gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantification of hydroxyl exchange of D‐Glucose at physiological conditions for optimization of glucoCEST MRI at 3, 7 and 9.4 Tesla (2019)

For the determined fast exchange regime, presaturation pulses in the spin-lock regime (long recover time, short yet strong saturation) were found to be optimal. This study gives an estimation for optimization of the glucoCEST signal in vivo on the basis of glucose exchange rate at physiological conditions.
Temperature Dependent Robust Behavioral Modeling of Non-Linear Power Amplifier (2018)

The performance and characteristics of a power amplifier (PA) are substantially changed by the variation of operating power level or ambient temperature. In this work, the steady state channel temperature of a PA is identified as an effective parameter for robust PA behavioral modeling under such practical variation. The model coefficients of the power amplifier at different input signal level are estimated as a function of temperature. The performance of the proposed temperature dependent PA modeling is evaluated with a 600 W digital video broadcasting- terrestrial (DVB-T)PA at 600 MHz. Measurement results shows the average NMSE of the proposed modeling approach below -35 dB which can go as high as 10 dB if not compensated properly when the operating power level changes. Such robustness of the temperature dependent high-power PA modeling at operating power variation is highly desirable.
Development and Characterization of Novel Conductive Sensing Fibers for In Vivo Nerve Stimulation (2021)

Advancements in electrode technologies to both stimulate and record the central nervous system's electrical activities are enabling significant improvements in both the understanding and treatment of different neurological diseases. However, the current neural recording and stimulating electrodes are metallic, requiring invasive and damaging methods to interface with neural tissue. These electrodes may also degrade, resulting in additional invasive procedures. Furthermore, metal electrodes may cause nerve damage due to their inherent rigidity. This paper demonstrates that novel electrically conductive organic fibers (ECFs) can be used for direct nerve stimulation. The ECFs were prepared using a standard polyester material as the structural base, with a carbon nanotube ink applied to the surface as the electrical conductor. We report on three experiments: the first one to characterize the conductive properties of the ECFs; the second one to investigate the fiber cytotoxic properties in vitro; and the third one to demonstrate the utility of the ECF for direct nerve stimulation in an in vivo rodent model.
Terahertz and Photonics Seamless Short‐Distance Links for Future Mobile Networks (2021)

Abstract High‐speed data transfer and high‐performance imaging can be realized by using radio‐waves in high‐frequency bands, such as millimeter‐waves and THz‐waves, where wide frequency bands are available. However, the cell size would be smaller than a few hundred meters, due to large free space propagation loss and large atmospheric attenuation. Thus, many base stations, which are connected by networks, are required to offer nationwide or global network services by such high‐frequency radio‐bands. The networks would be constructed by various transmission media including optical fibers and fixed wireless links, where many media converters are required. This paper reviews various technologies for seamless bridges between radio and optical links. For the time being, congestion of radio spectrum in THz bands is not significant. However, if we look at the history of radio‐wave technologies, spectral congestion has been high even in newly developed high frequency bands. In active radio services in millimeter‐wave or THz‐wave bands, interference mitigation with passive services such as radio astronomy and Earth observation satellites is an important issue, as of now. This paper describes research trends of THz‐wave technologies from the point of view of a figure of merit defined by a product of the carrier frequency and spectral efficiency, to discuss the significance of spectral efficiency enhancement in the high‐frequency region. Analysis of power consumption of short‐distance radio systems is also shown to discuss expected performance of THz‐wave links.
A low-power high-performance current-mode multiport SRAM (2001)

This paper presents a new approach for energy reduction and speed improvement of multiport SRAMs. The key idea is to use current-mode for both read and write operations. To toggle a memory cell, a very small voltage swing is first created on the high-capacitive bit lines. This voltage is then translated into a differential current being injected into the cell, which in turn allows complementary potential to be developed on the cell nodes. As compared to the conventional write approach, SPICE simulations using a 0.35-/spl mu/m CMOS process have shown 2.8 to 9.9/spl times/ in energy savings and 1.02 to 6.36/spl times/ reduction in delay, for memory sizes of 32 to 1 K words. We also present a current-mode sense-amplifier that operates in a similar fashion as the write circuit. The design and implementation of a pipelined 32/spl times/64 three-port register file utilizing the proposed technique is described. Measurements of the register file chip have confirmed the feasibility of the approach.
Comparative Magnitude and Persistence of Humoral SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Responses in the Adult Population in Germany (2022)

