gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Color Enhancement of Multispectral Images for Effective Visualization (2010)

The color enhancement of multispectral images is a useful tool to visualize their spectral features. Previously, a color enhancement method which enhances the feature of specified spectral band without changing the average color distribution was proposed. However, the enhanced feature is sometimes unapparent or invisible, when the wavelength range of the specified band is visually insignificant. In this paper, we propose a modified method for more effective visualization capability in the color enhancement for multispectral images. In the proposed method, a user specifies both the spectral band for extracting the spectral feature and the color to be visualized, respectively. Then, the spectral feature in the multispectral image is enhanced by arbitrary color. The proposed method of the color enhancement was experimentally applied to multispectral images, such as a human skin image and microscopic images of pathological tissue specimen. As a result, we verified that the proposed method can effectively visualize the spectral features.
Cyclization Reactions of 2,3-Bis(phenylsulfonyl)-1,3-butadiene with Various Carbanions. A [4 + 1] Anionic Annulation Approach to Phenylsulfonyl-Substituted Cyclopentenes (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCyclization Reactions of 2,3-Bis(phenylsulfonyl)-1,3-butadiene with Various Carbanions. A [4 + 1] Anionic Annulation Approach to Phenylsulfonyl-Substituted CyclopentenesAlbert Padwa, Michelle A. Filipkowski, Michael Meske, S. Shaun Murphree, Scott H. Watterson, and Zhijie NiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 3, 588–596Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00082a015https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00082a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views507Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
The costs and benefits of screening for PKU in Wisconsin (1984)

Abstract A comprehensive benefit‐cost analysis of the screening program to detect newborns with PKU in Wisconsin is presented. Classic PKU is a genetic disorder which, if undetected and untreated during the first few weeks of life, generally results in mental retardation and a variety of other abnormal conditions. Monetary costs of the detection and treatment program were compared with the projected benefits (avoided costs) that result from the prevention of the mental retardation associated with the disorder. Future costs and benefits were determined using a 4 per cent, 7 per cent, and 10 per cent rate of discount. Net benefits (benefits‐costs) for detecting and treating one individual with PKU were $208,000 ($292,000‐$84,000) using the 7 per cent rate of discount. Net benefits for detecting four individuals with PKU per year in Wisconsin totaled $832,000, a large rate of return on a relatively small investment. The issue of the potential economic implications of maternal PKU is briefly discussed.
Dynamics of RNA polymerase II and elongation factor Spt4/5 recruitment during activator-dependent transcription (2020)

Abstract In eukaryotes, RNA polymerase II (RNApII) transcribes messenger RNA from template DNA. Decades of experiments have identified the proteins needed for transcription activation, initiation complex assembly, and productive elongation. However, the dynamics of recruitment of these proteins to transcription complexes, and of the transitions between these steps, are poorly understood. We used multi-wavelength single-molecule fluorescence microscopy to directly image and quantitate these dynamics in a budding yeast nuclear extract that reconstitutes activator-dependent transcription in vitro. A strong activator (Gal4-VP16) greatly stimulated reversible binding of individual RNApII molecules to template DNA, with no detectable involvement of RNApII-containing condensates. Binding of labeled elongation factor Spt4/5 to DNA typically followed RNApII binding, was NTP-dependent, and was correlated with association of mRNA-binding protein Hek2, demonstrating specificity of Spt4/5 binding to elongation complexes. Quantitative kinetic modeling shows that only a fraction of RNApII binding events are productive and implies a rate-limiting step, probably associated with recruitment of general transcription factors, needed to assemble a transcription-competent pre-initiation complex at the promoter. Spt4/5 association with transcription complexes was slowly reversible, with DNA-bound RNApII molecules sometimes binding and releasing Spt4/5 multiple times. The average Spt4/5 residence time was of similar magnitude to the time required to transcribe an average length yeast gene. These dynamics suggest that a single Spt4/5 molecule remains associated during a typical transcription event, yet can dissociate from RNApII to allow disassembly of abnormally long-lived (i.e., stalled) elongation complexes. Significance Statement The synthesis of a eukaryotic messenger RNA molecule involves the association of RNA polymerase and dozens of accessory proteins on DNA. We used differently colored fluorescent dyes to tag DNA, RNA polymerase II, and the elongation factor Spt4/5 in yeast nuclear extract, and then observed the assembly and dynamics of individual molecules of the proteins with single DNA molecules by microscopy. The observations quantitatively define an overall pathway by which transcription complexes form and evolve in response to an activator protein. They suggest how molecular complex dynamics may be tuned to optimize efficient RNA production.
A functional origin of transfer (oriT) on the conjugative transposon Tn916 (1995)

