the converter, configured in a split-capacitor topology, can be operated either in buck or boost mode with a variable voltage gain. The three modes of operations of the converter with zero-voltage switching (ZVS) are achieved by generating a variable switching frequency through a variable phase-shift. The normal mode of operation, which is realised by switching the converter at its damped resonant frequency with zero phase-shift, is analysed in detail by deriving explicit analytical solutions for its performance and ZVS frequency. Experimental results of a 50 W prototype PPRC converter operated in the normal mode are presented and compared with simulations and theoretical results to prove the validity of both the proposed model and analysis. Impact of parasitic elements on performance has also been investigated and results indicate that they have only a little impact on the performance.
Local Heat Transfer and Flow Distributions for Impinging Jet Arrays of Dense and Sparse Extent (2002)

Full-surface heat transfer coefficient distribution measurements have been made using a liquid crystal thermography technique for several cases of normally impinging jet arrays onto a flat, smooth surface within a region bounded on three sides. While the impingement target plate remains of a fixed size, the impingement jet array has been changed to cover a wide range of conditions, extending beyond the currently available literature data. Axial and lateral jet spacing values of x/D and y/D of 3, 6, and 9 have been used, all with square orientation and in-line jets. The jet plate-to-target surface distance z/D has been varied from 1.25 to 5.5. Jet Reynolds numbers ranged from 14,000 to 65,000. In the sparse array limiting case, the number of jet rows is four in the axial direction and three in the lateral direction. For the dense array limiting case, the number of jet rows is 26 in the axial direction and 20 in the lateral direction. Using both heat transfer and pressure distribution measurements, results are compared to the existing correlation of Florschuetz et al. [1], showing excellent agreement in regions of common parameters. In regions not previously reported in the literature, the present study extends the streamwsie row-averaged heat transfer coefficient correlation of [1] with a modified correlation for design use.
Book reviews (2002)

Does America Need a Foreign Policy? Toward a Diplomacy for the 21st Century By Henry Kissinger £20.00, 318 pages Simon & Schuster New York. 2001 ISBN 0684855674 SOE in the Low Countries By MRD Foot £25.00, St Ermin's Press, London 2001. 525 Pages ISBN: 190360804X Interrogations: The Nazi Elite in Allied Hands, 1945 By Richard Overy £25.00,650 pages, Allen Lane/The Penguin Press, 2001 ISBN 0–713–99350–2 Astropolitik: Classical Geopolitics In The Space Age By Everett C. Dolman. £17.50,224 pages. Frank Cass, London, 2001, ISBN: 0714681970 Find and Destroy: Antisubmarine Warfare in World War I By Dwight R Messimer (Annapolis, Maryland; Naval Institute Press, 2001); xv + 298 pages. $37.50. ISBN 1–55750–447–4; Trident on Trial: The Case for People's Disarmament By Angie Zelter £9.99, 312 pages, Luath Press 2001 ISBN 1–84282–004–4 PESSIMISM AND BRITISH WAR POLICY 1916–1918 By Brock Millman, £45.00, 322 pages, Frank Cass, London, 2001, ISBN 0 7146 5079 X Humane Warfare By Christopher Coker, £15.99,170 pages, Routledge, London, 2001, reprinted 2002, ISBN 0–415–25576–7 (pbk) THE FULL MONTY‐MONTGOMERY OF ALAMEIN 1887–1942 By Nigel Hamilton, £25.00, 902 pages, Allen lane, The Penguin Press, ISBN 0 713 993340 Technology and Naval Combat in the Twentieth Century and Beyond By Phillips Payson O'Brien (Editor) £39.50, 288 pages, Frank Cass Publishers, 2001 ISBN 0714651257
Evaluation of the allergenic potential of Ginkgo biloba extracts. (2001)

Ginkgo biloba extracts are used for the treatment of central and peripheral malperfusion, cerebral insufficiency and dementia. Between 1996 and 1998, several patients in Austria who had received parenteral Ginkgo extracts were reported to have developed allergy-like symptoms. The aim of the present study was to determine whether Ginkgo biloba extracts contain type I allergens. The protein content of Ginkgo biloba extracts was determined by BCA protein determination and SDS-PAGE. We used sera from 95 polysensitized plant-allergic patients (the sera contained IgE antibodies against most plant allergens), and rabbit antisera raised against defined recombinant plant allergens. The presence of allergens in Ginkgo extracts was determined by dot-blotting and Wester blot. Neither rabbit antisera nor IgE antibodies of patients reacted to the Ginkgo extracts. In addition, it was shown that prick testing of the skin could be conveniently used to study Gingko extracts for allergenic activity. In conclusion, no evidence for the presence of type I allergens in Ginkgo extracts was found. We recommend serological and/or skin testing to exclude sensitisation to components of Ginkgo biloba extracts.
Diagnosis of Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis (2020)

