gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Successful treatment of disseminated human Hodgkin's disease in SCID mice with deglycosylated ricin A-chain immunotoxins (1994)

Abstract To evaluate the effects of deglycosylated ricin A-chain (dgA) immunotoxins against disseminated Hodgkin's lymphoma, we used RFT5.dgA (CD25) and IRac.dgA (70 kD) to treat L540Cy Hodgkin cells in severely immunodeficient SCID mice. In this model, more than 90% of the animals developed multiple lymphomas in various organs such as the lymph nodes, liver, bone marrow, and extranodal sites that killed untreated animals after a mean survival time (MST) of 36.3 days. A single intraperitoneal injection of 8 micrograms of either immunotoxin rendered 95% (RFT5.dgA) and 93% (IRac.dgA), respectively, of mice tumor-free when applied 1 day after tumor challenge. The MST of the RFT5.dgA-treated group was extended by more than 80 days (P &lt; .00001). SCID mice treated 12 days after tumor challenge had lower remission rates (46%), suggesting that the antitumor effect of the immunotoxins depends on the number of tumor cells present. We conclude that ricin A-chain immunotoxins have potent antitumor effects against disseminated Hodgkin's tumors in SCID mice and that this model is ideally suited for the evaluation of different immunotoxin treatment modalities.
Analytic Models of the Infinite Porous Rotating Disk Electrode (2007)

The current generated from the electrochemical reaction in a porous rotating disk electrode (PRDE) is modeled analytically where the reactant transport is dominated by either advection or diffusion. When advection dominates, the concentration field of the reactant is found by assuming each fluid element behaves as a batch reactor and tracking them along their streamlines, utilizing the solution of the flow field in an infinite porous rotating disk by Joseph. The current is expressed in a simple algebraic form involving a dimensionless reaction time. The model accurately depicts the universal curve found from previous experiments and numerical simulations when the ratio of height to radius of the disk is less than about 0.25. The diffusion-dominated regime is modeled utilizing a boundary layer theory. The current is found as a function of the rotation rate, reaction rate, permeability, diffusion coefficients, kinematic viscosity, and geometry of the disk. The model coincides with the Levich equation at low rotation rates and shows excellent agreement with simulations and experiments regardless of the geometry of the disk. Combined, the two analytic models accurately describe the PRDE for the full range of its operation when the disk is sufficiently thin that the infinite disk assumption holds.
Multiwavelength, multilevel optical storage using dielectric mirrors (1994)

Optical storage systems store information at densities higher than other technologies and are less expensive per byte. Optical disk storage has been touted as a replacement for magnetic disks, but suffers from longer access times and lower data rates. The lower data rate of optical disks is partially due to lower disk rotation rates, but mainly a result of reading optical disks individually, rather than in parallel like magnetic disks. Reading several optical disks in parallel is possible but may complicate the removability of the disks. In this letter, we describe a wavelength-selective, multilayer disk based on dielectric mirrors that has potential to achieve a high degree of integration and parallelism.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Impact of the COVID-19 nonpharmaceutical interventions on influenza and other respiratory viral infections in New Zealand (2020)

Stringent nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) such as lockdowns and border closures are not currently recommended for pandemic influenza control. New Zealand used these NPIs to eliminate coronavirus disease 2019 during its first wave. Using multiple surveillance systems, we observed a parallel and unprecedented reduction of influenza and other respiratory viral infections in 2020. This finding supports the use of these NPIs for controlling pandemic influenza and other severe respiratory viral threats.
Microcontainers, an innovative oral drug delivery system for poorly soluble drugs (2014)

