gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bifunctional amyloid-reactive peptide promotes binding of antibody 11-1F4 to diverse amyloid types and enhances therapeutic efficacy (2018)

Amyloidosis is a malignant pathology associated with the formation of proteinaceous amyloid fibrils that deposit in organs and tissues, leading to dysfunction and severe morbidity. More than 25 proteins have been identified as components of amyloid, but the most common form of systemic amyloidosis is associated with the deposition of amyloid composed of Ig light chains (AL). Clinical management of amyloidosis focuses on reducing synthesis of the amyloid precursor protein. However, recently, passive immunotherapy using amyloid fibril-reactive antibodies, such as 11-1F4, to remove amyloid from organs has been shown to be effective at restoring organ function in patients with AL amyloidosis. However, 11-1F4 does not bind amyloid in all AL patients, as evidenced by PET/CT imaging, nor does it efficiently bind the many other forms of amyloid. To enhance the reactivity and expand the utility of the 11-1F4 mAb as an amyloid immunotherapeutic, we have developed a pretargeting "peptope" comprising a multiamyloid-reactive peptide, p5+14, fused to a high-affinity peptide epitope recognized by 11-1F4. The peptope, known as p66, bound the 11-1F4 mAb in vitro with subnanomolar efficiency, exhibited multiamyloid reactivity in vitro and, using tissue biodistribution and SPECT imaging, colocalized with amyloid deposits in a mouse model of systemic serum amyloid A amyloidosis. Pretreatment with the peptope induced 11-1F4 mAb accumulation in serum amyloid A deposits in vivo and enhanced 11-1F4-mediated dissolution of a human AL amyloid extract implanted in mice.
Phosphodiesterase inhibitors as a new generation of antiprotozoan drugs: exploiting the benefit of enzymes that are highly conserved between host and parasite (2020)

Protozoan infections remain a major unsolved medical problem in many parts of our world. A major obstacle to their treatment is the blatant lack of medication that is affordable, effective, safe and easy to administer. For some of these diseases, including human sleeping sickness, very few compounds are available, many of them old and all of them fraught with toxic side effects. We explore a new concept for developing new-generation antiprotozoan drugs that are based on phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors. Such inhibitors are already used extensively in human pharmacology. Given the high degree of structural similarity between the human and the protozoan PDEs, the vast expertise available in the human field can now be applied to developing disease-specific PDE inhibitors as new antiprotozoan drugs.
The Rap1-RIAM-talin axis of integrin activation and blood cell function (2016)

Integrin adhesion receptors mediate the adhesion of blood cells, such as leukocytes, to other cells, such as endothelial cells. Integrins also are critical for anchorage of hematopoietic precursors to the extracellular matrix. Blood cells can dynamically regulate the affinities of integrins for their ligands ("activation"), an event central to their functions. Here we review recent progress in understanding the mechanisms of integrin activation with a focus on the functions of blood cells. We discuss how talin binding to the integrin β cytoplasmic domain, in conjunction with the plasma membrane, induces long-range allosteric rearrangements that lead to integrin activation. Second, we review our understanding of how signaling events, particularly those involving Rap1 small guanosine triphosphate (GTP)hydrolases, can regulate the talin-integrin interaction and resulting activation. Third, we review recent findings that highlight the role of the Rap1-GTP-interacting adapter molecule (RIAM), encoded by the APBB1IP gene, in leukocyte integrin activation and consequently in leukocyte trafficking.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Evaluation of 7α‐Iodo‐5α‐dihydrotestosterone as a Potential Radioligand for Androgen Receptor. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Detection of Phenylpropanoids in Citrus Leaves Produced in Response to Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (2019)

