gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Self-Excited High-Frequency Transverse Limit-Cycle Oscillations and Associated Flame Dynamics in a Gas Turbine Reheat Combustor Experiment (2021)

Abstract This paper presents the investigation of high-frequency thermoacoustic limit-cycle oscillations in a novel experimental gas turbine reheat combustor featuring both auto-ignition and propagation stabilised flame zones at atmospheric pressure. Dynamic pressure measurements at the faceplate of the reheat combustion chamber reveal high-amplitude periodic pressure pulsations at 3 kHz in the transverse direction of the rectangular cross-section combustion chamber. Further analysis of the acoustic signal shows that this is a thermoacoustically unstable condition undergoing limit-cycle oscillations. A sensitivity study is presented which indicates that these high-amplitude limit-cycle oscillations only occur under certain conditions: namely high power settings with propane addition to increase auto-ignition propensity. The spatially-resolved flame dynamics are then investigated using CH* chemiluminescence, phase-locked to the dynamic pressure, captured from all lateral sides of the reheat combustion chamber. This reveals strong heat release oscillations close to the chamber walls at the instability frequency, as well as axial movement of the flame tips in these regions and an overall transverse displacement of the flame. Both the heat release oscillations and the flame motion occur in phase with the acoustic mode. From these observations, likely thermoacoustic driving mechanisms which lead to the limit-cycle oscillations are inferred. In this case, the overall flame-acoustics interaction is assumed to be a superposition of several effects, with the observations suggesting strong influences from autoignition-pressure coupling as well as flame displacement and deformation due to the acoustic velocity field. These findings provide a foundation for the overall objective of developing predictive approaches to mitigate the impact of high-frequency thermoacoustic instabilities in future generations of gas turbines with sequential combustion systems.
Mixed-Dimensional Anti-ambipolar Phototransistors Based on 1D GaAsSb/2D MoS2 Heterojunctions (2022)

The incapability of modulating the photoresponse of assembled heterostructure devices has remained a challenge for the development of optoelectronics with multifunctionality. Here, a gate-tunable and anti-ambipolar phototransistor is reported based on 1D GaAsSb nanowire/2D MoS<sub>2</sub> nanoflake mixed-dimensional van der Waals heterojunctions. The resulting heterojunction shows apparently asymmetric control over the anti-ambipolar transfer characteristics, possessing potential to implement electronic functions in logic circuits. Meanwhile, such an anti-ambipolar device allows the synchronous adjustment of band slope and depletion regions by gating in both components, thereby giving rise to the gate-tunability of the photoresponse. Coupled with the synergistic effect of the materials in different dimensionality, the hybrid heterojunction can be readily modulated by the external gate to achieve a high-performance photodetector exhibiting a large on/off current ratio of 4 × 10<sup>4</sup>, fast response of 50 μs, and high detectivity of 1.64 × 10<sup>11</sup> Jones. Due to the formation of type-II band alignment and strong interfacial coupling, a prominent photovoltaic response is explored in the heterojunction as well. Finally, a visible image sensor based on this hybrid device is demonstrated with good imaging capability, suggesting the promising application prospect in future optoelectronic systems.
Backscattering and electron microscopy study of mega-electron volt gold implantation into silicon (1994)

Rutherford backscattering spectrometry and cross-section transmission electron microscopy have been used to study implantation of MeV Au+ ions into silicon. Measured range (Rp) and straggle (ΔRp) values for MeV Au+ implanted silicon are found to be consistently larger than values predicted by trim simulations. The magnitude of the discrepancies are such that the differences cannot be attributed to implantation effects alone. We conclude that the trim computer program does not accurately predict Rp and ΔRp values for MeV Au+ implantation into crystalline Si. Experimental results show that for low-current low-energy implants a single Gaussian Au profile is achieved. Low-power implants produce a single band of damage consisting of simple point defects. High-current high-energy implants lead to the creation of more complex defect structures such as dislocation networks; these arise as a result of dynamic beam recrystallization. Multiple layers of precipitation are observed in silicon implanted with MeV Au+ ions in those samples where dynamic recrystallization occurred. Precipitation occurs as a result of the local Au concentration exceeding the solid-solubility during beam-induced recrystallization. Different mechanisms operate in conjunction to cause anomalous Au motion which results in formation of multiple precipitate layers. A first mechanism has the implanted Au segregating into a densely defected region; when the concentration exceeds the local solid solubility Au precipitates out of the matrix. A second mechanism has motion of Au along dislocations in a network; the diffusing Au reaches a dislocation-node where it exceeds the local threshold for precipitation and the Au therefore precipitates. Enhanced Au diffusion is dependent upon the magnitude of dynamic recrystallization occurring during the implantation.
A path-load based adaptive routing algorithm for networks-on-chip (2009)

Applications executing in current MPSoCs present traffic behavior with different characteristics in terms of QoS requirements and traffic modeling. Another important MPSoC traffic feature is its unpredictability and dynamic nature. Networks-on-chip (NoCs) are communication structures being used due to higher degree of parallelism, fault tolerance, and scalability, when compared to busses. Even with increased bandwidth due to parallelism, some flows may compete for the same network resources, affecting the applications performance, and possibly violating QoS requirements. Adaptive routing algorithms may reduce such congestion, enabling dynamic path modification according to some congestion evaluation metric. State of the art approaches have a limited view of the congestion areas, since each router take routing decisions based on its neighbors congestion status. Such local decision may lead packets to another NoC congested region, therefore being inefficient. This paper proposes a new method, using the information of all routers in the source-target path. This method relies on a protocol for QoS session establishment, followed by distributed monitoring, and reroute to non-congested routers. The set of executed experiments presents results concerning latency and buffer utilization when the method proposed is applied.
Metadata filtering for user-friendly centralized biometric authentication (2019)

While biometric authentication for commercial use so far mainly has been used for local device unlock use cases, there are great opportunities for using it also for central authentication such as for remote login. However, many current biometric sensors like for instance mobile fingerprint sensors have too large false acceptance rate (FAR) not allowing them, for security reasons, to be used in larger user group for central identification purposes. A straightforward way to avoid this FAR problem is to either request a user unique identifier such as a device identifier or require the user to enter a unique user ID prior to making the biometric matching. Usage of a device identifier does not work when a user desires to authenticate on a previously unused device of a generic type. Furthermore, requiring the user at each login occasion to enter a unique user ID, is not at all user-friendly. To avoid this problem, we in this paper investigate an alternative, most user-friendly approach, for identification in combination with biometric-based authentication using metadata filtering. An evaluation of the adopted approach is carried out using realistic simulations of the Swedish population to assess the feasibility of the proposed system. The results show that metadata filtering in combination with traditional biometric-based matching is indeed a powerful tool for providing reliable, and user-friendly, central authentication services for large user groups.
Real-time kinematic modeling and prediction of human joint motion in a networked rehabilitation system (2015)

In this paper, a networked-based rehabilitation system is introduced for lower-extremity tele-rehabilitation. In order to enable high-level motion planning of the rehabilitation robot in real-time for enhanced safety and appropriate human-robot interactions, a time series model is proposed to capture the kinematics of knee joint rotations. A major challenge in such a system is that measurement data might be delayed or lost due to wireless communication. With a delay and loss compensation mechanism, a modified recursive least square (mRLS) algorithm is applied for real-time modeling and prediction of knee joint rotations in the sagittal plane, and convergence of the proposed algorithm is studied. Simulation and experimental results are presented to verify the performance of the proposed algorithm.
Wholly Aromatic Ether-Imides as n-Type Semiconductors (2006)

