gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Crosslinkable Hole‐Transport Layer on Conducting Polymer for High‐Efficiency White Polymer Light‐Emitting Diodes (2007)

High-efficiency white polymer light-emitting diodes are demonstrated by using a hole-injection/transport bilayer. The excellent solvent resistance of the fully crosslinked hole-injection layer ensures the subsequent solution processing of the light-emitting layer. High power efficiency can be achieved. The device also emits quite stable white light. The figure shows a schematic of the device and the chemical structure of the VB-TCTA layer.
A porous silicon intermediate reflector in thin film epitaxial silicon solar cells as a gettering site of impurities (2009)

Abstract In this work, we study the gettering properties of a porous silicon (Psi) intermediate reflector. This type of reflector is used currently in the thin film epitaxial silicon solar cell approach. The porous layers are electrochemically etched into low‐cost, highly contaminated UMG (Upgraded Metallurgical Grade) Si in order to investigate the influence of impurity diffusion to the active layer due to the high thermal budget during epitaxial growth. When implemented into a solar cell, a porous silicon (Psi) multilayer stack consisting of layers with alternating porosities can serve as a gettering site for impurities that originate from the substrate. This statement is confirmed in our present work by several techniques such as SIMS (Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry) and TXRF (Total Reflection X‐Ray Fluorescence). Additionally to these experiments, solar cell results are presented, for which the active layer is grown with two different growth rates on top of porous silicon (Psi) multilayer stack and on two different types of multicrystalline silicon substrates: UMG (Upgraded Metallurgical Grade) and OFFSPEC (Out‐of spec silicon material treated as a waste from Integrated Circuits industry). (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Modeling electronegative discharges at low pressure (1995)

Summary form only given, as follows. In a previous study, a macroscopic analytic model was developed for a plasma discharge with a three component (electronegative) core and an electropositive edge region. Both regions were treated in the high pressure approximation of constant mobility for the positive ions. We extend the treatment to low pressures for which the ion thermal velocity within the electropositive region is much less than the ion flow velocity by using a variable mobility model with constant mean free path for the positive ions. The density at the interface between the electropositive region and the sheath is determined by generalizing the low pressure electropositive solutions to a finite flow boundary condition at the interface with the electronegative plasma. The results are also extended to a wider parameter range in which the electropositive region disappears and a more general Bohm loss condition holds at the plasma-sheath interface. It is also possible to have an additional transition region in which the flow at the edge of the electronegative region is required to be sonic. The resulting algebraic equations are solved numerically over all parameter ranges and compared to analytical approximations. It is shown that the formalism can be extended to two positive ion species (four plasma components), and explicit equations for oxygen are presented.
Current treatment options for penile fractures. (2004)

The diagnosis of "penile fracture" describes the traumatic rupture of the tunica albuginea of an erect penis. Penile fractures typically occur when the engorged penile corpora are forced to buckle and literally "pop" under the pressure of a blunt sexual trauma. Patients typically describe immediate detumescence, severe pain, and swelling as a result of the injury. Prompt surgical exploration and corporal repair is the most efficacious therapy. Although a majority of cases can be diagnosed from the history and physical examination alone, radiographic studies, including retrograde urethrography and corporal cavernosography can aid in the diagnosis of unusual cases.
Modified Nucleoside Dependent Watson−Crick and Wobble Codon Binding by tRNALysUUU Species (2000)

