gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Studying Order Picking in an Operating Automobile Manufacturing Plant (2012)

Order picking is the process of collecting items from an assortment in inventory. In previous studies, we focused on carefully-controlled, internally-valid studies comparing the speed and accuracy of various versions of mobile order picking systems. However, such studies lack the ecological validity of testing on a manufacturing line with experienced employees fulfilling actual orders under time and accuracy constraints. In this work we discuss our experiences from planning and conducting a study in a large automobile company.
Addressing Uncertainty in the Environmental Analysis of Nickel Nanoparticle Production (2010)

In spite of the many potential benefits and applications of nanoparticles, concerns have been raised regarding their production, use, and ultimate fate due to poor process yields and uncertain health and environmental impacts. Production of commercial nanoparticles is growing as they find increasing use in industrial and consumer products. Nickel nanoparticles (NiNPs) have shown promise as a single element braze material, but the energy and material efficiencies of NiNP production remain uncertain. In this study, life cycle assessment (LCA) is employed to compare three different NiNP synthesis methods in terms of environmental impact. The study reveals challenges in using LCA to assess nanomanufacturing processes. Sensitivity analysis is performed across several process parameters to demonstrate an approach for addressing data uncertainties. The relative performance of the NiNP synthesis processes are discussed, and potential environmental implications for other NiNP synthesis processes are introduced. Policy change may be necessary to provide adequate transparency in assessing nanotechnologies for engineering applications.
Holographic MIMO Communications Under Spatially-Stationary Scattering (2020)

Holographic MIMO is a spatially-constrained MIMO system with a massive number of antennas, possibly thought of, in its ultimate form, as a spatially-continuous electromagnetic aperture. Accurate and tractable channel modeling is critical to understanding the full potential of this technology. This paper considers arbitrary spatially-stationary scattering and provides a 4D plane-wave representation in Cartesian coordinates, which captures the essence of electromagnetic propagation and allows to evaluate the capacity of Holographic MIMO systems with rectangular volumetric arrays. The developed framework generalizes the virtual channel representation, which was originally developed for uniform linear arrays.
Synthesis of Diazepino-fused Heterocycles: Reactions with 4-Chlorobutyl Isocyanate (1987)

Abstrad -The reactlon o f anthranilonitrile with 4-chlorobutyl isocyanate gives urea 1, which undergoes a double cycl~zatlon t o form 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro[1,31diazepino[l,2-dquinazolin-7(8E)-one, upon heating or t r e a t m e n t with a base.Similarly, t h e reaction o f 2-hydroxybenzonitrile with 4-chlorobutyl isocyanate and upon cyclization affords 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 -t e t r a h y d r o [ l , 3 l d i a z e p i n o [ l , 2 -~n z o x a z i n -7-one.Though 1 , 4 -b e n z o d i a z e ~l n e s l ' ~ have received intensive study since t h e early 1960s because of their 3 4 value in psychotherapy, 1 , j d i a z e p i n e s have received rather less attention even than their 1,2-isomers .Our interest in fused quinazolinones5'6 and 1,3-benzoxazinane?have led t o t h e synthesis of 1,3diazepines fused t o quinazolinones and 1,3-benzoxazinones with a wew t o unravelling their biological profiles.Further, very few isolated reports8 have appeared in literature on 1,3-diazepmes fused t o other heterocyclic rings compared t o an impressive armoury o f synthetic routes for fused 1,4benzodlazepine?'lO.This paper describes the reactions of anthranilonitrilesk and 2-hydroxybenzonitrile IC with 4-chlorobutyl isocyanate 2 which lead t o the formation of t h e 1,3-diazepina[l,2-~lquinazoline and 1,3-diazepino[l,2-~11,3lbenzoxazine ring systems respectively in a remarkably convenient and e f f m e n t manner.Reaction of la with 2 in a n aprotic solvent, such a s diethyl ether, dichloromethane and benzene yields t h e expected urea, 2-[3-(4-chlorobutyl)ureido]benzonitrile 2 in essentially quantitative yield.On heating, melts and ifs treatment with potassium bicarbonate (10% solution) gives 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-
Interpretation of a Vertical Seismic Profile Diffraction Occurring at a Basement–Sedimentary Cover Interface in the Rhine Graben, France (2018)

