gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PreTraM: Self-Supervised Pre-training via Connecting Trajectory and Map (2022)

Deep learning has recently achieved significant progress in trajectory forecasting. However, the scarcity of trajectory data inhibits the data-hungry deep-learning models from learning good representations. While mature representation learning methods exist in computer vision and natural language processing, these pre-training methods require large-scale data. It is hard to replicate these approaches in trajectory forecasting due to the lack of adequate trajectory data (e.g., 34K samples in the nuScenes dataset). To work around the scarcity of trajectory data, we resort to another data modality closely related to trajectories-HD-maps, which is abundantly provided in existing datasets. In this paper, we propose PreTraM, a self-supervised pre-training scheme via connecting trajectories and maps for trajectory forecasting. Specifically, PreTraM consists of two parts: 1) Trajectory-Map Contrastive Learning, where we project trajectories and maps to a shared embedding space with cross-modal contrastive learning, and 2) Map Contrastive Learning, where we enhance map representation with contrastive learning on large quantities of HD-maps. On top of popular baselines such as AgentFormer and Trajectron++, PreTraM boosts their performance by 5.5% and 6.9% relatively in FDE-10 on the challenging nuScenes dataset. We show that PreTraM improves data efficiency and scales well with model size.
A 6 gene molecular predictor of lapatinib related benefit: from cell line models to clinical trials. (2009)

Abstract Abstract #58 Background: Identification of molecular predictors of response is an important aspect of individualized cancer treatment. Responses to lapatinib (L), an oral inhibitor of HER2 and EGFR, approved in combination with capecitabine for HER2+ metastatic breast cancer (MBC), were evaluated in a panel of BC cell lines. Computational approaches were used to identify transcripts that quantitatively associate with response to L in the cell line panel that were then tested in 2 clinical trials.&amp;#x2028; Methods: The clinical utility of a 6-gene predictor was tested retrospectively using a branched-chain DNA assay in paraffin-embedded archival tumor tissue from patients (pts) with HER2 negative or untested MBC tumors enrolled in a phase III trial of paclitaxel (P) vs. P+L, and from pts with HER2 positive MBC enrolled in a L monotherapy trial. Expression of HER2 transcript using the branched-chain assay was compared with HER2 fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) status; discordant cases were analyzed. Response patterns for pts with HER2+ tumors and a computational model that predicts L sensitivity or resistance is described.&amp;#x2028; Results: Ingenuity analysis of the mRNA predictors of response to L identified in the BC cell line panel revealed saturated gene networks with HER2 as a major node. The 6-gene predictor of response was comprised of 2 genes associated with sensitivity to L: HER2 and GRB7; 4 genes associated with resistance to L: CRK, ACOT9, FLJ31079, and DDX5. Expression results for the 6 genes and progression-free survival (PFS) data were available for 159 pts on L+P. Median PFS in the branched-chain HER2+ group was 32.9 wks vs. 22.4 wks in the HER2-negative group. The 6-gene predictor was used to predict response to L in the HER2+ pts. Comparison of PFS in the 24 “L sensitive” tumors vs. 25 “L resistant” tumors indicated that the predictor, derived from cell-line analyses, had the potential to predict clinical response to L in pts treated with L+P (HR=0.58; 95% CI=0.30-1.11; p=0.07). The 6-gene predictor was further tested in an independent L monotherapy study in pts with HER2 FISH+ MBC. Comparison of PFS in the 24 “L sensitive” tumors vs. 28 “ L resistant” tumors reconfirmed the potential of the 6-gene predictor to enrich for HER2+ pts most likely to experience clinical benefit from L (HR=0.40; 95% CI=0.19-0.84; p=0.015). Further testing is ongoing.&amp;#x2028; Conclusions: This study suggests that molecular predictors of clinical response can be developed through an analysis of response from a collection of 50 BC cell lines. The identification of a L specific 6-gene assay is promising as a clinical predictor of benefit from L in pts with HER2+ BC. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 58.
Correlating Preparative Approaches with Electrochemical Performance of Fe3O4-MWNT Composites Used as Anodes in Li-Ion Batteries (2017)

Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles (NPs) with an average size of 8-10 nm and a loading ratio of 50 wt% have been successfully attached onto the external surfaces of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) by means of three different preparative approaches, namely a sonication method, a covalent attachment protocol, as well as a non-covalent π-π interaction strategy. Specifically, the Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> NPs associated with the sonication method lie directly on the outer surfaces of the MWNTs. Particles covalently attached onto the MWNTs formed amide chemical bonds through the mediation of the amorphous (3- aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES) linker. Finally, particles were anchored noncovalently onto the underlying conjugated MWNTs via an aromatic 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (4-MBA) linker. Both structural and electrochemical characterization protocols have been used to systematically correlate the electrode performance with the corresponding attachment strategies. Fe3O4-MWNT composites generated by the π-π interaction strategy delivered 813, 768, 729, 796, 630, 580, 522, and 762 mAh/g under rates of 200, 400, 800, 100, 1200, 1600, 2000, and 100 mA/g, with 72% retention between cycles 2 and 80, demonstrating both higher capacity and better cycling stability as compared with analogues derived from the physical sonication as well as covalent attachment strategies. This finding may be attributed to the enhanced charge and ion transport coupled with retention of physical contact with the underlying MWNTs after a large volume change during cycling. Our collective results suggest that the non-covalent π-π attachment modality is a more effective preparative strategy for enhancing the performance of MWNT-Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> composite electrodes after a full discharge process.
Low thermal-budget silicon sealed-cavity microencapsulation process (2011)

This work demonstrates the application of pulsed-laser processing for sealing release holes in silicon membranes. Holes in the membrane are sealed without deposition, similar to the silicon surface migration sealing process. In contrast to the 1100°C furnace anneal required for the migration process, the pulsed-laser process localizes the heat to the top few microns of the substrate, with the bulk kept at near to room temperature. In addition, there is no need for special surface treatment, or for a controlled environment. Furthermore, the treatment can be applied to selected regions of the substrate.
Active catheter tracking using parallel MRI and real‐time image reconstruction (2006)

Abstract In this work active MR catheter tracking with automatic slice alignment was combined with an autocalibrated parallel imaging technique. Using an optimized generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisitions (GRAPPA) algorithm with an acceleration factor of 2, we were able to reduce the acquisition time per image by 34%. To accelerate real‐time GRAPPA image reconstruction, the coil sensitivities were updated only after slice reorientation. For a 2D trueFISP acquisition (160 × 256 matrix, 80% phase matrix, half Fourier acquisition, TR = 3.7 ms, GRAPPA factor = 2) real‐time image reconstruction was achieved with up to six imaging coils. In a single animal experiment the method was used to steer a catheter from the vena cava through the beating heart into the pulmonary vasculature at an image update rate of about five images per second. Under all slice orientations, parallel image reconstruction was accomplished with only minor image artifacts, and the increased temporal resolution provided a sharp delineation of intracardial structures, such as the papillary muscle. Magn Reson Med, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Absence of microRNA‐155 protects against pressure overload‐induced cardiac inflammation and failure (2012)

Cardiac hypertrophy, accompanied by progressive inflammation, and consequent heart failure (HF) continue to burden Western society. We show that miR‐155, a microRNA expressed by cardiac macrophages, stimulates the secretion of pro‐hypertrophic and ‐ inflammatory factors by macrophages and thereby causes adverse inflammation and HF. We subjected miR‐155 knockout (KO), wild type (WT) and antagomiR‐treated mice to pressure overload by angiotensin II or transverse aortic constriction to induce cardiac hypertrophy, inflammation and failure. Absence of miR‐155 inhibited the cardiac hypertrophic response and hampered cardiac macrophage activity. Bone marrow transplantation with miR‐155 KO and WT mice confirmed that miR‐155 in the macrophage mediates cardiac hypertrophy. It does so by repressing its direct target Suppressor of Cytokine Signalling‐1, leading to increased cytokine secretion and STAT3 activity, both implicated in cardiac inflammation and hypertrophy. These findings demonstrate the causative relation between inflammatory signalling and HF, and implicate microRNA‐155 as a therapeutic target in heart failure.
Laser Suture Lysis Through Thick Blebs Using the Blumenthal Lens (2006)

