gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Parametric studies of laser-induced damage (1983)

After more than 15 years of study, bulk laser- induced damage (LID) is still not well understood. A major obstacle to developing models for such damage in highly transparent materials is the lack of a consistent data base for the dependence of LID on such basic parameters as laser wavelength and pulse width. The problems of sample-to-sampie variations and the complex interdependence of the damage thresholds on laser frequency, pulse width, and focal conditions1 make the interpretation of isolated data points difficult.
Theory of Surfactant Aggregation in Water/Ethylene Glycol Mixed Solvents (2000)

The aggregation behavior of surfactants in mixed solvents composed of water and ethylene glycol is predicted using an extension to our theory of aqueous surfactant solutions. The extension accounts for the dependence of (i) the surfactant tail transfer free energy, (ii) the aggregate core-solvent interfacial free energy, and (iii) the headgroup interaction free energy on the composition of the mixed solvent. As the proportion of ethylene glycol in the mixed solvent increases, the model predicts an increase in the critical micelle concentration (cmc), a decrease in the average aggregate size, an increase in the aggregate polydispersity, and a stronger dependence of the average aggregation number on the total surfactant concentration. The model reveals that (a) large values for cmc originate primarily from the smaller magnitude of the surfactant tail transfer free energy in the mixed solvent, (b) the aggregation numbers are small mainly because of the smaller magnitude of the hydrocarbon-mixed solvent interfacial tension, and (c) neither the cmc nor the aggregate size are greatly affected by the lower dielectric constant of the mixed solvent. The predicted aggregation characteristics of cetyl pyridinium bromide, cetyl trimethylammonium bromide, and sodium dodecyl sulfate at various compositions of the mixed solvent are presented for illustrative purposes and are compared with available measurements.
The First Transition Metal Complexes of 15-Membered Triolefinic Macrocycles: (E,E,E)-1,6,11-Tris(arenesulfonyl)-1,6,11-triazacyclopentadeca-3,8,13-triene Complexes of Palladium(0), Platinum(0), and Silver(I) (2001)

(E,E,E)-1,6,11-Tris(arenesulfonyl)-1,6,11-triazacyclopentadeca-3,8,13-trienes (1) form very stable complexes with Pd0 and Pt0, and moderately stable complexes with AgI. The three olefins in the macrocycle are responsible for the complexation. The X-ray structures of two complexes of Pd0 and Pt0 are presented; both complexes are planar trigonal.
State of The Art and Hot Aspects in Cloud DataStorage Security (2013)

Along with the evolution of cloud computing and cloud storage towards matu-rity, researchers have analyzed an increasing range of cloud computing security aspects, data security being an important topic in this area. In this paper, we examine the state of the art in cloud storage security through an overview of selected peer reviewed publications. We address the question of defining cloud storage security and its different aspects, as well as enumerate the main vec-tors of attack on cloud storage. The reviewed papers present techniques for key management and controlled disclosure of encrypted data in cloud storage, while novel ideas regarding secure operations on encrypted data and methods for pro-tection of data in fully virtualized environments provide a glimpse of the toolbox available for securing cloud storage. Finally, new challenges such as emergent government regulation call for solutions to problems that did not receive enough attention in earlier stages of cloud computing, such as for example geographical location of data. The methods presented in the papers selected for this review represent only a small fraction of the wide research effort within cloud storage security. Nevertheless, they serve as an indication of the diversity of problems that are being addressed.
Measurement of mean and variance of velocity fields within each voxel by NMR imaging (1988)

If a flow field exists within an object that is being imaged, there could be a velocity spectrum in each voxel due to the finite voxel size. Consequently, the mean value and the variance of velocity in each voxel can be defined and used to describe the velocity spectrum. An NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) imaging technique for performing the spatially resolved measurement of the mean value and the variance of velocity as well as the conventional spin density is proposed. A theoretical formalism and experimental results are presented and show good agreement. This technique is expected to be useful in the spatially resolved measurement of random directional flow, such as the fluid flow in living tissue and through porous materials.
Abstract C220: Genz-644282, a non-camptothecin topoisomerase one inhibitor, demonstrates a wide spectrum of in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity (2009)

