gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Linking auto- and cross-correlation functions with correlation equations: Application to estimating the relative travel times and amplitudes of multipath (1998)

A location problem is considered where the sound which propagates along multipath are impractical to model because the environment is poorly known. The acoustic bandwidth is assumed to be large enough so that the cross-correlation functions between pairs of receivers contain multiple peaks from multipath. The highest peak may not correspond to the difference in path lengths between the source and the receivers. Using similarities in the patterns of peaks in auto- and cross-correlation functions, an algorithm is developed to identify which cross-correlation peak corresponds to the difference in first arrivals, which can be used for locating the source if these arrivals are straight. The similarities are expressed with new “correlation equations.” The number of lag-type correlation equations is O(R2N2), where N is the typical number of multipath at each of R receivers. The correlation equations may be impractical to solve exactly. Accurate solutions are found in simulations for the numbers, relative travel times, and amplitudes of all the multipath with the aid of a new “augmented-template correlation function” which is a cross-correlation of nonnegative lags of an auto-correlation function with lags from a cross-correlation function. The technique relies on time series which are filtered to yield one dominant source.
Gastric-Mucocutaneous γδ T Cell Lymphoma: Possible Association with Epstein-Barr Virus ? (1999)

Gammadelta T cell lymphoma is usually either subcutaneous or hepato-splenic and involvement of other extranodal sites is rare. Here we report an unusual case of gammadelta T cell lymphoma involving the subcutaneous tissue, vocal cords, gastric mucosa and the central nervous system with a rapidly progressive clinical course and fatal outcome. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was shown to be present in the tumor cells, and is thought to play a role in the pathophysiology of this particular case of lymphoma.
199 Temporally Coordinated Deep Brain Stimulation in the Dorsal and Ventral Striatum Synergistically Enhances Associative Learning (2015)

INTRODUCTION: Considerable evidence points to cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuits in cognitive, limbic, and motor functions. Specifically, the connections between caudate, nucleus accumbens (NAc), and prefrontal cortex have been implicated in behavioral learning and motivation. Precisely timed stimulation of the caudate during a behavioral task enhances learning beyond baseline in normal primates. We test the overarching hypothesis that combined intermittent stimulation of the caudate and NAc leads to enhanced learning. Our specific hypothesis is that there are 2 streams of information processing in the anterior striatum, dorsal and ventral, that perform complementary but different roles. We believe that the dorsal stream, which includes the caudate, is involved in the executive aspect of associative learning, whereas the ventral stream, which includes the NAc, is involved in providing the motivation for the performance of learned behavior. METHODS: Two primates were trained to perform a visuomotor learning task, wherein the animal was required to learn, by trial-and-error, to associate arbitrary visual images with specific movements in 1 of 4 directions. The monkeys used a touch screen to associate the visual image with 1 of 4 targets displayed in the periphery. The subjects received stimulation at time points critical to learning related changes. RESULTS: Significant associative learning was seen with caudate stimulation at positive feedback compared to no stimulation. A further increased synergistic effect in learning was seen with dual stimulation of NAc (before image presentation) and caudate (at positive feedback). Reaction time was significantly quicker with dual stimulation. Stimulation of each brain region alone or at different time points did not generate the same effect. CONCLUSION: Enhancing visuomotor performance may be beneficial to patients who have cognitive-motor deficits caused by traumatic brain injury. Deep brain stimulation strategies augmenting learning and motivational processes could be used in humans to enhance a broad range of functions including gross motor movements and decision making.
The Role of the 7B2 CT Peptide in the Inhibition of Prohormone Convertase 2 in Endocrine Cell Lines (1999)

