gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hypernym discovery based on distributional similarity and hierarchical structures (2009)

This paper presents a new method of developing a large-scale hyponymy relation database by combining Wikipedia and other Web documents. We attach new words to the hyponymy database extracted from Wikipedia by using distributional similarity calculated from documents on the Web. For a given target word, our algorithm first finds k similar words from the Wikipedia database. Then, the hypernyms of these k similar words are assigned scores by considering the distributional similarities and hierarchical distances in the Wikipedia database. Finally, new hyponymy relations are output according to the scores. In this paper, we tested two distributional similarities. One is based on raw verb-noun dependencies (which we call "RVD"), and the other is based on a large-scale clustering of verb-noun dependencies (called "CVD"). Our method achieved an attachment accuracy of 91.0% for the top 10,000 relations, and an attachment accuracy of 74.5% for the top 100,000 relations when using CVD. This was a far better outcome compared to the other baseline approaches. Excluding the region that had very high scores, CVD was found to be more effective than RVD. We also confirmed that most relations extracted by our method cannot be extracted merely by applying the well-known lexico-syntactic patterns to Web documents.
Progress Towards an Arbitrarily High-Order, Unstructured, Free-Wake Panel Solver (2013)

A high-order panel code capable of solving the potential flow equation about arbitrary curved geometries is presented. A new method for integrating curved, high-order panels using adaptive Gaussian quadrature is detailed. Furthermore, automated wake handling is addressed and a method to robustly solve for the steady-state free-wake rollup is proposed. Finally, a Fast Multipole Method with a complexity that scales as O(N) is also presented so that large problems can be handled using only a linear mesh. Results are presented to demonstrate high order accuracy and agreement with other inviscid solvers for a variety of test cases.
Wireless Power Transfer to Millimeter-Sized Gastrointestinal Electronics Validated in a Swine Model (2017)

Electronic devices placed in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract for prolonged periods have the potential to transform clinical evaluation and treatment. One challenge to the deployment of such gastroresident electronics is the difficulty in powering millimeter-sized electronics devices without using batteries, which compromise biocompatibility and long-term residence. We examined the feasibility of leveraging mid-field wireless powering to transfer power from outside of the body to electronics at various locations along the GI tract. Using simulations and ex vivo measurements, we designed mid-field antennas capable of operating efficiently in tissue at 1.2 GHz. These antennas were then characterized in vivo in five anesthetized pigs, by placing one antenna outside the body, and the other antenna inside the body endoscopically, at the esophagus, stomach, and colon. Across the animals tested, mean transmission efficiencies of -41.2, -36.1, and -34.6 dB were achieved in vivo while coupling power from outside the body to the esophagus, stomach, and colon, respectively. This corresponds to power levels of 37.5 μW, 123 μW and 173 μW received by antennas in the respective locations, while keeping radiation exposure levels below safety thresholds. These power levels are sufficient to wirelessly power a range of medical devices from outside of the body.
Electrospray-Differential Mobility Hyphenated with Single Particle Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry for Characterization of Nanoparticles and Their Aggregates (2016)

The novel hyphenation of electrospray-differential mobility analysis with single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ES-DMA-spICPMS) was demonstrated with the capacity for real-time size, mass, and concentration measurement of nanoparticles (NPs) on a particle-to-particle basis. In this proof-of-concept study, the feasibility of this technique was validated through both concentration and mass calibration using NIST gold NP reference materials. A detection limit of 10(5) NPs mL(-1) was determined under current experimental conditions, which is about 4 orders of magnitude lower in comparison to that of a traditional ES-DMA setup using a condensation particle counter as detector. Furthermore, independent and simultaneous quantification of both size and mass of NPs provides information regarding NP aggregation states. Two demonstrative applications include gold NP mixtures with a broad size range (30-100 nm), and aggregated gold NPs with a primary size of 40 nm. Finally, this technique was shown to be potentially useful for real-world samples with high ionic background due to its ability to remove dissolved ions yielding a cleaner background. Overall, we demonstrate the capacity of this new hyphenated technique for (1) clearly resolving NP populations from a mixture containing a broad size range; (2) accurately measuring a linear relationship, which should inherently exist between mobility size and one-third power of ICPMS mass for spherical NPs; (3) quantifying the early stage propagation of NP aggregation with well-characterized oligomers; and (4) differentiating aggregated NPs and nonaggregated states based on the "apparent density" derived from both DMA size and spICPMS mass.
Partial softening heat treatment of aluminum alloy sheets using the heat transfer between metals (2004)

