gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The (T) thrombosis (I) in patients with (L) lower (L) limb (I) injuries (R)requiring (I) immobilisation (TILLIRI) study: A prospective observational multicentre study (2020)

Temporarily immobilising an injured lower limb is a recognised predisposing factor for the development of venous thromboembolism (VTE). We aim to conduct a prospective study to measure the incidence of VTE after temporary lower limb immobilisation. The study will also measure VTE risk factors in this patient cohort and identify those risk factors that are predictors of developing VTE. Finally, this study will validate the Thrombosis Risk Prediction for patients with cast immobilisation (TRiP (cast)) risk assessment model. The planned study design will be prospective and multicentre, including 15 participating sites within the Irish Network for VTE Research (INViTE). Consecutive patients aged 18 years and older with an immobilised injured lower limb will be eligible for inclusion. We will collect the relevant clinical variables at the index emergency department (ED) visit. The primary outcome will be the incidence of symptomatic VTE within three months after the injury. We will include VTE predictors in a multivariable logistic regression model, with VTE occurrence as the outcome variable. The TRiP (cast) model will be prospectively validated for first time using the Thrombosis In patients with Lower Limb Injuries Requiring Immobilisation (TiLLIRI) cohort. The association between lower limb immobilisation and VTE has been documented for over seventy-five years. However, the benefits of pharmacological thromboprophylaxis are still unclear. Identifying patients at a higher risk of VTE after immobilising an injured lower limb will help patient-focused benefit-risk analysis to inform clinical decision making and treatment decisions. The TiLLIRI study will address this critical clinical knowledge gap in the first-ever large prospective multicentre observational study of its kind. The results of this study are likely to inform future clinical trials and prospective management studies and to impact upon patient safety positively.
Efficiency Improvements in Wireless Operation Mode Switching of an Adaptive Backhaul Equipment for Marine Communication (2022)

The OceanNet project delivers offshore internet connectivity and mobile IP-based services to marine fishermen who venture into the deep sea. The OceanNet communication system comprises a Customer Premises Equipment (CPE) with Long-Range (LR) Wi-Fi deployed inside the fishing boat and a Wi-Fi access point on the boat deck. We refer to the CPE as Adaptive Backhaul Equipment (ABE) due to its ability to switch roles to either the mobile base station or client station for front-haul and back-haul connectivity. The ABE contains a directional antenna that tracks the onshore base station. The internet connectivity is extended offshore through ABE, and the fishermen can use their smartphones to use mobile IP-based apps such as Whatsapp, Facebook, etc., by connecting to the Wi-Fi access point. The Automatic Antenna Reorientation (AAR) system reorients the ABE to provide a direct Line of Sight (LoS) with the onshore base station for good connectivity. This system frequently has reliability issues due to the wear and tear problems in the rotary platform's moving parts, which causes ABE's misalignment to the onshore base station. A six-ABEs concept provides a 360° coverage alternative to the traditional directional antenna rotary platform. This paper discusses the efficiency improvements in the algorithm to dynamically switch the wireless operation mode of a single ABE to either a mobile base station or client using a Python script written on a Raspberry Pi. It explains the steps needed for optimised dynamic wireless operation mode switching of an ABE and presents the results and the percentage reduction in the time taken for switching the operation mode.
ChemInform Abstract: α‐Methylation of Ketones via Manganese Enolates: Absence of Undesired Polyalkylation. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Enhancement of light emission from silicon by a photonic crystal nanocavity and high-pressure water vapor annealing (2010)

We propose and demonstrate the application of high-pressure water vapor annealing (HWA) to silicon photonic-crystal nanocavities for surface passivation. We find that HWA boosts light emission due to the reduction of surface recombination beyond simply using the cavity effect.
ROBOTS MAKE BETTER SURGEONS THAN AUSTRALIANS (2012)

Introduction In 2009, surgeon error is a major factor contributing to premature failure in conventional arthroplasty. Technology has revolutionised quality control in all manufacturing industries, yet it has made little or no impact on practice in arthroplasty. Currently, no agreed standards exist—in either the UK or Australia— that allows us to state whether or not the operation was performed correctly.

In hip arthroplasty, acetabular orientation may be considered a non-controversial metric for assessing surgical precision in hip arthroplasty. We considered that a trained surgeon should be able to orientate the acetabular component within the safe zone 19 times out of 20.

Materials and methods 40 trainees at different stages in their training and 20 trained surgeons, (half of whom had performed over 1000 hip replacements) were assessed for their ability to orient an acetabular cup within the safe zone on three stations, one with the pelvis in the anatomic orientation, one with the pelvis in a distorted position, and one with the pelvis clad in a body preventing reliable palpation of landmarks and in a distorted position.

