gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthetic Studies on Echinulin and Related Natural Products. I. : Acid-Catalyzed Amino-Claisen Rearrangement of N-Allylaniline and N, N-Diallylaniline Derivatives (1977)

In connection with a total synthesis of echinulin and related alkaloids, acid-catalyzed amino-Claisen rearrangement of N-allylaniline (2), N, 2-diallylaniline (4), N, 2, 6-trially-laniline (7), and N, N-diallylaniline (5) was examined in refluxing xylene, in the presence of zinc chloride or boron trifluoride etherate. Boron trifluoride etherate was found to be more effective acid for this rearrangement.
Single cell atlas of developing mouse dental germs reveals populations of CD24+ and Plac8+ odontogenic cells (2022)

The spatiotemporal relationships in high-resolution during odontogenesis remain poorly understood. We report a cell lineage and atlas of developing mouse teeth. We performed a large-scale (92,688 cells) single cell RNA sequencing, tracing the cell trajectories during odontogenesis from embryonic days 10.5 to 16.5. Combined with an assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with high-throughput sequencing, our results suggest that mesenchymal cells show the specific transcriptome profiles to distinguish the tooth types. Subsequently, we identified key gene regulatory networks in teeth and bone formation and uncovered spatiotemporal patterns of odontogenic mesenchymal cells. CD24<sup>+</sup> and Plac8<sup>+</sup> cells from the mesenchyme at the bell stage were distributed in the upper half and preodontoblast layer of the dental papilla, respectively, which could individually induce nonodontogenic epithelia to form tooth-like structures. Specifically, the Plac8<sup>+</sup> tissue we discovered is the smallest piece with the most homogenous cells that could induce tooth regeneration to date. Our work reveals previously unknown heterogeneity and spatiotemporal patterns of tooth germs that may lead to tooth regeneration for regenerative dentistry.
Vaginal sonography findings and hCG dynamics of early intrauterine and tubal pregnancies. (1990)

Early intrauterine gestational sac recognition by ultrasound is useful for discriminating between intrauterine and tubal pregnancies. Transvaginal ultrasound offers improved resolution in the imaging of the uterus and adnexa. Seventy-four women with normal intrauterine pregnancies, 18 women with spontaneous abortions, and 34 women with tubal pregnancies were evaluated by transvaginal ultrasound and serial hCG determinations. Intrauterine pregnancies were followed within the first 50 days of gestation. In women with a normal uterus and singleton pregnancy, sacs were consistently recognized in association with an hCG level greater than 2004 mIU/mL (First International Reference Preparation). Two-to three-millimeter sacs were recognized in association with an hCG level of 2032 +/- 1253 on cycle day 36.1 +/- 2.0. When sacs were less than 5 mm in mean diameter, 33% exhibited a prominent echogenic rim, 38% exhibited a partial echogenic rim, and 29% exhibited no echogenic rim. Fetal cardiac activity was recognized in association with an hCG level of 27,284 +/- 11,479 on cycle day 45.0 +/- 2.9. The hCG doubling time was 1.46 +/- 1.0 days. Apparent loss of multiple gestational sacs was observed in five normal pregnancies. Apparent bleeding in the intrauterine cavity was observed in eight patients and associated with a 38% abortion rate. One false-positive sac was observed among 34 tubal pregnancies (3%). The extrauterine sonographic finding of a solid adnexal mass or cul-de-sac fluid was specific but not sensitive for the diagnosis of tubal pregnancy. The hCG doubling time in tubal pregnancies was 7.69 +/- 9.8 days. Transvaginal ultrasound and serial hCG determinations are useful for the early recognition of tubal pregnancy.
Landelijk gezondheidsonderzoek bij rampen (2021)

The consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic for the health and wellbeing of the Dutch population exceed the normal regional research-approach. That is why the 'network GOR-COVID-19' - comprised of GGD GHOR Nederland (representing the municipal health services), RIVM, Nivel and ARQ National Psychotrauma Centre - has taken the initiative for a national research program to monitor the health impact of the corona crisis over time. In this article we describe the background and design of a comprehensive longitudinal health monitor that combines and harmonizes multiple data sources in order to provide perspectives for practice and policy, on both a local and national level.
Proceedings of the 1st ACM SIGPLAN International Workshop on Machine Learning and Programming Languages (2017)

