gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
14-3-3 modulation of the inflammatory response (2020)

Regulation of inflammation is a central part of the maintenance of homeostasis by the immune system. One important class of regulatory protein that has been shown to have effects on the inflammatory process are the 14-3-3 proteins. Herein we describe the roles that have been identified for 14-3-3 in regulation of the inflammatory response. These roles encompass regulation of the response that affect inflammation at the genetic, molecular and cellular levels. At a genetic level 14-3-3 is involved in the regulation of multiple transcription factors and affects the transcription of key effectors of the immune response. At a molecular level many of the constituent parts of the inflammatory process, such as pattern recognition receptors, protease activated receptors and cytokines are regulated through phosphorylation and recognition by 14-3-3 whilst disruption of the recognition processes has been observed to result in clinical syndromes. 14-3-3 is also involved in the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation, this has been shown to affect the immune system, particularly T- and B-cells. Finally, we discuss how abnormal levels of 14-3-3 contribute to undesirable immune responses and chronic inflammatory conditions.
mClerk (2012)

Global crowdsourcing platforms could offer new employment opportunities to low-income workers in developing countries. However, the impact to date has been limited because poor communities usually lack access to computers and the Internet.
Reduced Viscosity of the Free Surface in Entangled Polymer Melt Films (2010)

By embedding "dilute" gold nanoparticles in single polystyrene thin films as "markers", we probe the local viscosity of the free surface at temperatures far above the glass transition temperature (T(g)). The technique used was x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy with resonance-enhanced x-ray scattering. The results clearly showed the surface viscosity is about 30% lower than the rest of the film. We found that this reduction is strongly associated with chain entanglements at the free surface rather than the reduction in T(g).
Abstract 200: CD40 Signaling Mediates Postischemic Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, And Tissue Injury Following Focal Cerebral Ischemia (2012)

Rationale: Although CD40/CD40 ligand (CD40L) signaling has been implicated in clinical and experimental ischemic strokes, the underlying mechanisms are largely unclear. Objective: We investigated how CD40 participates in the cellular and molecular events underlying the postischemic inflammation and oxidative stress that may contribute to the tissue damage during cerebral ischemia. Methods and Results: Wild-type (WT, n=164) and CD40 knockout mice (n=132) were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO, 60 minutes) followed by reperfusion. We found that ischemia/reperfusion induced CD40 expression in the brain in a time-dependent manner, primarily localized to the microvascular endothelial cells in the early phase (6h) and then to the activated microglia in the later time (24h). The adhesion and infiltration of neutrophils as well as the activation and expansion of microglia induced by ischemia/reperfusion were inhibited in CD40-/- mice, which were time-dependently correlated with suppressing nuclear factor-kB activation and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNFα) and adhesion molecules (E- and P-selectin, ICAM-1,MCP-1). Infarct volumes and mortality were reduced in CD40-/- mice at 72h after ischemia/reperfusion. Treatment with an inhibitor of either NADPH oxidase or COX-2, the known enzymes that contributes to the tissue damage, reduced ischemic brain injury in wild-type mice, but not in CD40-/- mice. In contrast, treatment with an inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) further reduced tissue injury in CD40-/- mice. Consistently, ischemia/reperfusion-induced upregulation of NADPH oxidase (Nox2, and Nox4) and COX-2, but not iNOS, were attenuated in CD40-/- mice. Conclusions: The findings unveil an essential role for CD40 in the regulation of early molecular and cellular events leading to postischemic inflammation. Inhibition of CD40 signaling may be a valuable therapeutic approach to counteract the deleterious effects of postischemic inflammation.
Bluetooth Security (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Bluetooth Wireless Technology Security Architecture Security Weaknesses and Countermeasures Bluetooth Security: What Comes Next? References
Vertical CBRAM (V-CBRAM): From Experimental Data to Design Perspectives (2016)