This chapter outlines key principles of diagnostic evaluation for tuberculosis (TB), then provide an overview of the role of the clinical history and physical examination in screening patients for active pulmonary TB. It discusses the sample collection for diagnostic testing, and conclude with a review of current and emerging diagnostic tests for TB, focusing on the principles underlying these new technologies and drawing examples from the tests most commonly implemented in routine clinical and public health practice. The history and physical examination provide an important starting point in the diagnostic evaluation of active TB disease. In individuals who cannot expectorate on initial request and with coaching, it is worth making a second request for sputum at a later time, before moving on to sputum induction or bronchoscopy. A thorough and accurate diagnostic evaluation for TB requires that clinicians integrate information from the clinical assessment with knowledge of the performance of different testing strategies using a formal or informal likelihood-based approach.
Field Trial of 95-GHz Frequency-Modulated Continuous-Wave Radar System Driven by Radio Over Fiber Techniques (2018)

Millimeter-wave radar system connected to an optical synthesizer is evaluated at outdoor fields in tropical weather conditions. Maximum range and its resolution are evaluated at the field. Polarization imaging by the perpendicular antenna configuration is also performed in 95-GHz bands.
Mechano-catalytic overall water splitting (1998)

S. Ikeda, T. Takata, T. Kondo, G. Hitoki, M. Hara, J. N. Kondo, K. Domen, H. Hosono, H. Kawazoe and A. Tanaka, Chem. Commun., 1998, 2185 DOI: 10.1039/A804549F
Transcutaneous Regional Venous Oximetry (2011)

Validation and subsequent improvement of this technique requires correlation of our results with venous blood gas measurements, followed by incorporation of technologies from related fields in oximetry (fetal reflectance oximetry and near-infrared spectroscopy), as well as the development of advanced signal processing techniques.
FAST TRANSIENT SIMULATIONS FOR MULTI-SEGMENT TRANSMISSION LINES WITH A GRAPHICAL MODEL (2019)

This paper studies a computationally efficient algebraic graph theory engine for simulating time-domain one-dimensional waves in a multi-segment transmission line, such as for reflectometry applications. Efficient simulation of time-domain signals in multi-segment transmission lines is challenging because the number of propagation paths (and therefore the number of operations) increases exponentially with each new interface. We address this challenge through the use of a frequency-domain, algebraic graphical model of wave propagation, which is then converted to the time domain via the Fourier transform. We use this model to achieve an exact, stable, and computationally efficient (O(NQ), where N is the number of segments and Q is the bandwidth) approach for studying one-dimensional wave propagation. Our approach requires the reflection and transmission coefficients for each interface and each segment's complex propagation constant. Furthermore, we compare our simulation results with known analytical solutions.
Metabolic Evaluation of the Dietary Guidelines’ Ounce Equivalents of Protein Food Sources in Young Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial (2020)

The "ounce equivalents" of protein food sources as expressed in the DGAs are not metabolically equivalent in young healthy individuals. The magnitude of anabolic response to dietary proteins should be considered as the DGAs develop approaches to establish healthy eating patterns.
Macromolecular Crystal Engineering Based on Segmented Polymers: Influence of Heteroatoms on the Thermal Properties and Crystallization of m,n‐Polyurethanes Derived from Long‐Chain, Heteroatom‐Containing, Monodisperse α,ω‐Diols (2003)

Abstract Long‐chain heteroatom‐containing telechelic diols with 29–32 atoms in the backbone were synthesized by a one‐step, free‐radical telomerization of 10‐undecene‐1‐ol with commercially available α , ω ‐dithiols. The oxygen and sulfur atoms caused a decrease in the melting point and enthalpy of the diols, compared to the corresponding purely aliphatic diols. The heteroatom‐containing α , ω ‐diols HO(CH 2 ) 11 S(CH 2 ) 2 X(CH 2 ) 2 S(CH 2 ) 11 OH, where X = CH 2 , O, or O(CH 2 ) 2 O, were reacted in the melt with 1,6‐diisocyanatohexane OCN(CH 2 ) 6 NCO, producing a series of polyurethanes containing an increasing amount of heteroatoms. Characterization by differential scanning calorimetry, infra‐red spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and wide angle x‐ray scattering of the m , n ‐polyurethane series showed that, like the telechelic diols they were synthesized from, the heteroatoms caused a decrease in the melting point and enthalpy. However, they did not affect either the decomposition temperature or the crystal structure/packing. Typical decomposition behavior of all the heteroatom‐containing m ,6‐polyurethane. magnified image Typical decomposition behavior of all the heteroatom‐containing m ,6‐polyurethane.
Incommensurate Structure of the Organic Superconductor (MDT-TS)I 0.85 Br 0.41 (2006)

