gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel promiscuous HLA-DQ HIV Nef peptide that induces IFN-γ-producing memory CD4+T cells (2002)

We describe the highly conserved sequence 56-68 of the HIV Nef protein as the first promiscuous HLA-DQ HIV-derived peptide. The Nef peptide exhibits an albeit rare capacity to bind 6 different HLA-DQ molecules whereas no binding is observed with the 10 HLA-DR molecules tested. In agreement with these data, after immunization with the Nef peptide, HLA-DQ transgenic Abeta degrees mice display a vigorous cellular and humoral response while the specific immune response of HLA-DR expressing mice is minimal. The promiscuous potentiality of the Nef 56-68 peptide in humans has been confirmed by ex vivo immunization experiments with CD4+ T cells from 14 healthy donors expressing different HLA genotypes. Nef 56-68 specific CD4+ T cells rapidly acquire a memory cell phenotype and are characterized by the preferential usage of the TCR Vbeta 6.1 gene segment and predominant production of IFN-gamma. Taken together, these data indicate that the Nef 56-68 peptide constitutes an attractive component of vaccines aiming at inducing or enhancing HIV-specific T cell immunity.
Adaptations of Avian Flu Virus Are a Cause for Concern (2012)

Members of the National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity explain its recommendations on the communication of experimental work on H5N1 influenza.
METROPOLE-3D: An Efficient and Rigorous 3D Photolithography Simulator (1999)

this paper isorz&amp;apos;jBX3 as follows. After abrB&amp;apos; descrjjqq5 ofour simulation methodology in Sect. 2, weprFXz t modeling rling3 in Sect. 3, followed by a conclusion in Sect. 4.
Stability ofC60fullerite intercalation compounds (1993)

We construct a thermodynamic Born-Haber cycle to predict formation energies of donor- and acceptor-based ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ fullerite intercalation compounds with different stoichiometries. Energies associated with the individual steps in the cycle contain important related information such as the lattice constant, bulk modulus, and phonon spectra of the compounds. Our results indicate that alkali and alkaline-earth intercalated fullerite compounds are most stable.
Optimal Placement for River Routing (1983)

Programs for integrated circuit layout typically have two phases; placement and routing. The router tries to produce as efficient a layout as possible, but of course the quality of the routing depends heavily on the quality of the placement. On the other hand, the placement procedure ideally should know the impact of its placement decisions on the quality of a routing. In this paper, we present a placement-and-routing problem for which there is perfect interaction between the two phases. The algorithms for this commonly arising problem are fast, simple and optimal. River routing is the problem of connecting in order a set of terminals $a_1 , \cdots ,a_n $ on a line to another set $b_1 , \cdots ,b_n $ across a rectangular channel. The terminals are located on modules which must be placed relative to one another before routing. This placement-and-routing problem arises frequently in design systems like bristle-blocks where stretch lines through a module can effectively break it into several chunks, each of which may be placed separately. In this paper we give concise necessary and sufficient conditions for wirability which are applied to reduce the optimal placement problem to the graph-theoretic single-source-longest-paths problem. For rectilinear wiring, the special structure of graphs that arise allows an optimal solution to be determined quickly.
SepicNet: Sharp Edges Recovery by Parametric Inference of Curves in 3D Shapes (2023)

3D scanning as a technique to digitize objects in reality and create their 3D models, is used in many fields and areas. Though the quality of 3D scans depends on the technical characteristics of the 3D scanner, the common drawback is the smoothing of fine details, or the edges of an object. We introduce SepicNet, a novel deep network for the detection and parametrization of sharp edges in 3D shapes as primitive curves. To make the network end-to-end trainable, we formulate the curve fitting in a differentiable manner. We develop an adaptive point cloud sampling technique that captures the sharp features better than uniform sampling. The experiments were conducted on a newly introduced large-scale dataset of 50k 3D scans, where the sharp edge annotations were extracted from their parametric CAD models, and demonstrate significant improvement over state-of-the-art methods.
157 nm Lithography for 70 nm Technology Node (2002)

For sub-70 nm semiconductor devices, 157 nm lithography with a F2 laser is one of the most promising technologies. Many efforts to improve each critical component of 157 nm lithography, such as the exposure tool, resist material, resist processing and mask materials, have been reported. In order to realize sub-70 nm semiconductor devices, not only the development of each technology but also lithography process integration is very important. Also, the time line for establishing a total system of 157 nm lithography becomes more critical. In previous studies, we investigated each key component of 157 nm lithography, such as the resist materials, resist processing, mask material and exposure tool. In this paper, we describe the recent progress in 157 nm lithography, including the single-layer resist materials, surface imaging resist, resist processing, microstepper, and mask materials. As a result, several candidates for realizing 70 nm-node devices were obtained.
Fast Garbling of Circuits Under Standard Assumptions (2015)

