gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Extension-Upgrading Methane Using Ultra-Fast Thermal Swing Adsorption (2006)

The purpose of this project is to develop a cost effective technology for upgrading coal mine methane to natural gas pipeline quality. Nitrogen rejection is the most costly step with conventional technology and emerging competitive technology. Significant cost reductions to this step will allow for the cost effective capture and utilization of this otherwise potent greenhouse gas. The proposed approach is based on the microchannel technology platform that Velocys is developing to commercialize compact and cost efficient chemical processing technology. For this application, ultra fast thermal swing adsorption is enabled by the very high rates of heat transfer enabled by microchannels. Natural gas upgrading systems have six main unit operations: feed compressor, dehydration unit, nitrogen rejection unit, deoxygenator, carbon dioxide scrubber, and a sales compressor. The NRU is the focus of the development program, and a bench-scale demonstration has been initiated. The Velocys NRU system targets producing methane with greater than 96% purity and at least 90% recovery for final commercial operation. A preliminary cost analysis of the methane upgrading system, including the Velocys NRU, suggests that costs below $2.00 per million (MM) BTU methane may be achieved. The cost for a conventional methane upgrading system is well above $2.30 per MM BTU, as benchmarked in an Environmental Protection Agency study. Initial performance results for the Velocys TSA technology were promising. Velocys has also completed initial discussions with several prospective users of the technology and received positive market feedback. Some of the factors that create an attractive opportunity for the technology include the sustained high prices for natural gas, the emerging system of carbon credits, and continued focus on reducing coal mine emissions. While market interest has been confirmed, improvements and optimization are necessary to move the technology to a point that will enable commercial investment in the technology scale-up. In particular, prospective industry collaborators are interested in seeing validation that the technology can meet real-world conditions, including handling impurities, meeting purity and recovery targets (which requires low dead volume), and meeting cost and manufacturability goals. In this quarter, the system adsorbent has been selected--a granular mesoporous carbon. An overall change to the system to move to a phase change fluid for heating and cooling has been projected to significantly reduce the thermal lag of adsorption and desorption unit. Modeling work using the properties of powder carbon has shown that the overall system performance can be achieved, thus negating the need for structured adsorbents. A revised testing protocol for powder adsorbents has been initiated.
Development of focused ion-beam repair for opaque defects on MoSi-based attenuated phase-shift mask (1999)

Focused-ion beam (FIB) repair technique is one of the important technologies for quality and productivity of attenuated phase shift mask (HT-PSM),especially for KrF lithography. Mainly, accurate and low damage technique are necessary for HT-PSM repair. Such requirements are satisfied with the improvement of gas-assisted etching (GAE) technique for FIB. New SIR-3000 made by Seiko Instruments has been developed for applying MoSi material etching. Using GAE technique, the transmittance evaluated from AIMS at repaired area was more than 99% (i-line), and 96 - 97% (KrF) without post process (Qz reference: 100%). The results indicate the focused-ion beam repair is applicable without post process to MoSi-based HT-PSM for KrF lithography. This paper report the characterization results of opaque defect repair on MoSi-based HT-PSM using new SIR-3000.
Advanced Physical Layer Design for Li-Fi in the Industrial Internet of Things (2019)

We propose an energy efficient physical layer (PHY) employing pulsed modulation and simultaneous transmission enabling reliable Li-Fi networks for industrial applications. Essential PHY components are laid out and tested in a simulated manufacturing cell.
Explaining the Serological Characteristics of Streptococcus suis Serotypes 1 and 1/2 from Their Capsular Polysaccharide Structure and Biosynthesis (2016)

