gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Parameterization and validation of a lumped parameter diffusion model for fuel cell stack membrane humidity estimation (2004)

We present here a model for estimating the electrode humidity of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stack. We use this model to develop a nonlinear open loop estimator of the membrane humidity based on monitoring the pressure and temperature entering and exiting the electrodes, as well as the upstream humidity of each electrode. This lumped parameter model, calibrated and experimentally validated, quantifies the average vapor mass transport across a 24 cell, PEMFC stack of 1.4 kW continuous power output. The experimental method devised here for the parameterization of the model is simple and reproducible. The estimator can be used to develop a systematic procedure for warming up and humidifying PEMFC stacks prior to connection of a load.
Developmental and regional expression pattern of a novel NMDA receptor- like subunit (NMDAR-L) in the rodent brain (1995)

A novel NMDA receptor-like (NMDAR-L) cDNA was isolated that contained an open reading frame coding for a predicted polypeptide of 1115 amino acids that shares approximately 27% identity with NMDA receptor subunits. In situ hybridization experiments indicated that NMDAR-L mRNA was expressed in the developing rodent CNS. On postnatal day 1 (P1), NMDAR-L mRNA expression was pronounced in the entorhinal cortex, the subiculum and the thalamus, in layer V of the developing neocortex, in the superior and inferior colliculi, and various regions of the hindbrain, excluding the cerebellum. On P5, NMDAR-L mRNA was expressed in layer V of the neocortex, in the entorhinal cortex, in the subiculum, and in the thalamus. On P14, NMDAR-L mRNA was expressed in layers II-VI of the neocortex, in the entorhinal and piriform cortex, in the subiculum and CA1 field, and in the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract. In the adult brain, NMDAR-L mRNA was detected predominately in the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract. Injection of NMDAR-L cRNA into Xenopus oocytes did not lead to the expression of homomeric glutamate-activated channels. However, coinjection of the triple combination of NMDAR-L with NMDAR1 and NMDAR2B cRNAs led to a striking decrease in the current magnitude compared to currents obtained after coexpression of the double combination of NMDAR1 with NMDAR2B. While the function of NMDAR-L remains to be established, its developmental and regional expression pattern suggests that NMDAR-L may influence axonal outgrowth and synaptogenesis during brain development.
Inactivation of Fusidic Acid by Pathogenic Nocardia. (1999)

While Nocardia species produce manyantibiotics such as SF24751}, brasiliquinones2), brasilidine A3), nocardi-cyclins4), brasilinolide A5) and brasilicandine A6), some
Gain calculation for Er/Yb-doped fiber amplifiers (2004)

Gain and output power as a function of pump power has been calculated for short Er/Yb doped single mode fibers for various fiber parameters. The calculation shows (i) small signal gain increases with increasing Er concentration, (ii) long fiber lengths provide both higher gain and higher output, (iii) calculated gain is larger for higher Er emission cross section, and, (iv) >25 dB gain is feasible for 5 cm long fiber for Er and Yb concentrations of 3 X 10<sup>26</sup> m<sup>-3 </sup>and 1.2 X 10<sup>27</sup> m<sup>-3</sup>.
Machine learning for inferring phase connectivity in distribution networks (2015)

The connectivity model of a power distribution network can easily become outdated due to system changes occurring in the field. Maintaining and sustaining an accurate connectivity model is a key challenge for distribution utilities worldwide. This work focuses on inferring customer to phase connectivity using machine learning techniques. Using voltage time series measurements collected from customer smart meters as the feature set for training classifiers, we study the performance of supervised, semi-supervised and unsupervised techniques. We report analysis and field validation results based on real smart meter measurements collected from three feeder circuits of a large distribution network in North America.
The role of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide in prognostic evaluation of heart failure (2019)

