gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
1H NMR-based lipidomics of rodent fur: species-specific lipid profiles and SCD1 inhibitor-related dermal toxicity (2014)

A method is described that allows noninvasive identification and quantitative assessment of lipid classes present in sebaceous excretions in rodents. The method relies on direct high-field proton NMR analysis of common group lipid protons in deuterated organic solvent extracts of fur. Extracts from as little as 15 mg of fur from rat, mouse, and hamster provided acceptable results on a 600 MHz NMR equipped with a cryogenically cooled proton-observe probe. In rats, sex- and age-related differences in lipid composition are larger than differences in fur collected from various body regions within an individual and much larger than interanimal differences in age- and sex-matched specimens. The utility of this method to noninvasively monitor drug-induced sebaceous gland atrophy in rodents is demonstrated in rats dosed with a stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) inhibitor. In this model, a 35% reduction in sebum lipids, extracted from fur, was observed. Finally, structural elucidation of cholesta-7,24-dien-3β-ol ester as the most prominent, previously unidentified sebum sterol ester in male Syrian hamsters is described. The utility of this method for drug and cosmetic safety and efficacy assessment is discussed.
Algorithms and protocols for constrained path selection and fault monitoring in packet networks (2008)

Efficient resource utilization and fast failure recovery are essential design goals of next-generation backbone networks. The need for efficient resource utilization has motivated the development of various protocols and techniques that offer data services over legacy backbone networks such as Synchronous Optical Network/Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SONET/SDH). Enabling improved utilization with enhanced network reliability requires various network optimizations, both at the protocol and system levels. In this dissertation, we present a set of network optimization techniques that improve the performance of an end-user connected to classical packet networks such as Internet. First, we introduce an efficient path selection algorithm that enables seamless bandwidth upgrade for an existing Ethernet connection over SONET/SDH backbone using virtual concatenation technique. We also provide a heterogenous concatenation technique that improves the bandwidth utilization and that is easy to maintain. Second, we present a novel failure localization technique, that can detect single-link or simultaneous multiple-link failures. This technique is based on constructing a set of monitoring paths and cycles from one or more monitoring locations in the network. Third, we present an efficient routing and wavelength assignment scheme for backbone networks with stale network-state information. Finally, we present an eÂ±cient server placement scheme for supporting multiple-description-coding (MDC) based media streaming over content delivery networks. We show that by using MDC-encoded media, intelligent server placement, and efficient path selection, the performance of an end-user can be greatly improved.
Methacrylated gelatin-embedded fabrication of 3D graphene-supported Co3O4 nanoparticles for water splitting (2019)

We developed a general platform for the fabrication of transition metal oxide nanoparticles supported by a graphene foam (GF) by first coating it with a methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) hydrogel, which served as a 3D matrix for nanoparticle dispersion. The engineered GelMA/GF matrix was hydrophilic with good mechanical strength and high conductivity, therefore providing a good platform for the dispersion of a variety of metal/oxide precursors. Due to this platform, well-dispersed Co3O4 nanoparticles with the smallest size of 3 nm assembled on the nitrogen-doped graphene foam (Co3O4/NGF). The crystalline transformation from a CoCl2[H2O]2 precursor to Co3O4 was revealed by in operando X-ray diffraction and absorption techniques. After applying Co3O4/NGF as a free-standing electrocatalyst for water splitting, the nanoparticles of size 3 nm exhibited optimal catalytic activity in alkaline media; the corresponding cell could promote water splitting at a current density of 10 mA cm-2 with only 1.63 V and exhibited excellent stability in a 25 h long-term operation. Our results demonstrate that the GelMA hydrogel-coated 3D graphene foam can be a promising platform for the design and fabrication of graphene-based multifunctional materials.
On the 20/40 MHz Coexistence of Overlapping BSSs in WLANs (2008)

