gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Portable wide-angle /spl gamma/-ray vision systems (1995)

The characteristics of two portable /spl gamma/-ray vision systems, which could be transported by a robot, have been explored and compared. The detector of the first system (CSPMT) consists of an array of 37 CsI(Na) scintillation crystals viewed by a single 5 inch diameter position-sensitive photomultiplier tube (PSPMT), while the second system (CSPD) employs an array of 40 CsI(Tl) scintillation detectors coupled to PIN silicon photodiodes. These devices are designed to operate in the energy range from 50 keV to 1.5 MeV, which encompasses most energies of /spl gamma/-ray radiation from the radioactive nuclides of interest to the nuclear industry. These systems have good angular resolutions of about 3/spl deg/ FWHM at the central field of view of 10/spl deg//spl times/10/spl deg/ or better when image reconstruction is employed, and coarser angular resolutions of about 10/spl deg/ FWHM elsewhere within a wide field of view of 50/spl deg//spl times/50/spl deg/. The energy resolution of both systems have been tested using individual detector elements, and the imaging performance of proposed full systems have been simulated using a prototype. Our results show that these devices should be good candidates for the next generation portable /spl gamma/-ray imaging systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
World Congress Integrative Medicine & Health 2017: part two (2017)

The aim of this study was to examine prevalence and associations for use of CAM among People diagnosed with, or with a family risk for CHD in the 6th Troms Study. Methods A total of 12982 men and women (response rate 65.7%) filled in a selfadministrated questionnaire with questions about life style and health issues. Eight hundred and thirty of those had been diagnosed with either heart attack and/or angina pectoris while 4830 had a family risk for such disease due to close family members diagnosed with such disease. Results CAM use (CAM provider, OTC CAM products and/or CAM techniques) was found in 30.2% of the participants diagnosed with CHD and 35.8% of the participants with family risk of CHD (p < 0.001). Selfrated health, expectations for future health, preventive health beliefs and health behaviour were significant predictors of CAM use for those at risk of CHD. In the CHD patient group only health behaviour and self-rated health were significantly associated with CAM use.
Discovery of AZD4625, a Covalent Allosteric Inhibitor of the Mutant GTPase KRASG12C (2022)

KRAS is an archetypal high-value intractable oncology drug target. The glycine to cysteine mutation at codon 12 represents an Achilles heel that has now rendered this important GTPase druggable. Herein, we report our structure-based drug design approach that led to the identification of <b>21</b>, AZD4625, a clinical development candidate for the treatment of KRAS<sup>G12C</sup> positive tumors. Highlights include a quinazoline tethering strategy to lock out a bio-relevant binding conformation and an optimization strategy focused on the reduction of extrahepatic clearance mechanisms seen in preclinical species. Crystallographic analysis was also key in helping to rationalize unusual structure-activity relationship in terms of ring size and enantio-preference. AZD4625 is a highly potent and selective inhibitor of KRAS<sup>G12C</sup> with an anticipated low clearance and high oral bioavailability profile in humans.
&lt;i&gt;Enhancement of alcohol oxidase and alcohol oxidase biosensors using high hydrostatic pressure &lt;/i&gt; (2019)

Abstract. We report the effect of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) on the activity and stability of alcohol oxidase (AOx) and alcohol oxidase biosensors. The in-situ activity of AOx was measured at 45 ÂºC from 0.1 MPa to 200 MPa using a high pressure optical cell with sapphire windows interfaced to a fiber optic spectrometer. Alcohol oxidase biosensors were fabricated by immobilization of AOx in poly-o-phenylendiamine by electrochemical polymerization in 5 mM o-phenylenediamine and 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) at 650 mV vs. Ag|AgCl at 0.1 MPa to 240 MPa on platinized platinum electrodes. The stability of biosensors was tested by either storing at room temperature for 14 days or heating at 50 ÂºC at 0.1 MPa for 10 min. The activity of both isozymes of AOx increased at high pressure. At 45 ÂºC, the activity of labile and resistant fraction was 1.5, 1.8, 1.4, 2.2, or 1.8 times greater at 40, 80, 120, 160, or 200 MPa compared to 0.1 MPa; the activity of resistant fraction was 1.2, 1.6, 2.0, 1.6, or 1.7 times greater at 40, 80, 120, 160, or 200 MPa compared to 0.1 MPa. However, high pressure during electropolymerization did not significantly affect the stability of biosensors upon depressurization regardless of the isozyme. High pressure applied during thermal inactivation of immobilized AOx didn‘t significantly affect the thermostability, either. The activating effect of HHP has potential to increase the biocatalysis of enzymes and reduce the economic cost in industry.
A Single-Electron Injection Device for CMOS Charge Qubits Implemented in 22-nm FD-SOI (2020)