Protocols for secure computation enable mutually distrustful parties to jointly compute on their private inputs without revealing anything but the result. Over recent years, secure computation has become practical and considerable effort has been made to make it more and more efficient. A highly important tool in the design of two-party protocols is Yao's garbled circuit construction (Yao 1986), and multiple optimizations on this primitive have led to performance improvements of orders of magnitude over the last years. However, many of these improvements come at the price of making very strong assumptions on the underlying cryptographic primitives being used (e.g., that AES is secure for related keys, that it is circular secure, and even that it behaves like a random permutation when keyed with a public fixed key). The justification behind making these strong assumptions has been that otherwise it is not possible to achieve fast garbling and thus fast secure computation. In this paper, we take a step back and examine whether it is really the case that such strong assumptions are needed. We provide new methods for garbling that are secure solely under the assumption that the primitive used (e.g., AES) is a pseudorandom function. Our results show that in many cases, the penalty incurred is not significant, and so a more conservative approach to the assumptions being used can be adopted.
The Laval University Screening Trial Results (2001)

It is clear that if prostate cancer is not treated at a localized stage, this cancer will remain the second cause of cancer death in men (1). In fact, it was predicted that 37,800 men would die from prostate cancer in the United States in 1999, whereas 43,700 or only 15.6% more deaths were estimated for breast cancer during the same time period. At the present rate, it is estimated that prostate cancer will kill more than 3 million men among the male population currently living in the United States. Thus, prostate cancer is a major medical and social problem in urgent need of a significant improvement in diagnosis and treatment.
Multiplexable high-temperature stable and low-loss intrinsic Fabry-Perot in-fiber sensors through nanograting engineering (2020)

This paper presents a method of using femtosecond laser inscribed nanograting as low-loss- and high-temperature-stable in-fiber reflectors. By introducing a pair of nanograting inside the core of a single-mode optical fiber, an intrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometer can be created for high-temperature sensing applications. The morphology of the nanograting inscribed in fiber cores was engineered by tuning the fabrication conditions to achieve a high fringe visibility of 0.49 and low insertion loss of 0.002 dB per sensor. Using a white light interferometry demodulation algorithm, we demonstrate the temperature sensitivity, cross-talk, and spatial multiplexability of sensor arrays. Both the sensor performance and stability were studied from room temperature to 1000°C with cyclic heating and cooling. Our results demonstrate a femtosecond direct laser writing technique capable of producing highly multiplexable in-fiber intrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometer sensor devices with high fringe contrast, high sensitivity, and low-loss for application in harsh environmental conditions.
Regulation of platelet-derived growth factor gene expression by transforming growth factor beta and phorbol ester in human leukemia cell lines. (1987)

We studied the expression of the genes encoding the A and B chains of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) in a number of human leukemia cell lines. Steady-state expression of the A-chain RNA was seen only in the promonocytic leukemia cell line U937 and in the T-cell leukemia cell line MOLT-4. It has previously been reported that both PDGF A and PDGF B genes are induced during megakaryoblastic differentiation of the K562 erythroleukemia cells and transiently during monocytic differentiation of the promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL-60 and U937 cells. In this study we show that PDGF A RNA expression was induced in HL-60 and Jurkat T-cell leukemia cells and increased in U937 and MOLT-4 cells after a 1- to 2-h stimulation with an 8 pM concentration of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta). PDGF A RNA remained at a constant, elevated level for at least 24 h in U937 cells, but returned to undetectable levels within 12 h in HL-60 cells. No PDGF A expression was induced by TGF-beta in K562 cells or in lung carcinoma cells (A549). Interestingly, essentially no PDGF B-chain (c-sis proto-oncogene) RNA was expressed simultaneously with PDGF A. In the presence of TGF-beta and protein synthesis inhibitors, PDGF A RNA was superinduced at least 20-fold in the U937 and HL-60 cells. PDGF A expression was accompanied by secretion of immunoprecipitable PDGF to the culture medium of HL-60 and U937 cells. The phorbol ester tumor promoter tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate also increased PDGF A expression with similar kinetics, but with a mechanism distinct from that of TGF-beta. These results suggest a role for TGF-beta in the differential regulation of expression of the PDGF genes.
High frequency Lamb wave device composed of LiNbO<inf>3</inf> thin film (2008)

