gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DNA-Programmable Nanoparticle Crystallization* (2020)

If a solution of DNA-coated nanoparticles is allowed to crystallize, the thermodynamic structure can be predicted by a set of structural design rules analogous to Pauling’s rules for ionic crystallization. The details of the crystallization process, however, have proved more difficult to characterize as they depend on a complex interplay of many factors. This chapter describes that this crystallization process is dictated by the individual DNA bonds and that the effect of changing structural or environmental conditions can be understood by considering the effect of these parameters on free oligonucleotides. DNA is a powerful ligand for programming the assembly of nanoparticles into superlattices with a vast number of crystallographic symmetries. The well-understood nature of DNA programmable assembly, through the established design rules for the rational construction of DNA nanoparticle superlattices, provides the perfect platform for exploring the degree to which non-DNA oligonucleotides can serve as programmable “bonds.”
Novel Dual Inhibitors of Calpain and Lipid Peroxidation. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Adaptive immunity maintains occult cancer in an equilibrium state. (2008)

The capacity of immunity to control and shape cancer, that is, cancer immunoediting, is the result of three processes that function either independently or in sequence: elimination (cancer immunosurveillance, in which immunity functions as an extrinsic tumour suppressor in naive hosts); equilibrium (expansion of transformed cells is held in check by immunity); and escape (tumour cell variants with dampened immunogenicity or the capacity to attenuate immune responses grow into clinically apparent cancers). Extensive experimental support now exists for the elimination and escape processes because immunodeficient mice develop more carcinogen-induced and spontaneous cancers than wild-type mice, and tumour cells from immunodeficient mice are more immunogenic than those from immunocompetent mice. In contrast, the equilibrium process was inferred largely from clinical observations, including reports of transplantation of undetected (occult) cancer from organ donor into immunosuppressed recipients. Herein we use a mouse model of primary chemical carcinogenesis and demonstrate that equilibrium occurs, is mechanistically distinguishable from elimination and escape, and that neoplastic cells in equilibrium are transformed but proliferate poorly in vivo. We also show that tumour cells in equilibrium are unedited but become edited when they spontaneously escape immune control and grow into clinically apparent tumours. These results reveal that, in addition to destroying tumour cells and sculpting tumour immunogenicity, the immune system of a naive mouse can also restrain cancer growth for extended time periods. PMID: 18026089
Stereolithography 3D-Printed Catalytically Active Devices in Organic Synthesis (2020)

This article describes the synthesis of stereolithography (SLA) 3D-printed catalyst-impregnated devices and their evaluation in the organocatalyzed Friedel–Crafts alkylation of N–Me–indole with trans-β-nitrostyrene. Using a low-cost SLA 3D printer and freeware design software, different devices were designed and 3D-printed using a photopolymerizable resin containing a thiourea-based organocatalyst. The architectural control offered by the 3D-printing process allows a straightforward production of devices endowed with different shapes and surface areas, with high reproducibility. The 3D-printed organocatalytic materials promoted the formation of the desired product up to a 79% yield, although with longer reaction times compared to reactions under homogeneous conditions.
Multimetallic catalysts (2023)

A multimetallic catalyst having a substrate, intermediate layer and catalyst layer. The catalyst exhibits selectivity greater than 90% and a conversion rate of greater than 30%.
Protein E ofHaemophilus influenzaeIs a Ubiquitous Highly Conserved Adhesin (2009)

