gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multiple sclerosis functional composite: impact of reference population and interpretation of changes (2002)

The Multiple sclerosis functional composite (MSFC) has been recommended as a clinical outcome measure to be used in future MS trials. A specific characteristic of the MSFC is that it is defined as a measure of impairment relative to a reference population. Using different reference populations affects actual MSFC scores. If the selection of a reference population also has an effect on sensitivity to change of the MSFC, comparison of data from clinical trials will be almost impossible when different reference populations are used We studied the effect of the selection of a reference population on the outcome of a trial by simulating 343 intervention trials and comparing results obtained by using three different reference populations: two previously published MS patient populations and a healthy population. Scores of the healthy population were collected in the first part of the study. The effects of sex, age and education level on test scores of healthy subjects were studied as well. In the healthy controls, sex, age and education level had a different impact on individual test scores of MSFC components and overall MSFC score. Our study shows that, with the use of the MSFC, the selection of different reference populations does not affect the trial statistics and significance, but it does affect comparability of results between different trials, and complicates the dinical interpretation of any observed change.
Nonlinear microscopy using cylindrical vector beams: Applications to three-dimensional imaging of nanostructures (2017)

The three-dimensional (3D) optical fields that arise from the focusing of cylindrical vector beams (CVB) with radial and azimuthal polarizations provide new sources of contrast for optical microscopy of nano-objects. So far, these demonstrations have been restricted to two-dimensional transversal scanning, i.e., along the focal plane of interest, or use of point-like objects, i.e., single molecules and nanoparticles. Here, we demonstrate the first application of CVBs for 3D imaging of 3D nano-objects. This technique is done by acquiring 3D image scans of the second-harmonic generation signal from vertically-aligned semiconductor nanowires, whose second-order response is primarily driven by the longitudinal electric field, i.e., the field component along the nanowire axis. Our technique provides a new way to study individual nano-objects in three dimensions through the unique combination of nonlinear microscopy and CVBs.
Visual Transformers: Where Do Transformers Really Belong in Vision Models? (2021)

A recent trend in computer vision is to replace convolutions with transformers. However, the performance gain of transformers is attained at a steep cost, requiring GPU years and hundreds of millions of samples for training. This excessive resource usage compensates for a misuse of transformers: Transformers densely model relationships between its inputs - ideal for late stages of a neural network, when concepts are sparse and spatially-distant, but extremely inefficient for early stages of a network, when patterns are redundant and localized. To address these issues, we leverage the respective strengths of both operations, building convolution-transformer hybrids. Critically, in sharp contrast to pixel-space transformers, our Visual Transformer (VT) operates in a semantic token space, judiciously attending to different image parts based on context. Our VTs significantly outperforms baselines: On ImageNet, our VT-ResNets outperform convolution-only ResNet by 4.6 to 7 points and transformer-only ViT-B by 2.6 points with 2.5× fewer FLOPs, 2.1× fewer parameters. For semantic segmentation on LIP and COCO-stuff, VT-based feature pyramid networks (FPN) achieve 0.35 points higher mIoU while reducing the FPN module’s FLOPs by 6.5x.
OTX2 signals from the choroid plexus to regulate adult neurogenesis (2018)

