gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of Si:H Alloy with Plenty of –SiH3 by Reactive Sputtering onto Low Temperature Substrate (1983)

Si:H alloy with strong infrared absorption bands due to the –SiH 3 group was fabricated by means of a planar magnetron r.f. sputtering technique in hydrogen gas onto a low temperature substrate. The content of the –SiH 3 group increases greatly by cooling down the single crystal silicon wafer substrate to about -60°C. The deposition rate was 1200 Å/min. The deposit Si:H alloy is composed of microcrystalline grains with a uniform polyhedron or spherical shape and a uniform diameter of 100 Å.
PAR-1 contributes to the innate immune response during viral infection (2021)

Coagulation is a host defense system that limits the spread of pathogens. Coagulation proteases, such as thrombin, also activate cells by cleaving PARs. In this study, we analyzed the role of PAR-1 in coxsackievirus B3–induced (CVB3-induced) myocarditis and influenza A infection. CVB3-infected Par1–/– mice expressed reduced levels of IFN-β and CXCL10 during the early phase of infection compared with Par1+/+ mice that resulted in higher viral loads and cardiac injury at day 8 after infection. Inhibition of either tissue factor or thrombin in WT mice also significantly increased CVB3 levels in the heart and cardiac injury compared with controls. BM transplantation experiments demonstrated that PAR-1 in nonhematopoietic cells protected mice from CVB3 infection. Transgenic mice overexpressing PAR-1 in cardiomyocytes had reduced CVB3-induced myocarditis. We found that cooperative signaling between PAR-1 and TLR3 in mouse cardiac fibroblasts enhanced activation of p38 and induction of IFN-β and CXCL10 expression. Par1–/– mice also had decreased CXCL10 expression and increased viral levels in the lung after influenza A infection compared with Par1+/+ mice. Our results indicate that the tissue factor/thrombin/PAR-1 pathway enhances IFN-β expression and contributes to the innate immune response during single-stranded RNA viral infection.
Abstract B023: Costimulatory T-cell engagement via a novel bispecific anti-CD137 /anti-HER2 protein based on Anticalin® technology (2016)

Abstract Background: CD137 is a potent costimulatory immunoreceptor and a member of the TNF-receptor (TNFR) superfamily. The receptor, also known as 4-1BB, is mainly expressed on activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, activated B cells, and natural killer (NK) cells. While multiple lines of evidence show that CD137 is a highly promising therapeutic target, current approaches are not designed to achieve a tumor-target driven activation, which may reduce the available therapeutic window via peripheral T cell activation and toxicity. To overcome this limitation, we applied Anticalin® technology to generate a bispecific protein therapeutic binding to CD137 and a differentially expressed tumor target, HER2. Methods: Anticalin® proteins are 18 kD protein therapeutics derived from human lipocalins which enable straight-forward multimeric drug targeting across several formats. We utilized phage display to generate an Anticalin protein binding to CD137 with high affinity and specificity. The CD137-specific Anticalin protein was genetically fused to a Trastuzumab variant, yielding four different constructs covering a range of distances between the binding sites of the T cell-target and the tumor cell target. To minimize Fc-receptor interaction of the resulting bispecific and concomitant potential toxicity towards CD137-positive cells, the backbone of Trastuzumab was switched from IgG1 to an engineered IgG4 isotype. Results: All four bispecific constructs bound the targets CD137 and HER2 with a nearly identical affinity compared to the parental building blocks, and both targets could be simultaneously bound. Compared to non-engineered Trastuzumab, binding to human receptors FcγRI and FcγRIII was significantly reduced, while binding to the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) was retained. Functional activity was demonstrated in human T cell activation assays, and shown to be tumor target (HER2) dependent. Conclusion: We report the first bispecific therapeutic protein that targets the potent costimulatory immunoreceptor CD137 in a tumor-target dependent manner, utilizing HER2 as the tumor target. Compared to currently existing CD137-targeting antibodies, this approach has the potential to provide a more localized activation of the immune system with reduced peripheral toxicity. Bispecific T cell engagers based on CD137 and HER2 may have utility in HER2-positive cancers where there is a significant unmet medical need, such as bladder, ovarian and gastric cancer. Citation Format: Marlon J. Hinner, Rachida-Siham Bel Aiba, Alexander Wiedenmann, Corinna Schlosser, Andrea Allersdorfer, Gabriele Matschiner, Christine Rothe, Ulrich Moebius, Shane A. Olwill. Costimulatory T-cell engagement via a novel bispecific anti-CD137 /anti-HER2 protein based on Anticalin® technology. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR Inaugural International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; September 16-19, 2015; New York, NY. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2016;4(1 Suppl):Abstract nr B023.
IgG serology in health care and administrative staff populations from 7 hospitals representative of different exposures to SARS-CoV-2 in Lombardy, Italy (2020)

