gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Process-window sensitive full-chip inspection for design-to-silicon optimization in the sub-wavelength era (2005)

As lithographers continue to implement more exotic and complex Resolution Enhancement Techniques (RET) to push patterning further beyond the physical limits of optical lithography, full-chip brightfield inspections are be-coming increasingly valuable to help identify random and systematic defects that occur due to mask tolerance ex-cursions, OPC inaccuracies, RET design errors, or unmanufacturable layout configurations. PWQ, or Process Window Qualification, is a KLA-Tencor product* using brightfield imaging inspection technology that has been developed to address the need for rapid full-chip process window verification. PWQ is currently implemented at IBM’s 300mm facility and is being used to isolate features that repeatedly fail as a function of exposure dose and focus errors. We will demonstrate how PWQ results have assisted in: 1) qualification of reticles and new OPC models; 2) identification of non-obvious lithographic features that limit common process windows; 3) providing input for long-term design for manufacturability (DfM), OPC, and/or RET modeling. PWQ allows full or partial chips to be scanned in far less time than a multi-point common process window collected on a SEM. PWQ findings supplement these traditional analysis methods by encompassing all features on a chip, providing more detail on where the process window truly lies. Examples of marginal features that were detected by PWQ methods and their subsequent actions will be discussed in this paper for an advanced 65nm and a 90nm CMOS process.
Effects of HIV‐1 on Endothelial Gene Expression (2008)

Recent data suggest that HIV‐infected persons are at a heightened risk of developing non‐infectious lung disorders. HIV‐related pulmonary hypertension (HIV‐PH), a disorder characterized by increased pulmonary vessel tone and vascular remodeling, is one such example. HIV‐PH is estimated to occur 2500 times more frequently than primary PH in the general population. HIV‐PH is also found to progress more rapidly than primary PH with no association between CD4+ count and disease severity. These observations suggest a correlation between HIV infection and HIV‐PH unrelated to immune dysfunction. However, the cause of HIV‐PH is unknown. We hypothesize that HIV infection plays a critical role in HIV‐PH development by upregulating genes that modulate vasoconstriction and remodeling. To test this hypothesis, we employed co‐cultures of human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAEC) and/or PBMC, either alone or exposed to HIV‐1. Gene array results showed a marked upregulation in the gelatinase, matrix metalloproteinase‐2 (MMP2) in the HPAEC, PBMC and HIV‐1 group as compared to other groups. RT‐PCR confirmed these results and also showed increased expression of angiotensinogen and angiotensin converting enzyme, precursors of the potent vasoconstrictor, angiotensin II. Altogether, our data suggest that HIV‐1‐induced gene alterations may contribute to the increased risk of HIV‐1 patients to develop PH.
The surprising sample covariance matrix: Unexpected characteristics and understanding them (2015)

The Sample Covariance Matrix (SCM) is important to many problems in acoustic signal processing in both time-domain and frequency-domain processing. However, some careful analysis suggests that the SCM contains a variety of surprises. For instance, not all elements of the SCM have the same error—the error of a particular element depends on the location of the element in the matrix and is different for SCMs of real-valued processes and complex-valued processes. Moreover, when the samples of the process used to compute the SCM are correlated, the sample covariance matrix behaves differently yet again. In particular, for frequency-domain sample covariance matrices, which are common in underwater acoustic communication and sonar signal processing, the SCM obtained using a tapped delay line is a better estimate of the covariance matrix than that obtained using independent samples—a most counterintuitive result. In this talk, we present a unified analysis technique using ergodic theory that predicts a variety of unexpected characteristics of the SCM, and explain the reasons behind some of them. Given the wide variety of algorithms that rely on the SCM, understanding this behavior is crucial to designing robust and accurate algorithms.
Baton (2014)

