gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Excellent power-generating properties by using the HIT structure (2008)

We are developing HIT solar cells with high conversion efficiency, which was achieved the world's highest conversion efficiency of 22.3% in a practical size solar cell in July 2007. We have four main approaches to reducing power-generating cost: improve the conversion efficiency, apply the HIT structure to a thin wafer, improve the temperature coefficient, and apply HIT solar cells to a bifacial solar module. Using these approaches, we have achieved the remarkably high conversion efficiency of 21.4% due to a high Voc of 0.739 V with an 85-μm cell, which was measured at SANYO. A thinner Si wafer brings not only high Voc but also generating more output power at high temperature for a better temperature coefficient. We have confirmed that the HIT structure is suitable for use in thinner wafers, allowing us to reduce power-generating cost.
Self‐treatment of opioid withdrawal using kratom (Mitragynia speciosa korth) (2008)

We report the self-treatment of chronic pain and opioid withdrawal with kratom. The predominant alkaloid of kratom, mitragynine, binds mu- and kappa-opioid receptors, but has additional receptor affinities that might augment its effectiveness at mitigating opioid withdrawal. The natural history of kratom use, including its clinical pharmacology and toxicology, are poorly understood.
The significance of TLRs in Brucella mediated dendritic cell activation in vitro and pulmonary clearance in vivo (42.16) (2010)

Abstract Brucellosis is a worldwide zoonoses affecting 500,000 people annually with no approved human vaccines available. Live attenuated B. abortus vaccine strain RB51 protects cattle through CD4 and CD8 T-cell mediated responses. However, there are concerns regarding its efficacy and use as a live vaccine in people. Therefore, identifying how Brucella vaccines stimulate innate and adaptive immunity is critical to enhancing vaccine efficacy. Brucella stimulate dendritic cells (DCs) through Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) 2, 4 and 9. In this study, to identify how rough vaccine strains stimulate DC activation and function in vitro, we used vaccine strain RB51 versus pathogenic strain 2308 to stimulate bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) from TLR2, 4 or 9 knockout (KO) and wild type BALB/c mice. Since inhalation of infected aerosols is one of the most common routes of exposure, in vivo clearance of strain RB51 compared to strain 2308 from intranasally (IN) infected TLR KO vs. control BALB/c mice was assessed. We determined that strain RB51 induced significant (p≤0.05) DC activation compared to strain 2308 which was TLR independent. However, strain RB51 induced TNF - α production was TLR2 and TLR9 dependent and IL-12 production was TLR2 and TLR4 dependent. TLR4 KO mice had significantly (p≤0.05) delayed pulmonary clearance of strain RB51 in vivo at day 14 post infection. Based on these data, future studies will focus on enhancing the protective ability of strain RB51.
A Limited Number of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) env Variants Are Transmitted to Rhesus Macaques Vaginally Inoculated with SIVmac251 (2010)

Single-genome amplification (SGA) and sequencing of HIV-1 RNA in plasma of acutely infected humans allows the identification and enumeration of transmitted/founder viruses responsible for productive systemic infection. Use of this strategy as a means for identifying transmitted viruses suggested that intrarectal simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) inoculation of macaques recapitulates key features of human rectal infection. However, no studies have used the SGA strategy to identify vaginally transmitted virus(es) in macaques or to determine how early SIV diversification in vaginally infected animals compares with HIV-1 in humans. We used SGA to amplify 227 partial env sequences from a SIVmac251 challenge stock and from seven rhesus macaques at the earliest plasma viral RNA-positive time point after low- and high-dose intravaginal inoculation. Sequences were analyzed phylogenetically to determine the relationship of transmitted/founder viruses within and between each animal and the challenge stock. In each animal, discrete low-diversity env sequence lineages were evident, and these coalesced phylogenetically to identical or near-identical env sequences in the challenge stock, thus confirming the validity of the SGA sequencing and modeling strategy for identifying vaginally transmitted SIV. Between 1 and 10 viruses were responsible for systemic infection, similar to humans infected by sexual contact, and the set of viruses transmitted to the seven animals studied represented the full genetic constellation of the challenge stock. These findings recapitulate many of the features of sexual HIV-1 transmission in women. Furthermore, the SIV rhesus macaque model can be used to understand the factors that influence the transmission of single versus multiple SIV variants.
Supplementary Figure 3 from <i>Neuropilin-1</i> Stimulates Tumor Growth by Increasing Fibronectin Fibril Assembly in the Tumor Microenvironment (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 223K, NRP-1 is required for beta1 integrin mediated endogenous fibronectin (FN) fibril assembly and TGFbeta promotes FN expression but is not required in the FN fibril assembly&lt;/p&gt;
The effect of fluid volume loading on exclusion of interstitial albumin and lymph flow in the dog lung. (1979)

