gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SCALE: Modeling Clothed Humans with a Surface Codec of Articulated Local Elements (2021)

Learning to model and reconstruct humans in clothing is challenging due to articulation, non-rigid deformation, and varying clothing types and topologies. To enable learning, the choice of representation is the key. Recent work uses neural networks to parameterize local surface elements. This approach captures locally coherent geometry and non-planar details, can deal with varying topology, and does not require registered training data. However, naively using such methods to model 3D clothed humans fails to capture fine-grained local deformations and generalizes poorly. To address this, we present three key innovations: First, we deform surface elements based on a human body model such that large-scale deformations caused by articulation are explicitly separated from topological changes and local clothing deformations. Second, we address the limitations of existing neural surface elements by regressing local geometry from local features, significantly improving the expressiveness. Third, we learn a pose embedding on a 2D parameterization space that encodes posed body geometry, improving generalization to unseen poses by reducing non-local spurious correlations. We demonstrate the efficacy of our surface representation by learning models of complex clothing from point clouds. The clothing can change topology and deviate from the topology of the body. Once learned, we can animate previously unseen motions, producing high-quality point clouds, from which we generate realistic images with neural rendering. We assess the importance of each technical contribution and show that our approach outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in terms of reconstruction accuracy and inference time. The code is available for research purposes at https://qianlim.github.io/SCALE.
Supplementary Figure S1 from Cytoplasmic Sequestration of p27 via AKT Phosphorylation in Renal Cell Carcinoma (2023)

Supplementary Figure S1 from Cytoplasmic Sequestration of p27 via AKT Phosphorylation in Renal Cell Carcinoma
Visible Light-Induced Antibacterial Activity of Metaloxide Nanoparticles (2013)

It is possible to extend the absorption region of metal oxide NPs to the red/NIR, increasing their antibacterial activity without inducing damage to tissues and cells.
Continuous‐Flow Asymmetric Hydrogenation of the β‐Keto Ester Methyl Propionylacetate in Ionic Liquid–Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Biphasic Systems (2013)

Abstract A continuous‐flow process for the asymmetric hydrogenation of methyl propionylacetate as a prototypical β‐keto ester in a biphasic system of ionic liquid and supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO 2 ) is presented. An established ruthenium/2,2′‐bis(diphenylphosphino)‐1,1′‐binaphthyl (BINAP) catalyst was immobilised in an imidazolium‐based ionic liquid while scCO 2 was used as mobile phase transporting reactants in and products out of the reactor. The use of acidic additives led to significantly higher reaction rates and enhanced catalyst stability albeit at slightly reduced enantioselectivity. High single pass conversions (&gt;90%) and good enantioselectivity (80–82% ee ) were achieved in the first 80 h. The initial catalyst activity was retained to 91% after 100 h and to 69% after 150 h time‐on‐stream, whereas the enantioselectivity remained practically constant during the entire process. A total turnover number of ∼21,000 and an averaged space‐time yield (STY av ) of 149 g L −1 h −1 were reached in a long‐term experiment. No ruthenium and phosphorus contaminants could be detected via inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP‐OES) in the product stream and almost quantitative retention by the analysis of the stationary phase was confirmed. A comparison between batch‐wise and continuous‐flow operation on the basis of these data is provided.
Towards biologically plausible Dreaming and Planning in recurrent spiking networks (2022)

Humans and animals can learn new skills after practicing for a few hours, while current reinforcement learning algorithms require a large amount of data to achieve good performances. Recent model-based approaches show promising results by reducing the number of necessary interactions with the environment to learn a desirable policy. However, these methods require biological implausible ingredients, such as the detailed storage of older experiences, and long periods of offline learning. The optimal way to learn and exploit word-models is still an open question. Taking inspiration from biology, we suggest that dreaming might be an efficient expedient to use an inner model. We propose a two-module (agent and model) spiking neural network in which "dreaming" (living new experiences in a model-based simulated environment) significantly boosts learning. We also explore "planning", an online alternative to dreaming, that shows comparable performances. Importantly, our model does not require the detailed storage of experiences, and learns online the world-model and the policy. Moreover, we stress that our network is composed of spiking neurons, further increasing the biological plausibility and implementability in neuromorphic hardware.
Micromirror arrays to assess luminescent nano-objects (2011)

