gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dielectron production in proton-proton collisions at $$ \sqrt{s}=7 $$ TeV (2018)

A bstract The first measurement of e + e − pair production at mid-rapidity (| η e | &lt; 0.8) in pp collisions at $$ \sqrt{s}=7 $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msqrt> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> </mml:msqrt> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>7</mml:mn> </mml:math> TeV with ALICE at the LHC is presented. The dielectron production is studied as a function of the invariant mass ( m ee &lt; 3.3 GeV/ c 2 ), the pair transverse momentum ( p T,ee &lt; 8 GeV/ c ), and the pair transverse impact parameter (DCA ee ), i.e., the average distance of closest approach of the reconstructed electron and positron tracks to the collision vertex, normalised to its resolution. The results are compared with the expectations from a cocktail of known hadronic sources and are well described when PYTHIA is used to generate the heavy-flavour contributions. In the low-mass region (0.14 &lt; m ee &lt; 1.1 GeV/ c 2 ), prompt and non-prompt e + e − sources can be separated via the DCA ee . In the intermediate-mass region (1.1 &lt; m ee &lt; 2.7 GeV/ c 2 ), a double-differential fit to the data in m ee and p T,ee and a fit of the DCA ee distribution allow the total $$ \mathrm{c}\overline{\mathrm{c}} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> <mml:mo>¯</mml:mo> </mml:mover> </mml:math> and $$ \mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>b</mml:mi> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>b</mml:mi> <mml:mo>¯</mml:mo> </mml:mover> </mml:math> cross sections to be extracted. Two different event generators, PYTHIA and POWHEG, can reproduce the shape of the two-dimensional m ee and p T,ee spectra, as well as the shape of the DCA ee distribution, reasonably well. However, differences in the $$ \mathrm{c}\overline{\mathrm{c}} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> <mml:mo>¯</mml:mo> </mml:mover> </mml:math> and $$ \mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>b</mml:mi> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>b</mml:mi> <mml:mo>¯</mml:mo> </mml:mover> </mml:math> cross sections are observed when using the generators to extrapolate to full phase space. Finally, the ratio of inclusive to decay photons is studied via the measurement of virtual direct photons in the transverse-momentum range 1 &lt; p T &lt; 8 GeV/ c . This is found to be unity within the statistical and systematic uncertainties and consistent with expectations from next-to-leading order perturbative quantum chromodynamic calculations.
Pharmacokinetic modeling of bidirectional transfer during peritoneal dialysis (1986)

A pharmacokinetic model and distributional clearance terms to describe bidirectional peritoneal transfer were used to examine cefamandole pharmacokinetics in five uninfected patients with end-stage renal disease who were receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Each patient received intravenous and intraperitoneal 1 gm doses of drug, and serum and dialysate samples were collected over three dialysis dwell periods. The mean systemic availability of cefamandole after intraperitoneal dosing was 0.71 +/- 0.1. No significant differences in the serum-to-peritoneal fluid and peritoneal fluid-to-serum distributional clearances were observed. The time dependence of peritoneal dialysis clearance was examined. The amount of drug found in the dialysate divided by the corresponding serum AUC was empirically found to estimate the time-averaged peritoneal dialysis clearance. A mass balance-area method to calculate distributional clearance was developed that obviates more complicated computer fitting of the data. We present a comprehensive modeling approach that should be useful in the examination of the kinetics of drugs during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.
WiFiMon: a mobility analytics platform for building occupancy monitoring and contact tracing using wifi sensing (2020)

With the current COVID-19 pandemic, contact tracing and building occupancy tracking are key components of re-opening policies and quickly containing virus outbreaks. WiFiMon is a network-centric contact tracing method that uses enterprise WiFi networks logs for tracking devices and inferring building occupancy and building contact tracing reports in office and campus settings.
Laser‐Induced Fluorescence Detection: A Summary (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Theoretical Aspects LIF Detector Design LIF Applications Conclusion Acknowledgment References
Nonlithographic nanopatterning through anodic aluminum oxide template and selective growth of highly ordered GaN nanostructures (2006)