Nucleoside modifications are important to the structure of all tRNAs and are critical to the function of some tRNA species. The transcript of human tRNA(Lys3)(UUU) with a UUU anticodon, and the corresponding anticodon stem and loop domain (ASL(Lys3)(UUU)), are unable to bind to poly-A programmed ribosomes. To determine if specific anticodon domain modified nucleosides of tRNA(Lys) species would restore ribosomal binding and also affect thermal stability, we chemically synthesized ASL(Lys) heptadecamers and site-specifically incorporated the anticodon domain modified nucleosides pseudouridine (Psi(39)), 5-methylaminomethyluridine (mnm(5)U(34)) and N6-threonylcarbamoyl-adenosine (t(6)A(37)). Incorporation of t(6)A(37) and mnm(5)U(34) contributed structure to the anticodon loop, apparent by increases in DeltaS, and significantly enhanced the ability of ASL(Lys3)(UUU) to bind poly-A programmed ribosomes. Neither ASL(Lys3)(UUU)-t(6)A(37) nor ASL(Lys3)(UUU)-mnm(5)U(34) bound AAG programmed ribosomes. Only the presence of both t(6)A(37) and mnm(5)U(34) enabled ASL(Lys3)(UUU) to bind AAG programmed ribosomes, as well as increased its affinity for poly-A programmed ribosomes to the level of native Escherichia coli tRNA(Lys). The completely unmodified anticodon stem and loop of human tRNA(Lys1,2)(CUU) with a wobble position-34 C bound AAG, but did not wobble to AAA, even when the ASL was modified with t(6)A(37). The data suggest that tRNA(Lys)(UUU) species require anticodon domain modifications in the loop to impart an ordered structure to the anticodon for ribosomal binding to AAA and require a combination of modified nucleosides to bind AAG.
A Randomized Trial of High-dose Influenza Vaccine in Adult Solid-Organ Transplant Recipients (2017)

Abstract Background The annual influenza vaccine is recommended for solid-organ transplant recipients (SOTR) although studies have shown suboptimal immunogenicity. Influenza vaccine containing higher dose antigen may lead to greater immunogenicity in this population. Method We conducted a randomized, observer-blind trial comparing the safety and immunogenicity of high dose (HD; FluzoneHD, Sanofi) vs. standard dose (SD; Fluviral, GSK) influenza vaccine in adult SOTR. Patients were randomized 1:1 to receive the 2016–2017 influenza vaccine. Preimmunization and 4-week postimmunization sera underwent strain-specific hemagglutination inhibition assay for the three vaccine strains and an additional B strain not included in the vaccine. Result We randomized 172 patients and 161 (84 HD; 77 SD) were eligible for analysis. Median age was 57 years (range 18–86) and time from transplant was 38 (range 3–1402) months. Types of transplant were kidney 67 (39.0%), liver 38 (22.1%), lung 25 (14.5%), heart 23 (13.3%), and combined 19 (11.0%). Seroconversion to at least one of the three vaccine antigens (primary outcome) was present in 78.6% vs. 55.8% in HD vs. SD vaccine, respectively (P &amp;lt; 0.001). Seroconversion to A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and B strains were 40.5% vs. 20.5%, 57.1% vs. 32.5%, and 58.3% vs. 41.6% in HD vs. SD vaccine (P = 0.006, 0.002, 0.028, respectively). Postimmunization geometric mean titers of A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and B strains were significantly higher in the HD group &amp;#x2028;(P = 0.007, 0.002, 0.033). Independent factors associated with seroconversion to at least one vaccine strain were the use of HD vaccine and being on mycophenolate doses less than 2 g daily (P = 0.003, 0.013, respectively). Seroconversion rate to the B strain not included in the trivalent study vaccine was also higher in the HD vaccine group (33.3% vs. 14.1%, P = 0.004). Local and systemic adverse events were similar for the two vaccines. Biopsy-proven rejection was seen in 3.4% vs. 1.2% in HD vs. SD groups, respectively (P = 0.62). Two patients in the SD vaccine group and one in the HD group developed influenza infection during the follow-up. Conclusion High-dose vaccine demonstrated significantly better immunogenicity than SD vaccine in adult transplant recipients and may be the preferred influenza vaccine for this population. Disclosures D. Kumar, Sanofi: Speaker’s Bureau, Speaker honorarium. Pfizer: Speaker’s Bureau, Speaker honorarium. GSK: Grant Investigator, Grant recipient.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Hexaazacryptands Containing Furan and Benzene Groups in the Bridging Arms. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Sulfonated Polymerized Ionic Liquid Block Copolymers (2016)

