gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
White light-emitting diode with quasisolar spectrum based on organic fluorescent dyes (2015)

We present a study of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) using organic fluorescent dyes to replace the general phosphor. The blue die with a specific organic fluorescent dye gives the LED a single color appearance. Through a color-mixing cavity, multiple LEDs are used to produce a quasisolar spectrum at a certain band and white light with a color rendering index as high as 97 at around 2800 K.
Thromboinflammatory response is increased in pancreas transplant alone versus simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation and early pancreas graft thrombosis is associated with complement activation (2023)

https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01957696, identifier NCT01957696.
[Acute Kidney Injury, Type - 3 cardiorenal syndrome, Biomarkers, Renal Replacement Therapy]. (2017)

Cardiovascular disease and major cardiovascular events represent main cause of death in both acute and chronic kidney disease patients. Kidney and heart failure are common and frequently co-exist This organ-organ interaction, also called organ cross-talk, leads to well-known definition of cardiorenal syndrome (CRS). Here we will describe cardiovascular involvement in patients with acute kidney injury (AKI). Also known as Type-3 CRS or acute reno-cardiac CRS, it occurs when AKI contributes and/or precipitates development of acute cardiac injury. AKI may directly or indirectly produces an acute cardiac event and it can be associated with volume overload, metabolic acidosis and electrolytes disorders such as hyperkalemia and hypocalcemia, coronary artery disease, left ventricular dysfunction and fibrosis which has been also described in patients with AKI with the consequence of direct negative effects on cardiac performance.
From Reaction Solvent to Crystallization Solvent, Membrane Assisted Reaction Workup and Interpretation of Membrane Performance Results by Application of Spiegler–Kedem Theory (2017)

Within practically all multistep synthetic sequences used to prepare molecular entities, a step can be found in which a change of solvent is required. Presently this is nearly always carried out by distillation process. Alternatives to distillation do, however, exist such as the nonthermal membrane based solvent exchange. Although highly efficient and useful in several circumstances, this technique is seldom carried out within an industrial setting, possibly due to some uncertainty as to the issues to be confronted. By making use of a practical example in which the Refametnib intermediate DIM-DAB (2) undergoes a solvent exchange from the reaction solvent THF to its crystallization solvent ethanol, these issues are illustrated and explained. Furthermore, the at first sight seemingly arbitrary rejection profile of DIM-DAB (2) over various membranes is explained by applying Spiegler–Kedem theory. Use of this modeling leads to a more targeted membrane screening phase, in which solute rejection is determined in a particular solvent over a number of membranes. Moreover, this model can also be used to simulate membrane performance in a solvent exchange without necessarily requiring the experimental demonstration. The simulation increases the efficiency of the experimental work by allowing a more comprehensive view of membrane performance. This in turn leads to more informed decisions of which membrane is the most suited to the requirements of the process.
Purification of Partially Resolved Enantiomeric Mixtures with the Guidance of Ternary Phase Diagram (2008)

The rationale and strategy for purification of partially resolved enantiomeric mixtures based on ternary phase diagrams are discussed. From the ternary phase diagram, one can deduce if a feasible process can be developed to upgrade the enantiomeric excess (ee) of a partially resolved enantiomeric mixture. When such a process is determined to be feasible, the optimal conditions can then be defined based on the ternary phase diagram to upgrade ee to a desirable value with maximum yield. Three ee upgrade examples of pharmaceutical processes are presented to demonstrate the importance and success of application of ternary phase diagrams in designing an optimal process.
Hot spotting and second breakdown effects on reverse I-V characteristics for mono-crystalline Si Photovoltaics (2013)

Hot spots are a common problem in photovoltaic (PV) panels that accelerate cell degradation and reduce system performance. Hot spots occur when a cell is reversed biased, sinks power, and heats the cell. At a certain threshold, the PV p-n junction goes into second breakdown and heats a small portion of the cell to very high temperatures. This study experimentally tests mono-crystalline Si cells as they hot spot at different power levels. Heating effects on the I-V characteristics during hot spotting and permanent changes after seven days of hour-long hot spot tests are observed and analyzed. I-V characteristics are significantly affected under second breakdown, which is observed when cells are reverse-biased above two times the rated maximum power level.
Magnetic Polymer Colloids for Ultrasensitive Molecular Imaging (2021)

