gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Unusual stoichiometry control in the atomic layer deposition of manganese borate films from manganese bis(tris(pyrazolyl)borate) and ozone (2016)

The atomic layer deposition (ALD) of films with the approximate compositions Mn3(BO3)2 and CoB2O4 is described using MnTp2 or CoTp2 [Tp = tris(pyrazolyl)borate] with ozone. The solid state decomposition temperatures of MnTp2 and CoTp2 are ∼370 and ∼340 °C, respectively. Preparative-scale sublimations of MnTp2 and CoTp2 at 210 °C/0.05 Torr afforded &amp;gt;99% recoveries with &amp;lt;0.1% nonvolatile residues. Self-limited ALD growth was demonstrated at 325 °C for MnTp2 or CoTp2 with ozone as the coreactant. The growth rate for the manganese borate process was 0.19 Å/cycle within the ALD window of 300–350 °C. The growth rate for the cobalt borate process was 0.39–0.42 Å/cycle at 325 °C. X-ray diffraction of the as-deposited films indicated that they were amorphous. Atomic force microscopy of 35–36 nm thick manganese borate films grown within the 300–350 °C ALD window showed root mean square surface roughnesses of 0.4–0.6 nm. Film stoichiometries were assessed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and time of flight-elastic recoil detection analysis. The differing film stoichiometries obtained from the very similar precursors MnTp2 and CoTp2 are proposed to arise from the oxidizing ability of the intermediate high valent manganese oxide layers and lack thereof for cobalt.
Simultaneous optical coherence tomography and electrophysiology measurements to investigate neurovascular coupling in rats (2010)

Simultaneous measurements with microelectrodes and frequency domain optical coherence tomography were done on rats to investigate neurovascular coupling. Neuronal and vascular responses to parametric forepaw stimulation were found to be in agreement under different anesthetics.
Supplementary Data from Combined Aurora Kinase A (AURKA) and WEE1 Inhibition Demonstrates Synergistic Antitumor Effect in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary figure legends&lt;/p&gt;
Heterologous vaccine interventions: boosting immunity against future pandemics (2021)

While vaccines traditionally have been designed and used for protection against infection or disease caused by one specific pathogen, there are known off-target effects from vaccines that can impact infection from unrelated pathogens. The best-known non-specific effects from an unrelated or heterologous vaccine are from the use of the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, mediated partly through trained immunity. Other vaccines have similar heterologous effects. This review covers molecular mechanisms behind the heterologous effects, and the potential use of heterologous vaccination in the current COVID-19 pandemic. We then discuss novel pandemic response strategies based on rapidly deployed, widespread heterologous vaccination to boost population-level immunity for initial, partial protection against infection and/or clinical disease, while specific vaccines are developed.
Left ventricular dysfunction induced by chronic alcohol ingestion in rats (1991)

To determine whether moderate ingestion of alcohol for protracted periods of time affects normal cardiac performance and produces myocyte damage, male Fischer 344 rats at 4 mo of age were given 30% ethanol in their drinking water every day for a period of 8 mo. Experimental animals and age-matched controls were examined hemodynamically and morphometrically at 12 mo of age. Body and cardiac growth were depressed in alcoholic animals by 15 and 12%, respectively. Although left ventricular (LV) weight was reduced by 14% in alcoholic rats, no difference in right ventricular (RV) weight was noted, and consequently the ratio of RV weight to body weight increased by 12%. Systemic arterial pressures as well as LV peak systolic pressure decreased in alcoholic rats despite an unchanged heart rate. Myocardial contractility in alcoholic rats was further depressed as revealed by a significant decrease in the peak rate of ventricular pressure decay. Importantly, end-diastolic pressure was elevated 5.2-fold in the left ventricle and 2.9-fold in the right ventricle after 8 mo of ethanol consumption. LV diastolic chamber volume increased through myocardial remodeling as the longitudinal axis and transverse diameters from the base to the apex increased in experimental animals while the thickness of the LV diminished. Structural and hemodynamic alterations resulted in a 571% increase in the volume of diastolic circumferential wall stress on the left ventricle. Damage to the myocardium was increased in alcoholic animals with the volume percent of myocardial lesions increasing 342% in the wall of the left ventricle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Active MR visualization of a vascular guidewire in vivo (1998)

The purpose of this study was development of an actively visualized .035-inch vascular guidewire for use in MR-guided interventions. The guidewire was actively visualized by inclusion of a 6-cm-long radiofrequency coil in its tip. A high contrast outline of the distal tip of the guidewire was obtained by acquiring an image with the radiofrequency coil as the receiving antenna. The position of the guidewire relative to the surrounding anatomy was determined by overlaying the guidewire image on a previously acquired road map. The guidewire was evaluated in vivo in the abdominal vessels of a rabbit and swine at 1.5 T. The built-in radiofrequency coil delivered a high contrast signal over its full length, enabling visualization of the position and curvature of the tip of the guidewire. The ability to see the curvature of the guidewire over several centimeters significantly eased manipulation into targeted vessels and represents an important advance toward MR-guided vascular interventions.
Nanocapsules for drug delivery through the skin barrier by tissue-tolerable plasma (2013)

