gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simulation Analysis of Higher Order Laterally-Coupled Distributed Feedback Lasers (2008)

Laterally-coupled distributed feedback (LC-DFB) lasers use a lithographic fabrication step to define the distributed feedback grating, avoiding subsequent regrowth. Using higher order gratings can enhance the lithographic tolerance for lower resolution patterning, yielding lasers more amenable to fabrication. We show that LC-DFB lasers with higher order gratings, although requiring a higher threshold gain than those of first-order, provide a degree of longitudinal mode discrimination. Incorporating radiating partial waves, we have calculated modified coupled-mode coefficients for various duty cycles, grating orders, and grating geometries using a two-dimensional finite-element method. The modified coupled-mode equations were solved with and without a lambda/4 phase shift. The phase shift, while beneficial for first-order gratings, was found to generally diminish laser performance for lasers with higher order gratings.
Enhanced Segregation of a Diblock Copolymer Caused by Hydrogen Bonding (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnhanced Segregation of a Diblock Copolymer Caused by Hydrogen BondingKevin H. Dai, Edward J. Kramer, Jean M. J. Frechet, Paul G. Wilson, Robert S. Moore, and Timothy E. LongCite this: Macromolecules 1994, 27, 18, 5187–5191Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1994https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00096a049RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views138Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Estrogen expands breast cancer stem-like cells through paracrine FGF/Tbx3 signaling (2010)

Many tumors contain heterogeneous populations of cells, only some of which exhibit increased tumorigenicity and resistance to anticancer therapies. Evidence suggests that these aggressive cancer cells, often termed "cancer stem cells" or "cancer stem-like cells" (CSCs), rely upon developmental signaling pathways that are important for survival and expansion of normal stem cells. Here we report that, in analogy to embryonic mammary epithelial biology, estrogen signaling expands the pool of functional breast CSCs through a paracrine FGF/FGFR/Tbx3 signaling pathway. Estrogen or FGF9 pretreatment induced CSC properties of breast cancer cell lines and freshly isolated breast cancer cells, whereas cotreatment of cells with tamoxifen or a small molecule inhibitor of FGFR signaling was sufficient to prevent the estrogen-induced expansion of CSCs. Furthermore, reduction of FGFR or Tbx3 gene expression was able to abrogate tumorsphere formation, whereas ectopic Tbx3 expression increased tumor seeding potential by 100-fold. These findings demonstrate that breast CSCs are stimulated by estrogen through a signaling pathway that similarly controls normal mammary epithelial stem cell biology.
Understanding and improving speech recognition performance through the use of diagnostic tools (2002)

The goal of this work is to highlight aspects of an experiment other than the word error rate. When a speech recognition experiment is performed, the word error rate provides no insight into the factors responsible for the recognition errors. We begin this paper by describing an experiment which contrasts the language of conversational speech with that of text from the Wall Street Journal. The remainder of the paper is devoted to the description of a more general approach to performance diagnosis which identifies significant sources of error in a given experiment. The technique is based on the use of binary classification trees; we refer to the results of our analyses as diagnostic trees. Beyond providing understanding, diagnostic trees allow for improvements in the performance of a recognizer through the use of feedback provided by quantifying confidence in the recognition.
Modelling the performance of ECC repair systems under differential volume changes (2008)

