gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Controlled roughness reduction of patterned resist polymers using laser-induced sub-millisecond heating (2014)

High resolution resist polymers are critical for nanometer-scale lithography. Annealing developed polymer patterns with laser-induced heating at temperatures up to 450 °C for 500 μs minimizes surface energy and reduces pattern roughness.
Lamina Emergent Mechanisms and Their Basic Elements (2009)

Lamina emergent mechanisms (LEMs) are fabricated from planar materials (lamina) and have motion that emerges out of the fabrication plane. LEMs provide an opportunity to create compact, cost-effective devices that are capable of accomplishing sophisticated mechanical tasks. They offer the advantages of planar fabrication, a flat initial state (compactness), and monolithic composition (which provides the advantages associated with compliant mechanisms). These advantages come with the tradeoff of challenging design issues. LEM challenges include large, nonlinear deflections, singularities due to two possible motion configurations as they leave their planar state, and coupling of material properties and geometry in predicting mechanism behavior. This paper defines lamina emergent mechanisms, motivates their study, and proposes a fundamental framework on which to base future LEM design. This includes the fundamental components (created by influencing geometry, material properties, and boundary conditions) and basic mechanisms (including planar four-bars and six-bars, and spherical and spatial mechanisms).
A phased array antenna system employing frequency-upconverted local signals with phase difference (2015)

This paper proposes a novel configuration for a phased array antenna system (PAS) that achieves ultra-broadband transmission using millimeter waves. Since it is expected to employ an unprecedented number of antennas, the PAS is required to be compact and cost effective. Generally, the PAS employs phase shifters that are applied to the IF or RF transmission signal lines for beam forming. However, the phase shifter limits the bandwidth of the transmission signal due to the required accuracy of the phase adjustment. A PAS employing phase-controlled RF carriers is a promising configuration for broadband transmission. In the proposed configuration, RF carriers are generated by frequency upconverting the phase-controlled local signals with a lower frequency. To confirm the feasibility of the proposed configuration, a two-branch PAS transmitter with phase-controlled RF carriers is configured and tested. Measurement results show that the phase-controlled local signals that have a frequency lower than that of the RF carriers can be used to control the phase difference between the transmitted RF signals.
Supplementary Material from Taselisib (GDC-0032), a Potent β-Sparing Small Molecule Inhibitor of PI3K, Radiosensitizes Head and Neck Squamous Carcinomas Containing Activating <i>PIK3CA</i> Alterations (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure Legends&lt;/p&gt;
Effect of urocortin 1 infusion in humans with stable congestive cardiac failure (2005)

In sheep with HF (heart failure), Ucn 1 (urocortin 1) decreases total peripheral resistance and left atrial pressure, and increases cardiac output in association with attenuation of vasopressor hormone systems and enhancement of renal function. In a previous study, we demonstrated in the first human studies that infusion of Ucn 1 elevates corticotropin ('ACTH'), cortisol and ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide), and suppresses the hunger-inducing hormone ghrelin in normal subjects. In the present study, we examined the effects of Ucn 1 on pituitary, adrenal and cardiovascular systems in the first Ucn 1 infusion study in human HF. In human HF, it is proposed that Ucn 1 would augment corticotropin and cortisol release, suppress ghrelin and reproduce the cardiorenal effects seen in animals with HF. On day 3 of a controlled metabolic diet, we studied eight male volunteers with stable HF (ejection fraction <40%; New York Heart Association Class II-III) on two occasions, 2 weeks apart, receiving 50 microg of Ucn 1 or placebo intravenously over 1 h in a randomized time-matched cross-over design. Neurohormones, haemodynamics and urine indices were recorded. Ucn 1 infusion increased plasma Ucn 1, corticotropin (baseline, 5.9+/-0.9 pmol/l; and peak, 7.2+/-1.0 pmol/l) and cortisol (baseline, 285+/-42 pmol/l; and peak, 310+/-41 pmol/l) compared with controls (P<0.001, 0.008 and 0.047 respectively). The plasma Ucn 1 half-life was 54+/-3 min. ANP and ghrelin were unchanged, and no haemodynamic or renal effects were seen. In conclusion, a brief intravenous infusion of 50 microg of Ucn 1 stimulates corticotropin and cortisol in male volunteers with stable HF.
THE FIRST DRUG ELUTING URETERAL STENT: A PROSPECTIVE, RANDOMIZED, MULTICENTER CLINICAL TRIAL TO EVALUATE THE SAFETY AND EFFECTIVENESS OF A KETOROLAC-LOADED URETERAL STENT (2009)