Android's trust-on-first-use application signing model associates developers with a fixed code signing certificate, but lacks a mechanism to enable transparent key updates or certificate renewals. The model allows application updates to be recognized as authorized by a party with access to the original signing key. However, changing keys or certificates requires that end users manually uninstall/reinstall apps, losing all non-backed up user data. In this paper, we show that with appropriate OS support, developers can securely and without user intervention transfer signing authority to a new signing key. Our proposal, Baton, modifies Android's app installation framework enabling key agility while preserving backwards compatibility with current apps and current Android releases. Baton is designed to work consistently with current UID sharing and signature permission requirements. We discuss technical details of the Android-specific implementation, as well as the applicability of the Baton protocol to other decentralized environments.
Alsin and SOD1G93A Proteins Regulate Endosomal Reactive Oxygen Species Production by Glial Cells and Proinflammatory Pathways Responsible for Neurotoxicity (2011)

Recent studies have implicated enhanced Nox2-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) by microglia in the pathogenesis of motor neuron death observed in familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In this context, ALS mutant forms of SOD1 enhance Rac1 activation, leading to increased Nox2-dependent microglial ROS production and neuron cell death in mice. It remains unclear if other genetic mutations that cause ALS also function through similar Nox-dependent pathways to enhance ROS-mediate motor neuron death. In the present study, we sought to understand whether alsin, which is mutated in an inherited juvenile form of ALS, functionally converges on Rac1-dependent pathways acted upon by SOD1(G93A) to regulate Nox-dependent ROS production. Our studies demonstrate that glial cell expression of SOD1(G93A) or wild type alsin induces ROS production, Rac1 activation, secretion of TNFα, and activation of NFκB, leading to decreased motor neuron survival in co-culture. Interestingly, coexpression of alsin, or shRNA against Nox2, with SOD1(G93A) in glial cells attenuated these proinflammatory indicators and protected motor neurons in co-culture, although shRNAs against Nox1 and Nox4 had little effect. SOD1(G93A) expression dramatically enhanced TNFα-mediated endosomal ROS in glial cells in a Rac1-dependent manner and alsin overexpression inhibited SOD1(G93A)-induced endosomal ROS and Rac1 activation. SOD1(G93A) expression enhanced recruitment of alsin to the endomembrane compartment in glial cells, suggesting that these two proteins act to modulate Nox2-dependent endosomal ROS and proinflammatory signals that modulate NFκB. These studies suggest that glial proinflammatory signals regulated by endosomal ROS are influenced by two gene products known to cause ALS.
Multi-Element Adaptive Arrays with Tapped Delay Lines for Interference Mitigation in IEEE 802.11G OFDM Systems (2007)

In the unlicensed ISM wireless band, signals that use Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and OFDM with Cyclic Prefix Code (OFDM-CPC) present interference to other wireless users. We analyze the interference these broadband signals cause and contrast the results to that of narrowband interferers. Multi-element adaptive antennas with tapped-delay-lines are used to mitigate multiple interferers. It is shown that the number of delay line taps required to effectively mitigate the effect of multiple interferers increases as the number of interferers and array elements increases. For example, a 3-element array needs only 3 taps per element while a 6-element array needs 9 taps per element for interference mitigation.
High Performance Silicon Optical Modulators (2020)

High performance silicon optical modulators underpin a number of current and emerging applications based upon silicon photonic technology. Here we present our recent breakthroughs in this field.
Colorless-to-colorful switching electrochromic polyimides with very high contrast ratio (2019)

Abstract Colorless-to-colorful switching electrochromic polymers with very high contrast ratio are unattainable and attractive for the applications of smart wearable electronics. Here we report a facile strategy in developing colorless-to-colorful switching electrochromic polyimides by incorporating with alicyclic nonlinear, twisted structures and adjusted conjugated electrochromophores, which minimize the charge transfer complex formation. It is noted that, by controlling the conjugation length of electrochromophore, the colorless-to-black switching electrochromic polymer film (PI-1a) exhibites an ultrahigh integrated contrast ratio up to 91.4% from 380 to 780 nm, especially up to 96.8% at 798 nm. In addition, PI-1a film with asymmetric structure also demonstrates fast electrochemical and electrochromic behaviors (a switching and bleaching time of 1.3 s and 1.1 s, respectively) due to the loose chain stacking, which provides more pathways for the penetration of counterion. Moreover, the colorless-to-black EC device based on PI-1a reveals an overall integrated contrast ratio up to 80%.
Supplementary Table S3 from Radiotherapy Induces Innate Immune Responses in Patients Treated for Prostate Cancers (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Validation of metabolite identification using tandem mass spectrometry-based fragmentation matching.&lt;/p&gt;
Targeted Pathologic Evaluation of Bone Marrow Donors Identifies Previously Undiagnosed Marrow Abnormalities (2013)

