gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photonic Crystals with a Defect Fabricated by Two-Photon Polymerization for the Infrared Spectral Range (2021)

One-dimensional photonic crystals composed of alternating layers with high- and low-density were fabricated using two-photon polymerization from a single photosensitive polymer for the infrared spectral range. By introducing single high-density layers to break the periodicity of the photonic crystals, a narrow-band defect mode is induced. The defect mode is located in the center of the photonic bandgap of the one-dimensional photonic crystal. The fabricated photonic crystals were investigated using infrared reflection measurements. Stratified-layer optical models were employed in the design and characterization of the spectral response of the photonic crystals. A very good agreement was found between the model-calculated and measured reflection spectra. The geometric parameters of the photonic crystals obtained as a result of the optical model analysis were found to be in good agreement with the nominal dimensions of the photonic crystal constituents. This is supported by complimentary scanning electron microscope imaging, which verified the model-calculated, nominal layer thicknesses. Conventionally, the accurate fabrication of such structures would require layer-independent print parameters, which are difficult to obtain with high precision. In this study an alternative approach is employed, using density-dependent scaling factors, introduced here for the first time. Using these scaling factors a fast and true-to-design method for the fabrication of layers with significantly different surface-to-volume ratios. The reported observations furthermore demonstrate that the location and amplitude of defect modes is extremely sensitive to any layer thickness non-uniformities in the photonic crystal structure. Considering these capabilities, one-dimensional photonic crystals engineered with defect modes can be employed as narrow band filters, for instance, while also providing a method to quantify important fabrication parameters.
Magnetotelluric Experiment probes deep physical state of southeastern United States (1996)

A combined continental‐oceanic magnetotelluric (MT) transect of the southern Appalachians orogenic belt has been completed that spans nearly 600 km on land and extends over 1000 km offshore beneath the Atlantic Ocean (Figure 1). The study is revealing the long‐term changes in the lithosphere that occur as active subduction regimes degenerate to fossil regimes, and tests the degree to which the latter are modified by subsequent extension. The electrical resistivity structure of active subduction has been examined by several researchers in recent years [ Wannamaker and Hohmann , 1991; Jones , 1993], but here is the first thorough examination of a currently passive, former convergent margin.
Asymmetric enone epoxidation by short solid‐phase bound peptides: Further evidence for catalyst helicity and catalytic activity of individual peptide strands (2005)

In the presence of short solid-phase bound peptide catalysts, the Juliá-Colonna epoxidation of enones (such as chalcone) with hydrogen peroxide can be performed with high enantiomeric excess (> or = 95% ee). It was proposed earlier (A. Berkessel, N. Gasch, K. Glaubitz, C. Koch, Organic Letters, 2001, Vol. 3, pp. 3839-3842) that this remarkable catalysis is governed by the N-terminus of individual and helical peptide strands. This mechanistic proposal was scrutinized further. (i) Nonaggregation of the peptide catalysts: five solid-phase bound statistic mixtures (0/100; 30/70; 50/50; 70/30; 100/0) of D-Leu and L-Leu heptamers were generated and assayed as catalysts. A linear dependence of the epoxide ee on the enantiomeric composition of the catalysts resulted. (ii) Catalyst helicity [introduction of the helix-stabilizing C(alpha)-methyl-L-leucine, L-(alphaMe)Leu]: solid-phase bound Leu/(alphaMe)Leu-pentamers of composition TentaGel-NH-[(alphaMe)-L-Leu]n-(L-Leu)m-H (n = 0-4; m = 5-n) were prepared and assayed as catalysts. The introduction of up to two (alphaMe)-L-Leu residues (n = 1, 2) significantly enhanced the catalyst activity relative to the L-Leu homopentamer (n = 0). Higher (alphaMe)-L-Leu contents (n = 3, 4) led to a decrease in both catalyst activity and enantiopurity of the product epoxide. In summary, both the individual catalytic action of the peptide strands and the helical conformation as the catalytically competent state of the peptide catalysts were further supported.
Performance comparison of routing protocols over smart utility networks: A simulation study (2013)

