gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Improved Methodology for Gridding Fractured Reservoirs for Simulation (2021)

Abstract A significant amount of research for gridding of complex reservoirs, including models with fractures, has focused on use of unstructured grids. While models with unstructured grids can be extremely flexible, they can also be expensive, both in configuring, computationally, and visual display. Even with this focus on unstructured grids, most reservoir simulation models are still built on structured grids. Current methods for creating reservoir simulation models with structured grids often involve defining a base grid upfront and then "somehow" inserting one or more Features of Interest (FOI's) into the model. Applied to fractured horizontal wells with many stages it can be extremely difficult to accurately align wells and completions within a pre-existing simulation grid. This work describes and demonstrates a methodology to resolve such issues. This approach changes the order of model design and creation steps. This paper describes the process where FOI's are identified, a base grid is designed around the FOI's, then local grid refinements (LGR's) are defined as desired. Applied to a horizontal well with fractures, the well and completion locations are defined before the detailed grid definition is created. This process is illustrated for generalized FOI's, and then applied to fractured horizontal wells. Formulas for creation of models for wells with evenly space homogeneous completions are presented. Numerical testing and analyses are presented that show the impact of the gridding parameters and various design parameters on performance of reservoir simulations.
Machine Learning and Imaging Informatics in Oncology (2018)

In the era of personalized and precision medicine, informatics technologies utilizing machine learning (ML) and quantitative imaging are witnessing a rapidly increasing role in medicine in general and in oncology in particular. This expanding role ranges from computer-aided diagnosis to decision support of treatments with the potential to transform the current landscape of cancer management. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of ML methodologies and imaging informatics techniques and their recent application in modern oncology. We will review example applications of ML in oncology from the literature, identify current challenges and highlight future potentials.
Decatromicins A and B, New Antibiotics Produced by Actinomadura sp. MK73-NF4. II. Structure Determination. (1999)

The structures of decatromicins A and B that strongly inhibit the growth of MRSA were elucidated by the analysis of various NMR experiments. The planar structure was determined by 1H, 13C, COSY, HMQC and HMBC NMR spectra. The relative configuration of aglycone was elucidated by NOESY experiments and the absolute structure was determined by application of the modified Mosher's method. The absolute structure of glycosyl moiety was determined by X-ray analysis of the O-(p-bromobenzoyl) derivative.
Abstract 234: Residual Leaflet Length as a Predictor of Tricuspid Regurgitation: An in vitro Study (2009)

Background: Severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality and reduced durability of mitral valve (MV) repairs. Current treatments offer less than optimal ...
Comprehensive Phytochemical Analysis of Various Solvent Extracts of Artemisia judaica and Their Potential Anticancer and Antimicrobial Activities (2022)

Solvents play an important role in the extraction process by considerably affecting the amount and nature of secondary metabolites of medicinal plants. Thus, the effect of solvents must be investigated to obtain desired biological properties of plant extracts. In the current study, we extracted aerial parts of <i>Artemisia judaica,</i> native to Saudi Arabia, in three different solvents, including methanol (MeOH), hexane (Hex), and chloroform (Chl). Obtained extracts from the aerial parts of <i>A. judaica</i> were analysed by GC-MS and GC-FID techniques, which resulted in the identification of 46, 18, and 17 phytoconstituents from the Hex, Chl, and MeOH extracts, respectively. All the extracts contain oxygenated terpenes, aliphatic hydrocarbons, and aromatics as major classes of compounds in varying amounts. Among the various phytoconstituents identified, piperitone was the dominant compound and was found in all the extracts in different amounts, specifically, 28.8, 26.1, and 20.1% in the Chl, MeOH, and Hex extracts, respectively. Moreover, all these extracts (Chl, MeOH, and Hex) were tested for the antimicrobial properties on both Gram-positive and negative bacteria as well as for their anticancer properties on four different cell lines including HepG2, DU145, Hela, and A549. Among the different extracts, the Hex and Chl extracts demonstrated identical antimicrobial properties, while the Chl extract showed superior anticancer properties when compare to the other extracts. The higher biological properties of Chl extracts including both antimicrobial and anticancer activities may be attributed to the presence of large amounts of piperitone and/or santonin, which are distinctly present in excess amounts in the Chl extract.
Suspended waveguldes for InP optical MEMS (2004)

