gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Total unloading of the Left Ventricle by circulatory Assist Device (LVAD) strikingly reduces the infract size in ischemia-reperfusion injury (2013)

Purpose: The pressure-volume area (PVA) of the left ventricle (LV) is tightly coupled with myocardial oxygen consumption/demand (MVO2). Theoretical analysis indicates that, the partial LVAD support (PARTIAL) where LV remains ejecting, reduces LV preload while increases afterload, and thus does not decrease much the PVA or MVO2. In contrast, the total LVAD support (TOTAL) where LV no longer ejects, markedly decreases LV volume, thereby MVO2. We hypothesized PARTIAL and TOTAL unloading would have major differences in the infract size in ischemia-reperfusion injury. Methods: We created ischemia by occluding major branches of the left anterior descending coronary artery for 90 min, reperfused for the following 300 min and assessed the infract size (normalized by the risk area). We allocated 12 anesthetized dogs into 3 groups, no support (CONT), PARTIAL (LV output=LVAD flow) and TOTAL (no LV output). Results: Mean arterial pressure (MAP) did not differ among 3 groups (CONT: 97±11, PARTIAL: 96±2.6 and TOTAL: 101±7.1 mmHg). In TOTAL, LV peak-systolic pressure (42±11 mmHg) was much lower than that of MAP confirming no LV ejection. LVAD significantly reduced the infarct size (CONT: 40±3.2, PARTIAL: 27.6±5.8, and TOTAL: 5.0±1.6%, p<0.0005). However, the reduction was by far lager in TOTAL than in PARTIAL (p<0.05). The reduction in infarct size relative to CONT is 31% for PARTIAL and 88% for TOTAL (Fig. 1). Changes in the serum level of creatine kinase MB (300 min after reperfusion) resembled that in the infarct size (p=0.0375) (Fig. 2). Conclusions: The fact that the infarct size is strikingly reduced by TOTAL whereas moderately reduced by PARTIAL indicates that total unloading and minimization of metabolic demand are essential in order to maximize the beneficial impact of LVAD on the infarct size.
Intraoperative Ureter Visualization Using a Novel Near-Infrared Fluorescent Dye (2018)

Ureters can be accidentally severed during pelvic surgeries, significantly prolonging the times in the operating room to allow for complete repair of damaged ureters and leading to significant morbidities associated with consequent ureter obstruction and possible kidney dysfunction. In an effort to prevent these complications, light-emitting stents and urine-excreted dyes have been introduced to illuminate the ureter during surgery. However, problems with mechanical insertion, ureter spasm, image contrast, and localized injection have limited interest in their clinical applications. We report here the synthesis and characterization of a new near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent dye (UreterGlow) that can be injected systemically but is excreted primarily through the renal system, allowing ureter imaging with an NIR fluorescence camera. Following intravenous injection of 0.1 mg/kg UreterGlow, we have monitored the flow of UreterGlow through the proximal, medial, and distal segments of the ureter. The timing of ureter visualization was calculated from the time of injection of the drug. The null hypothesis was that "Visualization of the ureter in pigs is possible 60 min after administration of UreterGlow using an NIR camera". UreterGlow displayed excitation and emission maxima of λ<sub>ex</sub> = 800 nm and λ<sub>em</sub> = 830 nm in phosphate buffered saline, pH 7.4, and could be imaged in the urinary tract in mice. Shortly after injection of UreterGlow into Yorkshire pigs, peristalsis of the ureter could be observed. The distal ureter could be visualized under NIR illumination after 60 min with constant fluorescence in all five pigs for >2 h. The same ureters could not be seen using visible light ( X<sup>2</sup>, p = 0.0001). Because both excitation and emission of UreterGlow occurs at >30 nm longer wavelength than most tumor-imaging fluorescent dyes, it should be possible to distinguish ureter fluorescence from tumor fluorescence with this dye.
The ‘buoy’ stent: evaluation of a prototype indwelling ureteric stent in a porcine model (2009)