Laser suture lysis is commonly performed after trabeculectomy and is titrated to control postoperative flow through the filter to a target intraocular pressure. 1 Originally, the flat edge of a Zeiss 4-mirror lens was used to compress the conjunctiva and Tenon capsule to view the sutures. The Hoskins lens designed for suture lysis improved the view and allowed eyelid elevation for better exposure. The Ritch suture lysis lens was designed to provide good compression and a reasonably wide field of view that helps in locating sutures. 2 Recently, the Blumenthal lens was introduced for suture lysis.
Dialogue Act Modeling for Non-Visual Web Access (2014)

Speech-enabled dialogue systems have the potential to enhance the ease with which blind individuals can interact with the Web beyond what is possible with screen readers -the currently available assistive technology which narrates the textual content on the screen and provides shortcuts to navigate the content.In this paper, we present a dialogue act model towards developing a speech enabled browsing system.The model is based on the corpus data that was collected in a wizard-of-oz study with 24 blind individuals who were assigned a gamut of browsing tasks.The development of the model included extensive experiments with assorted feature sets and classifiers; the outcomes of the experiments and the analysis of the results are presented.
Performance characteristics for the series-parallel resonant converter (1994)

This paper presents a new circuit topology known as series-parallel resonant converter (SPRC), which is a combination of both the series resonant converter (SRC) and the parallel resonant converter (PRC) topologies. This topology has several advantages when compared to the individual SRC and PRC. For example, the SPRC can operate under open load conditions, and it allows for zero-current switching operation. Using the steepest descent algorithm, the state-plane equations are numerically solved to obtain the performance characteristic curves. Based on these curves, a converter design procedure can be devised. A specific design example is given.
Electronic Effects on the Selectivity of Pd‐Catalyzed CN Bond‐Forming Reactions Using Biarylphosphine Ligands: The Competitive Roles of Amine Binding and Acidity (2007)

Electronic influence: Correlation between the relative binding constants of amines to isolated [SPhosPd(Ph)Cl] (SPhos=2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2′,6′-dimethoxy-1,1′-biphenyl) and the pKa of the amine complexes shows that the selectivity in the catalytic arylation of amines is influenced by the electronic properties of the amine. Selectivities observed in CN cross-coupling reactions using neutral amines can be reversed using lithium amides.
Cell Labeling and Tracking Method without Distorted Signals by Phagocytosis of Macrophages (2014)

Cell labeling and tracking are important processes in understanding biologic mechanisms and the therapeutic effect of inoculated cells in vivo. Numerous attempts have been made to label and track inoculated cells in vivo; however, these methods have limitations as a result of their biological effects, including secondary phagocytosis of macrophages and genetic modification. Here, we investigated a new cell labeling and tracking strategy based on metabolic glycoengineering and bioorthogonal click chemistry. We first treated cells with tetra-acetylated N-azidoacetyl-D-mannosamine to generate unnatural sialic acids with azide groups on the surface of the target cells. The azide-labeled cells were then transplanted to mouse liver, and dibenzyl cyclooctyne-conjugated Cy5 (DBCO-Cy5) was intravenously injected into mice to chemically bind with the azide groups on the surface of the target cells in vivo for target cell visualization. Unnatural sialic acids with azide groups could be artificially induced on the surface of target cells by glycoengineering. We then tracked the azide groups on the surface of the cells by DBCO-Cy5 in vivo using bioorthogonal click chemistry. Importantly, labeling efficacy was enhanced and false signals by phagocytosis of macrophages were reduced. This strategy will be highly useful for cell labeling and tracking.
Compliant Mechanism Configurations for Vehicle Suspension Systems (2004)

