gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Autonomous Calibration of Non-Contact Power Monitors (2018)

Non-contact power monitors use electromagnetic field sensors to measure voltage and current in multiphase power lines without any ohmic contact or geometric isolation of the conductors. The complex field geometry requires these sensors to be calibrated before use. Existing work has focused on manual calibration procedures requiring a service interruption, additional loads, or other intrusive techniques. This paper introduces an autonomous calibration technique that can be used to bootstrap additional non-contact power monitors from an existing power monitor located elsewhere in the distribution network. This provides the flexibility to “zoom-in” with downstream monitors or “zoom-out” with upstream monitors and efficiently target the loads of interest. Laboratory benchmarks and installations on the U.S. Coast Guard and Naval vessels show that autonomous calibration is accurate and robust with non-contact monitors reading within 1% of commercial power meters.
Directional Wetting in Anisotropic Inverse Opals (2014)

Porous materials display interesting transport phenomena due to restricted motion of fluids within the nano- to microscale voids. Here, we investigate how liquid wetting in highly ordered inverse opals is affected by anisotropy in pore geometry. We compare samples with different degrees of pore asphericity and find different wetting patterns depending on the pore shape. Highly anisotropic structures are infiltrated more easily than their isotropic counterparts. Further, the wetting of anisotropic inverse opals is directional, with liquids filling from the side more easily. This effect is supported by percolation simulations as well as direct observations of wetting using time-resolved optical microscopy.
Cyber-Physical Systems in the SmartGrid (2011)

Radical changes are expected to occur in the next years in the electricity domain and the grid itself which has been almost unchanged the last 100 years. Value is created when interactions exist and this is the main thrust of the emerging SmartGrid which will heavily rely on IT technologies at several layers for monitoring and control. The basic building blocks are the existing efforts in the domain of the Internet of Things and Internet of Services, that come together with cooperation as the key enabler. The SmartGrid is a complex ecosystem of heterogeneous (cooperating) entities that interact in order to provide the envisioned functionality. Advanced business services will take advantage of the near real-time information flows among all participants. In order to realize the SmartGrid promise we will have to heavily depend on Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) that will be able to monitor, share and manage information and actions on the business as well as the real world. CPS is seen as an integral part of the SmartGrid, hence several open issues will need to be effectively addressed.
A national study confirms that Escherichia coli from Australian commercial layer hens remain susceptible to critically important antimicrobials (2023)

Controlling the use of the most critically important antimicrobials (CIAs) in food animals has been identified as one of the key measures required to curb the transmission of antimicrobial resistant bacteria from animals to humans. Expanding the evidence demonstrating the effectiveness of restricting CIA usage for preventing the emergence of resistance to key drugs amongst commensal organisms in animal production would do much to strengthen international efforts to control antimicrobial resistance (AMR). As Australia has strict controls on antimicrobial use in layer hens, and internationally comparatively low levels of poultry disease due to strict national biosecurity measures, we investigated whether these circumstances have resulted in curtailing development of critical forms of AMR. The work comprised a cross-sectional national survey of 62 commercial layer farms with each assessed for AMR in Escherichia coli isolates recovered from faeces. Minimum inhibitory concentration analysis using a panel of 13 antimicrobials was performed on 296 isolates, with those exhibiting phenotypic resistance to fluoroquinolones (a CIA) or multi-class drug resistance (MCR) subjected to whole genome sequencing. Overall, 53.0% of isolates were susceptible to all antimicrobials tested, and all isolates were susceptible to cefoxitin, ceftiofur, ceftriaxone, chloramphenicol and colistin. Resistance was observed for amoxicillin-clavulanate (9.1%), ampicillin (16.2%), ciprofloxacin (2.7%), florfenicol (2.4%), gentamicin (1.0%), streptomycin (4.7%), tetracycline (37.8%) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (9.5%). MCR was observed in 21 isolates (7.0%), with two isolates exhibiting resistance to four antimicrobial classes. Whole genome sequencing revealed that ciprofloxacin-resistant (fluoroquinolone) isolates were devoid of both known chromosomal mutations in the quinolone resistance determinant regions and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes (qnr)-other than in one isolate (ST155) which carried the qnrS gene. Two MCR E. coli isolates with ciprofloxacin-resistance were found to be carrying known resistance genes including aadA1, dfrA1, strA, strB, sul1, sul2, tet(A), blaTEM-1B, qnrS1 and tet(A). Overall, this study found that E. coli from layer hens in Australia have low rates of AMR, likely due to strict control on antimicrobial usage achieved by the sum of regulation and voluntary measures.
Identification of a Maleimide-Based Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 (GSK-3) Inhibitor, BIP-135, That Prolongs the Median Survival Time of Δ7 SMA KO Mouse Model of Spinal Muscular Atrophy (2011)

