gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Kinetics of Formic Acid Decomposition in Subcritical and Supercritical Water - A Raman Spectroscopic Study (2019)

The decomposition of formic acid is studied in a continuous sub- or supercritical water reactor at temperatures between 300 and 430°C, a pressure of 25 MPa, residence times between 4 and 65 s, and a feedstock concentration of 3.6 wt%. In-situ Raman spectroscopy is used to produce real-time data and accurately quantify decomposition product yields of H2, CO2, and CO. Collected spectra are used to determine global decomposition rates and kinetic rates for individual reaction pathways. First-order global Arrhenius parameters are determined as log A (s-1) = 1.6 ± 0.20 and EA = 9.5 ± 0.55 kcal/mol for subcritical decomposition, and log A (s-1) = 12.56 ± 1.96 and EA = 41.90 ± 6.08 kcal/mol for supercritical decomposition. Subcritical and supercritical Arrhenius parameters for individual pathways are proposed. The variance in rate parameters is likely due to changing thermophysical properties of water across the critical point. There is strong evidence for a surface catalyzed free-radical mechanism responsible for rapid decomposition above the critical point, facilitated by low density at supercritical conditions.
Improving methods and processes for the development of safety-critical automotive embedded systems (2010)

Electronic Control Units (ECUs) are implemented nowadays in safety-critical applications such as battery management or power control systems for hybrid vehicles. In this context, a critical product failure can harm people, environment or property and has therefore to be avoided. The challenge during the design of such components is to improve and guarantee the product quality while keeping flexibility for different variants and minimizing the development costs. We present in this paper first results of the newly started MEPAS project. The focus is set on improvements regarding requirements engineering as well as regarding the development of safety-relevant automotive embedded systems in the context of ISO 26262.
Actin Depletion Initiates Events Leading to Granule Secretion at the Immunological Synapse (2015)

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) use polarized secretion to rapidly destroy virally infected and tumor cells. To understand the temporal relationships between key events leading to secretion, we used high-resolution 4D imaging. CTLs approached targets with actin-rich projections at the leading edge, creating an initially actin-enriched contact with rearward-flowing actin. Within 1 min, cortical actin reduced across the synapse, T cell receptors (TCRs) clustered centrally to form the central supramolecular activation cluster (cSMAC), and centrosome polarization began. Granules clustered around the moving centrosome within 2.5 min and reached the synapse after 6 min. TCR-bearing intracellular vesicles were delivered to the cSMAC as the centrosome docked. We found that the centrosome and granules were delivered to an area of membrane with reduced cortical actin density and phospholipid PIP2. These data resolve the temporal order of events during synapse maturation in 4D and reveal a critical role for actin depletion in regulating secretion.
Filamin-actin interaction. Dissociation of binding from gelation by Ca2+-activated proteolysis. (1978)

Chicken gizzard filamin has been digested with purified Ca2+-activated protease. The subunits of (Mr = 250,000) of the protein are cleaved asymmetrically into two fragments, heavy merofilamin, Mr = 240,000, and light merofilamin, Mr = 9,500. Digestion is complete at substrate to enzyme ratios of 100:1 and requires Ca2+ concentrations in excess of 0.3 mM. Heavy merofilamin binds to F-actin as evidenced by cosedimentation with F-actin, by direct observation under the electron microscope, and by its ability to inhibit actin activation of heavy meromyosin ATPase. Heavy merofilamin does not form a gel when mixed with actin, except at very low concentrations of KCl. Thus, actin binding and gelation are separable activities of filamin. We speculate that Ca2+-stimulated proteolysis may play a role in the regulation of actin-filamin interactions.
Supplementary Table 3 from Cancer-Related Epigenome Changes Associated with Reprogramming to Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (2023)

Supplementary Table 3 from Cancer-Related Epigenome Changes Associated with Reprogramming to Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Measurement of the Hanle Effect for the OH Radical (1969)

