gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Parameter Estimation in Directional Audio Coding Using Linear Microphone Arrays (2011)

Directional Audio Coding (DirAC) provides an efficient description of spatial sound in terms of few audio down mix signals and parametric side information, namely the Direction Of Arrival (DOA) and the diffuseness of the sound. Traditionally, the parameters are derived based on the active sound intensity vector which is often determined via 2D or 3D microphone grids. Adapting this estimation strategy to linear arrays, which are preferred in various applications due to form factor constraints, yields comparatively poor results. This paper proposes to replace the intensity based DOA estimation in DirAC by a specific estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques, namely ESPRIT. Moreover, a diffuseness estimator exploiting the correlation between the array sensors is presented. Experimental results show that the DirAC concept can be applied in practice also in conjunction with linear arrays.
Erratum: “Grain boundary diffusivity of Ni in Au thin films and the associated degradation in electrical contact resistance due to surface oxide film formation” [J. Appl. Phys. 113, 114906 (2013)] (2013)

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RAFT dispersion polymerization of N,N-dimethylacrylamide in a series of n-alkanes using a thermoresponsive poly(tert-octyl acrylamide) steric stabilizer (2021)

Poly(<italic>tert</italic>-octyl acrylamide)-poly(<italic>N</italic>,<italic>N</italic>-dimethylacrylamide) nanoparticles are prepared by RAFT dispersion polymerization at 70 °C in various <italic>n</italic>-alkanes. Thermoreversible flocculation occurs in higher <italic>n</italic>-alkanes on cooling to 20 °C.
Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With Obesity (2008)

Catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation was effective in obese patients. Coexistence of atrial fibrillation and obesity indicated lower SF-36 scores, but the improvement in quality of life was consistent across all body mass index categories.
Scientific discrepancies in European regulatory proposals on endocrine disruptors—REACH regulation quo vadis? (2021)

The EU chemical strategy for sustainability places a high focus on endocrine-disrupting chemicals (ED), the importance of their identification with increased testing and a ban in consumer products by a generic approach. It is assumed that for ED no threshold and hence no safe dose exists, leading to this generic approach. This view appears to be linked to the claim that for ED 'low-dose non-monotonic dose response' (low-dose NMDR) effects are observed. Without this hypothesis, there are no scientific reasons why classical risk assessment cannot be applied to the ED mode-of-action. Thus, whether for ED low-dose NMDR effects are considered a reproducible scientific fact by European authorities is Gretchen's question in this politicized field. Recent documents by the SCCS, EFSA and ECHA reviewed herein illustrate the diverging views within European scientific bodies on this issue. Furthermore, ED researchers never replicated findings on low-dose NMDR in blinded inter-laboratory experiments and the CLARITY-BPA core studies could not find evidence for reproducible NMDR for BPA. ECHA proposes a battery of in vitro tests to test all chemicals for ED properties. However, these tests were never validated for relevance and their high positivity rate could lead to increased follow-up animal testing. Based on (i) lack of reproducibility data for low-dose NMDR, (ii) diverging views within European authorities on NMDR and (iii) lack of fully validated in vitro test methods it might be premature to fast-track the wide-ranging changes in the regulatory landscape proposed by the authorities ultimately leading to drastically increased animal testing.
Imprinting Graphene on Polymer Substrates via Coextrusion (2020)

We have demonstrated the concept of imprinting graphene on a polymer substrate via coextrusion of polypropylene/graphene (PP/G) composite and target polymers. First, we predicted by wetting coefficients that carbon nanotubes (CNTs) or graphene would prefer to localize in polyethylene (PE), polycarbonate (PC), or polystyrene (PS) over PP. On the basis of this hypothesis, we laminated target polymer substrates with PP/CNT or PP/G to verify the concept of imprinting prior to the coextrusion experiments. Fillers migrated from PP to target polymers exhibiting electrical conductivity at their surfaces. Migration was promoted by elevated temperature, long interfacial contact time, or applied pressure. We speculate that migration is driven by wetting of the fillers and their translational Brownian motion. The coextrusion process was mimicked by a dual-bore capillary rheometer with a miniature coextrusion die. Capillary coextrusion successfully transferred graphene from PP to the surface of PE, PC, or PS, in <10 s contact time, resulting in surface resistivity as low as ∼105 ohm/sq. In the process, the graphene-loaded PP is stripped off and can be recycled. Lower resistance should be possible in an industrial process which can run at higher temperature. Imprinting via coextrusion could be a universal and recyclable process for fabricating functional substrates with surfaces coated with nanosized fillers of any kind.
High Efficiency Surface-Emitting Distributed Bragg Reflector Laser Array (1988)

