gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, Properties, and Derivatization of Poly(dihydrogermane): A Germanium-based Polyethylene Analogue (2020)

&lt;div&gt; &lt;div&gt; &lt;div&gt; &lt;p&gt;Polygermanes are germanium-based analogues of polyolefins and possess polymer backbones made up catenated Ge atoms. In the present contribution we report the preparation of a stable germanium polyethylene analogue – polydihydrogermane (i.e., (GeH2)n) – via two straightforward approaches that involve topotactic deintercalation of the CaGe Zintl phase. The resulting (GeH2)n possess morphologically dependent chemical and electronic properties and thermally decompose to yield amorphous hydrogenated Ge. We also show that the resulting (GeH2)n provide a platform from which functionalized polygermanes can be prepared via thermally-induced hydrogermylation-mediated pendant group substitution. This facile one-step derivatization reaction exploits Ge–H reactivity and opens the door to a wide array of tailored functional polygermanes. &lt;/p&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Sjögren's Syndrome‐Like Disease of C57BL/6.NOD‐Aec1 Aec2 Mice: Gender Differences in Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca Defined by a Cross‐Over in the Chromosome 3 Aec1 Locus (2006)

Abstract Sjögren's syndrome (SjS) is a systemic autoimmune disease in which an immunological attack primarily against the salivary and lacrimal glands results in loss of acinar cell tissue and function leading to stomatitis sicca and keratoconjunctivitis sicca. In recent years, the NOD mouse has become an accepted model of SjS, exhibiting a spontaneously developing disease that strongly mimics the human condition. Two genetic regions, one on chromosome 1 (designated Aec2 ) and the second on chromosome 3 (designated Aec1 ) of NOD mice, have been shown to be necessary and sufficient to recapitulate SjS‐like disease in non‐susceptible C57BL/6 mice. Here we describe a newly derived strain, C57BL/6.NOD‐ Aec1R1Aec2 , in which a recombination in Aec1 has resulted in reducing this genetic region to less than 20 cM from 48.5 cM. Profiling of this recombinant inbred strain has revealed that male mice maintain a full SjS‐like disease, whereas female mice exhibit stomatitis sicca in the absence of detectable keratoconjunctivitis sicca. These data suggest SjS‐like disease in the NOD mouse shows gender‐specific regulation determined by autosomal genes.
Optical Constants of Electrochromic WO3 Determined by Variable Angle Spectroscopic Ellipsometry (1995)

Variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry (VASE) was used to measure the optical constants and thickness of electrochromic WO 3 films with various intercalation levels. The films were deposited by RF magnetron sputtering to thickness between 800nm and 2000nm. The substrates were quartz with electrode layers of optically thin Al or ITO. Li + ions were inserted into the films by applying a negative voltage to the substrate electrode (Al or ITO) relative to a counter electrode, a gold wire, in a Li + containing electrolyte. This electrolyte was a 0.5 molar solution of LiClo 4 in propylene carbonate. Additionally, in-situ experiments were done in a electrochemical chamber mounted on a VASE. Ellipsometry and transmission data were taken at several angles of incidence with several different amounts of Li + inserted and the optical constants and thickness were solved for at each level of intercalation. Additional characterization included AFM, interference microscopy, and x-ray diffraction. Figure 1 and 2 attached show the ellipsometric and Ψ and Δ before and after intercalation of the WO 3 with Li + . Figure 3 shows the transmissional data. By combining these data simultaneously in the regression fit, we are able to unambiguously determine the index of refraction and extinction coefficient during all stage of “coloring”.
First upper limits from LIGO on gravitational wave bursts (2004)

