gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: (TETRATHIAFULVALENE)BIS(ACETYLACETONATO)PALLADIUM(II), (TTF)PD(ACAC)2, A METALLOTETRATHIAETHYLENE CONTAINING NEUTRAL TETRATHIAFULVALENE (1980)

Abstract Die 1:1‐molare Umsetzung von Bis‐[acetylacetonato]‐Pd(II) mit Tetrathiafulvalen in siedendem Acetonitril führt zu dem Titelkomplex (Ausb.‐Angabe in Gramm).
Structured Application-Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) Study (2008)

Many of the digital electronic subsystems in defense applications require the small-size and power efficiency of application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs). Unfortunately, the high price and long design time of ASICs make them prohibitively expensive for low-volume DoD applications or systems requiring a rapid response time. This study introduces the concept of a "structured ASIC" that is an array of building blocks (microprocessors, signal processors, logic blocks, and memories) connected by an interconnection network. The vast majority of demanding DoD applications can be realized by configuring and connecting these building blocks with efficiency comparable to an ASIC but with a fraction of the development time and expense. This study also proposes a programming system that maps a high-level description of an application to a structured ASIC component. While this study has demonstrated the feasibility of structured ASICs, much work remains to mature this technology. This report closes with a set of recommendations for a program to develop this technology further.
Advanced Quantum Communications Experiments with Entangled Photons (2005)

Quantum communication and quantum computation are novel methods of information transfer and information processing, all fundamentally based on the principles of quantum physics. The performances outdo their classical counterparts in many aspects [1,2]. In almost all quantum communication and quantum computation schemes, quantum entanglement [3] plays a decisive role. In essence, an entangled system can carry all information (e.g., on their polarization properties) only in their correlations, while no individual subsystem carries any information. This leads to correlations that are much stronger than classically allowed [89, 100], which is a powerful resource for information processing. It is therefore important to be able to generate, manipulate, and distribute entanglement as accurately and as efficiently as possible.
Verification of the Usefulness of an Assessment and Risk Control Sheet that Promotes Management of Cancer Drug Therapy (2022)

<b>Background:</b> Proper management of adverse events is crucial for the safe and effective implementation of anticancer drug treatment. Showa University Hospital uses our interview sheet (assessment and risk control [ARC] sheet) for the accurate evaluation of adverse events. On the day of anticancer drug treatment, a nurse conducts a face-to-face interview. As a feature of the ARC sheet, by separately describing the symptoms the day before treatment and the day of treatment and sharing the information on the medical record, it is possible to clearly determine the status of adverse events. In this study, we hypothesized that the usefulness and points for improvement of the ARC sheet would be clarified by using and evaluating a patient questionnaire. <b>Methods:</b> This study included 174 patients (144 at Showa University Hospital (Hatanodai Hospital) and 30 at Showa University Koto Toyosu Hospital (Toyosu Hospital) who underwent pre-examination interviews by nurses and received cancer chemotherapy at the outpatient center of Hatanodai and Toyosu Hospital. In the questionnaire survey, the ARC sheet's content and quality, respondents' satisfaction, structural strengths, and points for improvement were evaluated on a five-point scale. <b>Results:</b> The patient questionnaire received responses from 160 participants, including the ARC sheet use group (132 people) and the non-use group (28 people). Unlike the ARC sheet non-use group, the ARC sheet use group recognized that the sheet was useful to understand the adverse events of aphthous ulcers (<i>p</i> = 0.017) and dysgeusia (<i>p</i> = 0.006). In the satisfaction survey questionnaire, there was a high sense of security in the pre-examination interviews by nurses using the ARC sheet. <b>Conclusions:</b> The ARC sheet is considered an effective tool for comprehensively evaluating adverse events. Pre-examination interviews by nurses using ARC sheets accurately determined the adverse events experienced by patients with anxiety and tension due to confrontation with physicians.
An Empirical Study of Metrics to Measure Representational Harms in Pre-Trained Language Models (2023)

