gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spectral Imprints of Working Memory for Everyday Associations in the Frontoparietal Network (2019)

How does the human brain rapidly process incoming information in working memory? In growing divergence from a single-region focus on the prefrontal cortex (PFC), recent work argues for emphasis on how distributed neural networks are rapidly coordinated in support of this central neurocognitive function. Previously, we showed that working memory for everyday "what," "where," and "when" associations depends on multiplexed oscillatory systems, in which signals of different frequencies simultaneously link the PFC to parieto-occipital and medial temporal regions, pointing to a complex web of sub-second, bidirectional interactions. Here, we used direct brain recordings to delineate the frontoparietal oscillatory correlates of working memory with high spatiotemporal precision. Seven intracranial patients with electrodes simultaneously localized to prefrontal and parietal cortices performed a visuospatial working memory task that operationalizes the types of identity and spatiotemporal information we encounter every day. First, task-induced oscillations in the same delta-theta (2-7 Hz) and alpha-beta (9-24 Hz) frequency ranges previously identified using scalp electroencephalography (EEG) carried information about the contents of working memory. Second, maintenance was linked to directional connectivity from the parietal cortex to the PFC. However, presentation of the test prompt to cue identity, spatial, or temporal information changed delta-theta coordination from a unidirectional, parietal-led system to a bidirectional, frontoparietal system. Third, the processing of spatiotemporal information was more bidirectional in the delta-theta range than was the processing of identity information, where alpha-beta connectivity did not exhibit sensitivity to the contents of working memory. These findings implicate a bidirectional delta-theta mechanism for frontoparietal control over the contents of working memory.
Radiation Therapy and Breast Reconstruction: A Critical Review of the Literature (2009)

In patients who will receive or have already received postmastectomy radiation therapy, the optimal approach is delayed autologous tissue reconstruction after postmastectomy radiation therapy. If postmastectomy radiation therapy appears likely but may not be required, delayed-immediate reconstruction may be considered.
Palladium/Me3SiOTf‐Catalyzed Bis‐silylation of α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds Without Involving Oxidative Addition of Disilane. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Dithiocarbamates as universal reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer agents (2000)

Control of the radical polymerization of acrylates, styrene and vinyl acetate has been achieved by using novel dithiocarbamates as reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer agents. The key parameter for the control with N,N-disubstituted (A) or cyclic (B) dithiocarbamates was found to be the conjugation of the lone pair of electrons of the nitrogen atom with carbonyl or aromatic groups.
Choreoathetosis, congenital hypothyroidism and neonatal respiratory distress syndrome with intact NKX2‐1 (2012)

Mutations in the NK2 homeobox 1 gene (NKX2-1) cause a rare syndrome known as choreoathetosis, congenital hypothyroidism, and neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (OMIM 610978). Here we present the first reported patient with this condition caused by a 14q13.3 deletion which is adjacent to but does not interrupt NKX2-1, and review the literature on this condition. The infant presented at 23 months with a history of developmental delay, hyperkinesia, recurrent respiratory infections, neonatal respiratory distress, and hypothyroidism. Choreiform movements and delayed motor milestones were first noted at 6-8 months of age. TSH levels had been consistently elevated from 8 months of age. The clinical presentation was suggestive of an NKX2-1 mutation. Sequencing of all exons and splice site junctions of NKX2-1 was performed but was normal. Array CGH was then performed and a 3.29 Mb interstitial deletion at 14q13.1-q13.3 was detected. The distal region of loss of the deletion disrupted the surfactant associated 3 (SFTA3) gene but did disrupt NKX2-1. Findings were confirmed on high resolution SNP array and multiplex semiquanitative PCR. NKX2-1 encodes transcriptional factors involved in the developmental pathways for thyroid, lung, and brain. We hypothesize that the region centromeric to NKX2-1 is important for the normal functioning of this gene and when interrupted produces a phenotype that is typical of the choreoathetosis, congenital hypothyroidism, and neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, as seen in our patient. We conclude that deletions at 14q13.3 adjacent to but not involving NKX2-1 can cause choreoathetosis, congenital hypothyroidism, and neonatal respiratory distress syndrome.
Optically induced switching in CdZnTe (2003)

Summary form only given. Bulk CdTe has interesting optical properties around /spl lambda/=1.5 /spl mu/m, namely efficient photorefractivity and high electro-optic coefficient. The aim of this communication is to demonstrate that the activation time can be limited to the nanosecond range and long term polarization effects can be avoided by the use of a CdZnTe crystals as electro-optic material. The experiments were carried out with high resistivity, AM-cut CdZnTe single crystals.
Abnormal Zn diffusion along slip dislocation of InP/InGaAs/InP PIN photodiode (2002)

