gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phosphorylation of human and bovine prothymosin .alpha. in vivo (1993)

Prothymosin alpha is post-translationally modified. When human myeloma cells were metabolically labeled with [32P]orthophosphoric acid, they synthesized [32P]prothymosin alpha. The incorporated radioactivity was resistant to DNase and RNases A, T1, and T2, but could be completely removed by alkaline phosphatase. No evidence was found for an RNA adduct as postulated by Vartapetian et al. [Vartapetian, A., Makarova, T., Koonin, E. V., Agol, V. I., & Bogdanov, A. (1988) FEBS Lett. 232, 35-38]. Thin-layer electrophoresis of partially hydrolyzed [32P]prothymosin alpha indicated that serine residues were phosphorylated. Analysis of peptides derived from bovine prothymosin alpha and human [32P]prothymosin alpha by treatment with endoproteinase Lys-C revealed that the amino-terminal 14-mer, with serine residues at positions 1, 8, and 9, was phosphorylated at a single position. Approximately 2% of the peptide in each case contained phosphate. Further digestion of the phosphopeptide with Asp-N followed by C18 reversed-phase column chromatography produced two peptides: a phosphate-free 9-mer containing amino acids 6-14 and a labeled peptide migrating slightly faster than the N-terminal 5-mer derived from the unmodified 14-mer. Positive identification of the phosphorylated amino acid was obtained by colliding the 14-residue phosphopeptide with helium in the mass spectrometer and finding phosphate only in a nested set of phosphorylated fragments composed of the first three, four, and five amino acids. The results prove that prothymosin alpha contains N-terminal acetylserine phosphate. In a synchronized population of human myeloma cells, phosphorylation occurred throughout the cell cycle. Furthermore, prothymosin alpha appeared to be stable, with a half-life slightly shorter than the generation time. Although prothymosin alpha is known to be essential for cell division, the constancy of both the amount of the protein and the degree of its phosphorylation suggests that prothymosin alpha does not directly govern mitosis.
Five-year results of the prospective, randomized, multicenter, Food and Drug Administration investigational device exemption study of the ProDisc-L total disc replacement versus circumferential arthrodesis for the treatment of single-level degenerative disc disease (2012)

Object The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term safety and effectiveness of the ProDisc-L total disc replacement (TDR) as part of an FDA-mandated postmarket approval study. This report summarizes the clinical findings after 5 years of follow-up. Methods Two hundred thirty-six patients were treated and followed up for 5 years; 161 TDRs and 75 fusions had been performed in these patients. The primary outcome was a 10-component success end point. Secondary outcome measures included neurological status, secondary surgery, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), visual analog scale (VAS) assessing pain and satisfaction, radiographic data, narcotic use, activity, and recreation status. Patients were monitored through their 5-year postoperative visits under the FDA postmarket surveillance provisions in the original investigational device exemption approval. Results The overall follow-up rate at 5 years was 81.8%. Study success demonstrated that TDR was noninferior to fusion with a 12.5% margin (p = 0.0099). Both TDR and fusion treatment groups maintained significant improvement on the ODI at 5 years compared with baseline (p &lt; 0.0001). Secondary surgeries at the index level were performed in 12% of fusion patients and 8% of TDR patients. Radiographically, none of the TDRs developed spontaneous fusion. The segmental range of motion following TDR remained within normal range, although it decreased by approximately 0.5° in years 3 to 5. The VAS pain scores decreased from preoperative values by 48% in both treatment groups at 5 years. Patient satisfaction remained high in both groups (77%), while the percentage of patients indicating that they would have the surgery again was higher in TDR patients (82.5%) than in fusion patients (68.0%). Conclusions Patients in both groups maintained significant improvement during the 5-year follow-up. The TDR group had significantly better improvement on some scales. Although TDR patients avoid the stiffness of fusion and are more satisfied than fusion patients, both fusion and TDR are reasonable surgical options in this specific patient population.
Comparison of thermographic, EEG and subjective measures of affective experience of designed stimuli. (2019)

