gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aggregation and Linearity in the Provision of Intertemporal Incentives (1987)

We consider the problem of providing incentives over time for an agent with constant absolute risk aversion. The optimal compensation scheme is found to be a linear function of a vector of N accounts which count the number of times that each of the N kinds of observable events occurs. The number N is independent of the number of time periods, so the accounts may entail substantial aggregation. In a continuous time version of the problem, the agent controls the drift rate of a vector of accounts that is subject to frequent, small random fluctuations. The solution is as if the problem were the static one in which the agent controls only the mean of a multivariate normal distribution and the principal is constrained to use a linear compensation rule. If the principal can observe only coarser linear aggregates, such as revenues, costs, or profits, the optimal compensation scheme is then a linear function of those aggregates. The combination of exponential utility, normal distributions, and linear compensation schemes makes computations and comparative statics easy to do, as we illustrate. We interpret our linearity results as deriving in part from the richness of the agent's strategy space, which makes it possible for the agent to undermine and exploit complicated, nonlinear functions of the accounting aggregates.
Metabolic Engineering (1999)

Metabolic engineering is the science that combines systematic analysis of metabolic and other pathways with molecular biological techniques to improve cellular properties by designing and implementing rational genetic modifications. As such, metabolic engineering deals with the measurement of metabolic fluxes and elucidation of their control as determinants of metabolic function and cell physiology. A novel aspect of metabolic engineering is that it departs from the traditional reductionist paradigm of cellular metabolism, taking instead a holistic view. In this sense, metabolic engineering is well suited as a framework for the analysis of genome-wide differential gene expression data, in combination with data on protein content and in vivo metabolic fluxes. The insights of the integrated view of metabolism generated by metabolic engineering will have profound implications in biotechnological applications, as well as in devising rational strategies for target selection for screening candidate drugs or designing gene therapies. In this article we review basic concepts of metabolic engineering and provide examples of applications in the production of primary and secondary metabolites, improving cellular properties, and biomedical engineering.
21st Century Locomotive Technology: Quarterly Technical Status Report 5 DOE/AL68284-TSR05 (2004)

The integration of the common rail injection facility with the single cylinder test facility is in progress. Injection modeling parameters wereimproved. Turbocharger experimental data was analyzed and the turbocharger inspected after full load testing. Automatic seal coat spray techniques were developed and several material compositions were tested as coupons and on representative parts. A downselect was made from hybrid energy storage vendor studies. Further development of battery state algorithms was done, and a test plan developed for locomotive demonstration of advanced energy management algorithms. Trip optimization software platform was integrated and baseline validation is in progress. Hybrid energy storage modules have been integrated into the system model.
Shyness discriminates between children with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome and Williams syndrome and predicts emergence of psychosis in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (2014)

Our results suggest that shyness is an early marker associated with the later emergence of psychosis in 22q11.2DS.
Observation of B(s)0→J/ψpp¯ Decays and Precision Measurements of the B(s)0 Masses (2019)

The first observation of the decays B_{(s)}^{0}→J/ψpp[over ¯] is reported, using proton-proton collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.2 fb^{-1}, collected with the LHCb detector. These decays are suppressed due to limited available phase space, as well as due to Okubo-Zweig-Iizuka or Cabibbo suppression. The measured branching fractions are B(B^{0}→J/ψpp[over ¯])=[4.51±0.40(stat)±0.44(syst)]×10^{-7}, B(B_{s}^{0}→J/ψpp[over ¯])=[3.58±0.19(stat)±0.39(syst)]×10^{-6}. For the B_{s}^{0} meson, the result is much higher than the expected value of O(10^{-9}). The small available phase space in these decays also allows for the most precise single measurement of both the B^{0} mass as 5279.74±0.30(stat)±0.10(syst) MeV and the B_{s}^{0} mass as 5366.85±0.19(stat)±0.13(syst) MeV.
Thermally and Photochemically Controlled Insertion of Alkynes into Clusters: A Route to Organometallic π‐Ligands (1984)