Protein E (PE) of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is involved in adhesion and activation of epithelial cells. A total of 186 clinical NTHi isolates, encapsulated H. influenzae, and culture collection strains were analyzed. PE was highly conserved in both NTHi and encapsulated H. influenzae (96.9%-100% identity without the signal peptide). PE also existed in other members of the genus Pasteurellaceae. The epithelial cell binding region (amino acids 84-108) was completely conserved. Phylogenetic analysis of the pe sequence separated Haemophilus species into 2 separate clusters. Importantly, PE was expressed in 98.4% of all NTHi (126 isolates) independently of the growth phase.
The Logbook, A Publication of the Wayne E. Meyer Institute of Systems Engineering / November 2003 (2003)

www.nps.navy.mil/meyerinstitute Email:MeyerInst@nps.navy.mil Phone:(831) 656-7847 Fax:(831) 656-2336 Naval Postgraduate School, 777 Dyer Rd., Mail Code 97, Monterey, CA
Model Systems for Flavoenzyme Activity:  Interplay of Hydrogen Bonding and Aromatic Stacking in Cofactor Redox Modulation (2004)

[structure: see text] A model system has been developed to study the synergy between aromatic stacking and hydrogen bonding in the binding of a flavin derivative. The results show that the identity of both the hydrogen bonding and pi-stacking units strongly determine the overall receptor affinity for flavin in both the oxidized and radical anion forms.
Amino Substituted Analogues of 1‐Phenyl‐3‐phenylimino‐2‐indolones with Potent Galanin GaI3 Receptor Binding Affinity and Improved Solubility. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Advanced Design Techniques for Integrated Voltage Controlled LC Oscillators (2007)

This paper reviews basic trade-offs in oscillator performance specifications. The better understanding of phase noise mechanisms as well as the availability of reliable phase noise simulation tools has led to significant improvements in the power-noise trade-off in recent years. It has further enabled the invention of oscillator topologies which exhibit lower device noise to phase noise conversion, and in this paper pulsed biasing and its implementation through tail-current shaping is described as an example. Area reduction of LC oscillators is further investigated as the large size of oscillators' on-chip LC tank circuits is becoming a significant problem in deeply scaled SOC designs which often require multiple on-chip oscillators.
Coenzyme-Amino Acid Chimeras: New Residues for the Assembly of Functional Proteins (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCoenzyme-Amino Acid Chimeras: New Residues for the Assembly of Functional ProteinsBarbara Imperiali and Ranabir Sinha RoyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 26, 12083–12084Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00105a071https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00105a071research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views184Altmetric-Citations42LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Amyloid-β Plaques in Mice (2012)

Transgenic mice are used increasingly to model brain amyloidosis, mimicking the pathogenic processes involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this chapter, an in vivo strategy is described that has been successfully used to map amyloid-β deposits in transgenic mouse models of AD with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), utilizing both the endogenous contrast induced by the plaques attributed to their iron content and by selectively enhancing the signal from amyloid-β plaques using molecular-targeting vectors labeled with MRI contrast agents. To obtain sufficient spatial resolution for effective and sensitive mouse brain imaging, magnetic fields of 7-Tesla (T) or more are required. These are higher than the 1.5-T field strength routinely used for human brain imaging. The higher magnetic fields affect contrast agent efficiency and dictate the choice of pulse sequence parameters for in vivo MRI, all addressed in this chapter. Two-dimensional (2D) multi-slice and three-dimensional (3D) MRI acquisitions are described and their advantages and limitations are discussed. The experimental setup required for mouse brain imaging is explained in detail, including anesthesia, immobilization of the mouse's head to reduce motion artifacts, and anatomical landmarks to use for the slice alignment procedure to improve image co-registration during longitudinal studies and for subsequent matching of MRI with histology.
Table S4 from The Lipogenic Regulator SREBP2 Induces Transferrin in Circulating Melanoma Cells and Suppresses Ferroptosis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Table S4&lt;/p&gt;
Effect of Inflammatory Mediators on the Electrophysiology of the Human Oviduct1 (1999)

