gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The association between let-7, RAS and HIF-1α in Ewing Sarcoma tumor growth (2015)

Ewing Sarcoma (ES) is the second most common primary malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents. microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in cancer as tumor suppressors or oncogenes. We studied the involvement of miRNAs located on chromosomes 11q and 22q that participate in the most common translocation in ES. Of these, we focused on 3 that belong to the let-7 family.We studied the expression levels of let-7a, and let-7b and detected a significant correlation between low expression of let-7b and increased risk of relapse. let-7 is known to be a negative regulator of the RAS oncogene. Indeed, we detected an inverse association between the expression of let-7 and RAS protein levels and its downstream target p-ERK, following transfection of let-7 mimics and inhibitors. Furthermore, we identified let-7 as a negative regulator of HIF-1α and EWS-FLI-1. Moreover, we were able to show that HIF-1α directly binds to the EWS-FLI-1 promoter. Salirasib treatment in-vitro resulted in the reduction of cell viability, migration ability, and in the decrease of cells in S-phase. A significant reduction in tumor burden and in the expression levels of both HIF-1α and EWS-FLI-1 proteins were observed in mice after treatment.Our results support the hypothesis that let-7 is a tumor suppressor that negatively regulates RAS, also in ES, and that HIF-1α may contribute to the aggressive metastatic behavior of ES. Moreover, the reduction in the tumor burden in a mouse model of ES following Salirasib treatment, suggests therapeutic potential for this RAS inhibitor in ES.
Depot (2016)

This Glossary of Terms Related to Pharmaceutics is needed by practitioners in the field of pharmaceutics as this field fulfills an important and crucial role, different from the roles of other scientific disciplines involved in the drugmaking process. The glossary contains 168 definitions used in pharmaceutics. These are related to various aspects of this discipline, such as: (1) physicochemical characterization of pharmaceutical preparations and the active ingredients they contain; (2) unit operations used in the practice of pharmaceutics; (3) terms related to the various dosage forms; (4) terms related to the various modes and routes of drug delivery; (5) terms used in pharmacokinetics and biopharmaceutics in general; and additional miscellaneous terms. The field of pharmaceutics itself is of a multidisciplinary nature as its practitioners come from a variety of disciplines, such as chemistry or various biological sciences, thus a glossary containing authoritative definitions would be useful for them. The terms used in pharmaceutics are rarely covered by existing glossaries, and in the cases they are, their definitions are often inappropriate for the field of pharmaceutics and require new or modified definitions to better fit the new context.
Cytogenetic and molecular aberrations and worse outcome for male patients in systemic mastocytosis (2020)

In systemic mastocytosis (SM), the clinical features and survival vary greatly. Patient-related factors determining the outcome in SM are largely unknown. <b>Methods:</b> We examined the impact of sex on the clinical features, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) in 3403 patients with mastocytosis collected in the registry of the European Competence Network on Mastocytosis (ECNM). The impact of cytogenetic and molecular genetic aberrations on sex differences was analyzed in a subset of patients. <b>Results:</b> Of all patients enrolled, 55.3% were females. However, a male predominance was found in a subset of advanced SM (AdvSM) patients, namely SM with an associated hematologic neoplasm (SM-AHN, 70%; <i>p <</i> 0.001). Correspondingly, organomegaly (male: 23% <i>vs.</i> female: 13%, <i>p =</i> 0.007) was more, whereas skin involvement (male: 71% <i>vs.</i> female: 86%, <i>p =</i> 0.001) was less frequent in males. In all patients together, OS (<i>p <</i> 0.0001) was significantly inferior in males, and also within the WHO sub-categories indolent SM, aggressive SM (ASM) and SM-AHN. PFS was significantly (<i>p =</i> 0.0002) worse in males when all patients were grouped together; due to low numbers of events, this significance persisted only in the subcategory smoldering SM. Finally, prognostically relevant cytogenetic abnormalities (10% <i>vs.</i> 5%, <i>p =</i> 0.006) or molecular aberrations (<i>SRSF2</i>/<i>ASXL1</i>/<i>RUNX1</i> profile; 63% <i>vs.</i> 40%, <i>p =</i> 0.003) were more frequently present in males. <b>Conclusions:</b> Male sex has a major impact on clinical features, disease progression, and survival in mastocytosis. Male patients have an inferior survival, which seems related to the fact that they more frequently develop a multi-mutated AdvSM associated with a high-risk molecular background.
P‐13: Photosensitivity of Amorphous IGZO TFTs for Active‐Matrix Flat‐Panel Displays (2008)

