gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of stoichiometric variation and cooling rate on the phase formation and critical current density of Bi-2223 powder-in-tube tapes made from aerosol precursor (1998)

Powder-in-tube Bi-2223 is currently the most promising high-temperature superconductor that can be fabricated in long lengths by industrial processes, and is likely to be used as the conductor component in first-generation applications. Intensive investigations of these conductors have revealed that the critical current density of fully processed tapes is influenced by a large number of processing parameters. Among these are the thermomechanical processing schedule and the extent of Bi-2223 phase conversion. These parameters are, in turn, affected by the precursor stoichiometry. In this study, powder precursors with varying Cu content were prepared using an aerosol pyrolysis technique, and powder-in-tube conductors were fabricated using these precursors. Both fast and slow cooling rates were employed during thermomechanical processing, and different treatment schedules are correlated to the critical current density. The results indicate that the effect of excess Cu on is minor compared to the large enhancements obtained by employing one or more slow-cooling steps in the thermomechanical processing schedule.
Development of Cyclic Peptides Targeting the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in Mesenchymal Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Subtype (2023)

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive malignancy characterized by the lack of expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors and amplification of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Being the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) highly expressed in mesenchymal TNBC and correlated with aggressive growth behavior, it represents an ideal target for anticancer drugs. Here, we have applied the phage display for selecting two highly specific peptide ligands for targeting the EGFR overexpressed in MDA-MB-231 cells, a human TNBC cell line. Molecular docking predicted the peptide-binding affinities and sites in the extracellular domain of EGFR. The binding of the FITC-conjugated peptides to human and murine TNBC cells was validated by flow cytometry. Confocal microscopy confirmed the peptide binding specificity to EGFR-positive MDA-MB-231 tumor xenograft tissues and their co-localization with the membrane EGFR. Further, the peptide stimulation did not affect the cell cycle of TNBC cells, which is of interest for their utility for tumor targeting. Our data indicate that these novel peptides are highly specific ligands for the EGFR overexpressed in TNBC cells, and thus they could be used in conjugation with nanoparticles for tumor-targeted delivery of anticancer drugs.
cKit + cardiac progenitors of neural crest origin (2015)

The degree to which cKit-expressing progenitors generate cardiomyocytes in the heart is controversial. Genetic fate-mapping studies suggest minimal contribution; however, whether or not minimal contribution reflects minimal cardiomyogenic capacity is unclear because the embryonic origin and role in cardiogenesis of these progenitors remain elusive. Using high-resolution genetic fate-mapping approaches with cKit(CreERT2/+) and Wnt1::Flpe mouse lines, we show that cKit delineates cardiac neural crest progenitors (CNC(kit)). CNC(kit) possess full cardiomyogenic capacity and contribute to all CNC derivatives, including cardiac conduction system cells. Furthermore, by modeling cardiogenesis in cKit(CreERT2)-induced pluripotent stem cells, we show that, paradoxically, the cardiogenic fate of CNC(kit) is regulated by bone morphogenetic protein antagonism, a signaling pathway activated transiently during establishment of the cardiac crescent, and extinguished from the heart before CNC invasion. Together, these findings elucidate the origin of cKit(+) cardiac progenitors and suggest that a nonpermissive cardiac milieu, rather than minimal cardiomyogenic capacity, controls the degree of CNC(kit) contribution to myocardium.
A Unique Application of Gasoline Particulate Filter Pressure Sensing Diagnostics (2021)

