gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photovoltaic activity of Ti/MCM‐41 (2008)

Ti/MCM-41 is a well-known heterogeneous catalyst for alkene epoxidation with organic peroxides. This titanosilicate contains isolated titanium atoms forming part of a framework of mesoporous silica whose structure is formed by parallel hexagonal channels 3.2 nm in diameter. The surface area and porosity of Ti/MCM-41 are about 880 m(2) g(-1) and 0.70 cm(3) g(-1), respectively. These values are among the highest for any material. Herein, we show that Ti/MCM-41 exhibits photovoltaic activity. Dye-sensitized solar cells using mesoporous Ti/MCM-41 (2.8-5.7 % Ti content) as active layer, black dye N3 as photosensitizer and I(3) (-)/I(-) in methoxyacetonitrile as electrolyte exhibit a V(OC), J(SC) and FF of 0.44 V, 0.045 mA cm(-2) and 0.33, respectively. These values compare well against 0.75 V, 4.1 mA cm(-2) and 0.64, respectively, measured for analogous solar cells using conventional P-25 TiO(2). However, the specific current density (J(SC)/Ti atom) for the Ti/MCM-41 is very similar to that of P25 TiO(2).
APEC, An A2-Selective Adenosine Agonist, is a More Potent Locomotor Depressant Than N6-Cyclohexyladenosine (1991)

Abstract The locomotor depressant effects of APEC are due to activation of central A2 adenosine receptors, while the depressant effects of NECA are dependent primarily on A1-receptor activation. A variety of potent A1-antagonists, including conjugates of the XAC, were screened as antagonists; 2-thio-CPX and CPT reversed effects of CHA, but not of APEC.
Blazed-grating couplers in unibond SOI (1999)

Grating couplers can be more efficient than end-fire coupling, in coupling light into a thin film waveguide. The aim of this work is to fabricate a low cost, highly efficient silicon waveguide grating coupler which is to be use data the telecommunication wavelength of 1.3 micrometers . Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) is chosen for fabricating the gratings as it is low cost using the exiting silicon technology. Unibond wafers were used because they offer flexibility in the choice of the thickness' of both the silicon film and the buried oxide layer, and they have low optical waveguide loss. The wafers used in this work have a Si film thickness of 1.14 &#956;m and a SiO<SUB>2</SUB> buried layer thickness of 0.67 &#956;m. Gratings that have asymmetrical profiles, such as blazed gratings are known to have higher directionality than the symmetrical rectangular gratings, and hence a higher output efficiency. Using perturbation theory, Si blazed gratings with an optimum grating height were predicted to have a maximum output efficiency of the order of 90% towards the substrate. The design and fabrication of the blazed gratings will be discussed in this paper.
Cathepsin B‐Specific Metabolic Precursor for In Vivo Tumor‐Specific Fluorescence Imaging (2016)

Recently, metabolic glycoengineering with bioorthogonal click reactions has focused on improving the tumor targeting efficiency of nanoparticles as delivery vehicles for anticancer drugs or imaging agents. It is the key technique for developing tumor-specific metabolic precursors that can generate unnatural glycans on the tumor-cell surface. A cathepsin B-specific cleavable substrate (KGRR) conjugated with triacetylated N-azidoacetyl-d-mannosamine (RR-S-Ac<sub>3</sub> ManNAz) was developed to enable tumor cells to generate unnatural glycans that contain azide groups. The generation of azide groups on the tumor cell surface was exogenously and specifically controlled by the amount of RR-S-Ac<sub>3</sub> ManNAz that was fed to target tumor cells. Moreover, unnatural glycans on the tumor cell surface were conjugated with near infrared fluorescence (NIRF) dye-labeled molecules by a bioorthogonal click reaction in cell cultures and in tumor-bearing mice. Therefore, our RR-S-Ac<sub>3</sub> ManNAz is promising for research in tumor-specific imaging or drug delivery.
Cell Wall Modifications in Maize Pulvini in Response to Gravitational Stress (2011)