We propose an array of submicrometer mirrors to assess luminescent nano-objects. Micromirror arrays (MMAs) are fabricated on Si (001) wafers via selectively doping Ga using the focused ion beam technique to form p-type etch stop regions, subsequent anisotropic chemical etching, and Al deposition. MMAs provide two benefits: reflection of luminescence from nano-objects within MMAs toward the Si (001) surface normal and nano-object labeling. The former increases the probability of optics collecting luminescence and is demonstrated by simulations based on the ray-tracing and finite-difference time-domain methods as well as by experiments. The latter enables different measurements to be repeatedly performed on a single nano-object located at a certain micromirror. For example, a single InGaN∕GaN nanocolumn is assessed by scanning electron microscopy and microphotoluminescence spectroscopy.
High-Speed Object Tracking Using an Asynchronous Temporal Contrast Sensor (2014)

Purely image-based approaches to tracking objects in video sequences are more prone to failure the higher an object's speed, as it covers a greater distance over the camera's exposure time and is subject to increased motion blur. These algorithms are also susceptible to changes in the object's appearance and illumination. In this paper, we approach this problem by asynchronously recording local contrast change at high speed, using a type of visual capture device called a Dynamic Vision Sensor (DVS). We use this additional data to determine motion that takes place during the exposure of a single video frame. We present a multi-modal capture system incorporating both a DVS and a traditional video camera, a method to register the different types of sensor information, and finally apply these datasets to challenging object tracking scenarios.
Negative Electrodes for Li-Ion Batteries - eScholarship (2001)

Negative Electrodes for Li-Ion Batteries Kim Kinoshitaa and Karim Zaghibb aLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA bInstitut de Recherche d’Hydro-Quebec, 1800 boul, Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Quebec, J3X 1S1, Canada Abstract Graphitized carbons have played a key role in the successful commercialization of Li-ion batteries. The physicochemical properties of carbon cover a wide range; therefore identifying the optimum active electrode material can be time consuming. The significant physical properties of negative electrodes for Li-ion batteries are summarized, and the relationship of these properties to their electrochemical performance in nonaqueous electrolytes, are discussed in this paper. Keywords: carbon, lithium intercalation, reversible capacity, irreversible capacity Introduction Sony Corporation was the first to commercialize Li-ion batteries for portable electronic devices in the early 1990’s. Since that time, the number of companies producing Li-ion batteries has proliferated. Three major markets for these batteries are cellular phones, laptop computers and video cameras. Manufacture of large-scale Li-ion batteries for transportation applications in electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) has lagged further behind the consumer market. The active materials in the electrodes of commercial Li-ion batteries are usually graphitized carbons in the negative electrode and LiCoO 2 in the positive electrode. The electrolyte contains LiPF 6 and solvents that consist of mixtures of cyclic and linear carbonates. Electrochemical intercalation is difficult with graphitized carbon in LiClO 4 /propylene carbonate (PC) because of rapid electrolyte decomposition and exfoliation of the crystallite structure. Successful intercalation of Li e ions into graphite was made possible by using a mixed solvent electrolyte system such as LiPF 6 in ethylene carbonate (EC) + diethyl carbonate (DEC). On the other hand, LiClO 4 in PC is an acceptable electrolyte for intercalation of Li + ions in nongraphitized carbons such as petroleum coke, but the electrochemical Li capacity is less, amounting to about 180 mAh/g C. Other amorphous carbons have been investigated, and some have electrochemical capacities that exceed 372 mAh/g C, which is the capacity of graphite. For transportation applications, safety, cost and calendar life are key technical issues that must be resolved. One approach to understanding and resolving these issues is to utilize mathematical models that can guide experimentalists in their development efforts to identify improved electrode components. The discussion in this paper is
Willingness to pay for a telemedicine-delivered healthy lifestyle programme (2020)

In rural areas where patients travel 30-45 min a telemedicine-delivered, intensive weight-loss intervention may be a well-received and cost-effective way for both patients and the clinical care team to connect.
Silicon Nanophotonics: The Optical Spice Rack (2009)

