gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamic query evaluation plans (1989)

In most database systems, a query embedded in a program written in a conventional programming language is optimized when the program is compiled. The query optimizer must make assumptions about the values of the program variables that appear as constants in the query, the resources that can be committed to query evaluation, and the data in the database. The optimality of the resulting query evaluation plan depends on the validity of these assumptions. If a query evaluation plan is used repeatedly over an extended period of time, it is important to determine when reoptimization is necessary. Our work aims at developing criteria when reoptimization is required, how these criteria can be implemented efficiently, and how reoptimization can be avoided by using a new technique called dynamic query evaluation plans. We experimentally demonstrate the need for dynamic plans and outline modifications to the EXODUS optimizer generator required for creating dynamic query evaluation plans.
On Regularization in Adaptive Filtering (2010)

Regularization plays a fundamental role in adaptive filtering. An adaptive filter that is not properly regularized will perform very poorly. In spite of this, regularization in our opinion is underestimated and rarely discussed in the literature of adaptive filtering. There are, very likely, many different ways to regularize an adaptive filter. In this paper, we propose one possible way to do it based on a condition that intuitively makes sense. From this condition, we show how to regularize four important algorithms: the normalized least-mean-square (NLMS), the signed-regressor NLMS (SR-NLMS), the improved proportionate NLMS (IPNLMS), and the SR-IPNLMS.
Comparison of three cold kit reconstitution techniques for the reduction of hand radiation dose (1999)

In the performance of conventional nuclear pharmacy work, personnel usually receive the highest hand radiation dose during reconstitution of 99Tcm-labelled radiopharmaceuticals. This study was conducted to compare the hand radiation doses incurred during the preparation of 99Tcm-labelled radiopharmaceuticals using three different reconstitution procedures: (1) the standard reconstitution method (i.e. withdrawing 99Tcm activity and normal saline [NS] into the same syringe before adding to the cold kit) (standard); (2) an alternative reconstitution procedure using two syringes to add normal saline separately before 99Tcm activity to the cold kit (NS/Tc); and (3) a standard reconstitution procedure using a robotic system (Amercare Syringe Fill Station, model NuMed SFS 3a, Amercare Ltd, Oxon, UK) (robot). Radiation doses were monitored by thermoluminescent dosimeters (Landauer Inc., Glenwood, IL, USA) on the base of the fourth finger (i.e. ring finger) of the non-dominant hand and on the mid-portion of the second finger (i.e. index finger) of the dominant hand. Three sets of ring badges were measured for each procedure, with 10 stimulated or real reconstitutions per set. Two different radiopharmaceutical kits were evaluated: 99Tcm-MDP, as it is the most frequently used radiopharmaceutical in the majority of nuclear medicine departments (all three reconstitution methods; i.e. standard, NS/Tc and robot), and 99Tcm-sestamibi, as it is not only reconstituted with the highest amount of radioactivity but is also the most frequently dispensed radiopharmaceutical in our laboratory (standard and robot). All kits were prepared from an elution vial containing a standardized amount of 99Tcm activity (i.e. 104.4 +/- 3.6 GBq). To each of the cold MDP and sestamibi kits, 20.7 +/- 1.2 GBq and 44.2 +/- 0.7 GBq of 99Tcm activity were added, respectively. Average accumulated radiation doses for 10 reconstitutions to the fingers (non-dominant/dominant) for the preparations of 99Tcm-MDP were as follows: 14.2 +/- 0.9 mSv/2.8 +/- 0.8 mSv (standard), 10.0 +/- 0.6 mSv/2.7 +/- 0.2 mSv (NS/Tc), and 0.6 +/- 0.1 mSv/1.3 +/- 0.1 mSv (robot). For 99Tcm-sestamibi, the average accumulated radiation doses for 10 reconstitutions to the fingers (non-dominant/dominant) were 6.7 +/- 0.7 mSv/4.6 +/- 0.5 mSv (standard) and 1.1 +/- 0.1 mSv/3.1 +/- 0.4 mSv (robot). When compared to the standard reconstitution method, our results show that the NS/Tc method slightly reduced radiation dose to the non-dominant hand, without any significant reduction for the dominant hand. However, the robot has proved to be the most effective method to considerably reduce radiation dose to both hands. A robotic system should be a useful ALARA (as low as reasonably achievable) tool to prepare other high-activity 99Tcm-labelled radiopharmaceuticals, as well as therapeutic and PET radiopharmaceuticals.
Inter-centre reproducibility of cardiac diffusion tensor measures (2014)