For many years, several attempts have been made to enhance skin penetration by chemical, physical or mechanical manipulation to reduce the barrier function of the skin. The present study demonstrates the possibility of penetration enhancement for 400 nm sized nanocapsules loaded with a model drug consisting of a fluorescent dye by the application of tissue-tolerable plasma (TTP). Therefore, the stability of the nanocapsules and their penetration through the skin barrier prior to and in combination with TTP application was evaluated. The results revealed that the penetration of the nanocapsules could be effectively enhanced when applied in combination with TTP, hence delivering the model drug unaffected by plasma into deeper skin layers. The stability testing showed no significant structural changes of the nanocapsules after contact with TTP. Thus, the present study introduces a new strategy for the penetration enhancement of substances by the combined utilization of nanocapsules and TTP.
Algorithms for pattern rejection (1996)

The efficiency of pattern recognition is particularly crucial in two situations; whenever there are a large number of classes to discriminate, and, whenever recognition must be performed a large number of times. We develop a number of algorithms to cope with the demands of these difficult conditions. The algorithms achieve high efficiency by using pattern rejectors. A pattern rejector is a generalization of a classifier that quickly eliminates a large fraction of the candidate classes or inputs. After applying a rejector the recognition algorithms can concentrate their computational efforts on verifying the small number of remaining possibilities. The generality of our algorithms is established through a close relationship with the Karhunen-Loeve expansion. We experimented on two representative applications, namely, object recognition and feature detection. The results demonstrate substantial efficiency improvements over existing approaches, most notably Fisher's discriminant analysis (1939).
A Hybrid Pyrolysis / Oxidation System for Solid Waste Resource Recovery (2004)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Pyrolysis is a very versatile waste processing technology which can be tailored to produce a variety of solid, liquid, and/or gaseous products. The main disadvantages of pyrolysis processing are: (1) the product stream is more complex than for many of the alternative treatments; (2) the product gases cannot be vented directly into the cabin without further treatment because of the high CO concentrations. One possible solution is to combine a pyrolysis step with catalytic oxidation (combustion) of the effluent gases. This integration takes advantage of the best features of each process. The advantages of pyrolysis are: insensitivity to feedstock composition, no oxygen consumption, and batch operation. The main advantage of oxidation is the simplicity and consistency of the product stream. In addition, this hybrid process has the potential to result in a significant reduction in Equivalent System Mass (estimated at 10-40%) and system complexity. This paper includes data from a laboratory study of a hybrid pyrolysis/oxidation process, including results for the following cases: 1) without post-oxidation; 2) with post-oxidation; 3) with catalyzed post-oxidation.&lt;/div&gt;
P2‐449: Molecular characterization and preclinical efficacy (2011)

Passive immunotherapy with anti-Abeta antibodies is currently investigated for the treatment of Alzheimer's Disease with several candidates in preclinical or clinical development. BIIB037 was generated using the Reverse Translational Medicine method (RTM). Binding properties of BIIB037 were measured in vitro against soluble and fibrillar Abeta. In vivo studies using Tg2576 mice were conducted to assess brain penetration and binding to amyloid plaques, as well as PK profile of the antibody. Preclinical efficacy was determined after chronic dosing using biochemical and histopathological endpoints. BIIB037 is a fully human IgG1 monoclonal antibody derived from an AD patient with an unusual stable clinical course. The RTM approach was used to isolate, clone and recombinantly express the antibody. In vitro characterization shows a high affinity for insoluble fibrillar human Abeta using an ELISA format assay with fibrillar Abeta1-42 immobilized on the plate, and BIIB037 doesn't bind to soluble Abeta1-40 in an inverted ELISA assay format. Binding was also evaluated using a TAPIR assay and staining of amyloid plaques in both AD brain and transgenic mice brain tissues was observed. BIIB037 enters the brain and binds to amyloid plaques after systemic administration in Tg2576 transgenic mice. The amount of drug detected into the brain is dose-dependent. Chronic dosing for 6 months led to a significant amyloid load reduction as measured by ELISA and histopathology, but didn't lead to increased plasma Abeta1-40, Abeta1-42 levels. Incidence of microhemorrhage and inflammation was not increased compared to vehicle treated group. A novel fully human antibody recognizing fibrillar human Abeta was characterized and its preclinical efficacy was demonstrated in vivo.
Interconnection and generation from a North Sea power hub – A linear electricity model (2021)

