gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SocioEconomicMag Meets a Platform for SES-Diverse College Students: A Case Study (2023)

Emerging research shows that individual differences in how people use technology sometimes cluster by socioeconomic status (SES) and that when technology is not socioeconomically inclusive, low-SES individuals may abandon it. To understand how to improve technology's SES-inclusivity, we present a multi-phase case study on SocioEconomicMag (SESMag), an emerging inspection method for socio+economic inclusivity. In our 16-month case study, a software team developing a learning management platform used SESMag to evaluate and then to improve their platform's SES-inclusivity. The results showed that (1) the practitioners identified SES-inclusivity bugs in 76% of the features they evaluated; (2) these inclusivity bugs actually arise among low-SES college students; and (3) the SESMag process pointed ways towards fixing these bugs. Finally, (4) a user study with SES-diverse college students showed that the platform's SES-inclusivity eradicated 45-54% of the bugs; for some types of bugs, the bug instance eradication rate was 80% or higher.
Mobile-Edge Computing and the Internet of Things for Consumers: Extending cloud computing and services to the edge of the network (2016)

Current activities in the Internet of Things (IoT) are focused on architectures, protocols, and networking for the efficient interconnection of heterogeneous things, infrastructure deployment, and creation of value-added services. The majority of the IoT products, services, and platforms are supported by cloud-computing platforms. With the IoT being a multidisciplinary ecosystem, it is now being utilized in connection with scenarios demanding real-time data processing and feedback, for example, connected and autonomous vehicles scenarios. Cloud platforms are not suitable for scenarios involving real-time operation, low latency requirements, and high quality of service (QoS). Recently, mobile-edge computing (MEC) has gained momentum from the industry to address the mentioned requirements. MEC is a novel paradigm that extends cloud-computing capabilities and services to the edge of the network. Due to dense geographical distribution, proximity to consumers, support for high mobility, and open platform, MEC can support applications and services with reduced latency and improved QoS. Thus, MEC is becoming an important enabler of consumer-centric IoT applications and services that demand real-time operations. The OpenFog Consortium and standards development organizations like ETSI have also recognized the benefits the IoT and MEC can bring to consumers. Potential applications for MEC-enabled IoT include smart mobility, connected vehicles, emergency response, smart cities, content distribution, and location-based services.
Shielding effects of body - shields for 3D PET. (2002)

We analyzed basic physics characteristics of body-shields which have been considered for screening out radioactivity outside the field of view (OFOV) in positron emission tomography (PET). Phantom experiments were performed with simple rectangular body-shields. A Monte Carlo simulation technique was used to analyze the experimental results and to simulate cases that were not examined experimentally. It was confirmed that the body-shields effectively reduced unwanted radiations from OFOV radioactivity for one of the latest commercial PET scanners, the ECAT EXACT HR(+). The geometrical conditions were the most important factor in determining the shielding effect. The shield thickness should be large enough to keep the shield-scatter component low. The body-shield should be carefully designed to minimize the gap between the body-shield and radioactive distribution as much as possible to maximize the shielding effects, and to be applicable to clinical diagnoses.
Influence of Extended Bias Stress on the Electrical Parameters of Mixed Oxide Thin Film Transistors (2012)

This paper investigates the variation of electrical characteristic of indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) thin film transistors (TFTs) under gate bias stress. The devices are subjected to positive and negative gate bias stress for prolonged time periods. The effect of bias stress time and polarity on the transistor current equation is investigated and the underlying effects responsible for these variations are determined. Negative gate stress produces a positive shift in the threshold voltage. This can be noted as a variation from prior studies. Due to variation of power factor (n) from two, the integral method is implemented to extract threshold voltage (vt) and power factor (n). Effective, mobility (ueff), drain to source resistance (RDS) and constant k' is also extracted from the device characteristics. The unstressed value of n is deter-mined to be 2.5. The power factor increases with gate bias stress time. The distribution of states in the conduction band is revealed by the variation in power factor.
Detection of Spoofing Attacks in Aeronautical Ad-Hoc Networks Using Deep Autoencoders (2022)