the left ventricle were manually drawn, and the average ADC and FA calculated, giving four measures per subject (ADC and FA in systole and diastole). Inspection of the data revealed that they were non-normally distributed, so Friedman’s repeated measures test as implemented in the R agricolae package (R Foundation, Vienna, Austria) was used, with Holm-corrected Fisher’s LSD for post hoc testing. The two centres were deemed the same if p > 0.1. Results Initial results showed statistically significant differences between almost all variables, and the post-hoc analysis indicated that these disparities were driven by differences in the analysis. Therefore the analysis was re-run using only ROIs defined by centre A on all data, the results of which are shown in Table 1. These showed no significant differences between the metrics at the two centres. Example ADC and FA maps for one subject are shown in Figure 1. Conclusions
Low temperature synthesis of monodisperse nanoscaled ZrO2with a large specific surface area (2012)

Thermal decomposition of Zr(C(2)O(4))(2)·4H(2)O within an autoclave or in a conventional tube furnace at temperatures below 380 °C resulted in nano- and micron-sized ZrO(2), respectively. Reactions under autogenic pressure yielded monodisperse monoclinic (m) and tetragonal (t) ZrO(2) nanoparticles with an average diameter of ~8 nm and interconnected t-ZrO(2) nanoparticles with diameters of ~4 nm, depending on the synthesis temperature. Samples were characterised by X-ray diffraction (XRD), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) associated with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Raman microspectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL). Nanostructured zirconia materials exhibited high specific areas of 276-385 m(2) g(-1) which make them promising candidates as catalysts and catalyst supports. Co-existence of m- and t-ZrO(2) nanoparticles with diameters of 6-9 nm, i.e. above the critical particle size of 6 nm for the formation of t-ZrO(2), demonstrated that the particle size is not the only factor for stabilisation of the t-ZrO(2) modification at room temperature.
Paramagnetic Intrinsic Defects in Polycrystalline Large-Area 2D MoS2 Films Grown on SiO2 by Mo Sulfurization (2017)

A low-temperature electron spin resonance study has been carried out on large-area high-purity polycrystalline two-dimensional few monolayer (ML) 2H MoS<sub>2</sub> films synthesized by sulfurization of Mo layers, with intent to atomically assess mobility-degrading detrimental point defects. This reveals the presence of a distinct previously unreported anisotropic defect of axial symmetry about the c-axis characterized by g <sub>//</sub> = 2.00145 and g <sub>⊥</sub> = 2.0027, with corresponding density (spin S = ½) ~3 × 10<sup>12</sup> cm<sup>-2</sup> for a 4 ML thick film. Inverse correlation of the defect density with grain size points to a domain boundary associated defect, inherently incorporated during sample growth. Based on the analysis of ESR signal features in combination with literature data, the signal is tentatively ascribed to the a (di)sulfur antisite defect (S or S<sub>2</sub> substituting for a Mo atom). Beset by these defects, the grain boundaries thus emerge as an intolerable threat for the carrier mobility and layer functionality.
Mapping Service Level Agreements in 3-tier settings (2006)

A telecom operator ("service provider",SP) offers various services to subscribed customers by partnering with various third party providers ("content provider",CP). The SP acts as a liaison between subscribers and partners. One of the main functions of the SP, therefore, is to match the "demand" of the subscribers with the "supply" of the CPs. Such a matching is a prerequisite for efficient service selection while ensuring customer satisfaction, and is useful for optimisation, such as resource allocation and load balancing. The "demand" requirements and "supply" guarantees can be concretized using Service Level Agreements (SLAs). SLAs can be expressed formally using standards such as WSLA or WS-Agreement. We present a system that automates the task of finding a matching between these two sets, subscriber-SP and SP-CP, of SLAs. First, the SLAs are normalised to a common denominator, then composed if required, and finally the matching engine computes and outputs the map. The matching algorithm, which is of central importance, compares logical expressions involving predicates. The logical expressions are first converted into CNFform, and instead of naive O(m × n) comparisons, we develop a more efficient approach to solve the problem. As a proof-of-concept, we have implemented a prototype as an Eclipse plugin.
Chip Scale Camera Module (CSCM) using Through-Silicon-Via (TSV) (2009)

