gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Notch sensitivity and damage mechanisms of glass mat reinforced polypropylene (1997)

Abstract Notch Sensitivities of two structurally different glass‐mat reinforced polypropylene materials (GMT) were investigated. Center hole notches in tensile specimens were used in the tests. The results show that the short fiber material has higher unnotched strength, but also higher notch sensitivity compared to a swirled mat material. Reasons for this are discussed, focusing on microstructural differences. Predictions from four different failure criteria were compared with the experimental notched strength data. The point stress and damage zone criteria were found to give the best descriptions.
Retrotransposon R1Bm endonuclease cleaves the target sequence (1998)

The R1Bm element, found in the silkworm Bombyx mori , is a member of a group of widely distributed retrotransposons that lack long terminal repeats. Some of these elements are highly sequence-specific and others, like the human L1 sequence, are less so. The majority of R1Bm elements are associated with ribosomal DNA (rDNA). R1Bm inserts into 28S rDNA at a specific sequence; after insertion it is flanked by a specific 14-bp target site duplication of the 28S rDNA. The basis for this sequence specificity is unknown. We show that R1Bm encodes an enzyme related to the endonuclease found in the human L1 retrotransposon and also to the apurinic/apyrimidinic endonucleases. We expressed and purified the enzyme from bacteria and showed that it cleaves in vitro precisely at the positions in rDNA corresponding to the boundaries of the 14-bp target site duplication. We conclude that the function of the retrotransposon endonucleases is to define and cleave target site DNA.
Intersubband Polaritonics in Dielectric Metasurfaces. (2020)

Abstract not provided.
Replication of SDDV on SK21 cells. (2015)

&lt;p&gt;SK21 cells were inoculated with an MOI of 0.01 TCID&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt;/cell SDDV (passage 3). (A/C) Negative control confluent monolayer of SK21 cells on day 3 (A) and 4 (C); (B/D) SDDV-infected SK21 cells on day 3 (B) and 4 (D) after inoculation; (E) SDDV genome copy number/mL (red line and left y-axis) and infectious titer (blue diamonds and right y-axis) of the infected SK21 cells in time. Error bars represent the standard deviation.&lt;/p&gt;
Ferroelektrische Eigenschaften von Kondensatoren mit epitaktischen BaTiO3-Dünnschichten (2004)

Abstract Epitaxial BaTiO3 films are interesting for the integration into microelectronics due to the ferroelectric properties and high permittivity. In this work epitaxial BaTiO3 thin-films were grown on conductive layers, SrRuO3 und La2/3Ca1/3MnO3, by pulsed laser deposition. The growth on different single crystalline substrates resulted in BaTiO3 films with high structural perfection and c-axis orientation. An effect of the substrate due to different misfit strain was not observed. For the electrical characterization of the BaTiO3 films in a thin film capacitor structure, Pt top electrodes were deposited by e-beam evaporation. The influence of the BaTiO3 film thickness (100 - 400nm) on the polarization (size effect) was studied. Surprisingly the thinner films show a higher spontaneous polarization. Moreover, the coercive voltage of the films is independent of the film thickness. A correlation between the spontaneous polarization and the misfit strain was not observed. The ferroelectric behavior of the BaTiO3 capacitors was explained qualitatively by a model using an interfacial layer between the bottom electrode and the BaTiO3.
A buckling-sheet ring oscillator for electronics-free, multimodal locomotion (2022)

Locomotion of soft robots typically relies on control of multiple inflatable actuators by electronic computers and hard valves. Soft pneumatic oscillators can reduce the demand on controllers by generating complex movements required for locomotion from a single, constant input pressure, but either have been constrained to low rates of flow of air or have required complex fabrication processes. Here, we describe a pneumatic oscillator fabricated from flexible, but inextensible, sheets that provides high rates of airflow for practical locomotion by combining three instabilities: out-of-plane buckling of the sheets, kinking of tubing attached to the sheets, and a system-level instability resulting from connection of an odd number of pneumatic inverters made from these sheets in a loop. This device, which we call a "buckling-sheet ring oscillator" (BRO), directly generates movement from its own interaction with its surroundings and consists only of readily available materials assembled in a simple process-specifically, stacking acetate sheets, nylon film, and double-sided tape, and attaching an elastomeric tube. A device incorporating a BRO is capable of both translational and rotational motion over varied terrain (even without a tether) and can climb upward against gravity and downward against the buoyant force encountered under water.
Personalizing exoskeleton assistance while walking in the real world (2022)