The effects of histamine and other inflammatory mediators on the electrophysiology and intracellular free calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)) of human oviductal epithelial cells, grown as a polarized layer in primary culture, were studied. Transepithelial potential difference (PD) and short-circuit current (I(scc)) were recorded using a modified Ussing chamber. Resistance (R) was calculated from the measurements of PD and I(scc). Basally applied histamine produced transient increases in PD and I(scc) with a small decrease in R. The histamine effect was reduced by triprolidine (H(1) receptor antagonist) but was unaffected by H(2) (ranitidine) or H(3) (thioperamide) receptor antagonists. Blockers of Na(+), K(+), or Na(+)/K(+)/2Cl(-) channels did not affect histamine action. Blockers of Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) channels or Ca(2+) channels reduced the histamine effect. Platelet activating factor (PAF), applied apically, increased PD and I(scc). Histamine produced a transient increase in fluorescence of Fura 2-AM dye, indicating an increase in [Ca(2+)](i). Triprolidine pretreatment inhibited histamine-stimulated [Ca(2+)](i) increase. Cimetidine, (H(2) receptor antagonist), ranitidine, or thioperamide reduced the histamine effect. Histamine increased contractions of both circular and longitudinal smooth muscles in oviduct segments, an effect that was antagonized by triprolidine or thioperamide but not by ranitidine. Histamine's action on Ca(2+) and Cl(-) movements may adversely affect oviductal fluid production and decrease fertility. PAF's effects on Cl(-) movements may be important for normal embryo transport.
Preface (2012)

This collection resulted from an international workshop funded and organised by Biosecurity Australia, the agency of government responsible for analysing Australia's quarantine import risks and for negotiating multilateral SPS rules and less restrictive access to overseas markets for Australian produce. The workshop, which was held at the Melbourne Business School on 24-25 October 2000, brought together a distinguished group of applied economists and quarantine policy analysts whose focus involves regions as disparate as Europe, North America, Africa, Asia and New Zealand, in addition to Australia.
Effects of socket size on metrics of socket fit in trans-tibial prosthesis users (2017)

The purpose of this research was to conduct a preliminary effort to identify quantitative metrics to distinguish a good socket from an oversized socket in people with trans-tibial amputation. Results could be used to inform clinical practices related to socket replacement. A cross-over study was conducted on community ambulators (K-level 3 or 4) with good residual limb sensation. Participants were each provided with two sockets, a duplicate of their as-prescribed socket and a modified socket that was enlarged or reduced by 1.8mm (∼6% of the socket volume) based on the fit quality of the as-prescribed socket. The two sockets were termed a larger socket and a smaller socket. Activity was monitored while participants wore each socket for 4 weeks. Participants' gait; self-reported satisfaction, quality of fit, and performance; socket comfort; and morning-to-afternoon limb fluid volume changes were assessed. Visual analysis of plots and estimated effect sizes (measured as mean difference divided by standard deviation) showed largest effects for step time asymmetry, step width asymmetry, anterior and anterior-distal morning-to-afternoon fluid volume change, socket comfort score, and self-reported utility. These variables may be viable metrics for early detection of deterioration in socket fit, and should be tested in a larger clinical study.
Dual-diode quantum-well modulator for C-band wavelength conversion and broadcasting (2004)

We present a dual-diode, InGaAsP/InP quantum-well modulator that incorporates a monolithically-integrated, InGaAs photodiode as a part of its on-chip, InP optoelectronic circuit. We theoretically show that such a dual-diode modulator allows for wavelength conversion with 10-dB RF-extinction ratio using 7 mW absorbed optical power at 10 Gb/s. We experimentally demonstrate unlimited wavelength conversion across 45 nm between 1525 nm and 1570 nm, and dual-wavelength broadcasting over 20 nm between 1530 nm and 1565 nm, spanning the entire C-band with >10dB RF-extinction ratio and using 3.1-6.7 mW absorbed optical power at 1.25 Gb/s.
Electron-lattice interactions in nickel-oxide perovskites (1999)

The AMO3 perovskites containing a first-row transition-metal atom M allow study of the cross-over from localized to itinerant electronic behavior in a single-valent MO3 array dominated by (180°-φ) M-O-M interactions. The LnNiO3 perovskites with Ln a lanthanide have one electron per low-spin Ni(III) in a narrow σ band that approaches cross-over from the itinerant-electron side. Transport measurements are reported that add to the mounting evidence for a heterogeneous electronic transition in the perovskites rather than the homogeneous transition assumed in conventional treatments of the Mott-Hubbard transition.
Confidence and Prediction Intervals for Pharmacometric Models (2018)

