gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anthocyanins Downregulate Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Responses in BV2 Microglial Cells by Suppressing the NF-κB and Akt/MAPKs Signaling Pathways (2013)

Anthocyanins are naturally occurring polyphenols that impart bright color to fruits, vegetables and plants and have a variety of protective properties, which have generally been attributed to their antioxidant capacity. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying anti-inflammatory effects of anthocyanins related to neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, we determined whether anthocyanins isolated from black soybean seed coats would inhibit pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine BV2 microglial cells. Our results showed that anthocyanins significantly inhibited LPS-induced pro-inflammatory mediators, such as nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E(2), and pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β, without significant cytotoxicity. Anthocyanins also downregulated excessive expression of inducible NO synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, TNF-α, and IL-1β in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells. Moreover, anthocyanins inhibited nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) by reducing inhibitor of NF-κB alpha degradation as well as phosphorylating extracellular signal-regulated kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, and Akt. These findings suggest that anthocyanins may offer substantial therapeutic potential for treating inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases accompanied by microglial activation.
Die räumliche Strichdickenverteilung als Anwendung der dreidimensionalen Papierstrukturanalyse (2004)

Most of the paper properties are affected by the three-dimensional distribution of paper raw materials i.e. the structure of fibers, fines, fillers and pores. There are two main approaches in structure analysis: destructive and non-destructive methods. In this article, different concepts for each approach are presented and the pros and cons of each method are discussed. Finally a new technology based on fully automated microtomy and image analysis is introduced. Analyzing a paper sample using automated microtomy yields a three dimensional digital representation of the paper structure. From the multitude of possible paper structure analysis coating layer thickness is presented as the first application. The coating layer is identified by image analysis and the data is evaluated by statistical methods.
Knocking out a specific tRNA species within unfractionated Escherichia coli tRNA by using antisense (complementary) oligodeoxyribonucleotides (1998)

Methods for the preparation of an Escherichia coli tRNA mixture lacking one or a few specific tRNA species can be the basis for future applications of cell-free protein synthesis. We demonstrate here that virtually a single tRNA species in a crude E. coli tRNA mixture can be knocked out by an antisense (complementary) oligodeoxyribonucleotide. One out of five oligomers complementary to tRNA(Asp) blocked the aspartylation almost completely, while minimally affecting the aminoacylation with other 13 amino acids tested. This 'knockout' tRNA behaved similarly to the untreated tRNA in a cell-free translation of an mRNA lacking Asp codons.
Toward the Implementation of Practical Super-RENS System Using a Commercial Drive (2005)

Implementation of practical Super-RENS system by using the existing commercial drive is achieved. By using ZnO-type Super-RENS discs as the storage media, the commercial drive can perform mark position recording with 220nm mark size and correctly retrieve the recorded signal.
Nanopatterning of Phase-Change Material Thin Films For Tunable Photonics (2021)

For manipulation of light’s amplitude, phase and polarization, metasurfaces arose as promising candidates with capabilities beyond those of classical optical components. Once fabricated, however, metasurfaces have set optical properties and are thus passive . Active metasurfaces are made out of nanostructures whose optical properties can be externally manipulated. 1 To tune e.g . the optical environment of the nanostructures, phase-change materials (PCMs) became popular due to their high optical contrast and non-volatility. PCMs have been employed as surrounding medium for plasmonic resonators and studies employing PCMs as all-dielectric metasurfaces are promising. The switching of PCMs by optical means lead to successful patterning in the µm-regime. 2 Bypassing the limits of diffraction imposed by optical switching, we employ a powerful thermal scanning probe lithography (t-SPL) technique to control position, depth and size of the switched PCM. First theoretical studies and metasurface designs for metasurfaces enabled by t-SPL could have exciting applications in the near infrared spectral range. 3
Model-based fusion of bone and air sensors for speech enhancement and robust speech recognition. (2004)

