gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental and Modeling Investigation of Catalyzed Hydrocarbon Trap Performance (2000)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The majority of unburned hydrocarbon emissions from vehicles occur during cold start operation of the vehicle before the catalyst system has heated to the point where it has reached high operating efficiency. One promising technology to reduce cold start hydrocarbon emissions is the catalyzed hydrocarbon trap. This paper presents the results of a vehicle, laboratory, and modeling study of the performance of this relatively new type of catalyst. A procedure to evaluate trap performance in the laboratory is presented that correlates well with trap performance on a vehicle. Additionally, a mathematical model of the catalyzed hydrocarbon trap is presented. This model utilizes laboratory determined parameters to calibrate the model for specific catalyzed hydrocarbon trap formulations to simulate the performance of that formulation on a vehicle. Data is presented that shows the model agrees well with vehicle data during the bag 1 portion of the Federal Test Procedure. In addition, modeling results are shown that predict the performance of a catalyzed hydrocarbon trap on a vehicle when such parameters as the trap size, position, substrate geometry, and trap composition are varied.&lt;/div&gt;
A syngeneic metastatic tumor model in mice: the natural immune response of the host and its manipulation. (1976)

The cell-mediated immune response against a transplantable syngeneic metastatic solid tumor in mice was studied. The immune reactivity of spleen cells from tumor-bearing mice was found to vary during development of the tumor. For about a week after tumor transplantation, the spleen cells were able to protect recipient mice against challenge with tumor cells. Subsequently, the protective activity was replaced by an enhancing activity. Recipient mice that received tumor cells together with spleen cells from mice bearing tumors for about two or three weeks had a higher incidence of tumor takes and larger tumors than controls. This enhancement of tumor development was correlated with the size of the local tumor or metastases in the donors. The enhancing activity was found to be mediated by T lymphocytes and appeared to suppress the protective immune response of the recipients. We devised a system to strengthen the immune response of the host against the development of tumor metastases. In the tumor model used, removal of the local tumor after s.c. transplantation failed to prevent the development of lung metastases and death in most of the mice. However, syngeneic spleen cells which had been sensitized in vitro against tumor cells were found to serve as immunotherapeutic agents. Injection of such spleen cells into mice from which primary tumor implants had been removed surgically led to a markedly increased survival. Spleen cells from both normal and tumor-sensitized donors were effective, but splenocytes from mice bearing large tumors did not reduce metastatic development after sensitization in vitro. Thus, protection against the development of lethal metastases can be achieved with certain types of lymphocytes sensitized in vitro.
Computational Cosmetic Quality Assessment of Human Hair in Low Magnifications (2019)

We take advantage of human hair-specific geometry to visualize sparse submicron and micron-sized cuticle peelings with imaging dark-field scattering at highly oblique tip-side illumination. The paper shows that the statistics of these features can directly estimate hair quality is much lower magnifications (down to 20×) with less powerful objectives when the features themselves are significantly below the system resolution. Our technique for quality categorization of black, blond, and grey human scalp hair samples is successful in detecting healthy and damaged hair in all cases by a large margin (factor of 5 contrast in proposed metric). As demonstrated, the proposed metric even has a strong correlation with the type of damage such as ironing, discoloration, and UV (ultraviolet) exposure. Therefore, this technique has a strong potential for lower cost, portable, and automatic hair diagnostic apparatuses.
A6251 Periostin splicing variant regulates cardiac fibrosis after myocardial infarction (2018)

Objectives: Although mortality rate due to acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has been extremely improved by the development of early reperfusion therapy, chronic heart failure following AMI is still clinically major issue. We previously demonstrated the level of periostin increased significantly following ischemia. Periostin alternative splicing variant 1 (Pn 1) over-expression resulted in ventricular dilation with enhanced interstitial collagen deposition in rat AMI model. However, the role of alternative splicing variants of periostin is still unclear. Methods: We employed neutralizing antibody (PnAb) that selectively inhibit Pn 1 by blockade of exon-17 and tested in rat AMI model by injecting once a week (200ug ip) throughout experiments. Results: Administration of PnAb resulted in a significant decrease in infarcted and fibrotic area of myocardium preventing ventricular wall thinning and dilatation. Moreover, surviving myocytes in ischemic area was significantly larger than that of control IgG group. Inhibition of fibrosis by PnAb was associated with a significant decrease in gene expression of fibrotic markers such as collagen I, collagen III, and TGF-β1. Importantly, the number of α-SMA positive myofibroblasts was significantly reduced in the heart treated with PnAb, while cardiomyocyte proliferation and angiogenesis were comparable in both IgG and PnAb group. Additionally, the level of Pn 1 expression was correlated significantly with the severity of AMI. In vitro study revealed that Pn 1, but not Pn 2 or 4, inhibited fibroblast and myocyte attachment, leading to myocyte death which might account for cell slippage observed during cardiac remodeling. Conclusion: Specific inhibition of Pn exon-17 by neutralizing antibody without suppressing other Pn variants might offer a new class of medication for the
Application of phase change materials for low duty cycle high peak load power supplies (2010)

