gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of the adenosine A1receptor on blood pressure regulation and renin release (2005)

The present study was performed to investigate the role of adenosine A1 receptors in regulating blood pressure in conscious mice. Adenosine A1-receptor knockout (A1R-/-) mice and their wild-type (A1R+/+) littermates were placed on standardized normal-salt (NS), high-salt (HS), or salt-deficient (SD) diets for a minimum of 10 days before telemetric blood pressure and urinary excretion measurements in metabolic cages. On the NS diet, daytime and nighttime mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) was 7-10 mmHg higher in A1R-/- than in A1R+/+ mice. HS diet did not affect the MAP in A1R-/- mice, but the daytime and nighttime MAP of the A1R+/+ mice increased by approximately 10 mmHg, to the same level as that in the A1R-/-. On the SD diet, day- and nighttime MAP decreased by approximately 6 mmHg in both A1R-/- and A1R+/+ mice, although the MAP remained higher in A1R-/- than in A1R+/+ mice. Although plasma renin levels decreased with increased salt intake in both genotypes, the A1R-/- mice had an approximately twofold higher plasma renin concentration on all diets compared with A1R+/+ mice. Sodium excretion was elevated in the A1R-/- compared with the A1R+/+ mice on the NS diet. There was no difference in sodium excretion between the two genotypes on the HS diet. Even on the SD diet, A1R-/- mice had an increased sodium excretion compared with A1R+/+ mice. An abolished tubuloglomerular feedback response and reduced tubular reabsorption can account for the elevated salt excretion found in A1R-/- animals. The elevated plasma renin concentrations found in the A1R-/- mice could also result in increased blood pressure. Our results confirm that adenosine, acting through the adenosine A1 receptor, plays an important role in regulating blood pressure, renin release, and sodium excretion.
Giant Frictional Drag in Double Bilayer Graphene Heterostructures (2016)

We study the frictional drag between carriers in two bilayer graphene flakes separated by a 2-5 nm thick hexagonal boron nitride dielectric. At temperatures (T) lower than ∼10 K, we observe a large anomalous negative drag emerging predominantly near the drag layer charge neutrality. The anomalous drag resistivity increases dramatically with reducing T, and becomes comparable to the layer resistivity at the lowest T=1.5 K. At low T the drag resistivity exhibits a breakdown of layer reciprocity. A comparison of the drag resistivity and the drag layer Peltier coefficient suggests a thermoelectric origin of this anomalous drag.
Applying Machine Learning to Understand Water Security and Water Access Inequality in Underserved Colonia Communities (2023)

This paper explores the application of machine learning to enhance our understanding of water accessibility issues in underserved communities called Colonias located along the northern part of the United States - Mexico border. We analyzed more than 2000 such communities using data from the Rural Community Assistance Partnership (RCAP) and applied hierarchical clustering and the adaptive affinity propagation algorithm to automatically group Colonias into clusters with different water access conditions. The Gower distance was introduced to make the algorithm capable of processing complex datasets containing both categorical and numerical attributes. To better understand and explain the clustering results derived from the machine learning process, we further applied a decision tree analysis algorithm to associate the input data with the derived clusters, to identify and rank the importance of factors that characterize different water access conditions in each cluster. Our results complement experts' priority rankings of water infrastructure needs, providing a more in-depth view of the water insecurity challenges that the Colonias suffer from. As an automated and reproducible workflow combining a series of tools, the proposed machine learning pipeline represents an operationalized solution for conducting data-driven analysis to understand water access inequality. This pipeline can be adapted to analyze different datasets and decision scenarios.
Ultra-low power and ultra-low voltage RF CMOS circuits and system design techniques (2016)