Crystal quality and dark current characteristics for InP/InGaAs/InP PIN Photodiode along slip dislocation of sulfur-doped InP substrate have been studied. We found for the first time that Zn is abnormally diffused on the surface of PIN-PD along slip dislocations in InP(S) substrate, which means that the PIN structure in the chip is partially destroyed.
A simple solar-blind photodiode for light near 200 nm useful for angle-locking nonlinear optical crystals (1989)

We describe a simple solar-blind split-cathode photodiode for use in controlling the orientation of a nonlinear optical cyrstal such as β-barium borate (BBO) to maintain optimum conversion of pump light to tunable ultraviolet radiation in the 200-nm region. This device avoids the need for any wavelength filtering and is rugged, inexpensive and easy to build.
Trapping and Detection of Single Molecules in Water (2009)

An innovative nanoprobe-based device that can measure and adjust the pH, can mimic biochemistry, can create microscale vortices in water, and can be used to trap single molecules is presented. Because the analytes in question to trap and detect are small in dimensions, we start by presenting scaling issues and challenging limitations for miniaturized chemical nanosensors. Advantages of using nanoprobes e.g., isolated nanowires, as the components in chemical sensing are discussed. How the observation of the physical property can beneficially change with isomorphic scaling is highlighted. Some of the technology-related constrains are presented for specific sensors. Solutions to overcome such problems are also given. Different aspects, e.g., sample size and sensitivity, for chemical sensing at the nanoscale are highlighted.
Organ‐mounted robot localization via function approximation (2018)

The RBF approximation provides accurate estimates of robot location instantaneously.
Epitope Specificity of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Antibody Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity [ADCC] Responses (2013)

Antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity [ADCC] has been suggested to play an important role in control of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 [HIV-1] viral load and protection from infection. ADCC antibody responses have been mapped to multiple linear and conformational epitopes within the HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins gp120 and gp41. Many epitopes targeted by antibodies that mediate ADCC overlap with those recognized by antibodies capable of virus neutralization. In addition, recent studies conducted with human monoclonal antibodies derived from HIV-1 infected individuals and HIV-1 vaccine-candidate vaccinees have identified a number of antibodies that lack the ability to capture primary HIV-1 isolates or mediate neutralizing activity, but are able to bind to the surface of infected CD4+ T cells and mediate ADCC. Of note, the conformational changes in the gp120 that may not exclusively relate to binding of the CD4 molecule are important in exposing epitopes recognized by ADCC responses. Here we discuss the HIV-1 envelope epitopes targeted by ADCC antibodies in the context of the potential protective capacities of ADCC.
Supplemental Figure Legend from Endothelial ALK1 Is a Therapeutic Target to Block Metastatic Dissemination of Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Legends for Supplemental Figures S1-S3.&lt;/p&gt;
Mechanism of action studies using a Smac mimetic reveal positive and negative roles of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) in TNFα signaling (2008)

SY26-04 The Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein (IAP) XIAP is an attractive therapeutic target for cancer since (a) it is highly expressed in many diverse tumor types, (b) it is a known negative regulator of caspases and thus, programmed cell death (c) extensive structural data is available for BIR3, the Caspase 9 inhibitory domain of XIAP bound to peptide fragments derived from a naturally occurring IAP antagonist Smac/Diablo (d) ablation of XIAP function in experimental systems, either genetically or with Smac mimetics, hypersensitizes tumor cells to cytotoxic chemotherapy and in some contexts is sufficient as a single agent to induce tumor cell apoptosis.  To elucidate the mechanism behind single agent activity of the Smac mimetic LBW242, an siRNA-based lethality rescue screen was performed. Multiple hits clustered in the TNFα signaling pathway and surprisingly, XIAP itself was found to be required for LBW242-mediated cell killing.  Structural and biophysical studies indicate that despite the fact that LBW242 was modeled after the Smac-peptide/XIAP BIR3 interaction, it binds CIAP1 more tightly than XIAP. This binding event induces proteosome-mediated degradation of CIAP1. Loss of CIAP1 in LBW242-sensitive tumor cell lines results in NFKB-mediated TNFα induction and facilitates TNFα-mediated apoptosis. XIAP was found to play a positive signaling role in NFKB transcriptional signaling. Further dissection of the role of IAP proteins in regulating NFKB signaling may shape clinical strategies for the testing of this new class of anti-cancer therapeutic.
Generalized Theory of Förster-Type Nonradiative Energy Transfer in Nanostructures with Mixed Dimensionality (2013)

