gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Learning by combining observations and user edits (2007)

We introduce a new collaborative machine learning paradigm in which the user directs a learning algorithm by manually editing the automatically induced model. We identify a generic architecture that supports seam-less interweaving of automated learning from training samples and manual edits of the model, and we dis-cuss the main difficulties that the framework addresses. We describe Augmentation-Based Learning (ABL), the first learning algorithm that supports interweaving of edits and learning from training samples. We use exam-ples based on ABL to outline selected advantages of the approach—dealing with bad data by manually remov-ing their effects from the model, and learning a model with fewer training samples.
Abstract 17813: Baroreflex Failure Increases the Variability of Left Atrial Pressure and Predisposes to Acute Pulmonary Edema in Chronic Heart Failure (2017)

Background: Baroreflex regulates arterial pressure (AP) via controlling sympathetic nerve activity (SNA). Baroreflex-controlled SNA is a powerful regulator of stressed blood volume, which, in turn,...
<title>Tunable Diode Laser Applications To Cigarette Smoke Analysis</title> (1983)

High resolution infrared tunable diode laser spectroscopy (TDL) has been applied to the study of cigarette smoke for qualitative and quantitative determinations involved in tobacco blend and cigarette filter developments. As examples of the different types of application of this work, several TDL studies are presented. The measurements of smoke components on a puff-by-puff basis in confined sample chambers and flowing streams were used to study the smoke component deliveries and the effects of filter dilution. The study of isotopes generated during combustion of chemically treated tobaccos was another application of the TDL system to complex gas mixtures without prior separation of compo-nents. The application of the TDL to the study of cigarette filters and smoke delivery simultaneously was demonstrated by using two well resolved absorption lines of two different gases which occur on a single TDL wavelength scan.
Catastrophic Degradation in High-Power Buried Heterostructure Quantum Cascade Lasers (2019)

Investigation of catastrophic degradation in high-power, buried-heterostructure quantum cascade lasers, using focused ion beam and high-resolution TEM techniques, has revealed dislocations generated, as a result of degradation, mostly in areas away from the active region. © 2019 The Author(s)
An instrumented glove for improving spasticity assessment (2016)

An instrumented glove worn by caregivers that can augment subjective assessments of spasticity with an objective, repeatable metric with reduced inter- and intra-rater variability and improved resolution over existing standards is highly desirable. We present the design and preliminary results of such a system using commercial, off the shelf (COTS) components. The glove includes spatially-resolved, force-dependent resistive sensor elements and an inertial measurement unit. We developed a mock patient that is equipped with a mechanism to adjust the arm stiffness, a load-cell and a potentiometer to measure the work done to move the arm. The mock patient provides ground truth to validate the proposed concept. We report the power measured by the sensors in the mock patient to move the arm and the power estimated by the glove in moving the arm and show Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.64. We observe that raw sensor data and instrumentation errors contributed to significant outliers in these experiments. Initial assessments by clinician show promise of the proposed approach to improve spasticity assessment. Future work includes improvements to instrumentation and further clinical evaluations.
Erratum: XeF ground-state dissociation and vibrational equilibration (1980)

In the abstract the temperature range for diffusion should read "from 855 to 1175 •C" in place of "from 885 to 1175 •C", and the activation energy as "107.1 kcallmole" instead of "110.6 kcallmole".Equation (2) should read as follows:
Probing the Unique Role of Gallium in Amorphous Oxide Semiconductors through Structure–Property Relationships (2017)

Abstract This study explores the unique role of Ga in amorphous (a‐) InGaO oxide semiconductors through combined theory and experiment. It reveals substitutional effects that have not previously been attributed to Ga, and that are investigated by examining how Ga influences structure–property relationships in a series of pulsed laser deposited a‐InGaO thin films. Element‐specific structural studies (X‐ray absorption and anomalous scattering) show good agreement with the results of ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. This structural knowledge is used to understand the results of air‐annealing and Hall effect electrical measurements. The crystallization temperature of a‐IO is shown to increase by as much as 325 °C on substituting Ga for In. This increased thermal stability is understood on the basis of the large changes in local structure that Ga undergoes, as compared to In, during crystallization. Hall measurements reveal an initial sharp drop in both carrier concentration and mobility with increasing Ga incorporation, which moderates at &gt;20 at% Ga content. This decline in both the carrier concentration and mobility with increasing Ga is attributed to dilution of the charge‐carrying InO matrix and to increased structural disorder. The latter effect saturates at high at% Ga.
Switch‐peptides as folding precursors in self‐assembling peptides and amyloid fibrillogenesis (2007)

