gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
NIKA2 Cosmological Legacy Survey (2023)

Context. Finding and characterizing the heavily obscured galaxies with extreme star formation up to very high redshift is key for constraining the formation of the most massive galaxies in the early Universe. It has been shown that these obscured galaxies are major contributors to the accumulation of stellar mass to z ~ 4. At higher redshift, and despite recent progress, the contribution of dust-obscured galaxies remains poorly known. Aims. Deep surveys in the millimeter domain are necessary in order to probe the dust-obscured galaxies at high redshift. We conducted a large observing program at 1.2 and 2 mm with the NIKA2 camera installed on the IRAM 30m telescope. This NIKA2 Cosmological Legacy Survey (N2CLS) covers two emblematic fields: GOODS-N and COSMOS. We introduce the N2CLS survey and present new 1.2 and 2 mm number counts measurements based on the tiered N2CLS observations (from October 2017 to May 2021) covering 1169 arcmin 2 . Methods. After a careful data reduction and source extraction, we develop an end-to-end simulation that combines an input sky model with the instrument noise and data reduction pipeline artifacts. This simulation is used to compute the sample purity, flux boosting, pipeline transfer function, completeness, and effective area of the survey (taking into account the non-homogeneous sky coverage). For the input sky model, we used the 117 square degree SIDES simulations, which include galaxy clustering. Our formalism allows us to correct the source number counts to obtain galaxy number counts, the difference between the two being due to resolution effects caused by the blending of several galaxies inside the large beam of single-dish instruments. Results. The N2CLS-May2021 survey is already the deepest and largest ever made at 1.2 and 2 mm. It reaches an average 1 σ - noise level of 0.17 and 0.048 mJy on GOODS-N over 159 arcmin 2 , and 0.46 and 0.14 mJy on COSMOS over 1010 arcmin 2 , at 1.2 and 2 mm, respectively. For a purity threshold of 80%, we detect 120 and 67 sources in GOODS-N and 195 and 76 sources in COSMOS at 1.2 and 2 mm, respectively. At 1.2 mm, the number counts measurement probes consistently 1.5 orders of magnitude in flux density, covering the full flux density range from previous single-dish surveys and going a factor of 2 deeper into the sub-mJy regime. Our measurement connects the bright single-dish to the deep interferometric number counts. At 2 mm, our measurement matches the depth of the deepest interferometric number counts and extends a factor of 2 above the brightest constraints. After correcting for resolution effects, our results reconcile the single-dish and interferometric number counts, which can be further accurately compared with model predictions. Conclusions. While the observation in GOODS-N have already reached the target depth, we expect the final N2CLS survey to be 1.5 times deeper for COSMOS. Thanks to its volume-complete flux selection, the final N2CLS sample will be an ideal reference for conducting a full characterization of dust-obscured galaxies at high redshift.
Fetal Stromal–Dependent Paracrine and Intracrine Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A/Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1 Signaling Promotes Proliferation and Motility of Human Primary Myeloma Cells (2005)

Induction of neoangiogenesis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma. However, the mechanism by which expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A and its receptors modulate the interaction of multiple myeloma cells with stromal cells is not known. Here, we describe a novel in vitro coculture system using fetal bone stromal cells as a feeder layer, which facilitates the survival and growth of human primary multiple myeloma cells. We show that stromal-dependent paracrine VEGF-A signaling promotes proliferation of human primary multiple myeloma cells. Primary multiple myeloma cells only expressed functional VEGF receptor (VEGFR)-1, but not VEGFR-2 or VEGFR-3. VEGFR-1 expression was detected in the cytoplasm and the nuclei of proliferating multiple myeloma cells. Inhibition of VEGFR-1 abrogated multiple myeloma cell proliferation and motility, suggesting that the functional interaction of VEGF-A with its cognate receptor is essential for the growth of primary multiple myeloma cells. Collectively, our results suggest that stromal-dependent paracrine and intracrine VEGF-A/VEGFR-1 signaling contributes to human primary multiple myeloma cell growth and therefore, VEGFR-1 blockade is a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of multiple myeloma.
Identification of the Genome Segments of Bluetongue Virus Type 26/Type 1 Reassortants Influencing Horizontal Transmission in a Mouse Model (2021)