The excluded volume fraction for interstitial albumin (FE) was estimated in the lungs of seven mongrel dogs during steady state conditions following intravenous infusions of Ringer's solution, amounting to 0, 5, 10, and 15% of body weight (BW). We estimated the tissue blood volume with 51Cr red cells, extracellular space with 99mTc-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (99mTc-DTPA), and the albumin pool with 125I human serum albumin. A prenodal tracheobronchial lymphatic was cannulated for recording lymph flow (QL), total protein (CL), and albumin [CL(A)] concentrations. From these measurements, we calculated the extravascular albumin content (QA) and 99mTc-DTPA space (VI) of lung tissue samples collected at the successive volume expansions. The apparent tissue concentration of albumin (CApp = QA/VI) decreased from a control value (mean +/- SE) of 0.89 +/- 0.06 to 0.46 +/- 0.04 g/dl following the 15% BW infusion, whereas CL(A) decreased from 1.43 +/- 0.16 to 0.50 +/- 0.07 g/dl for the same volume expansion. By assuming that pulmonary lymph represented tissue fluid, we calculated a control FE of 0.38 +/- 0.02 using the equation, FE = 1 - [CApp/CL(A)]. FE decreased following successive infusions to 0.28 +/- 0.03, 0.16 +/- 0.02, and 0.10 +/- 0.02. These data indicate a significant contribution by the decrease in FE to the total decrease in tissue albumin concentration as interstitial fluid volume increased. Somewhat unexpectedly, the mean steady state QL increased by only 2.1-fold following the 5% BW expansion, but did not further increase following subsequent volume expansions. This has been attributed to a nonlinear interstitial compliance, sequestration of interstitial fluid, or possible deterioration of the experimental preparation.
Botulinum Toxin Type A Reconstituted with Lidocaine: A Report of 1000 Consecutive Cases (2021)

(1) Background: There is an increasing demand for a reversal of the aging process and, nowadays, more patients are seeking minimally invasive methods instead of surgery to meet this goal. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the predictability of the off-label aesthetic use of botulinum toxin type A (BoNTA) reconstituted with lidocaine. (2) Methods: One thousand treatments, between January 2010 and January 2020, with BoNTA reconstituted with lidocaine for the rejuvenation of the upper third of the face, were performed and retrospectively evaluated. (3) Results: A few seconds after the BoNTA injections, the effect of muscle paralysis was seen in all cases; this allowed providing an optimal symmetric result with no need for a touch-up procedure at the control after three weeks. A burning sensation during the injections was claimed by almost all patients. Major complications were not registered. No touch-up procedures were required. (4) Conclusions: The results of this study show how the reconstitution of BoNTA with lidocaine may avoid imperfect results after the injections; the immediate feedback on the extent of paralysis to be expected from the chemodenervation action of BoNTA allows the physician to have immediate control of the final result.
Latent Attention Augmentation for Robust Autonomous Driving Policies (2021)

Model-free reinforcement learning has become a viable approach for vision-based robot control. However, sample complexity and adaptability to domain shifts remain persistent challenges when operating in high-dimensional observation spaces (images, LiDAR), such as those that are involved in autonomous driving. In this paper, we propose a flexible framework by which a policy’s observations are augmented with robust attention representations in the latent space to guide the agent’s attention during training. Our method encodes local and global descriptors of the augmented state representations into a compact latent vector, and scene dynamics are approximated by a recurrent network that processes the latent vectors in sequence. We outline two approaches for constructing attention maps; a supervised pipeline leveraging semantic segmentation networks, and an unsupervised pipeline relying only on classical image processing techniques. We conduct our experiments in simulation and test the learned policy against varying seasonal effects and weather conditions. Our design decisions are supported in a series of ablation studies. The results demonstrate that our state augmentation method both improves learning efficiency and encourages robust domain adaptation when compared to common end-to-end frameworks and methods that learn directly from intermediate representations.
An Algorithm for High-Speed Control of Machine Tools (1993)

