gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multiple Fracture Initiation in Openhole Without Mechanical Isolation: First Step to Fulfill an Ambition (2014)

Abstract When a well is hydraulically fractured, the propagation of the fracture away from the wellbore is dictated by the far field stresses in the reservoir. However, the fracture initiation from the wellbore depends strongly on the near wellbore stress state created by drilling the well. Misaligned fracture initiation and propagation planes can reduce the wellbore-to-reservoir connectivity causing operation failure and high post fracturing skin. Currently creating multiple fractures along a horizontal openhole requires mechanical isolation means such as openhole packers or sand plugs. They can be costly and time consuming. In addition, there is no control of fracture initiation within one isolated section. Undesirable competing fractures within the zone can occur to impact the fracture length. Significant improvement can be made if the factors controlling multiple fracture initiation without mechanical isolation can be understood. Experimental work in multiple fracture initiation has been rare, controlled multiple fracture initiation is non-existent. Therefore a series of laboratory experiments was performed in a true tri-axial stress frame to investigate how multiple fractures can be initiated in a controllable fashion. In the tests, notches at specific locations along the openhole wellbore were created. The impact of the notch depth on the orientation of the hydraulically induced fractures was studied. In addition to the experiments, continuum fracture mechanics modeling using finite element was also conducted to rationalize the experimental observations of fracturing initiation process in the rock. The results of block tests provided new insight in multiple fracture initiation. By monitoring the real time acoustic emission events, the sequence of fracture creation as wellbore pressure increased was visualized. The finite element modeling gives simple criteria to explain the observed orientation of initiated fracture as a function of notch depth.
Achievable data rates for two transmit antenna broadcast channels with WCDMA HSDPA feedback information (2005)

Previous works have shown that in case of multiple transmit antenna broadcast channels, the total system throughput can be greatly improved by combining spatial prefiltering (SP) with multiuser scheduling (MS) [G. Caire et al., 2003], [D. Samardzija et al., 2003]. However, most of the studies assume full channel state information at the transmitter (CSIT). In this paper, we study the achievable data rates within the current WCDMA HSDPA specification and present different schemes based on the WCDMA closed-loop transmit diversity (CLTD) modes. Although the achievable throughput is interference limited at high SNR due to partial CSIT, we show that at moderate power regimes a significant performance gain can be achieved by the proper combination of SP and MS concepts, compared to the systems that only transmit to the user with the best channel condition in each transmission time interval (TTI).
Electrochemical thinning of Co kagome-lattice layers in ferromagnetic Co3Sn2S2 thin films by bias-induced Co dissolution (2023)

Solid–liquid interfaces made of functional inorganic materials and liquid electrolytes exhibit various interesting responses by applying an electric bias across the interface. Using an electric-double-layer device fabricated on a thin-film channel of magnetic Weyl semimetal Co3Sn2S2 with an ionic liquid gate electrolyte, we show that the conducting channel thickness can be effectively decreased by applying a negative gate voltage. The application of a gate voltage of −6 V at 250 K gives rise to an irreversible increase in the channel resistance. Transmission electron microscopy reveals that the thickness of the crystallized Co3Sn2S2 region is decreased by applying the negative bias, leaving a Co-poor disordered region on top of the Co3Sn2S2 layer. These results suggest that the preferential dissolution of Co is driven under the application of the negative bias, which leads to the disconnection of Co kagome-lattice layer that is mainly responsible for electrical conduction in Co3Sn2S2. Distinct from conventional bottom-up film growth approaches, this top-down thickness control enables us to examine the thickness dependence of the anomalous transport properties of Co3Sn2S2 in a single sample. The present finding will be useful for experimentally verifying the theoretically discussed ultrathin-film properties of the magnetic Weyl semimetal Co3Sn2S2.
Measurement of the Higgs boson inclusive and differential fiducial production cross sections in the diphoton decay channel with pp collisions at $$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 13 TeV (2023)