Heart failure (HF) is a growing challenge in the Asia Pacific region. N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) is a well-established tool for diagnosis of HF; however, it is relatively underutilized in predicting adverse outcomes in HF. Multiple studies have demonstrated the prognostic role of NT-proBNP in HF. A single value of NT-proBNP >5000 pg/mL predicts a worse outcome in hospitalized patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). In stable outpatients with HFrEF, NT-proBNP > 1000 pg/mL predicts a poorer prognosis. NT-proBNP provides the same prognostic information in patients with HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) as in those with HFrEF. An expert panel composed of cardiologists mainly from Asia Pacific region was convened to discuss the utility of NT-proBNP in HF prognostication. This article summarizes available scientific evidence and consensus recommendations from the meeting.
Distinguishing spin pumping from spin rectification in lateral spin pumping device architectures based on doped organic semiconductors (2022)

Over the last two decades organic spintronics has developed into a striving field with exciting reports of long spin diffusion lengths and spin relaxation times in organic semiconductors (OSCs). Easily processed and inexpensive, OSCs are considered a potential alternative to inorganic materials for use in spintronic applications. Spin currents have been detected in a wide range of materials; however, there is still uncertainty over the origin of the signals. Recently, we explored spin transport through an organic semiconductor with lateral spin injection and detection architectures, where the injected spin current is detected nonlocally via spin-to-charge conversion in an inorganic detector. In this work we show that the widely used control experiments like linear power dependence and inversion of the signal with the magnetic field are not sufficient evidence of spin transport and can lead to an incorrect interpretation of the signal. Here, we use in-plane angular dependent measurements to separate pure spin signal from parasitic effects arising from spin rectification. Apart from well established anisotropic magnetoresistance and the anomalous Hall effect, we observe another spurious effect originating in Py and having the same angular symmetry as the inverse spin Hall effect (ISHE), which suggests it might be a self-induced ISHE.
Experimental Measurements Of Partial Phase Conjugation By Random Phase Screens (1989)

The experimental measurements of enhanced backscattering for a laser beam propagating through random screens is presented here. A 10 cm collimated laser beam was transmitted through a random phase screen and reflected back through the same screen by a mirror placed in the near field behind the screen. The laser beam was then imaged at infinity and the averaged scattered intensity was measured. Directly in the backscattered direction an enchancement peak was observed. The width of this peak was near the diffraction limit, while the height was about a factor of two larger than the normal large scattering element observed from phase screens.
Estimation of Formation Properties Using Multiprobe Formation Tester in Layered Reservoirs (1998)

Abstract Vertical interference tests across stylolite zones were carried out in a number of wells using the wireline multiprobe formation tester as a part of the reservoir characterization for the pilot gas injection areas in a Middle East Carbonate reservoir. For each test, the pressure and flow rate at the sink probe and pressures at the horizontal and two vertical observation probes were recorded as a function of time. For the interpretation of the pressure measurements from these tests, a detailed reservoir model was constructed based on the field geology and openhole logs, particularly resistivity images. Vertical communication across tested zones and individual layer horizontal and vertical permeabilities are obtained. High permeability zones were identified with some lateral continuity across wells. Some zones were found to be local permeability barriers with well developed stylolite zones. The results will be used in the modeling of a pilot gas injection study. P. 479
Transactive Energy for EV Owners and Aggregators: Mechanism and Algorithms (2023)

The increasing penetration of electric vehicles (EVs) brings new flexibility in power grid operation. As EVs serve the main purpose of transportation, EV owners will charge their vehicles based on their driving patterns. Given the clustering charging behavior, uncontrolled charging can burden the distribution grid, increasing system operation costs. As a distributed energy resource (DER) with a highly mobile and distributed nature, aggregated EVs also have the capabilities to provide ancillary services to the power grid to alleviate voltage violations and/or regulate frequency. This paper proposes a new bilateral trading and auctioning mechanism between aggregators and EVs. In this environment, EVs and aggregators can trade energy and ancillary services in a decentralized manner. The proposed EV transactive energy methodology for auctioning and clearing is based on the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) optimization and blockchain technology. Simulation results for the proposed EV TRADing of Energy and Services (EV-TRADES) environment are provided using the NYISO market price data. Numerical results demonstrate the capability to coordinate EV charging and incentivize EVs to provide ancillary services.
Analysis of carotenogenic gene expression in petals and leaves of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) (2013)