Their scores were compared to the standard we set, and to the scores of medical students using robotic technology to assist them.

Results Less than 45% of the acetabular components oriented, even by trained surgeons, were in the safe zone when the pelvis was distorted from the anatomic position. Trainees were less precise, with the level of training being a significant factor predicting ability to orientate. Medical students who had never performed hip arthroplasty using robotic technology, obtained accurate results in 31/32 cases.

Conclusions Trained surgeons in the UK are unable to achieve acetabular orientation within the safe zone reliably using clinical skills alone, while medical students can reliably achieve clinically important levels of accuracy immediately using technology. As we won the ashes, these observations are likely to hold true in Australia.
Environmental Factors Affecting Situation Awareness in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (2009)

eld also entails additional environmental stresses, such as less optimal use of computer equipment, variations in weather, and the physical demands of the terrain. In this paper, a pilot study is conducted to determine if any of these factors signicantly impact situation awareness, by comparing operator performance in a visual identication task in a live eld test with operators performing an identical task in a lab environment. Metric results suggest that performance is similar across the two conditions, but qualitative responses from participants suggest that the underlying strategies employed dier in the two conditions.
Long-Term Outcomes following Lower Extremity Sarcoma Resection and Reconstruction with Vascularized Fibula Flaps in Children (2014)

Therapeutic, IV.
Congratulations New Senior Members, 21 Elected in April, May and June (2007)

Many benefits accompany IEEE Senior Member status: • Professional recognition for technical and professional excellence • Fine wood and bronze engraved Senior Member plaque to proudly display • Up to $25 gift certificate toward one new Society membership • Letter of commendation to your employer, upon the request of the newly elected Senior Member • Announcement of elevation in Section/Society and/or local newsletters, newspapers and notices • Eligibility to hold executive IEEE volunteer positions • Eligibility to be Reference for Senior Member applicants • Invitation to be panelist for reviewing Senior Member applications To qualify for Senior Member elevation, a candidate must be an engineer, scientist, educator, technical executive, or originator in IEEE-designated fields. The candidate must have been in professional practice for at least ten years, and have shown significant performance over a period of at least five of those years. Three references are required to accompany the application. For more information, or to apply for Senior Membership, please see the IEEE Senior Member Program website: www.ieee.org/organizations/rab/md/smprogram.html.
A Robust Visible Authenticated Video Watermarking Based on One-to-One Compound Mapping (2021)

We implemented in this letter a comprehensive and highly authenticate visible technique for the use of video watermarking as an application for copyright protection for many governments. We have put forward the use of two methods of watermarking with one-to-one compound image maps, which allows us to retrieve any video without loss, for lossless video watermarking. We have also proposed using a single-to-one compound image. This paper uses both the full colored translucent and the Opaque mono chrome images. There is a repetitive development of two fold more compound mapping to get more conventional visible watermarks. Steps to protect against hackers were taken.
Infrared photolysis of trichloride argon-boron (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInfrared photolysis of trichloride argon-boronMichael P. Casassa, David S. Bomse, and Kenneth C. JandaCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1981, 85, 18, 2623–2625Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j150618a011https://doi.org/10.1021/j150618a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views37Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: Trans Diastereoselective Synthesis of 3‐Alkyl Substituted β‐ Lactams via the Acid Chloride‐Imine Reaction of Nonactivated Acid Chlorides. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Planar waveguides formed by Ag^+–Na^+ ion exchange in nonlinear optical glasses: diffusion and optical properties (2000)

All-optical communication systems are the subject of intense research related to the integration of nonlinear optical materials. In sodiocalcic borophosphate glasses that contain niobium oxide and exhibit high nonlinear optical indices, planar waveguides have been formed by a Ag(+)-Na(+) ion-exchange technique. WKB analysis has been used to characterize the diffusion profiles of silver ions exchanged in glass substrate samples chemically by an electron microprobe technique and optically by an M-line technique. These methods permit the Ag(+) penetration depth and diffusion profile shape and index profiles to be determined. The results are analyzed and discussed in relation to Ca(2+) concentration and exchange conditions in glasses. The Ag(+) diffusion in these glasses can be almost entirely controlled for index-profile engineering.
MOLECULAR-SCALE INTERROGATION OF CATALYTIC INTERACTIONS BETWEEN OXYGEN AND COBALT PHTHALOCYANINE USING ULTRAHIGH VACUUM TIP-ENHANCED RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY (2018)

