gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enantioselective Sharpless Dihydroxylation of Vinylic Aromatic Heterocycles (2000)

Asymmetric dihydroxylation (AD) with an AD-mix reagent was conducted on a series of terminal olefins possessing an extended heteroaromatic group. Good yields and high enantioselectivities were observed in most instances. However, the steric hindrance resulting from neighboring substituents on the aromatic heterocycle can interfere during the course of the dihydroxylation. The effects of voluminous groups such as t-Boc, t-BDMS or adamantylmethyl were evaluated.
The Value of the Preoperative Visit by an Anesthetist (1963)

The psychologic effect of the preoperative visit by an anesthetist has been compared with the effect of pentabarbital for preanesthetic medication. Patients receiving pentobarbital 1 hour before an operation became drowsy but it could not be shown that they became calm. Patients who had received a visit by an anesthetist before operation (informing them about the events which were to occur on the day of the operation and about the anesthetic to be administered) were not drowsy but were more likely to be calm on the day of the operation. The importance of the preoperative visit probably explains, in part, the difficulties previous investigators have had in showing sedative effects from barbiturates and narcotics before operation. The tremendous emotional significance to a patient of illness or an operation may explain why physicians are able to exert such influence upon their patients.
On-axis conoscopic holography without a conjugate image (1992)

We present a method for removing the conjugate image in an incoherent-light holographic technique, namely, on-axis conoscopic holography. The point-spread function that we obtain is that of a complex Gabor zone pattern, which thus should allow good-quality reconstructions of objects. Experimental results are also presented, which confirm the validity of this method.
Resonant optical detection (1995)

Monochromatic optical detection is often desired. One technique to accomplish this is to place the detector within an optical resonator. The authors consider the theoretical description of resonant optical detection using an intrinsic semiconductor detector layer placed within a monolithic vertical cavity. The effects of wavelength-dependent index and absorption are included in the analysis. It is found that, unlike passive Fabry-Perot filters, the resonant detector can have a single resonant peak and thus strong suppression of out-of-band light.
Safety and efficacy of a genetic vaccine targeting Telomerase plus chemotherapy for the therapy of canine B-cell lymphoma (2013)

Meeting abstracts Client-owned pet dogs represent exceptional translational models for advancement of Cancer Research, as they reflects the complex heterogeneity observed in human cancer. We have recently shown that a genetic vaccine targeting dog telomerase (dTERT) and based on Ad/DNA-EGT
Structural evolutions and significantly reduced thermal degradation of red-emitting Sr2Si5N8:Eu2+via carbon doping (2017)

Carbon-doping in Sr<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>5</sub>N<sub>8</sub>:Eu<sup>2+</sup> results in enhanced reduction of Eu<sup>3+</sup> and the covalence of Eu–(N,C) bonds, finally leading to enhanced thermal degradation.
Generalization versus Specialization in Cloud Computing Infrastructures (2016)

Summary form only given. Cloud computing represents a fundamental change in the business model behind IT: a shift from manufacturing of software and hardware products towards packaging infrastructure, processing, and storage as services. Cloud data centers, given their intended use for general purpose computing, would seem to push towards homogeneity in architectures and platforms. Modern applications and use cases, from scientific computing to big data, push in exactly the opposite direction: an increase in specialization as a way to efficiently meet demanding requirements. In this talk I will illustrate both trends and argue that, contradictory as they seem to be, there are many opportunities in combining them. Doing so requires to work in two areas. One is to find better ways to extend the performance and efficiency advantages of specialization to general purpose settings. The other is to develop the necessary software and hardware layers to allow generalized use of specialized systems. Taking together, these efforts outline an exciting research and development landscape that I will outline as a conclusion of the talk.
105.1 Tb/s Power-Efficient Transmission over 14,350 km using a 12-Core Fiber (2016)

We demonstrate the use of MCF for power efficient ultra-high capacity long haul transmission. Feasibility of 105.1 Tb/s transmission over 14,350 km is shown using 12-core fiber and power equivalent of a single pump laser.
Synthesis of Optically Active N6-Alkyl Derivatives of (R)-3-(Adenin-9-yl)-2-hydroxypropanoic Acid and Related Compounds (2003)

