gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Asphalt modified by SBS triblock copolymer: Structures and properties (1996)

Abstract Microstructural transformation of a poly(styrene‐b‐butadiene‐b‐styrene), SBS, triblock copolymer blended with asphalt was studied as the asphalt composition was varied from 0 wt% to 96 wt%. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic mechanical spectrometry (DMS), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used. The blends were made in batch mixers at 200°C, or by solution casting from a nonselective solvent (trichloroethane) at ∼28°C. Asphalt partially solubilizes the polybutadene (PB) midblock of the SBS producing saturated PB microdomains along with macrodomains of asphalt. When the asphalt concentration was varied from 10 to 90 wt%, the asphalt phase separated into a variable number of large domains, while the SBS‐rich regions formed a continuous matrix. Networks of SBS‐rich regions were observed at low magnification; these are referred to as macro‐networks. At higher magnification, networks that are stabilized by polystyrene (PS) microdomains (denoted micro‐networks) are also formed. The presence of a macro‐network is also confirmed by stress relaxation tests. The macro‐network broke down into microgel‐like structures when the asphalt composition exceeded 90 wt%. Examination of the interior of the SBS‐rich regions showed that the shape of the PS microdomains transformed from short cylinders to lamellae, hexagonally perforated lamellae (HPL), back to lamellae, short cylinders, and finally to spheres. DMS and DSC indicate a systematic increase in the PB glass transition temperature ( T g ) and negligible change in the T g of PS as the asphalt content increases. Triblock copolymers that can form a macro‐network at low concentration will be more desirable for highway pavement modification.
Artificial Intelligence for Digital Agriculture at Scale: Techniques, Policies, and Challenges (2020)

Digital agriculture has the promise to transform agricultural throughput. It can do this by applying data science and engineering for mapping input factors to crop throughput, while bounding the available resources. In addition, as the data volumes and varieties increase with the increase in sensor deployment in agricultural fields, data engineering techniques will also be instrumental in collection of distributed data as well as distributed processing of the data. These have to be done such that the latency requirements of the end users and applications are satisfied. Understanding how farm technology and big data can improve farm productivity can significantly increase the world's food production by 2050 in the face of constrained arable land and with the water levels receding. While much has been written about digital agriculture's potential, little is known about the economic costs and benefits of these emergent systems. In particular, the on-farm decision making processes, both in terms of adoption and optimal implementation, have not been adequately addressed. For example, if some algorithm needs data from multiple data owners to be pooled together, that raises the question of data ownership. This paper is the first one to bring together the important questions that will guide the end-to-end pipeline for the evolution of a new generation of digital agricultural solutions, driving the next revolution in agriculture and sustainability under one umbrella.
HIV-Associated Neuroretinal Disorder in Patients With Well-Suppressed HIV-Infection: A Comparative Cohort Study (2016)

Purpose: Loss of neuroretinal structure and function, ascribed to a ‘HIV-associated Neuroretinal Disorder' (HIV-NRD), in the absence of ocular opportunistic infections, has been reported in HIV-infected individuals treated with combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Whether HIV-infected individuals with prolonged well-suppressed infection remain at risk for HIV-NRD, is unknown. Methods: Ninety-two HIV-infected men with suppressed viremia on cART for at least 12 months (HIV+) and 63 HIV-uninfected, highly comparable, male controls (HIV−), aged at least 45 years, underwent functional measurements of spatial (Pelli Robson contrast sensitivity [PR CS]) and temporal contrast sensitivity (TCS) and straylight, as well as spectral-domain optical coherence tomography analysis measured total and individual retinal layer thickness. Mixed-linear regression models were used to assess possible associations between HIV-related and ocular parameters, while accounting for several confounders. Results: Pelli Robson CS was significantly lower in HIV+ (1.89 vs. 1.93 logCS, P value = 0.001), while TCS values did not differ (2.17 vs. 2.17 logCS; P value = 0.888). Straylight values were higher in HIV+ (1.15 vs. 1.09 log units; P value = 0.026). Peripheral total retinal thickness in the HIV+ group was increased compared with HIV− (+4.6 μm, P value = 0.029), predominantly due to an increase in inner nuclear layer (+1.04 μm, P value = 0.006) and outer plexiform layer (+0.95 μm, P value = 0.006) thickness. Conclusions: Pelli Robson CS was significantly reduced in HIV-infected individuals, although the loss was one letter and likely not clinically relevant. Instead of an expected neuroretinal thinning, an increase of retinal thickness was detected in the HIV-infected group. These findings should be confirmed and further explored in longitudinal studies. Clinical Trial registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov (identifier: NCT01466582).
Stimulant Treatment Effect on Anxiety Domains in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder With and Without Anxiety Disorders: A 12-Week Open-Label Prospective Study (2021)

