gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Supplementary Table S5 from Immunotherapy with a HER2-Targeting <i>Listeria</i> Induces HER2-Specific Immunity and Demonstrates Potential Therapeutic Effects in a Phase I Trial in Canine Osteosarcoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Comparison between the baseline characteristics of ADXS31-164 treated and historical control groups.&lt;/p&gt;
Coherent crosstalk in ultradense WDM systems (2005)

We present extensive numerical studies on the determination of coherent wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) crosstalk penalties for ultradense wavelength-division multiplexed (DWDM) systems, focusing on carrier-suppressed return-to-zero (CSRZ) as well as on 67% duty cycle differential phase-shift keying (67% RZ-DPSK) at a spectral efficiency of 0.8 b/s/Hz. Our analyses reveal large statistical variations in the predicted required optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) when changing the WDM channels' interference conditions, in particular their relative optical phases and their relative time shifts. The strong impact of the exact WDM interference conditions can lead to simulation inaccuracies of many decibels when using standard OSNR simulations techniques. In measurements of DWDM system performance, the long averaging time of bit error ratio (BER) test sets can hide these burst-error generating penalty variations, and may, therefore, lead to wrong interpretations, especially for systems employing forward error correction (FEC). To overcome the DWDM simulation problem, we introduce and thoroughly assess a new simulation technique that allows us to efficiently and accurately capture the average required OSNR penalty for DWDM systems with negligible statistical error.
RF Clock Distribution System for a Scalable Quantum Processor in 22-nm FDSOI Operating at 3.8 K Cryogenic Temperature (2020)

We present an RF clock distribution system for a fully integrated and scalable quantum processor core operating at 3.8 K. An external 2.4 GHz signal is guided from the generator to the flip-chip package IC through a cryogenic coaxial cable. The choice of coaxial cable and the clock routing design on the PCB and IC, minimizes path loss and coupling to the supplies, the I/O signals, and more importantly the sensitive quantum core. The clock integrity up to the quantum core is maintained and verified by the jitter measurement of 0.8 ps from a test port while all circuitry within the cryo-cooler operates within the thermal load specification of 1.5 W.
Investigation of on-chip PLL irregularities under stress conditions - case study (2005)

In modern high performance VLSI design, on-chip phase locked loop (PLL) performance degradation due to intensive core switching activities is becoming an influential factor. Under certain borderline conditions, the PLL may become unstable. The analysis herein describes PLL irregularities under marginal mode, frequency and voltage conditions combined with intensive core operations. After lengthy analysis that included step-by-step elimination of all noise sources, the cause of instability was explained by coupling between a voltage spike on core power supply line and the internal control signal of the voltage controlled oscillator of the PLL through the chip substrate. The solution to the problem was suggested by changing the PLL dynamic characteristics. Through this investigation we studied the noise crosstalk issue in mixed mode (analog and digital) systems and also the PLL dynamics under stress conditions, which demonstrates the complexity of PLL analysis in a system-on-chip environment.
40 MHz 0.25 um CMOS embedded 1T bit-line decoupled DRAM FIFO for mixed-signal applications (2003)

An embedded 40 MHz FIFO buffer for use in mixed-signal information processing applications is presented. The buffer design uses a 1T DRAM topology for its unit memory cell component, a sense amplifier, and two circular shift registers for implementing refresh and read-write pointers. The sense amplifier uses bit-line decoupling to improve readout performance. Our particular application requires the storage of 800 samples of a received ultrasound signal that pass through 48 channels consisting of a preamplifier, a sample-and-hold, and an 8-bit ADC. Data is written into memory in parallel in a sequential, burst-mode fashion and read sequentially at leisure, with interspersed refresh of the memory cells. Layout and design issues concerning implementing memory in a standard 0.25 um process are discussed and simulation results are presented.
LF-NMR water self-diffusion and relaxation time measurements of hydrogel contact lenses interacting with artificial tears (2004)