A bstract The measurements of the inclusive and differential fiducial cross sections of the Higgs boson decaying to a pair of photons are presented. The analysis is performed using proton-proton collisions data recorded with the CMS detector at the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb − 1 . The inclusive fiducial cross section is measured to be $$ {\sigma}_{\textrm{fid}}={73.4}_{-5.3}^{+5.4}{\left(\textrm{stat}\right)}_{-2.2}^{+2.4}\left(\textrm{syst}\right) $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>σ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>fid</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mn>73.4</mml:mn> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>5.3</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>5.4</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mfenced> <mml:mtext>stat</mml:mtext> </mml:mfenced> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2.2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2.4</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mfenced> <mml:mtext>syst</mml:mtext> </mml:mfenced> </mml:math> fb, in agreement with the standard model expectation of 75 . 4 ± 4 . 1 fb. The measurements are also performed in fiducial regions targeting different production modes and as function of several observables describing the diphoton system, the number of additional jets present in the event, and other kinematic observables. Two double differential measurements are performed. No significant deviations from the standard model expectations are observed.
Projection of Sciences Onto Textile and Fashion: Nano-Technology and Chargeable Fabric Example (2015)

This proceeding provides readers with an overview of our multidisciplinary approach to technical textile research through reviewing recent preliminary results of an example project aiming at developing super-capacitor fabric structures. The fundamental idea of the project is based on, production of graphene nano-sheets and their application onto textile fabric, growing the oxides of manganese on graphene coating and utilization of the final fabric within a suitable electrolyte as electrode material. Graphene nano-sheet production and characterization methods, application to textile fabric and surface resistance measurements as well as construction of super-capacitor architecture and characterization of the final device capacitance via electro-chemistry are presented.
Simulating a $2M commercial server on a $2K PC (2003)

As dependence on database management systems and Web servers increases, so does the need for them to run reliably and efficiently-goals that rigorous simulations can help achieve. Execution-driven simulation models system hardware. These simulations capture actual program behavior and detailed system interactions. The authors have developed a simulation methodology that uses multiple simulations, pays careful attention to the effects of scaling on workload behavior, and extends Virtutech AB's Simics full system functional simulator with detailed timing models. The Wisconsin Commercial Workload Suite contains scaled and tuned benchmarks for multiprocessor servers, enabling full-system simulations to run on the PCs that are routinely available to researchers.
Supplementary Data 2 from Increased Fibroblast Growth Factor-Inducible 14 Expression Levels Promote Glioma Cell Invasion via Rac1 and Nuclear Factor-κB and Correlate with Poor Patient Outcome (2023)

Supplementary Data 2 from Increased Fibroblast Growth Factor-Inducible 14 Expression Levels Promote Glioma Cell Invasion via Rac1 and Nuclear Factor-κB and Correlate with Poor Patient Outcome
Improved Approximations for Extremal Eigenvalues of Sparse Hamiltonians (2023)

We give a classical $1/(qk+1)$-approximation for the maximum eigenvalue of a $k$-sparse fermionic Hamiltonian with strictly $q$-local terms, as well as a $1/(4k+1)$-approximation when the Hamiltonian has both $2$-local and $4$-local terms. More generally we obtain a $1/O(qk^2)$-approximation for $k$-sparse fermionic Hamiltonians with terms of locality at most $q$. Our techniques also yield analogous approximations for $k$-sparse, $q$-local qubit Hamiltonians with small hidden constants and improved dependence on $q$.
Distribution of urocortin‐like immunoreactivity in the central nervous system of the frog Rana esculenta (2002)

Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), sauvagine, and urotensin I are all members of the so-called CRF neuropeptide family. Urocortin (Ucn), a 40-amino-acid neuropeptide recently isolated from the rat brain, is the newest member of this family. Until now, the distribution of Ucn in the central nervous system (CNS) has been studied only in placental mammals. We used a polyclonal antiserum against rat Ucn to determine the distribution of Ucn-like immunoreactivity in the CNS of the green frog, Rana esculenta. The great majority of Ucn-immunoreactive perikarya was seen in the anterior preoptic area, ventromedial thalamic nucleus, posterior tuberculum, nucleus of the medial longitudinal fasciculus, and Edinger-Westphal nucleus. Urocortin-immunoreactive nerve cells were also observed in the motor nuclei of the trigeminal and facial nerves and in the hypoglossal nucleus. Immunoreactive fibers were found in the medial and lateral septal nuclei, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, many of the thalamic and hypothalamic nuclei, mesencephalic tectum, tegmental nuclei, torus semicircularis, and dorsal horn and central field of the spinal cord. Only scattered Ucn-immunoreactive axon terminals were observed in the external zone of the medial eminence. The densest accumulations of Ucn-immunoreactive nerve terminals were seen in the granular layer of the cerebellum and cochlear nuclei. Our results suggest that an ortholog of mammalian Ucn occurs in the CNS of the green frog. The distribution of Ucn-like immunoreactivity in Rana esculenta showed many similarities to the distribution in placental mammals. The distribution of Ucn-like immunoreactivity in the anuran CNS was different from that of CRF and sauvagine, so our results suggest that at least three different lineages of the CRF neuropeptide family occur in the anuran CNS.
Cholinergic Enzyme Systems in Parkinson's Disease (1971)

The levels of choline acetylase and cholinesterase in postmortem brain tissue were measured in Parkinson's disease cases, nonneurological illness cases, and accident victims. There was no significant difference between the parkinsonian and accident cases in any of the brain areas measured, although the younger accident victims had somewhat higher enzyme levels generally. Tyrosine hydroxylase was measurable in the basal ganglia of Parkinson's disease cases indicating the suggested impairment of brain catecholamine metabolism in this disease does not amount to a total block.
A stereoselectively deuterated supramolecular motif to probe the role of solvent during self-assembly processes (2012)

Small changes in the alkane solvent structure in combination with temperature effects lead to four different conformations of stereoselectively deuterated benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamides in the aggregated state, affecting the expression of the supramolecular chirality and highlighting the role of the solvent structure in self-assembly processes.
Mitochondrial DNA Mutations as Natural Barcodes for Lineage Tracing of Murine Tumor Models (2022)

mtDNA mutations can serve as natural barcodes to enable lineage tracing in murine cancer models, which can be used to provide new insights into disease biology and to identify therapeutic vulnerabilities.
Enhancement of cell‐specific transgene expression from a Tet‐Off regulatory system using a transcriptional amplification strategy in the rat brain (2008)

Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of the transcriptional amplification strategy in developing viral gene delivery systems that combine the advantages of specific cell type targeting and Tet-inducible expression.
Structure and optical characterization of ZnO-Sn thin films (2011)

ZnO-Sn thin films were prepared and deposited on p-type silicon substrate using sol-gel method, followed by spin coating technique. The solution consists of zinc acetate dihydrate, tin chloride, 2-methoxyethanol and monoethanolamine which acted as a precursor, dopant, solvent and stabilizer respectively. Effect of different Sn/ZnO molar ratios on the crystallinity and surface morphology of thin films were studied in this research. The molar ratios of Sn/ZnO were maintained to 1%, 3% and 5%. The ZnO-Sn thin films were heated on hotplate at 300 °C for 20 min and then sintered at 500 °C for 2 hrs. The effect of different molar ratios of Sn/ZnO on the surface morphologies and crystalline structure properties of ZnO-Sn thin films were examined using atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD). XRD patterns showed that all doped films have (101) as the preferred orientation. The optical properties showed that the film with Sn/ZnO molar ratio of 3% having the optical transmittance of more than 80%, which was more than other doped films of our experiment. The FTER spectrum shows that at Sn/ZnO molar ratio of 5%, the intensity of ZnO peak is very weak and that may be due to the incorporation of Sn with the ZnO structure.
ChemInform Abstract: TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF CONFERTIN VIA METAL‐PROMOTED CYCLIZATION‐LACTONIZATION (1978)

Abstract Die Synthese des Sesquiterpens Confertin (XI) wird ausgehend von dem Vinylbromid (I) beschrieben (siehe Schemata).
Bioorthogonale Chemie – oder: in einem Meer aus Funktionalität nach Selektivität fischen (2009)

Abstract Biomoleküle in ihrer natürlichen Umgebung zu erforschen, ist wegen der enormen Komplexität zellulärer Systeme eine anspruchsvolle Aufgabe. In den letzten Jahren entwickelte Methoden zur selektiven Modifizierung biologischer Spezies in lebenden Systemen haben neue Einblicke in zelluläre Prozesse gegeben. Grundlage dieser neuen Techniken sind bioorthogonale chemische Reaktionen, deren Komponenten unter physiologischen Bedingungen in Gegenwart zahlreicher Funktionalitäten, wie sie zur Erhaltung des Lebens notwendig sind, schnell und selektiv miteinander reagieren müssen. Hier beschreiben wir die bisher entwickelten bioorthogonalen chemischen Reaktionen und wie sie zum Studium von Biomolekülen eingesetzt werden können.
Electronic phasing of high power fiber amplifier arrays (2008)

A novel robust phase locking architecture has demonstrated coherent beam combination 725-W from five 145-W fiber amplifiers. The technique uses a single photodetector and no reference beam. The measured rms phase error was lambda/60.
Calculation of Energies and Entropies from Isochoric and Isothermal Experimental Data (2014)

This paper presents residual values of Helmholtz energy (Ar/(RT)), entropy (Sr/R), and internal energy (Ur/(RT)) for a ternary mixture that resembles a distribution natural gas between 223.15 K and 303.15 K up to 20 MPa. The methodology uses isochoric and isothermal density measurements to apply corrections to the residuals for Helmholtz energy (δAr/(RT)), entropy (δSr/R), and internal energy (δUr/(RT)) calculated using an equation of state. The method is demonstrated for three representative equations of state: REFPROP, Peng–Robinson, and Redlich–Kwong. Accurate (p−ρ–T) isochoric and isothermal data provide experimental values of the compression factor (Z) and the derivative of pressure with respect to temperature at constant density (∂p/∂T)ρ which are used to calculate residual entropies and energies. The results obtained by using different equations of state at the same conditions have slight differences in the residual values. It is possible to represent those differences by equivalent changes in temperature for entropy (δTS) and internal energy (δTU) that are ≤ 0.5 K for temperatures above 225 K. For this mixture, the values of δAr/(RT), δSr/R, and δUr/(RT) determined from REFPROP are sufficiently small that no corrections are required. For the Peng–Robinson and Redlich–Kwong equations of state, a global fit describing the residual corrections presents a practical application. The residual deviations of the plots lie within ± 0.0005, ± 0.001, and ± 0.002 in the residuals for δAr/(RT), δSr/(RT), and δUr/(RT), respectively.
Figures S20-S23 from Discovery of Selective Estrogen Receptor Covalent Antagonists for the Treatment of ERα<sup>WT</sup> and ERα<sup>MUT</sup> Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;H3B-5942 in combination with palbocyclib shows synergy in vitro and in vivo&lt;/p&gt;
High internal differential efficiency mid-infrared quantum cascade lasers (2017)

Implementation of the step-taper active-region (STA) design to 8-9 &mu;m-emitting quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) has resulted in both high T<sub>0</sub> and T<sub>1</sub> values: 220 K and 665 K, and short lower-level lifetimes: 0.12 ps. In turn, the internal differential efficiency &eta;<sub>id</sub>, which is the product of the injection efficiency and the differential laser-transition efficiency, reaches values as high as 86 % for both 8.4 &mu;m- and 8.8 &mu;m-emitting QCLs. Such &eta;<sub>id</sub> values are 30-50% higher than those obtained from conventional QCLs emitting in the 7-11 &mu;m wavelength range. Achieving both carrier-leakage suppression and miniband-like carrier extraction in mid-infrared (IR) QCLs leads to &eta;<sub>id</sub> values close to the fundamental limit of ~ 90 %. In turn, the currently employed fundamental wallplug-efficiency limits over the mid-IR wavelength range have to be increased by ~ 34 % (e.g., the wallplug-efficiency limit at &lambda;= 4.6 &mu;m increases from 29 % to 39 %). Preliminary results from STA-type 4.8-5.0 &mu;m-emitting QCLs include 1.5 W CW operation, and 77 % internal differential efficiency; that is, 30-50% higher than the &eta;<sub>id</sub> values obtained from conventional 4.0-6.5&mu;m-emitting QCLs.
70.3: Distinguished Contributed Paper: Wide Angle Projection Optics for Compact Rear Projector (2005)