This paper reports on work undertaken to establish the efficacy of Infrared Thermography (IRT) as an accurate, non-contact measurement tool for studying user experience during product interaction. IRT was compared with two other established methods of measuring changes of emotional state; Electroencephalogram (EEG) and Affective Self Report (ASR). Sixteen male undergraduate designers were given a cognitive task whilst simultaneous IRT and EEG measurements were made. ASR measures of Arousal and Valence were recorded along with an additional post test scale for Task Engagement. Using the Pearson product-moment correlation, a strong positive association was established between changes in forehead temperature and changes in total EEG activity between baseline and test condition. A negative correlation was established between EEG and some dimensions of affect. No correlation was observed between IRT and ASR measures for the sample, however, individual differences observed suggest that temperature dynamics may be associated with the intensity of affective state change.
Microreactors for Oxidations Using Fluorine. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synergistic anti-tumor effect of combined inhibition of EGFR and JAK/STAT3 pathways in human ovarian cancer (2015)

Our findings demonstrate that feedback activation of STAT3 pathway might contribute to the resistance to EGFR inhibition. Combined blockade of both pathways appears to be more effective against human ovarian cancer than inhibition of each pathway alone both in vitro and in vivo. This study may provide a strategy to improve clinical benefit of targeting EGFR pathway in ovarian cancer patients.
Solution Structure of Substrate-based Ligands When Bound to Hepatitis C Virus NS3 Protease Domain (1999)

The interactions of the NS3 protease domain with inhibitors that are based on N-terminal cleavage products of peptide substrates were studied by NMR methods. Transferred nuclear Overhauser effect experiments showed that these inhibitors bind the protease in a well defined, extended conformation. Protease-induced line-broadening studies helped identify the segments of inhibitors which come into contact with the protease. A comparison of the NMR data of the free and protease-bound states suggests that these ligands undergo rigidification upon complexation. This work provides the first structure of an inhibitor when bound to NS3 protease and should be valuable for designing more potent inhibitors.
Tracking Multiple Circular Objects in Video Using Helmholtz Principle (2009)

A novel algorithm is introduced to track multiple circular objects present in a video using Helmholtz perception principle. First, segmentation of circular objects in the video frame is performed using the perception principle and then same perception principle is applied to track the circular objects. For each circular object present in video, we have taken an assessment of the meaningfulness of the shift of its center of gravity and meaningfulness of the deviation of the direction of movement of the object due to inter-frame displacement. We have shown that a logical threshold in the meaningfulness value tracks circular objects in a video effectively and efficiently.
Virus-Templated Photoimprint on the Surface of an Azobenzene-Containing Polymer (2010)

A photoimprint-based immobilization process is presented for cylindrical viruses on the surface of an azobenzene-bearing acrylate polymer by using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), 18 nm in diameter and ca. 300 nm in length, was employed as a model virus. First, a droplet of an aqueous solution containing TMV was placed on the acrylate polymer surface. After drying the droplet, the polymer surface was irradiated with light at a wavelength of 470 nm from blue-light-emitting diodes. Finally, the surface was washed by aqueous solution with detergents. The polymer surface was observed at each step by AFM. TMV was shown to embed itself gradually on the polymer surface during photoirradiation in a time scale of tens of minutes because of the formation of the surface groove complementary to the shape of TMV. Analysis of immobilization efficiency of TMV on the polymer surface by the immunological enzyme luminescence indicated that efficiency increased proportional to the photoirradiation time. In these experimental conditions, the absorption band of the azobenzene moiety remained constant before and after the photoirradiation. These results show that TMV is physically held on the complementary groove formed on the polymer surface by the photoirradiation.
Polymer Material Dependence in the Polymer/Small Molecule Metal-Base Organic Transistors (2013)

