gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cdc42 Is a Rho GTPase Family Member That Can Mediate Insulin Signaling to Glucose Transport in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes (2003)

We investigated the role of cdc42, a Rho GTPase family member, in insulin-induced glucose transport in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Microinjection of anti-cdc42 antibody or cdc42 siRNA led to decreased insulin-induced and constitutively active G(q) (CA-G(q); Q209L)-induced GLUT4 translocation. Adenovirus-mediated expression of constitutively active cdc42 (CA-cdc42; V12) stimulated 2-deoxyglucose uptake to 56% of the maximal insulin response, and this was blocked by treatment with the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) inhibitor, wortmannin, or LY294002. Both insulin and CA-G(q) expression caused an increase in cdc42 activity, showing that cdc42 is activated by insulin and is downstream of G alpha(q/11) in this activation pathway. Immunoprecipitation experiments showed that insulin enhanced a direct association of cdc42 and p85, and both insulin treatment and CA-cdc42 expression stimulated PI3-kinase activity in immunoprecipitates with anti-cdc42 antibody. Furthermore, the effects of insulin, CA-G(q), and CA-cdc42 on GLUT4 translocation or 2-deoxyglucose uptake were inhibited by microinjection of anti-protein kinase C lambda (PKC lambda) antibody or overexpression of a kinase-deficient PKC lambda construct. In summary, activated cdc42 can mediate 1) insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation and 2) glucose transport in a PI3-kinase-dependent manner. 3) Insulin treatment and constitutively active G(q) expression can enhance the cdc42 activity state as well as the association of cdc42 with activated PI3-kinase. 4) PKC lambda inhibition blocks CA-cdc42, CA-G(q), and insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation. Taken together, these data indicate that cdc42 can mediate insulin signaling to GLUT4 translocation and lies downstream of G alpha(q/11) and upstream of PI3-kinase and PKC lambda in this stimulatory pathway.
120 1-3D multi-scale hemodynamic modeling-based numerical analysis of blood flow at an aortorenal bifurcation (2008)

1． Introductio皿
The Use of Opioids in the Surgical Care of Patients With Orofacial Clefts: A Commentary and Guide to Management (2022)

Purpose: This commentary outlines the surgical pathway for patients with cleft lip and/or palate (CLP), identifies risks associated with opioid prescribing in this patient population, and summarizes strategies to safely minimize the need for perioperative opioid prescribing. Conclusions: Patients with orofacial clefts, CLP, undergo multiple reconstructive surgeries. The long-term effects of perioperative opioid prescriptions should concern all members of the cleft and craniofacial team. The amount of surgery each patient with a CLP may face varies by patient and can begin in infancy and continue to adulthood. In this commentary, the surgical pathway for CLP is reviewed, and the opioid crisis is addressed in regard to this vulnerable patient group. Solutions for cleft and craniofacial team members from evidence-based literature are summarized to minimize the use of opioids prescribed in this patient population. Approaches to reduce opioid use after CLP surgery are holistic and multidisciplinary.
Influence of Finely Dispersed Carbon Nanotubes on the Performance Characteristics of Polymer Electrolytes for Lithium Batteries (2007)

Electrospun membranes of poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVdF-HFP)/multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composite are prepared and loaded with lithium salts from electrolyte solution. Field emission transmission electron microscopy provides evidence for the uniform distribution of MWCNTs into the matrix of PVdF-HFP. The interconnected morphology as evident from field emission scanning electron micrograph forms the path for the lithium ion conduction. Results from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy inform that the presence of MWCNTs in PVdF-HFP matrix improves interfacial stability between lithium electrode and membrane and augment conduction path in the polymer electrolyte membrane. Further results from impedance measurement reveal the contribution of MWCNTs toward conductivity. A prototype cell is fabricated with PVdF-HFP/MWCNT as polymer electrolyte. The electrospun PVdF-HFP electrolyte membrane with 2% MWCNTs content shows an ionic conductivity of about 5.85 mSmiddotcm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> at 25 degC. Also, PVdF-HFP/MWCNT electrolyte membrane exhibits good electrochemical and interfacial stability and can be potentially suitable as electrolyte in lithium ion secondary battery
ChemInform Abstract: COMPLEX CHEMISTRY OF REACTIVE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS. XXIV. FIVE‐MEMBERED COBALT‐CONTAINING RINGS FROM CARBENE ADDITION TO DICARBONYL(η5‐CYCLOPENTADIENYL)COBALT (1979)

