gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An autonomous addressing mechanism as support for auto-configuration in dynamic networks (2009)

The future generation of computer networks brings us several challenges. Automation is one of the most pursued functionalities for such networks. It means that research around this area goes toward the auto- and self- technologies such as self-management, self-addressing and self-healing. This paper presents a novel approach for self-addressing in dynamic networks. It is a stateful and distributed protocol, which relies on addressing servers spread in the network. These servers have the objective of executing addressing tasks, aiming an address conflict-free environment. We also present the results of the first experiments on the proposed approach, where its performance and behavior were evaluated. To validate these results, comparisons between our proposed protocol and a classic stateless addressing mechanism were done.
Low-Dose Lipopolysaccharide Pretreatment Suppresses Choroidal Neovascularization via IL-10 Induction (2012)

Recent studies have suggested that some kinds of microbial infection may have a crucial role in the development of many diseases such as autoimmune diseases and certain types of cancer. It has been reported that some chronic infections, such as Chlamydia pneumoniae, and immunological dysfunctions are associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a leading cause of blindness. To evaluate the association between systemic low-level inflammation induced by infection and AMD pathogenesis, we investigated whether intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can modulate the development of laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV), a key feature of AMD. Contrary to our expectations, the sizes of CNV in mice with LPS pretreatment were approximately 65% smaller than those of the control mice. After LPS pretreatment, serum IL-10 concentration and IL-10 gene expression in peritoneal macrophages and in the posterior part of the eye increased. Peritoneal injection of anti-IL10 antibody reduced CNV suppression by LPS pretreatment. Moreover, adoptive transfer of the resident peritoneal macrophages from LPS-treated mice into control littermates resulted in an approximately 26% reduction in the size of CNV compared with PBS-treated mice. We concluded that CNV formation was suppressed by low-dose LPS pretreatment via IL-10 production by macrophages.
Intelligent image‐activated sorting of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii by mitochondrial localization (2022)

Organelle positioning in cells is associated with various metabolic functions and signaling in unicellular organisms. Specifically, the microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii repositions its mitochondria, depending on the levels of inorganic carbon. Mitochondria are typically randomly distributed in the Chlamydomonas cytoplasm, but relocate toward the cell periphery at low inorganic carbon levels. This mitochondrial relocation is linked with the carbon-concentrating mechanism, but its significance is not yet thoroughly understood. A genotypic understanding of this relocation would require a high-throughput method to isolate rare mutant cells not exhibiting this relocation. However, this task is technically challenging due to the complex intracellular morphological difference between mutant and wild-type cells, rendering conventional non-image-based high-event-rate methods unsuitable. Here, we report our demonstration of intelligent image-activated cell sorting by mitochondrial localization. Specifically, we applied an intelligent image-activated cell sorting system to sort for C. reinhardtii cells displaying no mitochondrial relocation. We trained a convolutional neural network (CNN) to distinguish the cell types based on the complex morphology of their mitochondria. The CNN was employed to perform image-activated sorting for the mutant cell type at 180 events per second, which is 1-2 orders of magnitude faster than automated microscopy with robotic pipetting, resulting in an enhancement of the concentration from 5% to 56.5% corresponding to an enrichment factor of 11.3. These results show the potential of image-activated cell sorting for connecting genotype-phenotype relations for rare-cell populations, which require a high throughput and could lead to a better understanding of metabolic functions in cells.
The NUMAchine multiprocessor (2002)

Small-scale multiprocessors are becoming increasingly economical and common, whereas larger multiprocessors continue to have higher per-node costs. The NUMAchine multiprocessor project seeks to make large-scale multiprocessors more economical while maintaining high performance by exploring architectural and hardware features for low-cost, modular multiprocessors. To demonstrate our approach, we have implemented a prototype system that is scalable to 128 processors. An efficient directory-based cache coherence protocol exploits our hierarchical ring-based interconnect and supports sequential consistency. This paper documents the design choices and the resulting performance of the system using both simulation results and measurements on the prototype hardware.
A Frequency Reconfigurable Dual-Band Monopole Antenna for Wireless Applications (2018)