The capsular polysaccharide (CPS) is a major virulence factor in many encapsulated pathogens, as it is the case for Streptococcus suis, an important swine pathogen and emerging zoonotic agent. Moreover, the CPS is the antigen at the origin of S. suis classification into serotypes. Hence, analyses of the CPS structure are an essential step to dissect its role in virulence and the serological relations between important serotypes. Here, the CPSs of serotypes 1 and 1/2 were purified and characterized for the first time. Chemical and spectroscopic data gave the following repeating unit sequences: [6)[Neu5Ac(α2-6)GalNAc(β1-4)GlcNAc(β1-3)]Gal(β1-3)Gal(β1-4)Glc(β1-]n (serotype 1) and [4)[Neu5Ac(α2-6)GalNAc(β1-4)GlcNAc(β1-3)]Gal(β1-4)[Gal(α1-3)]Rha(β1-4)Glc(β1-]n (serotype 1/2). The Sambucus nigra lectin, which recognizes the Neu5Ac(α2-6)Gal/GalNAc sequence, showed binding to both CPSs. Compared with previously characterized serotype 14 and 2 CPSs, N-acetylgalactosamine replaces galactose as the sugar bearing the sialic acid residue in the side chain. Serological analyses of the cross-reaction of serotype 1/2 with serotypes 1 and 2 and that between serotypes 1 and 14 suggested that the side chain, and more particularly the terminal sialic acid, constitutes one important epitope for serotypes 1/2 and 2. The side chain is also an important serological determinant for serotype 1, yet sialic acid seems to play a limited role. In contrast, the side chain does not seem to be part of a major epitope for serotype 14. These results contribute to the understanding of the relationship between S. suis serotypes and provide the basis for improving diagnostic tools.
Identification and characterization of alternative splicing in parasitic nematode transcriptomes (2014)

Our optimized assembly parameters facilitated the first survey of AS among parasitic nematodes. The nine transcriptome assemblies, their protein translations, and basic annotations are available from Nematode.net as a resource for the research community. These should be useful for studies of specific genes and gene families of interest as well as for curating draft genome assemblies as they become available.
Comparison of the Physical-layer Performance between ATSC 3.0 and 5G Broadcast (2022)

This paper compares the physical-layer performances of ATSC 3.0 and 5G broadcast in the scenario to provide mobile broadcasting services. The differences of physical-layer between ATSC 3.0 and 5G broadcast are discussed in terms of transmission efficiency, overheads, and BICM performance over mobile environments. Through the computer simulations, it is shown that ATSC 3.0 can provide more robust and enhanced physical-layer performance than 5G broadcast over mobile environments.
Are Asians comfortable with discussing death in health valuation studies? A study in multi-ethnic Singapore (2006)

Singaporeans were generally comfortable with discussing death and had clear preferences for several descriptors of death and for "all-worst". EID is unlikely to influence health preference measurement in health valuation studies.
Geometric distortion correction in gradient-echo imaging by use of dynamic time warping (1999)

Distortion caused by local static field variations in magnetic resonance imaging can be corrected by using a method developed by Chang and Fitzpatrick (CF) that requires two acquisitions identical except for the polarity of the read gradient. This approach has previously been applied to spin-echo imaging. In this report, its role in correcting geometric distortion in gradient-echo imaging is investigated using a dynamic programming algorithm. This approach appears to successfully handle many of the edge artifacts otherwise inherent in the CF method. Once the correction has been made, it is then possible to extract the local magnetic field itself. Magn Reson Med 42:585-590, 1999.
Important Object Identification with Semi-Supervised Learning for Autonomous Driving (2022)

Accurate identification of important objects in the scene is a prerequisite for safe and high-quality decision making and motion planning of intelligent agents (e.g., autonomous vehicles) that navigate in complex and dynamic environments. Most existing approaches attempt to employ attention mechanisms to learn importance weights associated with each object indirectly via various tasks (e.g., trajectory prediction), which do not enforce direct supervision on the importance estimation. In contrast, we tackle this task in an explicit way and formulate it as a binary classification (“important” or “unimportant”) problem. We propose a novel approach for important object identification in egocentric driving scenarios with relational reasoning on the objects in the scene. Besides, since human annotations are limited and expensive to obtain, we present a semi-supervised learning pipeline to enable the model to learn from unlimited unlabeled data. Moreover, we propose to leverage the auxiliary tasks of ego vehicle behavior prediction to further improve the accuracy of importance estimation. The proposed approach is evaluated on a public egocentric driving dataset (H3D) collected in complex traffic scenarios. A detailed ablative study is conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of each model component and the training strategy. Our approach also outperforms rule-based baselines by a large margin.
The bdr Gene Families of the Lyme Disease and Relapsing Fever Spirochetes: Potential Influence on Biology, Pathogenesis, and Evolution (2000)