We investigate the impact of 20/40 MHz coexistence on the performance of wireless local area networks (WLANs). To that end, we present simulation results of overlapping basic service sets (BSSs), a 802.11n BSS operating in 20/40 MHz mode and a legacy BSS operating in 20 MHz mode, where the overlapping channel is the extension channel of the 20/40 MHz BSS. Our results show that if clear channel assessment (CCA) is not used in the overlapping channel, the throughput in legacy BSS is almost zero, while the throughput of 20/40 MHz BSS decreases drastically. If CCA is used in the overlapping channel, the throughput of legacy and 20/40 MHz BSSs increase dramatically compared to the case when no CCA is used. In addition, when stations (STAs)/AP that operate in 20/40 MHz BSS are able to dynamically switch between 20 MHz and 40 MHz transmit/receive modes and CCA is used in the extension channel, the throughput of both BSSs further increases. We also report the impact of 40 MHz operation on legacy BSS when the 20/40 MHz BSS employs IEEE 802.11e enhancements. In addition, the impact on the network performance of RTS/CTS protection mechanism for 40 MHz transmissions are also shown. Reducing transmission opportunity (TXOP) interval for 40 MHz transmissions also improves fairness and throughput for legacy BSSs.
Potential benefits of combining EMI and GPR for enhanced UXO discrimination at highly contaminated sites (2004)

In highly contaminated unexploded ordnance (UXO) cleanup sites, multiple metallic subsurface objects may appear within the field of view of the sensor simultaneously, both for electromagnetic induction (EMI) and ground penetrating radar (GPR). Sensor measurements consist of an <i>a priori</i> unknown mixture of the objects' responses. The two sensing systems can provide different kinds of information, which are complementary and could together produce enhanced UXO discrimination in such cases. GPR can indicate the number of objects and their approximate locations and orientations. This data can then serve as prior information in EMI modeling based on the standardized excitation approximation (SEA). The method is capable of producing very fast, ultra-high fidelity renderings of each object’s response, including all effects of near and far field observation, non-uniform excitation, geometrical and material heterogeneity, and internal interactions. Given good position information, the SEA formulation inverts successfully for EMI parameters for each of the two objects, using EMI data in which their signals overlap. The values of the inferred parameters, in terms of their frequency and spatial patterns for an object's response to each basic excitation, are unique characteristics of the object and could thus serve as a basis for classification.
Adversarial Attacks on Deep Learning Based Power Allocation in a Massive MIMO Network (2021)

Deep learning (DL) is becoming popular as a new tool for many applications in wireless communication systems. However, for many classification tasks (e.g., modulation classification) it has been shown that DL-based wireless systems are susceptible to adversarial examples; adversarial examples are well-crafted malicious inputs to the neural network (NN) with the objective to cause erroneous outputs. In this paper, we extend this to regression problems and show that adversarial attacks can break DL-based power allocation in the downlink of a massive multiple-input-multiple-output (maMIMO) network. Specifically, we extend the fast gradient sign method (FGSM), momentum iterative FGSM, and projected gradient descent adversarial attacks in the context of power allocation in a maMIMO system. We benchmark the performance of these attacks and show that with a small perturbation in the input of the NN, the white-box attacks can result in infeasible solutions up to 86%. Furthermore, we investigate the performance of black-box attacks. All the evaluations conducted in this work are based on an open dataset and NN models, which are publicly available.
Supplementary Table S1 from Deletion at Fragile Sites Is a Common and Early Event in Barrett's Esophagus (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table S1.&lt;/p&gt;
Additional file 2: Supplementary Figures. of Colony-stimulating factor (CSF) 1 receptor blockade reduces inflammation in human and murine models of rheumatoid arthritis (2016)