Abstract Proliferation and migration during adult neurogenesis are regulated by a microenvironment of signaling molecules originating from local vasculature, from cerebrospinal fluid produced by the choroid plexus, and from local supporting cells including astrocytes. Here, we focus on the function of OTX2 homeoprotein transcription factor in the mouse adult ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) which generates olfactory bulb neurons. We find that OTX2 secreted by choroid plexus is transferred to supporting cells of the V-SVZ and rostral migratory stream. Deletion of Otx2 in choroid plexus affects neuroblast migration and reduces the number of olfactory bulb newborn neurons. Adult neurogenesis was also decreased by expressing secreted single-chain antibodies to sequester OTX2 in the cerebrospinal fluid, demonstrating the importance of non-cell autonomous OTX2. We show that OTX2 activity modifies extracellular matrix components and signaling molecules produced by supporting astrocytes. Thus, we reveal a multi-level and non-cell autonomous role of a homeoprotein and reinforce the choroid plexus and astrocytes as key niche compartments affecting adult neurogenesis. Significance Statement Cerebrospinal fluid, local vasculature and non-neurogenic astrocytes are niche compartments that provide a microenvironment for regulating adult mouse neurogenesis. We show that OTX2 homeoprotein secreted by choroid plexus into the cerebrospinal fluid is transferred into non-neurogenic astrocytes of the ventricular-subventricular zone and rostral migratory stream where it regulates extracellular matrix and signaling factors. This non-cell-autonomous activity impacts the number of newborn neurons that integrate the olfactory bulb. Thus, we reveal a multi-level role for OTX2 and reinforce the choroid plexus as a key niche compartment affecting adult neurogenesis.
Random-Like Interconnects, Fault Tolerance and Grain-Size Studies for Optoelectronic Computing (1992)

Abstract : Our objective during the funding period, July 1, 1989 to September 15, 1992, was to investigate random like interconnects, fault tolerance, and grain size studies for optoelectronic parallel processors. The major focus has been in the design and analysis of parallel optoelectronic interconnection networks. Two major areas were identified and researched. The first involves the design, analysis, and simulation of perfect shuffle-based optoelectronic multistage interconnection interconnection networks(MINs) for highly parallel computers. The objective was first to perform a quantitative performance comparison-between optoelectronic and VLSI implementations of multistage interconnection networks (MINs). The next task was to optimize the optoelectronic MIN with respect to architectural and technological parameters. The final goal was to design and simulate a MIN system that could provide a complete set of communication and synchronization services.
Bayesian spatial interpolation as an emerging cognitive radio application for coverage analysis in cellular networks (2013)

ABSTRACT Coverage prediction is one of the most important aspects of cellular network optimisation for mobile operators due to the highly competitive market conditions and the obligations towards the regulatory authorities. Although wireless communications research is considerably diversifying, including new areas, problems and concepts with a notable pace, cellular coverage still remains as a core subject of research for operators because of the obligation to adapt to the continuously evolving wireless ecosystem, with new radio access technologies/architectures, emerging applications and innovative cellular concepts. This paper presents the application of a powerful mathematical tool coming from spatial statistics, Bayesian kriging, to construct a radio environment map (REM) for the purpose of cellular coverage prediction as an emerging application of cognitive radio techniques in cellular networks. The proposed approach provides an efficient alternative to the conventional manual coverage prediction on the basis of drive tests, which are expensive, polluting and slow solutions for obtaining the ‘ground‐truth’ information. Bayesian kriging‐based REMs allow to estimate the coverage situation in those regions where the operator lacks direct information. Our approach can be directly used by operators for the cellular network coverage optimisation. We evaluate the accuracy of the proposed REM construction approach for a long term evolution network with two mesh sizes using highly realistic data sets. Results show that the Bayesian kriging interpolation technique has a good accuracy for cellular coverage prediction, and this accuracy is directly related with the mesh size. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
The use of ultrastable Y zeolites in the Ferrier rearrangement of acetylated and benzylated glycals (2010)

The Ferrier rearrangement of a selection of protected glycals was successfully performed using a commercially available H-USY zeolite CBV-720 as catalyst, selected after screening a range of similar catalysts. By incorporating either alcohols, thiophenol, trimethylsilyl azide or allyltrimethylsilane in the reaction it was shown that a range of O-, S-, N- and C-glycosides could be formed. With benzylated glucal and galactal in particular, use of the CBV-720 catalyst led to significantly higher yields of the 2,3-dehydroglycosides than previously reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Orientation Control over Bent‐core Smectic Liquid Crystal Phases (2014)

Abstract Review: 84 refs.
Expanding Locally Sourced Beef in Northern Ontario through the Co-operative Model (2012)

