gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Decision-Making in Automotive Collision Avoidance Systems (2011)

This thesis is concerned with decision-making in systems that can detect hazardous traffic situations and assist drivers in avoiding collisions by using automatic braking or steering. The aim with these systems is to reduce the number of accidents and their consequences without disturbing the driver with unnecessary interventions during normal traffic conditions.The main contribution of this thesis consists of algorithms for evaluating if the driver needs assistance to avoid colliding with a single road user in any traffic situation. The proposed algorithms, which are shown to work well in a real-time environment, are evaluated using data from both real traffic conditions, simulations and collision situations on a test track. Moreover, a probabilistic decision-making framework is presented for jointly evaluating the driver acceptance of an intervention and the necessity thereof to automatically avoid an accident. The framework enables earlier interventions in critical traffic situations, thereby increasing the benefit of the system. Additionally, a method is proposed for estimating driver distraction by observing the driver's steering behavior prior to near-crash situations. It is shown that earlier interventions can be triggered when the driver is assessed as being distracted without significantly increasing the risk of unnecessary interventions. Decision-making on when to assist the driver by steering and when to assist by braking is discussed and an algorithm for finding suitable evasive steering maneuvers to pass between multiple moving objects is presented.
Simulation study of real-time tumor tracking by OpenPET using the 4D XCAT phantom with a realistic 18F-FDG distribution (2012)

We are developing the OpenPET which can provide an open space observable and accessible to the patient during PET measurements. In addition, we have proposed the real-time imaging system for the OpenPET which is expected to be used in PET-guided tumor tracking radiation therapy and demonstrated its tracking ability using a point source and a small OpenPET prototype. However, tumor tracking in the human body still remains as a challenging task when we use <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">18</sup> F_FDG which is the best available tracer for tumors because of its background activity, scatter and attenuation in the body. In this study, we assess conditions under which tumor tracking is feasible in the human body by using the 4D XCAT phantom which is a realistic 4D human whole body phantom. To simulate realistic <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">18</sup> F_FDG distributions, we assigned standardized uptake values (SUVs) to normal organs based on the literature. We conducted Monte Carlo simulation of a human-sized OpenPET geometry by using Geant4 Application for Tomographic Emission (GATE) ver. 6.1 assuming a measurement at 100 minutes after the <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">18</sup> F_FDG injection of 370 MBq and a spherical tumor with the diameter of 10 to 30 mm and SUV of 3 to 10. List-mode data were generated for each 0.5 s time frame of a respiratory cycle of 5 s. Image reconstruction was done in a frame-by-frame manner and tumor position was automatically extracted for each time frame by a pattern matching technique. Tumor movement in the 4D XCAT phantom was about 17 mm at the maximum. The mean error of the tumor positions extracted from the reconstructed images was similar to the PET image resolution when the tumor size was 20 mm or more and SUV was 5 or more. We showed that tumor tracking by the OpenPET is feasible even in the human body scale and for realistic conditions.
On-chip optical true time delay lines featuring one-dimensional fishbone photonic crystal waveguide (2018)

In this paper, we present on-chip optical true time delay lines based on slow light one-dimensional (1D) fishbone photonic crystal waveguides (FPCWs). The structural slow light is generated by modulating the index guided optical mode with periodically arranged sidewalls along the propagation direction. Due to the reduced mode overlap with the rough etched surface, the propagation loss of the 1D FPCW is significantly reduced compared to the two-dimensional photonic crystal waveguide. A delay time of 65 ps/mm is observed experimentally.
Si, SiC and GaN power devices: An unbiased view on key performance indicators (2016)

This paper discusses key parameters such as capacitances & switching losses for silicon, SiC and GaN power devices with respect to applications in switch mode power supplies. Whereas wide bandgap devices deliver roughly one order of magnitude lower charges stored in the output capacitance, the energy equivalent is nearly on par with latest generation super junction devices. Silicon devices will hence prevail in classic hard switching applications at moderate switching frequencies whereas SiC and GaN based power devices will play to their full benefits in resonant topologies at moderate to high switching frequencies.
Organic thin-film transistors for flexible displays and circuits (2012)

