gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aberration correction in ultrasonic medical imaging with time-reversal techniques (1997)

Degradation of image quality is currently observed with ultrasonic scanners owing to distortion of the ultrasonic beams through inhomogeneous tissue layers. Adaptive time-delay focusing techniques allow an efficient correction of these effects when the inhomogeneous layer is close to the transducer array. If the aberrating layers are far from the array, these techniques are no longer appropriate to correct the propagation effects between the layer and the transducer array. In this article we show that time-reversal mirrors can solve this problem. In the matched-filter approach that extends the concept of time reversal mirrors, the Green's function of a dominant scatterer available in the medium is recorded in digital memory and used to focus on the scatterer in both transmit and receive modes. An extension of this technique is also presented to focus, in the presence of an aberrating layer, not only on the dominant scatterer, but also around it to image the surrounding zone. From the knowledge of the Green's function needed to focus on the initial scatterer, new Green's functions matched to the new point of interest are calculated. The algorithm uses the concept of time-reversal propagation, and theoretical and experimental results obtained with this technique are presented. The calculation of each Green's function matched to each new desired focal point allows us to realize a B-scan image of the zone surrounding the reflector. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 8, 110–125, 1997
A Low Noise Figure 1.2-V CMOS GPS Receiver Integrated as a Part of a Multimode Receiver (2006)

This paper presents the designed and measured performance of a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver chain integrated as a part of a multi-band and multimode receiver, designed for global system for mobile communications (GSM) and wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA). Adding an additional mode to a receiver with minor changes to the implementation is discussed. The IC is implemented in a 0.13-μm CMOS technology without any analog options. At 1.2-V supply voltage and total power dissipation of 49 mW for the analog signal path, the proposed GPS receiver features a noise figure of 2.2 dB.
Inspired gas-induced vascular change in tumors with magnetic-resonance-guided near-infrared imaging: human breast pilot study (2010)

This study investigates differences in the response of breast tumor tissue versus healthy fibroglandular tissue to inspired gases. Cycles of carbogen and oxygen gas are administered while measuring the changes with magnetic-resonance-guided near-infrared imaging in a pilot study of breast cancers. For two patients, analyses are performed with cross-correlation techniques, which measure the strength of hemodynamic modulation. The results show that the overall vasoresponse, indicated by total hemoglobin, of healthy tissue has approximately a 72% and 41% greater correlation to the gas stimulus than the tumor region, in two patients respectively, when background physiological changes are controlled. These data support the hypothesis that tumor vasculature has a poorly functioning vasodilatory mechanism, most likely caused by dysfunctional smooth muscle cells lining the vasculature. This study presents a methodology to quantitatively analyze inspired gas changes in human breast tumors, and demonstrates this technique in a pilot patient population.
P1092THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF DISPOSABLES IN A NEW CONFIGURATION OF HEMODIALYSIS (HD) SYSTEM (2020)

