gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DARK Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: U-47700 (2020)

U-47700, 3,4-dichloro-<i>N</i>-((1<i>R</i>,2<i>R</i>)-2-(dimethylamino)cyclohexyl)-<i>N</i>-methyl benzamide, is a novel synthetic opioid (NSO), discovered by the Upjohn company in the late 1970s. With potent <i>in vivo</i> activity, ∼10-times greater than that of morphine, U-47700 has become a drug of widespread abuse due to its ease of synthesis and, until recently, lack of robust detection methods by law enforcement. U-47700 has been found in counterfeit oxycodone tablets and is a key ingredient in "gray death." Due to its emergence worldwide in the past 5 years, it is now a Schedule I drug in the United States and similarly designated around the world; moreover, at autopsy, U-47700 was found to have contributed to the death of the pop artist Prince. This Review will capture the >40 year history of U-47700 and go in-depth regarding the synthesis, medicinal chemistry, <i>in vitro</i>/<i>in vivo</i> pharmacology, drug metabolism (from postmortem overdose cases), and societal impact of this <b><i>DARK</i></b> Classic in chemical neuroscience.
Posttherapy [18F] Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography in Carcinoma of the Cervix: Response and Outcome (2004)

Posttherapy abnormal FDG uptake (persistent or new) as detected by whole-body PET measures tumor response and might be predictive of tumor recurrence and death from cervical cancer. Prospective validation of these results is warranted.
One step solution for high molecular weight protein depletion and selective enrichment of low molecular weight proteins using functionalized magnetic beads (2012)

The highly efficient desiccation-induced quenching in the poikilohydric lichen Parmelia sulcata has been studied by ultrafast fluorescence spectroscopy at room temperature (r.t.) and cryogenic temperatures in order to elucidate the quenching mechanism(s) and kinetic reaction models. Analysis of the r.t. data by kinetic target analysis reveals that two different quenching mechanisms contribute to the protection of photosystem II (PS II). The first mechanism is a direct quenching of the PS II antenna and is related to the characteristic F740 nm fluorescence band. Based on the temperature dependence of its spectra and the kinetics, this mechanism is proposed to reflect the formation of a fluorescent (F740) chlorophyll-chlorophyll charge-transfer state. It is discussed in relation to a similar fluorescence band and quenching mechanism observed in light-induced nonphotochemical quenching in higher plants. The second and more efficient quenching process (providing more than 70% of the total PS II quenching) is shown to involve an efficient spillover (energy transfer) from PS II to PS I which can be prevented by a short glutaraldehyde treatment. Desiccation causes a thylakoid-membrane rearrangement which brings into direct contact the PS II and PS I units. The energy transferred to PS I in the spillover process is then quenched highly efficiently in PS I due to the formation of a long-lived P700(+) state in the dried state in the light. As a consequence, both PS II and PS I are protected very efficiently against photodestruction. This dual quenching mechanism is supported by the low temperature kinetics data.
Régulation de la plasticité dans le cortex auditif par l’expérience sensorielle (2009)

