gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Postnatal β2 adrenergic treatment improves insulin sensitivity in lambs with IUGR but not persistent defects in pancreatic islets or skeletal muscle (2019)

Placental insufficiency causes intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and disturbances in glucose homeostasis with associated β adrenergic receptor (ADRβ) desensitization. Our objectives were to measure insulin-sensitive glucose metabolism in neonatal lambs with IUGR and to determine whether daily treatment with ADRβ2 agonist and ADRβ1/β3 antagonists for 1 month normalizes their glucose metabolism. Growth, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and glucose utilization rates (GURs) were measured in control lambs, IUGR lambs and IUGR lambs treated with adrenergic receptor modifiers: clenbuterol atenolol and SR59230A (IUGR-AR). In IUGR lambs, islet insulin content and GSIS were less than in controls; however, insulin sensitivity and whole-body GUR were not different from controls. Of importance, ADRβ2 stimulation with β1/β3 inhibition increases both insulin sensitivity and whole-body glucose utilization in IUGR lambs. In IUGR and IUGR-AR lambs, hindlimb GURs were greater but fractional glucose oxidation rates and ex vivo skeletal muscle glucose oxidation rates were lower than controls. Glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) was lower in IUGR and IUGR-AR skeletal muscle than in controls but GLUT1 was greater in IUGR-AR. ADRβ2, insulin receptor, glycogen content and citrate synthase activity were similar among groups. In IUGR and IUGR-AR lambs heart rates were greater, which was independent of cardiac ADRβ1 activation. We conclude that targeted ADRβ2 stimulation improved whole-body insulin sensitivity but minimally affected defects in GSIS and skeletal muscle glucose oxidation. We show that risk factors for developing diabetes are independent of postnatal catch-up growth in IUGR lambs as early as 1 month of age and are inherent to the islets and myocytes.
Impact of vericiguat on baroreflex-mediated sympathetic circulatory regulation: An open-loop analysis (2023)

Neither vericiguat nor sodium nitroprusside significantly affected the baroreflex-mediated SNA response. The vasodilative effect of vericiguat became greater toward high levels of SNA and AP, possibly reflecting the increased sGC sensitivity to endogenous NO. By contrast, the effect of sodium nitroprusside was more uniform over the range of SNA. These results help better understand cardiovascular effects of vericiguat.
Comparison of Characteristics, Follow-up and Outcomes of Active Surveillance for Prostate Cancer According to Ethnicity in the GAP3 Global Consortium Database (2021)

This international study compared prostate cancer active surveillance outcomes by ethnicity. Risks of upgrading and disease progression were higher among African than among Caucasian men. Transitioning to treatment without progression was highest among Asian men. Understanding of these differences requires further investigation.
Polymerization-Induced Phase Separation Using Hydrogen-Bonded Supramolecular Polymers (2003)

The concept of polymerization-induced phase separation with hydrogen-bonded supramolecular polymers was investigated by the photopolymerization of films containing mixtures of supramolecular polymer 1a or 1b and varying amounts of monoacrylate and diacrylate with UV-A (320−400 nm) radiation (5 W/cm2) for 0.3 s. The extent of the phase separation after photopolymerization was determined by differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy, which showed that film 1 containing no diacrylate is macrophase-separated, while films 2 and 3 containing 17.0 or 42.5% diacrylate are microphase-separated. Increasing the amount of diacrylates has a strong influence on the morphology development, as it decreases the length scale of the phase separation by shortening the time available before vitrification sets inin this way decreasing the crystallinity of the supramolecular phase. Tensile tests and DMTA measurements showed that the mechanical properties of the films containing the hydrogen-bonded supramolecular polymers are comparable to those films containing covalent high molecular weight polymers.
Nuclear Inclusion of Nontargeted and Chromatin-Targeted Polystyrene Beads and Plasmid DNA Containing Nanoparticles (2011)

