gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recent progress of CAR materials for EUV lithography (Conference Presentation) (2017)

Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography is considered to be the most effective strategy for realize 7 nm generation manufacturing and beyond. A key factor for the realization of EUV lithography is the choice of EUV resist material that is capable of resolving below 15-nm half pitch with high sensitivity. Chemical Amplified Resist (CAR) using positive-tone development (PTD) is still one of the strongest candidates for EUV lithography. Recently, some researchers have reported concerns on the limitations in the performance of CAR materials. Consequently, there is a critical need for new chemistry and development of new resist materials. However, new resist materials still have lots of concerns for manufacturing, such like a non-CAR materials including metal resist. Therefore, CAR materials are still most important items for EUV lithography manufacturing. We’ve been developing negative-tone imaging (organic solvent development) with EUV exposure (EUV-NTI) for a long time. EUV-NTI has advantages for line-width roughness (LWR) due to their low swelling and dissolving smoothly. New EUV-NTI performances will be shown and also process condition progress will be updated. Also, the basic study will be reported, which is high absorption unit including materials for improving stochastic effect. We report herein recent progress of CAR materials, both positive-tone and negative-tone for EUV lithography.
Adaptive Intelligent Vehicle Modules for Tactical Driving (1996)

Intelligent vehicles must make real-time tactical level decisions to drive in mixed traffic environments. SAPIENT is a reasoning system that combines high-level task goals with low-level sensor constraints to control simulated and (ultimately) real vehicles like the Carnegie Mellon Navlab robot vans. SAPIENT consists of a number of reasoning modules whose outputs are combined using a voting scheme. The behavior of these modules is directly dependent on a large number of parameters both internal and external to the modules. Without carefully setting these parameters, it is difficult to assess whether the reasoning modules can interact correctly; furthermore, selecting good values for these parameters manually is tedious and error-prone. We use an evolutionary algorithm, termed Population-Based Incremental Learning, to automatically set each module’s parameters. This allows us to determine whether the combination of chosen modules is well suited for the desired task, enables the rapid integration of new modules into existing SAPIENT configurations, and provides a painless way to find good parameter settings.
Characterization of a thyroid hormone-responsive gene from rat. (1984)

We have isolated and characterized a rat gene coding for spot 14 mRNA: a hepatic product induced rapidly by thyroid hormone. This gene is present in a single copy/haploid genome, but encodes two mRNA species differing by 170 nucleotides in length. Through S1 nuclease analyses, the difference was mapped to the 3'-end of the mRNA with one species extending 170 nucleotides beyond the 3'-end of the other mRNA. The putative poly(A) addition signals AUUAAA and AAUAAA are found to precede the sites of polyadenylation in the shorter and longer mRNA, respectively. The mRNA codes for a protein of 150 amino acids with a molecular weight of 17,010. The protein-coding region is located closer to the 5'-end of the mRNA, leaving a relatively long 3'-untranslated region, which contains the only intron of 3,150 base pairs within the gene. At approximately 27 base pairs upstream from the start site of the mRNA, a sequence homologous to the TATA box, TAGAAAT , was found.
Percolated Ionic Aggregate Morphologies and Decoupled Ion Transport in Precise Sulfonated Polymers Synthesized by Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (2020)

We describe a set of precise single-ion conducting polymers that form self-assembled percolated ionic aggregates in glassy polymer matrices and have decoupled transport of metal cations. These precise single-ion conductors (SICs), synthesized by a scalable ring-opening metathesis polymerization, consist of a polyethylene backbone with a sulfonated phenyl group pendant on every fifth carbon and are fully neutralized by a counterion X+ (Li+, Na+, or Cs+). Experimental X-ray scattering measurements and fully atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are in good agreement. The MD simulations show that the ionic groups nanophase separate from the polymer backbone to form percolating ionic aggregates. Using graph theory, we find that within the Li+- and Na+-neutralized polymers the percolated aggregates exhibit planar and ribbon-like configurations at intermediate length scales, while the percolated aggregates within the Cs+-neutralized polymers are more isotropic. Electrical impedance spectroscopy measurements show that the ionic conductivities exhibit Arrhenius behavior, with conductivities of 10–7 to 10–6 S/cm at 180 °C. In the MD simulations, the cations move between sulfonate groups in the percolated aggregates, larger ions travel further, and overall cations travel further than the polymer backbones, indicating a decoupled ion-transport mechanism. Thus, the percolated ionic aggregates in these polymers can serve as pathways to facilitate decoupled ion motion through a glassy polymer matrix.
Calibration of the isolated oxygen interstitial localized vibrational mode absorption line in GaAs (1991)

