gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of Nitric Oxide in Mediating Retinal Blood Flow Regulation in Cats (1999)

The role of nitric oxide (NO) was evaluated in mediating control of retinal blood flow in the anesthetized cat. This was done under resting conditions and as a function of decreases in perfusion pressure. The retinal blood flow was calculated by measuring blood velocity with laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) and retinal blood vessel diameter with image analysis. Graded decreases in perfusion pressure were obtained by increasing intraocular pressure (IOP). Following intravenous administration of 30 mg/kg NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), an NO synthase inhibitor, the arterial blood pressure increased under resting conditions by 34+/-3% (n = 7), the blood vessel diameter decreased by 18+/-2%, and retinal blood flow significantly declined by 27+/-6% (n = 6). Irrespective of the presence or absence of L-NAME (30 mg/kg), stepwise reductions in perfusion pressure that reached a level that was 35% of the baseline value had no significant effect on retinal blood flow. These results suggest that, under resting conditions, retinal blood flow decreases in response to a putative fall in NO levels. However, NO does not appear to be involved in mediating the autoregulatory response to a decrease in perfusion pressure.
Fast Introduction to Quantum Computers (2022)

Abstract There exists a theoretical set of problems that could be solved in polynomial time with a quantum computer. Hence, quantum computing carries the potential to solve such problems much faster than a traditional supercomputer can. In this article, we provide intuition about quantum computing to the readers and walk them through the basics including what qubits are, what types of qubits there are, how they can be operated on, what are important about qubit characteristics, what the quantum circuits and architectures look like, and what the future of quantum circuits looks like. We only briefly mention about our original work on how to improve a qubit. This article is a tutorial in nature and those with no quantum background should be able to follow it.
Data from Identification of a Novel Tumor Suppressor Gene <i>p34</i> on Human Chromosome 6q25.1 (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;In this study, we observed loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in human chromosomal fragment 6q25.1 in sporadic lung cancer patients. LOH was observed in 65% of the 26 lung tumors examined and was narrowed down to a 2.2-Mb region. Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis of genes located within this region identified a candidate gene, termed &lt;i&gt;p34&lt;/i&gt;. This gene, also designated as ZC3H12D, C6orf95, FLJ46041, or dJ281H8.1, carries an A/G nonsynonymous SNP at codon 106, which alters the amino acid from lysine to arginine. Nearly 73% of heterozygous lung cancer tissues with LOH and the A/G SNP also exhibited loss of the A allele. &lt;i&gt;In vitro&lt;/i&gt; clonogenic and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; nude mouse studies showed that overexpression of the A allele exerts tumor suppressor function compared with the G allele. p34 is located within a recently mapped human lung cancer susceptibility locus, and association of the p34 A/G SNP was tested among these families. No significant association between the less frequent G allele and lung cancer susceptibility was found. Our results suggest that &lt;i&gt;p34&lt;/i&gt; may be a novel tumor suppressor gene involved in sporadic lung cancer but it seems not to be the candidate familial lung cancer susceptibility gene linked to chromosomal region 6q23-25. [Cancer Res 2007;67(1):93–9]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Online learning and adaptation of network hypervisor performance models (2017)

Software Defined Networking (SDN) paved the way for a logically centralized entity, the SDN controller, to excerpt near real-time control over the forwarding state of a network. Network hypervisors are an in-between layer to allow multiple SDN controllers to share this control by slicing the network and giving each controller the power over a part of the network. This makes network hypervisors a critical component in terms of reliability and performance. At the same time, compute virtualization is ubiquitous and may not guarantee statically assigned resources to the network hypervisors. It is therefore important to understand the performance of network hypervisors in environments with varying compute resources. In this paper we propose an online machine learning pipeline to synthesize a performance model of a running hypervisor instance in the face of varying resources. The performance model allows precise estimations of the current capacity in terms of control message throughput without time-intensive offline benchmarks. We evaluate the pipeline in a virtual testbed with a popular network hypervisor implementation. The results show that the proposed pipeline is able to estimate the capacity of a hypervisor instance with a low error and furthermore is able to quickly detect and adapt to a change in available resources. By exploring the parameter space of the learning pipeline, we discuss its characteristics in terms of estimation accuracy and convergence time for different parameter choices and use cases. Although we evaluate the approach with network hypervisors, our work can be generalized to other latency-sensitive applications with similar characteristics and requirements as network hypervisors.
Supramolecular Complexation and Enantiodifferentiating Photocyclodimerization of 2-Anthracenecarboxylic Acid with 4-Aminoprolinol Derivatives as Chiral Hydrogen-Bonding Templates (2009)