Abstract Carnation ( D ianthus caryophyllus L .) belongs to the family C aryophyllaceae in the order C aryophyllales. Plants in this order do not accumulate carotenoids in petals. To understand how carotenoid accumulation is controlled in carnation petals, we analysed the expression of genes related to carotenoid accumulation. Petals at an early stage of development accumulated small amounts of carotenoids. As petals matured, their carotenoid content decreased to extremely low levels. In contrast, carnation leaves contained substantial amounts of carotenoids that are essential for photosynthesis. Most of the carotenogenic genes were expressed in petals at levels similar to those in leaves, and the expression levels of these genes increased during petal development. Genes encoding phytoene synthase and lycopene ε‐cyclase were exceptions. Their expression levels in petals were very low compared with those in leaves. Expression of the gene encoding carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 4 was detected in neither leaves nor petals. These data suggest that the low levels of carotenoids in carnation petals are caused not by enzymatic degradation but rather by low rates of carotenoid biosynthesis.
Genes for Chromosomal Proteins Expressed before and after Meiosis a (1987)

Cloned gene sequences have been isolated for two testis-specific chromosomal proteins, one of which, histone (H1t), appears during meiosis, whereas the other, transition protein 1 (TP1), appears only during the later steps of spermatid development. Aspects of the regulation of each gene have been examined. In the case of H1t, analysis of its promoter region shows that it contains excellent matches to each of the four sequence homologies identified for the usual somatic H1 variants, so that the factor(s) that restrict H1t expression to spermatocytes remain a mystery. In the case of TP1, a cDNA clone allowed identification of its message by Northern blots as well as by in situ hybridization. The message appears postmeiotically in late round spermatids but is translationally repressed until the spermatid nucleus begins to condense.
Immunomodulators as adjuvants for vaccines and antimicrobial therapy (2010)

A highly effective strategy for combating infectious diseases is to enhance host defenses using immunomodulators, either preventatively, through vaccination, or therapeutically. The effectiveness of many vaccines currently in use is due in part to adjuvants, molecules that have little immunogenicity by themselves but which help enhance and appropriately skew the immune response to an antigen. The development of new vaccines necessitates the development of new types of adjuvants to ensure an appropriate immune response. Herein, we review commonly used vaccine adjuvants and discuss promising adjuvant candidates. We also discuss various other immunomodulators (namely cytokines, Toll-like receptor agonists, and host defense peptides) that are, or have potential to be, useful for antimicrobial therapies that exert their effects by boosting host immune responses rather than targeting pathogens directly.
Mechanisms and the Current State of Deep Brain Stimulation in Neuropsychiatry (2003)

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is established as a therapy for movement disorders, and it is an investigational treatment in other neurologic conditions. DBS precisely targets neuroanatomical targets deep within the brain that are proposed to be centrally involved in the pathophysiology of some neuropsychiatric illnesses. DBS is nonablative, offering the advantages of reversibility and adjustability. This might permit therapeutic effectiveness to be enhanced or side effects to be minimized. Preclinical and clinical studies have shown effects of DBS locally, at the stimulation target, and at a distance, via actions on fibers of passage or across synapses. Although its mechanisms of action are not fully elucidated, several effects have been proposed to underlie the therapeutic effects of DBS in movement disorders, and potentially in other conditions as well. The mechanisms of action of DBS are the focus of active investigation in a number of clinical and preclinical laboratories. As in severe movement disorders, DBS may offer a degree of hope for patients with intractable neuropsychiatric illness. It is already clear that research intended to realize this potential will require a very considerable commitment of resources, energy, and time across disciplines including psychiatry, neurosurgery neurology, neuropsychology, bioengineering, and bioethics. These investigations should proceed cautiously.
Eine konvergente Totalsynthese von Calicheamicin γI1 (1994)