A novel, cyclic conjugated 4π ligand containing a C2Fe2P ring is formed as complex 1 with Fe(CO)3 in the photochemical insertion of diphenylacetylene into the cluster [(μ3-RP){Fe(CO)3}3CO], R = p-methoxyphenyl. 1, with its almost planar ring, is isolobal with dihydro-1,2,5-thiadiborole ligands.—On thermal activation, a complex containing a “heterobutadiene” ligand is formed instead of 1.
The Role of Business-to-Control Agents in Next Generation Automation Enterprise Systems (2010)

Control system level agent technology is a powerful environment that fosters cooperation of control level applications (agents) to solve a set of complex problems not easily solved with a standard control system programming such as ladder code, function blocks, etc. alone. The next logical step in the agent technology evolution is to extend the agent technology capability to the enterprise level. There are many benefits in spanning the agent capability beyond the control system level. The control system environment is not a resource rich environment and some complex large scale applications that require a great deal of computing power may not fit in it. The enterprise level agents can take advantage of the virtually unlimited resources at the enterprise level. This paper discusses the characteristic of intelligent technology and how the agents communicate and cooperate in the different levels of the automation systems.
Test-retest reliability of the Urge-Urinary Distress Inventory and Female Sexual Function Index in women with multiple sclerosis. (2008)

Test-retest reliability of the Urge-Urinary Distress Inventory (U-UDI) and the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) was assessed in women with multiple sclerosis (MS) because it was undetermined whether or not either instrument would yield reliable and valid results in this population. Data from this study suggest that these tools can be reliably used to assess community-dwelling women with mild gait disability and MS-associated symptoms of urinary distress and sexual dysfunction.
Graphene-Based Fibers (2017)

Graphene fibers have formed a new group of materials, which have been acknowledged to possess special significances, due to their unique properties. The graphene aerogel fibers exhibited a type IV nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherm. A similar wet-spinning assembly approach was reported to fabricate graphene fibers with Graphene oxide (GO) solutions combined with chemical reduction. Graphene fibers could be obtained by reducing the GO fibers with hydroiodic acid as the reducing agent. In a separate study, graphene fibers were fabricated by using the wet-spinning and coagulation process, with focus on the understanding of the processing-structure-property relationship. A coaxial two-capillary spinning strategy was developed to continuously fabricate graphene-based hollow fibers with well-controlled morphology. Mechanical properties of the graphene ribbons had a close relation to the orientation of the wrinkles. Chemical vapor deposition graphene films have been used to fabricate graphene fibers through self-assembly.
Inhibition of the malate–aspartate shuttle by pre-ischaemic aminooxyacetate loading of the heart induces cardioprotection (2010)

Preserved mitochondrial function is essential for protection against ischaemia–reperfusion (IR) injury. The malate–aspartate (MA) shuttle constitutes the principal pathway for transport of reducing cytosolic equivalents for mitochondrial oxidation. We hypothesized that a transient shut-down of the MA-shuttle by aminooxyacetate (AOA) during ischaemia and early reperfusion modulates IR injury by mechanisms comparable to ischaemic preconditioning (IPC). Isolated perfused rat hearts exposed to 40 min global no-flow ischaemia were studied in: (i) control, (ii) pre-ischaemic AOA (0.1 mM), (iii) IPC, and (iv) AOA+IPC hearts. IR injury was evaluated by infarct size and haemodynamic recovery. Tracer-estimated glucose oxidation and metabolic changes in glycogen, lactate, pyruvate, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates, and ATP degradation products were measured. The effects of AOA on complex I respiration and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were examined in isolated rabbit mitochondria. Treatment with AOA, IPC, or AOA+IPC induced significant infarct reduction; 28 ± 6, 30 ± 3, and 18 ± 1%, respectively, vs. 52 ± 5% of left ventricular (LV) mass for control (P < 0.01 for all). LV-developed pressure improved to 60 ± 3, 63 ± 5 and 53 ± 4 vs. 31 ± 5 mmHg (P < 0.01 for all) after 2 h reperfusion. Pre-ischaemic AOA administration inhibited glycolysis and increased glucose oxidation during post-ischaemic reperfusion similar to IPC, and suppressed complex I respiration and ROS production in the non-ischaemic heart. Changes in lactate, pyruvate, TCA intermediates, and ATP end products suggested an AOA inhibition of the MA-shuttle during late ischaemia and early reperfusion. Inhibition of the MA-shuttle during ischaemia and early reperfusion is proposed as a mechanism to reduce IR injury.
SoC integration in deep submicron CMOS (2005)

