gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Systems biology evaluation of immune responses induced by human host defence peptide LL-37 in mononuclear cells (2009)

The immune system is very complex, it involves the integrated regulation and expression of hundreds of proteins. To understand in greater detail how the human host defence immunomodulatory peptide LL-37 interacts with innate immunity, a systems approach was pursued. Polychromatic flow cytometry was employed to demonstrate that within human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, CD14+ monocytes, myeloid and plasmocytoid dendritic cells and T- and B-lymphocytes, all responded to LL-37, with the differential production of intracellular cytokines. Microarray analyses with CD14+ monocytes indicated the differential expression of 475 genes in response to stimulation with LL-37. To understand this complex response, bioinformatic interrogation, using InnateDB, of the gene ontology, signalling pathways and transcription factor binding sites was undertaken. Activation of the IkappaBalpha/NFkappaB, mitogen-activated protein kinases p38, ERK1/2 and JNK, and PI3K signalling pathways in response to LL-37 was demonstrated by pathway and ontology over-representation analyses, and confirmed experimentally by inhibitor studies. Computational analysis of the predicted transcription factor binding sites upstream of the genes that were regulated by LL-37 predicted the involvement of several transcription factors including NFkappaB and five novel factors, AP-1, AP-2, SP-1, E2F1, and EGR, which were experimentally confirmed to respond to LL-37 by performing transcription factor array studies on nuclear extracts from LL-37 treated mononuclear cells. These data are discussed as reflecting the integration of several responsive signalling pathways through the involvement of transcription factor complexes in gene expression activated by LL-37 in human mononuclear cells.
Polymerization of methyl methacrylate by metallocene imido complexes and tris(pentafluorophenyl)alane (2003)

Abstract The polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) was investigated with tris(pentafluorophenyl)alane [Al(C 6 F 5 ) 3 ] and four metallocene imido complexes that varied in the complex symmetry/chirality, metal, and R group in the NR moiety, as well as a zirconocene enolate preformed from the imido zirconocene and MMA. This study examined four aspects of MMA polymerization: the effects of the metallocene imido complex structure on the polymerization activity and polymer tacticity, the degree of polymerization control, the elementary reactions of the imido complex with Al(C 6 F 5 ) 3 and MMA, and the polymerization kinetics and mechanism. There was no effect of the imido complex symmetry/chirality on the polymerization stereochemistry; the polymerization followed Bernoullian statistics, producing syndiotactic poly(methyl methacrylate)s with moderate (∼70% [rr]) to high (∼91% [rr]) syndiotacticity, depending on the polymerization temperature. Polymerization control was demonstrated by the number‐average molecular weight, which increased linearly with an increase in the monomer conversion to 100%, and the relatively small and insensitive polydispersity indices (from 1.21 to 1.17) to conversion. The reactions of the zirconocene imido complex with Al(C 6 F 5 ) 3 and MMA produced the parent base‐free imido complex and the [2 + 4] cycloaddition product (i.e., zirconocene enolate), respectively; the latter product reacted with Al(C 6 F 5 ) 3 to generate the active zirconocenium enolaluminate. The MMA polymerization with the metallocene imido complex and the alane proceeded via intermolecular Michael addition of the enolaluminate to the alane‐activated MMA involved in the propagation step. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 3132–3142, 2003
Design and Control of a Dual-Bridge Series-Resonant Converter based Onboard EV Charger (2022)

This paper presents a methodology to design an onboard electric vehicle (EV) charger based on a dual-bridge series resonant converter (DBSRC). The operating modes of this single-stage ac-dc converter that offer soft-switching with reduced resonant-tank rms current are investigated in detail using a phasor-based analysis. A basis to select the switching frequency and transformer turns ratio of this converter is presented with an objective to achieve a high and flat efficiency profile. Finally, a universal-input, 3.7 kW, 200 V-500 V output onboard EV charger is designed using the presented methodology and its performance is compared with a fully soft-switched impedance control network (ICN) based resonant single-stage onboard EV charger.
Social, individual, and greedy optimal controls (rate and window) in wide area high speed packet networks (2002)