Most materials used in concrete repairs have a tendency to deform due to shrinkage, heat release at early age and ambient temperature change. The restraint of these deformations by substrate concrete induces stresses in repair systems. The stresses can lead to vertical cracking through the thickness of the repair material, peeling of the repair material from the substrate concrete and/ or delamination of the interface. ECC has been proposed to be one of the most promising repair materials. Unlike common cement-based materials ECC shows tensile strain-hardening behaviour with strain capacity in the range of 3-7%, which is hundreds of times of the strain capacity of common cement-based materials. Figure 1 shows the typical tensile stress-strain curve and the average crack width of ECC. The high ductility of ECC is achieved by multiple cracking. When ECC is used as repair material, the multiple cracking can release stresses in repair systems induced by differential volume changes. The risk of repair material in tension and interface delamination is therefore reduced. It can be expect that the use of ECC can enhance the durability of concrete repairs. This phenomenon has been demonstrated both in the laboratory and in the field. An analytical model was developed to calculate stresses in repair systems subjected todifferential volume changes. In this paper, this model will be further developed to estimate the performance of ECC repair systems under differential volume changes. The modelling results, with comparisons to experimental observations, are reported here.
Hydrogen incorporation into amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide thin-film transistors (2022)

An experimental study is conducted in which the subgap trap density of states (DoS) is measured by ultrabroadband photoconduction (UBPC) to examine hydrogen incorporation into the channel layer of top-gate amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide (a-IGZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs). UBPC reveals that hydrogen incorporation leads to the creation of a spectrally broad (∼0.3 eV FWHM) distribution of electronic states in the bandgap centered at 0.4 eV above the valence band mobility edge and to an increase in valence band tail state density. Concomitantly, drain current–gate voltage transfer curves demonstrate that hydrogen incorporation results in a negative shift in the turn-on voltage. Quantitatively, electronic state densities estimated by UBPC and the turn-on voltage shift are identical. These experimental findings imply that hydrogen acts as a donor in a-IGZO, but that its donor ionization energy is extraordinarily large, i.e., ∼2.8 eV, inconsistent with that of a normal donor. It is proposed that this anomalous donor behavior is a consequence of the negative-U property of hydrogen in a-IGZO in which hydrogen ionization precedes its incorporation into the lattice network.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS, BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY AND RESISTANCE TO ACID AND PENICILLINASE OF SOME GAMMA‐PYRONEPENICILLINS (1975)

Abstract Die Säuren (I) wurden nach der Methode der gemischten Anhydride mit Aminopenicillansäure (II) zu den Penicillinen (III) umgesetzt.
In Vitro Synthesis of Connectin in an Extract of Chicken Embryo Muscles. (1987)

Incorporation of <sup>35</sup>S-methionine into connectin during protein synthesis in an extract from chicken embryo muscles was detected by autoradiography after immunoprecipitation with anti-connectin antibodies followed by SDS gel electrophoresis. Any radioactivity of peptides smaller than connectin but larger than actin was not detected with anti-connectin antibodies reacted samples. On the other hand, incorporation of radioactive methionine into nebulin was not observed.
Rapid Prototyping for Soft‐Matter Electronics (2014)

A series of rapid and inexpensive methods to produce elastically soft sensors and circuits in minutes using a CO 2 laser (10.6 μm wavelength) are introduced. These soft‐matter electronics are composed of laser‐patterned films of conductive poly(dimethylsiloxane) (cPDMS) and liquid‐phase gallium–indium (GaIn) alloy embedded in a thin sheet of soft silicone elastomer. Direct laser patterning eliminates the need for photolithography, replica molding, and customized inkjet or microcontact (μCP) printing, and allows conductive traces of cPDMS and liquid GaIn to be rapidly integrated into a single soft‐matter circuit. The versatility of this fabrication method is demonstrated by the production of a variety of electrically functional soft‐matter sensors and circuit elements that contain features with &gt;150 μm planar dimensions. It is postulate that in the case of GaIn alloy patterning occurs when the recoil force of the escaping vapor exceeds the liquid's surface tension. This mechanism exploits the unique “moldability” of liquid GaIn alloy, which forms a surface oxide of Ga 2 O 3 that allows the patterned film to maintain its shape.
Coarse-grained Semantic Characterization of Large Knowledge Resources (2018)