&lt;div&gt;Gasoline particulate filters (GPFs) are important aftertreatment components that enable gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines to meet European Union (EU) 6 and China 6 particulate number emissions regulations for nonvolatile particles greater than 23 nm in diameter. GPFs are rapidly becoming an integral part of the modern GDI aftertreatment system.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div&gt;The Active Exhaust Tuning (EXTUN) Valve is a butterfly valve placed in the tailpipe of an exhaust system that can be electronically positioned to control exhaust noise levels (decibels) under various vehicle operating conditions. This device is positioned downstream of the GPF, and variations in the tuning valve position can impact exhaust backpressures, making it difficult to monitor soot/ash accumulation or detect damage/removal of the GPF substrate.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div&gt;The purpose of this work is to present a unique example of subsystem control and diagnostic architecture for an exhaust system combining GPF and EXTUN. In particular, the On-Board Diagnostics (OBD) controls are required to detect a disconnected/plugged downstream hose when combining a differential pressure (dP) sensor and an electronically controlled EXTUN valve in an exhaust system containing a GPF. The regulatory implications related to failing to detect a disconnected/plugged downstream hose are also discussed. Validation data from the control strategy under different operating conditions is reviewed.&lt;/div&gt;
Rapid and Accurate Pressure Sensing Device for Direct Measurement of Intraocular Pressure (2020)

Direct measurement of IOP in the anterior chamber circumvents the influence of corneal parameters on IOP measurement.
Genetics of adrenocortical tumors: Carney complex. (2001)

Adrenal cancer is a rare neoplasm; however, up to 1 in 1 500 adrenal incidentalomas may hide a carcinoma, which, if diagnosed late or left untreated, is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Despite extensive investigation of the molecular mechanisms involved in adrenal carcinogenesis and significant improvements in diagnostic imaging, efforts to cure advanced adrenal cancer remain largely unsuccessful. Thus, the investigation of the genetics of adrenocortical cancer by the candidate or positional cloning gene approach is essential in the development of new therapies for this disease. We propose that adrenocortical tumorigenesis follows a pattern similar to that in other organs: As the pathology of the adrenocortical tumor increases towards malignancy, the genetic changes that are observed also increase. Known genetic associations, like TP53 gene changes, occur during the latest stages of adrenocortical tumorigenesis. Thus, it is essential to study the relatively few genes that are affected at the beginning of this process, at the stages of benign tumorigenesis in the cortex. We have studied primary pigmented adrenocortical disease (PPNAD), a benign, bilateral, adrenocortical hyperplasia, which either in its isolated form or as part of Carney complex (CNC), is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner and, therefore, the gene(s) responsible for this disorder could be identified by positional cloning approaches. Indeed, we have identified two genetic loci harboring genes for PPNAD and/or CNC on chromosomal loci 2p16 and 17q22-24. The chromosome 17 gene, PRKAR1A, was recently cloned and the identification of other responsible genes is currently under way in our, and collaborating laboratories. The present report reviews the genetics of adrenocortical cancer first, followed by what is known today about the genetics of PPNAD and/or CNC.
Pegasus Hypersonic Flight Research (1992)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Hypersonic aeronautics research using the Pegasus® air-launched space booster is described. Two areas are discussed in the paper; previously obtained results from Pegasus flights 1 and 2, and plans for future programs. Proposed future research includes boundary-layer transition studies on the airplane-like first stage and also use of the complete Pegasus launch system to boost a research vehicle to hypersonic speeds.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Pegasus flight 1 and 2 measurements were used to evaluate the results of several analytical aerodynamic design tools applied during the development of the vehicle as well as to develop hypersonic flight-test techniques. These data indicated that the aerodynamic design approach for Pegasus was adequate and showed that acceptable margins were available. Additionally, the correlations provide insight into the capabilities of these analytical tools for more complex vehicles in which design margins may be more stringent.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Near-term plans to conduct hypersonic boundary-layer transition studies are discussed. These plans involve the use of a smooth metallic glove at about the mid-span of the wing. Longer term opportunities are proposed which identify advantages of the Pegasus launch system to boost large-scale research vehicles to the real-gas hypersonic flight regime.&lt;/div&gt;
<title>New microprism geometry in light-guiding plate for illumination devices</title> (2000)

This paper presents the concept and study of an innovative device dedicated to compact illumination devices. Partially reflecting micro-prisms are sealed inside a plastic plate. Light injected by an edge of the panel is propagating under total internal reflection condition. Partial light extraction is performed by the micro-prism surfaces. Fan-out application is also described in the field of optical network.
Ideal tetrafunctional amphiphilic PEG/PDMS conetworks by a dual‐purpose extender/crosslinker. I. Synthesis (2005)

Abstract The synthesis of a new type of amphiphilic conetwork (APCN) consisting of well‐defined hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and hydrophobic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) segments is described. The conetwork is ideal (the lengths of each PEG and PDMS chain segments, respectively, are identical) and tetrafunctional (exactly four chains emanate from each crosslink site). The synthesis of the conetworks was achieved by the use of a novel dual‐purpose extender/crosslinker Y (bis [(dimethylsilyl)oxy]‐[(etoxydimethylsilyl)oxy]phenylsilane, (SiPh(SiH) 2 OEt)), in two steps: (1) Synthesis of a new linear random multiblock copolymer (MBC) (AY) n (BY) m , where A is the hydrophilic PEG and B is the hydrophobic segment, and (2) Crosslinking the multiblocks by catalytic condensation of the SiOEt groups in the Y units. The extender/crosslinker fulfills two totally different functions: First, it extends two incompatible hydrophilic and hydrophobic prepolymers (PEG and PDMS) to a random MBC, and, subsequently, it cross‐links the multiblocks to the target APCN. The synthesis and characterization of the extender/crosslinker is also presented. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 4953–4964, 2005
2.75-Bit Reflecting Unit Cell Design for Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (2021)

This work proposes a phase-shifting unit cell for a reconfigurable intelligent surface capable of exhibiting 8 discrete phase states at 5G mid-band. An individually addressable unit cell embedded with 3 PIN diodes has been designed to provide enhanced phase resolution with a minimal number of active components. A particle swarm optimisation algorithm has been employed in order to maximise the phase state separation whilst minimising reflection loss and unit cell periodicity. Simulations are performed with extracted PIN diode and capacitor Sparameters for a realistic estimation of the fabricated device performance, with a resulting simulated average reflection loss of 1 dB and equivalent phase resolution of 2.75-bits.
UABCoRAL: A Preliminary study for Resolving the Scope of Negation (2012)

This paper describes our participation in the closed track of the *SEM 2012 Shared Task of finding the scope of negation. To perform the task, we propose a system that has three components: negation cue detection, scope of negation detection, and negated event detection. In the first phase, the system creates a lexicon of negation signals from the training data and uses the lexicon to identify the negation cues. Then, it applies machine learning approaches to detect the scope and negated event for each negation cue identified in the first phase. Using a preliminary approach, our system achieves a reasonably good accuracy in identifying the scope of negation. 1
Modular system building with Java/sup TM/ packages (2002)

As part of a project to develop scalable development techniques for systems written in the Java programming language, we are investigating the suitability of the package construct in Java as a system structuring mechanism. Although the Java package is incomplete in this regard, it represents a good foundation when combined with an advanced programming environment inspired by Vesta. The few ways in which the Java package is unsuitable appear to be correctable with careful programming conventions and support from the environment. At the center of the proposed approach is the notion of a hierarchical namespace based on Internet Domain Names populated by reusable, independently versioned packages, each of which encapsulates a parameterized build script. This concept unifies several important aspects of software development and permits the design of tools that simplify the development process. A laboratory prototype environment, based on persistent Java objects, is being constructed and now supports its own development.
Exploration of the Amine Terminus in a Novel Series of 1,2,4-Triazolo-3-yl-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes as Selective Dopamine D3Receptor Antagonists (2010)

A novel series of 1,2,4-triazol-3-yl-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes with high affinity and selectivity for the DA D(3) receptor and excellent pharmacokinetic profiles was recently reported. We also recently discussed the role of the linker associated with the triazole moiety. In this manuscript, we are reporting a detailed exploration of the region of the receptor interacting with the amine terminus of the scaffold wherein SAR and developability data associated with these novel templates was undertaken.
Active Surveillance of the Small Renal Mass (2012)

Increased abdominal imaging has led to the significant incidental detection of clinically localized renal tumors. While the gold standard remains surgical excision, no demonstrable improvement in cancer-specific mortality has been observed, implying that a proportion of small renal masses (SRMs) may be indolent tumors that do not require surgical intervention. As a result, active surveillance (AS) has emerged as an alternative management strategy in select elderly or comorbid patients with significant competing risks. Although the contemporary literature characterizing the natural history of untreated renal tumors is limited, recent data demonstrate that the majority of SRMs demonstrate slow growth kinetics with low rates of metastatic progression while under observation. Prospective trials are necessary to define entry and intervention criteria for contemporary AS protocols.
Predominance of neuronal mRNAs in individual Alzheimer's disease senile plaques (1999)

The sequestration of RNA in Alzheimer's disease (AD) senile plaques (SPs) and the production of intraneuronal amyloid-β peptides (Aβ) prompted analysis of the mRNA profile in single immunocytochemically identified SPs in sections of AD hippocampus. By using amplified RNA expression profiling, polymerase chain reaction, and in situ hybridization, we assessed the presence and abundance of 51 mRNAs that encode proteins implicated in the pathogenesis of AD. The mRNAs in SPs were compared with those in individual CA1 neurons and the surrounding neuropil of control subjects. The remarkable demonstration here, that neuronal mRNAs predominate in SPs, implies that these mRNAs are nonproteinaceous components of SPs, and, moreover, that mRNAs may interact with Aβ protein and that SPs form at sites where neurons degenerate in the AD brain. Ann Neurol 1999;45:174–181
Organic Synthesis (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: Ionic Liquids in Organic Synthesis: Effects on Rate and Selectivity Stoichiometric Organic Reactions and Acid-catalyzed Reactions in Ionic Liquids Transition Metal Catalysis in Ionic Liquids Ionic Liquids in Multiphasic Reactions Task-specific Ionic Liquids as New Phases for Supported Organic Synthesis Supported Ionic Liquid Phase Catalysts Multiphasic Catalysis Using Ionic Liquids in Combination with Compressed CO2
A Comprehensive Structural Analysis Process for Failure Assessment in Aircraft Lap-Joint Mimics Using Intramodal Fusion of Eddy Current Data (2012)

In the aerospace industry, nondestructive evaluation (NDE) techniques are commonly used for structural health monitoring, including finding manufacturing and service-induced discontinuities and defects such as corrosion and cracks. A comprehensive structural analysis process is presented for quantizing and evaluating characteristics of aircraft lap-joint mimics. The process investigated here consists of NDE data acquisition, defect detection and characterization involving material loss estimation, three-dimensional structural model generation, finite-element modeling to simulate fatigue damage and comparison with actual tensile fatigue-induced structural analysis data (mechanical loading). The structural analysis process is examined using five test panels consisting of stacked and riveted aluminum plates, configured as lap-joints, four of them with different corroded patches at different layers of the lap-joints and one painted pristine panel used as a reference. The test panels were subjected to three rounds of incremental and cyclical tensile fatiguing with the final round resulting in complete fatigue failure. Eddy current data was obtained from the test panels prior to each round of mechanical loading. Comparing the simulated fatigue loading and the mechanical loading results for identifying susceptible-to-failure areas on the test panels, this comprehensive structural analysis process found the correct location of failure areas at rates as high as 88.9%.
Precision Robot Calibration Using Kinematically Placed Inclinometers (2002)

In the field of industrial robotics, many different calibration methods exist to reduce error in the robot system. Locating the manipulator home position is a common calibration technique, which can be divided into three main categories — relative, optimal and leveling based methods. The
One Pot Conversion of Ketoses into Sugar β-Peptides via a Ritter Reaction (2001)

α-d-Galacto-2-deoxy-oct-3-ulopyranosonic acids can be converted into unnatural glycopeptides via a one pot intramolecular Ritter reaction. Initially, the ketopyranoside reacts under Lewis acid catalyzed conditions with a nitrile (aromatic or aliphatic) to form a glycosylimino anhydride intermediate which can be isolated. Exposure of this intermediate to simple priamary amines or amino acids produces novel sugar-β-peptides. Three different nitriles and three different amines have been used to generate 6 sugar β-peptides to demonstrate the generality of this reaction.
Cost-effective thin film solar cell processing on multicrystalline silicon (2002)

Thin-film solar cells have been produced in a pilot-line making use of industrial techniques. Typical laboratory process steps such as P/sub 2/O/sub 5/ solid-source diffusion, emitter etch-back, remote plasma hydrogenation, lithography, metal evaporation and lift-off, have been replaced by cost-effective techniques such as screen printing or POCl/sub 3/ diffusion, PECVD silicon nitride deposition and screen printing metallization and firing-through-nitride, respectively. The low-cost high-throughput techniques have been applied to epitaxial thin-film solar cells with success. Efficiencies of 12% have been obtained on 20 /spl mu/m thin-film solar cells made in epitaxial layers on highly doped multicrystalline silicon substrates without making use of optical path length enhancement. The hydrogenation induced by the firing-through-nitride process passivates the bulk of the epitaxial cell but not to the same extent as a remote plasma hydrogenation in the laboratory-scaled process.
Heat flow in nanostructures in the Casimir regime (2012)

In small structures the phonon mean free path due to phonon-phonon interactions and defect scattering may exceed the sample dimensions. The thermal conductivity then becomes dependent on the size and shape of the sample. In this article we present calculations of the conductivity under these conditions for several different geometries. Numerical results are presented for Si and GaAs.
Fluidic fibre dye lasers (2007)

We report the demonstration of compact fluidic fibre lasers based on capillary tubes and photonic crystal fibres, featuring single channel and multiple laterally integrated fluidic lasers respectively. Their preparation was based on capillary action and lasing occurred without the need for external mirrors or lithographically defined microstructures. The fibre lasers were found to be tunable by varying the chromophore density in the liquid core and a functional wavelength selectivity mechanism inherent in both types of lasers provided a long free spectral range that does not correspond to the length of the fibres. The enhanced mode spacing is attributed to a Vernier resonant effect.
Trellis Precoding for the Multi-User Environment (2006)

When transmitting over the multi-user MIMO broadcast channel, the transmitter has both knowledge of, and control over, the interference between users. Methods based on interference cancellation focus only on the transmitter's knowledge of the interference. This paper proposes a method which takes advantage of the transmitter's control over the interference among users. This is done by considering all users simultaneously. First, redundancy is introduced into the transmitted data similarly to the trellis shaping method, then the mean square error (MSE) is minimized by exploiting this redundancy. The proposed method is unique in that it considers all users simultaneously, and that the MSE is minimized rather than the transmit power. This method can achieve a BER of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-5</sup> , only 1 dB above the minimum signal to noise ratio predicted by the capacity of the channel. Depending on the channel parameters, this demonstrates a 1-3 dB improvement over the best reported results. The improvement in the performance is achieved at the price of an increase in the complexity (equivalent to the Viterbi decoding of a trellis with 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2N</sup> states for N transmit antennas).
The synthesis of β-mannopyranosides by intramolecular aglycon delivery: scope and limitations of the existing methodology (1994)

The synthesis of β-mannopyranosides by intramolecular aglycon delivery is shown to proceed with complete stereoselectivity in six separate cases. This strategy has been successfully applied to the synthesis of several disaccharides, including octyl 3,6-di-O-benzyl-4-O-(3,4,6-tri-O-benzyl-β-D-mannopyranosyl)-2-deoxy-2-phthalimido-β-D-glucopyranoside, a precursor of the naturally occurring β-D-Man-(1→4)-β-D-GlcNAc linkage, present in all N-linked glycoproteins. Exclusive formation of the β-mannosidic linkage has been confirmed in all six cases, since independently synthesized α-linked mannopyranoside standards were shown to be absent from the reaction products. The intramolecular stereocontrolled reaction proceeds even in the presence of competing methanol. The extension of this strategy to the synthesis of the core pentasaccharide of N-linked glycoproteins has revealed limitations to the methodology, especially when a block synthesis approach is investigated.