gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Chinese centre of the world? Jing Jin Ji and the remaking of Beijing (2021)

1st lines: The China of Xi Jing Ping is on course to become the first economic power of the world, overtaking the US around 2040 according to their own previsions. In parallel, Chinese leadership is massively investing in the upgrading and development of its army and fosters its political influence all over the globe, mostly through investments and political pressure. In many public occasions, Chinese leaders have expressed the view that the balance of power and influence was coming back to normal. The old state of China had been the most developed part of the world including many technical advances and sophisticated government more or less until the 12th century. The rise of Europe was explained by the success of the first capitalism of merchants, the cities, economic innovation and the slow making of the nation state. Seen from China, this cycle of extraordinary events, centuries of domination of Europe, then the US, is drawing to a close. Back to normal. China will become the centre of the world. The silk road initiative bears testimony of this attempt at global influence. In the eyes of Chinese leaders, therefore, the future capital or most prestigious city of the world should also be in China, hence the project of developing Jing-Jin-Ji, the urban region around Beijing as the most advanced urban region in the world that should attract flux of investments, visitors and radiate Chinese power.\n\nBeijing has come a long way. During the Maoist period, Chinese leaders tried to limit urbanization and demographic growth and all the emphasis was on industrialization and the making of the socialist city. With the coming age of market reforms pioneered under Deng Xiaoping, liberalization reforms paved the way for the stunning acceleration of urbanization, including in Beijing. Chinese cities were very much planned but as elsewhere, planning was only part of the story and planning failures were numerous. In the last fifteen years, the Chinese government has implemented a voluntarist regional policy aiming both at rebalancing economic growth on the western side of the country (hence the massive investment in Chongqing now 30 M inhabitants or Chengdu, 15 M) but also to reinforce the world influence of the three leading urban regions : Beijing, Shanghai and the Yangtze Delta (towards 100 M?). On top of those, the national urban policy is planning 15 metropolis or 15 Million inhabitants. The paper deals with the attempt to build a Chinese capital of the world, the combination of different modes of what seems to be a good city in a systematic way and the contradictions that arise.
Zr(NMe2)4-Catalyzed Transamidationand Amide Metathesis Reactions (2009)

This study shows that the stable C-N bond of carboxamides can undergo equilibrium-controlled transamidation and metathesis ­reactions of tertiary amides in the presence of commercially available Zr(NMe2)4 as catalyst.
Digital signal processor architectures and programming (2005)

This paper presents modern digital signal processor architectures including multiply-accumulate unit, shifter, pipelining and parallelism, buses, data address generators, and special addressing modes and instructions. In addition, the most effective mixed C and assembly programming technique is suggested for software development
Targeting MCT4 to reduce lactic acid secretion and glycolysis for treatment of neuroendocrine prostate cancer (2018)

Development of neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is emerging as a major problem in clinical management of advanced prostate cancer (PCa). As increasingly potent androgen receptor (AR)-targeting antiandrogens are more widely used, PCa transdifferentiation into AR-independent NEPC as a mechanism of treatment resistance becomes more common and precarious, since NEPC is a lethal PCa subtype urgently requiring effective therapy. Reprogrammed glucose metabolism of cancers, that is elevated aerobic glycolysis involving increased lactic acid production/secretion, plays a key role in multiple cancer-promoting processes and has been implicated in therapeutics development. Here, we examined NEPC glucose metabolism using our unique panel of patient-derived xenograft PCa models and patient tumors. By calculating metabolic pathway scores using gene expression data, we found that elevated glycolysis coupled to increased lactic acid production/secretion is an important metabolic feature of NEPC. Specific inhibition of expression of MCT4 (a plasma membrane lactic acid transporter) by antisense oligonucleotides led to reduced lactic acid secretion as well as reduced glucose metabolism and NEPC cell proliferation. Taken together, our results indicate that elevated glycolysis coupled to excessive MCT4-mediated lactic acid secretion is clinically relevant and functionally important to NEPC. Inhibition of MCT4 expression appears to be a promising therapeutic strategy for NEPC.
An increase in voltage‐gated sodium channel current elicits microglial activation followed inflammatory responses in vitro and in vivo after spinal cord injury (2013)

