gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A new framework for teaching the art of general practice consultation to registrars and supervised doctors (2022)

The model for consultation presented articulates a structure of 10 components. The model can be the basis for teaching registrars and supervised doctors how to better structure their consultations. Later, it can be the basis for analysis and critique of reviewed consultations. While the model was developed for the face-to-face context, this article also includes recommendations for how the framework may be adopted for telehealth consultations.
Antireflection surface-relief gratings on dielectric and lossy substrates (1987)

Zero reflectivity (unity transmissivity) surfaces on materials are useful for eliminating unwanted reflections. If the substrate is lossy and sufficiently thick, the incident radiation is totally absorbed. Using an impedance matching approach, the filling factor and groove depth of a rectangular-groove grating to produce zero reflectivity are calculated for lossless (dielectric) and lossy (metallic) substrates. These gratings are equivalent to a single homogeneous layer in the long-wavelength limit. The analysis is applicable to both TE and TM polarization and any angle of incidence. The antireflection behavior is verified for the gratings using the rigorous (without approximations) coupled-wave analysis of grating diffraction. Example zero-reflectivity gold gratings for an incident free space wavelength in the 0.44-12.0- μ m range are presented.
Self-Assembly of a Twin Liquid Crystalline Complex through Intermolecular Hydrogen Bondings (1990)

Abstract A new type of twin liquid crystalline complex having two terminal mesogenic units and a central flexible spacer has been formed through intermolecular hydrogen bonds between a nonmesogenic aliphatic diacid and mesogenic stilbazoles.
Conformational Analysis of the Cyclic Pentadepsipeptide Cyclo(Tro‐Aib‐Aib‐Aib‐Aib) in the Solid State and in Solution (2001)

The cyclic 16-membered pentadepsipeptide cyclo(Tro-Aib-Aib-Aib-Aib) (1) was crystallized from MeOH/AcOEt/CH2Cl2, and its structure was established by X-ray crystallography (Fig. 1). There are two symmetry-independent molecules with different conformations in the asymmetric unit. Two intramolecular H-bonds stabilize two β-turns in each molecule. On the other hand, two of the four Aib residues are forced to assume a nonfavorable nonhelical conformation in each of the symmetry-independent molecules (Table 1). The conformational study in CDCl3 solution by NMR spectroscopy and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations indicate that the averaged structure (Fig. 3) is almost the same as in the solid state.
Monochromator Designs With Aberration Corrected Gratings (1980)

A series of Seya-Namioka monochromators using concave aberration corrected holographic gratings have been designed to cover the spectrum from 180-900 nm. This broad wavelength range (4.5 octaves) severely tests the aberration correction ability of this monochromator All holographic Seya-Namioka monochromators displayed severe loss of resolution at one or both ends of the spectrum. Over this wavelength range, when compared at equal f/4, the Littrow and Czerny-Turner monochromators outperform the holographic Seya-Namioka mono-chromator for resolution specifications less than 0.6 nm.
Segmented block copolymers of natural rubber and bisphenol A-toluene diisocyanate oligomers (1999)

Segmented block copolymers were synthesized from hydroxyl-terminated liquid natural rubber and polyurethane oligomers based on Bisphenol A and toluene diisocyanate by one-shot and two-shot processes in solution. Structural features were characterized by infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analysis. The spectra of the one-shot materials were identical with those of the two-shot materials, indicating their chemical identity. The soft segment Tg was well defined and almost invariant around −64°C, but the hard segment Tg varied from 75 to 105°C as the hard segment content increased from 30 to 60 wt %. Two relaxation temperatures were observed for each sample in dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). These observations and the two-stage thermal decomposition by random nucleation mechanism, as investigated in thermogravimetric analysis unambiguously confirmed complete phase segregation in these materials. The scanning electron microscopy and optical micrographs showed well-defined domains dispersed in a matrix, indicating the two-phase morphology. Systematic changes in hardness and tensile properties with hard segment content were also observed. The samples behaved like soft elastomers at lower hard segment content, toughened plastics at high hard segment content, and rigid elastomers at intermediate compositions. Variations in hardness and tear strength were consistent with this behavior. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 74: 706–721, 1999
Segmental Ulcerated Perineal Hemangioma of Infancy: A Complex Case of PELVIS Syndrome Successfully Treated Using a Multidisciplinary Approach (2012)

