gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Imaging band-pass analyzer using double 90° spherical analyzers (1993)

The design and testing of an imaging band-pass analyzer (BPA) consisting of two 90° spherical sectors operating in a magnetic-field-free region is described. Image electrons injected nearly parallel to one another and perpendicular to the first 90° sector are focused into an energy plane where electrons of desired energy are band-pass filtered. A second 90° sector is used to recover the energy-filtered image. With a 1-mm aperture, energy resolution of 1% and spatial resolution of 0.01% of the main path radius are calculated and agree well with the test results over an image size of 12×12 mm2. The addition of this analyzer to our magnetic projection photoelectron microscope poses an additional technological problem in that the electrons are required to pass from a relatively high-field area to a field-free region without disruption of the image. Design considerations for a structure that abruptly terminates a magnetic field yet is transparent to image electrons are described.
Time-domain impulse response characteristics of a wideband, fiber-optic, true time-steered array beamformer (1997)

The time-domain impulse response of a wideband, fiber-optic, true time-delay array receiver is measured for the first time. The system demonstrates squint-free ±60° azimuthal steering and is capable of receiving and steering 113 ps pulses without discernible pulse distortion from the optical beamformer.
Optical Limiting and the Potential Role of Organic Materials (1997)

We will present a brief review of past work on passive sensor protection devices including the materials studied (e.g. semiconductors, organics and ink) and some of the requirements of optical limiting devices. The nonlinear mechanisms potentially useful for optical limiting include nonlinear absorption, nonlinear refraction and nonlinear scattering. We present methods for characterizing nonlinear materials using Z-scan and related techniques and describe ways to differentiate the nonlinear mechanisms. We will specifically discuss two-photon absorption and excited-state absorption (referred to as reverse-saturable absorption), as well as bound electronic n 2 and excited-state refraction. We also show how to examine organic thin films using a modified Z-scan with enhanced sensitivity called EZ-scan. The organic materials studied include phthalocyanine and polymethine dyes. The potential of organics for real optical systems remains to be seen. For example, the most promising organic limiting materials are effective over somewhat smaller spectral ranges than desired. Mixing of different materials in solution or solid matrices may extend the spectral range, and potentially extend the dynamic range as well.
Multiparametric MRI for the detection of local recurrence of prostate cancer in the setting of biochemical recurrence after low dose rate brachytherapy (2018)

This series provides evidence that mpMRI after LDR brachytherapy is feasible with a high patient-based cancer detection rate. Radiologists of varying experience demonstrated moderate agreement in detecting recurrence.
Scalable Nanoparticle Synthesis and Fabrication of a Soft Magnetic Nanocomposite. (2018)

Abstract not provided.
A graphical programming environment for message passing programs (2002)

A number of MP interfaces are available today but one of the most popular is the PVM software package. PVM permits the user to configure his own virtual computer by hooking together a heterogeneous collection of UNIX based machines on which the user has a valid login and which are accessible over some network. To provide high-level graphical support for PVM based program development, an integrated programming environment (GRADE) is being developed. GRADE currently provides tools to construct, execute, debug, monitor and visualise message-passing based parallel programs. GRADE offers the programmer the same graphical user interface during the whole development process and high-level graphical programming abstraction mechanisms to construct parallel applications.
Sympathetic modulation of electrical activation in normal and infarcted myocardium: implications for arrhythmogenesis (2017)

The influence of cardiac sympathetic innervation on electrical activation in normal and chronically infarcted ventricular myocardium is not understood. Yorkshire pigs with normal hearts (NL, <i>n</i> = 12) or anterior myocardial infarction (MI, <i>n</i> = 9) underwent high-resolution mapping of the anteroapical left ventricle at baseline and during left and right stellate ganglion stimulation (LSGS and RSGS, respectively). Conduction velocity (CV), activation times (ATs), and directionality of propagation were measured. Myocardial fiber orientation was determined using diffusion tensor imaging and histology. Longitudinal CV (CV<sub>L</sub>) was increased by RSGS (0.98 ± 0.11 vs. 1.2 ± 0.14m/s, <i>P</i> < 0.001) but not transverse CV (CV<sub>T</sub>). This increase was abrogated by β-adrenergic receptor and gap junction (GJ) blockade. Neither CV<sub>L</sub> nor CV<sub>T</sub> was increased by LSGS. In the peri-infarct region, both RSGS and LSGS shortened ARIs in sinus rhythm (423 ± 37 vs. 322 ± 30 ms, <i>P</i> < 0.001, and 423 ± 36 vs. 398 ± 36 ms, <i>P</i> = 0.035, respectively) and altered activation patterns in all animals. CV, as estimated by mean ATs, increased in a directionally dependent manner by RSGS (14.6 ± 1.2 vs. 17.3 ± 1.6 ms, <i>P</i> = 0.015), associated with GJ lateralization. RSGS and LSGS inhomogeneously modulated AT and induced relative or absolute functional activation delay in parts of the mapped regions in 75 and 67%, respectively, in MI animals, and in 0 and 15%, respectively, in control animals (<i>P</i> < 0.001 for both). In conclusion, sympathoexcitation increases CV in normal myocardium and modulates activation propagation in peri-infarcted ventricular myocardium. These data demonstrate functional control of arrhythmogenic peri-infarct substrates by sympathetic nerves and in part explain the temporal nature of arrhythmogenesis.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> This study demonstrates regional control of conduction velocity in normal hearts by sympathetic nerves. In infarcted hearts, however, not only is modulation of propagation heterogeneous, some regions showed paradoxical conduction slowing. Sympathoexcitation altered propagation in all infarcted hearts studied, and we describe the temporal arrhythmogenic potential of these findings.Listen to this article's corresponding podcast at http://ajpheart.podbean.com/e/sympathetic-nerves-and-cardiac-propagation/.
Thomson Legal and Regulatory at NTCIR-3: Japanese, Chinese and English retrieval experiments (2002)

