gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of the photochromic performance of spirooxazine in sol-gel derived organic-inorganic hybrid matrices by additives (1997)

Organic-inorganic hybrid materials synthesized via sol-gel processing are excellent solid matrices for photochromic dyes like spirooxazine, and the photochromic performance can be further enhanced by introducing suitable additives. This work describes the effects of additives on the photochromic intensity (&amp;Delta;A0), decolouration rate (k) and photostability of spirooxazine in sol-gel derived organic-inorganic hybrid matrices. They include fluoro-alkylsilane (FAS), bisphenol A (BPA) and methyl-imidazole (MI). FAS enhances both &amp;Delta;A0 and photostability, but has little effect on k. The higher the content of BPA, the higher the &amp;Delta;A0 and the higher the photostability, but the lower the k. The effect of MI on &amp;Delta;A0 and k is not so considerable as that of BPA and is a little complicated, while significant improvement in photostability is achieved by the addition of MI at an optimum concentration with the presence of BPA at a higher content.
Energy and Latency of Beamforming Architectures for Initial Access in\n mmWave Wireless Networks (2020)

Future millimeter-wave (mmWave) systems, 5G cellular or WiFi, must rely on\nhighly directional links to overcome severe pathloss in these frequency bands.\nEstablishing such links requires the mutual discovery of the transmitter and\nthe receiver %in the angular domain potentially leading to a large latency and\nhigh energy consumption. In this work, we show that both the discovery latency\nand energy consumption can be significantly reduced by using fully digital\nfront-ends. In fact, we establish that by reducing the resolution of the\nfully-digital front-ends we can achieve lower energy consumption compared to\nboth analog and high-resolution digital beamformers. Since beamforming through\nanalog front-ends allows sampling in only one direction at a time, the mobile\ndevice is ''on'' for a longer time compared to a digital beamformer which can\nget spatial samples from all directions in one shot. We show that the energy\nconsumed by the analog front-end can be four to six times more than that of the\ndigital front-ends, depending on the size of the employed antenna arrays. We\nrecognize, however, that using fully digital beamforming post beam discovery,\ni.e., for data transmission, is not viable from a power consumption standpoint.\nTo address this issue, we propose the use of digital beamformers with\nlow-resolution analog to digital converters (4 bits). This reduction in\nresolution brings the power consumption to the same level as analog beamforming\nfor data transmissions while benefiting from the spatial multiplexing\ncapabilities of fully digital beamforming, thus reducing initial discovery\nlatency and improving energy efficiency.\n
Voltammetry in the spleen assesses real-time anti-inflammatory norepinephrine release elicited by autonomic neurostimulation (2022)

Abstract Background The noradrenergic innervation of the spleen is implicated in the autonomic control of inflammation and has been the target of neurostimulation therapies for inflammatory diseases. However, there is no real-time marker of its successful activation, which hinders the optimization of anti- inflammatory neurostimulation therapies and mechanistic studies in anti-inflammatory neural circuits. Methods In mice, we performed fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) in the spleen during intravascular injections of norepinephrine (NE), or during stimulation of the vagus, splanchnic, or splenic nerves. We defined the stimulus-elicited charge generated at the oxidation potential for NE (∼0.8 V) as the “NE voltammetry signal” and quantified the dependence of the signal on NE or nerve stimulation dose. We correlated the NE voltammetry signal in response to splenic nerve stimulation (SpNS) with the latter’s anti-inflammatory effect in a model of lipopolysaccharide- (LPS) induced endotoxemia, quantified as suppression of TNF release. Results We found that the NE voltammetry signal is proportional to injected amount and estimated peak NE concentration, with 0.3 μM detection threshold. In response to SpNS, the signal increases within seconds, returns to baseline minutes later and is blocked by interventions that deplete NE or inhibit NE release. The signal is elicited by efferent, but not afferent, electrical or optogenetic vagus nerve stimulation, and by splanchnic nerve stimulation. The magnitude of the signal during SpNS is inversely correlated with subsequent TNF suppression in endotoxemia and explains 40% of the variance in TNF measurements. Conclusion FSCV in the spleen provides a marker for real-time monitoring of anti-inflammatory activation of the splenic innervation during autonomic stimulation.
Functional Characterization of Phospholipid N-Methyltransferases from Arabidopsis and Soybean (2009)

