gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Color-Enrichment Semiconductor Nanocrystals for Biorhythm-Friendly Backlighting (2018)

Abstract Nanocrystals (NCs) offer great opportunities for developing novel light-emitting devices possessing superior properties such as high quality indoor lighting, efficient outdoor lighting, and display backlighting with increased color definition. The narrow-band emission spectra of these materials also offer opportunities to protect the human daily biological rhythm against the adverse effects of display backlighting. For this purpose, here we address this problem using color converting NCs and analyzed the effect of the NC integrated color converting light-emitting diode (NC LED) backlight spectra on the human circadian rhythm. We employed the three existing models including the circadian light, the melanopic sensitivity function, and the circadian effect factor by simultaneously satisfying the National Television Standards Committee (NTSC) requirements. The results show that NC LED backlighting exhibits (i) 33% less disruption on the circadian cycle if the same color gamut of the commercially available YAG:Ce LED is targeted and (ii) 34% wider color gamut while causing 4.1% weaker disruption on the circadian rhythm compared to YAG:Ce LED backlight if the NTSC color gamut is fully reproduced. Furthermore, we found out that blue and green emission peaks have to be located at 465 with 30 nm bandwidth and at 535 nm with 20 nm bandwidth, respectively, for a circadian rhythm friendly design while the red component offers flexibility around the peak emission wavelength at 636 nm as opposed to the requirements of quality indoor lighting. These design considerations introduced as a new design perspective for the displays of future will help avoiding the disruption of the human circadian rhythm.
Inflammatory Markers and Radiotherapy Response in Patients With Painful Bone Metastases (2022)

Results from this study show an association between RT response and change in pro-inflammatory mediators and indicate that inflammation may be important to achieve an analgesic RT response in patients with painful bone metastases. None of the investigated inflammatory markers were found to be pre-treatment predictors of RT response.
Evolution of Recombination on an HIV-1 Derived Fitness Landscape (2010)

The maintenance of recombination is among the most important unsolved problems of evolutionary biology. The HillRobertson effect, which states that the interaction between genetic drift and selection generates unfavorable linkage disequilibria (hence favoring recombination), offers one of the most promising hypotheses to solve this problem. In particular, it has been argued that this hypothesis works independently of epistatic interactions. However, this result has been derived on the basis of smooth fitness landscapes, which may be unrealistic (Otto and Feldman (1997)). We estimated the fitness effects of 1’857 single mutations and of 257’536 pairs of mutations found in a 60’000 HIV-1 B pol-genotypes assayed for in vitro replication capacity (Hinkley et al. (2010)) to develop a reasonably realistic model of a fitness landscape on which we run a genetic algorithm to mimic the evolution of HIV populations. By adding a recombination rate modifier to the genome, we address the question of whether genetic drift outweighs epistasis as a factor for the evolutionary maintenance of recombination in the case of the fitness landscape of our model. Despite the fairly rugged nature of the fitness landscape, which could be characterized by the presence of a large number of local optima, we find that recombination is robustly favored in finite populations. This result suggests that the Hill-Robertson effect provides a powerful explanation for the evolutionary maintenance of recombination even if fitness landscapes are rugged.
Polarization imaging light scattering facility (2007)

Understanding the interaction of polarized light with materials is critical to applications such as remote
sensing, laser radar, and quality control. The availability of angular and spatial information add additional dimensions
to this understanding.
A facility is constructed for Mueller Matrix Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution (MMBRDF) imaging.
Polarized light at near infrared and visible wavelengths is scattered from samples ranging from bare metals to complex
organic structures with various textures and orientations. The resulting scattered polarized light is measured with a
Mueller matrix active imaging polarimeter.
The in-plane MMBRDF is measured for a sanded aluminum sample as a demonstration of the facility. The
aluminum is found to be a weak depolarizer, with a somewhat higher depolarization index at specular angles.
Retardance is dominated by its linear component and is close to 180° for the majority of angles. Diattenuation is weak,
especially in the specular region, and increases in the region further away from specular angles.
Single-Shot Characterization of Ultrafast High-Repetition-Rate Signals Using an Asynchronous Time Magnifier (2013)

