gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Solventless Acid‐Free Synthesis of Mesostructured Titania: Nanovessels for Metal Complexes and Metal Nanoclusters (2003)

Abstract A new and highly reproducible method to obtain mesostructured titania materials is introduced in this contribution. The mesostructured titania is obtained by employing self‐assembled structures of non‐ionic alkyl‐poly(ethylene oxide) surfactants as templates. The materials are produced without additional solvents such as alcohols, or even water. Only the titanium( IV ) ethoxide and the surfactant (C 12 EO 10 ) are needed. Water, in the form of that attached to the surfactant and from the atmosphere, induces growth of titania nanoclusters in the synthesis sol. It is indicated that these nanoclusters interact with the surfactant EO‐head groups to form a new titanotropic amphiphile. The new amphiphiles self‐assemble into titanium nanocluster–surfactant hybrid lyotropic phases, which are transformed to the final mesostructured materials by further condensation of the titania network. The titania materials can be obtained also with noble‐metal particles immobilized in the mesostructured framework. It is seen that when different metal salts are used as the metal precursors, different interactions with the titania walls are found. The materials are characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), polarization optical microscopy (POM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV‐vis spectroscopy, and micro‐Raman analysis.
The nature and implications of uniformity in the hierarchical organization of nanomaterials (2016)

In this Perspective, we present a framework that defines how to understand and control material structure across length scales with inorganic nanoparticles. Three length scales, frequently discussed separately, are unified under the topic of hierarchical organization: atoms arranged into crystalline nanoparticles, ligands arranged on nanoparticle surfaces, and nanoparticles arranged into crystalline superlattices. Through this lens, we outline one potential pathway toward perfect colloidal matter that emphasizes the concept of uniformity. Uniformity is of both practical and functional importance, necessary to increase structural sophistication and realize the promise of nanostructured materials. Thus, we define the nature of nonuniformity at each length scale as a means to guide ongoing research efforts and highlight potential problems in the field.
Canonicalizing Organization Names for Recruitment Domain (2020)

Online recruitment industry relies on various Knowledge Bases (KB) for enabling search and recommendation systems. These KBs comprise of diverse, non-standard, and large volume of named-entities as they are created from vast unstructured user-generated content (mostly CVs). Such non-standard representation of each entity causes significant vocabulary gap in KB which results in redundancy incompleteness, and ambiguity in the retrieved information. The problem is even more challenging in domains where external sources of context do not exist.
Chemical Composition of the Hydrosol and the Essential Oil of Three Different Species of the Pinaceae Family :Picea glauca(Moench) Voss.,Picea mariana(Mill.) B.S.P., andAbies balsamea(L.) Mill. (2012)

Abstract The chemical composition of the oils and hydrosols collected from wild plantations of three species of the Pinaceae family of conifers in the Grondines region of the province of Quebec, Canada, were determined by GC-FID and GC-MS analyses. The components obtained from the hydrosol of Picea glauca (Moench) Voss., (White Spruce) were mainly monoterpene alcohols, aldehydes and ketones. The major compound by far was camphor (65 %) with borneol (10 %) as an important minor constituent. In contrast, the essential oil was composed mainly of β-pinene (20 %) and camphor (20 %) followed by α-pinene (12 %) and bornyl acetate (12 %). Bornyl acetate (34.2 %) was the main compound identified in the Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P., (Black Spruce) oil and monoterpenes, mainly α-pinene (12.9 %) and camphene (16.4 %), constituted at least 45 % of the oil. On the contrary, due to their very low water solubility, monoterpene hydrocarbons were barely present in the hydrosol in which alcohols were the main components. They were oc-terpineol and borneol (each ˜14 %), terpinen-4-ol and camphene hydrate (each ˜6 %) as well as several aliphatic alcohols (cis-3-hexen-1-ol - 6.5 %). Bornyl acetate was also a significant component (7.8 %). Monoterpenes were the main components of the essential oil of Abies balsamea (L.) Mill. (Canadian Fir oil). They were β-pinene (33.5 %), Δ3-carene (14 %), oc-pinene (11.3 %) as well as limonene and β-phellandrene (each ˜7 %). Bornyl acetate was also a significant component (10 %). α-terpineol (˜41 %) was by far the main component observed in the hydrosol followed by borneol (6.4 %). Of particular interest was the presence of maltol (˜15 %). To our knowledge, this is the first report on the hydrosol composition obtained from a coniferous tree.
The Lower Extremities (2017)

