gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sonochemical Coating of Paper by Microbiocidal Silver Nanoparticles (2010)

Colloidal silver has gained wide acceptance as an antimicrobial agent, and various substrates coated with nanosilver such as fabrics, plastics, and metal have been shown to develop antimicrobial properties. Here, a simple method to develop coating of colloidal silver on paper using ultrasonic radiation is presented, and the coatings are characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), high resolution scanning electron microscope (HRSEM), and thermogravimetry (TGA) measurements. Depending on the variables such as precursor concentrations and ultrasonication time, uniform coatings ranging from 90 to 150 nm in thickness have been achieved. Focused ion beam (FIB) cross section imaging measurements revealed that silver nanoparticles penetrated the paper surface to a depth of more than 1 μm, resulting in highly stable coatings. The coated paper demonstrated antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus, suggesting its potential application as a food packing material for longer shelf life.
A portable Java API interface to simplify user access to digital cameras (1998)

The digital camera is one of the main successes in consumer electronics. However a typical digital camera remains tied to proprietary software on a personal computer. In this paper we describe the design and implementation of a portable Java API to simplify end user access to digital cameras and to provide interconnectivity with a new generation of intelligent home appliances.
Underlying Vulnerabilities to the Cytokine Storm and Adverse COVID-19 Outcomes in the Aging Immune System (2020)

Older adults are far more vulnerable to adverse health outcomes and mortality after contracting COVID-19. There are likely multiple age-related biological, clinical, and environmental reasons for this increased risk, all of which are exacerbated by underlying age-associated changes to the immune system as well as increased prevalence of chronic disease states in older adults. Innate immune system overactivity, termed the cytokine storm, appears to be critical in the development of the worst consequences of COVID-19 infection. Pathophysiology suggests that viral stimulation of the innate immune system, augmented by inflammatory signals sent from dying cells, ramps up into a poorly controlled outpouring of inflammatory mediators. Other aging-related changes in cells such as senescence as well as higher prevalence of chronic disease states also likely ramp up inflammatory signaling. This in turn drives downstream pathophysiological changes to pulmonary, cardiovascular, skeletal muscle, and brain tissues that drive many of the adverse health outcomes observed in older adults. This article provides an overview of the underlying etiologies of innate immune system activation and adaptive immune system dysregulation in older adults and how they potentiate the consequences of the COVID-19-related cytokine storm, and possible uses of this knowledge to develop better risk assessment and treatment monitoring strategies.
Capsule (2016)

This Glossary of Terms Related to Pharmaceutics is needed by practitioners in the field of pharmaceutics as this field fulfills an important and crucial role, different from the roles of other scientific disciplines involved in the drugmaking process. The glossary contains 168 definitions used in pharmaceutics. These are related to various aspects of this discipline, such as: (1) physicochemical characterization of pharmaceutical preparations and the active ingredients they contain; (2) unit operations used in the practice of pharmaceutics; (3) terms related to the various dosage forms; (4) terms related to the various modes and routes of drug delivery; (5) terms used in pharmacokinetics and biopharmaceutics in general; and additional miscellaneous terms. The field of pharmaceutics itself is of a multidisciplinary nature as its practitioners come from a variety of disciplines, such as chemistry or various biological sciences, thus a glossary containing authoritative definitions would be useful for them. The terms used in pharmaceutics are rarely covered by existing glossaries, and in the cases they are, their definitions are often inappropriate for the field of pharmaceutics and require new or modified definitions to better fit the new context.
Genetic mechanisms of HLA-I loss and immune escape in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (2021)

