gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The CD14+/lowCD16+ monocyte subset is more susceptible to spontaneous and oxidant-induced apoptosis than the CD14+CD16− subset (2010)

Human monocytes can be classified into two subsets with distinctive characteristics. In this study, we report a difference in apoptotic potential between these two subsets with CD14(+/low)CD16(+) monocytes being more susceptible than CD14(+)CD16(-) monocytes to undergo spontaneous apoptosis and apoptosis induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS). By global transcriptomic and proteomic approaches, we observed that CD14(+/low)CD16(+) monocytes expressed higher levels of pro-apoptotic genes and proteins such as TNFα, caspase 3, Bax and cytochrome c and showed more caspases 3 and 7 activities. They also exhibited greater aerobic respiration resulting in a higher production of ROS from the mitochondria. CD14(+)CD16(-) monocytes, in contrast, showed higher expression of glutathione (GSH)-metabolizing genes such as GSH peroxidase and microsomal GSH S-transferase and were more resistant to oxidative stress than CD14(+/low)CD16(+) monocytes. The apoptosis of CD14(+/low)CD16(+) monocytes was ROS dependent as reducing ROS levels significantly reduced cell death. This is the first report of a differential apoptotic propensity of human monocyte subsets, and gaining a better understanding of this process may help to provide a better understanding of the roles of these subsets during homeostasis and under pathological conditions, particularly in situations in which high levels of oxidants are present.
Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Combination Therapy with Lithium and Risperidone (2006)

Several recent studies have demonstrated that the combination of antipsychotics, including risperidone, with a mood stabilizer, e.g. lithium, is effective and well tolerated in patients with bipolar disorders and mania [4] [13] [14] [15] [18] including some pediatric cases [11]. Since the first reports by Böszörményi [3] and Cohen and Cohen [7], a series of case reports and meta-analyses have been published describing neurotoxic effects during the course of treatment with lithium in combination with different antipsychotics. For risperidone, single case reports on neurotoxic interactions with lithium have also been published [6] [10]. Because the neurotoxic effects described have been attributed to a reciprocal pharmacokinetic influence, the pharmacokinetics of lithium combined with psychotropics [1] [2] [5] [12] [16] and non-psychotropics [17] have been studied. The pharmacokinetics of lithium in combination with risperidone has not been reported to date. We have now investigated the specific pharmacokinetics of a combined lithium and risperidone therapy in 13 psychiatric patients.
Normal Stress Rheology of Drilling Fluids and Potential in Lost Circulation Control (2013)

Abstract Investigating lost circulation in DEA 13 JIP has shown that it is difficult to arrest losses while drilling with non-aqueous drilling fluids (NAF) as compared to aqueous drilling fluids (AF). In an earlier work (Kulkarni 2012), a novel method was discussed to characterize the plugging (of LCM particles and Fibers) performance of non-aqueous and aqueous drilling fluids using viscoelastic parameters under shear stress (First Normal Stress Difference=N1). This paper discusses the modification of drilling fluids (particularly non-aqueous fluids) to combat lost circulation. N1 measured at low and moderate shear stresses for different aqueous and non-aqueous drilling fluids shows that the magnitude of N1 for AF was significantly higher than that for NAF; although, the FANN® 35 viscometer shear rheology of both was similar. Another important finding was that adding certain polar-organic compounds to the NAF improves its N1 magnitude remarkably, which in turn was found to improve the drilling fluid's performance in lost circulation applications. For representative AF and NAFs, with the same FANN 35 viscometer rheology properties and lost circulation materials, fracture plugging efficiency was probed on a Permeability Plugging Apparatus (PPA) using a tapered slot. The plugging performance of the LCM in the AF was significantly better than in the NAF for the same combination of LCM. This difference in plugging performance was attributed to the noticeable difference in N1 observed for these two drilling fluids. The relation between N1 and plugging efficiency became evident when the addition of polar-organic compounds to the NAF increased its N1 and improved its plugging efficiency. These findings could be used to tailor the NAF for LCM treatment during the mud design phase and help alleviate trial-and-error in the LCM design.
Mercerized mesoporous date pit activated carbon—A novel adsorbent to sequester potentially toxic divalent heavy metals from water (2017)

