gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photometric recording of transmembrane potential in outer hair cells (2006)

Cochlear outer hair cells (OHCs) are polarized epithelial cells that have mechanoelectrical transduction channels within their apical stereocilia and produce electromotile force along their lateral wall. Phase shifts, or time delays, in the transmembrane voltage occurring at different axial locations along the cell may contribute to our understanding of how these cells operate at auditory frequencies. We developed a method to optically measure the phase of the OHC transmembrane potential using the voltage-sensitive dye (VSD) di-8-ANEPPS. The exit aperture of a fibre-optic light source was driven in two dimensions so that a 24 microm spot of excitation light could be positioned along the length of the OHC. We used the whole-cell patch-clamp technique in the current-clamp mode to stimulate the OHC at the base. The photometric response and the voltage response were monitored with a photodetector and patch-clamp amplifier, respectively. The photometric response was used to measure the regional changes in the membrane potential in response to maintained (dc) and sinusoidal (ac) current stimuli applied at the base of the cell. We used a neutral density filter to lower the excitation light intensity and reduce phototoxicity. A sensitive detector and lock-in amplifier were used to measure the small ac VSD signal. This permitted measurements of the ac photometric response below the noise floor of the static fluorescence. The amplitude and phase components of the photometric response were recorded for stimuli up to 800 Hz. VSD data at 400-800 Hz show the presence of a small phase delay between the stimulus voltage at the base of the cell and the local membrane potential measured along the lateral wall. Results are consistent with the hypothesis that OHCs exhibit inhomogeneous membrane potentials that vary with position in analogy with the voltage in nerve axons.
Three‐dimensional imaging of whole mouse models: comparing nondestructive X‐ray phase‐contrast micro‐CT with cryotome‐based planar epi‐illumination imaging (2013)

In this study, we compare two evolving techniques for obtaining high-resolution 3D anatomical data of a mouse specimen. On the one hand, we investigate cryotome-based planar epi-illumination imaging (cryo-imaging). On the other hand, we examine X-ray phase-contrast micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) using synchrotron radiation. Cryo-imaging is a technique in which an electron multiplying charge coupled camera takes images of a cryo-frozen specimen during the sectioning process. Subsequent image alignment and virtual stacking result in volumetric data. X-ray phase-contrast imaging is based on the minute refraction of X-rays inside the specimen and features higher soft-tissue contrast than conventional, attenuation-based micro-CT. To explore the potential of both techniques for studying whole mouse disease models, one mouse specimen was imaged using both techniques. Obtained data are compared visually and quantitatively, specifically with regard to the visibility of fine anatomical details. Internal structure of the mouse specimen is visible in great detail with both techniques and the study shows in particular that soft-tissue contrast is strongly enhanced in the X-ray phase images compared to the attenuation-based images. This identifies phase-contrast micro-CT as a powerful tool for the study of small animal disease models.
Physiologie des animaux. 2. Construction de l'organisme, homéostasie et fonctions de relations (1998)

Ce manuel aborde les fonctions physiologiques de l'ensemble des groupes animaux, y compris les invertébrés, en restituant, dans chaque cas, les organismes animaux par rapport aux contraintes physicochimiques du milieu. Ensuite, les principales adaptations physiologiques sont étudiées et associées aux adaptations anatomiques correspondantes en soulignant les aspects de convergence et de divergence entre les principales lignées évolutives. Ce tome est consacré aux fonctions de reproduction et de développement, puis aux fonctions de relations entre l'organisme et le milieu, et, en dernier lieu, au maintien de l'intégrité de l'organisme
Transformation of modal power distribution in multimode fiber with abrupt inhomogeneities (2008)

A transformation operator is constructed for the calculation of the modal power distribution changes caused by abrupt inhomogeneity in multimode fibers. Simplification and practical applicability of the analysis are achieved by using the mode-continuum approximation. Thus, the model enables taking into account the fiber inhomogeneities of the following types: fiber lateral offset, core diameter mismatch, numerical aperture difference, and joints of fibers with different index profiles. The admission of an arbitrary refractive index profile, input modal power distribution, and parameters of fiber mismatch is an advantageous feature of the model. The operator is applied to calculations of power loss at joints between different multimode fibers, and the results of the calculations are shown to be in a good agreement with experimental data.
High-Temperature Galling Characteristics of TI-6AL-4V with and without Surface Treatments (2010)

