gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Cobalt Loading on Fischer Tropsch Synthesis Over Silicon Carbide Supported Catalyst (2014)

A series of Co (5-30 wt%) based SiC supported catalysts were prepared by impregnation method and investigated for FTS reaction. The FTS reaction was carried out in a fixed bed reactor system with the H2/CO molar ratio of 2, reaction temperature of 230 degrees C and reaction pressure of 20 bar for 120 h. All catalysts were characterized by N2 physisorption, XRD, TPR, SEM and TEM techniques. It was found that 15 wt% Co/SiC catalyst showed better catalytic performance with high selectivity of C(5+) hydrocarbons than the other catalysts. The results, suggest that the catalytic performance of the catalysts depends on average pore size of support and surface density of cobalt, metal and support interactions.
Polyethylenimine-Functionalized Carbon Dots for Delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 Complexes (2021)

Carbon dots (CDs) have become the focus of many studies due to their outstanding optical properties and good biocompatibility. We investigated their potential application to produce a smart and highly efficient yet nontoxic nanovector for gene delivery. This was achieved by conjugating PEI<sub>1.8k</sub>-functionalized CDs (synthesized by one-step microwave-assisted pyrolysis) with arginine-disulfide linkers to produce CD-PEI<sub>1.8k</sub>-Arg nanoparticles. This nanovector could deliver p-CRISPR (9.3 kb) into different types of cell lines with higher efficiency compared to native PEI<sub>1.8k</sub> or PEI<sub>25k</sub>. CD-PEI<sub>1.8k</sub>-Arg also maintained its outstanding transfection efficiency at a high serum concentration and low p-CRISPR dose, compared to PEI<sub>25k,</sub> which was ineffective under those conditions. Additionally, CD-PEI<sub>1.8k</sub>-Arg could knock out the GFP gene with great efficiency by delivering the required components of CRISPR/Cas9, including a plasmid encoding Cas9, sgRNA targeting GFP, and Cas9/sgRNA ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) into the HEK 293T-GFP cells. Moreover, the nanoparticles showed potential for the local delivery of p-CRISPR into brain tissue. The remarkable properties of CD-PEI<sub>1.8k</sub>-Arg could enable the development of a safe, highly efficient gene-delivery nanovector for the treatment of various diseases in the near future.
Efficient lithium niobate waveguide for wide-dynamic-range wavelength conversion (2010)

We report an accurate measurement of χ(2) nonlinear optical effects and wide wavelength-conversion dynamic range of 50 dB in lithium niobate waveguide. Linear responses of DF power to pump and signal light are also obtained.
Deconvolution of superimposed multiplets in two dimensional NMR-correlation spectrum via selective inversion of the spin coupling partners (1990)

A new method called selective inversion soft COSY (SIS-COSY) is described. By using this method the coupling between active and passive spins can be detected. The pulse sequence consists of 3 semiselective 270 Deg pulses, which gives a spectrum consisting of 2 pos. and 2 neg. signals. The method is applied to the cis and trans isomers of 2-phenylcyclopropanecarbonic acid Me ester. [on SciFinder (R)]
The Autophagy-Lysosomal Machinery Enhances Cytotrophoblast–Syncytiotrophoblast Fusion Process (2022)

Poor placentation is closely related with the etiology of preeclampsia and may impact fetal growth restriction. For placental developmental growth, we have demonstrated that dysregulation of autophagy, a key mechanism to maintain cellular homeostasis, in trophoblasts contributes to the pathophysiology of preeclampsia, a severe pregnancy complication, associated with poor placentation. It remains, however, unknown whether autophagy inhibition affects trophoblast syncytialization. This study evaluated the effect of autophagy in an in vitro syncytialization method using BeWo cells and primary human trophoblasts (PHT). In this study, we observed that autophagic activity decreased in PHT and BeWo cells during syncytialization. This decreased activity was accompanied by downregulation of the transcription factor, TFEB. Next, bafilomycin A1, an inhibitor of autophagy via suppressing V-ATPase in lysosomes, inhibited hCG production, CYP11A1 expression (a marker of differentiation), p21 expression (a senescence marker), and cell fusion in BeWo cells and PHT cells. Finally, LLOMe, an agent inducing lysosomal damage, also inhibited syncytialization and led to TFEB downregulation. Taken together, the autophagy-lysosomal machinery plays an important role in cytotrophoblast fusion, resulting in syncytiotrophoblasts. As autophagy inhibition contributed to the failure of differentiation in cytotrophoblasts, this may result in the poor placentation observed in preeclampsia.
Supplementary Table 1 from CCT244747 Is a Novel Potent and Selective CHK1 Inhibitor with Oral Efficacy Alone and in Combination with Genotoxic Anticancer Drugs (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 76K, Supplementary Table 1 Kinome selectivity profile of CCT244747 CCT244747 was tested at 1 μM (140 enzymes) and 10 μM (121 enzymes) for inhibition of human kinases in a radiometric protein phosphorylation assay (MRC Protein Phosphorylation Unit, Dundee University, UK). Assays were conducted in the presence of ATP at the approximate Km,ATP for each kinase. Results are quoted as % control kinase activity remaining (100% = no inhibition, 0% = complete inhibition). Kinases inhibited by &gt;50% at each concentration are highlighted. n.d. = not determined.&lt;/p&gt;
Supplementary Figure 6 from Proteasome Inhibition Potentiates Antitumor Effects of Photodynamic Therapy in Mice through Induction of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Unfolded Protein Response (2023)

Supplementary Figure 6 from Proteasome Inhibition Potentiates Antitumor Effects of Photodynamic Therapy in Mice through Induction of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Unfolded Protein Response
Subband coding of digital audio signals without loss of quality (2003)

A subband coding system for high quality digital audio signals is described. To achieve low bit rates at a high quality level, it exploits the simultaneous masking effect of the human ear. It is shown how this effect can be used in an adaptive bit-allocation scheme. The proposed approach has been applied in two coding systems, a complex system in which signal is split into 26 subbands, each approximately one third of an octave wide, and a simpler 20-band system. Both systems have been designed for coding stereophonic 16-bit compact disk signals with a sampling frequency of 44.1 kHz. With the 26-band system high-quality results can be obtained at bit rates of 220 kb/s. With the 20-band system, similar results can be obtained at bit rates of 360 kb/s.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Young children pause on phrase boundaries in self-paced music listening: The role of harmonic cues (2017)

Proper segmentation of auditory streams is essential for understanding music. Many cues, including meter, melodic contour, and harmony, influence adults’ perception of musical phrase boundaries. To date, no studies have examined young children’s musical grouping in a production task. We used a musical self-pacing method to investigate (1) whether dwell times index young children’s musical phrase grouping and, if so, (2) whether children dwell longer on phrase boundaries defined by harmonic cues specifically. In Experiment 1, we asked 3-year-old children to self-pace through chord progressions from Bach chorales (sequences in which metrical, harmonic, and melodic contour grouping cues aligned) by pressing a computer key to present each chord in the sequence. Participants dwelled longer on chords in the eighth position, which corresponded to phrase endings. In Experiment 2, we tested 3-, 4-, and 7-year-old children’s sensitivity to harmonic cues to phrase grouping when metrical regularity cues and melodic contour cues were misaligned with the harmonic phrase boundaries. In this case, 7- and 4-year-olds but not 3-year-olds dwelled longer on harmonic phrase boundaries, suggesting that the influence of harmonic cues on phrase boundary perception develops substantially between 3 and 4 years of age in Western children. Overall, we show that the musical dwell time method is child-friendly and can be used to investigate various aspects of young children’s musical understanding, including phrase grouping and harmonic knowledge.
Nickel confined in 2D earth-abundant oxide layers for highly efficient and durable oxygen evolution catalysts (2020)

Low cost, high-efficiency catalysts towards water splitting are urgently required to fulfil the increasing demand for energy.
Band-edge modification and mid-infrared absorption of co-deposited Fe_xZn_1-xS thin films (2015)