1B, 4C/2004G226 Incommensurate Structure of the Organic Superconductor (MDT-TS)I0.85Br0.41 Tadashi KAWAMOTO, Yoshimasa BANDO, Takehiko MORI, Toru KAKIUCHI, Hiroshi SAWA, Kazuo TAKIMIYA, Tetsuo OTSUBO Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan Department of Materials Structure Science, The Graduate University of Advanced Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy of Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
Promotion of neutralizing antibody-independent immunity to wild-type and SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern using an RBD-Nucleocapsid fusion protein (2022)

Both T cells and B cells have been shown to be generated after infection with SARS-CoV-2 yet protocols or experimental models to study one or the other are less common. Here, we generate a chimeric protein (SpiN) that comprises the receptor binding domain (RBD) from Spike (S) and the nucleocapsid (N) antigens from SARS-CoV-2. Memory CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells specific for SpiN could be detected in the blood of both individuals vaccinated with Coronavac SARS-CoV-2 vaccine and COVID-19 convalescent donors. In mice, SpiN elicited a strong IFN-γ response by T cells and high levels of antibodies to the inactivated virus, but not detectable neutralizing antibodies (nAbs). Importantly, immunization of Syrian hamsters and the human Angiotensin Convertase Enzyme-2-transgenic (K18-ACE-2) mice with Poly ICLC-adjuvanted SpiN promotes robust resistance to the wild type SARS-CoV-2, as indicated by viral load, lung inflammation, clinical outcome and reduction of lethality. The protection induced by SpiN was ablated by depletion of CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells and not transferred by antibodies from vaccinated mice. Finally, vaccination with SpiN also protects the K18-ACE-2 mice against infection with Delta and Omicron SARS-CoV-2 isolates. Hence, vaccine formulations that elicit effector T cells specific for the N and RBD proteins may be used to improve COVID-19 vaccines and potentially circumvent the immune escape by variants of concern.
NOTES AND CORRESPONDENCE On the Dynamics of b Plumes (2001)

The dynamics of zonal recirculating flows ( b plumes) driven by a source of potential vorticity, or a sink of mass, located at the eastern boundary of an ocean basin are investigated using analytical solutions of the barotropic, linear, steady quasigeostrophic equation with bottom and lateral friction. By scaling the ratio of the strength of the recirculation to that of the sink by that from the inviscid solution, the regimes are identified in which friction becomes a dominant factor. The primary new finding of this study is that the recirculating flow component disappears due to frictional effects when the meridional extent of the sink becomes small. Unlike for the zonal extent of the sink, which affects the recirculating component only if it is on the order of the frictional boundary layer scale, the deviation of the recirculating flow strength from that given by the inviscid solution is apparent for meridional sink scales, which are much larger than the frictional boundary layer scale. Also, location of the maximum recirculation and westward penetration distance of the plumes are quantified. Finally, a stability analysis is conducted to determine the parameter regime in which the b plumes are candidates for instability.
Antibody and T cell responses against wild-type and Omicron SARS-CoV-2 after third-dose BNT162b2 in adolescents (2022)

The high effectiveness of the third dose of BNT162b2 in healthy adolescents against Omicron BA.1 has been reported in some studies, but immune responses conferring this protection are not yet elucidated. In this analysis, our study (NCT04800133) aims to evaluate the humoral and cellular responses against wild-type and Omicron (BA.1, BA.2 and/or BA.5) SARS-CoV-2 before and after a third dose of BNT162b2 in healthy adolescents. At 5 months after 2 doses, S IgG, S IgG Fc receptor-binding, and neutralising antibody responses waned significantly, yet neutralising antibodies remained detectable in all tested adolescents and S IgG avidity increased from 1 month after 2 doses. The antibody responses and S-specific IFN-γ<sup>+</sup> and IL-2<sup>+</sup> CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell responses were significantly boosted in healthy adolescents after a homologous third dose of BNT162b2. Compared to adults, humoral responses for the third dose were non-inferior or superior in adolescents. The S-specific IFN-γ<sup>+</sup> and IL-2<sup>+</sup> CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell responses in adolescents and adults were comparable or non-inferior. Interestingly, after 3 doses, adolescents had preserved S IgG, S IgG avidity, S IgG FcγRIIIa-binding, against Omicron BA.2, as well as preserved cellular responses against BA.1 S and moderate neutralisation levels against BA.1, BA.2 and BA.5. Sera from 100 and 96% of adolescents tested at 1 and 5 months after two doses could also neutralise BA.1. Our study found high antibody and T cell responses, including potent cross-variant reactivity, after three doses of BNT162b2 vaccine in adolescents in its current formulation, suggesting that current vaccines can be protective against symptomatic Omicron disease.
Expression of 11 members of the BCL‐2 family of apoptosis regulatory molecules during human preimplantation embryo development and fragmentation (2004)

