gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High Resolution Frequency Measurement Techniques for Relaxation Oscillator Based Capacitive Sensors (2021)

This work presents high resolution and adaptable frequency measurement techniques for relaxation oscillator based capacitive sensors. The techniques rely on extremely simple hardware such as a 1-bit coarse voltage quantizer to generate a 1-bit data stream and subsequently determine frequencies with resolutions greater than 20 bits from the 1-bit data stream. The proposed readouts are based on two types of 1-bit hardware approaches with Nyquist sampling in one approach and oversampling in the other. The first approach employs a Nyquist rate sampled 1-bit comparator while the second approach relies on an oversampled 1-bit quantizer based delta-sigma modulator (DSM) as a hardware to generate the bit stream. High resolution frequency is estimated from the 1-bit data stream using parametric, non-parametric and compressed sensing approaches. We provide detailed study and measurement results comparing the performance of the proposed techniques for test inputs with different frequencies and amplitudes and multiple signal shapes including sine, square, triangular and sawtooth. We show that the 1-bit comparator along with the CS approach provides the best performance across all input amplitude, frequency and shapes. A capacitive water level sensor was implemented in a PCB and embedded in a conventional square wave relaxation oscillator to verify the proposed technique. Measurement results show that incremental SNRs can be achieved only by increasing the 1-bit data stream length without any change in the hardware thereby demonstrating the adaptability of the technique based on an application requirement.
Digital Manufacturing of Resonance Mems From A Single-Layer Fused Silica Material (2022)

This paper presents a laser-based manufacturing process for fabrication of Micro-Electro-Mechanical (MEM) resonators from Fused Silica (FS) as the structural material. Femtosecond Laser-Induced Chemical Etching (FLICE) has been an enabling technology to micromachine complex 3-dimensional micro-fluidics and micro-optics from FS material. We utilized FLICE in a 3-steps process for fabricating capacitive MEM resonators, for the first time. For demonstration, a Disk Resonator Gyroscope (DRG) design was “digitally written” and released using the introduced process, and structural characterization results are presented. We experimentally demonstrated electrostatic actuation and detection of the 100 kHz FS-DRG and measured a quality factor on the order of 0.6M. By optimizing laser-writing parameters, we demonstrated that channels with an aspect ratio as high as 55:1 could be achieved. Our results demonstrate the potential of FLICE-like processes to become an alternative to conventional plasma etching technology for realizing high quality factor FS MEM resonators with ultra-high capacitive transduction.
CRISPR-Cas-based Microhomology-Mediated End Joining for Precise Gene Replacement in Plant (2022)

Abstract Precise gene or allele replacement is a desirable technology, but implementing it in plants remains challenging. CRISPR-Cas-based approaches, such as gene targeting (GT) and prime editing (PE), have opened up new possibilities for precise gene replacement in plants. However, their editing size and efficiency still need improvement. Recently, strategies using canonical nonhomologous end-joining (cNHEJ) and microhomology-mediated end joining (MMEJ) have been considered promising alternatives for precise gene replacement in yeast and mammals. However, these approaches have not been extensively explored and applied to plants. Here, we proposed and tested a CRISPR-Cas-based tool, termed PREMJ ( p recision gene re placement via m icrohomology-mediated end joining), for precision gene replacement in plants. The PREMJ strategy employing 20-bp microhomology MMEJ donors (∼100 bp lengths) and a canonical nonhomologous end-joining (cNHEJ) inhibitor, NU7441, produced high targeted gene replacement efficiencies, up to 1.60 ± 0.14, 4.47 ± 1.98, and 8.98 ± 4.73 % in protoplasts of tomato, lettuce, and cabbage, respectively. Our data also revealed the critical impacts of the microhomology length and NU7441 concentration on PREMJ-based precision gene editing in plants. Although obtaining edited plants remains challenging due to inefficient protoplast regenerations and Agrobacterium -mediated delivery, PREMJ may significantly contribute to precision gene editing in plants competent to PREMJ complex delivery and plant regeneration. Key Message We designed and tested a method, termed PREMJ, for precise gene replacement using the CRISPR-Cas-mediated double-stranded break (DSB) formation and repairing the DSBs via microhomology-mediated end joining (MMEJ) with MMEJ donor template carrying desired base changes and microhomologies flanking the DSB ends. PREMJ showed feasibility in precise gene replacement in protoplasts of tomatoes, lettuce, and cabbage, albeit its efficacy in Agrobacterium -mediated plant transformation requires further optimization.
Plasmonic filters. (2009)