The Lamb wave type of high frequency resonator was proposed. But any Lamb wave resonator operating really above 3 GHz, which is difficult to be realized with conventional surface acoustic wave (SAW), have been not reported. Authors have tried to realize the high frequency device by using A <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> mode of Lamb wave propagating in the X-axis direction on Z-cut thin LiNbO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> film deposited by chemical vapor deposition system (CVD) having high velocity and high electromechanical coupling factor. As the result, authors have realized a 4.5 GHz high frequency Lamb wave resonator with high velocity of 14,000 m/s, large impedance ratio of 52 dB, and wide bandwidth of 7.2 % composed of thin LiNbO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> epitaxial film/air-gap/substrate for the first time. Also it is found that the thin LiNbO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> film is twined crystal. It is confirmed theoretically and experimentally that the spurious responses such as SH <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> mode can not be excited because of twined crystal effect.
Smartphone Background Activities in the Wild (2015)

As new iterations of more powerful and better connected smartphones emerge, their limited battery life remains a leading factor adversely affecting the mobile experience of millions of smartphone users. While it is well-known that many apps can drain battery even while running in background, there has not been any study that quantifies the extent and severity of such background energy drain for users in the wild. To extend battery life, various new features are being incorporated within the phone, one of them being preventing applications from running in background, i.e., when the screen is off, but their impact is largely unknown. This paper makes several contributions. First, we present a large-scale measurement study that performs an in-depth analysis of the activities of various apps running in background on thousands of phones in the wild. Second, we quantify the amount of battery drain by all such background activities and possible energy saving. Third, we develop a metric to measure the usefulness of background activities that is personalized to each user. Finally, we present a system called HUSH (screen-off optimizer) that monitors the metric online and automatically identifies and suppresses background activities during screen-off periods that are not useful to the user experience. In doing so, our proposed HUSH saves screen-off energy of smartphones by 15.7% on average while incurring minimal impact on the user experience with the apps.
Measurements of the transport gap in semiconducting multiwalled carbon nanotubes with varying diameter and length (2015)

Low temperature transport in multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) has been studied at different diameters and lengths, within $2\text{--}10\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$, and $0.3\text{--}3.5\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$, respectively. In a majority of the samples, semiconductivity showed up as a transport gap in the gate voltage controlled conduction, but metallic MWNTs are found in all diameters. The transport gap is seen to be quantitatively determined by a diameter dependent band gap, and length dependent localization of charge carriers. The band gap of semiconducting MWNTs is estimated to be smaller than that extrapolated from the conventional expression applicable to semiconducting single wall carbon nanotubes. The results constitute a systematical study on size dependent transport and especially of semiconductivity in MWNTs.
Sagnac effect in rotating photonic crystal micro-cavities and miniature optical gyroscopes (2006)

Rotating crystals that contain a circular path of slow-light structure (e.g. CROW) are studied using tight-binding theory. Novel manifestations of the Sagnac effect in non-degenerate and degenerate modes are explored. Miniature optical gyroscopes are discussed.
Utilizing Synthetic Data for VV&C of Machine Learning Applications (2022)

Machine Learning (ML) offers a revolutionary method to build algorithms from data. This data-driven methodology has proven to be very effective in progressing fields ranging from natural language processing to autonomy. Simultaneously, the technique has also opened significant challenges in system validation with important issues when used in safety-critical systems. If data forms function, how does one know the generated function is safe? Further, fundamental to the ML approach is the availability of vast amounts of data for training a ML model. For a variety of important applications, the availability of data is challenging.In this paper, we propose a unique computational paradigm which combines the inherent advantages of ML with algorithmic transformational methods. Using this technique, one can generate a large amount of synthetic data which preserve the "signature" of the original dataset while building variations that aid the ML training process. Further, the nature of the algorithmic transformations offers insights into the validation and verification (V&#x0026;V) scenario generation process. An example is provided of the methodology exercised in a maintenance application for the infrastructure delivering the safety critical Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) services in the United States (US).
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Neuronal Biomarkers across the Spectrum of HIV Infection: Hierarchy of Injury and Detection (2014)

