gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Forward and backward propagation in positive and negative index materials (2013)

Forward and backward propagation can both be modeled in terms ofWigner distributions or alternatively in terms of spatial frequency transfer functions. We use both formalisms to show that, for non-evanescent waves, forward propagation in a negative index material is equivalent to backward propagation in a positive index medium. We consider the implications of this fact for several specific problems, including imaging 3D objects, imaging through thin phase screens, Fresnel holography, and speckle.
Correction. Total Synthesis of (+)-Latrunculin B (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCorrection. Total Synthesis of (+)-Latrunculin BRegina. Zibuck, Nigel J. Liverton, and Amos B. SmithCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 16, 5041Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1986Publication History Published online24 February 2004Published inissue 1 August 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00276a606https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00276a606research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views67Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Approaches to Palliative Therapies for Alzheimers Disease (2006)

Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by gradual and increasing loss of cognitive function and behavioral abnormalities. The formation of beta-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are recognized as the key pathologies of the disease. Changes in the levels of various key neurotransmitters has been noted in patients with Alzheimer's disease and may represent the earliest biochemical casualty, preceding or signifying the onset of the disease. Over the last 20 years a number of approaches to the palliative treatment of Alzheimer's disease have been scrutinized. The majority of effort has been focused on cognitive dysfunction, as this is the initial and key debilitating symptom of the disease. The identification and commercial development of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitors has, until recently, virtually dominated the field, and although efficacy has been demonstrated, the clinical results suggest alternate approaches are warranted. This review will highlight those palliative approaches that have focused on the improvement of learning and memory and not on the disease-modifying strategies of the beta-amyloid, tau phosphorylation or other neurodegenerative hypotheses.
Protecting Endpoint Devices in IoT Supply Chain (2015)

The Internet of Things (IoT), an emerging global network of uniquely identifiable embedded computing devices within the existing Internet infrastructure, is transforming how we live and work by increasing the connectedness of people and things on a scale that was once unimaginable. In addition to increased communication efficiency between connected objects, the IoT also brings new security and privacy challenges. Comprehensive measures that enable IoT device authentication and secure access control need to be established. Existing hardware, software, and network protection methods, however, are designed against fraction of real security issues and lack the capability to trace the provenance and history information of IoT devices. To mitigate this shortcoming, we propose an RFID-enabled solution that aims at protecting endpoint devices in IoT supply chain. We take advantage of the connection between RFID tag and control chip in an IoT device to enable data transfer from tag memory to centralized database for authentication once deployed. Finally, we evaluate the security of our proposed scheme against various attacks.
A Practical Radical Based Access to Functionalized Geminal Bisphosphonates. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Antenna-coupled infrared detectors (2004)

Uncooled bolometric detectors used in infrared imaging systems have slow time constants (~10 ms) which makes them impractical for fast-frame-rate applications. Antenna-coupled microbolometers are fast uncooled detectors with good sensitivity, directivity and can be polarization and wavelength selective. These detectors have collection areas in the order of 10 &mu;m<sup>2</sup> which are too small for infrared imaging systems where a typical pixel area ranges from 20 × 20 &mu;m<sup>2</sup> to 50 × 50 &mu;m<sup>2</sup>. In this paper two different types of detectors that can cover a typical pixel area are fabricated and their performance measured. The first type of IR pixel is a two-dimensional array of serially connected antenna-coupled microbolometers. These arrays can cover any pixel area and increase the signal-to-noise ratio of a single detector by a factor of N for an N×N array. The second IR pixel was fabricated by using a Fresnel Zone Plate Lens (FZPL) to collect and focus energy to a single antenna-coupled detector. An FZPL-coupled detector of 200 µm in diameter showed a 2× increase in D* compared to single element detectors. An 8 × 8 array of antenna-coupled pixels were fabricated on a commercial ROIC, measurements made on this antenna-coupled infrared focal plane array showed that the integration of antenna-coupled detectors to a commercial ROIC is possible.
Diagnostic Performance of 0.55 T MRI for Intracranial Aneurysm Detection (2022)

