gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular mechanisms of Slo2 K+channel closure (2016)

Large conductance K<sup>+</sup> -selective Slo2 channels are in a closed state unless activated by elevated [Na<sup>+</sup> ]<sub>i</sub> . Our previous studies suggested that the pore helix/selectivity filter serves as the activation gate in Slo2 channels. In the present study, we evaluated two other potential mechanisms for stabilization of Slo2 channels in a closed state: (1) dewetting and collapse of the inner pore (hydrophobic gating) and (2) constriction of the inner pore by tight criss-crossing of the cytoplasmic ends of the S6 α-helical segments. Slo2 channels contain two conserved Leu residues in each of the four S6 segments that line the inner pore region nearest the bottom of the selectivity filter. To evaluate the potential role of these residues in hydrophobic gating, Leu267 and Leu270 in human Slo2.1 were each replaced by 15 different residues. The relative conductance of mutant channels was highly dependent on hydrophilicity and volume of the amino acid substituted for Leu267 and was maximal with L267H. Consistent with their combined role in hydrophobic gating, replacement of both Leu residues with the isosteric but polar residue Asn (L267N/L270N) stabilized channels in a fully open state. In a recent cryo-electron microscopy structure of chicken Slo2.2, the ion permeation pathway of the channel is closed by a constriction of the inner pore formed by criss-crossing of the S6 segments at a conserved Met. Inconsistent with the S6 segment crossing forming the activation gate, replacement of the homologous Met residues in human Slo2.1 or Slo2.2 with the negatively-charged Glu did not induce constitutive channel opening.
An experimental investigation of electrically induced-birefringence of Kerr effect in polymer-stabilized blue phase liquid crystals resulting from orientations of liquid crystals (2012)

The electrically induced-birefringence (EIB) of Kerr effect of polymer-stabilized blue phase liquid crystals (PSBP-LCs) is experimentally investigated by discussing the orientations of liquid cryastal (LC) molecules. The results show that the EIB of Kerr effect of PSBP-LCs mainly results from the orientations of LC molecules when the voltage is larger than the voltage of disappearance of the lattice deformation; otherwise, lattice deformation is also involved in the contribution of EIB besides the orientations of LC molecules. This study proves that the orientations of liquid crystals indeed play roles in the EIB of Kerr effect in PSBP-LCs.
Tryptophan imaging of membrane proteins (1985)

A theoretical analysis of resonance energy transfer between protein tryptophan and the n-(9-anthroyloxy) (AO) fatty acid probes has been carried out to evaluate its potential use in determining the tryptophan distribution in membrane proteins. The Förster theory for two-dimensional energy transfer was formulated to calculate multiple donor (tryptophan) transfer efficiencies to ensembles of AO probes at different depths in the bilayer. The variation of transfer efficiency with AO probe depth is found to be a sensitive function of tryptophan position and the protein radius but not the dipole-dipole orientation factor or the decay heterogeneity of the donor. For single tryptophan-containing proteins the model predicts that the tryptophan position can be determined with a precision of about 2 A. Although for multiple tryptophans there is appreciable deterioration in resolution, it is still possible to determine the essential features of the distribution such as its first two moments. The positions determined by this method are the projections of the tryptophan positions on a plane perpendicular to the membrane surface, since the probes distribute uniformly around the protein. To analyze the data, a Monte Carlo approach has been developed to search for tryptophan distributions compatible with the observed efficiencies and to display the results in terms of a tryptophan density map. It is shown that even for cases in which little is known about the quantum yield distribution, significant information can be determined about the tryptophan spatial distribution.
Transapical Aortic Valve Implantation Following a Left Pneumonectomy (2010)