Bluetongue virus serotypes 1 to 24 are transmitted primarily by infected <i>Culicoides</i> midges, in which they also replicate. However, "atypical" BTV serotypes (BTV-25, -26, -27 and -28) have recently been identified that do not infect and replicate in adult <i>Culicoides</i>, or a <i>Culicoides</i> derived cell line (KC cells). These atypical viruses are transmitted horizontally by direct contact between infected and susceptible hosts (primarily small ruminants) causing only mild clinical signs, although the exact transmission mechanisms involved have yet to be determined. We used reverse genetics to generate a strain of BTV-1 (BTV-1 RG<sub>C7</sub>) which is less virulent, infecting IFNAR<sup>(-/-)</sup> mice without killing them. Reassortant viruses were also engineered, using the BTV-1 RG<sub>C7</sub> genetic backbone, containing individual genome segments derived from BTV-26. These reassortant viruses were used to explore the genetic control of horizontal transmission (HT) in the IFNAR<sup>(-/-)</sup> mouse model. Previous studies showed that genome segments 1, 2 and 3 restrict infection of <i>Culicoides</i> cells, along with a minor role for segment 7. The current study demonstrates that genome segments 2, 5 and 10 of BTV-26 (coding for proteins VP2, NS1 and NS3/NS3a/NS5, respectively) are individually sufficient to promote HT.
Comparing the binding properties of peptides mimicking the Envelope protein of SARS‐CoV and SARS‐CoV‐2 to the PDZ domain of the tight junction‐associated PALS1 protein (2020)

The Envelope protein (E) is one of the four structural proteins encoded by the genome of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 Coronaviruses. It is an integral membrane protein, highly expressed in the host cell, which is known to have an important role in Coronaviruses maturation, assembly and virulence. The E protein presents a PDZ-binding motif at its C-terminus. One of the key interactors of the E protein in the intracellular environment is the PDZ containing protein PALS1. This interaction is known to play a key role in the SARS-CoV pathology and suspected to affect the integrity of the lung epithelia. In this paper we measured and compared the affinity of peptides mimicking the E protein from SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 for the PDZ domain of PALS1, through equilibrium and kinetic binding experiments. Our results support the hypothesis that the increased virulence of SARS-CoV-2 compared to SARS-CoV may rely on the increased affinity of its Envelope protein for PALS1.
Motion Compression using Principal Geodesics Analysis (2008)

Due to the growing need for large quantities of human animation data in the entertainment industry, it has become a necessity to compress motion capture sequences in order to ease their storage and transmission. We present a novel, lossy compression method for human motion data that exploits both temporal and spatial coherence. Given one motion, we first approximate the poses manifold using Principal Geodesics Analysis (PGA) in the configuration space of the skeleton. We then search this approximate manifold for poses matching end-effectors constraints using an iterative minimization algorithm that allows for real-time, data-driven inverse kinematics. The compression is achieved by only storing the approximate manifold parametrization along with the end-effectors and root joint trajectories, also compressed, in the output data. We recover poses using the IK algorithm given the end-effectors trajectories. Our experimental results show that considerable compression rates can be obtained using our method, with few reconstruction and perceptual errors.
Interleukin-1 signaling induced by Streptococcus suis serotype 2 is strain-dependent and contributes to bacterial clearance and inflammation during systemic disease in a mouse model of infection (2019)

Streptococcus suis serotype 2 is an important porcine pathogen and zoonotic agent causing sudden death, septic shock and meningitis, with exacerbated inflammation being a hallmark of the infection. A rapid, effective and balanced innate immune response against S. suis is critical to control bacterial growth without causing excessive inflammation. Even though interleukin (IL)-1 is one of the most potent and earliest pro-inflammatory mediators produced, its role in the S. suis pathogenesis has not been studied. We demonstrated that a classical virulent European sequence type (ST) 1 strain and the highly virulent ST7 strain induce important levels of IL-1 in systemic organs. Moreover, bone marrow-derived dendritic cells and macrophages contribute to its production, with the ST7 strain inducing higher levels. To better understand the underlying mechanisms involved, different cellular pathways were studied. Independently of the strain, IL-1β production required MyD88 and involved recognition via TLR2 and possibly TLR7 and TLR9. This suggests that the recognized bacterial components are similar and conserved between strains. However, very high levels of the pore-forming toxin suilysin, produced only by the ST7 strain, are required for efficient maturation of pro-IL-1β via activation of different inflammasomes resulting from pore formation and ion efflux. Using IL-1R<sup>-/-</sup> mice, we demonstrated that IL-1 signaling plays a beneficial role during S. suis systemic infection by modulating the inflammation required to control and clear bacterial burden, thus promoting host survival. Beyond a certain threshold, however, S. suis-induced inflammation cannot be counterbalanced by this signaling, making it difficult to discriminate its role.
Hierarchical silicon nanostructured arrays via metal-assisted chemical etching (2014)

