gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Construction of iron oxide nanoparticle-based hybrid platforms for tumor imaging and therapy (2018)

The aim of this original review is to highlight and analyze the most recent progress and challenges in the synthesis and surface modifications of superparamagnetic iron oxide (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) nanoparticles (NPs) for multimodal imaging and therapy applications, which represent important fields in medicine in general and cancer in particular. Thus, the oncology domain is rapidly moving to a more personalized medicine including precision imaging and theranostic approaches. Novel biocompatible Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticulate systems have been designed for enhanced and targeted cellular uptake by surface layer coating modifications, to have improved r<sub>2</sub> relaxivity for sensitive magnetic resonance (MR) imaging applications, to have the ability to be used for dual mode imaging, and to be used for imaging-guided cancer therapy. In this review, we analyzed in depth the new strategies for generating biocompatible multifunctional Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoplatforms for both the diagnosis and therapy of cancer.
Plasmodium falciparum Merozoite Surface Protein 6 Is a Dimorphic Antigen (2004)

Merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP1) is a highly polymorphic Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein implicated in the invasion of human erythrocytes during the asexual cycle. It forms a complex with MSP6 and MSP7 on the merozoite surface, and this complex is released from the parasite around the time of erythrocyte invasion. MSP1 and many other merozoite surface proteins contain dimorphic elements in their protein structures, and here we show that MSP6 is also dimorphic. The sequences of eight MSP6 genes indicate that the alleles of each dimorphic form of MSP6 are highly conserved. The smaller 3D7-type MSP6 alleles are detected in parasites from all malarious regions of the world, whereas K1-type MSP6 alleles have only been detected in parasites from mainland Southeast Asia. Cleavage of MSP6, which produces the p36 fragment in 3D7-type MSP6 and associates with MSP1, also occurs in K1-type MSP6 but at a different site in the protein. Anti-3D7 MSP6 antibodies weakly inhibited erythrocyte invasion by homologous 3D7 merozoites but did not inhibit a parasite line expressing the K1-type MSP6 allele. Antibodies from hyperimmune individuals affinity purified on an MSP3 peptide cross-reacted with MSP6; therefore, MSP6 may also be a target of antibody-dependent cellular inhibition.
Mean-Squared Error Sampling and Reconstruction in the Presence of Noise (2006)

One of the main goals of sampling theory is to represent a continuous-time function by a discrete set of samples. Here, we treat the class of sampling problems in which the underlying function can be specified by a finite set of samples. Our problem is to reconstruct the signal from nonideal, noisy samples, which are modeled as the inner products of the signal with a set of sampling vectors, contaminated by noise. To mitigate the effect of the noise and the mismatch between the sampling and reconstruction vectors, the samples are linearly processed prior to reconstruction. Considering a statistical reconstruction framework, we characterize the strategies that are mean-squared error (MSE) admissible, meaning that they are not dominated in terms of MSE by any other linear reconstruction. We also present explicit designs of admissible reconstructions that dominate a given inadmissible method. Adapting several classical estimation approaches to our particular sampling problem, we suggest concrete admissible reconstruction methods and compare their performance. The results are then specialized to the case in which the samples are processed by a digital correction filter
CopyCat: An American Sign Language game for deaf children (2011)

The CopyCat game is an interactive educational adventure game to help deaf children improve their language and memory abilities. As part of the CopyCat project, several computer-assisted language learning games have been designed, one of the games “Alien” is shown in Figure 1. Each game entails some sort of quest by the hero to collect items in order to solve a problem. In each quest, the child interacts with the hero (Iris the white cat) via American Sign Language (ASL) to warn her of a villain or identify where a hidden object is located. The child may view the tutor repeatedly if they so choose (see Figure 1). After the child talks to the hero, the child's signing is classified as correct or incorrect. If the child's signing is incorrect, a question mark appears above the hero's head to simulate misunderstanding by the hero, and the child must try again to communicate accurately. If the child's sign is correct, the hero, with the wave of a paw, “poofs” the villain, turning it into an innocuous item, and the hero continues on the quest.
Design and fabrication of low-loss RF MEMS switches for a broadband reflectarray (2004)

