gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chemotherapy-Induced Neuropathy and Drug Discovery Platform Using Human Sensory Neurons Converted Directly from Adult Peripheral Blood (2019)

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (PN) is a disorder damaging the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and represents one of the most common side effects of chemotherapy, negatively impacting the quality of life of patients to the extent of withdrawing life-saving chemotherapy dose or duration. Unfortunately, the pathophysiological effects of PN are poorly understood, in part due to the lack of availability of large numbers of human sensory neurons (SNs) for study. Previous reports have demonstrated that human SNs can be directly converted from primitive CD34<sup>+</sup> hematopoietic cells, but was limited to a small-scale product of SNs and derived exclusively from less abundant allogenic sources of cord or drug mobilized peripheral blood (PB). To address this shortcoming, we have developed and report detailed procedures toward the generation of human SN directly converted from conventionally drawn PB of adults that can be used in a high-content screening platform for discovery-based studies of chemotherapy agents on neuronal biology. In the absence of mobilization drugs, cryogenically preserved adult human PB could be induced to (i)SN via development through expandable neural precursor differentiation. iSNs could be transferable to high-throughput procedures suitable for high-content screening applicable to neuropathy for example, alterations in neurite morphology in response to chemotherapeutics. Our study provides the first reported platform using adult PB-derived iSNs to study peripheral nervous system-related neuropathies as well as target and drug screening potential for the ability to prevent, block, or repair chemotherapy-induced PN damage. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2019;8:1180-1191.
Examination of objects in translation using limited number of X-ray viewpoints (2001)

This paper deals with the X-ray inspection of objects translating upon a conveyor belt. When volumetric information about the object is required, a solution consists in using a limited number of X-ray viewpoints, typically 3 to 6. The projections can be combined using an iterative Algebraic Reconstruction Technique (ART). Nevertheless, the ART algorithm adapted to our specific geometry still provides underestimated quantitative values. In this paper, we propose to reconstruct accurate 3D quantitative measures inside the object, by integrating a priori knowledge concerning the object when available.
Performance analysis of cavitating flow in centrifugal pumps using multiphase CFD (2003)

A multi-phase CFD method is used to analyze centrifugal pump performance under developed cavitating conditions. The differential model employed is the homogeneous two-phase Reynolds-Averaged-Navier-Stokes equations, wherein mixture momentum and volume continuity equations are solved along with vapor volume fraction continuity. Mass transfer modeling is provided for the phase change associated with sheet cavitation. Quasi-three-dimensional (Q3D) and fully-three-dimensional analyses are performed for two impeller configurations. Using Q3D analysis, steady and time-dependent analyses were performed across a wide range of flow coefficients and cavitation numbers. Characteristic performance trends associated with offdesign flow and blade cavitation are observed. The rapid drop in head coefficient at low cavitation numbers (breakdown) is captured for all flow coefficients. Local flow field solution plots elucidate the principal physical mechanisms associated with the onset of breakdown. Results are also presented which illustrate the full three dimensional capability of the method.
The Influence of Contexts on Decision-Making (2007)

Many environments in which people and computer agents interact involve deploying resources to accomplish tasks and satisfy goals. This paper investigates the way that the contextual setting in which decisions are made affects the behavior of people and the performance of computer agents that interact with people in such environments. It presents experiments that measured negotiation behavior in two types of contextual settings. One provided a task context that made explicit the relationship between goals, tasks and resources, The other provided a completely abstract context in which the payoffs for all decision choices were listed. Results show that people are more helpful, less selfish, and less competitive when making decisions in task contexts than when making them in completely abstract contexts. Further, their overall performance was better in task contexts. A predictive computational model that was trained on data obtained in task contexts outperformed a model that was trained under abstract contexts. These results indicate that modeling the way people make decisions in context is essential for the design of computer agents that will interact with people.
Mucociliary transport deficiency and disease progression in Syrian hamsters with SARS-CoV-2 infection (2023)