The discovery of upregulated glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) in various pathological conditions has led to the development of a host of chemically diverse small molecule GSK-3 inhibitors, such as BIP-135. GSK-3 inhibition emerged as an alternative therapeutic target for treating spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) when a number of GSK-3 inhibitors were shown to elevate survival motor neuron (SMN) levels in vitro and to rescue motor neurons when their intrinsic SMN level was diminished by SMN-specific short hairpin RNA (shRNA). Despite their cellular potency, the in vivo efficacy of GSK-3 inhibitors has yet to be evaluated in an animal model of SMA. Herein, we disclose that a potent and reasonably selective GSK-3 inhibitor, namely BIP-135, was tested in a transgenic Δ7 SMA KO mouse model of SMA, and found to prolong the median survival of these animals. In addition, this compound was shown to elevate the SMN protein level in SMA patient-derived fibroblast cells as determined by western blot, and was neuroprotective in a cell-based, SMA-related model of oxidative stress-induced neurodegeneration.
First Insight into the Symmetry and Flexibility of Membrane Efflux Pump P‐Glycoprotein by Novel Bifunctional Modulators (2005)

The other way round. The protein-target structure of P-glycoprotein is supposed to have an unexpectedly rigid symmetric binding region. Even the smallest deviations from symmetric inhibitor substitution lead to a decrease in inhibitory activity. However, the highest inhibitory activities shown towards HIV-1 protease are by asymmetric representatives, such as 1, thus demonstrating a high degree of flexibility of this protein-binding region.
The synthesis of pyranoacridinone inhibitors of protein tyrosine kinases (1994)

7-Oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroflavone 10 reacts with anthranilonitrile and ethyl anthranilate to give the corresponding enamines, 11 and 13. These enamines undergo base-catalysed cyclization to pyrano[2,3-a]acridin-4-ones, 12 and 14, which undergo oxidation to the fully aromatic systems, 4 and 5. Biological testing of some of these fused heterocyclic systems shows them to have potential in cancer chemotherapy as inhibitors of growth factor-mediated cell proliferation.
Time domain design for ultra wideband filters (2011)

Abstract In this article, a time domain method for designing microstrip‐line ultra wideband passband filters is presented.From the filter expected specifications, the profile of the nonuniform transmission line is calculated analytically. The filter presented in this article illustrates the proposed method and emphasizes its potential. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:1006–1011, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25921
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution on Tricarbonylchromium‐complexed Haloarenes: Synthesis of O‐Aryloximes and Their Cyclization to Benzofurans. (1987)

Abstract The tricarbonylchromium‐complexed haloarenes (I) react with the ketoximes (II) to give the oxime ethers (III), which are decomplexed with iodine and then converted to the benzofurans (V) by acid catalyzed cyclization.
Immunopharmacodynamic response to blinatumomab in patients with relapsed/refractory B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). (2013)