We report a case of PELVIS (perineal hemangioma, external genital malformations, lipomyelomeningocele, vesicorenal abnormalities, imperforate anus and skin tag) syndrome in which hemangioma in the perineal area was misdiagnosed at birth as diaper rash. Investigations revealed associated vesicorenal and spinal abnormalities. We emphasize careful diagnosis of suspicious lesions at birth and confirm the successful use of propranolol in treating ulcerated segmental hemangiomas.
Efficiency Boosting of Surfactants with Poly(ethylene oxide)-Poly(alkyl glycidyl ether)s: A New Class of Amphiphilic Polymers (2020)

Twenty years ago, it was found that adding small amounts of amphiphilic block copolymers like poly(ethylene propylene)-<i>co</i>-poly(ethylene oxide) (PEP-<i>b</i>-PEO) to microemulsion systems strongly increases the efficiency of medium-chain surfactants to solubilize water and oil. Although being predestined to serve as a milestone in microemulsion research, the effect has only scarcely found its way into applications. In this work, we propose new types of efficiency boosters, namely, poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(alkyl glycidyl ether carbonate)s (PEO-<i>b</i>-PAlkGE) and their "carbonated" poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(carbonate alkyl glycidyl ether) analogs. Their synthesis via anionic ring-opening polymerization (AROP) from commercially available long-chain alkyl glycidyl ethers (AlkGE) and monomethoxypoly(ethylene glycol)s as macroinitiators can be performed at low cost and on a large scale. We demonstrate that these new PEO-<i>b</i>-PAlkGE copolymers with dodecyl and hexadecyl side chains in the nonpolar block strongly increase the efficiency of both pure and technical-grade <i>n</i>-alkyl polyglycol ether surfactants to form microemulsions containing pure <i>n</i>-alkanes or even technical-grade waxes, a result that could be of interest for industrial applications where reduced surfactant needs would have significant economic and ecological implications. For <i>n</i>-decane microemulsions, the boosting effect of PEO-<i>b</i>-PAlkGE and PEP-<i>b</i>-PEO polymers can be scaled on top of each other, when plotting the efficiency semilogarithmically versus the polymeric coverage of the amphiphilic film. Interestingly, a somewhat different scaling behavior was observed for <i>n</i>-octacosane microemulsions at elevated temperatures, suggesting that the polymers show less self-avoidance and rather behave as almost ideal chains. A similar trend was found for the increase of the bending rigidity κ upon polymeric coverage of the amphiphilic film, which was obtained from the analysis of small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements.
Identifying top performing TF*IDF classifiers using the CNN corpus (2017)

TF*IDF (term frequency times inverse document frequency) is a common metric used to automatically discover keywords in documents for use in classification and other text processing applications. We are interested in determining whether these measures can help in classifying documents. There are multiple ways to define TF*IDF, but there has been no real attempt to determine the value of these different forms. We explore a large family of 112 TF*IDF measures (corresponding to an a priori estimate of 20 degrees of freedom among these measures) applied to 588 CNN articles belonging in 12 classes such as Business, Sport, and World. We postulate that at least some sets of these measures must be effective for classification. The goal is to use a set of TF*IDF measures that best match the a priori classifications by CNN. We also show that by combining the results of a few wellperforming TF*IDF measures can increase classification results.
Isolation and Characterization of a 60 kDa 2,4-D-Binding Protein from the Shoot Apices of Peach Trees (Prunus persica L.); It Is a Homologue of Protein Disulfide Isomerase (2000)