Transapical transcatheter aortic valve implantation is an emerging technique for high-risk patients with symptomatic aortic valve stenosis, peripheral vascular disease, and severe concomitant comorbidities. However, a previous major surgical intervention involving the left hemithorax and the lung has always been considered a technical surgical challenge or even a potential contraindication for this minimally invasive procedure. With this report, we demonstrate, for the first time, that a previous left pneumonectomy followed by mediastinal radiotherapy does not affect the feasibility of transapical transcatheter aortic valve implantation, and we discuss the preoperative workup and the peculiar intraoperative cardiac imaging and surgical assessment.
Effective population size, genetic variability, and gains from recurrent selection in the BS11 maize population (1998)

Establishing an adequate effective population size is important in maize (Zea mays L) recurrent selection programs. The objectives of the study were to detemriine the magnitude of additive genetic variance after 5 cycles of selection among four Srprogeny selection programs with effective population sizes of 5,10,20, and 30 but with a common selection intensity of 20%, to predict the gains of S2, Si, full-sib, and modified-ear-to-row recurrent selection methods with varying effective population sizes, and to compare the predicted gains with the realized gains obtained in a related study. Using the BS11 cycle 0 (CO), 5 cycles of Si-progeny selection were conducted by intermating 5,10,20, or 30 lines to form a population for the next cycle of selection. The cycle 5 populations of the 5,10,20, and 30 Si-programs were referred to as C5-5, C5-10, C5-20, and C5-30, respectively. One hundred-thirty BS11 C5 Si lines from each of the selected populations and 100 BS11C0 Si lines were topcrossed to BS11 CO. The half-sib progenies were evaluated at five environments in a replication within sets randomized incomplete block design. Using the variance estimates of the BS11C0, the predicted gain cyde' was calculated based on trait perse selection and selection using an index Results showed that the additive genetic variance for grain yield ranked C5-5 > C5-20 > CO > C5-30 > C5-10 but differences among populations were not significant. Results of the predictions indicated that the trend was similar for the trait perse selection and index selection. Although the predicted gain cycle' for a trait in a recurrent selection method increased with increasing effective population size, differences among the predicted values were agronomically insignificant. The comparison between the predicted gains and the realized gains obtained in a related study revealed that intemnating greater number of individuals would not result in a significant response over a few cycles of selection. Based on the results of the study, 1 conclude that there is no distinct advantage of using larger effective population size to maintain genetic variability and to realize gain in a short-term maize recun^nt selection program.
Chloro-1,4-dimethyl-9H-carbazole Derivatives Displaying Anti-HIV Activity (2018)

a preliminary biological investigation on the synthesized small series of chloro-1,4-dimethyl-9<i>H</i>-carbazoles has been carried out. Among all tested compounds, a nitro-derivative (<b>3b</b>) showed the most interesting profile representing a suitable lead for the development of novel anti-HIV drugs.
On the Strength of the Concatenated Hash Combiner when All the Hash Functions are Weak. (2008)

Abstract. At Crypto 2004 Joux showed a novel attack against the concatenated hash combiner instantiated with Merkle-Damgård iterated hash functions. His method of producing multicollisions in the Merkle-Damgård design was the rst in a recent line of generic attacks against the Merkle-Damgård construction. In the same paper, Joux raised an open question concerning the strength of the concatenated hash combiner and asked whether his attack can be improved when the attacker can e ciently nd collisions in both underlying compression functions. We solve this open problem by showing that even in the powerful adversarial scenario rst introduced by Liskov (SAC 2006) in which the underlying compression functions can be fully inverted (which implies that collisions can be easily generated), collisions in the concatenated hash cannot be created using fewer than 2 n/2 queries. We then expand this result to include the double pipe hash construction of Lucks from Asiacrypt 2005. One of the intermediate results is of interest on its own and provides the rst streamable construction provably indi erentiable from a random oracle in this model. Key words: hash functions, cryptographic combiners, indi erentiability. 1
The impact of hypoxia on the activity of lactate dehydrogenase in two different pre-clinical tumour models (2008)

Serum Ldh activity can be a marker for tumour burden in certain types of cancer. The relationship between serum and tumour Ldh and tumour hypoxia has not been confirmed. However, Ldha mRNA may be a potential new marker of tumour hypoxia and should be further investigated.
Influence of vertebral fat content on quantitative CT density. (1986)