Substantial clinical evidence supports the notion that ciliary function in the airways is important in COVID-19 pathogenesis. Although ciliary damage has been observed in both in vitro and in vivo models, the extent or nature of impairment of mucociliary transport (MCT) in in vivo models remains unknown. We hypothesize that SARS-CoV-2 infection results in MCT deficiency in the airways of golden Syrian hamsters that precedes pathological injury in lung parenchyma. Micro-optical coherence tomography was used to quantitate functional changes in the MCT apparatus. Both genomic and subgenomic viral RNA pathological and physiological changes were monitored in parallel. We show that SARS-CoV-2 infection caused a 67% decrease in MCT rate as early as 2 days postinfection (dpi) in hamsters, principally due to 79% diminished airway coverage of motile cilia. Correlating quantitation of physiological, virological, and pathological changes reveals steadily descending infection from the upper airways to lower airways to lung parenchyma within 7 dpi. Our results indicate that functional deficits of the MCT apparatus are a key aspect of COVID-19 pathogenesis, may extend viral retention, and could pose a risk factor for secondary infection. Clinically, monitoring abnormal ciliated cell function may indicate disease progression. Therapies directed toward the MCT apparatus deserve further investigation.
REGRESSION OF DIABETIC RUBEOSIS IRIDIS FOLLOWING SUCCESSFUL SURGICAL REATTACHMENT OF THE RETINA BY VITRECTOMY (1982)

The relationship between successful surgical reattachment of the retina following diabetic vitrectomy and regression of preoperative rubeosis iridis was investigated. Seventy-nine (9.2%) of 850 diabetic cases undergoing vitrectomy had both preoperative iris rubeosis and retinal detachment. The iris could be adequately evaluated and the retina could be visualized after surgery in 36 cases. Regression of the rubeosis iridis occurred after surgery in 16 (76%) of 21 eyes in which the retina was reattached successfully. Only four (27%) of 15 eyes had regression of rubeosis iridis when the retina was not reattached completely. Retention of the lens also correlated with regression of rubeosis iridis. Regression occurred in 10(55%) of 18 cases in which the lens was not removed, 13 (28.2%) of 46 eyes in which lensectomy was combined with vitrectomy, and none of eight previously aphakic eyes. Although the combination of preoperative retinal detachment and rubeosis iridis is associated with a worsened prognosis, successful reattachment of the retina and retention of the lens favorably influence later regression of preoperative rubeosis iridis.
Photofragment orientation as a probe of near-threshold nonadiabatic phenomena in the photodissociation of iodine cyanide (ICN). (1990)

Cyanogen iodide (ICN) is photodissociated at 249 nm. The CN(X2S+, n = 2) fragments are probed by sub-Doppler laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) using circularly polarized light, which allows resoln. of the F1 (J = N + 1/2) and F2 (J = N - 1/2) spin-rotation doublets. These components are shown to be oriented, i.e. to possess a non-statistical non-centrosym. MJ quantum-state distribution. The sign and magnitude of the orientation vary between components and are shown to have some correlation with the energetic threshold for prodn. of the I(2P1/2) spin-orbit state. These observations are briefly discussed in the context of breakdown of the Born-Oppenheimer approxn. in this system.
Prediction of Slope Failure Using Highly Accurate Tilt Sensors (2008)

建設工事中の斜面崩壊による労働災害は，中小規模工事での被災がほとんどを占めている．これらの背景には，中小規模工事に対応した労働災害防止技術の開発の立ち遅れや，経費に余裕のない中小規模工事においても利用可能な簡易で廉価な計測・警報装置が十分に整備されていないことがある．そのため本研究では，経費に余裕のない中小規模工事にも利用可能なより廉価な計測システムの製作を目的として，半導体加速度センサーを利用した高精度傾斜計の開発および試作を行った．本報では，高精度傾斜計の概要を紹介するとともに，高さ2.2mの室内斜面模型の崩壊実験に基づき，高精度傾斜計による斜面崩壊直前予知の可能性および最適な設置位置等について検証を行った結果を報告する．
Broadband amplitude, frequency, and polarization splitter for terahertz frequencies using parallel-plate waveguide technology (2020)