In this paper, we propose the integration of an Al2O3/CuTe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> based Conductive Bridge RAM (CBRAM) device in vertical configuration. The performances of the memory devices are evaluated. 20ns switching time, up to 106 cycles and stable 150°C retention were demonstrated. Functionality is compared with Vertical RRAM integrating an HfO2/Ti OXRAM stack, showing the pros and cons of each configuration. Then 2 potential applications are discussed using design approach. For high density, the Vertical RRAM cell features and circuit are dimensioned to optimize the memory page density. Finally, for neuromorphic applications, selector and array configuration are tuned to reduce the variability in terms of voltage seen by each cell constituting a vertical synapse.
Spatial Division Multiplexing: a Novel Approach for Guaranteed Throughput (2007)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Biomechanical Comparison of 3 Possible Fixation Strategies to Resist Femoral Neck Shortening After Fracture (2010)

In light of recent reports that patients with femoral neck shortening following fracture fixation are dissatisfied with their outcomes, the objective of this study was to compare the compressive strength, or resistance to shortening, of 3 possible strategies for stabilization of the femoral neck that should resist shortening. The proximal portion of 21 synthetic composite femurs were prepared to isolate the femoral neck for study. A 4-mm segment of the femoral neck was removed to simulate a transcervical comminuted fracture that would be expected to shorten under standard treatment conditions. These simulated fractures were fixed by 1 of 3 methods: a 3-screw configuration using parallel partially threaded screws augmented with an injectable hydroxyapatite bone substitute in the fracture site; a 3-screw configuration using parallel fully threaded screws; or a nonparallel 3-screw configuration using partially threaded screws. The specimens were tested in compression along the axis of the femoral neck, and the mean stiffness and load to failure values were calculated.The hydroxyapatite bone substitute-augmented partially threaded screw fixation construct resulted in the highest stiffness (1928+/-135 N/mm) and load to failure (6529+/-674 N), followed by the fully threaded screw construct (1210+/-166 N/mm and 3987+/-419 N, respectively), and finally the nonparallel construct (518+/-176 N/mm and 592+/-295 N, respectively) (P<.001 for all groups). This study supports further evaluation of hydroxyapatite bone substitute augmentation at the fracture site to prevent femoral neck shortening in femoral neck fractures receiving internal fixation.
A joint PHY/MAC architecture for low-radiated power TH-UWB wireless ad hoc networks: Research Articles (2005)

Due to environmental concerns and strict constraints on interference imposed on other networks, the radiated power of emerging pervasive wireless networks needs to be strictly limited, yet without sacrificing acceptable data rates. Pulsed time-hopping ultra-wideband (TH-UWB) is a radio technology that has the potential to satisfy this requirement. Although TH-UWB is a multi-user radio technology, non-zero cross-correlation between TH sequences, time-asynchronicity between sources and a multipath channel environment make it sensitive to strong interferers and near-far scenarios. While most protocols manage interference and multiple-access through power control or mutual exclusion, we base our design on rate control, a relatively unexplored dimension for multiple-access and interference management. We further take an advantage of the nature of pulsed TH-UWB to propose an interference mitigation scheme that alleviates the need for an exclusion scheme. A source is always allowed to send and continuously adapts its channel code (hence its rate) to the interference experienced at the destination. In contrast to power control or exclusion, our MAC layer is local to sender and receiver, and does not need coordination among neighbors not involved in the transmission. We show by simulation that we achieve a significant increase in the network throughput compared to alternative designs. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rare Coumarins Induce Apoptosis, G1 Cell Block and Reduce RNA Content in HL60 Cells (2017)

Abstract The rare coumarins stenocarpin, stenocarpin isobutyrate, oficinalin, oficinalin isobutyrate, 8-methoxypeucedanin and the known xanthotoxin, isoimperatorin, bergapten, peucedanin and 8–methoxyisoimperatorin were isolated from Peucedanum luxurians Tamamsch. (Apiaceae) and identified by means of spectral data (1D and 2D NMR). Their immunomodulating activity was evaluated by flow cytometry and their influence on HL60 cells as well as on PHA-stimulated PBLs was tested. All tested coumarins induce apoptosis (maximal in the 48 h culture) and decrease cell proliferation in a time- and dose-dependent manner, especially in HL60 cells. They also induce partial G1 block, but only in HL60 cells (at 100 µM concentrations). Dose-dependent reduction of RNA content was also found in G1 cells treated by the coumarins. All of the tested coumarins also possessed immunomodulatory activities. Bergapten and xanthotoxin were found to be the best candidates for further evaluation as anti-cancer drugs.
Microstructural evolution of electrodes in sintering of multi-layer ceramic capacitors (MLCC) observed by synchrotron X-ray nano-CT (2021)