Reaction of ethyl ( R )-oxiranecarboxylate ( 2a ) with various nucleobases (adenine, 6-chloropurine, thymine, cytosine, N 6 -benzoyladenine, 4-methoxy-5-methylpyrimidin-2(1 H )-one and 4-methoxypyrimidin-2(1 H )-one) afforded ethyl 3-substituted-2-hydroxypropanoates 4 - 10 . Enantioselectivity of this reaction is dependent on the type of the base: 6-chloropurine, N 6 -benzoyladenine, 4-methoxy-5-methylpyrimidin-2(1 H )-one, thymine and cytosine gave optically pure R enantiomers. In other cases, partial or complete racemization occurred. Optically pure ethyl ( R )-3-(6-chloropurin-9-yl)-2-hydroxypropanoate ( 5a ) was hydrolyzed to give ( R )-3-(6-chloropurin-9-yl)-2-hydroxypropanoic acid ( 11 ). Reactions of 11 with various primary or secondary amines led to N 6 -substituted ( R )-3-(adenin-9-yl)-2-hydroxypropanoic acids 14 - 19 . Enantiomeric purity was determined from 1 H NMR spectra measured in the presence of (-)-( R )-1-(9-anthryl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethan-1-ol.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Predicting ADME properties and side effects: the BioPrint approach. (2003)

Computational methods are increasingly used to streamline and enhance the lead discovery and optimization process. However, accurate prediction of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) and adverse drug reactions (ADR) is often difficult, due to the complexity of underlying physiological mechanisms. Modeling approaches have been hampered by the lack of large, robust and standardized training datasets. In an extensive effort to build such a dataset, the BioPrint database was constructed by systematic profiling of nearly all drugs available on the market, as well as numerous reference compounds. The database is composed of several large datasets: compound structures and molecular descriptors, in vitro ADME and pharmacology profiles, and complementary clinical data including therapeutic use information, pharmacokinetics profiles and ADR profiles. These data have allowed the development of computational tools designed to integrate a program of computational chemistry into library design and lead development. Models based on chemical structure are strengthened by in vitro results that can be used as additional compound descriptors to predict complex in vivo endpoints. The BioPrint pharmacoinformatics platform represents a systematic effort to accelerate the process of drug discovery, improve quantitative structure-activity relationships and develop in vitro/in vivo associations. In this review, we will discuss the importance of training set size and diversity in model development, the implementation of linear and neighborhood modeling approaches, and the use of in silico methods to predict potential clinical liabilities. PMID: 12951810
Synthesis of indolizidine alkaloids via the intramolecular imino Diels-Alder reaction (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of indolizidine alkaloids via the intramolecular imino Diels-Alder reactionNazir A. Khatri, Hans F. Schmitthenner, Jayant Shringarpure, and Steven M. WeinrebCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 21, 6387–6393Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00411a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00411a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views798Altmetric-Citations61LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Firing angle modulation for eliminating transformer DC currents in coupled AC-DC systems (1995)

A method of eliminating DC components of the currents in the transformer windings of a DC converter is presented. The method uses the technique of firing angle modulation. It is shown that merely eliminating the fundamental frequency component on the DC side may not remove this DC component. The impact of such control action at one converter on the other converters in the DC transmission system is also presented. It is also shown that the undesirable side effects of such a scheme include increased generation of noncharacteristic harmonics on both the AC and DC sides. The study is performed using an electromagnetic transients simulation program and theoretical calculations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Enantioselective electrochemical oxidation of enol acetates using a chiral supporting electrolyte (2002)

Anodic oxidation of 1-acetoxy-3,4-dihydronaphthalene (1) and alpha-acetoxy-beta-alkylstyrenes (3) at -78 degrees C in a mixed solvent of acetonitrile (CH(3)CN), tetrahydrofuran (THF), and acetic acid (AcOH) containing (S)-tetraethylammonium camphorsulfonate as a chiral supporting electrolyte brought about enantioselective formation of the corresponding 2-acetoxy-1-tetralones (2) and (R)-2-acetoxy-1-phenyl-1-alkanone (4) with maximum enantiomeric excess (ee) of 44% and 21%, respectively. Introduction of a 7-methoxy group into 1 and increase in bulkiness of a beta-alkyl group in 3 resulted in improvement of enantioselectivity of the reactions.
Survey of Preferred Tests for Diagnosis of the Tear Film and Dry Eye (2000)

