gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mutation inPDE8B,a Cyclic AMP–Specific Phosphodiesterase in Adrenal Hyperplasia (2008)

To the Editor: Cortisol-producing adrenocortical tumors have been associated with abnormalities of the cyclic AMP (cAMP)–signaling pathway. Examples are Cushing's syndrome in infants with the McCun...
In Vitro inhibitory activity of Alpinia katsumadai extracts against influenza virus infection and hemagglutination (2010)

These results suggest that AK extracts and fractions had strong anti-influenza virus activity that can inhibit viral attachment and/or viral replication, and may be used as viral prophylaxis.
Reviewing the Evolution of the NAND Flash Technology (2017)

This paper reviews the recent historical trends of the NAND Flash technology, highlighting the evolution of its main parameters and explaining what allowed it to become not only the most important integrated solution for nonvolatile storage of high volumes of data but also a strong rival eroding the market share of hard-disk drives. The scaling trend followed by planar arrays will be discussed with close attention, along with the major physical constraints impacting the performance and the reliability of modern deca-nanometer technologies. This will make clear why the development of further planar nodes with feature size below ~15 nm, representing today's state of the art, can be considered less favorable than turning all the efforts toward the integration of 3-D arrays. The most promising 3-D architectures will then be reviewed, discussing their benefits and issues and addressing the impact of the change of the integration paradigm from the standpoint of the major NAND applications.
Comparison of the distribution of tissue kallikrein and esterase A, a kallikrein-like enzyme, in rat kidney using specific monoclonal antibodies. (1988)

Tissue kallikrein (E.C. 3.4.21.35) and arginine esterase A, another closely related, kinin-generating serine protease, have been localized by immunocytochemistry in rat kidney, using monoclonal antibodies that do not crossreact with other kallikrein-related enzymes or with tonin. Kallikrein was present primarily in the apical cytoplasm of the connecting tubule and the cortical collecting duct. Esterase A, on the other hand, was present primarily in the basolateral region of both proximal and distal straight tubules in the outer medulla and medullary rays. In addition, esterase A was demonstrable in distal convoluted tubules and, to a lesser extent, in proximal convoluted tubules. The presence of different kinin-generating enzymes at these sites would permit the formation of kinins from appropriate substrates on both the vascular and luminal poles of separate segments of the kidney tubule.
A 4.4uW wake-up receiver using ultrasound data communications (2011)

We demonstrate free-space ultrasound data communications for ultra-low power wireless wake-up in sensor networks. Using ultrasound carriers allows for an order-of-magnitude power reduction over RF based solutions. The 65nm CMOS 0.6V receiver prototype achieves a BER of better than 10−3 over 8.6m for a 0.25kb/s free-space link in a typical indoor environment while dissipating only 4.4uW and requiring only −18dBm transmit signal power.
New Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Radioligand for Imaging σ-1 Receptors in Living Subjects (2012)

σ-1 receptor (S1R) radioligands have the potential to detect and monitor various neurological diseases. Herein we report the synthesis, radiofluorination, and evaluation of a new S1R ligand 6-(3-fluoropropyl)-3-(2-(azepan-1-yl)ethyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2(3H)-one ([(18)F]FTC-146, [(18)F]13). [(18)F]13 was synthesized by nucleophilic fluorination, affording a product with >99% radiochemical purity (RCP) and specific activity (SA) of 2.6 ± 1.2 Ci/μmol (n = 13) at end of synthesis (EOS). Positron emission tomography (PET) and ex vivo autoradiography studies of [(18)F]13 in mice showed high uptake of the radioligand in S1R rich regions of the brain. Pretreatment with 1 mg/kg haloperidol (2), nonradioactive 13, or BD1047 (18) reduced the binding of [(18)F]13 in the brain at 60 min by 80%, 82%, and 81%, respectively, suggesting that [(18)F]13 accumulation in mouse brain represents specific binding to S1Rs. These results indicate that [(18)F]13 is a promising candidate radiotracer for further evaluation as a tool for studying S1Rs in living subjects.
Author's Reply (2011)