Metal films perforated with subwavelength hole arrays have been show to demonstrate an effect known as Extraordinary Transmission (EOT). In EOT devices, optical transmission passbands arise that can have up to 90% transmission and a bandwidth that is only a few percent of the designed center wavelength. By placing a tunable dielectric in proximity to the EOT mesh, one can tune the center frequency of the passband. We have demonstrated over 1 micron of passive tuning in structures designed for an 11 micron center wavelength. If a suitable midwave (3-5 micron) tunable dielectric (perhaps BaTiO{sub 3}) were integrated with an EOT mesh designed for midwave operation, it is possible that a fast, voltage tunable, low temperature filter solution could be demonstrated with a several hundred nanometer passband. Such an element could, for example, replace certain components in a filter wheel solution.
Supramolecular Hydrogels for Long‐Term Bioengineered Stem Cell Therapy (2014)

Synthetic hydrogels have been extensively investigated as artificial extracellular matrices (ECMs) for tissue engineering in vitro and in vivo. Crucial challenges for such hydrogels are sustaining long-term cytocompatible encapsulation and providing appropriate cues at the right place and time for spatio-temporal control of the cells. Here, in situ supramolecularly assembled and modularly modified hydrogels for long-term engineered mesenchymal stem cell (eMSC) therapy are reported using cucurbit[6]uril-conjugated hyaluronic acid (CB[6]-HA), diaminohexane conjugated HA (DAH-HA), and drug-conjugated CB[6] (drug-CB[6]). The eMSCs producing enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) remain alive and emit the fluorescence within CB[6]/DAH-HA hydrogels in mice for more than 60 d. Furthermore, the long-term expression of mutant interleukin-12 (IL-12M) by eMSCs within the supramolecular hydrogels results in effective inhibition of tumor growth with a significantly enhanced survival rate. Taken together, these findings confirm the feasibility of supramolecular HA hydrogels as 3D artificial ECMs for cell therapies and tissue engineering applications.
A Soft Chemistry Route for the Synthesis of Nanostructured Pb 2 Ru 2 O 6.5 with a Controlled Stoichiometry (2008)

A new chemical route to synthesize nanostructured lead ruthenium pyrochlore (Pb 2 Ru 2 O 6.5 ) powders was developed. The synthesis was performed starting from a metal nitrate aqueous solution and N , N , N ′, N ′ tetramethylethylendiamine (TMEDA). The amine, which is a mild basic chelating agent, was able to control the simultaneous precipitation of lead and ruthenium oxo/hydroxides. For the sake of comparison, Pb 2 Ru 2 O 6.5 powders were prepared using the more conventional polymeric precursor method. The new method was effective for the synthesis of nanostructured Pb 2 Ru 2 O 6.5 powders already stable at 400°C and up to 1000°C.
FPGA Synthesis and Physical Design (2018)

This chapter describes computer aided design (CAD) for programmable logic not just from an individual algorithm perspective, but in the context of the end-to-end flow that a designer using a commercial Field-programmable logic array (FPGA) would experience. It analyses algorithms, tools, and techniques for both the end-user and architecture-development FPGA CAD flows. The physical design aspect of FPGA tools consists of clustering, placement, physical re-synthesis and routing. One major difference between standard and FPGA synthesis is in cost metrics. The target technology in a standard cell application specific integrated circuits (ASIC) library is a more finely grained cell while a typical FPGA cell is a generic k-input look-up table (LUT). Subfactor extraction algorithms are much more important for FPGA synthesis than commonly reported in academic literature where ASIC gates are assumed. An interesting recent development in FPGA synthesis is the use of sets of pairs of functions to be distinguished for exploiting the inherent flexibility in LUT-based netlists.
Visual Evidence and Quantification of Interaction of Polymeric Sulfonylurea with Pancreatic Islet (2003)