In this paper, the design, fabrication, and testing of a monolithically fabricated suspended waveguide for use in InP waveguide MEMS was presented. All layers are grown using Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) and are lattice matched to the InP substrate wafer. The single-mask process was used to fabricate complex and intricate optical MEMS structures in the material system. A Newport AutoAlign optical setup consisting of two movable conical-tipped fibers and a stationary waveguide stage was used to test the fabricated waveguides using relative power measurements.
Kontrollierte Freisetzung von verkapselten flüchtigen bioaktiven Verbindungen durch Brechen der Kapselwand als Folge einer lichtinduzierten Gasbildung (2015)

Abstract Die Verkapselung lichtempfindlicher 2‐Oxoacetate in Mikrokapseln mit Kern‐Schale‐Struktur ermöglicht eine lichtinduzierte, kontrollierte Freisetzung biologisch aktiver Substanzen. Durch Bestrahlung mit UVA‐Licht zersetzen sich die verkapselten Oxoacetate und bilden einen Gasüberdruck im Inneren der Kapseln, der die Kapselwand ausdehnt oder zum Bersten bringt. Headspace‐Messungen bestätigten die lichtgesteuerte Bildung von CO und CO 2 sowie die erfolgreiche Freisetzung der biologisch aktiven Substanz. Mittels optischer Mikroskopie konnten die Bildung von Gasblasen, das Aufbrechen der Kapselwand sowie das Austreten der verkapselten Ölphase beobachtet werden. Die Effizienz des Freisetzungssystems beruht auf der Struktur und der Menge des im Verhältnis zur Wandstärke verwendeten 2‐Oxoacetats und auf der Intensität des einstrahlenden UVA‐Lichtes.
Kagome-fiber-based pulse compression of mid-infrared picosecond pulses from a Ho:YLF amplifier (2016)

Over the last decade, the development of ultrafast laser pulses in the mid-infrared (MIR) region has led to important breakthroughs in attosecond science and strong-field physics.However, as most such broadband MIR laser sources are near-IR pumped, the generation of high-intensity, long-wavelength MIR pulses is still a challenge, especially starting from picosecond pulses.Here we report, both experimentally and numerically, nonlinear pulse compression of sub-millijoule picosecond pulses down to sub-300 fs at 2050 nm wavelength in gas-filled Kagome-type hollow-core photonic crystal fibers for driving MIR optical parametric amplifiers.The pump laser is comprised of a compact fiber laser-seeded 2 μm chirped pulse amplification system based on a Ho:YLF crystal at 1 kHz repetition rate.Spectral broadening is studied for different experimental conditions with variations of gas pressure and incident pulse energies.The spectrally broadened 1.8 ps pulses with a Fourier-limited duration of 250 fs are compressed using an external prism-based compressor down to 285 fs and output energy of 125 μJ.
Additional patient with del(12)(q21.2q22): Further evidence for a candidate region for cardio‐facio‐cutaneous syndrome? (2002)

Cardio-facio-cutaneous (CFC) syndrome is characterized by a distinct facial appearance, cardiac defects, ectodermal anomalies and developmental delay. Recently, we reported a 19-month-old girl with phenotypic manifestations consistent with the CFC syndrome who had an interstitial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 12, del(12)(q21.2q22), implicating a possible locus for CFC syndrome. Here, we report an additional patient with a cytogenetically identical interstitial deletion: 47,XYY,del(12)(q21.2q22). To further characterize this deletion we used microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH). Array CGH confirmed both the deletion and the second Y chromosome. The deletion on chromosome 12q spanned at least 14 Mb as indicated by the positions on the genome sequence of the 4 BAC clones included in the deletion. While the proband did not have the classic features of CFC, he had some dysmorphic craniofacial characteristics, ectodermal anomalies and moderate developmental delay which were suggestive of CFC syndrome; however, this patient did not have classical CFC. The phenotypic differences between the two del(12)(q21.2q22) patients may be due to variability in the expression of the syndrome, or this deletion may present as a syndrome with overlapping features. Alternatively, the phenotypic differences may result from discordance at the molecular level, which may yield a critical minimal region of deletion for CFC. The region 12q21.2 --> q22 remains a possible candidate region for CFC syndrome. Additional characterization of these and other CFC patients may confirm and further refine this candidate region.
Architecting social TV (2013)

