gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Congenital Heart Disease: An Immunological Perspective (2021)

Congenital heart disease (CHD) poses a significant global health and economic burden-despite advances in treating CHD reducing the mortality risk, globally CHD accounts for approximately 300,000 deaths yearly. Children with CHD experience both acute and chronic cardiac complications, and though treatment options have improved, some remain extremely invasive. A challenge in addressing these morbidity and mortality risks is that little is known regarding the cause of many CHDs and current evidence suggests a multifactorial etiology. Some studies implicate an immune contribution to CHD development; however, the role of the immune system is not well-understood. Defining the role of the immune and inflammatory responses in CHD therefore holds promise in elucidating mechanisms underlying these disorders and improving upon current diagnostic and treatment options. In this review, we address the current knowledge coinciding CHDs with immune and inflammatory associations, emphasizing conditions where this understanding would provide clinical benefit, and challenges in studying these mechanisms.
Supplementary Table S5 from Radiotherapy Induces Innate Immune Responses in Patients Treated for Prostate Cancers (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Linear mixed effects model analysis of metabolomics data augments validation of immune response findings with proteomics.&lt;/p&gt;
Datenvisualisierung und Data Mining (2002)

Die rasante technologische Entwicklung der letzten zwei Jahrzehnte ermöglicht heute die persistente Speicherung riesiger Datenmengen durch den Computer. Forscher an der Universität Berkeley haben berechnet, dass jedes Jahr ca. 1 Exabyte (= 1 Million Terabyte) Daten generiert werden ein großer Teil davon in digitaler Form. Das bedeutet aber, dass in den nächsten drei Jahren mehr Daten generiert werden als in der gesamten menschlichen Entwicklung zuvor. Die Daten werden oft automatisch mit Hilfe von Sensoren und Überwachungssystemen aufgezeichnet. So werden beispielsweise alltägliche Vorgänge des menschlichen Lebens, wie das Bezahlen mit Kreditkarte oder die Benutzung des Telefons, durch Computer aufgezeichnet. Dabei werden gewöhnlich alle verfügbaren Parameter abgespeichert, wodurch hochdimensionale Datensätze entstehen. Die Daten werden gesammelt, da sie wertvolle Informationen enthalten, die einen Wettbewerbsvorteil bieten können. Das Finden der wertvollen Informationen in den großen Datenmengen ist aber keine leichte Aufgabe. Heutige Datenbankmanagementsysteme können nur kleine Teilmengen dieser riesigen Datenmengen darstellen. Werden die Daten zum Beispiel in textueller Form ausgegeben, können höchstens ein paar hundert Zeilen auf dem Bildschirm dargestellt werden. Bei Millionen von Datensätzen ist dies aber nur ein Tropfen auf den heißen Stein.
Centrifugal fluidized combustion of coal. Quarterly report, April--June 1978 (1978)

Experiments were performed with styrene bed material to determine the influence of bed density and particle size distribution on CFB fluidization characteristics. Comparisons between the styrene data, previous data using glass bed material, and the theoretical equations for bed pressure drop and minimum fluidization show excellent agreement between theory and experiment for all cases. Laboratory preparations are underway for experiments on particle elutriation from a CFB. In addition, preliminary data were obtained on the velocity profiles in the freeboard region of a CFB. Sample profiles are presented for one set of operating conditions. An analysis of the energy costs for a CFB coal combustor operating in a combined cycle is described. When compared to energy costs for other fossil-fired power generation systems, the results indicate the CFB system has excellent potential, particularly for peak power generation applications.
Protein‐Based Memristive Nanodevices (2011)

A controllable and reproducible bipolar memristive protein nanodevice is fabricated by chemical immobilization of ferritin molecules within on-wire lithography-generated nanogaps. Control experiments suggest that programmable resistive switching is due to the electrochemical processes in the active centre of ferritin. Such ferritin-based nanodevices with reversible resistance can be used for nonvolatile memory based on write-read-erase cycles.
Silicon LEDs in FinFET technology (2014)

