gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Motion Segmentation of Truncated Signed Distance Function Based Volumetric Surfaces (2015)

Truncated signed distance function (TSDF) based volumetric surface reconstructions of static environments can be readily acquired using recent RGB-D camera based mapping systems. If objects in the environment move then a previously obtained TSDF reconstruction is no longer current. Handling this problem requires segmenting moving objects from the reconstruction. To this end, we present a novel solution to the motion segmentation of TSDF volumes. The segmentation problem is cast as CRF-based MAP inference in the voxel space. We propose: a novel data term by solving sparse multi-body motion segmentation and computing likelihoods for each motion label in the RGB-D image space, and, a novel pairwise term based on gradients of the TSDF volume. Experimental evaluation shows that the proposed approach achieves successful segmentations on reconstructions acquired with Kinect Fusion. Unlike the existing solutions which only work if the objects move completely from their initially occupied spaces, the proposed method permits segmentation of objects when they start to move.
Development of ceramic matrix composites for application in the ceramic technology for Advanced Heat Engines Project: Phase 2a, Development of in-situ toughened silicon nitride (1992)

The objective of this program was to develop a net shape forming process for an in-situ reinforced Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} (AS-700). AS-700 was initially developed using cold isostatic pressing (CIP) of alcohol milled powders. The CIP'ed AS-700 material exhibited a moderate strength (690 MPa) and high toughness (9 MPa{radical}m) at room temperature. In addition to net-shape process development, optimization of AS-700 properties was also investigated through the refinement of densification processes, and evaluation of the effect of Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} powder properties on resulting microstructure and mechanical properties. Slip casting was chosen as the net-shape forming process. A slip casting process was successfully developed for forming green parts ranging from thin plates to thick cylinders, and to large complex shaped turbine rotors. The densification cycle was optimized to achieve full density parts without any cracks or warpage, and with comparable properties and microstructure to the CIP'ed baseline AS-700 material. The evaluation of six (6) alternate Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} powders indicated that Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} powders have a very strong influence on the development of resulting AS-700 in-situ microstructures and mechanical properties. The AS-700 slip casting process and optimized densification process were then combined and a number of test specimens weremore » fabricated. The mechanical properties and microstructure of the optimized slip cast AS-700 Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} were then fully characterized. The key property values are: 695 MPa at room temperature, 446 MPa at 1370{degree}C flexural strengths and 8.25 MPa{radical}m toughness.« less
Theoretical examination of the SN2 reaction involving chloride ion and methyl chloride in the gas phase and aqueous solution (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTheoretical examination of the SN2 reaction involving chloride ion and methyl chloride in the gas phase and aqueous solutionJayaraman Chandrasekhar, Scott F. Smith, and William L. JorgensenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 1, 154–163Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00287a028https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00287a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1850Altmetric-Citations354LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Synthesis and Structure−Activity Relationships of N-{3-[2-(4-Alkoxyphenoxy)thiazol-5-yl]-1-methylprop-2-ynyl}carboxy Derivatives as Selective Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase 2 Inhibitors. (2006)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionSynthesis and Structure−Activity Relationships of N-{3-[2-(4-Alkoxyphenoxy)thiazol-5-yl]-1-methylprop-2-ynyl}carboxy Derivatives as Selective Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase 2 Inhibitors.Yu Gui Gu, Moshe Weitzberg, Richard F. Clark, Xiangdong Xu, Qun Li, Tianyuan Zhang, T. Matthew Hansen, Gang Liu, Zhili Xin, Xiaojun Wang, Rongqi Wang, Teresa McNally, Bradley A. Zinker, Ernst U. Frevert, Heidi S. Camp, Bruce A. Beutel, and Hing L. ShamCite this: J. Med. Chem. 2006, 49, 16, 5028Publication Date (Web):July 7, 2006Publication History Published online7 July 2006Published inissue 1 August 2006https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm060758ehttps://doi.org/10.1021/jm060758ecorrectionACS PublicationsCopyright © 2006 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views461Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (7 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Improvement in contactless generation of ultrasound with an array of thermoelastic sources (1993)

High focusing and wide angular scanning of ultrasonic beams have been achieved by using an array of photothermal strip sources. The phased array was implemented from a multiple beam, YAG laser providing 16 time-delayed optical pulses. Ultrasonic pulses are focused in any direction in the solid or at its surface by applying the appropriate time-delay law between the laser pulses. For longitudinal waves, acoustic signals and directivity patterns have been probed on duraluminum sample by using either an optical probe or a piezoelectric transducer. Experimental results were compared with computations taking into account the diffraction effects due to the thermoelastic source shape. Then, it is shown that bulk defects can be detected by using longitudinal waves, the amplitudes of which were 24 dB enhanced by focusing
Evaluating the Volatility of Three Formulations of 2,4-D When Applied in the Field (2015)