TOF-MRA acquired with a modern 0.55 T MRI is a reliable tool for the detection and initial assessment of IAs.
Epicardial Surface Area of Infarction (2021)

The EpiSA of infarction is a novel index of infarct morphology which accurately predicts MO during the first 2 weeks of MI, but unlike MO, does not disappear with infarct healing. This index has potential as a stable surrogate of the presence of acute MO and may be useful as a predictor of adverse remodeling and outcome which is less dependent on the time window of patient assessment.
The application of high-throughput analyses to cancer diagnosis and prognosis (2013)

The advent of high-throughput technologies in the 1990s generated great anticipation that patterns of gene expression or of other molecular characteristics of tissues or tumors would allow refinements in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment selection to revolutionize the treatment of cancer. A voluminous literature was generated. Companies were formed. New statistical methods were developed to analyze the thousands of data elements that were analyzed in scores of samples. A large number of important discoveries have come from the ability to perform wholesale analyses of gene expression, gene methylation, and DNA alterations. However, application of high-throughput technologies to clinical practice and to decision-making that affects patient care has been slow to evolve from these findings. Thus early anticipation that macromolecular profiles of cancers would replace conventional diagnostics and provide prognostic insight has largely been unfulfilled. There are some important instances where the management of some cancers has incorporated information that was originally gleaned from high-throughput analyses. This chapter will summarize different approaches to high-throughput analysis and enumerate the instances where results from these approaches have impacted patient care.
A guide for human factors research with stereoscopic 3D displays (2015)

In this work, we provide some common methods, techniques, information, concepts, and relevant citations for those conducting human factors-related research with stereoscopic 3D (S3D) displays. We give suggested methods for calculating binocular disparities, and show how to verify on-screen image separation measurements. We provide typical values for inter-pupillary distances that are useful in such calculations. We discuss the pros, cons, and suggested uses of some common stereovision clinical tests. We discuss the phenomena and prevalence rates of stereoanomalous, pseudo-stereoanomalous, stereo-deficient, and stereoblind viewers. The problems of eyestrain and fatigue-related effects from stereo viewing, and the possible causes, are enumerated. System and viewer crosstalk are defined and discussed, and the issue of stereo camera separation is explored. Typical binocular fusion limits are also provided for reference, and discussed in relation to zones of comfort. Finally, the concept of measuring disparity distributions is described. The implications of these issues for the human factors study of S3D displays are covered throughout.
Serpin inhibitors of urokinase and thrombin in normal rat brain and the 9L brain tumor: evidence for elevated expression of protease nexin I-like inhibitor and a novel sodium dodecyl sulfate-activated tumor antithrombin. (1990)

Increasing attention is being paid to alterations of the hemostatic balance in tumors, in general, and brain tumors, in particular. Apparently divergent results, showing excess fibrinolysis (i.e., increased plasminogen activator activity) or its inhibition (i.e., increased inhibitor activity), have been reported. The 9L rat brain tumor is a gliosarcoma and a model used to study treatment paradigms for human gliomas. To study the roles of fibrin and fibrinolysis in this brain tumor model, we used these features to investigate the nature of the plasminogen activator (PA) and thrombin inhibitors in normal rat brain and in the 9L rat brain tumor, growing both in vitro and in vivo in rat brain. The results indicate that cells cultured from the tumor in vitro express PA inhibitory activity which is both of the protease nexin I and PA inhibitor 1 types. However, the serpin PA inhibitory activity in extracts of both the normal brain and tumor is of the protease nexin I/PA inhibitor 3 type. This activity is higher in the tumor than in the surrounding "normal" tissue. In addition, we present evidence for a novel thrombin inhibitor which (a) is present only in the tumor growing in rat brain and undetectable either in the normal brain tissue or in vitro, (b) is in a latent, but sodium dodecyl sulfate-activatable, state, and (c) does not bind urokinase. In current studies, investigators are exploring the roles of these molecules and the target serine proteases they inhibit in the pathogenesis of gliomas.
CO2 Absorption Kinetics of Micro-encapsulated Ionic Liquids (2017)