The finding of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in cattle in 2003 and the closure of the US border to Canadian beef, resulted in a financial crisis for Northern Ontario farmers. Fighting for their survival, many farmers turned to local markets and co-operative businesses that add value to their beef products. These enterprises face significant challenges in expanding their operations to coordinate a value chain that effectively meets the needs of member farmers. Critics of the local food movement suggest that local food needs to scale up to capitalize on momentum and broaden accessibility. This critique does not reflect the reality of Northern Ontario value chains since the lack of markets, inadequate infrastructure, and unresponsive regulations limit the sector. Co-operative approaches can support regional agricultural economies experiencing crises sparked by globalization through strengthening stakeholders within the value chain. Further, policies supporting small abattoirs and co-operatives for Northern regions are particularly urgent.
Laser Induced Fluorescence Of Human Colon Tissue (2005)

In this paper we have undertaken a comprehensive study of the spectroscopic properties of normal and adenomatous human colon. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether fluorescence spectroscopy can be utilized to distinguish colonic dysplasia and normal colon tissue. After a survey of excitation wavelengths from 250 to 550 nm (every 10nm), 370nm was chosen as an optimal wavelength for differentiating these tissue types. Fluorescence microscopy, microspectrofluorimetry, and laser induced fluorescence studies were carried out at this wavelength in order to interpret and understand the fluorescence spectra.
8006-I, an antibiotic from Amblyosporium spongiosum (Pers.) Hughes sensu Pirozynski. I. Taxonomy, fermentation, isolation and physico-chemical properties. (1982)

A strain of Amblyosporium spongiosum (Pers.) Hughes sensu Pirozynski, HA 8006 isolated from an infected Lactarius deliciosus was found to produce two antibiotics, 8006-I and 8006-II. The same compounds could be isolated from cultures of several strains of the genus Amblyosporium obtained from the Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures. The highest yields of 8006-I (80 mg/liter culture) were obtained from the mycelium of strain HA 8006. Antibiotic 8006-I is unstable in the presence of light or oxygen and has a carotenoid structure.
An Investigation into Momentum and Temperature Fields of a Meso-Scale Slot Synthetic Jet for a Small Jet-to-Surface Spacing (2014)

Impinging synthetic jets have been identified as a promising technology for cooling miniature structures. Recognizing their thermal performance on the target surface requires a fundamental understanding of the momentum field produced by the pulsating coolant flow which is dependent on the distance between the nozzle exit and the wall. It was earlier reported that the cooling performance of a synthetic jet is highly sensitive to this distance, i.e. as the nozzle-to-plate distance is reduced the jet performance degrades, however the fundamental mechanism for this behavior has not been well-understood. Therefore, a computational study is performed to investigate the flow and thermal fields of a meso-scale slot synthetic jet for a small jet-to-surface spacing of H/Dh = 2. Spatial discretization is implemented via a second order upwind scheme and a second-order implicit scheme is used for temporal discretization to ensure stability. The results show that the pulsating flow at the nozzle exit generates vortices and these vortices seem to have effect on the target surface profiles before they get dissipated. Mean surface profiles are also determined and their applicability at various frequencies is discussed.
Soundbridge -Implantation bei Patienten mit kombinierter oder Schallleitungsschwerhörigkeit: Einfluss der FMT-Zielstruktur auf das postoperative Sprachverstehen und den effektiven Hörgewinn (2021)

Einleitung Bei Patienten mit Schallleitungs- oder kombinierter Schwerhörigkeit nach mehrfacher Tympanoplastik und schlechten Belüftungsverhältnissen sowie bei Missbildungen verläuft die Versorgung mit einem konventionellen Hörsystem aufgrund des hohen Hörschwellenverlustes häufig unbefriedigend. Aus audiologischer Sicht bietet sich bei Patienten mit gering- bis mittelgradiger Innenohrkomponente die Versorgung mit einer Vibrant Soundbridge (VSB) an.
Lateral grating DFB AlGaInN laser diodes for optical communications and atomic clocks. (2017)

