gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Maintenance of CD8+T-cell anergy by CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells in chronic graft-versus-host disease (2006)

In a murine model of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)-like chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD), donor CD8+ T cells rapidly fall into anergy to host cells, while donor CD4+ T cells hyperactivate B cells and break B-cell tolerance to self-Ags in the recipient mouse. The functional recovery of donor CD8+ T cells can result in the conversion of cGVHD to acute GVHD (aGVHD), indicating that donor CD8+ T-cell anergy is a restriction factor in the development of cGVHD. In this report, we present evidence that donor CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Treg cells) are critical in maintaining the donor CD8+ T-cell anergy and thus suppressing the development of aGVHD in mice that are naturally prone to cGVHD. Our results provide a novel insight into the role of Treg cells in determining cGVHD versus aGVHD.
NS5 of Dengue Virus Mediates STAT2 Binding and Degradation (2009)

The mammalian interferon (IFN) signaling pathway is a primary component of the innate antiviral response. As such, viral pathogens have devised multiple mechanisms to antagonize this pathway and thus facilitate infection. Dengue virus (DENV) encodes several proteins (NS2a, NS4a, and NS4b) that have been shown individually to inhibit the IFN response. In addition, DENV infection results in reduced levels of expression of STAT2, which is required for IFN signaling (M. Jones, A. Davidson, L. Hibbert, P. Gruenwald, J. Schlaak, S. Ball, G. R. Foster, and M. Jacobs, J. Virol. 79:5414-5420, 2005). Translation of the DENV genome results in a single polypeptide, which is processed by viral and host proteases into at least 10 separate proteins. To date, no single DENV protein has been implicated in the targeting of STAT2 for decreased levels of expression. We demonstrate here that the polymerase of the virus, NS5, binds to STAT2 and is necessary and sufficient for its reduced level of expression. The decrease in protein level observed requires ubiquitination and proteasome activity, strongly suggesting an active degradation process. Furthermore, we show that the degradation of but not binding to STAT2 is dependent on the expression of the polymerase in the context of a polyprotein that undergoes proteolytic processing for NS5 maturation. Thus, the mature form of NS5, when not expressed as a precursor, was able to bind to STAT2 but was unable to target it for degradation, establishing a unique role for viral polyprotein processing in providing an additional function to a viral polypeptide. Therefore, we have identified both a novel mechanism by which DENV evades the innate immune response and a potential target for antiviral therapeutics.
Chemistry, structure, and molecular dynamics of the tetrahydroboratotetracarbonylmolybdate(1-) anion, Mo(CO)4BH4- (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemistry, structure, and molecular dynamics of the tetrahydroboratotetracarbonylmolybdate(1-) anion, Mo(CO)4BH4-Stephen W. Kirtley, Mark A. Andrews, Robert Bau, Gregory W. Grynkewich, Tobin J. Marks, Donald L. Tipton, and Bruce R. WhittleseyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1977, 99, 22, 7154–7162Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00464a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00464a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views214Altmetric-Citations57LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Product collection recommendation in online retail (2019)

Recommender systems are an integral part of eCommerce services, helping to optimize revenue and user satisfaction. Bundle recommendation has recently gained attention by the research community since behavioral data supports that users often buy more than one product in a single transaction. In most cases, bundle recommendations are of the form "users who bought product A also bought products B, C, and D". Although such recommendations can be useful, there is no guarantee that products A, B, C, and D may actually be related to each other. In this paper, we address the problem of collection recommendation, i.e., recommending a collection of products that share a common theme and can potentially be purchased together in a single transaction. We extend on traditional approaches that use mostly transactional data by incorporating both domain knowledge from product suppliers in the form of hierarchies, as well as textual attributes from the products. Our approach starts by combining product hierarchies together with transactional data or domain knowledge to identify candidate sets of product collections. Then, it generates the product collection recommendations from these candidate sets by learning a deep similarity model that leverages textual attributes. Experimental evaluation on real data from the Home Depot online retailer shows that the proposed solution can recommend collections of products with increased accuracy when compared to expert-crafted collections.
Object Detection in Thermal Spectrum for Advanced Driver-Assistance Systems (ADAS) (2021)