<b><i>Objectives:</i></b> The effect of stimulants on anxiety domains has not been systematically studied. We assessed prospectively the impact of stimulant treatment in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) on the severity of anxiety domains and on ADHD with comorbid anxiety disorders. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Children with ADHD (<i>n</i> = 57, aged 6-15 years) started a stimulant or were switched from one stimulant to another. Assessments were conducted at four time points (baseline and weeks 2, 6, and 12) and consisted of parental questionnaires (ADHD rating scale, screen for child anxiety related disorders [SCARED]), and side effect questionnaire completed by a child psychiatrist. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A significant improvement in total SCARED scores was obtained after 12 weeks stimulant treatment in children both with and without anxiety disorders. Significant reductions were detected in generalized anxiety, separation anxiety, and school avoidance SCARED subscales, but not in panic and social anxiety subscales. ADHD symptoms significantly improved both in children with and without anxiety comorbidities. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> We found specific effects of stimulants on anxiety domains. Stimulant treatment, even for ADHD children diagnosed with comorbid anxiety disorders, is relatively safe regarding the risk of anxiety exacerbation. Moreover, the presence of anxiety symptoms or disorders does not interfere with the beneficial effect of the stimulants on the ADHD core symptoms. Clinical trial regestration number: IRB SMC-6893-20.
To Demarcate or Not to Demarcate: Analysis of Marked Versus Unmarked On-Street Parking Efficiency (2016)

Curb space is a valuable asset for urban areas. The space is a finite resource with competing needs from various modes, land uses, and customers. In this context, when the curb space is used for parking, it is important that the space be used as efficiently as possible. There is no unanimous conclusion on whether a demarcated or undemarcated curbside configuration accommodates more vehicles. Most information on this subject is conflicting and anecdotal. This paper presents the results of an in-depth analysis with modeling and field data collection to determine whether a specific configuration is beneficial from a utilization standpoint. It also reviews the state-of-the-practice on demarcating on-street parking spaces and the results of a survey of local jurisdictions’ policies and practice and the logic behind the decision-making process. The authors conclude that factors other than efficiency might drive the decision to demarcate (or not).
Information Seeking of a Robot Swarm based on Robust Model Predictive Control (2016)

In this paper, we propose a cooperative multi-robot control system, operating in dynamic and uncertain environments. We focus on a robust model predictive control (robust MPC) framework that enables robotic agents to operate in uncertain environments. The proposed system includes multiple observation robots that gather information cooperatively as well as a main robot controlled by the robust MPC. Therefore, the system works for not only treating the uncertainty but also decreasing it so that the performance of the robust MPC can be improved. We carry out a Monte Carlo simulation of a multi-robot collision avoidance scenario and analyze a required time for the main robot to arrive at the goal. Simulation results show that the information acquisition by the observation robots enables the main robot to move efficiently and arrive at the goal faster than a case without the observation robots.
Analytical Target Cascading for the Design of an Advanced Technology Heavy Truck (2002)

Analytical target cascading (ATC) is a methodology that can be used during the early development stages of large and complex systems for propagating desirable overall product targets to appropriate individual specifications for the various subsystems and components. The ATC process is applied to the design of an advanced technology heavy truck. A series hybrid-electric propulsion system, in-hub motors, and variable height suspensions are introduced with the intent to improve both commercial and military design attributes according to a dual-use design philosophy. Emphasis is given to fuel economy, ride, and mobility characteristics. These vehicle responses are predicted by appropriately developed analytical and simulation models. This article is an extension to previous work: the engine is now included at the bottom level, several battery types are considered to study their effect on fuel economy, and a more demanding driving schedule is used to assess regenerative braking benefits and ride quality. Results are presented for target values associated with a 100% improvement on fuel economy while maintaining performance attributes relative to existing designs.
The Rearrangement of 2-Amino-5-phenyl-3H-1,4-benzodiazepine 4-Oxides with Acetic Anhydride (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Rearrangement of 2-Amino-5-phenyl-3H-1,4-benzodiazepine 4-Oxides with Acetic AnhydrideStanley C. Bell, Carl Gochman, and Scott J. ChildressCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1963, 28, 11, 3010–3012Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1963https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01046a018Request reuse permissionsArticle Views70Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (372 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Femtosecond laser direct inscription of mid-IR transmitting waveguides in BGG glasses (2017)

