gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of corn stover as carbon supplement on an integrated anaerobic digestion and ethanol fermentation process (2013)

An integrated anaerobic digestion (AD) and ethanol fermentation process on a mixed feedstock of dairy manure and corn stover was performed to investigate the influence of corn stover on biogas production, lignocellulose decomposition efficiency, and ethanol production of the digested fiber (AD fiber). Addition of corn stover not only promoted the biogas production but also enhanced ethanol production from AD fiber. A 20% addition of corn stover increased the methane production from a semi-continuous anaerobic co-digestion by 14% compared to the digestion of dairy manure only, and the cellulose utilization efficiency of AD fiber from the co-digestion was significantly (p &amp;lt; 0.05) higher than that from manure digestion. The net energy production, including both anaerobic co-digestion and bioethanol production, was increased from 8017 to 9573 kJ kg−1 dry raw feed. The results indicated that anaerobic co-digestion of dairy manure and corn stover can significantly enhance feedstock utilization efficiency and improve the energy balance of the integrated anaerobic digestion and ethanol fermentation process.
Content-adaptive image downscaling (2013)

This paper introduces a novel content-adaptive image downscaling method. The key idea is to optimize the shape and locations of the downsampling kernels to better align with local image features. Our content-adaptive kernels are formed as a bilateral combination of two Gaussian kernels defined over space and color, respectively. This yields a continuum ranging from smoothing to edge/detail preserving kernels driven by image content. We optimize these kernels to represent the input image well, by finding an output image from which the input can be well reconstructed. This is technically realized as an iterative maximum-likelihood optimization using a constrained variation of the Expectation-Maximization algorithm. In comparison to previous downscaling algorithms, our results remain crisper without suffering from ringing artifacts. Besides natural images, our algorithm is also effective for creating pixel art images from vector graphics inputs, due to its ability to keep linear features sharp and connected.
A 3D co-culture intestinal organoid system for exploring glucose metabolism (2022)

Many treatments have been used for glucose metabolism diseases such as type 2 diabetes, and all of those treatments have several advantages as well as limitations. This review introduces a 3D co-culture intestinal organoid system developed from stem cells, which has the special function of simulating human tissues. Recent studies have revealed that the gut is an important site for exploring the interactions among glucose metabolism, gut microbial metabolism, and gut microbiota. Therefore, 3D intestinal organoid systems can be used to imitate the congenital errors of human gut development, drug screening, food transportation and toxicity analysis. The intestinal organoid system construction methods and their progress as compared with traditional 2D culture methods have also been summarised in the manuscript. This paper discusses the research progress in terms of intestinal organoids applicable to glucose metabolism and provides new ideas for developing anti-diabetic drugs with high efficiency and low toxicity.
Isolation, cultivation and characterization of porcine tracheal epithelial cells for tissue engineering purposes (2007)

Aims: The mechanisms of formation and proliferation of tracheal respiratory epithelium is a fundamental objective in tracheal tissue engineering. To evaluate the progenitor potential of specific cell types of the tracheal epithelium, cells have to be isolated, identified and characterized prior expansion for re-epithelization purposes of a tracheal patch.
A Clock Retiming Circuit for Repeaterless Low Swing On-Chip Interconnects (2017)

Repeaterless low swing interconnects have been proposed for enhancing the performance of long on-chip interconnects. Synchronization of these high speed, low swing interconnects is important for proper operation. This paper discusses a clock synchronizing circuit for low swing interconnects. The circuit uses a combination of a delay locked loop (DLL), that generates multiple phases of the clock, and an analog voltage controlled delay line (VCDL). The circuit picks one of the phases of the DLL and tries to achieve lock by delaying this clock using the VCDL. If the VCDL range is not sufficient to achieve lock, a coarse correction is automatically triggered by the circuit, which is realized by picking the next adjacent phase of the DLL. Using the multiple clock phases inherently available in the system, a low latency clock domain transfer from the sampling clock domain to the receiver clock domain is achieved. The proposed synchronizer has been designed and fabricated in UMC 130 nm CMOS technology. The circuit consumes 1.4 mW from a 1.2 V supply at a data rate of 1.3 Gbps.
Nonlinear Scaling Rules for Brushless PM Synchronous Machines Based on Optimal Design Studies for a Wide Range of Power Ratings (2013)