Partial softening heat treatment of aluminum alloy sheets was investigated using heat transfer between the sheet and a couple of heated metal dies to prepare a peripherally softening blank for deep drawing. It was found, from the heat conduction analysis, that the aluminum blank could be heated to the temperature of the heated dies by contacting with them in less than 1 s and the temperature gradient more than 20 degrees/mm could be obtained near the contacting region. The temperature of the sheet contacted with the heated dies depends on heat transfer from the heated dies and the temperature recovery of their surfaces. Production of the peripherally softening blanks was examined for 5052-H24, 1100-H24 and 6061-T6 aluminum alloy sheets. In the blank of 6061 aluminum alloy sheets, the difference in hardness of the central hard part and the peripheral soft part was about 1.8 times. The softening region was changeable according to inner diameters of the heated dies.
Evolution of the viscosity of mixed organically modified silane sols for the preparation of organic-inorganic monolithic glass (1995)

Organically modified silanes (OMSs) are widely used as starting compounds for the synthesis of organic-inorganic hybrid materials in different shapes by sol-gel processing. The viscosity behaviour of the sols plays an important role in the structures and properties of the final products. In the present work, we report on the effect of composition, starting compounds and additives on the viscosity evolution of mixed organically modified silane sols and thereby on the feasability of formation of organic-inorganic glass monoliths from these sols. The experimental results demonstrate that the viscosity increase of the CH3-Si(OCH3)3-CH2(O)CHO(CH2)3Si(OCH3)3 (MG) sols is much faster than the C3H3-Si(OCH3)3-CH2(O)CHO(CH2)3Si(OCH3)3 (PG) sols and the base additives are far more effective th the MG sols than to the PG sols. The viscosity-determining silane is CH3-Si(OCH3)3 (MTMS) in the MG system whereas it is CH2(O)CH=(CH2)3Si(OCH3)3 (GPTMS) in the PG system. The possibility of forming monolithic gels by a perforation method is closely related to the viscosity behaviour of the sols. Utilization of C2H5-Si(OCH3)3 (ETMS) in replacement of M or P leads to a moderate gelling time and better capability of foring glass monoliths.
INFERRING SUBSURFACE MORPHOLOGY FROM TRANSIENT SOIL MOISTURE PATTERNS USING ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY (2003)

A nonintrusive survey method was developed that examined the relationships among spatial and temporalvariations of soil water content, soil texture, and bulk electrical conductivity (ECa) in a 7.5 ha research watershed insouthwestern Tennessee. Our goal was to identify areas that may exhibit rapid movement of subsurface moisture, as this isa precursor of offsite agrochemical migration. The survey protocol identified similar and dissimilar temporal variations inECa patterns. Repeated spatial measurements of ECa, starting at near field capacity and then progressing through the drainingand drying process, supplied visually shifting ECa patterns that correspond to dynamic soil moisture variations andsubsurface morphology transitions. We noted that spatial ECa patterns for a field remained somewhat analogous across datagathering events, shifting in relative amplitude along with seasonal moisture levels. For this study, we considered soilmorphology constant over the short data acquisition interval, with shortterm subsurface moisture variations as theparameter primarily influencing ECa changes. We inferred soil morphology as the major factor for ECa pattern similarityacross time. Followup soil coring analysis along two separate lowtohigh ECa transects supported this assumption for thissite.
Circulation Control Applied to a High Speed Helicopter Rotor (1977)