One of the key challenges in oral drug delivery is to increase the dissolution rate and solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs and thereby, improve the oral bioavailability of the drugs. One solution is to modify the actual drug formulation, but recently micro fabricated drug delivery devices have been proposed as alternative oral drug delivery systems [1,2]. Microcontainers are small polymeric devices consisting of a flat base with a walled reservoir and have been suggested as a potential approach to increase the oral drug bioavailability [3,4]. The microcontainers are characterised by enabling unidirectional release directly to the intestinal mucosa, as only one side of the microcontainers is open. The cavity of the microcontainers is filled with drug and subsequently coated with a lid of a pHsensitive polymer to protect the drug from degradation and premature release in the stomach. After emptying into the duodenum the polymer lid will dissolve at the higher pH in the small intestine and the drug is released and absorbed through the intestinal wall (Fig. 1). A challenge that has not been addressed so far is to fabricate the microcontainers using a biodegradable polymer. Here, we demonstrate the fabrication of the microcontainers with Poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA), a polymer approved by the US Food and Drug administration (FDA) for drug delivery purposes and categorised as a biopolymer with long biodegradation time [5] and therefore, suitable to use for fabrication of the microcontainers for oral drug delivery. The purpose was to fabricate microcontainers in PLLA polymer films using hot embossing, and to identify a method to fill powders into the microcontainers. Moreover, the application of fabricated microcontainers as an oral drug delivery system for a poorly soluble drug was studied (Fig. 1). Microcontainers, an innovative oral drug delivery system for poorly soluble drugs
Speech transcript analysis for automatic search (2005)

We address the problem of finding collateral information pertinent to a live television broadcast in real time. The solution starts with a text transcript of the broadcast generated by an automatic speech recognition system. Speaker independent speech recognition technology, even when tailored for a broadcast scenario, generally produces transcripts with relatively low accuracy. Given this limitation, we have developed algorithms that can determine the essence of the broadcast from these transcripts. Specifically, we extract named entities, topics, and sentence types from the transcript and use them to automatically generate both structured and unstructured search queries. A novel distance-ranking algorithm is used to select relevant information from the search results. The whole process is performed online and the query results (i.e., the collateral information) are added to the broadcast stream.
Study of exclusive photoproduction of charmonium in ultra-peripheral lead-lead collisions (2023)

A bstract The cross-sections of exclusive (coherent) photoproduction J/ψ and ψ (2S) mesons in ultra-peripheral PbPb collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 5 . 02 TeV are measured using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 228 ± 10 μb − 1 , collected by the LHCb experiment in 2018. The differential cross-sections are measured separately as a function of transverse momentum and rapidity in the nucleus-nucleus centre-of-mass frame for J/ψ and ψ (2S) mesons. The integrated cross-sections are measured to be $$ {\sigma}_{J/\psi}^{\textrm{coh}} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>σ</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>J</mml:mi> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mi>ψ</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>coh</mml:mi> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> = 5 . 965 ± 0 . 059 ± 0 . 232 ± 0 . 262 mb and $$ {\sigma}_{\psi (2S)}^{\textrm{coh}} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>σ</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>ψ</mml:mi> <mml:mfenced> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mi>S</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mfenced> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>coh</mml:mi> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> = 0 . 923 ± 0 . 086 ± 0 . 028 ± 0 . 040 mb, where the first listed uncertainty is statistical, the second systematic and the third due to the luminosity determination. The cross-section ratio is measured to be $$ {\sigma}_{\psi (2S)}^{\textrm{coh}}/{\sigma}_{J/\psi}^{\textrm{coh}} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>σ</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>ψ</mml:mi> <mml:mfenced> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mi>S</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mfenced> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>coh</mml:mi> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>σ</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>J</mml:mi> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mi>ψ</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>coh</mml:mi> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> = 0 . 155 ± 0 . 014 ± 0 . 003, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. These results are compatible with theoretical predictions.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Preparation of Biologically Important 1,2‐Amino Alcohols. (2013)

Abstract An efficient three‐step methodology for the formation of 1,2‐amino alcohols (V) is developed which involves a rapid coupling between bromoketones and potassium phthalimide, subsequent selective reduction and finally an efficient removal step of the phthalimido protection group.
Emission Changes Resulting from the San Pedro Bay, California Ports Truck Retirement Program (2011)