We research effects on the electricity market of countries surrounding the North Sea after a proposed offshore wind park in the Dogger Bank area of the North Sea has been constructed. Interconnection and generation distribution are analysed separately. The supply price of electricity for each country is calculated by a linear regression analysis to simulate the supply price for higher or lower supply. The model uses the coupling of one supply with one receiver country. Linear modelling of the electricity market combines the results for each objective to find a final state for the market. Using the historic market and weather data for 2016, the results from interconnection show an average generated value of 0.275 [M€/hour] and 82.1 [GW] of average energy flow through the hub. The results of this interconnection between the countries bring between −26% and +11% change on average electricity prices. For hub generation added in, we found an average generated value of 0.573 [M€/hour] and an average price drop of 5% for each country for an average wind power generation of 6.3 [GW] at the hub. The results show that interconnecting the similarly sized electricity markets i.e. Great Britain and Germany & the Netherlands and Denmark, where one has a higher renewable share, would bring the most price stabilization between the two as well as generate the most financial return.
Accuracy improvement of ray tracing method for between 0.8 and 37 GHz in street cell environment (2015)

Recently, mobile networks employing high-speed high-capacity communications have been investigated extensively to satisfy the demand for the faster and larger data communication. As one of the approaches, frequencies between 6 and 100 GHz bands are the candidates to utilize the relatively wide frequency bandwidths. Accordingly, the characteristics of radio propagation loss in these frequency bands must be characterized. We investigate the characteristics of radio propagation loss in street cell environment in the frequency bands using Ray Tracing (RT) by comparing with measurement results. It was observed that RT calculation tends to exhibit estimation error as frequency increases. In this report, we propose to use alternative model with detailed building shape in intersection accounting for surface roughness. RT calculation with the proposed model is numerically evaluated to reveal the characteristics of path loss prediction. Finally, the proposed method is implemented to be compared with measurement results. Parameters of the proposed model are optimized and sufficient accuracy can be achieved in the frequencies between 0.8 and 37 GHz.
Self-Inflicted Risks of Orthopaedic Surgery (2003)

The advancements in medicine, including orthopaedic treatment, since 1960 have so greatly improved quality of life that human nature has changed in its social goals. These technological innovations, especially the products created, have resulted in a self-inflicted increase in risk of practice. This risk will not be leveled until society recognizes that it expects that the physician not only be a healer, but able to fulfill the social goals of the patient.
Effect of restricting the exit angle on the limit of concentration for cylindrical concentrators (1984)

The limit of concentration for cylindrical concentrators whose collector rejects rays arriving at grazing angles is calculated. Cylindrical concentrators having as cross section a 2-D optimal and ideal concentrator (CPC type) with restricted exit angle are analyzed. These concentrators do not achieve, in general, the upper limit but are very close to it. It is also shown that the upper limit is achievable. Finally, two 2-D concentrators with restricted exit angle are shown for the case when the collector is bifacial and specularly reflects the rejected rays.
A Lossless Video Coding Scheme Using MC and 3D Prediction Optimized for Each Frame (2006)

A novel lossless coding scheme for video signals is described. The scheme uses a block-adaptive 3D prediction method that predicts a video signal based on both the current and motion-compensated previous frames. The resulting prediction errors are encoded by using a kind of context-adaptive arithmetic coder. Several coding parameters such as prediction coefficients and motion vectors are iteratively optimized for each frame so that the overall coding rate can be a minimum. Moreover, a quadtree-based variable block-size motion compensation technique is introduced for efficient representation of motion information. Experimental results show that the coding rates of our scheme are 11-17% lower than those of the H. 264-based lossless coding scheme.
Electrostatic fringing-field actuator (EFFA): Application towards a low-complexity RF-MEMS technology (2007)

This paper presents a novel electrostatic actuator using fringing fields as actuation mechanism, ie electrostatic fringing-field actuator or EFFA. The novel device is produced on an insulating substrate in a simple 2-mask process involving only one sacrificial layer and one metallisation. As a proof of concept, we produced and characterized EFFA-based tuneable RF devices and circuits in various technological implementations of remarkable simplicity. This simplicity allows a vast flexibility for the processing and as a result strongly eases the integration of the EFFA 's into existing technologies. We report a non-deembedded measured capacitance ratio of 1:3 and a lifetime of more than 10 cycles with 40 V bipolar actuation at 100 Hz in N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> atmosphere. Both the capacitance ratio and the C-V profile were tuned by modifying the technology, e.g. coating the substrate before processing the EFFA 's, and the design, e.g. switching from clamped-free to clamped-clamped devices. Finally, note that the fringing-field actuation principle we demonstrated by means of RF-MEMS components can be used also as an electrostatic sensing mechanism.
Differential Power Calculation to RFID UHF Passive Tags Characterization (2014)