International audience
Metallcarbonyl‐Synthesen, III. Eine ergiebige Hochdrucksynthese von Tetracarbonyl(η5‐cyclopentadienyl)niob, (η5‐C5H5)Nb(CO)4 (1979)

Syntheses of Metalcarbonyls, III. A Productive High‐Pressure Synthesis of Tetracarbonyl(η 5 ‐cyclopentadienyl)niobium, (η 5 ‐C 5 H 5 )Nb(CO) 4 Tetracarbonyl(η 5 ‐cyclopentadienyl)niobium ( 1 ), which could hitherto be prepared only in small amounts, can be synthesized with reproducible yields by reductive high‐pressure carbonylation of (η 5 ‐C 5 H 5 ) 2 NbCl 2 ( 2 ) on a 5 – 20 g scale.
Mode control in photonic crystal surface emitting lasers through in-plane feedback (2016)

Mode control in photonic crystal surface emitting lasers is demonstrated through the use of distributed, varying phase feedback introduced through cleaved facets.
Particle size analysis: AAPS workshop report, cosponsored by the Food and Drug Administration and the United States Pharmacopeia (2020)

The concepts of particle engineering and dosage form design have become dominant themes in pharmaceutical manufacturing. This trend is not simply a reflection of the development of new, more sophisticated manufacturing methods of particles or dispersed systems but also recognition of the importance of quality control even in more traditional manufacturing processes. However, the diversity of particle treatments, methods of particle size analysis, expression and interpretation of data, and process applications results in complicated and sometimes confusing criteria for selection, adoption, or relevance of the available techniques.
Nonlocal convection-diffusionvolume-constrained problems and jump processes (2014)

We introduce the Cauchy and time-dependent volume-constrained problems associated with a linear nonlocal convection-diffusion equation. These problems are shown to be well-posed and correspond to conventional convection-diffusion equations as the region of nonlocality vanishes. The problems also share a number of features such as the maximum principle, conservation and dispersion relations, all of which are consistent with their corresponding local counterparts. Moreover, these problems are the master equations for a class of finite activity Lévy-type processes with nonsymmetric Lévy measure. Monte Carlo simulations and finite difference schemes are applied to these nonlocal problems, to show the effects of time, kernel, nonlocality and different volume-constraints.
Novel fast and scalable parallel union-find ASIC implementation for real-time digital image segmentation (2015)

This paper presents a new fast and scalable Parallel Union-Find algorithm for image segmentation and its System-on-Chip (SoC) implementation using 65nm CMOS technology following the Application-Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) design flow. The algorithm is capable of labeling all foreground and background pixels, using the least possible pixels scanning. This contrasts the classical labeling algorithms that label only foreground (or background) pixels in a single run. The new algorithm utilizes only two memory blocks. In one memory block, it labels image segments using their seeds as the label and, simultaneously, the segments sizes are used as the other label in second memory block. By this parallel labeling, monitoring the image segments is very fast and efficient. With 350 MHz operating frequency, the processing rate estimated to be 2100 frames/sec, the total chip area of 15950.5 μm2 (off-chip memory) and very low-power of 0.3 mW, the SoC tends to be an excellent candidate for mobile devices and real-time applications.
Polyanhydrides (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Types of Polyanhydride Synthesis Properties In Vitro Degradation and Erosion of Polyanhydrides In Vivo Degradation and Elimination of Polyanhydrides Toxicological Aspects of Polyanhydrides Fabrication of Delivery Systems Production and World Market Biomedical Applications References
Conductance Interplay in Ion Concentration Polarization across 1D Nanochannels: Microchannel Surface Shunt and Nanochannel Conductance (2019)

