gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Coalition games for transmitter cooperation in wireless networks (2011)

Cooperation between rational users has emerged as a new networking paradigm to improve the performance of wireless networks. In this paper, transmitter cooperation between wireless nodes in a Gaussian multiple access channel is studied under the framework of coalitional game theory. The stability of the grand coalition, the coalition of all users, is studied by modeling the game in partition form, in contrast to previous approaches using characteristic form games, in scenarios with infinite and finite cooperation capacity between transmitters. In both cases, irrespective of the channel gains, the grand coalition is shown to be the sum rate optimal and stable, in the sense that users do not have any incentive to leave the coalition.
A pressure-driven flow analysis of gas trapping behavior in nanocomposite thermite films (2013)

This article is in direct response to a recently published article entitled Electrophoretic deposition and mechanistic studies of nano-Al/CuO thermites (K. T. Sullivan et al., J. Appl. Phys., 112(2), 2012), in which we introduced a non-dimensional parameter as the ratio of gas production to gas escape within a thin porous thermite film. In our original analysis, we had treated the problem as Fickian diffusion of gases through the porous network. However, we believe a more physical representation of the problem is to treat this as pressure-driven flow of gases in a porous medium. We offer a new derivation of the non-dimensional parameter which calculates gas velocity using the well-known Poiseuille's Law for pressure-driven flow in a pipe. This updated analysis incorporates the porosity, gas viscosity, and pressure gradient into the equation.
Data from Sex Differences in Cancer Driver Genes and Biomarkers (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Cancer differs significantly between men and women; even after adjusting for known epidemiologic risk factors, the sexes differ in incidence, outcome, and response to therapy. These differences occur in many but not all tumor types, and their origins remain largely unknown. Here, we compare somatic mutation profiles between tumors arising in men and in women. We discovered large differences in mutation density and sex biases in the frequency of mutation of specific genes; these differences may be associated with sex biases in DNA mismatch repair genes or microsatellite instability. Sex-biased genes include well-known drivers of cancer such as β-catenin and &lt;i&gt;BAP1&lt;/i&gt;. Sex influenced biomarkers of patient outcome, where different genes were associated with tumor aggression in each sex. These data call for increased study and consideration of the molecular role of sex in cancer etiology, progression, treatment, and personalized therapy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Significance:&lt;/b&gt; This study provides a comprehensive catalog of sex differences in somatic alterations, including in cancer driver genes, which influence prognostic biomarkers that predict patient outcome after definitive local therapy. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 78(19); 5527–37. ©2018 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Beyond Gastric Emptying: A "Toxic" Lesson About Gastroparesis (2008)

The first published controlled trial of intrapyloric botulinum toxin for gastroparesis failed to demonstrate a significant effect of treatment on symptoms, despite an improvement in gastric emptying. In this editorial, I discuss the limitations and implications of this study, with particular emphasis on what the use of botulinum toxin can teach us about the pathophysiology of gastroparesis and other gastrointestinal smooth muscle disorders.
Impact of Obesity and Alanine Aminotransferase Levels on the Diagnostic Accuracy for Advanced Liver Fibrosis of Noninvasive Tools in Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (2019)

All tested noninvasive tools have overall better NPV than PPV. LSM has a better diagnostic accuracy for advanced fibrosis than both FIB-4 and NFS only in nonobese and/or low ALT patients. Serial combination strategies are better than a single tool strategy, regardless of obesity and ALT levels, although the accuracy is lower in obese patients.
Influence of preformed α‐helix and α‐helix induction on the activity of cationic antimicrobial peptides (1998)

