gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Packing of submicrometer-sized polystyrene particles within the micrometer-sized recessed patterns on silicon substrate (2006)

The packing of submicrometer-sized polystyrene particles within the micrometer-sized recessed patterns were achieved using silicon-microfabricated substrates and a simple dipping and pulling-up process. The polystyrene particles were selectively deposited within the micrometer-sized square, triangular, or circular recessed patterns by tuning the experimental conditions during the pulling-up process. The process produced a capillary force, i.e., a gas–liquid interfacial tension, to push the particles into the recessed patterns on the substrate. In most cases, the selectively depositing particles within the recessed patterns self-organically formed the closest packing structures. However, a special phenomenon, cubic packing structures of the particles, was observed when using square patterns with a few times larger side-length than the particle diameters. Several particle packing structures within different-sized square patterns were demonstrated, and the relationship between the particle packing structures and square pattern sizes were discussed.
Exploiting Acoustic and Syntactic Features for Prosody Labeling in a Maximum Entropy Framework (2007)

Early cochlear implantation is desirable to effect maximal development of receptive and expressive language. Factors to consider in implanting before the age of 2 years include anatomic considerations, temporal bone growth and device extrusion or migration, the sequela of otitis media, and the accuracy of early diagnosis. Clinical experience and laboratory data indicate that cochlear implantation before the age of 2 years is possible.
Non-Destructive Inspection System for Welding Processes by applying Data Fusion (2018)

Welding processes are influenced by many parameters. By applying multimodal data fusion of multichannel image data and signals of various welding parameter, the correlation of these and their influence on weld seam imperfections are investigated. The application of a multispectral area camera array enables a new approach on non-destructive testing particularly supported by the passive thermography. The results show the different cooling behaviour of several welding imperfections, such as porosity, and present the relation between incorrect welding parameters and imperfections.
DC Conductivity Measurements of LDPE: Influence of Specimen Preparation Method and Polymer Morphology (2017)

DC conductivity measurements are important for gaining fundamental understanding of conduction mechanisms of insulation materials, as well as in the development of HVDC power system components, such as extruded cable systems. In this study, the influence of sample processing on the morphology and DC conductivity of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) has been studied. Direct compression moulding of LDPE pellets is commonly used in research laboratories for obtaining plaque samples, whereas extrusion is an additional commonly used technique for dispersion of particles in nanocomposites prior to the compression moulding process. In this study LDPE plaques have been obtained by either compression moulding directly from pellets, or by extrusion followed by compression moulding. The morphology obtained in the first case consisted of banded spherulites, whereas the latter method yielded a morphology of small axialites. The difference in sample processing had also an impact on the DC conductivity. The DC conductivity at 22 ­ºC and 3.3 kV/mm was of the order of 4xE-18 S/m for the plaques obtained by extrusion and compression moulding whereas the plaques obtained by direct compression moulding exhibited a conductivity of 1xE-16 S/m. In addition, the reproducibility of the performed DC conductivity measurements was also verified in a round robin test performed between the Royal Institute of Technology and Chalmers Technical University.
Dehydration damage and its repair in imbibed soybean ( Glycine max ) seeds. (2003)

A study was conducted to define the time course of the loss of desiccation tolerance in soyabean cv. Aijiaozao seeds and to determine how this quantitative trait changes during imbibition/germination. Seeds were subjected to water content determination, desiccation, germination and survival assessment, and conductivity tests. Seeds exhibited a typical triphasic pattern of water uptake, with a marked increase during the initial phase of imbibition, then a slower increase, followed by a second substantial increase as the radicle penetrated the surrounding tissues. The initial rapid hydration phase (phase I) was related to the dry seed matric potential; the second slow hydration phase (phase II) corresponded to the germination period. Phase II of water uptake by axes, however, was shorter than that of whole seeds and took ∼12 h (from 12 to 24 h of imbibition). Desiccation tolerance was gradually lost in imbibing seeds. Electrolyte leakage rates of seeds after dehydration decreased at the initial phase of pre-imbibition, then increased with increasing pre-imbibition time. Increasing electrolyte leakage rates of seeds after drying with increasing pre-imbibition time was strongly correlated with the gradual loss of seed desiccation tolerance. The longer the pre-imbibition time, the faster desiccation tolerance of axes was lost. For axes from seeds pre-imbibed for 24 and 32 h, rapid drying improved the desiccation tolerance more than slow drying. For axes from seeds pre-imbibed for 48 h, rapid drying decreased the desiccation tolerance. Ca2+ increased the survival and seedling weight produced by surviving axes from seeds pre-imbibed for 32 h before drying and re-imbibition. EGTA treatment decreased the desiccation tolerance of axes and subsequent growth of surviving axes. Ca2+ antagonized the negative effects of EGTA on desiccation tolerance of axes.
Ultrasound-assisted extraction of metals from Lithium-ion batteries using natural organic acids (2021)

