gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Advantages of Hydrogel-Based 3D-Printed Enzyme Reactors and Their Limitations for Biocatalysis (2019)

The development of process steps catalyzed by immobilized enzymes usually encompasses the screening of enzyme variants, as well as the optimization of immobilization protocols and process parameters. Direct immobilization of biocatalysts by physical entrapment into hydrogels can be applied to reduce the effort required for immobilization, as the enzyme-specific optimization of the immobilization procedure is omitted. Physical entrapment is applicable for purified enzymes as well as crude cell extracts. Therefore, it can be used to quickly assess and compare activities of immobilized enzymes. For the application in flow reactors, we developed 3D-printed hydrogel lattices for enzyme entrapment as well as matching housings, also manufactured by 3D-printing. Testing the resulting enzyme reactors for three different enzymes, namely alcohol dehydrogenase from <i>Lactobacillus brevis</i>, benzoylformate decarboxylase from <i>Pseudomonas putida</i> and β-galactosidase from <i>Aspergillus oryzae</i>, and four different enzymatic reactions showed the broad applicability of the approach but also its limitations. The activity of the immobilized biocatalysts was measured in batch experiments and compared to the kinetics of the respective free enzymes in solution. This comparison yields an effectiveness factor, which is a key figure to describe the extent the immobilized catalyst is effectively utilized. For the examined systems the effectiveness factor ranged between 6 and 14% and decreased with increasing absolute activity of the entrapped enzymes due to mass transfer limitations. To test the suitability of the hydrogel lattices for continuous operation, they were inserted into 3D-printed reactor housings and operated at constant flow. Stable product formation could be monitored over a period of 72 h for all four enzymatic systems, including two reactions with redox cofactor regeneration. Comparing calculated and experimental conversion in the continuous setup, higher values of the effectiveness factor in batch experiments also hint at good performance in continuous flow. This can be used to optimize complex biocatalytic reactions on a small scale.
Development of an anatomically correct mouse phantom for dosimetry measurement in small animal radiotherapy research (2019)

Significant improvements in radiotherapy are likely to come from biological rather than technical optimization, for example increasing tumour radiosensitivity via combination with targeted therapies. Such paradigms must first be evaluated in preclinical models for efficacy, and recent advances in small animal radiotherapy research platforms allow advanced irradiation protocols, similar to those used clinically, to be carried out in orthotopic models. Dose assessment in such systems is complex however, and a lack of established tools and methodologies for traceable and accurate dosimetry is currently limiting the capabilities of such platforms and slowing the clinical uptake of new approaches. Here we report the creation of an anatomically correct phantom, fabricated from materials with tissue-equivalent electron density, into which dosimetry detectors can be incorporated for measurement as part of quality control (QC). The phantom also allows training in preclinical radiotherapy planning and cross-institution validation of dose delivery protocols for small animal radiotherapy platforms without the need to sacrifice animals, with high reproducibility. Mouse CT data was acquired and segmented into soft tissue, bone and lung. The skeleton was fabricated using 3D printing, whilst lung was created using computer numerical control (CNC) milling. Skeleton and lung were then set into a surface-rendered mould and soft tissue material added to create a whole-body phantom. Materials for fabrication were characterized for atomic composition and attenuation for x-ray energies typically found in small animal irradiators. Finally cores were CNC milled to allow intracranial incorporation of bespoke detectors (alanine pellets) for dosimetry measurement.
Chirped fiber-grating-integrated optical limiting amplifier for dispersion compensation (2002)

Recently, erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) have made rapid progress in the 1.55-/spl mu/m band optical fiber transmission. However, high bit rate transmission is restricted by large chromatic dispersion of the conventional simple mode fiber (SMF) unless compensating techniques are used. The chirped fiber gratings (CFGs) are attractive as they are passive linear devices, with highly related dispersion, compact size and are relatively easy to fabricate. Using CFGs for dispersion compensation, the EDFAs are inserted repeatedly between SMF and optical circulators (OCs) in order to amplify the signals. However, the repeated spacing is limited by the loss of CFGs, SMF and OCs. In this report, by inserting a bi-directional EDFA between the OC and CFGs, we proposed an optical limiting amplifier (OLA) configuration in multi-wavelength for dispersion compensation. The link budget and dynamic range characteristics, bit-error-rate (BER) performance as well as the eye-diagram of the modulated signals were investigated and discussed.
A Full-Duplex Transceiver with CMOS RF Circulation and Code-Domain Signal Processing for 104 dB Self-Interference Rejection and Watt Level TX Power Handling (2020)

