gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Possible therapeutic potential of a recombinant group 2 grass pollen allergen-specific antibody fragment (2013)

The induction of blocking IgG antibodies that compete with IgE for allergen binding is one important mechanism of allergen-specific immunotherapy. The application of blocking antibodies may be an alternative treatment strategy. A synthetic gene coding for a single-chain fragment (ScFv) specific for the major timothy grass pollen allergen Phl p 2 was inserted into plasmid pCANTAB 5 E, and the recombinant ScFv was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by affinity chromatography. The ScFv was tested for allergen binding by ELISA, and its association and dissociation were measured by surface plasmon resonance (Biacore) technology. The ability of the ScFv to inhibit allergic patients' IgE binding to Phl p 2 and Phl p 2-induced basophil degranulation was studied by ELISA competition and basophil activation (CD203c) assays. We report the expression, purification, biochemical and immunological characterization of a monomeric single-chain fragment (ScFv) of human origin specific for the major timothy grass pollen allergen, Phl p 2. The Phl p 2-ScFv showed high affinity binding to the allergen and blocked the binding of allergic patients' polyclonal IgE to Phl p 2 up to 98%. Furthermore, it inhibited allergen-induced basophil activation. The Phl p 2-ScFv inhibited allergic patients' IgE binding to Phl p 2 as well as Phl p 2-induced basophil activation and might be useful for passive immunotherapy of grass pollen allergy.
RRP 3.0: 3 rd generation Robust Radar Processing based on Matrix Information Geometry (MIG) (2012)

We introduce extension of Ordered Statistic (OS) approach to define OS-HDR-CFAR (OS High Doppler Resolution CFAR) based on median barycenter computation of Toeplitz time covariance matrix, and OS-STAP (OS Space-Time Adaptive Processing) based on p-mean barycenter computation of Toeplitz-Block-Toeplitz space-time covariance matrix.
Making Pretense Visible and Graspable: An augmented reality approach to promote pretend play (2012)

Children with autism are often found to lack facility for pretend play. It is believed that this deficit is linked to linguistic, social and creativity competencies in autism. We observe that both Augmented Reality (AR) and pretend play involve processing of information that is coupled with real scenes while not necessarily being directly perceived. This research therefore examines the potential of using AR technologies to promote pretend play behaviors in children with autism. As an initial outcome, we present the design and implementation of an AR system that aims to enhance the comprehension and flexibility of object substitution during pretend play.
The Infinite Possible Growth Ambients that Support Single-Wall Carbon Nanotube Forest Growth (2013)

We report the virtually infinite possible carbon feedstocks which support the highly efficient growth of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) using on the water-assisted chemical vapor deposition method. Our results demonstrate that diverse varieties of carbon feedstocks, in the form of hydrocarbons, spanning saturated rings (e.g. trans-deca-hydronaphthalene), saturated chains (e.g. propane), unsaturated rings (e.g. dicyclopentadiene), and unsaturated chains (e.g. ethylene) could be used as a carbon feedstocks with SWCNT forests with heights exceeding 100 ums. Further, we found that all the resultant SWCNTs possessed similar average diameter indicating that the diameter was mainly determined by the catalyst rather than the carbon feedstock within this synthetic system. A demonstration of the generality was the synthesis of a carbon nanotube forest from a highly unorthodox combination of gases where trans-decahydronaphthalene acted as the carbon feedstock and benzaldehyde acted as the growth enhancer.
The effect of malaria control on Plasmodium falciparum in Africa between 2000 and 2015 (2015)

Since the year 2000, a concerted campaign against malaria has led to unprecedented levels of intervention coverage across sub-Saharan Africa. Understanding the effect of this control effort is vital to inform future control planning. However, the effect of malaria interventions across the varied epidemiological settings of Africa remains poorly understood owing to the absence of reliable surveillance data and the simplistic approaches underlying current disease estimates. Here we link a large database of malaria field surveys with detailed reconstructions of changing intervention coverage to directly evaluate trends from 2000 to 2015, and quantify the attributable effect of malaria disease control efforts. We found that Plasmodium falciparum infection prevalence in endemic Africa halved and the incidence of clinical disease fell by 40% between 2000 and 2015. We estimate that interventions have averted 663 (542-753 credible interval) million clinical cases since 2000. Insecticide-treated nets, the most widespread intervention, were by far the largest contributor (68% of cases averted). Although still below target levels, current malaria interventions have substantially reduced malaria disease incidence across the continent. Increasing access to these interventions, and maintaining their effectiveness in the face of insecticide and drug resistance, should form a cornerstone of post-2015 control strategies.
The influence of network density and material critical thickness on the ultimate toughness of polymers (1993)

