gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF TWO NEW BACTERIOCHLOROPHYLLS D BEARING NEOPENTYL SUBSTITUENTS (1983)

Abstract Die beiden neuen Bacteriopheophorbide (I) (bzw. Bacteriochlorophylle vor saurer Hydrolyse mit Zentral‐Mg‐Atom und Farnesyl anstelle Methyl in der Estergruppe) werden chromatographisch (HPLC) abgetrennt und durch ihre MS‐ und NMR‐Spektren charakterisiert.
Abstract 3292: The potential chemomodulatory effects of didox and resveratrol on doxorubicin in colon cancer cells. (2013)

Abstract Resveratrol and didox are polyhydroxy phenols that possess potential anticancer and chemosensitizing effects. The efficacy of doxorubicin in the treatment of colorectal cancer is limited by multi-drug resistance. Herein, we have assessed the chemomodulatory effect of resveratrol and didox on doxorubicin in colorectal cancer cell lines (HCT116 and HT29). Furthermore, we have investigated the molecular aspects of this interaction. Resveratrol was found to possess anti-cancer properties; however with a relatively low potency in HCT116 (IC50 = 17.5 μM) and HT29 (IC50 = 187 μM). IC50 values of Didox in HCT 116 and HT29 was 105 μM and 501 μM, respectively. In terms of Doxorubicin, the IC50-values were 0.96 μM and 0.88 μM in HCT116 and HT29, respectively. Resveratrol combination with doxorubicin significantly reduced its IC50-values to 0.59 μM in HCT116, and to 0.49 μM in HT29. Moreover, Didox combination significantly increased the potency of doxorubicin showing IC50 shift to 0.4 μM in HCT116, and to 0.29 μM in HT29. The combination between doxorubicin and resveratrol/didox in HCT116 and HT29 was found to be additive (combination index ranged from 0.8-1.2). The pro-apoptotic genes, p53 and bax, were markedly elevated after combination of doxorubicin with resveratrol or didox in both HCT116. On the other hand, the anti apoptotic genes, bcl2 and bclx, were downregulated. Caspase-3 concentration revealed marked increase due to combination of didox with doxorubicin in both cell lines. On the other hand, resveratrol combination with doxorubicin showed marginal elevation of caspase-3 concentration in HT-29 cells while marked elevation in HCT116 cells. In conclusion, didox and resveratrol potentiated the efficacy of doxorubicin in colorectal cancer cell lines. Citation Format: Sahar A. Khaleel, Ahmed M. Al-Abd, Azza A. Ali, Ashraf B. Abdel-Naim. The potential chemomodulatory effects of didox and resveratrol on doxorubicin in colon cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3292. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3292
Micron-sized, high aspect ratio bulk silicon micromechanical devices (1992)

The fabrication of high-aspect-ratio microstructures having widths of approximately=1 mu m and thicknesses exceeding 10 mu m for application in a variety of microsensors and microactuators is reported. The fabrication process utilizes deep etching of fine features into boron-diffused bulk silicon wafers using chlorine- and fluorine-based reactive ion etching techniques. These wafers are then electrostatically bonded to glass wafers which have been previously patterned with metal interconnect. The wafers are finally etched in an ethylenediamine pyrocatechol solution that frees the microstructures. The process requires a total of three masking steps (two for silicon and one for glass), is single-sided, and has high yield. Structures with thickness-to-width ratios greater than 10:1 have been fabricated using this process. Electrical measurements have shown that very large deflections (>7 mu m) are possible at voltages as low as 25 V.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Francisella tularensis:Taxonomy, Genetics, and Immunopathogenesis of a Potential Agent of Biowarfare (2006)

Tularemia is a zoonosis of humans caused by infection with the facultative intracellular bacterium Francisella tularensis. Interest in F. tularensis has increased markedly in the past few years because of its potential use as an agent of bioterrorism. Five subspecies of this organism are found in the Northern hemisphere, but only F. tularensis subsp. tularensis and subsp. holarctica cause disease in humans. This review summarizes what is known about the pathogenesis of tularemia with a focus on bacterial surface components such as lipopolysaccharide and capsule as well as information obtained from the F. tularensis subsp. tularensis SCHU S4 genome. In particular, the mechanisms of action of recently identified virulence factors are discussed in the context of bacterial replication in macrophages and manipulation of the host inflammatory response. Throughout this report, shared and unique features of F. tularensis subsp. tularensis, subsp. holarctica, and subsp. novicida are discussed.
Vire-Effect: Via-Resistance Induced Recombination Enhancement-The Origin of Reduced Fill Factors of Emitter Wrap Through Solar Cells (2009)