The nuclear membrane is one of the major cellular barriers in the delivery of plasmid DNA (pDNA). Cell division has a positive influence on the expression efficiency since, at the end of mitosis, pDNA or pDNA containing complexes near the chromatin are probably included by a random process in the nuclei of the daughter cells. However, very little is known about the nuclear inclusion of nanoparticles during cell division. Using the Xenopus nuclear envelope reassembly (XNER) assay, we found that the nuclear enclosure of nanoparticles was dependent on size (with 100 and 200 nm particles being better included than the 500 nm ones) and charge (with positively charged particles being better included than negatively charged or polyethyleneglycolated (PEGylated) ones) of the beads. Also, coupling chromatin-targeting peptides to the polystyrene beads or pDNA complexes improved their inclusion by 2- to 3-fold. Upon microinjection in living HeLa cells, however, nanoparticles were never observed in the nuclei of cells postdivision but accumulated in a specific perinuclear region, which was identified as the lysosomal compartment. This indicates that nanoparticles can end up in the lysosomes even when they were not delivered through endocytosis. To elucidate if the chromatin binding peptides also have potential in living cells, this additional barrier first has to be tackled, since it prevents free particles from being present near the chromatin at the moment of cell division.
Synthesis of Analogues of 3'-Deoxypsicothymidine (1995)

Abstract Preparation of 3′-deoxypsicothymidines bearing a tether group at O1′ is described. Selective protection of the primary hydroxy functions of the starting nucleoside is briefly discussed.
Advantages of Inertial-Electrostatic Confinement Fusion (1991)

Inertial-Electrostatic Confinement (IEC) is an alternative approach to fusion power that potentially offers the ability to burn advanced fuels like D-He3 in a non-Maxwellian, high density core. These aneutronic reactions are ideal for direct energy conversion; since the products energetic ions, they also offer high specific impulse for space propulsion.The results presented here are the first potential well measurements of an IEC-type device via a collimated proton detector. They indicate that a ~15-kV virtual anode, at least one centimeter in radius, has formed in a spherical device with a cathode potential of 30 kV, and a current of 12 mA. Numerical analysis indicates D+ densities on the order of 109 cm-3, and D+2 densities on the order of 1010 cm-3.Virtual well formation is very important to IEC devices because they are, in effect, 100% transparent electrodes that can create an electrostatic well to confine energetic ions. A brief description of the theory of IEC is given, followed by a greater description of the results.
Polarization Holography with liquid crystals polymers and applications (2012)

Liquid Crystals Polymers are birefringent molecules locally orientable. By recording the polarization pattern due to the overlap of differently polarized beams on LCP, space-variant retarders are realized. We present two applications polarization holography and coronagraphy.
Amphotropic Liquid Crystals (1998)

The prelims comprise: Introduction, Remarks on History Principles of Molecular Structures General Phase Behavior Summary
NOx Abatement in Exhaust from Lean-Burn Combustion Engines by Reduction of NO2 over Silver-Containing Zeolite Catalysts (1998)

Resistance to sulfur, long life, and high activity are characteristic of silver-containing zeolite catalysts with Brønsted acid centers, which can be used for the reduction of NO2 to N2 in the presence of hydrocarbons [Eq. (1)]. In the proposed reaction mechanism, N2 formation proceeds via intermediate nitro, amino, and diazonium compounds.
Investigation of the Corrosion of Steels in Marine Environment Using Orientation Imaging Microscopy / Untersuchung der Korrosion von Stählen in Meeresumgebung mittels orientierungsabbildender Rasterelektronenmikroskopie (2000)

Article Investigation of the Corrosion of Steels in Marine Environment Using Orientation Imaging Microscopy / Untersuchung der Korrosion von Stählen in Meeresumgebung mittels orientierungsabbildender Rasterelektronenmikroskopie was published on December 1, 2000 in the journal Practical Metallography (volume 37, issue 12).
Adenovirus-Mediated Delivery of Fas Ligand Inhibits Intimal Hyperplasia After Balloon Injury in Immunologically Primed Animals (1999)

