gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gain of 17q24-qter detected by comparative genomic hybridization in malignant tumors from patients with von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis. (1996)

The genetic changes leading to the development of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are largely unknown. The few tumors that have been investigated cytogenetically had highly complex karyotypes and no consistent rearrangements, and the attempts to pinpoint consistent DNA-level changes have met with only limited success. We used comparative genomic hybridization to analyze seven MPNSTs and one dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans from eight patients with von Recklinghausen's disease (neurofibromatosis type 1), as well as three sporadic MPNSTs. Gains and losses of DNA sequences were found in all tumors, with an average of four losses (range, 0-14) and two gains (range, 0-5) per tumor. Two striking observations were made: (a) an increase in copy number of the distal part of the long arm of chromosome 17, with the smallest region of overlap 17q24-qter, was seen in five of seven MPNSTs and in the only dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, all of which were from patients with neurofibromatosis, whereas none of the three sporadic MPNSTs had this alteration; and (b) loss of 13q, with the smallest region of overlap 13q14-q21, was found in 6 of 10 MPNSTs. The consistent involvement of these two chromosomal regions probably reflects two different pathogenetic mechanisms for MPNSTs.
Mechanical properties of welds in aluminum alloy 5083 at 4K. Final report (1982)

A series of weldments were prepared by five cooperating companies in 51 mm thick 5083-0 aluminum plate using 5183 metal and gas metal arc welding (GMAW) processes. Tensile and notch-tensile properties measured at room temperature and at 4K are similar despite the fact that there were considerable variations in the welding procedures. Fracture toughness and fatigue crack growth rates of the weldments were measured at 4K and found to be similar to base metal properties. Strengths of the welds are appreciably higher at 4K than at room temperature, and notch yield ratios are high, indicating that the welds are tough. Data for each of the mechanical properties do not vary significantly from weld to weld; and it is concluded that the mechanical properties of 5183 welds at 4K do not depend significantly on GMAW parameters and procedures.
3-Hexylthiophene as a Stabilizing Additive for High Voltage Cathodes in Lithium-Ion Batteries (2012)

3-Hexylthiophene was incorporated into battery electrolyte as a life-extending additive. Upon oxidation, this monomer forms a conductive, conjugated polymer, resulting in significant increase in the cycle lifetimes of lithium half-cells containing high capacity Li1.2Ni0.15Co0.1Mn0.55O2 and high voltage LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathodes. This additive significantly reduces the interfacial impedance growth observed in the cell without additive, which indicates an effective protection of the interface when using 3-hexythiophene. We also observed an improvement in safety when 3-hexylthiophene was incorporated. Electron microscopy images show the new polymer on the cathode surface, specifically poly(3-hexylthiophene) as supported by characterization of the cathode surface using vibrational spectroscopy (Raman and infrared) and mass spectrometry (MALDI).
Teraflop FPGA Design (2011)

User requirements for signal processing have increased in line with, or greater than, the increase in FPGA resources and capability. Many current signal processing algorithms require floating point, especially for military applications such as radar. Also, the increasing system complexity of these designs necessitate increased designer productivity, and floating point allows an easier implementation of the system model than the fixed point arithmetic that FPGA devices have been traditionally architected for. This article will review devices and methods for achieving consistent high performance system implementations in floating point. Single device designs at over 200 GFLOPs at the 40 nm node, and approaching 1 Teraflop at 28 nm will be described.
Soft counting networks for bone marrow differentials (2002)

Differential white cell counts from bone marrow preparations are very useful in evaluation of various hematologic disorders. It is tedious to locate, identify, and count these classes of cells, even by skilled hands. Automation of classification and counting would be of great benefit. However, the class structure of bone marrow or peripheral blood cells is not discrete; it represents a biological continuum of maturation levels. Because of this, there is uncertainty and overlap in characteristics of adjacent cell classes such that traditional pattern recognition techniques have difficulty in arriving at accurate cell counts. The authors investigate soft counting networks that are trained to produce accurate overall class counts by allowing cells to have degrees of membership in multiple cell classes. This approach is applied to a bone marrow cell library and is compared with other standard recognition algorithms.
Acoustic Siting and Verification of the Holding Capacity of Embedment Anchors (1978)

In order to determine the holding capacity of a direct embedment anchor, a 3.5 kHz battery-powered pinger system (Pinger Probe) has been developed, tested and evaluated. In some applications, use of the Pinger Probe can eliminate the necessity for a pre-installation site-survey, and can eliminate navigational errors resulting from attempts to reoccupy a favorable site (by providing the capability for simultaneous siting and installation). The Pinger Probe works like a bottom-finding pinger providing, in addition, data on subbottom reflectors. By monitoring the acoustic returns on the ship's precision depth recorder, the following data are provided in real time during the anchor implantment: (1) soil thickness over bedrock, (2) an indication of soil type, (3) sediment stratification and seafloor topography with better horizontal and vertical resolution than from surface-operated systems, and (4) a measure of anchor fluke embedment. (Author)
‘Fit-for-purpose?’ – challenges and opportunities for applications of blockchain technology in the future of healthcare (2019)

