gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Computational Investigation of Piston Bowl Geometry Effects on PPCI-Diffusion Combustion in a Light-Duty GCI Engine (2023)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A PPCI-diffusion combustion strategy has shown the potential to achieve high efficiency, clean gasoline compression ignition (GCI) combustion across the full engine operating range. By conducting a 3-D CFD-led combustion system design campaign, this investigation was focused on developing a next generation (NextGen), step-lipped piston design concept in a 2.6L advanced light-duty GCI engine. Key geometric features of the NextGen piston bowl were parametrized and studied with customized spray targeting. A low lip positioning design with 128° spray targeting was found to provide the best performance.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Fuel injection strategy optimization was performed at a full-load operating point (OP), 2000 rpm/24 bar closed-cycle IMEP (IMEPcc). When combined with the optimized fuel injection strategy, the best NextGen design was predicted to produce a 1.3% ISFC improvement and 42.5% lower soot compared to the baseline piston bowl design due to faster diffusion combustion and enhanced late-stage air-utilization. Subsequently, at 2000 rpm/12 bar IMEPcc, the NextGen design was able to soften the first-stage PPCI combustion to reduce the negative work and lower the MPRR, leading to 2.1% better ISFC and 48.8% lower soot than the baseline design when combined with its benefit to improve the second-stage diffusion combustion. Finally, at 1500 rpm/6 bar IMEPcc, the NextGen design was found to appreciably reduce the in-cylinder heat transfer and enable a larger fuel injection quantity in the first fuel injection event while retaining its air utilization benefit compared to the baseline design. Therefore, it was predicted to produce 2.4% better ISFC and 49.3% lower soot.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Compact and Colorless PLC-Type 1-Bit Delay Line Interferometer for DQPSK Demodulator (2012)

A compact and colorless planar lightwave circuit (PLC) type 1-bit delay line interferometer for a differential quadrature phase-shift keying (DQPSK) demodulator is demonstrated by adopting wavelength insensitive couplers with narrow coupling waveguides and novel circuit arrangement suitable for integrated DQPSK receivers. The fabricated interferometer realizes a small chip size and practical properties in both entire C- and L-bands.
Catalytic Enantioselective Domino Oxa‐Michael/Aldol Condensations: Asymmetric Synthesis of Benzopyran Derivatives (2006)

The first direct organocatalytic asymmetric domino oxa-Michael/aldol condensation reaction is presented. The unprecedentedly simple, chiral, pyrrolidine-catalyzed asymmetric domino reactions between salicylic aldehyde derivatives and alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes proceed with high chemo- and enantioselectivities to give the corresponding chromene-3-carbaldehyde derivatives in high yields and with ee values of 83-98%.
Calcium modulates plasmin cleavage of the fibrinogen D fragment γ chain N-terminus: mapping of monoclonal antibody J88B to a plasmin sensitive domain of the γ chain (1996)

Plasmin sensitive sites are found on the A alpha, B beta and gamma chains of fibrinogen at regions joining the two C-terminal D fragments with the central E fragment. We have developed a monoclonal antibody (MoAb) reactive with this plasmin sensitive region on the human fibrinogen gamma chain and mapped its epitope. MoAb J88B reacts with gamma chains of both native as well as with reduced and denatured fibrinogen and fibrin, the CNBr fragment of the fibrinogen central domain, plasmin cleaved fragments D, gamma-gamma dimers, but not with plasmic fragments E. These data indicate that J88B maps to the plasmin sensitive domain localized to gamma 63-78. MoAb J88B failed to react with synthetic peptide gamma 70-78, which suggests that the epitope includes the newly exposed N-terminal residues gamma 63-70 of the early plasmic fragment D1A. As calcium has a marked influence on plasmin cleavage of C-terminal sites on the gamma chain, the effects of calcium on modulating plasmin cleavage of D1A to D1 were assessed in the absence or presence of J88B. The results indicated that calcium delays and J88B (+/- calcium) protects the gamma chain from plasmin cleavage at the N-terminus of D1A, suggesting that this enzymatically labile site is calcium-sensitive. Thus, MoAb J88B should prove useful in studies examining the structure of plasmin cleaved fibrinogen and fibrin.
Helix stability of oligoglycine, oligoalanine, and oligo-β-alanine dodecamers reflected by hydrogen-bond persistence (2014)

