gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of Nanoclay Content on Cement Matrix for Oil Wells Subjected to Cyclic Steam Injection (2019)

High-temperature conditions drastically compromise the physical properties of cement, especially, its strengths. In this work, the influence of adding nanoclay (NC) particles to Saudi class G oil well cement (OWC) strength retrogression resistance under high-temperature condition (300 °C) is evaluated. Six cement slurries with different concentrations of silica flour (SF) and NC were prepared and tested under conditions of 38 °C and 300 °C for different time periods (7 and 28 days) of curing. The changes in the cement matrix compressive and tensile strengths, permeability, loss in the absorbed water, and the cement slurry rheology were evaluated as a function of NC content and temperature, the changes in the structure of the cement surfaces were investigated through the optical microscope. The results revealed that the use of NC (up to 3% by weight of cement (BWOC)) can prevent the OWC deterioration under extremely high-temperature conditions. Incorporating more than 3% of NC severely damaged the cement matrix microstructure due to the agglomeration of the nanoparticles. Incorporation of NC particles increased all the cement slurry rheological properties.
AI Model Disgorgement: Methods and Choices (2023)

Responsible use of data is an indispensable part of any machine learning (ML) implementation. ML developers must carefully collect and curate their datasets, and document their provenance. They must also make sure to respect intellectual property rights, preserve individual privacy, and use data in an ethical way. Over the past few years, ML models have significantly increased in size and complexity. These models require a very large amount of data and compute capacity to train, to the extent that any defects in the training corpus cannot be trivially remedied by retraining the model from scratch. Despite sophisticated controls on training data and a significant amount of effort dedicated to ensuring that training corpora are properly composed, the sheer volume of data required for the models makes it challenging to manually inspect each datum comprising a training corpus. One potential fix for training corpus data defects is model disgorgement -- the elimination of not just the improperly used data, but also the effects of improperly used data on any component of an ML model. Model disgorgement techniques can be used to address a wide range of issues, such as reducing bias or toxicity, increasing fidelity, and ensuring responsible usage of intellectual property. In this paper, we introduce a taxonomy of possible disgorgement methods that are applicable to modern ML systems. In particular, we investigate the meaning of "removing the effects" of data in the trained model in a way that does not require retraining from scratch.
From co-crystals to functional thin films: photolithography using [2+2] photodimerization (2013)

An approach to form organic thin films that employs multicomponent solids in the form of co-crystals has been developed. The components direct an intermolecular [2+2] photodimerization that we demonstrate exhibits a change in solubility that can be exploited as a negative photoresist for use in photolithography.
Ultraviolet radiation and skin aging: roles of reactive oxygen species, inflammation and protease activation, and strategies for prevention of inflammation‐induced matrix degradation – a review (2005)

Inflammation and the resulting accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in the intrinsic and photoaging of human skin in vivo. Environmental insults such as ultraviolet (UV) rays from sun, cigarette smoke exposure and pollutants, and the natural process of aging contribute to the generation of free radicals and ROS that stimulate the inflammatory process in the skin. UV irradiation initiates and activates a complex cascade of biochemical reactions in human skin. In short, UV causes depletion of cellular antioxidants and antioxidant enzymes (SOD, catalase), initiates DNA damage leading to the formation of thymidine dimmers, activates the neuroendocrine system leading to immunosuppression and release of neuroendocrine mediators, and causes increased synthesis and release of pro-inflammatory mediators from a variety of skin cells. The pro-inflammatory mediators increase the permeability of capillaries leading to infiltration and activation of neutrophils and other phagocytic cells into the skin. The net result of all these effects is inflammation and free radical generation (both reactive oxygen and nitrogen species). Furthermore, elastsases and other proteases (cathepsin G) released from neutrophils cause further inflammation, and activation of matrix metalloproteases. The inflammation further activates the transcription of various matrixes degrading metalloproteases, leading to abnormal matrix degradation and accumulation of non-functional matrix components. In addition, the inflammation and ROS cause oxidative damage to cellular proteins, lipids and carbohydrates, which accumulates in the dermal and epidermal compartments, contributing to the aetiology of photoaging. Strategies to prevent photodamage caused by this cascade of reactions initiated by UV include: prevention of UV penetration into skin by physical and chemical sunscreens, prevention/reduction of inflammation using anti-inflammatory compounds (e.g. cyclooxygenase inhibitors, inhibitors of cytokine generation); scavenging and quenching of ROS by antioxidants; inhibition of neutrophil elastase activity to prevent extracellular matrix damage and activation of matrix metalloproteases (MMPs), and inhibition of MMP expression (e.g. by retinoids) and activity (e.g. by natural and synthetic inhibitors).
3GPP SIP URI Inter-Operator Traffic Leg Parameter (2015)

