gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Iterative Improvement of Human Pose Classification Using Guide Ontology (2015)

The objective of this paper is to recognize and classify the poses of idols in still images on the web. The poses found in Japanese idol photos are often complicated and their classification is highly challenging. Although advances in computer vision research have made huge contributions to image recognition, it is not enough to estimate human poses accurately. We thus propose a method that refines result of human pose estimation by Pose Guide Ontology (PGO) and a set of energy functions. PGO, which we introduce in this paper, contains useful background knowledge, such as semantic hierarchies and constraints related to the positional relationship between body parts. Energy functions compute the right positions of body parts based on knowledge of the human body. Through experiments, we also refine PGO iteratively for further improvement of classification accuracy. We demonstrate pose classification into 8 classes on a dataset containing 400 idol images on the web. Result of experiments shows the efficiency of PGO and the energy functions; the F-measure of classification is 15% higher than the non-refined results. In addition to this, we confirm the validity of the energy functions.
Justification, Design, and Analysis of a Village-Scale Photovoltaic-Powered Electrodialysis Reversal System for Rural India (2015)

This paper presents the merits of village-scale photovoltaic (PV) powered electrodialysis reversal (EDR) systems for rural India and the design and analysis of such a system built by the authors with planned testing to be completed in March 2015 in Alamogordo, New Mexico. The requirements for the system include daily water output of 6–15 m3/day (enough potable water for the average village size of 2,000–5,000 people), removal of dissolved salts in addition to biological contaminants, photovoltaic power source, recovery ratio of greater than 85% and appropriate maintenance and service scheme. At present, most village-scale desalination systems use reverse osmosis (RO), however the managing NGOs have found the systems to be cost prohibitive in off-grid locations. EDR has the potential to be more cost effective than currently installed village-scale RO systems in off-grid locations due to the lower specific energy consumption of EDR versus RO at high recovery ratios. This leads to lower power system cost and overall capital expense. The system developed in this study is designed to validate whether the system requirements can be met in terms of recovery ratio, product water quality, specific energy consumption, and expected capital cost. The system is designed to desalinate 3600 ppm brackish groundwater to 350 ppm at a rate of 1.6 m3/hour and a recovery of 92%. This paper reviews the scope of the market for village scale desalination, existing groundwater salinity levels, and presents the design methodology and resulting system parameters for a village-scale PV-EDR field trial.
Functionalisation of Ti6Al4V components fabricated using selective laser melting with a bioactive compound (2014)

Surface modification of an implant with a biomolecule is used to improve its biocompatibility and to reduce post-implant complications. In this study, a novel approach has been used to functionalise phosphonic acid monolayers with a drug. Ti6Al4V components fabricated using selective laser melting (SLM) were functionalised with Paracetamol (a pharmaceutically relevant biomolecule) using phosphonic acid based self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). The attachment, stability of the monolayers on the SLM fabricated surface and functionalisation of SAMs with Paracetamol were studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and surface wettability measurements. The obtained results confirmed that SAMs were stable on the Ti6Al4V surface for over four weeks and then began to desorb from the surface. The reaction used to functionalise the phosphonic acid monolayers with Paracetamol was noted to be successful. Thus, the proposed method has the potential to immobilise drugs/proteins to SAM coated surfaces and improve their biocompatibility and reduce post-implant complications.
ANALYSIS OF PRIVACY-PRESERVING ELEMENT REDUCTION OF A MULTISET (2009)

The element reduction of a multiset S is to reduce the number of repetitions of an element in S by a predetermined number. Privacy-preserving element reduction of a multiset is an important tool in private computation over multisets. It can be used by itself or by combination with other private set operations. Recently, an efficient privacy-preserving element reduction method was proposed by Kissner and Song [7]. In this paper, we point out a mathematical flaw in their polynomial representation that is used for the element reduction protocol and provide its correction. Also we modify their over-threshold set-operation protocol, using an element reduction with the corrected representation, which is used to output the elements that appear over the predetermined threshold number of times in the multiset resulting from other privacy-preserving set operations.
A dielectric resonator antenna with orthogonal CPW feed and T-match (2005)

This paper presents a new coplanar waveguide (CPW) orthogonal feed with T-match that is used to excite a dielectric resonator antenna (DRA). It results in a compact and highly efficient radiating element appropriate for active arrays. The simulated and measured results are presented at 5 GHz, which exhibit a large bandwidth. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 46: 530–532, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21038
A selective inhibition of c-Fos/activator protein-1 as a potential therapeutic target for intervertebral disc degeneration and associated pain (2017)

Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is a major cause of low back pain. The transcription factor c-Fos/Activator Protein-1 (AP-1) controls the expression of inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) that contribute to the pathogenesis IVD degeneration. We investigated the effects of inhibition of c-Fos/AP-1 on IVD degeneration and associated pain. A selective inhibitor, T-5224, significantly suppressed the interleukin-1β-induced up-regulation of Mmp-3, Mmp-13 and Adamts-5 transcription in human nucleus pulposus cells and in a mouse explant culture model of IVD degeneration. We used a tail disc percutaneous needle puncture method to further assess the effects of oral administration of T-5224 on IVD degeneration. Analysis of disc height, T2-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, and histology revealed that IVD degeneration was significantly mitigated by T-5224. Further, oral administration of T-5224 ameliorated pain as indicated by the extended tail-flick latency in response to heat stimulation of rats with needle-puncture-induced IVD degeneration. These findings suggest that the inhibition of c-Fos/AP-1 prevents disc degeneration and its associated pain and that T-5224 may serve as a drug for the prevention of IVD degeneration.
Induction of a differentiated ciliated cell phenotype in primary cultures of Fallopian tube epithelium (1998)

Human Fallopian tubal epithelial cells in culture lose morphological features associated with the epithelium in situ and the extent to which they retain their in-vivo phenotype or function is unknown. In order to address this question, immunocytochemical markers were identified which distinguish secretory (HMFG2+, LhS28-) from ciliated (HMFG2-, LhS28+) epithelial cells in tissue sections of Fallopian tube. These markers were used to analyse the phenotype of tubal cells in vitro. Primary cultures of human tubal epithelial cells were seeded onto glass and grown to confluence before addition of oestradiol-17beta. In the absence of hormone, tubal epithelial cells expressed cytokeratins and nuclear receptors for oestrogen and progesterone and adopted a homogeneous (HMFG2+, LhS28-) secretory cell phenotype. Following the addition of oestradiol-17beta, a proportion of cells became positive for LhS28. The induction of a ciliated epithelial cell phenotype was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, where on permeable collagen membranes, approximately one-third of tubal epithelial cells became ciliated in the presence of oestradiol-17beta. We suggest that in vitro, tubal epithelial cells adopt an immature secretory-like phenotype and that oestrogen can induce differentiation to a ciliated epithelial cell phenotype.
Azidohomoalanine: A Conformationally Sensitive IR Probe of Protein Folding, Protein Structure, and Electrostatics (2010)

Hoch empfindlich: Das Azido-Analogon von Methionin, Azidohomoalanin (siehe Bild), ist eine empfindliche IR-Sonde für die Analyse der Struktur, Faltung und Elektrostatik von Proteinen, wie am Beispiel des Proteins NTL9 demonstriert wird. Die Sonde lässt sich leicht in Proteine einbauen, und die Azido-Frequenz im thermisch entfalteten Zustand ist deutlichen blauverschoben.
Near-Threshold Voltage Design Techniques for Heterogenous Manycore System-on-Chips (2020)

Aggressive power supply scaling into the near-threshold voltage (NTV) region holds great potential for applications with strict energy budgets, since the energy efficiency peaks as the supply voltage approaches the threshold voltage (VT) of the CMOS transistors. The improved silicon energy efficiency promises to fit more cores in a given power envelope. As a result, many-core Near-threshold computing (NTC) has emerged as an attractive paradigm. Realizing energy-efficient heterogenous system on chips (SoCs) necessitates key NTV-optimized ingredients, recipes and IP blocks; including CPUs, graphic vector engines, interconnect fabrics and mm-scale microcontroller (MCU) designs. We discuss application of NTV design techniques, necessary for reliable operation over a wide supply voltage range—from nominal down to the NTV regime, and for a variety of IPs. Evaluation results spanning Intel’s 32-, 22- and 14-nm CMOS technologies across four test chips are presented, confirming substantial energy benefits that scale well with Moore’s law.
TRAUMATIC AMPUTATION FROM EXPLOSIVE BLAST: EVIDENCE FOR A NEW INJURY MECHANISM (2013)