Blockchain is a shared distributed digital ledger technology that can better facilitate data management, provenance and security, and has the potential to transform healthcare. Importantly, blockchain represents a data architecture, whose application goes far beyond Bitcoin - the cryptocurrency that relies on blockchain and has popularized the technology. In the health sector, blockchain is being aggressively explored by various stakeholders to optimize business processes, lower costs, improve patient outcomes, enhance compliance, and enable better use of healthcare-related data. However, critical in assessing whether blockchain can fulfill the hype of a technology characterized as 'revolutionary' and 'disruptive', is the need to ensure that blockchain design elements consider actual healthcare needs from the diverse perspectives of consumers, patients, providers, and regulators. In addition, answering the real needs of healthcare stakeholders, blockchain approaches must also be responsive to the unique challenges faced in healthcare compared to other sectors of the economy. In this sense, ensuring that a health blockchain is 'fit-for-purpose' is pivotal. This concept forms the basis for this article, where we share views from a multidisciplinary group of practitioners at the forefront of blockchain conceptualization, development, and deployment.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Progress in Radiofluorination of Peptides for PET Molecular Imaging (2011)

Abstract Review: 68 refs.
AutoDS: Towards Human-Centered Automation of Data Science (2021)

Data science (DS) projects often follow a lifecycle that consists of laborious tasks for data scientists and domain experts (e.g., data exploration, model training, etc.). Only till recently, machine learning(ML) researchers have developed promising automation techniques to aid data workers in these tasks. This paper introduces AutoDS, an automated machine learning (AutoML) system that aims to leverage the latest ML automation techniques to support data science projects. Data workers only need to upload their dataset, then the system can automatically suggest ML configurations, preprocess data, select algorithm, and train the model. These suggestions are presented to the user via a web-based graphical user interface and a notebook-based programming user interface. Our goal is to offer a systematic investigation of user interaction and perceptions of using an AutoDS system in solving a data science task. We studied AutoDS with 30 professional data scientists, where one group used AutoDS, and the other did not, to complete a data science project. As expected, AutoDS improves productivity; Yet surprisingly, we find that the models produced by the AutoDS group have higher quality and less errors, but lower human confidence scores. We reflect on the findings by presenting design implications for incorporating automation techniques into human work in the data science lifecycle.
Angiogenic gene modification of skeletal muscle cells to compensate for ageing‐induced decline in bioengineered functional muscle tissue (2008)

This pilot study showed that there was an age-related decline in the size and function of bioengineered muscle; however, there was an improvement in volume and function when the muscle cells were expressing VEGF.
Experimental Demonstration of Free-Space sub-THz Communications Link Using Multiplexing of Beams Having Two Different LG Modal Indices (2021)

We experimentally demonstrate a free-space sub-THz communication link using multiplexing of beams carrying two different LG modal indices. Multiplexed LG <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2,0</inf> and LG <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1,1</inf> beams each carrying a 1-Gbaud QPSK data channel at 300 GHz carrier frequency are transmitted over 40 cm link distance.
Closing the Gap in the Capacity of Wireless Networks Via Percolation Theory (2007)

An achievable bit rate per source-destination pair in a wireless network of n randomly located nodes is determined adopting the scaling limit approach of statistical physics. It is shown that randomly scattered nodes can achieve, with high probability, the same 1/radicn transmission rate of arbitrarily located nodes. This contrasts with previous results suggesting that a 1/radicnlogn reduced rate is the price to pay for the randomness due to the location of the nodes. The network operation strategy to achieve the result corresponds to the transition region between order and disorder of an underlying percolation model. If nodes are allowed to transmit over large distances, then paths of connected nodes that cross the entire network area can be easily found, but these generate excessive interference. If nodes transmit over short distances, then such crossing paths do not exist. Percolation theory ensures that crossing paths form in the transition region between these two extreme scenarios. Nodes along these paths are used as a backbone, relaying data for other nodes, and can transport the total amount of information generated by all the sources. A lower bound on the achievable bit rate is then obtained by performing pairwise coding and decoding at each hop along the paths, and using a time division multiple access scheme
Independent Protective Effects for Tumor Necrosis Factor and Lymphotoxin Alpha in the Host Response toListeria monocytogenesInfection (2005)