Phospholipid N-methyltransferase (PLMT) enzymes catalyze the S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methylation of ethanolamine-containing phospholipids to produce the abundant membrane lipid phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho). In mammals and yeast, PLMT activities are required for the de novo synthesis of the choline headgroup found in PtdCho. PLMT enzyme activities have also been reported in plants, yet their roles in PtdCho biosynthesis are less clear because most plants can produce the choline headgroup entirely via soluble substrates, initiated by the methylation of free ethanolamine-phosphate. To gain further insights into the function of PLMT enzymes in plants, we isolated PLMT cDNAs from Arabidopsis and soybean (Glycine max) based upon primary amino acid sequence homology to the rat PLMT, phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase. Using a heterologous yeast expression system, it was shown that plant PLMTs methylate phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and phosphatidyldimethylethanolamine but cannot utilize phosphatidylethanolamine as a substrate. Identification of an Arabidopsis line containing a knock-out dissociator transposon insertion within the single copy AtPLMT gene allowed us to investigate the consequences of loss of PLMT function. Although the accumulation of the PLMT substrates phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and phosphatidyldimethylethanolamine was considerably elevated in the atplmt knock-out line, PtdCho levels remained normal, and no obvious differences were observed in plant morphology or development under standard growth conditions. However, because the metabolic routes through which PtdCho is synthesized in plants vary greatly among differing species, it is predicted that the degree with which PtdCho synthesis is dependent upon PLMT activities will also vary widely throughout the plant kingdom.
Taiwanofungus camphoratus (Syn Antrodia camphorata) Extract and Amphotericin B Exert Adjuvant Effects via Mitochondrial Apoptotic Pathway (2012)

The use of multiple drugs in cancer therapy increases the efficacy of the potential therapeutic effects. In this study, the authors investigated the adjuvant effects of an ethanol extract of solid-state cultivated Taiwanofungus camphoratus (TCEE) and amphotericin B (AmB) in the human cancer cell lines RPMI7951 and MG63. Taiwanofungus camphoratus is a well-known Chinese medicine in Taiwan, and AmB is a widely used antifungal agent. The authors demonstrated that TCEE pretreatment followed by AmB treatment effectively inhibited cell growth. The combination of sublethal doses of TCEE and AmB revealed a significant growth inhibitory effect in both cell lines. The combination of TCEE and AmB but not AmB alone induced phosphatidylserine externalization and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Cell cycle analyses revealed that combination of TCEE and AmB triggered G2/M arrest and significant apoptosis after 48 hours. These effects were greater than those achieved using TCEE or AmB alone. Furthermore, the authors demonstrated that the drugs increased the levels of p21(Cip1/Waf1) and pro-apoptotic protein Bax and reduced the level of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. Taken together, the results showed that the combination treatment of TCEE and AmB displays strong adjuvant effects, which are indicated by the inhibition of cell proliferation in 2 human cancer cell lines, RPMI7951 and MG63. These findings suggest possible therapeutic applications and alternative medicines using this drug combination.
Latch-Up Detection During ESD Soft Failure Characterization Using an On-Die Power Sensor (2019)

ESD-induced latch up is detected with an on-die energy counter circuit. Raw values are accessed through a Linux operating system kernel call, then the power consumption is calculated. Persistent power consumption increase indicates the latch-up occurrence, thus avoiding the need of external equipment for its detection. The failure mode is not visually noticeable and requires full power cycling to fully recover.
Direct ink-jet printing of electric materials with active alignment control (2005)