This chapter reviews computational approaches to model the effects of blast on skeletal injury. Computational modelling is an extraordinary engineering tool that allows the inexpensive simulation of multiple physical phenomena and look into intricacies of mechanical response of structures that cannot be measured physically. The development of accurate, validated numerical/computational models can allow a cost-effective alternative to expensive experimental set-ups, as well as allow the simulation of multiple scenarios by altering modelling input parameters, specifically, geometric, material, loading and boundary parameters. Computational modelling of the lower limb at high strain rates has been developed historically for safety in the automotive industry, often aimed at simulating pedestrian or vehicle-occupant lower limb injury. Full-vehicle blast experiments on full-body cadavers or anthropometric testing devices (ATDs) offer the most realistic simulation of underbelly (UB) mine blasts. Accurate, validated computational models of the lower extremity are a cost-effective, repeatable alternative to expensive experimental set-ups.
Retinal pigment epithelial cells release an inhibitor of neovascularization. (1988)

Neovascularization plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of several important human disorders including diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity, choroidal neovascularization (age-related macular degeneration, histoplasmosis, etc.), sickle cell retinopathy, tumor growth, and rheumatoid arthritis. The possibility that controlling neovascularization will aid in the treatment of these disorders has prompted an extensive search for inhibitors of new blood vessel formation (1). Most inhibitors of neovascularization so far identified have been extracted from tissues that are avascular, ie. cartilage (2–5), vitreous (6,7), and lens (8). Unfortunately, the study of these inhibitors is severely limited by the fact that only small quantities of active material can be extracted from these sources (9).
A 58.6mW real-time programmable object detector with multi-scale multi-object support using deformable parts model on 1920×1080 video at 30fps (2016)

This paper presents a programmable, energy-efficient and real-time object detection accelerator using deformable parts models (DPM), with 2× higher accuracy than traditional rigid body models. With 8 deformable parts detection, three methods are used to address the high computational complexity: classification pruning for 33× fewer parts classification, vector quantization for 15× memory size reduction, and feature basis projection for 2× reduction of the cost of each classification. The chip is implemented in 65nm CMOS technology, and can process HD (1920×1080) images at 30fps without any off-chip storage while consuming only 58.6mW (0.94nJ/pixel, 1168 GOPS/W). The chip has two classification engines to simultaneously detect two different classes of objects. With a tested high throughput of 60fps, the classification engines can be time multiplexed to detect even more than two object classes. It is energy scalable by changing the pruning factor or disabling the parts classification.
Self-consistent radiation based modelling of electric arcs: I. Efficient radiation approximations (2008)

We perform a systematic investigation of methods for including radiation transport in arc simulations by analysing both various ways of solving the radiation transfer equation and methods for averaging the absorption coefficient over frequency. We show that the discrete ordinate method (DOM) and the P1 approximation can be used to produce good results: DOM being slightly more accurate and P1 being faster. Furthermore, we demonstrate that it is possible to start from the full absorption spectrum and produce band-averaged absorption coefficients with sufficient accuracy, if the frequencies are grouped not only based on frequency but also based on their magnitude. This makes it possible to introduce radiation transport in arc simulations in a systematic manner, with full control of accuracy. In a follow-up paper, part II, we apply our results to the simulation of several switching arcs, demonstrating the feasibility of self-consistent arc simulations for switching applications.
Motion control of series-elastic actuators (2016)