We have used the coincidence of the Zn I 3072.06 \AA{} line with the ${R}_{12}(1)$ line of the (0, 0) band in the OH $A^{2}\ensuremath{\Sigma}^{+}\ensuremath{-}X^{2}\ensuremath{\Pi}$ ultraviolet system to perform a measurement of the molecular Hanle effect on the ${K}^{\ensuremath{'}}=2$, ${J}^{\ensuremath{'}}=\frac{3}{2}$ rotational level of the excited state. The OH was formed by the reaction H + N${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ \ensuremath{\rightarrow} OH + NO, and the Hanle linewidth is extrapolated to zero pressure of ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ and N${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$. The half-width is found to be 258 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 36 mG and the pressure broadening of the linewidth corresponds to 13 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 7 mG/m Torr of N${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ pressure and 5.2 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.8 mG/m Torr of ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ pressure. This linewidth gives a value of $g\ensuremath{\tau}=(2.20\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.27)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}7}$ sec for this excited state of the OH molecule.
Sequentially timed all-optical mapping photography boosted by a branched 4f system with a slicing mirror (2020)

We present sequentially timed all-optical mapping photography (STAMP) with a slicing mirror in a branched 4f system for an increased number of frames without sacrificing pixel resolution. The branched 4f system spectrally separates the laser light path into multiple paths by the slicing mirror placed in the Fourier plane. Fabricated by an ultra-precision end milling process, the slicing mirror has 18 mirror facets of differing mirror angles. We used the boosted STAMP to observe dynamics of laser ablation with two image sensors which captured 18 subsequent frames at a frame rate of 126 billion frames per second, demonstrating this technique's potential for imaging unexplored ultrafast non-repetitive phenomena.
Call Admission Control for Interactive Multimedia in 5G Networks (2021)

Emerging interactive multimedia applications such as VR have some key requirements that communication medium must full fill in order to have a smooth experience. These requirements include higher uplink and down throughput requirement, low latency, and consistent throughput even at the cell edge. Present day 5G Network faces a lack of resource availability for highly sophisticated applications like interactive multimedia. This work proposes a call admission control scheme so that the overall necessary resource allocation for interactive multimedia and noninteractive applications can occur. The scheme uses mobile agents to gather the resource requirement of the applications from the various servers on various customer sites periodically and use this information to selectively offloading of non interactive traffic to alternate available links whenever such a link is available meet interactive applications traffic requirements. The developed scheme has been tested with different sizes of the 5G networks with several virtual reality users along with other background loads of applications. Results are quite encouraging and the system is practically implementable.
Induction of Cytotoxic Oxidative Stress by d -Alanine in Brain Tumor Cells Expressing Rhodotorula gracilis d -Amino Acid Oxidase: A Cancer Gene Therapy Strategy (1998)

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in the stereoselective deamination of d-amino acids catalyzed by d-amino acid oxidase (DAAO). H2O2 readily crosses cellular membranes and damages DNA, proteins, and lipids. The scarcity of DAAO substrates in mammalian organisms and its co-localization with catalase in the peroxisomal matrix suggested that the cytotoxicity of ROS could be harnessed by administration of d-amino acids to tumor cells ectopically expressing DAAO in the cytoplasm. To evaluate this hypothesis, the cDNA encoding the highly active DAAO from the red yeast Rhodotorula gracilis was mutated to remove the carboxy-terminal peroxisomal targeting sequence. A clonal line of 9L glioma cells stably transfected with this construct (9Ldaao17) was found to synthesize active R. gracilis DAAO. Exposure of 9Ldaao17 cells to d-alanine resulted in cytotoxicity at concentrations that were nontoxic to parental 9L cells. Depletion of cellular glutathione further sensitized 9Ldaao17 cells to d-alanine (d-Ala). This result, combined with stimulation of pentose phosphate pathway activity and the production of extracellular H2O2 by 9Ldaao17 cells incubated with d-alanine implicates oxidative stress as the mediator of cytotoxicity. These results demonstrate that expression of R. gracilis DAAO in tumor cells confers chemosensitivity to d-alanine that could be exploited as a novel cancer gene therapy paradigm. Gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (GDEPT) is an antineoplastic treatment strategy designed to overcome the systemic toxicity of chemotherapy by specifically expressing a foreign enzyme in malignant cells that converts a nontoxic prodrug into a cytotoxic metabolite. The relative inefficiency of current in situ gene transfer methodology suggests that enzyme/prodrug combinations that produce membrane permeable metabolites will elicit a more favorable therapeutic response. Ideally, the agent produced by the transduced cell “factories” would be cytotoxic toward both proliferating and quiescent cells. We describe a novel GDEPT approach using d-amino acid oxidase from the red yeast Rhodotorula gracilis and d-alanine as a substrate that generates hydrogen peroxide, a reactive metabolite of oxygen that has both these characteristics. We also demonstrate the ability to sensitize tumor cells to this GDEPT protocol by manipulating cellular antioxidant pathways.
5-Aminolevulinic acid induces permanent acceptance of murine cardiac allografts via induction of regulator dendritic cells and expansion of alloantigen-specific Tregs. (P2176) (2013)

