gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dendrimers and supramolecular chemistry (2002)

Since their introduction in 1985 by Tomalia et al. (1) and Newkome et al. (2), dendrimers have attracted much attention because of their fascinating structure and unique properties (3, 4). Dendrimers are globular, size monodisperse macromolecules in which all bonds emerge radially from a central focal point or core with a regular branching pattern and with repeat units that each contribute a branch point. Not all regularly branched molecules are dendrimers because properties of the dendritic state (4), such as core encapsulation (5, 6) and unusually low intrinsic viscosity in solution (7), are reached only when globularity is achieved at a certain generation or size threshold. Therefore, many low-generation dendrons or the early cascade molecules of Vogtle and coworkers (8) are too small to exhibit the properties of dendrimers, but they are frequently used as branched oligomeric building blocks in their construction, and have a size relationship to dendrimers somewhat akin to that between oligomers and polymers.
Novel fiber optic gyroscope using polarization analysis for rotation rate extraction (Conference Presentation) (2020)

A new mechanism for extracting rotation rate information by analyzing the polarization of light exiting from a Sagnac loop is reported. Unlike in an interferometric fiber optic gyroscope (I-FOG), here the counter-propagating waves in the Sagnac loop are orthogonally polarized at the loop exit and cannot directly interfere with each other. We show the phase difference between the counter propagation waves can be obtained by the Stokes parameters s2 and s3 of the combined waves. We build such a proof-of-concept polarimetry FOG and achieved key performance parameters comparable to those of a high-end tactical-grade gyroscope. In particular, the device shows a bias instability of 0.09°/h and an angular random walk of 0.0015°/√h, with an unlimited dynamic range. This new approach eliminates the need for phase modulation required in I-FOGs, enabling the development of low-cost FOGs for price-sensitive applications, such as autonomous and robotic vehicles.
Comparison of Three Acellular Tests for Assessing the Oxidation Potential of Nanomaterials (2012)

Great effort is put into developing reliable, predictive, high-throughput, and low-cost screening approaches for the toxicity evaluation of ambient and manufactured nanoparticles (NP). These tests often consider oxidative reactivity, as oxidative stress is a well-documented pathway in particle toxicology. Based on a panel of six carbonaceous and five metal/metal oxide (Me/MeOx) nanoparticles, we: (i) compared the specifications (linearity, detection limits, repeatability) of three acellular reactivity tests using either dithiothreitol (DTT assay), dichlorofluorescein (DCFH assay), or ascorbic acid (AA-assay) as the reducing agent; and (ii) evaluated which physicochemical properties were important for explaining the observed reactivity. The selected AA assay was found to be neither sensitive nor robust enough to be retained. For the other tests, the surface properties of carbonaceous NP were of utmost importance for explaining their reactivity. In particular, the presence of "strongly reducing" surface functions explained most of its DCFH reactivity and a large part of its DTT reactivity. For the selected Me/MeOx, a different picture emerged. Whereas all particles were able to oxidize DCFH, dissolution and complexation processes could additionally influence the measured reactivity, as observed using the DTT assay. This study suggests that a combination of the DTT and DCFH assays provides complementary information relative to the quantification of the oxidative capacity of NP.
Nulling Interferometry: Working on the Dark Fringe (1999)

Deep nulling of both laser and thermal radiation has been demonstrated in the laboratory at visible wavelengths, by means of a rotational shearing interferometer (RSI) coupled to single-mode input and output fibers.
Mouse astrocytes respond to the chemokines MCP-1 and KC, but reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction does not detect mRNA for the KC or new MCP-1 receptor (1996)

