gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Authors' Reply to “Comments on Object-Oriented Modeling of Complex Mechatronic Components for the Manufacturing Industry” (2008)

In his comments to our paper published in the IEEE/ASME T <emphasis emphasistype="&quot;smcaps&quot;" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ransactions on </emphasis> M <emphasis emphasistype="&quot;smcaps&quot;" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">echatronics</emphasis> (vol. 12, no. 6, pp. 696--702, Dec. 2007), K. Thramboulidis points out many issues related to the application of the object-oriented modeling approach proposed in the paper. The comments of Thramboulidis are relevant and properly referenced, especially considering the section about unified/universal modeling language (UML), its variants (i.e., UML 1.4, UML-RT, UML 2.0) and the conceptual elements of component-based design. However, we believe that the author of the comments has focused his attention too much on the software implementation aspects, including engineering tools and run-time execution frameworks for the control software, which are actually outside the scope of the original paper. In this reply, we aim to emphasize the main contribution of the paper and analyze the issues raised in the comments, with particular regard to our plan to address them in future works.
Investigating New Computing Technologies for Shipboard Combat Systems (1995)

ABSTRACT While the end of the Cold War minimized the threat of open ocean naval combat, new littoral warfare missions and threats such as tactical ballistic missiles have emerged. These threats and missions challenge the traditional military standard computing resources available to the Navy—a challenge that is increasingly difficult to meet in a cost effective manner. Furthermore, in recognition of the high cost of military‐standards. Secretary of Defense William Perry has directed that commercial standards be utilized wherever possible. As a consequence of this changing environment, the Aegis shipbuilding program has begun efforts to replace current military standard computing equipment with both higher performance commercial equipment and newer system architectures, i.e. distributed computing. As a part of this process, the Aegis Program Office has collaborated with the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) to conduct a joint experiment on the feasibility of inserting a number of ARPA‐developed distributed computing technologies into the Aegis combat system. The High Performance Distributed Computing Program (HiPer‐D) was created from this joint initiative. The overall objective of HiPer‐D is to validate distributed computing for Navy shipboard combat system applications. This paper presents the results of the first HiPer‐D demonstration of commercial computing technology as applied to the Aegis combat system.
Effects of phase aberration correction methods on the minimum variance beamformer (2016)

The minimum variance (MV) beamformer is a method that has the potential to enhance the resolution and contrast of ultrasound images. However, it suffers from sensitivity to speed of sound errors and aberration. Although there have been several studies on the application of phase aberration correction (PAC) methods to conventional delay-and-sum (DAS) beamforming, the benefits of PAC methods in mitigating the effects of phase aberration in MV beamformed images are not well understood. A study of this type would be helpful in designing a robust beamformer based on PAC knowledge present in the literature. This study analyzes three PAC algorithms (multi-lag cross-correlation, Rigby's beamsum and scaled covariance matrix) and their impact on the performance of the MV beamformer in the presence of second order phase aberrations. The PAC methods in combination with the MV beamformer were tested on simulated and experimental data corrupted with an electronically created near field phase aberrator. It is shown that all gains in performance of the MV beamformer with respect to DAS is lost at high aberration strengths. For instance, at 60 ns of aberration the lateral resolution of DAS degrades by 22% while MV degrades by 600%. It is also shown that basic PAC methods improve the aberrated MV beamformer. PAC methods reduces degradation in lateral resolution from 600% to 5%. Similar improvements are observed in peak sidelobe level (96% to 27%), contrast (88% to 49% for the simulations and 43% to 15% for experiments) and contrast-to-noise ratio (86% to 42% for the simulations and 68% to 55% for experiments). These enhancements allow the MV beamformer to outperform DAS even in the strongest aberration case.
Species-dependent serum interference in a sandwich ELISA for Apo2L/TRAIL (2007)