Recent U.S. Environmental Protection Agency emissions regulations have resulted in lower emissions of particulate matter and oxides of nitrogen from heavy-duty diesel trucks. To accelerate fleet turnover the State of California in 2008 along with the Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach (San Pedro Bay Ports) in 2006 passed regulations establishing timelines forcing the retirement of older diesel trucks. On-road emissions measurements of heavy-duty diesel trucks were collected over a three-year period, beginning in 2008, at a Port of Los Angeles location and an inland weigh station on the Riverside freeway (CA SR91). At the Port location the mean fleet age decreased from 12.7 years in April of 2008 to 2.5 years in May of 2010 with significant reductions in carbon monoxide (30%), oxides of nitrogen (48%) and infrared opacity (a measure of particulate matter, 54%). We also observed a 20-fold increase in ammonia emissions as a result of new, stoichiometrically combusted, liquefied natural gas powered trucks. These results compare with changes at our inland site where the average ages were 7.9 years in April of 2008 and 8.3 years in April of 2010, with only small reductions in oxides of nitrogen (10%) being statistically significant. Both locations have experienced significant increases in nitrogen dioxide emissions from new trucks equipped with diesel particle filters; raising the mean nitrogen dioxide to oxides of nitrogen ratios from less than 10% to more than 30% at the Riverside freeway location.
Using Covalent Dimers of Human Carbonic Anhydrase II To Model Bivalency in Immunoglobulins (2011)

This paper describes the development of a new bivalent system comprising synthetic dimers of carbonic anhydrase linked chemically through thiol groups of cysteine residues introduced by site-directed mutagenesis. These compounds serve as models with which to study the interaction of bivalent proteins with ligands presented at the surface of mixed self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). Monovalent carbonic anhydrase (CA) binds to benzenesulfonamide ligands presented on the surface of the SAM with K(d)(surf) = 89 nM. The synthetic bivalent proteins--inspired by the structure of immunoglobulins--bind bivalently to the sulfonamide-functionalized SAMs with low nanomolar avidities (K(d)(avidity,surf) = 1-3 nM); this difference represents a ~50-fold enhancement of bivalent over monovalent association. The paper describes dimers of CA having (i) different lengths of the covalent linker that joined the two proteins and (ii) different points of attachment of the linker to the protein (either near the active site (C133) or distal to the active site (C185)). Comparison of the thermodynamics of their interactions with SAMs presenting arylsulfonamide groups demonstrated that varying the length of the linker between the molecules of CA had virtually no effect on the rate of association, or on the avidity of these dimers with ligand-presenting surfaces. Varying the point of attachment of the linker between monomeric CA's also had almost no effect on the avidity of the dimers, although changing the point of attachment affected the rates of binding and unbinding. These observations indicate that the avidities of these bivalent proteins, and by inference the avidities of structurally similar bivalent proteins such as IgG, are unexpectedly insensitive to the structure of the linker connecting them.
Fully controlled precessional switching of a macrospin in a cross-wire geometry (2003)

Ultrafast scanning Kerr microscopy measurements of half-precession-cycle, quasiballistic magnetization switching in a Permalloy™ macrospin are presented. The 20×7 μm2, 15-nm ellipse-shaped element is embedded in a continuous film of thinner Py, which effectively eliminates the remanent state closure domains and strongly increases coherence of dynamic motions in the large element. A perpendicular crossing-wire geometry allows pulse excitations to both the easy and hard axes. Data for well-terminated, ringing-suppressed ballistic switching and poorly-terminated switching with ringing are presented with hard axis pulses as small as 12 Oe and as short as ∼400-ps driving precessional switching. With addition of an easy-axis overlapping pulse, half-select precessional switching into a metastable state is observed; however, large spatial nonuniformities are introduced into the element dynamics, which ultimately defeat the half-select switching process.
Classifying COVID-19 positive X-ray using deep learning models (2021)