Abstract We studied the optical and electrical properties of the amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide thin‐film transistors (a‐IGZO TFTs). To develop a‐IGZO density‐of‐states model, intrinsic a‐IGZO optical properties such as optical band gap and Urbach energy, and TFT characteristics under illumination are investigated. During the a‐IGZO TFTs illumination with the wavelengths ranging from 460 to 660 nm, the off‐state drain current only slightly increases while a large increase was observed for the wavelength below 400 nm. Threshold voltage and subthreshold swing are also only slightly modified between 460 to 660 nm, while field‐effect mobility is almost unchanged in the investigated photon energy range. The observed results are consistent with the a‐IGZO optical energy band gap of about 3.05 eV. This study suggest that the a‐IGZO TFTs are light sensitive above 3.0 eV and photogenerated electrons are more mobile than holes within device channel region.
Experience and new trends in MMIC's for space programmes (2002)

In the past twenty years a considerable amount of work has been done on microwave circuit integration, mainly using GaAs material. MMIC's were finally introduced to the space-borne equipment in the early 90s. They are now clearly unavoidable and many systems are presently in operation with GaAs chips on board. Now, with the maturity of MMIC, everyone agrees that packaging is the key issue. Micro-packages favored the penetration of MMIC space systems. They brought modularity and testability staying hermetic that were necessary for assessing their ability to respect space constraints.
Additional file 1: Table S1. of Chloroplast genomes: diversity, evolution, and applications in genetic engineering (2016)

The chloroplast genes which are absent in specific species, their knock out phenotypes and transfer to nuclear genomes. (DOCX 23 kb)
A DNA-Based Method for Rationally Assembling Nanoparticles into Macroscopic Materials* (2020)

This chapter describes a method for assembling colloidal gold nanoparticles rationally and reversibly into macroscopic aggregates. The method involves attaching to the surfaces of two batches of 13-nm gold particles non-complementary DNA oligonucleotides capped with thiol groups, which bind to gold. One of the most successful approaches to date has involved the use of gold colloids and well established thiol adsorption chemistry. Oligonucleotide-based method allows the controlled and reversible assembly of gold nanoparticles into supramolecular structures. Oligonucleotides offer several advantages over non-biological-based linker molecules. An advantage of the DNA/colloid hybrid materials reported herein is that the assemblies can be characterized easily by transmission electron microscopy and/or atomic force microscopy as well as spectroscopic methods conventionally used with DNA. A beneficial consequence of capping the colloids with these oligonucleotides is that they are much more stable than bare gold colloids to increased salt concentration and temperature.
Robust text-independent speaker identification over telephone channels (1999)

This paper addresses the issue of closed-set text-independent speaker identification from samples of speech recorded over the telephone. It focuses on the effects of acoustic mismatches between training and testing data, and concentrates on two approaches: (1) extracting features that are robust against channel variations and (2) transforming the speaker models to compensate for channel effects. First, an experimental study shows that optimizing the front end processing of the speech signal can significantly improve speaker recognition performance. A new filterbank design is introduced to improve the robustness of the speech spectrum computation in the front-end unit. Next, a new feature based on spectral slopes is described. Its ability to discriminate between speakers is shown to be superior to that of the traditional cepstrum. This feature can be used alone or combined with the cepstrum. The second part of the paper presents two model transformation methods that further reduce channel effects. These methods make use of a locally collected stereo database to estimate a speaker-independent variance transformation for each speech feature used by the classifier. The transformations constructed on this stereo database can then be applied to speaker models derived from other databases. Combined, the methods developed in this paper resulted in a 38% relative improvement on the closed-set 30-s training 5-s testing condition of the NIST'95 Evaluation task, after cepstral mean removal.
Rethinking the role of hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of COVID‐19 (2020)

