gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multilayer optics with spectral purity layers for the EUV wavelength range (2006)

Reported are the first calculations and experimental results of the deposition of EUV multilayer coatings that actively suppress the reflectance in the VUV wavelength range. In the undesired 100-200 nm band a factor of five reduction was achieved for one single optical element, while only a minor loss of 4.5% reflectance for &#955; = 13.5 nm, the operating wavelength of EUVL, was found.
Characterization of long-haul 112Gbit/s PDM-QAM-16 transmission with and without digital nonlinearity compensation (2010)

In this paper long-haul, single channel, polarization multiplexed 16-state quadrature amplitude modulation (PDM-QAM-16) transmission at 112 Gbit/s is investigated. Novel digital signal processing techniques are used to perform carrier phase estimation and symbol estimation, in combination with nonlinear digital backpropagation. The results obtained demonstrate that the use of digital nonlinear backpropagation increases the optimum launch power from -4 dBm to -1 dBm with a consequent increase in maximum reach from 1440 km to 2400 km, which is a record transmission distance for QAM-16 reported to date for an SMF link with EDFAs only. Furthermore, experimental measurements are supported by simulations, based on the link used in the experiment.
Simulation of the coil winder for the superconducting supercollider (1994)

A unique apparatus has been designed to shape the magnet windings for the Superconducting Supercollider (SSC). The magnet windings of the SSC consist of conductor coils which are placed around a torus to generate a strong magnetic field within the torus. Several process variables must be controlled to demanding tolerances during the coil winding operation. The speed of conductor payout must be coordinated from a small spool through two stages of roll formers to the final coil shape on a large bobbin. The amount of plastic deformation in the conductor must be tightly controlled to pack it into the large bobbin with a certain desired force. The control problem consists of multiple interacting control loops. This paper describes a computer simulation of the coil winding apparatus. The Advanced Continuous Simulation Language (ACSL) was used to encode a mathematical model of the system. The objectives of the simulation study were to understand the dynamic behavior of the system and to explore strategies for control. Although the funding for the SSC was canceled, the results of the research and development project for construction of this unique facility will find application in other large-scale construction and manufacturing problems.
Independent sets in hypergraphs and Ramsey properties of graphs and the\n integers (2017)

Many important problems in combinatorics and other related areas can be\nphrased in the language of independent sets in hypergraphs. Recently Balogh,\nMorris and Samotij, and independently Saxton and Thomason developed very\ngeneral container theorems for independent sets in hypergraphs; both of which\nhave seen numerous applications to a wide range of problems. In this paper we\nuse the container method to give relatively short and elementary proofs of a\nnumber of results concerning Ramsey (and Tur\\'an) properties of (hyper)graphs\nand the integers. In particular:\n (i) We generalise the random Ramsey theorem of R\\"odl and Ruci\\'nski by\nproviding a resilience analogue. Our result unifies and generalises several\nfundamental results in the area including the random version of Tur\\'an's\ntheorem due to Conlon and Gowers and Schacht.\n (ii) The above result also resolves a general subcase of the asymmetric\nrandom Ramsey conjecture of Kohayakawa and Kreuter.\n (iii) All of the above results in fact hold for uniform hypergraphs.\n (iv) For a (hyper)graph $H$, we determine, up to an error term in the\nexponent, the number of $n$-vertex (hyper)graphs $G$ that have the Ramsey\nproperty with respect to $H$ (that is, whenever $G$ is $r$-coloured, there is a\nmonochromatic copy of $H$ in $G$).\n (v) We strengthen the random Rado theorem of Friedgut, R\\"odl and Schacht by\nproving a resilience version of the result.\n (vi) For partition regular matrices $A$ we determine, up to an error term in\nthe exponent, the number of subsets of $\\{1,\\dots,n\\}$ for which there exists\nan $r$-colouring which contains no monochromatic solutions to $Ax=0$.\n Along the way a number of open problems are posed.\n
Chiroptical Sensing of Asymmetric Hydrocarbons Using a Homochiral Supramolecular Box from a Bismetalloporphyrin Rotamer (2007)

