gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Surface wave focusing and acoustic communications in the surf zone (2004)

The forward scattering of acoustic signals off of shoaling surface gravity waves in the surf zone results in a time-varying channel impulse response that is characterized by intense, rapidly fluctuating arrivals. In some cases, the acoustic focusing by the curvature of the wave crest results in the formation of caustics at or near a receiver location. This focusing and the resulting caustics present challenges to the reliable operation of phase coherent underwater acoustic communications systems that must implicitly or explicitly track the fluctuations in the impulse response. The propagation physics leading to focusing are studied with both experimental data and a propagation model using surface wave profiles measured during the collection of the experimental data. The deterministic experimental and modeled data show good agreement and demonstrate the stages of the focusing event and the impact of the high intensity arrivals and rapid fluctuations on the ability of an algorithm to accurately estimate the impulse response. The statistical characterization of experimental data shows that the focusing by surface gravity waves results in focused surface reflected arrivals whose intensity often exceeds that of the direct arrival and the focusing and caustic formation adversely impacts the performance of an impulse response estimation algorithm.
EMRE is essential for mitochondrial calcium uniporter activity in a mouse model (2020)

The mitochondrial calcium uniporter is widely accepted as the primary route of rapid calcium entry into mitochondria, where increases in matrix calcium contribute to bioenergetics but also mitochondrial permeability and cell death. Hence, regulation of uniporter activity is critical to mitochondrial homeostasis. The uniporter subunit EMRE is known to be an essential regulator of the channel-forming protein MCU in cell culture, but EMRE's impact on organismal physiology is less understood. Here we characterize a mouse model of EMRE deletion and show that EMRE is indeed required for mitochondrial calcium uniporter function in vivo. EMRE-/- mice are born less frequently; however, the mice that are born are viable, healthy, and do not manifest overt metabolic impairment, at rest or with exercise. Finally, to investigate the role of EMRE in disease processes, we examine the effects of EMRE deletion in a muscular dystrophy model associated with mitochondrial calcium overload.
Optimization of MMC level number for battery integration in MV grid (2020)

The integration of battery energy storage systems in electrical grids is one of the most interesting challenges of the recent years. In this regard, one potential solution is based on a modular multilevel converter (MMC) with batteries directly embedded at each submodule level. This solution allows to reach medium voltage level using low voltage devices avoiding the necessity of complex battery management system to balance the high voltage battery modules. Several studies have been performed on MMC topologies to integrate storages. Nevertheless, there are not dedicated studies to analyse the effect of the number of levels on efficiency and cost of the final solution. This paper focuses on the efficiency evaluation and on the cost analysis of the MMC combined with energy storage systems. After evaluating the total power losses of the converter, the efficiency for different number of submodules is analysed. In addition, cost comparison between different solutions, taking into account several factors such as component price, converter power losses cost and operational & maintenance cost, is discussed.
A phase I trial of a local delivery of siRNA against k-ras in combination with chemotherapy for locally advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma. (2013)

