gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Brain tumor eradication and prolonged survival from intratumoral conversion of 5-fluorocytosine to 5-fluorouracil using a nonlytic retroviral replicating vector (2011)

Patients with the most common and aggressive form of high-grade glioma, glioblastoma multiforme, have poor prognosis and few treatment options. In 2 immunocompetent mouse brain tumor models (CT26-BALB/c and Tu-2449-B6C3F1), we showed that a nonlytic retroviral replicating vector (Toca 511) stably delivers an optimized cytosine deaminase prodrug activating gene to the tumor lesion and leads to long-term survival after treatment with 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC). Survival benefit is dose dependent for both vector and 5-FC, and as few as 4 cycles of 5-FC dosing after Toca 511 therapy provides significant survival advantage. In the virally permissive CT26-BALB/c model, spread of Toca 511 to other tissues, particularly lymphoid tissues, is detectable by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) over a wide range of levels. In the Tu-2449-B6C3F1 model, Toca 511 PCR signal in nontumor tissues is much lower, spread is not always observed, and when observed, is mainly detected in lymphoid tissues at low levels. The difference in vector genome spread correlates with a more effective antiviral restriction element, APOBEC3, present in the B6C3F1 mice. Despite these differences, neither strain showed signs of treatment-related toxicity. These data support the concept that, in immunocompetent animals, a replicating retroviral vector carrying a prodrug activating gene (Toca 511) can spread through a tumor mass, leading to selective elimination of the tumor after prodrug administration, without local or systemic pathology. This concept is under investigation in an ongoing phase I/II clinical trial of Toca 511 in combination with 5-FC in patients with recurrent high-grade glioma (www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT01156584).
Fairness in Multiuser Systems With Polymatroid Capacity Region (2009)

For a wide class of multiuser systems, a subset of capacity region which includes the corner points and the sum-capacity facet has a special structure known as polymatroid. Multiple-access channels with fixed input distributions and multiple-antenna broadcast channels are examples of such systems. Any interior point of the sum-capacity facet can be achieved by time-sharing among corner points or by an alternative method known as rate-splitting. The main purpose of this paper is to find a point on the sum-capacity facet which satisfies a notion of fairness among the active users. This problem is addressed in two cases: (i) where the complexity of achieving interior points is not feasible, and (ii) where the complexity of achieving interior points is feasible. For the first case, the corner point for which the minimum rate of the active users is maximized is desired. A simple greedy algorithm is introduced to find such an optimum corner point. In addition, it is shown for single-antenna Gaussian multiple-access channels, the resulting corner point is leximin maximal with respect to the set of the corner points. For the second case, the properties of the unique leximin maximal rate vector with respect to the polymatroid are reviewed. It is shown that the problems of deriving the time-sharing coefficients or rate-splitting scheme to attain the leximin maximal vector can be solved by decomposing the problem into some lower dimensional subproblems. In addition, a fast algorithm to compute the time-sharing coefficients to attain a general point on the sum-capacity facet is presented.
Medical image compression based on region of interest, with application to colon CT images (2005)

CT or MRI medical imaging produce human body pictures in digital form. Since these imaging techniques produce prohibitive amounts of data, compression is necessary for storage and communication purposes. Many current compression schemes provide a very high compression rate but with considerable loss of quality. On the other hand, in some areas in medicine, it may be sufficient to maintain high image quality only in the region of interest, i.e., in diagnostically important regions. This paper discusses a hybrid model of lossless compression in the region of interest, with high-rate, motion-compensated, lossy compression in other regions. We evaluate our method on medical CT images, and show that it outperforms other common compression schemes, such as discrete cosine transform, vector quantization, and principal component analysis. In our experiments, we emphasize CT imaging of the human colon.
RU486, a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, induces apoptosis in U937 human lymphoma cells through reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential and activation of p38 MAPK (2013)

