gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electro-optic detection of ultrashort electron beams: moving beyond the transverse optical phonon resonance (2011)

Recent theoretical work has provided new insight into the physics of Electro-Optic detection of ultrashort relativistic electron beams.<sup>1</sup> Typically, Electro-Optic detection has been restricted to bunches longer than ~ 100 fs. This limitation is due to the transverse optical (TO) phonon resonance that most Electro-Optic materials exhibit in the THz range. Once the electron bunch profile becomes short enough so that a significant portion of its frequency components reside above this resonance frequency, the temporal profile of the space charge field begins to distort as it propagates through the crystal. This distortion becomes more significant as the bunch becomes shorter and destroys the ability of current decoding techniques to resolve the original bunch profile. It is possible to circumvent this issue by realizing that for these higher frequency components it is no longer valid to rely on the formalism of Pockels effect. Instead, sum and difference frequency generation must be taken into account. Using nonlinear three-wave mixing to describe the process, a new technique that promises the order of magnitude increase in resolution necessary to measure the ultrashort bunches produced by laser wakefield accelerators has been developed. This technique provides both phase and amplitude information about the generated pulse from which, in principle, the temporal profile can be reconstructed.
Hydrogenation of carbon dioxide to methanol using a homogeneous ruthenium–Triphos catalyst: from mechanistic investigations to multiphase catalysis (2014)

The hydrogenation of CO<sub>2</sub> to methanol can be achieved using a single molecular organometallic catalyst. Whereas homogeneous catalysts were previously believed to allow the hydrogenation only <i>via</i> formate esters as stable intermediates, the present mechanistic study demonstrates that the multistep transformation can occur directly on the Ru-Triphos (Triphos = 1,1,1-tris(diphenylphosphinomethyl)ethane) centre. The cationic formate complex [(Triphos)Ru(η<sup>2</sup>-O<sub>2</sub>CH)(S)]<sup>+</sup> (S = solvent) was identified as the key intermediate, leading to the synthesis of the analogous acetate complex as a robust and stable precursor for the catalytic transformation. A detailed mechanistic study using DFT calculations shows that a sequential series of hydride transfer and protonolysis steps can account for the transformation of CO<sub>2</sub><i>via</i> formate/formic acid to hydroxymethanolate/formaldehyde and finally methanolate/methanol within the coordination sphere of a single Ru-Triphos-fragment. All experimental results of the systematic parameter optimisation are fully consistent with this mechanistic picture. Based on these findings, a biphasic system consisting of H<sub>2</sub>O and 2-MTHF was developed, in which the active cationic Ru-complex resides in the organic phase for recycling and methanol is extracted with the aqueous phase.
The split-belt rimless wheel (2022)

Split-belt treadmill walking, in which the two belts move at different speeds, reveals a mechanism through which energy can be extracted from the environment. When a person walks with positive step length asymmetry on a split-belt treadmill, the treadmill can perform net positive work on the person. Here we use a split-belt rimless wheel model to explore how people could take advantage of the treadmill. We show that a split-belt rimless wheel can passively walk steadily by capturing energy from the treadmill to overcome collision losses, whereas it loses energy on each step with no way to recover the losses when walking on tied belts. Our simulated split-belt rimless wheel can walk steadily for a variety of leg angle and belt speed combinations, tolerating both speed disturbances and ground height variability. The wheel can even capture enough energy to walk uphill. We also built a physical split-belt rimless wheel robot and demonstrated that it can walk continuously without additional energy input. In comparing the wheel solutions to human split-belt gait, we found that humans do not maximize positive work performed by the treadmill. Other aspects of walking, such as costs associated with swing, balance, and free vertical moments, likely limit people’s ability to benefit from the treadmill. This study uses a simple walking model to characterize the mechanics and energetics of split-belt walking, demonstrating that energy capture through intermittent contact with two belts is possible and providing a simple model framework for understanding human adaptation during split-belt walking.
The perilipin‐like PPE15 protein in Mycobacterium tuberculosis is required for triacylglycerol accumulation under dormancy‐inducing conditions (2016)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) causes latent tuberculosis infection in one-third of the world population and remains quiescent in the human body for decades. The dormant pathogen accumulates lipid droplets containing triacylglycerol (TAG). In mammals, perilipin regulates lipid droplet homeostasis but no such protein has been identified in Mtb. We identified an Mtb protein (PPE15) that showed weak amino acid sequence identities with mammalian perilipin-1 and was upregulated in Mtb dormancy. We generated a ppe15 gene-disrupted mutant of Mtb and examined its ability to metabolically incorporate radiolabeled oleic acid into TAG, accumulate lipid droplets containing TAG and develop phenotypic tolerance to rifampicin in two in vitro models of dormancy including a three-dimensional human granuloma model. The mutant showed a significant decrease in the biosynthesis and accumulation of lipid droplets containing TAG and in its tolerance of rifampicin. Complementation of the mutant with a wild-type copy of the ppe15 gene restored the lost phenotypes. We designate PPE15 as mycobacterial perilipin-1 (MPER1). Our findings suggest that the MPER1 protein plays a critical role in the homeostasis of TAG -containing lipid droplets in Mtb and influences the entry of the pathogen into a dormant state.
Defining and Targeting Adaptations to Oncogenic KRASG12C Inhibition Using Quantitative Temporal Proteomics (2020)