Ultrasound-assisted extraction of metal ions from Lithium batteries with weak organic acids is reported. Leaching reached ≥98% Li and Co recovery due to improved residue layer diffusion and mass transfer, illustrated by the shrinking core model.
A Common Diaryl Ether Intermediate for the Gram‐Scale Synthesis of Oxazine and Xanthene Fluorophores (2012)

Gemeinsamkeiten: Kupfer-katalysierte Kupplungsreaktionen ermöglichen die Synthese nützlicher Oxazin- und Xanthen-Fluorophore aus gemeinsamen Diarylether-Intermediaten in hoher Ausbeute im Gramm-Maßstab (siehe Schema). Dieser generelle Zugang könnte die zukünftige Entwicklung neuer Fluorophore und Sonden mit einzigartigen Eigenschaften erleichtern.
Reconstructing Cylinder Pressure of a Spark-Ignition Engine for Heat Transfer and Heat Release Analyses (2004)

This paper proposes a technique for reconstructing the cylinder pressure traces of a spark-ignition engine based on three inputs: spark-timing, speed and load. This method is an extension of previous work for reconstructing cylinder pressure in a heavy-duty diesel engine [1]. The previous study utilized only two inputs for cylinder pressure reconstruction, e.g. engine speed and load, hence implying optimal combustion phasing. The new method adds one more input to allow reconstruction of pressure traces from cycles with combustion phasing altered based on emissions or knock constraints. The method was applied to a 4-cylinder, 2.4-liter DaimlerChrysler gasoline engine. Comparisons between measured and reconstructed cylinder pressure traces demonstrate that the method is applicable over the majority of the gasoline engine operating range. Reconstructed cylinder pressure traces have also been used to carry out engine heat transfer and heat release analyses. Problems associated with the application of this method to gasoline engine are also discussed.
Correction: Meta-analysis and multidisciplinary consensus statement: exome sequencing is a first-tier clinical diagnostic test for individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders (2020)

Correction to: Genetics in Medicine21:2019; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41436-019-0554-6, published online 11 June 2019 In our meta-analysis, we utilized incorrect numbers of individuals for one publication (Retterer et al. 2016) due to the fact the numbers for ASD and ID groups were not independent representations. We have updated our analysis using corrected numbers based on correspondence with the first author of this paper (diagnostic yield for NDD=543/1736 as opposed to 570/2063). The updated analysis leads to the same (rounded) weighted diagnostic yield and confidence intervals (CI) as the initial publication (36% [30–43%]). The updated analysis results in the following updated values in Fig. 2: Retterer study values: N positive=543, N total=1736, study weight=5.3% and meta-analysis statistics: I2=80%, τ2 = 0.2835, p<0.01. The study is also included in two subanalyses reported in the Results. The isolated NDD subcategory (n=21 articles), updated analysis leads to same (rounded) weighted diagnostic yield and confidence intervals as published (31% [25–38%]). For the subanalysis of mix of ID and/or ASD, the initial yield was 37% (CI: 29–46%). Following updated analysis, the yield of this subset is 39% (CI: 29–50%). The PDF and HTML versions of the Article have been modified accordingly. These authors contributed equally: Siddharth Srivastava, Jamie A. Love-Nichols. The original article can be found online at https://doi.org/10.1038/s41436-019-0554-6. Meta-analysis and multidisciplinary consensus statement: exome sequencing is a first-tier clinical diagnostic test for individuals with neurodevelopmental disordersGenetics in MedicineVol. 21Issue 11PreviewFor neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), etiological evaluation can be a diagnostic odyssey involving numerous genetic tests, underscoring the need to develop a streamlined algorithm maximizing molecular diagnostic yield for this clinical indication. Our objective was to compare the yield of exome sequencing (ES) with that of chromosomal microarray (CMA), the current first-tier test for NDDs. Full-Text PDF Open Access
Nilotinib is superior to imatinib as first-line therapy of chronic myeloid leukemia: the ENESTnd study (2010)

