gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Parasitic energy barriers in SiGe HBTs (1991)

Parasitic energy barriers can easily be introduced during processing. Measurements and calculations of experimental n-p-n HBTs (heterojunction bipolar transistors) are presented, showing that a parasitic conduction-band barrier at the base-collector junction reduces the collector current and the cutoff frequency. A simple analytical model explains the f/sub T/ degradation, caused by the reduction of the collector current and a pileup of minority carriers in the base. With the model the effective height and width of the barrier can also be derived from the measured collector current enhancement factor I/sub C/(SiGe)/I/sub C/(Si).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Effects of Internally Mounted Cathodes on Hall Thruster Plume Properties (2008)

The effects of cathode position on the operation and plume properties of an 8-kW Hall thruster are discussed. Thruster operation was investigated at operating conditions ranging from 200 to 500 V of discharge voltage, 10-40 A of discharge current, and 2-8 kW of discharge power, with a cathode positioned either in the traditional externally mounted configuration outside the outer magnetic pole piece or in an internally mounted configuration central to the inner magnetic core. With the external cathode, substantial emission in the visible spectrum that follows magnetic field lines surrounds the exterior pole pieces of the thruster. With the internal cathode, the emission is largely absent while the cathode plume is compressed and elongated in the axial direction by the strong axial magnetic field on the thruster centerline. Discharge current oscillation and ion species fraction measurements were found to be similar for the cathode locations, whereas the operation with the internal cathode was found to favor an improved coupling of the cathode plume with the thruster discharge. Ion current density measurements show that with respect to externally mounted designs, internally mounted cathodes reduce plume divergence and increase the symmetry of the near-field plume. The impacts of internally mounted cathodes on thruster physics and spacecraft integration activities are assessed.
A stereo matching algorithm with an adaptive window: theory and experiment (2002)

An iterative stereo matching algorithm is presented which selects a window adaptively for each pixel. The selected window is optimal in the sense that it produces the disparity estimate having the least uncertainty after evaluating both the intensity and the disparity variations within a window. The algorithm employs a statistical model that represents uncertainty of disparity of points over the window; the uncertainty is assumed to increase with the distance of the point from the center point. The algorithm is completely local and does not include any global optimization. Also, the algorithm does not use any post-processing smoothing, but smooth surfaces are recovered as smooth while sharp disparity edges are retained. Experimental results have demonstrated a clear advantage of this algorithm over algorithms with a fixed-size window, for both synthetic and real images.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Photopolymerization of Epoxides with Platinum(II) Bis(acetylacetonato)/Silane Catalysts (2001)

Photopolymerization of epoxides in the presence of silanes RSi3H and platinum(II) bis(acetylacetonato) complexes is reported. The catalytic reactivity of the platinum complexes depended on the concentration ratio of silane/platinum complex to monomer and the molecular structure of the silanes, as well as the structure of the platinum complexes. A mechanism is proposed.
FDG-PET/CT imaging biomarkers in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (2012)

This article discusses the value of <sup>18</sup>F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose PET/CT imaging biomarkers in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. <sup>18</sup>F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose PET/CT is valuable at baseline staging, radiotherapy planning, therapy response assessment and in the follow-up of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Maximum and peak standardized uptake value (SUV<sub>max</sub> and SUV<sub>peak</sub>), metabolic tumor volume and total lesion glycolysis are the common <sup>18</sup>F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose quantitative parameters that have been studied, along with qualitative assessments. These parameters will be evaluated with respect to their established or potential role as noninvasive biomarkers for patient risk stratification, treatment response and survival outcome.
Unmasking the functions of the chromaffin cell α 7 nicotinic receptor by using short pulses of acetylcholine and selective blockers (1998)

