gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vascular Invasion in Infiltrating Ductal Adenocarcinoma of the Pancreas Can Mimic Pancreatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia (2011)

Although vascular invasion is a well-established indicator of poor prognosis for patients with infiltrating ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas (PDAC), the histopathologic characteristics of vascular invasion are not well described. Hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides from 209 surgically resected infiltrating PDACs were systematically evaluated for the presence or absence of microscopic vascular invasion. For the cases with vascular invasion, we further categorized the histologic pattern of invasion into conventional and pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia-like (PanIN-like). In addition, several histopathologic factors in the surrounding blood vessels, including lymphocytic infiltration and luminal fibrosis, were carefully assessed. Data were compared with clinicopathologic variables, including patient survival. Microscopic vascular invasion was observed in 136 of the 209 PDACs (65.1%). Vascular invasion mimicking pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN-like invasion) was observed in 94 of the 136 cases (69.1%) with vascular invasion. Microscopic vascular invasion was associated with increased tumor size (P=0.04), higher pT classification (P=0.003), lymph node metastasis (P<0.0001), and perineural invasion (P=0.005). Vascular invasion was inversely correlated with neo-adjuvant therapy (P<0.0001). Examination of adjacent blood vessels revealed that peritumoral blood vessels with intimal lymphocytes (P=0.002), intimal (P=0.007) and medial (P=0.001) fibrosis, and cancer cells in vascular wall (P<0.0001) were all highly associated with the intraluminal vascular invasion. In univariate analysis, patients whose cancers had microscopic vascular invasion (median survival, 15.3 mo) had a significantly worse survival than did patients with carcinomas without vascular invasion (25.1 mo; P=0.01, log-rank test). Microscopic vascular invasion is a poor prognostic indicator and can histologically mimic PanIN.
Supplementary Figure S2 from Immunotherapy with a HER2-Targeting <i>Listeria</i> Induces HER2-Specific Immunity and Demonstrates Potential Therapeutic Effects in a Phase I Trial in Canine Osteosarcoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;ADXS31-164 does not adversely affect cardiac function.&lt;/p&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple Preparation of Chloromethyl Esters (III) of the Blocked Amino Acids (I). (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Poly(ethylene glycol)-Based Surfactant Reduces the Conformational Change of Adsorbed Proteins on Nanoparticles (2022)

When in contact with a biological medium, the surfaces of nanoparticles are usually covered by proteins. In this regard, it was found that poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) promotes the "stealth effect". This implies a reduction of unspecific protein adsorption and cellular uptake. Although information about the PEG-protein interaction was reported, more accurate and sophisticated structure and dynamics analyses are needed to understand the interaction processes in detail. This work studies the PEG-protein interaction using model nanoparticles stabilized either by the PEG-based surfactant Lutensol AT50 or sodium dodecyl sulfate. The interaction with human serum albumin was studied using neutron scattering techniques. The parameters obtained by small-angle neutron scattering yielded information about the adsorbed protein layer thickness. Protein structure changes were detected via differential scanning fluorimetry and elastic neutron scattering. This combination gives a better insight into the PEG-protein interaction, contributing to the design of nanomaterials for medical applications.
A Career in Catalysis: Graham J. Hutchings (2021)

This Account is to commemorate the 70th birthday of Graham Hutchings and his diverse and distinguished career in catalysis, working in industry and academia. The scope of his work is wide ranging, and he has contributed to many areas of catalysis and has been a pioneer in several of them. Notable contributions to the discipline include novel methods of catalyst preparation for both metal oxides and supported nanoparticles, selective oxidation, acetylene hydrochlorination, and direct hydrogen peroxide synthesis, and he has played a central role in the discovery, application, and understanding of gold-based catalysts. The aim of this article is to provide an outline of his career and highlight some of the contributions he has made to the field of catalysis. Successfully supervising over 190 Ph.D. students, working directly with more than 90 postdoctoral researchers, and collaborating widely nationally and internationally, his work has influenced many in the discipline of heterogeneous catalysis.
Asphaltene Diffusion and Adsorption in Modified NiMo Alumina Catalysts Followed by Ultraviolet (UV) Spectroscopy (2010)