Abstract Lombardy is one of the regions in Italy most affected by COVID-19. We assessed the diffusion of the virus via testing plasma anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in 3985 employees of 7 different hospitals, located across the Lombardy region in areas with different exposure to the epidemic. Subjects filled an anamnestic questionnaire to self-report on COVID-19 symptoms, co-morbidities, smoking, regular or smart-working, and the exposure to COVID-19-infected individuals. We show that the number of individuals exposed to the virus depended on the geographical area where the hospital was located and ranged between 3 to 43% which correlated with the incidence of COVID-19 in Lombardy. There was a higher prevalence of females than males positive for IgG, however the level of antibodies was similar, suggesting a comparable magnitude of the response. We observed 10% of IgG positive asymptomatic individuals and another 20% with one or two symptoms. 81% of individuals presenting both anosmia/ageusia and fever resulted SARS-CoV-2 infected. IgG positivity correlated with family contacts. In conclusion, the frequency of IgG positivity and SARS-CoV-2 infection is dependent on the geographical exposure to the virus and to extra-hospital exposure.
Body centered cubic magnesium niobium hydride with facile room temperature absorption and four weight percent reversible capacity (2012)

We have synthesized a new metastable metal hydride with promising hydrogen storage properties. Body centered cubic (bcc) magnesium niobium hydride (Mg(0.75)Nb(0.25))H(2) possesses 4.5 wt% hydrogen gravimetric density, with 4 wt% being reversible. Volumetric hydrogen absorption measurements yield an enthalpy of hydride formation of -53 kJ mol(-1) H(2), which indicates a significant thermodynamic destabilization relative to the baseline -77 kJ mol(-1) H(2) for rutile MgH(2). The hydrogenation cycling kinetics are remarkable. At room temperature and 1 bar hydrogen it takes 30 minutes to absorb a 1.5 μm thick film at sorption cycle 1, and 1 minute at cycle 5. Reversible desorption is achieved in about 60 minutes at 175 °C. Using ab initio calculations we have examined the thermodynamic stability of metallic alloys with hexagonal close packed (hcp) versus bcc crystal structure. Moreover we have analyzed the formation energies of the alloy hydrides that are bcc, rutile or fluorite.
Sustainable -Caprolactam synthesis using reusable task specific ionic liquid under mild Conditions (2011)

International audience
Handling the Normal Component in Frictionless Collision Sequences With Central Impact (2000)

A common assumption for rigid body collisions with multiple impact points is that all collisions occur simultaneously and are synchronized in their compression/expansion behavior, a useful assumption given the microscopic time-scale at which collisions occur. In case collisions are dependent on one another, however, there is interaction between and within compression and expansion phases. Instead of a pairwise evaluation of collisions or simultaneous activation of all collision constraints, a rule is presented that orders the collisions as a sequence of interacting events at a point in time to handle the normal component of the velocities.
Design of UWB RF receiver front-end with heterogeneous chip integration (2011)

In this work, a 3–5 GHz CMOS UWB RF receiver front-end design is described. The design was realized using integrated passive device (IPD) package format as system-in-package (SiP) application. The CMOS circuit consists of a fully differential common gate-low noise amplifier (CG-LNA), an IQ downconversion mixer, and a variable gain amplifier. Three low loss IPD transformer baluns are used to convert unbalanced signals into balanced signals for feeding into the RF and LO input ports of the CMOS circuit. Measurement results indicate that the average conversion gain is 16.3 dB while the average IIP3 and noise figure are around −10.4 dBm and 6.1 dB, respectively, over the entire operating frequency range.
Fabrication and enhanced light-trapping properties of three-dimensional silicon nanostructures for photovoltaic applications (2014)

