gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Universal Single-Layer Waveguide Power Divider for Slot Array Antenna Applications (2007)

A novel single-layer power divider realised in rectangular waveguide is proposed and demonstrated. It is composed of three parts: two interdigital sub-sections and an in-phase T-junction power divider. The topology can be used to design feed network having arbitrary specifications on the amplitude and phase distribution. An iterative technique is described to analyse the structure, where the divider is split into basic blocks. Large networks are then easily designed because the whole structure does not need to be simulated. Furthermore, the convergence is fast and five iterations are sufficient to obtain a variation below 0.1%. Experimental results are also presented. The 1:4 sub-section provides equal output power with 0.5 dB of insertion loss. The phase-shift between output ports is close to the specifications of -150deg at 30 GHz, with an error of less than 2deg.
<title>10-inch planar optic display</title> (1996)

A planar optic display (POD) is being built and tested for suitability as a high brightness replacement for the cathode ray tube, (CRT). The POD display technology utilizes a laminated optical waveguide structure which allows a projection type of display to be constructed in a thin (1 to 2 inch) housing. Inherent in the optical waveguide is a black cladding matrix which gives the display a black appearance leading to very high contrast. A digital micromirror device, (DMD) from Texas Instruments is used to create video images in conjunction with a 100 milliwatt green solid state laser. An anamorphic optical system is used to inject light into the POD to form a stigmatic image. In addition to the design of the POD screen, we discuss: image formation, image projection, and optical design constraints.
SENSITIVE AMINO ACID COMPOSITION AND CHIRALITY ANALYSIS WITH THE MARS (2005)

Introduction: Detection of life on Mars requires definition of a suitable biomarker and development of sensitive yet compact instrumentation capable of performing in situ analyses. Our studies are focused on amino acid analysis because amino acids are more resistant to decomposition than other biomolecules, and because amino acid chirality is a well-defined biomarker. Amino acid composition and chirality analysis has been previously demonstrated in the lab using microfabricated capillary electrophoresis (CE) chips [1, 2 ]. To analyze amino acids in the field, we have developed the Mars Organic Analyzer (MOA), a portable analysis system that consists of a compact instrument and a novel multi-layer CE microchip.
Memory-Efficient Semi-Quasi Renormalization for Arithmetic Coding (2007)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> We propose a highly efficient, look-up table-based, renormalization method that can be used by any binary arithmetic encoder with the follow-on procedure. It replaces the time- consuming branching operations in the renormalization process with table look-ups and some simple bit-wise operations. We show that our new renormalization method outperforms the currently used ones with much less memory requirement than the previously known, table-based quasi-coder. </para>
Cold traps as reliable devices for quantitative determination of SARS-CoV-2 load in aerosols (2021)

Spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a demanding challenge. This is of particular importance in schools and public areas of unavoidable access. New viral mutations may increase infectivity and require even better methods to identify areas of potential hazards. High-throughput SARS-CoV-2 testing and legal restrictions are not effective in order to get the current outbreak under control. The occurrence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants with a higher transmissibility requires efficient strategies for early detection and surveillance. Until today, testing focuses on nasal or pharyngeal mucosa swabs, neglecting the origin of aerosolic transmission, thus failing to detect the spread by carriers of the virus. Therefore, in this study, SARS-CoV-2 RNA levels were determined by quantitative real time PCR in aerosols collected by non-powered cold traps. SARS-CoV-2 spreading kinetics were recorded in indoor hotspots within a high-endemic area. These hotspots included a SARS-CoV-2 isolation unit, an outpatient endoscopy facility, a concert hall, and a shopping mall. For determination of viral presence aerosols were collected by cold traps positioned at different locations in the area of interest over a period of 4-6 h. Indoor SARS-CoV-2 hotspots were found in non-ventilated areas and in zones that are predisposed to a buoyancy (chimney) effect. SARS-CoV-2 RNA in those aerosols reached concentrations of 10<sup>5</sup> copies/mL, while extensive outdoor air ventilation reliably eliminated SARS-CoV-2 aerosol contamination. The method presented herein is effective for the identification of SARS-CoV-2 indoor hotspots and may help to characterize the spreading kinetics of SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, it can be used for the surveillance of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. Due to low costs and easy handling, the procedure might enable efficient algorithms for COVID-19 screening and prevention.
Raw Personal Data: Providing Access (2014)