21 NO UV EL LE S M AG AZ IN E 3. Heemers HV, Tindall DJ. Androgen receptor (AR) coregulators: a diversity of functions converging on and regulating the AR transcriptional complex. Endocrinol Rev 2007 ; 28 : 778-808. 4. Kaarbo M, Klokk TI, Saatcioglu F. Androgen signaling and its interactions with other signaling pathways in prostate cancer. Bioessays 2007 ; 29 : 1227-38. 5. Grisendi S, Bernardi R, Rossi M, et al. Role of nucleophosmin in embryonic development and tumorigenesis. Nature 2005 ; 437 : 147-53. 6. Grisendi S, Mecucci C, Falini B, et al. Nucleophosmin and cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2006 ; 6 : 493-505. 7. Leotoing L, Meunier L, Manin M, et al. Influence of nucleophosmin/B23 on DNA binding and transcriptional activity of the androgen receptor in prostate cancer cell. Oncogene 2008 ; 27 : 2858-67. 8. Swaminathan V, Kishore AH, Febitha KK, et al. Human histone chaperone nucleophosmin enhances acetylation-dependent chromatin transcription. Mol Cell Biol 2005 ; 25 : 7534-45. 9. Fu M, Wang C, Wang J, et al. Androgen receptor acetylation governs trans activation and MEKK1induced apoptosis without affecting in vitro sumoylation and transrepression function. Mol Cell Biol 2002 ; 22 : 3373-88. 10. Jia L, Shen HC, Wantroba M, et al. Locus-wide chromatin remodeling and enhanced androgen receptor-mediated transcription in recurrent prostate tumor cells. Mol Cell Biol 2006 ; 26 : 7331-41. 11. Wissmann M, Yin N, Muller JM, et al. Cooperative demethylation by JMJD2C and LSD1 promotes androgen receptor-dependent gene expression. Nat Cell Biol 2007 ; 9 : 347-53. 12. Metzger E, Yin N, Wissmann M, et al. Phosphorylation of histone H3 at threonine 11 establishes a novel chromatin mark for transcriptional regulation. Nat Cell Biol 2008 ; 10 : 53-60. 13. Labrie F, Cusan L, Gomez JL, et al. De la biologie a la clinique : le deces du au cancer de la prostate peutil maintenant etre une exception ? Med Sci (Paris) 2003 ; 19 : 910-9. 14. Cussenot O, Cancel-Tassin G. Facteurs de risque genetiques pour le cancer de la prostate. Med Sci (Paris) 2004 ; 20 : 562-8. 15. Ray-Gallet D, Gerard A, Polo S, Almouzni G. Variations sur le theme du « code histone ». Med Sci (Paris) 2005 ; 21 : 384-9.
Prognostic value and oncogenic landscape of TP53 alterations in adult and pediatric T-ALL (2023)

International audience
Refractory coeliac sprue is a diffuse gastrointestinal disease (2003)

The immunophenotypically aberrant monoclonal IEL population present in the small intestine of patients with RCS frequently disseminates to the blood and the entire gastrointestinal epithelium, suggesting that this is a diffuse gastrointestinal disease.
A Study of BPE-based Language Modeling for Open Vocabulary Latin Language OCR (2020)

We present a study of byte pair encoding (BPE) based language modeling for open vocabulary Latin language OCR. On a large-scale handwritten English OCR task, we demonstrate that a simple BPE-based n-gram language model (LM) can deal with out-of-vocabulary word problem effectively and achieve better accuracy-footprint tradeoff than a state-of-the-art hybrid word/subword n-gram LM interpolated by a standard hybrid LM, a word-based LM, and a subword-based LM. On another large-scale printed OCR task for six Latin languages, namely English, Spanish, French, German, Italian, and Portuguese, we discover that a unified OCR system with a single character-based optical model and a single BPE-based n-gram LM shared by six languages performs better than language-dependent OCR systems. BPE-based LM offers a good product solution for both monolingual and multilingual open-vocabulary Latin language OCR.
Observation of Leakage Sites in High-k Gate Dielectrics in MOSFET Devices by Electron-Beam-Induced Current Technique (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Model checking degrees of belief in a system of agents (2014)

In this paper we present a unified framework to model and verify degrees of belief in a system of agents. In particular, we describe an extension of the temporal-epistemic logic CTLK and we introduce a semantics based on interpreted systems for this extension. In this way, degrees of beliefs do not need to be provided externally, but can be derived automatically from the possible executions of the system, thereby providing a computationally grounded formalism. We leverage the semantics to (a) construct a model checking algorithm, (b) investigate its complexity, (c) provide a Java implementation of the model checking algorithm, and (d) evaluate our approach using the standard benchmark of the dining cryptographers. Finally, we provide a detailed case study: using our framework and our implementation, we assess and verify the situational awareness of the pilot of Air France 447 flying in off-nominal conditions.
HTTP/2 Push-Based Low-Delay Live Streaming Over Mobile Networks With Stream Termination (2018)

