gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Solubility and absorption rate enhancement of CO2in K2CO3 (2015)

The influence of addition of 2-(1-piperazinyl)-ethylamine (as a promoter) on the solubility and absorption rate of carbon dioxide (CO2) in aqueous potassium carbonate solution (as a main solvent) was investigated experimentally, using a vapor liquid equilibrium (VLE) equipment in temperatures from 303.15 to 323.15 K and CO2 initial partial pressures between 25 and 75 kPa. The experimental data showed that the addition of 2-(1-piperazinyl)-ethylamine to potassium carbonate solution results in a significant enhancement in the solubility and absorption rate of CO2. The response surface methodology was applied to explore the relationship between independent parameters on the CO2 loading capacity of blended solution.
Enhanced Self-Assembly of Pyridine-Capped CdSe Nanocrystals on Individual Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2005)

We present a simple, noncovalent method for anchoring CdSe quantum dots (QDs) onto individual single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) through a ligand-exchange approach. Trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO)-capped CdSe quantum dots were prepared, and the cap was then exchanged for pyridine (Py). It was found that the pyridine-capped quantum dots assembled much more effectively onto the SWNTs compared to the original TOPO-capped quantum dots. The density of the coverage of the quantum dots on the nanotubes was controlled through varying the concentration of the quantum dot solution and the reaction time. Spectroscopic studies indicated that the favorable formation of (Py-QD)−SWNT conjugates resulted from the π−π stacking interaction between the electron-rich SWNTs and the aromatic pyridine-capped quantum dots. Furthermore, the photoluminescence quenching of the quantum dots due to their interaction with the nanotubes suggests that the electron transfer from the quantum dots to the nanotubes was enhanced by using the pyridine cap.
Summary Abstract: Oxidation of CuInSe2 (1983)

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Nanomaterials in Lubricants: An Industrial Perspective on Current Research (2013)

This paper presents an overview on the use of various classes of nanomaterials in lubricant formulations. The following classes of nanomaterials are considered: fullerenes, nanodiamonds, ultradispersed boric acid and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). Current advances in using nanomaterials in engine oils, industrial lubricants and greases are discussed. Results of numerous studies combined with formulation experience of the authors strongly suggest that nanomaterials do indeed have potential for enhancing certain lubricant properties, yet there is a long way to go before balanced formulations are developed.
DNase I Footprinting (2013)

DNase I footprinting has found a wide following for both identifying and characterizing DNA–protein interactions, particularly because of its simplicity. The concept is that a partial digestion by DNase I of a uniquely 32 P-end-labeled fragment will generate a ladder of fragments, whose mobilities on a denaturing acrylamide gel and whose positions in a subsequent autoradiograph will represent the distance from the end label to the points of cleavage. Bound protein prevents binding of DNase I in and around its binding site and thus generates a “footprint” in the cleavage ladder. The distance from the end label to the edges of the footprint represents the position of the protein-binding site on the DNA fragment. The position of the binding site can be determined by electrophoresing a DNA sequencing ladder alongside the footprint. DNase I cannot bind directly adjacent to a DNA-bound protein because of steric hindrance. Hence, the footprint gives a broad indication of the binding site, generally 8–10 base pairs (bp) larger than the site itself.
miR-181b is a biomarker of disease progression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (2011)

MicroRNAs play a crucial role in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. We investigated whether microRNAs can discriminate patients with a progressive disease from patients with a stable disease. We analyzed microRNA expression on leukemic cells isolated from 358 sequential samples of 114 patients with either stable or progressive disease. We found that during the course of the disease the expression values of miR-181b, the most dysregulated microRNA, decreased in samples of patients with a progressive (P < .001, training and validation sets) but not in samples of patients with a stable disease (P = .3, training set; P = .2, validation set) over time. A drop of ≥ 50% between sequential samples and/or a miR-181b value ≤ 0.005 at the starting time point were significant to differentiate progressive from stable disease (P = .004, training set; P < .001, validation set). These parameters were associated with high risk of requiring treatment (risk ratio, 5.8; 95% confidence interval, 2.5-14.9). We also observed that miR-181b targets Mcl-1 protein and that the decrease of its expression inversely correlated with increased protein levels of MCL1 and BCL2 target genes. We conclude that parameters defined on the basis of the miR-181b expression values specify disease progression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and are associated with clinical outcome.
Interpopulation Variation Frequency of Human Inosine 5′-Monophosphate Dehydrogenase Type II ( IMPDH2 ) Genetic Polymorphisms (2008)

Inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase type II (IMPDH2) is the target for immunosuppression by mycophenolic acid and has been linked to resistance of tumor cells to chemotherapy. Determining the frequency of IMPDH2 genetic polymorphisms can inform the design of clinical studies investigating the impact of IMPDH2 genetic variability on both cancer therapy and immunosuppression. Frequencies of three IMPDH2 polymorphisms (rs4974081, rs5848860, and rs11557540) in >400 DNA samples from four different racial/ethnic groups (Caucasian, African American, Hispanic, and Asian populations) were characterized by the pyrosequencing genotyping method. For rs5848860 1591 CTT/- (500 G/EG) and rs11557540 1345 A/G (418 D/G), we did not observe any variant alleles in all DNA samples from these populations, which suggests that these variants could simply be sequencing errors rather than real polymorphisms. The observed frequency of the 5'-upstream single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs4974081 A/G was similar to that previously reported in the NCBI databank (dbSNP). An in silico functional analysis using FASTSNP predicts that this promoter SNP rs4974081 (-3624 A/G) could be a potential transcription factor binding site. This finding suggests that rs4974081 could be a good candidate SNP for association studies with immunosuppressive and chemotherapeutic therapy outcomes.
A two-stage model for content determination (2001)

In this paper we describe a two-stage model for content determination in systems that summarise time series data. The first stage involves building a qualitative overview of the data set, and the second involves using this overview, together with the actual data, to produce summaries of the time-series data. This model is based on our observations of how human experts summarise time-series data.
Supplementary Figure 2B from Molecular Triage of Premalignant Lesions in Liquid-Based Cervical Cytology and Circulating Cell-Free DNA from Urine, Using a Panel of Methylated Human Papilloma Virus and Host Genes (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Pre- and Post-Capture HPV qPCR results for five TrDNA samples together with HeLa genomic control (dark blue) and No DNA controls (purple).&lt;/p&gt;
Unsupervised Learning for Pilot-free Transmission in 3GPP MIMO Systems (2023)

Reference signals overhead reduction has recently evolved as an effective solution for improving the system spectral efficiency. This paper introduces a new downlink data structure that is free from demodulation reference signals (DM-RS), and hence does not require any channel estimation at the receiver. The new proposed data transmission structure involves a simple repetition step of part of the user data across the different sub-bands. Exploiting the repetition structure at the user side, it is shown that reliable recovery is possible via canonical correlation analysis. This paper also proposes two effective mechanisms for boosting the CCA performance in OFDM systems; one for repetition pattern selection and another to deal with the severe frequency selectivity issues. The proposed approach exhibits favorable complexity-performance tradeoff, rendering it appealing for practical implementation. Numerical results, using a 3GPP link-level testbench, demonstrate the superiority of the proposed approach relative to the state-of-the-art methods.
Dry Powder PA-824 Aerosols for Treatment of Tuberculosis in Guinea Pigs (2010)

Novel treatments for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB), or latent TB are needed urgently. Recently, we reported the formulation and characterization of the nitroimidazo-oxazine PA-824 for efficient aerosol delivery as dry powder porous particles and the subsequent disposition in guinea pigs after pulmonary administration. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of these PA-824 therapeutic aerosols on the extent of TB infection in the low-inoculum aerosol infection guinea pig model. Four weeks after infection by the pulmonary route, animals received daily treatment for 4 weeks of either a high or a low dose of PA-824 dry powder aerosol. Animals received PA-824 cyclodextrin/lecithin suspensions orally as positive controls, and those receiving placebo particles or no treatment were negative controls. The lungs and spleens of animals receiving the high dose of inhaled PA-824 particles exhibited a lower degree of inflammation (indicated by wet tissue weights), bacterial burden, and tissue damage (indicated by histopathology) than those of untreated or placebo animals. Treatment with oral PA-824 cyclodextrin/lecithin suspension resulted in a more significant reduction in the bacterial burden of lungs and spleen, consistent with a dose that was larger than inhaled doses (eight times the inhaled low dose and four times the inhaled high dose). However, histopathological analysis revealed that the extent of tissue damage was comparable in groups receiving the oral or either inhaled dose. The present studies indicate the potential use of PA-824 dry powder aerosols in the treatment of TB.
AIDA: an adaptive image deconvolution algorithm with application to multi-frame and three-dimensional data (2007)