Silicon is evolving as a versatile photonic platform with multiple functionalities that can be seamlessly integrated. We have recently demonstrated the ability to guide and switch multiple wavelength sources at GHz bandwidths, in optomechanical as well as opto-fluidics devices. Article not Available.
Spectrally scanned, repetitively pulsed erbium-doped fiber laser for spectral and temporal multiplexing of fiber Bragg grating sensors (2003)

An erbium-doped fiber laser that emits a series of spectrally scanned pulses is used to monitor an array of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors. The cavity for this Fabry-Perot laser is formed by two spectrally selective reflectors: a rotating mirror-grating combination for scanning the reflectance peak wavelength and a fiber Fabry-Perot interferometer (FFPI) with a periodic reflectance spectrum. During a scan of the rotating mirror, the laser produces a set of Q-switched pulses over the 1522-1568-nm spectral range at each of the FFPI reflectance peak wavelengths. This laser is used to simultaneously demonstrate wavelength-division multiplexing of FBGs with reflectance peaks in different spectral regimes and time-division multiplexing of FBGs with overlapping spectra. The spectral location of the FBG peaks was determined to an accuracy of 1.4 pm.
Serotonin synthesis inhibitors: A novel approach for managing gastrointestinal symptoms in carcinoid syndrome. (2010)

e13543 Background: Carcinoid syndrome (CS) occurs when metastatic carcinoid tumors secrete large amounts of serotonin (5-HT) and other bioactive substances into systemic circulation causing a variety of symptoms, including GI symptoms such as profound diarrhea. Reduction in 5-HT production by the tumor would be expected to improve symptoms in patients with CS. We therefore have examined the utility of inhibiting tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH), the enzyme that catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the synthesis of 5-HT, as a strategy to reduce 5-HT production in vivo with the goal of developing a new therapeutic approach to CS. The ability of LX1031 and LX1032, two novel TPH inhibitors to reduce 5-HT production was determined in clinical trials. Methods: Single and multiple ascending dose studies with LX1031 and LX1032 were conducted in normal volunteers. In addition, a 28-day study was conducted with the locally acting TPH inhibitor LX1031 in patients with non-constipating IBS. In the IBS study, multiple measures of GI symptoms were recorded daily along with a weekly global assessment. In all studies, blood and urine was collected for measurement of 5-HT and 5-HIAA, biomarkers of 5-HT production. Results: In normal volunteers LX1032 significantly reduced 5-HT production in a dose-dependent manner. Both LX1031 and LX1032 gave a 50-60% decrease in 24-hour urinary 5-HIAA after 14 days of 1000 mg QID and 500 mg TID, respectively, compared to placebo. In IBS patients, LX1031 produced a similar dose-dependent reduction in 5-HT production, and in the high dose arm demonstrated statistically significant improvements in parameters of global relief and stool consistency that correlated with the decrease in 5-HT production. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that TPH inhibitors, such as LX1032 and the locally acting LX1031, can significantly reduce 5-HT production in normal subjects at well-tolerated dose levels. In patients with IBS, administration of LX1031 was shown to lower 5-HT production and improve clinical GI symptoms. These results indicate that inhibiting serotonin synthesis via TPH inhibition is a viable new strategy for the symptomatic treatment of patients with carcinoid syndrome. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Role of Si in the Luminescence of AlN:Eu,Si Phosphors (2009)

The luminescence properties of Si,Eu‐codoped AlN phosphors were investigated by means of cathodoluminescence. The concentration of Eu was kept constant, while that of Si was varied from 0 to 9.0 at.% using two different Si‐source starting powders, Si 3 N 4 and SiC. The luminescence of Eu 2+ in AlN is only observed for samples doped with Si. On the other hand, a concentration quenching is observed for samples doped with high amount of Si from Si 3 N 4 while not for those doped from SiC. These results show the importance of Si in the luminescence properties of Eu 2+ ‐doped AlN.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Resolution of a Novel Chiral Diamine Ligand and Application to Asymmetric Lithiation—Substitution. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Influence of the Dynamic Positions of Cations on the Structure of the DNA Minor Groove:  Sequence-Dependent Effects (2001)