This paper describes a full-duplex (FD) radio transceiver that uses CMOS RFICs to realize high power handling and linearity. A high-rejection, magnetic-less CMOS circulator at the antenna along with high-rejection, blocker-tolerant RF code-domain correlators achieve high transmitter (TX) rejection in the RF domain. Code-domain operation supports higher linearity in FD applications. Digital cancellation increases the rejection down to noise floor of a software-defined radio (SDR). We compare the role of antenna impedance in the performance of SI rejection. The measured results demonstrate more than 104 dB TX self-interference (TX-SI) rejection at 20 dBm TX power. To the best of our knowledge, this work presents the best reported TX-SI rejection at more than 20 dBm.
Sodium Channel Blockers (2007)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVPerspectiveNEXTSodium Channel BlockersDonald J. Kyle and Victor I. IlyinView Author Information Discovery Research, Purdue Pharma L.P., 6 Cedar Brook Drive, Cranbury, New Jersey 08512 Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 2007, 50, 11, 2583–2588Publication Date (Web):May 10, 2007Publication History Received21 August 2006Published online10 May 2007Published inissue 1 May 2007https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm061005vhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jm061005vreview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2007 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2736Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Molecules,Neurophysiology,Pharmaceuticals,Rodent models,Sodium Get e-Alerts
The balance of powers: Redox regulation of fibrogenic pathways in kidney injury (2015)

Oxidative stress plays a central role in the pathogenesis of diverse chronic inflammatory disorders including diabetic complications, cardiovascular disease, aging, and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Patients with moderate to advanced CKD have markedly increased levels of oxidative stress and inflammation that likely contribute to the unacceptable high rates of morbidity and mortality in this patient population. Oxidative stress is defined as an imbalance of the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in excess of the capacity of cells/tissues to detoxify or scavenge them. Such a state of oxidative stress may alter the structure/function of cellular macromolecules and tissues that eventually leads to organ dysfunction. The harmful effects of ROS have been largely attributed to its indiscriminate, stochastic effects on the oxidation of protein, lipids, or DNA but in many instances the oxidants target particular amino acid residues or lipid moieties. Oxidant mechanisms are intimately involved in cell signaling and are linked to several key redox-sensitive signaling pathways in fibrogenesis. Dysregulation of antioxidant mechanisms and overproduction of ROS not only promotes a fibrotic milieu but leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and further exacerbates kidney injury. Our studies support the hypothesis that unique reactive intermediates generated in localized microenvironments of vulnerable tissues such as the kidney activate fibrogenic pathways and promote end-organ damage. The ability to quantify these changes and assess response to therapies will be pivotal in understanding disease mechanisms and monitoring efficacy of therapy.
Diagnostic evaluation and management of culture‐negative cardiovascular implantable electronic device infections (2018)

Pocket and device cultures in suspected CIED infections may be negative due to preextraction oral antibiotics. However, frequently these patients are managed with broad-spectrum parenteral therapy postextraction.
Generation of diploid Pichia pastoris strains by mating and their application for recombinant protein production (2012)

To the best of our knowledge, this study reports for the first time a comprehensive characterization of recombinant protein expression and fermentation using diploid P. pastoris strains. Data presented here support the use of mating for various applications including strain consolidation, variable-region glycosylation antibody display library, and process optimization.
An Optimized Reactive Power Control of Distributed Solar Inverters in Low Voltage Networks (2011)

This study examines the reactive power ancillary services of solar inverters which are connected to low voltage (LV) distribution networks by giving attention to the grid voltage support service and grid losses. Two typical reference LV distribution network models as suburban and farm are introduced from the literature in order to evaluate contribution of two static droop strategies cosφ(P) and Q(U) on the grid voltage. Photovoltaic (PV) hosting capacities of the suburban and farm networks are estimated and the most predominant limitations of connecting more solar inverters are emphasized for each network type. Regarding the overloading of MV/LV distribution transformers, overloading of lines and the grid overvoltage limitations, new local grid voltage support methods (cosφ(P,U) and Q(U,P)) are also proposed. Resulting maximum allowable penetration levels with different reactive power methods are presented by load flow simulation.
A multi-reader in vitro study using porcine kidneys to determine the impact of integrated circuit detectors and iterative reconstruction on the detection accuracy, size measurement, and radiation dose for small (<4 mm) renal stones (2016)

