gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Activity of LYS228, a Novel Monobactam Antibiotic, against Multidrug-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae (2018)

LYS228 is a novel monobactam with potent activity against <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> LYS228 is stable to metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) and serine carbapenemases, including <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> carbapenemases (KPCs), resulting in potency against the majority of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing and carbapenem-resistant <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> strains tested. Overall, LYS228 demonstrated potent activity against 271 <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> strains, including multidrug-resistant isolates. Based on MIC<sub>90</sub> values, LYS228 (MIC<sub>90</sub>, 1 μg/ml) was ≥32-fold more active against those strains than were aztreonam, ceftazidime, ceftazidime-avibactam, cefepime, and meropenem. The tigecycline MIC<sub>90</sub> was 4 μg/ml against the strains tested. Against <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> isolates expressing ESBLs (<i>n</i> = 37) or displaying carbapenem resistance (<i>n</i> = 77), LYS228 had MIC<sub>90</sub> values of 1 and 4 μg/ml, respectively. LYS228 exhibited potent bactericidal activity, as indicated by low minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) to MIC ratios (MBC/MIC ratios of ≤4) against 97.4% of the <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> strains tested (264/271 strains). In time-kill studies, LYS228 consistently achieved reductions in CFU per milliliter of 3 log<sub>10</sub> units (≥99.9% killing) at concentrations ≥4× MIC for <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>K. pneumoniae</i> reference strains, as well as isolates encoding TEM-1, SHV-1, CTX-M-14, CTX-M-15, KPC-2, KPC-3, and NDM-1 β-lactamases.
High Output Power InGaN Ultraviolet Light-Emitting Diodes Fabricated on Patterned Substrates Using Metalorganic Vapor Phase Epitaxy (2001)

Ultraviolet (UV) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with an InGaN multi-quantum-well (MQW) structure were fabricated on a patterned sapphire substrate (PSS) using a single growth process of metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy. The GaN layer grown by lateral epitaxy on a patterned substrate (LEPS) has a dislocation density of 1.5 × 108 cm—2. The LEPS-UV-LED chips were mounted on the Si bases in a flip-chip bonding arrangement. When the UV-LED was operated at a forward-biased current of 20 mA at room temperature, the emission wavelength, the output power and the external quantum efficiency were estimated to be 382 nm, 15.6 mW and 24%, respectively. With increasing forward-biased current, the output power increased linearly and was estimated to be approximately 38 mW at 50 mA.
Liquid crystal tunable polarization filter for target detection applications (2008)

Many natural materials produce polarization signatures, but man-made objects, typically having more planar or smoother surfaces, tend to produce relatively strong polarization signatures. These signatures, when used in combination with other means, can significantly aid in the detection of man-made objects. To explore the utility of polarization signatures for target detection applications we have developed a new type of polarimetric imaging sensor based on tunable liquid crystal components. Current state-of-the-art polarimetric sensors employ numerous types of imaging polarimeters, the most common of which are aperture division, micropolarizer, and rotating polarizer/analyzer. Our design uses an electronically tunable device that rotates the polarization of incoming light followed by a single fixed oriented linear polarizer. Its unique features include: 1) sub-millisecond response time switching speed, 2) ~75% transmission throughput, 3) no loss of sensor resolution, 4) zero mechanical moving parts, 5) broadband (~75% of center wavelength), 6) ~100:1 contrast ratio, 7) wide acceptance angle (&plusmn;10&deg;), and 8) compact and monolithic architecture (~10 inch3). This paper summarizes our tunable liquid crystal polarimetric imaging sensor architecture, benefits of our design, analysis of laboratory and field data, and the applicability of polarization signatures in target detection applications.
Structure and protective efficacy of the Staphylococcus aureus autocleaving protease EpiP (2014)

Despite the global medical needs associated with Staphylococcus aureus infections, no licensed vaccines are currently available. We identified and characterized a protein annotated as an epidermin leader peptide processing serine protease (EpiP), as a novel S. aureus vaccine candidate. In addition, we determined the structure of the recombinant protein (rEpiP) by X-ray crystallography. The crystal structure revealed that rEpiP was cleaved somewhere between residues 95 and 100, and we found that the cleavage occurs through an autocatalytic intramolecular mechanism. The protein expressed by S. aureus cells also appeared to undergo a similar processing event. To determine whether the protein acts as a serine protease, we mutated the hypothesized catalytic serine 393 residue to alanine, generating rEpiP-S393A. The crystal structure of this mutant protein showed that the polypeptide chain was not cleaved and was not interacting stably with the active site. Indeed, rEpiP-S393A was shown to be impaired in its protease activity. Mice vaccinated with rEpiP were protected from S. aureus infection (34% survival, P=0.0054). Moreover, the protective efficacy generated by rEpiP and rEpiP-S393A was comparable, implying that the noncleaving mutant could be used for vaccination purposes.
Merging Homogeneous Catalysis with Biocatalysis; Papain as Hydrogenation Catalyst. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A mild and convenient method for tritium labelling of activated aromatic compounds using BF3–Et2O and tritiated water (1993)

