gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Beyond the horizon: The next 10x reduction in power &#x2014; Challenges and solutions (2011)

Summary form only given. The energy efficiency of electronic circuits has dramatically improved over the past two decades. At the same time, computation, storage, and communication demands continue to grow with emerging wireless multimedia devices. In this inaugural Plenary Technology-Roundtable event, experts will discuss the opportunities to achieve the next order-of-magnitude reduction in energy consumption across various domains, including analog, digital, RF, and memory. The line between analog and digital continues to blur, as analog circuits are enhanced by applying digital corrections to compensate for increased analog component variability with process scaling. As well, digital will incorporate more analog to become more adaptive; for example, to optimize operating voltages at a fine-grain to match workloads and process variations. Memory circuits will need to use a system-level approach which requires bit-cell optimization, low-voltage operation with integrated regulators, 3D Through-Silicon Vias (TSV), and process optimization. RF transceivers will continue to trend toward highly-digital architectures. The role of process-technology innovation and CAD tools will also be discussed. Future process technology will deliver new transistor structures and higher-mobility channel materials for low-voltage digital circuits. TSVs will be important in reducing I/O power and the length of on-chip interconnects. For RF, integrated inductors and transformers with significantly lower resistance will be the challenge. Future CAD tools optimizing energy will focus on co-design of packaging, architecture, power sources, and antenna to provide the best system solution. Domain experts will challenge the distinguished panelists to suggest directions and help create a roadmap for next-generation energy-efficient electronics.
Lack of Radiation Protective Effect of Orgotein in Normal and Malignant Mammalian Cells (1979)

The potential radiation protective effect of orgotein, a metalloprotein with superoxide dismutase activity, was investigated in L1A2 tumour cells in vitro, jejunal crypt cells and C3H mouse mammary carcinoma in vivo. No effect of orgotein, given either 2 hours before irradiation or 30 min after, was observed compared to the effect of irradiation alone. Thus, it was concluded that orgotein did not influence the primary radiation response in air in mammalian cells.
Comparative modelling and virtual screening of atypical (RIO) protein kinases from Haemonchus contortus - promise as new targets for nematocidal drugs (2011)

Almost nothing is known about atypical kinases in multicellular organisms, including parasites. We have analysed three RIO kinase genes, riok-1, riok-2 and riok-3, and their products from Haemonchus contortus, one of the most important parasitic nematodes of small ruminants. Based on comparative modelling using the known structures of RIOK-1 and RIOK-2 from Archaeoglobus fulgidus [1,2], the structural comparison of the three RIOKs shows that the RIOK domain harbouring the catalytic site is a wellconserved fold among parasitic nematodes, in particular between H. contortus and T. vitrinus. In a first attempt to probe the active site of RIOKs, with a view toward drug discovery, we conducted an in silico screen with the program LIDAEUS using the homology model of Hc-RIOK-1 and employing the SPECS database. Our findings indicate opportunities for the design of a novel class of nematodespecific inhibitors of RIO kinases. The latter aspect is of paramount importance, given the serious problems linked to anthelmintic resistance in parasitic nematode populations of livestock.
An 18 nW −47/−40 dBm Sensitivity 3/100 kbps MEMS-Assisted CMOS Wake-Up Receiver (2019)

This work demonstrates a low-power wake-up receiver utilizing a MEMS resonant device followed by CMOS demodulator and rectifying trigger circuits. The MEMS device is a Lamb wave piezoelectric-based acoustic resonator utilizing a thin film of lithium niobate (LN) which possess the largest reported electromechanical coupling factors (k <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ). This parameter, in conjunction with the high Q, is of paramount importance in providing for passive voltage amplification and filtering of the input signal. The CMOS demodulator is a 9-stage differential cross-coupled passive rectifier circuit designed with a differential output. It demodulates the signal from the MEMS resonator with the same gain as that could be achieved by a single-ended rectifier, but with half the charging time for double the single-ended bitrate. The rectifier's output is AC-coupled and fed to a two-stage differential voltage amplifier. Finally, an active latch rectifier is used to trigger a wake-up signal. The wake-up receiver is tested with an on-off keying modulated signal with carrier frequency around 400 MHz achieving a bit rate up to 100 kbps. This newly proposed system exhibits a sensitivity of -47 dBm at 3 kbps while consuming a total power of 18 nW.
A Sensitive Radiometric Assay for Ornithine Aminotransferase: Regional and Subcellular Distributions in Rat Brain (1981)