Ordered GaN nanostructures, i.e., nanopore and nanodot arrays, have been demonstrated by combining a nonlithographic nanopatterning technique and nanoscale selective epitaxial growth. Hexagonal-close-packed nanopore arrays were fabricated in GaN surfaces and SiO2 surfaces on GaN films by inductively coupled plasma etching using anodic aluminum oxide templates as etching masks. Selective area growth through nanopores in SiO2 by metal organic chemical vapor deposition results in ordered GaN nanodot arrays with an average dot diameter and height of 60 and 100nm, respectively. The diameter and density of the GaN nanopore arrays and nanodot arrays are controlled by that of the anodic aluminum oxide template, which can be tuned in a wide range by controlling the anodization conditions. Applying anodic aluminum oxide as an etching mask provides an effective nonlithographic and free of foreign catalysts method to fabricate ordered and dense nitride nanostructures for either bottom-up or top-down technique in the application of high efficiency nitride light emitting diodes.
Synthesis of Star Polymers of Styrene and Alkyl (Meth)acrylates from a Porphyrin Initiator Core via ATRP (2007)

A free-base tetrabromoporphyrin, 15,20-tetrakis(4-(2-methyl-2-bromopropoxy)phenyl)-21H,23H-porphine (2), was synthesized in high yield (91%) by the esterification of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-21H, 23H-porphine (1) with 2-bromo-2-methylpropanoyl bromide. The free-base porphyrin (2) was demonstrated to be suitable as an initiator for atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of methyl methacrylate giving porphyrin-core star-poly(methyl methacrylate) with conversions of up to 98% (CuIBr, N-(n-propyl)-2-pyridylmethanimine, toluene, 90 °C). UV−vis spectroscopic analysis demonstrated that a degree of complexation of Cu(II) by the porphyrin core occurred during the polymerization. To avoid Cu(II) complexation, zinc(II) 10,15,20-tetrakis(4-(2-methyl-2-bromopropoxy)phenyl)-21H,23H-porphine (4) was synthesized from the free-base porphyrin (2) and employed as an initiator in the ATRP of MMA, giving the corresponding Zn porphyrin-core star-PMMA. The free-base porphyrin (2) was also employed as an initiator for the polymerization of styrene, methyl acrylate, butyl methacrylate, octadecyl acrylate and the copolymerization of isobutyl methacrylate (IBMA) and trifluoroethyl methacrylate (TFEMA), in all cases giving star polymers with conversions of 33−87%. Basic hydrolysis of a porphyrin-core star-polystyrene polymer cleaved the ester linkages about the porphyrin, liberating the individual polystyrene chains which had a number-average molecular weight approximately one-fourth that of the precursor star polymer and a narrow polydispersity index (Mw/Mn = 1.15) thereby demonstrating efficient initiation from the porphyrin core. Palladium(II) 10,15,20-tetrakis(4-(2-methyl-2-bromopropoxy)phenyl)-21H,23H-porphine (3) was synthesized from the free-base porphyrin (2) and employed as an initiator in the ATRP of MMA but the polymerization was completely inhibited. Pd(II) was introduced into the star polymer cores by heating either a solution of the porphyrin-core star-PMMA or the Zn porphyrin-core star-PMMA with PdIICl2 in benzonitrile. Pt(II) was introduced into a star polymer core by heating a solution of the Zn porphyrin-core star-PIBMA-co-TFEMA with PtIICl2 in benzonitrile. UV−vis spectroscopic analysis confirmed the synthesis of Pd(II) and Pt(II) porphyrin complexes and photoluminescent spectroscopy confirmed the luminescent properties of the materials.
Real‐life efficacy and safety of paritaprevir/ritonavir, ombitasvir, and dasabuvir in chronic hepatitis C patients in Hong Kong (2016)

Paritaprevir/ritonavir, ombitasvir, and dasabuvir with or without ribavirin is effective and safe in patients with genotype 1 HCV infection in real-life clinical setting in Hong Kong.
Large Scale Superconducting Wind Turbine Cooling (2012)

