gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transcription of multi-genre media archives using out-of-domain data (2012)

We describe our work on developing a speech recognition system for multi-genre media archives. The high diversity of the data makes this a challenging recognition task, which may benefit from systems trained on a combination of in-domain and out-of-domain data. Working with tandem HMMs, we present Multi-level Adaptive Networks (MLAN), a novel technique for incorporating information from out-of-domain posterior features using deep neural networks. We show that it provides a substantial reduction in WER over other systems, with relative WER reductions of 15% over a PLP baseline, 9% over in-domain tandem features and 8% over the best out-of-domain tandem features.
Direct Imaging of Hippocampal Epileptiform Calcium Motifs Following Kainic Acid Administration in Freely Behaving Mice (2016)

Prolonged exposure to abnormally high calcium concentrations is thought to be a core mechanism underlying hippocampal damage in epileptic patients; however, no prior study has characterized calcium activity during seizures in the live, intact hippocampus. We have directly investigated this possibility by combining whole-brain electroencephalographic (EEG) measurements with microendoscopic calcium imaging of pyramidal cells in the CA1 hippocampal region of freely behaving mice treated with the pro-convulsant kainic acid (KA). We observed that KA administration led to systematic patterns of epileptiform calcium activity: a series of large-scale, intensifying flashes of increased calcium fluorescence concurrent with a cluster of low-amplitude EEG waveforms. This was accompanied by a steady increase in cellular calcium levels (>5 fold increase relative to the baseline), followed by an intense spreading calcium wave characterized by a 218% increase in global mean intensity of calcium fluorescence (n = 8, range [114-349%], p < 10(-4); t-test). The wave had no consistent EEG phenotype and occurred before the onset of motor convulsions. Similar changes in calcium activity were also observed in animals treated with 2 different proconvulsant agents, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and pentylenetetrazol (PTZ), suggesting the measured changes in calcium dynamics are a signature of seizure activity rather than a KA-specific pathology. Additionally, despite reducing the behavioral severity of KA-induced seizures, the anticonvulsant drug valproate (VA, 300 mg/kg) did not modify the observed abnormalities in calcium dynamics. These results confirm the presence of pathological calcium activity preceding convulsive motor seizures and support calcium as a candidate signaling molecule in a pathway connecting seizures to subsequent cellular damage. Integrating in vivo calcium imaging with traditional assessment of seizures could potentially increase translatability of pharmacological intervention, leading to novel drug screening paradigms and therapeutics designed to target and abolish abnormal patterns of both electrical and calcium excitation.
Game Theoretic Rating in N-player general-sum games with Equilibria (2022)

Rating strategies in a game is an important area of research in game theory and artificial intelligence, and can be applied to any real-world competitive or cooperative setting. Traditionally, only transitive dependencies between strategies have been used to rate strategies (e.g. Elo), however recent work has expanded ratings to utilize game theoretic solutions to better rate strategies in non-transitive games. This work generalizes these ideas and proposes novel algorithms suitable for N-player, general-sum rating of strategies in normal-form games according to the payoff rating system. This enables well-established solution concepts, such as equilibria, to be leveraged to efficiently rate strategies in games with complex strategic interactions, which arise in multiagent training and real-world interactions between many agents. We empirically validate our methods on real world normal-form data (Premier League) and multiagent reinforcement learning agent evaluation.
Incremental Coordination: Attention-Centric Speech Production in a Physically Situated Conversational Agent (2015)

Inspired by studies of human-human conversations, we present methods for incrementally coordinating speech production with listeners' visual foci of attention. We introduce a model that considers the demands and availability of listeners' attention at the onset and throughout the production of system utterances, and that incrementally coordinates speech synthesis with the listener's gaze. We present an implementation and deployment of the model in a physically situated dialog system and discuss lessons learned.
IL-33 blockade impacts mediators of persistence and exacerbation of chronic airway inflammation. (2018)

