gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative: Further Steps toward Improved Practice in Acute Kidney Injury (2008)

© Wichtig Editore, 2008 After 5 years of activity, focusing on the PASSPORT Project (prevention, assessment of severity, protection, outcome, and replacement therapy in acute kidney injury [AKI]), the Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative (ADQI) moves now to a new perspective with the aim of both revising consensus and recommendations made in the very first conferences, and assessing the new emerging evidence in areas of critical importance for AKI. The success of ADQI, as measured by the worldwide use of the RIFLE criteria, born in Vicenza, Italy, several years ago with its results published in a paper that is still at the top of the citation indexes, has encouraged the founding members to continue with the format for the meetings and to investigate new areas of AKI. With this in mind, 2 further ADQI conferences were organized: ADQI V, held in January 2007, in Tambor Beach, Costa Rica, focusing on “Fluid Issues in AKI”; and ADQI VI, held in Vicenza, Italy, in May 2007, focusing on “Cardiac Surgery-Associated AKI”. These conferences, designated as ADQI V and ADQI VI, gathered as usual several experts in the specific fields, leading to a remarkable output which is reported in the pages of this special issue of the International Journal of Artificial Organs. It is our pleasure to edit this special issue both as Chief Editor and as Guest Editors. In conjunction with our editorial team, whose work is always highly appreciated, we have put together the manuscripts derived from the work groups of both the ADQI V and the ADQI VI conferences. An opening editorial on ADQI methodology will help the reader to follow with a deeper understanding the reports published in each manuscript. At the same time, we believe that many investigators and physicians who are familiar with the ADQI process will benefit from the pages of this special issue, keeping them in mind as comprehensive reviews on the most suitable diagnostic and therapeutic alternatives in AKI and related disorders. The documents will also be posted on the web site www.ADQI.net and will therefore be available to a wider audience. We hope to have been of service once more in trying to establish the current evidence on such a complex subject and to offer the most sound conclusions and answers to specific questions in the field. Hopefully, these documents will be not only a pleasant and interesting reading for the IJAO readers but also an important reference tool for future clinical practice.
Axial-DeepLab: Stand-Alone Axial-Attention for Panoptic Segmentation (2020)

Convolution exploits locality for efficiency at a cost of missing long range context. Self-attention has been adopted to augment CNNs with non-local interactions. Recent works prove it possible to stack self-attention layers to obtain a fully attentional network by restricting the attention to a local region. In this paper, we attempt to remove this constraint by factorizing 2D self-attention into two 1D self-attentions. This reduces computation complexity and allows performing attention within a larger or even global region. In companion, we also propose a position-sensitive self-attention design. Combining both yields our position-sensitive axial-attention layer, a novel building block that one could stack to form axial-attention models for image classification and dense prediction. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our model on four large-scale datasets. In particular, our model outperforms all existing stand-alone self-attention models on ImageNet. Our Axial-DeepLab improves 2.8% PQ over bottom-up state-of-the-art on COCO test-dev. This previous state-of-the-art is attained by our small variant that is 3.8x parameter-efficient and 27x computation-efficient. Axial-DeepLab also achieves state-of-the-art results on Mapillary Vistas and Cityscapes.
Orange-red fluorescent Cinnolino[2,3-f]phenanthridin-9-ium salts by palladium(II)-catalyzed C-H bond activation of 2-azobiaryls and alkenes (2020)