Abstract Durch Photolyse der Diazomalonsäuredialkylester (II) in Gegenwart der Co‐Verbindung (I) werden die diamagnetischen Titelkomplexe (III) gebildet.
Innovative Gap-Fill Strategy for 28 nm Shallow Trench Isolation (2012)

Abstract not Available.
Going beyond Visualization. Verbalization as Complementary Medium to Explain Machine Learning Models (2018)

In this position paper, we argue that a combination of visualization and verbalization techniques is beneficial for creating broad and versatile insights into the structure and decision-making processes of machine learning models. Explainability of machine learning models is emerging as an important area of research. Hence, insights into the inner workings of a trained model allow users and analysts, alike, to understand the models, develop justifications, and gain trust in the systems they inform. Explanations can be generated through different types of media, such as visualization and verbalization. Both are powerful tools that enable model interpretability. However, while their combination is arguably more powerful than each medium separately, they are currently applied and researched independently. To support our position that the combination of the two techniques is beneficial to explain machine learning models, we describe the design space of such a combination and discuss arising research questions, gaps, and opportunities.
Conjugated polymer donor–molecular acceptor nanohybrids for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution (2020)

A library of 237 organic binary/ternary nanohybrids consisting of conjugated polymers donors and either fullerene or non-fullerene molecular acceptors was prepared and screened for sacrificial photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity. PCDTBT/PC60BM nanohybrid showed a high hydrogen evolution rate of 105.2 mmol g-1 h-1 under visible light (λ > 420 nm).
A 2GHz Digital PLL, with temperature lock range of &#x2212;40&#x00B0;C to 125&#x00B0;C, in 45nm CMOS (2011)

A 2GHz, ring-oscillator based Digital PLL (DPLL) with temperature lock range of -40°C to 125°C is presented here. The Digitally Controlled Oscillator (DCO) of the DPLL consists of a current mode Digital to Analog Converter (DAC) followed by a Current Controlled Oscillator (ICO). The current mode DAC is designed such that the outputs of any two adjacent current elements can be progressively brought out for separate ΣΔ operation. This increases the DAC range and hence the DPLL temperature lock range, even as the ΣΔ step size and range are kept small to minimize jitter. The DPLL achieves a phase noise of -90dBC/Hz at 1MHz offset for 2GHz operation. It supports an input frequency range of 0.5MHz to 50MHz, occupies a core area of 0.09mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and consumes 7.2mW.
A Nanosensor Array for Detecting Volatile Biomarkers of Cancer (2011)

First Page
Blocking cholesterol storage to treat Alzheimer’s disease (2021)

Cholesterol serves as an essential lipid molecule in various membrane organelles of mammalian cells. The metabolites of cholesterol also play important functions. Acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase 1 (ACAT1), also named as sterol <i>O</i>-acyltransferase 1, is a membrane-bound enzyme residing at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). It converts cholesterol to cholesteryl esters (CEs) for storage, and is expressed in all cells. CEs cannot partition in membranes; they can only coalesce as cytosolic lipid droplets. Excess CEs are found in the vulnerable region of the brains of patients with late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD), and in cell and mouse models for AD. Reducing CE contents by genetic inactivation of <i>ACAT1</i>, or by pharmacological inhibition of ACAT is shown to reduce amyloidopathy and other hallmarks for AD. To account for the various beneficial actions of the ACAT1 blockade (A1B), a working hypothesis is proposed here: the increase in CE contents observed in the AD brain is caused by damages of cholesterol-rich lipid rafts that are known to occur in neurons affected by AD. These damages cause cholesterol to release from lipid rafts and move to the ER where it will be converted to CEs by ACAT1. In addition, the increase in CE contents may also be caused by overloading with cholesterol-rich substances, or through activation of <i>ACAT1</i> gene expression by various proinflammatory agents. Both scenarios may occur in microglia of the chronically inflamed brain. A1B ameliorates AD by diverting the cholesterol pool destined for CE biosynthesis such that it can be utilized more efficiently to repair membrane damage in various organelles, and to exert regulatory actions more effectively to defend against AD. To test the validity of the A1B hypothesis in cell culture and <i>in vivo</i>, the current status of various anti-ACAT1 agents that could be further developed is briefly discussed.
In vivo optical imaging of vitiligo skin grafting treatment using multiphoton microscopy and reflectance confocal microscopy (Conference Presentation) (2020)