Abstract 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), an intermediate in heme synthesis is fundamentally important in aerobic energy metabolism. Hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) cleaves heme to form biliverdin, carbon monoxide (CO) and iron (Fe2+), and the pathway is accelerated by 5-ALA. In the present study, we examined the effects of 5-ALA on the maturation and function of dendritic cells (DCs), a potent class of APCs, and the downstream cell-cell mediating immunosuppressive activity. 5-ALA inhibited LPS-stimulated maturation of murine bone marrow DCs in vitro as reflected by reduced expression of MHC class-II (I-A/I-E), co-stimulatory molecules (CD80, CD40) and proinflammatory cytokines, IFN-g, IL-12 mRNA expression. In mixed cultures, DCs pretreated with 5-ALA impaired the proliferation of allogeneic T cells while promoting the expansion of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs). Using an in vitro mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR) assay system, we found that the DCs pretreated with 5-ALA have more regulatory function to suppress the both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells proliferation. Furthermore, 5-ALA treatment impaired T cells proliferation in response to alloantigens and increased Tregs, resulting in permanent acceptance of murine cardiac allografts. Thus we conclude that 5-ALA triggers a tolerogenic state in DCs that allows increasing alloantigen-specific Tregs and the suppression of allograft rejection in vivo.
Photomixing Optical-Microwave Transformer Coupled with High-TC Josephson Junctions. (2003)

A new type of optical-microwave conversion system has been developed as an interface between optical systems and high-speed electric circuits. The microwave was generated by mixing two optical beams in a photodiode and radiated from a rod antenna, which was placed beside a high-Tc grain boundary Josephson junction detector. Since frequencies of radiated microwaves correspond to the frequency differences between the two optical beams, the wavelength information of the beams is reflected in the current-voltage and differential resistance-voltage properties of the Josephson junction. System operation up to 20 GHz was demonstrated by changing the wavelength of the two beams and the temperature of the Josephson junction. The relation between the frequency differences and measured Shapiro step intervals suggests that the system can be utilized for a highly sensitive optical-microwave conversion.
Aesthetic quality inference for online fashion shopping (2014)

On-line fashion communities in which participants post photos of personal fashion items for viewing and possible purchase by others are becoming increasingly popular. Generally, these photos are taken by individuals who have no training in photography with low-cost mobile phone cameras. It is desired that photos of the products have high aesthetic quality to improve the users’ online shopping experience. In this work, we design features for aesthetic quality inference in the context of online fashion shopping. Psychophysical experiments are conducted to construct a database of the photos’ aesthetic evaluation, specifically for photos from an online fashion shopping website. We then extract both generic low-level features and high-level image attributes to represent the aesthetic quality. Using a support vector machine framework, we train a predictor of the aesthetic quality rating based on the feature vector. Experimental results validate the efficacy of our approach. Metadata such as the product type are also used to further improve the result.
Research Update: Enabling ultra-thin lightweight structures: Microsandwich structures with microlattice cores (2015)