Cotton genetically engineered to be resistant to topical applications of 2,4-D could provide growers with an additional tool for managing difficult-to-control broadleaf species. However, the successful adoption of this technology will be dependent on the ability of growers to manage off-target herbicide movement. Field experiments were conducted in Moultrie, GA, to evaluate cotton injury resulting from the volatilization of 2,4-D when formulated as an ester, an amine, or a choline salt. Each formulation of 2,4-D (2.24 kg ha −1 ) was applied in mixture with glyphosate (2.24 kg ha −1 ) directly to the soil surface (10 to 20% crop residue) in individual square blocks (750 m 2 ). Following herbicide applications, replicate sets of four potted cotton plants (five- to seven-leaf stage) were placed at distances ranging from 1.5 to 48 m from the edge of each treatment. Plants were allowed to remain in-field for up to 48 h before being removed. Cotton exposed to 2,4-D ester for 48 h exhibited maximum injury ratings of 63, 57, 48, 29, 13, and 2% at distances of 1.5, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 m, respectively. Less than 5% injury was noted for the amine and choline formulations at any distance. Plant height was also affected by formulation and distance; plants that were located closest to the ester-treated block were smaller than their more distantly-positioned counterparts. Exposure to the amine and choline formulations did not affect plant heights. Additionally, two plastic tunnels were placed inside of each treated block to concentrate volatiles and maximize the potential for crop injury. Injury ratings of 76, 13, and 5% were noted for cotton exposed to the ester, amine, and choline formulations, respectively when under tunnels for 48 h. Results indicate that the choline formulation of 2,4-D was less volatile and injurious to cotton than the ester under the field conditions in this study.
A scalable network for simultaneous pairwise quantum key distribution via entanglement-based time-bin coding (2021)

We present simultaneous quantum key distribution (QKD) between any two pairs of participants in a 4-party star-shaped optical fiber network without a trusted node. Our QKD system is the first to extend an entanglement-based time-bin coding protocol to multiple pairs of participants. We demonstrate key exchange over distances of more than 75 km and show that our network can be readily extended to at least 34 participants by using wavelength-division multiplexing in the optical C-band and with small modifications up to 102 participants. Our scheme is compatible to multiplexing approaches that were implemented earlier with polarization-based QKD and can thereby be extended to a fully connected network. In contrast to polarization-based QKD, the all-fiber system we present is insensitive to polarization instabilities in the fiber link. This enables key distribution networks with low quantum bit error rates and stable secure key rates using deployed fibers even under challenging environmental conditions.
Expert-augmented machine learning (2020)

Machine learning is proving invaluable across disciplines. However, its success is often limited by the quality and quantity of available data, while its adoption is limited by the level of trust afforded by given models. Human vs. machine performance is commonly compared empirically to decide whether a certain task should be performed by a computer or an expert. In reality, the optimal learning strategy may involve combining the complementary strengths of humans and machines. Here, we present expert-augmented machine learning (EAML), an automated method that guides the extraction of expert knowledge and its integration into machine-learned models. We used a large dataset of intensive-care patient data to derive 126 decision rules that predict hospital mortality. Using an online platform, we asked 15 clinicians to assess the relative risk of the subpopulation defined by each rule compared to the total sample. We compared the clinician-assessed risk to the empirical risk and found that, while clinicians agreed with the data in most cases, there were notable exceptions where they overestimated or underestimated the true risk. Studying the rules with greatest disagreement, we identified problems with the training data, including one miscoded variable and one hidden confounder. Filtering the rules based on the extent of disagreement between clinician-assessed risk and empirical risk, we improved performance on out-of-sample data and were able to train with less data. EAML provides a platform for automated creation of problem-specific priors, which help build robust and dependable machine-learning models in critical applications.
Ipsilesional intentional neglect and the effect of cueing (1999)

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Contralesional hemispatial neglect may be induced by an attentional deficit where patients are inattentive to or unaware of stimuli in contralesional hemispace, an intentional deficit where patients are unable to act in or towards contralesional hemispace, or both. The deficits associated with ipsilesional neglect have not been as well chararacterized. Because cueing may be used as a rehabilitative assistive device, we wanted to learn whether the efficacy of an attentional or intentional cue was related to the type of bias. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We studied a patient with a right frontotemporal stroke who had ipsilesional neglect by using a video apparatus that dissociates sensory-attentional and motor-intentional systems. We also performed a cueing experiment with primarily sensory-attentional cues (i.e., read the letter at the end of the line) and primarily motor-intentional cues (i.e., touch the end of the line). Results and <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Ipsilesional neglect was primarily a motor-intentional deficit with a motor-action bias to the left and a secondary sensory-attentional bias for stimuli to the right. With cueing we found a double dissociation: the rightwards motor-intentional cue improved the primary left-sided intentional bias and the leftwards sensory-attentional cue improved the secondary right-sided attentional bias. Effective rehabilitation strategies need to address both sensory-attentional and motor-intentional deficits in patients with neglect.
Laser display technology (2002)

A new laser projection system is presented within this paper. The working principle and the main components are discussed. A cost effective and small sized laser projection system becomes possible by the use of solid-state lasers and the application of microsystem devices for laser beam deflection. The light deflecting devices fabricated by micromachining are an essential of this paper. Design, different technological approaches and measurement results of the vertical scanner and of the line scanning micromirror arrays are discussed.
Improving the CS1 experience with pair programming (2003)

Pair programming is a practice in which two programmers work collaboratively at one computer, on the same design, algorithm, or code. Prior research indicates that pair programmers produce higher quality code in essentially half the time taken by solo programmers. An experiment was run to assess the efficacy of pair programming in an introductory Computer Science course. Student pair programmers were more self-sufficient, generally perform better on projects and exams, and were more likely to complete the class with a grade of C or better than their solo counterparts. Results indicate that pair programming creates a laboratory environment conducive to more advanced, active learning than traditional labs; students and lab instructors report labs to be more productive and less frustrating.
Preparation of amorphous solid dispersions by rotary evaporation and KinetiSol Dispersing: approaches to enhance solubility of a poorly water-soluble gum extract (2013)

Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA), a gum resin extract, possesses poor water-solubility that limits bioavailability and a high melting point making it difficult to successfully process into solid dispersions by fusion methods. The purpose of this study was to investigate solvent and thermal processing techniques for the preparation of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) exhibiting enhanced solubility, dissolution rates and bioavailability. Solid dispersions were successfully produced by rotary evaporation (RE) and KinetiSol® Dispersing (KSD). Solid state and chemical characterization revealed that ASD with good potency and purity were produced by both RE and KSD. Results of the RE studies demonstrated that AQOAT®-LF, AQOAT®-MF, Eudragit® L100-55 and Soluplus with the incorporation of dioctyl sulfosuccinate sodium provided substantial solubility enhancement. Non-sink dissolution analysis showed enhanced dissolution properties for KSD-processed solid dispersions in comparison to RE-processed solid dispersions. Variances in release performance were identified when different particle size fractions of KSD samples were analyzed. Selected RE samples varying in particle surface morphologies were placed under storage and exhibited crystalline growth following solid-state stability analysis at 12 months in comparison to stored KSD samples confirming amorphous instability for RE products. In vivo analysis of KSD-processed solid dispersions revealed significantly enhanced AKBA absorption in comparison to the neat, active substance.
Catalysts with noble metals based on super-cross-linked polystyrene for the hydrogenation of aromatic hydrocarbons (2012)

A series of catalysts containing noble metals on a super-cross-linked polystyrene (SCP) support with a developed specific surface area (>1000 m2/g) and high thermal stability are prepared and studied to develop an effective catalyst for the low-temperature hydrogenation of aromatic hydrocarbons. A study of Pt- and Pd-containing catalysts based on SCP, carbon supports, and alumina in the hydrogenation of simple (benzene, toluene), branched (n-butylbenzene) and polycyclic (terphenyl) aromatic compounds is conducted. In the hydrogenation of aromatic hydrocarbons, the activity of the catalysts on SCP is comparable to or surpasses analogous catalysts based on Al2O3 and Sibunit in the content of noble metals; it is established that catalysts on SCP have greater selectivity in the hydrogenation of benzene in a benzene-toluene mixture. The electronic state of metals in the Pt(Pd)/SCP catalysts is studied by the IR spectroscopy of adsorbed CO. In testing the catalysts in the hydrogenation of terphenyl, it is found that Pt-containing catalyst on the SCP can operate in reversible hydrogenation-dehydrogenation cycles (terphenyl-tercyclohexane); this is promising for the use of such catalyst systems in creating composite materials for hydrogen storage.
Optical response of 3D nano-architecture solar cells and integration with 3D device physics (2011)