Rate and window controls are used by the users of packet networks to adapt to the congestion level in the network and to maintain a high performance level in the face of changing network conditions. Increasing network and application speeds imply that the transmission times on links are becoming small in comparison with the (load independent) propagation delays and that the latter need to be modeled explicitly in evaluation of controls. When multiple users share such networks, natural questions arise as to the relative merits of socially optimal controls (rate or window) and individually optimal controls. In addition, the performance impact of one or more greedy users deviating from the prescribed (socially optimal) behavior needs to be understood. In this paper, we formulate open and closed networks of queues models capturing the essence of the issues mentioned above. We use the "power" as the objective function to be maximized and consider two service disciplines at a queueing point: FIFO and 1-limited Cyclic (Head-of-the-Line-Processor Sharing). We analyse these models to provide characterization of the relative performance of the two control approaches (rate and window) under social, individual, and greedy optimization. Special attention is given to the behavior of the solutions as the ratio of the mean propagation delay to the mean service time becomes large.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Spectral karyotyping identifies recurrent complex rearrangements of chromosomes 8, 17, and 20 in osteosarcomas (2002)

Conventional cytogenetic studies have shown that osteosarcomas (OSs) are often highly aneuploid, with a large number of both structural and numerical chromosomal alterations. To investigate the complexity of OS karyotypes in detail, we applied spectral karyotyping (SKY) to a series of 14 primary OS tumors and four established OS cell lines. A total of 531 rearrangements were identified by SKY, of which 300 breakpoints could be assigned to a specific chromosome band. There was an average of 38.5 breakpoints identified by SKY per primary tumor. Chromosome 20 was involved in a disproportionately high number of structural rearrangements, with 38 different aberrations being detected. Chromosomal rearrangements between chromosomes 20 and 8 were evident in four tumors. FISH analysis using a 20q13 subtelomeric probe identified frequent involvement of 20q in complex structural rearrangements of OS cell lines. Characterization of the structural aberrations of chromosomes 8 and 17 by use of SKY demonstrated frequent duplication or partial gains of chromosome bands 8q23-24 and 17p11-13. Other chromosomes frequently involved in structural alteration were chromosomes 1 (47 rearrangements) and 6 (38 rearrangements). Centromeric rearrangements often involving chromosomes 1, 6, 13, 14, 17, and 20 were present. Four of the 14 primary OS tumors were characterized by nonclonal changes that included both structural and numerical alterations. In summary, OS tumors have a very high frequency of structural and numerical alterations, compounded by gross changes in ploidy. This intrinsic karyotype instability leads to a diversity of rearrangements and the acquisition of composite chromosomal rearrangements, with the highest frequency of alteration leading to gain of 8q23-24 and 17p11-13 and rearrangement of 20q. These findings suggest that specific sequences mapping to these chromosomal regions will likely have a role in the development and progression of OS.
Improved Photoluminescence of Ce3+Activated LaAl(Si6-zAlz)(N10-zOz) (z∼1) Blue Oxynitride Phosphors by Calcium Co-Doping (2012)

(La,Ce)Al(Si6-zAlz)(N10-zOz) (z∼1) (termed JEM crystal phase) co-doped with calcium was investigated in this work, aiming to control its photoluminescence spectrum. The JEM phase can be obtained as a dominant phase in a wide range of Ca and Ce concentrations by the gas-pressure sintering method. The excitation and emission spectra of JEM phosphor were shifted to longer wavelength by increasing Ca, which is ascribed to the enhanced ligand field around Ce ions as a result of decreases in lattice constants. The peak excitation wavelength can approach 405 nm for the samples with high Ca concentrations, which enables the JEM blue phosphors to be applied in solid state lighting using violet LED chips.
Photofragment angular momentum distributions in the molecular frame: Determination and interpretation (1999)

