gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Unsupervised Noise Adaptive Speech Enhancement by Discriminator-Constrained Optimal Transport (2021)

This paper presents a novel discriminator-constrained optimal transport network (DOTN) that performs unsupervised domain adaptation for speech enhancement (SE), which is an essential regression task in speech processing. The DOTN aims to estimate clean references of noisy speech in a target domain, by exploiting the knowledge available from the source domain. The domain shift between training and testing data has been reported to be an obstacle to learning problems in diverse fields. Although rich literature exists on unsupervised domain adaptation for classification, the methods proposed, especially in regressions, remain scarce and often depend on additional information regarding the input data. The proposed DOTN approach tactically fuses the optimal transport (OT) theory from mathematical analysis with generative adversarial frameworks, to help evaluate continuous labels in the target domain. The experimental results on two SE tasks demonstrate that by extending the classical OT formulation, our proposed DOTN outperforms previous adversarial domain adaptation frameworks in a purely unsupervised manner.
DICTIONARY OF THE ECONOMIC PRODUCTS OF INDIA pages 416 to 687 (2014)

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Self-Consistency and Consistency-Based Detection and Diagnosis of Malicious Circuitry (2013)

Hardware Trojans (HTs) have become a major concern in the modern integrated circuit (IC) industry, especially with the fast growth in IC outsourcing. HT detection and diagnosis are challenging due to the huge number of gates in modern IC designs and the high cost of testing. We propose a scalable and efficient HT detection and diagnosis scheme based on segmentation and consistency analysis of gate-level properties. In addition, we employ a self-consistency-based approach, where we conduct variable elimination and create subsegments from a fixed set of power measurements of the entire IC to minimize the number of power measurements. We evaluate our HT detection and diagnosis schemes on a set of ISCAS and ITC benchmarks.
Reducing Bluetooth Interference with Diversity Techniques in IEEE 802.11b Networks (2002)

Lately different kinds of wireless networks have become more frequently used. If they occupy the same frequency band they are likely to interfere with each other. In this paper, we examine how spatial diversity can be exploited to suppress Bluetooth interference on a IEEE 802.11b network. Two dual antenna receivers, the maximum ratio combining (MRC) and the interference rejection combining (IRC) methods, have been evaluated and compared to the ordinary single antenna receiver. Simulation results show that adding spatial diversity yields a signicant reduction in biterror rate (BER) and as a consequence the throughput is increased, especially for larger fragment sizes.
The frequency of B cells secreting antibodies against donor MHC antigens in rats rejecting renal allografts (1990)

We have estimated the frequency of B cells secreting antibodies against donor MHC antigens in rats rejecting histoincompatible renal allografts. In a major plus minor antigen-incompatible DA-to-WF combination on day 4 post-transplantation, reverse protein A plaque assay demonstrated that in the graft the frequency of lymphoid cells secreting Ig was 1:850. A major locus-incompatible and minor locus-compatible, congeneic LBN-to-Lewis strain combination was then applied to estimate the specificity of the secreted antibody. The lymphoid inflammatory cells were fused with mouse myeloma cells, cultured under limiting dilution conditions, and assayed by ELISA to donor and irrelevant strain spleen cells. Among cells infiltrating the graft, the fusion frequency was 1:172 x 10(3) and the frequency of Ig-producing hybrids 1:400 x 10(3) (i.e., this assay was approximately three log orders less sensitive than the reverse pA assay). The frequency of hybridomas secreting specifics antibodies against donor MHC antigens was 1:720 x 10(3) (i.e., every second hybridoma deriving from inflammatory population produced specific Ig). In addition, there was at least one obviously polyspecific population of hybridomas, detectable only in the spleen and reactive with all rat strains tested with a frequency of 1:700 x 10(3). The inflammatory cells were also cultured directly under limiting dilution conditions, and the frequency of Ig-secreting cells was determined by ELISA. The frequency of inflammatory lymphocytes secreting detectable amounts of immunoglobulin in the supernatant was 1:14 x 10(3) in the graft (i.e., this assay was approximately one log order less sensitive than the reverse protein A plaque assay).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Real-time velocity estimation based on optical flow and disparity matching (2012)