We study the optical response of various nanojunction solar cell architectures and examine how various cylindrical arrangements of emitter, base, glass and transparent conductor affect reflection and absorption of incident light. The photogeneration profiles of such nano-architectures are cylindrically asymmetric, varying axially, radially and azimuthally within the wavelength band investigated. Such 3D profiles require 3D device models for accurate device analysis. The extended nanojunction configuration was examined in more detail, as this design is known to have superior performance. The particular design consists of nanostructured glass and a superstrate arrangement of the other device elements.
Early Detection of a Two-Long-Terminal-Repeat Junction Molecule in the Cytoplasm of Recombinant Murine Leukemia Virus-Infected Cells (2004)

We showed that a U5-U3 junction was reproducibly detected by a PCR assay as early as 1 to 2 h postinfection with a DNase-treated murine leukemia virus (MLV)-containing supernatant in aphidicolin-arrested NIH 3T3 cells, as well as in nonarrested cells. Such detection is azidothymidine sensitive and corresponded to neosynthesized products of the reverse transcriptase. This observation was confirmed in two additional human cell lines, TE671 and ARPE-19. Using cell fractionation combined with careful controls, we found that a two-long-terminal-repeat (two-LTR) junction molecule was detectable in the cytoplasm as early as 2 h post virus entry. Altogether, our data indicated that the neosynthesized retroviral DNA led to the early formation of structures including true two-LTR junctions in the cytoplasm of MLV-infected cells. Thus, the classical assumption that two-LTR circles are a mitosis-dependent dead-end product accumulating in the nucleus must be reconsidered. MLV-derived products containing a two-LTR junction can no longer be used as an exclusive surrogate for the preintegration complex nuclear translocation event.
Electrophilic Fluorophosphonium Cations in Frustrated Lewis Pair Hydrogen Activation and Catalytic Hydrogenation of Olefins (2015)

Abstract The combination of phosphorus(V)‐based Lewis acids with diaryl amines and diaryl silylamines promotes reversible activation of dihydrogen and can be further exploited in metal‐free catalytic olefin hydrogenation. Combined experimental and density functional theory (DFT) studies suggest a frustrated Lewis pair type activation mechanism.
Merging Nonlinear Optics and Negative-Index Metamaterials (2011)

The extraordinary properties of nonlinear optical propagation processes in double-domain positive/negative index metamaterials are reviewed. These processes include second harmonic generation, three- and four-wave frequency mixing, and optical parametric amplification. Striking contrasts with the properties of the counterparts in ordinary materials are shown. We also discuss the possibilities for compensating strong losses inherent to plasmonic metamaterials, which present a major obstacle in numerous exciting applications, and the possibilities for creation of unique ultracompact photonic devices such as data processing chips and nonlinear-optical sensors. Finally, we propose similar extraordinary three-wave mixing processes in crystals based on optical phonons with negative dispersion.
Clinical course of pertussis in immunized children (1995)

To describe the clinical course of Bordetella pertussis infection in a highly immunized childhood population, we studied prospectively endemic and epidemic pertussis in a metropolitan population with an immunization rate > 90% during an 8-year period from 1987 through 1994. Patients with a possible diagnosis of pertussis were referred by family or emergency room physicians for nasopharyngeal culture. Patients with a culture positive for B. pertussis were contacted by a nurse who completed a detailed questionnaire for the index case and all family members. Repeat home visits were made each week for 4 weeks. Of the 189 patients with pertussis who were evaluated 103 subjects were < 5 years of age. Congestion predated the onset of cough by up to 1 week in 35 (34%) cases. Seventy (68%) subjects < 5 years of age developed a paroxysmal cough within the first week of their illness. Ninety-one (88%) cases < 5 years old had a persistent paroxysmal cough for > 21 days. Coughing in this group lasted from 16 to 91 days (median 48). Erythromycin therapy appeared to shorten the duration of cough; however, patients were not randomized to receive erythromycin at a specific time. Despite adequate immunization some children develop pertussis. The clinical course in these patients is milder than in unimmunized subjects. Nevertheless the symptomatology in these children should still be readily identified by most physicians using classical clinical criteria of pertussis.
Oxybromination of phenol and aniline derivatives in H2O/scCO2 biphasic media (2006)

The oxybromination of phenols and anilines was achieved in the benign H2O/scCO2 biphasic system using NaBr–H2O2 as the bromine source without the need for metal catalysts or acidic additives. The reactivity of the system is associated with the intrinsic acidity of the medium and the in situ generation of percarbonic acid. High conversions of the starting material were achieved together with very good selectivities under optimized conditions.