Changes in cell wall polysaccharides, transcript abundance, metabolite profiles, and hormone concentrations were monitored in the upper and lower regions of maize (Zea mays) pulvini in response to gravistimulation, during which maize plants placed in a horizontal position returned to the vertical orientation. Heteroxylan levels increased in the lower regions of the pulvini, together with lignin, but xyloglucans and heteromannan contents decreased. The degree of substitution of heteroxylan with arabinofuranosyl residues decreased in the lower pulvini, which exhibited increased mechanical strength as the plants returned to the vertical position. Few or no changes in noncellulosic wall polysaccharides could be detected on the upper side of the pulvinus, and crystalline cellulose content remained essentially constant in both the upper and lower pulvinus. Microarray analyses showed that spatial and temporal changes in transcript profiles were consistent with the changes in wall composition that were observed in the lower regions of the pulvinus. In addition, the microarray analyses indicated that metabolic pathways leading to the biosynthesis of phytohormones were differentially activated in the upper and lower regions of the pulvinus in response to gravistimulation. Metabolite profiles and measured hormone concentrations were consistent with the microarray data, insofar as auxin, physiologically active gibberellic acid, and metabolites potentially involved in lignin biosynthesis increased in the elongating cells of the lower pulvinus.
Effects of intrathecal injection of a hyperpolarization‐activated channel (I h ) inhibitor ZD7288 on bladder function in urethane‐anesthetized rats (2008)

These results indicate that I(h) channels play an important role in the control of micturition. Because I(h) channel inhibition in the lumbosacral spinal cord reduced the frequency of the micturition reflex without significantly affecting the amplitude of reflex bladder contraction, I(h) channels might preferentially be involved in afferent processing in the spinal cord to control the micturition reflex.
Loading effects on saliency based sensorless control of PMSMs (2009)

The advantages of operating a permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) without a position sensor are many and are well known. In this paper the self sensing performance of two off the shelf industrial PMSMs and an aerospace PMSM will be compared for their sensorless control properties. The properties of the main modulating tracking saliency will be investigated as a function of load. The machines will then be tested on a sensorless control rig to validate the modeling results.
OPTIMIZATION AND SIMULATION ALGORITHMS FOR THE SOUND DESIGN OF LABIAL ORGAN PIPES (2012)

In the present contribution optimization and simulation methods are investigated in order to attain optimal scaling of labial organ pipes. The goal is to determine the optimal dimensions of the pipe, by which a desired steady state sound spectrum can be achieved. By modifying the geometry of the pipe body, the eigenfrequencies of the acoustic resonator can be tuned in order to amplify or repress given harmonic partials in the pipe sound. Since the dependence of the eigenfrequencies on the pipe dimensions is quite complex, obtaining the optimal scaling parameters is not trivial. To overcome this difficulty two alternative approaches are suggested and examined. In case of simple pipe forms, such as chimney pipes, the transfer (input admittance) function and the eigenfrequencies of the pipe are calculated by means of a one-dimensional model. However, when the pipe geometry is irregular (e.g. pipes with tuning slot) constructing a simple pipe model is not trivial. Therefore, numerical (finite/boundary element) methods are applied in order to predict the transfer function. These modeling techniques serve as guidelines in the development of an optimization algorithm. The usefulness and applicability of the methodology are proven by validation measurements performed on pipes built with optimized dimensions.
Using sonar technology for flowmeter applications (2004)

Developed and field proven in the oil and gas production industry over the last five years, SONAR based flow measurement technology provides robust, accurate volumetric flow rate measurement for a broad range of process fluids, slurries, pipes sizes and flow conditions. The sonar-based flowmeter utilises an array of sensors, aligned axially along the pipe, to characterise and interpret naturally occurring, unsteady pressure fields within process piping. The technique - first introduced into the oil and gas industry for use in downhole multiphase flow metering applications - was specifically developed for multiphase flows, but handles single phase flows equally well. With sonar, there are two approaches used to determine volumetric flow rates.
Towards a general three dimensional model for capillary nanobridges and capillary forces (2006)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Investigation on Electrochemical Interface between Li[sub 4]Ti[sub 5]O[sub 12] and Li[sub 1+x]Al[sub x]Ti[sub 2−x](PO[sub 4])[sub 3] NASICON-Type Solid Electrolyte (2005)

