gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phosphorylation potential of Drosophila E-Cadherin intracellular domain is essential for development and adherens junction biosynthetic dynamics regulation (2017)

Phosphorylation of a highly conserved serine cluster in the intracellular domain of E-Cadherin is essential for binding to β-Catenin in vitro . In cultured cells, phosphorylation of specific serine residues within the cluster is also required for regulation of adherens junction (AJ) stability and dynamics. However, much less is known about how such phosphorylation of E-Cadherin regulates AJ formation and dynamics in vivo . In this report, we generated an extensive array of Drosophila E-Cadherin (DE-Cad) endogenous knock-in alleles that carry mutations targeting this highly conserved serine cluster. Analyses of these mutations suggest that the overall phosphorylation potential, rather than the potential site-specific phosphorylation, of the serine cluster enhances the recruitment of β-Catenin by DE-Cad in vivo . Moreover, phosphorylation potential of the serine cluster only moderately increases the level of β-Catenin in AJs and is in fact dispensable for AJ formation in vivo . Nonetheless, phosphorylation-dependent recruitment of β-Catenin is essential for development, probably by enhancing the interactions between DE-Cad and α-Catenin. In addition, several phospho-mutations dramatically reduced the biosynthetic turnover rate of DE-Cad during apical-basal polarization, and such biosynthetically stable DE-Cad mutants specifically rescued the polarity defects in embryonic epithelia lacking the polarity proteins Stardust and Crumbs.
Powering an AI Chatbot with Expert Sourcing to Support Credible Health Information Access (2023)

During a public health crisis like the COVID-19 pandemic, a credible and easy-to-access information portal is highly desirable. It helps with disease prevention, public health planning, and misinformation mitigation. However, creating such an information portal is challenging because 1) domain expertise is required to identify and curate credible and intelligible content, 2) the information needs to be updated promptly in response to the fast-changing environment, and 3) the information should be easily accessible by the general public; which is particularly difficult when most people do not have the domain expertise about the crisis. In this paper, we presented an expert-sourcing framework and created Jennifer, an AI chatbot, which serves as a credible and easy-to-access information portal for individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic. Jennifer was created by a team of over 150 scientists and health professionals around the world, deployed in the real world and answered thousands of user questions about COVID-19. We evaluated Jennifer from two key stakeholders’ perspectives, expert volunteers and information seekers. We first interviewed experts who contributed to the collaborative creation of Jennifer to learn about the challenges in the process and opportunities for future improvement. We then conducted an online experiment that examined Jennifer’s effectiveness in supporting information seekers in locating COVID-19 information and gaining their trust. We share the key lessons learned and discuss design implications for building expert-sourced and AI-powered information portals, along with the risks and opportunities of misinformation mitigation and beyond.
A Convenient Multigram Scale Synthesis of Tetrahydrothiophene‐3‐one‐1,1‐dioxide (2004)

Abstract A short and efficient multigram scale synthesis of tetrahydrothiophene‐3‐one‐1,1‐dioxide is described.
On the origin of kinking in layered crystalline solids (2021)

Kinking is a deformation mechanism ubiquitous to layered systems, ranging from the nanometer scale in layered crystalline solids, to the kilometer scale in geological formations. Herein, we demonstrate its origins in the former through multiscale experiments and atomistic simulations. When compressively loaded parallel to their basal planes, layered crystalline solids first buckle elastically, then nucleate atomic-scale, highly stressed ripplocation boundaries – a process driven by redistributing strain from energetically expensive in-plane bonds to cheaper out-of-plane bonds. The consequences are far reaching as the unique mechanical properties of layered crystalline solids are highly dependent upon their ability to deform by kinking. Moreover, the compressive strength of numerous natural and engineered layered systems depends upon the ease of kinking or lack there of.
Assessment of CD8+ T cell immune activation markers to monitor response to antiretroviral therapy among HIV-1 infected patients in Côte d’Ivoire (2005)

Because of the paucity of plasma HIV RNA viral load (VL) tests in resource-poor settings, the CD4(+) T cell count is often used as the sole laboratory marker to evaluate the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in HIV-infected patients. In untreated patients, the level of activated T cells is positively correlated with VL and represents a prognostic marker of HIV infection. However, little is known about its value to predict early drug failure, taking into account the relatively high non-specific immune activation background observed in many resource-limited tropical countries. We assessed the use of immune activation markers (expression of CD38 and/or human leucocyte antigen-DR on CD8(+) lymphocytes) to predict virological response to ART in a cohort of HIV-1 infected patients in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. Correlations between VL, absolute CD4(+) T cell counts and immune activation levels were examined in 111 HIV patient samples at baseline and after 6 and 12 months of therapy. The percentage of CD38(+) CD8(+) T cells appeared to be the best correlate of VL. In contrast, changes in CD4(+) T cell counts provided a poor correlate of virological response to ART. Unfortunately, CD38(+) CD8(+) percentages lacked specificity for the determination of early virological drug failure and did not appear to be reliable surrogates of RNA viral load. CD38(+) CD8(+) T cell percentages may, rather, provide a sensitive estimate of the overall immune recovery, and be a useful extra laboratory parameter to CD4 counts that would contribute to improve the clinical management of HIV-infected people when VL testing facilities are lacking.
Sub-5 nm single crystalline organic p–n heterojunctions (2021)