The bandgap of iron-doped ZnS has been reported by others to change significantly under the addition of a few atomic percent of iron, which would have significant implications for solar energy. Here, thin films of FexZn1-xS with x = 0 to 0.24 were made by co-deposition of Fe and ZnS using thermal evaporation. In contrast to results on nanoparticles and electrodeposited materials, all co-deposited films had optical properties consistent with a direct bandgap of ~3-3.5 eV. The absorption peak at 2.7 µm from substitutional Fe2+ in the ZnS films was well isolated up to concentrations of over 2% (~1021cm−3), despite the small crystallite size, suggesting the films may have applications as mid-infrared saturable absorbers. Increasing dopant concentration resulted in band edge softening. Density functional calculations are presented and are consistent with our observations of the Fe:ZnS films, demonstrating spin-polarized midgap states and additional states at the band edge.
Method for Transferring High-Mobility CVD-Grown Graphene with Perfluoropolymers (2016)

The transfer of graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) using amorphous polymers represents a widely implemented method for graphene-based electronic device fabrication. However, the most commonly used polymer, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), leaves a residue on the graphene that limits the mobility. Here we report a method for graphene transfer and patterning that employs a perfluoropolymer---Hyflon---as a transfer handle and to protect graphene against contamination from photoresists or other polymers. CVD-grown graphene transferred this way onto LaAlO$_3$/SrTiO$_3$ heterostructures is atomically clean, with high mobility (~30,000 cm$^2$V$^{-1}$s$^{-1}$) near the Dirac point at 2 K and clear, quantized Hall and magneto-resistance. Local control of the LaAlO$_3$/SrTiO$_3$ interfacial metal-insulator transition---through the graphene---is preserved with this transfer method. The use of perfluoropolymers such as Hyflon with CVD-grown graphene and other 2D materials can readily be implemented with other polymers or photoresists.
Scheduled channel access using geographical classification (2013)

Geographical Classification Multiple Access (GCMA) is introduced for scheduled channel access in large wireless networks. GCMA uses the geo-spatial coordinates of nodes, together with their transmission and interference ranges, to define collision-free transmission schedules using deterministic distributed algorithms. These algorithms require each node to know only the geo-spatial coordinates of its immediate neighbors to derive correct transmission schedules, even in the presence of hidden terminals. The transmission frames in GCMA consist of the minimum number of time slots needed to avoid multiple access interference, given the transmission and interference ranges of the nodes. GCMA is compared against representative examples of alternative approaches to medium access control; the results of the simulation experiments show that GCMA attains higher packet-delivery ratio and better goodput with end-to-end delay comparable to the other protocols.
Marine sponge aquaculture towards drug development: An ongoing history of technical, ecological, chemical considerations and challenges (2021)

Marine sponges have a long history of farming, starting with bath sponges over 5000 years ago in the Mediterranean. Many species have since been found appropriate for distinct types of commercial assessment. Drug development relies on the isolation of sponge-derived secondary metabolites as natural compounds having a wide range of ecological functions, from deterring predation to preventing microbial infection/proliferation on the sponge body. For human society, they feature a broad array of pharmacological properties with some applications still being discovered. Their limited supply has however been faced as a major obstacle to the conduct of clinical trials. Marine aquaculture has to prove more integrated and sustainable to remain an interesting way to ensure sufficient amounts of biological substances for the early processing and production of drugs. This review presents sponge farming methods that were tested, the undergoing challenges they faced and the interest they raised on environmental and metabolic factors to explain contrasting spatiotemporal performances. Through global experiments, sometimes involving other marine organisms, technicity of sponge aquaculture has long been evolving to ensure efficient and cost-effective strategies. Further ways to make sponge farming more attractive and diversify its commercial applications are investigated, such as recent studies in collagen or chitin production for bone tissue engineering or bioremediation as an alternative to existing wastewater management. Overall, marine sponges exhibit astonishing intra and interspecific variation, which is why they should be considered with respect to the purpose of their economic valuation, their environmental context and all the symbiotic interactions they rely on.
THE BERKELEY DATA ANALYSIS SYSTEM (BDAS): AN OPEN SOURCE PLATFORM FOR BIG DATA ANALYTICS (2017)