A procedure for tritium exchange labelling of activated aromatic compounds using 3H2O and BF3–Et2O has been developed to prepare two radio-labelled photoprobes that are difficult to obtain by conventional methods; the applicability of the method has been examined by labelling several aromatic compounds varying in activation toward electrophilic aromatic substitution.
Probabilistic combination of slant information: Weighted averaging and robustness as optimal percepts (2009)

Depth perception involves combining multiple, possibly conflicting, sensory measurements to estimate the 3D structure of the viewed scene. Previous work has shown that the perceptual system combines measurements using a statistically optimal weighted average. However, the system should only combine measurements when they come from the same source. We asked whether the brain avoids combining measurements when they differ from one another: that is, whether the system is robust to outliers. To do this, we investigated how two slant cues-binocular disparity and texture gradients-influence perceived slant as a function of the size of the conflict between the cues. When the conflict was small, we observed weighted averaging. When the conflict was large, we observed robust behavior: perceived slant was dictated solely by one cue, the other being rejected. Interestingly, the rejected cue was either disparity or texture, and was not necessarily the more variable cue. We modeled the data in a probabilistic framework, and showed that weighted averaging and robustness are predicted if the underlying likelihoods have heavier tails than Gaussians. We also asked whether observers had conscious access to the single-cue estimates when they exhibited robustness and found they did not, i.e. they completely fused despite the robust percepts.
Effect of cacao beans aroma on taste preferences for bitter chocolate (2020)

Investigation of the effect of aroma on the taste characteristics of three bitter chocolates, formulated from different cacao bean varieties (harvested from Ghana, Venezuela, and Ecuador). Sensory evaluations were given scores by 95 panelists wearing or not wearing nose clips. A questionnaire survey was also carried out. Twenty-six panelists showed changed preferences for chocolate in sensory tests while wearing a nose clip using the TDS (Temporal Dominance of Sensations) method. The scoring results showed the sensation of taste to be more sensitive when not wearing a nose clip than when wearing one, and that greater taste intensity was experienced without a nose clip. The TDS method revealed the key aroma characteristics: the Ghanaian chocolate had a “sweet nut” and “honey” taste, the Venezuelan variety had a “roasted nuts” flavor, and the Ecuadorian variety had as “floral” and “fruity” taste.
Method for accurate description of a radially polarized Gaussian laser beam beyond the paraxial approximation (2007)

A simple method is presented which, when incorporated into a simple symbolic computation code, can be used to derive the analytic perturbative Lax series for electromagnetic fields of a focused radially polarized Gaussian laser beam, up to an arbitrary power of epsilon. Here epsilon is the associated Gaussian beam diffraction angle. The method is expected to be useful, when applied with a suitable nonlinear resummation scheme, in obtaining a precise field description for focusing the output beam from an axicon.
Peptide antisera as sequence-specific probes of protein conformational transitions: calmodulin exhibits calcium-dependent changes in antigenicity. (1986)

Local changes in conformation between the calcium-saturated and calcium-free forms of calmodulin were monitored using antisera to four peptides corresponding to three helical regions of the calcium-saturated protein. The N-terminal helix was monitored using antiserum to residues 9-19, calmodulin-(9-19); the C-terminal helix using antiserum to residues 141-148, calmodulin-(141-148); and the long central helix with antisera to residues 68-79 and 80-92, calmodulin-(68-79) and -(80-92). Crossreactivities of peptide antisera with calmodulin (either in the presence or absence of calcium) were determined using solution-phase and solid-phase immunoassays. When examined by the fluid-phase assay, all four peptides elicited antibody that precipitated radiolabeled apocalmodulin but not the calcium-saturated form of the protein. Similarly, when calmodulin was immobilized on a solid-support, only the calcium-free form readily bound the antibodies to calmodulin-(80-92) and -(141-148). In addition, the crossreactivity of antiserum to calmodulin-(68-79) with calcium-saturated calmodulin in solid phase was reduced by approximately equal to 40% relative to reactivity with apocalmodulin. According to the x-ray crystal structure of Ca2+-saturated calmodulin and the antigenic reactivity of calmodulin for the peptide antisera in the absence of calcium, the regions of the protein monitored by these antisera are exposed to the surface in both conformational states and probably accessible to specific antibodies. The apparent preference of peptide antibodies for one conformation of the molecule suggests that changes in the conformation of calmodulin occur in cognate sequences that are transformed by calcium from antigenic, flexible structures to less antigenic, relatively helical structures. Peptide antibodies may be employed as sequence-specific reporter molecules to monitor local conformational changes providing the cognate sequence is sterically accessible to antibody in both states but antigenic in only one.
Efficient registration method of medical images using GPU (2011)

