gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The evolutionary history of 2,658 cancers (2017)

Summary Cancer develops through a process of somatic evolution. Here, we use whole-genome sequencing of 2,778 tumour samples from 2,658 donors to reconstruct the life history, evolution of mutational processes, and driver mutation sequences of 39 cancer types. The early phases of oncogenesis are driven by point mutations in a small set of driver genes, often including biallelic inactivation of tumour suppressors. Early oncogenesis is also characterised by specific copy number gains, such as trisomy 7 in glioblastoma or isochromosome 17q in medulloblastoma. By contrast, increased genomic instability, a nearly four-fold diversification of driver genes, and an acceleration of point mutation processes are features of later stages. Copy-number alterations often occur in mitotic crises leading to simultaneous gains of multiple chromosomal segments. Timing analysis suggests that driver mutations often precede diagnosis by many years, and in some cases decades, providing a window of opportunity for early cancer detection.
Enantiomeric synthesis of (+)-BCH-189 [(+)-(2S,5R)-1-[2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl]cytosine] from D-mannose and its anti-HIV activity (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnantiomeric synthesis of (+)-BCH-189 [(+)-(2S,5R)-1-[2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl]cytosine] from D-mannose and its anti-HIV activityChung K. Chu, J. Warren Beach, Lak S. Jeong, Bo G. Choi, Frank I. Comer, Antonio J. Alves, and Raymond F. SchinaziCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 23, 6503–6505Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00023a010https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00023a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views608Altmetric-Citations70LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Joint-polarization carrier phase estimation for XPM-limited coherent polarization-multiplexed QPSK transmission with OOK-neighbors (2008)

We demonstrate joint polarization carrier phase estimation for XPM-limited channels with significant improvements over standard methods, demonstrated on measurements of 43Gb/s NRZ-CP-QPSK with 10.7Gb/s OOK neighbors.
Progress of DNA photonics (2010)

In this paper we present our current research in developing non-conductive, optically transparent electromagnetic interference (EMI) or radio frequency (RF) shielding. It uses metallic nanopowders blended with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) based host materials. Recent results of this DNA-based EMI shielding demonstrate 18-27dB over a frequency range of 18 - 6 GHz, respectively, with an electrical resistivity measuring &gt; 20M&#937; for a 20 &#956;m dielectric spacing. These films were optical transparent in the visible wavelength range.
Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization of a Diolefinic [2]-Catenane–Copper(I) Complex: An Easy Route to Polycatenanes (2015)

A dilute (30 mM) dichloromethane solution of the copper(I) complex 1·Cu+ of a [2]-catenane composed of two identical 28-membered macrocyclic alkenes featuring a phenanthroline moiety in the backbone was subjected to ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) with second-generation Grubbs catalyst. Shortly after mixing of reactants, the dark red solution transformed into a gel. The bis(phenanthroline)copper(I) units were effectively preserved during ROMP, as evinced by spectroscopic analysis. This implies that the putative metal alkylidene pseudorotaxane intermediates did not undergo dethreading processes but were involved in ring–chain equilibria strongly biased toward the ring products at the low monomer concentration employed in the ROMP reactions. MALDI-TOF mass spectra of the reaction mixtures obtained at an early stage of the reaction revealed a distribution of interlocked oligomers (1·Cu+)n(PF6–)n−1 with n up to 7, with no traces of peaks ascribable to open chain species. Rheological and mechanical analyses of the gel products provided independent evidence in support of the conclusion that the fraction of linear species in the polymer is negligible. Indications were obtained that the major portion of the polymeric material is composed of fully interlocked species.
Evinacumab for Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia (2020)

In patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia receiving maximum doses of lipid-lowering therapy, the reduction from baseline in the LDL cholesterol level in the evinacumab group, as compared with the small increase in the placebo group, resulted in a between-group difference of 49.0 percentage points at 24 weeks. (Funded by Regeneron Pharmaceuticals; ELIPSE HoFH ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03399786.).
Opportunities and challenges to unify workload, power, and cooling management in data centers (2010)

Independent optimization for workload and power management, and active cooling control have been studied extensively to improve data center energy efficiency. Recently, proposals have started to advocate unified workload, power, and cooling management for further energy savings. In this paper, we study this problem with the objectives of both saving energy and capping power. We present the detailed models derived in our previous work from experiments on an blade enclosure system that can be representative of a data center, discuss the optimization opportunities for coordinated power and cooling management, and the challenges for controller design. We then propose a few design principles and examples for unified workload management, power minimization, and power capping. Our simulation-based evaluation shows that the controllers can cap the total power consumption while maintaining the thermal conditions and improve the overall energy efficiency. We argue that the same opportunities, challenges, and designs are also generally applicable to data center level management.
AFS and the web (1996)