Recent increases in SARS-CoV-2 infections have led to questions about duration and quality of vaccine-induced immune protection. While numerous studies have been published on immune responses triggered by vaccination, these often focus on studying the impact of one or two immunisation schemes within subpopulations such as immunocompromised individuals or healthcare workers. To provide information on the duration and quality of vaccine-induced immune responses against SARS-CoV-2, we analyzed antibody titres against various SARS-CoV-2 antigens and ACE2 binding inhibition against SARS-CoV-2 wild-type and variants of concern in samples from a large German population-based seroprevalence study (MuSPAD) who had received all currently available immunisation schemes. We found that homologous mRNA-based or heterologous prime-boost vaccination produced significantly higher antibody responses than vector-based homologous vaccination. Ad26.CoV2S.2 performance was particularly concerning with reduced titres and 91.7% of samples classified as non-responsive for ACE2 binding inhibition, suggesting that recipients require a booster mRNA vaccination. While mRNA vaccination induced a higher ratio of RBD- and S1-targeting antibodies, vector-based vaccines resulted in an increased proportion of S2-targeting antibodies. Given the role of RBD- and S1-specific antibodies in neutralizing SARS-CoV-2, their relative over-representation after mRNA vaccination may explain why these vaccines have increased efficacy compared to vector-based formulations. Previously infected individuals had a robust immune response once vaccinated, regardless of which vaccine they received, which could aid future dose allocation should shortages arise for certain manufacturers. Overall, both titres and ACE2 binding inhibition peaked approximately 28 days post-second vaccination and then decreased.
NanoCT and contrast-enhanced nanoCT as first line screening and quality control tools for robust production of tissue engineered products: an overview (2015)

status: Accepted
Localization of a Germinant Receptor Protein (GerBA) to the Inner Membrane of Bacillus subtilis Spores (2001)

Dormant Bacillus subtilis spores germinate in response to specific nutrients called germinants, which are recognized by multisubunit receptor complexes encoded by members of the gerA family of operons, of which the gerB operon is a member. The germinant receptors are expected to be membrane associated, but there is some debate about whether they are located in the inner or outer spore membrane. In this study we have used Western blot analysis to determine the precise location of GerBA, a gerB-encoded receptor protein, in various spore fractions. GerBA was not extracted from spores by a decoating treatment that removes the coat and outer membrane but was present in lysates from decoated spores and in the insoluble fraction (termed P100) from such lysates that contained inner-membrane vesicles. GerBA was also solubilized from the P100 fraction with detergent but not with high salt. These findings suggest that GerBA is an integral membrane protein located in the spore's inner membrane. Consistent with this idea, GerBA was present in the cell membrane of the outgrowing spore, a membrane that is derived from the dormant spore's inner membrane. Based on these observations we propose that GerBA and probably the entire GerB germinant receptor are located in the inner membrane of the dormant spore. We also estimated that there are only 24 to 40 molecules of GerBA per spore, a number that is consistent with the previously reported low level of gerB operon expression and with the putative receptor function of the proteins encoded by the gerB operon.
Achiral liquid crystals with an antiferroelectric-like phase (1998)

Abstract A series of structurally similar achiral liquid crystalline materials exhibiting smectic phases, where the tilt alternates from one layer to the next in an antiferroelectric-like structure, have been prepared and their mesomorphic properties investigated. The compounds are 4-alkoxycarbonyl-2-fluorophenyl 4-alkyl/alkoxybiphenyl-4′-carboxylates possessing asymmetrically-branched peripheral alkyl moieties. The synthesis of the materials is described and the effect of simple structural modifications on the formation of the SmCalt phase is reported.
Cryptosporidium parvum Infection of Human Intestinal Xenografts in SCID Mice Induces Production of Human Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha and Interleukin-8 (1998)

The protozoan parasite Cryptosporidium parvum invades intestinal epithelial cells and can cause life-threatening diarrhea in immunocompromised individuals. Despite the clinical importance of this organism, much remains to be learned about the pathogenesis of C. parvum-induced diarrhea. To explore the role of the intestinal inflammatory response in C. parvum disease, using C. parvum oocysts we infected human intestinal xenografts in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. Seven days after infection, we found levels of human tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-8 in C. parvum-infected human intestinal xenografts that were significantly higher than those seen in uninfected control xenografts. These results demonstrate that human intestinal cells produce proinflammatory cytokines in response to C. parvum infection and establish SCID-HU-INT mice as a model system to study the interactions of C. parvum with the human intestine.
A Mechanical Biomarker of Cell State in Medicine (2012)

The mechanical properties of cells have been shown to be useful markers of cell state by the biophysics community. Here, I highlight clinical and research problems that this label-free, potentially inexpensive cellular biomarker can address and discuss technical challenges to realize automated instruments to achieve robust and high-throughput mechanical measurements. Important features found in traditional fluorescence-based flow cytometry that can enable cytometry based on mechanical properties (i.e., deformability cytometry) are emphasized, especially the need for throughput, simple operation, multidimensional data visualization, and internal controls. Next-generation approaches to automate deformability measurements of cells are surveyed, and future directions are outlined that promise to bring low-cost mechanical measurements to medicine and biological research.
The relationship between spatial resolution levels and quantitative myocardial perfusion (2013)