<b>Background:</b> Persistent inflammation underlies chronic airway diseases and contributes to exacerbations. Human tissue, genetic data and preclinical models implicate IL-33 in chronic airway diseases and exacerbations. <b>Aim:</b> To assess the effects of anti-IL-33, REGN3500, on the establishment, persistence and exacerbation of airway inflammation in a humanized mouse model. <b>Methods:</b> Mice were exposed to house dust mite extract (HDM) intranasally thrice weekly for 15 weeks. To examine the persistence and exacerbation of inflammation, mice were rested for 9 weeks and re-exposed to HDM for 2 challenges. The effect of IL-33 blockade on chronic inflammation was assessed using REGN3500 or a control antibody starting at peak of inflammation through the end of the study. <b>Results:</b> Upon chronic HDM exposure, lung IL-33 protein levels increased 10-fold and paralleled the progression to mixed type 1/type 2 inflammation with severe tissue remodeling. After rest from allergen, inflammatory mediators such as eosinophils and IL-4 resolved while neutrophils, pathogenic ST2+ CD4+ T cells, remodeling and IL-33 levels persisted. Only two allergen challenges after rest restored all inflammatory mediators, mimicking an exacerbation. REGN3500 normalized the aforementioned inflammatory mediators in addition to IL-5, IL-6 and IL-1b, key cytokines involved in the persistence and exacerbation of inflammation. <b>Conclusions:</b> Chronic HDM exposure raises IL-33 levels in the lung. Once established, IL-33 levels remain high even in the absence of allergen exposure, providing persistent inflammation. REGN3500 prevents the persistence of inflammation, airway remodeling and occurence of exacerbations in chronic airway disease.
Numerical investigation of the dynamics of a rigid spherical particle in a vortical cross-slot flow at moderate inertia (2023)

The study of flow and particle dynamics in microfluidic cross-slot channels is of high relevance for lab-on-a-chip applications. In this work, we investigate the dynamics of a rigid spherical particle in a cross-slot junction for a channel height-to-width ratio of 0.6 and at a Reynolds number of 120 for which a steady vortex exists in the junction area. Using an in-house immersed-boundary-lattice-Boltzmann code, we analyse the effect of the entry position of the particle in the junction and the particle size on the dynamics and trajectory shape of the particle. We find that the dynamics of the particle depend strongly on its lateral entry position in the junction and weakly on its vertical entry position; particles that enter close to the centre show trajectory oscillations. Larger particles have longer residence times in the junction and tend to oscillate less due to their confinement. Our work contributes to the understanding of particle dynamics in intersecting flows and enables the design of optimised geometries for cytometry and particle manipulation.
Fluctuating primary ovarian insufficiency in a case of type 2 autoimmune polyendocrinopathy (2018)

peer reviewed
Supplementary Figure Legend from Persistence of CTL Clones Targeting Melanocyte Differentiation Antigens Was Insufficient to Mediate Significant Melanoma Regression in Humans (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure Legend. Weak and insufficient tumor responses after MDA specific CD8+ T cell clone infusion&lt;/p&gt;
Measurement of the zero-bias electron transmittance as a function of energy for half- and quarter-electron-wavelength semiconductor quantum-interference filters (1998)

Ballistic electron emission spectroscopy has been used to measure the electron transmittance function of both half- and quarter-electron-wavelength (using optics terminology) quantum-interference filters under zero applied voltage bias. At the design energy, these devices exhibit constructive and destructive interference, respectively. Second-derivative spectra from current versus voltage measurements clearly show both tunneling and above-barrier quasibound energy states. The spectra accurately reproduce the transmittance functions of the designed structures, attaining nearly the temperature-limited resolution at 77 K and 300 K. The presence of the above-barrier resonances has been confirmed conclusively by measurements on these complementary half- and quarter-wavelength device structures.
New flow equation for orifices (1984)

