gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Integration of NOMA With Reflecting Intelligent Surfaces: A Multi-Cell Optimization With SIC Decoding Errors (2023)

Reflecting intelligent surfaces (RIS) has gained significant attention due to its high energy and spectral efficiency in next-generation wireless networks. By using low-cost passive reflecting elements, RIS can smartly reconfigure the signal propagation to extend the wireless communication coverage. On the other hand, non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has been proven as a key air interface technique for supporting massive connections over limited resources. Utilizing the superposition coding and successive interference cancellation (SIC) techniques, NOMA can multiplex multiple users over the same spectrum and time resources by allocating different power levels. This paper proposes a new optimization scheme in a multi-cell RIS-NOMA network to enhance the spectral efficiency under SIC decoding errors. In particular, the power budget of the base station and the transmit power of NOMA users while the passive beamforming of RIS is simultaneously optimized in each cell. Due to objective function and quality of service constraints, the joint problem is formulated as non-convex, which is very complex and challenging to obtain the optimal global solution. To reduce the complexity and make the problem tractable, we first decouple the original problem into two sub-problems for power allocation and passive beamforming. Then, the efficient solution of each sub-problem is obtained in two-steps. In the first-step of For power allocation sub-problem, we transform it to a convex problem by the inner approximation method and then solve it through a standard convex optimization solver in the second-step. Accordingly, in the first-step of passive beamforming, it is transformed into a standard semi-definite programming problem by successive convex approximation and different of convex programming methods. Then, penalty based method is used to achieve a Rank-1 solution for passive beamforming in second-step. Numerical results demonstrate the benefits of the proposed optimization scheme in the multi-cell RIS-NOMA network.
2A1-M05 An Inchworm Robot using Electro-conjugate Fluid(Microrobot & Micromachine) (2013)

An Electro-conjugate Fluid (ECF) is a kind of functional fluid, which produces a flow (ECF flow) when subjected to high DC voltage. This study develops a novel inchworm robot having sucker at its front/rear ends which are driven by the ECF flow. The robot imitates the movement pattern of inchworm, and the motion is also generated by the ECF flow. First, we developed and evaluated the sucker, which is integrated with a pressure source, and the expansion/contraction actuator. Next, we developed the robot with 68 mm long, 10 mm wide and 9.5 g weight. Finally, we conducted moving experiments of the robot on an acrylic board. The robot could move on a horizontal surface, and surfaces with inclination of 40 degrees or less.
Triple-wavelength-band WDM transmission over cascaded dispersion-shifted fibers (1999)

Optical networks based on wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) transmission sys-terns with abundant number of wavelengths have been recognized as the best way to supply enormous capacity as well as advanced functions such as those offered by the optical path architecture [1].
An exploration of climate data using complex networks (2010)

Climate change is a pressing focus of research, social and economic concern, and political attention. According to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), increased frequency of extreme events will only intensify the occurrence of natural hazards, affecting global population, health, and economies. It is of keen interest to identify "regions" of similar climatological behavior to discover spatial relationships in climate variables, including long-range teleconnections. To that end, we consider a complex networks-based representation of climate data. Cross correlation is used to weight network edges, thus respecting the temporal nature of the data, and a community detection algorithm identifies multivariate clusters. Examining networks for consecutive periods allows us to study structural changes over time. We show that communities have a climatological interpretation and that disturbances in structure can be an indicator of climate events (or lackthereof). Finally, we discuss how this model can be applied for the discovery of more complex concepts such as unknown teleconnections or the development of multivariate climate indices and predictive insights.
Electrocardiographic findings in a partly urbanised Polynesian population. The Funafuti survey. (1980)

Electrocardiographic changes defined as probable or suspect ischaemic heart disease and coded according to the Minnesota coding system, were found in 14 (10.3 percent) of 136 Funafutians surveyed. Of these abnormal electrocardiograms, nine were classified as "probable" ischaemia and five as "suspect" ischaemia. There was a higher prevalence of electrocardiographic ischaemia in the female population compared with the male population of Funafuti. This is consistent with the greater degree of obesity and higher prevalence of diabetes previously reported in females in this population.
Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis during polystyrene microsphere-induced pulmonary embolism in the rat (2003)