Inflammation induced by microglial activation plays a pivotal role in progressive degeneration after traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). Voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) are also implicated in microglial activation following injury. However, direct evidence that VGSCs are involved in microglial activation after injury has not been demonstrated yet. Here, we show that the increase in VGSC inward current elicited microglial activation followed inflammatory responses, leading to cell death after injury in vitro and in vivo. Isoforms of sodium channel, Nav 1.1, Nav 1.2, and Nav 1.6 were expressed in primary microglia, and the inward current of VGSC was increased by LPS treatment, which was blocked by a sodium channel blocker, tetrodotoxin (TTX). TTX inhibited LPS-induced NF-κB activation, expression of TNF-α, IL-1β and inducible nitric oxide synthase, and NO production. LPS-induced p38MAPK activation followed pro-nerve growth factor (proNGF) production was inhibited by TTX, whereas LPS-induced JNK activation was not. TTX also inhibited caspase-3 activation and cell death of primary cortical neurons in neuron/microglia co-cultures by inhibiting LPS-induced microglia activation. Furthermore, TTX attenuated caspase-3 activation and oligodendrocyte cell death at 5 d after SCI by inhibiting microglia activation and p38MAPK activation followed proNGF production, which is known to mediate oligodendrocyte cell death. Our study thus suggests that the increase in inward current of VGSC appears to be an early event required for microglia activation after injury.
Three-Dimensionally Ordered Structures for Inhibition of Dendrite Formation on Lithium Metal Electrode (2009)

Abstract not Available.
24h Stimulation Results In A Rapamycin-dependent Increase In Force Production In 3d Engineered Muscles (2011)

PURPOSE: We have previously demonstrated that functional muscle can be engineered from C2C12 muscle cells in vitro. The purpose of this study was to determine whether electrical stimulation of 3D engineered muscles could be used as a model to study mechanical activation of mTORC1. METHODS: Muscles were engineered from C2C12 myoblasts using fibrin gel casting. After 2 weeks in culture, the engineered muscles were stimulated with a train of 4 pulses in 0.4 second period followed by a 3.6 second rest. This protocol was performed continuously for 24 hours and force was determined before and after stimulation. Rapamycin (100nM) was used to determine whether mTORC1 was activated by the stimulation protocol and western blots were performed to determine the effect of stimulation and rapamycin on the phosphorylation of AMPK and S6K1. RESULTS: Following 24h of stimulation force production in the engineered muscles increased 2.25-fold (CTL=0.3±0.05; Stim=0.67±0.06 kN/mm2). 24h treatment with rapamycin alone decreased force 31% (CTL=0.3±0.05; Stim= 0.2±0.01 kN/mm2). Force production following stimulation in the presence of rapamycin returned force back to baseline levels (0.37±0.04 kN/mm2), meaning that rapamycin blocks ∼40% of the increase in force resulting from electrical stimulation. The phosphorylation of AMPK and eEF2 was increased following stimulation, whereas the phosphorylation of S6K1 decreased progressively with time. Rapamycin treatment completely blocked S6K1 phosphorylation without affecting AMPK. CONCLUSIONS: Electrical stimulation of 3D engineered muscles results in a rapid increase in force production. Approximately 40% of the increase in force requires mTORC1 activation in spite of the fact that S6K1 phosphorylation decreases with stimulation possibly due to an increase in AMPK activity. These data suggest that 3D engineered muscles can be used as a model for studying the mechanical activation of mTORC1.
Tuberculosis in Elephants: Antibody Responses to Defined Antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Potential for Early Diagnosis, and Monitoring of Treatment (2006)