Nilotinib (Tasigna(®)) is a more potent BCR-ABL inhibitor than imatinib and was designed to overcome imatinib's deficiencies. Nilotinib has significant efficacy in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in chronic phase, accelerated phase and blastic phase, following imatinib failure. Based on the results of the Evaluating Nilotinib Efficacy and Safety in Clinical Trials-Newly Diagnosed Patients (ENESTnd) study, the US FDA has granted accelerated approval of nilotinib for the treatment of adult patients with newly diagnosed Philadelphia chromosome-positive CML in chronic phase. Imatinib has changed our perceptions of the therapeutic power of targeted inhibition of a pathologically active kinase. Nilotinib, a designer agent built on the imatinib scaffold, has proven superior to its template agent by every significant surrogate marker we use in monitoring CML. Nilotinib's clinical superiority over imatinib, as demonstrated by the ENESTnd study, has established it as an agent that we believe is a significant further step towards the cure of CML.
p110 sEGFR, a 110-kD isoform of epidermal growth factor receptor, interacts with ErbB-2 in the presence of EGF (2005)

4505 The 110 kD isoform of epidermal growth factor receptor (p110 sEGFR) is an alternative-spliced variant of the 170 kD full-length epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR/ErbB-1). This isoform has the same primary structure of the full-length receptor up to residue 603, thus having the same extracellular domain. The extracellular domain common to both proteins includes the ligand binding domain as well as residues involved in receptor dimerization with other members of the ErbB family: ErbB-2, ErbB-3 and ErbB-4. However, p110 sEGFR lacks the signal transduction capabilities of EGFR because the transmembrane, tyrosine kinase and regulatory domains are substituted by 78 unique amino acids in its c-terminal. Given that EGFR and p110 sEGFR have the same extracellular primary structure, we hypothesize that p110 sEGFR will interact with the same ligands and receptors as EGFR. To examine if p110 sEGFR interacts with ErbB-2, a co-immunoprecipitation assay was performed in the presence of the ligand of EGFR, epidermal growth factor (EGF). Equal amount of proteins in cell lysates from chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells expressing p110 sEGFR or p170 EGFR, and SK-BR-3 cells were combined in the presence of EGF. After equilibration, the reactions were immunoprecipitated with either a monoclonal antibody against the extracellular domain of EGFR or with a polyclonal antibody against the intracellular domain of ErbB-2. The immunoprecipitated proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE and analyzed by immunoblot analysis. A band corresponding to ErbB-2 was observed by immunoblot analysis when p110 sEGFR was immunoprecipitated. Similarly, a band corresponding to p110 sEGFR was observed by immunoblot analysis when ErbB-2 was immunopreciptated. Together, these results suggest that p110 sEGFR interacts with ErbB-2. Future studies are directed to determine if this interaction is transduced to a cellular response. Supported by: NIH/NCI (CA73859 and CA8513), UPR-MSC MBRS RISE Program, NIH (COBRE P200RR016439).
Temperature Dependence of Si-Based Thin-Film Solar Cells Fabricated on Amorphous to Microcrystalline Silicon Transition Phase (2007)

