gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multimodal Characterization of Crystal Structure and Formation in Rubrene Thin Films Reveals Erasure of Orientational Discontinuities (2023)

Abstract Multimodal multiscale characterization provide opportunities to study organic semiconducting thin films with multiple length scales, across multiple platforms, to elucidate crystallization mechanisms of the various microstructures that impact functionality. With polarized scanning transmission X‐ray and 4D‐scanning transmission electron microscopy, hybrid crystalline structures in rubrene thin films in which large crystalline domains surround a common nucleus and transition to a spherulite morphology at larger radii is observed. These high‐resolution techniques reveal how azimuthal orientational discontinuities at smaller radii are erased as spherulite morphology takes hold. In situ crystallization in the films with optical microscopy is also captured, discovering the importance of considering the initial temperature increase of a film during thermal annealing over the crystallization timescale. This kinetic information of the radial crystallization rate and of corresponding film heating kinetics is used to estimate the temperature at which the larger crystalline regions transition into a spherulite. By combining the results obtained from the different characterization modes, it is learned that thermal conditions can sensitively affect the crystallization of rubrene and other organic thin films. The observations suggest opportunities for more complex temperature‐dependent processing to maximize hybrid structures’ functionality in organic thin films and demonstrate that multimodal studies deepen the understanding of structure‐function dynamics.
Enhancement of coercive force in NiFe/FeRh-Ir bilayers grown on vicinal MgO[001] surfaces (1999)

Observations of enhanced coercive force in NiFe films exchange coupled with FeRh-Ir ordered alloy antiferromagnets epitaxially grown on MgO vicinal surfaces are reported. For NiFe thickness near 2.5 nm and miscut angle of 11.3 degrees the coercive force was increased by approx. 40% with respect to the flat NiFe/FeRh-Ir interface. The exact mechanism of this enhancement is not completely understood. However, it seems related to an increased number of pinning centers at the stepped interface. In addition to this effect we could also detect a usual step-induced uniaxial anisotropy. However, the effect of this uniaxial anisotropy on the coercive force was much weaker than the enhancement due to the steps at the NiFe/FeRh-Ir interface.
Discussion on Migrants from Reservoir and Envrionemntal Capacity——A Basis for Area Choosen for the Arrangement of Migrants from Reservoir (2007)

The paper argues that the arrangement for migrants from reservoir should follow the principle of appropriate environment capacity.This is,under the situation that neither ecological balance can be harmed,nor non-renewable resources that can be rationally utilized can be exhausted,the regional resources can provide for the needs of the populations steadily for a long time.The paper straightens out some theoretical branches of Pessimistic Theory of Resource Limitation and Optimistic Theory of Technological Advance;and finally obtains a system that contributes to china's migrants from reservoir,ensures the favorable spiral of natural ecology,smoothly recruits and provides for the needs of migrants from reservori continually.
DeNOx of Exhaust Gas from Lean-Burn Engines through Reversible Adsorption of N2O3 in Alkali Metal Cation Exchanged Faujasite-Type Zeolites (2000)

NO and NO2 associated as the asymmetric N2O3 conformer compete with water molecules for coordination with sodium cations of the sodium–water clusters in supercages of the Na-Y zeolite. This reactive NOx adsorption is reversible (see picture), not sensitive to SO2, and presents an alternative method for the removal of NOx from lean-burn exhaust gas without the formation of surface nitrates.
Musashi-2 controls cell fate, lineage bias, and TGF-β signaling in HSCs (2014)

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are maintained through the regulation of symmetric and asymmetric cell division. We report that conditional ablation of the RNA-binding protein Msi2 results in a failure of HSC maintenance and engraftment caused by a loss of quiescence and increased commitment divisions. Contrary to previous studies, we found that these phenotypes were independent of Numb. Global transcriptome profiling and RNA target analysis uncovered Msi2 interactions at multiple nodes within pathways that govern RNA translation, stem cell function, and TGF-β signaling. Msi2-null HSCs are insensitive to TGF-β-mediated expansion and have decreased signaling output, resulting in a loss of myeloid-restricted HSCs and myeloid reconstitution. Thus, Msi2 is an important regulator of the HSC translatome and balances HSC homeostasis and lineage bias.
Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of braze joints in Ti-13.4Al-21.2Nb (1997)

