gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Manipulating the microstructure and rheology in polymer‐organoclay composites (2002)

Abstract A series of nanocomposites prepared by melt‐blending of cloisite‐based organoclays with poly(ethylene‐vinylacetate) (EVA) and neutralized poly (ethylene‐methacrylic acid) (EMA) copolymers were investigated via DSC, small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS), and rheological techniques. SAXS results indicated partial clay exfoliation in all samples. In both EMA and EVA systems, the nominal melting temperature T m and bulk crystallinity are not significantly affected by the presence of organoclays, suggesting that clay particles are predominantly confined in the amorphous phase. In rheological measurements (above T m ), the EVA‐clay system demonstrated a solid‐like rheological behavior under the small‐strain oscillatory shear, yet it was able to yield and flow under a steady shear, which is the characteristic of physical crosslinking. In contrast, the EMA‐clay system exhibited a melt‐like rheological behavior, where the influence of organoclay on the thermorheological behavior of the EMA composite was quite minimal. We propose that the carbonyl groups of vinylacetate in EVA interact with the clay surface, resulting in a strong physically crosslinking like interaction in the melt. On the other hand, the interaction between EMA and clay is weak because of repulsion between carboxyl anions and negatively charged clay surface.
Targeted Down Regulation Of Core Mitochondrial Genes During SARS-CoV-2 Infection (2022)

Defects in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) have been reported in COVID-19 patients, but the timing and organs affected vary among reports. Here, we reveal the dynamics of COVID-19 through transcription profiles in nasopharyngeal and autopsy samples from patients and infected rodent models. While mitochondrial bioenergetics is repressed in the viral nasopharyngeal portal of entry, it is up regulated in autopsy lung tissues from deceased patients. In most disease stages and organs, discrete OXPHOS functions are blocked by the virus, and this is countered by the host broadly up regulating unblocked OXPHOS functions. No such rebound is seen in autopsy heart, results in severe repression of genes across all OXPHOS modules. Hence, targeted enhancement of mitochondrial gene expression may mitigate the pathogenesis of COVID-19.
The Selective Oxidation of Methane to Oxygenates Using Heterogeneous Catalysts (2022)

Methane is an abundant natural resource found in oil and gas fields around the world. However, in the absence of efficient on-site valorization technologies, hundreds of billions of cubic meters of methane are flared into the atmosphere each year. Current indirect conversion technologies are energy intensive, hence the drive for discovering new catalysts for direct selective methane oxidation. Methanol is the most desirable target product, but formic acid, ethanol, and acetic acid are also reported and considered valuable. In this chapter, the most significant advances in developing catalysts for methane selective oxidation to oxygenated products are discussed. Single-site Cu or Fe supported inside zeolites, and supported precious metal catalysts, are the most promising reported to date. However, the state of the art remains a long way from commercial application. Catalysts are typically characterized by high selectivity and very low conversion. Future catalyst design strategies would benefit from protecting the product by removing it from the active sites to facilitate higher yields.
The recruitment of p47phox and Rac2G12V at the phagosome is transient and phosphatidylserine dependent (2013)

These results suggest that p47(phox) and Rac2 accumulate only transiently at the phagosome at the onset of NADPH activity and detach from the phagosome before the end of ROS production. Furthermore, lactC2, by masking PS, interfered with the phagosomal recruitment of p47(phox) and Rac2 and disturbed NADPH oxidase activity. Thus, PS appears as a modulator of NADPH oxidase activation.
Metrological tools for the reference materials and reference instruments of the NIST material measurement laboratory (2020)

homogeneity metrology precision standardization traceability uncertainty validation reference standard analysis collaboration documentation harmonization identity information interlaboratory measurand technology
Rational Design of Lower‐Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Cathodes via Nanotailoring of Co‐Assembled Composite Structures (2014)

A novel in situ co-assembled nanocomposite LSM-Bi1.6 Er0.4 O3 (ESB) (icn-LSMESB) was obtained by conjugated wet-chemical synthesis. It showed an enhancement of the cathode polarization at 600 °C by >140 times relative to conventional LSM-Y0.08 Zr0.84 O1.92 (YSZ) cathodes and exceptional solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) performance of >2 W cm(-2) below 750 °C. This demonstrates that this novel cost-effective and broadly applicable process provides new opportunities for performance enhancement of energy storage and conversion devices by nanotailoring of composite electrodes.
Lack of significant systemic immune response in pigs experimentally (1998)

