gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transdermal Micro-Implantable Metabolite Sensor with Optical Communication (2014)

Early warning of impending shock, organ failure, and hypoperfusion are critical to implementing an effective treatment approach in emergency medicine. However, vital signs often do not change until a patient is already in critical condition, and it is too late to intervene effectively. Blood lactate levels have been suggested as a more sensitive parameter for measuring a patient's condition, because lactate levels change early during life-threatening situations such as hemorrhagic shock and sepsis. In fact, frequent serial measurements of lactate over the course of treatment that guide a goal-directed therapy have been shown to decrease mortality rates significantly. Unfortunately, lactate guided treatment is rarely practiced due to the logistical burden of taking serial measurements using point-of-care devices or as part of a lab panel. To address this unmet need, a microchip device to continuously monitor lactate for the duration of inpatient care has been developed. It was found that the microchip could be made such that it is implanted just under the skin surface and an optical probe is used to measure the reported response on the skin surface by passing and receiving light through skin. The microchip responds to changes in lactate concentration by utilizing an enzyme with high specificity and selectivity for lactate. A molecule that reports the enzyme-mediated response is embedded in the microchip. Manufacturing techniques have been developed to reproduce the microchips effectively, and the chips have been tested for use and accuracy in rabbit models of cyanide poisoning, where lactate levels change rapidly. The microchip platform has the ability to be loaded with alternate chemistries for detecting other bio-analytes, such as glucose, oxygen, CO2, pH, etc. An optical probe suitable for passing light through skin and receiving the microchip light emission for use in animal studies was created along with software to analyze the emission signals. When calibrations of implanted chip response to lactate were compared to gold-standard blood lactate measurements across the physiological and pathological range in 12 separate models of cyanide poisoning in rabbits the average error was 11%.
Serological testing for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies of employees shows low transmission working in a cancer center (2022)

SARS-CoV-2 antibody positivity remained less than 10% at a single comprehensive cancer center prior to vaccination and there is evidence of waning IgG titers over time after vaccination.
Intra-Abdominal Insular Thyroid Carcinoma Metastasis (2009)

As this patient demonstrates, a rational but aggressive surgical approach is warranted for patients with radioiodine-resistant metastatic thyroid disease.
Sex Hormones and the Nervous System (2008)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Crop Production in an Extraterrestrial (Controlled-Environment, Microgravity) Environment (2005)

Human space exploration missions require life support systems to sustain the crew. Plants help regulate the earth’s atmospheric and terrestrial environment; similarly, plants could be used in a closed system in space: cleaning carbon dioxide from the air, breaking down liquid and solid wastes, and producing fresh food. Advanced Life Support systems would use plants as part of a bioregenerative system. For space flight applications, the systems must be low in mass and energy consumption, and must be designed for reduced gravity operations. Four areas of research are reviewed in this article related to ALS system design, crop physiology and biology. The Water Offset Nutrient Delivery ExpeRiment (WONDER) will be conducted on the Space Shuttle to evaluate gravity-independent hydroponic systems and optimum water content targets for microgravity crop production. The Photosynthesis Experiment and System Testing and Operation (PESTO) project studied the photosynthesis rates and physiological responses of crops germinated and grown in microgravity. A project to study crop production systems in closed, controlled environments for multiple crops in the same root and aerial environment (International Space Station baseline conditions) is described. Finally, efficient light emitting diode (LED) lighting is being studied to determine plant photobiological responses to different light qualities.
Resource Management in Solar Powered Wireless Mesh Networks (2010)