Tuberculosis (TB) in elephants is a re-emerging zoonotic disease caused primarily by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Current diagnosis relies on trunk wash culture, the only officially recognized test, which has serious limitations. Innovative and efficient diagnostic methods are urgently needed. Rapid identification of infected animals is a crucial prerequisite for more effective control of TB, as early diagnosis allows timely initiation of chemotherapy. Serology has diagnostic potential, although key antigens have not been identified and optimal immunoassay formats are not established. To characterize the humoral responses in elephant TB, we tested 143 serum samples collected from 15 elephants over time. These included 48 samples from five culture-confirmed TB cases, of which four were in Asian elephants infected with M. tuberculosis and one was in an African elephant with Mycobacterium bovis. Multiantigen print immunoassay (MAPIA) employing a panel of 12 defined antigens was used to identify serologic correlates of active disease. ESAT-6 was the immunodominant antigen recognized in elephant TB. Serum immunoglobulin G antibodies to ESAT-6 and other proteins were detected up to 3.5 years prior to culture of M. tuberculosis from trunk washes. Antibody levels to certain antigens gradually decreased in response to antitubercular therapy, suggesting the possibility of treatment monitoring. In addition to MAPIA, serum samples were evaluated with a recently developed rapid test (RT) based on lateral flow technology (ElephantTB STAT-PAK). Similarly to MAPIA, infected elephants were identified using the RT up to 4 years prior to positive culture. These findings demonstrate the potential for TB surveillance and treatment monitoring using the RT and MAPIA, respectively.
Double‐blind, placebo‐controlled Alternaria alternata immunotherapy: in vivo and in vitro parameters (2007)

Few studies have been published on the efficacy and safety of immunotherapy with fungal extracts, possibly because of difficulties arising from antigenic variability among different strains of fungus. The aim of the study was to analyze changes in the in vivo and in vitro parameters in response to immunotherapy with an Alternaria alternata extract. We studied 28 patients with rhinitis, bronchial asthma, or both caused by Alternaria . The patients were randomized to the active immunotherapy or placebo group, and a conventional schedule of immunotherapy was used. We recorded changes for a year in skin reactivity (skin prick test), conjunctival reactivity (conjunctival provocation test), and in vitro parameters (serum‐specific IgE, IgG, IgG1 and IgG4 for A. alternata complete extract and for natural and recombinant Alt a 1). Twenty‐three patients completed the study and all attained the maintenance dose. There were no changes in skin reactivity in the active treatment group, and reactivity increased at the end of the study period in the placebo group. Conjunctival sensitivity decreased only in the active treatment group when the maintenance dose was reached. Allergen‐specific IgE decreased, and IgG, IgG1 and IgG4 increased in all periods of study in the active treatment group, with no changes in the placebo group. Allergen‐specific immunotherapy with the A. alternata extract tested here led to a decrease in conjunctival reactivity and induced a significant immunologic response.
DONOR-SPECIFIC LYSIS OF HUMAN KIDNEY PROXIMAL TUBULAR EPITHELIAL CELLS BY RENAL ALLOGRAFT-INFILTRATING LYMPHOCYTES (1989)

In the present study methods are described to obtain both graft infiltrating cells (GIC) of host origin and proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTEC) of donor origin simultaneously from biopsy material of renal allografts undergoing rejection. The identity of PTEC cultures was established using monoclonal antibodies. GIC were shown to exhibit T cell functional activity. These GIC were shown to lyse trypsinized PTEC as well as PTEC monolayers grown from the corresponding biopsy, and not PTEC isolated from biopsies obtained from other patients. Therefore the lytic activity appeared to be donor-specific. Major histocompatibility complex class I antigens were involved since donor PHA-blasts, a target population well known to express class I molecules, were lysed by GIC, and the anti-class I MoAb W6/32 blocked cytolytic activity of GIC against donor PHA-blasts and against donor PTEC. We thus established that donor-specific lysis of a defined population of kidney epithelial cells, namely PTEC, may occur. This model system, in which GIC and PTEC can be propagated from one biopsy specimen may be useful for further study of cell-cell interactions involved in allograft rejection.
Recruitment of kindlin‐3 to plasma membrane through its PH domain precedes high affinity β 2 integrin activation and neutrophil arrest (2020)

