gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Role of the Glucose Transport System in the Postreceptor Defect in Insulin Action Associated with Human Aging* (1984)

In an attempt to elucidate the cellular mechanisms of the insulin resistance associated with aging, insulin-mediated glucose transport was studied in isolated adipocytes obtained from 14 elderly subjects (mean age +/- SE, 69 +/- 2 yr) and 11 nonelderly (40 +/- 4 yr) subjects using the nonmetabolized glucose analogue 3-O-methylglucose. In elderly subjects with normal oral glucose tolerance tests, maximal insulin-stimulated glucose transport was reduced compared to nonelderly control levels [1.26 +/- 0.17 (+/- SE) vs. 1.96 +/- 0.26 pmol/2 X 10(5) cells X 15 sec; P less than 0.025). Elderly subjects with nondiagnostic oral glucose tolerance tests had more marked reductions in basal, submaximal, and maximal stimulated rates of glucose transport compared to the nonelderly group. The elderly group with the greatest decrease in in vitro glucose transport also had the greatest decrease in in vivo insulin-stimulated glucose disposal, whereas the elderly subjects with the mildest in vitro defect also had the smallest reduction in in vivo glucose disposal. A significant positive relationship existed between the maximal rate of in vitro glucose transport and the maximal rate of in vivo glucose disposal in the various subjects (Spearman rank correlation coefficient = 0.54; P less than 0.05). We conclude that aging is associated with a significant defect in the glucose transport system in isolated adipocytes, which may account for the post-receptor defect in in vivo insulin action in aging.
Novel CO2-Emulsified Viscoelastic Surfactant Fracturing Fluid System (2005)

Abstract The solid-free viscoelastic surfactant (VES) fluid has good proppant transport and excellent cleanup capabilities. Coupling the benefits of a VES fluid with a carbon dioxide (CO2)-emulsified system will further enhance cleanup in a depleted reservoir, extend the application to water-sensitive formations, and maintain reservoir gas saturation to prevent any potential water blocks. This paper reports on a new multisurfactant VES fluid system developed specifically to provide a robust surfactant-base fracturing fluid with supercritical CO2. The field test results indicate the new system is CO2 compatible and still possesses all the attributes normally associated with VES systems.
The Effects of Distant Cardiac Electrical Events on Local Activation in Unipolar Epicardial Electrograms (1987)

The effect of potentials generated during depolarization of the left ventricle on epicardial unipolar electrograms recorded from the right ventricle was studied using the right ventricular isolation procedure. This surgical technique disrupts electrical conduction and prevents activation wavefronts from propagating between the ventricles. Following the procedure, the ventricles were paced asynchronously with the left ventricle paced 100 ms before the right ventricle to geparate the electrogram into its local (due to depolarization of the right ventricle) and distant (due to depolarization of the left ventricle) components or with an interval of 20 ms or less between pacing the ventricles to mimic electrograms resulting from normal (synchronous) activration. Electrical activity in the left ventricle significantly affected the magnitude of the slope of the most rapid deflection and the timing of the maximum and minimum potentials of right ventricular unipolar electrograms. However, distant activity did not significantly alter the timing of the fastest 1 ms downstroke. No electrograms of distant components had negative slopes with magnitudes greater than 1.3 mV/ms, nor did any slopes of electrograms containing only local components have magnitudes less than 1.5 mV/ms. Simulated electrograms, calculated from the local and distant components, correlated well (r = 0.83 to 1.00, N = 48) with electrograms recorded during synchronous pacing.
Multimodal imaging of human cerebellum - merging X-ray phase microtomography, magnetic resonance microscopy and histology (2012)

Imaging modalities including magnetic resonance imaging and X-ray computed tomography are established methods in daily clinical diagnosis of human brain. Clinical equipment does not provide sufficient spatial resolution to obtain morphological information on the cellular level, essential for applying minimally or non-invasive surgical interventions. Therefore, generic data with lateral sub-micrometer resolution have been generated from histological slices post mortem. Sub-cellular spatial resolution, lost in the third dimension as a result of sectioning, is obtained using magnetic resonance microscopy and micro computed tomography. We demonstrate that for human cerebellum grating-based X-ray phase tomography shows complementary contrast to magnetic resonance microscopy and histology. In this study, the contrast-to-noise values of magnetic resonance microscopy and phase tomography were comparable whereas the spatial resolution in phase tomography is an order of magnitude better. The registered data with their complementary information permit the distinct segmentation of tissues within the human cerebellum.
Mapping of the interaction domains of the Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever virus nucleocapsid protein (2014)