Registration of medical images is an important task; however, automatic image-based registration is computationally expensive. Given this task, the authors propose an efficient rigid registration method, which is based on mutual information and uses a graphics processing unit (GPU). Mutual-information-based registration methods require joint-histogram computation. Although a GPU can provide high performance computing, a joint histogram has a large number of bins, and the computation of such a histogram is not suitable for a GPU (whose shared memory is limited). Taking advantage of the fact that one image (the reference image) is not transformed during the registration process, the proposed method computes a joint histogram by computing multiple onedimensional histograms and combining them. The method can therefore be efficiently implemented on a GPU even with limited shared memory. Experimental results for 256 × 256 × 256 image registration show that the method is about 140 times faster than a standard implementation on a CPU and 2.6 times faster than previous methods using GPUs.
Impact of buffer architecture on the performance of heterogeneously integrated III-V-on-Si solar cells (2016)

We have demonstrated the impact of buffer architectures on the performance of 1J GaAs solar cells heterogeneously integrated on Si. An all-epitaxial molecular beam epitaxy-grown thin (<;1 μm) hybrid GaAs/Ge “virtual” buffer approach provided 1J GaAs cell efficiency of ~10% on Si, as compared with cell structures with thick 3 μm GaAs buffers. Solar cell results were further corroborated with materials analysis to provide a clear path for the reduction of performance-limiting dislocations. The thin “Ge-on-Si” virtual buffer approach to III-V-on-Si cell structures in the current work indicates a promising future for monolithically integrated, low-cost and high-efficiency III-V-on-Si photovoltaics.
Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease: Involvement of the choroid plexus (2023)

The choroid plexus (ChP) produces and is bathed in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which in aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD) shows extensive proteomic alterations including evidence of inflammation. Considering inflammation hampers functions of the involved tissues, the CSF abnormalities reported in these conditions are suggestive of ChP injury. Indeed, several studies document ChP damage in aging and AD, which nevertheless remains to be systematically characterized. We here report that the changes elicited in the CSF by AD are consistent with a perturbed aging process and accompanied by aberrant accumulation of inflammatory signals and metabolically active proteins in the ChP. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) imaging shows that these molecular aberrancies correspond to significant remodeling of ChP in AD, which correlates with aging and cognitive decline. Collectively, our preliminary post-mortem and in vivo findings reveal a repertoire of ChP pathologies indicative of its dysfunction and involvement in the pathogenesis of AD. HIGHLIGHTS: Cerebrospinal fluid changes associated with aging are perturbed in Alzheimer's disease Paradoxically, in Alzheimer's disease, the choroid plexus exhibits increased cytokine levels without evidence of inflammatory activation or infiltrates In Alzheimer's disease, increased choroid plexus volumes correlate with age and cognitive performance.
Undecameric Ring Structure of the Recombination Protein Rad52 (2003)

The Rad52 protein and its homologs play critical roles in eukaryotic homologous recombination. In the present study, we have determined the crystal structure of the N-terminal, homologouspairing domain of Rad52. The structure revealed an undecameric ring that has an exposed groove essential for DNA binding. Amino acid residues inside the groove are directly involved in DNA binding as evidenced by mutational analyses.
Quantifying the radiation efficiency of nano antennas (2012)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Yuval Yifat, Zeev Iluz, Michal Eitan, Inbal Friedler, Yael Hanein, Amir Boag, Jacob Scheuer; Quantifying the radiation efficiency of nano antennas. Appl. Phys. Lett. 12 March 2012; 100 (11): 111113. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3694278 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioApplied Physics Letters Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Prognostic value of circulating pregnancy-associated plasma protein levels in patients with chronic stable angina (2006)

Measurement of plasma PAPP-A level in patients with chronic stable CAD has an independent prognostic value on the occurrence of death and ACS.
Readers' Liberation (2018)