A large-scale unitary study for a generic topology of surface-mounted permanent-magnet brushless motors operated from sine-wave current-regulated drives is described. A parametric motor model employing eight independent variables is introduced. A wide range of power ratings, from 1 kW to 1 MW, and a large spread of physical dimensions, with a stator inner (air-gap) diameter as low as 50 mm and as high as 500 mm, were considered. A sensitivity analysis based on the response surface method was performed, and a differential evolution algorithm was applied to find the optimal solutions for different power ratings. A computationally efficient finite-element analysis ultrafast technique was employed in order to calculate the performance of approximately 30 000 candidate machine designs within a reasonable time. The study provides rules for scaling the machine main design parameters with the power rating in order to achieve minimum active material cost per point of efficiency.
Single photon counting for 1300-1600 nm using Peltier cooled and passively quenched InGaAs avalanche photodiodes (2002)

Summary form only given. Within this work we study single photon counting using passively quenched InGaAs avalanche photodiodes. Continuous operation is favourable for applications such as light fluctuation studies, rangefinding and OTDR. We would also like to build modules that can operate in the field and thus concentrate on temperatures easily achieved by Peltier cooling T>200 K. We report the comparative performance of detectors from NEC, EG&G and Fujitsu. Data will be presented comparing dark counts, quantum efficiency, timing jitter and afterpulsing probabilities for the various devices and temperatures down to 200 K. We find the best devices can show noise equivalent powers reaching 10/sup -15/ W/Hz/sup 1/2/.
3D multi-echo GRE MRI of the whole liver: First experiences of a volumetric segment-by-segment R2* analysis (2023)

Purpose: To test liver segmentation of 3D-multi-gradient-echo MRI data and segmental R 2 * evaluation. Methods: 44 patients examined by multi-gradient-echo MRI underwent semiautomatic liver segmentation and subdivision into nine segments. Segmental R 2 * values were analyzed in all patients together and in patient subgroups. Results: R 2 * was lowest in segment 1 (S1), differences to S1 were significant for S3, S5 and S6, highly significant to S2 and S7. Patients with high average R 2 * showed also significant differences to S1 in some segments. Conclusions: Inhomogeneity of hepatic iron distribution was found. Low R 2 * in S1 may be explained by its special vascular supply.
The Internet fish construction kit (1997)

We describe in this paper the Internet Fish Construction Kit, a tool for building persistent, personal, dynamic information gatherers (“Internet Fish”) [3] for the World-Wide Web. Internet Fish (IFish) differ from current resource discovery tools in that they are introspective, incorporating deep structural knowledge of the organization and services of the Web, and are also capable of on-the-fly reconfiguration, modification and expansion. Introspection lets IFish examine their own information-gathering processes and identify successful resource discovery techniques while they operate; IFish automatically remember not only what information has been uncovered but also how that information was derived. Dynamic reconfiguration and expansion permits IFish to be modified to take advantage of new information sources or analysis techniques, or to model changes in the user’s interests, as they wander the Web. Together, these properties define a much more powerful class of resource discovery tools than previously available. The IFish Construction Kit makes it possible to rapidly and easily build IFish-class tools. The Kit includes a general architecture for individual IFish, a language for specifying IFish information objects, and an operating environment for running individual IFish.
Reconstructive Ultrasound Elasticity Imaging for Renal Transplant Diagnosis: Kidney Ex Vivo Results (2000)