Fifty percent of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cases lack cell-surface expression of the class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC-I), thus escaping recognition by cytotoxic T cells. Here we show that, across B cell lymphomas, loss of MHC-I, but not MHC-II, is preferentially restricted to DLBCL. To identify the involved mechanisms, we performed whole exome and targeted HLA deep-sequencing in 74 DLBCL samples, and found somatic inactivation of <i>B2M</i> and the <i>HLA-I</i> loci in 80% (34 of 42) of MHC-I<sup>NEG</sup> tumors. Furthermore, 70% (22 of 32) of MHC-I<sup>POS</sup> DLBCLs harbored monoallelic HLA-I genetic alterations (MHC-I<sup>POS/mono</sup>), indicating allele-specific inactivation. MHC-I<sup>NEG</sup> and MHC-I<sup>POS/mono</sup> cases harbored significantly higher mutational burden and inferred neoantigen load, suggesting potential coselection of <i>HLA-I</i> loss and sustained neoantigen production. Notably, the analysis of >500,000 individuals across different cancer types revealed common germline <i>HLA-I</i> homozygosity, preferentially in DLBCL. In mice, germinal-center B cells lacking HLA-I expression did not progress to lymphoma and were counterselected in the context of oncogene-driven lymphomagenesis, suggesting that additional events are needed to license immune evasion. These results suggest a multistep process of <i>HLA-I</i> loss in DLBCL development including both germline and somatic events, and have direct implications for the pathogenesis and immunotherapeutic targeting of this disease.
Mutation of three amino acids in the disulfide-ring of a CNP based chimeric natriuretic peptide alters its vascular properties (2009)

C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) is a 22-amino-acid peptide produced mainly in the endothelium with potent cardiac unloading and blood pressure lowering actions, but minimal renal actions. Based on our previous knowledge, we recently fused a 6 aa sequence from BNP to the C-terminus and a 5 aa sequence from ANP to the N-terminus of CNP. This novel hybrid peptide, CBA-NP, has cardiac unloading actions and mild hypotensive effects similar to CNP. Importantly however, the N and C terminus alterations resulted in potent renal excretory actions. Here we test the hypothesis that the 3 aa GSM 15-17 in the disulfidering mediate the vascular and hypotensive actions of CBA-NP. We therefore mutated GSM 15-17 to REA 15-17 , which we named ABC-NP and compared its in vivo and in vitro actions to CBA-NP.
Hypothesis: Extra-hepatic acromegaly: a new paradigm? (2010)

Medical treatment of acromegaly with long-acting somatostatin analogs (LA-SMSA) and the GH receptor antagonist, pegvisomant (PEGV), has made it possible to achieve normal serum IGF1 concentrations in a majority of patients with acromegaly. These two compounds, however, impact the GH-IGF1 axis differently, which challenges the traditional biochemical assessment of the therapeutic response. We postulate that LA-SMSA in certain patients normalizes serum IGF1 levels in the presence of elevated GH actions in extra-hepatic tissues. This may result in persistent disease activity for which we propose the term extra-hepatic acromegaly. PEGV, on the other hand, blocks systemic GH actions, which are not necessarily reliably reflected by serum IGF1 levels, and this treatment causes a further elevation of serum GH levels. Medical treatment is therefore difficult to monitor with the traditional biomarkers. Moreover, the different modes of actions of LA-SMSA and PEGV make it attractive to use the two drugs in combination. We believe that it is time to challenge the existing concepts of treatment and monitoring of patients with acromegaly.
Advances in polymer optical interconnects (2005)

Electrical interconnects are reaching their fundamental limits and are becoming the speed bottleneck in data communications. Polymer waveguides with propagation losses below 0.01 dB/cm at 800-900 nm are available, and are enabling practical optical circuit boards. We report on advances in the field of polymer optical interconnects
Practical Autonomous Cyberhealth for resilient Micro, Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (2021)

The EU-funded PALANTIR project proposes a cybersecurity framework combining privacy assurance, data protection, incident detection and recovery aspects under the same platform. The project main focus is on cyber-resilience of SMEs and compliance with the relevant data privacy and protection regulations. The outcomes of the project will be validated in diverse application areas (eHealth, eCommerce, 5G-MEC) and will provide enterprises with security tools that will boost their resilience at a reasonable cost to protect their assets in the ever evolving cyber threat range.
Monte Carlo validation experiments for the gas Cherenkov detectors at the National Ignition Facility and Omega (2013)