Some wholly aromatic ether-imides consisting of rod-shaped, relatively-low-mass molecules that can form liquid crystals have been investigated for potential utility as electron-donor-type (ntype) organic semiconductors. It is envisioned that after further research to improve understanding of their physical and chemical properties, compounds of this type would be used to make thin film semiconductor devices (e.g., photovoltaic cells and field-effect transistors) on flexible electronic-circuit substrates. This investigation was inspired by several prior developments: Poly(ether-imides) [PEIs] are a class of engineering plastics that have been used extensively in the form of films in a variety of electronic applications, including insulating layers, circuit boards, and low-permittivity coatings. Wholly aromatic PEIs containing naphthalene and perylene moieties have been shown to be useful as electrochromic polymers. More recently, low-molecular-weight imides comprising naphthalene-based molecules with terminal fluorinated tails were shown to be useful as n-type organic semiconductors in such devices as field-effect transistors and Schottky diodes. Poly(etherimide)s as structural resins have been extensively investigated at NASA Langley Research Center for over 30 years. More recently, the need for multi-functional materials has become increasingly important. This n-type semiconductor illustrates the scope of current work towards new families of PEIs that not only can be used as structural resins for carbon-fiber reinforced composites, but also can function as sensors. Such a multi-functional material would permit so-called in-situ health monitoring of composite structures during service. The work presented here demonstrates that parts of the PEI backbone can be used as an n-type semiconductor with such materials being sensitive to damage, temperature, stress, and pressure. In the near future, multi-functional or smart composite structures are envisioned to be able to communicate such important parameters to the flight crew and provide vital information with respect to the operational status of their aircraft.
Genetic and biochemical approaches towards unravelling the degradation of gallotannins by Streptococcus gallolyticus (2014)

The specific features showed by S. gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus in relation to tannin degradation indicated that strains from this subspecies could be considered so far the best bacterial cellular factories for tannin degradation.
A CMOS 10bit 37MS/s pipelined A/D converter with code regeneration and averaging (1999)

A 10bit pipelined analog to digital converter(ADC) having 1bit per stage architecture with code regeneration is proposed. Code regeneration is performed by digital averaging of two analog shifted codes obtained from one sample of analog input to ADC. Analysis shows allowable gain and offset errors are tolerable up to 8bit resolution to achieve 10bit ADC. This allows ADC free from calibration or trimming against gain errors to implement 10bit resolution. Test results show that the maximum DNL of 0.51LSB and 37MHz conversion rate with the process of 0.8µm CMOS.
Bioactivity of a Rice Bran–Derived Peptide and Its Sensory Evaluation and Storage Stability in Orange Juice (2016)

A pentapeptide prepared from rice bran demonstrated growth inhibition on human lung, liver, breast, and colon cancer cell lines. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the human prostate cancer growth inhibition by the pentapeptide and its 6-mo storage stability by incorporating spray-dried orange juice, and determining sensory acceptability. The pentapeptide showed inhibition of human prostate cancer cells by 45% at 460 μg/mL concentration. When incorporated in spray-dried orange juice, and reconstituted with water and tested, there was an approximately 10% degradation of the peptide at 620 μg/mL concentration under refrigerated conditions over a 6 mo storage period, whereas at ambient temperature the degradation was 30%. Larger degradation was observed when 240 or 460 μg/mL pentapeptide was used. Overall, consumer panelists liked sensory aspect of the reconstituted pentapeptide incorporated orange juice beverage. Also consumer panelists liked the color and mouthfeel attributes, their hedonic impression of flavor attribute was slightly low due to unpalatable bitter note caused by the presence of the peptide. Incorporation of the pentapeptide in spray-dried orange juice has the potential to serve as a functional food ingredient that can offer health benefits to consumers. It is possible that the structural instability can be minimized by encapsulation.
Prediction of the light scattering patterns from bacteria colonies by a time-resolved reaction-diffusion model and the scalar diffraction theory (2009)

