gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Partial Demasculinization and Feminization of Sex Behavior in Male Rats by in Utero and Lactational Exposure to 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin Is Not Associated with Alterations in Estrogen Receptor Binding or Volumes of Sexually Differentiated Brain (1994)

In utero and lactational 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) exposure partially demasculinizes and feminizes sexual behavior in adult male rats, presumably by causing incomplete sexual differentiation of the central nervous system (CNS). Our objective was to determine if TCDD exposure affects other aspects of sexual differentiation of the CNS. Because sex differences in the estrogen receptor system are thought to play a role in sexually dimorphic estrogen-mediated responses, and because estrogen is an important activator of both male and female sex behavior, the possible effect of TCDD exposure on estrogen binding in specific brain nuclei was examined. In addition, we investigated effects of in utero and lactational TCDD exposure on sex differences in the volumes of brain nuclei which are dependent on steroid hormone stimulation during the period of CNS sexual differentiation. Pregnant Holtzman rats were given TCDD (0.7 microgram/kg, po) or vehicle (control) on gestation Day 15. Offspring were exposed to TCDD in utero and via lactation and then assessed in adulthood. Demasculinized sexual behavior was evidenced in the TCDD-exposed males by increased intromission latencies and a greater number of intromissions prior to ejaculation. These males were then castrated, primed with ovarian steroids, and tested for feminine sexual behavior. In utero and lactational TCDD exposure increased both the frequency and intensity of lordotic behavior, indicating that the males were partially feminized. To determine if TCDD exposure had a generalized effect on estrogen receptor concentrations the arcuate nucleus, cortical and medical amygdala and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, previously found to have equivalent numbers of estrogen receptors in males and females, were evaluated in littermates of the rats whose sexual behavior had been assessed. TCDD had no effect in either sex. To determine if TCDD exposure had an effect specific to sexual differentiation of the brain, estrogen receptor concentrations in the medial preoptic nucleus (MPO), ventrolateral aspect of the ventro-medial nucleus, and periventricular preoptic area were assessed. As expected, females had higher estrogen receptor concentrations in these nuclei than did males, but TCDD exposure did not affect estrogen receptor concentrations in any of these sexually dimorphic brain nuclei. The volumes of sexually dimorphic brain nuclei were examined in additional littermates. In control rats, the volume of the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area (SDN-POA) is larger in males than in females whereas the MPO is larger in females than in males. TCDD exposure had no effect on the volume of either the SDN-POA or MPO in either males or females.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
1H‐, 13C‐, and 15N‐NMR chemical shifts for selected glucosides and ribosides of aromatic cytokinins (2010)

The (1)H and (13)C NMR resonances of 16 purine glucosides were assigned by a combination of one- and two-dimensional NMR experiments, including gs-COSY, gs-HSQC, and gs-HMBC, in order to characterize the effect of substituent and the position of glucose unit on the NMR chemical shifts. In addition, (15)N NMR chemical shifts for selected derivatives were investigated by using (1)H-(15)N chemical shift correlation techniques. To map the influence of sugar moiety on the directly bonded nitrogen atom, selected N(9)-glucosides and their ribose analogs were compared. Characteristic long-range (1)H-(15)N coupling constants, measured by using (1)H-(15)N gradient-selected single-quantum multiple bond correlation (GSQMBC), are also reported and discussed. All compounds investigated here belong to cytokinins, an important group of plant hormones.
Enabling automated driving by ICT infrastructure: A reference\n architecture (2020)

Information and communication technology (ICT) is an enabler for establishing\nautomated vehicles (AVs) in today's traffic systems. By providing complementary\nand/or redundant information via radio communication to the AV's perception by\non-board sensors, higher levels of automated driving become more comfortable,\nsafer, or even possible without interaction by the driver, especially in\ncomplex scenarios. Additionally, communication between vehicles and/or a\ncentral service can improve the efficiency of traffic flow. This paper presents\na reference architecture for such an infrastructure-based support of AVs. The\narchitecture combines innovative concepts and technologies from different\ntechnological fields like communication, IT environment and data flows, and\ncyber-security and privacy. Being the basis for the EU-funded project ICT4CART,\nexemplary implementations of this architecture will show its power for a\nvariety of use cases on highways and in urban areas in test sites in Austria,\nGermany, and Italy, including cross-border interoperability.\n
Supplementary Table S1 from Efficacy of Nivolumab in Pediatric Cancers with High Mutation Burden and Mismatch Repair Deficiency (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Representativeness of Study Participants&lt;/p&gt;
Omicron BA.4/5 Neutralization and T-Cell Responses in Organ Transplant Recipients After Booster Messenger RNA Vaccine: A Multicenter Cohort Study (2023)