This paper explores the use of compliant mechanisms or flexible beams in vehicle suspension systems. An example of a compliant suspension mechanism is the leaf spring suspension commonly found on trucks. New concepts are developed through rigid-body replacement synthesis and other methods with the objective of improving wheel control. The compliant A-arm is discussed and shown to be a promising concept for further research based on FEA results and other comparisons. The A-Arm concept performs well in controlling wheel deflections and has low stress values in response to control forces when compared to other compliant concepts considered and leaf spring configurations. The A-Arm uses less space than than the other compliant concepts considered and the potential cost of manufacture and assembly is potentially equal to current leaf spring congifurations.
gld/gld mice are unable to express a functional ligand for Fas (1994)

Mice homozygous for either the lpr or gld genes develop phenotypically identical autoimmune disorders. The gene responsible for the pathology in lpr/lpr mice encodes the Fas antigen, a protein associated with the induction of programmed cell death. To determine if the defect associated with gld represents a mutation in the ligand for Fas, we have assessed the ability of lymphoid cells from homozygous gld/gld mice to lyse target cells in a Fas-dependent manner. Using an antagonistic antibody to Fas, we demonstrate that activated T cells from normal and lpr mice are capable of inducing Fas-mediated lysis of tumor target cells. In contrast, activated T cells from gld/gld mice fail to induce lysis of tumor targets, although cells from gld mice are able to lyse specific allogeneic targets following mixed lymphocyte culture. In addition, activated T cells from gld/gld homozygous animals are not capable of binding to a Fas.Fc fusion protein at high levels, whereas activated T cells from normal and lpr/lpr animals bind Fas.Fc efficiently. These data indicate that mice homozygous for gld are unable to express a functional ligand for Fas.
THE DISTRIBUTIONAL IMPLICATIONS OF THE 1986 TAX REFORM (1991)

In this paper, we examine the tax burden changes in the personal and corporate income taxes induced by the Tax Reform Act of 1986. We develop a comprehensive definition of household income and calculate the tax due in the pre-and post-reform period for households. The Tax Reform Act of 1986 increases tax burdens in the first income decile, contrary to what other analysts report. However, we do find that the Tax Reform Act shifted the distribution of tax burden to the higher income deciles, especially when the corporate income tax burden is allocated to each household.
Computer vision for automatic inspection of complex metal patterns on multichip modules (MCM-D) (1995)

Computer vision techniques have been developed and implemented in a high volume manufacturing environment for automatic optical inspection (AOI) of multichip modules with thin films (MCM-D). Inspection-of complex thin film metal patterns for critical defects despite high topological and cosmetic variation is discussed in this paper. An Orbot TF501 inspection platform was used to implement the procedures and algorithms. The techniques presented are capable of detecting both electrical and non-electrical defects. Electrical defects include near shorts, resistive opens, and near opens such as dishdowns where there may be a local height reduction in a signal line. Non-electrical defects include wrong metallurgy, defects with height and contamination. AOI may be used to shorten cycle time, improve yields and better control latent defects.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Optimum Current Control in the Field-Weakened Region for Permanent Magnet AC Machines (2007)

This paper presents current regulation algorithm for permanent magnet AC machines that provides smooth transition in the entire field-weakened region. The algorithm offers robust and simple current regulation with maximum torque capability for permanent magnet AC machines despite significant changes in the voltage source and machine parameters. The algorithm identifies when the machine enters field-weakened region and determines the optimum d-axis and q-axis current command for the machine. In addition, the algorithm identifies when the machine reached the maximum torque per flux and it regulates current accordingly. Simulation and experimental results are presented, which prove the algorithm functionality.
Generation of Complex, Dynamic Temperature Gradients in a Disposable Microchip (2015)

We present a temperature gradient (TG) generation method using acoustothermal heating of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) by surface acoustic wave (SAW) microfluidic system. Independent and precise control of each SAW from a slanted interdigital transducer (IDT) enables a one-dimensional (1D) spatiotemporal control of temperature in a PDMS microchip. Various TGs were created in gas and liquid. The system creates switchable, dynamic and complex TGs in a disposable microchip.
Outcome in Dilated Cardiomyopathy Related to the Extent, Location, and Pattern of Late Gadolinium Enhancement (2018)

