gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantized Ballistic Transport of Electrons and Electron Pairs in LaAlO$_3$/SrTiO$_3$ Nanowires (2016)

SrTiO$_3$-based heterointerfaces support quasi-two-dimensional (2D) electron systems that are analogous to III-V semiconductor heterostructures, but also possess superconducting, magnetic, spintronic, ferroelectric, and ferroelastic degrees of freedom. Despite these rich properties, the relatively low mobilities of 2D complex-oxide interfaces appear to preclude ballistic transport in 1D. Here we show that the 2D LaAlO$_3$/SrTiO$_3$ interface can support quantized ballistic transport of electrons and (non-superconducting) electron pairs within quasi-1D structures that are created using a well-established conductive atomic-force microscope (c-AFM) lithography technique. The nature of transport ranges from truly single-mode (1D) to three-dimensional (3D), depending on the applied magnetic field and gate voltage. Quantization of the lowest $e^2/h$ plateau indicate a ballistic mean-free path $l_{MF}\sim$ 20 $μ$m, more than two orders of magnitude larger than for 2D LaAlO$_3$/SrTiO$_3$ heterostructures. Non-superconducting electron pairs are found to be stable in magnetic fields as high as $B=11$ T, and propagate ballistically with conductance quantized at 2$e^2/h$. Theories of one-dimensional (1D) transport of interacting electron systems depend crucially on the sign of the electron-electron interaction, which may help explain the highly ballistic transport behavior. The 1D geometry yields new insights into the electronic structure of the LaAlO$_3$/SrTiO$_3$ system and offers a new platform for the study of strongly interacting 1D electronic systems.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclic Hydrocarbons from Diazoalkanes (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Cotton Wool Spots after Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Therapy for Macular Edema Associated with Central Retinal Vein Occlusion (2016)

Some eyes with CRVO-related macular edema can show a transient increase in CWS after initial anti-VEGF therapy; however, macular edema, retinal hemorrhage, and visual acuity were improved in almost every case.
A Virtual Clinical Trial of FDG-PET Imaging of Breast Cancer: Effect of Variability on Response Assessment (2014)

For typical PET variance levels, tumor response must be 30% to 40% to be reliably determined using SUVs. PET scan duration and image reconstruction method had relatively little effect.
Rebreathing into a bag increases human retinal macular blood velocity. (1995)

Although RB has some systemic risk due to hypoxia and hypercapnia, RB for a short period of 1 or 2 minutes might be of help in the treatment of retinal arterial obstructive diseases in young patients without cardiovascular disorders if other treatments do not show any beneficial effects.
Hafnium oxide films by atomic layer deposition for high-κ gate dielectric applications: Analysis of the density of nanometer-thin films (2005)

The density of hafnium oxide films grown by atomic layer deposition for high-κ gate dielectric applications was investigated for films with thickness in the nanometer range. The density, measured by combining the film thickness from transmission electron microscopy with the amount of hafnium deposited from Rutherford backscattering, decreased with decreasing film thickness. The dielectric constant of hafnium oxide remained constant with decreasing film thickness, however. The main reason for the decrease in the measured density seemed not to be a decrease in the inherent material density. Instead, the relative importance of interface roughness in the density measurement increased with decreasing film thickness.
Rate-Limiting Hydrodynamic Resistance for Controlled Reagent Delivery for Laboratory Solution Preparation (2007)

The need for precise delivery of minute quantities of substances for solution preparation and other applications is well-known in research, clinical, industrial, and environmental settings. Currently available techniques for solution preparation in the laboratory include traditional transfer pipettes, micropipettes based on air displacement, and motorized devices using some form of a piston system. These techniques control the amount delivered by controlling the delivered volume. In this work we test the practicality of the concept of using a constant rate-limiting hydrodynamic resistance to achieve controlled reagent flow for solution preparation. The delivered amount is determined in this approach by time, pressure, flow resistance, or a combination of these. Good results are achieved comparable to conventional techniques without the use of fine mechanical instrumentation. This approach holds promise as an alternative to current methods of solution preparation and reagent delivery for routine laboratory use.
Supplementary Figure 5 from Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia– Initiating Cells Require Polycomb Group Protein EZH2 (2023)