A series of isochronal annealing experiments have been performed on bulk GaAs crystals doped with oxygen. Two centers induced by oxygen, the isolated oxygen interstitial (Oi) and the gallium-oxygen-gallium (Ga-O-Ga) defect, most likely due to oxygen interstitial-arsenic vacancy complex, were monitored using localized vibrational mode absorption. The Ga-O-Ga center dissociates at temperatures above 650 °C resulting in an increase of the Oi concentration. Using the known oscillator strength of Ga-O-Ga transition, the calibration factor between integrated absorption and concentration of isolated oxygen interstitial was determined to be 8×1016 cm−1. The observed increase of absorption bands of both defects after high-temperature annealing indicates that other types of oxygen-containing defects are present.
Haem oxygenase limits Mycobacterium marinum infection‐induced detrimental ferrostatin‐sensitive cell death in zebrafish (2021)

Iron homeostasis is essential for both sides of the host-pathogen interface. Restricting access of iron slows bacterial growth while iron is also a necessary cofactor for host immunity. Haem oxygenase 1 (HMOX1) is a critical regulator of iron homeostasis that catalyses the liberation of iron during degradation of haem. It is also a stress-responsive protein that can be rapidly upregulated and confers protection to the host. Although a protective role of HMOX1 has been demonstrated in a variety of diseases, the role of HMOX1 in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is equivocal across experiments with different host-pathogen combinations. Here, we use the natural host-pathogen pairing of the zebrafish-Mycobacterium marinum infection platform to study the role of zebrafish haem oxygenase in mycobacterial infection. We identify zebrafish Hmox1a as the relevant functional paralog of mammalian HMOX1 and demonstrate a conserved role for Hmox1a in protecting the host from M. marinum infection. Using genetic and chemical tools, we show zebrafish Hmox1a protects the host against M. marinum infection by reducing infection-induced iron accumulation and ferrostatin-sensitive cell death.
Nearest Centroid Error Clustering for radial/elliptical basis function neural networks in timbre classification (2005)

This paper presents a neural network approach for classification of musical instrument sounds through Radial and Elliptical Basic Functions. In particular, we discuss a novel automatic network fine-tuning method called Nearest Centroid Error Clustering (NCC) which determines a robust number of centroids for improved system performance. 829 monophonic sound examples from the string, brass, and woodwind families were used. A number of different performance techniques, dynamics, and pitches were utilized in training and testing the system resulting in 71 % correct individual instrument classification (12 classes) and 88 % correct instrument family (3 classes) classification. 1.
Exploratory Methodology for Acquiring Architectural Plans Based on Spatial Graph Similarity (2015)

In architectural planning, previous cases of similar spatial program provide important data for architectural design. Case-based reasoning (CBR) paradigm in the field of architectural design is closely related to the designing behavior of a planner who makes use of similar architectural designs and spatial programs in the past. In CBR, spatial graph can be constituted with most fundamental data, which can provide a method of searching spatial program by using visual graphs. This study developed a system for CBR that can analyze the similarity through graph comparison and search for buildings. This is an integrated system that is able to compare space similarity of different buildings and analyze their types, in addition to the analysis on a space within a single structure.
Nitroxide mediated free radical polymerization process – autopolymerization (1995)