Apoptosis during preimplantation development has received much interest because of its potential role in eliminating defective cells. Although development in humans is characterised by a high degree of genetic abnormality, little is known of the regulation of apoptosis in embryos. By PolyA PCR we analysed expression of 11 BCL-2 genes in individual human embryos representative of normal development and in severely fragmented embryos. We demonstrate constitutive expression of BAX in virtually all embryos at all stages of development, and variable expression of BCL2, BCL-XL, BCL-W, MCL-1 BAK, BAD, BOKL, BID, BIK, and BCL-XS. The frequency of expression of pro- and anti-apoptotic BCL-2 members was similar throughout development, except at the two-cell stage where pro-apoptotic genes predominated. Protein expression was confirmed for BCL-2, MCL-1, BCL-X, BAX, BAD, and activated caspase 3. BCL-2 protein was associated with mitochondria but expressed inconsistently in the blastocyst inner cell mass. Consistent differences between morphologically intact and fragmented embryos included the expression of BAK in fragmented but not intact four-cell embryos. Our study addresses the importance of examining single human embryos representative of the viable population for a large number of genes, in order to establish meaningful expression profiles and provide information on overlapping function in a large gene family.
ChemInform Abstract: α‐Nitrogen Activating Effect in the Room Temperature Copper‐Promoted N‐Arylation of Heteroarylcarboxamides with Phenyl Siloxane or p‐Toluylboronic Acid. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Manipulation of the host cell death pathway byShigella (2014)

Host cells deploy multiple defences against microbial infection. One prominent host defence mechanism, the death of infected cells, plays a pivotal role in clearing damaged cells, eliminating pathogens, removing replicative niches, exposing intracellular bacterial pathogens to extracellular immune surveillance and presenting bacteria-derived antigens to the adaptive immune system. Although cell death can occur under either physiological or pathophysiological conditions, it acts as an innate defence mechanism against bacterial pathogens by limiting their persistent colonization. However, many bacterial pathogens, including Shigella, have evolved mechanisms that manipulate host cell death for their own benefit.
Impact of Downstream Ash Plasmas on Ultra Low-k Materials (2005)

International audience
Near-band-gap photoluminescence from pseudomorphic Si1−xGex single layers on silicon (1992)

The systematic study of band-edge luminescence in pseudomorphic Si/Si1−xGex/Si double-heterostructure layers is reported for a wide composition range, 0.12&amp;lt;x&amp;lt;0.24, for the first time. An analytical expression for the exciton energy gap at 4.2 K valid for x&amp;lt;0.24 is derived from the no-phonon line energies: ESX(x) = 1.155−0.874x+0.376x2 eV. Addition of an expression for the exciton binding energy provides an approximation for the energy difference between the alloy valence band and the lowest conduction-band edge at low temperature. An exciton upshift of 16.9 meV due to quantum confinement is observed in a 6.3-nm Si0.83Ge0.17 alloy well. This is consistent with either type-I or type-II band alignment for which the conduction-band offset has a magnitude ‖ΔEc‖ ≤ 10 meV. The excitonic hole is closely confined in the alloy but the spectra suggest that the electron density in the silicon barriers is increased for the thin layer.
Bidentate NHC-Based Chiral Ligands for Efficient Cu-Catalyzed Enantioselective Allylic Alkylations:  Structure and Activity of an Air-Stable Chiral Cu Complex (2004)

Cu-catalyzed addition of alkylzinc reagents to a range of allylic phosphates is promoted efficiently and with high enantioselectivity to afford tertiary as well as quaternary carbon centers (up to 98% ee). Reactions proceed to completion with 0.5-5 mol % catalyst loading and are best promoted by commercially available CuCl2.2H2O. The X-ray structure of the chiral NHC-Ag(I) complex used in the study as well as that of a catalytically active NHC-Cu(II) complex are also reported; both complexes are air-stable and are formed in >/=95% isolated yield. The isolated Cu complex, which can be handled in air, is catalytically active. The present report provides the first precedent for efficient Cu-catalyzed allylic alkylations with chiral NHC ligands.