Abstract There are currently no proven or approved treatments for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). Early anecdotal reports and limited in vitro data led to the significant uptake of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), and to lesser extent chloroquine (CQ), for many patients with this disease. As an increasing number of patients with COVID‐19 are treated with these agents and more evidence accumulates, there continues to be no high‐quality clinical data showing a clear benefit of these agents for this disease. Moreover, these agents have the potential to cause harm, including a broad range of adverse events including serious cardiac side effects when combined with other agents. In addition, the known and potent immunomodulatory effects of these agents which support their use in the treatment of auto‐immune conditions, and provided a component in the original rationale for their use in patients with COVID‐19, may, in fact, undermine their utility in the context of the treatment of this respiratory viral infection. Specifically, the impact of HCQ on cytokine production and suppression of antigen presentation may have immunologic consequences that hamper innate and adaptive antiviral immune responses for patients with COVID‐19. Similarly, the reported in vitro inhibition of viral proliferation is largely derived from the blockade of viral fusion that initiates infection rather than the direct inhibition of viral replication as seen with nucleoside/tide analogs in other viral infections. Given these facts and the growing uncertainty about these agents for the treatment of COVID‐19, it is clear that at the very least thoughtful planning and data collection from randomized clinical trials are needed to understand what if any role these agents may have in this disease. In this article, we review the datasets that support or detract from the use of these agents for the treatment of COVID‐19 and render a data informed opinion that they should only be used with caution and in the context of carefully thought out clinical trials, or on a case‐by‐case basis after rigorous consideration of the risks and benefits of this therapeutic approach.
A chromosomal region 7p11.2 transcript map: Its development and application to the study of EGFR amplicons in glioblastoma (2002)

Cumulative information available about the organization of amplified chromosomal regions in human tumors suggests that the amplification repeat units, or amplicons, can be of a simple or complex nature. For the former, amplified regions generally retain their native chromosomal configuration and involve a single amplification target sequence. For complex amplicons, amplified DNAs usually undergo substantial reorganization relative to the normal chromosomal regions from which they evolve, and the regions subject to amplification may contain multiple target sequences. Previous efforts to characterize the 7p11.2 epidermal growth factor receptor ) amplicon in glioblastoma have relied primarily on the use of markers positioned by linkage analysis and/or radiation hybrid mapping, both of which are known to have the potential for being inaccurate when attempting to order loci over relatively short (<1 Mb) chromosomal regions. Due to the limited resolution of genetic maps that have been established through the use of these approaches, we have constructed a 2-Mb bacterial and P1-derived artificial chromosome (BAC-PAC) contig for the EGFR region and have applied markers positioned on its associated physical map to the analysis of 7p11.2 amplifications in a series of glioblastomas. Our data indicate that EGFR is the sole amplification target within the mapped region, although there are several additional 7p11.2 genes that can be coamplified and overexpressed with EGFR. Furthermore, these results are consistent with EGFR amplicons retaining the same organization as the native chromosome 7p11.2 region from which they are derived.
Methods and systems for the formation of cyclic carbonates (2023)

Described herein are inventive methods for synthesis of cyclic carbonates from CO.sub.2 and epoxide. In some embodiments, the methods are carried out in the presence of a catalyst comprising an electrophilic halogen. In some embodiments, the methods are carried out in a flow reactor.
ChemInform Abstract: Mild and General Zinc‐Alkoxide‐Catalyzed Allylations of Ketones with Allyl Pinacol Boronates. (2010)

Abstract The method utilizes low catalyst loadings with very short reaction times.
Renal Mass and Localized Renal Cancer: Evaluation, Management, and Follow-up: AUA Guideline: Part II (2021)

AS is a potential management strategy for some patients with clinically-localized renal masses that requires careful risk-assessment, shared decision-making and periodic-reassessment. Follow-up after intervention is designed to identify local/systemic recurrences and potential treatment-related sequelae. A risk-based approach should be prioritized with selective use of laboratory/imaging resources.
Total Hip Arthroplasty with Use of the Metasul Metal-on-Metal Articulation (2000)