To obtain a candidate auxin-binding protein (ABP), a soluble 60 kDa protein was isolated from an extract of shoot apices of peach trees (Prunus persica L.) by affinity chromatography on a 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)-linked Sepharose4B column. The 60 kDa polypeptide, designated Pp60, was purified as a single band on SDS-PAGE by column chromatography. Its dissociation constant (Kd) for [14C]-2,4-D was calculated to be 3.5 x 10(-5) M. The binding of Pp60 for [14C]-2,4-D was inhibited by naphthalene-1-acetic acid (NAA) and p-chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid (PCIB) as well as 2,4-D. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) had little effect on the binding. These results suggested that Pp60 is a protein that has an affinity for 2,4-D, NAA, and PCIB in vitro. The partial amino acid sequences of Pp60 showed high homology to those of protein disulfide isomerase (EC 5.3.4.1). Immunoblot analysis demonstrated that Pp60 exists ubiquitously in shoots and leaves. In fruit, expression of Pp60 is restricted at an early stage of development.
Imaging of the thoracic and thoracoabdominal aorta. (2000)

Surgical and endovascular treatment of aortic diseases greatly depends on accurate preoperative imaging. Furthermore, intraoperative assessment of endovascular device placement requires exact delineation of the aortic pathology and landmarks on which surgical strategies are based. This article describes the technical considerations of computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance angiography, and spinal computed tomography angiography as well as the clinical implementation.
Transcriptional Inhibition of the Interleukin-8 Gene by Interferon Is Mediated by the NF-κB Site (1994)

The cytokine interleukin-8 (IL-8) is an important mediator of neutrophil, lymphocyte, and basophil chemotaxis and activation. Earlier we demonstrated that beta interferon (IFN-beta) can inhibit tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced IL-8 gene expression at the transcriptional level, apparently by a novel mechanism. To define the cis-acting elements and trans-acting factors involved in this inhibition, DNA constructs containing portions of the 5'-flanking region of the IL-8 gene were linked to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter gene and transfected into human diploid FS-4 fibroblasts. The region spanning positions -98 to +44 was sufficient to confer both inducibility by TNF and inhibition by simultaneous treatment with IFN-beta. Inhibition of TNF- or IL-1-induced CAT activity by IFN-beta or IFN-alpha was also observed when a DNA fragment containing only the NF-IL-6 and NF-kappa B sites (positions -94 to -70) was placed upstream of the homologous or a heterologous minimal promoter. A construct containing three copies of the NF-kappa B element in front of the CAT gene also was inducible by TNF, and this stimulatory effect too was inhibited by IFN-beta, indicating that the NF-kappa B element is sufficient to confer inhibition by IFN-beta. This inhibitory effect was specific for the NF-kappa B site of the IL-8 gene since it was less marked with constructs containing three copies of the NF-kappa B site from the HLA-B7 gene. Gel shift assays with a probe containing the NF-kappa B and NF-IL-6 binding sites of the IL-8 gene (positions -101 to -63) showed that IFN-beta treatment did not block the activation of NF-kappa B proteins or their ability to bind to the NF-kappa B site. However, nuclear extracts from cells treated with TNF in the presence of IFN-beta gave rise to an additional band that appears to contain protein components from the NF-kappa B and NF-IL-6 families. NF-kappa B site-mediated suppression of IL-8 gene expression by IFN-beta represents a hitherto unknown mechanism and target of IFN action.
Targeting Myeloproliferative Diseases with JAK2 Inhibitors. (2007)