Over the last few years, the World-Wide Web [2] has risen to dominance as a mechanism for wide-area information access. Each day brings new reports of the growth of the Web, and this trend shows no signs of abating any time soon. To many people, the Web and the Internet are synonymous. Unfortunately, success has exposed many limitations of the Web such as its tendency to overload the network and servers, its limited ability to control access to sensitive data, its lack of mechanisms for data consistency, and its susceptibility to network and server failures. It is now widely recognized that these problems must be solved for the continued growth of the Web.With much less fanfare, another world-wide information system, AFS, has also been operational on the Internet. AFS was originally designed to support the file sharing needs of a campus-sized community of five to seven thousand workstations [11, 15]. In current parlance, AFS was conceived as an information sharing mechanism for the Intranet of an organization. Since then, AFS has been evolved to function effectively over the Internet [17, 21]. Many organizations have been part of a single distributed Unix file name space supported by AFS. As of 1994, this system spanned well over 100 organizations world-wide, with each organization typically containing many tens or hundreds of clients. Measurements reported in a recent paper [20] confirm that AFS does indeed function effectively at this scale.The goal of this paper is to critically compare these two mechanisms for world-wide information access. We begin by asking the following questions:
Experimental study of the effects of RF front-end imperfection on MIMO transmitter performance (2008)

In this paper, the effects of power amplifier (PA) nonlinearity, and radio frequency (RF) crosstalk on the performance of the MIMO (multiple in, multiple out) transmitter are investigated comprehensively. The performance of the MIMO transmitter is studied based on the measured error vector magnitude (EVM) at the transmitting antennas. The simulation and measurement results show that PA nonlinearity and RF crosstalk need to be considered in the design process. In particular, it was found that the crosstalk represents a critical design factor that, if ignored, accentuates the effects of the other sources of impairments on the transmitter side, such as PA nonlinear behavior.
The design of an RFID security protocol for saving in DB transaction costs (2009)

The low-cost RFID system will become pervasive in the ubiquitous computing environment as a common infrastructure. It presents a lot of advantages, but brings a number of open issues that need to be solved before its successful realization. One of the open issues is about the backend system loading. In this paper, we proposed an RFID security protocol that has two features, dynamic key generation function for increasing cryptographic key complexity and the efficient message protocol for the transactional load of back-end database server.
A decision support system for tuning Web servers in distributed object oriented network architectures (2000)

Web technologies are currently being employed to provide end user interfaces in diverse computing environments. The core element of these Web solutions is a Web server that is based on the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) running over TCP/IP. Web servers are required to respond to millions of transaction requests per day at an "acceptable" Quality of Service (QoS) level with respect to the end-to-end response time and the server throughput. In many applications, the server performs significant server-side processing in distributed, object-oriented (OO) computing environments. In these applications, a Web server retrieves a file, parses the file for scripting language content, interprets the scripting statements and then executes embedded code, possibly requiring a TCP connection to a remote application for data transfer. In this paper, we present an end-to-end model that addresses this new class of Web servers that engage in OO computing. We have implemented the model in a simulation tool. Performance predictions based on the simulations are shown to match well with performance observed in a test environment. Therefore, the model forms an excellent basis for a Decision Support System for system architects, allowing them to predict the behavior of systems prior to their creation, or the behavior of existing systems under new load scenarios.
Odour and flavour thresholds for key aroma components in an orange juice matrix: esters and miscellaneous compounds (2008)

Abstract Thresholds for flavour volatiles have been traditionally calculated in water or air but they may vary widely in more complex matrices such as milk, gels or fruit slurries. The data presented are part of a continuing study to provide the industry with threshold guidelines more adequate for the use of flavours in citrus juices. Thresholds of aroma compounds of orange juice (OJ) were determined in reconstituted pump‐out (RPO), approaching a deodorized OJ matrix and served at 10–12 °C, the temperature at which OJ is consumed. The three‐alternative forced choice (3‐AFC) method was used (ASTM: E‐679). Sixteen to twenty panelists were presented with RPO samples arranged in five rows of three samples corresponding to five spiking levels, each separated by a factor of 3, with a 3‐AFC presentation at each level. For each compound, the test was repeated four times. Compounds tested were verified for purity by GC–MS and GC–O. Orthonasal and retronasal thresholds for esters were twice (methyl butanoate) to 30 times (ethyl propanoate) higher in the orange juice matrix than published values in water. The odour activity values (OAVs) of volatile compounds were calculated for two OJs; nine compounds had an orthonasal OAV &lt; 1 when using thresholds determined in RPO, while in contrast, these compounds had an OAV &gt; 1 when calculated with published thresholds determined in water. The relative OAV of some compounds had changed with respect to each other, indicating a different contribution of these compounds to OJ flavour when their OAV was calculated in RPO. These results show the importance of non‐water‐soluble compounds on odour and flavour perception. The threshold values provided herein are directly usable by the industry, in comparison with the current values published in water, and will help in developing models that would explain OJ flavour based on interactions with the matrix. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Water diffusion, T2, and compartmentation in frog sciatic nerve (1999)