Abstract : Prohormone convertase (PC) 2 plays an important role in the processing of neuropeptide precursors via the regulated secretory pathway in neuronal and endocrine tissues. PC2 interacts with 7B2, a neuroendocrine protein that is cleaved to a 21‐kDa domain involved in proPC2 maturation and a carboxyl‐terminal peptide (CT peptide) that represents a potent inhibitor of PC2 in vitro. A role for the CT peptide as an inhibitor in vivo has not yet been established. To study the involvement of the CT peptide in PC2‐mediated cleavages in neuroendocrine cells, we constructed a mutant proenkephalin (PE) expression vector containing PE with its carboxyl‐terminal peptide (peptide B) replaced with the 7B2 inhibitory CT peptide. This PECT chimera was stably transfected into two PC2‐expressing cell lines, AtT‐20/PC2 and Rin cells. Although recombinant PECT proved to be a potent (n M ) inhibitor of PC2 in vitro, cellular PC2‐mediated cleavages of PE were not inhibited by the PECT chimera, nor was proopiomelanocortin cleavage (as assessed by adrenocorticotropin cleavage to α‐melanocyte‐stimulating hormone) inhibited further than in control cells expressing only the competitive substrate PE. Tests of stimulated secretion showed that both the CT peptide and the PE portion of the chimera were stored in regulated secretory granules of transfected clones. In both AtT‐20/PC2 and Rin cells expressing the chimera, the CT peptide was substantially internally hydrolyzed, potentially accounting for the observed lack of inhibition. Taken together, our data suggest that overexpressed CT peptide derived from PECT is unable to inhibit PC2 in mature secretory granules, most likely due to its inactivation by PC2 or by other enzyme(s).
Defective Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte Chemotaxis in Homosexual Men with Persistent Lymph Node Syndrome (1984)

Persistent lymph node syndrome, epidemiologically related to acquired immune deficiency syndrome, is characterized by reactive lymphadenopathy and an increased incidence of localized bacterial, viral, and fungal infections. Seven typical patients were found to have a localized infection every 4.5 +/- 2.0 months (mean +/- SD) since onset of adenopathy. Because recurrent bacterial infections may be associated with defective polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) function, studies of PMNL function in these patients were undertaken. The patients' PMNLs had diminished chemotactic responses to high concentrations of two structurally distinct chemotactic factors, leukotriene B4 and N-formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine. The patients' PMNLs also had deficient degranulating responses to the former but not to the latter. Diminished PMNL function may contribute to the observed increased incidence of localized infections, which are a major source of morbidity, in these patients.
Principles for the Prediction of Video Decoding Times Applied to MPEG-1/2 and MPEG-4 Part 2 Video (2006)

In this paper, we present a method to predict per-frame decoding times of modern video decoder algorithms. By examining especially the MPEG-1, MPEG-2, and MPEG-4 pt. 2 algorithms, we developed a generic model for these decoders, which also applies to a wide range of other decoders. From this model, we derived a method to predict decoding times with an up-to-now unmatched accuracy while keeping the overhead low. We show the effectiveness of this method with an example implementation and compare the resulting predictions with the actual decoding times using video material from commercial DVDs
ChemInform Abstract: The Synthesis and Transition Temperatures of Some Difluorosubstituted Cyclohexanes. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Joint Opportunistic Scheduling and Spectrum Sharing (2009)

In this paper, a novel framework is proposed to integrate spectrum (resource) sharing into multihop scheduling in relay-assisted systems. This approach provides an effective solution to minimize the effect of extra resources that are required in multihop transmission. Particularly, this approach can be combined with different topologies of resource scheduling to provide better performance in terms of throughput and coverage compared to benchmark non-sharing algorithms.
The Mitochondrial Unfoldase-Peptidase Complex ClpXP Controls Bioenergetics Stress and Metastasis (2016)

Mitochondria must buffer the risk of proteotoxic stress to preserve bioenergetics, but the role of these mechanisms in disease is poorly understood. Using a proteomics screen, we now show that the mitochondrial unfoldase-peptidase complex ClpXP associates with the oncoprotein survivin and the respiratory chain Complex II subunit succinate dehydrogenase B (SDHB) in mitochondria of tumor cells. Knockdown of ClpXP subunits ClpP or ClpX induces the accumulation of misfolded SDHB, impairing oxidative phosphorylation and ATP production while activating "stress" signals of 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation and autophagy. Deregulated mitochondrial respiration induced by ClpXP targeting causes oxidative stress, which in turn reduces tumor cell proliferation, suppresses cell motility, and abolishes metastatic dissemination in vivo. ClpP is universally overexpressed in primary and metastatic human cancer, correlating with shortened patient survival. Therefore, tumors exploit ClpXP-directed proteostasis to maintain mitochondrial bioenergetics, buffer oxidative stress, and enable metastatic competence. This pathway may provide a "drugable" therapeutic target in cancer.
Reduction in current harmonics of electrolytic capacitor-less diode rectifier using inverter-controlled IPM motor (2012)