One prominent class of cationic antibacterial peptides comprises the alpha-helical class, which is unstructured in free solution but folds into an amphipathic alpha-helix upon insertion into the membranes of target cells. To investigate the importance of alpha-helicity and its induction on interaction with membranes, a series of peptides was constructed based on a hybrid of moth cecropin (amino acids 1-8) and bee melittin (amino acids 1-18) peptides. The new peptides were predicted to have a high tendency to form alpha-helices or to have preformed alpha-helices by virtue of construction of a lactam bridge between glutamate and lysine side-chains at positions i and i + 4 at various locations along the primary sequence. In two examples where the use of lactam bridge constraints induced and stabilized alpha-helical structure in benign (aqueous buffer) and/or hydrophobic medium, there was a decrease in antibacterial activity relative to the linear counterparts. Thus the preformation of alpha-helix in solution was not necessarily beneficial to antimicrobial activity. In the one case where the lactam bridge did result in increased antibacterial activity (lower minimal inhibitory concentration values) it did not increase alpha-helical content in benign or hydrophobic medium. Broadly speaking, good activity of the peptides against Pseudomonas aeruginosa correlated best (r2 = 0.88) with a helican parameter which was calculated as the induction of alpha-helix in a membrane-mimicking environment divided by the alpha-helix formation under benign conditions. Interestingly, the activity of the lactam bridge peptide constructs correlated in part with alterations in bacterial outer or cytoplasmic membrane permeability.
A Vertically Loaded Diamond Microdisk Resonator (VLDMoRt) towards a Scalable Quantum Network (2021)

We design and fabricate a vertically loaded diamond microdisk resonator (VLDMoRt) that enhances spin-photon entanglement generation and free-space fiber- matched coupling rate from quantum emitters.
Prospects for the Future (2002)

With close to 70 million people worldwide already infected with HIV and more than 20 million dead, AIDS has exacted and is continuing to exact a cruel toll on humanity. In the last of the four Viewpoints,
 Gallo and Montagnier
 look at the future prospects for controlling and eradicating AIDS worldwide.
Preclinical effects of APOE ε4 on cerebrospinal fluid Aβ42 concentrations (2017)

People possessing the APOE ε4 allele start to show a decrease in CSF Aβ42 concentration almost a decade before APOE ε4 noncarriers already in early middle age. Homozygous APOE ε4 carriers might deposit Aβ42 throughout the examined age span. These results suggest that there is an APOE ε4-dependent period of early alterations in amyloid homeostasis, when amyloid slowly accumulates, that several years later, together with other downstream pathological events such as tau pathology, translates into cognitive decline.
Influence of Concrete Material Ductility on Headed Anchor Pullout Performance (2009)

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Washout rate in rat brain irradiated by a11C beam after acetazolamide loading using a small single-ring OpenPET prototype (2016)

In dose verification techniques of particle therapies based on in-beam positron emission tomography (PET), the causes of washout of positron emitters by physiological effects should be clarified to correct washout for accurate verification. As well, the quantitative washout rate has a potential usefulness as a diagnostic index which should be explored. Therefore, we measured washout rates of rat brain after vasodilator acetazolamide loading to investigate the possible effects of blood flow on washout. Six rat brains were irradiated by a radioisotope (11)C beam and time activity curves on the whole brains were obtained with a small single-ring OpenPET prototype. Then, washout rates were calculated with the Mizuno model, where two washout rates (k 2m and k 2s ) were assumed, and a two-compartment model including efflux from tissue to blood (k 2) and influx (k 3) and efflux (k 4) between the two tissue compartments. Before the irradiations, we used laser-Doppler flowmetry to confirm that acetazolamide increased cerebral blood flow (CBF) of a rat. We compared means of k 2m , k 2s and k 2, k 3 and k 4 without acetazolamide loading (Rest) and with acetazolamide loading (ACZ). For all k values, ACZ values were lower than Rest values. In other words, though CBF increased, washout rates were decreased. This may be attributed to the implanted (11)C reacting to form (11)CO2. Because acetazolamide increased the concentration of CO2 in brain, suppressed diffusion of (11)CO2 and decomposition of (11)CO2 into ions were prevented.
Innovación y calidad: la construcción de los nuevos espacios rurales (2008)

[es] Los autores hablan de la consecuencia de la funcion representacional que tienen en las sociedades post-industriales los nuevos territorios rurales, analizando las consecuencias de su concepcion como recursos socioeconomicos que los convierten en ejes vertebradores de las politicas de desarrollo rural europeas.
Surgical experience with pancreatic and peripancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: review of 125 patients (1998)

Neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas and peripancreatic area are rare entities with a wide spectrum of clinical presentation. This study retrospectively reviews the patients who underwent surgery for these tumors at The Johns Hopkins Hospital from 1949 to 1996, inclusive There were 125 patients (65 males and 60 females) whose mean age was 51 +/- 1 years Fifty-eight patients (48%) had nonfunctional tumors, whereas 64 (52%) had functional tumors 35 (55%) insulinomas, 23 (36%) gastrmomas, three (5%) VIP-omas, two (3 %) glucagonomas, and one (1%) ACTHorna All patients with functional tumors presented with appropriate signs and symptoms of hormonal excess, 86% of patients with nonfunctional tumors presented with weight loss, abdominal pain, or jaundice Preoperaüve computed tomography (CT) correctly localized the tumor in 66 (76%) of 87 patients, angiography in 45 (58%) of 78 patients, and CT plus angiography in 54 (79%) of 68 patients Tumors were benign in 60 patients (48%), malignant m 65 patients (52%), and were located in the head, neck, or uncinate process of the pancreas in 54, body in 14, tail in 18, and duodenum in eight The most common operative procedures performed were 50 pancreaacoduodenectomies (40%), 39 distal pancreatectomies (31%), and 21 tumor enucleations (17%) Nine synchronous hepatic resections were performed for métastases Of the evaluable patients, 46 (43%) had postoperative complications, the most common of which were pancreatic fistula (16%), wound infection (15%), and delayed gastric emptying (8%) There were three in-hospital deaths (2 8%) With a mean follow-up of 55 +/-6 months, there have been 30 additional deaths, 23 of which were related to disease progression The overall 2-, 5-, and 10-year actuarial survival rates were 82%, 65%, and 47%, respectively The 5-year survival for patients with functional tumors was 77% compared to 52% for those with nonfunctional tumors (P = 0 025), the 5-year survival for patients with benign tumors was 91% compared to 49% for those with malignant tumors (P = 0 0004) By univanate analysis the most powerful predictor of poor outcome for patients with malignant tumors (n = 60) was positive surgiad margins (P = 0 006) This single-institution experience documents low mortality and moderate morbidity for patients treated operatively for pancreatic and penpancreaac neuroendocrine tumors The most favorable outcomes are observed in patients with benign functional tumors and in those with completely resected malignant tumors.
Nanometer focusing properties of Fresnel zone plates described by dynamical diffraction theory (2006)

The x-ray focusing properties of linear Fresnel zone plates have been derived by solving the Helmholtz equation for the field propagating through the zones. We consider the imaging of a point object into the first diffraction order of a volume zone plate having its zones parallel to the optical axis. For plane wave illumination, the focal spot size is limited by the same material-dependent but wavelength-independent value that affects waveguide focusing. In marked contrast, for the one-to-one imaging condition, corresponding to specular reflection of the x rays from the zone boundaries, the image is found to have a minimal spot size approximately equal to the outermost zone width. Unlike x-ray waveguides, zone plates therefore do not appear to possess a fundamental limit to the smallest spot size to which they can focus.
Data Mining as Selective Theory Extraction in Probabilistic Logic (1996)

ing from this specific example we are led to the following formulation of data mining problems in general: given a database r, a language L for expressing statements about the data, and a criterion for distinguishing interesting statements about the data from uninteresting ones, we want to find all the interesting statements true for r. Formally, this means finding the set ThI(L; r) = Th(L; r) &amp;quot; I(L; r); where Th(L; r) = f&amp;apos; 2 L j r j= &amp;apos;g is the set of sentences of L true in r, and I(L; r) ` L is the set of interesting formulas of L about r. This theory extraction formulation is either explicitly or implicitly used in a variety of data mining studies [MR86, DB93, Klo95, AMS + 96]. Its roots are in the use of diagrams of models in model theory. 1 It is based on the view that data mining is principally descriptive: the task is to obtain a collection of statements about the data. In the theory extraction formulation, there are two ways of delimiting the sentences that form the de...
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for generalised anxiety disorder: A pilot randomised, double-blind, sham-controlled trial (2016)