COVID-19 is a pandemic characterized by uncertainty not only in transmission and pathogenicity, but also in disease-specific control options. Despite many governmental measures, the disease is spreading and in many countries, the public health system is close to be collapsed. Alternative techniques should be taken in order to minimize the COVID-19 negative impacts on the society. This work presents preliminary results of deep learning models to classify COVID-19 positive based on X-ray images. We provide binary classification (COVID-19 vs healhty, and COVID-19 vs pneumonia) and also multiclass (COVID-19 vs pneumonia vs healhty) regarding five metrics: accuracy, percision, sensibility, specificity and F1-score. Results show that VGG models present the best results, achiving 98.81% of precision in binary classification, and 91.68% in multiclass classification.
Data from Adipocyte Exosomes Promote Melanoma Aggressiveness through Fatty Acid Oxidation: A Novel Mechanism Linking Obesity and Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Malignant progression results from a dynamic cross-talk between stromal and cancer cells. Recent evidence suggests that this cross-talk is mediated to a significant extent by exosomes, nanovesicles secreted by most cell types and which allow the transfer of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids between cells. Adipocytes are a major component of several tumor microenvironments, including that of invasive melanoma, where cells have migrated to the adipocyte-rich hypodermic layer of the skin. We show that adipocytes secrete exosomes in abundance, which are then taken up by tumor cells, leading to increased migration and invasion. Using mass spectrometry, we analyzed the proteome of adipocyte exosomes. Interestingly, these vesicles carry proteins implicated in fatty acid oxidation (FAO), a feature highly specific to adipocyte exosomes. We further show that, in the presence of adipocyte exosomes, FAO is increased in melanoma cells. Inhibition of this metabolic pathway completely abrogates the exosome-mediated increase in migration. Moreover, in obese mice and humans, both the number of exosomes secreted by adipocytes as well as their effect on FAO-dependent cell migration are amplified. These observations might in part explain why obese melanoma patients have a poorer prognosis than their nonobese counterparts. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 76(14); 4051–7. ©2016 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Att vara eller inte vara motiverad : en kvantitativ studie av gymnasieelevers inställning till ämnet idrott och hälsa ur ett motivations- och genusperspektiv (2007)

Sammanfattning Syfte och frågeställningar Syftet med den aktuella studien var att undersöka inställning till ämnet idrott och hälsa ur ett motivations- och genusperspektiv hos gymnasieelever i årskurs 2 på det naturvetenskapliga programmet. • Vilka är de vanligaste motivationsfaktorerna till att eleverna deltar i idrott och hälsa? • Hur ser sambandet ut mellan elevernas inställning till ämnet idrott och hälsa och motivationstyp? • Finns det några skillnader i inställning till ämnet idrott och hälsa och motivationstyp mellan könen? Metod För att samla in data till undersökningen användes en kvantitativ enkätmetod. Målgruppen bestod av 122 gymnasieelever i årskurs två som studerade på det naturvetenskapliga programmet. Eleverna valdes ut från två gymnasieskolor i Stockholm. Enkätsvaren behandlades statistiskt med hjälp av SPSS där signifikansnivån sattes till (p&lt;0,05). Resultat Analysen av enkätsvaren visade att den främst förekommande anledningen till att de motiverade eleverna deltar i idrott och hälsa utgörs av faktorn upplevelse. Resultaten visar på ett starkt negativt samband mellan amotivation och inställning, vilket innebär att elever med en hög amotivation med största sannolikhet även har en negativ inställning till idrott och hälsa. Den inre- samt yttre motivationen har ett positivt samband i förhållande till inställningen. Detta innebär att elever med en hög inre- eller yttre motivation med största sannolikhet har en positiv inställning till idrott och hälsa. Det fanns en statistiskt säkerställd skillnad mellan könen gällande inställning och motivationstyp till ämnet idrott och hälsa, där en större andel pojkar var positivt inställda och en större andel flickor var amotiverade. Slutsats Studiens resultat pekar på centrala faktorer som lärare i idrott och hälsa kan få nytta av i sin undervisning. Undersökningen visar vilka faktorer som är viktiga för att kunna bibehålla motivation hos elever som har en inre- eller yttre motivation, samt vilka faktorer som är väsentliga för läraren att ta hänsyn till för att skapa motivation hos de amotiverade eleverna och därmed bygga upp en positiv inställning till idrott och hälsa.
BioLC-Oscillator: A Self-Powered Wireless Glucose-Sensing System with the Glucose Dependent Resonance Frequency (2012)