TensorFlow is a powerful, programmable system for machine learning. This paper aims to provide the basics of a conceptual framework for understanding the behavior of TensorFlow models during training and inference: it describes an operational semantics,...
Semi-automated 3D segmentation of human skeletal muscle using Focused Ion Beam-Scanning Electron Microscopic images (1 of 6) (2019)

Human skeletal muscle biopsies imaged using FIB-SEM of 10 individuals with ages ranging from 22 to 81 years old, standardized and mitochondrial segmentation files are in the first of 6 datasets. Corresponding original resolution raw files are in the other five datasets.
Design Investigation of Solar Powered Lasers for Space Applications (1979)

The feasibility of solar powered lasers for continuous operation in space power transmission was investigated. Laser power transmission in space over distances of 10 to 100 thousand kilometers appears possible. A variety of lasers was considered, including solar-powered GDLs and EDLs, and solar-pumped lasers. An indirect solar-pumped laser was investigated which uses a solar-heated black body cavity to pump the lasant. Efficiencies in the range of 10 to 20 percent are projected for these indirect optically pumped lasers.
Residual Expression of Reprogramming Factors Affects the Transcriptional Program and Epigenetic Signatures of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (2012)

Delivery of the transcription factors Oct4, Klf4, Sox2 and c-Myc via integrating viral vectors has been widely employed to generate induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines from both normal and disease-specific somatic tissues, providing an invaluable resource for medical research and drug development. Residual reprogramming transgene expression from integrated viruses nevertheless alters the biological properties of iPSCs and has been associated with a reduced developmental competence both in vivo and in vitro. We performed transcriptional profiling of mouse iPSC lines before and after excision of a polycistronic lentiviral reprogramming vector to systematically define the overall impact of persistent transgene expression on the molecular features of iPSCs. We demonstrate that residual expression of the Yamanaka factors prevents iPSCs from acquiring the transcriptional program exhibited by embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and that the expression profiles of iPSCs generated with and without c-Myc are indistinguishable. After vector excision, we find 36% of iPSC clones show normal methylation of the Gtl2 region, an imprinted locus that marks ESC-equivalent iPSC lines. Furthermore, we show that the reprogramming factor Klf4 binds to the promoter region of Gtl2. Regardless of Gtl2 methylation status, we find similar endodermal and hepatocyte differentiation potential comparing syngeneic Gtl2(ON) vs Gtl2(OFF) iPSC clones. Our findings provide new insights into the reprogramming process and emphasize the importance of generating iPSCs free of any residual transgene expression.
Optimal NBTI degradation and PVT variation resistant device sizing in a full adder cell (2015)

Aging phenomena, on top of process variations along with temperature and supply voltage variations, translate into complex degradation effects on the required performance and yield of nanoscale circuits. The proposed paper focuses on the development of mathematically optimal circuit sizing for yield maximization on the case study of a CMOS full adder circuit. The final cell design is robust against NBTI aging effects, impact of statistical (global and mismatch) and operating variation of temperature and supply voltage. Monte Carlo analysis has been carried out to verify the estimated yields. The demonstrated technique can be extended to a library of optimally designed digital cells.
Ab Initio Study of Hydrogen-Bonded Complexes of Small Organic Molecules with Water (1998)

Hydrogen bonding between water and a series of small organic molecules was examined via electronic structure calculations. Several computational methods were examined, including both a hybrid density functional procedure (Becke3LYP) and second-order Møller−Plesset theory (MP2) coupled with a double-ζ basis set augmented by diffuse polarization functions on heteroatoms. The agreement between Becke3LYP and MP2 energies was generally good, as was the agreement with energies obtained using more sophisticated and costly methods. The energies and structures of 53 hydrogen-bonded complexes of water with various small organic molecules, including alcohols, thiols, ethers, thioethers, carboxylic acids, esters, amines, amides, nitriles, and nitro compounds, were then examined systematically using the Becke3LYP and MP2 procedures. The hydrogen bond geometries were generally linear, and acceptor sites corresponded closely to the positions of lone pairs as predicted by simple hybridization arguments. Structures with sulfur and chlorine atoms showed some deviation from these simple expectations and seemed to be largely determined by molecular dipole−dipole interactions. Categorization of the hydrogen bonds involved in the various complexes led to an ordering of hydrogen bond donor and acceptor abilities for some common functional groups. The strength of association was found to correlate moderately well with experimental gas-phase basicity in those cases where water acted unambiguously as the hydrogen bond donor at a single site. Interestingly, sulfur was found to be close to oxygen in hydrogen bond acceptor strength, and the surprisingly strong acceptor ability of sulfur could not be explained in terms of its enhanced polarizability relative to oxygen. Calculations were also carried out on the AT and GC base pairs and yielded results in very close agreement with the highest levels of calculation previously reported.
Dental Applications (2018)

There is a wide variety of PBM applications in general dentistry and dental subspecialties (periodontics, orthodontics, prosthodontics, maxillofacial, endodontics, oral medicine). PBM has important applications in pediatric dentistry, restorative dentistry, chronic dental pain, and can benefit other disorders that dentists deal with, such as disturbed sleep and headaches. Painful conditions include musculoskeletal pain, such as temporal mandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction; neuropathic pain, such as trigeminal neuralgia; postsurgical pain, such as tooth extraction; infections, such as Herpes simplex virus and periodontitis; cancer therapy side effects. such as oral mucositis and xerostomia; wound-healing indications, such as post-surgical and diabetic wounds; and nerve regeneration, such as iatrogenic surgical injury, headaches, and burning-mouth syndrome. The same principles for choosing a wavelength and the optimum dosimetry apply in and around the oral cavity as for PBM applied elsewhere on the body.
Fan‐out intensity optimization of bidirectional photopolymer hologram‐based optical backplane bus (1996)

Fabrication of the bidirectional optical backplane bus, employing arrays of multiplexed polymer-based waveguide holograms on a waveguiding plate, is reviewed. An analysis of its functionality is presented for the first time. After an objective function for the system is established, the fan-out intensity fluctuations among all the different channels are minimized by solving a set of nonlinear equations numerically. To further ensure the validity of our calculation, a different objective function is considered and the same optimized result is obtained. Particularly, we optimized the fan-out distribution for the case in which nine boards on one side of the optical bus are presented. It was found that a globally optimized diffraction efficiency distribution exists and the minimum fan-out intensity after optimization is about 1.5% of the incident power, which means a minimum laser diode power for this bidirectional optical bus has to be above 7.0 mW for a system speed of 1.2 Gbit/s and a bit error rate of 10-15. Finally, the surface normal fanout beams come out of both directions of the backplane. Therefore, the best hardware implementation scheme integrates the processor/memory boards on both sides of the backplane bus. As a result, the optimal member of processor/memory boards is 16, i.e., 9 ± (922), rather than 9.
Deep learning-based computational cytometer using magnetically-modulated coherent imaging (2021)

We present a deep learning-based high-throughput cytometer to detect rare cells in whole blood using a cost-effective and light-weight design. This system uses magnetic-particles to label and enrich the target cells. Then, a periodically-alternating magnetic-field creates time-modulated diffraction patterns of the target cells that are recorded using a lensless microscope. Finally, a custom-designed convolutional network is used to detect and classify the target cells based on their modulated spatio-temporal patterns. This cytometer was tested with cancer cells spiked in whole blood to achieve a limit-of-detection of 10 cells/mL. This compact, cost-effective and high-throughput cytometer might serve diagnostics needs in resource-limited-settings.
Persistent mutant oncogene specific T cells in two patients benefitting from anti-PD-1 (2019)

These findings suggest that T cell responses to oncogenic driver mutations may be more prevalent than previously appreciated and could be harnessed in immunotherapeutic treatment, particularly for patients who lack the traditional biomarkers associated with response. Comprehensive studies are warranted to further delineate additional predictive biomarkers and populations of patients who may benefit from checkpoint blockade.
EUV focus sensor design optimization (2005)

We describe the design, modeling, and fabrication of a prototype EUV focus sensor (FS) designed for use with 0.3-NA EUV projection-lithography tools.At 0.3-NA and 13.5-nm wavelength, the depth of focus shrinks to 150 nm increasing the importance of high-sensitivity focal-plane detection tools.The FS is a free-standing Ni grating structure that works in concert with a simple mask pattern of regular lines and spaces at constant pitch in one direction.The FS pitch matches that of the aerial-image intensity.It transmits the light with high efficiency when the grating is aligned with the aerial image laterally and longitudinally.As the grating structure is scanned in two dimensions (x and z), the changing light throughput, measured with a single-element photodetector, quickly reveals the optimal wafer (focus) position.The system design balances the opposing needs of high sensitivity and high throughput.For a given fixed pitch of 80 nm in the image plane, the primary design parameters for the system under consideration in this paper are the absorber membrane thickness and the open width of the grating apertures.With aperture widths on the order of 2-3 wavelengths, and aspect ratios of 2-4, modeling requires vector electromagnetic-field calculations.We are using TEMPEST 3D, a time-domain, vector electromagnetic field simulation program, to optimize the FS design.The characteristics of the mask illumination are included in the calculations in order to model the effects of unpolarized, partiallycoherent illumination conditions.The annular illumination profile of the Micro-Exposure Tools (MET) are used as the basis for this study.
Preamble Design for Symbol Timing Estimation from SOQPSK-TG Waveforms (2009)

ITC/USA 2009 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Fifth Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 26-29, 2009 / Riviera Hotel & Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada
From source to brain: Modelling sound propagation and localisation in rooms (2013)

Human localisation of sound in enclosed spaces is a cross-disciplinary research topic, with important applications in auditory science, room acoustics, spatial audio and telecommunications. By combining an accelerated model of $3$D sound propagation in rooms with a perceptual model of spatial processing, this thesis provides an integrated framework for studying sound localisation in enclosed spaces on the horizontal plane, with particular emphasis on room acoustics applications. The room model is based on the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method, which has been extended to include physically-constrained sources and binaural receivers based on laser-scanned listener geometries. The underlying algorithms have been optimised to run on parallel graphics hardware, thus allowing for a high spatial resolution, and accordingly, a significant decrease of numerical dispersion evident in the FDTD method. The perceptual stage of the model features a signal processing chain emulating the physiology of the auditory periphery, binaural cue selection based on interaural coherence, and a final decision maker based on supervised learning. The entire model is shown to be capable of imitating human sound localisation in different listening situations, including free field conditions and at the presence of sound occlusion, diffraction and reflection. Results are validated against subjective data found in the literature, and the model's applications to the fields of room acoustics and spatial audio are demonstrated and discussed.
Central Nervous System Drug Evaluation Using Positron Emission Tomography (2011)

In conventional pharmacological research in the field of mental disorders, pharmacological effect and dose have been estimated by ethological approach and in vitro data of affinity to the site of action. In addition, the frequency of administration has been estimated from drug kinetics in blood. However, there is a problem regarding an objective index of drug effects in the living body. Furthermore, the possibility that the concentration of drug in blood does not necessarily reflect the drug kinetics in target organs has been pointed out. Positron emission tomography (PET) techniques have made progress for more than 20 years, and made it possible to measure the distribution and kinetics of small molecule components in living brain. In this article, we focused on rational drug dosing using receptor occupancy and proof-of-concept of drugs in the drug development process using PET.
Anti-VEGF Antibodies Mitigate the Development of Radiation Necrosis in Mouse Brain (2014)

The single-hemispheric irradiation mouse model, with longitudinal MRI monitoring, provides a powerful platform for studying the onset and progression of radiation necrosis and for developing and testing new therapies. The observation that anti-VEGF antibodies are effective mitigants of necrosis in our mouse model will enable a wide variety of studies aimed at dose optimization and timing and mechanism of action with direct relevance to ongoing clinical trials of bevacizumab as a treatment for radiation necrosis.
Multi-scale study of thermal stability of lithiated graphite (2011)

Safety remains a major issue for the graphite anode used in lithium-ion batteries. The thermal stability of lithiated graphite was studied by atomic-scale characterization and cell tests. The results revealed that the thermal decomposition of the solid–electrolyte interface is the most easily triggered chemical reaction in lithium-ion cells and plays a critical role in determining the battery safety. It was also shown that natural graphite containing a small amount of 3R graphite had much better thermal stability than mesocarbon microbeads that had no detectable 3R graphite.
From Churchill's Secret Circle to the Bbc: The Biography of Lieutenant General Sir Ian Jacob, Gbe CB Dl (1991)

Child of the Raj You must be a sapper Peace for our time preparing the nation for war the twilight war Churchill at the helm with Churchill to Placentia Bay All in the same boat now darkest days meetings with Stalin planning for victory at Casablanca on the conference circuit again the road to victory a second career the BBC an active retirement.
Effect of the Electrospinning Process on Polymer Crystallization Chain Conformation in Nylon-6 and Nylon-12 (2004)

Electrospinning of biologically significant polymers (natural and synthetic polypeptides) has increased since electrospun membranes were identified as candidates for tissue engineering constructs. These materials have a specific secondary structure, which influences their properties. The effect of electrospinning on the secondary structure of nylon-6 and nylon-12 is examined using Raman spectroscopy in order to identify and quantify any conformational changes that occur due to processing. Nylon-6 and nylon-12 were chosen because they possess a specific chain conformation and have a backbone chemical structure similar to the amino acid sequence in polypeptides. Results indicate that a change in the chain conformation due to electrospinning occurs, implying that a high stress is induced on the electrospinning jet as the fibers are being formed, and this stress alters the chain conformation of the nylon backbone.
A PRACTICAL MPEG2 ENCODER AND ITS TECHNIQUES TO PROVIDE HIGH QUALITY IMAGES (2005)

We have developed a practical MPEG2 encoder which encodes one channel video and two channels audio into single Transport Stream in real time. The encoder is realized in compact size, using a newly developed chip set Furthermore we have studied about composite signal processing and blocking artifacts reduction to provide high quality images. The former method handles composite video well and the latter one helps the decoder reduce blocking artifacts in scene changes and fast pans.
DC current distribution mapping system of the solar panels using a HTS-SQUID gradiometer (2014)

Solar panels are expected to play a major role as a source of sustainable energy. In order to evaluate solar panels, non-destructive tests, such as defect inspections and response property evaluations, are necessary. We developed a DC current distribution mapping system of the solar panels using a High Critical Temperature Superconductor Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (HTS-SQUID) gradiometer with ramp edge type Josephson junctions. Two independent components of the magnetic fields perpendicular to the panel surface (∂Bz/∂x, ∂Bz/∂y) were detected. The direct current of the solar panel is visualized by calculating the composition of the two signal components, the phase angle, and mapping the DC current vector. The developed system can evaluate the uniformity of DC current distributions precisely and may be applicable for defect detection of solar panels.
Arylcarbamate Derivatives of 1-Piperidineethanol as Potent Ligands for 5-HT4Receptors (1997)

A series of carbamate derivatives (7) of 2-(1-piperidinyl)ethyl 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoates, which have been described as potent agonists and antagonists of 5-HT4 receptors, were synthesized. They were evaluated using radioligand binding assays with [3H]GR 113808, a 5-HT4 receptor selective ligand, in the rat striatum and the electrically stimulated myenteric plexus longitudinal muscle of the guinea pig. In contrast to the previously described ester derivatives, a drop in the affinity for 5-HT4 receptors was observed and the compounds were inactive as agonists in the guinea pig ileum preparation. Unexpectedly, the ortho-substituted carbamates 8b,c (R' = H, RO = MeO or EtO, R" = H) had nanomolar affinity for 5-HT4 receptors (Ki = 8.9 +/- 0.5 and 2.6 +/- 0.4 nM, respectively). As reported previously, the cis- or trans-3,5-dimethyl substitution of piperidine (8n,o) was particularly favorable (Ki = 1.1 +/- 0.6 nM for both isomers). 8c is an antagonist equipotent to the 5-HT4 receptor antagonist SDZ 205-557 (1).