gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spatially and temporally resolved crystal spectrometer for diagnosing high-temperature pinch plasmas on Z (1999)

We have developed a spatially and temporally resolved crystal spectrometer for analyzing a variety of pinch experiments on Z. The spectrometer uses a convex curved crystal to disperse spectra onto a flat microchannel plate (MCP) framing camera detector. A single wide, 1 cm, strip on the MCP is gated to provide temporal resolution. The spectral range governed by the 4 cm length of the MCP strip varies with the central Bragg angle and crystal. For a KAP crystal a typical range is 1500–2000 eV. This range can be shifted by translating the crystal along the optical axis to access different Bragg angles. The spectrometer can therefore measure K shell spectra of a wide variety of elements such as Al, Ti, and Fe. The short 1 cm width of the strip is spatially resolved with an imaging cross slit. With a 500 μm cross slit and magnification 1 the spatial resolution at the pinch is 1 mm. The instrument may also be fielded with seven time frames using a seven strip-line microchannel plate as the detector by sacrificing the spatial resolution. We will present data obtained from an aluminum pinch on Z.
Performance of R-32/R-125/R-134a mixtures in systems with accumulators or flooded evaporators (1997)

R-32/R-125/R-134a mixtures are zeotropic, having vapor compositions that are different from the liquid compositions. These differences can lead to changes in refrigerant circulating compositions, depending on system design features such as suction line accumulators and refrigerant on the shell side of flooded evaporators. Values for inside-tube and outside-tube heat transfer coefficients are also affected by the different vapor/liquid compositions. These factors lead to the opportunity for increased heating capacity of heat pumps with accumulators but to reduce capacity and energy efficiency in water chillers having flooded evaporators.
A Microarray-Based Genetic Screen for Yeast Chronological Aging Factors (2010)

Model organisms have played an important role in the elucidation of multiple genes and cellular processes that regulate aging. In this study we utilized the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in a large-scale screen for genes that function in the regulation of chronological lifespan, which is defined by the number of days that non-dividing cells remain viable. A pooled collection of viable haploid gene deletion mutants, each tagged with unique identifying DNA "bar-code" sequences was chronologically aged in liquid culture. Viable mutants in the aging population were selected at several time points and then detected using a microarray DNA hybridization technique that quantifies abundance of the barcode tags. Multiple short- and long-lived mutants were identified using this approach. Among the confirmed short-lived mutants were those defective for autophagy, indicating a key requirement for the recycling of cellular organelles in longevity. Defects in autophagy also prevented lifespan extension induced by limitation of amino acids in the growth media. Among the confirmed long-lived mutants were those defective in the highly conserved de novo purine biosynthesis pathway (the ADE genes), which ultimately produces IMP and AMP. Blocking this pathway extended lifespan to the same degree as calorie (glucose) restriction. A recently discovered cell-extrinsic mechanism of chronological aging involving acetic acid secretion and toxicity was suppressed in a long-lived ade4Delta mutant and exacerbated by a short-lived atg16Delta autophagy mutant. The identification of multiple novel effectors of yeast chronological lifespan will greatly aid in the elucidation of mechanisms that cells and organisms utilize in slowing down the aging process.
Versatile Diffractive Flat Optics (2020)

Recently, we have shown that allowing the phase in the image plane of a flat lens to be a free parameter enables imaging properties of unprecedented versatility in flat, multilevel diffractive lenses through careful design of different diffractive surfaces. The properties we have shown in such flat lenses include super-achromaticity, extreme depth-of-focus and high numerical aperture. These flat lenses can be easily fabricated using one-step grayscale lithography.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Zincophorin. (1988)

Abstract The total synthesis of the title compound (XIV), a zinc‐binding antibiotic, is described starting from the aldehyde (I).
HIV-2 Encephalitis: Case Report and Literature Review (2012)