Donors should have access to raw data derived from their contributions to research or clinical repositories to increase personal choice and reciprocity.
Visualization for Casual Debugging and System Awareness in a Ubiquitous Computing Environment (2016)

We describe a visualization of the status of information flow in a ubiquitous computing setting. We explain the semantics of the visualization, and discuss how this display has assisted novice users of our ubicomp environment with debugging and system understanding.
A First-in-Class Inhibitor of ER Coregulator PELP1 Targets ER+ Breast Cancer (2022)

Development of a novel inhibitor of oncogenic PELP1 provides potential therapeutic avenues for treating therapy-resistant, advanced ER+ breast cancer.
The role of spinal neuropeptides and prostaglandins in opioid physical dependence (2002)

This study examined the role of spinal calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), substance P, and prostaglandins in the development and expression of opioid physical dependence. Administration of escalating doses (5 - 100 mg kg-1, i.p.) of morphine for 7 days markedly elevated CGRP and substance P- immunoreactivity in the dorsal horn of the rat spinal cord. Naloxone (2 mg kg-1, i.p.) challenge decreased both CGRP and substance P immunoreactivity and precipitated a robust withdrawal syndrome. Acute intrathecal pre-treatment with a CGRP receptor antagonist, CGRP(8 - 37) (4, 8 microg), a substance P receptor antagonist, SR 140333 (1.4, 2.8 microg), a cyclo-oxygenase (COX) inhibitor, ketorolac (30, 45 microg), and COX-2 selective inhibitors, DuP 697 (10, 30 microg) and nimesulide (30 microg), 30 min before naloxone challenge, partially attenuated the symptoms of morphine withdrawal. CGRP(8 - 37) (8 microg), but no other agents, inhibited the decrease in CGRP immunoreactivity. Chronic intrathecal treatment with CGRP(8 - 37) (4, 8 microg), SR 140333 (1.4 microg), ketorolac (15, 30 microg), DuP 697 (10, 30micro g), and nimesulide (30 microg), delivered with daily morphine injection significantly attenuated both the symptoms of withdrawal and the decrease in CGRP but not substance P immunoreactivity. The results of this study suggest that activation of CGRP and substance P receptors, at the spinal level, contributes to the induction and expression of opioid physical dependence and that this activity may be partially expressed through the intermediary actions of prostaglandins.
Aberrant promoter methylation profile of prostate cancers and its relationship to clinicopathological features. (2002)

Our results indicate that the methylation profile of prostate cancers correlates with clinicopathological features of poor prognosis.
Modelling and design of quantum dot cellular automata (1998)

Research aimed at design of electronic computers that contain nano-size components has been developing very rapidly. In this work we study the quantum dot cellular automata (QCA) by the full Schrödinger equation in which the antisymmetric property of the many-electron state is included. We have concluded that because of the quantum wave characteristics, a localized electronic state appears only at very high gate voltages in a dual-gate Si quantum dot structure. The Coulomb exchange interaction due to the wave function overlapping between two electrons reduces the total energy of the electron pair. These two factors must be carefully studied for a functional QCA.
Wavelet decomposition based representation of nonlinear color transformations and comparison with sequential linear interpolation (2002)

A wavelet decomposition based surface compression technique to represent the forward transformation for a color printer is presented. The method creates a multi-scale grid structure for a given maximum pointwise error threshold. The error performance, the memory requirement, and the computational cost of this technique are compared with those of minimax sequential linear interpolation (SLI) and minimum mean-squared (MMSE) SLI.
CHENONCEAU: towards a novel mesoscopic (100/200μm) post-mortem human brain MRI atlas at 11.7T (2019)

International audience
Morphological study of Ag, In, Sb, and Bi overlayers on GaAs(100) (1990)

