gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Large area infrared frequency selective surface with dimensions reproducible by optical lithography (2014)

An infrared frequency selective surface (FSS) with absorptive resonance near 6.5 μm was fabricated by electron-beam lithography using a patch design with dimensions reproducible by optical-projection lithography. By selective wet etching along with reactive-ion etching, the sample was divided into miniature FSS particles, which were released from the substrate. A large number of such particles could be implemented as a large area, conformal coating. Spectral reflectivity of the full FSS array as well as the FSS particles was measured and compared to electromagnetic simulations. To show the feasibility of this approach, the full array FSS design was fabricated using a g-line (λ = 436 nm) 5× projection lithography stepper and compared to the array fabricated by electron-beam lithography using scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Even though the resolution of the g-line stepper led to a poor fabrication output, the optical resonance was found to be robust, with only slight detuning attributed to the changes in unit cell geometry. This work highlights the utility of optical-projection lithography, coupled with the releasable particle fabrication procedure, to create a large area, conformal coating with specific infrared spectral properties.
Role of Hydrophobicity and Charge of Amyloid-Beta Oligomer Eliminating d-Peptides in the Interaction with Amyloid-Beta Monomers (2018)

Inhibition of the self-assembly process of amyloid-beta and even more the removal of already existing toxic amyloid-beta assemblies represent promising therapeutic strategies against Alzheimer's disease. To approach this aim, we selected a d-enantiomeric peptide by phage-display based on the interaction with amyloid-beta monomers. This lead compound was successfully optimized by peptide microarrays with respect to its affinity and specificity to the target resulting in d-peptides with both increased hydrophobicity and net charge. Here, we present a detailed biophysical characterization of the interactions between these optimized d-peptides and amyloid-beta monomers in comparison to the original lead compound in order to obtain a more thorough understanding of the physicochemical determinants of the interactions. Kinetics and apparent stoichiometry of complex formation were studied using surface plasmon resonance. Potential modes of binding to amyloid-beta were identified, and the influences of ionic strength on complex stability, as well as on the inhibitory effect on amyloid-beta aggregation were investigated. The results reveal a very different mode of interaction of the optimized d-peptides based on a combination of electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions as compared to the mostly electrostatically driven interaction of the lead compound. These conclusions were supported by the thermodynamic profiles of the interaction between optimized d-peptides and Aβ monomers, which indicate an increase in binding entropy with respect to the lead compound.
Indol-3-yl-tetramethylcyclopropyl Ketones: Effects of Indole Ring Substitution on CB2 Cannabinoid Receptor Activity (2008)

A series of potent indol-3-yl-tetramethylcyclopropyl ketones have been prepared as CB 2 cannabinoid receptor ligands. Two unsubstituted indoles ( 5, 32) were the starting points for an investigation of the effect of indole ring substitutions on CB 2 and CB 1 binding affinities and activity in a CB 2 in vitro functional assay. Indole ring substitutions had varying effects on CB 2 and CB 1 binding, but were generally detrimental to agonist activity. Substitution on the indole ring did lead to improved CB 2/CB 1 binding selectivity in some cases (i.e., 7- 9, 15- 20). All indoles with the morpholino-ethyl side chain ( 32- 43) exhibited weaker binding affinity and less agonist activity relative to that of their tetrahydropyranyl-methyl analogs ( 5- 31). Several agonists were active in the complete Freund's adjuvant model of chronic inflammatory thermal hyperalgesia ( 32, 15).
Coughing and Aerosols (2008)

hen a healthy volunteer coughs, he expels a turbulent jet of air with density changes that distort a projected schlieren light beam (Panel A). A velocity map early in the cough (Panel B) was obtained from image analysis. Sequential schlieren images during the cough (Panel C and video) were recorded at 3000 frames per second. A maximum airspeed of 8 m per second (18 mph) was observed, averaged during the half-second cough. Several phases of cough airflow are revealed in the figure. The cough plume may project infectious aerosols into the surrounding air. There is an increasing interest in visualizing such expelled airflows without the use of intrusive methods because of concern regarding the transmission of various airborne pathogens, such as viruses that cause influenza and the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS).
Piston temperature model oriented to control applications in diesel engines (2017)

