gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Advances in Cryptology: Crypto, 90 : Proceedings (1991)

Cryptanalysis.- Differential Cryptanalysis of DES-like Cryptosystems.- A Statistical Attack of the FEAL-8 Cryptosystem.- An Improved Linear Syndrome Algorithm in Cryptanalysis With Applications.- Protocols.- Quantum Bit Commitment and Coin Tossing Protocols.- Security with Low Communication Overhead.- Fair Computation of General Functions in Presence of Immoral Majority.- One-Way Group Actions.- Algebra and Number Theory.- Solving Large Sparse Linear Systems Over Finite Fields.- On the Computation of Discrete Logarithms in Class Groups.- Matrix Extensions of the RSA Algorithm.- Constructing Elliptic Curve Cryptosystems in Characteristic 2.- Signatures and Authentication.- Identification Tokens - or: Solving The Chess Grandmaster Problem.- Arbitrated Unconditionally Secure Authentication Can Be Unconditionally Protected against Arbiter's Attacks.- Convertible Undeniable Signatures.- Unconditionally-Secure Digital Signatures.- Secret Sharing.- Geometric Shared Secret and/or Shared Control Schemes.- Some Improved Bounds on the Information Rate of Perfect Secret Sharing Schemes.- Collective Coin Tossing Without Assumptions nor Broadcasting.- Key Distribution.- A Key Distribution Paradox.- A Modular Approach to Key Distribution.- Hash Functions.- Structural Properties of One-Way Hash Functions.- The MD4 Message Digest Algorithm.- Zero-Knowledge.- Achieving Zero-Knowledge Robustly.- Hiding Instances in Zero-Knowledge Proof Systems.- Multi-Language Zero Knowledge Interactive Proof Systems.- Publicly Verifiable Non-Interactive Zero-Knowledge Proofs.- Cryptographic Applications of the Non-Interactive Metaproof and Many-prover Systems.- Interactive Proofs with Provable Security against Honest Verifiers.- Randomness.- On the Universality of the Next Bit Test.- A Universal Statistical Test for Random Bit Generators.- On the Impossibility of Private Key Cryptography with Weakly Random Keys.- Applications.- How to Time-Stamp a Digital Document.- How to Utilize the Randomness of Zero-Knowledge Proofs.- Fast Software Encryption Functions.- CORSAIR: A Smart Card for Public Key Cryptosystems.- Design and Analysis I.- Fast Checkers for Cryptography.- Complexity Theoretic Issues Concerning Block Ciphers Related to D.E.S..- The Redoc II Cryptosystem.- A Recursive Construction Method of S-boxes Satisfying Strict Avalanche Criterion.- Design and Analysis II.- A Comparison of Practical Public-Key Cryptosystems based on Integer Factorization and Discrete Logarithms.- Nonlinear Parity Circuits and their Cryptographic Applications.- Cryptographic Significance of the Carry for Ciphers Based on Integer Addition.- Impromptu Talks.- Computation of Discrete Logarithms in Prime Fields.- Systolic Modular Multiplication.- Finding Four Million Large Random Primes.- The FEAL Cipher Family.- Discrete-Log With Compressible Exponents.
Substituted ethylene dications. Structures of phenylmethyl cations substituted with an electron-withdrawing group on the cation center (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSubstituted ethylene dications. Structures of phenylmethyl cations substituted with an electron-withdrawing group on the cation centerTomohiko Ohwada and Koichi ShudoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 1, 34–40Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00183a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00183a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views422Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Intramolecular C(sp3)–H Bond Oxygenation by Transition‐Metal Acylnitrenoids (2020)

