gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cross-Rate Synchronization of Loran-C Using GPS (1988)

Loran-C transmitters are grouped into different chains, each with a specified group repetition interval (GRI) or group repetition rate (1/GRI). Currently, Loran-C transmitters in different chains are not tightly synchronized. Consequently, Loran receivers can compute time differences only between signals with the same GRI. In other words, they require at least two received signals from each GRI they wish to use. If the receiver can receive many stations within a GRI, this limitation is not troublesome. However, if the receiver is near the edge of coverage or if a transmitter has failed, it can be helpful to remove this limitation and allow the receiver to compute cross-rate time differences. The time transfer capability of GPS is one way of accomplishing the required cross-rate synchronization. In this paper, we examine (by example) the impact of cross-rate synchronization on Loran-C coverage. We do this by developing a Loran accuracy model and considering Loran coverage in the U.S. and Canadian West after the “mid-continent gap” has been filled. We find that cross-rate synchronization would be helpful in general, and especially valuable if a transmitter has failed.
Hydrolytic stability of pneumococcal group 6 (type 6A and 6B) capsular polysaccharides (1982)

The hydrolyses of the immunologically cross-reactive and constitutionally isomeric group 6 pneumococcal polysaccharides, types 6A and 6B, were investigated by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, gel filtration through Sepharose 4B, reducing-sugar analysis, and rocket immunoelectrophoresis. Phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed that cleavage of the repeating-unit phosphodiester linkages at pH 10, 60 degrees C was considerably faster (greater than 10(3) ) for the type 6A than the type 6B polysaccharide. Under these reaction conditions, 31P nuclear magnetic resonance kinetic measurements showed that the Na+ form of the type 6A polysaccharide underwent phosphodiester-linkage hydrolysis two times slower than the corresponding Ca+2 form; a stoichiometrically excess amount of Ca+2 caused a 30-fold enhancement of the latter hydrolysis rate. The spectroscopic characterization of phosphorus-containing end groups resulting from hydrolysis of the type 6A polymer provided additional mechanistic information. Heating the type 6A and 6B polysaccharides at 56 degrees C for various times led to gel filtration coefficients of distribution (Kd values) which indicated that the type 6A material underwent size reductions considerably faster than did the type 6B antigen; these increased Kd values qualitatively correlated with the loss of immunochemical reactivity measured by rocket immunoelectrophoresis. The application of a statistical theory to the depolymerization of the type 6A and 6B polysaccharides was consistent with random bond cleavage, as evidenced by the calculated versus measured gel filtration patterns. Although the molecular changes causing the size reductions were not fully elaborated, it was established that the acetal linkages of the type 6A and 6B polysaccharides were comparatively resistant to hydrolysis and that depolymerization by hydrolysis of the phosphodiester linkage was a major factor only in the type 6A structure. It was concluded that the hydrolytic stability of the type 6B antigen would favor its use in the polyvalent pneumococcal vaccine rather than the cross-reactive, but comparatively unstable, type 6A polysaccharide, if all other factors are equal.
Improving the Short-Circuit Reliability in IGBTs: How to Mitigate Oscillations (2017)

In this paper, the oscillation mechanism limiting the ruggedness of insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) is investigated through both circuit and device analysis. The work presented here is based on a time-domain approach for two different IGBT cell structures (i.e., trench-gate and planar), illustrating the two-dimensional effects during one oscillation cycle. It has been found that the gate capacitance varies according to the strength of the electric field near the emitter, which in turn leads to charge-storage effects associated with low carrier velocity. For the first time, it has been discovered that a parametric oscillation takes place during the short circuit in IGBTs, whose time-varying element is the Miller capacitance, which is involved in the amplification mechanism. This hypothesis has been validated through simulations and its mitigation is possible by increasing the electric field at the emitter of the IGBT with the purpose of counteracting the Kirk effect.
0323 Gender-Specific Differences in Self-Reported Factors Attributed to Sleep Disruption (2022)