Our objective was to test the effect of inhibition of thromboxane synthase versus inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1/2 on pulmonary gas exchange and heart function during simulated pulmonary embolism (PE) in the rat. PE was induced in rats via intrajugular injection of polystyrene microspheres (25 micro m). Rats were randomized to one of three posttreatments: 1) placebo (saline), 2) thromboxane synthase inhibition (furegrelate sodium), or 3) COX-1/2 inhibition (ketorolac tromethamine). Control rats received no PE. Compared with controls, placebo rats had increased thromboxane B(2) (TxB(2)) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and increased urinary dinor TxB(2). Furegrelate and ketorolac treatments reduced TxB(2) and dinor TxB(2) to control levels or lower. Both treatments significantly decreased the alveolar dead space fraction, but neither treatment altered arterial oxygenation compared with placebo. Ketorolac increased in vivo mean arterial pressure and ex vivo left ventricular pressure (LVP) and right ventricular pressure (RVP). Furegrelate improved RVP but not LVP. Experimental PE increased lung and systemic production of TxB(2). Inhibition at the COX-1/2 enzyme was equally as effective as inhibition of thromboxane synthase at reducing alveolar dead space and improving heart function after PE.
A portable measurement system for prosthetic triaxial force transducers (1995)

A portable system was developed to process and store normal and shear stress data measured at thirteen sites at the stump-socket interface of lower-limb amputees. Forces and moments measured in the prosthetic shank were also processed and stored. Custom-designed sensors and small-size signal conditioning units described in detail elsewhere (Sanders and Daly, 1993; Sanders et al., 1995) were mounted on the prosthesis to take the measurements. The data collection unit, described in detail in this communication, was a Motorola HC16 microcontroller with appropriate peripherals and custom-written software. A 4 Mbyte PCMCIA card was used for data storage. The system collected data for approximately 5 minutes of continuous monitoring or for segmented trials of durations specified by the user. Evaluation tests showed good linearity with minimal hysteresis, though there was some 10-90 mV peak-to-peak noise on the stored data. The principal source of noise was interference between wires in the belt pack instrumentation. The noise can be reduced in the future by changing from a wire-wrapped board configuration to a printed circuit design. Use of the system on an amputee subject showed data of similar magnitude to that collected with a stationary system (cables to a computer data acquisition unit). The system win be used to collect data to improve understanding of how prosthesis design features effect interface stress distributions and also to evaluate stump-socket finite element models. Finite element models are computer-based tools that potentially will predict interface stresses for proposed socket designs and thus enhance the prosthetic design process.
Hormonal influence on the secretory immune system of the eye: androgen control of secretory component production by the rat exorbital gland. (1984)

Androgens are known to regulate the level of secretory component (SC) in tears of male rats. The purpose of the present study was to explore the underlying mechanism of this hormone action by (i) identifying the ocular tissue(s) involved in SC production; and (ii) determining whether androgens increase SC production by this tissue. We also examined whether androgen administration influenced the concentration of SC in tears of female rats. Ocular tissues from adult Sprague-Dawley rats were cultured in the presence or absence of cycloheximide in the incubation medium. Secretory component in the culture media was measured by an RIA which detects primarily free SC. Analysis of media obtained after incubation of exorbital (lacrimal) glands, 'lid' tissues, globes, and Harderian glands revealed that only exorbital glands released substantial amounts of SC. This exorbital gland production of SC, which was significantly greater in tissues from male rats, as compared to those of female rats, was reduced by approximately 50% when cycloheximide was present in the culture medium. To determine whether SC production by exorbital glands was influenced by androgens, orchiectomized glands was influenced by androgens, orchiectomized rats were administered either saline or testosterone (2.0 mg/day for 4 days), and exorbital glands were cultured 24 hr after the last injection. Testosterone treatment in vivo induced a significant, cycloheximide-sensitive increase in SC production in vitro, compared to the glandular SC output of saline-injected controls. It is interesting that similar androgen treatment of ovariectomized females also resulted in elevated tear SC concentrations and enhanced output of SC by their exorbital glands in vitro. These findings indicate that the exorbital gland is primarily responsible for SC production in the rat eye and that androgens may modulate the synthesis of SC in this gland.
Wild African elephants (Loxodonta africana) discriminate between familiar and unfamiliar conspecific seismic alarm calls (2007)

The ability to discriminate between call types and callers as well as more subtle information about the importance of a call has been documented in a range of species. This type of discrimination is also important in the vibrotactile environment for species that communicate via vibrations. It has recently been shown that African elephants (Loxodonta africana) can detect seismic cues, but it is not known whether they discriminate seismic information from noise. In a series of experiments, familiar and unfamiliar alarm calls were transmitted seismically to wild African elephant family groups. Elephants respond significantly to the alarm calls of familiar herds (p=0.004) but not to the unfamiliar calls and two different controls, thus demonstrating the ability of elephants to discriminate subtle differences between seismic calls given in the same context. If elephants use the seismic environment to detect and discriminate between conspecific calls, based on the familiarity of the caller or some other physical property, they may be using the ground as a very sophisticated sounding board.
Short develop time process with novel develop application system (2004)