Direct, physical interaction between a human and a robot has potential to provide assistance or rehabilitation which can extend the human user's physical capabilities. To be successful, the robot must be able to realize the system-level objectives without compromising the subject's safety. For applications which involve a powered robot, compliant actuators may help guarantee safety. However, the more complex dynamics of compliant actuators requires proper model selection and controller design to give satisfactory performance. Here, a series-elastic actuator integrated to an upper-limb exoskeleton is considered. To consider the effects of the elastic element, a model for the series elastic actuator with load-side dynamics is introduced, validated, then used for controller design. The performance and safety of several control architectures are analyzed, then compared experimentally.
Zoonotic infection and clonal dissemination of Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus sequence type 194 isolated from humans in Thailand (2021)

Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus (SEZ) is a zoonotic pathogen associated with diseases in a wide range of animals as well as in humans. SEZ sequence type (ST) 194 strains have been associated with outbreaks in China, the USA, and Canada and have caused high mortality in pigs. Nevertheless, human infection by this ST has never been reported. This study conducted a retrospective analysis of 18 SEZ strains from human patients in Thailand during 2005-2020. The study revealed clonal dissemination of ST194 with the identical pulsotype in human patients throughout Thailand. Clinical manifestation was mainly septicemia (61.1%), while 72.2% had a history of eating raw pork products. There were six fatal cases (33.3%). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that all strains were susceptible to penicillin, ampicillin, cefotaxime, erythromycin, levofloxacin, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline and vancomycin. Virulence-associated genes, including bifA, szM, szP, sdzD, spaZ, and fszF, were present in all tested strains. Some representative genes in four pathogenicity islands found in the swine outbreak SEZ-ATCC35246 (ST194) strain were detected in these SEZ strains. Whole-genome sequencing analysis of three representative SEZs in this study revealed no acquired antimicrobial-resistant genes and they contained the same virulence factors. The single-nucleotide polymorphism phylogenetic tree demonstrated that the current strains were clustered with swine ST194 strains. The results should be highlighted as a public health concern, especially to those who may directly or indirectly have contact with livestock or companion animals or have consumed raw meat products as risk factors for infections with SEZ.
Data from Identification of Membrane-expressed CAPRIN-1 as a Novel and Universal Cancer Target, and Generation of a Therapeutic Anti-CAPRIN-1 Antibody TRK-950 (2023)

&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Specific targets for cancer treatment are highly desirable, but still remain to be discovered. While previous reports suggested that CAPRIN-1 localizes in the cytoplasm, here we now show that part of this molecule is strongly expressed on the cell membrane surface in most solid cancers, but not normal tissues. Notably, the membrane expression of CAPRIN-1 extended to the subset of highly tumorigenic cancer stem cells and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)–induced metastatic cancer cells. In addition, we revealed that cancer cells with particularly high CAPRIN-1 surface expression exhibited enhanced tumorigenicity. We generated a therapeutic humanized anti-CAPRIN-1 antibody (TRK-950), which strongly and specifically binds to various cancer cells and shows antitumor effects via engagement of immune cells. TRK-950 was further developed as a new cancer drug and a series of preclinical studies demonstrates its therapeutic potency in tumor-bearing mouse models and safety in a relevant cynomolgus monkey model. Together, our data demonstrate that CAPRIN-1 is a novel and universal target for cancer therapies. A phase I clinical study of TRK-950 has been completed (NCT02990481) and a phase Ib study (combination with approved drugs) is currently underway (NCT03872947) in the United States and France. In parallel, a phase I study in Japan is in progress as well (NCT05423262).&lt;/p&gt;Significance:&lt;p&gt;Antibody-based cancer therapies have been demonstrated to be effective, but are only approved for a limited number of targets, because the majority of these markers is shared with healthy tissue, which may result in adverse effects. Here, we have successfully identified CAPRIN-1 as a novel truly cancer-specific target, universally expressed on membranes of various cancer cells including cancer stem cells. Clinical studies are underway for the anti-CAPRIN-1 therapeutic antibody TRK-950.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Resource sharing in reservation-based systems (2002)