The surrounding shapes the box: The zinc porphyrin dimer 1 bearing pyridyl groups can chiroptically sense an asymmetric hydrocarbon, such as limonene, by forming the homochiral box-shaped tetrameric assembly BOX⊥. As the BOX⊥ formed is enantiomerically enriched, the optical purity as well as the absolute configuration of the solvent limonene can be determined. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2007/z604330_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Origin of definite Hall voltage and positive slope in mobility-donor density relation in disordered oxide semiconductors (2010)

Amorphous oxide semiconductors (AOSs) are expected for alternative channel materials in thin-film transistors owing to their large electron mobilities. While, it is known that AOSs exhibit peculiar electron transport properties. Definite Hall voltages are observed even for mobilities &amp;lt;0.2 cm2/V s, which correspond to a very short mean free path (MFP) of 0.008 nm. Furthermore, Hall mobility increases with increasing the donor density. This paper reports that a percolation conduction model explains them; quantitative analyses based on the Boltzmann’s transport theory prove that carriers within the potential barriers have large MFPs of 0.5–1 nm. The percolation model also explains variable-range-hoppinglike and weak-localizationlike behaviors.
Intensity Constrained Error-Less Colour Correction (2004)

Colour correction is the mapping of device-dependent RGBs to device-independent standard CIE XYZs. Due to the nature of colour image formation and the existence of metamerism, this mapping is inherently one-to-many and thus ill-posed. However, normally it is solved for through an error-minimising linear one-to-one transform.In this paper we propose to make use of a definition of metamerism while maintaining the simplicity of a linear transform in defining an error-less colour correction. We say that a mapping is error-less if the RGB-XYZ pair put in correspondence through this mapping is such that a real, physically realisable reflectance that induces this pair exists. We show how we can solve for such a mapping using constrained linear least squares optimisation. However, since this problem is highly constrained, we introduce a notion of error in our calculations, building on a paramer set instead (the set of reflectances that map to a small uniform region in RGB space). We show that as little as 0.5% error is sufficient for a solution to exist.We find that the metamer set constrained linear colour correction works equally well as ordinary linear least squares in terms of the mean and median CIE &#x394;E, however reduces the overall maximum significantly. We also show that unconstrained linear least squares is not error-less. In particular, those samples that are not error-less are saturated samples, for which the metamer set constrained method reduces the mean, median as well as maximum error dramatically.
Genome-Based Cluster Deletion Reveals an Endocrocin Biosynthetic Pathway in Aspergillus fumigatus (2012)

Endocrocin is a simple anthraquinone frequently identified in extracts of numerous fungi. Several biosynthetic schemes for endocrocin synthesis have been hypothesized, but to date, no dedicated secondary metabolite gene cluster that produces this polyketide as its major metabolite has been identified. Here we describe our biosynthetic and regulatory characterization of the endocrocin gene cluster in Aspergillus fumigatus. This is the first report of this anthraquinone in this species. The biosynthetic genes required for endocrocin production are regulated by the global regulator of secondary metabolism, LaeA, and encode an iterative nonreducing polyketide synthase (encA), a physically discrete metallo-β-lactamase type thioesterase (encB), and a monooxygenase (encC). Interestingly, the deletion of a gene immediately adjacent to encC, termed encD and encoding a putative 2-oxoglutarate-Fe(II) type oxidoreductase, resulted in higher levels of endocrocin production than in the wild-type strain, whereas overexpression of encD eliminated endocrocin accumulation. We found that overexpression of the encA transcript resulted in higher transcript levels of encA-D and higher production of endocrocin. We discuss a model of the enc cluster as one evolutionary origin of fungal anthraquinones derived from a nonreducing polyketide synthase and a discrete metallo-β-lactamase-type thioesterase.
An easy cloning and expression vector system for Gluconobacter oxydans [Erratum: 2009 Mar. 15, v. 130, no. 1, p. 76.] (2008)