4037 Background:K-Ras mutation G12D is most prevalent in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC). siRNA against the K-Ras G12D (siG12D) mutant had showed significant preclinical anti-tumor effects. siG12D LODER - miniature biodegradable polymeric matrix that encompasses anti-K-RasG12D siRNA drug, is placed with Endoscopic US biopsy and designed to continuously release the drug regionally over a period of 4 months. Methods: Open label phase I study of patients with locally advanced non-operable PDAC in the first-line setting. Patients were assigned to receive siG12D LODERs in dose escalation cohorts: 0.025mg, 0.75mg and 3.0mg. Gemcitabine 1000 mg/m 2 IV was given weekly, following siG12D LODER insertion. The RP2D (recommended phase II dose) was further examined in 3.0 mg dose cohort in combination with modified Folfirinox (Oxaliplatin 85mg/m2, Irinotecan 150mg/m2, Fluorouracil infusion 2,400mg/m2 46 hours, every 2 weeks). Follow up period was 8 weeks and survival follow up until death. Primary study objectives were to determine the dose-limiting toxicities (DLT) and maximum tolerated doses (MTD). Results:15 patients have been enrolled. 2 patients were omitted from study due to metastatic disease detected on day 1 post siG12D LODER implant imaging . Median age = 70 (range 52-85); male:female 8:7. Among 13 treated patients, the most frequent adverse events observed in the study were typically grade 1- 2 in severity; 4 patients experienced serious adverse events (SAE), one procedure related. No DLTs were observed. MTD was not reached. CT performed 8-10 weeks following the procedure showed stable disease in all patients. Reduction in tumor marker CA 19-9 was observed in 64% (7/11) of patients. The median survival of 13 patients was 16 months ( 8/13 patients still alive at analysis). Conclusions: The combination of siG12D LODER and chemotherapy is well tolerated. The combination has demonstrated promising efficacy in locally advanced PDAC with durable responses. Phamocodynamic endpoints are currently being examined in an expansion cohort in operable patients. A phase II randomized trial is planned in order to investigate efficacy of siG12D LODER in locally advanced non-operable PDAC. Clinical trial information: NCT01188785.
Expression of the cell death-inducing gene bax in carcinomas developed from the follicular cells of the thyroid gland. (1996)

The expression of apoptosis-regulating proteins, Bcl-2, Bax, Mcl-1, and Bcl-X, was evaluated by immunohistochemical methods in 39 cases of thyroid carcinomas. Normal thyroid tissues showed a consistent expression of Bcl-2 and Mcl-1 whereas Bax and Bcl-X proteins were essentially absent from most follicular thyroid cells. Bax expression was observed in all papillary carcinomas (n = 23) and in 8 of 10 follicular carcinomas. The intensity of Bcl-2 immunostaining was generally higher in follicular tumors (n = 10) than in papillary carcinomas (n = 21 of 23). However, in undifferentiated tumors, both Bax and Bcl-2 were weakly expressed. Mcl-1 protein expression was similar to that of Bax in papillary and follicular tumors, but was also frequently detectable in undifferentiated tumors. Bcl-X immunostaining was seen in all undifferentiated tumors (n = 6), in 22 of 23 papillary tumors, and in 5 of 10 follicular tumors. Our findings show that the regulation of bcl-2 family gene expression is different in normal thyroid tissue compared to that of its neoplastic counterpart and varies with the tumor subtype. In particular, unlike normal thyroid epithelium, the apoptosis-blocking gene bcl-X and the apoptosis-inducing gene bax are frequently expressed in thyroid carcinomas derived from the follicular cells. Thus, alterations in the expression of these bcl-2 family genes may contribute to the pathogenesis of thyroid carcinomas.
IBM Research Australia at LifeCLEF2014: Plant Identification Task. (2014)

In this paper, we present the system and learning strategies that were applied by the IBM Research team to the plant identication task of LifeCLEF 2014. Plant identication is one of the most popular ne-grained categorization tasks. To ensure high classication accuracy, we have utilised strong visual features together with fusion of robust machine learning techniques. Our proposed system involves automatic delineation of the region of interest (e.g. plant's leaf, ower, etc.) in the given image, followed by extracting multiple complementary low level features. The features have been then encoded into the sophisticated Fisher Vector representation which enables accurate classication with
Eyeblink EMG: A Miniature Eyelid Electrode for Recording from Orbicularis Oculi (1978)

ABSTRACT Reflex blinking is primarily controlled by fast fibers of the palpebral portion of the orbicularis oculi but it is difficult to record EMG from these fibers with standard surface electrodes. To solve this problem, a small, easily‐prepared, silver/silver chloride electrode embedded in a dental cement casing was developed. Using this electrode, recordings could be obtained from the palpebral component which were of high quality and were many times larger than those recorded from the slow or mixed fibers in the orbital portion.
Outdoor Electronic Equipment (2013)