Abstract Introduction Women are more likely to report sleep difficulties. There are many ways for sleep to be disrupted (social influences, external sensory stimuli, somatic cues) but limited data exists on the relative burden of these disruptors. The purpose of the present analysis was to compare the occurrence of disruptors between males and females of equal ages. Methods We used self-reported data from the PSG-validated SleepScore mobile app to analyze the relative occurrence of a variety of sleep disruptors in an age- and gender-balanced sample of users (39,560 male and 39,560 female, median age=41, SD=15). Fisher's exact test was used to examine whether gender was a significant factor in the likelihood of reporting each disruptor. Disruptors were categorized as follows: somatic cues included hot flashes/thermal discomfort, chronic pain, bathroom visits, and heartburn; external sensory stimuli included temperature, light, and noise; social influences included: bed partner, pet, and children. All p &amp;lt; 0.00001 results are reported. Results Women were significantly more likely than males to report at least one sleep disruptor (Odds ratio (OR): 2.29, prevalence: 90% vs 80%) and were more likely to report sleep disruption attributed to external stimuli (OR: 1.61, prevalence: 54% vs 42%), somatic cues (OR: 1.66, prevalence: 68% vs 56%), and social influences (OR: 1.95, prevalence: 50% vs 34%). Among somatic cues, women were more likely than males to report hot flashes/thermal discomfort (OR: 3.42), chronic pain (OR: 2.32), bathroom visits (OR: 1.24), and heartburn (OR: 1.14). Among external sensory stimuli, women were more likely than males to report sleep disruption attributed to sound (OR: 1.58), light (OR: 1.54), and temperature (OR: 1.54). Among social influences related disruptive factors, women were more likely than males to report sleep disruption attributed to pets (OR: 2.31), bed partners (OR: 1.65), and children (OR: 1.62). Conclusion The present analysis found that women reported higher rates of regular disruption for every cause. These findings highlight the role of gender in sleep-health reporting behavior and mirror other findings showing lower symptom reporting and healthcare utilization among males. Support (If Any)
A Comparison of Logical and Physical Parallel I/o pAtterns (1998)

Although there are several extant studies of parallel scien tific application request patterns, there is little experimen tal data on the correlation of physical I/O patterns with application I/O stimuli. To understand these correlations, the authors have instrumented the SCSI device drivers of the Intel Paragon OSF/1 operating system to record key physical I/O activities, and have correlated this data with the I/O patterns of scientific applications captured via the Pablo analysis toolkit. This analysis shows that disk hard ware features profoundly affect the distribution of request delays and that current parallel file systems respond to parallel application I/O patterns in nonscalable ways.
Next-Generation CAR T-cell Therapies (2022)

CD19- and B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA)-directed chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have enabled unprecedented responses in a subset of refractory patients with B-cell and plasma cell malignancies, leading to their approval by the FDA for the treatment of leukemia, lymphoma, and myeloma. These "living drugs" can become part of a synthetic immune system, persisting at least a decade in some patients. However, despite this tremendous impact, significant unmet treatment needs remain for patients with hematologic malignancies and solid cancers. In this perspective, we highlight recent innovations that advance the field toward production of a more potent and universal cellular immunotherapy of the future. Next-generation CAR T cells will incorporate advances in gene engineering and synthetic biology to enhance functionality and persistence, and reduce treatment-associated toxicities. The combination of autologous CAR T cells with various allogeneic cell treatment strategies designed to target the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment will broaden the impact of future CAR T-cell therapies.
Knowledge-based synthesis of custom VLSI physical design tools; first steps (2003)

A description is given of how program synthesis techniques can be applied to the synthesis of technology-sensitive VLSI physical design tools. Physical design refers to the process of reducing a structural description of a piece of hardware down to the geometric layout of an integrated circuit. Successful physical design tools must cope with shifting technology and application environments. The authors describe a synthesis architecture that combines knowledge of the application domain and knowledge of generic programming mechanics. The approach uses a very high-level language to describe algorithms, domain and programming knowledge to select appropriate algorithms and data structures, and code generation to arrive at final executable code. Results are presented detailing the performance and implementation of ELF, a prototype generator for wire-routing applications. Comparisons between a hand-crafted router and an automatically synthesized router are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Real-Time Deployment Aspects of C-Band and Millimeter-Wave 5G-NR Systems (2020)

Fifth-generation (5G) new radio (NR) deployments are being rolled out in both the C-band (3.3 - 5.0 GHz) and millimeter-wave (mmWave) band (24.5 - 29.5 GHz). For outdoor scenarios, the C-band is expected to provide wide area coverage and throughput uniformity, whereas the mmWave band is expected to provide ultra-high throughput to dedicated areas within the C-band coverage. Due to the differences in the frequency bands, both systems are expected to be designed with different transmit and receive parameters, naturally resulting in performance variations proportional to the chosen parameters. Unlike many previous works, this paper presents measurement evaluations in central Auckland, New Zealand, from a pre-commercial deployment of a single-user, single-cell 5G-NR system operating in both bands. The net throughput, coverage reliability, and channel rank are analyzed across the two bands with baseband and analog beamforming. Our results show that the C-band coverage is considerably better than mmWave, with a consistently higher channel rank. Furthermore, the spatial stationarity region (SSR) for the azimuth angles-of-departure (AODs) is characterized, and a model derived from the measured beam identities is presented. The SSR of azimuth AODs is seen to closely follow a gamma distribution.
Light-Induced Paramagnetism in Colloidal Ag+-Doped CdSe Nanoplatelets (2021)