The cornerstones of emerging high-performance organic photovoltaic devices are bulk heterojunctions, which usually contain both structure disorders and bicontinuous interpenetrating grain boundaries with interfacial defects. This feature complicates fundamental understanding of their working mechanism. Highly-ordered crystalline organic p-n heterojunctions with well-defined interface and tailored layer thickness, are highly desirable to understand the nature of organic heterojunctions. However, direct growth of such a crystalline organic p-n heterojunction remains a huge challenge. In this work, we report a design rationale to fabricate monolayer molecular crystals based p-n heterojunctions. In an organic field-effect transistor configuration, we achieved a well-balanced ambipolar charge transport, comparable to single component monolayer molecular crystals devices, demonstrating the high-quality interface in the heterojunctions. In an organic solar cell device based on the p-n junction, we show the device exhibits gate-tunable open-circuit voltage up to 1.04 V, a record-high value in organic single crystalline photovoltaics.
Designing Protein Denaturants: Synthetic Agents Induce Cytochromec Unfolding at Low Concentrations and Stoichiometries (2002)

The structural diversity and marginal stability (5–15 kcal mol−1) of proteins suggest the development of synthetic agents that selectively promote denaturation at low concentrations (see scheme). It is shown that an artificial receptor that binds tightly to the surface of native cytochrome c (cyt. c) lowers the melting temperature of the protein by 20°C at stoichiometric amounts; the receptor also selectively binds the native form rather than cyt. C551 and surface-modified cyt. c.
Mismatched-filter design for periodic binary phased signals (1989)

A mismatched filter design is introduced whereby the receiver filter coefficients are optimized with the property that all sidelobes of the cross-correlation function (CCF) are zero. Some results are given for binary sequences and the associated mismatched filters. For each length N>2 there exist at least one sequence and an associated mismatched filter with an ideal impulselike CCF, which means that there are no sidelobes at all in the receiver output signal.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Highly stacked quantum dot lasers fabricated by a strain-compensation technique (2011)

We fabricated laser diodes containing highly stacked InAs quantum dots using a strain-compensation technique. The quantum dots exhibited laser emissions from 1.47 to 1.7 μm and a high characteristic temperature of 113 K.
Structural connectivity of the ANT region based on human ex-vivo and HCP data. Relevance for DBS in ANT for epilepsy (2022)

Our synthetic reconstruction method provides the first anatomically realistic fiber pathway map in the human ANT region incorporating histological and structural MRI data. We propose that this complex ANT fiber network can be used for detailed analysis of the outcomes of DBS studies and potentially for visualization during the stimulation planning procedures. The connectivity map might also facilitate surgical planning and will help to simulate the complex ANT connectivity. Possible activation patterns that may be elicited by electrodes in different positions in the ANT region will help to understand clinically diverse outcomes based on this new dense fiber network map. As a consequence this work might in the future help to improve individual outcomes in ANT-DBS.
Synthesis of poly(alkyl cyanoacrylate)‐based colloidal nanomedicines (2008)

Nanoparticles developed from poly(alkyl cyanoacrylate) (PACA) biodegradable polymers have opened new and exciting perspectives in the field of drug delivery due to their nearly ideal characteristics as drug carriers in connection with biomedical applications. Thanks to the direct implication of organic chemistry, polymer science and physicochemistry, multiple PACA nanoparticles with different features can be obtained: nanospheres and nanocapsules (either oil- or water-containing) as well as long-circulating and ligand-decorated nanoparticles. This review aims at emphasizing the synthetic standpoint of all these nanoparticles by describing the important aspects of alkyl cyanoacrylate chemistry as well as the experimental procedures and the different techniques involved for the preparation of the corresponding colloidal devices.
A DRG genetic toolkit reveals molecular, morphological, and functional diversity of somatosensory neuron subtypes (2023)