The origin of transfer (oriT) of the 18-kb conjugative transposon Tn916 has been localized to a 466-bp region which spans nucleotides 15215 to 15681 on the transposon map. The oriT lies within an intercistronic region between open reading frames ORF20 and ORF21 that contains six sets of inverted repeats ranging from 10 to 20 bp in size. The segment contains three sequences showing identity in 9 of 12 bp to the consensus nicking site (nic) of the IncP family of conjugative plasmids found in gram-negative bacteria. Overlapping one of these sequences is a region similar to the nic site of the F plasmid. Functionality was based on the ability of the oriT-containing sequence to provide a cis-acting mobilization of chimeras involving the shuttle vector pWM401 in response to activation in trans by an intact chromosome-borne transposon Tn916 delta E. Cloned segments of 466 or 376 nucleotides resulted in unselected cotransfer of the plasmid at levels of about 40% when selection was for Tn916 delta E, whereas a 110-bp segment resulted in cotransfer at a frequency of about 7%. Mobilization was specific in that gram-positive plasmids, such as pAD1 and pAM beta 1, and the gram-negative plasmids pOX38 (a derivative of F) and RP1 did not mobilize oriT-containing chimeras.
Low-Cost 20X Silicon-Cell-Based Linear Fresnel Lens Concentrator Panel (2011)

The Entech Solar team has been developing, field testing, and refining line‐focus Fresnel lens silicon‐cell concentrators for three decades. In response to the new economics of one‐sun photovoltaic modules which represent the competition for all concentrating photovoltaic (CPV) modules, we have recently completely redesigned our latest concentrator panel to be extremely material‐efficient to achieve far lower manufacturing cost than for our previous generations of concentrators. Our new 20X concentrator panel draws heavily on our space concentrator technology developed under NASA and DOD programs. This paper describes the new 20X module and its key attributes.
Performance Comparison of SSMF and UltraWave Fibers for Ultra-Long-Haul 40-Gb/s WDM Transmission (2007)

We experimentally compare the performance of standard single-mode fiber (SSMF) and UltraWave fiber (UWF) for ultra-long-haul (ULH) 40-Gb/s wavelength-division-multiplexing transmissions. We used the carrier-suppressed return-to-zero amplitude-shift-keying (CSRZ-ASK) and the carrier-suppressed return-to-zero differential-phase-shift-keying (CSRZ-DPSK) formats, which are particularly well-adapted to 40-Gb/s pulse-overlapped propagation. We demonstrate that transmission distance well beyond 2000 km can be reached on UWF with both the CSRZ-ASK and CSRZ-DPSK formats, or on SSMF with the CSRZ-DPSK format only, thus indicating that SSMF-based infrastructure of incumbent carriers can be upgraded at 40-Gb/s channel rates to ULH distances.
Occlusive and reperfused myocardial infarcts: MR imaging differentiation with nonionic Gd-DTPA-BMA. (1991)

To increase the time during which effective contrast exists between normal and infarcted myocardium, a high dose (0.6 mmol/kg) of the nonionic contrast medium gadolinium diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid bismethylamide (Gd-DTPA-BMA) was used to distinguish between occlusive and reperfused myocardial infarctions in rats. After administration of Gd-DTPA-BMA, there was clear and persistent demarcation of both occlusive and reperfused infarcts on T1-weighted MR images. In occlusive infarcts, normal, infarcted, and periinfarcted myocardium could be identified. High signal intensity was evident for 60 minutes in a band straddling the border between infarcted and normal myocardium, namely, the periinfarction zone. In the reperfused infarct, normal and infarcted myocardium could be identified. The reperfused zone was immediately enhanced after injection of Gd-DTPA-BMA. A differential pattern of enhancement between occlusive and reperfused myocardial infarcts was evident for 1 hour. Thus, Gd-DTPA-BMA has the potential to allow (a) depiction of occlusive and reperfused acute myocardial infarcts, (b) documentation of reperfusion of myocardial infarction, and (c) distinction between occlusive and reperfused infarction.
Achievable diversity-multiplexing-delay tradeoff in half-duplex ARQ relay channels (2005)

