gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Analytical Model to Predict the Deliverability of a Multiple Fractured Horizontal Well (MFHW) (1998)

Abstract The tight gas resource potential in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin is enormous. To date, however, it remains relatively unexploited and underdeveloped. The use of multiply fractured horizontal wells (MFHW) appears to be the "breakthrough" technology needed to economically exploit reasonably thick tight gas zones with effective in-situ permeabilities between 0.1 mD and 0.005 mD. This exploitation technology is already being applied in Europe and, in a more limited extent, in the U.S. Its application in Canada is currently being tested and/or evaluated by several of the larger majors. (This technology also has the potential for enhancing the deliverability of conventional gas.) An analytical model has been developed to predict the deliverability and production forecast of a multi-fractured horizontal well in a tight gas pool that includes the initial, transient production period. Using the DTC (discounted technical cost) approach to evaluate the economic feasibility of tight gas resources, the majority of the deep, high pressure tight gas evaluated in this study appears to be commercially viable, even at today's gas prices. Advances In Tight Gas Production Technology Historically, the development of tight gas reservoirs has involved drilling vertical wells and hydraulically fracturing them, often with the use of large amounts of proppant. These large fracs are known as massive hydraulic fracs (MHF) and typically involved hundreds of thousands or even millions of pounds of proppant. Quasi government bodies in the United States, such as the Gas Research Institute (GRI) and the Department of Energy (DOE), have been heavily involved in promoting research into the production of tight gas sands (Ref. 1). The GRI and Advanced Resources International (Ref. 2) have highlighted four key new technologies which they believe have the greatest application for the efficient development of tight gas sands: - 3D Seismic - Integrated Approaches to Natural Fracture Detection - Improved Well Completions/Stimulations - Selected Use of Horizontal Wells We believe that multiply fractured horizontal wells (MFHW) is one such technology. Spencer (Ref. 5) surmised that natural fractures played a key role in the production of most tight gas reservoirs so that if the extent and direction of the natural fractures can be predicted and is sufficiently intense and laterally extensive, horizontal and/or multi-lateral wells can be used to promote otherwise uneconomic pay zones. The logical corollary to this is to question whether a network of induced fractures from a horizontal well could be used where the natural fissuring has limited development; and, particularly, where the stress regimes allow the resulting induced fractures to intersect the natural fissuring.
F-1-2 Auto-Configuration Method of Real-Time Network for Distributed Controller (2011)

An auto-configuration method of a real-time network for a distributed controller has been developed in order to reduce user workload in setting identification data (ID) of each slave module included in the controller. This paper presents a tree-topology network via point-to-point connections that is designed to increase the flexibility of the network configuration when applied to high-performance robotic systems. Also presented is an auto-configuration method for ID setting that uses routing data in the tree-topology network. This auto-configuration method has been implemented in field programmable gate array (FPGA) devices of our controller hardware, i.e., master modules and slave modules, in order to realize the auto-configuration function in real systems.
Seawater carbonate chemistry and biological processes of oysters Crassostrea virginica during experiments, 2010 (2010)

Estuarine organisms are exposed to periodic strong fluctuations in seawater pH driven by biological carbon dioxide (CO2) production, which may in the future be further exacerbated by the ocean acidification associated with the global rise in CO2. Calcium carbonate-producing marine species such as mollusks are expected to be vulnerable to acidification of estuarine waters, since elevated CO2 concentration and lower pH lead to a decrease in the degree of saturation of water with respect to calcium carbonate, potentially affecting biomineralization. Our study demonstrates that the increase in CO2 partial pressure (pCO2) in seawater and associated decrease in pH within the environmentally relevant range for estuaries have negative effects on physiology, rates of shell deposition and mechanical properties of the shells of eastern oysters Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin). High CO2 levels (pH ~7.5, pCO2 ~3500 µatm) caused significant increases in juvenile mortality rates and inhibited both shell and soft-body growth compared to the control conditions (pH ~8.2, pCO2 ~380 µatm). Furthermore, elevated CO2 concentrations resulted in higher standard metabolic rates in oyster juveniles, likely due to the higher energy cost of homeostasis. The high CO2 conditions also led to changes in the ultrastructure and mechanical properties of shells, including increased thickness of the calcite laths within the hypostracum and reduced hardness and fracture toughness of the shells, indicating that elevated CO2 levels have negative effects on the biomineralization process. These data strongly suggest that the rise in CO2 can impact physiology and biomineralization in marine calcifiers such as eastern oysters, threatening their survival and potentially leading to profound ecological and economic impacts in estuarine ecosystems.
6.2.2 Prozesstaugliche Plasmadiagnostik auf Basis der Multipol-Resonanz-Sonde (2012)