Konvergenter geht's nicht: Dank einer ausgeklügelten Schutzgruppenstrategie gelingt das „Endspiel”︁ der Totalsynthese von Calicheamicin γ , aus dem Aglycon ent ‐ 1 (siehe vorherigen Beitrag; R = SSMe, ketalgeschützt) und dem Glycosyl‐Donor 2 in nur drei Schritten: Kupplung, Deketalisierung und Abspaltung der Schutzgruppen. magnified image
Genome-scale resources for Thermoanaerobacterium saccharolyticum (2015)

These data will be a useful asset for efforts to develop T. saccharolyticum for efficient industrial production of biofuels. The resources presented herein may also be useful on a comparative basis for development of other lignocellulose degrading microbes, such as Clostridium thermocellum.
A diabetes management system empowering patients to reach optimised glucose control: From monitor to advisor (2010)

The DIAdvisor is an EC/FP7 funded project aiming at the development of a Blood Glucose prediction device which uses easily available information to optimise the therapy of patients with diabetes.
Second-Harmonic Generation in Periodically-Poled Thin Film Lithium Niobate on Silicon (2016)

Thin films of lithium niobate are wafer-bonded onto oxidized silicon substrates and periodically poled for quasi-phase matching to demonstrate second-harmonic generation in submicron waveguides with a record-high conversion efficiency of 730 %W−1cm−2.
Computational Tools for Optimized Design of Advanced Traveling Wave Tubes (2000)

Abstract : Research and development of optimized vacuum electronic sources utilizing advanced computational codes and state-of-the-art micro- fabrication techniques were performed focusing on using micromachining to develop THz regime folded-waveguide traveling-wave tubes (TWTs). Successful development of THz TWTs has enormous potential for low-cost, extremely-high-data-rate (> 10 GB/s) advanced digital communications capabilities, as well as lower cost, higher yield production of millimeter-wave slow-wave amplifiers for air-borne radar and missile seeker technologies. To address the need for compact THz radiation sources (amplifiers and oscillators), micro-fabricated TWTs were invented under this program and feasibility analyses were completed resulting in representative designs for a 56 mW, 560 GHz recirculated feedback oscillator and a 174 mW, 400 GHz amplifier. The recirculated feedback oscillator concept was successfully demonstrated experimentally at a scaled frequency, and in depth studies have been completed to investigate several parameters including return path attenuation, spectral evolution, small-signal gain, drive characteristics, and phase sensitivity. The first accurate, physics based, particle-in-cell model has been established to represent the recirculated feedback oscillator, and shows good agreement with experimental results. Three complementary microfabrication methods have been explored and compared for eventual commercial feasibility. The methods include x ray LIGA, UV LIGA, and DRIE. A fourth method, polymer micromolding, has been identified that shows promise as well, possibly best suited for lower frequencies.
Secrets revealed — Spatially selective wetting of plasma-patterned periodic mesoporous organosilica (2012)

We report a simple method to pattern wetting properties on thin films of periodic mesoporous organosilica (PMO). A hydrophobic methane PMO thin film was covered by masks and exposed to oxygen plasma to make the unmasked area hydrophilic. The wettability patterns could be revealed only when the films were immersed in water or exposed to moisture. We expect that our method would extend the utility of PMO to such areas as sensing and information security.
[Total hip arthroplasty after proximal femoral osteotomy: 75 cases with 9-year follow-up]. (2002)

Indications for osteotomy must account for subsequent total hip arthoplasty. Implantation is difficult after subtrochanteric osteotomy which can cause important technical problems. The rate of failure is very high. The risk of femoral complications and misalignment of the femoral stem, irrespective of the type of initial osteotomy, is greater when the digital fossa lies medially to the diaphyseal axis. We prefer trochanterotomy or desosteotomy for such cases. Osteotomy did not rule out arthroplasty for any of the femurs. There were however important operative difficulties and the frequency of complications suggest we should be most prudent about careful preoperative planning in the frontal plane.
Analysis and Design Optimization of Robust Aperiodic Micro-UAV Swarm-Based Antenna Arrays (2012)

Micro-UAV swarm-based antenna arrays provide a novel solution for high-risk radar imaging applications. These apertures lack a single point of failure by distributing their resources and sensors across multiple platforms. However, turbulence and positional errors provide a challenging operational environment when it comes to the implementation of these systems. Turbulence can limit the aperture's ability to coherently resolve a target and cause aircrafts to collide in midair if the formation is too tightly packed with closely spaced elements. This paper introduces several techniques that can reduce the effects of turbulence on the system. First, a phase compensation algorithm is presented that can eliminate the effects of turbulence on the main beam of the array. In addition, sparse antenna apertures can be used to create flight formations that reduce the probability of midair collisions. Traditional periodic apertures are insufficient because these arrays display grating lobes at wide interelement spacings. Therefore, two aperiodic array optimization methodologies are discussed that produce sparse array configurations suitable for micro-UAV formations. These sparse arrays exhibit low peak side-lobe levels without the presence of grating lobes over wide interelement spacings. By combining phase compensation with optimized sparse aircraft formations, one can achieve high radiation pattern resolution in a micro-UAV based radar imaging application.
A Situation context aware Dempster-Shafer fusion of digital maps and a road sign recognition system (2009)

Speed limit information systems solely based on one modality can hardly overcome their respective intrinsic disadvantages: Digital maps lack support for short-term changes brought by variable message signs and road works, while camera based systems cannot recognize implicit speed limits and may fail in adverse lighting scenarios. In this work we show a fusion approach that is able to overcome these limitations. It is specifically tailored to our task by adapting sensor reliability based on the perceived situation context. This enables the camera based system to easily outvote the digital map in a construction site or the digital map to veto against uncertain camera recognition results during nighttime. The proposed fusion approach was implemented and evaluated on a qualitative base showing very promising results: The situation context aware fusion is able to deduce the correct effective speed limit even when one of the sensors fails. Moreover, it reduces conflicts encountered between the sources compared to a not situation context aware fusion.
Robust x-ray image segmentation by spectral clustering and active shape model (2016)

Extraction of bone contours from x-ray radiographs plays an important role in joint space width assessment, preoperative planning, and kinematics analysis. We present a robust segmentation method to accurately extract the distal femur and proximal tibia in knee radiographs of varying image quality. A spectral clustering method based on the eigensolution of an affinity matrix is utilized for x-ray image denoising. An active shape model-based segmentation method is employed for robust and accurate segmentation of the denoised x-ray images. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated with x-ray images from the public-use dataset(s), the osteoarthritis initiative, achieving a root mean square error of [Formula: see text] for femur and [Formula: see text] for tibia. The results demonstrate that this method outperforms previous segmentation methods in capturing anatomical shape variations, accounting for image quality differences and guiding accurate segmentation.
Integrated performance and reliability specification for digital avionics system (1995)

This paper describes an automated tool for performance and reliability assessment of digital avionics systems, called the Automated Design Tool Set (ADTS). ADTS is based on an integrated approach to design assessment that unifies traditional performance and reliability views of system designs, and that addresses interdependencies between performance and reliability behavior via exchange of parameters and result between mathematical models of each type. A multi-layer tool set architecture has been developed for ADTS that separates the concerns of system specification, model generation, and model solution. Performance and reliability models are generated automatically as a function of candidate system designs, and model results are expressed within the system specification. The layered approach helps deal with the inherent complexity of the design assessment process, and preserves long-term flexibility to accommodate a wide range of models and solution techniques within the tool set structure. ADTS research and development to date has focused on development of a language for specification of system designs as a basis for performance and reliability evaluation. A model generation and solution framework has also been developed for ADTS, that will ultimately encompass an integrated set of analytic and simulated based techniques for performance, reliability, and combined design assessment.