Personalized exoskeleton assistance provides users with the largest improvements in walking speed<sup>1</sup> and energy economy<sup>2-4</sup> but requires lengthy tests under unnatural laboratory conditions. Here we show that exoskeleton optimization can be performed rapidly and under real-world conditions. We designed a portable ankle exoskeleton based on insights from tests with a versatile laboratory testbed. We developed a data-driven method for optimizing exoskeleton assistance outdoors using wearable sensors and found that it was equally effective as laboratory methods, but identified optimal parameters four times faster. We performed real-world optimization using data collected during many short bouts of walking at varying speeds. Assistance optimized during one hour of naturalistic walking in a public setting increased self-selected speed by 9 ± 4% and reduced the energy used to travel a given distance by 17 ± 5% compared with normal shoes. This assistance reduced metabolic energy consumption by 23 ± 8% when participants walked on a treadmill at a standard speed of 1.5 m s<sup>-1</sup>. Human movements encode information that can be used to personalize assistive devices and enhance performance.
Diffuse axonal injury has a characteristic multidimensional MRI signature in the human brain (2020)

Axonal injury is a major contributor to the clinical symptomatology in patients with traumatic brain injury. Conventional neuroradiological tools, such as CT and MRI, are insensitive to diffuse axonal injury (DAI) caused by trauma. Diffusion tensor MRI parameters may change in DAI lesions; however, the nature of these changes is inconsistent. Multidimensional MRI is an emerging approach that combines T1, T2, and diffusion, and replaces voxel-averaged values with distributions, which allows selective isolation of specific potential abnormal components. By performing a combined post-mortem multidimensional MRI and histopathology study, we aimed to investigate T1-T2-diffusion changes linked to DAI and to define their histopathological correlates. Corpora callosa derived from eight subjects who had sustained traumatic brain injury, and three control brain donors underwent post-mortem ex vivo MRI at 7 T. Multidimensional, diffusion tensor, and quantitative T1 and T2 MRI data were acquired and processed. Following MRI acquisition, slices from the same tissue were tested for amyloid precursor protein (APP) immunoreactivity to define DAI severity. A robust image co-registration method was applied to accurately match MRI-derived parameters and histopathology, after which 12 regions of interest per tissue block were selected based on APP density, but blind to MRI. We identified abnormal multidimensional T1-T2, diffusion-T2, and diffusion-T1 components that are strongly associated with DAI and used them to generate axonal injury images. We found that compared to control white matter, mild and severe DAI lesions contained significantly larger abnormal T1-T2 component (P = 0.005 and P < 0.001, respectively), and significantly larger abnormal diffusion-T2 component (P = 0.005 and P < 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, within patients with traumatic brain injury the multidimensional MRI biomarkers differentiated normal-appearing white matter from mild and severe DAI lesions, with significantly larger abnormal T1-T2 and diffusion-T2 components (P = 0.003 and P < 0.001, respectively, for T1-T2; P = 0.022 and P < 0.001, respectively, for diffusion-T2). Conversely, none of the conventional quantitative MRI parameters were able to differentiate lesions and normal-appearing white matter. Lastly, we found that the abnormal T1-T2, diffusion-T1, and diffusion-T2 components and their axonal damage images were strongly correlated with quantitative APP staining (r = 0.876, P < 0.001; r = 0.727, P < 0.001; and r = 0.743, P < 0.001, respectively), while producing negligible intensities in grey matter and in normal-appearing white matter. These results suggest that multidimensional MRI may provide non-invasive biomarkers for detection of DAI, which is the pathological substrate for neurological disorders ranging from concussion to severe traumatic brain injury.
AM1241, a CB2-specific agonist protects against immune but not acute colitis (2007)

