gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Probabilistic fatigue-life assessment model for laser-welded Ti-6Al-4V butt joints in the high-cycle fatigue regime (2018)

The present paper focuses on the effect of inherent welding-induced defects on the high-cycle fatigue behaviour of laser-welded Ti-6Al-4V butt joints. The transition of the crack origin from the surface to the subsurface occurs upon removal of the surface stress concentrators. Under these circumstances, fatigue cracks nucleate at subsurface porosity and show a typical fish-eye pattern of fracture surface. A fatigue-life assessment model has been developed for internally flawed materials based on a fracture-mechanics approach, which takes effects of short-cracks into account. A novel approach for the simplified construction of the cyclic resistance curve of internal cracks is proposed herein. Using statistical methods, the experimentally determined porosity distribution has been incorporated into the model to predict the fatigue scatter range. The presented methodology can potentially be used to achieve a required reliability of the welded joints with respect to fatigue as a design criterion.
Oxidation Of Ti3SiC2 in Air (1997)

Polycrystalline samples of were oxidized in air in the 900 to 1400°C temperature range. The oxidation was parabolic with parabolic rate constants, kp, that increased from to as the temperature increased from 900 to 1400°C, respectively, which yielded an activation energy of 370 ± 20 kJ/mol. The scale that forms was dense, adhesive, resistant to thermal cyclings and layered. The outer layer was pure (rutile), and the inner layer consisted of mixture of and . The results are consistent with a model in which growth of the oxide layer occurs by the inward diffusion of oxygen and the simultaneous outward diffusion of titanium and carbon. The presence of small volume fractions (≈ 2%) of in were found to have a deleterious effect on the oxidation kinetics.
Performance enhancement of dye-sensitized solar cells via cosensitization of ruthenizer Z907 and organic sensitizer SQ2 (2018)

Cosensitization is a highly effective technique to enhance the photovoltaic performance of a dye-sensitized solar cell. The main objective of this work is to improve the performance of dye-sensitized solar cell using cosensitization approach and investigation of the effect of the organic cosensitizer concentration on the power conversion efficiency of the fabricated solar cell devices. In this work, Z907, a ruthenium dye, has been cosensitized with SQ2, an organic sensitizer, and an overall efficiency of 7.83% has been achieved. The fabricated solar cells were evaluated using UV-Vis spectroscopy, current-voltage (I-V) characteristics, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis. Our results clearly indicate that the concentration of organic cosensitizer strongly affects the photovoltaic performance of fabricated solar cells. Upon optimization, the cell fabricated with 0.3 mM Z907 + 0.2 mM SQ2 dye solution demonstrated Jsc (mA/cm2) = 21.38, Voc (mV) = 698.37, FF (%) = 52.46, and power conversion efficiency of η (%) = 7.83 under standard AM1.5G 1 sun illumination (100 mW/cm2). It was observed that the efficiency of cosensitized solar cells is significantly superior than that of individual sensitized solar cells (Z907 [η = 5.08%] and SQ2 [η = 1.39%]). This enhancement in efficiency could be attributed to the lower electron-hole recombination rate, decrease in competitive absorption of I−/I−3, and less dye aggregation because of the synergistic effect in cosensitized solar cells.
Synthesis of Functionalized α‐Vinyl Aldehydes from Enaminones (2019)

Abstract An efficient Rh II ‐catalyzed synthesis of functionalized α‐vinyl aldehydes with high E / Z stereoselectivity was developed. The reaction mediates the cyclopropanation of enaminones with vinyl carbenoids that are generated from cyclopropenes in situ to give the aminocyclopropane intermediates. Selective C−C bond cleavage of the cyclopropane intermediates leads to formation of α‐vinyl aldehyde derivatives with high E / Z selectivity. This method proceeds at room temperature under very mild reaction conditions and works with a broad substrate scope.
Correction: Chemical vapor infiltration tailored hierarchical porous CNTs/C composite spheres fabricated by freeze casting and their adsorption properties (2015)

Correction for ‘Chemical vapor infiltration tailored hierarchical porous CNTs/C composite spheres fabricated by freeze casting and their adsorption properties’ by Junjie Wang <italic>et al.</italic>, <italic>RSC Adv.</italic>, 2015, <bold>5</bold>, 16870–16877.
Infection dynamics and clinical features of cryptosporidiosis in SCID mice (1994)

