gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analyzing Policy Dependencies Using Historical Information (2005)

Autonomic computing is central to the success of IT infrastructure deployment as its complexity and pervasiveness grows. This paper addresses one aspect of policy-based autonomic computing - the issue of identifying dependencies between policies, knowledge of which is useful to the policymaker while defining or updating policies. These dependencies are determined via assesment of the impact of a policy on the sensors (measurable entities at runtime). Our approach uses a simple pragmatic model over the measured runtime information from the recent past. Both static and runtime information is combined to provide effective feedback.
Transparent Films from CO2‐Based Polyunsaturated Poly(ether carbonate)s: A Novel Synthesis Strategy and Fast Curing (2016)

Transparent films were prepared by cross-linking polyunsaturated poly(ether carbonate)s obtained by the multicomponent polymerization of CO2 , propylene oxide, maleic anhydride, and allyl glycidyl ether. Poly(ether carbonate)s with ABXBA multiblock structures were obtained by sequential addition of mixtures of propylene oxide/maleic anhydride and propylene oxide/allyl glycidyl ether during the polymerization. The simultaneous addition of both monomer mixtures provided poly(ether carbonate)s with AXA triblock structures. Both types of polyunsaturated poly(ether carbonate)s are characterized by diverse functional groups, that is, terminal hydroxy groups, maleate moieties along the polymer backbone, and pendant allyl groups that allow for versatile polymer chemistry. The combination of double bonds substituted with electron-acceptor and electron-donor groups enables particularly facile UV- or redox-initiated free-radical curing. The resulting materials are transparent and highly interesting for coating applications.
In situ thin film and multilayer structural characterization using x-ray fluorescence induced by reflection high energy electron diffraction (2009)

The angular dependence of the x-ray fluorescence from Y and Mn inner K shell ionization induced by a grazing angle incident electron beam in several multilayered Y/Mn structures was analyzed using the distorted-wave approximation. Estimates of structural parameters, thickness, and interfacial roughness were obtained from the x-ray fluorescence measured in the total reflection regime and compared with ex situ x-ray reflectivity results. Although the sensitivity to the surface and interface roughness was relatively low, the thickness values for both single and buried layers were in good agreement with the x-ray reflectivity measurements.
Syk-deficient eosinophils show normal interleukin-5–mediated differentiation, maturation, and survival but no longer respond to FcγR activation (2000)

The tyrosine kinase Syk has been proposed to play a critical role in the antiapoptotic effect of interleukin (IL)-5 in human eosinophils. However, little is known about the involvement of Syk in other IL-5–mediated activation events. To further address these questions, the role of Syk in IL-5–induced eosinophil differentiation, activation, and survival was analyzed using cells obtained from Syk-deficient mice. We could demonstrate that Syk-deficient fetal liver cells differentiate into mature eosinophils in response to IL-5 at the same rate as wild-type fetal liver cells and generate the same total number of eosinophils. Moreover, no difference in IL-5–induced survival of mature eosinophils between Syk−/− and wild-type eosinophils could be demonstrated, suggesting that the antiapoptotic effect of IL-5 does not require Syk despite the activation of this tyrosine kinase upon IL-5 receptor ligation. In contrast, eosinophils derived from Syk-deficient but not wild-type mice were incapable of generating reactive oxygen intermediates in response to Fcγ receptor (FcγR) engagement. Taken together, these data clearly demonstrate no critical role for Syk in IL-5–mediated eosinophil differentiation or survival but underline the importance of this tyrosine kinase in activation events induced by FcγR stimulation.
Long-Term Influence of Calcitriol (1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D) and Supplemental Phosphate in X-Linked Hypophosphatemic Rickets (1983)