This paper presents the design, fabrication and testing of capacitive RF MEMS switches for microwave/mm- wave applications on high-resistivity silicon substrate or glass. The feasibility study and demonstrator fabrication of a new concept of reflector network using MEMS switch based phase-shifters concept for space antennas is presented. These switches can be accurately modeled using 3-D static solvers. The loss in the up-state position is equivalent to the CPW line loss and is 0.1-0.3 dB at 10-40 GHz. It is seen that the capacitance, inductance and series resistance can be accurately extracted from DC-40 GHz S-parameter measurements. The reflector array antennas utilization for phase control avoids the use of very expensive directive antennas and covers a very large frequencies range. We will deal with the configuration, the composition and arrangement of MEMS switches, used to control the phase shift of the electromagnetic wave reflected by each elementary cell.
Accurate double transmission measurement concepts for the permittivity determination in pneumatic conveying tubes with microwaves (2011)

In this contribution, two measurement concepts for the determination of volume fractions in multi phase flows are presented. Essential requirements for the proper functionality of double transmission measurement concepts, such as the feed side reflection suppression, are presented. The first measuring method uses a two state modulator which allows a high accurate feed side reflection suppression. The second measuring method makes use of a transpolarizing reflector which improves measuring speed and decreases setup complexity. In order to verify the introduced measuring methods, various electromagnetic field simulations and measurements on a borosilicate glass tube are presented and discussed in detail.
Effects of Proof Mass Geometry on Piezoelectric Vibration Energy Harvesters (2018)

Piezoelectric energy harvesters have proven to have the potential to be a power source in a wide range of applications. As the harvester dimensions scale down, the resonance frequencies of these devices increase drastically. Proof masses are essential in micro-scale devices in order to decrease the resonance frequency and increase the strain along the beam to increase the output power. In this work, the effects of proof mass geometry on piezoelectric energy harvesters are studied. Different geometrical dimension ratios have significant impact on the resonance frequency, e.g., beam to mass lengths, and beam to mass widths. A piezoelectric energy harvester has been fabricated and tested operating at a frequency of about 4 kHz within the audible range. The responses of various prototypes were studied, and an optimized T-shaped piezoelectric vibration energy harvester design is presented for improved performance.
Using restriction to extend parsing algorithms for complex-feature-based formalisms (1985)

Grammar formalisms based on the encoding of grammatical information in complex-valued feature systems enjoy some currency both in linguistics and natural-language-processing research. Such formalisms can be thought of by analogy to context-free grammars as generalizing the notion of nonterminal symbol from a finite domain of atomic elements to a possibly infinite domain of directed graph structures of a certain sort. Unfortunately, in moving to an infinite nonterminal domain, standard methods of parsing may no longer be applicable to the formalism. Typically, the problem manifests itself as gross inefficiency or even nontermination of the algorithms. In this paper, we discuss a solution to the problem of extending parsing algorithms to formalisms with possibly infinite nonterminal domains, a solution based on a general technique we call restriction. As a particular example of such an extension, we present a complete, correct, terminating extension of Earley's algorithm that uses restriction to perform top-down filtering. Our implementation of this algorithm demonstrates the drastic elimination of chart edges that can be achieved by this technique. Finally, we describe further uses for the technique---including parsing other grammar formalisms, including definite-clause grammars; extending other parsing algorithms, including LR methods and syntactic preference modeling algorithms; and efficient indexing.
Cross-Domain Document Object Detection: Benchmark Suite and Method (2020)

