gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recyclability of Heterogeneous Palladium Catalysts for the Dehydrogenation of Aqueous Formic Acid (2018)

Our limited supply of fossil fuels leads to an increasing demand for alternative energy sources. A promising and often considered option is hydrogen, because it is a renewable energy source. However, the storage and transportation of hydrogen is inconvenient, complex, and expensive. In addition to physical storage, hydrogen can be stored chemically so that these challenges are circumvented. One possibility is to use formic acid as a chemical hydrogen carrier, which has a hydrogen content of 4.4 wt.-% [1, 2]. Formic acid can be produced from biomass and it is decomposed to hydrogen and carbon dioxide with high selectivity [3]. Heterogeneous palladium catalysts decompose aqueous formic acid at ambient pressure and temperature, so that hydrogen generated from sustainable formic acid can be used as a renewable energy source [4]. However, during the dehydrogenation of formic acid, a drastic decrease in catalytic activity is observed and active centers of the catalyst become poisoned. For economic reasons, regenerating the deactivated material is crucial. We investigate the decomposition of aqueous formic acid at room temperature, as well as deactivation and reactivation of the catalytic active material with commercial heterogeneous palladium catalysts. In batch-experiments, we determine the gas production rate, the gas composition, and the liquid phase composition in order to determine activity and selectivity of the catalysts. Furthermore, the catalyst is treated at different conditions after each experiment in order to examine the regeneration of the poisoned material. Commercial palladium catalysts have high activity and selectivity for the decomposition of aqueous formic acid to hydrogen and carbon dioxide at room temperature and ambient pressure. Poisoning of the active material leads to a strong decrease in activity so that a regeneration is necessary. Post-treatment of the deactivated palladium shows a regeneration of the catalytic active material and facilitates recycling of the precious metal catalyst.
Polyacrylonitrile-Based Carbonized Fibers and Metal-Carbonized Fiber Nanocomposites for Thermal Transport (2010)

This work examines the fabrication and thermal analysis of metal-carbon composite fibers prepared via an electrospinning process. The metal-carbon composite fibers of silver, copper, gold, and nickel were prepared by electrospinning of a composite solution of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and metal precursor followed by heat treatment in air, nitrogen to 1000 degrees C and in 6% H2, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and Scanning thermal microscopy (SThM) were applied to characterize the metal-carbon fibers. TEM analysis showed a relatively uniform, contact-free distribution of the nanoparticles on the surface of the carbon fibers with size range of 3 nm-10 nm. Thermal analysis data showed an enhancement in the thermal conductivity of the nanomaterials when compared with the model PAN-based carbonized fibers. This was attributed to the incorporation of metal nanoparticles in the fiber matrix and on the surface.
DREAMPlace 2.0: Open-Source GPU-Accelerated Global and Detailed Placement for Large-Scale VLSI Designs (2020)

Modern backend design flow for very-large-scale-integrated (VLSI) circuits consists of many complicated stages and requires long turn-around time. Among these stages, VLSI placement plays a fundamental role in determining the physical locations of standard cells. Due to increasingly large design sizes, placement algorithms usually require long execution time to achieve high-quality solutions. Meanwhile, developing a placer often needs huge coding effort and tedius tuning, raising the bar of further researches. In this work, we present an open-source placement framework, DREAMPlace 2.0 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> , with deep learning toolkit-enabled GPU acceleration for both global and detailed placement optimization to tackle the issues of efficiency and development overhead.
Collaborative channel gain map tracking for cognitive radios (2010)

A collaborative algorithm is developed to track the channel gains from arbitrary positions in a geographical area to each node of a cognitive radio network. Spatio-temporal shadow fading effects are characterized using an experimentally verified spatial loss field model. Kriged Kalman filtering (KKF) is then applied to track the time-varying shadowing field. The proposed KKF algorithm consists of a distributed Kalman filter that estimates the spatio-temporal trend field, and a Kriging interpolator which captures the temporally white yet spatially descriptive component at the individual sensors. Numerical tests demonstrate that the collaborative tracking algorithm outperforms a non-collaborative alternative in terms of mean-square error when applied to a cognitive radio sensing task.
From Structure to Process, From Organ to Cell: Recent Developments of FE-Analysis in Orthopaedic Biomechanics (1993)

