gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
VHDL modeling for the performance evaluation of multicomputer networks (2002)

This paper describes the use of VHDL for performance evaluation. VHDL simulation is coupled with support programs that supply statistical workloads and derive performance results for multicomputer networks. Models for node processing and communication using wormhole routing are described. Methods for extracting performance data from simulation results are presented. Example results are provided to illustrate the utility of the approach. For clarity, the discussion in this paper focuses on a model of a 16-node, or 4-dimensional, hypercube network. The adaptation of the models to other networks is also discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A Novel Quasi-Passive, Software-Defined, and Energy Efficient Optical Access Network for Adaptive Intra-PON Flow Transmission (2015)

In this paper, we propose, design, and demonstrate a novel Intra-PON Flow transmission with optical reroute using a Quasi-PAssive Reconfigurable (QPAR) node. The network can be reconfigured adaptively according to the monitored traffic status in a software-defined manner. Simulations show that PON with reroute architecture can achieve ∼20% higher network capacity comparing to PON without reroute case with the same traffic waiting time or blocking probability requirement. PON with reroute consistently outperforms PON without reroute configuration with 20% larger throughput and 24% less power consumption with the Intra-PON traffic ratio of 0.3. In addition, adaptive Intra-wavelength assignment with a QPAR node can adapt to the subscription rate growth with time, and provide cost and power savings compared to PON without reroute and fixed PON with reroute architectures by approximately 20% and 10%. Moreover, adaptive Intra-PON architecture with a QPAR node can facilitate efficient multicast transmission for video or file backup among multiple serves located in different access networks, which can provide lower traffic waiting time, 14% power saving, and support roughly 30% higher traffic comparing to the fixed PON with reroute design with a multicast ratio of 0.5.
Elucidating the interplay between IgG-Fc valency and FcγR activation for the design of immune complex inhibitors (2016)

Autoantibody immune complex (IC) activation of Fcγ receptors (FcγRs) is a common pathogenic hallmark of multiple autoimmune diseases. Given that the IC structural features that elicit FcγR activation are poorly understood and the FcγR system is highly complex, few therapeutics can directly block these processes without inadvertently activating the FcγR system. To address these issues, the structure activity relationships of an engineered panel of multivalent Fc constructs were evaluated using sensitive FcγR binding and signaling cellular assays. These studies identified an Fc valency with avid binding to FcγRs but without activation of immune cell effector functions. These observations directed the design of a potent trivalent immunoglobulin G-Fc molecule that broadly inhibited IC-driven processes in a variety of immune cells expressing FcγRs. The Fc trimer, Fc3Y, was highly efficacious in three different animal models of autoimmune diseases. This recombinant molecule may represent an effective therapeutic candidate for FcγR-mediated autoimmune diseases.
An efficient route to xanthine based A2A adenosine receptor antagonists and functional derivatives (2010)

A one-pot route to 8-substituted xanthines has been developed from 5,6-diaminouracils and carboxaldehydes. Yields are good and the process applicable to a range of substrates including a family of A(2A) adenosine receptor antagonists. A new route to the KW-6002 family of antagonists is presented including a pro-drug variant, and application to related image contrast agents developed.
Continuous ex vivo monitoring of glucose in blood and subcutaneous tissue fluid (2002)

A system for continuous simultaneous ex vivo monitoring of blood glucose (b.g.) and subcutaneous tissue fluid glucose (s.g.) is presented. The system is based on two portable devices: (1) a continuous ambulatory blood sampler with a miniaturized thin-film glucose sensor in the sampling line and (2) a s.g. monitoring device using open tissue perfusion and measurement of glucose and conductivity for the calculation of absolute s.g. concentration. B.g. and s.g. are measured extracorporeally in a continuous manner with both devices. The system was evaluated in six healthy volunteers during an intravenous and a consecutive oral glucose tolerance test over 6 hours.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
3D Morphometric and Posture Study of Felid Scapulae Using Statistical Shape Modelling (2012)

We present a three dimensional (3D) morphometric modelling study of the scapulae of Felidae, with a focus on the correlations between forelimb postures and extracted scapular shape variations. Our shape modelling results indicate that the scapular infraspinous fossa becomes larger and relatively broader along the craniocaudal axis in larger felids. We infer that this enlargement of the scapular fossa may be a size-related specialization for postural support of the shoulder joint.
MoVTeNbO Multifunctional Catalysts: Correlation Between Constituent Crystalline Phases and Catalytic Performance. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Current Concepts in the Treatment of Acromioclavicular Joint Dislocations (2013)

Level III, systematic review of Level II and Level III studies and one case series.
Painless Electrodiagnostic Current Perception Threshold and Pain Tolerance Threshold Values in CRPS Subjects and Healthy Controls: A Multicenter Study (2001)