Cryptosporidial infections in severe combined immune deficient (SCID) mice produce a chronic disease state which in the later stages leads to extraintestinal involvement and hepatic dysfunction. To further characterize the infection dynamics in this model and monitor the changes in the hepatic system, a dose titration of the oocyst inoculum was performed and alkaline phosphatase levels in the sera were assayed. Ten SCID mice per dose were inoculated with 10(3), 10(4), 10(5), 10(6), or 10(7) oocysts. Oocyst shedding in the feces was quantified by microscopic enumeration. Mice inoculated with 10(6) oocysts and those inoculated with 10(7) oocysts demonstrated similar oocyst shedding patterns, but the 10(7)-oocyst group exhibited signs of distress (e.g., weight loss and icterus) earlier. The intensity of the infection increased markedly approximately 14 days postinoculation (p.i.) and continued to increase steadily over the next 6 weeks. Inoculation with lower oocyst doses produced a delay in patency (e.g., it occurred 7 days later with the 10(5)-oocyst inoculum and 14 days later with the 10(4)-oocyst inoculum). Mean serum alkaline phosphatase levels in the 10(7)-oocyst group were more than twice control values at 5 weeks p.i. and continued to increase over the next 8 weeks. Oocyst doses and alkaline phosphatase levels were positively correlated with hepatobiliary colonization (r = 0.71) and liver necrosis (r = 0.65) at 13 weeks p.i. A strong positive correlation between hepatobiliary colonization and liver necrosis at 13 weeks p.i. (r = 0.87) was observed.
Multigram Synthesis of the C29−C51 Subunit and Completion of the Total Synthesis of Altohyrtin C (Spongistatin 2) (2003)

A multigram synthesis of the C29-C51 subunit of altohyrtin C (spongistatin 2) has been accomplished. Union of this intermediate with the C1-C28 fragment and further elaboration furnished the natural product. Completion of the C29-C51 subunit began with the aldol coupling of the boron enolate derived from methyl ketone 8 and aldehyde 9. Acid-catalyzed deprotection/cyclization of the resulting diastereomeric mixture of addition products was conducted in a single operation to afford the E-ring of altohyrtin C. The diastereomer obtained through cyclization of the unwanted aldol product was subjected to an oxidation/reduction sequence to rectify the C35 stereocenter. The C45-C48 segment of the eventual triene side chain was introduced by addition of a functionalized Grignard reagent derived from (R)-glycidol to a C44 aldehyde. Palladium-mediated deoxygenation of the resulting allylic alcohol was followed by adjustment of protecting groups to provide reactivity suitable for the later stages of the synthesis. The diene functionality comprising the remainder of the C44-C51 side chain was constructed by addition of an allylzinc reagent to the unmasked C48 aldehyde and subsequent dehydration of the resulting alcohol. Completion of the synthesis of the C29-C51 subunit was achieved through conversion of the protected C29 alcohol into a primary iodide. The synthesis of the C29-C51 iodide required 44 steps with a longest linear sequence of 33 steps. From commercially available tri-O-acetyl-d-glucal, the overall yield was 6.8%, and 2 g of the iodide was prepared. The C29-C51 primary iodide was amenable to phosphonium salt formation, and the ensuing Wittig coupling with a C1-C28 intermediate provided a fully functionalized, protected seco-acid. Selective deprotection of the required silicon groups afforded an intermediate appropriate for macrolactonization, and, finally, global deprotection furnished altohyrtin C (spongistatin 2). This synthetic approach required 113 steps with a longest linear sequence of 37 steps starting from either tri-O-acetyl-d-glucal or (S)-malic acid.
Investigation on a Multi-Band Inverted-F Antenna Sharing Only One Shorting Strip among Multiple Branch Elements (2015)

