gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nanocarriers Made of Proteins: Intracellular Visualization of a Smart Biodegradable Drug Delivery System (2022)

This work analyzes the intracellular fate of protein-based nanocarriers along their endolysosomal pathway by means of correlative light and electron microscopy methods. To unambiguously identify the nanocarriers and their degradation remnants in the cellular environment, they are labeled with fluorescent, inorganic nanoplatelets. This allows tracking the nanocarriers on their intracellular pathway by means of electron microscopy imaging. From the present data, it is possible to identify different cell compartments in which the nanocarriers are processed. Finally, three different terminal routes for the intracellular destiny of the nanocarriers are presented. These findings are important to reveal the degradation process of protein nanocapsules and contribute to the understanding of the therapeutic success of an encapsulated drug.
The identification of a peptide in human parotid saliva particularly active in enhancing the glycolytic activity of the salivary micro-organisms (1975)

A factor in saliva responsible for markedly activating the glycolytic activity of micro-organisms was isolated from parotid secretions and identified as a small basic peptide. Analysis of the peptide showed a high proportion of histidine, lysine and arginine. Its minimum molecular weight was calculated to be between 2500 and 3000.
Model analysis of factors influencing the prediction of muscle forces at the knee (1988)

A three-dimensional stochastic mathematical muscle model of the knee joint has been developed and applied to a study in which the influence of both mechanical and physiological factors were examined in relation to the prediction of muscular forces about the joint. The model includes a representation of the proximal portion of the tibia and distal portion of the femur along with a mathematical expression of the patellar mechanism and 13 muscles crossing the knee joint. The model accounts for the rolling and gliding movement of the tibial-femoral articulation. The computational technique involves equilibrating three components of external moments at the knee joint to the internal moments generated by muscular forces and soft tissue. The variables contained in the moment equilibrium equation are randomly chosen based on the choice of the tibial-femoral contact point. The randomness of the variables, reflected in the final solution, defines a stochastic process in the context of the present model. Studies with the model indicated that a very important mechanical aspect of the model was the capability to simulate the moving contact point between the tibia and femur. The moving contact point increased the mechanical advantage of the quadriceps muscles by 50%, which corresponded to in vivo EMG measurements. Muscle force predictions during normal gait have shown the capability of the model to determine the presence of synergistic and antagonistic muscle action.
Effect of Single-Bundle and Double-Bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstructions on Pivot-Shift Kinematics in Anterior Cruciate Ligament– and Meniscus-Deficient Knees (2010)

Double-bundle ACL reconstruction procedures may be preferred in cases of high-grade instability or meniscus deficiency.
Scalable macromodelling methodology for the efficient design of microwave filters (2016)

The complexity of the design of microwave filters increases steadily over the years. General design techniques available in literature yield relatively good initial designs, but electromagnetic (EM) optimisation is often needed to meet the specifications. Although interesting optimisation strategies exist, they depend on computationally expensive EM simulations. This makes the optimisation process time consuming. Moreover, brute force optimisation does not provide physical insights into the design and it is only applicable to one set of specifications. If the specifications change, the design and optimisation process must be redone. The authors propose a scalable macromodel‐based design approach to overcome this. Scalable macromodels can be generated in an automated way. So far the inclusion of scalable macromodels in the design cycle of microwave filters has not been studied. In this study, it is shown that scalable macromodels can be included in the design cycle of microwave filters and re‐used in multiple design scenarios at low computational cost. Guidelines to properly generate and use scalable macromodels in a filter design context are given. The approach is illustrated on a state‐of‐the‐art microstrip dual‐band bandpass filter with closely spaced pass bands and a complex geometrical structure. The results confirm that scalable macromodels are proper design tools and a valuable alternative to a computationally expensive EM simulator‐based design flow.
Foam-based Left Atrial Appendage Closure (CLAAS) Device: Evaluation in a Chronic Canine Model (2022)

The CLAAS implant can be deployed providing a good seal for up to 150 days without signs of local or systemic toxicity in a canine model.
10108 Volta Potential Profile of Droplet Area and Shape of Watermark (2015)

To reveal the mechanism of watermark formation on a Cu film, the Volta potential in a droplet area on Cu was evaluated using the scanning Kelvin-probe method. The droplet area on Cu exhibited an upward convex potential profile, indicating that the electrochemical reactions were more active in the areas around the droplet than at the center of the droplet. On the other hand, Si exhibited a profile converse to that of Cu: electrochemical reactions were more active at the center of the droplet area than in the areas around it. These evaluations revealed that the pinning and ring-shaped watermark formation at the droplet area on a Cu film resulted from the said Volta potential profile.
Pharmacodynamic Characterization of the Efficacy Signals Due to Selective BRAF Inhibition with PLX4032 in (2010)