Presented is the first palladium-catalyzed synthesis of quaternary ammonium salts through double oxidative C-H bond activation on 2-Azobiaryls in moderate to good yields. In this study, the chemistry of highly regioselective synthesis of orange-red fluorescent cinnolino[2,3-&lt;i&gt;f&lt;/i&gt;]phenanthridin-9-ium salts and 15&lt;i&gt;H&lt;/i&gt;-cinnolino[2,3-&lt;i&gt;f&lt;/i&gt;]phenanthridin-9-ium-10-ide from 2-azobiaryls and alkenes catalyzed by palladium(II) will be discussed. The reaction mechanism is proposed involving an&lt;i&gt; ortho&lt;/i&gt; C-H olefination of 2-azobiaryls with alkenes, intramolecular aza-Michael addition, concerted metalation deprotonation (CMD), reductive elimination and oxidation. These ammonium salts show strong absorption (u03c0-u03c0*) bands around 330u2013360 nm and a charge transfer (CT) band around 460-490 nm. Their detailed photophysical properties will be presented too.
Expression of Hepatitis C Virus Proteins Interferes with the Antiviral Action of Interferon Independently of PKR-Mediated Control of Protein Synthesis (2000)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) of genotype 1 is the most resistant to interferon (IFN) therapy. Here, we have analyzed the response to IFN of the human cell line UHCV-11 engineered to inducibly express the entire HCV genotype 1a polyprotein. IFN-treated, induced UHCV cells were found to better support the growth of encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) than IFN-treated, uninduced cells. This showed that expression of the HCV proteins allowed the development of a partial resistance to the antiviral action of IFN. The nonstructural 5A (NS5A) protein of HCV has been reported to inhibit PKR, an IFN-induced kinase involved in the antiviral action of IFN, at the level of control of protein synthesis through the phosphorylation of the initiation factor eIF2alpha (M. Gale, Jr., C. M. Blakely, B. Kwieciszewski, S. L. Tan, M. Dossett, N. M. Tang, M. J. Korth, S. J. Polyak, D. R. Gretch, and M. G. Katze, Mol. Cell. Biol. 18:5208-5218, 1998). Accordingly, cell lines inducibly expressing NS5A were found to rescue EMCV growth (S. J. Polyak, D. M. Paschal, S. McArdle, M. J. Gale, Jr., D. Moradpour, and D. R. Gretch, Hepatology 29:1262-1271, 1999). In the present study we analyzed whether the resistance of UHCV-11 cells to IFN could also be attributed to inhibition of PKR. Confocal laser scanning microscopy showed no colocalization of PKR, which is diffuse throughout the cytoplasm, and the induced HCV proteins, which localize around the nucleus within the endoplasmic reticulum. The effect of expression of HCV proteins on PKR activity was assayed in a reporter assay and by direct analysis of the in vivo phosphorylation of eIF2alpha after treatment of cells with poly(I)-poly(C). We found that neither PKR activity nor eIF2alpha phosphorylation was affected by coexpression of the HCV proteins. In conclusion, expression of HCV proteins in their biological context interferes with the development of the antiviral action of IFN. Although the possibility that some inhibition of PKR (by either NS5A or another viral protein) occurs at a very localized level cannot be excluded, the resistance to IFN, resulting from the expression of the HCV proteins, cannot be explained solely by inhibition of the negative control of translation by PKR.
Targeted Biopsy Validation of Peripheral Zone Prostate Cancer Characterization With Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting and Diffusion Mapping (2019)

T1 and T2 relaxometry combined with ADC mapping may be useful for quantitative characterization of prostate cancer grades and differentiating cancer from noncancers for PZ lesions seen on T2-weighted images.
Differences in Nursery Pigs’ Behavior on the Day of Vaccination (2011)