Findings provide preliminary evidence that rTMS may improve GAD symptoms in association with modifying neural activity in the stimulation site.
Interleukin 7 receptor engagement stimulates tyrosine phosphorylation, inositol phospholipid turnover, proliferation, and selective differentiation to the CD4 lineage by human fetal thymocytes. (1991)

The purposes of this study were to elucidate the effects of recombinant human interleukin 7 (rhIL-7) on proliferation as well as differentiation of human fetal thymocytes and to analyze the biochemical nature of the IL-7 receptor-linked transmembrane signal. In the absence of costimulants, rhIL-7 stimulated the in vitro proliferation and colony formation of CD4+CD8+ double-positive immature fetal thymocytes. Furthermore, rhIL-7 promoted partial differentiation of immature thymocytes with a selective advantage for the development of CD4+CD8- single-positive thymocytes. Our observations suggest that IL-7 likely has an important regulatory role during the earliest stages of human T-cell ontogeny. Stimulation of fetal thymocytes with rhIL-7 resulted in enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation of three distinct phosphoproteins with molecular masses of 72, 98, 123, and 190 kDa and induced a rapid and biphasic increase in the production of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, which was inhibitable by the tyrosine protein kinase inhibitor genistein. Thus, the transmembrane signal triggered by engagement of the IL-7 receptor is intimately linked to a functional tyrosine protein kinase pathway and stimulates the inositol phospholipid turnover and proliferation, as well as selective differentiation to the CD4 lineage, by human fetal thymocytes.
A new optical-based technique for real-time measurements of mineral dust concentration in PM 10 using a virtual impactor (2020)

Abstract. Atmospheric mineral dust influences Earth's radiative budget, cloud formation, and lifetime; has adverse health effects; and affects air quality through the increase of regulatory PM10 concentrations, making its real-time quantification in the atmosphere of strategic importance. Only few near-real-time techniques can discriminate dust aerosol in PM10 samples and they are based on the dust chemical composition. The online determination of mineral dust using aerosol absorption photometers offers an interesting and competitive alternative but remains a difficult task to achieve. This is particularly challenging when dust is mixed with black carbon, which features a much higher mass absorption cross section. We build on previous work using filter photometers and present here for the first time a highly time-resolved online technique for quantification of mineral dust concentration by coupling a high-flow virtual impactor (VI) sampler that concentrates coarse particles with an aerosol absorption photometer (Aethalometer, model AE33). The absorption of concentrated dust particles is obtained by subtracting the absorption of the submicron (PM1) aerosol fraction from the absorption of the virtual impactor sample (VI-PM1 method). This real-time method for detecting desert dust was tested in the field for a period of 2 months (April and May 2016) at a regional background site of Cyprus, in the Eastern Mediterranean. Several intense desert mineral dust events were observed during the field campaign with dust concentration in PM10 up to 45 µg m−3. Mineral dust was present most of the time during the campaign with an average PM10 of about 8 µg m−3. Mineral dust absorption was most prominent at short wavelengths, yielding an average mass absorption cross section (MAC) of 0.24±0.01 m2 g−1 at 370 nm and an absorption Ångström exponent of 1.41±0.29. This MAC value can be used as a site-specific parameter for online determination of mineral dust concentration. The uncertainty of the proposed method is discussed by comparing and validating it with different methods.
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of the TRAF domain of TRAF3 (2002)

Tumor necrosis factor receptors (TNFR) signal events in immune responses, Ig class switching, activation of NF-kappaB or regulation of apoptosis. TNFR-associated factors (TRAFs) are adaptor proteins that connect TNFRs to downstream signaling pathways, including the NF-kappaB and c-JUN N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathways. Members of the TRAF family exist as trimers and share a conserved TRAF domain that mediates binding to the cytoplasmic domains of TNFRs. The TRAF domain from TRAF3 has been crystallized. In addition, an N-terminally truncated form of the domain has been crystallized in space group P321 with a shortened c axis and markedly improved diffraction (2.5 A resolution).
Dispersion tailored non-PM and PM fibers for 2 microns ultrafast fiber lasers (Conference Presentation) (2017)