Mechanical and thermal stimuli acting on the skin are detected by morphologically and physiologically distinct sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Achieving a holistic view of how this diverse neuronal population relays sensory information from the skin to the central nervous system (CNS) has been challenging with existing tools. Here, we used transcriptomic datasets of the mouse DRG to guide development and curation of a genetic toolkit to interrogate transcriptionally defined DRG neuron subtypes. Morphological analysis revealed unique cutaneous axon arborization areas and branching patterns of each subtype. Physiological analysis showed that subtypes exhibit distinct thresholds and ranges of responses to mechanical and/or thermal stimuli. The somatosensory neuron toolbox thus enables comprehensive phenotyping of most principal sensory neuron subtypes. Moreover, our findings support a population coding scheme in which the activation thresholds of morphologically and physiologically distinct cutaneous DRG neuron subtypes tile multiple dimensions of stimulus space.
Zum Wirkungsmechanismus von Induktionsstoffen, I. Fraktionierung von Kalbsthymus-Chromatin und Charakterisierung eines spezifischen DNA-Protein-Komplexes (1967)

Article Zum Wirkungsmechanismus von Induktionsstoffen, I. Fraktionierung von Kalbsthymus-Chromatin und Charakterisierung eines spezifischen DNA-Protein-Komplexes was published on January 1, 1967 in the journal Biological Chemistry (volume 348, issue Jahresband).
Control of the input characteristic and the displacement factor of uni- and bidirectional SWISS rectifier for symmetrical and unsymmetrical three-phase mains (2015)

This paper introduces a phase-oriented control strategy for the uni- and bidirectional three-phase, bucktype SWISS Rectifier. It allows phase shifted sinusoidal input currents which enable the generation of capacitive or inductive reactive power at the converter's AC grid interface. Furthermore, the operation of the SWISS Rectifier with unsymmetrical AC mains voltages is analyzed. Modifications of the control structure, allowing constant AC input power or ohmic mains behavior even with unsymmetrical AC voltages are presented. Simulations and measurements taken on a 7.5 kW bidirectional SWISS Rectifier hardware prototype demonstrate the validity of the theoretical considerations.
Conductive polymers based upon rigid-rod ultrahigh-modulus macromolecules. Electrochemical doping of poly(p-phenylenebenzobisthiazole-2,6-diyl) (PBT) (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConductive polymers based upon rigid-rod ultrahigh-modulus macromolecules. Electrochemical doping of poly(p-phenylenebenzobisthiazole-2,6-diyl) (PBT)Patricia A. DePra, John G. Gaudiello, and Tobin J. MarksCite this: Macromolecules 1988, 21, 7, 2295–2297Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00185a073https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00185a073research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views109Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Rapid Synthesis in Ionic Liquids of Room‐Temperature‐Conducting Solid Microsilica Spheres (2005)

Rau oder glatt nach Belieben: Leitfähige Siliciumdioxid-Mikrokügelchen mit unterschiedlichen Morphologien – rau, gepunktet oder glatt (siehe Bild) – entstehen in ionischen Flüssigkeiten unter verschiedenen experimentellen Bedingungen. Die Leitfähigkeit der Siliciumdioxidpartikel wird auf den Einschluss von ionischer Flüssigkeit und Wasser zurückgeführt.
Molecular basis of Escherichia coli colonization of the upper urinary tract in BALB/c mice. Gal-Gal pili immunization prevents Escherichia coli pyelonephritis in the BALB/c mouse model of human pyelonephritis. (1985)

Most human pyelonephritis Escherichia coli isolates express both mannose (MS)- and globoside (Gal-Gal)-binding pili. An ascending E. coli urinary tract infection model was established in the 16-wk-old female BALB/c mouse to compare the pathogenic significance of MS and Gal-Gal pili and their efficacy as vaccines for the prevention of pyelonephritis. The distribution and density of pilus receptor compounds in urogenital tissues and as soluble compounds in urine were determined with antibodies to the synthetic receptor analogues, alpha D-Gal(1----4) beta D-Gal and alpha D-Man(1----2) alpha D-Man. Both carbohydrates were detected in vagina, bladder, ureter, and renal pelvis epithelium and in collecting duct and tubular cells. A pilus receptor compound also was detected in urine. It competitively inhibited the binding capacity of MS pili and was found to be physically, chemically, and immunologically related to Tamm-Horsfall uromucoid. Infectivity and invasiveness were quantitatively and histologically characterized for four E. coli strains: J96, a human pyelonephritis strain that expresses both MS and Gal-Gal pili; two recombinant strains prepared from J96 chromosomal DNA encoding MS pili or Gal-Gal pili; and the nonpiliated K12 recipient. Intravesicular administration of J96 (10(6) colony-forming units [CFU]) resulted in renal colonization and invasion in each of nine mice. The Gal-Gal clone (10(6) CFU) colonized the kidneys in each of 10 mice but did not invade. In contrast, the MS clone (10(6) CFU) did not colonize renal epithelium or invade. This effect was superceded when larger doses (greater than or equal to 10(10) CFU) of the MS clone were administered in volumes that cause acute vesicoureteric reflux. The efficacy was determined of vaccines composed of pure MS or Gal-Gal pili or the lipopolysaccharide containing O somatic antigen of the challenge strain, J96. The Gal-Gal pilus vaccine blocked renal colonization in 19 of 22 mice and renal invasion in 10 of 11 mice. Gal-Gal pili may be useful immunogens for the prevention of pyelonephritis in anatomically normal urinary tracts.
Characterizing the tunable refractive index of vanadium dioxide (2017)