Decomposing images of document pages into high-level semantic regions (e.g., figures, tables, paragraphs), document object detection (DOD) is fundamental for downstream tasks like intelligent document editing and understanding. DOD remains a challenging problem as document objects vary significantly in layout, size, aspect ratio, texture, etc. An additional challenge arises in practice because large labeled training datasets are only available for domains that differ from the target domain. We investigate cross-domain DOD, where the goal is to learn a detector for the target domain using labeled data from the source domain and only unlabeled data from the target domain. Documents from the two domains may vary significantly in layout, language, and genre. We establish a benchmark suite consisting of different types of PDF document datasets that can be utilized for cross-domain DOD model training and evaluation. For each dataset, we provide the page images, bounding box annotations, PDF files, and the rendering layers extracted from the PDF files. Moreover, we propose a novel cross-domain DOD model which builds upon the standard detection model and addresses domain shifts by incorporating three novel alignment modules: Feature Pyramid Alignment (FPA) module, Region Alignment (RA) module and Rendering Layer alignment (RLA) module. Extensive experiments on the benchmark suite substantiate the efficacy of the three proposed modules and the proposed method significantly outperforms the baseline methods. The project page is at \url{https://github.com/kailigo/cddod}.
New Transceiver Designs for Interleaved Frequency-Division Multiple Access (2020)

This paper puts forth a class of new transceiver designs for interleaved frequency division multiple access (IFDMA) systems. These transceivers are significantly less complex than conventional IFDMA transceivers. The simple new designs are founded on a key observation that multiplexing and demultiplexing of IFDMA data streams of different sizes are coincident with the IFFTs and FFTs of different sizes embedded within the Cooley-Tukey recursive FFT decomposition scheme. For flexible resource allocation, this paper puts forth a new IFDMA resource allocation framework called Multi-IFDMA, in which a user can be allocated multiple IFDMA streams. Our new transceivers are unified designs in that they can be used in conventional IFDMA as well as multi-IFDMA systems. Two other well-known multiple-access schemes are localized FDMA (LFDMA) and orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA). In terms of flexibility in resource allocation, Multi-IFDMA, LFDMA, and OFDMA are on an equal footing. With our new transceiver designs, however, IFDMA has the following advantages (besides other known advantages not due to our new transceiver designs): 1) IFDMA/Multi-IFDMA transceivers are significantly less complex than LFDMA transceivers; in addition, IFDMA/Multi-IFDMA has better Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) than LFDMA; 2) IFDMA/Multi-IFDMA transceivers and OFDMA transceivers are comparable in complexity; but IFDMA/Multi-IFDMA has significantly better PAPR than OFDMA.
Structural Transformation Induced by Magnetic Field and “Colossal-Like” Magnetoresistance Response above 313 K in MnAs (2003)

MnAs exhibits a first-order phase transition from a ferromagnetic, high-spin metal hexagonal phase to a paramagnetic, lower-spin insulator orthorhombic phase at T(C)=313 K. Here, we report the results of neutron diffraction experiments showing that an external magnetic field, B, stabilizes the hexagonal phase above T(C). The phase transformation is reversible and constitutes the first demonstration of a bond-breaking transition induced by a magnetic field. The field-induced phase transition is accompanied by an enhanced magnetoresistance of about 17% at 310 K. The phenomenon appears to be similar to that of the colossal magnetoresistance response observed in the Mn [corrected] perovskite family.
Split spectrum: a multi-channel approach to elastic optical networking (2012)

This paper introduces Split Spectrum, which enhances elastic optical networking by splitting a bulk traffic demand into multiple channels, when a single-channel transmission is prohibited by distance or spectrum availability. We performed transmission simulations to determine the maximum reach as a function of modulation format (dual polarization BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM), baud-rate (from 5 to 28 GBd), and number of ROADMs, for a Nyquist WDM super-channel with subcarrier spacing equal to 1.2 × baud-rate. Performance evaluation on two representative topologies shows that, compared to the previously proposed elastic optical networking, Split Spectrum doubles the zero-blocking load and achieves 100% higher network spectral efficiency at zero-blocking loads as a result of extended transmission distance and efficient utilization of spectrum fragments.
Powerformer(R): a giant step in power plant engineering (2003)

Powerformer(R), a new high-voltage generator, was presented by ABB. It offers a direct connection to the power network without the need for a step-up transformer. In a sense, Powerformer incorporates into one unit the functions of both the conventional generator and the step-up transformer. Thanks to its ability to generate electricity at transmission voltage levels, a power plant utilizing Powerformer offers considerable gains with respect to reactive power production and plant efficiency. Thus, Powerformer both facilitates network stability and decreases the exploitation of the natural resources.
Poster session 2 (2012)