Our four to seven-year experience with this articulation surface indicates that the clinical results are similar to those of total hip replacements with a metal-on-polyethylene articulation. We believe that the Metasul articulation may have a role in reducing the wear that occurs with total hip replacement. The Metasul articulation appears to be particularly indicated for more active patients. A historical comparison with the reports in the literature of which we are aware indicated that the hips in our study had a lower rate of acetabular revision and loosening than did those with previous metal-on-metal designs and that they had no more acetabular loosening or osteolysis than did those with metal-on-polyethylene articulations followed for an average of five years.
Acylic Sugar Derivatives for GC/MS Analysis of 13C-Enrichment during Carbohydrate Metabolism (2004)

Metabolic profiling with stable-isotope tracers in combination with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) is a well-established technique for measuring substrate redistribution within metabolic pathways. This analysis relies on the ability to localize and quantify the fractional incorporation of 13C isotope into each carbon atom of precursor-derived metabolites. In this paper, several carbohydrate derivatization procedures (peracetylation, deuterioalditol acetates, and aldononitrile acetates) are evaluated for the positional isotopic information obtained by gas chromatography/electron impact mass spectrometry (GC/EI-MS). These derivatives have been compared for the quantitative evaluation of 13C distribution into isotopomers of 13C-labeled aldoses and ketoses, and the fragmentation pathways for 15 hexoses, pentoses, and amino sugars of biological origin have been assessed. In addition, a new type of carbohydrate derivative (dialkyldithioacetal acetates) has been developed for GC/MS that retains the charge on the anomeric carbon of the original monosaccharide. Electron impact ionization of these derivatives generates well-resolved base peaks arising from C1-C2 bond cleavage with charge retention at the C1 thiol groups. The dialkyldithioacetal acetates are uniquely well suited for measuring isotopic enrichment into the characteristic anomeric carbon of aldose sugars and will facilitate the global analysis of metabolic flux in carbohydrate pathways.
Bioreactor Expansion of Human Bone Marrow: Comparison of Unprocessed, Density-Separated, and CD34-Enriched Cells (1995)

Scale-up of human hematopoietic cultures was previously described in continuously perfused systems with bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNC), yielding expansion of both progenitors and long-term culture-initiating cells (LTC-IC). We report here on the use of these systems for expansion of unprocessed whole BM cells (WBMC) and CD34-enriched cells. Density separation recovered 84% of CFU-GM and 65% of LTC-IC from WBMC. Subsequent CD34 selection recovered 17% of CFU-GM and 48% of LTC-IC from the MNC fraction. The unabsorbed (CD34-depleted) fraction contained 37% of CFU-GM and 38% of LTC-IC, accounting for most of the lost cells. WBMC, BMMNC, and CD34-depleted cells were each placed directly in bioreactors, whereas CD34-enriched cells were placed in bioreactors containing preformed irradiated stroma. After 14 days, an average of 3.82 x 10(7) (12.7-fold expansion), 3.54 x 10(7) (11.8-fold), 2.85 x 10(7) (9.5-fold), and 3.65 x 10(7) (1298-fold) total cells were obtained from bioreactors inoculated with WBMC, BMMNC, CD34-depleted, and CD34-enriched cells on stroma, respectively. These cultures yielded 1.64 x 10(5) (27.9-fold expansion), 1.69 x 10(5) (14.3-fold), 8.36 x 10(4) (13.0-fold), and 1.91 x 10(5) (41.4-fold) CFU-GM each, respectively. Cell recovery and expansion data were combined to determine the number of expanded CFU-GM obtained per ml of BM aspirate, allowing direct comparison of performance between the four culture inocula. WBMC generated 3.76 x 10(6) CFU-GM per ml BM aspirate, whereas MNC resulted in 1.42 x 10(6) CFU-GM. CD34-enriched cells (on irradiated stroma) gave 7.00 x 10(5) CFU-GM per ml BM aspirate, whereas CD34-depleted cells generated 4.97 x 10(5) CFU-GM. The high productivity from WBMC cultures was studied further and was found to be reproducible at different inoculum densities. WBMC cultures had elevated levels of endogenous EGF and PDGF production, which may have been responsible for the more extensive stromal development observed. Flow cytometric analysis showed that the final culture composition, with respect to T and B lymphocytes, monocytes, granulocytes, and erythrocytes, was not significantly affected by the inoculum composition and in all cases was comprised of multiple lineages. Therefore, each step in cell purification resulted in the loss of primitive and accessory cells, which in turn resulted in a net decrease in the number of expanded cells obtained per ml BM aspirate.
Numerical analysis of excimer-laser-induced melting and solidification of thin Si films (1997)

