gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A SOA-based architecture for empowering future collaborative cloud-based industrial automation (2012)

The last years we are witnessing of rapid advances in the industrial automation domain, mainly driven by business needs towards agility and supported by new disruptive technologies. Future factories will rely on multi-system interactions and collaborative cross-layer management and automation approaches. Such a factory, configured and managed from architectural and behavioural viewpoints, under the service-oriented architecture (SOA) paradigm is virtualized by services exposed by its key components (both HW and SW). One of the main results of this virtualization is that the factory is transformed into a “cloud of services”, where dynamic resource allocation and interactions take place. This paper presents a view on such architecture, its specification, the main motivation and considerations, as well as the preliminary services it may need to support.
High-efficiency organic solar cells prepared using a halogen-free solution process (2021)

Although the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices has recently improved to more than 16%, halogenated solution processes are typically employed to obtain optimal performance. However, halogenated processing is harmful to health and the environment, which can be a significant obstacle to commercialization. Therefore, development of active materials processable under halogen-free conditions is of great importance in this field. In this study, a 16.04% OPV device, processed under halogen-free conditions, is developed by employing a new active-blend system, PBDTTPD-HT:BTP-2F-BO. It is highly soluble in halogen-free solvents, forming a preferential bulk-heterojunction morphology. The PBDTTPD-HT:BTP-2F-BO device achieves a PCE comparable with current state-of-the-art devices based on PBDB-TF:BTP-4F (also known as PM6:Y6) using a conventional halogenated process (16.40% versus 16.33%). Furthermore, it demonstrates a significantly higher PCE than the PBDB-TF:BTP-4F device with a halogen-free process (16.04% versus 9.70%).
The Role of Magnetic Field Topography in Improving the Performance of a High Voltage Hall Thruster (2002)

Investigations of high-voltage Hall thrusters have indicated a peak in the efficiency versus voltage characteristic that limited the maximum efficiency to specific impulses of less than 3000 s. This peak is believed to be primarily a trait of modern magnetic field design, which is optimized for discharge voltages of 300 V. The NASA-173M has been operated at 300-1000 V and 5 mg/s to investigate whether performance improvements could be realized through in situ variation of the magnetic field topography through the use of an auxiliary trim coil. Without the trim coil, a peak in the efficiency characteristic was observed at 600 V. The results with the trim coil energized indicate there is always some performance benefit to altering the magnetic field topography. Above 400 V, efficiencies were maintained at >50% and above 900 V, specific impulses >3000 s were demonstrated while using the trim coil. The largest gains in performance were observed at 1000 V, where the thrust, specific impulse, and efficiency improved by 10 mN, 200 s, and 5.5%, respectively, to 165 mN, 3360 s, and 51.5%. The results demonstrate that the peak in the efficiency characteristic observed without the trim coil can be mitigated when the magnetic field topography is tailored for high-voltage operation. Analysis of the magnetic field from numerical simulations has identified several important factors contributing to the performance benefits with trim coil operation.
Biodistribution and Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Paclitaxel and Ceramide Administered in Multifunctional Polymer-Blend Nanoparticles in Drug Resistant Breast Cancer Model (2008)

In this study, we have investigated the biodistribution and pharmacokinetic analysis of paclitaxel (PTX) and the apoptotic signaling molecule, C6-ceramide (CER), when administered in a multifunctional polymer-blend nanoparticle formulation to female nude mice bearing an orthotopic drug sensitive MCF7 and multidrug resistant MCF7 TR (MDR-1 positive) human breast adenocarcinoma. A polymer-blend nanoparticle system was engineered to incorporate temporally controlled sequential release of the combination drug payload. Hereby, PTX was encapsulated in the pH-responsive rapid releasing polymer, poly(beta-amino ester) (PbAE), while CER was present in the slow releasing polymer, poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) within these blend nanoparticles. When particle formulations were administered intravenously to MCF7 and MCF7 TR tumor bearing mice, higher concentrations of PTX were found in the blood due to longer retention time and an enhanced tumor accumulation relative to administration of free drug. In addition, the PLGA/PbAE blend nanoparticles were effective in enhancing the residence time of both drugs at the tumor site by reducing systemic clearance. Overall, these results are highly encouraging for development of multifunctional polymer-blend nanoparticle formulations that can be used for temporal-controlled administration of two drugs from a single formulation.
Individualized therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer (2013)