The successful synthesis of a new diblock copolymer, referred to as sulfonated polymerized ionic liquid (PIL) block copolymer, poly(SS-Li-b-AEBIm-TFSI), is reported, which contains both sulfonated blocks (sulfonated styrene: SS) and PIL blocks (1-[(2-acryloyloxy)ethyl]-3-butylimidazolium: AEBIm) with both mobile cations (lithium: Li(+) ) and mobile anions (bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide: TFSI(-) ). Synthesis consists of polymerization via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer, followed by post-functionalization reactions to covalently attach the imidazolium cations and sulfonic acid anions to their respective blocks, followed by ion exchange metathesis resulting in mobile Li(+) cations and mobile TFSI(-) anions. Solid-state films containing 1 m Li-TFSI salt dissolved in ionic liquid result in an ion conductivity of >1.5 mS cm(-1) at 70 °C, where small-angle X-ray scattering data indicate a weakly ordered microphase-separated morphology. These results demonstrate a new ion-conducting block copolymer containing both mobile cations and mobile anions.
TOWARD LOW-COST FABRICATION OF MICROCHANNEL PROCESS TECHNOLOGIES - COST MODELING FOR MANUFACTURING DEVELOPMENT (2010)

Chemical and energy conversion systems based on microchannel process technology (MPT) demonstrate high performance in applications in which rates are controlled by diffusive heat and mass transfer flux. The performance of MPT-based heat exchangers, absorbers/desorbers and chemical reactors all benefit from process intensification and have been used in a variety of mobile energy conversion systems including fuel reformers/converters, heat pumps and waste heat scavenging technologies. The service environments typical of MPTs often require the devices to be fabricated from metals such as aluminum, titanium, stainless steel or high temperature super alloys. Flow channels and associated critical dimensions in these devices can be as small as 50 um, but generally range from 100 to 1000 um in width and height with characteristic flow channel lengths normally in the mm to cm range. High surface area architectures (e.g. wicks or textured surfaces) are often included in the flow channels as well for enhanced mass transfer and/or catalytic functionality. Fabrication of MPT devices has historically been performed using a stacked-shim approach in which individual metal sheets are first patterned with micro- and meso-scale flow channels and subsequently bonded in a stack to create an array of miniaturized, parallel flow paths. Typical proof-of-concept fabricationmore » efforts have utilized photo chemical machining (PCM) for shim patterning and diffusion bonding or diffusion brazing for joining of shim stacks. While flexible and capable of supporting technology demonstration, however, these techniques can be expensive at prototyping volumes. The high fabrication cost associated with these prototyping processes has contributed to a perception that MPT technology is expensive and will be relegated to a small application space. Recent work at the Microproducts Breakthrough Institute (MBI) has focused on exploring the cost structure of high volume manufacturing of MPT devices in effort to identify new paths to lower cost fabrication. Through systematic exploration of fabrication process capabilities and associated cost structures, the MBI is developing volume-sensitive cost estimation models for predicting manufacturing costs of MPT devices fabricated using different processing technologies. The process-based cost models are used to develop an understanding of the economic trade-offs between candidate processes and are utilized in a design for manufacturing approach to MPT device fabrication. In this paper we present results and analysis of the cost modeling effort to date and apply the methodology in case study of a stainless steel MPT device designed, built and tested by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Extensions of the model to adjacent material sets and the interaction of device designs with fabrication processes will be discussed.« less
Supplementary Table 1 from <i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i> Activity of the Low-Immunogenic Antimesothelin Immunotoxin RG7787 in Pancreatic Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF - 60K, Toxicity studies for RG7787 were performed in athymic nude mice. General health and weight was evaluated during therapy.&lt;/p&gt;
Characteristics of a parallel-module high power-factor AC-to-DC converter system with current-balancing controllers (2002)