Large-scale Pre-Trained Language Models (PTLMs) capture knowledge from massive human-written data which contains latent societal biases and toxic contents. In this paper, we leverage the primary task of PTLMs, i.e., language modeling, and propose a new metric to quantify manifested implicit representational harms in PTLMs towards 13 marginalized demographics. Using this metric, we conducted an empirical analysis of 24 widely used PTLMs. Our analysis provides insights into the correlation between the proposed metric in this work and other related metrics for representational harm. We observe that our metric correlates with most of the gender-specific metrics in the literature. Through extensive experiments, we explore the connections between PTLMs architectures and representational harms across two dimensions: depth and width of the networks. We found that prioritizing depth over width, mitigates representational harms in some PTLMs. Our code and data can be found at https://github.com/microsoft/SafeNLP.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Oxazoles and Thiazoles Using Thioimidates. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
High Temperature Steam Corrosion of Cladding for Nuclear Applications: Experimental (2013)

Stability of cladding materials under off-normal conditions is an important issue for the safe operation of light water nuclear reactors. Metals, ceramics, and metal/ceramic composites are being investigated as substitutes for traditional zirconium-based cladding. To support down-selection of these advanced materials and designs, a test apparatus was constructed to study the onset and evolution of cladding oxidation, and deformation behavior of cladding materials, under loss-of-coolant accident scenarios. Preliminary oxidation tests were conducted in dry oxygen and in saturated steam/air environments at 1000OC. Tube samples of Zr-702, Zr-702 reinforced with 1 ply of a ß-SiC CMC overbraid, and sintered a-SiC were tested. Samples were induction heated by coupling to a molybdenum susceptor inside the tubes. The deformation behavior of He-pressurized tubes of Zr-702 and SiC CMC-reinforced Zr-702, heated to rupture, was also examined.
Frontotemporal Dementias (2008)

This issue is a dedicated supplement published in addition to the regular issues of 'Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders' focussing on one specific topic. 'Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders' is a well-respected, international peer-reviewed journal in Neurology. Supplement issues are included in the subscription.
Výpočtové modelování aerodynamického hluku při obtékání tělesa (2016)

Diplomová práce se zabývá výpočtovým modelováním aerodynamického hluku při obtékání těles. V úvodní části diplomové práce je na vzorové úloze nasimulováno proudění kolem statického válce. Simulace jsou provedeny pro různé hustoty sítě a časový krok. Výsledky ze simulací jsou porovnány mezi sebou a bude demonstrována konvergence výsledků v závislosti na hustotě sítě. Další řešenou úlohou je výpočet aerodynamického hluku při obtékání kolem statického válce. Tato úloha je složitějšího charakteru, jelikož zde dochází k turbulentnímu proudění. Výpočet aerodynamického hluku je proveden na základě dvou přístupů, a to akustické analogie a přímé metody založené na stlačitelném proudění. V diplomové práci jsou dále uvedeny a demonstrovány vybrané modely turbulence a analyzován vliv na přesnost výpočtu aerodynamického hluku. Všechny poznatky z předchozích úloh jsou aplikovány a využity při výpočtu aerodynamického hluku při obtékání zjednodušeného modelu zpětného bočního zrcátka automobilu. Byl vytvořen rovinný (2D) a prostorový (3D) model a aerodynamický hluk je počítán pomocí Ffowcs Wiliams and Hawkings akustické analogie s DES modelem turbulence. V poslední části diplomové práce je analyzován vliv upravené geometrie zpětného bočního zrcátka na vyzařovaný hluk. Použití uchycení zrcátka vedlo k lepším aerodynamickým vlastnostem a menšímu výslednému aerodynamickému hluku.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF THE CIS‐ AND TRANS‐DIBROMOBIS(ETHYLENEDIAMINE)RUTHENIUM(III) CATIONS (1984)

Abstract Das photochemische Verhalten der Titelkomplexe ist ebenso wie das ihrer Monoaquotisierungsprodukte abgesehen von den zahlenmäßigen Werten der Quantenausb.
Adaptive rate control using nonlinear regression (2003)