There has been considerable interest in surface-emitting laser diodes, because they are potentially very important for one- and two-dimensional monolithic laser arrays. There are several approaches to achieve surface-emitting lasers, such as (a) vertical resonator cavity [1], (b) 45° mirror [2], (c) parabolic mirror [3], and (d) grating-coupler [4-7]. Among them, grating-coupled lasers have the advantages of a narrow beam divergence and a dynamic single mode operation. However, the quantum efficiencies of grating-coupled lasers have been low. The maximum differential quantum efficiencies reported so far were 8% in distributed feedback (DFB) lasers [6] and 9% in distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) lasers [7]. In this paper, we report a three-stripe surface-emitting multiquantum well (MQW) DBR laser array with a very high differential quantum efficiency of 37% and a high output power of 500mW.
Fe(III)-Catalysis in Flow Enables Bimolecular Proton Transfer as an Alternative to Superelectrophiles in Carbonyl-Olefin Metathesis (2022)

Catalytic carbonyl-olefin metathesis has emerged as a new strategy for the direct formation of carbon–carbon double bonds. Successful approaches for ring-closing carbonyl-olefin metathesis exist, but limitations remain in accessing systems larger than 5-membered rings. Currently available strategies rely on Lewis acidic superelectrophiles as stronger catalysts, which require precious metal additives for their formation upon chloride abstraction from otherwise environmentally benign metal salts, such as FeCl3. Herein we report the development of a continuous flow reactor that overcomes this challenge and can access 6-membered rings using FeCl3 as the Lewis acid catalyst. The plug-flow reactor design is user friendly, benchtop amenable, and demonstrates up to 200x improved reaction efficiency over batch conditions. Computational investigations reveal that this transformation proceeds through an unprecedented bimolecular stepwise pathway via intermolecular proton transfer. These insights represent a significant advance for catalytic carbonyl–olefin metathesis and are expected to spur future developments in catalyst design and reaction scope.
Calcium receptor messenger ribonucleic acid levels in the parathyroid glands and kidney of vitamin D-deficient rats are not regulated by plasma calcium or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. (1995)

The level of extracellular ionized calcium ([Ca2+]o) is the primary physiological regulator of PTH secretion. Complementary DNAs encoding the calcium receptor (CaR) protein that mediates this response have been cloned from bovine and human parathyroid glands. This protein is a seven-transmembrane, G-protein-coupled receptor linked to the mobilization of intracellular Ca2+ in response to increases in [Ca2+]o. More recently, a rat kidney CaR has been cloned and shown to be 92% identical at the amino acid level to the bovine parathyroid CaR. Homologous or heterologous regulation of the expression and/or function of a variety of G-protein-coupled receptors has been documented in numerous cell types. Therefore, we determined whether [Ca2+]o and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3], major regulators of PTH synthesis and secretion, affect CaR gene expression in parathyroid gland and kidney in rats. CaR messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were quantified in pairs of parathyroid glands and single kidneys from individual animals using a solution hybridization assay. The effects of Ca2+ and 1,25-(OH)2D3 on CaR gene expression were assessed independently in vitamin D-deficient (-D) rats. A wide range of plasma Ca2+ levels (0.7-1.9 mM) was produced by supplementing -D diets with varying amounts of calcium and by infusing CaCl2 i.v. for 7 days using osmotic minipumps. There was no correlation between plasma Ca2+ levels and steady state CaR mRNA levels in parathyroid gland (r = -0.18) or kidney (r = 0.25). In another group of -D rats, 1,25-(OH)2D3 was infused sc at 25 and 275 ng/kg.day for 10-12 days. Dietary calcium was adjusted to maintain normocalcemia in some of the groups. No effect of 1,25-(OH)2D3 administration on CaR mRNA levels occurred in parathyroid glands or kidney regardless of the resultant plasma Ca2+ or 1,25-(OH)2D3 levels. In conclusion, neither parathyroid gland nor kidney CaR mRNA levels are regulated by plasma Ca2+ and 1,25-(OH)2D3 levels in the experimental models examined here.
Quantitative Analysis of Kinase-Proximal Signaling in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Innate Immune Response (2010)

