gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Disruption of Dopamine Receptor 1 Localization to Primary Cilia Impairs Signaling in Striatal Neurons (2022)

A rod-shaped appendage called a primary cilium projects from the soma of most central neurons in the mammalian brain. The importance of cilia within the nervous system is highlighted by the fact that human syndromes linked to primary cilia dysfunction, collectively termed ciliopathies, are associated with numerous neuropathologies, including hyperphagia-induced obesity, neuropsychiatric disorders, and learning and memory deficits. Neuronal cilia are enriched with signaling molecules, including specific G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and their downstream effectors, suggesting that they act as sensory organelles that respond to neuromodulators in the extracellular space. We previously showed that GPCR ciliary localization is disrupted in neurons from mouse models of the ciliopathy Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS). Based on this finding, we hypothesized that mislocalization of ciliary GPCRs may impact receptor signaling and contribute to the BBS phenotypes. Here, we show that disrupting localization of the ciliary GPCR dopamine receptor 1 (D<sub>1</sub>) in male and female mice, either by loss of a BBS protein or loss of the cilium itself, specifically in D<sub>1</sub>-expressing neurons, results in obesity. Interestingly, the weight gain is associated with reduced locomotor activity, rather than increased food intake. Moreover, the loss of a BBS protein or cilia on D<sub>1</sub>-expressing neurons leads to a reduction in D<sub>1</sub>-mediated signaling. Together, these results indicate that cilia impact D<sub>1</sub> activity in the nervous system and underscore the importance of neuronal cilia for proper GPCR signaling.<b>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT</b> Most mammalian neurons possess solitary appendages called primary cilia. These rod-shaped structures are enriched with signaling proteins, such as G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), suggesting that they respond to neuromodulators. This study examines the consequences of disrupting ciliary localization of the GPCR dopamine receptor 1 (D<sub>1</sub>) in D<sub>1</sub>-expressing neurons. Remarkably, mice that have either an abnormal accumulation of D<sub>1</sub> in cilia or a loss of D<sub>1</sub> ciliary localization become obese. In both cases, the obesity is associated with lower locomotor activity rather than overeating. As D<sub>1</sub> activation increases locomotor activity, these results are consistent with a reduction in D<sub>1</sub> signaling. Indeed, we found that D<sub>1</sub>-mediated signaling is reduced in brain slices from both mouse models. Thus, cilia impact D<sub>1</sub> signaling in the brain.
Theoretical calculations of hydrogen adsorption by SnO2 (110) surface: Effect of doping and calcination (2010)

A pseudopotential plane-wave based density functional theory simulations of the hydrogen adsorption on rutile SnO2 (110) surface is reported. It is found that on doping with trivalent indium, the surface becomes unstable due to the formation of bridging oxygen vacancies. At sufficiently low doping level, the surface stabilizes at an oxygen vacancy to indium ratio of 1:2. Our calculations predict that at a higher doping level of 9 at. %, this ratio becomes larger, and point out a way to synthesize p-type conducting SnO2 thin films. The binding energy of SnO2 (110) surface with adsorbed hydrogen atoms display a maximum at 3–6 at. % of indium doping. This is in good agreement with the experimental results obtained from the SnO2-based hydrogen sensor’s sensitivity measurements given by Drake et al. [J. Appl. Phys. 101, 104307 (2007)]. The theoretical modeling explains that the calcinations treatment can critically affect the sensitivity of the hydrogen sensor due to the enhancement of the binding energy between the SnO2 surface and the adsorbed hydrogen atoms.
Rural sewage treatment technology evaluation method based on fuzzy advantages and disadvantages coefficient (2012)

In demonstration and extension of rural sewage treatment processing facilities,quantified evaluation of the technology solutions can improve the scientific nature of decisions-making.In this paper,a rural sewage treatment technology evaluation index system considering technology effectiveness,economy and efficiency was established,and the indicators included COD Removal Efficiency,NH+4-N Removal Efficiency,TP Removal Efficiency,Construction Cost,Operating Cost,Land occupation Area,Economic Benefits,Technology Stability,Management Easiness Degree and Ecological Coordination Degree.The rural sewage treatment technology evaluation method based on fuzzy advantages and disadvantages coefficient was proposed.The method includes initially screening the alternative solutions,evaluating the technology performance and the technology demands degrees from the study area with the indications systems and the fuzzy evaluation method,and building the pros and cons relationship matrix between the alternative solutions and calculating the pros and cons coefficient to obtain the optional solution.A case study was conducted in Youyi Village in Changzhou City,and the evaluation results matched the local conditions.The method considers not only the technical performance of rural sewage treatment technology,but also the applicability of the sewage treatment for rural areas and the matching between the technology performance and the technology demand.The method can serve as the decision analysis tool for sewage treatment technology demonstration and promotion in rural areas.
A ‘resource allocator’ for transcription based on a highly fragmented T7 RNA polymerase (2014)

