gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of a reduced tri-propylene glycol monomethyl ether–n-hexadecane–poly-aromatic hydrocarbon mechanism and its application for soot prediction (2016)

A reduced chemical kinetic mechanism for tri-propylene glycol monomethyl ether has been developed and applied to computational fluid dynamics calculations for predicting combustion and soot formation processes. The reduced tri-propylene glycol monomethyl ether mechanism was combined with a reduced n-hexadecane mechanism and a poly-aromatic hydrocarbon mechanism to investigate the effect of fuel oxygenation on combustion and soot emissions. The final version of the tri-propylene glycol monomethyl ether–n-hexadecane–poly-aromatic hydrocarbon mechanism consists of 144 species and 730 reactions and was validated with experiments in shock tubes as well as in a constant-volume spray combustion vessel from the Engine Combustion Network. The effects of ambient temperature, varying oxygen content in the tested fuels on ignition delay, spray lift-off length and soot formation under diesel-like conditions were analyzed and addressed using multidimensional reacting flow simulations and the reduced mechanism. The results show that the present reduced mechanism gives reliable predictions of the combustion characteristics and soot formation processes. In the constant-volume spray combustion vessel simulations, two important trends were identified. First, increasing the initial temperature in the constant-volume spray combustion vessel shortens the ignition delay and lift-off length and reduces the fuel–air mixing, thereby increasing the soot levels. Second, fuel oxygenation introduces more oxygen into the central region of a fuel jet and reduces residence times of fuel-rich area in active soot-forming regions, thereby reducing soot levels.
Nanowire Channel InAlN/GaN HEMTs With High Linearity of $g_{\rm m}$ and $f_{\rm T}$ (2013)

This letter reports a high linearity InAlN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) with a nanowire channel structure. It is found that the increase of source access resistance with drain current severely limits the linearity of GaN HEMTs. By increasing the ratio of the source access region width to that of the channel, the transistor access region has a larger current drivability than the channel region, which enables the source access region to behave more like an ideal source. The suppression of the increase in source access resistance with current provides a flat transconductance <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$(g_{\rm{m}})$</tex></formula> at high drain current even in sub-100-nm short-channel devices. In addition, the constant source resistance allows a higher effective gate voltage overdrive, which enables a higher drain current density <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$({&gt;}{\rm 3.5}~{\rm A}/{\rm mm})$</tex></formula> in the intrinsic device. The new devices also show very flat current-gain cutoff frequency <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">$(f_{\rm{T}})$</tex></formula> as a function of gate voltage. These results highlight the importance of the source access region in limiting the maximum current density and the linearity of GaN HEMTs.
Localization of carriers and polarization effects in quaternary AlInGaN multiple quantum wells (2001)

We report on observing a long-wavelength band in low-temperature photoluminescence (PL) spectrum of quaternary Al0.22In0.02Ga0.76N/Al0.38In0.01Ga0.61N multiple quantum wells (MQWs), which were grown over sapphire substrates by a pulsed atomic-layer epitaxy technique. By comparing the excitation-power density and temperature dependence of the PL spectra of MQWs and bulk quaternary AlInGaN layers, we show this emission band to arise from the carrier and/or exciton localization at the quantum well interface disorders. PL data for other radiative transitions in MQWs indicate that excitation-dependent spectra position is determined by screening of the built-in electric field.
Neutralizing Positive Charges at the Surface of a Protein Lowers Its Rate of Amide Hydrogen Exchange without Altering Its Structure or Increasing Its Thermostability (2010)

This paper combines two techniques--mass spectrometry and protein charge ladders--to examine the relationship between the surface charge and hydrophobicity of a representative globular protein (bovine carbonic anhydrase II; BCA II) and its rate of amide hydrogen-deuterium (H/D) exchange. Mass spectrometric analysis indicated that the sequential acetylation of surface lysine-ε-NH3(+) groups--a type of modification that increases the net negative charge and hydrophobicity of the surface of BCA II without affecting its secondary or tertiary structure--resulted in a linear decrease in the aggregate rate of amide H/D exchange at pD 7.4, 15 °C. According to analysis with MS, the acetylation of each additional lysine generated between 1.4 and 0.9 additional hydrogens that are protected from H/D exchange during the 2 h exchange experiment at 15 °C, pD 7.4. NMR spectroscopy demonstrated that none of the hydrogen atoms which became protected upon acetylation were located on the side chain of the acetylated lysine residues (i.e., lys-ε-NHCOCH3) but were instead located on amide NHCO moieties in the backbone. The decrease in rate of exchange associated with acetylation paralleled a decrease in thermostability: the most slowly exchanging rungs of the charge ladder were the least thermostable (as measured by differential scanning calorimetry). This observation--that faster rates of exchange are associated with slower rates of denaturation--is contrary to the usual assumptions in protein chemistry. The fact that the rates of H/D exchange were similar for perbutyrated BCA II (e.g., [lys-ε-NHCO(CH2)2CH3]18) and peracetylated BCA II (e.g., [lys-ε-NHCOCH3]18) suggests that the electrostatic charge is more important than the hydrophobicity of surface groups in determining the rate of H/D exchange. These electrostatic effects on the kinetics of H/D exchange could complicate (or aid) the interpretation of experiments in which H/D exchange methods are used to probe the structural effects of non-isoelectric perturbations to proteins (i.e., phosphorylation, acetylation, or the binding of the protein to an oligonucleotide or to another charged ligand or protein).
Supplementary Tables 1-4, Figure Legends 1-4 from BRCA1 Represses Amphiregulin Gene Expression (2023)