With the rapid increase in deployment of smart meters across North America, utility resources such as water, gas and electricity consumption data is being collected at a much higher granular level. The huge amount of data is being used to make demand-response applications smarter. A large part of this deployment of smart utility networks and Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) is being done using the wireless mesh architecture due to the low deployment costs offered by this method. Although wireless environment parameters such as fading and path loss differ widely from home, outdoor to industrial, in-building scenarios, efficient protocols at the Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical (PHY) layers and lower layer agnostic data routing protocols can be employed to overcome these challenges. For such routing protocols to be applicable to smart utility networks, reliability and scalability are vital metrics which will determine the performance in such networks. In this paper, we analyze reliability and scalability of three such routing protocols, viz. RPL (IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low power and Lossy Networks), LOAD (6LoWPAN Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing) and a proprietary flavor of Geographical Routing.
Resource-efficient and reliable long term wireless monitoring of the photoplethysmographic signal (2011)

Wearable photoplethysmogram (PPG) sensors are extensively used for remote monitoring of blood oxygen level and flow rate in numerous pervasive healthcare applications with diverse quality of service requirements. These sensors operate under severe resource constraints and communicate over an adverse wireless channel with human body-induced path loss and mobility-caused fading. In this paper, we take a generative model-based data collection approach towards achieving energy-efficient and reliable PPG monitoring. We develop two models that can generate synthetic PPG signals given a set of input parameters. These generative models are then used to design and implement a resource-efficient, reliable data reporting method for wireless PPG sensors. We investigate the performance of our method under realistic wireless channel error models and provide methods to improve accuracy at a marginal energy cost. We implement the proposed technique using existing sensor platforms and evaluate its performance on two datasets: the MIMIC database and data collected using commercial wearable sensors. Results for wearable sensor-based data show bandwidth and communication energy savings of 300:1, while maintaining a diagnostic accuracy above 94%.
Fecal Influenza in Mammals: Selection of Novel Variants (2013)

ABSTRACT In aquatic birds, influenza A viruses mainly replicate in the intestinal tract without significantly affecting the health of the host, but in mammals, they replicate in the respiratory tract and often cause disease. Occasionally, influenza viruses have been detected in stool samples of hospitalized patients and in rectal swabs of naturally or experimentally infected mammals. In this study, we compared the biological and molecular differences among four wild-type avian H1N1 influenza viruses and their corresponding fecal and lung isolates in DBA/2J and BALB/cJ mice. All fecal and lung isolates were more pathogenic than the original wild-type viruses, when inoculated into mice of both strains. The increased virulence was associated with the acquisition of genetic mutations. Most of the novel genotypes emerged as PB2 E627K , HA F128V , HA F454L , or HA H300P variations, and double mutations frequently occurred in the same isolate. However, influenza virus strain- and host-specific differences were also observed in terms of selected variants. The avian H1N1 virus of shorebird origin appeared to be unique in its ability to rapidly adapt to BALB/cJ mice via the fecal route, compared to the adaptability of the H1N1 virus of mallard origin. Furthermore, a bimodal distribution in fecal shedding was observed in mice infected with the fecal isolates, while a normal distribution was observed after infection with the lung isolates or wild-type virus. Fecal isolates contained HA mutations that increased the activation pH of the HA protein. We conclude that influenza virus variants that emerge in fecal isolates in mammals might influence viral transmission, adaptation to mammals, and viral ecology or evolution.
Therapeutic Monitoring of Cyclosporine, FK-506, and Rapamycin (1992)

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Alberta Hospitals, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada *Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
The hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase system in Ehrlich-ascites-tumour-bearing mice (1993)