We have used ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy to study the morphology of the nonreactive materials In, Ag, Sb, and Bi deposited on the GaAs(100) surface. The attenuation of the substrate core levels and the electronic structure of the overlayers yield information on the growth modes and others properties of these interfaces. We find that in all cases the behavior is significantly different from the growth on the more heavily studied (110) surface. In the case of In, we observe isolated In atoms in between large clusters, while on the (110) surface, only strong clustering is observed. Ag forms a larger number of small clusters compared to the (110) surface. This indicates that the mobility of small Ag clusters is lower, and/or the number of nucleation sites is greater on our (100) surfaces. Both Sb and Bi grow in more laminar modes, as opposed to the Stranski–Krastanov mode observed on (110). The Sb film is found to be closer to perfectly laminar. After annealing at 250 °C for 10 min, the Bi film is found to cluster heavily except for a strongly bound single layer. In addition, the resulting Sb thin film is semiconducting up to a thickness of about 100 Å, while the Bi film appears to be semimetallic even at relatively low coverages. We find that the clean surface Fermi level is roughly 0.5 eV from the valence band maximum. However, we will concentrate on the growth mode of the overlayer. Band bending issues will be discussed elsewhere.
Three-dimensional plasmonic perovskite particle laser (2023)

Surface plasmon polariton (SPP) lasers have so far relied on metallic substrates. Here, we report a three-dimensional (3D) plasmonic particle laser using gold coating on lead halide perovskite crystals as small as 620 nm in size. Upon optical pumping, SPP modes are strongly confined along the particle edges with high Purcell enhancement in room conditions. Lasing of metal-coated plasmonic laser particles in live cells is demonstrated.
Synthesis of C2-symmetric aza- and azaoxa-macrocyclic ligands derived from (1R,2R)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane and their applications in catalysis (2003)

Investigations have been undertaken into the synthesis of chiral derivatives of 1,4,7-triazacyclononane and 1,7-diaza-4-oxacyclononane that incorporate the C2-symmetric (R,R)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane backbone. The target ligands 17a and 17b have been prepared as their hydrochloride salts, the latter of which has been characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction revealing an extensively hydrogen bonded polymeric network in the solid state. These investigations have shown that the formation of the fused bicyclic system in these ligands via standard Richman–Atkins macrocyclisation conditions is extremely difficult, particularly for the intermediate 16a, when three tosyl amide nitrogen atoms must be accommodated in the macrocyclic ring. In addition to these target ligands the unexpected piperazine 15 as well as the novel binucleating ligand 19 have also been prepared. Preliminary investigation into the coordination chemistry of 17b resulted in the formation of the copper(II) complex [Cu(17b)Cl2] in which the copper centre exists in the expected square-pyramidal geometry with the two chloride ions and the nitrogen donors occupying the equatorial positions and with the oxygen donor apically situated. The complex has been screened for activity and found to be a potent catalyst for two hetero-Diels–Alder reactions. The first aza-Diels–Alder reaction of imine 20 with Danishefsky's diene 21 proceeds to yield the cycloadduct 22 in 94% yield. The second nitroso-Diels–Alder reaction relies on the in situ oxidation of hydroxylamine 23 to dienophile 24, catalysed by the complex in the presence of tert-butyl hydroperoxide, which is then trapped as cycloadduct 25 by cyclohexadiene in 69% yield.
Dispersively Detected Pauli Spin-Blockade in a Silicon Nanowire Field-Effect Transistor (2015)

We report the dispersive readout of the spin state of a double quantum dot formed at the corner states of a silicon nanowire field-effect transistor. Two face-to-face top-gate electrodes allow us to independently tune the charge occupation of the quantum dot system down to the few-electron limit. We measure the charge stability of the double quantum dot in DC transport as well as dispersively via in situ gate-based radio frequency reflectometry, where one top-gate electrode is connected to a resonator. The latter removes the need for external charge sensors in quantum computing architectures and provides a compact way to readout the dispersive shift caused by changes in the quantum capacitance during inter-dot charge transitions. Here, we observe Pauli spin-blockade in the high-frequency response of the circuit at finite magnetic fields between singlet and triplet states. The blockade is lifted at higher magnetic fields when intra-dot triplet states become the ground state configuration. A line shape analysis of the dispersive phase shift reveals furthermore an intra-dot valley-orbit splitting Δvo of 145 μeV. Our results open up the possibility to operate compact complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology as a singlet-triplet qubit and make split-gate silicon nanowire architectures an ideal candidate for the study of spin dynamics.
Viruses and Type 1 Diabetes: Focus on the Enteroviruses (2013)