Abstract Genz-644282 (GZ) is a novel non-camptothecin topoisomerase I (Top1) inhibitor. The in vitro and in vivo activity of GZ and its M1 and M2 metabolites were explored and compared with the activity of camptothecin Top1 inhibitors. In vitro in mouse, rat, dog, and human GZ exhibited high metabolic stability, plasma binding of 88–93% and exhibits concentration dependent partitioning into red blood cells. In vivo, GZ has a large volume of distribution and low-to-moderate clearance in mouse, rat and dog. In nude mice, the t1/2 for GZ is 3.6 h (po), 10.4 h (ip) and 5.1h (iv) and longer in tumor-bearing mice. In human HCT-116 colon ca, HT-29 colon ca and NCI-H460 NSCLC cells the concentration response for Genz-6244282, M1 and M2 are the same. Upon 72h exposure of the cells to GZ, M1 or M2 the IC50 concentrations were 0.5-0.65 nM and the IC90 concentrations were 1.8–2 nM. In order to evaluate the antitumor activity of GZ as compared to several approved anticancer agents, the compound was tested in seven xenograft models: LOX-IMVI melanoma, DLD-1 and HCT-15 colon, MDA-MB-231 breast, NCI-H292 and NCI-H1299 lung ca. GZ was compared against two of its metabolites, Genz-649974 (GZ-74) and Genz-649975 in the HCT-116 colon ca resulting in comparable activity with GZ-74. GZ was administered intravenously on a QODx3 schedule for 2 cycles. The tumor growth delay, TGD, (T-C) and increase in lifespan, ILS, (T/C) for each study are listed in the table below. All of the GZ dosages were well tolerated resulting in a maximum body weight loss of ≤20%, except for the high dosages in the HCT-15 and NCI-H292 in which there was a maximum body weight loss of 25.7 and 20.9%, respectively. Based on these findings and other data, GZ was selected to be a development candidate. Treatments Dose (mg/kg/day) Route/Schedule TGD (T-C) ILS (T/C) Tumor Line GZ 1 IV/QODx3 2 days 1.1x for 2 cycles GZ 4 IV/QODx3 25 days 2.8x LOX-IMVI Dacarbazine 90 IP/QDx5 14 days 2.0x GZ 4 IV/QODx3 8 days 1.2x for 2 cycles CPT-11 60 IV/Q4Dx3 5 days 1.1x DLD-1 for 2 cycles GZ 1 IV/QODx3 14 days 1.3x for 2 cycles GZ 2 IV/QODx3 35 days 1.8x HCT-15 for 2 cycles CPT-11 60 IV/Q4Dx3 28 days 1.7x GZ 1 IV/QODx3 21 days 1.7x for 2 cycles GZ 1.36 IV/QODx3 &amp;gt;47 days &amp;gt;2.3x MDA-MB-231 for 2 cycles GZ 1.7 IV/QODx3 35 days 2.0x for 2 cycles Docetaxel 20 IV/QODx3 &amp;gt;47 days &amp;gt;2.3x GZ 1 IV/QODx3 18 days 1.5x for 2 cycles GZ 1.36 IV/QODx3 21 days 1.6x for 2 cycles NCI-H292 GZ 1.7 IV/QODx3 21 days 1.6x for 2 cycles Docetaxel 20 IV/QODx3 39 days 2.1x GZ 1 IV/QODx3 20 days 1.7x for 2 cycles GZ 1.36 IV/QODx3 24 days 1.8x for 2 cycles NCI-H1299 GZ 1.7 IV/QODx3 34 days 2.1x for 2 cycles Docetaxel 20 IV/QODx3 17 days 1.6x GZ-74 4 IV/QODx3 25 days 1.8x for 2 cycles GZ-74 6 IV/QODx3 28 days 1.9x for 2 cycles HCT-116 GZ-74 8 IV/QODx3 32 days 2.0x for 2 cycles GZ 1.7 IV/QODx3 28 days 1.9x for 2 cycles Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2009;8(12 Suppl):C220.
Functional Comparison of Mx1 from Two Different Mouse Species Reveals the Involvement of Loop L4 in the Antiviral Activity against Influenza A Viruses (2015)