Citrus canker (CC), caused by the bacterial pathogen <i>Xanthomonas citri</i> subsp. <i>citri</i>, impacts citrus production in many areas of the world by reducing yields, degrading tree health, and severely blemishing the outer peels of fresh fruit. The relative susceptibility to CC among different species of <i>Citrus</i> varies from the highly susceptible lime (<i>Citrus</i> × <i>aurantifolia</i>), sweet orange (<i>C.</i> × <i>sinensis</i>), and grapefruit (<i>C</i>. × <i>paradisi</i>) to the much less susceptible calamondin (<i>C.</i> × <i>microcarpa</i>) and kumquat (<i>C. japonica</i>). This investigation compares the responses to infection with <i>X. citri</i> subsp. <i>citri</i> of these five genotypes with respect to phenylpropanoid compound profiles and relative increases or decreases of specific compounds postinoculation. In response to <i>X. citri</i> subsp. <i>citri</i> infection, all hosts possessed increased concentrations of phenylpropanoids in leaf tissue, whereas the similarly treated nonhost orange jessamine (<i>Murraya paniculata</i>) did not. Several of the tested genotypes exhibited notably increased production of fluorescent phenylpropanoids, including umbelliferone, herniarin, auraptene, scoparone, and others. The profiles of these compounds and their levels of production varied among the tested species yet all investigated <i>Citrus</i> genotypes exhibited increased concentrations of phenylpropanoids regardless of their degree of susceptibility to <i>X. citri</i> subsp. <i>citri</i>. Kumquat and calamondin, the tested genotypes least susceptible to <i>X. citri</i> subsp. <i>citri</i>, also exhibited the highest levels of the dihydrochalcone 3',5'-di-<i>C</i>-glucosyl phloretin, the aglycone portion of which, phloretin, is a known antibiotic, although levels of this compound were not affected by inoculation with <i>X. citri</i> subsp. <i>citri</i>.
Understanding Energy Efficiency and Interference Tolerance in Millimeter Wave Receivers (2022)

Power consumption is a key challenge in millimeter wave (mmWave) receiver front-ends, due to the need to support high dimensional antenna arrays at wide bandwidths. Recently, there has been considerable work in developing low-power front-ends, often based on low-resolution ADCs and low-power mixers. A critical but less studied consequence of such designs is the relatively low-dynamic range which in turn exposes the receiver to adjacent carrier interference and blockers. This paper provides a general mathematical framework for analyzing the performance of mmWave front-ends in the presence of out-of-band interference. The goal is to elucidate the fundamental trade-off of power consumption, interference tolerance and in-band performance. The analysis is combined with detailed network simulations in cellular systems with multiple carriers, as well as detailed circuit simulations of key components at 140 GHz. The analysis reveals critical bottlenecks for low-power interference robustness and suggests designs enhancements for use in practical systems.
Shape effect on the magnetic anisotropy of an array of epitaxial (10·0) Co dots (1999)

The competition between the magnetocrystalline and shape anisotropies was studied by using a submicron-size epitaxial (10/spl middot/0) Co rectangular dots array. The measured torque curves exhibit the magnetic anisotropy with a four-fold symmetry, indicating a clear magnetic easy-axis reorientation. The results were successfully interpreted by taking into account the first order magnetocrystalline, shape and non-negligible second order magnetocrystalline anisotropies.
Minor grove binding ligands disrupt PARP-1 activation pathways (2014)

PARP-1 is a nuclear enzyme regulating transcription, chromatin restructuring, and DNA repair. PARP-1 is activated by interaction with NAD+, DNA, and core histones. Each route of PARP-1 activation leads to somewhat different outcomes. PARP-1 interactions with core histones control PARP-1 functions during transcriptional activation in euchromatin. DNA-dependent regulation of PARP-1 determines its localization in heterochromatin and PARP-1-dependent silencing. Here we address the biological significance of DNA-dependent PARP-1 regulation in vitro and in vivo. We report that minor grove binding ligands (MGBLs) specifically target PARP-1 interaction with DNA, and, hence, the DNA-dependent pathway of PARP-1 activation. By obstructing its interaction with DNA molecules, MGBLs block PARP-1 activity in vitro and in vivo, as we demonstrate using Drosophila, as well as human cancer-derived cells. We also demonstrate synergistic inhibition of PARP-1, combining MGBLs with conventional NAD+-dependent inhibitors in human cancer cells. These results suggest that combining different classes of PARP-1 inhibitors can precisely modulate PARP-1 activity in living cells, thus holding promise for new avenues of cancer treatment.
Galantamine Attenuates Autoinflammation in a Mouse Model of Familial Mediterranean Fever (2022)