Characteristics of a parallel-module high power-factor AC-to-DC power converter system using current-balancing controllers are presented. Problems caused by the parallel connection of power factor correction (PFC) power converter modules are discussed. Two types of current-balancing controllers, i.e. conventional and improved, are applied to the parallel-module PFC system to share the load current between the power converter modules. The effectiveness of the current-balancing controllers for the PFC power converter system is confirmed by experiment. The current-balancing controller improved here has fast transient response to load current sharing under dynamic conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclopropyl‐, Cyclopropylmethyl‐, and Dicyclopropylcarbenes (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Effects of Asn152 mutation on substrate selectivity of P99 cephalosporinase (2009)

In the past, physicians were able to combat bacterial infection by administration of beta‐lactam antibiotics. These drugs destroy bacteria by disrupting the final stage of cell wall synthesis. Bacteria, however, evolved resistance to these compounds by producing beta‐lactamase enzymes, which hydrolyze the lactam ring and render it inactive. Of major concern are bacteria that have become resistant by acquiring mutations in their beta‐lactamase genes. These mutations alter the selectivity of enzyme for substrate, thereby allowing the mutant enzyme to effectively break apart many different beta‐lactams, either in addition to, or at the expense of, their "preferred substrate". For the enzyme P99 cephalosporinase, it has been shown that mutation of the conserved asparagine residue at position 152 can have a substantial effect on substrate selectivity of the enzyme (Lefurgy, 2007). In this study, a full kinetic characterization of the N152G mutant was performed using several beta‐lactams. Attempts to crystallize the mutant are being performed under published conditions as well as new conditions obtained from high‐throughput screening techniques. Further studies of mutational effects on the Asn152 will help to elicit the detailed structure and function relationship for this residue and could potentially allow researchers to develop improved antibacterial drugs for clinical use.
Band Selectivity Based Digital Predistortion for Concurrent Dual-Band Transmitters (2019)

The deployment of wide- and multi-band signals necessitates the development of the digital predistortion (DPD) for radio frequency (RF) transmitters. This paper explores novel band selectivity based DPD techniques to linearize a wide-band RF power amplifier (PA) in concurrent dual-band transmitters with in-phase/quadrature (I/Q) impairments. The idea of this approach is related to the use of a selectivity of bands scheme which will diminish the digital sampling rates in DPD signal processing units and system bandwidth. Experimental results prove the effectiveness and the superiority of the proposed approach in comparison with the state-of-the-art work.
Rheological Tunability of Perovskite Precursor Solutions: From Spin Coating to Inkjet Printing Process (2019)

The high efficiencies (>22%) reached by perovskite-based optoelectronic devices in a very short period, demonstrates the great potential and tunability of this material. The current challenge lies in translating such efficiencies to commercially feasible forms produced through industrial fabrication methods. Herein, a novel first step towards the processability of starch-perovskite inks, developed in our previous work, is investigated, by using inkjet printing technology. The tunability of the viscosity of the starch-perovskite-based inks allows the selection of suitable concentrations to be used as printable inks. After exploration of several printing parameters, thick and opaque starch-perovskite nanocomposite films were obtained, showing interesting morphological and optical properties. The results obtained in this work underline the potential and versatility of our approach, opening the possibility to explore and optimize, in the future, further large-scale deposition methods towards fully printed and stable perovskite devices.
Adjuvant effect of non-toxic mutants of E. coli heat-labile enterotoxin following intranasal, oral and intravaginal immunization. (1998)

Cholera toxin and Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) are known to be very effective mucosal adjuvants, but their toxicity limits their use in humans. We genetically detoxified LT by substituting single residues in the active site of the enzymatic A subunit and obtained mutant molecules that retain mucosal adjuvant activity but are devoid of toxicity. These mutant LT molecules induce mucosal and systemic responses to antigens delivered intranasally, orally and intravaginally in mice. Furthermore, mucosal immunization with these molecules confers protection against systemic challenge with tetanus toxin (TT) and mucosal challenge with Helicobacter pylori.
Factorization of the Reconstruction Problem in Circular Cone-Beam Tomography and its Use for Stability Analysis (2006)