Abstract This study demonstrates for the first time that easily accessible transition‐metal acylnitrenoids can be used for controlled direct C(sp 3 )‐H oxygenations. Specifically, a ruthenium catalyst activates N‐benzoyloxycarbamates as nitrene precursors towards regioselective intramolecular C−H oxygenations to provide cyclic carbonates, hydroxylated carbamates, or 1,2‐diols. The method can be applied to the chemoselective C−H oxygenation of benzylic, allylic, and propargylic C(sp 3 )−H bonds. The reaction can be performed in an enantioselective fashion and switched in a catalyst‐controlled fashion between C−H oxygenation and C−H amination. This work provides a new reaction mode for the regiocontrolled and stereocontrolled conversion of C(sp 3 )‐H into C(sp 3 )−O bonds.
Acetogenine Isochinolin‐Alkaloide, 7. Einfache Synthesen nützlicher Diketo‐Bausteine für biomimetische Isochinolin‐ und Naphthalin‐Synthesen (1985)

Abstract Für aromatische Diketone der Struktur 1 , die als potentielle Biogenese‐Vorstufen acetogeniner Isochinolin‐Alkaloide anzusehen sind und damit als Bausteine für deren biomimetische Synthese benötigt werden, werden zwei rationelle nichtbiomimetische Darstellungsmethoden beschrieben. Dabei werden die Zielverbindungen 1 zum einen aus Phenolen und Methacrylsäure über Dimethylindene 8 aufgebaut, zum anderen durch Acetylierung von Phenylpropanonen 9 gewonnen.
Design of Switchable Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells Targeting Breast Cancer (2016)

Abstract Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR‐T) cells have demonstrated promising results against hematological malignancies, but have encountered significant challenges in translation to solid tumors. To overcome these hurdles, we have developed a switchable CAR‐T cell platform in which the activity of the engineered cell is controlled by dosage of an antibody‐based switch. Herein, we apply this approach to Her2‐expressing breast cancers by engineering switch molecules through site‐specific incorporation of FITC or grafting of a peptide neo‐epitope (PNE) into the anti‐Her2 antibody trastuzumab (clone 4D5). We demonstrate that both switch formats can be readily optimized to redirect CAR‐T cells (specific for the corresponding FITC or PNE) to Her2‐expressing tumor cells, and afford dose‐titratable activation of CAR‐T cells ex vivo and complete clearance of the tumor in rodent xenograft models. This strategy may facilitate the application of immunotherapy to solid tumors by affording comparable efficacy with improved safety owing to switch‐based control of the CAR‐T response.
Relationship between Lattice Strain of HAp Crystals and Macroscopic Strain of Bone Tissue in Cortical Bone (2003)

Bone tissue is a composite material composed of hydroxyapatite (HAp) and collagen. Because HAp particles in bone tissue are crystalline structure, an X-ray diffraction method is available to measure the strain of HAp. This work shows, the relationship between lattice strain of HAp crystals and macroscopic strain. In this experiment, strip specimens of 45×6×0.8mm in size with their long axis aligned to the bone axial direction were cut from cortical bone in a shaft of bovine femur. To confirm the relationship between applied macroscopic strain and lattice strain in bone tissue, a tensile device was developed to apply tensile load to the specimen during the X-ray irradiation. Macroscopic strain was measured by a strain-gauge glued on the surface of the specimen. Lattice strain of HAp in the specimen was measured by the X-ray diffraction method. It was found that the lattice strain was generally smaller than the strain macroscopically determined.
Throughput-centric routing algorithm design (2003)

The increasing application space of interconnection networks now encompasses several applications, such as packet routing and I/O interconnect, where the throughput of a routing algorithm, not just its locality, becomes an important performance metric. We show that the problem of designing oblivious routing algorithms that have high worst-case or average-case throughput can be cast as a linear program. Globally optimal solutions to these optimization problems can be efficiently found, yielding provably good oblivious routing algorithms. Applying these techniques to k-ary 2-cube (tori) networks shows that previous routing algorithms sacrifice too much locality to achieve optimal worst-case throughput. This motivates the development of two new algorithms, IVAL and 2TURN, which improve locality to within 0.3% of optimal for an 8-ary 2-cube. Both algorithms have simple, deadlock-free implementations. Expanding the analysis of tori to average-case throughput reveals that there is a weak tradeoff between average-case and worst-case throughput. Specifically, both the IVAL and 2TURN algorithms developed for the worst-case also have good average-case throughput.
Two may be better than one: PD-1/PD-L1 blockade combination approaches in metastatic breast cancer (2019)