The innate immune system senses invariant microbial components via toll-like receptors (TLRs) to elicit a host defense program against invading pathogens. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a constituent of Gram-negative bacteria, is recognized by TLR4 and triggers protein kinase signaling to orchestrate immune responses such as inflammatory cytokine production. To analyze kinase-proximal signaling in murine macrophages, we performed prefractionation experiments with immobilized kinase inhibitors to enrich for protein kinases and their interaction partners. In conjunction with SILAC-based quantitative mass spectrometry and phosphopeptide enrichment, we recorded five time point profiles for more than 850 distinct phosphorylation events on protein kinases and copurifying factors. More than 15% exhibited significant changes and many of those mapped to LPS-regulated kinase networks. We identified many unreported TLR signaling events including LPS-triggered phosphorylations of Akt substrates, which point to previously unknown molecular mechanisms in innate immune response. We further detected extensive phosphoregulation of TANK-binding kinase 1, inhibitor of nuclear factor-kappaB kinase epsilon and their associating scaffolding factors, and none of these events were known despite the key roles of these proteins in LPS signaling. Thus, our data expands previous knowledge for functional analyses of innate immune response.
Adaptive silver films for surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy of biomolecules (2005)

Abstract The interaction of biological molecules with a typical substrate for surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) often leads to their structural and functional changes. In this paper we describe SERS substrates, called adaptive silver films (ASFs), in which the biomaterial and the substrate act in concert to produce excellent Raman enhancement through local restructuring of the metal surface while at the same time preserving the properties (such as conformational state and binding activity) of the analyte. These adaptive substrates show great promise for SERS spectroscopy of many different types of biomolecules, and we provide several current examples of their use. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Towards CEP-stable single-cycle pulses with microjoule-level energy at 8 MHz repetition rate (2021)

Low-noise trains of few-fs pulses are widely used for studying and controlling ultrafast dynamics in matter. Microjoule-level pulse energies are often more than sufficient to trigger and observe these dynamics, and repetition rates in the few MHz range allow reduced acquisition times and improved signal-to-noise ratios—crucial for studies of processes with low-interaction cross-sections. The latest generation of fibre lasers can provide ultrashort pulses with stable carrier-envelope phase (CEP) at unprecedented energies and hundreds of kHz repetition rates [1] , [2] . However, because the generated pulses are hundreds of fs long, multiple compression stages are required to reach the few fs regime, thus increasing the system complexity and reducing the throughput efficiency.
An Environment Compensated Maximum Likelihood Training Approach Based on Stochastic Vector Mapping (2006)

Several recent approaches for robust speech recognition are developed based on the concept of stochastic vector mapping (SVM) that perform a frame-dependent bias removal to compensate for environmental variabilities in both training and recognition stages. Some of them require stereo recordings of both clean and noisy speech for the estimation of SVM function parameters. In this paper, we present a detailed formulation of a maximum likelihood training approach for the joint design of SVM function parameters and HMM parameters of a speech recognizer that does not rely on the availability of stereo training data. Its learning behavior and effectiveness is demonstrated by using the experimental results on the Aurora3 Finnish connected digits database recorded by using both close-talking and hands-free microphones in cars.
Heterogeneous bonding and alignment of InP-based Photonic Crystal lasers coupled to Silicon-On-Insulator wire waveguides (2009)

The integration of 2D III-V InP-based photonic crystal and silicon wire waveguides is achieved through an accurate alignment of the two optical levels using mix-and-match DUV/electron beam lithography. The adhesively bonded structures exhibit an enhancement of light emission at frequencies where low group velocity modes of the photonic crystal line defect waveguides occur. Pulsed laser operation is obtained from these modes at room temperature under optical pumping. The laser light is coupled out of the Si waveguide via grating couplers directly to single mode fibre. © 2009 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: ?]
SUPPRESSION OF RENAL CELL CARCINOMA GROWTH AND METASTASIS WITH SUSTAINED ANTIANGIOGENIC GENE THERAPY (2008)