A power electronic device's lifetime depends on its maximum operating temperature and the temperature swings it is subjected to. Heat sinks employing phase change materials (PCMs) can be employed to achieve a temperature reduction, but only for a limited duration. This makes such heat sinks appropriate for use in applications with high peak loads but with low duty cycles. The heat sink is modelled using the thermal RC network approach, and an optimization procedure for designing a hybrid air-cooled heat sink containing PCM is developed, yielding a maximum possible temperature reduction for a given application.
Multilayer adaptation for MGS-based SVC bitstream (2008)

Medium grained scalability (MGS) of scalable video coding is expected to be of high interest due to the advantage of packet-based scalability. In this paper, we study multilayer adaptation for MGS-based bitstream. Our adaptation method not only considers which packets to be dropped, but also modifies layer dependency of NAL units to maintain bitstream conformance. Compared to conventional method of SVC, the proposed method can both expand the range of supported bitrates and improve the quality.
Effects of gastric bubble implant on weight change with and without compliance with a behavior modification program. (1988)

The purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate the effect of compliance versus noncompliance with a behavior modification program (BMP) for 35 patients who underwent implantation of 51 Garren-Edwards gastric bubbles (GEGB). Criteria for morbid obesity was met by every patient. Two patient groups were formed by self-selection. Compliant patients (group I) attended 75% or more of the BMP. Group II consisted of noncompliant patients, and was divided further into partially complaint and totally noncompliant. A significant difference was found in both loss of weight and loss of body mass index (BMI) between the complaint and noncompliant groups, with no significant difference in weight loss between the partially and totally noncompliant groups. Patients' compliant or noncompliant behavior had a significant effect on changes in weight (p = 0.007) and body mass index (p = 0.005). Sixteen patients had two consecutive bubble implants. The rate of compliance was significantly higher during the first implant program, with a significantly greater loss in both weight and BMI for compliant patients. Follow-up data for 28 of 35 patients revealed a continued, albeit small, average weight decrease. In summary, weight loss does not result from the gastric bubble alone. Our study demonstrates that the key factor is compliance with a behavior modification program.
Multiple Solutions of Double-Diffusive Convection in Porous Media due to Opposing Heat and Mass Fluxes on Vertical Walls (2013)

The double-diffusive convection in a porous medium due to the opposing heat and mass fluxes on the vertical walls is solved analytically. In the former analysis, we investigated only when ω < π, the parameter arising from a combination among the density stratification and the buoyancy effects. However, it is shown in the present research that a solution is also possible when ω > π. The Sherwood number Sh is shown to decrease monotonically with an increase in the buoyancy ratio N when ω > π, and Sh approaches 1 when N is 1. We define Nmin as the minimum value of N when Ω is imaginary and ω = π. Nmin increases with an increase in Rc. However, Nmin approaches a constant as Le increases. Furthermore, although the convection pattern is mainly temperature-driven, concentration-driven convection cells also exist under certain.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Cross-Species Functional Analysis of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Identifies a Critical Role for CLCF1 and IL-6 in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer <i>In Vivo</i> (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 56K, A secretory and inflammatory gene signature specific to CAFs&lt;/p&gt;
Proteolytic Inactivation of LL-37 by Karilysin, a Novel Virulence Mechanism of <i>Tannerella forsythia</i> (2010)

Tannerella forsythia is a gram-negative bacterium strongly associated with the development and/or progression of periodontal disease. Here, we have shown that a newly characterized matrix metalloprotease-like enzyme, referred to as karilysin, efficiently cleaved the antimicrobial peptide LL-37, significantly reducing its bactericidal activity. This may contribute to the resistance of T. forsythia to the antibacterial activity of LL-37, since their vitality was found not to be affected by LL-37 at concentrations up to 2.2 muM. Furthermore, proteolysis of LL-37 by karilysin not only abolished its ability to bind lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to quench endotoxin-induced proinflammatory activity, but LL-37 cleavage also caused the release of active endotoxin from the LPS/LL-37 complex. Proteolytic inactivation of LL-37 bactericidal activity by karilysin may protect LL-37-sensitive species in the subgingival plaque and maintain the local inflammatory reaction driven by LPS from gram-negative bacteria. Consequently, the karilysin protease may directly contribute to periodontal tissue damage and the development and/or progression of chronic periodontitis.
Modeling NFV Deployment to Identify the Cross-Level Inconsistency Vulnerabilities (2019)