An advanced circulation control rotor concept identified as the Reverse Blowing-Circulation Control Rotor (RB-CCR) is discussed from the standpoint of general requirements for high speed flight. This discussion centers on a rotor solidity ratio compromise between hover, transition and cruise requirements. It is shown that the critical solidity requirement occurs in transition where high lift capability is needed while maintaining rotor moment trim. An analytical and experimental investigation of the aerodynamic environment in the transition flight regime (advance ratios of 0.5 to 1.4) indicates that large local yawed flow angles do not severely affect the lift augmentation and maximum lift coefficient of circulation control airfoils. A RB- CCR model was designed and tested at the David W. Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center (DTNSRDC). This rotor is unique in its employment of a special circulation control airfoil which has a slot in the leading and trailing edge. The results of several test programs verified the capability of the rotor to perform efficiently in hover and at advance ratios up to 4.0. The model data also demonstrated that the rotor is capable of developing sufficient lift to fly through the critical advance ratio of 0.7.
An elegant route to overcome fundamentally-limited light extraction in AlGaN deep-ultraviolet light-emitting diodes: Preferential outcoupling of strong in-plane emission (2016)

While there is an urgent need for semiconductor-based efficient deep ultraviolet (DUV) sources, the efficiency of AlGaN DUV light-emitting diodes (LEDs) remains very low because the extraction of DUV photons is significantly limited by intrinsic material properties of AlGaN. Here, we present an elegant approach based on a DUV LED having multiple mesa stripes whose inclined sidewalls are covered by a MgF2/Al omni-directional mirror to take advantage of the strongly anisotropic transverse-magnetic polarized emission pattern of AlGaN quantum wells. The sidewall-emission-enhanced DUV LED breaks through the fundamental limitations caused by the intrinsic properties of AlGaN, thus shows a remarkable improvement in light extraction as well as operating voltage. Furthermore, an analytic model is developed to understand and precisely estimate the extraction of DUV photons from AlGaN DUV LEDs, and hence to provide promising routes for maximizing the power conversion efficiency.
Chemical Composition and Olfactory Evaluation of the Essential Oils of Leaves and Seeds ofClausena anisata(Willd.) J.D. Hook. ex. Benth. from Cameroon (1999)

Abstract The essential oils of leaves and seeds of Clausena anisata (Rutaceae) from Cameroon were analyzed by GC/FID, GC/MS and GC-sniffing. The oils are characterized by a high percentage of oxygenated monoterpenes. The major components in the leaf oil were (Z)-tagetenone (26.8%), (E)-tagetenone (19.2%), (E)-nerolidol (11.5%) and germacrene D (9–2%), while in the seed oil the major components were (Z)-tagetenone (15.3%), (E)-tagetenone (14.8%), (E)-nerolidol (10.3%), myrcene (7.4%), β-caryophyllene (7.4%), 3-carene (3–9%) and α-humulene (3.5%). Some interesting minor compounds have been found, namely myrcenone (= ipsdienone), (E)-2(3)- and (Z)-2(3)-tagetenone epoxide and ambrettolide (mainly in the seed oil).
Discovery of 5-Substituted-6-chlorouracils as Efficient Inhibitors of Human Thymidine Phosphorylase (2007)

Thymidine phosphorylase plays an important role in angiogenesis, which is an attractive target for therapy of cancer and other diseases. In our continuous effort to develop novel inhibitors of thymidine phosphorylase, we have discovered that 6-halouracils substituted at position C5 by certain hydrophobic groups exhibit significant inhibitory activity against this enzyme. The most potent compounds bear a five- or six-membered cyclic substituent containing a pi-electron system at C5 and a chlorine atom attached at C6. 6-Chloro-5-cyclopent-1-en-1-yluracil 7a is the most efficient derivative in this study, with Ki = 0.20 +/- 0.03 microM (Ki/dThdKm = 0.0017) for thymidine phosphorylase expressed in V79 cells and Ki = 0.29 +/- 0.04 microM (Ki/dThdKm = 0.0024) for the enzyme purified from placenta.
A new method for the extraction of fetal ECG from the composite abdominal signal (2000)

