gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Touchstone of Life: Molecular Information, Cell Communication, and the Foundations of Life (2000)

Living things present us with example after example of highly ordered matter, precisely shaped and organised to perform co-ordinated functions. Where does this order spring from? how does a living organism manage to do what non-living things cannot do - create and maintain order against the unrelenting, disordering pressures of the universe? Emanate bio-physicist Werner Loewenstein argues that the answer to these questions may be found by applying information theory to biology and physics. His explorations takes us into a fascinating microscopic world as he lays bare the complex communication networks that exist inside and outside the cell and sheds light on molecular coding and its central role in the development of life.
MULTI-OBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION OF INDUSTRIAL STYRENE PRODUCTION USING A PROCESS SIMULATOR AND A GENETIC ALGORITHM (2004)

AIChE Annual Meeting, Conference Proceedings
Injectable treatments for fat and cellulite (2015)

This chapter reviews the history of injectable treatments for small collections of fat, with an emphasis on clarifying terminology and mechanism of action of several medications in development. Subcutaneous injections that reduce adipose tissue have been most frequently referred to as injection lipolysis, phosphatidylcholine/deoxycholate (PC/DC), Lipodissolve, and mesotherapy. Pharmaceutical grade, injectable medications that permanently or non-permanently remove small collections of fat have aptly been referred to as adipolytic therapy and pharmaceutical lipoplasty, respectively. Importing Lipostabil into the United States is illegal, and there are no approved phosphatidylcholine/deoxycholate (PC/DC) or DC medications for which physicians can use “off-label.” The proclivity for DC to solubilize adipose, as well as nonadipose cell is unsettling, and would appear to explain skin ulceration in isolated reports. The only potential treatment entering clinical trials at this point in time is collagenase.
Task migration in hypercube multiprocessors (1989)

Allocation and deallocation of subcubes usually result in a fragmented hypercube where even if a sufficient number of hypercube nodes are available, they do not form a subcube large enough to execute an incoming task. As the fragmentation in conventional memory allocation can be handled by memory compaction, the fragmentation problem in a hypercube can be solved by task migration , i.e., relocating tasks within the hypercube to remove the fragmentation. The procedure for task migration closely depends on the subcube allocation strategy used, since active tasks must be relocated in such a way that the availability of subcubes can be detected by that allocation strategy. In this paper, we develop a task migration strategy for the subcube allocation policy based on the binary reflected Gray code. A goal configuration (of destination subcubes) without fragmentation is determined first. Then, the node-mapping between the source and destination subcubes is derived. Finally, a routing procedure to achieve shortest deadlock-free paths for relocating tasks is developed.
Evaluation of Li-ion battery using a Terahertz Chemical Microscope (2018)

We measured the terahertz wave intensity of the active material surface using TCM as a method to evaluate lithium ion batteries. We made a battery with a sensing plate attached to measure with TCM. As a result, changes in the terahertz wave intensity due to charging and discharging of the battery could be measured. This result indicates that the extraction and insertion of lithium in the active material can be measured by TCM in the future.
Mass transport-induced failure in direct copper (Cu) bonding interconnects for 3-D integration (2014)

This paper presents the first complete electromigration study (EM tests, failure analyses, statistical analyses with lifetime extrapolation) for direct copper bonding interconnects. This study reveals excellent performances, comparable to BEoL interconnects. Nevertheless, the results show that it will be interesting to increase the precision of alignment to maximize the Cu-Cu interface in comparison of the Cu-SiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> to ensure high activation energy and at the end a high electromigration resistance.
Decision tree-based context clustering based on cross validation and hierarchical priors (2011)

The standard, ad-hoc stopping criteria used in decision tree-based context clustering are known to be sub-optimal and require parameters to be tuned. This paper proposes a new approach for decision tree-based context clustering based on cross validation and hierarchical priors. Combination of cross validation and hierarchical priors within decision tree-based context clustering offers better model selection and more robust parameter estimation than conventional approaches, with no tuning parameters. Experimental results on HMM-based speech synthesis show that the proposed approach achieved significant improvements in naturalness of synthesized speech over the conventional approaches.
Préservation musculaire et osseuse (2014)

Préservation musculaire et osseuse. Université d'été de nutrition
Complex fluids (2004)

Granular materials are now recognized as a distinct state of matter, and studies of their behavior form a fascinating interdisciplinary branch of science. The intrinsic dissipative nature of the interactions between the constituent macroscopic particles gives rise to several basic properties specific to granular substances, setting granular matter apart from the conventional gaseous, liquid, or solid states.
Ultraviolet and Visible Photochemistry of Methanol at 3D Mesoporous Networks: TiO2and Au–TiO2 (2013)