Die Uberwachung und zielgerichtete Beeinflussung technischer Plasmen erfordert die messtechnische Bestimmung ihrer inneren Zustandsgrosen, vor allem der Elektronendichte und der mittleren Elektronenenergie. Der Begriff „Plasmadiagnostik“ umfasst alle Einrichtungen und Verfahren, die fur eine solche Messung der Zustandsgrosen eines Plasmas herangezogen werden konnen. Von den bekannten Methoden sind jedoch nur wenige fur den Einsatz in einem industriellen Umfeld geeignet. Eine industriekompatible Plasmadiagnostik muss robust und stabil sein, soll eine eindeutige und kalibrationsfreie Auswertung ermoglichen, und darf den zu uberwachenden Prozess weder elektrisch noch chemisch storen. Im Hinblick auf Anschaffung, Unterhalt und Platzbedarf mussen die Kosten vertretbar sein. Im Fall schichtabscheidender Plasmaprozesse sind diese Forderungen besonders schwer zu erfullen. Nahezu alle bekannten Diagnostiken scheiden als ungeeignet aus: Optisch-spektroskopische Verfahren (Optical Emission Spectroscopy, Optical Absorption Spectroscopy) sind zu aufwendig und liefern nur indirekte Aussagen; Massenspektroskopie scheitert an dem unzureichenden Zugang (sowie an den Kosten), konventionelle elektrische Diagnostik (mittels Langmuir-Sonden) wird durch die abgeschiedenen dunnen Schichten erheblich verfalscht. Auch das Plasmametrologieverfahren SEERS (Self Excited Electron Resonance Spectroscopy) ist nicht geeignet, da es eine Hochfrequenzanregung der Plasmen voraussetzt.
Atypical angiopoietin-like protein that regulates ANGPTL3 (2012)

Angiopoietin-like proteins (ANGPTLs) play major roles in the trafficking and metabolism of lipids. Inactivation of ANGPTL3, a gene located in an intron of DOCK7, results in very low levels of LDL-cholesterol (C), HDL-C and triglyceride (TAG). We identified another ANGPTL family member, ANGPTL8, which is located in the corresponding intron of DOCK6. A variant in this family member (rs2278426, R59W) was associated with lower plasma LDL-C and HDL-C levels in three populations. ANGPTL8 is expressed in liver and adipose tissue, and circulates in plasma of humans. Expression of ANGPTL8 was reduced by fasting and increased by refeeding in both mice and humans. To examine the functional relationship between the two ANGPTL family members, we expressed ANGPTL3 at physiological levels alone or together with ANGPTL8 in livers of mice. Plasma TAG level did not change in mice expressing ANGPTL3 alone, whereas coexpression with ANGPTL8 resulted in hypertriglyceridemia, despite a reduction in circulating ANGPTL3. ANGPTL8 coimmunoprecipitated with the N-terminal domain of ANGPTL3 in plasma of these mice. In cultured hepatocytes, ANGPTL8 expression increased the appearance of N-terminal ANGPTL3 in the medium, suggesting ANGPTL8 may activate ANGPTL3. Consistent with this scenario, expression of ANGPTL8 in Angptl3(-/-) mice failed to promote hypertriglyceridemia. Thus, ANGPTL8, a paralog of ANGPTL3 that arose through duplication of an ancestral DOCK gene, regulates postprandial TAG and fatty acid metabolism by controlling activation of its progenitor, and perhaps other ANGPTLs. Inhibition of ANGPTL8 provides a new therapeutic strategy for reducing plasma lipoprotein levels.
On the Evolution of Localized Disturbances and their Spanwise Interactions Leading to Breakdown (2007)

Localized disturbances in a laminar boundary layer represent a more realistic model of transition than the extensively studies, two or quasi three-dimensional perturbations regardless of the fact if they evolve in a linear manner or not. Localized disturbances can originate by surface imperfections, insects or dust. The disturbances can be harmonic (i.e. containing a single frequency and a complete set of spanwise wave numbers) or Pulsed (i.e. containing a band of streamwise and spanwise wave numbers). At sufficiently low amplitudes localized disturbances behave according to a linear stability model. It is highly probably that in a natural transition process such localized disturbances will overslap and interact. These interactions could either delay transition because of a partial wave cancellation resulting in an attenuation of the disturbance, or adversely enhance it by promoting nonlinear interactions. The nonlinearity could be simply amplitude dependent or cause a triad resonance. Nonlinear processes in a wave packet lead to breakdown and to the formation of turbulent spots. When the amplitude of the harmonic disturbance saturates, nonlinear processes widen the band of the lower amplified frequencies adjacent to the frequency of excitation. Experimental results describing the spanwise interactions of harmonic and pulsed localized disturbances leading to breakdown will be presented and discussed. A comparison to the evolution and breakdown of a single localized disturbance will be provided.
Development of cooling control technology by just-in-time modeling for power reduction in large-scale data center (2016)

This study involves the development of a cooling control system utilizing the Just-In-Time (JIT) modeling for the more efficient operation of large-scale data center facilities. In addition, we propose how to control multiple air-conditioning units in order to minimize total power consumption in data center utilizing these predicted data. Data on temperature, humidity and electric power in large-scale data centers were used to generate predicted temperature and humidity for an hour later by JIT modeling. We also estimated the power consumption for air-conditioning units in data center over two months. As a result, it is clear the trend of predicted data is very similar to that of measured one. The accuracy of predicted data utilizing JIT modeling is sufficiently high from the results of calculated correlation coefficient and root mean squared error. The total power consumption for air-conditioning units utilizing proposed control system is found in 6.0% reduction compared with the actually measured data. Since these results were obtained under summer conditions that were the most severe in terms of use of fresh air, further benefits would be expected if a similar study were carried out in other seasons.
A frame timing and carrier frequency synchronization scheme for OFDM using frequency‐shifted signal (2002)

Abstract This paper proposes a scheme for realizing simultaneously frame timing and carrier frequency synchronization in OFDM systems for wireless packet communications. Data symbols, which are frequency shifted by the half of subcarrier spacing based on the pattern of Barker sequence, are utilized as pilot symbols for the synchronization. The reduction of transmission efficiency could be minimized by carrying the data information on the pilot symbols. The performance evaluation by means of computer simulation demonstrates the good characteristics of the proposed system against the small Doppler frequency shift. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 85(10): 74–83, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/ecja.1133
Percutaneous Facet Screw Fixation of Lumbar Spine with CT and Fluoroscopic Guidance: A Feasibility Study (2013)

This feasibility study showed that CT- and fluoroscopy-guided percutaneous facet screw fixation is a rapid, safe, and effective method.
Transformation of immortalized woodchuck hepatic cell lines with the c-Ha-ras proto-oncogene (1996)

Woodchuck hepatocytes were immortalized with the simian virus 40 T antigen (SV40 T-ag) oncogene and utilized in an oncogenic transformation assay. Transfection of these cell lines with an activated C-Ha-ras oncogene (EJ6.6) resulted in the transformation of cells to a phenotype characterized by anchorage-independent growth in soft agar. Colonies of transformed cells were subcloned and up to 80% were positive for oncoprotein expression detected by immunoblot and Northern blot procedures. When compared with the parental cell lines, ras-transformed derivatives were altered both morphologically and in growth rate. The tumorigenic potential of c-Ha-ras transformed cells was demonstrated in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. There was a latency period of 1 to 4 weeks before tumors were detectable and a period of 7 weeks was required for tumors to reach a diameter of 1 cm. Histologically, tumors derived from cell lines fully transformed by the SV40 T-ag had the appearance of well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) while tumors derived from c-Ha-ras transformed cell lines had the appearance of poorly differentiated HCC. The capacity to induce oncogenic transformation events in immortalized woodchuck hepatic cell lines should provide the opportunity to study the cooperative effects of hepadnaviral genes in hepatocarcinogenesis in vitro.
Clinical effectiveness of intermittent infusion hemodiafiltration using backfiltration of ultrapure dialysis fluid compared with predilution on-line hemodiafiltration : a prospective, multicenter, and controlled trial (2015)