Abstract Background In solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients, the primary vaccination series against Coronavirus Disease 2019 is 3 doses followed by boosters. We determined whether a fourth dose booster induced Omicron BA.4/5 neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) and T cells in a large multicenter cohort study. Methods Serum was collected 4–6 weeks post-third and post-fourth doses of messenger RNA vaccine in 222 SOT recipients. nAbs were measured using a pseudovirus neutralization assay that targeted the Omicron BA.4/5 spike protein. A subset underwent T-cell testing. Results The median age of the cohort was 63 years (interquartile range [IQR], 50–68) with 61.7% men. BA.4/5 nAb detection increased from 26.6% (59 of 222) post-third dose to 53.6% (119 of 222) post-fourth dose (P &amp;lt; .0001). In patients with breakthrough infection prior to the fourth dose (n = 27), nAbs were detected in 77.8% and median nAb titers were significantly higher compared with those with 4 vaccine doses alone (P &amp;lt; .0001). Factors associated with a low BA.4/5 neutralization response after the fourth dose were older age (odds ratio [OR], 0.96; 95% confidence interval [CI], .94–.99), mycophenolate use (OR, 0.39; 95% CI, .20–.77) and prednisone use (OR, 0.34; 95% CI, .18–.63), and vaccine type (OR, 0.72; 95% CI, .51–.99), while breakthrough infection prior to the fourth dose (OR, 3.6; 95% CI, 1.3–9.9) was associated with a greater nAb response. Polyfunctional BA.4/5-specific CD4+ T cells significantly increased after 4 doses and were identified in 76.9% of patients at a median frequency of 213/106 cells (IQR, 98–650). Conclusions In summary, a booster significantly increases BA.4/5-specific neutralization and polyfunctional CD4+ T-cell responses, suggesting protection from severe disease even with new Omicron variants. However, SOT recipients who are older and on mycophenolate and prednisone need additional preventative strategies.
A 95.6-TOPS/W Deep Learning Inference Accelerator With Per-Vector Scaled 4-bit Quantization in 5 nm (2023)

The energy efficiency of deep neural network (DNN) inference can be improved with custom accelerators. DNN inference accelerators often employ specialized hardware techniques to improve energy efficiency, but many of these techniques result in catastrophic accuracy loss on transformer-based DNNs, which have become ubiquitous for natural language processing (NLP) tasks. This article presents a DNN accelerator designed for efficient execution of transformers. The proposed accelerator implements per-vector scaled quantization (VSQ), which employs an independent scale factor for each 64-element vector to enable the use of 4-bit arithmetic with little accuracy loss and low energy overhead. Using a multilevel dataflow to maximize reuse, the 5-nm prototype achieves 95.6 tera-operations per second per Watt (TOPS/W) at 0.46 V on a 4-bit benchmarking layer with VSQ. At a nominal voltage of 0.67 V, the accelerator achieves 1734 inferences/s/W (38.7 TOPS/W) with only 0.7% accuracy loss on BERT-Base and 4714 inferences/s/W (38.6 TOPS/W) with 0.15% accuracy loss on ResNet-50 by using quantization-aware fine-tuning to recover accuracy, demonstrating a practical accelerator design for energy-efficient DNN inference.
UV SERS at well ordered Pd sphere segment void (SSV) nanostructures (2008)

Ultraviolet laser excited surface-enhanced Raman scattering was obtained for the first time at the well ordered palladium sphere segment void (SSV) nanostructures, using adenine as the probe molecule, and the UV-SERS enhancement is found to be correlated well with the plasmon absorption of Pd SSVs in the UV region.
Robotics in minimally invasive surgery (2005)