The outdoor electronic equipment includes a large variety of various types of systems. Among them are the outside plant (OSP) and the remote radio head (RRH) for telecommunication applications. The OSP refers to all of the physical cabling and supporting infrastructure such as conduit, cabinets, towers or poles, and any associated hardware located between a demarcation point in a switching facility and a demarcation point in another switching center or customer premises. On the other hand, the RRH describes an operator radio control panel that connects to a remote radio transceiver via electrical or wireless interface. From the methods of equipment mounting, the outdoor system can generally be classified into two groups. One is the ground or vehicle mounted equipment and another is the tower or pole mounted systems.
Intelligent Integration of a Wind Farm to an Utility Power Network with Improved Voltage Stability (2006)

The increasing effect of wind energy generation will influence the dynamic behavior of power systems by interacting with conventional generation and loads. Due to the inherent characteristics of wind turbines, non-uniform power production causes variations in system voltage and frequency. Therefore, a wind farm requires high reactive power compensation. Flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) devices such as SVCs inject reactive power into the system which helps in maintaining a better voltage profile. This paper presents the design of a linear and a nonlinear coordinating controller between a SVC and the wind farm inverter at the point of interconnection. The performances of the coordinating controllers are evaluated on the IEEE 12 bus FACTS benchmark power system where one of the generators is replaced by a wind farm supplying 300 MW. Results are presented to show that the voltage stability of the entire power system during small and large disturbances is improved
Network Pruning via Annealing and Direct Sparsity Control (2020)

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) especially deep convolutional networks are very popular these days and have been proved to successfully offer quite reliable solutions to many vision problems. However, the use of deep neural networks is widely impeded by their intensive computational and memory cost. In this paper, we propose a novel efficient network pruning method that is suitable for both non-structured and structured channel-level pruning. Our proposed method tightens a sparsity constraint by gradually removing network parameters or filter channels based on a criterion and a schedule. The attractive fact that the network size keeps dropping throughout the iterations makes it suitable for the pruning of any untrained or pre-trained network. Because our method uses a $L_0$ constraint instead of the $L_1$ penalty, it does not introduce any bias in the training parameters or filter channels. Furthermore, the $L_0$ constraint makes it easy to directly specify the desired sparsity level during the network pruning process. Finally, experimental validation on extensive synthetic and real vision datasets show that the proposed method obtains better or competitive performance compared to other states of art network pruning methods.
Nano- to femtosecond nonlinear spectroscopy of polymethine molecules for optical limiting applications (2003)

Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text R. S. Lepkowicz, C. M. Cirloganu, O. V. Przhonska, J. Fu, I. Cohanoschi, D. J. Hagan, E. W. Van Stryland, M. M. Bondar, and Y. L. Slominsky, "Nano- to femtosecond nonlinear spectroscopy of polymethine molecules for optical limiting applications," in Frontiers in Optics, OSA Technical Digest (CD) (Optica Publishing Group, 2003), paper MLL5. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Insulator-to-metal transition of SrTiO3:Nb single crystal surfaces induced by Ar+ bombardment (2013)

In this paper, the effect of Ar+ bombardment of SrTiO3:Nb surface layers is investigated on the macro- and nanoscale using surface-sensitive methods. After bombardment, the stoichiometry and electronic structure are changed distinctly leading to an insulator-to-metal transition related to the change of the Ti “d” electron from d0 to d1 and d2. During bombardment, conducting islands are formed on the surface. The induced metallic state is not stable and can be reversed due to a redox process by external oxidation and even by self-reoxidation upon heating the sample to temperatures of 300 °C.
A 9.8 &#x03BC;m sample and hold time to amplitude converter CMOS SPAD pixel (2014)

