gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of Recycling System for Sludge from the Stainless Steel Nitric-hydrofluoric Acid Pickling Process. (1997)

The sludge produced from the pickling of stainless bands settles to the bottom of the pickling tank and becomes an impediment to the operation. In this research, a very high concentrations of Cr, Ni, and Fe were found in the sludge. In particular, the concentration of Cr was more than 40 mass%. It was also found that the particle size of the sludge is as small as 9.2 μm. The diameter increases by coagulation and the sedimentation velocity of the sludge is 1.4 m/h. Based on these results, a study was made on an ejector capable of preventing the sludge precipitation in the pickling tank and moving the sludge, and a sedimentation tank where the sludge would precipitate. First, 14 groups of ejectors were installed on the two sides of the pickling tank. Two circulation tanks connect with the pickling tank and each group of ejectors was installed in different circulation tanks. Continuous action of the ejectors causes the sludge to remain afloat and prevents it from settling out in the pickling tank. The sludge is moved to the circulation tank, which is also equipped with the same type of ejectors as the pickling tank to prevent the sludge from settling. Next, precipitation and separation of the sludge are performed in this sedimentation tank. After separation in the sedimentation tank, the sludge was neutralized by mixing with hydrated lime using kneading device. The neutralized sludge is loaded into a lugger bag and can be used as a raw material for steel making.
LAMINAR HEAD-ON FLAME QUENCHING--A THEORETICAL STUDY (AUTOMOBILE ENGINE EMISSIONS) (1978)

Results of a numerical investigation of one-dimensional laminar flame quenching with constant and time-dependent pressure variations are reported. A description of flame quenching and postflame oxidation processes for a global reaction is obtained by solving a simplified form of nonlinear conservation of mass, momentum, and energy equations in a planar flow field. These equations are reduced to finite difference form, and time-dependent pressure is input via an integrated form of the energy equation or a third-order polynomial law. Numerical calculations were performed at constant-pressure, combustion bomb-type conditions and under rapid decompression during quenching. One-dimensional head-on quenching distances, hydrocarbon concentration levels, and gas properties were derived for various stoichiometric values in a propane/air-type mixture. Results indicate that quenching distance is primarily controlled by the thermal conduction process; however, residual hydrocarbon levels are intimately related to postquenching diffusion, oxidation kinetics, and the thermodynamic cycle during which they occur. Model calculations exhibit good agreement with experimental flame speed and demonstrate single-wall quench thicknesses which closely follow known experimental trends for the two-plate quench distance. Effects of transient pressure changes on postquench burn-up are examined, and results indicate that pressure variations on a time scale similar to that of the quenching process can account for a factor increase in predicted hydrocarbons, as compared with constant pressure calculations. Additional research is recommended to devise a multistep reduction reaction scheme that adequately describes the quenching process.
Thyrotropin-secreting pituitary adenomas : report of 7 cases. (1990)

peer reviewed
Kinetic and Spectroscopic Characterization of the H178A Methionyl Aminopeptidase from Escherichia coli (2003)

To gain insight into the role of the strictly conserved histidine residue, H178, in the reaction mechanism of the methionyl aminopeptidase from Escherichia coli (EcMetAP-I), the H178A mutant enzyme was prepared. Metal-reconstituted H178A binds only one equivalent of Co(II) or Fe(II) tightly with affinities that are identical to the WT enzyme based on kinetic and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) data. Electronic absorption spectra of Co(II)-loaded H178A EcMetAP-I indicate that the active site divalent metal ion is pentacoordinate, identical to the WT enzyme. These data indicate that the metal binding site has not been affected by altering H178. The effect of altering H178 on activity is, in general, due to a decrease in k(cat). The k(cat) value for Co(II)-loaded H178A decreased 70-fold toward MGMM and 290-fold toward MP-p-NA compared to the WT enzyme, while k(cat) decreased 50-fold toward MGMM for the Fe(II)-loaded H178A enzyme and 140-fold toward MP-p-NA. The K(m) values for MGMM remained unaffected, while those for MP-p-NA increased approximately 2-fold for Co(II)- and Fe(II)-loaded H178A. The k(cat)/K(m) values for both Co(II)- and Fe(II)-loaded H178A toward both substrates ranged from approximately 50- to 580-fold reduction. The pH dependence of log K(m), log k(cat), and log(k(cat)/K(m)) of both WT and H178A EcMetAP-I were also obtained and are identical, within error, for H178A and WT EcMetAP-I. Therefore, H178A is catalytically important but is not required for catalysis. Assignment of one of the observed pK(a) values at 8.1 for WT EcMetAP-I was obtained from plots of molar absorptivity at lambda(max(640)) vs pH for both WT and H178A EcMetAP-I. Apparent pK(a) values of 8.1 and 7.6 were obtained for WT and H178A EcMetAP-I, respectively, and were assigned to the deprotonation of a metal-bound water molecule. The data reported herein provide support for the key elements of the previously proposed mechanism and suggest that a similar mechanism can apply to the enzyme with a single metal in the active site.
Observation of coupled-cavity structures in metamaterials (2008)