Supplementary Tables 1-4, Figure Legends 1-4 from BRCA1 Represses Amphiregulin Gene Expression
Diagnostic intervals before and after implementation of cancer patient pathways – a GP survey and registry based comparison of three cohorts of cancer patients (2015)

The diagnostic interval was significantly lower after CPP implementation. Yet, patients not referred to a CPP in 2010 tended to have a longer diagnostic interval compared to during the implementation. CPPs may thus only seem to expedite the diagnostic process for some cancer patients.
Phycoremediation Strategies for Rapid Nutrient Removal in a Waste Stream (2012)

Phycoremediation Strategies for Rapid Nutrient Removal in a Waste Stream Author(s)Katherine C. FilippinoChristopher SchweitzerMargaret R. MulhollandCharles B. BottSourceProceedings of the Water Environment FederationDocument typeConference PaperPublisherWater Environment FederationPrint publication date Sep, 2012ISSN1938-6478DOI10.2175/193864712811726770Volume / Issue2012 / 13Content sourceWEFTECCopyright2012Word count11
Single-Cell Systems (2016)

This chapter treats the single-cell scenario of Section 2.2.1, where a base station uses an array of M antennas to communicate simultaneously with K active terminals. A great deal of Massive MIMO phenomenology surfaces in this scenario: the effects of noise, channel non-orthogonality, and channel estimation errors; the details of multiplexing and de-multiplexing; near/far effects; and the significance of power control.
Revolutionizing laparoscopy : bringing glasses-free multiview 3D into the operating room (2012)

Over the past several years, a dramatic increase in attention has been paid to 3D media, particularly in the movie industry. Due to the lack of previous algorithmic advancement and the absence of unobtrusive technology, however, three-dimensional visualization has failed to penetrate the operating room until now. In this work, we present a system to deliver glasses-free 3D visualization of laparoscopic surgeries to the operating room via multiview autostereoscopic displays. We begin by developing robust stereo-to-multiview content generation so that we may produce an arbitrary number of stereo sequences for presentation on autostereoscopic displays. We then introduce a reliable disparity estimation technique that enables the synthesis of the virtual views. In addition, we enforce spatio-temporal consistency in disparity estimates to provide a superior 3D experience for surgeons and operating room staff. Finally, we implement the entire system on graphics hardware in order to achieve real-time operability. Numerous attempts have been made to introduce three-dimensional (3D) video systems into clinical routine, particularly for surgeries. The drawback with all of them thus far has been the fact that they require users to wear cumbersome glasses in order to receive the advantage of stereoscopy. In this work, we present, to our best knowledge, the world's first laparoscopic surgical system that delivers glasses-free multiview 3D in high-denition (HD) resolution. In addition to a quantitative evaluation of the video processing components, we performed an initial subjective study with laparoscopically experienced surgeons, which yielded very promising results
Leland to Barrett: 1751–1800 (2014)

Despite the revision of the statutes, it remained the norm throughout the eighteenth century for the Librarian to be elected along with the other College officers on 20 November each year. Some, like Thomas Leland, held office for several consecutive years, but annual changes of office-holder were still common. In the 1760s the lack of clarity between the old ways and the new led to a dispute about who actually was the Librarian. Theaker Wilder, Regius Professor of Greek, was elected in November 1762 and again the following November. In March 1764 he was given leave of absence for 3 years and relinquished his Chair, but continued to be paid as Librarian until November 1765. At that point, no doubt preferring to have a Librarian who was actually present in the College, the Board elected one of the Junior Fellows, Thomas Wilson. Wilson was in turn replaced by William Andrews a year later. In March 1767 Wilder's leave of absence was extended for a further 3 years but, undaunted by the fact that he would have been an absentee Librarian for 6 years, he protested to the Board that the election of Wilson and Andrews had been in contravention of the statutes, which stated that an election should not take place each year, but only when the post was vacant. He argued that he had not resigned and was therefore still in post, and would not resign unless found guilty of breaches specified in the statutes. The Board ignored his objection, but he insisted that a note to its effect was inserted into the register. Given the lack of commitment to the post by many of the office-holders, it is hardly surprising that there is little evidence of much activity in the Library during this period except when an energetic and enthusiastic Librarian such as Hudson or Leland held office.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Metabolites of the Cerebroprotecting Agent 7‐Hydroxy‐1‐[[[4‐ (3‐methoxyphenyl)‐1‐piperazinyl]acetyl]amino]‐2,2,4,6‐tetramethylindan (OPC‐14117). (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Visual Interfaces in XR (2022)