The gas Cherenkov detectors at NIF and Omega measure several ICF burn characteristics by detecting multi-MeV nuclear γ emissions from the implosion. Of primary interest are γ bang-time (GBT) and burn width defined as the time between initial laser-plasma interaction and peak in the fusion reaction history and the FWHM of the reaction history respectively. To accurately calculate such parameters the collaboration relies on Monte Carlo codes, such as GEANT4 and ACCEPT, for diagnostic properties that cannot be measured directly. This paper describes a series of experiments performed at the High Intensity γ Source (HIγS) facility at Duke University to validate the geometries and material data used in the Monte Carlo simulations. Results published here show that model-driven parameters such as intensity and temporal response can be used with less than 50% uncertainty for all diagnostics and facilities.
Trajectory analysis and pullout strength of self-centering lumbar pedicle screws (2009)

Self-tapping, self-drilling pedicle screws can redirect themselves to a much greater extent during medial than during lateral misdirection. The cortical wall is more likely to be violated laterally than medially. The strength of straight-ahead and inward trajectories was equivalent.
Liver organ-on-chip models for toxicity studies and risk assessment (2022)

The liver is a key organ that plays a pivotal role in metabolism and ensures a variety of functions in the body, including homeostasis, synthesis of essential components, nutrient storage, and detoxification. As the centre of metabolism for exogenous molecules, the liver is continuously exposed to a wide range of compounds, such as drugs, pesticides, and environmental pollutants. Most of these compounds can cause hepatotoxicity and lead to severe and irreversible liver damage. To study the effects of chemicals and drugs on the liver, most commonly, animal models or <i>in vitro</i> 2D cell cultures are used. However, data obtained from animal models lose their relevance when extrapolated to the human metabolic situation and pose ethical concerns, while 2D static cultures are poorly predictive of human <i>in vivo</i> metabolism and toxicity. As a result, there is a widespread need to develop relevant <i>in vitro</i> liver models for toxicology studies. In recent years, progress in tissue engineering, biomaterials, microfabrication, and cell biology has created opportunities for more relevant <i>in vitro</i> models for toxicology studies. Of these models, the liver organ-on-chip (OoC) has shown promising results by reproducing the <i>in vivo</i> behaviour of the cell/organ or a group of organs, the controlled physiological micro-environment, and <i>in vivo</i> cellular metabolic responses. In this review, we discuss the development of liver organ-on-chip technology and its use in toxicity studies. First, we introduce the physiology of the liver and summarize the traditional experimental models for toxicity studies. We then present liver OoC technology, including the general concept, materials used, cell sources, and different approaches. We review the prominent liver OoC and multi-OoC integrating the liver for drug and chemical toxicity studies. Finally, we conclude with the future challenges and directions for developing or improving liver OoC models.
A four-input beam-forming downconverter for adaptive antennas (2003)

A four-input beam-forming downconverter for adaptive antennas is described. It consists of 2-bit variable gain amplifiers (VGAs), 5-bit local oscillator (LO) signal phase shifters using double RC-bridge circuits, and mixers. The VGAs adjust gain deviation between signal paths. A differential-signal-to-eight-phase-signal converter is employed as a part of the LO phase shifter to reduce the chip size. A maximum phase error of 4.1°, which is less than 1/2 LSB, is achieved. This error value indicates that the required phase shifter accuracy and the necessary isolation between the VGAs has been achieved. This beam-forming IC is applicable to receivers with adaptive antennas, and is expected to help to reduce the costs of adaptive antenna systems.
Disruption of a long-range cis-acting regulator for Shh causes preaxial polydactyly (2002)

Preaxial polydactyly (PPD) is a common limb malformation in human. A number of polydactylous mouse mutants indicate that misexpression of Shh is a common requirement for generating extra digits. Here we identify a translocation breakpoint in a PPD patient and a transgenic insertion site in the polydactylous mouse mutant sasquatch (Ssq). The genetic lesions in both lie within the same respective intron of the LMBR1/Lmbr1 gene, which resides approximately 1 Mb away from Shh. Genetic analysis of Ssq reveals that the Lmbr1 gene is incidental to the phenotype and that the mutation directly interrupts a cis-acting regulator of Shh. This regulator is most likely the target for generating PPD mutations in human.
Learning to Separate Object Sounds by Watching Unlabeled Video (2018)