We present what to our best knowledge is the first forward operating silicon light-emitting diode (LED) in fin-FET technology. The results show near-infrared (NIR) emission around 1100 nm caused by band-to-band light emission in the silicon which is uniformly distributed across the lowly doped active light-emitting area. We also propose further improvements to exploit the full potential of this structure.
Magneto-Rheological Coupling Based Hydraulic Power Steering: Low-cost Solution for Fuel Economy Improvement (2009)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper describes a Magneto-Rheological coupling based Hydraulic Power Steering (MRHPS) system developed for improving fuel economy in conventional vehicles. The MRHPS system reduces the parasitic losses associated with the power steering pump and improves fuel economy in full-size trucks (and SUVs) by up to 3%, while maintaining the production hydraulic power steering system performance. The MRHPS is a low cost alternative to electric power steering and electro-hydraulic power steering systems and requires significantly less electric power while resulting in similar fuel economy gains.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;With the MR coupling the power steering pump is run at optimum speeds depending on the steering angle, angle rate and vehicle speed, and the pump is run in closed loop speed control mode so that factors like temperature, manufacturing tolerances, aging, etc. will not degrade the steering performance. A fail-safe, fault-management system was also developed that can take remedial action to keep the clutch functioning, when the nature of the fault permits continued operation thereby providing uninterrupted power assist without sacrificing the fuel economy gains. Several prototype clutches were built and installed in full-size trucks and the average improvement in fuel economy was found to be 3% which is quite significant. The prototype clutches also met the prescribed durability and high speed tests.&lt;/div&gt;
Total Synthesis of Rutaecarpine and Analogues by Tandem Azido Reductive Cyclization Assisted by Microwave Irradiation (2010)

Americanae nace como un proyecto conjunto que surge dentro de la Red Europea de Información y Documentación sobre América Latina (REDIAL), y que ha afrontado la Biblioteca de la Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo (AECID). Esta nueva biblioteca virtual hace más accesibles los libros digitales de tema americanista a los investigadores y usuarios interesados de cualquier parte del mundo.
BranchOut: Regularization for Online Ensemble Tracking with Convolutional Neural Networks (2017)

We propose an extremely simple but effective regularization technique of convolutional neural networks (CNNs), referred to as BranchOut, for online ensemble tracking. Our algorithm employs a CNN for target representation, which has a common convolutional layers but has multiple branches of fully connected layers. For better regularization, a subset of branches in the CNN are selected randomly for online learning whenever target appearance models need to be updated. Each branch may have a different number of layers to maintain variable abstraction levels of target appearances. BranchOut with multi-level target representation allows us to learn robust target appearance models with diversity and handle various challenges in visual tracking problem effectively. The proposed algorithm is evaluated in standard tracking benchmarks and shows the state-of-the-art performance even without additional pretraining on external tracking sequences.
Thickness dependence of dielectric properties in bismuth layer-structured dielectrics (2006)

c -axis-oriented epitaxial SrBi4Ti4O15 and CaBi4Ti4O15 films having natural superlattice structure were grown on (001)cSrRuO3‖(001)SrTiO3 substrates by metal organic chemical vapor deposition. SrBi4Ti4O15 films suffer no degradation with a dielectric constant of 200 down to a film thickness of 15nm, which corresponds to four unit cells. Temperature coefficients of capacitance were low enough despite their high dielectric constant. They exhibited stable capacitance and superior insulating properties against applied electric field, irrespective of film thickness. These results open the door to designable size-effect-free materials with high dielectric constant having bias- and temperature-independent characteristics together with superior electrical insulation for high-density capacitor applications.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Selective Lewis Acid Catalyzed Diels‐Alder Reactions of Acyclic (Z)‐1,3‐Dienes. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Somatic hypermutation of the T cell receptor Vβ gene in microdissected splenic white pulps from HIV-1-positive patients (1998)