Porcine intestinal spirochaetosis (PIS) is a-diarrhoeal disease resulting from colonisation by the spirochaete Serpulina pilosicoli (I). Little is known about immunity in this infection (2). Individual animals may be colonised for extended periods of time, and the disease in infected piggeries appears to occur sporadically. Pig infected with PIS suffer from decreased growth rates, poor feed conversion, and weight loss (3). This experiment was conducted to determine whether infected pigs developed circulating antibodies to the spirochaete, and to evaluate the effect of vaccination.
Replication Data for: Dilute Pd-in-Au alloy RCT-SiO2 catalysts for enhanced oxidative methanol coupling (2022)

The data underlying this published work have been made publicly available in this repository as part of the IMASC Data Management Plan. This work was supported as part of the Integrated Mesoscale Architectures for Sustainable Catalysis (IMASC), an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences under Award # DE-SC0012573.
Plasma Density Measurements Using a Double Langmuir Probe in a Prototype Vaccuum ARC Fault Current Limiter (1981)

Electric power systems could benefit from a device that would limit the magnitude of short-circuit current. A switched resistor fault current limiter requires a commutating switch capable of interrupting current without the benefit of a natural current zero. The unstable diffuse plasma discharge between electrodes in a cylindrical geometry might be capable of such a task but the phenomena involved in this discharge is not completely understood. To develop a detailed model of this unstable discharge, measurements of the plasma density as a function of position and time were made using a double probe. A maximum density of 5 x 1020 m-3 was measured 90 mm from the cathode of this diffuse copper vapor discharge in vacuum.
Oligo(nucleoside Phosphorothioate)s: The Quest of P-Chirality (2002)

The influence of the sense of chirality at phosphorus of internucleotide phosphorothioate groups in oligo(nucleoside phosphorothioate)s is discussed in terms of stability of stereodefined PS-Oligos in the intra- and intercellular media and newly discovered exclusive ability of R P -PS-Oligos containing homopurine tracts towards the formation of triple-stranded species of one phosphorothioate and two complementary RNA strands stechiometry.
SISO FRONT-END DECODERS IN IMIDD OPTICAL CHANNELS WITH APPLICATION TO TURBO CODE DECODING (2004)

We analyze the log-likelihood ratio (LLR) of the received signal yielded by a soft input/soft output (SISO) front-end decoder, in intensity modulation direct detection (IMIDD) optical channels operating in the presence of amplified spon­ taneous emission (ASE) noise. We focus on long haul or metro links spanning several hundred kilometers of single mode fibers with optical amplifiers. Unlike in AWGN chan­ nels where the LLR is a scaled version of the received sam­ ple, our study shows that in IMIDD optical channels with dominant ASE noise the LLR is approximately proportional to the square root of the received signal. Moreover, al­ though Gaussian modeling of the received samples in op­ tical channels has been shown to be inaccurate (e.g., (1), (2)), in this work we show that the LLR yielded by a SISO front-end decoder can be accurately modeled as a Gaus­ sian random variable. Building on this result, we develop an adaptive decoding scheme for block turbo codes (BTC) in IMIDD optical channels. The predictions of our analy­ sis are verified by computer simulations of the bit error rate (BER) for several BTC. Our results also show that the new scheme performs better than previous proposals in transmis­ sions over optical fiber channels.
Discrete Connection and Covariant Derivative for Vector Field Analysis and Design (2016)

In this article, we introduce a discrete definition of connection on simplicial manifolds, involving closed-form continuous expressions within simplices and finite rotations across simplices. The finite-dimensional parameters of this connection are optimally computed by minimizing a quadratic measure of the deviation to the (discontinuous) Levi-Civita connection induced by the embedding of the input triangle mesh, or to any metric connection with arbitrary cone singularities at vertices. From this discrete connection, a covariant derivative is constructed through exact differentiation, leading to explicit expressions for local integrals of first-order derivatives (such as divergence, curl, and the Cauchy-Riemann operator) and for L 2 -based energies (such as the Dirichlet energy). We finally demonstrate the utility, flexibility, and accuracy of our discrete formulations for the design and analysis of vector, n -vector, and n -direction fields.
Quantum dimensionality, entropy, and the modulation response of quantum dot lasers (2000)