Mx proteins are evolutionarily conserved in vertebrates and inhibit a wide range of viruses. Still, the exact details of their antiviral mechanisms remain largely unknown. Functional comparison of the Mx genes from two species that diverged relatively recently in evolution can provide novel insights into these mechanisms. We show that both Mus musculus A2G Mx1 and Mus spretus Mx1 target the influenza virus nucleoprotein. We also found that loop L4 in mouse Mx1 is crucial for its antiviral activity, as was recently reported for primate MxA. This indicates that human and mouse Mx proteins, which have diverged by 75 million years of evolution, recognize and inhibit influenza A viruses by a common mechanism.
Digital pH Test Strips for In-Field pH Monitoring Using Iridium Oxide-Reduced Graphene Oxide Hybrid Thin Films (2016)

While pH test strips are not decimally accurate and only semiquantitative, the more accurate and automated laboratory-based pH meters lack disposability and portability. Benefiting from advantages of both sides and filling the gap of unmet needs in between, we integrated a miniaturized paper-fluidic electrochemical pH platform coupled with a portable pH device powered by consumer batteries to make digital pH test strips for truly in-field measurements. To overcome the inability to form the smooth and uniform pH-sensitive functionality on screen-printed carbon, i.e., anodically electrodeposited iridium oxide thin films (AEIROFs), reduced graphene oxide was used as substrate for synthesis of homogeneous metal oxide–nanocarbon hybrid thin films, IrO2-reduced graphene oxide (IrO2-rGO), as the sensing moiety with strong substrate adhesion. A hydrophobic barrier-patterned paper micropad (μPAD) with programmed flow rates can locally accelerate linear wicking speed to boost delivery and response time. IrO2-rGO shows slightly super-Nernstian linear responses from pH 2 to 12 with small hysteresis, fast response time, reproducible performances, and low sensitivities to interfering ionic species and dissolved oxygen. A miniaturized portable pH device made of high-impedance buffer amplifier and off-the-shelf digital multimeter provides results consistent with those of a commercial pH meter equipped with a glass electrode. Our system combines the accuracy of pH meters with the low-cost and convenience of pH strips, making it ideal for resource-limited settings.
Physical Modeling Of Nanoelectronic Devices (1993)

An analytic model has been developed for nanoelectronic device analysis. Application of the model to determine the channel length limited by the short channel effect is presented. The analysis indicates for L ch ≪ 150nm an alternate source-drain junction design is required for room and low temperature operation.
The Managed Ventricular Pacing™ Versus VVI 40 Pacing (MVP) Trial: Clinical Background, Rationale, Design, and Implementation (2006)

The MVP Trial will meet the clinical need for carefully designed prospective studies to define the benefits of atrial-based dual-chamber minimal ventricular pacing versus single-chamber ventricular pacing in conventional ICD patients.
Selective adenosine A(2a) receptor agonists reduce the apoptosis in an experimental model of spinal cord trauma. (2010)

Adenosine is an important regulator of inflammatory mechanisms. Functional studies indicate a protective effect of adenosine A2A receptor agonists in spinal cord injury (SCI). The basic molecular mechanisms accounting for their protective effects from spinal cord injury have to be fully elucidated. The aim of this study is to evaluate in vivo protection by two selective A2A receptor agonists, 2-[p-(2-carboxyethyl)phenylethylamino]-50-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (CGS 21680, 100 microg/kg) and (4-[3-(6-amino-9-(5-cyclopropylcarbamoyl-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-9H-purin-2-yl)prop-2-ynyl] piperidine-1-carboxylic acid methyl ester) (ATL 313, 3 microg/kg) on the degree of apoptosis, in the experimental model of spinal cord injury. Spinal cord trauma was induced by the application of vascular clips (force of 24 g) to the dura via a four-level T5-T8 laminectomy. Spinal cord trauma in mice was characterised by edema, neutrophilic infiltration and apoptosis. ATL 313, administered by subcutaneously implanted osmotic minipumps after SCI, clearly reduced motor deficit for up to 19 days after operation. The selective A2A receptor agonists ATL 313 and CGS 21680 administered after SCI, reduced tissue damage, TUNEL staining, cytokine (TNF-alpha) expression, Bax, Fas-L and Caspase-3 expression, Annexin-V staining, while increasing Bcl-2 expression. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that treatment with adenosine A2A receptor agonists prevents the apoptotic process that is an important step of secondary damage after SCI.
Transgenic expression of survivin in keratinocytes counteracts UVB-induced apoptosis and cooperates with loss of p53 (2001)