Previous studies demonstrated the involvement of astrocytes in the development of astrogliosis, a condition in which these cells undergo proliferation and hypertrophy. To examine whether astrocytes could migrate into lesions, we tested the influence of the murine chemokines MCP-1, KC, TCA3, and MIP-1 beta on migration of cultured neonatal mouse astrocytes. Subnanomolar concentrations of MCP-1 and KC were active chemoattractants indicating that these molecules were effective at physiologic concentrations. Specificity of MCP-1 was demonstrated by antibody inhibition and by the finding that the chemokine MIP-1 beta failed to induce astrocyte migration. The migratory responses were sensitive to pertussis toxin; this finding is consistent with involvement of G protein-coupled receptors. To examine the receptors for these chemokines further, we cloned the mouse homolog of the human MCP-1 receptor from a mouse peritoneal exudate cell cDNA library. The gene had 78% nucleotide sequence homology with the human MCP-1 receptor (the nucleotide sequence of clone 1 encoding the mouse MCP-1 receptor can be obtained from the GenBank database, accession number U56819). However, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) failed to detect message for either the MCP-1 or KC receptors in astrocytes. The combined data suggest that mouse astrocytes use novel receptors to recognize these chemokines.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of Unsaturated Branched‐Chain Sugars in Aqueous Media by Heck‐Type Reaction. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Performance Characteristics of a Clinical Decision Support Tool for Disease Complications in Crohn’s Disease (2021)

CDPATH is validated as a clinical decision support tool for assessing the risk of CD complications.
Gamma-glutamyl transferase and cardiovascular risk in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: The Gut and Obesity Asia initiative (2020)

The CVD risk of NAFLD patients is higher than that of healthy individuals. Baseline GGT level cannot predict CVD risk in NAFLD patients. However, advanced fibrosis is a predictor of a high CVD risk.
Hypoxia can suppress T cell activation in a mechanism independent of A2A adenosine receptor (46.27) (2012)

Abstract Tissue hypoxia plays a key role in the establishment of immunosuppressive environment in vivo, most notably in tumors. Hypoxia promotes local increase of extracellular adenosine, and interaction of adenosine with A2A adenosine receptor (A2AR) strongly inhibits immune activation. The adenosine-A2AR pathway may represent a mechanism of the physiological immunoregulation initiated by hypoxia. However, in this study, we found that hypoxia can also exert its T cell inhibitory effects even in the absence of A2AR. When mouse T cells were activated by anti-CD3 mAb, hypoxia (1% oxygen) strongly impaired T cell activation. Hypoxia showed the same degree of inhibition against wild-type and A2AR-deficient T cells suggesting that hypoxia could inhibit T cells in an A2AR-independent mechanism. In comparison to A2AR stimulation, this A2AR-independent pathway strongly inhibited cell proliferation and cytotoxicity, while IFN-γ-producing activity was more susceptible to A2AR stimulation. In contrast to sustained functional impairment in T cells after A2AR stimulation, T cells activated under hypoxia immediately recovered from the immunosuppressed state and produced high levels of IFN-γ upon restimulation. Although previous in vivo studies have shown the A2AR-dependent immunosuppression by hypoxia, the current study suggests the involvement of multiple different mechanisms in T cell inhibition by hypoxia.
Opportunities for Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces in 6G-Empowered V2X Communications (2022)

This paper first describes the introduction of 6G-empowered V2X communications and IRS technology. Then it discusses different use case scenarios of IRS enabled V2X communications and reports recent advances in the existing literature. Next, we focus our attention on the scenario of vehicular edge computing involving IRS enabled drone communications in order to reduce vehicle computational time via optimal computational and communication resource allocation. At the end, this paper highlights current challenges and discusses future perspectives of IRS enabled V2X communications in order to improve current work and spark new ideas.
Investigation of Reductive Dechlorination Supported by Natural Organic Carbon (2007)