Synchrotron X-ray nano computed tomography was used to investigate the microstructural evolution during co-sintering of multi-layer ceramic capacitors (MLCC) consisting of Ni electrodes and BaTiO3 dielectric layers stacked alternately. As the electrode thickness reduced to submicron at the scale of a few particle diameters, the process produced the defect of inner electrode leading to capacitance loss. The discontinuous electrode region contained round holes and irregularly-shaped channels. The formation of discontinuity was associated with the increase of characteristic length of heterogeneous electrode structure, i.e., the coarsening occurred. The evolution of electrode morphology by surface/interface diffusion caused the breakup of ligament between two holes driven by instability induced by surface tension and stress. The ligament pinch-off inevitably generated sharp points which might enhance the local electric field bringing about the dielectric breakdown. A model was presented to explain the formation of defect from the heterogeneous particles packing in the electrode layer.
Mass production of holographic transparent components for augmented and virtual reality applications (2017)

Diffractive optics such as holographic optical elements (HOEs) can provide transparent and narrow band components with arbitrary incident and diffracted angles for near-to-eye commercial electronic products for augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), and smart glass applications. In this paper, we will summarize the operational parameters and general optical geometries relevant for near-to-eye displays, the holographic substrates available for these applications, and their performance characteristics and ease of manufacture. We will compare the holographic substrates available in terms of fabrication, manufacturability, and end-user performance characteristics. Luminit is currently emplacing the manufacturing capacity to serve this market, and this paper will discuss the capabilities and limitations of this unique facility.
BIOLOGICAL STUDIES ON STREPTOTHRICIN BI AND BII I. BACTERIOSTATIC EFFECTS IN VITRO COMPARING WITH THOSE OF STREPTOMYCIN AND CHLORAMPHENICOL (1950)

Since streptomycin had been found by Waksman, various antibiotics were obtained in the field of streptomyces. They are different each others, not only in their chemical characters, but also their antibacterial spectra. Umezawa and others found a simple method of differentiating the antibiotics and confirmed that the antibiotics produced by S. fradiae are different from streptomycin and streptothricin-group substances produced by otherr species. According to the above authors, streptothricin-group substances are the antibotics which are obtained from the broth of various kinds of streptomyces other than S. griseus, extracted by the streptothricin extraction process, and to which streptothricin-fast E. coli are more resistant than the normal culture. Among streptothricin-group substances the antibiotics produced by S. fradiaeare different from the others not, aonly in their bacteriostatic effects against B. anthracis and B. subtilis, but also in their toxicity. The antibiotics of S. fradiae inhibit the growth of B. antlhracis as well as that of B. subtilis, however, the latter is more sensitive to the other streptothricin-group substances than the former. The antibiotics of S. fradiae do not show the later appearing toxicity which is common to the others. Therefore Umezawa named the antibiotics of S. fradiae as streptothricin B and the others as streptothricin A. Thereafter be noticed that streptothricin B produced by a certain strain of S. fradiae is different from that by other strains in the ratio of bacteriostatic effects to the minimal lethal doses to mice and named the one which is more non-toxic as streptothricin BI and another as streptothricin BII.The antibiotics produced by S. fradiae were called as neomycin by Waksman, and thereafter neomycin A and B were differentiated. Streptothricin B seems to resemble neomycin. Both do not show the later appearing toxicity and inhibit widely grampositive and gram-negative bacteria. Neomycin inhibits the growth of streptomycinfast tubercle bacilli and the results of the experiments in vitro seemed to indicate the therapeutic effect against tuberculosis. Though the further clinical experiment could not confirm its practical use, the first animal experiment seems yet now to indicate some clinical usefulness. The chemical nature of streptothricin B is not yet definitely determined, therefore the relation to neomycin is not yet cleared. It will be cleared in other reports.Among antibiotics obtained from streptomyces, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, aureomycin and terramycin are clinically effective against gram-negative diseases. As chloramphenicol and streptomycin are produced, by the pilot plant of our laboratory, their bacteriostatic effects are also studied, being compared with those of streptothricin BI and BII. In the present paper their effects in vitro are described.
Protective potential of mokko lactone from Cheilocostus speciosus (J. Koenig) C.D.Specht (Costaceae) rhizomes against fulminant hepatic failure (2023)