Abstract Background and Aims A new configuration of Artis Dialysis System, namely Artis Physio Plus (AP+), has been recently released for chronic HD market. The AP+ Dialysis System features 3 stationary ultrafilters integrated in the hydraulic flow path and designed to retain bacteria and endotoxins, in order to provide fluid suitable for infusion to be used for on-line hemodiafiltration (HDF), hemofiltration (HF) or on-line bolus, priming and rinse-back also in HD. With this new fully internal filtration process, no external single-use filter is needed on the infusion lines, resulting in a simplified configuration of the extra-corporeal circuit (EC). HD has a considerable environmental impact because it uses large volumes of water, energy and medical supplies, and hence a significant amount of waste is produced. The aim of this study was to provide a comparison of the plastic waste amount between the previous Artis Dialysis System configuration (i.e., Artis Physio, AP) and the new one (AP+). Method The weight of the EC components (i.e., the blood tubing set, the related infusion lines for HD or HDF/HF and the dialyzer) after their discharge from dialysis machine was measured. In particular, the EC components for AP includes the Ultra Prime Line for HD (Fig. 1a) and Ultra HDF Line for HDF/HF in Pre or Post dilution (Fig. 2a). The EC components for AP+ includes the ULTRALINE HD for HD (Fig. 1b) and ULTRALINE HDF for HDF/HF in Pre or Post dilution (Fig. 2b). For simplicity, the same blood tubing set (ArtiSet PrePost) has been assumed for all treatment types. The dialyzers used were Revaclear 400 for HD and Polyflux 210H for HDF/HF. Other plastic waste, like concentrates and disinfectant cartridges, were not considered since their consumption is the same for AP and AP+. Results Table 1 shows the weight of the EC components before (i.e., components dry) and after dialysis (i.e., after patient rinse-back and automatic draining by AP/AP+). Table 2 reports an estimation of the total weekly amount of plastic waste for a single Artis Dialysis System performing 3 shifts a day with a mix of different dialysis treatments (i.e., 60% of HD, 30% of HDF Post, 10% of HDF/HF Pre). The results show a significant decrease of the disposable waste weight. Conclusion The new AP+ infusion lines, dealing with the ready to use infusion fluid delivered from the machine, are much simpler: this leads not only to a significant usability improvement, but also to a better shipment packing factor for the goods, a better storage in the dialysis unit, and a reduction of plastic waste. In particular, a weight decrease of 10.2% is achieved considering the EC items used on a single Artis Dialysis System during a week. Higher reduction of plastic waste will be achieved in clinics running higher number of HDF treatments. This contributes to have a more eco-friendly dialysis and to reduce the expenditures for the hospitals, both in terms of goods delivery and of waste disposal.
On the octupole interactions in the inert gas crystals (1973)

The lattice dynamics theory in the long-wavelength limit in inert gas crystals is presented. Long-range octupole interactions are taken into account and their effect on the dispersion relations to within terms of q4 (q is the wavevector) at q to 0 is investigated. A method of direct experimental measurement of the octupole interaction constant is proposed. The octupole interaction constant is evaluated from experimental data for Ne crystals.
Surgery for Rheumatoid Arthritis—Timing and Techniques (1968)

Early synovectomy and reconstructive procedures not only improve the function of the hand but also prevent further destruction of these joints by the rheumatoid arthritis. Frequently by judicious use of tourniquet time, definitive surgical care can be provided for the thumb, wrist, and a number of joints of the fingers during the same surgical procedure. As much mobility as possible in the unaffected joints and the joints not operated on should be obtained by careful dressing and plaster splintage. Frequent supervision of postoperative exercises and the use of both dynamic and nocturnal splints are essential for satisfactory results.
Two-phase displacement in Hele-Shaw cells: experiments on viscously driven instabilities (1984)

Experiments on the instability of the interface in two-phase displacements in Hele-Shaw cells were conducted using air and a viscous oil as the working fluids. The experiments had two objectives: (i) to provide quantitative measurements of the growth constants of the instability which occurs when a less-viscous fluid displaces a more-viscous one, and (ii) to compare the measured dispersion relations with the predictions of the recent theory of Park &amp; Homsy (1984). The experiments were made by analysing the growth characteristics of between 10 and 20 Fourier modes describing the shape of the interface between displaced and displacing fluids, using still photography. For capillary numbers Ca = μ U /γ less than approximately 4 × 10 −3 the agreement is only fair, owing to substantial edge effects produced by a nearly static contact line near the lateral boundaries of the cell. For 4 × 10 −3 &lt; Ca &lt; 1 × 10 −2 theory and experiment agree to within the accuracy of the measurements. Location and verification of the behaviour of modes near the predicted cut-off wavenumber give partial verification of the theory of Park &amp; Homsy.
Activation of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Akt Pathway by Androgen through Interaction of p85α, Androgen Receptor, and Src (2003)