A hybrid metal-base organic transistor composed of a vacuum-deposited small-molecule emitter layer and a solution-processed polymer collector layer was fabricated using three types of conductive polymer, poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), poly(2-methoxy-5(2′-ethyl)hexoxy-phenylenevinylene (MEH-PPV) and poly(9, 9-dioctylfluorene-co-benzothiadiazole) (F8BT). Clear current amplification was observed only in the device with P3HT, and output current density of 12.6 mA/cm2, on/off ratio of 105, and current amplification factor of 76 were achieved at a collector voltage of 5 V and base voltage of 3 V. The output current decreased in order of P3HT > MEH-PPV > F8BT. The relationship between energy levels of polymer materials and carrier transmission process through the base electrode were discussed.
Energy-Efficient Symbol-Level Precoding in Multiuser MISO Based on Relaxed Detection Region (2016)

This paper addresses the problem of exploiting interference among simultaneous multiuser transmissions in the downlink of multiple-antenna systems. Using symbol-level precoding, a new approach toward addressing the multiuser interference is discussed through jointly utilizing the channel state information (CSI) and data information (DI). The interference among the data streams is transformed under certain conditions to a useful signal that can improve the signal-to-interference noise ratio (SINR) of the downlink transmissions and as a result the system’s energy efficiency. In this context, new constructive interference precoding techniques that tackle the transmit power minimization (min power) with individual SINR constraints at each user’s receiver have been proposed. In this paper, we generalize the constructive interference (CI) precoding design under the assumption that the received MPSK symbol can reside in a relaxed region in order to be correctly detected. Moreover, a weighted maximization of the minimum SNR among all users is studied taking into account the relaxed detection region. Symbol error rate analysis (SER) for the proposed precoding is discussed to characterize the tradeoff between transmit power reduction and SER increase due to the relaxation. Based on this tradeoff, the energy efficiency performance of the proposed technique is analyzed. Finally, extensive numerical results show that the proposed schemes outperform other state-of-the-art techniques.
A Higher-Order Method for Dynamic Optimization of Controllable Linear Time-Invariant Systems (2012)

This work describes a new procedure for dynamic optimization of controllable linear time-invariant (LTI) systems. Unlike the traditional approach, which results in 2 n first-order differential equations, the method proposed here yields a set of m differential equations, whose highest order is twice the controllability index of the system p. This paper generalizes the approach presented in a previous work to any controllable LTI system.
Cross Layer Interference Mitigation Using Spectrum Sensing (2007)

Spectrum sensing for interference mitigation is, in the broad sense, the ability to detect and interpret other signals in the band and take appropriate actions by implementing adaptive techniques in the MAC layer in addition to traditional interference cancellation techniques applied in the PHY layer. In this paper we present algorithms to detect interference to WLAN systems in the 2.4 GHz spectrum originating from microwave ovens (MWO) or frequency hopping devices like cordless phone, and methods to mitigate the interference. The concept can be extended to other coexistence issues as well as spectrum sharing between primary and secondary users of a spectrum.
Millimetre-wave remote sensing for detection of effluent species (1993)

Millimetre waves are electromagnetic waves that lie between the microwave and far-infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, occupying a frequency range from 30 to 300 GHz. This paper discusses the use of millimetre waves for remote detection of nuclear and chemical proliferation by measuring effluent species that may be released from proliferation sites.
Structural and optical properties of (Ag,Cu)(In,Ga)Se2 polycrystalline thin film alloys (2014)

The structural and optical properties of pentenary alloy (Ag,Cu)(In,Ga)Se2 polycrystalline thin films were characterized over the entire compositional range at a fixed (Cu + Ag)/(In + Ga) ratio. Films deposited at 550 °C on bare and molybdenum coated soda-lime glass by elemental co-evaporation in a single-stage process with constant incident fluxes exhibit single phase chalcopyrite structure, corresponding to 122 spacegroup (I-42d) over the entire compositional space. Unit cell refinement of the diffraction patterns show that increasing Ag substitution for Cu, the refined ao lattice constant, (Ag,Cu)-Se bond length, and anion displacement increase in accordance with the theoretical model proposed by Jaffe, Wei, and Zunger. However, the refined co lattice constant and (In,Ga)-Se bond length deviated from theoretical expectations for films with mid-range Ag and Ga compositions and are attributed to influences from crystallographic bond chain ordering or cation electronegativity. The optical band gap, derived from transmission and reflection measurements, widened with increasing Ag and Ga content, due to influences from anion displacement and cation electronegativity, as expected from theoretical considerations for pseudo-binary chalcopyrite compounds.
Recent Advances In Fiber Optic Distributed Sensing Systems (1992)