Systemic therapeutic efficacy is central to determining the outcome of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC). In these patients, there is a critical need for predictive biomarkers to optimize efficacy whilst minimizing toxicity. The integration of a new generation of molecularly targeted drugs into the treatment of CRC, coupled with the development of sophisticated technologies for individual tumours as well as patient molecular profiling, underlines the potential for personalized medicine. In this review, we focus on the latest progress made within the genomic and proteomic fields, concerning predictive biomarkers for individualized therapy in metastatic CRC.
Investigation of 5′-Phosphohydantocidin Analogs as Adenylosuccinate Synthase Inhibitors (1998)

Hydantocidin 1 is a novel, fermentation derived non-selective herbicide discovered by Sankyo, whose mode of action, inhibition of adenylosuccinate synthase, stems from the 5'-phosphorylated moiety. Phosphate mimics and ribose ring replacements were designed and synthesized. These derivatives show the requirement of a phosphorylated ribose ring, specifically a single epimer, for enzyme recognition.
Integrally gated carbon nanotube field emission cathodes produced by standard microfabrication techniques (2003)

The fabrication of carbon nanotube (CNT)-based field-emission devices has recently been an area of intense investigation. Here, we report a simple process for the fabrication of integrally gated CNT field-emission cathodes that uses standard microfabrication techniques. The operation of 3×3 field-emitter arrays produced using this process was investigated and found to behave in a manner consistent with the Fowler–Nordheim model of field emission.
Prevalence of Kidney Damage in Australian Adults (2003)

The incidence of ESRD is increasing dramatically. Progression to end-stage may be halted or slowed when kidney damage is detected at an early stage. Kidney damage is frequently asymptomatic but is indicated by the presence of proteinuria, hematuria, or reduced GFR. Population-based studies relating to the prevalence of kidney damage in the community are limited, particularly outside of the United States. Therefore, the prevalence of proteinuria, hematuria, and reduced GFR in the Australian adult population was determined using a cross-sectional study of 11,247 noninstitutionalized Australians aged 25 yr or over, randomly selected using a stratified, cluster method. Subjects were interviewed and tested for proteinuria-spot urine protein to creatinine ratio (abnormal: >/=0.20 mg/mg); hematuria-spot urine dipstick (abnormal: 1+ or greater) confirmed by urine microscopy (abnormal: >10,000 red blood cells per milliliter) or dipstick (abnormal: 1+ or greater) on midstream urine sample; and reduced GFR-Cockcroft-Gault estimated GFR (abnormal: <60 ml/min per 1.73 m(2)). The associations between age, gender, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension, and indicators of kidney damage were examined. Proteinuria was detected in 2.4% of cases (95% CI: 1.6%, 3.1%), hematuria in 4.6% (95% CI: 3.8%, 5.4%), and reduced GFR in 11.2% (95% CI: 8.6%, 13.8%). Approximately 16% had at least one indicator of kidney damage. Age, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension were independently associated with proteinuria; age, gender, and hypertension with hematuria; and age, gender, and hypertension with reduced GFR. Approximately 16% of the Australian adult population has either proteinuria, hematuria, and/or reduced GFR, indicating the presence of kidney damage. Identifying and targeting this section of the population may provide a means to reduce the burden of ESRD.
A new multi‐state fading model for mobile satellite channels based upon AFD and LCR data (2004)