The inhibitor of apoptosis protein survivin has been implicated in both cell cycle control and apoptosis resistance. To discriminate between these different roles, we used transgenic expression of survivin in the skin as a model for cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Transgenic mice expressing survivin under the control of a keratin-14 promoter developed normally, without histologic abnormalities of the skin or hair, epidermal hyperplasia, or developmental abnormalities of basal or suprabasal epidermis. Keratinocyte proliferation assessed under basal conditions, or after ultraviolet-B (UVB) irradiation, or phorbol ester stimulation was unchanged in survivin transgenic mice. In contrast, survivin expression inhibited UVB-induced apoptosis in vitro and in vivo (i.e., sunburn cell formation), whereas it did not affect Fas-induced cell death. When crossed with p53 knockout mice, transgenic expression of survivin in a p53+/– background substituted for the loss of a second p53 allele and further inhibited UVB-induced apoptosis. These data provide the first in vivo evidence that survivin inhibits apoptosis and suggest that this pathway may oppose the elimination of cancerous cells by p53.
Cationic Polymerization with Boron Halides. VIII. Synthesis of (CH3)2C = CHCH2-Polyisobutylene-CI Prepolymer and Subsequent Preparation of (CH3)2C = CHCH2-Poly(isobutylene-

b

-styrene) and (CH3)2C = CHCH2-Poly(isobutylene-

b

-α-methylstyrene) (1980)

Abstract Asymmetric telechelic polyisobutylene, α-PIB-ω), carrying the olefinic head group α = (CH3)2 C[dbnd]CHCH2- and tertiary chlorine endgroup ω = -C(CH3)2Cl has been synthesized by the use of the (CH3)2C[dbnd]CHCH2Cl/BCl3 initiating system. Highest yields were obtained by using methylene chloride diluent at about −50°C. The presence and position of the olefinic head-group was proven by epoxidation/titration and epoxidation/cleavage. The presence and position of a tertiary chlorine endgroup was proven by initiating block polymerization of a second monomer, such as styrene or α-methylstyrene, by using the asymmetric telechelic polyisobutylene prepolymer in conjunction with Et2AlCl coinitiator. According to I/DP versus 1/[M] plots obtained in model block copolymerization experiments, with the use of the tert-BuCl/Et2AlCl initiating system at −30°C, significant chain transfer to monomer occurs during blocking of styrene; however, monomer transfer is negligible during blocking of α-methylstyrene. Thus, under suitable conditions head-functionalized block copolymers (CH3)2C[dbnd]CHCH2-PIB-b-PαMeSt virtually free of homopolymer contaminants can be obtained.
Design goals for a system for enhancing AAC with personalized video (2012)

Enabling end-users of Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) systems to add personalized video content at runtime holds promise for improving communication, but the requirements for such systems are as yet unclear. To explore this issue, we present Vid2Speech, a prototype AAC system for children with complex communication needs (CCN) that uses personalized video to enhance representations of action words. We describe three design goals that guided the integration of personalized video to enhance AAC in our early-stage prototype: 1) Providing social-temporal navigation; 2) Enhancing comprehension; and 3) Enabling customization in real time. Our system concept represents one approach to realizing these goals, however, we contribute the goals and the system as a starting point for future innovations in personalized video-based AAC.
Atténuateur micro-onde réflectif variable basé sur un guide d'onde intégré au substrat chargé de ferrite (2013)

National audience
Improved InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes with a p-GaN/n-GaN/p-GaN/n-GaN/p-GaN current-spreading layer: errata (2013)

