gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Online Feedback Optimization of Compressor Stations with Model Adaptation using Gaussian Process Regression (2022)

Online Feedback Optimization is a method used to steer the operation of a process plant to its optimal operating point without explicitly solving a nonlinear constrained optimization problem. This is achieved by leveraging a linear plant model and feedback from measurements. However the presence of plant-model mismatch leads to suboptimal results when using this approach. Learning the plant-model mismatch enables Online Feedback Optimization to overcome this shortcoming. In this work we present a novel application of Online Feedback Optimization with online model adaptation using Gaussian process regression. We demonstrate our approach with a realistic load sharing problem in a compressor station with parametric and structural plant-model mismatch. We assume imperfect knowledge of the compressor maps and design an Online Feedback Optimization controller that minimizes the compressor station power consumption. In the evaluated scenario, imperfect knowledge of the plant leads to a 5% increase in power consumption compared to the case with perfect knowledge. We demonstrate that Online Feedback Optimization with model adaptation reduces this increase to only 0.8%, closely approximating the case of perfect knowledge of the plant, regardless of the type of mismatch.
Analytic evaluation of sampled aperture ultrasonic imaging techniques for NDE (1994)

This paper presents a theoretical comparison of three generic sampled aperture ultrasonic imaging systems for nondestructive evaluation. The imaging systems are categorized according to their source-receiver combination for data acquisition: common-source, back-scatter, and full-array imaging. First, forward modeling is performed for a point source and a point receiver. This is then used to model the received data set for each of the imaging categories. Subsequently, the inversion algorithm for each category is derived, and their performance is evaluated in terms of resolution, noise, and computation. We show that in terms of resolution, back-scatter imaging is the best, followed by full-array and common-source imaging. However, in terms of material noise, full-array imaging is the best, with back-scatter and common-source imaging having the same material noise response. Full-array imaging is the only system with inherent redundancy to reduce electronic noise, but at the expense of significantly more computation. The physical transducer is in the full-array category, allowing mechanical scanning to be traded for dynamic focusing and computational power.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Study of SiGe/Si heterostructure electronic devices (2002)

The research and development of SiGe/Si electronic devices are discussed. Our studies of the advanced SiGe/Si HBTs and the side-wall oxide self-aligned technique are described. A lot of experimental and theoretical results on SiGe/Si RTDs are presented, in which very different features of heavy and light hole resonant transport can be determined.
Visual Problem-Solving Support for New Event Triage in Centralized Network Security Monitoring: Challenges, Tools and Benefits. (2003)

Organizations that provide centralized security monitoring of the networks of multiple third-party organizations are faced with a challenging task. The amount of security event data to be processed presents not only a technical challenge, but also a problem-solving challenge to operators. We present a model of the problem-solving process and discuss how visual support tools can facilitate the central problem-solving step called new event triage. We argue that with tools such as these the natural benefits of centralized monitoring can come into play, which enhances effectiveness of centralized monitoring to a level beyond the reach of organizations focusing exclusively on their own network.
Prospects of imaging applications (1997)

Passive millimetre wave (MMW) imaging systems have attracted an increasing interest due to their superior poor weather performance compared with visible and infrared (IR) systems. In the UK, the Defence Evaluation and Research Agency at Malvern developed its first MMW radiometers in the 1950s. These systems were bulky, had low thermal sensitivity and poor spatial resolution but the considerable advances in semiconductor solid state devices have allowed the size and weight of imagers to be reduced and sensitivity to be increased. Advantage can also be taken of sophisticated on-line signal processing to increase spatial resolution and of complex theoretical device modelling and analysis. This paper examines the impact of these advances in technology and identifies new methods to overcome the difficulties of poor spatial resolution and slow response time. High quality images are presented which demonstrate the potential of this emerging technology to military applications.
Frequency Stability of a 10GHz Optical Frequency Comb from a Semiconductor Based Mode-locked Laser with an Intra-cavity 10,000 Finesse Etalon (2013)

An optical frequency comb from a semiconductor-based mode-locked laser with temperature-stabilized intra-cavity etalon held in a vacuum chamber is demonstrated to have &lt;100 kHz variation over &gt;12 minutes, and fractional deviation of 2×10−11 at 50 ms.
Induction of AIDS by simian immunodeficiency virus lacking NF-kappaB and SP1 binding elements (1997)

Rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were infected with five strains of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) derived from SIVmac239 containing deletions (delta) or substitutions (subst) in NF-kappaB and Sp1 binding sites. We have shown previously that mutations in these regions still allow efficient SIVmac replication in primary lymphoid cell cultures (P. O. Ilyinskii and R. C. Desrosiers, J. Virol. 70:3118-3126, 1996). Two animals were inoculated intravenously with each mutant strain of SIVmac239: delta NFkappaB, delta Sp1234, delta NFkappaB delta Sp1234, substSp12, and substSp1234. All but one of the infected animals showed an early spike in plasma antigenemia, maintained high virus burdens, and had significant changes in lymphoid tissues, and six died with AIDS within the first 60 weeks of infection. One of the animals infected with the SIV strain delta NFkappaB delta Sp1234 showed lower levels of plasma antigenemia and lower virus burdens; the other animal infected with this same mutant strain died with AIDS 17 weeks after inoculation. No consistent novel mutations or reversions were detected in proviral sequences derived from the animals infected with the deletion mutants and the substSp12 mutant by 20 weeks postinfection. Point-mutated sequences were partially deleted in both animals infected with the substSp1234 strain. These results indicate that the NF-kappaB and Sp1 binding sites are not essential for the induction of AIDS by SIVmac239. They also provide indirect evidence for the importance of a novel enhancer element in the U3 region of the SIVmac long terminal repeat that is located immediately upstream of the NF-kappaB binding site within the C-terminal region of the nef coding sequence.
The Effect of Saturation on Belief Propagation Decoding of LDPC Codes (2014)

We consider the effect of LLR saturation on belief propagation decoding of low-density parity-check codes. Saturation occurs universally in practice and is known to have a significant effect on error floor performance. Our focus is on threshold analysis and stability of density evolution. We analyze the decoder for certain low-density parity-check code ensembles and show that belief propagation decoding generally degrades gracefully with saturation. Stability of density evolution is, on the other hand, rather strongly affected by saturation and the asymptotic qualitative effect of saturation is similar to reduction of variable node degree by one.
Failure of Components Although the Causes Are Simple & Well Documented. (1998)

Abstract : For most of the materials commonly used in machinery, the static, fatigue and other design properties have been well-studied and documented. Yet, very common and simple oversights are made in choosing the right material and the correct design for an application, leading to premature failure of components in pieces of equipment. This paper will present two failures caused by inadequate design and improper material selection. (1) Failed pawls in hand operated winches for ladder hoist: A pawl finger is used in the winch which engages in-between the teeth of two gears to lock the winch in place when weight is on the ladder extension. Occasionally, the pawl sustains failure. Determination of the cause, as well as recommendations for improvements will be discussed. (2) Failed Power Lock Tapered Ring: This device was designed to fasten a sprocket to a shaft without the use of keyways. The power lock consisted to two tapered rings bolted together with six bolts, wedged against an outer and inner ring. One of the tapered rings fractured during a bench test. The root cause analysis and recommendations for prevention is provided.
Statistical Modeling of Pipeline Delay and Design of Pipeline under Process Variation to Enhance Yield in sub-100nm Technologies (2005)

Operating frequency of a pipelined circuit is determined by the of the slowest pipeline stage. However, under statistical delay variation in sub-100 nm technology regime, the slowest stage is not readily identifiable and the estimation of the pipeline yield with respect to a target delay is a challenging problem. We have proposed analytical models to estimate yield for a pipelined design based on delay distributions of individual pipe stages. Using the proposed models, we have shown that change in logic depth and imbalance between the stage delays can improve the yield of a pipeline. A statistical methodology has been developed to optimally design a pipeline circuit for enhancing yield. Optimization results show that, proper imbalance among the stage delays in a pipeline improves design yield by 9% for the same area and performance (and area reduction by about 8.4% under a yield constraint) over a balanced design.
Designer Self‐Assembling Peptide Scaffolds for 3‐D Tissue Cell Cultures and Regenerative Medicine (2007)

Biomaterial science has made enormous progress in the last few decades. Nonetheless, innovative biomaterials are still urgently needed to provide in vitro cell-culture models that more closely resemble three-dimensional (3-D) cell interactions and cyto-architectures in bodies and tissues. In this review, the recent advances toward this goal through molecular engineering of various designer self-assembling peptide scaffolds are discussed. These peptide scaffolds can be commercially and custom-tailor synthesized materials with high purity and may be not only useful for specific 3-D tissue cell cultures but also for tissue repair and regenerative therapies. Furthermore, these designer self-assembling peptide scaffolds have recently become powerful tools for regenerative medicine to repair nervous tissue, to stop bleeding in seconds, to repair infarctuated myocardia, as well as being useful medical devices for slow drug release.
Control of angiogenesis by inhibitor of phospholipase A2. (2004)