&lt;p&gt;In vitro validation of Ezh2 gRNA and its impact on CML.&lt;/p&gt;
A novel CD154 monoclonal antibody in acute and chronic rat vascularized cardiac allograft rejection1 (2002)

A new anti-CD154 antibody not only prevents acute allograft rejection, but also inhibits and interrupts the development of chronic rejection. In the acute rejection model cyclosporine acts synergistically with anti-CD154 therapy to prolong allograft survival and induce tolerance. In the chronic rejection model relatively early initiation of therapy is essential to prevent progression of chronic allograft vasculopathy and fibrosis.
Second-Law Methods for the Analysis & Design of Hypersonic Vehicles (2007)

Recent efforts to use the second law of thermodynamics to develop entropy-based or exergy-based approaches for multidisciplinary analysis of flight vehicles have introduced the possibility of defining a true common currency for vehicle performance that is valid for virtually any subsystem or physical mechanism. Using these concepts, a new performance auditing methodology for flight vehicles based on the laws of thermodynamics has been developed. This includes the theoretical development of performance auditing methodologies based on vehicle-based exergy loss (which is different from exergy losses in stationary systems), and an implementation of these methodologies using a multidisciplinary analysis and optimization system. The exergy concepts are applied to the external aerodynamics, propulsion system, and thermal heating of a hypersonic vehicle for performance auditing throughout a flight trajectory. Important relationships between minimum fuel and minimum loss trajectories have been developed, and it has been shown in an application that the minimum fuel and minimum loss trajectories are essentially identical for a class of point-to-point missions. The techniques and software developed in this project provide a unique framework for understanding vehicle performance and the relative magnitudes of various loss mechanisms, which is expected to lead to better understanding of how to improve overall vehicle performance. The second-law techniques have been implemented into an existing multidisciplinary analysis and optimization system for hypersonic vehicles: the Integrated Hypersonic Aeromechanics Tool (IHAT). New capabilities have been added to the IHAT system to allow calculation of second-law loss metrics (e.g., exergy loss rates) for different subsystems and due to different physical mechanisms. The techniques have been applied to the aerodynamic, propulsion, and thermal heating subsystems of a generic waverider vehicle. Over a typical mission, the total exergy loss due to different physical mechanisms and components of the aerodynamic, propulsion, and thermal heating systems are calculated. Critical variables for total exergy loss of a hypersonic waverider vehicle are identified through parametric studies. These variables are then optimized for minimum total exergy loss for given flight conditions.
Modification of Peptides to Limit Metabolism (2015)

Naturally occurring endogenous peptide neurotransmitters and other peptides have had limited usage as drugs due to the rapid proteolysis in vivo. Rapid proteolysis of peptides by proteolytic enzymes can occur for many reasons and can be beneficial or non-beneficial depending upon the biological circumstances. If the metabolic stability of the peptides is a desired property, however, the pharmacophore residues of the endogenous hormone and neurotransmitter peptides which are essential for the biological activities need to be identified, and then protected from rapid proteolysis. In addition, proteolytic action and its specificity on metabolically unstable desired peptides needs to be further established in order to provide a better framework for designing metabolically stabilized peptides. We have systematically described some approaches which have been taken to stabilize peptides from proteolytic action.
Supplemental Figure S5 from Loss of <i>ARID1A</i> Activates <i>ANXA1</i>, which Serves as a Predictive Biomarker for Trastuzumab Resistance (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure S5: METABRIC Boxplot and survival figures&lt;/p&gt;
Minimal Residual Disease Detection in Hairy Cell Leukemia Comparison of Flow Cytometric Immunophenotyping With Clonal Analysis Using Consensus Primer Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Heavy Chain Gene (2003)