We developed a wavelet transform-based method to extract the fetal electrocardiogram (ECG) from the composite abdominal signal. This is based on the detection of the singularities obtained from the composite abdominal signal, using the modulus maxima in the wavelet domain. Modulus maxima locations of the abdominal signal are used to discriminate between maternal and fetal ECG signals. Two different approaches have been considered. In the first approach, at least one thoracic signal is used as the a prior to perform the classification whereas in the second approach no thoracic signal is needed. A reconstruction method is utilized to obtain the fetal ECG signal from the detected fetal modulus maxima. The proposed technique is different from the classical time-domain methods, in that we exploit the most distinct features of the signal, leading to more robustness with respect to signal perturbations. Results of experiments with both synthetic and real ECG data have been presented to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method.
Integrated Flexible Ocular Coil for Power and Data Transfer in Retinal Prostheses (2005)

A microfabricated and fully-implantable coil for use as a power and data transfer component for retinal prostheses is presented. Compared with traditional hand-made ocular coils, this parylene-based device is thin and flexible with 10 turns of thin-film metal wires and a thickness of less than 10 &#956;m. In addition, the entire coil structure can be heat-formed on a mold to match the eye's curvature for extraocular implantation. Because it is made using parylene thin-film technology, this coil can be directly integrated with multielectrode arrays and with parylene-based packages incorporating application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) or discrete electrical components such as chip capacitors. This coil thus enables the fabrication and implantation of a fully microfabricated system for retinal prostheses.
Enhanced mitochondrial fission suppresses signaling and metastasis in triple-negative breast cancer (2020)

In TNBC, mitochondrial fission inhibits cellular processes and signaling pathways associated with cancer progression and metastasis. These data suggest that therapies driving mitochondrial fission may benefit patients with breast cancer.
Predicting chemoresistance in human malignant glioma cells: The role of molecular genetic analyses (1998)

Less than 30% of malignant gliomas respond to adjuvant chemotherapy. Here, we asked whether alterations in the p53 and RB pathways and the expression of six BCL-2 family proteins predicted acute cytotoxicity and clonogenic cell death induced by BCNU, vincristine, cytarabine, teniposide, doxorubicin, camptothecin or β-lapachone in 12 human malignant glioma cell lines. Neither wild-type p53 status, nor p53 protein accumulation, nor p21 or MDM-2 levels, nor differential expression of BCL-2 family proteins predicted drug sensitivity, except for an association of BAX with higher β-lapachone sensitivity in acute cytotoxicity assays. p16 protein expression was associated with high doubling time and chemoresistance. We conclude that some important molecular changes, which are involved in the development of gliomas and attributed a role in regulating vulnerability to apoptosis, may not determine the response to chemotherapy in these tumors. Int. J. Cancer (Pred. Oncol.) 79:640–644, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Simulation and optimization of etch on flexible substrates for roll-to-roll processing (2019)

A methodology is presented to virtually predict etch profiles on flexible substrates across multi-dimensional process spaces using a minimal number of calibration experiments. Simulations and predictions of the physics and chemical kinetics of plasma etch on flexible substrates are performed using the commercial software SandBox StudioTM. The evolution of a trench profile is computed using surface kinetics models and the level set method. Local etch rates include visibility effects to account for partial shielding of the etch as the pattern is developed and the effects of redeposition. The results of the experiments are then used to update the calibrated model parameters. If the process objectives (e.g., sidewall angle, trench critical dimensions, and across the web uniformity) are not achieved, then a new set of experiments is suggested by the methodology. The process is repeated until the optimal process conditions are identified. The methodology is validated by experiments on etching line-space patterns of polysilicon films on polymer substrates. Results with reactive ion etching with either CF<sub>4</sub> and HBr are shown and the optimal etch recipes (power, etch time and gas flow rates) determined. It is found that this coupled simulation-experiment approach is much more efficient than full factorial experimental design at predicting process outcomes. The methodology presented requires 66% fewer experiments reducing the cost of development by a factor of three.
Achieving end-to-end predictability in the TAO Real-time CORBA ORB (2003)