This paper proposes a new control method to reduce the input current harmonics of electrolytic capacitor less single-phase to three-phase power converters. Typically, the back EMF on IPM motor is not sinusoidal and contains harmonics caused by the rotor structure; therefore, it causes harmonic distortion in the motor control system and generates harmonics in the input current. In order to improve the input current waveform, this paper proposes a multi-loop repetitive control method in q-axis current. Furthermore, this paper proposes a d-axis current control method, which reference is made in synchronous with the source voltage. The experimental results confirm that our proposed method effectively reduces the input power current harmonics. THD of the proposed method obtains 17.6[%]. The maximum power factor of the proposed method obtains 98.5 [%].
Xanthates designed for the preparation of N‐Vinyl pyrrolidone‐based linear and star architectures via RAFT polymerization (2014)

ABSTRACT Novel xanthate RAFT agents, RAFT1‐5, designed for the preparation of a range of novel N‐vinyl pyrrolidone‐based polymeric materials with linear and star architectures via RAFT polymerization are reported. Ethyl pyrrolidone moiety was included in the structures of the xanthates as a part of R (RAFT1‐3) or Z group (RAFT4) to evaluate their effect on the polymerization and to impart homogeneity in the resulting products. The xanthates were designed to fragment to give primary (RAFT1), secondary (RAFT2 and 4), and tertiary radicals (RAFT 3) allowing evaluation of their effect on polymerization. RAFT5 was designed to produce polymeric materials with four‐arm architectures. RAFT1 showed comparable characteristics as conventional radical polymerization. RAFT2 and RAFT4 exhibited living/controlled polymerizations, owing to the combination of stable secondary radical species and incorporation of ethyl pyrrolidone moiety as the R and Z group, respectively. RAFT2 and RAFT5 gave first examples of random copolymers of NVP and VAc with linear and four‐arm star architectures, all exhibiting monomodal distributions and narrow dispersity. The four‐arm PVAc star was used as a macroCTA to synthesize amphiphilic four‐arm star PVAc‐block‐PNVP. The TEM investigation showed the formation of spherical micelles with an average diameter of about 60 nm. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015 , 53 , 775–786
Tumor Suppressor Smad4 Is a Transforming Growth Factor β-Inducible DNA Binding Protein (1997)

Members of the Smad family of proteins are thought to play important roles in transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta)-mediated signal transduction. In response to TGF-beta, specific Smads become inducibly phosphorylated, form heteromers with Smad4, and undergo nuclear accumulation. In addition, overexpression of specific Smad combinations can mimic the transcriptional effect of TGF-beta on both the plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) promoter and the reporter construct p3TP-Lux. Although these data suggest a role for Smads in regulating transcription, the precise nuclear function of these heteromeric Smad complexes remains largely unknown. Here we show that in Mv1Lu cells Smad3 and Smad4 form a TGF-beta-induced, phosphorylation-dependent, DNA binding complex that specifically recognizes a bipartite binding site within p3TP-Lux. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Smad4 itself is a DNA binding protein which recognizes the same sequence. Interestingly, mutations which eliminate the Smad DNA binding site do not interfere with either TGF-beta-dependent transcriptional activation or activation by Smad3/Smad4 cooverexpression. In contrast, mutation of adjacent AP1 sites within this context eliminates both TGF-beta-dependent transcriptional activation and activation in response to Smad3/Smad4 cooverexpression. Furthermore, concatemerized AP1 sites, in isolation, are activated by Smad3/Smad4 cooverexpression and, to a certain extent, by TGF-beta. Taken together, these data suggest that the Smad3/Smad4 complex has at least two separable nuclear functions: it forms a rapid, yet transient sequence-specific DNA binding complex, and it potentiates AP1-dependent transcriptional activation.
Contrastive Siamese Network for Semi-Supervised Speech Recognition (2022)