We studied 86 specimens from 24 patients with hairy cell leukemia (HCL) to determine the sensitivity of routine flow cytometry (FC) and consensus primer PCR (cpPCR) in this disease. FC was more sensitive, detecting HCL in 48 (56%) of 86 specimens, while clonal B-cell populations were detected by cpPCR in only 23 (27%) of 86 specimens. FC and cpPCR were both more sensitive than morphologic examination. A positive cpPCR result is associated with higher tumor cell numbers than a negative cpPCR result, as determined by FC (P = .0017). We determined cutoff values for number of tumor cells at which cpPCR is consistently positive. At 6.8 tumor cells per microliter, cpPCR would be expected to be positive in at least 90% of the samples. FC was adequate in 86 cases (100%), while cpPCR was adequate in 74 cases (86%). FC is superior to cpPCR for detecting minimal residual HCL. It is more sensitive and more specific and permits quantitation of tumor cell number.
Effect of Phorbol Esters on Cytosolic Ca2+ Level, Myosin Phosphorylation and Muscle Tension in High K+-Stimulated Bovine Tracheal Smooth Muscle. (1997)

To determine the role of protein kinase C (PKC) in bovine tracheal smooth muscle contractility, we examined the effects of phorbol esters on cytosolic Ca2+ level ([Ca2+]i), myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation and contractile force in intact muscle and contraction in a permeabilized preparation. In intact muscle, 12-deoxyphorbol 13-isobutyrate (DPB, 1 microM) increased the force without changing [Ca2+]i. High K+ (72.7 mM) induced sustained contraction with sustained increase in [Ca2+]i. In the muscle stimulated by high K+, 50 nM DPB increased the contractile force without changing [Ca2+]i, and 1 microM DPB increased the contractile force with decreasing [Ca2+]i. Thus DPB shifted the [Ca2+]i/force relationship for high K+ to the lower [Ca2+]i in a concentration-dependent manner. In permeabilized muscle, DPB did not induce contraction in the absence of Ca2+ (< < 0 nM), but shifted the Ca2+/force relationship to the lower Ca2+ levels. In the muscle stimulated with high K+, DPB (50 nM and 1 microM) increased MLC phosphorylation and force without changing the MLC phosphorylation/force relationship. DPB (1 microM) increased PKC activity estimated by the translocation from the cytoplasm to the membrane. These results suggest that DPB increases the Ca2+ sensitivity of MLC phosphorylation via the activation of PKC. Furthermore, DPB at higher concentration has an inhibitory effect on stimulated [Ca2+]i.
856: A Pretreatment Nomogram for Predicting the Need for Additional Therapy Following Radical Prostatectomy for Prostate Cancer (2004)

METHODS: We queried our multidisciplinary prostate cancer database, for patients that had a radical prostatectomy alone for clinically localized disease. We defined BCR as a single post-operative PSA value of greater than or equal to 0.2 ng/ml. We compiled and analyzed all the bone scan studies in these patients. Preoperative PSA, time to BCR, pathologic findings (surgical margin, presence of extracapsular extension, seminal vesicle invasion, involvement of lymph nodes metastases and pathological Gleason score), level ofPSA before the bone scan (TriggerPSA) and PSA doubling (PSADT) time were incorporated into a predictive model. RESULTS: Of the 3620 patients, 674 meet our BCR criteria. In 223 of them, 570 bone scans were performed. 122 bone scans were done while the patients were on androgen deprivation therapy (21.4%). Those tests were excluded from the analysis. Of the 448 eligible bone scans, 42 were positive for metastatic prostate cancer (9.4%). According to the generalized linear mixed multivariate model, the triggerPSA (P=O.Ol4) and the PSA-doubling time (P=0.03) predicted a positive bone scan. A predictive model was constructed with an ROC of 0.79. For example, patients with triggerPSA of less then 2ng/ml and PSADT > 12 months, 0/39 (0%) patients had a positive bone scan, in contrast to patients with triggerPSA of 20 to 50 ng/ml and PSADT <10 months for which 8/25 (32%) patients had a positive bone scan.
M‐COPA, a novel Golgi system disruptor, suppresses apoptosis induced by Shiga toxin (2016)