透析中の末梢循環障害是正や急激な血圧低下防止を目的に間歇補充型血液透析濾過 (intermittent infusion hemodiafiltration : I-HDF) が考案された. 今回われわれは逆濾過透析液を用いたI-HDFの臨床効果を前希釈法On-line HDF (以下Pre-HDF) と比較するため, 前向き多施設共同臨床研究を実施した. 文書にて同意が得られた患者を同一施設内で2群に割付けし, 並行群間比較を行った. その際, ① 年齢 (±5歳), ② 基礎体重 (±5kg), ③ 糖尿病の有無をマッチングさせ, 36例 (18ペア) を対象とし臨床症状, QOL, 溶質除去などの観点から検証した. その結果, 臨床症状, QOLにおいて両群に有意差は認められなかった. 血液透析からの変更後, I-HDF群, Pre-HDF群とも治療が継続するにつれて収縮期血圧減少率の低下, 処置発生率低下傾向がみられた. また, I-HDFはPre-HDFに比べ中・大分子溶質の除去には劣るもののアルブミン漏出量の少ない溶質除去特性が確認された.
Development of a Compact Synchrotron for Proton Beam Therapy (2016)

This research aims to develop a compact synchrotron dedicated for proton beam therapy using a scanning irradiation method. The effective length and magnetic uniformity of the bending magnets in the synchrotron were analyzed by 3D static magnetic field calculations. The calculation results indicate that the shape of the bending magnet satisfies the specification for beam stability. A push-pull multi-feed driven technique allows shortening the length of the FINEMET RF acceleration cavity for the synchrotron from 600mm to 450mm. The circumference of the synchrotron is 18m, which is the world's most compact size for proton beam therapy.
Occipital Condyle Osteoid Osteoma with Severe Occipital Pain that Disappeared after Surgical Resection. (2015)

Osteoid osteoma is a benign bone tumor characterized by local pain that typically increases at night. The tumor commonly occurs in the long bones of the lower extremities, and in rare instances in cranial bones. Here we report the case of a 25-year-old man diagnosed with an osteoid osteoma of the right occipital condyle. The patient suffered from severe occipital pain in the 3 years leading up to surgery, and the pain disappeared after surgical resection of the tumor. Due caution must be taken to avoid vertebral artery injury in the surgical approach in this region. An intraoperative navigation guidance system and preoperative analysis using three-dimensional reconstructed computed tomography (CT) images improved the accuracy and safety of the resection. The typical pain in osteoid osteoma is presumed to be associated with prostaglandin E2 secretion. Plasma prostaglandin E2 of this patient was elevated preoperatively and normalized after the operation. This is the first report describing an elevation of plasma prostaglandin E2 before surgical resection followed by a normalization of serum prostaglandin E2 after surgical resection.
Decision Directed Scheme for IQ Imbalance Compensation on OFCDM Direct Conversion Receiver (2006)

Recently, the direct conversion scheme has been actively investigated for the purpose of cost miniaturization and low power consumption of wireless receivers. IQ imbalance is one of the problems for the direct conversion receiver. In the direct conversion receiver, a /spl pi//2 phase shifter and a double balance mixer (DBM) for the radio frequency (RF) signal is required. However, it is difficult to obtain the accurate phase shifter and the linear DBM over broad bandwidth. As a result, the balance between in-phase (I) and quadrature-phase (Q) of the demodulated signals may be lost. In the case of OFCDM modulations, this IQ imbalance causes intercarrier interference (ICI) in the demodulated signals. In this paper, the decision directed scheme for IQ imbalance compensation is proposed.
Noninvasive Prediction of Graft-Verus-Host Disease Following Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation by Gene Expression Profiling (2010)