Hierarchically configured nanostructures, such as nanograss and nanowalls, have been fabricated<italic>via</italic>a low-cost approach that combines metal-assisted chemical etching (MaCE), nanosphere lithography and conventional photolithography.
Computational Support to Design and Fabrication of Traditional Indian Jewelry (2014)

The primary objective of this work is to propose a geometric modeling schema so as to help develop traditional Indian ornamental designs. The goal of the work is to automate the generation of user specific designs of traditional Indian jewelry in convenient manner and their quick and easy fabrication. The work involves development of mathematical models and algorithms that can develop novel traditional Indian ornamental designs and in the process to simplify their design process. This approach can improve design and fabrication of ornaments, particularly repeatable products like ornamental jewelry. The objective also includes the reduction of dependence on the formal designers and provides the design tool in the hand of the users capable of generating a large number of traditional designs of their preference. This work is directed towards incorporating artistic and traditional sense and imagination into the design tool so as to facilitate even the persons having least imaginative and artistic skills to design designer jewelry. The design tool and additive manufacturing technology can improve the efficiency as well as productivity of the jewel-smiths. These tools would be effective in significantly shrinking the effort and time required for designing and creating ornamental products.
The effects of nerve growth factor and its antiserum on the postnatal development and survival after injury of sensory neurons in rat dorsal root ganglia (1984)

Nerve growth factor (NGF) is known to be essential for survival and maintenance of sympathetic ganglia and of embryonic sensory ganglia of neural crest origin. The present study examined the physiological and pharmacological roles of NGF in the postnatal development of sensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG). In contrast to what is generally stated in the literature, administration of NGF antiserum to newborn rats for a period of 7 days resulted in a significant (approximately 20%) reduction of neuronal number in the lumbar DRG. Size spectrum analysis of surviving neurons revealed a shift toward larger sizes, presumably due to a preferential loss of small cells. The number of neurons in the L5 DRG was studied at various times after unilateral sciatic nerve crush in 1-day-old rats. Axotomy resulted in a substantial loss (40 to 50%) of neurons in the immature DRG. Administration of NGF antiserum to animals with axotomized DRG did not increase cell death when compared with the axotomized controls. However, the number of neurons in the antiserum-treated ganglia decreased by the same percentage (20%) when compared with the control serum-treated ganglia before and after axotomy. Treatment with NGF initially prevented the loss of neurons in the axotomized DRG. However, some neurons died during the first week despite continued NGF administration; and, subsequent to NGF withdrawal, neuronal number decreased to the same level as in control animals. Thus, removal of exogenous NGF resulted in the death of the sensory neurons which had been maintained.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Table S1 from The Transcriptional Regulator Sin3A Contributes to the Oncogenic Potential of STAT3 (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Primer pairs used in qRT-PCR and ChIP-PCR assays&lt;/p&gt;
Axially asymmetric metal alkyls. Part 3. Chemical, electrochemical, and structural studies of Group 5A d0,1,2metallepines [M{(2-CH2C6H4)2}(η-C5H5)2]z(M = Nb or Ta; z=1–, 0, or 1+); synthesis of [Nb{2-CH2(C6H4)2Me-2′}X(η-C5H5)2](X = Cl or CO) and [{(η-C5H5)2ClV}2{(2-CH2C6H4)2}], and electrochemistry of [M(CH2Ph)2 –nCln(η-C5H5)2](n= 0, M = Nb, or Ta; n= 1, M = V) (1985)