Hindered diffusion and adsorption phenomena of asphaltene molecules inside the porous network of hydrotreatement catalysts are discussed in this paper. The kinetics of the global process was followed by visible absorption spectroscopy measurements. After n-heptane extraction, asphaltenes were dissolved in toluene at low concentration and put in contact with a given amount of catalyst. The dynamic of the diffusion−adsorption process was investigated by measuring the absorbance of monochromatic visible radiation (750 nm) versus contact time. The effects of the composition of the catalysts (alumina-supported NiMo with or without dopants, such as sodium and tin) have been investigated. Coke formation and asphaltene conversion have also been studied during the hydroconversion catalytic test. A modeling approach based on the “Stefan−Maxwell” formalism was applied, which takes into account the volume constraints by Fornasiero’s formulation and assumes that the molecules collide only by an equivalent volume. The different parameter estimations have been performed and discussed to identify the controlling step of the process: mass transfer or asphaltene adsorption on the surface. The results show that dopants have only a moderate effect, with sodium addition decreasing the asphaltene adsorption constant, whereas it is slightly increased by tin. On the other hand, the coke deposit has a dramatic impact on the overall process, decreasing the effective diffusion coefficient as well as the adsorption constant of asphaltene. Moreover, after deep hydroconversion, the size of the asphaltene molecules is strongly decreased, the adsorption coefficient is enhanced, and diffusional coefficients increased by 1 order of magnitude.
Emulsification Of Eutectic Salt Mixtures In Fluid Vehicles (1988)

High-internal-phase-volume emulsions of 75 volt 3/18/79 potassium iodide/sodium iodide/ urea model eutectic salt mixture in 83.5/16.5 Sartomer R-45HT hydroxy-terminated polybutadi-ene/Nujol mineral oil binder mixture were prepared at 60°C using water-in-oil emulsifiers and cured with isophorone diisocyanate or Desmodur N-100. The Nujol mineral oil enhanced the emulsification with a negligible reduction in the tensile properties of the cured elastomer. The average emulsion droplet sizes were ca. 200 nm initially, but increased slowly during curing to 500-1000 nm. The coalescence of the emulsion droplets followed the second-order dependence predicted by the von Smoluchowski diffusion-controlled flocculation; the rate constants were 1.05x10-18 and 9.58x10-18 cc/droplet-sec for dirnethyldioctadecylammonium bromide and Span 85 sorbitan trioleate, respectively. The isophorone diisocyanate reacted with emulsifiers containing primary hydroxyl or amine groups, to give unstable emulsions or no emulsions at all. Dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide with no primary hydroxyl or amine groups, however, did not react with isocyanates and gave stable emulsions. The reaction of the R-45HT hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene with isophorone diisocyanate followed the expec-ted second-order kinetics with a rate constant of 3.42x10-4 liters/mole-sec at 60°C. The tensile properties of the cured elastomers and emulsions generally increased with increasing NCO/OH ratio up to 1.6/1.0. With increasing volume fraction of dispersed phase, the maximum stress (tensile strength) decreased, the maximum strain (percent elongation) increased, and the initial modulus (tensile modulus) decreased, in contrast to the behavior of conventional filled polymer systems; however, the maximum stresses were in accord with theoretical values for a filled polymer in which the filler particles bear no load, the initial moduli were in accord with the predictions of an isostrain model, and the maximum strain increased with in-creasing volume fraction of dispersed phase; these unusual variations, which were attributed to the liquid nature of the emulsion droplets, were used to estimate the elastomer proper-ties required to give the desired properties: 60-100 psi maximum stress, 80-150% maximum strain, and 500-2000 psi initial modulus for an 88/12 eutectic salt/crosslinked polybutadi-ene composite containing 20% aluminum particles. The addition of 20% aluminum particles gave a modest improvement in tensile properties, and the addition of 2.5% or 3.5% submicroscopic carbon black particles gave a greater improvement; however, the tensile properties were still slightly short of the desired properties.
Brain and retinal atrophy in African-Americans versus Caucasian-Americans with multiple sclerosis: a longitudinal study (2018)