We present a probabilistic framework that uses a bone sensor and air microphone to perform speech enhancement for robust speech recognition. The system exploits advantages of both sensors: the noise resistance of the bone sensor, and the linearity of the air microphone. In this paper we describe the general properties of the bone sensor relative to conventional air sensors. We propose a model capable of adapting to the noise conditions, and evaluate performance using a commercial speech recognition system. We demonstrate considerable improvements in recognition – from a baseline of 57% up to nearly 80% word accuracy – for four subjects on a difficult condition with background speaker interference.
Autologous serologic responses in glioma patients correlation with tumor grade and survival (1983)

The serologic responses of 42 patients with gliomas have been evaluated in a quantitative microcytotoxicity assay utilizing autologous cultured glioma cells. Forty-five percent of patients had detectable cytotoxic antibody apparently directed to their own cultured cells. When tumor grade was correlated with immune response, 15/20 patients with Grade I, II and III astrocytomas had antigens detectable in autologous sera whereas only 5/22 patients with Grade IV astrocytomas had such responses. None of the autologous fibroblasts from the 15 patients with paired gliomas and fibroblast lines had membrane antigens detectable using autologous sera and fibroblast absorption did not reduce antiglioma activity. Thus, the cytotoxicity observed in this assay appears to be restricted to tumor cells, suggesting reactivity against tumor-associated antigen. In addition, it appears that these immune responses are highly correlated with survival in primary malignant brain tumor patients.
Role of central melanocortins in endotoxin-induced anorexia (1999)

Inflammation and microbial infection produce symptoms, including fever, anorexia, and hypoactivity, that are thought to be mediated by endogenous proinflammatory cytokines. Melanocortins are known to act centrally to suppress effects on fever and other sequelae of proinflammatory cytokine actions in the central nervous system, but the roles of melanocortins in anorexia and hypoactivity occurring during the acute phase response are unknown. The present study was designed to determine the effects of exogenous and endogenous alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced anorexia in relation to their effects on fever. Rats were fasted overnight to promote feeding behavior, then injected intraperitoneally with LPS (100 micrograms/kg ip), followed 30 min later by intracerebroventricular injection of either alpha-MSH or the melanocortin receptor subtype 3/subtype 4 (MC3-R/MC4-R) antagonist SHU-9119. Food intake, locomotor activity, and body temperature (Tb) were monitored during the ensuing 24-h period. Each of two intracerebroventricular doses of alpha-MSH (30 and 300 ng) potentiated the suppressive effects of LPS on food intake and locomotion, despite the fact that the higher dose alleviated LPS-induced fever. In control rats that were not treated with LPS, only the higher dose of alpha-MSH significantly inhibited food intake, and Tb and locomotor activity were unaffected. To assess the roles of endogenous central melanocortins, LPS-treated rats received intracerebroventricular SHU-9119 (200 ng). Central MC3-R/MC4-R blockade did not affect Tb or food intake in the absence of LPS treatment, but it reversed the LPS-induced reduction in 24-h food intake and increased LPS-induced fever without altering the LPS-induced suppression of locomotion. Taken together, the results suggest that exogenous and endogenous melanocortins acting centrally exert divergent influences on different aspects of the acute phase response, suppressing LPS-induced fever but contributing to LPS-induced anorexia and hypoactivity.
Variability of IgE reactivity profiles among European mite allergic patients (2008)

Purified Der p 1 and Der p 2 are sufficient for the diagnosis of > or = 97% of D. pteronyssinus allergic patients in Europe, but other allergens may also play an important role for the diagnosis and treatment of HDM allergy.
The modifier protein of formaldehyde dehydrogenase from Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath) (1996)

Stirling &amp; Dalton (1978) isolated a formaldehyde dehydrogenase (mFDH) from Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath) which required a small heat stable component for the catalysis of formaldehyde oxidation to occur. The mFDH was purified and shown to be a dimer of 57kDa subunits. The heat stable component was purified and shown to modify the function of FDH and was therefore termed a modifier protein (protein F) (Milletetal., (unpublished». In this study purification procedures for protein F and mFDH are described. The N-terminal sequence of purified mFDH and protein Fare described and data are presented which indicates that mFDH is a tetramer of 63 kDa subunits.&#13;\n&#13;\nIt was known that protein F altered the function of mFDH from a specific FDH to a general aldehyde dehydrogenase. The data presented in this study demonstrate that only formaldehyde oxidation is catalysed in the presence of protein F and in its absence fonnaldehyde oxidation can not be detected. The data also show that the oxidation of a range of aldehydes and alcohols are catalysed by mFDH in the absence of protein F. The data demonstrate that formaldehyde association to mFDH is cooperative resulting in a sigmoidal plot for rate vs. formaldehyde concentration while acetaldehyde oxidation follows Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Data are also presented which demonstrate that protein F may induce a conformational change in mFDH which allows formaldehyde oxidation catalysis to occur and inhibits the oxidation of acetaldehyde.&#13;\n&#13;\nThe data also show that protein F has limited effects on other dehydrogenase enzymes. An enzyme whose activity is altered by protein F was identified in a commercial sample of calf liver glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) and this was purified and shown not to be GDH. Also described is the characterisation of a second NAD+linked FDH (nFDH) isolated from Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath) which does not require a modifier protein.&#13;\n&#13;\nFrom the data presented it is proposed that the function of mFDH may be to aid in reducing toxic formaldehyde concentrations in the organism and the role of the nFDH could be the generation of NADH for methane and carbon assimilation.
Spiral Waves are Stable in Discrete Element Models of Two-Dimensional Homogeneous Excitable Media (1998)

The spontaneous breakup of a single spiral wave of excitation into a turbulent wave pattern has been observed in both discrete element models and continuous reaction-diffusion models of spatially homogeneous 2D excitable media. These results have attracted considerable interest, since spiral breakup is thought to be an important mechanism of transition from the heart rhythm disturbance ventricular tachycardia to the fatal arrhythmia ventricular fibrillation. It is not known whether this process can occur in the absence of disease-induced spatial heterogeneity of the electrical properties of the ventricular tissue. Candidate mechanisms for spiral breakup in uniform 2D media have emerged, but the physical validity of the mechanisms and their applicability to myocardium require further scrutiny. In this letter, we examine the computer simulation results obtained in two discrete element models and show that the instability of each spiral is an artifact resulting from an unphysical dependence of wave speed on wave front curvature in the medium. We conclude that spiral breakup does not occur in these two models at the specified parameter values and that great care must be exercised in the representation of a continuous excitable medium via discrete elements.
Liver hemodynamics after cardiac surgery in patients with preoperative cardiac failure. Effects of levosimendan (2006)

Laya, A.; Alvarez, J.; Gonzalez, A.; Garea, M.; Vazquez, M.; Valiño, C.; Caruezo, V.; Selas, S.; Bermudez, M. Author Information
Discrimination among different kinds of surface defects on compact discs (2005)

Compact disc players have problems playing discs with surface defects such as scratches and finger prints. The problem is that handling normal disturbances such as mechanical shocks etc, require a high bandwidth of the controllers which keep the optical pick-up focused and radial tracked on the information track on the disc. In order for the controllers to handle the surface defects it is required that they are non-sensitive to the frequency contents of the defect, since a defect can be viewed as a disturbance on the measurements. A simple solution to this problem is to decrease the controller bandwidth during the defect. However, due to the variation of defects a more adaptive control strategy would be preferable. In this paper the defects are categorised into three groups. A discriminator is designed, based on the local most discriminating basis vectors of the Karhunen-Loeve and Haar basis as well as the mean of defect groups vectors. In these basis the discrimination rule is simple. The defect in question is a member of the group it is closest too. The Karhunen-Loeve basis gives a correct classification rate of more than 85.7% with 3 basis vectors and the Haar basis of more than 94.6% with 5 basis vectors.
Nature of the 1100 Micron AzTEC-COSMOS sources (2007)