Abstract Using measured data on average fade duration (AFD) and level crossing rate (LCR), we obtain new analytical expressions for the probability density function (pdf) of received signal envelope in a mobile satellite channel, via a new method. The measured data for an urban environment comes from Kanatas et al. Proceedings of the 1997 International Mobile Satellite Conference , Pasadena, CA, 16–18 June, 1997; 169–175, but the new method is general in nature and can be applied to other environments. The method is less direct than curve‐fitting to a histogram of the ‘raw’ measured fading amplitude data, but is comparable in complexity and yields good results. Our new model is a composite one, similar to other composite models given in the literature, e.g. the Loo and Lutz models, but in contrast to these, the new model affords a completely closed‐form expression for the pdf. As with these other composite models, the new model is amenable to the development of computer simulations of mobile satellite channel amplitude time series realizations, and can be combined with state transition models to provide a complete multi‐state fading model. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
The Impact of Backside Particles on the Limits of Optical Lithography (2005)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
BayesImposter: Bayesian Estimation Based.bss Imposter Attack on Industrial Control Systems (2022)

Over the last six years, several papers used memory deduplication to trigger various security issues, such as leaking heap-address and causing bit-flip in the physical memory. The most essential requirement for successful memory deduplication is to provide identical copies of a physical page. Recent works use a brute-force approach to create identical copies of a physical page that is an inaccurate and time-consuming primitive from the attacker’s perspective.
Mechanistic study of homoleptic trisamidolanthanide-catalyzed aldehyde and ketone hydroboration. Chemically non-innocent ligand participation (2023)

Carbonyl bond hydroboration is a valuable synthetic route to functionalized alcohols but relies on sometimes unselective and sluggish reagents. While rapid and selective aldehyde and ketone hydroboration mediated by trisamidolanthanide catalysts is known, the origin of the selectivity is not well-understood and is the subject of this contribution. Here the aldehyde and ketone HBpin hydroboration reaction mechanisms catalyzed by La[N(SiMe<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>]<sub>3</sub> are investigated both experimentally and theoretically. The results support initial carbonyl oxygen coordination to the acidic La center, followed by intramolecular ligand-assisted hydroboration of the carbonyl moiety by bound HBpin. Interestingly, ketone hydroboration has a higher energetic barrier than that of aldehydes due to the increased steric encumbrance and decreased electrophilicity. Utilizing NMR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction, a bidentate acylamino lanthanide complex associated with the aldehyde hydroboration is isolated and characterized, consistent with the relative reaction rates. Furthermore, an aminomonoboronate-lanthanide complex produced when the La catalyst is exposed to excess HBpin is isolated and characterized by X-ray diffraction, illuminating unusual aminomonoboronate coordination. These results shed new light on the origin of the catalytic activity patterns, reveal a unique ligand-assisted hydroboration pathway, and uncover previously unknown catalyst deactivation pathways.
Ion Pair First and Second Acidities of Some β-Diketones and Aggregation of Their Lithium and Cesium Enediolates in THF (2004)

Ion pair pK values were measured for three beta-diketones in THF, 1-3, with lithium and cesium counterions. The results showed variations with concentration indicative of aggregation of the metal enolates to dimers. Similarly, ion pair pK values could be determined for some of these metal enolates going to the corresponding dimetal dienediolates which were also found to form dimers. These equilibria are more complicated to analyze because aggregation affects both sides of the proton transfer equilibria. The results show that all of the species measured exist mostly as dimers at concentrations >0.01 M typical of most organic synthesis reactions and physical measurements. NMR measurements show that the enols of 1 and 2, which can undergo intramolecular hydrogen bonding, predominate in both THF and DMSO solutions, whereas 3, whose enols cannot be so stabilized, is mostly keto in THF but approximately equimolar enol and keto in DMSO. Dimerization of the monolithium salts is rapid on the NMR time scale but that of the dilithium salts is slow.
High-speed point-to-point and multiple broadcast services delivered over a WDM passive optical network (1998)

Tailoring broad optical sources to the free spectral range of a waveguide-grating router, we show that multiple independent broadcast services can be delivered efficiently over a common wavelength-division-multiplexed passive optical network (PON). In addition to 1) delivering two independent video services, each comprising 80 digital video channels, we further exploit the periodicity property of the router to simultaneously deliver; 2) bidirectional 50-Mb/s baseband conventional PON service; 3) a limited (50 channel) digital broadcast video service; and 4) an individual 2.5-Gb/s bidirectional link to a "business" subscriber, demonstrating several distinct upgrade paths. Bit-error-rate performance and dispersion measurements are presented.
Inferences on the mechanism of emulsion polymerisation of styrene from characterisation of the polymer end‐groups (1970)

Abstract Solute electrolyte and adsorbed emulsifier can be removed by ion exchange from polystyrene latices prepared with persulphate initiator. Rigorous purification of the ion‐exchange resins is necessary to avoid contamination by leached polyelectrolytes. These ion‐exchanged latices are stabilised by strong acid surface groups ‐ sulphate end‐groups of the polymer molecules. The number of surface groups as determined by conductometric titration of the latex, plus the number buried within the particle as determined by conductometric titration of the polymer in solution (or by X ‐ray fluorescence), is less than the expected value of two per polymer molecule. The other end‐groups are shown to be hydroxyl groups by oxidation to the carboxyl form followed by ion exchange and titration. The total number of end‐groups thus determined is close to two per molecule. As the pH of the polymerisation medium is decreased, the proportion of hydroxyl end‐groups increases and that of the sulphate end‐groups decreases. No carboxyl groups are detected in ion‐exchanged latices prepared in a nitrogen atmosphere, independent of the nature of the emulsifier. The dye partition method gives end‐group concentrations that are far lower than those determined by titration or X ‐ray fluorescence, probably because the formation of the dye end‐group ion‐pair is not complete. Finally, for latices prepared at relatively low emulsifier concentrations, the contribution of the sulphate end‐groups to the surface charge density is significant and cannot be overlooked, as has been done in the past.
Amyloid Deposition Is Greater in Cerebral Gyri than in Cerebral Sulci with Worsening Clinical Diagnosis Across the Alzheimer’s Disease Spectrum (2021)

While there were significant differences in Aβ deposition in cerebral sulci and gyri across the AD spectrum, these differences did not translate into improved prediction of diagnosis. Females were found to have greater gyral and sulcal Aβ burden.
A closed form large deformation solution of plate bending with surface effects (2016)

We study the effect of surface stress on the pure bending of a finite thickness plate under large deformation. The surface is assumed to be isotropic and its stress consists of a part that can be interpreted as a residual stress and a part that stiffens as the surface increases its area. Our results show that residual surface stress and surface stiffness can both increase the overall bending stiffness but through different mechanisms. For sufficiently large residual surface tension, we discover a new type of instability - the bending moment reaches a maximum at a critical curvature. Effects of surface stress on different stress components in the bulk of the plate are discussed and the possibility of self-bending due to asymmetry of the surface properties is also explored. The results of our calculations provide insights into surface stress effects in the large deformation regime and can be used as a test for implementation of finite element methods for surface elasticity.
Transmission at 2.5 Gbit/s over 654 km using an erbium-doped fibre grating laser source (1993)

The first data transmission experiment using an erbium doped fibre grating laser transmitter is reported. The elimination of self-pulsation in short fibre grating lasers permits transmission of 2.5 Gbit/s data over 654 km of standard singlemode fibre (and nine EDFAs).
Microgravity during spaceflight directly affects in vitro osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption (2009)

During space flight, severe losses of bone mass are observed. Both bone formation and resorption are probably involved, but their relative importance remains unclear. The purpose of this research is to understand the role of osteoclasts and their precursors in microgravity-induced bone loss. Three experiments on isolated osteoclasts (OCs) and on their precursors, OSTEO, OCLAST, and PITS, were launched in the FOTON-M3 mission. The OSTEO experiment was conducted for 10 d in microgravity within bioreactors with a perfusion system, where the differentiation of precursors, cultured on a synthetic 3-dimensional bonelike biomaterial, skelite, toward mature OCs was assessed. In OCLAST and in PITS experiments, differentiated OCs were cultured on devitalized bovine bone slices for 4 d in microgravity. All of the experiments were replicated on ground in the same bioreactors, and OCLAST also had an inflight centrifuge as a control. Gene expression in microgravity, compared with ground controls, demonstrated a severalfold increase in genes involved in osteoclast maturation and activity. Increased bone resorption, proved by an increased amount of collagen telopeptides released VS ground and centrifuge control, was also found. These results indicate for the first time osteoclasts and their precursors as direct targets for microgravity and mechanical forces.
Cover Feature: Stepwise Adsorption of Alkoxy‐Pyrene Derivatives onto a Lamellar, Non‐Porous Naphthalenediimide‐Template on HOPG (Chem. Eur. J. 1/2021) (2020)

An analogy between embroidered patterns on cloths and self-assembled monolayers formed on surfaces is depicted in the cover image (designed by Dr. Kaja Sitkowska). While embroidery makes it possible to modify and enrich a previously formed pattern through sequential operations, achieving such a level of control is generally difficult in surface-based self-assembly processes. This work reports on how to adsorb alkoxy-pyrene derivatives (green beads) at highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (purple cover) onto a previously formed naphthalenediimide monolayer (copper branches). More information can be found in the Communication by E. W. Meijer, B. L. Feringa, et al. on page 207.
STMC-15. INNATE IMMUNE SIGNALING VIA TLR4 SUPPRESSES SELF-RENEWAL IN GLIOBLASTOMA (2016)

Multiple cellular and molecular components within the glioblastoma microenvironment work to maintain a balance between immune dampening and inflammation, effectively preventing immune rejection of the tumor. Therefore, revealing the mechanisms that dampen immune signaling is critically important. Immune response initiation can be activated by ligands recognized by the toll-like family of receptors (TLRs). TLR activation limits proliferation in developing neural systems, yet these pathways are generally drivers of proliferation in many tumors including glioblastoma. This functional shift is surprising, considering the number of developmental programs activated in self-renewing cancer stem cells (CSCs). While mechanisms responsible for TLR-mediated tumor progression are largely unknown, TLR ligands are currently under investigation as adjuvants for immunotherapy approaches. Using CSCs from glioblastoma patient-derived xenografts, we find that proliferation of non-CSCs is attenuated by TLR ligands, whereas CSC proliferation is unaffected by ligand exposure. Profiling revealed that CSCs have reduced TLR4 compared to non-CSCs and that low TLR4 expression correlates with aggressive disease progression. Overexpression of TLR4 in CSCs reduced stem cell signaling and attenuated proliferation, self-renewal, and tumor growth. Mechanistically, we found that TLR4 signaling is directly connected to the stem cell transcriptional program by way of tank-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) and retinoblastoma binding protein 5 (RBBP5). Further, RBBP5 is necessary and sufficient for CSC self-renewal via epigenetic regulation of core self-renewal transcription factors. The activation of TBK1 downstream of TLR4 is responsible for RBBP5 suppression. Our findings reveal a unique pathway through which TLR4 can potently suppress the stem cell state, linking innate immune signaling responses to stem cell maintenance. These data suggest that strategies to activate the immune system may also negatively impact stem cell programs in tumor cells, indicating that approaches that alter the immune system also target the treatment-refractory CSC population.
Abstract A38: Human kinase screen for breast cancer oncogenes (2009)

Abstract The heterogeneity of breast cancer requires identification of novel genes that promote breast tumor development. Targeting such oncogenes therapeutically promises to improve clinical outcomes. We conducted an in vitro screen to identify human kinases that promote anchorage-independent growth of immortalized human mammary epithelial cells. The screen is based on a transformation model that requires cooperative activation of the PI3K/AKT and MEK/ERK pathways. The pooled screen identified three transforming kinases - PTK6, PAK1 and CAMK4. The functions of these candidates in the PI3K/AKT and/or MEK/ERK pathways are being currently studied to determine their role in breast tumorigenesis. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(23 Suppl):A38.