gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
HIV-1 Tat causes cognitive deficits and selective loss of parvalbumin, somatostatin, and neuronal nitric oxide synthase expressing hippocampal CA1 interneuron subpopulations (2020)

Memory deficits are characteristic of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) and co-occur with hippocampal pathology. The HIV-1 transactivator of transcription (Tat), a regulatory protein, plays a significant role in these events, but the cellular mechanisms involved are poorly understood. Within the hippocampus, diverse populations of interneurons form complex networks; even subtle disruptions can drastically alter synaptic output, resulting in behavioral dysfunction. We hypothesized that HIV-1 Tat would impair cognitive behavior and injure specific hippocampal interneuron subtypes. Male transgenic mice that inducibly expressed HIV-1 Tat (or non-expressing controls) were assessed for cognitive behavior or had hippocampal CA1 subregions evaluated via interneuron subpopulation markers. Tat exposure decreased spatial memory in a Barnes maze and mnemonic performance in a novel object recognition test. Tat reduced the percentage of neurons expressing neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) without neuropeptide Y immunoreactivity in the stratum pyramidale and the stratum radiatum, parvalbumin in the stratum pyramidale, and somatostatin in the stratum oriens, which are consistent with reductions in interneuron-specific interneuron type 3 (IS3), bistratified, and oriens-lacunosum-moleculare interneurons, respectively. The findings reveal that an interconnected ensemble of CA1 nNOS-expressing interneurons, the IS3 cells, as well as subpopulations of parvalbumin- and somatostatin-expressing interneurons are preferentially vulnerable to HIV-1 Tat. Importantly, the susceptible interneurons form a microcircuit thought to be involved in feedback inhibition of CA1 pyramidal cells and gating of CA1 pyramidal cell inputs. The identification of vulnerable CA1 hippocampal interneurons may provide novel insight into the basic mechanisms underlying key functional and neurobehavioral deficits associated with HAND.
Prognostic value of hypoxia-regulated gene expression in loco-regional gastroesophageal cancer (2015)

Hypoxia is a common feature of the microenvironment of solid tumors and the presence of hypoxic domains are associated with tumor aggressiveness [1], insensitivity to radio- and chemotherapy, incre...
THE EFFECT OF ACTIVE LOADING ON TRANSLATION OF THE HUMERAL HEAD DURING GLENOHUMERAL ABDUCTION (2008)

This study was conducted to determine the effect of passive and active muscle loading on humeral head translation during glenohumeral abduction. A shoulder simulator produced unconstrained active glenohumeral abduction using several sets of loading ratios. Significantly greater translations occurred in passive motion as compared to active motion between 30 and 70 degrees of elevation in three dimensions and in the anterosuperior plane. No difference was found between the active motions. Also, translations of the humeral head decreased with active simulation of abduction emphasizing the importance of the rotator cuff muscles in creating and maintaining the ball-and-socket kinematics of the shoulder. This in-vitro study was conducted to determine the effect of passive and active loading on humeral head translation during glenohumeral abduction. Five cadaveric shoulders were tested using a shoulder simulator designed to produce unconstrained abduction of the humerus. Forces were applied to simulate loading of the supraspinatus, subscapularis, infraspinatus/teres minor, anterior, middle, and posterior deltoid muscles using four different sets of loading ratios. These were based on: equal loads to all cables (Constant-Constant); average physiological cross-sectional areas (pCSAs) of the muscles (pCSA); constant (Constant EMG), and variable (Variable EMG) values of the product of electromyographic data and pCSAs. In three dimensions, significantly greater translations occurred in passive motion as compared to active motion between 30 and 70 degrees of elevation (p It was clearly shown that the translations of the humeral head decreased with active simulation of abduction. These findings are in agreement with other in-vivo and in-vitro investigations. This emphasizes the importance of the rotator cuff muscles in creating and maintaining the ball-and-socket kinematics of the shoulder.
Learning Minimum Variance Unbiased Estimators (2022)