The introduction of finite element analysis (FEA) into orthopaedic biomechanics allowed continuum structural analysis of bone and bone-implant composites of complicated shapes (Huiskes and Chao, J. Biomechanics, Vol. 16, 1983, pp. 385-409). However, besides having complicated shapes, musculoskeletal tissues are hierarchical composites with multiple structural levels that adapt to their mechanical environment. Mechanical adaptation influences the success of many orthopaedic treatments, especially total joint replacements. Recent advances in FEA applications have begun to address questions concerning the optimality of bone structure, the processes of bone remodeling, the mechanics of soft hydrated tissues, and the mechanics of tissues down to the microstructural and cell levels. Advances in each of these areas, which have brought FEA from a continuum stress analysis tool to a tool which plays an ever-increasing role in the scientific understanding of tissue structure, adaptation, and the optimal design of orthopaedic implants, are reviewed.
Episodic Curiosity through Reachability (2018)

Rewards are sparse in the real world and most of today's reinforcement learning algorithms struggle with such sparsity. One solution to this problem is to allow the agent to create rewards for itself - thus making rewards dense and more suitable for learning. In particular, inspired by curious behaviour in animals, observing something novel could be rewarded with a bonus. Such bonus is summed up with the real task reward - making it possible for RL algorithms to learn from the combined reward. We propose a new curiosity method which uses episodic memory to form the novelty bonus. To determine the bonus, the current observation is compared with the observations in memory. Crucially, the comparison is done based on how many environment steps it takes to reach the current observation from those in memory - which incorporates rich information about environment dynamics. This allows us to overcome the known couch-potato issues of prior work - when the agent finds a way to instantly gratify itself by exploiting actions which lead to hardly predictable consequences. We test our approach in visually rich 3D environments in ViZDoom, DMLab and MuJoCo. In navigational tasks from ViZDoom and DMLab, our agent outperforms the state-of-the-art curiosity method ICM. In MuJoCo, an ant equipped with our curiosity module learns locomotion out of the first-person-view curiosity only.
Fluorine-substituted ferracyclopentadiene complexes with an unprecedented fluorine bridge between boron and carbon (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFluorine-substituted ferracyclopentadiene complexes with an unprecedented fluorine bridge between boron and carbonChad A. Mirkin, Kuang Lieh Lu, Gregory L. Geoffroy, and Arnold L. RheingoldCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 1, 461–462Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00157a078https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00157a078research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views212Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
A deletion within the murine Werner syndrome helicase induces sensitivity to inhibitors of topoisomerase and loss of cellular proliferative capacity (1998)

Werner syndrome (WS) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by genomic instability and the premature onset of a number of age-related diseases. The gene responsible for WS encodes a member of the RecQ-like subfamily of DNA helicases. Here we show that its murine homologue maps to murine chromosome 8 in a region syntenic with the human WRN gene. We have deleted a segment of this gene and created Wrn-deficient embryonic stem (ES) cells and WS mice. While displaying reduced embryonic survival, live-born WS mice otherwise appear normal during their first year of life. Nonetheless, although several DNA repair systems are apparently intact in homozygous WS ES cells, such cells display a higher mutation rate and are significantly more sensitive to topoisomerase inhibitors (especially camptothecin) than are wild-type ES cells. Furthermore, mouse embryo fibroblasts derived from homozygous WS embryos show premature loss of proliferative capacity. At the molecular level, wild-type, but not mutant, WS protein copurifies through a series of centrifugation and chromatography steps with a multiprotein DNA replication complex.
Inductor design of 20-V boost converter for low power 3D solid state drive with NAND flash memories (2009)

A 3D-integrated Solid State Drive (SSD) with the boost converter can achieve both the low power and the fast write-operation at the small die area of the NAND flash memory. The performance of the boost converter, however, is critically affected by the inductor, because the output voltage of the boost converter, the rising time, and the energy consumption during the boost are determined by the inductor. Therefore, this paper proposes a design methodology of the inductor of the boost converter for the 3D SSD. By using the boost converter with the optimized inductor, the energy during write-operation of the proposed 1.8-V 3D-SSD is decreased by 68% compared with the conventional 3.3-V 3D-SSD with the charge pump.
Object-oriented description of graph data structures (2007)

A solution method for problems of processing graph data structures is presented. This method is based on the use of the specialized language TreeDL and on its extendable compiler. The capabilities of the language and of the compiler exceed the existing solutions, which makes the proposed method more efficient than its analogs.
MO-G-201-01: A Multi-Institutional Study Investigating the Performance of a Knowledge-Based Planning System Against Pinnacle Auto-Planning Engine in SIB-IMRT for the Head-And-Neck Cancer (2016)