Recent studies have demonstrated that the cell growth and antiapoptotic actions of androgen could be dissociated from the transcriptional activity of the receptor and were, instead, mediated by activation of a mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. This finding suggests an important cellular function of androgen receptor (AR) outside the nucleus. In this report, we demonstrate that androgen activates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and Akt, including AKT1 and AKT2, in AR-positive cells. Androgen-induced cell growth and survival were inhibited by PI3K inhibitor and dominant-negative Akt. AR interacts with the p85alpha regulatory subunit of PI3K, and its binding affinity is increased after androgen stimulation. The sites of interaction on the two proteins were mapped to the C-terminal Src-homology 2 domain of p85alpha and N terminus of AR. Activation of PI3K/Akt by androgen was inhibited by dominant-negative Src. Neither N-terminal truncated nor proline-rich region-deleted AR mutants, which are unable to bind to p85alpha and Src, respectively, was able to mediate androgen-induced PI3K/Akt activation. AR with deletion of C-terminal region including ligand binding domain, however, retains the ability to activate PI3K/Akt upon androgen stimulation, which supports the notion that nongenomic function of androgen is mediated by its interaction with membrane receptors (1, 3, 4). These findings indicate that a triple complex between AR, p85alpha, and Src is required for androgen-stimulated PI3K/Akt activation, and that the PI3K/Akt pathway, in addition to mitogen-activated protein kinase, mediates androgen-induced cell growth and cell survival.
Eigenbeam-based acoustic source tracking in noisy reverberant environments (2010)

In this work, an adaptive acoustic source tracking algorithm is proposed. It is based on eigenbeams which perform spatial decomposition of the sound field, works in two dimensions for tracking of azimuth and elevation, has low computational complexity, and is robust to noise and room reverberation. The tracking is performed using an adaptive principal component analysis of the particle velocity vector, which points from the acoustic source to the sensor. The particle velocity vector is estimated using a spherical microphone array, and is formed by combining the first-order eigenbeams.
Design and Monitoring of Smart Roads Based on Weather Data by using IoT (2021)

Abstract The key goal of this research is to avoid road accidents. Most of the studies clearly show that the majority of incidents take place near certain places such as school areas, dining areas, etc. The purpose of the proposed system is, by signaling or warning through WI-FI, to avoid the accident in nearby areas. If the Bridge zone is narrower than 100 meters from vehicles, a mobile warning will be issued via the WI-FI network. The person reduces the vehicle speed following this indication. Just like if a school area closer to vehicles is within 100 meters, the cell phone will be alerted via WI-FI. The person reduces the speed of the vehicle after this indication. Like Fog, it gives message warning to mobile devices via the WI-FI area within 100 meters. The individual decreases the speed of the vehicle following this indication. This sign helps us to reduce road injuries. We use WI-FI, AT89S52, switches for this implementation. The Wi-Fi module is connected to the controller here in this project and can be controlled from any location at the Internet speed. The managed power supply for this project is 5V 500mA. For voltage power, 7805 three voltage terminal regulators are used. Full-wave bridge rectifier is used to rectify the 230/12V transformer secondary ac output.
A Straight-Bladed Vertical Axis Wind Turbine With a Directed Guide Vane Row (2007)

A straight-bladed vertical axis wind turbine with a directed guide vane row has been proposed in order to enhance its torque. The experimental study of the proposed wind turbine was carried out by a wind tunnel with an outlet diameter of 1.8m. The tested rotor has some straight rotor blades with a profile of NACA0015, a radius diameter of 0.3 m and a height of 0.7 m. The guide vane row having 3 arc plates rotates around the rotor and is directed to the wind by aerodynamic force generated by tail vanes, so as to put the guide vane row in upstream of the rotor. As a result, the performance of the straight-bladed vertical axis turbine was improved by means of the directed guide vane row. Further, by the use of the guide vane row adopted in the study, the power coefficient of the proposed wind turbine was approximately 1.5 times higher than that of the original wind turbine which has no guide vane.
Gadolinium Neutron Capture Therapy (GdNCT) of Melanoma Cells and Solid Tumors With the Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agent Gadobutrol (1999)