In 3GPP networks, the signaling path between a calling user and a called user can be partitioned into segments, referred to as traffic legs. Each traffic leg may span networks belonging to different operators and will have its own characteristics that can be different from other traffic legs in the same call. A traffic leg might be associated with multiple SIP dialogs, e.g., in case a Back-to-Back User Agent (B2BUA) that modifies the SIP dialog identifier is located within the traffic leg. This document defines a new SIP URI parameter, ’iotl ’ (an abbreviation for Inter-Operator Traffic Leg). The parameter can be used in a SIP URI to indicate that the entity associated with the address, or an entity responsible for the host part of the address, represents the end of a specific traffic leg (or multiple traffic legs). The SIP URI ’iotl ’ parameter defined in this document has known uses in 3GPP networks. Usage in other networks is also possible. Status of This Memo This is an Internet Standards Track document. This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). It represents the consensus of the IETF community. It has received public review and has been approved for publication by the
The Effects Of Variations In The Photocathode Voltages Of Electronic Streak Cameras (1989)

Electronic streak cameras are used to record subnanosecond data at the Nevada Test Site. It has been found that externally induced variations in the photocathode voltage of the streak tube can produce both temporal and spatial errors on the output image. An elec on beam tracing code was used to model the magnification as a function of photocathode voltage and signal input position for streak tubes manufactured by RCA, ITT, and Kentech. Las tests were also performed where pulsed and radio frequency signals were induced upon the photocathode and the errors on e resultant image were compared with e error sredict-s by the electron II - am code. Also, methods for processing the distortion in digitized images were investigated. This pas r will discuss the results of these investigations.
Use of a biophysical model of atrial fibrillation in the interpretation of the outcome of surgical ablation procedures☆ (2007)

The fraction of conversions to SR observed in the model closely corresponded to the conversion rate to SR post-surgery. This suggests that the model provides an additional, non-invasive tool for optimizing ablation line patterns for treating permanent AF.
Zelladhäsionsverhalten auf enantiomerenrein funktionalisierten Zeolith‐L‐Monoschichten (2012)

Vorliebe für Krebszellen: Zeolith-L-Nanokristalle wurden enantioselekiv funktionalisiert und als enantiomorphe selbstorganisierte Monoschichten (SAMs) angeordnet. Das Adhäsionsverhalten verschiedener Zellen an diesen neuen Biomaterialien wurde bezüglich der Chiralität der entsprechenden Oberfläche untersucht. Dieses Konzept wurde zur Trennung von Primärzellen von Zelllinien angewendet (siehe Schema).
Novel Synthesis of (+/−)-cis-4-Amino-2-cyclopentene-1-methanol, a Key Intermediate in the Preparation of Carbocyclic 2′,3′-Didehydro-2′,3′-dideoxy Nucleosides (1992)

Abstract Novel synthetic routes directed toward the preparation of (+/−)-cis -4-amino-2-cyclopentene-1-methanol are described. The routes investigated involve azide openings of chiral and non-chiral cyclopentyl epoxides.
Bioavailability of the anti-clostridial bacteriocin thuricin CD in gastrointestinal tract (2013)