RU486 (mifepristone) exerts an anticancer effect on cancer cells via induction of apoptosis. However, the molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we investigated the effect of RU486 on the apoptosis of U937 human leukemia cells. RU486 markedly increased apoptosis in U937 cells as well as in MDA231 human breast carcinoma, A549 human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial and HCT116 human colorectal carcinoma cells. RU486 increased dose-dependent release of mitochondrial cytochrome c, and reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP, Δψm) in RU486-treated U937 cells. We also found that overexpression of Bcl-2 completely blocked RU486-mediated apoptosis. However, reactive oxygen species signaling had no effect on RU486-induced apoptosis. RU486 increased the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and JNK, but p38 MAPK only was associated with RU486-mediated apoptosis. Taken together, RU486 induces apoptosis through reduction in the mitochondrial membrane potential and activation of p38 MAPK in U937 human leukemia cells.
Reduced-Dimension Symbol Detection in Random Access Channel (2018)

In a growing number of IoT applications, an access point communicates with IoT users whose number prevents assignment of orthogonal channel resources to them, and renders network management and control impractical. Consequently, symbols transmitted from active users collide, which necessitates their separation on the receiver side. Given that an IoT user transmits with low probability, the sparsity in the user activity domain has been exploited in a number of previous works, where the symbol separation problem is formulated and solved as a sparse recovery problem. However, an excessive computational complexity remains a challenge in such approaches, where the number of filters in the equivalent receiver filter bank is equal to the overall number of users. Consequently, reduced-dimension processors facilitating low complexity symbol separation are sought. We propose here two novel reduced-dimension processors. In addition, a scheme, which aims to remove an impractical requirement that the receiver knows channels from all users is proposed and studied in conjunction with the reduced-dimension processors. Furthermore, pre-whitened reduced- dimension processors and a variety of approaches for the design of dimensionality reduction transformation matrix are considered. Finally, the results are validated with simulations. As such, the tests show that the proposed processors considerably outperform the benchmark, and also that the pre-whitened processors outperform their non-pre-whitened counterparts.
Tolerancing analysis of customized illumination for practical applications of source and mask optimization (2010)

Due to the extremely small process window in the 32nm feature generation and beyond, it is necessary to implement active techniques that can expand the process window and robustness of the imaging against various kinds of imaging parameters. Source & Mask Optimization (SMO) 1 is a promising candidate for such techniques. Although many applications of SMO are expected, tolerancing and specifications for aggressively customized illuminators have not been discussed yet. In this paper we are going to study tolerancing of a freeform pupilgram which is a solution of SMO. We propose Zernike intensity/distortion modulation method to express pupilgram errors. This method may be effective for tolerancing analysis and defining the specifications for freeform illumination. Furthermore, this method is can be applied to OPE matching of free form illumination source.
(+)‐Sesamin‐oxidising CYP92B14 shapes specialised lignan metabolism in sesame (2020)

Sesamum spp. (sesame) are known to accumulate a variety of lignans in a lineage-specific manner. In cultivated sesame (Sesamum indicum), (+)-sesamin, (+)-sesamolin and (+)-sesaminol triglucoside are the three major lignans found richly in the seeds. A recent study demonstrated that SiCYP92B14 is a pivotal enzyme that allocates the substrate (+)-sesamin to two products, (+)-sesamolin and (+)-sesaminol, through multiple reaction schemes including oxidative rearrangement of α-oxy-substituted aryl groups (ORA). In contrast, it remains unclear whether (+)-sesamin in wild sesame undergoes oxidation reactions as in S. indicum and how, if at all, the ratio of the co-products is tailored at the molecular level. Here, we functionally characterised SrCYP92B14 as a SiCYP92B14 orthologue from a wild sesame, Sesamum radiatum, in which we revealed accumulation of the (+)-sesaminol derivatives (+)-sesangolin and its novel structural isomer (+)-7´-episesantalin. Intriguingly, SrCYP92B14 predominantly produced (+)-sesaminol either through ORA or direct oxidation on the aromatic ring, while a relatively low but detectable level of (+)-sesamolin was produced. Amino acid substitution analysis suggested that residues in the putative distal helix and the neighbouring heme propionate of CYP92B14 affect the ratios of its co-products. These data collectively show that the bimodal oxidation mechanism of (+)-sesamin might be widespread across Sesamum spp., and that CYP92B14 is likely to be a key enzyme in shaping the ratio of (+)-sesaminol- and (+)-sesamolin-derived lignans from the biochemical and evolutionary perspectives.
Endocervical Atypical Glandular Cells of Undetermined Signi.cance (2000)