This paper presents a simple, fast, and accurate rate-control algorithm using nonlinear regression that plays a central role in estimation theory. We measure a conditional mean by estimating a joint probability density function (PDF) using Parzen's (1962) window. The training data pick up the nonlinear rate-distortion (R-D) relationship between the quantization parameter (QP) and the bits spent for each macroblock depending on the sum of absolute differences (SAD). We increase the accuracy of this joint PDF by clustering the training data depending on the QP values within admissible ranges. This localization helps understand image characteristics more accurately. Then we apply the adaptive vector quantization (AVQ) to simplify the conditional mean estimation of the rate given the SAD and QP values. This information is stored into three look-up tables. They contain the localized R-D function on macroblock basis. We use these tables to find the optimal QP values in least-mean-square sense for a given bit budget of the current frame. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the informative MPEG-4 rate-control algorithm in terms of reproduced image quality and coding efficiency. Our algorithm gives better image quality using much fewer bits. Most of all, it keeps the bit rate very accurately due to the accuracy of the conditional mean estimator that solves the nonlinear R-D function.
A generalized framework for stain separation in digital pathology applications (2016)

Microscopic examination of stained tissue sections obtained from biopsies forms the foundation of pathologically diagnosing diseased organs. Although offering a multi-scale view of the system pathology, interpretation is often subjective. Inter- and intra-observer variation in reporting due to limitations in tissue staining methods accounts for this subjectivity. Variation in stain uptake often leads to spectral overlap, variation in image intensities thus affecting the spectral signatures of imaged section and challenging computer assisted diagnosis. Stain density estimation techniques often referred to as digital stain separation have been introduced to overcome such limitations through quantification of amount of local stain uptake by a tissue. This is achieved by decorrelating the spectrally spread signal received by the color imaging sensor. Both blind and unblinded methods have been proposed with each having its own benefit. We focus on devising a framework for robust estimation of color deconvolution matrices as the basis for unblinded method. Here we propose a generalized framework using the Beer-Lambert intensity decay law for relating the stain uptake at a region to the resulting color and impose a Maxwellian chromaticity based regularization factor for solving the deconvolution matrix. The algorithm is trained and tested over different combinations of HE, VG and PAS stained cervical biopsy samples. The performance is validated using a 6-fold cross validation technique for each stain family and error in estimation measured across folds using MSE of stain uptake measurement. This generalized framework can be appropriately modified to other histopathological and immunohistochemical compound staining methods in brightfield microscopy.
Comparison of Torque Production and Design of Switched Reluctance and Variable Flux Reluctance Machines (2018)

In this paper, the discrepancies in torque production and design parameters (particularly rotor pole arc) for switched reluctance machines (SRMs) and variable flux reluctance machines (VFRMs) are analyzed. The analytical torque equations are derived for both machines. From this, the average torque production is found to be proportional to the fundamental self-inductance component, which is maximized via variance in rotor pole arc during optimization. Firstly, the analysis is performed under linear conditions, then taking into account saturation with the aid of the frozen permeability method. When the core is non-linear and both machines are operated under the same copper loss conditions with a fixed stator pole arc, the VFRM suffers from more saturation than the SRM. Consequently, the optimal rotor pole arc of VFRM for maximizing the fundamental inductance and average torque are always smaller than those of the SRM under all load conditions.
View Synthesis Prediction in the 3-D Video Coding Extensions of AVC and HEVC (2014)

Advanced multiview video systems are able to generate intermediate viewpoints of a 3-D scene. To enable low-complexity free view generation, texture and its associated depth are used as input data for each viewpoint. To improve the coding efficiency of such content, view synthesis prediction (VSP) is proposed to further reduce interview redundancy in addition to traditional disparity compensated prediction. This paper describes and analyzes rate-distortion optimized VSP designs, which were adopted in the 3-D extensions of both Advanced Video Coding (AVC) and High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC). In particular, we propose a novel backward-VSP scheme using a derived disparity vector, as well as efficient signalling methods in the context of AVC and HEVC. In addition, we put forward a novel depth-assisted motion vector prediction method to optimize the coding efficiency. A thorough analysis of coding performance is provided using different VSP schemes and configurations. Experimental results demonstrate average bit rate reductions of 2.5% and 1.2% in AVC and HEVC coding frameworks, respectively, with up to 23.1% bit rate reduction for dependent views.
Saccharospirillum mangrovi sp. nov., a bacterium isolated from mangrove sediment (2018)