Thuricin CD is a two component narrow spectrum bacteriocin comprising two peptides with targeted activity against Clostridium difficile . This study examined the bioavailability of thuricin with a view to developing it as an effective antimicrobial against intestinal infection. One of the peptides, Trn-β, was found to be degraded by the gastric enzymes pepsin and α-chymotrypsin both in vitro and in vivo , whereas Trn-α was resistant to digestion by these enzymes and hence was detected in the intestinal porcine digesta following oral ingestion by pigs. In order to determine if spores of the producing organism Bacillus thuringiensis DPC 6431 could be used to deliver the bacteriocin to the gut, spores were fed to 30 mice (approx. 10 8 –2×10 8 per animal) and their germination, growth and production of thuricin in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of the animals was monitored. Almost 99 % of the spores delivered to the GIT were excreted in the first 24 h and neither Trn-α nor Trn-β was detected in the gut or faecal samples of the test mice, indicating that ingestion of B. thuringiensis spores may not be a suitable vehicle for the delivery of thuricin CD. When thuricin CD was delivered rectally to mice ( n = 40) and C. difficile shedding monitored at 1, 6, 12 and 24 h post-treatment, there was a &gt;95 % (&gt;1.5 log units) reduction of C. difficile 027 in the colon contents of infected mice ( n = 10) 1 h post-treatment compared with the control group ( n = 10; P &lt;0.001). Furthermore, 6 h post-treatment there was a further 1.5 log reduction in C. difficile numbers ( n = 10) relative to the control group ( n = 10; P &lt;0.05). These results would suggest that rectal administration of thuricin may be a promising mode of delivery of thuricin CD to the colon.
The Coming Generation of Head Worn Displays (2009)

Within the last 5 years, a new generation of HWDs emerged, supporting full see-through augmented reality. The coming generation will bring HD resolution in a bright, low power display combined with freeform surfaces.
Evaluation of clip localization for different kilovoltage imaging modalities as applied to partial breast irradiation setup (2009)

Surgical clip localization and image quality were evaluated for different types of kilovoltage cone beam imaging modalities as applied to partial breast irradiation (PBI) setup. These modalities included (i) clinically available radiographs and cone beam CT (CB-CT) and (ii) various alternative modalities based on partial/sparse/truncated CB-CT. An anthropomorphic torso-breast phantom with surgical clips was used for the imaging studies. The torso phantom had artificial lungs, and the attached breast phantom was a mammographic phantom with realistic shape and tissue inhomogeneities. Three types of clips of variable size were used in two orthogonal orientations to assess their in-/cross-plane characteristics for image-guided setup of the torso-breast phantom in supine position. All studies were performed with the Varian on-board imaging (OBI, Varian) system. CT reconstructions were calculated with the standard Feldkamp-Davis-Kress algorithm. First, the radiographs were studied for a wide range of viewing angles to characterize image quality for various types of body anatomy in the foreground/background of the clips. Next, image reconstruction quality was evaluated for partial/sparse/truncated CB-CT. Since these modalities led to reconstructions with strong artifacts due to insufficient input data, a knowledge-based CT reconstruction method was also tested. In this method, the input data to the reconstruction algorithm were modified by combining complementary data sets selected from the treatment and reference projections. Different partial/sparse/truncated CB-CT scan types were studied depending on the total are angle, angular increment between the consequent views (CT projections), orientation of the arc center with respect to the imaged breast and chest wall, and imaging field size. The central angles of the viewing arcs were either tangential or orthogonal to the chest wall. Several offset positions of the phantom with respect to the reference position were studied. The acquired and reconstructed image data sets were analyzed using home-built software focusing on the ability to localize clips in 3D. Streaking and leakage reconstruction artifacts and spatial distortions of breast surface were analyzed as well. Advantages and disadvantages of each kilovoltage CB imaging modality as applied to partial breast setup evaluation based on clips are presented. Because clips were found to be difficult to recognize in radiographs, 3D reconstructions were preferred. Even though it was possible to localize clips with about +/-1 mm accuracy based on reconstructions for short arcs of 40 degrees and incremental angle up to about 5 degrees, identification of clips in such reconstructions is difficult. Reconstructions obtained for arcs of as low as 80 degrees and incremental angle of as high as 3 degrees were suggested for easier clip identification. For more severely undersampled data, iterative CB-CT reconstruction is recommended to decrease the artifacts.
Evidence for the presence of different alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor genes products in mouse plasma. (1996)