To examine the effects of the presence of Ehrlich ascites tumours on both the catalytic unit and the substrate/product translocase components of the glucose-6-phosphatase system in vivo, we isolated microsomes from the livers of control and tumour-bearing mice. Samples were analysed immunochemically for the quantity of catalytic unit, stabilizing protein and translocases T2 and T3 proteins. In comparison experiments, a variety of kinetic studies were performed. The most striking findings in tumour-bearing mice were: a 2.5-fold increase in the quantity of translocase T2 protein; increases in the Km and Vmax. for glucose 6-phosphate phosphohydrolase; and a decrease in the Km value for carbamoyl phosphate (carbamoyl-P) of carbamoyl-P:glucose phosphotransferase, all with intact microsomes. The percentage latency at Vmax. decreased for PPi phosphohydrolase and for glucose 6-phosphate phosphohydrolase, but was unaffected for carbamoyl-P:glucose phosphotransferase. These observations support a tumour-related increase in translocase T2 capacity in vivo, as it transports Pi from the microsomal lumen to the medium and carbamoyl-P or PPi from the medium to the microsomal lumen.
Dopaminergic D1and D2Receptors Are Essential for the Arousal Effect of Modafinil (2008)

Modafinil is a wake-promoting compound with low abuse potential used in the treatment of narcolepsy. Although the compound is reported to affect multiple neurotransmitter systems such as catecholamines, serotonin, glutamate, GABA, orexin, and histamine, however, the molecular mechanism by which modafinil increases wakefulness is debated. Herein we used dopamine (DA) D(2) receptor (D(2)R)-deficient mice combined with D(1)R- and D(2)R-specific antagonists to clarify the role of DA receptors in the arousal effects of modafinil. In wild-type mice, intraperitoneal modafinil induced wakefulness in a dose-dependent manner. Pretreatment with either D(1)R antagonist SCH23390 [R-(+)-7-chloro-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine] at 30 microg/kg or D(2)R antagonist raclopride at 2 mg/kg blocked the arousal effects of low-dose modafinil at 22.5 and 45 mg/kg. When modafinil was given at 90 and 180 mg/kg, pretreatment of D(1)R antagonist did not affect the wakefulness at all, whereas D(2)R antagonist significantly attenuated the wakefulness to the half level compared with vehicle control. Similarly, D(2)R knock-out (KO) mice exhibited attenuated modafinil-induced wakefulness. However, pretreatment of D(2)R KO mice with D(1)R antagonist completely abolished arousal effects of modafinil. These findings strongly indicate that dopaminergic D(1)R and D(2)R are essential for the wakefulness induced by modafinil.
Estudio de la respuesta inmune en la infección por el virus de la hepatitis C (2009)

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Nonlinear noise reduction based on zero‐crossing representations of a wavelet transform (1995)

Abstract A novel nonlinear noise reduction method that effectively reduces both impulsive and Gaussian noise is proposed and investigated. In the proposed method, a zero‐crossing representation that is a kind of compressed description of the coefficients of a multiscale wavelet transform is obtained first and then, using characteristics of the transform coefficients, any noise that is thought to have entered the zero‐crossing representation is suppressed. Noise reduction is achieved by reconstructing the image from the modified zero‐crossing representation. It is shown that, compared to nonlinear filtering methods, the proposed method is more effective for simultaneously reducing both impulsive and Gaussian noise for one‐ dimensional signals and two‐dimensional image signals.
Surface engineering of living myoblasts via selective periodate oxidation (2003)