We report the case of a 59-year-old man who moved from Cape Verde to Massachusetts at the age of 29. He had multiple sexual contacts with female partners in Cape Verde and with West African women in Massachusetts, as well as multiple past indeterminate HIV-1 antibody tests. He presented to our facility with 2-3 months of inappropriate behaviors, memory impairment, weight loss, and night sweats, at which time he was found to have an abnormal enhancing lesion of the corpus collosum on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Laboratory testing revealed a CD4 count of 63 cells/mm(3), positive HIV-2 Western blot, serum HIV-2 RNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of 1160 copies per milliliter and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) HIV-2 RNA PCR of 2730 copies per milliliter. Brain biopsy demonstrated syncytial giant cells centered around small blood vessels and accompanied by microglia, which correlated with prior pathologic descriptions of HIV-2 encephalitis and with well-described findings of HIV-1 encephalitis. Based on genotype resistance assay results, treatment guidelines, and prior studies validating success with lopinavir-ritonavir, he was treated with tenofovir-emtricitabine and lopinavir-ritonavir, which has led to virologic suppression along with steady neurologic and radiologic improvement, although he continues to have deficits.
T lymphocyte lines producing or vaccinating against autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Functional activation induces peanut agglutinin receptors and accumulation in the brain and thymus of line cells (1983)

We studied lines of rat T cells, specifically reactive against myelin basic protein (BP), that were functional in mediating autoimmune encephalomyelitis or in vaccinating rats against induction of active EAE. Herein we report that these functions depended on activation of the cells by incubation with BP or with a T cell mitogen prior to inoculation into recipient rats. Activation was accompanied by the exposure of membrane-binding sites specific for the lectin peanut agglutinin. Accumulation of activated line cells in the central nervous system and thymus gland was observed.
Preliminary results of a physical model for extrapolating the wind field over complex terrain (2022)

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;In complex terrain, wind power production depends not only on wind velocity but on wind direction too. Estimating such volatile variables is a difficult but essential task for the installation of a Wind Turbine (WT) and the operation of Wind Farm (WF). Our goal is to create a short term (5-15min) forecasting physical model when terrain complexity excludes measurements using long-range scanning lidars. In this study we will try to extrapolate the wind field over a wind farm with the use of steady state CFD simulations. Steady state RANS CFD simulations are extremely faster than time dependent ones (LES), which makes them fast enough for operational use, as well as for estimating wind flow over a wanted location for many different scenarios.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;amp;#160;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;The computer used for the simulations has 24-cores and 128gb ram installed. The software used for the simulations is COMSOL Multiphysics. In this study, each steady state simulation represents 10 min averages and the computational time needed is below 2 min. The simulations were run for an area 2.5x2x0.6 km&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;3&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; large with a non-uniform mesh and the distance between computational nodes ranging from 22,5 to 75.5m in the area of interest.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;amp;#160;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Wind measurements from a vertical Wind Profile LIDAR installed at CRES WF located at Lavrio (Greece), were used for the validation of the model. The terrain location is complex with a RIX index of 10%. Lidar measurements at 6 different heights (54 m, 78 m, 100 m, 120 m, 140 m, 160 m) were used as inlet conditions after being vertically extrapolated and interpolated, acknowledging the factors that govern lidar accuracy in complex. The inlet plane was positioned 1.3 km away from the LIDAR location. Horizontal homogeneity was assumed at inlet plane. The simulations were run at an expanded area to capture the effects of the terrain on wind movement, because of lack of more measurement locations.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;amp;#160;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Results from 291 simulations that were corrected with linear regression, were compared with data from the three WTs and the LIDAR. Extreme errors were detected when sudden changes in wind speed or direction were observed. The maximum mean absolute error (MAE) of wind velocity with respect to LIDAR measurements at all available heights is 0.28 m/s and the minimum is 0.17 m/s.&amp;amp;#160; In addition, absolute errors are smaller than 0.7 m/s and maximum absolute percentage error is 11% for 95% of the estimations. The accuracy of the model increases with height because of the terrain anomalies and turbulence effects.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;
Analytical Quality by Design Approach to Test Method Development and Validation in Drug Substance Manufacturing (2015)