It may be possible to diagnose and monitor scarring, inflammation and edema in transplant kidney using reconstructive ultrasound elasticity imaging. Kidney elasticity is expected to change dramatically with scar, and to a lesser degree, with acute inflammation and edema. The hypothesis that changes in kidney elasticity can be imaged using a clinical ultrasound scanner was experimentally tested with an ex vivo canine kidney model, and results on a single pair of kidneys are reported in this paper. A cross-linking agent affected kidney elasticity both globally and locally. Elasticity changes were monitored with accurate estimates of internal displacement and strain followed by Young's modulus reconstruction. The results of this study strongly suggest that ultrasound elasticity imaging can detect elasticity changes in complex structures such as the kidney. Moreover, it has the potential to become an important clinical tool for renal transplant diagnosis.
Respiratory viruses and bacteria, antibodies and cytokines in patients with bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease phenotype (2014)

The aim of the study was to analyze respiratory viruses and cytokines in induced sputum samples, serum Mycoplasma pneumoniae antigens and antiMycoplasma and antiChlamydia antibodies in stable patients with bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) phenotype. Methods. RNAs of rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, metapneumovirus, types 1, 2, 3, and 4 influenza viruses, coronaviruses ОС43, Е229, NL63, and HKUI; DNA of group B, C and E adenoviruses and bocavirus were detected by realtime PCR with hybridization and fluorescent detection. Serum IgG, IgM and IgA antibodies against C. pneumoniae were detected with indirect microimmunofluorescence assay. Mycoplasma pneumoniae antigens were detected with aggregate hemagglutination method. Results . In patients with asthma plus COPD phenotype, three respiratory viruses were detected in sputum, such as rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus and adenovirus; antigens of and / or antibodies against M. pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae were also detected in blood sera. The respiratory infections were associated with imbalanced ratio of interferon types I, II, III and MxA antiviral protein. In patients with no expression of IFNβ gene, IFNα RNA was detected in 58.3% of samples and IFNλ RNA was detected in 42.9 % of samples. Decreased functional activities of IFNα and IFNγ were found.
Rotor Track and Balance Improvements (2014)

Vibration derived from the main rotor dynamics and imbalance causes premature wear to the aircraft components, and can cause pilot fatigue. While improvements have been made in rotor track and balance (RTB) techniques; there is room to enhance the quality of the recommended RTB adjustments. One aspect that limits the development of RTB algorithms is the difficulty in quantifying the performance of new algorithms. This is because there are limited data sets to work on, and no agreed upon metrics on which to measure RTB performance. This paper develops a methodology to simulate the vibration due to injecting a fault into the rotor system, and demonstrates metrics to evaluate the performance of a RTB algorithm. A new Bayes RTB method is evaluated against a standard least squares technique. In addition, an Expert System technique is presented to automate the selection of active adjustments.
Advanced therapy regulation in the UK: what might the future hold post-Brexit? (2020)

The development of Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products (ATMPs) in the European Union (EU) is subject to a unique ‘patchwork’ of associated but distinct European regulations and directives. However, the UK’s exit from the EU has provided an opportunity to evaluate all medicines legislation that currently applies in the UK, including those governing the regulation of ATMPs. Despite the challenges and uncertainties associated with the UK’s exit from the EU, it is important to acknowledge that this change can create new opportunities from which the UK can benefit, whilst staying aligned to the EU. The UK can take the opportunity to orient its legislation and associated procedures towards the unique requirements of ATMPs throughout their life-cycle; from the procurement of cell and tissue-based starting materials, the Gene Modified Organism (GMO) legislation through to manufacture, licensure and adoption. This paper discusses where, if at all, the UK might diverge or expand from the EU regulatory framework for ATMPs and what challenges and advantages this might bring.
Charge recycling in MTCMOS circuits (2006)

Designing an energy efficient power gating structure is an important and challenging task in Multi-Threshold CMOS (MTCMOS) circuit design. In order to achieve a very low power design, the large amount of energy consumed during mode transition in MTCMOS circuits should be avoided. In this paper, we propose an appropriate charge recycling technique to reduce energy consumption during the mode transition of MTCMOS circuits. The proposed method can save up to 46% of the mode transition energy while, in most cases, maintaining, or even improving, the wake up time of the original circuit. It also reduces the peak negative voltage value and the settling time of the ground bounce.
Gold passivated mechanically flexible interconnects (MFIs) with high elastic deformation (2012)

