gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of exogenous phosphorus and silicon on osteoblast differentiation at the interface with bioactive ceramics (2010)

In this study, we have investigated the effects of dissolved phosphorus and silicon on osteoblast differentiation in vitro. Neonatal rat calvarial osteoblasts were seeded on silica-calcium phosphate composites (SCPCS), hydroxyapatite (HA-200), and tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) and incubated over 4 days in media containing 0 {minimal essential medium [MEM] (-)} or 3 mM β-glycerophosphate [MEM (+)]. Inductively coupled plasma analysis showed that P-content in original MEM (+) was 225% higher than that in MEM (-). Moreover, P-content in MEM (+) significantly increased to 3.4-4.4 mM and 3.6-4.7 mM after 2 and 4 days incubation with SCPC, respectively, owing to material dissolution and exogenous phosphate supplementation. In contrast, P-content in MEM (+) showed no change upon incubation with HA or TCPS. The P-content in MEM (-) incubated with SCPC was considerably lower than that in MEM (+). SCPC exhibited controlled Si-release in cell culture media [MEM (-) or MEM (+)], with Si-rich SCPC showing a significantly greater dissolution than Si-poor SCPC. Moreover, SCPC, unlike HA, demonstrated a cell- and solution-mediated dissolution over 4 days. Quantitative real-time PCR showed that in MEM (-), osteocalcin and osteopontin mRNA expression on Si-rich SCPC was significantly greater than that on HA, suggesting that Si plays an important role in enhancing bone-cell differentiation. However, osteoblast phenotypic expression on SCPC was significantly decreased after 4 days incubation in MEM (+), indicating that sustained exposure to elevated P-levels in the media can downregulate osteoblast function. Our results demonstrate that the controlled dissolution of SCPC provides a natural stimulus for bone-cell differentiation in vitro and could obviate the need of exogenous phosphate supplementation.
The Wi-Fi privacy ticker (2010)

Anyone within range of an 802.11 wireless network ("Wi-Fi") can use free software to collect the unencrypted web traffic of others on the network. However, many Wi-Fi users are completely unaware of the risk that this creates. This work aims to improve users' awareness about what they expose to others on Wi-Fi networks and provide them with some control. Our system, the Wi-Fi Privacy Ticker, displays information about the exposure of sensitive terms that are sent to and from a user's computer and prevents the unencrypted transmission of terms from the user's computer that she has identified as highly sensitive. In a three-week field study with 17 participants, we found that the Wi-Fi Privacy Ticker improved participants' awareness of the circumstances in which their personal information is transmitted. We show that this heightened awareness contributed to changes in their behavior while on Wi-Fi.
Selective Measurement of the Time‐Dependence of Transient Overhauser Effects in Magnetic Resonance: Applications to Oligonucleotides (1994)

The analysis of cross‐ and diagonal‐peak intensities is much faster with the one‐dimensional NMR experiments described here than with two‐dimensional NOESY. This accelerates the comparison of predictions from molecular dynamics calculations with experimental observations, as demonstrated by the example of cytosine‐9 in duplex d(CGCGAATTCGCG) 2 .
Long term behaviour of organotin stabilised PVC products under landfill conditions. : Executive summary for the Organotin Environmental Programme (ORTEP) and Vinyl Institute, Technical University of Hamburg-Harburg, Hamburg, and Environmental Studies, Linköping University, (2000)

Long term behaviour of organotin stabilised PVC products under landfill conditions. : Executive summary for the Organotin Environmental Programme (ORTEP) and Vinyl Institute, Technical University of Hamburg-Harburg, Hamburg, and Environmental Studies, Linkoping University,
Distributed feedback gallium nitride nanowire lasers (2014)