A 9.8μm pitch SPAD-based pixel is presented with a novel and scalable Sample and Hold (S/H) Time to Amplitude Converter (TAC) pixel architecture offering the potential to create high spatial resolution Time Correlated Single Photon Counting (TCSPC) image sensors in the future. This pixel pitch is an order of magnitude smaller than previous TCSPC pixels. The NMOS-only TAC performance is measured in a single point TCSPC optical experimental setup. 93ps LSB time resolution is obtained over 80ns dynamic range. Dynamic range limitations are discussed and improvements are suggested.
Re-evaluation of Organocuprate Reactivity: Logarithmic Reactivity Profiles for Iodo- versus Cyano-Gilman Reagents in the Reactions of Organocuprates with 2-Cyclohexenone and Iodocyclohexane (1999)

The differences in reactivity between iodo-Gilman reagents R2CuLi⋅LiI and cyano-Gilman reagents R2CuLi⋅LiCN (see diagram; formerly R2Cu(CN)Li2) are less than the well-known effects of solvent (ether vs. THF) and TMSCl (in THF); this is consistent with the previous conclusion from several spectroscopic techniques and theoretical calculations that higher order cuprates are not involved.
Decrease in Breast Density in the Contralateral Normal Breast of Patients Receiving Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: MR Imaging Evaluation (2010)

By using three-dimensional MR imaging, patients receiving chemotherapy showed reduction of breast density, and the effects were significant after initial treatment with one to two cycles of the AC regimen.
PdII‐Catalyzed Enantioselective C(sp3)−H Activation/Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Free Carboxylic Acids (2018)

Abstract Pd II ‐catalyzed enantioselective C(sp 3 )−H cross‐coupling of free carboxylic acids with organoborons has been realized using either mono‐protected amino acid (MPAA) ligands or mono‐protected aminoethyl amine (MPAAM) ligands. A diverse range of aryl‐ and vinyl‐boron reagents can be used as coupling partners to provide chiral carboxylic acids. This reaction provides an alternative approach to the enantioselective synthesis of cyclopropanecarboxylic acids and cyclobutanecarboxylic acids containing α‐chiral tertiary and quaternary stereocenters. The utility of this reaction was further demonstrated by converting the carboxylic acid into cyclopropyl amine without loss of optical activity.
Mechanisms of Ammonium Transformation and Loss in Intermittently Aerated Leachfield Soil (2014)

Optimization of N removal in soil-based wastewater treatment systems requires an understanding of the microbial processes involved in N transformations. We examined the fate of NH in intermittently aerated leachfield mesocosms over a 24-h period. Septic tank effluent (STE) was amended with NHCl to help determine N speciation and distribution in drainage water, soil, and headspace gases. Our results show that 5.7% of the N was found in soil, 10.0% in drainage water, and 84.3% in the gas pool. Ammonium accounted for 41.7% of the soil N pool, followed by NO (29.2%), organic N (21.7%), and microbial biomass N (7.5%). In drainage water, NO constituted ∼80% of the N pool, whereas NH was absent from this pool. Nitrous oxide was the dominant form of N in the gas phase 6 h after addition of NH-amended STE to the mesocosms, after which its mass declined exponentially; by contrast, the mass of N was initially low but increased linearly with time to become the dominant form of N after 24 h. Analysis based on the isotopic enrichment of NO and N indicates that nitrification contributed 98.8 and 23.1% of the NO flux after 6 and 24 h, respectively. Our results show that gaseous losses are the main mechanism for NH removal from wastewater in intermittently aerated soil. In addition, nitrification, which is generally not considered a significant pathway for N loss in soil-based wastewater treatment, is an important source process for NO.
A novel sheathless interface for capillary electrophoresis/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry using an in-capillary electrode (1997)