Ultrahigh vacuum tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (UHV-TERS) is a powerful method combining the rich chemical information of vibrational spectroscopy with the ultrahigh spatial resolution of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). However, despite of its potential, there is a lack of studies demonstrating the capability of UHV-TERS in investigating chemical reactions and molecular adsorptions under controlled environment. Herein, we use UHV-TERS to investigate adsorption of oxygen (O$_{2}$) with cobalt (II) phthalocyanine (CoPc) supported on Ag(111) single crystal surfaces under highly controlled environment, which is the initial step for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) using metal Pc catalysts. Two adsorption configurations are primarily observed, assigned as O$_{2}$/CoPc/Ag(111) and O/CoPc/Ag(111) based on STM imaging, TERS, isotopologue substitution, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Distinct vibrational features are observed for different adsorption configurations such as the $^{18}$O-$^{18}$O stretching frequency at 1151 \\wn for O$_{2}$/CoPc/Ag(111), and Co-$^{16}$O and Co-$^{18}$O vibrational frequencies at 661 \\wn and 623 \\wn, respectively, for O/CoPc/Ag(111). DFT calculations show vibrational mode coupling of O-O and Co-O vibrations to the Pc ring, resulting in different symmetries of oxygen-related normal modes for different isotopes. This study establishes UHV-TERS as a chemically sensitive tool for probing catalytic systems at the molecular-scale.
On the Influence of Active Area Design on the Performance of SiC JBS Diodes (2017)

This paper presents an investigation regarding the influence of the active area design on the static and dynamic performance of SiC JBS diodes. The analysis has been performed on fabricated JBS diodes, rated for 1.7kV applications. For the active area layout, both stripe and hexagonal cell patterns have been used for the implanted p+ regions.
Human Melanoma Proteoglycan: Expression in Hybrids Controlled by Intrinsic and Extrinsic Signals (1986)

Human malignant melanoma cells express specific chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (mel-CSPG) on the surface, both in vivo and in vitro. Melanocytes in normal skin show no detectable mel-CSPG but can be induced to express the antigen when cultured in the presence of cholera toxin and the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. Most other cell types do not express mel-CSPG either in vivo or in vitro. A study was designed to examine regulatory signals controlling mel-CSPG expression. The gene encoding mel-CSPG was mapped to human chromosome 15, and this chromosome was introduced into rodent cells derived from distinct differentiation lineages. Three types of mel-CSPG--expressing hybrids were found: (i) hybrids derived from human melanomas; (ii) hybrids derived from human cells that do not express mel-CSPG; and (iii) hybrids derived from human cells expressing mel-CSPG that are antigen-negative but that are induced to express mel-CSPG when cultured on extracellular matrix instead of plastic surfaces. Thus, mel-CSPG expression can be controlled both through intrinsic signals, provided by the differentiation program of the rodent fusion partner, and through extrinsic signals, provided by specific cell-matrix interactions.
Nanoporous films for epitaxial growth of single crystal semiconductor materials : final LDRD report. (2007)

This senior council Tier 1 LDRD was focused on exploring the use of porous growth masks as a method for defect reduction during heteroepitaxial crystal growth. Initially our goal was to investigate porous silica as a growth mask, however, we expanded the scope of the research to include several other porous growth masks on various size scales, including mesoporous carbon, photolithographically patterned SU-8 and carbonized SU-8 structures. Use of photolithographically defined growth templates represents a new direction, unique in the extensive literature of patterned epitaxial growth, and presents the possibility of providing a single step growth mask. Additional research included investigation of pore viability via electrochemical deposition into high aspect ratio photoresist. This project was a small footprint research effort which, nonetheless, produced significant progress towards both the stated goal as well as unanticipated research directions.
SelfCheckGPT: Zero-Resource Black-Box Hallucination Detection for Generative Large Language Models (2023)

Generative Large Language Models (LLMs) such as GPT-3 are capable of generating highly fluent responses to a wide variety of user prompts. However, LLMs are known to hallucinate facts and make non-factual statements which can undermine trust in their output. Existing fact-checking approaches either require access to the output probability distribution (which may not be available for systems such as ChatGPT) or external databases that are interfaced via separate, often complex, modules. In this work, we propose "SelfCheckGPT", a simple sampling-based approach that can be used to fact-check the responses of black-box models in a zero-resource fashion, i.e. without an external database. SelfCheckGPT leverages the simple idea that if an LLM has knowledge of a given concept, sampled responses are likely to be similar and contain consistent facts. However, for hallucinated facts, stochastically sampled responses are likely to diverge and contradict one another. We investigate this approach by using GPT-3 to generate passages about individuals from the WikiBio dataset, and manually annotate the factuality of the generated passages. We demonstrate that SelfCheckGPT can: i) detect non-factual and factual sentences; and ii) rank passages in terms of factuality. We compare our approach to several baselines and show that our approach has considerably higher AUC-PR scores in sentence-level hallucination detection and higher correlation scores in passage-level factuality assessment compared to grey-box methods.
Measurement of pH in Fluidic Chip Using a Terahertz Chemical Microscope (2009)