We consider an aeronautical ad-hoc network relying on aeroplanes operating in the presence of a spoofer. The aggregated signal received by the terrestrial base station is considered as &#x201C;clean&#x201D; or &#x201C;normal&#x201D;, if the legitimate aeroplanes transmit their signals and there is no spoofing attack. By contrast, the received signal is considered as &#x201C;spurious&#x201D; or &#x201C;abnormal&#x201D; in the face of a spoofing signal. An autoencoder (AE) is trained to learn the characteristics/features from a training dataset, which contains only normal samples associated with no spoofing attacks. The AE takes original samples as its input samples and reconstructs them at its output. Based on the trained AE, we define the detection thresholds of our spoofing discovery algorithm. To be more specific, contrasting the output of the AE against its input will provide us with a measure of geometric waveform similarity/dissimilarity in terms of the peaks of curves. To quantify the similarity between <i>unknown</i> testing samples and the <i>given</i> training samples (including normal samples), we first propose a so-called <i>deviation-based algorithm</i>. Furthermore, we estimate the angle of arrival (AoA) from each legitimate aeroplane and propose a so-called <i>AoA-based algorithm</i>. Then based on a sophisticated amalgamation of these two algorithms, we form our final detection algorithm for distinguishing the spurious abnormal samples from normal samples under a strict testing condition. In conclusion, our numerical results show that the AE improves the trade-off between the correct spoofing detection rate and the false alarm rate as long as the detection thresholds are carefully selected.
Firewalls Prevent Systemic Dissemination of Vectors Derived from Human Adenovirus Type 5 and Suppress Production of Transgene-Encoded Antigen in a Murine Model of Oral Vaccination (2018)

To define the bottlenecks that restrict antigen expression after oral administration of viral-vectored vaccines, we tracked vectors derived from the human adenovirus type 5 at whole body, tissue, and cellular scales throughout the digestive tract in a murine model of oral delivery. After intragastric administration of vectors encoding firefly luciferase or a model antigen, detectable levels of transgene-encoded protein or mRNA were confined to the intestine, and restricted to delimited anatomical zones. Expression of luciferase in the form of multiple small bioluminescent foci in the distal ileum, cecum, and proximal colon suggested multiple crossing points. Many foci were unassociated with visible Peyer's patches, implying that transduced cells lay in proximity to villous rather than follicle-associated epithelium, as supported by detection of transgene-encoded antigen in villous epithelial cells. Transgene-encoded mRNA but not protein was readily detected in Peyer's patches, suggesting that post-transcriptional regulation of viral gene expression might limit expression of transgene-encoded antigen in this tissue. To characterize the pathways by which the vector crossed the intestinal epithelium and encountered sentinel cells, a fluorescent-labeled vector was administered to mice by the intragastric route or inoculated into ligated intestinal loops comprising a Peyer's patch. The vector adhered selectively to microfold cells in the follicle-associated epithelium, and, after translocation to the subepithelial dome region, was captured by phagocytes that expressed CD11c and lysozyme. In conclusion, although a large number of crossing events took place throughout the intestine within and without Peyer's patches, multiple firewalls prevented systemic dissemination of vector and suppressed production of transgene-encoded protein in Peyer's patches.
A mid-IR ICL-based sensor for field measurements of ambient CH 4 (2006)

We are developing a mid-IR ICL-based sensor for field measurements of ambient CH<sub>4</sub>. We describe some of the design considerations for this sensor. Our sensor uses a Type II Quantum Cascade Laser (or Interband Cascade Laser, ICL) operating near 3.3 &#956;m to monitor a well-isolated line in the &#965;<sub>3</sub> fundamental band of CH<sub>4</sub>. The ICL operates in cw mode at cryogenic temperature. The sensor consists of two major components, an optical breadboard containing the laser, transfer optics, sample cell, and detectors, and an instrumentation module containing power supplies and system control computer. Light from the laser is collimated using a reflective microscope objective and transported to a multipass cell via a simple optics train. The multipass cell provides an optical path of ~7 meters in an 0.25 m base path. The spectrometer uses TE-cooled InAs detectors along with our Balanced Ratiometric Detection. Our measured precision for CH<sub>4</sub> is 15 ppbv for a 60 sec integration time. We report on additional sensor characterization and data from recent field trials at two facilities maintained by the University of New Hampshire.
Software-defined open architecture for front- and backhaul in 5G mobile networks (2014)

New software-defined open network concepts are proposed in this paper to enable an efficient implementation of front- and backhaul solutions for future 5G mobile networks. Main requirements for 5G front- and backhaul are derived and then related to the open network architecture enabling multiple operators to share the same physical infrastructure. The value of software-defined networking (SDN) is particularly outlined therefore. For the use of SDN in the fronthaul, CPRI over Ethernet (CoE) is proposed as a new transport protocol. In the backhaul, distributed security can be implemented using SDN where direct links are confined inside the access domain, as opposed to the current centralized security solution including also the transport domain. In this way, low latency can be realized e.g. for machine-type communications. As the benefits for fixed-mobile convergence are evident, SDN should be enabled increasingly in the access domain.
Synthesis of 3-Fluoropyrroles (2009)

