gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Advances in Neutron Radiography: Application to Additive Manufacturing Inconel 718 (2023)

Reactor-based neutron radiography is a non-destructive, non-invasive characterization technique that has been extensively used for engineering materials such as inspection of components, evaluation of porosity, and in-operando observations of engineering parts. Neutron radiography has flourished at reactor facilities for more than four decades and is relatively new to accelerator-based neutron sources. Recent advances in neutron source and detector technologies, such as the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) in Oak Ridge, TN, and the microchannel plate (MCP) detector, respectively, enable new contrast mechanisms using the neutron scattering Bragg features for crystalline information such as average lattice strain, crystalline plane orientation, and identification of phases in a neutron radiograph. Additive manufacturing (AM) processes or 3D printing have recently become very popular and have a significant potential to revolutionize the manufacturing of materials by enabling new designs with complex geometries that are not feasible using conventional manufacturing processes. However, the technique lacks standards for process optimization and control compared to conventional processes. Residual stresses are a common occurrence in materials that are machined, rolled, heat treated, welded, etc., and have a significant impact on a component s mechanical behavior and durability. They may also arise during the 3D printing process, and defects such as internal cracks can propagate over time as the component relaxes after being removed from its build plate (the base plate utilized to print materials on). Moreover, since access to the AM material is possible only after the component has been fully manufactured, it is difficult to characterize the material for defects a priori to minimize expensive re-runs. Currently, validation of the AM process and materials is mainly through expensive trial-and-error experiments at the component level, whereas in conventional processes the level of confidence in predictive computational modeling is high enough to allow process and materials optimization through computational approaches. Thus, there is a clear need for non-destructive characterization techniques and for the establishment of processing- microstructure databases that can be used for developing and validating predictive modeling tools for AM.
Plasma B Lymphocyte Stimulator and B Cell Differentiation in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Patients (2013)

We hypothesized B cells are involved in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a progressive, restrictive lung disease that is refractory to glucocorticoids and other nonspecific therapies, and almost invariably lethal. Accordingly, we sought to identify clinically associated B cell-related abnormalities in these patients. Phenotypes of circulating B cells were characterized by flow cytometry. Intrapulmonary processes were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Plasma B lymphocyte stimulating factor (BLyS) was assayed by ELISA. Circulating B cells of IPF subjects were more Ag differentiated, with greater plasmablast proportions (3.1 ± 0.8%) than in normal controls (1.3 ± 0.3%) (p < 0.03), and the extent of this differentiation correlated with IPF patient lung volumes (r = 0.44, p < 0.03). CD20(+) B cell aggregates, diffuse parenchymal and perivascular immune complexes, and complement depositions were all prevalent in IPF lungs, but much less prominent or absent in normal lungs. Plasma concentrations of BLyS, an obligate factor for B cell survival and differentiation, were significantly greater (p < 0.0001) in 110 IPF (2.05 ± 0.05 ng/ml) than among 53 normal (1.40 ± 0.04 ng/ml) and 90 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease subjects (1.59 ± 0.05 ng/ml). BLyS levels were uniquely correlated among IPF patients with pulmonary artery pressures (r = 0.58, p < 0.0001). The 25% of IPF subjects with the greatest BLyS values also had diminished 1-y survival (46 ± 11%), compared with those with lesser BLyS concentrations (81 ± 5%) (hazard ratio = 4.0, 95% confidence interval = 1.8-8.7, p = 0.0002). Abnormalities of B cells and BLyS are common in IPF patients, and highly associated with disease manifestations and patient outcomes. These findings have implications regarding IPF pathogenesis and illuminate the potential for novel treatment regimens that specifically target B cells in patients with this lung disease.
A Simple Numerical Algorithm and Software for Solution of Nucleation, Surface Growth, and Coagulation Problems (2003)

In this article, a simple numerical method to solve the general dynamic equation (GDE) has been described and the software made available. The model solution described is suitable for problems involving gas-to-particle conversion due to supersaturation, coagulation, and surface growth of particles via evaporation/condensation of monomers. The model is based on simplifying the sectional approach to discretizing the particle size distribution with a nodal form. The GDE developed here is an extension of the coagulation equation solution method developed by Kari Lehtinen, wherein particles exist only at nodes, as opposed to continuous bins in the sectional method. The results have been tested by comparison where simple analytical solutions are available, and are shown to be in excellent agreement. By example we apply the model to the formation and growth of Aluminum particles. The important features of the model are that it is simple to comprehend; the software, which we call nodal GDE solver (NGDE), is relatively compact; and the code is well documented internally, so that users may apply it to their specific needs or make modifications as required. The C files mentioned in this article are available online at http://taylorandfrancis.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=journal&issn=0278-6826. To access this file, click on the link for this issue, then select this article. In order to access the full article online, you must either have an institutional subscription or a member subscription accessed through www.aaar.org.
Mixing and Polymer Performance in Sludge Dewatering (1986)