AlGaInN laser diode technology is of considerable interest for telecom applications and next generation atomic optical clocks based on Sr (by using 422nm &amp;amp; 461nm) and Rb at 420.2nm.Very narrow linewidths (&amp;lt;1MHz) are required for such applications. We report lateral gratings on AlGaInN ridge waveguide laser diodes to achieve a single wavelength device with a good side mode suppression ratio (SMSR) that is suitable for atomic clock and telecom applications.
CD46 Protects against Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (2011)

These data suggest that higher expression of CD46 in the lungs of ex-smoker protects them from emphysema and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by clearing the inflammation impeding the proliferation of CD8(+) T cells and necrosis, achieved by production of T regulatory cells and degradation of C3b; restraining the complement cascade favors apoptosis over necrosis, protecting them from autoimmunity and chronic inflammation.
Study on the Catalytic Activity of Noble Metal Nanoparticles on Reduced Graphene Oxide for Oxygen Evolution Reactions in Lithium–Air Batteries (2015)

Among many challenges present in Li-air batteries, one of the main reasons of low efficiency is the high charge overpotential due to the slow oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Here, we present systematic evaluation of Pt, Pd, and Ru nanoparticles supported on rGO as OER electrocatalysts in Li-air cell cathodes with LiCF3SO3-tetra(ethylene glycol) dimethyl ether (TEGDME) salt-electrolyte system. All of the noble metals explored could lower the charge overpotentials, and among them, Ru-rGO hybrids exhibited the most stable cycling performance and the lowest charge overpotentials. Role of Ru nanoparticles in boosting oxidation kinetics of the discharge products were investigated. Apparent behavior of Ru nanoparticles was different from the conventional electrocatalysts that lower activation barrier through electron transfer, because the major contribution of Ru nanoparticles in lowering charge overpotential is to control the nature of the discharge products. Ru nanoparticles facilitated thin film-like or nanoparticulate Li2O2 formation during oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), which decomposes at lower potentials during charge, although the conventional role as electrocatalysts during OER cannot be ruled out. Pt-and Pd-rGO hybrids showed fluctuating potential profiles during the cycling. Although Pt- and Pd-rGO decomposed the electrolyte after electrochemical cycling, no electrolyte instability was observed with Ru-rGO hybrids. This study provides the possibility of screening selective electrocatalysts for Li-air cells while maintaining electrolyte stability.
Biological effectiveness of the drug Esfon use for tomatoes (2023)

Tomatoes play a leading role in providing the population of Russia with vegetable products, which is due to their high productivity, good taste properties, diverse use, ability to cultivate in open and closed ground, and, consequently, to consume them all year round. Based on the fact that the consumption of tomatoes is growing every year, the main task is to increase the yield and quality of fruits. One of the ways to solve this problem is, according to research data, four-fold treatment of tomato plants in the phase of milk ripeness with Esfon at a dose of 1.0l/ ha, which is due to obtaining a high yield of good quality fruits (6,204 kg/m 2 , in the control - 5,108 kg/m 2 , HCR 05 = 0.250 kg/m 2 ) and a reduction in the maturation period, in comparison with the control, is 14 days.
Cable suspended robots: design, planning and control (2003)

Cable-suspended robots are structurally similar to parallel actuated robots, but with the fundamental difference that cables can only pull the end-effector but not push it. This feature makes the design, planning and control of cable-suspended robots a lot more challenging compared to their counterparts - parallel-actuated robots. This paper describes the kinematic and dynamic models, work-space, trajectory planning, and feedback controllers for these robots. These results are demonstrated through simulation and experiments on a six degree-of-freedom cable suspended robot.
The compact hyperspectral prism spectrometer for sustainable land imaging: enhancing capabilities for land remote sensing (2019)