The character of central nervous system (CNS) HIV infection and its effects on neuronal integrity vary with evolving systemic infection. Using a cross-sectional design and archived samples, we compared concentrations of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) neuronal biomarkers in 143 samples from 8 HIV-infected subject groups representing a spectrum of untreated systemic HIV progression and viral suppression: primary infection; four groups of chronic HIV infection neuroasymptomatic (NA) subjects defined by blood CD4+ T cells of >350, 200-349, 50-199, and <50 cells/µL; HAD; treatment-induced viral suppression; and 'elite' controllers. Samples from 20 HIV-uninfected controls were also examined. The neuronal biomarkers included neurofilament light chain protein (NFL), total and phosphorylated tau (t-tau, p-tau), soluble amyloid precursor proteins alpha and beta (sAPPα, sAPPβ) and amyloid beta (Aβ) fragments 1-42, 1-40 and 1-38. Comparison of the biomarker changes showed a hierarchy of sensitivity in detection and suggested evolving mechanisms with progressive injury. NFL was the most sensitive neuronal biomarker. Its CSF concentration exceeded age-adjusted norms in all HAD patients, 75% of NA CD4<50, 40% of NA CD4 50-199, and 42% of primary infection, indicating common neuronal injury with untreated systemic HIV disease progression as well as transiently during early infection. By contrast, only 75% of HAD subjects had abnormal CSF t-tau levels, and there were no significant differences in t-tau levels among the remaining groups. sAPPα and β were also abnormal (decreased) in HAD, showed less marked change than NFL with CD4 decline in the absence of HAD, and were not decreased in PHI. The CSF Aβ peptides and p-tau concentrations did not differ among the groups, distinguishing the HIV CNS injury profile from Alzheimer's disease. These CSF biomarkers can serve as useful tools in selected research and clinical settings for patient classification, pathogenetic analysis, diagnosis and management.
Tackling Similarity Search for Soccer Match Analysis: Multimodal Distance Measure and Interactive Query Definition (2019)

Analysts and coaches in soccer sports need to investigate large sets of past matches of opposing teams in a short time to prepare their teams for upcoming matches. Thus, they need appropriate methods and systems supporting them in searching for soccer moves for comparison and explanation. For the search of similar soccer moves, established distance and similarity measures typically only take spatiotemporal features like shape and speed of movement into account. However, movement in invasive team sports such as soccer includes much more than just a sequence of spatial locations. We propose an enhanced similarity measure integrating spatial, player, event as well as high level context such as pressure into the process of similarity search. We present a visual search system supporting analysts in interactively identifying similar contextual enhanced soccer moves in a dataset containing more than 60 soccer matches. Our approach is evaluated by several expert studies. The results of the evaluation reveal the large potential of enhanced similarity measures in the future.
Progress toward the prevention and treatment of atrial fibrillation: A summary of the Heart Rhythm Society Research Forum on the Treatment and Prevention of Atrial Fibrillation, Washington, DC, December 9-10, 2013. (2015)

The Heart Rhythm Society convened a research symposium on December 9–10, 2013, in Washington, DC, that focused on the prevention of atrial fibrillation (AF) as well as AF-related stroke and morbidity. Attendees sought to summarize advances in understanding AF since a 2008 National Institutes of Health (NIH) conference on this topic1 and to identify continued knowledge gaps and current research priorities. The research symposium also sought to identify key deficiencies and opportunities in research infrastructure, operations, and methodologies. The committee sought to identify both basic research targets and how clinical AF research could be improved in the current health care environment. This whitepaper summarizes our deliberations in an effort to accelerate progress toward preventing AF and its consequences. Although largely focused on primary prevention of AF, the paper also addresses some aspects of secondary prevention of recurrent AF due to the continuum of risk factors that contribute to arrhythmogenesis, permissive left atrial (LA) substrates, and the emergence of AF.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Bromination of Pyrido(2,3‐c)(1,2,6)thiadiazine 2,2‐Dioxides. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A fully parallel vector-quantization processor for real-time motion-picture compression (1999)

A vector-quantization (VQ) processor system has been developed aiming at real-time compression of motion pictures using a 0.6-/spl mu/m triple-metal CMOS technology. The chip employs a fully parallel single-instruction, multiple-data architecture having a two-stage pipeline. Each pipeline segment consists of 19 cycles, thus enabling the execution of a single VQ operation in only 19 clock cycles. As a result, it has become possible to encode a full-color picture of 640/spl times/480 pixels in less than 33 ms, i.e., the real-time compression of moving pictures has become available. The chip is scalable up to eight-chip master-slave configuration in conducting fully parallel search for 2-K template vectors. The chip operates at 17 MHz with a power dissipation of 0.29 W under a power-supply voltage of 3.3 V.
Hidden Markov Model to Extract Leucine Zipper Motif (1995)

This paper describes a method to construct a stochastic motif represented by a Hidden Markov Model (HMM), which consists of probabilities representing the amino acid variations and the length flexibility of a motif. To express the stochastic motif with high accuracy, the optimal HMM topology must be obtained according to the motif's characteristic. To obtain the optimal HMM topology from unaligned sequences of a motif, the learning method, named the iterative duplication method, has been developed. It can automatically represent the subfamily branches and the periodic topology for α-helices. In this method, a small fully connected HMM is gradually expanded by splitting appropriate states one by one. The several techniques for splitting state selection are experimented for leucine zipper. The obtained HMMs contain the subfamily branches and the periodic topology relying on necessities. The experimental results show that the HMMs are more powerful than patterns in terms of prediction performance.