gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High throughput data-driven design of laser crystallized 2D MoS2 chemical sensors (2022)

High throughput characterization and processing techniques are becoming increasingly necessary to navigate multivariable, data-driven design challenges for sensors and electronic devices. For two-dimensional materials, device performance is highly dependent upon a vast array of material properties including number of layers, lattice strain, carrier concentration, defect density, and grain structure. In this work, laser-crystallization was used to locally pattern and transform hundreds of regions of amorphous MoS2 thin films into 2D 2H-MoS2. A high throughput Raman spectroscopy approach was subsequently used to assess the process-dependent structural and compositional variations for each illuminated region, yielding over 5500 distinct non-resonant, resonant, and polarized Raman spectra. The rapid generation of a comprehensive library of structural and compositional data elucidated important trends between structure-property-processing relationships involving laser-crystallized MoS2, including the relationships between grain size, grain orientation, and intrinsic strain. Moreover, extensive analysis of structure/property relationships allowed for intelligent design, and evaluation of major contributions to, device performance in MoS2 chemical sensors. In particular, it is found that sensor performance is strongly dependent on the orientation of the MoS2 grains relative to the crystal plane.
Computational Model for Predicting Visual Fixations from Childhood to Adulthood (2017)

How people look at visual information reveals fundamental information about themselves, their interests and their state of mind. While previous visual attention models output static 2-dimensional saliency maps, saccadic models aim to predict not only where observers look at but also how they move their eyes to explore the scene. Here we demonstrate that saccadic models are a flexible framework that can be tailored to emulate observer's viewing tendencies. More specifically, we use the eye data from 101 observers split in 5 age groups (adults, 8-10 y.o., 6-8 y.o., 4-6 y.o. and 2 y.o.) to train our saccadic model for different stages of the development of the human visual system. We show that the joint distribution of saccade amplitude and orientation is a visual signature specific to each age group, and can be used to generate age-dependent scanpaths. Our age-dependent saccadic model not only outputs human-like, age-specific visual scanpath, but also significantly outperforms other state-of-the-art saliency models. In this paper, we demonstrate that the computational modelling of visual attention, through the use of saccadic model, can be efficiently adapted to emulate the gaze behavior of a specific group of observers.
Association of genetic variations with NAFLD in lean individuals (2021)

The PNPLA3 rs738409 gene polymorphism has a greater effect on liver fat in Asian lean individuals than in overweight or obese ones.
The Pouring Process Optimization for the Conductive Slip-Rin (2019)

Based on its specific structural features, the packaging technology is extraordinary significant for the conductive slip-ring (CSR) encapsulating with epoxy molding compounds (EMC). In this work, a modified vacuum packaging technology has been proposed which includes a pouring process.By the construction of the relevant models, the packaging technology was calculated by MATLAB and discussed. It indicates that the EMC can be easily poured into the concentric ring slit of the CSR only with a differential pressure of 200 Pa between the outside pressure and the inside pressure. On the bases of the experimental results; the EMC can easily flow up from the bottom to the top of the CSR packaging mold vertically.
Multiobjective Optimization for Electromagnetics and Optics: An Introduction and Tutorial Based on Real-World Applications (2018)

Multiobjective optimization (MOO) provides the designer with a set of solutions that show potential tradeoffs between multiple conflicting objectives-e.g., performance and cost. Despite its utility, MOO is not as popular in electromagnetics (EMs) and optics as it is in other fields, such as economics, finance, and mechanical and chemical engineering. This article will provide a tutorial and introduction for electrical engineers interested in using a MOO algorithm.
Repurposing of the anti-HIV drug emtricitabine as a hydrogen-bonded cleft for bipyridines via cocrystallization (2020)

Supramolecular repurposing of the anti-HIV drug emtricitabine enables the recognition of rod-shaped bipyridines as a hydrogen-bonded supramolecular cleft.
Glutamate and kainate effects on the noradrenergic neurons innervating the rat vas deferens (1988)