The purpose of this study is to evaluate both painless and painful sensory transmission in patients with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) using the automated electrodiagnostic sensory Nerve Conduction Threshold (sNCT) test. This test generates reliable, painless Current Perception Threshold (CPT) and atraumatic Pain Tolerance Threshold (PTT) measures. Standardized CPT and PTT measures using constant alternating current sinusoid waveform stimulus at 3 different frequencies 5 Hz, 250 Hz, and 2 kHz (Neurometer CPT/C Neurotron, Inc. Baltimore, MD) were obtained from CRPS subjects at a distal phalange of the affected extremity and at an ipsilateral asymptomatic control site. Matched sites were tested on healthy subjects. Detection sensitivities for an abnormal PTT and CPT test were calculated based on specificity of 90% as determined from data obtained from healthy controls. A Spearman rank correlation was used to test for a significant association between presence of allodynia and an abnormal PTT or CPT at any frequency tested. Thirty-six CRPS subjects and 57 healthy controls were tested. The highest detection sensitivity of the PTT test from symptomatic test sites was 63% for the finger and 71% for the toe. PTT abnormalities were also detected, to a lesser degree, at the asymptomatic control site (41% finger control site, 16% toe control site). The highest CPT detection sensitivity at the symptomatic site was 37% for the finger site and 53% for the toe site. CPT abnormalities were also detected at the asymptomatic control site (29% finger control site, 37% toe control site). Eighty-six percent of the CRPS subjects had either a PTT or CPT abnormality at any frequency at the symptomatic site. There was a significant correlation between presence of allodynia and presence of an abnormal CPT and PTT, respectively (P < .01). The correlation coefficient was lower for CPT than for PTT, ie, 0.34 versus 0.6 for the finger and 0.48 versus 0.67 for the toe, respectively. In studied CRPS patients an abnormal PTT was detected with higher sensitivity than an abnormal CPT. Assessing PTT may become a useful electrodiagnostic quantitative sensory test for diagnosing and following the course of neuropathic pain conditions.
Testing and extrapolating the nonlinear robustness of modulation formats (2005)

The comparison of the robustness of modulation formats in fiber transmission systems facing nonlinear impairments and noise is carried out experimentally using a test link. Special techniques may be necessary when extrapolating by numerical simulations.
Low-threshold, high-power, 1.3-/spl mu/m wavelength, InGaAsP-InP etched-facet folded-cavity surface-emitting lasers (1995)

A 1.3-μm wavelength, InGaAsP-InP folded-cavity, surface-emitting laser with CH <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> -H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> reactive ion-etched vertical and 45/spl deg/ angled facets was demonstrated for the first time. Continuous-wave threshold currents of 32 mA have been achieved, with >15 mW CW power for the surface-emitted light. These surface-emitting lasers with two dry-etched facets are suitable for wafer-level testing and for monolithic integration with other InP-based photonic devices.
Design and Measurement of a 2.5GHz Switched-Mode CMOS Power Amplifier with Reliability Enhancement (2016)

International audience
Semi-supervised reward learning for offline reinforcement learning (2020)

In offline reinforcement learning (RL) agents are trained using a logged dataset. It appears to be the most natural route to attack real-life applications because in domains such as healthcare and robotics interactions with the environment are either expensive or unethical. Training agents usually requires reward functions, but unfortunately, rewards are seldom available in practice and their engineering is challenging and laborious. To overcome this, we investigate reward learning under the constraint of minimizing human reward annotations. We consider two types of supervision: timestep annotations and demonstrations. We propose semi-supervised learning algorithms that learn from limited annotations and incorporate unlabelled data. In our experiments with a simulated robotic arm, we greatly improve upon behavioural cloning and closely approach the performance achieved with ground truth rewards. We further investigate the relationship between the quality of the reward model and the final policies. We notice, for example, that the reward models do not need to be perfect to result in useful policies.
Proprietes des structures polymeres instables realises par adsorption de polyelectrolytes a l'interface solide-liquide : etude des processus d'agregation colloidale (1991)