In vitro and in vivo studies showed a therapeutic benefit with the neutral Gd complex and suggest Gd-containing magnetic resonance contrast media are potential candidates for neutron capture therapy. The Gd dose used in the irradiation experiments was four times the presently accepted high dose in clinical magnetic resonance imaging.
A New Device for Securing Sternal Wires after Median Sternotomy (2018)

Biomechanical data showed stronger, more consistent closure forces with the device. The retrospective data attest to the performance of the device.
Results of initial test and evaluation of a Driver-Assistive Truck Platooning prototype (2014)

This paper describes results to date of a project to prototype, evaluate, and test Driver-Assistive Truck Platooning (DATP), which could have significant positive safety and fuel savings potential for heavy truck operations. The project is led by Auburn University and funded within the Federal Highway Administration Exploratory Advanced Research program. This paper provides selected results from Phase One, which is currently exploring a range of technical and non-technical issues, including assessing real-world business and operational issues within the trucking industry. Specific technical sections address sensing and computing hardware; driver interface; sensor and actuator software and interfacing; control software; and operational environment.
Sinusoidal spectral modulation masking period patterns (2004)

Knowledge of the internal auditory representation of spectral envelope features is critical to the understanding of auditory perception by listeners with normal and impaired hearing. Previous investigators have used forward and simultaneous masking to derive masking patterns that reveal the influence of lateral suppression and other factors on the internal representation of various spectral envelopes (e.g., narrowband noise and steady-state vowels). The present study followed a general approach, in which the internal representation of spectral shape was estimated on the basis of spectral masking patterns obtained with sinusoidal spectral modulation. Simultaneous- and forward-masked thresholds were measured for probe signals as a function of spectral modulation frequency (cycles/octave), phase, and depth (peak-valley contrast in dB) superimposed on a noise carrier (400–6400 Hz). For relatively low modulation frequencies (&amp;lt;1 cycle/octave), masking patterns closely mimicked features of the external spectrum. For very high modulation frequencies (&amp;gt;2 cycles/octave), masking patterns revealed reduced spectral contrast, consistent with the limited frequency selectivity of the auditory system. For intermediate modulation frequencies (1–2 cycles/octave), considerable spectral sharpening was evident. The three-dimensional space defined by spectral modulation frequency, depth, and internal contrast will be discussed in terms of predicting the internal representation of arbitrary complex spectral envelopes.
Direct Organocatalytic Asymmetric Heterodomino Reactions: The Knoevenagel/Diels—Alder/Epimerization Sequence for the Highly Diastereoselective Synthesis of Symmetrical and Nonsymmetrical Synthons of Benzoanellated Centropolyquinanes. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Optimal Operation of Multitone Waveforms in Low RF-Power Receivers (2018)

This paper presents a study of the optimal performance of multitone signals in low RF-power transfer and energy harvesters. The choice of the load can be tricky, showing an advantage of a certain type of signals over another. For low RF power (-17dBm), the multitone signals do not improve the peak RF-to-dc power conversion efficiency (PCE) over the continuous wave (CW) single-tone signal, if the optimal load is selected for each case, however, the multitone signals maintain that peak PCE of ~ 47% over higher output voltage (i.e: larger loads), and consequently enable more efficient dc-to-dc voltage boosting or even eliminate the need for the voltage booster in the RF power receiver. Thus, the low-power multitone waveforms can be considered as a voltage sensitivity booster rather than a PCE efficiency booster. This boosted rectified voltage is the key advantage of the multitone signals that leads to the enhancement in the overall efficiency of the low-RF power receiver.
Gas Phase Studies of Molecular Clusters Containing Metal Cations, and the Ion Mobility of Styrene Oligomers (2004)

