gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Screening Spring Wheat for Midge Resistance in Relation to Ferulic Acid Content (2001)

The concentration of ferulic acid (FA), the major phenolic acid in the wheat kernel, was found to differ significantly in the mature grain of six wheat cultivars known to have a range of tolerance to the orange wheat blossom midge (Sitodiplosis mosellana). Differences in FA content were correlated with floret infestation level of the cultivars. The wheat cultivars ranked similarly in FA content at the four locations where they were tested, despite a significant effect of environment. Ferulic acid was synthesized mainly during the early stages of grain filling but at different rates among cultivars. Ferulic acid was concentrated primarily in the shorts and bran fractions in an insoluble-bound form. A high correlation was obtained between FA contents as determined by GLC, fluorometry, UV, and colorimetry. The colorimetric procedure was modified as a qualitative, simple, and rapid test for identifying midge-resistant wheat and evaluated in several field trials. The method should provide a rapid tool in the preliminary screening of experimental lines in the development of midge-resistant wheat cultivars.
Unlocking Tertiary Acids for Metallaphotoredox C(sp2)-C(sp3) Decarboxylative Cross-Couplings (2023)

Dual nickel photoredox catalysis conditions have been developed for the decarboxylative cross-coupling of aryl halides and carboxylic acids containing fully substituted alpha carbons, a valuable but challenging substrate class for C(sp2)–C(sp3) bond-forming reactions. High-throughput experimentation identified Ni(TMHD)2 as the optimal precatalyst for this reaction in contrast to the nickel-bipyridyl complexes typically employed in decarboxylative couplings, which predominantly furnished undesired C–O products. Computational work provides insight into the potential mechanistic underpinnings for the C–C vs. C–O selectivity for the nickel-diketonate complex.
Towards electrical testable SOI devices using Directed Self-Assembly for fin formation (2014)

The first fully integrated SOI device using 42nm-pitch directed self-assembly (DSA) process for fin formation has been demonstrated in a 300mm pilot line environment. Two major issues were observed and resolved in the fin formation process. The cause of the issues and process optimization are discussed. The DSA device shows comparable yield with slight short channel degradation which is a result of a large fin CD when compared to the devices made by baseline process. LER/LWR analysis through the DSA process implied that the 42nm-pitch DSA process may not have reached the thermodynamic equilibrium. Here, we also show preliminary results from using scatterometry to detect DSA defects before removing one of the blocks in BCP.
The ODAC Chronicles: Part 7. Tale of two goals (2005)

As I read the school paper (many years ago), I wondered whether my classmates knew better than I what the future held. The prophecies they had written for our high school class included one where I...
Highly sensitive detection technique of buried defects in extreme ultraviolet masks using at-wavelength scanning dark-field microscopy (2005)

A technique to probe defects buried inside extreme ultraviolet (EUV) masks has been implemented using a dark-field microscopy detection setup. Specific samples have been fabricated to evaluate the sensitivity of this technique. They consist of silicon oxide gratings of a few nanometers height, coated with 40 layer pairs of molybdenum–silicon. We observed images with a good contrast on samples with defects as low as 3nm. However, the imaging mechanism of scanning dark-field microscopy is not linear and can produce image distortions. Conditions of correct imaging have been analyzed, and simulations have been performed that show good agreement with the experimental data. This work opens the way for a better understanding of the capability of at-wavelength inspection technique for EUV mask.
Using An Exponential Equation to Describe Adsorption/Desorption Processes of Water on Composite Soil at Constant Pressure (2003)

Using the assumption that adsorption as a function of time may be expressed by an exponential equation, viz. ΔM = g + he −t/τ , it is possible to obtain the amount of water vapour adsorbed by a composite soil without waiting for equilibrium, which usually takes a long time. Given the experimental data for the amounts adsorbed versus time, one can determine g, h and τ, together with the amounts adsorbed at equilibrium by extrapolating the above equation to t → ∞. It is also possible to calculate the error trends in these parameters as a function of time by comparing the values at time t with those obtained for the longest experimental time. The error trends of the equation with time arise from the comparison of the experimental values with those predicted by the exponential equation. We have discovered that although different lengths of time are necessary for different pressures, generally a time between 1.5τ and 2τ is sufficient to obtain reliable results with errors less than 5%. We have also found that this equation describes the desorption process as well.
Reliability test of popular fractal techniques applied to small two-dimensional self-affine data sets (1994)

