gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Store-operated Ca2+ entry supports contractile function in hearts of hibernators (2017)

Hibernators have a distinctive ability to adapt to seasonal changes of body temperature in a range between 37°C and near freezing, exhibiting, among other features, a unique reversibility of cardiac contractility. The adaptation of myocardial contractility in hibernation state relies on alterations of excitation contraction coupling, which becomes less-dependent from extracellular Ca2+ entry and is predominantly controlled by Ca2+ release from sarcoplasmic reticulum, replenished by the Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA). We found that the specific SERCA inhibitor cyclopiazonic acid (CPA), in contrast to its effect in papillary muscles (PM) from rat hearts, did not reduce but rather potentiated contractility of PM from hibernating ground squirrels (GS). In GS ventricles we identified drastically elevated, compared to rats, expression of Orai1, Stim1 and Trpc1/3/4/5/6/7 mRNAs, putative components of store operated Ca2+ channels (SOC). Trpc3 protein levels were found increased in winter compared to summer GS, yet levels of Trpc5, Trpc6 or Trpc7 remained unchanged. Under suppressed voltage-dependent K+, Na+ and Ca2+ currents, the SOC inhibitor 2-aminoethyl diphenylborinate (2-APB) diminished whole-cell membrane currents in isolated cardiomyocytes from hibernating GS, but not from rats. During cooling-reheating cycles (30°C-7°C-30°C) of ground squirrel PM, 2-APB did not affect typical CPA-sensitive elevation of contractile force at low temperatures, but precluded the contractility at 30°C before and after the cooling. Wash-out of 2-APB reversed PM contractility to control values. Thus, we suggest that SOC play a pivotal role in governing the ability of hibernator hearts to maintain their function during the transition in and out of hibernating states.
14C-Markierung des neuen Antiasthmatikums Flezelastin (1994)

14C-Labeling of the New Antiasthmatic Flezelastine Flezelastine is a new phthalazinone derivative with antiasthmatic/antiallergic activity. For pharmacokinetic studies 14C-labeled flezelastine was synthesized starting with [7,8-14C]-phthalic anhydride. In a convergent synthesis 1.5 g of double 14C-labeled flezelastine hydrochloride (ASTA code: D–18024) with a specific activity of 3 MBq/mg was obtained.
Software platforms and toolkits for building multimodal systems and applications (2019)

research-article Software platforms and toolkits for building multimodal systems and applications Share on Authors: Michael Feld View Profile , Robert Neβelrath View Profile , Tim Schwartz View Profile Authors Info & Claims The Handbook of Multimodal-Multisensor Interfaces: Language Processing, Software, Commercialization, and Emerging DirectionsJuly 2019 Pages 145–190https://doi.org/10.1145/3233795.3233801Published:01 July 2019 1citation88DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations1Total Downloads88Last 12 Months3Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Breast Image Analysis for Risk Assessment, Detection, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Cancer (2013)

The role of breast image analysis in radiologists' interpretation tasks in cancer risk assessment, detection, diagnosis, and treatment continues to expand. Breast image analysis methods include segmentation, feature extraction techniques, classifier design, biomechanical modeling, image registration, motion correction, and rigorous methods of evaluation. We present a review of the current status of these task-based image analysis methods, which are being developed for the various image acquisition modalities of mammography, tomosynthesis, computed tomography, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging. Depending on the task, image-based biomarkers from such quantitative image analysis may include morphological, textural, and kinetic characteristics and may depend on accurate modeling and registration of the breast images. We conclude with a discussion of future directions.
Thyroid Hormones Stimulate Erythropoiesis in Vitro (1977)