Cheilocostus speciosus (Syn: Costus speciosus) (Crepe or spiral ginger) is one of the species of the family Costaceae that is widely used in various traditional medicines for treating various ailments. Mokko lactone (ML) belongs to the guaianolide family of sesquiterpenes, which has been separated from C. speciosus. It showed noticeable antiinflammation and antioxidative capacities. The current study explored the ML hepatoprotective potential against FHF (fulminant hepatic failure) in mice. FHF was successfully established using intraperitoneal injection of ?-galactosamine (?-GalN, 700 mg/kg)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 10 µg/kg) in male Swiss-albino mice. The mice were pretreated with ML (20 or 40 mg/kg, orally) daily for five days before D-GalN/LPS challenge. Eight hours after DGalN/LPS injection, serum and hepatic tissue were harvested for different biochemical, histologic grading, immunohistochemical, and ELISA analyses. The results have shown that d-GalN/LPS-induced massive hepatic damage that was evident through the tremendous increase in serum biochemical parameters: transaminases, ?-GT, and ALP, as well as deteriorated histopathological architecture of the liver. d-GalN/LPS created a state of oxidative damage in the hepatocytes as there was a significant rise in MDA level concurrently with depressed antioxidants as GSH (reduced glutathione), SOD (superoxide dismutase) activity, and TAC (total antioxidant capacity). Additionally, d-GalN/LPS activated NF-?B (nuclear factor kappa-B), resulting in an increase in the production of TNF- α , IL-6, and IL-1ß. Interestingly, all these changes were amended by ML pretreatment, indicating the potent hepatoprotective, antioxidant, and antiinflammatory efficacy of ML against d-GalN/LPS-induced FHF. These effects could be mediated through inhibition of NF-?B/downstream cytokine signaling. Hence, ML is suggested as new candidate for the treatment of FHF.
Large-scale fluid simulation using velocity-vorticity domain decomposition (2012)

Simulating fluids in large-scale scenes with appreciable quality using state-of-the-art methods can lead to high memory and compute requirements. Since memory requirements are proportional to the product of domain dimensions, simulation performance is limited by memory access, as solvers for elliptic problems are not compute-bound on modern systems. This is a significant concern for large-scale scenes. To reduce the memory footprint and memory/compute ratio, vortex singularity bases can be used. Though they form a compact bases for incompressible vector fields, robust and efficient modeling of nonrigid obstacles and free-surfaces can be challenging with these methods. We propose a hybrid domain decomposition approach that couples Eulerian velocity-based simulations with vortex singularity simulations. Our formulation reduces memory footprint by using smaller Eulerian domains with compact vortex bases, thereby improving the memory/compute ratio, and simulation performance by more than 1000x for single phase flows as well as significant improvements for free-surface scenes. Coupling these two heterogeneous methods also affords flexibility in using the most appropriate method for modeling different scene features, as well as allowing robust interaction of vortex methods with free-surfaces and nonrigid obstacles.
Chemical reactivity of potassium permanganate and diethyl pyrocarbonate with B DNA: specific reactivity with short A-tracts (1990)

We have examined the reactivity of B DNA with two chemical probes of DNA structure, potassium permanganate (KMnO4; thymine specific) and diethyl pyrocarbonate (DEPC; purine specific, A greater than G). The DNA probed is from the beta-lactamase promoter region of the vector pBR322, and from the 3' noncoding region of a chicken embryonic myosin heavy chain gene. The chemical probes display variable reactivity with the susceptible bases in these fragments, suggesting that modification of these bases by KMnO4 and DEPC is quite sequence dependent. In contrast, these probes react with the short A-tracts present in these DNA fragments in a reproducible fashion, generating two related patterns of reactivity. In the majority of the A-tracts, all but the 3'-terminal thymine are protected from KMnO4 attack, while DEPC reacts significantly with all but the 3'-terminal adenine of the A-tracts. Some A-tracts also display a very high DEPC reactivity at the adenine adjacent to the 3'-terminal unreactive adenine. Little qualitative difference in the KMnO4 reactivity of the A-tracts was found between 12 and 43 degrees C. However, at lower temperatures the elevated KMnO4 reactivity at the 3'-terminal A-tract thymine is sometimes lost. Raising the temperature of the KMnO4 reaction can cause relatively large increases in the reactivity of some single thymines, suggesting that significant local changes in stacking occur at these thymines at elevated temperatures. The data presented suggest that many short A-tracts embedded in long fragments of DNA can assume a number of related structures in solution, each of which possess distinct junctions with the flanking DNA. This result is consistent with high-resolution structural studies on oligonucleotides containing short A-tracts. The relevance of these results to current models of A-tract structure and DNA bending is discussed. Our data also indicate that KMnO4 and DEPC are potentially useful reagents for the study of sequence-dependent variations in B DNA structure.
ORAL INSULIN ENHANCES INTESTINAL ADAPTATION IN A RAT MODEL OF SHORT BOWEL SYNDROME (2005)