In this letter, we investigated the transmission properties of metamaterial based coupled-cavity structures. We first calculated the effective parameters of a split-ring resonator (SRR) and composite metamaterial (CMM) structures. Subsequently, we introduced coupled-cavity structures and presented the transmission spectrum of SRR and CMM based coupled-cavity structures. The splitting of eigenmodes was observed due to the interaction between the localized electromagnetic cavity modes. Finally, the dispersion relation and normalized group velocity of the coupled-cavity structures were calculated. The maximum group velocity was found to be 100 times smaller than the speed of light in vacuum.
Hepatitis B Virus Cell Culture Assays for Antiviral Activity (2003)

Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) is a causative agent of both acute and chronic hepatitis, a major etiologic factor of primary hepatocellular carcinoma, and a serious global health problem, with over 240 million estimated chronically infected individuals. Although there are several promising antiviral agents currently in clinical trials, alpha interferon remains the only licensed drug for the treatment of chronic HBV infection. Several cell lines and cell culture assays have been developed to identify potential therapeutics against chronic HBV infection. One of these cell lines, 2.2.15 (1), has been developed into a standardized assay, by the authors' laboratory, that has been repeatedly shown to be an accurate model of chronic cellular HBV replication and a predictive model of antiviral response for chronic hepadnaviral infection in vivo (2-5). This assay system, described here, is currently that used by the National Institutes of Health-National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIH-NIAID) (contract NO1-AI-45195) as an in vitro screen for antiviral agents against HBV replication.
One-Dimensional Nanorod Arrays: Independent Control of Composition, Length, and Interparticle Spacing with Nanometer Precision (2011)

We report the synthesis of solution dispersible, one-dimensional metal nanostructure arrays as small as 35 nm in diameter using on-wire lithography, wherein feature thickness and spacing in the arrays is tailorable down to approximately 6 and 1 nm, respectively. Using this unique level of control, we present solution-averaged extinction spectra of 35 nm diameter Au nanorod dimers with varying gap sizes to illustrate the effect of gap size on plasmon coupling between nanorods. Additionally, we demonstrate control over the composition of the arrays with Au, Ni, and Pt segments, representing important advances in controlling the ordering of sub-100 nm nanostructures that are not available with current synthesis or assembly methods.
Evaluation of Nanofiber-based Engineered Cartilage and its Integration with Native Cartilage (2006)

Cite This Article Li, W., Jiang, Y., Galbán, C. J., Fishbein, K. W., Maher, S. A. et al. (2006). Evaluation of Nanofiber-based Engineered Cartilage and its Integration with Native Cartilage. Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, 3(4), 175–176.
Study of InxGa1−xAs/InAsyP1−y structures lattice mismatched to InP substrates (1996)

Material properties of several lattice-mismatched InxGa1−xAs/InAsyP1−y (0.66&amp;lt;x&amp;lt;0.84, 0.29&amp;lt;y&amp;lt;0.66) alloys grown on InP substrates are investigated. The lattice constants and compositions were measured using x-ray diffraction and electron probe microanalysis. Photoluminescence, white light transmission, and detector cutoff wavelengths were used to determine the band gap of InxGa1−xAs as a function of In concentration x. The three methods agree to within 3%. The quality of the grown layers was also investigated using these techniques, in addition to cross-section transmission electron microscopy and Nomarsky optical microscopy. The dependence of the experimental measurements of band gap and lattice constant on material composition, measured by electron probe microanalysis, was compared against theoretical values.
Gaussian-preserved, non-volatile shape morphing in three-dimensional microstructures for dual-functional electronic devices (2021)