The photochirogenesis of 2-anthracenecarboxylic acid (AC) complexed to a hydrogen-bonding template (TKS159) was investigated to obtain mechanistic information on how chirogenesis is achieved for the dimerization of AC. Complexation of AC to TKS159 leads to the shielding of one of the two surfaces of the prochiral AC molecule. The two diastereomeric AC-TKS complexes, i.e., re-AC-TKS and si-AC-TKS, were characterized by changes in the UV-vis, fluorescence, and circular dichroism spectra and excited-state lifetimes. The ee is not simply determined by the diastereomeric ratio of the re- and si-AC-TKS complexes but also depends on the relative lifetimes of the diastereomeric complexes. The relative population of the re and si complexes was calculated from the enantiomeric excess (ee) for the products, taking into account the relative lifetimes of the two complexes. These studies established a protocol that can be used to reveal the mechanism for photochirogenesis by investigating the ground state and the excited state behavior of supramolecular systems.
The first step in vision occurs in femtoseconds: complete blue and red spectral studies. (1993)

Femtosecond transient absorption measurements of the cis-trans isomerization of the visual pigment rhodopsin clarify the interpretation of the dynamics of the first step in vision. We present femtosecond time-resolved spectra as well as kinetic measurements at specific wavelengths between 490 and 670 nm using 10-fs probe pulses centered at 500 and 620 nm following a 35-fs pump pulse at 500 nm. The expanded spectral window beyond that available (500-570 nm) in our previous study [Schoenlein, R. W., Peteanu, L. A., Mathies, R. A. & Shank, C. V. (1991) Science 254, 412-415] provides the full differential absorption spectrum of the photoproduct as a function of delay time after photolysis. The high time-resolution data presented here contradict an alternative interpretation of the rhodopsin photochemistry offered by Callender and co-workers [Yan, M., Manor, D., Weng, G., Chao, H., Rothberg, L., Jedju, T. M., Alfano, R. R. & Callender, R. H. (1991) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88, 9809-9812]. Our results confirm that the red-shifted (lambda max approximately 570 nm) photo-product of the isomerization reaction is fully formed within 200 fs. Subsequent changes in the differential spectra between 200 fs and 6 ps are attributed to a combination of dynamic ground-state processes such as intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution, vibrational cooling, and conformational relaxation.
Regulatory T Cells: Regulation of Identity and Function (2021)

T regulatory cells suppress a variety of immune responses to self-antigens and play a role in peripheral tolerance maintenance by limiting autoimmune disorders, and other pathological immune responses such as limiting immune reactivity to oncoprotein encoded antigens. Forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) expression is required for Treg stability and affects functional activity. Mutations in the master regulator FOXP3 and related components have been linked to autoimmune diseases in humans, such as IPEX, and a scurfy-like phenotype in mice. Several lines of evidence indicate that Treg use a variety of immunosuppressive mechanisms to limit an immune response by targeting effector cells, including secretion of immunoregulatory cytokines, granzyme/perforin-mediated cell cytolysis, metabolic perturbation, directing the maturation and function of antigen-presenting cells (APC) and secretion of extracellular vesicles for the development of immunological tolerance. In this review, several regulatory mechanisms have been highlighted and discussed.
Pharmacokinetics of (-)-beta- D -Dioxolane Guanine and Prodrug (-)-beta- D -2,6-Diaminopurine Dioxolane in Rats and Monkeys (1999)