Leukocytes including neutrophils must adhere to the vascular endothelium in order to respond to injury or infection. Integrin‐mediated neutrophil adhesion starts by arrest from rolling. Activation of integrins involves conformational changes from an inactive bent conformation to an extended conformation (E + ) with high affinity for ligand binding (H + ). The cytoplasmic protein kindlin‐3 is required for leukocyte adhesion; mutations of kindlin‐3 cause leukocyte adhesion deficiency type III syndrome. However, the molecular mechanism by which kindlin‐3 regulates β 2 integrin activation is unknown. Here we measured the spatiotemporal dynamics of kindlin‐3 and β 2 integrin conformation changes during neutrophil and HL‐60 cell rolling and arrest under flow. Using high‐resolution quantitative dynamic footprinting (qDF) microscopy and kindlin‐3‐fluorescent protein (FP) fusion proteins, we find that kindlin‐3 is recruited to the plasma membrane prior to induction of the H + β 2 integrin conformation. Deletion of kindlin‐3 or its lipid‐binding pleckstrin homology (PH) domain completely abolished H + β 2 integrin induction. Intravital imaging of bone marrow chimeric mice revealed that EGFP‐tagged kindlin‐3‐expressing neutrophils, but not control kindlin‐3‐deficient neutrophils, arrested in cremaster venules in vivo in response to CXCL1. Our data show that kindlin‐3 is indispensable for the H + β 2 integrin conformation and crucial for integrin‐mediated leukocyte adhesion during inflammation. Support or Funding Information This work was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health, USA (HL078784 to K.L., R01HL145454 to Z.F.), a Postdoctoral Fellowship (19POST34450228 to L.W.) and a Career Development Award (18CDA34110426 to Z.F.) from the American Heart Association, USA.
Les gènes ont-ils de l'esprit ? (2008)

que dans les limites des conditions gnrales d'utilisation du site ou, le cas chant, des conditions gnrales de la licence souscrite par votre tablissement.
Millisecond Kinetics of Nanocrystal Cation Exchange Using Microfluidic X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (2007)

We describe the use of a flow-focusing microfluidic reactor to measure the kinetics of the CdSe-to-Ag2Se nanocrystal cation exchange reaction using micro-X-ray absorption spectroscopy (microXAS). The small microreactor dimensions facilitate the millisecond mixing of CdSe nanocrystals and Ag+ reactant solutions, and the transposition of the reaction time onto spatial coordinates enables the in situ observation of the millisecond reaction using microXAS. Selenium K-edge absorption spectra show the progression of CdSe nanocrystals to Ag2Se over the course of 100 ms without the presence of long-lived intermediates. These results, along with supporting stopped-flow absorption experiments, suggest that this nanocrystal cation exchange reaction is highly efficient and provide insight into how the reaction progresses in individual particles. This experiment illustrates the value and potential of in situ microfluidic X-ray synchrotron techniques for detailed studies of the millisecond structural transformations of nanoparticles and other solution-phase reactions in which diffusive mixing initiates changes in local bond structures or oxidation states.
Optical Coherence Tomography in the UK Biobank Study – Rapid Automated Analysis of Retinal Thickness for Large Population-Based Studies (2016)

We report an approach to the rapid, automated measurement of retinal thickness from nearly 140,000 OCT image sets from the UK Biobank. In the near future, these measurements will be publically available for utilization by researchers around the world, and thus for correlation with the wealth of other data collected in UK Biobank. The automated analysis approaches we describe may be of utility for future large population-based epidemiological studies, clinical trials, and screening programs that employ OCT imaging.
Genetic Algorithm Based Idle Length Prediction Scheme for Dynamic Power Management (2006)

Reducing energy consumption has become one of the most important challenges in designing computing systems. Dynamic power management policies exploit components' idle periods to save energy. If one idle period of some component is long enough, the component can be put into low power state during this period in order to reduce energy consumption. Many dynamic power management policies are based on predicting lengths of components' future idle periods. The more accurate the prediction is, the more efficient the policy is. This paper proposes a novel idea of using genetic algorithm to predict lengths of future idle periods. We take K adjacent idle periods and active periods as a load-gene and define some kinds of relationships between adjacent load-genes, then use genetic algorithm to predict future load-genes that most accords with the relationships. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme is more efficient than the exponential-average approach
Dodecaamide Cages: Organic 12-Arm Building Blocks for Supramolecular Chemistry (2013)

A simple, one-step amidation reaction is used to produce a range of 12-arm organic building blocks for supramolecular chemistry via the derivatization of porous imine cages. As an example, microporous dendrimers are prepared.
Video analysis for browsing and printing (2009)