The deformation and toughness of amorphous polymers is discussed in terms of their mol. network structure and morphol. Both neat and (nonadhering) core-shell-rubber modified thermoplastics and thermosets are analyzed. The thermoplastic model system consists of miscible blends of polystyrene (I) and poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene ether) in different vol. ratios (consequently with different entanglement densities). The thermosetting system is based on epoxides with various degrees of crosslink d. Toughness is mainly detd. by the max. macroscopic strain at break since the yield stress of all polymers is approx. const. (50-80 MPa). The theor. max. draw ratio can be derived from the max. (entanglement or crosslink) network deformation. Brittle polymers, like I, suffer from catastrophic localization of strain and macroscopically show a strain to break far below this theor. max. However, below a certain dimension of the microstructure, expressed by the crit. matrix ligament thickness between added nonadhering core-shell rubbery particles (holes), the max. network extension can be reached on a macroscopic level. The crit. thickness depends on the mol. structure: with increasing network d. the value of the crit. ligament thickness increases from 0.05 mm for I (high mol. wt. between entanglements: Me = 19.1 kg mole-1) via 0.18 mm for the I blends contg. 40 wt. I (Me = 6.7 kg mole-1) to 0.3 mm for an epoxide having a mol. wt. between crosslinks, Mc, of approx. 4.4 kg mole-1
Stimulation of lac Transcription by Guanosine 5′-Diphosphate 2′(or 3′)-Diphosphate and Transfer Ribonucleic Acid (1973)

Abstract In the presence of cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate, guanosine 5'-diphosphate 2'(or 3')-diphosphate (ppGpp) stimulates lac transcription by cell-free extracts of Escherichia coli. This effect of ppGpp is observed with an impure prepparation of RNA polymerase obtained by washing ribosomes with 0.5 m KCl but not with highly purified RNA polymerase. One of the factors required for ppGpp action has several of the properties of tRNA and can be replaced by E. coli tRNA.
Guest Exchange by a Partial Energy Ratchet in Water (2020)

Abstract Molecular machines are ubiquitous in nature and function away from equilibrium by consuming fuels to produce appropriate work. Chemists have recently excelled at mimicking the fantastic job performed by natural molecular machines with synthetic systems soluble in organic solvents. In efforts toward analogous systems working in water, we show that guest molecules can be exchanged in the synthetic macrocycle cucurbit[7]uril by involving kinetic traps, and in such a way as modulating energy wells and kinetic barriers using pH, light, and redox stimuli. Ditolyl‐viologen can also be exchanged using the best kinetic trap and interfaced with alginate, thus affording pH‐responsive blue, fluorescent hydrogels. With tunable rate and binding constants toward relevant guests, cucurbiturils may become excellent ring molecules for the construction of advanced molecular machines working in water.
High Frequency Impedance Analysis for Sensorless Starting of Wound Rotor Synchronous Machines (2017)

In sensorless control for synchronous machines at low speed and standstill, the position estimation can be sensitive to the choice of the carrier frequency of the injection method. Moreover, electromagnetic saturation or temperature variation in the machine might also affect the estimation error. In order to better describe the high-frequency (HF) behaviour of the machine, the effective HF inductances and resistances are presented in this paper. Then, the analytical expression for the carrier frequency dependent error is explained using the calculated HF-equivalent model and is proposed to be integrated into the sensorless control scheme when a rotating HF voltage injection is employed. Numerical simulations highlight the frequency dependent error and prove the satisfactory operation of the compensation.
Modeling of Photoinitiation of Thick Polymers Illuminated with Polychromatic Light (2004)

