gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fine mapping of the sunflower resistance locus Pl ARG introduced from the wild species Helianthus argophyllus (2010)

Downy mildew, caused by Plasmopara halstedii, is one of the most destructive diseases in cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). The dominant resistance locus Pl(ARG) originates from silverleaf sunflower (H. argophyllus Torrey and Gray) and confers resistance to all known races of P. halstedii. We mapped Pl(ARG) on linkage group (LG) 1 of (cms)HA342 × ARG1575-2, a population consisting of 2,145 F(2) individuals. Further, we identified resistance gene candidates (RGCs) that cosegregated with Pl(ARG) as well as closely linked flanking markers. Markers from the target region were mapped with higher resolution in NDBLOS(sel) × KWS04, a population consisting of 2,780 F(2) individuals that does not segregate for Pl(ARG). A large-insert sunflower bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library was screened with overgo probes designed for markers RGC52 and RGC151, which cosegregated with Pl(ARG). Two RGC-containing BAC contigs were anchored to the Pl(ARG) region on LG 1.
Synthesis of a Biologically Active Oxazol-5-(4H)-one via an Erlenmeyer–Plöchl Reaction (2015)

The synthesis of (Z)-4-(4-nitrobenzylidene)-2-phenyloxazol-5(4H)-one, which is a potent immunomodulator and tyrosinase inhibitor, is described as an experiment for an upper-division undergraduate organic chemistry laboratory course. This compound is produced via an Erlenmeyer–Plöchl reaction in the absence of any additional solvents and is isolated without need of preparative chromatography, yielding up to 97% of product.
A high‐productivity task‐based programming model for clusters (2012)

SUMMARY Programming for large‐scale, multicore‐based architectures requires adequate tools that offer ease of programming and do not hinder application performance. StarSs is a family of parallel programming models based on automatic function‐level parallelism that targets productivity. StarSs deploys a data‐flow model: it analyzes dependencies between tasks and manages their execution, exploiting their concurrency as much as possible. This paper introduces Cluster Superscalar (ClusterSs), a new StarSs member designed to execute on clusters of SMPs (Symmetric Multiprocessors). ClusterSs tasks are asynchronously created and assigned to the available resources with the support of the IBM APGAS runtime, which provides an efficient and portable communication layer based on one‐sided communication. We present the design of ClusterSs on top of APGAS, as well as the programming model and execution runtime for Java applications. Finally, we evaluate the productivity of ClusterSs, both in terms of programmability and performance and compare it to that of the IBM X10 language. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Effects of testosterone on adenosine triphosphate and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide levels, and on nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylytransfersee activity, in the ventral prostate of castrated rats. (1968)

Using different analytical methods, it was possible to confirm the observation of Ritter [ Mol. Pharmacol. 2 , 125 (1966)] that within the first few hours after injection of free testosterone into castrated rats there occurs a large yet transient fall in the total level of ATP in the ventral prostate gland. In contrast to Ritter’s findings, however, only marginal changes in the total levels of NAD and NADH in the prostate occurred over the first few hours after androgen administration. The findings presented do not support Ritter’s conclusion that an increased biosynthesis of NAD represents a major early biochemical event in the action of androgens on the prostate of orchiectomized rats. Observations on the properties of prostatic nuclear nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase (EC [2.7.7.1][1]) and changes in the activity of this enzyme due to androgen deprival and administration are documented. An NMN-dependent polymerization of the adenylate moiety of 14C-ATP by prostatic cell nuclei is also described.

 [1]: pending:yes
DC and AC performance of leaky-mode metal-semiconductor-metal polysilicon photodetectors (2010)

Metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) polysilicon photodetectors which are compatible with all standard complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) processes and which were made in a commercial 0.35 ìm process have demonstrated DC responsivities up to 1.3 A/W at 690 nm. An effective absorption coefficient of 0.63 dB/ìm was found from a comparison of responsivities of 5- and 10-&mu;m long detectors. For a constant bias voltage, responsivity varies as the inverse square of the contact spacing, with responsivity continuing to increase for the smallest available contact spacing devices. Responsivities corresponding to quantum efficiencies over 200% were observed, implying a gain mechanism. For AC performance, electrical pulse full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) as low as 0.81 ns and 10% - 90% rise times as low as 0.39 ns have been measured in response to ~0.65 ns FWHM optical input pulses. The ability to modulate the source laser diode limits the measured pulse performance of the detectors. Observed DC and pulse results are well explained by an analytic expression which incorporates the effects of bulk and contact recombination. Possible means of improving the detector speed are proposed.2
Electron-Enhanced Atomic Layer Deposition of Boron Nitride Thin Films at Room Temperature and 100 °C (2018)