End-to-end predictability of remote operations is essential for many fixed-priority distributed real-time and embedded (DRE) applications, such as command and control systems, manufacturing process control systems, large-scale distributed interactive simulations, and testbeam data acquisition systems. To enhance predictability, the Real-time CORBA specification defines standard middleware features that allow applications to allocate, schedule, and control key CPU, memory, and networking resources necessary to ensure end-to-end quality of service support. This paper presents the results of empirical studies that illustrate how a Real-time CORBA ORB can provide end-to-end QoS guarantees in middleware. The results in this paper are based on TAO, which is widely-used, open-source, Realtime ORBA-compliant DRE middleware. TAO uses non-multiplexed resources to eliminate sources of unbounded priority inversion.
MCL-1 Is a Key Determinant of Breast Cancer Cell Survival: Validation of MCL-1 Dependency Utilizing a Highly Selective Small Molecule Inhibitor (2015)

Hyperexpression of antiapoptotic BCL-2 family proteins allows cells to survive despite the receipt of signals that would ordinarily induce their deletion, a facet frequently exploited by tumors. Tumors addicted to the BCL-2 family proteins for survival are now being targeted therapeutically. For example, navitoclax, a BCL-2/BCL-XL/BCL-W inhibitor, is currently in phase I/II clinical trials in numerous malignancies. However, the related family member, MCL-1, limits the efficacy of navitoclax and other chemotherapeutic agents. In the present study, we identify breast cancer cell lines that depend upon MCL-1 for survival and subsequently determine the mechanism of apoptosis mediated by the MCL-1 selective inhibitor A-1210477. We demonstrate that apoptosis resulting from a loss in MCL-1 function requires expression of the proapoptotic protein BAK. However, expression of BCL-XL can limit apoptosis resulting from loss in MCL-1 function through sequestration of free BIM. Finally, we demonstrate substantial synergy between navitoclax and MCL-1 siRNA, the direct MCL-1 inhibitor A-1210477, or the indirect MCL-1 inhibitor flavopiridol, highlighting the therapeutic potential for inhibiting BCL-XL and MCL-1 in breast cancer.
TU‐B‐204B‐04: Ventilation from Four Dimensional Computed Tomography: Density versus Jacobian Methods (2010)

Purpose : Two calculation methods to produce ventilation images from four‐dimensional computed tomography (4D CT) acquired without added contrast have been reported in the literature. In previous work, we demonstrated a method to obtain ventilation images using deformable image registration and the underlying CT density information. A second method performs the ventilation image calculation from the DIR result alone, using the Jacobian determinant of the deformation field to estimate local volume changes resulting from ventilation. Two implementations of the Jacobian‐based methodology are evaluated, as well as a density change‐based model for calculating the physiologic specific ventilation from 4D CT. Materials and Methods : 99m Tc‐labeled aerosol single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is the standard clinical method used to obtain ventilation images in patients. The distributions of ventilation obtained from the CT‐based ventilation image calculations are compared with those obtained from the clinical SPECT ventilation. The standard method is prone to airway deposition artifacts, which are further characterized. Seven patients with 4D CT imaging and standard 99m Tc‐labeled aerosol SPECT/CT ventilation imaging obtained as part of a prospective validation study were selected. Results : Results demonstrate the equivalence of the Jacobian‐based implementations for quantifying the specific ventilation on a voxel scale. Additionally, both Jacobian‐ and density change‐based methods correlated well with global measurements of the resting tidal volume. Finally, correlation with the clinical SPECT was assessed using the Dice Similarity Coefficient, which showed significantly higher ( p ‐value &lt; 10 −4 ) correlation with density change‐based specific ventilation than with either Jacobian‐based implementation. Conclusion : Both 4D CT ventilation methods performed well globally, showing good correlation with image segmentation‐based measures of the resting tidal volume. However, CT density change‐based calculations achieved better spatial correlation with clinically acquired SPECT images. Future work will directly address the impact of spatial registration errors on degradation of both density change‐and Jacobian‐based ventilation methods.