Orifices have been used to measure flowrate for thousands of years, but economic pressures recently have dictated a careful evaluation of the procedure. The National Bureau of Standards currently has two major research programs (funded by API and GRI) underway with the goals of increasing the accuracy and range of orifice measurements. The equations presented in this work represent a significant departure from those normally used. The new expressions are equally rigorous and possess many advantages compared with the conventional relationships.
Valley-selective optical Stark effect probed by Kerr rotation (2018)

The authors show here that Kerr rotation is a sensitive probe of valley-dependent energy splitting induced by the optical Stark effect in two-dimensional semiconductors. Kerr rotation rejects the polarization-independent background and probes a complementary dielectric response from established absorption-based techniques, allowing detection of shifts as small as 4 \ensuremath{\mu}eV - the lowest reported value so far. The authors apply this improved valley Stark spectroscopy to a wider range of materials by observing Stark shifts of two energetically distinct exciton species in MoS${}_{2}$, representing the first valley- and energy-selective Stark effect in a single material.
Continuously Tunable NIR Pulsed Parametric Sources by an Is-OPG / OPA for Terahertz-wave Generation (2020)

We demonstrated single-longitudinal-mode, continuously tunable (1.54 – 1.60 μm) and pulsed (~ 1 ns) parametric sources by injection-seeded PPLN-OPG / KTA-OPA as stabilized and tunable (controlled by “spectral drill” cavity) beams for terahertz-wave different frequency / parametric generation.
Novel handwritten signature verification system based on shadow sensing (2017)

A novel shadow sensing based handwritten signature authentication system has been reported. Two key points were addressed while developing the system: 1) simplicity and afford-ability in hardware design and 2) intelligent software routine to complement the hardware simplicity. To address affordability, ambient light and a 2D 4×4 photo-diode array is utilized as a sensing platform. Subject is only required to write a specific word (serving as a signature) in front of the photo-diode panel by waving his/her finger in the air. The shadow casted by the waving finger is used to derive features which lead to classification a particular subject within a closed group. Our work shows very encouraging result when tried on a set of 10 subjects. This system can be used as a soft biometric for authentication.
Klassische Philologie und Sprachwissenschaft (2013)

Der Band bietet eine umfassende Darstellung der historischen Laut- und Formenlehre vom Indogermanischen zum Griechischen und Lateinischen. Außerdem wird die äußere Sprachgeschichte der beiden klassischen Sprachen vollständig abgehandelt. Besonders wertvoll: Erstmals werden drei methodische Stadien der Sprachwissenschaft (vormodern, historisch-vergleichend und moderne Linguistik) mit ihren wichtigsten Vertretern und Begriffen für Studierende und Lehrende der klassischen Philologie nutzbar gemacht. Abschließend werden die Einflüsse des Lateinischen und (Alt-)Griechischen auf moderne Sprachen (Deutsch, Englisch, Neugriechisch, romanische Sprachen) aufgezeigt.
A switched-capacitor implementation of short-term synaptic dynamics (2012)

Abstract—In this paper we present a novel switched-capacitor implementation of short-term synaptic dynamics with simultane-ous depression and facilitation. The developed circuit model is a modified version of a model of neurotransmitter release derived from biological measurements. Despite the simplicity of the circuit the rich dynamics of the original model can be delivered. By completely relying on SC techniques for all calculations, our circuit is significantly less sensitive to process variations and eas-ier to calibrate than commonly employed subthreshold circuits. The circuit makes use of a technique for minimizing leakage effects allowing for real-time operation with time constants up to several seconds. Functionality and robustness of the circuit are verified by simulations and comparisons to the original model. Index Terms—Switched-capacitor, short-term synaptic dynam-ics, depression, facilitation, silicon synapse. I.
An analytic behavior model for disk drives with readahead caches and request reordering (1998)

Modern disk drives read-ahead data and reorder incoming requests in a workload-dependent fashion. This improves their performance, but makes simple analytical models of them inadequate for performance prediction, capacity planning, workload balancing, and so on. To address this problem we have developed a new analytic model for disk drives that do readahead and request reordering. We did so by developing performance models of the disk drive components (queues, caches, and the disk mechanism) and a workload transformation technique for composing them. Our model includes the effects of workload-specific parameters such as request size and spatial locality. The result is capable of predicting the behavior of a variety of real-world devices to within 17% across a variety of workloads and disk drives.
Integrated multiple functions electronic pillows (2014)