Comparison of methanol photochemistry at three-dimensionally (3D) networked aerogels of TiO2 or Au–TiO2 reveals that incorporated Au nanoparticles strongly sensitize the oxide nanoarchitecture to visible light. Methanol dissociatively adsorbs at the surfaces of TiO2 and Au–TiO2 aerogels under dark, high-vacuum conditions. Upon irradiation of either ultraporous material with broadband UV light under anaerobic conditions, adsorbed methoxy groups act as hole-traps and extend conduction-band and shallow-trapped electron lifetimes. A higher excited-state electron density arises for UV-irradiated TiO2 aerogel relative to commercial nanoparticulate TiO2, indicating that 3D networked TiO2 more efficiently separates electron–hole pairs. Upon excitation with narrow-band visible light centered at 550 nm, long-lived excited-state electrons are evident on CH3OH-exposed Au–TiO2 aerogels—but not on identically dosed TiO2 aerogels—verifying that incorporated Au nanoparticles sensitize the networked oxide to visible light. Under aerobic conditions (20 Torr O2) and broadband UV illumination, surface-sited formates accumulate as adsorbed methoxy groups oxidize, at similar rates, on Au–TiO2 and TiO2 aerogels. Moving to excitation wavelengths longer than ∼400 nm (i.e., the low-energy range of UV light) dramatically decreases methoxy photoconversion for methanol-saturated TiO2 aerogel, while Au–TiO2 aerogel remains highly active for methanol photooxidation. The wavelength dependence of formate production on Au–TiO2 tracks the absorbance spectrum for this material, which peaks at λ = 550 nm due to resonance with the surface plasmon in the Au particles. The photooxidation rate for Au–TiO2 aerogel at 550 nm is comparable to that for TiO2 aerogel under broadband UV illumination, indicating efficient energy transfer from Au to TiO2 in the 3D mesoporous nanoarchitecture.
A novel index to identify unbiased conservation between proteomes (2009)

As more genomes are sequenced, their comparative analysis helps to identify conservation between them which provides evidence on the evolutionary history of organisms. Since organisms and organellar genomes/proteomes exhibit significant differences in size and complexity, the comparative analysis requires an appropriate approach to detect an unbiased degree of conservation among them. In order to increase the significance of similarity search, we defined three new parameters; Cumulative Sum of Homologs (CSH), Actual Proportion of Homologs (APH) and Homology Impact (HI) for post BLAST analysis. These parameters were tested using complete chloroplast proteomes and two separate comparisons, one of Poales (similar group) and other of several diverse groups (including algae, bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms and angiosperms) were performed. The number of proteins among these chloroplast proteomes range between 64 and 367. These parameters can be used to evaluate the results of comparative sequence analysis of other organisms' proteomes using other similarity search tools. Comparison of chloroplast proteomes of similar and diverse organisms shows common and lineage specific conservation. Based on complete chloroplast proteome analysis using CSH, APH and HI, we identified Charales as sister and bryophytes as a basal clade of land plants which validates all three parameters. In addition, our results also support hornworts as the transition link between bryophytes and pteridophytes. Our overall analysis suggests that the above defined parameters are useful to identify unbiased conservation between proteomes. ©IJIB, All rights reserved.
High-Gradient Magnetic Separation of Compact Fluorescent Lamp Phosphors: Elucidation of the Removal Dynamics in a Rotary Permanent Magnet Separator (2021)

In an ongoing effort towards a more sustainable rare-earth element market, there is a high potential for an efficient recycling of rare-earth elements from end-of-life compact fluorescent lamps by physical separation of the individual phosphors. In this study, we investigate the separation of five fluorescent lamp particles by high-gradient magnetic separation in a rotary permanent magnet separator. We thoroughly characterize the phosphors by ICP-MS, laser diffraction analysis, gas displacement pycnometry, surface area analysis, SQUID-VSM, and Time-Resolved Laser-Induced Fluorescence Spectroscopy. We present a fast and reliable quantification method for mixtures of the investigated phosphors, based on a combination of Time-Resolved Laser-Induced Fluorescence Spectroscopy and parallel factor analysis. With this method, we were able to monitor each phosphors’ removal dynamics in the high-gradient magnetic separator and we estimate that the particles’ removal efficiencies are proportional to (d2·χ)1/3. Finally, we have found that the removed phosphors can readily be recovered easily from the separation cell by backwashing with an intermittent air–water flow. This work should contribute to a better understanding of the phosphors’ separability by high-gradient magnetic separation and can simultaneously be considered to be an important preparation for an upscalable separation process with (bio)functionalized superparamagnetic carriers.
Unconventional Thin Film Photovoltaics (2016)