A potential relationship between structural compartments in neural tissue and NMR parameters may increase the specificity of MRI in diagnosing diseases. Nevertheless, our understanding of MR of nerves and white matter is limited, particularly the influence of various water compartments on the MR signal is not known. In this study, components of the 1H transverse relaxation decay curve in frog peripheral nerve were correlated with the diffusion characteristics of the water in the nerve. Three T2 values were identified with nerve. Water mobility was found to be unrestricted on the timescale of 100 msec in the component of the signal with the intermediate T2 time, suggesting some contribution from the interstitial space to this T2 component. Restricted diffusion was observed in the component with the longest T2 time, supporting the assignment of at least part of the spins contributing to this component to an intracellular compartment. The observed nonexponential behavior of the diffusion attenuation curves was investigated and shown to be potentially caused by the wide range of axon sizes in the nerve. Magn Reson Med 42:911–918, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Imaging the Glycosylation State of Cell Surface Glycoproteins by Two‐Photon Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy (2013)

GLYCOPROTEINS IN FOCUS: Metabolic labeling of azido sugars combined with two-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy enables the visualization of specific glycoforms of endogenous proteins. This method can be utilized to detect glycosylated proteins in both cell culture and intact human tissue slices.
Towards Mobility Management with Multi-Objective Bayesian Optimization (2023)

One of the consequences of network densification is more frequent handovers (HO). HO failures have a direct impact on the quality of service and are undesirable, especially in scenarios with strict latency, reliability, and robustness constraints. In traditional networks, HO-related parameters are usually tuned by the network operator, and automated techniques are still based on past experience. In this paper, we propose an approach for optimizing HO thresholds using Bayesian Optimization (BO). We formulate a multi-objective optimization problem for selecting the HO thresholds that minimize HOs too early and too late in indoor factory scenarios, and we use multi-objective BO (MOBO) for finding the optimal values. Our results show that MOBO reaches Pareto optimal solutions with few samples and ensures service continuation through safe exploration of new data points.
Biochemical activities of the derivatives of dehydrodicaffeic acid dilactone. (1978)

Activities of derivatives of dehydrodicaffeic acid dilactone (DDCAD) to inhibit catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase (PDE) and DOPA decarboxylase (DDC) were examined. Among those tested, 2,6-bis-(5',6'-dibromo-4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxyphenyl)-3,7-dioxabicyclo-[3,3,0]-octane 4,8-dione was found to be the strongest inhibitor of both COMT and PDE. There were no derivatives which showed a stronger inhibition against DDC than the original compound, DDCAD.
RF and signal processing technologies for 4G mobile networks (2013)

To realize extremely high data rate of 50M–1Gbps in the 4G era, innovative circuit technologies for wider bandwidth and higher spectrum efficiency are required. In addition, some technical problems arise from increasing network density. For these technical challenges, we are developing the system technologies of inter-cell interference coordination and flexible mobile backhaul, and the circuit technologies of carrier-aggregation transmitters, highly efficient digital transmitters, and high-speed signal processing; these technologies enable to reduce operator's Total Cost of Ownership (TCO).
A Super-Resolution-Based Feature Map Compression for Machine-Oriented Video Coding (2023)

Recently, video and image compression methods using neural networks have received much attention. In MPEG standardization, Video Coding for Machine (VCM) is a newly arising topic which attempts to compress features/images for the purpose of machine vision tasks. Especially, compressing features has advantages in terms of privacy protection and computation off-loading. In this paper, we propose an effective feature compression method equipped with a super-resolution (SR) module for features. Our main motivation comes from the observation that features are somewhat robust to spatial distortions (e.g., AWGN, blur, quantization distortions, coding artifacts), which leads us to integrating an SR module into the compression framework. We also further explore the best training strategy of the proposed method, i.e., finding the best combination of various losses and proper input feature shapes. Our comprehensive experiments show that the proposed method outperforms the baseline in the original VCM anchor scenario on various QP values with Versatile Video Coding (VVC). Specifically, the proposed framework achieved up to 50% BD-rate reduction compared to the conventional P-layer feature map compression method for the object detection task on the OpenImage dataset.
New Approach to the Synthesis of Polyacrylamide in Miniemulsified Systems (2006)