This letter presents a single-electron injection device for position-based charge qubit structures implemented in 22-nm fully depleted silicon-on-insulator CMOS. Quantum dots are implemented in local well areas separated by tunnel barriers controlled by gate terminals overlapping with a thin 5-nm undoped silicon film. Interface of the quantum structure with classical electronic circuitry is provided with single-electron transistors that feature doped wells on the classic side. A small 0.7 ×0.4 μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> elementary quantum core is co-located with control circuitry inside the quantum operation cell which is operating at 3.5 K and a 2-GHz clock frequency. With this apparatus, we demonstrate a single-electron injection into a quantum dot.
Exponential decay of reconstruction error from binary measurements of sparse signals (2014)

Binary measurements arise naturally in a variety of statistical and engineering applications. They may be inherent to the problem---e.g., in determining the relationship between genetics and the presence or absence of a disease---or they may be a result of extreme quantization. In one-bit compressed sensing it has recently been shown that the number of one-bit measurements required for signal estimation mirrors that of unquantized compressed sensing. Indeed, $s$-sparse signals in $\mathbb{R}^n$ can be estimated (up to normalization) from $Ω(s \log (n/s))$ one-bit measurements. Nevertheless, controlling the precise accuracy of the error estimate remains an open challenge. In this paper, we focus on optimizing the decay of the error as a function of the oversampling factor $λ:= m/(s \log(n/s))$, where $m$ is the number of measurements. It is known that the error in reconstructing sparse signals from standard one-bit measurements is bounded below by $Ω(λ^{-1})$. Without adjusting the measurement procedure, reducing this polynomial error decay rate is impossible. However, we show that an adaptive choice of the thresholds used for quantization may lower the error rate to $e^{-Ω(λ)}$. This improves upon guarantees for other methods of adaptive thresholding as proposed in Sigma-Delta quantization. We develop a general recursive strategy to achieve this exponential decay and two specific polynomial-time algorithms which fall into this framework, one based on convex programming and one on hard thresholding. This work is inspired by the one-bit compressed sensing model, in which the engineer controls the measurement procedure. Nevertheless, the principle is extendable to signal reconstruction problems in a variety of binary statistical models as well as statistical estimation problems like logistic regression.
Fermentation of lignocellulosic sugars to acetic acid byMoorella thermoacetica (2016)

A systematic study of bioconversion of lignocellulosic sugars to acetic acid by Moorella thermoacetica (strain ATCC 39073) was conducted. Four different water-soluble fractions (hydrolysates) obtained after steam pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass were selected and fermented to acetic acid in batch fermentations. M. thermoacetica can effectively ferment xylose and glucose in hydrolysates from wheat straw, forest residues, switchgrass, and sugarcane straw to acetic acid. Xylose and glucose were completely utilized, with xylose being consumed first. M. thermoacetica consumed up to 62 % of arabinose, 49 % galactose and 66 % of mannose within 72 h of fermentation in the mixture of lignocellulosic sugars. The highest acetic acid yield was obtained from sugarcane straw hydrolysate, with 71 % of theoretical yield based on total sugars (17 g/L acetic acid from 24 g/L total sugars). The lowest acetic acid yield was observed in forest residues hydrolysate, with 39 % of theoretical yield based on total sugars (18 g/L acetic acid from 49 g/L total sugars). Process derived compounds from steam explosion pretreatment, including 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (0.4 g/L), furfural (0.1 g/L) and total phenolics (3 g/L), did not inhibit microbial growth and acetic acid production yield. This research identified two major factors that adversely affected acetic acid yield in all hydrolysates, especially in forest residues: (i) glucose to xylose ratio and (ii) incomplete consumption of arabinose, galactose and mannose. For efficient bioconversion of lignocellulosic sugars to acetic acid, it is imperative to have an appropriate balance of sugars in a hydrolysate. Hence, the choice of lignocellulosic biomass and steam pretreatment design are fundamental steps for the industrial application of this process.
Anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 activity and in vitro toxicity of 2'-deoxy-3'-thiacytidine (BCH-189), a novel heterocyclic nucleoside analog (1991)