Potential bone marrow donors are screened to ensure the safety of both the donor and recipient. At our institution, potential donors with abnormal peripheral blood cell counts, a personal history of malignancy, or age >60 years are evaluated to ensure that they are viable candidates for donation. Evaluation of the marrow includes morphologic, flow cytometric, and cytogenetic studies. A total of 122 potential donors were screened between the years of 2001 and 2011, encompassing approximately 10% of all donors. Of the screened potential donors, the mean age was 59 years and there were 59 men and 63 women. The donors were screened because of age >60 years (n = 33), anemia (n = 22), cytopenias other than anemia (n = 27), elevated peripheral blood counts without a concurrent cytopenia (n = 20), elevated peripheral blood counts with a concurrent cytopenia (n = 10), history of malignancy (n = 4), abnormal peripheral blood differential (n = 3), prior graft failure (n = 1), history of treatment with chemotherapy (n = 1), and body habitus (n = 1). Marrow abnormalities were detected in 9% (11 of 122) of donors. These donors were screened because of anemia (5 of 22, 23%), age >60 years (2 of 33, 6%), history of malignancy (2 of 4, 50%), elevated peripheral blood counts (1 of 20, 5%), and body habitus (1 of 1, 100%). Abnormalities included plasma cell dyscrasia (n = 3), abnormal marrow cellularity (n = 3), clonal cytogenetic abnormalities (n = 2), low-grade myelodysplastic syndrome (1), a mutated JAK2 V617F allele (n = 1), and monoclonal B cell lymphocytosis (n = 1). Our experience indicates that extended screening of potential donors identifies a significant number of donors with previously undiagnosed marrow abnormalities.
Visual and auditory brain areas share a representational structure that supports emotion perception (2018)

Summary Emotionally expressive music and dance occur together across the world. This may be because features shared across the senses are represented the same way even in different sensory brain areas, putting music and movement in directly comparable terms. These shared representations may arise from a general need to identify environmentally relevant combinations of sensory features, particularly those that communicate emotion. To test the hypothesis that visual and auditory brain areas share a representational structure, we created music and animation stimuli with crossmodally matched features expressing a range of emotions. Participants confirmed that each emotion corresponded to a set of features shared across music and movement. A subset of participants viewed both music and animation during brain scanning, revealing that representations in auditory and visual brain areas were similar to one another. This shared representation captured not only simple stimulus features, but also combinations of features associated with emotion judgments. The posterior superior temporal cortex represented both music and movement using this same structure, suggesting supramodal abstraction of sensory content. Further exploratory analysis revealed that early visual cortex used this shared representational structure even when stimuli were presented auditorily. We propose that crossmodally shared representations support mutually reinforcing dynamics across auditory and visual brain areas, facilitating crossmodal comparison. These shared representations may help explain why emotions are so readily perceived and why some dynamic emotional expressions can generalize across cultural contexts.
X-ray diffraction studies of framboids (1981)

Approximately one hundred framboids from coals, shales and lake bottom sediments have been individually examined by x‐ray diffraction (XRD) to determine their composition and their structure. Fresh, lake bottom framboids were largely composed of greigite accompanied with kaolinite. Aged, lake bottom framboids were mixtures of greigite and pyrite. Coal and shale framboids are predominately composed of iron pyrite either entirely or accompanied with other compounds. Occasionally, framboids were found entirely encased by quartz. Some framboids were composed of materials that could not be identified. The pattern of one such framboid was indexed with a tetragonal cell having the dimensions a = 4.1288 Å and c = 8.2400 Å. The Laue XRD patterns indicated that the microcrystallites of framboids were randomly oriented; no preferential orientation was found. It is concluded from these patterns which exhibit spots plus a continuous halo that the cementing material is a fine grain version of the same material of which the framboid is composed.
White Paper on Broadband Connectivity in 6G (2020)