The different swelling properties of ionic and non-ionic lenses, immersed in sodium chloride or artificial tears, were investigated by Low-Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (LF-NMR) through relaxation time and self-diffusion coefficient measurements. A new model was developed to estimate the water self-diffusion coefficient inside the lenses, the results of which revealed a different mechanism of interaction for ionic versus non-ionic materials with artificial tears. The consequence of this finding suggests clinical implications.
Explicit-Blurred Memory Network for Analyzing Patient Electronic Health Records (2019)

In recent years, we have witnessed an increased interest in temporal modeling of patient records from large scale Electronic Health Records (EHR). While simpler RNN models have been used for such problems, memory networks, which in other domains were found to generalize well, are underutilized. Traditional memory networks involve diffused and non-linear operations where influence of past events on outputs are not readily quantifiable. We posit that this lack of interpretability makes such networks not applicable for EHR analysis. While networks with explicit memory have been proposed recently, the discontinuities imposed by the discrete operations make such networks harder to train and require more supervision. The problem is further exacerbated in the limited data setting of EHR studies. In this paper, we propose a novel memory architecture that is more interpretable than traditional memory networks while being easier to train than explicit memory banks. Inspired by well-known models of human cognition, we propose partitioning the external memory space into (a) a primary explicit memory block to store exact replicas of recent events to support interpretations, followed by (b) a secondary blurred memory block that accumulates salient aspects of past events dropped from the explicit block as higher level abstractions and allow training with less supervision by stabilize the gradients. We apply the model for 3 learning problems on ICU records from the MIMIC III database spanning millions of data points. Our model performs comparably to the state-of the art while also, crucially, enabling ready interpretation of the results.
Methods and algorithms for extracting high-content signatures from cells, tissues, and model organisms (2011)

While high-content screening is already playing an important role in drug discovery, a growing number of academic laboratories are applying these techniques to conduct a system-level analysis of biological processes. In this context more complex assays and model systems are being imaged at higher throughput. Examples include co-culture assays, tissues, and entire model systems, as for example zebrafish. This summary presents examples of methods and algorithms that have been developed at GE Global Research that facilitate the quantitative analysis of such complex specimens.
Improving The Quality Of Illustrations: Transforming Amateur Illustrations To A Professional Standard (2021)

We propose an amateur- to professional-level illustration translator that can modify amateur illustrations slightly to produce professional-level quality images. The proposed translator is a GAN-based image translation module. We focus only on the neighboring region of a contour to improve the quality of the illustration by applying image completion to the neighboring region of the extracted line drawing. We artificially augment amateur-level illustrations from professional-level illustrations to solve the lack of a pair of amateur-level and professional-level datasets. This enables us to automatically prepare a pair of amateur-level and professional-level images, through which we can train a translator network. Through experiments and user study, we show that the proposed method improves the quality of amateur illustrations.
Dielectric and pyroelectric properties of thin film PZT (2002)

Monolithic integration of thin film uncooled IR detectors requires processes compatible with Si devices and thermal isolation strategies. A metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) process has been developed to address these needs that uses /spl beta/-diketonate and mixed /spl beta/-diketonate-alkoxide precursors in a liquid delivery approach. Process space has been explored, and high quality tetragonal thin Pb(Zr,Ti)O/sub 3/ (PZT) films with nominal Zr/Ti ratios of 20/80 were deposited on Si wafers with Pt electrodes at temperatures between 475 and 550/spl deg/C. Following a post deposition anneal at 650/spl deg/C, permittivities (/spl epsiv/) ranging from 450 to 635 have been observed, along with pyroelectric coefficients (p) from 10 to 25 nC/cm/sup 2/K. Dielectric loss (tan /spl delta/) was approximately 0.015 to 0.025. These values translate to good voltage and signal-to-noise figures of merit (p/c/spl epsiv/ and p/c(/spl epsiv/ tan /spl delta/)/sup 1/2/, respectively) for thin film devices, where c=heat capacity per unit volume. Low thermal budget processing at T/spl les/500/spl deg/C also produced a similar combination of properties which suggest that this process can be used as a back-end fabrication step after the read-out integrated circuits (ROICs) are fully functioning on a Si wafer.
Correcting for Naturally Occurring Mass Isotopologue Abundances in Stable-Isotope Tracing Experiments with PolyMID (2021)