The results support the involvement of sPLA2 in angiogenesis. It is proposed that sPLA2 inhibitor introduces a novel approach in the control of cancer development.
Operation of an LHP with Multiple Heat Sources (2001)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Loop Heat Pipes (LHP) are widely used in space applications: deployable radiators, instrument cooling and precise temperature control. These applications are utilizing classical LHP designs with single evaporator and single condenser. Traditionally, the LHP is considered as an ideal solution for heat sources with concentrated power. The rule of thumb for a thermal control system based on the LHP is one heat source – one evaporator. It has been demonstrated several times that LHPs with dual evaporators are feasible, however, the volume of the compensation chamber grows dramatically with the number of evaporators. Therefore, LHPs with more than three evaporators are not practical. These restrictions restrict the area of LHP applications.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The LHP evaporator generates vapor, which travels through the vapor line toward the condenser. In principle, this vapor could be used to absorb some additional power from heat sources other than the heat source feeding the evaporator. But single-phase heat exchange between these secondary heat sources and the vapor is not very effective. However, if the vapor would be condensed prior to entering the secondary heat source, this condensed vapor with a quality close to zero would absorb significant amounts of heat from the secondary source. Ineffective single-phase heat exchange would be substituted by highly effective two-phase heat exchange. The chain of the secondary condensers and heat sources can be as long as the capillary pressure of the primary wick will permit. Its capillary pressure must support the additional hydraulic losses in the secondary condensers and heat sources. The evaporator of the driving pump must be connected to the heat source with the highest power. A system of this type was successfully tested, demonstrating reliable operation over a wide range of powers and temperatures. The paper is describes the test article and discusses the test results.&lt;/div&gt;
Theory of the structural phase transition in SrTiO3 (1995)

Abstract Phase transition of SrTiO3 is discussed by taking account of the interionic forces, namely, Coulomb, van der Waals' and overlap interactions among the constituent ions. It is concluded that the structural phase transition in SrTiO3 can be explained by considering the dipole interaction among the ions accompanied by the spontaneous lattice deformation and also the TiO6 rotation. The specific behavior of a, b and c axes at low temperature below Tc is also explained by giving consideration of the lattice deformation due to thermal contraction.
Alkaline phosphatase relieves desensitization of adenylate cyclase-coupled β-adrenergic receptors in avian erythrocyte membranes (1988)

Desensitization of adenylate cyclase-coupled beta-adrenergic receptors in avian erythrocytes results in a 40-65% decrease in agonist-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity and correlates with increased phosphorylation of beta-adrenergic receptors. To assess the role of phosphorylation in desensitization, membranes from isoprenaline- and dibutyryl cyclic AMP-desensitized turkey erythrocytes were incubated with alkaline phosphatase for 30 min at 37 degrees C, pH 8.0. In both preparations alkaline phosphatase treatment significantly decreased desensitization of agonist-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity by 40-75% (P less than 0.05). Similar results were obtained after alkaline phosphatase treatment of membranes from isoprenaline- and dibutyryl cyclic AMP-desensitized duck erythrocytes. Moreover, alkaline phosphatase treatment of membranes from duck erythrocytes desensitized with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate returned agonist-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity to near control values. In all experiments, inclusion of 20 mM-sodium phosphate to inhibit alkaline phosphatase during treatment of membranes attenuated the enzyme's effect on agonist-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity. In addition, alkaline phosphatase treatment of membranes from control and isoprenaline-desensitized turkey erythrocytes increased the mobility of beta-adrenergic-receptor proteins, specifically photoaffinity-labelled with [125I]iodocyanopindolol-diazirine, on SDS/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. The increased mobility of the beta-adrenergic-receptor proteins after alkaline phosphatase treatment of membranes was again inhibited by 20 mM-phosphate. These results provide additional evidence for a direct role for phosphorylation in desensitization of adenylate cyclase-coupled beta-adrenergic receptors in avian erythrocytes.
Optimised bi-resonant nanostructured diode for infrared photodetection through non degenerate two-photon absorption (2020)

Two-photon absorption (TPA) is a third order non-linear process that relies on the quasi-simultaneous absorption of two photons. Therefore, it has been proved to be an interesting tool to measure ultra-fast correlations<sup>1</sup> or to design all-optical switches.<sup>2</sup> Yet, due to the intrinsically low efficiency of the non-linear processes, these applications rest upon high peak power light sources such as femtosecond and picosecond pulsed laser. However TPA has also been noticed as an appealing new scheme for quantum infrared detection.<sup>3, 4</sup> Indeed, typical quantum detection of IR radiation is based on small gap semiconductors that need to be cooled down to cryogenic temperature to achieve sufficient detectivity. TPA enables the absorption of IR photons by wide gap semiconductors when pump photons are provided to complete optical transitions across the gap. Still, the low efficiency of TPA represents a difficulty to detect usual infrared photon fluxes. To tackle this issue, we combined three strategies to improve the detection efficiency. First, it has been proved theoretically and experimentally that using different pump and signal photon energies, which is known as non degenerate TPA (NDTPA), help increasing the TPA efficiency by several orders of magnitude.<sup>5</sup> Secondly, it is well known that TPA has a quadratic dependence with the signal electric fields modulus, so we designed a specific nanostructure to enhance the signal field inside the active medium of the detector. Finally, since TPA is a local quasi-instantaneous process, both pump and signal photons must be temporarily and spatially co-localized inside the active medium. We made sure to maximize the overlap of the fields inside our device. In this proceeding, we report the concepts of nanostructures and how it influences TPA absorption in a PIN photodiode. Experimental data point out that infrared photons were detected inside our first generation of diodes. However some issues are still to deal with to reach infrared detection with low fluxes thermal sources. The SNR (signal to noise ratio) can be widely improved by reaching higher values of NDTPA photocurrent and limiting the sub-gap absorptions mainly responsible for the structure noise. Consequently a second generation of nanostructured photodiodes has been designed to perform better detection.
Growth and characterization of thin Si80C20 films based upon Si4C building blocks (1998)