A Gram-negative, spirilla, non-spore-forming, motile and strictly aerobic bacterium, designated HK-33<sup>T</sup>, was isolated from a mangrove sediment sample in Haikou city, Hainan Province, China. Strain HK-33<sup>T</sup> was able to grow at 10-45 °C (optimum 37 °C), 0.5-12.0 % (w/v) NaCl (2.0 %, w/v) and pH 5.5-8.5 (pH 7.0). The major cellular fatty acids were C16 : 0 and summed feature 8 (C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c). Ubiquinone-8 was the predominant respiratory quinone, and Q-9 was present in trace amounts. The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified phospholipids, two unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified aminophosphoglycolipid and two unidentified lipids. The DNA G+C content was 57.3 mol%. According to 16S rRNA gene sequences similarity, strain HK-33<sup>T</sup> shared 98.6 %, 96.4%, 95.7 and 94.9 % sequence similarities to the species Saccharospirillum correiae CPA1<sup>T</sup>, Saccharospirillum impatiens EL-105<sup>T</sup>, Saccharospirillum salsuginis YIM-Y25<sup>T</sup> and Saccharospirillum aestuarii IMCC 4453<sup>T</sup>, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that strain HK-33<sup>T</sup> was clustered with S. correiae CPA1<sup>T</sup>, S. impatiens EL-105<sup>T</sup>, S. salsuginis YIM-Y25<sup>T</sup> and S. aestuarii IMCC 4453<sup>T</sup>. Results of DNA-DNA hybridization analysis revealed that strain HK-33<sup>T</sup> shared 36.3±1.7 % DNA relatedness with S. correiae CPA1<sup>T</sup>. On the basis of its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics, strain HK-33<sup>T</sup> is considered to represent a novel species in the genus Saccharospirillum, for which the name Saccharospirillummangrovi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HK-33<sup>T</sup> (=KCTC 62178<sup>T</sup>=MCCC 1K03440<sup>T</sup>).
Quantitative Performance Metrics with Long Wave Infrared Multiple Aperture Cameras (2008)

We characterize a long wave infrared multiple aperture imaging system by experimentally measuring its Noise Equivalent Temperature Difference and modulation transfer function. These results are compared with a conventional system.
Electrohydrodynamically formed structures of carbonaceous material (2023)

A method for the electrohydrodynamic deposition of carbonaceous materials utilizing an electrohydrodynamic cell comprising two electrodes comprised of a conductive material, by first combining a solid phase comprising a carbonaceous material and a suspension medium, placing the suspension between the electrodes, applying an electric field in a first direction, varying the intensity of the electric field sufficiently to drive lateral movement, increasing the electrical field to stop the lateral transport and fix the layers in place, then removing the applied field and removing the electrodes. Among the many different possibilities contemplated, the method may advantageously utilize: varying the spacing between the electrodes; removing the buildup from one or both electrodes; placing the electrodes into different suspensions; adjusting the concentration, pH, or temperature of the suspension(s); and varying the direction, intensity or duration of the electric fields.
In SituOn‐Line Monitoring of Fermentation Processes: A Cool Tool for Biopharmaceutical Production (2013)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Single Parameter Sensor Applications Multiparameter Sensors 2D Fluorecence is a New Method for Bioprocess Monitoring Discussion References
Mechanical Comparison of Cyclic Loading in Five Different First Metatarsal Shaft Osteotomies (2002)

