gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Model-based flow quantification using conditional random fields with global preferences (2012)

Recent advances in the real-time 3D full volume echocardiography have enabled high frame rate acquisition of volumetric color Doppler flow images. In this paper, we propose a fully automated method for de-aliasing of color Doppler flow and quantification of the cardiac flow using instantaneous 3D+t ultrasound data. First, the anatomical information, such as mitral annulus and left ventricle outflow tract (LVOT), are detected and tracked automatically accounting for the heart motion. 3D planes are constructed at the estimated mitral annulus and LVOT locations to sample the color flow data. To overcome inherent limitation of the color Doppler velocity ambiguity caused by the Nyquist velocity level, we formulate the de-aliasing process in a conditional random field (CRF) framework and introduce a global consistency potential to incorporate domain specific prior information based on the instantaneous change in LV volume. Preliminary results with clinical data presented here agree well with clinical measurements in a quantitative manner. The proposed method is efficient and achieves high speed performance of 0.2 second per volume of ultrasound data.
RuvB-Like Protein 2 Is a Suppressor of Influenza A Virus Polymerases (2009)

In pro- and eukaryotic cells, RuvB-like protein 2 (RBL2) resolves Holliday junction recombination intermediates. Here, we identified RBL2 as a suppressor of influenza A virus replication. Human RBL2 appears to interfere with the oligomerization of the viral nucleoprotein, a critical step in the assembly of viral replication complexes.
Effect of Trehalose on Suppression of Trimethylamine-formation from Boiling Fish Meat. (1999)

The effect of trehalose on formation of trimethylamine (TMA) in boiling mackerel meat was investigated.
'Muscle-sparing' statins: preclinical profiles and future clinical use. (2009)

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a leading cause of death in the US, and hypercholesterolemia is a key risk factor for this disease. The current standard of care for treating hypercholesterolemia is the use of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, also known as statins, which block the rate-limiting step of cholesterol biosynthesis. In widespread clinical use, statins have proven safe and effective for both primary prevention of CHD and secondary prevention of coronary events. Results from several recent clinical trials have demonstrated that increasingly aggressive cholesterol-lowering therapy might offer additional protection against CHD compared with less aggressive treatment standards. While higher doses of current statin therapies are capable of achieving these more aggressive treatment goals, in certain cases statin-induced myalgia, the muscle pain or weakness that sometimes accompanies high-dose statin therapy, limits patient compliance with a treatment regimen. To address this limitation, efforts have been undertaken to develop highly hepatoselective statins that are capable of delivering best-in-class efficacy with minimized risk of dose-limiting myalgia. In this review, the preclinical and early clinical data for these next generation statins are discussed.
Epigenetic modulation of type-1 diabetes via a dual effect on pancreatic macrophages and β cells (2014)

Epigenetic modifiers are an emerging class of anti-tumor drugs, potent in multiple cancer contexts. Their effect on spontaneously developing autoimmune diseases has been little explored. We report that a short treatment with I-BET151, a small-molecule inhibitor of a family of bromodomain-containing transcriptional regulators, irreversibly suppressed development of type-1 diabetes in NOD mice. The inhibitor could prevent or clear insulitis, but had minimal influence on the transcriptomes of infiltrating and circulating T cells. Rather, it induced pancreatic macrophages to adopt an anti-inflammatory phenotype, impacting the NF-κB pathway in particular. I-BET151 also elicited regeneration of islet β-cells, inducing proliferation and expression of genes encoding transcription factors key to β-cell differentiation/function. The effect on β cells did not require T cell infiltration of the islets. Thus, treatment with I-BET151 achieves a 'combination therapy' currently advocated by many diabetes investigators, operating by a novel mechanism that coincidentally dampens islet inflammation and enhances β-cell regeneration.
Sistema de Reputação Orientado a Serviços baseado em Lógica Nebulosa (2006)