'Robotics' indicates the master-slave systems, which are currently applied to minimally invasive surgery and sometimes are claimed to use for teleoperation. These systems are characterized by electromechanical tools providing a wrist function within the body, with minimal access by 8-15 mm cannulas. Opposite to conventional minimally invasive surgery, the controlling movements of the master are translated to the tip of the tool without mirroring and variable scaling improving the hand-eye coordination considerably. Only visual feedback of an (stereo) endoscope is used, however. The lack of force feedback in these systems and alternatives to resolve this limitation would be discussed.
Abstract 4316: A novel wide field-of-view imaging device for real-time, intra-operative tumor bed assessment (2010)

Abstract Limb-sparing surgery for extremity soft tissue sarcoma removes all cancer cells at the primary tumor site in the majority of patients. However, without radiation therapy, microscopic residual sarcoma cells left behind in the tumor bed will cause a tumor recurrence in approximately one-third of patients. Therefore, adjuvant radiation therapy is delivered to most patients, even when the tumor bed lacks residual cancer. Here, we present an imaging system for residual cancer assessment, consisting of a novel wide field-of-view imaging device and a protease-activated fluorescent probe. We demonstrate that this system directly images microscopic residual sarcoma cells in the tumor bed of mice when primary soft tissue sarcomas are resected. Moreover, this system can detect single tumor cells that have activated the fluorescent probe in vivo. This technology has the potential to be used as an intra-operative tool to identify microscopic residual disease for soft tissue sarcoma and other cancers with the goal of reducing rates of local recurrence, re-operation for positive margins, and adjuvant radiation therapy to tumor beds that lack residual cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4316.
A Convenient, Room‐Temperature — Organic Base Protocol for Preparing Chiral 3‐(Enoyl)‐1,3‐oxazolidin‐2‐ones. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Cell cycle phase, cellular $Ca^{2+}$ and development in Dictyostelium discoideum (2001)

In Dictyostelium discoideum, the initial differentiation of cells is regulated by the phase of the cell cycle at starvation. Cells in S and early G2 (or with a low DNA content) have relatively high levels of cellular $Ca^{2+}$ and display a prestalk tendency after starvation, whereas cells in mid to late G2 (or with a high DNA content) have relatively low levels of $Ca^{2+}$ and display a prespore tendency. We found that there is a correlation between cytosolic $Ca^{2+}$ and cell cycle phase, with high $Ca^{2+}$ levels being restricted to cells in the S and early G2 phases. As expected on the basis of this correlation, cell cycle inhibitors influence the proportions of amoebae containing high or low $Ca^{2+}$. However, it has been reported that in the rtoA mutant, which upon differentiation gives rise to many more stalk cells than spores (compared to the wild type), initial cell-type choice is independent of cell cycle phase at starvation. In contrast to the wild type, a disproportionately large fraction of rtoA amoebae fall into the high $Ca^{2+}$ class, possibly due to an altered ability of this mutant to transport $Ca^{2+}$.\n
1509 Globally modeling of arterial-and-venous vessels and its application to multi-scale hemodynamic computation(2) (2006)

Most of the CFD-based studies have been focusing exclusively on some specific blood vessels or vascular segments under highly simplified physiological boundary conditions. The cardiovascular system, however, is a closed-loop system where hemodynamics is an integrated result of the complicated interactions and plays an important role in hemodynamic regulations throughout the system. Therefore, a multi-scale hemodynamic simulator capable to evaluate the circulatory system in a synthetical manner is thought to be able to provide a physiologically realistic evaluation on the circulatory functions. A baseline for such a hemodynamic simulator requires development of a global arterial-and-venous tree model on a basis of the blood vessel morphology of the vascular system as well as the vessel-specific biomechanical properties. In this paper we present some preliminary results of a recently established vascular system database, involving 375 blood vessel models of 263 arteries and 112 veins, which are built up based on the Voxel-Man 3D Navigator, and of visualized blood flow patterns in some vessels of the global arterial-and-venous tree model.
Dendrimer-2PMPA selectively blocks upregulated microglial GCPII activity and improves cognition in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis (2021)

