gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Topical Administration of Verapamil in Poly(ethylene glycol)-Modified Liposomes for Enhanced Sinonasal Tissue Residence in Chronic Rhinosinusitis: Ex Vivo and In Vivo Evaluations (2023)

Verapamil is a calcium channel blocker that holds promise for the therapy of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with and without nasal polyps. The verapamil-induced side effects limit its tolerated dose via the oral route, underscoring the usefulness of localized intranasal administration. However, the challenge to intranasal administration is mucociliary clearance, which diminishes localized dose availability. To overcome this challenge, verapamil was loaded into a mucoadhesive cationic poly(ethylene glycol)-modified (PEGylated) liposomal carrier. Organotypic nasal explants were exposed to verapamil liposomes under flow conditions to mimic mucociliary clearance. The liposomes resulted in significantly higher tissue residence compared with the free verapamil control. These findings were further confirmed in vivo in C57BL/6 mice following intranasal administration. Liposomes significantly increased the accumulation of verapamil in nasal tissues compared with the control group. The developed tissue-retentive verapamil liposomal formulation is considered a promising intranasal delivery system for CRS therapy.
Photoinduced Electron Transfer in Photorobust Coumarins Linked with Electron Donors Affording Long Lifetimes of Triplet Charge‐Separated States (2010)

Electron donor (D) substituted 3-ethoxycarbonylcoumarin (CM) derivatives [D-CM: D = 4-diphenylaminophenyl (DPA), 4-diethylaminophenyl (DEA), 4-dimethylaminophenyl (DMA), and 2-methyl-4-dimethylaminophenyl (MeDMA)] are synthesized and characterized. Photoinduced electron transfer (ET) from the D moiety to the acceptor (CM) and back electron transfer (BET) are investigated by femtosecond and nanosecond laser flash photolysis measurements. Femtosecond laser excitation at 355 nm of a deaerated acetonitrile (MeCN) solution of D-CM shows generation of the singlet charge-separated (CS) state [(1)(D(.+)-CM(.-))] by ET from D to the singlet excited state of the CM moiety ((1)CM*), and this is followed by rapid decay within 3 ns to afford the triplet excited state (D-(3)CM*). Nanosecond laser excitation of a deaerated MeCN solution of D-CM results in formation of the triplet CS state by ET from D to (3)CM*. The quantum yield of formation of the triplet CS state [(3)(DPA(.+)-CM(.-))] in the presence of iodobenzene (PhI) in deaerated MeCN increases with increasing concentration of PhI to reach 27 % at 0.5 M PhI. The triplet CS state decays by bimolecular BET because of the long CS lifetime by unimolecular BET. Formation of the long-lived triplet CS state was confirmed by electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements. The photorobust nature of DPA-CM is demonstrated by multiple laser pulse excitation (>1000 times) at 355 nm. The photoinduced ET and BET rate constants of a series of D-CM are thoroughly analyzed in light of the Marcus theory of electron transfer.
Cardiac diffusion tensor MRI in vivo without strain correction (1999)

Cardiac diffusion MRI with diffusion encoding that spans a cardiac cycle is complicated by myocardial strains. This paper presents a method to obtain accurate diffusion data without strain correction. Owing to the synchrony of normal cardiac motion, there are time points in the cardiac cycle, "sweet spots," when the cardiac configuration approximates its temporal mean. If the diffusion is encoded then, the net effect of strain on the observed diffusion approximates zero. To test this, MRI diffusion and strain-rate movies are performed on cyclically deformed gel phantoms and in five normal subjects. In phantoms, the sweet spots predicted from the strain time curves agree with the times when the observed diffusion equals the true diffusion. In humans, the strain prediction of the sweet spots and the locations determined by the diffusion trace show a high correlation, r = 0.99. In all subjects, diffusion MRI presents a fiber orientation pattern comparable to that obtained from a stationary specimen. Magn Reson Med 42:393-403, 1999.
Coaxially Stacked Coronene Columns inside Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2011)

Pancakes in tubes: Coronenes, a class of planar π-conjugated molecules, organize in 1D structures when using single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) as templates (see picture). Coronene columns with coaxial stacking in SWCNTs exhibit characteristic fluorescence spectra that significantly differ from those of isolated coronene molecules and three-dimensional crystals and that are related to their well-ordered 1D structure. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Changes in the ratio of urinary α1‐microglobulin to ulinastatin levels in patients with Alzheimer‐type dementia and vascular dementia (1995)