We describe a study of the magneto-optical properties of Ag<sup>+</sup>-doped CdSe colloidal nanoplatelets (NPLs) that were grown using a novel doping technique. In this work, we used magnetic circularly polarized luminescence and magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopy to study light-induced magnetism for the first time in 2D solution-processed structures doped with nominally nonmagnetic Ag<sup>+</sup> impurities. The excitonic circular polarization (<i>P</i><sub><i>X</i></sub>) and the exciton Zeeman splitting (<i>ΔE</i><sub><i>Z</i></sub>) were recorded as a function of the magnetic field (<i>B</i>) and temperature (<i>T</i>). Both <i>ΔE</i><sub><i>Z</i></sub> and <i>P</i><sub><i>X</i></sub> have a Brillouin-function-like dependence on <i>B</i> and <i>T</i>, verifying the presence of paramagnetism in Ag<sup>+</sup>-doped CdSe NPLs. The observed light-induced magnetism is attributed to the transformation of nonmagnetic Ag<sup>+</sup> ions into Ag<sup>2+</sup>, which have a nonzero magnetic moment. This work points to the possibility of incorporating these nanoplatelets into spintronic devices, in which light can be used to control the spin injection.
The contribution of the dielectric spectroscopy to the multiscale study of the electrode materials (2015)

International audience
High vacuum wafer level packaging for high-value MEMS applications (2014)

In this paper, our latest developments on high vacuum packaging technology at the wafer level are presented. The main objective of our works has been to demonstrate the feasibility of hermetic high vacuum wafer level packaging of MEMS (vacuum target is 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> to 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-4</sup> mbar) using either anodic or eutectic bonding (AuSi). In the frame of this work, a test vehicle based on a MEMS resonator is used to characterize the vacuum inside the packaging by measuring the Quality factor (Q factor) of the resonator. The resonator is fabricated using 200 mm BSOI wafers. For capping, either 200 mm glass wafer or 200 mm silicon wafer are used depending on the bonding technology chosen. A deep cavity is created in the cap wafer. A getter is deposited inside the cavity to maintain a high vacuum level after bonding. The wafers are then bonded together using anodic or eutectic bonding and electrical interconnections (TSV) are finally carried out. First, the calibration curve i.e., Q Factor vs residual pressure has been achieved using our resonator with a non-hermetic package and a specific vacuum chamber that allowed us to measure the Q factor of the resonator at different residuals pressures (from 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> to 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-5</sup> mbar). Then, anodic and eutectic bonding processes have been developed and optimized in order to reach vacuum level as low as 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> mbar after interconnection. In the case of anodic bonding, it turned out that the main issue that has to be addressed was the permeation of noble gas through the glass wafer during interconnection process. For eutectic bonding, outgassing turned out to be the more significant parameter to control. Finally, residual pressure down to 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-4</sup> mbar has been achieved.
HGG-06. CHARACTERIZATION OF THE EFFECT OF THE ORAL IRON-MIMETIC GALLIUM MALTOLATE ON PEDIATRIC GLIOBLASTOMA GROWTH IN VIVO (2023)

Abstract BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive CNS tumor that is associated with poor outcome. This dire prognosis is due in part to its poor response to the limited treatment options available. Iron and iron proteins play a key role in the growth of brain tumors, with our published studies showing that the ferrobiology of adult GBM can be exploited for therapeutic purposes. Here, we further elucidate the inhibitory effects of oral gallium maltolate (GaM) in pediatric GBM in vivo. METHODS Pediatric SJ-GBM2 cells were stereotactically implanted into the right striatum of male athymic rats. Advanced MR imaging at 9.4T was carried out weekly starting two weeks after implantation. Daily oral GaM (50mg/kg) or vehicle were provided on tumor confirmation. Longitudinal advanced MRI parameters were processed for enhancing tumor ROIs in OsiriX 8.5.1 (lite) with Imaging Biometrics Software (Imaging Biometrics LLC). Statistical analyses included Kaplan-Meier survival plots, linear mixed model comparisons, and t-statistic for slopes comparison. RESULTS The sensitivity of the in vivo pediatric GBM xenografts to GaM was consistent with our previous in vitro work. Median overall survival was 21 days in the controls and 49 days in the treatment group (p=0.014). GaM-treated xenograft tumors grew significantly slower than control tumors (p=0.031). Histologically, xenograft tumors recapitulated the aggressive growth features of clinical specimens, such as invasive margins. Unlike adult GBM xenografts in our previous studies, pediatric GBM xenografts did not exhibit vessel normalization or a reduction in pro-angiogenic markers in response to GaM. Additionally, MIB-1% (p=0.6583) and mitotic index (p=0.7097) were not affected by treatment. Yet, transferrin receptor and H-ferritin expression patterns in GaM-treated tumors suggested cellular iron deprivation. CONCLUSION Monotherapy with GaM provides a significant survival benefit in pediatric GBM, and further studies are planned to optimize the benefit of GaM in pediatric GBM.
Performance of the new MELD-Na score in predicting 3-month and 1-year mortality in chinese patients with chronic hepatitis B (2007)