Braze joints in Ti-13.4Al-21.2Nb were made using several filler metal compositions based upon the Ti-Cu-Ni ternary system. Specimens were vacuum brazed, using filler metal preplaced between bonding surfaces. Two types of braze foil, one produced by rapid solidification techniques and one formed by a roll bonding process, were examined. Mechanical test results indicated that substantial differences in braze joint strength could be obtained from specimens prepared using foil manufactured by the two different processes. Specifically, for the higher alloyed composition, a laminated foil produced joints with lower room temperature tensile strength compared to its rapidly solidified counterpart. Specimens prepared using laminated foil typically failed through the braze joint and had low strength. This behavior was related to the presence of an increased amount of centerline alpha-two phase in the braze joints made using the laminated filler metals. The formation of this microstructural feature was influenced by segregation of the filler metal alloying elements, nickel and copper. Braze joints prepared using laminated foils exhibited higher levels of segregation, even after long hold times at the brazing temperature, than joints made using rapidly solidified foil.
Evaluating energy mechanisms for routing in wireless sensor networks (2005)

Sensor networks are often characterized by their large number of nodes that usually uses wireless communication, widely spread over sizeable geographical areas to monitor the environment. Considering their limited processing, memory and energy capacities, it becomes necessary for support mechanisms to ensure the rational use of their resources. It is in this context that we examine routing protocols, and show how these can be energy conscious by avoiding nodes with less spare energy. This work presents a family of protocols; we refer to as OPER (on-demand power-efficient routing), which seeks to save node energy by evaluating the energy consumption impact of a given route. The conducted simulations show that OPER outperforms other algorithms that are evaluated. (8 pages)
Chemical post-treatment and thermoelectric properties of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxylthiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) thin films (2014)

We report on the modification of the thermoelectric properties of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxylthiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) thin films by means of a simple post treatment of the solid thin films realized by drop-coating. We show that the organic polar solvents, dimethyl sulfoxide and ethylene glycol as secondary dopants for PEDOT:PSS, only affect the film morphology for which a high electrical conductivity is observed. In contrast, ethanolamine (MEA) and ammonia solutions are reduction agents that improve the density of PEDOT chains in the reduced forms (polaron and neutral states), resulting in the trade-off between Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity. Furthermore, we show that the nature of amines determines the reduction degree: the nitrogen lone pair electrons in MEA are easier to be donated than those in ammonia solution and will therefore neutralize the PEDOT chains.
Robust and probabilistic optimization of dose schedules in radiotherapy (2015)

We consider the effects of parameter uncertainty on the optimal radiation schedule in the context of the linear-quadratic model. Our interest arises from the observation that if inter-patient variations in OAR and tumor sensitivities to radiation or sparing factor of the OAR are not accounted for during radiation scheduling, the performance of the therapy may be strongly degraded or the OAR may receive a substantially larger dose than the maximum threshold. This paper proposes two radiation scheduling concepts to incorporate inter-patient variability into the scheduling optimization problem. The first approach is a robust formulation that formulates the problem as a conservative model that optimizes the worst case dose scheduling that may occur. The second method is a probabilistic approach, where the model parameters are given by a set of random variables. This formulation insures that our constraints are satisfied with a given probability, and that our objective function achieves a desired level with a stated probability. We used a transformation to reduce the resulting optimization problem to two dimensions. We showed that the optimal solution lies on the boundary of the feasible region and we used a branch and bound algorithm to find the global optimal solution. We observed that if the number of fractions in the optimal conventional schedule is the same as the robust and stochastic solutions, it is preferable to administer equal or smaller total dose. In addition if there exist more (fewer) treatment sessions in the probabilistic or robust solution compared to the conventional schedule, a reduction in total dose squared (total dose) will be expected. Finally, we performed numerical experiments in the setting of head-and-neck tumors to reveal the effect of parameter uncertainty on optimal schedules and to evaluate the sensitivity of the model to the choice of key model parameters.
High-quality AlGaN/GaN superlattices for near- and mid-infrared intersubband transitions (2012)

A pulsed layer-by-layer deposition (PLLD) technique possessing triple growth rates compared to conventional growth techniques is developed by metal−organic chemical vapor deposition to realize high-quality high-aluminum content ordered AlXGa(1−X)N (0.5 &amp;lt; X). X-ray diffraction, photoluminescence, and transmission measurements are employed to demonstrate control over aluminum content, structural uniformity, and optical quality in the ordered AlXGa(1−X)N. To show the feasibility of device applications, AlXGa(1−X)N as barrier and GaN as well are employed in superlattices demonstrating intersubband transitions in the infrared regime. Effects of well width and barrier aluminum content on the intersubband absorption characteristics are reported.
A new photonic bandgap fibre with extended triangular lattice and capillary core (2005)

We present a PBGF composed of an extended-triangular-lattice cladding and a capillary core, which potentially have wide bandgaps without interface modes. A manufactured fibre exhibits a transmission range from 1520 nm to over 2100 nm. (2 pages)
Expression of aminopeptidase N and dipeptidyl peptidase IV in the healthy and asthmatic bronchus (1998)