We have developed an efficient two-dimensional numerical model, based on the finite difference method and utilizing the alternate-direction explicit scheme, that can simulate excimer laser melting and solidification of thin Si films on SiO2. The model takes into account important aspects of the process such as undercooling and the temperature-dependent velocity of the solidifying interface, supercooling of liquid Si, and the inert nature of the underlying oxide interface. We demonstrate the unique capability of the model by simulating spatially confined beam-induced localized complete melting of the irradiated portion of the film, and the ensuing lateral solidification, which initiates from the unmelted regions of the film into the completely molten area.
A Landmark in Electrical Performance of IGBT Modules Utilizing Next Generation Chip Technologies (2006)

The aim of this work is to demonstrate that future high power IGBT modules will be capable of providing electrical performance not matched to date in terms of low losses, soft turn-off characteristics, square RBSOA, and full over-current and over-voltage self-protection mechanisms under fault conditions. First ever prototype modules were fabricated incorporating heavily paralleled 3300V chips employing the next generation enhanced-planar IGBT (EP-IGBT) technology and the field charge extraction diode (FCE) concept. In this paper, we show that the two technologies will provide the module with outstanding characteristics, therefore promising higher levels of performance in tomorrow's applications. In addition, we present a set of results where two 3300V IGBT modules were tested in parallel under extreme RBSOA conditions with a forced temperature difference of up to 100 degC. The modules were capable of turning off 6000A at a DC-link voltage of 2600V in spite of the temperature induced current mismatch and associated redistribution mechanisms
Protective role of CCR5 in Concanavlin A-induced hepatitis in mice (2005)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
The prevalence of atopic diseases and the patterns of sensitization in adolescence (2016)

The prevalence of rhinoconjunctivitis was high in adolescence. Children with rhinoconjunctivitis with and without comorbidities were frequently sensitized. Children with asthma without concomitant allergic rhinoconjunctivitis were rarely sensitized.
A Single-Frequency, 2-cm, Yb-doped Silica Fiber Laser (2006)

A single-frequency, 2-cm, ytterbium-doped silica fiber laser has been demonstrated with an output power of 35 mW and side-mode suppression ratio greater than 25 dB. The optical signal-to-noise ratio is greater than 65 dB.
ChemInform Abstract: Regiospecific α‐Alkylation of 4‐Chloro(bromo)pyridine. (1986)

Abstract Aus den 4‐Chlor‐pyridinium‐Salzen (I) sowie den aus (V) erhaltenen 4‐Brom‐Analogen werden mit Grignard‐Verbindungen (II) über (III) bzw. (VI I) durch oxidative Spaltung die 2‐substituierten 4‐Halogen‐pyridine (IV) bzw. (VIII) in mittleren bis guten Ausbeuten erhalten.
Distributed power system for microsatellites (2005)

The Aerospace Corporation has independently developed a distributed "ring bus" electric power system for picosatellites. This distributed power system architecture is being implemented on a number of upcoming picosatellite missions. The first implementation of this architecture will be flown on the PowerSphere Flight Experiment and the Pico Satellite Inflatable Reflector Experiment (PSIREX). To date all of the picosatellite missions do not have attitude control or deployable solar array structures. Solar cells are body mounted on the various sides of the picosatellite. The "ring bus" architecture was conceived to solve the problem of obtaining the maximum amount of electric power from a solar array, that has multiple panels, that are not arranged on a single planar surface. Aerospace Corporation researchers working on developing viable power systems for picosatellites were awarded patents 6,127,621 October 2, 2000 "Power Sphere" and 6396167 B1 May 28, 2002 "Power Distribution System" for this unique solution for distributed power system architecture for a multifaceted solar array. The authors have developed a prototype of the ring bus and have completed initial testing of its performance.