Species of the genus Borrelia cause human and animal infections, including Lyme disease, relapsing fever, and epizootic bovine abortion. The borrelial genome is unique among bacterial genomes in that it is composed of a linear chromosome and a series of linear and circular plasmids. The plasmids exhibit significant genetic redundancy and carry 175 paralogous gene families, most of unknown function. Homologous alleles on different plasmids could influence the organization and evolution of the Borrelia genome by serving as foci for interplasmid homologous recombination. The plasmid-carried Borrelia direct repeat (bdr) gene family encodes polymorphic, acidic proteins with putative phosphorylation sites and transmembrane domains. These proteins may play regulatory roles in Borrelia. We describe recent progress in the characterization of the Borrelia bdr genes and discuss the possible influence of this gene family on the biology, pathogenesis, and evolution of the Borrelia genome.
Bishydrazide Glycoconjugates for Lectin Recognition and Capture of Bacterial Pathogens (2010)

Bishydrazides are versatile linkers for attaching glycans to substrates for lectin binding and pathogen detection schemes. The α,ω-bishydrazides of carboxymethylated hexa(ethylene glycol) (4) can be conjugated at one end to unprotected oligosaccharides, then attached onto carrier proteins, tethered onto activated carboxyl-terminated surfaces, or functionalized with a photoactive cross-linking agent for lithographic patterning. Glycoconjugates of bishydrazide 4 can also be converted into dithiocarbamates (DTCs) by treatment with CS(2) under mild conditions, for attachment onto gold substrates. The immobilized glycans serve as recognition elements for cell-surface lectins and enable the detection and capture of bacterial pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa by their adsorption onto micropatterned substrates. A detection limit of 10³ cfu/mL is demonstrated, using a recently introduced method based on optical pattern recognition.
An Investigation of the Behavior of Solvent based Polycaprolactone ink for Material Jetting (2016)

An initial study of processing bioresorbable polycaprolactone (PCL) through material jetting was conducted using a Fujifilm Dimatix DMP-2830 material printer. The aim of this work was to investigate a potential solvent based method of jetting polycaprolactone. Several solvents were used to prepare a PCL solvent based ink and 1, 4-dioxane was chosen with the consideration of both solubility and safety. The morphology of PCL formed under different substrate temperatures, droplet spacings were investigated. Multi-layer PCL structures were printed and characterized. This work shows that biodegradable polycaprolactone can be processed through material jetting.
Functionalities of a Nanoporous Crystal 12CaO·7Al2O3 Originating from the Incorporation of Active Anions (2007)

Abstract A cage structure formed in a positively charged lattice framework of 12CaO·7Al2O3 (C12A7) is utilized to incorporate and release chemically unstable anions, imparting chemical and electronic activities to this material. High concentrations of oxygen radical anions, i.e. O− and O2−, are formed efficiently in these cages under a high oxygen activity condition. The O− ion, which is the strongest oxidant among all the reactive oxygen species, can be extracted from the cages into an external vacuum by applying an electric field with thermal assistance. In contrast, hydrogen-reduction processes allow the formation of hydride (H−) ions in the cage. H− ion-incorporated C12A7 exhibits a persistent insulator–conductor conversion upon irradiation with ultraviolet-light or electron-beam. The irradiation-induced conversion mechanism and electronic transport characteristics are discussed on the basis of experimental evidence and first-principle theoretical calculations. Electrons released from the H− ions are trapped by the cages and subsequent inter-cage hopping of the electrons is responsible for the electrical conduction. Furthermore, a severe reducing environment enables us to substitute electrons almost completely for anions in the cages, forming a stable inorganic electride. Finally, the formation of these active anions in this material is examined in terms of electronic structures, thermodynamics, and structural features of the cage.
Surgical treatment of falcotentorial meningiomas: a retrospective review of a single-institution experience (2019)