Vitiligo is characterized by white patches on skin due to the loss of melanocytes. Treatments are not uniformly successful and re-pigmentation is rarely complete. Optical laser scanning microscopy techniques have great potential to advance our understanding of the repigmentation process of vitiligo. In this pilot study, we employ in-vivo multiphoton microscopy (MPM) to assess potential changes in the metabolic state of epidermal keratinocytes involved in vitiligo before and throughout treatment, and in-vivo reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) to assess the initiation of the re-pigmentation process and monitor wound healing after micro-grafting treatment.
Investigating the potential of application-centric aggressive power management for HPC workloads (2010)

Energy efficiency of large-scale data centers is becoming a major concern not only for reasons of energy conservation, failures, and cost reduction, but also because such sys tems are soon reaching the limits of power available to them. Like High Performance Computing (HPC) systems, large-scale clu ster-based data centers can consume power in megawatts, and of all the power consumed by such a system, only a fraction is used for actual computations. In this paper, we study the potential of application-centric aggressive power management of data center's resources for HPC workloads. Specifically, we consider power management mechanisms and controls (currently or soon to be) available at different levels and for different subsystems, and leverage several innovative approaches that have been taken to tackle this problem in the last few years, can be effectively used in a application-aware manner for HPC workloads. To do this, we first profile sta ndard HPC benchmarks with respect to behaviors, resource usage and power impact on individual computing nodes. Based on a power and latency model and the workload profiles, we develop an algorithm that can improve energy efficiency with little or no performance loss. We then evaluate our proposed algorithm through simulations using empirical power characterization and quantification. Finally, we validate the simulation results with actual executions on real hardware. The obtained results show that by using application aware power management, we can re-du ce the average energy consumption without significant penalty in performance. This motivates us to investigate autonomic approaches for application-aware aggressive power management and cross layer and cross function predictive subsystem level power management for large-scale data centers.
On the optimal solution of a distributionally robust multi-product newsvendor problem (2023)

This paper derives the optimal solution for a distributionally robust multi-product newsvendor problem, in which different products are produced under a capacity constraint, while only the mean and variance of the product demand are known. The problem aims to find a capacity allocation scheme to minimize the system cost of the worst-case among all possible demand distributions. When the total capacity is among certain ranges, the optimal solution has a closed-form. For other ranges, the optimal solution can be derived by solving one equation. The solution shows that there exist a number of threshold values for the capacity, below which some products are neglected (allocated with zero capacity). Besides, in the optimal solution, which products are prioritized for production is determined by the order of an index measured by the unit production cost, unit shortage cost, demand mean, and demand variance. For a special case where the cost structures for different products are identical, a closed-form solution is derived for any total capacity value. For this special case, the index order is simply determined by the coefficient of variation of each product demand. Sensitivity analysis shows that when the capacity is abundant, a larger demand variability of one product may cause a higher production quantity for this product; while if the capacity is tight, a larger demand variability cause a lower production quantity. For a set of test problems, the performance of the robust optimization solution is quite close to that of the stochastic optimization solution.
Controversies Regarding Bearing Surfaces in Total Hip Replacement (2009)