A number of investigators have recently reported theoretical descriptions of photoinitiation of thick systems illuminated with monochromatic light, and have found that the rate of photobleaching is non-uniform and resembles a wave front. For example, Terrones and Pearlstein presented a complete and accurate unsteady state model describing the initiator consumption and optical attenuation for free radical photopolymerizations in perfectly photobleaching systems illuminated with monochromatic light (the absorption of light is described using a single absorption coefficient). These authors demonstrated that for the case in which only the photoinitiator absorbs at the initiating wavelength, and becomes completely nonabsorbing upon photolysis (perfectly photobleaching) the resulting integro-differential equation could be solved analytically. Interestingly, Terrones and Pearlstein found that with increasing initial absorbance, the local initiation rate becomes increasingly nonuniform, and, for high initial absorbance, assumes the form of a localized wave that propagates through the sample. In further contributions, Terrones and Pearlstein investigated the effect of the photoinitiation rate profiles on the subsequent polymerization.
Epidermal growth factor-dependent cell cycle progression is altered in mammary epithelial cells that overexpress c-myc. (1998)

Amplification and overexpression of the c-myc gene are common in primary human breast cancers and have been correlated with highly proliferative tumors. Components of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor signaling pathway are also often overexpressed and/or activated in human breast tumors, and transgenic mouse models have demonstrated that c-myc and transforming growth factor alpha (a member of the EGF family) strongly synergize to induce mammary tumors. These bitransgenic mammary tumors exhibit a higher proliferation rate than do tumors arising in single transgenics. We, therefore, chose to investigate EGF-dependent cell cycle progression in mouse and human mammary epithelial cells with constitutive c-myc expression. In both species, c-myc overexpression decreased the doubling time of mammary epithelial cells by approximately 6 h, compared to parental lines. The faster growth rate was not due to increased sensitivity to EGF but rather to a shortening of the G1 phase of the cell cycle following EGF-induced proliferation. In cells with exogenous c-myc expression, retinoblastoma (Rb) was constitutively hyperphosphorylated, regardless of whether the cells were growth-arrested by EGF withdrawal or were traversing the cell cycle following EGF stimulation. In contrast, the parental cells exhibited a typical Rb phosphorylation shift during G1 progression in response to EGF. The abnormal phosphorylation status of Rb in c-myc-overexpressing cells was associated with premature activation of cdk2 kinase activity, reduced p27 expression, and early onset of cyclin E expression. These results provide one explanation for the strong tumorigenic synergism between deregulated c-myc expression and EGF receptor signal transduction in the mammary tissue of transgenic mice. In addition, they suggest a possible tumorigenic mechanism for c-myc deregulation in human breast cancer.
439: Evaluating the Evidence: Statistical Analysis in Randomized Controlled Trials in the Urology Literature (2007)

You have accessJournal of UrologyPodium 14, Sunday, May 20, 2007, 1:00 - 3:00 pm1 Apr 2007439: Evaluating the Evidence: Statistical Analysis in Randomized Controlled Trials in the Urology Literature Charles D. Scales, Regina D. Norris, Johannes W. Vieweg, Glenn M. Preminger, Bercedis L. Peterson, and Philipp Dahm Charles D. ScalesCharles D. Scales More articles by this author , Regina D. NorrisRegina D. Norris More articles by this author , Johannes W. ViewegJohannes W. Vieweg More articles by this author , Glenn M. PremingerGlenn M. Preminger More articles by this author , Bercedis L. PetersonBercedis L. Peterson More articles by this author , and Philipp DahmPhilipp Dahm More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(18)30692-XAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "439: Evaluating the Evidence: Statistical Analysis in Randomized Controlled Trials in the Urology Literature." The Journal of Urology, 177(4S), p. 147 © 2016 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 177Issue 4SApril 2007Page: 147 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Charles D. Scales More articles by this author Regina D. Norris More articles by this author Johannes W. Vieweg More articles by this author Glenn M. Preminger More articles by this author Bercedis L. Peterson More articles by this author Philipp Dahm More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
The Design of Selectively-activated Anti-cancer Prodrugs for use in Antibody-directed and Gene-directed Enzyme-Prodrug Therapies (1998)

