gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Best Practices for IoT Security: What Does That Even Mean? (2020)

Best practices for Internet of Things (IoT) security have recently attracted considerable attention worldwide from industry and governments, while academic research has highlighted the failure of many IoT product manufacturers to follow accepted practices. We explore not the failure to follow best practices, but rather a surprising lack of understanding, and void in the literature, on what (generically) "best practice" means, independent of meaningfully identifying specific individual practices. Confusion is evident from guidelines that conflate desired outcomes with security practices to achieve those outcomes. How do best practices, good practices, and standard practices differ? Or guidelines, recommendations, and requirements? Can something be a best practice if it is not actionable? We consider categories of best practices, and how they apply over the lifecycle of IoT devices. For concreteness in our discussion, we analyze and categorize a set of 1014 IoT security best practices, recommendations, and guidelines from industrial, government, and academic sources. As one example result, we find that about 70\% of these practices or guidelines relate to early IoT device lifecycle stages, highlighting the critical position of manufacturers in addressing the security issues in question. We hope that our work provides a basis for the community to build on in order to better understand best practices, identify and reach consensus on specific practices, and then find ways to motivate relevant stakeholders to follow them.
Angle and wavelength resolved light scattering measurement of optical surfaces and thin films (2013)

Light scattering metrology has become more and more important with the development of cutting-edge optical components and systems. Light scattering is also a very versatile tool for the characterization of nanostructures and defects. While optical engineering and manufacturing are striving for ever increasing resolution of optical devices and lowest optical losses, the demands for highly resolved light scattering metrology have become extremely challenging. In this sense, “highly resolved” means: (i) measurements with high angular resolution, not just in one plane but within the entire scattering sphere, (ii) small near-angle limits, (iii) highest sensitivities and lowest instrument signatures close to or even below the Rayleigh scattering limit, as well as (iv) at-wavelength operation and, more recently, spectral resolution. Instruments for scatter measurements developed at Fraunhofer IOF to meet these demands are presented together with practical examples of application comprising roughness, sub-surface damage, and defects of polished surfaces and thin film coatings. Compact tools like a table-top 3D scatterometer and a CMOS-based scatter sensor are presented. Finally, we report on the development of a new instrument for spectroscopic angle resolved scatter measurements based on an OPO tunable laser.
Matching source and sink: An environmentally tailored fungal endophyte consortium increases yield in three field-grown barley cultivars (2018)

Environmental stresses are limiting factors in optimal agricultural crop yield, and these stresses, especially drought, are likely to become more acute due to future climate change. Crop wild relatives contain environmentally selected endophytes that can help to increase stress resistance. Our previous work with barley cultivars has shown a positive correlation between endophyte-induced yield increase and increasingly dry conditions. For this study, we hypothesised that a consortium of fungal endophytes recovered from a crop wild relative of barley growing in drought-stressed sites would enhance barley yield in similarly low moisture agricultural sites. We grew three barley cultivars on two environmentally distinct sites under three nitrogen (N) input regimes. We found that the endophyte inoculant induced an increase in grain dry weight at both sites, which experienced abnormally low local rainfall in the early growing season. The yield increase was 1.2 t/ha for standard N input, 1.1 t/ha for half N input and 0.6 t/ha with no N input. Additionally, on both sites, endophyte treatment with half N input recovered yield to that associated with untreated crops with standard N input for all three cultivars. Furthermore, the endophytes still retained their efficacy with regular foliar fungicidal crop treatments. These results show that endophytes recovered from sites with low and similar water status to the targeted barley growing sites can produce large and significant increases in yield regardless of nitrogen input, and hold promise for application in drought-stressed sites with limited access to expensive nitrogen fertilisers.
1768: Salvage Cryoablation for Recurrent Localized Prostate Cancer Following Definitive Radiation Therapy: Results from the Cold Registry (2007)

You have accessJournal of UrologyModerated Poster 56, Wednesday, May 23, 2007 10:00 am - 12:00 pm1 Apr 20071768: Salvage Cryoablation for Recurrent Localized Prostate Cancer Following Definitive Radiation Therapy: Results from the Cold Registry Louis L. Pisters, Aaron E. Katz, Bryan J. Donnelly, Franco M. Lugani, and J. Stephen Jones Louis L. PistersLouis L. Pisters , Aaron E. KatzAaron E. Katz , Bryan J. DonnellyBryan J. Donnelly , Franco M. LuganiFranco M. Lugani , and J. Stephen JonesJ. Stephen Jones View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(18)31956-6AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "1768: Salvage Cryoablation for Recurrent Localized Prostate Cancer Following Definitive Radiation Therapy: Results from the Cold Registry." The Journal of Urology, 177(4S), pp. 587–588 © 2016 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 177Issue 4SApril 2007Page: 587-588 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Louis L. Pisters More articles by this author Aaron E. Katz More articles by this author Bryan J. Donnelly More articles by this author Franco M. Lugani More articles by this author J. Stephen Jones More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
5G Positioning - A Machine Learning Approach (2019)