Abstract Because remediation timeframes using monitored natural attenuation may span decades or even centuries at chlorinated solvent sites, new approaches are needed to assess the long‐term sustainability of reductive dechlorination in ground water systems. In this study, extraction procedures were used to investigate the mass of indigenous organic carbon in aquifer sediment, and experiments were conducted to determine if the extracted carbon could support reductive dechlorination of chloroethenes. Aquifer sediment cores were collected from a site without an anthropogenic source of organic carbon where organic carbon varied from 0.02% to 0.12%. Single extraction results showed that 1% to 28% of sediment‐associated organic carbon and 2% to 36% of the soft carbon were removed depending on nature and concentration of the extracting solution (Nanopure water; 0.1%, 0.5%, and 1.0% sodium pyrophosphate; and 0.5 N sodium hydroxide). Soft carbon is defined as organic carbon oxidized with potassium persulfate and is assumed to serve as a source of biodegradable carbon within the aquifer. Biodegradability studies demonstrated that 20% to 40% of extracted organic carbon was biodegraded aerobically and anaerobically by soil microorganisms in relatively brief tests (45 d). A five‐step extraction procedure consisting of 0.1% pyrophosphate and base solutions was investigated to quantify bioavailable organic carbon. Using the extracted carbon as the sole electron donor source, tetrachloroethene was transformed to cis ‐1,2‐dichloroethene and vinyl chloride in anaerobic enrichment culture experiments. Hydrogen gas was produced at levels necessary to sustain reductive dechlorination (&gt;1 nM).
Blood Pressure Control by a Secreted FGFBP1 (Fibroblast Growth Factor–Binding Protein) (2017)

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) participate in organ development and tissue maintenance, as well as the control of vascular function. The paracrine-acting FGFs are stored in the extracellular matrix, and their release is controlled by a secreted FGF-binding protein (FGF-BP, FGFBP1, and BP1) that modulates FGF receptor signaling. A genetic polymorphism in the human <i>FGFBP1</i> gene was associated with higher gene expression and an increased risk of familial hypertension. Here, we report on the effects of inducible BP1 expression in a transgenic mouse model. Induction of BP1 expression in adult animals leads to a sustained rise in mean arterial pressure by >30 mm Hg. The hypertensive effect of BP1 expression is prevented by candesartan, an angiotensin II (AngII) receptor antagonist, or by tempol, an inhibitor of reactive oxygen species. In vivo, BP1 expression sensitizes peripheral resistance vessels to AngII constriction by 20-fold but does not alter adrenergic vasoconstriction. FGF receptor kinase inhibition reverses the sensitization to AngII. Also, constriction of isolated renal afferent arterioles by AngII is enhanced after BP1 expression and blocked by FGF receptor kinase inhibition. Furthermore, AngII-mediated constriction of renal afferent arterioles is abolished in FGF2<sup>-/-</sup> mice but can be restored by add-back of FGF2 plus BP1 proteins. In contrast to AngII, adrenergic constriction is not affected in the FGF2<sup>-/-</sup> model. Proteomics and gene expression analysis of kidney tissues after BP1 induction show that MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) signaling via MKK4 (MAPK kinase 4), p38, and JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) integrates the crosstalk of the FGF receptor and AngII pathways and thus impact vascular tone and blood pressure.
ChemInform Abstract: Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Agonists: A Milestone for Modern Crop Protection (2013)

Abstract Review: 99 refs.
Structure and Rheology of a Self-Standing Nanoemulsion (2009)

A stable nanoemulsion consisting of nanometer-sized oil droplets in water having a self-standing capability was prepared by high-pressure emulsification. The nanoemulsion does not flow and has a yield stress. This nonfluidity is ascribed to the crystal-like lattice structure of nanodroplets. The lattice structure was observed by transmission electron microscopy of a freeze-fractured surface of the specimen. Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) revealed the presence of an ordered structure in addition to spherical domains with a radius of 17 nm. This long-range order is, in principle, due to electrostatic repulsive interaction between charged nanodroplets. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) showed two relaxation modes, one for the collective motion of the lattice and the other for the translational diffusion of the nanodroplets. Dilution of the nanoemulsion resulted in a transition from a crystal-like structure to a typical colloidal solution.
Optimal Resilience Wait-Free Storage from Byzantine Components: Inherent Costs and Solutions (2004)