We describe a novel nucleoside analog, 2'-deoxy-3'-thiacytidine (BCH-189), in which the 3' carbon of the ribose ring of 2'-deoxycytidine has been replaced by a sulfur atom. In MT-4 T cells, this compound had significant time- and dose-dependent antiviral activity against five different strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) (mean 50% inhibitory dose, 0.73 microM); known 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT)-resistant HIV-1 variants did not exhibit cross-resistance to it. BCH-189 also suppressed HIV-1 replication in the U937 monocytoid cell line as well as in primary cultures of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells; in these latter systems, suppression was fuller and longer lasting than that induced by AZT. Moreover, BCH-189 was less toxic than AZT in cell culture. BCH-189 may be a promising drug for the treatment of HIV-1-associated disease.
On the Utility of Semantic Constraints (2001)

Content creation for computer graphics applications is a laborious process that requires skilled personnel. One fundamental problem is that manipulation of 3D objects with 2D user interfaces is very difficult for nonexperienced users. In this paper, we describe a system that uses semantic constraints to restrict object motion in a 3D scene, making interaction much simpler and more intuitive. We compare three different levels of semantic constraints in a 3D scene manipulation program with a 2D user interface. We show that the presented techniques are significantly more efficient than alternate techniques, which do not use semantics in their constraints. To our knowledge, this is the first evaluation of 3D manipulation techniques with 2D devices and constraints.
Supplementary Materials and Methods and Supplementary Figures 1-3 from AMG 900, a Small-Molecule Inhibitor of Aurora Kinases, Potentiates the Activity of Microtubule-Targeting Agents in Human Metastatic Breast Cancer Models (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Materials and Methods; Supplementary Figure 1: Effects of AMG 900 on nuclear morphology and centrosome features are consistent with aurora-B inhibition in MDA-MB-231 cell line; Supplementary Figure 2: Elevated expression of ABC transporter gene ABCB1 and ABCB4 in MDA-MB-231 (F11) PTX-r cell line; Supplementary Figure 3: Cell-cycle profiles of TNBC cell lines treated with paclitaxel or ixabepilone.&lt;/p&gt;
Effect of extremely fine Y2BaCuO5 precipitates on the critical current density of melt-processed YBa2Cu3Ox (1997)

Based on previously developed melt processing methods, Y2BaCuO5 (211) precipitates with various size were obtained in YBa2Cu3Ox (123). In particular, a wide distribution of 211 size from 100 Å to 10 μm has been found to exist in the matrix of 123, and strongly effected the critical current density, Jc. An enhancement of Jc was always found to be associated with the presence of extremely fine 211 precipitates. The flux pinning by these precipitates can be understood by considering the interaction of flux lines with cavities. It was found that although the flux lines are strongly pinned by cavities, the effectiveness decreases with the increasing number of flux lines trapped by them.
Incorporating genetics into crop models to identify new phenotypes adapted to climate change (2023)

This chapter proposes a framework to develop new genotype (G) x management (M) technologies (G x M) to adapt to climate change, and to transition from current to future G x M technologies in a way that future food security does not come at the expense of current food security. The framework integrate genomic, agronomic, and environmental (E) predictors to accomplish two critical goals: 1-predict emergent phenotypes that stems from the dynamic interplay between G, E and M, and thus enable the breeder to consider the behavior of new genetic and trait combinations in environments that plants have not been exposed or tested before, and 2-identify G x M technologies that could increase food and nutritional security while regenerating natural and production resources.
Nano-engineered crystalline silicon for enhanced photoluminesence and 1.28μm laser action: a study of mechanisms (2007)