We have made a system for direct ink-jet printing of electric materials with active alignment control. The system consists of nozzles, image sensors and a target tracking system. Each nozzle is integrated with a microlens for an image sensor and a pair of electrodes to control ink-jets according to the output of the image processing. The performance of the target detecting system was accurate enough to obtain 5-/spl mu/m-precision. The fabricated nozzles achieved patterning of silver nanoparticles, which can be used as conductive wires after sintering, and the patterning position was successfully controlled by the microelectrodes. The voltage-displacement relationship with R/sup 2/ = 0.99 was measured.
Modeling catalytic reactions with transition metal atoms. 1. Synthesis and characterization of reactive intermediates in the nickel-ethylene system, (C2H4)nNi (where n = 1, 2, or 3) in low temperature matrices (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTModeling catalytic reactions with transition metal atoms. 1. Synthesis and characterization of reactive intermediates in the nickel-ethylene system, (C2H4)nNi (where n = 1, 2, or 3) in low temperature matricesH. Huber, G. A. Ozin, and W. J. PowerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976, 98, 21, 6508–6511Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00437a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00437a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views149Altmetric-Citations59LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Exome sequencing identifies high-impact trait-associated alleles enriched in Finns (2018)

ABSTRACT As yet undiscovered rare variants are hypothesized to substantially influence an individual’s risk for common diseases and traits, but sequencing studies aiming to identify such variants have generally been underpowered. In isolated populations that have expanded rapidly after a population bottleneck, deleterious alleles that passed through the bottleneck may be maintained at much higher frequencies than in other populations. In an exome sequencing study of nearly 20,000 cohort participants from northern and eastern Finnish populations that exemplify this phenomenon, most novel trait-associated deleterious variants are seen only in Finland or display frequencies more than 20 times higher than in other European populations. These enriched alleles underlie 34 novel associations with 21 disease-related quantitative traits and demonstrate a geographical clustering equivalent to that of Mendelian disease mutations characteristic of the Finnish population. Sequencing studies in populations without this unique history would require hundreds of thousands to millions of participants for comparable power for these variants.
Cognitive Wireless Regional Area Network Standard (2015)

This chapter provides an overview of the IEEE Standard 802.22-2011 Wi-FAR™ standard . This standard provides rural area broadband access and fulfils the dire need for cost-effective backhaul and middle-mile solution in developing countries. We discuss how those needs tie to the requirements definition and the operation of the IEEE 802.22 Wi-FAR systems. This chapter provides a special emphasis on the several cognitive radio (CR) features and techniques incorporated or referred to in the standard. These features include geo-location and access to an incumbent database, spectrum sensing, regulatory dependent policies, channel set management, spectrum etiquette, and self-coexistence mechanisms. On the basis of the regulatory rules applicable locally, the different CR features can be turned on or off. This chapter describes the ongoing white spaces implementations, trials, and deployments all over the world. Finally, this chapter provides an overview of the future enhancements to the IEEE 802.22 Standard and other activities of the Working Group to provide spectrum sharing solutions such as advanced beaconing for radar and communications coexistence and new activity on spectrum characterization and occupancy sensing.
<title>Temporally consistent virtual camera generation from stereo image sequences</title> (2004)

The recent emergence of auto-stereoscopic 3D viewing technologies has increased demand for the creation of 3D video content. A range of glasses-free multi-viewer screens have been developed that require as many as 9 views generated for each frame of video. This presents difficulties in both view generation and transmission bandwidth. This paper examines the use of stereo video capture as a means to generate multiple scene views via disparity analysis. A machine learning approach is applied to learn relationships between disparity generated depth information and source footage, and to generate depth information in a temporally smooth manner for both left and right eye image sequences. A view morphing approach to multiple view rendering is described which provides an excellent 3D effect on a range of glasses-free displays, while providing robustness to inaccurate stereo disparity calculations.
Enhanced Properties in Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Based Saturable Absorber for All Optical Signal Regeneration (2011)