Motile plant structures such as Mimosa pudica leaves, Impatiens glandulifera seedpods, and Dionaea muscipula leaves exhibit fast nastic movements in a few seconds or less. This motion is stimuli-independent mechanical movement following theorema egregium rules. Artificial analogs of tropistic motion in plants are exemplified by shape-morphing systems, which are characterized by high functional robustness and resilience for creating 3D structures. However, all shape-morphing systems developed so far rely exclusively on continuous external stimuli and result in slow response. Here, we report a Gaussian-preserved shape-morphing system to realize ultrafast shape morphing and non-volatile reconfiguration. Relying on the Gaussian-preserved rules, the transformation can be triggered by mechanical or thermal stimuli within a microsecond. Moreover, as localized energy minima are encountered during shape morphing, non-volatile configuration is preserved by geometrically enhanced rigidity. Using this system, we demonstrate a suite of electronic devices that are reconfigurable, and therefore, expand functional diversification.
Temperature Measurements in a Hypersonic Boundary Layer Using Planar Laser-Induced Fluorescence (2000)

Temperature measurements in a chemically and vibrationally frozen hypersonic laminar boundary layer have been presented. The measurements show good agreement with the predictions from a high resolution Navier-Stokes solver. The study indicates that more extensive measurements are feasible. The study of real gas effects on boundary layers can be undertaken with reasonable confidence in the pulsed laser induced fluorescence (PLIF) measurements system.
Hybrid SOA-Raman Amplifiers for Fiber-to-the-Home and Metro Networks (2008)

SOA-Raman amplifiers have broad gain bandwidth (> 80 nm) and can be designed to operate in any wavelength region compatible with single-mode optical fiber. We review recent progress in SOA-Raman amplified access and metro systems.
Characterizing a lumping heuristic for a Markov network reliability model (2002)

Network reliability models are plagued by large state spaces. When combinatorial models are inapplicable, Markov models are generally used to evaluate network reliability. Standard numerical methods of Markov chain solution are not applicable due to the size of the state space. Alternate solution methods through state space reduction by lumping or a solution by simulation are required. The authors characterize a lumping heuristic which derives a smaller Markov model from the original Markov reliability model for a network with an alternate-routing capability and link repair facility. In an empirical evaluation, this heuristic is seen to yield very good approximations: in all the experiments the reliability function obtained by solving the derived Markov chain using a standard Markov solver closely tracked the function obtained through simulation of the original Markov chain over a range of parameters. The theory of lumpability is used to investigate the characteristics of the heuristically constructed Markov chain.
Cleavable Multifunctional Targeting Mixed Micelles with Sequential pH-Triggered TAT Peptide Activation for Improved Antihepatocellular Carcinoma Efficacy (2017)

Although tumor-targeting nanovehicles for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) chemotherapy have attracted great research and clinic interest, the poor cancer penetration, inefficient cellular uptake, and slow intracellular drug release greatly compromise their therapeutic outcomes. In this work, a multifunctional mixed micellar system, consisting of glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) for specific liver-targeting, trans-activator of transcription (TAT) peptide for potent cell penetration, and pH-sensitive poly(β-amino ester) polymers for acidic-triggered drug release, was developed to provide HCC-targeting delivery and pH-triggered release of doxorubicin (DOX). These micelles were hypothesized to efficaciously accumulate in HCC site by the guide of GA ligands, enter into cancer cells facilitated by the activated TAT peptide on the micellar surface, and finally rapidly release DOX in cytoplasm. To demonstrate this design, DOX was initially loaded in micelles modified with both GA and TAT (DOX/GA@TAT-M) with high drug loading efficiency and pH-sensitive drug release profiles. The HCC-targeting cellular uptake and synergetic anticancer efficacy were tested, indicating DOX/GA@TAT-M could be specifically and effectively internalized into HCC cells by the effect of GA targeting and TAT penetrating with enhanced cytotoxicity. In addition, the prolonged circulation time and enhanced accumulation in tumor facilitated its potent tumor growth inhibition activity in vivo. These results demonstrated that the cleavable multifunctional mixed micelles with tumor targeting, controlled TAT peptide activation, and sequential pH-sensitive drug release could be an efficient strategy for HCC treatment.
Cetuximab in combination with single agent daily cisplatin chemotherapy concurrent with radiotherapy in locally advanced nonsmall cell lung carcinoma: A feasibility study (2011)