A short develop time process was investigated and assessed in terms of various pattern features of a resist. Process latitude for a positive DUV resist was evaluated for various pitches of line-and-space patterns and contact hole patterns for different develop times. It was found that the process latitude, depth of focus (DOF) and exposure latitude (EL) were improved by shortening develop time for various pattern features. The characteristics of CD variation to develop time for each pattern feature agree with the suggestion in our previous paper that expanding resist process latitude was strongly correlated with the resist develop rate and that terminating the develop reaction while the resist develop rate remained large was the key to expanding the process latitude. The short develop time process contributed to the larger &#947; characteristics of the resist, a smaller thickness loss and also a lesser degree of surface roughness in the resist pattern, which led to an appropriate resist pattern for the semiconductor process. A novel develop application system was developed by considering the loci of movements of Dainippon Screen’s (DNS) slit-scan develop nozzle and a rinse nozzle on the wafer. It was found that the novel develop application system achieved highly accurate CD controllability while realizing the benefits of the short develop time process.
Low-power Networks-on-Chip: Progress and remaining challenges (2013)

After a long period of academic and industrial research, networks-on-chips (NoCs) are starting to be incorporated into commercial multi-processor designs. NoCs have proven themselves to scale better than bus-based designs and they are here to stay. It is still important to note, however, that even well-designed NoCs consume a large portion of a given system's power budget. This brief paper and accompanying presentation discuss what options are available to designers who need to reduce NoC power consumption, their benefits, and their limitations. Techniques discussed here include general NoC system design as well as disruptive interconnect mediums and their associated strategies.
Stable Single-Longitudinal-Mode Grating-Based S-Band Erbium-Doped Fiber Laser (2006)

We propose and demonstrate a single-longitudinal-mode (SLM) grating-based erbium fiber laser with a passive multiple-ring cavity structure in S-band operation. The laser is fundamentally structured by adding three different short ring cavities, which serve as the mode filters, into a major ring cavity. When an S-band mode-restricting intracavity fiber Bragg grating is combined, the proposed resonator can guarantee a SLM laser oscillation. Proposed fiber laser effectively suppresses the side-mode frequencies of 1 GHz and provides an output power of 0.1 dBm with a side-mode suppression ratio (SMSR) of 48.6 dB at 1513.35 nm.
ChemInform Abstract: Aza‐Morita—Baylis—Hillman‐Type Reactions: Highly Enantioselective Organocatalytic Addition of Unmodified α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes to N‐Boc Protected Imines. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Serial Analysis of Gene Expression in Human Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells (1999)

Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells in the immune system and can be generated in vitro from hematopoietic progenitor cells in the bone marrow, CD34(+) cord blood cells, precursor cells in the peripheral blood, and blood monocytes by culturing with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin-4, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. We have performed serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) in DCs derived from human blood monocytes. A total of 58,540 tag sequences from a DC complementary DNA (cDNA) library represented more than 17,000 different genes, and these data were compared with SAGE analysis of tags from monocytes (Mo) and GM-CSF-induced macrophages (M open diamond). Many of the genes that were differentially expressed in DCs were identified as genes encoding proteins related to cell structure and cell motility. Interestingly, the highly expressed genes in DCs encode chemokines such as TARC, MDC, and MCP-4, which preferentially chemoattract Th2-type lymphocytes. Although DCs have been considered to be very heterogeneous, the identification of specific genes expressed in human Mo-derived DCs should provide candidate genes to define subsets of, the function of, and the maturation stage of DCs and possibly also to diagnose diseases in which DCs play a significant role, such as autoimmune diseases and neoplasms. This study represents the first extensive gene expression analysis in any type of DCs.
Modified G2 weak post W-beam guardrail crash test (2013)

In this article, the authors use the Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware (MASH) to assess the safety performance of widely used nonproprietary roadside safety features including longitudinal barriers; terminals and crash cushions; transitions; and breakaway supports. An impact test for a Modified G2 Weak Post W-Beam guardrail was conducted using a 2007 Chevrolet Silverado 4-door pickup as the test vehicle. The vehicle had a Test Inertia Weight of 5004 lbs and impacted the guardrail at a speed of 62.4 miles per hour at an angle of 24.6 degrees. The guardrail was found to perform acceptably when impacted by the vehicle, containing and redirecting the vehicle; the vehicle did not penetrate, underride or override the weak post guardrail.
Damage-Free Post-CMP Cleaning Solution for Low-<i>k</i> Fluorocarbon on Advanced Interconnects (2009)

As technology node progressing, ultra low-k film has been implemented to reduce RC delay in LSI circuit. A fluorocarbon (CFx) film is proposed as foreground ultra low-k film because of non-porous structure [1]. Although CFx film is expected to be stable for its structure advantage, damage-less process is anticipated to avoid dielectric constants change in subsequence process steps [2]. CMP and post CMP process are concerned to bring damage on devices, so the effect of post CMP cleaning solutions on CFx structure and electric property is evaluated.
Secondary hormonal therapy for prostate cancer: what lies on the horizon? (2007)