We conclude that expression of aminopeptidase N and dipeptidyl peptidase IV is restricted to specific sites within the human bronchus. Furthermore, in the bronchial epithelium of allergic asthmatics an increased number of aminopeptidase N-expressing dendritic cells and eosinophils can be found.
Four pillars are required to support a successful biocontrol fungus (2023)

Despite biocontrol conceptually being a useful way to control specific pests, there are very few products that are used beyond the glasshouse level, into the field. Only if organisms meet four criteria (four pillars) will they be widely used in the field to replace or augment conventional agrichemicals. (i) The virulence of the biocontrol agent must be enhanced to overcome evolutionary barriers either by mixing with synergistic chemicals or with one or more organisms, and/or by mutagenic or transgenic enhancing of virulence of the biocontrol fungus. (ii) Inoculum production must be cost-effective; many inocula are produced by expensive, labour-intensive solid-phase fermentation. (iii) Inocula must be formulated both to have long shelf life of inocula as well as being formulated to establish on, and control the target pest. Usually spores are formulated, while chopped mycelia from liquid culture are cheaper to produce and are immediately active upon application. (iv) After fulfilling these three criteria, the product must be biosafe: not produce mammalian toxins that affect users and consumers, and have a host range that does not include crops and beneficial organisms, and in most cases that it will not spread from application sites or have environmental residues beyond those needed to control the target pest. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Joint Transmit and Circuit Power Minimization in Massive MIMO With Downlink SINR Constraints: When to Turn on Massive MIMO? (2019)

In this paper, we consider the downlink of a multi-cell multiple-input multiple-output system and find the jointly optimal number of base station (BS) antennas and transmission powers that minimize the power consumption while satisfying each user's effective signal-to-interference-and-noise-ratio constraint and the BSs' power constraints. Different from prior work, we consider a power consumption model that takes both transmitted and hardware-consumed power into account. We formulate the joint optimization problem for both single-cell and multi-cell systems. The closed-form expressions for the optimal number of BS antennas and transmission powers are derived for the single-cell case. The analysis for the multi-cell case reveals that increasing the number of BS antennas in any cell always improves the performance of the overall system in terms of both feasibility and total radiated power. A key contribution of this paper is to show that the joint optimization problem can be relaxed as a geometric programming problem that can be solved efficiently. The solution can be utilized in practice to turn on and off antennas depending on the traffic load variations. The substantial power savings are demonstrated by simulation.
Multimodal Document Image Classification (2019)

State-of-the-art methods for document image classification rely on visual features extracted by deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs). These methods do not utilize rich semantic information present in the text of the document, which can be extracted using Optical Character Recognition (OCR). We first study the performance of state-of-the-art text classification approaches when applied to noisy text obtained from OCR. We then show that fusing this textual information with visual CNN methods produces state-of-the-art results on the RVL-CDIP classification dataset.
ChemInform Abstract: Fabrication and Electrochemical Characterization of Boron‐Doped Diamond Microdisc Array Electrodes. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion Eliminates the Need for Warfarin (2009)

is the third leading cause of mortality and is a leading cause of disability in the world today. Current estimates suggest a stroke incidence of 780 000 cases yearly, and it remains the most feared complication of cardiovascular disease. 1 Brain ischemia is multifactorial-it may result from carotid artery occlusion, plaque embolization, and aortic atheromatous debris. A major cause is cardiac emboli, most commonly occurring in patients with atrial fibrillation. This association is assuming increased importance as atrial fibrillation markedly increases with the aging population.
Extreme long range process effects characterization and compensation (2013)

Proximity Effects in electron beam lithography impact feature dimensions, pattern fidelity and uniformity. These effects are addressed using a mathematical model representing the radial exposure intensity distribution induced by a point electron source, commonly named as the Point Spread Function (PSF). PSF models are usually employed for predicting and compensating for effects up to 15&mu;m. It is well known that there are also some process related phenomena that impact pattern uniformity that have a longer range, namely CMP effects, fogging, etc. Performing proximity effects corrections can result in lengthy run times as file size and pattern densities continue to increase exponentially per technology node. Running corrections for extreme long range phenomena becomes computational and file size prohibitive. Nevertheless, since extreme long range may reach up several millimeters, and new technology nodes require a high level of precision, a strategy for predicting and compensating these phenomena is crucial. In this paper a set of test patterns are presented in order to verify and calibrate the so called extreme long range effects in the electron beam lithography. Moreover, a strategy to compensate for extreme long range effects based on the pattern density is presented. Since the evaluation is based on a density map instead of the actual patterns, the computational effort is feasible. The proposed method may be performed off-line (in contrast to machine standard in-line correction). The advantage of employing off-line compensation relies on enhancing the employ of dose and/or geometry modulation. This strategy also has the advantage of being completely decoupled from other e-beam writer’s internal corrections (like Fogging Effect Correction - FEC).
Video/optical requirements for a highlight color laser scanner (1998)