Somatic mutation of rearranged immunoglobulin V genes occurs in germinal centers (GC), resulting in affinity maturation of the immune response. Rearranged T cell receptor (TCR) genes were thought to be excluded from this process despite similarities in their gene structure. Somatic mutations were found among TCR Vα (TCRAV) chains of antigen-specific T cells localized in GC of mice. Here, somatically mutated TCR Vβ (TCRBV) chains are identified among microdissected splenic white pulps from HIV-positive individuals. Both the frequency and the nature of the base substitutions were found to be similar to those of mutated immunoglobulin VH genes. This was true for intrinsic mutations in the TCR framework regions as well as for mutations underlying selective pressures in the TCRBV5 gene segment. The concentration of mutations and a preference for replacement mutations in complementarity determining regions of expanded clones were indicative of a positive selection process.
Holographic shear rheology of viscoelastic fluids (2019)

In this study, we report the use of digital holography microscopy (DHM) for 3D-resolved flow kinematics and shear rheometry of viscoelastic polymeric fluids. We computationally reconstruct the recorded holograms to visualize the tracer imbued flow volume in microchannels, followed by implementation of particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) to quantitate spatially-resolved velocity fields in 3D. In order to select optimal parameters for DHM-PTV characterization of complex fluids, we studied the effect of hologram recording distance, seeding density and particle size. Using the optimal parameters, we show quantitative characterization of the shear rheology from the velocity fields without any a-priori assumptions of wall boundary condition or constitutive equation. The viscosity versus shear rate data for Newtonian and polyethylene oxide solutions could be measured in the range of ~ 0.05 - 20,000 s-1 with just four input flow rates. This data from holographic shear rheometry was found to be in good agreement with computational fluid dynamics simulations and macrorheometry. The holographic shear rheology technique remained unaffected by wall-slip events and instead provided an avenue to quantitate slip severity. Finally, we discuss holographic visualization of particle migration in microfluidic flows which can limit flow field access while at the same time provide a fingerprint of the suspending fluid rheology.
Electrical conductivity of TaOx as function of composition and temperature (2023)

The ability to model the resistive switching devices depends on input material parameters and is particularly sensitive to values of electrical conductivity of the functional material as a function of composition and temperature. Here we report the results of conductivity measurements of TaOx with 0<x<2.36 and a temperature range of 293-800 K performed using Transmission Line Method structures with integrated on-chip heaters. The conductivity exhibits the thermally activated behavior throughout the composition and temperature range with the activation energy (EAC) changing from 0.34 eV at x=2.36 to 0.016 eV at x=1.
Antigenic landscapes on Staphylococcus aureus pore-forming toxins reveal insights into specificity and cross-neutralization (2022)

<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> carries an exceptional repertoire of virulence factors that aid in immune evasion. Previous single-target approaches for <i>S. aureus</i>-specific vaccines and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have failed in clinical trials due to the multitude of virulence factors released during infection. Emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains demands a multi-target approach involving neutralization of different, non-overlapping pathogenic factors. Of the several pore-forming toxins that contribute to <i>S. aureus</i> pathogenesis, efforts have largely focused on mAbs that neutralize α-hemolysin (Hla) and target the receptor-binding site. Here, we isolated two anti-Hla and three anti-Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (LukSF-PV) mAbs, and used a combination of hydrogen deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) and alanine scanning mutagenesis to delineate and validate the toxins' epitope landscape. Our studies identified two novel, neutralizing epitopes targeted by 2B6 and CAN6 on Hla that provided protection from hemolytic activity in vitro and showed synergy in rodent pneumonia model against lethal challenge. Of the anti-LukF mAbs, SA02 and SA131 showed specific neutralization activity to LukSF-PV while SA185 showed cross-neutralization activity to LukSF-PV, γ-hemolysin HlgAB, and leukotoxin ED. We further compared these antigen-specific mAbs to two broadly neutralizing mAbs, H5 (targets Hla, LukSF-PV, HlgAB, HlgCB, and LukED) and SA185 (targeting LukSF-PV, HlgAB, and LukED), and identified molecular level markers for broad-spectrum reactivity among the pore-forming toxins by HDX-MS. To further underscore the need to target the cross-reactive epitopes on leukocidins for the development of broad-spectrum therapies, we annotated Hla sequences isolated from patients in multiple countries for genomic variations within the perspective of our defined epitopes.
Embedded Element Pattern Loading Condition Transformations for Phased Array Modeling (2020)