Ion concentration polarization has received much interest in the past decade for lab-on-a-chip applications, primarily preconcentration of biomolecules and water desalination. Studying the basic phenomenon in microfluidics has also generated new knowledge, which could be pivotal in the design of novel devices. Many studies, however, have focused on designs featuring nanoslits/slots or surface-patterned ion-selective membranes whereas the characteristics of 1D nanochannels are still lacking. Here, we report on ion concentration polarization across highly ordered 1D nanochannels in isolation as well as in array formation. Intriguingly, the nanochannels in isolation exhibit a linear current-voltage characteristic at low salt concentrations despite the confirmed presence of ion-depletion zone, which is associated with the diffusion-limited transport and the consequent nonlinearity in the classical sense. The characteristic in array formation breaks away from the linearity with a peculiar dip in current for a critical salt concentration in the dilute limit. We describe these findings based on the interplay between the nanochannel conductance and the conductance of the neighboring microchannel walls (the so-called surface shunt). Also, the nanochannel transport is identified with the mobility of protons more closely than that of salt cations. We attribute fast transport to phosphorus-doped silicate glass, the nanochannel material known to have very fine pores likely to be populated with protons as a result of moisture and carbon dioxide adsorption from the air. The nanochannels possess a tubular profile 70 nm in nominal diameter and fabricated through thermal reflow of doped glass on silicon without using advanced lithography.
RFlow (2015)

Current user-interaction with optical gesture tracking technologies suffer from occlusions, limiting the functionality to direct line-of-sight. We introduce RFlow, a compact, medium-range interface based on Radio Frequency (RF) that enables camera-free tracking of the position of a moving hand through drywall and other occluders. Our system uses Time of Flight (TOF) RF sensors and speed-based segmentation to localize the hand of a single user with 5cm accuracy (as measured to the closest ground-truth point), enabling an interface which is not restricted to a training set.
A new robust system for 3D audio using loudspeakers (2002)

It is well known that the effectiveness of loudspeaker-based 3D audio systems is critically dependent on the listener being in a known position, the so-called "sweet spot". In this paper we propose a new system that provides increased robustness to perturbations such as head movement, reverberation, and different head shapes. The system is based on using a particular geometry that offers a combination of symmetric and asymmetric loudspeaker positions. This combination increases the bandwidth over which the proposed system is robust, when compared with existing 3D audio systems.
A Simple Entry to Pyranoid Glycals: Reaction of Anomeric Glycosyl Sulfoxides with Organolithiums (1996)

Treatment of several differently protected anomeric glycosyl sulfoxides with various organolithium reagents resulted in the formation of pyranoid glycals in yields ranging from moderate to excellent.
Backside reflectance modulation of microscale metal interconnects (2011)

The variation of backside reflectance modulation effects on metal line samples at different electrical bias and silicon backside thicknesses is investigated. Negative reflected intensity modulation is observed with temperature increase which is one to two orders of magnitude higher than published results. A backside reflectance model is developed to explain the experimental results.
Supporting End-to-End Applications Over HSDPA by Cross-Layer Signalling (2007)

A new control structure is proposed to improve user experience of wireless Internet. Information on radio bandwidth and queue length available in the radio network, close to the base station, is used in a proxy that resides between the Internet and the cellular system. The control algorithm in the proxy sets the window size according to event-triggered information on radio bandwidth changes and time-triggered information on the queue length at the wireless link. The mechanism is compared to TCP Reno in two simulation scenarios. The first scenario models a dedicated channel with stepwise changes in the bandwidth, while the second scenario models the High-speed Downlink Shared Channel recently introduced by 3GPP. The proposed mechanism significantly reduces the amount of buffer space needed in the radio network, and it also gives modest improvements to user response time and link utilization. Reduced buffering is particularly beneficial for third-party end-to-end real-time services such as voice, video, and online gaming.
Four Experiments on the Perception of Bar Charts (2014)