Rate equations are used to show that the modulation response of quantum dot lasers can be limited by entropy change due to carrier relaxation from a wetting layer. The entropy change is due to the difference in the spectral density of quantum states between the two-dimensional wetting layer and the zero-dimensional quantum dot. When limited by this effect, the laser’s 3 dB modulation response becomes strongly temperature dependent.
Data from Performance of Three-Biomarker Immunohistochemistry for Intrinsic Breast Cancer Subtyping in the AMBER Consortium (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Background:&lt;/b&gt; Classification of breast cancer into intrinsic subtypes has clinical and epidemiologic importance. To examine accuracy of IHC-based methods for identifying intrinsic subtypes, a three-biomarker IHC panel was compared with the clinical record and RNA-based intrinsic (PAM50) subtypes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Methods:&lt;/b&gt; Automated scoring of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and HER2 was performed on IHC-stained tissue microarrays comprising 1,920 cases from the African American Breast Cancer Epidemiology and Risk (AMBER) consortium. Multiple cores (1–6/case) were collapsed to classify cases, and automated scoring was compared with the clinical record and to RNA-based subtyping.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Automated analysis of the three-biomarker IHC panel produced high agreement with the clinical record (93% for ER and HER2, and 88% for PR). Cases with low tumor cellularity and smaller core size had reduced agreement with the clinical record. IHC-based definitions had high agreement with the clinical record regardless of hormone receptor positivity threshold (1% vs. 10%), but a 10% threshold produced highest agreement with RNA-based intrinsic subtypes. Using a 10% threshold, IHC-based definitions identified the basal-like intrinsic subtype with high sensitivity (86%), although sensitivity was lower for luminal A, luminal B, and HER2-enriched subtypes (76%, 40%, and 37%, respectively).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; Three-biomarker IHC-based subtyping has reasonable accuracy for distinguishing basal-like from nonbasal-like, although additional biomarkers are required for accurate classification of luminal A, luminal B, and HER2-enriched cancers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Impact:&lt;/b&gt; Epidemiologic studies relying on three-biomarker IHC status for subtype classification should use caution when distinguishing luminal A from luminal B and when interpreting findings for HER2-enriched cancers. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(3); 470–8. ©2015 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Lipooligosaccharide Ligands from Respiratory Bacterial Pathogens Enhance Cellular Uptake of Nanoparticles (2023)

Several bacterial pathogens contain membrane ligands that facilitate their binding and internalization into human tissues. In this study, lipooligosaccharides (LOS) from the respiratory pathogen non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) were isolated from the bacterial surface and evaluated as a nanoparticle coating material to facilitate uptake into respiratory epithelium. NTHi clinical isolates were screened to select a strain with high binding potential due to their elevated phosphorylcholine content. The association of particles with human bronchial epithelial cells was investigated as a function of particle surface chemistry and incubation time, and the uptake mechanism evaluated via chemical inhibitor and receptor activation studies. A more than two-fold enhancement in particle uptake was achieved by coating the particles with LOS compared to uncoated or gelatin-coated particles, which was further increased by activating the platelet activating factor receptor (PAFR). These findings demonstrate that bacterial-derived LOS ligands can enhance the targeting and binding of nanoparticles to lung epithelial cells.
Multicentre phase II trial of combination neoadjuvant hormone therapy and weekly docetaxel prior to radical prostatectomy in high risk localized prostate cancer (CUOG-P01a) (2004)

