gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Randomized phase III trial of paclitaxel/carboplatin (PC) versus cisplatin/irinotecan (CPT-P) as first-line chemotherapy in patients with clear cell carcinoma (CCC) of the ovary: A Japanese Gynecologic Oncology Group (JGOG)/GCIG study. (2014)

5507 Background: CCC is a histologic subtype of epithelial ovarian cancer showing different clinical and biological characteristics. CCC has become well known for its resistance to current standard chemotherapy (PC). Our previous trial demonstrated the potential benefit of CPT-P regimen on CCC. Methods: Patients (pts) with Stage I-IV CCC were randomized to receive paclitaxel 175mg/m2 plus carboplatin AUC6 IV q3wk or irinotecan 60mg/m2 IV (days 1, 8, 15) plus cisplatin 60mg/m2 IV (day 1) q4wk for 6 cycles. International central pathologic review was performed for all cases. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS), response rate per RECIST, and adverse events. Adverse events were graded according to NCI-CTCAE, version 3.0. Results: From November 2006 to March 2011, 667 patients were registered, and 619 pts were clinically and pathologically eligible for evaluation (305 pts in PC arm and 314 pts in CPT-P arm). Median age was 53 years. Baseline pt characteristics were not significantly different. Following 44.3 months median follow-up, 2-years PFS was 73.0% (95% CI:67.7-77.5) in the CPT-P arm vs. 77.6% (95% CI:72.4-81.9) in the PC arm, which was not significantly different (HR:1.171, 95% CI:0.867-1.581, p=0.303). Two-years OS was 85.5% in CPT-P arm (95% CI:81.1-89.0) and 87.4% in PC arm (95% CI:83.1-90.7), respectively (HR:1.133, 95% CI:0.796-1.613, p=0.486). Grade 3/4 leukopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, peripheral sensory neuropathy and joint pain occurred more frequently in the PC arm, whilst grade 3/4 anorexia, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting and febrile neutropenia occurred more frequently in the CPT-P arm. Conclusions: In this first CCC-specific international clinical trial, survival benefit was not observed by CPT-P. Since both regimens were well tolerated and the toxicity profiles were different, CPT-P can be an alternative regimen for CCC.
A Clostridia-rich microbiota enhances bile acid excretion in diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (2019)

An excess of fecal bile acids (BAs) is thought to be one of the mechanisms for diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D). However, the factors causing excessive BA excretion remain incompletely studied. Given the importance of gut microbiota in BA metabolism, we hypothesized that gut dysbiosis might contribute to excessive BA excretion in IBS-D. By performing BA-related metabolic and metagenomic analyses in 290 IBS-D patients and 89 healthy volunteers, we found that 24.5% of IBS-D patients exhibited excessive excretion of total BAs and alteration of BA-transforming bacteria in feces. Notably, the increase in Clostridia bacteria (e.g., C. scindens) was positively associated with the levels of fecal BAs and serum 7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one (C4), but negatively correlated with serum fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) concentration. Furthermore, colonization with Clostridia-rich IBS-D fecal microbiota or C. scindens individually enhanced serum C4 and hepatic conjugated BAs but reduced ileal FGF19 expression in mice. Inhibition of Clostridium species with vancomycin yielded opposite results. Clostridia-derived BAs suppressed the intestinal FGF19 expression in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that the Clostridia-rich microbiota contributes to excessive BA excretion in IBS-D patients, which provides a mechanistic hypothesis with testable clinical implications.
Fabrication of High-Resolution ${\hbox {Lu}}_{2}{\hbox {O}}_{3}{:}{\hbox {Eu}}$ X-Ray Scintillator by Physical Vapor Deposition (2013)

A new structured scintillator was developed that will stop significantly more of the incident X-rays without sacrificing spatial resolution. We have recently demonstrated that it is possible to deposit Lu <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> :Eu in a microcolumnar form using electron beam (e-beam) physical vapor deposition (EBPVD) technique. This new structured Lu <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> :Eu scintillator can have a huge impact on X-ray imaging applications including medical imaging, nondestructive testing and hard X-ray microtomography (XMT). Thin film fabrication of Lu <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> doped with 5% europium was carried out by means of EBPVD. Uniform and stoichiometrically balanced films several microns thick were grown on various kinds of substrates. Their morphology was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Scintillation decay, afterglow, spatial resolution and light conversion efficiency were analyzed. A selected set of films was integrated into position-sensitive detection systems to determine their efficacy for synchrotron and laboratory X-ray source-based high-resolution microtomography.
Solid-Phase Synthesis of Highly Substituted Peptoid 1(2H)-Isoquinolinones (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSolid-Phase Synthesis of Highly Substituted Peptoid 1(2H)-IsoquinolinonesDane A. Goff and Ronald N. ZuckermannCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 18, 5748–5749Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00123a004https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00123a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views361Altmetric-Citations72LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Photonic Shell-Crosslinked Nanoparticle Probes for Optical Imaging and Monitoring (2008)