Background Detection of small renal calculi has benefitted from recent advances in computed tomography (CT) scanner design. Information regarding observer performance when using state-of-the-art CT scanners for this application is needed. Purpose To assess observer performance and the impact of radiation dose for detection and size measurement of <4 mm renal stones using CT with integrated circuit detectors and iterative reconstruction. Material and Methods Twenty-nine <4 mm calcium oxalate stones were randomly placed in 20 porcine kidneys in an anthropomorphic phantom. Four radiologists used a workstation to record each calculus detection and size. JAFROC Figure of Merit (FOM), sensitivity, false positive detections, and calculus size were calculated. Results Mean calculus size was 2.2 ± 0.7 mm. The CTDI<sub>vol</sub> values corresponding to the automatic exposure control settings of 160, 80, 40, 25, and 10 Quality Reference mAs (QRM) were 15.2, 7.9, 4.2, 2.7, and 1.3 mGy, respectively. JAFROC FOM was ≥ 0.97 at ≥ 80 QRM, ≥ 0.89 at ≥ 25 QRM, and was inferior to routine dose (160 QRM) at 10 QRM (0.72, P < 0.05). Per-calculus sensitivity remained ≥ 85% for every reader at ≥ 25 QRM. Mean total false positive detections per reader were ≤ 3 at ≥ 80 QRM, but increased substantially for two readers ( ≥ 12) at ≤ 40 QRM. Measured calculus size significantly decreased at ≤ 25 QRM ( P ≤ 0.01). Conclusion Using low dose renal CT with iterative reconstruction and ≥ 25 QRM results in high sensitivity, but false positive detections increase for some readers at very low dose levels (≤ 40 QRM). At very low doses with iterative reconstruction, measured calculus size will artifactually decrease.
An Analytical Expression for Estimating a Buried Object's Location, Orientation and Magnetic Polarization to Support UXO Discrimination (2007)

A new physics based expression is presented for determining a buried object's location, orientation and magnetic polarizability. The approach assumes the target exhibits a dipolar response and uses only three global values: (1) a H magnetic field vector, (2) a vector potential A and (3) a scalar magnetic potential psi all at a single location in space. To illustrate the accuracy of the proposed algorithm, several numerical results are demonstrated using synthetic data for one and three dipoles.
Palm oil production through sustainable plantations (2007)

Abstract The Malaysian oil palm industry is one of the most highly organised sectors of any national agriculture system of the world. Today, though, the focus has shifted to how well agriculture also meets universally accepted standards of sustainability. This paper highlights the development of oil palm cultivation and responsible farming practices in Malaysia, the world's largest producer of palm oil. The oil palm has had a natural head start in fulfilling sustainability indicators due to its plant physiology of high productivity and efficient carbon assimilation. Over the last 50 years, R&amp;D activities and technological advances have helped raise yields and reduce inputs, thereby maximising oil production from a smaller land area than used for other food crops. Palm oil is now a major source of sustainable and renewable raw material for the world's food, oleochemical and biofuel industries. Involvement in cultivation or downstream activities has uplifted the quality of life of people, a key plank of the sustainability platform. In particular, this has helped alleviate poverty among landless farmers in Malaysia. Industry players have recently joined hands with other stakeholders to pursue certification of sustainably produced palm oil with full traceability. Also being explored are measures to conserve forests with high value and the wildlife population.
Multiple Factor Auction Design for Wind Rights (2012)

The best sites for offshore wind farms on the US Outer Continental Shelf are scarce. To make the best use of this scarce resource, it is necessary to implement a fair and efficient mechanism to assign wind rights to companies that are most likely to develop off-shore wind energy projects. Coastal states, particularly along the eastern seaboard, are taking aggressive actions to spur the growth of an offshore wind sector in their states to help meet their renewable portfolio targets while nurturing the supporting on-shore infrastructure. This paper discusses the design of multi-factor auctions for wind rights, in which multiple factors are used in bid evaluation. This may be especially useful in settings where states (and potential bidders) have already taken actions to foster offshore wind development. The paper complements Ausubel and Cramton (2011) on the design of price-only auctions for wind rights.
The effect of amantadine on spontaneous locomotor activity in the rat (1971)

Journal Article The effect of amantadine on spontaneous locomotor activity in the rat Get access H C Fibiger, H C Fibiger The Kinsmen Laboratory of Neurological Research, Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver 8, B.C., Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M Fox, M Fox The Kinsmen Laboratory of Neurological Research, Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver 8, B.C., Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E G McGeer, E G McGeer The Kinsmen Laboratory of Neurological Research, Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver 8, B.C., Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P L McGeer P L McGeer The Kinsmen Laboratory of Neurological Research, Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver 8, B.C., Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Volume 23, Issue 9, September 1971, Pages 724–725, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7158.1971.tb08759.x Published: 12 April 2011
Nirmatrelvir, Molnupiravir, and Remdesivir maintain potent in vitro activity against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant (2022)