Although the essential role of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in resistance to Listeria monocytogenes infection is well established, the roles of the related cytokines lymphotoxin alpha (LTalpha) and lymphotoxin beta (LTbeta) are unknown. Using C57BL/6 mice in which the genes for these cytokines were disrupted, we examined the contributions of TNF, LTalpha, and LTbeta in the host response to Listeria. To overcome the lack of peripheral lymph nodes in LTalpha(-/-) and LTbeta(-/-) mice, bone marrow chimeras were constructed. TNF(-/-) and LTalpha(-/-) chimeras that lacked both secreted LTalpha(3) and membrane-bound LTalpha(1)beta(2) and LTalpha(2)beta(1) were highly susceptible and succumbed 4.5 and 6 days, respectively, after a low-dose infection (200 CFU). LTbeta(-/-) chimeras, which lacked only membrane-bound LT, controlled the infection in a manner comparable to wild-type (WT) chimeras. The Listeria-specific proliferative and gamma interferon T-cell responses were equivalent in all five groups of infected mice (LTalpha(-/-) and LTbeta(-/-) chimeras, WT chimeras, and TNF(-/-) and WT mice). TNF(-/-) mice and LTalpha(-/-) chimeras, however, failed to generate the discrete foci of lymphocytes and macrophages that are essential for bacterial elimination. Rather, aberrant necrotic lesions comprised predominantly of neutrophils with relatively few lymphocytes and macrophages were observed in the livers and spleens of TNF(-/-) and LTalpha(-/-) chimeras. Therefore, in addition to TNF, soluble LTalpha(3) plays a separate essential role in control of listerial infection through control of leukocyte accumulation and organization in infected organs.
Partial denitrification–anammox (PdNA) application in mainstream IFAS configuration using raw fermentate as carbon source (2022)

This research examined the feasibility of raw fermentate for mainstream partial denitrification-anammox (PdNA) in a pre-anoxic integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) process. Fermentate quality sampled from a full-scale facility was highly dynamic, with 360-940 mg VFA-COD/L and VFA/soluble COD ratios ranging from 24% to 48%. This study showed that PdNA selection could be achieved even when using low quality fermentate. Nitrate residual was identified as the main factor driving the PdN efficiency, while management of nitrate conversion rates was required to maximize overall PdNA rates. AnAOB limitation was never observed in the IFAS system. Overall, this study showed PdN efficiencies up to 38% and PdNA rates up to 1.2 ± 0.7 g TIN/m<sup>2</sup> /d with further potential for improvements. As a result of both PdNA and full denitrification, this concept showed the potential to save 48-89% methanol and decrease the carbon footprint of water resource recovery facilities (WRRF) by 9-15%. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Application of PdNA with variable quality fermentate is feasible when the nitrate residual concentration is increased to enhance PdN selection. To maximize nitrogen removed through PdNA, nitrate conversion rates need enhancement through optimization of upstream aeration and PdN control setpoints. The IFAS PdNA process was never anammox limited; success depended on the degree of PdN achieved to make nitrite available. Application of PdNA with fermentate can yield 48-89% savings in methanol or other carbon compared with conventional nitrification and denitrification. Integrating PdNA upstream from polishing aeration and anoxic zones guarantees that stringent limits can be met (<5 mg N/L).
Inhibition of PIKfyve prevents myocardial apoptosis and hypertrophy through activation of SIRT3 in obese mice (2017)

PIKfyve is an evolutionarily conserved lipid kinase that regulates pleiotropic cellular functions. Here, we identify PIKfyve as a key regulator of cardiometabolic status and mitochondrial integrity in chronic diet-induced obesity. <i>In vitro</i>, we show that PIKfyve is critical for the control of mitochondrial fragmentation and hypertrophic and apoptotic responses to stress. We also provide evidence that inactivation of PIKfyve by the selective inhibitor STA suppresses excessive mitochondrial ROS production and apoptosis through a SIRT3-dependent pathway in cardiomyoblasts. In addition, we report that chronic STA treatment improves cardiometabolic profile in a mouse model of cardiomyopathy linked to obesity. We provide evidence that PIKfyve inhibition reverses obesity-induced cardiac mitochondrial damage and apoptosis by activating SIRT3. Furthermore, treatment of obese mice with STA improves left ventricular function and attenuates cardiac hypertrophy. In contrast, STA is not able to reduce isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy in SIRT3.KO mice. Altogether, these results unravel a novel role for PIKfyve in obesity-associated cardiomyopathy and provide a promising therapeutic strategy to combat cardiometabolic complications in obesity.
Clinical Evaluation of Working Distance in Caucasian and Chinese Adults: A Comparison Study in France and Singapore (2007)