This paper reports the fabrication and testing of gold passivated mechanically flexible interconnects (MFIs) with elastic deformation of 65 μm. It is shown that the gold passivation plays a critical role in preserving the lifetime of the flexible interconnects. The gold-passivated MFIs exhibit an unchanged force-displacement characteristic after being vertically indented 100 cycles.
Aqueous Processing and Formulation of Indigo Carmine Positive Electrode for Lithium Organic Battery (2019)

International audience
Repeatability of simultaneous 3D 1H MRF/23Na MRI in brain at 7 T (2022)

Proton MRI can provide detailed morphological images, but it reveals little information about cell homeostasis. On the other hand, sodium MRI can provide metabolic information but cannot resolve fine structures. The complementary nature of proton and sodium MRI raises the prospect of their combined use in a single experiment. In this work, we assessed the repeatability of normalized proton density (PD), T<sub>1</sub>, T<sub>2</sub>, and normalized sodium density-weighted quantification measured with simultaneous 3D <sup>1</sup>H MRF/<sup>23</sup>Na MRI in the brain at 7 T, from ten healthy volunteers who were scanned three times each. The coefficients of variation (CV) and the intra-class correlation (ICC) were calculated for the mean and standard deviation (SD) of these 4 parameters in grey matter, white matter, and cerebrospinal fluid. As result, the CVs were lower than 3.3% for the mean values and lower than 6.9% for the SD values. The ICCs were higher than 0.61 in all 24 measurements. We conclude that the measurements of normalized PD, T<sub>1</sub>, T<sub>2</sub>, and normalized sodium density-weighted from simultaneous 3D <sup>1</sup>H MRF/<sup>23</sup>Na MRI in the brain at 7 T showed high repeatability. We estimate that changes > 6.6% (> 2 CVs) in mean values of both <sup>1</sup>H and <sup>23</sup>Na metrics could be detectable with this method.
On rate-distortion with mixed types of side information (2006)

In this correspondence, we consider rate-distortion examples in the presence of side information. For a system with some side information known at both the encoder and decoder, and some known only at the decoder, we evaluate the rate distortion function for both Gaussian and binary sources. While the Gaussian example is a straightforward generalization of the corresponding result by Wyner, the binary example proves more difficult and is solved using a multidimensional optimization approach. Leveraging the insights gained from the binary example, we then solve the more complicated binary Heegard and Berger problem of decoding when side information may be present. The results demonstrate the existence of a new type of successive refinement in which the refinement information is decoded together with side information that is not available for the initial description.
Temperature Dependence of the Beating Frequency of hiPSC-CMs Using a MEMS Force Sensor (2023)

It is expected that human iPS cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) can be used to treat serious heart diseases. However, the properties and functions of human adult cardiomyocytes and hiPSC-CMs, including cell maturation, differ. In this study, we focused on the temperature dependence of hiPSC-CMs by integrating the temperature regulation system into our sensor platform, which can directly and quantitatively measure their mechanical motion. We measured the beating frequency of hiPSC-CMs at different environmental temperatures and found that the beating frequency increased as the temperature increased. Although the rate at which the beating frequency increased with temperature varied, the temperature at which the beating stopped was relatively stable at approximately 20 °C. The stopping of beating at this temperature was stable, even in immature hiPSC-CMs, and was considered to be a primitive property of cardiomyocytes.
Optical properties of three-dimensional photonic crystals based on III–V semiconductors at infrared to near-infrared wavelengths (1999)

The optical properties of three-dimensional photonic crystals based on III–V semiconductors are investigated. The crystals are constructed by stacking GaAs (or InP) stripes with a wafer-fusion technique to form an asymmetric face-centered-cubic structure. It is shown that a crystal with eight-stacked layers (two units), whose period is 4 μm, has a considerable band-gap effect (∼30 dB attenuation) in the transmission spectrum at infrared wavelengths (5–10 μm), and the band gap is observed independently of the incident angles. Then, a crystal with four-stacked layers with a submicron period is constructed, and a clear band gap (attenuation up to 10 dB) is successfully observed at near-infrared wavelengths (1–1.5 μm).
Hardware security through design obfuscation (2010)