Abstract Variants of SARS-CoV-2 have become a major public health concern due to increased transmissibility, and escape from natural immunity, vaccine protection, and monoclonal antibody therapeutics. The highly transmissible Omicron variant has up to 32 mutations within the spike protein, many more than previous variants, heightening these concerns of immune escape. There are now multiple antiviral therapeutics that have received approval for emergency use by the FDA and target both the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and the main protease (Mpro), which have accumulated fewer mutations in known SARS-CoV-2 variants. Here we test nirmatrelvir (PF-07321332), and other clinically relevant SARS-CoV-2 antivirals, against a panel of SARS-CoV-2 variants, including the novel Omicron variant, in live-virus antiviral assays. We confirm that nirmatrelvir and other clinically relevant antivirals all maintain activity against all variants tested, including Omicron.
Rapid Antibacterial Activity of Cannabichromenic Acid against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (2020)

Methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) has proven to be an imminent threat to public health, intensifying the need for novel therapeutics. Previous evidence suggests that cannabinoids harbour potent antibacterial activity. In this study, a group of previously inaccessible phytocannabinoids and synthetic analogues were examined for potential antibacterial activity. The minimum inhibitory concentrations and dynamics of bacterial inhibition, determined through resazurin reduction and time-kill assays, revealed the potent antibacterial activity of the phytocannabinoids against gram-positive antibiotic-resistant bacterial species, including MRSA. One phytocannabinoid, cannabichromenic acid (CBCA), demonstrated faster and more potent bactericidal activity than vancomycin, the currently recommended antibiotic for the treatment of MRSA infections. Such bactericidal activity was sustained against low-and high-dose inoculums as well as exponential- and stationary-phase MRSA cells. Further, mammalian cell viability was maintained in the presence of CBCA. Finally, microscopic evaluation suggests that CBCA may function through the degradation of the bacterial lipid membrane and alteration of the bacterial nucleoid. The results of the current study provide encouraging evidence that cannabinoids may serve as a previously unrecognised resource for the generation of novel antibiotics active against MRSA.
Microwave-assisted synthesis of TEMPO-labeled hydrogels traceable with MRI (2018)

Polymer functionalization strategies have recently attracted considerable attention for several applications in biomaterials science. In particular, technological advancements in medical imaging have focused on the design of polymeric matrices to improve non-invasive approaches and diagnostic accuracy. In this scenario, the use of microwave irradiation of aqueous solutions containing appropriate combinations of polymers is gaining increasing interest in the synthesis of sterile hydrogels without using monomers, eliminating the need to remove unreacted species. In this study, we developed a method for the in situ fabrication of TEMPO-labeled hydrogels based on a one-pot microwave reaction that can then be tracked by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) without using toxic compounds that could be hostile for the target tissue. Click chemistry was used to link TEMPO to the polymeric scaffold. In an in vivo model, the system was able to preserve its TEMPO paramagnetic activity up to 1 month after hydrogel injection, showing a clear detectable signal on T<sub>1</sub>-weighted MRI with a longitudinal relaxivity value of 0.29 mM s<sup>-1</sup>, comparable to a value of 0.31 mM s<sup>-1</sup> characteristic of TEMPO application. The uncleavable conjugation between the contrast agent and the polymeric scaffold is a leading point to record these results: the use of TEMPO only physically entrapped in the polymeric scaffold did not show MRI traceability even after few hours. Moreover, the use of TEMPO-labeled hydrogels can also help to reduce the number of animals sacrificed being a longitudinal non-invasive technique.
Conversing with the user based on eye-gaze patterns (2005)

Motivated by and grounded in observations of eye-gaze patterns in human-human dialogue, this study explores using eye-gaze patterns in managing human-computer dialogue. We developed an interactive system, iTourist, for city trip planning, which encapsulated knowledge of eye-gaze patterns gained from studies of human-human collaboration systems. User study results show that it was possible to sense users' interest based on eye-gaze patterns and manage computer information output accordingly. Study participants could successfully plan their trip with iTourist and positively rated their experience of using it. We demonstrate that eye-gaze could play an important role in managing future multimodal human-computer dialogues.