Electron-enhanced atomic layer deposition (EE-ALD) was used to deposit boron nitride (BN) thin films at room temperature and 100 °C using sequential exposures of borazine (B<sub>3</sub>N<sub>3</sub>H<sub>6</sub>) and electrons. Electron-stimulated desorption (ESD) of hydrogen surface species and the corresponding creation of reactive dangling bonds are believed to facilitate borazine adsorption and reduce the temperature required for BN film deposition. In situ ellipsometry measurements showed that the BN film thickness increased linearly versus the number of EE-ALD cycles at room temperature. Maximum growth rates of ~3.2 Å/cycle were measured at electron energies of 80-160 eV. BN film growth was self-limiting versus borazine and electron exposures, as expected for an ALD process. The calculated average hydrogen ESD cross section was <i>σ</i> = 4.2 × 10<sup>-17</sup> cm<sup>2</sup>. Ex situ spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements across the ~1 cm<sup>2</sup> area of the BN film defined by the electron beam displayed good uniformity in thickness. Ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and in situ Auger spectroscopy revealed high purity, slightly boron-rich BN films with C and O impurity levels <3 at. %. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) imaging revealed polycrystalline hexagonal and turbostratic BN with the basal planes approximately parallel to the substrate surface. Ex situ grazing incidence X-ray diffraction measurements observed peaks consistent with hexagonal BN with domain sizes of 1-2 nm. The BN EE-ALD growth rate of ~3.2 Å/cycle is close to the distance of 3.3 Å between BN planes in hexagonal BN. The growth rate and HR-TEM images suggest that approximately one monolayer of BN is deposited for every BN EE-ALD cycle. TEM and scanning TEM/electron energy loss spectroscopy measurements of BN EE-ALD on trenched wafers also showed preferential BN EE-ALD on the horizontal surfaces. This selective deposition on the horizontal surfaces suggests that EE-ALD may enable bottom-up filling of vias and trenches.
IF-to-digital converter for FM/AM/IBOC radio (2004)

An IF-to-digital converter that can handle AM, FM, and IBOC (In Band On Channel) signals is presented. The highest radio quality is obtained by a front-end with a single tuner and two IF-to-digital converters for seamless blending between the AM/FM and the IBOC (digital radio) mode. The IF-to-digital converters incorporate mixers that are highly insensitive to parasitic double sampling. Besides the converters the chip includes digital IF post-processing circuitry, three radio DSPs (digital signal processors) and the audio part to fulfill the rest of the car radio functions. Radio functions like signal quality improvement, signal demodulation, weak signal handling, multipath, phase antenna diversity and customer specific features are implemented in software for high system flexibility. The IF-to-digital converter is processed in a 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS process and achieves 99dB in a 3kHz Am bandwidth, 79dB in the 200kHz FM band and 74dB in 575kHz for IBOC.
Resonator-Based Bidirectional Lorentz Force Magnetic Sensor (2021)

We present a low power high sensitive in-plane resonant bidirectional Lorentz-force magnetic micro-sensor operating in air at ambient pressure. The concept is based on the detection of the resonance frequency shift of an electrothermally straight micro-beam resonator operated near the buckling point. Powered at 20 $\mu \text{W}$ , the micro-sensor shows a measured sensitivity (S) of 3.32/(mA.T), which is very high compared to the state of the art. The proposed method is simple in design making it promising for achieving practical low-cost magnetometer.
Optimal design of 4LP-mode multicore fibers for high spatial multiplicity (2017)

High spatial multiplicity fiber designs are presented for homogeneous and heterogeneous 4LP-mode multicore fibers (MCFs) that support six spatial modes per core. The high-spatial-density 4LP-mode MCF design methodology is explained in detail. The influence of the number of cores on the cladding diameter (D<sub>cl</sub>) and relative core multiplicity factor (RCMF) is investigated. The optimal core designs and MCF layouts with square and triangular lattices maintain glass fiber reliability (maximum D<sub>cl</sub> = 250 μm). For homogeneous 4LP-mode MCFs, a 19-core triangular-lattice fiber gives the highest RCMF of 61.7. For heterogeneous 4LP-mode MCFs, an RCMF of 65.4 is obtained for a 21-core square-lattice fiber.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of Fluorescent α‐Amino Acids Containing Oxine (8‐Hydroxyquinoline) and Their Peptide Incorporation in Chemosensors for Divalent Zinc. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Cost benefit analysis of different redundant solutions for battery-generator-solar hybrid systems (2014)

By simulation, provide a quantitative cost-benefit study of various redundant solar configurations at Remote Off-Grid RBS (Radio Base Stations) to configure the best answer. As the objective of a solar array is to improve finance operational of the site, as demonstrated the application of traditional N+1 or 2N converter solutions are often not the best answer. Proper configuration and over-provisioning the array is the usual best answer given today's power part reliability.
Clinical measurement of normal and shear stresses on a trans-tibial stump (1993)

Stresses on the surface of a stump within a prosthetic socket during walking can potentially traumatize stump tissues. To gain insight into stresses and design parameters that affect them, normal and shear interface stresses were measured on three unilateral trans-tibial amputee subjects during walking trials. During stance phase repeated characteristics in wave-form shapes from different subjects were apparent. They included "loading delays", "high frequency events (HFE's)", "first peaks", "valleys", "second peaks", and "push-off". Characteristics did not necessarily occur at the same time from one step to the next but their timings matched well with events in shank force and moment data which were collected simultaneously. For "plantarflexion" and "dorsiflexion" alignment changes, the above wave-form characteristics were still present but their timings within the stance phase changed. The physical meaning and relevance of the characteristics to stump tissue mechanics are discussed.
PET evidence of neuroplasticity in adult auditory cortex of postlingual deafness. (2003)

This study suggests that plasticity is present in adult brains of postlingually deaf patients. In the mature brain, auditory deprivation decreased neuronal activity transiently in primary auditory and auditory-related cortices, and, over time, functional reorganization likely takes place in the auditory cortex. Plasticity was prominent in superior temporal and anterior cingulate gyri in the sensory-deprived mature brain and militated against postimplantation improvement in patients with cochlear implants.
Application of Atomic Layer Deposition of Platinum to Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (2008)

In this study, atomic layer deposition (ALD) was used to deposit Pt thin films as an electrode/catalyst layer for solid oxide fuel cells. I−V measurements were performed to determine the dependence of the fuel cell performance on the Pt film thickness at different operating temperatures. The measured fuel cell performance revealed that comparable peak power densities were achieved for ALD-deposited Pt anodes with only one-fifth of the platinum loading relative to dc-sputtered Pt anodes. The Pt films fabricated by dc sputtering and ALD had different microstructure, which accounted for the difference in their performance as a fuel cell anode. In addition to the continuous electrocatalyst layer, a micropatterned Pt structure was fabricated via area-selective ALD and used as a current collector grid/patterned catalyst for the fuel cells. An improvement of the fuel cell performance by a factor of 10 was observed using the Pt current collector grid/patterned catalyst integrated onto cathodic La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ. The study suggests the potential to achieve improved performance and/or lower loadings using ALD for catalysts in fuel cells.
Differences in the Plasma Transport and Tissue Concentrations of Tocopherols and Tocotrienols: Observations in Humans and Hamsters (1993)

Certain aspects of tocopherol and tocotrienol absorption, plasma transport, and tissue distribution were examined in humans and hamsters. Plasma transport differed in that tocopherols were found primarily in low density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein in association with plasma surface components, whereas tocotrienols disappeared from plasma with chylomicron clearance. In keeping with transport by triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, tocotrienols were deposited in conjunction with triglycerides in the adipose tissue of hamsters. In hamsters, tocopherols were the only tocol readily detected in all tissues, except adipose during tocotrienol supplementation. In fasting humans, the plasma tocotrienol concentration was not significantly increased after tocotrienol supplementation, whereas the platelet concentration of delta-tocotrienol doubled. Furthermore, tocotrienol intake did not appear to modulate the plasma cholesterol concentration in normolipemic hamsters. Thus, the transport, tissue concentration, and relative biologic function of tocopherol and tocotrienol appear somewhat disparate and possibly unrelated.
Enzymatic Removal and Replacement of Nucleotides at Single Strand Breaks in Deoxyribonucleic Acid (1971)

Abstract Pancreatic DNase has been used to introduce single phosphodiester bond interruptions (nicks) into double stranded circular DNA. Such DNA substrates have been used to study the action of several exonucleases at the site of nicks. Escherichia coli exonuclease III and the exonuclease activities of phage T4 DNA polymerase (3' → 5'-nuclease) and E. coli DNA polymerase (3' → 5'- and 5' → 3'-nuclease) initiate hydrolysis at these sites as well as at the termini of linear molecules. Under conditions of limited hydrolysis, these enzymes initiate hydrolysis at all nicks in the molecules. In contrast, phage λ exonuclease is unable to hydrolyze DNA containing nicks. Either the phage T4 or the E. coli DNA polymerase, in the presence of the four deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates, can completely fill in the gaps created by exonuclease action. The combined 5' → 3'-hydrolytic activity and the polymerizing activity of the E. coli DNA polymerase can account for the conversion of a nick displaying a 5'-hydroxyl end group to one displaying a 5'-phosphomonoester; i.e. the nick is translated. These studies have been facilitated by the use of polynucleotide ligase to distinguish nicks containing 5'-phosphomonoesters from gaps and from nicks containing 5'-hydroxyl groups. E. coli alkaline phosphatase does not readily distinguish 5'-phosphomonoesters at gaps from those at nicks; quantitative hydrolysis of phosphomonoesters at these sites by the phosphatase requires a higher temperature than that required for the hydrolysis of phosphomonoesters at the ends of linear duplexes.
A formal HDL and its use in the FM9001 verification (1992)

Abstract A synchronous, hierarchical, occurrence-oriented, hardware description language (HDL) has been formalized with the Boyer-Moore logic. Well-formed HDL circuits are recognized by a predicate, and a unit-clock simulator defines the meaning of circuits expressed in the HDL. This HDL has been used to specify an implementation of the FM9001 microprocessor that has been mechanically proved to implement the FM9001 instruction-level specification. All proofs were mechanically checked using the Boyer-Moore theorem-proving system. The formalization of the HDL, the FM9001 user-level specification, and the FM9001 HDL implementation architecture specification required more than 700 function definitions. The mechanical proof is composed of thousands of theorem prover proof requests and millions of theorem prover inference steps.
In vivo CRISPR screening identifies SAGA complex members as key regulators of hematopoiesis (2022)

The biological mechanisms that sustain the vast blood production required for healthy life remain incompletely understood. To search for novel regulators of hematopoiesis, we performed genome-wide in vivo hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)-based CRISPR knockout screens for regulators of hematopoiesis. We discovered SAGA complex members, including <i>Tada2b</i> and <i>Taf5l</i> , as key regulators of hematopoiesis. Loss of <i>Tada2b</i> or <i>Taf5l</i> strongly inhibited hematopoiesis <i>in vivo</i> , led to a buildup of immature hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow, and was associated with upregulation of interferon pathway genes. Loss of these factors also enhanced the cell outgrowth and the interferon pathway in an <i>in vivo</i> human myelodysplastic syndrome model, suggesting that loss of SAGA complex activity could contribute to hematological disease progression. In summary, this study has identified the SAGA complex as an important regulator of hematopoiesis.
Organic polymers classification using QCL spectroscopy (2020)

We present preliminary results for a methodology to classify different consumer plastics using mid infrared spectroscopy with an external cavity quantum cascade laser (9.09 – 10.52 µm) for potential applications on microplastics identification in ecosystems.
Photodissociation (2016)

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy’s Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.
Binding Inhibition Assay Using Fiber-Optic Based Biosensor for the Detection of Foodborne Pathogens (2006)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Effective medium theory of boundary optical stress (2016)

Electromagnetic wave induced forces have been extensively studied for decades. It has been well known that for an electromagnetic wave propagating in vacuum the photons carrying momentum exert a positive photon pressure on an object. However, a metamaterial can have a negative effective refractive index, in which case the wave vector is directed towards the source of radiation. In such a medium, should light induce a “tension” instead of a pressure on a boundary? Using a generic microscopic model that takes into account the underlying microstructure of a metamaterial, we come to a surprising conclusion that the boundary stress induced by an electromagnetic plane wave is in fact indeterminate if only the macroscopic effective permittivity and permeability are specified, although such parameters are sufficient for determining the total force. The microscopic lattice symmetry of the polarizable units that constitute the metamaterial affects both the direction and the magnitude of the boundary stress. We show that the boundary stress is different in different lattice systems, although they are designed to have the same effective permittivity and permeability. Such a lattice dependence persists even if the wavelength is much larger than the size of the lattice unit, in which case the effective parameters are very accurate in the usual sense of effective medium theories. When treating a metamateiral as an effective medium, one can determine the boundary stress using the Helmholtz stress tensor and the lattice symmetry is taken into account by the electrostriction and magnetostriction terms in this tensor.