The errata consists of the correction to one typo of the reach-through breakdown voltage for each p-GaN/n-GaN/p-GaN junction [Opt. Express 21, 4958-4969 (2013)].
Data from Unexpected Activities in Regulating Ciliation Contribute to Off-target Effects of Targeted Drugs (2023)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;For many tumors, signaling exchanges between cancer cells and other cells in their microenvironment influence overall tumor signaling. Some of these exchanges depend on expression of the primary cilium on nontransformed cell populations, as extracellular ligands including Sonic Hedgehog (SHH), PDGFRα, and others function through receptors spatially localized to cilia. Cell ciliation is regulated by proteins that are themselves therapeutic targets. We investigated whether kinase inhibitors of clinical interest influence ciliation and signaling by proteins with ciliary receptors in cancer and other cilia-relevant disorders, such as polycystic kidney disease (PKD).&lt;/p&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;p&gt;We screened a library of clinical and preclinical kinase inhibitors, identifying drugs that either prevented or induced ciliary disassembly. Specific bioactive protein targets of the drugs were identified by mRNA depletion. Mechanism of action was defined, and activity of select compounds investigated.&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;We identified multiple kinase inhibitors not previously linked to control of ciliation, including sunitinib, erlotinib, and an inhibitor of the innate immune pathway kinase, IRAK4. For all compounds, activity was mediated through regulation of Aurora-A (AURKA) activity. Drugs targeting cilia influenced proximal cellular responses to SHH and PDGFRα. &lt;i&gt;In vivo&lt;/i&gt;, sunitinib durably limited ciliation and cilia-related biological activities in renal cells, renal carcinoma cells, and PKD cysts. Extended analysis of IRAK4 defined a subset of innate immune signaling effectors potently affecting ciliation.&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;These results suggest a paradigm by which targeted drugs may have unexpected off-target effects in heterogeneous cell populations &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; via control of a physical platform for receipt of extracellular ligands.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Genetic and Environmental Influences on Migraine: A Twin Study Across Six Countries (2003)

Migraine is a common neurovascular brain disorder that is manifested in recurrent episodes of disabling headache. The aim of the present study was to compare the prevalence and heritability of migraine across six of the countries that participate in GenomEUtwin project including a total number of 29,717 twin pairs. Migraine was assessed by questionnaires that differed between most countries. It was most prevalent in Danish and Dutch females (32% and 34%, respectively), whereas the lowest prevalence was found in the younger and older Finnish cohorts (13% and 10%, respectively). The estimated genetic variance (heritability) was significant and the same between sexes in all countries. Heritability ranged from 34% to 57%, with lowest estimates in Australia, and highest estimates in the older cohort of Finland, the Netherlands, and Denmark. There was some indication that part of the genetic variance was non-additive, but this was significant in Sweden only. In addition to genetic factors, environmental effects that are non-shared between members of a twin pair contributed to the liability of migraine. After migraine definitions are homogenized among the participating countries, the GenomEUtwin project will provide a powerful resource to identify the genes involved in migraine.
A New Semi-Empirical Temperature Model for the Three Way Catalytic Converter (2015)

This paper proposes a semi-empirical model to predict the temperature of the three-way catalytic converter. The model is derived from the partial differential equations describing the energy balance in the catalyst and it is simplified by lumping the heat produced by the exothermic reactions occurring in the catalyst into a single parameter. This simplification allows the model to be run real time in production vehicles, since no information about the concentration of the chemical species in the exhaust gas is requested as input to the model. The parameters are identified using a particle swarm optimization algorithm. It is shown that the model accurately predicts the system behavior.
Electron cryotomography of intact motile cilia defines the basal body to axoneme transition (2019)

Cells use motile cilia to generate force in the extracellular space. The structure of a cilium can be classified into three subdomains: the intracellular basal body (BB) that templates cilium formation, the extracellular axoneme that generates force, and the transition zone (TZ) that bridges them. While the BB is composed of triplet microtubules (TMTs), the axoneme is composed of doublet microtubules (DMTs), meaning the cilium must convert between different microtubule geometries. Here, we performed electron cryotomography to define this conversion, and our reconstructions reveal identifying structural features of the BB, TZ, and axoneme. Each region is distinct in terms of microtubule number and geometry, microtubule inner proteins, and microtubule linkers. TMT to DMT conversion occurs within the BB, and microtubule geometry changes to axonemal by the end of the TZ, followed by the addition of axoneme-specific components essential for cilium motility. Our results provide the highest-resolution images of the motile cilium to date and reveal how BBs template axonemes.
Incorporation of relative biological effectiveness uncertainties into proton plan robustness evaluation (2017)

A method of incorporating RBE uncertainties into the robustness evaluation has been proposed. By disregarding the variable RBE and its uncertainties, the variation in the RBE-weighted CTV and OAR doses may be underestimated. This could be an essential factor to take into account, especially in normal tissue complication probabilities based comparisons between proton and photon plans.