A detailed investigation of the photo-inscription of waveguides in barium gallo-germanate (BGG, BaO, GeO2, Ga2O3) glass is presented. Upon irradiation of BGG glass samples of different contents of germanium dioxide with a femtosecond laser pulse train, positive refractive index changes are produced over a wide range of exposure conditions. Waveguides with a controllable diameter ranging from 4 to 35 µm and a maximum index change up to 10−2 were inscribed. A glass sample with custom molecular composition was purified to remove hydroxyl ions and reduce the strong absorption band near 3 µm. A careful tailoring of the writing conditions allowed for the inscription of low-loss waveguides supporting only two transverse modes at the wavelength of 2.78 µm. An upper bound for the propagation losses of 0.5 ± 0.1 dB/cm was determined, showing the great potential of the BGG glass family for the fabrication of core waveguides operating in the 2-4 µm spectral range. Our results actually open a pathway towards the integration of mid-IR photonic devices based on the BGG glass family.
Cycle time and cost reduction in large-size optics production (2005)

Optical fabrication process steps have remained largely unchanged for decades. Raw glass blanks have been rough-machined, generated to near net shape, loose abrasive or fine bound diamond ground and then polished. This set of processes is sequential and each subsequent operation removes the damage and micro cracking induced by the prior operational step. One of the long-lead aspects of this process has been the glass polishing. Primarily, this has been driven by the need to remove relatively large volumes of glass material compared to the polishing removal rate to ensure complete damage removal. The secondary time driver has been poor convergence to final figure and the corresponding polish-metrology cycles. The overall cycle time and resultant cost due to labor, equipment utilization and shop efficiency is increased, often significantly, when the optical prescription is aspheric. In addition to the long polishing cycle times, the duration of the polishing time is often very difficult to predict given that current polishing processes are not deterministic processes. This paper will describe a novel approach to large optics finishing, relying on several innovative technologies to be presented and illustrated through a variety of examples. The cycle time reductions enabled by this approach promises to result in significant cost and lead-time reductions for large size optics. In addition, corresponding increases in throughput will provide for less capital expenditure per square meter of optic produced. This process, comparative cycles time estimates and preliminary results will be discussed.
Conformationally-Induced Geometric Electron Localization. Interrupted Conjugation, Very Large Hyperpolarizabilities, and Sizable Infrared Absorption in Simple Twisted Molecular Chromophores (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTConformationally-Induced Geometric Electron Localization. Interrupted Conjugation, Very Large Hyperpolarizabilities, and Sizable Infrared Absorption in Simple Twisted Molecular ChromophoresIsrael D. L. Albert, Tobin J. Marks, and Mark A. RatnerView Author Information Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 13, 3155–3156Publication Date (Web):April 2, 1997Publication History Received23 December 1996Published online2 April 1997Published inissue 1 April 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja964389vhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja964389vrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views492Altmetric-Citations77LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Chromophores,Infrared light,Mathematical methods,Optical properties,Polarizability Get e-Alerts
The SCL30a SR protein regulates ABA‐dependent seed traits and germination under stress (2023)

SR proteins are conserved RNA-binding proteins best known as splicing regulators that have also been implicated in other steps of gene expression. Despite mounting evidence for a role in plant development and stress responses, the molecular pathways underlying SR protein regulation of these processes remain poorly understood. Here we show that the plant-specific SCL30a SR protein negatively regulates ABA signaling to control seed traits and stress responses during germination in Arabidopsis. Transcriptome-wide analyses revealed that loss of SCL30a function barely affects splicing, but largely induces ABA-responsive gene expression and genes repressed during germination. Accordingly, scl30a mutant seeds display delayed germination and hypersensitivity to ABA and high salinity, while transgenic plants overexpressing SCL30a exhibit reduced ABA and salt stress sensitivity. An ABA biosynthesis inhibitor rescues the enhanced mutant seed stress sensitivity, and epistatic analyses confirm that this hypersensitivity requires a functional ABA pathway. Finally, seed ABA levels are unchanged by altered SCL30a expression, indicating that the gene promotes seed germination under stress by reducing sensitivity to the phytohormone. Our results reveal a new player in ABA-mediated control of early development and stress response.
Isomerization/Recyclization of Some 5‐Ethoxycarbonyl‐Pyrimidines. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Text‐based representations with interpretable machine learning reveal structure–property relationships of polybenzenoid hydrocarbons (2022)