Wireless mesh networks are now being used to deploy radio coverage in a large variety of outdoor applications. One of the major obstacles that these networks face is that of providing the nodes with electrical power and wired network connections. Solar powered mesh nodes are increasingly used to eliminate the need for these types of connections, making the nodes truly tether-less. In these types of networks however, the cost of the energy collection and storage components can be a significant fraction of the total node cost, which motivates a careful selection of these resources. This thesis focusses on key issues relating to the deployment and operation of solar powered wireless mesh networks. First, the problem of provisioning the mesh nodes with a suitable solar panel and battery configuration is considered. This is done by assuming a bandwidth usage profile and using historical solar insolation data for the desired deployment location. A resource provisioning algorithm is proposed based on the use of temporal shortest-path routing and taking into account the node energy-flow for the target deployment time period. A methodology is introduced which uses a genetic algorithm (GA) to incorporate energy-aware routing into the resource assignment procedure. Results show that the proposed resource provisioning algorithm can achieve large cost savings when compared to conventional provisioning methods. During post-deployment network operation, the actual bandwidth profile and solar insolation may be different than that for which the nodes were originally provisioned. To prevent node outage, the network must reduce its workload by flow controlling its input traffic. The problem of admitting network bandwidth flows in a fair manner is also studied. A bound is first formulated which achieves the best max/min fair flow control subject to eliminating node outage. The bound motivates a proposed causal flow control algorithm whose operation uses prediction based on access to on-line historical weather data. The results show that the proposed algorithm performs well when compared to the analytic bound that is derived for this problem. Finally, as user traffic evolves, the network resources need to be updated. This problem is considered using a minimum cost upgrade objective. A mixed integer linear programming (MILP) formulation is derived to obtain a lower bound on the network update cost. A genetic algorithm is used to determine practical cost-effective network resource upgrading. The results show that the proposed methodology can obtain significant cost savings.
29.1 A 64Gb/s 1.4pJ/b NRZ optical-receiver data-path in 14nm CMOS FinFET (2017)

The rapid increase of bandwidth requirements between processors in high-end servers motivates the integration of optical interconnects on the first-level processor package [1]. In this perspective, additional bandwidth density can be achieved by integrating optical transceivers directly into the processor die. Optically enabled CPUs can provide energy-efficient, low-latency interconnects over long distances (>10m) in future data-centers. Integrated photonic interconnect technology will require sensitive and low-power receiver (RX) circuits that operate at high data rates.
Elastomeric Polymer Multilayer Thin Film with Sustainable Gas Barrier at High Strain (2015)

Most gas barrier thin films suffer from cracking or plastic deformation when stretched, leading to significant loss of barrier. In an effort to make a stretchable gas barrier, which maintains low permeability when exposed to cyclic strain, we prepared layer-by-layer assemblies of tannic acid (TA) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO). A 40-bilayer (344 nm-thick) TA/PEO assembly maintained its oxygen transmission rate (6X lower than the 1.6 mm-thick rubber substrate) after being stretched 100%. This submicron coating maintains a barrier 4X lower than the thick rubber substrate even after being strained 20X at 100%. These highly elastomeric assemblies are potentially useful for light-weighting inflatable devices.
Extracellular DNA is abundant and important for microcolony strength in mixed microbial biofilms (2010)

A new approach for quantification of extracellular DNA (eDNA) in mixed biofilms at microscale resolution was developed and combined with other staining techniques to assess the origin, abundance and role of eDNA in activated sludge biofilms. Most eDNA was found in close proximity to living cells in microcolonies, suggesting that most of it originated from an active secretion or alternatively, by lysis of a sub-population of cells. When the staining was combined with fluorescence in situ hybridization for identification of the microorganisms, it was found that the eDNA content varied among the different probe-defined species. The highest amount of eDNA was found in and around the microcolonies of denitrifiers belonging to the genera Curvibacter and Thauera, the ammonium-oxidizing Nitrosomonas and the nitrite-oxidizing Nitrospira. Other floc-formers also produced eDNA, although in lower amounts. The total eDNA content in activated sludge varied from 4 to 52 mg per gram volatile suspended solids in different wastewater treatment plants. Very high local concentrations within some microcolonies were found with up to approximately 300 mg of eDNA per g of organic matter. DNase digestion of activated sludge led to general floc disintegration and disruption of the microcolonies with high eDNA content, implying that eDNA was an important structural component in activated sludge biofilms.
Commentary: Congress of Neurological Surgeons Systematic Review and Evidence-Based Guidelines for Deep Brain Stimulations for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Update of the 2014 Guidelines (2021)

Commentary: Congress of Neurological Surgeons Systematic Review and Evidence-Based Guidelines for Deep Brain Stimulations for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Update of the 2014 Guidelines Ali R Rezai, MD, Ali R Rezai, MD Department of Neurosurgery, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA Correspondence: Ali R. Rezai, MD, Department of Neurosurgery, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, 33 Medical Center Dr, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA.Email: ali.rezai@hsc.wvu.edu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Manish Ranjan, MCh, Manish Ranjan, MCh Department of Neurosurgery, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3338-8676 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Martijn Figee, MD, PhD, Martijn Figee, MD, PhD Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USACenter for Neuromodulation/Center for Advanced Circuit Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Brian Harris Kopell, MD Brian Harris Kopell, MD Center for Neuromodulation/Center for Advanced Circuit Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USADepartment of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Neurosurgery, Volume 88, Issue 6, June 2021, Pages E554–E555, https://doi.org/10.1093/neuros/nyab078 Published: 17 March 2021 Article history Received: 27 December 2020 Accepted: 20 January 2021 Published: 17 March 2021
Performance Tuning of Streaming Applications via Search-space Decomposition (2010)