To support pre-clinical studies of Apo2L/TRAIL in rodents and non-human primates, a sandwich ELISA was developed using two mouse monoclonal anti-Apo2L/TRAIL antibodies. Mouse, rat, cynomolgus monkey, and chimpanzee serum at concentrations of > or =1% were found to interfere with accurate quantitation of Apo2L/TRAIL. Moreover, the characteristics of the serum interference for each species were different. In order to resolve the observed serum effect, studies were performed in which salts, detergents, and blocking proteins were added to the sample diluent, and optimized sample diluents that eliminated serum interference were developed for mouse, cynomolgus monkey, and chimpanzee serum. These buffers consisted of a base assay diluent (PBS/0.5% BSA/0.05% Tween-20/10 ppm ProClin 300) supplemented with: NaCl (mouse serum); NaCl, EDTA, CHAPS, bovine gamma globulin (BGG), and human IgG (cynomolgus monkey serum); and NaCl and EDTA (chimpanzee serum). Full characterization studies were performed for the "buffer" ELISA run in base assay diluent (intended for non-serum samples) as well as the assays optimized for mouse serum and cynomolgus monkey serum. Precision, accuracy, linearity, and specificity were found to be satisfactory. With the availability of a rabbit polyclonal antibody against Apo2L/TRAIL, a new pAb/mAb ELISA was developed. This assay was not only more sensitive by > or =6-fold, but it was also much less subject to serum interference.
[Post-sectional antral peptic ulcer and antrofundic re-anastomosis in rats (manifestation of a probable antrofundic neuroendocrine center)]. (1988)

The antrum-fundic section and re-anastomosis (AESR), liberates, in Wistar male rats, genuine antral peptic ulcers. They start within 20 days. They are progressive evolution, penetrating into all gastric walls. Between 7 and 8 months, they involve near organs (spleen, liver, pancreas) and produce a great inflammatory reaction of the peripancreatic ganglions. The antral peptic ulcer is induced if the gastric lesser curvature's nerves are sectioned and a concomitant pyloroplasty is done or not. The gastric hemisection, if anterior or posterior, break out the peptic ulcer only on the same side of the antrum-fundic interruption. In all this situations, except in cases of concomitant pyloroplasty, it is proved a pronounced and significantly increase of the gastric (g/kg), but not pancreatic index. In the AFSR series with nervous section on the lesser curvature and without pyloroplasty, the percentage of antral peptic ulcers in 56%. It is postulated the probably existence, at an antrum-fundic level, of a neuroendocrine center. Its nullification or disturbance by the section and re-anastomosis procedure could generate the antral ulcer and other histologic changes (increase of the "G" cells, hyperplasia of the parietal, ECL and "A like" cells) by one or various hypothetical ways: 1. Direct action, nullifying the normal blocking function of somatostative over the "G" cells and or parietal cells. 2. Disturbing or nullifying the motor pump effect of the gastric antrum, and on this way, enhancing the duodenum-gastric reflux with all know deleterious effects of the bile in the antrum particularly in an acid milieu. 3. Modifying, in the opposite direction, the sensitivity by one hand, of the "G" cells mass and by the other one, of the parietal, ECL and "A like" cells. The depression of the fundic sensitivity will induce the hyperplasia of the "G" cells, the hypersecretion of gastrin and, "a posteriori", all the secretory effects and trophic characteristic of it. 4. Disturbing the prostaglandins secretion, perhaps through a deficit of the nervous innervation, with the resulting epiphenomenon of a cytoprotection deficit mediated through the mucus and bicarbonate production. It is probably that the proposed physiopathogenic mechanism are associated and that the final result, the antral peptic ulcer is the consequence of an increase of the aggressive factors (acid, bile) and a concomitant depression of the defensive factors (cytoprotection), starting normally by the prostaglandins through the mucus and bicarbonate secretion.
(Invited) Wafer-Scale Synthesis of Monolayer WS2 By Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition for High-Performance Flexible Photodetectors (2018)

