gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Long cavity ridge waveguide AlGaAs/GaAs distributed feedback lasers for spectral linewidth reduction (1986)

Ridge waveguide AlGaAs/GaAs distributed feedback lasers with the cavity length of 820 μm were fabricated. The differential quantum efficiency was as high as 28%, and the power-dependent linewidth was more than an order of magnitude smaller than that of the 290 μm laser, which agrees with theory. The narrowest linewidth was 12 MHz at 6.2 mW.
Scleral Loop Fixation for Posteriorly Dislocated Intraocular Lenses (1991)

Surgical management of a posteriorly dislocated intraocular lens requires vitrectomy techniques to remove adherent vitreous and prevent traction on the retina. The lens implant may be repositioned in the posterior chamber by ciliary sulcus fixation or by transscleral or iris suture fixation. Previous suture fixation techniques require multiple needle penetrations through the sclera, cornea, or both. We described a simplified technique for repositioning a posteriorly dislocated intraocular lens in which sclerotomy incisions are utilized for fixation. Six patients are described, with long-term follow-up demonstrating stable anatomic status and favorable visual outcome.
SU‐FF‐I‐31: Sub‐Second CT Scanner with a 64‐Row Amorphous Silicon Flat Panel (2007)

Purpose: To increase the data acquisition speed and detection limits of amorphous silicon flat panels for use in a low cost multidetector‐row CT (MDCT) scanner with diagnostic image quality. Methods and Materials: A bench‐top sub‐second flat panel (FP) multidetector‐row CT system has been developed using three 64‐row FP detectors. Each FP is 30 cm × 3.3 cm in active area with 576 × 64 pixels that are 0.52 mm per side. A high degree of parallel processing is used to speed the data acquisition from the panels. The FPs are overlapped slightly enabling a scan diameter of 50 cm and slice volumes up to 20 mm. The system has been tested with various detachable scintillators and scans of performance and anthropomorphic phantoms are compared with their diagnostic MDCT scans. Results: The FP MDCT system can achieve full rotation 600 projection scans in 0.5 seconds with 32 rows and 0.6 second partial rotation scans with 64 rows. The image quality of 20 cm diameter performance phantom scans is comparable to a commercial MDCT scanner with similar technique/dose. Medium sized body scans are nearly comparable except for artifacts due to the panel overlaps and lag. Thus far, large body phantom scans are less comparable due to the additional dynamic range requirement, which are not optimized with the current ASIC amplifiers. Conclusion: The results indicate the potential for FP MDCT to be used as a less expensive and less complex alternative to crystalline silicon detectors on MDCT scanners. There is pressure to increase the number of MDCT rows beyond 64 in cardiac imaging to achieve single organ coverage in one scan rotation. The use of larger area FP detectors to achieve greater than 256 rows exists and the sub second speed can be achieved with compensations and a high degree of parallel processing.
Digitally twinned additive manufacturing: Detecting flaws in laser powder bed fusion by combining thermal simulations with in-situ meltpool sensor data (2021)

The goal of this research is the in-situ detection of flaw formation in metal parts made using the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) additive manufacturing process. This is an important area of research, because, despite the considerable cost and time savings achieved, precision-driven industries, such as aerospace and biomedical, are reticent in using LPBF to make safety–critical parts due to tendency of the process to create flaws. Another emerging concern in LPBF, and additive manufacturing in general, is related to cyber security – malicious actors may tamper with the process or plant flaws inside a part to compromise its performance. Accordingly, the objective of this work is to develop and apply a physics and data integrated strategy for online monitoring and detection of flaw formation in LPBF parts. The approach used to realize this objective is based on combining (twinning) in-situ meltpool temperature measurements with a graph theory-based thermal simulation model that rapidly predicts the temperature distribution in the part (thermal history). The novelty of the approach is that the temperature distribution predictions provided by the computational thermal model were updated layer-by-layer with in-situ meltpool temperature measurements. This digital twin approach is applied to detect flaw formation in stainless steel (316L) impeller-shaped parts made using a commercial LPBF system. Four such impellers are produced emulating three pathways of flaw formation in LPBF parts, these are: changes in the processing parameters (process drifts); machine-related malfunctions (lens delamination), and deliberate tampering with the process to plant flaws inside the part (cyber intrusions). The severity and nature of the resulting flaws, such as porosity and microstructure heterogeneity, are characterized ex-situ using X-ray computed tomography, optical and scanning electron microscopy, and electron backscatter diffraction. The digital twin approach is shown to be effective for detection of the three types of flaw formation causes studied in this work.
A New Channel Estimation Using Data-Dependent Pilot Symbols for MC-CDMA Systems With Chip Interleaving (2007)