In this paper, we present an efficient protocol for the delay-limited fading automatic retransmission request single relay channel. The source is using an ARQ retransmission protocol to send data to the relay and the destination. When the relay is able to decode, both the relay and the source send the same data to the destination providing additional gains. The proposed protocol exploits two kinds of diversity: (i) space diversity available through the cooperative (relay) terminal, which retransmits the source's signals, (ii) ARQ diversity obtained by leveraging the retransmission delay to enhance the reliability. The performance characterization is in terms of the achievable diversity, multiplexing gain and delay tradeoff for a high signal-to-noise ratio (snr) regime
Gold-tin bonding for 200mm wafer level hermetic MEMS packaging (2011)

Gold-Tin eutectic bonding was studied to get hermetic packaging at wafer level. Scanning Electron Microscopy cross section images showed the sealing joint morphology at different stages including before bonding and after bonding with or without thermal treatment at 400°C. Electron Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry enabled to get chemical information of observed phases. The Ni layer which was used as diffusion barrier reacts with the solder to form a nearly void free joint. Shear strength was in the range of 70 MPa before and after thermal treatment at 400°C. Hermeticity was assessed by measurement of membrane deflection caused by He overpressure. The air standard leak rate was lower than 2.6×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-11</sup> atm.cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> /s. After Through Silicon Via (TSV) process, low contact resistances in the range of 10 mΩ were obtained for the joint as for the TSV.
NeuroD1 regulation of migration accompanies the differential sensitivity of neuroendocrine carcinomas to TrkB inhibition (2013)

The developmental transcription factor NeuroD1 is anomalously expressed in a subset of aggressive neuroendocrine tumors. Previously, we demonstrated that TrkB and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) are downstream targets of NeuroD1 that contribute to the actions of neurogenic differentiation 1 (NeuroD1) in neuroendocrine lung. We found that several malignant melanoma and prostate cell lines express NeuroD1 and TrkB. Inhibition of TrkB activity decreased invasion in several neuroendocrine pigmented melanoma but not in prostate cell lines. We also found that loss of the tumor suppressor p53 increased NeuroD1 expression in normal human bronchial epithelial cells and cancer cells with neuroendocrine features. Although we found that a major mechanism of action of NeuroD1 is by the regulation of TrkB, effective targeting of TrkB to inhibit invasion may depend on the cell of origin. These findings suggest that NeuroD1 is a lineage-dependent oncogene acting through its downstream target, TrkB, across multiple cancer types, which may provide new insights into the pathogenesis of neuroendocrine cancers.
Inside-outside stereoisomerism: the synthesis of trans-bicyclo[5.3.1]undecane-11-one (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInside-outside stereoisomerism: the synthesis of trans-bicyclo[5.3.1]undecane-11-oneJeffrey D. Winkler, John P. Hey, and Paul G. WilliardCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 20, 6425–6427Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00280a071https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00280a071research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views546Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Quantitative assessment of human donor corneal endothelium with Gabor domain optical coherence microscopy (2019)

We report on a pathway for Gabor domain optical coherence microscopy (GD-OCM)-based metrology to assess the donor’s corneal endothelial layers ex vivo. Six corneas from the Lions Eye Bank at Albany and Rochester were imaged with GD-OCM. The raw 3-D images of the curved corneas were flattened using custom software to enhance the 2-D visualization of endothelial cells (ECs); then the ECs within a circle of 500-μm-diameter were analyzed using a custom corner method and a cell counting plugin in ImageJ. The EC number, EC area, endothelial cell density (ECD), and polymegethism (CV) were quantified in five different locations for each cornea. The robustness of the method (defined as the repeatability of measurement together with interoperator variability) was evaluated by independently repeating the entire ECD measurement procedure six times by three different examiners. The results from the six corneas show that the current modality reproduces the ECDs with a standard deviation of 2.3% of the mean ECD in every location, whereas the mean ECD across five locations varies by 5.1%. The resolution and imaging area provided through the use of GD-OCM may help to ultimately better assess the quality of donor corneas in transplantation.
Structural Transformation of Hexagonal (0001)BaTiO3Ceramics to Tetragonal (111)BaTiO3Ceramics (2011)