In the mixed reality (MR) continuum, all headsets comprise a visual interface featuring at least two parts: a display engine (containing the information to be displayed to user) and an optical train/combiner (directing and transforming the display information to achieve the required visual experience by users). The type of displays and optics used in each case vary a lot, depending on whether the devices are augmented reality (AR) only, virtual reality (VR) only, or something in between. Even in each one of these specific segments, the visual interfaces can vary as well, depending on the strategy of each approach, which might prioritize some features over others. Among the different features to be considered, the field of view, angular resolution, size/total track length and weight, contrast/efficiency, image quality, eye-box, and costs outstand. In the AR-only limit, contrast/efficiency, image qu ality, ey e-box, costs, an d size/weight often prevail over other considerations, while on the VR-only side, the field of view, cost, and resolution are king, with size/weight slowly coming into play in recent solutions. This chapter briefly discusses the main approaches visual interfaces are following these days to attain the goals fixed by the different brands in the extended reality (XR) field, along with a short overview of future technologies with potential to become the state of the art in the mid and long run.
Urban pollution monitoring through opportunistic mobile sensor networks based on public transport (2008)

The development of an opportunistic sensor network deployed on regular public transport vehicles with the aim of obtaining a flexible pollution monitoring system over large urban areas is presented. Georeferenced pollution data is acquired by a modular autonomous sensing system placed on vehicles which has been developed and is being currently tested. Short and long range communication systems are used to transmit data from the mobile sources to the central data processing and mapping unit. Within this unit an application to represent the geopositioned pollutant measurements has been implemented based on Google Earth. This provides the user with an interface allowing the study of the evolution of the gas concentrations along a given bus route as well as on the whole urban area.
Progress in generation and applications of phase-stabilized, few-cycle pulses at MHz repetition rate in Vienna (2004)

The paper discusses on the generation and full characterization of 4-fs phase-stabilized pulses as well as their temporal carrier-envelope phase (CEP) jitter, first experimental demonstration of a phase-sensitive detector on a base of photoemission effect from a solid target, and generation of a self-phase-stabilized signal based on a difference frequency generation.
P1‐272: Intranasal administration of pronucleon peptides for in vivo imaging of beta‐amyloid in Alzheimer's disease (2008)

One of the pathological features of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the conversion of a normal soluble protein into insoluble beta amyloid aggregates. Aggregation and deposition of amyloid beta in vivo may precede clinical symptoms by many years. In vivo imaging of amyloid plaques would be beneficial for the following reasons: 1) A potential preclinical diagnostic of AD, 2) Determining the efficacy of anti-amyloid therapies, 3) Monitoring effects of AD therapeutics in clinical trials. We previously reported a novel Pronucleon™ peptide technology that specifically measures beta amyloid. The Pronucleon™ peptide undergoes a sequence-specific conformational change in the presence of the amyloid beta aggregates which can be used to measure beta amyloid in CSF and blood. The primary objective is to develop an easily administered imaging agent that will provide an early measure of plaque or amyloid aggregate burden associated with AD. The Pronucleon™ peptide was first examined as an ex vivo stain for amyloid plaques. We have since administered (intranasally) Pronucleon peptides in hAPP transgenic mice that develop extensive plaque pathology. Sections from these mice were subjected to ex vivo analyses including fluorescence, Thioflavin S staining, anti-amyloid staining and anti-GFAP staining. The Pronucleon™ peptides contain fluorescent tags that are sensitive to beta amyloid conformational states and results in the ability to image beta amyloid aggregates with a fluorescent microscope. Ex vivo administration of the Pronucleon™ peptide to tissue section from transgenic mice demonstrates that the peptide labels plaque like material. These, ex vivo, plaque-like images co merge with Thioflavin S staining. Intransal, in vivo, administration of the fluorescent Pronucleon™ peptide labels plaques in the hippocampus and cortex of transgenic mice. Fluorescent structures had plaque like morphology and co merged with anti-amyloid antibody or Thioflavin S staining. A significant positive correlation was observed between Pronucleon™ peptide staining and Thioflavin S staining. These data suggest that the Pronucleon™ peptide can efficiently cross the blood brain barrier, label plaques, and may be an effective tool for in vivo imaging.
Considerations for low-inertia AC drives in machine tool axis servo applications (1991)