The main focus of this thesis is to mitigate circuit design challenges under ultra-low power (ULP) and ultra-low voltage (ULV) conditions to implement ULP and ULV circuits and systems suitable for low power wireless sensor networks operating from the energy scavenged from the environment. The design of power ecient transceivers requires careful optimization at the circuit level. ULV circuit design challenges are fully investigated in this work to address its importance in low power transceivers operating with energy harvesting. It is shown that ULV supply has severe impacts on the performance of a MOS transistor. New solutions like forward body biasing, new biasing scheme optimized for ULP and ULV design, current-reuse and etc. are introduced to mitigate these performance degradations.Several ULP and ULV wideband RF low noise amplifiers (LNAs) are designed and fabricated to prove the concept. The rst one is a resistive shunt-feedback LNA fabricated in a 90-nm TSMC CMOS using multiple ULP and ULV techniques. This prototype achieves high gure of merit (FoM) while consuming sub-mW power from a 0.5-V supply. The secondone is an inductorless, wideband LNA implemented in an IBM 0.13-um CMOS technology which uses a current-reused tunable active shunt-feedback for input impedance matching.Employing ULP design techniques, this LNA consumes only 400-W while illustrating high FoM. The third fabricated LNA, also implemented in an IBM 0.13-um CMOS, utilizes multiple ULP and ULV design techniques which lead to the best FoM in the literature to the best of the author knowledge, with only 0.25-mW power from a 0.5-V supply. Finally, aUWB current-reuse noise cancelling LNA is implemented that achieves high performance while consuming 410-W from a 0.4-V supply which makes it suitable for systems operating from energy harvesting.As a low power system-level solution, impulse radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) technology with short pulses in the time domain which allows the transceiver to be duty cycled, is considered for ULP wireless sensor networks. In this work, a non-coherent chirp-FSK IR-UWB receiver based on continuous time slicing and low power injection locked clock recovery is implemented. The RF front-end of the receiver is implemented in an IBM 0.13m CMOS.It achieves a tuned voltage gain of 20-30-dB with a NF of 7-dB and the static power consumption of only 1.75-mW from a 0.5-V supply voltage. Overall, the proposed techniques, circuits and system improve the power eciency both at circuit and system level and are suitable for ULP and ULV applications such as energy scavenged wireless sensor networks.%%%%L'interet principal de cette these est de reduire les des relies a la conception de circuits operant dans des conditions de ultra-basse puissance (UBP) et ultra-bas voltage (UBV) afin d'implementer des circuits et systemes applicables aux reseaux de capteurs de basse puissance operant a l'aide d'energie recuperee de sources ambiantes. La conception de transmetteur/recepteur requiere une attention particuliere a l'optimisation au…
Localized and Delocalized Electrons in Room-Temperature Stable Electride [Ca24Al28O64]4+(O2-)2-x(e-)2x: Analysis of Optical Reflectance Spectra (2008)

[Ca24Al28O64]4+(O2-)2-x(e-)2x (0 ≤ x ≤ 2, C12A7:e-) crystal shows a metal−insulator transition at x ∼ 1. Varied concentrations of electrons (Ne) are introduced in the subnanometer-sized crystallographic cages of [Ca24Al28O64]4+(O2-)2 (12CaO·7Al2O3, C12A7) in place of the O2- ions accommodated in the cages. The optical reflectance spectra of C12A7:e- crystals were analyzed using the Drude−Lorentz model to examine the electronic states and carrier transport mechanisms experimentally. The concentrations of localized electrons trapped in the cages were estimated from Lorentz-type optical responses around 0.4 and 2.8 eV, and those of delocalized electrons from a Drude-type response. C12A7:e- with Ne lower than 5 × 1020 cm-3 (x ∼ 0.5) shows polaronic hopping conduction and its reflectance spectrum shows only the Lorentz-type responses. The Drude-type response starts to appear when Ne exceeds 5 × 1020, and coexists with the Lorentz-type responses at Ne between 5 × 1020 and 2 × 1021 cm-3 (x ∼ 2), which indicates that the localized electrons coexist with the delocalized electrons even in the metallic samples. These results support previous theoretical studies proposing that a strong electron−lattice interaction deforms the soft cage structure of C12A7, and forming an insulating state at the low Ne limit, while the cage deformation is reduced at the high Ne limit, leading to the insulator−metal transition.
Experimental tests of post-tensioned girders strengthened with prestressed CFRP composites (2014)

