gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High chi block copolymer DSA to improve pattern quality for FinFET device fabrication (2016)

Directed self-assembly (DSA) with block-copolymers (BCP) is a promising lithography extension technique to scale below 30nm pitch with 193i lithography. Continued scaling toward 20nm pitch or below will require material system improvements from PS-b-PMMA. Pattern quality for DSA features, such as line edge roughness (LER), line width roughness (LWR), size uniformity, and placement, is key to DSA manufacturability. In this work, we demonstrate finFET devices fabricated with DSA-patterned fins and compare several BCP systems for continued pitch scaling. Organic-organic high chi BCPs at 24nm and 21nm pitches show improved low to mid-frequency LER/LWR after pattern transfer.
VOI-aware MCTS (2012)

UCT, a state-of-the art algorithm for Monte Carlo tree search (MCTS) in games and Markov decision processes, is based on UCB1, a sampling policy for the Multi-armed Bandit problem (MAB) that minimizes the cumulative regret. However, search differs from MAB in that in MCTS it is usually only the final arm pull (the actual move selection) that collects a reward, rather than all arm pulls. In this paper, an MCTS sampling policy based on Value of Information (VOI) estimates of rollouts is suggested. Empirical evaluation of the policy and comparison to UCB1 and UCT is performed on random MAB instances as well as on Computer Go.
Correction to Biobased n-Butanol Prepared from Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate: Optimization of the Reduction of n-Butyl Crotonate to n-Butanol (2015)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionNEXTORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionCorrection to Biobased n-Butanol Prepared from Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate: Optimization of the Reduction of n-Butyl Crotonate to n-ButanolDirk Schweitzer, Charles A. Mullen*, Akwasi A. Boateng, and Kristi D. SnellCite this: Org. Process Res. Dev. 2015, 19, 8, 1072Publication Date (Web):August 13, 2015Publication History Published online13 August 2015Published inissue 21 August 2015https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.oprd.5b00258https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.oprd.5b00258correctionACS PublicationsCopyright © 2015 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views355Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (113 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
De novo generation of the NPM-ALK fusion recapitulates the pleiotropic phenotypes of ALK+ ALCL pathogenesis and reveals the ROR2 receptor as target for tumor cells (2022)

In this study, ab initio modeling of the ALK+ ALCL chromosomal translocation in mature T lymphocytes enabled the identification of new therapeutic targets. As ROR2 targeting approaches for other cancers are under development (including lung and ovarian tumors), our findings suggest that ALK+ ALCL cases with resistance to current therapies may also benefit from ROR2 targeting strategies.
Temperature dependent investigation of carrier transport, injection, and densities in 808 nm AlGaAs multi-quantum-well active layers for VCSELs (2014)

The electro-optical efficiency of semiconductor vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) strongly depends on the efficient carrier injection into the quantum wells (QWs) in the laser active region. However, carrier injection degrades with increasing temperature which limits the VCSEL performance particularly in high power applications where self heating imposes high temperatures in operation. By simulation we investigate the transport of charge carriers in 808 nm AlGaAs multi-quantum-well active layers with special attention to the temperature dependence of carrier injection into the QWs. Experimental reference data was extracted from oxide-confined, top-emitting VCSELs. The transport simulations follow a drift-diffusion-model complemented by a customized, energy-resolved, semi-classical carrier capture theory. QW gain was calculated in the screened Hartree-Fock approximation with band structures from 8x8 k.p-theory. Using the gain data and by setting losses and the optical confinement factor according to experimental reference results, the appropriate threshold condition and threshold carrier densities in the QWs for a VCSEL are established in simulation for all transport considerations. With the combination of gain and transport model, we can explain experimental reference data for the injection efficiency and threshold current density. Our simulations show that the decreasing injection efficiency with temperature is not solely due to increased thermionic escape of carriers from the QWs. Carrier injection is also hampered by state filling in the QWs initiated from higher threshold carrier densities with temperature. Consequently, VCSEL properties not directly related to the active layer design like optical out-coupling or internal losses link the temperature dependent carrier injection to VCSEL mirror design.
Multiscale thermoelectric imaging for fast metrology and manipulation (2009)

