gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pancreaticobiliary secretion of zinc and copper in normal persons and patients with Wilson's disease. (1990)

The objectives of this study were (1) to examine basal and cholecystokinin-stimulated pancreaticobiliary secretion of zinc in normal subjects with zinc-adequate and zinc-deficient diets, and (2) to investigate whether basal and stimulated secretion of zinc was abnormal in patients with Wilson's disease before and after zinc therapy. Gastroduodenal intubation was performed in six healthy subjects and five patients with Wilson's disease. After intravenous infusion of octapeptide of cholecystokinin (40 ng/kg/hr) the pancreaticobiliary secretion of zinc increased from a basal rate of 283.1 +/- 75.8 nmol/L/min to a peak of 716.6 +/- 175.3 nmol/L/min in normal subjects. Normal subjects with a zinc-deficient diet had both lower basal (66.8 +/- 15.8 nmol/L/min) and stimulated (559.5 +/- 31 nmol/L/min) pancreaticobiliary secretion of zinc than with a zinc-sufficient diet. In contrast to the markedly reduced pancreaticobiliary secretion of copper, patients with Wilson's disease not treated with zinc had normal basal (226.6 +/- 126 nmol/L/min) and stimulated (728.7 +/- 195.5 nmol/L/min) zinc secretion. These studies indicate that a considerable amount of zinc is being secreted in pancreaticobiliary fluid in healthy subjects and there was no impairment of zinc secretion in patients with Wilson's disease. Our data also indicate that pancreaticobiliary secretion of zinc is dependent on the zinc status of the subjects, suggesting that endogenous secretion of zinc may play a significant role in the homeostasis of zinc.
Ranking Approach to Compact Text Representation for Personal Digital Assistants (2018)

Personal digital assistants must display the output from the speech recognizer in a compact and readable representation. The process of transforming sequences from spoken words to written text is called inverse text normalization (ITN). In this paper, we present a ranking based approach to ITN that incorporates predicative information from various neural-net LSTM and n-gram models to select the best written text to display. Our approach ranks the written text candidates, generated by applying weighted FSTs to the spoken words, using a gradient boosted decision tree ensemble (GBDT). The ranker achieves a 18.48% relative reduction in word error rate over an unweighted FST system. Further, our two-stage approach allows us to decouple speech recognition from ITN and gives us greater flexibility in system configuration, since the written-form can vary by domain.
Particle trapping in 3-D using a single fiber probe with an annular light distribution (2003)

A single optical fiber probe has been used to trap a solid 2 ìm diameter glass bead in 3-D in water. Optical confinement in 2-D was produced by the annular light distribution emerging from a selectively chemically etched, tapered, hollow tipped metalized fiber probe. Confinement of the bead in 3-D was achieved by balancing an electrostatic force of attraction towards the tip and the optical scattering force pushing the particle away from the tip.
Assembly of Nanoparticles in Zeolite Y for the Photocatalytic Generation of Hydrogen from Water (2011)

Synthesis of nanoparticles of TiO2, Pt, CdS, and their binary and ternary combinations were made on zeolite Y starting from molecular precursors that are ion exchanged into the zeolite. Nanoclusters of TiO2 in the anatase form were formed from titanyl ions at low loadings of Ti (1 per 2.5 supercages). CdS (hexagonal form) and metallic Pt were formed from Cd2+ and Pt(NH3)42+ ion exchanged into the zeolite. Binary clusters of TiO2−Pt and TiO2−CdS were also synthesized. Electron microscopy and elemental analysis suggests colocalization of the distinct nanoparticles. Photocatalytic H2 evolution is the strongest indicator of colocalization, since improvements in H2 evolution rates of ∼100 for Pt/TiO2-zeolite over TiO2-zeolite and ∼18 for CDS/TiO2-zeolite Y over CdS-zeolite Y were observed. These improvements exceed colloidal binary systems reported in the literature. However, improvements in the H2 evolution rate of the ternary system Pt/CdS/TiO2 was not as marked, as compared to the best colloidal ternary systems reported in the literature. A model is proposed that explains the colocalization of nanoparticles, mediated by the zeolite via a self-assembly process. This model also explains why the ternary system is not optimal; since the Pt needs to be associated only with TiO2 for best H2 evolution, and the zeolite-based assembly promotes a statistical colocalization of the three nanoparticles.
Comparison of hydrophone phase response obtained via time delay spectrometry measurement and Hilbert transformation (2012)