System-on-a-chip (SoC) integration involves a complete system level tradeoff analysis that involves the entire bill of materials, and the architectures used for the communication systems being designed. To realize and optimize SoC requires close collaboration from diverse engineering disciplines, including process integration engineers, circuit engineers, and system engineers to determine the best set of tradeoffs. This synergism will result in finding the most cost effective solution and harness the strengths of the ultra deep submicron process, producing new architectures which will result in innovative solutions to SoC products.
Post-traumatic cyst-like lesion in children (2015)

Reports of post-traumatic cyst-like lesions in children are rare. These lesions occur between 1.5 and 3 months after a fracture. They are more frequent after a distal radius greenstick fracture. Conventional radiographs show a metaphyseal radiolucent lesion inside the most recent subperiosteal bone, adjacent to the initial fracture line. Post-traumatic cyst-like lesions are benign, asymptomatic, nonexpansive, and regress spontaneously. Two typical cases are described in the following report with a literature review of the etiology and main features of these lesions.
Combined targeting of LSD1 (KDM1A) and histone deacetylases exerts superior efficacy against human AML. (2012)

10549 Background: LSD1 (KDM1A) is FAD-dependent histone H3K4Me2 demethylase. Inhibition of LSD1 increases H3K4Me3-a permissive mark for gene expression, and inhibits growth of pluripotent cancer cells. We have previously noted that treatment with the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor panobinostat (PS) depletes EZH2 (the catalytic subunit of the polycomb repressive complex 2, PRC2) and disrupts its interaction with the other PRC2 proteins, attenuates LSD1, and de-represses growth inhibitory and pro-apoptosis genes. Methods: In the present studies, we determined the chromatin effects and the pre-clinical in vitro and in vivo anti-AML activity of the novel, non-monoamine oxidase, reversible inhibitor of LSD1, HCI2509 (100 to 500 nM), alone and in combination with PS, utilizing cultured (OCI-AML3 and HL-60) and primary human AML blast progenitor cells. Results: Treatment with HCI2509 dose-dependently increased the levels of H3K4Me3, p16, p27, and CEBPα in cultured AML cells. This correlated with inhibition of cell growth and induction of morphologic differentiation in AML cells. Exposure to HCI2509 disrupted the binding of LSD1 with the co-repressor CoREST and HDAC1. Treatment with PS (10 to 50 nM) dose-dependently depleted not only LSD1 but also EZH2, SUZ12 and BMI1 in AML cells. Co-treatment with PS enhanced the chromatin modifying effects of HCI2509. The combination also synergistically induced loss of viability of cultured and primary AML cells (combination indices, CI &lt;1.0). Following tail vein infusion and establishment of AML by OCI-AML3 cells in NOD-SCID mice, treatment with HCI2509 (25 mg/kg, b.i.w, IP, for 3 weeks) improved survival, as compared to the control mice (p &lt;0.001). HCI2509 treatment (15 mg/kg IP) also dramatically improved survival of NSG mice with established human AML following tail-vein injection of primary AML blasts expressing FLT3-ITD. Survival was further improved upon co-treatment with HCI2509 and PS (5 mg/kg IP, MWF). Mice did not experience any toxicity or weight loss. Conclusions: Combined epigenetic therapy with HCI2509 and PS exerts superior pre-clinical activity, warranting further in vivo development and testing of HCI2509 against human AML.
Inhibitors of protein tyrosine phosphorylation: preliminary assessment of activity by time‐resolved fluorescence (2000)

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (ErbB1)-associated tyrosine kinase inhibitors may act as potential chemotherapeutic agents. In order to assess the inhibitory activity of these compounds, we developed a simple and sensitive assay based on time-resolved fluorescence. In this technique, crude cell lysates bearing the ErbB1 receptor were captured in microtitre plates immobilized with monoclonal anti-ErbB1 antibody SG 565. Subsequently, the phosphotyrosine content of the cell lysates was quantified by a europium-labelled anti-phosphotyrosine antibody. Thus, genistein, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, was capable of reducing by half the tyrosine phosphorylation caused by the binding of EGF to A431 cells, whereas 6-carboxymethyl genistein did not inhibit protein tyrosine phosphorylation. This assay is simple to perform, does not use radioactive substrates, and can be useful for screening EGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors from natural products or synthetic compounds. Moreover, the assay has a high signal:noise ratio and is suitable for large-scale screening. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Type I diabetes mellitus and enterovirus infections (1997)