Abstract The autopolymerization of styrene in the presence of TEMPO (2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐1‐piperidinyloxy free radical), with and without organic acids, such as benzoic acid and camphorsulfonic acid, was studied. Broad polydispersities are obtained in the absence of acid, whereas narrower polydispersities are obtained in their presence. The significance of these results for the synthesis of narrow polydispersity polystyrene by the TEMPO‐mediated living polymerization process is discussed.
Multiple Trojan horse systems and covert channel analysis (2002)

The multiple Trojan horse system is a finite-state deterministic model with a high-level transmitter Trojan horse process, a low-level receiver Trojan horse process, and m conspiring Trojan horse processes. The conspiring processes attempt to aid the downgrading of data from the transmitter to the receiver. The capacity of a multiple Trojan horse system is a measure of the amount of information the high-level process can disclose to the low-level process. Any controlled signalling system can be viewed as a multiple Trojan horse system. The author gives an optimality equation which gives a way to recursively construct optimal strategies for both the receiver and conspiring processes. Computer algorithms can be constructed to iteratively compute the capacity and optimal strategies.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
2,3,3,3‐Tetrafluoropropene (HFO‐1234yf) as a CF3‐Building Block: Synthesis of Enol Ethers and Vinyl Sulfides (2019)

2,3,3,3‐Tetrafluoropropene (HFO‐1234yf) is an inexpensive and readily available fluorinated building block, owing to its growing use as a low global warming potential 4 th generation refrigerant, but there have so far been few reported uses of this fluoroalkene in organic synthesis. Herein, we report our investigations into nucleophilic substitution reactions of HFO‐1234yf with alkoxide and thiolate derivatives. The regiochemistry of these transformations varies with conditions and we propose these reactions proceed through addition–elimination with reversible formation of a carbanion intermediate. The regioselectivity is dictated by hard/soft nucleophile/electrophile control. This is supported by deuterium trapping of the proposed reactive intermediate. The effect of solvent and base choice was examined and the substrate scope for the synthesis of α‐trifluoromethyl enol ethers was expanded.
Methods of detection using a cellulose binding domain fusion product (2023)

A cellulose binding domain (CBD) having a high affinity for crystalline cellulose and chitin is disclosed, along with methods for the molecular cloning and recombinant production thereof. Fusion products comprising the CBD and a second protein are likewise described. A wide range of applications are contemplated for both the CBD and the fusion products, including drug delivery, affinity separations, and diagnostic techniques.
Reduction in waiting time for diagnosis and treatment of head and neck cancer – a fast track study (2011)

The current project has shown that it is possible to reduce waiting times in head and neck cancer. Through logistic changes, employment of a full-time case manager, strengthening the multidisciplinary tumor board and giving higher priority for head and neck cancer patients, the overall time from first suspicion of cancer until treatment start was reduced from 57 calendar days to 29 calendar days.
Image analysis based mass transfer measurement in droplet breakage phenomenon (2021)

The effect of droplet breakage on mass transfer in copper solvent extraction was studied by measuring concentrations directly inside a droplet. Single organic phase droplet was rising through the aqueous copper sulphate solution. Organic phase consisted of hydroxyoxime type copper extractant dissolved into hydrocarbon diluent. The droplet collided with steel blade and was cut as it elongates and eventually breaks up. Droplet breakage was recorded on the video. Droplet sizes, velocities and concentrations were determined using image analysis of video frames. Results indicate that droplet breakup enhances mass transfer. Breakage and mass transfer times are short and mass transfer due to pure diffusion alone does not explain excess mass transfer. This is proposed to be due to extractant absorption on newly forming interface, which leads to increased extraction. Although measured droplet sizes are much larger than those formed in mixed tanks, the results provide insights for industrial copper extraction intensification.
MARCH Proteins Mediate Responses to Antitumor Antibodies (2020)