Photonic shell-crosslinked nanoparticles (SCKs) were prepared via crosslinking between fluorophores and micelles. These unique photonic SCKs will be discussed, including their abilities to undergo pH-sensitive swelling/deswelling, which affects enhancement/quenching of the fluorescence.
YOLOv8 for Defect Inspection of Hexagonal Directed Self-Assembly Patterns: A Data-Centric Approach (2023)

Shrinking pattern dimensions leads to an increased variety of defect types in semiconductor devices. This has spurred innovation in patterning approaches such as Directed self-assembly (DSA) for which no traditional, automatic defect inspection software exists. Machine Learning-based SEM image analysis has become an increasingly popular research topic for defect inspection with supervised ML models often showing the best performance. However, little research has been done on obtaining a dataset with high-quality labels for these supervised models. In this work, we propose a method for obtaining coherent and complete labels for a dataset of hexagonal contact hole DSA patterns while requiring minimal quality control effort from a DSA expert. We show that YOLOv8, a state-of-the-art neural network, achieves defect detection precisions of more than 0.9 mAP on our final dataset which best reflects DSA expert defect labeling expectations. We discuss the strengths and limitations of our proposed labeling approach and suggest directions for future work in data-centric ML-based defect inspection.
Effective mobility and photocurrent in carbon nanotube–polymer composite photovoltaic cells (2007)

We examine the dark and the illuminated current–voltage (J–V) characteristics of poly(3-octylthiophene) (P3OT)/single-wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) composite photovoltaic cells as a function of SWNT concentration. Using an exponential band tail model, the influence of SWNT concentration on the J–V characteristics of the cells is analysed in terms of corresponding parameters such as effective hole mobility, short-circuit current, and open-circuit voltage. For the device with optimum 1% SWNT concentration, the increased photoresponse (∼500 times) as compared to the pristine P3OT cell can be attributed partly to the increase (∼50 times) in effective hole mobility, due to the reduction of localized states of the pristine P3OT matrix, and partly to the enhanced exciton extraction at the polymer/nanotube junctions.
Shaping the cavity of calix[4]arene using transition metals and binding alkali-metal cations inside the cavity: the relevance of the alkali-metal cation–arene interaction (1997)

Transition metals can be used for shaping and electronically enriching the calix[4]arene cavity; in this approach, the π-basic cavities can be adapted to alkali-metal cation complexation in a very hydrophobic environment and these cations can even be transferred into aliphatic hydrocarbons; the η 6 -arene–alkali-metal cation interaction is structurally elucidated.
Route Recovery Mechanisms for Ad Hoc Networks Equipped with Switched Single Beam Antennas (2005)

In this paper we propose a novel three phase route recovery mechanism for routing over switched single beam directional antennas. We enhance the popular dynamic source routing (DSR) protocol to the underlying directional layer and include an improved broadcast mechanism to facilitate an efficient route discovery. In the event of a link failure, our optimized directional routing protocol (DRP) proceeds in three phases to recover the route to the destination: (i) antenna beam handoff (ii) local route recovery and (iii) zonal route recovery. We have compared the performance of DRP with the DSR protocol over both omnidirectional and directional antenna models in conditions of varying network mobility. Our results clearly indicate that DRP is robust to link failures even in highly mobile scenarios.
Quantitative determination of the Ru(bpy)32+ cation in photochemical reactions by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (2014)

The developed MALDI MS method for the quantitative determination of Ru(bpy)<sub>3</sub><sup>2+</sup> in photooxidation reactions provides more reliable results than the wide-used spectrophotometric method.
Engineering Silk Fibroin‐Based Nerve Conduit with Neurotrophic Factors for Proximal Protection after Peripheral Nerve Injury (2020)

Artificial nerve conduits capable of adequately releasing neurotrophic factors are extensively studied to bridge nerve defects. However, the lack of neurotrophic factors in the proximal area and their visible effects in axonal retrograde transport following nerve injury is one of the factors causing an incomplete nerve regeneration. Herein, an advanced conduit made of silk fibroin is produced, which can incorporate growth factors and promote an effective regeneration after injury. For that, enzymatically crosslinked silk fibroin-based conduits are developed to be used as a platform for the controlled delivery of neurotrophic factors. Nerve growth factor and glial-cell line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) are incorporated using two different methodologies: i) crosslinking and ii) absorption method. The release profile is measured by ELISA technique. The bioactivity of the neurotrophic factors is evaluated in vitro by using primary dorsal root ganglia. When implanted in a 10 mm sciatic nerve defect in rats, GDNF-loaded silk fibroin conduits reveal retrograde neuroprotection as compared to autografts and plain silk fibroin conduit. Therefore, the novel design presents a substantial improvement of retrograde trafficking, neurons' protection, and motor nerve reinnervation.
Occupational exposure to rare earth elements in mechanic workshops (2022)