Abstract : The goal of this proposal was to deliver a modular open-source software stack that can support a new generation of large-scale analytic tools that provide answers over arbitrarily large datasets. This work was carried out by Berkeley's AMPLab, a research lab consisting of eleven faculty members and over 40 students. In addition to this grant, AMPLab (which ended in December 2016) was supported by industry affiliates and an NSF Expeditions grant. This grant was instrumental in improving our software stack, Berkeley Data Analytic System (BDAS), so that it can serve as a platform for the broader community. In particular, this grant enabled us to implement significant portions of the code-bases, integrate BDAS with commonly used tools, and make BDAS much easier to manage. In addition, it allowed us to extend the functionality of BDAS in several key area, including streaming, and query processing. Thanks to xData, BDAS has enjoyed a big success both in academia and industry. Today, Apache Spark is used by thousands of companies in production and counts over 400K meetup members worldwide, while Apache Mesos and Alluxio (formerly known as Tachyon) are used by hundreds of companies around the world.
Self-Supervised Deep Equilibrium Models for Inverse Problems with Theoretical Guarantees (2022)

Deep equilibrium models (DEQ) have emerged as a powerful alternative to deep unfolding (DU) for image reconstruction. DEQ models-implicit neural networks with effectively infinite number of layers-were shown to achieve state-of-the-art image reconstruction without the memory complexity associated with DU. While the performance of DEQ has been widely investigated, the existing work has primarily focused on the settings where groundtruth data is available for training. We present self-supervised deep equilibrium model (SelfDEQ) as the first self-supervised reconstruction framework for training model-based implicit networks from undersampled and noisy MRI measurements. Our theoretical results show that SelfDEQ can compensate for unbalanced sampling across multiple acquisitions and match the performance of fully supervised DEQ. Our numerical results on in-vivo MRI data show that SelfDEQ leads to state-of-the-art performance using only undersampled and noisy training data.
A Multicast Approach for Constructive Interference Precoding in MISO\n Downlink Channel (2014)

This paper studies the concept of jointly utilizing the data\ninformation(DI)and channel state information (CSI) in order to design\nsymbol-level precoders for a multiple input and single output (MISO) downlink\nchannel. In this direction, the interference among the simultaneous data\nstreams is transformed to useful signal that can improve the signal to\ninterference noise ratio (SINR) of the downlink transmissions. We propose a\nmaximum ratio transmissions (MRT) based algorithm that jointly exploits DI and\nCSI to gain the benefits from these useful signals. In this context, a novel\nframework to minimize the power consumption is proposed by formalizing the\nduality between the constructive interference downlink channel and the\nmulticast channels. The numerical results have shown that the proposed schemes\noutperform other state of the art techniques.\n
Metabolic Profiling of Plants (1991)

An analytical procedure for the metabolic profiling of plant material based on extraction, silylation and capillary gas chromatography (GC) has been developed. The method allows the quantification of a large variety of common plant metabolites in a single chromatogram. In several series of growth chamber experiments, barley seedlings were treated with various herbicides at sublethal doses and with bioregulators. In each case, the peak intensities in the resulting profiles were compared with those from untreated plant profiles. Computer assisted evaluation of the resulting data revealed that, generally, the treatments give reproducible "response patterns" characteristic of the respective treatment. The examples given show that metabolic profiling is useful in classifying compounds of known or unknown modes of action on the basis of the characteristic response patterns. Moreover, in principle, metabolic profiling of plants allows screening for compounds that cause new types of physiological responses. This may give some ideas about unknown modes of action.
In search of natural quasicrystals (2012)