Space imagery provides a unique resource for addressing environmental challenges associated with land cover change, land use, disaster relief, deforestation, regional planning and global change research. At Ball Aerospace, we are developing the Compact Hyperspectral Prism Spectrometer (CHPS) as a candidate imaging spectrometer technology for insertion into future Sustainable Land Imaging missions. The 2013 NRC report Landsat and Beyond: Sustaining and Enhancing the Nations Land Imaging Program recommended that the nation should “maintain a sustained, space-based, land-imaging program, while ensuring the continuity of 42-years of multispectral information.” In support of this, NASA’s Sustainable Land Imaging-Technology (SLI-T) program aims to develop technology for a new generation of smaller, more capable, less costly payloads that meet or exceed current Landsat imaging capabilities. CHPS is designed to meet these objectives, providing high-fidelity visible-to-shortwave spectroscopic information. CHPS supports continuity of legacy Landsat data products, but also, provides a path to enhanced capabilities in support of land, inland waters, and coastal waters science. CHPS features full aperture full optical path calibration, extremely low straylight, and low polarization sensitivity; all crucial performance parameters for achieving the demanding SLI measurement objectives. In support of our space-borne instrument development, we have developed an airborne instrument to provide representative spectroscopic data and data products. Now in the final year of this 3-year development program, we have completed our initial engineering airborne flights and are beginning science flights. We present initial results from laboratory characterization and calibration and from our engineering flights and close with an overview of instrument performance.
High-Performance Chipless Radio-Frequency Identification Tags: Using a slow-wave Approach for miniaturized structure (2019)

In this article, we introduce a novel planar chipless radiofrequency identification (RFID) tag. The tag is composed of multiple miniaturized reflecting resonators based on a slow-wave structure. To validate the proposed approach, a tag with a coding capacity of 16 b was designed with a compact size of 15 × 21 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . Tags with different pattern configurations were fabricated using a Rogers RO4003 substrate, and their radar cross-section (RCS) responses were measured. Compared to conventional multiresonator tags, the proposed tag offers a good miniaturization ratio and spectral coding efficiency. In addition, the measurements revealed a high quality factor (Q-factor) and coding robustness, which demonstrates the efficiency of the used approach to develop high-performance chipless tags.
International conference on metallurgical coatings and thin films (1991)

Variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry was used to estimate the thicknesses of all layers within the optical penetration depth of InGaAs based MODFET structures. Strained and unstrained InGaAs channels were made by MBE on InP substrates and by MOCVD on GaAs substrates. In most cases, ellipsometrically determined thicknesses were within 10 percent of the growth calibration results. The MBE made InGaAs strained layers showed large strain effects, indicating a probable shift in the critical points of their dielectric function toward the InP lattice matched concentration.
Full characterization of the maculopathy associated with an Arg-172-Trp mutation in the RDS/peripherin gene (1996)

The objective of this study was to fully characterize the macular dystrophy phenotype and genotype in a large family of the Zermatt area of Switzerland. Clinical and molecular studies of the family included a comprehensive eye examination and a mutational analysis of the RDS, rhodopsin, and TIMP-3 genes. In selected cases, fluorescein angiography, perimetry, and electroretinography were performed. Forty-two family members at risk of expressing the maculopathy were studied. Of these, 24 were found to be clinically affected. The severity of macular disease in these patients was clearly age-related and different stages of progression were identified. Central pigmentary alterations were seen in adolescent patients, while patients in their late teens and twenties exhibited drusen-like deposits. Later, these defects formed focal areas of atrophy which eventually led to central geographic atrophy with severe visual loss by the fifth decade and cone-rod dysfunction. The transmission of this condition is autosomal dominant with complete penetrance. The underlying genetic defect is a mutation in codon 172 of the RDS/peripherin gene, a gene expressed in both rods and cones, which results in the substitution of tryptophan for an arginine residue at that position. 'Zermatt macular dystrophy' is a dominant, age-related, progressive macular dystrophy which in later stages resembles atrophic age-related macular degeneration. The size of the family studied allowed definition of the clinical spectrum of this condition and identification of the related genetic defect which allows more precise diagnosis and counseling.