The Gauss-Markov theorem states that the weighted least squares estimator is a linear minimum variance unbiased estimation (MVUE) in linear models. In this paper, we take a first step towards extending this result to non-linear settings via deep learning with bias constraints. The classical approach to designing non-linear MVUEs is through maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) which often involves real-time computationally challenging optimizations. On the other hand, deep learning methods allow for non-linear estimators with fixed computational complexity. Learning based estimators perform optimally on average with respect to their training set but may suffer from significant bias in other parameters. To avoid this, we propose to add a simple bias constraint to the loss function, resulting in an estimator we refer to as Bias Constrained Estimator (BCE). We prove that this yields asymptotic MVUEs that behave similarly to the classical MLEs and asymptotically attain the Cramer Rao bound. We demonstrate the advantages of our approach in the context of signal to noise ratio estimation as well as covariance estimation.
Double Twist in Helical Polymer “Soft” Crystals (1999)

In natural and synthetic materials having non-racemic chiral centers, chirality and structural ordering each play a distinct role in the formation of ordered states. Configurational chirality can be extended to morphological chirality when the phase structures possess low liquid crystalline order. In the crystalline states the crystallization process suppresses the chiral helical morphology due to strong ordering interactions. In this Letter, we report the first observation of helical single lamellar crystals of synthetic non-racemic chiral polymers. Experimental evidence shows that the molecular chains twist along both the long and short axes of the helical lamellar crystals, which is the first time a double-twist molecular orientation in a helical crystal has been observed.
ChemInform Abstract: An Enantioselective Approach to the Taxanes: Direct Access to Functionalized cis‐Tricyclo(9.3.1.03,8)pentadecanes via α‐ Hydroxy Ketone and Wagner‐Meerwein Rearrangements. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Trial watch: dendritic cell vaccination for cancer immunotherapy (2019)

Dendritic- cells (DCs) have received considerable attention as potential targets for the development of anticancer vaccines. DC-based anticancer vaccination relies on patient-derived DCs pulsed with a source of tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) in the context of standardized maturation-cocktails, followed by their reinfusion. Extensive evidence has confirmed that DC-based vaccines can generate TAA-specific, cytotoxic T cells. Nonetheless, clinical efficacy of DC-based vaccines remains suboptimal, reflecting the widespread immunosuppression within tumors. Thus, clinical interest is being refocused on DC-based vaccines as combinatorial partners for T cell-targeting immunotherapies. Here, we summarize the most recent preclinical/clinical development of anticancer DC vaccination and discuss future perspectives for DC-based vaccines in immuno-oncology.
Supplementary Table 2 from IL26, a Noncanonical Mediator of DNA Inflammatory Stimulation, Promotes TNBC Engraftment and Progression in Association with Neutrophils (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Significant hits identified in CRISPR screen&lt;/p&gt;
Basic study on rehabilitation training system using ER actuators (2003)

Robot and virtual reality technologies may be applied to rehabilitation training so that fewer human therapists are needed, training can be quantitatively evaluated for effectiveness, and training can be more enjoyable to patients. A training system to assist in rehabilitation can use robot or other virtual reality technologies, but it must be far safer than an ordinary industrial robot system. The authors have been studying actuators which are safe and easy to control, and have developed force display systems using such actuators. As an application of force display technology, they have developed a rehabilitation training system using ER actuators. The authors have also developed a computer program for the system which evaluates the physical capability of the upper limbs of patients and assists in their rehabilitation training. This paper is a summary of the basic experiments with the system as applied at a hospital to patients suffering from upper limb paralysis.
Design of Sorbent Hydrogen Bond Acidic Polycarbosilanes for Chemical Sensor Applications (2007)