An interface consisting of film electrode and -based NASICON (sodium superionic conductor)-type solid electrolyte (LTP) was prepared by a sol-gel coating method. The prepared solid-solid electrochemical interface was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic discharge-charge test, and ac impedance method. The measured impedance of the interface between and LTP was about , and compressed semicircles were observed at all electrode potentials, indicating a presence of potential distribution at the electrochemical interface due to poor solid-solid contact between and LTP. In cyclic voltammograms of this electrochemical interface, a highly reversible sharp redox peak was observed at around . From discharge-charge tests, thin-film electrode on LTP showed high reversibility during discharge and charge cycles, and it exhibited discharge capacities of at rate and at rate, respectively.
Stimulation of lipolysis in cultured fat cells by tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, and the interferons is blocked by inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. (1992)

Multiple cytokines induce a number of alterations in lipid metabolism which can produce hyperlipidemia. Recent studies have demonstrated that tumor necrosis factor (TNF) increases lipolysis, resulting in an increase in circulating FFA levels, which stimulates hepatic triglyceride production, thereby contributing to the hyperlipidemia induced by TNF. In the present investigation we have determined the effects of a variety of cytokines on lipolysis in cultured 3T3-F442A adipocytes. TNF increased lipolysis approximately 3-fold with a maximal effect at 100 ng/ml and a half-maximal increase at 5-10 ng/ml. This increase was first observed 8 h after incubation with TNF. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) and interferon-alpha (IFN), -beta, and -gamma also stimulated lipolysis in cultured adipocytes. The half-maximal increase in lipolysis occurred at approximately 10 ng/ml IL-1, 5 ng/ml IFN alpha, 10 ng/ml IFN beta, and 8 ng/ml of IFN gamma. Maximal lipolysis was observed at approximately 100 ng/ml for each of these cytokines, with the exception of IFN beta, for which maximal stimulation was observed at 1000 ng/ml. Neither platelet-activating factor nor IL-6 stimulated lipolysis; therefore, it is unlikely that these compounds mediate the increase in lipolysis induced by cytokines. However, indomethacin, a well known inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis, prevented the increase in lipolysis induced by TNF, IL-1, IFN alpha, IFN beta, or IFN gamma. Indomethacin did not affect basal lipolysis or the acute stimulation of lipolysis induced by epinephrine. These results demonstrate that multiple cytokines can increase lipolysis and that this increase is mediated by cytokine-induced stimulation of prostaglandin synthesis.
The use of urinary proteomics in the assessment of suitability of mouse models for ageing (2017)

Ageing is a complex process characterised by a systemic and progressive deterioration of biological functions. As ageing is associated with an increased prevalence of age-related chronic disorders, understanding its underlying molecular mechanisms can pave the way for therapeutic interventions and managing complications. Animal models such as mice are commonly used in ageing research as they have a shorter lifespan in comparison to humans and are also genetically close to humans. To assess the translatability of mouse ageing to human ageing, the urinary proteome in 89 wild-type (C57BL/6) mice aged between 8-96 weeks was investigated using capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry (CE-MS). Using age as a continuous variable, 295 peptides significantly correlated with age in mice were identified. To investigate the relevance of using mouse models in human ageing studies, a comparison was performed with a previous correlation analysis using 1227 healthy subjects. In mice and humans, a decrease in urinary excretion of fibrillar collagens and an increase of uromodulin fragments was observed with advanced age. Of the 295 peptides correlating with age, 49 had a strong homology to the respective human age-related peptides. These ortholog peptides including several collagen (N = 44) and uromodulin (N = 5) fragments were used to generate an ageing classifier that was able to discriminate the age among both wild-type mice and healthy subjects. Additionally, the ageing classifier depicted that telomerase knock-out mice were older than their chronological age. Hence, with a focus on ortholog urinary peptides mouse ageing can be translated to human ageing.
Crystallographic fragment screening-based study of a novel FAD-dependent oxidoreductase from Chaetomium thermophilum (2021)

