gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of OFDM-based digital TV for ranging: Tests and validation on real signals (2010)

This article presents results of tests on real signal of a method of positioning using a digital TV DVB-T signal-of-opportunity which is based on an OFDM modulation. OFDM and DVB-T standard are presented and the positioning method using the DVB-T signal is detailed. The result on real signal are analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively in static and dynamic scenarios and indoor and outdoor environments. In static scenarios, the standard deviation of pseudorange error is about 8 cm outdoor and 0.7 m indoor. In dynamic scenarios the pseudorange estimation is considerably disturbed and additional experiments are necessary to quantify the performance in this case.
The Time Course of CTLA4Ig Effect on Cardiac Allograft Rejection (1996)

T cell response to alloantigen is dependent not only on T cell receptor activation, but also upon co-stimulation through the CD28 receptor, as T cell receptor activation alone is insufficient for an optimal immune response. The CD28 receptor on helper T cells interacts with its ligand B7 on activated B cells/macrophages as the co-stimulus to support T cell activity. The natural ligand for CD28, B7 is expressed in both constituitive and inducible forms. Expression of the inducible form, B7.1 is the most co-stimulatory and may peak at 48 hr following antigen presentation. CTLA4Ig (a soluble CD28 receptor analog) binds both B7's and inhibits CD28 activation. This experiment was undertaken to examine the optimal time course of CTLA4Ig effect at or following antigen presentation. In vivo studies used a rat MHC mismatch heterotopic cardiac allograft transplant model (Brown-Norway to Lewis). Controls received no immunotherapy. Experimental recipients received CTLA4Ig (0.05 mg i.p.) the day of transplant only or had CTLA4Ig x 7-21 days begun at Day 0, 3, or 5 following transplant. Rejection was defined as a lack of allograft contraction. Allograft survival was best when CTLA4Ig was present on Day 2. These findings demonstrate that CTLA4Ig was most effective 48 hr following antigen presentation, perhaps reflecting induction of tolerance at a time of maximal CTLA4Ig/B7.1 blockade. CTLA4Ig given later, at a time when the recognition/rejection process has already begun was not as effective indicating the lack of immunosuppressive function of CTLA4Ig itself and confirms CTLA4Ig's mechanism of co-stimulation blockade.
The Effect of DC Electro-thermal Ageing on Electrical Treeing in Polyethylene (2018)

Electrical treeing is among the main mechanisms responsible for electric breakdown in polymeric high voltage cables. In this paper, electrical treeing in electro-thermally aged low density polyethylene (LDPE) was evaluated by means of a real-time microscopic detection system. A wire – plane electrode test object with semiconducting tab was used in the study. The ageing was performed at a constant temperature of 80°C and an applied DC voltage of 10 kV of both polarities and lasted from 100 up to 800 hours. For testing the resistances to electrical treeing, tests were performed by applying 50 Hz AC voltage at a ramping speed of 0.5 kV/s. The obtained experimental results showed that mainly the thermal component of the ageing had an influence on electrical treeing parameters, namely on the initiation voltage as well as the shape and occurrence frequency of the trees. With an increase of the ageing time, the tree inception voltage gradually decreased.
ASB20123: A novel C-type natriuretic peptide derivative for treatment of growth failure and dwarfism (2019)