The latest scanning probe technology permits the same probe tip to carry out all of the imaging, characterization and manipulation operations. This multifunctional capability assists in a wide variety of applications, but low endurance and speed continue to be important problems to solve. We decouple the imaging and manipulation aspects of a probe device by implementing a thermoelectric imaging mode that functions entirely out of contact. In this new “off-contact mode,” speeds can be accelerated up to two orders of magnitude relative to typical scanning probe microscopy scan speeds without damaging the probe tip. Combined with the nanoscale resolution provided by the tip while in contact, a single scanning probe can perform imaging and manipulation with multiscale resolution.
Reduced Fitness of HIV-1 Resistant to Cxcr4 Antagonists (2003)

HIV-1 strains with a syncytium-inducing phenotype that use CXCR4 (X4 strains) have been associated with faster disease progression and AIDS. Antiviral agents designed to block CXCR4 may prevent the emergence of X4 HIV strains but resistant strains that maintain the X4 phenotype can be raised by sequential passage in cell cultures. We have demonstrated that a laboratory adapted strain (NL4-3) and a cloned clinical isolate (CI-1) of HIV-1 cultured in the presence of the CXCR4 antagonist, AMD3100, became resistant to the compound without a change in co-receptor use. These strains became resistant through divergence with respect to the wild-type virus. Conversely, a clinical isolate made resistant to AMD3100 switched co-receptor use from X4 to R5 through a change in diversity from the original virus population. When dual infection competition/heteroduplex tracking assays were performed, all AMD3100-resistant strains, regardless of co-receptor use showed a significantly diminished fitness compared with the wild-type virus. Single virus infections, at a similar multiplicity of infection, also indicated that the wild-type strains possess better replicative ability than their corresponding resistant strains. Thus, viral resistance development to a CXCR4 antagonist such as AMD3100 is associated with reduced viral fitness.
fMRI TIMECOURSE OF CBV AND CBF DURING SSEP (1997)

Marota, J JA; Mandeville, J B; Ayata, C; Kosofsky, B E; Weisskoff, R M; Moskowitz, M; Rosen, B R Author Information
Peripheral injection of growth hormone stimulates protein intake in aged male and female Lou rats (1999)

It is well established that growth hormone (GH) induces growth rate and food efficiency and stimulates protein accretion in young mammals. Senescence is characterized by metabolic and hormonal disorders, particularly a decrease in protein turnover, which could be correlated to a decrease in GH and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) secretion. We have shown that body weight, protein intake, and IGF-I plasma levels are greatly decreased with aging in Lou/C rats, particularly in males. In order to specify the GH effect on protein intake during aging, males and females (6, 19, and 24 mo) placed on a self-selection regimen were injected daily with a physiological dose of human GH (0.023 mg/rat sc). No GH effect on caloric intake was observed. Nevertheless, GH treatment stimulated body weight in older rats. It also increased protein intake in females and older males (19-24 mo). This stimulating effect was positively correlated with the degree of weight loss in senescent rats, suggesting that the decrease in protein intake observed with aging could be a marker of senescence.
An extended x-ray absorption fine structure study on the morphology change of ruthenium catalyst by carbon monoxide adsorption (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAn extended x-ray absorption fine structure study on the morphology change of ruthenium catalyst by carbon monoxide adsorptionTakanori. Mizushima, Kazuyuki. Tohji, and Yasuo. UdagawaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 13, 4459–4460Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1988https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00221a082RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views80Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (314 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Demonstration of time interweaved photonic four-channelWDMsampler for hybrid analogue-digital converter (1999)

An experimental demonstration of a novel photonic sampler for a hybrid analogue-digital converter based on time interweaved wavelength channels is described. The technique uses a single modelocked laser to produce multiple wavelength channels where the wavelength channels are time interweaved to form a pulsed optical carrier for signal sampling.
Twenty‐four‐hour rhythm of ocular perfusion pressure in non‐arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy (2014)

The physiological nocturnal rhythm of OPP was maintained in 45% of the NAAION patients. The nocturnal reduction in OPP seen in 20% of the patients was within the range of OPP where optic nerve blood flow autoregulation is still fully operative. A high prevalence of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome in our population (71%) may explain the low frequency of systemic nocturnal hypotension.
Robust and Sensitive Video Motion Detection for Sleep Analysis (2013)