New hydrogen bond acidic polycarbosilanes have been developed for chemical sensing applications. The sorptive properties of the functionalized polycarbosilanes have been evaluated on a number of chemical sensing platforms including surface acoustic wave resonators, single wall carbon nanotube sensors and an Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared spectrometer. The hydrogen bond acidic nature of the polymers makes them highly sorbent toward basic vapors such as organophosphonates and polynitroaromatics.
Self‐Assembly of One‐ and Two‐Dimensional Hemoprotein Systems by Polymerization through Heme–Heme Pocket Interactions (2008)

Supramolecular protein polymers: When a heme moiety was introduced to the surface of an apo-cytochrome b(562)(H63C) mutant, supramolecular polymers formed through noncovalent heme-heme pocket interactions. The incorporation of a heme triad as a pivot molecule in the protein polymer further led to a two-dimensional protein network structure, which was visualized by tapping-mode atomic force microscopy (see picture).
TCR-like antibody drug conjugates mediate killing of tumor cells with low peptide/HLA targets (2017)

The currently marketed antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) destabilize microtubule assembly in cancer cells and initiate apoptosis in patients. However, few tumor antigens (TA) are expressed at high densities on cancer lesions, potentially minimizing the therapeutic index of current ADC regimens. The peptide/human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex can be specifically targeted by therapeutic antibodies (designated T cell receptor [TCR]-like antibodies) and adequately distinguish malignant cells, but has not been the focus of ADC development. We analyzed the killing potential of TCR-like ADCs when cross-linked to the DNA alkylating compound duocarmycin. Our data comprise proof-of-principle results that TCR-like ADCs mediate potent tumor cytotoxicity, particularly under common scenarios of low TA/HLA density, and support their continued development alongside agents that disrupt DNA replication. Additionally, TCR-like antibody ligand binding appears to play an important role in ADC functionality and should be addressed during therapy development to avoid binding patterns that negate ADC killing efficacy.
Processing Materials Devices and Diagnostics for Thin Film Photovoltaics: Fundamental and Manufacturability Issues; Final Report, 5 September 2001 - 31 May 2008 (2009)

The critical issues addressed in this study on CIGS, CdTe, and a-Si modules will provide the science and engineering basis for developing viable commercial processes and improved module performance.
Role of Tumor Pericytes in the Recruitment of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells (2015)

Our data uncovers a novel paracrine interaction between tumor pericytes and inflammatory cells and delineates the cellular events resulting in the recruitment of MDSC to tumors. Furthermore, we propose for the first time a role for tumor pericytes in modulating the expression of immune mediators in malignant cells by promoting a hypoxic microenvironment.
Robert Moskowitz : Recent Paintings and Pastels / Judith Shea : Recent Sculpture (1985)

Includes two short essays on each artist's approach to artmaking, with quotations from the artists themselves. Biographical notes. 54 bibl. ref.
Supermolecular Chiral Mesogenic Tripedes (2012)

A novel series of chiral liquid crystalline tripedes Glucoside and Mannoside derivatives G(n) and M(n) (n=1-3) have been synthesised. The inner cores consist of methyl α-D-Glucoside G or methyl α-D-Mannoside M, regioselectively functionalised at the less hindered position C6, with tert-butyldimethylsilyl (TBDMS), hydroxyl or carboxylic acid moieties. The cores, which can acquire several flexible conformations, are attached to rod-like smectogenic-preferring cyanobiphenyl units, by means of a flexible hexanoyl spacer. These Glyco-Supermolecules exhibit chiral nematic (N*) and smectic A (SmA) phases. The combined effects of core chirality and functional groups on thermal and mesomorphic characteristics are discussed.
Least Costly Energy Management for Extended Range Electric Vehicles with Start-Up Characterization (2018)