1.278&#956;m laser emission has been observed in a SOI structure which has been nanopatterned to contain an array of nanopores. The optical transition is known to be associated with phononless recombination mediated by the bistable, carbon-related <i>G</i>-center. A physical model is proposed to explain the enhanced optical activity of the <i>G</i>-centers in the presence of the nanopore array. The effects of the SOI, strain, dielectric modification and breaking of phonon <i>k</i>-selection rules on the optical properties of the nanopatterned silicon are addressed. Temperature limitations are discussed.
Uro-Science (2010)

No AccessJournal of UrologyInvestigative Urology1 Dec 2010Uro-Science Anthony AtalaM.D. Anthony AtalaAnthony Atala More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2010.08.068AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail © 2010 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 184Issue 6December 2010Page: 2591-2594 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2010 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Anthony Atala More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Low Noise Wide Dynamic Range Image Sensor Readout using Multiple Reads During Integration (MRDI) (2002)

Thermal noise sets the fundamental detection limit for silicon photodiode based image sensors. In this paper we present a technique for nondestructively reading PDI image sensors, called multiple read during integration (MRDI), which reduces thermal read noise by using oversampling. This paper discusses the operation of MRDI, presents an illumination estimator, and analyzes the resulting noise and dynamic range of this estimator. We show that the dynamic range of an image sensor can be increased by O(n 3 2), where n is the number of times the sensor is readout while photocharge is being integrated. A real-time algorithm is presented for processing MRDI pixel data. Measured data from a PDI-CIS600B sensor is reported and compared with theory.
Identification of a Transferable Two-Amino-Acid Motif (GT) Present in the C-Terminal Tail of the Human Lutropin Receptor that Redirects Internalized G Protein-Coupled Receptors from a Degradation to a Recycling Pathway (2003)

Although highly homologous in amino acid sequence, the agonist-receptor complexes formed by the human lutropin receptor (hLHR) and rat (r) LHR follow different intracellular routes. The agonist-rLHR complex is routed mostly to a lysosomal degradation pathway whereas a substantial portion of the agonist-hLHR complex is routed to a recycling pathway. In a previous study, we showed that grafting a five-residue sequence (GTALL) present in the C-terminal tail of the hLHR into the equivalent position of the rLHR redirects a substantial portion of the internalized agonist-rLHR complex to a recycling pathway. Using a number of mutations of the GTALL motif, we now show that only the first two residues (GT) of this motif are necessary and sufficient to induce recycling of the internalized agonist-rLHR complex. Phosphoamino acid analysis and mutations of the GT motif show that phosphorylation of the threonine residue is not necessary for recycling. Lastly, we show that addition of portions of the C-terminal tail of the hLHR that include the GT motif to the C-terminal tails of the rat follitropin or murine delta-opioid receptors promotes the post-endocytotic recycling of these G protein-coupled receptors.We conclude that the GT motif present in the C-terminal tail of the hLHR is a transferable motif that promotes the postendocytotic recycling of several G protein-coupled receptors and that the GT-induced recycling does not require the phosphorylation of the threonine residue.
ChemInform Abstract: Formation of High Quality Pure Aluminum Films by Low Kinetic Energy Particle Bombardment. (1990)

Abstract A newly developed thin film sputter deposition technology denoted "low kinetic energy particle process" is used for the preparation of pure Al films and the films are characterized in detail.
Murine Models Demonstrate Distinct Vasculogenic and Cardiomyogenic cKit + Lineages in the Heart (2016)

After 2 recent genetic studies in mice addressing the developmental origins and regenerative activity of cardiac cKit+ cells, 2 additional reports by Sultana et al and Liu et al provide further information on the expression of cKit in the embryonic and adult hearts. Here, we synthesize the findings from the 4 distinct cKit models to gain insights into the biology of this important cell type.
Maintenance and Crew Considerations in Fleet Assignment (1996)