By providing network functions through software running on standard hardware, Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) brings many benefits, such as increased agility and flexibility with reduced costs, as well as additional security concerns. Although existing works have examined various security issues of NFV, such as vulnerabilities in VNF software and DoS, there has been little effort on a security issue that is intrinsic to NFV, i.e., as an NFV environment typically involves multiple abstraction levels, the inconsistency that may arise between different levels can potentially be exploited for security attacks. In this paper, we propose the first NFV deployment model to capture the deployment aspects of NFV at different abstraction levels, which is essential for an in-depth study of the inconsistencies between such levels. Based on the model and an implemented NFV testbed, we present concrete attack scenarios in which the inconsistencies are exploited to attack the network functions in a stealthy manner. Finally, we study the feasibility of detecting the inconsistencies through verification.
Generic Event Detection in Sports Video using Cinematic Features (2003)

This paper presents real-time, or near real-time, probabilistic event detection methods for broadcast sports video using cinematic features, such as shot classes and slow-motion replays. Novel algorithms have been developed for probabilistic detection of soccer goal events and basketball play-break events in a generic framework. The proposed framework includes generic algorithms for automatic dominant (field) color region detection and shot boundary detection, and domain-specific shot classification algorithms for soccer and basketball. Finally, the detected goal events in soccer and play events in basketball are employed to generate summaries of long games. The efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed system and the algorithms have been shown over more than 13 hours of sports video captured by the broadcasters from different regions around the world.
Identification and characterization of striatal cell subtypes using in vivo intracellular recording in rats: II. Membrane factors underlying paired‐pulse response profiles (1994)

Two subtypes of neurons in the striatum have been defined on the basis of their different response patterns to paired-impulse stimulation of corticostriatal afferents, with type I cells showing a longer spike latency, facilitation at short intervals, and inhibition at long intervals, and type II cells defined by the facilitation occurring at long interstimulus intervals. Nevertheless, the companion report has shown that this distinction of cell types cannot be accounted for by differences in the basic physiological properties of these cells, but instead is likely to be due to differences in their synaptic connectivity. The experiments performed in this study were directed at examining in detail the membrane factors and synaptic responses that may contribute to these distinct response patterns. When pairs of stimuli were delivered to the corticostriatal fibers at 10-30 ms interstimulus intervals, the EPSPs elicited in type I neurons exhibited a temporal summation, resulting in a facilitation of spike firing to the second stimulus relative to the first. In contrast, type II cells showed decreased EPSP amplitude at short intervals, and in cells showing a short-interval inhibition, there was a significant increase in spike threshold (+5.3 +/- 1.4 mV) during the second response. All type II neurons recorded with KCl-filled microelectrodes showed short-interval facilitation with little or no change in spike threshold. Although the use of KCl electrodes did not alter the facilitation at short intervals in type I neurons it did increase the rate of rise of the EPSP, causing spikes to be triggered at a latency similar to that of type II cells. Paired stimuli delivered at 75-150 ms interstimulus intervals showed inverse effects on type I and type II cells with respect to the probability of spike firing. In type I cells, the evoked EPSP was followed by a long-latency membrane hyperpolarization that prevented the second EPSP from reaching spike threshold. In contrast, the smaller-amplitude hyperpolarization evoked in type II cells enabled the second stimulus to activate an EPSP at the same membrane potential as the first stimulus, resulting in a facilitation of spiking.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Oxygen-Electrode Catalysis on Oxoperovskites at 700 °C versus 20 °C (2018)

The oxygen-reduction and oxygen-evolution reactions (ORR and OER) at 700 °C on the perovskites ABO3−δ (A = La, Sr and B = Co, Fe, Mn, Cr with undoped versus Nb- or Ta-doped SrCoO3−δ) have been evaluated experimentally with a reversible solid oxide fuel cell (R-SOFC). The predictor for active ORR catalysis at 20 °C in alkaline solution is not applicable at 700 °C; the adsorbed water on the oxide catalyst surface is lost. In a SOFC, the ORR is split between the fuel and the oxygen electrode; in an alkaline air battery, the entire ORR occurs at the oxygen electrode. On the other hand, the OER reaction occurs by a similar process at the oxygen electrode in a R-SOFC at 700 °C and in an air battery or room-temperature fuel cell in an alkaline solution. A proposed condition for both the ORR and the OER occurring at the same oxoperovskite surface at 700 °C is a transition-metal cation of the perovskite at its equilibrium oxidation state at the operating temperature and pO2.
Fourier-based shape feature extraction technique for computer-aided B-Mode ultrasound diagnosis of breast tumor (2012)