AI-based smart thermal perception systems can cater to the limitations of conventional imaging sensors by providing a more reliable data source in low-lighting conditions and adverse weather conditions. This research evaluates and modifies the state-of-the-art object detection and classifier framework for thermal vision with seven key object classes in order to provide superior thermal sensing and scene understanding input for advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS). The networks are trained on public datasets and is validated on test data with three different test approaches which include test-time augmentation, test-time with no augmentation, and test-time with model ensembling. Additionally, a new model ensemble-based inference engine is proposed, and its efficacy is tested on locally gathered novel test data comprising of 20K thermal frames captured with an uncooled LWIR prototype thermal camera in challenging weather and environmental scenarios. The performance analysis of trained models is investigated by computing precision, recall, and mean average precision scores (mAP). Furthermore, the smaller network variant of thermal-YOLO architecture is optimized using TensorRT inference accelerator, which is then deployed on GPU and resource-constrained edge hardware Nvidia Jetson Nano. This is implemented to explicitly reduce the inference time on GPU as well as on Nvidia Jetson Nano to evaluate the feasibility for added real-time onboard installations.
Letter of Intent to Fermilab: Precision Tests of CPT and Gravity Using Low Energy Antimatter at Fermilab (1990)

At the workshop entitled "Physics at Fermilab in the 1990's", held in Breckenridge, Colorado on 15-24 August 1989, approximately two dozen particle/atomic physicists met to review new physics that could be done with the Antiproton Accumulator. Several interesting topics emerged. Prominent among these were tests of invariance principles inherent in the theories of gravity and electromagnetism, specifically the weak equivalence principle and CPT. Although LEAR is capable in principle of achieving significant tests in these areas, it was felt that, considering the extreme degree of difficulty and considerable time required to perfect these experiments and the uncertainty of the future of LEAR, plans should be made to establish a capability at Fermilab to carry out this work to its deserving conclusion. Since that time, a collaboration has been formed for the purpose of informing Fermilab of this exciting physics and to outline an experimental program as presented in this letter-of-intent. The remainder of this report reviews in brief the physics objectives and techniques which we feel are appropriate to these goals, and the accelerator developments required to carry out an experimental program.
Depth map reconstruction using color-based region merging (2011)

This paper presents a novel depth map enhancement method which takes as inputs a single view and an initial depth estimate. A region-based framework is introduced wherein a color-based partition of the image is created and depth uncertainty areas are identified according to the alignment of detected depth discontinuities and region borders. A color-based homogeneity criterion is used to guide a constrained region merging process and reconstruct depth estimates within the uncertainty areas. Experimental results on publicly available test sequences illustrate the potential of the algorithm in significantly improving low quality depth estimates.
Complement factor P is a ligand for the natural killer cell–activating receptor NKp46 (2017)

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are involved in immune responses to microbes and various stressed cells, such as tumor cells. They include group 1 [such as natural killer (NK) cells and ILC1], group 2, and group 3 ILCs. Besides their capacity to respond to cytokines, ILCs detect their targets through a series of cell surface-activating receptors recognizing microbial and nonmicrobial ligands. The nature of some of these ligands remains unclear, limiting our understanding of ILC biology. We focused on NKp46, which is highly conserved in mammals and expressed by all mature NK cells and subsets of ILC1 and ILC3. We show here that NKp46 binds to a soluble plasma glycoprotein, the complement factor P (CFP; properdin), the only known positive regulator of the alternative complement pathway. Consistent with the selective predisposition of patients lacking CFP to lethal <i>Neisseria meningitidis</i> (Nm) infections, NKp46 and group 1 ILCs bearing this receptor were found to be required for mice to survive Nm infection. Moreover, the beneficial effects of CFP treatment for Nm infection were dependent on NKp46 and group 1 NKp46+ ILCs. Thus, group 1 NKp46+ ILCs interact with the complement pathway, via NKp46, revealing a cross-talk between two partners of innate immunity in the response to an invasive bacterial infection.
Doppler velocity detection limitations in spectrometer and swept-source Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography (2011)

Recent advances in Doppler and variance techniques have enabled high sensitivity imaging in regions of biological flow to measure blood velocities and vascular perfusion. In recent years, the sensitivity and imaging speed benefits of Fourier domain OCT have become apparent. Spectrometer-based and wavelength-swept implementations have both undergone rapid development. Comparative analysis of the potential benefits and limitations for the various configurations would be useful for matching technology capabilities to specific clinical problems. Here we take a first step in such a comparative analysis by presenting theoretical predictions and experimental results characterizing the lower and upper observable velocity limits in spectrometer-based versus swept-source Doppler OCT. Furthermore, we characterize the washout limit, the velocity at which signal degradation results in loss of flow information. We present comparative results from phantom flow data as well as retinal data obtained with a commercial spectrometer OCT system and a custom high-speed swept-source retinal OCT system.
High-Temperature Oxidation of Ti[sub 3]GeC[sub 2] and Ti[sub 3]Ge[sub 0.5]Si[sub 0.5]C[sub 2] in Air (2006)

