gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multiperiod gratings in a high refractive index material for enhanced OLED outcoupling (2011)

We produce multiperiod gratings in Ta2O5 using nanoimprint lithography in combination with reactive ion etching. The photoluminescence spectrum of an emitter layer on a multiperiod grating is demonstrated to exhibit multiple peaks of enhanced emission.
P2‐504: Amyloid‐beta‐42 mimotope displaying M13 phages induce anti‐amyloid beta 42 antibody without adjuvant (2011)

Bacteriophage evokes strong antibody production by means of innate immunity. Recently, we have established B6 mimotope peptide which mimics the structure of amyloid beta42 fibril using human single-chain Fv (B6) specific to Abeta42 fibril. This mimotope peptide binds to Abeta42 oligomers and inhibits formation of Abeta42 fibril in vitro. We investigated whether M13 bacteriophage displaying B6-mimotope peptide (B6-phage) could produce Abeta42 fibril-specific antibody response in mice. 1) Subcutaneous administration of M13 phage dissolved in phosphate-buffered saline strongly evokes the antibody response to phage particles. 2) This response was dependent on MyD88 signaling. 3) A few copies of Abeta42 fibril mimotope-displaying phage clone induce anti-Abeta42 conformer antibody response in C57BL/6 and J20 mice B6-phage may provide a promising vaccination strategy for immunotherapy of Alzheimer's disease without the involvement of Abeta42-specific T cell immunity since the safety of bacteriophage for human has been investigated in a number of studies of phage therapy.
EFFECT OF AUTOGENOUS SHRINKAGE OF ULTRA HIGH-STRENGTH CONCRETE ON BENDING BEHAVIOR OF REINFORCED CONCRETE COLUMN (2008)

In this research, fiber model, which is able to take account of volume change of concrete, is proposed. And using the proposed fiber model, bending behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) column with ultra high-strength concrete is simulated with parameters of axial force ratio, reinforcement ratio, yielding stress of rebar, and the amount of autogenous shrinkage. As a result, autogenous shrinkage make the very small difference in maximum bending moment of RC column, and the autogenous shrinkage affect much on the curvature at the yielding of compressive rebars, slightly on the curvature at the yielding of tensile rebars, and on the point which compressive core concrete attains the ultimate bending strain. Therefore, in the case of allowable stress design, reinforced ultra-high strength column is allowed only for very small external moment. But according to the results of numerical analysis, compressive yielding of reinforcement will not affect much on the performance of RC column when the combined stress of reinforcements of sustained loading with the stress produced by autogenous shrinkage is under allowable stress for sustained loading.
Roxadustat Markedly Reduces Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in Mice (2020)

RXD pretreatment may be a novel strategy against I/R injury.
Strain-balanced InAs/InAs1−xSbx type-II superlattices grown by molecular beam epitaxy on GaSb substrates (2011)

Strain-balanced InAs/InAs1−xSbx type-II superlattices (SLs) on GaSb substrates with 0.27 ≤ x ≤0.33 were grown by molecular beam epitaxy and demonstrated photoluminescence (PL) up to 11.1 μm. The calculated SL bandgap energies agree with the PL peaks to within 5 meV for long-wavelength infrared samples (9.5, 9.9, and 11.1 μm) and to within 9 meV for a mid-wavelength infrared sample (5.9 μm). X-ray diffraction measurements reveal average SL mismatches of less than 0.2%, and the PL full-width-at-half-maximums increase with the mismatch, confirming the importance of strain-balancing for material quality.
CMOS transistor reliability and performance impacted by gate microstructure (2002)

This paper investigate the impact of CMOS (complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor) gate microstructure on the reliability and performance of deep-submicrometer CMOS transistors. The amorphous silicon (/spl alpha/-Si) gate provides better capability for suppression of boron penetration in p/sup +/ doped gate p-channel MOSFETs, but gate depletion in the /spl alpha/-Si gate is slightly more severe than that of the poly-Si gate. The gate-length-dependent gate-depletion effect, in which the difference in linear g/sub m/ between MOSFETs with two different gate microstructures shows a strong L/sub g/-dependence, is reported and interpreted by impurity diffusion along the grain boundary. A gate nitrogen implant as an effective method for suppression of the boron diffusion is also discussed with emphasis on the impact on both device reliability and performance.
Lidocaine Enhances GαiProtein Function (2003)