A radiometric assay for ornithine aminotransferase was developed using [1-14C]alpha-ketoglutarate as the labeled substrate and glutamate decarboxylation as a linking step. This assay gives near total measurement of ornithine aminotransferase activities that are, respectively, about 1.5 and 10 times larger than those obtained by the spectrophotometric assay and the radiometric assay using [1-14C]ornithine. It is also the most sensitive of the three assay procedures. Consistent with previous reports, brain ornithine aminotransferase was found to be present predominantly in synaptosomes. Regional distribution of the enzyme correlated with that of the high-affinity uptake of glutamate, but not with the distribution of glutamate decarboxylase. Ornithine aminotransferase may be responsible for the synthesis of glutamate in glutamatergic neurons but it is clearly not localized exclusively in such neurons.
Ghrelin Promotes and Protects Nigrostriatal Dopamine Function via a UCP2-Dependent Mitochondrial Mechanism (2009)

Ghrelin targets the hypothalamus to regulate food intake and adiposity. Endogenous ghrelin receptors [growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR)] are also present in extrahypothalamic sites where they promote circuit activity associated with learning and memory, and reward seeking behavior. Here, we show that the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), a brain region where dopamine (DA) cell degeneration leads to Parkinson's disease (PD), expresses GHSR. Ghrelin binds to SNpc cells, electrically activates SNpc DA neurons, increases tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA and increases DA concentration in the dorsal striatum. Exogenous ghrelin administration decreased SNpc DA cell loss and restricted striatal dopamine loss after 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,5,6 tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) treatment. Genetic ablation of ghrelin or the ghrelin receptor (GHSR) increased SNpc DA cell loss and lowered striatal dopamine levels after MPTP treatment, an effect that was reversed by selective reactivation of GHSR in catecholaminergic neurons. Ghrelin-induced neuroprotection was dependent on the mitochondrial redox state via uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2)-dependent alterations in mitochondrial respiration, reactive oxygen species production, and biogenesis. Together, our data reveal that peripheral ghrelin plays an important role in the maintenance and protection of normal nigrostriatal dopamine function by activating UCP2-dependent mitochondrial mechanisms. These studies support ghrelin as a novel therapeutic strategy to combat neurodegeneration, loss of appetite and body weight associated with PD. Finally, we discuss the potential implications of these studies on the link between obesity and neurodegeneration.
In vitro Metabolism studies of Catechol‐Containing Natural Products and Analogues (2020)

Many biologically active natural products contain phenol groups that are prone to rapid phase‐II metabolism. In order to better understand the structural basis for these metabolic transformations, we have investigated the in vitro metabolism of rooperol, a bis‐catechol with anti‐cancer activity, and caffeic acid phenethyl amide (CAPA), a synthetic analog of a natural product with antioxidant and cytoprotective activities. In the presence of pig liver microsomes supplemented with UDP‐glucuronic acid, both of these catechols undergo rapid phase‐II metabolism to form mono‐ (CAPA and rooperol) and bis‐ (rooperol) glucuronide metabolites. The identity of these metabolites was determined by HPLC‐MS. We followed the kinetics of these in vitro metabolism reactions using HPLC. In both cases, the disappearance of the compound over time corresponded to a first‐order process with half‐life of 4.0 ± 0.5 min for rooperol and 5.1 ± 0.8 min for CAPA. In the case of rooperol, this data is in agreement with previously published pharmacokinetic (PK) studies in humans, in which only phase‐II metabolites were detected after oral administration, as well as PK studies in baboons which also report rapid phase‐II metabolism following IV administration. While human or non‐human primate PK data for CAPA have not been reported, our data suggest that this compound will also suffer from rapid phase‐II metabolism, and thus more metabolically stable analogs of both rooperol and CAPA are required. Support or Funding Information This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Education HSI STEM program (841.031c), Award #P021C160036 The Robert and Ella Owens Medical Research Foundation
Addressing Confounding in Predictive Models with an Application to Neuroimaging (2015)