A simple and rugged sheathless interface for capillary electrophoresis/electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (CE/ESI-MS) was designed using common laboratory tools and chemicals. The interface uses a small platinum (Pt) wire that is inserted into the CE capillary through a small hole near the terminus. The position of the wire inside the CE capillary and within the buffer solution is analogous to standard CE separation operations where the terminus of the CE capillary is placed inside a buffer reservoir along with a grounded platinum electrode. By combining the use of the in-capillary electrode interface with sharpening of the fused silica tip of the CE capillary outlet, a stable electrospray current was maintained for an extended period of time. The design was successfully applied to CE/ESI-MS separations and analysis of mixtures of peptides and proteins. A detection limit of approximately 4 femtomole (S/N = 3) was achieved for detection of myoglobin utilizing a 75-µm-i.d. aminopropylsilane treated CE column and using a wide scan range of 550–1300 Da. The advantages of this new design include (1) a stable CE and ESI current, (2) durability, (3) a reduced risk of sparking between the capillary tip and the inlet of the mass spectrometer, (4) lack of any dead volume, and (5) facile fabrication with common tools and chemicals.
An optical character recognition approach to qualifying thresholding algorithms (2008)

Pre-processing for raster image based document segmentation begins with image thresholding, which is a binarization process separating foreground from background. In this paper, we compare an existing (Otsu), modified existing (Kittler-Illingworth) and simple peak-based thresholding approach on a set of 982 documents for which existing ground truth (full text) is available. We use the output of an open source OCR engine which incorporates an adaptive/dynamic thresholder that can be bypassed by one of the three global thresholds we tested. This allowed comparison of these three approaches in the aggregate. We then used an independently-generated dictionary as a means of characterizing thresholder efficacy. Such an approach, if successful, will provide the means for selecting an optimal thresholder in the absence of a large set of ground truthed documents. Our preliminary findings here indicate that this approach may provide a reliable means for thresholder comparison and eventually preclude the need for time-intensive human ground truthing.
COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS (CFD) APPLIED IN THE DRUG DELIVERY DESIGN PROCESS TO THE NASAL PASSAGES: A REVIEW (2011)

Computer fluid dynamics (CFD) has for many years now been employed to study and solve fluid problems in the industry and offers an attractive method for accurately describing systems at a reasonable cost. Computer-aided methods are becoming increasingly important in medicine. Due to a combination of increased computer efficiency and advanced numerical techniques, the realism of these simulations has been enhanced in recent years. Over the past decade, computer-aided design has emerged as a method that is both sufficiently rigorous and efficient to be used for studies of the fluid dynamics in complex airway structures like the nasal airway. Physical experiments in vitro and in vivo are often expensive and time-consuming, and CFD has gained increasing attention as a tool in the design process of devices delivering drugs to the respiratory tract. This paper provides a review of the development of CFD in the studies of nasal airway fluid dynamics, particle and filtering properties in health and disease. Special emphasis is given to studies related to CFD studies used in the development of nasal drug delivery devices. The accuracy and value of CFD for the study of drug delivery design to the nose is reviewed in comparison to experimental results with other methods. Some important challenges when dealing with grid generation and flow simulations in these complex geometries with variable multiphase flow patterns in alternate directions are discussed.
Vascular Abnormalities and Deregulation of VEGF in Lkb1 -Deficient Mice (2001)

The LKB1 tumor suppressor gene, mutated in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, encodes a serine/threonine kinase of unknown function. Here we show that mice with a targeted disruption of Lkb1 die at midgestation, with the embryos showing neural tube defects, mesenchymal cell death, and vascular abnormalities. Extraembryonic development was also severely affected; the mutant placentas exhibited defective labyrinth layer development and the fetal vessels failed to invade the placenta. These phenotypes were associated with tissue-specific deregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression, including a marked increase in the amount of VEGF messenger RNA. Moreover, VEGF production in cultured Lkb1(-/-) fibroblasts was elevated in both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. These findings place Lkb1 in the VEGF signaling pathway and suggest that the vascular defects accompanying Lkb1 loss are mediated at least in part by VEGF.