(-)-beta-D-Dioxolane guanine (DXG) is a nucleoside analog possessing potent activity against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and type 2 (HIV-2), and hepatitis B virus (HBV) in vitro. Owing to the limited aqueous solubility of DXG, (-)-beta-D-2,6-diaminopurine dioxolane (DAPD), a more water-soluble prodrug of DXG, is being developed for clinical use. The purpose of this study was to characterize the pharmacokinetics of DXG after administration of DXG and DAPD to rats and monkeys. After intravenous administration of DXG, plasma concentrations of the nucleoside declined in a biexponential manner, with a terminal-phase half-life of 0.44 +/- 0.14 hr (mean +/- SD) in rats and 2.3 hr in monkeys. Total clearance of DXG was 4.28 +/- 0.99 liters/hr/kg in rats and 0.72 liters/hr/kg in monkeys. Renal excretion of unchanged DXG accounted for approximately 50% of total clearance in both species. Steady state volume of distribution of DXG was 2.30 liters/kg in rats and 1.19 liters/kg in monkeys. After intravenous administration of DAPD to rats, prodrug concentrations declined with a half-life of 0.37 +/- 0.11 hr. DXG was rapidly generated from DAPD, with approximately 61% of the dose of DAPD being converted to DXG. After administration of DAPD to monkeys, only concentrations of metabolite DXG could be determined owing to rapid conversion of DAPD to DXG during sample collection. The half-lives of DAPD and DXG after intravenous administration determined from urinary excretion data were 0.8 +/- 0.4 and 1.6 +/- 0.2 hr, respectively. Oral bioavailability of DAPD was estimated to be approximately 30%.
Distinct cDC subsets co-operate in CD40 agonist response while suppressive microenvironments and lack of antigens subvert efficacy (2021)

ABSTRACT Agonistic αCD40 therapy has shown to inhibit cancer progression, but only in a fraction of patients. Hence, understanding the cancer cell-intrinsic and microenvironmental determinants of αCD40 therapy response is crucial to identify responsive patient populations and design efficient combination treatments. Here, we showed that the therapeutic efficacy of αCD40 in responder melanoma tumours, relied on pre-existing cDC1-primed CD8 + T cells, however cDC1s were dispensable after αCD40 administration. Surprisingly, in response to αCD40 the abundance of activated cDCs, potentially derived from cDC2s increased, thereby further activating antitumour CD8 + T cells. Hence, distinct cDC subsets are required to induce αCD40 responses. By contrast, lung tumours, characterised by a high abundance of macrophages, were resistant to αCD40 therapy. Combining αCD40 therapy with macrophage depletion led to tumour growth inhibition only in the presence of strong neoantigens. Accordingly, treatment with immunogenic cell-death inducing chemotherapy sensitised non-immunogenic tumours to αCD40 therapy.
Template Polymerization (2016)

In the past, aggregation and self-assembly have been associated principally with micellar and colloidal systems of molecules; however, with the advent of supramolecular chemistry, molecular self-assembly has been opened to a much wider understanding that has facilitated access to a variety of different shapes and sizes, along with the construction of new and fascinating molecular topologies. This document aims at defining more than 150 terms related to aggregation and self-assembly in the particular case of macromolecules. The list is restricted to the most commonly encountered terms.
Polyphenols in Alcoholic Beverages Activating Constitutive Androstane Receptor CAR (2011)

The constitutive androstane receptor CAR is a xenosensing nuclear receptor that can be activated by natural polyphenols such as flavonoids and catechins. We examined alcoholic beverage phytochemicals for their ability to activate CAR. HepG2 cells were transfected with CAR expression vector and its reporter gene, and then treated with trans-resveratrol, ellagic acid, β-caryophyllene, myrcene, and xanthohumol. A luciferase assay revealed that ellagic acid and trans-resveratrol activated both human and mouse CAR. Since CAR regulates many genes involved in energy metabolism, the possibility exists that these polyphenols would reduce the risk of certain alcohol-induced metabolic disorders with the help of CAR.
Comparative Effects of Bone Morphogenetic Proteins and Sox9 Overexpression on Matrix Accumulation by Bovine Anulus Fibrosus Cells (2007)