Covering both organic materials, where recent advances in the understanding of device physics is driving progress, and the newly emerging field of mixed halide perovskites, which are challenging the efficiencies of conventional thin film PV cells, this book provides a balanced overview of the experimental and theoretical aspects of these two classes of solar cell. The book explores both the experimental and theoretical aspects of these solar cell classes. Emphasis is placed on understanding the fundamental physics of the devices. The book also discusses modelling over many length scales, from nano to macro. The first book to cover perovskites, this is an important reference for industrialists and researchers working in energy technologies and materials.
Pre-bonding Characterization of SiCN Enabled Wafer Stacking (2019)

We present recent study in pre-bonding characterizations for SiCN-to-SiCN wafer stacking. An alternative approach is evaluated to quantify surface hydroxyl density on SiCN after plasma activation by HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> deposition. In addition, in-depth analysis of plasma activation effects is employed prior to bonding by means of TEM. The characterization results complement the post-bonding behavior of SiCN dielectric which deviates from conventional SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> -SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> bonding.
1174 Cases of Angiotensin Receptor Blocker (ARB) Related Sprue-Like Enteropathy (SE): A Review of the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) (2019)

INTRODUCTION: In 2002, olmesartan, an ARB, was introduced to the market as Benicar. In 2012, Rubio-Tapia et al. reported 22 cases of SE related to olmesartan. In 2013, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a safety warning about SE related to olmesartan. In August 2017, Benicar’s manufacturer paid $300 million to settle claims from about 2,300 plaintiffs in SE cases. The FAERS is a publicly available database for voluntary reporting of adverse drug events to the FDA. No study has summarized the reports of ARB-related SE to the FAERS. Our aim is to establish the timeline of FAERS reports of SE from ARBs and to further characterize reports of olmesartan and another ARB-related SE to the FAERS. METHODS: A total of 9,144,290 FAERS reports from January 2013 to December 2018 were downloaded. Data was first queried for all patients using an ARB for hypertension. All drugs were limited to those defined as “Primary Suspect”. Gastrointestinal adverse events (GIAE), including SE and control reactions were then obtained for all ARBs and searched by both generic and trade names. Information regarding the timeline of reports and demographics of reporters was collected. Reporters are categorized as physicians, pharmacists, other health care professionals, consumers, and attorneys. RESULTS: A total of 77,245 FAERS reports of people for ARBs were analyzed. SE was identified in 5,290 (6.8%) cases. With the exception of 6 cases, all were related to olmesartan. All olmesartan cases were filed under its trade name Benicar. In addition to the SE cases reported, there were 7,402 (9.6%) cases of GIAE related to ARB. These included drugs other than olmesartan. The number of reports filed by each category each year is shown in Table 1 and Figure 1. Cases of SE were followed, and their outcomes identified (Table 2). Hospitalization was reported in 52.7% and death in 0.9%. CONCLUSION: The FDA reports for olmesartan-related SE and ARB-related GIAE have increased dramatically. Unlike some high-profile cases with dramatically increased lawyer reporting, these reports originate from physicians and consumers. All reports were for Benicar, none for generics and a few reports for combinations. This can be explained by the minimum of 2 years of ARB use prior symptoms onset suggested in the literature. Other explanations include Benicar’s large market share or potential problems with the Benicar formulation.
Overlapping submicroscopic deletions in Xq28 in two unrelated boys with developmental disorders: identification of a gene near FRAXE. (1995)

Two unrelated boys are described with delay in development and submicroscopic deletions in Xq28, near FRAXE. Molecular diagnosis to exclude the fragile X (FRAXA) syndrome used the direct probe pfxa3, together with a control probe pS8 (DXS296), against PstI restriction digests of DNA. Deletions were detected initially by the control probe pS8, which is an anonymous fragment subcloned from YAC 539, within 1 Mb distal to FRAXA. Further molecular analyses determined that the maximum size of the deletion is < 100 kb in one boy (MK) and is wholly overlapped by the deletion of up to approximately 200 kb in the other (CB). These deletions lie between the sequences detected by the probe VK21C (DXS296) and a dinucleotide repeat VK18AC (DXS295). The patient MK had only speech delay with otherwise normal development, while patient CB had global developmental delay that included speech delay. Detection of overlapping deletions in these two cases led to speculation that coding sequences of a gene(s) important in language development may be affected. Hybridization of the pS8 and VK21A probes to zooblots revealed cross-species homology. This conservation during evolution suggested that this region contains sequences with functional significance in normal development. The VK21A probe detected a 9.5-kb transcript in placenta and brain and a smaller, 2.5-kb, transcript in other tissues analyzed.
Microfluidic-Based Electrochemical Immunosensing of Ferritin (2020)