This chapter presents a case study from the Soultz-sous-Forets geothermal project in the Rhine Graben to delineate the sediment-basement interface using the complementarity between surface and downhole vertical seismic profile (VSP) seismic surveys. Seismic reflection data were acquired within the frame of hydrocarbon exploration projects, with relatively shallow reflectors for targets. Several P- and S-wave VSP surveys have been conducted within the basement to characterize its geothermal potential. In the data set acquired across the basement-sediment interface, a very energetic diffraction occurs around 0.9 s with an apex at 1745 m. Even though no horizontal component data are available, the fact that the signal is highly energetic on the vertical component suggests a horizontal propagation of vertically polarized S-waves. Despite limited constrains on the processes causing the diffraction, such an energetic signal can be generated by a structure whose dimensions and contrast in physical properties should be detectable in seismic reflection data.
Error-correcting training for phoneme spotting (1992)

Error-correcting training is extended to spotting algorithms. An error measure for spotting tasks is defined, and the derivatives of that error with respect to the parameters of the spotter are derived. The derivatives are computed by modifying the backward pass of the forward-backward algorithm. The training algorithm is applicable to any hidden Markov model (HMM)-based classification task in which a frame-by-frame classifier error can be defined. Here it is applied to phoneme spotting. Preliminary experimental results have been obtained for spotting the phonemes mod r mod , mod s mod , mod t mod in the TIMIT database. Error-correcting training generally improved the spotter accuracy, reducing the miss rate by up to 30%.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A D-band, High Switching Speed, Differential Reflection-Type Phase Shifter in 250-nm InP HBT (2022)

A high switching speed differential reflection-type phase shifter (RTPS) is presented for operation in D-band. A differential topology is adopted to isolate the RF signal leaking through the control path as well as employing a virtual ground for wider control bandwidth. Fabricated in a 250-nm InP HBT process, the 360° phase shift range is achieved across 110 GHz - 163 GHz with two cascaded RTPS stages. The measured insertion loss at 110 GHz is -13.4±5dB with modulation bandwidth of 5 GHz.
Localization and estrogenic regulation of androgen receptor mRNA expression in the mouse uterus and vagina (2004)

Androgen receptors (AR) are highly expressed in female reproductive organs. In order to define the possible involvement of estrogens in the regulation of AR expression in the uterus and vagina, we have studied the effect of short-term administration of 17beta-estradiol (E2) to ovariectomized adult mice on AR mRNA levels. Seven days after ovariectomy, the mice received a single injection of E2 (0.05 microg/mouse) 3, 12 or 24 h before they were killed. The levels of AR mRNA were measured in the different uterine and vaginal compartments using quantitative in situ hybridization. In the uterus, AR mRNA was expressed in the luminal and glandular epithelial cells, stromal cells and smooth muscle cells. In the vagina, AR mRNA was localized in both epithelial and stromal cells. In the uterus after ovariectomy, AR mRNA levels were decreased by 18% in the epithelial cells, 23% in the stromal cells and 50% in the myometrial cells. AR mRNA levels were completely restored as early as 3 h after E2 administration in the epithelium and stroma, and at the 12-h time-interval in the myometrium. In the vaginal epithelium, ovariectomy induced a 70% decrease in AR mRNA expression. No effect could be detected 3 h after E2 administration, while at the longest time-intervals (12 and 24 h) there was an increase in mRNA levels corresponding to 70% of the levels observed in intact animals. In the vaginal stroma, ovariectomy was responsible for a 55% decrease in mRNA levels. While no significant changes were observed at the 3-h time-interval, a complete restoration of AR mRNA levels in stromal cells could be recorded at the longest time-intervals after E2 administration. The data obtained indicated that, in adult mice, estrogens exert a positive regulation of AR mRNA expression in the different compartments of both the uterus and the vagina.
Multiscale Statistical Models for Signal and Image Processing (2004)

Abstract : We are developing a general theory for multi scale signal and image modeling, processing, and analysis that matched to singularity-rich data, such as transients and images with edges. Using a linguistic analogy, our model can be interpreted as grammars that constrain the wavelet vocabulary. Our investigation focuses on probabilistic graph models (tree-based hidden Markov models) that can accurately, realistically, and efficiently represent singularity structure in the wavelet domain. Grammar design is being guided by a detailed study of the final structure of singularities using Besov spaces and multifractal analysis.
Multislice CT Angiography of Fenestrated Endovascular Stent Grafting for Treating Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms: a Pictorial Review of the 2D/3D Visualizations (2009)