We propose a new channel-estimation method in a multicarrier-code division multiple access system with chip interleaving. This new method works with code-multiplexed pilot channels and data-dependent pilot symbols, where the reliability of the estimated channel gain is increased by the noise averaging effect. Simulation results show that the performance of the proposed method is comparable to the minimum mean-square error estimation method with less computation complexity
Lectin staining and Western blot data showing differential sialylation of nutrient-deprived cancer cells to sialic acid supplementation (2015)

This report provides data that are specifically related to the differential sialylation of nutrient deprived breast cancer cells to sialic acid supplementation in support of the research article entitled, "Nutrient-deprived cancer cells preferentially use sialic acid to maintain cell surface glycosylation" [1]. Particularly, breast cancer cells, when supplemented with sialic acid under nutrient deprivation, display sialylated glycans at the cell surface, but non-malignant mammary cells show sialylated glycans intracellularly. The impact of sialic acid supplementation under nutrient deprivation was demonstrated by measuring levels of expression and sialylation of two markers, EGFR1 and MUC1. This Data in Brief article complements the main manuscript by providing detailed instructions and representative results for cell-level imaging and Western blot analyses of changes in sialylation during nutrient deprivation and sialic acid supplementation. These methods can be readily generalized for the study of many types of glycosylation and various glycoprotein markers through the appropriate selection of fluorescently-labeled lectins.
The Effect of Gut Microbiome Composition on Human Immune Responses: An Exploration of Interference by Helminth Infections (2019)

<b>Background:</b> Soil-transmitted helminths have been shown to have the immune regulatory capacity, which they use to enhance their long term survival within their host. As these parasites reside in the gastrointestinal tract, they might modulate the immune system through altering the gut bacterial composition. Although the relationships between helminth infections or the microbiome with the immune system have been studied separately, their combined interactions are largely unknown. In this study we aim to analyze the relationship between bacterial communities with cytokine response in the presence or absence of helminth infections. <b>Results:</b> For 66 subjects from a randomized placebo-controlled trial, stool and blood samples were available at both baseline and 21 months after starting three-monthly albendazole treatment. The stool samples were used to identify the helminth infection status and fecal microbiota composition, while whole blood samples were cultured to obtain cytokine responses to innate and adaptive stimuli. When subjects were free of helminth infection (helminth-negative), increasing proportions of <i>Bacteroidetes</i> was associated with lower levels of IL-10 response to LPS {estimate [95% confidence interval (CI)] -1.96 (-3.05, -0.87)}. This association was significantly diminished when subjects were helminth-infected (helminth positive) (<i>p</i>-value for the difference between helminth-negative versus helminth-positive was 0.002). Higher diversity was associated with greater IFN-γ responses to PHA in helminth-negative (0.95 (0.15, 1.75); versus helminth-positive [-0.07 (-0.88, 0.73), <i>p</i>-value = 0.056] subjects. Albendazole treatment showed no direct effect in the association between bacterial proportion and cytokine responses, although the <i>Bacteroidetes</i>' effect on IL-10 responses to LPS tended downward in the albendazole-treated group [-1.74 (-4.08, 0.59)] versus placebo [-0.11 (-0.84, 0.62); <i>p</i>-value = 0.193]. <b>Conclusion:</b> We observed differences in the relationship between gut microbiome composition and immune responses, when comparing individuals infected or uninfected with geohelminths. Although these findings are part of a preliminary exploration, the data support the hypothesis that intestinal helminths may modulate immune responses, in unison with the gut microbiota. <b>Trial Registration:</b> ISRCTN, ISRCTN83830814. Registered 27 February 2008 - Retrospectively registered, http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN83830814.
An approach for studies of mediator‐induced leukocyte rolling in the undisturbed microcirculation of the rat mesentery (1998)