The study of conformational transitions of peptides has obtained considerable attention recently because of their importance as a molecular key event in a variety of degenerative diseases. However, the study of peptide self-assembly into beta-sheets and amyloid beta (Abeta) fibrils is strongly hampered by their difficult synthetic access and low solubility. We have recently developed a new concept termed switch-peptides that allows the controlled onset of polypeptide folding and misfolding at physiologic conditions. As a major feature, the folding process is initiated by chemically or enzyme triggered O,N-acyl migration in flexible and soluble folding precursors containing Ser- or Thr-derived switch (S)-elements. The elaborated methodologies are exemplified for the in situ conversion of NPY- and Cyclosporine A-derived prodrugs, as well as for the onset and reversal of alpha and beta conformational transitions in Abeta peptides. In combining orthogonally addressable switch-elements, the consecutive switching on of S-elements gives new insights into the role of individual peptide segments (hot spots) in early processes of polypeptide self-assembly and fibrillogenesis. Finally, the well-known secondary structure disrupting effect of pseudoprolines (PsiPro) is explored for its use as a building block (S-element) in switch-peptides. To this end, synthetic strategies are described, allowing for the preparation of PsiPro-containing folding precursors, exhibiting flexible random-coil conformations devoid of fibril forming propensity. The onset of beta-sheet and fibril formation by restoring the native peptide chain in a single step classify PsiPro-units as the most powerful tool for inhibiting peptide self-assembly, and complement the present methodologies of the switch-concept for the study of fibrillogenesis.
Figure S3 from Intratumoral Plasmid IL12 Expands CD8<sup>+</sup> T Cells and Induces a CXCR3 Gene Signature in Triple-negative Breast Tumors that Sensitizes Patients to Anti–PD-1 Therapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure S3&lt;/p&gt;
Optical Modeling and Characterization of Lipid Emulsion Skin Phantoms for SWIR Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (2022)

Skin phantoms provide an efficient way to model light interaction with the human skin. The interest in these phantoms is gaining momentum due to the growing market need for building non-invasive spectral sensors. In this work, lipid-emulsion based phantoms are investigated for the purpose of mimicking the skin in the shortwave infrared (SWIR) range of 1350 nm-2600 nm. Photonic Monte-Carlo simulations are used for modeling the lipid phantoms and to study their expected diffuse reflectance spectrum at different concentrations taking into account light absorption and scattering. Finger skin measurements for different subjects are used for comparison. SMOFlipid (20%)-based phantoms are prepared and measured at concentrations of 2% and 1% looking for the best match with the finger diffuse reflectance spectrum. A concentration of 1.3% is expected to best mimic the skin in the wavelength range of interest, in agreement with the theoretical simulations.
Objective measurement of motion in the orbit (2001)