A high update rate of metric velocity values is crucial for a robust operation of navigation control loops of mobile robots such as micro aerial vehicles (MAVs). An efficient way for obtaining metric velocity of robots without external reference are image-based optical flow measurements, scaled with the distance between camera and the observed scene. However, since optical flow and stereo vision are computationally intensive tasks, metric optical flow calculations on embedded systems are typically only possible at limited frame rate. In this work, we therefore present an FPGA-based platform with the capability of calculating real-time metric optical flow at 127 frames per second and 376×240 resolution. Radial undistortion, image rectification, disparity estimation and optical flow calculation tasks are performed on a single FPGA without the need for external memory. The platform is perfectly suited for mobile robots or MAVs due to its low weight and low power consumption.
Double-diffusive natural convection in a porous medium under constant heat and mass fluxes (1999)

Double-diffusive natural convection in a rectangular fluid-saturated porous medium has been studied analytically and numerically. The analysis reveals that there is a range of buoyancy ratios N in which one obtains two types of solutions or oscillating convection. In the case of 0.4 < N < 1.0, there exist two analytical solutions when Rc = 100 and Le = 30. In that case, two solutions, temperature-dominated and concentration-dominated solutions, are calculated when the aspect ratio is small. It is found that the oscillation is due to a temporal formation of a two-roll flow pattern in the cavity when the aspect ratio is sufficiently large. The oscillation of time-dependent Nusselt number and flow patterns are shown. © 1999 Scripta Technica, Heat Trans Asian Res, 28(4): 255–265, 1999
Impacts of electronic publication (2009)

The <i>Journal of Micro/Nanopatterning, Materials, and Metrology</i> (JM3) publishes peer-reviewed papers on the core enabling technologies that address the patterning needs of the electronics industry.
Pharmacological Validation of Trypanosoma brucei Phosphodiesterases as Novel Drug Targets (2012)

The development of drugs for neglected infectious diseases often uses parasite-specific enzymes as targets. We here demonstrate that parasite enzymes with highly conserved human homologs may represent a promising reservoir of new potential drug targets. The cyclic nucleotide-specific phosphodiesterases (PDEs) of Trypanosoma brucei, causative agent of the fatal human sleeping sickness, are essential for the parasite. The highly conserved human homologs are well-established drug targets. We here describe what is to our knowledge the first pharmacological validation of trypanosomal PDEs as drug targets. High-throughput screening of a proprietary compound library identified a number of potent hits. One compound, the tetrahydrophthalazinone compound A (Cpd A), was further characterized. It causes a dramatic increase of intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Short-term cell viability is not affected, but cell proliferation is inhibited immediately, and cell death occurs within 3 days. Cpd A prevents cytokinesis, resulting in multinucleated, multiflagellated cells that eventually lyse. These observations pharmacologically validate the highly conserved trypanosomal PDEs as potential drug targets.
Lien entre la toxicité, la contamination des milieux aquatiques mesurés chez Gammarus fossarum et la perturbation des communautés biologiques: Calibration des marqueurs de toxicité chez le gammare encagé à l’aide de la bio-indication (2019)

Active biomonitoring using caged gammarids is now recognized as a relevant tool for chemical and ecotoxicological survey of aquatic systems. The aim of this study is to establish relationships between toxicity data, obtained from biomarkers measurement for example, and ecological data such as population abundances. For this, a field study was performed on more than 60 sites from the national network, in order to acquire toxicity data (survival, acetylcholinesterase activity and feeding rate). Few impacts were observed for survival rate and acetylcholinesterase activity, and consequently no relationship with ecological data could be established. Conversely, strong effects were observed with feeding rate measurement. In this context, relationship between percentages of feeding inhibition and population abundances of the 6 studied families was established. The present study show that a feeding rate level could be defined and proposed, below which an impact on native populations should be expected.
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ Ligands Improve the Antitumor Efficacy of Thrombospondin Peptide ABT510 (2004)