Bar charts are one of the most common visualization types. In a classic graphical perception paper, Cleveland & McGill studied how different bar chart designs impact the accuracy with which viewers can complete simple perceptual tasks. They found that people perform substantially worse on stacked bar charts than on aligned bar charts, and that comparisons between adjacent bars are more accurate than between widely separated bars. However, the study did not explore why these differences occur. In this paper, we describe a series of follow-up experiments to further explore and explain their results. While our results generally confirm Cleveland & McGill's ranking of various bar chart configurations, we provide additional insight into the bar chart reading task and the sources of participants' errors. We use our results to propose new hypotheses on the perception of bar charts.
Effects of polymer surface structures on liquid crystal alignment studied with molecular dynamics simulations (1996)

Abstract Effects of polymer surface structures on surface alignment of liquid crystal molecules were studied by comparison with our previous results of molecular dynamics simulations. An adsorption-related liquid crystal molecule alignment on the packed polyimide surface was found in the simulation study. In this article, we first compared the alignment on a sparse polyimide surface with the previous results of the packed polyimide surface to see effects of polymer surface density. The excluded volume effect with the polyimide domain edges additionally contributed to alignment of the liquid crystal molecules on the sparse surface, and resulted in a similar alignment structure (i.e. alignment direction and tilt angle) to the packed cases. Secondly, we made similar simulations by changing the polymer from a polyimide to a polyamide with similar polymer chain density. Differences between the corresponding packed polyimide case were found mainly in the energetics (the polyamide had about two thirds of the adsorption energy of the liquid crystal molecule as the polyimide did). The alignment structures were not so different.
Approach to Chemically Durable Nickel and Cobalt Lanthanum‐Nitride‐Based Catalysts for Ammonia Synthesis (2022)

Metal nitride complexes have recently been proposed as an efficient noble-metal-free catalyst for ammonia synthesis utilizing a dual active site concept. However, their high sensitivity to air and moisture has restricted potential applications. We report that their chemical sensitivity can be improved by introducing Al into the LaN lattice, thereby forming La-Al metallic bonds (La-Al-N). The catalytic activity and mechanism of the resulting TM/La-Al-N (TM=Ni, Co) are comparable to the previously reported TM/LaN catalyst. Notably, the catalytic activity did not degrade after exposure to air and moisture. Kinetic analysis and isotopic experiment showed that La-Al-N is responsible for N<sub>2</sub> absorption and activation despite substantial Al being introduced into its lattice because the local coordination of the lattice N remained largely unchanged. These findings show the effectiveness of metallic bond formation, which can support the chemical stability of rare-earth nitrides with retention of catalytic functionality.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Determinants of Successful CD8<sup>+</sup> T-Cell Adoptive Immunotherapy for Large Established Tumors in Mice (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 51K&lt;/p&gt;
Partitioning of cerrena unicolor laccase activity in an aqueous two-phase system (2016)

Abstract Culture supernatant containing laccase produced by Cerrena unicolor strain was used to examine laccase partitioning between phases in an aqueous two-phase system. The investigated system consisted of polyethylene glycol 3000 and sodium phosphate buffer adjusted to pH = 7. Influence of several parameters on partitioning was measured, including phase forming components’ concentrations, tie line lengths, phase volume ratio, supernatant dilution, process temperature and halogen salt supplementation. Partitioning coefficients up to 78 in the bottom phase were achieved with yields of over 90%. Tie line length and phase volume ratio had significant effect on enzyme partitioning.
Long-baseline neutrino oscillation physics potential of the DUNE experiment (2020)

The sensitivity of the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) to neutrino oscillation is determined, based on a full simulation, reconstruction, and event selection of the far detector and a full simulation and parameterized analysis of the near detector. Detailed uncertainties due to the flux prediction, neutrino interaction model, and detector effects are included. DUNE will resolve the neutrino mass ordering to a precision of 5σ, for all δCP values, after 2 years of running with the nominal detector design and beam configuration. It has the potential to observe charge-parity violation in the neutrino sector to a precision of 3σ (5σ) after an exposure of 5 (10) years, for 50% of all δCP values. It will also make precise measurements of other parameters governing long-baseline neutrino oscillation, and after an exposure of 15 years will achieve a similar sensitivity to sin 22 θ13 to current reactor experiments. © 2020, The Author(s).
Advances in Liquid‐Electrolyte and Solid‐State Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells (2007)