The research described in the thesis had two major aims: to find methods for objective measurement of motion in the orbit, and to determine the clinical use of these methods in patients with orbital disorders. This implied that a number of research questions had to be answered in the fields of both image science and of ophthalmology and orbitology.&#13;\nThe results have established that measurement of the two- and three-dimensional motion of tissues in the orbit is feasible in humans. It can be imaged in 2-D and 3-D with Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) sequences. It can be calculated objectively from these sequences using optical flow methods. First order techniques were found to be superior for this purpose as they are less sensitive to noise, partial volume effects and aliasing. A new first-order 3-D optical flow algorithm was developed for robust and computationally efficient three-dimensional optical flow estimation. A number of techniques were developed to visualize 2- and 3-D motion combined with the anatomy in 3-D space, using color-coding. &#13;\nThe results of two clinical studies have established the clinical use of objective measurement of motion in the orbit in a number of orbital and motion disorders. The studies have resulted in an explanation for the persistent pain that may occur after enucleation of the globe, based on motion measurements in patients after enucleation. They have also shown that orbital tumors can be differentiated using motion studies.&#13;\nThe results have also shown that the position of the rectus muscle pulleys is the same in patients with Graves disease and in normals. After surgical decompression of the orbit, the muscles and their pulleys are usually not displaced, except in cases where specific muscle paths and pulleys are displaced in specific patterns, resulting in specific motility disturbances. Thus, a new explanation has been found for the motility disturbances that may occur in some patients after decompression surgery for Graves orbitopathy.&#13;\nThese last findings have led to the notion central to this thesis, namely that the orbital tissues are an organ in their own right, the organ of gaze, and do not need their bony orbit to function normally.
Triblock Copolymers Based on 1,3‐Trimethylene Carbonate and Lactide as Biodegradable Thermoplastic Elastomers (2004)

Abstract Summary: Biodegradable triblock copolymers based on 1,3‐trimethylene carbonate (TMC) and different lactides (i.e. D , L ‐lactide(DLLA), L ‐lactide (LLA), D ‐lactide (DLA)) designated as poly(DLLA‐TMC‐DLLA), poly(LLA‐TMC‐LLA) and poly(DLA‐TMC‐DLA) were prepared and their mechanical and thermal properties were compared with those of high molecular weight poly(TMC) and poly(TMC‐ co ‐DLLA) statistical copolymers. Triblock copolymers containing crystallizable LLA or DLA segments perform as thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) when the poly(lactide) blocks are long enough to crystallize. In blends of poly(LLA‐TMC‐LLA) and poly(DLA‐TMC‐DLA) triblock copolymers, stereo‐complex formation between the enantiomeric poly(lactide) segments occurs as demonstrated by differential scanning calorimetry and light microscopy. These blends have good tensile properties and excellent resistance to creep under static and dynamic loading conditions. Permanent deformation (after 2 h recovery) of compression‐molded poly(TMC) and solvent‐cast poly(LLA‐TMC‐LLA) and poly(ST‐TMC‐ST) films. image Permanent deformation (after 2 h recovery) of compression‐molded poly(TMC) and solvent‐cast poly(LLA‐TMC‐LLA) and poly(ST‐TMC‐ST) films.
Cell-type dependent enhancer binding of the EWS/ATF1 fusion gene in clear cell sarcomas (2019)

Clear cell sarcoma (CCS) is a rare soft tissue sarcoma caused by the EWS/ATF1 fusion gene. Here, we established induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from EWS/ATF1-controllable murine CCS cells harboring sarcoma-associated genetic abnormalities. Sarcoma-iPSC mice develop secondary sarcomas immediately after EWS/ATF1 induction, but only in soft tissue. EWS/ATF1 expression induces oncogene-induced senescence in most cell types in sarcoma-iPSC mice but prevents it in sarcoma cells. We identify Tppp3-expressing cells in peripheral nerves as a cell-of-origin for these sarcomas. We show cell type-specific recruitment of EWS/ATF1 to enhancer regions in CCS cells. Finally, epigenetic silencing at these enhancers induces senescence and inhibits CCS cell growth through altered EWS/ATF1 binding. Together, we propose that distinct responses to premature senescence are the basis for the cell type-specificity of cancer development.
Distribution and antimicrobial resistance profiles of bacterial species in stray cats, hospital-admitted cats, and veterinary staff in South Korea (2020)