Abstract In order to make photovoltaics an economically viable energy solution, next-generation solar cells with higher energy conversion efficiencies and lower costs are urgently desired. Among many possible solutions, three-dimensional (3D) silicon nanostructures with excellent light-trapping properties are one of the promising candidates and have recently attracted considerable attention for cost-effective photovoltaic applications. This is because their enhanced light-trapping characteristics and high carrier collection efficiencies can enable the use of cheaper and thinner silicon materials. In this review, recent developments in the controllable fabrication of 3D silicon nanostructures are summarized, followed by the investigation of optical properties on a number of different nanostructures, including nanowires, nanopillars, nanocones, nanopencils, and nanopyramids, etc. Even though nanostructures with radial p-n junction demonstrate excellent photon management properties and enhanced photo-carrier collection efficiencies, the photovoltaic performance of nanostructure-based solar cells is still significantly limited due to the high surface recombination effect, which is induced by high-density surface defects as well as the large surface area in high-aspect-ratio nanostructures. In this regard, various approaches in reducing the surface recombination are discussed and an overall geometrical consideration of both light-trapping and recombination effects to yield the best photovoltaic properties are emphasized.
Grass pollen in the atmosphere of Melbourne: Seasonal distribution over nine years (1995)

Abstract Both the seasonal and diurnal incidence of grass pollen in the atmosphere of Melbourne have been established using data from seven pollen seasons (1975–1980 and 1991–1993). Grass pollen represented an average of 26% (ranging from 22 to 33.1%) of the total pollen count. November and December are the most important months with an average of 81% of the total grass pollen. There is marked variation in the total seasonal and daily grass pollen counts. The total seasonal grass pollen count varied from 2319 to 6798 grains, while the daily grass pollen count fluctuated from 0 to 549 grains m-3 of air. In this study, we arbitrarily assigned days during the grass pollen season with > 100 grains m-3 of air as extremely high, > 50 grains m-3 of air as high, 21–50 grains m-3 of air as moderate and < 20 grains m-3 of air as low. The number of days with extremely high counts varied from 3 to 26. The number of days with high counts varied from 7 to 21, with the highest number of days occurring in seasons with more than 5500 grass pollen. This classification has been used in the dissemination of pollen counts to the media in order to provide information for allergy suffers.
Predicting endoscopic remission in Crohn’s disease by the modified multiplier SES-CD (MM-SES-CD) (2021)

We developed and internally validated the MM-SES-CD as an endoscopic severity assessment tool to predict one-year ER in patients with CD on active therapy.
Whole-Brain 3D Activation and Functional Connectivity Mapping in Mice using Transcranial Functional Ultrasound Imaging (2021)

Functional ultrasound (fUS) imaging is a novel brain imaging modality that relies on the high-sensitivity measure of the cerebral blood volume achieved by ultrafast doppler angiography. As brain perfusion is strongly linked to local neuronal activity, this technique allows the whole-brain 3D mapping of task-induced regional activation as well as resting-state functional connectivity, non-invasively, with unmatched spatio-temporal resolution and operational simplicity. In comparison with fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging), a main advantage of fUS imaging consists in enabling a complete compatibility with awake and behaving animal experiments. Moreover, fMRI brain mapping in mice, the most used preclinical model in Neuroscience, remains technically challenging due to the small size of the brain and the difficulty to maintain stable physiological conditions. Here we present a simple, reliable and robust protocol for whole-brain fUS imaging in anesthetized and awake mice using an off-the-shelf commercial fUS system with a motorized linear transducer, yielding significant cortical activation following sensory stimulation as well as reproducible 3D functional connectivity pattern for network identification.
Inhibition of hepatic sulfatase-2 In Vivo : A novel strategy to correct diabetic dyslipidemia (2012)

Despite extensive metabolic derangements in T2DM mice, inhibition of a single dys-regulated molecule, SULF2, normalizes the VLDL-binding capacity of their hepatocytes and abolishes postprandial hypertriglyceridemia. These findings provide a key proof of concept in vivo to support Sulf2 inhibition as an attractive strategy to improve metabolic dyslipidemia.
Adociasulfates 1−6, Inhibitors of Kinesin Motor Proteins from the Sponge Haliclona (aka Adocia) sp. (1999)