Relationships between urinary levels of alpha 1-microglobulin (alpha 1M) and ulinastatin (UT) in patients with dementia were investigated. There were no significant differences in alpha 1M and UT levels and alpha 1M: UT ratios among three groups: age-matched control subjects, patients with either Alzheimer-type senile dementia (ATD) or vascular dementia (VD). Although a positive correlation was established between alpha 1M and UT levels in these groups, the regression of the demented patients differed significantly from that of controls (P < 0.05). A tendency towards a negative correlation between alpha 1M: UT ratios and the levels of severity or duration of the disease was displayed in the ATD group, whereas a tendency toward a positive correlation between alpha 1M: UT ratios and the levels of severity was observed in the VD group. These results suggest that changes in the relationships between urinary levels of alpha 1M and UT may provide a useful biochemical index for diagnoses of ATD and VD.
Towards Backward-Compatible Representation Learning (2020)

We propose a way to learn visual features that are compatible with previously computed ones even when they have different dimensions and are learned via different neural network architectures and loss functions. Compatible means that, if such features are used to compare images, then ``new'' features can be compared directly to ``old'' features, so they can be used interchangeably. This enables visual search systems to bypass computing new features for all previously seen images when updating the embedding models, a process known as backfilling. Backward compatibility is critical to quickly deploy new embedding models that leverage ever-growing large-scale training datasets and improvements in deep learning architectures and training methods. We propose a framework to train embedding models, called backward-compatible training (BCT), as a first step towards backward compatible representation learning. In experiments on learning embeddings for face recognition, models trained with BCT successfully achieve backward compatibility without sacrificing accuracy, thus enabling backfill-free model updates of visual embeddings.
Thermoelectric nanospectroscopy for the imaging of molecular fingerprints (2018)

Abstract We present a nanospectroscopic device platform allowing simple and spatially resolved thermoelectric detection of molecular fingerprints of soft materials. Our technique makes use of a locally generated thermal gradient converted into a thermoelectric photocurrent that is read out in the underlying device. The thermal gradient is generated by an illuminated atomic force microscope tip that localizes power absorption onto the sample surface. The detection principle is illustrated using a concept device that contains a nanostructured strip of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) defined by electron beam lithography. The platform’s capabilities are demonstrated through a comparison between the spectrum obtained by on‐chip thermoelectric nanospectroscopy with a nano‐FTIR spectrum recorded by scattering‐type scanning near‐field optical microscopy at the same position. The subwavelength spatial resolution is demonstrated by a spectral line scan across the edge of the PMMA layer.
21202 Flow visualization for rotation cleaning of wafer (2014)

Characteristics of liquid jet cleaning for a rotating wafer were experimentally investigated. Flow patterns on the rotating disk were visualized using a high speed camera. White pigment was mixed with the liquid as a tracer particles for visualization. Visualization image was binarized for the analysis of flow pattern. Surface coverage ratio was derived from the result of image analysis. Staying time of the liquid was also measured using the image analysis data.
Kindlin-3 organizes a ring of clustered high affinity β2 integrins during human neutrophil spreading under flow (2020)

Abstract Neutrophils are vital for inflammation and immune defense. Dependent on β2 integrins, spherical neutrophils spread on vascular endothelium after arrest, which is critical for their recruitment from circulation to resist high shear flow and to initiate intravascular crawling. Here, we use high-resolution quantitative dynamic footprinting microscopy to monitor neutrophil spreading on a substrate of recombinant ICAM-1 and P-selectin under flow. A homogenous binding assay using the conformation-reporter antibodies mAb24 (reporting high-affinity β2, H+) and KIM127 (reporting extended β2, E+) showed three conformations of activated β2 integrins. E−H+ β2 integrins increased before E+H− and E+H+ conformations at the beginning of neutrophil spreading. Integrin extension depended on Syk-mediated integrin outside-in signaling. The ring of E−H+ and E+H+, but not E+H− β2 integrins was fully formed during late neutrophil spreading just before migration. Using kindlin-3-GFP fusion proteins, a ring of kindlin-3 was observed before the ring of H+ integrins appeared. These findings show spatially coordinated integrin activation during spreading. The previously unrecognized E−H+ conformation is the pioneer integrin for neutrophil spreading and appears to be organized by kindlin-3.
A semantic and collaborative platform for agile requirements evolution (2010)

The characteristics of web-based and community-oriented social software are very useful in the context of software engineering in general and requirements engineering in particular. Their ease of use, transparency of communication, user orientation, self organization and emergent nature resulting from a continual social feedback are particularly relevant to an agile requirements definition exercise. The reason is that agile requirements are inherently meant to be collaboration-intensive. However, while the benefits of social platforms are valuable, they are necessary and not sufficient in themselves for making the exercise effective. The emerging social software engineering discipline is about enabling community-driven creation, management and deployment of software by applying methods, processes and tools in online environments. In this paper, we report our work on a semantic and collaborative platform that combines the virtues of social software principles and the semantic web concepts to enable knowledge-assisted agile requirements definition.
Association Between Polygenic Risk Scores and Outcome of ECT (2022)