Stable-isotope tracing is a method to measure intracellular metabolic pathway utilization by feeding a cellular system a stable-isotope-labeled tracer nutrient. The power of the method to resolve differential pathway utilization is derived from the enrichment of metabolites in heavy isotopes that are synthesized from the tracer nutrient. However, the readout is complicated by the presence of naturally occurring heavy isotopes that are not derived from the tracer nutrient. Herein we present an algorithm, and a tool that applies it (PolyMID-Correct, part of the PolyMID software package), to computationally remove the influence of naturally occurring heavy isotopes. The algorithm is applicable to stable-isotope tracing data collected on low- and high- mass resolution mass spectrometers. PolyMID-Correct is open source and available under an MIT license.
Degradation of InGaAs pin photodiodes by neutron irradiation (1996)

Irradiation damage in p - i - n photodiodes by 1 MeV fast neutrons is studied as a function of fluence for the first time. The degradation of the electrical and optical performance of diodes increases with increasing fluence. The influence of the radiation source on device degradation is then discussed by comparison with 1 MeV electrons with respect to the numbers of knock-on atoms and the non-ionizing energy loss (NIEL). The dependence of performance degradation on the radiation source is attributed to the difference of mass and the probability of nuclear collision for the formation of lattice defects.
Nuclear-induced XeBr* fluorescence pumping of the atomic iodine laser (1993)

Lasing in atomic iodine pumped with incoherent, nuclear-stimulated XeBr * fluorescence is reported. These experiments represent the first demonstration of a nuclear flashlamppumped laser of any type. The fluorescence of XeBr * under nuclear pumping is also discussed.
Characterization of Oil Droplets under a Polymer Film by Laser Scanning Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy (2000)

We studied the wetting behavior of thin oil films on quartz and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) substrates before and after being coated with a polymer colloidal dispersion. The triolein oil was doped with a trace of a fluorescent dye, and the films were prepared by casting a dilute solution of dyed triolein in acetone onto the substrates. The films were then observed by laser scanning confocal fluorescence microscopy (LSCFM). On quartz, triolein breaks up into approximately spherical, micrometer-sized droplets as the acetone evaporates. The oil droplets were coated with a water dispersion of a film-forming latex dispersion of poly(butyl methacrylate) (PBMA). Most of the droplets adhered to the quartz substrate as the water evaporates. With LSCFM, we could image the triolein droplets under the transparent polymer latex film. These had larger volumes than those formed in air, and their micro-contact angle increased from 〈θ〉 = (32 ± 5)° at the quartz−air interface to 〈θ〉 = (71 ± 4)° at the quartz−PBMA interface. When deposited on PET, the triolein wets the substrate surface and forms an almost homogeneous film. Upon coating with a PBMA latex film, we observed some dewetting of the oil from the PET substrate, and the micro-contact angle of the oil increased from 〈θ〉 = (8 ± 4)° at the PET−air interface to 〈θ〉 = (18 ± 5)° at the PET−PBMA interface.
Image interpolation using shearlet based sparsity priors (2013)

This paper proposes an image interpolation algorithm exploiting sparse representation for natural images. It involves three steps: (a) obtaining an initial estimate of the high resolution image using linear methods like FIR filtering, (b) promoting sparsity in a selected dictionary through thresholding and (c) extracting high frequency information from the approximation and adding it to the initial estimate. For the sparse modeling, a shearlet dictionary is chosen to yield a multi-scale directional representation. The proposed algorithm is compared to several state-of-the-art methods to assess its objective as well as subjective performance. Compared to the cubic spline interpolation method, an average PSNR gain of around 0.7 dB is observed over a dataset of 200 images.
Challenges in Continuum Modelling of Intergranular Fracture (2010)