In urban environments, cellular network-based positioning of user equipment (ue) is a challenging task, especially in frequently occurring non-line-of-sight (nlos) conditions. This paper investigates the use of two machine learning methods - neural networks and random forests - to estimate the position of ue in nlos using best received reference signal beam power measurements. We evaluated the suggested positioning methods using data collected from a fifth-generation cellular network (5g) testbed provided by Ericsson. A statistical test to detect nlos conditions with a probability of detection that is close to 90% is suggested. We show that knowledge of the antenna are crucial for accurate position estimation. In addition, our results show that even with a limited set of training data and one 5g transmission point, it is possible to position ue within 10 meters with 80% accuracy.
Analysis of a Stefan-Like Problem in a Biological Tissue Around a Cryosurgical Probe (1976)

Analysis of a Stefan-like problem in the in vivo freezing of a biological tissue is presented in cartesian coordinates. The analysis allows the inclusion of blood perfusion, metabolic heat and tissue heat capacity. Solutions are obtained for the temperature distributions in the frozen and unfrozen regions at different times. A constant freezing rate, in accordance with the optimal tissue destruction rate, is assumed. Results indicate the importance of the blood perfusion factor in the problem and allow the prediction of probe temperature and heat flux variations for optimal results in tissue destruction.
Structural, optical, and spin properties of hydrogenated amorphous silicon-germanium alloys (1989)

We report on a detailed study of structural and electronic properties of hydrogenated amorphous silicon-germanium alloys deposited by rf glow discharge from SiH4 and GeH4 in a diode reactor. The chemical composition of the alloys is related to the deposition conditions, with special emphasis on preferential incorporation of Ge into the solid phase and on the role of inert dilutant gases. Hydrogen bonding in the alloys is investigated with nuclear magnetic resonance and vibrational (Raman and infrared) spectroscopy. The optical properties of a-SiGe:H samples deposited under optimal conditions are analyzed with the help of subgap absorption measurements and band-tail luminescence for the entire range of alloy composi-tions. A large part of the article describes an investigation of the electron-spin-resonance response of undoped alloys. The spin density associated with dangling bond defects localized on Si and Ge atoms has been measured as a function of alloy composition for optimized material. In addition, the dependence of the two defect densities on the detailed deposition conditions (rf power, substrate temperature, and dilution) has been determined in a systematic way for alloys deposited from a plasma with a fixed SiH4/GeH4ratio. The results of this study, especially the preferential creation of Ge dangling bonds, are discussed in the context of our structural data. Furthermore, spin resonance is employed to investigate the light-induced degradation (Staebler–Wronski effect) of a-SiGe:H. Finally, the changes of the spin-resonance spectra of a-Si0.7 Ge0.3 :H upon substitutional doping with phosphorus and boron have been obtained experimentally, and are used to construct a model for the electronic density of states in this material.
ctDNA Predicts Overall Survival in Patients With NSCLC Treated With PD-L1 Blockade or With Chemotherapy (2021)

ctDNA MMPM levels measured at 6 weeks post-treatment are associated with OS in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Our results suggest that ctDNA has the potential for a noninvasive early liquid biopsy predictor for OS that warrants further studies to demonstrate its utility in clinical development.
Clustering and polygon merging algorithms for fingerprinting positioning in LTE (2011)

This paper presents new algorithms for generation of generalized radio maps for fingerprinting positioning in the long term evolution (LTE) cellular system. The algorithms use collected high precision positions of opportunity tagged with measured radio properties like cell ID (CID), received signal strengths (RSS), timing advance (TA) and angle of arrival (AoA) information. The high precision positions are obtained from assisted GPS (A-GPS) or observed time difference of arrival (OTDOA) positioning. All A-GPS and OTDOA measurements with the same tag (fingerprint) are then saved in separate clusters of high precision positions. In this way fingerprinted clusters covering the cellular network are created automatically. Finally, a polygon is computed to describe the boundary of each cluster, resulting in an adaptive self-learning positioning system. The paper refines the clustering step, by the introduction of cluster smoothing, outlier removal and cluster splitting, thereby reducing both the sizes and the irregularity of the clusters of positions. This improves the accuracy of the computed fingerprinted polygons of the generalized radio map. Algorithms for merging of the resulting multiple polygons (per fingerprint) are then presented, rendering one single polygon corresponding to the radio fingerprint. When used for positioning in LTE, the radio fingerprint is measured and the corresponding single polygon is looked up and reported to the end user.
Characterization of LtsA from Rhodococcus erythropolis , an Enzyme with Glutamine Amidotransferase Activity (2005)