Thomson Legal and Regulatory participated in the CLIR task of the NTCIR-3 workshop. We submitted formal runs for monolingual retrieval in Japanese and Chinese, and for bilingual retrieval from English to Japanese. Our main focus was in Japanese retrieval. We compared word-based and character-based indexing, as well as query formulation using characters and character bigrams. Our results show that wordbased and bigram-based retrieval show similar performance for most query formulation approaches, while they outperform character-based retrieval. For Chinese retrieval, we compared using single characters with using character bigrams. We also introduced a structured query to leverage both. Our results are consistent with previous work, where character bigrams were shown to have better performance than single characters. The structured query approach is promising, but requires more analysis. In our bilingual runs, queries were translated using a machine-readable dictionary. Translated terms were resegmented to match indexing units. Our results, so far, are inconclusive, as we experienced unexpected query formulation issues especially in our word-based approach.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Underestimation of Prostate Cancer Geometry: Use of Patient Specific Molds to Correlate Images with Whole Mount Pathology (2016)

Magnetic resonance imaging consistently underestimates the size and extent of prostate tumors. Prostate cancer foci had an average diameter 11 mm longer and a volume 3 times greater than T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging segmentations. These results may have important implications for the assessment and treatment of prostate cancer.
Excited‐State THz Vibrations in Aggregates of PtII Complexes Contribute to the Enhancement of Near‐Infrared Emission Efficiencies** (2023)

Abstract The exploration of deactivation mechanisms for near‐infrared(NIR)‐emissive organic molecules has been a key issue in chemistry, materials science and molecular biology. In this study, based on transient absorption spectroscopy and transient grating photoluminescence spectroscopy, we demonstrate that the aggregated Pt II complex 4H (efficient NIR emitter) exhibits collective out‐of‐plane motions with a frequency of 32 cm −1 (0.96 THz) in the excited states. Importantly, similar THz characteristics were also observed in analogous Pt II complexes with prominent NIR emission efficiency. The conservation of THz motions enables excited‐state deactivation to proceed along low‐frequency vibrational coordinates, contributing to the suppression of nonradiative decay and remarkable NIR emission. These novel results highlight the significance of excited‐state vibrations in nonradiative processes, which serve as a benchmark for improving device performance.
Independent component analysis for the detection of in-vivo intrinsic signals from an optical imager of retinal function (2007)

To overcome the difficulty in detection of loss of retinal activity, a functional-Retinal Imaging Device (f-RID) was developed. The device, which is based on a modified fundus camera, seeks to detect changes in optical signals that reflect functional changes in the retina. Measured changes in reflectance in response to the visual stimulus are on the order of 0.1% to 1% of the total reflected intensity level, which makes the functional signal difficult to detect by standard methods because it is masked by other physiological signals and by noise. In this paper, we present a new Independent Component Analysis (ICA) algorithm used to analyze the video sequences from a set of experiments with different patterned stimuli from cats and humans. The ICA algorithm with priors (ICA-P) uses information about the stimulation paradigms to increase the signal detection thresholds when compared to traditional ICA algorithms. The results of the analysis show that we can detect signal levels as low as 0.01% of the total reflected intensity. Also, improvement of up to 30dB in signal detection over traditional ICA algorithms is achieved. The study found that in more than 80% of the in-vivo experiments the patterned stimuli effects on the retina can be detected and extracted.
High-Throughput Semi-Honest Secure Three-Party Computation with an Honest Majority. (2016)