Thyroid hormones have important effects on erythropoiesis in man and animals. We performed in vitro culture studies with murine and human bone marrow in order to define the interaction of these hormones with erythroid and granulocyte-monocyte progenitor cells. The methylcellulose clonogenic assay was used with the appropriate addition of erythropoietin or colony-stimulating activity. L-thyroxine, D-thyroxine and L-triiodothyronine potentiated erythropoientin-stimulated erythroid colony formation in concentrations of 50-100 ng/ml. These hormones had no effect on granulocyte-monocyte colony formation at concentrations up to 500 ng/ml. Testing of various thyroid analogues showed no clear correlation between potentiation of erythropoiesis and known calorigenic potency. Reverse triiodothyronine also had potentiating activity in this system. The active thyroid hormones stimulated erythroid colony formation at several concentrations of erythropoietin but could not substitute for erythropoietin. These data suggest that thyroid hormones have a direct effect on erythroid precursor proliferative capacity, a finding which may have relevance to the mechanism of erythropoietic dysfunction in human thyroid disease.
P‐180: Efficient Blue Phosphorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Diode with Extremely High External Quantum Efficiency (2020)

Two blue phosphorescent materials were synthesized by combining main ligands of bipyridine with trimethylsilyl(TMS) substituent, and ancillary ligand of acetylacetonate(acac). Each material has different TMS positions to bipyridine. Both materials have π‐π interactions and strong intermolecular interactions via C‐H·F. These are important for the performance of phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (PhOLED). Material 1 has stronger intermolecular interactions than material 2. The substituent and ancillary ligand decrease the energy gap compared with the unsubstituted reference. Two blue PhOLEDs of both materials as dopants were fabricated to determine the device performance of the materials. The device of material 2 shows very high external quantum efficiency of 30.9% as blue phosphorescent emitter with single host.
Swivel: Hardening WebAssembly against Spectre. (2021)

We describe Swivel, a new compiler framework for hardening WebAssembly (Wasm) against Spectre attacks. Outside the browser, Wasm has become a popular lightweight, in-process sandbox and is, for example, used in production to isolate different clients on edge clouds and function-as-a-service platforms. Unfortunately, Spectre attacks can bypass Wasm's isolation guarantees. Swivel hardens Wasm against this class of attacks by ensuring that potentially malicious code can neither use Spectre attacks to break out of the Wasm sandbox nor coerce victim code-another Wasm client or the embedding process-to leak secret data. 
We describe two Swivel designs, a software-only approach that can be used on existing CPUs, and a hardware-assisted approach that uses extension available in Intel 11th generation CPUs. For both, we evaluate a randomized approach that mitigates Spectre and a deterministic approach that eliminates Spectre altogether. Our randomized implementations impose under 10.3% overhead on the Wasm-compatible subset of SPEC 2006, while our deterministic implementations impose overheads between 3.3% and 240.2%. Though high on some benchmarks, Swivel's overhead is still between 9x and 36.3x smaller than existing defenses that rely on pipeline fences.
Mechanical integrity of solution-processed perovskite solar cells (2016)

The fracture of a variety of solution-processed organometal trihalide perovskite solar cells and isolated perovskite layers is reported. The study covers cells in which the perovskites, including planar and mesoporous layers, are deposited by an array of solution-state deposition techniques and feature a wide variety of ancillary organic and inorganic charge transport layers. Understanding the influence of materials selection and fabrication techniques on mechanical stability is an important step towards realizing mechanically robust perovskite cells.
Ear-AR (2020)

This paper aims to use modern earphones as a platform for acoustic augmented reality (AAR). We intend to play 3D audio-annotations in the user's ears as she moves and looks at AAR objects in the environment. While companies like Bose and Microsoft are beginning to release such capabilities, they are intended for outdoor environments. Our system aims to explore the challenges indoors, without requiring any infrastructure deployment. Our core idea is two-fold. (1) We jointly use the inertial sensors (IMUs) in earphones and smartphones to estimate a user's indoor location and gazing orientation. (2) We play 3D sounds in the earphones and exploit the human's responses to (re)calibrate errors in location and orientation. We believe this fusion of IMU and acoustics is novel, and could be an important step towards indoor AAR. Our system, Ear-AR, is tested on 7 volunteers invited to an AAR exhibition - like a museum - that we set up in our building's lobby and lab. Across 60 different test sessions, the volunteers browsed different subsets of 24 annotated objects as they walked around. Results show that Ear-AR plays the correct audio-annotations with good accuracy. The user-feedback is encouraging and points to further areas of research and applications.
Spherical nucleic acids as an infectious disease vaccine platform (2022)