The FAD-dependent oxidoreductase from Chaetomium thermophilum (CtFDO) is a novel thermostable glycoprotein from the glucose-methanol-choline (GMC) oxidoreductase superfamily. However, CtFDO shows no activity toward the typical substrates of the family and high-throughput screening with around 1000 compounds did not yield any strongly reacting substrate. Therefore, protein crystallography, including crystallographic fragment screening, with 42 fragments and 37 other compounds was used to describe the ligand-binding sites of CtFDO and to characterize the nature of its substrate. The structure of CtFDO reveals an unusually wide-open solvent-accessible active-site pocket with a unique His-Ser amino-acid pair putatively involved in enzyme catalysis. A series of six crystal structures of CtFDO complexes revealed five different subsites for the binding of aryl moieties inside the active-site pocket and conformational flexibility of the interacting amino acids when adapting to a particular ligand. The protein is capable of binding complex polyaromatic substrates of molecular weight greater than 500 Da.
Gene co-expression network analysis of the human gut commensal bacterium Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in R-Shiny (2022)

Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is abundant in the healthy human intestinal microbiota, and the absence or scarcity of this bacterium has been linked with inflammatory diseases and metabolic disorders. F. prausnitzii thus shows promise as a next-generation probiotic for use in restoring the balance of the gut microbial flora and, due to its strong anti-inflammatory properties, for the treatment of certain pathological conditions. However, very little information is available about gene function and regulation in this species. Here, we utilized a systems biology approach-weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA)-to analyze gene expression in three publicly available RNAseq datasets from F. prausnitzii strain A2-165, all obtained in different laboratory conditions. The co-expression network was then subdivided into 24 co-expression gene modules. A subsequent enrichment analysis revealed that these modules are associated with different kinds of biological processes, such as arginine, histidine, cobalamin, or fatty acid metabolism as well as bacteriophage function, molecular chaperones, stress response, or SOS response. Some genes appeared to be associated with mechanisms of protection against oxidative stress and could be essential for F. prausnitzii's adaptation and survival under anaerobic laboratory conditions. Hub and bottleneck genes were identified by analyses of intramodular connectivity and betweenness, respectively; this highlighted the high connectivity of genes located on mobile genetic elements, which could promote the genetic evolution of F. prausnitzii within its ecological niche. This study provides the first exploration of the complex regulatory networks in F. prausnitzii, and all of the "omics" data are available online for exploration through a graphical interface at https://shiny.migale.inrae.fr/app/faeprau.
Preoperative lymph node staging of early‐stage cervical carcinoma by [ 18 F]‐fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose–positron emission tomography (2005)

Pathologic validation of PET imaging demonstrated a low sensitivity and a high specificity for PET in patients with early-stage cervical carcinoma.
SWNTs synthesized in external magnetic field (2001)

This paper describes the results of the synthesis of SWNTs in weak and strong DC magnetic fields. In weak magnetic fields with the maximum intensity of 0.5 T, SWNTs were synthesized only when the applied field was parallel to the current direction. These samples consisted of tubes with a diameter as small as about 0.9 nm. Furthermore, the metal particles were smaller compared to zero field case. On the other hand, at strong magnetic fields with the maximum intensity of 2 T, the yield decreased with increasing magnetic field strengths for the arc discharge current of 70 A. This was believed due to forced convection caused by the temperature rise in the anode resulting from higher current densities due to Lorentz force acting on charged particles non-parallel to the magnetic field direction.
Influence of extinction ratio of clock modulator on dispersion tolerance of carrier suppressed return to zero signals (2002)