For widespread adoption of carbon capture and storage to fight climate change, major reductions in both the energy use and capital cost of carbon capture are needed. Many purpose-designed, water-lean solvents have recently been developed to improve the energy-efficiency of carbon capture. These solvents, including ionic liquids (ILs), have shown promise for substantially lower energy demand in post-combustion capture but have drawbacks like high viscosity and solid precipitates. Micro-encapsulation is a technique where a solvent is encased in small (∼500 μm diameter), spherical shells of a CO2-permeable polymer, greatly increasing the reactive surface area of the solvent and safely containing solid precipitates. Here, we show the kinetics of an IL are enhanced by microencapsulation. The kinetics of the IL in liquid and encapsulated form are compared with those for sodium carbonate solution and the cases where the capsule shell material limits mass transfer are identified. Finally, we make the first demonstration of microencapsulated CO2 solvents in a flow-through, fixed bed reactor. CO2 absorption rates are broadly in agreement with static CO2 absorption measurements made previously.
Long-term and large-scale multispecies dataset tracking population changes of common European breeding birds (2020)

Around fifteen thousand fieldworkers annually count breeding birds using standardized protocols in 28 European countries. The observations are collected by using country-specific and standardized protocols, validated, summarized and finally used for the production of continent-wide annual and long-term indices of population size changes of 170 species. Here, we present the database and provide a detailed summary of the methodology used for fieldwork and calculation of the relative population size change estimates. We also provide a brief overview of how the data are used in research, conservation and policy. We believe this unique database, based on decades of bird monitoring alongside the comprehensive summary of its methodology, will facilitate and encourage further use of the Pan-European Common Bird Monitoring Scheme results. The Pan-European Common Bird Monitoring Scheme database is organised into five datasets: (1) European species indices, (2) European species trends, (3) European species trends for three short periods, (4) a list of details on the national monitoring schemes and (5) a matrix of countries providing data for population size estimates of individual species. Moreover, national-level species indices and uncertainty estimates are also available in the PECBMS database. Due to specific privacy ownership rights, the most recent (2016-2017) data from Spain (10.5281/zenodo.4590140) and Cyprus (10.5281/zenodo.4590189) are under Restricted Access and researchers interested in these most recent updates are required to provide a brief description of the data use. The Austrian and Portuguese datasets are publicly available but researchers using these datasets are kindly requested to notify the national scheme coordinators of their use. A list of regularly updated contacts to all national scheme coordinators is provided at the PECBMS website (https://pecbms.info/country/). We aim to maintain the PECBMS database with annual updates. The annual updates will be available through the PECBMS database deposited at this Zenodo repository to ensure long-term public availability of the data. Updates on data acquisiton and data processing in the dataset released in 2021 are available from: https://pecbms.info/what-is-new-in-2021-data-update/ Updates on data acquisiton and data processing in the dataset released in 2022 are available from: https://pecbms.info/what-is-new-in-2022-data-update/
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES OF HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS. PART 23. DIAZO‐COUPLING‐DEFORMYLATION OF 3,4‐DIALKYL‐1‐ARYL‐6‐OXA‐6AΛ4‐THIA‐1,2‐DIAZAPENTALENES‐ SYNTHESIS OF 3,4‐DIALKYL‐1,6‐DIARYL‐6AΛ4‐THIA‐1,2,5,6‐TETRA‐AZAPENTALENES (1978)

Abstract Partielle Desulfurierung der Dithiadiazapentalene (I) bzw. (V) gibt die Oxa‐thiadiaza‐Analogen (II) bzw. (VI), die sich mit den Diazoniumsalzen′(III) unter Deformylierung zu den symm. Thia‐tetraazapentalenen (IV) bzw. (VII) kondensieren.
Adaptation of an Ammonia Detecting Paint to Commerical Applications (1994)