Video consumption patterns continue to change with consumers relying more and more on on-demand Internet video and portable devices rather than traditional TV services. This new form of video service delivery and consumption makes possible more interactive and social experiences for video consumers, commonly referred to as Social TV services. This paper presents an overview of technologies and guidelines for the development of Social TV applications. A prototype using three core technologies, WebRTC, DASH, and WebSocket was developed to understand the challenges and demonstrate the feasibility of such applications.
ChemInform Abstract: New Cyclopropyl Building Blocks for Organic Synthesis. Part 16. Azapenams: An Efficient Approach to a Novel Class of β‐Lactams. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A bulk silicon microelectromechanical system for scanning thermal profilometry. (1994)

The thermal profiler is a scanning probe microscope with a miniature thermocouple (TC) at its tip. It interacts with the sample by sensing heat conducted across a small air gap, and can provide high resolution topographic and thermographic information. This report describes the development of a silicon micromachined thermal profiler (SMTP). A 300$\mu$m long probe is suspended by flexible beams and can be longitudinally actuated by electrostatic comb drives. A polysilicon-gold TC is located near its overhanging tip and a resistive heater near its base. In advanced designs the probe supports a dielectric diaphragm to thermally isolate the TC. The TC may be replaced by a thermopile for a larger output signal. The theoretical temperature resolution at the tip is limited by noise to about 1mK in a 100Hz bandwidth. The lateral and vertical spatial resolution are limited by tip geometry and operating conditions; for a 1$\mu$m wide tip and a 100nm long air gap, they are about 1$\mu$m and 3nm respectively. The devices are micromachined from silicon and attached to a glass substrate by an IC-compatible process that has general applicability beyond the SMTP. It requires 3 masks to fabricate the micromechanical frame and an additional 5 to integrate the heater and the TC. Overhanging probes and dielectric diaphragms require no extra masks. Features may have high aspect ratios, with thickness $>$10$\mu$m and width $\approx$1$\mu$m. A simple extension of the process permits the fabrication of multi-level stacked structures. The structural materials are characterized using a passive strain sensor based on the deflection of laterally bent bridges. SMTPs with various types of frames and probes have been fabricated and tested. The frames have lateral mode fundamental resonant frequencies ranging from about 10KHz to 100KHz. The maximum thermoelectric signal available from a 7-TC thermopile probe is measured at 824mV/W of input power to the on-board heater. In accordance with theory, the TC signal reduces quadratically as the separation from the sample is increased. Dithered and non-dithered scans are presented to demonstrate the functionality of fabricated SMTP devices.
Oral tolerance (2011)

The gut-associated lymphoid tissue is the largest immune organ in the body and is the primary route by which we are exposed to antigens. Tolerance induction is the default immune pathway in the gut, and the type of tolerance induced relates to the dose of antigen fed: anergy/deletion (high dose) or regulatory T-cell (Treg) induction (low dose). Conditioning of gut dendritic cells (DCs) by gut epithelial cells and the gut flora, which itself has a major influence on gut immunity, induces CD103(+) retinoic acid-dependent DC that induces Tregs. A number of Tregs are induced at mucosal surfaces. Th3 type Tregs are transforming growth factor-β dependent and express latency-associated peptide (LAP) on their surface and were discovered in the context of oral tolerance. Tr1 type Tregs (interleukin-10 dependent) are induced by nasal antigen and forkhead box protein 3(+) iTregs are induced by oral antigen and by oral administration of aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands. Oral or nasal antigen ameliorates autoimmune and inflammatory diseases in animal models by inducing Tregs. Furthermore, anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody is active at mucosal surfaces and oral or nasal anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody induces LAP(+) Tregs that suppresses animal models (experimental autoimmune encephalitis, type 1 and type 2 diabetes, lupus, arthritis, atherosclerosis) and is being tested in humans. Although there is a large literature on treatment of animal models by mucosal tolerance and some positive results in humans, this approach has yet to be translated to the clinic. The successful translation will require defining responsive patient populations, validating biomarkers to measure immunologic effects, and using combination therapy and immune adjuvants to enhance Treg induction. A major avenue being investigated for the treatment of autoimmunity is the induction of Tregs and mucosal tolerance represents a non-toxic, physiologic approach to reach this goal.
A 100-kHz-22-GHz instrumentation photoreceiver (2003)