We describe an adaptive image deconvolution algorithm (AIDA) for myopic deconvolution of multi-frame and three-dimensional data acquired through astronomical and microscopic imaging. AIDA is a reimplementation and extension of the MISTRAL method developed by Mugnier and co-workers and shown to yield object reconstructions with excellent edge preservation and photometric precision [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A21, 1841 (2004)]. Written in Numerical Python with calls to a robust constrained conjugate gradient method, AIDA has significantly improved run times over the original MISTRAL implementation. Included in AIDA is a scheme to automatically balance maximum-likelihood estimation and object regularization, which significantly decreases the amount of time and effort needed to generate satisfactory reconstructions. We validated AIDA using synthetic data spanning a broad range of signal-to-noise ratios and image types and demonstrated the algorithm to be effective for experimental data from adaptive optics-equipped telescope systems and wide-field microscopy.
Backscattering Interferometry: An Alternative Approach for the Study of Hydrogen Bonding Interactions in Organic Solvents (2011)

Intermolecular interactions involving hydrogen bonds are responsible for catalysis and recognition. Traditional methods used to study hydrogen-bonding interactions are generally limited to relatively large volumes and high substrate concentrations. Backscattering Interferometry (BSI) provides a microfluidic platform to study these interactions in nonaqueous media at micromolar to nanomolar concentrations in picoliter volumes by monitoring changes in the refractive index.
Synthesis, Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Activity, and Receptor Binding of Chicken Hypothalamic Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone* (1983)

Chicken hypothalamic LHRH, which was recently structurally characterized, was synthesized by solid-phase methodology, characterized, and tested for LH-releasing activity using anterior pituitary cells from chickens and sheep, as well as for binding to chicken and rat anterior pituitary membrane receptors. Synthetic chicken LHRH exhibited identical properties to the isolated natural chicken LHRH in several chromatographic systems. Synthetic chicken LHRH displayed identical activity to natural chicken LHRH in stimulating LH release from dispersed chicken anterior pituitary cells, and synthetic mammalian LHRH was equipotent in this system. Both the natural and synthetic chicken peptides had similar low potency in stimulating LH release from cultured ovine anterior pituitary cells (approximately 1% of the potency of synthetic mammalian LHRH). The ED50 of binding to rat anterior pituitary membrane receptors was 2.5 X 10(-6) M for synthetic chicken LHRH, compared to 6.3 X 10(-8) M for synthetic mammalian LHRH.
Multi-Trait Analysis of GWAS and Biological Insights Into Cognition: A Response to Hill (2018) (2018)

Hill (Twin Research and Human Genetics, Vol. 21, 2018, 84-88) presented a critique of our recently published paper in Cell Reports entitled 'Large-Scale Cognitive GWAS Meta-Analysis Reveals Tissue-Specific Neural Expression and Potential Nootropic Drug Targets' (Lam et al., Cell Reports, Vol. 21, 2017, 2597-2613). Specifically, Hill offered several interrelated comments suggesting potential problems with our use of a new analytic method called Multi-Trait Analysis of GWAS (MTAG) (Turley et al., Nature Genetics, Vol. 50, 2018, 229-237). In this brief article, we respond to each of these concerns. Using empirical data, we conclude that our MTAG results do not suffer from 'inflation in the FDR [false discovery rate]', as suggested by Hill (Twin Research and Human Genetics, Vol. 21, 2018, 84-88), and are not 'more relevant to the genetic contributions to education than they are to the genetic contributions to intelligence'.
Empirical mode decomposition analysis of alcohol withdrawal tremor signals (2016)