1. Although intravital microscopy is the method of choice for observation of inflammatory leukocyte rolling and adhesion in small venules in vivo, a problem with this technique is that surgical exposure of suitable tissues per se triggers the rolling mechanism. In this study, we describe an approach to investigate induction of rolling in undisturbed microvessels. For this purpose, intravital microscopic observation of leukocyte rolling and adhesion in the rat mesentery was combined with histological determination of the intravascular concentrations of polymorphonuclear and mononuclear leukocytes (PMNL and MNL). 2. By relating the histologically determined number of intravascular leukocytes to either microvessel volume or to the erythrocyte concentration, the baseline MNL and PMNL content was found to be 3-6 fold higher in venules than in systemic blood. This increase in microvessel leukocyte concentration did not seem to be related to leukocyte-endothelium interactions, because the leukocyte concentration was similarly elevated in arterioles where rolling and adhesion did not take place. 3. Preparation of the rat mesentery for intravital microscopy time-dependently increased the venular PMNL concentration to over 100 fold the systemic PMNL concentration 45 min after exteriorization of the small intestine. The MNLs were much less responsive to the preparative manipulation. By treatment with the polysaccharide fucoidin (inhibits rolling but not firm adhesion per se), or by use of intravital microscopy immediately before tissue fixation, approximately 90% of the accumulated venular PMNLs were found to represent rolling cells. 4. Intraperitoneal injection of 10(-3) M histamine increased the venular PMNL (but not the MNL) concentration to almost 50 fold the systemic PMNL value. The histamine response did not vary with venular diameter, and the relative contribution of rolling vs firmly adherent cells to the PMNL, accumulation was again approximately 90%. Intraperitoneal injection of leukotriene C4, but not prostaglandin E2, caused a significant increase in venular PMNL concentration. 5. Systemic treatment with the anti-P-selectin monoclonal antibody PB1.3 had no effect on the histamine-induced venular PMNL accumulation (i.e. rolling) in female Wistar or male Sprague-Dawley rats. On the other hand, identical treatment with PB1.3 very effectively inhibited the histamine-induced PMNL response in the mesentery of rabbits. 6. In conclusion, we have shown that a histologically determined increase in leukocyte concentration in rat mesenteric venules may be used as an index of mediator-induced leukocyte rolling if the relative contribution of rolling and firm leukocyte adhesion is first determined, for example by the means described in this study. This relatively simple approach may be very useful for studying various aspects of leukocyte rolling when the 'spontaneous' rolling triggered by preparation of tissues for intravital microscopy is undesirable.
Facile Synthesis of Innocuous Comb-Shaped Polymethacrylates with PEG Side Chains by Nitroxide-Mediated Radical Polymerization in Hydroalcoholic Solutions (2010)

The nitroxide-mediated copolymerization of poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (MePEGMA) with a small amount of acrylonitrile using an SG1-based alkoxyamine initiator was shown to be a very simple and efficient technique to synthesize graft copolymers with poly(ethylene glycol) side chains. The copolymerizations were carried out in ethanol/water solutions as environmentally friendly media. Following our observation that the rate increased with the proportion of water, a polymerization temperature as low as 71 °C could be used for a water content of 75%, which conferred great flexibility to the process. The so-formed copolymers were living, with high crossover efficiency toward block copolymers. Importantly, following a cytotoxicity study over three different cell lines that represent important mammalian cell types, these polymers were shown to be noncytotoxic even at very high doses without any other purification step than a simple precipitation. These comb-shaped PEG-based polymers may represent an ideal platform for the synthesis of PEGylating moieties for proteins and nanoparticles intended to be used in the biomedical field.
Smaller Birth Size is Associated With Narrower Retinal Arterioles in Early Adolescence (2010)