C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) and its receptor natriuretic peptide receptor B (NPR-B) are physiological potent positive regulators of endochondral bone growth; therefore, the CNP/ NPR-B signaling pathway is one of the most promising therapeutic targets for treating growth failure and dwarfism. In this article, we summarized the pharmacological properties of a novel CNP analog peptide ASB20123 as a therapeutic agent for short stature. ASB20123, one of the CNP/ghrelin chimeric peptides, is composed of CNP(1-22) and human ghrelin(12-28, E17D). Compared to CNP(1-22), ASB20123 showed similar agonist activity for NPR-B and improved biokinetics with a longer plasma half-life in rats. In addition, the distribution of ASB20123 to the cartilage was higher than that of CNP(1-22) after single subcutaneous (sc) injection to mice. These results suggested that the C-terminal part of ghrelin, which has clusters of basic amino acid residues and a BX7B motif, might contribute to the retention of ASB20123 in the extracellular matrix of the growth plate. Multiple sc doses of ASB20123 potently stimulated skeletal growth in rats in a dose-dependent manner, and sc infusion was more effective than bolus injection at the same dose. Our data indicated that high plasma levels of ASB20123 would not necessarily be required for bone growth acceleration. Thus, pharmaceutical formulation approaches for sustained-release dosage forms to allow chronic exposure to ASB20123 might be suitable to ensure drug effectiveness and safety.
Reports of the Workshops Held at the 2019 AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (2019)

The workshop program of the Thirty‐Third AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI‐19) was held in Honolulu, Hawaii, on Sunday and Monday, January 27 and 28, 2019. There were 16 workshops in the program: Affective Content Analysis: Modeling Affect‐in‐Action; Agile Robotics for Industrial Automation Competition; Artificial Intelligence for Cyber Security; Artificial Intelligence Safety; Dialog System Technology Challenge; Engineering Dependable and Secure Machine Learning Systems; Games and Simulations for Artificial Intelligence; Health Intelligence; Knowledge Extraction from Games; Network Interpretability for Deep Learning; Plan, Activity, and Intent Recognition; Reasoning and Learning for Human‐Machine Dialogues; Reasoning for Complex Question Answering; Recommender Systems Meet Natural Language Processing; Reinforcement Learning in Games; and Reproducible AI. This report contains brief summaries of all the workshops that were held.
The Evolution of U.S. Army Doctrine: from Active Defense to Airland Battle and Beyond (1991)

This study explains the recent evolution of U.S. Army doctrine. During the last two decades, the Army revised its capstone manual--FM 100-5, Operations--three times: in 1976, 1982, and 1986. A fourth revision is underway in 1991. This thesis chronicles the change in doctrine by analyzing the differences between the four versions of FM 100-5. It then employs five external factors (the change in technology, strategy, threat, domestic political context, and resource base) and four internal factors (the Army's organizational interests, the process of doctrine development, the bureaucratic politics within the Army, and the cognitive psychology of the Army's leaders) to explain the recent change in doctrine. The thesis concludes that in 1976 constraining external factors forced the Army to adopt a doctrine that was at odds with its internal needs. The early Reagan years, in contrast, permitted a return to a doctrine that better served the Army's interests. Though environmental changes call that doctrine into question in the nineties, the Army resists significant changes to a doctrine that satisfies its internal needs. The U.S. Army's current doctrine addresses organizational preferences better than operational requirements.
A strong converse in source coding for super-source networks (2011)

We prove a strong converse for a class of source coding problems. In each member of this class, there is one node that has access to all of the source sequences. This node has a direct link to every other node that can observe one or more source sequences. Source sequences are drawn i.i.d. according to a given distribution on a finite alphabet. The distortion measure is finite. The strong converse discussed here states that if a given rate vector R is not D-achievable, then for any sequence of block codes at rate R the probability of observing distortion no greater than D decreases exponentially to 0 as the code dimension grows without bound. The result can be applied to prove the strong converse for the Gray-Wyner problem and the multiple description problem.
Diphenylcarbene cation: electronic and molecular structure (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDiphenylcarbene cation: electronic and molecular structureThomas Bally, Stephan Matzinger, Leo Truttman, Matthew S. Platz, Atnaf Admasu, Fabian Gerson, Anton Arnold, and Reto SchmidlinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 15, 7007–7008Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1993https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00068a082RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views357Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
High Affinity Receptor for IgG (FcγRI/CD64) Gene and STAT Protein Binding to the IFN-γ Response Region (GRR) Are Regulated Differentially in Human Neutrophils and Monocytes by IL-10 (1998)