Abstract Synthetic genetic systems share resources with the host, including machinery for transcription and translation. Phage RNA polymerases ( RNAP s) decouple transcription from the host and generate high expression. However, they can exhibit toxicity and lack accessory proteins (σ factors and activators) that enable switching between different promoters and modulation of activity. Here, we show that T7 RNAP (883 amino acids) can be divided into four fragments that have to be co‐expressed to function. The DNA ‐binding loop is encoded in a C‐terminal 285‐aa ‘σ fragment’, and fragments with different specificity can direct the remaining 601‐aa ‘core fragment’ to different promoters. Using these parts, we have built a resource allocator that sets the core fragment concentration, which is then shared by multiple σ fragments. Adjusting the concentration of the core fragment sets the maximum transcriptional capacity available to a synthetic system. Further, positive and negative regulation is implemented using a 67‐aa N‐terminal ‘α fragment’ and a null (inactivated) σ fragment, respectively. The α fragment can be fused to recombinant proteins to make promoters responsive to their levels. These parts provide a toolbox to allocate transcriptional resources via different schemes, which we demonstrate by building a system which adjusts promoter activity to compensate for the difference in copy number of two plasmids.
P3‐020: AXS‐05, A NOVEL ORAL NMDA RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST WITH MULTI‐MODAL ACTIVITY IN CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT FOR AGITATION ASSOCIATED WITH ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (2019)

AXS-05 (dextromethorphan [DM] and bupropion) is a novel oral NMDA receptor antagonist with multi-modal activity in clinical development for Alzheimer's disease (AD) agitation. AD agitation is associated with early institutionalization, accelerated cognitive decline, increased mortality and substantial economic burden. There are no approved pharmacological treatments for this condition. The DM component is an NMDA receptor antagonist, sigma-1 receptor agonist and inhibitor of norepinephrine and serotonin reuptake. The bupropion component increases plasma concentrations of DM by inhibiting its metabolism, and is a norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitor. Both DM and bupropion are nicotinic receptor antagonists. The ADVANCE trial is an ongoing Phase 2/3, randomized, double-blind, placebo- and active-controlled 5-week study of AXS-05 in AD agitation. Patients were originally randomized in a 1:1:1 ratio to treatment with either AXS-05, placebo, or bupropion. The primary endpoint of the study is the change in the Cohen Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI) for AXS-05 versus placebo. The single-agent bupropion arm of the study was included to compare the efficacy of AXS-05 to the bupropion component, with the goal of demonstrating the superiority of AXS-05, as required by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) combination product rule. An interim futility analysis was conducted by an independent data monitoring committee (IDMC) after 30% of subjects had been enrolled. The IDMC recommended continuation of the ADVANCE study with the AXS-05 and placebo treatment arms only. The IDMC recommended no further randomization of subjects to the bupropion treatment arm of the study. The IDMC did not indicate that there were any safety concerns in the study. Based on the IDMC recommendation following the positive interim analysis of the ADVANCE Phase 2/3 Trial Of AXS-05 in agitation associated with Alzheimer's disease, the trial will continue as a placebo-controlled study without further randomization to the active-comparator bupropion arm. AXS-05 is a novel, oral, fixed-dose combination of dextromethorphan and bupropion. The potential of AXS-05 to address AD agitation is supported by its multi-modal mechanisms of action including NMDA receptor antagonism and serotonin reuptake inhibition.
Bulk Polymerization of l‐Lactide with Dibenzoylmethane Sn(II) Compounds (2015)

The bulk polymerization behavior of l ‐lactide monomer using dibenzoylmethane ( DBM )‐based Sn( II ) compounds ( DBM )Sn( OBu ) ( 2 ) and ( DBM ) 2 Sn ( 3 ) is investigated. Compounds 2 and 3 were prepared from the reaction of Sn( OBu ) 2 ( 1 ) with 1 or 2 equiv of DBM , respectively. X‐ray diffraction studies revealed that, while 2 exists as a dimeric form linked by 1‐butoxide bridges, 3 is monomeric in the solid state. The Sn( II ) centers in both compounds adopt distorted square‐pyramidal geometry. Ring‐opening polymerization of l ‐lactide with 1–3 efficiently produced poly( l ‐lactide)s with high molecular weight and narrow polydispersities ( PDI &lt; 2). The catalytic activity was found to be in the order 1 &gt; 2 &gt; 3 , indicating that the DBM ligand causes a sluggish coordinative insertion of the lactide monomer into the Sn( II ) center. In particular, the addition of dodecanol ( DDO , 0.1 mol%) substantially improved the catalytic activity for all compounds. The comparative polymerization using Sn(Oct) 2 (Oct = 2‐ethylhexanoate) in the absence and presence of DDO further showed that 1 is higher in activity than Sn(Oct) 2 and that Sn( II ) alkoxides are the actual active species in the polymerization of l ‐lactide.
BTS guidelines for home oxygen in children (2009)