A substantive approach converting waste date pits to mercerized mesoporous date pit activated carbon (DPAC) and utilizing it in the removal of Cd(II), Cu(II), Pb(II), and Zn(II) was reported. In general, rapid heavy metals adsorption kinetics for Co range: 25-100 mg/L was observed, accomplishing 77-97% adsorption within 15 min, finally, attaining equilibrium in 360 min. Linear and non-linear isotherm studies revealed Langmuir model applicability for Cd(II) and Pb(II) adsorption, while Freundlich model was fitted to Zn(II) and Cu(II) adsorption. Maximum monolayer adsorption capacities (qm) for Cd(II), Pb(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) obtained by non-linear isotherm model at 298 K were 212.1, 133.5, 194.4, and 111 mg/g, respectively. Kinetics modeling parameters showed the applicability of pseudo-second-order model. The activation energy (Ea) magnitude revealed physical nature of adsorption. Maximum elution of Cu(II) (81.6%), Zn(II) (70.1%), Pb(II) (96%), and Cd(II) (78.2%) were observed with 0.1 M HCl. Thermogravimetric analysis of DPAC showed a total weight loss (in two-stages) of 28.3%. Infra-red spectral analysis showed the presence of carboxyl and hydroxyl groups over DPAC surface. The peaks at 820, 825, 845 and 885 cm-1 attributed to Zn-O, Pb-O, Cd-O, and Cu-O appeared on heavy metals saturated DPAC, confirmed their binding on DPAC during the adsorption.
Robust Passivity and Passivity Relaxation for Impedance Control of Flexible-Joint Robots with Inner-Loop Torque Control (2018)

Passivity is a canonical condition for the safety of interactive systems, but practical limitations restrict its utility as a design tool. A system with a passive model can be unstable in high-stiffness environments, passivity is difficult to show with inner-loop controllers, and as it is a binary condition it provides limited design comparison insight; as a result, it is rarely used for inner-loop design. As passivity safety claims are limited by model accuracy, conditions for the passivity of a system with bounded-magnitude model uncertainty (robust passivity) are developed in this paper. Additionally, a condition for coupled environment-robot stability is developed using mixed passivity and small-gain condition, allowing rigorous relaxation of passivity at high frequencies for typical impedance-controlled systems. These approaches are used in the analysis of an impedance-controlled series-elastic actuated system with inner-loop torque control and also compared with traditional design tools (bandwidth ratio, sensitivity function, etc.). The approach is then validated experimentally, identifying model uncertainty bounds under various load conditions, and then using the measured uncertainty for controller synthesis. Robust passivity is then compared with nominal passivity in a validation experiment under manual excitation and impact.
T4P4S: A Target-independent Compiler for Protocol-independent Packet Processors (2018)

Although the programmability of control planes has been thoroughly examined in the past years, only a limited number of studies go beyond the consideration that the data plane is only a collection of simple packet forwarding devices. Even OpenFlow, a popular, very expressive data plane programming language, is still restricted to supporting a subset of existing protocol headers. To overcome such limitations, new data plane programming models have recently emerged. One of the them is P4, a high-level language for programming packet processors that enables great flexibility in the description of packet structures and processing pipelines. In this paper, we propose T4P4S <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> , a multi-target compiler generating high performance switch programs from P4 descriptions. To support multiple targets, a networking hardware abstraction layer (NetHAL) is defined; the compiler generates a core switch code which is then linked with a target-specific NetHAL implementation. To avoid performance degradation, the boundaries of this separation should be chosen carefully, since the core program is only responsible for target-independent optimization, while the implementation of NetHAL should cover target-dependent enhancements. To analyze the performance, thorough measurements have been carried out, showing that the switch generated by T4P4S can easily scale beyond 100 Gbps.
A RANDOMIZED DOUBLE-BLIND CONTROLLED EFFICACY STUDY: INTRADISCAL ELECTROTHERMAL THERAPY (IDET) VERSUS PLACEBO FOR CHRONIC DISCOGENIC LOW BACK PAIN (2008)