Abstract Since IL-10 has been shown to up-regulate the expression of the high affinity receptor for IgG (FcγRI/CD64) in human monocytes, we examined whether the cytokine exerts a similar action toward polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN). Unexpectedly, we found that in neutrophils, IL-10 failed to induce either the mRNA accumulation or the surface expression of FcγRI. Consistent with these findings, stimulation of PMN with IFN-γ, but not with IL-10, resulted in the induction of specific DNA-binding activities to the IFN-γ response region (GRR), a regulatory element located in the FcγRI gene promoter, required for transcriptional activation. In electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs), we confirmed that in PBMC, IL-10 induces the binding to the GRR of both STAT1 and STAT3, two members of the STAT family. In neutrophils, however, these activators did not bind to the GRR in response to IL-10, despite the fact that both STAT1 and STAT3 are expressed in these cells. On the other hand, IFN-γ was an efficient inducer of STAT1 binding to the GRR in both PMN and PBMC. The lack of inducible GRR-binding activity in IL-10-treated PMN could not be ascribed to a lack of IL-10R, and did not appear to reflect an inhibitory effect of the cytokine. Taken together, our data suggest that IL-10 is unable to induce FcγRI gene expression in neutrophils because the intracellular signaling pathway triggered by the cytokine is impaired at the level of, or upstream of, STAT1 and/or STAT3 activation.
Novel strategies to assess the synaptic interface of primary human T cells from peripheral blood and lymphoid tissue (2018)

Abstract Our current understanding of the kinetics and structural features of T cell synaptic interfaces has largely been determined through the use of glass supported artificial bilayers and in vitro-derived T-cell clones or lines. How these findings apply to the primary human T cells isolated from blood or lymphoid tissues in unclear, given the significant difficulty in obtaining sufficient amounts of these cells for use on conventional glass-supported planar bilayers. Moreover, emerging data suggest that tissue resident T cells and T cells from lymphoid organs are significantly different in their phenotype and functional activity from those in peripheral blood, further solidifying the need to better understand the features of T cell synaptic interfaces in primary human T cells. To this end, we developed a new mini scale approach exploiting bilayers built into multichannel flow slides that allows us to perform imaging studies of T cell/bilayer interfaces with as few as 105 cells primary T cells isolated from human peripheral blood and lymphoid tissues without sacrificing the quality of the analysis. Our results indicate that while primary peripheral blood CD8+ T cells can share synaptic interface properties similar to in vitro derived T cell clones and lines, we found significant differences in the structure of the synaptic interface formed by primary lymphoid tissue compared to peripheral blood T cells, consistent with different efficiencies of these T cells.
Structure-dependent SERS activity of plasmonic nanorattles with built-in electromagnetic hotspots (2017)

Hollow plasmonic nanostructures with built-in and accessible electromagnetic hotspots such as nanorattles, obtained through a galvanic replacement reaction, have received wide attention in chemical and biological sensing and targeted drug delivery. In this study, we investigate the surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) activity of plasmonic nanorattles obtained through different degrees of galvanic replacement of Au@Ag nanocubes. We found that the SERS efficacy of the nanorattles is governed by the plasmon extinction intensity, localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) wavelength of the nanostructures with respect to the excitation source and intensity of the electromagnetic field at the hotspot, with the latter playing a determining role. Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations showed excellent agreement with the experimental findings that an optimal degree of galvanic replacement is critical for maximum SERS enhancement. The rational design and synthesis of the plasmonic nanorattles based on these findings can make these nanostructures highly attractive for SERS-based chemical and biological sensing and bioimaging.
Advances in Photosensitive Polymer Based Damascene RDL Processes: Toward Submicrometer Pitches With More Metal Layers (2021)