The temperature dependence of silicon (Si)-based thin-film single-junction solar cells, whose intrinsic absorbers were fabricated on the transition phase between hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) to hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon (µc-Si:H), was investigated. By varying the hydrogen dilution ratio, wide-band-gap protocrystalline silicon (pc-Si:H) and µc-Si:H absorber layers were obtained. Photo-current density–voltage (Photo-J–V) characteristics were measured under AM1.5 illumination at ambient temperatures in the range of 25–75 °C. We found that the solar cells with pc-Si:H, which exists just below the a-Si:H to µc-Si:H transition boundary, showed the lowest temperature coefficient (TC) for conversion efficiency (η) and open-circuit voltage (Voc), while the solar cells fabricated at the onset of the a-Si:H to µc-Si:H phase transition exhibited a relatively high TC for η and Voc. Experimental results indicated that pc-Si:H is a promising material for the absorber layer of the single junction or the top cell of tandem solar cells that operate in high temperature regions.
The EBNA-2 N-Terminal Transactivation Domain Folds into a Dimeric Structure Required for Target Gene Activation (2015)

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a γ-herpesvirus that may cause infectious mononucleosis in young adults. In addition, epidemiological and molecular evidence links EBV to the pathogenesis of lymphoid and epithelial malignancies. EBV has the unique ability to transform resting B cells into permanently proliferating, latently infected lymphoblastoid cell lines. Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 2 (EBNA-2) is a key regulator of viral and cellular gene expression for this transformation process. The N-terminal region of EBNA-2 comprising residues 1-58 appears to mediate multiple molecular functions including self-association and transactivation. However, it remains to be determined if the N-terminus of EBNA-2 directly provides these functions or if these activities merely depend on the dimerization involving the N-terminal domain. To address this issue, we determined the three-dimensional structure of the EBNA-2 N-terminal dimerization (END) domain by heteronuclear NMR-spectroscopy. The END domain monomer comprises a small fold of four β-strands and an α-helix which form a parallel dimer by interaction of two β-strands from each protomer. A structure-guided mutational analysis showed that hydrophobic residues in the dimer interface are required for self-association in vitro. Importantly, these interface mutants also displayed severely impaired self-association and transactivation in vivo. Moreover, mutations of solvent-exposed residues or deletion of the α-helix do not impair dimerization but strongly affect the functional activity, suggesting that the EBNA-2 dimer presents a surface that mediates functionally important intra- and/or intermolecular interactions. Our study shows that the END domain is a novel dimerization fold that is essential for functional activity. Since this specific fold is a unique feature of EBNA-2 it might provide a novel target for anti-viral therapeutics.
Stimulation of sphingomyelin biosynthesis by brefeldin A and sphingomyelin breakdown by okadaic acid treatment of rat hepatocytes. (1992)

Studies on sphingomyelin metabolism in rat hepatocytes were facilitated by the use of choline-deficient cells which allowed for the rapid labeling of phosphatidylcholine and as a result sphingomyelin. Pulse and pulse-chase studies with [methyl-3H]choline and [methyl-3H]methionine demonstrated that both compounds were effectively used for sphingomyelin biosynthesis and that newly made and pre-existing phosphatidylcholine could be used for sphingomyelin biosynthesis. When hepatocytes were incubated with brefeldin A, there was a 2.4-fold stimulation of the conversion of phosphatidylcholine into sphingomyelin. Since brefeldin A causes collapse of the cis/medial Golgi into the endoplasmic reticulum the stimulation of sphingomyelin biosynthesis could be due to more rapid access of the labeled phosphatidylcholine in the endoplasmic reticulum to sphingomyelin synthase in the collapsed Golgi. Forskolin inhibited the brefeldin A-induced stimulation of sphingomyelin biosynthesis. To investigate whether or not phosphorylation reactions regulate sphingomyelin metabolism, hepatocytes were incubated with okadaic acid, a potent inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A. Rather than stimulating sphingomyelin biosynthesis, okadaic acid enhanced the catabolism of sphingomyelin. In contrast, a cyclic AMP analogue and forskolin had no effect on sphingomyelin biosynthesis or catabolism. Surprisingly, other pulse-chase studies demonstrated that okadaic acid stimulated the catabolism of only newly made sphingomyelin. The brefeldin A and okadaic acid effects were independent of lysosomal involvement. Subcellular fractionation studies revealed that brefeldin A and okadaic acid effects were generalized in all sphingomyelin containing membranes. The brefeldin A studies suggest that the rate of transfer of phosphatidylcholine from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi might be limiting for sphingomyelin biosynthesis. The okadaic acid studies indicate that the catabolism of sphingomyelin by a sphingomyelinase is regulated by an unidentified protein kinase and by either protein phosphatase 1 and/or 2A activity in hepatocytes.
Possible Role of Songbirds and Parakeets in Transmission of Influenza A(H7N9) Virus to Humans (2014)