Swine industry feed suppliers are continually striving to develop techniques and tools to reduce the additive stressors imposed on the weanling piglet, to increase advantageous behaviors (feeding and drinking) and to reduce aggressive interactions. One product on the market designed to ease the transition from a liquid diet (sow's milk) to a dry ration is a gel-based feed supplement that was incorporated in this trial as a means to positively affect feeding and drinking behaviors. The objectives of this study were to determine if there were differences in the nursery pigs’ behavior on the day of vaccination when provided a gel supplement. A total of 29 d crossbred pigs (5.94 kg) were housed in Double L® confinement nursery buildings. Four treatments were compared. No vaccine and no gel (control n = 4) defined as unvaccinated and without supplemental gel at days 8 to 10. No vaccine and gel (n = 4) defined as pigs that were provided supplemental gel at days 8 to 10 without vaccination. Vaccinated and no gel (n = 4) defined as pigs that were vaccinated but did not receive supplemental gel at days 8 to 10. Vaccinated and gel (n = 4) defined as pigs that were provided supplemental gel at days 8 to 10 and were vaccinated. The group of four pigs housed together in a pen was considered the experimental unit for data analysis. Definitions for the behaviors and postures recorded and summarized for the trial included the following: Active was defined as standing, this included any upright postures. Inactive posture was defined as sitting or lying postures (both lateral and sternal). Time at drinker was defined as when an individual pig’s mouth was around the water nipple. Time at feeding stations was defined as the time when the individual pig’s head was inside the creep (that contained gel) or the three hole feeder (dry pelleted feed). Nursery aged pigs were less active (P < 0.05; Figure 1) and spent less time (P < 0.05; Figure 2) at the feeding stations 1- h after receiving Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccination, indicating a short term behavioral response to this stressor. These behavioral alterations continued for approximately 6- h (or 5:00 PM the vaccination day afternoon). After this time, all nursery pigs regardless of treatment engaged in the same behavioral repertoire. However, the behavioral repertoire of these nursery pigs were not different over the 3-d trial (previously published worked by Johnson et al., 2008) suggesting that the effects of this vaccination stressor and product were not long lasting.
Charge Remote Fragmentation (CRF) (2016)

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy’s Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.
Cage-Defining Ring: A Molecular Sieve Structural Indicator for Light Olefin Product Distribution from the Methanol-to-Olefins Reaction (2019)

The methanol-to-olefins (MTO) process produces high-value-added light olefins from nonpetroleum sources. Acidic zeotypes containing cages bounded by 8-ring (small-pore) windows can effectively catalyze the MTO reaction, since their cages can accommodate the necessary aromatic intermediates that produce the light olefin products that escape. While progress on the mechanisms of the MTO reaction continues, zeotype structure–reaction property relationships have yet to be elucidated. Here, we report MTO reaction results from various small-pore, cage-containing silicoaluminophosphate/metalloaluminophosphates (SAPO/MAPOs) and zeolites under the same reaction conditions. The MTO behaviors of microporous materials having the following topologies are investigated: LEV, ERI, CHA, AFX, SFW, AEI, DDR, RTH, ITE, SAV, LTA, RHO, KFI, and UFI. The previous observation that light olefin product distributions from a series of small-pore, cage-containing zeolites can be classified into four structural categories is further supported by the results shown here from zeolite structures not investigated in the previous study and SAPO and MAPO materials with isostructural frameworks to all the zeolites. Additionally, these data reveal that light olefin product distributions are very similar over a given topology independent of framework composition. To develop a structure–property relationship between the framework topology and the MTO light olefin product distribution, the concept of the cage-defining ring size is introduced. The cage-defining ring size is defined as the minimum number of tetrahedral atoms of the ring encircling the center of the framework cages in the molecular sieve topology. It is shown that the cage-defining ring size correlates with MTO light olefin product distribution.
An arene-alkene photocycloaddition-radical cyclization cascade: The first syntheses of cis,cis,cis,trans-[5.5.5.5]-fenestranes (1996)

The first cis,cis,cis,trans-[5.5.5.5]-fenestranes have been synthesized in three steps using a novel arene-alkene photocycloaddition-radical cyclization cascade, which creates overall 5 new rings and 8 stereogenic centers. A lead tetraacetate mediated ring expansion of a 5,5-fused ring system, discovered in the course of exploring the chemistry of these new materials, is also described.
TGFβ Inhibition Prior to Hypofractionated Radiation Enhances Efficacy in Preclinical Models (2014)