We report on a search for gravitational wave bursts using data from the first science run of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO) detectors. Our search focuses on bursts with durations ranging from 4 to 100 ms, and with significant power in the LIGO sensitivity band of 150 to 3000 Hz. We bound the rate for such detected bursts at less than 1.6 events per day at a 90% confidence level. This result is interpreted in terms of the detection efficiency for ad hoc waveforms (Gaussians and sine Gaussians) as a function of their root-sum-square strain ${h}_{\mathrm{rss}};$ typical sensitivities lie in the range ${h}_{\mathrm{rss}}\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}19}--{10}^{\ensuremath{-}17}\mathrm{strain}/\sqrt{\mathrm{Hz}},$ depending on the waveform. We discuss improvements in the search method that will be applied to future science data from LIGO and other gravitational wave detectors.
Eikenella corrodens Vertebral Osteomyelitis Secondary to Direct Inoculation (2000)

Vertebral osteomyelitis due to E. corrodens is extremely rare. Direct inoculation as a cause of vertebral osteomyelitis with Eikenella has never been reported. If diagnosed properly with appropriate cultures and antibiotic sensitivities, Eikenella osteomyelitis can be treated successfully according to standard orthopedic practices including debridement, fusion, and appropriate antibiotics. Awareness of unusual bacteria as potential causative organisms of osteomyelitis is imperative for appropriate treatment.
Models and Studies of Aging: Executive Summary of a Report from the U13 Conference Series (2019)

The American Geriatrics Society convened a conference in Bethesda, Maryland, to explore models and studies of aging. This was the second of three conferences, supported by a U13 grant from the National Institute on Aging, to aid recipients of Grants for Early Medical/Surgical Specialists Transition to Aging Research (GEMSSTAR) in integrating geriatrics into their specialties. Recognizing that aging is the largest risk factor for multiple chronic diseases and age-related loss of resilience, the conference organizers focused scientific sessions on how targeting age-related mechanisms can delay, prevent, or reverse geriatric syndromes, age-related chronic diseases, and loss of resilience. The rationale for studying models of aging as well as study designs, strategies, and challenges of studying human aging were reviewed. This article provides a summary of the full conference report, Models and Studies of Aging: Report from the U13 Conference Series, and summarizes key take-home messages that were designed to support GEMSSTAR awardees in developing their research careers focused on aging research (see supplementary text for the full report). J Am Geriatr Soc 67:428-433, 2019.
Identification of HMGA2 inhibitors by AlphaScreen-based ultra-high-throughput screening assays (2020)

The mammalian high mobility group protein AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) is a multi-functional DNA-binding protein that plays important roles in tumorigenesis and adipogenesis. Previous results showed that HMGA2 is a potential therapeutic target of anticancer and anti-obesity drugs by inhibiting its DNA-binding activities. Here we report the development of a miniaturized, automated AlphaScreen ultra-high-throughput screening assay to identify inhibitors targeting HMGA2-DNA interactions. After screening the LOPAC1280 compound library, we identified several compounds that strongly inhibit HMGA2-DNA interactions including suramin, a century-old, negatively charged antiparasitic drug. Our results show that the inhibition is likely through suramin binding to the "AT-hook" DNA-binding motifs and therefore preventing HMGA2 from binding to the minor groove of AT-rich DNA sequences. Since HMGA1 proteins also carry multiple "AT-hook" DNA-binding motifs, suramin is expected to inhibit HMGA1-DNA interactions as well. Biochemical and biophysical studies show that charge-charge interactions and hydrogen bonding between the suramin sulfonated groups and Arg/Lys residues play critical roles in the binding of suramin to the "AT-hook" DNA-binding motifs. Furthermore, our results suggest that HMGA2 may be one of suramin's cellular targets.
DAB physical layer considerations for a reuse in cognitive radio systems (2011)

The digital audio broadcasting (DAB) standard allows high spectrum efficiency, high voice quality, energy saving transmission and additional non-audio services like video and data transmission. Especially the last aspect enables the reuse of the DAB physical layer (PHY) for cognitive radio (CR) systems This manuscript analyzes the performance of a DAB system with respect to the standardized forward error correction (FEC) in an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) scenario under perfect synchronization assumption. The FEC consists of a Reed-Solomon (RS) code, followed by a convolutional code. In addition, puncturing as part of the equal error protection profiles (EEPPs) in the MSC (Main Service Channel) is applied.
Optical Coherence Microscopy: A New Technique for High-Resolution, Non-Invasive Imaging in Bulk Biological Tissues (1997)