The plasma alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor (API) of three mouse species Mus domesticus, M. caroli and M. pahori was isolated. Each of the species isoforms were then separated by chromatofocusing; however, no significant differences in association rate constants toward human neutrophil elastase and bovine chymotrypsin were observed. The amino-acid sequence of the P'1-P'15 C-terminal fragments of the API variants indicate that mouse plasma contains at least two different active API isoforms in the case of M. domesticus (five API genes) but only one active API isoform in M. pahori and M. caroli (one API gene).
Supplementary File from Heterogeneity of Circulating Tumor Cell–Associated Genomic Gains in Breast Cancer and Its Association with the Host Immune Response (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Raw cell counts of FISH gene probes for (1) primary breast tumors, (2) metastatic sites, (3) pre- and post-treatment [Hungarian sample], and (4) TNBC cases.&lt;/p&gt;
Analysis of the FM radio spectrum for Internet of Things opportunistic access via Cognitive Radio (2015)

The emerging employment of low-power short-range Internet of Things (IoT) devices, coupled with the rapid growth of wireless devices in general, is creating a problem by placing an overwhelming demand on the radio spectrum. This overwhelming demand is causing a shortage of radio spectrum. To combat this shortage, IoT devices need to be able to identify vacant radio spectrum that can be used in an opportunistic manner through Cognitive Radio (CR). This paper presents a methodology to determine utilization of FM radio spectrum, which would support efficient IoT device communication via CR. The methodology is showcased by analyzing the FM radio spectrum in an urban area and determining its capacity to support IoT device communication. The results show that the spectrum in the urban area is 76% underutilized. Therefore, the FM radio spectrum appears to be an excellent candidate to support low-power short-range IoT devices through CR.
Novel Human Histamine H3 Receptor Antagonists (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Wideband Vertically Polarized Antenna With Endfire Radiation for 5G Mobile Phone Applications (2020)

This letter presents a wideband slotted substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) antenna for millimeter-wave (mm-wave) fifth-generation (5G) mobile handset applications. The antenna is vertically polarized and has a small clearance of 3.3 mm. To realize a wide operating bandwidth, two sets of vias are employed to perform a change in SIW height. Furthermore, a pair of U-shaped slots is used in both top and bottom faces of SIW to improve impedance matching and front-to-back radiation ratio. The antenna achieves a measured -6 dB bandwidth of 35.7% (23.4-33.6 GHz) and a -10 dB bandwidth of 17.4% (26.2-31.2 GHz). The beamforming capability of the antenna array is investigated. The antenna array has good scanning performance and achieves large spatial coverage.
A Novel Method for Characterization of Ultralow Viscosity NCF Layers Using TCB for 3D Assembly (2021)

Abstract For die-to-wafer (D2W) stacking of high-density interconnects and fine-pitch microbumps, underfill serves to fill the spaces in-between microbumps for protection and reliability. Among the different types of underfill, nonconductive film (NCF) has the advantages of fillet and volume control. However, one of the challenges is the solder joint wetting. An NCF must have good embedded-flux activation to mitigate Cu UBM pad oxidation due to the repeated TCB cycles that accelerate oxidation on neighboring dice. The flux in the NCF also helps in wetting the solder bumps. To realize efficient solder wetting, one must also understand the NCF deformation quality, which is a function of its viscosity. This parameter has direct impact on the deformation of solder bumps. High-viscosity NCF would be difficult to deform, thus preventing solder contact to pad during TCB reflow temperature. High bond force is required and could lead to reduced alignment accuracy. For a low viscous NCF, it requires low bond force. Solder joint wetting is a challenge with excessive squeezeout due to fast and instantaneous deformation. We seek to demonstrate in this article a creative methodology for NCF material characterization, considering the factors of NCF viscosity, deformation, and solder squeezeout. We use TCB tool position-tracking data to define the deformation curve of the NCF as a function of temperature and time at very fast profile of TCB. We use the NCF viscosity curve as reference in relation to the actual deformation, and predict dynamic deformation in three different configurations. Deformation test configurations were performed on chips with and without microbumps bonded with a rigid flat glass surface and with a bottom Cu UBM pad. The experiments were performed with different heating ramp rates at target above Sn reflow of ~250°C interface temperature. As validation, we applied the optimized TCB process (force, temperature, and ramp rate) on a test vehicle with 20 and 40 μm pitch daisy chains and obtained very good connectivity with good joint and IMC formation.
A Pulmonary Vascular Model From Endothelialized Whole Organ Scaffolds (2021)