Through silicon via (TSV) is one of the necessary technologies for three-dimensional integration of LSIs. Heterogeneous system integration is a good candidate for its application, which includes the "Vision Chip". TSV technology is applied to a CMOS imager sensor camera module for mobile handsets and successfully achieves a size reduction of 55% in volume and 36% in footprint, which we refer to as a chip scale camera module (CSCM). To the best of the authors' knowledge, CSCM is the first mass-produced product using TSV technology.
TACCO, a Database Connecting Transcriptome Alterations, Pathway Alterations and Clinical Outcomes in Cancers (2019)

Because of innumerable cancer sequencing projects, abundant transcriptome expression profiles together with survival data are available from the same patients. Although some expression signatures for prognosis or pathologic staging have been identified from these data, systematically discovering such kind of expression signatures remains a challenge. To address this, we developed TACCO (Transcriptome Alterations in CanCer Omnibus), a database for identifying differentially expressed genes and altered pathways in cancer. TACCO also reveals miRNA cooperative regulations and supports construction of models for prognosis. The resulting signatures have great potential for patient stratification and treatment decision-making in future clinical applications. TACCO is freely available at http://tacco.life.nctu.edu.tw/ .
A Technical Trick Which Reduces the Need for Stab Incisions When Using Bone Tenaculums for Fracture Reduction (2012)

During the reduction of fractures using a bone tenaculum, rather than making a stab incision, a frequently successful strategy can be to place a folded operative towel placed between the patient's skin and the head of the tenaculum. Using this technique, the surgeon can decrease scarring and potential stab wound complications. When the angle is too steep for the towel to allow the tenaculum to remain stable during the reduction, the surgeon can use the towel as a safe means of trial and error to determine the necessary alignment of the tenaculum to achieve reduction and consequently the best location at which to make the stab incision for the tine of the tenaculum.
An OFDM-MIMO Distributed Acoustic Sensing over Deployed Telecom Fibers (2021)

We demonstrate the performance of a novel multi-carrier MIMO fiber sensing interrogator based on OFDM approach. Over an installed telecom fiber cable, coherent fading is mitigated by means of a purely digital subcarrier combiner.
Search for additional heavy neutral Higgs and gauge bosons in the ditau final state produced in 36 fb−1 of pp collisions at s = 13 $$ \sqrt{s}=13 $$ TeV with the ATLAS detector (2018)

A search for heavy neutral Higgs bosons and Z bosons is performed using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36.1 fb -1 from proton-proton collisions at s = 13 TeV recorded by the ATLAS detector at the LHC during 2015 and 2016. The heavy resonance is assumed to decay to + -with at least one tau lepton decaying to final states with hadrons and a neutrino. The search is performed in the mass range of 0.2-2.25 TeV for Higgs bosons and 0.2-4.0 TeV for Z bosons. The data are in good agreement with the background predicted by the Standard Model. The results are interpreted in benchmark scenarios. In the context of the hMSSM scenario, the data exclude tan > 1.0 for m A = 0.25 TeV and tan > 42 for m A = 1.5 TeV at the 95% confidence level. For the Sequential Standard Model, Z SSM with m Z < 2.42 TeV is excluded at 95% confidence level, while Z NU with m Z < 2.25 TeV is excluded for the non-universal G(221) model that exhibits enhanced couplings to third-generation fermions.
THROMBOEMBOLIC DISORDERS IN PREGNANCY: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, DIAGNOSIS, AND TREATMENT, WITH EMPHASIS ON HEPARIN (1974)