General Electric proposes to apply transformational technology in the form of low-temperature superconductivity to the design of direct-drive wind turbine generators of the 10-MW power level and greater. Generally, optimal steady state 4 K cryogenic cooling of a large thermal mass (> 10 000 kg) and its dimensions (> 4 m diameter and 2.5 m length) with minimum levelized cost of energy is difficult to achieve. A cooling strategy has been found that turns this size disadvantage to ones favor, and furthermore enables the design scalability of the field winding cooling assembly towards 15 to 20 MW. In this design study, we show that size and efficiency are not mutually exclusive and that it is indeed possible to minimize cryogenic complexity and reduce cost. The cryogenic push-button closed loop circulating system is invisible within the nacelle of a wind turbine and requires no handling of cryogenic liquids. Besides the occasional cryocooler service requirement, the proposed solution is maintenance-free in all operating states and allows the system health to be monitored remotely. The design solutions proposed could potentially make large superconducting generators a reality for off-shore wind turbine deployment.
Parametric Frequency Conversion in Silicon Carbide Waveguides (2015)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text J. Cardenas, S. Miller, Y. Okawachi, S. Ramelow, A. G. Griffith, A. Farsi, A. L. Gaeta, and M. Lipson, "Parametric Frequency Conversion in Silicon Carbide Waveguides," in CLEO: 2015, OSA Technical Digest (online) (Optica Publishing Group, 2015), paper SF1D.7. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Sunless Tanning Products (2010)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Sunless tanning products Formulation challenges Delivery vehicles Regulatory considerations Product attributes Trends in sunless tanning Conclusions References
Elastic immersive wavefield modelling (2021)

Many modelling studies of wave scattering require repeated numerical simulations through models with properties that differ only in a small sub-domain. Hence, it is of interest to recompute the wavefields that account for wave propagation through the whole domain, using simulations that are performed only in the sub-domain. Immersive boundary conditions (IBCs) can be used to establish such a local wavefield modelling scheme which enables accurate wavefield recomputation, including all interactions between the locally-perturbed medium and the full domain. We develop IBC theory for elastic wave propagation, in which the boundary conditions are updated dynamically at each time step of a simulation in the local domain. These updates are calculated by wavefield extrapolation based on the Kirchhoff-Helmholtz integrals using Green's functions in the background medium. Wavefield recording and injection in IBCs can be implemented either using finite-difference (FD) injection methods, or using the method of multiple point sources (MPS). The latter method is significantly less computationally demanding in terms of both memory and number of calculations. We therefore both extend acoustic FD injection methods to elastic media, and propose a new second-order accurate MPS method to implement elastic IBCs, which is numerically exact. In higher-order FD modelling, the MPS method is not numerically exact but still produces highly accurate IBC wavefields when compared to global-domain simulations.
Evidence of Decreased Heterodyne-Detection Efficiency Caused by Fast Beam Scanning in Wind Sensing Coherent Doppler Lidar, and Demonstration on Recovery of the Efficiency With Lag-Angle Compensation (2022)

The experimental evidence of the decreased heterodyne-detection efficiency caused by the lag-angle is shown using a long-range wind sensing coherent Doppler lidar (CDL) with fast beam scanning. The recovery of the efficiency with the lag-angle compensation is also demonstrated. The receiving beam alignment method synchronized with the beam scanner is used. The measurable range of 12 km with the fast beam scanning of 20 deg/s in the case of 8 Hz line-of-sight (LOS) update rate was demonstrated with the compensation. This demonstration shows the potential for the wind sensing CDL to satisfy the all requirements of long-range, real-time, and fast beam scanning measurement.
Phase I trial and pharmacokinetic studies of alpha-difluoromethylornithine--an inhibitor of polyamine biosynthesis. (1984)

alpha-Difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), an enzyme-activated, irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase, blocks polyamine biosynthesis and has antitumor effects in animal tumor models as well as in athymic mice implanted with human small cell carcinoma. This study was designed to determine the maximally tolerated dose of oral DFMO administered every six hours for 28 days to patients with advanced solid tumors or lymphomas. DFMO levels were measured using an ion exchange chromatographic assay and pharmacokinetic studies were performed in patients treated at each dose level. Twenty-two patients received 24 courses of DFMO. The drug was generally well tolerated. Thrombocytopenia was the dose-limiting toxicity and gastrointestinal side effects were also seen. Thrombocytopenia developed in 11 of 16 patients who had received prior chemotherapy but the four patients who had no prior chemotherapy had no decrease in the platelet count. The steady state level of DFMO achieved at the highest dose (3 g/m2) were found to be within the range needed for inhibition of ornithine decarboxylase in cell-culture systems as well as for the inhibitory activity against various human tumors in vitro. A DFMO dose of 2.25 g/m2 every six hours is recommended for phase II studies in patients previously treated with cytotoxic drugs.
Detection of Broadly Neutralizing Activity within the First Months of HIV-1 Infection (2016)