Abstract Abstract 896 Background: Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGvHD) and immunosuppressive medications for its treatment result in significant morbidity and mortality, limiting the clinical benefit of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). A noninvasive, diagnostic and prognostic test is needed to determine which patients have active cGvHD at present and which subset will have active cGvHD in the future. Methods: We performed peripheral blood gene expression profiling to identify an array of transcriptional biomarkers that discriminate presence of active cGvHD requiring immunosuppression following allogeneic HCT. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were prepared by Ficoll gradient and cryopreserved from 63 patients (median age 50 yrs; range 19–64) following allogeneic HCT (median 475 days post-HCT) on an IRB approved protocol. Samples were randomly selected into a training set (23 cGvHD and 19 without cGvHD) and test set (12 cGvHD and 9 without cGvHD) and processed on the Agilent whole human genome 44k microarray platform. Bioinformatics programs including AILUN, GeneSpring, SAM, and PAM were used to select a minimum gene-set (false discovery rate, FDR&lt;5%) to predict cGvHD in the training set. Patient characteristics in the two groups were collected for confounder/interaction analysis across the following parameters: age, gender, disease histology, disease status at HCT, graft source, conditioning regimen, white blood count (WBC) at sample, and follow-up status including relapse and survival. Type, grade, and activity of acute GvHD and cGvHD at time of sample and at most recent follow-up were determined by two independent investigators by standard clinical criteria. Results: There is considerable heterogeneity among cGvHD patients, not attributable to multiple confounding factors, suggesting molecular heterogeneity in the development and progression of cGvHD. A minimum of 10 unique genes selected from SAM and PAM predict active cGvHD at the time of the peripheral blood sample with 95% sensitivity and 78% specificity in the training set, and 75% sensitivity and 78% specificity in the test set. Eight and four of ten genes are enriched in NK and CD4 T cells, respectively, and involved in the IL-10 signaling pathway (p&lt;0.01). The 10 gene-set predicted the presence of active cGvHD at last follow-up (median 849 days post-HCT) with 85% sensitivity and 83% specificity. Conclusion: Peripheral blood gene expression across a 10 gene-set shows strong correlation of the predictive probability of cGvHD and the clinical phenotype. Given reasonable diagnostic sensitivity and specicifity for prediction of future cGvHD, additional longitudinal studies of this cohort and a prospective cohort are underway to further improve the accuracy of this approach and predictive power of this gene-set. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Inhibition of the 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A Reductase Pathway Induces p53-independent Transcriptional Regulation of p21 in Human Prostate Carcinoma Cells (1998)

Progression through the cell cycle is controlled by the induction of cyclins and the activation of cognate cyclin-dependent kinases. The 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor lovastatin induces growth arrest and cell death in certain cancer cell types. We have pursued the mechanism of growth arrest in PC-3-M cells, a p53-null human prostate carcinoma cell line. Lovastatin treatment increased protein and mRNA levels of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21(WAF1/CIP1), increased binding of p21 with Cdk2, markedly inhibited cyclin E- and Cdk2-associated phosphorylation of histone H1 or GST-retinoblastoma protein, enhanced binding of the retinoblastoma protein to the transcription factor E2F-1 in vivo, and induced the activation of a p21 promoter reporter construct. By using p21 promoter deletion constructs, the lovastatin-responsive element was mapped to a region between -93 and -64 relative to the transcription start site. Promoter mutation analysis indicated that the lovastatin-responsive site coincided with the previously identified transforming growth factor-beta-responsive element. These data indicate that in human prostate carcinoma cells an inhibitor of the HMG-CoA reductase pathway can circumvent the loss of wild-type p53 function and induce critical downstream regulatory events leading to transcriptional activation of p21.
Supplementary Table S2 from Genomic Instability and Protumoral Inflammation Are Associated with Primary Resistance to Anti–PD-1 + Antiangiogenesis in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Treatment and dose modifications in patients according to their DCB status.&lt;/p&gt;
Characterization of reactive organometallic species via MicroED (2019)

Here we apply microcrystal electron diffraction (MicroED) to the structural determination of transition metal complexes. We find that the simultaneous use of 300 keV electrons, very low electron doses, and an ultra-sensitive camera allows for the collection of data without cryogenic cooling of the stage. This technique reveals the first crystal structures of the classic zirconocene hydride, colloquially known as “Schwartz’s reagent”, a novel Pd(II) complex not amenable to solution-state NMR or X-ray crystallography, and five other paramagnetic or diamagnetic transition metal complexes.
Covering Prefixes Outbound Route Filter for BGP-4 (2015)

This document defines a new ORF-type, called the "Covering Prefixes ORF (CP-ORF)".The CP-ORF is applicable in the context of a Virtual Hub-and-Spoke VPN.It may also be applicable in other BGP/MPLS VPN environments.