Unlike thin-film transistors (TFTs) based on hydrogenated amorphous silicon, polycrystalline silicon or metal oxides, which typically require process temperatures above 150 °C, organic TFTs can often be fabricated at temperatures around 100 °C or below and thus not only on glass or certain high-temperature-compatible types of plastics, such as polyimide or polyethersulfone, but also on less expensive plastics, such as polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and even on paper, making organic TFTs potentially useful for flexible active-matrix displays, flexible sensor arrays, and flexible integrated circuits.
Supplementary Table 12 from Comprehensive Genome Methylation Analysis in Bladder Cancer: Identification and Validation of Novel Methylated Genes and Application of These as Urinary Tumor Markers (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 95K&lt;/p&gt;
Hypoxic activation of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase controls the expression of genes involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension through the regulation of DNA methylation (2020)

Metabolic reprogramming is considered important in the pathogenesis of the occlusive vasculopathy observed in pulmonary hypertension (PH). However, the mechanisms that link reprogrammed metabolism to aberrant expression of genes, which modulate functional phenotypes of cells in PH, remain enigmatic. Herein, we demonstrate that, in mice, hypoxia-induced PH was prevented by glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD<sup>Def</sup>), and further show that established severe PH in <i>Cyp2c44<sup>-/-</sup></i> mice was attenuated by knockdown with G6PD shRNA or by G6PD inhibition with an inhibitor (N-ethyl-N'-[(3β,5α)-17-oxoandrostan-3-yl]urea, NEOU). Mechanistically, G6PD<sup>Def</sup>, knockdown and inhibition in lungs: <i>1</i>) reduced hypoxia-induced changes in cytoplasmic and mitochondrial metabolism, <i>2</i>) increased expression of Tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 2 (<i>Tet2</i>) gene, and <i>3</i>) upregulated expression of the coding genes and long noncoding (lnc) RNA <i>Pint</i>, which inhibits cell growth, by hypomethylating the promoter flanking region downstream of the transcription start site. These results suggest functional TET2 is required for G6PD inhibition to increase gene expression and to reverse hypoxia-induced PH in mice. Furthermore, the inhibitor of G6PD activity (NEOU) decreased metabolic reprogramming, upregulated <i>TET2 and lncPINT</i>, and inhibited growth of control and diseased smooth muscle cells isolated from pulmonary arteries of normal individuals and idiopathic-PAH patients, respectively. Collectively, these findings demonstrate a previously unrecognized function for G6PD as a regulator of DNA methylation. These findings further suggest that G6PD acts as a link between reprogrammed metabolism and aberrant gene regulation and plays a crucial role in regulating the phenotype of cells implicated in the pathogenesis of PH, a debilitating disorder with a high mortality rate.
Gating function of isoleucine‐116 inTM‐3 (positionIII:16/3.40) for the activity state of theCC‐chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) (2013)

The results imply that an aromatic amino acid in the centre of TM-5 controls the level of receptor activity. Furthermore, Ile(116) acts as a gate for the movement of Tyr(244) towards TM-5 in the active state, a mechanism proposed previously for the β2 -adrenoceptor. The results provide an understanding of chemokine receptor function and thereby information for the development of biased and non-biased antagonists and inverse agonists.
Avances en nefrolitotomía percutánea (2007)

La nefrolitotomia percutanea fue realizada por primera vez en 1976. En los ultimos 30 anos ha mejorado mucho y se ha convertido en el metodo de referencia para el tratamiento de calculos renales grandes y complejos. Este articulo revisa los avances que se han producido en este campo y destaca los matices de la tecnica. Se revisan las grandes series publicadas y se analizan sus resultados.
Study of the kinetics of pyrolysis of a rigid polyurethane foam: use of the invariant kinetics parameters method (2003)