The paper presents a research carried out within the framework of the Polish-Swiss “Tulcoempa” project, carried out by Lodz University of Technology and EMPA Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology. The main goal of the project was to perform the first field application of an innovative, anchorless flexural strengthening with use of prestressed CFRP laminates on an existing bridge in Poland. Laboratory tests were conducted to verify the efficiency of the strengthening of two real-scale, 18.4m long, post-tensioned bridge girders reconstructed at EMPA institute. Flexural strengthening was successful and resulted in an increase of the member’s load capacity by 24% and reduction of the midspan deflection by more than 60%.
MurineHepatitis Virus Strain 1 Produces a Clinically Relevant Model of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome in A/J Mice (2006)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a life-threatening infectious disease which has been difficult to study and treat because of the lack of a readily available animal model. Intranasal infection of A/J mice with the coronavirus murine hepatitis virus strain 1 (MHV-1) produced pulmonary pathological features of SARS. All MHV-1-infected A/J mice developed progressive interstitial pneumonitis, including dense macrophage infiltrates, giant cells, and hyaline membranes, resulting in death of all animals. In contrast, other mouse strains developed only mild transitory disease. Infected A/J mice had significantly higher cytokine levels, particularly macrophage chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1/CCL-2), gamma interferon, and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Furthermore, FGL2/fibroleukin mRNA transcripts and protein and fibrin deposits were markedly increased in the lungs of infected A/J mice. These animals developed a less robust type I interferon response to MHV-1 infection than resistant C57BL/6J mice, and treatment with recombinant beta interferon improved survival. This study describes a potentially useful small animal model of human SARS, defines its pathogenesis, and suggests treatment strategies.
Interim PET-results for prognosis in adults with Hodgkin lymphoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prognostic factor studies (2019)

This review provides moderate-certainty evidence that interim PET scan results predict OS, and very low-certainty evidence that interim PET scan results predict progression-free survival in treated individuals with HL. This evidence is primarily based on unadjusted data. More studies are needed to test the adjusted prognostic ability of interim PET against established prognostic factors.
Introduction to the Special Issue on the 2019 Symposium on VLSI Circuits (2020)

This Special Issue of the IEEE Journal of Solidstate Circuits highlights some of the best papers presented at the 33rd Symposium on VLSI Circuits, held on June 10–14, 2019, at Rihga Royal Hotel Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan. Industry and university engineers from all over the world reported innovative new techniques and state-of-the-art results. Articles presented covered a broad range of topics important to VLSI circuit and system designers, including topics also important to integrated circuit technology developers.
Photoinduced Electron Transfer across Oligo-p-phenylene Bridges. Distance and Conformational Effects in Ru(II)−Rh(III) Dyads (2007)

A series of rodlike ruthenium(II)-rhodium(III) polypyridine dyads based on modular oligo-p-phenylene bridges, of the general formula [(Me2phen)2Ru-bpy-(ph)n-bpy-Rh(Me2bpy)]5+ (Me2phen=4,7-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline; bpy=2,2'-bipyridine; ph=1,4-phenylene; n=1-3), have been synthesized and their photophysical properties investigated. The dyad [(Me2bpy)2Ru-bpy-(ph)3'-bpy-Rh(Me2bpy)]5+ with the central phenylene unit bearing two hexyl chains has also been studied. The metal-to-metal distance reaches 24 A for the longest (n=3) spacer in the series. For all of the dyads in a room-temperature CH3CN solution, quenching of the typical metal-to-ligand charge-transfer luminescence of the Ru-based chromophoric unit is observed, indicating that an efficient intramolecular photoinduced electron transfer from the excited Ru moiety to the Rh-based unit takes place. The rate constants for the electron-transfer process have been determined by time-resolved emission and absorption spectroscopy in the nanosecond and picosecond time scale. An exponential dependence of experimental transfer rates on the bridge length is observed, consistent with a superexchange mechanism. An attenuation factor beta of 0.65 A(-1) is determined, in line with the behavior of other systems containing oligo-p-phenylene spacers. Interestingly, for n=3, the presence/absence of hexyl substituents in the central p-phenylene ring causes a 10-fold difference in the rates between otherwise identical dyads. This comparison highlights the importance of the twist angle between adjacent spacers on the overall through-bond donor-acceptor coupling.
Data mining, hypergraph transversals, and machine learning (1997)

Several data mining problems can be formulated as problems of finding maximally specific sentences that are interesting in a database. We first show that this problem has a close relationship with the hypergraph transversal problem. We then analyze two algorithms that have been previously used in data mining, proving upper bounds on their complexity. The first algorithm is useful when the maximally specific interesting sentences are &amp;amp;quot;small&amp;amp;quot;. We show that this algorithm can also be used to efficiently solve a special case of the hypergraph transversal problem, improving on previous results. The second algorithm utilizes a subroutine for hypergraph transversals, and is applicable in more general situations, with complexity close to a lower bound for the problem. We also relate these problems to the model of exact learning in computational learning theory, and use the correspondence to derive some corollaries. 1
Acinar Cell Cystadenoma of the Pancreas (2013)