Achieving single-mode laser operation in nanowire lasers remains a challenge due to a lack of mode selection approaches. We have implemented single-mode lasing using distributed feedback by externally coupling gallium nitride nanowires to a dielectric grating to achieve mode-control. The effective periodicity of the grating experienced by the nanowire was altered using nanomanipulation to change the angular alignment between the nanowire and the grating. The effective periodicity controls the spectral location of the distributed feedback stop-band. Single-mode emission was achieved at an alignment, where the designed periodicity of the grating was experienced by the nanowire.
Modeling Computer Memory Based on Ferromagnetic/Superconductor Multilayers (2019)

Understanding the physics of superconductor-ferromagnet transistors and pseudospin-valve devices adds remarkable capabilities to the practical design of large superconducting circuits, in which energy dissipation is minimized. To maintain the quality and speed of large-circuit simulations, the phenomenological models of individual devices must be simplified as much as possible. The authors show how to combine nonlinear devices in a working superconducting circuit, and how two types of nonlinear elements, described by different physics, interact with each other and behave in large, complex electronic circuits.
Advances with phospholipid signalling as a target for anticancer drug development. (1995)

The phosphatidylinositol-3-kinases (PtdIns-3-kinase) are a family of enzymes involved in the control of cell replication. One member of the family, the mammalian p110/p85 PtdIns-3-kinase, is a potential target for anticancer drug development because of its role as a component of growth factor and oncogene activated signalling pathways. There are a number of inhibitors of this PtdIns-3-kinase, the most potent being wortmannin (IC50 4 nM). Wortmannin inhibits cancer cell growth and has shown activity against mouse and human tumor xenografts in mice. Other inhibitors of the PtdIns-3-kinase are halogenated quinones which also inhibit cancer cell growth and have some in vivo antitumor activity. Some D-3-deoxy-3-substituted myo-inositol analogues and their corresponding PtdIns analogues have been synthesized. They may act as myo-inositol antimetabolites in the PtdIns-3-kinase pathway and they can inhibit cancer cell growth.
Leader Selection for Minimizing Convergence Error in Leader-Follower Systems: A Supermodular Optimization Approach (2012)

Network Optimisation
Measurements of anisotropy in the cosmic microwave background radiation at 0.5 deg angular scales near the star gamma ursae minoris (1994)

We present results from a four-frequency observation of a 6^deg^ x 0.6^deg^ strip of the sky centered near the star Gamma Ursae Minoris (GUM) during the fourth flight of the Millimeter-wave Anisotropy experiment (MAX). The observation was made with a 1.4^deg^ peak-to-peak sinusoidal chop in all bands. The FWHM beam sizes were 0.55^deg^ +/- 0.05^deg^ at 3.5 cm^-1^ and 0.75^deg^ +/- 0.05^deg^ at 6,9, and 14 cm^- 1^. During this observation significant correlated structure was observed at 3.5,6 and 9 cm^-1^ with amplitudes similar to those observed in the GUM region during the second and third flights of MAX. The frequency spectrum is consistent with cosmic microwave background (CMB) and inconsistent with thermal emission from interstellar dust. The extrapolated amplitudes of synchrotron and free-free emission are too small to account for the amplitude of the observed structure. If all of the structure is attributed to CMB anisotropy with a Gaussian autocorrelation function and a coherence angle of 25', then the most probable values of {DELTA}T/T_CMB_ in the 3.5, 6, and 9 cm^-1^ bands are 4.3_-1.6_^+2.7^ x 10^-5^, 2.8_-1.1_^+4.3^ x 10^-5^, and 3.5_-1.6_^+3.0^ x 10^-5^ (95% confidence upper and lower limits), respectively.
An Operator Approach to Popularity-Based Caching in DHTs (2010)

Caching is a long investigated topic in the context of P2P networks and distributed hash tables (DHTs). Most of the proposed caching algorithms are user-centric in the sense that they focus on minimizing the search size or latency as the target metrics. In contrast, we take the network operator-centric view in this paper. We set the total traffic generated by the DHT search as the metric of interest and provide a simple algorithm to achieve a maximum reduction of the traffic. The key of the algorithm is that every node maintains statistics about routed queries and replicates its cached objects only when the popularity of queries for those objects are above a certain threshold. Through extensive simulations, we determine the optimal value of the popularity threshold and show the traffic reduction in comparison with state of the art DHT caching solutions. Our algorithm achieves an average traffic reduction of around 30% as compared to caching along the entire search paths, while maintaining good performance in terms of user-oriented measures such as the number of search hops, or equivalently, the search latency.
Barriers and facilitators in implementing a pilot, pragmatic, telemedicine-delivered healthy lifestyle program for obesity management in a rural, academic obesity clinic (2020)

Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03309787. Registered on 16 October 2017.
Scattering matrix elements of biological particles measured in a flow through system: theory and practice (1989)

Light scattering techniques (including depolarization experiments) applied to biological cells provide a fast nondestructive probe that is very sensitive to small morphological differences. Until now quantitative measurement of these scatter phenomena were only described for particles in suspension. In this paper we discuss the symmetry conditions applicable to the scattering matrices of monodisperse biological cells in a flow cytometer and provide evidence that quantitative measurement of the elements of these scattering matrices is possible in flow through systems. Two fundamental extensions to the theoretical description of conventional scattering experiments are introduced: large cone integration of scattering signals and simultaneous implementation of the localization principle to account for scattering by a sharply focused laser beam. In addition, a specific calibration technique is proposed to account for depolarization effects of the highly specialized optics applied in flow through equipment.
Regulation of Dynamical Systems to Optimal Solutions of Semidefinite Programs: Algorithms and Applications to AC Optimal Power Flow (2014)

This paper considers a collection of networked nonlinear dynamical systems, and addresses the synthesis of feedback controllers that seek optimal operating points corresponding to the solution of network-wide constrained optimization problems. Particular emphasis is placed on the solution of semidefinite programs (SDPs). The design of the feedback controller is grounded on a dual epsilon-subgradient approach, with the dual iterates utilized to dynamically update the dynamical-system reference signals. Global convergence is guaranteed for diminishing stepsize rules, even when the reference inputs are updated at a faster rate than the dynamical-system settling time. The application of the proposed framework to the control of power-electronic inverters in AC distribution systems is discussed. The objective is to bridge the time-scale separation between real-time inverter control and network-wide optimization. Optimization objectives assume the form of SDP relaxations of prototypical AC optimal power flow problems.
Decreased efficacy of twice-weekly intravaginal dehydroepiandrosterone on vulvovaginal atrophy (2014)

The present data show that daily dosing with 0.50% DHEA for 2 weeks followed by twice-weekly dosing is a suboptimal treatment of the symptoms/signs of vulvovaginal atrophy resulting from a substantial loss of the efficacy achieved at daily dosing.
Hepatobiliary malignancies in Wilson disease (2014)

The rate of hepatobiliary malignancies in Wilson disease is very low, even in cirrhotic patients. As a result of the relevant number of ICC in addition to HCC histological analysis through surgical resection or biopsy should be mandatory when a suspect liver lesion is detected. The influence of copper depletion from Wilson disease-specific medical treatment on tumour activity remains to be elucidated.
Methods for the Controlled Reduction of Carrier Lifetime in Power Devices (2007)

Power devices require a thick lightly doped drift layer to support the required blocking capability. In order to obtain also an optimized on-state and dynamic switching behavior, the shape of excess charge carrier profile in the drift region has to be tailored. Often, and especially for freewheeling diodes, this can only be achieved by a precise adjustment of the carrier lifetime. In this work, we use the free carrier absorption technique to determine the excess charge carrier profile in power diodes. Methods to extract the carrier lifetime from the carrier profile of platinum diffused diodes are demonstrated. The injection level and temperature dependence of the carrier lifetime are determined. The origin of the specific shape of the excess charge carrier profile is analyzed by complementary measurements of the deep level profile by DLTS.
100 Years of BCG Immunization: Past, Present, and Future (2022)