Reaction of [MCl2(η-C5H5)2] with the di-Grignard reagent {o-[(thf)nClMgCH2]C6H4}2 in tetrahydrofuran (thf) yields either the bimetallic complex [{(η-C5H5)2ClV}2{(2-CH2C6H4)2}](2) or the thermally stable metallepines, [M{(2-CH2C6H4)2}(η-C5H5)2][M = Nb (3a) or Ta (3b)]. E.s.r. data on these and the compounds [Nb{2-CH2(C6H4)2Me-2′}Cl(η-C5H5)2](7) and [M(CH2Ph)2 –nCln(η-C5H5)2][n= 1, M = V (8); n= 0, M = Nb (9a) or Ta (9b)], prepared by similar methods, are consistent with each being a d1 complex. Electrochemical reduction and oxidation of (3a) is reversible; the cationic d0 and anionic d2 species have been generated chemically (using AgBF4 and Na[C10H8]) in thf and isolated as salts of [BF4]–, (4a), and [Na(18-crown-6)(thf)2]+, (5), respectively (18-crown-6 = 1,4,7,10,13,16-hexaoxacyclo-octadecane). Electrochemical studies on the other d1 compounds are also reported. Reductive carbonylation of (7) or treating (5) with CF3CH2OH under CO yields [Nb{2-CH2(C6H4)2Me-2′}(CO)(η-C5H5)2](6). X-Ray structures of the d0,1,2 niobepines (4a), (3a), and (5) show a large change in CH2–Nb–CH2 angle [106.3(1), 83.0, 80(1)°] in accordance with molecular orbital predictions, and in the Nb–CH2–C angles [102.9, 118.7, and 123(2)°] and the torsion along the biphenyl axis (78.4, 62.4, and 59.6°).
Conductive transition metal oxide nanostructured electrochromic material and optical switching devices constructed thereof (2023)

An electrochromic device includes a nanostructured transition metal oxide bronze layer that includes one or more transition metal oxide and one or more dopant, a solid state electrolyte, and a counter electrode. The nanostructured transition metal oxide bronze selectively modulates transmittance of near-infrared (NIR) spectrum and visible spectrum radiation as a function of an applied voltage to the device.
Appendix: Acoustic Boundary Element Method (2013)

This appendix contains sections titled: Introduction Kirchhoff–Helmholtz Integral Equation Discretization Solution Strategy of Acoustic Boundary Element Method Nonuniqueness Problem References
High-Brightness Vertical GaN-Based Light-Emitting Diodes With Hexagonally Close-Packed Micrometer Array Structures (2013)

A high-brightness GaN-based vertical light-emitting diode (VLED) was demonstrated by introducing a large-area low-cost direct printing process. A hexagonally close-packed micrometer convex array was fabricated on the n-GaN top layer of the VLED by direct printing using a hydrogen silsesquioxane solution and subsequent inductively coupled plasma etching. To confirm that the enhancement of light extraction by this structure, a conventional wet-chemical-etched structure was also fabricated on the n-GaN top layer of the VLED, yielding randomly oriented pyramid structures on the layer. Both VLEDs showed much stronger electroluminescence emission than an unpatterned VLED. However, the micrometer convex array improved the light extraction significantly more than the random pyramid structure owing to its greater ability to enlarge the light escape cone, attributed to its 50°-tapered profile and large extraction area. After chip packaging with silicone encapsulation, the light output power of the micropatterned VLED was 11.4% and 106% greater than those of the wet-etched and unpatterned VLEDs, respectively, under a 350-mA drive current.
Challenges in chip/processor level thermal engineering (2004)

In order to continue on the path as charted by Gordon Moore, several improvements in CMOS performance are being implemented in some microprocessor chips. Four techniques are seen as advancements that helps in the continuation of the Moore's law. These include the use of silicon dioxide insulator, copper lithography replacing aluminium lines, low temperature cooling and finally double gate transistor. These four techniques for device improvement are actively being pursued or implemented in computer hardware designs. The thermal design goal is to limit the magnitude of the chip temperature rise above ambient temperature in order to ensure satisfactory electrical circuit operation and reliability. To further increase these challenges a new phenomena has recently been encountered. Given the radical sub threshold leakage currents and associated power induced by burn in voltages and temperatures, recent modeling analysis has predicted that the intense localized heating effect at burn in can cause regions of the chip to reach very high temperature, thereby further exacerbating the reliability.
A General Amino Acid Synthesis Enabled by Innate Radical Cross‐Coupling (2018)