Pharmaceutical industry has been emerging rapidly for the last decade by focusing on product Quality, Safety, and Efficacy. Pharmaceutical firms increased the number of product development by using scientific tools such as QbD (Quality by Design) and PAT (Process Analytical Technology). ICH guidelines Q8 to Q11 have discussed QbD implementation in API synthetic process and formulation development. ICH Q11 guidelines clearly discussed QbD approach for API synthesis with examples. Generic companies are implementing QbD approach in formulation development and even it is mandatory for USFDA perspective. As of now there is no specific requirements for AQbD (Analytical Quality by Design) and PAT in analytical development from all regulatory agencies. In this review, authors have discussed the implementation of QbD and AQbD simultaneously for API synthetic process and analytical methods development. AQbD key tools are identification of ATP (Analytical Target Profile), CQA (Critical Quality Attributes) with risk assessment, Method Optimization and Development with DoE, MODR (method operable design region), Control Strategy, AQbD Method Validation, and Continuous Method Monitoring (CMM). Simultaneous implementation of QbD activities in synthetic and analytical development will provide the highest quality product by minimizing the risks and even it is very good input for PAT approach.
Towards Tracking Semantic Change by Visual Analytics (2011)

This paper presents a new approach to detecting and tracking changes in word meaning by visually modeling and representing diachronic development in word contexts. Previous studies have shown that computational models are capable of clustering and disambiguating senses, a more recent trend investigates whether changes in word meaning can be tracked by automatic methods. The aim of our study is to offer a new instrument for investigating the diachronic development of word senses in a way that allows for a better understanding of the nature of semantic change in general. For this purpose we combine techniques from the field of Visual Analytics with unsupervised methods from Natural Language Processing, allowing for an interactive visual exploration of semantic change. 1
Residual Drift Response of SMRFs and BRB Frames in Steel Buildings Designed according to ASCE 7-05 (2010)

A recent study has shown that residual drifts after earthquakes that are greater than 0.5% in buildings may represent a complete loss of the structure from an economic perspective. To study the comparative residual drift response of special moment-resisting frames (SMRFs) and buckling-restrained braced (BRB) frames, buildings between 2 and 12 stories in height are designed according to ASCE 7-05 and investigated numerically. This investigation includes pushover analyses as well as two-dimensional nonlinear time-history analyses for two ground motion hazard levels. The two systems show similar peak drifts and drift concentration factors. The BRB frames experience larger residual drifts than the SMRFs; however, the scatter in the residual drift results is large. Expressions are proposed to estimate the residual drifts of these systems as a function of the expected peak drifts, the initial recoverable elastic drift, and the drift concentration factor of each system. When subjected to a second identical earthquake, both framing systems experienced larger-than-expected drifts when an initial drift greater than 0.5% was present.
Intelligent Surfaces for 6G Wireless Networks: A Survey of Optimization\n and Performance Analysis Techniques (2020)

This paper surveys the optimization frameworks and performance analysis\nmethods for large intelligent surfaces (LIS), which have been emerging as\nstrong candidates to support the sixth-generation wireless physical platforms\n(6G). Due to their ability to adjust the behavior of interacting\nelectromagnetic (EM) waves through intelligent manipulations of the reflections\nphase shifts, LIS have shown promising merits at improving the spectral\nefficiency of wireless networks. In this context, researchers have been\nrecently exploring LIS technology in depth as a means to achieve programmable,\nvirtualized, and distributed wireless network infrastructures. From a system\nlevel perspective, LIS have also been proven to be a low-cost, green,\nsustainable, and energy-efficient solution for 6G systems. This paper provides\na unique blend that surveys the principles of operation of LIS, together with\ntheir optimization and performance analysis frameworks. The paper first\nintroduces the LIS technology and its physical working principle. Then, it\npresents various optimization frameworks that aim to optimize specific\nobjectives, namely, maximizing energy efficiency, sum-rate, secrecy-rate, and\ncoverage. The paper afterwards discusses various relevant performance analysis\nworks including capacity analysis, the impact of hardware impairments on\ncapacity, uplink/downlink data rate analysis, and outage probability. The paper\nfurther presents the impact of adopting the LIS technology for positioning\napplications. Finally, we identify numerous exciting open challenges for\nLIS-aided 6G wireless networks, including resource allocation problems, hybrid\nradio frequency/visible light communication (RF-VLC) systems, health\nconsiderations, and localization.\n
Abstract 3526: Subcutaneous administration of PSMA/CD3-bispecific BiTE antibody MT112/BAY 2010112 leads to complete remission of human prostate cancer xenografts in mice (2012)