Abstract An expanding capillary network is critical for several pathologic conditions. In cancer, the decrease of antiangiogenic thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) often enables an angiogenic switch, which can be reversed with exogenous TSP1 or its peptide derivative ABT510. TSP1 acts by inducing endothelial cell apoptosis via signaling cascade initiated at CD36, a TSP1 antiangiogenic receptor. Here, we show that the ligands of nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2, troglitazone, and rosiglitazone increased PPARγ and CD36 expression in endothelial cells and improved the efficacy of TSP1 and ABT510 in a CD36-dependent manner. The ABT510 and PPARγ ligands cooperatively blocked angiogenic endothelial functions in vitro and neovascularization in vivo. In tumor xenografts, 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 and troglitazone synergistically improved antiangiogenic and antitumor effects of ABT510. Our data provide one mechanism for the in vivo angioinhibitory effect of PPARγ ligands and show fine-tuning of the antiangiogenic efficacy via targeted up-regulation of the endothelial receptor.
Fast Thresholded SC-Flip Decoding of Polar Codes (2020)

SC-Flip (SCF) decoding algorithm shares the attention with the common polar code decoding approaches due to its low-complexity and improved error-correction performance. However, the inefficient criterion for locating the correct bit-flipping position in SCF decoding limits its improvements. Due to its improved bit-flipping criterion, Thresholded SCF (TSCF) decoding algorithm exhibits a superior error-correction performance and lower computational complexity than SCF decoding. However, the parameters of TSCF decoding depend on multiple channel and code parameters, and are obtained via Monte-Carlo simulations. Our main goal is to realize TSCF decoding as a practical polar decoder implementation. To this end, we first realize an approximated threshold value that is independent of the code parameters and precomputations. The proposed approximation has negligible error-correction performance degradation on the TSCF decoding. Then, we validate an alternative approach for forming a critical set that does not require precomputations, which also paves the way to the implementation of the Fast-TSCF decoder. Compared to the existing fast SCF implementations, the proposed Fast-TSCF decoder has $0.24$ to $0.41$ dB performance gain at frame error rate of $10^{-3}$, without any extra cost. Compared to the TSCF decoding, Fast-TSCF does not depend on precomputations and requires $87\%$ fewer decoding steps. Finally, implementation results in TSMC 65nm CMOS technology show that the Fast-TSCF decoder is $20\%$ and $82\%$ more area-efficient than the state-of-the-art fast SCF and fast SC-List decoder architectures, respectively.
Platinum(II) and Platinum(IV) Acyl and Formyl Complexes (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUECommunicationNEXTPlatinum(II) and Platinum(IV) Acyl and Formyl ComplexesStefan Reinartz, Maurice Brookhart, and Joseph L. TempletonView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290 Cite this: Organometallics 2002, 21, 2, 247–249Publication Date (Web):December 21, 2001Publication History Received23 August 2001Published online21 December 2001Published inissue 1 January 2002https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om010772jhttps://doi.org/10.1021/om010772jrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2002 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views466Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Acyls,Alkyls,Anions,Carbon,Platinum Get e-Alerts
Toward Applying Machine Learning to Design Rule Acquisition for Automated Graphics Generation (1999)

Effective automated graphics generation systems rely on well-established design rules. We are currently exploring how machine learning techniques may be used to acquire design rules automatically. In this paper, we present a model that addresses four fundamental aspects toward applying machine learning to graphics design rule formulation. In particular, learning spaces and learning goals describe where learning may take place and what needs to be learned. Learning features and learning strategies discuss how to describe various learning data and how to choose proper learning techniques. Using our model, we have designed and conducted two experiments to demonstrate two different applications of machine learning in graphics rule acquisition.
Parasitic Resistance Reduction for Aggressively Scaled Stacked Nanosheet Transistors (2020)