In recent years, due to their exotic properties, wafer-scale synthesis of monolayer two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials is vital for their practical utilizations in next-generation electronics and optoelectronics. Great efforts have been devoted in developing different synthesis techniques, such as various kinds of chemical vapor deposition (CVD), to obtain large-scale and uniform 2D nanomaterials. However, it is still a grand challenge to achieve the monolayer format with the large grain size and excellent uniformity across the entire wafer substrate. Herein, in contrast to other conventional growth methods, we demonstrate the wafer-scale synthesis (e.g. 2 inch in diameter) of highly crystalline, homogeneous and monolayer WS 2 by an enhanced CVD technique, in which precise control of precursor vapor pressures can be effectively achieved in the multi-temperature zone horizontal furnace. Importantly, these monolayers exhibit impressive optoelectronic properties and mechanical flexibility. When configured into typical rigid photodetectors, the monolayer WS 2 exhibits respectable photodetection performance with a responsivity of 0.52 mA/W, a detectivity of 4.9×10 9 Jones and a fast response speed shorter than 560 μs. Furthermore, once fabricated as flexible photodetectors on polyimide, the photodetectors yield the responsivity of up to 5 mA/W. Also, the photocurrent can maintain 89% of its initial value even after 3000 bending cycles. All these results indicate the versatility of this technique to extend for larger substrates as well as the excellent mechanical flexibility and robustness of our large-scale, CVD grown, homogenous monolayer WS 2 for the advanced flexible optoelectronic devices.
Detection of Glycoproteins in Gels and Blots (2009)

As we become more aware of the significance of posttranslational modifications, such as glycosylation, in the production of recombinant proteins and in the proteomic studies of development and disease, techniques for the identification and characterization of the oligosaccharides attached to proteins need to be established. After separation of the proteins by either one-diemensional-(1D)- or two-dimensional-(2D)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), the initial step is to identify which proteins are glycoproteins so that further characterization can proceed. Various methods have been developed since the early detection of glycoproteins on gels (1) and blots, with color, fluorescence, and lectin detection now carried out at the analytical level. The actual level of detection of course depends on the extent of glycosylation of the protein, as the reagents react only with the carbohydrate moiety. We have chosen to describe here the stains that we have found to be the most useful for visualizing glycoproteins, both on gels and blots, after separation by electrophoresis. It should be noted that all the staining procedures currently in use destroy the structure of the carbohydrate and thus prevent further analysis of the glycan component once the glycoprotein is visualized.
Concatenated Forward Error Correction With KP4 and Single Parity Check Codes (2023)

Concatenated forward error correction is studied using an outer KP4 Reed-Solomon code with hard-decision decoding and inner single parity check (SPC) codes with Chase/Wagner soft-decision decoding. Analytical expressions are derived for the end-to-end frame and bit error rates for transmission over additive white Gaussian noise channels with binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) and quaternary amplitude shift keying (4-ASK), as well as with symbol interleavers and quantized channel outputs. The BPSK error rates are compared to those of two other inner codes: a two-dimensional product code with SPC component codes and an extended Hamming code. Simulation results for unit-memory inter-symbol interference channels and 4-ASK are also presented. The results show that the coding schemes achieve similar error rates, but SPC codes have the lowest complexity and permit flexible rate adaptation.
Interweaving Kids in Science—the Young Referees' Approach (2023)

Frontiers for Young Minds (FYM) engages kids worldwide to become involved as “young referees” in the publication of scientific papers aimed at their peers. It enables these kids, and the tens of millions of young readers of FYM, which appeared first in English, now in Hebrew and Arabic, and in
Novel Block Copolymers as Nanofiltration Materials (2002)