Intra-Discal Electrothermal Therapy (IDET) has been proposed as a treatment for chronic discogenic low back pain. Reports from prospective outcome studies demonstrate statistically significant improvements, but to date there are no published randomized controlled trials assessing efficacy when compared to a placebo group. Ethical Committee approval was obtained prior to the study. Patients with chronic low back pain who failed to improve with conservative therapy were considered for the study. Subjects had one or two level symptomatic disc degeneration as determined by provocative CT/discography. Patients were excluded if there was >50% loss of disc height or previous back surgery. Fifty-seven patients were randomized with a 2:1 (IDET: Placebo) ratio, 38 to the active IDET arm and 19 to the sham procedure (placebo). In all cases the IDET catheter was positioned under sedation to cover at least 70% of the annular tear defined by the CT/discogram. An independent technician connected the catheter to the generator and either delivered electrothermal energy (active group) or did not (sham group). Both surgeon and patient were blinded to the treatment. Patients followed a standard rehabilitation programme. Low Back outcome score (LBOS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), SF-36 questionnaire, Zung Depression Index (ZDI) and Modified Somatic Perceptions Questionnaire (MSPQ) were measured at baseline and 6 months. Successful outcome was defined as: no neurological deficit resulting from the procedure, improvement in LBOS of >7 points, improvements in SF-36 subsets (pain/disability, physical functioning and bodily pain). Two subjects withdrew (both IDET). Baseline demographic data, employment and worker’s compensation status, sitting tolerance, initial LBOS, ODI, SF-36, ZDI and MSPQ were similar for both groups. No neurological deficits occurred as a result of either procedure. No subject in either treatment arm showed improvement of >7 points in LBOS or specified domains of the SF-36. Mean ODI was 41.4 at baseline and 39.7 at 6 months for the IDET group compared to 40.7 at baseline and 41.5 at six months for the Placebo group. There was no significant change in ZDI or MSPQ for either group. No subject in either treatment arm met criteria for successful outcome. Further analysis showed no significant change in outcome measures in either group at six months. In conclusion, this study demonstrates no significant benefit from IDET over placebo.
Design of multiligand inhibitors for the swine flu H1N1 neuraminidase binding site (2013)

Viral neuraminidase inhibitors such as oseltamivir and zanamivir prevent early virus multiplication by blocking sialic acid cleavage on host cells. These drugs are effective for the treatment of a variety of influenza subtypes, including swine flu (H1N1). The binding site for these drugs is well established and they were designed based on computational docking studies. We show here that some common natural products have moderate inhibitory activity for H1N1 neuraminidase under docking studies. Significantly, docking studies using AutoDock for biligand and triligand forms of these compounds (camphor, menthol, and methyl salicylate linked via methylene bridges) indicate that they may bind in combination with high affinity to the H1N1 neuraminidase active site. These results also indicate that chemically linked biligands and triligands of these natural products could provide a new class of drug leads for the prevention and treatment of influenza. This study also highlights the need for a multiligand docking algorithm to understand better the mode of action of natural products, wherein multiple active ingredients are present.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 5‐N‐Substituted Tetrazole Derivatives of the Potent NK1 Receptor Antagonist GR203040. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Affinity chromatographic screening of soluble combinatorial peptide libraries (1999)