The last decade has ushered in the exciting discoveries of cell surface receptors for the active component of delta-1 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Recent work indicates that cannabinoid agonists play an important biologic and perhaps therapeutic role. While the CB1 receptor predominates in the brain, CB2 receptors occur exclusively outside the nervous system, particularly in cells of the immune system. The capacity of cannabinoids to pharmacologically alter immune function is now well established, particularly on the production and responsiveness to certain cytokines by macrophages and dendritic cells. Accordingly, cannabinoid agonists can powerfully alter susceptibility to certain microbial infections, atherosclerosis, and cancer immunotherapy. We have previously shown the requirement of the CB2 receptor on immune cells for the development of specific immunoregulatory B and T cell subsets. These findings prompted us to determine whether agonists at the CB2 receptor could augment protection against colitis. To test this protection, we modeled both acute and immune colitis via DSS and Galphai2 −/− T cell transfer, respectively. We administered 3.5% DSS in acidified drinking water to a group of 6 C3H/HeJ mice with contemporaneous administration of CB2 agonist, AM1241 1 mg/kg or vehicle control (DMSO) intraperitoneally (IP). We monitored the mice for weight loss and diarrhea or hematochezia. We withdrew the DSS after 5 days and then sacrificed the mice on day 8 for the collection of colonic tissue for histologic colitis scoring. In a separate experiment, we isolated splenic T cells from sick Galphai2 −/− mice and administered them IP to 12 Rag 1 −/− mice and similarly administered AM1241 or DMSO. We found that mice given AM1241 were not protected against acute colitis modeled by DSS. AM1241 was protective against the development of immune Galphai2 −/− mediated T cell colitis as measured by both weight loss and histology. AM1241, a CB2 receptor-specific agonist protects against immune but not acute colitis. DSS is an injury model dependent on functioning innate immunity. It is possible that cannabinoid agonists may modulate colitis protection by acting on regulatory cell subsets bridging the innate and adaptive immune systems.
The first successful series of lung transplantations in Russia: A single centre experience (2013)

Background. In the 1950s Russian scientist V.P. Demikhov proved the opportunity of lung transplantation. Since that time the lung transplantation became the worldwide method of treatment for end-stage lung diseases. Annually above 3500 operations are performed in the world. And only 12 same operations were done in Russian Federation for last 50 years and only the one was successful. Aims and objectives. We evaluated the early and medium-term single-centre results for lung transplantation in N.V. Sklifosovskiy Research institute. Materials and methods. 11 double lung transplantations have been performed from May 2011 to May 2013. Major indications included obstructive lung disease (3), idiopathic pulmonary hypertension (2), cystic fibrosis (2), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (2). There were 4 males and 7 females with mean age 34,5±6,9 years among all recipients. The extracorporeal support was used at 7 procedures: 1 – cardiopulmonary bypass and 6 – venoarterial pump-driven extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. The immunosuppression was proved with induction therapy and maintenance standard three-component therapy. Results. The 1- and 2-year survival rates in all recipients were 44,4% and 32,4% respectively. The early mortality rate was 36,4% (4). The causes of death were infection with airway dehiscence (2) and multisystem organ failure (2). The pulmonary infection was the principal cause for early postoperative complication. Severe primary graft dysfunction (3 grade) developed only in 2 recipients. There weren’t any deaths in the late stages of a post-transplant period. Conclusions. The early and medium-term results for lung transplantation are not bad. But an efficient system is needed to improve.
Untreated hypertension among Australian adults: the 1999–2000 Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study (AusDiab) (2003)

Considerable scope remains for reducing the burden of cardiovascular disease through lifestyle modification and rational treatment of hypertension.
Identification of the migration path of interstitial carbon in silicon (1994)

We have performed ab initio total-energy calculations of ground-state properties and migration paths of interstitial carbon in silicon. The ground state involves threefold-coordinated carbon and silicon atoms and its geometry suggests primarily p and sp bonding for carbon, rather than ${\mathit{sp}}^{2}$ one would naively expect. Examination of possible migration paths reveals that only three correspond to small ``jumps'' involving a single ``bond breaking.'' Of these, we predict that only one has a barrier of considerably lower energy (\ensuremath{\sim}0.5 eV) and involves an intermediate ``saddle-point'' configuration of ${\mathit{C}}_{2}$ symmetry.
An easy, convenient way of describing the stability of fluorocarbon emulsions (1989)