Background:Amitochondrialspecificdeacetylase,Sirtuin-3hasbeenreportedtoregulateoxidative phosphorylation, the activity of Cyclophilin D (a key component of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, MPTP), and the ROS scavenger MnSOD. We hypothesised that Sirtuin-3 could be a potential therapeutic target for cardio-protection based its ability to prevent MPTP formation and inhibit ROS generation. MethodsandResults:InHL-1cells(amurinecardiaccellline),over-expressionofSirtuin-3reduced cell death following simulated ischemia-reperfusion injury (assessed by propidium iodide staining). Futhermore, Sirtuin-3 over-expression reduced MPTP formation (assessed by ROS-induced mitochondrial depolarization), and induced mitochondrial fusion (assessed by 3 blinded investigators and the PEG fusion assay). The catalytically inactive mutant form of Sirtuin-3 failed to mediate any of these beneficial effects. To investigate the role of endogenous Sirtuin-3 in the adult heart, Sirtuin-3 (whole body) KO mice and WT littermates were subjected to in vivo cardiac ischemia (30 min) followed by 24 hrs reperfusion. myocardial infarct (MI) size was determined as a percentage of area at risk. Interestingly, no differences in MI size were observed between WT and KO mice under fed conditions.However,overnightfasting(toinduceSirtuin-3expressionandactivity)resultedinasmallerMI size in the Sirtuin-3 KO when compared to WT mice. Conclusions: We report that the role of Sirtuin-3 in cardio-protection differs between the HL-1 cardiac cell line and the adult heart. In the HL-1 cell, Sirtuin-3 over-expression had beneficial effects against acute IRI, suggesting that activating Sirtuin-3 in this cell-line may be cardio-protective. In contrast, fasted mice deficient in Sirtuin-3 had smaller MI following IRI, suggesting that inhibiting Sirtuin-3 in the fasted adult heart may be cardio-protective. This finding may have clinical implications in patients who are fasted before surgery. Cardiovascular Research Supplements (2014) 103, S57‐S94
Ultrafast studies of electronic processes at surfaces using the laser-assisted photoelectric effect with long-wavelength dressing light (2009)

We show that ultrafast surface science studies using the laser-assisted photoelectric effect can benefit from longer-wavelength infrared dressing beams. We compare soft-x-ray photoemission from a Pt(111) surface dressed by 1300 and 780 nm light. Using 1300 nm light, the amplitude of the laser-assisted photoelectric signal is enhanced sevenfold compared with 780 nm. This allows lower dressing laser intensity to be used, which dramatically suppresses undesirable processes such as above-threshold photoemission, desorption, and distortion of the photoemission spectrum due to space charge. This work enables ultrafast studies of surface-adsorbate systems and attosecond electron dynamics over a wider energy range.
Study of Jet Quenching with $ℤ+jet$ Correlations in Pb-Pb and pp Collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 5.02$ TeV (2017)

The production of jets in association with Z bosons, reconstructed via the μ+μ− and e+e− decay channels, is studied in pp and, for the first time, in Pb-Pb collisions. Both data samples were collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC, at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV. The Pb-Pb collisions were analyzed in the 0%–30% centrality range. The back-to-back azimuthal alignment was studied in both pp and Pb-Pb collisions for Z bosons with transverse momentum pZT&gt;60 GeV/c and a recoiling jet with pjetT&gt;30 GeV/c. The pT imbalance xjZ=pjetT/pZT, as well as the average number of jet partners per Z, RjZ, was studied in intervals of pZT. The RjZ is found to be smaller in Pb-Pb than in pp collisions, which suggests that in Pb-Pb collisions a larger fraction of partons associated with the Z bosons fall below the 30 GeV/c pjetT threshold because they lose energy.
Characterization of Pre-Antibiotic Era Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates with Respect to Antibiotic/Disinfectant Susceptibility and Virulence in Galleria mellonella (2015)