Abstract Rare earth elements (REEs) such as cerium and lanthanum are utilized in oil refining and as catalytic additives in the production of diesel fuel aimed at optimizing fuel combustion. Background reports from animal studies demonstrated several REE-associated adverse effects, some of which following REE inhalation of diesel exhaust particulate. This study was aimed at evaluating the occupational exposure to REEs in diesel exhaust among two groups of mechanic workers; the first group involving 20 workers from artisanal workshops lacking exhaust abatement devices in Avellino province (Italy) and the second treatment group encompassing 82 workers (controls) from two industrial industrial-shaped workshops in Como (Italy) equipped with exhaust abatement devices. The evaluated endpoints in the two donor groups were: a) urine concentrations of 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP), as an indicator of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs); b) urine REE concentrations, and c) REE concentrations in scalp hair. The results showed significantly higher urine 1-OHP concentrations in the first treatment group vs. controls (0.28 ± 0.07 mg/L vs. 0.12 ± 0.35 mg/L) (p&lt;0.05), along with significantly higher frequency of smokers in these workers cases vs. controls (47.6% vs. 11.1%;) (p&lt;0.05), and significantly higher urine REE concentrations in the same cases vs. controls (0.14 ± 0.04 mg/L vs. 0.07 ± 0.04 mg/L; ) (p&lt;0.001). REE concentrations in scalp hair were not significantly different between the two donor groups suggesting that REEs might not be sequestered to hair during detoxification pathways.
Surfaces and thin films studied by picosecond ultrasonics (1988)

This research supported by grant FG02-86ER45367 is the study of the properties of solids by means of the picosecond technique. In this research we investigate both fundamental problems in phonon physics and lattice dynamics, and we also apply the technique to the non-destructive evaluation of thin-film microstructures. In the experiments a picosecond light pulse is absorbed at a surface, thereby generating an elastic pulse. This strain pulse propagates through the sample, and is detected at a later time by means of a time-delayed probe light pulse. During the past year our research has been concentrated in three main areas. We have made an extensive series of measurements of ultrasonic attenuation as a function of frequency and temperature in glasses. We have succeeded in generating and detecting surface acoustic waves in microstructures with surface gratings and dot arrays, and have performed several experiments to study the structure of thin films and surface layers. The third area is the investigation of heat flow from metal films into dielectric crystals, and the possible observation of second sound. Also included is the proposal for next years work. 7 refs., 3 figs.
A simple, bead-based approach for multi-SNP molecular haplotyping (2004)

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within a gene region have often been studied to determine their effect on phenotype. Although a single base pair change can produce a phenotypic change, phenotype is often influenced by the presence of multiple polymorphisms and their relative positions within a given region. For example, if multiple changes occur in a promoter region, how they influence gene expression will depend on their cis/trans configuration. As such, it is essential to consider the haplotype, or the alignment of multiple SNP alleles on each chromosome when attempting to associate genomic changes with phenotype. Unfortunately, no method of high-throughput molecular haplotyping of multiple SNPs currently exists. In response to this unmet need, we have developed an inexpensive, reliable bead-based capture-based haplotyping (CBH) assay to determine the phase, or haplotype, of multiple SNP alleles in a high-throughput manner. The CBH assay requires minimal setup and handling, requires no centrifugation steps and can be performed in <1 h. Data collection is performed via flow cytometry and the assay yields plus/minus results allowing for automated calling by a simple computer application. We will present data demonstrating the molecular haplotyping of 11 SNPs within exon 2 of the N-acetyltransferase-2 (NAT2) gene, which expresses an important drug-metabolizing enzyme. This assay has applications in diagnostic testing, promoter analysis, association studies and pharmacogenetic analysis.
Structural-Biological Whole Cell Project of Thermus thermophilus HB8: From Structural Genomics to Systems Biology (2006)

The final goal of this research project is the understanding of all fundamental biological phenomena in terms of physical chemistry. As a model organism for the structural and functional studies, an extremely thermophilic bacterium, Thermus thermophilus HB8, is very promising because of the small genome size, the availability of genetic tools for functional analysis, and the thermostability of its proteins (http: //www.thermus.org/) . In this report, we summarize the recent progress of this research project toward the systems biology.
Stable Electrical Operation of 6H–SiC JFETs and ICs for Thousands of Hours at 500 $^{\circ}\hbox{C}$ (2008)