Avian-origin influenza A(H7N9) recently emerged in China, causing severe human disease. Several subtype H7N9 isolates contain influenza genes previously identified in viruses from finch-like birds. Because wild and domestic songbirds interact with humans and poultry, we investigated the susceptibility and transmissibility of subtype H7N9 in these species. Finches, sparrows, and parakeets supported replication of a human subtype H7N9 isolate, shed high titers through the oropharyngeal route, and showed few disease signs. Virus was shed into water troughs, and several contact animals seroconverted, although they shed little virus. Our study demonstrates that a human isolate can replicate in and be shed by such songbirds and parakeets into their environment. This finding has implications for these birds' potential as intermediate hosts with the ability to facilitate transmission and dissemination of A(H7N9) virus.
Association between flupenthixol treatment and emergence of manic symptoms (2002)

Patients treated with flupenthixol should be carefully monitored for the emergence of manic symptoms.
[Construction of ecological security pattern in the agro-pastoral ecotone based on surface humid index: A case study of Hangjin Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China.] (2018)

The construction of regional ecological security pattern can effectively protect regional ecological security and achieve regional sustainable development, which has become one of the key topics in landscape ecology. The construction of regional ecological security pattern is particularly important for the Inner Mongolia Plateau, which is characterized by relatively fragile ecological environment and single land cover type. Considering regional natural environment characteristics, five typical ecosystem services, such as food supply, carbon fixation and oxygen release, soil conservation, water yield and habitat conservation, were selected to assess the importance of natural habitats with Hangjin Banner of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region as a case study area. Based on comprehensive consideration of single ecosystem service quality and landscape multi-functionality, ecological sources were identified. The basic ecological resistance surface based on the land cover was revised by the surface humid index. The minimum cumulative resistance model was used to identify the ecological corridors, to construct the ecological security pattern of Hangjin Banner. The results showed that the ecological source of Hangjin Banner was 6781.70 km<sup>2</sup>, accounting for 35.9% of the whole area, which mainly located in the northern Hetao Plain and southern Ordos steppe zone. The total ecological corridor length of Hangjin Banner was 498.51 km, which was divided into two groups from north to south by Kubuqi Desert. Based on the arid and ecologically fragile characteristics in the agro-pastoral ecotone in northern China, this study constructed regional ecological security pattern to provide decision-making guidelines for local economic development and ecological conservation.
Spiropyrimidinetriones: a Class of DNA Gyrase Inhibitors with Activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and without Cross-Resistance to Fluoroquinolones (2022)

Described here is a series of spiropyrimidinetrione (SPT) compounds with activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis through inhibition of DNA gyrase. The SPT class operates via a novel mode of inhibition, which involves Mg<sup>2+</sup>-independent stabilization of the DNA cleavage complex with DNA gyrase and is thereby not cross-resistant with other DNA gyrase-inhibiting antibacterials, including fluoroquinolones. Compound 22 from the series was profiled broadly and showed <i>in vitro</i> cidality as well as intracellular activity against M. tuberculosis in macrophages. Evidence for the DNA gyrase mode of action was supported by inhibition of the target in a DNA supercoiling assay and elicitation of an SOS response seen in a <i>recA</i> reporter strain of M. tuberculosis. Pharmacokinetic properties of 22 supported evaluation of efficacy in an acute model of M. tuberculosis infection, where modest reduction in CFU numbers was seen. This work offers promise for deriving a novel drug class of tuberculosis agent without preexisting clinical resistance.
Modular Route to Azaindanes (2017)

A convergent radical based route to azaindanes is described, relying on the degenerative addition transfer of various substituted S-(pyridylmethyl)-O-ethyl dithiocarbonates (xanthates) to functional alkenes followed by radical cyclization onto the pyridine ring activated by protonation with trifluoroacetic acid. In one case, a richly decorated cyclohepta[b]pyridine could be assembled swiftly by allowing the first adduct to N-phenylmaleimide to undergo addition to N-allylphthalimide prior to cyclization.