Different models for minor groove structures predict that the conformation is essentially fixed by sequence and has an influence on local ion distribution or alternatively that temporal positions of ions around the minor groove can affect the structure if they neutralize cross-strand phosphate charges. Our previous studies show that the minor groove in an AATT dodecamer responds to local sodium ion positions and is narrow when ions neutralize cross-strand phosphate-phosphate charges [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 10513-10520]. Previous results from a number of laboratories have shown that G-tracts often have a wider minor groove than A-tracts, but they do not indicate whether this is due to reduced flexibility or differences in ion interactions. We have undertaken a molecular dynamics study of a d(TATAGGCCTATA) duplex to answer this question. The results show that the G-tract has the same amplitude of minor groove fluctuations as the A-tract sequence but that it has fewer ion interactions that neutralize cross-strand phosphate charges. These results demonstrate that differences in time-average groove width between A- and G-tracts are due to differences in ion interactions at the minor groove. When ions neutralize the cross-strand phosphates, the minor groove is narrow. When there are no neutralizing ion interactions, the minor groove is wide. The population of structures with no ion interactions is larger with the GGCC than with the AATT duplex, and GGCC has a wider time-average minor groove in agreement with experiment.
Ignition and extinction of low molecular weight esters in nonpremixed flows (2010)

An experimental and kinetic modeling study is carried out to characterize combustion of low molecular weight esters in nonpremixed, nonuniform flows. An improved understanding of the combustion characteristics of low molecular weight esters will provide insights on combustion of high molecular weight esters and biodiesel. The fuels tested are methyl butanoate, methyl crotonate, ethyl propionate, biodiesel, and diesel. Two types of configuration – the condensed fuel configuration and the prevaporized fuel configuration – are employed. The condensed fuel configuration is particularly useful for studies on those liquid fuels that have high boiling points, for example biodiesel and diesel, where prevaporization, without thermal breakdown of the fuel, is difficult to achieve. In the condensed fuel configuration, an oxidizer, made up of a mixture of oxygen and nitrogen, flows over the vaporizing surface of a pool of liquid fuel. A stagnation-point boundary layer flow is established over the surface of the liquid pool. The flame is stabilized in the boundary layer. In the prevaporized fuel configuration, the flame is established in the mixing layer formed between two streams. One stream is a mixture of oxygen and nitrogen and the other is a mixture of prevaporized fuel and nitrogen. Critical conditions of extinction and ignition are measured. The results show that the critical conditions of extinction of diesel and biodiesel are nearly the same. Experimental data show that in general flames burning the esters are more difficult to extinguish in comparison to those for biodiesel. At the same value of a characteristic flow time, the ignition temperature for biodiesel is lower than that for diesel. The ignition temperatures for biodiesel are lower than those for the methyl esters tested here. Critical conditions of extinction and ignition for methyl butanoate were calculated using a detailed chemical kinetic mechanism. The results agreed well with the experimental data. The asymptotic structure of a methyl butanoate flame is found to be similar to that for many hydrocarbon flames. This will facilitate analytical modeling, of structures of ester flames, using rate-ratio asymptotic techniques, developed previously for hydrocarbon flames.
Role of Telomeres and Telomerase in the Pathogenesis of Human Cancer (2003)

Specialized nucleoprotein structures, termed telomeres, cap the ends of human chromosomes. These terminal structures, composed of repetitive arrays of guanine-rich hexameric DNA together with specific telomere-binding proteins, play essential roles in protecting the chromosome from damage and degradation. In addition, several lines of evidence implicate telomere maintenance as an important regulator of cell life span. Activation of telomerase, a dedicated reverse transcriptase that synthesizes telomeric sequences, is strongly associated with cancer, and recent observations confirm that telomeres and telomerase perform important roles in both suppressing and facilitating malignant transformation. These dual functions of telomere biology are evident in the clinical manifestations of the multisystem syndrome, dyskeratosis congenita, forms of which display defects in telomerase function. Recent advances in our understanding of telomere biology indicate that the manipulation of telomeres and telomerase will lead to clinically significant applications in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of neoplastic disease.
Mixed Solutions of Anionic and Zwitterionic Surfactant (Betaine):  Surface-Tension Isotherms, Adsorption, and Relaxation Kinetics (2004)