Abstract Optical coherence microscopy (OCM) is a novel technique complementary to optical coherence tomography (OCT) which combines low-coherence interferometry with confocal microscopy to achieve micron-scale resolution imaging in highly scattering media. OCM may be implemented using a single-mode fiber-optic low-coherence interferometer (See Fig. 1). A high numerical aperture objective is used to focus sample-arm light into the specimen, and the reference arm length of the interferometer is adjusted to match the sample arm focal plane optical depth. The sample arm of the interferometer comprises a scanning confocal microscope, in which either the sample or the probe beam is laterally scanned in a raster pattern, and the optical fiber acts as a single-mode confocal aperture for combined light illumination and collection. The reference arm length of the interferometer establishes the depth position of an interferometric “coherence gate” in the sample, from which backscattered light is preferentially collected. Initial studies of OCM in scattering phantoms have demonstrated that this technique provides increased optical sectioning depth compared to confocal microscopy alone.
Dude, Where's My Phenotype? Dealing with Redundancy in Signaling Networks (2005)

In the post-genomic era, our understanding of signal transduction networks necessarily entails the use of genetics analysis. Nowhere is this revealed more clearly than the use of publicly available knockout collections, which are plundered daily by plant researchers in search of mutants to test
Investigating the pharmacodynamic durability of GalNAc–siRNA conjugates (2020)

One hallmark of trivalent N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc)-conjugated siRNAs is the remarkable durability of silencing that can persist for months in preclinical species and humans. Here, we investigated the underlying biology supporting this extended duration of pharmacological activity. We found that siRNA accumulation and stability in acidic intracellular compartments is critical for long-term activity. We show that functional siRNA can be liberated from these compartments and loaded into newly generated Argonaute 2 protein complexes weeks after dosing, enabling continuous RNAi activity over time. Identical siRNAs delivered in lipid nanoparticles or as GalNAc conjugates were dose-adjusted to achieve similar knockdown, but only GalNAc-siRNAs supported an extended duration of activity, illustrating the importance of receptor-mediated siRNA trafficking in the process. Taken together, we provide several lines of evidence that acidic intracellular compartments serve as a long-term depot for GalNAc-siRNA conjugates and are the major contributor to the extended duration of activity observed in vivo.
Reduction of the effective thermal conductivity by circulation of the quasi-ballistic heat-flux (2016)

For a thermal conductivity that is spatially uniform and independent of temperature, Fourier's law of heat transfer predicts a curl-free heat-flux. In the quasi-ballistic phonon transport regime, where the Fourier law breaks down, it has been proven starting from the Boltzmann transport equation that the constitutive relation for the heat-flux contains a solenoidal (circulatory) term with zero divergence and non-zero curl. In this paper we show how to reduce the effective thermal conductivity of a material with dimensions on the same scale as the phonon mean-free path, by exploiting the solenoidal term in the constitutive relation.
Femtosecond laser hyperdoping and micro/nanotexturing of silicon for photovoltaics (2012)

We have developed a technique, optical hyperdoping, for doping semiconductors to unusually high levels and endowing
them with remarkable optoelectronic properties. By irradiating silicon (Si) with a train of femtosecond laser pulses in the
presence of heavy chalcogen (sulfur, selenium, and tellurium) compounds, a 100-300 nm thin layer of Si is doped to nonequilibrium
levels (~1 at. %). Hyperdoped silicon exhibits near-unity photon absorptance from the ultraviolet (λ < 0.25
μm) to the mid-infrared (λ > 2.5 μm), even though crystalline silicon is normally transparent to wavelengths λ > 1.1 μm
due to its band gap at 1.1 eV. Concurrent to doping, we are also able to use fs-laser irradiation to create light-trapping
surface textures on the micro- and nanometer scales. Together, optical hyperdoping and surface texturing represent a
route towards high-performance thin film photovoltaic devices.
Towards Efficient Video Super Resolution for Faster Streaming (2022)