Using a polymeric sulfonylurea (PSU) designed from glibenclamide, we examined the interactions of sulfonylurea with pancreatic islets rather than genetically remodeled beta-cell lines to clarify the biological roles of ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channels to which sulfonylurea binds. PSU enhanced insulin secretion from the islets with 10 nM (SU equivalent) treatment, especially at low glucose concentration, but its activity was inhibited by 100 microM diazoxide. Confocal microscopy visualized PSU interactions with the islet and revealed that the modulation of intracellular Ca2+ occurred in the same region of an islet where PSU was also bound. In quantification method of the confocal microscopic images, competition of PSU with glibenclamide on its binding sites and glucose inhibition against PSU binding were confirmed. In this study, it was concluded that the PSU was a comparable drug with glibenclamide and offered a new standard method to study intact islets.
Structural and spectroscopic studies of transition metal nitrite complexes. III. Crystal structures and spectra of Aquabis( meso -1,2-diphenylethane-1,2-diamine)-nitronickel(II) perchlorate and Bis( meso -1,2-diphenylethane-1,2-diamine)-(nitrito-O,O')nickel(II) chloride (1981)

The crystal and molecular structures of the complexes [Ni(mstien),(NO2)(H2O)] ClO4 and [Ni(mstien)2(O2N)] Cl are reported (mstien = meso -stilbenediamine, 1,2-diphenylethane-1,2-di-amine). Both compounds contain nickel(II) in an essentially octahedral ligand environment. In the latter complex, the nitrite ion chelates, while in the former it is present as a nitro group situated trans to a coordinated water molecule. In both complexes the conformations observed for the amine chelate rings can be rationalized on the basis that they minimize intramolecular ligand repulsions. The complex [Ni(mstien)2(O2N)] NO2 is isomorphous with the analogous chloride compound, and spectral evidence suggests that the complex [Ni(mstien)2(O2N)] ClO4 also contains a chelating nitrite group. The electronic spectra of single crystals of [Ni(mstien),(O2N)] X (X = Cl- and NO2-) show bands centred at c. 25000 cm-l which exhibit vibrational fine structure. The energies of the progressional spacings are c.600cm-l, which suggests that the bands are probably due to n ? p* internal nitrite transitions. The band centred at c. 20500 cm-1 in [Ni(mstien)2(NO2)(H2O)] ClO4 also shows well resolved vibrational fine structure with a progressional spacing of c. 630 cm-1. This implies that the band is not due to a 'd-d' transition, but must be caused by the excitation of an electron into the nitrite p* orbital, either from a non-bonding nitrite orbital, or more probably from the nickel ion.
Time multiplexed spectral imaging of burning aluminum monoxide particles (2017)

Time multiplexed spectral images of burning aluminum particles from two experiments using a hyperspectral imaging system (HIS) coupled to a high speed video (HSV) camera were investigated. The first experiment looks at ignited aluminum particles generated by a welding torch that were continuously funneled into the imaging plane of the HISHSV system. The HIS was set to hop between two wavelengths at a rate of 300 frames per second (fps): 485.7 nm, the peak emission of aluminum monoxide, and 502.3nm, the bottom of the same emission peak. The second experiment images ignited AlO from the burn of an aluminized ammonium perchlorate solid propellant hoping between the wavelength of 486.3nm and 480.0nm at 2100 fps.
Aspiration flow optimized for nasal nitric oxide measurement. (1999)

The aim of the present study was to evaluate some of the factors which may influence the reliability of nasal NO measurements, and to optimize methods suitable for children and adults. Nasal nitric oxide (NO) output was determined by chemiluminescent analysis of aspirated samples in 16 adults and 6 children. With the velopharyngeal aperture closed, stable NO levels were obtained at flows ranging form 0.9 to 6.2 L/min. NO output averaged 401.0 +/- 145.4 nL/min./M2 in 6 children, 338.2 +/- 92.3 in 7 adult females and 268.6 +/- 70.2 in 9 adult males. Nasal NO output was independent of flow provided a stable plateau of NO value was reached. In this study, the optimal range of flows was 3.2-5.2 L/min. in adults and 2.2-3.2 L/min. in children. This enables selection of the most favorable flow to be chosen for individual subjects and situations.
Application of Aquatic Plants for the Treatment of Selenium-Rich Mining Wastewater and Production of Renewable Fuels and Petrochemicals (2014)

