gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultra-broadband Nanophotonics via Adaptive Inverse Design (2021)

We present an inverse design method for achieving unprecedented performance and ultra wide bandwidth based on direct adaptive refinement of the device geometry. We experimentally demonstrate a 90/10 splitter with more than 200 nm bandwidth.
Front Cover: A Series of Dibenzofuran‐Based n‐Type Exciplex Host Partners Realizing High‐Efficiency and Stable Deep‐Red Phosphorescent OLEDs (Chem. Eur. J. 30/2019) (2019)

Profondo rosso: Highly efficient and long-life deep-red organic light-emitting devices are demonstrated in this work, by using a novel dibenzofuran-based n-type exciplex host partner. The picture represents that deep-red illumination significantly facilitates plant growth. More information can be found in the Full Paper by H. Sasabe, J. Kido, et al. on page 7308.
Investigation of the Frequency Dependency of Phase Angle Error in a Zero-flux Current Measuring System (2013)

Abstract: An important technique for traceable measurement of electrical current utilizes magnetic zero-flux current transformers. The technique is well established, but much remains to be understood regarding its practical upper frequency limit. Typically, zero-flux systems consist of a measuring head mounted around the primary current carrier and an electronic unit creating a balancing current in the compensation winding. In this paper the phenomena responsible for the frequency dependency of the phase angle error in zero-flux systems in the span 5 Hz – 10 kHz are described using two-channel power measuring systems as reference systems. The aim was to find out which part of the zero-flux systems that contributes most to the phase angle error. It was found that the error increases linearly with frequency between 22 Hz and 2500 Hz. At higher frequencies, the error passes a maximum in transition between the normal operation and the work regime as an ordinary transformer. It is shown that the electronic unit introduces the most significant contribution. A comparison is made between two reference systems using one zero-flux system as a transfer standard. The coincidence between the two reference systems is good.
Structural basis for channel conduction in the pump-like channelrhodopsin ChRmine (2022)

ChRmine, a recently discovered pump-like cation-conducting channelrhodopsin, exhibits puzzling properties (large photocurrents, red-shifted spectrum, and extreme light sensitivity) that have created new opportunities in optogenetics. ChRmine and its homologs function as ion channels but, by primary sequence, more closely resemble ion pump rhodopsins; mechanisms for passive channel conduction in this family have remained mysterious. Here, we present the 2.0 Å resolution cryo-EM structure of ChRmine, revealing architectural features atypical for channelrhodopsins: trimeric assembly, a short transmembrane-helix 3, a twisting extracellular-loop 1, large vestibules within the monomer, and an opening at the trimer interface. We applied this structure to design three proteins (rsChRmine and hsChRmine, conferring further red-shifted and high-speed properties, respectively, and frChRmine, combining faster and more red-shifted performance) suitable for fundamental neuroscience opportunities. These results illuminate the conduction and gating of pump-like channelrhodopsins and point the way toward further structure-guided creation of channelrhodopsins for applications across biology.
Modulating the Porosity of Cryogels by Influencing the Nonfrozen Liquid Phase through the Addition of Inert Solutes (2010)

The freezing of monomeric mixtures is known to concentrate solutes in a nonfrozen phase in the area surrounding the ice crystals. The concentration of such solutes is determined by the freezing temperature. Although salts or solvents do not directly react in the polymerization reaction, they do change the composition and properties of the nonfrozen phase. In this study, we investigated the influence of the addition of various salts and solvents on the structure of macroporous hydrogels formed in a semifrozen state through aqueous free-radical polymerization. The change in composition of the nonfrozen phase was studied using NMR to monitor the freezing of water, and the structural changes of the gels were observed using scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the addition of methanol or acetone caused the formation of reaction-induced phase separation polymerization due to cryoconcentration, which caused a significant increase of methanol or acetone in the nonfrozen phase. This resulted in a material with bimodal pore size distribution with pores of 10-80 μm in diameter caused by cryogelation, and with pores in the polymeric matrix with a diameter of less than 1 μm due to the reaction-induced phase separation. Addition of salts to the monomeric mixture resulted in a structure with only pores of 10-80 μm in diameter due to cryogelation. Increasing the amount of salts added resulted in the formation of thicker pore walls and thus a slight reduction in pore size compared to a sample with no added solute. The possibility of changing the structure and properties of the gels by adding different solutes could open up new applications for these materials, for example, chromatography applications.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Radical‐Based Synthesis of Lactams and Indolones from Dithiocarbonates (Xanthates). (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Characterization of Porphyrins, Chlorins, and Bacteriochlorins Formed via Allomerization of Bacteriochlorophylla. Synthesis of Highly Stable Bacteriopurpurinimides and Their Metal Complexes (2006)