This paper presents audio-integrated snore active noise control (ANC) systems based on the portable pillow setup to effectively reduce the annoying snore and mask the residual noise. Computer simulations and real-time experiments show the performance of the ANC systems based on the pillow setup achieved higher noise reduction at the ears of the snorer's bed partner as compared with the headboard setup. In addition, the snore ANC uses the audio-integrated algorithm for masking residual noise.
Warping background subtraction (2010)

We present a background model that differentiates between background motion and foreground objects. Unlike most models that represent the variability of pixel intensity at a particular location in the image, we model the underlying warping of pixel locations arising from background motion. The background is modeled as a set of warping layers, where at any given time, different layers may be visible due to the motion of an occluding layer. Foreground regions are thus defined as those that cannot be modeled by some composition of some warping of these background layers. We illustrate this concept by first reducing the possible warps to those where the pixels are restricted to displacements within a spatial neighborhood, and then learning the appropriate size of that spatial neighborhood. Then, we show how changes in intensity/color histograms of pixel neighborhoods can be used to discriminate foreground and background regions. We find that this approach compares favorably with the state of the art, while requiring less computation.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Temporal Dissection of Tumorigenesis in Primary Cancers (2023)

Supplementary Figure 3 from Temporal Dissection of Tumorigenesis in Primary Cancers
Discontinuous conduction mode of a three-level boost DC-DC converter and its merits and limits for voltage cross regulation applications (2014)

Distributed generation and smart grid integration of renewable energy sources introduce a lot of challenges for the enabling power electronic converter technology. Some of these challenges include wide controllability range, high power handling and good reliability. Three-level boost converter is one of the attractive solution for applications requiring voltage cross regulation such as three-level neutral point clamped inverter based grid integration of renewable sources. The present work shows the advantages and disadvantages of using discontinuous conduction mode of a Three-level boost converter for voltage cross regulation. The converter working principle, modes of operation and operating cases are listed briefly. The simulation results compare the DCM and CCM cross regulation effects. Based on these results, the controllability range of the converter is analyzed to understand the suitability of the converter for various applications.
Sp1‐dependent regulation of the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases‐1 promoter (2004)

Extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling is involved in many cellular properties such as division, migration, differentiation, and death. The turnover of ECM is regulated by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and the MMPs are inhibited by the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). In this study, the transcriptional regulation of the TIMP-1 promoter was investigated. The 5'-deletion assay showed that the region between -1,200 and -1,101 was responsible for the TIMP-1 promoter activity. The mutations of the two Sp1 sites in this region reduced the transcription activity. In addition, the co-transfection with antisense Sp1 oligonucleotide decreased the promoter activity, suggesting that the transcription of the TIMP-1 promoter is mediated by Sp1. Previously, it was reported that the TIMP-1 expression was enhanced under hypoxia. Therefore, the TIMP-1 promoter activity was investigated with or without cobalt ion, which elicits the same physiological effect as hypoxia. The results showed that the TIMP-1 promoter was induced in the presence of cobalt ion and that the promoter activity was regulated by Sp1 as well as HIF-1. Therefore, this study suggests that Sp1 is involved in the regulation of the TIMP-1 promoter in the presence of cobalt ion as well as in the basal level transcription.
Single, low dose treatment of lymphoma and renal cancer xenografts with human anti-CD70 antibody-toxin conjugates, results in long term cures (2007)