Photolysis of a molecule typically yields open-shell photofragments having angular momenta. A procedure is described for the measurement of the photofragment angular momentum distribution in terms of polarization parameters aq(k)(p) which are expressed in the molecular frame and which may be related to the transition dipole matrix elements. The index (p) indicates either a parallel transition (∥), a perpendicular transition (⊥), or a mixed transition (∥,⊥) having both parallel and perpendicular character. This procedure has the advantage that it decouples the angular momentum distributions in the molecular frame from the photofragment angular distributions in the laboratory frame, which gives new insight into the photodissociation dynamics. For cases in which k⩽2 and with linearly polarized photolysis light, the photofragment angular momentum distribution arising from pure parallel transitions can be described with only one parameter, a0(2)(∥); photofragment angular momentum distributions arising from pure perpendicular transitions require only two parameters, a0(2)(⊥) and a2(2)(⊥); photofragment angular momentum distributions arising from mixed transitions, having both parallel and perpendicular character, can be described with five parameters: the two (coherent) interference terms Im[a1(1)(∥,⊥)] and Re[a1(2)(∥,⊥)] in addition to the three incoherent terms mentioned above. We describe procedures for the measurement of the complete angular momentum distribution of state-selected photofragments using laser detection (such as REMPI) and some form of laboratory velocity selection (such as time-of-flight mass spectrometry, Doppler spectroscopy, or ion imaging). The laser-detection probability of a single photofragment is presented in the form I=1+f[θε,Θ,Φ,β,aq(k)(p)], where θε is the angle between the recoil direction and the photolysis polarization, Θ and Φ are the spherical polar angles describing the orientation of the probe polarization about the recoil direction, and β is the spatial anisotropy parameter. The physical significance of the aq(k)(p) is discussed; in particular, the a0(k)(∥) and a0(k)(⊥) describe the photofragment m-state distribution along the recoil direction; the a2(k)(⊥) describe how broken cylindrical symmetry in the parent molecule is reflected in the photofragment angular momentum distribution in a plane perpendicular to the recoil direction; and the a1(k)(∥,⊥) are related to the asymptotic phase difference associated with the interfering channels, and are thus sensitive to the shapes of the dissociative surfaces.
Continuum Elasticity Theory Approach for Spontaneous Bending and Twisting of Ribbons Induced by Mechanical Anisotropy (2012)

Helical ribbons arise in many biological and engineered systems, often driven by anisotropic surface stress, residual strain, and geometric or elastic mismatch between layers of a laminated composite. A full mathematical analysis is developed to analytically predict the equilibrium deformed helical shape of an initially flat, straight ribbon, with prescribed magnitudes and orientations of the principal curvatures when subjected to arbitrary surface stress and/or internal residual strain distribution. The helix angle, radius, axis and chirality of the deformed helical ribbons are predicted with a comprehensive, three-dimensional model that incorporates elasticity, differential geometry, and variational principles. In general, the mechanical anisotropy (e.g., in surface/external stress, residual strain or elastic modulus) will lead to spontaneous, three-dimensional helical deformations. Ring shapes are formed when the principle axes of deformation coincide with the geometric axes of the ribbon. The transition from cylindrical helical ribbons to purely twisted ribbons, or tubular structures is controlled by tuning relevant geometric parameters. Analytic, closed-form predictions of the ribbon shapes are validated with simple, table-top experiments. This theoretical approach represent a tool to inform the design of materials and systems in order to achieve desired helical geometries on demand.
Chirped-pulse oscillators for the generation of high-energy femtosecond laser pulses (2005)

This paper reports on a novel approach for producing high energy femtosecond pulses without external amplification. The so-called chirped-pulse oscillator (CPO) concept is based on an extended-cavity oscillator, operating at small net positive intracavity group delay dispersion (GDD), over a broad spectral range by the use of chirped multilayer mirrors. The resultant chirped picosecond pulses are compressed by a dispersive delay line external to the laser cavity. Utilizing this technique, sub-30 fs pulses with an energy exceeding 200 nJ at a repetition rate of 11 MHz were produced. The demonstrated peak power in excess of 5 MW is the highest ever achieved from a cw-pumped laser and is expected to be scaleable to tens of megawatts by increasing the pump power and/or decreasing the repetition rate. The demonstrated source allows micromachining of any materials under relaxed focusing conditions.
What narrow-linewidth semiconductor lasers can do for defense and security? (2010)