Acinar cell cystadenoma (ACA) of the pancreas was initially described as a non-neoplastic cyst of the pancreas and, at that time, referred to as "acinar cystic transformation." In subsequent studies, these lesions were given the designation of "-oma," despite the relative lack of evidence supporting a neoplastic process. To characterize these lesions further, we examined the clinical, pathologic, and immunohistochemical features of 8 ACAs. The majority of patients were female (7 of 8, 88%) and ranged in age from 18 to 57 years (mean, 43 y). Grossly, the cysts involved the head (n=5), body (n=1), or the entire pancreas (n=2). ACAs were either multilocular (n=4) or unilocular (n=4) and ranged in size from 1.8 to 15 cm (mean, 6.8 cm). Histologically, multilocular ACAs were lined by patches of acinar and ductal epithelium. Immunolabeling, including double-labeling for cytokeratin 19 and chymotrypsin, highlighted the patchy pattern of the ductal and acinar cells lining the cysts. In some areas, the cysts with patches of acinar and ductal differentiation formed larger locules with incomplete septa as they appeared to fuse with other cysts. In contrast, the unilocular cases were lined by 1 to 2 cell layers of acinar cells with little intervening ductal epithelium. Nuclear atypia, mitotic figures, necrosis, infiltrative growth, and associated invasive carcinoma were absent in all cases. In addition, we assessed the clonal versus polyclonal nature of ACAs, occurring in women, using X-chromosome inactivation analysis of the human androgen receptor (AR) gene. Five of 7 cases were informative and demonstrated a random X-chromosome inactivation pattern. Clinical follow-up information was available for all patients, and follow-up ranged from 10 months to 7.8 years (mean, 3.6 y), with no evidence of recurrence or malignant transformation. We hypothesize that early lesions are marked by acinar dilatation that expands into and incorporates smaller ductules and later larger ducts. As the cysts increase in size, they fuse forming larger cysts. Later lesions demonstrate a unilocular cyst lined by predominantly acinar epithelium with scattered ductal cells. The term cystadenoma, with its neoplastic connotation, does not seem to accurately reflect the histologic, immunohistochemical, or molecular features of these lesions. We suggest readopting the term "acinar cystic transformation" until the non-neoplastic versus neoplastic origin of these lesions can be resolved.
Proteomic Analysis of Plasma Membrane Vesicles (2009)

A simple and scalable method is presented for harvesting, purification, and on-chip processing of mammalian plasma membrane vesicles (PMVs) optimized for downstream proteome analysis. After immobilization on a microfluidic flowcell of PMVs, the embedded membrane proteins are proteolytically digested, and the peptides harvested and analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Over 93% of the detected proteins are plasma-membrane-derived.
A Comparative Study on the Hemato-Biochemical and Immunological Effects of the Hexavalent FMD Vaccine Alone or in Combination with Trivalent FMD Vaccine in Cattle (2015)

Foot and mouth disease is the most contagious disease of mammals and has a great potential for causing severe economic loss in susceptible cloven-hoofed animals. Routine prophylactic vaccination in Egypt from 2012 till now has been conducted with Trivalent and/or hexavalent vaccine of MERIAL, against virus strains (O manisa + O-3039 + A Iran 05 + A Saudi 95 + Asia 1 + Sat2). This study aimed to evaluate the hemato-biochemical and immunological changes associated with the use of hexavalent vaccine alone or in combination with trivalent FMD vaccine. This study was carried out on 24 cattle divided into three groups eight cattle each. Group I served as control. Group II were selected from farms vaccinated with hexavalent FMD vaccine. Group III were selected from farms vaccinated with a combination of trivalent and hexavalent FMD vaccine. The results showed that both vaccinated groups showed a significant increase in total leukocytic count. Sera from hexavalent-trivalent vaccinated cattle demonstrated a significant increase in serum cortisol concentrations. Significant increase in serum activity of aspartate aminotransferase was recorded in animals vaccinated with a combination of hexavalent and trivalent vaccine. In addition, both regimes resulted in a significant increase in serum blood urea nitrogen compared to control. Both regimes induced a significant increase in serum levels of ceruloplasmin while phagocytic activity of neutrophils and phagocytic index was enhanced only by the hexavalent vaccine. Both vaccinated groups had significantly increased serum values of gamma globulins. These results suggested that hexavalent vaccine produced higher levels of safety and protective effects against FMD in cattle as compared to those produced by a combination of hexavalent and trivalent vaccines. It is also advisable to include the hexavalent vaccine within the program of obligatory and imperative vaccination against FMD.
Panel Discussion (1987)