A biofilm reactor, termed the support-aerated biofilm (SAB), was developed in which oxygen was supplied to the interior of the biofilm through a permeable membrane. The reactor was tested on filtered sewage supplemented with nutrient broth; the bulk solution was anoxic and the interior of the biofilm was supplied with pure oxygen. A non-steady state biofilm developed and all tests were completed when the depth was approximately 1 mm. Mass balances on total organic carbon, ammonia, organic nitrogen, and nitrate showed that combined heterotrophic oxidation of organics, denitrification, and nitrification occurred simultaneously within the biofilm.
Interaction of nitrogen and oxygen with C60 (1992)

V. Vijayakrishnan, A. K. Santra, T. Pradeep, R. Seshadri, R. Nagarajan and C. N. R. Rao, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1992, 198 DOI: 10.1039/C39920000198
Long Term Treatment With Luteinising Hormone Releasing Hormone Agonists and Maintenance of Serum Testosterone to Castration Concentrations (1986)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Jun 1986Long Term Treatment With Luteinising Hormone Releasing Hormone Agonists and Maintenance of Serum Testosterone to Castration Concentrations F. Labrie, A. Dupont, A. Belanger, R. Lachance, and M. Giguere F. LabrieF. Labrie More articles by this author , A. DupontA. Dupont More articles by this author , A. BelangerA. Belanger More articles by this author , R. LachanceR. Lachance More articles by this author , and M. GiguereM. Giguere More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)46100-3AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Long Term Treatment With Luteinising Hormone Releasing Hormone Agonists and Maintenance of Serum Testosterone to Castration Concentrations." The Journal of Urology, 135(6), p. 1339 © 1986 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 135 Issue 6 June 1986 Page: 1339 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1986 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.Metrics Author Information F. Labrie More articles by this author A. Dupont More articles by this author A. Belanger More articles by this author R. Lachance More articles by this author M. Giguere More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Development of a Compact CO 2 Instrument for Small Aerial Platforms (2019)

High accuracy CO 2 instrumentation for airborne platforms would bridge the gap between land and satellite measurements. Here we present ongoing work on a novel temperature and pressure compensated sensor for measuring dry-air corrected CO 2 concentrations. © 2019 The Author(s)
Restoration of bilinearly distorted images: II Bayesian method (1983)

Bayesian estimation methods are applied to the problem of restoring a distorted noisy image. The distortion system is assumed bilinear, i.e., quadratic and with nonzero spread. Noise is Gaussian, additive, and signal independent. An algorithm for determining the maximum a posteriori probability restored image is determined by using the steepest-ascent method. Results are applied to one- and two-dimensional images in a partially coherent diffraction-limited system, and the effect of coherence and noise on image restorability is assessed.
Metamaterials you can talk to: Speech recognition with elastic neural networks (2022)

To detect spoken commands, smart devices (for example, a speaker with Alexa or Siri) continuously convert acoustic waves to electronic signals, translate them into the digital domain, and analyze them in a signal processor. Each of these steps constantly consumes energy, imposing the need for tethered operation or large batteries. We propose to solve this problem using elastic neural networks, metamaterials consisting of arrays of coupled (potentially nonlinear) resonators. The frequencies and couplings of the resonators are optimized to maximise the speech classification accuracy (energy transmitted when excited with one word but not another). Even in purely linear metastructures, we observe binary classification accuracies exceeding 90% for a large number of pairs of words. This is demonstrated on a dataset from a large and diverse group of speakers. To attain these results, we have developed refined modelling techniques involving localised oscillations and machine learning. A unique feature of metamaterial-based speech processing is that speech classification is entirely passive, requiring no external energy. This is possible due to the very low energy dissipation of elastic waves.
Carrier leakage via interface-roughness scattering bridges gap between theoretical and experimental internal efficiencies of quantum cascade lasers (2020)

When conventionally calculating carrier leakage for state-of-the-art quantum cascade lasers (QCLs), that is, LO-phonon-assisted leakage from the upper laser level via electron thermal excitation to high-energy active-region (AR) states, followed by relaxation to low-energy AR states, ∼18%-wide gaps were recently found between calculated and experimentally measured internal efficiency values. We incorporate elastic scattering [i.e., interface-roughness (IFR) and alloy-disorder scattering] into the carrier-leakage process and consider carrier leakage from key injector states as well. In addition, the expressions for LO-phonon and IFR-triggered carrier-leakage currents take into account the large percentage of thermally excited electrons that return back to initial states via both inelastic and elastic scattering. As a result, we find that the gaps between theoretical and experimental internal efficiency values are essentially bridged. Another finding is that, for the investigated state-of-the-art structures, IFR scattering causes the total carrier leakage to reach values as much as an order of magnitude higher than conventional inelastic scattering-only leakage. The developed formalism opens the way to significantly increase the internal efficiency (i.e., to more than 80%) via IFR-scattering engineering, such that maximum wall-plug efficiencies close to projected fundamental, both-facets values (e.g., 42% at λ = 4.6 μm) can be achieved. By employing this formalism, we reached a 4.6 μm-emitting-QCL preliminary design for suppressing IFR-triggered carrier leakage, which provides an internal efficiency of 86% as well as a projected single-facet wall-plug efficiency value of 36% at a heatsink temperature of 300 K.
Future Cloud Systems Design: Challenges and Research Directions (2018)