CD98, which is required for the rapid proliferation of both normal and cancer cells, and MET, the hepatocyte growth factor receptor, are potential targets for therapeutic antitumor Abs. In this study, we report that the antiproliferative activity of a prototype anti-CD98 Ab, UM7F8, is due to Ab-induced membrane-associated ring CH (MARCH) E3 ubiquitin ligase-mediated ubiquitination and downregulation of cell surface CD98. MARCH1-mediated ubiquitination of CD98 is required for UM7F8's capacity to reduce CD98 surface expression and its capacity to inhibit the proliferation of murine T cells. Similarly, CD98 ubiquitination is required for UM7F8's capacity to block the colony-forming ability of murine leukemia-initiating cells. To test the potential generality of the paradigm that MARCH E3 ligases can mediate the antiproliferative response to antitumor Abs, we examined the potential effects of MARCH proteins on responses to emibetuzumab, an anti-MET Ab currently in clinical trials for various cancers. We report that MET surface expression is reduced by MARCH1, 4, or 8-mediated ubiquitination and that emibetuzumab-induced MET ubiquitination contributes to its capacity to downregulate MET and inhibit human tumor cell proliferation. Thus, MARCH E3 ligases can act as cofactors for antitumor Abs that target cell surface proteins, suggesting that the MARCH protein repertoire of cells is a determinant of their response to such Abs.
Fertility preservation in an adolescent with Turner syndrome (2015)

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Evaluation of n+a-Si Contact with Indium Tin Oxide by X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Valence Band Measurement (1999)

We investigated the cause of the high resistance in a contact structure of phosphorus-doped amorphous silicon (n + a-Si) with indium tin oxide (ITO) for thin-film transistor liquid crystal displays (TFT-LCDs). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) valence band analysis for this interface was newly developed. TFT-LCD fabrication processes could be simplified by using ITO in pixels as the drain contact electrode. One problem of this drain structure was the increase in electrical resistance associated with annealing. XPS valence band measurements of the n + a-Si/ITO structure revealed that the upper edge of the Si valence band shifted to a lower binding energy after annealing at 250°C. These results suggest that the increase in electrical resistance was mainly caused by the increase in contact resistance. The above-mentioned result was also confirmed by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) analysis and resistance measurements.
Central Role of Metabolism in Endothelial Cell Function and Vascular Disease (2017)

The importance of endothelial cell (EC) metabolism and its regulatory role in the angiogenic behavior of ECs during vessel formation and in the function of different EC subtypes determined by different vascular beds has been recognized only in the last few years. Even more importantly, apart from a role of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species in EC dysfunction, deregulations of EC metabolism in disease only recently received increasing attention. Although comprehensive metabolic characterization of ECs still needs further investigation, the concept of targeting EC metabolism to treat vascular disease is emerging. In this overview, we summarize EC-specific metabolic pathways, describe the current knowledge on their deregulation in vascular diseases, and give an outlook on how vascular endothelial metabolism can serve as a target to normalize deregulated endothelium.
Photoswitchable Conjugated Oligoelectrolytes for a Light‐Induced Change of Membrane Morphology (2020)

Abstract The synthesis of a new conjugated oligoelectrolyte (COE), namely DSAzB, is described, which contains a conjugated core bearing a diazene moiety in the center of its electronically delocalized structure. Similar to structurally related phenylenevinylene‐based COEs, DSAzB readily intercalates into model and natural lipid bilayer membranes. Photoinduced isomerization transforms the linear trans COE into a bent or C‐shape form. It is thereby possible to introduce DSAzB into the bilayer of a cell and disrupt its integrity by irradiation with light. This leads to controlled permeabilization of membranes, as demonstrated by the release of calcein from DMPG/DMPC vesicles and by propidium iodide influx experiments on S. epidermidis. Both experiments support that the permeabilization is selective for the light stimulus, highly efficient, and repeatable. Target‐selective and photoinduced actions demonstrated by DSAzB may have broad applications in biocatalysis and related biotechnologies.
A channel drop filter using a single defect in a 2-D photonic crystal slab - Defect engineering with respect to polarization mode and ratio of emissions from upper and lower sides (2003)