The importance of multiple tests in the evaluation of tear film disorders is overwhelmingly acknowledged, with patient history/dry eye questionnaires, FBUT, ocular surface staining, and the Schirmer test being the preferred diagnostic tools.
Ablation of nonlinear-force driven plasma blocks for fast igniter application (2006)

Interaction of TW-ps laser with plasma results in a skin layer mechanism for nonlinear (ponderomotive) force driven two dimensional plasma blocks (pistons) if a very high contrast ratio is provided for suppression of relativistic self-focusing. This Skin layer acceleration (SLA) [1] results in space charge neutral plasma blocks with ion current densities larger than 10<sup>10</sup> Amp/cm<sup>2</sup> [1-3]. Using Ions in the MeV range results in 1000 times higher proton or DT current densities [3] than the proton fast igniter [4] is using and may result in better conditions of this fast ignitor scheme. Using ballistic focusing of the generated plasma blocks and a short time thermal expansion of these blocks for increasing their thickness while keeping the high ion current densities, results in conditions favourable for this option of fast ignition of a fusion target. Some details of the interaction processes are still to be analysed but the solutions studies to date are most encouraging.
Different substrate specificities of the two ADPR binding sites in TRPM2 channels of Nematostella vectensis and the role of IDPR (2019)

NvTRPM2 (Nematostella vectensis Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 2), the species variant of the human apoptosis-related cation channel hTRPM2, is gated by ADP-ribose (ADPR) independently of the C-terminal NUDT9H domain that mediates ADPR-directed gating in hTRPM2. The decisive binding site in NvTRPM2 is likely to be identical with the N-terminal ADPR binding pocket in zebra fish DrTRPM2. Our aim was a characterization of this binding site in NvTRPM2 with respect to its substrate specificity, in comparison to the classical ADPR interaction site within NUDT9H that is highly homologous in hTRPM2 and NvTRPM2, although only in NvTRPM2, catalytic (ADPRase) activity is conserved. With various ADPR analogues, key differences of the two sites were identified. Particularly, two reported antagonists on hTRPM2 were agonists on NvTRPM2. Moreover, IDP-ribose (IDPR) induced currents both in hTRPM2 and NvTRPM2 but not in NvTRPM2 mutants in which NUDT9H was absent. Thus, IDPR acts on NUDT9H rather than N-terminally, revealing a regulatory function of NUDT9H in NvTRPM2 opposed to that in hTRPM2. We propose that IDPR competitively inhibits the ADPRase function of NUDT9H and evokes ADPR accumulation. The findings provide important insights into the structure-function relationship of NvTRPM2 and will allow further characterization of the novel ADPR interaction site.
9.2: High Image Quality Reflective Color LCD Using Novel RGBW Technology (2014)

Abstract In this paper, the performance of a new RGBW reflective display for mobile devices is described, including high reflectance and wide color gamut. In addition, a newly developed 7‐inch WUXGA (1200 times 1920) prototype reflective color LCD using a new RGBW technology is described.
ChemInform Abstract: PHASE‐TRANSFER‐CATALYZED REACTIONS OF DIHALOCARBENES WITH 3,4‐DIHYDROPYRIDIN‐2‐ONES (1984)

Abstract Die Dihydropyridinone (I) reagieren mit den aus Haloformen (II) im Zweiphasensystem erzeugten Dihalogencarbenen zu den Addukten (III).
Chiral 1,3‐Oxazolidines as the Ligands for the Enantioselective Addition of Diethylzinc to Aryl Aldehydes. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Nonlinear Viscosity in the Interchangeable Module Stellarator (1998)