Abstract Background : Antimicrobial resistance is becoming increasingly important in both human and veterinary medicine. According to the One Health concept, an important step is to monitor the resistance patterns of pathogenic bacteria. In this study, the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and trends of bacteria isolated from stray cats, hospital-admitted cats, and veterinary staff in South Korea between 2017 and 2018 were investigated. Results : The minimum inhibitory concentrations of different antibiotics for Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacteriaceae , and Enterococcus spp. were determined to establish representatives of different antibiotic classes relevant for treatment or surveillance. For Coagulase-positive and Coagulase-negative Staphylococci, resistance to fluoroquinolones was below 13%, but resistance to ampicillin and penicillin was high (20–88%). A total of 9.5%, 12.1%, and 40.3% of staphylococcal isolates from stray cats, hospital-admitted cats, and veterinary staff, respectively, were confirmed to be mecA positive. For Enterobacteriaceae , resistance to carbapenems, fluoroquinolones, and 3 rd generation cephalosporins was low (0–11.1%). The Enterococcus spp. isolates showed no resistance to vancomycin. The antimicrobial resistance rates of the Staphylococcus spp. and Enterobacteriaceae isolates from stray cats were usually lower than those of isolates from hospital-admitted cats and veterinary staff, but the Enterococcus spp. isolates revealed the opposite. Thus, the antimicrobial resistance varied across bacterial species according to the source from which they were isolated. Conclusions : Resistance to critically important compounds were low. However, the presence of antimicrobial resistance in cat isolates is of both public health and animal health concern.
Refinement of the locus for autosomal dominant juvenile optic atrophy to a 2 cM region on 3q28 (1997)

Juvenile optic atrophy (Kjer type; OPA1) is an autosomal dominant trait with an insidious onset in the first decade of life. The condition is characterized by a progressive loss of visual acuity that usually occurs with severe defects in color vision and visual fields. Genetic linkage analysis of a number of families has already assigned the OPA1 locus to the 3q28-qter region, within an estimated region of about 8 cM that is flanked by D3S1601 and D3S1265. Our study of a four-generation English family also supported tight linkage between the OPA1 locus and a group of DNA markers from the reported region. Of the 13 markers genotyped in this family, D3S2305 provided the maximum LOD score of 3.91 at theta = 0.00. Inspection of the haplotype transmission in this family identified critical recombinant individuals that refined the location of the OPA1 locus to an estimated region of about 2cM that is flanked by two DNA markers of D3S1601 and D3S2748. This refinement should facilitate the molecular cloning of the OPA1 gene and the determination of its defective product.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of Nanometer‐Size Fe3O4 and γ‐ Fe2O3 Particles. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Biocompatible Cubic Boron Nitride: A Noncytotoxic Ultrahard Material (2020)

Abstract Cubic boron nitride ( c ‐BN) has an ultrahardness and a large bandgap energy like diamond. In the last 30 years, most of the attention has been directed towards the mechanical and electronic applications of c ‐BN, while its biological potential has been overlooked. The authors report in vitro biocompatibility of high‐quality c ‐BN films prepared by plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition using the chemistry of fluorine. c ‐BN films become superhydrophilic when chemical‐treated in hydrogen and nitrogen plasmas with or without the impact of low‐energy ions due to a marked increase in polar part of the surface free energy by removal of the fluorine atoms terminating c ‐BN surfaces. Satisfactory proliferation and differentiation of osteoblastic cells comparable with a control sample and a superhydrophilic nanocrystalline diamond film, and the formation of mineral deposits by biomineralization are confirmed on the superhydrophilic c ‐BN films with negative values of zeta potential. The results demonstrate a high potential of c ‐BN as a noncytotoxic ultrahard coating material for biological and biomedical applications.
The Electrodeposition Division: Full of Surprises (1999)

It is fascinating that an atom, at the mere offer of an electron or two, will surrender its freedom of motion in a liquid phase and “settle down” with like-minded atoms into a densely populated and utterly rigid community. Such atoms are clearly crazy. The people who study them may be crazy too, but, fortunately, there is a long-standing, well-established support group for such people: the ECS Electrodeposition Division.
Mitigating climate impacts on crop production via symbiosis. (2019)