The development of the technology of distributed optical fiber sensors is reviewed, with particular emphasis on those sensors which have found implementation into usable devices. Applications and field trials are also discussed.
Correlating ASR Errors with Developmental Changes in Speech Production: A Study of 3-10-Year-Old European Portuguese Children's Speech (2014)

International audience
Response diversity and dual response mechanism of organic field-effect transistors with dinitrotoluene vapor (2009)

We employ an assortment of n- and p-channel organic semiconductors to fabricate organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) that respond in different ways to dinitrotoluene (DNT) vapor. Different responses are obtained from devices with various semiconductor materials and receptor functionality. Differences are noted in the magnitude and direction of current changes, and also the device parameters (mobility and threshold voltage) affected. The pattern of responses includes sufficient diversity to set it apart from other vapors that might give similar responses to some OFETs in the set, but not all of them. This gives rise to the possibility of distinguishing DNT from other vapors in a manner that could be further developed using mechanistic principles elucidated in this work.
Electrostatic Attachment of Gold and Poly(lactic acid) Nanoparticles onto ω‐Aminoalkanoic Acid Self‐Assembled Monolayers on 316L Stainless Steel (2007)

The assembly of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanoparticles on a 12-aminodecanoic acid (ADA) self-assembled monolayer (SAM) is described. Assembly is accomplished through electrostatic interactions between the positively charged SAM and the negatively charged PLA nanoparticles. The strategy used involves two steps in which a preliminary electrochemical coating of the ADA SAM is followed by a second step that involves immersing the SAM in a solution containing gold or PLA nanoparticles. The SAM was characterized by using cyclic voltammetry (CV), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), FTIR spectroscopy, and contact angle measurements, whereas scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to image the nanoparticles after electrostatic attachment was achieved. We found that the surface coverage of the nanoparticles could be controlled by modulating the electrostatic interactions between the negatively charged particles and the positively charged SAM surface by varying the pH of the nanoparticle solution, the immersion time, and the number of cyclic voltammetry scans under which the SAM was formed.
Isolation, design, and biological properties of fish-derived cationic antimicrobial peptides (2009)

Cationic antimicrobial peptides are components of the host innate immune response against infections in almost all species. Although innate defenses in fish are particularly important due to a frequently late onset and short duration of the secondary immune response in these animals, few fish peptides have been studied to date. This research identifies a novel Hl-histone derived cationic peptide (HSDF-1) from coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), and describes the design, as well as the antibacterial, membrane, and intracellular activities of several other fish-based synthetic peptides of potential importance in aquaculture. HSDF-1, a 26 residue species identical to the N-terminal segment of trout HI histone, was isolated from the serum and mucus of disease-challenged coho salmon. The purified fractions inhibited the growth of antibiotic-supersusceptible S.typhimurium, as well as A. salmonicida and V. anguillarum. Synthetic HSDF-1 and its derivative HSDF-2 were inactive in antimicrobial assays, but they potentiated the antimicrobial activities of the flounder peptide pleurocidin, lysozyme, and crude lysozyme-containing extracts from coho salmon. Although the peptides inserted specifically into anionic lipid monolayers, synergy with pleurocidin did not appear to occur at the cytoplasmic membrane level. The effects of pleurocidin and several of its derivatives on bacterial membranes and intracellular functions were further studied to gain insight into the mode of action of these fish-derived peptides. All peptides tested at their minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) inhibited macromolecular synthesis in bacteria, causing a decrease in the incorporation of [3H]thymidine, [3H]uridine, or [3H]histidine into DNA, RNA, and proteins, respectively. However, many of the peptides applied at their MICs showed limited or negligible ability to damage bacterial cytoplasmic membranes, as observed using a fluorescent dye (diSC35) assay. The inhibition of macromolecular synthesis may thus be a result of the peptides entering bacterial cells and acting intracellularly in a direct fashion, as suggested by the fact that when two peptides were tested, they were able to translocate into liposomes without lysing them. A combined approach of isolating antimicrobial peptides from nature and designing them from existing templates, should eventually provide the medical and veterinary clinicians with a useful arsenal of weapons in the face of developing resistance to conventional antibiotics.
Oxidation-stable plasmonic copper nanoparticles in photocatalytic TiO2 nanoarchitectures (2017)