This work presents an experimental study about the automatic assignment of semantic groups to concepts of large knowledge resources (KR) such as DBpedia1 or BabelNet2. Our proposal combines a simple lexico-statistical method for hypernym extraction combined with document and word embeddings extracted from Wikipedia. Results are encouraging and open new directions for improving other tasks related to large KR management like debugging and semantic annotation.
Proposal for a Wavelength Multiplexed Quantum Metropolitan Area Network (2013)

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is maturing quickly. However, the current approaches to its network use require conditions that make it an expensive technology. All the QKD networks deployed to date are designed as a collection of dedicated point-to-point links that use the trusted repeater paradigm. Instead, we propose a novel network model in which QKD systems use simultaneously quantum and conventional signals that are wavelength multiplexed over a common communication infrastructure. Signals are transmitted end-to-end within a metropolitan area using optical components. The model resembles a commercial telecom network and takes advantage of existing components, thus allowing for a cost-effective and reliable deployment.
Evaluating competing agent strategies for a voice email agent (1997)

This paper reports experimental results comparing a mixed-initiative to a system-initiative dialog strategy in the context of a personal voice email agent. To independently test the effects of dialog strategy and user expertise, users interact with either the system-initiative or the mixed-initiative agent to perform three successive tasks which are identical for both agents. We report performance comparisons across agent strategies as well as over tasks. This evaluation utilizes and tests the PARADISE evaluation framework, and discusses the performance function derivable from the experimental data.
Evaluation of compartmental and spectral analysis models of [/sup 18/F]FDG kinetics for heart and brain studies with PET (1998)

Various models have been proposed to quantitate from [18F]-Fluoro-Deoxy-Glucose ([18F]FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) data glucose regional metabolic rate. We evaluate here four models, a three-rate constants (3K) model, a four-rate constants (4K) model, an heterogeneous model (TH) and a spectral analysis (SA) model. The data base consists of [18F]FDG dynamic data obtained in the myocardium and brain gray and white matter. All models were identified by nonlinear weighted least squares with weights chosen optimally. We show that: 1) 3K and 4K models are indistinguishable in terms of parsimony criteria and choice should be made on parameter precision and physiological plausibility; in the gray matter a more complex model than the 3K one is resolvable; 2) the TH model is resolvable in the gray but not in the white matter; 3) the classic SA approach has some unnecessary hypotheses built in and can be in principle misleading; we propose here a new SA model which is more theoretically sound; 4) this new SA approach supports the use of a 3K model in the heart with a 60 min experimental period; it also indicates that heterogeneity in the brain is modest in the white matter; 5) [18F]FDG fractional uptake estimates of the four models are very close in the heart, but not in the brain; 6) a higher than 60 min experimental time is preferable for brain studies.
Publisher Correction: Color and cellular selectivity of retinal ganglion cell subtypes through frequency modulation of electrical stimulation (2021)

Figure 8. The influence of electrode-cell distance on response and selective activation of RGCs at 200 Hz. (A) Firing rates of the A2 and D1 RGCs as a function of current amplitude for four difference electrode-soma distances (20 m, 50 m, 100 m, and 200 m). (B) Current amplitude difference between the two cells required to obtain firing rates (FRs) of 20 Hz, 100 Hz, and 200 Hz with increase in the electrode-soma distance. Data show that the differential firing rate and current amplitude of RGCs increased with increasing electrode-cell distance, suggesting the enhanced chance for preferential activation of D1 cells.
Temporally selective contextual encoding in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus (2014)

A recent model of the hippocampus predicts that the unique properties of the dentate gyrus allow for temporal separation of events. This temporal separation is accomplished in part through the continual generation of new neurons, which, due to a transient window of hyperexcitability, could allow for preferential encoding of information present during their development. Here we obtain in vivo electrophysiological recordings and identify a cell population exhibiting activity that is selective to single contexts when rats experience a long temporal separation between context exposures during training. This selectivity is attenuated as the temporal separation between context exposures is shortened and is further attenuated when neurogenesis is reduced. Our data reveal the existence of a temporal orthogonalizing neuronal code within the dentate gyrus, a hallmark feature of episodic memory.
Search for Br∗ production in the D+DBr reaction (2010)