Our data demonstrate that adenovirus-mediated Fas ligand delivery can inhibit intimal hyperplasia in both immunologically primed and naive animals, whereas the efficacy of an adenovirus-mediated p21 delivery is limited to immunologically naive animals. This study documents, for the first time, the therapeutic efficacy of intravascular adenoviral gene transfer in animals with preexisting immunity to adenovirus.
A tunable erbium-doped fiber ring laser with power-equalized output (2006)

We propose and demonstrate a tunable erbium-based fiber ring laser with power-equalized output. When a mode-restricting intracavity fiber Fabry-Perot tunable filter (FFP-TF) is combined, the proposed resonator can guarantee a tunable laser oscillation. This proposed laser can obtain the flatter lasing wavelength in an effectively operating range of 1533.3 to 1574.6 nm without any other operating mechanism. Moreover, the performances of the output power, wavelength tuning range, and side-mode suppression ratio (SMSR) were studied.
Polymers containing enzymatically degradable bonds, 7. Design of oligopeptide side‐chains in poly[N‐(2‐hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide] copolymers to promote efficient degradation by lysosomal enzymes (1983)

Abstract N ‐(2‐Hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide copolymers are considered to be a potential drug delivery system. To fulfil this role the drug‐polymer linkage must be susceptible to intralysosomal hydrolysis. Taking p ‐nitroanilide as a drug analogue, copolymers were synthesized bearing oligopeptidyl‐ p ‐nitroanilide side‐chains designed to match known specificities of the lysosomal enzymes cathepsin L or cathepsin D. Degradation of side‐chains by rat liver lysosomal enzymes (measured by monitoring terminal p ‐nitroaniline release) occurred only in the presence of reduced glutathione (5 mmol/l) and was effectively inhibited by leupeptin, indicating the involvement of thiol‐proteinases in every case. Depending on side‐chain composition, between 20 and more than 50% of the terminal p ‐nitroaniline residues were liberated during a 5 h incubation. It has also been shown that 1) a polymer molecule may contain side‐chains of a single type that are nevertheless differentially susceptible to lysosomal hydrolysis; 2) two of the side‐chains studied liberate only a p ‐nitroaniline residue, whereas the others also release amino‐acyl‐ p ‐nitroanilides; 3) the cleavage of all side‐chains displays a broad pH optimum pH 5 to pH 7; 4) the Michaelis‐Menten constant K m for side‐chain cleavage varied between 26,1 and 143,2 mg/ml, depending on the amino acid sequence of the side‐chain.
Modulation recognition using second- and higher-order cyclostationarity (2017)

We sketch the components of a system designed to compete in the Battle of the ModRecs Workshop at DySPAN 2017. The core ideas are the use of a flexible channelized receiver for obtaining the complex envelopes of variable-bandwidth bands-of-interest and the use of the spectral correlation function (SCF) and higher-order cyclic temporal cumulants (CCs) for blind modulation recognition and parameter estimation. The use of CC features is greatly enhanced by the addition of a unsupervised clustering algorithm for constellation-size estimation.
Synthesis and Electron Transfer Studies of Ruthenium−Terpyridine-Based Dyads Attached to Nanostructured TiO2 (2007)

A series of bis(terpyridine)RuII complexes have been prepared, where one of the terpyridines is functionalized in the 4'-position by a phosphonic or carboxylic acid group for attachment to TiO2. The other is functionalized, also in the 4'-position, by a potential electron donor. In complexes 1a, 3a, and 4a,b, this donor is tyrosine or hydrogen-bonded tyrosine, while in 2a it is carotenoic amide. The synthesis and photophysical properties of the complexes are discussed. On irradiation with visible light, the formation of a long-lived charge-separated state was anticipated, via primary electron ejection into the TiO2, followed by secondary electron transfer from the donor to the photogenerated RuIII. However, such a charge-separated state could be observed with certainty only with complex 2a. To explain the result, quantum chemical calculations were performed on the different types of complexes.
Induction of colitis and rapid development of colorectal tumors in mice deficient in the neuropeptide PACAP (2007)