Supporting decision making in drug development is a key purpose of pharmacometric models. Pharmacokinetic models predict exposures under alternative posologies or in different populations. Pharmacodynamic models predict drug effects based on exposure to drug, disease, or other patient characteristics. Estimation uncertainty is commonly reported for model parameters; however, prediction uncertainty is the key quantity for clinical decision making. This tutorial reviews confidence and prediction intervals with associated calculation methods, encouraging pharmacometricians to report these routinely.
Detection of emergent behavior for internet filtering systems (2012)

Network filtering has become an important security issue worldwide. Network filters are designed and put in place to enforce restrictions for a variety of different motives, such as political, social, economical or merely security reasons. Although network filters can be applied to different networks, their main use is for the Internet. However, as is the case with most network security measures, many network filters are bypassed by users and thus are not completely adequate to perform their tasks. This paper approaches the network filtering concepts from a software engineering perspective. The general purpose of this approach is to utilize automated methodologies to analyze the correctness of the requirements of the filtering mechanisms, and to reduce their vulnerability. In order to achieve this, requirements are expressed using scenario-based specifications. The resulting scenarios are then analyzed for unwanted behavior using automated methodology. To demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach, it is applied to the case study of a real-life Internet-filtering system.
Sex Difference in the Kinetics of Triglyceride Metabolism in Normal and Hypertriglyceridaemic Human Subjects (1974)

Abstract. Several years ago we demonstrated in man that increasing plasma very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) triglyceride (TG) concentrations were associated with increasing VLDL‐TG production rates, and that this relationship described a rectangular hyperbola which could be characterized in terms of enzyme kinetics. Utilizing this approach Nikkilä and Kekki confirmed these observations in a large group of normal subjects. Moreover, after analyzing the Km and Vmax values of their subjects they noted a striking and important sex difference: females were found to have significantly lower Km values than men, whereas the Vmax values for the two groups were the same. This indicates that for a given VLDL‐TG production rate, females will have lower plasma TG concentrations. We have now studied 53 subjects with widely varying plasma TG concentrations, and have been able to detect a similar sex difference in subjects with hypertriglyceridaemia. Furthermore, we have noted a highly significant direct relationship between TG concentration and production in both sexes, and have found no relationship between an individual's Km value and his coexisting plasma TG level. These results allow us to conclude that: 1) the sex difference in TG kinetics which Nikkilä and Kekki originally note in normals can now be extended to include hypertriglyceridaemic subjects, and 2) in general, overproduction, and not underutilization, is the initiating event in most cases of hypertriglyceridaemia.
Gap junction communication modulates [Ca2+]i oscillations and enzyme secretion in pancreatic acini. (1993)