Helices are important structural/recognition elements in proteins and peptides. Stability and conformational differences between helices composed of α- and β-amino acids as scaffolds for mimicry of helix recognition has become a theme in medicinal chemistry. Furthermore, helices formed by β-amino acids are experimentally more stable than those formed by α-amino acids. This is paradoxical because the larger sizes of the hydrogen-bonding rings required by the extra methylene groups should lead to entropic destabilization. In this study, molecular dynamics simulations using the second-generation force field, AMOEBA (Ponder, J.W., et al., Current status of the AMOEBA polarizable force field. J Phys Chem B, 2010. 114(8): p. 2549-64.) explored the stability and hydrogen-bonding patterns of capped oligo-β-alanine, oligoalanine, and oligoglycine dodecamers in water. The MD simulations showed that oligo-β-alanine has strong acceptor+2 hydrogen bonds, but surprisingly did not contain a large content of 3(12) -helical structures, possibly due to the sparse distribution of the 3(12) -helical structure and other structures with acceptor+2 hydrogen bonds. On the other hand, despite its backbone flexibility, the β-alanine dodecamer had more stable and persistent <3.0 Å hydrogen bonds. Its structure was dominated more by multicentered hydrogen bonds than either oligoglycine or oligoalanine helices. The 3(1) (PII) helical structure, prevalent in oligoglycine and oligoalanine, does not appear to be stable in oligo-β-alanine indicating its competition with other structures (stacking structure as indicated by MD analyses). These differences are among the factors that shape helical structural preferences and the relative stabilities of these three oligopeptides.
Superresolution Using a Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser (VCSEL) with a High-Order Laguerre-Gaussian Mode (2000)

A vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) is current-annealed to operate in the high order (0, 4) Laguerre mode, and this source is used in a superresolution setup to achieve a spot size smaller than the classical diffraction limit. Theory predicts a reduction down to 51% of the classical limit in each dimension (i.e. 4× reduction in area), and a reduction down to 65% (i.e. 2.5× reduction in area) is experimentally demonstrated with a signal-to-noise ratio of &gt;10 dB between the main-lobe and the side-lobe intensities.
Synchronization Algorithms for Co-simulation of Power Grid and Communication Networks (2014)

The ongoing modernization of power grids consists of integrating them with communication networks in order to achieve robust and resilient control of grid operations. To understand the operation of the new smart grid, one approach is to use simulation software. Unfortunately, current power grid simulators at best utilize inadequate approximations to simulate communication networks, if at all. Cooperative simulation of specialized power grid and communication network simulators promises to more accurately reproduce the interactions of real smart grid deployments. However, co-simulation is a challenging problem. A co-simulation must manage the exchange of information, including the synchronization of simulator clocks, between all simulators while maintaining adequate computational performance. This paper describes two new conservative algorithms for reducing the overhead of time synchronization, namely Active Set Conservative and Reactive Conservative. We provide a detailed analysis of their performance characteristics with respect to the current state of the art including both conservative and optimistic synchronization algorithms. In addition, we provide guidelines for selecting the appropriate synchronization algorithm based on the requirements of the co-simulation. The newly proposed algorithms are shown to achieve as much as 14% and 63% improvement in performance, respectively, over the existing conservative algorithm.
Influence of Overgrown Micropipes in the Active Area of SiC Schottky Diodes on Long Term Reliability (2005)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
A Comparison of Zoom-In Transition Methods for Multiscale VR (2022)

When navigating within an unfamiliar virtual environment in VR, transitions between pre-defined viewpoints are known to facilitate spatial awareness of a user. Previously, different viewpoint transition techniques had been investigated, but mainly for single-scale environments. We present a comparative study of zoom-in transition techniques, where the viewpoint of a user is being smoothly transitioned from a large level of scale (LoS) to a smaller LoS in a multiscale virtual environment (MVE) with a nested structure. We identify that orbiting first before zooming in is preferred over other alternatives when transitioning to a viewpoint at a small LoS.
HSD3B1 and resistance to androgen deprivation therapy in prostate cancer. (2015)