A dual-band frequency reconfigurable monopole antenna is presented in this paper. Reconfiguration of frequency bands is achieved using RF PIN diodes. An already published antenna design is used as a starting point and is then modified to achieve frequency reconfiguration mechanism by incorporating RF PIN diodes. The antenna resonates at center frequency of 2.4 GHz and 4.25 GHz when RF PIN diodes are switched OFF. However, RF PIN diodes ON state resulted in 1.84 and 3.66 GHz frequency bands. The 1.84 and 2.45 GHz bands are controlled by altering the electrical length of inverted L-shaped resonator. Whereas, C-shaped radiator is used to resonate the proposed antenna at 3.66 GHz and 4.56 GHz frequency bands. Overall, the simulation and measurement results showed a good agreement.
Component-Based Software Development - A New Paradigm in Software Engineering? (1997)

This paper defines the relevant terms by relating them to the already wellestablished terms of object technology. In particular, the focus lies on a discussion of the deficiencies of the objectoriented paradigm and how componentware might solve these shortcomings. Furthermore, the role of objectoriented frameworks as underlying technology of plug &amp;amp; play software is illustrated. Finally, the paper tries t o answer the question of whether some enhancements of the object-oriented paradigm indeed represent the dawn of a new era of software development.
Deposition and Characterization of Ru Thin Films Prepared by Metallorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition (1999)

The requirement for the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of metal electrodes for the (Ba,Sr)TiO3 (BST) capacitors for dynamic random access memory (DRAM) devices becomes more critical as the storage node height increases more than 0.3 μm with a 0.1-μm spacing between them. With this extreme three-dimensional capacitor geometry, the plate electrode needs to be deposited by CVD; otherwise, the device may suffer from a reliability problem due to electrical leakage or chemical reactions. One candidate for use as an electrode material is Ru due to its good electrical performance as an electrode, such as ensuring a low leakage current and a large dielectric constant for BST [1] and Ta2O5 [2] dielectric films, and to its good etching property compared to Pt [3]. However, there are few reports on systematic analyses of Ru thin films deposited by using MOCVD for applications in ultra large scale integrated (ULSI) circuits. In this research, high-quality Ru thin films with good electrical resistivities, as low as 12 μΩcm, were deposited at 300∼400 ◦C by using lowpressure Metalorganic CVD (LP-MOCVD) with a new precursor of Bis(ethyl-π-cyclopentadienyl) ruthenium [Ru(C5H4C2H5)2 : Ru(EtCp)2]. Also, we performed a thermodynamical calculation for Ru MOCVD to explain the results of our experiments.
Ciliary neurotrophic factor/leukemia inhibitory factor/interleukin 6/oncostatin M family of cytokines induces tyrosine phosphorylation of a common set of proteins overlapping those induced by other cytokines and growth factors (1994)

Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), oncostatin M (OSM), and interleukin-6 (IL6) compose a family of distantly related cytokines that initiate signaling by inducing either homodimerization of the "beta" signal transducing receptor component gp130 (in the case of IL6) or heterodimerization between gp130 and the gp130-related LIFR beta (in the case of CNTF, LIF, and OSM); dimerization of beta receptor components in turn activates members of the Jak/Tyk family of receptor-associated tyrosine kinases. Here we report that CNTF, LIF, OSM, and IL6 induce most of the same protein tyrosine phosphorylations, regardless of the cell type assayed or whether they initiate signaling by inducing homo- or heterodimerization of beta components. Although several of the protein tyrosine phosphorylations induced by the CNTF/LIF/OSM/IL6 family of factors may correspond to novel tyrosine kinase targets, we have been able to demonstrate the involvement of known signaling molecules, such as phospholipase C gamma, phosphoinositol 3-kinase, phosphotyrosine phosphatase (PTP1D), pp120, SHC, GRB2, STAT91, Raf-1, and the mitogen-activated protein kinases ERK1 and ERK2, revealing substantial convergence not only between the pathways activated by this cytokine family and other cytokines, but with pathways previously known to be activated only by factors that utilize receptor tyrosine kinases. Our data suggest the beta receptor components can form complexes with some of the signaling proteins identified and may play some role in their recruitment.
751 Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of PTG-200, an Oral GI-Restricted Peptide Antagonist of IL-23 Receptor, in Normal Healthy Volunteers (2019)