Abstract Blinatumomab, a CD19/CD3-bispecific BiTE antibody has shown high response rates and durable remissions in patients with relapsed or refractory acute lymphocytic leukemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. For treatment of patients with prostate cancer (PCa), we have developed a novel BiTE antibody, MT112/BAY2010112, that is bispecific for prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) and the CD3 epsilon subunit of the T cell receptor complex. MT112/BAY 2010112 binds PSMA and CD3 of human and macaque origin allowing for assessment of safety, pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics in a relevant animal species. PSMA expressing human PCa cell lines VCaP, 22Rv1, MDA PCa 2b, C4-2, PC3-PSMA and LNCaP were lysed by freshly isolated, unstimulated human T cells redirected by MT112/BAY2010112 at EC50 values ranging between 0.1 and 4 ng/ml (1.8-72 pM). Efficacy of lysis correlated with levels of surface expressed PSMA. No lysis was observed in PSMA-negative PCa cell lines PC3 and DU145, showing the target antigen-specific activity of MT112/BAY2010112. The relevance of cynomolgus monkeys for further nonclinical safety evaluation of MT112/BAY 2010112 was demonstrated by in vitro side-by-side comparison of the BiTE antibody's pharmacological characteristics in human and cynomolgus monkey assay systems. For studying the activity of MT112/BAY 2010112 after subcutaneous (s.c.) administration, human 22Rv1 PCa xenografts were grown s.c. in mice to sizes of &amp;gt;200 mm3 in the absence of human T cells. Three days prior to treatment with BiTE, ex-vivo expanded human T cells were intraperitoneally injected. Animals were treated s.c. at 2.5 mg/kg/d or intravenously (i.v.) at 0.5 mg/kg/d for 28 consecutive days. S.c. administration of MT112/BAY 2010112 resulted in a similar drug exposure, rapid shrinkage and complete remission of established PCa xenografts as seen upon i.v. administration of the BiTE antibody. Treatment with human T cells or vehicle alone had no effect on tumor growth. Compared to i.v. administration, the relative bioavailability of the PSMA BiTE in serum after s.c. injection in mice was approximately 18%. Initial results will be presented showing that 14C-labeled MT112/BAY 2010112 accumulates in s.c. implanted LNCaP PCa tumors of mice after tail vein injection. Based on these preclinical in vivo pharmacology results, treatment of PCa patients with s.c. administered MT112/BAY2010112 appears to be justified. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3526. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3526
Sustainable Tourism and Local Development in Apulia Region (2011)

This document intends to provide a discussion of issues related to tourism and local development in Apulia region (Italy), an assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of current practices in related policy implementation, and recommendations and guidance on how the Apulia Government can establish and implement a successful sustainable tourism and local development strategy in the Region.
Combined PET/CT imaging using a single, dual-modality tomograph: a promising approach to clinical oncology of the future (2000)

Computed tomography (CT) is a widely-used anatomical imaging modality that was introduced in the early 1970s [1] and appeared in clinical practice a few years later [18,32]. CT offers good spatial resolution and low levels of statistical noise, resulting in morphological images of high quality. In general, radiological imaging techniques reveal anatomical changes, such as tumor development, associated with the underlying functional abnormality.KeywordsAttenuation CorrectionPositron Emission TomograCompute Tomography TransmissionComputer Assist TomographyCompute Tomography ComponentThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Fast and Secure Three-party Computation (2015)