Perceiving a scene most fully requires all the senses. Yet modeling how objects look and sound is challenging: most natural scenes and events contain multiple objects, and the audio track mixes all the sound sources together. We propose to learn audio-visual object models from unlabeled video, then exploit the visual context to perform audio source separation in novel videos. Our approach relies on a deep multi-instance multi-label learning framework to disentangle the audio frequency bases that map to individual visual objects, even without observing/hearing those objects in isolation. We show how the recovered disentangled bases can be used to guide audio source separation to obtain better-separated, object-level sounds. Our work is the first to learn audio source separation from large-scale "in the wild" videos containing multiple audio sources per video. We obtain state-of-the-art results on visually-aided audio source separation and audio denoising. Our video results: http://vision.cs.utexas.edu/projects/separating_object_sounds/
Early detection of depressive symptoms during treatment with pegylated interferon alpha-2b and ribavirin in euthymic patients with chronic hepatitis C. (2006)

info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Non-human primate model of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection. (2009)

Since Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV or human herpesvirus 8) was first identified in Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) lesions of HIV-infected individuals with AIDS, the basic biological understanding of KSHV has progressed remarkably. However, the absence of a proper animal model for KSHV continues to impede direct in vivo studies of viral replication, persistence, and pathogenesis. In response to this need for an animal model of KSHV infection, we have explored whether common marmosets can be experimentally infected with human KSHV. Here, we report the successful zoonotic transmission of KSHV into common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus, Cj), a New World primate. Marmosets infected with recombinant KSHV rapidly seroconverted and maintained a vigorous anti-KSHV antibody response. KSHV DNA and latent nuclear antigen (LANA) were readily detected in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and various tissues of infected marmosets. Remarkably, one orally infected marmoset developed a KS-like skin lesion with the characteristic infiltration of leukocytes by spindle cells positive for KSHV DNA and proteins. These results demonstrate that human KSHV infects common marmosets, establishes an efficient persistent infection, and occasionally leads to a KS-like skin lesion. This is the first animal model to significantly elaborate the important aspects of KSHV infection in humans and will aid in the future design of vaccines against KSHV and anti-viral therapies targeting KSHV coinfected tumor cells. PMID: 19798430 Funding information This work was supported by: NCRR NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: RR00168 NIDCR NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: DE019085 NCI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: CA31363 NCI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: CA115284 NCI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: CA082057
Crystal growth and optical properties of new neutron detectors Ce/sup 3+/:Li/sub 6/Gd(Y)(BO/sub 3/)/sub 3/ (2002)

An efficient new scintillator that contains lithium, gadolinium and boron, all three of which possess large neutron capture cross section isotopes for highly exothermic reactions has been recently developed. The homologous yttrium material was also investigated. These compounds of composition Li/sub 6/Gd(Y)(BO/sub 3/)/sub 3/ can be activated by Ce/sup 3+/. The synthesis of powders was carried out by high temperature solid state reaction from the starting materials LiOH, H/sub 2/O, H/sub 3/BO/sub 3/, Gd/sub 2/O/sub 3/ or Y/sub 2/O/sub 3/ and Ce(NO/sub 3/)/sub 3/, 6H/sub 2/O of purity ?99.99%, under a flow of Argon/H/sub 2/ (5%). Under UV excitation they show a broadband emission peaking at 390 nm. The gadolinium emission lies near the maximum of a 4 f-5 d Ce/sup 3+/ absorption band, so efficient Gd/sup 3+/-Ce/sup 3+/ transfer occurs. Ce/sub 3+/:Li/sub 6/Gd(Y)(BO/sub 3/)/sub 3/ crystals were grown by the Czochralski method in a resistance heating furnace using a conical vitreous carbon crucible of 150 cm/sup 3/ under deoxygenated pure argon. Monocrystalline boules as large as 3 cm diameter, 6 cm length have been obtained. The interest of these new materials is the high scintillation efficiency-as much as six times that of Li-glass scintillators for the Gd material. Moreover these scintillators offer the ability to tailor their response to the neutron spectrum by varying the isotopic composition of the key constituents (lithium, gadolinium (yttrium), boron).
A multi-spectral dark-field reflectance microscope for tumor margin delineation during breast lumpectomy (2009)