In order to maximize the utility of the optical scattering technology in the area of bacterial colony identification, it is necessary to have a thorough understanding of how bacteria species grow into different morphological aggregation and subsequently function as distinctive optical amplitude and phase modulators to alter the incoming Gaussian laser beam. In this paper, a 2-dimentional reaction-diffusion (RD) model with nutrient concentration, diffusion coefficient, and agar hardness as variables is investigated to explain the correlation between the various environmental parameters and the distinctive morphological aggregations formed by different bacteria species. More importantly, the morphological change of the bacterial colony against time is demonstrated by this model, which is able to characterize the spatio-temporal patterns formed by the bacteria colonies over their entire growth curve. The bacteria population density information obtained from the RD model is mathematically converted to the amplitude/phase modulation factor used in the scalar diffraction theory which predicts the light scattering patterns for bacterial colonies. The conclusions drawn from the RD model combined with the scalar diffraction theory are useful in guiding the design of the optical scattering instrument aiming at bacteria colony detection and classification.
Classification of Physiologically Significant Pumping States in an Implantable Rotary Blood Pump: Effects of Cardiac Rhythm Disturbances (2007)

Methods of speed control for implantable rotary blood pumps (iRBPs) are vital for providing implant recipients with sufficient blood flow to cater for their physiological requirements. The detection of pumping states that reflect the physiological state of the native heart forms a major component of such a control method. Employing data from a number of acute animal experiments, five such pumping states have been previously identified: regurgitant pump flow, ventricular ejection (VE), nonopening of the aortic valve (ANO), and partial collapse (intermittent [PVC-I] and continuous [PVC-C]) of the ventricle wall. An automated approach that noninvasively detects such pumping states, employing a classification and regression tree (CART), has also been developed. An extension to this technique, involving an investigation into the effects of cardiac rhythm disturbances on the state detection process, is discussed. When incorporating animal data containing arrhythmic events into the CART model, the strategy showed a marked improvement in detecting pumping states as compared to the model devoid of arrhythmic data: state VE--57.4/91.7% (sensitivity/specificity) improved to 97.1/100.0%; state PVC-I--66.7/83.1% improved to 100.0/88.3%, and state PVC-C--11.1/66.2% changed to 0.0/100%. With a simplified binary scheme differentiating suction (PVC-I, PVC-C) and nonsuction (VE, ANO) states, suction was initially detected with 100/98.5% sensitivity/specificity, whereas with the subsequent improved model, both these states were detected with 100% sensitivity. The accuracy achieved demonstrates the robustness of the technique presented, and substantiates its inclusion into any iRBP control methodology.
Heat transfer of phase-change materials in two-dimensional cylindrical coordinates (1981)

Two-dimensional phase-change problem is numerically solved in cylindrical coordinates (r and z) by utilizing two Taylor series expansions for the temperature distributions in the neighborhood of the interface location. These two expansions form two polynomials in r and z directions. For the regions sufficiently away from the interface the temperature field equations are numerically solved in the usual way and the results are coupled with the polynomials. The main advantages of this efficient approach include ability to accept arbitrarily time dependent boundary conditions of all types and arbitrarily specified initial temperature distributions. A modified approach using a single Taylor series expansion in two variables is also suggested.
Effective lifetime measurements in theBs0→K+K−,B0→K+π−andBs0→π+K−decays (2014)

Measurements of the effective lifetimes in the B 0 s K + K -, B 0 K + -and B 0 s + K -decays are presented using 1.0 fb -1 of pp collision data collected at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV by the LHCb experiment. The analysis uses a data-driven approach to correct for the decay time acceptance. The measured effective lifetimes are
Photocrosslinkable chitosan modified with angiopoietin‐1 peptide, QHREDGS, promotes survival of neonatal rat heart cells (2010)