In recent years, real-time operating systems have begun to support the resource reservation paradigm. This technique has proved to be very effective in providing QoS to both, real-time and legacy applications, ensuring that the temporal misbehavior of an application does not affect any other. However, resource sharing in a reservation system is still not well understood, and can break the temporal isolation property due to priority inversion. We address this problem, presenting some solution strategies that can be considered extensions to priority inheritance and priority ceiling protocol emulation for reservation systems.
Comparative analysis of the paired immunoglobulin-like receptor (PILR) locus in six mammalian genomes: duplication, conversion, and the birth of new genes (2006)

Manyaspects of the immune system are controlled by homologous cell surface receptors that mediate inhibitory and activating pathways. The paired immunoglobulin-like receptor (PILR) locus at 7q22 encodes both PILRA, an inhibitory receptor, and PILRB, its activating counterpart. Mouse Pilrb1 is a novel immune system regulator, and its ligand Cd99 participates in the recruitment of T-cells to inflamed tissue. We characterized the PILR locus in six mammalian genomes and investigated the structure and mRNA expression of human PILRB. Synteny at the PILR locus is conserved in the human, chimpanzee, dog, mouse and rat genomes. The absence of the PILR locus in opossum and chicken genomes suggests it arose after the divergence of placental and nonplacental mammals. In humans, a Williams-Beuren syndrome-related segmental duplication has created a complex chimeric transcript representing the predominantly expressed form of PILRB. Unlike PILRA, PILRB transcripts were detected in a wide variety of tissues including cells of the lymphoid lineage. In the mouse genome, a second activating gene, Pilrb2, and six pseudogenes were found. Extensive gene duplications in the rat genome have resulted in at least 27 Pilrb genes and or pseudogenes. Abundant gene duplication events involving novel CD99-related genes were also detected in the rat genome. In addition to duplication, we show that gene conversion has played a persistent role in the evolution of the PILR genes. Overall, we demonstrate that the PILR locus is dynamically evolving via multiple evolutionary mechanisms in several mammalian genomes.
Discussion of A new model for a fractured well in a radial, composite reservoir'' (1994)

In A New Model for a Fractured Well in a Radial, Composite Reservoir'' (SPE 20579, SPE Formation Evaluation, Sept. 1993, Page 225), Chu and Shank's solution for a fracture well in a two-zone radial composite reservoir is incorrect for two reasons. (1) Their solution is based on an inaccurate solution of Ozkan and Raghavan. Although Ozkan and Raghavan's solution may be valid only at the center of the fracture (x = 0 and y = 0), it cannot be integrated as an impulse response or Green's function of the system over a spatial domain because it does not include all the harmonics, unless the system is axisymmetric. (2) Eqs. 10 and 11 in Chu and Shank's paper cannot be right because the pressure distribution is not axisymmetric due to a fracture. This paper reviews various equations used by the original authors and the validity of their use.
Study of the optical response of phase‐change recording layer with zinc oxide nanostructured thin film (2008)

Recently, use of nanostructured materials as a near-field optical active layer has attracted a lot of interest. The non-linear optical properties and strong enhancements of metallic oxide nanostructured thin films are key functions in applications of promising nanophotonics. For the importance of ultra-high density optical data storage, we continue investigating the ultra-high density recording property of near-field optical disk consisting of zinc oxide (ZnO(x)) nanostructured thin film. A carrier-to-noise ratio above 38 dB at a recording mark size of 100 nm can be obtained in the ZnO(x) near-field optical disk by a DVD driver tester directly. In this article, we use an optical pump-probe system (static media tester) to measure the optical response of a phase-change recording layer (Ge(2)Sb(2)Te(5)) and demonstrate the high contrast of optical recording with a ZnO(x) nanostructured thin film in short pulse durations. Also, we investigate the dependence of writing power and the optical response in conventional re-writable recording layers and the phase-change material with ZnO(x) nanostructured thin film.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Diazonaphthoquinones from Naphthols by Diazo‐Transfer Reaction (2015)