In this paper, the development of a control-oriented piston temperature model for diesel engines is discussed. Using the underlying energy balance at the piston, a one-state piston temperature model was developed based on a thermal resistance concept. The model is composed of five sub-models: an engine model, a heat distribution model, a piston temperature model, an initial piston temperature model, and a maximum piston temperature model. In the engine model, the combustion heat transferred to the engine is calculated based on the energy balance in the cylinder chamber. The heat distribution model, which is a main feature in this model, determines the heat transferred to the piston using two maps as a function of engine speed and fuel depending on the piston cooling jet (PCJ) operation. The energy balance at the piston is applied to calculate the mean piston temperature, and the initial piston temperature is determined by the arbitration between the piston and the oil temperatures. The maximum piston temperature is estimated using a simple linear correction to the mean piston temperature. Integrating all sub-models in the Simulink platform, the model was identified and validated using piston temperature measurements under steady-state fuel steps as well as transient tests. There is a good agreement between the modeled and the measured piston temperatures with less than 4.1°C of root-mean-square-error (RMSE) over transient emissions cycles (FTP-75, LA92, and HWEFT). The modeled piston temperature can be used as an input to the control strategy of variable cooling devices, such as a variable displacement oil pump.
Modeling of ion pairs in erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (1994)

The effects of Er-Er pairs on the characteristics of Er-doped fiber amplifiers are analyzed theoretically. Pairs are found to have little effect on the amplifier optimum length, signal saturation power, and noise figure (at constant gain) but to cause significant reduction in the gain, even at residual levels, quantitatively consistent with fiber laser measurements. A maximum tolerable fraction of paired ions near 8%, corresponding to approximately 400 mole parts in 10(6) Er(2)O(3), is predicted for near-optimum gain efficiency in Al-Ge silica fibers.
(Dielectric Science & Technology Thomas Callinan Award) Materials and Processes As Enablers for Moore Moore and Beyond Moore Technologies (2022)

In this presentation, an overview will be presented of historic and recent developments achieved w.r.t. materials and processes that enabled continued performance scaling of CMOS and beyond CMOS applications. Starting from early high-k work. For decades, thermal oxidation of crystalline Silicon into SiO 2 has been the gate oxide material in CMOS technology. Miniaturization for performance improvement, required the gate dielectric to decrease in thickness to support the required increase in capacitance (per unit area) and drive current (per device width). Early 2000, the thickness scaled below 1.5 nm, causing drastically increased leakage currents, high power consumption and reduced device reliability. Replacing the SiO 2 gate dielectric with a high-κ (dielectric constant) material allows increased gate capacitance without the associated leakage effects. Activities involved the unit process step development of dielectric and metal deposition processes, advanced interface preparation, electrical and physical characterization and wet and dry etch process development. In a second section, emphasis will be on emerging nanomaterials. Nanotechnology is defined as the manipulation of matter with at least one dimension sized from below 100nm, thus all CMOS activities are functional nanotechnology. The latter concentrated initially on Graphene, but extended further towards Transition Metal Dicalchogenide Materials. Emphasis of the work will be on growth, functionalization, dielectric passivation and doping of these materials. Lastly, expanding on the nanomaterial know-how also progress with regard to low-k dielectrics, area selective deposition processes (for bottom-up lithography) and application of nanochemistry research for photoresist material screening, where chemical interactions at the nanoscale, related to the EUV lithography (radiation chemistry) are hampering the pattern scaling. Throughout the presentation, recognition will be given to people (PhD students) that contributed to this work and the presentation is also in honor of Prof Dolf Landheer and Professor Samares Kar with whom I organized my first ECS symposium.
Diameter Dependence of Myogenic Tone of Human Pial Arteries (1997)