Experiments are performed for end-milling aluminum at 15,000 RPM spindle speed (1,508 m/min cutting speed) and up to 3 m/min table feedspeed using an eexperimental machine tool control system. A digital feedforward controle for feed drive control is designed based on the zero phase error tracking controller (ZPETC), using a model derived from a frequency-weighted identifcation of the closed-loop plant. The controller achieves near-perfect (± 3 μm) tracking over a 26 mm trajectory with a maximum speed of 2 m/min. The maximum contouring error for a 26 mm diameter circle at this speed is less than 4 μm. Tracking and contouring experiments are conducted for table feedspeeds as high as 10 m/min. Frquency domain analysis demonstrates that the feedforward controller achieves a bandwidth of 10 Hz without phase distortion. In a direct comparison of machining accuracy, the experimental controller demonstrates a significant improvement over an industrial CNC, as measured by a coordinate measuring machine.
Gastric-and-intestinal mixed endocrine cell phenotypic expression of carcinoid tumors in the rectum (1994)

We have previously demonstrated that gastric and intestinal endocrine cell (End-cell) marker expression is important for assessment of the histogenesis of endocrine cell tumors. However, the End-cell phenotypes of carcinoid tumors in the rectum remain largely unclear. We therefore examined marker expression of rectal carcinoid tumors. We evaluated 20 rectal carcinoid tumors (as well as 8 from the stomach for comparison) phenotypically, using gastrin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) and glucagons-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) as End-cell markers. Rectal carcinoid tumors were divided into 3 endocrine-gastric (e-G), 16 endocrine-gastric-and-intestinal mixed (e-GI), 1 endocrine-intestinal (e-I), and 0 endocrine-null (e-N) types, thus 19 (e-G+ e-GI types, 95%) had gastric phenotypic expression, while 17 (e-GI+ e-I types, 85%) harbored intestinal elements. Stomach carcinoid tumors were classified as 6 e-G and 2 e-N types, respectively. In conclusion, most rectal carcinoid tumors exhibited the e-GI type, suggesting the importance of gastric End-cell marker expression for histogenesis of the rectal carcinoid tumors. Further studies of pathological and biological analyses are needed to clarify the histogenesis of the carcinoid tumors.
Peptide-induced mRNAs in whole blood ex vivo as a unique assay for peptide-specific T cell immunity (2013)

Meeting abstracts Assessment of antigen-specific humoral immunity (IgG) is established and used clinically, whereas the analysis of antigen-specific cellular immunity is not applied as a routine clinical test, due to the complexity of assay procedures. Antigen specificity in cellular immunity means
Photodiagnostic et chirurgie guidés par la fluorescence (2015)

B2 Photodiagnostic et chirurgie guids par
The (in-) validity of the WSSUS assumption in vehicular radio channels (2012)

The assumption of wide-sense-stationarity (WSS) and uncorrelated scattering (US) of wireless propagation channels is widespread for the design and analysis of wireless propagation channels. However, the assumption is only valid within a limited range. In this paper, we investigate the extension of this range not only in time (WSS), but also in frequency (US), for measured vehicular propagation channels. We do this by using the collinearity of the local scattering function, which is a bounded spectral distance metric, and thus allows us to set an indicative threshold, which in turn enables a WSS and a US test. We prove that the fading process in vehicular communications is strongly non-WSS, which agrees with results previously reported in the literature. Furthermore, for the first time (to the authors' knowledge), we show their non-US behavior as well, mainly in scenarios with rich scattering. The dimensions of the minimum stationarity region are on the order of 40 ms in time and 40MHz in frequency.
Optical Clock Distribution To Silicon Chips (1986)