The important differences encountered in applying AC permanent magnet servomotors that might have one-tenth of the shaft inertias of their torque-equivalent predecessors to machine tool axis servo applications are examined. Experimental results demonstrating these differences and corroborating the conclusions drawn are provided. Experimental testing was accomplished on a motor test stand and in a machine tool axis servo application. The test stand had two AC servomotors coupled in a motor/dynamometer configuration. Analytical and experimental results demonstrate that in addition to affecting the acceleration or command-following capabilities of the servomotor, reduction of shaft inertia affects the controller tuning robustness, bandwidths, and dynamic stiffness characteristics and also has implications for the drive/controller sampling rate. The process of selecting an appropriate servomotor for such axis servo applications is reviewed, and the factors that are affected by motor/magnet technology are summarized.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Proportional Fairness in Multi-channel Multi-rate Wireless Networks-Part II: The Case of Time-Varying Channels (2006)

This is Part II of a two-part paper series that studies the use of the proportional fairness (PF) utility function as the basis for capacity allocation and scheduling in multi-channel multi-rate wireless networks. The contributions of Part II are twofold. (i) First, we extend the problem formulation, theoretical results, and algorithms to the case of time-varying channels, where opportunistic capacity allocation and scheduling can be exploited to improve system performance. We lay down the theoretical foundation for optimization that "couples" the time-varying characteristic of channels with the requirements of the underlying applications into one consideration. In particular, the extent to which opportunistic optimization is possible is not just a function of how fast the channel characteristics vary, but also a function of the elasticity of the underlying applications for delayed capacity allocation. (ii) Second, building upon our theoretical framework and results, we study subcarrier allocation and scheduling in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) cellular wireless networks. We introduce the concept of a W-normalized Doppler frequency to capture the extent to which opportunistic scheduling can be exploited to achieve throughput-fairness performance gain. We show that a "look-back PF" scheduling can strike a good balance between system throughput and fairness while taking the underlying application requirements into account.
Blood flow patterns estimation in the left ventricle with low-rate 2D and 3D dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound (2020)

Using the proposed method, adequate visualization and quantification of blood flow patterns are successfully enabled based on low-rate DCE-US of the LV, facilitating the clinical adoption of the method using standard ultrasound scanners. The clinical value of the method in the context of CRT is also shown.
Actions of Imidazolines on Bovine Ciliary Artery (1996)

A segment of bovine ciliary artery exhibits nonlinear biphasic contractile responses to agonists. The maximal responses of oxymetazoline (OMZ) and norepinephrine (NE) were 55% and 45%, respectively (KCl = 100%). The relative potency comparison based on the ED50 of the first component of the dose-response curve was OMZ; 1 > NE; 1/7 > phenylephrine; 1/72. At equipotent doses of NE and OMZ, the t1/2 duration of response of the latter agonist was 43 times greater than that of the former and, after 3 hrs, responses were 95% reproducible. Naphazoline, tetrahydrozoline and para-aminoclonidine did not produce significant contraction of the blood vessel but did antagonize the action of the agonists. As compared to that of NE, naphazoline was selective in blocking responses of OMZ. Phentolamine blocking action of NE was greater than that of OMZ. Nifedipine, 100 nM, reduced the second component of OMZ response. Although the vascular action of NE was blocked by prazosin, the contractile action of OMZ was totally resistant to block by 1 microM of prazosin. These results indicate that ciliary artery contains a subtype of alpha-adrenoceptors (alpha 11) with low sensitivity to prazosin. The tissue also contains a unique OMZ sensitive site or imidazoline receptors which exhibit low affinity to alpha-adrenoceptor blockers.
Preparation and Characterization of EVA/MMT Nanocomposites (2006)

Nanocomposites composed of poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVA) and montmorillonite (MMT) were prepared by melt intercalation. Their structure and properties were studied by FT-IR, XRD, TGA, the Molau test, and tensile and tear strength measurements. The results showed that those silicate layers of MMT treated with the swelling agent hexadecyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) were dispersed in the EVA matrix on a nanometer scale and an intercalated EVA/MMT nanocomposite was obtained. The interfacial interaction, tensile strength and tear strength of those EVA/MMT samples treated with CTAB (denoted by MMT-CTAB) nanocomposites were noticeably improved. Whether treated or not, the composites underwent two thermal degradation steps. In the first step, the thermal stability of EVA/CTAB-MMT nanocomposites was lower than that of EVA/ MMT ones because of the degradation of the swelling agent, whereas in the second step EVA/CTAB-MMT nanocomposites exhibited higher thermal stability.
Protein kinase D is a positive regulator of Bit1 apoptotic function. (2011)

VOLUME 283 (2008) PAGES 28029–28037 Dr. Biliran's present address is as follows: Dept. of Biology, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Dr., New Orleans, LA 70125.