Live Video Streaming contributes to a major portion of Internet traffic. Low network bandwidth conditions can negatively impact the quality of the live video stream, which should be as high as possible for a good user experience. An emergent solution to deal with this problem is to use Video Super Resolution (VSR) methods to only transmit a lower quality version of the video, and super resolve it to a higher quality version at the client side, therefore saving on the amount of data to transmit. While up-scaling incoming low resolution video frames, it is important to consider the tradeoff between quality and latency of the super resolved output video. This is necessary to ensure that the super resolution process does not negatively impact the latency of the live video stream. The goal of this work is to investigate this trade off and present our approach based on a combination of super resolution and video frames interpolation. We propose a new strategy to super resolve the input video by leveraging both VSR and Video Interpolation (VI) in order to speed up computation without impacting the quality of the final video. Preliminary experimental results confirm that, compared with standalone VSR models, our proposed pipelined VSR+VI approach achieves 20% performance speedup, with little impact on the the quality of the final output video.
Polymeric spatial resolution test patterns for mass spectrometry imaging using nano‐thermal analysis with atomic force microscopy (2017)

This work illustrates that e-beam lithography is a viable method to create spatial resolution test patterns in a thin film of high molecular weight polymer to allow unbiased judgment of intra-laboratory advancement and/or inter-laboratory comparison of instrument advances in nano-thermal analysis/atomic force microscopy/mass spectrometry chemical imaging. Published in 2017. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Measurement of CP observables in B± → DK*± decays using two- and four-body D final states (2017)

A bstract Measurements of CP observables in B ± → DK *± decays are presented, where D denotes a superposition of D 0 and $$ {\overline{D}}^0 $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> <mml:mo>¯</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msup> </mml:math> meson states. Decays of the D meson to K − π + , K − K + , π − π + , K − π + π − π + and π − π + π − π + are used and the K *± meson is reconstructed in the K S 0 π ± final state. This analysis uses a data sample of pp collisions collected with the LHCb experiment, corresponding to integrated luminosities of 1 fb −1 , 2 fb −1 and 1.8 fb −1 at centre-of-mass energies $$ \sqrt{s}=7 $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msqrt> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> </mml:msqrt> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>7</mml:mn> </mml:math> TeV, 8 TeV and 13 TeV, respectively. The sensitivity of the results to the CKM angle γ is discussed.
Cryostorage of immature and mature human testis tissue to preserve spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs): a systematic review of current experiences toward clinical applications (2018)

While the survival rate of children with cancer is increasing, preserving fertility for prepubertal boys is still a challenge. Although intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) using frozen sperms has revolutionized infertility treatment, it is not applicable for the patients who undergo chemotherapy before puberty since spermatogenesis has not begun. Therefore, preserving spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) as an experimental option can be provided to prepubertal patients at a risk of damage or loss of their SSCs due to cancer treatments and developmental or genetic disorders. Using frozen SSCs in testicular tissue, successful SSC autotransplantation in mouse and nonhuman primates has shown a promising future for SSC-based cell therapy. Cryopreservation of testicular tissue containing SSCs is the first step to translate SSC-based cell therapy into clinical male infertility treatment, and in the investigation into SSCs, it is very important to evaluate their quantity and functionality during this process. This systematic review summarizes the published data on cryopreservation techniques in human testis tissue for potential utilization in future clinical applications.
Digital clock recovery with adaptive loop gain to overcome channel impairments in 112 Gbit/s CP-QPSK receivers (2010)

The effective loop parameters of digital PLL based clock recovery schemes vary with the degree of impairments in the received signal. We present a novel scheme that guarantees stable PLL design parameters independently of input signal distortions.
Isoniazid (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: Discovery Synthesis Bioavailability Mode of action and selectivity Bacterial resistance Clinical applications Adverse drug reactions Drug interactions Recent developments References
Search for high mass dijet resonances with a new background prediction method in proton-proton collisions at $$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 13 TeV (2020)