Emitter wrap through solar cells (EWT) are known for exhibiting low fill factors (FF). In this contribution we explain the FF losses by a three-dimensional EWT simulation model. The origin of reduced FF of EWT solar cells can be explained by Via-resistance Induced Recombination Enhancement (VIRE-effect). A voltage drop along the EWT-via emitter enhances the injection of minority carriers at the front pn-junction which causes higher recombination currents compared to those at the rear pn-junction. We explain the principle how the VIREeffect leads to a deformation of the I-V characteristics and discuss its influence by showing 3d-simulation regimes.
A fundamental study on the evaluation and applicability as a mixed-mode fracture criterion of crack energy density in an arbitrary direction. (1989)

It has previously been shown that crack energy density can be defined in any direction at a crack tip without any restrictions on constitutive equations. The crack energy density, εφ, in an arbitrary direction can be divided into the contributions of each mode (εφ=εIφ+εIIφ+εIII φ;εIφ, εII φandεIII φare the contributions of modes I, II and III, respectively), which can be evaluated by path-independent integrals corresponding to each. These are defined for a completely sharp crack as the limits where the notch root radius ρ approaches zero in a notch model. Therefore, it is necessary to use a notch model with a sufficiently small value of ρ in evaluations of the quantities through FEM. In this paper, εφandεIφ are evaluated by path-independent integrals through elastic-plastic finite element analyses varying the value of ρ, and we discuss which of ρ should be adopted in evaluations of them. Moreover, by applying these results to an experimental result of ductile fracture under a mixed mode, we show thatI is a potential parameter for expressing elastic-plastic fracture criterion under a mixed mode.
Machine transliteration using target-language grapheme and phoneme (2009)

This paper describes our approach to "NEWS 2009 Machine Transliteration Shared Task." We built multiple transliteration engines based on different combinations of two transliteration models and three machine learning algorithms. Then, the outputs from these transliteration engines were combined using re-ranking functions. Our method was applied to all language pairs in "NEWS 2009 Machine Transliteration Shared Task." The official results of our standard runs were ranked the best for four language pairs and the second best for three language pairs.
Polymers for the controlled release of macromolecules: Effect of molecular weight of ethylene‐vinyl acetate copolymer (1985)

Matrices composed of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVAc) have been used for controlled delivery of macromolecular bioactive agents. Three EVAc samples of different molecular weight (MW) were selected from solution fractionated samples. The polymer MW is a sensitive factor in affecting the release rate of bovine serum albumin (BSA); the higher the MW of EVAc, the slower the release rate. Depending on the degree of hydrophilicity of the device, the relatively hydrophilic drug particles would cause various degrees of swelling pressure upon water uptake. The relatively hydrophobic EVAc carrier would impose different degrees of restrictive force as determined by polymer MW. The interaction between the restrictive force of the carrier and the swelling pressure of the drug particles is a key factor in affecting the drug release kinetics. As a result, the selection of the polymer carrier can be used to affect the kinetics of a controlled release device.
Determination of the Individual Strain-Optic Coefficients of Glass by an Ultrasonic Technique (1968)

A method for determining the individual strain-optic coefficients of transparent materials is described. It utilizes a composite piezoelectric resonator inserted in one arm of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer to give rise to a time varying interference pattern. The coefficients are deduced from the modulation of the interference pattern. The Pockels elastooptic constants for several optical glasses at 6328 A have been found by this method and these values have been analyzed in terms of nonlinear polarizabilities and lattice contributions. An estimate of the nonlinear strain polarizabilities for the oxygen, sulfur, and lead ions has been obtained.
A novel flavonol glycoside in the leaves of Epimedium sempervirens. (1989)