Ten patients with hypophosphatemic rickets (eight with X-linked familial form) were treated with vitamin D2 (10,000 to 75,000 units per day) and oral phosphate (1.5 to 3.6 gm) for a total of 438 treatment months. Therapy was then changed to calcitriol (17 to 34 ng/kg/day) and the same phosphate dose. Patients served as their own controls, and significant biochemical changes noted were an increase in immunoreactive parathyroid hormone from 29 +/- 9 (SD) microliters Eq/ml (pre-phosphate) to 62 +/- 34 on vitamin D2 plus PO4, then decreasing to 40 +/- 20 on a regimen of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) plus PO4; serum PO4 rose from 2.44 +/- 0.45 (SD) mg/100 ml to 3.06 +/- 0.79 and then to 3.43 +/- 0.76; alkaline phosphatase activity decreased from 677 +/- 298 (SD) IU/liter to 457 +/- 183 to 290 +/- 176. Serum calcium and creatinine levels were unchanged. Both urinary calcium excretion and calcium-creatinine ratio decreased after therapy with 1,25(OH)2D. Urinary phosphate excretion was higher after calcitriol administration. Serum 1,25(OH)2D levels were low in these vitamin D2-treated patients, and an inverse relationship between serum 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D was found. Improved bone mineralization was evident from serial assessment by photon absorptiometry, and radial bone mineral content rose from 75.3% +/- 2.2% of expected to 82.2% +/- 1.4% (P less than .005). Stature was improved when assessed by standard deviation for chronologic age but did not reach statistical significance. Long-term 1,25(OH)2D plus phosphate therapy appears to be more efficacious than vitamin D2 in this form of rickets, particularly in improving phosphate homeostasis.
Ultrascale Collaborative Visualization Using a Display-Rich Global Cyberinfrastructure (2010)

The scalable adaptive graphics environment (SAGE) is high-performance graphics middleware for ultrascale collaborative visualization using a display-rich global cyberinfrastructure. Dozens of sites worldwide use this cyberinfrastructure middleware, which connects high-performance-computing resources over high-speed networks to distributed ultraresolution displays.
<title>Comparison of the damping and stiffness properties of 8wt% yttria stabilized zirconia ceramic coating deposited by the APS and EB-PVD techniques</title> (2005)

Recent research into the use of thermal barrier coatings has shown that they can provide sufficient additional damping, reducing vibration levels and significantly extending the life of the coated component. Various deposition techniques may be employed to apply ceramic coatings with Air Plasma Spraying (APS) and Electron Beam - Physical Vapour Deposition (EB-PVD) being the most widely used. However, one has to take into account that even when the starting ceramic material is the same, the microstructures of the resultant coatings depend strongly on the deposition technique. The objective of this paper is to study of the differences in the damping behaviour and stiffness of an yttria-stabilised zirconia (YSZ with 8%wt yttria) coating deposited by APS and by EB-PVD. Both damping and stiffness of these two YSZ coatings were estimated from tests performed at room and high temperatures. Moreover, this paper presents the microstructural characterisation of these two YSZ coatings using scanning electron microscopy, and attempts a correlation of the differences in their properties to their microstructure.
Development of an Analytical Methodology for Quantification of Strong Acid in Diesel Oil (2009)

Abstract Many factors can affect the quality of diesel oil, in particular the degradation processes that are directly related to some organosulfur compounds. During the degradation process, these compounds are oxidized into their corresponding sulfonic acids, generating a strong acid content during the process. p ‐Toluene sulfonic acid analysis was performed using the linear sweep voltammetry technique with a platinum ultramicroelectrode in aqueous solution containing 3 mol L −1 potassium chloride. An extraction step was introduced prior to the voltammetric detection in order to avoid the adsorption of organic molecules, which inhibit the electrochemical response. The extraction step promoted the transference of sulfonic acid from the diesel oil to an aqueous phase. The method was accurate and reproducible, with detection and quantification limits of 5 ppm and 15 ppm, respectively. Recovery of sulfonic acid was around 90%.
Adaptive Engineering of Phytochelatin-based Heavy Metal Tolerance (2015)

Metabolic engineering approaches are increasingly employed for environmental applications. Because phytochelatins (PC) protect plants from heavy metal toxicity, strategies directed at manipulating the biosynthesis of these peptides hold promise for the remediation of soils and groundwaters contaminated with heavy metals. Directed evolution of Arabidopsis thaliana phytochelatin synthase (AtPCS1) yields mutants that confer levels of cadmium tolerance and accumulation greater than expression of the wild-type enzyme in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Arabidopsis, or Brassica juncea. Surprisingly, the AtPCS1 mutants that enhance cadmium tolerance and accumulation are catalytically less efficient than wild-type enzyme. Metabolite analyses indicate that transformation with AtPCS1, but not with the mutant variants, decreases the levels of the PC precursors, glutathione and γ-glutamylcysteine, upon exposure to cadmium. Selection of AtPCS1 variants with diminished catalytic activity alleviates depletion of these metabolites, which maintains redox homeostasis while supporting PC synthesis during cadmium exposure. These results emphasize the importance of metabolic context for pathway engineering and broaden the range of tools available for environmental remediation.
91-LB: Once-Weekly Exenatide in Youth with Type 2 Diabetes: A Pivotal Phase III Randomized Study (2021)