Lidocaine potentiates Galphai-coupled A1R signaling by reducing cyclic adenosine monophosphate production. The study suggests an interaction site for LAs in a Galphai-coupled signaling pathway, with the Galphai protein representing the prime candidate. Taken together with previous results showing inhibitory LA interactions on the Galphaq protein subunit, the data in the current study support the hypothesis that specific G protein subunits represent alternative sites of LA action.
Analysis of dropout peakshift in magnetic tape recording (2000)

Dropout is the term used to describe sporadic and long-duration signal loss in a tape recording system due to media defects or debris generated by the head-media interface. The main mechanism believed to cause dropouts is spacing loss during writing and/or reading. Dropouts are a major limiting factor in the performance of the magnetic tape channel, which makes understanding them a critical issue for future density improvements. In this paper, we analyze the peakshift behavior of signals during a dropout, which constitutes a significant but unexpected side effect. This peakshift was found to be caused during the recording process. Both experimental analysis and modeling have been used in this study.
Regulation of Extracellular Phospholipase A 2 Activity: Implications for Inflammatory Diseases (1992)

Phospholipases A2 (PLA2s; E.C.3.1.1.4) are a family of esterases that are involved in myriads of physiological and pathological processes. The involvement of these enzymes, especially the extracellular PLA2s, in the generation of proinflammatory lipid mediators makes them a very important target for investigation. These PLA2s have been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of several human inflammatory diseases. Thus, delineating the mechanism(s) of regulation of the activity of these enzymes may provide a better understanding of the pathophysiology of these diseases and allow the rational design and development of novel therapeutic agents. In this article, we provide a brief description of PLA2s in general with a special emphasis on extracellular enzymes, their mechanism(s) of action, and possible role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. Additionally, we describe: (i) a novel mechanism of activation of extracellular PLA2s by transglutaminases and (ii) the development of one class of antiinflammatory agents, antiflammins, derived from the active site structure of endogenous PLA2-inhibitory proteins.
Differentiation among parkinsonisms using quantitative diffusion kurtosis imaging (2015)

Differential diagnoses among Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple system atrophy (MSA), and progressive supranuclear palsy syndrome (PSPS) are often difficult. Hence, we investigated whether diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) could detect pathological changes that occur in these disorders and be used to differentiate between such patients. Fourteen patients (five with PD, four MSA, and five PSPS) and six healthy controls were examined using a 1.5-T scanner. Mean kurtosis (MK), fractional anisotropy, and mean diffusivity maps were generated, and these values of the midbrain tegmentum (MBT) and pontine crossing tract (PCT), as well as MBT/PCT ratios, were obtained. We found no significant differences in MBT and PCT values on DKI maps among the groups. In contrast, MBT/PCT ratios from MK maps were significantly increased in the MSA group and decreased in the PSPS group compared with the other groups. MBT/PCT ratios from mean diffusivity maps showed a significant increase in the PSPS group. Therefore, quantitative DKI analyses, particularly the MBT/PCT ratio from MK maps, can differentiate patients with parkinsonisms.
Designing the Personal Data Stream: Enabling Participatory Privacy in Mobile Personal Sensing (2009)

For decades, the Codes of Fair Information Practice have served as a model for data privacy, protecting personal information collected by governments and corporations. But professional data management standards such as the Codes of Fair Information Practice do not take into account a world of distributed data collection, nor the realities of data mining and easy, almost uncontrolled, dissemination. Emerging models of information gathering create an environment where recording devices, deployed by individuals rather than organizations, disrupt expected flows of information in both public and private spaces. We suggest expanding the Codes of Fair Information Practice to protect privacy in this new data reality. An adapted understanding of the Codes of Fair Information Practice can promote individualsâ engagement with their own data, and apply not only to governments and corporations, but software developers creating the data collection programs of the 21st century. To support user participation in regulating sharing and disclosure, we discuss three foundational design principles: primacy of participants, data legibility, and engagement of participants throughout the data life cycle. We also discuss social changes that will need to accompany these design principles, including engagement of groups and appeal to the public sphere, increasing transparency of services through voluntary or regulated labeling, and securing a legal privilege for raw location data.
<title>Measurement and analysis of microtopography using wavelet methods</title> (1997)