Galling is a severe form of surface damage in metals and alloys that typically arises under relatively high normal force and low sliding speed and in the absence of effective lubrication. It can lead to macroscopic surface roughening and seizure. The occurrence of galling can be especially problematic in high-temperature applications like diesel engine exhaust gas recirculation system components and adjustable turbocharger vanes, because suitable lubricants may not be available, moisture desorption promotes increased adhesion, and the yield strength of metals decreases with temperature. Oxidation can counteract these effects to some extent by forming lubricative oxide films. Two methods to improve the galling resistance of titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V were investigated: (a) applying an oxygen diffusion treatment and (b) creating a metal–matrix composite with TiB2 using a high-intensity infrared heating source. A new oscillating three-pin-on-flat, high-temperature test method was developed and used to characterize galling behavior relative to a cobalt-based alloy (Stellite 6B, HP Alloys, Windfall, IN). The magnitude of the oscillating torque, the surface roughness, and observations of surface damage were used as measures of galling resistance. Due to the formation of lubricative oxide films, the galling resistance of the Ti alloy at 485°C, even nontreated, was considerably better than it was at room temperature. The infrared (IR)-formed composite displayed reduced surface damage and lower torque than the substrate titanium alloy.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Aziridination and Epoxidation of Alkenes Using Modified Microporous and Mesoporous Materials. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
PADAr: physician-oriented artificial intelligence-facilitating diagnosis aid for retinal diseases (2022)

<b>Purpose:</b> Retinopathy screening via digital imaging is promising for early detection and timely treatment, and tracking retinopathic abnormality over time can help to reveal the risk of disease progression. We developed an innovative physician-oriented artificial intelligence-facilitating diagnosis aid system for retinal diseases for screening multiple retinopathies and monitoring the regions of potential abnormality over time. <b>Approach:</b> Our dataset contains 4908 fundus images from 304 eyes with image-level annotations, including diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, cellophane maculopathy, pathological myopia, and healthy control (HC). The screening model utilized a VGG-based feature extractor and multiple-binary convolutional neural network-based classifiers. Images in time series were aligned via affine transforms estimated through speeded-up robust features. Heatmaps of retinopathy were generated from the feature extractor using gradient-weighted class activation mapping++, and individual candidate retinopathy sites were identified from the heatmaps using clustering algorithm. Nested cross-validation with a train-to-test split of 80% to 20% was used to evaluate the performance of the screening model. <b>Results:</b> Our screening model achieved 99% accuracy, 93% sensitivity, and 97% specificity in discriminating between patients with retinopathy and HCs. For discriminating between types of retinopathy, our model achieved an averaged performance of 80% accuracy, 78% sensitivity, 94% specificity, 79% <i>F</i>1-score, and Cohen's kappa coefficient of 0.70. Moreover, visualization results were also shown to provide reasonable candidate sites of retinopathy. <b>Conclusions:</b> Our results demonstrated the capability of the proposed model for extracting diagnostic information of the abnormality and lesion locations, which allows clinicians to focus on patient-centered treatment and untangles the pathological plausibility hidden in deep learning models.
Erythrocyte-Inspired Discoidal Polymeric Nanoconstructs carrying Tissue\n Plasminogen Activator for the Enhanced Lysis of Blood Clots (2019)

Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is the sole approved therapeutic molecule\nfor the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. Yet, only a small percentage of\npatients could benefit from this life-saving treatment because of medical\ncontraindications and severe side effects, including brain hemorrhage,\nassociated with delayed administration. Here, a nano therapeutic agent is\nrealized by directly associating the clinical formulation of tPA to the porous\nstructure of soft discoidal polymeric nanoconstructs (tPA-DPNs). The porous\nmatrix of DPNs protects tPA from rapid degradation, allowing tPA-DPNs to\npreserve over 70 % of the tPA original activity after 3 h of exposure to serum\nproteins. Under dynamic conditions, tPA-DPNs dissolve clots more efficiently\nthan free tPA, as demonstrated in a microfluidic chip where clots are formed\nmimicking in vivo conditions. At 60 min post treatment initiation, the clot\narea reduces by half (57 + 8 %) with tPA-DPNs, whereas a similar result (56 +\n21 %) is obtained only after 90 min for free tPA. In murine mesentery venules,\nthe intravenous administration of 2.5 mg/kg of tPA-DPNs resolves almost 90 % of\nthe blood clots, whereas a similar dose of free tPA successfully recanalize\nonly about 40 % of the treated vessels. At about 1/10 of the clinical dose (1.0\nmg/kg), tPA-DPNs still effectively dissolve 70 % of the clots, whereas free tPA\nworks efficiently only on 16 % of the vessels. In vivo, discoidal tPA-DPNs\noutperform the lytic activity of 200 nm spherical tPA-coated nanoconstructs in\nterms of both percentage of successful recanalization events and clot area\nreduction. The conjugation of tPA with preserved lytic activity, the\ndeformability and blood circulating time of DPNs together with the faster blood\nclot dissolution would make tPA-DPNs a promising nanotool for enhancing both\npotency and safety of thrombolytic therapies.\n
Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Effectiveness and Thermal Properties of Silicone Rubber Composites Filled with Ferric Oxides (2021)

본 연구에서는 제철과정에서 부산물로 발생하는 black ferric oxide(BFO), yellow ferric oxyhydroxide(YFO) 및 red ferric oxide(RFO) 산화철을 충전한 실리콘 고무 복합체의 전자파 차폐 성능 및 열적 특성을 분석하였다. BFO는 자성에 의해 전자파를 흡수할 수 있으며 YFO는 결정구조 사이의 물 분자에 의해 전자파를 흡수할 수 있다. 이는 vector network analyzer(VNA)를 통한 전자파 차폐 성능 분석과 Nichlson-Ross-Wier(NRW) 식으로 계산한 복소유전율, 복소 투자율로 확인하였다. 전자주사현미경과 입도분석기를 통해 산화철 입자의 크기를 확인하였고 열중량 분석기와 X선 회절 분석법, 열전도도 분석을 통해 산화철을 충전한 실리콘 고무 복합체의 열적 특성을 확인하였다. BFO를 충전한 실리콘 고무는 전자파 차폐 성능이 가장 높으며 RFO를 충전한 실리콘 고무는 열전도도와 열적 안정성이 가장 우수하였다.
Spectral Invariance Hypothesis Study of Polarized Reflectance With the Ground-Based Multiangle SpectroPolarimetric Imager (2019)

Many models used to represent the boundary condition for the separation of atmospheric scattering from the surface reflection in polarized remote sensing measurements, assuming that the polarized surface reflectance is spectrally neutral. To test this hypothesis, referred to the spectral invariance hypothesis, JPL's Ground-based Multiangle SpectroPolarimetric Imager (GroundMSPI) was used to measure the polarized bidirectional reflectance factors (pBRFs) of different types of outdoor surfaces. GroundMSPI measures the linear polarization Stokes parameters (I, Q, and U) at three wavebands centered at 470, 660, and 865 nm. Images of pBRF were acquired at the three wavelengths and the best-fitting slopes of pairwise spectral regressions were determined. The spectral invariance hypothesis predicts that these slopes should be unity. All region types, excluding grass, meet this criterion within 8% for all three wavelengths. Grass measurements show a large mean deviation of 31.1% from the expected slope when regressing 865-nm data against other wavelengths due to the differences in the spectral absorbance of chlorophyll. Angle of linear polarization (AoLP) analysis of cotton crops is presented as a method to isolate cases where the scattered light is dominated by single reflection within the plants from cases where multiple scattering plays a larger role. Spectral invariance is observed in those cases where specular reflection from the top surfaces of the leaves is primarily responsible for the measured polarization.
Time-bin Optimization in Time-resolved Near Infrared Fluorescence Tomography (2012)