This position paper describes the results of our on-going investigation into the possibility and cost of building a survivable store. It considers optimal resilience systems comprising of 3t+1 base storage units, t of which may fail by becoming non-responsive or arbitrarily corrupted. Our contribution includes both algorithms and lower bounds in this model. We illuminate an inherent diculty of achieving optimal resilience in the form of two lower bounds, on read and on write complexities. We also provide the rst optimal-resilience wait-free algorithms that match these bounds in performance. Finally, we suggest some directions for future research.
Immunoglobulin-binding Sites of Human FcαRI (CD89) and Bovine Fcγ2R Are Located in their Membrane-distal Extracellular Domains (1999)

To localize the immunoglobulin (Ig)-binding regions of the human Fcalpha receptor (FcalphaRI, CD89) and the bovine Fcgamma2 receptor (bFcgamma2R), chimeric receptors were generated by exchanging comparable regions between these two proteins. FcalphaRI and bFcgamma2R are highly homologous and are more closely related to each other than to other human and bovine FcRs. Nevertheless, they are functionally distinct in that FcalphaRI binds human IgA (hIgA) but not bovine IgG2 (bIgG2), whereas bFcgamma2R binds bIgG2 but not hIgA. FcalphaRI and bFcgamma2R possess extracellular regions consisting of two Ig-like domains, a membrane-distal extracellular domain (EC1), a membrane-proximal EC domain (EC2), a transmembrane region, and a short cytoplasmic tail. Chimeras constructed by exchanging complete domains between these two receptors were transfected to COS-1 cells and assayed for their ability to bind hIgA- or bIgG2-coated beads. The results showed that the Ig-binding site of both FcalphaRI and bFcgamma2R is located within EC1. Supporting this observation, monoclonal antibodies that blocked IgA binding to FcalphaRI were found to recognize epitopes located in this domain. In terms of FcR-Ig interactions characterized thus far, this location is unique and surprising because it has been shown previously that leukocyte FcgammaRs and FcepsilonRI bind Ig via sites principally located in their EC2 domains.
Validation and improvement of a multiplex PCR method to detect murine Helicobacter species in feces samples of mice (2022)

The multiplex PCR is a reliable, economic, and time-saving diagnostic tool for routine health monitoring. Further prevalence studies are needed to confirm the high prevalence and hence importance of H. rodentium, as until now this agent is not yet listed in FELASA recommendations.
Data from Essential Role of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1A3 for the Maintenance of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Stem Cells Is Associated with the STAT3 Pathway (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Lung cancer stem cells (CSC) with elevated aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity are self-renewing, clonogenic, and tumorigenic. The purpose of our study is to elucidate the mechanisms by which lung CSCs are regulated.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; A genome-wide gene expression analysis was performed to identify genes differentially expressed in the ALDH&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; versus ALDH&lt;b&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/b&gt; cells. RT-PCR, Western blot analysis, and Aldefluor assay were used to validate identified genes. To explore the function in CSCs, we manipulated their expression followed by colony and tumor formation assays.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; We identified a subset of genes that were differentially expressed in common in ALDH&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; cells, among which ALDH1A3 was the most upregulated gene in ALDH&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; versus ALDH&lt;b&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/b&gt; cells. shRNA-mediated knockdown of ALDH1A3 in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) resulted in a dramatic reduction in ALDH activity, clonogenicity, and tumorigenicity, indicating that ALDH1A3 is required for tumorigenic properties. In contrast, overexpression of ALDH1A3 by itself it was not sufficient to increase tumorigenicity. The ALDH&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; cells also expressed more activated STAT3 than ALDH&lt;b&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/b&gt; cells. Inhibition of STAT3 or its activator EZH2 genetically or pharmacologically diminished the level of ALDH&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; cells and clonogenicity. Unexpectedly, ALDH1A3 was highly expressed in female, never smokers, well-differentiated tumors, or adenocarcinoma. ALDH1A3 low expression was associated with poor overall survival.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Our data show that ALDH1A3 is the predominant ALDH isozyme responsible for ALDH activity and tumorigenicity in most NSCLCs, and that inhibiting either ALDH1A3 or the STAT3 pathway are potential therapeutic strategies to eliminate the ALDH&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; subpopulation in NSCLCs. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 20(15); 4154–66. ©2014 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Induction of apoptotic cell death by mycelium extracts of Phellinus linteus in human neuroblastoma cells (2004)