In this paper, we have introduced a novel method to extract involuntary tremor movement activity in patients with Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome (AWS). Using the Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD), we show that the variations of energy of the tremor and voluntary activity can be distinguished in different Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMF) of the recorded tremor signals. To measure the performance of our method in extracting the tremor activity and eventually developing a shortened, more objective AWS assessment tool, we compared the electronic tremor assessment employing our new technique with the consensus rating from 3 expert physicians on a 7-point scale. Based on a 3-fold cross-validation on 104 recordings from 64 patients with AW, we found that our proposed method achieves an average Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) of 0.71 with respect to the consensus rating, a significant improvement over prior work.
Effects of Electrons, Protons, and Ultraviolet Radiation on Thermophysical Properties of Polymeric Films (2001)

The response of coated thin polymer films to ultraviolet (UV), electron and proton radiation simultaneously has been evaluated, with selected measurements in situ. Exposure was intended to simulate the electron and proton radiation environment near the Earth-Sun Lagrangian points (LI and L2) for five years and approximately 1000 equivalent solar hours (ESH) UV. These orbital environments are relevant to several potential missions such as the Next Generation Space Telescope and Geomagnetic Storm Warning, both of which may use thin film based structures for a sunshade and solar sail, respectively. The thin film candidates (12.5 micrometers thick) consisted of commercially available materials (Kapton(R) E, HN, Upilex(R) S, CP-1, CP-2, TOR-RC, and TOR-LMBP) that were metalized on one side with vapor deposited aluminum. All of the films are aromatic polyimides, with the exception of TORLMBP, which is a copoly(arylene ether benzimidazole). The films were exposed as second surface mirrors and the effects of the exposure on solar absorptance, thermal emittance, and tensile properties were determined. The in situ changes in solar absorptance from Kapton(R) and Upilex(R) were less than 0. 1, whereas the solar absorptance of TOR and CP films increased by more than 0.3 without saturating. The thermal emittance measurements also showed that the Kapton(R) and Upilex(R) materials increased only 1-2%, but the remaining materials increased 5-8%. Based on tensile property measurements made in air following the test, the failure stress of every type of polymer film decreased as a result of irradiation. The polymers most stable in reflectance, namely Upilex(R) and Kapton(R), were also the strongest in tension before irradiation, and they retained the greatest percentage of tensile strength. The films less stable in reflectance were also weaker in tension, and lost more tensile strength as a result of irradiation. The apparent failure strain (as a percent of original gage length) of every type of polymer film except TOR-RC, decreased as a result of irradiation.
Atomic Layer Deposition of Fe2O3 Using Ferrocene and Ozone (2011)

Growing interest in Fe2O3 as a light harvesting layer in solar energy conversion devices stems from its unique combination of stability, nontoxicity, and exceptionally low material cost. Unfortunately, the known methods for conformally coating high aspect ratio structures with Fe2O3 leave a glaring gap in the technologically relevant temperature range of 170−350 °C. Here, we elucidate a self-limiting atomic layer deposition (ALD) process for the growth of hematite, α-Fe2O3, over a moderate temperature window using ferrocene and ozone. At 200 °C, the self-limiting growth of Fe2O3 is observed at rates up to 1.4 Å/cycle. Dense and robust thin films grown on both fused quartz and silicon exhibit the expected optical bandgap (2.1 eV). In situ mass spectrometric analysis reveals the evolution of two distinct cyclic reaction products during the layer-by-layer growth. The readily available and relatively high vapor pressure iron precursor is utilized to uniformly coat a high surface area template with aspect ratio ∼150.
Harmonic Band Spectrum Analysis of Backscattered Ultrasound from Lesioned and Normal Tissue (2006)