A terahertz chemical microscope (TCM) has been developed to visualize the chemical concentration of solutions in fluidic chips. Chemical potential — terahertz transducers were newly developed and applied to the bottom surfaces of the flow channels. When femtosecond laser pulses hit the transducers, terahertz waves are radiated from them. Since the amplitude of terahertz waves can be related to the chemical potential on the surface of the device, the distribution of chemical reactions on the surface can be visualized by scanning the laser on the device. Here, we report the demonstration of mapping of pH values using TCM with a spatial resolution of less than 1 mm. The pH distribution of the flow channels filled with 0.01 M NaOH and HCl was successfully visualized. In addition, the neutralization process was monitored.
Automatic Multi-resolution Spatio-Frequency Analysis for Print Mottle Evaluation (2009)

Evaluation of mottle is an area of on-going research in print quality assessment. We propose an unsupervised evaluation technique and a metric that measures mottle in a hard-copy laser print. The proposed algorithm uses a scanned image to quantify the low frequency variation or mottle in what is supposed to be a uniform field. &#x2018;Banding&#x2019; and &#x2018;Streaking&#x2019; effects are explicitly ignored and the proposed algorithm scales the test targets from &#x201C;Flat print&#x201D; (Good) to &#x201C;Noisy print&#x201D; (Bad) based on Mottle only. The evaluation procedure is modeled as feature computation in different combinations of spatial, frequency and wavelet domains. The algorithm's results are tested on a dataset of about 23 K only test targets out of which 13 were strictly for performance testing and results representing 10 targets are quantified in the paper against subjective rankings from &#x223C;30 Print Quality Experts (PQE) resulting in a &#x223C; 91% correlation.
A Development Strategy of Tailor-made Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents for the Enhanced Extraction of Hydroxynaphthoquinones from Alkanna tinctoria Roots (2022)

Natural hydroxynaphthoquinone enantiomers (HNQs) are well-described pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical agents especially present in the roots of <i>Alkanna tinctoria</i> (L.) Tausch, a species native to the Mediterranean region. In this work, eco-friendly natural deep eutectic solvents (NaDESs) were developed for the selective extraction of these compounds. An extensive screening was performed using more than sixty tailor-made NaDESs. The impact of the intrinsic physicochemical properties on the HNQs extraction efficiency as well as the specificity towards the different enantiomeric pairs was thoroughly investigated. As a result of a multivariate analysis and of the one factor-a-time solvent optimization, the eutectic mixture composed of levulinic acid and glucose (LeG) using a molar ratio of 5 : 1 (mol<sub>HBA</sub> : mol<sub>HBD</sub>) and 20% of water (w/w) was found as the most appropriate mixture for the highest extraction efficiency of HNQs. Further optimization of the extraction process was attained by response surface methodology, using a temperature of 45 °C, a solid-to-liquid ratio of 30 mg/mL, and an extraction time of 50 min. A maximum extraction output of 41.72 ± 1.04 mg/g was reached for HNQs, comparable to that of the commonly used organic solvents. A solid-phase extraction step was also proposed for the recovery of HNQs and for NaDESs recycling. Our results revealed NaDESs as a highly customizable class of green solvents with remarkable capabilities for the extraction of HNQs.
Impact of Sterilization on the Enzymatic Degradation and Mechanical Properties of Silk Biomaterials (2013)

The effect of some sterilization methods (autoclaving and ethanol treatments) on the degradation rate and mechanical properties of two types of porous silk scaffolds (aqueous- and hexafluoroisopropanol-derived) is evaluated. Changes in secondary structure, crystal size, and supramolecular features of silk fibroin, resulting from sterilization, are tracked to elucidate molecular level effects on protease XIV enzymatic degradation and compressive mechanical properties. The structural features and pore sizes of the silk scaffolds remain intact after both sterilization processes. Autoclave sterilization dramatically reduce the degradation rate of the silk scaffolds in response to protease XIV and significantly increase mechanical properties, in contrast to scaffolds sterilized with 70% ethanol. Higher β-sheet content and larger crystal size are observed after autoclaving, unlike in response to 70% ethanol sterilization, based on examination of Fourier transform (FT) IR spectroscopy and wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS). In addition, thermal analysis finds supramolecular features within silk fibroin amorphous regions, including the glass transition temperature (Tg ), heat capacity of glass transition (ΔCp-Tg ), and thermal gravimetric degradability. Such supramolecular level changes are related to the shift in enzymatic degradation and mechanical properties due to autoclaving versus treatment with 70% EtOH. The changes in supramolecular organization in amorphous regions can retard enzyme diffusion through the glassy regions of the silk matrix or/and hinder binding of enzymes, while also stiffening these matrices.