SignificanceUsing SARS-CoV-2 as a relevant case study for infectious disease, we investigate the structure-function relationships that dictate antiviral spherical nucleic acid (SNA) vaccine efficacy. We show that the SNA architecture can be rapidly employed to target COVID-19 through incorporation of the receptor-binding domain, and that the resulting vaccine potently activates human cells in vitro and mice in vivo. Furthermore, when challenged with a lethal viral infection, only mice treated with the SNA vaccine survived. Taken together, this work underscores the importance of rational vaccine design for infectious disease to yield vaccines that elicit more potent immune responses to effectively fight disease.
Retention and Silencing of Prepro-GnRH-II and Type II GnRH Receptor Genes in Mammals (2009)

The decapeptide hypothalamic-pituitary gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-I and the type I GnRH receptor drive the reproductive hormonal cascade in mammals by stimulating synthesis and secretion of luteinising hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). Mammals possess a second GnRH system composed of a related hormone, GnRH-II (differing from GnRH-I by three amino acid residues), and the type II GnRH receptor. In many mammalian species, one or both of the GnRH-II system genes are disrupted or deleted, rendering their products non-functional. This includes humans who possess a gene encoding GnRH-II but lack a functional type II GnRH receptor. Here we examined the genes encoding prepro-GnRH-II (GnRH2) and the type II GnRH receptor (GnRHR2) in more than 20 mammalian species, encompassing 10 orders, to determine whether they encode functional proteins. The structural organisation of both genes in most mammalian genome sequence assemblies was poorly annotated or incompletely described. Our findings show significant variation in the DNA sequence conservation and functional status of each gene, even between closely related species. Prepro-GnRH-II was functionally compromised in 12/22 species and the type II GnRH receptor gene was disrupted in 14/22 species. Retention of large sections of each gene in most mammalian genomes suggests that mammalian ancestors had a functional GnRH-II system. Gene disruptions were due to a spectrum of mutations which must have occurred independently after the evolutionary divergence of mammals from ancestral animals. The genetic information will be useful for understanding the physiological role of the GnRH-II system and establishing animal models for functional studies.
Back Cover: Z‐Shaped Pyrrolo[3,2‐b]pyrroles and Their Transformation into π‐Expanded Indolo[3,2‐b]indoles (Chem. Eur. J. 15/2016) (2016)

The discovery of multicomponent condensation of aromatic amines, aldehydes and diacetyl, which leads directly to pyrrole[3,2-b]pyrroles, has opened the door to a repertoire of π-expanded indolo[3,2-b]indoles. Derivatives bearing two C≡C triple bonds undergo intramolecular double cyclization to give sterically congested hexacyclic heterocycles. Both bis-alkynes and final ladder-shaped compounds possess interesting fluorescence properties and reasonable two-photon absorption cross-sections. More information can be found in the Full Paper by M. Blanchard-Desce, T. Gryko, et al. on page 5198 ff.
Activation and Repression of Transcription at the Double Tandem Divergent Promoters for the xylR and xylS Genes of the TOL Plasmid of Pseudomonas putida (1998)