Allomerization of bacteriochlorophyll a (Bchl a) was studied under various reaction conditions. Bchl a on stirring with KOH/propanol produced an "unstable bacteriochlorin", which decomposed in acidic conditions to give a complex mixture containing bacteriopurpurin a as a principal component. The yields of other compounds varied and were found to be dependent on reaction condition. The structures of the isolated porphyrins, chlorins, and bacteriochlorins, related to Bchl a, were assigned on the basis of 1D, 2D NMR (ROESY), and mass spectroscopy analyses. The presence of fused anhydride rings in porphyrin, chlorin, and bacterichlorin systems showed a significant influence on their optical properties. Compared to bacteriochlorophyll a and bacteriopheophytin, the related structurally modified analogues, e.g., the bacteriopurpurin a, 13(1)/15(1)-N-alkyl isoimide, and the imide analogues were found to be more stable with a significant difference in spectroscopic properties. Bacteriochlorins containing anhydride, imide, or isoimide cyclic rings demonstrated a significant bathochromic shift of their Q bands in their electronic absorption spectra. Under basic conditions the formation of the 12-hydroxymethyl, 12-formyl, and 12-methylene analogues as byproducts from the 12-methyl-bacteriopurpurin-N-hexylimide could be due to subsequent oxidation of the vinylogous enolate intermediates. To investigate the effect of the central metal in the electronic spectra, the stable bacteriopurpurin-18-N-hexylimide was converted to a series of metal complexes [Zn(II), Cd(II), and Pd(II)] by following the direct or transmetalation approaches. Compared to the free-base analogue, these complexes showed a remarkable shift in their electronic absorption spectra.
Hole-Mobility Enhancement in Ge-Rich Strained SiGe-on-Insulator pMOSFETs at High Temperatures (2007)

Temperature dependence of hole mobility in Ge-rich strained SiGe-on-insulator (SGOI) pMOSFETs was investigated up to 473 K in order to examine the advantage in mobility at temperatures in operating very-large-scale-integrated circuit (VLSI) devices, which are significantly higher than room temperature. High-temperature operation and hole-mobility enhancements are demonstrated up to 473 K for the SGOI-pMOSFETs, which were fabricated by the Ge-condensation technique. The observed drain-current enhancements at 473 K against that of a reference SOI-pMOSFET were almost the same as those at 300 K. Phonon-limited mobility, which ultimately dominates mobility at high temperatures, was extracted by analyzing the temperature dependence of mobility down to 23 K. The extracted phonon-limited mobility exhibited enhancement factors of 12 and 5.5 at 473 K for SGOI devices with Ge fractions of 0.92 and 0.59, respectively, suggesting that such strained-SGOI channels retain the advantage in mobility at elevated temperatures in operating the VLSI devices
[Serologic and skin test diagnosis of birch pollen allergy with recombinant Bet v 1, the chief allergen of birch]. (1996)

Our results document that recombinant Bet v 1 produced in bacterial expression systems allows accurate in vitro and in vivo diagnosis of birch pollen allergy in > 95% of birch pollen allergic patients.
Dietary α-Eleostearic Acid Ameliorates Experimental Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Mice by Activating Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ (2011)