This study is divided into three parts. Part I deals with the mechanism of the self-initiated polymerization (or thermal polymerization) of styrene in the gas phase. In this work, we present the first direct evidence for the thermally self-initiated polymerization of styrene in the gas phase. Our approach is based on on-line analysis of the gas phase Oligomers by mass-selected ion mobility. The mobility measurements provide structural information on the ionized oligomers based on their collision cross-sections (Ω) which depend on the geometric shapes of the ions. Theoretical calculations of possible structural candidates of the Oligomers ions are then used to compute angle averaged Ω for comparison with the measured ones. The agreement between the measured and calculated Ω of the candidate structures provides reliable assignments to the structures of the oligomers. Furthermore, collisional-induced dissociations of the mass-selected oligomer ions provide further support for the structures obtained from the mobility measurements. Our results indicate that the gas phase polymerization of styrene proceeds via essentially the same initiation mechanism (the Mayo mechanism) as in condensed phase polymerization. The structural evidence, the mechanism of formation and the observed fragmentation pathway of the growing dimers and trimers in the gas phase are presentedIn Part II the solvation of a variety of metal cations by benzene clusters have been studied using laser vaporization, cluster beam and time-of-flight mass spectrometry techniques. In this work strong magic numbers were observed for clusters containing 10, 13 and 14 benzene molecules depending on the nature of the metal cation involved. The metal cations exhibiting preference solvation by 14 benzene molecules show a strong tendency to form sandwich structures with two benzene molecules. The interpretation of these results in view of the proposed structures and the growth patterns of the clusters are presented. In Part III, the work is focused on the investigation of the intracluster ion molecule reactions following the generation of Mg+ within the polar clusters (water, methanol, ether and acetonitrile).
Management of interdependencies in collaborative software development (2004)

In this paper we report results of an informal field study of a software development team conducted during an eight week internship at the NASA/Ames Research center. The team develops a suite tools called MVP, and is composed of 31 co-located software engineers, who design, test, document, and maintain the different MVP tools. We describe the formal and informal approaches used by this group to manage the interdependencies that occur during the software development process. Formal approaches emerge due to the needs of the developers. We also describe how the software development tools used by this team support these approaches and explore where explicit support is needed. Finally, based on our findings, we discuss implications for software engineering research.
Inhibition of TNF-α Produced by Kupffer Cells Protects Against the Nonspecific Liver Toxicity of Immunotoxin Anti-Tac(Fv)-PE38, LMB-2 (2000)

LMB-2 (anti-Tac(Fv)-PE38) is a recombinant immunotoxin composed of the Fv fragment of the anti-Tac Ab fused to a 38-kDa form of Pseudomonas: exotoxin A. Recent clinical trials showed that LMB-2 is a promising agent for the treatment of patients with Tac-positive leukemia or lymphoma. One major side effect that needs to be overcome is nonspecific liver toxicity. In the current study, we have analyzed the mechanism of this toxicity using a mouse model. Mice that were injected with a lethal dose of LMB-2 showed severe hepatic necrosis. Immunohistochemistry revealed that LMB-2 accumulated in Kupffer cells in the liver, suggesting that the damage to the hepatocytes was indirect. When we examined the effects of LMB-2 on peritoneal macrophages, cells in the same lineage as Kupffer cells, we found that LMB-2 induced the production of TNF-alpha by these cells. Following LMB-2 administration to mice, the levels of TNF-alpha in the liver increased to very high levels, whereas the rise in serum levels was modest. In addition, the LMB-2-induced liver toxicity was blocked by a specific TNF binding protein (TNFsRp55). Liver toxicity was also blocked by indomethacin, which also blocked the rise of TNF-alpha in the liver. Both TNFsRp55 and indomethacin treatment protected mice against a lethal dose of LMB-2. These data indicate that TNF-alpha produced in the liver by Kupffer cells has an important causal role in the nonspecific liver toxicity of LMB-2. These findings have important clinical implications for the use of immunotoxins in the therapy of patients with cancer.