The mechanism of traumatic amputation (TA) from explosive blast has traditionally been considered to be a combination of blast wave induced bone injury – primary blast - followed by limb avulsion from the blast wind – tertiary blast. This results in a transosseous TA, with through joint amputations considered to be extremely rare. Data from previous conflicts has also suggested that this injury is frequently associated with a non-survivable primary blast lung injury (PBLI), further linking the extremity injury to the primary blast wave. However, our current experience in the Middle East would suggest that both the mechanism of TA and the link with fatal primary blast exposure need to be reconsidered. The aim of this study was to analyse the injury profile of the current cohort of TA fatalities to further investigate the underlying blast injury mechanism and to allow hypotheses on injury mechanisms to be developed for further analysis. With the permission of the coroners, 121 post-mortem CT (PMCT) scans of UK Armed Forces personnel who died following an IED blast were analysed. All orthopaedic injuries were identified, classified and the anatomical level of any associated soft tissue injury noted. PMCT evidence of PBLI was used as a marker of significant primary blast exposure. 75/121 (62%) sustained at least 1 TA, with 138 TAs seen in total. 31/138 (22%) were through joints, with through knee amputations most common (23/31, 74%). Only 7/31(23%) through joint amputations had an associated fracture proximal to and contiguous with the amputation site. The soft tissue injury profile of through joint and transosseous TAs were not significantly different (p=0.569). When fatality location was considered (i.e. mounted or dismounted), no overall relationship between PBLI and TA was evident. The two pathologies were not seen to consistently occur concurrently, as has been previously reported. The accepted mechanism for traumatic amputation following explosive blast does not adequately explain the significant number of through joint TAs presented here. The previously reported link between TA and PBLI in fatalities was not supported by this analysis of modern combat blast fatalities. Lack of an associated fracture with the majority of through joint TAs in conjunction with a lesser contribution of primary blast may implicate flail and periarticular soft tissue failure as a potential injury mechanism. Analysis of through joint TA incidence and associated injuries in survivors is now indicated. Case studies within the fatality dataset may facilitate generation of injury mechanism hypotheses. To further investigate the injury mechanism, work is required to understand osseous, ligamentous and other soft tissue behaviour and failure at high strain rates. This should allow characterisation and modeling of these injuries and inform mitigation strategies.
Abstract 18028: Inclusion of B-type Natriuretic Peptide into Existing Atrial Fibrillation (AF) Risk Scores Improves Identification of Patients with Recurrence of Atrial Fibrillation after Pulmonary Vein Isolation (2014)

AIMS: Pre-procedural identification of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) who will remain free from AF after pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) remains challenging. Clinical risk scores, including CHADS2, CHA2DS2-VASc, R2CHADS2, and HATCH scores show modest discriminative ability with respect to AF recurrence. B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is associated with risk for AF and AF recurrence but is not currently included in existing AF risk scores. We sought to evaluate the incremental benefit of adding pre-operative BNP to existing risk scores in predicting AF recurrence within 6-months after PVI. METHODS AND RESULTS: One hundred and fifty one patients (105 men, age 60 ± 10 years) with paroxysmal or persistent AF underwent an index PVI procedure between 2010-2014. Seventy-seven patients had an AF recurrence (51%) over the 6-month follow-up period. BNP level of &gt;100 units was significantly associated with 6-month AF recurrence in univariate models (p&lt;0.001). A composite risk score including BNP to the existing scores significantly improved their predictive value and net AF recurrence reclassification (net reclassification index, 63.4%; p&lt;0.001) (Table 1). CONCLUSIONS: Addition of BNP to existing AF risk scores enhanced their predictive value and discriminative ability in predicting AF recurrence after PVI. Further research is needed including large and diverse cohorts of patients undergoing ablation and monitored for AF recurrence over extended periods to further validate the performance of this composite score.
Charging Mechanism and Moving Reaction Fronts in a Supercapacitor with Pseudocapacitance (2013)

A model of a supercapacitor with pseudocapacitance focusing on effects along the thickness of the electrode was developed. Fast charging, i.e. high power density operation, was analyzed. The occurrence of moving reaction fronts under these conditions is found and discussed. Indicators of the occurrence of moving reaction fronts were defined by analyzing the reaction front velocity and deriving the reaction penetration depth. Effects of the moving reaction fronts on cyclic voltammograms were simulated and an asymmetric broadening of the oxidation peak was found. The influence of the moving reaction fronts on the performance of the supercapacitor was investigated by means of charging energy analysis. Losses were found mainly at the end of the oxidation phase. Partial charging under fast charging conditions reduces the losses. The scale-up of the electrode mass loading and thus the influence of the thickness was analyzed. Simulation results could be used as an "operation map" to avoid conditions with significant losses. © 2013 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Stretchable piezoelectric nanocomposite generator (2016)

Piezoelectric energy conversion that generate electric energy from ambient mechanical and vibrational movements is promising energy harvesting technology because it can use more accessible energy resources than other renewable natural energy. In particular, flexible and stretchable piezoelectric energy harvesters which can harvest the tiny biomechanical motions inside human body into electricity properly facilitate not only the self-powered energy system for flexible and wearable electronics but also sensitive piezoelectric sensors for motion detectors and in vivo diagnosis kits. Since the piezoelectric ZnO nanowires (NWs)-based energy harvesters (nanogenerators) were proposed in 2006, many researchers have attempted the nanogenerator by using the various fabrication process such as nanowire growth, electrospinning, and transfer techniques with piezoelectric materials including polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) polymer and perovskite ceramics. In 2012, the composite-based nanogenerators were developed using simple, low-cost, and scalable methods to overcome the significant issues with previously-reported energy harvester, such as insufficient output performance and size limitation. This review paper provides a brief overview of flexible and stretchable piezoelectric nanocomposite generator for realizing the self-powered energy system with development history, power performance, and applications.
Cover Image (2023)

The cover image is based on the Research Article In situ quantification of temperature and strain within photovoltaic modules through optical sensing by Philippe Nivelle et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.3622.
Structure of the human heparin-binding growth factor gene pleiotrophin (1992)

We report that the human gene coding for the heparin-binding growth factor pleiotrophin (PTN) spans more than 65 kb and contains at least 7 exons. Analysis of human genomic DNA fragments showed that the open reading frame (ORF) is located on 4 exons. The splice sites in the ORF coincide with the boundaries of functional domains in the human PTN protein and appear to be conserved in the mouse PTN and in the related family of midkine genes. The 5'- and the 3'-ends in the untranslated regions of the human PTN are distinct from those of other species and are highly homologous to the antisense cDNAs of heat shock protein 70 and of ribosomal protein L7 respectively. These two regions are located on separate exons and could play a role in the posttranscriptional regulation of human PTN gene expression.
Biosynthesis of Wax in Brassica oleracea* (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBiosynthesis of Wax in Brassica oleracea*P. E. KolattukudyCite this: Biochemistry 1965, 4, 9, 1844–1855Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1965https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00885a023RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views247Altmetric-Citations83LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Tetrafluoroethylene-based Fluoropolymers for 157-nm Resist Materials (2003)

Tetrafluoroethylene-based copolymers with functional norbornenes were synthesized and their fundamental properties, such as transparency at 157 nm and solubility in a standard alkaline developer, were characterized. A high transparency, i.e., absorbance of less than 0.5 μm-1, was achieved by optimizing the polymerization conditions with a variety of functional norbornene monomers. Positive-working resists formulated by the fluororesins were developed and showed good transparency of less than 1 μm-1 at 157 nm, and good developability without any swelling behavior in a standard alkaline solution of 0.26-N tetramethylammonium hydroxide, and an acceptable dry-etching resistance as good as ArF resists. And fine patterns of 65-nm dense lines and spaces could be delineated by the exposure at 157-nm wavelength.
Materials issues for optical components and photomasks in 157 nm lithography (1999)

Photolithography using 157 nm pulsed fluorine lasers has emerged as the leading candidate technology for the post-193-nm generation. Preliminary data have indicated that at 157 nm there are optical materials transparent enough to enable the fabrication of refractive elements, both in the projection and illumination part of the optical train. However, a number of critical issues still remain. Optical materials must show no appreciable degradation with laser irradiation. The availability of transparent photomask substrates must be ascertained. Optical coatings must be developed and qualified. At this short wavelength, interface effects, subsurface damage, and adsorbate effects become increasingly prominent. We present recent experimental results on the durability tests of calcium fluoride, modified fused silica, and optical coatings for 157 nm applications. Our initial assessment of several grades of modified fused silica demonstrates that at least one grade already meets transparency and durability requirements for reticle substrates for 157 nm applications. For both bulk calcium fluoride and antireflectance coatings our tests to date show no degradation for 300 million pulses at fluences up to 3 mJ/cm2/pulse. We do observe degradation of beam steering mirrors in our experimental setup. Detailed damage analysis of these coatings is presented.
Hyaluronic acid-recombinant gelatin gels as a scaffold for soft tissue regeneration (2012)

An array of different types of hyaluronic acid (HA)- and collagen-based products is available for filling soft-tissue defects. A major drawback of the current soft-tissue fillers is their inability to induce cell infiltration and new tissue formation. Our aim is to develop novel biodegradable injectable gels which induce soft tissue regeneration, initially resulting in integration and finally replacement of the gel with new autologous tissue. Two reference gels of pure HA, monophasic HA-1 and micronised HA-2, were used. Furthermore, both gels were mixed with recombinant gelatin (RG) resulting in HA-1+RG and HA-2+RG. All gels were subcutaneously injected on the back of rats and explanted after 4 weeks. Addition of RG to HA-1 resulted in stroma formation (neovascularisation and ECM deposition) which was restricted to the outer rim of the HA-1+RG gel. In contrast, addition of RG to HA-2 induced stroma formation throughout the gel. The RG component of the gel was degraded by macrophages and giant cells and subsequently replaced by new vascularised tissue. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the extracellular matrix components collagen I and III were deposited throughout the gel. In conclusion, this study shows the proof of principle that addition of RG to HA-2 results in a novel injectable gel capable of inducing soft tissue regeneration. In this gel HA has a scaffold function whereas the RG component induces new tissue formation, resulting in proper vascularisation and integration of the HA-2+RG gel with the autologous tissue.