There are very few individuals able to mount broadly neutralizing activity (bNA) close to the first year postinfection. It is not known how early in the infection cross-neutralizing responses can be induced. In the present study, we show that bNAbs, despite being rare, can be induced much earlier than previously thought. The identification of HIV-1-infected patients with these activities within the first months of infection and characterization of these responses will help in defining new immunogen designs and neutralization targets for vaccine-mediated induction of bNAbs.
Shp-2 is critical for ERK and metabolic engagement downstream of IL-15 receptor in NK cells (2019)

The phosphatase Shp-2 was implicated in NK cell development and functions due to its interaction with NK inhibitory receptors, but its exact role in NK cells is still unclear. Here we show, using mice conditionally deficient for Shp-2 in the NK lineage, that NK cell development and responsiveness are largely unaffected. Instead, we find that Shp-2 serves mainly to enforce NK cell responses to activation by IL-15 and IL-2. Shp-2-deficient NK cells have reduced proliferation and survival when treated with high dose IL-15 or IL-2. Mechanistically, Shp-2 deficiency hampers acute IL-15 stimulation-induced raise in glycolytic and respiration rates, and causes a dramatic defect in ERK activation. Moreover, inhibition of the ERK and mTOR cascades largely phenocopies the defect observed in the absence of Shp-2. Together, our data reveal a critical function of Shp-2 as a molecular nexus bridging acute IL-15 signaling with downstream metabolic burst and NK cell expansion.
A New Phase-Locked Oscillator Adaptable to Input Signals with Periodical Phase Jumps (1987)

A new polyphase phase-locked oscillator (P-PLO) is proposed which overcomes one of the greatest difficulties in the passive bus configuration: timing extraction from signals in multiplexed channels with different mean phases. The proposed oscillator generates appropriate retiming clock pulses for each channel independent of other channels. Moreover, since pulse overlaps between channels may appear at the first and last bits of each channel, the oscillator shifts retiming clock phases of these bits to avoid sampling overlaps. A performance analysis method extended from the conventional Markov chain model is also proposed. The theoretically obtained jitter and retiming margin characteristics correspond closely to experimental results. This circuit is also shown to be adaptable to point-to-point configurations which, like passive bus, will be used in the ISDN basic interface recommended as one of the 1-series interfaces by CCITT. This allows easy rearrangement of interface wiring, e.g., changing from the passive bus to point-to-point configuration, without any adjustment of the network terminator.
Microsatellite instability in adenocarcinoma of the prostate. (1995)

Instability of dinucleotide tandem repeat sequences has been reported to play a major role in the carcinogenic pathway of familial colon cancer, as well as a potential role in the carcinogenesis of other sporadic neoplasms. To determine the frequency of short tandem repeat instability in adenocarcinoma of the prostate, we studied 40 tumors that were stratified according to tumor grade. The tissue samples were screened with di-, tri- and tetranucleotide markers spanning a wide range of chromosomal loci, including an androgen receptor gene trinucleotide repeat. Microsatellite instability was observed overall in only one of the 40 (2.5%) prostate adenocarcinomas studied. This replication error-positive tumor demonstrated repeat length alterations at two loci. Five other tumors showed an alteration in microsatellite size at a single locus. These tumors were not considered to have the microsatellite instability phenotype. All changes were identified either within tetranucleotide sequences or within the androgen receptor gene repeat (4 or 20 total markers analyzed). Both repeat length expansions and contractions were identified. The replication error-positive case also included separate metastatic nodal tissue. Additional microsatellite analysis of the metastatic tumor tissue revealed allelic patterns identical with the normal tissue control. Our data indicate that microsatellite instability is rare in prostate adenocarcinoma. Therefore, observation of this low replication error frequency suggests that most prostate carcinomas develop in the absence of widespread accumulation of somatic mutations in short tandem repeat sequences. Additionally, these genetic alterations appear to occur more often in tetranucleotide repeat sequences as well as in an androgen receptor gene trinucleotide repeat.
A temperature-dithering closed-loop interface circuit for a scanning thermal microscopy system (2005)