INTRODUCTION: PTG-200 (JNJ-67864238) is an oral peptide that acts locally in intestinal tissues to block IL-23 signaling by selectively binding the IL-23 receptor (IL-23R). The gastrointestinal (GI)-restriction of PTG-200 is demonstrated in vivo by marked drug concentrations in GI tissues and feces and limited systemic blood exposure. PTG-200 therapeutic potential was established in a rat model of TNBS-induced colitis, where its threshold concentration in colonic tissue and luminal feces associated with efficacy was determined to inform the human efficacious dose. 1 The objectives of this Phase 1 study were to assess safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics (PK) of PTG-200. METHODS: This first-in-human (FIH) Phase 1 study was a single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial comprising single and 14-day multiple ascending dose (SAD and MAD) arms in 82 healthy male volunteers. Oral doses ranged from 150 mg to 900 mg once daily (QD, fasted or fed) or twice daily (BID, fed). Subjects were monitored for safety and tolerability. PK in plasma, urine and feces was evaluated. RESULTS: Oral administration of PTG-200 was well-tolerated. There were no serious adverse events, dose-limiting toxicities, or clinically significant adverse events. PTG-200 plasma exposure was low (Table 1), below that expected to result in systemic biological activity. Following single-dose oral administration under fasted conditions, plasma PTG-200 concentrations exhibited dose-related increases with a median time to maximal concentration (T max ) at 2 h. Administration of a high-fat meal prolonged the median T max to 4 h and had a modest effect on peak concentration (C max ) and estimated overall exposure. Repeat dosing led to dose-related increases in plasma exposure. Consistent with a terminal half-life of ∼1.5 h in plasma, PTG-200 showed no evidence of accumulation except for the 900 mg BID group. Fecal concentrations in several cohorts met or exceeded the targeted threshold concentration associated with efficacy as established using the preclinical colitis model. CONCLUSION: Orally administered PTG-200 was well-tolerated in this FIH study. Systemic PK was consistent with the GI-restricted design of PTG-200. These safety and PK characteristics, combined with fulfillment of fecal drug threshold concentrations, support further clinical development of PTG-200 for the treatment of IBD. A Phase 2 study in patients with moderate-to-severe Crohn's disease is planned.
Foresight and reconsideration in hierarchical planning and execution (2013)

We present a hierarchical planning and execution architecture that maintains the computational efficiency of hierarchical decomposition while improving optimality. It provides mechanisms for monitoring the belief state during execution and performing selective replanning to repair poor choices and take advantage of new opportunities. It also provides mechanisms for looking ahead into future plans to avoid making short-sighted choices. The effectiveness of this architecture is shown through comparative experiments in simulation and demonstrated on a real PR2 robot.
Development of an in situ temperature stage for synchrotron X-ray spectromicroscopy (2015)

In situ characterization of micro- and nanoscale defects in polycrystalline thin-film materials is required to elucidate the physics governing defect formation and evolution during photovoltaic device fabrication and operation. X-ray fluorescence spectromicroscopy is particularly well-suited to study defects in compound semiconductors, as it has a large information depth appropriate to study thick and complex materials, is sensitive to trace amounts of atomic species, and provides quantitative elemental information, non-destructively. Current in situ methods using this technique typically require extensive sample preparation. In this work, we design and build an in situ temperature stage to study defect kinetics in thin-film solar cells under actual processing conditions, requiring minimal sample preparation. Careful selection of construction materials also enables controlled non-oxidizing atmospheres inside the sample chamber such as H2Se and H2S. Temperature ramp rates of up to 300 °C/min are achieved, with a maximum sample temperature of 600 °C. As a case study, we use the stage for synchrotron X-ray fluorescence spectromicroscopy of CuIn(x)Ga(1-x)Se2 (CIGS) thin-films and demonstrate predictable sample thermal drift for temperatures 25-400 °C, allowing features on the order of the resolution of the measurement technique (125 nm) to be tracked while heating. The stage enables previously unattainable in situ studies of nanoscale defect kinetics under industrially relevant processing conditions, allowing a deeper understanding of the relationship between material processing parameters, materials properties, and device performance.
Adversarial Attacks on Deep-Learning Based Radio Signal Classification (2018)