A bstract A search for narrow and broad resonances with masses greater than 1.8 TeV decaying to a pair of jets is presented. The search uses proton-proton collision data at $$ \sqrt{s} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msqrt> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> </mml:msqrt> </mml:math> = 13 TeV collected at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb − 1 . The background arising from standard model processes is predicted with the fit method used in previous publications and with a new method. The dijet invariant mass spectrum is well described by both data-driven methods, and no significant evidence for the production of new particles is observed. Model independent upper limits are reported on the production cross sections of narrow resonances, and broad resonances with widths up to 55% of the resonance mass. Limits are presented on the masses of narrow resonances from various models: string resonances, scalar diquarks, axigluons, colorons, excited quarks, color-octet scalars, W′ and Z′ bosons, Randall-Sundrum gravitons, and dark matter mediators. The limits on narrow resonances are improved by 200 to 800 GeV relative to those reported in previous CMS dijet resonance searches. The limits on dark matter mediators are presented as a function of the resonance mass and width, and on the associated coupling strength as a function of the mediator mass. These limits exclude at 95% confidence level a dark matter mediator with a mass of 1.8 TeV and width 1% of its mass or higher, up to one with a mass of 4.8 TeV and a width 45% of its mass or higher.
Fast Prototype-Based Design Approach to Miniaturized LTCC Band-Pass Filters Using Two Reflection Zeros (2006)

A novel prototype-based approach is presented to design LTCC band-pass filters with a passband within two reflection-zero frequencies. The proposed approach derives quite compact formulas for synthesizing a filter prototype to meet the specification requirements in the passband insertion and return losses as well as the stopband attenuation. From the real-time prototype simulation, one can efficiently minimize the filter size under various electrical specifications
Investigation of Radiopharmaceuticals for Pancreatic Imaging: Accumulation of Amines in the Pancreas. (1992)

To develop radiopharmaceuticals for pancreatic imaging, radioiodinated ethyl benzene derivatives containing various functional groups (amino, carboxyl, and methyl groups) were synthesized and the effects of these functional groups were compared in vitro and in vivo. At 2 min after intravenous injection, the amino derivative, 2-(4-iodophenyl)-N,N-dimethyl ethylamine, displayed about twice the pancreatic uptake and a more than 8-fold higher pancreas/liver ratio than the carboxyl and methyl derivatives. This high and selective in vivo accumulation on the amino derivative in the pancreas was well supported by in vitro studies on the uptake by pancreatic tissue slices. The mechanism promoting pancreatic accumulation of radiopharmaceuticals with an amino group is also discussed.
A new framework for performance prediction of advanced MOSFETs with plasma-induced recess structure and latent defect site (2008)

Plasma process-induced recess structure and the latent defect site density are quantitatively evaluated in detail by using optical and electrical methods combined with a classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. A new framework is proposed and demonstrated for predicting the relationship between plasma process parameters and MOSFET performance degradation.
Determination of Protein Structures in Solution Using Nmr Data and Impact (1988)

A new procedure for generating and refining protein structures that satisfy constraints derived from two-di mensional data includes an internal coordinate Monte Carlo search algorithm for conformational sampling and a simple target function with terms for describing the structural information contained in 2-D NMR spectra. Solution structures of the peptide neutrophil defensin NP-5, generated with a metric matrix distance geometry algorithm, are refined with the Monte Carlo procedure, leading to structures with interproton distances that are closer to the bounds observed in the NMR data and have improved local geometry. In model studies, an α- helical peptide is rapidly folded from an extended chain when NMR distance constraints corresponding to an α- helix are used as input parameters. The ab initio folding of NP-5 from an extended chain and possible application to studying protein folding pathways are discussed. Cal culations were carried out with the program package IMPACT (Integrated Modeling Program Using Applied Chemical Theory), under development. An overview of IMPACT is presented.