Cognitive impairment is a common aspect of multiple sclerosis (MS) for which there are no treatments. Reduced brain <i>N</i>-acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG) levels are linked to impaired cognition in various neurological diseases, including MS. NAAG levels are regulated by glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII), which hydrolyzes the neuropeptide to <i>N</i>-acetyl-aspartate and glutamate. GCPII activity is upregulated multifold in microglia following neuroinflammation. Although several GCPII inhibitors, such as 2-PMPA, elevate brain NAAG levels and restore cognitive function in preclinical studies when given at high systemic doses or via direct brain injection, none are clinically available due to poor bioavailability and limited brain penetration. Hydroxyl-dendrimers have been successfully used to selectively deliver drugs to activated glia. <b>Methods:</b> We attached 2-PMPA to hydroxyl polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers (D-2PMPA) using a click chemistry approach. Cy5-labelled-D-2PMPA was used to visualize selective glial uptake <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>. D-2PMPA was evaluated for anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-treated glial cultures. In experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)-immunized mice, D-2PMPA was dosed biweekly starting at disease onset and cognition was assessed using the Barnes maze, and GCPII activity was measured in CD11b+ hippocampal cells. <b>Results:</b> D-2PMPA showed preferential uptake into microglia and robust anti-inflammatory activity, including elevations in NAAG, TGFβ, and mGluR3 in glial cultures. D-2PMPA significantly improved cognition in EAE mice, even though physical severity was unaffected. GCPII activity increased >20-fold in CD11b+ cells from EAE mice, which was significantly mitigated by D-2PMPA treatment. <b>Conclusions:</b> Hydroxyl dendrimers facilitate targeted drug delivery to activated microglia. These data support further development of D-2PMPA to attenuate elevated microglial GCPII activity and treat cognitive impairment in MS.
ChemInform Abstract: ISOLATION AND STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A MU‐DI(ETA(5)/ETA(1)‐CYCLOPENTADIENYL)DITHORIUM(IV) COMPLEX (1975)

Abstract Dem bei Erhitzen von n‐Butyl‐tricyclopentadienyl‐Th(IV) auf 170°C in Toluol gebildeten kristallinen Produkt wird die dirnere Struktur (I) aufgrund röntgenographischer Untersuchungen zuerkannt.
Synthesis of Anthracene and Azaanthracene Fluorophores via [2+2+2] Cyclotrimerization Reactions (2008)

A highly convergent [2+2+2] cyclotrimerization approach to anthracenes and 2-azaanthracenes has been developed. It allows for the facile introduction of the anthracene moiety on alkyne and nitrile bearing molecules and the rapid construction of compound arrays. This is showcased in the assembly of a collection of fluorophores and their photochemical evaluation.
<title>Polarizing holographic optical elements in DuPont's Omnidex films</title> (1995)

We present two types of polarizing holographic optical elements recorded in Du Pont's Omnidex film (reflection holograms). The first one takes benefit of the dry development process in order to respect the grating geometry associated with polarization properties. Thanks to that, we realized polarizing beam splitter with high diffraction efficiency and high polarization ratio. The second type of polarizer is an original polarizing mirror that is based on the polarization dependency of spectral and angular selectivities. The high index modulation of that polymer allows to record new holographic polarizers. Details about theoretical basis and experimental realization are given.
USPIO‐related T1 and T2 mapping MRI of cartilage in a rabbit model of blood‐induced arthritis: a pilot study (2014)

