gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gate Oxide Reliability of 1.2 kV and 6.5 kV SiC MOSFETs under Stair-Shaped Increase of Positive and Negative Gate Bias (2021)

In this paper the gate oxide reliability of SiC MOSFETs has been tested under different stress conditions. Discrete devices of the 1.2 kV class with planar and trench MOS-structure have been examined under positive and negative stair-shaped increased gate bias until the time dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB). This test procedure was developed to expose extrinsic failures in high temperature gate bias tests. Additionally, three prototype power modules equipped with 6.5 kV SiC MOSFETs have been tested under positive, negative constant voltage gate bias and positive stair-shaped increased gate bias. The threshold voltage together with the output characteristic has been recorded before test start and after every stress period. A significant impact from the V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">GS(Th)</sub> -drift on the output characteristic is shown. Hence, it is recommended to consider the TDDB and the V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">GS(Th)</sub> -drift for lifetime predictions.
1,8-Anthracenediethynylbis(catechol boronate): a bidentate Lewis acid on a novel framework (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT1,8-Anthracenediethynylbis(catechol boronate): a bidentate Lewis acid on a novel frameworkH. E. KatzCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 9, 2179–2183Publication Date (Print):April 28, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 28 April 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00270a030https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00270a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views797Altmetric-Citations116LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
THE EFFECT OF TRANSDUCER BANDWIDTH ON ULTRASONIC IMAGE CHARACTERISTICS (1995)

In addition to transducer frequency, bandwidth should be taken into account when choosing a transducer for a specific ophthalmic imaging application. Both broad- and narrowband transducers have relative advantages in particular applications.
Metacontrol for Adaptive Imagination-Based Optimization (2017)

Many machine learning systems are built to solve the hardest examples of a particular task, which often makes them large and expensive to run---especially with respect to the easier examples, which might require much less computation. For an agent with a limited computational budget, this "one-size-fits-all" approach may result in the agent wasting valuable computation on easy examples, while not spending enough on hard examples. Rather than learning a single, fixed policy for solving all instances of a task, we introduce a metacontroller which learns to optimize a sequence of "imagined" internal simulations over predictive models of the world in order to construct a more informed, and more economical, solution. The metacontroller component is a model-free reinforcement learning agent, which decides both how many iterations of the optimization procedure to run, as well as which model to consult on each iteration. The models (which we call "experts") can be state transition models, action-value functions, or any other mechanism that provides information useful for solving the task, and can be learned on-policy or off-policy in parallel with the metacontroller. When the metacontroller, controller, and experts were trained with "interaction networks" (Battaglia et al., 2016) as expert models, our approach was able to solve a challenging decision-making problem under complex non-linear dynamics. The metacontroller learned to adapt the amount of computation it performed to the difficulty of the task, and learned how to choose which experts to consult by factoring in both their reliability and individual computational resource costs. This allowed the metacontroller to achieve a lower overall cost (task loss plus computational cost) than more traditional fixed policy approaches. These results demonstrate that our approach is a powerful framework for using rich forward models for efficient model-based reinforcement learning.
Triflic acid-promoted cycloisomerization of 2-alkynylphenyl isothiocyanates and isocyanates: a novel synthetic method for a variety of indole derivatives (2014)

A new approach towards the synthesis of indole derivatives via triflic acid-promoted cycloisomerization with rearrangement of 2-(alkyn-1-yl)phenyl isothiocyanates and 2-(alkyn-1-yl)phenyl isocyanates has been achieved. By this methodology, structurally diverse types of indole derivatives such as thieno- and furo-indoles, spiro-indolethiones, spiro-oxindoles, and 3-alkylidene-oxindoles were synthesized.
Personalized Management Strategies in Mast Cell Disorders: ECNM-AIM User’s Guide for Daily Clinical Practice (2022)

Mastocytosis is a myeloid neoplasm defined by expansion and focal accumulation of clonal mast cells (MCs) in one or more organs. The disease exhibits a complex pathology and may be complicated by MC activation, bone abnormalities, neurological problems, gastrointestinal symptoms, and/or hematologic progression. The World Health Organization divides mastocytosis into cutaneous forms, systemic mastocytosis (SM) and MC sarcoma. In most patients with SM, somatic mutations in KIT are detected. Patients with indolent SM have a normal to near-normal life expectancy, whereas patients with advanced SM, including aggressive SM and MC leukemia, have a poor prognosis. In those with advanced SM, multiple somatic mutations and an associated hematologic neoplasm may be detected. Mediator-related symptoms can occur in any type of mastocytosis. Symptoms may be mild, severe, or even life-threatening. In patients with severe acute symptoms, an MC activation syndrome may be diagnosed. In these patients, relevant comorbidities include IgE-dependent and IgE-independent allergies. Management of patients with SM is an emerging challenge in daily practice and requires in-depth knowledge and a multidisciplinary and personalized approach with selection of appropriate procedures and interventions. In this article, we review the current knowledge on SM and MC activation syndrome, with emphasis on multidisciplinary aspects in diagnosis and patient-specific management. In addition, we provide a user's guide for application of markers, algorithms, prognostic scores, and treatments for use in daily practice.
Glucuronidation and its impact on the bioactivity of [6]-shogaol (2017)

The findings from current study provide foundations for understanding the role of glucuronidation in biotransformation and biological activities of 6S.
Select Bibliography (2009)

1. Books Bantekas, I., and Nash, S., International Criminal Law (2nd ed.), London, Cavendish Publishing Limited, 2003. Bassiouni, M.C., and Wise, E.M., Aut Dedere Aut Judicare: The Duty to Extradite or Prosecute in International Law, Dordrecht, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1995. Bassiouni, M.C., International Extradition: United States Law and Practice, New York, Oceana Publications, 2002. Bassiouni, M.C., International Criminal Law Conventions and their Penal Provisions, New York, Transnatio...
Multi-mode fibers in compact fiber-based chirped pulse amplification systems (2001)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text M. Hofer, M. E. Fermann, A. Galvanauskas, D. Harter, and R. S. Windeler, "Multi-mode fibers in compact fiber-based chirped pulse amplification systems," in Advanced Solid State Lasers, M. Fejer, H. Injeyan, and U. Keller, eds., Vol. 26 of OSA Trends in Optics and Photonics (Optica Publishing Group, 1999), paper TuA2. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Inactivation and Inhibition of γ-Aminobutyric Acid Aminotransferase by Conformationally Restricted Vigabatrin Analogues (2002)

Four cyclohexene analogues of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and beta-alanine were designed as conformationally rigid analogues of the epilepsy and drug addiction drug vigabatrin and as potential mechanism-based inactivators of gamma-aminobutyric acid aminotransferase (GABA-AT). The corresponding cyclopentene analogues were previously reported to be inhibitors, but not inactivators, of GABA-AT (Qiu, J.; Pingsterhaus, J.; Silverman, R. B. J. Med. Chem. 1999, 42, 4725-4728). cis-3-Aminocyclohex-4-ene-1-carboxylic acid (3) and cis-2-aminocyclohex-3-ene-1-carboxylic acid (5) showed time- and concentration-dependent, irreversible inactivation of GABA-AT. In both cases, the inactivations are protected by substrate, indicating that they are active site-directed. trans-3-Aminocyclohex-4-ene-1-carboxylic acid (4) and trans-2-aminocyclohex-3-ene-1-carboxylic acid (6) are not inactivators but are competitive reversible inhibitors of GABA-AT. Unlike the cyclopentene analogues, there appears to be sufficient ring flexibility to allow inactivation to occur. The orientation of the carboxylic and amino groups of these analogues is important for their binding to GABA-AT. Molecular modeling of GABA-AT with 3-6 and molecular dynamics simulations with vigabatrin bound provide rationalizations for the inhibitory properties of these compounds.
Conclusion (2019)

Inhalation aerosols constitute a major drug delivery vehicle for the treatment of a wide range of diseases. Chapters 1 to 26 this book integrate observations from therapy to generalizations about dosage forms and pathophysiology influencing effective disease management. The need to ensure the quality of the product to establish safety and efficacy is also emphasized. Inhaled drug products achieve successful treatment though accurate and reproducible delivery of a therapeutic dose, with an appropriate aerodynamic particle size distribution, at the desired rate and ideally with unimpeded dissolution properties. In the rare case that dissolution may be delayed or extended, the phenomenon should be reproducible and should be monitored and controlled. Despite the depth of understanding in the field, modeling has yet to predict therapeutic outcomes from a knowledge of the dosage form and lung biology. The last step in predicting outcomes may be to use a personalized medicine strategy in which the lung function and pathophysiology of the individual patient is matched specifically to the dosage form performance.
Single Case Research in Schools (2013)

Single Case Research in Schools addresses and examines the variety of cutting-edge issues in single case research (SCR) in educational settings. Featuring simple and practical techniques for aggregating data for evidence-based practices, the book delves into methods of selecting behaviors of interest and measuring them reliably. The latter part of Single Case Research in Schools is devoted to a step-by-step model of using SCR to evaluate practices in schools. This includes considerations such as measurement, date collection, length of phases, design consideratoins, calculating effect size and reliability of measures.
Large-scale Massive MIMO Network Evaluation Using Ray-based Deterministic Simulations (2018)

Large-scale massive MIMO network deployments can provide higher spectral efficiency and better coverage for future communication systems like 5G. Due to the large number of antennas at the base station, the system achieves stable channel quality and spatially separable channels to the different users. In this paper, linear, planar, circular and cylindrical arrays are used in the evaluation of a large-scale multi-cell massive MIMO network. The system-level performance is predicted using two different kinds of channel models. First, a ray-based deterministic tool is utilized in a real North American city environment. Second, an independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) Rayleigh fading channel model is considered, as often used in previously published massive MIMO studies. The analysis is conducted in a 16-macro-cell network with outdoor and randomly distributed users. It is shown that the array configuration has a large impact on the throughput statistics. Although the system-level performance with i.i.d. Rayleigh fading can be close to the deterministic prediction in some situations (e.g., with large linear arrays), significant differences are noticed when considering other types of arrays.
Structural Biology Toward Rational Drug Development in Collaboration with Molecular Imaging (2012)

One of the most costly steps in drug development is the identification of a genuinely druggable compound for human beings, from pre-clinical animal model research. In order to overcome this problem, the importance of screening compounds with desirable distributions and metabolism in human bodies, using a microdosing technique, is increasingly apparent. In addition, screening compounds with high ligand efficiency is crucial to identify druggable compounds at an early stage of the research, and structure-based drug development is the most powerful tool for this strategy. Thus, the combined utilization of structural biology/structural genomics and molecular imaging technology will be critically important for drug discovery research in the near future. This review focuses on current topics of structural genomics, including protein synthesis systems and structural analyses, toward rational drug development in collaboration with molecular imaging. Keywords: Crystal, Histone, Inhibitor, Membrane protein, Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), X-ray structure.
On Triazoles. Part 49. Synthesis of 5,6‐Dihydrothiazolo[3,2‐b][1,2,4]triazol‐2‐yl‐, 6,7‐Dihydro‐5H‐[1,2,4]triazolo[5,1‐b][1,3]thiazin‐2‐yl‐, and 5,6,7,8‐Tetrahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[5,1‐b] [1,3]thiazepin‐2‐yl‐isoquinolinium Salts (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Magnetoelastic beam with extended polymer for low frequency vibration energy harvesting (2016)

Ambient energy in the form of mechanical kinetic energy is mostly considered waste energy. The process of scavenging and storing such energy is known as energy harvesting. Energy harvesting from mechanical vibration is performed using resonant energy harvesters (EH) with two major goals: enhancing the power scavenged at low frequency sources of vibrations, and increasing the efficiency of scavenging energy by increasing the bandwidth near the resonant frequency. Toward such goals, we propose a piezoelectric EH of a composite cantilever beam with a tip magnet facing another magnet at a distance. The composite cantilever consists of a piezoelectric bimorph with an extended polymer material. With the effect of the nonlinearity of the magnetic force, higher amplitude can be achieved because of the generated bi-stability oscillations of the cantilever beam under harmonic excitation. The contribution of the this paper is to demonstrate lowering the achieved resonant frequency down to 17 Hz compared to 100 Hz for the piezoelectric bimorph beam without the extended polymer. Depending on the magnetic distance, the beam responses are divided to mono and bi-stable regions, for which we investigate static and dynamic behaviors. The dynamics of the system and the frequency and voltage responses of the beam are obtained using the shooting method.
Spatialization Design: Comparing Points and Landscapes (2007)

Spatializations represent non-spatial data using a spatial layout similar to a map. We present an experiment comparing different visual representations of spatialized data, to determine which representations are best for a non-trivial search and point estimation task. Primarily, we compare point-based displays to 2D and 3D information landscapes. We also compare a colour (hue) scale to a grey (lightness) scale. For the task we studied, point-based spatializations were far superior to landscapes, and 2D landscapes were superior to 3D landscapes. Little or no benefit was found for redundantly encoding data using colour or greyscale combined with landscape height. 3D landscapes with no colour scale (height-only) were particularly slow and inaccurate. A colour scale was found to be better than a greyscale for all display types, but a greyscale was helpful compared to height-only. These results suggest that point-based spatializations should be chosen over landscape representations, at least for tasks involving only point data itself rather than derived information about the data space.
The synthesis of cadmium sulfide nanoplatelets using a novel continuous flow sonochemical reactor (2015)