Fenestrated endovascular repair of an abdominal aortic aneurysm has been developed to treat patients with a short or complicated aneurysm neck. Fenestration involves creating an opening in the graft fabric to accommodate the orifice of the vessel that is targeted for preservation. Fixation of the fenestration to the renal arteries and the other visceral arteries can be done by implanting bare or covered stents across the graft-artery ostia interfaces so that a portion of the stent protrudes into the aortic lumen. Accurate alignment of the targeted vessels in a longitudinal aspect is hard to achieve during stent deployment because rotation of the stent graft may take place during delivery from the sheath. Understanding the 3D relationship of the aortic branches and the fenestrated vessel stents following fenestration will aid endovascular specialists to evaluate how the stent graft is situated within the aorta after placement of fenestrations. The aim of this article is to provide the 2D and 3D imaging appearances of the fenestrated endovascular grafts that were implanted in a group of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms, based on the multislice CT angiography. The potential applications of each visualization technique were explored and compared with the 2D axial images.
Quantification and Real-Time Tracking of RNA in Live Cells Using Sticky-Flares* (2020)

We report a novel spherical nucleic acid (SNA) gold nanoparticle conjugate, termed the Sticky-flare, which enables facile quantification of RNA expression in live cells and spatiotemporal analysis of RNA transport and localization. The Sticky-flare is capable of entering live cells without the need for transfection agents and recognizing target 1762RNA transcripts in a sequence-specific manner. On recognition, the Sticky-flare transfers a fluorophore-conjugated reporter to the transcript, resulting in a turning on of fluorescence in a quantifiable manner and the fluorescent labeling of targeted transcripts. The latter allows the RNA to be tracked via fluorescence microscopy as it is transported throughout the cell. We use this novel nanoconjugate to analyze the expression level and spatial distribution of β-actin mRNA in HeLa cells and to observe the real-time transport of β-actin mRNA in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Furthermore, we investigate the application of Stickyflares for tracking transcripts that undergo more extensive compartmentalization by fluorophore-labeling U1 small nuclear RNA and observing its distribution in the nucleus of live cells.
AN INTELLIGENT SYSTEM FOR MANAGING AND UTILIZING INFORMATION RESOURCES OVER THE INTERNET (2002)

The Internet is a vast, semi-structured information repository that is expanding ever-faster with two alarming results. First, finding information is becoming increasingly difficult, and second, the management of such information resources is also becoming more complex. We have developed an Intelligent Distributed Information Management System (IDIoMS) to solve these problems. IDIoMS provides a comprehensive set of tools for personalized information delivery, and a platform that enables straightforward management of distributed information resources using agent technologies. These agents enable the sharing, management, search, and presentation of useful information that is widely distributed over a network such as the Internet. IDIoMS benefits users through the automatic provision of timely and relevant information with minimal need for users to search for that information. In addition, the system also benefits service providers through the plug-and-play provision of information services that minimizes the overhead needed to make their service widely available. This paper describes the concept and the architecture of IDIoMS and discusses its utility through three field trials.
Precise diagnosis and treatment (2009)

The more knees wear out the more they hurt—this is the message from a clinical epidemiology group in Boston.1 But that is not the whole story. The radiographic paper published by the …
Cavernous malformation of the facial colliculus (2002)

A 33-year-old woman presented with acute-onset diplopia and facial droop. Examination revealed a complete left lateral gaze palsy. The eyes could not be driven past midline to the left with rapid head rotation, opticokinetic drum, smooth pursuit, …
Supplementary Figure S5 from Small-Molecule ONC201/TIC10 Targets Chemotherapy-Resistant Colorectal Cancer Stem–like Cells in an Akt/Foxo3a/TRAIL–Dependent Manner (2023)

&lt;p&gt;ONC201/TIC10 induces DR5 in bulk tumor cells and CSCs.&lt;/p&gt;
A detailed analysis of methylmalonic acid kinetics during hemodialysis and after combined liver/kidney transplantation in a patient with mut0 methylmalonic acidemia (2014)