Abstract We have developed a new projection optics with the exceptionally wide field angle of 160 degrees and the short projection distance of 125 mm with a 62 inch screen. It is constructed based on the Direct Projection Method which does not need a back mirror. In this paper, we will describe our new optical design concept and the characteristics of a prototype optical system.
Pre-transplantational Control of the Post-transplantational Fate of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cartilage (2018)

Cartilage pellets generated from ectomesenchymal progeny of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) in vitro eventually show signs of commitment of chondrocytes to hypertrophic differentiation. When transplanted subcutaneously, most of the surviving pellets were fully mineralized by 8 weeks. In contrast, treatment with the adenylyl cyclase activator, forskolin, in vitro resulted in slightly enlarged cartilage pellets containing an increased proportion of proliferating immature chondrocytes that expressed very low levels of hypertrophic/terminally matured chondrocyte-specific genes. Forskolin treatment also enhanced hyaline cartilage formation by reducing type I collagen gene expression and increasing sulfated glycosaminoglycan accumulation in the developed cartilage. Chondrogenic mesoderm from hPSCs and dedifferentiated nasal chondrocytes responded similarly to forskolin. Furthermore, forskolin treatment in vitro increased the frequency at which the cartilage pellets maintained unmineralized chondrocytes after subcutaneous transplantation. Thus, the post-transplantational fate of chondrocytes originating from hPSC-derived chondroprogenitors can be controlled during their genesis in vitro.
Radiographic Changes Around Humeral Components in Shoulder Arthroplasty (2014)

Glenoid issues have a substantial effect on humeral bone in shoulder arthroplasty. Polyethylene wear appears to be associated with the development of osteolysis of the proximal part of the humerus after total shoulder arthroplasty. With our implants, stress-shielding was only observed with uncemented humeral stems. The uncemented and cemented stem designs analyzed in this study appeared comparable and can be recommended for clinical use.
Application of Bioactive Mutant TNF Alpha to a Mucosal Vaccine Adjuvant (2010)

A large number of emerging pathogens, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and influenza virus are mucosally transmitted and must cross mucosal barriers to infect the host. Thus, to induce a maximal protective effect, it is desirable to apply vaccines by the mucosal route where virus infections start. Mucosal vaccines administered either orally or nasally have been shown to be effective in inducing antigen-specific immune responses at both systemic and mucosal compartments. However the mucosal antigen-specific immune response is weak because most protein antigens can evoke only a weak immune response when they are applied mucosally. Therefore, one strategy to overcome the weakness of the immune response is a co-administration of mucosal adjuvant with the vaccine antigen. Unfortunately, the development of safe and effective mucosal adjuvant has proved to be challenging. Cytokines are promising adjuvants because they are human-derived safe material and display potent immune-modulating functions. In this regards, we have created a mutant tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), mTNF-K90R, that exhibits high bioactivity and resistance to proteases. In this report, we examined the potential of mTNF-K90R as a mucosal adjuvant and evaluated its effectiveness and safety.
Preclinical development of anti-BCMA immunotoxins targeting multiple myeloma (2018)

Various new anti-BCMA immunotoxins were produced and evaluated. None of these were better than LMB-75 (anti-BCMA BM306-disulfide-stabilized Fv-LRggs) supporting the further preclinical development of LMB-75.
A novel methodology to solve the CQLF problem for a finite set of stable second-order systems (2014)

A new methodology to provide conclusive information about the existence/non-existence of a common quadratic Lyapunov function (CQLF) for a finite set of stable second-order systems is presented. Despite the high complexity of the CQLF problem, even in the case of N second-order systems, the results presented in this paper have a very simple and intuitive theoretical support, including topics such as classical intersection of convex sets and properties of convex linear combinations. Illustrative examples to show the performance of the proposed methodology are provided.