The immune infiltrate in colorectal cancer has been correlated with outcome, such that individuals with higher infiltrations of T cells have increased survival independent of the disease stage. For patients with lower immune infiltrates, overall survival is limited. Because the patients with colorectal cancer studied have received conventional cancer therapies, these data may indicate that the pretreatment tumor environment increases the efficacy of treatments such as chemotherapy, surgery, and radiotherapy. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that an improved immune environment in the tumor at the time of treatment will increase the efficacy of radiotherapy. We demonstrate that inhibition of TGFβ using the orally available small-molecule inhibitor SM16 improved the immune environment of tumors in mice and significantly improved the efficacy of subsequent radiotherapy. This effect was not due to changes in radiosensitivity, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, or changes in vascular function in the tumor; rather, this effect was dependent on adaptive immunity and resulted in long-term protective immunity in cured mice. These data demonstrate that immunotherapy is an option to improve the immune status of patients with poor tumor infiltrates and that pretreatment improves the efficacy of radiotherapy.
Natural human tumor necrosis factor beta (lymphotoxin) Variable O‐glycosylation at Thr7, proteolytic processing, and allelic variation (1992)

Natural human tumor necrosis factor beta (TNF-beta) purified from supernatants of a human B-lymphoblastoid cell line was found to be heterogeneous in molecular mass, with seven components resolved by gel electrophoresis. All components are N-glycosylated at Asn62; N-glycosylation does not contribute to heterogeneity. In addition, part of the molecules are O-glycosylated at Thr7; O-glycosylation is heterogeneous due to variable decoration with neuraminic acid. The four lower molecular mass forms are derived from the full-length protein by trypsin-like proteolytic cleavage in the N-proximal region; these clipped molecules lack O-linked carbohydrates. Two allelic variants differing in amino acid position 26 (threonine/asparagine) were identified.
Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel 4‐(4‐Chlorobenzyl)‐6‐methylpyridazin‐3(2 H )‐one Derivatives as Hepatitis B Virus Inhibitors (2022)

Abstract 22 Novel pyridazin‐3‐ones have been designed for anti‐hepatitis B virus (HBV) activity by structural modifications of 3711 which is capsid assembly modulator. Structure of the target compounds were confirmed by elemental analysis and spectroscopic data including X‐ray studies. Among them, the compound having piperazine moiety showed notable inhibitory activity on secretion of HBV DNA and HBeAg which is comparable to that of AT‐130. The preliminary structure‐activity relationships (SARs) of the newly synthesized pyridazin‐3‐one analogues were summarized, which may help researchers to discover more potent anti‐HBV agents bearing pyridazine‐3‐one scaffold.
Examination of functionality of agricultural work support robot in organic farming (2021)

To support organic farmers who are struggling between strict management and daily labor on open-field cultivation which is difficult to mechanize, we focused on taking care of the growth of organic vegetables that must be treated everyday. We designed the first prototype and evaluated the supposed functions necessary for the growth.
Sea surface shape derivation above the seismic streamer (2006)

ABSTRACT The rough sea surface causes perturbations in the seismic data that can be significant for time‐lapse studies. The perturbations arise because the reflection response of the non‐flat sea perturbs the seismic wavelet. In order to remove these perturbations from the received seismic data, special deconvolution methods can be used, but these methods require, as input, the time varying wave elevation above each hydrophone in the streamer. In addition, the vertical displacement of the streamer itself must also be known at the position of each hydrophone and at all times. This information is not available in conventional seismic acquisition. However, it can be obtained from the hydrophone measurements provided that the hydrophones are recorded individually (not grouped), that the recording bandwidth is extended down to 0.05 Hz and that data are recorded without gaps between the shot records. The sea surface elevation, and also the wave‐induced vertical displacement of the streamer, can be determined from the time‐varying pressure that the sea waves cause in the hydrophone measurements. When this was done experimentally, using a single sensor seismic streamer without a conventional low cut filter, the wave induced pressure variations were easily detected. The inversion of these experimental data gives results for the sea surface elevation that are consistent with the weather and sea state at the time of acquisition. A high tension approximation allows a simplified solution of the equations that does not demand a knowledge of the streamer tension. However, best results at the tail end of the streamer are obtained using the general equation.
ChemInform Abstract: A Stable Fullerene Charge‐Transfer Complex in the Solid State: HMTTEF‐ C60. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
High-voltage termination using enhanced surface doping (2005)