Systemic anti-proliferative agents (cytotoxins) have been the most successful single design concept for anti-cancer drugs. However, they have inherent limitations (they target dividing cells rather than cancer cells) which limit their clinical efficacy, especially toward the more slowly-growing solid tumours. New concepts are required to improve the selectivity of their killing of tumour cells. One possibility is the use of prodrugs which can be activated selectively in tumour tissue. Several potential mechanisms for this are being explored, including tumour hypoxia, low extracellular pH, therapeutic radiation and tumour-specific endogenous or exogenous enzymes. In the last approach the exogenous enzyme can be delivered by attachment to monoclonal antibodies (ADEPT) or as DNA constructs containing the corresponding gene (GDEPT). A limitation of both approaches is that only a small proportion of the tumour cells become activation-competent, but this can be substantially overcome by the design of appropriate prodrugs capable of killing activation-incompetent cells via a bystander effect. We have proposed a modular approach to prodrug design in which a trigger unit determines tumour selectivity and an effector unit achieves the desired level of killing of cells when the trigger is activated. For ADEPT and GDEPT prodrugs the primary requirement of the trigger is efficient and selective activation by the appropriate enzyme; the released effector must be a potent, diffusible cytotoxin which fully exploits the small proportion of cells capable of activating the prodrug. A wide variety of chemistries has been used, but many of the existing effectors do not have all of these properties. We report work on two types of cytotoxin derived from very potent anti-tumour antibiotics (enediynes and amino-seco-cyclopropylindolines) as effectors in prodrugs for ADEPT and GDEPT applications.
Survey of Literature (2006)

Melanotan‐II: Investigation of the inducer and facilitator effects on penile erection in anesthetized rat. F Giuliano, P Clément, S Droupy, L Alexandre, J Bernabé. Neuroscience 2006;138: 293–301.
Optical properties of the crumpled pattern of selectively layered MoS2 (2018)

Crumple-structured two-dimensional MoS<sub>2</sub> was evaluated as an essential element for future optoelectronic and stretchable devices owing to its interesting optical properties. This Letter reports the characteristics of the crumpled structure of MoS<sub>2</sub> directly layered on a MoS<sub>2</sub> sheet by chemical vapor deposition. The crumpling structure is presented as a method for selectively layering MoS<sub>2</sub> with crumpled layered patterning and tunable optical properties as a crumpled structure on a single substrate. Optical analysis by the fast Fourier transform revealed the distribution characteristics of the crumple structure, and a Raman, photoluminescence, and optical absorption analysis confirmed the change in peak shift and intensity according to the degree of the crumpled structure. This material has potential future optoelectronic applications.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF DIALKYL COMPLEXES OF NICKEL(II). THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF BIS(PYRIDINE)BIS(TRIMETHYLSILYLMETHYL)NICKEL(II) (1981)

Abstract Der Ni‐Komplex (I) reagiert mit einer Grignardverbindung in Gegenwart eines Pyridin‐Überschusses zu dem Dialkylderivat (II), das in der Raumgruppe P4, 2, 2 mit Z=4 kristallisiert.
Are Artificial Neural Networks White Boxes? (2005)

In this paper, we introduce a novel Mamdani-type fuzzy model, referred to as the all-permutations fuzzy rule base (APFRB), and show that it is mathematically equivalent to a standard feedforward neural network. We describe several applications of this equivalence between a neural network and our fuzzy rule base (FRB), including knowledge extraction from and knowledge insertion into neural networks.
31st Annual Meeting and Associated Programs of the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC 2016): part one (2016)

Here we describe a novel method utilizing phylogenetic and sequencing analysis to visualize and quantify TCR repertoire diversity. To demonstrate the utility of the approach, we have applied it to understanding the shaping of the CD8 T Cell response to self (Kb-TRP2) and foreign (Kb-SIY) antigens in nave and tumor bearing B6 mice. Additionally, this method was applied to tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL's) from patients undergoing Nivolumab (anti-PD-1) therapy in a clinical trial for metastatic melanoma to understand TCR repertoire characteristics between responders and non-responders.
Slow Binding Inhibition and Mechanism of Resistance of Non-nucleoside Polymerase Inhibitors of Hepatitis C Virus (2009)