Ultrafast relaxation dynamics of photogenerated carriers in nanostructure based saturable absorber (SA) are investigated using a degenerate cross-polarized pump–probe experiment at 1.55 µm operating wavelength. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) encased in micelles are studied and compared to bundled ones as well as to iron doped InGaAs/InP multiple quantum wells (MQW). SA parameters for all optical signal regeneration (AOSR) are extracted from the normalized differential transmission. Although all samples show the same order of recombination time, SWNT in micelles present a much higher contrast ratio associated to a lower level of saturation fluence as compared to their bundled and MQW counterparts.
Critical role of CXC chemokines in endotoxemic liver injury in mice (2003)

Tissue accumulation of leukocytes constitutes a rate-limiting step in endotoxin-induced tissue injury. Chemokines have the capacity to regulate leukocyte trafficking. However, the role of CXC chemokines, i.e., macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) and cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (KC), in leukocyte recruitment, microvascular perfusion failure, cellular injury, and apoptosis in the liver remains elusive. Herein, mice were challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in combination with D-galactosamine, and intravital microscopy of the liver microcirculation was conducted 6 h later. It was found that immunoneutralization of MIP-2 and KC did not reduce LPS-induced leukocyte rolling and adhesion in postsinusoidal venules. In contrast, pretreatment with monoclonal antibodies against MIP-2 and KC abolished (83% reduction) extravascular recruitment of leukocytes in the livers of endotoxemic mice. Notably, endotoxin challenge increased the expression of CXC chemokines, which was mainly confined to hepatocytes. Moreover, endotoxin-induced increases of liver enzymes and hepatocellular apoptosis were decreased by more than 82% and 68%, respectively, and sinusoidal perfusion was restored in mice passively immunized against MIP-2 and KC. In conclusion, this study indicates that intravascular accumulation of leukocytes in the liver is independent of CXC chemokines in endotoxemic mice. Instead, our novel data suggest that CXC chemokines are instrumental in regulating endotoxin-induced transmigration and extravascular tissue accumulation of leukocytes. Indeed, these findings demonstrate that interference with MIP-2 and KC functions protects against septic liver damage and may constitute a potential therapeutic strategy to control pathological inflammation in endotoxemia.
Signal Transduction in T Cell Activation and Tolerance (1993)

T lymphocytes communicate with their environment through a large array of specialized cell surface receptors. These receptors provide signals which influence T cell ontogeny, activation by antigen, homing and many other aspects of T cell biology. Recent advances have provided a wealth of new information regarding the mechanism by which these surface receptors influence intracellular biochemical events. Transmembrane signaling is initiated by the binding of specific ligand to the extracellular portion of cell surface receptors. The signal is believed to be transmitted across the plasma membrane via either conformational change in the receptors, by receptor dimerization or by a change in its association with other proteins
Indications Anteromedial Osteoarthritis (2015)

Total knee arthroplasty is an effective treatment for most types of arthritis of the knee and requires little of the joint’s anatomy to be intact for a successful outcome. On the other hand, unicompartmental arthroplasty can only succeed if the rest of the knee is functionally intact before surgery. We will discuss, first, the pathology of osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee and then how to ascertain, before operating, that the ligaments are all functionally normal and the retained articular surfaces capable of resuming their weight-bearing role.&#x0D;
Interference Cancellation and 4-branch Antenna Diversity for WCDMA Uplink Packet Access (2005)

This paper addresses the performance gain of interference cancellation (IC) and 4-branch antenna diversity for enhanced packet data access in WCDMA uplink. A theoretical analysis is derived showing that the cell throughput gain from IC mainly depends on three factors: 1) the efficiency of the multi-user detection (MUD) receiver, 2) the other-to-own cell interference ratio, and 3) the uplink load. The gain from 4-branch antenna diversity and IC is then estimated bv means of system level simulations for two different node B scheduling concepts. Given specific outage constraints for both network load and user performance, the capacity gain from 4-branch compared to 2-branch antenna diversity is approx. 100% The cell throughput gain from IC is approx. 20% for an IC efficiency of 30% and 50% for an IC efficiency of 70% The estimated gain numbers from IC are almost independent of the considered scheduling scenario and are in accordance with the theoretical results. In the most optimistic case, the total cell throughout gain from fast node B scheduling, IC and 4-branch antenna diversity is 364% compared to a system implementation with RNC scheduling, no interference cancellation and 2-branch antenna diversity.
β-lapachone-Induced Apoptosis of Human Gastric Carcinoma AGS Cells Is Caspase-Dependent and Regulated by the PI3K/Akt Pathway (2014)