You have accessJournal of Urology1 Apr 2009THE FIRST DRUG ELUTING URETERAL STENT: A PROSPECTIVE, RANDOMIZED, MULTICENTER CLINICAL TRIAL TO EVALUATE THE SAFETY AND EFFECTIVENESS OF A KETOROLAC-LOADED URETERAL STENT James E Lingeman, John D Denstedt, Glenn M Preminger, Jamie Li, and Amy E Krambeck James E LingemanJames E Lingeman More articles by this author , John D DenstedtJohn D Denstedt More articles by this author , Glenn M PremingerGlenn M Preminger More articles by this author , Jamie LiJamie Li More articles by this author , and Amy E KrambeckAmy E Krambeck More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(09)62025-5AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "THE FIRST DRUG ELUTING URETERAL STENT: A PROSPECTIVE, RANDOMIZED, MULTICENTER CLINICAL TRIAL TO EVALUATE THE SAFETY AND EFFECTIVENESS OF A KETOROLAC-LOADED URETERAL STENT." The Journal of Urology, 181(4S), pp. 725–726 © 2009 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 181Issue 4SApril 2009Page: 725-726 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2009 by American Urological AssociationMetrics Author Information James E Lingeman More articles by this author John D Denstedt More articles by this author Glenn M Preminger More articles by this author Jamie Li More articles by this author Amy E Krambeck More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Formula and breast feeding in infant food allergy: A population‐based study (2016)

Duration of exclusive breastfeeding and use of partially hydrolysed formula were not associated with food allergy at 1 year of age in this large population-based study. These findings have implications for population-based infant-feeding guidelines and do not support the use of partially hydrolysed formula for food allergy prevention.
Computer 3D Vision-Aided Full-3D Optimization of a Centrifugal Impeller (2022)

Abstract A computer three-dimensional (3D) vision-aided performance prediction framework for turbomachinery is established in this paper, to improve the accuracy and generalization ability of the artificial neural network (ANN) model under inputs of more than 90 control parameters. In this framework, a RandLA-encoder is built to extract the flow information related to performance and geometric parameters from point cloud data of flow fields inside impellers. By implicitly learning this kind of flow information, the prediction error of the ANN model is reduced by 20–30% compared with the traditional one. Based on this, a full-3D optimization with 91 variables, including arbitrary blade surface and non-axisymmetric (but periodic) hub surface, is conducted on Krain low-speed impeller, aiming at a comprehensive performance improvement. After the optimization, compared to the baseline, the maximum isentropic efficiency of the compressor is increased by 1.6%, the isentropic efficiency at design point is increased by 1%, and the flow range is increased by 5%, with a slight increase in pressure ratio.
The 3CLPRO inhibitor ALG-097111 potently inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication in hamsters (2021)

Background: There is an urgent need for potent drugs for the treatment or prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infections. Inhibition of viral proteases has been proven a successful therapeutic strategy for infections with HIV and HCV. Most reported inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 3-chymotrypsin-like (3CL) cysteine protease also target cathepsin L;the latter is involved in the SARS-CoV-2 entry process. We aim to develop potent and selective 3CL protease inhibitors devoid of cathepsin L inhibition. Methods: Structure based optimization and biochemical profiling, resulted in ALG-097111, a potent and selective SARS-CoV-2 3CL protease inhibitor. ALG-097111 was profiled in vitro in SARS-CoV-2 and CoV-OC43 cellular assays. In vitro microsomal stability and in vivo PK evaluation in rodents, in presence of the CYP-inhibitor ritonavir, was followed by the evaluation of ALG-097111 in a SARS-CoV-2 infection model in hamsters. Results: ALG-097111 exhibits potent SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro activity (IC50 = 0.007 μM) with no associated cathepsin L inhibition (IC50 > 10 μM). This selectivity extended to other human proteases, displaying less than 50 % inhibition at 10 μM, as well as receptor and kinase panels. While ALG-097111 is stable in human and dog microsomes (t1/2= >60 min) and hepatocytes (t1/2= >360 min), ALG-097111 showed lower stability in hamsters specifically (t1/2= 15 min). Addition of ritonavir to the hamster microsome assay increased the in vitro half-life (t1/2= > 60 min). When administered subcutaneously with oral co-dosing of ritonavir, ALG-097111 shows high plasma and lung exposures. Dosing hamsters with ALG-097111, followed by intranasal SARS-CoV-2 infection led to a significant reduction of infectious virus titers by 3.7 log10 (TCID50/mg) and viral RNA by 3.5 log10 (RNA copies/mg) in the lungs as compared to the vehicle group. In the same experiment, the nucleoside analogue Molnupiravir (EIDD-2801), used as a reference inhibitor, reduced infectious virus titers by 4.1 log10 (TCID50/mg) and viral RNA load by 2.0 log10 (RNA copies/mg). Conclusion: We demonstrate that ALG-097111, a potent and selective inhibitor of the SARS-Cov-2 3CL protease that is devoid of any cathepsin L activity, reduces infectious virus titers in the lungs of SARS-CoV-2 infected hamsters to (almost) the detection limit. This validates the 3CL protease as an excellent target for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infections.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON ORGANOMETALLIC HETERO‐MULTIPLE‐BRIDGED MOLECULES. PART 7. SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF DICHALCOGENIDE‐BRIDGED COMPLEXES OF RHENIUM(I) AND THE CRYSTAL AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURES OF THE DIPHENYL DITELLURIDE‐BRIDGED COMPLEX, (RE2BR2(CO)6(TE2PH2)) (1981)