Ultraporous copper/titanium dioxide (Cu/TiO<sub>2</sub>) aerogels supporting <5 nm diameter copper nanoparticles are active for surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-driven photocatalysis. The extended nanoscale Cu‖TiO<sub>2</sub> junctions in Cu/TiO<sub>2</sub> composite aerogels-which arise as a result of photodepositing copper at the surface of the nanoparticulate-bonded TiO<sub>2</sub> aerogel architecture-stabilize Cu against oxidation to an extent that preserves the plasmonic behavior of the nanoparticles, even after exposure to oxidizing conditions. The metallicity of the Cu nanoparticles within the TiO<sub>2</sub> aerogel is verified by aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy, electron energy-loss spectroscopy, and infrared spectroscopy using CO binding as a probe to distinguish Cu(0) from Cu(i). In contrast, photoreduction of Cu(ii) at a commercial nanoscale anatase TiO<sub>2</sub> powder with primary particle sizes significantly larger than those in the aerogel results in a copper oxide/TiO<sub>2</sub> composite that exhibits none of the plasmonic character of Cu nanoparticles. We attribute the persistence of plasmonic Cu nanoparticles without the use of ligand stabilizers to the arrangement of Cu and TiO<sub>2</sub> within the aerogel architecture where each Cu nanoparticle is in contact with multiple nanoparticles of the reducing oxide. The wavelength dependence of the photoaction spectra for Cu/TiO<sub>2</sub> aerogel films reveals visible-light photocatalytic oxidation activity initiated by an SPR-driven process-as opposed to photo-oxidation initiated by excitation of narrow-bandgap copper oxides.
GPR120 agonists for the treatment of diabetes: a patent review (2014 present) (2020)

ALA: α-linolenic acid; AUC: area under the curve; BRET: bioluminescence resonance energy transfer; CCK: cholecystokinin; CHO-K1 cell: Chinese hamster ovary-K1 cell; <i>db/db</i> mouse: diabetic mouse; DHA: docosahexaenoic acid; DIO: diet-induced obesity; DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide; DPP-4: dipeptidyl peptidase 4; EPA: eicosapentaenoic acid; FA(s): fatty acid(s); FFA(s): free fatty acid(s); FFAR: free fatty acid receptor; FLIPR: fluorescent imaging plate reader; GIR: glucose infusion rate; GLP-1: glucagon-like peptide 1; GP(C)R: G protein-coupled receptor; GSIS: glucose-stimulated insulin secretion; HEK293 cell: human embryonic kidney 293 cell; HOMA-IR: homeostatic measurement assessment of insulin resistance; IP1: inositol phosphate turnover; IPGTT: intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test; LCFA(s): long-chain fatty acid(s); MED<sub>max</sub>: maximal efficacy; MIN6 cell: mouse insulin-secreting cell; NPY: neuropeptide Y; OGTT: oral glucose tolerance test; pERK: phosphorylated ERK; PPAR: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; QD: once daily; SAR: structure-activity relationship; siRNA: small interfering ribonucleic acid; STC-1: intestinal secretin tumor cell; T2DM: type 2 diabetes mellitus; U2OS cell: human bone osteosarcoma epithelial cell; uHTS: ultrahigh-throughput screening; ZDF: zucker diabetic fatty.