This white paper explores the road to implementing broadband connectivity in future 6G wireless systems. Different categories of use cases are considered, from extreme capacity with peak data rates up to 1 Tbps, to raising the typical data rates by orders-of-magnitude, to support broadband connectivity at railway speeds up to 1000 km/h. To achieve these goals, not only the terrestrial networks will be evolved but they will also be integrated with satellite networks, all facilitating autonomous systems and various interconnected structures. We believe that several categories of enablers at the infrastructure, spectrum, and protocol/ algorithmic levels are required to realize the intended broadband connectivity goals in 6G. At the infrastructure level, we consider ultra-massive MIMO technology (possibly implemented using holographic radio), intelligent reflecting surfaces, user-centric and scalable cell-free networking, integrated access and backhaul, and integrated space and terrestrial networks. At the spectrum level, the network must seamlessly utilize sub-6 GHz bands for coverage and spatial multiplexing of many devices, while higher bands will be used for pushing the peak rates of point-to-point links. The latter path will lead to THz communications complemented by visible light communications in specific scenarios. At the protocol/algorithmic level, the enablers include improved coding, modulation, and waveforms to achieve lower latencies, higher reliability, and reduced complexity. Different options will be needed to optimally support different use cases. The resource efficiency can be further improved by using various combinations of full-duplex radios, interference management based on rate-splitting, machine-learning-based optimization, coded caching, and broadcasting.
Enhanced Airborne Ultrasound WuRx Using Aluminum Nitride 4-Beam pNUTs Arrays (2021)

In this work, we present an implementation of a low-power wake-up receiver (WuRx) that is remotely interrogated by airborne ultrasound. The transduction from ultrasound to electrical signal is performed by arrays of aluminum nitride (AlN) 4-Beam piezoelectric nanoscale ultrasound transducers (pNUTs). Two set of arrays with a center frequency at 45 kHz and 49 kHz are used for two separate validations of the WuRx. The arrays interface with electronics implemented with affordable off-the-shelf (OtS) components for amplification and demodulation of the wake-up signal. The system has a power consumption of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$27 ~\mu \text{W}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, a modulation frequency of 1 kHz, and a minimum detectable pressure between 1.5 Pa and 0.6 Pa depending on the selected device. The individual pNUTs occupy an area of approximately <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$100 ~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> x <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$100 ~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. A similar electronics architecture as the one presented in this document can be miniaturized to an area comparable to the one of the pNUT if implemented with integrated circuit (IC) technology, pointing to the possibility of integrating ultrasound WuRx into miniaturized, dust-like sensing platforms. [2021-0192]
Supplemental Figure S2 from Akt Inhibition Enhances Expansion of Potent Tumor-Specific Lymphocytes with Memory Cell Characteristics (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure S2. CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymhphocytes (TIL) isolated from patient with melanoma have reduced phosphorylation of Akt T308 and GSK3βS9 in presence of Akt inhibitor.&lt;/p&gt;
Generation of a human induced pluripotent stem cell line (UQACi001-A) from a severe epidermolysis bullosa simplex patient with the heterozygous mutation p.R125S in the KRT14 gene (2020)

We have generated UQACi001-A, a new induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line derived from skin fibroblasts of a male patient with the generalized severe epidermolysis bullosa simplex phenotype (EBS-gen sev) and carrying the keratin 14 (K14) R125S mutation. Fibroblasts were reprogrammed using non-integrating Sendai virus vectors. The iPSC line displayed normal molecular karyotype, expressed pluripotency markers, is capable of differentiating into three embryonic germ layers and is genetically identical to the originating parental fibroblasts. The established iPSC model provides a valuable resource for studying the rare disease of epidermolysis bullosa simplex and developing new therapies as DNA editing by CRISPR/Cas9 technology.
Enhanced Optical Emission from 2D InSe Bent onto Si‐Pillars (2020)

Abstract Controlling the propagation and intensity of an optical signal is central to several technologies ranging from quantum communication to signal processing. These require a versatile class of functional materials with tailored electronic and optical properties, and compatibility with different platforms for electronics and optoelectronics. Here, the inherent optical anisotropy and mechanical flexibility of atomically thin semiconducting layers are investigated and exploited to induce a controlled enhancement of optical signals. This enhancement is achieved by straining and bending layers of the van der Waals crystal indium selenide (InSe) onto a periodic array of Si‐pillars. This enhancement has strong dependence on the layer thickness and is modelled by first‐principles electronic band structure theory, revealing the role of the symmetry of the atomic orbitals and light polarization dipole selection rules on the optical properties of the bent layers. The effects described in this paper are qualitatively different from those reported in other materials, such as transition metal dichalcogenides, and do not arise from a photonic cavity effect, as demonstrated before for other semiconductors. The findings on InSe offer a route to flexible nano‐photonics compatible with silicon electronics by exploiting the flexibility and anisotropic and wide spectral optical response of a 2D layered material.
Suppression of solid tumor growth by a monoclonal antibody against tumor vasculature in rats: Involvement of intravascular thrombosis and fibrinogenesis (1999)

We have reported that immunization of rat tumor-derived endothelial cells (TEC) isolated from KMT-17 solid tumors results in the generation of several monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). TES-23, one of these MAbs, recognizes a naturally occurring 80-kDa antigen expressed on endothelial cells of tumor blood vessels. To determine whether such MAbs can suppress solid tumor growth in vivo by impairment of endothelial cells in tumors following direct binding, we tested the biodistribution of (125)I-labeled TES-23 in rats bearing KMT-17 solid tumors. We also examined the effect of treatment using unconjugated TES-23 on tumor growth and histo-pathological changes in tumor tissues. Biodistribution studies showed localization of TES-23 into tumor tissues 60 min after intravenous injection. TES-23 suppressed significantly the growth of KMT-17 solid tumors following administration for 5 days. Histo-pathological examination showed that TES-23 caused degeneration, apoptosis and/or necrosis and denudation of endothelial cells in viable tumor areas following local aggregation and adhesion of lymphocytes, with subsequent intravascular thrombus formation by platelets and fibrin. Our results indicate that TES-23, which recognizes TEC, can target endothelial cells of solid tumor vasculature directly, resulting in growth suppression in vivo by reduction of blood flow due to intravascular thrombosis. Our results also suggest that targeting tumor vasculature is a potentially attractive approach for the treatment of solid tumors.
Neuroprotection by glucagon: role of gluconeogenesis (2010)

Glucagon exerts a marked neuroprotective effect post-TBI by decreasing CNS glutamate. Glucagon was beneficial despite increasing blood glucose. Favorable effects also occurred when glucagon was given prior to TBI, suggesting its involvement in the preconditioning process. Thus, glucagon may be of value in providing neuroprotection when administered after TBI or prior to certain neurosurgical or cardiac interventions in which the incidence of perioperative ischemia is high.
Materials processing in supercritical carbon dioxide: surfactants, polymers and biomaterialsElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: video clips relating to work carried out in the Howdle research group. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/jm/b3/b315262f/ (2004)

Supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) is a unique solvent with a wide range of interesting properties. This review focuses upon recent advances in the use of scCO2 in materials synthesis and materials processing. In particular, we consider the advances made in three major areas. First the design and application of new surfactants for use in scCO2, which enable the production of metal nanoparticles, porous polymers and polymers of high molecular weight with excellent morphology. Second the development of new polymer processing and polymer blend technologies in scCO2, which enable the synthesis of some very complex polymer composites and blends. Finally, the application of scCO2 in the preparation of novel biomedical materials, for example biodegradable polymer particles and scaffolds. The examples described here highlight that scCO2 allows facile synthesis and processing of materials, leading to new products with properties that would otherwise be very difficult to achieve.