The growth of thin Si80C20 diamond-structured material on (100)Si has been achieved using the novel C–H free, carbon source tetrasilyl methane, C(SiH3)4. The precursor decomposes at temperatures in the range 600–700 °C to give thin amorphous layers with a composition of Si0.80C0.20, which corresponds to the same relative concentrations of Si and C as in the precursor. The amorphous material is crystallized via solid-phase epitaxy by annealing at 825 °C to yield a potentially ordered structure in which Si4C tetrahedra are linked together in a three-dimensional diamond-cubic framework. Measured lattice parameters are larger than expected from Vegards’ Law, a discrepancy which is attributed to steric repulsions causing bond elongation.
UV-induced SiC nanowire sensors (2015)

Ultraviolet (UV)-induced sensors based on a single SiC nanowire (NW) were fabricated and the photoelectric properties including I–V characteristics and time response of the UV sensors were studied. SiC NWs (NWs) were prepared through pyrolyzing a polymer precursor with ferrocene as the catalyst by a CVD route. To elucidate the physical mechanism giving rise to the photoelectrical response in SiC NW sensors, three kinds of contacts between electrodes and SiC NW were prepared, i.e. Schottky contact, p–n junction contact, and Ohmic contact. The photoelectric measurements of the device with Schottky contact indicates the lowest dark current and the largest photocurrent. The results suggest that photocurrent generated at SiC NW-electrode contacts is a result of the photovoltaic effect, in which a built-in electric field accelerates photo generated charge carriers to the electronic contacts. The UV sensors based on SiC NWs could be applied in a harsh environment due to the excellent physical stability and photoelectric properties.
Abstract 642: CSF-1R+ macrophages control the gut microbiome-enhanced liver NKT function through IL-18 (2023)

Abstract The gut microbiome is an important modulator of the host immune system. Here, we found that altering the gut microbiome by oral vancomycin increases liver NKT cell function. Enhanced NKT cytokine production and activation marker expression were observed in vancomycin-treated mice following both antigen-specific and antigen-independent in vivo NKT stimulations, with a more prominent effect in liver as compared to the spleen. Fecal transplantation studies demonstrated that the NKT functional regulation is mediated by altering the gut microbiome but uncoupled from the modulation of NKT cell population size. Interestingly, when stimulated in vitro, NKT cells from vancomycin-treated mice did not show increased activation, suggesting an indirect regulation. NKT cells expressed high levels of IL-18 receptor, and vancomycin increased the expression of IL-18 in the liver. Blocking IL-18 by neutralizing antibody or using genetically deficient mice attenuated the enhanced NKT activation. Liver macrophages were identified as a major source of IL-18. General macrophage depletion by clodronate abolished this NKT activation. Using anti-CSF-1R depletion or LyzCrexCSF-1RLsL-DTRmice identified CSF-1R+ macrophages as a critical modulator of NKT function. Together, our results demonstrate that the gut microbiome controls liver NKT function via regulating CSF-1R+ macrophages to produce IL-18. Citation Format: Chi Ma, Justin McCallen, John C. McVey, Qianfei Zhang, Benjamin Ruf, Kylynda Bauer, Sophie Wang, Chunwei Walter Lai, Giorgio Trinchieri, Jay A. Berzofsky, Firouzeh Korangy, Tim F. Greten. CSF-1R+ macrophages control the gut microbiome-enhanced liver NKT function through IL-18 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 642.
Optimizing diffusion-driven flow in a fissure (2005)

Diffusion-driven flow arises when a stably stratified fluid is bounded by an inclined wall. For a stratified fluid in an inclined fissure, in which fluid is confined to a gap between two inclined parallel walls, the flow field is determined by the gap width and the angle of inclination. When the gap width is much wider than the buoyancy layer thickness, the problem reduces to that of a semi-infinite fluid. As the gap width decreases, interaction between the boundary layer flows on the upper and lower walls increasingly influences the velocity profile, affecting transport within the fissure. We have obtained supporting experimental results that show these trends, demonstrating the existence of optimum conditions for dye transport.