The overarching goal of this research was to forge a link between materials science and engineering that may eventually lead to development of new membranes with decreased fouling tendency. Polymer structure influences water transport rates, solute partitioning, and fouling resistance. This article presents the results of testing the first generation of a novel class of nonporous block copolymers for use in nanofiltration (NF) membranes. The block copolymers comprised low surface energy fluoropolymers and highly hydrophilic hydrocarbon-based polymers. The very low surface energy of the fluoropolymer block was intended to resist adhesion of natural organic matter (NOM), a common foulant in drinking water applications of nanofiltration technology. The hydrophilic block was intended to provide channels for water permeation. Thin-film composite membrane tests with a coagulated, settled, and cartridge-filtered drinking water sample showed that the experimental membrane produced comparable water flux to a commercial NF membrane. However, flux decline was also similar to that of the commercial NF membrane. Despite the failure to resist fouling, the data suggest that NOM may be more easily removed from the experimental membrane surface than the commercial membrane surface. Dense film testing of the experimental materials provided measurements of NOM partitioning and diffusion.
The effect of flow on swimming bacteria controls the initial colonization of curved surfaces (2019)

Abstract The colonization of solid surfaces by bacteria is a widespread phenomenon with major consequences on environmental processes, biotechnology and human health. While much is known about the molecular mechanisms of surface colonization, the influence of the physical environment remains poorly understood. Here we show that the magnitude and location of colonization of non-planar surfaces by motile bacteria is largely controlled by the local flow conditions. Using microfluidic experiments with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli , we demonstrate that the velocity gradients created by a curved surface drive preferential attachment to specific regions of the collecting surface, namely the leeward side of cylinders and immediately downstream of apexes on corrugated surfaces, locations that are in stark contrast to where non-motile cells attach. The preferential attachment location depends on the local hydrodynamic conditions and, as revealed by a mathematical model benchmarked on the observations, on cell morphology and swimming traits, while it is independent of the physicochemical properties of the surface. The interplay between imposed flow and bacterial motility further affects the overall attachment rate, increasing it by up to two orders of magnitude compared to the non-motile case at moderate flow velocities of up to twenty times the bacterial swimming speed. These results highlight the importance of fluid flow on the magnitude and location of bacterial colonization of surfaces and provide a mechanistic model to predict colonization in flow for a wide range of applications, from infection biology to bioremediation and biofouling.
40-Gb/s S-band WDM transmission over installed fiber links using erbium-based fiber amplifiers (2005)

We demonstrate 8/spl times/40-Gb/s WDM transmission in the S-band using only erbium-based amplifier technology. It is shown that these amplifiers enable transmission over multiple non-optimized spans of installed SSMF in the Deutsche Telekom network of Berlin.
Trial watch: DNA-based vaccines for oncological indications (2017)

DNA-based vaccination is a promising approach to cancer immunotherapy. DNA-based vaccines specific for tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) are indeed relatively simple to produce, cost-efficient and well tolerated. However, the clinical efficacy of DNA-based vaccines for cancer therapy is considerably limited by central and peripheral tolerance. During the past decade, considerable efforts have been devoted to the development and characterization of novel DNA-based vaccines that would circumvent this obstacle. In this setting, particular attention has been dedicated to the route of administration, expression of modified TAAs, co-expression of immunostimulatory molecules, and co-delivery of immune checkpoint blockers. Here, we review preclinical and clinical progress on DNA-based vaccines for cancer therapy.
Engineering DNA Backbone Interactions Results in TALE Scaffolds with Enhanced 5-Methylcytosine Selectivity (2017)

Transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) are DNA major-groove binding proteins widely used for genome targeting. TALEs contain an N-terminal region (NTR) and a central repeat domain (CRD). Repeats of the CRD selectively recognize each one DNA nucleobase, offering programmability. Moreover, repeats with selectivity for 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and its oxidized derivatives can be designed for analytical applications. However, both TALE domains also nonspecifically interact with DNA phosphates via basic amino acids. To enhance the 5mC selectivity of TALEs, we aimed to decrease the nonselective binding energy of TALEs. We substituted basic amino acids with alanine in the NTR and identified TALE mutants with increased selectivity. We then analysed conserved, DNA phosphate-binding KQ diresidues in CRD repeats and identified further improved mutants. Combination of mutations in the NTR and CRD was highly synergetic and resulted in TALE scaffolds with up to 4.3-fold increased selectivity in genomic 5mC analysis via affinity enrichment. Moreover, transcriptional activation in HEK293T cells by a TALE-VP64 construct based on this scaffold design exhibited a 3.5-fold increased 5mC selectivity. This provides perspectives for improved 5mC analysis and for the 5mC-conditional control of TALE-based editing constructs in vivo.
Compact wavelength detection system incorporating a guided-mode resonance filter (2007)

The authors demonstrate a compact system for the detection of the peak wavelength value emitted by a light source. The system is composed of only two components, a graded-wavelength guided-mode resonance filter placed before a charge-coupled device sensor array. The filter provides a spatially resolved transmission minimum, the position of which is controlled by the wavelength of the incoming light. The sensor array collects the spatially resolved transmitted intensity and the wavelength is determined by recording the position of the transmission minimum along its length. Using this technique, wavelength changes as small as 0.011nm can be detected.
A Planning and Optimization Framework for Ultra Dense Cellular Deployments (2017)

To accommodate the ever-expanding wireless data traffic volumes, mobile network operators are complementing their macrocellular networks by deploying low-power base stations (or small cells) to offload traffic from congested macrocells and to reuse spectrum. To that end, Ultra Dense Network (UDN) deployments provide means to aggressively reuse spectrum, thus providing significant enhancements in terms of system capacity. However, these deployments entail several challenges, including the increased complexity in network planning and optimization. In this paper, we propose a versatile optimization framework for planning UDN deployments. The planning and optimization framework is underpinned by metrics that consider scalability in terms of number of users, cost of densification, and fairness. The proposed methodology is evaluated using a real-world UDN planning case. The numerical results expose a number of interesting insights, including the impact of different bandwidth allocation strategies and spatial service demand distribution on the performance of various network topologies. Specifically, we provide a performance comparison of the optimized UDN topologies versus random (unplanned), regular grid, and heuristically derived UDN topologies. This comparison further underlines the need for flexible network planning and optimization frameworks as different operator performance metrics of interest may require different radio access networks configurations.
Potent Analgesic Action of 2-acetoxy-5-(2-4 (trifluoromethyl)-phenethylamino)-benzoic Acid (Flusalazine) in Experimental Mice (2022)

These findings suggest that flusalazine's safety profile and analgesic effects have high translational potential for the clinical treatment of patients experiencing pain.
Phytoremediation of Organic Contaminants: A Review of Phytoremediation Research at the University of Washington (1998)

As overwhelmingly positive results have become available regarding the ability of plants to degrade compounds such as trichloroethylene, phytoremediation studies are expanding. Studies to determine the potential for phytoremediation of fully chlorinated compounds, such as carbon tetrachloride and tetrachloroethylene, brominated compounds, such as ethylene dibromide and dibromochloropropane, and nonhalogenated compounds, such as methyl-t-butyl ether (MTBE), are underway. When using phytoremediation, it is important to select not only a plant that is capable of degrading the pollutant in question, but also one that will grow well in that specific environment. In ecologically sensitive areas, such as the Hawaiian Islands, only plants native to the area can be used. One way to supplement the arsenal of plants available for remedial actions is to utilize genetic engineering tools to insert into plants those genes that will enable the plant to metabolize a particular pollutant. Hybrid technologies, such as using plants in pumping and irrigation systems, also enable plants to be used as a remedial method when the source of the pollutant is beyond the reach of plant roots, or when planting space directly over the pollutant is unavailable or restricted. Thus, the potential uses of phytoremediation are expanding as the technology continues to offer new, low-cost remediation options.