The fabrication and testing of the first semiconductor transistors and small-scale integrated circuits (ICs) to achieve up to 3000 h of stable electrical operation at 500degC in air ambient is reported. These devices are based on an epitaxial 6H-SiC junction field-effect transistor process that successfully integrated high-temperature ohmic contacts, dielectric passivation, and ceramic packaging. Important device and circuit parameters exhibited less than 10% of change over the course of the 500degC operational testing. These results establish a new technology foundation for realizing durable 500degC ICs for combustion-engine sensing and control, deep-well drilling, and other harsh-environment applications.
Double Double Descent: On Generalization Errors in Transfer Learning between Linear Regression Tasks (2022)

.We study the transfer learning process between two linear regression problems. An important and timely special case is when the regressors are overparameterized and perfectly interpolate their training data. We examine a parameter transfer mechanism whereby a subset of the parameters of the target task solution are constrained to the values learned for a related source task. We analytically characterize the generalization error of the target task in terms of the salient factors in the transfer learning architecture, i.e., the number of examples available, the number of (free) parameters in each of the tasks, the number of parameters transferred from the source to target task, and the relation between the two tasks. Our nonasymptotic analysis shows that the generalization error of the target task follows a two-dimensional double descent trend (with respect to the number of free parameters in each of the tasks) that is controlled by the transfer learning factors. Our analysis points to specific cases where the transfer of parameters is beneficial as a substitute for extra overparameterization (i.e., additional free parameters in the target task). Specifically, we show that the usefulness of a transfer learning setting is fragile and depends on a delicate interplay among the set of transferred parameters, the relation between the tasks, and the true solution. We also demonstrate that overparameterized transfer learning is not necessarily more beneficial when the source task is closer or identical to the target task.Keywordsoverparameterized learninglinear regressiontransfer learningdouble descentMSC codes62J0568Q32
Preparation and Characterization of V2O3 Powder and Film (1998)

V 2 O 3 powder and film were prepared by the reduction of sol–gel-synthesized V 2 O 5 . The V 2 O 3 single phase was synthesized by reduction above 500°C for 2 h in hydrogen atmosphere. X-ray diffraction measurements revealed that the films were distorted by the substrate and that the antiferromagnetic insulator-metal (AFI-M) transition observed in resistivity temperature curves of the films was broader than those of powders. It was concluded that the broader transition was caused by film strain.
Effects of RANKL on the thymic medulla (2011)

The thymic medulla provides a microenvironment where medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) contribute to the establishment of self-tolerance by the deletion of self-reactive T cells and the generation of regulatory T cells. The progression of thymocyte development critically regulates the optimum formation of the thymic medulla, as discussed in this article. Of note, it was recently identified that RANKL produced by positively selected thymocytes plays a major role in the thymocyte-mediated medulla formation. Indeed, transgenic expression of soluble RANKL increased the number of mTECs and enlarged the thymic medulla in mice. The effects of RANKL on the thymic medulla may be useful for the engineering of self-tolerance in T cells.
A directional coupler system for the direction sensitive measurement of UHF-PD signals in GIS and GIL (2002)

PD measurements in GIS can easily be performed with the UHF method. For the localization of defects with this method a direction sensitive sensor was developed which allows to make a decision whether the PD signals arrive from the right hand side or from the left hand side of the sensor. With this system a localization of defects may become easier.
Biomimetic hydroxyapatite deposition on titanium oxide surfaces for biomedical application : Chapter 20 (2011)

Biomimetic hydroxyapatite deposition on titanium oxide surfaces for biomedical application : Chapter 20
CpG-Recoding in Zika Virus Genome Causes Host-Age-Dependent Attenuation of Infection With Protection Against Lethal Heterologous Challenge in Mice (2020)

Experimental increase of CpG dinucleotides in an RNA virus genome impairs infection providing a promising approach for vaccine development. While CpG recoding is an emerging and promising vaccine approach, little is known about infection phenotypes caused by recoded viruses <i>in vivo</i>. For example, infection phenotypes, immunogenicity, and protective efficacy induced by CpG-recoded viruses in different age groups were not studied yet. This is important, because attenuation of infection phenotypes caused by recoded viruses may depend on the population-based expression of cellular components targeting viral CpG dinucleotides. In the present study, we generated several Zika virus (ZIKV) variants with the increasing CpG content and compared infection in neonatal and adult mice. Increasing the CpG content caused host-age-dependent attenuation of infection with considerable attenuation in neonates and high attenuation in adults. Expression of the zinc-finger antiviral protein (ZAP)-the host protein targeting viral CpG dinucleotides-was also age-dependent. Similar to the wild-type virus, ZIKV variants with the increased CpG content evoked robust cellular and humoral immune responses and protection against lethal challenge. Collectively, the host age should be accounted for in future studies on mechanisms targeting viral CpG dinucleotides, development of safe dinucleotide recoding strategies, and applications of CpG-recoded vaccines.