Gluconobacter oxydans is known for causing rapid and incomplete oxidation of a wide range of sugars, sugar acids and sugar alcohols. Therefore, this microorganism is already employed in several biotechnological processes that involve incomplete oxidation of a substrate, e.g. vitamin C or dihydroxyacetone production. To fully exploit the oxidative potential of G. oxydans, characterization of the biological role of gene products is essential. To take advantage of the genome sequence of G. oxydans DSM 2343, based on pBBR1MCS5, we constructed a new cloning and expression vector. The newly established vector pEXGOX will significantly decrease duration of cloning and increase cloning efficiency. It has the following advantages: (i) small size (5.7 kbp); (ii) complete sequence; (iii) variety of unique restriction sites; (iv) direct cloning of PCR products; (v) strong promoter. The pEXGOX plasmid was successfully used to clone G. oxydans genes and has the potential to facilitate studies of gene function of several G. oxydans open reading frames.
Novel Aspects of Domino Reaction of Indoles with Homo- Phthalaldehyde and Tere-phthalaldehyde (2014)

In the present work domino reaction of indole with homophthaladehyde (1) have been investigated for the first time. The reaction have been done in presence of glacial acetic acid as catalyst and solvent afford the novel un probable mixture of two isomers A and B of benzo[7]anulene (2) that couldn’t be divided accompany with the formation of the predictable tetraindole (3) in a yield of 46 to 38 % respectively. Terephthaladehyde (4) condensed with indoles in glacial acetic acid in a molar ratio (1:4) affording compounds 5a,b in a high yield of 93 - 95 % after a short time of stirring at room temperature. Compounds 5a,b can act as nucleophile due to the unoccupied two positions of the four indole rings. Accordingly we now present for the first time a expedient method for the synthesis of the novel extensive ring systems 6 and (7a-f) via condensation reaction of compound 5a with aryl or heteroaryl substituted aldehydes in a molar ratio (1:2).
A General Approach to Controlling the Surface Composition of Poly(ethylene oxide)-Based Block Copolymers for Antifouling Coatings (2011)

To control the surface properties of a polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene oxide) diblock copolymer, perfluorinated chemical moieties were specifically incorporated into the block copolymer backbone. A polystyrene-block-poly[(ethylene oxide)-stat-(allyl glycidyl ether)] [PS-b-P(EO-stat-AGE)] statistical diblock terpolymer was synthesized with varying incorporations of allyl glycidyl ether (AGE) in the poly(ethylene oxide) block from 0 to 17 mol %. The pendant alkenes of the AGE repeat units were subsequently functionalized by thiol-ene chemistry with 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctanethiol, yielding fluorocarbon-functionalized AGE (fAGE) repeat units. (1)H NMR spectroscopy and size-exclusion chromatography indicated well-defined structures with complete functionalization of the pendant alkenes. The surfaces of the polymer films were characterized after spray coating by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (NEXAFS), showing that the P(EO-stat-fAGE) block starts to compete with polystyrene to populate the surface after only 1 mol % incorporation of fAGE. Increasing the incorporation of fAGE led to an increased amount of perfluorocarbons on the surface and a decrease in the concentration of PS. At a fAGE incorporation of 8 mol %, PS was not detected at the surface, as measured by NEXAFS spectroscopy. Water contact angles measured by the captive-air-bubble technique showed the underwater surfaces to be dynamic, with advancing and receding contact angles varying by >20°. Protein adsorption studies demonstrated that the fluorinated surfaces effectively prevent nonspecific binding of proteins relative to an unmodified PS-b-PEO diblock copolymer. In biological systems, settlement of spores of the green macroalga Ulva was significantly lower for the fAGE-incorporated polymers compared to the unmodified diblock and a polydimethylsiloxane elastomer standard. Furthermore, the attachment strength of sporelings (young plants) of Ulva was also reduced for the fAGE-containing polymers, affirming their potential as fouling-release coatings.
Evaluation of sensors impact on information redundancy in cooperative perception system (2022)