This work presents an interface circuit for low-frequency dithering measurements of resistor-based transducers. It is demonstrated in the context of a polyimide-shank scanning thermal microscopy probe which provides high thermal sensitivity and spatial resolution, but has a low bandwidth from both mechanical and thermal perspectives. These pose challenges in temperature dithering and control, as well as noise immunity. The circuit includes a proportional-integral controller and a demodulator, along with appropriate amplifier and filter blocks. It keeps the average temperature of the probe tip constant while synchronously detecting variations in the second harmonic of the modulated signal as the tip is scanned across the sample surface. Strategic choices in the circuit architecture and topology are evaluated, and the overall system including the sensor and the circuit is simulated. Measurements of the implemented system show that a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 15.7 is achieved while scanning a photoresist sample of 218 nm thickness on a silicon substrate, and that the detection limit for variations in thermal conductance is <3 pW/K.
3D sub-wavelength refractive index adjusted metal oxides for applications in optical sensing (2014)

We present a refractive index engineering scheme for functional metal oxides (SnO2, ZnO, TiO2) by the method of sub-wavelength engineering on the 10-50nm scale for applications in optical sensing. The method employed is based on templating by a triblock copolymer Pluronic F-127 for the manufacture of controllable 3D sub-wavelength nanostructures. By this method we demonstrate that the refractive indices of functional metal oxides can be altered substantially from their nominal value of ≥ 2 to be as low as 1.25.
A closed system device for diagnosis and evaluation of neonatal pneumothoraces (1978)

A closed system device with teflon needle, sideholes, and attached stopcock was designed and evaluated for diagnosis and evacuation of neonatal pneumothoraces. Experience with this device has demonstrated specific advantages over existing needles and techniques. Since the system is airtight, diagnosis of pneumothorax can be performed without the risk of introducing air. In addition, the needle sideholes provide more complete and efficient evacuation of air and fluids from the pleural cavity.
Experimental Demonstrations of Optical Neural Computers (1987)

377 We describe two expriments in optical neural computing. In the first a closed optical feedback loop is used to implement auto-associative image recall. In the second a perceptron-Iike learning algorithm is implemented with photorefractive holography.
STUDIES ON EXPERIMENTAL IODINE ALLERGY: 3. LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT ELICITOGENIC ANTIGENS OF IODINE ALLERGY (2004)

We hypothesize that iodine allergy is an immune response to iodinated self proteins produced in vivo from various iodine-containing chemicals. Since an antigenic determinant of experimental iodine allergy is diiodotyrosine (DIT), we designed low molecular weight DIT derivatives having provocative antigenicity without sensitizing immunogenicity. Tetraiododityrosine and hexaiodotrityrosine provoked dose-dependent skin reactions in guinea pigs previously immunized with iodine. No guinea pigs immunized with hexaiodotrityrosine showed anaphylactic reaction by i.v. challenge with hexaiodotrityrosine and none of their antisera showed positive passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) reaction in guinea pigs, indicating the non-immunogenic nature of the compound. Erythrosine, one of the color additives having a structure common with DIT, was assessed for its immunological property. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) inhibition studies on erythrosine revealed that the inhibitory activity of erythrosine was stronger than that of DIT. Furthermore, erythrosine provoked a PCA reaction in animals sensitized with anti-iodine antisera. In conclusion, hexaiodotrityrosine is thought to be useful for skin testing of iodine allergy without any fear of sensitization to the allergen. Erythrosine was shown to provoke an experimental iodine allergy and, also, the relationships between the new concept of iodine allergy and features of clinical findings of adverse effects by iodocontrast media are discussed.
Supplementary Table 2 from MAP Kinase Pathway Alterations in <i>BRAF</i>-Mutant Melanoma Patients with Acquired Resistance to Combined RAF/MEK Inhibition (2023)

&lt;p&gt;XLSX file 3569K, Change in Cancer Cell Fraction for all SNVs and Indels in All Samples&lt;/p&gt;