The new Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD)-Na score has been validated in a population predominantly affected by chronic hepatitis C and alcoholic liver disease. We aimed to validate the score in Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis B-related complications admitted to the hospital from 1996 to 2003. MELD and the new MELD-Na scores (MELD-Na = MELD + 1.59 [135 - Na] with maximum and minimum Na of 135 and 120 mmol/L, respectively) on initial admissions were calculated. Cox proportional hazard model was used to assess factors associated with mortality. The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) was used to compare the predictive abilities of MELD and MELD-Na scores for 3-month and 1-yr mortalities. Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma were excluded. A total of 2,073 patients with liver disease were admitted during the study period and 363 patients had chronic hepatitis B-related complications other than hepatocellular carcinoma. At a median follow-up of 106 weeks, 134 patients died and 14 received liver transplantation. Patients with MELD-Na scores 11-20, 21-30, and >30 had mortality increased by 2.0-fold, 4.7-fold, and 7.6-fold, respectively, compared to patients with scores < or =10. At 3 months and 1 yr, the AUC of the MELD-Na score (0.75 and 0.79, respectively) was superior to those of the MELD score (0.72 and 0.75, respectively) (P = 0.004) in predicting mortality. In conclusion, the new MELD-Na score is a valid model to predict mortality in patients with complications of chronic hepatitis B.
Consequences of Marfan mutations to expression of fibrillin gene and to the structure of microfibrils (1994)

Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a dominantly inherited connective tissue disorder which is caused by mutations in the fibrillin-1 gene (FBN1). Over 40 family-specific FBN1 mutations have been identified. We have characterized 18 different heterozygous mutations including amino acid substitutions, premature stop, and splicing defects leading to deletions or one insertion, and one compound heterozygote with two differently mutated FBN1 alleles inherited from his affected parents. To unravel the consequences of FBN1 mutations to the transcription of FBN1 gene, we have measured the steady state levels of mRNA transcribed from the normal and mutated alleles. The missense mutations do not affect the transcription of the allele while the nonsense mutation leads to lower steady state amount of mutated allele. For the dissection of molecular pathogenesis of FBN1 mutations we have performed rotary shadowing of the microfibrils produced by the cell cultures from MFS patients. The cells from the neonatal patients with established mutations produced only disorganized fibrillin aggregates but no clearly defined microfibrils could be detected, suggesting a major role of this gene region coding for exons 24-26 in stabilization and organization of the bead structure of microfibrils. From the cells of a rare compound heterozygote case carrying two different mutations,more » no detectable microfibrils could be detected whereas the cells of his parents with heterozygous mutations were able to form identifiable but disorganized microfibrils. In the cells of an MFS case caused by a premature stop removing the C-terminus of fibrillin, the microfibril assembly takes place but the appropriate packing of the microfibrils is disturbed suggesting that C-terminae are actually located within the interbead domain of the microfibrils.« less
Anomalous Doppler effects in phononic band gaps (2006)

Doppler effects in periodic acoustic media were studied theoretically and experimentally. Analytical formulas are derived using the Green's function formalism. We found that a far field observer cannot hear the sound inside a band gap from a stationary source, but a moving source can be heard even if the frequency is inside the gap, and the Doppler shifts can be inverted or anomalously large.
Hybrid Optimal Theory and Predictive Control for Power Management in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (2018)

This paper presents a nonlinear-model based hybrid optimal control technique to compute a suboptimal power-split strategy for power/energy management in a parallel hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV). The power-split strategy is obtained as model predictive control solution to the power management control problem (PMCP) of the PHEV, i.e., to decide upon the power distribution among the internal combustion engine, an electric drive, and other subsystems. A hierarchical control structure of the hybrid vehicle, i.e., supervisory level and local or subsystem level is assumed in this study. The PMCP consists of a dynamical nonlinear model, and a performance index, both of which are formulated for power flows at the supervisory level. The model is described as a bi-modal switched system, consistent with the operating mode of the electric ED. The performance index prescribing the desired behavior penalizes vehicle tracking errors, fuel consumption, and frictional losses, as well as sustaining the battery state of charge (SOC). The power-split strategy is obtained by first creating the embedded optimal control problem (EOCP) from the original bi-modal switched system model with the performance index. Direct collocation is applied to transform the problem into a nonlinear programming problem. A nonlinear predictive control technique (NMPC) in conjunction with a sequential quadratic programming solver is used to compute suboptimal numerical solutions to the PMCP. Methods for approximating the numerical solution to the EOCP with trajectories of the original bi-modal PHEV are also presented in this paper. The usefulness of the approach is illustrated via simulation results on several case studies.