The Literary Agenda is a series of short polemical monographs about the importance of literature and of reading in the wider world and about the state of literary education inside schools and universities. The category of 'the literary' has always been contentious. What is clear, however, is how increasingly it is dismissed or is unrecognised as a way of thinking or an arena for thought. It is sceptically challenged from within, for example, by the sometimes rival claims of cultural history, contextualized explanation, or media studies. It is shaken from without by even greater pressures: by economic exigency and the severe social attitudes that can follow from it; by technological change that may leave the traditional forms of serious human communication looking merely antiquated. For just these reasons this is the right time for renewal, to start reinvigorated work into the meaning and value of literary reading. For the Internet and digitial generation, the most basic human right is the freedom to read. The Web has indeed brought about a rapid and far-reaching revolution in reading, making a limitless global pool of literature and information available to anyone with a computer. At the same time, however, the threats of censorship, surveillance, and mass manipulation through the media have grown apace. Some of the most important political battles of the twenty-first century have been fought--and will be fought--over the right to read. Will it be adequately protected by constitutional guarantees and freedom of information laws? Or will it be restricted by very wealthy individuals and very powerful institutions? And given increasingly sophisticated methods of publicity and propaganda, how much of what we read can we believe? This book surveys the history of independent sceptical reading, from antiquity to the present. It tells the stories of heroic efforts at self-education by disadvantaged people in all parts of the world. It analyzes successful reading promotion campaigns throughout history (concluding with Oprah Winfrey) and explains why they succeeded. It also explores some disturbing current trends, such as the reported decay of attentive reading, the disappearance of investigative journalism, 'fake news', the growth of censorship, and the pervasive influence of advertisers and publicists on the media--even on scientific publishing. For anyone who uses libraries and Internet to find out what the hell is going on, this book is a guide, an inspiration, and a warning.
Modified Lagrange invariants and their role in determining transverse and axial imaging resolutions of self-interference incoherent holographic systems (2014)

The Lagrange invariant is a well-known law for optical imaging systems formulated in the frame of ray optics. In this study, we reformulate this law in terms of wave optics and relate it to the resolution limits of various imaging systems. Furthermore, this modified Lagrange invariant is generalized for imaging along the z axis, resulting with the axial Lagrange invariant which can be used to analyze the axial resolution of various imaging systems. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the theory, analysis of the lateral and the axial imaging resolutions is provided for Fresnel incoherent correlation holography (FINCH) systems.
Protein C deficiency as the major cause of thrombophilias in childhood (2013)

Genetic predisposition of thromboembolism depends on the racial background. Factor V Leiden (G1691A) and factor II mutation (G20210A) are the leading causes of inherited thrombophilias in Caucasians, but are not found in Asian ancestries. Protein S (PS), protein C (PC) and antithrombin (AT) activity are reportedly low in 65% of adult Japanese patients with deep vein thrombosis. Approximately half of the patients with each deficiency carry the heterozygous mutation of PS (PROS1; 20%), PC (PROC; 10%), and AT genes (SERPINC1: 5%). Recently, several studies have revealed an outline of inherited thrombophilias in Japanese children. Congenital thrombophilias in 48 patients less than age 20 years consisted of 45% PC deficiency, 15% PS deficiency and 10% AT deficiency, along with other causes. All PS- and AT-deficient patients had a heterozygous mutation of the respective gene. On the other hand, PC-deficient patients were considered to carry the homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in 50%, the heterozygous mutation in 25%, and unknown causes in the remaining 25% of patients. Half of unrelated patients with homozygous or compound heterozygous PROC mutations carried PC-nagoya (1362delG), while their parents with its heterozygous mutation were asymptomatic. Most of the PC-deficient patients developed intracranial lesion and/or purpura fulminans within 2 weeks after birth. Non-inherited PC deficiency also conveyed thromboembolic events in early infancy. The molecular epidemiology of thrombosis in Asian children would provide a clue to establish the early intervention and optimal anticoagulant therapy in pediatric PC deficiency.
A Scalable Hardware Architecture to Support Applications of the HAIPE 3.1 Standard (2007)

Developers are actively pursuing embedments of the new HAIPE 3.1 standard for secure IP communications. Depending on underlying channel capacities or other aspects of individual applications, different levels of performance may be required. The challenge is to provide a hardware platform that provides the required level of computational support, but optimized with respect to cost, size, weight, etc. This paper will present an overview of these challenges and will describe an innovative, scalable hardware architecture that addresses them. Performance data was gathered for a series of architecture configuration experiments. Performance data is presented along with discussion and recommendations for future work.
Flow Toolkit for Measuring Gas Diffusivity in Liquids (2019)

Precise knowledge of gas diffusivity in liquids is critical for describing complex multiphase reaction systems. Here we present a high-throughput flow concept to measure gas diffusivity in liquids. This strategy takes advantage of the tube-in-tube reactor design whereby semipermeable Teflon AF-2400 tubes facilitate fast mass transfer between gas and liquid without directly contacting the two fluids. Coupled pseudosteady-state flux balances over the gas and liquid describe the gas dissolution rate and corresponding diffusivity with the aid of a single gas flow meter and a continuously ramped liquid flow rate. This in situ method demonstrates excellent accuracy in diffusion coefficient measurements, with less than 5% deviation from established techniques.
Excitation Energy Dependent Attosecond Photoemission Timing in Tungsten (2015)

A multitude of physical effects have been proposed to determine the photoemission delay between core and valence electrons in tungsten. We present selected streaking experiments that clarify its origins.