A photoreceiver consisting of a high-speed p-i-n photodetector and a 100-kHz to 22-GHz distributed amplifier is described. Photoreceiver calibration is accomplished by optical heterodyne techniques. The photoreceiver is used with a microwave spectrum analyzer to produce a fully amplitude-calibrated 22-GHz-bandwidth lightwave signal analyzer system for displaying intensity-modulated light with -65-dB (optical) sensitivity at 1300-nm and 1550-nm wavelengths.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Stimulation of alpha-1 adrenoceptors may intensify cutaneous inflammation in complex regional pain syndrome (2022)

Alpha-1 adrenoceptors are overexpressed in the epidermis of a subgroup of patients with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). Activating α 1 -adrenoceptors in epidermal cells increases production of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6), a mediator of inflammation. To investigate whether this might exacerbate inflammation in CRPS, primary keratinocytes or dermal fibroblasts were cultured from skin biopsies obtained from the affected limb of 25 patients and a similar site in 28 controls. The fundamental proinflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor alpha, was administered for 24 hours to initiate inflammation. After this, cells were incubated for 6 hours with the α 1 -adrenoceptor agonist phenylephrine. Exposure to tumor necrosis factor alpha induced proinflammatory cytokine mRNA production and protein secretion in keratinocytes and fibroblasts and enhanced α 1B -adrenoceptor mRNA expression in keratinocytes. Additional stimulation of α 1 adrenoceptors with phenylephrine increased the production of IL-6 mRNA and protein secretion in both cell types. Under all conditions, gene and protein α 1 -adrenoceptor levels and cytokine gene expression and protein secretion were similar, overall, in patients and controls, except for abnormally high α 1 -adrenoceptor protein levels in the keratinocytes of 3 of 17 patients. These findings suggest that persistent inflammation in CRPS is not due to dysfunction of skin cells but is a normal response to extrinsic signals. After α 1 -adrenoceptor stimulation of keratinocytes, increases in IL-6 mRNA but not protein were proportional to basal α 1 -adrenoceptor protein levels. Skin cells play an important role in persistent inflammation in CRPS. Potentially, a positive feedback loop between α 1 -adrenoceptors and IL-6 production in skin cells contributes to this inflammatory state.
Microbial pathogen genomes ? new strategies for identifying therapeutic and vaccine targets (2003)

Efficient mining of genomic sequence information from multiple pathogens for therapeutic and vaccine targets requires efficient tools. Fortunately, robust methods applicable to whole genomes have been developed and applied in the past few years to identify genes essential for growth or virulence and to detect potential vaccine targets. Successful approaches to identify potential therapeutic targets include a variety of ingenious uses of nearly random transposon insertions, more directed methods such as antisense and insertion–duplication mutagenesis, and expression profiling facilitated by microarrays. Vaccine targets have been identified by gene fusion and expression experiments to discover gene products that are immunogenic in humans or animal models. All genome-wide methods require focused secondary assays to validate the findings, but these genomic methods excel at reducing to a manageable number the genes to be examined further. This editorial reviews the latest developments in genome-wide target identification tools.
Chiroptical Transcription of Helical Information through Supramolecular Harmonization with Dynamic Helices (2003)