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of once‑weekly exenatide (EQW) in youth with T2D.Methods: Participants (aged 10 to <18 years) were randomized (5:2) to EQW 2 mg or placebo. The primary efficacy endpoint was change from baseline in HbA1c at week 24. The secondary efficacy endpoints included changes in fasting glucose (FG), body weight, and systolic blood pressure (SBP). Frequency of adverse events (AEs) was also assessed.Results: Overall, 83 participants were randomized (exenatide: 59; placebo: 24); 72 completed 24-week treatment. Baseline characteristics were mostly balanced between groups. At 24 weeks, EQW was superior to placebo in lowering HbA1c; the least squares mean (LSM) change in HbA1c was −0.36% for EQW and +0.49% for placebo (between-group difference: −0.85%; P=0.012). Nonsignificant LSM differences from baseline to 24 weeks favoring EQW were observed for FG (−21.6 mg/dL; 95% CI: −49.0, 5.7; P=0.119), SBP (−2.8 mmHg; 95% CI: −8.0, 2.4; P=0.284), and body weight (−1.22 kg; 95% CI: −3.59, 1.15; P=0.307). EQW was well tolerated; AEs occurred in 61.0% and 73.9% and serious AEs in 3.4% and 4.3% of participants in the EQW and placebo groups, respectively.Conclusion: In youth with T2D sub-optimally controlled with current treatments, EQW was effective in improving metabolic control. EQW was well-tolerated and no AEs led to treatment discontinuation by the investigator.View largeDownload slideView largeDownload slide DisclosureW. V. Tamborlane: Consultant; Self; Medtronic, Sanofi, Other Relationship; Self; Tolerion, Inc. C. Sjöström: Employee; Self; AstraZeneca, Stock/Shareholder; Self; AstraZeneca. R. Bishai: Employee; Self; AstraZeneca. D. Geller: None. N. Shehadeh: Advisory Panel; Self; AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, Research Support; Self; Novo Nordisk, Speaker's Bureau; Self; AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi. D. Al-abdulrazzaq: None. É. Károly: None. O. Doehring: Employee; Self; AstraZeneca. D. Carter: Employee; Self; AstraZeneca. J. Monyak: Employee; Self; AstraZeneca.
Methylation Analysis of the FAM19A4 Gene in Cervical Scrapes Is Highly Efficient in Detecting Cervical Carcinomas and Advanced CIN2/3 Lesions (2014)

Primary testing for human papillomavirus (HPV) in cervical screening requires triage to differentiate women with transient infection from those with persistent infection who require more intensive management given their risk for cervical (pre)cancer. In this study, the clinical performance of a novel methylation marker FAM19A4 for the triage of high-risk (hr)HPV-positive women was evaluated. Using a training-validation set approach, we analyzed a FAM19A4 quantitative methylation-specific PCR (qMSP). The training set comprised hrHPV-positive cervical scrapes of 43 women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 or worse (CIN3+) and 135 women with ≤CIN1. The validation set comprised hrHPV-positive cervical scrapes of 52 women with CIN2+, including 33 CIN3+, 19 CIN2, and 166 women with ≤CIN1. The methylation threshold of FAM19A4 qMSP that gave rise to CIN3+ specificity of 70% in the training set was applied in the validation set. This resulted in CIN3+ sensitivity of 75.8% [95% confidence interval (CI), 61.1-90.4] at 67.0% (95% CI, 60.3-73.8) specificity. Next, the validated qMSP was applied to an independent series of hrHPV-positive cervical scrapes of 22 women with cervical cancer, 29 with advanced CIN2/3 [i.e., women with a known preceding hrHPV infection (PHI) lasting ≥5 years as proxy of longer duration of lesion existence], and 19 with early CIN2/3 (i.e., PHI <5 years). All carcinomas (22/22) and advanced CIN2/3 lesions (29/29) were FAM19A4 methylation-positive, compared with 42.1% (8/19; 95% CI, 19.9-64.3) of early CIN2/3 lesions. In conclusion, FAM19A4 is an attractive triage marker for hrHPV-positive women, with a high reassurance for the detection of cervical carcinoma and advanced CIN2/3 lesions.
Stabilizing perovskite halide solar absorbers through direct atomic layer deposition of pinhole-free oxides (2016)