Abstract The direct union of primary, secondary, and tertiary carboxylic acids with a chiral glyoxylate‐derived sulfinimine provides rapid access into a variety of enantiomerically pure α‐amino acids (&gt;85 examples). Characterized by operational simplicity, this radical‐based reaction enables the modular assembly of exotic α‐amino acids, including both unprecedented structures and those of established industrial value. The described method performs well in high‐throughput library synthesis, and has already been implemented in three distinct medicinal chemistry campaigns.
New Homogeneous Reverse Transcriptase and Nuclease Assays Based on Rare Earth Cryptate and Fluorescent Energy Transfer (1999)

Abstract An homogeneous non isotopic technique based on time-resolved fluorescence, europium trisbipyridine cryptate (TBPEu3+) as fluorescent donor and non radiative energy transfer to an acceptor (cross-linked allophycocyanine, XL665) has been used to develop new assays. These formats provide rapid and straightforward measurement of reverse transcriptase (RTase) and DNase activity and for example a mean to screen for RTase inhibitors.
Light-induced domain engineering in ferroelectrics (2005)

Fabrication of periodically inverted domain patterns in ferroelectric materials such as lithium niobate has been widely researched for the realisation of applications as diverse as quasi-phase-matched (QPM) non-linear devices, electro-optic Bragg deflectors, photonic band-gap structures, and piezoelectric devices such as micro-resonators, atom traps and micro-cavities. In order to overcome the limitations associated with E-field poling, we have been investigating the feasibility of a relatively simple single-step technique, which exploits the interaction of intense laser light with ferroelectric lithium niobate to engineer domains at micron and sub-micron scale-lengths. Some light-assisted poling experiments which take advantage of the ultraviolet light-induced transient change in the coercive field of the illuminated ferroelectric material to transfer a patterned light distribution into an equivalent domain structure in bulk crystals have already been reported for lithium tantalate and lithium niobate crystals. In this letter we report a direct optical poling technique that employs pulsed ultraviolet laser light to induce surface domain inversion in undoped lithium niobate in a single step. We further characterize the laser modified domain manipulated crystals using differential chemical etching and scanning force microscopy (SFM).
Structural transitions and guest/host complexing of liquid crystal helical nanofilaments induced by nanoconfinement (2017)

A lamellar liquid crystal (LC) phase of certain bent-core mesogenic molecules can be grown in a manner that generates a single chiral helical nanofilament in each of the cylindrical nanopores of an anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membrane. By introducing guest molecules into the resulting composite chiral nanochannels, we explore the structures and functionality of the ordered guest/host LC complex, verifying the smectic-like positional order of the fluidic nematic LC phase, which is obtained by the combination of the LC organization and the nanoporous AAO superstructure. The guest nematic LC 4'-<i>n</i>-pentyl-4-cyanobiphenyl is found to form a distinctive fluid layered ordered LC complex at the nanofilament/guest interface with the host 1,3-phenylene bis[4-(4-nonyloxyphenyliminomethyl)benzoate], where this interface contacts the AAO cylinder wall. Filament growth form is strongly influenced by mixture parameters and pore dimensions.
Merging the benefits of paper notebooks with the power of computers in dynomite (1997)

Dynomite is a portable electronic notebook that merges the benefits of paper note-taking with the organizational capabilities of a computer. Dynomite incorporates four complementary features that combine to form an easy to use system for the capture and retrieval of handwritten and audio notes. First, Dynomite has a paper-like user interface. Second, Dynomite uses ink properties and text keywords for content indexing of notes. Third, Dynomite's properties and keywords allow retrieval of specific ink and notes: the user sees a view of a subset of the notebook content that dynamically changes as the users add new information. Finally, Dynomite continuously records audio, but only permanently stores portions highlighted by the user, making it is possible to augment handwritten notes with audio on devices with limited storage.
Tuning the selectivity of CO2 hydrogenation using ceramic hollow fiber catalytic modules (2021)

The unique structural features and advantageous pore distributions of alumina hollow fibers can be exploited to tune the selectivity in heterogeneous catalysis.