Purpose: Knowledge-based Planning (KBP) founded on prior planning experience and Auto-Planning Engine (APE; commercialized in Pinnacle v9.10 TPS) based on progressive optimization algorithm both aim to eliminate the trial-and-error process in radiotherapy inverse planning. This study investigates the performance of the approaches in a multi-institutional setting to evaluate their functionalities in oropharyngeal cancer and offers suggestions how they can be implemented in the clinic. Methods: Radboud University Medical Center (RUMC) provided 35 oropharyngeal cancer patients (SIB-IMRT with two-dose-level prescription: 68 Gy to PTV68 and 50.3 Gy to PTV50.3) with corresponding comparative APE plans. Johns Hopkins University (JHU) contributed to a three-dose-level (70 Gy 63 Gy and 58.1 Gy) plan library for RUMC's patient KBP generation. MedStar Georgetown University Hospital (MGUH) contributed to a KBP approach employing overlap-volume histogram (OVH-KBP) for generating RUMC's patient KBP plans using JHU's plan library. Since both approaches need their own user-defined parameters as initial inputs the first 10 patients were set aside as training set to finalize them. Meanwhile cross-institutional comparisons and adjustments were implemented for investigating institutions’ protocol discrepancies and the approaches’ user-defined parameters were updated accordingly. The finalized parameters were then applied to the remaining 25 patients for OVH-KBP and APE generation. A Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used for statistical comparison with significance level of p<0.05. Results: On average PTV68's V95 was 96.5% in APE plans vs. 97% in OVH-KBP plans (p=0.36); PTV50.3's V95 in APE plans was 97.8% vs.97.6% in OVH-KBP plans (p=0.6); cord's D0.1 cc was 38.6 Gy in OVH-KBP plans vs. 43.7 Gy in APE plans (p=0.0001); mean doses to larynxes oral cavities parotids and submandibular glands were similar with p>0.2. Conclusions: The study demonstrates that KBP and APE can generate plans of comparable quality in a multi-institutional setting. Variations in clinical protocols can be effectively addressed for cross-institutional adaptations. Binbin Wu and Todd McNutt are the co-inventors of a patent associated with the proposed knowledge-based planning system which was licensed to Varian Medical Systems in 2015; This research was in part supported by Philips Radiation Oncology Systems.
AMY: Use your cell phone to create a protected personal network over devices (2011)

We present the design of an apparatus that creates a protected personal communication channel over computer-embedded devices. The prototype implementation of the apparatus demonstrates that it can securely and intuitively link devices with no contact with an online server while imposing low overhead.
Realtime data fusion for climate monitoring, via process trellis (1993)

Climate monitoring projects, typically intended to gather and validate meteorological data and to serve as information frameworks for experiments, often have massive data‐gathering and data‐management requirements. The process trellis is a software architecture that meets these requirements. The trellis imposes a simple and regular organization on a complex, diverse set of parallel processes. The architecture is based on a hierarchical graph of decision processes, reflecting the conceptual hierarchy of the problem domain; all processes in the graph execute continuously and concurrently. The trellis has been implemented in the form of a domain‐independent shell (using the portable coordination language Linda). We describe the trellis structure and address trellis issues that seem particularly relevant to climate monitoring.
Advancing drug discovery for schizophrenia (2011)

Sponsored by the New York Academy of Sciences and with support from the National Institute of Mental Health, the Life Technologies Foundation, and the Josiah Macy Jr. Foundation, "Advancing Drug Discovery for Schizophrenia" was held March 9-11 at the New York Academy of Sciences in New York City. The meeting, comprising individual talks and panel discussions, highlighted basic, clinical, and translational research approaches, all of which contribute to the overarching goal of enhancing the pharmaceutical armamentarium for treating schizophrenia. This report surveys work by the vanguard of schizophrenia research in such topics as genetic and epigenetic approaches; small molecule therapeutics; and the relationships between target genes, neuronal function, and symptoms of schizophrenia.
Sensing whales, storms, ships and earthquakes using an Arctic fibre optic cable (2022)