Understanding structural changes in the brain that are caused by a particular disease is a major goal of neuroimaging research. Multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) comprises a collection of tools that can be used to understand complex disease efxcfects across the brain. We discuss several important issues that must be considered when analyzing data from neuroimaging studies using MVPA. In particular, we focus on the consequences of confounding by non-imaging variables such as age and sex on the results of MVPA. After reviewing current practice to address confounding in neuroimaging studies, we propose an alternative approach based on inverse probability weighting. Although the proposed method is motivated by neuroimaging applications, it is broadly applicable to many problems in machine learning and predictive modeling. We demonstrate the advantages of our approach on simulated and real data examples.
Deep Neural Network Concepts for Background Subtraction: A Systematic Review and Comparative Evaluation (2018)

Conventional neural networks show a powerful framework for background subtraction in video acquired by static cameras. Indeed, the well-known SOBS method and its variants based on neural networks were the leader methods on the largescale CDnet 2012 dataset during a long time. Recently, convolutional neural networks which belong to deep learning methods were employed with success for background initialization, foreground detection and deep learned features. Currently, the top current background subtraction methods in CDnet 2014 are based on deep neural networks with a large gap of performance in comparison on the conventional unsupervised approaches based on multi-features or multi-cues strategies. Furthermore, a huge amount of papers was published since 2016 when Braham and Van Droogenbroeck published their first work on CNN applied to background subtraction providing a regular gain of performance. In this context, we provide the first review of deep neural network concepts in background subtraction for novices and experts in order to analyze this success and to provide further directions. For this, we first surveyed the methods used background initialization, background subtraction and deep learned features. Then, we discuss the adequacy of deep neural networks for background subtraction. Finally, experimental results are presented on the CDnet 2014 dataset.
Microstrip-fed quasi-Yagi antenna array for a different DSRC system (2012)

In this paper an integrated Microstrip-fed quasi-Yagi antenna array for a different DSRC system is proposed. In classical DSRC Free-Flow, the antennas are placed in areas visible to the driver: aerial platforms on highway lanes, boxes next to the highway, etc. In this proposed DSRC system, based on the European DSRC standards, the identification is performed by a reader connected via buried coaxial cable to an antenna located under the lane structure. The antenna had been simulated using CST Microwave Studio software. The antenna was fabricated on Rogers RO4003 substrate. The proposed antenna profile provides at 5.8 GHz: a measured return-loss of -16 dB and a high simulated gain of 16.75 dB.
Polycrystalline Anatase Micro-Ring Resonators at Telecommunication Wavelengths (2014)

We fabricate and characterize integrated polycrystalline anatase TiO2 micro-ring resonators at around λ = 1550 nm. We obtain quality factors of 1.5×104 and calculate a propagation loss of 8.0 ± 1.3 dB/cm.
SELF-ASSEMBLY OF COLLOIDS FOR PLASTIC CAPILLARY ELECTROCHROMATOGRAPHY CHIP (2003)

In this work we have developed and characterized a novel fabrication process for producing dense, porous array of silica particles packed inside a plastic microfluidic channel. The novel approach relies on in-situ crystallization of colloidal silica particles within specific regions of a microchannel defined by plasma processing. These selfassembled silica colloids through a plastic microchannel are suitable for the application of plastic capillary electrochromatography chips. kXYWORDS: Capillary elect~oc~~o~zatog~up~y (CEC), capillary force, colloid, surface modljkation
Surface sensitivity of total reflection high-energy positron diffraction (2014)

Reflection high-energy positron diffraction (RHEPD) is the positron counterpart of reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED). RHEPD was proposed in 1992 [1], and first demonstrated in 1998 [2]. Unlike the case of the electron, the potential energy of the positron inside a crystal is positive, and hence positrons incident on a crystal surface with a glancing angle smaller than a certain critical angle are totally reflected. This feature makes the positrons a tool extremely sensitive to the topmost layer of the crystal surface. Recent development of a brightness-enhanced intense positron beam at KEK [K. Wada, et al., J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 443, 012082 (2013)] has made it possible to obtain clear RHEPD patterns. We rename the technique with a refined beam as "total reflection high-energy positron diffraction (TRHEPD)". Here we demonstrate that the TRHEPD pattern from the Si(111)-7x7 DAS surface taken with a glancing angle smaller than the critical angle for the total reflection is essentially determined only by the atoms exposed on the surface (adatoms and the atoms in the first surface layer) [3]. The technical details of the positron beam preparation [M. Maekawa, et al., to be published in Eur. Phys. J. D (2014)], results on the Pt/Ge(001) nano-wire surface[I. Mochizuki, et al., Phys. Rev. B 85, 245438 (2012)], TiO2(110)-1x2 surface, and silicene on Ag(111) surface [Y. Fukaya, et al., Phys. Rev. B 88 205413 (2013)] are also presented in this conference.
Upper critical field of two-phase CuxMo6S8 (1979)

Abstract The upper critical field B C2(T) of copper molybdenum sulphide, Cu x Mo6S8, has been measured for several samples prepared by co-evaporation. The range of x between samples was large enough to include samples with each of the superconducting phases as well as samples with mixtures of phases. Results are compared to the phase diagram, and to the theory of type-II superconductors.
Nearly-optimal simple explicit MPC regulators with recursive feasibility guarantees (2013)

Explicit Model Predictive Control (MPC) is an attractive control strategy, especially when one aims at a fast, computationally less demanding implementation of MPC. Although leading to a fast implementation of optimization-based control, the main downside of explicit MPC is its high complexity in terms of memory occupancy, which often limits practical applicability of such a control methodology. Therefore in this paper we propose to obtain simple explicit MPC controllers that provide guarantees of recursive satisfaction of input and state constraints. The task is accomplished by optimizing, off-line, the parameters of the feedback law such that an integrated square error between the optimal, but complex controller and its simpler replacement is minimized. We show that the task can be formulated as a quadratic optimization problem which always yields an admissible solution. In this way, suboptimality of simple feedbacks with respect to their complex optimal counterparts is significantly mitigated.
Configuring networks with content filtering nodes with applications to network security (2005)

With the rapid increase in the frequency of worm attacks, there has been significant interest in developing network based mechanisms that slow or contain worm propagation. One suggested network-based approach is the use of special content filtering nodes that examine the complete content of each packet and block traffic that contain strings matching a pre-specified set of worm signatures. To be effective, containment systems need to have fast reaction times (content filtering with the appropriate signatures must be activated very soon after the start of an attack) and need to be comprehensive in the sense that every packet routed through the network must be examined at least once. Since network-based content filtering is expensive, it is desirable to make the best use of deployable content filtering capability. This requires intelligent placement of the content filtering nodes in the network and use of appropriate network routing to maximize the carried traffic. In this paper, we study the impact of the content filtering requirement on network capacity. First, we develop an intelligent heuristic for deployment of content filtering nodes in the network. Next, given a set of deployed content filtering nodes, we develop a fully polynomial time approximation scheme (FP-TAS) that maximizes the traffic carried by the network subject to the constraint that all traffic passes through a content filtering node at least once. Simulation studies using the developed schemes show that for large networks, most of the traffic can be examined even when only 10% of the network nodes are content filtering capable.
Robust method for estimating the Lindblad operators of a dissipative quantum process from measurements of the density operator at multiple time points (2003)