PURPOSE: About 65% to 70% of melanomas harbor a mutation in v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF) that causes the steady-state activation of extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK). We sought to investigate the efficacy of PLX4032 (BRAF inhibitor) to identify patterns/predictors of response/resistance and to study the effects of BRAF in melanoma. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Well-characterized melanoma cell lines, including several with acquired drug resistance, were exposed to PLX4032. Growth inhibition, phosphosignaling, cell cycle, apoptosis, and gene expression analyses were performed before and after exposure to drug. RESULTS: Using a growth-adjusted inhibitory concentration of 50% cutoff of 1 μM, 13 of 35 cell lines were sensitive to PLX4032, 16 resistant, and 6 intermediate (37%, 46%, and 17% respectively). PLX4032 caused growth inhibition, G0/G1 arrest, and restored apoptosis in the sensitive cell lines. A BRAF mutation predicted for but did not guarantee a response, whereas a neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog mutation or wild-type BRAF conferred resistance. Cells with concurrent BRAF mutations and melanocortin 1 receptor germ line variants and/or a more differentiated melanocyte genotype had a preferential response. Acquired PLX4032 resistance reestablishes ERK signaling, promotes a nonmelanocytic genotype, and is associated with an increase in the gene expression of certain metallothioneins and mediators of angiogenesis. CONCLUSIONS: PLX4032 has robust activity in BRAF mutated melanoma. The preclinical use of this molecule identifies criteria for its proper clinical application, describes patterns of and reasons for response/resistance, and affords insight into the role of a BRAF mutation in melanoma.
Digital Communications: Courses and Exercises with Solutions (2015)

Digital communications plays an important role in numerical transmission systems due to the proliferation of radio beams, satellite, optic fibbers, radar, and mobile wireless systems. This book provides the fundamentals and basic design techniques of digital communications with an emphasis on the systems of telecommunication and the principles of baseband transmission. With a focus on examples and exercises, this book will prepare you with a practical and real-life treatment of communication problems.This book provides: A complete analysis of the structures used for emission or reception technologyA set of approaches for implementation in current and future circuit designA summary of the design steps with examples and exercises for each circuit
Evolved DNA Duplex Readers for Strand-Asymmetrically Modified 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine/5-Methylcytosine CpG Dyads (2022)

5-Methylcytosine (mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (hmC), the two main epigenetic modifications of mammalian DNA, exist in symmetric and asymmetric combinations in the two strands of CpG dyads. However, revealing such combinations in single DNA duplexes is a significant challenge. Here, we evolve methyl-CpG-binding domains (MBDs) derived from MeCP2 by bacterial cell surface display, resulting in the first affinity probes for hmC/mC CpGs. One mutant has low nanomolar affinity for a single hmC/mC CpG, discriminates against all 14 other modified CpG dyads, and rivals the selectivity of wild-type MeCP2. Structural studies indicate that this protein has a conserved scaffold and recognizes hmC and mC with two dedicated sets of residues. The mutant allows us to selectively address and enrich hmC/mC-containing DNA fragments from genomic DNA backgrounds. We anticipate that this novel probe will be a versatile tool to unravel the function of hmC/mC marks in diverse aspects of chromatin biology.
Role of Chromatin Structure and Distal Enhancers in Tissue-specific Transcriptional Regulation In Vitro (1998)

Appropriate differentiation and development of higherorganisms require precisely regulated expression of multiple genes. The primary control for most genes is exertedat the level of transcription. This involves the combinatorial action of tissue-specific and ubiquitous transcriptionfactors acting at regulatory sequences that are proximal(promoters) or distal (enhancers, insulators, silencers,and locus control regions [LCRs]) to a gene. The existence of functionally distinct cis-acting elements indicates that the high degree of regulation involved in coordinated gene expression within a complex organismrequires more intricate circuitry than a simple promotercan provide to turn genes on and off. A critical aspect ofthis circuitry and coordination is the regulation imposedupon genes within a complex nuclear environment...
Integrating 3D Seismic and Geostatistics; Building a 3D Model of a Tertiary Deltaic and Shallow Marine Deposit, Malay Basin, Offshore Gulf of Thailand (2000)