Adociasulfates 1−6 (1−6) were isolated from an extract of the Palauan sponge Haliclona (aka Adocia) sp. that inhibited the transport of stabilized microtubules by the motor protein kinesin, which was immobilized on a microscope slide. The structures of adociasulfates 1−6, the relative stereochemistry of adociasulfates 1, 2, 5, and 6, and the relative stereochemistry of subunits of adociasulfates 3 and 4 were determined by interpretation of spectroscopic data. In a quantitative assay that measures ATP hydrolysis by kinesin, adociasulfates 2 and 6 were the most active.
TET2 Deficiency Causes Germinal Center Hyperplasia, Impairs Plasma Cell Differentiation, and Promotes B-cell Lymphomagenesis (2018)

<i>TET2</i> somatic mutations occur in ∼10% of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL) but are of unknown significance. Herein, we show that TET2 is required for the humoral immune response and is a DLBCL tumor suppressor. TET2 loss of function disrupts transit of B cells through germinal centers (GC), causing GC hyperplasia, impaired class switch recombination, blockade of plasma cell differentiation, and a preneoplastic phenotype. TET2 loss was linked to focal loss of enhancer hydroxymethylation and transcriptional repression of genes that mediate GC exit, such as PRDM1. Notably, these enhancers and genes are also repressed in <i>CREBBP</i>-mutant DLBCLs. Accordingly, <i>TET2</i> mutation in patients yields a <i>CREBBP</i>-mutant gene-expression signature, <i>CREBBP</i> and <i>TET2</i> mutations are generally mutually exclusive, and hydroxymethylation loss caused by TET2 deficiency impairs enhancer H3K27 acetylation. Hence, TET2 plays a critical role in the GC reaction, and its loss of function results in lymphomagenesis through failure to activate genes linked to GC exit signals. SIGNIFICANCE: We show that TET2 is required for exit of the GC, B-cell differentiation, and is a tumor suppressor for mature B cells. Loss of TET2 phenocopies <i>CREBBP</i> somatic mutation. These results advocate for sequencing <i>TET2</i> in patients with lymphoma and for the testing of epigenetic therapies to treat these tumors.<i>See related commentary by Shingleton and Dave, p. 1515</i>.<i>This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1494</i>.
PAM-4 transmission up to 160  Gb/s with surface-normal electro-absorption modulators (2020)

We report multi-level modulation in polarization-independent surface-normal electro-absorption modulators (SNEAMs). Four-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-4) at a line rate of 44 Gb/s is demonstrated on a fully packaged SNEAM with a 30 µm active area diameter and a 14 GHz electro-optic bandwidth. High-capacity PAM-4 transmission at 112 and 160 Gb/s is demonstrated on an unpackaged SNEAM chip, with a 15 µm active area diameter and ultrawide electro-optic bandwidth (≫65<i>G</i><i>H</i><i>z</i>). Fiber transmission is investigated for direct detection link lengths up to 23 km at 44 Gb/s and 2 km at 112 and 160 Gb/s, the highest multi-level modulation rates achieved on a SNEAM.
Definitions of dementia and predementia states in Alzheimer's disease and vascular cognitive impairment: consensus from the Canadian conference on diagnosis of dementia (2013)

There have been several newly proposed sets of diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer's disease/mild cognitive impairment, advanced by the National Institute of Aging/Alzheimer's Association working groups in 2011 and by the International Working Group in 2007 and 2010. These sets each aim to provide broader disease stage coverage with incorporation of disease biomarkers into the diagnostic process. They have focused particular attention on the earlier identification of disease with focus on the preclinical and predementia stages. This paper reviews these diagnostic criteria and provides 2012 consensus recommendations from the Canadian Consensus Conference on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Dementia on their applications in both clinical and research settings.
New time domain equalizer for multitone vehicle to vehicle communications (2011)

Pre-FFT time domain equalization plays an important role in OFDM systems experiencing delay spread that is larger than the OFDM cyclic-prefix duration. In such systems the time domain equalizer shortens the channel, so that ordinary OFDM proceeding may follow. The equalizers usually require a long training period, which grows with the delay spread, and are to be updated to accommodate channel variations. Due to these reasons they have mostly been implemented in wireline links such as ADSL, in which long training is allowed and the channel is quasi-static. The IEEE 802.11p is an emerging OFDM based standard for vehicle to vehicle communications, which borrows much of its physical layer from the indoor centric IEEE 802.11g (WiFi). Thus, it is no surprise that the IEEE 802.11p suffers from insufficient cyclic-prefix duration and pilot density, in high mobility outdoor environments. In this paper we propose new time domain equalizers, which are tailored for the IEEE 802.11p requirements, in terms of fast convergence on the preamble and the accommodation of high mobility. We show that in benchmark scenarios, the proposed equalizers are a key to reliable vehicle to vehicle communications.
IL-13 alters mucociliary differentiation and ciliary beating of human respiratory epithelial cells (2001)