Cell surface molecules are vital for normal cell activity. To study the functions of these molecules or manipulate cell behavior, the ability to decorate cell surfaces with bioactive molecules of our choosing is a potentially powerful technique. Here, we describe the molecular engineering of living L6 myoblast monolayers via selective periodate oxidation of sialic acid residues and the application of this surface modification in the artificial aggregation of cells. The aldehyde groups generated by this reaction were used to selectively ligate a model molecule, biotin hydrazide, to the cell surfaces. Flow cytometry analysis after staining with fluorescently conjugated avidin revealed a concentration-dependent increase in fluorescence compared to untreated cells with a maximal shift of 345.1 +/- 27.4-fold and an EC(50) of 17.4 +/- 1.1 microM. This mild oxidation reaction did not affect cell number, viability, or morphology. We then compared this chemical technique with the metabolic incorporation of reactive cell surface ketone groups using N-levulinoylmannosamine (ManLev). In this cell line, only a 22.3-fold fluorescence shift was observed compared to untreated cells when myoblasts were incubated with a high concentration of ManLev for 48 hours. Periodate oxidation was then used to modify myoblast surfaces to induce cell aggregation. Crosslinking biotinylated myoblasts, which do not spontaneously aggregate in culture, with avidin resulted in the rapid formation of millimeter-sized, multicellular structures. These data indicate that sodium periodate treatment is an effective, noncytotoxic method for the in vitro molecular engineering of living cell surfaces with the potential for cell biology and tissue engineering applications.
Data from Paxillin Is a Target for Somatic Mutations in Lung Cancer: Implications for Cell Growth and Invasion (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Lung cancer is characterized by abnormal cell growth and invasion, and the actin cytoskeleton plays a major role in these processes. The focal adhesion protein paxillin is a target of a number of oncogenes involved in key signal transduction and important in cell motility and migration. In lung cancer tissues, we have found that paxillin was highly expressed (compared with normal lung), amplified (12.1%, 8 of 66) and correlated with increased &lt;i&gt;MET&lt;/i&gt; and epidermal growth factor receptor (&lt;i&gt;EGFR&lt;/i&gt;) gene copy numbers, or mutated (somatic mutation rate of 9.4%, 18 of 191). Paxillin mutations (19 of 21) were clustered between LD motifs 1 and 2 and the LIM domains. The most frequent point mutation (A127T) enhanced lung cancer cell growth, colony formation, focal adhesion formation, and colocalized with Bcl-2 &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt;. Gene silencing from RNA interference of mutant paxillin led to reduction of cell viability. A murine &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; xenograft model of A127T paxillin showed an increase in tumor growth, cell proliferation, and invasion. These results establish an important role for paxillin in lung cancer. [Cancer Res 2007;68(1):132–42]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Akt and p38 MAPK synergize with tyrosine kinase inhibitors and effectively override stroma-associated cytoprotection of mutant FLT3-positive AML cells (2013)

Tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)-treated acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients commonly show rapid and significant peripheral blood blast cell reduction, however a marginal decrease in bone marrow blasts. This suggests a protective environment and highlights the need for a greater understanding of stromal:leukemia cell communication. To address this, we used a novel adherent stroma-based co-culture system as the foundation for a chemical screen designed to identify novel kinase inhibitors capable of potentiating the apoptosis-inducing effects of TKIs against adherent stroma-protected mutant FLT3-positive cells. Screenings led to the identification of selective inhibitors of Akt and MAPK, mediators of signaling pathways implicated in TKI exposure-induced drug resistance, and found to be activated in stromal cells in direct contact with leukemia. Although constitutive MAPK and Akt activation is characteristic of mutant FLT3-transformed cells, our screen suggests that Akt and MAPK may play an unexpected role in stromal protection of TKI-treated cells. In addition, it is common to observe residual Akt and MAPK activity following FLT3 inhibitor treatment. Our findings highlight the potential importance of these signaling factors in leukemia survival and stromal protection of TKI-treated leukemia, and support the use of the co-culture chemical screen to identify agents able to potentiate TKI anti-leukemia activity. 

Key words: acute myeloid leukemia, FLT3 inhibitor, multi-targeted kinase inhibitor, PKC412, AC220, Akt, p38 MAPK, stromal-mediated chemoresistance, synergy
Genetic and chemical inhibition of IRF5 suppresses pre-existing mouse lupus-like disease (2021)

The transcription factor IRF5 has been implicated as a therapeutic target for the autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, IRF5 activation status during the disease course and the effects of IRF5 inhibition after disease onset are unclear. Here, we show that SLE patients in both the active and remission phase have aberrant activation of IRF5 and interferon-stimulated genes. Partial inhibition of IRF5 is superior to full inhibition of type I interferon signaling in suppressing disease in a mouse model of SLE, possibly due to the function of IRF5 in oxidative phosphorylation. We further demonstrate that inhibition of IRF5 via conditional Irf5 deletion and a newly developed small-molecule inhibitor of IRF5 after disease onset suppresses disease progression and is effective for maintenance of remission in mice. These results suggest that IRF5 inhibition might overcome the limitations of current SLE therapies, thus promoting drug discovery research on IRF5 inhibitors.
Crystal fibers for high power lasers (2013)