Förster-type nonradiative energy transfer (NRET) is widely used, especially utilizing nanostructures in different combinations and configurations. However, the existing well-accepted Förster theory is only for the case of a single particle serving as a donor together with another particle serving as an acceptor. There are also other special cases previously studied; however, there is no complete picture and unified understanding. Therefore, there is a strong need for a complete theory that models Förster-type NRET for the cases of mixed dimensionality including all combinations and configurations. We report a generalized theory for the Förster-type NRET, which includes the derivation of the effective dielectric function due to the donor in different confinement geometries and the derivation of transfer rates distance dependencies due to the acceptor in different confinement geometries, resulting in a complete picture and understanding of the mixed dimensionality.
Short Paper: A Quantum Circuit Obfuscation Methodology for Security and Privacy (2021)

In the Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) realm, efficient quantum circuit compilation is critical to ensure successful computation. Several third-party compilers are improving the compilation times and depth/gate counts. Untrusted third parties or a particular version of a trusted compiler may allow an attacker to steal, clone, and/or reverse engineer the quantum circuit. We propose to obfuscate quantum circuits by employing dummy CNOT gates to prevent such threats. If the adversary clones the obfuscated design, he/she will get faulty results. We propose a metric-based dummy gate insertion process to ensure maximum corruption of functionality measured using Total Variation Distance (TVD) and validated using IBM’s noisy simulators. Our metric guided dummy gate insertion process achieves TVD of up to 28.83%, and performs 10.14% better than the average TVD and performs within 12.45% of the best obtainable TVD for the test benchmarks. The removal of dummy gates by the designer post-compilation to restore functionality as well as other finer details have been addressed.
Evolution of treatment paradigms in neovascular age-related macular degeneration: a review of real-world evidence (2020)

The aim of this work was to evaluate the contribution of real-world evidence (RWE) in changing anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy treatment practices and improving real-world treatment strategies for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD).A PubMed literature search was performed to review the large number of English-language studies conducted to investigate the real-world effectiveness of anti-VEGF (aflibercept and ranibizumab) treatment paradigms available for nAMD.The evidence for pro re nata (PRN), treat-and-extend (T&E) and fixed bimonthly dosing regimens for anti-VEGF treatment of nAMD were reviewed and findings are summarised. RWE demonstrated that T&E regimens optimise visual outcomes while reducing burden on patients, clinics and physicians, compared with both fixed-dose and PRN regimens.RWE has helped to develop and improve real-world treatment strategies in nAMD, with the aim of optimising visual outcomes and reducing treatment burden in clinical practice. Of the various regimens, a T&E regimen is most likely to adequately balance clinical outcomes and treatment burden for patients with nAMD.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Leucascandrolide A. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Portfolio (2013)

Different studies show that programmers are more interested in finding definitions of functions and their uses than variables, statements, or ordinary code fragments. Therefore, developers require support in finding relevant functions and determining how these functions are used. Unfortunately, existing code search engines do not provide enough of this support to developers, thus reducing the effectiveness of code reuse. We provide this support to programmers in a code search system called Portfolio that retrieves and visualizes relevant functions and their usages. We have built Portfolio using a combination of models that address surfing behavior of programmers and sharing related concepts among functions. We conducted two experiments: first, an experiment with 49 C/C++ programmers to compare Portfolio to Google Code Search and Koders using a standard methodology for evaluating information-retrieval-based engines; and second, an experiment with 19 Java programmers to compare Portfolio to Koders. The results show with strong statistical significance that users find more relevant functions with higher precision with Portfolio than with Google Code Search and Koders. We also show that by using PageRank, Portfolio is able to rank returned relevant functions more efficiently.
Optical and Scintillation Properties of Tb-Doped Rare-Earth Pyrosilicate Single Crystals (2022)

Series of 1.0% Terbium (Tb)-doped rare-earth pyrosilicate single crystals including Lu2Si2O7 (LPS), Y2Si2O7 (YPS), Gd2Si2O7 (GPS), and La2Si2O7 (LaPS) have been prepared by the floating-zone method. After the phase confirmation by powder X-ray diffraction, the properties are measured on both photoluminescence and scintillation aspects, including the photoluminescence emission contour graph and decay times, X-ray induced scintillation spectra and decay times, afterglow profiles, and the recently developed pulse height spectra for scintillators with millisecond decay time. The results indicate the multiple emissions from Tb3+ 4f-4f transition with the dominant emission at 540 nm (5D4 → 7F5) on both ultraviolet and X-ray excitation with the decay time around 2.6–5.6 and 1.3–3.2 ms, respectively. Under the γ-ray irradiation from 137Cs, the Tb-doped LPS, YPS, GPS, and LaPS have presented scintillation light yields of 20,700, 29,600, 95,600, and 47,700 ph/MeV with ±10%, respectively, which considerably very high among the oxide scintillators.
Distributed boosting for cloud detection (2016)