Societe finlandaise de recherche sur le diabete Tampere, 17-18 janvier 1997 Le role de facteurs environnementaux dans le diabete de type 1 etait le theme de la reunion de la Societe finlandaise de recherche sur le diabete organisee les 17 et 18 janvier 1997 a Tampere. La Finlande est tres touchee par le diabete de type 1 [...]
Practical Materials Chemistry Approaches for Tuning Optical and Structural Properties of Group IV Semiconductors and Prototype Photonic Devices (2010)

We report new approaches based on rational design and preparation of chemical vapor deposition precursors involving novel main-group hydrides to fabricate new families of Si-based semiconductors and prototype devices that display compositional and structural inheritance, from the parent molecule to the solid end product. This methodology enables materials synthesis at extraordinarily low temperatures that are compatible with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) processing/selective growth and provides the means for obtaining highly metastable strain states in prototype structures that cannot be obtained by conventional protocols. Some of the materials and devices under development, involving alloys in the Si-Ge-Sn system, open up exciting opportunities in photodetectors and photovoltaics because they grow directly on cheap Si substrates and cover an extended range of the near-infrared spectrum that is not accessible to current photovoltaic and optoelectronic group IV semiconductors.
Study of the Performance and Emissions of a Methane Fueled V-Twin Four Stroke Spark Ignited Engine (2021)

This paper discusses the on-going study of a modified two-cylinder V-twin engine used to research and analyze natural gas combustion. The purpose of the experimentation is to determine the feasibility of Natural Gas as an alternative fuel for automotive and stationary power generation applications. During testing the engine was operated under various loads and RPMs. The compression ratio (CR) of the engine was increased from 9.0:1 to 13.8:1 with the expectation of improved fuel combustion and improved emissions. The Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) and air-fuel ratio (AFR) were also varied to determine optimal levels that would improve emissions without compromising excessive power (hp). Lean limit analysis was conducted to understand the effect of increased AFR on combustion and emissions. Results from testing confirmed an emissions benefit of going from low compression to high compression. The Total Hydrocarbons (THC) decreased 25%, Carbon Monoxide levels decrease by 48% and the Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) decreased by 20%. A low percentage of EGR, between 3-6 %, helped reduce Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) emissions from over 830 ppm to less than 450 ppm, an improvement of almost 50%, with less than a 2% increase in THC and CO. Power (hp) actually improved by about 1.5% with 3% EGR.&nbsp; Increasing the AFR proved to decrease emissions but at a cost of power and the lean limit of the engine was found to be between 22 and 23 AFR. At 22 AFR the THC emissions decreased by 40%, CO emission by 90% and NOx emissions by almost 50%, but the power decreased by over 35%.
Circadian expression patterns of nuclear receptors (2021)

Here are some example XML files to help you get started with Content Registration. Books Type Version Input Output Book / monograph 5.3.0 XML JSON (book) JSON (chapter) Book / monograph 4.8.0 XML Book series 5.3.0 XML JSON (series) JSON (book) JSON (chapter) Book set 5.3.0 XML JSON (set) JSON (book) JSON (chapter) Conference Proceedings Type Version Input Output Single proceeding with papers 5.3.0 XML JSON (proceeding) JSON (paper) Single proceeding with papers 4.
Solving the Tyranny of Pipetting (2018)

Stephen Quake is the Lee Otterson Professor of Bioengineering and Applied Physics at Stanford University. Here he reviews the early history of microfluidics and discusses more recent developments, with a focus on applications in biology and biochemistry.
Optical pulse code generation using optical fibre gratings (2002)

Ultrafast optical pulse-code generation was demonstrated using an optical fibre Bragg grating. Single 1.8 ps input pulses were converted into a train of output pulses separated by 21.5 ps, each with controlled amplitude, representing a digital codeword.
Implications of BTI-Induced Time-Dependent Statistics on Yield Estimation of Digital Circuits (2014)