ARVO 2007 – Fort Lauderdale Working distance was continuously recorded at 10 Hz by means of a Polhemus Fastrack. Previous studies on French adults1,2 have shown that working distances were significantly different with task and presbyopia but not with ametropia. Moreover, working distance was different between writing/reading Chinese characters and Roman letters3. The aim of the present study was to investigate differences in working distance between Caucasian and Chinese young adults and presbyopes wearing progressive addition lenses (PALs).
Pulse to Pulse Frequency Skew by Modulated Composite Cavity Structure for Range Detection (2007)

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel intracavity modulation scheme to generate frequency shifted coherent pulses from a repetition rate multiplied harmonically mode- locked ring laser for range detection applications.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Two Mannose 6-Phosphate Analogs (2000)

Two β-hydroxyphosphonate analogs of M6P have been prepared by condensation of the lithiated anion of methyldiethylphosphonate with the C-6 carbonyl of a mannose derivative. The diastereoisomers thus obtained have been separated and the absolute configuration at the 6-position has been determined by spectroscopic analysis in conjunction with theoretical calculations. Recognition phenomena by M6P/IGFIIR have been evaluated for both diastereoisomers.
Efficacy of enobosarm, a selective androgen receptor (AR) targeting agent, correlates with the degree of AR positivity in advanced AR+/estrogen receptor (ER)+ breast cancer in an international phase 2 clinical study. (2021)

1020 Background: The AR is expressed in up to 90% of ER+ breast cancer where it acts as a tumor suppressor. Historically, therapy with synthetic androgens had efficacy, but virilizing side effects and toxicity limited their use. Enobosarm is a selective AR activating agent that does not cause masculinization and has positive attributes such as promotion of bone and improvement of physical function. In a phase 2 study, correlation between the degree of AR staining and antitumor activity in AR+/ER+ patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) was examined. Methods: A phase 2, open label, parallel design randomized study was conducted in 136 patients to evaluate the efficacy and safety of enobosarm in heavily pretreated women with AR+/ER+ MBC. Patients were randomized to 9 mg (n=72) or 18 mg (n=64) of oral daily enobosarm. AR expression (%AR nuclei staining) in breast cancer samples was determined centrally by immunohistochemistry. The correlation between %AR staining and clinical outcomes was examined with a focus on the 9mg dose, selected for the phase 3 study and the optimal %AR staining established. Results: Tumor objective outcomes correlated with percent AR staining (Table). Further, using a 40% AR staining cutoff in patients with measurable disease, the clinical benefit rate (CBR) for ≥40% AR is 80% and &lt;40% is 18% (p&lt;0.0001). Best objective tumor response (BOR) in patients with ≥40% AR is 48% and &lt;40% is 0% (p&lt;0.0001). At ≥40% AR, median radiographic progression free survival (rPFS) is 5.47 and mean is 7.15 months vs &lt;40% AR where the median rPFS is 2.72 and mean is 2.7 months. Similar %AR staining correlation was observed in the 18mg cohort. Enobosarm treatment was well tolerated with significant positive effects on quality of life measurements. Conclusions: Enobosarm is a novel oral selective AR activating agent in which a higher % AR staining correlates with a greater antitumor activity. By targeting and activating AR, enobosarm may represent a new hormone treatment approach for AR+/ER+ MBC. The phase 3, ARTEST trial will commence in early 2021 and randomize patients with AR+/ER+/HER2- heavily treated MBC that have progressed on a non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor, fulvestrant and CDK 4/6 inhibitor to receive enobosarm or standard endocrine therapy. Clinical trial information: NCT02463032 .[Table: see text]
Experimental Observation of Topological States and Adiabatic Pumping in 1D Photonic Quasicrystals (2011)

In this work, we show that quasicrystals exhibit new types of topological phases that were previously attributed only to systems of higher dimension. We experimentally demonstrate such topological effects in 1D systems using photonic quasicrystals.
Polymer tacticity in simulated NMR spectra (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolymer tacticity in simulated NMR spectraChristopher K. Ober Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 8, 645Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1989Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 August 1989Published inissue 1 August 1989https://doi.org/10.1021/ed066p645RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views639Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (3 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Coupled CFD-Network Simulations for Cooling of Transformers (2019)

This paper presents the coupling of a network model for transformer temperature rise calculation and a CFD model representing the cooling devices consisting of radiator and tank cover. The coupling requires exchange of input data and results between both models, including thermal quantities like temperature and power as well as hydraulic parameters like pressure and mass flow rates. The corresponding interfaces, which allow permanent data exchange during the iterative procedure, are explained and the convergence behavior is analyzed. The results are discussed with respect to differences between models with individual and uniform oil flow in radiator panels as well as models calculated with and without coupling.
Full/partial depletion effects in FinFETs (2005)

Full/partial depletion effects are observed in n-channel FinFETs. Gate-induced floating body effect and degraded subthreshold slope are observed in partially depleted devices but not in fully depleted devices. Floating-body effects are observed in FD devices with applied negative back-gate bias.