Direct deposition of pinhole-free oxide thin films by atomic layer deposition (ALD) have proven to be an efficacious route to passivation layers and diffusion barriers in many applications. However, perovskite halides absorbers are largely incompatible with the process conditions for conventional atomic layer deposition oxides, namely temperatures greater than 100 °C and oxygen sources that include water or ozone. We have identified deposition chemistry based on an anhydrous acetic acid oxygen source which can be applied directly to perovskite halide thin films to produce oxide overlayers (including TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ) that dramatically stabilize against relative humidity, liquid water, and temperatures up to 250 °C.
Comparison of Two Forward Error Correction Approaches for Packet Protection in HDTV with Variable Bit Rate Transmission (2008)

We examine the efficiency of two FEC strategies for the protection of HDTV video packets transmitted at variable bit rate. The first FEC strategy pursues packet protection by means of a fixed Reed-Solomon code. The second strategy encodes a set of packets within a fixed time frame resulting in Reed-Solomon codes of variable length. We quantify the performance of both strategies for a representative movie where the HDTV video packets are transmitted at variable bit rate over a channel that is subjected to independent errors and error bursts.
Susceptibilities of Mycobacterium marinum to Gatifloxacin, Gemifloxacin, Levofloxacin, Linezolid, Moxifloxacin, Telithromycin, and Quinupristin-Dalfopristin (Synercid) Compared to Its Susceptibilities to Reference Macrolides and Quinolones (2002)

The susceptibility pattern of Mycobacterium marinum was determined. Quinupristin-dalfopristin and telithromycin were less active than clarithromycin. Linezolid showed good antimicrobial activity at clinically achievable concentrations. Gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin displayed activities similar to those of ciprofloxacin. Gemifloxacin was less active. The Etest method showed variable agreement with the reference method.
Laser processing of integrated optical components (1992)

The current optoelectronics industry is hleaded toward increasing integration of a large number of passive and active components onto a single substrate. We discuss in this paper our technique for the maskless, laser-based fabrication of integrated optical components.“2 The process uses a focused laser beam to photoelectrochemically etch micrometer-scale grooves in GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures, thereby patterning rib-like optical waveguide structures. The technique can be used as a prototyping tool for developing and testing new integrated optic circuits, and unique characteristics of the process offer the potential for fabricating novel integrated optic device structures.
Hydrogen distribution in Nb/Ta superlattices (2012)

The distribution of hydrogen in Nb/Ta superlattices has been investigated by combined neutron reflectivity and x-ray scattering. We provide evidence to support that strain modulations determined with x-ray diffraction can be interpreted as modulations in hydrogen content. We show that the hydrogen concentration is modulated and favors Nb, in agreement with previous studies. We measure the concentration directly using neutron reflectivity and demonstrate no detectable change in the distribution of hydrogen with temperature, in stark contrast to previous studies.
Sexual reproduction and mating-type–mediated strain development in the penicillin-producing fungus Penicillium chrysogenum (2013)

Penicillium chrysogenum is a filamentous fungus of major medical and historical importance, being the original and present-day industrial source of the antibiotic penicillin. The species has been considered asexual for more than 100 y, and despite concerted efforts, it has not been possible to induce sexual reproduction, which has prevented sexual crosses being used for strain improvement. However, using knowledge of mating-type (MAT) gene organization, we now describe conditions under which a sexual cycle can be induced leading to production of meiotic ascospores. Evidence of recombination was obtained using both molecular and phenotypic markers. The identified heterothallic sexual cycle was used for strain development purposes, generating offspring with novel combinations of traits relevant to penicillin production. Furthermore, the MAT1-1-1 mating-type gene, known primarily for a role in governing sexual identity, was also found to control transcription of a wide range of genes with biotechnological relevance including those regulating penicillin production, hyphal morphology, and conidial formation. These discoveries of a sexual cycle and MAT gene function are likely to be of broad relevance for manipulation of other asexual fungi of economic importance.
Manipulation of quantum dot emission with semiconductor metasurfaces exhibiting magnetic quadrupole resonances (2020)