Global (all cells in an acinus) and focal (1-2 out of 10-15 cells) stimulation of pancreatic acini with bombesin or t-butyloxycarbonyl-Tyr(SO3)-Nle-Gly-Tyr-Asp-2-phenylethyl ester (CCKJ) together with modulation of gap junction (GJ) permeability by octanol and NO2- was used to study the role of GJ permeability in controlling [Ca2+]i oscillations and enzyme secretion. GJ permeability was quantitated by measuring fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. Octanol at 0.5 mM markedly reduced, whereas 15 mM NO2- increased GJ permeability. Focal application of bombesin caused synchronized oscillations in the entire acinus, whereas global stimulation resulted in asynchronous oscillations. Increasing GJ permeability with NO2- had no effect on bombesin-evoked [Ca2+]i oscillations. Octanol inhibited ongoing oscillations evoked by focal or global bombesin stimulation. However, when GJ were blocked prior to stimulation, subsequent global stimulation with bombesin induced long-lasting oscillations in all cells. Re-establishing GJ communication for as little as 37.5 s conferred GJ dependence on the order and time of [Ca2+]i spiking evoked by global bombesin stimulation. Focal and global stimulation with CCKJ gave different patterns of [Ca2+]i oscillations. However, in contrast to bombesin, inhibition of GJ with octanol had no effect on oscillations induced by global CCKJ stimulation. Increasing GJ permeability with NO2- synchronized CCKJ-stimulated oscillations by equalizing the amplitude and increasing the frequency in all cells within an acinus. These observations suggest that amplitude and frequency of [Ca2+]i oscillations can be regulated independently of each other, and that GJ permeable molecules modulate the frequency of [Ca2]i oscillation in an agonist-specific manner. Regardless of the agonist, increasing the frequency of oscillations by modulation of GJ permeability correlated with an increased enzyme secretion.
Corrigendum to the paper ‘Linear Time Varying Model Predictive Control and its Application to Active Steering Systems: Stability Analysis and Experimental Validation’ (International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control 2008; 18(8):862–875) (2011)

Abstract This note is a corrigendum of the paper ‘Linear Time Varying Model Predictive Control and its Application to Active Steering Systems: Stability Analysis and Experimental Validation’, published on the volume 18, issue 8, pages 862–875 of the International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control in 2008. Next we point out a technical error in the proof of Lemma 2 of the paper, and provide the corrected version of the lemma. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
A Uniform Residence Time Flow Cell for the Microreactor-Assisted Solution Deposition of CdS on an FTO-Glass Substrate (2012)

Photovoltaic cells have long been a desirable alternative to the consumption of fossil fuels, but current manufacturing practices suffer from poor energy efficiency, large carbon footprints, low material utilization, and high processing temperatures. A critical step in production of thin film CdTe and CuInSe2 solar cells is the chemical bath deposition of a CdS thin film to serve as a “buffer layer” between the optically absorbent layer and the transparent conducting oxide. In prior work, functional CdS films were demonstrated at low temperature using a continuous flow, microreactor-assisted deposition process showing good selectivity of heterogeneous surface reactions over homogeneous bulk precipitation. In this paper, we develop a flow cell for implementing a uniform CdS film over a 152 mm substrate. Analytical models are coupled with computational fluid dynamic simulations to design a flow cell with more uniform flow fields. Experimental results demonstrate a 12% coefficient of variance for a 21.5 nm thick film.
Emergence of a C15 Laves Phase in Diblock Polymer/Homopolymer Blends (2020)

The observation of complex, Frank-Kasper (FK) particle packings in diblock polymer melts has until recently been limited to low molecular weight, conformationally asymmetric polymers. We report temperature-dependent small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) studies of blends of a sphere-forming poly(styrene-<i>block</i>-1,4-butadiene) (SB) diblock polymer (<i>M</i><sub>n</sub> = 33.3 kg/mol, <i>Đ</i> = <i>M</i><sub>w</sub>/<i>M</i><sub>n</sub> = 1.08, <i>f</i><sub>B</sub> = 0.18) with two different poly(1,4-butadiene) (B) homopolymer additives. When the B additive <i>M</i><sub>n</sub> is the same as that of the diblock core-forming B segment, these blends remarkably form tetrahedrally close-packed FK σ and Laves C14 and C15 phases with increasing B content. However, binary blends in which the B additive <i>M</i><sub>n</sub> is 60% of that of the diblock B segment form only the canonical body-centered cubic (BCC) particle packing and hexagonally-packed cylinders (HEXc). The observed phase behavior is rationalized in terms of "wet" and "dry" brush blending, whereby higher B <i>M</i><sub>n</sub> drives stronger localization of the homopolymer in the particle cores while preserving the interfacial area per SB diblock chain. The consequent packing constraints in these blends destabilize the BCC packing, and FK phases emerge as optimal minimal surface solutions to filling space at constant density while maximizing local particle sphericity.