The <i>Journal of Electronic Imaging</i> (JEI), copublished bimonthly with the Society for Imaging Science and Technology, publishes peer-reviewed papers that cover research and applications in all areas of electronic imaging science and technology.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry on the Interface of Natural Products and Combinatorial Chemistry (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF A CERAMIC MEMBRANE SYSTEM FOR MICROFILTRATION OF CORN STARCH HYDROLYSATE (1998)

Abstract A ceramic microfiltration membrane was used for the clarification of corn starch hydrolysate, having a dextrose equivalence of 95, to study the effect of process variables (transmembrane pressure, cross-flow velocity, and feed concentration) on permeate flux. Flux increased with increased cross-flow velocity for all transmembrane pressures and feed concentrations up to a volume concentration ratio of 100. Flux became asymptotic at pressures of 200-375kPa, indicating that microfiltration performance was limited by concentration-polarization. The optimum transmembrane pressure was higher at higher cross-flow velocities. A process model based on the resistances-in-series concept adequately described the observed variation of permeate flux with process variables such as transmembrane pressure, cross-flow velocity and feed concentration. Resistance due to concentration polarization decreased linearly with increase in cross-flow velocities for all feed concentrations, while fouling resistance increased linearly with increase in feed concentration.
Model-Inspired Deep Detection with Low-Resolution Receivers (2021)

The need to recover high-dimensional signals from their noisy low-resolution quantized measurements is widely encountered in communications and sensing. In this paper, we focus on the extreme case of one-bit quantizers, and propose a deep detector network, called LoRD-Net, for signal recovering from one-bit measurements. Our approach relies on a model-aware data-driven architecture, based on a deep unfolding of first-order optimization iterations. LoRD-Net has a task-based architecture dedicated to recovering the underlying signal of interest from the one-bit noisy measurements without requiring prior knowledge of the channel matrix through which the one-bit measurements are obtained. The proposed deep detector has much fewer parameters compared to black-box deep networks due to the incorporation of domain-knowledge in the design of its architecture, allowing it to operate in a data-driven fashion while benefiting from the flexibility, versatility, and reliability of model-based optimization methods. We numerically evaluate the proposed receiver architecture for one-bit signal recovery in wireless communications and demonstrate that the proposed hybrid methodology outperforms both data-driven and model-based state-of-the-art methods, while utilizing small datasets, on the order of merely ~ 500 samples, for training.
A mechanically enhanced storage node for virtually unlimited height (MESH) capacitor aiming at sub 70nm DRAMs (2004)

Fully reliable lean-free stacked capacitor, with the meshes of the supporter made of Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/, has been successfully developed on 80nm COB DRAM application. This novel process terminates persistent problems caused by mechanical instability of storage node with high aspect ratio. With Mechanically Enhanced Storage node for virtually unlimited Height (MESH), the cell capacitance over 30fF/cell has been obtained by using conventional MIS dielectric with an equivalent 2.3nm oxide thickness. This inherently lean-free capacitor makes it possible extending the existing MIS dielectric technology to sub-70nm OCS (one cylindrical storage node) DRAMs.
Basics of Machine Vision (2014)

The basic digital image is composed of a two-dimensional array of numbers. Each number in the array represents a value of the smallest visual element, a pixel. The indexed location of the pixel value in the array corresponds to the X and Y locations of the pixel within the image, as measured from the top-left corner. The values of a pixel in an X and a Y location in the digital grayscale image represent the brightness of the pixel in a range from black to white. The most commonly used image format for finding the existence of the object, location, and size information is binary image. Digital color images from digital cameras are usually described by three color values: R (red), G (green), and B (blue). Imaging acquisition hardware requires a camera, lens, and lighting source. Software is also needed to display and extract information from images.
08141 Executive Summary – Organic Computing - Controlled Self-organization (2008)

Organic Computing (OC) has become a challenging vision for the design of future information processing systems: As they become increasingly powerful, cheaper and smaller, our environment will be filled with collections of autonomous systems equipped with sensors and actuators to be aware of their environment, to communicate, and to organize themselves in order to perform the actions and servic-es that seem to be required. However, due to increasing complexity we will not be able to explicitly design and manage all intelligent components of a digitally enhanced environment in every detail and anticipate every possible configuration. Therefore, our technical systems will have to act more independently, flexibly, and autonomously, i.e., they will have to exhibit life-like properties. We call such systems "organic". Hence, an "Organic Computing System" is a technical system, which adapts dynamically to the current conditions of its environment. It will be self-organizing, self-configuring, self-healing, self-protecting, self-explaining, and context-aware.