A detailed theoretical analysis of defect engineering in a channel drop filter consisting of a single point defect near a waveguide in a two-dimensional (2-D) photonic crystal (PC) slab is presented. Initially, engineering of the point defect to control the polarization modes of emitted light is examined. By introducing an elliptical defect laterally shifted from the PC lattice, a single linearly polarized light mode can be selected to emit the majority of light, whereas light emitted from the original circular defect is made up of a range of linearly polarized modes. It is also shown that the ratio of light emitted from the top and bottom side of the defect can be improved considerably by introducing a defect with a stepped section along the vertical axis, thereby increasing the net efficiency of the device.
Diversity-Oriented Synthesis Probe TargetsPlasmodium falciparumCytochrome b Ubiquinone Reduction Site and Synergizes With Oxidation Site Inhibitors (2014)

The cytochrome b oxidation center is a validated antimalarial target. We show that the reduction site of cytochrome b is also a druggable target. Our results demonstrating a synergistic relationship between oxidation and reduction site inhibitors suggests a future strategy for new combination therapies in the treatment of malaria.
Role of tRNA Gene Structure in Transcription and Processing (1983)

The expression of eukaryotic tRNA genes involves a series of steps. The polymerase III transcripts are subjected to posttranscriptional processing, which includes removal of extra nucleotides from the 5′ and 3′ ends, addition of CCA to the 3′ terminus, nucleotide modifications, and, in some cases, excision of an intervening sequence (for review, see Abelson 1979).
Search for Higgs boson decays to beyond-the-Standard-Model light bosons in four-lepton events with the ATLAS detector at $$ \sqrt{s}=13 $$ TeV (2018)

A bstract A search is conducted for a beyond-the-Standard-Model boson using events where a Higgs boson with mass 125 GeV decays to four leptons (ℓ = e or μ ). This decay is presumed to occur via an intermediate state which contains one or two on-shell, promptly decaying bosons: H → ZX/XX → 4ℓ, where X is a new vector boson Z d or pseudoscalar a with mass between 1 and 60 GeV. The search uses pp collision data collected with the ATLAS detector at the LHC with an integrated luminosity of 36.1 fb −1 at a centre-of-mass energy $$ \sqrt{s}=13 $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msqrt> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> </mml:msqrt> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>13</mml:mn> </mml:math> TeV. No significant excess of events above Standard Model background predictions is observed; therefore, upper limits at 95% confidence level are set on modelindependent fiducial cross-sections, and on the Higgs boson decay branching ratios to vector and pseudoscalar bosons in two benchmark models.
Life‐Limiting Behavior and Life Management of SiC‐Based Composites (2015)

Anticipated in-service degradation of SiC-based fibrous ceramic composites is reviewed and discussed. It is expected that components used in normal service in combustion atmospheres will degrade by way of minor local matrix cracking permitting crack growth through fatigue-assisted internal environmental degradation. The discussion includes intermediate temperature effects, fatigue mechanisms, and expected interaction of fatigue and oxidation. Aspects of life management and design for improved life are considered.
Penetration depth variation in atomic layer deposition on multiwalled carbon nanotube forests (2019)

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) of Al2O3 on tall multiwalled carbon nanotube forests shows concentration variation with depth in discrete steps. While ALD is capable of extremely conformal deposition in high aspect ratio structures, decreasing penetration depth has been observed over multiple thermal ALD cycles on 1.3 mm tall multiwalled carbon nanotube forests. Scanning electron microscopy imaging with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy elemental analysis shows steps of decreasing intensity corresponding to decreasing concentrations of Al2O3. A study of these steps suggests that they are produced by a combination of diffusion limited precursor delivery and the increase in precursor adsorption site density due to nuclei growing during the ALD process. This conceptual model has been applied to modify literature models for ALD penetration on high aspect ratio structures, allowing two parameters to be extracted from the experimental data. The Knudsen diffusion constant for trimethylaluminum (TMA) in these carbon nanotube forests has been found to be 0.3 cm2 s−1. From the profile of the Al2O3 concentration, the sticking coefficient of TMA in the TMA/water thermal ALD process was found to be 0.003.