International audience
Coherent momentum transfer in helium by adiabatic passage (1993)

We have demonstrated a coherent beam splitter for metastable helium based on adiabatic passage. Light from a homemade LNA laser at 1.083 {mu} is used to excite the {sup 3}S{sub 1}-{sup 3}P{sub 0} transition in a highly collimated beam of metastable helium. The atoms are first optically pumped into the m=0 and m=-1 sublevels. These sublevels are two independent {open_quotes}dark{close_quotes} states from which no further absorption is possible. Population is transferred adiabatically from the m = -1 level to the m =+1 level by means of two partially overlapping laser beams. As well as absorbing 2{h_bar} of angular momentum from the radiation field, the atoms initially in the m = -1 sublevel acquire 2{h_bar}k of linear momentum via an absorption/stimulated emission process. The process can be repeated back to m = -1, and we have demonstrated 4{h_bar}k and 6{h_bar}k coherent momentum transfer using successive interactions regions. The population initially in the m = 0 sublevel is undeflected by the light.
Preventive Effect of Shuidouchi on Colitis (2021)

International audience
Photophysical and photobiological behaviour of antimalarial drugs in aqueous solutions (2004)

Abstract This article describes the results of a combined photophysical and photobiological study aimed at understanding the phototoxicity mechanism of the antimalarial drugs quinine (Q), quinacrine (QC) and mefloquine (MQ). Photophysical experiments were carried out in aqueous solutions by stationary and time‐resolved fluorimetry and by laser flash pbotolysis to obtain information on the various decay pathways of the excited states of the drugs and on transient species formed on irradiation. The results obtained showed that fluorescence and intersystem crossing account for all the adsorbed quanta for Q and MQ (quantum yield of about 0.1 and 0.9, respectively) and only for 24% in the case of QC, which has a negligible fluorescence quantum yield (0.001). Laser flash photolysis experiments evidenced, for QC and, MQ, the occurrence of photoionization processes leading to the formation of the radical cations of the drugs. The effects of tryptophan and histidine on the excited states and transient species of the three drugs were also investigated. In parallel, the photoactivity of the antimalarial drugs was investigated under UV irradiation on various biological targets through a series of in vitro assays in the presence and in the absence of oxygen. Phototoxicity on 3T3 cultured fibroblasts and lipid photoperoxidation were observed for all the drugs. The photodamage produced by the drugs was also evaluated on proteins by measuring the photosensitized cross‐linking of spectrin. The combined approaches were proven to be usefulfor understanding the mechanism of phototoxicity induced by the antimalarial drugs.
Modeling of plasmonic semiconductor THz antennas in square and hexagonal array arrangements (2020)

Here, we present 3D solutions of Maxwell’s equations using the finite element method (FEM) for sub-wavelength plasmonic THz antennas in array configurations. We show that mutual coupling between neighboring antennas causes the arrays spectral response to change with different array densities and arrangements. The simulation results of the spectral response of the antennas are in very good agreement to the experiments. Finally, in order to investigate the sensing performance of the antennas, simulations with different feed gap materials were carried out.
Lymphokine-activated killer cell phenomenon. III. Evidence that IL-2 is sufficient for direct activation of peripheral blood lymphocytes into lymphokine-activated killer cells. (1983)

Purified interleukin 2 (IL-2) was found to be sufficient for direct activation of peripheral blood lymphocytes into lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells. The LAK activation factor was directly and consistently associated with IL-2 activity using classic protein purification techniques, adsorption to IL-2-dependent cell lines, and inhibition with anti-Tac antibody. As yet, no other cytokines have been found that perform the same role.
Grundfragen des Relationship Marketing (2004)

Kunderlbeziehungen sind der zentrale Betrachtungsgegenstand des Relationship Marketing (oder auch Beziehungsmarketing), dem neuen dominierten Paradigma im Marketing. Das (IKT-basierte) Management von Kundenbeziehungen, welches als Teil der Instrumentalisierung der theoretischen Ziele desRelationship Marketing (RM) verstanden werden kann (vgl. Bruhn 2001, S.80), gewinnt dementsprechend stetig an Bedeutung. Im Folgenden wird zuerst derBegriff des Relationship Marketing definiert und anschließend werden die Grundfragen dieser neuen Disziplin erläutert. Ausgehend von den strategischen Zielen des Relationship Marketing wird zuerst der Bezug zum CRM hergestellt, um schließlich die Instrumente des Relationship Marketing, vor allem den Einsatz von IKT-Systemen zur Unterstützung des Management von Kundenbeziehungen, zu erörtern.