Abstract Limited options provided by the current standard of care for the patients suffering from myeloproliferative diseases (MPDs) prompted an extensive search for the underlying molecular mechanisms of these disorders. Recent discovery of a single activating mutation (V617F) in JAK2 kinase gene associated with the development of the polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET) and chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis (CIMF) opened up a possibility to develop highly targeted therapies against these debilitating ailments. To that end, we engineered cytokine-independent Ba/F3 cell line expressing the V617F mutant of JAK2 to screen a focused small molecule library for potential inhibitors of JAK2 V617F -dependent proliferation. We confirmed the ability of hit compounds to inhibit proliferation of JAK2-dependent tumor cell lines using UKE-1 and SET-2 cells carrying the V617F JAK2 mutation. A FACS-based phosphoSTAT5 assay was then used to demonstrate that the hits directly targeted mutant JAK2. JAK3 activity of each compound was evaluated in IL-2-dependent CTLL-2 cell line using phosphoSTAT5 FACS and proliferation assays. To avoid hits with nonspecific antiproliferative activity, the hits were tested in JAK2-independent MOLT4, A549 and H1299 cell lines. Compound hits with the desirable properties were further evaluated for their ability to inhibit JAK2, JAK3 and other kinases in the context of T cell, B cell, or mast cell activation using a variety of cell-based assays as well as in the in vitro biochemical assays. We identified a number of compounds that potently inhibit growth of the two V617F mutant cell lines with EC50s varying from 20 to 500 nM, but do not affect proliferation of control cell lines MOLT4, A549 and H1299 to the same degree. These compounds induce strong and highly specific suppression of STAT5 phosphorylation with IC50s of 10 to 200 nM in SET-2 and V617F JAK2 expressing Ba/F3 cells. One of the hits with the desirable biological and pharmacokinetic profiles was further evaluated in V617F JAK2 Ba/F3 engraftment mouse model where it demonstrated significant extension of survival at 150 and 200 mg/kg bid. Such potent JAK2 inhibitors could become the basis for the next generation of compounds targeting JAK2-dependent myeloproliferative diseases.
[Smoking relapse rate and influencing factors in smokers aged 15 years and above in China]. (2022)

<b>Objective:</b> To describe the relapse status of smokers aged ≥15 years in China, and investigate the main factors influencing their relapse behavior. <b>Methods:</b> The data of this study cames from the 2018 China Adult Tobacco Survey, covering 400 committees or villages in 200 districts or counties in 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) of China. The relevant data of smoking and relapsing in residents aged ≥15 years were collected by face-to-face interview. Software SAS 9.4 was used to clean and analyze the data, and logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors for relapse rate. <b>Results:</b> A total of 19 376 questionnaires were completed, with a response rate of 91.50%. In 2018, 66.05% of smokers aged ≥15 years in China had smoking relapse, in whom 66.59% were males and 55.79% were females. In all age groups, the age group 15-24 years had the highest smoking relapse rate (82.63%). Multivariate analysis showed that the younger age 15-24 years (<i>OR</i>=4.618,95%<i>CI</i>:1.981-10.763), e-cigarette use (<i>OR</i>=9.782,95%<i>CI</i>:3.139-30.490), and tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship in the past 30 days (<i>OR</i>=1.710,95%<i>CI</i>:1.291-2.265) were associated with higher smoking relapse rate. Compared with people who were allowed smoking at home or those without smoking limit, the smoking relapse rate in people who were not allowed to smoke at home (<i>OR</i>=0.562, 95%<i>CI</i>: 0.439-0.719) or those with smoking limit (<i>OR</i>=0.487, 95%<i>CI</i>: 0.366-0.647) was lower. <b>Conclusion:</b> The smoking relapse rate in Chinese smokers is high, especially in young people. It is suggested to conduct targeted intervention based on the results of this study to reduce the smoking relapse rate and help achieve the smoking control goal in Healthy China 2030.
Development of a bi-modality XCT: fDOT instrument (2010)

We present first results of a fluorescence optical diffusion tomography experiment coupled to a X-ray computed tomography reconstruction. An instrument, dedicated to the co-registration of optical and X-ray measurements, has been developed: specific acquisition protocol and reconstruction software have been developed for carrying out fluorescence diffuse optical tomography in a cylindrical geometry consistent with X-ray tomography. Actual animal geometry provided by the X-ray tomography is used to give animal boundaries to the diffuse optical tomography reconstruction algorithm. Experiments have been conducted on sacrificed mice and fluorescence reconstructions have been evaluated and are geometrically consistent with X-ray ones.
Material Issues in Layered Forming (2018)

A brief overview of key issues in layered thermal processing is given. Incremental sintering&#13;\nand layered fusion ofpowder and molten droplets are discussed. The criteria for remelting the solid&#13;\nsubstrate are derivedfrom a one dimensional heat transfer model. Temperature gradients which&#13;\noccur during solidification and subsequent cooling. are responsible for the build up of internal&#13;\nstresses which can be estimated through establishing an elastic beam model. The difficulties as well&#13;\nas opportunities regarding the generation of multi-layer multi-material structures are also described&#13;\nin this article.
High-Strength Nanocomposite Aerogels of Ternary Composition: Poly(vinyl alcohol), Clay, and Cellulose Nanofibrils (2017)