4112 CD70 is highly expressed in multiple tumor types including many lymphomas and clear cell renal carcinomas. The expression in lymphomas is not surprising given the role of CD70 in B and T cell activation. However, expression of CD70 at high levels and very high prevalence in renal cancer was initially unexpected. The tightly controlled and limited expression in normal tissues, together with this high level tumor expression makes CD70 an extremely attractive target for antibody-directed therapy. In order to exploit this specificity we have isolated and characterized a human anti-CD70 antibody of high affinity and specificity from transgenic mice. This antibody has been conjugated to highly potent DNA alkylating agents via hydrazone and amino acid based linkers. The resulting CD70 targeted antibody-drug conjugates show potent and curative anti-tumor activity at low doses; highly specific antigen targeting activity (as shown by comparing CD70 antibody conjugates with isotype control conjugates in vivo ), and an extremely wide therapeutic window in both lymphoma and renal cancer models. Furthermore, these CD70 antibody drug conjugates are demonstrating favorable toxicity profiles in larger animals at levels far in excess of the xenograft model determined efficacious doses.
New Design For Color Screen Sets For High-End Digital Color Press (2020)

Digital halftoning is an essential part of the process for printing color, continuous-tone content. Traditionally, the highest quality has been achieved with analog, offset lithographic presses, using color screen sets that yield periodic, clustered-dot halftone patterns. Increasingly, these systems are being supplanted by digital presses that are based on either electrophotographic or inkjet marking processes. Due to the inherent instability of the electrophotographic marking process, periodic, clustered-dot halftone patterns are also widely used with such presses. However, digital presses have much lower resolution than their analog counterparts. Simply mimicking the traditional screen designs used with commercial, offset presses will result in halftone patterns that are more susceptible to moire due to the interaction between the periodic patterns used to render the different color channels. The moire can be reduced by increasing the frequency of the halftone patterns. But this may make the print appear grainier than its analog counterpart. In this paper, we introduce a principled design procedure that allows one to design color screen sets that generate periodic, clustered-dot halftone patterns that improve color stability without increasing graininess.
Influence of Dielectric Anisotropy on the Absorption Properties of Localized Surface Plasmon Resonances Embedded in Si Nanowires (2014)

We utilize discrete dipole approximation simulations to provide a detailed picture of the scattering behavior of mid-infrared localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) in selectively doped (i.e., i–n++–i) Si nanowires. Our simulations, and their quantitative comparison to recent experimental results, show that the large refractive indices (n ≈ 3–4) of undoped semiconductors in the infrared and the anisotropic dielectric environment inherent in the nanowire geometry strongly enhance/depress absorption by the longitudinal/transverse LSPR. An examination of “cladding” materials other than Si (e.g., GaAs, Ge, etc.) reveals that this behavior scales with refractive index and that absorption enhancements of at least 35× are possible relative to an isotropic vacuum. We also show how scattering and absorption contribute to the overall extinction and extract a value for the carrier density of Si-based resonators synthesized via the vapor–liquid–solid (VLS) mechanism. Our findings establish a framework for rationally engineering LSPR spectral response in semiconductor nanowires and highlight the promise of the VLS technique for this purpose.
Adaptive pre‐specification in randomized trials with and without pair‐matching (2016)

In randomized trials, adjustment for measured covariates during the analysis can reduce variance and increase power. To avoid misleading inference, the analysis plan must be pre-specified. However, it is often unclear a priori which baseline covariates (if any) should be adjusted for in the analysis. Consider, for example, the Sustainable East Africa Research in Community Health (SEARCH) trial for HIV prevention and treatment. There are 16 matched pairs of communities and many potential adjustment variables, including region, HIV prevalence, male circumcision coverage, and measures of community-level viral load. In this paper, we propose a rigorous procedure to data-adaptively select the adjustment set, which maximizes the efficiency of the analysis. Specifically, we use cross-validation to select from a pre-specified library the candidate targeted maximum likelihood estimator (TMLE) that minimizes the estimated variance. For further gains in precision, we also propose a collaborative procedure for estimating the known exposure mechanism. Our small sample simulations demonstrate the promise of the methodology to maximize study power, while maintaining nominal confidence interval coverage. We show how our procedure can be tailored to the scientific question (intervention effect for the study sample vs. for the target population) and study design (pair-matched or not). Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.