A new flavonol glycoside with two acetyl groups, sempervirenoside A, was isolated from the leaves of Epimedium sempervirens NAKAI. The structure of sempervirenoside A was established to be 3-O-[3-O-acetyl-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)-4-O-acetyl-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl]-7-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-3, 5, 7-trihydroxy-4'-methoxy-8-(3-methyl-2-butenyl) flavone by ultraviolet, fast atomic bombardment mass, and proton and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectral studies.
High-average-power semiconductor laser arrays and laser array packaging with an emphasis on pumping solid state lasers (1994)

In recent years there has been an evolution in interest in semiconductor laser technology from exploring the performance limits of single devices of inherently low power to exploiting the potential of large arrays of devices of much higher power. While the low-power semiconductor devices are a proven component in many commercial systems, it is clear that a number of applications also exist for high-power arrays and that semiconductor-laser researchers are now poised to tackle them.
Phytopharmaceuticals. Part 1. Antifungal Activity of Selected Iranian and Canadian Plants (1998)

Crude extracts from 40 Iranian and Canadian plants were tested for their antifungal activity against several species of Aspergillus, Candida, and Cryptococcus. Of the 40 plant extracts, 26 (65%) showed activity against at least one fungal strain. The extracts with the most wide spectrum of activity were related to Diplotaenia damavandica, Heracleum persicum, Sanguisorba minor, and Zataria multiflora. The high percentage of activity among the studied plants might be attributed to the non-random nature of the selection. A total number of eight factors was used to select the plants in this study. Cytotoxicity test in KB cells was performed on some of the most promising plant extracts. Diplotaenia damavandica and Bunium persicum were found to exhibit the lowest cytotoxicity among the plants studied.
Highly linear SOI single-pole, 4-throw switch with an integrated dual-band LNA and bypass attenuators (2010)

An innovative Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) SP4T T/R switch is presented. The SP4T switch consists of 2 receive paths with an integrated dual-band LNA and bypass attenuators along with 2 high linearity matched transmit paths. Tx paths feature 0.1 dB compression to 34 dBm input power and 0.5–0.8 dB insertion loss from 1 to 6 GHz with ≫ 20 dB return loss and ≫ 25 dB isolation. Receive paths feature 16 dB gain with 2.3 dB NF for 2.4–2.5 GHz and 14 dB gain with 2.4–2.6 dB NF for 4.9–5.9 GHz. The band selectivity exceeds 40 dB. Cascading with a dual-band WLAN PA, a complex dual-band WLAN/MIMO front-end module (FEM) can be easily constructed with low assembly complexity and post PA losses resulting in dual-band transmit linearity ≫18 dBm with EVM ≪ 3% and ≪ −50 dBm/MHz harmonic emissions within a 4 × 5 mm QFN package.
Metabolic profiling stratifies colorectal cancer and reveals adenosylhomocysteinase as a therapeutic target (2023)

With colorectal cancer (CRC) being the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide 1 , there is an urgent need for better diagnostic tools and new, more targeted therapies. Here we used genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs), and multimodal mass spectrometry-based metabolomics to study the impact of common genetic drivers of CRC on the metabolic landscape of the intestine. We show that unsupervised metabolic profiling can stratify intestinal tissues according to underlying genetic alterations, and use mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) to identify tumour, stromal and normal adjacent tissues. By identifying ions that drive variation between normal and transformed tissues, we found dysregulation of the methionine cycle to be a hallmark of APC-mutant CRC, and propose one of its enzymes, i.e. adenosylhomocysteinase (AHCY), as a new therapeutic target. Collectively, we show that the profound genotype-dependent alterations in both lipid and small molecule metabolism in CRC may be exploited for tissue classification with no need for ion identification, and we applied further data analysis to expose a novel metabolic vulnerability of CRC.
Allosteric Site on SHIP2 Identified Through Fluorescent Ligand Screening and Crystallography: A Potential New Target for Intervention (2021)

Src homology 2 domain-containing inositol phosphate phosphatase 2 (SHIP2) is one of the 10 human inositol phosphate 5-phosphatases. One of its physiological functions is dephosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate, PtdIns(3,4,5)P<sub>3</sub>. It is therefore a therapeutic target for pathophysiologies dependent on PtdIns(3,4,5)P<sub>3</sub> and PtdIns(3,4)P<sub>2</sub>. Therapeutic interventions are limited by the dearth of crystallographic data describing ligand/inhibitor binding. An active site-directed fluorescent probe facilitated screening of compound libraries for SHIP2 ligands. With two additional orthogonal assays, several ligands including galloflavin were identified as low micromolar Ki inhibitors. One ligand, an oxo-linked ethylene-bridged dimer of benzene 1,2,4-trisphosphate, was shown to be an uncompetitive inhibitor that binds to a regulatory site on the catalytic domain. We posit that binding of ligands to this site restrains L4 loop motions that are key to interdomain communications that accompany high catalytic activity with phosphoinositide substrate. This site may, therefore, be a future druggable target for medicinal chemistry.
Vaccine Efficacy of Fusogenic Liposomes Containing Tumor Cell-Lysate against Murine B16BL6 Melanoma (2006)

Recent advances in tumor immunology have facilitated the development of cancer immunotherapy targeting tumor-associated antigens (TAAs). However, because TAAs were identified in only a few types of human cancer, novel vaccine strategies that utilize tumor cell-lysate (TCL), including unidentified TAAs as an antigen source, are needed. Herein, we describe the utility of fusogenic liposomes (FLs) as TCL-delivery carriers for both ex vivo dendritic cell-based vaccination and in vivo direct immunization in the murine B16BL6 melanoma model. As a result, both in vivo direct immunization and ex vivo immunization induced anti-B16 melanoma prophylactic effects. Ex vivo dendritic cell (DC)-mediated vaccination strategy exert more potent anti-tumor effect than direct immunization. Our results suggest that this flexible system is a promising approach for the development of versatile cancer immunotherapy regimes.
Jointly Learned Symbol Detection and Signal Reflection in RIS-Aided Multi-user MIMO Systems (2022)

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RISs) are regarded as a key technology for future wireless communications, enabling programmable radio propagation environments. However, the passive reflecting feature of RISs induces notable challenges on channel estimation, making coherent symbol detection a challenging task. In this paper, we consider the uplink of RIS-aided multi-user Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) systems and propose a Machine Learning (ML) approach to jointly design the multi-antenna receiver and configure the RIS reflection coefficients, which does not require explicit full knowledge of the channel input-output relationship. Our approach devises a ML-based receiver, while the configurations of the RIS reflection patterns affecting the underlying propagation channel are treated as hyperparameters. Based on this system design formulation, we propose a Bayesian ML framework for optimizing the RIS hyperparameters, according to which the transmitted pilots are directly used to jointly tune the RIS and the multi-antenna receiver. Our simulation results demonstrate the capability of the proposed approach to provide reliable communications in non-linear channel conditions corrupted by Gaussian noise.
PPARɣ Agonist Pioglitazone and Synthetic Surfactant Protein B Mimic B‐YL Prevents Hyperoxia‐Induced Lung Injury in Adult Mice (2021)

Purpose of Study Acute lung injury (ALI) and its severe form, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are serious conditions and often life threatening. ALI and ARDS are characterized by acute alveolar injury, disrupted epithelial‐mesenchymal signaling, oxidative stress, and surfactant dysfunction. Previously we demonstrated that perturbation in TGF‐β and wingless/Int (Wnt) signaling pathways, known to be involved in perinatal lung development and hyperoxia‐induced rat lung injury, was ameliorated by pioglitazone and B‐YL, a novel synthetic surfactant, in neonatal rats. However, whether this approach can be extended to be effective in adult lung injury is unknown. We hypothesize that by stabilizing alveolar homeostasis, combined PPARγ agonist PGZ and oxidant resistant synthetic surfactant B‐YL can be a unified approach to block hyperoxia‐induced lung injury not only in neonates but also in adults. Methods Used 3 to 6 months old C57BL/6 adult mice lungs were harvested. Lung explants were placed in 15% FBS/Weymouth medium and exposed ex‐vivo to 21% or 95% O 2 for 24 or 72h. Treatment groups included: 1) untreated control; 2) B‐YL (100 mg/kg); 3) PGZ (1 mg/kg); and 4) B‐YL (100 mg/kg)+PGZ (1 mg/kg). Wnt signaling (LEF‐1 and β‐catenin), TGF‐β signaling (Alk5 and SMAD3), and apoptosis (BAX) markers were determined by Western analysis. Inflammatory cytokines (IL6, IL1β, TNFα, and MCP1) were measured by qRT‐PCR. Summary of Results Hyperoxia exposure resulted in significant increases in lung injury and apoptosis markers including the upregulation of Wnt and TGF‐β pathway proteins . PGZ+ B‐YL treated group showed significant amelioration of hyperoxia‐induced alterations in these injury markers, including Wnt (LEF‐1 and β‐catenin) and TGF‐β (ALK‐5) pathway proteins (vs. 95% O 2 control group). Similarly, hyperoxia‐induced increases in IL6, IL1β, TNFα, and MCP1 were blocked in B‐YL alone, as well as PGZ+B‐YL treated groups. Conclusions Effectiveness of combined PGZ+B‐YL in blocking hyperoxia‐ induced lung injury ex‐vivo sets the stage to test this therapeutic approach for adult lung injury in vivo.
Interleukin 30 to Interleukin 40 (2018)