Embedded element patterns (EEPs) depend on the loads attached to elements in an antenna array. When modeling antenna arrays, the loading condition used in numerically simulations may be different from the loads used in the operating environment. The ability to transform readily from one set to another is of great utility for both computed and measured data. We derive new expressions for the loading condition transformations that combine practical usefulness with a pleasing mathematical symmetry, compare array patterns synthesized from differently-loaded set of EEPs, and give numerical examples for arrays with different element port loading conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Addition of Semidione Radicals to Arenediazonium Ions: Synthesis of 1, 1‐Diacyl‐2‐arylhydrazines. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Use of an Ephedrine Alkoxide to Mediate Enantioselective Addition of an Acetylide to a Prochiral Ketone: Asymmetric Synthesis of the Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor L‐743,726. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A reliable data transfer architecture for a space-based reconfigurable protocol chip (2005)

In this paper, we present an architecture for reliable data transfers for space-based applications. In particular, we examine a network interface card (NIC) architecture, a reliable link layer approach based on hybrid automatic-repeat-request (ARQ) scheme, and then consider the corresponding handshaking associated with file transfers. We present results on the performance of our methodology and an implementation strategy for incorporation of the mechanism into a reconfigurable protocol chip architecture.
Numerical Simulation of Swirl-Stabilized Premixed Flames With a Turbulent Combustion Model Based on a Systematically Reduced Six-Step Reaction Mechanism (2000)

This paper presents the application of a detailed combustion model for turbulent premixed combustion to a swirl-stabilized premix burner. Computations are carried out for atmospheric pressure and elevated pressure of 9 atm. Results of computations for atmospheric pressure are compared to experimental data. The combustion model is of the joint-pdf type. The model is based on the characteristics of turbulent combustion under conditions typical for gas turbine burners. It incorporates a systematically reduced six-step reaction mechanism yielding direct computation of radical concentrations via transport equations or steady-state assumptions. The model is able to simulate combustion of fuel gases containing methane, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and water. It is therefore applicable to both methane and low-BTU fuel gas combustion. Based on computed radical concentrations, a post-processor for NOx formation is applied. This post-processor considers thermal formation of nitrogen oxides and NO formation via the nitrous oxide path.
Disrupting the Interplay between Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 and Programmed Death Ligand 1 with Spherical Nucleic Acids in Treating Cancer (2022)

Disrupting the interplay between programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a powerful immunotherapeutic approach to cancer treatment. Herein, spherical nucleic acid (SNA) liposomal nanoparticle conjugates that incorporate a newly designed antisense DNA sequence specifically against PD-L1 (immune checkpoint inhibitor SNAs, or IC-SNAs) are explored as a strategy for blocking PD-1/PD-L1 signaling within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Concentration-dependent PD-L1 silencing with IC-SNAs is observed in MC38 colon cancer cells, where IC-SNAs decrease both surface PD-L1 (sPD-L1) and total PD-L1 expression. Furthermore, peritumoral administration of IC-SNAs in a syngeneic mouse model of MC38 colon cancer leads to reduced sPD-L1 expression in multiple cell populations within the TME, including tumor cells, dendritic cells, and myeloid derived suppressor cells. The treatment effectively increases CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells accumulation and functionality in the TME, which ultimately inhibits tumor growth and extends animal survival. Taken together, these data show that IC-SNA nanoconstructs are capable of disrupting the PD-1/PD-L1 interplay via gene regulation, thereby providing a promising avenue for cancer immunotherapy.
Potential of thin-film solar cells by using high haze diffuser superstrate (2011)