HTTP adaptive streaming (HAS) has become popular for delivering videos over the Internet. However, most HAS services are currently based on the traditional HTTP/1.1, which has limitations for live streaming. Meanwhile, the new HTTP/2 was standardized in 2015 with many improvements. In this letter, we present a novel HTTP/2-based adaptation scheme for low-delay live streaming over mobile networks. The proposed scheme leverages two HTTP/2 features called server push and stream termination to enable a shorter camera-to-display delay. Experimental results with small buffer sizes show that our scheme can provide users with high video bitrate and stable buffer level. Furthermore, the buffer size in live streaming can be reduced to two sec without sacrificing video quality.
Genetic Variations at Four Tetrameric Tandem Repeat Loci in Korean Population (1997)

Allele and genotype frequencies for four tetrameric short tandem repeat (STR) loci, HumFES/FPS, HumFOLP23, HumGABRB15, and HumCYAR04, have been determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and subsequent polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis from approximately 200 genetically unrelated Koreans. This method allows a single base pair resolution and rapid typing with silver staining. The allele and genotype distributions satisfy Hardy-Weinberg expectation. Also, these STR loci have proven to be useful for forensic analyses and paternity tests in which the variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) loci have some limitations.
An Omics Strategy for Discovering Pulmonary Biomarkers Potentially Relevant to the Evaluation Of Tobacco products (2012)

Smoking is known to cause serious lung diseases including chronic bronchitis, chronic obstructive lung disease, obstruction of small airways, emphysema and cancer. Tobacco smoke is a complex chemical aerosol containing at least 8000 chemical constituents, either tobacco derived or added by tobacco product manufacturers. Identification of all of the toxic agents in tobacco smoke is challenging, and efforts to understand the mechanisms by which tobacco use causes disease will be informed by new biomarkers of exposure and harm. In 2009, President Obama signed into law the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act granting the US FDA the authority to regulate tobacco products to protect public health. This perspective article presents the background, rationale and strategy for using omics technologies to develop new biomarkers, which may be of interest to the FDA when implementing the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act.
Local Secondary‐Electron Emission Spectra via Scanning Probe Energy Loss Spectroscopy (2006)

The magic of SPELS: Scanning probe energy loss spectroscopy (SPELS) can be viewed as a hybrid (see figure) between scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). As the spatial resolution of SPELS is in the 10-nm regime, the way is opened to true nanometer-scale band-structure measurements.
A Metric for Evaluating Discourse Coherence based on Coreference Resolution (2012)

We propose a simple and effective metric for automatically evaluating discourse coherence of a text using the outputs of a coreference resolution model. According to the idea that a writer tends to appropriately utilise coreference relations when writing a coherent text, we introduce a metric of discourse coherence based on automatically identified coreference relations. We empirically evaluated our metric by comparing it to the entity grid modelling by Barzilay and Lapata (2008) using Japanese newspaper articles as a target data set. The results indicate that our metric better reflects discourse coherence of texts than the existing model.
Hormone replacement therapy improves contractile function and myonuclear organization of single muscle fibres from postmenopausal monozygotic female twin pairs (2013)

Ageing is associated with a decline in muscle mass and strength leading to increased physical dependency in old age. Postmenopausal women experience a greater decline than men of similar age in parallel with the decrease in female sex steroid hormone production. We recruited six monozygous female twin pairs (55-59 years old) where only one twin pair was on hormone replacement therapy (HRT use = 7.8 ± 4.3 years) to investigate the association of HRT with the cytoplasmic volume supported by individual myonuclei (myonuclear domain (MND) size,) together with specific force at the single fibre level. HRT use was associated with a significantly smaller (∼27%; P < 0.05) mean MND size in muscle fibres expressing the type I but not the IIa myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoform. In comparison to non-users, higher specific force was recorded in HRT users both in muscle fibres expressing type I (∼27%; P < 0.05) and type IIa (∼23%; P < 0.05) MyHC isoforms. These differences were fibre-type dependent, i.e. the higher specific force in fast-twitch muscle fibres was primarily caused by higher force per cross-bridge while slow-twitch fibres relied on both a higher number and force per cross-bridge. HRT use had no effect on fibre cross-sectional area (CSA), velocity of unloaded shortening (V0) and relative proportion of MyHC isoforms. In conclusion, HRT appears to have significant positive effects on both regulation of muscle contraction and myonuclei organization in postmenopausal women.
Confining the Sol‐Gel Reaction at the Water/Oil Interface: Creating Compartmentalized Enzymatic Nano‐Organelles for Artificial Cells (2022)