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is one of the most common chronic diseases in developed countries and represents about 10% of all cases of diabetes. It is caused by a selective destruction of insulin-producing β cells in the pancreas. The disease has two subtypes: 1A, which includes the common, immune-mediated forms of the disease; and 1B, which includes nonimmune forms. In this review, we focus on subtype 1A, which for simplicity will be referred to as type 1 diabetes. [81, 34]. An increasing incidence rate of T1D has been observed for the last few decades especially in young individuals (less than five years old) [163]. The cause of T1D is still unknown. Several factors interact and lead to the development of the disease. An inflammatory islet infiltrate (insulitis) can be observed at the symptomatic onset of T1D, and reflects the immune response to β-cells [45]. T1D is an autoimmune disease, which implies a role of immune response effectors in the pathogenic processes and a failure of tolerance to‐ wards β-cell antigens.The susceptibility to T1D is influenced by genetic factors. More than 20 loci in addition to those located in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II locus (es‐ pecially DQ and DR) on chromosome 6 are involved. Another contribution to the pathogen‐ esis of the disease could rely on epigenetic modifications (such as DNA methylation) and parent-of-origin effects [11]. Genetic modifications in the population cannot explain the rap‐ idly increased incidence of T1D in most populations. Altogether, the incidence variation from one season to another, the relationship between immigration and disease develop‐ ment, and the differences in incidence in different parts of the world in neighboring popula‐ tions with similar genetic profiles, suggest that the disease is a result of interaction of genetic and environmental factors [94].
Characterization of Primary Carrier Transport Properties of the Light-Harvesting Chalcopyrite Semiconductors CuIn(S1–xSex)2 (2017)

We report the carrier transport properties of CuIn(S1–xSex)2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1), a promising chalcopyrite semiconductor series for solar water splitting. A low concentration Mg dopant is used to decrease the carrier resistivity through facilitating bulk p-type transport at ambient temperature. Temperature-dependent resistivity measurements reveal a four-order magnitude decrease in bulk electrical resistivity (from 103 to 10–1 Ohm cm) for 1% Mg-doped CuIn(S1–xSex)2 as x increases from 0 to 1. Hall effect measurements at room temperature reveal p-type majority carrier concentrations that vary from 1015 to 1018 cm–3 and mobilities of approximately 1–10 cm2 V–1 s–1. These results provide insights into the fundamental carrier transport properties of CuIn(S1–xSex)2 and will be of value in optimizing these materials further for photoelectrochemistry applications.
Recent progress in therapeutic angiogenesis. (2007)

Coronary artery disease and peripheral arterial disease are devastating status of acute vessel occlusion in diseased vessels that are already narrowed enough by atherosclerotic process. People are now focused on therapeutic angiogenesis against the ischemic diseases, to supply and growth of new vessels into the ischemic tissue. Recently, we and others performed autologous transplantation of bone marrow mononuclear cell or endothelial progenitor cell and gene therapy using hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in clinical trials. Autologous implantation of bone marrow mononuclear cells or endothelial progenitor cells in ischemic limb or heart may induce blood flow and improve function in several pilot clinical studies. The regenerative potential of bone-marrow cells can be explained by any of four mechanisms, transdiffentiaion, cytokine-induced growth, stimulation of endogenous stem cells, and induction of cell fusion. Transdifferentiaion has been described by previous investigators and the concept has been called into question by recent experimental studies. In the pilot clinical study, similar improvements were seen in gene therapy using HGF in peripheral arterial diseases which might be more noninvasive. The clinical significance of the novel therapeutic approach might embrace the large number of patients with peripheral arterial diseases and with chronic coronary artery disease. And we need to figure out the strong angiogenic factor or specific differentiated progenitor cells for therapeutic angiogenesis in the study of bone marrow cell therapy. For the patients, we need to constitute a safe and effective strategy for achievement of therapeutic angiogenesis.
A novel hybrid of 6-chlorotacrine and metal–amyloid-β modulator for inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and metal-induced amyloid-β aggregation (2013)