Deuterium bromide (DBr) is expanded from a pulsed jet into a vacuum and a synchronized pulsed laser causes photodissociation of some of the DBr molecules to produce primarily (approximately 85%) ground-state bromine atoms ((2)P(3/2)) and fast D atoms. The latter collide with the cold DBr molecules and react to produce molecular deuterium (D(2)) via two possible channels, the adiabatic channel D(2)+Br((2)P(3/2)) and the nonadiabatic channel D(2)+Br*((2)P(1/2)), which are asymptotically separated in energy by the spin-orbit splitting (0.457 eV) of the bromine atom. Ion images are recorded for D(2)(v'=1, J'=16, 18-21), D(2)(v'=2, J'=6,7, 10-12, 14-16), and D(2)(v'=3, J'=2-5) for various collision energies. For the nonadiabatic production of spin-orbit-excited Br* in the D+DBr reaction for the conditions studied we estimate that this channel contributes 1% or less.
Cloning and Characterization of DST2, the Gene for DNA Strand Transfer Protein β from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1991)

The gene encoding the 180-kDa DNA strand transfer protein beta from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was identified and sequenced. This gene, DST2 (DNA strand transferase 2), was located on chromosome VII. dst2 gene disruption mutants exhibited temperature-sensitive sporulation and a 50% longer generation time during vegetative growth than did the wild type. Spontaneous mitotic recombination in the mutants was reduced severalfold for both intrachromosomal recombination and intragenic gene conversion. The mutants also had reduced levels of the intragenic recombination that is induced during meiosis. Meiotic recombinants were, however, somewhat unstable in the mutants, with a decrease in recombinants and survival upon prolonged incubation in sporulation media. spo13 or spo13 rad50 mutations did not relieve the sporulation defect of dst2 mutations. A dst1 dst2 double mutant has the same phenotype as a dst2 single mutant. All phenotypes associated with the dst2 mutations could be complemented by a plasmid containing DST2.
Random Paraunitary Projections (2021)

Transforms using random matrices have been found to have many applications. We are concerned with the projection of a signal onto Gaussian-distributed random orthogonal bases. We also would like to easily invert the process through transposes in order to facilitate iterative reconstruction. We derive an efficient method to implement random unitary matrices of larger sizes through a set of Givens rotations. Random angles are hierarchically generated on-the-fly and the inverse merely requires traversing the angles in reverse order. Hierarchical randomization of angles also enables reduced storage. Using the random unitary matrices as building blocks we introduce random paraunitary systems (filter banks). We also highlight an efficient implementation of the paraunitary system and of its inverse. We also derive an adaptive under-decimated system, wherein one can control and adapt the amount of projections the signal undergoes, in effect, varying the sampling compression ratio as we go along the signal, without segmenting it. It may locally range from very compressive sampling matrices to (para) unitary random ones. One idea is to adapt to local sparseness characteristics of non-stationary signals.
The Status and Future of Acupuncture Clinical Research (2020)