In this paper, we describe a new information-theoretic protocol (and a computationally-secure variant) for secure three-party computation with an honest majority. The protocol has very minimal computation and communication; for Boolean circuits, each party sends only a single bit for every AND gate (and nothing is sent for XOR gates). Our protocol is (simulation-based) secure in the presence of semi-honest adversaries, and achieves privacy in the client/server model in the presence of malicious adversaries. On a cluster of three 20-core servers with a 10Gbps connection, the implementation of our protocol carries out over 1.3 million AES computations per second, which involves processing over 7 billion gates per second. In addition, we developed a Kerberos extension that replaces the ticket-granting-ticket encryption on the Key Distribution Center (KDC) in MIT-Kerberos with our protocol, using keys/ passwords that are shared between the servers. This enables the use of Kerberos while protecting passwords. Our implementation is able to support a login storm of over 35,000 logins per second, which suffices even for very large organizations. Our work demonstrates that high-throughput secure computation is possible on standard hardware.
Far-Field Boundary Condition Effects of CFD and Free-Wake Coupling Analysis for Helicopter Rotor (2010)

Rotor aerodynamics is governed by wake geometry and strength. However, rotor wake characteristics computed by the rotor computational fluid dynamics are not clearly described due to numerical dissipation. To overcome this numerical problem, free-wake is used for wake simulation. The present free-wake describes the inboard vortices as well as the tip vortices of the blade. At each time step, the free-wake provides inflow and outflow conditions of the boundary of the Eulerian domain, and the Euler solver is used for solving the flow field near the rotor blade. Finally, the coupled method is compared with the conventional method and the experimental results.
High Frequency Modeling of Peak Current Mode Control of DC-DC Converters (2009)

International audience
Synthesis and Evaluation of a Novel Bivalent Selective Antagonist for the Mu-Delta Opioid Receptor Heterodimer that Reduces Morphine Withdrawal in Mice (2018)

A major limitation in the study of the mu-delta opioid receptor heterodimer (MDOR) is that few selective pharmacological tools exist and no heteromer-selective antagonists. We thus designed a series of variable-length (15-41 atoms) bivalent linked peptides with selective but moderate/low-affinity pharmacophores for the mu and delta opioid receptors. We observed a U-shaped MDOR potency/affinity profile in vitro, with the 24-atom spacer length (D24M) producing the highest MDOR potency/affinity (<1 nM) and selectivity (≥89-fold). We further evaluated D24M in mice and observed that D24M dose-dependently antagonized tail flick antinociception produced by the MDOR agonists CYM51010 and Deltorphin-II, without antagonizing the monomer agonists DAMGO and DSLET. We also observed that D24M sharply reduced withdrawal behavior in models of acute and chronic morphine dependence. These findings suggest that D24M is a first-in-class high-potency MDOR-selective antagonist both in vitro and in vivo.
Beyond word2vec (2019)

The \em word2vec methodology such as Skip-gram and CBOW has seen significant interest in recent years because of its ability to model semantic notions of word similarity and distances in sentences. A related methodology, referred to as \em doc2vec is also able to embed sentences and paragraphs. These methodologies, however, lead to different embeddings that cannot be related to one another. In this paper, we present a tensor factorization methodology, which simultaneously embeds words and sentences into latent representations in one shot. Furthermore, these latent representations are concretely related to one another via tensor factorization. Whereas \em word2vec and \em doc2vec are dependent on the use of contextual windows in order to create the projections, our approach treats each document as a structural graph on words. Therefore, all the documents in the corpus are jointly factorized in order to simultaneously create an embedding for the individual documents and the words. Since the graphical representation of a document is much richer than a contextual window, the approach is capable of designing more powerful representations than those using the \em word2vec family of methods. We use a carefully designed negative sampling methodology to provide an efficient implementation of the approach. We relate the approach to factorization machines, which provides an efficient alternative for its implementation. We present experimental results illustrating the effectiveness of the approach for document classification, information retrieval and visualization.
Grant-Free NOMA-OTFS Paradigm: Enabling Efficient Ubiquitous Access for LEO Satellite Internet-of-Things (2023)

With the blooming of Internet-of-Things (IoT), we are witnessing an explosion in the number of IoT terminals, triggering an unprecedented demand for ubiquitous wireless access globally. In this context, the emerging low-Earth-orbit satellites (LEO-SATs) have been regarded as a promising enabler to complement terrestrial wireless networks in providing ubiquitous connectivity and bridging the ever-growing digital divide in the expected next-generation wireless communications. Nevertheless, the harsh conditions posed by LEO-SATs have imposed significant challenges to the current multiple access (MA) schemes and led to an emerging paradigm shift in system design. In this article, we first provide a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art MA schemes and investigate their limitations in the context of LEO-SATs. To this end, we propose a novel next generation MA (NGMA), which amalgamates the grant-free non-orthogonal multiple access (GF-NOMA) mechanism and the orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS) waveform, for simplifying the connection procedure with reduced access latency and enhanced Doppler-robustness. Critical open challenging issues and future directions are finally presented for further technical development.
Determination of Myeloid Antigen Expression on Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia Cells: Discrepancies Using Different Monoclonal Antibody Clones (2001)