Analysis of nuclear features by morphometry and cytology was useful in characterizing the AGUS subgroups Ts and HPVs.
Developing a Prognostic Micro-RNA Signature for Human Cervical Carcinoma (2015)

Cervical cancer remains the third most frequently diagnosed and fourth leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide. We sought to develop a micro-RNA signature that was prognostic for disease-free survival, which could potentially allow tailoring of treatment for cervical cancer patients. A candidate prognostic 9-micro-RNA signature set was identified in the training set of 79 frozen specimens. However, three different approaches to validate this signature in an independent cohort of 87 patients with formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) specimens, were unsuccessful. There are several challenges and considerations associated with developing a prognostic micro-RNA signature for cervical cancer, namely: tumour heterogeneity, lack of concordance between frozen and FFPE specimens, and platform selection for global micro-RNA expression profiling in this disease. Our observations provide an important cautionary tale for future miRNA signature studies for cervical cancer, which can also be potentially applicable to miRNA profiling studies involving other types of human malignancies.
Acoustic meta-materials in MEMS bar resonators (2009)

This paper presents a meta-material-based design method for bar resonators with enhanced characteristics compared to those obtained with the typical bulk material implementation. We take advantage of the required release holes of MEMS processes to modify the local equivalent material properties ( r , E and n ) of the bar. While the available bulk material is homogeneous, the bar consists of an equivalent non-homogeneous material that can for example be distributed by design in order to shrink the overall resonator size, enhance electromechanical transduction coefficients or reject spurious modes. Our paper compares two extraction methods for the equivalent material properties of a periodically hole-punched material: the steady-state mechanical simulation of a unit cell and its “phase delay” counterpart. We discuss their validity and practical use for the design of bar resonators.
X-ray diagnostic development for measurement of electron deposition to the SABRE anode (1997)

Summary form only given. Extraction applied-B ion diodes are under development on the SABRE (6 MV, 250 kA) accelerator at Sandia. We are assessing this technology for the production of high brightness lithium ion beams for inertial confinement fusion. Electron loss physics is a focus of effort since electron sheath physics affects ion beam divergence, ion beam purity, and diode impedance. An X-ray slit-imaging diagnostic is under development for detection of X-rays produced during electron deposition to the anode. This diagnostic will aid in the correlation of electron deposition to ion production to better understand the ion diode physics. The X-ray detector consists of a filter pack, scintillator and optical fiber array that is streaked onto a CCD camera. Current orientation of the diagnostic provides spatial information across the anode radius at three different azimuths or at three different X-ray energy cuts. The observed X-ray emission spectrum can then be compared to current modeling efforts examining electron deposition to the anode.
RTS Noise and Dark Current White Defects Reduction Using Selective Averaging Based on a Multi-Aperture System (2014)