Falcotentorial meningiomas are challenging lesions. A steep tentorial angle is an unfavorable preoperative radiographic factor for achieving maximal resection with the supracerebellar infratentorial approach. Collectively, the study findings show that versatility is required to treat patients with falcotentorial meningiomas and that treatment goals and surgical approach must be individualized to obtain optimal surgical results.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Myocardial viability and survival in ischemic left ventricular dysfunction. (2011)

BACKGROUND-The assessment of myocardial viability has been used to identify patients with coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction in whom coronary-artery bypass grafting (CABG) will provide a survival benefit. However, the efficacy of this approach is uncertain.
Clonal Expansion of Infected Cells: A Way of Life for HTLV-I (1996)

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) is characterized by a remarkable genetic stability and high proviral loads in the absence of malignant disease. This results from the effect of tax on cell cycling. The virus replicates essentially in concert with the cell that is, via mitosis, which can be shown by polymerase chain reaction amplification of the HTLV-I integration sites. This is true of all stages of HTLV-I infection and accompanies adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. The very low viremia results from its genetic organization.
Lipoplexes for effective in vitro delivery of microRNAs to adult human cardiac fibroblasts for perspective direct cardiac cell reprogramming (2022)

Design of nanocarriers for efficient miRNA delivery can significantly improve miRNA-based therapies. Lipoplexes based on helper lipid, dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE) and cationic lipid [2-(2,3-didodecyloxypropyl)-hydroxyethyl] ammonium bromide (DE) were formulated to efficiently deliver miR-1 or a combination of four microRNAs (miRcombo) to adult human cardiac fibroblasts (AHCFs). Lipoplexes with amino-to-phosphate groups ratio of 3 (N/P 3) showed nanometric hydrodynamic size (372 nm), positive Z-potential (40 mV) and high stability under storage conditions. Compared to commercial DharmaFECT1 (DF), DE-DOPE/miRNA lipoplexes showed superior miRNA loading efficiency (99 % vs. 64 %), and faster miRNA release (99 % vs. 82 % at 48 h). DE-DOPE/miR-1 lipoplexes showed superior viability (80-100 % vs. 50 %) in AHCFs, a 2-fold higher miR-1 expression and Twinfilin-1 (TWF-1) mRNA downregulation. DE-DOPE/miRcombo lipoplexes significantly enhanced AHCFs reprogramming into induced cardiomyocytes (iCMs), as shown by increased expression of CM markers compared to DF/miRcombo.
Enhanced Performance of GaN-based Ultraviolet Light Emitting Diodes by Photon Recycling Using Graphene Quantum Dots (2017)

Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) with an average diameter of 3.5 nm were prepared via pulsed laser ablation. The synthesized GQDs can improve the optical and electrical properties of InGaN/InAlGaN UV light emitting diodes (LEDs) remarkably. An enhancement of electroluminescence and a decrease of series resistance of LEDs were observed after incorporation of GQDs on the LED surface. As the GQD concentration is increased, the emitted light (series resistance) in the LED increases (decreases) accordingly. The light output power achieved a maximum increase as high as 71% after introducing GQDs with the concentration of 0.9 mg/ml. The improved performance of LEDs after the introduction of GQDs is explained by the photon recycling through the light extraction from the waveguide mode and the carrier transfer from GQDs to the active layer.
Human osteoblast‐like cells in three‐dimensional culture with fluid flow (2003)

In a previous study, we showed that the combination of appropriately designed three-dimensional (3D) microcarrier scaffolds and fluid flow through and around the scaffolds during high aspect ratio vessel (HARV) rotation enhances the elaboration of mineralized bone matrix by osteoblast-like cells. In this study, we describe the ongoing characterization of our 3D culture system, including the investigation of interior fluid flow within the scaffolds and early stage integrin expression during hydrodynamic culture. Using theoretical and experimental methods, we have estimated that cells cultured on the interior of microcarrier scaffolds experience an interior nutrient flow velocity between 1 x 10(-3) and 1 x 10(-2) cm/s and maximum shear stress of 0.03 N/m(2). Under these conditions, osteoblast-like cells grew extensively in the interior regions of the scaffold and retained their osteoblastic phenotype as measured by alkaline phosphatase. In addition, flow cytometric analysis of the overall cell population showed that cells constitutively expressed integrin alpha3beta1 during 3D hydrodynamic culture.
Robot Safe Interaction System for Intelligent Industrial Co-Robots (2018)

Human-robot interactions have been recognized to be a key element of future industrial collaborative robots (co-robots). Unlike traditional robots that work in structured and deterministic environments, co-robots need to operate in highly unstructured and stochastic environments. To ensure that co-robots operate efficiently and safely in dynamic uncertain environments, this paper introduces the robot safe interaction system. In order to address the uncertainties during human-robot interactions, a unique parallel planning and control architecture is proposed, which has a long term global planner to ensure efficiency of robot behavior, and a short term local planner to ensure real time safety under uncertainties. In order for the robot to respond immediately to environmental changes, fast algorithms are used for real-time computation, i.e., the convex feasible set algorithm for the long term optimization, and the safe set algorithm for the short term optimization. Several test platforms are introduced for safe evaluation of the developed system in the early phase of deployment. The effectiveness and the efficiency of the proposed method have been verified in experiment with an industrial robot manipulator.
Separating three simultaneous speeches with two microphones by integrating auditory and visual processing (2001)

This paper addresses the problem of automatic recognition of three simultaneous speeches with two microphones, that is, that of sound source separation where the number of sound sources is greater than that of microphones. The approach used is the direction-pass filter, which is implemented by hypothetical reasoning on the interaural phase difference (IPD) and interaural intensity difference (IID). Auditory processing calculates IPD and IID for each subband, and generates hypotheses for precalculated IPD and IID for every direction including one obtained by visual processing. Then the system calculates the belief factor of hypothesis by Dempster-Shafer theory and determines the direction of each subband. Subbands of the specific direction are collected and then converted to a wave form by inverse FFT. With 200 benchmarks of three simultaneous utterances of Japanese words, the average 1-best and 10-best recognition rates of extracted speeches are 60% and 81%, respectively.
Alkoxy- and Aryloxyboratabenzene Complexes of Zirconium (1999)

Addition of primary and secondary alcohols to C5H5B−PMe3 (2) affords 1-alkoxyboracyclohexa-2,4-dienes in high yields. Deprotonation of these boracyclohexadienes, using NaH or lithium diisopropylamide, followed by the reaction with ZrCl4 allows for the coordination of alkoxyboratabenzene ligands to zirconium. Thus, complexes of the type [C5H5B−OR]2ZrCl2 (R = Et, 1; Cy, 3; Ph, 4; and CH2Ph, 5) can be produced in 45−65% overall yield. The crystallographically determined molecular structure of 4 shows evidence for B−O π orbital overlap. The linked diols 1,2-trans-cyclohexanediol and binaphthol can be used to generate ansa-type zirconium complexes 7 and 9, respectively. When 1, 3, 4, or 5 react with (AlMe3)2 the organometallic product is [C5H5BMe]2ZrCl2 (10). Cp*[C5H5B−OEt]ZrCl2 (11, Cp* = C5Me5) and (AlMe3)2 give Cp*[C5H5BMe]ZrCl2 (13). The complex Cp*[C5H5B(OEt)(AlMe3)]ZrCl2 (12) appears to be an intermediate in the conversion of 11 to 13. A comparison of the molecular structures of 11 and 12 shows that the B−O interaction weakens and the Zr−B distance contracts upon adduct formation. Complexes 1, 3, 4, 9, 10, and [C5H5B−Ph]2ZrCl2 (14) react with excess methylaluminoxane (MAO) and ethylene (1 atm) to give a Flory−Shultz distribution of olefins. For 7/MAO, ethylene addition results in the formation of polyethylene. The overall activity toward monomer and selectivity for linear 1-alkenes of the catalyst solutions are determined by the exocyclic group of the alkoxyboratabenzene zirconium precursor.