In animal models of asthma, interleukin-13 (IL-13) induces goblet cell metaplasia, eosinophil infiltration of the bronchial mucosa, and bronchial hyperreactivity, but the basis of its effects on airway epithelia remain unknown. Lesions of the epithelial barrier, frequently observed in asthma and other chronic lung inflammatory diseases, are repaired through proliferation, migration, and differentiation of epithelial cells. An inflammatory process may then, therefore, influence epithelial regeneration. We have thus investigated the effect of IL-13 on mucociliary differentiation of human nasal epithelial cells in primary culture. We show that IL-13 alters ciliated cell differentiation and increases the proportion of secretory cells. IL-13 downregulates the actin-binding protein ezrin and other cytoskeletal components. IL-13 also impairs lateral cell contacts and interferes with the apical localization of ezrin seen in differentiated ciliated cells. In addition, an IL-4 antagonistic mutant protein (Y124D), which binds to the IL-4 receptor α subunit, a common chain of IL-4 and IL-13 receptors, inhibits IL-13’s effects. IL-13 also decreases ciliary beat frequency in a time- and dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that, in human allergic asthmatic responses, IL-13 affects both ciliated and secretory cell differentiation, leading to airway damage and obstruction.
Using the IPv6 Flow Label for Performance Measurement with Alternate Marking Method in Segment Routing (2017)

[RFC6294] makes a survey of Proposed Use Cases for the IPv6 Flow
Label. The IPv6 protocol includes a flow label in every packet header,
but this field is, according to [RFC6294], not used in practice. This
document describes how the alternate marking method can be used as the
passive performance measurement method in a IPv6 domain.
Lung toxicities of core&ndash;shell nanoparticles composed of carbon, cobalt, and silica (2013)

We present here comparative assessments of murine lung toxicity (biocompatibility) after in vitro and in vivo exposures to carbon (C-SiO2-etched), carbon-silica (C-SiO2), carbon-cobalt-silica (C-Co-SiO2), and carbon-cobalt oxide-silica (C-Co3O4-SiO2) nanoparticles. These nanoparticles have potential applications in clinical medicine and bioimaging, and thus their possible adverse events require thorough investigation. The primary aim of this work was to explore whether the nanoparticles are biocompatible with pneumatocyte bioenergetics (cellular respiration and adenosine triphosphate content). Other objectives included assessments of caspase activity, lung structure, and cellular organelles. Pneumatocyte bioenergetics of murine lung remained preserved after treatment with C-SiO2-etched or C-SiO2 nanoparticles. C-SiO2-etched nanoparticles, however, increased caspase activity and altered lung structure more than C-SiO2 did. Consistent with the known mitochondrial toxicity of cobalt, both C-Co-SiO2 and C-Co3O4-SiO2 impaired lung tissue bioenergetics. C-Co-SiO2, however, increased caspase activity and altered lung structure more than C-Co3O4-SiO2. The results indicate that silica shell is essential for biocompatibility. Furthermore, cobalt oxide is the preferred phase over the zerovalent Co(0) phase to impart biocompatibility to cobalt-based nanoparticles.
Method for Analyzing ExB Probe Spectra from Hall Thruster Plumes (2008)

Peer Reviewed
Component removal from a gas stream (2023)

In a first aspect, the disclosure provides a method for removing a component from a gas stream. A carrier gas stream is cooled by direct contact with a dehydrating solution stream. The dehydrating solution stream removes a portion of water present in the carrier gas stream and produces a dry gas stream and a wet solution stream. A portion of the component is removed from the dry gas stream by direct contact with a cold contact liquid stream. A depleted gas stream and a slurry stream are produced. Removing the portion of the component may include desublimating, freezing, condensing, depositing, or a combination thereof of the portion of the component out of the dry gas stream as a solid product. The slurry stream may include the solid product and a contact liquid. The solid product is separated from the contact liquid, producing a substantially pure solid product stream and the cold contact liquid stream.