We demonstrate single-shot characterization of an ultrafast, high-repetition-rate pulse source using an asynchronously-pumped temporal magnifier based on a four-wave-mixing time lens. Such a system can also be used as a high-bandwidth real-time RF spectrum analyzer.
Recovery and Recycling of Tungsten by Alkaline Leaching of Scrap and Charged Amino Group Assisted Precipitation (2018)

Herein, we present a charged amino group assisted precipitation (CAAP) method for recovery and recycling of high-purity tungsten from a solution obtained by alkaline leaching of cemented carbide (WC–Co alloy) scrap. When lysine hydrochloride, which contains a charged amino group (NH3+), was added to an alkaline leaching solution containing tungsten (307 mmol L–1), sodium (1236 mmol L–1), and vanadium (1.7 mmol L–1), over 90% of the tungsten was rapidly recovered as a lysine–tungsten precipitate. The sodium in the precipitate was successfully removed by a simple washing process. Calcination was then performed to obtain 99.6% high-purity tungsten oxide, and reduction and carburization of the obtained tungsten oxide resulted in tungsten carbide. A pilot study using the CAAP method demonstrated a considerable decrease (60%) in the displacement (i.e., volume of chemicals used/waste created) compared with that required for the conventional ion-exchange method for tungsten recycling.
The University of Exeter’s Roadmap for EPSRC’s Research Data Management Expectations (2013)

This document describes how the University of Exeter will work to conform to EPSRC expectations concerning the management and provision of access to EPSRC-funded research data between May 2012 and May 2015. It is a live document which will be updated and adapted regularly.
Structure—Activity Relationships of Novel anti‐Malarial Agents. Part 5. N‐(4‐Acylamino‐3‐benzoylphenyl)‐[5‐(4‐nitrophenyl)‐2‐furyl]acrylic Acid Amides. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Representing Ambiguity in Registration Problems with Conditional\n Invertible Neural Networks (2020)

Image registration is the basis for many applications in the fields of\nmedical image computing and computer assisted interventions. One example is the\nregistration of 2D X-ray images with preoperative three-dimensional computed\ntomography (CT) images in intraoperative surgical guidance systems. Due to the\nhigh safety requirements in medical applications, estimating registration\nuncertainty is of a crucial importance in such a scenario. However, previously\nproposed methods, including classical iterative registration methods and deep\nlearning-based methods have one characteristic in common: They lack the\ncapacity to represent the fact that a registration problem may be inherently\nambiguous, meaning that multiple (substantially different) plausible solutions\nexist. To tackle this limitation, we explore the application of invertible\nneural networks (INN) as core component of a registration methodology. In the\nproposed framework, INNs enable going beyond point estimates as network output\nby representing the possible solutions to a registration problem by a\nprobability distribution that encodes different plausible solutions via\nmultiple modes. In a first feasibility study, we test the approach for a 2D 3D\nregistration setting by registering spinal CT volumes to X-ray images. To this\nend, we simulate the X-ray images taken by a C-Arm with multiple orientations\nusing the principle of digitially reconstructed radiographs (DRRs). Due to the\nsymmetry of human spine, there are potentially multiple substantially different\nposes of the C-Arm that can lead to similar projections. The hypothesis of this\nwork is that the proposed approach is able to identify multiple solutions in\nsuch ambiguous registration problems.\n
Exome-wide association study of plasma lipids in > 300,000 individuals (2017)