In Brief Study Design. An in vitro biologic study comparing the effects of a series of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and Sox9 on the extracellular matrix accumulation by bovine anulus fibrosus (AF) cells. Objective. To compare the effects of adenoviral-mediated overexpression of various BMPs and Sox9 on extracellular matrix accumulation by AF cells in vitro. Summary of Background Data. Repair of the disrupted AF, which is perceived to be a potential therapy to diminish nucleus pulposus (NP) herniation, may also offer a treatment strategy for severe symptomatic degenerative disc disease. To date, no systematic comparison of a large group of growth factors in the AF has been published. In this study, we compared the effects of the adenoviral-mediated overexpression of 12 BMPs and Sox9 on extracellular matrix production by AF cells. Methods. Adult monolayer-cultured bovine AF cells were transduced with adenoviral vectors containing human BMP and green fluorescence protein (GFP) genes (AdBMPs), or Sox9 and GFP genes (AdSox9), or GFP gene alone (AdGFP, as negative control). Proteoglycan and collagen accumulation, and cell proliferation were measured for each of the treatment groups 6 days after viral transduction. Results. AF cells transduced with BMP-2, -3, -5, -7, -8, -12, -13, -14, and -15, and Sox9 accumulated significantly more collagen than AF cells transduced with AdGFP (control). AF cells transduced with AdBMP-2, -4, -7, -10, -12, and -13, and AdSox9 accumulated significantly more proteoglycans than AF cells transduced with AdGFP. Conclusion. We have demonstrated the relative effectiveness of 12 different BMPs and Sox9 on the stimulation of proteoglycan and/or collagen accumulation by AF cells. This study is the first to compare the relative effectiveness of various BMPs and Sox9 on extracellular matrix accumulation by AF. This information should prove useful to those seeking to develop a strategy for repair of the AF in humans. Repair of the disrupted anulus fibrosus may offer a treatment strategy for degenerative disc disease. This study, the first to compare the effects of the adenoviral-mediated overexpression of 12 BMPs and Sox9 on extracellular matrix production by AF cells, should provide useful information for anular repair.
HOIL-1, an atypical E3 ligase that controls MyD88 signalling by forming ester bonds between ubiquitin and components of the Myddosome (2019)

Components of bacteria and viruses activate Toll-Like Receptors in host cells, triggering the formation of the Myddosome and a signalling network that culminates in the production and release of the inflammatory mediators required to combat pathogenic infection. The Myddosome initiates signalling by recruiting and activating five E3 ligases that generate hybrid ubiquitin chains and attach them to components of the Myddosome. These ubiquitin chains act as a scaffold for the recruitment and activation of ubiquitin-binding proteins, which include the "master" protein kinases TAK1 and IKKβ that drive inflammatory mediator production, as well as other proteins like ABIN1 and A20 that restrict activation of the network to prevent the overproduction of these substances that can lead to autoimmunity and organ damage. Here we review recent developments in our understanding of this network, focusing on the unexpected discovery that the E3 ligase HOIL-1 initiates the formation of hybrid ubiquitin chains by forming an ester bond between the first ubiquitin and the protein components of the Myddosome.
Cure reaction for modified diallylbisphenol A/diaminodiphenylsulfone/bismaleimide (2002)

Abstract The glass‐transition temperature as a function of curing conversion for a modified diallylbisphenol A/diaminodiphenylsulfone/bismaleimide (BMI) resin was investigated at different temperature regimes and modeled using a modified Di Benedetto equation. Although the relationship between the glass‐transition temperature and conversion of the BMI system conforms to the Di Benedetto equation for α &lt; 0.6 and at lower cure temperatures, at higher cure temperatures the results deviated significantly from the equation; thus, it was an inadequate model for the system. Fourier transform IR analysis showed that the major crosslinking reactions did not occur during cure for the modified BMI at and below 150°C. However, as the cure temperature was increased, the crosslinking reactions responsible for 3‐dimensional network structures became more dominant. At 190°C the CNC stretch vibration of the uncured maleimide ring converted into succinimide rings in the curing process. Simultaneously, a decrease was observed for the absorbance bands of  CH bending (maleimide). The higher cure temperatures induced a significantly faster initial crosslinking rate and also resulted in a shorter period of time after which further crosslinking was retarded, because the increase in the crosslinks also physically slowed further crosslinking activity. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 227–235, 2002
Trial and Error Learning for Dynamic Distributed Channel Allocation in Random Medium (2021)