Cooperative perception is a widely adopted approach to cope with occlusion and non-line-of-sight limitations of the vehicles' local sensors. It enables vehicles to increase their awareness of the environment by sharing their local perception information with others using Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) technology, thus, avoiding potential accidents. This paper studies the sensor errors and properties and reflects their impact on redundant information shared over communication while arguing for the cases where redundant information could be accepted. Specifically, three perspectives are evaluated: perception issues due to object detection errors, localization errors due to inaccuracy in the onboard navigation system (NS) and the effect of different perception Field of View (FoV). The system is implemented and evaluated using Simulation of Urban MObility (SUMO) traffic simulator and a centralized basestation that coordinates the CV2X communication. Results confirm that 63% of the missed vehicles due to detection error can be retrieved using the suggested Estimated Error Detection (EED) approach. The drawback is increasing the number of duplicate information sent to the receiver. While this exhausts the communication resources, it is still useful for cases where detection is hindered (e.g., by weather conditions). Moreover, our experiments show that the system becomes less reliable when the positioning error is above 1 meter. Lastly, we analyze the effect of the Field of View (FoV) on the centralized basestation objective value, highlighting the importance of 360° perception although it increases duplicate information (51%), pointing to further research required for mitigating duplicate information.
Three-dimensional printing of locally bendable short carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites (2021)

Locally bendable solid plates were manufactured in a single 3D-printing operation, using a single material, i.e., short carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP). The locally bendable CFRP plates included solid and bendable parts, which were connected seamlessly using double-stepped lap configuration. A parallel cross shape structure and 100% infill structure was adopted for the bendable and solid parts, respectively. The bendability could be controlled by varying the girder angle of the parallel cross shape structure. The bending stiffness was reduced to nearly 98% compared to that of the solid plate. The cyclic bending tests indicated that the locally bendable CFRP plate underwent reversible bending deformation. The bending stiffness decreased by approximately 8–14%. However, visible damage was not observed even after 100 cycles of bending deformation.
Investigation of Dual-Focal-Points Optical System with Bright-Field Illumination and Image Processing for UV Nanoimprint Alignment (2007)

In this study, a new wide-gap alignment technique was developed for the investigation of dual-focal-points optical system with bright field illumination and image processing for UV nanoimprint.
Platelet‐Rich Plasma in Patients With Partial‐Thickness Rotator Cuff Tears or Tendinopathy Leads to Significantly Improved Short‐Term Pain Relief and Function Compared With Corticosteroid Injection: A Double‐Blind Randomized Controlled Trial (2020)

Level I, randomized controlled trial.
DNA binding properties of the indolocarbazole antitumor drug NB-506. (2002)

Indolocarbazoles derived from the antibiotic rebeccamycin represent an important group of antitumor agents. Several indolocarbazoles are currently undergoing clinical trials. These compounds inhibit topoisomerase 1 to produce DNA breaks that are responsible for cell death. Unlike classical topoisomerase I poisons like camptothecin, glycosyl indolocarbazoles can form stable complexes with DNA even in the absence of topoisomerase I. At least in part, their mode of action is reminiscent of that of the anthracyclines, which also bind to nucleic acids and interfere with topoisomerase II. The lead synthetic compound in the series is the uncharged drug NB-506, which bears a glucose residue attached to the indolocarbazole chromophore substituted with two hydroxyl groups at positions 1 and 11. Here we report a detailed biophysical study aimed at characterizing the DNA binding properties of NB-506. Molecular modeling was used to compare the conformation and electronic properties of NB-506 and its analogue ED-571 bearing the two hydroxyl groups at positions 2 and 10. Surface plasmon resonance experiments, performed with DNA hairpin oligomers, indicate that NB-506 binds almost equally well to both AT and GC base pairs, and the binding affinity (K = 10(5) M(-1)) is similar to that of certain classical intercalators such as amsacrine and bisantrene. Isothermal titration calorimetry experiments show that the binding of NB-506 is enthalpy-driven (deltaH = -7.2 kcal/mol). The binding enthalpy measured for NB-506 is similar to that obtained with doxorubicin but the DNA interaction processes for the two drugs differ markedly in terms of entropy and deltaG. The free energy of NB-506 binding to DNA is considerably less favorable than that of doxorubicin. These biophysical data help us to understand further how rebeccamycin-type anticancer drugs interact with DNA.
Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activity of Quorum Sensing Peptides and Peptide Analogues Against Oral Biofilm Bacteria (2009)