as we know, there are known knowns; there are things we know we know. We also know there are known unknowns; that is to say we know there are some things we do not know. But there are also unknown unknowns -the ones we don't know we don't know.
ChemInform Abstract: Decarboxylation of Pyroglutamic Acids with P2O5/CH3SO3H: A General Synthesis of 5‐Aryl‐2‐pyrrolidinones. (1990)

Abstract The pyroglutamic acid derivatives (I) are decarboxylated upon treatment with phosphorus(V) oxide and methanesulfonic acid (II) to generate the iminium salts (III) which are directly coupled with the arenes (IV) to produce the 5‐arylpyrrolidinones (V).
Ab initio study of oxygenreduction mechanism at Pt4cluster (2009)

We used density functional theory to investigate the reaction pathway of oxygen reduction/water splitting at a tetrahedral Pt(4) cluster. Four extra water molecules were included to account for the effect of water in mediating elementary surface processes. We propose a 6-step reaction sequence that includes a proton transfer between neighbouring active sites. Thermochemical considerations and the nudged elastic band method were employed to calculate reaction and activation energies for the elementary reaction steps. We generated the free energy diagram along the reaction path for various applied potentials. This plot provides vital information on the stability of intermediates and the rate determining processes in oxygen reduction and water splitting. Results suggest that removal of the reaction product, viz. molecular oxygen or water, is an energetically strongly hindered step in either direction.
A Testosterone Metabolite 19-Hydroxyandrostenedione Induces Neuroendocrine Trans-Differentiation of Prostate Cancer Cells via an Ectopic Olfactory Receptor (2018)

Olfactory receptor OR51E2, also known as a Prostate Specific G-Protein Receptor, is highly expressed in prostate cancer but its function is not well understood. Through <i>in silico</i> and <i>in vitro</i> analyses, we identified 24 agonists and 1 antagonist for this receptor. We detected that agonist 19-hydroxyandrostenedione, a product of the aromatase reaction, is endogenously produced upon receptor activation. We characterized the effects of receptor activation on metabolism using a prostate cancer cell line and demonstrated decreased intracellular anabolic signals and cell viability, induction of cell cycle arrest, and increased expression of neuronal markers. Furthermore, upregulation of neuron-specific enolase by agonist treatment was abolished in OR51E2-KO cells. The results of our study suggest that OR51E2 activation results in neuroendocrine trans-differentiation. These findings reveal a new role for OR51E2 and establish this G-protein coupled receptor as a novel therapeutic target in the treatment of prostate cancer.
Inhomogeneous Local Conductivity Induced by Thermal Reduction in BaTiO3 Thin Films and Single Crystals (2004)

The potential of perovskite type materials for microelectronic applications depends on a detailed understanding of their electrical properties, especially their intrinsic charge transport mechanisms. This paper focuses on the analysis of conducting mechanisms after a thermal reduction process with a resolution in a nanoscale regime. It is known that thermal reduction leads to a decrease in the samples' resistivity. We show that this decrease might be caused by an inhomogeneous distribution of local conductivity paths. Further we investigated the properties of these paths by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) to find the mechanism which leads to this phenomenon. Furthermore, we show that the occurrence of local current paths can be partially reversed by an re-oxidation process at elevated temperatures.
SCF-X.alpha.-SW molecular orbital investigations of binary zerovalent carbonyl complexes of the Group 1B elements. Comparison with matrix-isolation experimental studies (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSCF-X.alpha.-SW molecular orbital investigations of binary zerovalent carbonyl complexes of the Group 1B elements. Comparison with matrix-isolation experimental studiesDouglas F. McIntosh, Geoffrey A. Ozin, and Richard P. MessmerCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1981, 20, 11, 3640–3650Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50225a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50225a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views93Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Dural sinus thrombosis in Behçet's disease--a case report. (1994)