In extremely low-light conditions, random telegraph signal (RTS) noise and dark current white defects become visible. In this paper, a multi-aperture imaging system and selective averaging method which removes the RTS noise and the dark current white defects by minimizing the synthetic sensor noise at every pixel is proposed. In the multi-aperture imaging system, a very small synthetic F-number which is much smaller than 1.0 is achieved by increasing optical gain with multiple lenses. It is verified by simulation that the effective noise normalized by optical gain in the peak of noise histogram is reduced from 1.38e⁻ to 0.48 e⁻ in a 3 × 3-aperture system using low-noise CMOS image sensors based on folding-integration and cyclic column ADCs. In the experiment, a prototype 3 × 3-aperture camera, where each aperture has 200 × 200 pixels and an imaging lens with a focal length of 3.0 mm and F-number of 3.0, is developed. Under a low-light condition, in which the maximum average signal is 11e⁻ per aperture, the RTS and dark current white defects are removed and the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) of the image is increased by 6.3 dB.
Spectroscopy and femtosecond dynamics of the ring opening reaction of 1,3-cyclohexadiene (2006)

The early stages of the ring opening reaction of 1,3-cyclohexadiene to form its isomer 1,3,5-hexatriene, upon excitation to the ultrashort-lived 1 1B2 state, were explored. A series of one-color two-photon ionization/photoelectron spectra reveal a prominent vibrational progression with a frequency of 1350 cm(-1), which is interpreted in a dynamical picture as resulting from the ultrafast wave packet dynamics associated with the ring opening reaction. Photoionization in two-color three-photon and one-color four-photon ionization schemes show an ionization pathway via the same ultrashort-lived 1 1B2 state, and in addition, a series of Rydberg states with quantum defects of 0.93, 0.76, and 0.15, respectively. Using those Rydberg states as probes for the reaction dynamics in a time-resolved pump-probe experiment provides a direct observation of the elusive 2 1A1 state that has been implicated as an intermediate step between the initially excited 1 1B2 state and the ground electronic state. The rise and decay times for the 2 1A1 state were found to be 55 and 84 fs, respectively.
Analysis of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa major outer membrane protein OprF by use of truncated OprF derivatives and monoclonal antibodies (1992)

TnphoA mutagenesis of the cloned oprF gene was utilized to generate 16 classes of fusions encoding differing lengths of the amino terminus of OprF fused to either alkaline phosphatase or to peptide tags of 1 to 20 amino acids, depending on the orientation and reading frame into which TnphoA was inserted. Representatives of each of the 16 classes were sequenced to determine the precise fusion joint. Four of these 16 representatives which produced in-frame fusions to alkaline phosphatase and another 8 with fusion joints in the amino-terminal half of OprF failed to react with a panel of 10 specific monoclonal antibodies. In contrast, OprF derivatives with predicted fusion joints at amino acids 180, 204, 289, and 299 reacted with one to five of the monoclonal antibodies. Four other immunoreactive OprF derivatives were created by subcloning and encoded amino acids 1 to 187, 188 to 326, 1 to 273 and 1 to 170 plus 301 to 326. On the basis of reactivity with the TnphoA-truncated derivatives and subclones of oprF, the epitopes for all 10 monoclonal antibodies were localized, in part, to specific regions of OprF. Nine of the 10 monoclonal antibodies, 8 of which recognize surface-exposed epitopes, mapped within the carboxy-terminal region of OprF that is homologous to the Escherichia coli outer membrane protein OmpA. Thus, we concluded that parts of the carboxy terminus of OprF are exposed on the external face of the outer membrane. In addition, a clone containing only the first two cysteine residues of OprF demonstrated reactivity with monoclonal antibodies MA4-4 and MA7-8 that was destroyed by 2-mercaptoethanol treatment, as was reactivity with intact OprF. Thus, we conclude that this first pair of cysteines at residues 176 and 185 of mature OprF form a disulfide bond.
LOC Out of the Box: Design, engineering and utility of biotic games (2010)

A graphical abstract is available for this content
Fully Integrated Broad-Band High Power Frequency Comb Based on a Multimode Gain Chip (2021)

We generate a Kerr frequency comb in a SiN ring spanning over 150nm with 23mW pump power. Self-injection locking of a multi-mode chip-based gain allows access to high pump power while maintaining single mode operation.
Boost-Activated Bridge Operation of the Tripolar (2022)