Abstract Pituitary adenylyl cyclase activating peptide (PACAP) is expressed in central, sensory, autonomic, and enteric neurons. Although it classically acts as a neurotransmitter/neuromodulator, recent studies indicate that PACAP can also regulate immune function. To this effect, PACAP has been shown to reduce clinical symptoms and inflammation in mouse models of human immune‐based diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's Disease, septic shock and multiple sclerosis. Despite these findings, the role of the endogenous peptide in regulating immune function is unknown. To determine if endogenous PACAP plays a protective role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and IBD‐associated colorectal cancer in mice, PACAP‐deficient (KO) mice were subjected to 3 cycles of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water over 2 months, an established mouse model for colitis. Compared to wild type (WT) controls, PACAP KO mice exhibited more severe clinical symptoms of colitis and had significantly higher colonic inflammation on pathological examination. Moreover, 60% of the PACAP KO mice developed colorectal tumors with an aggressive‐appearing pathology. Consistent with published data, DSS‐treated WT mice did not develop such tumors. The results demonstrate a new mouse model which rapidly develops inflammation‐associated colorectal cancer in the absence of a carcinogen. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis and curing of novel LC twin epoxy monomers for liquid crystal thermosets (1996)

This article describes the synthesis and characterization of new liquid crystalline thermosets having a twin structure. Nematic epoxy-terminated monomers based on a phenyl benzoate twin mesogen connected by an alkylene spacer were synthesized for these studies. In addition, an epoxy-terminated monomer based on a 1,4-bis(benzoyloxy)phenylene mesogen was synthesized to determine the effect of the position of the mesogen on the final network structure. The diepoxy monomer made with phenyl benzoate twin mesogens connected with an alkylene spacer formed a smectic-like network when cured with diamines. This smectic organization appeared even though the diepoxy monomer itself showed only a nematic mesophase over a narrow temperature range. The presence of crosslinks at both ends of the mesogens helped to retain a uniform spacing between crosslinking sites during the curing reaction, and aided formation of the smectic layer arrangement. The epoxy monomer possessing a 1,4-bis(benzoyloxy)phenylene mesogen and two epoxidized alkylene end groups on both sides of the mesogen formed a stable nematic mesophase. However, in contrast to the twin epoxies, the latter epoxy when reacted with diamines tended to produce a nematic-like network which was retained as the crosslinking reaction proceeded. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Workflows for the Management of Change in Science, Technologies, Engineering and Mathematics (2011)

Mathematical knowledge is a central component in science, engineering, and technology (documentation). Most of it is represented informally, and -- in contrast to published research mathematics -- subject to continual change. Unfortunately, machine support for change management has either been very coarse grained and thus barely useful, or restricted to formal languages, where automation is possible. In this paper, we report on an effort to extend change management to collections of semi-formal documents which flexibly intermix mathematical formulas and natural language and to integrate it into a semantic publishing system for mathematical knowledge. We validate the long-standing assumption that the semantic annotations in these flexiformal documents that drive the machine-supported interaction with documents can support semantic impact analyses at the same time. But in contrast to the fully formal setting, where adaptations of impacted documents can be automated to some degree, the flexiformal setting requires much more user interaction and thus a much tighter integration into document management workflows.
Catalytic Routes to Hydro(chloro)fluorocarbons (2008)