This study serves as the first significant step toward a large-scale VS protocol for natural PPARγ agonist screening that includes a massively diverse ligand library and structures that represent multiple known target pharmacophores.
Tuning of an SG-Y Branch Laser for WDM-PON (2012)

We report wideband tuning and wavelength stabilization of a low-cost SG-Y branch laser without cooler over &gt;10°C temperature drift by means of a wavelength locker which is shared between all channels in a WDM-PON system.
FRF Correlation and Error Metrics for Plant Identification (2005)

In plant identification and modeling efforts, metrics are needed to quantitatively compare experimental data to model predictions. Quantitative metrics broadly fall into five categories: Performance Metrics; Correlation Metrics; Error Metrics; Data Quality Metrics; and Model Interpretation Metrics. This paper describes the utility of frequency response function (FRF) correlation and error metrics for plant identification based on response data collected from dynamic tests of complex space structures. Three correlation metrics and three error metrics are discussed. MIMO extensions to the correlation metrics are presented and their application is demonstrated on data collected from spacecraft- representative structures. (k U - matrix of left singular vectors associated with the non-zero singular values of the identified model complex response at frequency f(k) ) (k V - matrix of right singular vectors associated with the non-zero singular values of the identified model complex response at frequency f(k) ) ( ˆ k U - matrix of left singular vectors associated with the non-zero singular values of the measured complex response at frequency f(k) ) ( ˆ k V - matrix of right singular vectors associated with the non-zero singular values of the measured complex response at frequency f(k)
An FPGA-based accelerator for cortical object classification (2012)

Recently significant advances have been achieved in understanding the visual information processing in the human brain. The focus of this work is on the design of an architecture to support HMAX, a widely accepted model of the human visual pathway. The computationally intensive nature of HMAX and wide applicability in real-time visual analysis application makes the design of hardware accelerators a key necessity. In this work, we propose a configurable accelerator mapped efficiently on a FPGA to realize real-time feature extraction for vision-based classification algorithms. Our innovations include the efficient mapping of the proposed architecture on the FPGA as well as the design of an efficient memory structure. Our evaluation shows that the proposed approach is significantly faster than other contemporary solutions on different platforms.
Effect of alkyl substitution of dowfaxTM surfactants in styrene‐butadiene emulsion copolymerization (1990)

Abstract Typical emulsifier surface properties such as the CMC, concentration at interface saturation, the free energy of adsorption and micellization, and the efficiency in reducing interfacial tension were determined for different DOWFAX TM surfactants in the presence and absence of electrolyte. The emulsifiers' surface activity was correlated with their performance in the preparation of 50%‐solids 60:40 styrene‐butadiene latexes. The results showed that the latex particle size is dependent on the strength of emulsifier adsorption at the particle interface.
Characterization of Coarse Particles Formed by Laser Ablation of MALDI Matrixes (2003)

The quantity and size distribution of micrometer-sized particles ejected from thin crystalline films of organic molecules was measured with light scattering particle sizing. Four compounds that are commonly used as matrix materials in matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) were studied: 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB), sinapic acid, 4-nitroaniline, and 2-(4-hydroxyphenylazo)benzoic acid (HABA). Thin films of these matrixes were irradiated at atmospheric pressure with a 4 ns pulsed 337 nm nitrogen laser. Particulate resulting from the ablation was sampled directly into a particle sizing instrument. The mean aerodynamic diameter of the coarse particles formed at a laser fluence of 500 J/m2 was approximately 700 nm for all matrixes. This value does not include particles below 500 nm, which are not accurately measured by the particle sizing instrument. The threshold for detection of particles from the DHB matrix was found to be 300 J/m2 and it was estimated that an average of 1000 particles in the micrometer size range are ejected per laser shot. The fluence threshold and quantity of material ablated are similar to that observed for MALDI ion formation, suggesting that the role of large particle formation in this process is significant.
IPv6 DAD Enhancements for handling Layer1 Loopbacks (2011)