Abstract This paper will present a practical implementation of geostatisticalmethodologies through a case study in the Malay Basin of the Gulf of Thailand. The field is Tertiary in age and has been identified as a tide dominated deltawith associated shallow marine deposits. The reservoir consists of eightsequences defined from well logs, borehole images, core data and 3D seismic. The conceptual model derived from the data reveals adetailed reservoir facies architecture consisting of a tide dominated clastic shallow marine and deltaicenvironment. Distinctive sedimentological structure and texture in eachsedimentological facies can be observed from well data. Seismic attributeimages extracted for individual sedimentological layers provided important information about the distribution pattern of the facies. These data were usedto construct a complex 3D-reservoir model utilizing the principles ofstochastic modeling. The final upscaled models preserved the criticalheterogeneities and were prepared for fluid flow studies. Introduction Geostatistical approaches have become popular over the last few yearsbecause they have proven to be very successful in modeling complex hydrocarbonreservoirs. In addition to its ability to use both quantitative and qualitative data, and incorporate geologic or geophysical trends including seismicattribute data, geostatistics provides a rigorous framework for assessing theuncertainties of model results. The modeling process is neither simple norfast, but results provide for a better understanding of reservoir heterogeneityits implications on field development. Seismic Integration and 3D Modeling In order to get a best understanding of the complicated reservoir faciesarchitecture, an integrated study was carried out based on seismic data, welllogs, borehole image, core data and previous studies of regional geology. Different geostatistical techniques were used to incorporate the geologicalinformation into the 3D geological computer model.
Submodule Capacitance Monitoring Approach for the MMC With Asymptotically Converged Error (2023)

To reduce noise interferences and improve the steady-state estimation accuracy of submodule (SM) capacitors, a novel SM capacitance monitoring approach has been proposed for the modular multilevel converter in this article. First, the fundamental frequency (FF) component is analyzed to be dominant of the capacitor voltage squared. Then, based on the energy equation <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">W</i> = <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Cv</i> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /2, half of the FF capacitor voltage squared is selected as the input variable, and the FF capacitor energy calculated by power integral is selected as the feedback component. By proper design of the estimation law, closed-loop capacitance monitoring can be achieved with reduced noise interference. Furthermore, based on the Lyapunov stability criterion, the estimation parameter is designed so that the estimation error asymptotically converges to zero. Compared with the conventional methods, the proposed approach is easy to implement and requires no operation interruption of the monitored SM. Simulation and experimental results indicate that by the proposed approach, the estimation error of the SM capacitance can be limited to 1%.
Abstract 4669: Does Long-QT Syndrome Involve the Sinus Node? (2008)

Background: The hallmark of Long QT Syndrome (LQTS) is a prolongation of the ventricular electrical action potential caused by mutations involving key cardiac ion channels on the surface membrane of ventricular myocytes. Different mutations are associated with specific modes of arrhythmia initiation and distinct changes in cardiac rhythm prior to these events. We hypothesized that some LQTS-causing mutations might involve the sinus node, leading to aberrations in cardiac rhythm. To test this hypothesis, we examined the features of cardiac rhythm in 23 genotyped patients with LQTS and 14 matched controls (C) using Holter ECG data (6hrs). Methods: QRS-complexes were identified using custom software and verified by an experienced ECG reader; series of sinus beats were extracted and gaps in time series were linearly interpolated. The mean, max, and min heart rate (HR), the time (SD, SDNN, SDANN, RMSSD, pNN50) and frequency-domain (Total (TP), Very low (VLF), Low (LF), High (HF) frequency powers, and LF/HF) indices of heart rate variability (HRV) were calculated in each 5-min interval and over the entire recording. The short-long-short irregularity was examined using the novel multiscale rhythmogenetic analysis (MRA), which quantifies changes in the HRV indices during the transition from one time-scale window to another. Results: The maximum heart rate was slower in LQTS than in C (101±13 and 119±19bpm, p=0.001). The high-frequency power (HF) was lower in LQTS than in C (80±76 and 113±58ms 2 , p&lt;0.05). However, the short-term irregularity (quantified by the difference in RMSSD between the 75ms and 2000ms time scales) was 4 times greater in LQTS compared to C (p=0.003). Inclusion or exclusion of two patents who were on β-blockers did not change the results. Conclusions: LQTS is associated with specific changes in cardiac rhythm, including: diminished acceleration capacity, decreased high-frequency power, and enhanced short-long-short irregularity. This suggests that LQTS involves channel modifications in the sinus node, which might contribute to arrhythmogenesis. Rhythm characterization in genetic sub-types of LQTS might improve arrhythmia risk stratification in this heterogeneous patient population.
Nanomedicine for intracellular therapy (2012)

Intracellular pathogens like Salmonella evade host phagocytic killing by various mechanisms. Classical antimicrobial therapy requires multiple dosages and frequent administration of drugs for a long duration. Intracellular delivery of antimicrobials using nanoparticle may effectively devise therapies for bacterial infections. This review will address the mechanisms used by Salmonella to avoid host pathogenic killing, reasons for therapeutic failure and advances in nanoparticle drug delivery technology for efficient intracellular bacterial clearance.
Impingement mixing and its effect on the microstructure of RIM polyurethanes (1986)

