gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
P4–300: Developing an in vitro‐in vivo model to study the impact of increasing brain APOE levels on cardiovascular safety (2013)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disease with no known cure. Apolipoprotein E, (apoE), a major lipid transport protein in brain, is strongly linked to late onset forms of AD. Of the three human isoforms, apoE4 is associated with the highest risk and apoE2 is associated with the lowest risk for developing AD. ApoE has been found to play an important role in the clearance of toxic Aß fragments from brain, therefore increasing brain apoE levels could be an important therapeutic target for treating AD. Since apoE also plays an important role as a plasma lipid transport protein, we sought to establish an in vitro-in vivo model using T0901317, a potent LXRα agonist. Mice were dosed with T0901317 (0–50 mg/kg) for 5 consecutive days. Brain and plasma apoE levels were evaluated using a sensitive ELISA. We also measured triglyceride levels in plasma and liver and assessed mRNA levels of relevant lipogenic genes by RT-qPCR. De novo lipogenesis in Hepatoblastoma (HepG2) cells was used to correlate the effect of T0901317 on de novo lipogenesis. Brain apoE mRNA and protein levels increased in a dose-dependent fashion following treatment with T0901317. Plasma triglyceride levels and mRNA expression of hepatic lipogenic genes (FASN, ABCA1, ABCG5 and ABCG8) increased in a dose dependent manner following T0901317 treatment. We also observed a dose-dependent increase in de novo lipogenesis and expression of lipogenic genes in HepG2 cells following exposure to T0901317. We observed a significant dose-dependent increase in triglyceride levels (both plasma and liver) following administration of T0901317 that correlated well with de novo lipogenesis in treated HepG2 cells. Using T0901317 as a tool compound, we were able to establish an in vitro- in vivo model system to study the effect of increasing brain apoE levels on cardiovascular safety.
Broadband Metamaterial Absorbers (2018)

Abstract The recent rise of metamaterials opens new opportunities for absorbers due to their designed electrodynamic properties and effects, allowing the creation of materials with effective values of permittivity and permeability that are not available in naturally occurring materials. Since their first experimental demonstration in 2008, recent literature has offered great advances in metamaterial perfect absorbers (MMPAs) operating at frequencies from radio to optical. Broadband absorbers are indispensable in thermophotovoltaics, photodetection, bolometry, and manipulation of mechanical resonances. Although it is easy to obtain MMPAs with single band or multiband, achieving broadband MMPA (BMMPA) remains a challenge due to the intrinsically narrow bandwidth of surface plasmon polaritons, localized surface plasmon resonances generated on metallic surfaces at nanoscale or high Q ‐factor in GHz region. To guide future development of BMMPA, recent progress is reviewed here: the methods to create broadband absorption and their potential applications. The four mainstream methods to achieve BMMPAs are introduced, including planar and vertical element arrangements, their welding with lumped elements and the use of plasmonic nanocomposites, accompanied by the description of other, less common approaches. Following this, applications of BMMPA in solar photovoltaics, photodetection, bolometry, and manipulation of mechanical resonances are reviewed. Finally, challenges and prospects are discussed.
Studies of endemic cretinism in Papua New Guinea: Digital and palmar dermatoglyphic patterns (1983)

We have tested the hypothesis that the abnormal development of the central nervous system seen in endemic cretinism might be accompanied by concurrent abnormal dermatoglyphic patterns. We compared digital and palmar dermatoglyphics of normal individuals and endemic cretins inhabiting the Huon Peninsula of Papua New Guinea. The population sampled from the Irumu River Valley included 118 males and 114 females with 22 male cretins and 23 female cretins. The population sampled from the Wantoat River Valley included 72 males and 38 females with 12 male cretins. No pathognomonic patterns were found that could identify the endemic cretin subpopulation. However, the occurrence of a number of differences between controls and cretins suggests that subtle changes in dermatoglyphic patterns accompany the anomalous development of the CNS secondary to maternal iodine deficiency. We discuss the significance of these findings and compare the dermatoglyphic patterns of normal Irumu and Wantoat natives and 21 other populations of Papua New Guinea.
<title>Fast VLSI architecture for 8 x 8 2D DCT</title> (1995)

Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) is one of the most popular lossy techniques used today in video compression schemes. It allows to take advantage of the properties of natural images. Indeed thanks to their continuity for small surfaces (typically 8 X 8 pixels), they ask for a more compact description in the frequential plan than in the spatial one. A coupled quantization also brings further compression gain as it is now possible to degrade more the high frequencies of the image to which human eye is less sensitive. The drawback is that DCT puts heavy stress on computational resources and can be a bottleneck to cheap real time video. We here introduce a VLSI architecture which combines excellent performance with a small die size as we use an algorithm which maps very well on silicon. Through a reordering of the samples, regularity and complexity of the computations involved are greatly improved. This allows to divide the process into two parallel parts, one for even samples, the other for odd ones. As the number of coefficients required is decreased, fixed multipliers can be used. A simple join of the two parts' results followed by a normalization merged with quantization will give 8 X 8 2D DCT after a total of 64 cycles.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Michael Addition Reactions Using Ethyl (S)‐4,4‐Dimethylpyroglutamate as a Chiral Auxiliary. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
CD-Insensitive PMD Monitoring of an 80-Gb/s Polarization-Multiplexed RZ-DPSK Channel Using a Polarizer and a Low-Speed Detector (2009)

We experimentally demonstrate a PMD monitoring technique utilizing the polarizer and low-speed detector for 80-Gb/s pol-muxed RZ-DPSK. RF power increment of 16.2 dB, insensitive to 0~100 ps/nm chromatic dispersion, is measured in the presence of 0~12 ps DGD.
Alternative Fuel Considerations for Gas Turbine Combustion (2007)

Gas turbines have the advantage of being able to operate on a wide range of fuels. Given the escalating cost of conventional fuel sources such as natural gas, there is increasing interest in, and implementation of, systems burning lower cost fuel gases. There are significant combustor performance effects when utilizing different fuels. Flame stability, emissions, durability, and combustion dynamics are critical combustion parameters which must be controlled when varying fuel constituents. Significant emphasis continues to be placed on the use of liquefied natural gas (LNG) as well as syngas derived from coal and petroleum coke. The elimination of carbon from gaseous coal based fuels also offers the possibility of burning hydrogen to reduce or eliminate carbon dioxide emissions. Existing stringent emissions permits must be met by power plants utilizing these different fuels. There is also a requirement for the flexible use of these fuels allowing power plants to switch real time between fuel sources using the same combustion hardware, without affecting commercial generating schedules. This highlights the requirement for fuel preparation and control skids, as well as robust combustion systems, for reliable plant operations. The objective of this work is to review fuel properties which affect combustion and consider the methods and tools used to characterize the subsequent combustion characteristics. The work focuses on gaseous fuel premixed combustion. A full scale high pressure combustion test stand was used to evaluate the effects of various gaseous fuels on given gas turbine combustor configurations. Data collected through the testing of natural gas containing heavy hydrocarbons, as might be expected from liquefied LNG or refinery offgas, and hydrogen based syngas fuel blends with natural gas to simulate various coal gas blends, is presented with conclusions drawn based upon the critical combustion parameters mentioned above. A methodology for fuel characterization and combustor qualification for the acceptable operation of gas turbine combustors on various gaseous fuels is discussed. The practical implementation of multi-fuel systems on commercially operating engines is also discussed, with emphasis on diluent free premixed systems.
Coordination chemistry of cyclamphosphorane. Access to transition-metal cyclamphosphoranides. Crystal and molecular structure of dicarbonylcyclopentadienylmolybdenum cyclamphosphoranide complex (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCoordination chemistry of cyclamphosphorane. Access to transition-metal cyclamphosphoranides. Crystal and molecular structure of dicarbonylcyclopentadienylmolybdenum cyclamphosphoranide complexJean Marc. Dupart, Andre. Grand, and Jean G. RiessCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 6, 1167–1173Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00266a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00266a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views90Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Enzyme-Aided Fractionation of Brewer's Spent Grains in Pilot Scale (2011)

Brewer's spent grain (BSG) is an important coproduct of the brewing industry and is generally used in animal feed. Recently, there has been considerable research into the use of enzymes to convert BSG into more value-added products. In this study, the efficiency of enzymatic fractionation of freshly produced BSG was studied in pilot scale. Carbohydrate-and protein-degrading enzymes were applied sequentially to produce three fractions: carbohydrate hydrolysate, protein hydrolysate, and a solid lignin-carbohydrate residue. To minimize microbial contamination, processing was performed at 60°C for 4 hr. In all, 14 and 36% of the original dry matter was liberated by carbohydrase and protease, respectively. The carbohydrate-degrading enzyme cocktail produced cellulose- and hemicellulose-derived mono- and oligosaccharides. The protease treatment released peptide-enriched hydrolysate. Approximately half of the original BSG solids were solubilized during the two-stage enzymatic process. Although the protease efficiently released the majority of BSG proteins, the carbohydrate matrix was much less accessible to enzyme attack. The impact of scale-up to pilot scale was compared with previous laboratory-scale studies, and the results were found to be in good agreement.
Treatment of early rheumatoid arthritis: A randomized magnetic resonance imaging study comparing the effects of methotrexate alone, methotrexate in combination with infliximab, and methotrexate in combination with intravenous pulse methylprednisolone (2007)