Abstract Among all of the methods used for the development and study of the degradation of a polymer, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) is the most widespread. This study is interested in the modelling of the mass losses of rigid polyurethane foam under linear heating rates in an inert atmosphere using the Invariant Kinetic Parameters (IKP) method. The degradation of rigid polyurethane foam is a five‐stage process under a nitrogen atmosphere. The first stage of degradation has not been modelled because of too low a number of points. The model of potential law for the second stage, the model of reaction order for the third stage and a mixture of reaction order, phase‐boundary reaction and nucleation for the fourth stage are found to be the most adequate ones. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of Supported Lipid Bilayer Disruption By Chrysophsin-3 Using QCM-D (2011)

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are naturally occurring polymers that can kill bacteria by destabilizing their membranes. A quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) was used to better understand the action of the AMP chrysophsin-3 on supported lipid bilayers (SLB) of phosphatidylcholine. Interaction of the SLB with chrysophsin-3 at 0.05 μM demonstrated changes in frequency (Δf) and energy dissipation (ΔD) that were near zero, indicating little change in the membrane. At higher concentrations of chyrsophsin-3 (0.25-4 μM), decreases in Δf of up to 7 Hz were measured. These negative frequency changes suggest that mass was being added to the SLB, possibly due to peptide insertion into the membrane. At a chrysophsin-3 concentration of 10 μM, there was a net mass loss, which was attributed to pore formation in the membrane. QCM-D can be used to describe a mechanistic relationship between AMP concentration and interaction with a model cell membrane.
Low energy gamma ray imaging with a detector array (2015)

Methods such as Compton imaging can be used to image a radiation field, including localizing different radioactive isotopes. Depth of interaction detection enables Compton imaging using Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT) detector for gamma ray energies above ~300 keV. We have developed an imaging technique for low energy gamma rays, using an array of CZT sensors, based on the non-uniform penetration of radiation into the interior of individual crystals, and radiation “shadows” cast by one detector crystal onto its neighbors. This mask-free imaging technique is ideal for a hand-held detector system because it avoids the need for the heavy collimator or masks typically used to image at low energies. A radiation source direction is reconstructed from the unique geometric shadow that develops when illuminating detector array. This shadow is based on the path length attenuation of the gamma as it passes through the detector material. This self-shielding technique can also be combined with high energy gamma ray Compton imaging to enhance radioisotope localization. We demonstrate this approach using simulations and measurement on a multi-crystal CZT detector.
Biodegradable Polymers from Renewable Sources. New Hemicellulose-Based Hydrogels (2001)

Hemicellulose/poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA)-based hydrogels were prepared by the radical polymerization of HEMA with hemicellulose purposely modified with well-defined amounts of methacrylic functions using a redox initiator system. Oligomeric hydrosoluble hemicelluloses produced from spruce chips were used for modification studies. The chemical modification of hemicellulose was performed with 2-[(1-imidazolyl)formyloxy]ethyl methacrylate as a modifying agent and triethylamine as the catalyst. The kinetics of the modification reaction was monitored by means of 1H NMR spectroscopy. The resulting hydrogels obtained after a 30 min reaction were homogeneous, elastic, and transparent materials.
REPAIR OF ARTICULAR CARTILAGE DEFECTS WITH OSTEOGENIC PROTEIN-1 (BMP-7) IN DOGS (2003)

rhOP-1 (rhBMP-7) induced hyaline cartilage-like repair of full-thickness osteochondral defects in a dog model. Differences in cartilage repair were maintained at fifty-two weeks postoperatively with no significant degradation of the rhOP-1-induced repair tissue.
IPv6 Addressing of IPv4/IPv6 Translators (2010)

This document discusses how an individual IPv6 address can be
algorithmically translated to a corresponding IPv4 address, and vice
versa, using only statically configured information. This technique is
used in IPv4/IPv6 translators, as well as other types of proxies and
gateways (e.g., for DNS) used in IPv4/IPv6 scenarios.
The effect of kynurenic acid on the synthesis of selected cytokines by murine splenocytes – <i>in vitro </i>and <i>ex vivo </i>studies (2016)

Kynurenic acid (KYNA), a secondary product of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan degradation, known mainly as an endogenous neuroprotectant, shows also immunotropic properties. Some quantities of KYNA are present in food and are effectively absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. Since the spleen is an important target of dietary immunomodulators, the aim of the study was to determine the effect of exogenous KYNA on murine splenocytes. Splenocytes isolated from adult BALB/c mice were used in the study. Firstly, the effect of increasing KYNA concentrations (0-5 mM) on the viability, and proliferative and cytokine response (interleukin 1β [IL-1β], IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor α [TNF-α]) of murine splenocytes under in vitro conditions was determined. Then, proliferative and cytokine responses were determined in cells derived from animals receiving kynurenic acid in drinking water at concentrations of 2.5, 25, or 250 mg/l for 7-14 days. Cytokine levels were measured using commercial immunoassay (ELISA) kits, and cell viability and proliferation was determined with MTT reduction assay. Exogenous KYNA was characterised by a low level of cytotoxicity towards murine splenocytes, and was well tolerated by the animals receiving it in drinking water. As expected, it exhibited anti-inflammatory action towards the activated splenocytes, under both in vitro and ex vivo conditions. Surprisingly, however, KYNA itself influenced the activity of resting, non-stimulated cells, exerting an immunostimulant effect in vitro, and an immunosuppressive effect under ex vivo conditions. The obtained results indicate not only anti-inflammatory, but also more complex, immunomodulating properties of KYNA, which require more detailed investigation.
Immunocytochemical Identification of Monoclonal Antibodies with Binding Activity to Acinar Cells but not Islets (1991)

The development of techniques for separating islets from acinar cells on a mass scale is a prerequisite to successful clinical attempts at islet transplantation. We have identified and partially characterized two blood group-reactive monoclonal antibodies (McAb), CAC1 and CAC2, with specific binding activity to acinar cells but not islets. These McAb are of the IgM subclass, and were found on immunocytochemical analysis to possess broad interspecies cross-reactivity, binding to antigens expressed in the acinar tissue of rats, dogs, and man. The antigens that these McAb recognize are glycolipid in nature and thus were not denatured by collagenase digestion of the pancreas. These properties, together with their ability to effect complement-mediated lysis, may make the McAb generally useful reagents in islet isolation and purification.
Preparation and characterization of a siloxane containing bismaleimide (1984)

A novel siloxane containing bismaleimide has been prepared by reacting maleic anhydride, benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride and bis(gamma-aminopropyl)tetramethyldisiloxane. Characterization of this monomer was done by comparing its nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum (NMR) to those of model compounds. Solubility of the prepolymer was tested in amide, chlorinated and ether solvents. Films were cast from solution as well as by melt processing and a cure cycle was determined. Infrared spectrum (IR) of the resulting film was obtained. Thermal polymerization was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Thermal properties of the cured resin were followed by means of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), torsional braid analysis (TBA) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) was used to study the effect of postcure on the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resin. Adhesive strength of the resin was obtained at ambient temperature.
Charging a Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carrier System with H2/CO2 Gas Mixtures (2018)

Abstract Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carrier (LOHC) systems have attracted growing attention in recent years as efficient way to store and transport hydrogen in the existing infrastructures for liquid fuels. This contribution highlights the additional feature that hydrogenation of the LOHC compound dibenzyltoluene with technical relevant H 2 /CO 2 gas mixtures (up to 30 % CO 2 ) gives access to hydrogen purification and hydrogen storage in one single process step. Alumina supported Rh and Pd catalysts proved to be especially suitable for this task. The rhodium catalysts enabled efficient aromatics hydrogenation in the temperature range of 120 °C to 150 °C with moderate methane formation (CH 4 /CO 2 &lt;0.1 at 150 °C). The palladium catalyst showed the lowest selectivity to methane formation (CH 4 /CO 2 &lt;0.1 at 270 °C) and promising hydrogenation activity at temperatures above 200 °C even in the presence of CO and CO 2 .
Suppression and resolution of autoimmune arthritis by rhesus θ-defensin-1, an immunomodulatory macrocyclic peptide (2017)