If a hydrophone's sensitivity varies appreciably with frequency, its response must be deconvolved with the measured hydrophone signal for accurate pressure measurements. For deconvolution, the phase response of the hydrophone must be known. We examine the hypothesis that hydrophones behave as minimum phase systems, in which case the phase response can be calculated from the amplitude response via Hilbert transformation. The relative amplitude and phase responses of several types of hydrophones were measured via time delay spectrometry. One hydrophone was a piezo-ceramic needle designed for high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) applications. The phase response of one of the hydrophones was calibrated independently by a national standards laboratory. This reference hydrophone was used to compute the absolute amplitude and phase responses of the other hydrophones. Over the 5-18 MHz frequency range studied, there was no significant difference between the measured and Hilbert-transform-calculated phase responses for the several hydrophone types considered. Thus, this data supports the hypothesis that many types of hydrophones behave as minimum phase systems, permitting the phase response to be obtained directly from a measurement of the amplitude response.
Fast Fourier Transform and Its Applications (2001)

This chapter contains sections titled: Discrete Fourier Transform Fast Fourier Transforms Applications Implementation Considerations Experiments Using the TMS320C55x References Exercises
<title>A scoring methodology for quantitatively evaluating the quality of double patterning technology-compliant layouts</title> (2012)

A Double Patterning Technology (DPT)-aware scoring methodology that systematically quantifies the quality of DPTcompliant layout designs is described. The methodology evaluates layouts based on a set of DPT-specific metrics that characterizes layout-induced process variation. Specific metrics include: the spacing variability between two adjacent oppositely-colored features, the density differences between the two exposure masks, and the stitching area's sensitivity to mask misalignment. These metrics are abstracted to a scoring scale from 0 to 1 such that 1 is the optimum. This methodology provides guidance for opportunistic layout modifications so that DPT manufacturability-related issues are mitigated earlier in design. Results show that by using this methodology, a DPT-compliant layout improved from a composite score of 0.66 and 0.78 by merely changing the decomposition solution so that the density distribution between the two exposure masks is relatively equal.
Continuous Polymerizations in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide:  Chain-Growth Precipitation Polymerizations (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTContinuous Polymerizations in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide: Chain-Growth Precipitation PolymerizationsP. A. Charpentier, K. A. Kennedy, J. M. DeSimone, and G. W. RobertsView Author Information Department of Chemical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Box #7095, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905, and Department of Chemistry, University of North CarolinaChapel Hill, Venable and Kenan Laboratories, CB#3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 Cite this: Macromolecules 1999, 32, 18, 5973–5975Publication Date (Web):August 12, 1999Publication History Received12 March 1999Published online12 August 1999Published inissue 1 September 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma990377thttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma990377trapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views371Altmetric-Citations69LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Gel permeation chromatography,Monomers,Polymerization,Polymers,Precipitation Get e-Alerts
Nuclear Fluorination of 2,4‐Diarylthiazoles with Accufluor®. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Electrochemically Controlled Conductance Switching in a Single Molecule: Quinone-Modified Oligo(phenylene vinylene) (2008)

Reversible conductance switching in single quinone-oligo(phenylene vinylene) (Q-OPV) molecules was demonstrated using electrochemical STM. The switching was achieved by application of electrochemical potential to the substrate supporting the molecule. The ratio of conductances between the high- and low-conductivity states is over 40. The high-conductivity state is ascribed to strong electron delocalization of the fully conjugated hydroquinone-OPV structure, whereas the low-conductivity state is characterized by disruption of electron delocalization in the quinone-OPV structure.
Erratum to: “Therapeutic effect of MBP immunodominant peptides encapsulated in nanovehicles in the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in DA rats” (2012)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a severe autoimmune neurodegenerative disease. It attacks mainly young people. The development of new approaches to MS treatment is a challenge to modern immunology and pharmacology. In the present study, a high therapeutic efficacy of immunodominant peptides of myelin basic protein (MBP) incorporated into unilamellar mannosylated liposomes in the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is demonstrated in DA rats. MBP is a component of the oligodendrocyte membrane, which forms the axonal sheath. This protein is among the major autoantigens in MS. We have analyzed the binding pattern of anti-MBP autoantibodies from MS patients using a previously designed MBP epitope library. Utilizing the same approach, we have investigated the pool of anti-MBP antibodies from SJL/J and C57BL/6mice and DA rats with EAE. According to the autoantibody binding patterns, the rodent model most closely mimicking MS is EAE in DA rats. We have chosen three immunodominant MBP fragments encapsulated in unilamellar mannosylated liposomes for the treatment of the verified DA rodent model. MBP fragment 46–62 is the most efficient in mitigating the first EAE attack, whereas MBP 124–139 and 147–160 inhibit the development of pathology at the regression stage. Simultaneous administration of these peptides in liposomes significantly reduces the level of antibodies against MBP. The synergistic therapeutic effect of MBP fragments reduces the integral disease score by inhibiting the first EAE attack and mitigating the subsequent relapse. Thus, our findings offer new opportunities for the efficient treatment of multiple sclerosis.
Novel methodologies for the synthesis of functionalized pyroglutamates (2011)