The effects of glutamate on the noradrenergic innervation of the rat vas deferens have been investigated. Administration of a single dose of kainate (50 micrograms) to the peripheral noradrenergic ganglia innervating the vas deferens induced a time-dependent decrease of norepinephrine in the organ; after 10 days the norepinephrine concentration had fallen to 35% of control values. This effect was accompanied by a 70% decrease in the potassium-induced release of recently incorporated 3H-norepinephrine. Concomitantly, postsynaptic hypersensitivity to both norepinephrine and dopamine appeared. The finding that adrenergic ganglia possess high-affinity glutamate binding sites suggests that the effect of kainate may be ascribed to glutamate receptors present on the perikarya of the noradrenergic neurons. It is concluded that noradrenergic neurons of the vas deferens are under glutamatergic control and that this might be important in the motor control of the organ.
Improved commissioning in indoor wireless networks through sensor fusion using clustering (2018)

Commissioning of wireless networks can be a burdensome and costly task when the number of nodes increases significantly. This paper presents a method to reduce the required effort and cost by automating parts of the commissioning process, based on the location of the wireless devices. We have investigated how we can use sensor data to create a “signature” for a room by conducting a measurement campaign using a sensor fusion platform. We observed similar data being captured from each sensor within the same room, thus the sensor data can be used as location information for the commissioning process. An unsupervised machine learning technique was chosen to process the collected data and cluster all the data from each room together. After validating the algorithm in simulation, a Proof-of-Concept (PoC) was built to validate the system empirically. The PoC demonstrates how settings are pushed towards devices automatically based on their location and how the required effort can be reduced by automation.
Photon noise from chaotic and coherent millimeter-wave sources measured with horn-coupled, aluminum lumped-element kinetic inductance detectors (2016)

We report photon-noise limited performance of horn-coupled, aluminum lumped-element kinetic inductance detectors at millimeter wavelengths. The detectors are illuminated by a millimeter-wave source that uses an active multiplier chain to produce radiation between 140 and 160 GHz. We feed the multiplier with either amplified broadband noise or a continuous-wave tone from a microwave signal generator. We demonstrate that the detector response over a 40 dB range of source power is well-described by a simple model that considers the number of quasiparticles. The detector noise-equivalent power (NEP) is dominated by photon noise when the absorbed power is greater than approximately 1 pW, which corresponds to NEP≈2×10−17 W Hz−1/2, referenced to absorbed power. At higher source power levels, we observe the relationships between noise and power expected from the photon statistics of the source signal: NEP∝P for broadband (chaotic) illumination and NEP∝P1/2 for continuous-wave (coherent) illumination.
Four-quark static bag model in two dimensions (1980)

A two-dimensional MIT bag model is considered for the case of two quark-antiquark pairs aligned on an axis in the static limit. The problem of solving for the shape of the bag surface, the energy of the configuration, and the color field distribution is shown to be exactly solvable through a series of conformal mappings. Analysis and physical interpretation of the exact results are given.
Smart filters: operational HMD even at bright sunlight conditions (2014)

A typical Head Mounted Display (HMD) has either one or two small displays with relevant optics embedded in a helmet, eye-glasses (also known as data glasses) or visor. See-through HMDs provide the ability of superimposed the generated image on a real-world view. When using a see-through HMD at a very bright day, the display image risks vanishing due to the sun illumination. However, at a very cloudy day, one needs all the light to pass through the display to the user eye. The need to control the amount of sunlight passes through the HMD in a passive way was the trigger for our effort in developing Dynamic Sunlight Filter (DSF&trade;). DSF&trade; is a passive solution which is dedicated to regulate sunlight overpower events.
Repression of Rearranged μ Gene and Translocated c- myc in Mouse 3T3 Cells × Burkitt Lymphoma Cell Hybrids (1984)