Many deployments of secure multi-party computation (MPC) in practice have used information-theoretic three-party protocols that tolerate a single, semi-honest corrupt party, since these protocols enjoy very high efficiency. We propose a new approach for secure three-party computation (3PC) that improves security while maintaining practical efficiency that is competitive with traditional information-theoretic protocols. Our protocol is based on garbled circuits and provides security against a single, malicious corrupt party. Unlike information-theoretic 3PC protocols, ours uses a constant number of rounds. Our protocol only uses inexpensive symmetric-key cryptography: hash functions, block ciphers, pseudorandom generators (in particular, no oblivious transfers) and has performance that is comparable to that of Yao's (semi-honest) 2PC protocol.
The Polarization Ray Tracing Calculus (2014)

The polarization ray tracing calculus facilitates the analysis of polarization dependent point spread functions and optical transfer functions, and can integrate many different polarization models including thin films, anisotropic materials, anisotropic multilayers, diffractive optics, and liquid crystals.
Dendron-Combined Poly(4-diphenyl- aminium-1,2-phenylenevinylene):  An Isolated Multiplet Molecule (2004)

[structure: see text] Poly[4-(N,N-bis(4-3,5-bis(3,5-bis(benzyloxy)benzyloxy)benzyloxyphenyl)amino)-1,2-phenylenevinylene] was prepared by the palladium-catalyzed polycondensation of the dendron-coupled bromostyrene and oxidized to yield the corresponding poly(aminium cationic radical): The dendron-combined polyradical molecule displayed both a substantial chemical stability and a multiplet state without any intermolecular interaction.
Broadband antireflective structures for the THz spectral range fabricated on high resistive float zone silicon (2008)

Antireflective structures for a spectral range from 0.1-1.2 THz are applied to the surface of high resistive float zone silicon by deep reactive ion etching. Binary hexagonal and rectangular structures yield an increase in the pulse maximum of the electric field strength of about 20 percent for one structured surface.
Impact of Age on Outcomes in Patients With Cardiogenic Shock (2021)

<b>Background:</b> Advanced age is associated with poor outcomes in cardiovascular emergencies. We sought to determine the association of age, use of support devices and shock severity on mortality in cardiogenic shock (CS). <b>Methods:</b> Characteristics and outcomes in CS patients included in the Cardiogenic Shock Work Group (CSWG) registry from 8 US sites between 2016 and 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were subdivided by age into quintiles and Society for Cardiovascular Angiography & Interventions (SCAI) shock severity. <b>Results:</b> We reviewed 1,412 CS patients with a mean age of 59.9 ± 14.8 years, including 273 patients > 73 years of age. Older patients had significantly higher comorbidity burden including diabetes, hypertension and coronary artery disease. Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was used in 332 (23%) patients, Impella in 410 (29%) and intra-aortic balloon pump in 770 (54%) patients. Overall in-hospital survival was 69%, which incrementally decreased with advancing age (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Higher age was associated with higher mortality across all SCAI stages (<i>p</i> = 0.003 for SCAI stage C; <i>p</i> < 0.001 for SCAI stage D; <i>p</i> = 0.005 for SCAI stage E), regardless of etiology (<i>p</i> < 0.001). <b>Conclusion:</b> Increasing age is associated with higher in-hospital mortality in CS across all stages of shock severity. Hence, in addition to other comorbidities, increasing age should be prioritized during patient selection for device support in CS.
STT-MRAM array performance improvement through optimization of Ion Beam Etch and MTJ for Last-Level Cache application (2021)

We present a detailed study of the impact of damage minimizing patterning schemes on the electrical performance of perpendicular STT-MRAM devices at array level, compatible with 22 nm CMOS technology node. By employing a novel patterning scheme involving physical ion beam etch (IBE), etchback and oxidation steps, we show reduction in switching voltage (32%), switching energy (20%) and an improvement in the reliability window (20%), as compared to the conventional physical etch. These improvements are reported in conjunction with 10-year data retention (Δ), WER ~ 1 ppm and 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">8</sup> cycling on 1 kbit cells. We attribute these improvements to a significant reduction in free layer (FL) damage. Morphological studies highlighting the minimization of oxygen penetration and the subsequent bird's beak formation around the FL strongly support our understanding. These results highlight a possible tuning knob in the IBE process to improve the device performance significantly and may help to improve the tail bits.