Abstract The sections in this article are Background Catalytic Transformations Addition of HF Halogen Exchange Isomerizations Disproportionations/Conproportionations HX Elimination Reactions Hydrodehalogenations/Dehydrohalogenations Oxygenates as Reactive Intermediates Coupling Chlorinations/Chlorofluorinations CFC Destruction Purification Techniques Opportunities for the Future Conclusions
Biosynthesis of hydroxy fatty acid polymers. Enzymic synthesis of cutin from monomer acids by cell-free preparations from the epidermis of Vicia faba leaves (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBiosynthesis of hydroxy fatty acid polymers. Enzymic synthesis of cutin from monomer acids by cell-free preparations from the epidermis of Vicia faba leavesRodney Croteau and P. E. KolattukudyCite this: Biochemistry 1974, 13, 15, 3193–3202Publication Date (Print):July 16, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 16 July 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00712a030https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00712a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views181Altmetric-Citations42LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Convex and non-convex illuminant constraints for dichromatic colour constancy (2005)

The dichromatic reflectance model introduced by S. Shafer (1985) predicts that the colour signals of most materials fall on a plane spanned by a vector due to the material and a vector that represents the scene illuminant. Since the illuminant is in the span of all dichromatic planes, colour constancy can be achieved by finding the intersection of two or more planes. Unfortunately, this approach has proven to be hard to get to work in practice. First, segmentation needs to be carried out and second, the actual intersection computation is quite unstable: small changes in the orientation of a dichromatic plane can significantly alter the location of the intersection point. We propose to ameliorate the instability problem by regularising the intersection. Specifically, we introduce a constraint on the colour of the illuminant. We show how the intersection problem in the context of convex and non-convex illuminant constraints, based on the distribution of common light sources, can be solved. This algorithm coupled with the simplest of segmentations results in good estimation results for a large set of real images. Estimation performance is significantly better than for the unconstrained algorithm.
Iridium‐Complex‐Functionalized Fe3O4/SiO2 Core/Shell Nanoparticles: A Facile Three‐in‐One System in Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Luminescence Imaging, and Photodynamic Therapy (2008)

Highly uniform Fe3O4/SiO2 core/shell nanoparticles functionalized by phosphorescent iridium complexes (Ir) have been strategically designed and synthesized. The Fe3O4/SiO2(Ir) nanocomposite demonstrates its versatility in various applications: the magnetic core provides the capability for magnetic resonance imaging and the great enhancement of the spin-orbit coupling in the iridium complex makes it well suited for phosphorescent labeling and simultaneous singlet oxygen generation to induce apoptosis.
Development of graphene FETs for high frequency electronics (2009)

Recent advances in fabricating, measuring, and modeling of top-gated graphene FETs for high-frequency electronics are reviewed. By improving the oxide deposition process and reducing series resistance, an intrinsic cut-off frequency as high as 50 GHz is achieved in a 350-nm-gate graphene FET at a drain bias of 0.8 V. This f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> value is the highest frequency reported to date for any graphene transistor, and it also exceeds that of Si MOSFETs at the same gate length, illustrating the potential of graphene for RF applications.
Poly-ligand profiling differentiates trastuzumab-treated breast cancer patients according to their outcomes (2018)

Abstract Assessing the phenotypic diversity underlying tumour progression requires the identification of variations in the respective molecular interaction networks. Here we report proof-of-concept for a platform called poly-ligand profiling (PLP) that surveys these system states and distinguishes breast cancer patients who did or did not derive benefit from trastuzumab. We perform tissue-SELEX on breast cancer specimens to enrich single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) libraries that preferentially interact with molecular components associated with the two clinical phenotypes. Testing of independent sample sets verifies the ability of PLP to classify trastuzumab-treated patients according to their clinical outcomes with ROC-AUC of 0.78. Standard HER2 testing of the same patients gives a ROC-AUC of 0.47. Kaplan–Meier analysis reveals a median increase in benefit from trastuzumab-containing treatments of 300 days for PLP-positive compared to PLP-negative patients. If prospectively validated, PLP may increase success rates in precision oncology and clinical trials, thus improving both patient care and drug development.