An ammonia-sensitive coating was developed in feasibility studies sponsored by Lockheed Engineering. The paint comprised a cellulosic binder, a dye, a family of solvents, and plasticizer. The resulting coating formulation proved to be very sensitive to trace levels of Lewis-bases and/or nucleophiles, but was limited to concentrations of approximately 1 ppm and higher. In the months following completion of this Lockheed project, efforts to perfect and optimize the paint formulation continued with internal funding. A unique sensitivity enhancing additive was identified and patented which when applied at concentrations of approximately 10% by weight, transcended the 1 ppm sensitivity barrier to fractional ppb. The paint composition was modified by the addition of certain proprietary agents, which promoted a much more intense yellow color in the coating and enhanced its durability in high-vacuum. Paint preparation is a simple one day procedure that can be completed using conventional equipment. Most of the materials are easily obtained.
Ligand‐Modified Rhodium Catalysts on Porous Silica in the Continuous Gas‐Phase Hydroformylation of Short‐Chain Alkenes–Catalytic Reaction in Liquid‐Supported Aldol Products (2013)

Abstract Ligand‐modified Rh complexes were physically adsorbed on the surface of porous silica. The resulting materials were subjected to the continuous gas‐phase hydroformylation of C 2 and C 4 alkenes. The ligands used for catalyst modification were bidentate phosphorus ligands known from the literature, namely, sulfoxantphos ( 1 ) and a benzopinacol‐based bulky diphosphite 2 . The tested catalyst materials were active and, in particular, selective as in comparable homogeneous liquid‐phase experiments. Long‐term stability experiments over 1000 h on stream showed minor deactivation. A significant increase in the catalyst mass after the reaction was detected by weighing and thermogravimetric analysis. By using headspace‐GC–MS, the mass increase could be attributed to high‐boiling compounds, which are formed in situ during the catalytic reaction itself and accumulate inside the pores of the support. Evidence is given that the initially physisorbed catalyst complexes dissolve in the high‐boiling aldol side‐products, which are suitable solvents for the active catalyst species and provide a liquid‐phase environment held by capillary forces on the support.
Tutorial: XG-PON (2010)

High level taxonomy• There are many techniques in play in the industry • FSAN has attempted to structure these into “NGA1” and “NGA2” • At the roughest level of approximation… • NGA1 = 10G total capacity and compatibility with GPON – 10G serial transmission – CWDM multiplexing • NGA2 = 40G total capacity and compatibility not necessary – True WDM PON, with 1G per wavelength – Hybrid PON, with four 10G wavelengths
Does a Sentinel or a Subset of Short Telomeres Determine Replicative Senescence? (2004)

The proliferative life span of human cells is limited by telomere shortening, but the specific telomeres responsible for determining the onset of senescence have not been adequately determined. We here identify the shortest telomeres by the frequency of signal-free ends after in situ hybridization with telomeric probes and demonstrate that probes adjacent to the shortest ends colocalize with gammaH2AX-positive DNA damage foci in senescent cells. Normal BJ cells growth arrest at senescence before developing significant karyotypic abnormalities. We also identify all of the telomeres involved in end-associations in BJ fibroblasts whose cell-cycle arrest at the time of replicative senescence has been blocked and demonstrate that the 10% of the telomeres with the shortest ends are involved in >90% of all end-associations. The failure to find telomeric end-associations in near-senescent normal BJ metaphases, the presence of signal-free ends in 90% of near-senescent metaphases, and the colocalization of short telomeres with DNA damage foci in senescent interphase cells suggests that end-associations rather than damage signals from short telomeres per se may be the proximate cause of growth arrest. These results demonstrate that a specific group of chromosomes with the shortest telomeres rather than either all or only one or two sentinel telomeres is responsible for the induction of replicative senescence.
NMDA RECEPTOR ENCEPHALITIS MIMICKING SERONEGATIVE NEUROMYELITIS OPTICA (2010)