Newer concepts of blood coagulation and the pathophysiology of phlebitis and pulmonary emboli with particular reference to pregnancy are examined. New as well as established diagnostic procedures are considered. The historical development, pharmacologic effects, and clinical indications for oral anticoagulants and heparin are reviewed. Finally our own data are presented regarding 19 patients with thromboembolic disorders occurring during pregnancy who were tested with heparin as the sole anticoagulant. Because of the favorable outcome, with excellent fetal salvage, we make a plea for the use of heparin as the anticoagulant of choice during pregnancy.
Modeling and Testing of Loudspeakers Used in Sound-Field Control (2022)

This chapter describes the physical modeling and output-based measurement of loudspeakers, essential hardware components in sound-field control. A gray box model represents linear, time-variant, nonlinear, and non-deterministic signal distortions. Each distortion component requires a particular measurement technique that includes test stimulus generation, sound pressure measurement at selected points in 3D space, and signal analysis for generating meaningful metrics. Near-field scanning measures all signal components at a large signal-to-noise ratio with minor errors caused by loudspeaker positioning, air temperature, room reflections, and ambient noise. Holographic postprocessing based on a spherical wave expansion separates the direct sound from room reflections to assess the linear output and signal distortion. New metrics are presented that simplify the interpretation of the loudspeaker properties at single points, sound zones, and over the entire sound-field.
Data from Combination Therapy with c-Met and Src Inhibitors Induces Caspase-Dependent Apoptosis of Merlin-Deficient Schwann Cells and Suppresses Growth of Schwannoma Cells (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) is a nervous system tumor disorder caused by inactivation of the merlin tumor suppressor encoded by the &lt;i&gt;NF2&lt;/i&gt; gene. Bilateral vestibular schwannomas are a diagnostic hallmark of NF2. Mainstream treatment options for NF2-associated tumors have been limited to surgery and radiotherapy; however, off-label uses of targeted molecular therapies are becoming increasingly common. Here, we investigated drugs targeting two kinases activated in NF2-associated schwannomas, c-Met and Src. We demonstrated that merlin-deficient mouse Schwann cells (MD-MSC) treated with the c-Met inhibitor, cabozantinib, or the Src kinase inhibitors, dasatinib and saracatinib, underwent a G&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; cell-cycle arrest. However, when MD-MSCs were treated with a combination of cabozantinib and saracatinib, they exhibited caspase-dependent apoptosis. The combination therapy also significantly reduced growth of MD-MSCs in an orthotopic allograft mouse model by greater than 80% of vehicle. Moreover, human vestibular schwannoma cells with &lt;i&gt;NF2&lt;/i&gt; mutations had a 40% decrease in cell viability when treated with cabozantinib and saracatinib together compared with the vehicle control. This study demonstrates that simultaneous inhibition of c-Met and Src signaling in MD-MSCs triggers apoptosis and reveals vulnerable pathways that could be exploited to develop NF2 therapies. &lt;i&gt;Mol Cancer Ther; 16(11); 2387–98. ©2017 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Evaluation of WRF model seasonal forecasts for tropical region of Singapore (2015)

Abstract. The Weather and Research Forecast (WRF) model is evaluated for the monsoon and inter-monsoon seasons over the tropical region of Singapore. The model configuration, physical parameterizations and performance results are described in this paper. In addition to the ready-to-use data available with the WRF model, the model configuration includes high resolution MODIS land use (500 m horizontal resolution) and JPL-NASA sea surface temperature (1 km horizontal resolution) data. The model evaluation is performed against near surface observations for temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and direction, available from a dense network of weather monitoring stations across Singapore. It is found that the high resolution data sets bring significant improvement in the model forecasts. The results also indicate that the model forecasts are more accurate in the monsoon seasons compared to the inter-monsoon seasons.
Inter- and intra-tumoral relationships between vasculature characteristics, GLUT1 and budding in colorectal carcinoma. (2015)