We screened variants on an exome-focused genotyping array in >300,000 participants (replication in >280,000 participants) and identified 444 independent variants in 250 loci significantly associated with total cholesterol (TC), high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-densitylipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and/or triglycerides (TG). At two loci (JAK2 and A1CF), experimental analysis in mice showed lipid changes consistent with the human data. We also found that: (i) beta-thalassemia trait carriers displayed lower TC and were protected from coronary artery disease (CAD); (ii) excluding the CETP locus, there was not a predictable relationship between plasma HDL-C and risk for age-related macular degeneration; (iii) only some mechanisms of lowering LDL-C appeared to increase risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D); and (iv) TG-lowering alleles involved in hepatic production of TGrich lipoproteins (TM6SF2 and PNPLA3) tracked with higher liver fat, higher risk for T2D, and lower risk for CAD, whereas TG-lowering alleles involved in peripheral lipolysis (LPL and ANGPTL4) had no effect on liver fat but decreased risks for both T2D and CAD.
Storage As Fast As Rest of the System (2016)

Ultra-low latency, high endurance SSDs are poised to enter the market, based on 3D XPoint™ memory. Here we show that for these new SSDs and modern platforms, storage latency is equally divided between the SSD and the rest-of platform. We summarize some of the recent system level optimizations that make this possible. Such low latency storage offers a potential for applications to use storage as a resource in place of memory. We describe a few examples of use case analyses that we have undertaken. Finally we comment on use of 3D XPoint memory accessed as system memory rather than storage.
Quantum driving and work (2014)

As quantum systems become more experimentally accessible, we are forced to reconsider the notions of control and work to fully account for quantum effects. To this end, we identify the work injected into a quantum system during a general quantum-mechanical driving protocol and quantify the relevant heat flows. The known results that are applicable in the limit of a classical drive are shown to emerge from our equations as a special case. Using the established framework, we show that the Bochkov-Kuzovlev identity for the exclusive work distribution is modified in a nontrivial way by the accumulation of system-drive correlations resulting from quantum back action. Our results accentuate the conceptual and discernible differences between a fully quantum-mechanical and classical driving protocols of quantum systems.
Quantification of Myocardial Extracellular Volume Fraction with Cardiac MR Imaging in Thalassemia Major (2015)

Purpose To quantify myocardial extracellular volume (ECV) by using cardiac magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in thalassemia major and to investigate the relationship between ECV and myocardial iron overload. Materials and Methods With institutional review board approval and informed consent, 30 patients with thalassemia major (mean age ± standard deviation, 34.6 years ± 9.5) and 10 healthy control subjects (mean age, 31.5 years ± 4.4) were prospectively recruited (clinicaltrials.gov identification number NCT02090699). Nineteen patients (63.3%) had prior myocardial iron overload (defined as midseptal T2* < 20 msec on any prior cardiac MR images). Cardiac MR imaging at 1.5 T included cine steady-state free precession for ventricular function, T2* for myocardial iron quantification, and unenhanced and contrast material-enhanced T1 mapping. ECV was calculated with input of the patient's hematocrit level. Peak systolic global longitudinal strain by means of speckle tracking was assessed with same-day transthoracic echocardiography. Statistical analysis included use of the two-sample t test, Fisher exact test, and Spearman correlation. Results Unenhanced T1 values were significantly lower in patients with prior myocardial iron overload than in control subjects (850.3 ± 115.1 vs 1006.3 ± 35.4, P < .001) and correlated strongly with T2* values (r = 0.874, P < .001). Patients with prior myocardial iron overload had higher ECV than did patients without iron overload (31.3% ± 2.8 vs 28.2% ± 3.4, P = .030) and healthy control subjects (27.0% ± 3.1, P = .003). There was no difference in ECV between patients without iron overload and control subjects (P = .647). ECV correlated with lowest historical T2* (r = -0.469, P = .010) but did not correlate significantly with left ventricular ejection fraction (r = -0.216, P = .252) or global longitudinal strain (r = -0.164, P = .423). Conclusion ECV is significantly increased in thalassemia major and is associated with myocardial iron overload. These abnormalities may potentially reflect diffuse interstitial myocardial fibrosis. (©) RSNA, 2015 Online supplemental material is available for this article.
C–F Bond activation at Ni(0) and simple reactions of square planar Ni(ii) fluoride complexes (2005)