156 Background: The somatic mutation HSD3B1(1245A&gt;C) has been mechanistically linked to castration-resistant prostate cancer by encoding a mutant enzyme that augments intratumoral dihydrotestosterone synthesis. Given the HSD3B1(1245C) allele is also frequently found in the germline, we hypothesized men inheriting this variant allele would exhibit resistance to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), as manifested by worse clinical outcomes. Methods: We used a prospectively maintained prostate cancer registry to identify men treated with ADT for biochemical failure in the post-prostatectomy setting who were without evidence of metastatic disease at the time of ADT initiation. We analyzed progression-free survival, distant metastasis-free survival, and overall survival according to HSD3B1 genotype using Kaplan-Meier methods. Cox proportional hazards regression was performed to evaluate potential gene-dosage effects, with homozygous wild-type men serving as the reference group. Demographic and treatment characteristics were compared across genotypes to assess for possible confounders using Fisher’s exact test and Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance. Results: Of 118 men genotyped, 37% were homozygous wild-type, 53% were heterozygous, and 10% were homozygous variant. Demographic and treatment characteristics did not differ across groups. Median progression-free survival diminished as a function of the number of variant alleles inherited (6.6 years in homozygous wild-type men, 4.1 years in heterozygotes, and 2.5 years in homozygous variant men; P=0.01). Median distant metastasis-free survival likewise decreased according to the number of variant alleles inherited (9.1 years in homozygous wild-type men, 6.8 years in heterozygotes, and 3.6 years in homozygous variant men; P=0.01). Finally, overall survival also diminished with the number of variant alleles inherited (5-year and 10-year overall survival: 82% and 55% in homozygous wild-type men, 74% and 35% in heterozygotes, and 58% and 0% in homozygous variant men; P=0.006). Conclusions: Inheritance of the variant HSD3B1(1245C) allele that enhances dihydrotestosterone synthesis may predict resistance to ADT for prostate cancer. These findings require validation.
Pulse-Clamp Technique for Characterizing Neural-Stimulating Electrodes (2007)

A reliable test methsod is required to ensure adequate charge-injection capability for high-resolution neural-stimulation applications that demand both a large amount of charge injection and a small electrode size. A pulse-clamp circuit is designed and employed to characterize the electrode charge-storage capability that will allow different electrodes to be quickly and accurately compared. The custom circuit, which consists of commercial components, has a switching charge noise of 15 pC and a switching time of 1 μs. Pulse-clamp measurements are performed on flat platinum electrodes in 0.15 M saline solution in air with 1 ms long pulses at a charge density of up to 1 mC/cm 2 . Results indicate a safe charge-injection limit of 0.1 mC/cm 2 , and a hydrolysis-dominated regime above 0.5 mC/cm 2 . Comparing different electrode sizes indicates that the charge-storage capability of an electrode is proportional to its surface area. The scalability of the pulse-clamp technique allows it to be used to accurately quantify the roughness of a surface modification. Simulation program with integrated circuits emphasis simulation is used to extract the electrode capacitance and resistance parameters. These parameters, which can vary, depend strongly on the injected charge density.
Message from ACPR 2013 Chairs (2013)

We welcome you to the Second Asian Conference on Pattern Recognition (ACPR 2013), sponsored by the International Association of Pattern Recognition (IAPR).This year, ACPR is being held in Naha, Okinawa, Japan on 5-8 November 2013.The conference aims to provide a major international forum for researchers in pattern recognition and related fields to share their new ideas and achievements.We wish to thank the authors for submitting papers to ACPR2013.We received 292 submissions from 32 countries.A large number of authors were from China and Japan, followed by Taiwan, Republic of Korea, and India.The
Protective immune correlates can segregate by vaccine type in a murine herpes model system (1999)