There is a specific gradient of myogenic responsiveness in human pial arteries that varies inversely with their diameter. This tone does not develop in all vascular beds. These levels of tone in the pial circulation would be expected to be of profound functional significance by allowing blood flow to vary widely.
Optical coherence tomography – near infrared spectroscopy system and catheter for intravascular imaging (2013)

Owing to its superior resolution, intravascular optical coherence tomography (IVOCT) is a promising tool for imaging the microstructure of coronary artery walls. However, IVOCT does not identify chemicals and molecules in the tissue, which is required for a more complete understanding and accurate diagnosis of coronary disease. Here we present a dual-modality imaging system and catheter that uniquely combines IVOCT with diffuse near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in a single dual-modality imaging device for simultaneous acquisition of microstructural and compositional information. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, the device has been used to visualize co-incident microstructural and spectroscopic information obtained from a diseased cadaver human coronary artery.
Artificial Neural Networks and Bayesian Techniques for Flip-Chip Package Thermo-Mechanical Analysis (2021)

In this paper, we present a predictive model created using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). ANN is used to develop approximate models that mimic the overall package mechanical behavior. Furthermore, the approximate ANN models can be efficiently coupled with probabilistic Bayesian Approaches which would normally take several hours to implement using the traditional FEA modeling methodology. Detailed implementation of a robust ANN model on flip-chip electronic packages is presented. The forward and backward propagation steps of the neural network model are programmed using MATLAB, with a cost function that minimizes the error between the predicted and input training data. The training set for ANN is generated using an FEA thermo-mechanical model. The FEA input data set encompasses effects of package geometry and material parameters on various package mechanical risk factors such as package warpage, delamination, and thermal degradation. We present results that show the methodology to co-optimize ANN hyperparameters and minimize the ANN inference error. The ANN surrogate models are then coupled with Bayesian inferencing techniques and applied for performing package mechanical integrity analysis.
A Ligand System for the Flexible Functionalization of Quantum Dots via Click Chemistry (2018)

Abstract We present a novel ligand, 5‐norbornene‐2‐nonanoic acid, which can be directly added during established quantum dot (QD) syntheses in organic solvents to generate “clickable” QDs at a few hundred nmol scale. This ligand has a carboxyl group at one terminus to bind to the surface of QDs and a norbornene group at the opposite end that enables straightforward phase transfer of QDs into aqueous solutions via efficient norbornene/tetrazine click chemistry. Our ligand system removes the traditional ligand‐exchange step and can produce water‐soluble QDs with a high quantum yield and a small hydrodynamic diameter of approximately 12 nm at an order of magnitude higher scale than previous methods. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach by incubating azido‐functionalized CdSe/CdS QDs with 4T1 cancer cells that are metabolically labeled with a dibenzocyclooctyne‐bearing unnatural sugar. The QDs exhibit high targeting efficiency and minimal nonspecific binding.
Reproducibility of Left Ventricular CINE DENSE Strain in Pediatric Subjects with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (2023)

Left ventricular (LV) peak mid-wall circumferential strain (E cc ) and twist are early biomarkers for evaluating the subtle and highly variable onset and progression of cardiomyopathy in pediatric subjects with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Cine Displacement Encoding with Stimulated Echoes (DENSE) has proven sensitive to changes in E cc and twist, but has not been reported in a DMD cohort. We show that free-breathing DENSE CMR at 3T provides highly reproducible middle-ventricular E cc , radial strain (E rr ), and twist measurements in healthy boys and boys with DMD without evidence of late gadolinium enhancement.
The biological fate of gadolinium-based MRI contrast agents: a call to action for bioinorganic chemists (2018)

Gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) are widely used with clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and 10 s of millions of doses of GBCAs are administered annually worldwide. GBCAs are hydrophilic, thermodynamically stable and kinetically inert gadolinium chelates. In clinical MRI, 5-10 millimoles of Gd ion is administered intravenously and the GBCA is rapidly eliminated intact primarily through the kidneys into the urine. It is now well-established that the Gd3+ ion, in some form(s), is partially retained in vivo. In patients with advanced kidney disease, there is an association of Gd retention with nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) disease. However Gd is also retained in the brain, bone, skin, and other tissues in patients with normal renal function, and the presence of Gd can persist months to years after the last administration of a GBCA. Regulatory agencies are restricting the use of specific GBCAs and inviting health care professionals to evaluate the risk/benefit ratio prior to using GBCAs. Despite the growing number of studies investigating this issue both in animals and humans, the biological distribution and the chemical speciation of the residual gadolinium are not fully understood. Is the GBCA retained in its intact form? Is the Gd3+ ion dissociated from its chelator, and if so, what is its chemical form? Here we discuss the current state of knowledge regarding the issue of Gd retention and describe the analytical and spectroscopic methods that can be used to investigate the Gd speciation. Many of the physical methods that could be brought to bear on this problem are in the domain of bioinorganic chemistry and we hope that this review will serve to inspire this community to take up this important problem.
Treatment of Myxedema Coma for Emergency Surgery (1998)

In Response: It is exceedingly rare for a patient to present for elective surgery with myxedema coma. There are no large randomized clinical trials that demonstrate an improvement in outcome with the use of a particular regimen of thyroid hormone supplementation. Therefore, the decision to use levothyroxine, triiodothyronine, or a combination of these agents must largely be made on a theoretical basis. Dr. Mathes is correct in suggesting that a combination of levothyroxine and triiodothyronine may offer some advantages. Elliott Bennett-Guerrero, MD Department of Anesthesiology; The Mount Sinai Medical Center; New York, NY 10029 Debra A. Schwinn, MD Department of Anesthesiology; Duke University Medical Center; Durham, NC 27710
Rapid Omnidirectional Compaction of Ceramic-Metal Composites (2008)

Powders of chemically incompatible, no wetting ceramic-metal systems have been compacted into dense structures by applying the Rapid Omni directional Compaction (ROC) technique. The quasi-adiabatic conditions of compaction cause a temperature spike which is useful for controlling the kinetics of chemical reactions and the final composition of prepared materials. A model has been developed to predict the maximum temperature increase during compaction based on the composition of starting powders, the green density of the powder compact, the initial compaction temperature, and the applied pressure.
Lessons from the cat: use of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) as a means to develop intervention strategies effective against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) (1998)

In July 1997 the Division of AIDS of the National Institute&#13;\nof Allergy and Infectious Diseases sponsored a workshop entitled&#13;\n"Use of the FTV/Cat Model for Development of Anti-HIV&#13;\nVaccines and Therapeutics." The purpose of this workshop was&#13;\nto provide a forum for presenting new data arising from FIV&#13;\nresearch, assess the utility of the FTV/cat model, identify areas&#13;\napplicable to HTV/AIDS research, and solicit input from investigators&#13;\non scientific gaps that can benefit from additional&#13;\nsupport.* The meeting brought to the fore numerous areas&#13;\nwhere the FTV/cat model can serve as a valuable tool for developing&#13;\nnew therapeutic strategies and vaccine designs applicable&#13;\nto the treatment and prevention of HIV-1 infection.
Variable Band Gap Poly(arylene ethynylene) Conjugated Polyelectrolytes (2006)