On average, African Americans with multiple sclerosis demonstrate higher inflammatory disease activity, faster disability accumulation, greater visual dysfunction, more pronounced brain tissue damage and higher lesion volume loads compared to Caucasian Americans with multiple sclerosis. Neurodegeneration is an important component of multiple sclerosis, which in part accounts for the clinical heterogeneity of the disease. Brain atrophy appears to be widespread, although it is becoming increasingly recognized that regional substructure atrophy may be of greater clinical relevance. Patient race (within the limitations of self-identified ancestry) is regarded as an important contributing factor. However, there is a paucity of studies examining differences in neurodegeneration and brain substructure volumes over time in African Americans relative to Caucasian American patients. Optical coherence tomography is a non-invasive and reliable tool for measuring structural retinal changes. Recent studies support its utility for tracking neurodegeneration and disease progression in vivo in multiple sclerosis. Relative to Caucasian Americans, African American patients have been found to have greater retinal structural injury in the inner retinal layers. Increased thickness of the inner nuclear layer and the presence of microcystoid macular pathology at baseline predict clinical and radiological inflammatory activity, although whether race plays a role in these changes has not been investigated. Similarly, assessment of outer retinal changes according to race in multiple sclerosis remains incompletely characterized. Twenty-two African Americans and 60 matched Caucasian Americans with multiple sclerosis were evaluated with brain MRI, and 116 African Americans and 116 matched Caucasian Americans with multiple sclerosis were monitored with optical coherence tomography over a mean duration of 4.5 years. Mixed-effects linear regression models were used in statistical analyses. Grey matter (-0.9%/year versus -0.5%: P =0.02), white matter (-0.7%/year versus -0.3%: P =0.04) and nuclear thalamic (-1.5%/year versus -0.7%/year: P =0.02) atrophy rates were approximately twice as fast in African Americans. African Americans also exhibited higher proportions of microcystoid macular pathology (12.1% versus 0.9%, P =0.001). Retinal nerve fibre layer (-1.1% versus -0.8%: P =0.02) and ganglion cell+ inner plexiform layer (-0.7%/year versus -0.4%/year: P =0.01) atrophy rates were faster in African versus Caucasian Americans. African Americans on average exhibited more rapid neurodegeneration than Caucasian Americans and had significantly faster brain and retinal tissue loss. These results corroborate the more rapid clinical progression reported to occur, in general, in African Americans with multiple sclerosis and support the need for future studies involving African Americans in order to identify individual differences in treatment responses in multiple sclerosis.
Power static induction transistor technology (1979)

Static induction transistor (SIT) is characterized by short channel structure and the relatively low impurity concentration in the channel, so that the potential profile near the source region is effectively controlled by the drain voltage as well as the gate voltage. Majority carriers in the source region are directly injected into the channel and their amount continuously increases with increasing the drain voltage, thus establishing the non-saturating current-voltage characteristic in the SIT. The SIT, which is usually constructed as a vertical multichannel structure, exhibits features such as high input impedance, small gate capacitance, small gate resistance and negative temperature coefficient of drain current, thus offering a thermally stable operation of large area devices without ballasting resistor. An introduction of high resistivity region between gate and drain increases its breakdown voltage and decreases gate to drain capacitance, leading to an improvement of handling power and frequency characteristic.
Impact of Platelet-Rich Plasma Use on Pain in Orthopaedic Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (2019)

PRP leads to a reduction in pain; however, evidence for clinically significant efficacy is limited. Available evidence supports the use of PRP in the management of lateral epicondylitis as well as knee osteoarthritis.
NH‐1,2,3‐Triazoles from Azidomethyl Pivalate and Carbamates: Base‐Labile N‐Protecting Groups. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Disseminated intravascular coagulation in association with pig-to-primate pulmonary xenotransplantation1 (2002)

Although DIC in renal or bone marrow xenotransplantation develops over a period of days, DIC associated with hyperacute pulmonary xenograft dysfunction develops within hours of graft reperfusion. Thus, the DIC in pulmonary xenotransplantation may represent a unique and/or accelerated version of the coagulopathy observed with renal and bone marrow xenotransplantation.
Heat-pump-augmented spacecraft heat-rejection systems (1990)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.
Allele frequency of thiopurine methyltransferase and inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase gene polymorphisms in Korean patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. (2009)

Our data describe TPMT and ITPA gene mutation patterns among Koreans and provide a basis for screening studies to identify patients at high risk for myelotoxicity from thiopurine drugs.
Perovskite/Black Phosphorus/MoS2 Photogate Reversed Photodiodes with Ultrahigh Light On/Off Ratio and Fast Response (2019)

As compared with epitaxial semiconductor devices, two-dimensional (2D) heterostructures offer alternative facile platforms for many optoelectronic devices. Among them, photovoltaic based photodetectors can give fast response, while the photogate devices can lead to high responsivity. Here, we report a 2D photogate photodiode, which combines the benefits of 2D black phosphorus/MoS<sub>2</sub> photodiodes with the emerging potential of perovskite, to achieve both fast response and high responsivity. This device architecture is constructed based on the fast photovoltaic operation together with the high-gain photogating effect. Under reverse bias condition, the device exhibits high responsivity (11 A/W), impressive detectivity (1.3 × 10<sup>12</sup> Jones), fast response (150/240 μs), and low dark current (3 × 10<sup>-11</sup> A). All these results are already much better in nearly all aspects of performance than the previously reported 2D photodiodes operating in reverse bias, achieving the optimal balance between all figure-of-merits. Importantly, with a zero bias, the device can also yield high detectivity (3 × 10<sup>11</sup> Jones), ultrahigh light on/off ratio (3 × 10<sup>7</sup>), and extremely high external quantum efficiency (80%). This device architecture thus has a promise for high-efficiency photodetection and photovoltaic energy conversion.
Application of Computer Navigation-assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery in Resection of Rib Tumour (2015)