A central tenet of vaccine development is to identify immune correlates of protection. Both plasmid-encoded gD as well as recombinant protein gD can protect mice from lethal herpes simplex virus (HSV) challenge. It is known that different vaccine modalities should induce different immune phenotypes. Yet, paradoxically, it is also thought that the basis for protection should rely on exploitation of vulnerabilities of the pathogen and therefore that the overlapping properties of these different vaccines would reveal insight into common immune mechanisms responsible for protection. We sought to investigate this question by comparing two different vaccine modalities in the HSV-2 mouse model. We observed that gD protein was a strong inducer of T(h)2-type immune responses, and overall antibody titers of IgG, IgE and IgA were significantly higher than those induced by plasmid gD vaccines. In contrast, the plasmid gD vaccine induced a strong T(h)1 bias. Following high-dose challenge the gD protein was most effective at providing protection. However, at lower lethal dose challenge, while both vaccines were protective with regards to survival, only the plasmid-vaccinated animals were protected from HSV-2 infection-induced morbidity. These studies suggest that these different vaccine modalities induce protection through unique non-overlapping mechanisms, supporting that vaccine correlates are associated with the types of immunogen rather than solely the pathogen.
Power analysis of hardware implementations protected with secret sharing (2012)

We analyze the security of three-share hardware implementations against differential power analysis and advanced variants such as mutual information analysis. We present dedicated distinguishers that allow to recover secret key bits from any cryptographic primitive that is implemented as a sequence of quadratic functions. Starting from the analytical treatment of such distinguishers and information-theoretic arguments, we derive the success probability and required number of traces in the presence of algorithmic noise. We show that attacks on three-share hardware implementation require a number of traces that scales in the third power of the algorithmic noise variance. Finally, we apply and test our model on Keccak in a keyed mode.
Two-Dimensional IgE-Binding Spectrum of Japanese Cedar <i>(Cryptomeria japonica)</i> Pollen Allergens (2004)

The proteomics approaches showed great interindividual variation of IgE-binding patterns to C. japonica proteins and contributed to the repertoire of numerous C. japonica allergens other than Cry j 1 and Cry j 2. Protein microsequencing demonstrated more complicated multiplicity in Cry j 1 than previously known and new isoforms in Cry j 2.
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF A HYBRID MULTILAYER CAMERA APPLICABLE TO POSITRON EMISSION AND X-RAY TRANSMISSION CT (1978)

The mission of Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography is to showcase the latest clinical and research developments in CT, MR, and closely related diagnostic techniques. We encourage submission of both original research and review articles that have immediate or promissory clinical applications. Topics of special interest include: 1) functional MR and CT of the brain and body; 2) advanced/innovative MRI techniques (diffusion, perfusion, rapid scanning); and 3) advanced/innovative CT techniques (perfusion, multi-energy, dose-reduction, and processing).
Interface effects of hydrogen uptake in Mo/V single-crystal superlattices (1991)

Results from measurements of the hydrogen uptake in Mo/V single-crystal superlattices with modulation wavelengths (\ensuremath{\Lambda}) from 0.3 to 17.7 nm are presented. These studies were performed by hydrogen profiling, using the $^{1}\mathrm{H}$${(}^{15}$N,\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{\gamma}${)}^{12}$C reaction, and x-ray diffraction. The average hydrogen to metal ratio was found to decrease for decreasing \ensuremath{\Lambda}. For \ensuremath{\Lambda}\ensuremath{\ge}13 nm, large structural changes are observed, while for \ensuremath{\Lambda}\ensuremath{\le}5.5 nm no structural changes were observed upon hydrogenation. A model describing the modulated-wavelength dependence of the hydrogen uptake is proposed.
Low-Complexity Detection Based on Belief Propagation in a Massive MIMO System (2013)