Infiltrating neoplastic epithelia induce ultra-structure changes in tissue providing an intrinsic contrast in terms of their local light scattering response. Imaging systems that can enhance this contrast allow for better visualization of tumor boundaries and thus have enormous potential in guiding complex surgical procedures like breast lumpectomy. Highly localized reflectance measurement probes can quantify scattering changes in tissues in situ, but in order to be useful in surgical settings these techniques require an extension to imaging. A novel microsampling reflectance imaging system has been developed to allow rapid quantitative imaging of ultra-structure associated scattering changes in tissues in situ. The imaging system is described in terms of its design, construction and testing for multi-wavelength, telecentric, darkfield illumination and confocal spectroscopic detection, with imaging fields of up to 1.5 cm &times; 1.5 cm at 100 microns resolution. Spatial confinement of the incident and detected light allows for direct sampling of the scattering spectrum in tissues in situ and the telecentric design ensures consistent sampling of the scattering phase function throughout the entire imaging field. The imaging system was modeled and optimized using the ZEMAX optical design software. Description of the design and results from the optimization process are presented.
Variable expression of activation‐linked surface antigens on human mast cells in health and disease (2001)

Mast cells (MC) are multipotent effector cells of the immune system. They contain an array of biologically active mediator substances in their granules. MC also express a number of functionally important cell surface antigens, including stem cell factor receptor (SCFR=kit=CD117), high affinity IgER (FcepsilonRI), or CSaR (CD88). Respective ligands can induce or promote degranulation, migration, or cytokine production. Other integral surface molecules can mediate adhesion or cell aggregation. Recent data suggest that a number of critical molecules are variably expressed on the surface of human MC. In fact, depending on the environment (organ), stage of cell maturation, type of disease, and other factors, MC express variable amounts of activation-linked antigens (CD25, CD63, CD69, CD88), cell recognition molecules (CD2, CD11, CD18, CD50, CD54), or cytokine receptors. At present, however, little is known about the mechanisms and regulation of expression of such antigens. The present article gives an overview of MC phenotypes in health and disease, and attempts to provide explanations for the phenotypic variability of MC.
Nanosilk Reduces Pressure Ulcer Formation (2019)

Hilton, Sarah A. MD; Dewberry, Lindel K. MD; Hu, Junyi MD; Xu, Junwang PhD; Seal, Sudipta PhD; Liechty, Kenneth W. MD, FACS; Zgheib, Carlos PhD Author Information
Penetration of liquid droplets into hydrophobic fibrous materials under enhanced gravity (2019)

In this paper, experimental and numerical simulations were devised to study and formulate the force required for forcing a droplet to penetrate into a thin nonwetting fibrous structure. Due to the complexity of the problem at hand, we considered only thin fibrous structures comprised of parallel or orthogonally layered fibers. The experiments were conducted using ferrofluid droplets placed on electrospun polystyrene fibrous coatings. A permanent magnet was used to apply a body force to the droplets from below, and the assembly was placed on a sensitive scale for measuring the applied force. Numerical simulations were conducted using the Surface Evolver finite element code validated through comparison with dedicated experimental results. We studied how the force needed to initiate droplet spontaneous penetration into a thin fibrous coating varies with varying the volume of the droplet or the geometric properties of the coating. Using a combination of simulation results and experimental observations, easy-to-use but approximate expressions were derived and used to predict the force required to initiate droplet spontaneous penetration into the above-mentioned fibrous material. These analytical expressions allow one to circumvent the need for running a numerical simulation for each and every droplet–coating combination of interest and thereby expand the application of our work to conditions different from those considered here.