Abstract Summary: A new approach to the preparation of water soluble polymer in inverse miniemulsions is proposed. A redox initiation system consisting of ceric ions and carbohydrate‐based surfactant Span 60 as a reducing agent is successfully used for the polymerization of AAm. This initiation system provides chain nucleation and growth near interfacial boundaries. As a result, stable uniform latex with particle radius of about 50–70 nm is obtained. The prepared PAAm has a rather high $\overline M _{\rm w}$ of up to about 2 × 10 6 Da. magnified image
A Multi-Channel Multi-Bit Programmable Photonic Beamformer Based on Cascaded DWDM (2014)

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel multi-channel multi-bit programmable photonic beamformer, which consists of multiple parallel photonic true-time delay (PTTD) subnetworks based on cascaded DWDMs. Each PTTD subnetwork can provide multi-bit true-time delays (TTDs) for a multi-channel modulated RF signal of a phased array antenna (PAA) and operate over a wide RF range from 10 MHz to 12 GHz. The RF signal is modulated to a spectrally separated laser array combined by a DWDM to form a multi-channel spatially separated PAA. The multi-bit TTDs for scanning PAA angles are rapidly programmed by means of a control circuit of optical switches in the PTTD subnetwork. By using an optical splitter, multiple parallel PTTD subnetworks can be topologically configured out for a PAA with a large number of elements. The obtained radiation patterns demonstrate that the proof-of-concept experimental result agrees well with the theoretical analysis, verifying the feasibility of the proposed photonic beamformer.
Copy number variation analysis and sequencing of the X-linked mental retardation gene TSPAN7/TM4SF2 in patients with autism spectrum disorder (2009)

Noor, Abdula; Gianakopoulos, Peter J.a; Fernandez, Bridgete; Marshall, Christian R.b; Szatmari, Peterd; Roberts, Wendyc; Scherer, Stephen W.b; Vincent, John B.a Author Information
High Concentrations of Procalcitonin but Not Mature Calcitonin in Normal Human Milk (2002)

Procalcitonin (PCT) is one of the precursors in the synthesis of calcitonin in thyroidal C-cells and other neuroendocrine cells. PCT and other calcitonin precursors in serum are present at less than 50 pg/ml in healthy individuals, but are highly elevated in serum where conditions leading to systemic inflammatory response syndrome or sepsis prevail. We measured PCT concentrations in milk and serum samples taken from 9 healthy women after delivery. PCT concentrations were below 10 pg/ml in serum samples, but were more than 100 times as high in the corresponding milk samples. PCT in milk reached a maximum within the early days after delivery, with a median peak concentration of 2310 pg/ml (range 223 - 4224 pg/ml) at day one and 2442 pg/ml (range 952 - 4488 pg/ml) at day two, then declining over the next days to a median concentration of 747 pg/ml (range 443 - 1656 pg/ml) at day 10 (p = 0.012, by Friedman ANOVA). PCT values reached a steady state of 504 pg/ml median value. Mature calcitonin values measured in parallel with a specific assay were not above the normal range of 10 pg/ml in any samples measured. The strong discrepancy between serum and milk PCT suggests that PCT (but not mature calcitonin) is synthesised in the breast of healthy mothers after delivery. The precise mechanism and the physiological relevance are unclear. Since PCT levels increase drastically in serum from patients suffering from sepsis and related conditions, and since PCT has been ascribed a pro-inflammatory function, we propose that milk PCT might contribute to the activation of the developing neonatal immune system. Similar speculations were proposed for a variety of other pro-inflammatory cytokines, which had comparable kinetics in human milk.
Incorporating biologic tissue data into a computer model of myocardium: effects of heterogeneous sympathetic innervation on dispersion of repolarization (2002)

It has been suggested that heterogeneous sympathetic innervation may be involved in the development of ventricular tachycardia (VT). The authors incorporated imaging data of heterogeneous sympathetic innervation in dogs into a model a thin sheet of myocardium and showed that dispersion of repolarization (which may form part of the substrate for VT) increases with increasing heterogeneity of innervation and increasing coupling resistivity.