Several methods for the analysis of white light interferograms are presented and their performance is compared to a new method employing the wavelet transform in connection with sub-Nyquist sampling. As the result of computer simulations and experiments the wavelet method proves to be best suited to the problem. Furthermore, a method is proposed to characterise the microtopography of surfaces on the basis of fractal parameters, whereby these parameters (Hausdorff-Besicovitch dimension D, for example) are calculated by means of a wavelet method. The advantages of using wavelets in comparison to the well known fractal description by means of the power spectral density is, that this new method is less affected by noise and offers the ability to separate the roughness from the structure. Simulations show that even in the otherwise disturbing presence of sharp edges or spikes the separation of micro and macro structure is successfully performed by the proposed wavelet method.
Campylobacter jejuni motility integrates specialized cell shape, flagellar filament, and motor, to coordinate action of its opposed flagella (2020)

Campylobacter jejuni rotates a flagellum at each pole to swim through the viscous mucosa of its hosts' gastrointestinal tracts. Despite their importance for host colonization, however, how C. jejuni coordinates rotation of these two opposing flagella is unclear. As well as their polar placement, C. jejuni's flagella deviate from the norm of Enterobacteriaceae in other ways: their flagellar motors produce much higher torque and their flagellar filament is made of two different zones of two different flagellins. To understand how C. jejuni's opposed motors coordinate, and what contribution these factors play in C. jejuni motility, we developed strains with flagella that could be fluorescently labeled, and observed them by high-speed video microscopy. We found that C. jejuni coordinates its dual flagella by wrapping the leading filament around the cell body during swimming in high-viscosity media and that its differentiated flagellar filament and helical body have evolved to facilitate this wrapped-mode swimming.
Comparison of Empiric Versus Prophylactic Administration of Ceftazidime during Neutropenia Associated with Reduced-Intensity Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (RIST). (2004)

Abstract Broad spectrum antibiotics are sometimes used prophylactically during the neutropenic phase of stem cell transplantation, but this practice is controversial. Possible benefits include the prevention of fever and infectious episodes. Possible disadvantages include increased usage of antibiotics with associated increases in cost, toxicities and development of antibiotic resistance. OBJECTIVE: To compare prophylactic (PRO) administration of ceftazidime at the beginning of neutropenia (ANC &amp;lt;500) vs. empirical (EMP) initiation of ceftazidime for neutropenic fever in RIST patients during the pre-engraftment period. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of all patients who received a RIST for hematologic malignancies in two different bone marrow transplant units at the NIH Clinical Center between 2000 and 2003. The PRO group was composed of 41 patients who received prophylactic ceftazidime 2 g iv q 8h when ANC &amp;lt;500. The EMP group was composed of 40 patients who received ceftazidime during neutropenia only if fever developed. Both groups were comparable in terms of baseline disease, age, sex, conditioning regimen (FLU/CY) and gut decontamination. Mean duration of neutropenia was 10.8 days in the PRO group and 13.7 days in the EMP group (p &amp;lt; 0.05), due to differences in GVHD prophylaxis and GCSF usage. RESULTS: The PRO group presented less episodes of neutropenic fever (16/41, 39% vs. 27/40, 67.5%, p &amp;lt; 0.05), less microbiologically documented infections (4/41, 10% vs 17/40, 43% p &amp;lt; 0.05) and less episodes of bacteremia (1 vs. 7). By Kaplan-Meier analysis the median time to developing fever was significantly longer in the PRO group (9.6 vs 6.8 days p = 0.03). The PRO group received, on average, 5.5 less days of broad-spectrum antibiotics (11.8 vs 17.3). The average number of days on ceftazidime was 10 in the PRO group and 7 in the EMP group. There were no significant toxicities associated with antibiotic use. The susceptibility to ceftazidime on the bacterial isolates from both transplant units did not change significantly between 1999 and 2003, despite the different patterns of antibiotic use. CONCLUSION: Prophylaxis with ceftazidime may prevent neutropenic fever and microbiologically documented infections during the pre-engraftment phase of RIST, and may result in decreased utilization of broad-spectrum antibiotics.
Mitochondrial Participation in the Intracellular Ca2+ Network (1997)