Abstract Durch Reaktion der Re(I)‐Halogenocarbonylverbindungen (I) bzw. (IV) mit entsprechenden Dichalcogeniden (II) wurden die dimeren Komplexe (III) dargestellt.
Preparation of Thermally Expandable Poly(acrylonitrile-co-methacrylonitrile) Microcapsules Using β-Cyclodextrin as Pickering Emulsifier (2020)

피커링 현탁 중합법을 통하여 열팽창성 poly(acrylonitrile-co-methacrylonitrile) 마이크로 캡슐을 제조하였다. 피커링 유화제로서 β-cyclodextrin(β-CD)과 polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP)의 조합이 최초로 사용되었다. β-CD는 독성이 낮으며 경제적이며 상대적으로 좁은 입자 크기 분포도를 제조하는 것이 가능하다고 알려져 있다. Acrylonitrile(AN)과 methacrylonitrile(MAN)이 단량체로 사용되었으며, β-CD 함량, β-CD/PVP의 단량체에 대한 비율, AN/MAN 비율, 다양한 발포제의 효과에 대하여 입자의 제조 특성 및 마이크로캡슐의 물성에 대하여 조사하였다. 약 125 μm 입경의 캡슐이 제조되었으며, 2 : 1 β-CD : PVP 비율, 3.5 wt%의 피커링 분산제의 함량에서 제조된 캡슐이 가장 우수한 열팽창 성능을 보였다. TGA 분석 결과 약 35%의 발포제가 캡슐화되었다. 결과적으로 본 연구에서 사용된 β-CD는 현탁중합에 있어 우수한 피커링 유화제로서의 성능을 보였다.
Theoretical Results on the Optimal Detection Statistics for Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (2017)

One of the most commonly used detection statistics in autonomous integrity monitoring is the solution separation statistic. In this paper, we show that the solution separation statistic is closely linked to the optimal detection statistics. More precisely, we show that in the case of one threat, even multi-dimensional, the optimal detection statistic is the solution separation, and that in the case of many one-dimensional threats, the optimal statistics can be expressed as a function of the solution separations corresponding to each threat. This is achieved by casting the search of the optimal detection region as a mini-max problem and by using the Neyman–Pearson lemma to limit the search of the detection regions to a class of regions parameterized by a bias. These results allow us to establish a lower bound on the minimum achievable integrity risk. Copyright © 2017 Institute of Navigation
Noninvasive self-tuning output capacitor time constant estimator for low power digitally controlled DC-DC converters (2013)

A passive and hardware efficient output capacitor time-constant estimator for digitally controlled dc-dc converters is introduced. The estimator emulates the equivalent RC circuit of the output capacitor with a much smaller version, placed in parallel, and adjusts its own resistance until the two circuits have the same time-constant. The adjustment is based on a very simple zero voltage crossing detection and synchronization with the digital pulse-width modulator operation. The effectiveness of the proposed estimator is illustrated using a 5V-to-1V/5A, 500kHz buck converter demonstrating accuracy within a few tens of ns in the detection of capacitor zero current crossing points.
Supplementary Methods, Figure Legends from Selective Inhibition of EZH2 by EPZ-6438 Leads to Potent Antitumor Activity in <i>EZH2</i>-Mutant Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 130K&lt;/p&gt;
Doubly Homologated Dihalovinyl and Acetylene Analogues of Adenosine:  Synthesis, Interaction with S-Adenosyl-l-homocysteine Hydrolase, and Antiviral and Cytostatic Effects (2000)