End stage kidney disease is a well-known complication of methylmalonic acidemia (MMA), and can be treated by dialysis, kidney transplant, or combined kidney-liver transplant. While liver and/or kidney transplantation in MMA may reduce the risk of metabolic crisis and end-organ disease, it does not fully prevent disease-related complications. We performed detailed metabolite and kinetic analyses in a 28-year-old patient with mut (0) MMA who underwent hemodialysis for 6 months prior to receiving a combined liver/kidney transplant. A single hemodialysis session led to a 54 % reduction in plasma methylmalonic acid and yielded a plasma clearance of 103 ml/min and VD0.48 L/kg, which approximates the total body free water space. This was followed by rapid reaccumulation of methylmalonic acid over 24 h to the predialysis concentration in the plasma. Following combined liver/kidney transplantation, the plasma methylmalonic acid was reduced to 3 % of pre-dialysis levels (6,965 ± 1,638 (SD) μmol/L and 234 ± 100 (SD) μmol/L) but remained >850× higher than the upper limit of normal (0.27 ± 0.08 (SD) μmol/L). Despite substantial post-operative metabolic improvement, the patient developed significant neurologic complications including acute worsening of vision in the setting of pre-existing bilateral optic neuropathy, generalized seizures, and a transient, focal leukoencephalopathy. Plasma methylmalonic acid was stable throughout the post-operative course. The biochemical parameters exhibited by this patient further define the whole body metabolism of methylmalonic acid in the setting of dialysis and subsequent combined liver/kidney transplant.
Synthesis of Building Blocks for Solid-Phase Introduction of Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic Acid (DTPA) to Oligonucleotides and Oligopeptides (2006)

Synthesis of building blocks that allow site-specific incorporation of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) to oligonucleotides and oligopeptides using phosphoramidite and Fmoc chemistries, respectively, is described.
Supp Figure 1 from Preclinical Characterization of G1T28: A Novel CDK4/6 Inhibitor for Reduction of Chemotherapy-Induced Myelosuppression (2023)

&lt;p&gt;RB status is a reliable biomarker for CDK4/6 dependence and therefore G1T28 responsiveness in vitro.&lt;/p&gt;
Highly Selective Hydroformylation of the Cinchona Alkaloids (2002)

The four naturally occurring cinchona alkaloids were subjected to hydroformylation to create an extra functional group that allows immobilization. Cinchonidine, quinine, and quinidine, could be hydroformylated with virtually complete terminal selectivity, using a rhodium/tetraphosphite catalyst. The cinchonidine aldehyde was reduced to the alcohol and subjected to reductive amination with benzylamine.
The ISIS-TTRRx-CS2 phase 3 study in patients with familial amyloid polyneuropathy: Baseline results of the first 100 patients for the NIS, NIS+7 and mNIS+7 using different methods of scoring: identification of consistencies and key differences (2015)

Background Familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP) is a devastating disease with continuous progression over time leading to complete disability, bedridden status, and ultimately death within 10 to 15 years from symptom onset. In order to document disease progression, it is necessary to have valid instruments which allow assessment of the severity of the sensory, motor and autonomic neuropathy components of the disease. Over the last decades, multiple related instruments have been used and modifications developed to measure disease progression in FAP patients in clinical trial settings. These include the Neuropathy Impairment Score (NIS), originally called Neuropathy Disability Score, the Neuropathy Impairment Score for the Lower Limbs (NIS-LL), the Neuropathy Impairment Score +7 (NIS+7) and the modified NIS +7 (mNIS+7). The NIS scores were first used to quantitate neuropathic impairment in a series of therapeutic trials in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy and were also used as primary endpoints in clinical trials for FAP in the completed diflunisal (NIS+7) and tafamidis (NIS-LL) Phase 3 trials. Building on experience from these trials, modifications to the NIS+7 were developed (Suanprasert et al, 2014, J Neurol Sci) and are currently being applied in the ongoing ISIS-TTRRx-CS2 (mNIS+7 Isis) and patisiran (mNIS+7 ALN) Phase 3 trials. Even though the mNIS+7 Isis and mNIS+7 ALN scores are very similar, they are not identical. The details in the assessment and scoring for the various versions of the NIS based scores are described and their scoring methods applied to baseline data collected on the first 100 patients in the ISIS-TTRRx-CS2 trial to better understand and illustrate the key differences.
Circulating Human Heat Shock Protein 60 in the Plasma of British Civil Servants (2002)