Insulin resistance in skeletal muscle is an early event in the development of diabetes with obesity being one of the major contributing factors. Conditioned medium (CM) from differentiated human adipocytes impairs insulin signalling in human skeletal muscle cells. Recent data on adipocyte-induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle cells describes underlying mechanisms of this process. Skeletal muscle insulin resistance involves multiple pathways and irreversible changes in the expression level of critical proteins. Furthermore, the reversibility of insulin resistance could be demonstrated. Several strategies to combat insulin resistance have been developed. One recent approach to treat obesity and the metabolic syndrome is the use of endocannabinoid receptor antagonists such as rimonabant. These compounds might also reduce insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes with effects on adipose tissue and liver and possibly skeletal muscle.
Abstract CN07-04: Dissecting the multicellular ecosystem of metastatic melanoma by single-cell RNA-seq (2015)

Abstract A single tumor is composed of malignant cells in diverse genetic and epigenetic states, and this diversity presents a significant barrier for targeted therapies. Furthermore, diverse non-malignant cells, such as immune, fibroblasts and endothelial cells shape the tumor microenvironment and are emerging as important drug targets. However, the diversity of cellular states among malignant and non-malignant cells within any tumor remains poorly understood. To begin to address these challenges we applied single-cell RNA-seq to profile &amp;gt;3,000 single cells isolated from 16 fresh human melanomas, and characterized distinct cell types and cell states. We found that malignant cells within the same tumor display transcriptional heterogeneity associated with multiple biological processes. In particular, subpopulations of cells in treatment-naïve tumors expressed a transcriptional program associated with resistance to RAF/MEK inhibition, and these were enriched in post-relapsed samples. Among several non-malignant cell types that were identified we focused on tumor-infiltrating T-cells and identified multiple profiles of exhaustion which differed among patients and could be linked to prior immunotherapies. Finally, we used our single cell–derived profiles of cell types within melanoma to deconvolve publicly available bulk tumor profiles and infer interactions between cells in the tumor microenvironment. This work demonstrates the capacity of single cell transcriptomics to offer new insights with implications for both targeted and immune therapies and will be broadly applicable to other tumor types. Citation Format: Itay Tirosh, Benjamin Izar, Sanjay M. Prakadan, Marc H. Wadsworth II, Daniel Treacy, John J. Trombetta, Diana Lu, Asaf Rotem, Christine Lian, George Murphy, Ofir Cohen, Eli van Allen, Monica Bertagnolli, Alex Genshaft, Travis K. Hughes, Carly G. K. Ziegler, Samuel W. Kazer, Aleth Gaillard, Kellie E. Kolb, Judit Valbuena1, Charles Yoon, Orit Rozenblatt-Rosen, Alex K. Shalek, Aviv Regev and Levi Garraway. Dissecting the multicellular ecosystem of metastatic melanoma by single-cell RNA-seq. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2015 Nov 5-9; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2015;14(12 Suppl 2):Abstract nr CN07-04.
Peripheral circuit integrated poly-Si TFT LCD with gray scale representation (2003)

A 3.3-in.-diagonal fully-integrated low-temperature-processed poly-Si TFT LCD (thin-film transistor liquid-crystal diode) with 4 gray scale (64 colours) representation was fabricated on a glass substrate. Good viewing characteristics, with a high contrast ratio more than 25 were obtained. Integrated data drive circuits consisted of divided matrix switches, line memories, and multilevel selectors. High-frequency drive capability was realized by using divided matrix switches with small line memory capacitance. Four-level gray-scale voltage was generated by the multilevel selectors. Integrated scan drive circuits consist of shift registers, level shifters, ratioless buffers, and multiplexers. Using a ratioless buffer, high-speed operation and low-power consumption was realized. By integrating peripheral drive circuits in a prototype display with (132*3)*133 dots, the number of external connections was reduced from 531 to 101. The maximum scan and data frequencies were 100 kHz and 10 MHz, respectively. These integrated peripheral circuits were capable of driving a display with (640*3)*400 dots at a frame frequency of 60 Hz.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>