One of the current challenges towards the development of ultrafast 2 microns all-fiber laser systems delivering transform-limited pulses is to manage dispersion and nonlinearities which are well-known limiting factors in fiber-based systems due to their negative impact on pulse duration and shape. Here, we present what we believe to be, to the best of our knowledge, the first all-solid step-index dispersion tailored fiber designed with anomalous dispersion around 2 microns. This all-solid, step-index ultra-high numerical aperture (UHNA) fiber offers an efficient and simple alternative compared to existing approaches such as free-space optical systems or micro-structured fibers that are complex to manufacture and handle. The combination of highly Ge-doped core with a small core diameter allows tailoring the material and waveguide components of the dispersion to reach the anomalous dispersion required by the application. In this work, details will be provided using experimental and calculated values via the example of a non-PM UHNA fiber with 2.45 microns core and 0.34 NA. This fiber was designed to achieve anomalous dispersion of -45 ps/(nm.km) at 2 microns. It will be shown that the UHNA fiber design can be further tuned to achieve specific values of anomalous dispersion and dispersion slope. The fiber performances were confirmed using a 2 microns chirp-pulsed fiber amplifier where the pulse duration was measured at 24 ps and 4.3 ps without and with the UHNA fiber respectively. A PM-UHNA fiber design is currently being developed and will be characterized and tested following a similar fashion.
Computational modeling of continuum scale constitutive equations to improve biomass feedstock material handling and conveying systems (2018)

<b><sc>Abstract.</sc></b> Consistent handling and conveying bulk biomass is critical in reliable operations of facilities using size-reduced bulk biomass as raw material. Lack of a systematic tool to characterize and model biomass flow behavior results in excessive downtime due to irregular or problematic flow characteristics of the feed material. This study aims to address two major issues in handling and conveying biomass in the bulk solid form, i.e. initiating and sustaining of flow in auger or a screw feeder that are widely used in biomass conveying operation. These key issues of biomass conveying system design can be addressed with an accurate prediction of physical and mechanical conditions of biomass feedstock and its interaction with a feeding system that warrants initiating and sustaining of flow and desired throughput. Therefore, we are adapting constitutive models that precisely represents fundamental physics of a given problem and whose parameters have well defined physical meanings and characterization protocols. We are investigating continuum scale constitutive models that describe the pressure dependent strength and volume change of bulk solids as well as mechanical conditions causing continued flow of bulk biomass. These constitutive models account for high cohesiveness and biological variability of biomass feedstock. Based upon rational principles, such a constitutive model will help engineers accurately predict the behavior of the bulk biomass onset and during flow. This study will present which continuum scale constitutive models are found to be appropriate to model bulk biomass flow. This presentation will demonstrate how biomass flow problems can be predicted and mitigated by numerically modeled fundamental constitutive equations.
Photochromic Sol-Gel Films Containing Dithienylethene and Azobenzene Derivatives: From the Design of Optical Components to the Optical Data Storage (2000)

Abstract This work is devoted to photoresponsive hybrid organic-inorganic materials prepared by the sol-gel method, using dithienylethene or azobenzene as photosensitive chromophores. These photochromic units were covalently attached to the silica backbone as part of the main-chain and as a side group respectively. The electrocyclization of dithienylethene or the isomerization of azobenzene under irradiation cause local modifications of the optical properties of the host sol-gel polymers We took advantage of either high refractive index changes (>10−2) or material deformation of the sol-gel films to design optical components and to store information.
Efficient Evolutionary Optimization Using Individual-based Evolution Control and Neural Networks: A Comparative Study (2005)

Abstract. To reduce the number of expensive fitness function evaluations in evolutionary optimization, several individual-based and generation-based evolution control methods have been suggested. This paper compares four individual-based evolution control frameworks on three widely used test functions. Feedforward neural networks are employed for fitness estimation. Two conclusions can be drawn from our simulation results. First, the pre-selection strategy seems to be the most stable individual-based evolution control method. Second, structure optimization of neural networks mostly improves the performance of all compared algorithms. 1