In this study, we demonstrate the scaling potential of our damascene redistribution layer (RDL) approach by manufacturing an RDL process using a photosensitive polymer and copper metal lines with a target pitch of 1 μm. Among the various advantages of using a photosensitive dielectric and a damascene approach, the presence of a chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP) step after the copper growth process is key to guarantee the flatness of the stack. Ultimately, it allows for more RDL layer to be patterned at resolution limits. This approach is demonstrated by processing a 4 metal layers RDL with a minimal pitch of 3.2 μm. Collected electrical data as well as FIB cross-sections and SEM imaging performed after various process steps confirm the excellent patterning of the metal wires thus demonstrating the superiority of the damascene approach compared to the semi-additive process.
The paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus is a neuroanatomical substrate for the inhibition of palatable food intake by neuropeptide S (2009)

Neuropeptide S (NPS) is a recently discovered neurotransmitter that binds to its cognate G-protein coupled receptor, NPSR. Previous studies have shown that central administration of this peptide induces anxiolytic-like effects, promotes arousal and inhibits feeding in the same dose range. In the present study, we sought to investigate further the unique physiopharmacological profile of the NPS system by characterizing its effects on palatable food consumption in rats and comparing it with the effect of the classical anxiolytic benzodiazepine midazolam. The results demonstrated that midazolam (5.0 or 10.0 mg/kg) increases palatable food consumption, while intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of NPS markedly reduces it. The anorectic effect of NPS (0.1-1.0 nmol per rat, ICV) was prevented by ICV pretreatment with the NPSR antagonist [D-Cys(tBU)(5)]NPS (20.0-60.0 nmol per rat). Pretreatment with the nonselective corticotrophin-releasing factor receptor (CRF) antagonist alpha-helical CRF 9-41 (6.25 and 12.5 nmol per rat) completely reversed the hypophagic action of CRF (0.4 nmol per rat, ICV) but did not prevent the anorectic effect of ICV NPS (1.0 nmol per rat). Brain site-specific microinjection experiments revealed that NPS markedly inhibits palatable food intake if administered into the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN). A similar but smaller and shorter lasting reduction of feeding was observed following intra-lateral hypothalamus administration, whereas no effect was observed following injection into the central amygdala. The present study demonstrates that NPS evokes a potent inhibition of palatable food consumption and that the PVN is an important site of action for its effect.
Antagonism of chemokine receptor CXCR3 inhibits osteosarcoma metastasis to lungs (2009)

Metastasis continues to be the leading cause of mortality for patients with cancer. Several years ago, it became clear that chemokines and their receptors could control the tumor progress. CXCR3 has now been identified in many cancers including osteosarcoma and CXCR3 ligands were expressed by lungs that are the primary sites to which this tumor metastasize. This study tested the hypothesis that disruption of the CXCR3/CXCR3 ligands complexes could lead to a decrease in lungs metastasis. The experimental design involved the use of the CXCR3 antagonist, AMG487 and 2 murine models of osteosarcoma lung metastases. After tail vein injection of osteosarcoma cells, mice that were systematically treated with AMG487 according to preventive or curative protocols had a significant reduction in metastatic disease. Treatment of osteosarcoma cells in vitro with AMG487 led to decreased migration, decreased matrix metalloproteinase activity, decreased proliferation/survival and increased caspase-independent death. Taken together, our results support the hypothesis that CXCR3 and their ligands intervene in the initial dissemination of the osteosarcoma cells to the lungs and stimulate the growth and expansion of the metastatic foci in later stages. Moreover, these studies indicate that targeting CXCR3 may specifically inhibit tumor metastasis without adversely affecting antitumoral host response.
Using electronic health records to identify candidates for human immunodeficiency virus pre‐exposure prophylaxis: An application of super learning to risk prediction when the outcome is rare (2020)

Machine learning was successful at developing a model to predict 1-year risk of acquiring HIV based on a physician-curated set of predictors extracted from EHRs.
PRIMAL (2019)