Sinus thrombosis, which causes pseudotumor cerebri, is difficult to diagnose with conventional imaging apparatus, CT and MRI. We report a case of sinus thrombosis due to Behçet's disease diagnosed by magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). A forty-five-year old man with severe headache and ocular pain was examined. Since he had a history of oral ulcers, genital ulcers, and erythema nodosum venous thrombosis, he had been diagnosed as having Behçet's disease previously. He showed marked papilledema bilaterally but no obvious intracranial lesion was observed by CT and MRI. On MRA, an obstruction was apparent at the sagittal sinus. Anticoagulant and steroid therapy were effective to relieve the headache, and to improve the constricted visual field temporarily. By MRA, blood flow was confirmed in the sagittal sinus. However, mild papilledema persisted and finally vision was lost because of optic atrophy.
SPC in Low-Volume Manufacturing: A Case Study (1991)

Focusing on the process, not the product, is the key to implementing statistical process control in low-volume manufacturing environments. One approach is to initially assume that all products are being produced by a common process. Data can be used to verify or refute this assumption. If it is refuted, the appropriate subprocesses that must be monitored separately can be identified. A case study of a small batch machining process is used to describe this approach to implementing low-volume SPC.
A Precision Capacitance-to-Digital Converter With 16.7-bit ENOB and 7.5-ppm/°C Thermal Drift (2017)

This paper presents a high-precision capacitance-to-digital converter (CDC) for displacement measurement in advanced industrial applications, based on a charge-balancing third-order delta–sigma modulator. To achieve high precision, this CDC employs a precision external resistive reference and a quartz-oscillator-based time reference instead of a reference capacitor. To minimize the error contribution of the CDC circuitry, various precision circuit techniques, such as chopping and auto-zeroing, are applied at both system and circuit level. Measurement results of the prototype realized in 0.35- $\mu \text{m}$ CMOS technology show that the CDC achieves an rms resolution of 42 aF across a capacitance range from 6 to 22 pF, corresponding to an effective number of bits (ENOB) of 16.7 bit. The conversion time for one measurement is 10.5 ms, during which the CDC consumes 230 $\mu \text{A}$ from a 3.3-V single supply. The measured thermal stability is within ±7.5 ppm/°C across a temperature range from 20 °C to 70 °C, which represents a significant improvement compared to the state of the art. After a two-point calibration, all ten measured samples from one batch show absolute accuracy below ±25 fF across the entire capacitance measurement range.
Gait generation and control in a climbing hexapod robot (2006)

We discuss the gait generation and control architecture of a bioinspired climbing robot that presently climbs a variety of vertical surfaces, including carpet, cork and a growing range of stucco-like surfaces in the quasi-static regime. The initial version of the robot utilizes a collection of gaits (cyclic feed-forward motion patterns) to locomote over these surfaces, with each gait tuned for a specific surface and set of operating conditions. The need for more flexibility in gait specification (e.g., adjusting number of feet on the ground), more intricate shaping of workspace motions (e.g., shaping the details of the foot attachment and detachment trajectories), and the need to encode gait "transitions" (e.g., tripod to pentapod gait structure) has led us to separate this trajectory generation scheme into the functional composition of a phase assigning transformation of the "clock space" (the six dimensional torus) followed by a map from phase into leg joints that decouples the geometric details of a particular gait. This decomposition also supports the introduction of sensory feedback to allow recovery from unexpected event and to adapt to changing surface geometries.
Off-axis digital holography for analysis of fibre tapping of few mode fibres (2022)

Off-axis digital holography is used to analyse the impact of fibre tapping in few mode fibres. Mode dependent loss and cross talk are analysed under fibre tapping with a measured MDL increase of 2.5 dB.
Mediator Preference of Two Different FAD-Dependent Glucose Dehydrogenases Employed in Disposable Enzyme Glucose Sensors (2017)

Most commercially available electrochemical enzyme sensor strips for the measurement of blood glucose use an artificial electron mediator to transfer electrons from the active side of the enzyme to the electrode. One mediator recently gaining attention for commercial sensor strips is hexaammineruthenium(III) chloride. In this study, we investigate and compare the preference of enzyme electrodes with two different FAD-dependent glucose dehydrogenases (FADGDHs) for the mediators hexaammineruthenium(III) chloride, potassium ferricyanide (the most common mediator in commercial sensor strips), and methoxy phenazine methosulfate (mPMS). One FADGDH is a monomeric fungal enzyme, and the other a hetero-trimeric bacterial enzyme. With the latter, which contains a heme-subunit facilitating the electron transfer, similar response currents are obtained with hexaammineruthenium(III), ferricyanide, and mPMS (6.8 µA, 7.5 µA, and 6.4 µA, respectively, for 10 mM glucose). With the fungal FADGDH, similar response currents are obtained with the negatively charged ferricyanide and the uncharged mPMS (5.9 µA and 6.7 µA, respectively, for 10 mM glucose), however, no response current is obtained with hexaammineruthenium(III), which has a strong positive charge. These results show that access of even very small mediators with strong charges to a buried active center can be almost completely blocked by the protein.