In this paper, we present our recent progress in developing single crystal fibers for high power single frequency fiber lasers. The optical, spectral and morphological properties as well as the loss and gain measured from these crystal fibers drawn by Laser Heated Pedestal Growth (LHPG) system are also discussed. Results on application of various cladding materials on the crystal core and the methods of fiber end-face polishing are also presented.
Modulation of NMDA receptor function by cyclic AMP in cerebellar neurones in culture (2004)

The signal transduction pathways involved in NMDA receptor modulation by other receptors remain unclear. cAMP could be involved in this modulation. The aim of this work was to analyse the contribution of cAMP to NMDA receptor modulation in cerebellar neurones in culture. Forskolin increases cAMP and results in increased intracellular calcium and cGMP that are prevented by blocking NMDA receptors. Similar effects were induced by two cAMP analogues, indicating that cAMP leads to NMDA receptor activation. It has been reported that phosphorylation of Ser897 of the NR1 subunit of NMDA receptors by cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) activates the receptors. Forskolin increases Ser897 phosphorylation. Neither Ser897 phosphorylation nor cGMP increase induced by forskolin are prevented by four inhibitors of PKA, suggesting that NMDA receptor activation is dependent on cAMP but not on PKA. Inhibition of Akt prevents forskolin-induced phosphorylation of Ser897, suggesting a role for Akt in the mediation of the modulation of NMDA receptors by cAMP. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) activates its receptors, increasing cAMP and also leading to phosphorylation of Ser897 of NR1 and activation of NMDA receptors. These results indicate that cAMP modulates NMDA receptor in cerebellar neurones and may play a role in NMDA receptor modulation by other receptors.
Research Trend of Physical Skill Science-Towards Elucidation of Physical Skill- (2005)

Physical skills and language skills are both fundamental intelligent abilities of human being. In this paper, we focus our attention to such sophisticated physical skills as playing sports and playing instruments and introduce research activities aiming at elucidating and verbalizing them. This research area has been launched recently. We introduce approaches from physical modeling, measurements and data analysis, cognitive science and human interface. We also discuss such issues as skill acquisition and its support systems. Furthermore, we consider a fundamental issue of individual differences occurring in every application of skill elucidation. Finally we introduce several attempts of skill elucidation in the fields of dancing, manufacturing, playing string instruments, sports science and medical care.
Precision guided firearms: disruptive small arms technology (2013)

Precision Guided Firearms (PGFs) employ target tracking, a Heads-Up Display, and advanced fire control technology to amplify shooting precision at long range by eliminating the most common sources of shooter error, including aim, trigger jerk, and shot setup miscalculation. Regardless of skill level or experience, PGFs significantly increase first shot success probability when compared to traditional technology, even at extreme ranges of 1,200 yards or more. More than just a scope, PGFs are fully integrated systems based on standard caliber bolt action or semi-automatic rifles with a Networked Tracking Scope, Guided Trigger and precision conventional ammunition. Onboard wireless technology allows PGFs to connect with local and wide area networks to deliver voice, video and data to mobile devices and various communication networks. These technologies allow shooters to be more accurate, engage multiple targets at unknown ranges quickly, track and engage moving targets, and communicate via command and control networks.
Nonlinear mode interaction as a mechanism to obtain slow/fast light in diode lasers (2006)

The nonlinear mode interactions (NMIs) in semiconductor lasers produce perturbations of optical parameters in the vicinity of strong-mode frequencies. These perturbations include changes in the complex refractive index, which could either increase or decrease, depending on the frequency detuning. Variation of the refractive index over a small frequency range may produce a rather strong variation of the group index. There are regimes of slow light (large group index), fast light (group index smaller than the phase index), and a range of negative group index. Critically anomalous dispersion conditions occur when the group index changes its sign. Thus, the NMIs in diode lasers and in semiconductor optical amplifiers can be used to obtain slow or fast light. A specific application is considered for gyroscopic laser devices that are sensitive to dispersion. It is shown that the fast light phenomenon can be used to increase the scale factor in a gyro without increasing its size.