An analysis of NanoSheet (NS) transistor parasitic resistance components is presented and correlated to the resistance readout on Si wafers. With this model, it is possible to identify which components cause the parasitic resistance increases as CPP (contacted poly-Si pitch) further scales from 48 nm to 44 nm pitch. In this study, an alternative MOL (middle of line) metallization scheme is implemented to reduce circuit RC delay. This model helps to further reduce the transistor parasitic resistance from NFET/PFET S/D (source/drain) epitaxy or silicide. As CPP scales, NS PFET parasitic resistance reduction is more challenging and requires optimization in S/D epitaxy, silicide and metallization. Based on parasitic resistance modeling, we present a new wrap-around contact structure which eliminates the vertical epi resistance component, hence reducing overall device resistance.
Abstract 4273: Oncogenic BRAFV600E drives stem cell niche factors-independent growth and tumorigenic transformation in colon organoids (2016)

Abstract Herein, we report a model for how BRAF mutations, in contrast to KRAS mutations, specifically associate with and induce, in mouse colon organoids without a microenvironment, the phenotype of human sporadic right-sided colon adenocarcinomas (COAD). The human BRAF mutant COAD are particularly distinguished by having an increased incidence of promoter CpG island methylation, termed CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP)-High. This latter phenotype contrasts with the majority of the COAD which are classified in the CIMP-low to intermediate groups and have mostly KRAS mutations. To understand how these mutations influence tumor evolution and the methylation landscape, we modeled the early carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer by inducing BRAFV600E and KRASG12D mutations individually in 3D organoids prepared from mouse proximal colon. The induction of BRAFV600E mutation, but not KRASG12D mutation, showed various features of progressive transformation. In vitro induction of BRAFV600E drove the organoids to derive cystic changes in morphology and promoted adoption of a stem cell niche independency characterized by growth in the absence of added stem cell niche factors including Wnt3a, R-Spondin, and Noggin. This independency is not due to increased secretion of niche factors by the Paneth-like cells in BRAFV600E mutant organoids. In addition, BRAFV600E organoids showed dysplastic changes such as high nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio and abnormal budding. The most exciting finding is that induction of BRAFV600E mutation, but not KRASG12D mutation, induced complete transformation of the organoids forming xenograft tumors in NOD/SCID mice. The tumors exhibit histological characteristics of human mucinous adenocarcinoma, which is the tumor type highly associated with BRAFV600E mutation in human COAD. Gene expression analyses revealed up-regulation of intestinal stem cell signature genes and down-regulation of genes related to intestinal differentiation in BRAFV600E organoids. In addition, BRAFV600E organoids showed increased expression levels of Wnt pathway target genes indicating an enhanced and sustained Wnt-signaling. Analyses of CpG-island methylation in a panel of genes showed increased CpG-island methylation only in the BRAFV600E mutant organoids. In conclusion, in mouse colon organoids, BRAFV600E drives a human right-sided COAD phenotype with adoption of a stem cell niche independency, activation of the Wnt pathway, and induction of CpG island methylation. Citation Format: Byunghak Kang, Julie In, Nicholas Zachos, David Huso, Shinji Maegawa, Jean-Pierre Issa, Hariharan Easwaran, Stephen B. Baylin. Oncogenic BRAFV600E drives stem cell niche factors-independent growth and tumorigenic transformation in colon organoids. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 4273.
AZP-3404, a Peptide Analog of IGFBP-2, Induces Weight Loss and Improves Glucose Metabolism in Leptin-Resistant db/db Mice (2021)