Cloud computing has been recognized as the de facto utility computing standard for hosting and delivering services over the Internet. Cloud platforms are being rapidly adopted by business owners and end-users thanks to its many benefits to traditional computing models such as cost saving, scalability, unlimited storage, anytime anywhere access, better security, and high fault-tolerance capability. However, despite the fact that clouds offer huge opportunities and services to the industry, the landscape of cloud computing research is evolving for several reasons, such as emerging data-intensive applications, multicloud deployment models, and more strict non-functional requirements on cloud-based services. In this paper, we develop a comprehensive taxonomy of main cloud computing research areas, discuss state-of-the-art approaches for each area and the associated sub-areas, and highlight the challenges and future directions per research area. The survey framework, presented in this paper, provides useful insights and outlook for the cloud computing research and development, allows broader understanding of the design challenges of cloud computing, and sheds light on the future of this fast-growing utility computing paradigm.
Magnetic and transport properties of epitaxial Fe/V(001) superlattice films (1996)

Single-crystalline Fe(15 ML)/V (1--12 ML) superlattices, epitaxially grown in the (001) direction, have been investigated using magnetization and electrical transport measurements. For all V thicknesses the system exhibits ferromagnetic properties. Results from magnetization and hysteresis measurements with the field applied in different directions confirm that the superlattice is well defined, the interface roughness is small, and the crystallinity of the samples is good. A clear influence of the V thickness, due to strain effects, on the in-plane magnetic anisotropy is found. Resistivity measurements show that the samples exhibit anisotropic magnetoresistive (AMR) properties with a strong dependence of the V thickness on the magnitude of the AMR. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Critical Residues Influence the Affinity and Selectivity of α-Conotoxin MI for Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors (1999)

The mammalian skeletal muscle acetylcholine receptor contains two nonequivalent acetylcholine binding sites, one each at the alpha/delta and alpha/gamma subunit interfaces. Alpha-Conotoxin MI, a 14-amino acid competitive antagonist, binds at both interfaces but has approximately 10(4) higher affinity for the alpha/delta site. We performed an "alanine walk" to identify the residues in alpha-MI that contribute to this selective interaction with the alpha/delta site. Electrophysiological measurements with Xenopus oocytes expressing normal receptors or receptors lacking either the gamma or delta subunit were made to assay toxin-receptor interaction. Alanine substitutions in most amino acid positions had only modest effects on toxin potency at either binding site. However, substitutions in two positions, proline-6 and tyrosine-12, dramatically reduced toxin potency at the high-affinity alpha/delta site while having comparatively little effect on low-affinity alpha/gamma binding. When tyrosine-12 was replaced by alanine, the toxin's selectivity for the high-affinity site (relative to that for the low-affinity site) was reduced from 45,000- to 30-fold. A series of additional amino acid substitutions in this position showed that increasing side chain size/hydrophobicity increases toxin potency at the alpha/delta site without affecting alpha/gamma binding. In contrast, when tyrosine-12 is diiodinated, toxin binding is nearly irreversible at the alpha/delta site but also increases by approximately 500-fold at the alpha/gamma site. The effects of position 12 substitutions are accounted for almost entirely by changes in the rate of toxin dissociation from the high-affinity alpha/delta binding site.
Moving from Empirical to Rational Vaccine Design in the ‘Omics’ Era (2019)

An ideal vaccine provides long lasting protection against a pathogen by eliciting a well-rounded immune response which engages both innate and adaptive immunity. However, we have a limited understanding of how components of innate immunity, antibody and cell-mediated adaptive immunity interact and function together at a systems level. With advances in high-throughput 'Omics' methodologies it has become possible to capture global changes in the host, at a cellular and molecular level, that are induced by vaccination and infection. Analysis of these datasets has shown the promise of discovering mechanisms behind vaccine mediated protection, immunological memory, adverse effects as well as development of more efficient antigens and adjuvants. In this review, we will discuss how systems vaccinology takes advantage of new technology platforms and big data analysis, to enable the rational development of better vaccines.
Location specificity in perceptual learning: A revisit (2010)