High-performance streaming applications are typically pipelined and deployed on architecturally diverse (hybrid)systems. Developers of such applications are interested in customizing components used, so as to benefit application performance. We present an efficient and automatic technique for design-space exploration of applications in this problem domain. We solve performance tuning as an optimization problem by formulating cost functions using results from queueing theory. This results in a mixed-integer nonlinear optimization problem which is NP-hard. We reduce the search complexity by decomposing the search space. We have developed a domain-specific decomposition technique using topological information of the application embodied in the queueing network models. Our analysis includes when our decomposition preserves optimality. Our preliminary empirical results confirm two-fold benefits--solving a problem that is currently not solvable using state-of-the-art solvers and in some problem instances, improving initial solution value from the solver by over two orders of magnitude.
A perspective on high-frequency ultrasound for medical applications (2010)

High-frequency ultrasound (HFU, > 15 MHz) is a rapidly developing field. HFU is currently used and investigated for ophthalmologic, dermatologic, intravascular, and small-animal imaging. HFU offers a non-invasive means to investigate tissue at the microscopic level with resolutions often better than 100 μm. However, fine resolution is only obtained over the limited depth-of-field (~1 mm) of single-element spherically-focused transducers typically used for HFU applications. Another limitation is penetration depth because most biological tissues have large attenuation at high frequencies. In this study, two 5-element annular arrays with center frequencies of 17 and 34 MHz were fabricated and methods were developed to obtain images with increased penetration depth and depth-of-field. These methods were used in ophthalmologic and small-animal imaging studies. Improved blood sensitivity was obtained when a phantom mimicking a vitreous hemorrhage was imaged. Central-nervous systems of 12.5-day-old mouse embryos were imaged <i>in utero</i> and in three dimensions for the first time.
A Design Concept of Grid-loaded Step Reflector Antenna with Coaxial-Mode Excitation (2021)

A reflector antenna excited by TM01 circular waveguide mode is being studied. A reflector antenna with steps was proposed. Since this antenna cancels out half of the polarized components, the polarization loss increases, theoretically by 3dB. Therefore, we propose a desgin to improve the gain by loading a metal grid on the reflector surface, as compared to the conventional antenna design.
Crystal growth control of rod-shaped ε-Fe2O3 nanocrystals (2020)

Herein we report crystal growth control of rod-shaped ε-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanocrystals by developing a synthesis based on the sol-gel technique using β-FeO(OH) as a seed in the presence of a barium cation. ε-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanocrystals are obtained over a wide calcination temperature range between 800 °C and 1000 °C. A low calcination temperature (800 °C) provides an almost cubic rectangular-shaped ε-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanocrystal with an aspect ratio of 1.4, whereas a high calcination temperature (1000 °C) provides an elongated rod-shaped ε-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanocrystal with an aspect ratio of 3.3. Such systematic anisotropic growth of ε-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> is achieved due to the wide calcination temperature in the presence of barium cations. The surface energy and the anisotropic adsorption of barium on the surface of ε-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> can explain the anisotropic crystal growth of rod-shaped ε-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> along the crystallographic <i>a</i>-axis. The present work may provide important knowledge about how to control the anisotropic crystal shape of nanomaterials.
Composite Polymer Core–Silica Shell Abrasives: The Effect of the Shape of the Silica Particles on Oxide CMP (2008)

We use oxide chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) as a convenient test vehicle for comparing the material removal rate and defectivity induced by different silica abrasives. The effect of particle shape is investigated by comparing fumed and colloidal silica. In particular, the effect of a polymer core on the behavior of a composite abrasive is explored. Overall, fewer and shallower scratches are detected for the composites with a colloidal silica shell as compared with colloidal silica, as well as composites with a fumed silica shell. It is difficult to control the shape and dimension of the fumed silica and fumed silica-based composite agglomerates. Both the length and depth of microscratches increase with particle size and irregularity. Under the same pH conditions, fumed silica and fumed silica-coated abrasives lead to a comparable scratch depth. Fumed silica exhibits agglomerates of greater hardness but higher overall particle stability with respect to its composites, which show lower hardness and lower overall particle stability.
Thermoelectric module for high temperature application (2017)