Vanadium dioxide undergoes a reversible metal-insulator phase change near 68°C. This transition is often recognized for its electronic properties; however, the concomitant change in optical properties is also attractive. One application is to exploit the optical properties within this transition region to control and tune the refractive index between its insulating and metallic states. To achieve this, we used atomic layer deposition to grow high-quality, low-temperature (≤150°C), ultrathin films of vanadium dioxide on sapphire substrates. Measurements of optical transmittance and reflectance as a function of temperature are then used to create wavelength and temperature dependent models of the complex optical refractive index. Our models create a foundation for developing vanadium dioxide as a tunable refractive index material.
LAT1‐specific inhibitor is effective against T cell‐mediated allergic skin inflammation (2019)

Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Targeted Minimum Loss Based Estimation Based on Directly Solving the Efficient Influence Curve Equation (2011)

Applying targeted maximum likelihood estimation to longitudinal data can be computationally intensive. As the number of time points and/or number of intermediate factors grows, the computation resources consumed by these algorithms likewise increases. Different TMLE algorithms have different computational speeds and implementation challenges; there may also be efficiency differences of the corresponding estimators. The algorithm we describe here proceeds by solving the empirical efficient influence curve equation directly using numerical computation methods, rather than indirectly (by solving a score equation), which is the usual route. We believe that this estimator is the simplest of the TMLE procedures to implement in the longitudinal data structure simulated here, which mimics a sequential randomized controlled trial with dynamic treatment rules. Our choice of numerical methods is the well-known secant method for finding the root of a function. The resulting estimation algorithm has computational speed approximately equal to one of the two existing TMLE algorithms for the data generating distributions considered here.
Measurement of the CP violating phase ϕs in B¯s0→J/ψf0(980) (2012)

Measurement of mixing-induced CP violation in B¯s0 decays is of prime importance in probing new physics. So far only the channel B¯s0→J/ψϕ has been used. Here we report on a measurement using an LHCb data sample of 0.41 fb−1, in the CP odd eigenstate J/ψf0(980), where f0(980)→π+π−. A time-dependent fit of the data with the B¯s0 lifetime and the difference in widths of the heavy and light eigenstates constrained to the values obtained from B¯s0→J/ψϕ yields a value of the CP violating phase of −0.44±0.44±0.02 rad, consistent with the Standard Model expectation.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Genome-Wide Somatic Copy Number Alterations in Low-Grade PanINs and IPMNs from Individuals with a Family History of Pancreatic Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 207KB, Supplemental Figure 2. High resolution melt-curve analysis (left panels) and pyrosequencing (right panels) data. A-B) mutant KRAS (G12V) from case 308 (PanIN-1 lesion). C-D) mutant KRAS (G12D) case 804 (PanIN-1 lesion). E-F) Wild type KRAS from cases 506 (IPMN with low-grade dysplasia). G-H) Wild-type KRAS control, SKMB cell line.&lt;/p&gt;
Therapeutic Potential of Peptides Derived from Animal Venoms: Current Views and Emerging Drugs for Diabetes (2021)

The therapeutic potential of venom-derived drugs is evident today. Currently, several significant drugs are FDA approved for human use that descend directly from animal venom products, with others having undergone, or progressing through, clinical trials. In addition, there is growing awareness of the important cosmeceutical application of venom-derived products. The success of venom-derived compounds is linked to their increased bioactivity, specificity and stability when compared to synthetically engineered compounds. This review highlights advancements in venom-derived compounds for the treatment of diabetes and related disorders. Exendin-4, originating from the saliva of Gila monster lizard, represents proof-of-concept for this drug discovery pathway in diabetes. More recent evidence emphasises the potential of venom-derived compounds from bees, cone snails, sea anemones, scorpions, snakes and spiders to effectively manage glycaemic control. Such compounds could represent exciting exploitable scaffolds for future drug discovery in diabetes, as well as providing tools to allow for a better understanding of cell signalling pathways linked to insulin secretion and metabolism.
ChemInform Abstract: Readily Available (S)‐Proline‐Derived Organocatalysts for the Lewis Acid‐Mediated Lewis Base‐Catalyzed Stereoselective Aldol Reactions of Activated Thioesters. (2013)

Abstract The bisphosphine oxide catalyst PPO is optimal as catalyst in aldol reactions of thioesters (I) with aromatic aldehydes.