Vascular characteristics, hypoxia and tumor budding are features that have been implied in the biology and prognosis of colorectal cancer. Internal relationships and the inter- and intra-tumoral variation of these tumor properties remain to be determined. In the current study we have characterized blood vessel status in different areas of CRC and in the peritumoral fibroblastic stroma. Analyses of these characteristics have been supplemented by characterization of budding and hypoxia. Analyses revealed significantly lower values of vessel perimeter (VP) and vessel lumen area (VL) at the invasive front and surrounding stroma as compared to the tumor center. Also, the number of vessels (VN) in the peritumoral stroma was higher than in the center. Thus, tumor center displays larger and fewer vessels as compared to the tumor periphery. GLUT1 expression was correlated directly with VN (r=0.351, p=0.028) and inversely with VL and VP (r=-0.432, p=0.006 and r=-0.484, p=0.002) at the invasive front. Moreover, GLUT1 expression, VP at the invasive front, and VN in the surrounding peritumoral stroma, were associated with budding score (r=0.574, p<0.000, r=-0.340, p=0,034 and r=-0.389, p=0.025 respectively). Furthermore, GLUT1, budding score, vessel number in peritumoral stroma, and vessel size in the invasive front, were significantly different in tumors with or without lymph node metastasis. This study reports previously unrecognized relationships between localization-specific vascular characteristics, hypoxia and tumor budding. The findings suggest potential functional relationships, which should be further explored, and also highlight the inter-tumoral variations in vasculature, which is highly relevant for ongoing efforts to identify vessel-based biomarkers.
Design and performance analysis of mismatched Doherty amplifiers using an accurate load-pull-based model (2006)

An active load-pull-based large-signal modeling approach, suitable for designing and optimizing load modulated amplifiers such as Doherty or linear amplification using nonlinear components based amplifiers, is proposed. A Doherty amplifier was designed by optimizing the dynamic loads seen by the amplifier's transistor using a large-signal load-pull-based behavior model built into computer-aided-design software. Simulation and measurement results showed good agreement, while results obtained using an empirical model of this transistor demonstrated discrepancies. The load-pull-based model was then used to study performance degradation of the Doherty amplifier when load impedance was moved out from the perfect 50 Omega. It has been shown that the load mismatch can greatly affect the linearity and efficiency performance of the amplifier unless its phase is controlled and kept within a specific range. A load mismatch system level compensator scheme, capable of restituting the linearity loss and maintaining the power-added efficiency close to its maximum range, is proposed
Tracking analysis of the NLMS algorithm in the presence of both random and cyclic nonstationarities (2003)

Tracking analysis of the normalized least mean square (NLMS) algorithm is carried out in the presence of two sources of nonstationarities: 1) carrier frequency offset between transmitter and receiver; 2) random variations in the environment. A novel approach to this analysis is carried out using the concept of energy conservation. Close agreement between analytical analysis and simulation results is obtained. The results show that, unlike in the stationary case, the steady-state excess MSE is not a monotonically increasing function of the step size. Moreover, the ability of the adaptive algorithm to track the variations in the environment is shown to degrade with increasing frequency offset.
Effect of the illumination method on photo-acoustic image quality with array transducer based system (2011)

Photo-acoustic imaging (PAI) is a hybrid imaging modality, which can offer a high contrast tomographic image with ultrasound like resolution in depth of centimeters. Additionally, it has been studied well as functional imaging modality using characteristics that can distinguish by absorption spectra. Our purpose is to investigate the image quality and potential of photo-acoustic (PA) image as a preliminary study toward the medical diagnosis applications. For this purpose, firstly we focused on the difference of image quality between photo-acoustic image and ultrasound image using array transducers system. Secondly we examined the effect of illumination method on photo-acoustic image quality. We compared both photo-acoustic image and ultrasound image of a phantom using original PAI experimental apparatus system with 192ch PZT array probe. Resolution of PAI and ultrasound image could be revealed, based on the optimized reconstruction method for each using each element data. We demonstrated higher resolution and higher contrast of photo-acoustic image than ultrasound image. To examine the effect on photo-acoustic image quality, we analyzed depth-dependent signal attenuation in scattering media under various illumination methods such as the expansion of illumination area. Our analysis with experiments and Monte Carlo simulation are performed to show the necessity for illumination optimization depend on the application and probe size.