Objective: Excision of rib tumors by conventional surgical method often results in poor prognosis due to trauma and heavily bleeding. In the present study, we evaluated the advantages of applying computer navigation-assisted thoracoscope in the resection of rib tumors. Methods: Prior to surgery, the pathology bearing regions of rib tumors in 4 patients were scanned by
A Neonatal Fc Receptor-Targeted Mucosal Vaccine Strategy Effectively Induces HIV-1 Antigen-Specific Immunity to Genital Infection (2011)

Strategies to prevent the sexual transmission of HIV include vaccines that elicit durable, protective mucosal immune responses. A key to effective mucosal immunity is the capacity for antigens administered locally to cross epithelial barriers. Given the role of neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) in transferring IgG across polarized epithelial cells which line mucosal surfaces, FcRn might be useful for delivering HIV vaccine antigens across mucosal epithelial barriers to the underlying antigen-presenting cells. Chimeric proteins composed of HIV Gag (p24) fused to the Fc region of IgG (Gag-Fc) bind efficiently to airway mucosa and are transported across this epithelial surface. Mice immunized intranasally with Gag-Fc plus CpG adjuvant developed local and systemic immunity, including durable B and T cell memory. Gag-specific immunity was sufficiently potent to protect against an intravaginal challenge with recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the HIV Gag protein. Intranasal administration of a Gag-Fc/CpG vaccine protected at a distal mucosal site. Our data suggest that targeting of FcRn with chimeric immunogens may be an important strategy for mucosal immunization and should be considered a new approach for preventive HIV vaccines.
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) affects gene expression pathways beyond cholesterol metabolism in liver cells (2010)

Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) induces degradation of low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) in the liver. It is being pursued as a therapeutic target for LDL-cholesterol reduction. Earlier genome-wide gene expression studies showed that PCSK9 over-expression in HepG2 cells resulted in up-regulation of genes in cholesterol biosynthesis and down-regulation of genes in stress response pathways; however, it was not known whether these changes were directly regulated by PCSK9 or were secondary to PCSK9-induced changes to the intracellular environment. In order to further understand the biological function of PCSK9 we treated HepG2 cells with purified recombinant wild type (WT) and D374Y gain-of-function PCSK9 proteins for 8, 24, and 48 h, and used microarray analysis to identify genome-wide expression changes and pathways. These results were compared to the changes induced by culturing HepG2 cells in cholesterol-free medium, mimicking the intracellular environment of cholesterol starvation. We determined that PCSK9-induced up-regulation of cholesterol biosynthesis genes resulted from intracellular cholesterol starvation. In addition, we identified novel pathways that are presumably regulated by PCSK9 and are independent of its effects on cholesterol uptake. These pathways included "protein ubiquitination," "xenobiotic metabolism," "cell cycle," and "inflammation and stress response." Our results indicate that PCSK9 affects metabolic pathways beyond cholesterol metabolism in HepG2 cells.
Multi-parameter distributed fiber sensing with higher-order optical and acoustic modes (2019)

We propose a novel multi-parameter sensing technique based on a Brillouin optical time domain reflectometry in the elliptical-core few-mode fiber, using higher-order optical and acoustic modes. Multiple Brillouin peaks are observed for the backscattering of both the LP<sub>01</sub> mode and LP<sub>11</sub> mode. We characterize the temperature and strain coefficients for various optical-acoustic mode pairs. By selecting the proper combination of modes pairs, the performance of multi-parameter sensing can be optimized. Distributed sensing of temperature and strain is demonstrated over a 0.5-km elliptical-core few-mode fiber, with the discriminative uncertainty of 0.28°C and 5.81 με for temperature and strain, respectively.
Ligand Macromolecule Interactions: Theoretical Principles of Molecular Recognition (2009)

Molecular recognition is mediated by three main factors: surface complementarity, thermodynamics, and associated physicochemical properties. These principles are responsible for ligand-target binding and therefore serve as the foundation for the design of new biologically relevant chemical entities. As these principles are involved in nearly all biological processes, a firm understanding of the details involved in binding is necessary for drug design. The consideration of these factors individually has proven useful; however, the combined effect of these governing principles is most important. And despite extensive studies, there are still many gaps in our understanding of this recognition process. The aim of this chapter is to introduce the basic concepts of ligand binding to set the stage for the following chapters, while briefly discussing fundamental techniques of drug design, including the indispensable tools of molecular modeling.