Methyllycaconitine (MLA), alpha-conotoxin ImI, and alpha-bungarotoxin inhibited the release of catecholamines triggered by brief pulses of acetylcholine (ACh) (100 microM, 5 s) applied to fast-superfused bovine adrenal chromaffin cells, with IC50s of 100 nM for MLA and 300 nM for alpha-conotoxin ImI and alpha-bungarotoxin. MLA (100 nM), alpha-conotoxin ImI (1 microM), and alpha-bungarotoxin (1 microM) halved the entry of 45Ca2+ stimulated by 5-s pulses of 300 microM ACh applied to incubated cells. These supramaximal concentrations of alpha7 nicotinic receptor blockers depressed by 30% (MLA), 25% (alpha-bungarotoxin), and 50% (alpha-conotoxin ImI) the inward current generated by 1-s pulses of 100 microM ACh, applied to voltage-clamped chromaffin cells. In Xenopus oocytes expressing rat brain alpha7 neuronal nicotinic receptor for acetylcholine nAChR, the current generated by 1-s pulses of ACh was blocked by MLA, alpha-conotoxin ImI, and alpha-bungarotoxin with IC50s of 0.1 nM, 100 nM, and 1.6 nM, respectively; the current through alpha3 beta4 nAChR was unaffected by alpha-conotoxin ImI and alpha-bungarotoxin, and weakly blocked by MLA (IC50 = 1 microM). The functions of controlling the electrical activity, the entry of Ca2+, and the ensuing exocytotic response of chromaffin cells were until now exclusively attributed to alpha3 beta4 nAChR; the present results constitute the first evidence to support a prominent role of alpha7 nAChR in controlling such functions, specially under the more physiological conditions used here to stimulate chromaffin cells with brief pulses of ACh.
Long-Haul Raman-Assisted EDFA Systems with Ultra-Long Spans (2007)

We present a methodology to optimize a Raman assisted EDFA transmission system. We analyzed span lengths from 120 km to 210 km and then give in-depth numerical and experimental results for 150 km spans.
Design and simulation study of axial warp-knitted fabrics (2012)

In order to solve the problem of axial warp-knitted fabrics in computer aided design and realize fast designing,CAD design and simulation function of axial warp-knitted fabrics are studied.And on this basis an in-depth research of production process about axial warp-knitted fabrics is undertaken,the structural size of axial warp-knitted fabrics is measured,and CAD design models of these fabrics are built,including the ground structure model and weft structure model,with focuses on 2-D and 3-D simulation models of glass fiber yarn,loop,and laying-in yarn.With Visual C++ for development tools and combined with OpenGL graphics libraries,the CAD design and simulation functions of axial warp-knitted fabric are finally realized in the WKCAD4.0 system.
Coronary constriction impairs cardiac function and induces myocardial damage and ventricular remodeling in mice (1997)

To establish whether coronary artery narrowing (CAN) in mice was accompanied by depressed ventricular function, tissue injury, and modifications in cardiac anatomy, the left coronary artery was constricted in FVB/N mice and the animals were killed 7 days later. CAN consisted of a 53% reduction in luminal diameter, which resulted in a twofold increase in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. Left ventricular systolic pressure and left ventricular + and -dP/dt decreased 15, 21, and 11%, respectively. Left ventricular weight-to-body weight ratio increased 33%. This hypertrophic adaptation was characterized by a 9 and 20% increase in the longitudinal and transverse cavitary diameters, which provoked a 1.5-fold expansion in chamber volume. In contrast, wall thickness decreased 15%. These anatomic and functional changes induced a threefold elevation in diastolic stress. Foci of reparative fibrosis were found in the endomyocardium and epimyocardium, involving 2-3% of the tissue. Finally, myocyte loss in the ventricle was 15%, and myocyte hypertrophy was 38%. Impaired ventricular function, diastolic Laplace overloading, myocyte loss, and decompensated eccentric hypertrophy in mice after CAN mimic the ischemic cardiomyopathic heart in humans.
Laparoscopic placement of cervical cerclage. (2012)