Aquatic plants aggressively colonising wetlands are widely used for the biosorption of the soluble contaminants from wastewater and represent an attractive feedstock for biofuel production. Three common Australian aquatic plants, duckweed (Landoltia punctata), elodea, (Elodea canadensis) and water clover (Marsilea quadrifolia), colonizing different depths of wetlands were tested for their ability to treat the selenium-rich mining wastewater and for their potential for production of petrochemicals. The results showed that these plants could be effective at biofiltration of selenium and heavy metals from mining wastewater accumulating them in their fast growing biomass. Along with production of bio-gas and bio-solid components, pyrolysis of these plants produced a range of liquid petrochemicals including straight-chain C14-C20 alkanes, which can be directly used as a diesel fuel supplement or as a glycerine-free component of biodiesel. Other identified bio-oil components can be converted into petrochemicals using existing techniques such as catalytic hydrodeoxygenation. A dual application of aquatic plants for wastewater treatment and production of value-added chemicals offers an ecologically friendly and cost-effective solution for water pollution problems and renewable energy production.
A Linear Least-Squares Algorithm for Double-Wiebe Functions Applied to Spark-Assisted Compression Ignition (2013)

An algorithm for determining the four tuning parameters in a double-Wiebe description of the combustion process in spark-assisted compression ignition engines is presented where the novelty is that the tuning problem is posed as a weighted linear least-squares problem. The approach is applied and shown to describe well an extensive data set from a light-duty gasoline engine for various engine speeds and loads. Correlations are suggested for the four parameters based on the results, which illustrates how the double-Wiebe approach can also be utilized in predictive simulation. The effectiveness of the methodology is quantified by the accuracy for describing and predicting the heat release rate as well as predicting the cylinder pressure. The root-mean square errors between the measured and predicted cylinder pressures are 1 bar or less, which corresponds to 2% or less of the peak cylinder pressure.
The steroid sulfatase inhibitor BN-83495 inhibits the growth of DMBA induced mammary tumors in rats alone or in combination with estradiol receptor blockers (2011)

The question is whether alteration of risk factors will aid primary and secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. Critical review of available evidence indicates that inferences have been made about the beneficial effects of risk factor modification without an adequate test of the hypothesis. Trial interventions to assess the efficacy of serum cholesterol-lowering measures have had negative or equivocal results. It remains to be seen whether the findings of clinical trials on hypertension can be applied toward primary prevention of coronary heart disease in the community. The cigarette smoking habit seems to be unique among coronary heart disease risk factors. The evidence appears sufficient to justify serious consideration of a strategy of preventing the smoking habit now, persuading patients to stop and encouraging teenagers not to start.
From Deficits to Possibilities: Mentoring Lessons from Plants on Cultivating Individual Growth through Environmental Assessment and Optimization (2017)

This essay discusses plant biology-inspired practices for supporting the development of a diverse range of students, academic staff, and faculty members as researchers, scholarly thinkers, and independent practitioners. Growth-perspective relationships with plants indicate vast potential for our capacity to progressively support diverse individuals in the academy. This essay investigates effective means for planting and cultivating growth-focused mentoring and faculty development initiatives.
CAR T-cells: current limitations and future developments (2020)

Les cellules T à récepteur antigénique chimérique (CAR-T) représentent une avancée thérapeutique majeure en oncohématologie. À ce jour, deux CAR-T anti-CD19 ont été agréées pour le traitement des leucémies aiguës lymphoblastiques B et des lymphomes diffus à grandes cellules B en rechute/réfractaires. Même si ces traitements ont montré une efficacité remarquable chez ces patients en échec des traitements habituels, leur utilisation est limitée par la survenue de résistances et/ou de toxicités sévères. Une meilleure compréhension de ces phénomènes et l’amélioration des outils de biologie moléculaire permettent d’envisager le développement de nouvelles générations de CAR-T, plus efficaces et/ou moins toxiques. Dans cette revue, nous faisons le point sur les mécanismes à l’origine des résistances et des toxicités, et sur les voies d’optimisation qui sont envisagées.
Fast and robust spatio-temporal image alignment for inter-sequence error concealment (2010)