4635 Background: Docetaxel is active for hormone refractory prostate cancer (HRPC) and may have additive effects if combined with androgen ablation in hormone naïve disease. Potential beneficial or adverse effects of combination vs sequential chemo-hormonal regimens are poorly defined. The objective of this trial was to assess the tolerability and pathologic effects (including high-throughput transcriptional and immunohistochemical bioprofiling) of 6 months of combined androgen ablation + docetaxel in men with high risk localized prostate cancer prior to radical prostatectomy. Methods: In a Phase II multicentre, single arm, open-label study men with newly diagnosed previously untreated clinically localized high-risk disease received androgen ablation (buserelin acetate 6.3 mg q 8 weeks x 3, + anti-androgen for 4 weeks) + weekly docetaxel (35 mg/m2 iv weekly x 6 q 8 weeks for 3 cycles). Results: 72 men with a mean age of 55 years (range 45–74) and mean serum PSA of 17.8 μg/L (range 2.5–66) were enrolled at 6 sites across Canada. Baseline prognostic factors included 51% cT2 and 38% cT3; 32% Gleason 7, 32% Gleason 8, and 27% Gleason 9; PSA <10 in 44%, 10–20 μg/L in 25%, and >20 μg/L in 31%. Eight patients discontinued study therapy for > grade 3 toxicity (n=5), withdrawal of consent (n=1), or identification of metastatic disease (n=2). 64 patients completed protocol therapy and surgery. 38 (59%) were pathological T2N0, including 2 complete responders (P-0) and 10 with residual microfoci of cancer. 26 (41%) were pT3, including 7 with seminal vesicle invasion (pT3c), and 4 T3N1. Positive surgical margins were identified in 17 (27%), including 5 pT2 and 12 pT3 tumors. Conclusion: Combined androgen ablation + weekly docetaxel is reasonably well tolerated and results in significant pathologic responses and lower than expected positive surgical margins for this high-risk group. Tissue microarray construction and transcriptional profiling are underway to define treatment-induced changes in gene expression. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Aventis; Novartis; OncoGenex Abbott; Avenits; Novartis Aventis
Microwave-enhanced chemistry : fundamentals, sample preparation, and applications (1997)

FUNDAMENTALS OF MICROWAVE APPLICATION 1. Applications of Microwave Dielectric Heating Effects to Synthetic Problems in Chemistry 2. Overview of Microwave-Assisted Sample Preparation 3. Environmental Microwave Sample Preparation: Fundamentals, Methods, and Applications ALTERNATIVE LABORATORY MICROWAVE INSTRUMENTS 4. Development of High-Pressure Closed-Vessel Systems for Microwave-Assisted Sample Digestion 5. Focused-Microwave-Assisted Reactions: Atmospheric-Pressure Acid Digestion, On-Line Pretreatment and Acid Digestion, Volatile Species Production, and Extraction 6. Applying Flow Methodology to Microwave-Enhanced Reactions 7. Pressure-Controlled Microwave-Assisted Wet Digestion Systems CHEMISTRY APPLICATIONS 8. Microwave Heating in Organic Chemistry: An Update 9. Use of Microwave Heating in Undergraduate Organic Laboratories 10. Microwave-Assisted Inorganic Reactions 11. Applications of Microwaves in Catalytic Chemistry 12. Microwave-Assisted Solvent Extraction BIOCHEMISTRY APPLICATIONS 13. Microwave Hydrolysis of Proteins and Peptides for Amino Acid Analysis 14. Microwave Methods for Sample Preparation in Pathology ACCESSING SAMPLE PREPARATION INFORMATION ON THE WWW 15. SamplePrep Web: Analytical Sample-Preparation and Microwave-Chemistry Resource Center LABORATORY MICROWAVE SAFETY 16. Laboratory Microwave Safety
Next Gen Test-Vehicle to Simulate Thermal Load for IoT FPGA Applications (2018)

As semiconductor device feature size scales and circuit performance increases, power dissipation and thermal management are becoming very important. Attention to thermal considerations is required throughout the chip development cycle from preliminary architecture planning to deployment on customer board and beyond. This paper describes a versatile thermal test vehicle that can be used to address these requirements. We discuss the architecture and implementation of a specially designed test-vehicle chip, followed by its operation. The programmability and flexibility of this vehicle will be highlighted. In addition, we cover other usage of this vehicle which includes modelling of chip-level thermal behavior with different floorplan, simulating thermal loads in IoT FPGA applications, cross-calibrating thermal numerical simulators with measured silicon data and evaluating the thermal impact of different package form-factor / material (such as thermal interface material) and cooling solutions. The abovementioned chip was fabricated using 0.18um technology and assembled in a flip-chip package. The reminder of this evaluation system is a simple, inexpensive tester from which a software is run to program the chip and to measure the spatial &amp; temporal temperature values. Measured thermal data from different use cases are presented in this paper.
Aggravation of Penicillin‐Induced Epilepsy in Rats with Locus Ceruleus Lesions (1991)