Alkylation of amino-acid derived iminoesters with Baylis-Hillman (BH) template based allyl bromides furnished α-methylene-β-substituted-pyroglutamates, while the corresponding alkylation with BH derived allylic acetates provided α-alkylidene-pyroglutamates. These methodologies have been applied in the synthesis of fused [3.2.0]-γ-lactam-β-lactones.
Hydrophilic Monomethyl Auristatin E Derivatives as Novel Candidates for the Design of Antibody-Drug Conjugates (2018)

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are promising state-of-the-art biopharmaceutical drugs for selective drug-delivery applications and the treatment of diseases such as cancer. The idea behind the ADC technology is remarkable as it combines the highly selective targeting capacity of monoclonal antibodies with the cancer-killing ability of potent cytotoxic agents. The continuous development of improved ADCs requires systematic studies on the nature and effects of warhead modification. Recently, we focused on the hydrophilic modification of monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE), the most widely used cytotoxic agent in current clinical trial ADCs. Herein, we report on the use of micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) for studying the hydrophobic character of modified MMAE derivatives. Our data reveal a connection between the hydrophobicity of the modified warheads as free molecules and their cytotoxic activity. In addition, MMAE-trastuzumab ADCs were constructed and evaluated in preliminary cytotoxic assays.
Effects of Slope and Underlay on Surface Runoff of Irrigation from Woven Polypropylene Groundcloth (2005)

Woven polypropylene groundcloth is used extensively in plant nurseries as a permeable and durable surface for container plant production. To better understand the fate of overhead sprinkler irrigation water, we designed and constructed runoff platforms (2.7 m 2 ) to measure runoff and leachate from single irrigation events as affected by slope and underlay substrates. Groundcloth-covered platforms at slopes of 1.5% and 11% were tested with each of five underlay treatments: no underlay, coarse sand, 50% coarse sand and 50% no underlay (CS50), gravel, and native sandy soil. We applied 0.9 cm of irrigation at 1.8 cm·h -1 and determined runoff and leachate volumes. Runoff percentage [runoff × 100%/(runoff + leachate)] increased at the 11% slope for each underlay treatment. Mean (n = 10) runoff percentages (RP) for the 1.5% and 11% slopes were 0.5% and 15.7%, respectively, for no underlay, 0.1% and 1.1% for coarse sand, 0.1% and 0.7% for CS50, 0.7% and 2.5% for gravel, and 0.1% and 3.1% for native sandy soil. The low RP observed indicate that a high percentage of nutrients and agrichemicals associated with container leachate would move into the underlying substrate or soil rather than directly running off into surface waters.
Searching for people on Web search engines (2004)