Deep learning (DL), despite its enormous success in many computer vision and language processing applications, is exceedingly vulnerable to adversarial attacks. We consider the use of DL for radio signal (modulation) classification tasks, and present practical methods for the crafting of white-box and universal black-box adversarial attacks in that application. We show that these attacks can considerably reduce the classification performance, with extremely small perturbations of the input. In particular, these attacks are significantly more powerful than classical jamming attacks, which raises significant security and robustness concerns in the use of DL-based algorithms for the wireless physical layer.
Bronchodilator Delivery via High-Flow Nasal Cannula: A Randomized Controlled Trial to Compare the Effects of Gas Flows (2021)

(1) Background: Aerosol delivery via high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) has attracted increasing clinical interest. In vitro studies report that the ratio of HFNC gas flow to patient inspiratory flow (GF:IF) is a key factor in the efficiency of trans-nasal aerosol delivery. (2) Methods: In a randomized controlled trial, patients with a history of COPD or asthma and documented positive responses to inhaled bronchodilators in an outpatient pulmonary function laboratory were recruited. Subjects were randomized to receive inhalation at gas flow ratio settings of: GF:IF = 0.5, GF:IF = 1.0, or GF = 50 L/min. Subjects were assigned to inhale saline (control) followed by salbutamol via HFNC with cumulative doses of 0.5 mg, 1.5 mg, 3.5 mg, and 7.5 mg. Spirometry was performed at baseline and 10-12 min after each inhalation. (3) Results: 75 subjects (49 asthma and 26 COPD) demonstrating bronchodilator response were enrolled. Per the robust ATS/ERS criteria no difference was observed between flows, however using the criteria of post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV<sub>1</sub>) reaching the screening post-bronchodilator FEV<sub>1</sub> with salbutamol, a higher percentage of subjects receiving GF:IF = 0.5 met the criteria at a cumulative dose of 1.5 mg than those receiving GF:IF = 1.0, and GF = 50 L/min (64% vs. 29% vs. 27%, respectively, <i>p</i> = 0.011). Similarly at 3.5 mg (88% vs. 54% vs. 46%, respectively, <i>p</i> = 0.005). The effective dose at GF:IF = 0.5 was 1.5 mg while for GF = 50 L/min it was 3.5 mg. (4) Conclusions: During salbutamol delivery via HFNC, cumulative doses of 1.5 mg to 3.5 mg resulted in effective bronchodilation. Applying the robust ATS/ERS criteria no difference was observed between the flows, however using the more sensitive criteria of subjects reaching post screening FEV<sub>1</sub> to salbutamol via HFNC, a higher number of subjects responded to the doses of 0.5 mg and 1.5 mg when HFNC gas flow was set at 50% of patient peak inspiratory flow.
ChemInform Abstract: MICELLAR AMPHIPHILIC HEME AS SYNTHETIC OXYGEN CARRIER UNDER SEMIPHYSIOLOGICAL CONDITIONS (1985)

Abstract Synthetische Häm‐Komplexe als Modellverbindungen für Atmungshämoproteine können unter nicht‐physiologischen Bedingungen Sauerstoff binden.
Recent Advances in Elucidating Paclitaxel Resistance Mechanisms in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer and Strategies to Overcome Drug Resistance (2020)