Covalent inhibitors of the KRAS<sup>G12C</sup> oncoprotein have recently been developed and are being evaluated in clinical trials. Resistance to targeted therapies is common and may limit long-term efficacy of KRAS inhibitors (KRASi). To identify pathways of adaptation to KRASi and predict drug combinations that circumvent resistance, we use mass-spectrometry-based quantitative temporal proteomics to profile the proteomic response to KRASi in pancreatic and lung cancer 2D and 3D cellular models. We quantify 10,805 proteins, representing the most comprehensive KRASi proteome (https://manciaslab.shinyapps.io/KRASi/). Our data reveal common mechanisms of acute and long-term response between KRAS<sup>G12C</sup>-driven tumors. Based on these proteomic data, we identify potent combinations of KRASi with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), HSP90, CDK4/6, and SHP2 inhibitors, in some instances converting a cytostatic response to KRASi monotherapy to a cytotoxic response to combination treatment. Overall, using quantitative temporal proteomics, we comprehensively characterize adaptations to KRASi and identify combinatorial regimens with potential therapeutic utility.
Stereoelectronic Control on the Kinetic Stability of β-Acetoxy-Substituted (η3-Allyl)palladium Complexes in a Mild Acidic Medium (1997)

Deuteromethanolysis of trans- and cis-β-acetoxy-substituted (η3-cyclohexylallyl)palladium complexes (1 and 2) were studied under mild acidic conditions. The trans-β-acetoxy-substituted complex (1) reacted about 200 times faster than its cis-substituted counterpart (2). A theoretical analysis of the structure and stability of slightly simplified model compounds (4−7) was performed employing density functional theory at the B3PW91 level in order to elucidate the relationship between the rate of deuteromethanolysis and the electronic interactions between the β-acetoxy substituent and the palladium atom. In the trans complex, the stereoelectronic requirements of the conjugative interactions between the palladium atom and the C−O(Ac) bond are fulfilled, which facilitates the C−O(Ac) bond cleavage in the deuteromethanolysis reaction. Since the substituent geometry in the cis complex is different, these conjugative interactions are suppressed, providing a greater kinetic stability for the cis complex under the reaction conditions applied. Since the (η3-allyl)palladium complexes studied and their derivatives are key intermediates of important palladium catalyzed transformations, the implications of the β-substituent effects for the regio- and chemoselectivity of the nucleophilic attack have also been discussed.
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor failure impairs HIV-RNA responses to efavirenz-containing salvage antiretroviral therapy (2001)

In a retrospective cohort study of salvage antiretroviral combination therapy including efavirenz, 60% of 51 patients were able to suppress HIV RNA by at least 1 log10 or to less than 50 copies/ml. A lack of the previous use of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors was the only factor predictive of response on multivariate analysis. No patient with a viral isolate with an increased IC50 to efavirenz by virtual phenotype had a virological response
High-power temperature-insensitive gain-offset InGaAs/GaAs vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (1993)

The authors have grown 997 nm vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with an offset between the wavelength of the cavity mode and the quantum well gain peak to improve high temperature operation, and with higher aluminum-content barriers around the active region to improve the carrier confinement. They fabricated lasers of 8-15 and 20- mu m diameters. The 8- mu m-diameter devices exhibited CW operation up to 140 degrees C with little change in threshold current from 15 degrees C to 100 degrees C, and the 20- mu m-diameter devices showed CW output power of 11 mW at 25 degrees C without significant heat sinking.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Relevance of HIV-1-Specific CD4+ Helper T-Cell Responses During Structured Treatment Interruptions in Patients With CD4+ T-Cell Nadir Above 400/mm3 (2004)

STIs do not lead to control of viral replication in CHI patients, probably due to the fact that boosted CTL responses lack strong and durable helper T-cell responses. To reset the VL set point, new approaches that effectively augment and preserve helper T-cell responses should be investigated.
Application challenges with double patterning technology (DPT) beyond 45 nm (2006)