Myocardial infarction (MI) results in the death of cardiomyocytes (CM), which causes scar formation and pathological remodeling of the heart. The delivery of healthy myocytes or bone marrow cells reduces pathological remodeling after MI, however, current cell injection methods have low cell survival rates and high cell loss. The main objective of this work was to develop a novel hydrogel that can promote survival of CMs. Photocrosslinkable azidobenzoic acid modified chitosan (Az-chitosan) was conjugated with the angiopoietin-1-derived peptide, QHREDGS. This novel peptide is thought to mediate attachment and survival responses of CM to angiopoietin-1 via integrin binding. Thin layers of Az-chitosan, Az-chitosan-QHREDGS, and Az-chitosan-DGQESHR (scrambled peptide control) were spin coated on glass slides and photocrosslinked with application of UV light (365 nm). Neonatal rat heart cells cultured up to 5 days, demonstrated significantly higher attachment and viability on Az-chitosan-QHREDGS compared to cells on other hydrogel controls. Surfaces were also stained for the CM-specific marker troponin I, demonstrating significantly higher percentage of CMs on Az-chitosan-QHREDGS compared to Az-chitosan. The cells cultivated on Az-chitosan-QHREDGS demonstrated significantly lower levels of caspase 3/7 activation after taxol treatment in comparison to cells cultivated on the control hydrogels, glass substrate, or Az-chitosan linked to RGD, an established integrin binding peptide that did not protect against apoptosis. Thus, Az-chitosan-QHREDGS supports attachment and survival of neonatal rat heart cells.
Early Stages of Drug Discovery in an Academic Institution and Involvement of Pharma for Advancing Promising Leads (2021)

In this Viewpoint, we provide a brief description of two efforts to develop drugs to treat diseases caused by tropical parasites (Malaria, human African trypanosomiasis and Chagas disease). These efforts are largely based in a University setting but draw heavily on Pharma for a complete progression from drug hit discovery to advancement toward clinical trials. The first case is the development of protein farnesyltransferase inhibitors, and the second case is a series of benzthiazoles, the target of which is being investigated.
Imaging-based spectrometer-less optofluidic biosensors based on dielectric metasurfaces for detecting extracellular vesicles (2021)

Biosensors are indispensable tools for public, global, and personalized healthcare as they provide tests that can be used from early disease detection and treatment monitoring to preventing pandemics. We introduce single-wavelength imaging biosensors capable of reconstructing spectral shift information induced by biomarkers dynamically using an advanced data processing technique based on an optimal linear estimator. Our method achieves superior sensitivity without wavelength scanning or spectroscopy instruments. We engineered diatomic dielectric metasurfaces supporting bound states in the continuum that allows high-quality resonances with accessible near-fields by in-plane symmetry breaking. The large-area metasurface chips are configured as microarrays and integrated with microfluidics on an imaging platform for real-time detection of breast cancer extracellular vesicles encompassing exosomes. The optofluidic system has high sensing performance with nearly 70 1/RIU figure-of-merit enabling detection of on average 0.41 nanoparticle/µm<sup>2</sup> and real-time measurements of extracellular vesicles binding from down to 204 femtomolar solutions. Our biosensors provide the robustness of spectrometric approaches while substituting complex instrumentation with a single-wavelength light source and a complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor camera, paving the way toward miniaturized devices for point-of-care diagnostics.
Supplementary Figure 4 from A Human Breast Cell Model of Preinvasive to Invasive Transition (2023)

Supplementary Figure 4 from A Human Breast Cell Model of Preinvasive to Invasive Transition
A wall-bounded turbulent mixing layer flow over an open step: I. Time-mean and spectral characteristics (2006)

The time-mean and spectral characteristics of a wall-bounded turbulent mixing layer flow over an open step were investigated experimentally. Extensive spatio-temporal measurements of the wall pressure fluctuations and velocity fluctuations were performed using a microphone array and an X-type gold-plated hotwire probe, respectively. Air flow was entrained through the open step, forming a wall-bounded turbulent mixing layer flow. Three flow configurations, with step heights of H/δ = 0.67, 1.00 and 1.67 (δ was defined as the boundary layer thickness 2 mm upstream of the step edge), were chosen to examine the influence of the step height on the evolution of the wall-bounded turbulent mixing layer. As the step height increased from H/δ = 0.67 to 1.67, the velocity fluctuations and the associated wall pressure fluctuations were intensified due to enhancement of the large-scale vortical structures. Moreover, as the step height was increased over this range, the inclination of the large-scale vortical structure varied from backward to forward, causing elevation of the wall-bounded turbulent mixing layer. The contribution of the local flow structures to the wall pressure fluctuations increased with increasing step height.