Introduction | Despite the benefits from concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) regimens in patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), more efficacious treatment options are needed. Cetuximab, a monoclonal antibody that selectively binds to the epidermal growth factor receptor, has demonstrated activity in patients with metastatic NSCLC. This study assesses whether combining cetuximab with CCRT is feasible. Methods | Patients with inoperable locally advanced NSCLC, received cetuximab (400 mg/m2 on day 1, 250 mg/m2 q1w in weeks 2–6) in addition to radiotherapy (66 Gy in 24 fractions weeks 2–6) and cisplatin (6 mg/m2 q1d during weeks 2–6) daily. Early response was monitored using FDG PET/CT-scans performed 4 weeks after treatment and response was evaluated by CT-scan 6 weeks after the last fraction of radiotherapy. Results | Between March and July 2008, 12 consecutive patients were enrolled. Ten patients completed protocol treatment. Although generally well tolerated, two patients were unable to complete protocol treatment. Acneiform rash and dysphagia were the most common side effects (grade ≤3 according to CTCAE v 3.0). No unexpected toxicities were observed. Early response monitoring revealed a metabolic response in 8 (out of 10) patients. CT-scan evaluation showed a partial response in 8 patients. Four (out of 12) patients showed progressive disease after 12 months of follow up. Conclusions | The addition of cetuximab to CCRT in patients with NSCLC was generally well tolerated and early clinical responses were observed with this new therapy combination. A randomized phase II study comparing CCRT with CCRT and cetuximab is ongoing. 113 Cetuximab in combination with concurrent chemoradiation
System issues in boundary-scan board test (2002)

Boards have evolved into complex systems and even collections of interacting systems. Test engineers struggle to find out how these systems are initialized and booted because of poor documentation. While boundary-scan (IEEE Std 1149.1) is a powerful test tool, test engineers are finding out that yesterday's DFT rules and test approaches may actually be detrimental to successfully testing systems on a board. One culprit is the boot up process of the board and even individual ICs. The author attempts to answer the question of what can be done to address this.
Analysis of the Interaction of Antibodies with a Conserved, Enzymatically Deglycosylated Core of the HIV Type 1 Envelope Glycoprotein 120 (1998)

The binding of a panel of monoclonal antibodies to V1, V2, and V3 loop-deleted HIV-1 gp120 was studied by competition analysis. Most of the previously defined relationships between gp120 epitopes were preserved on the variable loop-deleted protein, although interactions between some epitopes were dependent on the presence of the V1, V2, and V3 loops. Enzymatic deglycosylation of the variable loop-deleted protein only minimally altered the binding of most antibodies examined. Thus, a carbohydrate-deficient, conserved HIV-1 gp120 core can be produced that has a structure closely approximating that of the full-length, correctly folded gp120 monomer.
A facile synthesis of substituted 3-amino-1H-quinazoline-2,4-diones (2005)

A new synthesis of a series of 3-amino-1H-quinazoline-2,4-diones is described. The 1H-quinazoline-2,4-dione 10 was made starting with fluorobenzoic acid in three high yielding steps. The key step of this synthesis involved the generation of the dianion of urea 7 and the subsequent intramolecular nucleophilic displacement of the 2-fluoro to form the quinazolinedione ring. The 3-amino moiety was incorporated using (2,4-dinitro-phenyl)-hydroxylamine as the aminating reagent.
A quinolin-8-ol sub-millimolar inhibitor of UGGT, the ER glycoprotein folding quality control checkpoint (2022)

The Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) glycoprotein folding Quality Control (ERQC) machinery aids folding of glycoproteins in the ER. Misfolded glycoprotein recognition and ER-retention is mediated by the ERQC checkpoint enzyme, the 170 kDa UDP-Glucose glycoprotein glucosyltransferase (UGGT). UGGT modulation is a promising strategy for broad-spectrum antivirals, rescue-of-secretion therapy in rare disease caused by responsive mutations in glycoprotein genes, and many cancers, but to date no selective UGGT inhibitors are known. Towards the generation of selective UGGT inhibitors, we determined the crystal structures of the catalytic domain of Chaetomium thermophilum UGGT ( Ct UGGT GT24 ), alone and in complex with the inhibitor UDP-2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose (U2F). Using the Ct UGGT GT24 crystals, we carried out a fragment-based lead discovery screen via X-ray crystallography and discovered that the small molecule 5-[(morpholin-4-yl)methyl]quinolin-8-ol (5M-8OH-Q) binds a Ct UGGT GT24 ‘WY’ conserved surface motif that is not present in other GT24 family glycosyltransferases. The 5M-8OH-Q molecule has a 613 µ M binding affinity for human UGGT1 in vitro as measured by saturation transfer difference NMR spectroscopy. The 5M-8OH-Q molecule inhibits both human UGGT1and UGGT2 activity at concentrations higher than 750 µ M in modified HEK293-6E cells. The compound is toxic in cellula and in planta at concentrations higher than 1 mM. A few off-target effects are also observed upon 5M-8OH-Q treatment. Based on an in silico model of the interaction between UGGT and its substrate N -glycan, the 5M-8OH-Q molecule likely works as a competitive inhibitor, binding to the site of recognition of the first GlcNAc residue of the substrate N -glycan. Significance Statement When a candidate drug target is the product of a housekeeping gene - i.e. it is important for the normal functioning of the healthy cell – availability of inhibitors for tests and assays is of paramount importance. One such housekeeping protein is UGGT, the enzyme that makes sure that only correctly folded glycoproteins can leave the endoplasmic reticulum for further trafficking through the secretory pathway. UGGT is a potential drug target against viruses, in certain instances of congenital rare disease, and against some cancers, but no UGGT inhibitors are known yet. We discovered and describe here a small molecule that binds human UGGT1 in vitro and inhibits both isoforms of human UGGT in cellula . The compound paves the way to testing of UGGT inhibition as a potential pharmacological strategy in a number of medical contexts.
THERMAL MANAGEMENT FOR THE ROBUSTNESS IMPROVEMENT OF DOUBLE SIDED SMT SOLDER REFLOW (1997)

Double sided surface mount assembly (SMA) can increase packing density but also pose some manufacturing problems as it requires a two-pass reflow process. Methodologies are proposed in this paper to improve the robustness of this double pass process. Based on thermal analysis, certain combinations of surface mount components and certain sequences of the thermal reflow process should be avoided because of much higher risks affecting quality and yield. However, if such combinations and sequences are unavoidable, methods of differential heating can be exploited to improve the manufacturability of this double sided SMA.
The 2017 Plasma Roadmap: Low temperature plasma science and technology (2017)

Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics published the first Plasma Roadmap in 2012 consisting of the individual perspectives of 16 leading experts in the various sub-fields of low temperature plasma science and technology. The 2017 Plasma Roadmap is the first update of a planned series of periodic updates of the Plasma Roadmap. The continuously growing interdisciplinary nature of the low temperature plasma field and its equally broad range of applications are making it increasingly difficult to identify major challenges that encompass all of the many sub-fields and applications. This intellectual diversity is ultimately a strength of the field. The current state of the art for the 19 sub-fields addressed in this roadmap demonstrates the enviable track record of the low temperature plasma field in the development of plasmas as an enabling technology for a vast range of technologies that underpin our modern society. At the same time, the many important scientific and technological challenges shared in this roadmap show that the path forward is not only scientifically rich but has the potential to make wide and far reaching contributions to many societal challenges.
ChemInform Abstract: Agelastatin A, a New Skeleton Cytotoxic Alkaloid of the Oroidin Family. Isolation from the Axinellid Sponge Agelas dendromorpha of the Coral Sea. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.