Cervical shortening is believed to be a marker for generalized intrauterine inflammation and has a strong association with spontaneous preterm birth. A variety of therapies, including vaginal and intramuscular progesterone, pessary, and cerclage, have been demonstrated to be effective in specific clinical circumstances. Cervical cerclage can be placed via transvaginal, open transabdominal, or laparoscopic transabdominal approach, preferably before pregnancy. A laparoscopic approach may be superior to the transabdominal approach in terms of surgical outcomes, cost, and postoperative morbidity.
Molecular regulation of apoptotic machinery and lipid metabolism by mTORC1/mTORC2 dual inhibitors in preclinical models of HER2+/PIK3CAmut breast cancer (2016)

The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a rational target for cancer treatment. While the mTORC1-selective rapalogs have shown significant benefits in the clinic, antitumor response may be further improved by inhibiting both mTORC1 and mTORC2. Herein, we established target profile of a novel mTOR kinase inhibitor (mTOR-KI) MTI-31 and employed it to study new therapeutic mechanism in breast cancer. MTI-31 demonstrated a potent mTOR binding affinity with >5000 fold selectivity over the related PI3K family isoforms. MTI-31 inhibited mTORC1- and mTORC2 function at ≤120 nM in cellular assays or 5 mg/kg orally in tumor-bearing mice. In a panel of breast cancer lines, the antitumor efficacy of MTI-31 was dependent on HER2+ and/or PIK3CAmut (HER2+/PIK3CAmut) status of the tumors and required mTORC2-specific modulation of Bim, MCL-1 and GSK3. Inactivation of Bim or GSK3 each attenuated apoptotic death resulting in mTOR-KI resistance. The antitumor response also required a suppression of lipid metabolism in therapy-sensitive tumors. Treatment with MTI-31 or AZD8055 substantially reduced lipogenesis and acetyl-CoA homeostasis, which was mechanistically linked to a blockade of mTORC2-dependent glucose-to-lipid conversion rate. We also found that the basal levels of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A and lipid catabolism were elevated in HER2+/PIK3CAmut breast cells and were inhibited upon mTOR-KI treatment. A CPT1A inhibitor etomoxir mimicked MTI-31 action in selective downregulation of cellular lipid catabolism. Co-treatments with MTI-31 and etomoxir enhanced the suppression of cyclin D1, c-Myc and cell growth in HER2+/PIK3CAmut tumors. These new mechanistic findings provide a rationale for targeting mTORC1 and mTORC2 in HER2+/PIK3CAmut breast cancer.
Integrating 4G Optics(Conference Presentation) (2016)

The thickness of functional layers in liquid crystal photonics devices is negligibly small compared to the substrates. New opportunities provided by multilayer 4G optical systems require minimizing the thickness of each layer. We report about our progress made by developing technology of thin flexible substrates, functional polymer films, solid electro-optical layers, and graphene oxide based electro-conductive coatings.
lincRNAs act in the circuitry controlling pluripotency and differentiation (2011)

Abstract Although thousands of large intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs) have been identified in mammals, few have been functionally characterized, leading to debate about their biological role. To address this, we performed loss-of-function studies on most lincRNAs expressed in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells and characterized the effects on gene expression. Here we show that knockdown of lincRNAs has major consequences on gene expression patterns, comparable to knockdown of well-known ES cell regulators. Notably, lincRNAs primarily affect gene expression in trans. Knockdown of dozens of lincRNAs causes either exit from the pluripotent state or upregulation of lineage commitment programs. We integrate lincRNAs into the molecular circuitry of ES cells and show that lincRNA genes are regulated by key transcription factors and that lincRNA transcripts bind to multiple chromatin regulatory proteins to affect shared gene expression programs. Together, the results demonstrate that lincRNAs have key roles in the circuitry controlling ES cell state.
Adaptive input field neural network-that can recognize rotated and/or shifted character (1990)