In this Letter, we report a broadband frequency/polarization demultiplexer based on parallel-plate waveguides (PPWGs) for terahertz (THz) frequencies. The fabrication and experimental validation of this polarization sensitive demultiplexer is demonstrated for the range from 0.2 to 1 THz. Upgrading the demultiplexer by adding a second demultiplexer stage, a fifty-fifty amplitude splitter is also demonstrated in the same frequency range. The multiplexer is based on a stainless-steel traveling-wave antenna, exhibiting strong mechanical robustness. This unique device exhibits three splitting mechanisms in the same device: amplitude, polarization, and frequency splitting. This is a significant improvement for the next generation of THz passive components for communication purposes.
Detecting Fake News with Weak Social Supervision (2019)

Limited labeled data is becoming the largest bottleneck for supervised learning systems. This is especially the case for many real-world tasks where large scale annotated examples are either too expensive to acquire or unavailable due to privacy or data access constraints. Weak supervision has shown to be a good means to mitigate the scarcity of annotated data by leveraging weak labels or injecting constraints from heuristic rules and/or external knowledge sources. Social media has little labeled data but possesses unique characteristics that make it suitable for generating weak supervision, resulting in a new type of weak supervision, i.e., weak social supervision. In this article, we illustrate how various aspects of social media can be used to generate weak social supervision. Specifically, we use the recent research on fake news detection as the use case, where social engagements are abundant but annotated examples are scarce, to show that weak social supervision is effective when facing the little labeled data problem. This article opens the door for learning with weak social supervision for other emerging tasks.
Carbon Nitride Nanothread Crystals Derived from Pyridine (2018)

Carbon nanothreads are a new one-dimensional sp<sup>3</sup> carbon nanomaterial. They assemble into hexagonal crystals in a room temperature, nontopochemical solid-state reaction induced by slow compression of benzene to 23 GPa. Here we show that pyridine also reacts under compression to form a well-ordered sp<sup>3</sup> product: C<sub>5</sub>NH<sub>5</sub> carbon nitride nanothreads. Solid pyridine has a different crystal structure from solid benzene, so the nontopochemical formation of low-dimensional crystalline solids by slow compression of small aromatics may be a general phenomenon that enables chemical design of properties. The nitrogen in the carbon nitride nanothreads may improve processability, alters photoluminescence, and is predicted to reduce the bandgap.
Shift-invariant cone-beam reconstruction outside R-lines with a disconnected source trajectory (2012)

Over the past decade, significant progress has been made in theoretically-exact and stable (TES) cone-beam reconstruction using shift-invariant filtering, provided that Tuy's condition is satisfied. However, these algorithms only allow reconstruction at positions that lie on an R-line (an R-line is any segment of line that connects two source positions). In 2005, Pack and Noo proposed a formula that allows TES reconstruction outside R-lines using shift-invariant filtering. However, for some disconnected source trajectories, the backprojection and filtering steps for this formula are complex. In this work, we propose a new shift-invariant reconstruction formula that allows less complex TES reconstruction outside R-lines for some disconnected source trajectories. This new formula is validated using computer simulated data from a tent trajectory.
Polymerase chain reaction for identification of human and porcine spirochaetes recovered from cases of intestinal spirochaetosis (1995)

A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of 16S rDNA was developed to identify spirochaetes recovered from cases of intestinal spirochaetosis in humans and pigs; these bacteria belong to a distinct genetic group of spirochaetes, with the proposed name 'Anguillina coli'. The PCR incorporated a universal eubacterial 16S rDNA sequencing primer (1492r), and a 21-base forward primer designed to include a nucleotide sequence specific for 'A. coli'. The PCR was used to correctly identify DNA extracted from 43 isolates of 'A. coli' from humans and pigs, whilst no product was produced from Escherichia coli, or from other intestinal spirochaetes, including 38 isolates of Serpulina spp., and one each of Treponema succinifaciens and Brachyspira aalborgi. The amplification provided a rapid and simple means of identifying DNA from isolates of 'A. coli', and could be used on boiled whole 'A. coli' cells, with a detection limit equivalent to 2.5 x 10(2) cells. The reaction was used to detect and identify these spirochaetes from selective agar plates inoculated with stool specimens from infected pigs.
In vitro sepsis up‐regulates Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ receptor expression and function on human T‐ but not B‐cells (2023)