A series of poly(arylene ethynylene) (PAE) conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs) have been prepared using palladium-mediated (Sonogashira) coupling chemistry. The series consists of five pairs of polymers that share the same poly(arylene ethynylene) backbone. One member of each pair contains anionic sulfonate (R−SO3-) side groups, whereas the other member contains cationic bis-alkylammonium (R-N+−R-N+−R) side groups. The repeat unit structure of the poly(arylene ethynylene) backbone consists of a bis(alkoxy)phenylene-1,4-ethynylene unit alternating with a second arylene ethynylene moiety, and five different arylenes were used, Ar = 1,4-phenyl, 2,5-pyridyl (Py), 2,5-thienyl (Th), 2,5-(3,4-ethylenedioxy)thienyl (EDOT), and 1,4-benzo[2,1,3]thiodiazole (BDT). The different arylene units induce variation in the HOMO−LUMO band gap across the series of polymers, resulting in a series of materials that display absorption maxima at wavelengths ranging from 400 to 550 nm and fluorescence maxima ranging from 440 to 600 nm. The absorption and fluorescence properties of the CPEs were investigated in methanol, water, and in methanol/water mixtures. The photophysical data suggest that the CPE chains aggregate in water, but in methanol, the polymers are well solvated such that the optical properties are characteristic of the “molecularly dissolved” chains. Stern−Volmer (SV) fluorescence quenching studies were carried out using ionic naphthalene diimides as electron acceptors. The results show that the fluorescence from the CPEs was quenched with very high efficiency (amplified quenching) when the ionic diimide was charged opposite to the charge on the CPE chain. The sensitivity of the Stern−Volmer quenching response varies strongly across the series of CPEs, with the most efficient quenching seen for polymers that display efficient fluorescence when they are aggregated. The relationship between CPE side chain structure, band gap, fluorescence quantum yield, extent of chain aggregation, and fluorescence quenching efficiency is discussed.
P‐15: LCoS based Projection Systems for Optical Metrology (2003)

Abstract Specially designed optical systems for optical metrology are presented in which LCoS‐displays are used for different front projection applications. Unusual projection geometries like spheres are covered as well as special light sources like ultra bright LEDs. Three different devices, which were realized for industrial and medical customers, are outlined.
Spatiotemporal Control of CRISPR/Cas9 Function in Cells and Zebrafish using Light-Activated Guide RNA (2019)

Abstract We developed a new method for conditional regulation of CRISPR/Cas9 activity in mammalian cells and zebrafish embryos via photochemically activated, caged guide RNAs. Caged gRNAs are generated by substituting four nucleobases evenly distributed throughout the 5’-protospacer region with caged nucleobases during synthesis. Caging confers complete suppression of gRNA:target dsDNA hybridization and rapid restoration of CRISPR/Cas9 function upon optical activation. This tool offers simplicity and complete programmability in design, high spatiotemporal specificity in cells and zebrafish embryos, excellent off to on switching, and stability by preserving the ability to form Cas9:gRNA ribonucleoprotein complexes. caged gRNAs are novel tools for conditional control of gene editing thereby enabling the investigation of spatiotemporally complex physiological events by obtaining a better understanding of dynamic gene regulation.
On Energy Efficiency of Wideband RIS-Aided Cell-Free Network (2022)

Cell-free (CF) network is a favorable technique against inter-cell interferences to improve the network capacity. However, to further improve the network capacity, a large number of base stations (BSs) are required to be deployed with high cost and power consumption. To tackle this problem, an energy-efficient technique called reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-aided CF network has been recently proposed. By replacing some of the required power-hungry BSs with low-power RISs, the energy efficiency of CF network can be enhanced with guaranteed performance. To achieve this goal, in this paper, we first formulate a joint active and passive beamforming problem to maximize the energy efficiency of RIS-aided CF networks. Then, we propose an alternate optimization algorithm to solve this problem. Specifically, we decompose the original energy efficiency maximization problem into multiple subproblems and solve them alternatively. Particularly, we adopt the zero-forcing (ZF) beamforming scheme to optimize the active beamforming at BSs, while the sequential programming (SP) method is adopted to realize the passive beamforming at RISs. Moreover, a realistic energy-consumption model for wideband RIS-aided CF networks is provided, and the effectiveness of the proposed scheme is evaluated by simulations. Finally, simulation results verify that, the proposed scheme is able to achieve a higher energy efficiency than the existing benchmark solution.
In vitroinduction of T cells that are resistant to A2adenosine receptor‐mediated immunosuppression (2009)

Adenosine-resistant effector T cells were successfully obtained by exposure of activated T cells to NECA. These in vitro studies form the basis for future attempts to produce anti-tumour T cells that are more effective in adoptive immunotherapy.