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a member of the genus Nairovirus of the family Bunyaviridae, that can cause severe haemorrhagic fever in humans, with mortality rates above 30 %. CCHFV is the most widespread of the tick-borne human viruses and it is endemic in areas of central Asia, the Middle East, Africa and southern Europe. Its viral genome consists of three negative-sense RNA segments. The large segment (L) encodes a viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (L protein), the small segment (S) encodes the nucleocapsid protein (N protein) and the medium segment (M) encodes the envelope proteins. The N protein of bunyaviruses binds genomic RNA, forming the viral ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex. The L protein interacts with these RNP structures, allowing the initiation of viral replication. The N protein also interacts with actin, although the regions and specific residues involved in these interactions have not yet been described. Here, by means of immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence assays, we identified the regions within the CCHFV N protein implicated in homo-oligomerization and actin binding. We describe the interaction of the N protein with the CCHFV L protein, and identify the N- and C-terminal regions within the L protein that might be necessary for the formation of these N-L protein complexes. These results may guide the development of potent inhibitors of these complexes that could potentially block CCHFV replication.
Active site models of human cytochrome P450s based on NMR relaxation measurements (1997)

The various mammalian cytochrome P450s (2D6, 3A4. etc.) have been produced in large quantities by expression of their cDN As in baculovirus or e.coli. A poly-histidine extension has been incorporated at the C-terminus of the expressed proteins, which, after purification of the protein on a nickelagarose column, could be removed proteolytically by treatment with thrombin. The quantities produced allowed direct study of the interaction of substrates with P450s using NMR. We have studied the binding of the different substrates to the Cytochrome P450 2D6 and 3 A4 by measurements of the relaxation effects of the unpaired electron of the haem iron on the protons of the bound substrates'. Using these measurements on the substrate protons and the known X-ray crystal structures of four P450s, a model for the initial enzyme-substrate complex was built. Based on these results, mutants were designed to explore the substrate specificity of the enzyme. In Cytochrome P450 2D6, the F483I mutant was shown to accommodate larger substrate (like testosterone) as compared to wild type2.
Permanent-Magnet Motors for Energy Savings in Industrial Applications (2008)

The present and future market for motors places a high value on operating efficiency, reliability, variable-speed operation, low running temperature, quiet operation, and low cost. Permanent-magnet (PM) motors are now able to meet these market expectations across an increasing range of ratings. Compared to the prolific induction motor, PM motors provide the attributes of efficiency, reliability, etc. They also have the additional advantages of higher power density, superior power factor (low current), low rotor temperature, and synchronous operation. Advancement in magnet technologies allows operation at higher temperatures without permanent magnetization loss. The economic viability of PM motors is increasing with additional sources offering rare-earth magnets such as neodymium iron boron at lower prices. Performance comparisons between induction motors, surface PMs, and salient-pole PM motors are presented in this paper.
Domain Adaptation for Network Performance Modeling with and without Labeled Data (2023)

Network performance modeling using machine learning (ML) has proven to be essential for proactive network and service management. Dynamic changes and re-configurations in the network infrastructure can impact the data distribution, causing degradation in the performance of the deployed ML models. To adapt to such changes, traditional approaches suggest that the models must be updated using new labeled data from the operational network. Unfortunately, these labels can be costly or impossible to obtain.In this paper, we propose a customized approach named cDANN using domain adaptation to target these challenges for network performance modeling. We report on an empirical study where we evaluate the impact of labeled data availability, ranging from no available labels to a fully labeled data set. We specifically study scenarios for network performance modeling using two realistic data sets; one obtained from a cloud testbed environment and the other from a 5G - mm Wave testbed. Our results show that incorporating unlabeled samples reduces the need for costly collection of labeled data. The proposed method either radically improves or performs on par with the baselines.
Compact Tori as Extensions of the Spherical Tokamak (1995)

The need for a flexible experimental facility, capable of studying several alternate confinement concepts simultaneously, is discussed. A facility suitable for both spherical tokamak (ST) and Field Reversed Configuration (FRC) studies is examined. Such a facility could advance the physics database of both concepts at a minimum cost. An International Center for Alternate Confinement Studies is proposed to develop such facilities and to provide opportunities for international collaboration in this critical area.
Attosecond Extreme Ultraviolet Beams with Time-Varying Orbital Angular Momentum: The Self-Torque of Light (2019)

Light beams with self-torque –a temporal variation of their orbital angular momentum– are described and produced for the first time. This new property of light beams is naturally mapped onto extreme-ultraviolet waveforms via high-harmonic generation.
Mass Transfers in a Fluidized Bed Bioreactor using Alginate Beads for a Future Bioartificial Liver (2004)

Fluidized bed bioreactor with alginate beads may be an alternative to hollow fiber cartridge to host hepatocytes for bioartificial liver purposes. After the bioreactor design and the characterization of fluid mechanics, the present study was aimed at analyzing bi-directional mass transfers of calibrated species between external fluid and empty beads. Static (batch) and dynamic (fluidized bed bioreactor) experimental conditions were analyzed. A simple modelling approach permitted the definition of mass transfer coefficients. The motion of beads within the bioreactor clearly enhanced mass transfer kinetics, but did not alter the amount exchanged. The shear enhanced diffusion coefficient for VitB12 was 20 times higher in the fluidized bed bioreactor than under batch conditions, proving the efficiency of such a device.
Halogen to metal π-donation in metalloporphyrins (1998)

The 1H NMR analysis of the paramagnetic trans-dihalogeno-ruthenium(IV) and osmium(IV) porphyrins reveals that the halides have a pronounced effect on both the magnitude and the direction of charge transfer between the metal and the porphyrin, that the degree of covalency of metal–halide bonds increases in the order of MnIII < RuIV < OsIV, and that the relative strength of halogen-to-metal π-donation is Cl < Br < I.
A nano-micro-macro mechanical model for the analysis of soft collagenous tissues (2009)

In this paper the mechanical response of soft collagenous tissues with regular fiber arrangement (RSCTs) is described by means of a nanoscale model and a two-step micro-macro homogenization technique. The non-linear collagen constitutive behaviour is modelled at the nanoscale by a novel approach accounting for entropic mechanisms as well as stretching effects occurring in collagen molecules. Crimped fibers are reduced to equivalent straight ones at the microscale and the constitutive response of RSCTs at the macroscale is formulated by homogenizing a fiber reinforced material. This approach is suitable for different RSCTs (such as tendon, periodontal ligament and aortic media) and results effective and accurate as proved by the excellent agreement between available experimental data and computed results, obtained relating model parameters directly with histological and morphological evidences.
Figure S2 from Vaccine-Induced Memory CD8<sup>+</sup> T Cells Provide Clinical Benefit in HER2 Expressing Breast Cancer: A Mouse to Human Translational Study (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Mutation of HER2 to obscure binding of Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab&lt;/p&gt;
Identification of novel host defense peptides and the absence of α‐defensins in the bovine genome (2008)

Host defense peptides (historically called antimicrobial peptides, AMPs) are key components in the mammalian innate immune system, and are responsible for both direct killing and immunomodulatory effects in host defense against pathogenic organisms. In order to identify novel host defense peptides by sequence analysis, we constructed the AMPer resource (http://www.cnbi2.com/cgi-bin/amp.pl) that utilizes hidden Markov models to recognize sequences of antimicrobial peptides. In the current work, we utilized the AMPer resource to search bovine expressed sequence tags from the NCBI dbEST project and the bovine genome sequence for novel host defense peptides. Of the 34 known bovine AMPs, 27 were identified with high confidence in the AMPs predicted from ESTs. A further potential 68 AMPs predicted from the EST data were found that appear to be novel giving a total estimate of 102 AMPs present in the genome. Two of these were cathelicidins and selected for experimental verification in RNA derived from bovine tissue. One predicted AMP, most similar to rabbit '15 kDa protein' AMP, was confirmed to be present in infected bovine intestinal tissue using PCR. These findings demonstrated the practical applicability of the developed bioinformatics approach and laid a foundation for future discoveries of gene-coded AMPs. No members of the alpha-defensin family were found in the bovine sequences. Since we could find no technical reasons these would be missed and no references to bovine alpha-defensins in the literature, this suggests that cattle lack this important family of host defense peptides.
[Hirschsprung-Galant infantilism]. (1991)