The majority of participants exhibited Hsp60 in their plasma, and there was evidence of an association between levels of this stress protein and the proinflammatory cytokine, TNFalpha, and with various psychosocial measures.
Carbon-carbon Bond Forming Reactions of μ-Vinylcarbenedipalladium Complexes (1999)

Abstract μ-η3-Vinyl(phenyl)carbenedipalladium complex reacted with tetraphenyltin to give a η3-diphenylallylpalladium complex through reductive elimination, and with internal alkynes to give μ-η2:η3-dienylcarbene complexes through migratory insertion.
Eldfellite, NaFe(SO4)2: an intercalation cathode host for low-cost Na-ion batteries (2015)

The mineral eldfellite, NaFe(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>, is characterized as a potential cathode for a Na-ion battery that can be fabricated in charged-state.
Electrochemical, EPR, and Magnetic Studies on Microcrystals of the [C60⊂(p-Benzyl-calix[5]arene)2]•8Toluene and Its One-Electron-Reduced Encapsulation Complex (2000)

The electrochemical behavior of microcrystals of the [C60⊂(p-benzyl-calix[5]arene)2]•8toluene (referred to as C60⊂L2) encapsulation complex adhered to electrode surfaces in contact with CH3CN (electrolyte) has been studied using cyclic voltammetric and microgravimetric techniques. Six successive one-electron reduction processes, of which the first two have chemically reversible characteristics, are observed at a glassy carbon electrode when large Bu4N+ cations are used as the electrolyte, although dissolution of the reduced solid into the bulk solution also accompanies the reduction processes. Under the same conditions but with an electrolyte containing much smaller Li+, Na+, or Ba2+ cations, all reduction processes were found to be chemically irreversible. These chemically reversible/irreversible reduction processes are attributed to the reversible/irreversible intercalation processes of large/small electrolyte cations into the lattice of C60⊂L2 crystals. In EPR studies, the g values of 2.0020 ± 0.0002 at 293 K and 2.0022 ± 0.0002 at 77 K found for reduced solid [C60⊂L2]•- containing Ba2+ cations suggest that significant fullerene structure distortion is present in this one-electron-reduced form of solid. Magnetic measurements indicated that extensive unpaired electron delocalization may occur within the structure of this reduced [C60⊂L2]•- solid and that the reduced solid is relatively stable in air. Data show that the interactions between C60 and the calix[5]arene to form an encapsulation complex are sufficiently strong that free one-electron-reduced C60 anions are not produced even during the course of reduction, as is the case with previously studied C60 host−guest complexes.
An Industrial Perspective on Counter Anions in Gold Catalysis: Underestimated with Respect to “Ligand Effects” (2018)

Abstract The conversion of a variety of well‐known test reactions, representing the key reactivity patterns of gold catalysis, were analyzed by GC and 1 H NMR. The study is focused on establishing of a strategical approach for the consideration of ligand influence and counter anion influence during the catalyst optimization including an industrial perspective. The study shows a dominance of the counter anion, a dominance which up to now has been neglected in most of the routine screenings. In addition, a drastic substrate‐dependency became obvious, even a marginal variation of the substrate already could strongly effect the catalytic activity and change the optimal counter anion or ligand. Based on the collected data a strategic concept for an efficient screening for a specific substrate is introduced, this concept can serve as an important guideline for catalyst optimization in homogeneous gold catalysis. magnified image
Gilteritinib overcomes lorlatinib resistance in ALK-rearranged cancer (2021)

ALK gene rearrangement was observed in 3%-5% of non-small cell lung cancer patients, and multiple ALK-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been sequentially used. Multiple ALK-TKI resistance mutations have been identified from the patients, and several compound mutations, such as I1171N + F1174I or I1171N + L1198H are resistant to all the approved ALK-TKIs. In this study, we found that gilteritinib has an inhibitory effect on ALK-TKI-resistant single mutants and I1171N compound mutants in vitro and in vivo. Surprisingly, EML4-ALK I1171N + F1174I compound mutant-expressing tumors were not completely shrunk but regrew within a short period of time after alectinib or lorlatinib treatment. However, the relapsed tumor was markedly shrunk after switching to the gilteritinib in vivo model. In addition, gilteritinib was effective against NTRK-rearranged cancers including entrectinib-resistant NTRK1 G667C-mutant and ROS1 fusion-positive cancer.