Abstract Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 (IGFBP-2) has been demonstrated to be a key mediator of the peripheral metabolic actions of leptin. The metabolic activity of IGFBP-2 is independent of IGF1 binding, and can be localized to a unique heparin-binding domain (HBD-1) within its structure. AZP-3404 is a 9-amino acid analog of the IGFBP-2 HBD-1 that reproduces the activity of IGFBP-2 on adipocyte and osteoblast differentiation. In addition, AZP-3404 has been demonstrated to increase glucose uptake by differentiated mouse myotubes in vitro, and to increase glucose disposal following an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) in leptin-deficient ob/ob mice. In the present study, we hypothesized that AZP-3404 should be able to improve metabolic regulation in the db/db mouse, which is leptin-resistant due to a mutation in the leptin receptor, and, as a result, is also IGFBP-2 deficient. Following pre-treatment with vehicle for 1 week to establish a baseline, 9-week old male db/db mice were treated with either vehicle or AZP-3404 at doses of 1, 3 or 6 mg/kg, sc, bid (n=10/group) for 8 weeks. At the initiation of treatment, the mice weighed an average of 39.7 + 0.3 grams, and after 8 weeks, vehicle-treated mice had gained an average 8.2 + 1.6 grams of body weight. Mice treated with AZP-3404 displayed a progressive decrease in body weight gain that began after 2 weeks and that continued through the 8 weeks of treatment, ultimately resulting in less than 50% of the weight gain observed in the vehicle-treated mice, and without an apparent change in food intake. To assess the impact on glucose disposal, after both 4 and 8 weeks of treatment, and following an overnight fast, the mice were administered an IPGTT (blood glucose measured 0, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 240 minutes post-ip injection of 1 g glucose/kg). By 4 weeks of treatment, a significant increase in glucose disposal was observed in mice treated with the 6 mg/kg dose of AZP-3404 (AUC glucose decreased by 28.7%) versus vehicle-treated controls. By 8 weeks of treatment, all three doses produced similar increases in glucose disposal (AUC glucose decreased by 18.8, 21.4 and 23.1% with 1, 3 and 6 mg/kg AZP-3404, respectively) versus vehicle controls. Correspondingly, 4-hour fasted plasma insulin was decreased by 54, 48 and 52%, and the HOMA measure of insulin resistance was decreased by 55, 52 and 67%, in mice treated for 8 weeks with 1, 3 and 6 mg/kg AZP-3404, respectively, as compared with vehicle-treated mice. These results, demonstrating both improved glucose metabolism and decreased body weight gain in the leptin-resistant db/db mouse, further confirm the ability of AZP-3404 to reproduce the metabolic activity of IGFBP-2, and support the development of AZP-3404 as a novel therapy for disease states characterized by insulin resistance and/or obesity.
OnobotulinumtoxinA Has No Effects on Growth of LNCaP and PC3 Human Prostate Cancer Cells (2012)

OnobotulinumtoxinA does not affect the growth of LNCaP or PC3 cells in vitro and in vivo or produce significant anti-tumor effects. Intraprostatic BTX injection for BPH might not affect the growth of prostate cancer.
Supplementary Video 3 from Analysis of Mitosis and Antimitotic Drug Responses in Tumors by <i>In Vivo</i> Microscopy and Single-Cell Pharmacodynamics (2023)

Supplementary Video 3 from Analysis of Mitosis and Antimitotic Drug Responses in Tumors by &lt;i&gt;In Vivo&lt;/i&gt; Microscopy and Single-Cell Pharmacodynamics
MAPPING WITH AIRCRAFT AND SATELLITE RADAR IMAGES (1985)

Abstract The history of radargrammetry spans about 35 years. It has moved from early plan position indicator (PPI) radar records of 1948 to the current (1984) space shuttle imaging radar SIR‐B. We can look forward to the future 1989 European and Japanese remote sensing satellites ERS‐1 and NASA's 1988 Venus Radar Mapper (VRM) mission. The mapping application requires that methods be available to deal with single images, stereoscopic pairs or blocks of image strips. The predominantly digital data format suggests that radargrammetric methods should be implemented in digital image processing systems for rectification, digital terrain elevation extraction and multi‐image registration for change monitoring. This paper presents a review of current radargrammetric understanding, applications and expected developments.