This work has investigated a Bi <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> Te <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> based thermoelectric module for higher temperatures. An analytical model coupling the electrical, thermal and thermoelectrical domains is presented. A corresponding finite element model was developed incorporating the Seebeck, Peltier, Thompson, and Joule effects. Both models were compared with experimental results performed on a commercially available device. A comparison with a CoSb <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> based module is also presented. The results from this study have confirmed that modern Bi <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> Te <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> based thermoelectric modules have the potential to be used at temperatures up to 300 °C for electrical power generation, but they will be outperformed by CoSb <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> -based modules at around 350 °C.
Epstein-Barr Virus Promotes the Production of Inflammatory Cytokines in Gingival Fibroblasts and RANKL-Induced Osteoclast Differentiation in RAW264.7 Cells (2022)

Periodontitis is an inflammatory condition that causes the destruction of the supporting tissues of teeth and is a major public health problem affecting more than half of the adult population worldwide. Recently, members of the herpes virus family, such as the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), have been suggested to be involved in the etiology of periodontitis because bacterial activity alone does not adequately explain the clinical characteristics of periodontitis. However, the role of EBV in the etiology of periodontitis is unknown. This study aimed to examine the effect of inactivated EBV on the expression of inflammatory cytokines in human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) and the induction of osteoclast differentiation. We found that extremely high levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 were induced by inactivated EBV in a copy-dependent manner in HGFs. The levels of IL-6 and IL-8 in HGFs were higher when the cells were treated with EBV than when treated with lipopolysaccharide and lipoteichoic acid. EBV induced IκBα degradation, NF-κB transcription, and RAW264.7 cell differentiation into osteoclast-like cells. These findings suggest that even without infecting the cells, EBV contributes to inflammatory cytokine production and osteoclast differentiation by contact with oral cells or macrophage lineage, resulting in periodontitis onset and progression.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of Multinuclear Manganese‐Containing Tungstosilicates. (2014)

Abstract The Keggin‐based tungstosilicates containing the anions [Mn II 3 (OH) 3 (H 2 O) 3 (A‐α‐SiW 9 O 34 )] 7‐ (IV), [Mn III 3 (OH) 3 (H 2 O) 3 (A‐α‐SiW 9 O 34 )] 4‐ (VIII), [Mn III 3 (OH) 3 (H 2 O) 3 (A‐β‐SiW 9 O 34 )] 4‐ (X), [Mn III 3 Mn IV O 3 (OAc) 3 (A‐α‐SiW 9 O 34 )] 6‐ (XI), and [Mn III 3 Mn IV O 3 (OAc) 3 (A‐β‐SiW 9 O 34 )] 6‐ (XII) are characterized by single crystal XRD, IR spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis.
A Deep Learning Approach to Predict Diabetes’ Cardiovascular Complications From Administrative Claims (2021)

People with diabetes require lifelong access to healthcare services to delay the onset of complications. Their disease management processes generate great volumes of data across several domains, from clinical to administrative. Difficulties in accessing and processing these data hinder their secondary use in an institutional setting, even for highly desirable applications, such as the prediction of cardiovascular disease, the main driver of excess mortality in diabetes. Hence, in the present work, we propose a deep learning model for the prediction of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), developed and validated using the administrative claims of 214,676 diabetic patients of the Veneto region, in North East Italy. Specifically, we use a year of pharmacy and hospitalisation claims, together with basic patient's information, to predict the 4P-MACE composite endpoint, i.e., the first occurrence of death, heart failure, myocardial infarction, or stroke, with a variable prediction horizon of 1 to 5 years. Adapting to the time-to-event nature of this task, we cast our problem as a multi-outcome (4P-MACE and components), multi-label (1 to 5 years) classification task with a custom loss to account for the effect of censoring. Our model, purposefully specified to minimise data preparation costs, exhibits satisfactory performance in predicting 4P-MACE at all prediction horizons: AUROC from 0.812 (C.I.: 0.797 - 0.827) to 0.792 (C.I.: 0.781 - 0.802); C-index from 0.802 (C.I.: 0.788 - 0.816) to 0.770 (C.I.: 0.761 - 0.779). Components' prediction performance is also adequate, ranging from death's 0.877 1-year AUROC to stroke's 0.689 5-year AUROC.