Ultrasmall paramagnetic iron oxide (USPIO)-enhanced MRI is promising for evaluating inflammation. The aims of this study were to investigate the effect of USPIO on cartilage T1 and T2 mapping, and to evaluate a proposed rapid vs. conventional T2 map method for imaging cartilage in a blood-induced arthritis model. Knees of nine arthritic (induction by intra-articular autologous blood injection) and six control rabbits were imaged over time (baseline, weeks 1, 5, 10) by 1.5 T MRI. All rabbits had USPIO (35-75 μmol Fe/kg)-enhanced MRI at each time point. T1 and T2 (conventional and rapid) maps and signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) were obtained pre- and post-USPIO administration. Cartilage biochemistry and histology were compared with MRI. Excellent correlations were noted between T1 map values and histologic scores at week 10 pre-USPIO (medial, r = 0.93, P = 0.0007; lateral, r = 0.87, P = 0.005) in the arthritic group, but not between T2 map and histology. Marginally and significant differences were observed between pre- and post-USPIO T2 values at weeks 5 (P = 0.06) and 10 (P = 0.02), but only with the administration of high USPIO doses in the arthritic group using the conventional method. No significant differences were noted between pre- and post-USPIO T1 values at any imaging time points. Cartilage T2 maps with short-TR and conventional protocols provided similar T2 values [(decreased trend)] (P > 0.05). Concomitant use of USPIO to T1 and T2 mapping of cartilage would not impair the identification of interval changes of T1 and T2 maps. Rapid T2 map provides similar results compared to conventional method, but its validation warrants further investigation.
Endovascular Iliac Branch Devices for Iliac Aneurysms (2011)

The evolution of endovascular techniques has increased the proportion of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms suitable for treatment with endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). Developments in fenestrated and branched technology provide an endovascular solution to incorporate the visceral branches and iliac arteries into the repair, expanding the indications of EVAR. Iliac branch devices (IBDs) allow preservation of flow into one or both internal iliac arteries in patients with ectatic or aneurysmal iliac arteries. The technique has been performed with high technical success rates and no added morbidity and mortality as compared with standard EVAR, potentially decreasing pelvic ischemic complications associated with hypogastric exclusion. This article summarizes the state of the art on IBD design, procedure planning, implantation, and clinical results.
Post Processing Technology for Providing Soft, Strong, Lint-Free Apertured Nonwovens (2003)

A nonwoven aperturing process is.called Stretch Apertured Nonwoven (SAN) technology.One or more layers of nonwoven are processed through a specially patterned, secondary point bonding heated calendar, and then incrementally stretched via ring rolls.The resultant apertured nonwoven retains the original bond points but displays apertures at every secondary bond point.This approach eliminates past barriers toward obtaining nonwovens of high aperture clarity combined with sufficient strength and high softness.
99.1% Efficient 10 kV SiC-Based Medium-Voltage ZVS Bidirectional Single-Phase PFC AC/DC Stage (2018)

Due to their extremely high energy demand, data centers are directly supplied from a medium-voltage (MV) grid. However, a significant part of this energy is dissipated in the power supply chain since the MV is reduced step-by-step through multiple power conversion stages down to the chip-voltage level. In order to increase the efficiency of the power supply chain, the number of conversion stages must be substantially reduced. In this context, solid-state transformers (SSTs) are considered as a possible solution, as they could directly interface the MV AC grid to a 400 V DC bus, whereby server racks with a power consumption of several tens of kilowatts could be directly supplied from an individual SST. With a focus on the lowest system complexity, the SST, ideally, should be built as simple two-stage system consisting of an MV AC/DC power factor correction (PFC) rectifier stage followed by an isolated DC/DC converter. Accordingly, this paper focuses on the design and realization of a 25 kW, 3.8 kV single-phase AC to 7 kV DC PFC rectifier unit based on the 10 kV SiC MOSFETs. By simply adding an LC circuit between the switch nodes of the well-known full-bridge-based pulse width modulated AC/DC rectifier, the integrated triangular current-mode concept is implemented, which only internally superimposes a large triangular current ripple on the AC mains current and, therefore, enables zero-voltage switching over the entire AC mains period. Special attention is paid to the realization of the MV inductors and their electrical insulation, the AC-input LCL filter to limit electromagnetic interference emissions, and the challenges arising due to cable resonances when connecting the SST to the MV grid via an MV cable. Despite the large insulation distances required for MV, the realized 25 kW MV PFC rectifier achieves an unprecedented power density of 3.28 kW/L (54 W/in3) and a full-load efficiency of 99.1%, determined using a calorimetric measurement setup, which is discussed in detail in the Appendix.