The experimental observation of nonlinear parallel viscosity in the Interchangeable Module Stellarator is reported. The damping of plasma flows, by poloidal viscosity and ion-neutral collisions, is determined from the dependence of the radial current on the radial electric field in the plasma. At low neutral density, the radial current drops and a jump in the radial electric field occurs at a poloidal Mach number in the range $\ensuremath{-}10$ to $\ensuremath{-}15$, in reasonable agreement with a model based on nonlinear viscosity. The nonlinearity of viscosity diminishes as the neutral density is increased.
The effect of implant position on bone strain following lateral unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (2017)

Relatively small changes in implant position and orientation may significantly affect tibial cortical strain. Avoidance of excessive posterior tibial slope may be advisable during lateral UKA.<b>Cite this article</b>: A. M. Ali, S. D. S. Newman, P. A. Hooper, C. M. Davies, J. P. Cobb. The effect of implant position on bone strain following lateral unicompartmental knee arthroplasty: A Biomechanical Model Using Digital Image Correlation. <i>Bone Joint Res</i> 2017;6:522-529. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.68.BJR-2017-0067.R1.
How lasing happens in CsPbBr3 perovskite nanowires (2019)

Lead halide perovskites are emerging as an excellent material platform for optoelectronic processes. There have been extensive discussions on lasing, polariton formation, and nonlinear processes in this material system, but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Here we probe lasing from CsPbBr<sub>3</sub> perovskite nanowires with picosecond (ps) time resolution and show that lasing originates from stimulated emission of an electron-hole plasma. We observe an anomalous blue-shifting of the lasing gain profile with time up to 25 ps, and assign this as a signature for lasing involving plasmon emission. The time domain view provides an ultra-sensitive probe of many-body physics which was obscured in previous time-integrated measurements of lasing from lead halide perovskite nanowires.
In vivoTherapeutic Responses Contingent on Fanconi Anemia/BRCA2 Status of the Tumor (2005)

MMC or other cross-linking agents as a clinical therapy for pancreatic cancer patients with tumors harboring defects in the Fanconi anemia/BRCA2 pathway should be specifically investigated.
Thermoforming Simulation of Natural Fiber Filled Polyolefins (1992)

Thermoformed natural fiber filled polyolefin composites are becoming increasingly important because of their combination of low cost, good formability and high strength-to-weight ratio. During thermoforming, ex truded sheets are stretched into a mold by either mechanical force or pressure/ vacuum. As the sheet stretches into the mold it thins. Hence, it is important to optimize the process in order to form an acceptable final part. Often, optimiza tion is an expensive and time-consuming trial-and-error process. However, with microcomputers, numerical simulation of the thermoforming process is becom ing increasingly accurate and powerful. In this study, a one-dimensional finite element simulation was developed to predict the thinning of axisymmetric and rectangular thermoformed parts. This simulation uses an empirical model de veloped from experimental data to represent the temperature-dependent stress-strain behavior of wood flour filled polypropylene. To predict sheet thin ning, the simulation solves the virtual work equation including normal, bend ing and shearing stresses in the sheet during stretching. To solve the governing equations, one-dimensional finite element theory is used. Based on the ex perimental results, an empirical model that represents the material behavior of wood flour filled polypropylene was developed. The simulation was compared to an analytical solution and experimentally measured thickness profiles. Also, the effects of non-isothermal heating and elastic versus elastic-plastic material behavior were studied and a part was optimized using the simulation.
Assessment of tumor proliferation with 68Ga-EC-guanine by PET (2006)