Abstract New tools are developed and applied to enable the use of interpretable machine learning for investigation of structure–property relationships in polybenzenoid hydrocarbons (PBHs). A textual molecular representation, which is based on the annulation sequence of PBHs, is shown to be of utility either in its textual form or as a basis for a curated feature vector. Both forms display interpretability exceeding those achievable by standard SMILES representation; and the former also has increased predictive accuracy. A recently developed model, CUSTODI, was applied for the first time as an interpretable model, identifying important structural features that impact various electronic molecular properties. The resulting insights not only validate several well‐known “rules of thumb” of organic chemistry but also reveal new behaviors and influential structural motifs, thus providing guiding principles for rational design and fine‐tuning of PBHs.
Private Line Emulation over Packet Switched Networks (2025)

This document describes a method for encapsulating high-speed bit-
streams as virtual private wire services (VPWS) over packet switched
networks (PSN) providing complete signal transport transparency.
Quantification of mephenytoin and its metabolites 4′‐hydroxymephenytoin and nirvanol in human urine using a simple sample processing method (2004)

A reliable and easy to use liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method without the use of sample extraction was developed for the simultaneous quantification of urinary concentrations of mephenytoin, a standard phenotyping substrate for the cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP2C19, and its phase I metabolites 4'-hydroxymephenytoin and nirvanol. Fifty microL of urine were diluted with a buffered beta-glucuronidase solution and incubated at 37 degrees C for 6 h followed by addition of methanol, containing the internal standard 4'-methoxymephenytoin. The chromatographic separation was achieved using a 100 x 3 mm, 5 micro Thermo Electron Aquasil C18 column with a gradient flow, increasing the organic fraction (acetonitrile/methanol 50:50) of the mobile phase from 10 to 90%. Quantification by triple-stage mass spectrometry (TSQ Quantum, Thermo Electron) was accomplished by negative electrospray ionization in the selected reaction monitoring mode. Linearity was observed for all substances in the concentration range 15-10 000 ng/mL. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 20 ng/mL for 4'-hydroxymephenytoin and 30 ng/mL for nirvanol and mephenytoin, respectively. Intra- and inter-day inaccuracy did not exceed 9.5% for all substances from LLOQ to 10 000 ng/mL. Intra- and inter-day precision were in the range of 0.8-10.5%. The method was validated according to international ICH and FDA guidelines and successfully applied for phenotyping of Caucasian male volunteers who received an oral dose of 50 mg mephenytoin.
Critical evaluation of the combined model approach for estimation of prehepatic insulin secretion (1998)

The combined model approach uses kinetic analysis of both plasma insulin and C-peptide dynamics to estimate prehepatic insulin secretion rates and parameters of insulin and C-peptide kinetics. The original model used single-compartment kinetics to describe both insulin and C-peptide despite knowledge that C-peptide follows two-compartment kinetics. The performance of the model under rapidly changing secretory conditions has come into question. Thus a more complex combined model is introduced, incorporating two-compartmental C-peptide disappearance. The addition of two-compartment C-peptide kinetics required a novel numerical approach to allow estimation of model parameters. This simulation study was undertaken to 1) compare the performance of the original combined model and 2) examine the numerical method used to identify parameters for the extended combined model with two-compartment C-peptide kinetics under simulated conditions of rapidly changing insulin and C-peptide. Monte Carlo simulation revealed that the original combined model does not provide accurate estimates of prehepatic insulin secretion under rapid kinetics. However, the extended combined model provides accurate reconstruction of prehepatic insulin secretory profile without separate quantification of C-peptide kinetics.
Quantum cryptography takes to the air (1999)

Cryptography has had a long and distinguished history of military and diplomatic use dating back to the ancient Greeks. But secure communications are becoming increasingly important for commercial applications as well. In 1986, for instance, a satellite television broadcast in the US was interrupted by a message from a hacker known as "Captain Midnight". The incident highlighted how easy it was for an unauthorized party to gain control of a satellite system, and sparked a massive criminal investigation. It also motivated researchers to find new ways of ensuring that messages transmitted to and from satellites remain secret.