In DCM, the presence of septal LGE is associated with a large increase in the risk of death and SCD events, even when the extent is small. SCD risk is greatest with concomitant septal and free-wall LGE. The incremental value of LGE extent beyond small amounts and LGE pattern is limited.
Rotating Disk Studies in Molten Carbonates: II . Meniscus and Film Effects (1994)

The formation of an electrolyte film between the metal electrode and its insulating sheath produces experimental artifacts and complicates the interpretation of results. Three kinds of fully immersed gold electrodes have been used to study this phenomenon in molten lithium carbonate. Unless adequate precautions are taken such film formation is likely, as demonstrated at gold/alumina disk electrodes designed and fabricated for determining the diffusion coefficient and concentration of oxygen species in molten carbonates. At a stationary electrode, film formation produces a spurious voltammetric peak cathodic of the normal peroxide reduction peak in lithium carbonate. This delayed peak, believed to be due to peroxide reduction in the film region, can complicate the interpretation of voltammetric data and lead to erroneous conclusions. At a rotating disk electrode, such film formation can prevent the development of a well‐defined limiting current plateau, thereby limiting the usefulness of the electrode and preventing accurate determination of mass‐transfer parameters. Such artifacts however, can be used to one's advantage as diagnostic criteria for recognizing film formation which in turn indicates unsatisfactory design or assembly of the disk electrode.
Molecular cloning, expression, and characterization of PTPA, a protein that activates the tyrosyl phosphatase activity of protein phosphatase 2A. (1994)

PTPA, or phosphotyrosyl phosphatase activator, is a protein that stimulates the tyrosyl phosphatase activity of protein phosphatase 2A in an ATP, Mg(2+)-requiring reaction (Cayla, X., Goris, J., Hermann, J., Hendrix, P., Ozon, R., and Merevede, W. (1990) Biochemistry 29, 658-667). We constructed oligonucleotide probes based on the amino acid sequences of peptides isolated from purified PTPA and used them to probe rabbit muscle and human heart cDNA libraries. A putative full-length clone was isolated from the rabbit skeletal muscle as well as from the human heart library. The nucleotide sequence of both clones contains an open reading frame of 969 nucleotides starting from an assigned initial ATG codon and encodes for a protein of 323 amino acids. The predicted rabbit and human PTPA protein sequences show an identity of 96.6%. The predicted protein matched all the peptide sequences obtained from the rabbit skeletal muscle protein. Bacterially expressed protein, as well as the in vitro reticulocyte lysate translation product, comigrated with the purified 37-kDa protein on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. Both proteins reacted with immunopurified, anti-PTPA polyclonal antiserum. The recombinant protein was a soluble and active protein. Northern blot analysis revealed two transcripts of 2.8 and 4 kilobases, respectively, in human placenta but only one 2.8-kilobase transcript in rabbit and rat tissues. High levels of PTPA mRNA were detected in testis, which contrasted with the low levels present in skeletal muscle.
Effect of different derivatization protocols on the calculation of trophic position using amino acids compound-specific stable isotopes (2020)

Abstract Amino acids compound-specific nitrogen stable isotope (AA-CSIA) is an emerging tool in ecology for understanding trophic system dynamics. While it has been successfully used for several independent studies across a range of environments and study locations, researchers have encountered calculation issues for determining trophic position values. Most studies introduce modifications to the constants of trophic position equation calculations, but then fail to account for the equation variations when comparing the results of separate research studies. The acceptance of this approach is related to the underlying presumption that no addition of the exogenous nitrogen atom occurs in the different methods and, therefore, such variations should not affect the outcome. In this paper, we evaluate the use of the EZfaast amino acid derivatization kit (chloroformate) and compare it to the isotopic results of two other derivatization methods. We highlight new considerations for working with AA-CSIA that might account for some of the variations in the results and lead researchers to modify constants in the equation. This likely requires developing the unique constants per derivatization method in order to be able to compare the trophic position results across different studies.