The fractal dimensions of five fractional Brownian motion (fBm) surfaces of 257×257 pixel size, with Hurst exponent H ranging from 0.1 to 0.9, were computed by profile, contour, and surface area analyses. A technique was deemed reliable if it demonstrated accuracy, consistency and sensitivity. Of all the techniques examined, surface area analysis methods, namely, two-dimensional pyramid and Peleg methods, were found to be most reliable and efficient for the data size studied. Hence, these were employed in a preliminary fractal analysis of poly(methyl methacrylate) and poly(styrene) fracture surfaces. The surfaces were imaged at scan sizes ranging from 1–6.5 μm by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The images indicated the existence of fractal structure and a high degree of roughness at microstructural scales for both the surfaces. These observations were supported by the results of the two surface area analysis techniques. A more conclusive study was prevented by severe scoring of the surfaces by the AFM tip at smaller scan sizes and the availability of only a narrow range of scan sizes.
Reduced-Height Performance Level 2 Bridge Rail (1996)

The safety performance of a 737-mm (29-in.)-high open concrete bridge railing was evaluated. The evaluation included four full-scale crash tests, investigating two critical impact locations where structural failure was most likely to occur. Each impact location was evaluated with a single-unit truck and a ballasted pickup truck. The safety performance of the 737-mm-high open concrete bridge rail was shown to meet the Performance Level 2 requirements specified in the AASHTO Guide Specifications for Bridge Railings (1989).
Endotheliopathy and Platelet Dysfunction as Hallmarks of Fatal Lassa Fever (2020)

Lassa fever (LF) causes multisystem disease and has a fatality rate <70%. Severe cases exhibit abnormal coagulation, endothelial barrier disruption, and dysfunctional platelet aggregation but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. In Sierra Leone during 2015-2018, we assessed LF patients' day-of-admission plasma samples for levels of proteins necessary for coagulation, fibrinolysis, and platelet function. P-selectin, soluble endothelial protein C receptor, soluble thrombomodulin, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, ADAMTS-13, von Willebrand factor, tissue factor, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1, and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 were more elevated in LF patients than in controls. Endothelial protein C receptor, thrombomodulin, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, D-dimer, and hepatocyte growth factor were higher in fatal than nonfatal LF cases. Platelet disaggregation occurred only in samples from fatal LF cases. The impaired homeostasis and platelet dysfunction implicate alterations in the protein C pathway, which might contribute to the loss of endothelial barrier function in fatal infections.
Model for predicting the photoreactions and relative quantum yields of transition metal and organometallic complexes. I. Chromium(III) (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTModel for predicting the photoreactions and relative quantum yields of transition metal and organometallic complexes. I. Chromium(III)Jeffrey I. ZinkCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 23, 8039–8045Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00778a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00778a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views189Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Repetitive sequence fingerprinting in the long range mapping of mammalian genomes (1995)

This review presents some properties of interspersed repeats, particularly human and mouse repeats, and shows how these have been utilized in long-range genome mapping. The link between the distribution of such repeats and their relationship with genome organization is discussed.
Light, Medium, and Heavy Fluorous Triarylphosphines Exhibit Comparable Reactivities to Triphenylphosphine in Typical Reactions of Triarylphosphines (2005)

[reaction: see text] The relative reactivities of triphenylphosphine (PPh(3)) and three fluorous triarylphosphines [(p-R(F)(CH(2))(2)C(6)H(4))(n)PPh(3)(-)(n), where n = 1-3] have been compared in internal competition experiments. Product ratios were determined by (31)P NMR spectroscopy. The four phosphines have about the same reactivities in oxidation, alkylation, and Staudinger reactions and give comparable yields in a preparative Mitsunobu reaction. Previously observed rate and yield differences in Staudinger reactions of the fluorous phosphines are attributed to solubility effects, not reactivity differences. A light fluorous phosphine [(p-C(8)F(17)(CH(2))(2)C(6)H(4))PPh(2)] outperforms a commercially available resin-bound phosphine in a competitive benzylation experiment by a factor of about 4.
Outer Bounds for MIMO Communicating Radars: Three-node Downlink (2018)

In this paper, we analyze the performance of a joint MIMO node capable of simultaneous radar and communication functions. We derive outer bounds for rate regions of communication and radar estimation rate in terms of the communication link's information rate and the formulated radar estimation rate - a measure of how much information can be extracted from the radar return. We show that the knowledge of the communication signal can be utilized to improve the radar estimation rate. A legacy system's performance suffers as a radar target moves closer to a communications user due to increased interference from beamforming leakage power. However, we show that a joint system can benefit from this extra power. Since the joint system perfectly knows the radar and the communication signals, radar performance can be enhanced using communications returns from the radar target.
Accurate estimation of the illumination pattern’s orientation and wavelength in sinusoidal structured illumination microscopy (2018)