In this paper, we report on the oxidation behavior of and . The oxidation kinetics were studied thermogravimetrically in air in the temperature range. The oxidation layers formed on at were protective; at and higher, they were not. The addition of Si to slightly enhanced its oxidation resistance, but at and above, the layers formed were again not protective. In both cases the oxidation occurred mostly by the inward diffusion of oxygen through a rutile-based solid solution with . At higher temperatures and/or longer times, Ge accumulation was observed at the oxide/carbide interface. At and higher, however, the oxygen induces the peritectic decomposition of into Ge and, presumably, a titanium oxycarbide. At , part of the Ge escapes to the surface and forms copious amounts of whiskers with hexagonal symmetry. In the temperature range explored there is no oxygen dissolution in the carbide matrices.
A new unequal three-tone signal method for AM-AM and AM-PM distortion measurements suitable for characterization of satellite communication transmitters/transponders (2000)

A new method for characterization of AM-AM and AM-PM distortion of power amplifiers (PAs) using only power measurements is proposed in this paper This technique was found to be suitable for the characterization of satellite communication transmitters/transponders. It consists of using an unequal three-tone signal (UTTS) to drive either the base-station PA's transmitter or the satellite transponder's PA and to measure the level of this UTTS at the output of the transmitter/transponder. By comparison of the three tone levels at the input and output of the transmitter/transponder, one can calculate the AM-AM compression factor and AM-PM conversion coefficient of the transmitter/transponder PA using closed-form expressions.
Brain–Machine and Brain–Computer Interfaces (2004)

The idea of connecting the human brain to a computer or machine directly is not novel and its potential has been explored in science fiction. With the rapid advances in the areas of information technology, miniaturization and neurosciences there has been a surge of interest in turning fiction into reality. In this paper the authors review the current state-of-the-art of brain-computer and brain-machine interfaces including neuroprostheses. The general principles and requirements to produce a successful connection between human and artificial intelligence are outlined and the authors' preliminary experience with a prototype brain-computer interface is reported.
The Reconstruction Method Using Compressed Sensing and Convolutional Neural Network for PROPELLER MRI in Head (2021)

PROPELLER MRI is a method of reconstruction from the collected data of rectangular regions (blades) rotating around the origin of the k-space. This method can compensate for the motion of the subject by using the phase and rotation between the blades. Collecting more blades will improve the accuracy of the correction but will increase the imaging time. On the other hand, reducing the number of phase encodings and blades for shortening the imaging time results in streak artifacts. For this study, we attempted to improve the image quality of the PROPELLER MRI in head by reconstructing using less data with compressed sensing (CS) and a convolutional neural network (CNN), which is a deep-learning method. For k-space data with sampling rates of 11% to 54% by varying the width and number of blades, we compared three patterns of the reconstruction method: A) with only CS, B) with only CNN, and C) with both CS and CNN. For all sampling rates, the method with CS and CNN yielded the best evaluation value; therefore, it is suggested that the image quality could be improved by reconstructing using CS and CNN when the sampling rate is low.
Developing a tool to assess the skills to perform a health technology assessment (2022)

Not applicable.
Patient Specific Simulation of HIFU Kidney Tumour Ablation (2018)

High Intensity Focussed Ultrasound (HIFU) is emerging as a non-invasive treatment for localised renal tumours. However, challenges remain in the delivery of the treatment to tumours at depth, with clinical results showing a variation in the ablation efficacy. One clinical trial conducted at the Churchill hospital, Oxford, to investigate the applicability of HIFU for renal tumour ablation found that in 4/10 patients less than 5% of the tumour volume was ablated successfully. The current study looks at the role tissue geometry has on the resulting focal pressure and focal heating. CT scans from 4 patients within the trial were selected, who experienced 70%, < 5%, < 5% and 95% ablation of the target tumour. The CT scans were segmented into bone, fat, kidney, and generic tissue. Full three-dimensional ultrasound simulations were carried out using k-Wave (an open source Matlab toolbox) and for three patients a tight focus was achieved in the kidney but peak pressures varied by 20%. While in the fourth patient there was significant fragmentation of the -6 dB focal volume due to the intervening ribcage. Thermal simulations were used to compare the temperature rise induced across the different patient models. For the three patients with a tight focus, the predicted 47°C iso-volume of the patient with 70% ablation was 2-3 times larger than the two patients with < 5% ablation. For the patient in which the ribcage resulted in focal fragmentation the thermal simulation predicted just a 1°C temperature rise.
Surface Trapped X Rays: Whispering-Gallery Modes atλ=0.7Å (1997)