This paper considers the problem of fully distributed channel allocation in clustered wireless networks when the propagation medium is random. We extend here the existing Trial and Error (TE) framework developed in the deterministic case and for which strong convergence properties hold. We prove that using directly this solution in the random context leads to unsatisfactory solutions. Then we propose an adaptation of the original Trial and Error Learning (TEL) algorithm, called Robust TEL (RTEL), assuming that the random channel effects translate into a bounded stochastic disturbance of the utility function. The solution consists in introducing thresholds in the transitions of the TEL’s Finite State Controller (FSC). We prove that this new solution restores the good convergence property inherited from the TEL. Furthermore, we provide analysis of the stochastic utilities in the Rayleigh fading case in order to check the bounded assumption. Finally, we develop an online algorithm that dynamically estimates the optimal threshold values to adapt to the instantaneous disturbance. Numerical results corroborate our theoretical claims.
ChemInform Abstract: Mesostructured Metal Germanium Sulfides. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A digitally controlled linear regulator for per-core wide-range DVFS of atom™ cores in 14nm tri-gate CMOS featuring non-linear control, adaptive gain and code roaming (2017)

A digitally controlled LDO in 14nm tri-gate CMOS powering an Atom™ core with embedded power gates enables per-core DVFS over a wide voltage-frequency range. The LDO demonstrates 99.6% peak current efficiency at 2.5A load current and provides a power density of 26.1 W/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The multi-mode digital controller featuring non-linear mode and adaptive gain achieves <;20ns settling time with a 100mV droop for a 1.2A load step. A code roaming algorithm complements the feedback controller to successfully mitigate reliability issues from power gate transistor self-heating and electromigration.
3-D Formal Resolution of Maxwell Equations for the Computation of the No-Load Flux in an Axial Flux Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Machine (2011)

This paper presents a 3-D analytical model of an axial flux permanent-magnet synchronous machine, based on formal resolution of Maxwell equations. This method requires much less computation time than conventional 3-D finite elements, and is therefore suitable for optimization purposes. In a first part, the mathematical procedure used to compute the machine no-load flux is described in detail. This method is 3-D, and then takes into account the radial edge effects of the machine, as well as the curvature effects by a resolution in cylindrical coordinates. Moreover, the originality of this method lies in the fact that it is totally analytical. The obtained results are verified using 3-D finite elements, and compared with simpler analytical models of axial flux machines, taken from the literature. This work puts in evidence the advantages of the proposed model. In particular, it is shown that the radial edge effects are important for a correct estimation of the no-load flux. On the contrary, the curvature effects are a second-order phenomenon.
INDIRECT LEFT TURNS - THE MICHIGAN EXPERIENCE (2000)

Left turns at intersections have been a recurring problem, especially at suburban intersections. To simplify conflicts, indirect left/U-turns in advance or beyond intersections have been increasingly utilized. The Michigan Department of Transportation has provided U-turn channels on highways with wide-medians and prohibited all left-turns at signalized intersections for many decades. More recently Oakland County, Michigan has installed U turns on some of its arterials. This paper provides an overview and analysis of the Michigan U. It describes the origin, features and application of the concept, with a focus on the Detroit metropolitan area - including the more recent applications in Oakland County. It presents the reported safety and operational benefits, and community response. It compares capacities and service levels with those for more conventional facilities. The paper also gives a case study of Telegraph Road (US-24), a six-to-eight lane roadway carrying up to 100,000 vehicles per day. It describes the signal coordination, traffic flow, and travel times/speeds as well as safety. It also describes the Livernois Road Experience in Oakland County. Finally, the paper describes the access management implications, and the opportunities for application elsewhere.