The concept of quasicrystals was first introduced twenty-eight years ago and, since then, over a hundred types have been discovered in the laboratory under precisely controlled physical conditions designed to avoid crystallization. Yet the original theory suggested that quasicrystals can potentially be as robust and stable as crystals, perhaps even forming naturally. These considerations motivated a decade-long search for a natural quasicrystal culminating in the discovery of icosahedrite (Al(63)Cu(24)Fe(13)), an icosahedral quasicrystal found in a rock sample composed mainly of khatyrkite (crystalline (Cu,Zn)Al(2)) labeled as coming from the Koryak Mountains of far eastern Russia. In this paper, we review the search and discovery, the analysis showing the sample to be of extraterrestrial origin and the initial results of an extraordinary geological expedition to the Koryak Mountains to seek further evidence.
Separating Physically Distinct Mechanisms in Complex Infrared Plasmonic Nanostructures via Machine Learning Enhanced Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (2021)

Abstract Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) enables direct exploration of plasmonic phenomena at the nanometer level. To isolate individual plasmon modes, linear unmixing methods can be used to separate different physical mechanisms, but in larger and more complex systems the interpretability of the components becomes uncertain. Here, infrared plasmonic resonances in self‐assembled heterogeneous monolayer films of doped‐semiconductor nanoparticles are examined beyond linear unmixing techniques, and both supervised and unsupervised machine‐learning‐based analyses of hyperspectral EELS datasets are demonstrated. In the supervised approach, a human operator labels a small number of pixels in the hyperspectral dataset corresponding to features of interest which are then propagated across the entire dataset. In the unsupervised approach, non‐linear autoencoders are used to create a highly‐reduced latent‐space representation of the dataset, within which insight into the relevant physics can be gleaned from straightforward distance metrics that do not depend on operator input and bias. The advantage of these approaches is that the labeling separates physical mechanisms without altering the data, enabling robust analyses of the influence of heterogeneities in mesoscale complex systems.
Characterization of isotactic polypropylene obtained with ethylenebis(4,5,6,7‐tetrahydro‐1‐indenyl)zirconium dichloride as catalyst (1989)

Abstract Polypropylene (PP) prepared with ethylenebis(4,5,6,7‐tetrahydro‐1‐indenyl)zirconium dichloride in conjunction with methylaluminoxane yields 58 wt.‐% of material insoluble in boiling heptane (C 7 ). The C 7 ‐soluble and the C 7 ‐insoluble fraction exhibit high isotacticity, viz. 97,2% and 98,2%, respectively, relatively narrow molecular weight distribution (weight‐ to number‐average molecular weight M̄ w /M̄ n = 2,19 for the whole polymer), a small amount of regioirregular units arranged with meso‐placements and relatively low melting points, i.e., 151,3°C for the C 7 ‐soluble and 153,2°C for the C 7 ‐insoluble fraction in spite of high isotacticity.
A 45nm low-power SAW-less WCDMA transmit modulator using direct quadrature voltage modulation (2009)

In FDD systems such as WCDMA and LTE, TX and RX operate simultaneously, while the duplexer provides the necessary isolation between them. In order not to desensitize the RX path, the TX noise in WCDMA band 1 has to be lower than −155dBc/Hz at 190MHz offset (RX band), given a 45dB TX-to-RX isolation from the duplexer [1]. Furthermore, when transmitting at 1920MHz, the nearest frequency offset to the DCS band (1805 to 1880MHz) is 40MHz. At this offset typical WCDMA duplexers only offer a few dB of attenuation. To comply with the 3GPP emissions mask, the TX noise at −40MHz offset is expected be lower than −148dBc/Hz (with 3dB margin). Currently there is a growing demand to integrate WCDMA and GPS applications in the same mobile device. In order not to interfere with the GPS receiver, the far-out noise floor of the WCDMA TX is also desired to be very low.
Uplink synchronous WCDMA combined with variable modulation and coding (2003)

Previous studies show a high potential capacity gain for uplink synchronous WCDMA systems in low dispersive environments when users in the same cell are separated by orthogonal codes. However, the number of available orthogonal codes tends to limit the capacity gain of this scheme. In this paper, variable modulation and coding is introduced as a solution to improve the channelization code utilization per user equipment and thereby increase the capacity of uplink synchronous WCDMA. The radio resource management algorithms to support this scheme are presented. Theoretical and simulation results on the capacity gain of uplink synchronous WCDMA combined with variable modulation and coding are presented. A 29% capacity gain is obtained for a pedestrian micro-cell environment.