Phellinus linteus is a well-known Oriental medicinal fungus that has various biological activities, including immunomodulatory and anti-tumor activities, the mechanisms of which are poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated the effects of mycelium extracts of P. linteus (MEPL) on the growth of human neuroblastoma SK-N-MC cells. Upon treatment with MEPL, a concentration-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation was observed and cells developed many of the hallmark features of apoptosis, including condensation of chromatin and an increase in the sub-G1 population. The anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects of MEPL were associated with a marked induction of the Bax and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21. Western blotting and in vitro caspase-3 activity assay demonstrated that the processing/activation of caspases accompanies the generation of MEPL-mediating apoptotic cell death. In addition, the proteolytic cleavage of specific target proteins such as poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and beta-catenin were observed. Taken together, the present results suggest that apoptotic signals evoked by MEPL in human neuroblastoma SK-N-MC cells may converge caspase-3 activation through an up-regulation of Bax rather than a down-regulation of Bcl-2.
Service-Oriented Medical Device Connectivity: Particular Standards for Endoscopic Surgery (2020)

To translate recent advances in medical device interoperability research into clinical practice, standards are being developed that specify precise requirements towards the network representation of particular medical devices connecting through ISO/IEEE 11073 SDC. The present contribution supplements this protocol standard with specific models for endoscopic camera systems, light sources, insufflators, and pumps. Through industry consensus, these new standards provide modular means to describe the devices' capabilities and modes of interaction in a service-oriented medical device communication architecture. This enables seamless data exchange and the potential for new assistive systems to support the caregiver.
System Design for Embedded Automotive Systems (2010)

These days, a modern car will be a complete office, lounge and chauffeur system, composed from different systems, that incorporate themselves into an on board automotive cluster system. This will behave like one component and offer a customized user interface. To facilitate the system development of such a cluster system, different system interfaces like memory and inter process communication mechanisms need to be provided through all the cooperating systems. Embedded systems are now facing the same problems, which occurred years ago in the server world. One of the major automotive original equipment manufacturers chose Intel’s Atom CPU as the target platform for their latest development. This step shows that a modern x86 based architecture could provide the basis for a reliable automotive system. There is now an opportunity to introduce virtual machine (VM) technology combined with new security and reliability methods in the embedded automotive sector.
Breathable, Stimuli-Responsive, and Self-Sealing Chemical Barrier Material Based on Selectively Superabsorbing Polymer (2020)

The occasional use of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) by rogue states in current conflicts provides a reminder that these hazards are a real threat. Although hazmat suits made of fully impermeable barrier materials provide an effective means of protecting against CWAs, they also inhibit evaporative cooling which can cause rapid hyperthermia. This conundrum has motivated a search for novel materials that allow water vapor but not CWA permeation. Here we show that, at least for aerosolized CWA, this can also be achieved using a highly breathable composite fabric that self-seals only when exposed to target chemicals. Our approach is based on the use of selectively superabsorbing polymer (SAP) microbeads that are dispersed on a highly breathable fabric. Many CWAs, especially nerve and blistering agents, have low vapor pressure and can only be dispersed as a “fog” from aerosolization. We show that upon contact with an example organic aerosol (o-xylene) the proposed SAP microbeads dispersed on a nylon mesh swell highly, seal pores, and inhibit passage of the microdroplets. In contrast, in normal conditions the SAP microbeads do not absorb or swell upon contact with water and provide over 10 kg m–2 day–1 water permeation rate that is comparable to a cotton shirt.