Given a flight schedule, which is a set of flight segments with specified departure and arrival times, and a set of aircraft, the fleet assignment problem is to determine which aircraft type should fly each flight segment. The objective is to maximize revenue minus operating costs. In the basic fleet assignment problem considered by Hane et al. (Hane, C. A., C. Barnhart, E. L. Johnson, R. E. Marsten, G. L. Nemhauser, G. Sigismondi. 1995. The fleet assignment problem: Solving a large-scale integer program. Math. Programming 70 211–232.) a daily, domestic fleet assignment problem is modeled and solved with up to eleven fleets and 2,500 flight legs. This paper provides modeling devices for including maintenance and crew considerations into the basic model while retaining its solvability.
Transparency of Anisotropic Films Made by Polymerization of UV-Curable Liquid Crystals (2001)

Abstract Influence of photopolymerization condition of UV-curable liquid crystals on the transparency of optical anisotropic plastic films was investigated. Nematic phase was observed at room temperature in novel compositions investigated in this study. Transparency of the optical anisotropic films was improved by adding the swallow-tailed compounds to UCL-001. Diffusion transmittance reduced as increasing either intensity or total energy of UV irradiation. Retardation of these films decreased as increasing not only intensity but also total energy of irradiated UV light. It was suggested that haze was caused by light scattering from small regions of differing refractive index. Retardation and total transmittance showed opposite behavior against the conditions of UV irradiation.
Intra-graft expression of genes involved in iron homeostasis predicts the development of operational tolerance in human liver transplantation (2011)

Following organ transplantation, lifelong immunosuppressive therapy is required to prevent the host immune system from destroying the allograft. This can cause severe side effects and increased recipient morbidity and mortality. Complete cessation of immunosuppressive drugs has been successfully accomplished in selected transplant recipients, providing proof of principle that operational allograft tolerance is attainable in clinical transplantation. The intra-graft molecular pathways associated with successful drug withdrawal, however, are not well defined. In this study, we analyzed sequential blood and liver tissue samples collected from liver transplant recipients enrolled in a prospective multicenter immunosuppressive drug withdrawal clinical trial. Before initiation of drug withdrawal, operationally tolerant and non-tolerant recipients differed in the intra-graft expression of genes involved in the regulation of iron homeostasis. Furthermore, as compared with non-tolerant recipients, operationally tolerant patients exhibited higher serum levels of hepcidin and ferritin and increased hepatocyte iron deposition. Finally, liver tissue gene expression measurements accurately predicted the outcome of immunosuppressive withdrawal in an independent set of patients. These results point to a critical role for iron metabolism in the regulation of intra-graft alloimmune responses in humans and provide a set of biomarkers to conduct drug-weaning trials in liver transplantation.
Peripheral Nerve Matrix Hydrogel Promotes Recovery after Nerve Transection and Repair (2023)

This article describes an approach for subepineural injection at the site of nerve coaptation to modulate the response to injury and improve outcomes.
Limited Flavivirus Cross-Reactive Antibody Responses Elicited by a Zika Virus Deoxyribonucleic Acid Vaccine Candidate in Humans (2021)

Zika virus (ZIKV) deoxyribonucleic acid vaccine VRC5283 encoding viral structural genes has been shown to be immunogenic in humans. Recognizing that antigenically related flaviviruses cocirculate in regions with ZIKV activity, we explored the degree of antibody cross-reactivity elicited by this vaccine candidate using genetically diverse flaviviruses. The antibody response of vaccinated individuals with no evidence of prior flavivirus infection or vaccine experience had a limited capacity to bind heterologous viruses. In contrast, vaccine-elicited antibodies from individuals with prior flavivirus experience had a greater capacity to bind, but not neutralize, distantly related flaviviruses. These findings suggest that prior flavivirus exposure shapes the humoral immune response to vaccination.
Single versus Double Routing of the Band in the Combat Application Tourniquet (2013)

CAT band routing, through the buckle either singly or doubly, affects two key performance criteria: time to stop bleeding and volume of blood lost. Single routing proved to be faster, thereby saving more blood. Learning curves required to optimize user performance varied over 30-fold depending on which variable was selected (e.g., effectiveness vs. blood loss).