This paper presents the detailed investigations on a simple multi-band method that allows inverted-F antennas (IFAs) to achieve good impedance matching in many different frequency bands. The impressive simplicity of the method arises from its sharing of a shorting strip among multiple branch elements to simultaneously generate independent resonant modes at arbitrary frequencies. Our simulation and measurement results clarify that, by adjusting the number of branch elements and their lengths, it is very easy to control both the total number of resonant modes and the position of each resonant frequency with impedance matching improved concurrently by adjusting properly the distance ds between the feeding and shorting points. The effectiveness of the multi-band method is verified in antenna miniaturization designs, not only in the case of handset antenna, but also in the design upon an infinite ground plane. Antenna performance and operation principles of proposed multi-band models in each case are analyzed and discussed in detail.
Tailoring the reducibility and catalytic activity of CuO nanoparticles for low temperature CO oxidation (2018)

Copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles have received considerable interest as active and inexpensive catalysts for various gas-solid reactions. The CuO reducibility and surface reactivity are of crucial importance for the high catalytic activity. Herein, we demonstrate that the reducibility and stability of CuO nanoparticles can be controlled and tailored for the high catalytic activity of CO oxidation. The synthesized CuO nanoparticles possessed enhanced reducibility in CO atmosphere at lower reduction temperature of 126 °C compared to 284 °C for that of reference CuO particles. Moreover, the CuO catalysts with tailored reducibility demonstrated a reaction rate of 35 μmol s<sup>-1</sup> g<sup>-1</sup> and an apparent activation energy of 75 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup>. Furthermore, the tailored catalysts exhibited excellent long-term stability for CO oxidation for up to 48 h on stream. These readily-reducible CuO nanoparticles could serve as efficient, inexpensive and durable catalysts for CO oxidation at low temperatures.
Preparation of Biphenylene‐ and Benzocyclooctene‐Fused Heterocycles. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
OLEDs for Lighting: Can They Ever be Bright Enough? (2010)

A potential limitation to using OLEDs for lighting is their low intensity emission per area, leading to high cost. We examine the fundamental limits to OLED brightness. Limitations to be considered include: thermal effects, triplet and singlet annihilation, exciton-polariton annihilation and injection. We also consider the differences between single element and stacked devices in overcoming these fundamental problems.
Contrast-enhanced whole-heart coronary magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) in less than 5 minutes using radial EPI (2010)

Introduction Whole-heart coronary MRA is challenging due to the long data acquisition time on the order of 8-12 minutes. Interleaved EPI using Cartesian k-space sampling has been reported for reducing the scan time of whole-heart coronary MRA [1]; however, this method suffers from an increased sensitivity to motion artifacts [2]. The purpose of this work was to optimize a radial EPI [3] technique for contrast-enhanced whole-heart coronary MRA, with the goal of combining the scan efficiency of EPI with the motion insensitivity of radial sampling.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Coplanarity‐Dependent HOMO—LUMO Separation of π‐Conjugated Dimers. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Randomized Controlled Trial of Sheaths in Diagnostic Neuroangiography (2001)

Use of arterial sheaths lessens the incidence of intraprocedural bleeding at the femoral puncture site and increases ease of catheter manipulation without increasing the number of groin complications.
Controlling and evaluating microstructural evolution in AM (2021)

Keynote presentation, SPIE Photonics West LASE, 2021. Controlling and evaluating microstructural evolution in AM
Primary Orbital Reconstruction with Selective Laser Melting (SLM) of Patient-Specific Implants (PSIs): An Overview of 96 Surgically Treated Patients (2022)

Contemporary advances in technology have allowed the transfer of knowledge from industrial laser melting systems to surgery; such an approach could increase the degree of accuracy in orbital restoration. The aim of this study was to examine the accuracy of selective laser melted PSIs (patient-specific implants) and navigation in primary orbital reconstruction. Ninety-six patients with orbital fractures were included in this study. Planned vs. achieved orbital volumes (a) and angles (b) were compared to the unaffected side (n = 96). The analysis included the overlay of post-treatment on planned images (iPlan 3.0.5, Brainlab®, Feldkirchen, Germany). The mean difference in orbital volume between the digitally planned orbit and the postoperative orbit was 29.16 cm3 (SD 3.54, presurgical) to 28.33 cm3 (SD 3.64, postsurgical, t = 5.00, df = 95.00; p < 0.001), resulting in a mean volume difference (planned vs. postop) of less than 1 cm3. A 3D analysis of the color mapping showed minor deviations compared to the mirrored unaffected side. The results suggested that primary reconstruction in complex orbital wall fractures can be routinely achieved with a high degree of accuracy by using selective laser melted orbital PSIs.
An in-depth study of LTE (2013)