The 100th anniversary of the introduction of Bacille-Calmette-Guérin (BCG) as a tuberculosis (TB) vaccine is an occasion warranting further investigation of the early attempts which culminated in the introduction of BCG as a TB vaccine, as well as of subsequent recognition of failures, new findings that broaden its applications, outstanding questions, and approaches towards the development of novel vaccine candidates [...].
A V-shaped cationic dye for nonlinear optical bioimaging (2011)

A symmetric cationic molecule with D-π-A(+)-π-D architecture was synthesized with high two-photon absorption cross-section (σ(2) ≈ 1140 GM). Application as a marker in fluorescence microscopy of living cells revealed its presence inside the cell staining vesicular shape organelles in the cytoplasm. Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy shows that it is also able to penetrate within the nucleus.
Development of Excellent Lipstick with Ultra-Thin Silicone Coating Technology for Pigment. (1993)

In order to develop an excellent lipstick without darkened color or difference between the product colors and the applied ones, mainly due to aggregation of pigments, we have developed a novel “Ultra-thin silicone coating” technology utilizing a catalytic activity of the pigment surface, and furthermore, a modification technology of this film by introducing functional molecules with an additional reaction.The treated pigments with this novel coating and modification techologies maintained the original fine particle size and showed an excellent dispersibility in oils. By formulating these pigments into lipsticks, they provided various superiorities to the conventional lipstick as follows.(1) Show bright, vivid, and glossy color.(2) Not recognize the difference between the product colors and the applied ones.(3) Long-lasting effect on the lips when applied.(4) No sweating in a long period.Moreover, we could develop a new emulsion type lipstick, since the pigments did not aggregate under the presence of water because of the provided hydrophobicity. The emulsion lipstick has two excellent properties in addition to (1)-(4).(5) Soft usability like cream.(6) Protects lips better than conventional lipstick because of moist effect.
Endoscopic ultrasound of the colon for the differentiation of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis in comparison with healthy controls (2014)

Increased total wall thickness has a high positive predictive value for active IBD. EUS can differentiate active UC from CD and quantify the level of colonic inflammation.
ChemInform Abstract: Surface Functionalization of Polyether Dendrimers Using Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Fabrication of Reference Filter for Measurements of EC (Elemental Carbon) and OC (Organic Carbon) in Aerosol Particles (2007)

Reference filters with uniformly deposited, known masses of elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC) were produced by a spray-drying method and a carbon aerosol sampling system. Submicrometer carbon particles were produced by nebulizing a carbon black hydrosol and a potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHP; C 6 H 4 (COOK)(COOH)) solution. Total carbon (TC) concentrations measured at three different locations on the filter showed that the carbon particles were uniformly distributed on the filter. Reference filters were analyzed using thermal optical analysis methods (TOA) IMPROVE and NIOSH 5040-NIIH, and the measured concentrations of TC, EC, and OC were compared to the gravimetrically measured concentrations. TC measurements by both TOA methods used were in excellent agreement with gravimetrically measured TC. It was found that the IMPROVE method produced approximately 3.5 times as much pyrolytically generated elemental carbon (PEC) as did the NIOSH 5040-NIIH method. However, no PEC was detectable on reference filters when both EC and OC were present. This led to discrepancies in EC and OC measurement between the TOA and gravimetric methods. Better agreement was found when PEC generation of pure OC reference filters was taken into account and measurements on filters with both EC and OC deposited were corrected for PEC generation. These data imply that, when both EC and OC are present on the filter, TOA methods are often inaccurate in correctly measuring the amount of PEC generated, with the magnitude of measurement error dependent upon the type of EC and OC present in the sample. In addition, reference filters with OC deposited on top of EC and EC deposited on top of OC were generated and analyzed. From these reference filters, it was found that PEC measurements are also affected by the way in which the EC and OC deposit on the filter. Overall, the method devised here to create reference EC/OC filters is a simple technique in which EC, OC, and mixed EC-OC particles of a controlled size and chemical composition can be deposited uniformly onto filters and such reference filters will be invaluable in evaluation of TOA methods of EC/OC measurement.
Hardware calibration of the modulated wideband converter (2014)