Abstract Autoinflammatory diseases, a diverse group of inherited conditions characterized by excessive innate immune activation, have limited therapeutic options. Neuroimmune circuits of the inflammatory reflex control innate immune overactivation and can be stimulated to treat disease using the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor galantamine. Here, we tested the efficacy of galantamine in a rodent model of the prototypical autoinflammatory disease familial Mediterranean fever (FMF). Long-term treatment with galantamine attenuated the associated splenomegaly, amyloidosis, and anemia that are characteristic features of this disease. Further, treatment reduced inflammatory cell infiltration into affected organs and a subcutaneous air pouch. These findings suggest that galantamine attenuates chronic inflammation in this mouse model of FMF. Further research is warranted to explore the therapeutic potential of galantamine in FMF and other autoinflammatory diseases.
Wideband tunable wavelength-selective coupling in asymmetric side-polished fiber coupler with dispersive interlayer (2007)

We demonstrate tunable highly wavelength-selective filter based on a 2 x 2 asymmetric side-polished fiber coupler with dispersive interlayer in one of the coupling arms. The asymmetric fiber coupler is made of two side-polished fibers using identical single-mode fibers and one of the polished fibers is further chemically etched at the central evanescent coupling region to gain closer to the core. An optical liquid with different dispersion characteristics than that of silica fiber is used to fill up the etched hollow and therefore the propagation constant for the polished fiber with dispersive liquid becomes more dispersive and crosses with that of another untreated polished fiber. The location of the cross point and the cross angle between two propagation constant curves determine the coupling wavelength and coupling bandwidth as well as channel wavelength separation, respectively. The coupling wavelength can be tuned at least wider than 84 nm (1.326-1.410 microm) under index variation of 0.004 and with coupling ratios of higher than 30 dB.
Comparative Genomics of Grasses Promises a Bountiful Harvest (2009)

Building on a rich history of comparative genomics, scientists are making rapid progress toward a comprehensive framework for comparative genomics of the grass family (Poaceae) that will permit comparative studies at new levels of intricacy. The sequences of each of the two rice ( Oryza sativa )
Nanocrystals in Medical Applications (2019)

This chapter presents the characteristic properties of drug nanocrystals, their production, and their potential biomedical applications. It provides the characteristic properties of drug nanocrystals and the most important preparation techniques. Due to their small particle size, it is possible that drug nanocrystals are taken up by cells as solid undissolved particles. The selection and amount of stabilizer is often the crucial step for production of drug nanocrystals. Independent of the selected technique, whether top-down, bottom-up, or combination, all the techniques mentioned produce solid drug cores coated with a stabilizer layer. However, for example, particle shape, porosity, size, or level of crystallinity may differ depending on the production method and the process parameters. However, differences in product properties between small-scale experiments and large-scale production are possible due to the altered energy input and particle size reduction mechanisms. Scaling up of milling systems has been shown in many studies and also by an increasing number of marketed products.
Teaching Approaches Encouraging Autonomous Learning (2012)

This paper introduces three innovative teaching methods that encourage self-learning and self-evaluation: an original approach using recorded lessons; a new type of multiple-choice questions with embedded interactive software which offers visual applications to help answer; a method to make students more interested and involved in their training. For each method, the context and addressed pedagogical issue are described emphasizing strengths and weaknesses. The proposed approaches have been introduced for signal processing courses but they can be applied in any other fields.Section II introduces in more details the context in which the SP teaching methods have been implemented. The remainder of this paper describes the three new proposed approaches. Section 3 presents an original method and its purpose using recorded lessons. Section 4 describes a new type of MCQ (Multiple-Choice Questions) integrating an interactive software which allows visual applications to help answer. Section 5 proposes an approach to make students more involved in their training and even becoming teachers themselves. For each method, the context and addressed pedagogical issue are described emphasizing strengths and weaknesses. Conclusion is given in section 6.
Channel estimation with scattered pilots in GFDM with multiple subcarrier bandwidths (2017)

This paper proposes a channel estimation scheme with scattered pilots in generalized frequency division multiplexing (GFDM) with multiple subcarrier bandwidths. In the proposed scheme, the pilot symbols are assigned to narrow bandwidth subcarriers. Thus, it is possible to avoid inter-subsymbol interference that is inevitable in GFDM with unified bandwidth subcarriers. On a GSM-TU channel, the mean square error (MSE) of the proposed GFDM is equivalent to that of the OFDM and bit error rate (BER) performance for QPSK symbols is about 1dB better than that of the conventional GFDM at a BER of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> .
Non-uniform grid algorithm for the method of moments applied to surface integral equations (2014)

This paper presents a novel simple to implement technique to accelerate the method of moments applied to surface integral equations of computational electromagnetics. The method is based on the non-uniform grid algorithm and its precision is enhanced by efficient quadrature rules for the accurate computation of near-field based on the cancellation techniques. The method is an attractive alternative to the well-known multilevel fast multipole algorithm (MLFMA). Several numerical case studies will be presented at the conference to demonstrate the efficacy and flexibility of the proposed technique in dealing with complicated structures.
System Aspects of WCDMA Uplink Parallel Interference Cancellation (2005)

Interference cancellation (IC) has the potential to significantly improve the system capacity of CDMA systems using conventional RAKE receivers. The main objective in this paper is to quantify the potential improvements of parallel interference cancellation (PIC) in terms of system aspects such as capacity gain, coverage gain, relation to power control etc. This is conducted through approximate estimates, system simulations with realistic receiver prototype models, and single-cell field trials with a limited-complexity PIC prototype. It is concluded that the approximate expressions estimate capacity and coverage gains with acceptable accuracy. Moreover, the WCDMA uplink is configured with a fixed power offset between dedicated physical control and data channels. PIC fits well into the system architecture and power control design, which put limitations on other IC structures, such as successive IC (SIC).
Comment on Reference to Maximum Dose for Starch (2010)

We thank the authors for their important and informative review article “Hydroxyethyl Starches: Different Products—Different Effects ” published in the July 2009 issue of Anesthesiology.1However, there is inaccurate information in the column titled “Maximum Daily Dose, ml/kg” in table 1, which we believe should be corrected. Two references are cited for table 12,3; however, neither provide support for all the maximum daily doses listed. It seems that the main reference provided to support these data is a similar table (also table 1) in the September 2005 issue of Anesthesiology.2This earlier publication does not provide any references for the maximum daily dose column, other than for mentioning that “All statements are given by the manufacturers.”For example, it is a point of fact that hydroxyethyl starch 670/0.75 in 6% balanced solution (Hextend®, Hospira Inc., Lake Forest, IL) has no maximum daily dose promulgated by the manufacturer in the Food and Drug Administration-approved package insert.*Under “Dosage and Administration,” there is language regarding what might “typically” be administered (“Doses of more than 1,500 ml per day for the typical 70-kg patient (approximately 20 ml per kg of body weight) are usually not required . . .”), but this is in no way a “maximum daily dose” or “safe recommended dose” as some have erroneously argued.For most of the starches, and certainly for hydroxyethyl starch 670/0.75 (Hextend®) and hydroxyethyl starch 600/0.7 (Hespan®, B. Braun Medical Inc., Irvine, CA), it is impossible to designate any safe maximum dose. No dose-finding randomized trials (or observational studies) have ever been done that demonstrate that 20 ml/kg is “safe” but 21 ml/kg causes a clinically significant worse outcome. Observational studies are very confounded in this setting because patients who receive larger volumes of these starches invariably have more extensive surgery and/or bleeding or may require more blood and blood products. Therefore, in the absence of data from well-designed randomized trials, it is impossible to know whether the larger volume of starch is a cause of bleeding or a marker for more complex surgeries with an expected increased blood loss. Multivariate analysis is an imperfect science and cannot control for this level of confounding. In vitro studies, which assess the impact of dose via increases in percent hemodilution, cannot be used to define a clinical “maximum safe dose.” Finally, it is possible that even if larger doses have theoretical effects on bleeding risk, these effects may be balanced by theoretical benefits of starch related to decreased tissue edema.In summary, we are not arguing that there is not a provable maximum safe dose for some of these fluids. However, based on existing data, it is impossible at this time to cite a maximum daily dose for some of these fluids, as has been published.1,2†Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina. elliott.bennettguerrero@duke.edu
Comparison of continental and oceanic mantle electrical conductivity: Is the Archean lithosphere dry? (2000)

Electrical conductivity profiles derived from magnetotelluric and geomagnetic sounding methods provide a means of constraining upper mantle properties that is complementary to seismic studies. We analyze conductivity profiles for an Archean craton and an oceanic setting, in conjunction with independent constraints on mantle geotherms, to estimate the water content of the upper mantle in these very different geologic environments. Results from this analysis indicate that the Archean lithosphere contains less water than the oceanic mantle in the depth range between ∼150 and ∼250 km. Below ∼250 km these oceanic and continental environments show similar conductivities, suggesting that the water content of the mantle does not vary significantly between ∼250 km and the 410‐km discontinuity. These observations indicate that the Archean lithosphere may be stabilized against convective instabilities partly because it has a high viscosity associated with a dry composition.
Novel low-temperature processing of polymer dielectrics on organic substrates by variable frequency microwave processing (2003)

The demand for faster electronic devices with increased functionality has necessitated the use of new high performance dielectric materials with lower dielectric constant and higher thermal stability. Polyimides are most suited for these applications because of their excellent electrical, chemical, and thermo-mechanical properties. However, polyimides require long cure cycles at elevated temperatures, which are above the decomposition temperature of organic boards such as FR4 epoxy-fiberglass. Thus, it has not been possible to use high performance polyimides in conjunction with low-cost epoxy-based boards for applications such as microvia build-up layers. In this study, variable frequency microwave (VFM) processing was used to rapidly cure polyimides on organic boards. For the first time, rapid curing of a high performance polyimide on epoxy-based low-temperature organic substrates without degradation of the epoxy has been reported. Two different polyimide resins, BDPA-PDA and BTDA-ODA, were used for the cure studies. Substrate VFM heating rate characterization and thermal stability analysis were performed to identify the process window for VFM curing. FTIR studies showed no difference in the chemical structure of polyimide films cured on these substrates as compared to thermally cured films. For example, 98% imidization of polyimide BDPA-PDA was achieved after curing for 5 min at 200/spl deg/C. The electrical and optical properties of the cured films were characterized and compared to thermally cured films. The results show that nearly complete imidization can be achieved by reacting the polyimide films for much shorter cure times and at lower temperatures as compared to films cured in a conventional thermal furnace.
Aerospace Medicine (2010)

Aerospace medicine focuses on the clinical care, research, and operational support of the health, safety, and performance of crewmembers and passengers of air and space vehicles, together with the support personnel who assist operation of such vehicles. Understanding of the 5 basic gas laws aids understanding of aeromedically significant effects, specifically hypoxia, volume changes at higher altitudes, and decompression illness. Signs and symptoms of decompression illness may include pain in and around joints. More serious is the affliction of heart and lungs or neurologic problems. Physiologic stressors of commercial flight can include decreased partial pressure of oxygen, vibration, noise, humidity, expansion of trapped gases, and thermal stress. Aeromedical transportation of patients with more serious medical conditions requires appropriate equipment, staffing, and coordination of logistical issues. There are 15 specific conditions that disqualify aviators under FAA rules. The primary purpose of aircraft mishap investigations is to prevent future accidents, injuries, and fatalities. Accidents are investigated with multidisciplinary teams, including physicians, following standardized investigation guidelines.