The reaction of Ni(COD)(2)(COD = 1,5-cyclooctadiene) with triethylphosphine and pentafluoropyridine in hexane has been shown previously to yield trans-[NiF(2-C(5)NF(4))(PEt(3))(2)](1a) with a preference for reaction at the 2-position of the heteroaromatic. The corresponding reaction with 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoropyridine was shown to yield trans-[NiF(2-C(5)NF(3)H)(PEt(3))(2)](1b). In this paper, we show that reaction of Ni(COD)(2) with triethylphosphine and pentafluoropyridine in THF yields a mixture of 1a and 1b. Competition reactions of Ni(COD)(2) with triethylphosphine in the presence of mixtures of heteroaromatics in hexane reveal a kinetic preference of k(pentafluoropyridine):k(2,3,5,6-tetrafluoropyridine)= 5.4:1. Treatment of 1a and 1b with Me(3)SiN(3) affords trans-[Ni(N(3))(2-C(5)NF(4))(PEt(3))(2)](2a) and trans-[Ni(N(3))(2-C(5)NHF(3))(PEt(3))(2)](2b), respectively. The complex trans-[Ni(NCO)(2-C(5)NHF(3))(PEt(3))(2)](3b) is obtained on reaction of with Me(3)SiNCO and by photolysis of under CO, while trans-[Ni(eta(1)-C [triple bond CPh)(2-C(5)NF(4))(PEt(3))(2)](4a) is obtained by reaction of phenylacetylene with 1a. Addition of KCN, KI and NaOAc to complex 1a affords trans-[Ni(X)(2-C(5)NF(4))(PEt(3))(2)](5a X = CN, 6a X = I, 7a X = OAc), respectively. The PEt(3) groups of complex are readily replaced by addition of 1,2-bis(dicyclohexylphosphino)ethane (dcpe) to produce [NiF(2-C(5)F(4)N)(dcpe)](8a). Addition of dcpe to trans-[Ni(OTf)(2-C(5)F(4)N)(PEt(3))(2)](10a), however, yields the salt [Ni(2-C(5)F(4)N)(dcpe)(PEt(3))](OTf)(9a) by substitution of only one PEt(3) and displacement of the triflate ligand. The structures of 2b, 4a, 7a and 8a were determined by X-ray crystallography. The influence of different ancillary ligands on the bond lengths and angles of square-planar nickel structures with polyfluoropyridyl ligands is analysed.
Wave-front sensing by use of a Green's function solution to the intensity transport equation: reply to comment (2007)

A recent comment has pointed out that some practically important aberration modes have zero curvature and in consequence seem difficult to sense using phase-diversity approaches that are equivalent to curvature sensing. Here we comment on the approaches that should be adopted when faced with a need to measure such aberration modes.
Here Today, Gone Tomorrow: Exploiting Transient Servers in Datacenters (2014)

Distributed applications assume that datacenter servers are available unless they fail. Transient servers, which are available temporarily for an uncertain amount of time, are cheaper and more energy efficient than stable servers, which have continuous availability. This article looks at an important characteristic of transient servers: advance warning of unavailability. The Yank system defines a bounded-time virtual machine migration mechanism that leverages an advance warning of a few seconds to provide high availability cheaply and efficiently at large scales.
Deep Learning-Based Detail Map Estimation for MultiSpectral Image Fusion in Remote Sensing (2021)

This paper presents a deep learning-based estimation of the intensity component of MultiSpectral bands by considering joint multiplication of the neighbouring spectral bands. This estimation is conducted as part of the component substitution approach for fusion of PANchromatic and MultiSpectral images in remote sensing. After computing the band dependent intensity components, a deep neural network is trained to learn the nonlinear relationship between a PAN image and its nonlinear intensity components. Low Resolution MultiSpectral bands are then fed into the trained network to obtain an estimate of High Resolution MultiSpectral bands. Experiments conducted on three datasets show that the developed deep learning-based estimation approach provides improved performance compared to the existing methods based on three objective metrics.
Reliability studies on micro-joints for 3D-stacked chip (2015)