The nocardioform actinomycete Rhodococcus erythropolis has a characteristic cell wall structure. The cell wall is composed of arabinogalactan and mycolic acid and is highly resistant to the cell wall-lytic activity of lysozyme (muramidase). In order to improve the isolation of recombinant proteins from R. erythropolis host cells (N. Nakashima and T. Tamura, Biotechnol. Bioeng. 86:136-148, 2004), we isolated two mutants, L-65 and L-88, which are susceptible to lysozyme treatment. The lysozyme sensitivity of the mutants was complemented by expression of Corynebacterium glutamicum ltsA, which codes for an enzyme with glutamine amidotransferase activity that results from coupling of two reactions (a glutaminase activity and a synthetase activity). The lysozyme sensitivity of the mutants was also complemented by ltsA homologues from Bacillus subtilis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but the homologues from Streptomyces coelicolor and Escherichia coli did not complement the sensitivity. This result suggests that only certain LtsA homologues can confer lysozyme resistance. Wild-type recombinant LtsA from R. erythropolis showed glutaminase activity, but the LtsA enzymes from the L-88 and L-65 mutants displayed drastically reduced activity. Interestingly, an ltsA disruptant mutant, which expressed the mutated LtsA, changed from lysozyme sensitive to lysozyme resistant when NH(4)Cl was added into the culture media. The glutaminase activity of the LtsA mutants inactivated by site-directed mutagenesis was also restored by addition of NH(4)Cl, indicating that NH(3) can be used as an amide donor molecule. Taken together, these results suggest that LtsA is critically involved in mediating lysozyme resistance in R. erythropolis cells.
Pankreatogastrostomie versus Pankreatojejunostomie – Ergebnisse einer multizentrischen randomisierten Studie (RECOPANC) (2015)

Einleitung: In aktuellen Metaanalysen zeigt sich eine Überlegenheit der Pankreatogastostomie (PG) gegenüber der Pankreatojejunostomie (PJ) bei Pankreatoduodenektomie hinsichtlich der perioperativen Komplikationen. Ziel der Studie war ein prospektiv randomisierter Vergleich von PG und PJ bezüglich des perioperativen und langfristigen Outcome.
P4‐110: RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HIPPOCAMPAL VOLUME AND FREQUENCY OF EVENT RETRIEVAL USING THE HISTORIC EVENTS MEMORY TEST IN PEOPLE WITH ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (2014)

Core symptom in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a retrograde amnesia, where recent events are often significantly more affected than remote events. The hippocampus which is considered as a crucial neuroanatomical structure for memory consolidation is early impaired in this neurodegenerative disease. In the standard model of consolidation it is assumed that this temporal gradient in memory performance is due to a time-limited role of the hippocampus in memory storage. Remote events become stored in the neocortex and are therefore not affected by the hippocampal damage. The Multiple Trace Theory postulates that remote memories are better protected by a larger number of hippocampal-neocortical memory traces. Own studies of autobiographical memory and memory performance of historical events in AD suggest that not the temporal component but the retrieval frequency is most important for the memory performance. In 29 healthy controls and 25 patients with AD memory performance of important historical events of the past 50 years were evaluated with the Historic Events Memory Test. Retrieval frequency was operationalized by a paired comparison analysis. Using voxelbased morphometry it was correlatively evaluated whether frequently recalled memories depend less on hippocampal degeneration than seldomly retrieved memories. While we found a significant correlation between memory performance and hippocampal volume for the seldomly retrieved events in patients with AD we did not show this association for frequently retrieved events. Our findings indicate that more frequently remembered events are more independent of hippocampal structures. Thus, it can be concluded that mental activity protects against the neurodegenerative process of incipient AD.
A cascade of phase transitions in an orbitally mixed half-filled Landau level (2018)