Treatment of the 6-aldehyde derived by Moffatt oxidation of 3-O-benzoyl-1,2-O-isopropylidene-alpha-D-ribo-hexofuranose (2c) with the dibromo- or bromofluoromethylene Wittig reagents generated in situ with tetrabromomethane or tribromofluoromethane, triphenylphosphine, and zinc gave the dihalomethyleneheptofuranose analogues 3b and 3d, respectively. Acetolysis, coupling with adenine, and deprotection gave 9-(7,7-dibromo-5,6, 7-trideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hept-6-enofuranosyl)adenine (5a) or its bromofluoro analogue 5b. Treatment of 5a with excess butyllithium provided the acetylenic derivative 9-(5,6, 7-trideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hept-6-ynofuranosyl)adenine (6). The doubly homologated vinyl halides 5a and 5b and acetylenic 6 adenine nucleosides were designed as putative substrates of the "hydrolytic activity" of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine (AdoHcy) hydrolase. Incubation of AdoHcy hydrolase with 5a, 5b, and 6 resulted in time- and concentration-dependent inactivation of the enzyme (K(i): 8.5 +/- 0.5, 17 +/- 2, and 8.6 +/- 0.5 microM, respectively), as well as partial reduction of enzyme-bound NAD(+) to E-NADH. However, no products of the "hydrolytic activity" were observed indicating these compounds are type I mechanism-based inhibitors. The compounds displayed minimal antiviral and cytostatic activity, except for 6, against vaccinia virus and vesicular stomatitis virus (IC(50): 15 and 7 microM, respectively). These viruses typically fall within the activity spectrum of AdoHcy hydrolase inhibitors.
Relative light yield and temporal response of a stilbene-doped bibenzyl organic scintillator for neutron detection (2014)

The neutron time-of-flight (nTOF) diagnostics used to characterize implosions at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) has necessitated the development of novel scintillators that exhibit a rapid temporal response and high light yield. One such material, a bibenzyl-stilbene mixed single-crystal organic scintillator grown in a 99.5:0.5 ratio in solution, has become the standard scintillator used for nTOF diagnostics at NIF. The prompt fluorescence lifetime and relative light yield as a function of proton energy were determined to calibrate this material as a neutron detector. The temporal evolution of the intensity of the prompt fluorescent response was modeled using first-order reaction kinetics and the prompt fluorescence decay constant was determined to be 2.46 ± 0.01 (fit) ± 0.13 (systematic) ns. The relative response of the bibenzyl-stilbene mixed crystal generated by recoiling protons was measured, and results were analyzed using Birks' relation to quantify the non-radiative quenching of excitation energy in the scintillator.
Gold‐Catalyzed, Intramolecular, Oxygen‐Transfer Reactions of 2‐Alkynyl‐1,5‐diketones or 2‐Alkynyl‐5‐ketoesters: Scope, Expansion, and Mechanistic Investigations on a New [4+2] Cycloaddition (2011)

The gold-catalyzed intramolecular oxygen-transfer reactions of 2-alkynyl-1,5-diketones or 2-alkynyl-5-ketoesters-obtained from tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride mediated Michael addition of activated allenes to electron-deficient olefins-furnished cyclopentenyl ketones under very mild conditions. These reactions proceeded much easier and faster than similar reactions reported in literature, and the corresponding products were obtained in very good yields. Mechanistic investigations on the cycloisomerization were carried out by means of both (18) O isotopic experiments and quantum chemical calculations. The results from both, the designed isotopic experiments and theoretical calculations, satisfactorily supported the novel proposed intramolecular [4+2] cycloaddition of a gold-containing furanium intermediate to a carbonyl group, instead of the previous well-accepted [2+2] pathway.
Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of ZnO-Coated LiNi[sub 0.5]Mn[sub 1.5]O[sub 4] Spinel as 5 V Cathode Material for Lithium Secondary Batteries [Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters, 5, A99 (2002)] (2003)

Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of ZnO-Coated LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 Spinel as 5 V Cathode Material for Lithium Secondary Batteries †Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters, 5, A99 „2002...‡ Y.-K. Sun, Y.-S. Lee, M. Yoshio, and K. Amine Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea Department of Applied Chemistry, Saga University, Saga 840, Japan Electrochemical Technology Program, Chemical Technology Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
The isolation and characterization of the human helper inducer T cell subset. (1985)