The EGD Murray collection consists of approximately 500 clinical bacterial isolates, mainly Enterobacteriaceae, isolated from around the world between 1917 and 1949. A number of these "Murray" isolates have subsequently been identified as Klebsiella pneumoniae. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of these isolates showed that over 30% were resistant to penicillins due to the presence of diverse blaSHV β-lactamase genes. Analysis of susceptibility to skin antiseptics and triclosan showed that while the Murray isolates displayed a range of MIC/minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) values, the mean MIC value was lower than that for more modern K. pneumoniae isolates tested. All Murray isolates contained the cation efflux gene cepA, which is involved in disinfectant resistance, but those that were more susceptible to chlorhexidine were found to have a 9- or 18-bp insertion in this gene. Susceptibility to other disinfectants, e.g., H2O2, in the Murray isolates was comparable to that in modern K. pneumoniae isolates. The Murray isolates were also less virulent in Galleria and had a different complement of putative virulence factors than the modern isolates, with the exception of an isolate related to the modern lineage CC23. More of the modern isolates (41% compared to 8%) are classified as good/very good biofilm formers, but there was overlap in the two populations. This study demonstrated that a significant proportion of the Murray Klebsiella isolates were resistant to penicillins before their routine use. This collection of pre-antibiotic era isolates may provide significant insights into adaptation in K. pneumoniae in relation to biocide susceptibility.
Learning refinements on curve-strokes (2004)

We present a system to beautify curves: i.e. to take curves that roughly depict some property of interest and make them look more like what experts would draw. The focus of our work is in applications for artistic drawings, but our system can also be applied to various other domains where curves and trajectories play a dominant role such as robot path planning, animation or edge-deblurring. Our approach consists of learning properties from a database of ideal example, which could be comic sketches or robot trajectories, and transform a coarse input curve to make it look like those in the database. The key scientific issue is: in what sense are these curves 'like' one another? In our work, this likeness is expressed statistically. Using hidden Markov models in combination with multi-scale methods and mixture models, we synthesize a new curve as a statistically consistent mixture of the training set that best describes the input. Additionally, our approach also allows us to easily include predefined application specific models that can further bias the system.
An Area-Efficient Iterative Single-Precision Floating-Point Multiplier Architecture for FPGA (2019)

Approximate multipliers have been widely used in critical applications, such as machine learning and multimedia, which are tolerant to approximation errors. This paper proposes a novel single-precision floating-point (SPFP) multiplication algorithm and its architecture. The proposed work approximates only one of the operands to reduce the number of logic blocks and iteratively compensates the approximation error to achieve acceptable error ranges in applications. To reduce the accuracy degradation by the single operand approximation, a rounding scheme and an operand selection scheme are additionally introduced. Compared with the widely-known previous iterative Mitchell design, our proposed SPFP multiplier design decreases the numbers of look up tables (LUTs) and flip flops (FFs) by 55% and 59% respectively, and shows two cycles shorter latency. The accuracy of our design becomes close to that of the iterative Mitchell design as the number of iterations increases, and it always meets the error tolerance of 1% when the number of iterations is four.
Automated high throughput microscale antibody purification workflows for accelerating antibody discovery (2018)

To rapidly find "best-in-class" antibody therapeutics, it has become essential to develop high throughput (HTP) processes that allow rapid assessment of antibodies for functional and molecular properties. Consequently, it is critical to have access to sufficient amounts of high quality antibody, to carry out accurate and quantitative characterization. We have developed automated workflows using liquid handling systems to conduct affinity-based purification either in batch or tip column mode. Here, we demonstrate the capability to purify >2000 antibodies per day from microscale (1 mL) cultures. Our optimized, automated process for human IgG1 purification using MabSelect SuRe resin achieves ∼70% recovery over a wide range of antibody loads, up to 500 µg. This HTP process works well for hybridoma-derived antibodies that can be purified by MabSelect SuRe resin. For rat IgG2a, which is often encountered in hybridoma cultures and is challenging to purify via an HTP process, we established automated purification with GammaBind Plus resin. Using these HTP purification processes, we can efficiently recover sufficient amounts of antibodies from mammalian transient or hybridoma cultures with quality comparable to conventional column purification.