We have demonstrated the dependence of dispersion tolerance on extinction ratio of the clock modulator in conventional CS-RZ modulators. We have also proposed a new configuration for CS-RZ modulator, which uses a notch filter to suppress the residual carrier component of the signal. With this configuration the effect of extinction ratio on dispersion tolerance is reduced and we can use modulators with extinction ratios of 10 dB to achieve dispersion tolerance comparable to that obtained with the conventional scheme having a high extinction ratio of clock modulator.
Structure determination of murine mitochondrial carbonic anhydrase V at 2.45-A resolution: implications for catalytic proton transfer and inhibitor design. (1995)

The three-dimensional structure of murine mitochondrial carbonic anhydrase V has been determined and refined at 2.45-A resolution (crystallographic R factor = 0.187). Significant structural differences unique to the active site of carbonic anhydrase V are responsible for differences in the mechanism of catalytic proton transfer as compared with other carbonic anhydrase isozymes. In the prototypical isozyme, carbonic anhydrase II, catalytic proton transfer occurs via the shuttle group His-64; carbonic anhydrase V has Tyr-64, which is not an efficient proton shuttle due in part to the bulky adjacent side chain of Phe-65. Based on analysis of the structure of carbonic anhydrase V, we speculate that Tyr-131 may participate in proton transfer due to its proximity to zinc-bound solvent, its solvent accessibility, and its electrostatic environment in the protein structure. Finally, the design of isozyme-specific inhibitors is discussed in view of the complex between carbonic anhydrase V and acetazolamide, a transition-state analogue. Such inhibitors may be physiologically important in the regulation of blood glucose levels.
Differential Effects of Testosterone, Thyroxine, and Cortisol on Rat Submandibular Gland Versus Renal Kallikrein* (1983)

The effects of 17 alpha-methyltestosterone (T alpha), T4, or cortisol (F) on tissue kallikrein in the rat submandibular gland and renal cortex were measured. Castrated male or normal female Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with T alpha or T4 for 2 weeks. In addition, F, T alpha, or T4 was given to adrenalectomized female rats for 2 weeks. In the submandibular glands of male rats, castration resulted in a significant reduction of both kallikrein-like alpha-N-tosyl-L-arginine methyl ester (Tos-Arg-OMe) esterase activity and immunoreactive kallikrein content. Treatment with T alpha or administration of T4 significantly increased Tos-Arg-OMe esterase activity and immunoreactive kallikrein over that in the castrated rats receiving vehicle. Both the Tos-Arg-OMe esterase activity and kallikrein content of the submandibular glands of normal female rats were increased significantly by T alpha or T4. However, T alpha or T4 either significantly reduced or had no effect on renal Tos-Arg-OMe esterase activity or kallikrein content in castrated male or normal female rats. Adrenalectomy had no effect on submandibular gland Tos-Arg-OMe esterase activity and kallikrein content in the female rat, but F or T alpha significantly increased submandibular gland Tos-Arg-OMe esterase activity and kallikrein content. These adrenalectomized female rats showed a marked increase in renal cortical Tos-Arg-OMe esterase activity and kallikrein content, and F, T alpha, or T4 markedly decreased both esterase activity and immunoreactivity. These data show that T alpha, T4, and F modulate both kallikrein-like activity and quantity, but in a generally opposite way in the rat submandibular gland vs. the kidney.
Front Matter (2023)

No AccessApr 2023Front MatterAuthors/Editors: Erik Feyen, Harish Natarajan, and Matthew SaalErik Feyen, Harish Natarajan, and Matthew Saalhttps://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-1914-8_fmAboutView ChaptersFull TextPDF (0.5 MB) ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareFacebookTwitterLinked In Next chapter FiguresreferencesRecommendeddetails View Published: April 2023 ISBN: 978-1-4648-1914-8 e-ISBN: 978-1-4648-1915-5 Copyright & Permissions PDF DownloadLoading ...