A continuous flow sonochemical reactor was developed capable of producing metastable cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanoplatelets with thicknesses at or below 10nm. The continuous flow sonochemical reactor included the passive in-line micromixing of reagents prior to sonochemical reaction. Synthesis results were compared with those from reactors involving batch conventional heating and batch ultrasound-induced heating. The continuous sonochemical synthesis was found to result in high aspect ratio hexagonal platelets of CdS possessing cubic crystal structures with thicknesses well below 10nm. The unique shape and crystal structure of the nanoplatelets are suggestive of high localized temperatures within the sonochemical process. The particle size uniformity and product throughput are much higher for the continuous sonochemical process in comparison to the batch sonochemical process and conventional synthesis processes.
Trithorax and dCBP Acting in a Complex to Maintain Expression of a Homeotic Gene (2001)

Trithorax (Trx) is a member of the trithorax group (trxG) of epigenetic regulators, which is required to maintain active states of Hox gene expression during development. We have purified from Drosophila embryos a trithorax acetylation complex (TAC1) that contains Trx, dCBP, and Sbf1. Like CBP, TAC1 acetylates core histones in nucleosomes, suggesting that this activity may be important for epigenetic maintenance of gene activity. dCBP and Sbf1 associate with specific sites on salivary gland polytene chromosomes, colocalizing with many Trx binding sites. One of these is the site of the Hox gene Ultrabithorax (Ubx). Mutations in either trx or the gene encoding dCBP reduce expression of the endogenous Ubx gene as well as of transgenes driven by the bxd regulatory region of Ubx. Thus Trx, dCBP, and Sbf1 are closely linked, physically and functionally, in the maintenance of Hox gene expression.
Parameterization of the MISO IFC rate region: the case of partial channel state information (2010)

We study the achievable rate region of the multiple-input single-output (MISO) interference channel (IFC), under the assumption that all receivers treat the interference as additive Gaussian noise. We assume the case of two users, and that the channel state information (CSI) is only partially known at the transmitters. Our main result is a characterization of Pareto-optimal transmit strategies, for channel matrices that satisfy a certain technical condition. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the theoretical results.
Analysis of breast tissue calcifications using FTIR spectroscopy (2007)

Microalcifications can be found in both benign and malignant breast lesions and their composition can indicate the disease state. Type I microcalcifications are composed of calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD) and are associated mainly with benign tissue, whereas hydroxyapatite (HAP) can be present in both tissue types. As current practices such as mammography and histopathology examine the morphology of the specimen, they can not reliably distinguish between the two types of calcification, which frequently are the only mammographic features that indicate the presence of a cancerous lesion. Analysis of tissue by Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy (FTIR) allows biochemical information to be achieved from the sample. Spectral maps have been carried out on paraffinized sections of breast tissue from 9 patients of different pathology types containing calcification. The chemical composition of the calcifications and surrounding tissue has been analysed and correlated with tissue pathology. This preliminary study has demonstrated the ability to conduct FTIR in paraffinized sections of breast tissue, and initial observations show a correlation between HAP carbonate substitution and tissue pathology. It is hoped that this and further studies will give insight into how the calcifications are linked to the disease process and will give an increased understanding of the significance of calcifications in breast tissue. If type II microcalcifications can be differentiated in benign and malignant tissue by spectroscopic techniques, this may have positive implications in early diagnosis if the techniques can be applied in vivo and spectroscopy of paraffin sections enables biochemical information to accompany histopathology of the sample.
3D Simulations of Ultra‐small MOSFETswith Real‐space Treatment of the Electron – Electronand Electron‐ion Interactions (1999)

We present a 3D Ensemble Monte Carlo particle‐based simulator with a novel realspace treatment of the short‐range electron – electron and electron‐ion interactions. By using a corrected Coulomb force in conjunction with a proper cutoff range, the shortrange portion of the force is properly accounted for, and the ‘double counting’ of the long‐range interaction is eliminated. The proposed method naturally incorporates the multi‐ion contributions, local distortions in the scattering potential due to the movement of the free charges, and carrier‐density fluctuations. The doping dependence of the low‐field mobility obtained from 3D resistor simulations closely follows experimental results, thus supporting the appropriateness of the proposed scheme. Simulations of ultra‐small MOSFETs demonstrate that the short‐range electron – electron and electronion interactions are responsible for the fast thermalization of the carriers at the drain end of the device, which occurs over distances that are on the order of few nanometers. The omission of the short‐range portions of these two interaction terms leads to significant overestimation of the distance over which carriers thermalize.