Single- and dual-energy (85 and 130 kVp) computed tomographic (CT) measurements of bone density were made in 74 lumbar (L-3) vertebral specimens. Single-energy CT densities at 130 kVp consistently underestimated actual ash density by about 25 mg/cm3 in men and 40 mg/cm3 in women. CT densities overestimated age changes by 73% in women and 26% in men. These errors of the single-energy CT approach seemed due to increased marrow fat caused by age. At 130 kVp, there was a large decrease in apparent bone density (13 mg/cm3) for each increase of 100 mg/cm3 in fat content, but the decrease was lower at 85 kVp (11 mg/cm3), suggesting the use of lower energies for quantitative CT. In the vertebrae from the younger subjects (up to age 69), the relative error was 20%-31%, but in the oldest group it amounted to 31%-45%. The 95% confidence interval for an individual determination was +/- 38 mg/cm3. Dual-energy CT greatly reduced the above errors. Ash density was predicted with only a small accuracy error (7 mg/cm3) using a postprocessing dual-energy calculation, but the prediction error was 19 mg/cm3 for determinations at 130 kVp. The large uncertainty in the fat content of marrow (+/- 110 mg/cm3) and the variability in distribution of fat make dual-energy approaches necessary for accurate determinations of vertebral mineral density.
Coronoid and radial head reconstruction in chronic posttraumatic elbow subluxation. (2009)

Chronic elbow subluxation is uncommon but challenging to treat. Although many treatment methods have been described, few clinical outcome studies have been done because of the infrequency of the condition. Reconstruction has been better defined for radial head deficiencies than for the coronoid. Recognizing and repairing or reconstructing any associated soft-tissue deficiencies are important to a good outcome. For some patients, protecting the reconstruction with a hinged external fixator is recommended to allow early range of motion.
Effect of plyometric training and SAQ training followed by detraining on selected bio-motor abilities of school level kabaddi players (2023)

The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of Plyometrics training and SAQ training followed by detraining on selected Bio-motor abilities of school level kabaddi players. The investigator selected a total of thirty (N=30) male kabaddi players between the age group of 12-18 years from CMS high school Olassa Kottayam Districts. 10 subject of them, as SAQ training (N=10), Plyometric training (n=10) and control group (n=10) were selected as subjects. Total duration was for 8week All the subjects were tested on selected criterion variables prior to and immediately after the six weeks of Kabaddi training programme. The de training effect had measured after the two weeks of training. The study aimed at mainly to find out the impact of Plyometric training and SAQ training followed by detraining on selected Bio-motor abilities of school level kabaddi players. The bio motor variables (dependent variables) selected for the study were explosive strength and agility. Thus data collected on the above variables from thirty kabaddi players were fit into three equal groups. Hence Analysis of covariance (ANACOVA) was applied for find out the significance level. The result indicates that there was significant difference in explosive strength Hence the research hypothesis first stated has been accepted in the case of explosive strength Further it was hypothesized that there would be a significant improvement on bio-motor abilities due six weeks of SAQ training. The pretest scores and post test scores were compared to find out effect of the training. The result indicates that there was significant difference in agility.
Ray tracing a three dimensional scene using a grid (2023)

Ray tracing a three-dimensional scene using a grid. One example embodiment is a method for ray tracing a three-dimensional scene using a grid. In this example method, the three-dimensional scene is made up of objects that are spatially partitioned into a plurality of cells that make up the grid. The method includes a first act of computing a bounding frustum of a packet of rays, and a second act of traversing the grid slice by slice along a major traversal axis. Each slice traversal includes a first act of determining one or more cells in the slice that are overlapped by the frustum and a second act of testing the rays in the packet for intersection with any objects at least partially bounded by the one or more cells overlapped by the frustum.
Newborn Screening by Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Medium-Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis (2003)