The use of early time-bins in time-resolved near infrared (NIR) tomographic imaging has shown improvements in recovered resolution, while the late time-bins have shown to provide better imaging contrast. In this work we present a general method for the optimization of time-bins for accurate recovery of fluorophores in NIR tomography, which provide both high resolution and contrast, particularly in the presence of multiple targets.
Plant Growth Promotion by Two Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted From the Fungus Cladosporium halotolerans NGPF1 (2021)

Microbial volatiles have beneficial roles in the agricultural ecological system, enhancing plant growth and inducing systemic resistance against plant pathogens without being hazardous to the environment. The interactions of plant and fungal volatiles have been extensively studied, but there is limited research specifically elucidating the effects of distinct volatile organic compounds (VOCs) on plant growth promotion. The current study was conducted to investigate the impact of VOCs from <i>Cladosporium halotolerans</i> NGPF1 on plant growth, and to elucidate the mechanisms for the plant growth-promoting (PGP) activity of these VOCs. The VOCs from <i>C. halotolerans</i> NGPF1 significantly promoted plant growth compared with the control, and this PGP activity of the VOCs was culture medium-dependent. Headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) identified two VOC structures with profiles that differed depending on the culture medium. The two compounds that were only produced in potato dextrose (PD) medium were identified as 2-methyl-butanal and 3-methyl-butanal, and both modulated plant growth promotion and root system development. The PGP effects of the identified synthetic compounds were analyzed individually and in blends using <i>N. benthamiana</i> plants. A blend of the two VOCs enhanced growth promotion and root system development compared with the individual compounds. Furthermore, real-time PCR revealed markedly increased expression of genes involved in auxin, expansin, and gibberellin biosynthesis and metabolism in plant leaves exposed to the two volatile blends, while cytokinin and ethylene expression levels were decreased or similar in comparison with the control. These findings demonstrate that naturally occurring fungal VOCs can induce plant growth promotion and provide new insights into the mechanism of PGP activity. The application of stimulatory volatiles for growth enhancement could be used in the agricultural industry to increase crop yield.
Pre-Synthetic Redox Gated Metal-to-Insulator Transition and Photothermoelec-tric Properties in Nickel Tetrathiafulvalene-Tetrathiolate Coordination Polymers (2022)

Photothermoelectric (PTE) materials are promising candidates for solar energy harvesting and photodetection applications, especially for near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths. Although the processability and tunability of organic materials is highly advantageous, examples of organic PTE materials are comparatively rare and their PTE performance is typically limited by poor photothermal (PT) conversion. Here we report the use of redox-active Sn complexes of tetrathiafulvalene-tetrathiolate (TTFtt) as transmetalating agents for the synthesis of pre-synthetically redox tuned NiTTFtt materials. Unlike the neutral material NiTTFtt, which exhibits n-type glassy-metallic conductivity, the reduced materials Li1.2Ni0.4[NiTTFtt] and [Li(THF)1.5]1.2Ni0.4[NiTTFtt] (THF = tetrahydrofuran) display physical characteristics more consistent with p-type semi-conductors. The broad spectral absorption and electrically conducting nature of these TTFtt-based materials enable highly efficient NIR-thermal conversion and good PTE performance. Furthermore, in contrast to conventional PTE composites, these NiTTFtt coordination polymers are nota-ble as single-component PTE materials. The pre-synthetically tuned metal-to-insulator transition in these NiTTFtt systems directly modulates to their PT and PTE properties.
High-speed Multicolor Coherent Raman Imaging Enabled by a Novel Fiber Optical Parametric Oscillator (2019)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text T. Hellwig, M. Brinkmann, A. Fast, C. Evans, and C. Fallnich, "High-speed Multicolor Coherent Raman Imaging Enabled by a Novel Fiber Optical Parametric Oscillator," in Biophotonics Congress: Optics in the Life Sciences Congress 2019 (BODA,BRAIN,NTM,OMA,OMP), OSA Technical Digest (Optica Publishing Group, 2019), paper NT1C.2. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
An Energy-Efficient BJT-Based Temperature-to-Digital Converter with ±0.13°C (3σ) Inaccuracy from -40 to 125°C (2019)