No ambiente da Web atual, a possibilidade de interação direta entre usuários, sem a presença de autoridades centrais para intermediar o acesso a um serviço, faz surgir à necessidade de sistemas eficientes que garantam a segurança das transações. Sistemas de Reputação, bastante usados em redes P2P, têm como objetivo a avaliação individual de peers, baseando-se nas suas interações prévias. Tais sistemas podem ser utilizados para garantir a segurança em nível de serviços. Este artigo propõe o uso de um Sistema de Reputação orientado a serviços e baseado em lógica nebulosa, como forma de aumentar o nível de segurança dos serviços trocados entre estações. O artigo apresenta a descrição do sistema proposto, o cenário de aplicação e as simulações realizadas para sua avaliação.
Comparison between interferometric and piezoelectric readout of tuning fork vibrations in quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (2020)

We report on a comparison between the piezoelectric and interferometric readouts of vibrations in quartz tuning forks (QTFs) when employed as sound wave transducers in quartz-enhanced photoacoustic trace gas sensors. We demonstrate the possibility to properly design the QTF geometry to enhance interferometric readout signal with respect to the piezoelectric one and vice versa. When resonator tubes are acoustically coupled with the QTFs, signal-to-noise ratio enhancements are observed for both readout approaches. These results open the way to the implementation of optical readout of QTF vibrations in applications where external electromagnetic field could distort the piezoelectric signal.
Adhesion Between Thin Cylindrical Shells With Parallel Axes (2010)

Energy principles are used to investigate the adhesion of two parallel thin cylindrical shells under external compressive and tensile loads. The total energy of the system is found by adding the strain energy of the deformed cylinder, the potential energy of the external load, and the surface energy of the adhesion interface. The elastic solution is obtained by linear elastic plate theory and a thermodynamic energy balance, and is capable of portraying the measurable quantities of external load, stack height, contact arc length, and deformed profile in the reversible process of loading-adhesion and unloading-delamination. Several worked examples are given as illustrations. A limiting case of adhering identical cylinders is shown to be consistent with recent model constructed by Tang et al. Such results are of particular importance in modeling the aggregation of heterogeneous carbon nanotubes or cylindrical cells, where the contacting microstructures have a different radius and/or bending stiffness.
High performance of GaN thin films grown on sapphire substrates coated with a silica-submicron-sphere monolayer film (2008)

A high-performance, GaN-based light emitting diode (LED) was prepared using a metal organic chemical vapor deposition method on a silica-sphere, monolayer-coated sapphire substrate. Various surface coverage ratios of the silica submicron spheres with diameters ranging from 300to550nm were deposited on the sapphire substrate using a spin-coating method. The LED output power was increased 2.5-fold compared with the LED constructed without silica spheres and uniform light distribution was achieved. In addition, LED output power was dependent on silica-sphere size and surface coverage of the substrates.
Advances in colloidal quantum dot distributed feedback lasers hybridized on glass membranes (2014)

Mechanically-flexible lasers made of thin-films of colloidal quantum dots on glass membranes are reported. These ns-pulsed lasers have 0.5mJ/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> (100 kW/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) thresholds and are wavelength-tunable across 18 nm. Improvements of CQD-laser materials are also studied.
Microfabricated High-Speed Axial-Flux Multiwatt Permanent-Magnet Generators—Part II: Design, Fabrication, and Testing (2006)

This paper presents the design, fabrication, and characterization of permanent-magnet (PM) generators for use in microscale power generation systems. The generators are three-phase, axial-flux, synchronous machines, each consisting of an eight-pole surface-wound stator and PM rotor. The devices are fabricated using a combination of microfabrication and precision assembly. Characterization is achieved using a custom-built experimental test stand that incorporates an off-the-shelf gas-driven spindle to power the machines. At a rotational speed of 120 000 rpm, one generator demonstrates 2.5 W of mechanical-to-electrical power conversion and, coupled to a transformer and rectifier, delivers 1.1 W of dc electrical power to a resistive load. This watt-scale electrical power generation demonstrates the viability of scaled PM machines for practical power generation applications
Error Analysis for ML Sequence Detection in ISI Channels With Gauss Markov Noise (2013)