The Tripolar pad (TPP) is a multi-coil design which has shown to offer various advantages over single-phase systems such as improved power density and selective energisation. This paper will introduce a new circuit topology that enables selective operation of the three-phase coil as three, two or single phase operations with increased control and reduced switch count. The working principle is validated via electrical simulation at an output power of approximately 21kW at an input voltage bus of 450V.
Association of Polyomavirus Middle Tumor Antigen with Phospholipase C-γ1 (1995)

Middle tumor antigen (MT) is the primary transforming protein of murine Polyomavirus. MT transforms by associating with and modulating the activities of cellular proteins involved in control of cell proliferation. MT binds to and is phosphorylated by cellular tyrosine kinases. The phosphorylated tyrosines become docking sites for SH2 (Src homology 2) domain-containing molecules. Tyrosine 322 of MT is known to be phosphorylated but has no known binding protein. We have found that phospholipase C-gamma 1 (PLC-gamma 1), a SH2 domain-containing protein, coimmunoprecipitates with MT. Tyrosine phosphorylation of PLC-gamma 1 is elevated in cells expressing MT, suggesting activation of this enzyme by MT. A Tyr-322-->Phe mutation in MT renders it defective in MT-PLC-gamma 1 interaction and in transformation. From the correlation between transformation and MT-PLC-gamma 1 interaction, we suggest that PLC-gamma 1 may play a role in transformation.
Optical properties of thermomechanical pulp (TMP) obtained from sulfite-pretreated Norway spruce with focus on two-photon spectral imaging (TPSI) (2012)

Abstract Chips of Norway spruce have been impregnated with Na 2 SO 3 and refined at two specific energy consumptions levels at full mill scale. The optical properties of thermomechanical pulps (TMPs) obtained were analyzed in terms of brightness, light scattering, opacity, and autofluorescence by spectral imaging. Even at low sulfite dosage (0.24% sulfite by dry weight) light absorption was reduced, and the brightness was elevated, and a clear dose-response effect was observed. Two-photon spectral imaging (TPSI) showed that sulfonation, impregnation, and refining affect the fluorescence properties differently. Compared to native wood, both processed wood chips and pulp fibers revealed blue-shifted fluorescence maxima, a characteristic of shortened conjugated systems. Two subpopulations of fibers with different optical properties were observed, and the fluorescence of one fiber population was red shifted.
Empleo del sistema biotina/estreptavidina en la modificacion de eritrocitos como vectores terapeuticos (1997)

El sistema biotina-estreptavidina es el propuesto en el presente trabajo para la modificacion de la superficie eritrocitaria, con el fin de elaborar eritrocitos portadores de proteinas (eritrocito biotinilado-estreptavidina-proteina biotinilada). Dependiendo de las proteinas ancladas a la superficie eritrocitaria, se consiguen dos modelos con distintas aplicaciones terapeuticas. Por un lado, la union de un anticuerpo (igg) conduce a la elaboracion de los llamados inmunoeritrocitos, con capacidad para reconocer el antigeno especifico, el cual se expresaria en lugares determinados del organismo. Por otro lado, la union de una proteina con accion farmacologica detreminada (en este caso un fibrinolitico) presenta al eritrocito portador como un sistema capaz de aumentar de forma considerable la presencia en circulacion del agente farmacologico. El trabajo comprueba la viabilidad de las celulas portadoras desarrolladas, no solo in vitro sino tambien in vivo. A su vez, estudia la funcionalidad de la proteina anclada al eritrocito. La presente tesis doctoral demuestra la capacidad de formar derivados celulares estables en circulacion con potenciales fines terapeuticos importantes.
A Review of Operating Department Practitioner Preceptorship (2009)

This project aimed to review current practice within a large National Health Service teaching hospital and to provide a rationale for implementing a change to existing working practice. At the time, operating department practitioners only received a period of mentorship as part of the Trust induction course. There is evidence to support changes to current practices in the directorate with a view to implementing a more structured preceptorship programme.