A simple and practical way of processing the average particle size data to describe the stability of fluorocarbon emulsions prepared with Pluronic F-68 is reported. It is based on the observation that the volume of the droplets increases linearly with time. Only a short observation period is therefore needed to assess and describe this stability. Our results are qualitatively in accordance with the theories of Lifshits and Slezov or Higuchi and Misra on Ostwald ripening. The strong influence of the molecular weight of the fluorocarbon on the stability of its emulsions also supports the view that molecular diffusion, rather than coalescence, is the main degradation process of fluorocarbon emulsions.
Synthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial activities of clubbed [1,2,4]‐oxadiazoles with fluorobenzimidazoles (2009)

Abstract magnified image In this study, a novel series of substituted 4,6‐difluoro‐2‐{2‐[3‐(substituted‐phenyl)‐[1,2,4]‐oxadiazol‐5‐yl]‐ethyl}‐1 H ‐benzo[d]imidazole derivatives were synthesized by condensation of 2,4‐difluoro 6‐nitrophenyl amine with 3‐(substitutedphenyl‐[1,2,4]‐oxadiazol‐5yl) propionic acid by using 2,4,6‐trichlorobenzoyl chloride in the presence of triethyl amine base. The compounds were evaluated for their preliminary in vitro antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Escherichia coli , Staphylococcus aureus , and Salmonella typhosa . The antibacterial data of the tested compounds indicated that most of the synthesized compounds showed moderate activity with reference standard Gentamycin. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2009).
Mechanism design with approximate valuations (2012)

We study single-good auctions when each player knows his own valuation only within a constant multiplicative factor δ ε (0, 1), known to the mechanism designer. The classical notions of implementation in dominant strategies and implementation in undominated strategies are naturally extended to this setting, but their power is vastly different.
Blockade of T-cell costimulation prevents development of experimental chronic renal allograft rejection. (1996)

Blocking CD28-B7 T-cell costimulation by systemic administration of CTLA4Ig, a fusion protein which binds B7 molecules on the surface of antigen-presenting cells, prevents rejection and induces tolerance in experimental acute allograft rejection models. We tested the effect of CTLA4Ig therapy on the process of chronic renal allograft rejection using an established experimental transplantation model. F344 kidneys were transplanted orthotopically into bilaterally nephrectomized LEW recipients. Control animals received low dose cyclosporine for 10 days posttransplantation. Administration of a single injection of CTLA4Ig on day 2 posttransplant alone or in addition to the low dose cyclosporine protocol resulted in improvement of long-term graft survival as compared with controls. More importantly, control recipients which received cyclosporine only developed progressive proteinuria by 8-12 weeks, and morphological evidence of chronic rejection by 16-24 weeks, including widespread transplant arteriosclerosis and focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis, while animals treated with CTLA4Ig alone or in addition to cyclosporine did not. Competitive reverse transcriptase-PCR and immunohistological analysis of allografts at 8, 16, and 24 weeks showed attenuation of lymphocyte and macrophage infiltration and activation in the CTLA4Ig-treated animals, as compared with cyclosporine-alone treated controls. These data confirm that early blockade of the CD28-B7 T-cell costimulatory pathway prevents later development and evolution of chronic renal allograft rejection. Our results indicate that T-cell recognition of alloantigen is a central event in initiating the process of chronic rejection, and that strategies targeted at blocking T-cell costimulation may prove to be a valuable clinical approach to preventing development of the process.
Best wavelet-packet bases for audio coding using perceptual and rate-distortion criteria (1999)

This paper presents a new approach to the adaptation of a wavelet filterbank based on perceptual and rate-distortion criteria. The system makes use of a wavelet-packet transform where each subband can have an individual time-segmentation. Boundary effects can be avoided by using overlapping blocks of samples and therefore switching bases is possible at every tree-level without affecting other subbands. A modified psychoacoustic model using perceptual entropy can control the switching of the wavelet filterbank and the individual time-segmentation of every subband allows one to take advantage of temporal masking. Additionally a rate-distortion measure can control the filterbank for lossless audio coding applications or in cases where large coding gains can be achieved without using perceptual criteria. The weight of the perceptual measure as well as the weight of the rate-distortion measure can be selected individually, enabling to trade lossless coding versus perceptual coding.
A Framework for Optimizing Multi-Cell NOMA: Delivering Demand with Less Resource (2017)