The Cosmic Evolution Survey (COSMOS) is a 2 square degree HST/ACS survey specifically designed to probe galaxy evolution as a function of time and environment (PI: N. Scoville). To take advantage of the extensive complementary databases already available through the COSMOS collaboration, we have undertaken a 1100 micron imaging survey of a 30' x 30' field centered just north of the earlier mm/submm surveys by the Bolocam on CSO and MAMBO on the IRAM 30-m telescope. In this poster paper, we will compare the results of the AzTEC and Bolocam surveys and discuss the nature of the AzTEC sources based on the existing multi-wavelength data in hand.
Low-complexity estimators for distributed sources (2000)

In antenna array applications, the propagation environment is often more complicated than the ordinarily assumed model of plane wavefronts. Here, a low-complexity algorithm is suggested for estimating both the DOA and the spread angle of a source subject to local scattering, using a uniform linear array. The parameters are calculated from the estimates obtained using a standard algorithm such as root-MUSIC to fit a two-ray model to the data. The algorithm is shown to give consistent estimates, and the statistical performance is studied analytically and through simulations.
Mapping Hot Spots at Heterogeneities of Few-Layer Ti3C2 MXene Sheets (2019)

Structural defects and heterogeneities play an enormous role in the formation of localized hot spots in 2D materials used in a wide range of applications from electronics to energy systems. In this report, we employ scanning thermal microscopy (SThM) to spatially map the temperature rise across various defects and heterogeneities of titanium carbide (Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T <sub>x</sub>; T stands for surface terminations) MXene nanostructures under high electrical bias with sub-50 mK temperature resolution and sub-100 nm spatial resolution. We investigated several Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T <sub>x</sub> flakes having different thicknesses as well as heterogeneous MXene structures incorporating line defects or vertical heterojunctions. High-resolution temperature rise maps allow us to identify localized hot spots and to quantify the nonuniformity of the temperature fields across various morphological features. The results show that the local heating is most severe in vertical junctions of MXene flakes and is highly affected by nonuniform conduction due to the presence of line defects. These results provide a direct insight into the power dissipation of MXene-based devices and the roles of various heterogeneities that are inherent to the material synthesis process. This study provides a guideline for how a better understanding of the structure-property-processing correlations and further optimization of the synthesis routes could improve the lifetime, safety, and operation limits of the MXene-based devices.
Functionality of a next generation biosynthetic bacterial 6-phytase in enhancing phosphorus availability to broilers fed a corn-soybean meal-based diet (2020)

The addition of phytase enzyme to broiler feed as a means of improving phosphorus (P) availability and reducing P excretion is widespread practice. New phytases with enhanced functionality continue to be developed. We tested the effects of a next generation biosynthetic bacterial 6-phytase on growth performance, tibia ash and P digestibility in broilers. Treatments included a nutritionally adequate positive control (PC) diet, a negative control (NC) diet formulated with reductions in Ca and available P (avP) of 2.0 g/kg and 1.9 g/kg (starter phase) and 2.0 g/kg and 1.8 g/kg (finisher phase), respectively, and three further diets comprising the NC supplemented with three levels of phytase (250, 500 or 1000 FTU/kg). Diets were fed in mash form to day-old Cobb 500 broilers housed in pens (9 pens for NC, 10 pens for all other treatments; 24 birds/pen), in two phases (starter, days 1–21; finisher, days 22–42). Tibias were collected from 4 birds on day 21 and from 6 birds on day 42 for determination of defatted tibia ash. Ileal digesta was collected on day 21 for determination of apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of nutrients. Compared to PC, the NC exhibited reduced tibia ash at day 21 and 42, resulting in reduced average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) during starter, finisher, and overall phases, and increased feed conversion ratio (FCR) during finisher phase and overall (P < 0.05). Phytase at any dose-level during both phases improved tibia ash vs. NC (P < 0.05) and maintained feed intake and growth parameters equivalent to the PC. At a dose-level of 500 FTU/kg or above, phytase supplementation increased AID of P vs. NC (P < 0.05) and at 1000 FTU/kg, phytase improved the AID of P compared with PC (P < 0.05). For all measures, response values were numerically highest with 1000 FTU/kg and increased linearly or quadratically with increasing phytase dose (P < 0.05). Phytase at 1000 FTU/kg produced birds with an average day 42 body weight of 2.74 kg and overall FCR of 1.626, comparable to PC. On a grams per kilogram diet basis, phytase at 1000 FTU/kg improved ileal digestible P by 1.76 g/kg above NC (at day 21). This is equivalent to 2.07 g P from monocalcium phosphate (MCP-P), based on digestible P improvement. The results suggest the novel biosynthetic phytase has high functionality in the tested dietary setting.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Graphitic tribological layers in metal-on-metal hip replacements. (2012)