Ferritin is a clinically important biomarker which reflects the state of iron in the body and is directly involved with anemia. Current methods available for ferritin estimation are generally not portable or they do not provide a fast response. To combat these issues, an attempt was made for lab-on-a-chip-based electrochemical detection of ferritin, developed with an integrated electrochemically active screen-printed electrode (SPE), combining nanotechnology, microfluidics, and electrochemistry. The SPE surface was modified with amine-functionalized graphene oxide to facilitate the binding of ferritin antibodies on the electrode surface. The functionalized SPE was embedded in the microfluidic flow cell with a simple magnetic clamping mechanism to allow continuous electrochemical detection of ferritin. Ferritin detection was accomplished via cyclic voltammetry with a dynamic linear range from 7.81 to 500 ng·mL<sup>-1</sup> and an LOD of 0.413 ng·mL<sup>-1</sup>. The sensor performance was verified with spiked human serum samples. Furthermore, the sensor was validated by comparing its response with the response of the conventional ELISA method. The current method of microfluidic flow cell-based electrochemical ferritin detection demonstrated promising sensitivity and selectivity. This confirmed the plausibility of using the reported technique in point-of-care testing applications at a much faster rate than conventional techniques.
Ring-opening precipitation polymerization of poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) in supercritical carbon dioxide (1999)

The biodegradable polymer poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) was synthesized by a ring-opening precipitation polymerization in supercritical CO2 using stannous octoate as initiator. Following polymerization, unreacted monomer was removed by supercritical fluid extraction and the polymer was recovered as a porous solid upon depressurization of the CO2 phase. The lactide to glycolide ratio of the polymer was determined to be 70.7 : 29.3 using 13C NMR spectroscopy. The weight-average molecular weight of the product was measured to be 3 500, with a polydispersity of 1.4 using gel permeation chromatography.
Fabrication of Microarrays on Fused Silica Plates Using the Laser-Induced Backside Wet Etching Method (2004)

A novel approach in the fabrication of microarrays of dye and protein on fused silica plates using the laser-induced backside wet etching (LIBWE) technique is described. The surface of fused silica plates was initially precoated using trimethoxysilane self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) and then etched using the LIBWE method to obtain the desired microstructures on the plate surface. Using this technique, the SAMs on the nonirradiated areas were able to survive the LIBWE process and were used as templates for the subsequent deposition of dye molecules or proteins via chemical bonding or physical adsorption. In the case of fused silica plates precoated with fluorinated SAMs, the LIBWE method is used to remove the SAMs to expose the etched silica surfaces, on which a thin layer of pyranine molecules can be site-selectively deposited using an aqueous solution of pyranine. In another application, an ethanol solution of rhodamine 6G was preferentially deposited onto the nonirradiated areas. In yet another application, bovine serum albumin was preferentially deposited onto the laser-irradiated areas; in this case, the fused silica plates were precoated with poly(ethylene oxide) SAMs. Interestingly, when an aqueous suspension of polystyrene (PS) microbeads was cast onto the fused silica precoated with the fluorinated SAMs, hexagonally close-packed PS microbeads were deposited into the etched cavities. Depositions of the dye, protein, and microbeads were confirmed by visualization using a fluorescence microscope and scanning electron microscope.
Diagnostik und Fragmentationstherapie der akuten massiven Lungenembolie mit einem rotierbaren Pigtail–Katheter: Experimentelle Studien (1995)

Ziel: Ein spezielles Pigtail–Kathetersystem, mit dem eine Lungenembolie diagnostiziert und unmittelbar anschließend fragmentiert werden kann, wurde im Tierexperiment erprobt.
ChemInform Abstract: The Use of Crown Ethers in Peptide Chemistry. Part 1. Syntheses of Amino Acid Complexes with the Cyclic Polyether 18‐Crown‐6 and Their Oligomerization in Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide‐Containing Solutions. (1987)

Abstract The amino acid complexes (I) and (II) with the cyclic polyether 18‐crown‐6 are prepared with 77‐97% yield.
A light-weight virtual machine monitor for Blue Gene/P (2011)

In this paper, we present a light-weight, micro–kernel-based virtual machine monitor (VMM) for the Blue Gene/P Su-percomputer. Our VMM comprises a small µ-kernel with virtualization capabilities and, atop, a user-level VMM com-ponent that manages virtual BG/P cores, memory, and in-terconnects; we also support running native applications directly atop the µ-kernel. Our design goal is to enable compatibility to standard OSes such as Linux on BG/P via virtualization, but to also keep the amount of kernel func-tionality small enough to facilitate shortening the path to applications and lowering OS noise. Our prototype implementation successfully virtualizes a BG/P version of Linux with support for Ethernet-based communication mapped onto BG/P’s collective and torus network devices. First experiences and experiments show that our VMM still shows a substantial performance hit; nevertheless, our approach poses an interesting OS alter-native for Supercomputers, providing the convenience of a fully-featured commodity software stack, while also promis-ing to deliver the scalability and low latency of an HPC OS. 1.