Children with lower birth weight were more likely to have narrower retinal arterioles, while those with smaller head circumference were more likely to have reduced complexity of their retinal microvasculature. These variations in microvascular structure in adolescence could reflect a susceptibility to cardiovascular disease during adulthood, resulting from a disadvantaged growth environment in utero.
Piezo Dispensed Microarray of Multivalent Chelating Thiols for Dissecting Complex Protein−Protein Interactions (2006)

The fabrication of a novel biochip, designed for dissection of multiprotein complex formation, is reported. An array of metal chelators has been produced by piezo dispensing of a bis-nitrilotriacetic acid (bis-NTA) thiol on evaporated gold thin films, prestructured with a microcontact printed grid of eicosanethiols. The bis-NTA thiol is mixed in various proportions with an inert, tri(ethylene glycol) hexadecane thiol, and the thickness and morphological homogeneity of the dispensed layers are characterized by imaging ellipsometry before and after back-filling with the same inert thiol and subsequent rinsing. It is found that the dispensed areas display a monotonic increase in thickness with increasing molar fraction of bis-NTA in the dispensing solution, and they are consistently a few Angströms thicker than those prepared at the same molar fraction by solution self-assembly under equilibrium-like conditions. The bulkiness of the bis-NTA tail group and the short period of time available for chemisorption and in-plane organization of the dispensed thiols are most likely responsible for the observed difference in thickness. Moreover, the functional properties of this biochip are demonstrated by studying multiple protein-protein interactions using imaging surface plasmon resonance. The subunits of the type I interferon receptor are immobilized as a composition array determined by the surface concentration of bis-NTA in the array elements. Ligand dissociation kinetics depends on the receptor surface concentration, which is ascribed to the formation of a ternary complex by simultaneous interaction of the ligand with the two receptor subunits. Thus, multiplexed monitoring of binding phenomena at various compositions (receptor densities) offers a powerful tool to dissect protein-protein interactions.
Nanostructure fabrication by femtosecond laser with near-field optical enhancement effect (2004)

We will report on nanostructure fabrication on silicon (Si) substrate by 800 nm femtosecond laser pulses. Spherical alumina particles were placed on the substrate surface. After femtosecond laser irradiation at below-ablation-threshold fluences, we have successfully observed the nanoholes formation with around 100 nm in diameter using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM). The dependence of nanohole formation on the laser fluence and laser pulse number was investigated. The mechanism for the nanohole drilling is the near-field optical enhancement effect induced by interaction between local surface plasmon on the particles surface and surface plasmon polariton on the Si substrate surface.
Annealing effect on structural and optical properties of nanostructured carbon of oil fly ash modified titania thin-film (2021)

Dopants and crystallisation influence the photocatalytic performance of eco-friendly titania nanocomposites and consequently improve the quality of applications using titania nanocomposites. In this work, oil fly ash was used as the starting material for producing carbon nanomaterials prepared by high-energy ball milling in an acetic acid medium. Titania/carbon from a carbonaceous oil fly ash (TiO2/COFA) nanocomposite thin-film was fabricated on glass substrates via the spin-coating method. The obtained nanocomposites were then treated using advanced heat technology, where pressure, temperature rate and time duration were controlled. The structural, morphological, optical, and photoluminescence properties of annealed TiO2/COFA thin films are revealed for the first time. Between 300 and 500 °C, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis showed the successful doping of 7 wt% carbon nanoparticles in the TiO2 films. Structural development occurred in the anatase phase, including a decrease in the internal lattice strain and dislocation density and an increase in the crystallite size, leading to improved TiO2/COFA thin films as confirmed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. According to the optical investigations, there were increases in the absorbance, transmittance, and band gap of vacuum-annealed TiO2/COFA thin films with increasing annealing temperatures. The annealed thin films had a higher Urbach’s energy, and the photoluminescence intensities increased at 500 °C, indicating an abundance of defect-induced local electronic states and, subsequently, an improvement in the optical performance of the layers. These results suggest that the nanocomposite thin films may have potential for use as eco-friendly light-harvesting layers in solar cell components.
Hybrid 320 Ton Off Highway Haul Truck: Quarterly Technical Status Report 6 (2004)