Shiga toxin (Stx) is a main virulence factor of Stx-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) that contributes to diarrhea and hemorrhagic colitis and occasionally to fatal systemic complications. Therefore, the development of an antidote to neutralize Stx toxicity is urgently needed. After internalization into cells, Stx is transferred to the Golgi apparatus via a retrograde vesicular transport system. We report here that 2-methylcoprophilinamide (M-COPA), a compound that induces disassembly of the Golgi apparatus by inactivating ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (Arf1), suppresses Stx-induced apoptosis. M-COPA inhibited transport of Stx from the plasma membrane to the Golgi apparatus and suppressed degradation of anti-apoptotic proteins and the activation of caspases. These findings suggest that inhibition of Stx retrograde transport by M-COPA could be a novel approach to suppress Stx toxicity.
Targeted inhibition of COX-2 expression by RNA interference suppresses tumor growth and potentiates chemosensitivity to cisplatin in human gastric cancer cells (2007)

Although selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors suppress cell proliferation in gastric cancer, it remains debatable whether their effect is mediated through COX-2 dependent or independent pathways. We investigated the effects of the targeted inhibition of COX-2 expression by small interfering RNA (siRNA) in human gastric cancer cells and compared it to the effects of treatment with a specific COX-2 inhibitor. COX-2 mRNA and proteins were significantly reduced by up to 80% on day 2 after COX-2 siRNA transfection to the gastric cancer cell line MKN45. Concentrations of prostaglandins E2 (PGE2) in the condition medium were also reduced to 30% after siRNA transfection. Transfection of COX-2 siRNA exhibited a more potent anti-proliferative effect on MKN45 cells than treatment with high-dose (100 microM) NS398. COX-2 siRNA also significantly reduced tumor growth in nude mice. While COX-2 siRNA transfection alone had no obvious pro-apoptotic effects, unlike low-dose (10 microM) NS398 it enhanced the apoptotic reaction of MKN45 cells to cisplatin therapy. In conclusion, our results demonstrate for the first time that COX-2 siRNA inhibits cell growth and enhances the chemosensitivity of gastric cancer cells. RNA interference may be a promising alternative to specific COX-2 inhibitors in the prevention and treatment of gastric cancer.
Production of Human Monoclonal Antibody in Mouse Ascites (1984)

Human B-cell hybridomas were grown in nude mouse ascites. The growth of cells in ascites requires prior subcutaneous (SC) adaptation, but the amount of antibody harvested is 100-fold that produced in in vitro culture. The relative merits of in vitro versus in vivo production of human monoclonal antibodies are discussed.
Simultaneous Recognition and Homography Extraction of Local Patches with a Simple Linear Classifier (2008)

CAMP | Computer Aided Medical Procedures | http://campar.cs.tum.edu | Technische Universitat Munchen | TUM References [1] Hinterstoisser, S. et al.: Online Learning of Patch Perspective Rectification for Efficient Object Detection, CVPR 2008, Anchorage, Alaska, USA. [2] Ozuysal, M. et al.: Fast Keypoint Recognition in Ten Lines of Code, CVPR 2007, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA. [3] Jurie, F. et al.: Hyperplane approximation for template matching, PAMI, 2002 Problem •Previous approaches (Leopar1 [Same authors,CVPR'08]) showed that we can efficiently estimate the 3D pose of a poorly textured object by learning the patch appearance. Leopar1 is performed in 4 steps: (a) Pre-classify feature points with e.g. Ferns2 (b) Rough orientation estimation of the patch with respect to the feature point identity (c) Rectification refinement by applying a Template Matching algorithm3 (d) Outlier removal by simple correlation measure Leopar1 gives much better results concerning the accuracy and repeatability of the pose than affine region detectors but still suffers from a decreasing robustness towards large viewpoint changes. Reasons for that: • Error-prone pre-classification of initial feature points in (a) (by Ferns2) without taking into account the pose of the patch • Rough estimation of the pose of the patch in (b) is limited to orientations
Optimum bandwidth per sub-carrier of multicarrier/DS-CDMA for broadband packet wireless access in reverse link (2002)