Clay aerogels are foam-like materials with potential to combine high mechanical performance with fire retardancy. However, the compression strength of these aerogels is much lower than theoretically predicted values. High-strength aerogels with more than 95% porosity were prepared from a ternary material system based on poly(vinyl alcohol), montmorillonite clay platelets, and cellulose nanofibrils. A hydrocolloidal suspension of the three components was subjected to freeze-drying so that a low-density aerogel foam was formed. Cell structure was studied by field-emission scanning electron microscopy. Interactions at the molecular scale were observed by X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Cross-linking was carried out using glutaraldehyde or borax, and moisture stability was investigated. These biobased ternary aerogels showed compression strength much better than that of previously studied materials and also showed strength higher than that of high-performance sandwich foam cores such as cross-linked polyvinyl chloride foams.
Plasmonic Nanobubbles Enhance Efficacy and Selectivity of Chemotherapy Against Drug‐Resistant Cancer Cells (2012)

Plasmonic nanobubbles, new multifunctional cellular nano-agents, are selectively generated in target cancer cells with a short near-infrared laser pulse. The enhanced cellular specificity and tunable transient nature of plasmonic nanobubbles provide fast, efficient and selective dual therapeutic effects: intracellular delivery of a drug and direct mechanical destruction of cells while sparing normal cells, and reduce drug dose and overcome drug-resistance of cancer cells.
Parameter estimation of a building system model and impact of estimation error on closed-loop performance (2011)

Predictive-control methods have been recently employed for demand-response control of building and district-level HVAC systems. Such approaches rely on models and parameter estimates to meet comfort constraints and to achieve the theoretical system-efficiency gains. In this paper we present a methodology that establishes achievable targets for control-model parameter estimation errors based on closed-loop performance sensitivity. The control algorithm is designed as a Model Predictive Controller (MPC) that uses perturbed building-model parameters. We perform simulations to estimate the dependency of energy cost and constraint infringement time on the magnitude of these perturbations. The simulation results are used to define targets for the parameter estimation errors, which in turn are applied to specify the character of excitation and model structure used for identification. We design a parameter estimator and perform Monte-Carlo simulations for a model that includes sensor noise and load uncertainty. The distribution of the estimation errors are used to demonstrate that the established targets are met.
Preparation and reactions of [ZrCl3(PR3)2]2 (R = ethyl, propyl, butyl) and the x-ray structure of [ZrCl3(PBu3)2]2 (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation and reactions of [ZrCl3(PR3)2]2 (R = ethyl, propyl, butyl) and the x-ray structure of [ZrCl3(PBu3)2]2Jeffrey H. Wengrovius, Richard R. Schrock, and Cynthia S. DayCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1981, 20, 6, 1844–1849Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50220a046https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50220a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views251Altmetric-Citations56LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Universal HBV vaccination dramatically reduces the prevalence of HBV infection and incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (2022)

Universal HBV vaccination markedly reduces the prevalence of chronic HBV infection and may contribute to the decreased incidences of HCC and hepatic events.
Reply to the ‘Comment on “Bi-functional Li2B12H12 for energy storage and conversion applications: solid-state electrolyte and luminescent down-conversion dye”’ by M. Paskevicius, A. S. Jakobsen, M. Bregnhøj, B. R. S. Hansen, K. T. Møller, P. R. Ogilby and T. R. Jensen, J. Mater. Chem. A., 2019, DOI: 10.1039/c8ta10735a (2019)

We reply to the comment raised by M. Paskevicius et al. on our paper characterizing the properties of the Li 2 B 12 H 12 .
Chromatin interactome mapping at 139 independent breast cancer risk signals (2020)

Our results demonstrate the power of combining genetics, computational genomics, and molecular studies to rationalize the identification of key variants and candidate target genes at breast cancer GWAS signals.