OBJECTIVE To assess a prototype ureteric 'buoy' stent with a 10 F upper body tapering to a 3F tail, developed to potentially reduce stent-related irritative symptoms while providing an adequate mould for healing after endopyelotomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighteen Yucatan minipigs had the stent placed either into the intact ureter (phase I) or after Acucise proximal endoureterotomy (phase II). Buoy stents were compared to 10/7 F endopyelotomy stents and to standard 7 F stents in phases I and II, respectively. The pigs were assessed for vesico-ureteric reflux, hydronephrosis and infection, before stent insertion and at harvest. Stents were weighed before and after placement and the removal force was measured. Pressure/flow studies, antegrade nephrostograms and specimens for histopathology from the renal pelvis, ureter and vesico-ureteric junction (VUJ) were obtained at harvest. RESULTS Thirteen minipigs survived the entire study. Ureteric flow with the stents in situ was better for buoy stents than for 10/7 F stents (P < 0.005). Ureteric flow after endoureterotomy and subsequent stent removal was similar for buoy stents and standard 7 F stents. None of the stents refluxed. There was no difference between stents in removal force, weight change or incidence of hydronephrosis. At 1 and 12 weeks, buoy stents tended to produce lower histopathological alteration scores than control stents, especially at the VUJ (phase I, 2.0 vs 3.9, P = 0.092; phase II, 0.6 vs 1.7, P = 0.18). CONCLUSIONS The novel buoy stents are easily placed and removed via the urethra. They can cause less VUJ inflammation than standard stents while allowing for adequate ureteric flow and healing after proximal endoureterotomy.
Optically traceable PLGA-silica nanoparticles for cell-triggered doxorubicin delivery (2022)

Fluorescent silica nanoparticles with a polymer shell of poly (D, L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) can provide traceable cell-triggered delivery of the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX), protecting the cargo while in transit and releasing it only intracellularly. PLGA with 50:50 lactide:glycolide ratio was grown by surface-initiated ring-opening polymerization (ROP) from silica nanoparticles of ca. 50 nm diameter, doped with a perylenediimide (PDI) fluorescent dye anchored to the silica structure. After loading DOX, release from the core-shell particles was evaluated in solution at physiological pH (7.4), and in human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) after internalization. The hybrid silica-PLGA nanoparticles can accommodate a large cargo of DOX, and the release in solution (PBS) due to PLGA hydrolysis is negligible for at least 72 h. However, once internalized in MCF-7 cells, the nanoparticles release the DOX cargo by degradation of the PLGA. Accumulation of DOX in the nucleus causes cell apoptosis, with the drug-loaded nanoparticles found to be as potent as free DOX. Our fluorescently traceable hybrid silica-PLGA nanoparticles with cell-triggered cargo release offer excellent prospects for the controlled delivery of anticancer drugs, protecting the cargo while in transit and efficiently releasing the drug once inside the cell.
Fabrication of Solution-Cast Polyacrylonitrile Barriers for Hollow Fiber Sorbents Used in CO2 Removal from Flue Gas (2019)

Hollow fiber sorbents for gas separation benefit from the use of a heat transfer fluid transported through their bores for thermal moderation and heat recovery. Additionally, for thermal swing processes, the heat transfer fluid is necessary to actuate the temperature swing. An impermeable yet thermally conductive barrier layer is needed on the inner channel wall to prevent the heat transfer fluid from the flue gas diffusing through the pore structure of the fiber. This paper discusses the challenges and different available techniques to establish a barrier layer on the lumen wall of a hollow fiber sorbent. In particular, we discuss the deposition of a polyacrylonitrile (PAN) barrier onto a Torlon-based fiber sorbent after the fiber sorbent has been spun. Of the various barrier formation materials and methods explored, this method was found to provide the most effective barrier, with helium permeance reduced from 25 000 GPU to less than 0.4 GPU, even at a pressure differential of 120 psi across the barrier. The heat transfer fluid typically used is water, and this barrier was also found to resist the transport of liquid water from the lumen to the shell side, thereby proving its efficacy in containing the heat transfer fluid to the fiber bore.
Intermediate frequency zero-crossing detectors for Bluetooth enhanced data rate system (2007)

In the recent years, Bluetooth has become an important short range transmission system which provides data rates up to 3 Mbit/s in its enhanced data rate mode (EDR). Illustrated is a low-cost intermediate frequency (IF) zero-crossing detector (ZXD) for EDR. It is shown that the proposed IF ZXD for EDR facilitates robust performance, approaching theoretical bounds in the case of single path transmission.
Label-Free detection of antisense oligonucleotide uptake in Murine cells using hyperspectral CARS imaging (2021)

Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) are single stranded negatively charged molecules which downregulate the translation of specific target messenger RNA (mRNA). Chemically modified ASOs with phosphorothioate (PS) linkages have been extensively studied as research tools and as clinical therapeutics and nine oligonucleotide-based drugs have been approved by regulatory agencies. While several cell surface proteins that bind PS-ASOs and mediate their cellular uptake have been identified, the mechanisms leading to productive internalization of PS-ASOs are not well understood. We demonstrate the potential of hyperspectral CARS imaging to detect the intracellular presence of ASOs in a label-free manner.
Development and implementation of an exocentric ASMGCS display (2002)

At present, the data presentation capability of the electronic displays on board the aircraft is not used to support surface operations. In this paper, the rationale behind an exocentric spatial display in which the pilot derives the required control actions from an understanding of the guidance requirements is discussed. The goal of this type of data presentation is to eliminate factors such as misinterpretation of taxi instructions and unfamiliarity with the airport layout. An implementation on real flight display hardware has been performed to prove the feasibility with respect to capability and performance of today's state-of-the-art flight displays.
Fabrication of Ge-based light-emitting diodes with a ferromagnetic metal/insulator tunnel contact (2015)

We fabricated light-emitting diodes (LEDs) having an n+-Ge/p+-Si structure with ferromagnetic metal/insulator tunnel contact. Clear electroluminescence (EL) with peak wavelength around 1600 nm from the direct band gap of the Ge layer was successfully observed at room temperature, which indicates that tunnel contacts allow efficient direct-gap EL from the LED. Our result is an important step toward developing Ge-based spin-polarized LEDs.
Trial Watch: Adoptive cell transfer for oncological indications (2015)

One particular paradigm of anticancer immunotherapy relies on the administration of (potentially) tumor-reactive immune effector cells. Generally, these cells are obtained from autologous peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) <i>ex vivo</i> (in the context of appropriate expansion, activation and targeting protocols), and re-infused into lymphodepleted patients along with immunostimulatory agents. In spite of the consistent progress achieved throughout the past two decades in this field, no adoptive cell transfer (ACT)-based immunotherapeutic regimen is currently approved by regulatory agencies for use in cancer patients. Nonetheless, the interest of oncologists in ACT-based immunotherapy continues to increase. Accumulating clinical evidence indicates indeed that specific paradigms of ACT, such as the infusion of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-expressing autologous T cells, are associated with elevated rates of durable responses in patients affected by various neoplasms. In line with this notion, clinical trials investigating the safety and therapeutic activity of ACT in cancer patients are being initiated at an ever increasing pace. Here, we review recent preclinical and clinical advances in the development of ACT-based immunotherapy for oncological indications.
Birefringence and Dispersion of Uniaxial Media (1992)

Abstract Refractive index measurements of uniaxial media (crystals and a polymer liquid crystal in the nematic phase) are described. The technique used, applicable for any anisotropic uniaxial medium, makes use of the birefringence to generate interference between the extraordinary and ordinary waves created after an incident plane polarized wave enters the crystal. The dispersion of the refractive indices for the uniaxial nematic polymer is discussed together with the implication it has on the third order nonlinear optic susceptibility measurements completed using the Third Harmonic Generation (THG) technique.
Steps in developing Watson for Oncology, a decision support system to assist physicians choosing first-line metastatic breast cancer (MBC) therapies: Improved performance with machine learning. (2015)