HIFU dose curves (lesion size vs. exposure parameters) exhibit scatter because of local variations in the acoustic properties of tissue. Therefore, clinical applications of HIFU, such as cardiac and cancer ablation, will benefit from the ability to distinguish treated from normal tissue, which can provide the surgeon with lesion monitoring. However, HIFU lesions, especially protein‐denaturing lesions (PDLs), may be difficult to visualize with conventional B‐mode ultrasound. In this study, spectrum analysis of backscattered radiofrequency (RF) ultrasound was successful in imaging lesions. HIFU lesions were formed at 5 MHz for various intensities and durations in model tissues including degassed chicken breast in vitro, fresh rabbit liver ex vivo, and canine cardiac left ventricle in vivo. The tissues were scanned pre‐ and post‐exposure using confocal array and single‐element diagnostic probes incorporated into the HIFU transducer assembly. The diagnostic probes were excited with a monocycle pulse under conditions previously shown to generate a second harmonic comparable in amplitude to the fundamental, and RF echo‐signal data were recorded. In an alternate set, the therapy and diagnostic transducers were operated pitch‐catch, with the therapy transducer sending out a series of 0.4 ms pulses and the diagnostic transducer in passive receive mode. Spectrum analysis of the RF data was performed separately on first (fundamental) and second harmonic frequency bands. Linear regression fits to spectra computed for sliding regions‐of‐interest yielded 3 parameters: midband fit (integrated backscatter), y‐intercept and slope; grayscale images were produced for each parameter. Differences among the B‐mode and parameter images, and between the lesion site and adjacent untreated tissues, were characterized statistically. The results indicate that midband fit images of both the fundamental and harmonic offer improved contrast and lateral resolution compared to conventional images. PDLs and bubbly lesions that are not clearly visible in B‐mode images can be imaged with harmonic band spectrum analysis.
Electrostatic Mechanisms of DNA Deformation (2000)

The genomes of higher cells consist of double-helical DNA, a densely charged polyelectrolyte of immense length. The intrinsic physical properties of DNA, as well as the properties of its complexes with proteins and ions, are therefore of fundamental interest in understanding the functions of DNA as an informational macromolecule. Because individual DNA molecules often exceed 1 cm in length, it is clear that DNA bending, folding, and interaction with nuclear proteins are necessary for packaging genomes in small volumes and for integrating the nucleotide sequence information that guides genetic readout. This review first focuses on recent experiments exploring how the shape of the densely charged DNA polymer and asymmetries in its surrounding counterion distribution mutually influence one another. Attention is then turned to experiments seeking to discover the degree to which asymmetric phosphate neutralization can lead to DNA bending in protein-DNA complexes. It is argued that electrostatic effects play crucial roles in the intrinsic, sequence-dependent shape of DNA and in DNA shapes induced by protein binding.
Outgoing multiphonon resonant Raman scattering and luminescence in Be- and C-implanted GaN (2002)

We have performed outgoing resonant Raman scattering and photoluminescence measurements on as-grown, Be- and C-implanted GaN in the temperature range of 77–330 K. In implanted GaN after postimplantation annealing at 1100 °C, the A1(LO) multiphonons up to the seventh order were observed with the very strong four longitudinal optical (LO) and five LO modes at ∼2955 and ∼3690 cm−1, respectively, showing extraordinary resonance behavior. With the sample temperature, these two modes significantly decreased and increased in intensity, respectively. The phenomenon is attributed to the variation of resonant conditions due to the shift of the band gap energy. Meanwhile, the combination of E2(high) and quasi-LO phonons was strongly enhanced by quasi-LO phonon involvement and thus the corresponding overtones can be clearly observed even up to the sixth order (m=6). The mechanisms that such strong outgoing multiphonon resonance Raman scattering occurred to implanted GaN instead of high-quality as-grown GaN samples can be attributed to the strong Frohlich-induced scattering by LO phonons and exciton-mediated resonant Raman scattering with impurity inducement.
Reduction of the radiation in radioactive substances (2020)

The radioactivity reduction of a system containing Ni-63 radioactive nuclei after an appropriate ultrasound treatment in an apparatus designed on purpose is reported. The application of ultrasounds for 200 s resulted in the partial disappearance of about 13% of the radioactive Ni-63 nuclei and the appearance of nonradioactive elements. The formation of new elements, not belonging to the decay chain of Nickel-63, is a strong issue where strong nuclear reactions transform Nickel into different elements rather than the usual weak interaction, responsible for the decay, which is accelerated. This way, the time necessary to halve the intensity is shortened by about 20 years, without altering the Ni-63 decay constant, which is [Formula: see text] years. Two cases producing similar effects in other radioactive systems after ultrasound treatment are described in the literature and support this finding, which is not forecast by the commonly accepted theories. A theory able to explain these and other results is also reported.