Terrestrial broadcasting of digital TV is often error-prone due to suboptimal channels. Inter-sequence error concealment is a novel technique to reconstruct lost image blocks of video signals by inserting error-free blocks of reference signals. Considering multi-broadcast receivers, reference signals are typically scaled, cropped and delayed. Spatio-temporal image alignment therefore is the crucial point of inter-sequence error concealment. A well-known intensity-based approach utilizing a numerical optimization technique shows supreme reconstruction quality outperforming state-of-the-art concealment methods by up to 15 dB PSNR <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Y</sub> . In this paper, we present a novel feature-based approach which significantly reduces complexity. By using scale-invariant features for image alignment, the computation time can be reduced by a factor of up to 32.4. As reconstruction quality is almost kept constant, robustness of our algorithm is high. The maximum loss is 0.8 dB in terms of PSNR <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Y</sub> .
Comparative analysis of strand-specific RNA sequencing approaches (2012)

Background Standard RNA sequencing approaches generally require double-stranded cDNA synthesis, which erases RNA strand information. Synthesis of a randomly primed double-stranded cDNA followed by addition of adaptors for next-generation sequencing leads to the loss of information about which strand was present in the original mRNA template. The polarity of the transcript is important for correct annotation of novel genes, identification of antisense transcripts with potential regulatory roles, and for correct determination of gene expression levels in the presence of antisense transcripts. Different strand-specific RNA-seq approaches have been developed to preserve information about strand polarity with different level of performances. Material and methods Using Illumina Deep Sequencing Technology, this work investigates the performance of two different directional RNA-Seq (strand-specific RNA-seq) strategies. One is based on direct ligation of adaptors to the RNA ends and the other is based on the labeling and excision of the second strand cDNA. The RNA-seq workflows present in this work have been improved over current more laborious RNA-seq methods. Their low RNA input and streamlined workflows make them compatible with high throughput and automation. We also analyze the effect of different RNA fragmentation methods (divalent cations plus heat versus enzymatic fragmentation). Results We will provide a comparative full data analysis of different strand-specific RNA methods (library performance, complexity, continuity of gene coverage, strand specificity, rRNA background). Conclusions Our results show improved methods for high-quality strand-specific RNA-seq library construction amenable to large-scale library construction and automation.
Quantitative magnetic resonance spectroscopy of schizophrenia: Relationship between decreased N‐acetylaspartate and frontal lobe dysfunction (2006)

Numerous studies using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) have detected signal changes in schizophrenia. However, most studies investigated relative concentrations such as N-acetylaspartate/creatine plus phosphocreatine (NAA/Cre) and choline-containing compounds/creatine plus phosphocreatine (Cho/Cre), and individual metabolite concentrations have not been clarified. Using absolute quantification measurement of 1H-MRS, the aim of the present paper was to demonstrate the changes in metabolite concentrations in the frontal lobe of patients with chronic schizophrenia. The 1H-MRS was performed in the left frontal lobe in 14 patients with schizophrenia and in 13 healthy comparison subjects. Individual MRS peak concentration was quantified based on a frequency-domain fitting program: LCModel. The scores on the Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test were used for clinical assessment. The NAA concentration was reduced in schizophrenic patients (average, 7.94 mmol/L, t=2.28, P<0.05) compared with healthy subjects (average=8.45 mmol/L) while choline, creatine or NAA/Cre ratio did not show any differences. The reduction in NAA concentration had a significant correlation with the severity of negative symptoms (r=-0.536, P<0.05) and poor performance in Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (r=-0.544, P<0.05). Using quantitative MRS, decreased NAA concentration was confirmed in the left frontal lobe of schizophrenic patients and was demonstrated to be correlated with negative symptoms and cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia.