gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MO-D-T-6E-05: Biological Optimization of Fractionated IMRT Using Fraction Groups (2005)

Purpose: To describe software for biological optimization of fractionated IMRT where the fluence profiles are not restricted to be identical for all fractions and to investigate the impact of fractionated time-dependent response functions on the optimization result. Method and Materials: If the fluence profiles of all beams in every fraction are optimized the number of variables is proportional to the number of fractions. Each new fraction consumes memory and slows down the optimization. In order to reduce the number of variables similar fractions are assigned to the same fraction group. The same fluence profile is delivered for every fraction in a fraction group. To test the method the Poisson-LQ model is extended with a time-dependent bi-exponential repair model. Results: In all tests the NTCP was minimized while the TCP was kept constant. If the time between consecutive fractions is long enough to cause complete repair there is not much gain in optimizing several fraction groups. In the case of incomplete repair, the NTCP was reduced by assigning Monday morning and Friday afternoon to a second fraction group. Adding more fraction groups did not improve the response significantly. Conclusion: The use of fraction groups enables an efficient implementation of IMRT-optimization of a fractionated treatment and makes it possible to study time-dependent biological models. In the case of Poisson-LQ with repair, two fraction groups can improve the biological response. This is only true in the case of incomplete repair and the impact of the fractionation depends on the repair half times. Conflict of Interest: Some of the authors are employees and some are stock owners of the submitting company.
<title>Polyplanar optical display</title> (1997)

The polyplanar optical display (POD) is a unique display screen which can be use with any projection source. This display screen is 2 inches thick and has a matte black face which allows for high contrast images. The prototype being developed is a form, fit and functional replacement display for the B-52 aircraft which uses a monochrome ten-inch display. The new display uses a 100 milliwatt green solid state laser as its optical source. In order to produce real- time video, the laser light is being modulated by a digital light processing (DLP) chip manufactured by Texas Instruments, Inc. A variable astigmatic focusing system is used to produce a stigmatic image on the viewing face of the POD. In addition to the optical design, we discuss the electronic interfacing to the DLP chip, the opto-mechanical design and viewing angle characteristics.
Effects of Sb and Zn Addition on Impact Resistance Improvement of Sn-Bi Solder Joints (2013)

We investigated the effect of adding Sb and Zn on improving the impact resistance of Sn-Bi solder joints. Sn-57Bi-0.5Sb-0.5Zn showed a better resistance property than did Sn-58Bi, Sn-57Bi-1Ag, and Sn-57.5Bi-0.5Sb against package drop tests. Sn-57Bi-0.5Sb-0.5Zn had a resistance increase of less than 10% even when annealed at 125 °C, and the other three had an increase of more than 200 %. It is thought that the fall-proof characteristic greatly improved because the formation of a brittle Bi rich layer was controlled by the existing Cu5Zn8 layer formed at the joint interface after high temperature soaking.
Eventually consistent (2014)

Methods of quantifying consistency (or lack thereof) in eventually consistent storage systems.
Genomic heterogeneity and ploidy identify patients with intrinsic resistance to PD-1 blockade in metastatic melanoma (2022)

Abstract While the introduction of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has dramatically improved clinical outcomes for patients with advanced melanoma, a significant proportion of patients develop resistance to therapy, and mechanisms of resistance are poorly elucidated in most cases. Further, while combination ICB has higher response rates and improved progression free survival compared to single agent therapy in the front line setting, there is significantly increased toxicity with combination ICB, and biomarkers to identify patients who would disproportionately benefit from combination therapy vs aPD-1 ICB are poorly characterized. To understand resistance mechanisms to single vs combination ICB therapy, we analyze whole-exome-sequencing (WES) of pre-treatment tumor and matched normals of 4 cohorts (n=140) of previously ICB-naïve aPD-1 ICB treated patients. We find that high intratumoral genomic heterogeneity and low ploidy identify patients with intrinsic resistance to aPD-1 ICB. Comparing to a melanoma cohort from a pre-targeted therapy and ICB time period (“untreated” cohort), we find that genomic heterogeneity specifically predicts response and survival in the ICB treated cohorts, but not in the untreated cohort, while ploidy is also prognostic of overall survival in the “untreated” (by targeted therapy or ICB) group. To establish clinically actionable predictions, we optimize a simple decision tree using genomic ploidy and heterogeneity to identify with high confidence (90% PPV) a subset of patients with intrinsic resistance to and significantly worse survival on aPD1 ICB treatment. We then validate this model in independent cohorts, and further show that a significant proportion of patients predicted to have intrinsic resistance to single agent aPD-1 ICB respond to combination ICB, which suggests that nominated patients may benefit disproportionately from combination ICB. We further show that the features and predictions of the model are independent of known clinical features and previously nominated molecular biomarkers. These findings highlight the clinical and biological importance of genomic heterogeneity and ploidy, and sets a concrete framework towards clinical actionability, broadly advancing precision medicine in oncology.
Metal-organic chemical-vapor deposition of (Ba,Sr)TiO3: Nucleation and growth on Pt-(111) (2005)

Thin films of the (BaxSr1−x)TiO3 (BST) solid solution series were grown by metal-organic chemical-vapor deposition (MOCVD) on platinized silicon wafers with emphasis to (Ba0.7Sr0.3)TiO3 and SrTiO3. The nucleation behavior and the size of the stable nuclei were investigated by different scanning probe microscope techniques including local conductivity scanning. The characteristic differences were observed for different deposition temperatures, i.e., a homogeneous nucleation of small BST grains on the larger Pt grains at 565 °C and a dominating grain-boundary nucleation at 655 °C. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicates a stoichiometric composition from the beginning. The microstructural evolution was investigated by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and revealed randomly oriented grains (typical in-plane size 10–20 nm) with a high density of twins at 565 °C and (100)-oriented defect-free grains of slightly increased size at 655 °C. This remarkably stable (100) texture seems specific for MOCVD as it is not observed for other deposition methods. The grain structure and surface morphology and their dependence on film stoichiometry (group-II/Ti ratio) are investigated. The relation between the structural and the electrical properties, capacitance, and leakage current, is finally discussed.
A New Design Approach for Steer-By-Wire System by Dual-Port System (2002)

SUMMARYThe Dual-Port system, by which both the steering angle and the steering torque can be physically described as the functions of the steering wheel angle and the self-aligning torque, was proposed as a new design approach for a Steer-By-Wire system. This paper shows four examples of steering angle controller design. After that, to evaluate the controllers, the computer simulations and the experiments using fixed-base driving simulator were conducted. From the simulation and experiment results, the vehicle becomes more stable at high velocity if the yaw rate gain decreases. However, if the yaw rate gain is reduced too much, the vehicle becomes dull to turn and difficult to drive. Finally, we found that, by using the Dual-Port system, Steer-By-Wire controllers could be, systematically, designed and developed.
Point-of-care measurements reveal release of purines into venous blood of stroke patients (2019)

Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability. Here, we examine whether point-of-care measurement of the purines, adenosine, inosine and hypoxanthine, which are downstream metabolites of ATP, has potential to assist the diagnosis of stroke. In a prospective observational study, patients who were suspected of having had a stroke, within 4.5 h of symptom onset and still displaying focal neurological symptoms at admission, were recruited. Clinical research staff in the Emergency Departments of two hospitals used a prototype biosensor array, SMARTCap, to measure the purines in the venous blood of stroke patients and healthy controls. In controls, the baseline purines were 7.1 ± (SD) 4.2 μM (n = 52), while in stroke patients, they were 11.6 ± 8.9 μM (n = 76). Using the National Institutes for Stoke Scale (NIHSS) to band the severity of stroke, we found that minor, moderate and severe strokes all gave significant elevation of blood purines above the controls. The purine levels fall over 24 h. This was most marked for patients with haemorrhagic strokes (5.1 ± 3.6 μM, n = 9 after 24 h). The purine levels measured on admission show a significant correlation with the volume of affected brain tissue determined by medical imaging in patients who had not received thrombolysis or mechanical thrombectomy. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02308605.
Large cell/anaplastic medulloblastomas and medullomyoblastomas: clinicopathological and genetic features (2001)

A high percentage of LC/A medulloblastomas arise within a background of typical medulloblastomas or medullomyoblastomas. As is the case in conventional medulloblastomas, the presence of 17q is a common early tumorigenic event; however, in a significant percentage of specimens there is also evidence of aneuploidy and/or amplification of c-myc. These findings indicate that LC/A morphological characteristics reflect a more advanced tumor stage than that found in pure medulloblastomas or in typical medullomyoblastomas.
Integrating Immigrants through the Policy of Multiculturalism as a State’s New Response to the Sovereignty Challenge (2006)

Today the EU and Canada experience a significant international migration inflow that requires a delicate treatment on the government side which would not contradict with these countries’ adherence to a liberal nation-state idea. The non-ratification of the EU Constitution precluded the creation of a common immigration policy that could facilitate and level the social integration of immigrants within the EU member states that currently have different historically shaped strategies towards the newcomers. Even though the legal and economic barriers for immigration and naturalization have been reasonably decreased over the past decades across the EU, the legacies of nationalizing citizenship laws are still persistent and immigrants are expected to integrate into the host cultures. These path dependent repercussions contradict the idea of a liberal nation-state and erect the second level barriers (besides legal and economic ones) for integration of immigrants into the host societies. These cultural barriers are more persistent in the social consciousness than the institutionalized ones, which is a reason for why liberalizing laws are not the most effective means for facilitating the immigrants’ integration into the host societies. This situation of intensive immigration combined with the low opportunities for social integration gives grounds to instability and dissatisfaction within certain social groups in the EU. This paper investigates how multiculturalism policy in Canada contributes to a higher level of immigrants’ integration into Canadian society as compared to the EU memberstates. Moreover, the novel information from the Centre of Excellence for the Study of Immigration at Simon Fraser University suggests that maintenance of immigrant ethnicities contributes to the overall economic success of a country, which is another reason for the introducing multiculturalism and a common EU immigration policy.
Association of polymorphisms in the Interleukin 23 receptor gene with osteonecrosis of femoral head in Korean population (2008)

Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is known as death of the cellular portion of the femoral head due to an interruption in the vascular supply. The underlying pathophysiology regarding bone cell death remains uncertain. Recently, several studies have shown that autoimmune disorders were related to the development of osteonecrosis. This study investigated the genetic effects of Interleukin 23 receptor (IL23R) polymorphisms regarding the risk of ONFH. Ten SNPs were selected and genotyped in 443 ONFH patients and 273 control subjects in order to perform the genetic association analysis. It was found that polymorphisms of the IL23R gene (rs4655686, rs1569922 and rs7539625) were significantly associated with an increased risk of ONFH (P values; 0.0198-0.0447, OR; 1.30-1.49). Particularly, a stratified analysis based on etiology (alcohol, steroid or idiopathic) showed that the associations between these polymorphisms and ONFH were most significant in idiopathic ONFH patients (P values; 0.0001-0.0150, OR; 1.45-2.17). These results suggest that IL23R polymorphisms may play an important role in the development of ONFH.
MxA protein in capillary blood of children with viral infections (1999)

Capillary blood of febrile children was lysed by using a lysis buffer containing ascorbic acid. MxA quantitation was performed by an immunochemiluminescent assay. The MxA values were significantly higher in capillary blood of infants with viral infections due to adenovirus (n = 5), rotavirus (n = 15), or respiratory syncytial virus (n = 28), than in capillary whole blood from infants with bacterial infections (n = 6) and healthy control patients (n = 20). A strong correlation was found between the MxA values in capillary whole blood and peripheral whole blood (r' = 0.86, P < 0.0001, n = 48). The MxA values found at these two sites were compared with the levels of IFN-alpha obtained by a dissociation enhanced lanthanide fluoroimmunoassay. A correlation between these two values was found. The results show that the combination of collection of blood by finger prick and specific immunochemiluminescent assay for MxA protein measurement may be of value for the diagnosis of viral infections in children.
The tumour microenvironment shapes dendritic cell plasticity in a human organotypic melanoma culture (2020)

The tumour microenvironment (TME) forms a major obstacle in effective cancer treatment and for clinical success of immunotherapy. Conventional co-cultures have shed light onto multiple aspects of cancer immunobiology, but they are limited by the lack of physiological complexity. We develop a human organotypic skin melanoma culture (OMC) that allows real-time study of host-malignant cell interactions within a multicellular tissue architecture. By co-culturing decellularized dermis with keratinocytes, fibroblasts and immune cells in the presence of melanoma cells, we generate a reconstructed TME that closely resembles tumour growth as observed in human lesions and supports cell survival and function. We demonstrate that the OMC is suitable and outperforms conventional 2D co-cultures for the study of TME-imprinting mechanisms. Within the OMC, we observe the tumour-driven conversion of cDC2s into CD14<sup>+</sup> DCs, characterized by an immunosuppressive phenotype. The OMC provides a valuable approach to study how a TME affects the immune system.
[A case of imperforate hymen with hematocolpos in an adolescent]. (1995)

A case of imperforate hymen with hematocolpos in adolescent with recurrent abdominal pain is described. The Authors emphasize the utility of echographic investigation and the psychological importance of this problem in adolescent age.
Rate-splitting for the deterministic broadcast channel (2005)

We show that the deterministic broadcast channel, where a single source transmits to M receivers across a deterministic mechanism, may be reduced, via a rate-splitting transformation, to another (2M - 1)-receiver deterministic broadcast channel problem where a successive encoding approach suffices. Analogous to rate-splitting for the multiple access channel and source-splitting for the Slepian-Wolf problem, all achievable rates (including non-vertices) apply. This amounts to significant complexity reduction at the encoder
Supplementary Figures 1-6, Table 1 from G-Quadruplexes Induce Apoptosis in Tumor Cells (2023)

Supplementary Figures 1-6, Table 1 from G-Quadruplexes Induce Apoptosis in Tumor Cells
Intermittent Hypoxia and Stem Cell Implants Preserve Breathing Capacity in a Rodent Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (2012)

AIH-induced respiratory plasticity and stem cell therapy have complementary translational potential to treat breathing deficits in patients with ALS.
Use of the Fluidigm C1 platform for RNA sequencing of single mouse pancreatic islet cells (2016)