Antibodies blocking programmed death 1 (anti-PD-1) or its ligand (anti-PD-L1) are associated with modest response rates as monotherapy in metastatic breast cancer, but are generally well tolerated and capable of generating dramatic and durable benefit in a minority of patients. Anti-PD-1/L1 antibodies are also safe when administered in combination with a variety of systemic therapies (chemotherapy, targeted therapies), as well as with radiotherapy. We summarize preclinical, translational, and preliminary clinical data in support of combination approaches with anti-PD-1/L1 in metastatic breast cancer, focusing on potential mechanisms of synergy, and considerations for clinical practice and future investigation.
Integrative genomic profiling of RCC treated with second-line nivolumab. (2020)

720 Background: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common subtype of kidney cancer comprising up to 80% of RCC. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) is a common therapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy with anti-PD1 antibody Nivolumab is a standard second line option in mccRCC. Overall response rate with Nivolumab however is only 25%. Since there is a critical need to develop and refine predictive biomarkers for anti-PD1 checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy, we undertook a genomics based approach to gain further insights. Methods: Archival pre-treatment tissues from 37 metastatic mccRCC patients who had received anti-VEGFR first and then Nivolumab were collected and profiled by integrated next generation sequencing (NGS) including whole exome sequencing and RNA sequencing. Integrative NGS analysis was used to discover somatic mutations, indels, copy-number alterations and gene expression changes among the samples in this cohort. In-addition, we characterized the T-Cell clone type by adaptive immunoSEQ TCR sequencing on the matched tumor/benign adjacent tissue samples. Clinical outcome data was correlated with high throughput sequencing results to delineate the characteristics of responders and non-responders. Results: Integrative NGS profiling and analysis of ccRCC tumors revealed 1) the characteristic copy number alteration including frequent loss at 3p, 8p21.3 and 9p21.3 as well as gain at 5q, and 12p12.1. 2) a low mutational burden 3) tumors with PBRM1 mutation were relatively enriched in the “No Clinical Benefit Category”. 4) CD8 immunohistochemistry showed significant enrichment of CD8+ cells ( pval-0.05) in the clinical benefit group compared to patients with no-clinical benefit. The clinical benefit group tended to have higher number of TCR clones. Conclusions: Integrative genomic sequencing analysis of ccRCC tumors in Nivolumab treated patients revealed CD8 expression as a putative biomarker. Greater T-cell clonotypes &amp; clonal expansion correlated with clinical benefit. PBRM1 mutant status did not select for clinical benefit. A model combining CD8 expression with T-cell characteristics was developed.
Modeling the Dynamics of the Xylene Soluble Fraction (XS) in a Bulk Propylene Polymerization Process (2010)

Abstract A model is built to describe the dynamic trajectories of the xylene soluble fraction (XS) in an industrial bulk propylene polymerization process. Emphasis is given to the coupling between the XS dynamics and the reactor liquid bleed policy. It is shown that cocatalyst recirculation can affect the dynamics of the cocatalyst/donor ratio and consequently the dynamics of XS during polymerization. Simulation results indicate that the effect of the reactor liquid bleed operation and of the cocatalyst/donor ratio upon the XS trajectories can be minimized if PI controllers are designed to control the propane concentration and to increase the speed of the cocatalyst/donor transitions. Finally, it is shown that the model is able to reproduce the dynamic XS profile obtained during a large XS transition at plant site. magnified image
A High Power Medium Voltage Resonant Dual Active Bridge for MVDC Ship Power Networks (2016)

This paper presents the design and control of a megawatt scale, medium voltage, medium frequency resonant dual active bridge dc-dc converter operating as a bus-tie converter in a dc distribution network. The high voltage (HV) side of the converter is designed using series connected low voltage (LV) devices to efficiently operate at higher switching frequencies. A combined variable frequency and phase-shift control method is proposed to achieve input-output power flow and voltage control, while maintaining soft switching operation for both the HV and LV bridges. Two 1 MW converter prototypes operated in a back-to-back arrangement are presented to validate the proposed topology and control.
Mechanically-induced degradation of metallic sliding electrical contacts in silicone fluid at room temperature (2014)

The degradation in electrical contact resistance of a contact pair sliding while submerged in silicone fluid has been investigated. While the contamination of electrical contacts by silicone vapors or migrating species at elevated temperature due to decomposition in electric arcs is well known, the present degradation mechanism appears to arise from chemical reactions in the silicone fluid at room temperature, catalyzed by the presence of the freshly-abraded metal surface. As a result of these reactions, a deposit containing Si, C and O forms in the vicinity of mechanical contact. The specific contact metals present and the availability of dissolved oxygen in the fluid have a dramatic influence on the quantity of reaction product formed. The chemistry of the deposit, proposed formation mechanisms, the impact on electrical contact resistance and mitigation strategies are discussed.
Characterizing Systematic Errors in the Faraday Rotation Retrieval from SMOS Measurements (2020)

In this work, a methodology to correct the Faraday Rotation Angle (FRA) is presented. It consists of calculating a systematic error pattern introduced by MIRAS, which is calculated in zones where the FRA tends to zero. Once calculated, this error is subtracted in the rest of the measurements. In both cases, the FRA is calculated following a process of minimization of the equation that relates the SMOS full polarization radiometric measurements to that parameter.
Experimental considerations concerning the velocity measurement of the relativistic electron beam in a gyrotron by means of Thomson scattering (1993)

The feasibility of Thomson scattering to determine the beam velocity in a gyrotron has been analyzed and preliminary experiments to implement such a system on our 100 GHz quasi-optical gyrotron are reported. Although the project had to be abandoned due to technical problems, the conclusions are that for the 90° scattering arrangement discussed it should be possible to determine at least one velocity component with an acceptable signal-to-noise ratio.
A proposed clinical test for monitoring fluoropyrimidine therapy: Detection and stability of thymidylate synthase ternary complexes (2006)

5-fluorouracil forms classic (covalent, ternary) complexes consisting of thymidylate synthase, fluoro-deoxyuridine monophosphate, and 5,10-methylene tetrahydrofolate. Despite a high pharmacologic interest in the classic complexes formed in cells treated with fluorouracil anticancer agents, the in vivo stability of the complexes and the possible interference in complex formation by other coadministered compounds have not been adequately described. We visualized classic complexes unaccompanied by unbound thymidylate synthase, inferring complete enzymatic inhibition, in 5-fluorouracil-treated S. cerevisiae and cancer cells in vitro and in murine tumors in vivo treated with 5-fluorouracil. Classic complexes persisted 13 days in cancer cells after a pulse of 5-fluorouracil. Classic complexes were reduced to absent in cancer cells in which the older antifolates methotrexate and aminopterin, or the modern antifolates pemetrexed and tomudex, were coadministered with 5-fluorouracil. Classic complexes were, however, detected when an alternate drug, 5-fluorodeoxyuridine, was administered with methotrexate. We visualized classic complexes at fifteen minutes to seven days after an acute single dose of 5-fluorouracil in mouse tumor models, in tumors and normal tissues. Using the same assay, we detected unbound thymidylate synthase in untreated human tissues, supporting the future use of this assay in evaluating the most appropriate dose of fluoropyrimidine and coadministered agents in clinical settings.
Who builds a house without drawing blueprints? (2015)

Finding a better solution by thinking about the problem and its solution, rather than just thinking about the code.
The Effects of Visual Biofeedback Training on Symmetry during Elliptical Trainer Use (2015)