7020 Background: Blinatumomab is an anti-CD19/anti-CD3 bispecific T cell engager (BiTE) that induces target cell-dependent, polyclonal T cell activation and proliferation, resulting in redirected lysis of CD19 + target cells. Methods: In a phase 2 study, adult patients (N=36) with relapsed/refractory B-precursor ALL received continuous blinatumomab IV infusion for 28 days in ≤5 treatment/consolidation cycles. Whole blood and serum samples were collected throughout treatment and analyzed for lymphocyte subpopulations, cytokines, granzyme B, and blinatumomab serum concentrations. Results: Lymphocytes in all patients responded in a similar fashion. After infusion start, peripheral B cell counts dropped to ≤1 B cell/μL in &lt;1 week and remained undetectable throughout treatment. Peripheral T cells showed a redistribution characterized by swift disappearance within the first 2-6 hrs and subsequent recovery to baseline within several days. Otherwise, T cell counts remained at least stable in most patients. In some patients even an expansion of the T cell compartments was observed, most likely due to specific proliferation of activated T cells but could not be defined as prerequisite for treatment efficacy. During the first infusion days, a significant proportion of T cells newly expressed the activation marker CD69, and the T cell effector molecule granzyme B was detectable in serum. Additionally, a transient cytokine release dominated by IL-10, IL-6 and IFN-γ was observed in most patients shortly after first infusion start, which was alleviated or absent in subsequent cycles. Blinatumomab serum steady state concentrations (mean±SD) were 198±61 pg/mL and 694±236 pg/mL at doses of 5 and 15 μg/m²/d, respectively, which is comparable to those from previous studies. Conclusions: Immunopharmacodynamic response to blinatumomab was characterized by B cell depletion, T cell activation and redistribution, and release of granzyme B and cytokines, suggesting T cell engagement according to the expected BiTE mode of action. The tested pharmacodynamic markers did not allow for predictive differentiation between patients achieving a hematologic response and those who did not. Clinical trial information: NCT01209286.
The good, the bad, and the random (2010)

We investigate how people interact with Web search engine result pages using eye-tracking. While previous research has focused on the visual attention devoted to the 10 organic search results, this paper examines other components of contemporary search engines, such as ads and related searches. We systematically varied the type of task (informational or navigational), the quality of the ads (relevant or irrelevant to the query), and the sequence in which ads of different quality were presented. We measured the effects of these variables on the distribution of visual attention and on task performance. Our results show significant effects of each variable. The amount of visual attention that people devote to organic results depends on both task type and ad quality. The amount of visual attention that people devote to ads depends on their quality, but not the type of task. Interestingly, the sequence and predictability of ad quality is also an important factor in determining how much people attend to ads. When the quality of ads varied randomly from task to task, people paid little attention to the ads, even when they were good. These results further our understanding of how attention devoted to search results is influenced by other page elements, and how previous search experiences influence how people attend to the current page.
Analysis of Deep-sequenced Trio-genomes of the Peninsular Malaysia Orang Asli and North Borneo Populations (2019)

Abstract Background Recent advances in genomic technologies have facilitated genome-wide investigation of human genetic variations. However, most efforts have focused on the major populations, yet trio genomes of indigenous populations from Southeast Asia have been under-investigated. Results We analyzed the whole-genome deep sequencing data (~30×) of five native trios from Malaysia, and discovered approximately 6.9 million single nucleotide variants (SNVs), 1.2 million small insertions and deletions (indels), and 9,000 copy number variants (CNVs) in the 15 samples. We found 3.9% SNVs, 4.7% indels and 22% CNVs were novel, implying the insufficient coverage of population diversity in existing databases. We identified a higher proportion of novel variants in the Orang Asli (OA) samples, i.e., the indigenous people from Peninsular Malaysia, than that of the North Bornean (NB) samples, likely due to more complex demographic history and long-time isolation of the OA groups. We used the pedigree information to identify de novo variants and estimated the mutation rates to be 0.81×10-8–1.33×10-8, 1.0×10-9–2.9×10-9, and ~0.001 per site per generation for SNVs, indels, and CNVs, respectively. The trio-genomes also allowed for accurate haplotype phasing with high accuracy, which serves as references to the future genomic studies of OA and NB populations. In addition, high-frequency inherited CNVs specific to OA or NB were identified. One example was a 50-kb duplication in DEFA1B detected only in the Negrito trios, implying plausible effects on host defense against the exposure of diverse microbial in tropical rainforest environment of these hunter-gatherers. The CNVs shared between OA and NB groups were much fewer than those specific to each group. Nevertheless, we identified a 142-kb duplication in AMY1A in all the 15 samples, and this gene is associated with the high-starch diet. Moreover, novel insertions shared with archaic hominids were identified in our samples. Conclusion Our study presents a full catalogue of the genome variants of the native Malaysian populations, which is a complement of the genome diversity in Southeast Asians. It implies specific population history of the native inhabitants, and demonstrated the necessity of more genome sequencing efforts on the multi-ethnic native groups of Malaysia and Southeast Asia.
High-performance AlGaInP light-emitting diodes integrated on silicon through a superior quality germanium-on-insulator (2018)