With lower latency and higher bandwidth than its predecessor 3G networks, the latest cellular technology 4G LTE has been attracting many new users. However, the interactions among applications, network transport protocol, and the radio layer still remain unexplored. In this work, we conduct an in-depth study of these interactions and their impact on performance, using a combination of active and passive measurements. We observed that LTE has significantly shorter state promotion delays and lower RTTs than those of 3G networks. We discovered various inefficiencies in TCP over LTE such as undesired slow start. We further developed a novel and lightweight passive bandwidth estimation technique for LTE networks. Using this tool, we discovered that many TCP connections significantly under-utilize the available bandwidth. On average, the actually used bandwidth is less than 50% of the available bandwidth. This causes data downloads to be longer, and incur additional energy overhead. We found that the under-utilization can be caused by both application behavior and TCP parameter setting. We found that 52.6% of all downlink TCP flows have been throttled by limited TCP receive window, and that data transfer patterns for some popular applications are both energy and network unfriendly. All these findings highlight the need to develop transport protocol mechanisms and applications that are more LTE-friendly.
<title>Structure-dependent spectroscopic properties of europium and terbium chelate complexes used in biomedical imaging analysis</title> (1999)

Quantum efficiency, (Phi) , and molar absorption coefficients, (epsilon) , are determined for Terbium and Europium polyazamacrocylic, phosophonic acid chelating agents that have been shown to be used in biomedical imaging applications.
Autologous Muscle Derived Cells for Treatment of Stress Urinary Incontinence in Women (2014)

Autologous muscle derived cells for urinary sphincter repair at doses of 10, 50, 100 and 200×10(6) cells appears safe. Efficacy data suggest a potential dose response with a greater percentage of patients responsive to higher doses.
Analysis of the effects of aryl hydrocarbon receptor expression on cancer cell invasionviathree-dimensional microfluidic invasion assays (2021)

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that binds to xenobiotics and activates expression of response elements to metabolize these compounds. The AHR pathway has been associated with a long list of diseases including cancer; however, it is debated whether AHR is tumorigenic or tumour-inhibiting. In particular, there are contradictory reports in the literature regarding the effects of AHR expression level on metastatic breast cancer. Here we used a 3D invasion assay called cell invasion in digital microfluidic microgel systems (CIMMS) to study the effect of AHR expression on invasion. In this study, MDA-MB-231 cells with stable knockout of AHR (AHRko) showed enhanced invasive characteristics and reduced proliferation, and cells with transient overexpression of AHR showed reduced invasiveness. Overexpression of AHR with a mutation in the DNA binding domain showed no difference in invasiveness compared to control, which suggests that the changes in invasiveness are related to the expression of AHR. CIMMS also allowed for extraction of sub-populations of invaded cells for RNA sequencing experiments. A comparison of the transcriptomes of invaded subpopulations of wild-type and AHRko cells identified 1809 genes that were differentially expressed, with enriched pathways including cell cycle, proliferation, survival, immunoproteasome activation, and activation of matrix metalloproteases. In sum, the data reported here for MDA-MB-231 cells suggests some new interpretations of the discrepancy in the literature on the role of AHR in breast cancer. We propose that the unique combination of functional discrimination with transcriptome profiling provided by CIMMS will be valuable for a wide range of mechanistic invasion-biology studies in the future.
Requirements Related to DNS Security (DNSSEC) Trust Anchor Rollover (2007)

Every DNS security-aware resolver must have at least one Trust Anchor to use as the basis for validating responses from DNS signed zones.For various reasons, most DNS security-aware resolvers are expected to have several Trust Anchors.For some operations, manual monitoring and updating of Trust Anchors may be feasible, but many operations will require automated methods for updating Trust Anchors in their security-aware resolvers.This document identifies the requirements that must be met by an automated DNS Trust Anchor rollover solution for security-aware DNS resolvers.
Conversion between DV and MPEG-2 intra coding (2002)