Double patterning technology (DPT) is a promising technique that bridges the anticipated technology gap from the use of 193nm immersion to EUV for the half-pitch device node beyond 45nm. The intended mask pattern is formed by two independent patterning steps. Using DPT, there is no optical imaging correlation between the two separate patterning steps except for the impact from mask overlay. In each of the single exposure step, we can relax the dense design pattern pitches by decomposing them into two half-dense ones. This allows a higher k<sub>1</sub> imaging factor for each patterning step. With combined patterns, we can achieve overall k<sub>1</sub> factor that exceeds the conventional Rayleigh resolution limit. This paper addresses DPT application challenges with respect to both mask error factor (MEF) and 2D patterning. In our simulations using DPT with relaxed feature pitch for each exposure step, the MEF for the line/space is fairly manageable for 32nm half-pitch and below. The real challenge for the 32nm half-pitch and below with DPT is how to deal with the printing of small 2D features resulting from the many cutting sites due to feature decomposition. Each split of a dense pattern generates two difficult-to-print line-end type features with dimension less than one-fifth or one-sixth of ArF wavelength. Worse, the proximity environment of the 2D cut features can then become quite complex. How to stitch them correctly back to the original target requires careful attention. Applying target bias can improve the printing performance in general. But using a model-based stitching error correction method seems to be a preferred solution.
Inbodied Interaction 102: Exploring Neuro-Physio Pathways for Self-Tuning (2021)

In Inbodied Interaction 101, we considered the Physiology and Anatomy of the body via three associated interactions that reflect an inbodied state: 1. inbodied adaptation in response to the in5 and C4 over Time and Context in order to maintain 2. homeostasis via 3. metabolism. We called this adaptation process “tuning.” In 102 we build on this foundation to consider the physiology tuning. In particular we will look at a series of inbodied interactions: the neuro-endocrine system interaction with the organ systems that cue adaptive responses from genetic signals to fat metabolism; the autonomic nervous system and the limbic system's interactions that affect volitional/non-volitional interaction. We will introduce the components of the brainstem, basal nuclei and cerebellum that support interoception around self-Tuning. Within this framing, we will look at the strengths and limits of non-invasive measures of these processes (eg, HRV, EEG, blood oxygen saturation, qualitative responses). Outcomes will familiarity with how we function as inbodied complex systems, with worked examples of how the physiology of tuning can be translated into interactive designs to support health, wellbeing, performance in new ways.
Anti-DLL4 HasBroad SpectrumActivityinPancreatic Cancer DependentonTargetingDLL4-NotchSignalinginBothTumor and Vasculature Cells (2012)

Purpose: We previously showed that targeting Delta-like ligand 4 (DLL4) in colon and breast tumors inhibited tumor growth and reduced tumor initiating cell frequency. In this report, we have extended these studies to pancreatic cancer and probed the mechanism of action in tumor and stromal cells involved in antitumor efficacy. Experimental Design: Patient-derived pancreatic xenograft tumor models were used to evaluate the antitumoreffectofanti-DLL4.Toinvestigatethemechanismofaction,wecomparedtheactivityoftargeting DLL4 in tumor cells with an anti-human DLL4 antibody (anti-hDLL4) and in the host stroma/vasculature with an anti-mouse DLL4 antibody (anti-mDLL4). The effect of these antibodies on cancer stem cell frequency was examined by in vivo limiting dilution assays. Results: The combination of anti-hDLL4 and anti-mDLL4 was efficacious in a broad spectrum of pancreatic tumor xenografts and showed additive antitumor activity together with gemcitabine. Treatment with either anti-hDLL4 or anti-mDLL4 delayed pancreatic tumor recurrence following termination of gemcitabine treatment, and the two together produced an additive effect. Anti-hDLL4 had a pronounced effect in reducing the tumorigenicity of pancreatic cancer cells based on serial transplantation and tumorsphere assays. In contrast, disruption of tumor angiogenesis with anti-mDLL4 alone or with anti-VEGF had minimal effects on tumorigenicity. Gene expression analyses indicated that anti-DLL4 treatment regulated genes that participate in Notch signaling, pancreatic differentiation, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Conclusions:Ourfindingssuggestanoveltherapeuticapproachforpancreaticcancertreatmentthrough antagonism of DLL4/Notch signaling. Clin Cancer Res; 18(19); 5374–86. � 2012 AACR.
Psychological benefits 2 and 4 weeks after a single treatment with near infrared light to the forehead: a pilot study of 10 patients with major depression and anxiety (2009)