It is a common practice to install a (soft or hard) loop on a circuit
interface for various purposes (e.g. circuit turn-up test). However,
this practice results in disabling IPv6 on an interface even after the
loop is removed, due to the way IPv6 duplicate address detection is
performed. This document describes a mechanism to allow IPv6 to self-
heal after such a loop is placed & removed.
Passive Immunization With a Novel Monoclonal Anti-PrP Antibody TW1 in an Alzheimer’s Mouse Model With Tau Pathology (2021)

Neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) are a major pathologic hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Several studies have shown that amyloid β oligomers (Aβo) and tau oligomers mediate their toxicity, in part, <i>via</i> binding to cellular prion protein (PrP<sup>C</sup>) and that some anti-PrP antibodies can block this interaction. We have generated a novel monoclonal anti-PrP antibody (TW1) and assessed the efficacy of passive immunization with it in a mouse model of AD with extensive tau pathology: hTau/PS1 transgenic (Tg) mice. These mice were injected intraperitoneally once a week with TW1 starting at 5 months of age. Behavior was assessed at 8 months of age and brain tissue was subsequently harvested for analysis of treatment efficacy at 9 months. Mice treated with TW1 did not show any significant difference in sensorimotor testing including traverse beam, rotarod, and locomotor activity compared to controls. Significant cognitive benefits were observed with the novel object recognition test (ORT) in the immunized mice (two-tailed, <i>t</i>-test <i>p</i> = 0.0019). Immunized mice also showed cognitive benefits on the closed field symmetrical maze (day 1 two-tailed <i>t</i>-test <i>p</i> = 0.0001; day 2 two-tailed <i>t</i>-test <i>p</i> = 0.0015; day 3 two-tailed <i>t</i>-test <i>p</i> = 0.0002). Reduction of tau pathology was observed with PHF-1 immunohistochemistry in the piriform cortex by 60% (two-tailed <i>t</i>-test <i>p</i> = 0.01) and in the dentate gyrus by 50% (two-tailed <i>t</i>-test <i>p</i> = 0.02) in animals treated with TW1 compared to controls. There were no significant differences in astrogliosis or microgliosis observed between treated and control mice. As assessed by Western blots using PHF-1, the TW1 therapy reduced phosphorylated tau pathology (two-tailed <i>t</i>-test <i>p</i> = 0.03) and improved the ratio of pathological soluble tau to tubulin (PHF1/tubulin; two-tailed <i>t</i>-test <i>p</i> = 0.0006). Reduction of tau pathology also was observed using the CP13 antibody (two-tailed <i>t</i>-test <i>p</i> = 0.0007). These results indicate that passive immunization with the TW1 antibody can significantly decrease tau pathology as assessed by immunohistochemical and biochemical methods, resulting in improved cognitive function in a tau transgenic mouse model of AD.
Unprecedented Shape Selectivity in Hydrogenation of Triacylglycerol Molecules with Pt/ZSM‐5 Zeolite (2011)

Well tuned: ZSM-5 with platinum nanoparticles preferably hydrogenates trans fatty acids over cis isomers in model triacylglycerols for geometric reasons. The central fatty acid chain reacts faster, pointing to pore mouth adsorption in a tuning fork conformation (see picture). This conformation induces stepwise hydrogenation, resulting in fast removal of the unstable central triene, while formation of saturated chains is limited. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Systemic delivery of large-scale manufactured Wharton’s Jelly mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles improves cardiac function after myocardial infarction (2021)

These findings have important implications for scale-up strategies of EVs and will facilitate clinical trials for their clinical evaluation.
ChemInform Abstract: IC202A, a New Siderophore with Immunosuppressive Activity Produced by Streptoalloteichus sp. 1454‐19. Part 2. Physico‐Chemical Properties and Structure Elucidation. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Fully automatic segmentation of wrist bones for arthritis patients (2011)