High-performance GaInP/AlGaInP multi-quantum well light-emitting diodes (LEDs) grown on a low threading dislocation density (TDD) germanium-on-insulator (GOI) substrate have been demonstrated.The low TDD of the GOI substrate is realized through Ge epitaxial growth, wafer bonding, and layer transfer processes on 200 mm wafers.With O 2 annealing, the TDD of the GOI substrate can be reduced to ∼1.2 × 10 6 cm -2 .LEDs fabricated on this GOI substrate exhibit record-high optical output power of 1.3 mW at a 670 nm peak wavelength under 280 mA current injection.This output power level is at least 2 times higher compared to other reports of similar devices on a silicon (Si) substrate without degrading the electrical performance.These results demonstrate great promise for the monolithic integration of visible-band optical sources with Si-based electronic circuitry and realization of high-density RGB (red, green, and blue) micro-LED arrays with control circuitry.
Effects of natural mutations in lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase on the enzyme structure and activity (1999)

A molecular model was built for human lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) based upon the structural homology between this enzyme and lipases (Peelman et al. 1998. Prot. Sci. 7: 585-597). We proposed that LCAT belongs to the alpha/beta hydrolase fold family, and that the central domain of LCAT consists of a mixed seven-stranded beta-pleated sheet with four alpha-helices and loops linking the beta-strands. The catalytic triad of LCAT was identified as Asp345 and His377, as well as Ser181. This model is used here for the interpretation of the structural defects linked to the point mutations identified in LCAT, which cause either familial LCAT deficiency (FLD) or fish-eye disease (FED). We show that these mutations occur in separate domains of the 3D structure of the enzyme. Most mutations causing familial LCAT deficiency are either clustered in the vicinity of the catalytic triad or affect conserved structural elements in LCAT. Most mutations causing fish-eye disease are localized on the outer hydrophilic surface of the amphipathic helical segments. These mutations affect only minimally the overall structure of the enzyme, but are likely to impair the interaction of the enzyme with its co-factor and/or substrate.
Dependence of Open Circuit Voltage of Amorphous Silicon Solar Cells on Thickness and Doping Level of the p-Layer (1993)

We have focused on the thickness and the boron-doping concentration of the p-layer of amorphous silicon solar cells and systematically obtained data for open circuit voltage ( V oc ) and the built-in potential to reveal the mechanism causing a high V oc . A highly doped p-layer gives a higher built-in potential in the entire thickness range, but V oc is limited by the carrier recombination caused by the doping-induced defects. A low-doped p-layer causes a higher V oc in a sufficiently thick film because less carrier recombination occurs due to the lower density of the doping-induced defects. After light-soaking, significant V oc degradation occurs with the low-doped p-layer. The light-induced defects are not negligible compared with the initial defects in the low-doped p-layer and thus more carrier recombination occurs. Moreover, some of the acceptors are compensated by light-induced defects. The highly doped p-layer, however, does not cause much V oc degradation because the light-induced defects are negligible compared with the large number of doping-induced defects and acceptors. The experimental data show that the midgap defects induced by doping or light-soaking near the p/i interface cause the V oc limitation.
Real-Time Junction Temperature Sensing for Silicon Carbide MOSFET With Different Gate Drive Topologies and Different Operating Conditions (2017)