566 Background: IBM Watson for Oncology (WFO), trained by Memorial Sloan Kettering (MSK), is a cognitive computing system designed to apply machine learning, informed by MSK expertise, to enhance clinical decision making. We expanded the initial adjuvant therapy prototype to include MBC. Patients with MBC share many common attributes (e.g. age, performance status, receptor status, prior therapy) but receive widely varying therapies. Accuracy of WFO treatment recommendations for similar cases can be improved with machine learning features built on highly influential attributes. Methods: 101 manufactured MBC training cases were grouped by biologic characteristics and then analyzed for variation. A set of clinical attributes characterizing disease burden was posited to be influential in selecting the initial systemic therapy for MBC recommended by MSK breast medical oncologists (e.g. endocrine therapy vs chemotherapy for a patient with hormone receptor (HR)+MBC). WFO learned weights characterizing each attribute’s importance (e.g. site(s), extent, and size of metastatic lesions, degree of symptoms) through iterative experiments on training cases, and incorporated them into a “disease burden score”). Model performance as quantified by a combination of precision and recall (F1 Score) defined as (2 * true positives) / [(2 * true positives) + (false positives) + (false negatives)], was measured with and without the use of the disease burden score. Results: Activation of the disease burden score feature yielded a relative improvement in F1 Score of 11.5% across all cases (n = 101) from 73.6% to 82.1%; 28.8% among HR+ HER2+ cases (n = 32); 9.6% among HR+ HER2- cases (n = 29); 2.8% among HR- HER2+ cases (n = 17) and -1.4% among HR- HER2- cases (n = 23). Conclusions: Using training data and medical logic, WFO’s machine learning model can assign weights to attributes and features to select therapy for patients that better align with the nuanced decision-making of MSK breast medical oncologists than rules alone. WFO’s machine-learned disease burden score is a useful driver of treatment recommendations for HR+ and/or HER2+ MBC.
Investigation on Maximum Transmission Reach in Wavelength Converted Systems (2019)

We investigate maximum transmission reach of wavelength converted systems for variable conversion efficiencies. We propose an SBS suppression scheme to improve the conversion efficiency without generating signal crosstalk.
Mps1 defines a proximal blastemal proliferative compartment essential for zebrafish fin regeneration (2002)

One possible reason why regeneration remains enigmatic is that the dominant organisms used for studying regeneration are not amenable to genetic approaches. We mutagenized zebrafish and screened for temperature-sensitive defects in adult fin regeneration. The nightcap mutant showed a defect in fin regeneration that was first apparent at the onset of regenerative outgrowth. Positional cloning revealed that nightcap encodes the zebrafish orthologue of mps1, a kinase required for the mitotic checkpoint. mps1 expression was specifically induced in the proximal regeneration blastema, a group of cells that normally proliferate intensely during outgrowth. The nightcap mutation caused severe defects in these cells. However, msxb-expressing blastemal cells immediately distal to this proliferative region did not induce mps1 and were retained in mutants. These results indicate that the proximal blastema comprises an essential subpopulation of the fin regenerate defined by the induction and function of Mps1. Furthermore, we show that molecular mechanisms of complex tissue regeneration can now be dissected using zebrafish genetics.
Functional Nucleotide Receptor Expression and Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Morphology in Dedifferentiated Porcine Coronary Smooth Muscle Cells (2001)

The phenotypic dedifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) is an early event associated with cell culturing and vascular injury. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the SMC phenotype underlying the functional responsiveness of SMCs to nucleotides in organ culture. Porcine coronary arteries were either used fresh, cold stored (5 degrees C) 4 days, or organ cultured (37 degrees C) 4 days. Fura-2 digital imaging of single SMCs was used to measure the myoplasmic calcium (Ca(m)) response to 10 microM of the following nucleotide receptor agonists: UTP, UDP, ATP, ADP, and 2-MeSATP. In contrast to the nucleotides UDP, ATP, ADP, and 2-MeSATP, the Ca(m) response increased 10-fold and the number of cells that responded to UTP increased 5-fold in SMCs from organ culture compared to SMCs from fresh or cold-stored arteries. Simultaneous imaging of Ca(m), DNA content, and SR distribution in SMCs from organ culture indicated that the UTP-induced Ca(m) increase occurred exclusively in SMCs that had a dedifferentiated cell phenotype. Three-dimensional image reconstruction of the nucleus and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) revealed a novel transnuclear SR distribution that intertwined with the nucleus in fresh SMCs, while in SMCs from organ culture the SR was predominantly perinuclear and cytoplasmic. This study demonstrates that the functional up-regulation of UTP-sensitive receptors and the disappearance of the transnuclear SR distribution are novel features of dedifferentiated coronary SMCs.
The Role of Short-Term Plasticity in Neuromorphic Learning: Learning from the Timing of Rate-Varying Events with Fatiguing Spike-Timing-Dependent Plasticity (2018)

Neural networks (NNs) have been able to provide record-breaking performance in several machine-learning tasks, such as image and speech recognition, natural-language processing, playing complex games, and data analytics for scientific or business purposes [1]. They process their inputs through a series of linear and nonlinear operations and use learning algorithms, i.e., rules that optimize the parameters of the network.
IL-7 abrogates memory T regulatory cell functions by modulation of CD39/ATP axis in vitro and in vivo in HIV infected and non-infected patients (2012)

Methods Treg and CD8+ T cells were isolated from healthy donors (n=10) (HD) and chronically HAART treated HIV+ pt enrolled in a phase I/II IL-7 INSPIRE study (n=6X) (Levy et al, CID, in press). Treg subpopulations (naive CD45RA+FoxP3++CD45RA+CD25++CD127+/-, memory (mTreg) Foxp3highCD45RA-CD25highCD127low, FoxP3++CD45RA-CD25++CD127+/-) were cultured with IL-7 (10 ng/ml). Phenotype (CD39, Bcl-2, Stat5P, purinergic receptor P2X7R), suppression of the proliferation of autologous antiCD3 activated CD8+ T cells (CFSE stained) and cytokine profile (IL-17 production) of Treg were analyzed.
So.cl: An Interest Network for Informal Learning (2021)

Web search engines emerged prior to the dominance of social media. What if we imagined search as integrating with social media from the ground up? So.cl is a web application that combines web browsing, search, and social networking for the purposes of sharing and learning around topics of interest. In this paper, we present the results of a deployment study examining existing learning practices around search and social networking for students, and how these practices shifted when participants adopted So.cl. We found prior to using So.cl that students already heavily employed search tools and social media for learning. With the use of So.cl, we found that users engaged in lightweight, fun social sharing and learning for informal, personal topics, but not for more heavyweight collaboration around school or work. The public nature of So.cl encouraged users to post search results as much for self-expression as for searching, enabling serendipitous discovery around interests.
Gettering in Low Temperature VLSI Processes (1985)

For gettering in silicon we have discussed a mechanism that depends on the injection of silicon interstitials. At low temperatures, where this mechanism is important, the time to getter effectively is only weakly dependent on temperature. We have cited data from the literature reporting effective getteringin 1 hour at both 1000°C and 800°C for the case of phosphorus diffusion. For backside getters, such as polysilicon, which do not inject silicon interstitials, temperatures much below 1000°C can not be used. Thus as processing temperatures drop, the efficacy of polysicon as a gettering treatment must be questioned. Backside treatments such as argon implantation and phosphorus diffuision, because they do inject silicon interstitials,will be effective down to very low temperatures. Intrinsic gettering will also be effective at low temperatures, as long as one insures that oxygen precipitation continuesthrough the Process.
Targeting telomerase for cancer therapeutics (2008)

One of the hallmarks of advanced malignancies is continuous cell growth and this almost universally correlates with the reactivation of telomerase. Although there is still much we do not understand about the regulation of telomerase, it remains a very attractive and novel target for cancer therapeutics. Several clinical trials have been initiated, and in this review we highlight some of the most promising approaches and conclude by speculating on the role of telomerase in cancer stem cells.
Material selection and fabrication parameters for antireflective nanostructures integrated with multijunction photovoltaics (2014)

Multijunction photovoltaic devices with four or more junctions require low reflection over a wavelength range that is nearly 50% wider than what is required for a triple-junction design. Antireflective nanostructures can drastically reduce reflection across this range; however careful design is necessary for integration with multijunction devices. In this work, we address the design trade-offs imposed by material availability by modeling absorption and reflection loss for various configurations. We find that the best performance is obtained using a hybrid design that combines antireflective nanostructures with a thin-film optical coating. Our models show that this configuration can increase transmitted power into the solar cell by 2.1% compared to the best standalone nanostructure configuration and 1.3% compared to an optimal thin-film antireflection coating. We also detail a fabrication process for integrating this hybrid design onto an active photovoltaic device.