A reliable method to evaluate and follow the course of arthritis is given by examination of the carpal bones within the wrist joint. Humans typically have eight such small angular bones arranged in two rows. The small size as well as the number make manual segmentation for an analysis of the disease progression a tedious process. Further, fully automatic approaches are still not very reliable. To support medical treatment we present a fully automatic machine learning approach which (i) finds a bounding box around every bone and (ii) outlines the contour and computes a 3-D model of every carpal. The proposed approach has been successfully evaluated on 110 clinical wrist data sets of arthritis patients. The data consists of 59 T1 and 51 T2 weighted MRI images. With the point-to-mesh error deviating from ground truth an average of 0.48 ± 0.45 mm / 0.59 ± 0.49 mm on T1 / T2 modality, accurate segmentation results have been achieved.
Focus shaping using cylindrical vector beams (2002)

We report a focus shaping technique using generalized cylindrical vector beams. A generalized cylindrical vector beam can be decomposed into radially polarized and azimuthally polarized components. Such a generalized cylindrical beam can be generated from a radially polarized or an azimuthally polarized light using a two-half-wave-plate polarization rotator. The intensity pattern at the focus can be tailored by appropriately adjusting the rotation angle. Peak-centered, donut and flattop focal shapes can be obtained using this technique.
A generic test of gas phase isolated binary collision theories for vibrational relaxation at liquid state densities based on the rescaling properties of collision frequencies (1990)

The X state vibrational relaxation of geminately recombined I2 in liquid Xe is monitored as a function of solvent density by means of transient absorption spectroscopy. Plots of vibrational energy vs time at different solvent density can be exactly overlapped by linearly scaling the time axis. This linear scaling behavior indicates that the isolated binary collision (IBC) model’s assumption regarding the density independence of the probability of relaxation per collision is valid at liquid densities, even for a low frequency oscillator (≊200 cm−1). This new method of testing the IBC model’s validity at liquid density is independent of the explicit form of the intermolecular potential and is independent of a determination of collision frequency and thus, eliminates the ambiguities associated with evaluating this quantity.
Nonlinear model for Dynamic Synapse Neural Network (2012)

This paper presents a simplified nonlinear model for Dynamic Synapse Neural Network (DSNN) which is based on nonlinear dynamics of neurons in the hippocampus, using a recurrent neural network. The proposed model will be utilized in place of DSNN for various applications which require simpler implementation and faster training, maintaining the same performance as a nonlinear system model, classifier, or pattern recognizer. This model was tested in two different structure and training methods, by learning the input-output relationship of a few DSNNs with sets of experimentally-determined coefficients. The results showed that this model can capture DSNN's complicated nonlinear dynamics in a temporal domain with less computational cost and faster training.
Performance of the Transverse Oscillation method using beamformed data from a commercial scanner (2009)

Blood velocity estimates using conventional color flow imaging (CFI) or Doppler techniques are angle dependent. One of the proposed techniques to overcome this limitation is the Transverse Oscillation (TO) method, which also estimates the lateral velocity components. The performance of this is evaluated on a commercial platform. Beamformed data are acquired using a commercial BK Medical scanner as opposed to the previously reported results obtained with the experimental scanner RASMUS. The implementation is evaluated using an in-house circulating flow rig by calculating the relative mean standard deviation and bias of the velocity components. The relative mean standard deviation decreases as the number of shots per estimate increases and a value of 5% is obtained for 64 shots per estimate. For a center frequency of 5 MHz at 60°, 75°, and 90°, the relative mean bias varies from 21% to 27% and is lowest at a transmit focal depth close to the center of the vessel. The present performance is comparable with the results from the experimental scanner and simulations. It is obtained with only few changes to the conventional CFI setup and further optimization can improve the performance. This illustrates the feasibility of implementing the TO method on a commercial platform for real-time estimation.
Figure S6 from The Highly Recurrent PP2A Aα-Subunit Mutation P179R Alters Protein Structure and Impairs PP2A Enzyme Function to Promote Endometrial Tumorigenesis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental data for the investigations of tumorigenic phenotypes in the UT89 and UT42 isogenic cell line model systems&lt;/p&gt;