gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rational Molecular Design Overcoming the Long Delayed Fluorescence Lifetime and Serious Efficiency Roll‐Off in Blue Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescent Devices (2018)

Blue thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) devices with short excited-state lifetime, high reverse intersystem crossing rate, and low-efficiency roll-off were developed by managing the molecular structure of donor-acceptor-type blue emitters. Three isomers of blue TADF emitters with a diphenyltriazine acceptor and three carbazole donors were synthesized. The position of the donor moieties in the phenyl linker connecting the donor and acceptor moieties was controlled to devise compounds with a short delayed fluorescence lifetime. A blue TADF emitter with three carbazole donors at 2-, 3-, and 4- positions of a phenyl linker shortened the excited state lifetime to 4.1 μs, showed a high external quantum efficiency of 20.4 %, and low efficiency roll-off of less than 10 % at 1000 cd m<sup>-2</sup> . Therefore, a molecular design distorting the donors by aligning them in a consecutive way is useful to resolve the issues of long delayed fluorescence lifetime and efficiency roll-off of blue TADF devices.
Stabilization of Epoxy-Based Polymer-Dispersed Liquid Crystal Films by Addition of Excess Hardener (1993)

Abstract Polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) films whose matrices consist of two-component epoxy resins have been studied. Their driving voltage and response time depend on the epoxy oligomer/hardener ratio in the epoxy resin. When an excess of the hardener (polythiol) is mixed in the epoxy resin, PDLC films which have the following superior properties have been successfully fabricated. 1) The driving voltages are lower than that of the PDLC film which contain an equal amount of the epoxy oligomer and the hardener. 2) The driving voltage and response time do not change with time. On the other hand, when an equal amount of the oligomer and the hardener are mixed in the epoxy resin, the driving voltage and response time of the PDLC film vary with the time. The driving voltage change of the PDLC films is related to the change of their admittance by the use of a two-phase model, in which spherical droplets are dispersed in the matrix.
QoE-aware Video Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (2021)

In recent years, the demand for video streaming over Internet has been increasing so as it exceeds the responsiveness of the network infrastructure. Beside improving the network infrastructure, the improvement of adaptive streaming algorithms to users’ conditions is also very important to provide the highest possible Quality of Experience (QoE) to users. In this paper, we propose a new adaptive streaming algorithm that employs a QoE model to make adaptation decisions and flexibly change the number of next adaptation segments based on the current state of the network and of the client towards obtaining the highest QoE. Based on experimental results, it is shown that the proposed algorithm offers significantly higher QoE values up to 2.67 MOS in comparison with four existing algorithms.
Enhancing the Effectiveness of Similarity-Based Virtual Screening Using Nearest-Neighbor Information (2005)

We test the hypothesis that fusing the outputs of similarity searches based on a single bioactive reference structure and on its nearest neighbors (of unknown activity) is more effective (in terms of numbers of high-ranked active structures) than a similarity search involving just the reference structure. This turbo similarity searching approach provides a simple way to enhance the effectiveness of simulated virtual screening searches of the MDL Drug Data Report database.
Comparative Immunogenicity of Vaccines Prepared from Capsular Polysaccharides of Group C Neisseria meningitidis O.Acetyl.Positive and O.Acetyl.Negative Variants and Escherichia coli K92 in Adult Volunteers (1979)

Three structurally and antigenically similar capsular polysaccharides, two derived from group C Neisseria meningitidis (O-acetyl-positive and O-acetyl-negative variants) and one from Escherichia coli K92, which cross-reacts with polysaccharide from group C N. meningitidis, were compared for their ability to induce anticapsular and bactericidal antibodies to group C N. meningitidis in adult volunteers. All three vaccines elicited group C-specific serum antibodies. The vaccine derived from the O-acetyl-negative variant was the most immunogenic of the three vaccines. With use of radiolabeled O-acetyl-positive group C N. meningitidis polysaccharide antigen, the geometric mean titers of antibody in serum were 41.7 microgram/ml to the O-acetyl-negative variant, 22.8 microgram/ml to the O-acetyl-positive variant, and 7.1 microgram/ml to E. coli K92. Antibodies induced by all three vaccines were bactericidal for both of the group C N. meningitidis polysaccharide variants. An inverse relation between the comparative immunogenicity of the O-acetyl-negative polysaccharide and the virulence of group C N. meningitidis was found.
CAR Talk: How Cancer-Specific CAR T Cells Can Instruct How to Build CAR T Cells to Cure HIV (2019)

Re-directing T cells via chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) was first tested in HIV-infected individuals with limited success, but these pioneering studies laid the groundwork for the clinically successful CD19 CARs that were recently FDA approved. Now there is great interest in revisiting the concept of using CAR-expressing T cells as part of a strategy to cure HIV. Many lessons have been learned on how to best engineer T cells to cure cancer, but not all of these lessons apply when developing CARs to treat and cure HIV. This mini review will focus on how early CAR T cell studies in HIV paved the way for cancer CAR T cell therapy and how progress in cancer CAR therapy has and will continue to be instructive for the development of HIV CAR T cell therapy. Additionally, the unique challenges that must be overcome to develop a successful HIV CAR T cell therapy will be highlighted.
SCS-Syngenta Symposium 2015: Chirality, Upsides for Chemical Innovation (2016)

University of Groningen, NL) opened the day with a lecture on asymmetric catalysis and in particular monodentate phosphoramidite ligands for the addition of organozinc-, organomagnesium-and organolithium reagents to electrophiles. Complete regio-and enantioselectivity were achieved in Michael-addition to ,-unsaturated carbonyl compounds and also in Sn2/Sn2' reactions. He went on to present a new catalytic method for the direct cross-coupling of organolithium reagents with aryl halides using classical palladium catalysis under well-defined solvent and temperature conditions. The lecture concluded with a detour in supramolecular chemistry and the amplification of chirality using light-induced molecular switches.
Introduction to new memory paradigms: memristive phenomena and neuromorphic applications (2019)

This article provides a brief introduction to the Faraday Discussion "New memory paradigms: memristive phenomena and neuromorphic applications" held in Aachen, Germany, 15-17 October 2018. It will cover basic definitions of memristive switching elements, their main switching modes, and their most important performance parameters as well as applications in neuromorphic computing. The article comprises parts from the following sources: General Introduction and Introduction to Part V of Nanoelectronics and Information Technology, ed. R. Waser, Wiley-VCH, 2012; Chapter 4 of Nanotechnology: Volume 3: Information Technology I, ed. R. Waser, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2008; Chapters 3-9 of Emerging Nanoelectronic Devices, ed. A. Chen, J. Hutchby, V. Zhirnov and G. Bourianoff, Wiley, 2015; Chapter 1 of Resistive Switching, ed. D. Ielmini and R. Waser, Wiley-VCH, 2016 (with permission by Wiley-VCH).
The 4th International Workshop on Software Engineering for HPC in Computational Science and Engineering (2017)

Despite the increasing demand for utilizing high-performance computing (HPC) for CSE applications, software development for HPC historically attracted little attention from the software engineering (SE) community. Paradoxically, the HPC CSE community has increasingly been adopting SE techniques and tools. Indeed, the development of CSE software for HPC differs significantly from the development of more traditional business information systems, from which many SE best practices and tools have been drawn. The workshop summarized in this column, the fourth in the series to be collocated with the Supercomputing conference series, examined two main topics: testing and tradeoffs. Through presentations of work in this area and structured group discussions, the participants highlighted some of the key issues, as well as indicated the direction the community needs to go. In particular, there is a need for more high-quality research in this area that we can use as an evidence base to help developers of CSE applications change practice and benefit from advances in software engineering.
Optical Compensation Profiling in Direct-Gap Epitaxial Layers (1977)

The application of an optical method for the determination of the compensation in direct-gap semiconductors is demonstrated. The method is based on the analysis of the lineshape functions of optical transitions from the conduction band and from donor levels to shallow acceptor states. As an example, the evaluation of compensation profiles in Gallium Arsenide epitaxial layers is shown. A discussion is given of the comparison between the compensation data obtained from electrical and from optical measurements.
Electromagnetic induction by ocean currents and the conductivity of the oceanic lithosphere. (1983)

The principles of electromagnetic induction in the earth by ocean currents are reviewed with an emphasis on their interaction with the conducting earth and their modal structure. This is illustrated theoretically by examining a Kelvin wave off of the California coast and experimentally by separating seafloor measurements into ionospheric and oceanic parts. An attempt is made to estimate the electrical conductivity of the oceanic lithosphere from the polarization of the magnetotelluric fields near coastlines, yielding an upper limit of 0.001S/m. Possible interpretations of this value in terms of local current channeling are discussed.
A Method of Introducing Multipath TCP to Mobile Core Networks and Its Evaluations (2016)

The number of mobile terminals that have both a cellular interface and a Wi-Fi interface has been growing in the recent years. Meanwhile, Multipath TCP (MPTCP) that enables the simultaneous use of multiple paths with multiple TCP flows while showing just one regular TCP connection with the application has been standardized by the IETF and has drawn more attention recently. One feature of MPTCP is that it can be realized only by operating system layers supporting multipath communication without any modifications of the application. However, it might be difficult to install MPTCP in all server operating systems. In this paper, we propose a method for applying a proxy that forwards TCP communication from a server to MPTCP communication on a mobile core network, and show the results of evaluation with the existing equipment.
Chemical generation of checkpoint inhibitory T cell engagers (CiTEs) for the treatment of cancer (2022)

Bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) provide enticing therapeutic opportunities in the area of immunotherapy, especially in the field of immuno-oncology. These constructs can bind two separate antigenic epitopes and thus provide access to unique mechanisms of action (MoAs). A key MoA is unlocked by bispecific T cell engagers (BiTEs), which cause T cells to be cross-linked with a targeted cancer cell, ultimately leading to death of the targeted cell. It has been shown that the combination of a BiTE with checkpoint inhibition, such as blockade of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway, can lead to a synergistic effect and greater efficacy. Constructs built from a BiTE core (anti-CD3/anti-cancer antigen) with an immunomodulatory protein added, have been dubbed checkpoint-inhibitory T cell-engagers (CiTEs). Both bsAbs and CiTEs have traditionally been generated via protein engineering. However, recently, improved chemical methods for the construction of bsAbs have been reported. This includes a strategy developed by the Chudasama and Baker groups to synthesize homogenous fragment-based bsAbs from antibodies’ fragments antigen binding (Fabs), utilising click-enabled pyridazinediones (PDs) for functional disulfide re-bridging, followed by strain-promoted inverse electron-demand Diels-Alder cycloaddition (SPIEDAC) click chemistry to attach the two Fabs to each other. In this paper, we describe a first-in-class chemical method to generate biotin-functionalized three-protein conjugates, building significantly on the previously described PD-method. The three-protein constructs generated here include two such CiTE molecules, one containing an anti-PD-1 Fab, the other containing an immunomodulatory enzyme Salmonella typhimurium sialidase; FabCD3-FabHER2-FabPD-1-Biotin and FabHER2-FabCD3-Sia-Biotin. These constructs (along with suitable controls) were tested for their biological activity, and each of their protein components were shown to retain their function. Their efficacy was also compared to a simpler BiTE scaffold and was shown to be superior, with the sialidase-containing CiTE especially showing significantly enhanced potency in vitro. The chemical method described here has the potential to enable the rapid generation of a plethora of multi-protein constructs, which we envisage would be especially useful in hit-identification screening but could also potentially be scaled up for drug-development after further optimization.
Bragg grating fabrication on tapered fiber tips based on focused ion beam milling (2015)

Focused ion beam milling is used on chemically etched tapered fiber tips to create fiber Bragg gratings. These fiber Bragg gratings are based on a modulation of silica and external medium. This leads to a wide and structured spectrum obtained due to imperfections and the inherent structure of the tip. The fiber Bragg gratings presented are very short and have a length of 27 μm and 43 μm and are milled on the tapered fiber tip. They are characterized in the high temperature range 350-850ºC and a sensitivity of 14.4 pm/K is determined.
supplemental figure legend from A Novel Anti-CD22 Anthracycline-Based Antibody–Drug Conjugate (ADC) That Overcomes Resistance to Auristatin-Based ADCs (2023)

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Transfer of micro and nano-photonic silicon nanomembrane waveguide devices on flexible substrates (2010)

This paper demonstrates transfer of optical devices without extra un-patterned silicon onto low-cost, flexible plastic substrates using single-crystal silicon nanomembranes. Employing this transfer technique, stacking two layers of silicon nanomembranes with photonic crystal waveguide in the first layer and multi mode interference couplers in the second layer is shown, respectively. This technique is promising to realize high density integration of multilayer hybrid structures on flexible substrates.
Compact beveled fiber optic probe design for enhanced depth discrimination in epithelial tissues (2009)

We report the development and evaluation of a simple compact probe that incorporates multiple beveled fibers for depth sensitive detection of spectroscopic signals in vivo. We evaluated three probes with bevel angles 35, 40, and 45 degrees for their collection efficiency and depth resolution using a thin highly scattering white substrate and found that a 40 degree bevel provides the best characteristics for depth-resolved spectroscopy. The depth sensitivity of the probe with 40 degree beveled fibers was then evaluated using multilayer phantoms with scattering properties mimicking precancerous tissue and in vivo on normal human oral mucosa. The results demonstrate that the use of multiple beveled fibers has the capability to simultaneously collect scattering spectra from a range of depths within epithelial tissue that has the potential to provide further significant improvement of detection and monitorin of epithelial precancers.
Cladding pumped erbium fibre amplifier generating femtosecond pulses with an average power of 0.26W (1995)

Femtosecond pulse amplification in a cladding pumped fiber amplifier is demonstrated for the first time. A cladding-pumped Er&lt;sup&gt;3+&lt;/sup&gt; doped fiber amplifier generates 380fsec near-bandwidth-limited pulses at repetition rates up to 50MHz with an average power up to 0.26.W
Routing Code and Spectrum Assignment (RCSA) in Elastic Optical Networks (2015)

Elastic optical networks (EONs) are an attractive solution for backbones due to the offered potential flexibility and spectral efficiency. In EONs, an optical connection is allocated by solving the problem of routing and spectrum assignment (RSA). Based on the RSA output, a portion of spectrum-whose width depends on transmission parameters (e.g., bit rate and modulation format)-is assigned to an optical connection along a computed route. New emerging techniques for distance adaptation, that exploit variable code, are under investigation. In this case, the code rate (or redundancy) is tuned depending on the required optical reach. In EONs, transponders supporting distance adaptation permit to trade off between optical reach and required bandwidth (e.g., through the adaptation of modulation format), so that the spectrum occupied by a connection can be minimized while guaranteeing the required optical reach. This paper presents the concept of code selection in RSA for EONs, by proposing a routing, code, and spectrum assignment (RCSA) for dynamic set up. According to RCSA, a path, a code, and a portion of spectrum are selected for a connection request while guaranteeing quality of transmission. RCSA considers transmission impairments (e.g., amplified spontaneous emission) and filtering effects.
AMPA‐preferring receptors with high Ca2+ permeability mediate dendritic plasticity of retinal horizontal cells (1999)

The synaptic complex formed by the cone photoreceptor pedicles and the dendrites of horizontal cells in the teleost retina undergoes structural changes during light adaptation. Numerous spinules are formed by the terminal dendrites, and they are subsequently retracted during dark adaptation. In a retina kept under continuous illumination, the retraction process can be initiated by analogues of the neurotransmitter glutamate acting at AMPA/kainate receptors. On the other hand, the retraction process depends on calcium influx and the subsequent activation of CaMkII. We show here that the retraction of spinules induced by AMPA or kainate is not impaired in the presence of cobalt, making an involvement of voltage-gated calcium channels unlikely. Using calcium imaging techniques with isolated horizontal cells, we demonstrate that AMPA and kainate, but not NMDA, increase [Ca2+]i in the presence of nicardipine, caffeine and thapsigargin. The increase of [Ca2+]i under these conditions depends on [Ca2+]o and on the agonist in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting that the increase of [Ca2+]i is largely due to calcium influx through the agonist-gated channel. Pharmacological studies were performed to determine whether AMPA- and/or kainate-preferring receptors mediate the calcium influx. The AMPA-preferring receptor antagonist LY303070 blocked glutamate- and kainate-evoked increases of [Ca2+]i in a concentration-dependent manner, indicating that kainate-preferring receptors contributed little or nothing to the observed [Ca2+]i increase. This was supported by experiments where cyclothiazide (which blocks the desensitization of AMPA receptors) and concanavalin A (which potentiates responses mediated by kainate receptors) were applied. In all cases, LY303070 blocked the agonist-evoked increase of [Ca2+]i. The presence of AMPA-preferring receptors with high Ca2+ permeability on horizontal cells was also supported by measuring agonist-induced currents using whole-cell recording techniques. Furthermore, LY303070 was able to impair the retraction of spinules during dark adaption in the in vivo situation.
High-Resolution Mid-Infrared Morphology of Cygnus A (2001)

We present subarcsecond resolution mid-infrared images at 10.8 and 18.2 microns of Cygnus A. These images were obtained with the University of Florida mid-IR camera/spectrometer OSCIR at the Keck II 10-m telescope. Our data show extended mid-IR emission primarily to the east of the nucleus with a possible western extension detected after image deconvolution. This extended emission is closely aligned with the bi-conical structure observed at optical and near-IR wavelengths by the HST. This emission is consistent with dust heated from the central engine of Cygnus A. We also marginally detect large-scale low level emission extending &gt; 1.5 kpc from the nucleus which may be caused by in-situ star formation, line emission, and/or PAH contamination within the bandpass of our wide N-band filter.
Product state analysis of BaO from the reactions Ba + CO2 and Ba + O2 (1974)

The reactions Ba + O2 → BaO + O and Ba + CO2 → BaO + CO have been investigated using the method of laser-induced fluorescence to detect the BaO products. Excitation spectra of BaO produced under single-collision conditions in these reactions are reported, and initial rotational population distributions for BaO formed in the v=0 vibrational level are deduced. The BaO excitation spectrum from the reaction Ba + CO2 shows clear band heads and rotationally resolved features which can all be assigned. By contrast, the Ba + O2 excitation spectrum is markedly more complex since the band heads are missing and many high (v, J) levels are populated. The BaO rotational distributions for both reactions are found to be nonthermal, based on comparisons with simulated spectra. Estimates of the initial vibrational populations are also obtained. By extrapolation of the highest observed (v = 0, J) levels populated in the Ba + CO2 reaction, the dissociation energy of BaO has been determined to be D00 (BaO)=133.5± 1.3 kcal/mole. Since molecular beam investigations have shown that the Ba + O2 reaction proceeds through a long-lived collision complex, the experimental v = 0 rotational distributions have been compared with those calculated by phase space theory and transition state theory. The previous treatments of these statistical models have been extended to four-atom complexes. The results of the transition state theory reproduce the qualitative features of the experimental distributions, while the results of the phase space theory are in remarkable agreement with experiment. This strongly suggests that the dynamics of both reactions are governed by the formation of a long-lived collision complex.
Polymeric nanolayered gradient refractive index lenses: technology review and introduction of spherical gradient refractive index ball lenses (2013)

A nanolayered polymer films approach to designing and fabricating gradient refractive index (GRIN) lenses with designer refractive index distribution profiles and an independently prescribed lens surface geometry have been demonstrated to produce a new class of optics. This approach utilized nanolayered polymer materials, constructed with polymethylmethacrylate and a styrene-co-acrylonitrile copolymer with a tailorable refractive index intermediate to bulk materials, to fabricate discrete GRIN profile materials. A process to fabricate nanolayered polymer GRIN optics from these materials through thermoforming and finishing steps is reviewed. A collection of technology-demonstrating previously reported nanolayered GRIN case studies is presented that include:
The materials chemistry of porphyrins and metalloporphyrins (2000)

Porphyrins and metalloporphyrins provide an extremely versatile nanometer-sized building block for the control of materials properties. Films, solids and microporous solids have been explored as field-responsive materials (i.e. interactions with applied electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields) and as ‘chemo-responsive’ materials (i.e. interactions with other chemical species as sensors or for selective binding or catalysis).