Optical metasurfaces were suggested as a route for engineering advanced light sources with tailored emission properties. In particular, they provide a control over the emission directionality, which is essential for single-photon sources and LED applications. Here, we experimentally study light emission from a metasurface composed of III-V semiconductor Mie-resonant nanocylinders with integrated quantum dots (QDs). Specifically, we focus on the manipulation of the directionality of spontaneous emission from the QDs due to excitation of different magnetic quadrupole resonances in the nanocylinders. To this end, we perform both back focal plane imaging and momentum-resolved spectroscopy measurements of the emission. This allows for a comprehensive analysis of the effect of the different resonant nanocylinder modes on the emission characteristics of the metasurface. Our results show that the emission directionality can be manipulated by an interplay of the excited quadrupolar nanocylinder modes with the metasurface lattice modes and provide important insights for the design of novel smart light sources and new display concepts.
Improved method for producing metal-reinforced ceramics (1972)

Vacuum impregnation process produces metal-reinforced ceramics with only 3 percent void space volumes. Method may be used to produce metal-reinforced ceramics for high temperature or structural applications such as furnace supports and armor.
15-Hydroxyprostaglandin Dehydrogenase is a Target of Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 3β and a Tumor Suppressor in Lung Cancer (2008)

The forkhead transcription factor hepatocyte nuclear factor 3beta (HNF3beta) is essential in foregut development and the regulation of lung-specific genes. HNF3beta expression leads to growth arrest and apoptosis in lung cancer cells and HNF3beta is a candidate tumor suppressor in lung cancer. In a transcriptional profiling study using a conditional cell line system, we now identify 15-PGDH as one of the major genes induced by HNF3beta expression. 15-PGDH is a critical metabolic enzyme of proliferative prostaglandins, an antagonist to cyclooxygenase-2 and a tumor suppressor in colon cancer. We confirmed the regulation of 15-PGDH expression by HNF3beta in a number of systems and showed direct binding of HNF3beta to 15-PGDH promoter elements. Western blotting of lung cancer cell lines and immunohistochemical examination of human lung cancer tissues found loss of 15-PGDH expression in approximately 65% of lung cancers. Further studies using in vitro cell-based assays and in vivo xenograft tumorigenesis assays showed a lack of in vitro but significant in vivo tumor suppressor activity of 15-PGDH via an antiangiogenic mechanism analogous to its role in colon cancer. In summary, we identify 15-PGDH as a direct downstream effector of HNF3beta and show that 15-PGDH acts as a tumor suppressor in lung cancer.
Detection of amphiregulin and Cripto-1 in mammary tumors from transgenic mice (1996)

Epidermal growth factor family members are widely expressed in human breast cancer and are thought to play an important dual role in mammary gland development and tumorigenesis. Overexpression of two relatively new members of this family, amphiregulin (AR) and Cripto-1 (CR-1), has been previously shown to transform immortalized human and mouse mammary epithelial cells. Here, we extend these results and address the disregulated expression of AR and CR-1 in many types of transgenic neoplastic mouse mammary tissues. Transgenic mouse strains overexpressing the oncogenes transforming growth factor-alpha, neu, int-3, polyoma virus middle T antigen, and simian virus 40 large T antigen have been previously shown to develop spontaneous mammary neoplasia. These models were each examined for mammary-tumor expression of AR and CR-1 by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, western blot, and immunocytochemical analyses. Mammary tumors from each source expressed AR and CR-1. Western blot analysis revealed that, in all mammary tumors, AR and CR-1 protein species were processed differently than in virgin and lactating mouse mammary tissue. In addition, immunohistochemical detection of AR and CR-1 in tumor tissue revealed different patterns of growth-factor localization in different types of transgenic mouse mammary-derived tumors. These findings are consistent with the possibility of widespread roles for AR and CR-1 in the promotion and/or progression stages of mouse mammary tumorigenesis.
Nanokomposite mit 0.5 bis 3 nm großen Strukturdomänen durch Polymerisation von Silicium‐Spiroverbindungen (2009)

Aus eins mach zwei: Ausgehend von einer leicht polymerisierbaren Silicium-Spiroverbindung gelingt es, in einem einzelnen Prozessschritt zwei interpenetrierende Polymerstrukturen – SiO2 und Phenolharz – ohne die Bildung von Beiprodukten herzustellen. Diese neue Polymerisationsmethode ist auf verschiedenste Monomere anwendbar und macht Polymermaterialien mit Domänengrößen von 0.5 bis 3 nm zugänglich.