Monoclonal antibody anti-4B4 was produced by fusing NS1 myeloma with spleen cells of a mouse immunized with Saguinus oedipus lymphocyte. This anti-4B4 antibody defines a 135-KD cell surface protein that is widely distributed throughout the hematopoietic system. More importantly, anti-4B4 is reactive with functionally unique human T cell subsets. Anti-4B4 antibody was reactive with approximately 41% of unfractionated T cells, 41% of T4+ inducer cells, and approximately 43% of T8+ cytotoxic/suppressor population. This antibody subdivided peripheral blood T4+ cells into two functionally distinct populations. The T4+4B4+ subset proliferates relatively poorly upon stimulation with Con A and autologous cell antigens (AMLR) but well on exposure to soluble antigens, and it provides a good helper signal for PWM-induced Ig synthesis. The T4+4B4- subset, in contrast, proliferates well to Con A stimulation and autologous cell antigen (AMLR) but relatively poorly to soluble antigen stimulation, and provides little help to B cells for PWM-induced Ig synthesis. The T4+4B4- subset is largely 2H4+ and functions as the inducer of the T8+ suppressor cells. Thus, the present results suggest that one can divide the human T4 population into two major subsets that are phenotypically and functionally distinct, the human helper inducer subset (T4+4B4+/H.I.) and its reciprocal population defined by anti-2H4, the suppressor inducer subset (T4+2H4+/S.I.).
Diagnosis of Dementias Using Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (1995)

Twenty patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), 34 with senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT) and 12 with vascular dementia (VAD) were carefully investigated. The diagnoses were made according to the DSM-III-R criteria and for AD/SDAT also according to the NINCDS-ADRDA criteria. The data set consisted of 29 descriptor variables obtained at the examination, and the data were fitted to a partial least squares model using dummy variables for the response variables (i.e. clinical diagnoses). The distribution of the scores over the descriptor variable space revealed adequate classification regarding all three diagnoses, with some overlap between SDAT and AD and between VAD and SDAT. The study demonstrates a clear difference in symptomatology between AD and SDAT with no influence of age per se or the severity of dementia.
Past and ongoing shifts in Joshua tree support future modeled range contraction (2010)

The future distribution of the Joshua tree (Yucca brevifolia) is projected by combining a geostatistical analysis of 20th-century climates over its current range, future modeled climates, and paleoecological data showing its response to a past similar climate change. As climate rapidly warmed ∼11 700 years ago, the range of Joshua tree contracted, leaving only the populations near what had been its northernmost limit. Its ability to spread northward into new suitable habitats after this time may have been inhibited by the somewhat earlier extinction of megafaunal dispersers, especially the Shasta ground sloth. We applied a model of climate suitability for Joshua tree, developed from its 20th-century range and climates, to future climates modeled through a set of six individual general circulation models (GCM) and one suite of 22 models for the late 21st century. All distribution data, observed climate data, and future GCM results were scaled to spatial grids of ∼1 km and ∼4 km in order to facilitate application within this topographically complex region. All of the models project the future elimination of Joshua tree throughout most of the southern portions of its current range. Although estimates of future monthly precipitation differ between the models, these changes are outweighed by large increases in temperature common to all the models. Only a few populations within the current range are predicted to be sustainable. Several models project significant potential future expansion into new areas beyond the current range, but the species' historical and current rates of dispersal would seem to prevent natural expansion into these new areas. Several areas are predicted to be potential sites for relocation/assisted migration. This project demonstrates how information from paleoecology and modern ecology can be integrated in order to understand ongoing processes and future distributions.
Structural studies on bio-active compounds. Part XIV. Molecular modelling of the interactions between pentamidine and DNA. (1990)

Molecular mechanics modelling was carried out on the antimicrobial aromatic diamidine, pentamidine, bound to the minor groove of several AT-rich DNA octamers. The pentamidine molecule was found to span four base pairs, with its highly charged amidinium groups forming hydrogen bonds to the O2 of thymine or the N3 of adenine, but not to the backbone phosphate groups. The mean binding energy of the pentamidine-DNA complexes was -52 kcal/mol, of the same order as that of berenil-DNA complexes. There was no significant energy difference between those models which contained GC base pairs and those which did not. The presence of bound pentamidine resulted in some distortion of helix geometry involving helix opening towards the minor groove in most cases and a decrease in the number of residues per turn.