Our oceans are critical to the health of our planet and its inhabitants. Increasing pressures on our marine environment are triggering an urgent need for continuous and comprehensive monitoring of the oceans and stressors, including anthropogenic activity. Current ocean observational systems are expensive and have limited temporal and spatial coverage. However, there exists a dense network of fibre-optic (FO) telecommunication cables, covering both deep ocean and coastal areas around the globe. FO cables have an untapped potential for advanced acoustic sensing that, with recent technological break-throughs, can now fill many gaps in quantitative ocean monitoring. Here we show for the first time that an advanced distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) interrogator can be used to capture a broad range of acoustic phenomena with unprecedented signal-to-noise ratios and distances. We have detected, tracked, and identified whales, storms, ships, and earthquakes. We live-streamed 250 TB of DAS data from Svalbard to mid-Norway via Uninett's research network over 44 days; a first step towards real-time processing and distribution. Our findings demonstrate the potential for a global Earth-Ocean-Atmosphere-Space DAS monitoring network with multiple applications, e.g. marine mammal forecasting combined with ship tracking, to avoid ship strikes. By including automated processing and fusion with other remote-sensing data (automated identification systems, satellites, etc.), a low-cost ubiquitous real-time monitoring network with vastly improved coverage and resolution is within reach. We anticipate that this is a game-changer in establishing a global observatory for Ocean-Earth sciences that will mitigate current spatial sampling gaps. Our pilot test confirms the viability of this 'cloud-observatory' concept.
Continuous wave and modulation performance of 1550nm band wafer-fused VCSELs with MBE-grown InP-based active region and GaAs-based DBRs (2017)

We report for the first time on wafer-fused InGaAs-InP/AlGaAs-GaAs 1550 nm vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) incorporating a InAlGaAs/InP MQW active region with re-grown tunnel junction sandwiched between top and bottom undoped AlGaAs/GaAs distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) all grown by molecular beam epitaxy. InP-based active region includes seven compressively strained quantum wells (2.8 nm) optimized to provide high differential gain. Devices with this active region demonstrate lasing threshold current &lt; 2.5 mA and output optical power &gt; 2 mW in the temperature range of 10-70&deg;C. The wall-plug efficiency (WPE) value-reaches 20 %. Lasing spectra show single mode CW operation with a longitudinal side mode suppression ratio (SMSR) up to 45 dB at &gt; 2 mW output power. Small signal modulation response measurements show a 3-dB modulation bandwidth of ~ 9 GHz at pump current of 10 mA and a D-factor value of 3 GHz/(mA)<sup>1/2</sup>. Open-eye diagram at 30 Gb/s of standard NRZ is demonstrated. Achieved CW and modulation performance is quite sufficient for fiber to the home (FTTH) applications where very large volumes of low-cost lasers are required.
Emerging Immune-Monitoring System for Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (2022)

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have a major impact on cancer treatment. However, the therapeutic efficacy of ICIs is only effective in some patients. Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), tumor mutation burden (TMB), and high-frequency microsatellite instability (MSI-high) are markers that predict the efficacy of ICIs but are not universally used in many carcinomas. The gut microbiota has received much attention recently because of its potential to have a significant impact on immune cells in the cancer microenvironment. Metabolites of the gut microbiota modulate immunity and have a strong influence on the therapeutic efficacy of ICI. It has been suggested that the gut microbiota may serve as a novel marker to predict the therapeutic efficacy of ICI. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop biomarkers that can predict anti-tumor effects and adverse events, and the study of the gut microbiota is essential in this regard.
Antibody Targeting GRP78 Enhances the Efficacy of Radiation Therapy in Human Glioblastoma and Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Cell Lines and Tumor Models (2016)

<b>Purpose:</b> Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) have poor median survival. NSCLC and GBM overexpress glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78), which has a role in radioresistance and recurrence. In this study, we determined the effect of anti-GRP78 antibody and the combined effect of the anti-GRP78 antibody with ionizing radiation (XRT) on NSCLC and GBM cell lines both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i><b>Experimental Design:</b> NSCLC and GBM cancer cell lines were treated with anti-GRP78 antibodies and evaluated for proliferation, colony formation, cell death, and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling. The efficacy of anti-GRP78 antibodies on tumor growth in combination with XRT was determined <i>in vivo</i> in mouse xenograft models.<b>Results:</b> GBM and NSCLC cells treated with anti-GRP78 antibodies showed attenuated cell proliferation, colony formation, and enhanced apoptosis. GBM and NSCLC cells treated with anti-GRP78 antibodies also showed global suppression of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling. Combining antibody with XRT resulted in significant tumor growth delay in both NSCLC and GBM heterotopic tumor models.<b>Conclusions:</b> Antibodies targeting GRP78 exhibited antitumor activity and enhanced the efficacy of radiation in NSCLC and GBM both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> GRP78 is a promising novel target, and anti-GRP78 antibodies could be used as an effective cancer therapy alone or in combination with XRT. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 23(10); 2556-64. ©2016 AACR</i>.
Luminescence Properties of GaAs Quantum Dot-in-Nanowire Structure for Quantum Photonics (2015)

We investigate light characters of GaAs quantum dot-in-nanowire structure by cathodoluminscence. Exciton intensity of QDs is ~5 times stronger than the nanowire. Promising properties attribute to cavity enhancement and quantum confinement by surrounding AlGaAs barriers.