Figure S1. huAB1 and muAB5 antibodies block ligand-induced CSFR1 responses. a CSFR1 phosphorylation assay in IL-34 and CSF-1 stimulated CHO-CSF1R cells in the presence of increasing concentrations of huAB1. b Monocyte proliferation in IL-34- and CSF-1-stimulated NFS60 cells in the presence of increasing concentrations of muAB5. Figure S2. Circulating Ly6Clo monocyte numbers are reduced following treatment with muAB5. Graphs show the absolute number of a LyC6lo and b Ly6Chi monocytes present in blood samples obtained from muAB5- or saline-treated mice. Symbols represent values obtained from individual animals, bars represent the mean and error bars indicate the SEM. *P value &lt;0.05; Mann-Whitney U test. Figure S3. IL-34 and CSF-1 macrophages have similar viability. Cell viability assay of monocytes from buffy coat differentiated in medium, CSF-1 or IL-34 for 1, 3 and 7 days. Data are presented as arbitrary units and represent the mean ± SEM of four independent experiments. *P &lt; 0.05 compared to medium macrophages. Figure S4. PTP-ζ mRNA expression in synovial tissue from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is almost residual compared to CSF-1R. Quantification of relative PTP-ζ and CSF1R mRNA expression in synovial tissue from 6 patients with RA and 6 patients with PsA. qPCR data are shown as 2 -ΔCt, as described in “Methods”. Data are presented as scatter plots, where each plot represents an individual value, bars represent the mean and error bars indicate the SEM. (PDF 146 kb)
Synergistic Effect of Increased Total Protein Intake and Strength Training on Muscle Strength: A Dose-Response Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (2022)

Concurrent use of resistance training is essential for protein supplementation to improve muscle strength. This study indicates that 1.5 g/kg BW/d may be the most appropriate amount of total protein intake for maintaining and augmenting muscle strength along with resistance training.
Identification in Iterative Learning Control: A Model Based, Iteration Varying Learning Filter for Precision Control (2009)

Linear Iterative Learning Control (ILC) algorithms have been known to also perform well for nonlinear systems whose dominant system dynamics are linear. In order for the learning filter to take advantage of more system information, we propose here a model based ILC algorithm which uses an iteration varying learning filter. Before the next iteration’s feedforward control is computed, the linearized system model is first estimated using a least squares approximation. We implement this algorithm on a wafer stage prototype whose dominant system dynamics are linear with a weak nonlinear actuator disturbance. Because the nonlinear disturbance is state dependent, the linear dynamics will shift as the ILC algorithm is converging. We show that as the system converges to the desired trajectory the plant parameter also converge.
Ordered packet scheduling in wireless ad hoc networks: mechanisms and performance analysis (2002)

Wireless emph ad hoc networks based on the IEEE 802.11 protocol can incur severe unfairness even in simple topologies. In particular, two topological properties that we define in a graph-theoretic framework and refer to as information asymmetry and perceived collisions result in significant performance degradations and unfairness. In this paper, we present the design and analysis of Distributed Wireless Ordering Protocol (DWOP), a distributed scheduling and media access algorithm targeted towards ensuring that packets access the medium in an order defined by an ideal reference scheduler such as FIFO, Virtual Clock, or Earliest Deadline First. In this way, DWOP enables QoS differentiation as well as fairness when combined with TCP. Our key technique is piggybacking head-of-line packet priorities in IEEE 802.11 control messages so that nodes can assess the relative priority of their own queued packets. With a graph-theoretic problem formulation, we design DWOP to achieve the exact reference ordering in fully connected graphs, and to have well-characterized deviations from the reference order in more complex topologies. A simple theoretical model indicates that the scheme attains rapid convergence for newly arriving nodes, and extensive simulations indicate that nearly exact reference ordering can be achieved, even in complex asymmetric and perceived collision topologies.
Simple colloidal lithography method to fabricate large-area moth-eye antireflective structures on Si, Ge, and GaAs for IR applications (2014)