This study provides an assessment of the Fluidigm C1 platform for RNA sequencing of single mouse pancreatic islet cells. The system combines microfluidic technology and nanoliter-scale reactions. We sequenced 622 cells, allowing identification of 341 islet cells with high-quality gene expression profiles. The cells clustered into populations of α-cells (5%), β-cells (92%), δ-cells (1%), and pancreatic polypeptide cells (2%). We identified cell-type-specific transcription factors and pathways primarily involved in nutrient sensing and oxidation and cell signaling. Unexpectedly, 281 cells had to be removed from the analysis due to low viability, low sequencing quality, or contamination resulting in the detection of more than one islet hormone. Collectively, we provide a resource for identification of high-quality gene expression datasets to help expand insights into genes and pathways characterizing islet cell types. We reveal limitations in the C1 Fluidigm cell capture process resulting in contaminated cells with altered gene expression patterns. This calls for caution when interpreting single-cell transcriptomics data using the C1 Fluidigm system.
“Click” Incorporation of Radical/Ionic Sites into a Reactive Block Copolymer: A Facile and On‐Demand Domain Functionalization Approach toward Organic Resistive Memory (2015)

Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization yields reactive block copolymers bearing the pentafluorophenyl ester (PFPA) group, and subsequent Click amidation using 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl- and imidazolium-functionalized primary amines produces the corresponding functional block copolymers, leading to installation of statistical radical- and ionic sites into the PFPA segment. The monolayered thin film devices fabricated using the obtained block copolymers exhibit repeatable switching of electric conductivity (on/off ratio > 10<sup>3</sup> ) under a bias voltage, which reveals that the coexistence of radicals and ions in the same spherical domain of the copolymer layer is a prerequisite for repeatable switching memory.
Quantitative Elastography of Liver Fibrosis and Spleen Stiffness in Chronic Hepatitis B Carriers: Comparison of Shear-Wave Elastography and Transient Elastography with Liver Biopsy Correlation (2013)

Purpose To document utility of shear-wave (SW) elastography for assessing liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B and to compare its performance with that of transient elastography. Materials and Methods Ethics committee approved the study, and informed consent was obtained. Patients with liver biopsy correlation (n = 226) and healthy patients (n = 171) were analyzed. Results of SW elastography of liver, SW elastography of spleen, and transient elastography of liver were compared and correlated according to METAVIR scores. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUCs), binary logistic regression, and Delong test were used. Results AUC for SW elastography of liver, transient elastography of liver, and SW elastography of spleen was, respectively, 0.86, 0.80, and 0.81 for fibrosis (≥F1 stage); 0.88, 0.78, and 0.82 for moderate fibrosis (≥F2 stage); 0.93, 0.83, and 0.83 for severe fibrosis (≥F3 stage); and 0.98, 0.92, and 0.84 for cirrhosis (F4 stage). SW elastography of liver showed significantly higher accuracy than transient elastography of liver and SW elastography of spleen in all fibrosis stages (P = .01–.04). SW elastography of spleen showed similar accuracy with transient elastography of liver (P = .21–.99). Combination SW elastography of liver and SW elastography of spleen to predict fibrosis staging showed diagnostic accuracy not further improved compared with SW elastography of liver alone (similar AUC; ≥F1, P = .87; ≥F2, P = .81; ≥F3, P = .84; ≥F4, P = .88). SW elastography of liver had higher successful rate than transient elastography of liver (98.9% vs 89.6%). Prevalence of discordance in at least two stages with liver histologic staging was 10.2% (23 of 226) for SW elastography of liver and 28.2% (58 of 206) for SW elastography of spleen. Conclusion SW elastography provides more accurate correlation of liver elasticity with liver fibrosis stage compared with transient elastography, especially in identification of stage F2 or greater. © RSNA, 2013
P‐228: Late‐News‐Poster: Compositional Effects of Crosslinkable Hole‐Transport Materials on the Performance of Solution‐Processed OLEDs (2020)

In order to improve mobility, we can blend linear HTM (hole transfer material) with high mobility polymer to crosslinked polymer prepared as a semi‐IPN (inter‐penetrating network) form to realize highly efficient solution processed OLEDs. However, we cannot ensure a reproducibility of the devices because a non‐crosslinked linear polymer, poly(9,9‐dioctylfluorene‐co‐N‐(4‐butylphenyl)di‐phenylamine) (TFB) or poly(N,N′‐bis‐4‐butylphenyl‐ N,N′‐bisphenyl)benzidine (poly‐TPD) could be still miscible with emitting layer (EML) at their successive wet processes. To overcome this problem, we attempted to eliminate intermixing by crosslinking organic soluble linear HTM polymers by adding a nitrene type photo‐crosslinking agent inside the HTM solution.