Abstract The effect of impingement mixing on the microstructures developed during a reaction injection molding process in a thermoplastic urethane system was investigated. The polyurethane studied was a 4,4′‐diphenylmethane diisocyanate/l,4‐butane diol/poly(propyleneoxide) end‐capped with poly(ethy1eneoxide) polyol system with a 5/4/1 molar ratio. Three different impingement mixing levels ranging from Re = 80 to Re = 210 were implemented by a laboratory RIM machine. The samples were characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), optical microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Morphologies of hard‐segment globules, hard‐segment spherulites, and soft‐segment rich matrix were observed. The multiple DSC endotherms were related to different crystalline structures. A higher level of mixing was found to increase the molecular weight and produce more paracrystalline structures. A lower mixing level produced better phase separation and spherulitic structures. High temperature annealing caused transurethanization, which may allow molecular rearrangement and change the crystalline structures.
Peculiar interference pattern of Josephson junctions involving periodic ferromagnet-normal metal structure (2018)

We report the observation of an oscillatory behavior of the critical current versus magnetic field dependence in Nb/(Al/Py)5/Al/AlOx/(Al/Py)6/Al/Nb Josephson tunnel junctions at 4.2 K. The oscillations resemble those that occur in superconducting quantum interference devices. Since the oscillations occur in the junctions without any superconducting loop, and therefore are suitable for sub-micrometer miniaturization, we believe they are promising for the development of a new generation of field-sensitive nanodevices.
S-nitrosylation: Physiological regulation of NF-κB (2004)

Aspate of recent discoveries indicates that the study of protein S-nitrosylation is rapidly leaving its salad days behind. S-nitrosylation, the formation of S -nitrosothiol (SNO) by covalent addition to cysteine (Cys) residues of a nitric oxide (NO) moiety (formally as NO+), has been shown to regulate in intact cells the function of a broad spectrum of proteins (1). Important recent findings include demonstrations of major roles for S-nitrosylation in vesicle-mediated insulin release (2), in protein processing associated with the neurodegeneration of Parkinson's disease (3), and in the essential mechanisms of vectorial membrane trafficking (4). In this issue of PNAS, Reynaert et al. (5) lend a hand in the unveiling of S-nitrosylation as it operates in cellular context by elucidating a role in regulating NF-κB. NF-κB denotes a ubiquitous family of transcription factors that transduce a wide range of noxious or inflammatory stimuli into the coordinated activation of multiple genes, including those coding for cytokines, cytokine receptors, adhesion molecules, and antiapoptotic proteins (6). NF-κB thus serves as a critical element in immune and inflammatory responses and in cell survival and proliferation, with central roles in host defense and in acute and chronic disorders of immune function. NF-κB can upregulate the expression of all major NO synthases (nNOS, iNOS, and eNOS).

It is well established that NF-κB is complexed with and sequestered in the cytoplasm by inhibitory IκB (inhibitor of NF-κB) proteins and that many activating stimuli induce phosphorylation of IκB by the IκB-kinase complex (IKKα, IKKβ, and IKKγ), initiate IκB ubiquitinylation and degradation by means of the 26S proteasome, and allow translocation of NF-κB to the nucleus (6). The molecular cascades that run through NF-κB present multiple loci at which oxidative/nitrosative modification could potentially modulate signal transduction, but the role of NF-κB and its attendant proteins in physiological redox responsivity …
Progressive Data Science: Potential and Challenges (2018)

Data science requires time-consuming iterative manual activities. In particular, activities such as data selection, preprocessing, transformation, and mining, highly depend on iterative trial-and-error processes that could be sped-up significantly by providing quick feedback on the impact of changes. The idea of progressive data science is to compute the results of changes in a progressive manner, returning a first approximation of results quickly and allow iterative refinements until converging to a final result. Enabling the user to interact with the intermediate results allows an early detection of erroneous or suboptimal choices, the guided definition of modifications to the pipeline and their quick assessment. In this paper, we discuss the progressiveness challenges arising in different steps of the data science pipeline. We describe how changes in each step of the pipeline impact the subsequent steps and outline why progressive data science will help to make the process more effective. Computing progressive approximations of outcomes resulting from changes creates numerous research challenges, especially if the changes are made in the early steps of the pipeline. We discuss these challenges and outline first steps towards progressiveness, which, we argue, will ultimately help to significantly speed-up the overall data science process.
Latent, Thermally Activated Organic Catalysts for the On‐Demand Living Polymerization of Lactide (2005)

Kontrolle ist alles: Alkoholaddukte stabiler N-heterocyclischer Carbene sind ausgezeichnete Einkomponenten-Katalysatoren/Initiatoren für die Ringöffnungspolymerisation von Lactid (siehe Schema). Diese Polymerisation kann in einfacher Weise durch Temperaturmodulation reversibel beendet werden. Die Verwendung multifunktioneller Makroinitiatoren ermöglicht die Synthese komplexerer Polymerarchitekturen. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2005/z500723_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.