Widespread antibiotic resistance is a major incentive for the investigation of novel ways to treat or prevent infections. Much effort has been put into the discovery of peptides in nature accompanied by manipulation of natural peptides to improve activity and decrease toxicity. The ever increasing knowledge about bacteria and the discovery of quorum sensing have presented itself as another mechanism to disrupt the infection process. We have shown that the natural quorum sensing (QS) peptide, competence-stimulating peptide (CSP), used by the caries causing bacteria Streptococcus mutans when used in higher than normally present concentrations can actually contribute to cell death in S. mutans. Using an analogue of this quorum sensing peptide (KBI-3221), we have shown it to be beneficial at decreasing biofilm of various Streptococcus species. This chapter looks at a number of assay methods to test the inhibitory effects of quorum sensing peptides and their analogues on the growth and biofilm formation of oral bacteria.
Microscale immiscible phase magnetic processing for bioanalytical applications (2022)

Bioanalytical processes such as ligand-binding assays, nucleic acid amplification tests and cancer cell identification methods require multiple steps including sampling, transport, sample preparation, chemical reaction/s, detection and interpretation. These necessitate trained personnel and laboratory infrastructure, and are often time-consuming and labor-intensive. Integrated platforms capable of combining the aforementioned steps are generally challenging to realize. Approaches employing immiscible phases constrained in the microscale and paramagnetic particles have emerged as pathways to extract proteins, nucleic acids and whole cells from complex matrices via affinity purification and magnetic actuation. In recent years, further steps for detection and readout of these bioanalytes have been incorporated, providing versatile lab-on-a-chip platforms for multiple integrated bioanalytical workflows and with great potential as point-of-need devices. In this manuscript, we review and summarize the different strategies employed and lay out further avenues for development and implementation.
Improved Organic Light Emitting Diodes Using Cryogenic LiF/Al Deposition (2012)

The effect of cryogenic temperature deposition of Al and LiF contacts on the electrical and optical performance of organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) was investigated. The reverse current of OLED with 77 K deposited contacts was reduced by one order of magnitude, and the output light intensity was dramatically improved compared to the device with conventional e-beam evaporated cathodes, due to the reduced damage on the metal contacts and the organic film interface. Atomic force microscope (AFM) imaging showed uniformly distributed smaller grains, and the X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern indicated better crystallinity for the 77 K deposited metal film. Also, an abrupt interface between metal contact and polymer was observed from secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) depth profiling.
Search for top-quark decays t → Hq with 36 fb−1 of pp collision data at $$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector (2019)

A bstract A search for flavour-changing neutral current decays of a top quark into an up-type quark ( q = u , c ) and the Standard Model Higgs boson, t → Hq , is presented. The search is based on a dataset of pp collisions at $$ \sqrt{s} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msqrt> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> </mml:msqrt> </mml:math> = 13 TeV recorded in 2015 and 2016 with the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36.1 fb −1 . Two complementary analyses are performed to search for top-quark pair events in which one top quark decays into Wb and the other top quark decays into Hq , and target the $$ H\to b\overline{b} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>H</mml:mi> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> <mml:mi>b</mml:mi> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>b</mml:mi> <mml:mo>¯</mml:mo> </mml:mover> </mml:math> and H → τ + τ − decay modes, respectively. The high multiplicity of b -quark jets, or the presence of hadronically decaying τ -leptons, is exploited in the two analyses respectively. Multivariate techniques are used to separate the signal from the background, which is dominated by top-quark pair production. No significant excess of events above the background expectation is found, and 95% CL upper limits on the t → Hq branching ratios are derived. The combination of these searches with ATLAS searches in diphoton and multilepton final states yields observed (expected) 95% CL upper limits on the t → Hc and t → Hu branching ratios of 1.1 × 10 −3 (8.3 × 10 −4 ) and 1.2 × 10 −3 (8.3 × 10 −4 ), respectively. The corresponding combined observed (expected) upper limits on the | λ tcH | and | λ tuH | couplings are 0.064 (0.055) and 0.066 (0.055), respectively.