Paclitaxel (PTX) is a first-line drug for late-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who do not benefit from targeted therapy or immunotherapy. However, patients invariably develop resistance to PTX upon prolonged treatments. Although diverse mechanisms leading to PTX resistance have been well-documented in the literature, strategies to overcome PTX resistance in NSCLC based on these mechanisms are still challenging. In this article, we reviewed recent advancements elucidating major mechanisms of PTX resistance in NSCLC, including the overexpression of ABC transporters, alternations to tubulin structures, and the involvement of cytokines, miRNAs, kinase signaling pathways, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Potential markers of PTX resistance or PTX response that could help to direct treatment decisions and restore cellular sensitivity to PTX were also discussed. Finally, we summarized the corresponding strategies to overcome PTX resistance in NSCLC cells, which might provide new insights into clinical trials and benefit lung cancer patients in the future.
S2: Methods for SOD2 Genotyping and Validation from Muscadine Grape Skin Extract (MPX) in Men with Biochemically Recurrent Prostate Cancer: A Randomized, Multicenter, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial (2023)

&lt;p&gt;S2 provides details on the methods used to determine and validate SOD2 germline genotypes.&lt;/p&gt;
European Black Elderberry Fruit Extract Inhibits Replication of SARS-CoV-2 In Vitro (2023)

Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is still affecting the lives of people round the globe and remains a major public health threat. The emergence of new variants more efficiently transmitted, more virulent and more capable of escaping naturally acquired and vaccine-induced immunity creates a long-term negative outlook for the management of the pandemic. The development of effective and viable prevention and treatment options to reduce viral transmission is of the utmost importance. The fruits of the European black elderberry and extracts thereof have been traditionally used to treat viral infections such as coughs, cold and flu. Specifically, its efficacy against the Influenza A virus has been shown in vitro as well as in human clinical trials. In the current project, we investigated the antiviral activity of a black elderberry extract, mainly containing anthocyanins and phenolic compounds, against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants of concern and explored the possible mode of action by performing time of addition experiments. The results revealed that the extract displayed a strong anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity against the Wuhan type as well as the variants of concern Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta and Omicron with a comparable antiviral activity. Based on cytotoxicity data, a 2-log theoretical therapeutic window was established. The data accumulated so far suggest that the viral replication cycle is inhibited at later stages, inasmuch as the replication process was affected after virus entry. Therefore, it would be legitimate to assume that black elderberry extract might have the potential to be an effective treatment option for SARS-CoV-2 infections.
Evaluation of Intraocular Lens Rotational Stability in a Multicenter Clinical Trial (2021)

German Clinical Trials Register, DRKS00015287.
Practical synthesis of Mirabegron (2015)

A short and practical synthesis of Mirabegron, a novel βA¢Â‚Âƒ-adrenoceptor (AR) agonist for the symptomatic treatment of overactive bladder (OAB), starting from (R)-styrene epoxide in 4 steps is reported.
A miniature kinematic coupling device for mouse head fixation (2022)

• Development of a kinematic clamp for mice for precise repositioning in chronic studies. • Headplate and clamp provide stability for cellular resolution imaging during behavior. • Ruby contact features enable submicron registration repeatability.
HAWAII-2RG: a 2k x 2k CMOS multiplexer for low and high background astronomy applications (2003)

The HAWAII-2RG is a major upgrade of our prior 2048 x 2048 CMOS readout for astronomy (HAWAII-2) to support the requirements of the Next Generation Space Telescope and enable breakthrough capability for ground-based astronomy. By migrating to 0.25&mu;m CMOS, for the first time guide mode readout is simultaneously supported in combination with various programmable science modes on a frame-by-frame basis. Consequently, the readout simultaneously supports programmable guide mode window and full-field science using the rest of the 4.2 million pixels at read noise &lt;5 e-. Also for the first time with any imaging sensor, low and high background astronomy is supported using from 1 to 32 low-noise outputs via low-speed and high-speed signal paths. The latter supports throughput rate of up 320 MHz for real time imaging at &gt;60 Hz. As with the HAWAII-2, the readout can be mated to our infrared and visible detector arrays including low dark current MBE HgCdTe at cutoff wavelengths from 1.5&mu;m to 14&mu;m, 2.5&mu;m PACE HgCdTe, and silicon p-i-n detectors with superior quantum efficiency to backside-illuminated CCDs.