A. E. Lund: I want to provide a context for our discussion on the role of biochemical, physiological, and neurochemical research in this process. Figure 1 shows a schematic view of insecticide discovery that highlights some key steps taken by most agricultural chemical companies. Probably no company fully integrates all the functions shown here, and many undoubtedly have chosen not to develop one or more steps in the process as I have drawn it. Traditionally, the discovery process begins when a chemist synthesizes a new compound. The chemist may choose to make compounds based on an understanding of vertebrate pharmacology, biologically active natural products, or proven insecticidal chemistry; or he may choose to make completely novel structures for which no biological information is available. In any case the compounds are evaluated for toxic effects in insect species which usually represent desirable insecticide markets. The objective of this initial testing is
Search for new physics with long-lived particles decaying to photons and missing energy in pp collisions at $ \sqrt{s}=7 $ TeV (2012)

A bstract A search is performed for long-lived neutral particles decaying into a photon and invisible particles. An example of such a signature is the decay of the lightest neutralino with nonzero lifetime into a gravitino and a photon in gauge-mediated supersymmetry, with the neutralino as the next-to-lightest supersymmetric particle and the gravitino as the lightest. The search uses events containing photons, missing transverse energy, and jets. The impact parameter of the photon relative to the beam-beam collision point can be reconstructed using converted photons. The method is sensitive to lifetimes of the order of 0.1 to 1 ns. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 2.23 fb −1 in pp collisions at $ \sqrt{s}=7 $ TeV, recorded in the first part of 2011 by the CMS experiment at the LHC. Cross-section limits are presented on pair production for such particles, each of which decays into a photon and invisible particles. The observed 95% confidence level limits vary between 0.11 and 0.21 pb, depending on the neutral particle lifetime.
Short- and Long-Term Effects of Leaf Removal and Gibberellin on Chardonnay Grapes in the Lake Erie Region of Pennsylvania (2014)

Over six seasons from 2007 to 2012, the effects of the timing of cluster zone leaf removal and bloom gibberellin applications on <i>Botrytis</i> bunch rot, cluster morphology, yield, and juice composition were evaluated on <i>Vitis vinifera</i> Chardonnay grapevines. All experimental plots received <i>Botrytis</i>-specific fungicide applications at preclosure and veraison. Leaf removal at veraison, postfruit-set, or trace bloom reduced <i>Botrytis</i> severity by an average of 14, 47, or 71%, respectively, compared to no leaf removal. Leaf removal at trace bloom (LRTB) reduced <i>Botrytis</i> incidence and severity in five and four seasons, respectively, and was as effective as (2007 to 2010), or more effective than (2011 and 2012) two additional fungicide applications (at bloom and at preharvest), suggesting potential to reduce fungicide inputs. Gibberellin was less effective than LRTB, but reduced the incidence of <i>Botrytis</i> in 2008 at 5 mg/L and the severity of <i>Botrytis</i> in 2010 at 25 mg/L. <i>Botrytis</i> development increases with number of berries per cluster and berries per centimeter of cluster (compactness). Berries per cluster was reduced by LRTB in 2007, 2010, and 2011, and by 10 mg/L gibberellin in 2007 and 25 mg/L in 2011. Berries per centimeter was reduced by LRTB and gibberellin in 2007, 2008, and 2011. Leaf removal at postfruit-set produced the most noteworthy effects on juice composition, reducing titratable acidity in 2007, 2011, and 2012. Yields were reduced by LRTB in 2008, but no significant yield effects were observed in subsequent seasons. The efficacy of LRTB for reducing <i>Botrytis</i> bunch rot was highest in years with the most compact clusters, suggesting that the value of this treatment increases with increasing potential for bunch rot development.