Presents an adaptive input field neural network which is designed for the classification problem and can recognize rotated and/or shifted characters. It consists of an adaptive input field and an ordinal layered neural network. The input field contains input layer cells which are arranged according to a specific spatial constraint. This model can deal with a rotated and/or shifted input pattern. When such a pattern is presented, the input field is rotated and/or shifted to compensate for initial positional variance. Cells in the input field adjust their positions to reduce the error in the output layer. By utilizing delta values in the input layer, input cell movement direction can be decided. At the same time, the constraint between input cells is introduced to maintain a rectangular shape for the input field grid. Experiments were carried out on the recognition of five alphabetic characters. When an `A' was rotated 30° and presented to the input field, the input field rotated about 24 degrees against the initial rotation. The network was also effective in recognizing shifted patterns. An `A' that was shifted diagonally by 20% was also presented, and the input field shifted to the almost-diagonally normal position
ChemInform Abstract: Structure‐Based Drug Design of Nonpeptidic P2 Substituents for HIV‐1 Protease Inhibitors. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Fast and Robust Least Squares Estimation in Corrupted Linear Models (2014)

Subsampling methods have been recently proposed to speed up least squares estimation in large scale settings. However, these algorithms are typically not robust to outliers or corruptions in the observed covariates. The concept of influence that was developed for regression diagnostics can be used to detect such corrupted observations as shown in this paper. This property of influence -- for which we also develop a randomized approximation -- motivates our proposed subsampling algorithm for large scale corrupted linear regression which limits the influence of data points since highly influential points contribute most to the residual error. Under a general model of corrupted observations, we show theoretically and empirically on a variety of simulated and real datasets that our algorithm improves over the current state-of-the-art approximation schemes for ordinary least squares.
Human myeloperoxidase: A potential target for molecular MR imaging in atherosclerosis (2004)

Plaque rupture in atherosclerotic disease is the major cause of morbidity and correlates well with myeloperoxidase (MPO) secretion by activated neutrophils and macrophages in humans. We hypothesized that paramagnetic electron donor compounds that rapidly oxidize and polymerize in the presence of MPO could be designed to enable imaging of local MPO activity levels in arterial segments at risk. Several potential substrates for MPO were synthesized and tested. One lead compound consisting of a covalent conjugate of GdDOTA and serotonin (3-(2-aminoethyl)-5-hydroxyindole) was efficiently polymerized in the presence of human neutrophil MPO resulting in a 70-100% increase in proton relaxivity. As a result, we were able to demonstrate MPO activity in enzyme solutions and in a model tissue-like system. These studies suggest that activatable paramagnetic MR imaging agents can be used to directly image MPO activity.
Downregulation of MUC1 expression and its recognition by CD8+ T cells on the surface of malignant pleural mesothelioma cells treated with HDACi (2011)

Research into new treatments against malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is of great interest, as this aggressive cancer is often resistant to conventional therapies. One potential strategy is the use of epigenetic drugs, such as 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-azaCdR), a DNA-hypomethylating drug, and valproate (VPA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi). Indeed, these drugs not only trigger MPM cell death, but also induce the expression of cancer testis antigens recognized by CD8(+) T cells, such as New York-esophageal cancer-1 (NY-ESO-1). The objective of this study was to assess effects of these drugs on the expression and recognition by CD8(+) T cells of Mucin1 (MUC1), a tumor-associated antigen that is overexpressed by MPM. MPM tumor cell lines were treated with epigenetic drugs, alone or in combination. MUC1 expression by MPM cells, and its recognition by a MUC1-specific CD8(+) T-cell clone, was downregulated by HDACi when used alone or in combination with 5-azaCdR. This effect was not due to a blocking of the HLA class I presentation pathway in treated MPM cells, as NY-ESO-1 induced by 5-azaCdR alone, or with VPA, was recognized by a NY-ESO-1-specific T-cell clone. This study suggests that the choice of tumor antigens could be critical for strategies combining epigenetic drugs with immunotherapy.
50 Spatially resolved molecular investigation of triple negative breast cancer and its immune microenvironment (2020)