In the reported procedure 2-aryl-5-(bromomethyl)-1-pyrrolines were prepared in poor to good yields from benzonitriles and 3-butenylmagnesium bromide. The pyrrolines were subsequently α,α-difluorinated with Selectfluor in poor to excellent yields. Using only 1.2 equivalents of Selectfluor led to 95% conversion to the α-mono­fluorinated pyrroline. The difluorinated pyrrolines were aromatized to 5-alkoxymethyl- or 5-carboxaldehyde-pyrroles, the former in mediocre to ­excellent and the latter in very poor to mediocre yields. With the substrate R = MeO, the fluorination process gave an ˜1:1 mixture of the desired product and a product where the aryl ring is additionally fluorinated at the 3-position. These were not separable via column chromatography. The substrate scope was poorly studied, but one of the carboxaldehydes was further derivatized to show the utility of this process.
WK175, a novel antitumor agent, decreases the intracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide concentration and induces the apoptotic cascade in human leukemia cells. (2002)

We recently developed a class of novel antitumor agents that elicit a potent growth-inhibitory response in many tumor cells cultured in vitro. WK175, a member of this class, was chosen as a model compound that showed strong in vitro efficacy. WK175 interferes with the intracellular steady-state level of NAD(+), resulting in a decreased cellular NAD(+) concentration. We found that WK175 induces apoptotic cell death without any DNA-damaging effect. The apoptotic death signaling pathway initiated by WK175 was examined in detail: mitochondrial membrane potential, cytochrome c release, caspase 3 activation, caspase 3 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage, and the appearance of a sub-G(1) cell cycle population were determined in time course studies in THP-1 (a human monocytic leukemia cell line) cells. We found activation of this cascade after 24 h of treatment with 10 nM WK175. Induction of apoptosis was prevented by bongkrekic acid, Z-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-fluoromethylketone, and Z-Leu-Glu-His-Asp-fluoromethylketone, inhibitors of the mitochondrial permeability transition and of caspase 3 and 9, respectively, but not by Ac-Tyr-Val-Ala-Asp-CHO, a specific caspase 1 inhibitor, suggesting the involvement of the permeability transition pore, caspase 3, and caspase 9 in the WK175-induced apoptotic cascade. These results imply that decreased NAD(+) concentration initiates the apoptotic cascade, resulting in the antitumor effect of WK175.
Intraoperative Near‐Infrared Fluorescent Cholangiography (NIRFC) in Mouse Models of Bile Duct Injury (2009)

Near-infrared fluorescent agents with hepatobiliary excretion may be used intraoperatively to visualize extrahepatic biliary anatomy and physiology. Used in conjunction with laparoscopic imaging technologies, the use of this technique should enhance hepatobiliary surgery.
Introduction to the Special Issue on Machine Learning for CAD/EDA (2023)

No abstract available.
Ressources énergétiques et solutions pour l'alimentation en électricité des populations isolées (2011)

National audience
Construction of Hybrid Bilayer Membrane (HBM) Biochips and Characterization of the Cooperative Binding between Cytochrome-c and HBM (2007)

We constructed multi-channel hybrid bilayer membrane (HBM) biochips and characterized them by surface plasmon resonance imaging. Each channel in the biochip was prepared using vesicles with different proportions of negative, neutral, and positive lipids. The HBM surfaces were tested by interaction with two globular proteins that recognize surfaces covered with opposite charges. Spots modified with the same HBM show responses within a relative standard deviation of 10% or smaller. These devices were also used to study in detail the interaction between cytochrome-c (cyt-c) and HBMs. Cooperative binding between cyt-c and negative HBMs was demonstrated. Using an adaptation of the Hill model, we calculated a Hill coefficient of 5 and a 10-fold increase in the binding constant with the increase in cyt-c concentration. We propose that this treatment can be used to evaluate the cooperative binding of surface proteins to membranes.
Analyzing the Suitability of Cost Functions for Explaining and Imitating Human Driving Behavior based on Inverse Reinforcement Learning (2020)

Autonomous vehicles are sharing the road with human drivers. In order to facilitate interactive driving and cooperative behavior in dense traffic, a thorough understanding and representation of other traffic participants' behavior are necessary. Cost functions (or reward functions) have been widely used to describe the behavior of human drivers since they can not only explicitly incorporate the rationality of human drivers and the theory of mind (TOM), but also share similarity with the motion planning problem of autonomous vehicles. Hence, more human-like driving behavior and comprehensible trajectories can be generated to enable safer interaction and cooperation. However, the selection of cost functions in different driving scenarios is not trivial, and there is no systematic summary and analysis for cost function selection and learning from a variety of driving scenarios. In this work, we aim to investigate to what extent cost functions are suitable for explaining and imitating human driving behavior. Further, we focus on how cost functions differ from each other in different driving scenarios. Towards this goal, we first comprehensively review existing cost function structures in literature. Based on that, we point out required conditions for demonstrations to be suitable for inverse reinforcement learning (IRL). Finally, we use IRL to explore suitable features and learn cost function weights from human driven trajectories in three different scenarios.
Theoretical Analysis of "Correlations in RC6". (2002)