β-lapachone is a naturally occurring quinone that selectively induces apoptotic cell death in a variety of human cancer cells in vitro and in vivo; however, its mechanism of action needs to be further elaborated. In this study, we investigated the effects of β-lapachone on the induction of apoptosis in human gastric carcinoma AGS cells. β-lapachone significantly inhibited cellular proliferation, and some typical apoptotic characteristics such as chromatin condensation and an increase in the population of sub-G1 hypodiploid cells were observed in β-lapachone-treated AGS cells. Treatment with β-lapachone caused mitochondrial transmembrane potential dissipation, stimulated the mitochondria-mediated intrinsic apoptotic pathway, as indicated by caspase-9 activation, cytochrome c release, Bcl-2 downregulation and Bax upregulation, as well as death receptor-mediated extrinsic apoptotic pathway, as indicated by activation of caspase-8 and truncation of Bid. This process was accompanied by activation of caspase-3 and concomitant with cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. The general caspase inhibitor, z-VAD-fmk, significantly abolished β-lapachone-induced cell death and inhibited growth. Further analysis demonstrated that the induction of apoptosis by β-lapachone was accompanied by inactivation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway. The PI3K inhibitor LY29004 significantly increased β-lapachone-induced apoptosis and growth inhibition. Taken together, these findings indicate that the apoptotic activity of β-lapachone is probably regulated by a caspase-dependent cascade through activation of both intrinsic and extrinsic signaling pathways, and that inhibition of the PI3K/Akt signaling may contribute to β-lapachone-mediated AGS cell growth inhibition and apoptosis induction.
Adenosine Kinase Inhibitors. 4. 6,8-Disubstituted Purine Nucleoside Derivatives. Synthesis, Conformation, and Enzyme Inhibition (2005)

6,8-Disubstituted purine nucleosides were synthesized and evaluated as adenosine kinase inhibitors (AKIs). A method was developed to selectively substitute arylamines for halogens at C6 and C8 which utilizes alkali salts of arylamino anions. Regioselectivity was found to be counterion dependent. Potassium and sodium salts add selectively to C6 of 6-chloro-8-iodo-9-(2,3,5-tris-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-beta-d-ribofuranosyl)purine (7a) while lithium salts add to C6 and C8 positions. Differential 6,8-bisarylamin-N,N'-diylpurine nucleosides such as 8-anilin-N-yl-6-indolin-N-yl-9-(beta-d-ribofuranosyl)purine (10b) can be prepared by employing stepwise reactions of potassium and then lithium salts of different arylamino anions followed by fluoride ion-induced desilylation. Other C8-substituted compounds were prepared by way of either C8 lithiation chemistry or palladium cross-coupling reactions. Several of these compounds were potent AKIs (e.g. 10b, AK IC(50) = 0.019 microM) and are more potent than the previous best purine-based AKI 5'-deoxy-5'-aminoadenosine (AK IC(50) = 0.170 microM). AK inhibitory potency was greatest for those compounds with (1)H NMR evidence of a predominant anti glycosyl bond conformation, whereas most analogues adopt a syn conformation because of steric repulsions between the C8 substituent and the ribose group. The inhibitors are proposed to bind in the anti conformation with the hydrophobic C6 and C8 substituents contributing to AK affinity in a manner similar to the C4 and C5 aryl substituents of the potent diaryltubercidin nucleoside inhibitor series.