Learning Objectives Understand the indications and known methods for the use of alternative bearing surfaces as compared with the use of conventional polyethylene Describe the major disadvantages or potential risks of using the new alternative bearings as compared with conventional polyethylene
Fully Wireless Implantable Cardiovascular Pressure Monitor Integrated with a Medical Stent (2010)

This paper presents a fully wireless cardiac pressure sensing system. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved medical stents are explored as radiating structures to support simultaneous transcutaneous wireless telemetry and powering. An application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), designed and fabricated using the Texas Instruments 130-nm CMOS process, enables wireless telemetry, remote powering, voltage regulation, and processing of pressure measurements from a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) capacitive sensor. This paper demonstrates fully wireless-pressure-sensing functionality with an external 35-dB.m RF powering source across a distance of 10 cm. Measurements in a regulated pressure chamber demonstrate the ability of the cardiac system to achieve pressure resolutions of 0.5 mmHg over a range of 0-50 mmHg using a channel data-rate of 42.2 kb/s.
Quantification of acidic compounds in complex biomass-derived streams (2016)

A robust sample workup protocol is described that allows quantification of acidic components in complex biomass-derived process streams. This protocol is shown to have application in the field of lignin conversion.
Terahertz apertureless near-field microscopy of a vanadium dioxide thin film (2007)

We report the application of terahertz apertureless near-field microscopy to vanadium dioxide thin films. We observe an enhancement of the terahertz amplitude due to the metal-insulator transition induced by an applied voltage.
Presence and Location of an Unusual Amino Acid, ε-N-Trimethyllysine, in Cytochrome c of Wheat Germ and Neurospora (1969)

Wheat germ cytochrome c contains 2 residues of e-Ntrimethyllysine (lysine betaine) at positions 72 and 86.Neurospora cytochrome c possesses this lysine derivative at Residue 72.No trace of c-N-methyl-or e-N-dimethyllysine was found in these proteins.Residue 72 is present in the sequence comprising Residues 70 through 80 which is invariant in all cytochromes of this type and Residue 86 is present in a region which is characterized in almost all cytochromes as being either Lys-Lys or Lys-Lys-Lys.Some possible implications of these findings with respect to the interaction of cytochrome c with cytochrome oxidase are discussed.During
A One-Step Single-Cleaning Solution for CMOS Processes (2003)

In this paper, we demonstrate a one-step single-cleaning solution to replace the conventional RCA two-step cleaning method for complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) processes. We found the performance of devices fabricated using this new recipe is comparable or even better than that of devices fabricated using the conventional RCA method. The benefits of this method are more efficient removal of contaminants, improved driving current of devices, simpler processing, fewer steps in cleaning, time savings, reduction of cost and of chemical waste, and reduced impact on the environment. © 2003 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Effects of acid-volatile sulfide on metal bioavailability and toxicity to midge (Chironomus tentans) larvae in black shale sediments (2007)

Metal bioavailability and toxicity to aquatic organisms are greatly affected by variables such as pH, hardness, organic matter, and sediment acid-volatile sulfide (AVS). Sediment AVS, which reduces metal bioavailability and toxicity by binding and immobilizing metals as insoluble sulfides, has been studied intensely in recent years. Few studies, however, have determined the spatial variability of AVS and its interaction with simultaneously extracted metals (SEM) in sediments containing elevated concentrations of metals resulting from natural geochemical processes, such as weathering of black shales. We collected four sediment samples from each of four headwater bedrock streams in northcentral Arkansa (USA; three black shale-draining streams and one limestone-draining stream). We conducted 10-d acute whole-sediment toxicity tests using the midge Chironomus tentans and performed analyses for AVS, total metals, SEMs, and organic carbon. Most of the sediments from shale-draining streams had similar total metal and SEM concentrations but considerable differences in organic carbon and AVS. Zinc was the leading contributor to the SEM molar sum, averaging between 68 and 74%, whereas lead and cadmium contributed less than 3%. The AVS concentration was very low in all but two samples from one of the shale streams, and the sum of the SEM concentrations was in molar excess of AVS for all shale stream sediments. No significant differences in mean AVS concentrations between sediments collected from shale-draining or limestone-draining sites were noted (p > 0.05). Midge survival and growth in black shale-derived sediments were significantly less (p < 0.001) than that of limestone-derived sediments. On the whole, either SEM alone or SEM-AVS explained the total variation in midge survival and growth about equally well. However, survival and growth were significantly greater (p < 0.05) in the two sediment samples that contained measurable AVS compared with the two sediments from the same stream that contained negligible AVS.
A Thermophotovoltaic System Using a Photonic Crystal Emitter (2016)