A ceramic slurry that contains a 6H-type Ba(Ti0.95Mn0.05)O3 powder was casted into a plaster mold under 10 T magnetic field to form a green compact of (0001)-oriented Ba(Ti0.95Mn0.05)O3. After sintering the green compact at 1300 °C in air, it was confirmed that the (0001)-oriented 6H-type perovskite structure transformed to a (111)-oriented 3C-type perovskite structure. The structural transformation was again examined using hexagonal BaTiO3 prepared by reducing pseudo-cubic BaTiO3 powder in H2 atmosphere. In this case, the preferred (0001) orientation was not confirmed for the green compacts. After sintering the green compacts at 1300 °C in air, mixed crystal orientations of (100)/(001) and (111) were observed for the resultant tetragonal BaTiO3 ceramics. This (100)/(001) orientation was suppressed by annealing the hexagonal BaTiO3 powder at 1000 °C before slip-casting, leading to highly (111)-oriented ceramics. It was found that the green compacts of (0001)-oriented hexagonal BaTiO3 can transform into (111)-oriented tetragonal BaTiO3 ceramics, maintaining the macroscopic crystal orientations due to a similar atomic stacking along [0001] of 6H-type BaTiO3 and [111] of 3C-type BaTiO3.
Aminodextran Coated CoFe2O4 Nanoparticles for Combined Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Hyperthermia (2020)

Aminodextran (AMD) coated magnetic cobalt ferrite nanoparticles are synthesized via electrostatic adsorption of aminodextran onto magnetic nanoparticles and their potential theranostic application is evaluated. The uncoated and aminodextran-coated nanoparticles are characterized to determine their hydrodynamic size, morphology, chemical composition, zeta potential and magnetization. The aminodextran containing cobalt ferrite nanoparticles of nanometer size are positively charged in the pH range from 3 to 9 and exhibit saturation magnetization of 50 emu/g. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) indicates capability for diagnostics and a reduction in intensity with an increase in nanoparticle amount. The hyperthermia capability of the prepared particles shows their potential to generate suitable local heat for therapeutic purposes. There is a rise of 7 °C and 9 °C at 327 kHz and 981 kHz respectively and specific absorption rates (SAR) of aminodextran-coated nanoparticles are calculated to be 259 W/g and 518 W/g at the given frequencies larger than uncoated nanoparticles (0.02 W/g). The development of novel aminodextran coated magnetic cobalt ferrite nanoparticles has significant potential to enable and improve personalized therapy regimens, targeted cancer therapies and ultimately to overcome the prevalence of nonessential and overdosing of healthy tissues and organs.
Output Constrained Adaptive Controller Design for Nonlinear Saturation Systems (2020)

This paper considers the adaptive neuro-fuzzy control scheme to solve the output tracking problem for a class of strict-feedback nonlinear systems. Both asymmetric output constraints and input saturation are considered. An asymmetric barrier Lyapunov function with time-varying prescribed performance is presented to tackle the output-tracking error constraints. A high-gain observer is employed to relax the requirement of the Lipschitz continuity about the nonlinear dynamics. To avoid the “explosion of complexity”, the dynamic surface control (DSC) technique is employed to filter the virtual control signal of each subsystem. To deal with the actuator saturation, an additional auxiliary dynamical system is designed. It is theoretically investigated that the parameter estimation and output tracking error are semi-global uniformly ultimately bounded. Two simulation examples are conducted to verify the presented adaptive fuzzy controller design.
Simulation of hot electron and quantum effects in AlGaN/GaN heterostructure field effect transistors (2004)

We report on simulations of electrical characteristics of AlGaN/(InGaN)/GaN heterostructure field effect transistors with quantum and hot electron effects taken into account. Polarization charges lead to quantum confinement of electrons in the channel and to the formation of two-dimensional electron gas. The electron quantization leads to the spread of the electron wave function into the barrier and bulk but does not have significant impact on dc electrical characteristics. Hot electrons play an important part in the charge transport by spilling over into the bulk GaN where they are captured by traps. This leads to negative differential conductivity, which is also observed experimentally. The simulation results are in good agreement with measured dc characteristics.
An electronic form system—an experience in prototyping (1983)

Abstract A prototype electronic form system was implemented to test the feasibility of a high level form definition mechanism. This mechanism is based on the concept of abstract data types in programming languages. This paper briefly discusses prototypes in general and describes the prototype electronic form system—specific objectives, design decisions, the implementation and evaluation. The prototype has proven invaluable in providing a better understanding of the facilities that should be included in a form definition language and of the implementation issues. Success of the prototype can be attributed to keeping prototype objectives in perspective throughout its implementation and ensuring that the objectives were not violated by any design decisions or implementation restrictions.