Arthritis is a leading cause of disability, and when nonoperative methods have failed, a prosthetic implant is a cost-effective and clinically successful treatment. Metal-on-metal replacements are an attractive implant technology, a lower-wear alternative to metal-on-polyethylene devices. Relatively little is known about how sliding occurs in these implants, except that proteins play a critical role and that there is a tribological layer on the metal surface. We report evidence for graphitic material in the tribological layer in metal-on-metal hip replacements retrieved from patients. As graphite is a solid lubricant, its presence helps to explain why these components exhibit low wear and suggests methods of improving their performance; simultaneously, this raises the issue of the physiological effects of graphitic wear debris. PMID: 22194573 Funding information This work was supported by: NIAMS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: 1RC2AR058993-01
Pointing into remote 3D environments (2010)

In anticipation of the proliferation of micro-projectors on our handheld imaging devices, we designed and tested a camera-projector system that allows a distant user to point into a remote 3D environment with a projector. The solution involves a means for locating a projected dot, and for adjusting its location to correspond to a position indicted a remote user viewing the scene through a camera. It was designed to operate efficiently, even in the presence of camera noise. While many camera-projector display systems require a calibration phase, the presented approach allows calibration-free operation. The tracking algorithm is implemented with a modified 2D gradient decent method that performs even in the presence of spatial discontinuities. Our prototype was constructed using a standard web-camera and network to perform real-time tracking, navigating the projected dot across irregularly shaped and colored surfaces accurately. Our tests included a camera-projector system and client on either side of the Atlantic Ocean with no loss of responsiveness.
Replacement of arginine 246 by histidine in the beta subunit of Escherichia coli H+-ATPase resulted in loss of multi-site ATPase activity. (1986)

A mutant strain KF43 of Escherichia coli defective in the beta subunit of H+-translocating ATPase (F0F1) was examined. In this mutant, replacement of Arg246 by His was identified by DNA sequencing of the mutant gene and confirmed by tryptic peptide mapping. The mutant F1-ATPase was defective in multi-site hydrolysis of ATP but was active in uni-site hydrolysis. Studies on the kinetics of uni-site hydrolysis indicated that the k1 (rate of ATP binding) was similar to that of the wild-type, but the k-1 (rate of release of ATP) could not be measured. The mutant enzyme had a k3 (rate of release of inorganic phosphate) about 15-fold higher than that of the wild-type and showed 3 orders of magnitude lower promotion from uni- to multi-site catalysis. These results suggest that Arg246 or the region in its vicinity is important in multi-site hydrolysis of ATP and is also related to the binding of inorganic phosphate. Reconstitution experiments using isolated subunits suggested that hybrid enzymes (alpha beta gamma complexes) carrying both the mutant and wild-type beta subunits were inactive in multi-site hydrolysis of ATP, supporting the notion that three intact beta subunits are required for activity of the F1 molecule.
Gauß-Strahlen (2011)

Wir haben im vorangegangenen Kapitel gesehen, dass die Ausbreitung elektromagnetischer Wellen durch eine Wellengleichung beschrieben wird, die aus den Maxwell-Gleichungen hergeleitet werden kann: 3-1 $$ \frac{{{\partial }^{2}}E}{\partial {{x}^{2}}}=\frac{1}{{{c}^{2}}}\frac{{{\partial }^{2}}E}{\partial {{t}^{2}}}\ $$ Als Lösung für diese Gleichung haben wir die ebene Welle kennen gelernt, die aber einen realen Lichtstrahl und im besonderen einen Laserstrahl schlecht beschreibt.