Conversion between digital video (DV) for digital video cassette recorder (DVCR) and MPEG-2 intra coding is performed in the DCT domain to reduce conversion steps. Multiplying the matrix by transformed data is used for 4:1:1-to-4:2:2 chroma format conversion and 2-4-8 DCT mode to 8-8 DCT mode conversion for parallel processing. M-quant of MPEG-2 rate control is computed in the DCT domain.
Technological Implications of Concrete Fracture Research--An Overview of Tensile Failure in Cementitious Materials and Structures (1990)

Peer Reviewed
WLC31-2: Capacity of MIMO Rician Fading Channels with Transmitter and Receiver Channel State Information (2006)

This paper investigates the capacity of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless systems when instantaneous channel state information (CSI) is available at both the transmitter and the receiver in a line-of-sight Rician fading environment. Specifically, an infinite series representation for the ergodic capacity of uncorrelated Rician fading MIMO channels is derived, assuming both transmitter and receiver CSI and a specular component of arbitrary rank. The ergodic capacity and its associated outage probability are expressed in terms of a cutoff level capturing the optimal eigen-mode power and rate adaptation. Moreover, an equation from which the cutoff value can be solved for numerically is derived for arbitrary numbers of transmit and receive antennas.
High-Performance Transparent Laminates Based on Highly Oriented Polyethylene Films (2020)

Advanced composite materials reinforced with high-performance fibers like carbon, glass, aramid, or ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene are widely used as lightweight materials in the fields of automotive, aerospace, sports, and protection. However, nearly always these composites are opaque and/or absorb light, which greatly limits their application in areas where high optical transparency is desired such as impact-resistant windows and visors. In this work, composite laminates that combine high optical clarity with high mechanical properties are reported for the first time using highly oriented high-density polyethylene (HDPE) films as the reinforcing phase. A high optical transparency with a far-field light transmittance of around 85% was achieved for four-layer HDPE-reinforced laminates sandwiched between glass or polycarbonate (PC) sheets with either unidirectional (UD) or bidirectional (BD) orientations. In combination with outer layers of glass or PC, the fabricated transparent composite laminates show high tensile strength and also high penetration energy absorption, outperforming existing transparent materials like glass, laminated glass, or PC. These transparent composites combine both high mechanical performance and high optical clarity, providing great potential for future applications in structural glazing, automotive glazing, safety shields, visors, and displays for portable electronics.
Bifurcation Functional Significance Score as Predictor of Mortality (2021)

Abstract Background: Considerable progress has been made in the treatment of coronary bifurcation stenosis. Anatomical characteristics of the vessel and lesion, however, fail to give information about the functional significance of the bifurcation stenosis. To the best of our knowledge, there is no study that systematically establishes the baseline functional significance of coronary stenosis and its effect on procedural and clinical outcomes. Methods: Patients with significant angiographic bifurcation lesions defined as diameter stenosis &gt; 50% in main vessel and/or side branch were included. FFR was performed in main vessel (MV) and side branch (SB) before and after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). 169 patients from Fiesta study (derivation cohort) and 555 patients from prospective bifurcation registry (test cohort) were analyzed to validate angiographic prediction score (BFSS) used to determine the potentially functional significance of coronary bifurcation stenosis. Results: Bifurcation functional significance score (including the following parameters - SYNTAX ≥11, SB/MB BARI score, MV %DS ≥ 55%, MB %DS ≥ 65%, lesion length ≥25mm) with a maximum value of 11 was developed. A cut-off value of 8.5 was shown to give the best discriminatory ability – with accuracy 87% (sensitivity 77%, specificity 96%, p&lt;.001). There was also a significant difference in all-cause mortality between patients with BFSS≥8.5 vs. BFSS&lt;8.5 – 17.8% vs. 13.4%, log-rank p=.006, as well as cardiac mortality: BFSS≥8.5 vs. BFSS&lt;8.5 – 14.6% vs. 12.5%, log-rank (p=.042). The cardiac mortality was significantly lower in patients with smaller absolute SB territory, p=0.023. Conclusion: An angiographic score (BFSS) with good discriminatory ability to determine the functional significance of coronary bifurcation stenosis was developed. The value for BFSS≥8.5 can be used as a discriminator to define groups with higher risk for all-cause and cardiac mortality. Also, we found that the smaller side branches pose greater mortality risk.