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) allows multiple users to simultaneously access the same time-frequency resource by using superposition coding and successive interfer- ence cancellation (SIC). Thus far, most papers on NOMA have focused on performance gain for one or sometimes two base stations. In this paper, we study multi-cell NOMA and provide a general framework for user clustering and power allocation, taking into account inter-cell interference, for optimizing resource allocation of NOMA in multi-cell networks of arbitrary topology. We provide a series of theoretical analysis, to algorithmically en- able optimization approaches. The resulting algorithmic notion is very general. Namely, we prove that for any performance metric that monotonically increases in the cells' resource consumption, we have convergence guarantee for global optimum. We apply the framework with its algorithmic concept to a multi-cell scenario to demonstrate the gain of NOMA in achieving significantly higher efficiency.
Dynamic Behavior of N-Heterocyclic Carbene Boranes: Boron–Carbene Bonds in B,B-Disubstituted N,N-Dimethylimidazol-2-ylidene Boranes Have Substantial Rotation Barriers (2015)

Dynamic NMR spectroscopy has been used to measure rotation barriers in five B,B-disubstituted 1,3-dimethylimidazol-2-ylidene boranes. The barriers are attributed to the sp(2)-sp(3) bond between C(1) of the N-heterocyclic carbene ring and the boron atom. Bonds to boron atoms bearing a thexyl (1,1,2-trimethylpropyl) group show especially high barriers, ranging from 75-86 kJ mol(-1). 2-Isopropyl-1,3,5-trimethylbenzene is used as a comparable to help understand the nature and magnitude of the barriers.
Transcriptional Profiling Identifies the Metabolic Phenotype of Gonococcal Biofilms (2009)

Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the etiologic agent of gonorrhea, is frequently asymptomatic in women, often leading to chronic infections. One factor contributing to this may be biofilm formation. N. gonorrhoeae can form biofilms on glass and plastic surfaces. There is also evidence that biofilm formation may occur during natural cervical infection. To further study the mechanism of gonococcal biofilm formation, we compared transcriptional profiles of N. gonorrhoeae biofilms to planktonic profiles. Biofilm RNA was extracted from N. gonorrhoeae 1291 grown for 48 h in continuous-flow chambers over glass. Planktonic RNA was extracted from the biofilm runoff. In comparing biofilm with planktonic growth, 3.8% of the genome was differentially regulated. Genes that were highly upregulated in biofilms included aniA, norB, and ccp. These genes encode enzymes that are central to anaerobic respiratory metabolism and stress tolerance. Downregulated genes included members of the nuo gene cluster, which encodes the proton-translocating NADH dehydrogenase. Furthermore, it was observed that aniA, ccp, and norB insertional mutants were attenuated for biofilm formation on glass and transformed human cervical epithelial cells. These data suggest that biofilm formation by the gonococcus may represent a response that is linked to the control of nitric oxide steady-state levels during infection of cervical epithelial cells.
Application of an equation-of-motion coupled cluster method including higher-order corrections to potential energy surfaces of radicals (1999)

A method proposed some time ago to correct for residual correlation effects within the framework of equation-of-motion coupled-cluster theory for ionized states in the singles and doubles approximation (EOMIP-CCSD) is discussed, and a minor modification is suggested that provides a more balanced theoretical treatment. The resulting approach is used to calculate properties of diatomic radicals, where comparison with experiment and other high-level calculations is straightforward. In addition, two electronic states of NO2 and the ground state of the cyclic C3H molecule are studied, cases in which symmetry-breaking phenomena play an important role. Results indicate that EOMIP-CCSD* generally provides a systematic improvement relative to the uncorrected EOMIP-CCSD approach for predicting properties of radicals.
Copper(I) and copper(II) complexes of an ethylene cross-bridged cyclam (2000)

The preparation and crystal structures of (4,11-di­benzyl-1,4,8,11-tetra­aza­bi­cyclo­[6.6.2]­hexa­decane-κ4N)copper(I) hexa-fluorophosphate, [Cu(C26H38N4)]PF6, and acetonitrile(4,11-dibenzyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazabicyclo[6.6.2]hexadecane-κ4N)-copper(II) bis(hexafluorophosphate), [Cu(C2H3N)(C26H38-N4)](PF6)2, are described. The CuI ion is tetracoordinated in a very distorted tetrahedron, while the CuII analogue is pentacoordinated in a square pyramid.