A very large MIMO system has a potential to achieve extremely-high system throughput. In general, however, algorithms detecting spatially-multiplexed signals require the complexity proportional to the cubed number of antenna elements in the least case. Thus, the implementation of an antenna array with an order of 100 elements becomes very difficult. In this paper, we focus on the algorithm which is based on belief propagation and implementable with the second-order calculations. The simulation results show that the algorithm provides very good BER performance in MIMO spatial multiplexing when the number of antenna elements is 100 and reasonably low complexity in comparison to the MMSE spatial filtering.
Allogeneic immune replacement as cancer immunotherapy (2003)

The graft-versus-leukaemia (GVL) reaction that occurs after allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) can cure patients with a variety of haematological malignancies. A heightened appreciation of the GVL effect has resulted in the development of reduced intensity transplant approaches, where antitumour effects occur predominantly as a consequence of the transplanted donor immune system. The recent success of these transplants in patients with acute and chronic leukaemias has led to trials investigating for graft-versus-tumour (GVT) effects in patients with treatment-refractory metastatic solid tumours. This review discusses evidence that immune replacement following allogeneic HCT is a potent form of cancer immunotherapy for patients with haematological and non-haematological malignancies.
Toward the Clinical Development and Validation of a Thy1-Targeted Ultrasound Contrast Agent for the Early Detection of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (2020)

Our findings summarize the development and validation of a clinically relevant Thy1-targeted US contrast agent for the early detection of human PDAC by US molecular imaging.
New reassortant and enzootic European swine influenza viruses transmit efficiently through direct contact in the ferret model (2015)

The reverse zoonotic events that introduced the 2009 pandemic influenza virus into pigs have drastically increased the diversity of swine influenza viruses in Europe. The pandemic potential of these novel reassortments is still unclear, necessitating enhanced surveillance of European pigs with additional focus on risk assessment of these new viruses. In this study, four European swine influenza viruses were assessed for their zoonotic potential. Two of the four viruses were enzootic viruses of subtype H1N2 (with avian-like H1) and H3N2, and two were new reassortants, one with avian-like H1 and human-like N2 and one with 2009 pandemic H1 and swine-like N2. All viruses replicated to high titres in nasal wash and nasal turbinate samples from inoculated ferrets and transmitted efficiently by direct contact. Only the H3N2 virus transmitted to naïve ferrets via the airborne route. Growth kinetics using a differentiated human bronchial epithelial cell line showed that all four viruses were able to replicate to high titres. Further, the viruses revealed preferential binding to the 2,6-α-silalylated glycans and investigation of the antiviral susceptibility of the viruses revealed that all were sensitive to neuraminidase inhibitors. These findings suggested that these viruses have the potential to infect humans and further underline the need for continued surveillance as well as biological characterization of new influenza A viruses.
Interactions of Prosthetic and Natural Vision in Animals With Local Retinal Degeneration (2015)

Ambient light affects prosthetic responses, albeit much less than responses to visible stimuli. Prosthetic representation of contrast in the visual scene can be encoded, to a limited extent, by the appropriately calibrated stimulus intensity, which also depends on the ambient light conditions. Such calibration will be important for patients combining central prosthetic vision with natural peripheral sight, such as in age-related macular degeneration.
High-Power Broadband Midinfrared Dual Comb Spectroscopy (2019)

The midinfrared spectral region provides direct access to molecular vibrational transitions. The stronger coupling in the midinfrared creates possibilities for sensitive molecular detection [1] and control. As technology advances, midinfrared laser sources are becoming more practical, particularly as femtosecond fiber lasers can now drive nonlinear conversion with small and robust systems [2]. Shorter wavelength midinfrared sources around 3-5 μm wavelength are becoming accessible with efficient nonlinear crystals such as periodically-poled lithium niobate easily available. Sources at longer wavelengths are less common, and at fairly low power, given the poor quantum efficiency of going to such long wavelengths. We have previously shown a laser system with a good balance of output power to system size, a femtosecond midinfrared frequency comb with up to 69 mW of power with broad bandwidths and tunable from 6-11 μm [2]. We have built two of these systems, and combined them to create a unique high-powered, midinfrared dual comb spectroscopy system that will open possibilities for measurements including lossy techniques such as multipass, or over long distances with significant scattering and absorption.