Abstract Living organisms compartmentalize their catalytic reactions in membranes for increased efficiency and selectivity. To mimic the organelles of eukaryotic cells, we develop a mild approach for in situ encapsulating enzymes in aqueous‐core silica nanocapsules. In order to confine the sol‐gel reaction at the water/oil interface of miniemulsion, we introduce an aminosilane to the silica precursors, which serves as both catalyst and an amphiphilic anchor that electrostatically assembles with negatively charged hydrolyzed alkoxysilanes at the interface. The semi‐permeable shell protects enzymes from proteolytic attack, and allows the transport of reactants and products. The enzyme‐carrying nanocapsules, as synthetic nano‐organelles, are able to perform cascade reactions when enveloped in a polymer vesicle, mimicking the hierarchically compartmentalized reactions in eukaryotic cells. This in situ encapsulation approach provides a versatile platform for the delivery of biomacromolecules.
The Science and Technologies for Fusion Energy With Lasers and Direct-Drive Targets (2010)

We are carrying out a multidisciplinary multi-institutional program to develop the scientific and technical basis for inertial fusion energy (IFE) based on laser drivers and direct-drive targets. The key components are developed as an integrated system, linking the science, technology, and final application of a 1000-MWe pure-fusion power plant. The science and technologies developed here are flexible enough to be applied to other size systems. The scientific justification for this work is a family of target designs (simulations) that show that direct drive has the potential to provide the high gains needed for a pure-fusion power plant. Two competing lasers are under development: the diode-pumped solid-state laser (DPPSL) and the electron-beam-pumped krypton fluoride (KrF) gas laser. This paper will present the current state of the art in the target designs and lasers, as well as the other IFE technologies required for energy, including final optics (grazing incidence and dielectrics), chambers, and target fabrication, injection, and tracking technologies. All of these are applicable to both laser systems and to other laser IFE-based concepts. However, in some of the higher performance target designs, the DPPSL will require more energy to reach the same yield as with the KrF laser.
PtCl2‐Catalyzed Rearrangement of Methylenecyclopropanes. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Intramyocardial Injections to De-Stiffen the Heart: A Subject-Specific in Silico Approach (2019)

We hypothesized that minimally invasive injections of a softening agent at strategic locations in stiff myocardium could de-stiffen the left ventricle (LV) globally. Physics-based finite element models of the LV were created from LV echocardiography images and pressures recorded during experiments in four swine. Results confirmed animal models of LV softening by systemic agents. Regional de-stiffening of myocardium led to global de-stiffening of LV. The mathematical set up was used to design LV global de-stiffening by regional softening of myocardium. At an end diastolic pressure of 23 mmHg, when 8 ml of the free wall was covered by intramyocardial injections, end diastolic volume (EDV) increased by 15.0%, whereas an increase up to 11 ml due to intramyocardial injections in the septum and free wall led to a 26.0% increase in EDV. Although the endocardial intramyocardial injections occupied a lower LV wall volume, they led to an EDV (44 ml) that was equal compared to intramyocardial injections in the mid-wall (44 ml) and larger compared to intramyocardial injections in the epicardium (41 ml). Using an in silico set up, sites of regional myocardium de-stiffening could be planned in order to globally soften overly stiff LV in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. This novel treatment is built on subject-specific data. Hypothesis-testing of these simulation findings in animal models is warranted.
Development of Fluorinated Analogues of Perhexiline with Improved Pharmacokinetic Properties and Retained Efficacy (2017)

We designed and synthesized perhexiline analogues that have the same therapeutic profile as the parent cardiovascular drug but lacking its metabolic liability associated with CYP2D6 metabolism. Cycloalkyl perhexiline analogues 6a-j were found to be unsuitable for further development, as they retained a pharmacokinetic profile very similar to that shown by the parent compound. Multistep synthesis of perhexiline analogues incorporating fluorine atoms onto the cyclohexyl ring(s) provided a range of different fluoroperhexiline analogues. Of these, analogues 50 (4,4-gem-difluoro) and 62 (4,4,4',4'-tetrafluoro) were highly stable and showed greatly reduced susceptibility to CYP2D6-mediated metabolism. In vitro efficacy studies demonstrated that a number of derivatives retained acceptable potency against CPT-1. Having the best balance of properties, 50 was selected for further evaluation. Like perhexiline, it was shown to be selectively concentrated in the myocardium and, using the Langendorff model, to be effective in improving both cardiac contractility and relaxation when challenged with high fat buffer.
Hollow Fiber Membrane Decorated with Ag/MWNTs: Toward Effective Water Disinfection and Biofouling Control (2011)

The currently applied disinfection methods during water treatment provide effective solutions to kill pathogens, but also generate harmful byproducts, which are required to be treated with additional efforts. In this work, an alternative and safer water disinfection system consisting of silver nanoparticle/multiwalled carbon nanotubes (Ag/MWNTs) coated on a polyacrylonitrile (PAN) hollow fiber membrane, Ag/MWNTs/PAN, has been developed. Silver nanoparticles of controlled sizes were coated on polyethylene glycol-grafted MWNTs. Ag/MWNTs were then covalently coated on the external surface of a chemically modified PAN hollow fiber membrane to act as a disinfection barrier. A continuous filtration test using E. coli containing feedwater was conducted for the pristine PAN and Ag/MWNTs/PAN composite membranes. The Ag/MWNT coating significantly enhanced the antimicrobial activities and antifouling properties of the membrane against E. coli. Under the continuous filtration mode using E. coli feedwater, the relative flux drop over Ag/MWNTs/PAN was 6%, which was significantly lower than that over the pristine PAN (55%) at 20 h of filtration. The presence of the Ag/MWNT disinfection layer effectively inhibited the growth of bacteria in the filtration module and prevented the formation of biofilm on the surface of the membrane. Such distinctive antimicrobial properties of the composite membrane is attributed to the proper dispersion of silver nanoparticles on the external surface of the membrane, leading to direct contact with bacterium cells.
GaN-based cryogenic temperature power electronics for superconducting motors in cryo-electric aircraft (2023)

Abstract Climate change has spurred a shift to electric transportation, but aviation faces challenges with electric energy storage and propulsion. Cryogenically cooled superconducting motors, along with cryogenically cooled power electronics, offer a solution to increase the efficiency and power density of electric aircraft. This paper evaluates the feasibility of cryogenic power electronics by characterising new technologies (GaN, nanocrystalline) using new experimental techniques. It is found that the on resistance reductions of GaN E-high electron mobility transistors at cryogenic temperatures depend on the maximum blocking voltage of the device, and the size of the gate resistor for ohmic p-GaN devices. Different types of nanocrystalline cores are shown to vary greatly in their behaviour at cryogenic temperatures, which is measured using a modified core loss measurement circuit. Further analysis shows that the losses of a GaN based cryogenic inverter could potentially halve that of an equivalent Si based inverter.
Yield prediction for architecture exploration in nanometer technology nodes: (2006)

Process variability has a detrimental impact on the performance of memories and other system components, which can lead to parametric yield loss at the system level due to timing violations. Conventional yield models do not allow to accurately analyze this, at least not at the system level. In this paper we propose a technique to estimate this system level yield loss for a number of alternative memory organization implementations. This can aid the designer into making educated trade-offs at the architecture level between energy consumption and parametric timing yield by using memories from different available libraries with different energy/performance characteristics considering the impact of manufacturing variations. The accuracy of this technique is very high, an average error of less than 1% is reported, which enables an early exploration of the available options.