The switching transient properties from the switching power semiconductor gate side are sensitive to the device's junction temperature (T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">j</sub> ). Real-time T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">j</sub> sensing methods based on gate drive switching transient properties have been investigated on silicon MOSFET and silicon IGBT, with a conventional push-pull-type gate drive, under fixed dc-bus voltage. In this paper, this method is applied to silicon-carbide (SiC) MOSFET. The T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">j</sub> sensing methods are evaluated with different types of gate drive topologies. By implementing the SiC MOSFETs into an H-bridge inverter, the effect of dc-bus voltage for the T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">j</sub> sensing method is investigated. Different “gate drive-semiconductor” dynamic models are built, including gate drive output power stage, gate drive parasitics, SiC MOSFET intrinsic parameters, and PCB parasitics. Experimental results are compared with circuit LTSpice model simulation. The device vertical temperature contours are evaluated. Suitable circuitry for T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">j</sub> sensitivity extraction is provided.
Progress and Research Priorities in Imaging Genomics for Heart and Lung Disease: Summary of an NHLBI Workshop (2021)

Imaging genomics is a rapidly evolving field that combines state-of-the-art bioimaging with genomic information to resolve phenotypic heterogeneity associated with genomic variation, improve risk prediction, discover prevention approaches, and enable precision diagnosis and treatment. Contemporary bioimaging methods provide exceptional resolution generating discrete and quantitative high-dimensional phenotypes for genomics investigation. Despite substantial progress in combining high-dimensional bioimaging and genomic data, methods for imaging genomics are evolving. Recognizing the potential impact of imaging genomics on the study of heart and lung disease, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute convened a workshop to review cutting-edge approaches and methodologies in imaging genomics studies, and to establish research priorities for future investigation. This report summarizes the presentations and discussions at the workshop. In particular, we highlight the need for increased availability of imaging genomics data in diverse populations, dedicated focus on less common conditions, and centralization of efforts around specific disease areas.
Safety And Feasibility Of Strength Training In Patients With Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (2019)

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a rapidly progressive and currently incurable neuromuscular disease. Understanding the role of exercise is important for these patients as high-intensity or eccentric actions can be damaging in DMD yet a lack of loading may exacerbate muscle dysfunction. While a few studies show submaximal exercise may be safe and potentially delay the loss of muscle function in DMD, no study has systematically examined the potential of strengthening exercise to improve muscle function or attenuate disease progression. PURPOSE: To examine the safety and feasibility of a pilot, in-home strengthening intervention consisting of knee extensor (KE) and flexor (KF) exercise in DMD. METHODS: Eight ambulatory boys with DMD [9.3 (0.8) yrs, BMI 19.0 (4.6) kg/m2] on corticosteroid therapy were recruited to undergo 12 weeks of isometric exercise training of the bilateral KE and KF. Exercise prescription consisted of 4 sets x 6 reps, 3x/week at a target intensity of 50% maximal volitional contraction (MVC). At baseline (BL), MVC testing and training familiarization were done for one week on site. The exercise equipment (custom built chair, laptop, and load cell) was subsequently shipped allowing for in-home training and supervision via live video conferencing for each session. Safety outcome measures to assess muscle damage included magnetic resonance proton transverse relaxation time (T2) of KE and KF, pain assessment, and creatine kinase levels at BL, 1, 6, and 12wks. Peak strength (KE and KF MVC) and time to ascend/descend 4 steps were also assessed at BL and 12wks. RESULTS: The 7 boys who completed the strength training program had a compliance of 84.9 (9.0)% for the exercise sessions. The safety measures did not indicate signs of muscle damage [non-significant change in mean T2: KE=2.3 (3.6)% and KF= 0.4 (4.6)%]. Peak torque increased by 20.6% for KE (p<0.01) and 14.3% for KF (p<0.05), and the time to ascend (13.5%, p<0.05) and descend (22.7%, p<0.05) steps improved after exercise training. CONCLUSION: This in-home, 12-week supervised strength training program was safe, feasible, and improved strength and function in boys with DMD. Future research is required to optimize the strengthening protocol and further explore its potential efficacy and clinical application.