A new technique using enhanced surface doping on the lightly-doped side of a p-n junction has been developed. The basic structure comprises a series of field-limiting rings lying in a high-resistivity region whose surface doping has been substantially enhanced. Capacitively-coupled floating field plates serve to reduce sensitivity to stray external charges. The enhanced surface doping serves to increase and control the punch- through voltage between the rings, thereby increasing the surface volts per micron obtainable versus standard ring terminations.
Clinical and bacteriological characteristics associated with clustering of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (2017)

Among the bacterial factors studied, East-Asian lineage and rpoB S531L mutation were independently associated with genotypic clustering, suggesting that bacterial factors have an impact on the ability of M. tuberculosis to cause secondary cases.
ABCS2 risk scores and cardiovascular risk factors do not predict cerebral microemboli in patients with critical carotid artery stenosis (2013)

Purpose: Cerebral microemboli detected by transcranial Doppler (TCD) predict risk of acute stroke. We studied whether ABCD2 scores and cardiovascular risk factors predict cerebral microemboli in patients with symptomatic carotid artery stenosis. Methods: We studied 171 consecutive patients presenting within 2 weeks of transient ischaemic attack or minor stroke and found to have critical carotid artery stenosis (≥50%). 72 (age 70±1 (SEM) years, male 49, Caucasian 70) had cerebral microemboli on TCD: 60 (83%) underwent carotid endarterectomy (CEA). 99 (age 71±1, male 75, Caucasian 92) had no TCD microemboli: 82 (81%) underwent CEA (controls). Data were analysed using X2 and Mann-Whitney U tests and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves. Results: There was no significant difference in ABCD2 scores ≥4 for patients with microemboli vs. controls (53/72 vs 68/99 patients: OR 1.27 (95% CI 0.65-2.50, P=0.485). Overall, 50/171 (29%: 95% CI 22-36) patients had an ABCD2 scores <4. 19/72 (26%: 95% CI 16-36) embolising patients and 31/99 (31%: 95% CI 22-40) controls had an ABCD2 scores <4. After adjusting for pre-neurological event antiplatelet treatment (APT), area under the curve (AUC) of ROC for ABCD2 scores showed no prediction of microemboli (no prior APT, n=51: AUC 0.5 (95% CI 0.325 – 0.656, P=0.914; prior APT, n=120: AUC 0.5 (95% CI 0.415 – 0.623, P=0.72). Family history of vascular disease was more common in controls (38 (38%)), than those who had microemboli following stroke/TIA (17 (24%); OR 2.02 (95% CI 1.02-3.97) P = 0.043). Peripheral arterial disease was more common in controls (21 (21%)) compared with those who had microembolic stroke/TIA (6 (8.3%); OR 2.96 (95% CI 1.13-7.77)P = 0.027). The microembolic stroke/TIA cohort had a slightly higher level of cholesterol (5.0 mean±1.2 SEM) than controls (4.4±0.1; p=0.01, MW). In patients with no prior pre-neurological event APT, smoking was more common in those who had microemboli following stroke/TIA (16 (89%) than in controls (19 (58%) (OR 5.89 (95% CI 1.16-29.91) P = 0.0323) and total cholesterol (5.5±0.3 mmol/L) than in those without microemboli (4.6±0.2 mmol/L; P=0.01, MW). Conclusions: ABCD2 scores did not predict presence of cerebral microemboli or carotid disease in over one-quarter of patients with critical carotid stenosis. Based on NICE guidelines (urgent referral if ABCD2 ≥4), assessment for urgent reduction of high stroke risk may be inappropriately delayed. Our results also reinforce the need for stopping smoking, lipid control and antiplatelet treatment in patients with significant carotid artery disease.