In this paper, we propose a camera-based system combining video motion detection, motion estimation, and texture analysis with machine learning for sleep analysis. The system is robust to time-varying illumination conditions while using standard camera and infrared illumination hardware. We tested the system for periodic limb movement (PLM) detection during sleep, using EMG signals as a reference. We evaluated the motion detection performance both per frame and with respect to movement event classification relevant for PLM detection. The Matthews correlation coefficient improved by a factor of 2, compared to a state-of-the-art motion detection method, while sensitivity and specificity increased with 45% and 15%, respectively. Movement event classification improved by a factor of 6 and 3 in constant and highly varying lighting conditions, respectively. On 11 PLM patient test sequences, the proposed system achieved a 100% accurate PLM index (PLMI) score with a slight temporal misalignment of the starting time (<1 s) regarding one movement. We conclude that camera-based PLM detection during sleep is feasible and can give an indication of the PLMI score.
Anti-LOX-1 therapy in rats with diabetes and dyslipidemia: ablation of renal vascular and epithelial manifestations (2007)

LOX-1 is a multifunctional membrane receptor that binds and internalizes oxidized LDL (oxLDL). We tested the hypothesis that blockade of LOX-1 with an anti-LOX-1 antibody limits nephropathy in male rats with diabetes and dyslipidemia (ZS rats; F(1) hybrid product of Zucker fatty diabetic rats and spontaneous hypertensive heart failure rats). Lean ZS rats were controls, while untreated obese ZS (OM), ZS obese rats injected with nonspecific rabbit IgG (OM-IgG; 2 microg intravenous injection given weekly), and obese ZS rats given anti-LOX-1 rabbit antibody (OM-Ab; 2 microg intravenous injection given weekly) were the experimental groups. The rats were treated from 6 to 21 wk of age. All obese groups had severe dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia. Kidneys of obese rats expressed LOX-1 in capillaries and tubules, were larger, accumulated lipid, had intense oxidative stress, leukocyte infiltration, depressed mitochondrial enzyme level and function, and peritubular fibrosis (all P < 0.05 vs. lean ZS rats). Injections with LOX-1 antibody limited these abnormalities (P < 0.01 vs. data in OM or OM-lgG rats). In vitro, renal epithelial LOX-1 expression was verified in a cultured proximal tubule cell line. Our study indicates that anti-LOX-1 (vascular and epithelial) therapy may effectively reverse critical pathogenic elements of nephropathy in diabetes and dyslipidemia.
Establishing Linkages Among DNA Damage, Mutagenesis, and Genetic Diseases (2022)

DNA damage by chemicals, radiation, or oxidative stress leads to a mutational spectrum, which is complex because it is determined in part by lesion structure, the DNA sequence context of the lesion, lesion repair kinetics, and the type of cells in which the lesion is replicated. Accumulation of mutations may give rise to genetic diseases such as cancer and therefore understanding the process underlying mutagenesis is of immense importance to preserve human health. Chemical or physical agents that cause cancer often leave their mutational fingerprints, which can be used to back-calculate the molecular events that led to disease. To make a clear link between DNA lesion structure and the mutations a given lesion induces, the field of single-lesion mutagenesis was developed. In the last three decades this area of research has seen much growth in several directions, which we attempt to describe in this Perspective.
ChemInform Abstract: Anchimeric Assistance in the Rearrangement of Dichloro‐3‐methyl‐1,4‐oxathianes to 2‐Chloromethyl Dihydro‐1,4‐oxathiins. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Pancreas-after-kidney transplantation: an increasingly attractive alternative to simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation (2004)

Newer immunosuppressive regimens allow PAK transplant patients to achieve immunologic outcomes similar to SPK transplant patients. Although the shorter waiting time and the ability to use living-donor kidneys make PAK an increasingly attractive alternative to SPK transplantation, its effect on renal allograft function deserves further attention.
Additional file 3: of QQ-SNV: single nucleotide variant detection at low frequency by comparing the quality quantiles (2015)

Supporting evidence for stability of coefficients in the QQ-SNV companion logistic regression recalibration model. (PDF 6 kb)
Optical properties of gallium arsenide-based self-assembled quantum dots and quantum dot lasers. (2002)