1837 Objectives: [18F]FDG has shown promising in the assessment of cell proliferation, however, it is also accumulated in the infectious lesions. Though [18F]FLT is involved in tumor proliferation, yet it is with low tumor uptake and complex chemistry with low yield. The purpose of this study was to develop an efficient 68Ga- and 64Cu-labeled guanine using ethylenedicysteine (EC) as a chelator and to evaluate their potential in the assessment of tumor proliferation by positron emission tomography (PET). Methods: EC-Guanine was synthesized by reacting the amino analogue of guanine with EC and carbodiimide. 64Cu-and 68Ga- EC-Guan were prepared by adding 64Cu-acetate and 68Ga-chloride to EC-Guan. In vitro cellular uptakes of 68Ga-EC-guanine were determined in head and neck, lung and breast tumor cells at 0.5–4 h. Tumor cells were separated using cell sorters then incubated with 68Ga- and 64Cu-EC-Guanine for cell cycle analysis. Confluency studies and cellular fraction uptake studies were also performed. Thymidine incorporation assays were performed in lung cancer cells incubated with EC-Guan at various doses (0.1-1 mg/well). The tissue distribution of 68Ga-EC-guanine, 64Cu-EC-Guanine ,and [18F]-FDG were conduced using mammary tumor-bearing rats. PET imaging studies were performed with 68Ga-EC-guanine in mammary tumor-bearing rats with or without inflammation. Autoradiographic studies were performed with 64Cu-EC-Guanine in glioma tumor-bearing mice. Results: Radiochemical purity was >95%. In vitro cell culture assays indicated both 68Ga- and 64Cu-EC-Guan were incorporated into cell cycles. S-Phase showed higher uptake than other phases. Confluency studies showed that 68Ga-EC-guanine had uptake plateaued at 250x103 cells/well. 68Ga-EC-guanine had higher uptake than [18F]-FDG and 68Ga-citrate. Cell nuclei fraction uptake was higher than cytosolic fraction. Biodistribution of 68Ga-EC-guanine and [18F]-FDG in breast tumor bearing rats showed that increased tumor-to-blood and tumor-to-muscle count density ratios as a function of time. 68Ga-EC-Guanine had slightly higher tumor uptake (%ID/g) than 18F-FDG (0.69-0.90 for [18F]-FDG vs 0.63-1.82 for 68Ga-EC-guanine). MicroPET images confirmed that the tumor-to-muscle ratios of 68Ga-EC-guanine ranged from 3.5 to 9 over a period of 2 h. 68Ga-EC-guanine could differentiate inflammation from tumor. Autoradiography of 64Cu-EC-Guan showed that glioma could be visualized at 2hrs post-administration. Conclusions: 68Ga- and 64Cu-EC-guanine are useful to assess tumor proliferation by PET.
Effect of Donor Space Charge on Electron Capture Processes in Quantum Well Infrared Photodetectors (1999)

The effect of donor space charge on electron capture processes in AlGaAs/GaAs multiple quantum well infrared photodetectors (QWIPs) is studied using an ensemble Monte Carlo (MC) particle modeling. It is shown that the corrugation of the conduction band edge due to donor charges in the inter-QW barriers strongly influences the electron distribution over energies and the electric-field dependence of the electron capture rate. Vertical nonuniformity of the donor distributions in QWs results in an asymmetry in the electric-field dependence of the capture parameter. This effect can essentially contribute to the asymmetry in the QWIP current-voltage characteristics in the dark condition and under illumination.
Regional requirements for Dishevelled signaling during Xenopus gastrulation: separable effects on blastopore closure, mesendoderm internalization and archenteron formation (2004)

During amphibian gastrulation, the embryo is transformed by the combined actions of several different tissues. Paradoxically, many of these morphogenetic processes can occur autonomously in tissue explants, yet the tissues in intact embryos must interact and be coordinated with one another in order to accomplish the major goals of gastrulation: closure of the blastopore to bring the endoderm and mesoderm fully inside the ectoderm, and generation of the archenteron. Here, we present high-resolution 3D digital datasets of frog gastrulae, and morphometrics that allow simultaneous assessment of the progress of convergent extension, blastopore closure and archenteron formation in a single embryo. To examine how the diverse morphogenetic engines work together to accomplish gastrulation, we combined these tools with time-lapse analysis of gastrulation, and examined both wild-type embryos and embryos in which gastrulation was disrupted by the manipulation of Dishevelled (Xdsh) signaling. Remarkably, although inhibition of Xdsh signaling disrupted both convergent extension and blastopore closure, mesendoderm internalization proceeded very effectively in these embryos. In addition, much of archenteron elongation was found to be independent of Xdsh signaling, especially during the second half of gastrulation. Finally, even in normal embryos, we found a surprising degree of dissociability between the various morphogenetic processes that occur during gastrulation. Together, these data highlight the central role of PCP signaling in governing distinct events of Xenopus gastrulation, and suggest that the loose relationship between morphogenetic processes may have facilitated the evolution of the wide variety of gastrulation mechanisms seen in different amphibian species.