Simulation modeling indicates that newborn screening for MCADD reduces morbidity and mortality at an incremental cost below the range for accepted health care interventions. At the 70-year horizon, the model predicts that almost all of the additional costs of screening would be offset by avoided sequelae.
Bisazidobiphenyls/Novolak Resin Negative Resist Systems for i-Line Phase-Shifting Lithography (1992)

Bisazidobiphenyls have been evaluated as photosensitive compounds of negative resists for i-line phase-shifting lithography. The optical parameters of the bisazidobiphenyl resists such as Dill's A , B , and C parameters, molar absorption coefficients, and quantum yields are measured to select an appropriate bisazidobiphenyl for an i-line negative resist. The quantum yields of bisazidobiphenyls strongly depend on the substituents on the aromatic rings and vary between 0.25 and 0.83. The resist sensitivities are proportional to the product of ε and φ, which means the nitrenes produced from each bisazidobiphenyl have the same reactivity with novolak resin. 2,7-Diazidofluorene (azide 6), which has the largest ε·φ, gives the highest sensitivity. However, the resist using a mixture of azide 6 and 4,4'-diazido-3,3'-dimethoxybiphenyl (azide 1) is subjected to lithographic evaluation because azide 6 has low solubility in the casting solvents. The new resist resolves 0.275-µm line-and-space patterns in 1-µm-thick film when it is exposed with an i-line stepper in conjunction with a phase-shifting mask. The required dose of the new resist for imaging is 240 mJ/cm 2 .
Experimental evaluation of CaO, SrO and BaO sputtering yields by Ne+ or Xe+ ions (2011)

Barrier coating materials used in plasma display panel (PDP) cells strongly affect the discharge voltages. Although magnesium oxide (MgO) is widely used for barrier coating in the current generation of commercial PDP cells, other alkaline earth oxides have been studied as alternatives and indeed some of them are now known to have lower discharge breakdown voltages for PDP cells, which would increase the energy efficiency of the cells. On the other hand, the resistance against physical sputtering is another critical parameter for barrier coating. In this work, sputtering yields of CaO, SrO and BaO by monochromatic Ne or Xe ion beams are obtained experimentally as functions of beam energy in the range 100–300 eV. Despite the large differences in mass among the targets and incident ions, sputtering yields are found to be similar in magnitude among them for a given incident energy.
Sm2+ sensitization of Nd3+ solid state lasers (1986)

We have measured the Sm2→Nd3+ energy transfer efficiency in CaF2 and have found that the transfer ocurs through the dipole‐dipole interaction. Although efficiencies of 0.9 can be achieved with reasonable levels of Nd3+ doping, the Sm2+ luminescence begins to quench at T≳220K.
Laser-induced band-gap collapse in GaAs (1995)

We present experimentally determined values of the dielectric constant of GaAs at photon energies of 2.2 and 4.4 eV following excitation of the sample with 1.9-eV, 70-fs laser pulses spanning a fluence range from 0 to 2.5 kJ/${\mathrm{m}}^{2}$. The data show that the response of the dielectric constant to the excitation is dominated by changes in the electronic band structure and not by the optical susceptibility of the excited free carriers. The behavior of the dielectric constant indicates a drop in the average bonding-antibonding splitting of GaAs following the laser-pulse excitation. This drop in the average splitting leads to a collapse of the band gap on a picosecond time scale for excitation at fluences near the damage threshold of 1.0 kJ/${\mathrm{m}}^{2}$ and on a subpicosecond time scale at higher excitation fluences. The changes in the electronic band structure result from a combination of electronic screening of the ionic potential as well as structural deformation of the lattice caused by the destabilization of the covalent bonds.
Discrepancy-Based Networks for Unsupervised Domain Adaptation: A Comparative Study (2017)