Calcium can activate mitochondrial metabolism, and the possibility that mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and extrusion modulate free cytosolic [Ca2+] (Cac) now has renewed interest. We use whole-cell and perforated patch clamp methods together with rapid local perfusion to introduce probes and inhibitors to rat chromaffin cells, to evoke Ca2+ entry, and to monitor Ca2+-activated currents that report near-surface [Ca2+]. We show that rapid recovery from elevations of Cac requires both the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter and the mitochondrial energization that drives Ca2+ uptake through it. Applying imaging and single-cell photometric methods, we find that the probe rhod-2 selectively localizes to mitochondria and uses its responses to quantify mitochondrial free [Ca2+] (Cam). The indicated resting Cam of 100-200 nM is similar to the resting Cac reported by the probes indo-1 and Calcium Green, or its dextran conjugate in the cytoplasm. Simultaneous monitoring of Cam and Cac at high temporal resolution shows that, although Cam increases less than Cac, mitochondrial sequestration of Ca2+ is fast and has high capacity. We find that mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake limits the rise and underlies the rapid decay of Cac excursions produced by Ca2+ entry or by mobilization of reticular stores. We also find that subsequent export of Ca2+ from mitochondria, seen as declining Cam, prolongs complete Cac recovery and that suppressing export of Ca2+, by inhibition of the mitochondrial Na+/ Ca2+ exchanger, reversibly hastens final recovery of Cac. We conclude that mitochondria are active participants in cellular Ca2+ signaling, whose unique role is determined by their ability to rapidly accumulate and then release large quantities of Ca2+.
Anisotropy Reduction Strategies for Transformation Optics Designs (2014)

This paper presents strategies to reduce anisotropy in transformation optics designs using perturbation functions written in finite series forms. The technique effectiveness and the refractive index contrast effect in two waveguides examples are investigated.
Molecular Cytogenetics of Autism (2004)

Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by clinical, etiologic and genetic heterogeneity. It is often associated with other conditions, such as disorders of the CNS (tuberous sclerosis), developmental delay, attention deficit, epilepsy, and anxiety and mood disorders. Our survey found cytogenetically visible chromosomal anomalies in ∼7.4% (129 / 1749) of autistic patients documented as well as several sub-microscopic variants. Almost every chromosome is affected by numeric or structural aberrations. Among the most consistent cytogenetics findings are fragile X and duplication of maternal 15q11-q13. Molecular cytogenetics, together with genome scans and linkage / association studies, point to ≥22 chromosome regions harbouring putative autism susceptibility genes, such as 2q32, 3q25-q27, 7q31-q35, 15q11-q13, 16p13, Xp22, and Xq13. We hypothesize that there might be at least three types of autism susceptibility genes / mutations that can be (i) specific to an individual patient or family, (ii) in a genetically isolated sub-population and (iii) a common factor shared amongst different populations. The genes / mutations could act alone or interact with other genetic and / or epigenetic or environmental factors, causing autism or related disorders. This review emphasizes the potential of analysing chromosomal rearrangements as a means to rapidly define candidate disease loci for further investigation. To facilitate ongoing research we have established a new database of autism-associated chromosomal anomalies (http: / / tcag.bioinfo. sickkids.on.ca / autism). Keywords: autistic spectrum disorder, hromosome anomalies, molecular cytogenetics, genomics, 7q, 15q
Abstract 1979: Algebraic factorization of gene expression profiles reveals subtype-specific drug sensitivities among 54 breast cancer cell lines (2010)