Timing constraints for state-of-the-art very large scale integrated circuits (VLSI) in silicon are rapidly approaching communication limits available with layered two-dimensional metal and polysilicon wiring approaches. For such communication-limited systems, reliable clock distribution is a key concern. The range of finite differences in signal delays over clock wires of various lengths for large chips creates a timing skew that is significant when compared to the switching time of transistors in the circuit. The high bandwidth and three-dimensionality of imaging optical systems suggest that optical clock distribution systems have the potential to overcome the timing barriers presented by planar wiring. Clock signals can be holographically mapped to detector sites within small functional cells on a chip surface. Within each functional cell, the clock is distributed with negligible delays via surface wires, reducing skew effects to the variation in reaction times of the photodetectors on the chip. This paper includes the presentation of an optical clock distribution system assuming holographic mapping of beams from an off-chip optical source. Computer simulations of the electronic response of optical clock detection circuits in standard 4 µm CMOS technology have been performed.
1,3-Bis(2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-iodophenoxy)-2,2-bis[(2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-iodophenoxy)methyl]propane (2013)

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C29H8F16I4O4, short I⋯I and I⋯F contacts, which can be understood as halogen bonds (XBs), represent the strongest inter-molecular inter-actions, consistent with the presence of I and F atoms, and the absence of H atoms, at the periphery of the mol-ecule. In addition, π-π stacking inter-actions between tetra-fluoro-iodo-phenyl (TFIP) groups and five short F⋯F inter-actions are present.
La recherche de mutations dans l’ADN tumoral circulant aide à prédire la réponse à l’immunothérapie dans le cancer du poumon (2020)

International audience
The mesa merging oxidation method for creating low-loss dielectrics and transmission lines on low-resistivity silicon (2011)

A mesa merging oxidation method has been developed to create large low-loss SiO 2 dielectrics on low-resistivity silicon. In the mesa merging method, thermal oxidation converts an array of silicon mesas into a solid block of SiO 2 . The SiO 2 dielectrics are combined with further micromachining steps to create high aspect ratio coplanar waveguide (hicoplanar) transmission lines. The large SiO 2 dielectrics enable high-impedance and low-loss hicoplanar transmission lines to be created with this method. Hicoplanar transmission lines with high impedance of 80 Ω and loss less than 1 dB cm −1 up to 67 GHz have been successfully fabricated.
Computationally Efficient Collision-Free Trajectory Planning of Satellite Swarms Under Unmodeled Orbital Perturbations (2023)

This paper studies the problem of collision-free trajectory planning for a satellite swarm reconfiguration under perturbations and modeling uncertainties in a low Earth orbit (LEO). Determining exact trajectory planning solutions is computationally heavy as they require solving a mixed-integer nonlinear program owing to i) nonlinear relative dynamic models of satellites, ii) fuel-optimal assignment of satellites on the final formation, and iii) nonconvex collision avoidance constraints. To address these, first, a suitable linear model for trajectory planning is identified by quantifying modeling accuracy associated with various models capturing LEO perturbations. The effects of any residual modeling errors in the path prediction are mitigated by shrinking-horizon model-predictive feedback control, which updates the control command based on the latest satellite measurements. Secondly, an optimal swarm configuration is efficiently computed by decoupling the target-assignment algorithm from the trajectory optimization problem. Based on the estimated fuel expenditure for each satellite–target pairing, the target-assignment algorithm selects a configuration with minimal fuel consumption. Lastly, to determine collision-free, fuel-optimal maneuvers, two novel trajectory planning approaches, namely, distributed and decentralized trajectory optimization, are presented. While the former iteratively searches for collision-free feasible paths to optimal terminal configuration, the latter computes a near-optimal configuration with collision-free paths.
Numerical Modeling of Transport Phenomena and Dendritic Growth in Laser Spot Conduction Welding of 304 Stainless Steel (2012)