A two-step colloidal lithography process (Langmuir–Blodgett dip coating + reactive ion etching) was developed to fabricate single and double-sided moth-eye structures in Si, Ge, and GaAs for antireflection applications in the IR. Large increases in transmittance were obtained in all three material platforms (up to 97% single-side and 91% absolute transmittance) over the λ = 4−20+ μm region. Effective medium theory and the transfer matrix method were used to predict IR optical response of moth-eye substrates as well as investigate the effect of protuberance shape on antireflectance behavior. Overall, it is demonstrated that colloidal lithography and etching provide an easy and generic way to synthesize moth-eyes in different IR material platforms.
A second-order sigma-delta ADC using MOS capacitors for smart sensor applications (2006)

This paper presents a second-order sigma-delta ADC designed for use in a smart temperature sensor. It is operated in a 'one-shot' mode, i.e. the converter is powered up, produces a single conversion result, and powers down again. This paper discusses the implications of this mode of operation for the design of the modulator and the decimation filter. A sinc/sup 2/ decimation filter is used, which is shown to provide a higher resolution then a more complex sinc/sup 3/ with the same conversion time. Through continuous-time integration of the input and reference voltages, the use of a linear sampling capacitor at the input is avoided. The modulator was implemented in a 0.5 /spl mu/m digital CMOS process using MOS capacitors. An effective resolution of 15.5 bits was measured with a conversion time of 25 ms.
The relevance of Simpson Grade I and II resection in modern neurosurgical treatment of World Health Organization Grade I meningiomas (2010)

In this study of a cohort of patients undergoing surgery for WHO Grade I meningiomas, the authors demonstrate that the benefit of more aggressive attempts to resect the tumor with dura and underlying bone was negligible compared with simply removing the entire tumor, or even leaving small amounts of tumor attached to critical structures. The authors believe that these data reflect an evolution in the nature of meningioma surgery over the past 2 decades, and bring into question the relevance of using Simpson's grading system as the sole predictor of recurrence.
Testing extreme ultraviolet optical systems at-wavelength with sub-angstrom accuracy (1999)

Achieving diffraction-limited performance from extreme ultraviolet (EUV) optical systems requires the development of interferometry with sub-angstrom accuracy. At-wave- length EUV testing with a phase-shifting point diffraction interferometer is being developed for the measurement of lithographic quality, multiple-element, aspherical optical systems. Recent demonstrations of high-accuracy EUV interferometry, and progress in this field, have required detailed analysis and in situ calibration of systematic errors generated by the measurement geometry. The framework of this detailed analysis is presented along with recent measurements and a discussion of concomitant metrologies made available by the interferometer.
Adaptive Nonuniform-Grid (NG) Algorithm for Fast Capacitance Extraction (2006)

A novel method for computing the capacitance matrices of arbitrary shaped three-dimensional geometries is presented. The proposed approach combines a novel nonuniform-grid (NG) algorithm for fast evaluation of potentials due to given source distributions with an iterative solution of the pertinent integral equations. The NG algorithm is based on the observation that locally the potential produced by a finite size source can be interpolated from its samples at a small number of points of a nonuniform spherical grid. This observation leads to a multilevel algorithm comprising interpolation and aggregation of potentials. The resulting hierarchical algorithm attains an O(N) asymptotic complexity and memory requirements. The computational efficiency is further improved for quasi-planar geometries by the use of adaptive grids
Study of SF6/N2O Microwave Plasma for Surface Texturing of Multicrystalline (<150 µm) Solar Substrates (2012)

Surface texturing is an imperative process to reduce the reflection of the incident light on solar cells, by enhancing sunlight diffusion into the silicon solar cells for photon generation. As a result, the current generation can be increased. In this study, the plasma texturing process with linear microwave plasma sources has been benchmarked with the industrial acidic iso-texturing process on 156×156 mm 2 multicrystalline substrates. By optimizing the plasma texturing parameters, the absolute solar cells efficiency can be increased by 4.9% for 150 µm thickness silicon substrate. The proposed process offers a significant advantage over the standard acidic iso-texturing without major modification in the existing industrial solar cells manufacturing sequence. In order to explain plasma-induced surface morphology changes, the Kardar–Parisi–Zhang (KPZ), Pétri–Brault, and Jason–Drotar models are used.
ChemInform Abstract: A STEREOSPECIFIC TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF (.+‐.)‐METHYLENOMYCIN A AND ITS EPIMER, (.+‐.)‐EPIMETHYLENOMYCIN A (1980)