In this work, the Energy Management Strategy (EMS) problem is solved considering an Electric Vehicle (EV) equipped with a Range Extender (REX), a device developed to increase the All Electric Range (AER) provided by the battery, which can be switched ON and OFF depending on the need. First, a control-oriented modeling of the powertrain is introduced focusing attention on REX description in terms of power generation, and thermal dynamics. Secondly, the EMS problem is formalized as a mixed-integer convex program. Thus, the optimal energy management policy is obtained by minimizing an objective function taking into account electricity and battery aging costs, REX fuel consumption and start-up costs. The introduction of REX thermal dynamics allows for temperature varying start-up costs and simplified REX aging modeling. To show the effectiveness of the EMS, an electric bus case study is dealt with and a sensitivity analysis is performed over some critical optimization parameters to understand when purchasing a REX is interesting and economically effective.
Tachykinin NK2 receptor antagonists for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (2004)

Tachykinin NK2 receptors are expressed in the gastrointestinal tract of both laboratory animals and humans. Experimental data indicate a role for these receptors in the regulation of intestinal motor functions (both excitatory and inhibitory), secretions, inflammation and visceral sensitivity. In particular, NK2 receptor stimulation inhibits intestinal motility by activating sympathetic extrinsic pathways or NANC intramural inhibitory components, whereas a modulatory effect on cholinergic nerves or a direct effect on smooth muscle account for the NK2 receptor-mediated increase in intestinal motility. Accordingly, selective NK2 receptor antagonists can reactivate inhibited motility or decrease inflammation- or stress-associated hypermotility. Intraluminal secretion of water is increased by NK2 receptor agonists via a direct effect on epithelial cells, and this mechanism is active in models of diarrhoea since selective antagonists reverse the increase in faecal water content in these models. Hyperalgesia in response to intraluminal volume signals is possibly mediated through the stimulation of NK2 receptors located on peripheral branches of primary afferent neurones. NK2 receptor antagonists reduce the hyper-responsiveness that occurs following intestinal inflammation or application of stressful stimuli to animals. Likewise, NK2 receptor antagonists reduce intestinal tissue damage induced by chemical irritation of the intestinal wall or lumen. In healthy volunteers, the selective NK2 antagonist nepadutant reduced the motility-stimulating effects and irritable bowel syndrome-like symptoms triggered by intravenous infusion of neurokinin A, and displayed other characteristics that could support its use in patients. It is concluded that blockade of peripheral tachykinin NK2 receptors should be considered as a viable mechanism for decreasing the painful symptoms and altered bowel habits of irritable bowel syndrome patients.
Adaptive coarse-to-fine quantization for optimizing rate-distortion of progressive mesh compression (2009)

International audience
Transformation Optics for Plasmonics (2013)

This chapter reviews the main designs provided by the conformal transformations (CT) approach and presents the corresponding analytical predictions. It first presents the general strategy and the two families of nanostructures that one can derive via conformal mapping: the singular plasmonic devices and the resonant nanostructures. Then, the chapter explains the broadband light harvesting and nanofocusing properties of singular structures. The conformal picture also provides novel physical insights into the formation of hot spots in the vicinity of the structure singularities. The plasmonic hybridization model is revisited with transformation optics (TO) and a full-analytical solution is provided for 2D nanostructures. The chapter also shows how to take into account radiative losses in the CT approach. Finally, it deals with the CT strategy, which is refined to investigate the impact that nonlocality has on the optical properties of plasmonic nanostructures.
P24.14: Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung, type I: a case report (2011)

Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM) is a pulmonary developmental anomaly arising from an overgrowth of the terminal respiratory bronchioles. The condition may be bilateral involving all lung tissue, but in the vast majority of cases it is confined to a single lung or lobe. The lesions are either macrocystic or microcystic. Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation has been classified into three subgroups according to the size of the cysts. A 31 year old women 0G 0P with a non-contributive history and from a non-consanguineous marriage, presented to our department at 20 weeks of gestation. Our ultrasound examination revealed a single cystic lesion within the right lung, suggestive of a congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung, type I. The heart was shifted to the left. No other anomalies were found. an MRI was performed at 38 weeks of pregnancy observing a lesion of high signal in the basal portion of the right lung of 2 cms, suggestive of adenomatoid malformation of the lung. The patient was rescanned at 38 weeks and the findings were the same. A female neonate was delivered at term. Postnatal X-ray and CT were done confirming the diagnosis of the congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung, type I. Supporting information can be found in the online version of this abstract. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Near-Field Infrared Vibrational Dynamics and Tip-Enhanced Decoherence (2013)