The increasing power demands of portable electronics and micro robotics has driven recent interest in millimeter-scale microgenerators. Many technologies (fuel cells, Stirling, thermoelectric, etc.) that potentially enable a portable hydrocarbon microgenerator are under active investigation. Hydrocarbon fuels have specific energies fifty times those of batteries, thus even a relatively inefficient generator can exceed the specific energy of batteries. We proposed, designed, and demonstrated a first-of-a-kind millimeter-scale thermophotovoltaic (TPV) system with a photonic crystal emitter. In a TPV system, combustion heats an emitter to incandescence and the resulting thermal radiation is converted to electricity by photovoltaic cells. Our approach uses a moderate temperature (1000–1200°C) metallic microburner coupled to a high emissivity, high selectivity photonic crystal selective emitter and low bandgap PV cells. This approach is predicted to be capable of up to 30% efficient fuel-to-electricity conversion within a millimeter-scale form factor. We have performed a robust experimental demonstration that validates the theoretical framework and the key system components, and present our results in the context of a TPV microgenerator. Although considerable technological barriers need to be overcome to realize a TPV microgenerator, we predict that 700–900 Wh/kg is possible with the current technology.
Building a Bridge from Papermaking to Solar Fuels (2019)

Black liquor, an industrial waste product of papermaking, is primarily used as a low-grade combustible energy source. Despite its high lignin content, the potential utility of black liquor as a feedstock in products manufacturing, remains to be exploited. Demonstrated here in is the use of black liquor as a primary feed-stock for synthesizing graphene quantum dots that exhibit both up-conversion and photoluminescence when excited using visible/near-infrared radiation, thereby enabling the photosensitization of ultraviolet-absorbing TiO<sub>2</sub> nanosheets. In addition, these graphene quantum dots can trap photo-generated electrons to realize the effective separation of electron-hole pairs. Together, these two processes facilitate the solar-powered generation of H<sub>2</sub> from H<sub>2</sub> O, and CO from H<sub>2</sub> O-CO<sub>2</sub> , using broadband solar radiation.
FIBRONECTIN AND THE PERICELLULAR MATRIX OF NORMAL AND TRANSFORMED ADHERENT CELLS* (1978)

Fibronectin is a major glycoprotein component of normal fibroblasts in culture. External fibronectin is predominantly present in a pericellular fibrillar matrix that mediates distant cell-cell and cell-substratum contacts. A small proportion of external fibronectin is closely associated with the plasma membrane. In the matrix, fibronectin is partially disulfide bonded into complexes. Plasma transglutaminase, activated by thrombin, also cross-links external fibronectin into high-molecular-weight covalent complexes. In cultures of normal fibroblasts, pericellular matrix fibronectin displays extensive codistribution with (pro)collagens types I and III. Transformed adherent cells show decreased formation of the fibronectin-collagen matrix. The deficient synthesis of fibronectin and other matrix components and abnormal interactions with the matrix may account for several phenotypic characteristics of transformed cells. The pericellular matrix structure has been prepared by use of deoxycholate and hypotonic medium to solubilize the cells. The matrix contains glycosaminoglycans, procollagens, and fibronectin. The fibronectin codistributes with the procollagens. The matrix may be considered to be an in vitro equivalent of the connective tissue matrix and basal laminae found in vivo. Human sarcoma cells spread rapidly on the prepared matrix and assume an elongated morphology characteristic of normal fibroblasts. The prepared matrix may provide a general tool to study the effects of matrix on cellular behavior and differentiation.