This paper describes the implications of bias temperature instability (BTI)-induced time-dependent threshold voltage distributions on the performance and yield estimation of digital circuits. The statistical distributions encompassing both time-zero and time-dependent variability and their correlations are discussed. The impact of using normally distributed threshold voltages, imposed by state-of-the-art design approaches, is contrasted with our defect-centric approach. Extensive Monte Carlo simulation results are shown for static random access memory cell and ring oscillator structures.
From the Cover: Recombinant adeno-associated virus type 2, 4, and 5 vectors: Transduction of variant cell types and regions in the mammalian central nervous system (2000)

Recombinant adeno-associated virus vectors based on serotype 2 (rAAV2) can direct transgene expression in the central nervous system (CNS), but it is not known how other rAAV serotypes perform as CNS gene transfer vectors. Serotypes 4 and 5 are distinct from rAAV2 and from each other in their capsid regions, suggesting that they may direct binding and entry into different cell types. In this study, we examined the tropisms and transduction efficiencies of beta-galactosidase-encoding vectors made from rAAV4 and rAAV5 compared with similarly designed rAAV2-based vectors. Injection of rAAV5 beta-galactosidase (betagal) or rAAV4betagal into the lateral ventricle resulted in stable transduction of ependymal cells, with approximately 10-fold more positive cells than in mice injected with rAAV2betagal. Major differences between the three vectors were revealed upon striatal injections. Intrastriatal injection of rAAV4betagal resulted again in striking ependyma-specific expression of transgene, with a notable absence of transduced cells in the parenchyma. rAAV2betagal and rAAV5betagal intrastriatal injections led to beta-gal-positive parenchymal cells, but, unlike rAAV2betagal, rAAV5betagal transduced both neurons and astrocytes. The number of transgene-positive cells in rAAV5betagal-injected brains was 130 and 5,000 times higher than in rAAV2betagal-injected brains at 3 and 15 wk, respectively. Moreover, transgene-positive cells were widely dispersed throughout the injected hemisphere in rAAV5betagal-transduced animals. Together, our data provide in vivo support for earlier in vitro work, suggesting that rAAV4 and rAAV5 gain cell entry by means of receptors distinct from rAAV2. These differences could be exploited to improve gene therapy for CNS disorders.
A network meta-analysis of therapeutic outcomes after new image technology-assisted transurethral resection for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: 5-aminolaevulinic acid fluorescence vs hexylaminolevulinate fluorescence vs narrow band imaging (2015)

The recurrence rate of some bladder cancers can be decreased by the implementation of either PDD- and NBI-assisted TUR; in real settings, clinicians should consider replacing WLC as the standard imaging technology to guide TUR.
Anti-inflammatory effects of Lacto-Wolfberry in a mouse model of experimental colitis (2012)

These results demonstrate the anti-inflammatory properties of LWB and suggest that the underlying mechanism is at least in part due to NF-κB inhibition and improved anti-oxidative capacity.
Structural characteristics of methylsilsesquioxane based porous low-k thin films fabricated with increasing cross-linked particle porogen loading (2006)

Methylsilsesquioxane (MSQ) based porous low-k dielectric films are characterized by x-ray porosimetry (XRP) to determine their pore size distribution, average density, wall density, and porosity. By varying the porogen content from 1% to 30% by mass, the porosity changes from 12% to 34% by volume, indicating that the base MSQ matrix material contains approximately 10% by volume inherent microporosity. The wall density of this matrix material is measured to be 1.33–1.35g∕cm3, independent of porosity. The average pore radii determined from the XRP adsorption isotherms increase from 6to27Å with increased porogen loadings. Small angle neutron scattering measurements confirm these XRP average pore radii for the films with porogen loading higher than 10% by mass.
Proceedings of the eighth symposium on space nuclear power systems : Albuquerque, New Mexico, January 6-10, 1991 (1991)

This text on space nuclear power systems is aimed at nuclear physicists and engineers involved with space projects and mission planning. It should also be of use to laboratory scientists, government university and industrial libraries and those involved in space science and policymaking.