We consider error probability analysis for a class of ISI channels with data-dependent Gauss-Markov noise and propose an efficiently computable BER upper bound that is tight in the high SNR regime.
A Combined Vibrational Sum Frequency Generation Spectroscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy Study of Sphingomyelin–Cholesterol Monolayers (2012)

A combination of vibrational sum frequency generation spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy is used to study the changes in morphology and conformational order in monolayers prepared from three natural sphingomyelin (SM) mixtures as a function of surface pressure and cholesterol concentration. The most homogeneous SM gave monolayers with well-ordered acyl chains and few gauche defects with relatively small effects of either increasing surface pressure or cholesterol addition. Heterogeneous SM mixtures with a mixture of acyl chain lengths or with significant fractions of unsaturated acyl chains had much larger contributions from gauche defects at low surface pressure and gave increasingly well-ordered monolayers as the surface pressure increased. They also showed substantial increases in lipid chain order after cholesterol addition. Overall, these results are consistent with the strong hydrogen bonding capacity of SM leading to well-ordered monolayers over a range of surface pressures. The changes in acyl chain order for natural SMs as a function of cholesterol are relevant to formation of sphingolipid-cholesterol enriched domains in cell membranes.
Collimating cylindrical diffractive lenses: rigorous electromagnetic analysis and scalar approximation (1998)

Practical collimating diffractive cylindrical lenses of 2, 4, 8, and 16 discrete levels are analyzed with a sequential application of the two-region formulation of the rigorous electromagnetic boundary-element method (BEM). A Gaussian beam of TE or TM polarization is incident upon the finite-thickness lens. F/4, F/2, and F/1.4 lenses are analyzed and near-field electric-field patterns are presented. The near-field wave-front quality is quantified by its mean-square deviation from a planar wave front. This deviation is found to be less than 0.05 free-space wavelengths. The far-field intensity patterns are determined and compared with the ones predicted by the approximate Fraunhofer scalar diffraction analysis. The diffraction efficiencies determined with the rigorous BEM are found to be generally lower than those obtained with the scalar approximation. For comparison, the performance characteristics of the corresponding continuous Fresnel (continuous profile within a zone but discontinuous at zone boundaries) and continuous refractive lenses are determined by the use of both the BEM and the scalar approximation. The diffraction efficiency of the continuous Fresnel lens is found to be similar to that of the 16-level diffractive lens but less than that of the continuous refractive lens. It is shown that the validity of the scalar approximation deteriorates as the lens f-number decreases.
Multiply charged ion dissociation in Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer (1994)

Bimolecular ions of up to MDa size with thousands of charges have recently been trapped and studied in this laboratory using electrospray ionization (ESI) and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer (FTICRMS). For structural analysis, multiply charged ions generated by ESI can be dissociated at the interface, by collision induced dissociation (CID) or Surface induced dissociation (SID). However, charge exchange with the surface and charge partition among the fragments significantly complicate the SID and CID spectra of multiply charged large ions. High resolution FTICR is an ideal solution to this problem.
Chemotherapy induces ATP release from tumor cells (2009)

Chemotherapy can induce anticancer immune responses. In contrast to a widely extended prejudice, apoptotic cell death is often more efficient in eliciting a protective anticancer immune response than necrotic cell death. Recently, we have found that purinergic receptors of the P2X7 type are required for the anticancer immune response induced by chemotherapy. ATP is the endogenous ligand that has the highest affinity for P2X7. Therefore, we investigated the capacity of a panel of chemotherapeutic agents to induce ATP release from cancer cells. Here, we describe that multiple distinct anticancer drugs reduce the intracellular concentration of ATP before and during the manifestation of apoptotic characteristics such as the dissipation of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential and the exposure of phosphatidylserine residues on the plasma membrane. Indeed, as apoptosis progresses, intracellular ATP concentrations decrease, although even advanced-stage apoptotic cells still contain sizeable ATP levels. Only when cells enter secondary necrosis, the ATP concentration falls to undetectable levels. Concomitantly, a wide range of chemotherapeutic agents causes the release of ATP into the extracellular space as they induce tumor cell death. Hence, ATP release is a general correlate of apoptotic cell death induced by conventional anticancer therapies.
Protease-triggered siRNA delivery vehicles (2015)

The safe and efficacious delivery of membrane impermeable therapeutics requires cytoplasmic access without the toxicity of nonspecific cytoplasmic membrane lysis. We have developed a mechanism for control of cytoplasmic release which utilizes endogenous proteases as a trigger and results in functional delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA). The delivery approach is based on reversible inhibition of membrane disruptive polymers with protease-sensitive substrates. Proteolytic hydrolysis upon endocytosis restores the membrane destabilizing activity of the polymers thereby allowing cytoplasmic access of the co-delivered siRNA. Protease-sensitive polymer masking reagents derived from polyethylene glycol (PEG), which inhibit membrane interactions, and N-acetylgalactosamine, which targets asialoglycoprotein receptors on hepatocytes, were synthesized and used to formulate masked polymer-siRNA delivery vehicles. The size, charge and stability of the vehicles enable functional delivery of siRNA after subcutaneous administration and, with modification of the targeting ligand, have the potential for extrahepatic targeting.
ChemInform Abstract: Peptidomimetics for Bridging Structure and Function: Pseudoprolines (Ψ‐Pro) in Peptide Synthesis, Molecular Recognition, and Drug Design (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Structural optimization of air-guiding photonic bandgap fibers for realizing ultimate low-loss waveguides (2008)

In this paper, we investigate the ultimate low loss property for several realistic core shapes in triangular-type air-guiding photonic bandgap fibers (PBGFs) through a full-vector modal solver based on the finite element method. We show that the surface mode free condition is expressed as a normalized silica-ring thickness T = 0.5 for any core size and the cladding structural parameters, regardless the core radius of the silica-ring is one of the main factors of dominating the surface mode's condition, and the wavelength range of the PBG changes on varying the structural parameters of the cladding. Moreover, we propose a novel type of PBGF without surface mode, which exhibits lower scattering losses caused by surface roughness of the silica-ring in comparison to 19 cell-core PBGFs and suppresses the mode coupling between fundamental-like and higher order modes when compared to 37 cell-core PBGFs.
v-src inhibits differentiation via an extracellular intermediate(s). (1985)

Murine 3T3L1 preadipocytes transformed by avian sarcoma virus were unable to differentiate in response to insulin or dexamethasone plus 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine, both potent inducers of differentiation of the nontransformed 3T3L1 parental line. Conditioned medium from transformed cells contained a relatively heat-stable factor(s) which inhibited the differentiation of untransformed parental 3T3L1 cells but did not induce any changes in their morphology. A protease-sensitive mitogen was also detected in the medium. The relationship between the two activities remains to be elucidated.
RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY OF SCAPULAR MUSCLE STRENGTH TESTING IN PATIENTS WITH SHOULDER PAIN AND FUNCTIONAL LOSS (2003)

PURPOSE Muscle strength testing is a commonly used outcome measure for patients with shoulder dysfunctions. The purpose of this study was to determine the test-retest reliability and validity of measurements of isometric scapular muscle strength, to thus determine the ability for use as an outcome measure. METHODS Patients (n=25) with shoulder pain and functional loss. A hand-held dynamometer (HHD) was used to measure the kilograms applied during four scapular manual muscle tests (MMT) for the lower trapezius(LT), upper trapezius(UT), middle trapezius(MT), and serratus anterior(SA). Simultaneously, surface electromyography (EMG) was collected on the same muscles. The amount of EMG muscle activity for each of the four muscles during each of the four muscles tests was calculated. The subjects returned 24–72 hours after the initial testing, for repeat of day 1 testing procedure, performed by the same tester. Each test was completed 3 times on both occasions, and the average used for data analysis. RESULTS Test-restest reliability coefficients [ICC (two-way random)] for HHD measures were 0.91 for the LT test, 0.93 for the SA test, 0.94 for the UT test, 0.94 for the MT test; and the standard error of measurement (90%CI) was 2.0kg, 2.6kg, 2.8kg, and 1.3kg respectively. Concurrent criterion validity was determined using the amount of EMG as the criterion measure, comparing the amount of EMG muscle activity of the designated muscle of the test to the other non-designated muscles during the test. The highest muscle activity during the LT test was the lower trapezius muscle, during the MT test was the middle and lower trapezius muscles, during the SA test was the serratus anterior muscle, and during the UT test was the upper trapezius and the serratus muscles. CONCLUSIONS The MMTs for scapular muscles using the HHD have excellent levels of test-retest reliability and error in patients with shoulder pain and functional loss. However, criterion validity results indicate that these four muscle tests do not isolate the muscle indicated in the description of the tests.
Original Article Dominant B-cell epitopes from cancer/stem cell antigen SOX2 recognized by serum samples from cancer patients (2014)

Human sex determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2) is an important transcriptional factor involved in the pluripo- tency and stemness of human embryonic stem cells. SOX2 plays important roles in maintaining cancer stem cell ac- tivities of melanoma and cancers of the brain, prostate, breast, and lung. SOX2 is also a lineage survival oncogene for squamous cell carcinoma of the lung and esophagus. Spontaneous cellular and humoral immune responses against SOX2 present in cancer patients classify it as a tumor-associated antigen (TAA) shared by lung cancer, glio- blastoma, and prostate cancer among others. In this study, B-cell epitopes were predicted using computer-assisted algorithms. Synthetic peptides based on the prediction were screened for recognition by serum samples from can- cer patients using ELISA. Two dominant B-cell epitopes, SOX2:52-87 and SOX2:98-124 were identified. Prostate cancer, glioblastoma and lung cancer serum samples that recognized the above SOX2 epitopes also recognized the full-length protein based on Western blot. These B-cell epitopes may be used in assessing humoral immune responses against SOX2 in cancer immunotherapy and stem cell-related transplantation.
Compact silicon photonic hybrid ring external cavity (SHREC)/InGaSb-AlGaAsSb wavelength-tunable laser diode operating from 1881-1947 nm (2020)

In recent years, the 2 µm waveband has been gaining significant attention due to its potential in the realization of several key technologies, specifically, future long-haul optical communications near the 1.9 µm wavelength region. In this work, we present a hybrid silicon photonic wavelength-tunable diode laser with an operating range of 1881-1947 nm (66 nm) for the first time, providing good compatibility with the hollow-core photonic bandgap fiber and thulium-doped fiber amplifier. Room-temperature continuous-wave operation was achieved with a favorable on-chip output power of 28 mW. Stable single-mode lasing was observed with side-mode suppression ratio up to 35 dB. Besides the abovementioned potential applications, the demonstrated wavelength region will find critical purpose in H<sub>2</sub>O spectroscopic sensing, optical logic, signal processing as well as enabling the strong optical Kerr effect on Si.
DeepSFM: Structure From Motion Via Deep Bundle Adjustment (2019)

Structure from motion (SfM) is an essential computer vision problem which has not been well handled by deep learning. One of the promising trends is to apply explicit structural constraint, e.g. 3D cost volume, into the network. However, existing methods usually assume accurate camera poses either from GT or other methods, which is unrealistic in practice. In this work, we design a physical driven architecture, namely DeepSFM, inspired by traditional Bundle Adjustment (BA), which consists of two cost volume based architectures for depth and pose estimation respectively, iteratively running to improve both. The explicit constraints on both depth (structure) and pose (motion), when combined with the learning components, bring the merit from both traditional BA and emerging deep learning technology. Extensive experiments on various datasets show that our model achieves the state-of-the-art performance on both depth and pose estimation with superior robustness against less number of inputs and the noise in initialization.