You have accessJournal of Urology1 Apr 2008SUPPRESSION OF RENAL CELL CARCINOMA GROWTH AND METASTASIS WITH SUSTAINED ANTIANGIOGENIC GENE THERAPY Matthew J Mellon, Kyung-Hee Bae, Catherine E Steding, Chinghai Kao, and Thomas A Gardner Matthew J MellonMatthew J Mellon More articles by this author , Kyung-Hee BaeKyung-Hee Bae More articles by this author , Catherine E StedingCatherine E Steding More articles by this author , Chinghai KaoChinghai Kao More articles by this author , and Thomas A GardnerThomas A Gardner More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(08)60107-XAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "SUPPRESSION OF RENAL CELL CARCINOMA GROWTH AND METASTASIS WITH SUSTAINED ANTIANGIOGENIC GENE THERAPY." The Journal of Urology, 179(4S), p. 35 © 2008 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 179Issue 4SApril 2008Page: 35 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2008 by American Urological AssociationMetrics Author Information Matthew J Mellon More articles by this author Kyung-Hee Bae More articles by this author Catherine E Steding More articles by this author Chinghai Kao More articles by this author Thomas A Gardner More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Elimination of Axillary-Lymph-Node Metastases in a Patient With Invasive Lobular Breast Cancer Treated by First-line Neo-adjuvant Chemotherapy Combined With Methionine Restriction (2022)

Combination therapy of doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide followed by docetaxel combined with methionine restriction led to a remarkable complete response that is expected in fewer than 10% of patients with ILC of the breast treated with neo-adjuvant chemotherapy alone. The present results suggest that methionine restriction in combination with doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide followed by docetaxel may be effective, after METPET has demonstrated the presence of methionine-addicted axillary-lymph-node metastases in ILC of the breast.
New 9-methyl-8-(4-hydroxyphenyl)adenine derivatives as A1 adenosine receptor antagonists (2011)

A new series of 9-methyladenines, bearing different bulky groups at the 8-position, were prepared and their affinity for the four human adenosine receptor subtypes were evaluated. All the synthesized compounds showed affinities at the A 1 , A 2A , and A 3 AR subtypes ranging from nanomolar to micromolar levels with different degrees of A 1 selectivity, while they resulted nearly inactive at A 2B AR. In particular, 9-methyl-8-[4-(4-methylbenzyloxy)phenyl]- adenine showed A 1 AR affinity in the nanomolar range and good levels of selectivity versus the other receptor subtypes. Furthermore, a functional assay at mouse ileum allowed to assess the potency of selected compounds at A 1 AR subtype. Results showed that all the tested derivatives are neutral antagonists and their K b values are in good agreement with the K i values from radioligand binding assay at human A 1 AR, confirming that the effect is due to inhibition of this subtype.
Vitamin D and cardiovascular prevention (2016)

Vitamin D represents the precursor of calcitriol, crucial for bone and mineral metabolism. The high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and the detection of vitamin D receptor (VDR) both in the heart and vessels have focused the interest on potential cardiovascular effects of vitamin D. Although several experimental data showed the protective role of vitamin D, on the other hand vitamin D “overdose” can contribute to heart and vascular calcification. Meta-analyses of randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) underlined the association of vitamin D deficiency and increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality but no significant improvements on cardiovascular outcomes are provided by the supplementation of vitamin D. The following review provides an update on pathophysiology of vitamin D and vitamin D receptor (VDR) discussing on the association with cardiovascular risk factors and disease and on the role of vitamin D supplementation in preventing cardiovascular disease in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients.&nbsp;(Cardionephrology)
Zeaxanthin‐based dietary supplement and topical serum improve hydration and reduce wrinkle count in female subjects (2016)

We have shown that the combination of zeaxanthin-based dietary supplement plus a topical formulation produces superior hydration to that of placebo. Additionally, we have shown that the combination of oral and topical combination vs. oral alone has superior abilities to improve parameters associated with facial lines and wrinkles compared to placebo, although the dietary supplement alone proved most effective in reducing wrinkle count and severity.
Development of High-Throughput Screening Assay for Antihantaviral Therapeutics (2017)