Abstract: Intergranular fracture in polycrystals is often simulated by finite elements coupled to a cohesive zone model for the interfaces, requiring cohesive laws for grain boundaries as a function of their geometry. We discuss three challenges in understanding intergranular fracture in polycrystals. First, 3D grain boundary geometries comprise a five‐dimensional space. Second, the energy and peak stress of grain boundaries have singularities for all commensurate grain boundaries, especially those with short repeat distances. Thirdly, fracture nucleation and growth depend not only upon the properties of grain boundaries, but also in crucial ways on edges, corners and triple junctions of even greater geometrical complexity. To address the first two challenges, we explore the physical underpinnings for creating functional forms to capture the hierarchical commensurability structure in the grain boundary properties. To address the last challenge, we demonstrate a method for atomistically extracting the fracture properties of geometrically complex local regions on the fly from within a finite element simulation.
Structural Studies of 2-Microglobulin-associated and Other MHC Antigens (1977)

The biological and genetic aspects of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) have attracted much attention. The combined efforts of geneticists, immunologists, and biochemists have brought knowledge of the MHC to a level unsurpassed by any other membrane antigen system. However, even the recent impressive increase in information relating to various aspects of this system has failed to demarcate the boundaries for the number of traits associated with the MHC, and thus the full complexity of this genetic region probably cannot yet be fully appreciated. The development of micro-chemical techniques to characterize the cell-surface antigens controlled by the MHC and the introduction of sophisticated immunological methods promise shortly to reveal new, exciting information on the structure-function relationship for the MHC antigens. Furthermore, the availability of ever-increasing numbers of congenic mouse strains will undoubtedly further resolve the genetic fine structure of the MHC region...
Spatio-temporal available bandwidth estimation with STAB (2004)

We study the problem of locating in space and over time a network path's tight link, that is the link with the least available bandwidth on the path. Tight link localization benefits network-aware applications, provides insight into the causes of network congestion and ways to circumvent it, and aids network operations. We present STAB , a light-weight probing tool to locate tight links. STAB combines the probing concepts of self-induced congestion, tailgating, and packet chirps in a novel fashion. We demonstrate its capabilities through experiments on the Internet and verify our results using router MRTG data.
Radar Autofocus Using Sparse Blind Deconvolution (2018)

The radar autofocus problem arises in situations where radar measurements are acquired of a scene using antennas that suffer from position ambiguity. Current techniques model the antenna ambiguity as a global phase error affecting the received radar measurement at every antenna. However, the phase error signal model is only valid in the far field regime where the position error can be approximated by a one dimensional shift in the down-range direction. We propose in this paper an alternate formulation where the antenna position error is modeled using a two-dimensional shift operator in the image-domain. The radar autofocus problem then becomes a multichannel two-dimensional blind deconvolution problem where the static radar image is convolved with a two dimensional shift kernel for each antenna measurement. We develop an alternating minimization framework that leverages the sparsity and piece-wise smoothness of the radar scene, as well as the one-sparse property of the two dimensional shift kernels.
Comprehensive Analysis of Data-Retention and Endurance Trade-Off of 40nm TaOx-based ReRAM (2019)

Multiple write techniques to improve reliability of 40nm TaOx-based resistive random access memory (ReRAM) are presented. A direct reliability trade-off exists between Set/Reset endurance cycle (endurance) and acceptable data-retention time (lifetime). To achieve both endurance and lifetime, various write techniques such as “Verify”, “Finalize_Verify” and “Relaxation effect” has been previously proposed [1]-[3]. This paper investigates the optimal combination of these techniques for the long-term data-retention. As a result, data-retention lifetime increases by 413x at low endurance cycles and 84x at high endurance cycles. To explain such lifetime enhancement, the physical model based on oxygen vacancy (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">o</sub> ), sdiffusion is discussed. In addition, this paper proposes the effective data modulation technique to suppress endurance-stress by using Asymmetric Coding (AC).
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOCHEMIE VON RK. AN EISEN‐KOHLENSTOFF‐SIGMA‐BINDUNGEN (1971)