The productively rearranged immunoglobulin mu chain gene and the translocated cellular oncogene c-myc are transcribed at high levels both in human Burkitt lymphoma cells carrying the t(8;14) chromosome translocation and in mouse plasmacytoma X Burkitt lymphoma cell hybrids. In the experiments reported here these genes were found to be repressed in mouse 3T3 fibroblast X Burkitt lymphoma cell hybrids. Such repression probably occurs at the transcriptional level since no human mu- and c-myc messenger RNA's are detectable in hybrid clones carrying the corresponding genes. It is therefore concluded that the ability to express these genes requires a differential B cell environment. The results suggest that the 3T3 cell assay may not be suitable to detect oncogenes directly involved in human B cell oncogenesis, since 3T3 cells apparently are incapable of transcribing an oncogene that is highly active in malignant B cells with specific chromosomal translocations.
Controlled vitamin D delivery with injectable hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel for restoration of tendinopathy (2022)

Tendinopathy is a term used to describe tendon disorders that are marked by pain and a loss of function. Recent studies demonstrated that inflammation plays an important role throughout the broad spectrum of tendinopathy. Conventional treatments such as steroid injections, analgesics, and physical modalities simply give pain relief and do not alter the disease progression without the tendon regeneration effect. Tenocytes are responsible for maintaining the tendon matrix and understanding how they function is essential to studying new treatments for tendinopathy. Our previous study showed the protective effects of vitamin D (Vit D) on damaged tenocytes. Besides its well-known effects on bone metabolism, the non-classical action of Vit D is the pleiotropic effects on modulating immune function. In the present study, we developed a Vit D delivery system with hyaluronic acid (HA), which is one of the major components of the extracellular matrix that has anti-inflammation and wound-healing properties. A novel Vit D delivery system with cross-linked HA hydrogel (Gel) and Tween 80 (T80), Vit D@Gel/T80, could be a new regeneration technique for the treatment of tendinopathy. Vit D@Gel/T80 reduced TNF-α induced damage to human tenocytes in vitro. In an animal study, the Vit D@Gel/T80 injected group demonstrated tendon restoration features. As a result, this Vit D@Gel/T80 system might be a local injection material in the treatment for tendinopathy.
The perfect storm: challenges and opportunities for translational medicine (2013)

It truly has been an honor and a privilege to have served as the President of the ASCI for the last year, and as has been the tradition since the founding of the Society in 1909, I stand here with more than a little trepidation to deliver an address where the expectation is that I will have something profound, witty, and maybe even important to say. Indeed, although my tenure as the President of the ASCI has been entirely enjoyable, I have lived under the terrible knowledge that I would be standing here today giving this address.
Nondestructive observation of compression behavior of pores in three-layered functionally graded aluminum foam of A1050/A6061/ADC12 by X-ray computed tomography (2014)

Functionally graded aluminum foam (FG Al foam), in which the properties vary with the position, is expected to improve the performance of Al foam. In this study, A1050/A6061/ADC12 three-layered FG Al foam was successfully fabricated by a friction stir welding route precursor foaming method. Stepwise compression tests and continuous X-ray computed tomography (CT) nondestructive observation of the pore structures of the FG Al foam was conducted. It was revealed that the deformation of the fabricated FG Al foam started from the low strength A1050 Al foam layer, and thereafter the middle strength A6061 and high strength ADC12 Al foam layers sequentially deformed. The stress–strain curves during compression tests revealed that three plateau regions appeared independently in the FG Al foams, which corresponded to the plateau regions appearing in the uniform Al foams. The three plateau regions of the FG Al foam had almost the same plateau stresses as that for each corresponding uniform Al foam. These results suggest that the FG Al foam has the potential to be deformed at a controlled and desired location and with a desired plateau stress.
Selective bridging of single-walled carbon nanotubes controlled with electric field applied to silicon structures (2005)

We have achieved controlling the number of bridging carbon nanotubes (CNTs) between silicon structures by applying an electric field during catalytic CVD. We fabricated a silicon gap where CNTs would bridge. From the SEM images after the CVD process, we observed that the electric field applied in parallel with the bridging direction was effective in increasing the number of bridging CNTs. On the other hand, the vertical electric field decreased the number of bridging CNTs.
Catalytic Diversity of GH30 Xylanases (2021)