The purposes of the current study were: 1. to analyze the relative fatigue endurance of five different first metatarsal shaft osteotomies (proximal crescentic, proximal chevron, Ludloff, Mau, and Scarf), as performed on sawbone models using the most common fixation techniques (part I); and 2. to compare the two more commonly used techniques (per part I results) in matched-pair cadaver specimens (part II). In part I, the proximal chevron and Mau osteotomies were significantly more stable (P < or = 0.005) than all other osteotomies except the Ludloff. In part II, there was no significant difference in fatigue endurance between the proximal chevron and Ludloff osteotomies.
Lipid-Sensing High-Throughput ApoA-I Assays (2012)

Apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I), a primary protein component of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), plays an important role in cholesterol metabolism mediating the formation of HDL and the efflux of cellular cholesterol from macrophage foam cells in arterial walls. Lipidation of ApoA-I is mediated by adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binding cassette A1 (ABCA1). Insufficient ABCA1 activity may lead to increased risk of atherosclerosis due to reduced HDL formation and cholesterol efflux. The standard radioactive assay for measuring cholesterol transport to ApoA-I has low throughput and poor dynamic range, and it fails to measure phospholipid transfer. We describe the development of two sensitive, nonradioactive high-throughput assays that report on the lipidation of ApoA-I: a homogeneous assay based on time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET) and a discontinuous assay that uses the label-free Epic platform. The TR-FRET assay employs HiLyte Fluor 647-labeled ApoA-I with N-terminal biotin bound to streptavidin-terbium. When fluorescent ApoA-I was incorporated into HDL, TR-FRET decreased proportionally to the increase in the ratio of lipids to ApoA-I, demonstrating that the assay was sensitive to the amount of lipid bound to ApoA-I. In the Epic assay, biotinylated ApoA-I was captured on a streptavidin-coated biosensor. Measured resonant wavelength shift was proportional to the amount of lipids associated with ApoA-I, indicating that the assay senses ApoA-I lipidation.
OS-MAC: An Efficient MAC Protocol for Spectrum-Agile Wireless Networks (2008)

Wireless networks and devices have been rapidly gaining popularity over their wired counterparts. This popularity, in turn, has been generating an explosive and ever-increasing demand for, and hence creating a shortage of, the radio spectrum. Existing studies indicate that this foreseen spectrum shortage is not so much due to the scarcity of the radio spectrum, but due to the inefficiency of current spectrum access methods, thus leaving spectrum opportunities along both the time and the frequency dimensions that wireless devices can exploit. Fortunately, recent technological advances have made it possible to build software-defined radios (SDRs) which, unlike traditional radios, can switch from one frequency band to another at little or no cost. We propose a MAC protocol, called Opportunistic Spectrum MAC (OS-MAC), for wireless networks equipped with cognitive radios like SDRs. OS-MAC (1) adaptively and dynamically seeks and exploits opportunities in both licensed and unlicensed spectra and along both the time and the frequency dimensions; (2) accesses and shares spectrum among different unlicensed and licensed users; and (3) coordinates with other unlicensed users for better spectrum utilization. Using extensive simulation, OS-MAC is shown to be far more effective than current access protocols from both the network's and the user's perspectives. By comparing its performance with an Ideal-MAC protocol, OS-MAC is also shown to not only outperform current access protocols, but also achieve performance very close to that obtainable under the Ideal-MAC protocol.
Robustness study of free-text speaker identification and verification (1993)

Usable free-text speaker identification and voice verification systems must exhibit robustness under varying operational conditions. The authors study the degree of robustness provided by various signal processing techniques by experimenting on a widely used long distance telephone database. This database consists of data recorded at two different sites, with data from one site much poorer in quality than that from the other. Further, the recording equipment had been inadvertently changed for the later half of the sessions, resulting in a significantly changed environment. The combination of techniques that provide consistent and significant improvements is identified. The present results surpass other published results on the same task. Specifically, in the task of identifying 16 speakers with training data from the recording prior to equipment change and testing on data from a set after the change (the most challenging condition), a correct identification rate of 87.5% with an average rank of 1.12 was obtained.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>