In the context of Cognitive Radio (CR), opportunistic transmissions can exploit temporarily vacant spectral bands. Efficient and reliable spectrum sensing is key in the CR process. CR receivers traditionally deal with wideband signals with high Nyquist rates and low Signal to Noise Ratios (SNRs). Sub-Nyquist sampling of such signals has been proposed for efficient sampling in CRs. The modulated wideband converter (MWC) is an example of such a sampling scheme. It is composed of an analog front-end, that aliases the signal intentionally before sampling it at a low rate. The signal can then be digitally reconstructed from the low rate samples, using the known relation between the samples and the original signal. Unfortunately, in real hardware implementation, this relation becomes unknown. Physical effects have a considerable impact on the sampling process, and as a consequence, the signal cannot be reliably recovered. In this paper, we present an efficient automated calibration algorithm that builds the actual transfer function of the system, without any prior knowledge. We then present a new, MWC based, CR prototype, on which the calibration algorithm was tested. Experiments on our hardware prototype, based on an embedded proprietary card, show that our calibrated transfer function leads to signal reconstruction whereas the theoretical one fails. Our specification complies with CR requirements of the IEEE standard 802.22 and was experimentally verified with different modulations. It vastly improves a previous prototype in terms of bandwidth, higher maximal frequency and coping with lower SNR.
Employment of an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle as mobile bridge among heterogeneous acoustic nodes (2017)

Nowadays, underwater acoustic communication is an interesting topic of research. This is especially true in the case of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs): due to the limitations of underwater environment, where wireless and radio communications are not possible, it is very important to possess efficient and reliable tools for acoustic data exchange. Indeed, an underwater network of acoustic nodes can enhance the navigation and localization capabilities of one or more vehicles. In this paper, the authors investigate the use of an AUV as a mobile bridging node within a network of fixed heterogeneous acoustic modems. In particular, MARTA AUV, developed and built by the Department of Industrial Engineering (DIEF) of the University of Florence is employed in order to enable data transmission between modems of different manufacturers. Suitable bridging tests, whose results are proposed in this paper, were executed in order to evaluate the feasibility of such approach, showing that AUVs can efficiently accomplish the role of gateway between the nodes of the network.
Potent trifluoromethoxy, trifluoromethylsulfonyl, trifluoromethylthio and pentafluorosulfanyl containing (1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)benzamides against drug-resistant Gram-positive bacteria (2019)

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) affects about 80 000 patients in the US annually and directly causes about 11 000 deaths. Therefore, despite the fact that there are several drugs available for the treatment of MRSA, there is a need for new chemical entities. We previously reported that 1,3,4-oxadiazolyl sulfonamide <b>F6</b> was bacteriostatic and inhibited MRSA strains with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 2 μg mL<sup>-1</sup>. Here, we report the discovery of trifluoromethoxy (OCF<sub>3</sub>), trifluoromethylsulfonyl (SO<sub>2</sub>CF<sub>3</sub>), trifluoromethylthio (SCF<sub>3</sub>) and pentafluorosulfanyl (SF<sub>5</sub>) containing (1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)benzamides exhibiting potent antibacterial activities against MRSA [MIC values as low as 0.06 μg mL<sup>-1</sup> against linezolid-resistant <i>S. aureus</i> (NRS 119)]. Interestingly, whereas the OCF<sub>3</sub> and SO<sub>2</sub>CF<sub>3</sub> containing oxadiazoles were bacteriostatic, the SCF<sub>3</sub> and SF<sub>5</sub> containing oxadiazoles were bactericidal. They exhibited a wide spectrum of activities against an extensive panel of Gram-positive bacterial strains, including MRSA, vancomycin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (VRSA), vancomycin-resistant <i>enterococcus</i> (VRE) and methicillin-resistant or cephalosporin-resistant <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>. Furthermore, compounds <b>6</b> and <b>12</b> outperformed vancomycin in clearing intracellular MRSA in infected macrophages. Moreover, the tested compounds behaved synergistically or additively with antibiotics used for the treatment of MRSA infections.