We thank Dr. Fischmeister for his interest in our article and his comments. He correctly notes that the ordinate scales of Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score data in Figures 2 through 6 differ.1Garrett W.E. Kaeding C.C. ElAttrache N.S. et al.Novel drug OMS103HP reduces pain and improves joint motion and function for 90 days after arthroscopic meniscectomy.Arthroscopy. 2011; 27: 1060-1070Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (0) Google Scholar We plotted the data in this way because the ranges of values over time differ between subscales. In an attempt to avoid confusion, we clearly delineated the range of each subscale in each ordinate axis. We regret any confusion that this may have caused. Dr. Fischmeister also suggested that a statement regarding the minimal clinically important difference would have been helpful. We provided this information in the “Methods” section,1Garrett W.E. Kaeding C.C. ElAttrache N.S. et al.Novel drug OMS103HP reduces pain and improves joint motion and function for 90 days after arthroscopic meniscectomy.Arthroscopy. 2011; 27: 1060-1070Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (0) Google Scholar stating that “A difference in KOOS of 8 or greater is considered clinically meaningful,” citing an article by Roos and Lohmander.2Roos E.M. Lohmander L.S. The Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS): From joint injury to osteoarthritis.Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2003; I: 64Crossref Scopus (0) Google Scholar We again thank Dr. Fischmeister and hope that our response addresses his comments. Novel Drug in Arthroscopic MeniscectomyArthroscopyVol. 28Issue 1PreviewThe article by Garrett et al.1 addresses two important subjects: analgesia in arthroscopic meniscectomy and the introduction of a novel drug, OMS103HP. I wish to raise two points: If one looks carefully at Figures 2 through 6 describing the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score values, the scales vary, starting between 10 and 50 and ending between 70 and 100. That means that nearly every figure uses a different graphic design to describe the data. This could be misleading, because the described effects are graphically magnified in a different way for every single parameter. Full-Text PDF
Physics of Hot Crossflow Ingestion in Film Cooling (1998)

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is used to isolate the flow physics responsible for hot crossflow ingestion, a phenomenon that can cause failure of a film cooled gas turbine component. In the gas turbine industry, new compound-angle shaped hole (CASH) geometries are currently being developed to decrease the heat transfer coefficient and increase the adiabatic effectiveness on film cooled surfaces. These new CASH geometries can have unexpected flow patterns that result in hot crossflow ingestion at the film hole. This investigation examines a 15° forward-diffused cylindrical film hole injected streamwise at 35° with a compound angle of 60° (FDIFF60) and with a length-to-diameter ratio (L/D) of 4.0. Qualitative and quantitative aspects of computed results agreed well with measurements, thus lending credibility to predictions. The FDIFF60 configuration is a good representative of a typical CASH geometry, and produces flow mechanisms that are characteristic of CASH film cooling. FDIFF60 has been shown to have impressive downstream film cooling performance, while simultaneously having undesirable ingestion at the film hole. In addition to identifying the physical mechanisms driving ingestion, this paper documents the effects on ingestion of the blowing ratio, the density ratio, and the film hole Reynolds number over realistic gas turbine ranges of 0.5 to 1.88, 1.6 to 2.0, and 17,350 to 70,000, respectively. The results of this study show that hot crossflow ingestion is caused by a combination of coolant blockage at the film hole exit plane and of crossflow boundary layer vorticity that has been re-oriented streamwise by the presence of jetting coolant: Ingestion results when this re-oriented vorticity passes over the blocked region of the film hole. The density ratio and the film hole Reynolds number do not have a significant effect on ingestion over the ranges studied, but the blowing ratio has a surprising non-linear effect. Another important result of this study is that the blockage of coolant hampers convection and allows diffusion to transfer heat into the film hole even when ingestion is not present. This produces both an undesirable temperature gradient and high temperature level on the film hole wall itself. Lessons learned about the physics of ingestion are generalized to arbitrary CASH configurations. The systematic computational methodology currently used has been previously documented and has become a standard for ensuring accurate results. The methodology includes exact modeling of flow physics, proper modeling of the geometry including the crossflow, plenum, and film hole regions, a high quality mesh for grid independent results, second order discretization, and the two-equation k-ε turbulence model with generalized wall functions. The steady, Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations are solved using a fully-elliptical and fully-implicit pressure-correction solver with multi-block unstructured and adaptive grid capability and with multi-grid convergence acceleration.
Interactive spectral volume rendering (2002)

We describe a method for volume rendering using a spectral representation of colour instead of the traditional RGB model. It is shown how to use this framework for a novel exploration of datasets through enhanced transfer function design. Furthermore, our framework is extended to allow real-time re-lighting of the scene created with any rendering method. The technique of post-illumination is introduced to generate new spectral images for arbitrary light colours in real-time. Also a tool is described to design a palette of lights and materials having certain properties such as selective metamerism or colour constancy. Applied to spectral transfer functions, different light colours can accentuate or hide specific qualities of the data. In connection with post-illumination this provides a new degree of freedom for guided exploration of volumetric data, which cannot be achieved using the RGB model.
Confocal backscattering‐based detection of leukemic cells in flowing blood samples (2011)

The prognostic value of assessing minimal residual disease (MRD) in leukemia has been established with advancements in flow cytometry and PCR. Nonetheless, these techniques are limited by high equipment costs, complex, and costly cell processing and the need for highly trained personnel. Here, we demonstrate the potential of exploiting differences in the relative intensities of backscattered light at three wavelengths to detect the presence of leukemic cells in samples containing varying mixtures of white blood cells (WBCs) and leukemic cells flowing through microfluidic channels. Using 405, 488, and 633 nm illumination, we identify distinct light scattering intensity distributions for Nalm-6 leukemic cells, normal mononuclear (PBMC) and polymorphonuclear (PMN) white blood cells and red blood cells. We exploit these differences to develop cell classification algorithms, whose performance is evaluated based on simultaneous acquisition of light scattering and fluorescence flow cytometry data. When this algorithm is used prospectively for the analysis of samples consisting of mixtures of PBMCs and leukemic cells, we achieve an average specificity and sensitivity of leukemic cell detection of 99.6 and 45.2%, respectively. When we consider samples that include leukemic cells along with PMNs and PBMCs, which can be acquired using a simple red blood cell lysis step following venipuncture, the specificity and sensitivity of the approach decreases to 91.6 and 39.5%, respectively. On the basis of the performance of these algorithms, we estimate that 42 or 71 μL of blood would be adequate to confirm the presence of leukemia at an 80% power level in samples containing 0.01% leukemia to either PBMCs or PBMCs and PMNs, respectively. Therefore, light scattering-based flow cytometry in a microfluidic platform could provide a low cost, highly portable, minimally invasive approach for detection and monitoring of leukemic patients. This could offer significant improvements especially for pediatric patients and for patients in developing countries.
A Semi-Grand Canonical Kinetic Monte Carlo study of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes growth (2020)

Single-walled carbon nanotubes exist in a variety of different geometries, so-called chiralities, that define their electronic properties. Chiral selectivity has been reported in catalytic chemical vapor deposition synthesis experiments, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this contribution, we establish a simple model for the prediction of the growth rates of carbon nanotubes of different chiralities, as a function of energies characterizing the carbon nanotube-catalyst interface and of parameters of the synthesis. The model is sampled efficiently using kinetic Monte Carlo simulations in the semi-grand canonical ensemble, uncovering the interplay of the external experimental conditions and the configuration and energetics of the interface with the catalyst. In particular, the distribution of chiral angle dependent growth rates follows non-monotonic trends as a function of interface energies. We analyze this behavior and use it to identify conditions that lead to high selectivity for a variety of chiral angles.
A Chemical Modification Approach for Improving the Oil Resistance of Ethylene–Propylene Copolymers (2008)

Polymerization of ethylene with propylene yields random amorphous or slightly crystalline copolymers Ethylene–propylene monomer (EPM), which have a glass transition temperature of approximately –55°C, and, therefore, are rubbery at room temperature. EPM must be compounded and cross-linked to achieve a good balance of engineering properties. The objective of DSM studies was to develop new EPM-based elastomers that have improved oil resistance. The idea was to develop such products by chemical modification of EPM copolymers using highly polar graft monomers, such as maleic anhydride (MA), and, optionally, by reacting these EPM-g-MA polymers with other chemicals as a way to further enhance the polarity of the products. The oil resistance of a rubber is one of the key characteristics in the final selection of the rubber to be used, especially in automotive, industrial, and seal applications. The reaction of EPM-g-MA with primary aliphatic amines results in amide acids, which at elevated temperature convert to imides.
The geodesics in Liouville quantum gravity are not Schramm-Loewner evolutions (2018)

Abstract: We prove that the geodesics associated with any metric generated from Liouville quantum gravity (LQG) which satisfies certain natural hypotheses are necessarily singular with respect to the law of any type of SLEκ. These hypotheses are satisfied by the LQG metric for γ=8/3 constructed by the first author and Sheffield, and subsequent work by Gwynne and the first author has shown that there is a unique metric which satisfies these hypotheses for each γ∈(0, 2). As a consequence of our analysis, we also establish certain regularity properties of LQG geodesics which imply, among other things, that they are conformally removable.
REAL TIME LEARNING LEVEL ASSESSMENT USING EYE TRACKING (2017)

E-Learning is emerging as a convenient and effective learning tool. However, the challenge with eLearning is the lack of effective tools to assess levels of learning. Ability to predict difficult content in real time enables eLearning systems to dynamically provide supplementary content to meet learners’ needs. Recent developments have made possible low-cost eye trackers, which enables a new class of applications based on eye response. In comparison to past attempts using bio-metrics in learning assessments, with eye tracking, we can have access to the exact stimulus that is causing the response. A key aspect of the proposed approach is the temporal analysis of eye response and stimulus (concept) that is causing the response. Variations in eye response to the same concept over time may be indicative of levels of learning. The proposed system analyses slide images to extract words and then maps eye response to those words. We propose an analytical model (refer figure 1) for predicting various levels of learning in real time and the model achieves a prediction accuracy of 70%.
High Temperature Leakage Performance of a Hybrid Brush Seal Compared to a Standard Brush Seal and a Labyrinth Seal (2010)

Adequate sealing in turbomachinery reduces secondary leakage and results in more efficient and stable systems. Labyrinth seals are most common, although brush seals are popular in specialized applications. The Hybrid Brush Seal (HBS) is a novel design that adds to the bristle brush matrix a number of cantilever pads that rest on the rotor surface. Upon shaft rotation the pads lift due to the generation of a hydrodynamic gas film while the brushes effectively seal an upstream pressure. Hence the HBS has no wear and no local thermal distortion effects. \nMeasurements of leakage versus pressure differential are obtained in a three-teeth labyrinth, a conventional brush seal, and a hybrid brush seal for operation at high temperature (300ºC), with shaft surface speeds to 27 m/s, and at supply pressures to 3.5 bar. Flow measurements are presented in terms of a flow factor to remove dependency on the air temperature and supply pressure. The measurements demonstrate the HBS leaks less (~61%) than a standard brush seal and is significantly better (~38%) than a similarly sized labyrinth seal. Predictions of flow through a labyrinth seal predict well at supply pressures under 1.7 bar but overpredict by as much as 25% at high supply pressures. A porous medium fluid flow model predicts the flow through the HBS and brush seal. The model for the HBS and brush seal underpredicts the flow rate at low supply pressures but match well at high supply pressures.\nMeasurements of the drag torque of the test seals show the HBS has a larger torque when pressurized compared to the brush seal and labyrinth seal. This indicates that the HBS experiences a larger degree of blow-down due to the pads decreasing the clearance.\nThe mechanical parameters of the brush seal and HBS are found based upon the flexibility function from impact load tests. A combined structural and dry friction damping model represent well the measured flexibility. An equivalent damping is found based upon the energy dissipation. Based upon the damping ratio, the HBS has twice of the viscous damping as the brush seal at a supply pressure of 2.0 bar.
EDITORIAL ESPECIAL EM HOMENAGEM AO "DIA MUNDIAL DO RIM" (2008)

In 2003, the International Society of Nephrology and the International Diabetes Federation launched a booklet called “Diabetes in the Kidney: Time to act” [1] to highlight the global pandemic of type 2 diabetes and diabetic kidney disease. ration (PZ)
Visible-light-induced oxygen generation from aqueous dispersions of tungsten(VI) oxide (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTVisible-light-induced oxygen generation from aqueous dispersions of tungsten(VI) oxideWilson Erbs, Jean Desilvestro, Enrico Borgarello, and Michael GraetzelCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1984, 88, 18, 4001–4006Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j150662a028https://doi.org/10.1021/j150662a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1128Altmetric-Citations171LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Jinn: Synthesizing a Dynamic Bug Detector for Foreign Language Interfaces (2010)

Programming language specifications mandate static and dynamic analyses to preclude syntactic and semantic errors. Although individual languages are usually well-specified, composing languages in multilingual programs is not. Because multilingual programs are prevalent, poor specification is a source of many errors. For example, virtually all Java programs compose Java and C with the Java Native Interface (JNI). Unfortunately, JNI is informally specified and thus, Java compilers and virtual machines (VMs) check only a small subset of JNI constraints. Worse, Java compiler and VM implementations inconsistently check constraints. This paper’s most significant contribution is to show how to synthesize dynamic analyses from state machines to detect foreign function interface (FFI) violations. To demonstrate the generality of our approach, we build FFI state machines that encode specifications for JNI and Python/C. Although we identify over a thousand FFI correctness constraints, we show that they fall into three classes and a modest number of state machines encode them. From these state machines, we generate context-specific FFI dynamic analysis. For Java, we insert this analysis in a library that interposes on all language transitions and thus is compiler and VM independent. We call the resulting dynamic bug detection tool Jinn. We show Jinn detects and diagnoses a wide variety of FFI bugs that other tools do not. This paper lays the foundation for better specification and enforcement of FFIs and a more principled approach to developing correct multilingual software. 1.
Electron microscopic localization of receptors for aggregated beta 2-microglobulin on the surface of beta-hemolytic streptococci (1983)

The presence and location of receptors for aggregated human beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2m) on the surface of group A, C, and G streptococci were studied by electron microscopic techniques. Ferritin-conjugated aggregates of human beta 2m were used in direct binding experiments. Ferritin-conjugated antibodies against beta 2m were employed in a two-step indirect binding assay where the streptococci were incubated with unlabeled beta 2m aggregates before the addition of antibodies. Similar results were obtained with these two methods. Among tested group C and G strains, some showed binding of beta 2m, whereas others were negative. In group A streptococci, beta 2m binding was localized to filamentous structures typical of M protein. In two M protein-negative group A strains, the reactivity was heterogeneous, revealing a majority of unlabeled, but also some heavily labeled streptococci. Morphologically, these beta 2m-binding bacteria exhibited M protein-like projections in contrast to the smooth surfaces of unlabeled cells.