Three-dimensional confinement of carriers eliminates the problem of thermal spreading of carriers observed in higher-dimensional systems. Uniform self-assembled quantum dots (QDs) are obtained using the spontaneous islanding of highly strained III-V semiconductors grown with standard epitaxy. Visible stimulated emission has been obtained with red-emitting AlInAs QDs in AlGaAs barriers. Continuous (CW) threshold current densities below 100A/cm2 have been measured at low temperatures and QD material gain larger than 1.7 x 104 cm-1 demonstrate good material quality. Room temperature lasing has also been observed for higher threshold current densities. For longer wavelengths where the thermionic emission problem is less important, InAs/GaAs lasers can operate at room temperature for current densities below ∼100A/cm2 for wavelengths around 950 nm. The zero-dimensional transitions between confined electrons and holes in artificial atoms allow the observation of state-filling at relatively low level of material excitation. Lasing is observed in the upper QD shells for small gain media, and progress towards the QD ground states for longer cavity lengths. Gain may also be increased by including multiple layers of QDs in the active region. To understand the shell structure of AlInAs/AlGaAs QDs, we present results of interband spectroscopy of single Al0.36In0.64As/Al 0.33Ga0.67As self-assembled QDs. The single dot spectroscopy has been carried out at low temperature as a function of the excitation power and magnetic field up to 8 T. The emission spectra as a function of excitation power show two distinct groups of transitions which we associate with the recombination from ground and excited QD levels with a spacing of ∼70 meV. The application of magnetic field allows to identify the exciton emission as well as the emission from the bi-exciton, and charged exciton complexes with binding energies of ∼5 meV. The binding energies compare favorably with results of calculations. Artificial molecules are studied using coupled QD ensembles and single QD spectroscopy. The coupling between the zero-dimensional states is varied by changing the distance between two layers of stacked InAs/GaAs QDs. Energy level splitting larger than 30 meV of the symmetric and anti-symmetric states of the lowest confined shell are measured and are compared to theory.
Magnetic field measurements in wirearray Z-pinches (2006)

Summary form only given. Understanding the evolution of the magnetic field topology and magnitude in the high energy density plasmas produced by wire-array Z-pinches is of critical importance for their ultimate application to stockpile stewardship and inertial confinement fusion. A method to determine the magnetic field profile in megampere level wire-array Z-pinches with high spatial and temporal resolution has not yet been developed. An ideal method would be passive and non-perturbing, such as Faraday rotation of laser light or emission spectroscopy. However, Faraday rotation measurements in Z-pinches suffer from severe practical difficulties, including, for example, the fact that there are large density gradients and the plasma appears to develop magnetohydrodynamic turbulence. A technique to measure the magnetic field in high energy density plasmas using magnetic (CoPt) thin films has already been developed. However this technique had insufficient time resolution. Therefore, we are developing a method based on Faraday rotation through a sensing waveguide placed in the vicinity of, and eventually in, a wire-array Z-pinch. We present preliminary theoretical and experimental results. Our ideal device is a "thin film waveguide" coupled to an optical fiber system. While these sensing devices may not survive for long in a dense Z-pinch, they may provide useful information for a significant fraction of the current pulse
Participation of R Croatia in international projects on validation of cytogenetic endpoints as cancer risk biomarkers (2002)

In 1998 the Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health (IMI) and Croatian National Cancer Register started a collaboration on HUman MicroNucleus Collaborative project (HUMN). The aim of the project is standardization of in vitro and in vivo micornucleus assay and the validation of micronucleus as the biomarker of increased health risk for cancer development. The principal investigator is Michael Fenech (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Adelide, Australia). For the past four years, a database of results has been assembled from 25 laboratories all over the world and the criteria for the detection of micornuclei standardized. The current objective of the project is to evaluate the role of micornucleus frequency in peripheral blood lymphocytes as a cancer risk biomarker. Crucial for this purpose is the collaboration between cytogenetic laboratories and cancer registries. The second international project based on the collaboration between Croatian National Cancer Registry and IMI was a project co-ordinated by International Agency on Research of Cancer that started in 2000 as a pilot study for the evaluation of cancer risk prediction using another genotoxicological method, that is chromosome aberration assay. The results of both on going projects confirm the quality of Croatian data and the performance of both methods as well as the significiance of collaboration between basic scientists and epidemiologists. R Croatia has prooved an equal partner in international scientific projects of health risk assessment for cancer prevention.
Internet resources for mass spectrometry (1999)

The growth of the worldwide collection of computer networks known as the Internet has led to a rapid increase in the quantity and variety of information available to scientists in mass spectrometry. It is now possible to learn about the latest mass spectrometric techniques, compare the capabilities of commercial instruments and participate in discussion with colleagues from around the world without ever leaving one's desk. The challenge that comes with the Internet information explosion is to learn how to navigate the various areas of the Internet and fully utilize these new information sources. It is also important to know how and where to find the most reliable information on a medium where quality cannot always be assured. The purpose of this paper is to provide a listing and brief discussion of on-line resources available for mass spectrometry. World Wide Web sites are tabulated for search pages, index pages for mass spectrometry research groups and companies, mass spectrometry societies, local discussion groups, journals and software. Usenet newsgroups and electronic mailing lists of interest to mass spectrometrists are listed and discussed. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.