The development of an <i>in vitro</i> system for the study of lung vascular disease is critical to understanding human pathologies. Conventional culture systems fail to fully recapitulate native microenvironmental conditions and are typically limited in their ability to represent human pathophysiology for the study of disease and drug mechanisms. Whole organ decellularization provides a means to developing a construct that recapitulates structural, mechanical, and biological features of a complete vascular structure. Here, we developed a culture protocol to improve endothelial cell coverage in whole lung scaffolds and used single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis to explore the impact of decellularized whole lung scaffolds on endothelial phenotypes and functions in a biomimetic bioreactor system. Intriguingly, we found that the phenotype and functional signals of primary pulmonary microvascular revert back-at least partially-toward native lung endothelium. Additionally, human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelium cultured in decellularized lung systems start to gain various native human endothelial phenotypes. Vascular barrier function was partially restored, while small capillaries remained patent in endothelial cell-repopulated lungs. To evaluate the ability of the engineered endothelium to modulate permeability in response to exogenous stimuli, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was introduced into repopulated lungs to simulate acute lung injury. After LPS treatment, proinflammatory signals were significantly increased and the vascular barrier was impaired. Taken together, these results demonstrate a novel platform that recapitulates some pulmonary microvascular functions and phenotypes at a whole organ level. This development may help pave the way for using the whole organ engineering approach to model vascular diseases.
ChemInform Abstract: Access to Saturated Fused Pyrimidine Derivatives via a Flexible N‐Vinyl Tertiary Enamide Synthesis. (2011)

Abstract Protection by the ‐Pmb group is crucial for a successful transformation which needs neither microwave irradiation nor reflux conditions.
The Murasaki project (1993)

This paper describes a multilingual data extraction system under development for the Department of Defense (DoD). The system, called Murasaki, processes Spanish and Japanese newspaper articles reporting AIDS disease statistics. Key to Murasaki's design is its language-independent and domain-independent architecture. The system consists of shared processing modules across the three languages it currently handles (English, Japanese, and Spanish), shared general and domain-specific knowledge bases, and separate data modules for language-specific knowledge such as grammars, lexicons, morphological data and discourse data. This data-driven architecture is crucial to the success of Murasaki as a language-independent system; extending Murasaki to additional languages can be done for the most part merely by adding new data. Some of the data can be added with user-friendly tools, others by exploiting existing on-line data or by deriving relevant data from corpora.
Diet‐Induced Models of Obesity (DIO) in Rodents (2012)

Obesity results from a complex interplay between a susceptible genotype and an environment that both promotes increased caloric intake and enables sustained decreases in energy expenditure. One commonly employed approach to modeling obesity in preclinical species is the diet-induced obese (DIO) rodent. Here, theoretical and practical considerations for producing obese rodents via dietary manipulation, and for assessing drug-induced changes in food intake and body weight are described. Based on these considerations, a standardized protocol for diet-induced obesity in both mouse and rat is provided and sample data from these models are also described.
Passively mode-locked semiconductor laser for coherent population trapping in 87Rb (2011)

Passively mode-locked semiconductor laser for coherent population trapping in <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">87</sup> Rb is reported. The laser material used is a 793nm GaAs/Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</sub> As single quantum well (QW) graded index separate confinement heterostructure.