Affinity chromatography using immobilized S-protein was used for the screening of affinity peptide ligands from two soluble peptide libraries. Peptide library I consisted of octamers with glycine (G) at both termini of each peptide, i.e. GXXXXXXG. The six center positions were constructed using random sequences of six L-amino acids (Y, N, F, E, V, and L). Peptide library II also consisted of octamers but with glycine and valine (V) at both termini of each peptide (GVZZZZVG). The four variable center positions of peptide library II were random sequences of 18 L-amino acids. Peptides that were retained specifically on the immobilized S-protein column were eluted by 2% acetic acid. The peptides in the acid eluate were further separated using reversed-phase HPLC. Each separated peptide fraction was collected and the peptide sequences deconvoluted by mass spectrometry (MS/MS). The screenings of peptide libraries I and II resulted in 12 and 7 affinity peptides, respectively. Eight out of the twelve peptides from peptide library I contained the clear consensus sequence NFEV. Peptide library II resulted in affinity peptides with the sequences GVNFEVVG, GVNFTVVG and GVFFEL(I)VG. The advantages and limitations of affinity chromatography in peptide library screening are discussed.
Modelling the attention zones in problems involving the automatic decomposition and structural analysis of images (2007)

This paper presents a method of analyzing images that originate in the study of the saccadic movement of the eyes published by I. Muchnik and N. Zavalishin in 1974. We have transformed the information function that they proposed, and this made it possible to fix the attention zone (AZ) on the centers of gravity (CGs) of local objects that differ from the surroundings by the average brightness. Our approach can be organically extended by taking into account features of the texture instead of differences of the local brightness. The centering of AZs on the CGs of an object makes it possible to directly recognize images subjected to an affine transformation, as is characteristic of patterns of remote surfaces projected onto the retina. An algorithm estimates the magnitude and direction of elongation of the image of the selected but still not recognized object, as a consequence of which the AZ takes the form of an ellipse that includes the object of interest and its macroscopic surroundings. This makes it possible to isolate the images of homogeneous surfaces corresponding to separate objects, each of which can later be analyzed independently by means of the structural analyzer that we developed earlier for the recognition of two-dimensional scenes. The parameters of the spatial position and elongation of each local surface can also be used to structurally analyze the scene as a whole.
The Influence of the Recombination System on the Protoplast Fusion of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae (1988)

In order to study the effect of the recombination system on protoplast fusion, intraspecific fusions were carried out using strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae showing a wild type recombination phenotype and S. cerevisiae rem 1–2 or rad52–1 mutants. Compared with the wild type X wild type fusion, the protoplast fusion frequencies decreased dramatically when a rem1–2 mutant was used as fusion partner and increased when a rad52–1 mutant was used. The rad52–1 mutants transformed with a plasmid carrying the intact RAD52 gene showed the same fusion frequency as the wild type strains. These results strongly suggest that recombination plays a negative role during protoplast fusion.
Study of AsH<inf>3</inf> Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation using PULSION<sup>&#x00AE;</sup> (2014)

Plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) technology is known as an alternative to overcome the limitations of conventional beam line ion implantation for shallow, high dose and 3D doping on advanced memory and logic devices. This technique also shows a better CoO as the result of higher productivity, smaller footprint and lower operating costs. Implementation in production for P-type doping and development of N-type applications address issues from the challenges linked to the use of hydrides, especially in the case of AsH3 and PH3. Problems of excessive deposition lead to difficult process integration and possible safety issues such as wafer out-gassing. [1]. Higher priced gases coupled with higher gas consumption compared to beam line are often mentioned as limitations. In this paper we present a full characterization (done at Micron and at IBS) of AsH3 plasma implantation using PULSION <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">®</sup> (PIII tool produced by IBS). Due to its unique remote source design, PULSION <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">®</sup> allows a wider process window using lower gas flows [2]. These design advantages minimize the before mentioned drawbacks allowing easier process integration [3]. AES (Auger Electron Spectroscopy), ARXPS (Angle Resolution X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy), TOF-SIMS & D-SIMS (Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry), and TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy) analysis are used to study deposition, doping profiles, and amorphization as a function of acceleration voltage and dose. The effect of dose on sheet resistance after Spike anneal is discussed, as well as the effect of possible hydrogen dilution. Out-gassing measurements are also presented.
Top Ten Blendstocks Derived From Biomass For Turbocharged Spark Ignition Engines (2019)