For thin film silicon solar cells and modules incorporating amorphous (a-Si:H) silicon as absorber materials, light trapping, i.e. increasing the path length of incoming light, plays a decisive role for device performance. Here we demonstrate the novel diffuser superstrate for thin film solar cell. For the optical measurement, the absorption reveals that the diffuser superstrate can effectively enhance the optical path for long wavelength. For the short wavelength, the randomly textured surface provides a superior antireflective effect compared with the flat glass devices. The novel diffuser superstrate provides effective antireflection and light trapping over a broad spectral range and a wide set of incidence angles, which leads to much higher power efficiency than that of the flat film devices. Further, the electric properties, such as the external quantum efficiency and the curve of current density vary with voltage, will be investigated and presented in the full paper.
Switching kinetics of electrochemical metallization memory cells (2013)

The strongly nonlinear switching kinetics of electrochemical metallization memory (ECM) cells are investigated using an advanced 1D simulation model. It is based on the electrochemical growth and dissolution of a Ag or Cu filament within a solid thin film and accounts for nucleation effects, charge transfer, and cation drift. The model predictions are consistent with experimental switching results of a time range of 12 orders of magnitude obtained from silver iodide (AgI) based ECM cells. By analyzing the simulation results the electrochemical processes limiting the switching kinetics are revealed. This study provides new insights into the understanding of the limiting electrochemical processes determining the switching kinetics of ECM cells.
H 2 O and HCl trace gas kinetics on crystalline and amorphous HCl hydrates in the range 170 to 205 K: the HCl/H 2 O phase diagram revisited (2013)

Abstract. In this laboratory study, H2O ice films of 1 to 2 μm thickness have been used as surrogates for ice particles at atmospherically relevant conditions in a stirred flow reactor (SFR) to measure the kinetics of evaporation and condensation of HCl and H2O on crystalline and amorphous HCl hydrates. A multidiagnostic approach has been employed using FTIR absorption spectroscopy in transmission to monitor the condensed phase and residual gas mass spectrometry (MS) for the gas phase. An average mass balance ratio between HCl adsorbed onto ice and the quantity of HCl measured using FTIR absorption, (Nn − Nesc − Nads)/NFTIR = 1.182 ± 0.123 has been obtained. The rate of evaporation Rev(HCl) for crystalline HCl hexahydrate (HCl·6H2O) films and amorphous HCl/H2O mixtures has been found to be lower by a factor of 10 to 250 compared to Rev(H2O) in the overlapping temperature range 175 to 190 K. Variations of the accommodation coefficient α (HCl) on pure HCl·6H2O up to a factor of 10 have been observed. The kinetic parameters are thermochemically consistent with the corresponding equilibrium vapour pressure. In addition, we propose an extension of the HCl/H2O phase diagram of crystalline HCl·6H2O based on the analysis of deconvoluted FTIR spectra of samples outside its known existence area. A brief evaluation of the atmospheric importance of both condensed phases, amorphous HCl/H2O and crystalline HCl·6H2O, is performed in favour of the amorphous phase.
Macaque Monkey Type D Retrovirus Replicates in vitro in a Distinct Subpopulation of B Lymphocytes (1987)

Type D retroviruses have recently been shown to induce a wasting syndrome with associated lymphadenopathy, thymic atrophy and transient decreased peripheral blood lymphocyte blastogenic responsiveness in juvenile macaque monkeys. The replication in vitro of D/New England virus was assessed in various lymphocyte subpopulations to determine the possible pathogenesis of the immune dysfunction induced by this virus. While D/New England did not replicate in cultured T lymphocytes or induce any demonstrable dysfunction of T cells in vitro, it did grow in the cells of the B lymphocyte lineage. D/New England growth occurred in vitro in African Burkitt's lymphoma and pre-B cell lines, but not in Epstein-Barr virus-transformed normal B lymphocytes. The infection of a restricted B lymphocyte population by this primate type D retrovirus may play a role in the aetiology of the immune abnormalities which it induces.