The number of people suffering from Alzheimer's disease (AD) is expected to increase dramatically in the coming decades. Currently, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEis) provide some relief of cognitive symptoms, while newer approaches, such as amyloid-β (Aβ)-targeted metal chelation, offer potential hope for slowing and/or reversing disease progression. This work details the synthesis and biochemical evaluation of a novel hybrid of 6-chlorotacrine and a metal–Aβ modulator that chemically combines an AChEi and an Aβ-targeted metal chelator into a single molecule. This hybrid shows potent inhibition of AChE under various conditions, interaction with Cu2+ and Zn2+, control of metal-free and metal-induced Aβ aggregate assembly, and disaggregation of preformed metal-free and metal-associated Aβ aggregates. As such, the hybrid described herein represents a promising, new multifunctional compound for AD studies.
Novel All-Optical Diode Based on Single-Port and Four-Port Photonic Crystal Cavities (2018)

All-optical diode using single-port and four-port photonic crystal cavities is proposed. The backward transmission less than -30 dB is achievable for any input power, while the forward transmission reaches 40 % without magneto-optical materials.
Electron Beam Welding of a Depleted Uranium Alloy to Niobium Using a Calibrated Electron Beam Power Density Distribution (2000)

Electron beam test welds were made joining flat plates of commercially pure niobium to a uranium-6wt%Nb (binary) alloy. The welding parameters and joint design were specifically developed to minimize mixing of the niobium with the U-6%Nb alloy. A Modified Faraday Cup (MFC) technique using computer-assisted tomography was employed to determine the precise power distribution of the electron beam so that the welding parameters could be directly transferred to other welding machines and/or to other facilities.
Contractility Rate Responsive Pacemaker: An Important Step Toward an Artificial Sinus Node for Severe Chronotropic Incompetence (2000)

source of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) a and the possibility of endotoxin P134/9924 Epidemiology and impact of intraventricular translocation across the bowel wall during episodes of oedema.conduction delay in heart failure patients Methods: We studied 48 patients (39 male; aged 45.3 (SD 14) years) with severe end stage heart failure requiring implantation of a left ventricular assist device as a bridge to transplantation.Cytokines were measured in all surviving patients preoperatively, at 1 week (n = 46), 40 days (n = 35) and 90 days (n = 26).
Synthesis of 4,4′-Disubstituted Azepines via Ring-Closing Metathesis Reaction and Asymmetric Arylation of Lactones (2006)

The syntheses of the title compounds were accomplished via ail original sequence of reactions including the ring-closing metathesis of co-dienes by using the second-generation Grubbs' catalyst. The chiral diene precursors are available in racemic or optically enriched form from the corresponding alpha,alpha'-disubstituted lactones derivatives.
Der optimale Molekülsatz für Screening‐Anwendungen: eine Synthesestrategie (2007)

Abstract Die Entwicklung von niedermolekularen Sonden und Wirkstoffen umfasst mindestens drei Phasen: 1) eine Auffindungsphase, die oft die Synthese und das Screening von Wirkstoffkandidaten erfordert, 2) eine Optimierungsphase, die die Synthese und Analyse von Strukturvarianten erfordert, und 3) eine Produktionsphase, die eine effiziente Synthese der optimierten molekularen Sonde oder des optimierten Wirkstoffs erfordert. Der Einsatz spezialisierter Projektgruppen hat oft zur Folge, dass die einzelnen Stufen ohne vorherige Koordination der Aktivitäten ausgeführt werden; so können z. B. vertraglich gebundene (“outgesourcte”) Chemiker in der ersten Stufe und unternehmensinterne Medizinal‐ und Prozesschemiker in den zweiten bzw. dritten Stufen eingesetzt werden. Eine koordinierte Planung im Vorfeld der ersten Screens findet oft nicht statt, und jede der Projektgruppen kann auf einen Flaschenhals stoßen, den man bei vorheriger Planung im Prinzip hätte vermeiden können. Die Herausforderung besteht deshalb darin, eine neue Art von Chemie zu entwickeln, die eine für ein Screening geeignete Sammlung biologisch aktiver Moleküle hervorbringt, die in allen drei Phasen der Sonden‐ oder Wirkstoffentwicklung eine erhöhte Erfolgswahrscheinlichkeit haben. Bis dahin ist es ein weiter Weg, erste Fortschritte sind aber zu verzeichnen. In diesem Kurzaufsatz fassen wir eine neuartige Strategie zur diversitätsorientierten Synthese niedermolekularer Verbindungen zusammen, die das Potenzial hat, diese Herausforderungen zu meistern.