We present a robust method for quantum process tomography, which yields a set of Lindblad operators that optimally fit the density operators measured at a sequence of time points. The benefits of this method are illustrated using a set of liquid-state nuclear magnetic resonance measurements on a molecule containing two coupled hydrogen nuclei which are sufficient to fully determine its relaxation superoperator. It was found that the complete positivity constraint, which is necessary for the existence of the Lindblad operators, was also essential for obtaining a robust fit to the measurements. The general approach taken here promises to be broadly useful in studying dissipative quantum processes in many of the diverse experimental systems currently being developed for quantum-information processing purposes.
AteGau (2013)

We propose AteGau, a system that enables intuitive fashion coordination using both clothes from an online store and clothes from the user's own wardrobe. In our prototype, a projector is used to project images of clothes from an online store next to the user's real-world clothes. As an associated user interface, we implemented the tuck-in / tuck-out switcher, a clothes positioning guide and occasion selector. The user is able to make selections from a store's and real-world clothes to determine how they combine with each other.
Efficacy of the novel parainfluenza virus haemagglutinin-neuraminidase inhibitor BCX 2798 in mice – further evaluation (2009)

BCX 2798 was effective in the prophylaxis of lethal and in the therapy of non-lethal parainfluenza virus infection in mice, suggesting further consideration of BCX 2798 for clinical trials.
Does Augmentation with a Reinforced Fascia Patch Improve Rotator Cuff Repair Outcomes? (2012)

The biomechanical properties of repairs augmented with a reinforced fascia patch demonstrated greater ultimate load at Time 0 than nonaugmented repairs but remained essentially unchanged after 12 weeks of healing, despite improvements in the ultimate load of nonaugmented controls in the same time frame.
High quality draft genome sequence of Streptomyces sp. strain AW19M42 isolated from a sea squirt in Northern Norway (2014)

Here we report the 8 Mb high quality draft genome of Streptomyces sp. strain AW19M42, together with specific properties of the organism and the generation, annotation and analysis of its genome sequence. The genome encodes 7,727 putative open reading frames, of which 6,400 could be assigned with COG categories. Also, 62 tRNA genes and 8 rRNA operons were identified. The genome harbors several gene clusters involved in the production of secondary metabolites. Functional screening of the isolate was positive for several enzymatic activities, and some candidate genes coding for those activities are listed in this report. We find that this isolate shows biotechnological potential and is an interesting target for bioprospecting.
External Quantum Efficiency Exceeding 24% with CIEy Value of 0.08 using a Novel Carbene‐Based Iridium Complex in Deep‐Blue Phosphorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes (2020)

Deep-blue triplet emitters remain far inferior to standard red and green triplet emitters in terms of exhibiting high-color-purity Commission International de l'Éclairage (CIE) y values of ≤0.1, external quantum efficiencies (EQEs), and high electroluminescent brightnesses in phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes. In fact, no deep-blue triplet emitter with color purity and high device performance has previously been reported. In this study, a deep-blue triplet emitter, mer-tris(N-phenyl, N-benzyl-pyridoimidazol-2-yl)iridium(III) (mer-Ir1) is developed, which meets the requirements of the National Television System Committee (NTSC) CIE(x, y) coordinates of (0.149, 0.085) with an extremely high EQE of 24.8% and maximum brightness (L<sub>max</sub> ) of 6453 cd m<sup>-2</sup> , by a device with a 40 vol% doping ratio. Moreover, another device demonstrates an EQE<sub>max</sub> of 21.3%, an L<sub>max</sub> of 5247 cd m<sup>-2</sup> , and CIE(x, y) coordinates of (0.151, 0.086) at a 30 vol% doping ratio. This is the first report of a high-performance, deep-blue phosphor, carbene-based Ir(III) complex device with outstanding CIE(x, y) color coordinates and a high EQE. The results of this study indicate that the novel dopant mer-Ir1 is a promising candidate for reducing power consumption in display applications.
Development of a multi-terawatt few cycle optical parametric chirped pulse amplifier (2006)

Optical parametric chirped pulse amplification provides a promising alternative for amplification of high-power few-cycle pulses. Our objective is to explore the feasibility of this concept in amplifying 7 fs phase-stabilized pulses till 10 TW power.