More and more home videos have been generated with the ever growing popularity of digital cameras and camcorders. In many cases of home video, a photo, whether capturing a moment or a scene within the video, provides a complementary representation to the video. In this paper, a complete solution of video to photo is presented. The intent of the user is first derived by analyzing video motions. Then, photos are produced accordingly from the video. They can be keyframes at video highlights, panorama of the scene, or high-resolution frames. Methods and results of camera motion mining, intelligent keyframe extraction, video frame stitching and super-resolution enhancement are described.
Trifluridina/cloridrato de tipiracila no tratamento de pacientes com carcinoma colorretal metastático politratados: uma análise de custo-efetividade na perspectiva de pagadores privados no Brasil (2021)

Objetivo: Avaliar a custo-efetividade da trifluridina/cloridrato de tipiracila (FTD/TPI) em comparação ao melhor cuidado de suporte (sigla em inglês BSC, best supportive care) e ao regorafenibe para o tratamento em pacientes com câncer colorretal metastático (CCRm) politratados (terceira linha ou linhas posteriores) sob a perspectiva de pagadores privados no Brasil. Métodos: Foi construído um modelo de sobrevida particionado considerando três estados de saúde. A efetividade foi medida em anos-vida ganhos e Quality-Adjusted Life Years (QALY). Os custos foram obtidos a partir da perspectiva do sistema de saúde privado brasileiro considerando um horizonte temporal de cinco anos. Também foram realizadas análises de sensibilidade univariada e probabilística para avaliar a robustez do modelo. Resultados: A utilização de FTD/TPI pode gerar melhores desfechos clínicos versus BSC e economia de recursos versus regorafenibe. FTD/TPI proporcionou mais 0,098 anos de vida por paciente e uma qualidade de vida incremental de 0,072, comparada ao BSC. Já em relação ao regorafenibe, a FTD/TPI apresentou redução de R$ 2.088,49 nos custos por paciente e benefícios clínicos com incremento marginal. Conclusão: FTD/TPI representa uma opção de tratamento de CCRm custo-efetiva, comparada ao regorafenibe, na perspectiva de pagadores privados no Brasil.
Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized N,N‘-Diphenylformamidinate Silver(I) Dimers:  Solid-State Structures and Solution Properties (1999)

Functionalized N,N'-diphenylformamidines and their deprotonated silver(I) complexes have been synthesized: silver(I) N,N'-di(4-alkyl)phenylformamidinate (alkyl = methyl, ethyl, n-butyl, and n-hexadecyl) 1-4; silver(I) N,N'-di(4-trifluoromethyl)phenylformamidinate 5, silver(I) N,N'-di(3-methoxy)phenylformamidinate 6, silver(I) N,N'-di(3-methylmercapto)phenylformamidinate 7, silver(I) N,N'-di(2-methoxy)phenylformamidinate 8, silver(I) N,N'-di(2-methylmercapto)phenylformamidinate 9. The effects of increasing the coordination number of the silver(I) centers by donor substituents on the phenyl groups have been investigated by solution and solid-state studies. Variable-temperature proton NMR (223-303 K) for 1-4 shows coupling between the proton attached to the amidinate carbon and the (107/109)Ag centers at room temperature which is unaffected by cooling (2). For the four-coordinate complexes, 8 and 9, such coupling is only observed on cooling. Molecular weight measurements recorded in solution by vapor pressure osmometry at 310 K show some aggregation to higher molecular weight species than simple dimers for 1-4 and 6, but 8 and 9 exist as discrete dimeric species. Measurement of thermal stability shows the expected increase in stability with increasing coordination number. Compounds 8 and 9 were structurally characterized by X-ray methods. Both show four-coordinate silver dimers bridged by two amidinate ligands with additional longer interactions with the ether oxygens or thioether sulfurs.
Off-pump insertion of an extracorporeal LVAD through a left upper-quadrant incision. (2006)

Insertion of an extracorporeal left ventricular assist device for temporary ventricular support via median sternotomy can be challenging in patients with a history of cardiac surgery, because these patients often poorly tolerate the lengthy dissection and cardiac manipulation necessary for exposure of the left ventricular apex and ascending aorta. Our approach, transdiaphragmatic left ventricular inflow cannulation with return through a graft sewn to the supraceliac aorta, can be accomplished through a left upper-quadrant abdominal incision without entering the peritoneal cavity, mediastinum, or left hemithorax. Repeated sternotomy and mediastinal dissection are thus avoided. To our knowledge, this report documents the 1st use of this technique for insertion of an extracorporeal pulsatile ventricular assist device for temporary ventricular support.