The xylR and xylS genes are divergent and control transcription of the TOL plasmid catabolic pathways for toluene metabolism. Four promoters are found in the 300-bp intergenic region: Pr1 and Pr2 are constitutive sigma70-dependent tandem promoters that drive expression of xylR, while expression of the xylS gene is driven from Ps2, a constitutive sigma70-dependent promoter, and by the regulatable sigma54 class Ps1 promoter. In Ps1 the XylR targets (upstream activator sequences [UASs]) overlap the Pr promoters, and two sites for integration host factor (IHF) binding are located at the region from positions -2 to -30 (-2/-30 region) and the -137/-156 region, the latter overlapping the Pr promoters. When the XylR protein binds to the UASs in the absence of effector, it represses expression from Pr promoters. In the XylR-plus background and in the absence of an effector, the level of expression from Ps1 is low, although detectable, whereas Ps2 is active. In this background and in the presence of an effector, XylR increases autorepression. In a sigma54-deficient Pseudomonas putida background, no expression occurred from Ps1 regardless of the presence of an effector. However, in the presence of an effector, the amount of RNA produced from Pr promoters was almost undetectable. This finding suggests that when no transcription occurred at the Ps1 promoter, clearance of XylR from the UASs was almost negligible. In this background, expression from Ps2 was very high regardless of the presence of an effector; this finding suggests that RNA polymerase containing sigma54 modulates expression from the downstream Ps2 sigma70-dependent promoter. In a P. putida IHF-minus background and in the presence of effector, Ps1 expression was the highest found; in contrast, the basal levels of this promoter were the lowest observed. This finding suggests that IHF acts in vivo as a repressor of the sigma54-dependent Ps1 promoter. In an IHF-deficient host background, expression from Ps2 in the presence of effector was negligible. Thus, binding of RNA polymerase containing sigma54 at the upstream promoter may modulate expression from the Ps2 promoter.
Alterations in the Renin-Angiotensin System in a Rat Model of Human Preeclampsia (2009)

(1) The peripheral RAS is downregulated, and the uteroplacental RAS is upregulated in this rat model of preeclampsia; (2) MBG is involved in the causation of these alterations, and (3) RBG prevents these changes.
NEW DISCOVERIES AT WOOLSEY MOUND, MC118, NORTHERN GULF OF MEXICO (2011)

Woolsey Mound, a 1km-diameter carbonate-gas hydrate complex in the northern Gulf of Mexico, is the site of the Gulf’s only seafloor monitoring station-observatory in its only research reserve, Mississippi Canyon 118. Active venting, outcropping hydrate, and a thriving chemosynthetic community recommend the site for study. Since 2005, the Gulf of Mexico Hydrates Research Consortium has been conducting multidisciplinary studies to 1. Characterize the site, 2. Establish a facility for real-time monitoring-observing of gas hydrates in a natural setting, 3. Study the effects of gas hydrates on seafloor stability, 4. Establish fluid migration routes and estimates of fluid-flux at the site, 5. Establish the interrelationships between the&#13;\norganisms at the vent site and the association-dissociation of hydrates. A variety of novel geological, geophysical, geochemical and biological studies has been designed and&#13;\nconducted, some in survey mode, others in monitoring mode. Geophysical studies involving merging multiple seismic data acquisition systems accompanied by the application of custom processing techniques verify communication of surface features with deep structures. Supporting geological data derive from innovative recovery techniques. Geochemical sensors, used experimentally in survey mode, including aboard an AUV, double as monitoring devices. A suite of pore-fluid sampling devices has returned data that capture change at the site in daily increments; using only noise as an energy source, hydrophones have&#13;\nreturned daily fluctuations in physical properties. Ever-expanding capabilities of a custom-ROV have been determined by research needs. Processing of new as well as conventional data via unconventional means&#13;\nhas resulted in the discovery of new features…..vents, faults, benthic fauna…..and modification of others including pockmarks, hydrate outcrops, vent activity, and water-column chemical plumes.&#13;\nThough real-time monitoring awaits communications and power link to land, periodic data-collection reveals a carbonate-hydrate mound, part of an immensely complex hydrocarbon system.
Phenotypic Hypersusceptibility to Multiple Protease Inhibitors and Low Replicative Capacity in Patients Who Are Chronically Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (2005)