<h3>Background</h3> Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for 10–20% of all diagnosed breast cancer cases in the US and is characterized by loss of HER2, estrogen receptors, and progesterone receptors. TNBC is an aggressive, complex disease with a poor prognosis due to resistance to traditional therapies. Understanding the underlying biology and tumor microenvironment is critical to the development of diagnostic biomarkers and to guide the search for effective therapies. Here, we demonstrated the ability of the 10x Genomics Visium Spatial Gene Expression Solution to elucidate the immunological profile and microenvironment of TNBC samples in conjunction with standard pathological techniques. <h3>Methods</h3> Spatial transcriptomics technology complement pathological examination by combining the benefits of histological stains with the throughput and deep biological insight of RNA-seq. We investigated serial sections of TNBC by using the 10x Genomics Visium Spatial Gene Expression Solution to spatially resolve the samples’ cellular composition and expressed microenvironment. Visium incorporates ~5000 molecularly barcoded, spatially encoded capture probes in spots over which a tissue section is placed and imaged. The samples are permeabilized and native mRNA is captured. Imaging and RNA sequencing data are processed together, resulting in whole transcriptome gene expression mapped to the tissue image. <h3>Results</h3> We captured spatial patterns of gene expression and mapped the information back to H&amp;E-stained images with regional annotations. Serial sections were then subject to fluorescence immunohistochemical staining for immune infiltrate paired with spatial gene expression capture. Subsequently, we combined these data with 3’ single-nuclei RNA-seq from the same tumor, generating expression profiles that were used to automatically annotate cell-types across the sections. This allowed for an understanding of the tumor microenvironment that could not be captured by image-based techniques alone. We resolved subgroups of spatially and biologically distinct immune, stem, and cancer progenitor cells. Finally, we digitally annotated tumor and normal tissue regions using expressed genetic mutations alone. Annotated tumor regions expressed more deleterious mutations than normal regions and we were able to automatically cluster regions of tumor vs. normal cells without any prior histopathological information. We also found intratumor gradients of mutational burden in oncogenes as well as non-cancer associated loci. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Taken together, we demonstrated that Visium can provide a powerful complement to traditional histopathology, enabling both targeted panels and whole-transcriptome discovery of gene expression. This spatially resolved molecular information provides an unprecedented view into the tumor microenvironment and a powerful new tool for discovery of new biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
Preparation and Characterization of Low Temperature Sintered Alumina by CuO-TiO2-Nb2O5-Ag2O Additives (2007)

Abstract For the purpose of enabling the low-temperature sintering of alumina, the addition of Ag 2 O to CuO-TiO 2 -Nb 2 O 5 type sintering additive was examined. The use of CuO-TiO 2 -Nb 2 O 5 -Ag 2 O type sintering additive by 5 wt% enabled the low-temperature sintering of alumina at 860°C. It is presumed that the formation of Cu 4 TiNb 4 O x solid solution has an important role for low temperature sintering of alumina. The obtained sintered material showed high thermal conductivity of 18 W/mK, higher than that of conventional LTCC materials, and that the material could be co-fired with silver electrodes. Keywords: Aluminasintering additivesLTCCthermal conductivitydielectric properties
Single-Stage Resonant Battery Charger With Inherent Power Factor Correction for Electric Vehicles (2013)

This paper presents the study of a single-stage onboard battery charger for electric vehicle (EV) and plug-in hybrid EV (PHEV) applications. The topology had never been seen in any literature or patents but is employed in the NLG5 charger made by Brusa Elektronik AG. We thoroughly analyzed the topology and thought it would be beneficial to publish it so that advanced work can be done based on the existing structure. The charger directly transfers power from the alternating current (ac) to the battery side; thus, the bulky electrolytic capacitor in a traditional two-stage charger is eliminated. Power factor correction (PFC) is inherently achieved; thus, the control becomes very simple. In addition, all the power switches work at a zero-current switching (ZCS) condition to reduce the switching loss. The charger charges the battery with a sinusoidal-like charging current instead of a constant direct current. However, this current waveform has minimal impact on the battery life and efficiency, as demonstrated by other studies. Hence, having the advantages of high efficiency, compact size, easy control, and no need of an electrolytic capacitor, the topology is suitable for the PHEV and the pure EV onboard charging applications.