θ-defensins constitute a family of macrocyclic peptides expressed exclusively in Old World monkeys. The peptides are pleiotropic effectors of innate immunity, possessing broad spectrum antimicrobial activities and immunoregulatory properties. Here we report that rhesus θ-defensin 1 (RTD-1) is highly effective in arresting and reversing joint disease in a rodent model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Parenteral RTD-1 treatment of DA/OlaHsd rats with established pristane-induced arthritis (PIA) rapidly suppressed joint disease progression, restored limb mobility, and preserved normal joint architecture. RTD-1 significantly reduced joint IL-1β levels compared with controls. RTD-1 dose-dependently inhibited fibroblast-like synoviocyte (FLS) invasiveness and FLS IL-6 production. Consistent with the inhibition of FLS invasiveness, RTD-1 was a potent inhibitor of arthritogenic proteases including ADAMs 17 and 10 which activate TNFα, and inhibited matrix metalloproteases, and cathepsin K. RTD-1 was non-toxic, non-immunogenic, and effective when administered as infrequently as once every five days. Thus θ-defensins, which are absent in humans, have potential as retroevolutionary biologics for the treatment of RA.
Refractive index measured by common path interferometry for solvents from visible to infrared (2021)

We develop a common path interferometer to measure the refractive index of liquids from the visible to infrared. In this work, we present experimental data and comparison of several organic solvents.
Host Defense Peptides in Fish: From the Peculiar to the Mainstream (2019)

In this chapter, the authors explains genetic, structural and functional relatives of non-fish host defense peptides in fish, and they devote a portion of this discussion to each of these topics. A great leap in understanding host defense peptides in fish came when genetic techniques replaced the previously-utilised tedious and expensive purification techniques, which relied on obtaining large quantity of the biomass sample, homogenising it, and extracting and purifying peptides in a series of multidimensional protein purification steps alongside activity assays. Fish host defense peptides have not received nearly as much attention as their non-fish counterparts. When fish host defense peptides were first discovered, the rare discoveries of active compounds were exciting. The authors conclude by venturing into the realm of speculation about what we anticipate will be discovered in the field of fish host defense peptides in the future.
Controlling Morphology in Polycrystalline Films by Nucleation and Growth from Metastable Nanocrystals (2018)

Solution processing of polycrystalline compound semiconductor thin film using nanocrystals as a precursor is considered one of the most promising and economically viable routes for future large-area manufacturing. However, in polycrystalline compound semiconductor films such as Cu<sub>2</sub>ZnSnS<sub>4</sub> (CZTS), grain size, and the respective grain boundaries play a key role in dictating the optoelectronic properties. Various strategies have been employed previously in tailoring the grain size and boundaries (such as ligand exchange) but most require postdeposition thermal annealing at high temperature in the presence of grain growth directing agents (selenium or sulfur vapor with/without Na, K, etc.) to enlarge the grains through sintering. Here, we show a different strategy of controlling grain size by tuning the kinetics of nucleation and the subsequent grain growth in CZTS nanocrystal thin films during a crystalline phase transition. We demonstrate that the activation energy for the phase transition can be varied by utilizing different shapes (spherical and nanorod) of nanocrystals with similar size, composition, and surface chemistry leading to different densities of nucleation sites and, thereby, different grain sizes in the films. Additionally, exchanging the native organic ligands for inorganic surface ligands changes the activation energy for the phase change and substantially changes the grain growth dynamics, while also compositionally modifying the resulting film. This combined approach of using nucleation and growth dynamics and surface chemistry enables us to tune the grain size of polycrystalline CZTS films and customize their electronic properties by compositional engineering.