The rate and pattern of development of seizures induced by penicillin injected intraperitoneally were determined in rats that had been depleted of brain norepinephrine (NE) by bilateral injections of the neurotoxin 6-OH dopamine into the locus ceruleus. Behavioral observations and scalp electrographic recordings were made after injection and the efficacy of NE depletion was determined by high performance liquid chromatography measurement of cortical levels of NE and its metabolites. We found that in comparison to sham-operated control rats, NE-depleted rats had a significantly shorter latency to first observable myoclonic jerk, the first epileptic discharge, the first convulsion with sustained epileptic discharges, and a longer duration of convulsions. We observed a similar electrographic pattern of multifocal spikes with bilateral synchrony in both groups. However, more of the control rats (six of 12) had convulsions as compared to the lesioned rats (four of 12). These findings are consistent with previous evidence that depletion of neocortical NE facilitates the development of epileptiform activity in the CNS; however, a convulsive state was not induced by NE depletion.
Resonant Beam Communications: Principles and Designs (2019)

Wireless optical communications (WOC) has carriers up to several hundred terahertz, which offers several advantages, such as ultrawide bandwidth and no electromagnetic interference. Conventional WOC technologies that use light transmitters such as light emitting diodes (LEDs), directed LEDs, and lasers are facing major challenges in attenuation or tracking. Resonant beam communications (RBCom) meets the requirements of low attenuation, non-mechanical mobility, and multiple access. However, RBCom channel undergoes echo interference in contrast to common non-echo channels. An interference elimination method based on optical filtering is presented along with an exemplary interference-free RBCom system.
Targeting IRAK1/IRAK4 Signaling in Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia (2015)

Abstract Background: MYD88 L265P somatic mutations are highly prevalent in Waldenström's macroglobulinemia (WM) (NEJM 367(9):826-33). MYD88 L265P activates multiple downstream signaling pathways including BTK and IRAK1/IRAK4 that support malignant cell growth and survival (Nature 470(7332):115-9; Blood 122(7):1222-32). Ibrutinib targets BTK, and shows high overall and major clinical response rates, though no complete responses are observed indicating alternative survival signaling. Methodology: Phospho-flow analysis of IRAK1, IRAK4, and BTK was performed in primary WM cells taken from untreated WM patients, and those on ibrutinib therapy. IRAK1 or IRAK4 knockdown experiments were performed using lentiviral shRNA transduction. Immunoprecipitation, western blot and phospho-flow studies were used to detect protein expression and phosphorylation in WM cells. Cell survival following IRAK4 or IRAK1 knockdown, ibrutinib and/or IRAK4/IRAK1 inhibitor (EMD Millipore) treatment was assessed by Annexin V staining, AlamarBlue® Cell Viability Assay or CellTiter-Glo® Luminescent Cell Viability Assays. Results: Phospho-flow analysis of bone marrow lymphoplasmacytic cells taken from WM patients following &gt; 6 months of continued ibrutinib treatment demonstrated highly active IRAK1 and IRAK4, but not BTK. These findings prompted us to dissect the relative impact of IRAK1 and IRAK4 in supporting WM cell survival. Using lentiviral transduction, we identified shRNAs that produced similar levels of protein reduction by western blot analysis for both IRAK1 and IRAK4. Compared to scrambled control vector, knockdown of IRAK1 or IRAK4 both produced decreased tumor cell survival in MYD88 mutated BCWM.1 and MWCL-1 cells. More pronounced apoptosis, as well as sustained reduction in tumor cell growth occurred following knockdown of IRAK1 versus IRAK4. Treatment of primary WM cells taken from untreated patients, patients on ibrutinib therapy, as well as MYD88 mutated WM cells lines with ibrutinib and a toolbox IRAK4/IRAK1 inhibitor resulted in more robust reductions in NFkB signaling, and at least additive tumor cell killing versus either agent alone. Conclusions: MYD88 L265P mutated WM cells show greater dependence on IRAK1 versus IRAK4 directed signaling. IRAK1/IRAK4 signaling may contribute to persistent WM cell survival following ibrutinib treatment. Combined BTK and IRAK inhibition leads to augmented blockade of NFKB signaling and enhanced WM cell killing. The studies provide a framework for the development and investigation of IRAK inhibitors, alone and in combination with ibrutinib in WM patients. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.