This paper elucidates the optimum bandwidth per subcarrier in the reverse link for multicarrier (MC)/DS-CDMA using a 10 to 80 MHz bandwidth in a multipath fading channel with numerous resolved multipaths, taking into account all major effects, ie, the improvement in the Rake time diversity effect and the degradation in the path search and the channel estimation due to multipath interference (MPI). The simulation results show that the improvement in radio link performance is almost saturated at a bandwidth of greater than 40 MHz (the corresponding number of multipaths is 12-48) when the spreading factor of the channel is SF = 32, and the best performance is achieved at the bandwidth of approximately 20 MHz when SF = 4 with two-branch antenna diversity reception. This is generated by the tradeoff between the improvement in the Rake time diversity effect and the increased MPI in addition to the degradation in the path search and channel estimation accuracy associated with a lower average received signal-to-interference plus background noise power ratio. Therefore, we conclude that MC/DS-CDMA, where each carrier has the bandwidth of approximately 20-40 MHz, is one of the most promising candidates for broadband packet wireless access in the reverse link.
Effects of Excess C on New Grain Formation and Static Recrystallization Behavior at Shear Bands in Cold-Rolled Ultra-Low Carbon Steel Sheets (2019)

To investigate the effect of excess trace amounts of solute carbon on recrystallization of cold-rolled steel sheets, the recrystallization behavior of Ti-bearing ultra-low carbon steels was studied. Recrystallization was accelerated by the presence of solute carbon, and microstructure observation confirmed that recrystallized grains were generated at ferrite grain boundaries or deformation bands. In steel containing a trace amount of solute carbon, observation of many recrystallized grains generated from ferrite grain boundaries indicated that the existence of fine grains before cold-rolling of steel containing solute carbon is one cause for accelerated recrystallization.
Yield Enhancement Of An Advanced Poly-Emitter Complementary Bipolar Technology (2005)

This paper presents a methodology for the enhancement of VLSI process manufacturability with TCAD tools. Once the fabrication equipment fluctuations are characterized, Monte Carlo simulations and sensitivity analyses are used to design corrective actions that minimize process variability, thus improving the manufacturability. This approach was successfully implemented in an advanced bipolar technology at Harris, resulting in a 15% improvement in yield.
Influence of extracellular matrix proteins on the expression of neuronal polarity (1989)

The influence of laminin (LN) and fibronectin (FN) on the differentiation of individual neurones from the embryonic rat central nervous system was studied in vitro. In control cultures or in the presence of soluble FN, most neurones had several dendrite-like and one axon-like processes. On substratum-bound LN, multipolar and unipolar cells were present. Soluble LN and bound FN induced a very simple neuronal morphology, most neurones having only one axon-like neurite as defined by morphological and immunocytochemical characteristics. The significant reduction of neuronal adhesion and spreading in conditions leading to the growth inhibition of dendrite-like processes suggests that, contrary to that of axons, dendrite growth strongly depends on neuronal adhesion. We propose a model in which the different dependency of axonal and dendritic outgrowth towards adhesion and spreading is explained by the respective physical properties of the two types of neurites.
Poster (2015)

We implement and real-time demonstrate for the first time ROCH; a distributed cognitive algorithm that maximizes secondary network throughput, while at the same time avoids interference to primary users through joint Routing and cOde-waveform CHannelization. ROCH performance is evaluated on a $7$-node software-defined radio testbed using the open-source radio framework, GNU Radio, and Universal Software Radio Peripherals (USRP-N$210$s). The implementation of ROCH is facilitated by the architectural abstractions of the RcUBe radio framework, that provides real-time reconfigurability at the PHY, MAC, and network layers of the protocol stack.
Implementing a Virtual Network on the SDN Data Plane (2020)

The paper investigates the implementation of virtual networks on the SDN data plane, modeled by a graph of physical connections between network nodes. A virtual network is defined as a set of ordered host pairs (sender, receiver), and it is implemented by a set of host-host paths that uniquely determine the switch settings. It is shown that any set of host pairs can be implemented on a connected graph without the occurrence of an infinite transfer of packets in a loop and without duplicate paths when the host receives the same packet several times. However, undesired paths may occur when a host receives a packet that is not intended for this host. On the other hand, it is shown that in some cases, implementation without undesired paths inevitably leads to duplication or looping of packets. The question is posed: on which graph can any set of host pairs be implemented without looping, duplication and undesired paths? A sufficient condition is proposed and a hypothesis is put that this condition is also the necessary condition.