This paper describes an energy-efficient BJT-based temperature-to-digital converter (TDC) with a state-of-the-art resolution FoM (RFoM) of 5.4pJ·K <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . It consists of a BJT front-end, a capacitively-coupled instrumentation amplifier (CCIA) and a 2nd-order continuous-time (CT) ΔΣADC. The front-end and the CCIA employ bitstream-controlled dynamic element matching (DEM) and chopping to mitigate mismatch and 1/f noise without incurring quantization noise fold-back. The sensor achieves ±0.13°C (3σ) inaccuracy from -40 to 125°C and has a supply sensitivity of 8.2mK/V.
Sensitivity of EEG and MEG to conductivity perturbations (2004)

Solution of the electro-magnetic source imaging (EMSI) problem requires an accurate representation of the head using a numerical model. Some of the errors in source estimation are due to the differences between this model and the actual head. This study investigates the effects of conductivity perturbations, that is, changing the conductivity of a small region by a small amount, on the EEG and MEG measurements. By computing the change in measurements for perturbations throughout the volume, it is possible to obtain a spatial distribution of sensitivity. Using this information, it is possible, for a given source configuration, to identify the regions to which a measurement is most sensitive. In this work, two mathematical expressions for efficient computation of the sensitivity distribution are presented. The formulation is implemented for a numerical head model using the finite element method (FEM). 3D sensitivity distributions are computed and analyzed for selected dipoles and sensors. It was observed that the voltage measurements are sensitive to the skull, the regions near the dipole and the electrodes. The magnetic field measurements are mostly sensitive to regions near the dipole. It could also be possible to use the computed sensitivity matrices to estimate or update the conductivity of the tissues from EEG and MEG measurements.
Space vector-based modeling and control of a modular multilevel converter in HVDC applications (2013)

Modular multilevel converter (MMC) is an emerging multilevel topology for high-voltage applications that has been developed in recent years. In this paper, the modeling and the control of MMCs are restated in terms of space vectors, which may allow a deeper understanding of the converter behavior. As a result, a control scheme for three-phase MMCs based on the previous theoretical analysis is presented. Numerical simulations are used to test its feasibility.
Predicting 30-Day Readmissions in an Asian Population: Building a Predictive Model by Incorporating Markers of Hospitalization Severity (2016)

Several factors are important for the risk of 30-day readmissions, including proxy markers of hospitalization severity.
Effect of Wetting Layers on Quantum Dash Laser Operation in Crosslight Pics3D (2021)

We discuss the integration of quantum dashes (QDashes) into laser simulations using Crosslight Pics3D, outlining the approach for developing a model featuring asymmetrical active regions. The importance of including wetting layers to accurately represent carrier transport is investigated using results obtained for an InAs/InP QDash laser. While leakage current across the active region is unaffected by the absence of wetting layers, their presence enhances Auger recombination losses in the active region, leading to lower overall device efficiencies.
Molecular rescue of tumour‐specific T cell receptor idiotype from T cell lymphomas (2004)

The T cell receptor (TCR) idiotype on T cell lymphomas can serve as a vaccine target. To clone the relevant genes, 5' rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) was performed on 13 T cell lymphomas and nine control samples. Two polymerase chain reactions (PCR) were performed for each TCR chain (alpha and beta) and the proportion of the clonal TCR sequence over the total number of TCR sequences was calculated. For alpha, the average proportions were 0.43 vs. 0.05. For beta these were 0.44 and 0.04. The TCR was identified in 10 of 13 lymphoma samples.
Heat Flow Measurement by A Force and Thermal Sensor Stick for Robots with A Nerve-Net LSI Chip (2018)

Assistant robots need a tactile sensing system. We propose a tactile sensor head with a nerve-net sensing system which measures force, temperature and heat flow with a heater simultaneously on a robot finger. For accurate heat flow measurements, it is necessary to stabilize the contact conditions between the sensor head and an object. A sensor stick which consists of the sensor head and an actuator was fabricated to control applied force. Heat flow measurements in three materials of different thermal conductivities such as polyethylene, glass and Aluminum were made with the sensor stick. As a result, three materials were discriminated clearly by heat flow peak values, saturations values and time constants. The tactile sensor stick with temperature measurement and force control is useful to discriminate materials of objects.