Improvement after ECT is associated with polygenic liability for major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder, providing evidence of a genetic component for ECT clinical response. These liabilities may be considered along with clinical predictors in future prediction models of ECT outcomes.
Polarization properties of bent‐type optical fibre probe for magneto‐optical imaging (1999)

Quantitative evaluation of magneto-optical parameters is necessary in order to apply scanning near-field optical microscope (SNOM) technology to the study of magnetism on the mesoscopic scale. For this purpose, quantitative knowledge of polarization transmission properties through an optical fibre probe is required. We therefore determined the Stokes parameters of the bent-type optical fibre probe that is used as a cantilever for atomic force microscope operation in our SNOM system. As a result, it is found that the degree of polarization is maintained in the light emitted from the probe, although the probe acts as if it were a wave plate. This anisotropic polarization state of the light emitted from the probe was compensated for by using a Berek compensator placed in front of the fibre coupler.
Cloning of Homozygous a1,3-Galactosyltransferase Gene Knock-Out Pigs by Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (2012)

Cloning of Homozygous a1,3-Galactosyltransferase Gene Knock-Out Pigs by Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer
Chemical ionization mass spectrometry of quaternary amines (1975)

Chemical ionization mass spectra of eleven biomedically significant quaternary amimes are reported. The samples are converted to volatile compounds by known thermal decompositions. Chemical ionization of the compounds gives simple, easily identifiable spectra which are useful for the analysis of the original samples.
Minimum Cost SDN Routing With Reconfiguration Frequency Constraints (2018)

Software-defined network (SDN) controllers include mechanisms to globally reconfigure the network in order to respond to a changing environment. As demands arrive or leave the system, the globally optimum flow configuration changes over time. Although the optimum configuration can be computed with standard iterative methods, convergence may be slower than system variations, and hence it may be preferable to interrupt the solver and restart. In this paper, we focus on the class of iterative solvers with an exponential decrease over time in the optimality gap. Assuming dynamic arrivals and departures of demands, the computed optimality gap at each iteration Q(t) is described by an auto-regressive stochastic process. At each time slot, the controller may choose to: 1) stop the iterative solver and apply the best found configuration to the network or 2) allow the solver to continue the iterations keeping the network in its suboptimal form. Choice 1) reduces the optimality gap leading to smaller routing costs but requires flow reconfiguration which hurts QoS and system stability. To limit the negative impact of reconfigurations, we propose two control policies that minimize the time-average routing cost while respecting a network reconfiguration budget. We experiment with realistic network settings using standard linear programming tools from SDN industry. In the experiments conducted over the GEANT networks and fat tree networks, our policies provide a practical means of keeping the routing cost small within a given reconfiguration constraint.
α‐Helix formation by solvent–solvent interaction (1967)

Abstract The degree of helicity θ of a series of homologous polypeptides as a function of solvent composition was investigated. The polypeptides studied were: poly‐ N 5 ‐(3‐hydroxypropyl)‐ L ‐glutamine (PHPG) as well as the corresponding 2‐hydroxyethyl and 4‐hydoxybutyl derivatives (PHKG and PHBG, respectively). PHPG, which is nonhelical in formic acid, attains helicity on addition of relatively small amounts of formates, formamide, and urea to its solution in formic acid. This demonstrates that the high acidity of pure formic acid is largely responsible for its helix‐breaking power‐probably through protonation of the peptide bonds. In formic acid‐water mixtures all three polymers show a maximum in degree of helicity at a mole fraction of about 0.3 formic acid. This is interpreted as being due to interaction between the two helix‐breaking solvents, which results in the formation of an inactive molecular species. It is shown that solvent‐induced transitions with helicity maxima are predicted by the Bixon‐Lifson treatment when applied to this system.
If “A Picture is Worth a Thousand Words,” What is a Video Worth? (2015)

In a 2014 Huffington Post article, writer Scott MacFarland asks, “If a picture is worth a thousand words, what is a video worth?” (1). McFarland suggests that we are in the midst of a paradigm. [...]
Ghosts! A Location-Based Bluetooth LE Mobile Game for Museum Exploration (2016)

BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy) is a new wireless communication technology that, thanks to reduced power consumption, promises to facilitate communication between computing devices and help us harness their power in environments and contexts previously untouched by information technology. Museums and other facilities housing various cultural content are a particularly interesting area of application. The University of Cambridge Museums consortium has put considerable effort into researching the potential uses of emerging technologies such as BLE to unlock new experiences enriching the way we engage with cultural information. As a part of this research initiative, our ambition has been to examine the challenges and opportunities introduced by the introduction of a BLE-centred system into the museum context. We present an assessment of the potential offered by this technology and of the design approaches that might yield the best results when developing BLE-centred experiences for museum environments. A pivotal part of our project consisted of designing, developing and evaluating a prototype mobile location-based BLE-centred game. A number of technical problems, such as unstable and fluctuating signal strength, were encountered throughout the project lifecycle. Instead of attempting to eliminate such problems, we argued in favour of embracing them and turning them into a cornerstone of the gameplay. Our study suggested that this alternative seamful design approach yields particularly good results when deploying the technology in public environments. The project outcome also demonstrated the potential of BLE-centred solutions to reach out and engage new demographics, especially children, extending their interest in museum visits.
Peripheral hyperacuity: three-dot bisection scales to a single factor from 0 to 10 degrees (1987)

Performance of three-dot bisection was determined as a function of the feature separation at eccentricities of 0-10 deg along the inferior vertical field meridian by using dot stimuli scaled in size to compensate for eccentricity. For these briefly flashed dot stimuli, the entire function of three-dot bisection acuity against dot separation worsens away from the fovea with a single scaling factor that is compatible with the change of the cortical magnification factor in area V1. When the presentation duration of the stimulus was lengthened from 150 msec to 1 sec, the improvement was much greater in the fovea than at 10-deg eccentricity for closely separated stimuli. We attribute this difference to a luminance cue (detection of a brightness change) that is present for a long stimulus duration at small separations in the fovea, but not in the periphery.
Sonochemical Preparation and Characterization of Ultrafine Chromium Oxide and Manganese Oxide Powders (1997)

Ultrafine powders of chromium oxide (Cr2O3) and manganese oxide (Mn2O3) have been prepared at room temperature by the sonochemical reduction of an aqueous solution containing ammonium dichromate [(NH4)2Cr2O7] and potassium permanganate (KMnO4), respectively. The yield of the sonochemical reduction has been enhanced by raising the reaction temperature or by using an aqueous solution of ethanol (0.1 M). The solid oxide residue formed on insonation has been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), elemental analysis, electron microscopy (TEM, SEM/EDX), powder density, particle size (adsorption and microscopy), and BET surface area measurements. The powders are nanosized (50−200 nm), and the surface area varies from 35 to 48 m2/g. The as-formed X-ray amorphous Mn2O3 and Cr2O3 powders were converted into crystalline form by heating them at 600 and 900 K, for 4 h, respectively.
Low-contact-resistance and smooth-surface Ti∕Al∕Nb∕Au ohmic electrode on AlGaN∕GaN heterostructure (2004)

We have achieved both low contact resistance and smooth surface morphology by using Ti∕Al∕Nb∕Au formed on an Al0.3Ga0.7N∕GaN heterostructure. A low contact resistance of less than 0.6Ω∕mm was reproducibly recorded after thermal treatment with a wide range of annealing temperature from 830 to 1000°C and annealing time from 10 to 300s. It was found that root-mean square surface roughness of under 35nm was obtained with all the annealing conditions investigated. In consideration of surface roughness and reproducibility, the most suitable annealing condition was 850°C for 100s, which leads to a contact resistance and a specific contact resistivity of 0.48Ω∕mm and 5×10−6Ω∕cm2, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Arene Coupling Reactions (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Application of fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy to monitor glucose metabolism in pancreatic islets in vivo (2023)

Glucose stimulated insulin secretion is mediated by glucose metabolism via oxidative phosphorylation generating ATP that triggers membrane depolarization and exocytosis of insulin. In stressed beta cells, glucose metabolism is remodeled, with enhanced glycolysis uncoupled from oxidative phosphorylation, resulting in the impaired glucose-mediated insulin secretion characteristic of diabetes. Relative changes in glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation can be monitored in living cells using the 3-component fitting approach of fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). We engrafted pancreatic islets onto the iris to permit in vivo FLIM monitoring of the trajectory of glucose metabolism. The results show increased oxidative phosphorylation of islet cells (∼90% beta cells) in response to hyperglycemia; in contrast red blood cells traversing the islets maintained exclusive glycolysis as expected in the absence of mitochondria.
Considerations for package routing for DRAM and NAND Flash memory (2014)

As the speed performance of memory silicon die advances over the generations, the corresponding package designs must align with the desired package-level performance. This has driven package designers to adopt the appropriate package routing design practices for DDR2 to DDR4 DRAM and NV-DDR to NV-DDR2 NAND Flash memory packages that keep not only the mechanical integrity of the package in mind but also the electrical (signal integrity) aspects of the package. This paper describes the relevant package routing considerations for BOC and COB interposer designs with the goal of meeting the electrical requirements for high-speed devices; these results have been documented to ensure that these routing requirements are checked at the final design review stage to enable Micron to deliver quality products to customers.