Abstract using 2‐azido‐1,3‐dimethylimidazolium chloride
Metallization considerations for carbon nanotube device optimization (2022)

As a one-dimensional structure with atomically thin sidewalls, charge transport in carbon nanotubes can be regarded as a surface phenomenon. As such, perturbations from the surrounding environment can have a dramatic impact on transport and consequently on the device behavior of carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (CNTFETs). Importantly, this includes effects from device fabrication processes like contact metallization. With this as motivation, several aspects of contact metallization are investigated herein. First, it is found that ON current in n-type CNTFETs is enhanced to the level of p-type CNTFETs through the utilization of titanium as an adhesion layer, a result of improved wetting. Effects of different metallization techniques, namely, thermal and electron-beam evaporation, are also explored in p-type devices using titanium/palladium/gold contacts. It is found that thermal metallization consistently produces devices with higher ON current. In-depth analysis of the transfer characteristics reveals that this is due to radiation effects encountered during electron-beam processing, resulting in channel scattering and a decreased transconductance in the devices. This effect is particularly severe upon gold processing, and attempts to heal this device degradation through annealing proved unsuccessful. All studies presented here are conducted through the analysis of a large number of nanotube devices, giving a degree of confidence to the average results. Additionally, only device parameters that can be directly extracted from the transfer characteristics are analyzed. Assumptions including nanotube diameter, capacitance, and nanotube number per device are not made. Results from this study provide recommendations for optimizing CNTFET performance as it relates to contact metallization.
miEAA: microRNA enrichment analysis and annotation (2016)

Similar to the development of gene set enrichment and gene regulatory network analysis tools over a decade ago, microRNA enrichment tools are currently gaining importance. Building on our experience with the gene set analysis toolkit GeneTrail, we implemented the miRNA Enrichment Analysis and Annotation tool (miEAA). MiEAA is a web-based application that offers a variety of commonly applied statistical tests such as over-representation analysis and miRNA set enrichment analysis, which is similar to Gene Set Enrichment Analysis. Besides the different statistical tests, miEAA also provides rich functionality in terms of miRNA categories. Altogether, over 14 000 miRNA sets have been added, including pathways, diseases, organs and target genes. Importantly, our tool can be applied for miRNA precursors as well as mature miRNAs. To make the tool as useful as possible we additionally implemented supporting tools such as converters between different miRBase versions and converters from miRNA names to precursor names. We evaluated the performance of miEAA on two sets of miRNAs that are affected in lung adenocarcinomas and have been detected by array analysis. The web-based application is freely accessible at: http://www.ccb.uni-saarland.de/mieaa_tool/.
Exercise increases hippocampal neurogenesis to high levels but does not improve spatial learning in mice bred for increased voluntary wheel running. (2003)

The hippocampus is important for the acquisition of new memories. It is also one of the few regions in the adult mammalian brain that can generate new nerve cells. The authors tested the hypothesis that voluntary exercise increases neurogenesis and enhances spatial learning in mice selectively bred for high levels of wheel running (S mice). Female S mice and outbred control (C) mice were housed with and without running wheels for 40 days. 5-Bromodeoxyuridine was used to label dividing cells. The Morris water maze was used to measure spatial learning. C runners showed a strong positive correlation between running distance and new cell number, as well as improved learning. In S runners, neurogenesis increased to high levels that reached a plateau, but no improvement in learning occurred. This is the first evidence that neurogenesis can occur without learning enhancement. The authors propose an alternative function of neurogenesis in the control of motor behavior.
Computer aided measurement of dielectric properties of saline solutions using a six-port reflectometer (2003)

An open-ended coaxial line is used as a nondestructive broadband impedance sensor to measure the permittivity of an NaCl aqueous solution as a function of concentration, temperature, and wave frequency, using a six-port reflectometer (SPR). Permittivity measurements obtained from 2.5 to 4 GHz with the SPR are compared to results previously published. It is found that the SPR can provide broadband permittivity measurements with an accuracy comparable to that of automatic network analyzers, but at considerable reduction in equipment costs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>