A multiscale model is developed to investigate the heat/mass transport and dendrite growth in laser spot conduction welding. A macroscale transient model of heat transport and fluid flow is built to study the evolution of temperature and velocity field of the molten pool. The molten pool shape is calculated and matches well with the experimental result. On the microscale level, the dendritic growth of 304 stainless steel is simulated by a novel model that has coupled the cellular automata (CA) and phase field (PF) methods. The epitaxial growth is accurately identified by defining both the grain density and dendrite arm density at the fusion line. By applying the macroscale thermal history onto the microscale calculation domain, the microstructure evolution of the entire molten pool is simulated. The predicted microstructure achieves a good quantitative agreement with the experimental results.
21403 Practical State Inspection of Shrinkage Pores Cluster in Aluminum Alloy Die Casting (2010)

One disadvantage of aluminum alloy die castings is the presence of casting defects. In this study, we deal with shrinkage pores as the defects. Shrinkage pores become the initiation point of fatigue crack due to those complicated shape and reduce the fatigue strength. However, shrinkage pores cannot be observed by X-ray CT. So, we try to polish the specimen surface with the cluster of shrinkage pores every polishing depth of 10 μm and take the images of polishing surfaces by microscope. It is shown that the three-dimensional image of shrinkage pores cluster can be taken precisely by superimposing the image of polishing surfaces.
Human keratinocytes are a major source of cutaneous platelet-derived growth factor. (1993)

PDGF has been implicated as one of the principal mitogens involved in cutaneous wound healing. While it has been previ- ously reported that both platelets and monocytes are a source of PDGF in human dermal wound repair, the production of PDGF by human keratinocytes has not yet been described. In this manuscript, we report the production of PDGF by cultured hu- man keratinocytes. Both PDGF A and B chain mRNA can be detected in cultured cells. While only PDGF-AA polypeptide is found in significant levels in keratinocyte-conditioned culture media, all three PDGF isoforms (AA, AB, and BB) are present in detergent-solubilized cell extracts. No evidence of PDGF receptor expression was observed in cultured keratinocytes when analyzed for either mRNA levels or polypeptide expres- sion, suggesting that PDGF does not play an autocrine role in keratinocyte growth. Analysis of cryosections of human cutane- ous wounds by immunostaining for PDGF showed that both PDGF A and B chain is constitutively expressed in normal epidermis, as well as in newly reconstituted wound epidermis. No evidence for PDGF receptor polypeptide expression in the epidermis was detected by immunostaining of cryosections. (J. Clin. Invest.
Densities and Viscosities for Binary Liquid Mixtures of Ethanol + 1-Propanol, 1-Butanol, and 1-Pentanol from (293.15 to 328.15) K at 0.1 MPa (2012)

This paper presents densities and viscosities of binary mixtures of ethanol with 1-propanol, 1-butanol, and 1-pentanol from (293.15 to 328.15) K at 0.1 MPa over the entire composition range. Densities come from a vibrating tube densimeter while viscosities are from a pellet microviscometer. A three-body McAllister equation correlates the kinematic viscosities. The excess molar volumes and viscosity deviations calculated from the experimental data both have negative deviations from ideality over the temperature range. A prediction with a generalized, three-body McAllister equation and a generalized corresponding states principle (GCSP) equation indicates that the generalized McAllister equation is a better predictor having results within 3 % of the observed kinematic viscosities.
Testing software in age of data privacy (2011)

Database-centric applications (DCAs) are common in enterprise computing, and they use nontrivial databases. Testing of DCAs is increasingly outsourced to test centers in order to achieve lower cost and higher quality. When proprietary DCAs are released, their databases should also be made available to test engineers. However, different data privacy laws prevent organizations from sharing this data with test centers because databases contain sensitive information. Currently, testing is performed with anonymized data, which often leads to worse test coverage (such as code coverage) and fewer uncovered faults, thereby reducing the quality of DCAs and obliterating benefits of test outsourcing. To address this issue, we offer a novel approach that combines program analysis with a new data privacy framework that we design to address constraints of software testing. With our approach, organizations can balance the level of privacy with needs of testing. We have built a tool for our approach and applied it to nontrivial Java DCAs. Our results show that test coverage can be preserved at a higher level by anonymizing data based on their effect on corresponding DCAs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ethyl(tributylstannyl)acetate: A Versatile Reagent for the Carboethoxymethylation of Functionalized Pyridines. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.