We suggest both a constitutive and sepsis-inducible N/OFQ-NOP receptor autocrine regulation of B- and T-cell function, respectively. These NOP receptors variably inhibit migration and reduce GM-CSF release. These data provide mechanistic insights to the detrimental role for increased N/OFQ signalling in sepsis and suggest a potential role for NOP antagonists as treatments.
The Use of Graft Copolymers to Bind Immiscible Blends (1994)

Computer simulations and experimental studies were combined to design copolymers that enhance the strength of polymer composites. These copolymers contain side chains that associate across the boundary between phase-separated regions to form a "molecular velcro" that effectively binds the regions together. This behavior significantly improves the structural integrity and mechanical properties of the material. Because the side chains can be fabricated from a large class of compounds, the technique greatly increases the variety of copolymers that can be used in forming high-strength polymer blends.
Improvement of SET variability in TaOxbased resistive RAM devices (2017)

Improvement or at least control of variability is one of the key challenges for Redox based resistive switching memory technology. In this paper, we investigate the impact of a serial resistor as a voltage divider on the SET variability in Pt/Ta<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>/Ta/Pt nano crossbar devices. A partial RESET in a competing complementary switching (CS) mode is identified as a possible failure mechanism of bipolar switching SET in our devices. Due to a voltage divider effect, serial resistance value shows unequal impact on switching voltages of both modes which allows for a selective suppression of the CS mode. The impact of voltage divider on SET variability is demonstrated. A combination of appropriate write voltage and serial resistance allows for a significant improvement of the SET variability.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Construction and genetic selection of small transmembrane proteins that activate the human erythropoietin receptor. (2010)

This work describes a genetic approach to isolate small, artificial transmembrane (TM) proteins with biological activity. The bovine papillomavirus E5 protein is a dimeric, 44-amino acid TM protein that transforms cells by specifically binding and activating the platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR). We used the E5 protein as a scaffold to construct a retrovirus library expressing 500; 000 unique 44-amino acid proteins with randomized TM domains. We screened this library to select small, dimeric TM proteins that were structurally unrelated to erythropoietin (EPO), but specifically activated the human EPO receptor (hEPOR). These proteins did not activate the murine EPOR or the PDGFR. Genetic studies with one of these activators suggested that it interacted with the TM domain of the hEPOR. Furthermore, this TM activator supported erythroid differentiation of primary human hematopoietic progenitor cells in vitro in the absence of EPO. Thus, we have changed the specificity of a protein so that it no longer recognizes its natural target but, instead, modulates an entirely different protein. This represents a novel strategy to isolate small artificial proteins that affect diverse membrane proteins. We suggest the word "traptamer" for these transmembrane aptamers.
Achievement of p-type doping in gallium nitride by beryllium implantation (2005)

For the first time, p-type doping through beryllium implantation in gallium nitride was achieved by using a new annealing process, in which the sample was first annealed in forming gas and then in pure nitrogen. The sheet concentration of the holes was estimated to be about 2 /spl times/ 10/sup 13/ cm/sup -2/ from Hall measurements. The structures of the samples annealed under different conditions were analyzed using high resolution X-ray diffractometry and Rutherford back scattering. The results showed that the crystal structure of the implanted region was almost restored after annealing, except for possibly some point defects.
Retinal Vessel Calibers Predict Long-term Microvascular Complications in Type 1 Diabetes: The Danish Cohort of Pediatric Diabetes 1987 (DCPD1987) (2014)