<title>Abstract</title> All plants in natural ecosystems are thought to be symbiotic with mutualistic fungal endophytes that can significantly improve plant fitness by enhancing root growth, fertility, nutrient acquisition and biotic or abiotic stress tolerance. Recently, Adaptive Symbiotic Technologies developed the product line BioEnsure® comprised of fungal endophytes that confer abiotic stress tolerance (drought, temperature, salinity) to food crops (www.adsymtech.com). These endophytes communicate similarly with monocots and eudicots to enhance crop production on marginal lands and mitigate the impacts of high daytime or nighttime temperatures on crop fertilization. Yield benefits in endophyte-colonized plants are remarkable and directly proportional to stress levels with average yield increases of 3-5% above control plants under low stress and &gt;26% under high stress. The relationship between stress and yield enhancement was best exemplified in Rajasthan, India, where BioEnsure®-treated pearl millet and mung bean seeds were provided to 400 small landholding farmers. Under the hot, dry growing conditions that are typical in Rajasthan, the average yield increases were 29% for pearl millet and 64% for mung bean compared to untreated plants. This demonstrated the power of this technology to increase food security, animal fodder, carry-over seed and revenues. Interest in the USA is growing with BioEnsure®-treated seeds planted in 300,000 acres in 2017 and 900,000 acres in 2018, and &gt;2,000,000 acres are projected for 2019.
Rethinking Enterprise Network Control (2009)

This paper presents Ethane, a new network architecture for the enterprise. Ethane allows managers to define a single network-wide fine-grain policy and then enforces it directly. Ethane couples extremely simple flow-based Ethernet switches with a centralized controller that manages the admittance and routing of flows. While radical, this design is backwards-compatible with existing hosts and switches. We have implemented Ethane in both hardware and software, supporting both wired and wireless hosts. We also show that it is compatible with existing high-fanout switches by porting it to popular commodity switching chipsets. We have deployed and managed two operational Ethane networks, one in the Stanford University Computer Science Department supporting over 300 hosts, and another within a small business of 30 hosts. Our deployment experiences have significantly affected Ethane's design.
A sensitive liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry bioanalytical assay for a novel anticancer candidate – ZMC1 (2015)

ZMC1 {azetidinecarbothioic acid, [1-(2-pyridinyl) ethylidene] hydrazide} is a lead compound being developed as one of the first mutant p53 targeted anti-cancer drugs. Establishing a precise quantitative method is an integral component of this development. The aim of this study was to develop a sensitive LC/MS/MS assay suitable for assessing purity, stability and preclinical pharmacokinetic studies of ZMC1. Acetonitrile protein precipitation extraction was chosen for plasma sample preparation with satisfactory recovery (84.2-92.8%) for ZMC1. Chromatographic separation was achieved on an Xterra C18 column (50 × 4.6 mm, 3.5 µm) using a gradient elution with mobile phase of 0.1% formic acid in water and acetonitrile. ZMC1 and internal standard 2-amino-6-bromobenzothiazole were identified using selected-ion monitoring mode at m/z 235.2/178.2 and m/z 231.0/150.0 at retention times of 5.2 and 6.3 min, respectively. The method was validated with a linearity range of 3.9-500.0 ng/mL in human plasma and showed acceptable reproducibility with intra- and interday precisions <5.9 and 10.5%, and accuracy within ±5.4% of nominal values. This analytical method together with basic stability data in plasma and plasma binding experiments provides a reliable protocol for the study of ZMC1 pharmacokinetics. This will greatly facilitate the pre-clinical development of this novel anti-cancer drug.
IGF‐1 receptor as an alternative receptor for metabolic signaling in insulin receptor‐deficient muscle cells (2001)

We have derived skeletal muscle cell lines from wild-type (wt) and insulin receptor (IR) knockout mice to unravel the metabolic potential of IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R). Both wt and IR(-/-) myoblasts differentiated into myotubes with similar patterns of expression of muscle-specific genes such as MyoD, myogenin and MLC1A indicating that IR is not required for this process. Binding of 125I-IGF-1 on wt and IR(-/-) myotubes was similar showing that IGF-1R was not upregulated in the absence of IR. Stimulation of IR(-/-) myotubes with IGF-1 (10(-10) to 10(-7) M) increased glucose uptake and incorporation into glycogen, induced IRS-1 phosphorylation and activated PI 3-kinase and MAP kinase, two enzymes of major signaling pathways. These effects were comparable to those obtained with wt myotubes using insulin or IGF-1 or with IR(-/-) myotubes using insulin at higher concentrations. This study provides a direct evidence that IGF-1R can represent an alternative receptor for metabolic signaling in muscle cells.