Report about a 17 1/2 year-old girl with severe mental retardation, dwarfism, hypogenitalism and short segment type of HIRSCHSPRUNG's disease, abortive SMITH-LEMLI-OPITZ syndrome is supposed. Literature about etiology and genetics of HIRSCHSPRUNG's disease is reviewed.
Inorganic “Conductive Glass” Approach to Rendering Mesoporous Metal–Organic Frameworks Electronically Conductive and Chemically Responsive (2018)

A representative mesoporous metal-organic-framework (MOF) material, NU-1000, has been rendered electronically conductive via a robust inorganic approach that permits retention of MOF crystallinity and porosity. The approach is based on condensed-phase grafting of molecular tin species onto the MOF nodes via irreversible reaction with hydroxyl and aqua ligands presented at the node surface, a self-limiting process termed solvothermal installation (of metal ions) in MOFs (SIM, a solution-phase analog of atomic layer deposition in MOFs). Treatment of the modified MOF with aerated steam at 120 °C converts the grafted tin molecules to tetratin(IV)oxy clusters, with the clusters being sited between insulating pairs of zirconia-like nodes (the zirconium component being key to endowing the parent material with requisite chemical and thermal stability). By introducing new O-H presenting ligands on the modified-MOF node, the high-temperature steam step additionally serves to reset the material to reactive form, thus enabling a second self-limiting tin-grafting step to be run (and after further steam treatment, enabling a third). Difference-envelop-density (DED) analyses of synchrotron-derived X-ray scattering data, with and without installed tin species, show that the clusters formed after one cycle are spatially isolated, but that repetitive SIM cycling adds metal and oxygen ions in a way that enshrouds nodes, links clusters, and yields continuous one-dimensional strands of oxy-tin(IV), oriented exclusively along the c axis of the MOF. Two-probe conductivity measurements show that the parent MOF and the version containing isolated oxy-tin(IV) clusters are electrically insulating, but that the versions featuring continuous strands show an electrical conductivity of 1.8 × 10<sup>-7</sup> S/cm after three Sn-SIM cycles. When combined with interdigitated microelectrodes, the solvent-free and conductive-glass-modified material (three Sn-SIM cycles) displays a substantial and persistent increase in electrical conductivity during exposure to 5% H<sub>2</sub>, indicating a role for dissociated H<sub>2</sub> as an electronic dopant. The increase can be repetitively reversed by alternating H<sub>2</sub> with air, illustrating the ability of the conductive MOF to function as a resistive sensor for H<sub>2</sub> and suggesting further potential applications that may capitalize on the combination of high volumetric surface area, high mesoporosity, high chemical and thermal stability, and significant electrical conductivity.
One-pass adaptive universal vector quantization (2002)

The authors introduce a one-pass adaptive universal quantization technique for real, bounded alphabet, stationary sources. The algorithm is set on line without any prior knowledge of the statistics of the sources which it might encounter and asymptotically achieves ideal performance on all sources that it sees. The system consists of an encoder and a decoder. At increasing intervals, the encoder refines its codebook using knowledge about incoming data symbols. This codebook is then described to the decoder in the form of updates on the previous codebook. The accuracy to which the codebook is described increases as the number of symbols seen, and thus the accuracy to which the codebook is known, grows.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Integrated Quarter-Wave Shifted Bragg Grating Array with Equalized Channel Spacing (2013)

A 4-channel integrated quarter-wave shifted Bragg grating array with precisely equalized channel spacing was demonstrated in a CMOS-compatible process using sidewall Bragg gratings and the equivalent phase shift method.
Development of a Perchlorate Chemical Sensor Based on Magnetic Nanoparticles and Silicon Nitride Capacitive Transducer (2018)

Abstract We report in this work the development of a novel capacitance electrochemical sensors based on silicon nitride substrate (Si 3 N 4 ) chemically modified with a structure of Cobalt phthalocyanine, C,C,C,C‐tetracarboxylic acid‐Polyacrylamide (Co(II)Pc‐PAA). This sensitive layer was tested with and without magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) for perchlorate ( ) detection. The developed chemical sensor with Si 3 N 4 /APTES‐MNP/Co(II)Pc‐PAA structure has shown a better performance when compared to the other structure based on Si 3 N 4 /Co(II)Pc‐PAA. Contact angle measurements (CAM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) characterizations have been performed to characterize the functionalization of the chemical sensors surface. Under the optimized structure of the chemical sensor, electrochemical measurements were carried out using Mott‐Schottky analysis for detection within the large range of 10 −10 to 10 −4 M with a very low detection limit of 2×10 −10 M. The chemical sensor has demonstrated a high selectivity toward when compared to other interfering anions such as Cl − , SO 4 2− , and CO 3 2− . The present capacitive chemical sensor is very promising for sensitive and rapid detection of for environmental applications.
Table S3 from A New Class of Antibody–Drug Conjugates with Potent DNA Alkylating Activity (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Extent of DNA adduct formation in EOL-1 (AML cells) exposed to the IGN diimine 7 or the monoimine 8 after a 5 h or 20 h exposure to the compounds&lt;/p&gt;
Multiomics and digital monitoring during lifestyle changes reveal independent dimensions of human biology and health (2020)

Abstract In order to explore opportunities for personalized and predictive health care, we collected serial clinical measurements, health surveys and multiomics profiles (genomics, proteomics, autoantibodies, metabolomics and gut microbiome) from 96 individuals. The participants underwent data-driven health coaching over a 16-month period with continuous digital monitoring of activity and sleep. Multiomics factor analysis resulted in an unsupervised, data-driven and integrated view of human health, revealing distinct and independent molecular factors linked to obesity, diabetes, liver function, cardiovascular disease, inflammation, immunity, exercise, diet and hormonal effects. The data revealed novel and previously uncovered associations between risk factors, molecular pathways, and quantitative lifestyle parameters. For example, ethinyl estradiol use had a distinct impact on metabolites, proteins and physiology. Multidimensional molecular and digital health signatures uncovered biological variability between people and quantitative effects of lifestyle changes, hence illustrating the value of the combined use of molecular and digital monitoring of human health.
3-Nitro-Tyrosine as a Peripheral Biomarker of Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy in Patients With Liver Cirrhosis (2011)

This pilot study, to be validated in a larger cohort, shows that determination of 3-nitro-tyrosine in serum, which is easy and not time consuming, is useful to identify patients with MHE, with good sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values.
Optimization and Mathematical Modeling of the Transtubular Bioreactor for the Production of Monoclonal Antibodies from a Hybridoma Cell Line (2002)

Peer Reviewed
Theory of Carbomorph Cycles (2013)

We present a theory of a reversibly deforming sp2-carbon-based system controlled by competing strain, surface, and electrostatic energies, a carbomorph. For example, external forces (such as electrostatic, chemical, interfacial) could convert a bistable carbon nanotube between the collapsed and inflated states. Such a system could operate as a voltage-controlled constant-force spring, a charge-controlled harmonic spring, or an electromechanical engine or generator (with linear stroke up to few microns) driven across a propagating quasi-one-dimensional structural phase transition.
Low-Dimensional Models for Vertically Falling Viscous Films (2003)

Long wave evolution on free falling viscous films is described using a new evolution equation. The scaling proposed here brings in the viscous and pressure correction terms that are missing in the existing long-wave equations. Small amplitude expansion of the equation gives a dissipative form of the Kuromoto-Sivashinsky equation. Improved accuracy of the new equation over existing equations is demonstrated by comparison of neutral curves with Orr-Sommerfeld equations and experimental data.