The SPOT 6-7 satellite ground segment includes a systematic and automatic cloud detection step in order to feed a catalogue with a binary cloud mask and an appropriate confidence measure. In order to significantly improve the SPOT cloud detection and get rid of frequent manual re-labelings, we study a new automatic cloud detection technique that is adapted to large datasets. The proposed method is based on a modified distributed boosting algorithm. Experiments conducted using the framework Apache Spark on a SPOT 6 image database with various landscapes and cloud coverage show promising results.
Plasmonic photocatalysis (2013)

Plasmonic photocatalysis has recently facilitated the rapid progress in enhancing photocatalytic efficiency under visible light irradiation, increasing the prospect of using sunlight for environmental and energy applications such as wastewater treatment, water splitting and carbon dioxide reduction. Plasmonic photocatalysis makes use of noble metal nanoparticles dispersed into semiconductor photocatalysts and possesses two prominent features-a Schottky junction and localized surface plasmonic resonance (LSPR). The former is of benefit to charge separation and transfer whereas the latter contributes to the strong absorption of visible light and the excitation of active charge carriers. This article aims to provide a systematic study of the fundamental physical mechanisms of plasmonic photocatalysis and to rationalize many experimental observations. In particular, we show that LSPR could boost the generation of electrons and holes in semiconductor photocatalysts through two different effects-the LSPR sensitization effect and the LSPR-powered bandgap breaking effect. By classifying the plasmonic photocatalytic systems in terms of their contact form and irradiation state, we show that the enhancement effects on different properties of photocatalysis can be well-explained and systematized. Moreover, we identify popular material systems of plasmonic photocatalysis that have shown excellent performance and elucidate their key features in the context of our proposed mechanisms and classifications.
Diabetes Increases the Vulnerability of the Cardiac Mitochondrial Network to Criticality (2020)

Mitochondrial criticality describes a state in which the mitochondrial cardiac network under intense oxidative stress becomes very sensitive to small perturbations, leading from local to cell-wide depolarization and synchronized oscillations that may escalate to the myocardial syncytium generating arrhythmias. Herein, we describe the occurrence of mitochondrial criticality in the chronic setting of a metabolic disorder, type 1 diabetes (T1DM), using a streptozotocin (STZ)-treated guinea pig (GP) animal model. Using wavelet analysis of mitochondrial networks from two-photon microscopy imaging of cardiac myocytes loaded with a fluorescent probe of the mitochondrial membrane potential, we show that cardiomyocytes from T1DM GPs are closer to criticality, making them more vulnerable to cell-wide mitochondrial oscillations as can be judged by the latency period to trigger oscillations after a laser flash perturbation, and their propensity to oscillate. Insulin treatment of T1DM GPs rescued cardiac myocytes to sham control levels of susceptibility, a protective condition that could also be attained with interventions leading to improvement of the cellular redox environment such as preincubation of diabetic cardiac myocytes with the lipid palmitate or a cell-permeable form of glutathione, in the presence of glucose.
Energy-efficient dynamic memory allocators at the middleware level of embedded systems (2006)

The next generation of embedded systems will be dominated by mobile devices, which are able to deliver communications and rich multimedia content anytime, anywhere. The major themes in these ubiquitous computing systems are applications with increased user control and interactivity with the environment. Therefore, the storage of dynamic data increases, thus making the dynamic memory allocation of heap data at run time a very important component with heavy energy consumption. In this paper, we propose a novel script, which heavily customizes the dynamic memory allocator according to the target application domain and the underlying memory hier-archy of the embedded system. The dynamic memory allocator resides in the middleware level or in the Operating System level (whenever it is available). The result of our script and automated tools is the reduction of energy consumption by 72% on average and the reduction of the execution time by 40% on average, which is demonstrated with the use of 1 real life wireless network appli-cation and 1 multimedia application.
Insights into the durability of Co–Fe spinel oxygen evolution electrocatalystsvia operandostudies of the catalyst structure (2018)

Utilization of<italic>in situ</italic>/<italic>operando</italic>techniques for establishing the chemical/structural changes induced on Co–Fe spinels that determine their OER durability.
Deep Adaptive Aec: Hybrid of Deep Learning and Adaptive Acoustic Echo Cancellation (2022)

In this paper we integrate classic adaptive filtering algorithms with modern deep learning to propose a new approach called deep adaptive AEC. The main idea is to represent the linear adaptive algorithm as a differentiable layer within a deep neural network (DNN) framework. This enables the gradients to flow through the adaptive layer during back propagation and the inner layers of the DNN are trained to estimate the playback reference signal and the time-varying learning factors. The proposed approach combines the power of DNNs with adaptive filters. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed method in scenarios where the echo path changes continuously and signal-to-echo ratio (SER) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) are low. Furthermore, compared to fully DNN-based baseline methods, integrating adaptive algorithm consistently improves performance and leads to easier training using smaller models.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Dihydroxylation of Alkenes Using Silica Gel Supported Cinchona Alkaloid. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.