Domain Adaptation (DA) exploits labeled data and models from similar domains in order to alleviate the annotation burden when learning a model in a new domain. Our contribution to the field is three-fold. First, we propose a new dataset, LandMarkDA, to study the adaptation between landmark place recognition models trained with different artistic image styles, such as photos, paintings and drawings. The new LandMarkDA proposes new adaptation challenges, where current deep architectures show their limits. Second, we propose an experimental study of recent shallow and deep adaptation networks, based on using Maximum Mean Discrepancy to bridge the domain gap. We study different design choices for these models by varying the network architectures and evaluate them on OFF31 and the new LandMarkDA collections. We show that shallow networks can still be competitive under an appropriate feature extraction. Finally, we also benchmark a new DA method that successfully combines the artistic image style-transfer with deep discrepancy-based networks.
Differentiation of Naturally Produced Extracellular Membrane Vesicles from Lipid Aggregation by Glucuronoxylomannan Immunogold Transmission Electron Microscopy in Bacillus subtilis (2015)

Recently, membrane vesicle (MV) production was described in Gram-positive bacteria, which harbor a variety of components such as toxins, antibiotic resistance proteins, proteases, DNA, and immune modulators. Free lipids have the ability to form micelles, thus it is important to rule out spontaneous association of lipids into vesicle-like structures and rather, that MVs are produced naturally by a metabolically active cell. Here, we describe a protocol utilizing the polysaccharide, glucuronoxylomannan (GXM) from <i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i> (<i>C. neoformans</i>) as a marker to differentiate naturally produced MVs from vesicles that form spontaneously in the Gram-positive model organism, <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (<i>B. subtilis</i>). MVs are purified from bacterial cultures grown in the presence of GXM; MVs naturally produced by cells would not contain GXM in the lumen whereas vesicular structures forming in the media could encapsulate GXM and this can be visualized via immunogold transmission electron microscopy.
CoV(t)-based Traffic and Queuing Modeling (2008)

Accurate performance evaluation and network dimensioning are required for the design and the deployment of new telecommunication networks based on packet-switching technologies (e.g., Ethernet, IP, G/T-MPLS, etc.). In this context, network engineers need simple, efficient and realistic traffic models. In this paper we investigate traffic modeling based on the coefficient of variation CoV(t) of the data rate observed at different time scales t. We derive a simplified CoV(t)-based traffic model, the novelty being that it requires only four parameters easily tunable with the following characteristics: the mean-rate mu, the link capacity C constraining the traffic, the Hurst parameter H and the transition time scale t <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> linked to the burst duration. Confronted to some real traffic traces, our model proves to be accurate. We illustrate how to use it in analytical performance calculation by applying it to the "ideal switch" case: thanks to our four-parameter simple model, one can derive formulas for node performance estimation or dimensioning. Finally, we propose a new fitting procedure that automatically translates the four-parameter traffic model of this paper into a superposition of Markov fluid ON-OFF sources, and that is simpler than already existing fitting procedures. This superposition can be used to generate traffic for packet switch simulations, simplifying the set-up of the test traffic to the specification of the four parameters we mentioned above.
Binding of fibronectin to alpha-granule-deficient platelets. (1983)

Most of the proposed functions for fibronectin involve its interaction with cells, yet the molecular nature of cellular fibronectin binding site(s) has remained obscure. Thrombin induces saturable platelet binding sites for plasma fibronectin and concurrently stimulates surface expression of a number of platelet alpha-granule constituents including thrombospondin and fibrin which are known to interact with fibronectin. To test the hypothesis that these (or other alpha-granule proteins) mediate plasma fibronectin binding, we used platelets of patients with the Gray Platelet Syndrome. These cells were deficient in thrombospondin, beta-thromboglobulin, platelet factor 4, fibronectin, and fibrinogen as measured in radioimmunoassay. They also had reduced von Willebrand factor content as judged by immunofluorescence. At plasma fibronectin inputs from 0.03 to 3 times the apparent kilodalton, these Gray platelets bound virtually identical quantities of fibronectin as normal cells. Thus, platelets containing 1,500 molecules of thrombospondin per platelet could bind more than 100,000 molecules of plasma fibronectin per cell following thrombin stimulation. These data preclude any simple model in which newly surface expressed thrombospondin (or other alpha-granule protein) functions as the major thrombin-stimulated plasma fibronectin receptor in this cell type.