On November 8–9, 2007, the Society for Acupuncture Research (SAR) hosted an international conference to mark the tenth anniversary of the landmark National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference on Acupuncture. More than 300 acupuncture researchers, practitioners, students, funding agency personnel, and health policy analysts from 20 countries attended the SAR meeting held at the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. This paper summarizes important invited lectures in the area of clinical research. Specifically, included are: a review of the recently conducted German trials and observational studies on low-back pain (LBP), gonarthrosis, migraine, and tension-type headache (the Acupuncture Research Trials and the German Acupuncture Trials, plus observational studies); a systematic review of acupuncture treatment for knee osteoarthritis (OA); and an overview of acupuncture trials in neurologic conditions, LBP, women's health, psychiatric disorders, and functional bowel disorders. A summary of the use of acupuncture in cancer care is also provided. Researchers involved in the German trials concluded that acupuncture is effective for treating chronic pain, but the correct selection of acupuncture points seems to play a limited role; no conclusions could be drawn about the placebo aspect of acupuncture, due to the design of the studies. Overall, when compared to sham, acupuncture did not show a benefit in treating knee OA or LBP, but acupuncture was better than a wait-list control and standard of care, respectively. In women's health, acupuncture has been found to be beneficial for patients with premenstrual syndrome, dysmenorrhea, several pregnancy-related conditions, and nausea in females who have cancers. Evidence on moxibustion for breech presentation, induction of labor, and reduction of menopausal symptoms is still inconclusive. In mental health, evidence for acupuncture's efficacy in treating neurologic and functional bowel disorder is still inconclusive. For chronic cancer-related problems such as pain, acupuncture may work well in stand-alone clinics; however, for acute or treatment-related symptoms, integration of acupuncture care into a busy and complex clinical environment is unlikely, unless compelling evidence of a considerable patient benefit can be established.
Origin of high piezoelectric activity in ferroelectric (K0.44Na0.52Li0.04)−(Nb0.84Ta0.1Sb0.06)O3 ceramics (2008)

We study the temperature dependence of dielectric constant (K) and spontaneous polarization (Ps) in the range of −95–200°C. Cubic (C)-tetragonal (T) and T-orthorhombic (O) transitions are observed at 264 and 25°C, respectively. The Curie–Weiss temperature of C-T transition is 249°C, indicating it is first order. X-ray data indicate T-O phase coexistence at 25°C. A singularity in Ps at 25°C and a T-O phase coexistence spanning 25–31°C was observed, wherein Ps increases from 17×10−2C∕m2 at 31°Cto23×10−2C∕m2 25°C. The transition at 25°C appears diffusionless and polymorphic with martensite start and finish temperatures of 31 and 25°C, respectively. The maximum in d33 is 345pC∕N and is attributed to the instability at 25°C, where Ps and K show singularity.
“This” and “That” in Teleshopping with Possessive Telepresence Systems using 5G Mobile Networks (2022)

With the growth of communication technology, it has become possible to use telepresence systems to allow people to feel present when they are in a remote location. The way that people in remote locations share knowledge and act together toward people in local locations can be thought of as the possession of people in remote locations by people in local locations. Therefore, by using possession, users can consume the service as if they were two people. In this paper, we propose a possession-based teleshopping system that allows a person with the intention to purchase something in a remote location to possess a person wearing an MR-HMD in a local location, thereby enabling a local purchasing experience. To carry out this study, we visited a clothes shop, a convenience store, and a movie theater using two patterns of communication lines over 4G and 5G, where the remote possessor instructed the local possessee to do the shopping. The fieldwork revealed that the possessee could respond flexibly to the possessor's directive words such as "this" and "that" due to the ease of sharing visibility. In addition, because the possessee was able to accurately convey visual information such as the price and color of the product, the possessor was able to make smoother purchasing decisions, and the possessee was able to make payments and perform other tasks without delay. Furthermore, the relationship between the possessor and the possessee was such that they were able to compensate for each other's lack of knowledge. As a result, the possession system makes it possible to perform a task with the knowledge of two people, even though they appear to be one person face-to-face with other people in economic activities.
Mass and heat transfer modeling of a physical vapor deposition effusion source (2005)

Abstract The effusion sources modeled in this article are part of a continuous process for production of thin‐film photovoltaic modules. Industrial production requires tight control of the vapor flow rates during long run times. A dynamic model is developed to provide physical insight, facilitate simulation studies, and to be incorporated into model‐based control schemes. Prediction of the vapor flow rate requires both the mass and energy balance to be solved. Model parameters are estimated based on literature and experimental data, and the entire model is shown to be consistent with independent experimental data. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 51: 878–894, 2005