Abstract Zur Synthese der Titelverbindungen (XI) und (XIV) wird als gemeinsame Vorstufe zunächst (VI) dargestellt: Das durch eine Photoaddition von Pentin‐(2) an Maleinsäureanhydrid erhaltene (II) wird zum Diol (III) reduziert, den cyclischen Ether (IV) überführt man durch Ozonolyse des Cyclobuten‐Fragrnents und Aldolkondensation des Diketons (V) in das Enon (VI).
Compressed Domain Noise Reduction and Echo Suppression (2000)

In this paper, a novel approach to speech processing in the compressed &main is discussed. The compressed domain refers to the quantized representation of the speech signal in terms of a set of parameters using a particular compression method. The coded speech may require only partial decoding to extract the information necessary to facilitate enhancement Even with full decoding, the additional processing cost is low since decoding is usually an order of magnitude less expensive than encoding. The key to the savings in processing cost, when using the compressed domain speech enhancement techniques, lies in the partial re-encoding of only a few of the speech parameters. The cost of this partial encoding can be several oders of magnitude lower than full encoding. Compressed domain techniques for noise reduction and echo cancellation are discussed in this paper.
A new photoelectrochemical test cell and its use for a combined two-electrode and three-electrode approach to cell testing (2009)

This paper describes the design, assembly, and operation of a photoelectrochemical (PEC) test cell that is relatively easy to construct and well suited for testing photoelectrode/counterelectrode combinations in a reproducible manner. The design of the cell permits measurements to be made in both two-electrode and three-electrode arrangements. The benefits of conducting both two-electrode and three-electrode measurements are illustrated using data obtained from the new test cell for a PEC system based on a polysulfide electrolyte, CdSe(0.8)Te(0.2) photoanode, and tungsten monocarbide counterelectrode. It is shown that linear sweep voltammograms measured in three-electrode mode can be used to describe current transients recorded in a two-electrode cell modified by the addition of a reference electrode.
Metric-Based Multimodal Meta-Learning for Human Movement Identification Via Footstep Recognition (2023)

One of the major challenges of human movement identification in indoor environments is sensitivity to many uncommon indoor interactions, such as falling off an object or moving a chair. This work investigates human footstep movements using multiple modalities and analyzes their representations from a small self-collected dataset of acoustic and vibration-based sensors. The core idea of this study is to learn apparent similarities between two sensory traits (not limited to microphone and geophone) and combine representations from multiple sensors. For this purpose, we describe a novel metric-based learning approach that introduces a multimodal frame-work and uses deep audio and geophone encoders in Siamese configuration to design an adaptable and lightweight self-supervised model to detect human movements. This framework eliminates the need for expensive data labeling procedures and learns general-purpose representations from low multisensory data obtained from omnipresent sensing systems. Next, we learn temporal and spatial features extracted from audio and geophone signals using this expressive design. Then, we extract the representations in a shared space to maximize the learning of a compatibility function between acoustic and geophone features. We effectively detected human movement from multiple sensor modalities with a 99.9% accuracy from the learned model. This method increases the identification of human movements in indoor-sensitive environments. We also propose further investigation to demonstrate generalization and effectiveness by conducting extensive experiments on datasets from various disciplines and in multiple settings.
Supplementary Figure 7 from STING Ligand c-di-GMP Improves Cancer Vaccination against Metastatic Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 287K, Figure S7: Maturation of DC and MDSC in spleens of 4T1 tumor-bearing mice by c-di-GMP in vitro.&lt;/p&gt;