Prospective clinical studies including large numbers of patients have led to the conclusion that co-expression of myeloid antigens in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (My+ ALL) does not have prognostic significance. However, reports of the frequency of My+ ALL in children vary widely across laboratories using different mAb clones and staining and analysing procedures. Taking two commonly accepted thresholds of positivity for myeloid antigens (20 and 30%), we analysed the immunoreactivity of the most widely employed mAb clones against CD13 (SJ1D1, L138 and My7) and CD33 (My9, P67.6 and D3HL60) and compared the proportions of My+ ALL detected by these clones in childhood ALL. The correlation between myeloid antigen expression and the presence of the t(12;21) translocation was analysed concomitantly in the same samples. The percentage of ALL cases positive for myeloid markers varied significantly depending on the mAb clone and the positive threshold. Among patients with B-ALL, the proportion of CD13+ ALL was significantly lower using SJ1D1 than using L138 or My7, while the proportion of CD33+ ALL was significantly higher for My9 than for P67.6 or D3HL60. Analysis of the co-expression of CD13 and CD33 on B-ALL cells using combinations of mAb clones showed that this frequency was either underestimated by the SJ1D1/D3HL60 or overestimated by the L138/P67.6 and My7/My9 combinations. A correlation between CD13/CD33 positivity and the t(12;21) translocation was uniformly observed in B-ALL patients for a positive threshold of 30%, whereas SJ1D1/D3HL60 detected no correlation between t(12;21) and CD13/CD33 positivity when the threshold was lowered to 20%. These data show that the mAb clones commonly used to detect the CD13 and CD33 surface antigens have variable immunoreactivity against childhood ALL cells, which may partly explain the conflicting reports concerning the prognostic significance of myeloid antigen expression in paediatric ALL and its association with different translocations. The present findings may also be of clinical importance for therapeutic choices.
Small-mass atomic defects enhance vibrational thermal transport at disordered interfaces with ultrahigh thermal boundary conductance (2017)

The role of interfacial nonidealities and disorder on thermal transport across interfaces is traditionally assumed to add resistance to heat transfer, decreasing the thermal boundary conductance (TBC).$^1$ However, recent computational works have suggested that interfacial defects can enhance this thermal boundary conductance through emergence of unique vibrations that are intrinsic to the material interface and defect atoms,$^{2-6}$ a finding that contradicts traditional theory and conventional understanding. By manipulating the local heat flux of atomic vibrations that comprise these interfacial modes, in principle, the TBC can be increased. In this work, we provide evidence that interfacial defects can enhance the TBC across interfaces through the emergence of unique high frequency vibrational modes that arise from atomic mass defects at the interface with relatively small masses. We demonstrate ultrahigh TBC at amorphous SiOC:H/SiC:H interfaces, approaching 1 GW m$^{-2}$ K$^{-1}$, that is further increased through the introduction of nitrogen defects. The fact that disordered interfaces can exhibit such high conductances, which can be further increased with additional defects offers a unique direction in controlling interfacial thermal transport that becomes important in manipulating heat transfer across materials with high densities of interfaces.
Signaling through the lymphotoxin-beta receptor stimulates HIV-1 replication alone and in cooperation with soluble or membrane-bound TNF-alpha. (1999)

The level of ongoing HIV-1 replication within an individual is critical to HIV-1 pathogenesis. Among host immune factors, the cytokine TNF-alpha has previously been shown to increase HIV-1 replication in various monocyte and T cell model systems. Here, we demonstrate that signaling through the TNF receptor family member, the lymphotoxin-beta (LT-beta) receptor (LT-betaR), also regulates HIV-1 replication. Furthermore, HIV-1 replication is cooperatively stimulated when the distinct LT-betaR and TNF receptor systems are simultaneously engaged by their specific ligands. Moreover, in a physiological coculture cellular assay system, we show that membrane-bound TNF-alpha and LT-alpha1beta2 act virtually identically to their soluble forms in the regulation of HIV-1 replication. Thus, cosignaling via the LT-beta and TNF-alpha receptors is probably involved in the modulation of HIV-1 replication and the subsequent determination of HIV-1 viral burden in monocytes. Intriguingly, surface expression of LT-alpha1beta2 is up-regulated on a T cell line acutely infected with HIV-1, suggesting a positive feedback loop between HIV-1 infection, LT-alpha1beta2 expression, and HIV-1 replication. Given the critical role that LT-alpha1beta2 plays in lymphoid architecture, we speculate that LT-alpha1beta2 may be involved in HIV-associated abnormalities of the lymphoid organs.