Three-dimensional chip stacking technology is expected to be a powerful method for achieving a short wiring distance between chips, and high-density integration of the functions in the chip, and to achieve the next generation's high-performance large-scale integration (LSI). Each vertically stacked chip is connected by a metal line that penetrates in Si that is called a TSV (Through Silicon Via). In the present study, the test element group (TEG) in the double-layered structure where a TSV was formed was made for trial purposes to develop elemental technology related to the correlation, design conditions, characteristics, and reliability that connected it to the stacking process conditions, and the thermal cycle test was executed. The junction disconnected by the thermal cycle test was observed, and the cause of the disconnection was presumed.
A Novel Tool Wear Measurement Method in Ultra-Precision Raster Milling (2016)

Tool wear measurement has drawn a significant of attention in the past decades. However, no research has been found on the investigation of tool wear measurement in ultra-precision raster milling (UPRM) process since it is a relative complex cutting process. In the present study, tool wear characteristics were identified by using cutting chip morphologies and a groove cutting. Tool wear investigation using cutting chips is effective because diamond tool wear characteristics can be directly imprinted on the cutting chip surface. Through the inspection of chip surfaces, the profile and location of the tool fracture can be identified. Also, through the groove cutting, the cutting edge retreat due to the tool flank wear can be identified. In this research, a mathematical model was established to calculate the tool retreat. The experimental result shows that the proposed tool wear investigation method is an effective method.
Acyclic stereoselection. Part 34. Stereoselection in the Michael addition reaction. 4. Diastereofacial preferences in Lewis acid-mediated additions of enolsilanes to chiral enones (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleAcyclic stereoselection. Part 34. Stereoselection in the Michael addition reaction. 4. Diastereofacial preferences in Lewis acid-mediated additions of enolsilanes to chiral enonesClayton H. Heathcock and David E. UehlingCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 2, 279–280Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00352a040https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00352a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views337Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Nonmyeloablative conditioning with total lymphoid irradiation and antithymocyte globulin: an update (2009)

This review summarizes the evolution of the preclinical TLI protocols and their recent translation to clinical trials, and discusses the mechanisms involved in protection from GVHD and the induction of tolerance following mixed chimerism.
Unified flyback switching-cell model including the leakage inductance effects for SPICE simulation (2004)

A unified behavioral model based on the flyback transformer, including its leakage inductance, is presented in this paper. The proposed switched transformer model is applicable to simulate topology-independent converters under both continuous (CCM) and discontinuous (DCM) conduction modes. The model can be used in modeling more complicated converter topologies with nonidealities, such as leakage inductance and snubber networks. Simulation results using the proposed model show the over-looked effect of the transformer leakage inductance on the high frequency transfer function response of the flyback converter. The time domain simulation results show a good accuracy and significant reduction in the simulation time.
Innovations for Intelligent Edge (2022)

Massive amounts of data will continue to be generated when everything becomes intelligent and connected, and where data-driven decision making becomes a necessity. Data sources are also becoming increasingly distributed and mobile. These trends have resulted in the rise of the Intelligent Edge, where compute is brought closer to the data source to address scale and latency requirements. The opportunity is to leverage the emerging confluence of compute, communication, and AI at the Edge to wisely partition complex workloads between Edge and Cloud, and to transform the way human and machines interact with the world. Consequently, industry and academia need to innovate faster than ever in key technologies to keep up with this rapidly evolving market. This keynote will cover the required technology innovations and challenges in both 1) monolithic/heterogeneous integration on the technology side, as well as (2) design and architecture on the circuits/systems side, spanning both compute and connectivity domains for a digitized world where everything can be made intelligent and connected.