La stabilite de suspensions colloidales en presence de polymere depend non seulement du dosage en polymere mais aussi de la structure de la couche formee par le polymere adsorbe a l'interface. L'etude de la cinetique d'adsorption des polyelectrolytes a montre que les structures interfaciales obtenus dependent de la vitesse de mise en contact des macromolecules avec l'adsorbant. Le changement de conformation a ete mis en evidence en controlant la vitesse de recouvrement. Nous avons pu expliquer et quantifier ce phenomene grace a des simulations numeriques. Il a ete modelise par un processus d'adsorption aleatoire dans lequel nous avons introduit le processus de relaxation afin d'etudier la variation temporelle de l'aire moyenne d'une macromoleculaire adsorbee. L'etude du mecanisme d'agregation de colloides induit par les polyelectrolytes a mis en evidence l'influence de la reconformation interfaciale sur le mode d'agregation. Les changements de variation des caracteristiques moyennes des agregats en fonction du temps ont pu etre correles a la cinetique de reconformation du polymere adsorbe. En etablissant une correlation entre la vitesse de sedimentation et la masse des agregats, nous avons pu determiner la dimension fractale des agregats stabilises par adsorption de polymere. Nous avons mis en evidence que lorsque le pontage est forme par des macromolecules flexibles, le processus est toujours de type chimique (rla). Mais lors de notre etude de l'agregation en presence de polyelectrolytes non flexibles ou l'instabilite est induite par pontage interparticulaire, nous avons demontre l'existence d'un processus de type diffusionnel (dla) pour un taux de recouvrement tres faible
Segmentation of Medical Image Volumes (1997)

Segmentation is a process that separates objects in an image. In medical images, particularly image volumes, the field of application is wide. For example 3D visualisations of the anatomy could benefit enormously from segmentation. The aim of this thesis is to construct a segmentation tool. The project consist three main parts. First, a survey of the actual need of segmentation in medical image volumes was carried out. Then a unique three-step model for a segmentation tool was implemented, tested and evaluated. The first step of the segmentation tool is a seed-growing method that uses the intensity and an orientation tensor estimate to decide which voxels that are part of the project. The second step uses an active contour, a deformable “balloon”. The contour is shrunk to fit the segmented border from the first step, yielding a surface suitable for visualisation. The last step consists of letting the contour reshape according to the orientation tensor estimate. The use evaluation establishes the usefulness of the tool. The model is flexible and well adapted to the users’ requests. For unclear objects the segmentation may fail, but the cause is mostly poor image quality. Even though much work remains to be done on the second and third part of the tool, the results are most promising.
Supplementary Figures 1-5 from Anti-DLL4 Has Broad Spectrum Activity in Pancreatic Cancer Dependent on Targeting DLL4-Notch Signaling in Both Tumor and Vasculature Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 139K, Figure S1. DLL4 expression in pancreatic tumor xenografts relative to normal human pancreas. Figure S2. Effect of anti-DLL4 on growth of orthotoptically implanted pancreatic xenograft tumors. Figure S3. Individual tumor measurements for In Vivo Limiting Dilution Assay. Figure S4. Effect of anti-hDLL4, anti-mDLL4, anti-DLL4 and gemcitabine on EMT marker expression&lt;/p&gt;
Angular dependence of sampling modulation transfer function (1997)

Sampling modulation transfer function (MTF) as defined in Park et al. [Appl. Opt. 23, 2527-2582 (1984)] as an x and y sampling can be generalized for image data not along x and y directions. For a given sampling lattice (such as in a laser printer, a scene projector, or a focal-plane array), we construct a two-dimensional sampling MTF based on the distance between nearest samples in each direction. Because the intersample distance depends on direction, the sampling MTF will be best in the directions of highest spatial sampling and poorer in the directions of sparse sampling. We compare hexagonal and rectangular lattices in terms of their equivalent spatial frequency bandwidth. We filter images as a demonstration of the angular-dependent two-dimensional sampling MTF.
Tatum: Parallel Timing Analysis for Faster Design Cycles and Improved Optimization (2018)

Static Timing Analysis (STA) is used to evaluate the correctness and performance of a digital circuit implementation. In addition to final sign-off checks, STA is called numerous times during placement and routing to guide optimization. As a result, STA consumes a significant fraction of the time required for design implementation; to make progress reducing FPGA compile times we need faster STA. We evaluate the suitability of both GPU and multi-core CPU platforms for accelerating STA. On core STA algorithms our GPU kernel achieves a 6.2 times kernel speed-up but data transfer overhead reduces this to 0.9 times. Our best CPU implementation achieves a 9.2 times parallel speed-up on 32 cores, yielding a 15.2 times overall speed-up compared to the VPR analyzer, and a 6.9 times larger parallel speed-up than a recent parallel ASIC timing analyzer. We then show how reducing the run-time cost of STA can be leveraged to improve optimization quality, reducing critical path delay by 4%.
Effect of Framework Polymerization on the Phase Stability of Periodic Silica/Surfactant Nanostructured Composites (2000)