This paper introduces PRIMAL, a novel learning-based framework that enables fast and accurate power estimation for ASIC designs. PRIMAL trains machine learning (ML) models with design verification testbenches for characterizing the power of reusable circuit building blocks. The trained models can then be used to generate detailed power profiles of the same blocks under different workloads. We evaluate the performance of several established ML models on this task, including ridge regression, gradient tree boosting, multi-layer perceptron, and convolutional neural network (CNN). For average power estimation, ML-based techniques can achieve an average error of less than 1% across a diverse set of realistic benchmarks, outperforming a commercial RTL power estimation tool in both accuracy and speed (15x faster). For cycle-by-cycle power estimation, PRIMAL is on average 50x faster than a commercial gate-level power analysis tool, with an average error less than 5%. In particular, our CNN-based method achieves a 35x speed-up and an error of 5.2% for cycle-by-cycle power estimation of a RISC-V processor core. Furthermore, our case study on a NoC router shows that PRIMAL can achieve a small estimation error of 4.5% using cycle-approximate traces from SystemC simulation.
Dependence of atmospheric refractive index structure parameter (Cn2) on the residence time and vertical distribution of aerosols (2017)

Effects of absorbing atmospheric aerosols in modulating the tropospheric refractive index structure parameter (Cn2) are estimated using high resolution radiosonde and multi-satellite data along with a radiative transfer model. We report the influence of variations in residence time and vertical distribution of aerosols in modulating Cn2 and why the aerosol induced atmospheric heating needs to be considered while estimating a free space optical communication link budget. The results show that performance of the link is seriously affected if large concentrations of absorbing aerosols reside for a long time in the atmospheric path.
On the Historic Background of the Foundation of Beopcheon Temple in Mt. Seungdal (2007)

종래 그 창건시기 및 사찰의 성격이 불명확하였던 憎達山 法泉寺는 『동국여지승람』의 기록을 다른 관련 자료들과 대비하여 검토한 결과 14세기 수선사 계통 승려에 의해 창건된 사찰로 추정된다. 『동국여지승람』에 창건자로 언급된 圓明이라는 승려는 고려 수선사 계통의 승려로서 중국 강남지방에서 새로운 선사상을 수학하고 돌아온 圓明國師 ?鑑이나 了菴圓明 長老와 관련된 것으로 보이며, 법천사는 이들 자신 혹은 이들의 제자에 의하여 창건되었던 것이다. 한편 법천사는 단순한 수선사 계통의 사찰일 뿐 아니라 14세기 이후 한국불교계에 큰 영향을 미친 간화선의 초기 수용사찰로서도 특별한 의미를 갖는다. 원명국사나 원명장로는 당시 중국 강남지방에서 看話禪 수행자로서 명성을 떨치던 蒙山德異의 가르침을 계승하고 이를 고려불교계에 소개하였는데, 이후 얼마 지나지 않아서 몽산덕이의 수행법은 고려 불교계 전체의 대표적인 수행법으로 자리잡게 되었다. 이러한 사상적 변화를 주도했던 인물인 원명국사나 원명장로 혹은 그들의 제자에 의해 창건된 법천사는 그와 같은 사상적 변화를 주도한 사찰로서 특별한 의미를 갖는다.
ReActNet: Temporal Localization of Repetitive Activities in Real-World\n Videos (2019)

We address the problem of temporal localization of repetitive activities in a\nvideo, i.e., the problem of identifying all segments of a video that contain\nsome sort of repetitive or periodic motion. To do so, the proposed method\nrepresents a video by the matrix of pairwise frame distances. These distances\nare computed on frame representations obtained with a convolutional neural\nnetwork. On top of this representation, we design, implement and evaluate\nReActNet, a lightweight convolutional neural network that classifies a given\nframe as belonging (or not) to a repetitive video segment. An important\nproperty of the employed representation is that it can handle repetitive\nsegments of arbitrary number and duration. Furthermore, the proposed training\nprocess requires a relatively small number of annotated videos. Our method\nraises several of the limiting assumptions of existing approaches regarding the\ncontents of the video and the types of the observed repetitive activities.\nExperimental results on recent, publicly available datasets validate our design\nchoices, verify the generalization potential of ReActNet and demonstrate its\nsuperior performance in comparison to the current state of the art.\n