NMDA receptor antibody encephalitis typically begins as a fulminant encephalopathy, with prominent neuropsychiatric manifestations, seizures, dyskinesias, and autonomic instability. After this often dramatic presentation, 1-3 relapses may occur. Most patients either die or recover from the disease.1 We describe a 15-year-old girl who initially presented with encephalopathy, hypoventilation, dyskinesias, and seizures. Her subsequent course was atypical, with more than 10 relapses during the next year, with longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM) and optic neuritis (ON) in addition to multifocal, contrast-enhancing gray and white matter lesions. These findings have not been previously reported in anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis. Her disease was ultimately controlled on an aggressive combined regimen of monthly plasmapheresis, pulse methylprednisolone and cyclophosphamide, and rituximab.

### Case report.

A 15-year-old girl presented with headaches, photophobia, complex partial seizures, and encephalopathy dominated by hyporesponsiveness. Orofacial dyskinesias were noted. She required intubation for hypoventilatory failure. Her CSF demonstrated 420 leukocytes/mm3 (13% neutrophils, 79% lymphocytes, 8% monocytes). Protein was 103 mg/dL; glucose 38 mg/dL. MRI demonstrated a contrast-enhancing periatrial lesion (figure, A). After a 2-week hospitalization, she recovered without residual symptoms.





Figure Features of atypical anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis

MRI: (A) Initial contrast-enhancing lesion; (B) longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis; (C) continued development of contrast-enhancing lesions; (D) retrochiasmatic optic neuritis; (E, F) continued accumulation of T2/fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) hyperintense lesion burden, with sagittal FLAIR hyperintensities reminiscent of Dawson's fingers (E). Brain biopsy (from contrast-enhancing frontal lobe lesion): (G) perivascular infiltrate with associated reactive microgliosis; (H) widespread parenchymal destruction mediated by infiltrative lymphocytes and macrophages without selective demyelination; (I) prominent mixed perivascular infiltrate (macrophages, T- and B-lymphocytes with uncommon neutrophils and rare eosinophils). Western blot: (J) Western blot depicting the …
A Comparative Study on the Reactivity of Various Ketohexoses to Furanics in Methanol (2016)

The acid-catalysed dehydration of the four 2-ketohexoses (fructose, sorbose, tagatose and psicose) to furanics was studied in methanol (65 g L(-1) substrate concentration, 17 and 34 mm sulfuric acid, 100 °C) with Avantium high-throughput technology. Significant differences in the reactivities of the hexoses and yields of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and its methyl ether (MMF) were observed. Psicose and tagatose were the most reactive, and psicose also afforded the highest combined yield of MMF and HMF of approximately 55 % at 96 % sugar conversion. Hydroxyacetylfuran and its corresponding methyl ether were formed as byproducts, particularly for sorbose and tagatose, with a maximum combined yield of 8 % for sorbose. The formation of hydroxyacetylfuran was studied through (13) C NMR spectroscopy with labelled sorbose, which provided new insights into the reaction mechanism.
Measurement of the inclusive 3-jet production differential cross section in proton–proton collisions at 7 TeV and determination of the strong coupling constant in the TeV range (2015)

This paper presents a measurement of the inclusive 3-jet production differential cross section at a protonproton centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5 fb -1 collected with the CMS detector. The analysis is based on the three jets with the highest transverse momenta. The cross section is measured as a function of the invariant mass of the three jets in a range of 445-3270 GeV and in two bins of the maximum rapidity of the jets up to a value of 2. A comparison between the measurement and the prediction from perturbative QCD at next-to-leading order is performed. Within uncertainties, data and theory are in agreement. The sensitivity of the observable to the strong coupling constant S is studied. A fit to all data points with 3-jet masses larger than 664 GeV gives a value of the strong coupling constant of S (M Z ) = 0.1171 0.