Bench scale demonstration results have been analyzed. Power and control circuit interface designs have been carried out.
Polyesters with semifluorinated side chains: A proposal for the solid‐state structure (2000)

A proposal for the solid-state structure of poly(p-phenylene isophthalate) with oxydecylperfluorodecyl side chains is presented, which was calculated by the new Rietveld refinement program BGMN®. A triclinic unit cell with a = 0.575 nm, b = 4.06 nm, c = 2.1 nm, α = 91.2°, β = 85.7°, and γ = 66.1° was obtained using space group symmetry P1¯ (No. 2) with Z = 2. All fractional atom coordinates, reflections and structure factors F were determined. The results show that highly occupied netplanes lie in plane and perpendicularly to the side chains. It may be supposed that these net planes will form the low-energy surface of the polymer. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 38: 1617–1625, 2000
Development of a KNN Ceramic-Based Lead-Free Linear Array Ultrasonic Transducer (2018)

High-frequency array transducers can provide higher imaging resolution than traditional transducers, thus resolving smaller features and producing finer images. Commercially available ultrasonic transducers are mostly made with lead-based piezoelectric materials, which are harmful to the environment and public health. This paper presents the development of the 64-elements high-frequency (18.3 MHz) lead-free linear array ultrasonic transducer based on (K<sub>0.44</sub>Na<sub>0.52</sub>Li<sub>0.04</sub>)(Nb<sub>0.86</sub>Ta<sub>0.1</sub>Sb<sub>0.04</sub>)O<sub>3</sub> (KNLNTS) piezoceramic. Array elements were spaced at a 75- pitch, and interconnected via a custom flexible circuit. The two matching layers and a light backing material were used to improve the performance of the array. The developed KNLNTS ceramic-based lead-free linear array exhibited a center frequency of 18.3 MHz, an average -6-dB bandwidth of 42%, an average two-way insertion loss of 41.8 dB, and a crosstalk between the adjacent elements of less than -53 dB near the center frequency. An image of a tungsten wire phantom was acquired using a Verasonics Vantage research ultrasound system. Results from imaging tests demonstrated a good imaging capability with a spatial resolution of axially and laterally, indicating that the lead-free linear array ultrasonic transducer based on KNLNTS ceramics is a promising alternative to lead-based transducers for ultrasound medical imaging.
29.5 A Single-Chip Optical Phased Array in a 3D-Integrated Silicon Photonics/65nm CMOS Technology (2019)

The realization of a low-cost and robust optical beam-steering platform is a key enabler for a number of applications, including light detection and ranging (LIDAR) and free-space optical communications (FSO). Optical phased arrays (OPAs) have emerged as a promising solution, due to advancements in photonic integrated circuits (PIC) foundry processes, which have enabled high-precision fabrication of PICs with a large number of components [1]-[3]. In order to meet steering range and directivity requirements in systems such as autonomous vehicles, a clear path to scaling OPAs to millimeter-scale apertures with thousands of tight-pitched antenna elements is critical. As the element count grows, independent phase control for each element becomes crucial since maintaining coherence between elements becomes more difficult due to process variations. Moreover, independent control allows for unique system capabilities, such as multi-beam formation and converging/adaptive beams, which makes OPAs a particularly attractive solid-state beamforming technology.
Therapeutic efficacy of a novel βIII/βIV-tubulin inhibitor (VERU-111) in pancreatic cancer (2019)

This study has identified an inhibitor of βIII/βIV tubulins, which appears to have excellent potential as monotherapy or in combination with conventional therapeutic regimens for PanCa treatment.