Structured illumination microscopy is able to improve the spatial resolution of wide-field fluorescence imaging by applying sinusoidal stripe pattern illumination to the sample. The corresponding computational image reconstruction requires precise knowledge of the pattern's parameters, which are its phase (ϕ) and wave vector (p). Here, a computationally inexpensive method for estimation of p from the raw data is proposed and illustrated with simulations. The method estimates p through a selective discrete Fourier transform at tunable subpixel precision. This results in an accurate p estimation for all the illumination patterns and subsequently improves the superresolution image recovery by a factor of 10 around sharp edges as compared to an integer pixel approach. The technique as presented here is of major interest to the large variety of custom-build systems that are used. The feasibility of the presented method is proven in comparison with published data.
ChemInform Abstract: NITROXYL‐MEDIATED ELECTROOXIDATION OF ALCOHOLS TO ALDEHYDES AND KETONES (1983)

Abstract In Gegenwart von Lutidin werden prim. Alkohole durch Vermittelung des Nitroxyls (II) anodisch bei einem niedrigen Potential (ca.
Interleaved conversion techniques for high density power supplies (1992)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1992.
Synthesis of Fungicidal Phenylpyrroles (1992)

Dedicated to Professor Karl Heinz Büchel on the occasion of his 60th birthday Pyrrolnitrin was used as a lead structure for new fungicides. Decomposition of members of the phenylpyrrole group was studied; the synthetic derivatives show more stability on exposure to environmental conditions than the natural compound. Fungicidal activities are presented along with some new syntheses.
Structural basis for the synergy of 4′- and 2′-modifications on siRNA nuclease resistance, thermal stability and RNAi activity (2018)

Chemical modification is a prerequisite of oligonucleotide therapeutics for improved metabolic stability, uptake and activity, irrespective of their mode of action, i.e. antisense, RNAi or aptamer. Phosphate moiety and ribose C2'/O2' atoms are the most common sites for modification. Compared to 2'-O-substituents, ribose 4'-C-substituents lie in proximity of both the 3'- and 5'-adjacent phosphates. To investigate potentially beneficial effects on nuclease resistance we combined 2'-F and 2'-OMe with 4'-Cα- and 4'-Cβ-OMe, and 2'-F with 4'-Cα-methyl modification. The α- and β-epimers of 4'-C-OMe-uridine and the α-epimer of 4'-C-Me-uridine monomers were synthesized and incorporated into siRNAs. The 4'α-epimers affect thermal stability only minimally and show increased nuclease stability irrespective of the 2'-substituent (H, F, OMe). The 4'β-epimers are strongly destabilizing, but afford complete resistance against an exonuclease with the phosphate or phosphorothioate backbones. Crystal structures of RNA octamers containing 2'-F,4'-Cα-OMe-U, 2'-F,4'-Cβ-OMe-U, 2'-OMe,4'-Cα-OMe-U, 2'-OMe,4'-Cβ-OMe-U or 2'-F,4'-Cα-Me-U help rationalize these observations and point to steric and electrostatic origins of the unprecedented nuclease resistance seen with the chain-inverted 4'β-U epimer. We used structural models of human Argonaute 2 in complex with guide siRNA featuring 2'-F,4'-Cα-OMe-U or 2'-F,4'-Cβ-OMe-U at various sites in the seed region to interpret in vitro activities of siRNAs with the corresponding 2'-/4'-C-modifications.
Chondrosarcoma of the epiglottis with regional and distant metastasis (1989)

Chondrosarcoma of the epiglottis is extremely rare and there are no previously reported cases of this neoplasm with regional or distant metastases. The first case of this entity and its histopathologic considerations are presented. Accurate grading of this malignancy is essential, since a more poorly differentiated pathologic condition in these tumors indicates aggressive biologic properties consequently leading to frequent local recurrences and metastasis. This is evident in the present case in which, despite being free of local or regional recurrence for 3 years following a supraglottic laryngectomy and bilateral neck dissections, the patient developed pulmonary metastases. We support the use of conservative laryngeal surgery and modified neck dissections for this disease rather than partial resections or debulking procedures, since the histopathologic condition may not be fully recognized without microscopic analysis.
Active selection for multi-example querying by content (2003)

Multi-example content-based retrieval (MECBR) is the process of querying content by specifying multiple query examples with single query iteration. MECBR attempts to mitigate some of the semantic limitations of traditional relevance feedback or CBR techniques by allowing multiple query examples and thus a more accurate modeling of the user's query need. It also attempts to minimize the burden on the user, as compared to relevance feedback methods, by eliminating the need for user feedback and limiting all interaction into a single query specification step. Multi-example content-based retrieval is therefore a simple alternative for modeling low- and mid-level semantics without the need for heavy user interaction or extensive training, as in interactive feedback systems or complex statistical modeling approaches. In this paper, we describe the MECBR technique in some detail and study methods for active selection of query examples and query features. In particular, we propose and investigate techniques for automatic query example selection, feature selection, and feature fusion. We compare different approaches and evaluate performance of different parameter settings through an extensive empirical study. We also compare MECBR performance to that of explicitly built semantic models using state-of-the-art support vector machines (SVM). We find that lightweight MECBR performs up to 60% better for rare concepts and only 12% to 25% worse for frequent concepts, as compared to heavy-weight SVM modeling! This shows that MECBR is not only a viable lightweight alternative to statistical semantic modeling but is also preferred for very diverse or rare-class semantic modeling situations.
Repopulating Street Scenes (2021)

We present a framework for automatically reconfiguring images of street scenes by populating, depopulating, or repopulating them with objects such as pedestrians or vehicles. Applications of this method include anonymizing images to enhance privacy, generating data augmentations for perception tasks like autonomous driving, and composing scenes to achieve a certain ambiance, such as empty streets in the early morning. At a technical level, our work has three primary contributions: (1) a method for clearing images of objects, (2) a method for estimating sun direction from a single image, and (3) a way to compose objects in scenes that respects scene geometry and illumination. Each component is learned from data with minimal ground truth annotations, by making creative use of large-numbers of short image bursts of street scenes. We demonstrate convincing results on a range of street scenes and illustrate potential applications.
Optimization-Based Approach to Process Synthesis for Process Intensification: Synthesis of Reaction-Separation Processes (2017)

Process synthesis and intensification are powerful tools for the development of cost- and energy-efficient chemical processes. However, even though their combination maximizes the potential for improvements, they are mostly applied separately. The current article presents the extension of a phenomena-based process synthesis method by an aditional building block for reactor network synthesis and reactive separations. The method facilitates the automatic generation of thermodynamically feasible phenomena-based flowsheet variants by means of superstructure optimization, which are subsequently translated into equipment-based flowsheets taking into account classical as well as intensified equipment. By composing a flowsheet from mass and energy transfer phenomena instead of predefined unit operations, counterintuitive solutions and significant improvements can be achieved. In the current contribution, the capabilities of the method are demonstrated using the transesterification of propylene carbonate with methanol as a case study. The resulting optimal flowsheet represents a combination of integrated and hybrid separation steps for overcoming the intrinsic limitations of this system. The obtained result presents significant cost saving potential compared to those flowsheet variants previously generated by an alternative process synthesis method.
Query Routing in Peer-to-Peer Web Search (2005)

The database selection task within a system of cooperative distributed libraries or web search engines has been thoroughly studied already for almost ten years. The most successful selection methods do not differ significantly from popular document ranking measures. They operate on the space of databases as virtual documents, composed of the text sources stored in databases. Web search traditionally deals with very short descriptions of information requests. This limitation leads to severe decreases in performance for all selection methods. The source of this weakness lies in the extreme ambiguity of short web queries with respect to enormously long virtual documents.
In this work, we study the applicability of the authoritative database selection methods within MINERVA1, a peer-to-peer web search engine. For some methods we have made necessary system-specific adaptations in order to use them in a peer-to-peer environment. As our main contribution, we suggest using the context of web search to build a detailed description of a search request. We consider a personal document collection to be such a context and propose either to use the collection of the user who sends the search request, or to dynamically search the system for the collection capable to serve as a possible context. We propose the context-aware selection method and evaluate combinations of pseudo-relevance feedback methods within its scope. We demonstrate that our approach is more effective than the existing ones.
Determination of crystallographic planes on the surface of supported metallic crystallites (1983)

The percentage of metal surface atoms with different co-ordination numbers is calculated for Pd/γ-Al2O3 catalysts from gas chemisorption measurements.