Catalytic properties of GH30 xylanases belonging to subfamilies 7 and 8 were compared on glucuronoxylan, modified glucuronoxylans, arabinoxylan, rhodymenan, and xylotetraose. Most of the tested bacterial GH30-8 enzymes are specific glucuronoxylanases (EC 3.2.1.136) requiring for action the presence of free carboxyl group of MeGlcA side residues. These enzymes were not active on arabinoxylan, rhodymenan and xylotetraose, and conversion of MeGlcA to its methyl ester or its reduction to MeGlc led to a remarkable drop in their specific activity. However, some GH30-8 members are nonspecific xylanases effectively hydrolyzing all tested substrates. In terms of catalytic activities, the GH30-7 subfamily is much more diverse. In addition to specific glucuronoxylanases, the GH30-7 subfamily contains nonspecific endoxylanases and predominantly exo-acting enzymes. The activity of GH30-7 specific glucuronoxylanases also depend on the presence of the MeGlcA carboxyl, but not so strictly as in bacterial enzymes. The modification of the carboxyl group of glucuronoxylan had only weak effect on the action of predominantly exo-acting enzymes, as well as nonspecific xylanases. Rhodymenan and xylotetraose were the best substrates for exo-acting enzymes, while arabinoxylan represented hardly degradable substrate for almost all tested GH30-7 enzymes. The results expand current knowledge on the catalytic properties of this relatively novel group of xylanases.
Emerging strategies for the synthesis of highly monodisperse colloidal nanostructures (2010)

This short perspective describes recent developments in the synthesis of nanoscale colloids from sparingly soluble precursors. These strategies, which we dubbed 'heterogeneous nanocrystal syntheses' owing to the presence of a precursor in a non-colloidal solid state, have demonstrated the ability to generate new colloidal shapes, a superior monodispersity and a remarkable ability to delay the onset of Ostwald ripening, when compared with more traditional and purely colloidal strategies. We review the key contributions to this emerging area of research and discuss in detail the remarkable number of differences between these syntheses and the widely used homogeneous organometallic syntheses for making nanoscale colloids.
SMA Hybrid Composites for Dynamic Response Abatement Applications (2005)

A recently developed constitutive model and a finite element formulation for predicting the thermomechanical response of shape memory alloy hybrid composite (SMAHC) structures are briefly described. Attention is focused on constrained recovery behavior in this study, but the constitutive formulation is also applicable to modeling restrained or free recovery. Numerical results are shown for glass-epoxy panel specimens with embedded Nitinol actuators subjected to thermal and acoustic loads. Control of thermal buckling, random response, sonic fatigue, and noise transmission are demonstrated and compared to conventional approaches including addition of conventional composite layers and a constrained layer damping treatment. The SMAHC approach is shown to be significantly more effective in the dynamic response abatement applications than the conventional approaches. The impetus for the control is an extremely weight-efficient stiffening effect, which makes the SMAHC approach ideally suited for the difficult problem of low-frequency vibration and noise control. Extremely wideband control may be possible by combined SMAHC-conventional or SMAHC-active approaches because of the complementary control mechanisms.
Stabilization of amorphous calcium carbonate by specialized macromolecules in biological and synthetic precipitates (1996)

Composite structures in which amorphous and crystalline phases coexist are formed by some organisms. The spicules of the sponge Clathrina are shown to be composed of a crystalline calcitic core and an outer layer of amorphous CaCO 3 (see figure). The latter material, normally a highly unstable mineral, is stabilized in vitro by macromolecules extracted from the outer sponge spicule layer. The combination of crystalline and stabilized amorphous phases may have important implications for materials applications. magnified image
Controlled drug release by polymer dissolution. I. Partial esters of maleic anhydride copolymers—properties and theory (1978)