We achieve the benefits of large-scale structural hierarchy at the micro-scale by utilizing a self-propagating photopolymer waveguide process to form ultra-thin sandwich structures. A single step forms the microlattice sandwich core and bonds the core to both facesheets, minimizing adhesive mass and manufacturing time, with core thicknesses &amp;lt;2 mm, facesheet thicknesses ranging from 12.7 to 300 μm, areal densities 0.030–0.041 g cm−2, and flexural rigidity per unit width up to 0.62 Nm. This work extends the lightweighting benefit of sandwich structures to lower thicknesses and areal densities that were previously the exclusive domain of monolithic materials.
Evaluation of standard treatments for managing adult Japanese patients with inadequately controlled moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis: Two‐year data from the ADDRESS‐J disease registry (2022)

Atopic dermatitis (AD), a chronic relapsing inflammatory skin disease with a high disease burden, is one of the most common dermatological conditions in Japan. Herein, we report the disease profiles and current AD treatment during 2-year management of Japanese adults with moderate-to-severe AD. ADDRESS-J was a prospective, longitudinal, observational study that evaluated real-world effectiveness and safety of current AD treatments of adult patients with moderate-to-severe AD (Investigator's Global Assessment score 3 or 4) in Japan. The maximum follow-up period was 2 years. Among 300 patients enrolled, 288 had ≥1 post-baseline evaluation and were analyzed (mean age, 35.5 years; 60.1% male). Almost all patients (99.7%) received topical therapy; the most commonly used therapy was topical corticosteroids of the second-highest potency (86.5%) (e.g., 0.1% mometasone furoate) followed by medium-potency topical corticosteroids (50.3%) (e.g., 0.05% clobetasol butyrate). At month 12 of the study, 10.4% of patients had Investigator's Global Assessment 0/1, similarly at month 24 (10.8%). A total of 132 patients (45.8%) had ≥1 AD flare-up during the observation period, with the majority of first flares occurring within the first year of the study. Various physician- and patient-reported outcomes improved considerably during the first 3 months of the study, with only minor changes after this time. In this cohort, 16.7% of patients had skin infections requiring treatment; 7.3% had adverse events (AE) potentially related to treatment; 1.7% had serious AE; and 1.0% had treatment discontinuations due to AE. Limitations include missing data at later timepoints and the inclusion criteria limiting generalizability. In summary, this analysis of the ADDRESS-J study showed that some patients with moderate or severe AD respond to conventional therapies, while others do not. For those with inadequately controlled moderate-to-severe AD, the newly emerged systemic agents, such as biologics, may provide a potential strategy for long-term disease management.
Partially Prealloyed Steel Powder Containing Nickel and Molybdenum for Ultrahigh Strength Sintered Materials (1991)

(1991). Partially Prealloyed Steel Powder Containing Nickel and Molybdenum for Ultrahigh Strength Sintered Materials. Powder Metallurgy: Vol. 34, No. 3, pp. 212-214.
Rapamycin Eye Drops Suppress Lacrimal Gland Inflammation In a Murine Model of Sjögren's Syndrome (2017)

Our findings suggest that topical rapamycin reduces autoimmune-mediated lacrimal gland inflammation while improving ocular surface integrity and tear secretion, and thus has potential for treating Sjögren's syndrome-associated dry eye.
Phase transitions and chemical transformations of benzene up to 550 °C and 30 GPa (1993)

The phase diagram of benzene has been investigated up to 550 °C and 30 GPa in a diamond anvil cell by Raman scattering. A new triple point at 400 °C and 5 GPa and a new phase of solid benzene, called phase IV, have been located at high temperature. The boundaries have been determined between the following solid phases: (i) benzene II and benzene III; (ii) benzene III and benzene III′. The irreversible chemical transformation line of benzene has been determined and can be divided in three parts leading to three different recovered compounds. The P–T diagram obtained by our experimental results is discussed in comparison with published works.
Fabrication and Characteristics of 2‐Acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanesulfonic Acid‐Doped Polyaniline Hollow Fibers (2003)

Polyaniline:2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanesulfonic acid has been wet‐spun to yield hollow fibers using dichloroacetic acid as the solvent. The fibers have excellent circular cross‐sections and good surface morphology, as can be seen from the Figure. The permeability of the fibers, as suitable for gas separation, has been assessed.
Wireless sensing – enabler of future wireless technologies (2021)

Withthe completion of the 5G standardization efforts, the wireless communication world has now turned tothe road ahead, the future wireless communication visions. One common vision is that future networks will be flexible,or able to accommodate an even richer variety of services with stringent, often conflicting requirements. This ambitiousfeat can only be accomplished with a ubiquitous awareness of the radio and physical environment. To this end, thispaper highlights the importance of wireless sensing as a means for radio environment awareness and surveys wirelesssensing methods under different domains. Then, a review of wireless sensing from a standardization perspective is given.These standardization efforts will provide the initial landscape upon which research into future wireless sensing methodswill be built upon. Therefore, the paper is concluded by outlining imperative standardization requirements and futuredirections in wireless sensing.
Discussing gene-gene interaction: Warning — translating equations to English may result in Jabberwocky (2007)

Interest in mapping susceptibility alleles for complex diseases, which do not follow a classic single-gene segregation pattern, has driven interest in methods that account for, or use information from one locus when mapping another. Our discussion group examined methods related to epistasis or gene x gene interaction. The goal of modeling gene x gene interaction varied across groups; some papers tried to detect gene x gene interaction while others tried to exploit it to map genes. Most of the 10 papers summarized here applied newly created or newly modified statistical methods related to gene x gene interaction, while two groups primarily examined computational issues. As is often the case, comparisons are complicated by little overlap in the data used across the papers, and further complicated by the fact that the available data may not have been ideal for some gene x gene interaction methods. However, the main difficulty in comparing and contrasting methods across the papers is the lack of a consistent statistical definition of gene x gene interaction. But despite these issues, two clear trends emerged across the analyses: First, the methods for quantitative trait gene x gene interaction appeared to perform very well, even in families initially ascertained as affected sib pairs; and second, dichotomous trait gene x gene interaction methods failed to produce consistent results. The difficulty of using (primarily) affected sib pair data in a gene x gene interaction analysis is explored.
AUTOMOTIVE COLLISION AVOIDANCE SYSTEM FIELD OPERATIONAL TEST PROGRAM : MULTI-SENSOR FUSION FOR COLLISION AVOIDANCE (2002)

This paper describes a data fusion architecture and system for fusing multiple sensor information for automotive applications, specifically adaptive cruise control and forward collision warning applications. Both of these applications rely on accurate detection of vehicles that are in the forward path of the host-vehicle. This in turn requires accurate estimation of forward road geometry and host vehicle state. Information about road geometry in the forward path of an automobile can be obtained by using a variety of sensors such as gyro, camera GPS, etc. To reduce uncertainty as well as handle missing and/or incomplete data from single sensor systems, one approach is to combine information from multiple redundant and/or complementary sensors. We describe the interface and system for fusing multi-sensor information from gyro, radar, vision, and GPS to provide robust and accurate host vehicle path and state estimation. The core fusion algorithm is based on a Kalman filter and a module that determines the information value of a sensor prior to the fusion step. This paper also describes a novel road model that is superior to a conventional single-clothoid road model as it produces smaller road geometry estimation errors especially during sharp transitions in road curvature. The data fusion software operates at 10 Hz rate on a 266 MHz PC 104 platform. We will also describe results of performance evaluation of the data fusion system
Visual IoT: Ultra-Low-Power Processing Architectures and Implications (2017)

Visual IoT is a rapidly growing usage based on rich visual sensing, processing, and analytics. One approach for addressing visual IoT challenges is to move some computation closer to the edge device where data is captured. This article begins with a description of three key implications in ultra-low-power visual edge processing: the data footprint is constrained due to SRAM power, the available power-efficient computation is limited, and the ability to process large-scale data is challenging. To explore suitable approaches, the authors review three case studies: small-scale visual recognition for digits and characters, medium-scale visual recognition for hand gestures, and large-scale visual processing requiring video summarization. They show that co-designing algorithms and architectures for ultra-low-power processing in edge devices helps address the key challenges.