The Web is a communication and information technology that is often used for the distribution and retrieval of personal information. Many people and organizations mount Web sites containing large amounts of information on individuals, particularly about celebrities. However, limited studies have examined how people search for information on other people, using personal names, via Web search engines. Explores the nature of personal name searching on Web search engines. The specific research questions addressed in the study are: “Do personal names form a major part of queries to Web search engines?”; “What are the characteristics of personal name Web searching?”; and “How effective is personal name Web searching?”. Random samples of queries from two Web search engines were analyzed. The findings show that: personal name searching is a common but not a major part of Web searching with few people seeking information on celebrities via Web search engines; few personal name queries include double quotations or additional identifying terms; and name searches on Alta Vista included more advanced search features relative to those on AlltheWeb.com. Discusses the implications of the findings for Web searching and search engines, and further research.
Diastereoselective Synthesis of Cyclopropane Amino Acids Using Diazo Compounds Generated in situ. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Data from Synergistic Myeloma Cell Death via Novel Intracellular Activation of Caspase-10–Dependent Apoptosis by Carfilzomib and Selinexor (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Exportin1 (XPO1; also known as chromosome maintenance region 1, or CRM1) controls nucleo-cytoplasmic transport of most tumor suppressors and is overexpressed in many cancers, including multiple myeloma, functionally impairing tumor suppressive function via target mislocalization. Selective inhibitor of nuclear export (SINE) compounds block XPO1-mediated nuclear escape by disrupting cargo protein binding, leading to retention of tumor suppressors, induction of cancer cell death, and sensitization to other drugs. Combined treatment with the clinical stage SINE compound selinexor and the irreversible proteasome inhibitor (PI) carfilzomib induced synergistic cell death of myeloma cell lines and primary plasma cells derived from relapsing/refractory myeloma patients and completely impaired the growth of myeloma cell line–derived tumors in mice. Investigating the details of SINE/PI-induced cell death revealed (i) reduced Bcl-2 expression and cleavage and inactivation of Akt, two prosurvival regulators of apoptosis and autophagy; (ii) intracellular membrane-associated aggregation of active caspases, which depended on caspase-10 protease activity; and (iii) novel association of caspase-10 and autophagy-associated proteins p62 and LC3 II, which may prime activation of the caspase cascade. Overall, our findings provide novel mechanistic rationale behind the potent cell death induced by combining selinexor with carfilzomib and support their use in the treatment of relapsed/refractory myeloma and potentially other cancers. &lt;i&gt;Mol Cancer Ther; 15(1); 60–71. ©2015 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Stability of Algorithms for Electro-MagneticTransient Simulation of Networks with Switches and Non-linear Inductors (2020)

This paper extends the analysis of the stability of electromagnetic transient simulation algorithms to non-linear systems with switching elements and non-linear inductor branches. A theoretical analysis based on common quadratic Lyapunov function (CQLF) theory is used to investigate the stability of numerical algorithms for the simulation of lumped strictly passive switched circuits (LSPSC). It is proved that only when certain fundamental physical properties, i.e., passivity and invariance of Lyapunov energy function are satisfied, does the widely used trapezoidal method result in stable simulations of such networks for any time-step size. This is different from the simulation of linear time invariant (LTI) systems where any real world stable system has a stable simulation if an A-stable integration method (e.g., trapezoidal rule) is used. Subsequently, it is shown that the problem of simulating a piecewise linear inductor can be equivalent to simulating a LSPSC; and ergo its simulation with the trapezoidal rule is also stable.
Letters (2013)

Phillips, Frank M. MD; Andersson, Gunnar MD, PhD; Slosar, Paul J. MD; Youssef, Jim A. MD Author Information
Review of the key milestones in the development of critical dimension small angle x-ray scattering at National Institute of Standards and Technology (2023)

An x-ray scattering based metrology was conceived over 20 years ago as part of a collaboration between National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) to evaluate the performance of lithographic patterning materials for the semiconductor industry. This methodology treated a periodic array of lithographic structures as a diffraction grating and focused on extracting the physical dimensions of the structures in the grating by analyzing the diffraction patterns. In the early stages of the work the focus was on developing the transmission small-angle x-ray scattering (tSAXS) as a metrology tool to measure the critical dimensions (CD) of the lithographic features vital to the integrated circuit chip fabrication. Later, the focus shifted to include grazing incident small-angle x-ray scattering and x-ray reflectivity as parts of the CD metrology tool due to their unique capabilities. Frequently the term critical dimension small-angle x-ray scattering (CDSAXS) has been used as a synonym for the metrology of using tSAXS for CD measurements without mentioning transmission. Various milestones in the CDSAXS development are reviewed in this article together with some prospects regarding the future growth of x-ray-based metrology for complex three-dimensional nanostructures important to semiconductor industries.
A Microstructural View of Burrowing with RoboClam (2015)

RoboClam is a burrowing technology inspired by Ensis directus, the Atlantic razor clam. Atlantic razor clams should only be strong enough to dig a few centimeters into the soil, yet they burrow to over 70 cm. The animal uses a clever trick to achieve this: by contracting its body, it agitates and locally fluidizes the soil, reducing the drag and energetic cost of burrowing. RoboClam technology, which is based on the digging mechanics of razor clams, may be valuable for subsea applications that could benefit from efficient burrowing, such as anchoring, mine detonation, and cable laying. We directly visualize the movement of soil grains during the contraction of RoboClam, using a novel index-matching technique along with particle tracking. We show that the size of the failure zone around contracting RoboClam, can be theoretically predicted from the substrate and pore fluid properties, provided that the timescale of contraction is sufficiently large. We also show that the nonaffine motions of the grains are a small fraction of the motion within the fluidized zone, affirming the relevance of a continuum model for this system, even though the grain size is comparable to the size of RoboClam.