Abstract This Progress Report highlights recent developments in dye‐sensitized solar cells composed of both liquid electrolytes and solid‐state hole transport materials. The authors discuss and review the present understanding of and recent developments in the operational processes, such as charge generation, transport, recombination, and charge collection. Also, the merits and challenges of alternative device approaches are discussed, including extremely thin absorber cells, devices containing inorganic p‐type hole‐transporters and non‐TiO 2 mesoporous metal‐oxide electrodes employed in dye‐sensitized solar cells.
S2DNet: Learning Accurate Correspondences for Sparse-to-Dense Feature\n Matching (2020)

Establishing robust and accurate correspondences is a fundamental backbone to\nmany computer vision algorithms. While recent learning-based feature matching\nmethods have shown promising results in providing robust correspondences under\nchallenging conditions, they are often limited in terms of precision. In this\npaper, we introduce S2DNet, a novel feature matching pipeline, designed and\ntrained to efficiently establish both robust and accurate correspondences. By\nleveraging a sparse-to-dense matching paradigm, we cast the correspondence\nlearning problem as a supervised classification task to learn to output highly\npeaked correspondence maps. We show that S2DNet achieves state-of-the-art\nresults on the HPatches benchmark, as well as on several long-term visual\nlocalization datasets.\n
Expression of γ‐tocopherol methyltransferase in chloroplasts results in massive proliferation of the inner envelope membrane and decreases susceptibility to salt and metal‐induced oxidative stresses by reducing reactive oxygen species (2014)

The γ-tocopherol methyltransferase (γ-TMT) is an important enzyme regulating synthesis of four tocopherols (α, γ, β and δ). In this report, we investigated the role of γ-TMT in regulating abiotic stress within chloroplasts. The At γ-tmt overexpressed via the tobacco chloroplast genome accumulated up to 7.7% of the total leaf protein, resulting in massive proliferation of the inner envelope membrane (IEM, up to eight layers). Such high-level expression of γ-TMT converted most of γ-tocopherol to α-tocopherol in transplastomic seeds (~10-fold higher) in the absence of abiotic stress. When grown in 400 mm NaCl, α-tocopherol content in transplastomic TMT leaves increased up to 8.2-fold and 2.4-fold higher than wild-type leaves. Likewise, under heavy metal stress, α-tocopherol content in the TMT leaves increased up to 7.5-fold, twice higher than in the wild type. Under extreme salt stress, the wild type accumulated higher starch and total soluble sugars, but TMT plants were able to regulate sugar transport. Hydrogen peroxide and superoxide content in wild type increased up to 3-fold within 48 h of NaCl stress when compared to TMT plants. The ion leakage from TMT leaves was significantly less than wild-type plants under abiotic stress and with less malondialdehyde, indicating lower lipid peroxidation. Taken together, these studies show that α-tocopherol plays a crucial role in the alleviation of salt and heavy metal stresses by decreasing ROS, lipid peroxidation and ion leakage, in addition to enhancing vitamin E conversion. Increased proliferation of the IEM should facilitate studies on retrograde signalling from chloroplast to the nucleus.
Monte Carlo simulation of branched and crosslinked polymers (1996)

Novel Monte Carlo simulation techniques are presented for efficient isobaric–isothermal simulations of branched chains and polymer networks with tri- and tetra-functional sites. Molecular rearrangements are performed by means of extended continuum configurational bias moves applied to single-path polymer portions. Volume fluctuations are performed via slab moves, which are extended in this work to effectively handle networks of arbitrary complexity. These methods are applied to determine the volumetric properties of linear and branched chains (with athermal and square-well interaction sites). Novel results are also presented for the compressibility of athermal and thermal polymer networks having a perfect, diamondlike connectivity.