Here, we present experimental surface-tension isotherms of mixed solutions of two surfactants, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and cocoamidopropyl betaine (Betaine), measured by means of the Wilhelmy plate method. The kinetics of surface-tension relaxation exhibits two characteristic time scales, which have been distinguished to determine correctly the equilibrium surface tension. The transition from the zwitterionic to the cationic form of Betaine is detected by surface-tension measurements. Synergistic dependence of the critical micellization concentration on the composition of the surfactant blend is established. The experimental surface-tension isotherms are fitted by means of the two-component van der Waals model, and an excellent agreement between theory and experiment was achieved. Having determined the parameters of the model, we calculated different properties of the mixed surfactant adsorption layer at various concentrations ofSDS, Betaine, and salt. Such properties are the adsorptions ofthe two surfactants, the surface dilatational elasticity, the occupancy of the Stern layer by bound counterions, the surface electric potential, and so forth. In particular, the addition of a small amount of Betaine to SDS significantly increases the surface elasticity. The results could be further applied to predict the thickness and stability of foam films or the size of the rodlike micelles in the mixed solutions of SDS and Betaine.
Photolysis of azoalkanes. Reactions and kinetics of the 1-cyclopropyl-1,3-cyclopentanediyl biradical and 1-cyclopropylcyclopentyl radical (1991)

The 1-cyclopropylcyclopentyl radical (114a) and 1-cyclopropylcyclohexyl radical (114b) were generated in the presence of PhSH via 366 nm photolysis of azo-1-cyclopropylcyclopentane and azo-1-cyclopropylcyclohexane respectively. These radicals undergo cyclopropylcarbinyl (CPC) rearrangement to primary homoallylic radicals 115a and 115b, respectively, at rates of 1.45 $\\times$ 10$\\sp7$ s$\\sp{-1}$ and 1.1 $\\times$ 10$\\sp7$ s$\\sp{-1}$ based on competitive trapping with PhSH. These rates are 6-9 times slower than the parent CPC radical. E$\\sb{\\rm a}$ for 114a$\\to$115a was found to be 7.0 kcal/mol and log A = 12.3. Deuterium labeling studies show that homoallylic radical 115a recloses to 114a with k$\\sb{\\rm rr}$ = 5.5 $\\times$ 10$\\sp4$ s$\\sp{-1}$.\nUnsymmetrical triplet biradical 1-cyclopropyl-1,3-cyclopentanediyl (104T) is produced from the triplet sensitized photolysis of 1-cyclopropyl-2,3-diazabicyclo (2.2.1) hept-2-ene (123). Biradical 104T undergoes CPC rearrangement to a pair of 1,6-biradicals 105E and 105Z the latter of which undergoes rapid intramolecular disproportionation to Z-3-propylidenecyclopentene (108Z). On account of its geometry, 105E cannot lead directly to a stable product; hence, it recloses to 104T (k$\\sb{\\rm ra}$ = 1.2 $\\times$ 10$\\sp5$ s$\\sp{-1}$) but interestingly, not to 104S. If the CPC rearrangement rate of 104T is taken as that of 114a, we calculate from the product distribution that the lifetime ($\\tau$ = 1/k$\\sb{\\rm isc}$) of 104T is 59 ns. This figure is only one half the lifetime of the parent 1,3-cyclopentanediyl and is close to $\\tau$ = 42 ns for 1,3-dimethyl-1,3-cyclopentanediyl, showing that the effect of the cyclopropyl group is similar to that of methyl.\nISC of 104T displays linear Arrhenius behavior over 3.4-61.0$\\sp\\circ$C. Activation parameters for ISC of 104T were determined via competition with the CPC rearrangement and were found to be E$\\sb{\\rm a}$ (ISC) = 1.6 kcal/mol and log A = 8.4. Thus 104T is shown to be a ground state triplet and the low value of log A is characteristic of spin-forbidden ISC.