Abstract. In this paper, we give the theoretical analysis of χ 2 attack proposed by Knudsen and Meier on the RC6 block cipher. To this end, we propose the novel method of security evaluation against χ 2 attack precisely including key dependency by introducing a technique “Transition Matrix Computing. ” On the other hand, the way of security evaluation against χ 2 attack has not been known except the computer experiment. We should note that it is the first results the way of security evaluation against χ 2 attack is shown theoretically. Using this method, we can obtain the “weakest keys ” against the attack. Keyword: RC6, χ 2 attack, Transition Matrix, 1
Mobile Image Media and Picture Coding. Error Resilient Motion Picture Coding for Mobile Video Communication. (1997)

A motion picture coding scheme with high error resiliency that is applicable to wireless communication is proposed. Two methods are introduced to minimize the degradation of decoded images : re-synchronization method recovers synchronization from bit-slip of a VLC and two-way decoding using reversible VLC. To recover erroneous decoded images, an adaptive refreshing method is applied in which the encoder selects non-stationary areas for refresh by using the coding mode of the past frames. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme has high error resiliency and is applicable to high error prone environments with BER larger than 0.1%.
TMC-435, an NS3/4A protease inhibitor for the treatment of HCV infection. (2009)

TMC-435, being developed by Tibotec Pharmaceuticals Ltd, is an orally administered, macrocyclic inhibitor of the HCV NS3/4A serine protease. HCV infection can cause chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis of the liver and hepatocellular carcinoma. The HCV NS3/4A enzyme is an essential component for viral replication, suggesting that this protein is a key therapeutic target. Biochemical assays demonstrated potent inhibition of HCV NS3/4A by TMC-435 in all HCV genotypes tested, with the exception of HCV-3. In cellular replicon models, the compound selectively inhibited HCV-1 replication and displayed additive effects with ribavirin, and had synergistic activity with IFNalpha and an NS5B polymerase inhibitor. Pharmacokinetic data demonstrated high exposure and good oral bioavailability, supporting once-daily dosing of TMC-435 in humans. In phase I and II clinical trials, the administration of TCM-435 to patients infected with HCV-1, alone or in combination with PEG-IFNalpha and ribavirin, produced significant reductions in HCV-RNA without any significant adverse effects, thus providing a basis for further development of this compound as an anti-HCV therapeutic agent. At the time of publication, phase II trials with TMC-435 were ongoing.
An Iterative Strategy for Precursor Ion Selection for LC-MS/MS Based Shotgun Proteomics (2009)

Currently, the precursor ion selection strategies in LC-MS mainly choose the most prominent peptide signals for MS/MS analysis. Consequently, high-abundance proteins are identified by MS/MS of many peptides, whereas proteins of lower abundance might elude identification. We present a novel, iterative and result-driven approach for precursor ion selection that significantly increases the efficiency of an MS/MS analysis by decreasing data redundancy and analysis time. By simulating different strategies for precursor ion selection on an existing data set, we compare our method to existing result-driven strategies and evaluate its performance with regard to mass accuracy, database size, and sample complexity.
Single detector imaging lidar by digital micromirror device for large field-of-view and mid-range mapping applications (2018)

An imaging lidar system is presented which combines the high speed of a Digital Micromirror Device (DMD) and the higher range of a 1D collimated scanning output. The system employing 1D line object illumination along with DMD placed at focal plane enables flexible optimization of system metrics, such as field of view, angular resolution, maximum range distance and frame rate.
Response to Commentary on “Force-field functor theory: classical force-fields which reproduce equilibrium quantum distributions” (2013)

GENERAL COMMENTARY article Front. Chem., 24 December 2013Sec. Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Volume 1 - 2013 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2013.00033
Kinetics and mechanism of substitution reactions of .eta.5-cyclopentadienyldicarbonylrhodium(I) derivatives. Rate enhancement of associative substitution in cyclopentadienylmetal compounds (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetics and mechanism of substitution reactions of .eta.5-cyclopentadienyldicarbonylrhodium(I) derivatives. Rate enhancement of associative substitution in cyclopentadienylmetal compoundsMark E. Rerek and Fred BasoloCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 20, 5908–5912Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00332a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00332a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views725Altmetric-Citations146LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts