gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synaptic mitochondria in synaptic transmission and organization of vesicle pools in health and disease (2010)

Cell types rich in mitochondria, including neurons, display a high energy demand and a need for calcium buffering. The importance of mitochondria for proper neuronal function is stressed by the occurrence of neurological defects in patients suffering from a great variety of diseases caused by mutations in mitochondrial genes. Genetic and pharmacological evidence also reveal a role of these organelles in various aspects of neuronal physiology and in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. Yet the mechanisms by which mitochondria can affect neurotransmission largely remain to be elucidated. In this review we focus on experimental data that suggest a critical function of synaptic mitochondria in the function and organization of synaptic vesicle pools, and in neurotransmitter release during intense neuronal activity. We discuss how calcium handling, ATP production and other mitochondrial mechanisms may influence synaptic vesicle pool organization and synaptic function. Given the link between synaptic mitochondrial function and neuronal communication, efforts towards better understanding mitochondrial biology may lead to novel therapeutic approaches of neurological disorders including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and psychiatric disorders that are at least in part caused by mitochondrial deficits.
Atlanta Fiber System Experiment: Optical Crosstalk Evaluation for Two End-to-End Lightguide System Installations (1978)

A visual photometric method of measuring lightguide cross-coupling is described. Cross-coupling losses up to 100 dB can be measured with a resolution of ±1 dB. The end-to-end cross-coupling losses were measured for the Bell System's 1976 Atlanta Fiber System Experiment and 1977 Chicago Lightwave Communications Project installations. In the Atlanta experiment, the crosstalk was also measured for the unconnectorized lightguide cable and fanout ribbons, separately. Worst-case cross-coupling losses were measured to be 55 dB for far-end output-to-output and 70 dB for near-end. Results presented here confirm that properly designed parallel lightguides have negligibly small levels of optical crosstalk. However, it is shown that future optical interconnection devices that involve high-fiber packing densities will have to take crosstalk considerations into account.
Bioimpedance and Brain Natriuretic Peptide in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients (2012)

Assessment of ideal body weight in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients is important for clinical practice. Fluid overload may produce hypertension, reduced arterial distensibility, left ventricular hypertrophy. All these are risk factors for mortality in PD patients: cardio- and cerebrovascular events are the main causes of morbidity and mortality in PD population. Nowadays, a clear and widely accepted definition of ideal body weight in PD patients does not exist. Probably the ideal body weight is the weight at which the extra cellular volume is normal. Many different tools have been used to assess the hydration status in dialysis patients. Ultrasonic evaluation of inferior vena cava diameter only assesses intravascular volume, and is also influenced by diastolic dysfunction and is thus a reflection of preload and not of tissue hydration. Direct measurement of extra cellular and total body water by dilution methods is considered as the golden standard, but these techniques are laborious and expensive. Parameters, such as brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) or NT-proBNP can reflect changes in hydration status and may help the nephrologist to estimate it. Natriuretic peptides are influenced both by preload and ventricular abnormalities and in patients with renal failure accumulation can occur. Bioimpedance is an accurate, reproducible, not expensive and not invasive technique that permits a good evaluation of hydration status in PD and can drive the nephrologist in his clinical choices. Clinical evaluation, strict control of body weight, diuresis, sodium and fluids intakes, bioimpedance monitoring and serum levels of natriuretic peptides may all together help us to maintain the PD patient euvolemic.
Neurosphere-Derived Cells Exert a Neuroprotective Action by Changing the Ischemic Microenvironment (2007)

NC reduce functional impairment and neuronal damage after ischemia/reperfusion injury. Several lines of evidence indicate that the reciprocal interaction between NC and the ischemic environment is crucial for NC protective actions. Based on these results we propose that a bystander control of the ischemic environment may be the mechanism used by NC to rapidly restore acutely injured brain function.
Y-36 Lithium Niobate Films Support f-Q of $5.5\cdot 10^{13}$ Hz in the 1-10 GHz Range (2022)

In this work we examine frequency-quality factor product <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\boldsymbol{(f Q)}$</tex> in the 1–10 GHz range in Y-36 Lithium Niobate (LN) through the use of High-overtone Bulk Acoustic Resonators (HBARs). HBAR structures allow for excitation and measurement of 100s of resonant frequencies from a single device, but typically have limits on upper frequency set by substrate thickness. We surpass this by fabricating HBARs with AIN transducers on top of suspended 20 <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\boldsymbol{\mu} \mathbf{m}$</tex> thick LN films. We probe the lower frequency spectrum using 500 <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\boldsymbol{\mu}\mathbf{m}$</tex> thick LN substrates. We then separate transducer and LN loss by modeling relative energy distribution using finite element analysis. We ultimately extract Y-36 LN <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\boldsymbol{fQ}\mathbf{s}$</tex> of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\boldsymbol{5.5\cdot 10^{13}}$</tex> Hz for 20 <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\boldsymbol{\mu}\mathbf{m}$</tex> and 500 <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\boldsymbol{\mu}\mathbf{m}$</tex> thick LN films.
Generalizing Surrogate-Assisted Evolutionary Computation (2009)

Using surrogate models in evolutionary search provides an efficient means of handling today's complex applications plagued with increasing high-computational needs. Recent surrogate-assisted evolutionary frameworks have relied on the use of a variety of different modeling approaches to approximate the complex problem landscape. From these recent studies, one main research issue is with the choice of modeling scheme used, which has been found to affect the performance of evolutionary search significantly. Given that theoretical knowledge available for making a decision on an approximation model <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">a priori</i> is very much limited, this paper describes a generalization of surrogate-assisted evolutionary frameworks for optimization of problems with objectives and constraints that are computationally expensive to evaluate. The generalized evolutionary framework unifies diverse surrogate models synergistically in the evolutionary search. In particular, it focuses on attaining reliable search performance in the surrogate-assisted evolutionary framework by working on two major issues: 1) to mitigate the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">'curse of uncertainty'</i> robustly, and 2) to benefit from the ' <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">bless of uncertainty</i> .' The backbone of the generalized framework is a surrogate-assisted memetic algorithm that conducts simultaneous local searches using <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ensemble</i> and <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">smoothing</i> surrogate models, with the aims of generating reliable fitness prediction and search improvements simultaneously. Empirical study on commonly used optimization benchmark problems indicates that the generalized framework is capable of attaining reliable, high quality, and efficient performance under a limited computational budget.
ChemInform Abstract: Inside‐Outside Stereoisomerism. Part 3. The Synthesis of trans‐Bicyclo‐(4.3.1)decan‐10‐one. (1989)

Abstract The cyclopentanone‐2‐carboxylate (I) reacts with the iodide (II) to give the alkenyl derivative (III) which is converted to the dehydrodioxanone (V).
Human organ chip-enabled pipeline to rapidly repurpose therapeutics during viral pandemics (2020)

The rising threat of pandemic viruses, such as SARS-CoV-2, requires development of new preclinical discovery platforms that can more rapidly identify therapeutics that are active in vitro and also translate in vivo . Here we show that human organ-on-a-chip (Organ Chip) microfluidic culture devices lined by highly differentiated human primary lung airway epithelium and endothelium can be used to model virus entry, replication, strain-dependent virulence, host cytokine production, and recruitment of circulating immune cells in response to infection by respiratory viruses with great pandemic potential. We provide a first demonstration of drug repurposing by using oseltamivir in influenza A virus-infected organ chip cultures and show that co-administration of the approved anticoagulant drug, nafamostat, can double oseltamivir’s therapeutic time window. With the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Airway Chips were used to assess the inhibitory activities of approved drugs that showed inhibition in traditional cell culture assays only to find that most failed when tested in the Organ Chip platform. When administered in human Airway Chips under flow at a clinically relevant dose, one drug – amodiaquine - significantly inhibited infection by a pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 virus. Proof of concept was provided by showing that amodiaquine and its active metabolite (desethylamodiaquine) also significantly reduce viral load in both direct infection and animal-to-animal transmission models of native SARS-CoV-2 infection in hamsters. These data highlight the value of Organ Chip technology as a more stringent and physiologically relevant platform for drug repurposing, and suggest that amodiaquine should be considered for future clinical testing.
Statistical Characterization of Eleven Kinds of Helix Elements with Amino Acid Residues in the Middle of Triplets (1998)

Abstract Based on the definition of a helix region in terms of dihedral angles φ and ψ, 681 helices could be easily extracted from 125 kinds of analyzed proteins by using two-dimensional φ and ψ diagrams of their three-dimensional structures. The 8000 (203) possible kinds of amino acid residues in the middle of triplets consisting of consecutive residues were used for a precise analysis of helical segments in globular proteins. They correspond to the 8000 kinds of amino acid residues in a sequence of proteins. The 681 helices were built up from 8836 amino acid residues, which could be classified into 11 kinds of helix elements (a—k). Each of the amino acid residues in a sequence of helical segments could be allotted to one of 11 helix elements (a—k). Glycine residues in the proteins were used for its precise assignment as internal standards. The 11 kinds of helix elements could be statistically characterized with amino acid residues in the middle of triplets. Amino acid residues, observed as a specific helix element 3-times or more often in the total helical segments, were evaluated regarding their propensities for a specific helix element by using their inherent preference (IP)-values for the specific helix element, which had been defined in a previous paper. Amino acid residues found 13-times or more often in the data set are also listed to show their propensities for specific helix elements.
A Bionic Neural Link for peripheral nerve repair (2012)

Peripheral nerve injuries with large gaps and long nerve regrowth paths are difficult to repair using existing surgical techniques, due to nerve degeneration and muscle atrophy. This paper proposes a Bionic Neural Link (BNL) as an alternative way for peripheral nerve repair. The concept of the BNL is described, along with the hypothetical benefits. A prototype monolithic single channel BNL has been developed, which consists of 16 neural recording channels and one stimulation channel, and is implemented in a 0.35-µm CMOS technology. The BNL has been tested in in-vivo animal experiments. Full function of the BNL chip has been demonstrated.
Electron Affinity Control of Amorphous Oxide Semiconductors and Its Applicability to Organic Electronics (2018)

Abstract Energy level matching is a key factor for realizing efficient optoelectronics, such as organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). Transition metal oxides (TMOs) are widely used as hole‐injection layers (HILs) because of their large electron affinities, corresponding to conduction band minimum levels ( E CBM ). However, the poor electrical properties and chemical instabilities of TMOs restrict device performance and fabrication processes. Conversely, amorphous oxide semiconductors (AOSs) exhibit superior electrical properties and chemical stability but cannot be applied to HILs because of their small electron affinities. In this study, a novel method is proposed to tune the electron affinity of conventional AOSs and an example material design of AOSs for HILs. The electron affinity deepening phenomenon that is attributable to the higher oxidation states of transition metal cations achieves a very deep E CBM of 5.7 eV for the proposed amorphous In–Mo–O (a‐IMO). Furthermore, an a‐IMO exhibits a high mobility of ≈1 cm 2 V −1 s −1 and high chemical stability against various solvents. As a result, it is demonstrated that a very thick a‐IMO layer is applicable to OLEDs as an HIL with no operating‐voltage increase. This study provides a new approach for efficient organic optoelectronics by tuning the electron affinity of AOSs.
A 0.5-V 74-dB SNDR 25-kHz Continuous-Time Delta-Sigma Modulator With a Return-to-Open DAC (2007)

A 0.5-V third-order one-bit fully-differential continuous-time DeltaSigma modulator is presented. The presented modulator architecture uses true low-voltage design techniques, and does not require internal voltage boosting or low-threshold devices. A return-to-open architecture that enables the ultra-low-voltage realization of return-to-zero signaling for the feedback DAC is proposed. The ultra-low-voltage operation is further enabled by a body-input gate-clocked comparator, and body-input operational transconductance amplifiers for the active-RC loop filter. Fabricated on a 0.18-mum CMOS process, the modulator achieves a peak SNDR of 74 dB in a 25 kHz bandwidth, and occupies an area of 0.6 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ; the modulator core consumes 300 muW.
Photochemistry of Metal-Isocyanide Complexes and Its Possible Relevance to Solar Energy Conversion (1978)

Formation of M(CNPh)5py and M(CNIph)5py occurs upon 436-nm irradiation of M(CNPh)6 and M(CNIph)6 (M = Cr, Mo, W; Iph = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl) in pyridine, with quantum yields descreasing according to [Cr(CNPh)6] (0.23) ~ [Cr(CNIph)6] (0.23) > [Mo(CNPh)6] (0.055) > [Mo(CNIph)6] (0.022) > [W(CNPh)6] (0.011) ≫ [W-(CNIph)6] (0.0003). Irradiation of M(CNIph)6 (M = Cr, Mo, W) at 436 nm in CHCl3 yields the one-electron oxidation products [M(CNIph)6]Cl. Similar irradiation of M-(CNPh)6 (M = Mo, W) in CHCl3 gives two-electron oxidation products, [M(CNPh)6Cl]Cl. Irradiation (546 nm) of [Rh2(bridge)4](BF4)2 (bridge = 1,3-diisocyanopropane) in 12M HCl yields [Rh2(bridge)4Cl2]2+ and H2. The quantum yield decreases with decreasing [H+] in HCl from 0.0079 in 12.8M HCl to 0.00010 in 8.1M HCl; in 9M HBr, Φ = 0.044.
Functional and biochemical analysis of the cloned Duffy antigen: identity with the red blood cell chemokine receptor (1994)

The Duffy blood group antigen has been postulated to be a receptor on red blood cells (RBCs) for the malarial parasite Plasmodium vivax and a promiscuous receptor for the chemokine superfamily of inflammatory proteins. Recently, the Duffy antigen glycoprotein D cDNA has been cloned (Chaudhuri et al: Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90:10793, 1993). We have analyzed the binding properties of the cloned Duffy antigen. Duffy-antigen cDNAs expressed in human embryonic kidney cells produced cell-surface proteins that reacted with two known anti-Duffy monoclonal antibodies. Direct ligand binding and displacement experiments using recombinant chemokine proteins also show that the cloned Duffy protein is the RBC chemokine receptor. Radiolabeled chemokines of both the C-C (RANTES and MCP-1) and C-X-C (IL-8 and MGSA/gro) subclasses bound reversibly to transfected cells with dissociation constants in the nanomolar range. Chemokines of either class displaced heterologous chemokines, indicating that they were competing for a single site on the transfected cells. Although the chemokines bound to the transfected cells with high affinity, there was no evidence for signal transduction, as measured by transient increases in intracellular calcium ion concentration, through the Duffy antigen/RBC chemokine receptor in transfected cells. Lastly, we have performed a computer analysis on the amino acid structure of the Duffy antigen/RBC chemokine receptor. Although the cloned Duffy antigen has been postulated to be a nine-transmembrane-spanning receptor, our analysis suggests that the molecule most likely belongs to the seven-transmembrane-spanning receptor superfamily and is therefore similar to other chemokine receptors previously identified.
Design and assessment of amblyopia, strabismus, and myopia treatment and vision training using virtual reality (2023)

It has been suggested that virtual reality technology offers a potentially effective tool for amblyopia, strabismus, and myopia studies. Nonetheless, a variety of factors, especially the virtual environment and systems employed in the data presented, must be explored before determining whether virtual reality can be effectively applied in clinical settings. This review is significant as the technology in virtual reality software and application design features have been investigated and considered for future reference.
Near-field aperture-probe as a magnetic dipole source and optical\n magnetic field detector (2014)

Scanning near-field field optical microscopy (SNOM) is a technique, which\nallows sub-wavelength optical imaging of photonic structures. While the\nelectric field components of light can be routinely obtained, imaging of the\nmagnetic components has only recently become of interest. This is so due to the\ndevelopment of artificial materials, which enhance and exploit the typically\nweak magnetic light-matter interactions to offer extraordinary optical\nproperties. Consequently, both sources and detectors of the magnetic field of\nlight are now required.\n In this paper, assisted by finite-difference time-domain simulations, we\nsuggest that the circular aperture at the apex of a metal coated hollow-pyramid\nSNOM probe can be approximated by a lateral magnetic dipole source. This\nvalidates its use as a detector for the lateral magnetic near-field, as\nillustrated here for a plasmonic nanobar sample. Verification for a dielectric\nsample is currently in progress. We experimentally demonstrate the equivalence\nof the reciprocal configurations when the probe is used as a source\n(illumination mode) and as a detector (collection mode). The simplification of\nthe probe to a simple magnetic dipole facilitates the simulations and the\nunderstanding of the near-field images.\n
Study of phosphorus-sulfur compounds by inner-orbital photoelectron spectroscopy. Thiono-thiolo sulfur (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudy of phosphorus-sulfur compounds by inner-orbital photoelectron spectroscopy. Thiono-thiolo sulfurWojciech J. Stec, William E. Moddeman, Royal G. Albridge, and John R. Van WazerCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1971, 75, 26, 3975–3979Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100695a011https://doi.org/10.1021/j100695a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views92Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Charge Recycling inMTCMOSCircuits: Concept andAnalysis (2006)

receiving thewakeupsignal since thelength ofthewakeuptime Designing anenergy efficient power gating structure isanimportantcanaffect theoverall performance oftheVLSIcircuit. Furthermore, andchallenging task inMulti-Threshold CMOS(MTCMOS)circuitthelarge current flowing toground whensleep transistors areturned design. Inorder toachieve averylowpowerdesign, thelargeoncanbecome amajor source ofnoise inthepowerdistribution amount ofenergy consumed during modetransition inMTCMOS network, whichcanadversely impact theperformance and/or circuits should beavoided. Inthis paper, wepropose anappropriate functionality oftheother parts ofthecircuit. Hence, there isatrade charge recycling technique toreduce energy consumption during the offbetween thegenerated noise duetothecurrent flowing toground modetransition ofMTCMOS circuits. Theproposed method can andthetransition time from thesleep modetotheactive mode. saveupto46%ofthemodetransition energy while, inmostcases, Sleep transistors cause logic cells toslowdownduring theactive maintaining, orevenimproving, thewakeuptimeoftheoriginalmodeofthecircuit operation. This isduetothevoltage drop across circuit. Italsoreduces thepeaknegative voltage value andthe thefunctionally-redundant sleep transistors andtheincrease inthe settling time oftheground bounce. threshold voltage oflogic cell transistors asaresult ofthebody effect. Theperformance penalty ofasleep transistor depends onits