With biologically important "peptide bundling" as the motif, new chromophoric cyclic host 1 was designed, which consists of two zinc porphyrin units that are connected by dynamic peptide helices of nonameric aminoisobutyric acid (Aib) units. Upon inclusion of pyridine-anchored helical peptides between the zinc porphyrin units, 1 displayed an intense exciton-coupled circular dichroism (CD) band at 410-450 nm, whose sign reflected the helical sense of the guest peptides. Studies with conformationally defined dehydrophenylalanine-containing analogues indicated that the dynamic helical chains in the host are stereochemically harmonized with right- or left-handed helices of the guest peptides in a confined nano space, leading to either clockwise- or anticlockwise-twisted geometry (chiroptical output) of the connecting zinc porphyrin chromophores.
The string sign for diagnosis of mucinous pancreatic cysts (2015)

<b>Background and study aims:</b> Pancreas cyst fluid analysis does not provide optimal discrimination between mucinous and nonmucinous cysts. The aim of this study was to assess the performance characteristics of the “string sign” – a test performed at the time of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA), for the diagnosis of mucinous pancreatic cysts (branch duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms [bIPMN] and mucinous cystic neoplasms). <b>Patients and methods:</b> Patients undergoing EUS-FNA of pancreatic cystic lesions at one referral center between 2003 and 2012 were included. The string sign was performed prospectively, and was considered positive if ≥ 1 cm string formed in cyst fluid and lasted for ≥ 1 second. Performance characteristics of the string sign and a sequential cyst fluid test interpretation model were assessed. <b>Results:</b> For 98 histologically proven cases, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the string sign for diagnosis of mucinous cysts were 58 % (95 % confidence interval [CI] 44 % – 70 %), 95 % (83 % – 99 %), 94 % (81 % – 99 %), and 60 % (46 % – 72 %), respectively. When string sign results and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) concentration (≥ 200 ng/mL) were combined, diagnostic accuracy improved from 74 % and 83 %, respectively, to 89 % (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.03). Among bIPMN, a positive string sign was associated with gastric and intestinal epithelial subtypes. The sequential cyst fluid test interpretation model (including cytology, mucin stain, CEA, and string sign) yielded an overall sensitivity for mucinous lesions of 96 %, with a specificity of 90 %. <b>Conclusions:</b> The string sign is highly specific for diagnosis of mucinous pancreatic cysts, and improves overall diagnostic accuracy of pancreatic cyst fluid analysis. Sequential cyst fluid test interpretation yields high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for mucinous cysts.
Design of Robust Detection System for Printable Chipless RFID Tag Alphabet Letters (2019)

This work presents a novel chipless radio frequency identification (RFID) tag design method for Latin alphabets. Unlike the traditional complicated geometry tags, this new method uses a compact printable alphabet letters which additionally offers the advantage of efficient real time recognition of the transmitted data visually along with radio frequency (RF) waves. In this study, alphabet letters (a, b and c) are realized using copper etching on thin dielectric substrate (TLX-8) backed by a ground plane. The original signature of the radar cross section (RCS) frequency response reflected by letter, displays dips corresponding to the presence of individual letters. The tag has been simulated, fabricated and measured in a mono-static radar system using Vivaldi dual polarized antenna in frequency band ranging from 6 to 13 GHz. A robust detection has been reached with very good agreement between the experimental and simulated results in both co- and cross-polarizations.
Annual Incidence of Lassa Virus Infection in Southern Mali (2017)

AbstractPreviously, we reported a high seroprevalence rate of Lassa virus antibodies in inhabitants of three villages in southern Mali where infected rodents have been demonstrated. Herein, we report a 1-year follow-up study in which we were able to collect a second blood samples from 88.7% of participants of the same cohort. We identified 23 seroconversions for IgG antibodies reactive against Lassa virus, representing an incidence of 6.3% (95% confidence interval = 3.8-8.8%). Seroconversion was frequently seen in preteenage children (12/23, 51.7%) and two household/familial clusters were identified. These results confirm active transmission of Lassa virus is occurring in southern Mali and appropriate diagnostic testing should be established for this etiological agent of severe viral hemorrhagic fever.