Early detection of breast tumor is critical in determining the best possible treatment approach. Due to its superiority compared with mammography in its possibility to detect lesions in dense breast tissue, ultrasound imaging has become an important modality in breast tumor detection and classification. This paper discusses the novel Fourier-based shape feature extraction techniques that provide enhanced classification accuracy for breast tumor in the computer-aided B-mode ultrasound diagnosis system. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, experiments were performed using 4,107 ultrasound images with 2,508 malignancy cases. Experimental results show that the breast tumor classification accuracy of the proposed technique was 15.8%, 5.43%, 17.32%, and 13.86% higher than the previous shape features such as number of protuberances, number of depressions, lobulation index, and dissimilarity, respectively.
Purkinje and ventricular contributions to endocardial activation sequence in perfused rabbit right ventricle (2001)

Interactions between peripheral conduction system and myocardial wave fronts control the ventricular endocardial activation sequence. To assess those interactions during sinus and paced ventricular beats, we recorded unipolar electrograms from 528 electrodes spaced 0.5 mm apart and placed over most of the perfused rabbit right ventricular free wall endocardium. Left ventricular contributions to electrograms were eliminated by cryoablating that tissue. Electrograms were systematically processed to identify fast (P) deflections separated by >2 ms from slow (V) deflections to measure P-V latencies. By using this criterion during sinus mapping (n = 5), we found P deflections in 22% of electrograms. They preceded V deflections at 91% of sites. Peripheral conduction system wave fronts preceded myocardial wave fronts by an overall P-V latency magnitude that measured 6.7 +/- 3.9 ms. During endocardial pacing (n = 8) at 500 ms cycle length, P deflections were identified on 15% of electrodes and preceded V deflections at only 38% of sites, and wave fronts were separated by a P-V latency magnitude of 5.6 +/- 2.3 ms. The findings were independent of apical, basal, or septal drive site. Modest changes in P-V latency accompanied cycle length accommodation to 125-ms pacing (6.8 +/- 2.6 ms), although more pronounced separation between wave fronts followed premature stimulation (11.7 +/- 10.4 ms). These results suggested peripheral conduction system and myocardial wave fronts became functionally more dissociated after premature stimulation. Furthermore, our analysis of the first ectopic beats that followed 12 of 24 premature stimuli revealed comparable separation between wave fronts (10.7 +/- 5.5 ms), suggesting the dissociation observed during the premature cycles persisted during the initiating cycles of the resulting arrhythmias.
Supplemental Table 2 from MCL-1 Is a Key Determinant of Breast Cancer Cell Survival: Validation of MCL-1 Dependency Utilizing a Highly Selective Small Molecule Inhibitor (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Table 2: Navitoclax EC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt;s in breast cancer cell lines in the presence or absence of MCL-1 siRNA.&lt;/p&gt;
FRAMEWORK TO AUTOMATICALLY CHARACTERIZE REAL PROPERTY USING HIGH RESOLUTION AERIAL IMAGES (2010)

Accurate and realistic 3-dimensional models of urban environments are increasingly important for applications like virtual tourism, city planning, internet search and many emerging opportunities in the context of “ambient intelligence”. Applications like Bing-Maps or Google Earth are offering virtual models of many major urban areas worldwide. While initially, these data sets support visualization they are inherently capable of addressing a broader purpose. On the horizon are urban models that consist of semantically interpreted objects; an urban 3D visualization will be computer generated, with a fundamental advantage: the urban models can be searched based on object classes. This paper presents a framework which specifies the processing steps that are necessary for a reasonable semantic interpretation and evaluation of real property using high resolution aerial images. We first describe the different source data which have to be brought into a common coordinate system. In this process we build an integrated geometry and semantic object data set that can be analyzed for various purposes. Our focus is on characterizing individual properties and to determine the size of buildings, their number of floors, status of vegetation, roof shapes with chimneys and sky lights etc. We start out by merging the aerial imagery with the cadastral information to define each property as a separate entity for further analysis. The cadastral data may also contain preliminary information about a building footprint. In the next step the building footprints get refined vis-a-vis the mere cadastral prediction, using an image classification and the definition of roof lines. 3-D facade coordinates are computed from aerial image segments, the cadastral information and the DTM. This helps to determine the number of floors and the window locations to see if there are attics and basement windows. The paper uses an experimental data set of the City of Graz (Austria) with 216 buildings representing 321 separate properties. We present the results of the characterization with as much information as possible being extracted about each property and related to manually collected ground truth.
Physical properties of dendritic macromolecules: a study of glass transition temperature (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhysical properties of dendritic macromolecules: a study of glass transition temperatureK. L. Wooley, C. J. Hawker, J. M. Pochan, and J. M. J. FrechetCite this: Macromolecules 1993, 26, 7, 1514–1519Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00059a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00059a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1478Altmetric-Citations284LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts