gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Eye-movement sequence statistics and hypothesis-testing with classical recurrence analysis (2014)

Dynamical systems analysis tools, like Recurrence Plotting (RP), allow for concise mathematical representations of complex systems with relatively simple descriptive metrics. These methods are invariant for phase-space trajectories of a time series from a dynamical system, allowing analyses on simplified data sets which preserve the system model's dynamics. In the past decade, recurrence methods have been applied to eye-tracking, but those analyses avoided Time-Delay Embedding (TDE). Without TDE, we lose the assumption that phase-space trajectories are being preserved in the recurrence plot. Thus, analysis has been typically limited to clustering fixation locations in the image space, instead of clustering data sequences in the phase space. We will show how classical recurrence analysis methods can be extended to allow for multi-modal data visualization and quantification, by presenting an open-source python implementation for analyzing eye movements.
Purification and Properties of Alcohol Oxidase from Poria contigua (1979)

1. Alcohol oxidase (alcohol:oxygen oxidoreductase) was purified 22-fold from the brown rot fungus Poria contigua. The final enzyme preparation was homogeneous as judged by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and by sedimentation in an ultracentrifuge. The molecular weight was calculated to be 610000 +/- 5000 from sedimentation equilibrium experiments. Electrophoresis in sodium dodecylsulfate gels and electron microscopic analysis indicate that the enzyme is an octamer composed of eight probably identical subunits, each having a molecular weight of 79 000. The enzyme contains eight mol FAD/mol as the prosthetic group. 2. This alcohol oxidase oxidizes not only methanol but also lower primary alcohols (C2-C4), 2-propin-1-ol and formaldehyde. The apparent Km value for methanol is 0.2 mM, and that for formaldehyde 6.1 mM. Sodium azide was found to be a competitive inhibitor with respect to methanol. 3. The enzyme from the fungus Poria contigua is immunologically different from the alcohol oxidase isolated from the methanol-utilizing yeast Candida boidinii. Furthermore antiserum raised against this enzyme did not cross-react with the alcohol oxidase from the white rot fungus Polyporus obtusus.
Minimization Of CO Poisoning In Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells Using in situ PrOx Catalysts (2008)

Abstract not Available.
In Vivo Myelin Water Imaging Using 3D Multi-Gradient-Echo Pulse Sequences (2010)

Quantitative imaging of the myelin water fraction (MWF) is able to show demyelinating processes and therefore provides insight into the pathology of white matter diseases such as multiple sclerosis. So far, mapping of the MWF most often was performed using single-slice multi-echo spin-echo sequences. Lately, a different approach, using multi-gradient-echo pulse sequences, was introduced by one study measuring formalin-fixed brains and has been adapted to in vivo measurements by different groups since then. In this work, we present a solution for 3D in vivo myelin water imaging with whole brain coverage by applying multi-gradient-echo pulse sequences and using a non-negative least squares algorithm to analyze the T2*
The effect of Bi adsorption on CO oxidation inside 1.8 nm Pt pores (2011)

Modification of the surface of H(1)-e Pt with Bi causes significant changes in the CO stripping voltammetry; the pre-wave disappears and CO and Bi oxidation peaks appear. The absence of the pre-wave suggests that Bi preferentially adsorbs on the trough sites of the concave 1.8 nm diameter pore walls preventing oxygenated species from nucleating there.
Electron-Trap and Hole-Trap Distributions in Metal/Oxide/Nitride/Oxide/Silicon Structures (2013)

Distributions of both electron traps and hole traps in metal/oxide/nitride/oxide/silicon (MONOS) structures were studied. These trap distributions were analyzed by using a combination of an avalanche-injection method and capacitance-voltage measurement. The thicknesses of the nitride layers in the MONOS capacitors were varied. It was found that electron traps are mainly located at both the top and bottom oxide/nitride interfaces, whereas hole traps are located at the interfaces as well as in the nitride bulk. This analysis clarified that electron-trap capability decreases anomalously in the range of nitride thickness of less than 4 nm. Moreover, the effective activation energy of electron emission also decreases at nitride thickness less than around 5 nm. These decreases are considered to be accounted for by detrapping due to the Coulomb repulsion between electrons at both interfaces and electron trapping in the interfacial transition layers.
Apoptotic exosome-like vesicles regulate endothelial gene expression, inflammatory signaling, and function through the NF-κB signaling pathway (2020)

Persistent endothelial injury promotes maladaptive responses by favoring the release of factors leading to perturbation in vascular homeostasis and tissue architecture. Caspase-3 dependent death of microvascular endothelial cells leads to the release of unique apoptotic exosome-like vesicles (ApoExo). Here, we evaluate the impact of ApoExo on endothelial gene expression and function in the context of a pro-apoptotic stimulus. Endothelial cells exposed to ApoExo differentially express genes involved in cell death, inflammation, differentiation, and cell movement. Endothelial cells exposed to ApoExo showed inhibition of apoptosis, improved wound closure along with reduced angiogenic activity and reduced expression of endothelial markers consistent with the first phase of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (endoMT). ApoExo interaction with endothelial cells also led to NF-κB activation. NF-κB is known to participate in endothelial dysfunction in numerous diseases. Silencing NF-κB reversed the anti-apoptotic effect and the pro-migratory state and prevented angiostatic properties and CD31 downregulation in endothelial cells exposed to ApoExo. This study identifies vascular injury-derived extracellular vesicles (ApoExo) as novel drivers of NF-κB activation in endothelial cells and demonstrates the pivotal role of this signaling pathway in coordinating ApoExo-induced functional changes in endothelial cells. Hence, targeting ApoExo-mediated NF-κB activation in endothelial cells opens new avenues to prevent endothelial dysfunction.
Tumor Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicle-Coated Nanocarriers: An Efficient Theranostic Platform for the Cancer-Specific Delivery of Anti-miR-21 and Imaging Agents (2018)

MicroRNAs are critical regulators of cancer initiation, progression, and dissemination. Extensive evidence suggests that the inhibition of over-expressed oncogenic miRNA function can be a robust strategy for anticancer therapy. However, in vivo targeted delivery of miRNA therapeutics to various types of cancers remains a major challenge. Inspired by their natural synthesis and cargo delivery capabilities, researchers have exploited tumor cell-derived extracellular vesicles (TEVs) for the cancer-targeted delivery of therapeutics and theranostics. Here, we investigate a TEV-based nanoplatform for multimodal miRNA delivery and phototherapy treatments as well as the magnetic resonance imaging of cancer. We demonstrated loading of anti-miR-21 that blocks the function of endogenous oncogenic miR-21 over-expressed in cancer cells into and subsequent delivery by TEVs derived from 4T1 cells. We also produced Cy5-anti-miR-21-loaded TEVs from two other cancer cell lines (HepG2 and SKBR3) and confirmed their robust homologous and heterologous transfection efficiency and intracellular Cy5-anti-miR-21 delivery. Additionally, TEV-mediated anti-miR-21 delivery attenuated doxorubicin (DOX) resistance in breast cancer cells with a 3-fold higher cell kill efficiency than in cells treated with DOX alone. We then investigated TEVs as a biomimetic source for the functionalization of gold-iron oxide nanoparticles (GIONs) and demonstrated nanotheranostic properties of TEV-GIONs in vitro. TEV-GIONs demonstrated excellent T2 contrast in in vitro magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and resulted in efficient photothermal effect in 4T1 cells. We also evaluated the biodistribution and theranostic property of anti-miR-21 loaded TEV-GIONs in vivo by labeling with indocyanine green near-infrared dye. We further validated the tumor specific accumulation of TEV-GIONs using MR imaging. Our findings demonstrate that the distribution pattern of the TEV-anti-miR-21-GIONs correlated well with the tumor-targeting capability as well as the activity and efficacy obtained in response to doxorubicin combination treatments. TEVs and TEV-GIONs are promising nanotheranostics for future applications in cancer molecular imaging and therapy.
Processing along the way: forwarding vs. coding (2004)

We consider a source that transmits to a receiver by routing the information packets over a communication network and examine rate benefits that finite complex-ity processing at the intermediate nodes may offer. We show that the processing capabilities of the interme-diate nodes affect not only the end-to-end achievable rate, but also the optimal routing strategy. For ex-ample, there exist network configurations where the maximal throughput is achieved only by coding across independent information streams. 1.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convergent Route to Functional Protected Amines, Diamines, and β‐Amino Acids. (2015)

Abstract A powerful and flexible strategy to densely functionalized protected amines and diamines is presented.
Deschloroclozapine, a potent and selective chemogenetic actuator enables rapid neuronal and behavioral modulations in mice and monkeys (2019)

Abstract The chemogenetic technology Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADDs) affords remotely reversible control of cellular signaling, neuronal activity and behavior. Although the combination of muscarinic-based DREADDs with clozapine-N-oxide (CNO) has been widely used, sluggish kinetics, metabolic liabilities, and potential off-target effects of CNO represent areas for improvement. Here we provide a new high affinity and selective agonist deschloroclozapine (DCZ) for muscarinic-based DREADDs. Positron emission tomography revealed that DCZ selectively bound to and occupied DREADDs in both mice and monkeys. Systemic delivery of low doses of DCZ (1 or 3 μg/kg) enhanced neuronal activity via hM 3 Dq within minutes in mice and monkeys. Intramuscular injections of DCZ (100 μg/kg) reversibly induced spatial working memory deficits in monkeys expressing hM 4 Di in the prefrontal cortex. DCZ represents the most potent, selective, metabolically stable and fast-acting DREADD agonist reported with utility in both mice and non-human primates for a variety of applications.
Contrast evoked potentials in strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia. (1978)

Steady-state visual evoked potentials were elicited by the appearance/disappearance of sinusoidal gratings of varying spatial frequency for both eyes of amblyopic subjects. The amblyopic eyes showed reduced responses and a phase shift relative to the nonamblyopic eyes across a wide range of spatial frequencies. Both the nonamblyopic and amblyopic eyes showed a linear relationship between the evoked potential amplitude and the logarithm of the stimulus contrast; however, the slope of the line was flatter for the amblyopic eyes.
A 60GHz class F-E power VCO with vector-modulator feedback in 65nm CMOS technology (2012)

A structure of a millimeter-wave transmitter architecture based on a Power VCO principle including a vector-modulator as a feedback loop solution is presented. This structure is dedicated to the V-band around 60 GHz. The Power VCO is designed in 65nm CMOS technology of STMicroelectronics. It is composed of a 2 stages class F-E power amplifier inserted in a loop to fulfill the oscillation conditions. The simulation results shows 9.7dBm output power at 60 GHz, a phase noise of -91.6dBc/Hz at 1MHz offset, for a consumption of 157mW.
Nano-optical imaging ofWSe2waveguide modes revealing light-exciton interactions (2016)

The authors perform near-field nanoimaging of various waveguide modes inside thin flakes of WSe${}_{2}$ by using state-of-the-art near-field scanning optical microscopy. This compound is a prototypical transition metal dichalcogenide with strongly bound excitons. The nanoimaging data provides direct evidence of strong coupling between waveguide photon modes and excitons. Such coupling generates hybrid polaritonic modes that are imaged for the first time as propagative modes in real space. This work uncovers in real space the physics of nanoscale light-matter interactions in van der Waals semiconductors and thus provides guidelines for future applications of this class of materials in nanophotonics and optoelectronics.
On the Suitability of a New High-Power Lithium Ion Battery for Hybrid Electric Vehicle Applications (2003)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Due to the low cost of the battery cells and excellent performance at ambient temperature, Lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery is a promising technology for propulsion applications. However, the performance of Li-ion batteries erodes drastically at extreme temperatures (above 65 °C or below 0 °C). Therefore, in order to maintain battery life and performance, it is crucial to keep the batteries within the temperature range where their operating characteristics are optimal. The need for expensive and complex thermal management systems has in fact kept the Li-ion technology from becoming the first choice for Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) applications. In this paper, we propose a Phase Change Material (PCM) for the temperature control.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Due to its high heat capacity, PCM absorbs the heat dissipated by the battery. As long as the heat emitted by the battery does not melt the PCM completely, the system is stable. In this paper, the performance of high-energy Li-ion batteries with a novel thermal management system that uses PCM for temperature control is compared to the Nickel Metal Hydrate (NiMH) batteries currently used in Toyota Prius and Honda Insight HEVs. The battery model is developed using the advanced vehicle simulator (ADVISOR) software, a Matlab/Simulink based software developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), and validated experimentally. Thermal stability of the batteries is examined using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) for different environmental conditions, driving patterns, and control strategies. Taken together, our results implicate that the PCM is a cheap and reliable thermal management solution. Due to its low thermal conductivity, PCM is more effective if coupled with Aluminum fins and Aluminum foam.&lt;/div&gt;
Generative Agents: Interactive Simulacra of Human Behavior (2023)

Believable proxies of human behavior can empower interactive applications ranging from immersive environments to rehearsal spaces for interpersonal communication to prototyping tools. In this paper, we introduce generative agents--computational software agents that simulate believable human behavior. Generative agents wake up, cook breakfast, and head to work; artists paint, while authors write; they form opinions, notice each other, and initiate conversations; they remember and reflect on days past as they plan the next day. To enable generative agents, we describe an architecture that extends a large language model to store a complete record of the agent's experiences using natural language, synthesize those memories over time into higher-level reflections, and retrieve them dynamically to plan behavior. We instantiate generative agents to populate an interactive sandbox environment inspired by The Sims, where end users can interact with a small town of twenty five agents using natural language. In an evaluation, these generative agents produce believable individual and emergent social behaviors: for example, starting with only a single user-specified notion that one agent wants to throw a Valentine's Day party, the agents autonomously spread invitations to the party over the next two days, make new acquaintances, ask each other out on dates to the party, and coordinate to show up for the party together at the right time. We demonstrate through ablation that the components of our agent architecture--observation, planning, and reflection--each contribute critically to the believability of agent behavior. By fusing large language models with computational, interactive agents, this work introduces architectural and interaction patterns for enabling believable simulations of human behavior.
Luminescent Terbium Protein Labels for Time‐Resolved Microscopy and Screening (2009)

Brilliance of terbium: Heterodimeric conjugates of trimethoprim covalently linked to sensitized terbium chelates bind to Escherichia coli dihydrofolate reductase fusion proteins with nanomolar affinity (see picture). Terbium luminescence enables sensitive and time-resolved detection of labeled proteins in vitro and on the surface of living mammalian cells.
A 0.5V operation, 32% lower active power, 42% lower leakage current, ferroelectric 6T-SRAM with V<inf>TH</inf> self-adjusting function for 60% larger St atic Noise Margin (2009)

A 0.5V 6T-SRAM with ferroelectric (Fe-) FETs is proposed and experimentally demonstrated for the first time. The proposed SRAM has a unique configuration to apply the body of NMOS and PMOS with V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</sub> and V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">SS</sub> . During the read and the hold, the V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TH</sub> of Fe-FETs automatically changes to increase the static noise margin, SNM, by 60%. During the sand-by, the V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TH</sub> of the proposed SRAM cell increases to decrease the leakage current by 42%. In case of the read, the V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TH</sub> of the read transistor decreases and increases the cell read current to achieve the fast read. During the write, the V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TH</sub> of the SRAM cell dynamically changes and assist the cell data to flip, realizing a write assist function. The enlarged SNM realizes the V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</sub> reduction by 0.11 V, which decreases the active power, f × C × V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , by 32%. Since the transistor count is minimized to 6 which is similar to the conventional SRAM, the proposed SRAM realizes the smallest area.
Tactile Sensor Structure Optimized for Sliding Motion With High Resolution Recording of Surface Topography (2023)

The demand for tactile devices with human-like exquisiteness has recently been increasing in various fields. Among the various parameters that humans feel through the tactile system, temperature and surface topography are the most important parameters to achieve artificial tactile devices with human level precision. Here, we present a new tactile sensor with high resolution surface topography recording and temperature measurement. Our tactile sensor was designed to have a surface topography sensing part driven by P(VDF-TrFE) and a thermistor part for temperature sensing. Even though the sensor touched the same temperature object, the sliding condition showed different resistance change values. Therefore, the correlation factors of the sliding velocity to temperature were defined with a simple relation function. To achieve high resolution recording, ‘zig-zag’ arrayed tactile sensor can overcome the limitations of simple matrix cell design. The design eliminates empty spaces between sensor cells. By using these systems, a resolution of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sim 500\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> to x-direction was achieved. This tactile sensor has linear sensitivity to pressure with a superior response time of 10ms for dynamic sensing. By integrating the dynamic piezoelectric signals during the sliding motion, we can reconstruct the surface topography of various objects.
Supplementary Figure 3H from Aberrant Silencing of Cancer-Related Genes by CpG Hypermethylation Occurs Independently of Their Spatial Organization in the Nucleus (2023)

Supplementary Figure 3H from Aberrant Silencing of Cancer-Related Genes by CpG Hypermethylation Occurs Independently of Their Spatial Organization in the Nucleus
Data flow synchronization of a real-time fusion system to detect and recognize smart TV gestures (2018)

This paper presents the data flow synchronization aspects of running a fusion system on a modern laptop in real-time. The fusion system uses two differing modality sensors of a Kinect depth camera and a wearable inertial sensor to detect and recognize a number of actions of interest from continuous action streams. This system is utilized to detect and recognize smart TV gestures when they are performed in a random and continuous manner among various actions of non-interest. It is shown that the processing times associated with the components of the developed fusion system lead to the real-time operation of the system on modern laptops.
Investigation of Frenkel-Pair Formation in HfO2 and Its Influence on OxRAM Memory Reliability (2014)

Oxide based RRAM memories are considered as potential candidates to replace floating gate memory devices [1-2] due to their proven low power operation , high switching speed [3] and compatibility with conventional CMOS back-end-of-line process. The working principle relies on the reversible change of the oxide layer’s resistance between two levels namely HRS (High Resistance State) and LRS (Low Resistance State). This resistance change has been widely attributed to the creation/reconstruction and rupture of a localized or multiple conductive filaments (CF) in the oxide layer. Various companies [4] and research laboratories [5] have adopted the HfO x solution as the active oxide layer that casts the memory effect. However, the process of the CF creation responsible for resistive switching and the oxide layer degradation are yet to be fully explored. In this paper we use first principles calculations to investigate Frenkel-Pair formation (FP) in HfO 2 that play an important role in the CF creation. Depending on the electrode nature, its work function and reactivity with oxygen, we bring more insight into the FP formation leading to CF creation and device reliability. We show that oxygen active electrodes with low work function, like Ti, improve device reliability. Finally, endurance tests on a memory cell with Ti as top electrode were performed to assess cycling stability. Endurance up to 10 8 cycles, with optimized set conditions has been demonstrated. [1] H. Akinaga and H. Shima, Proc. IEEE, vol. 98, p. 2237, 2010.[2] V. Sriraman et al., IPCSIT, vol. 32, p.101, 2012 [3] B. Govoreanu et al., IEDM Tech. Dig., pp. 729-732, 2011 [4] Ch. Walczyk et al., J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 29, 01AD02 (2011) [5] Y.S.Chen et al., IEDM Tech. Dig,pp. 31.3.1 - 31.3.4,2011.