In this article, we propose a novel factorization of the circular cone-beam (CB) reconstruction problem into a set of independent 2D inversion problems. This factorization is established in the context of modern two-step Hilbert reconstruction methods by combining the ideas of an empirically derived CB inversion approach with a firm and exact theory. We were able to accurately discretize these 2D inversion problems, which allows a detailed investigation of CB reconstruction by using the singular value decomposition and also allows efficient iterative reconstruction approaches. The introduced theory is applied for preliminary studies of the stability of circular CB tomography assuming a short object. We analyzed, how the radius of the circular scan affects the stability and investigated the effect of an additional linear scan onto the condition of the problem. Numerical results are presented for a disc phantom.
Bariatric surgery: an IDF statement for obese Type 2 diabetes (2011)

The International Diabetes Federation Taskforce on Epidemiology and Prevention of Diabetes convened a consensus working group of diabetologists, endocrinologists, surgeons and public health experts to review the appropriate role of surgery and other gastrointestinal interventions in the treatment and prevention of Type 2 diabetes. The specific goals were: to develop practical recommendations for clinicians on patient selection; to identify barriers to surgical access and suggest interventions for health policy changes that ensure equitable access to surgery when indicated; and to identify priorities for research. Bariatric surgery can significantly improve glycaemic control in severely obese patients with Type 2 diabetes. It is an effective, safe and cost-effective therapy for obese Type 2 diabetes. Surgery can be considered an appropriate treatment for people with Type 2 diabetes and obesity not achieving recommended treatment targets with medical therapies, especially in the presence of other major co-morbidities. The procedures must be performed within accepted guidelines and require appropriate multidisciplinary assessment for the procedure, comprehensive patient education and ongoing care, as well as safe and standardized surgical procedures. National guidelines for bariatric surgery need to be developed for people with Type 2 diabetes and a BMI of 35 kg/m² or more.
Comprehensive Metabolite Profiling of Hydrangea macrophylla ssp. serrata Extracts Using Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Electrospray Ionization Ion Mobility Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (2022)

A wide range of secondary metabolites has been described for various <i>Hydrangea</i> species, including the sweet-tasting phenyldihydroisocoumarin phyllodulcin, which is found in the leaves of <i>Hydrangea macrophylla</i> ssp. <i>serrata</i>. This work aims at the development and validation of an analytical workflow for comprehensive semi-polar metabolite profiling using liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization ion mobility quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-IMS-QToF-MS) to complement existing analytical studies. The unsupervised analysis of this data set demonstrates the capability of this analytical workflow to distinguish different <i>H. macrophylla</i> ssp. <i>serrata</i> cultivars. In combination with supervised analysis, a list of metabolites responsible for the differentiation of the cultivars studied has been obtained. Suspect screening of phenyldihydroisocoumarins provides comprehensive information, which could help in the search for key enzymes related to the biosynthesis of phyllodulcin.
Comparing spectra from Time domain spectrometers and a polarizing Fourier transform spectrometer (2010)

We have performed a large set of spectroscopic measurements on a set of material samples and metal mesh grids with a THz Fourier transform spectrometer and two THz Time domain spectrometers. We used the statistical nature of the measurements from their repeatability and compared the results for the two different spectroscopic techniques. We find that the two systems are roughly equivalent with functional differences related to the frequencies of operation.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Characterization of a Naturally Occurring Breast Cancer Subset Enriched in Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Stem Cell Characteristics (2023)

Supplementary Figure 2 from Characterization of a Naturally Occurring Breast Cancer Subset Enriched in Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Stem Cell Characteristics
Haptic feedback of kinematic conditioning for telerobotic applications (2002)

Kinematic conditioning of robot manipulators is the problem where small motions in Cartesian space cause excessive joint velocities. This problem is significant in teleoperation. Haptic feedback provides the bi-directional flow of information which allows the operator to control the telerobot interactively. Haptic feedback of kinematic conditioning is proposed as a new approach to achieve better performance in telerobotic control near kinematic singularities. Four different singularity force feedback methods are defined and studied. Experimental results with a force feedback master and simulated slave system show that teleoperation performance near singular configurations was affected and improved by using singularity force feedback.