Background Dynamic contrast enhanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-CMR) allows for high-resolution analysis of myocardial perfusion by preserving important spatial information. However high resolution perfusion quantification suffers from the poor signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of voxel-based data. Previously spatial averaging (segmental or sub-segmental analysis) has been used to improve the SNR. This approach results in reduction of spatial resolution and potentially in a loss of information about the extent, localization and transmurality of
Double-headed protease inhibitors from black-eyed peas. II. Structural studies by optical absorption and circular dichroism. (1976)

Two new double-headed protease inhibitors from black-eyed peas have amino acid compositions typical of the low molecular weight protease inhibitors from legume seeds. Black-eyed pea chymotrypsin and trypsin inhibitor (BEPCI) contains no tryptophan, 1 tyrosine, and 14 half-cystines out of 83 amino acid residues per monomer. Black-eyed pea trypsin inhibitor (BEPTI) contains no tryptophan, 1 tyrosine, and 14 half-cystines out of 75 residues per monomer. The molar extinctions at 280 nm are 2770 for BEPCI and 3440 for BEPTI. The single tyrosyl residue is very inaccessible to solvent in native BEPCI and BEPTI at neutral pH and titrates anomalously with an apparent pK = 12. Ionization of tyrosine is complete in 13 hours above pH 12. No heterogeneity of the local environment of the tyrosyl residues in different subunits can be detected spectrophotometrically. The large number of cystine residues leads to an intense and complex near-ultraviolet CD spectrum with cystine contributions in the regions of 248 and 280 nm and tyrosine contributions at 233 and 280 nm. An intact disulfide structure is required for appearance of the tyrosyl CD bands. The inhibitors are unusually resistant to denaturation when compared with similar low molecular weight proteins of high disulfide content. All observations are consistent with a far more rigid structure for BEPCI and BEPTI than for a typical protein.
Simulation of nonlinear propagation of biomedical ultrasound using PZFlex and the KZK Texas code (2015)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Shan Qiao, Edward Jackson, Constantin-C Coussios, Robin Cleveland; Simulation of nonlinear propagation of biomedical ultrasound using PZFlex and the KZK Texas code. AIP Conf. Proc. 28 October 2015; 1685 (1): 040014. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4934409 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioAIP Conference Proceedings Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Bacteriophage: A new therapeutic player to combat neutrophilic inflammation in chronic airway diseases (2022)

Persistent respiratory bacterial infections are a clinical burden in several chronic inflammatory airway diseases and are often associated with neutrophil infiltration into the lungs. Following recruitment, dysregulated neutrophil effector functions such as increased granule release and formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) result in damage to airway tissue, contributing to the progression of lung disease. Bacterial pathogens are a major driver of airway neutrophilic inflammation, but traditional management of infections with antibiotic therapy is becoming less effective as rates of antimicrobial resistance rise. Bacteriophages (phages) are now frequently identified as antimicrobial alternatives for antimicrobial resistant (AMR) airway infections. Despite growing recognition of their bactericidal function, less is known about how phages influence activity of neutrophils recruited to sites of bacterial infection in the lungs. In this review, we summarize current <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> findings on the effects of phage therapy on neutrophils and their inflammatory mediators, as well as mechanisms of phage-neutrophil interactions. Understanding these effects provides further validation of their safe use in humans, but also identifies phages as a targeted neutrophil-modulating therapeutic for inflammatory airway conditions.
Tropism, susceptibility, infectivity, and cytokine releases of differentiated human tonsillar epithelial cells by different Influenza viruses (2021)

ABSTRACT Human tonsil epithelium cells (HTEC) are a heterogeneous group of actively differentiating cells comprising stratified squamous epithelial and reticulated crypt cells with abundant keratin expression. We hypothesized that the tonsils are a primary site for influenza infection and sustained viral replication. Primary HTEC were grown using an air-liquid culture and infected apically with different influenza viruses (IVs) to measure viral growth kinetics. These cultures were highly differentiated, with subpopulations of heterogenous surface stratified squamous cells rich with both cilia and microvilli; these cells contained more α2,6-linked sialic acids, those preferentially bound by human IVs, than α2,3-linked avian like sialic acids. The stratified squamous cells were interrupted by patches of reticular epithelial cells rich in α2,3-linked sialic acids. The HTEC were permissive for influenza A and B virus replication. Following infection, a subset of cells, mostly ciliated cells, underwent apoptosis while others remained intact despite being positive for IV nucleoprotein. H3N2 virus antigen colocalized with non-ciliated cells while H1N1 virus antigen was mostly associated with ciliated cells. Exposure of HTECs to IVs triggers an early proinflammatory response that fluctuates between viruses. The H3N2 IV induces an early response that persists, whereas pH1N1 induces a primarily late response in HTECs. Our results implicated HTEC as a site for IV replication. The HTEC differentiated system provides a valuable in vitro model for studying cellular tropism, infectivity, cytokine responses and the pathogenesis of IVs. IMPORTANCE To develop an effective intervention against influenza, it is important to identify host factors affecting transmission, pathogenesis, and immune response. Tonsils are lymphoepithelial organs characterized by infiltration of B and T lymphocytes into the squamous epithelium of tonsillar crypts, beneath which germinal centers play key roles in antigen processing and immune response. The heterogenicity of HTECs as well as the sialic acid distributions supports the replication of IVs and may play a role in IV adaptation. Furthermore, Tonsillectomy is a surgical procedure in which tonsils are fully removed from the human throat and may contribute to the diverse outcomes among infected individuals.
UHF multipath and propagation (2003)

Wideband multipath measurements at 1300 MHz have been made in five factories in Indiana. The RMS delay spread ( sigma ) values were found to range between 30 ns and 300 ns. Median sigma values were 96 ns for line-of-sight (LOS) paths along aisleways and 105 ns for obstructed paths across aisles. Delay spread values were not correlated with transmitter-receiver (T-R) separation, but were dependent on factory inventory, building construction materials, and factory topography. It is noted that such measurements are important for the development of wireless factory communication systems which are envisaged to provide high data rate links between mobile robots, automated machinery, personnel, and remote terminals in the factory of the future.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Protein and energy metabolism in the pre-implantation cattle embryo (2001)

Abstract There is no information on the metabolism of the cattle embryo during the period from day 8 to 16 a period of greatest embryonic loss. In this study the rate of protein synthesis and phosphorylation was measured in 13 to 15 day old cattle embryos. The rate of glucose utilisation and amino acid uptake/efflux by day 14 to 16 embryos was also measured. Protein synthesis and phosphorylation activity when expressed per unit of protein decreased with increasing embryo size and age. Similarly the rate of glucose utilisation was greatest for the earlier day 14 embryos. Embryos differed in their requirement for different amino acids. The pattern of uptake/efflux was similar to that of the earlier day 7 embryo. This study suggests that the metabolic rate of cattle embryos expressed per unit of protein content tends to decrease with increasing age and size from the initial burst of activity at day 13 around the time that expansion of the embryo begins.
Host Cell Mobilization for In Situ Tissue Regeneration (2008)

Although small, localized injuries can be healed through the body's normal reparative process, large traumatic injury overwhelms this system and may result in a deficit of functional recovery, despite the use of conventional reconstructive modalities. Cell-based approaches using tissue engineering and regenerative medicine techniques have offered new opportunities for treatment. Although the fundamental principles of cell-based therapies have been demonstrated clinically on multiple tissue systems, usually a donor tissue biopsy and ex vivo cell manipulation prior to implantation in vivo are necessary. The goal of the present study was to investigate whether host biologic resources and environmental conditions could be used for in situ tissue regeneration, which may eliminate the need for donor cell procurement and subsequent in vitro cell manipulation. To address this aim, we implanted a common biomaterial into mice and characterized the infiltrating cells to determine their regenerative potential. We showed that host cell infiltrates are not entirely comprised of inflammatory and fibroblast-like cells and the normal inflammatory process can be altered by incorporating anti-inflammatory agents that influence the formation of scar tissue. In addition, the infiltrating cells are capable of differentiating into multiple cell lineages, including osteogenic, myogenic, adipogenic, and endothelial lineages, if appropriate conditions are provided. These results suggest that it is possible to recruit a predominance of cells with multilineage potential into a biomaterial scaffold. Therefore, it may be possible to enrich the infiltrate with such cell types and control their fate, provided the proper substrate-mediated signaling can be imparted into the scaffold for in situ tissue regeneration.
Supplementary Legends from MTL-CEBPA, a Small Activating RNA Therapeutic Upregulating C/EBP-α, in Patients with Advanced Liver Cancer: A First-in-Human, Multicenter, Open-Label, Phase I Trial (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Legends&lt;/p&gt;
Two all reflective, freeform, optical see-through head-worn displays (2014)

When designing informative displays that are head-worn, freeform optical surfaces allow additional enabling degrees of freedom. We present two freeform, all-reflective, two element designs suitable for sunglass mounting.