Abstract Anhand von NMR‐Untersuchungen wird bestätigt, daß die Spaltung der C‐Fe‐σ‐Bindung im threo‐Fe‐Komplex (II) mit Hg(II)‐chlorid unter Retention, mit Brom unter Inversion der Konfiguration erfolgt; es entstehen die Produkte (I) bzw. (III).
Mitogenic and Antiapoptotic Actions of Hepatocyte Growth Factor Through ERK, STAT3, and Akt in Endothelial Cells (2001)

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), a member of the angiogenic growth factors, may play a pivotal role in the regulation of endothelial cells, inasmuch as HGF shows mitogenic and antiapoptotic actions in endothelial cells. Because the mechanism of these actions is still unclear, we examined the signal transduction system of HGF in human aortic endothelial cells. Treatment of endothelial cells with recombinant HGF (rHGF) resulted in a significant increase in DNA synthesis as assessed by thymidine incorporation. Importantly, phosphorylation of extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) and Akt by rHGF was clearly observed. Thus, we further examined the effects of specific inhibitors of ERK or Akt on cell proliferation. Pretreatment with PD98059, a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibitor, significantly attenuated cell proliferation induced by rHGF, whereas inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase, wortmannin, and LY-294002, did not. Interestingly, treatment with rHGF significantly increased the phosphorylation of the signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT)3 (Ser727), whereas PD98059 attenuated the phosphorylation of Ser727 induced by rHGF. In addition, treatment with rHGF significantly increased the promoter activity of c-fos, which includes the sis-inducible element and serum response element, whereas PD98059 completely attenuated the activation of the c-fos promoter induced by rHGF. In contrast, inhibition of Akt by wortmannin and LY-294002 failed to inhibit the phosphorylation of STAT3 and c-fos activation. On the other hand, treatment with rHGF attenuated the increase in LDH release and caspase-3 activity induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha stimulation. In contrast to DNA synthesis, wortmannin and LY-294002 markedly attenuated the decrease in caspase-3 activity mediated by rHGF, whereas PD98059 did not. Overall, the present study demonstrated that HGF stimulated cell proliferation through the ERK-STAT3 (Ser727) pathway and had an antiapoptotic action through the phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase-Akt pathway in human aortic endothelial cells. These findings provide new perspectives in the role of HGF in cardiovascular disease.
Inhibition of Antigen-Induced Eosinophilia and Late Phase Airway Hyperresponsiveness by an IL-5 Antisense Oligonucleotide in Mouse Models of Asthma (2000)

Chronic airway eosinophilia is associated with allergic asthma and is mediated in part by secretion of IL-5 from allergen-specific Th2 lymphocytes. IL-5 is a known maturation and antiapoptotic factor for eosinophils and stimulates release of nascent eosinophils from bone marrow into the peripheral circulation. An antisense oligonucleotide found to specifically inhibit IL-5 expression in vitro was observed to significantly reduce experimentally induced eosinophilia in vivo, in both the murine OVA lung challenge and allergic peritonitis models. Intravenous administration resulted in sequence-dependent inhibition of eosinophilia coincident with reduction of IL-5 protein levels, supporting an antisense mechanism of action. Potent suppression of lung eosinophilia was observed up to 17 days after cessation of oligonucleotide dosing, indicating achievement of prolonged protection with this strategy. Furthermore, sequence-specific, antisense oligonucleotide-mediated inhibition of Ag-mediated late phase airway hyperresponsiveness was also observed. These data underscore the potential utility of an antisense approach targeting IL-5 for the treatment of asthma and eosinophilic diseases.