Real time X-ray diffraction is used to examine kinetic barriers and metastability in periodic silica/surfactant nanophase composites. These materials, which are the precursors to ordered mesoporous silicas, are synthesized in a P6mm hexagonal structure using a range of base concentrations. When the composites are heated under hydrothermal conditions, they are observed first to anneal into a more ordered hexagonal structure and then to undergo a hexagonal-to-lamellar phase transition. The transition and annealing are followed in situ through low-angle X-ray diffraction as the materials are heated under a linear temperature ramp. From the variation in diffraction peak intensities with time as a function of ramp rate, it is possible to determine activation energies for the phase transition and for annealing using the Ozawa method. Activation energies both for annealing and for the hexagonal-to-lamellar phase transformation are found to correlate with the base concentration used to synthesize the composites. Materials made at the lowest pH show an activation energy of 163 ± 3 kJ/mol for the hexagonal-to-lamellar phase transition, whereas materials made at the highest pH show an activation energy of only 106 ± 3 kJ/mol. This result can be explained by a more condensed framework in materials synthesized at lower pH and, thus, the need to hydrolyze more silioxane linkages in order for the material to rearrange. The annealing process shows the opposite dependence on pH, with the highest activation energies observed for those materials synthesized at the highest pH (Ea = 58 ± 12 kJ/mol for materials synthesized at the lowest pH and 80 ± 16 kJ/mol for materials synthesized at the highest pH). This result can be explained by postulating that the activation energy for annealing is related to silica condensation, rather than silica hydrolysis. Higher-level kinetic analyses allow us to extract an activation energy from each temperature ramp and, thus, to examine the chemical changes that occur during the heating process. Composites made at the highest synthesis pHs have activation energies that increase with slower ramp rates, suggesting that silica condensation occurs during heating, which, in turn, increases the activation energies. Composites made at the lowest synthesis pHs, in contrast, have activation energies that decrease with slower ramp rates, suggesting that silica hydrolysis occurs during heating, which, in turn, lowers the activation energies. These ideas are corroborated by ex situ 29Si MAS NMR experiments, which show that materials made at the lowest pH start out with the most condensed silica framework. During annealing, the degree of condensation increases, but at the start of the phase transformation, the degree of framework condensation again decreases. This work provides a basis for understanding the relationship between synthetic parameters, silica chemistry, and the stability of silica/surfactant nanostructured composites.
Characterization of Royal Jelly Proteins in both Africanized and European Honeybees (Apis mellifera) by Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis (2003)

In this study, the proteins contained in royal jelly (RJ) produced by Africanized honeybees and European honeybees (Apis mellifera) haven been analyzed in detail and compared using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and the N-terminal amino acid sequence of each spot has been determined. Most spots were assigned to major royal jelly proteins (MRJPs). Remarkable differences were found in the heterogeneity of the MRJPs, in particular MRJP3, in terms of molecular weights and isoelectric points between the two species of RJ. Furthermore, during the determination of the N-terminal amino acid sequence of each spot, for the first time, MRJP4 protein has been identified, the existence of which had been only implied by cloning of its cDNA sequence. The presence of heterogeneous bands of glucose oxidase was also identified. Thus, the results suggest that two-dimensional gel electrophoresis provides a suitable method for the qualitative analysis of the proteins contained in RJ derived from different honeybee species.
Simple electroabsorption model for silicongermanium/germanium quantum well devices (2010)

We present a simple model for the electroabsorption spectrum of germanium-based quantum wells, which can be used to optimize material design for modulators. The model gives very good agreement with our new experimental data.
Recurrent myocardial infarction: Mechanisms of free-floating adaptation and autonomic derangement in networked cardiac neural control (2017)

The cardiac nervous system continuously controls cardiac function whether or not pathology is present. While myocardial infarction typically has a major and catastrophic impact, population studies have shown that longer-term risk for recurrent myocardial infarction and the related potential for sudden cardiac death depends mainly upon standard atherosclerotic variables and autonomic nervous system maladaptations. Investigative neurocardiology has demonstrated that autonomic control of cardiac function includes local circuit neurons for networked control within the peripheral nervous system. The structural and adaptive characteristics of such networked interactions define the dynamics and a new normal for cardiac control that results in the aftermath of recurrent myocardial infarction and/or unstable angina that may or may not precipitate autonomic derangement. These features are explored here via a mathematical model of cardiac regulation. A main observation is that the control environment during pathology is an extrapolation to a setting outside prior experience. Although global bounds guarantee stability, the resulting closed-loop dynamics exhibited while the network adapts during pathology are aptly described as 'free-floating' in order to emphasize their dependence upon details of the network structure. The totality of the results provide a mechanistic reasoning that validates the clinical practice of reducing sympathetic efferent neuronal tone while aggressively targeting autonomic derangement in the treatment of ischemic heart disease.
Creating vortex retarders using photoaligned liquid crystal polymers (2008)

We present developments using photoaligned liquid crystal polymers for creating vortex retarders, half-wave retarders with a continuously variable fast axis. Polarization properties of components designed to create different polarization vortex modes are presented. We assess the viability of these components by using the theoretical and experimental point spread functions in Mueller matrix format, or a point spread matrix (PSM). The measured PSM of these components in an optical system is very close to the theoretically predicted values, thus showing that these components should provide excellent performance in applications utilizing polarized optical vortices.