Humans acquire hantavirus infection by the inhalation of aerosolized excreta of infected rodent hosts. There is no treatment for hantavirus diseases at present. Therapeutic intervention during early stages of viral infection can improve the outcome of this zoonotic viral illness. The interaction between an evolutionary conserved sequence at the 5' terminus of hantaviral genomic RNA and hantavirus nucleocapsid protein plays a critical role in the hantavirus replication cycle. This unique interaction is a novel target for therapeutic intervention of hantavirus disease. We developed a very sensitive, tractable, and cost-effective fluorescence-based assay to monitor the interaction between the nucleocapsid protein and the target RNA sequence. The assay was optimized for high-throughput screening of chemical libraries to identify molecules that interrupt this RNA-protein interaction. The assay was validated using a library of 6880 chemical compounds. This validation screen demonstrated the reproducibility and validity of required statistical criteria for high-throughput screening. The assay is ready to use for high-throughput screening of large chemical libraries to identify antihantaviral therapeutic molecules and can be amenable to similar targets in other viruses.
The Relationship Between Systemic and Whole-Body Hematocrit Is Not Constant during Ultrafiltration on Hemodialysis (2004)

The measurement of relative blood volume (RBV) changes during ultrafiltration assume a constant mass and distribution of circulating blood components such as hematocrit. The authors examine the validity of this assumption in 10 subjects undergoing repeated direct measurements of systemic hematocrit and plasma volume (PV(icg)) using indocyanine green dilution at four stages of dialysis with intermittent ultrafiltration. Ultrasonic RBV changes were monitored. Absolute blood volumes (ABV) were initially derived for each PV(icg) estimate, and corresponding measured systemic hematocrit was adjusted by a factor of 0.86 to correct for the difference between the systemic and whole-body hematocrit (constant Fcell ratio). PV(icg) and ABV changes correlated closely (R = 0.98; P <0.001). ABV changes overestimated reduction in PV(icg) during ultrafiltration (mean difference, -140 +/- 202 ml). The calculated red cell mass however was variable (P <0.01). Fcell ratio was then adjusted at each blood volume measurement (Fcell(1), 0.87 +/- 0.02; Fcell(2), 0.89 +/- 0.03; Fcell(3), 0.94 +/- 0.06; Fcell(4), 0.94 +/- 0.04; P <0.01) to maintain a constant red cell mass (2146 +/- 460 ml). When ABV was recalculated using PV(icg), systemic hematocrit and variable Fcell (ABV(Fvariable)), the mean difference between PV(icg) changes and ABV(Fvariable) changes, was negligible (-0.2 +/- 35 ml). During intermittent ultrafiltration, RBV changes systematically underestimated the percentage reduction in ABV (mean difference, 7.7 +/- 10.6%). When corrected for variations in Fcell, ABV(Fvariable) and RBV differences were negligible (mean difference 1.2 +/- 2.6%). Varying Fcell ratio probably reflects microvascular volume change with net fluid shift from the microcirculation to macrocirculation (intravascular refill). This may result in underestimation of changes in systemic hematocrit and RBV during dialysis such that they were less than those predicted by directly measured changes in plasma volume.
Monitoring Genetic Population Biomarkers for Wastewater-Based Epidemiology (2017)

We report a rapid "sample-to-answer" platform that can be used for the quantitative monitoring of genetic biomarkers within communities through the analysis of wastewater. The assay is based on the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) of nucleic acid biomarkers and shows for the first time the ability to rapidly quantify human-specific mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from raw untreated wastewater samples. mtDNA provides a model population biomarker associated with carcinogenesis including breast, renal and gastric cancers. To enable a sample-to-answer, field-based technology, we integrated a filter to remove solid impurities and perform DNA extraction and enrichment into a low cost lateral flow-based test. We demonstrated mtDNA detection over seven consecutive days, achieving a limit of detection of 40 copies of human genomic DNA per reaction volume. The assay can be performed at the site of sample collection, with minimal user intervention, yielding results within 45 min and providing a method to monitor public health from wastewater.