Background: Experimental studies have suggested that insulin plays an important role in small intestinal growth and development. In the present study we investigated the effect of oral insulin on a rat model of short bowel syndrome (SBS). Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three experimental groups: sham rats (n = 14) underwent bowel transection, SBS-rats (n = 13) underwent 75% small bowel resection, and SBS-INS rats (n = 13) underwent bowel resection and were treated with oral insulin given in drinking water from the third to 15th postoperative day. Parameters of intestinal adaptation (bowel and mucosal weight, mucosal DNA and protein, villus height and crypt depth), enterocyte proliferation and apoptosis were determined on day 15. Results: SBS-INS rats demonstrated a significant increase (vs. SBS) in jejunal (84 ± 5 vs. 71 ± 5 mg/cm/100 g, p < 0.05) and ileal (60 ± 3 vs. 43 ± 2 mg/cm/100g, p < 0.05) bowel weight, jejunal (33 ± 2 vs. 24 ± 2 mg/cm/100g, p < 0.05) and ileal (22 ± 1 vs. 14 ± 1 mg/cm/100g, p < 0.05) mucosal weight, ileal mucosal DNA (32 ± 5 vs. 18 ± 2 μg/cm/100g, p < 0.05) and protein (49 ± 4 vs 24 ± 2 μg/cm/100g, p < 0.05), ileal villus height (776 ± 44 vs. 672 ± 24μm, p < 0.05) and crypt depth (241 ± 8 vs 172 ± 11 μm, p < 0.05). SBS-INS rats also showed an increased cell proliferation index in jejunum and ileum and decreased apoptotic index in jejunum compared to SBS-animals. Conclusions: In a rat model of SBS, oral insulin strongly enhances intestinal adaptation. Possible mechanisms may include increased cell proliferation and decreased enterocyte loss via apoptosis.
Catalytic properties of the cloned amylase from Bacillus licheniformis. (1992)

A gene encoding a new amylolytic enzyme of Bacillus licheniformis (BLMA) has been cloned, and we characterized the enzyme expressed in Escherichia coli. The genomic DNA of B. licheniformis was double-digested with EcoRI and BamHI and ligated the pBR322. The transformed E. coli was selected by its amylolytic activity, which carries the recombinant plasmid pIJ322 containing a 3.5-kilobase fragment of B. licheniformis DNA. The purified enzyme encoded by pIJ322 was capable of hydrolyzing pullulan and cyclodextrin as well as starch. It was active over a pH range of 6-8 and its optimum temperature was 50 degrees C. The molecular weight of the enzyme was 64,000, and the isoelectric point was 5.4. It degraded soluble starch by cleaving maltose units preferentially but did not attack alpha-1,6-linkage. The enzyme also hydrolyzed pullulan to panose units exclusively. In the presence of glucose, however, it transferred the panosyl moiety to glucose with the formation of alpha-1,6-linkage. The specificity of transferring activity is evident from the result of the maltosyl-transferring reaction which produces isopanose from maltotriose and glucose. The molecular structure of the enzyme deduced from the nucleotide sequence of the clone maintains limited similarity in the conserved regions to the other amylolytic enzymes.
Technology development at the interface of proteome research and genomics: Mapping nonpolymorphic proteins on the physical map of mouse chromosomes (1999)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Materials and methods Results Discussion References