The combination of MTX and infliximab is superior to MTX alone for reducing MRI-detected signs of synovitis and bone edema in patients with early RA. Progression of MRI-detected erosion was greater in patients treated with MTX plus IV MP compared with that in patients who received MTX plus infliximab.
Raw data for "Low-loss silicon slot waveguide realized by surface roughness reduction" (2017)

This dataset contains the raw data used for the figures in the paper Debnath K, Khokhar A, Reed G, Saito S. Low-loss silicon slot waveguide realized by surface roughness reduction. In 2016 IEEE 13th International Conference on Group IV photonics (GFP). Piscataway, US: IEEE. 2016. Available from DOI: 10.1109/GROUP4.2016.7739069 Abstract: We demonstrate low-loss slot waveguides on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform. Waveguides oriented to the direction on the Si (110) plane are fabricated by a combination of dry and wet etching to realize propagation loss of 4dB/cm for a waveguide with a slot width of 120nm.
Genetic approaches to the study of the molecular basis of human cancer. (1991)

During the past few years molecular genetics has been providing answers concerning the mechanisms that are involved in the pathogenesis of human malignancies. Essentially two different mechanisms are involved. One results in the activation of cellular protooncogenes. This activation can occur by activation of transcription, mutation, or gene fusion. Chromosomal translocations and inversions in malignant cells have provided very powerful tools to identify and characterize genes involved in malignant transformation and to probes specific for breakpoint cluster regions are being used extensively for the diagnosis, prognosis, and clinical monitoring of hematopoietic malignancies. The other mechanism results in loss of function of cancer suppressor genes or antioncogenes. Loss of heterozygosity at specific sites of the human genome has provided the means to identify, by the molecular genetic approach, genes the function of which is eliminated or suppressed in human cancers. During the last few years a number of such genes, such as Rb and p53, have been identified and characterized. By this approach a potential candidate involved in the 3p deletion characteristic of lung cancer has been identified. Interestingly, this gene codes for a protein tyrosine phosphatase (14). If this gene should turn out to be involved in the pathogenesis of lung and kidney tumors, it will indicate that transmembrane protein tyrosine phosphatase may represent a class of tumor suppressors.
Rising occurrence of hypocitraturia and hyperoxaluria associated with increasing prevalence of stone disease in calcium kidney stone formers (2020)

Urolithiasis has increased in females, obese, and older patients, consistent with population-based studies. We report a rising incidence of hypocitraturia and hyperoxaluria in the contemporary cohort, particularly in obese patients and in males, respectively. Further studies are needed to better characterize the metabolic changes corresponding to the increase in stone disease.
Structure-guided development of heterodimer-selective GPCR ligands (2016)

Crystal structures of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) ligand complexes allow a rational design of novel molecular probes and drugs. Here we report the structure-guided design, chemical synthesis and biological investigations of bivalent ligands for dopamine D2 receptor/neurotensin NTS1 receptor (D2R/NTS1R) heterodimers. The compounds of types 1-3 consist of three different D2R pharmacophores bound to an affinity-generating lipophilic appendage, a polyethylene glycol-based linker and the NTS1R agonist NT(8-13). The bivalent ligands show binding affinity in the picomolar range for cells coexpressing both GPCRs and unprecedented selectivity (up to three orders of magnitude), compared with cells that only express D2Rs. A functional switch is observed for the bivalent ligands 3b,c inhibiting cAMP formation in cells singly expressing D2Rs but stimulating cAMP accumulation in D2R/NTS1R-coexpressing cells. Moreover, the newly synthesized bivalent ligands show a strong, predominantly NTS1R-mediated β-arrestin-2 recruitment at the D2R/NTS1R-coexpressing cells.
Test of Lepton Universality UsingB+→K+ℓ+ℓ−Decays (2014)

A measurement of the ratio of the branching fractions of the B(+) → K(+)μ(+)μ(-) and B(+) → K(+)e(+)e(-) decays is presented using proton-proton collision data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fb(-1), recorded with the LHCb experiment at center-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV. The value of the ratio of branching fractions for the dilepton invariant mass squared range 1 < q(2) < 6 GeV(2)/c(4) is measured to be 0.745(-0.074)(+0.090)(stat) ± 0.036(syst). This value is the most precise measurement of the ratio of branching fractions to date and is compatible with the standard model prediction within 2.6 standard deviations.
Abdominal visceral fat measurement using dual‐energy X‐ray: Association with cardiometabolic risk factors (2013)

VAT measured using DXA showed a significant association with cardiometabolic risk factors and disease. These relationships persist after statistical adjustment for age, BMI, and waist circumference. DXA VAT may provide a new accessible option for quantifying VAT-related cardiometabolic risk.
Automatic Lab scale equipment for continuous HMF production in biphasic systems (2020)