A stand-alone wireless glucose-sensing system can be constructed by combining a biofuel cell and a transmitter that sends signals to the receiver using only the power generated in the biofuel cell without any external power source. However, the inherent low power supply of biofuel cells limits its application as a power source for signal transmittance. We have previously reported a novel device, called a “BioCapacitor.” In this study, we report a stand-alone, self-powered, wireless glucose sensing system called a “BioLC-Oscillator.” A BioLC-Oscillator is composed of a BioCapacitor and voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) circuits, whose resonance frequencies depend on the input voltage level. We succeeded in constructing a stand-alone, self-powered, wireless glucose sensing system called the BioLC-Oscillator by using a radio transmitter in which the radio wave resonance frequency changes according to glucose concentration within the range from 0.86 to 10.1 mM, which covers from the hypoglycemic range to a part of the hyperglycemic range.
Impact of Pseudomonas fluorescens strain CHA0 and a derivative with improved biocontrol activity on the culturable resident bacterial community on cucumber roots (1998)

Information on the effects of released wild-type or genetically engineered bacteria on resident bacterial communities is important to assess the potential risks associated with the introduction of these organisms into agroecosystems. The rifampicinresistant biocontrol strain Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0-Rif and its derivative CHA0-Rif/pME3424, which has improved biocontrol activity and enhanced production of the antibiotics 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (Phl) and pyoluteorin (Plt), were introduced into soil microcosms and the culturable bacterial community developing on cucumber roots was investigated 10 and 52 days later. The introduction of either of the two strains led to a transiently enhanced metabolic activity of the bacterial community on glucose dimers and polymers as measured with BIOLOG GN plates, but natural succession between the two sampling dates changed the metabolic activity of the bacterial community more than did the inoculants. The introduced strains did not significantly affect the abundance of dominant genotypic groups of culturable bacteria discriminated by restriction analysis of amplified 16S rDNA of 2500 individual isolates. About 30^50% of the resident bacteria were very sensitive to Phl and Plt, but neither the wild-type nor CHA0-Rif/pME3424 changed the proportion of sensitive and resistant bacteria in situ. In microcosms with a synthetic bacterial community, both biocontrol strains reduced the population of a strain of Pseudomonas but did not affect the abundance of four other bacterial strains including two highly antibiotic-sensitive isolates. We conclude that detectable perturbations in the metabolic activity of the resident bacterial community caused by the biocontrol strain CHA0-Rif are (i) transient, (ii) similar for the genetically improved derivative CHA0-Rif/pME3424 and (iii) less pronounced than changes in the community structure during plant growth.
The Relationship between the Drug Concentration Profiles in Plasma and the Drug Doses in the Colon (2010)

After the dosing of an extended-release (ER) formulation, compounds may exist in solutions at various concentrations in the colon because the drugs are released at various speeds from the ER dosage form. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the drug concentration profiles in plasma and the drug doses in the colon. Several drug solutions of different concentrations were directly administered into the ascending colon of dogs using a lubricated endoscope, and the effects of the drug dose on colonic absorption were estimated. As a result, dose-dependency of colonic absorption varied from compound to compound. Although the relative bioavailability of colonic administration of diclofenac, metformin and cevimeline compared to oral administration was similar regardless of the drug doses in the colon, colonic absorption of diltiazem varied according to the doses. From the results of the co-administration of verapamil and fexofenadine, it was clear that diltiazem underwent extensive hepatic and gastrointestinal first-pass metabolism, resulting in a low area under the curves (AUC) at a low drug dose. During the design of oral ER delivery systems, a colonic absorption study of candidate compounds should be carried out at several solutions of different drug concentrations and assessed carefully.
Homogeneous Catalysis Using Supercritical Fluids (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Risk factors of postoperative ascites on hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma (2016)

Patients with a 6 or 7 point CTP score, major hepatic resection and/or portal hypertension were more likely to develop LA and experience deterioration of liver function after surgery. The selection of patients for hepatic resection should be based on a balanced assessment of the benefits of HCC treatment and risk of postoperative liver failure.