X-ray bound states trapped on a curved surface are realized by coupling subangstrom photons at grazing angles into a bent silicon wafer with adjustable radius. At small radii of curvature the usual ray approximation breaks down and new phenomena associated with wave optical behavior of x-ray surface eigenmodes are revealed. For such samples, tunneling is shown to extinguish all but the ground state surface eigenmode, whose presence may be detected after extremely long distances of propagation along the surface.
Unsupervised Image Translation (2003)

An interesting and potentially useful vision/graphics task is to render an input image in an enhanced form or also in an unusual style; for example with increased sharpness or with some artistic qualities. In previous work [10, 5],researchers showed that by estimating the mapping from an input image to a registered (aligned) image of the same scene in a different style or resolution, the mapping could be used to render a new input image in that style or resolution. Frequently a registered pair is not available, but instead the user may have only a source image of an unrelated scene that contains the desired style. In this case, the task of inferring the output image is much more difficult since the algorithm must both infer correspondences between features in the input image and the source image, and infer the unknown mapping between the images. We describe a Bayesian technique for inferring the most likely output image. The prior on the output image P ( X )is a patch-based Markov random field obtained from the source image. The likelihood of the input P ( Y|X )is a Bayesian network that can represent different rendering styles. We describe a computationally efficient, probabilistic inference and learning algorithm for inferring the most likely output image and learning the rendering style. We also show that current techniques for image restoration or reconstruction proposed in the vision literature (e.g., image super-resolution or de-noising) and image-based non-photorealistic rendering could be seen as special cases of our model. We demonstrate our technique using several tasks, including rendering a photograph in the artistic style of an unrelated scene, de-noising, and texture transfer.
In Vivo NADH Fluorescence Monitoring as an Assay for Cellular Damage in Photodynamic Therapy¶ (2001)

In this study the endogenous fluorescence signal attributed to reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) has been measured in response to photodynamic therapy (PDT)-induced damage. Measurements on cells in vitro have shown that NADH fluorescence decreased relative to that of controls after treatment with a toxic dose of PDT, as measured within 30 min after treatment. Similarly, assays of cell viability indicated that mitochondrial function was reduced immediately after treatment in proportion to the dose delivered, and the proportion of this dose response did not degrade further over 24 h. Measurements in vivo were used to monitor the fluorescence emission spectrum and the excited state lifetime of NADH in PDT-treated tissue. The NADH signal was defined as the ratio of the integrated fluorescence intensity of the 450 +/- 25 nm emission band relative to the fluorescence intensity integrated over the entire 400-600 nm range of collection. Measurements in murine muscle tissue indicated a 22% reduction in the fluorescence signal immediately after treatment with verteporfin-based PDT, using a dose of 2 mg/kg injected 15 min before a 48 J/cm2 light dose at 690 nm. Control animals without photosensitizer injection had no significant change in the fluorescence signal from laser irradiation at the same doses. This signal was monotonically correlated to the deposited dose used here and could provide a direct dosimetric measure of PDT-induced cellular death in the tissue being treated.
Adaptive millimeter-wave synthetic aperture imaging for compressive sampling of sparse scenes (2014)

We apply adaptive sensing techniques to the problem of locating sparse metallic scatterers using high-resolution, frequency modulated continuous wave W-band RADAR. Using a single detector, a frequency stepped source, and a lateral translation stage, inverse synthetic aperture RADAR reconstruction techniques are used to search for one or two wire scatterers within a specified range, while an adaptive algorithm determined successive sampling locations. The two-dimensional location of each scatterer is thereby identified with sub-wavelength accuracy in as few as 1/4 the number of lateral steps required for a simple raster scan. The implications of applying this approach to more complex scattering geometries are explored in light of the various assumptions made.
A carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance study of thiol-exchange reactions of gold(I) thiomalate (‘Myocrisin’) including applications to cysteine derivatives (1982)

Reactions at pH 7 between gold(I) thiomalate and a variety of thiols with pKSH values ranging from 7.6 (thioglucose) to 10.2 (mercaptoacetate) have been studied by 13C n.m.r. spectroscopy. New species [Au(SR)n]1–n, where n appears to be less than 2, are formed and thiomalate is readily displaced, especially by thiols with low pKSH. The latter are in fast exchange with AuI on the n.m.r. time scale. Similar activation parameters have been derived for thiomalate, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, and mercaptoacetate exchange (ΔG‡ 63 kJ mol–1, ΔS‡–145 J K–1 mol–1, EA 22 kJ mol–1)via a line-shape analysis of 13C n.m.r. spectra at different temperatures. Thiol exchange rates increase at high pH, but at low pH 1:1 polymers are more stable than [Au(SR)n]1–n species.