Abstract An automatic lab scale equipment for continuous HMF production by the dehydration of fructose with homogeneous catalysis in biphasic systems (water solution - MIBK) was designed, manufactured and tested. The dependencies of the HMF yield on the process parameters were studied. The feed rate of fructose varied from 50 to 100 g·h −1 , the extractant (MIBK) flow rate from 0.5 to 1.4 L·h −1 and the process temperature was maintained in the range from 50 to 87 °C. The maximum productivity of the automatic lab scale equipment 33.6 g·h −1 with a high HMF yield 48 % is achieved with the following process parameters - 87 °C, the fructose feed rate 100 g·h −1 and the extractant flow rate 1 L·h −1 . This automatic lab scale equipment may be prospectively used for the kilogram scale HMF synthesis.
Uplink Control Channel in E-UTRA, Radio Link and Radio Network Evaluation (2008)

Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA) is specified by the Third generation partnership project, 3GPP. E-UTRA is designed to efficiently and flexibly utilize different spectrum bands supporting high physical bit rate and short radio link delay. A reliable control channel is a key component for short delay and high bit rate on higher layers. For user peak bit rate, a low HARQ NACK error ratio is crucial. HARQ ACK/NACK for downlink is sent on the Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH). In this paper the PUCCH performance is evaluated by means of simulations. Results on both link and network level in a multi-cell environment show that the PUCCH is robust and designed for 1-reuse frequency plans. Good performance is shown for different channel types and for high speed mobiles. For up to 12 scheduled users per sub-frame the NACK error rate is maintained well below le-4.
Partial least square and k-nearest neighbor algorithms for improved 3D quantitative spectral data–activity relationship consensus modeling of acute toxicity (2014)

A diverse set of 154 chemicals that included US Food and Drug Administration-regulated compounds tested for their aquatic toxicity in Daphnia magna were modeled by a 3-dimensional quantitative spectral data-activity relationship (3D-QSDAR). Two distinct algorithms, partial least squares (PLS) and Tanimoto similarity-based k-nearest neighbors (KNN), were used to process bin occupancy descriptor matrices obtained after tessellation of the 3D-QSDAR space into regularly sized bins. The performance of models utilizing bins ranging in size from 2 ppm × 2 ppm × 0.5 Å to 20 ppm × 20 ppm × 2.5 Å was explored. Rigorous quality-control criteria were imposed: 1) 100 randomized 20% hold-out test sets were generated and the average R(2) test of the respective models was used as a measure of their performance, and 2) a Y-scrambling procedure was used to identify chance correlations. A consensus between the best-performing composite PLS model using 0.5 Å × 14 ppm × 14 ppm bins and 10 latent variables (average R(2) test = 0.770) and the best composite KNN model using 0.5 Å × 8 ppm × 8 ppm and 2 neighbors (average R(2) test = 0.801) offered an improvement of about 7.5% (R(2) test consensus = 0.845). Projection of the most frequently occurring bins on the standard coordinate space indicated that the presence of a primary or secondary amino group-substituted aromatic systems-would result in an increased toxic effect in Daphnia. The presence of a second aromatic ring with highly electronegative substituents 5 Å to 7 Å apart from the first ring would lead to a further increase in toxicity.
Boosting of SIV-Specific T Cell Responses in Rhesus Macaques That Resist Repeated Intravaginal Challenge with SIVmac251 (2002)

Despite repeated high-risk exposure to infectious HIV-1, some individuals remain HIV-1 seronegative and apparently uninfected. The use of nonhuman primate model systems to study SIVmac transmission may help to elucidate the factors responsible for protection in exposed, seronegative (ESN) humans. In an earlier vaccination study, three control rhesus macaques that were exposed to three sequential intravaginal challenges with pathogenic SIVmac251 failed to show evidence of infection after 5 years of observation. 51Cr release assay results suggested that these animals had low-level cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses to SIVmac proteins. We hypothesized that these responses might be an important component of protection from mucosal challenge. We performed an additional intravaginal challenge of all three macaques and monitored SIV-specific T cell responses in peripheral blood, using the sensitive enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISpot) assay. After the fourth challenge, one animal became infected; this animal did not mount a strong SIV-specific T cell response. Two other macaques remained uninfected as determined by peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) coculture, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and branched DNA (bDNA) analysis of peripheral blood and lymphoid tissues, but demonstrated boosting of SIV-specific T cell responses after challenge. These results support a protective role for SIVmac-specific T cells in repeatedly exposed, persistently seronegative rhesus macaques.
Transcriptome analysis of Loxosceles laeta (Araneae, Sicariidae) spider venomous gland using expressed sequence tags (2008)

This study provides a first global view of the gene expression scenario of the venom gland of L. laeta described so far, indicating the molecular bases of its venom composition.