More efficient engines enabled by better fuels derived from biomass could increase the fuel economy of the light duty (LD) fleet by 10% over current technology and planned developments. This report identifies top LD boosted spark ignition (BSI) biofuel candidates for further development and commercialization identified using a fuel property basis. The BSI merit function was used to evaluate the performance of candidate bio-blendstocks in improving engine efficiency. This report is aimed at biofuel researchers looking to better understand the efficiency implications of biofuels under development, as well as engine researchers who are interested in future biofuels with properties that enable more efficient engine design and operation.
Optimal design of line level control resonant converters in plug‐in hybrid electric vehicle battery chargers (2013)

The series–parallel resonant converter (also called line level control (LLC) resonant converter) is one of the most suitable topologies for dc–dc power supply. This study introduces the LLC resonant converter into the on‐board battery chargers for the plug‐in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) applications. Different from the previous literature which has focused on the wide operation range and hold‐up time requirement in the LLC design, this study is mainly focused on battery load characteristics and its impact on the charger design. First, to guarantee high efficiency in the light‐load condition in the constant voltage charging stage, the optimum LLC switching frequency range is derived. Second, considering the constant current charging function in the battery charger, the impact of peak load current on the LLC converter is discussed. The boundary between zero‐voltage switching (ZVS) and zero‐current switching (ZCS) in the constant current charging application is analysed. The trade‐off among the minimum load voltage, maximum charge current and resonant capacitor is studied in detail. Finally, the optimal design method for the LLC resonant converter used in the PHEV battery charger is proposed. The proposed methods are validated through experiments on a 400 V/6 kW PHEV charger system with 97% efficiency.
Reverse stage shift at a tertiary care center (2011)

A reverse stage shift was observed in patients who underwent radical prostatectomy after 2000 despite the introduction and rapid proliferation of MIS. This shift may have been caused in part by the increased use of AS and an institutional focus on the treatment of higher risk disease.
The relationship between ambient air pollution and glaucoma phenotypes in a large community cohort (2019)

Purpose Glaucoma is reportedly more frequent in people living in urban areas and more than 91% of the world’s population live in areas with air pollution above WHO recommended limits. However, few studies have examined the association between air pollution and risk of glaucoma. Methods UK Biobank participants aged 40–69 years old completed a detailed baseline questionnaire and underwent ophthalmic and air pollution assessments. Ambient particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter &lt;2.5 µm (PM 2.5 ) concentration was estimated. Eye measures including self‐reported glaucoma status, corneal compensated intraocular pressure (IOP cc ), Goldmann‐correlated intraocular pressure (IOP g ) and thickness of retinal layers were collected. Total average thickness of the retinal nerve fibre layer (mRNFL), ganglion cell‐inner plexiform layer (mGC‐IPL), ganglion cell complex (mGCC) and total macular layer were obtained from spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT). Multivariable regression models were used to evaluate associations between PM 2.5 concentration with self‐reported glaucoma, IOP and retinal layer thickness. Results In multivariable regression analysis, participants resident in areas with higher PM 2.5 concentration were more likely to report a diagnosis of glaucoma (OR = 1.13, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.19, per interquartile range [IQR] increase). Higher PM 2.5 concentration was associated with thinner mGC‐IPL (β = −0.47 µm, 95% CI −0.56 to −0.39, per IQR increase), mGCC (β = −0.21 µm, 95% CI −0.33 to −0.09, per IQR increase) and total macular thickness (β = ‐0.36 µm, 95% CI −0.56 to −0.15, per IQR increase), while a thicker mRNFL (β = 0.25 µm, 95% CI 0.18 to 0.32, per IQR increase) was observed. There was no relationship between PM 2.5 concentration and IOP that was biologically relevant (IOP: β = 0.06 mmHg, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.09, per IQR increase; IOP cc (β = 0.08 mmHg, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.15, highest versus lowest quartile). Conclusion In this large adult population, higher PM 2.5 concentration was associated with a self‐reported diagnosis of glaucoma, and thinner inner retinal layers, consistent with structural changes seen in glaucoma. No biologically relevant relationship was observed for either IOP cc and IOP g . This suggest that PM 2.5 concentration may be a potential modifiable risk factor for glaucoma that is independent of IOP.