Cytokines are important molecules that regulate the ontogeny and function of the immune system. They are small secreted proteins usually produced upon activation of cells of the immune system, including lymphocytes and myeloid cells. Many cytokines have been described, and several have been recognized as pivotal players in immune responses and in human disease. In fact, several anticytokine antibodies have proven effective therapeutics, especially in various autoimmune diseases. In the last 15 years, new cytokines have been described, and many remain poorly understood. Among the most recent cytokines discovered are interleukins-30 (IL-30) to IL-40. Several of these are members of other cytokine superfamilies, including several IL-1 superfamily members (IL-33, IL-36, IL-37, and IL-38) as well as several new members of the IL-12 family (IL-30, IL-35, and IL-39). The rest (IL-31, IL-32, IL-34, and IL-40) are encoded by genes that do not belong to any cytokine superfamily. Our aim of this review was to present a concise version of the information available on these novel cytokines to facilitate their understanding by members of the immunological community.
Publisher Correction: Pharmacological reactivation of MYC-dependent apoptosis induces susceptibility to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy (2019)

The original version of this Article contained an error in Fig. 7. In panel b, the survival curves were shifted relative to the y axis. This error has been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
Interactions between human defensins and lipid bilayers: Evidence for formation of multimeric pores (1994)

Defensins comprise a family of broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptides that are stored in the cytoplasmic granules of mammalian neutrophils and Paneth cells of the small intestine. Neutrophil defensins are known to permeabilize cell membranes of susceptible microorganisms, but the mechanism of permeabilization is uncertain. We report here the results of an investigation of the mechanism by which HNP-2, one of 4 human neutrophil defensins, permeabilizes large unilamellar vesicles formed from the anionic lipid palmitoyloleoylphosphatidylglycerol (POPG). As observed by others, we find that HNP-2 (net charge = +3) cannot bind to vesicles formed from neutral lipids. The binding of HNP-2 to vesicles containing varying amounts of POPG and neutral (zwitterionic) palmitoyloleoylphosphatidylcholine (POPC) demonstrates that binding is initiated through electrostatic interactions. Because vesicle aggregation and fusion can confound studies of the interaction of HNP-2 with vesicles, those processes were explored systematically by varying the concentrations of vesicles and HNP-2, and the POPG:POPC ratio. Vesicles (300 microM POPG) readily aggregated at HNP-2 concentrations above 1 microM, but no mixing of vesicle contents could be detected for concentrations as high as 2 microM despite the fact that intervesicular lipid mixing could be demonstrated. This indicates that if fusion of vesicles occurs, it is hemi-fusion, in which only the outer monolayers mix at bilayer contact sites. Under conditions of limited aggregation and intervesicular lipid mixing, the fractional leakage of small solutes is a sigmoidal function of peptide concentration. For 300 microM POPG vesicles, 50% of entrapped solute is released by 0.7 microM HNP-2. We introduce a simple method for determining whether leakage from vesicles is graded or all-or-none. We show by means of this fluorescence "requenching" method that native HNP-2 induces vesicle leakage in an all-or-none manner, whereas reduced HNP-2 induces partial, or graded, leakage of vesicle contents. At HNP-2 concentrations that release 100% of small (approximately 400 Da) markers, a fluorescent dextran of 4,400 Da is partially retained in the vesicles, and a 18,900-Da dextran is mostly retained. These results suggest that HNP-2 can form pores that have a maximum diameter of approximately 25 A. A speculative multimeric model of the pore is presented based on these results and on the crystal structure of a human defensin.