Androgen deprivation therapy with medical or surgical castration is generally the first-line treatment against advanced prostate cancer. Almost invariably, metastatic prostate cancer overcomes testosterone depletion and grows, despite castrate levels of testosterone. Despite advances in cytotoxic chemotherapy, secondary hormonal therapies are often used after the development of castrate-resistant prostate cancer. Secondary hormonal therapies either lower the androgen levels further or directly antagonize the androgen receptor in prostate cancer cells. We discuss novel secondary hormonal agents that are under development, which work by either inhibiting androgen synthesis or directly targeting the androgen receptor.
Tri-halide vapor-phase epitaxy of GaN using GaCl3 on polar, semipolar, and nonpolar substrates (2016)

Abstract Homoepitaxial tri-halide vapor-phase epitaxy (THVPE) growth on polar, semipolar, and nonpolar bulk GaN substrates was demonstrated using GaCl 3 as the precursor. The influence of the surface orientation of the substrate on GaN growth by THVPE was compared with that observed for GaN grown by hydride vapor-phase epitaxy. The dependence of the GaN growth on the surface orientation of the substrate was confirmed; GaN could be grown on , , , , and but not on , , , or . This behavior was explained to be due to the changes in adsorption energy, the magnitudes of which were estimated by theoretical calculations.
Quantum dot active regions based on diblock copolymer nanopatterning and selective MOCVD growth (2011)

Structural and optical properties of quantum dots fabricated using diblock copolymer lithography and selective MOCVD growth are reported. Tensile-strained (In <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</sub> As) and compressively-strained (InAs) QDs on InP exhibit luminescence near 1.4 and 2.1 μm respectively.
Kinetische Betrachtungen und Modellrechnungen zur kontinuierlichen Regeneration von NFZ-Dieselrußpartikelabscheidesystemen (2005)

Zur Vorhersage der kontinuierlichen Deposition und Oxidation von Dieselrußpartikeln wird ein mathematisches Modell entwickelt. Damit können Partikelabscheidesysteme hinsichtlich der kontinuierlichen Regeneration in Abgassystemen von Nutzfahrzeugen simuliert und optimiert werden.
Interindividual variability in expression and activity of human beta-glucuronidase in liver and kidney: consequences for drug metabolism. (1997)

Glucuronidation of drugs represents a major pathway of human drug metabolism. Numerous studies show that the glucuronides formed can accumulate during chronic therapy and/or have direct pharmacological activity. In both cases, cleavage of the glucuronide by human beta-glucuronidase (beta-Gluc) would release the parent compound, thereby modifying drug disposition. Variability in expression of beta-Gluc could therefore be a confounding factor for interindividual variability in drug disposition both in the setting of accumulating glucuronides or for the use of glucuronides as prodrugs, such as the nontoxic glucuronide-spacer derivative of doxorubicin (Dox-S-G). We therefore investigated expression and function of beta-Gluc in human liver (n = 30) and human kidney (n = 18). Cleavage of the model compound 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucuronide (MUG) revealed a wide range of activities in liver (0.32-1.85 mumol/mg/h, mean value 0.87 +/- 0.34 mumol/mg/h) and kidney (0.07-1.00 mumol/mg/h, mean 0.39 +/- 0.21 mumol/mg/h), which followed a log normal distribution. Variable enzyme activity was closely correlated to enzyme expression as assessed by Western blotting (r = 0.80, P < .001 and r = 0.71, P < .05 for liver and kidney, respectively). Glycyrrhizin (Ki = 470 and 570 microM), estradiol 3-glucuronide (Ki = 0.9 and 1.2 mM) and paracetamol glucuronide (Ki = 1.6 and 2 mM) were found to inhibit beta-Gluc activity competitively in liver and kidney, respectively. Enzyme kinetics were investigated in detail for MUG and Dox-S-G. Whereas MUG followed monophasic Michaelis-Menten kinetics in liver (K(m) = 1.32 +/- 0.25 mM, Vmax = 1201 +/- 462 nmol/mg/h, n = 3) and kidney (K(m) = 1.04 +/- 0.05 mM, Vmax = 521 +/- 267 nmol/mg/h, n = 3), cleavage of Dox-S-G was best described by the Hill equation, which indicated a cooperative substrate binding pattern of Dox-S-G. In summary, beta-Gluc function shows wide interindividual variability in human liver and kidney that is due to different steady-state levels of the enzyme. Moreover, enzyme kinetics are substrate-dependent, with Dox-S-G showing a cooperative binding. These data indicate the possibility of wide interindividual variability in beta-Gluc-mediated cleavage of drug glucuronides in the human.
Initial Treatment With Lansoprazole in Young Dyspeptic Patients With Negative Urea Breath Test Result: A Randomized Controlled Trial With 12-Month Follow-Up (2007)

Lansoprazole is not effective in the initial management of young dyspeptic patients without H. pylori infection.