Abstract Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease, with reproducible and prognostically important subclasses. Breast cancer cell lines are widely used to study preclinical investigational agents, but the relationships, if any, between breast cancer subclass and drug response are not well understood. To help bridge this gap, we have profiled drug responses across a large panel of well-annotated breast cancer cell lines. In order to translate in vitro drug responses into clinically useful predictions, it is important that the cell line panel be organized into subtypes representative of the cancer subtype diversity found in the clinic. Recent studies have demonstrated that an algebraic clustering method known as “non-negative matrix factorization” (NMF) can be applied to gene expression profiles to resolve clinically meaningful cancer subtypes in greater detail than achievable using other clustering methods. To test whether NMF improves our ability to resolve drug sensitivities in breast cancer cell lines, we clustered pretreatment gene expression profiles of 54 breast cancer cell lines using two different methods: (1) NMF-based consensus clustering and (2) hierarchical consensus clustering. Using NMF-based consensus, we identified five robust subtypes (two Basal-A, one Basal-B and two Luminal classes). In contrast, using hierarchical consensus clustering, we could identify only three robust subtypes (one Basal-A, one Basal-B and one Luminal class). The drug response profiles were then segregated by subtype to determine whether either of the two clustering methods improves our ability to resolve drug sensitivities. Of the 67 drug compounds included in our study, the 5-subtype NMF-based classification scheme revealed three compounds (AG1024, CPT-11 and topotecan) exhibiting subtype-specific drug effects (p&amp;lt;0.1) that are undetectable using the 3-subtype hierarchical clustering. The statistical significance of drug sensitivity was gauged using the Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test, adjusted for false discovery rate Q=0.05. In conclusion, NMF consensus clustering can be used to detect drug response patterns that would otherwise go undetected. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1979.
Optical Methods for Non-Invasive Assessment of Arteriole Flow Impedance (2020)

Cerebrovascular impedance relates vascular flow dynamics to pressure changes and has been challenging to be measured in the microvasculature. We present a method to measure impedance using diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS).
On zero-error source coding with feedback (2010)

We consider the problem of zero error source coding with limited feedback when side information is present at the receiver. First, we derive an achievable rate region for arbitrary joint distributions on the source and the side information. When all pairs of source and side information symbols are observed with non-zero probability, we show that this characterization gives the entire rate region. Next, we demonstrate a class of sources for which asymptotically zero feedback suffices to achieve zero-error coding at the rate promised by the Slepian-Wolf bound for asymptotically lossless coding. Finally, we illustrate these results with the aid of three simple examples.
Real-time optical measurement of biologically relevant thermal damage in tissue-mimicking hydrogels containing bovine serum albumin (2010)

Our work establishes a causal link between the degree of BSA denaturation in hydrogel and the opacity of the medium. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that BSA hydrogels provide a simple physical model for quantifying biologically relevant heat damage in real time during controlled laboratory studies of hyperthermia and thermal ablation.
Pertussis toxin can replace T cell receptor signals that induce positive selection of CD8 T cells (1997)

CD4+ helper T lymphocytes and CD8+ killer T lymphocytes are both generated in the thymus from common precursor cells expressing CD4 and CD8. The development of immature CD4 CD8+ thymocytes into mature 'single-positive' T cells requires T cell antigen-receptor (TCR)-mediated positive selection signals. Although it is known that the recognition specificity of TCR expressed by CD4+ CD8+ thymocytes determines their fate to become either CD4+ or CD8+ T cells, the molecular signals that direct precursor thymocytes to become CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are unclear. By using ZAP-70 mutant thymus organ cultures in which T cell development is arrested at the CD4+ CD8+ thymocyte stage, the present study shows that distinct biochemical treatments can selectively restore the generation of mature CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, bypassing TCR-induced positive selection signals. The combination of phorbol ester and ionomycin selectively restores the generation of CD4+ CD8- TCR(high) cells, consistent with previous results. On the other hand, we find that the generation of CD4- CD8+ TCR(high) cells is selectively induced by pertussis toxin. Interestingly, the signals generated by pertussis toxin, which increase Notch expression, can dominate the signals by phorbol ester and ionomycin, steering thymocyte development to CD8 lineage. These results indicate that distinct biochemical signals replace TCR signals that selectively induce positive selection of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and that biochemical treatment can manipulate the development and choice of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells.