gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Proposal of Very High Performance and High Density Printed Wiring Board and Its Very High Productivity Manufacturing Processes (2011)

Copper sputter-deposition by a newly developed technique called rotation magnetron sputtering is introduced for copper seed layer formation on printed wiring boards (PWBs) as an alternative to the electroless copper plating, which requires many complicated process steps as well as an intentional roughness-induced process to obtain practical adhesion capability between the copper and the resin. A rough copper surface degrades high-speed signal propagation due to an increase in conductive loss, and makes difficult the realization of further miniaturization of copper wirings. Thus, a very smooth surface layer of cycloolefin resin with a low dielectric constant and a low dielectric loss is introduced for realizing high-speed signal propagation, low electrical power consumption, and very high density packaging by introducing PWBs with a new structure, which are characterized by: 1) high characteristic impedance of 100 Ω instead of the current characteristic impedance of 50 Ω, which decreases the electrical power consumption down by one-half and increases the packaging density up to about four times by decreasing the copper wiring width down to one-fourth of the current characteristic impedance of 50 Ω, and 2) multi-resin step copper wiring to simultaneously establish very high density packaging by introducing 10-μm width copper wiring with 40 μm resin thickness and very high speed signal propagation with 80- and/or 120-μm resin thickness copper wiring. By introducing the plasma process steps, such as radio frequency bias Ar/H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> plasma cleaning of the resin surface as well as the exposed inner copper surface, plasma nitridation of the resin surface, deposition of copper nitride, and deposition of the copper seed layer, a copper seed layer with a very smooth surface having very strong adhesion with the resin can be obtained. This technology greatly contributes to next-generation PWBs with very high performance and very high productivity.
Ultrasensitive detection of circulating LINE-1 ORF1p as a specific multi-cancer biomarker (2023)

Improved biomarkers are needed for early cancer detection, risk stratification, treatment selection, and monitoring treatment response. While proteins can be useful blood-based biomarkers, many have limited sensitivity or specificity for these applications. Long INterspersed Element-1 (LINE-1, L1) open reading frame 1 protein (ORF1p) is a transposable element protein overexpressed in carcinomas and high-risk precursors during carcinogenesis with negligible detectable expression in corresponding normal tissues, suggesting ORF1p could be a highly specific cancer biomarker. To explore the potential of ORF1p as a blood-based biomarker, we engineered ultrasensitive digital immunoassays that detect mid-attomolar (10-17 M) ORF1p concentrations in patient plasma samples across multiple cancers with high specificity. Plasma ORF1p shows promise for early detection of ovarian cancer, improves diagnostic performance in a multi-analyte panel, and provides early therapeutic response monitoring in gastric and esophageal cancers. Together, these observations nominate ORF1p as a multi-cancer biomarker with potential utility for disease detection and monitoring.
Video Games as a Tool to Train Cognitive Skills (2006)

Abstract : The general goals and aims of this project were to evaluate the use of computer training software, and in particular action video games, as a tool to train and enhance perceptual skills, visual attention, and working memory capacities. The author's previous work has shown that playing just 10 hours of an action video game leads to marked improvement in the number of objects that can be attended, the amount of visual information that can be processed in a fast stream of visual information, and the ability to search and locate targets in a cluttered visual scene (Shawn C. Green and Daphne Bavelier, Nature 2003). This report describes studies that build on this work. The studies are as follows: (1) Evaluation of the Interactive Metronome as a Training Tool for Visual Attention and Working Memory evaluated Interactive Metronome (IM) training as a way to enhance visual attention and working memory, and compared IM training to four video games that are representative of four popular genres (i.e., America's Army, Harry Potter, Tetris, card games) (Julie Cohen, Shawn C. Green, and Daphne Bavelier); (2) Evaluation of the Impact of Action Game Training on the Spatial Resolution of Vision (Shawn C. Green); (3) Evaluation of the Impact of Action Games on the Temporal Dynamics of Lateral Interactions in the Visual System characterizes the changes induced by action game training on the temporal properties of visual processing (Renji Li, Dr. U. Polat, and Dr. W. Makous); (4) Computational Models of Perceptual Learning develops a quantitative model of a neural architecture that exhibits learning with the same characteristics as those described in behavioral studies (Weiji Ma and Dr. A. Pouget); and (5) Neural Bases of Perceptual Learning characterizes the neural correlates of the learning induced by video game training (Rebecca Achtman). An annotated bibliography of six manuscripts prepared during the grant period is included.
IBM POWER8 circuit design and energy optimization (2015)

The IBM POWER8™ processor is a 649-mm <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="TeX">$^{2} $</tex-math></inline-formula> , 4.2-billion transistor, high-frequency microprocessor fabricated in the IBM 22-nm silicon on insulator (SOI) technology with embedded dynamic random access memory (eDRAM) and 15 layers of metal. With its twelve architecturally enhanced, eight-way multithreaded cores, 96-MB high-bandwidth shared third-level cache, and increased on and off-chip bandwidth, the POWER8 processor delivers industry-leading performance. This paper describes the circuit techniques and design methodologies that were employed for implementing this chip and that allowed it to maintain the power dissipation at the level of its predecessor while delivering a threefold increase in per-socket performance. Among the innovative technologies employed by the processor are resonant clocking, on-chip per-core voltage regulation, and enhanced eDRAM arrays.
A new diode structure with Inverse injection Dependency of Emitter Efficiency (IDEE) (2010)

In this paper, a new diode structure with Inverse injection Dependency of Emitter Efficiency (IDEE) concept is presented which has been investigated by device simulation. The IDEE concept in combination with a Controlled Injection of Backside Holes (CIBH) cathode structure improves substantially the trade-off between surge current capability, turn-off losses and turn-off ruggedness. The IDEE diode is characterized by an anode-side highly doped p+-region, which is interrupted by n-doped channels. In contrast to conventional emitters, the IDEE anode region provides a low emitter efficiency at low currents and a high emitter efficiency at high currents. This feature leads to a reduced anode side plasma density and improved reverse recovery at low current densities; on the other hand the diode's surge current capability is significantly enhanced.
SRAM, NAND, DRAM contact hole patterning using block copolymer directed self-assembly guided by small topographical templates (2011)

Sublithographic patterning using Directed Self-Assembly (DSA) is demonstrated for practical circuits with non-periodic features. The DSA of irregularly distributed contact holes is guided by small topographical templates patterned by immersion 193 nm optical lithography. We experimentally demonstrate flexible and precise DSA control of 25 nm contact holes (centroid deviation∼1 nm) guided by 66 nm guiding templates for industry-standard 22-nm SRAM cells. Solution are also proposed to pattern contact holes (CD∼15 nm, Pitch∼40 nm, σ∼2 nm) for 15-nm NAND with two-hole templates and 2×-nm DRAM with three-hole templates. DSA is a low-cost, high-throughput extension of the double-patterning technique.
Immunotherapy of allergic diseases using probiotics or recombinant probiotics (2013)

Allergic diseases affect up to 30% of the western population, and their prevalence is increasing. Probiotics are able to modulate the mucosal immune response, and clinical trials demonstrated that specific strains, especially lactic acid bacteria (LAB) ones, reduce allergic symptoms. Moreover, the use of recombinant probiotics has been evaluated as possible strategies for the immunotherapy of allergic diseases. The production and delivery of allergens by recombinant LAB in concert with their ability to induce a Th1-type immune response have been shown to be a promising mucosal vaccination strategy in mouse model. The aim of this article is to review the applications of probiotics in allergy immunotherapy with a special focus on recombinant LAB delivering proteins or DNA.
Effects of Ultrasonication and Agitation Milling on Precursor Sol for the Synthesis of Lead Titanate. (2000)

Ferroelectric perovskite lead titanate is synthesized from titania sol and lead oxide sol via various precursors. Ultrasonication and milling were performed either separately or simultaneously during precursor preparation. By these treatments, agglomerates were significantly disintegrated, with concomitant mechanochemical incipient reaction toward PbTiO3. Dispersion state of the product precursor is significantly improved when mechanochemical effects are combined with ultrasonication.
The Development of LiFeO2 ‐ LiCoO2 ‐ NiO Cathodes for Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells (1999)

The phase relationships in the ternary system were determined and used to find compositions that would reduce the resistivity of ‐containing cathodes to levels low enough for molten carbonate fuel cells. There was no solubility limit in the binary system; a continuous solution was formed. Two regions of homogeneity were found in the binary, 0 to 13 and 87 to 100 mol % . Similarly, two regions of homogeneity were found in the binary, 0 to 18 and 94 to 100 mol % . The resistivities of these materials indicate that addition of Ni and Co to the lattice decreases the resitivity from about 300 Ω cm to about 1 to 10 Ω cm at 650°C. Using both Ni and Co additives together reduces the resistivity of and its sensitivity to partial pressure. Cell tests indicate that solid solutions system posseses electrocatalytic activity. The cell displayed a potential of 0.79 V at . The data indicate that cathodes hold promise for fuel‐cell cathodes. © 1999 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Use of metadata to improve recognition of spontaneous speech and named entities (2004)

With improved recognition accuracies for LVCSR tasks, it has become possible to search large collections of spontaneous speech for a variety of information. The MALACH corpus of Holocaust testimonials is one such collection, in which we are interested in automatically transcribing and retrieving portions that are relevant to named entities such as people, places, and organizations. Since the testimonials were gathered from thousands of people in countries throughout Europe, an extremely large number of potential named entities are possible, and this causes a well-known dilemma: increasing the size of the vocabulary allows for more of these words to be recognized, but also increases confusability, and can harm recognition performance. However, the MALACH corpus, like many other collections, includes side information or metadata that can be exploited to provide prior information on exactly which named entities are likely to appear. This paper proposes a method that capitalizes on this prior information to reduce named-entity recognition errors by over 50% relative, and simultaneously decrease the overall word error rate by 7% relative. The metadata we use derives from a pre-interview questionaire that includes the names of friends, relatives, places visited, membership of organizations, synonyms of place names, and similar information. By augmenting the lexicon and language model with this information on a speaker-by-speaker basis, we are able to exploit the textual information that is already available in the corpus to facilitate much improved speech recognition.
Vaskuläre Komplikationen und Notfälle in der onkologischen Viszeralchirurgie – was muss ein Viszeralchirurg können und wissen (2017)

<b>Background</b> Continuous improvements in perioperative and neoadjuvant therapy concepts nowadays permit more extensive tumor resections with curative intention. In patients with arterial or venous tumour involvement in preoperative imaging, physicians with expertise in vascular surgery should be involved in the planning phase of the operation. Unexpected vascular complications during abdominal surgery demand prompt management by the oncological surgeon. However, skills in vascular surgery are still not obligatory for the visceral surgeon in training. This topic is controversial and is therefore the focus of the present study. <b>Patients and Methods</b> From 2010 - 2015, a total of 126 patients underwent visceral operations involving vascular surgical interventions. Of these, 30 operations were performed as radical tumour resections. Retrospective data acquisition was performed with a minimum follow-up of 12 months. Aside from comprehensive characterisation of patients and their diseases, an outcome analysis was conducted. Furthermore, visceral surgery training programs in accordance with all 17 German federal medical associations were analysed and compared with respect to vascular surgery teaching. <b>Results</b> Vascular surgery was necessary in most patients, due to lesions of the mesentericoportal venous system (n = 11; 37%) and visceral arteries (n = 14; 47%). Techniques involved were mostly vascular sutures, reanastomosis or patch plastic surgery (n = 19; 63%) and venous thrombectomy/arterial embolectomy (n = 18; 60%). Hospital mortality was 3%. During follow-up, 33% of oncological patients died, whereas solely venous injury was an independent adverse prognostic variable (arterial vs. venous complications: HR 0.028; 95%-CI 0.002 - 0.442; p = 0.01). Skills in vascular surgery are optional for up to 12 months within visceral surgery training. <b>Conclusions</b> Intraoperative vascular complications in visceral surgical oncology are rare but pose severe risks for the patients. Their management requires basic knowledge and skills in vascular anatomy, preparation and skills to ensure immediate safe control of bleeding, as well as suture techniques and interposition grafts. Current training and specialisation in visceral surgery does not include obligatory vascular surgery teaching, so that this issue needs reevaluation.
Supplementary Figure Legends from VEGF/VEGFR-2 Upregulates EZH2 Expression in Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells and EZH2 Depletion Enhances the Response to Platinum-Based and VEGFR-2–Targeted Therapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 89KB&lt;/p&gt;
Interaction of C6 Cyclic Hydrocarbons with a Si(100)-2×1 Surface:  Adsorption and Hydrogenation Reactions (1999)

The room-temperature chemisorption, thermal reactivity, and reaction with atomic hydrogen were compared for 1,3-cyclohexadiene, 1,4-cyclohexadiene, and cyclohexene on Si(100)-2×1 using multiple internal reflection Fourier transform infrared (MIR−FTIR) spectroscopy, near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), and temperature programmed reaction/desorption techniques. For both dienes, a CC double bond remains in the chemisorbed product, indicating that surface bonding does not involve both alkene groups in the reactant. For 1,3-cyclohexadiene, multiple chemisorption configurations are implicated, consistent with [4+2] and [2+2] cycloaddition products. The average angle between the π bond in the 1,3-cyclohexadiene adsorbate and the Si(100)-2×1 surface is 35° according to NEXAFS measurements. Upon heating, both cyclohexadienes decompose, resulting in the evolution of benzene at temperatures ranging from 400 to 700 K and release of H2 from the silicon surface at 780 K, although the behavior differs slightly for the two compounds. IR annealing studies for 1,3-cyclohexadiene confirm that decomposition begins between 400 and 500 K. Following atomic hydrogenation of the chemisorbed C6 cyclic hydrocarbons, the same vibrational spectra are obtained for cyclohexene, 1,3-cyclohexadiene, 1,4-cyclohexadiene, and benzene; these spectra are also similar to that of chemisorbed cyclohexene. These similarities suggest a common hydrogenation product, whose structure is consistent with a hydrogenated [2+2] adduct, independent of whether before hydrogenation the chemisorbed hydrocarbon formed a [2+2] or [4+2] product.
Inhibition of Ras and Related Guanosine Triphosphate-dependent Proteins as a Therapeutic Strategy for Blocking Malignant Glioma Growth: II-Preclinical Studies in a Nude Mouse Model (1999)

These studies demonstrate that farnesyltransferase inhibition is effective in diminishing the growth of human glioma cells in vivo. Evaluation of this treatment approach in clinical trials is warranted.
A new polymorphic probe on chromosome 3p: λLIB17–11 (D3S1092) (1991)

XLIB17 -11 is a 1.7 kb EcoRI fragment isolated from a Charon 21A human chromosome 3 library (1). Polymorphism: MspI digestion of genomic DNA and hybridization with the probe detects a two-allele polymorphism: 6.0 kb (Al) and 5.0 kb (A2). Frequency: Estimated from 120 unrelated Caucasians A1 :0.47 A2:0.53 Frequency of Heterozygosity: 0.5. Not Polymorphic For: BamHI, BglII, DraI, EcoRI, HindRI, HinfI, Pvull, RsaI and TaqI. Chromosomal Localization: Using a somatic cell hybrid panel (2) which was based on linkage groups anchored to physically localized markers, the probe was assigned to the short arm of chromosome 3 between 3pl4-p2l. Mendelian Inheritance: Mendelian inheritance has been demonstrated in a two generation von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL) family. Probe
An investigation of contributions to carbon‐13 spin‐lattice relaxtion in amino acids and peptide hormones (1975)

Abstract Carbon‐13 spin‐lattice relaxation times have been measured in glycine and the tripeptide pro‐leu‐gly‐NH 2 . These times are compared with those measured in the same compounds where the glycine α‐carbon has been deuterated. In this manner evidence is obtained which indicates that mechanisms other than dipolar interactions with covalently bonded protons may contribute to carbon‐13 spin‐lattice relaxation. The effect of these additional mechanisms is found to be non‐negligible for the carbonyl carbon of glycine and the glycine α‐carbon of the tripeptide. The implication of these findings for deducing motional information from carbon‐13 relaxation measurements is briefly discussed.
Modeling and Design Aspects of a Monolithically Integrated Optoelectronic Chip enabling 64Gbaud Operation (2018)

We report on the modeling of silicon photonic IQ-modulators with monolithically co-integrated BiCMOS segmented drivers. The structure is evaluated for coherent inter-DCI applications with symbol rates up to 64GBd and modulation formats up to DP-64QAM.
Microstructure of rapidly‐quenched ZrO 2 ‐SiO 2 glass‐ceramics fabricated by container‐less aerodynamic levitation technology (2022)

Abstract In this work, an aerodynamic levitation technology (ALT) was utilized to prepare ZrO 2 ‐SiO 2 glass‐ceramics with two different ZrO 2 contents, that is, 35 mol% and 50 mol%. The glass‐ceramics were partially melted at ∼2000°C or fully melted at ∼3000°C by ALT, followed by rapid quenching to obtain spherical glass‐ceramic beads. The phase compositions and microstructures of the glass‐ceramics were characterized. Crystallization of ZrO 2 occurred during the solidification process and ZrO 2 content, processing temperature, and the addition of yttrium (3 mol%) affected the crystalline phase of ZrO 2 . No ZrSiO 4 or crystalline SiO 2 were formed during the solidification process and the glass‐ceramics were away from thermodynamic equilibrium due to rapid quenching. The glass‐ceramics showed a microstructure of irregular‐shaped ZrO 2 micro‐aggregates embedded in an amorphous SiO 2 matrix, with lamellar twins and lattice defects formed within ZrO 2 crystals. For samples prepared at ∼3000°C, a liquid‐liquid phase separation occurred in the melt, which eventually resulted in the formation of large and irregular‐shaped ZrO 2 aggregates. In comparison, for samples prepared at ∼2000°C, pre‐existed ZrO 2 crystals formed during heating acted as nucleation sites during the cooling process, followed by grain growth to form large ZrO 2 aggregates. Solidification and microstructure formation mechanisms were proposed to elucidate the solidification process during rapid cooling and the microstructure of the glass‐ceramics obtained.
Principles, Functions, and Applications of Optical Meta‐Lens (2021)

Abstract A meta‐lens is an advanced flat optical device composed of artificial antennas. The amplitude, phase, and polarization of incident light can be engineered to satisfy the application requirements of meta‐lenses. Meta‐lenses can be designed to achieve a variety of functions, such as diffraction‐limited focusing, high focusing efficiency, and aberration correlation, which are useful in various application scenarios. This review focuses on the recent progress in meta‐lenses, from fundamentals to applications. The present challenges in this domain are summarized and future prospects are offered. The primary aim of this review is to provide the reader with a comprehensive understanding of meta‐lenses and potential inspiration for designing high‐performance meta‐lenses for feasible applications.
Estimating Blood Pressure via Artificial Neural Networks Based on Measured Photoplethysmography Waveforms (2018)

A new approach for estimating blood pressure from photoplethysmography (PPG) signals is developed using artificial neural networks (ANNs). Blood Pressure is one of the most important parameters that can provide valuable information of personal healthcare. A reflective photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor module is developed for the cuffless, non-invasive blood pressure (BP) measurement based on PPG at wrist on radial artery. Blood Pressure is in a relation with the pulse duration of the PPG. In this paper, we propose to estimate blood pressure from PPG signal by using artificial neural networks approach. This is the first reported study to consider varied temporal periods of PPG waveforms as features for application of artificial neural networks (ANNs) to estimate blood pressure. We compared our results with those measured using a commercial cuff-based digital blood pressure measuring device and obtained encouraging results of overall SBP and DBP regression (R) as 0.99115.