Abstract The kinetics of drug release from a series of partial esters of vinyl acetate–maleic anhydride has been investigated. These polymers in their un‐ionized forms are hydrophobic and water insoluble, but in their ionized forms they are water soluble. Polymer dissolution is pH sensitive, and different half‐esters have a characteristic pH range above which they are soluble and below which they are insoluble. When films are placed in buffered media, they erode at a constant rate that depends on the pH of dissolution of the polymer and on the pH of the buffered medium. Dissolution of the polymer is limited to the polymer–buffer medium interface, and drugs dissolved or uniformly dispersed in the polymer are released by zero‐order kinetics. A detailed model has been developed that successfully correlates dissolution behavior and various experimental parameters.
Outcome Measures of an Intracanal, Endoscopic Transforaminal Decompression Technique: Initial Findings from the MIS Prospective Registry (2015)

The initial results of the MIS Registry IC subgroup show a significant clinical improvement when the technique is employed to treat patients with lumbar disc herniation. The treatment of foraminal stenosis can lead to improved short-term clinical outcome but is associated with a high re-operation rate at 1 year post-op.
Patterning Discrete Stem Cell Culture Environments via Localized Self-Assembled Monolayer Replacement (2009)

Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of alkanethiolates on gold have become an important tool for probing cell-material interactions. Emerging studies in stem cell biology are particularly reliant on well-defined model substrates, and rapid, highly controllable fabrication methods may be necessary for characterizing the wide array of stem cell-material interactions. Therefore, this study describes a rapid method for creating SAM cell culture substrates with multiple discrete regions of controlled peptide identity and density. The approach uses a NaBH(4) solution to selectively remove regions of bioinert, hydroxyl-terminated oligo(ethylene glycol) alkanethiolate SAM and then locally replace them with mixed SAMs of hydroxyl- and carboxylic acid-terminated oligo(ethylene glycol) alkanethiolates. The cell adhesion peptide Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser-Pro (RGDSP) was then covalently linked to carboxylic acid-terminated mixed SAM regions to create cell adhesive environments within a bioinert background. SAM preparation and peptide immobilization were characterized using polarization modulation-infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS), as well as assays to monitor conjugation of a fluorescently labeled peptide. This "localized SAM replacement" method was achieved using an array of microchannels, which facilitated rapid and simple processing. Results indicate that immobilized RGDSP promoted spatially localized attachment of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) within specified regions, while maintaining a stable, bioinert background in serum-containing cell culture conditions for up to 14 days. Cell attachment to patterned regions presenting a range of cell adhesion peptide densities demonstrated that peptide identity and density strongly influence hMSC spreading and focal adhesion density. These substrates contain discrete, well-defined microenvironments for stem cell culture, which could ultimately enable high-throughput screening for the effects of immobilized signals on stem cell phenotype.
Involvement of LIGHT in multiple myeloma bone disease (2014)

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences on calcified tissues ISSN 2052-1219 (online)
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Photocatalytic Fluorination of Unactivated C—H Bonds. (2014)

Abstract A straightforward method for fluorination of unactivated C—H bonds is described.
Memory Span: The Effect of Calculation Method and Presentation Mode (1999)

Studies on short-term memory limitations of native Chinese speakers are few. Even though the trace decay theory has been shown to be applicable for graphical images and other items, the applicability and discrepancies for nonnative English speakers is poorly understood. The results of 2 experiments are reported. Experiment 1 was an attempt to compare the memory span of native Cantonese (Hong Kong) speakers when digits were heard in Cantonese and English using computer recordings. The results showed that the memory span with Cantonese digits is significantly higher than with English numbers even with computer recorded data. The calculation method can result in a significant difference (approximately 0.9 points) for memory span. Experiment 2 was designed to evaluate the advantage of seeing and listening to information. This experiment also showed a significantly higher memory span in Cantonese. A comparison between the 2 experiments showed a significant difference between pure listening and listening and seeing information thereby indicating a need to modify the trace decay theory. The lower bound for memory span in the audiovisual mode is approximately 8 digits for Cantonese speakers. This difference in memory span between Cantonese and English may be attributed to the faster pronunciation speed and the intonation built into the Cantonese language. The nonlinear probability of recall curves for nonnative English speakers is a key to understanding the differences in memory span and the applicability of short-term memory models.