Sensing systems for defense and security operate in evermore demanding environments, increasingly leaving the comfort zone of fiber laser technology. Efficient and rugged laser sources are required that maintain a high level performance under large temperature excursions and sizable vibrations. This paper first presents a sample of defense and security sensing applications requiring laser sources with a narrow emission spectrum. Laser specifications of interest for defense and security sensing applications are reviewed. The effect of the laser frequency noise in interferometric sensing systems is discussed and techniques implemented to reduce phase noise while maintaining the relative intensity noise performance of these sources are reviewed. Developments towards the size reduction of acoustically isolated narrow-linewidth semiconductor lasers are presented. The performance of a narrow-linewidth semiconductor laser subjected to vibrations is characterized. Simulation results of interferometric sensing systems are also presented, taking into account both the intensity and phase noise of the laser.
Extracellular pH Modulates Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer Cell Metabolism and Susceptibility to the Mitochondrial Inhibitor Niclosamide (2016)

Neuroendocrine prostate cancer is a lethal variant of prostate cancer that is associated with castrate-resistant growth, metastasis, and mortality. The tumor environment of neuroendocrine prostate cancer is heterogeneous and characterized by hypoxia, necrosis, and numerous mitoses. Although acidic extracellular pH has been implicated in aggressive cancer features including metastasis and therapeutic resistance, its role in neuroendocrine prostate cancer physiology and metabolism has not yet been explored. We used the well-characterized PNEC cell line as a model to establish the effects of extracellular pH (pH 6.5, 7.4, and 8.5) on neuroendocrine prostate cancer cell metabolism. We discovered that alkalinization of extracellular pH converted cellular metabolism to a nutrient consumption-dependent state that was susceptible to glucose deprivation, glutamine deprivation, and 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) mediated inhibition of glycolysis. Conversely, acidic pH shifted cellular metabolism toward an oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS)-dependent state that was susceptible to OXPHOS inhibition. Based upon this mechanistic knowledge of pH-dependent metabolism, we identified that the FDA-approved anti-helminthic niclosamide depolarized mitochondrial potential and depleted ATP levels in PNEC cells whose effects were enhanced in acidic pH. To further establish relevance of these findings, we tested the effects of extracellular pH on susceptibility to nutrient deprivation and OXPHOS inhibition in a cohort of castrate-resistant prostate cancer cell lines C4-2B, PC-3, and PC-3M. We discovered similar pH-dependent toxicity profiles among all cell lines with these treatments. These findings underscore a potential importance to acidic extracellular pH in the modulation of cell metabolism in tumors and development of an emerging paradigm that exploits the synergy of environment and therapeutic efficacy in cancer.
Data from Presence of a Putative Tumor-Initiating Progenitor Cell Population Predicts Poor Prognosis in Smokers with Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Smoking is the most important known risk factor for the development of lung cancer. Tobacco exposure results in chronic inflammation, tissue injury, and repair. A recent hypothesis argues for a stem/progenitor cell involved in airway epithelial repair that may be a tumor-initiating cell in lung cancer and which may be associated with recurrence and metastasis. We used immunostaining, quantitative real-time PCR, Western blots, and lung cancer tissue microarrays to identify subpopulations of airway epithelial stem/progenitor cells under steady-state conditions, normal repair, aberrant repair with premalignant lesions and lung cancer, and their correlation with injury and prognosis. We identified a population of keratin 14 (K14)–expressing progenitor epithelial cells that was involved in repair after injury. Dysregulated repair resulted in the persistence of K14+ cells in the airway epithelium in potentially premalignant lesions. The presence of K14+ progenitor airway epithelial cells in NSCLC predicted a poor prognosis, and this predictive value was strongest in smokers, in which it also correlated with metastasis. This suggests that reparative K14+ progenitor cells may be tumor-initiating cells in this subgroup of smokers with NSCLC. Cancer Res; 70(16); 6639–48. ©2010 AACR.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Experimental evaluation of nonlinear noise power modeling for optical network design (2017)