The binding affinity of four palm and thumb site representative non-nucleoside inhibitors (NNIs) of HCV polymerase NS5B to wild-type and resistant NS5B polymerase proteins was determined, and the influence of RNA binding on NNI binding affinity was investigated. NNIs with high binding affinity potently inhibited HCV RNA polymerase activity and replicon replication. Among the compounds tested, HCV-796 showed slow binding kinetics to NS5B. The binding affinity of HCV-796 to NS5B increased 27-fold over a 3-h incubation period with an equilibrium Kd of 71 +/- 2 nm. Slow binding kinetics of HCV-796 was driven by slow dissociation from NS5B with a k(off) of 4.9 +/- 0.5 x 10(-4) s(-1). NS5B bound a long, 378-nucleotide HCV RNA oligonucleotide with high affinity (Kd = 6.9 +/- 0.3 nm), whereas the binding affinity was significantly lower for a short, 21-nucleotide RNA (Kd = 155.1 +/- 16.2 nm). The formation of the NS5B-HCV RNA complex did not affect the slow binding kinetics profile and only slightly reduced NS5B binding affinity of HCV-796. The magnitude of reduction of NNI binding affinity for the NS5B proteins with various resistance mutations in the palm and thumb binding sites correlated well with resistance -fold shifts in NS5B polymerase activity and replicon assays. Co-crystal structures of NS5B-Con1 and NS5B-BK with HCV-796 revealed a deep hydrophobic binding pocket at the palm region of NS5B. HCV-796 interaction with the induced binding pocket on NS5B is consistent with slow binding kinetics and loss of binding affinity with mutations at amino acid position 316.
Closed Incision Management With Negative Pressure Wound Therapy (CIM) (2011)

A novel closed incision management with negative pressure wound therapy (CIM) has been developed for convenient use with closed incisions that has the potential to be beneficial for patients at risk for postoperative complications. Incisions are typically under lateral tension. This study explored the biomechanical mechanisms by which integrity of the incisional closure is enhanced by CIM. CIM was hypothesized to affect local stresses around closed incisions in a beneficial manner. Finite element analyses (FEA) indicated that application of CIM decreased the lateral stresses ~50% around the incision and changed the direction of the stresses to a distribution that is typical of intact tissue. Bench evaluations corroborated findings that CIM significantly increased the force required to disrupt the closed incision by ~50% as compared with closure alone. In conclusion, using 2 FEAs and bench modeling, CIM was shown to reduce and normalize tissue stresses and bolster appositional forces at the incision.
Dynamical Study of Adsorbate-Induced Restructuring Kinetics in Bimetallic Catalysts Using the PdAu(111) Model System (2022)

Dynamic restructuring of bimetallic catalysts plays a crucial role in their catalytic activity and selectivity. In particular, catalyst pretreatment with species such as carbon monoxide and oxygen has been shown to be an effective strategy for tuning the surface composition and morphology. Mechanistic and kinetic understanding of such restructuring is fundamental to the chemistry and engineering of surface active sites but has remained challenging due to the large structural, chemical, and temporal degrees of freedom. Here, we combine time-resolved temperature-programmed infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy, <i>ab initio</i> thermodynamics, and machine-learning molecular dynamics to uncover previously unidentified timescale and kinetic parameters of <i>in situ</i> restructuring in Pd/Au(111), a highly relevant model system for dilute Pd-in-Au nanoparticle catalysts. The key innovation lies in utilizing CO not only as a chemically sensitive probe of surface Pd but also as an agent that induces restructuring of the surface. Upon annealing in vacuum, as-deposited Pd islands became encapsulated by Au and partially dissolved into the subsurface, leaving behind isolated Pd monomers on the surface. Subsequent exposure to 0.1 mbar CO enabled Pd monomers to repopulate the surface up to 373 K, above which complete Pd dissolution occurred by 473 K, with apparent activation energies of 0.14 and 0.48 eV, respectively. These restructuring processes occurred over the span of ∼1000 s at a given temperature. Such a minute-timescale dynamics not only elucidates the fluxional nature of alloy catalysts but also presents an opportunity to fine-tune the surface under moderate temperature and pressure conditions.