Perceptual learning (PL) is specific to the practiced retinal location, a signature property in many PL tasks. We investigated this signature with a contrast discrimination learning task. Contrast learning for a V-Gabor in the lower-right quadrant (Lower-Loc) of the visual field was not transferred to the upper-right quadrant (Upper-Loc) for the same V-Gabor, replicating location specificity. However, simultaneous training of a V-Gabor in Lower-Loc and a H-Gabor in Upper-Loc greatly improved contrast discrimination of a V-Gabor in Upper-Loc. To separate the contributions of Lower-Loc V-Gabor training and Upper-Loc H-Gabor training, we conducted (a) Lower-Loc V-Gabor training followed by Upper-Loc H-Gabor training and (b) same training in a reversed order. In (a) initial Lower-Loc V-Gabor training had little effect on Upper-Loc V-Gabor discrimination, but later Upper-Loc H-Gabor training greatly improved Upper-Loc V-Gabor discrimination. In (b) initial Upper-Loc H-Gabor training also greatly improved Upper-Loc V-Gabor discrimination, but later Lower-Loc V-Gabor training further improved Upper-Loc V-Gabor discrimination. These data indicated that improved Upper-Loc V-Gabor discrimination mainly depended on training in the same retinal location, even with an orthogonal stimulus. However, after a location had been trained or sensitized, learning of the same stimulus in a different location could then be transferred to the sensitized location. A control experiment demonstrated that even simultaneous training of V-Gabor contrast discrimination in Lower-Loc and 45°-Gabor orientation discrimination, which was a completely different task, in Upper-Loc also greatly improved Upper-Loc V-Gabor contrast discrimination, indicating that training-induced location sensitization might be task unspecific. We conclude that PL might include a location-specific but stimulus-or-task-unspecific process, and a stimulus-specific but location-unspecific process. Contrast learning in the periphery is mainly determined by location specific training of probably any task. In a less degree it is also affected by location-unspecific stimulus training, provided that the target location has been sensitized.
McmA‐dependent and ‐independent regulatory systems governing expression of ClrB‐regulated cellulase and hemicellulase genes in Aspergillus nidulans (2016)

Fungal cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic enzymes are promising tools for industrial hydrolysis of cellulosic biomass; however, the regulatory network underlying their production is not well understood. The recent discovery of the transcriptional activators ClrB and McmA in Aspergillus nidulans implied a novel regulatory mechanism driven by their interaction, experimental evidence for which was obtained from transcriptional and DNA-binding analyses in this study. It was found that ClrB was essential for induced expression of all the genes examined in this study, while McmA dependency of their expression was gene-dependent. DNA-binding studies revealed McmA assisted in the recruitment of ClrB to the cellulose-responsive element (CeRE) in the promoters of eglA and eglB, expression of which was significantly reduced in the mcmA mutant. The CCG triplet within the CeRE served as the recognition sequence for the ClrB monomer. In contrast, ClrB did not require McmA for binding as a homodimer to the CGGN<sub>8</sub> CCG sequences in the promoter of mndB, expression of which was affected less in the mcmA mutant than in all other examined genes. Thus, there are two types of ClrB-mediated regulation: McmA-assisted and McmA-independent. This novel McmA-ClrB synergistic system provides new insights into the complex regulatory network involved in cellulase and hemicellulase production.
A primary-backup channel approach to dependable real-time communication in multihop networks (1998)

Many applications require communication services with guaranteed timeliness and fault tolerance at an acceptable level of overhead. We present a scheme for restoring real-time channels, each with guaranteed timeliness, from component failures in multihop networks. To ensure fast/guaranteed recovery, backup channels are set up a priori, in addition to each primary channel. That is, a dependable real-time connection consists of a primary channel and one or more backup channels. If a primary channel fails, one of its backup channels is activated to become a new primary channel. We propose a protocol which provides an Integrated solution for dependable real-time communication in multihop networks. We also present a resource sharing method that significantly reduces the overhead of backup channels. Good coverage (in recovering from failures) is shown to be achievable with about 30 percent degradation in network utilization under a reasonable failure condition. Moreover, the fault tolerance level of each dependable connection can be controlled, independently of other connections, to reflect its criticality.
Vibrational relaxation in jet-cooled phenoxyalkanes (1981)

Results of vibrational relaxation of phenoxyalkanes is presented.(AIP)
Zeolite micropattern for biological applications (2005)

A facile method was established using composition-gradient pattern on zeolite surface to guide the deposition and formation of chemical and biomolecular patterns with features as small as five microns.
Supplemental Figure S3 from Guidance Molecule SEMA3A Restricts Tumor Growth by Differentially Regulating the Proliferation of Tumor-Associated Macrophages (2023)

&lt;p&gt;INCREASED ACCUMULATION OF LYMPHOCYTES IN SEMA3A TUMORS.&lt;/p&gt;