We experimentally evaluated the estimation accuracy of nonlinear noise models under various transmission conditions, where several different modulation formats, WDM channel configurations, and fiber launch power cases were considered. We found that the approximate EGN model has high estimation accuracy, showing good agreement with the experimental results.
Feature Based Control of Compact Disc Players (2004)

Two servo control loops are used to keep the Optical Pick-up Unit focused and radially on the information track of the Compact Disc. These control servos have problems handling surface faults on the Compact Disc. In this Ph.D thesis a method is proposed to improve the handling of these surface faults. The basic idea is to detect the surface faults and then the surface faults are detected, they are removed by an estimate of this surface fault based on previous encounter with the same fault. This method is formed by an improved localisation of the surface faults based on a new couple of residuals, which is formed by a developed optical model and a fault model. Different methods are developed to detect and localise the surface faults based on the residuals as well as a algorithm for classification of the surface faults. The estimation of the surface faults is performed by the used a Karhunen-Loève approximations. In addition these approximations is used to simulate the surface faults in a simulation model.
Recovering stereo vision by squashing virtual bugs in a virtual reality environment (2016)

Stereopsis is the rich impression of three-dimensionality, based on binocular disparity-the differences between the two retinal images of the same world. However, a substantial proportion of the population is stereo-deficient, and relies mostly on monocular cues to judge the relative depth or distance of objects in the environment. Here we trained adults who were stereo blind or stereo-deficient owing to strabismus and/or amblyopia in a natural visuomotor task-a 'bug squashing' game-in a virtual reality environment. The subjects' task was to squash a virtual dichoptic bug on a slanted surface, by hitting it with a physical cylinder they held in their hand. The perceived surface slant was determined by monocular texture and stereoscopic cues, with these cues being either consistent or in conflict, allowing us to track the relative weighting of monocular versus stereoscopic cues as training in the task progressed. Following training most participants showed greater reliance on stereoscopic cues, reduced suppression and improved stereoacuity. Importantly, the training-induced changes in relative stereo weights were significant predictors of the improvements in stereoacuity. We conclude that some adults deprived of normal binocular vision and insensitive to the disparity information can, with appropriate experience, recover access to more reliable stereoscopic information.This article is part of the themed issue 'Vision in our three-dimensional world'.
Photo-Cross-Linking of Sulfonated Styrene−Ethylene−Butylene Copolymer Membranes for Fuel Cells (2005)

Polystyrene−ethylene−butylene sulfonate copolymer membranes (PSEBS) were photochemically cross-linked using benzophenone as the photo-initiator. Benzophenone decomposed by first-order kinetics during the cross-linking process. The cross-linked PSEBS had lower water swelling, lower proton conductivity, and higher chemical stability than un-cross-linked PSEBS. The cross-linking process did not change the ion exchange capacity (IEC); the sulfonic acid groups were stable during the UV photo-cross-linking process. The photo-cross-linked PSEBS membranes degraded more slowly during fuel cell operation than non-cross-linked membranes. A layered membrane with PSEBS sandwiched between thin Nafion layers degraded at almost the same rate as PSEBS membranes. Nafion layer contacted with electrodes cannot prevent membrane from degradation during the fuel cell operation; degradation reaction carried out all through the membrane between cathode and anode.
BS7799: A Suitable Model for Information Security Management (2000)

The world is changing rapidly as technology marches forward and the modern business world expands to take advantage of the new technology. Security is seen as fundamental to rapid changing E-business. To satisfy the urgent need for security on the Internet, organisations need to face these challenges and need a suitable management model for information security management. This paper presents the current foundation of information security standard and analyses the framework of BS7799 British information security model. It describes the basic properties of the important security management processes: security policy, security standards, access control, security architecture. It provides an opportunity for security manager to gain security management knowledge and recognise the important procedures and mechanisms to improve the process of information security management.