Existing research has shown that symmetry patterns in gait can be manipulated through visual biofeedback, altering both kinematics and kinetics. PURPOSE: To determine the best man-machine interface to influence weight distribution patterns during elliptical training through the use of visual biofeedback. METHODS: A modified elliptical trainer was constructed which incorporates instruments to measure weight distribution between pedals and a visual biofeedback system to cue the user to make adjustments. Four types of visual displays were developed and tested to determine which presentation was the most suitable for improving human performance. These displays were organized based on their complexity (how many objects the user had to focus on), history (presence of past data samples), directional flow (vertical or horizontal) and data type (displaying either unilateral or bilateral). Nine healthy subjects (5 Male, 4 Female) with an average age of 27.4 (±3.47) were recruited from a sample of convenience and were tested on each of the four visual displays. Each subject warmed up on the elliptical for five minutes without the visual display, followed by five minutes activity with the visual display. We obtained baseline measurements on the first visit; then we measured weight values on each pedal during activity with the visual display. We compared averaged values from four minutes of activity and baseline recordings (removing the first minute to allow the user to get acclimated with the system) by applying the values to an index of symmetry equation (IOS= Xr-Xl/((Xr+Xl)/2). We then performed student t-tests to determine significance between the means (comparing baseline to each display and each display to the others). RESULTS: Average baseline IOS values for all participants (10.1±3.00) was significantly larger than IOS values for each visual display (Average among the four displays=2.89±1.04), p<=5.07*10ˆ-5. The most complex display (4.12±3.70) of the four had the largest IOS value compared to the others. CONCLUSION: Comparing baseline IOS scores to the average value for all visual displays, we found that visual biofeedback improved symmetric performance during elliptical training, decreasing by 71.4%. We also found that the display that minimized the amount of higher cognitive activity and load while delivering equal information resulted in improved performance.
Tritium-assisted fusion breeders (1983)

This report undertakes a preliminary assessment of the prospects of tritium-assisted D-D fuel cycle fusion breeders. Two well documented fusion power reactor designs - the STARFIRE (D-T fuel cycle) and the WILDCAT (Cat-D fuel cycle) tokamaks - are converted into fusion breeders by replacing the fusion electric blankets with /sup 233/U producing fission suppressed blankets; changing the Cat-D fuel cycle mode of operation by one of the several tritium-assisted D-D-based modes of operation considered; adjusting the reactor power level; and modifying the resulting plant cost to account for the design changes. Three sources of tritium are considered for assisting the D-D fuel cycle: tritium produced in the blankets from lithium or from /sup 3/He and tritium produced in the client fission reactors. The D-D-based fusion breeders using tritium assistance are found to be the most promising economically, especially the Tritium Catalyzed Deuterium mode of operation in which the /sup 3/He exhausted from the plasma is converted, by neutron capture in the blanket, into tritium which is in turn fed back to the plasma. The number of fission reactors of equal thermal power supported by Tritium Catalyzed Deuterium fusion breeders is about 50% higher than that of D-T fusion breeders, andmore » the profitability is found to be slightly lower than that of the D-T fusion breeders.« less
Mimicking Extracellular Matrix via Engineered Nanostructured Biomaterials for Neural Repair (2020)

Extracellular matrix (ECM) consists of proteins, proteoglycans, and different soluble molecules. ECM provides structural support to mammalian cells. ECM is responsible for important cell functions, as well as assembling cells into various tissues and organs, regulating growth and cell-cell interaction. Recent studies have shown the potential of nanostructured biomaterials to mimic native ECM. Developing tailor-made biomaterials that mimic the complex nanoscale mesh of local ECM is not a trivial endeavor: bio-inspired biomaterials are designed to supply a healthy ECMlike structure, capable of filling the lesion cavity, favoring transplanted cell engraftment, providing physical support to endogenous neurogenesis and also tuning the inflammatory response to protect spared neurons. The strategies used to manufacture biomimetic hydrogel scaffold represent particularly important prospects of novel therapies for CNS regeneration. During this review, we describe with details the most promising regulatory pathways from ECM involved in the CNS injury and regeneration and we draw a line to the biomimetic potential of engineered nanostructured biomaterials aimed at mimicking extracellular matrix constructs and favoring the release of pro-regenerative agents. Lastly, a brief overview of their application in clinical trials is provided.