Diabetic neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy cause significant morbidity in patients with type 1 diabetes, even though improvements in treatment modalities delay the appearance and reduce the severity of these complications. To prevent or further delay the onset, it is necessary to better understand common underlying pathogenesis and to discover preclinical biomarkers of these complications. Retinal vessel calibers have been associated with the presence of microvascular complications, but their long-term predictive value has only been sparsely investigated. We examined retinal vessel calibers as 16-year predictors of diabetic nephropathy, neuropathy, and proliferative retinopathy in a young population-based Danish cohort with type 1 diabetes. We used semiautomated computer software to analyze vessel diameters on baseline retinal photos. Calibers of all vessels coursing through a zone 0.5-1 disc diameter from the disc margin were measured and summarized as the central artery and vein equivalents. In multiple regression analyses, we found wider venular diameters and smaller arteriolar diameters were both predictive of the 16-year development of nephropathy, neuropathy, and proliferative retinopathy. Early retinal vessel caliber changes are seemingly early markers of microvascular processes, precede the development of microvascular complications, and are a potential noninvasive predictive test on future risk of diabetic retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy.
Chemical aspects of electronic ceramics processing : symposium held November 30-December 4, 1997, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A. (1998)

The use of high-performance ceramic materials in electronics holds the potential for the development of a wide array of novel, high-value products. These include: ferroelectric ceramic capacitors for ferroelectric nonvolatile random access memory (FRAM); high-dielectric capacitors for dynamic random access memory (DRAM); low-dielectric aerogels and mesoporous materials; electro-optical materials for waveguides, filters and switches; electronic packaging and interconnects for microelectronics; and wide-bandgap materials for blue LEDs and high-temperature devices. The key to the application of any of these materials is the method of deposition (thin films) or fabrication (bulk). Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) continues to be an area of research together with new and improved precursors, delivery systems for low-vapor pressure precursors and improved processing and materials properties. Solution processing of films is also a central theme. Topics include: chemical vapor deposition of oxide ceramics; chemical vapor deposition of nonoxide ceramics; solution routes to ceramic materials; characterization and application of ceramic materials and novel processing of ceramic materials -process characterization.
Anti-CD22 90Y-epratuzumab tetraxetan combined with anti-CD20 veltuzumab: a phase I study in patients with relapsed/refractory, aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma (2014)

A lingering criticism of radioimmunotherapy in non-Hodgkin lymphoma is the use of cold anti-CD20 antibody along with the radiolabeled anti-CD20 antibody. We instead combined radioimmunotherapy with immunotherapy targeting different B-cell antigens. We evaluated the anti-CD22 (90)Y-epratuzumab tetraxetan with the anti-CD20 veltuzumab in patients with aggressive lymphoma in whom at least one prior standard treatment had failed, but who had not undergone stem cell transplantation. Eighteen patients (median age 73 years, median of 3 prior treatments) received 200 mg/m(2) veltuzumab once-weekly for 4 weeks, with (90)Y-epratuzumab tetraxetan at planned doses in weeks 3 and 4, and (111)In-epratuzumab tetraxetan in week 2 for imaging and dosimetry. Veltuzumab effectively lowered levels of B cells in the blood prior to the radioimmunotherapy doses. No significant immunogenicity or change in pharmacokinetics of either agent occurred in combination. (111)In imaging showed tumor targeting with acceptable radiation dosimetry to normal organs. For (90)Y-epratuzumab tetraxetan, transient myelosuppression was dose-limiting with 6 mCi/m(2) (222 MBq/m(2)) × 2 being the maximal tolerated dose. Of 17 assessable patients, nine (53%) had objective responses according to the 2007 revised treatment response criteria, including three (18%) complete responses (2 relapsing after 11 and 13 months, 1 continuing to be clinically disease-free at 19 months), and six (35%) partial responses (1 relapsing after 14 months, 5 at 3 - 7 months). Responses occurred in patients with different lymphoma histologies, treated at different (90)Y dose levels, and with a predicted risk of poor outcome, most importantly including five of the six patients treated with the maximal tolerated dose (2 of whom achieved durable complete responses). In conclusion, the combination of (90)Y-epratuzumab tetraxetan and veltuzumab was well-tolerated with encouraging therapeutic activity in this difficult-to-treat population.