Ultrafast infrared spectroscopy can reveal the dynamics of vibrational excitations in matter. In its conventional far-field implementation, however, it provides only limited insight into nanoscale sample volumes due to insufficient spatial resolution and sensitivity. Here, we combine scattering-scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) with femtosecond infrared vibrational spectroscopy to characterize the coherent vibrational dynamics of a nanoscopic ensemble of C-F vibrational oscillators of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). The near-field mode transfer between the induced vibrational molecular coherence and the metallic scanning probe tip gives rise to a tip-mediated radiative IR emission of the vibrational free-induction decay (FID). By increasing the tip–sample coupling, we can enhance the vibrational dephasing of the induced coherent vibrational polarization and associated IR emission, with dephasing times up to T2(NF) is approximately equal to 370 fs in competition against the intrinsic far-field lifetime of T2(FF) is approximately equal to 680 fs as dominated by nonradiative damping. Near-field antenna-coupling thus provides for a new way to modify vibrational decoherence. This approach of ultrafast s-SNOM enables the investigation of spatiotemporal dynamics and correlations with nanometer spatial and femtosecond temporal resolution.
Supplementary Figures 1-7 from MicroRNA Signature of Primary Pigmented Nodular Adrenocortical Disease: Clinical Correlations and Regulation of <i>Wnt</i> Signaling (2023)

Supplementary Figures 1-7 from MicroRNA Signature of Primary Pigmented Nodular Adrenocortical Disease: Clinical Correlations and Regulation of &lt;i&gt;Wnt&lt;/i&gt; Signaling
Multicenter evaluation of signal enhancement algorithms for hearing aids (2010)

In the framework of the European HearCom project, promising signal enhancement algorithms were developed and evaluated for future use in hearing instruments. To assess the algorithms' performance, five of the algorithms were selected and implemented on a common real-time hardware/software platform. Four test centers in Belgium, The Netherlands, Germany, and Switzerland perceptually evaluated the algorithms. Listening tests were performed with large numbers of normal-hearing and hearing-impaired subjects. Three perceptual measures were used: speech reception threshold (SRT), listening effort scaling, and preference rating. Tests were carried out in two types of rooms. Speech was presented in multitalker babble arriving from one or three loudspeakers. In a pseudo-diffuse noise scenario, only one algorithm, the spatially preprocessed speech-distortion-weighted multi-channel Wiener filtering, provided a SRT improvement relative to the unprocessed condition. Despite the general lack of improvement in SRT, some algorithms were preferred over the unprocessed condition at all tested signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). These effects were found across different subject groups and test sites. The listening effort scores were less consistent over test sites. For the algorithms that did not affect speech intelligibility, a reduction in listening effort was observed at 0 dB SNR.
Ultra-Wideband Air-to-Ground Propagation Channel Characterization in an\n Open Area (2019)

This paper studies the air-to-ground (AG) ultra-wideband (UWB) propagation\nchannel through measurements between 3.1 GHz to 4.8 GHz using\nunmanned-aerial-vehicles (UAVs). Different line-of-sight (LOS) and obstructed-\nLOS scenarios and two antenna orientations were used in the experiments.\nChannel statistics for different propagation scenarios were obtained, and the\nSaleh-Valenzuela (SV) model was found to provide a good fit for the statistical\nchannel model. An analytical path loss model based on antenna gains in the\nelevation plane is provided for unobstructed UAV hovering and moving (in a\ncircular path) propagation scenarios.\n