Half-filled Landau levels host an emergent Fermi liquid that displays instability toward pairing, culminating in a gapped even-denominator fractional quantum Hall ground state. While this pairing may be probed by tuning the polarization of carriers in competing orbital and spin degrees of freedom, sufficiently high quality platforms offering such tunability remain few. We explore the ground states at filling factor ν = 5/2 in ZnO-based two-dimensional electron systems through a forced intersection of opposing spin branches of Landau levels taking quantum numbers <i>N</i> = 1 and 0. We reveal a cascade of phases with distinct magnetotransport features including a gapped phase polarized in the <i>N</i> = 1 level and a compressible phase in <i>N</i> = 0, along with an unexpected Fermi liquid, a second gapped, and a strongly anisotropic nematic-like phase at intermediate polarizations when the levels are near degeneracy. The phase diagram is produced by analyzing the proximity of the intersecting levels and highlights the excellent reproducibility and controllability that ZnO offers for exploring exotic fractionalized electronic phases.
Executing irregular scientific applications on stream architectures (2007)

The recent emergence of compute-intensive stream processors such as the Cell Broadband Engine, Stanford's Merrimac, and Clear-Speed's CSX600 has made them attractive platforms for scientific high-performance computing. Unstructured mesh and graph applications are an important class of numerical algorithms used in the scientific computing domain, which are particularly challenging for stream architectures. These codes have irregular structures where nodes have a variable number of neighbors, resulting in irregular memory access patterns and irregular control. We study four representative sub-classes of irregular algorithms, including finite-element and finite-volume methods for modeling physical systems, direct methods for n-body problems, and computations involving sparse algebra. We propose a framework for representing the diverse characteristics of these algorithms in the context of the unique properties of stream architectures, and demonstrate it using one representative application from each sub-class. We then develop techniques for mapping the applications onto a stream processor, placing emphasis on data-localization and parallelizations. Our simulations show that efficient stream hardware with restricted control abilities can effectively run challenging irregular applications with, for example, a finite element method and a molecular dynamic code sustaining 69GFLOP/s and 46GFLOP/s (64-bit) respectively using a single chip that measures 12mm on a side and consumes less than 70W in 90nm technology.
Analysis of Coded FHSS Systems with Multiple Access Interference over Generalized Fading Channels (2008)

We study the effect of interference on the performance of coded FHSS systems. This is achieved by modeling the physical channel in these systems as a block fading channel. In the derivation of the bit error probability over Nakagami fading channels, we use the exact statistics of the multiple access interference (MAI) in FHSS systems. Due to the mathematically intractable expression of the Rician distribution, we use the Gaussian approximation to derive the error probability of coded FHSS over Rician fading channel. The effect of pilot-aided channel estimation is studied for Rician fading channels using the Gaussian approximation. From this, the optimal hopping rate in coded FHSS is approximated. Results show that the performance loss due to interference increases as the hopping rate decreases.
ELISpot for measuring human immune responses to vaccines (2011)

The enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISpot) assay is one of the most commonly used methods to measure antigen-specific T cells in both mice and humans. Some of the primary reasons for the popularity of the method are that ELISpot is highly quantitative, can measure a broad range of magnitudes of response and is capable of assessing critical cellular immune-related activities such as IFN-γ secretion and granzyme B release. Furthermore, ELISpot is adaptable not only to the evaluation of a variety of T-cell functions, but also to B cells and innate immune cells. It is no wonder that ELISpot has evolved from a research tool to a clinical assay. Recent Phase I and II studies of cancer vaccines, tested in a variety of malignancies, have suggested that ELISpot may be a useful biomarker assay to predict clinical benefit after therapeutic immune modulation. This article will discuss the most common applications of ELISpot, overview the efforts that have been undertaken to standardize the assay and apply the met...
Geomagnetic Referencing in the Arctic Environment (2012)

Abstract Geomagnetic referencing is becoming an increasingly attractive alternativeto north-seeking gyroscopic surveys to achieve the precise wellbore positioningessential for success in today's complex drilling programs. However, thegreater magnitude of variations in the geomagnetic environment at higherlatitudes makes the application of geomagnetic referencing in those areas morechallenging. Precise, real-time data on those variations from relatively nearby magneticobservatories can be crucial to achieving the required accuracy, butconstructing and operating an observatory in these often harsh environmentsposes a number of significant challenges. Operational since March 2010, theDeadhorse Magnetic Observatory (DED), located in Deadhorse, Alaska, was createdthrough collaboration between the United States Geological Survey (USGS) and aleading oilfield services supply company. DED was designed to produce real-timegeomagnetic data at the required level of accuracy, and to do so reliably underthe extreme temperatures and harsh weather conditions often experienced in thearea. The observatory will serve a number of key scientific communities as well asthe oilfield drilling industry, and has already played a vital role in thesuccess of several commercial ventures in the area, providing essential, accurate data while offering significant cost and time savings, compared withtraditional surveying techniques.