Increased susceptibility to the protease inhibitors saquinavir and amprenavir has been observed in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) with specific mutations in protease (V82T and N88S). Increased susceptibility to ritonavir has also been described in some viruses from antiretroviral agent-naive patients with primary HIV-1 infection in association with combinations of amino acid changes at polymorphic sites in the protease. Many of the viruses displaying increased susceptibility to protease inhibitors also had low replication capacity. In this retrospective study, we analyze the drug susceptibility phenotype and the replication capacity of virus isolates obtained at the peaks of viremia during five consecutive structured treatment interruptions in 12 chronically HIV-1-infected patients. Ten out of 12 patients had at least one sample with protease inhibitor hypersusceptibility (change </=0.4-fold) to one or more protease inhibitor. Hypersusceptibility to different protease inhibitors was observed at variable frequency, ranging from 38% to amprenavir to 11% to nelfinavir. Pairwise comparisons between susceptibilities for the protease inhibitors showed a consistent correlation among all pairs. There was also a significant relationship between susceptibility to protease inhibitors and replication capacity in all patients. Replication capacity remained stable over the course of repetitive cycles of structured treatment interruptions. We could find no association between in vitro replication capacity and in vivo plasma viral load doubling time and CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell counts at each treatment interruption. Several mutations were associated with hypersusceptibility to each protease inhibitor in a univariate analysis. This study extends the association between hypersusceptibility to protease inhibitors and low replication capacity to virus isolated from chronically infected patients and highlights the complexity of determining the genetic basis of this phenomenon. The potential clinical relevance of protease inhibitor hypersusceptibility and low replication capacity to virologic response to protease inhibitor-based therapies deserves to be investigated further.
Germanium nanocrystal doped inverse crystalline silicon opal (2011)

Herein we present a hybrid photonic crystal comprised of an inverse crystalline silicon opal doped with germanium nanocrystals. The structural, optical and electrical properties of the hybrid at different germanium nanocrystal doping levels are investigated by a combination of electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, optical and conductivity measurements.
Earlier Age at Type 2 Diabetes Diagnosis Is Associated With Increased Genetic Risk of Cardiovascular Disease (2023)

Individuals with an earlier T2D diagnosis have a higher genetic risk of CAD, and this information could be used to tailor lifestyle interventions.
Catechin metabolites after intake of green tea infusions (1998)

Green tea contains relatively large amounts of catechins, that have been recognized to be efficient free-radical scavengers. In spite of a largely described antioxidant effect, the metabolic fate of catechins in humans has been scarcely studied. An infusion of green tea (about 400 mg of catechins) was given to healthy volunteers; plasma and urine samples were collected for 5 h and 2 days, respectively. Epigallocatechin gallate and epicatechin gallate were detected in plasma samples, reaching the maximum concentration (2 microM) at 2 h. Urine samples collected at 6-48 h contained detectable amounts of final catechin metabolites, including 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-hippuric acid and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzoic acid (vanillic acid). The total content of these metabolites averaged 60 mg. The levels of free plasma catechins account only partly for the increased (approximately +20%) total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter (TRAP) detected after green tea intake. Catechin conjugates (glucuronide and sulphate) and metabolites may add further contribution and explain the measured TRAP increase.
Stereoselective interaction with chiral phosphorothioates at the central DNA kink of the EcoRI endonuclease-GAATTC complex. (1992)

We have probed the contacts between EcoRI endonuclease and the central phosphate of its recognition site GAApTTC, using synthetic oligonucleotides containing single stereospecific Rp- or Sp-phosphorothioates (Ps). These substitutions produce subtle stereospecific effects on EcoRI endonuclease binding and cleavage. An Sp-Ps substitution in one strand of the DNA duplex improves binding free energy by -1.5 kcal/mol, whereas the Rp-Ps substitution has an unfavorable effect (+0.3 kcal/mol) on binding free energy. These effects derive principally from changes in the first order rate constants for dissociation of the enzyme-DNA complexes. The first order rate constants for strand scission are also affected, in that a strand containing Sp-Ps substitution is cleaved 2 to 3 times more rapidly than a strand containing a normal prochiral phosphate, whereas a strand containing Rp-Ps substitution is cleaved about 3 times slower than normal. As a result, single-strand substitutions produce pronounced asymmetry in the rates of cleavage of the two DNA strands, and this effect is exaggerated in an Rp,Sp-heteroduplex. Ethylation-interference footprinting indicates that none of the Ps substitutions cause any major change in contacts between endonuclease and DNA phosphates. When an Sp-Ps localizes P = O in the DNA major groove, a hydrogen-bonding interaction with the backbone amide-NH of Gly116 of the endonuclease is improved relative to that with a prochiral phosphate having intermediate P-O bond order and delocalized charge.