Background: Many studies have reported beneficial effects from the application of near-infrared (NIR) light photobiomodulation (PBM) to the body, and one group has reported beneficial effects applying it to the brain in stroke patients. We have reported that the measurement of a patient's left and right hemispheric emotional valence (HEV) may clarify data and guide lateralized treatments. We sought to test whether a NIR treatment could 1. improve the psychological status of patients, 2. show a relationship between immediate psychological improvements when HEV was taken into account, and 3. show an increase in frontal pole regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), and 4. be applied without side effects. Methods: We gave 10 patients, (5 M/5 F) with major depression, including 9 with anxiety, 7 with a past history of substance abuse (6 with an opiate abuse and 1 with an alcohol abuse history), and 3 with post traumatic stress disorder, a baseline standard diagnostic interview, a Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), a Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), and a Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS). We then gave four 4-minute treatments in a random order: NIR to left forehead at F3, to right forehead at F4, and placebo treatments (light off) at the same sites. Immediately following each treatment we repeated the PANAS, and at 2-weeks and at 4-weeks post treatment we repeated all 3 rating scales. During all treatments we recorded total hemoglobin (cHb), as a measure of rCBF with a commercial NIR spectroscopy device over the left and the right frontal poles of the brain. Results: At 2-weeks post treatment 6 of 10 patients had a remission (a score ≤ 10) on the HAM-D and 7 of 10 achieved this on the HAM-A. Patients experienced highly significant reductions in both HAM-D and HAM-A scores following treatment, with the greatest reductions occurring at 2 weeks. Mean rCBF across hemispheres increased from 0.011 units in the off condition to 0.043 units in the on condition, for a difference of 0.032 (95% CI: -0.016, 0.080) units, though this result did not reach statistical significance. Immediately after treatment the PANAS improved to a significantly greater extent with NIR "on" relative to NIR "off" when a hemisphere with more positive HEV was treated than when one with more negative HEV was treated. We observed no side effects. Conclusion: This small feasibility study suggests that NIR-PBM may have utility for the treatment of depression and other psychiatric disorders and that double blind randomized placebo-controlled trials are indicated. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00961454
Name independent routing for growth bounded networks (2005)

A weighted undirected network is Δ growth-bounded if the number of nodes at distance 2r around any given node is at most Δ times the number of nodes at distance r around the node. Given a weighted undirected network with arbitrary node names and ε > 0, we present a routing scheme that routes along paths of stretch 1+ε and uses with high probability only O(1/εO (log Δ)log5n) bit routing tables per node.
Insertion of acetylenes into carbon-hydrogen bonds catalyzed by rhodium-trimethylphosphine complexes (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInsertion of acetylenes into carbon-hydrogen bonds catalyzed by rhodium-trimethylphosphine complexesWilliam T. Boese and Alan S. GoldmanCite this: Organometallics 1991, 10, 3, 782–786Publication Date (Print):March 27, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 27 March 1991https://doi.org/10.1021/om00049a045RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views416Altmetric-Citations97LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (686 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Table S1 from Targeting APLN/APLNR Improves Antiangiogenic Efficiency and Blunts Proinvasive Side Effects of VEGFA/VEGFR2 Blockade in Glioblastoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;APLN co-expressed genes are enriched for angiogenesis in glioblastoma subtypes&lt;/p&gt;
Trapezoidal Generalization over Linear Constraints (2018)

We are developing a model-based fuzzing framework that employs mathematical models of system behavior to guide the fuzzing process. Whereas traditional fuzzing frameworks generate tests randomly, a model-based framework can deduce tests from a behavioral model using a constraint solver. Because the state space being explored by the fuzzer is often large, the rapid generation of test vectors is crucial. The need to generate tests quickly, however, is antithetical to the use of a constraint solver. Our solution to this problem is to use the constraint solver to generate an initial solution, to generalize that solution relative to the system model, and then to perform rapid, repeated, randomized sampling of the generalized solution space to generate fuzzing tests. Crucial to the success of this endeavor is a generalization procedure with reasonable size and performance costs that produces generalized solution spaces that can be sampled efficiently. This paper describes a generalization technique for logical formulae expressed in terms of Boolean combinations of linear constraints that meets the unique performance requirements of model-based fuzzing. The technique represents generalizations using trapezoidal solution sets consisting of ordered, hierarchical conjunctions of linear constraints that are more expressive than simple intervals but are more efficient to manipulate and sample than generic polytopes. Supporting materials contain an ACL2 proof that verifies the correctness of a low-level implementation of the generalization algorithm against a specification of generalization correctness. Finally a post-processing procedure is described that results in a restricted trapezoidal solution that can be sampled (solved) rapidly and efficiently without backtracking, even for integer domains. While informal correctness arguments are provided, a formal proof of the correctness of the restriction algorithm remains as future work.