This paper introduces contrastive siamese (c-siam) network, an architecture for leveraging unlabeled acoustic data in speech recognition. c-siam is the first network that extracts high-level linguistic information from speech by matching outputs of two identical transformer encoders. It contains augmented and target branches which are trained by: (1) masking inputs and matching outputs with a contrastive loss, (2) incorporating a stop gradient operation on the target branch, (3) using an extra learnable transformation on the augmented branch, (4) introducing new temporal augment functions to prevent the shortcut learning problem. We use the Libri-light 60k unsupervised data and the LibriSpeech 100hrs/960hrs supervised data to compare c-siam and other best-performing systems. Our experiments show that c-siam provides 20% relative word error rate improvement over wav2vec baselines. A c-siam network with 450M parameters achieves competitive results compared to the state-of-the-art networks with 600M parameters.
An incentive‐compatible modification of the heal algorithm (1983)

Abstract This note proposes a simple modification of the Heal algorithm for resource allocation that has the property of incentive‐compatibility. It is shown, under some assumptions, that participants can be induced to report the truth in their own interest so as to achieve a group optimum.
Cartesian Tracking Of Unknown Time-Varying Number Of Speakers Using Distributed Microphone Pairs (2013)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Marrakech, Morocco, 2013
Part 4: Targeting Cancer Pathways: The Epigenetics Question (2015)

This webinar is the fourth in a series focusing on the cancer pathways that support tumor development, the emerging research in identifying and targeting these pathways, and innovations in the development of increasingly effective cancer therapy options. Recent advances in our understanding of cancer have revealed that the disease cannot be understood through simple analysis of genetic mutations within the cancerous cells. Instead, tumors should be considered as complex tissues in which the cancer cells communicate directly and indirectly with the surrounding cellular microenvironment and evolve traits that promote their own survival. In this webinar we will explore how aberrant changes in epigenetic modification can affect the expression of key genes and contribute to the pathological progression of cancer. View the Webinar
Identification of ten loci associated with height highlights new biological pathways in human growth (2021)

Height is a classic polygenic trait, reflecting the combined influence of multiple as-yet-undiscovered genetic factors. We carried out a meta-analysis of genome-wide association study data of height from 15,821 individuals at 2.2 million SNPs, and followed up the strongest findings in >10,000 subjects. Ten newly identified and two previously reported loci were strongly associated with variation in height (P values from 4 × 10-7 to 8 × 10-22). Together, these 12 loci account for ~2% of the population variation in height. Individuals with ≤8 height-increasing alleles and ≥16 height-increasing alleles differ in height by ~3.5 cm. The newly identified loci, along with several additional loci with strongly suggestive associations, encompass both strong biological candidates and unexpected genes, and highlight several pathways (let-7 targets, chromatin remodeling proteins and Hedgehog signaling) as important regulators of human stature. These results expand the picture of the biological regulation of human height and of the genetic architecture of this classical complex trait.
Lithium‐Ion Batteries: Hydrothermal Realization of High‐Power Nanocomposite Cathodes for Lithium Ion Batteries (Adv. Energy Mater. 3/2012) (2012)

Portrayal of a nanocomposite of crystalline LiMnO4 grown in situ within a conductive network of carbon nanotubes. This growth process results in inter-penetration of the octahedral crystals by the carbon nanotubes, providing increased electronic conduction throughout the material. Unlike conventional electrode fabrication procedures, the nanocomposite is obtained by a rapid new low-temperature reaction in water, as described by D. E. Morse and co-workers on page 309. When used as a positive electrode in Li-ion batteries, it provides very high power capability and offers significantly faster charging rates for future batteries. (Image: Rasmus Porsager)
A wireless infrared link for a 16-channel EEG telemetry system (2002)

A prototype data-transmission link is presented based on bidirectional transmission of infrared light. The link was applied in a 16-channel EEG recording system. The system uses a sample rate of 1 kHz per channel and an accuracy of 12-bits. The bidirectional transmission format employed allows regulation of optical output power and direction, as well as synchronization of the sample rate with the signal processing hardware. The maximum distance between the mobile and stationary section was 5 meters.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) Actuator With Embedded Liquid Metal Curvature Sensor for Closed-Loop Control (2021)

We introduce a soft robot actuator composed of a pre-stressed elastomer film embedded with shape memory alloy (SMA) and a liquid metal (LM) curvature sensor. SMA-based actuators are commonly used as electrically-powered limbs to enable walking, crawling, and swimming of soft robots. However, they are susceptible to overheating and long-term degradation if they are electrically stimulated before they have time to mechanically recover from their previous activation cycle. Here, we address this by embedding the soft actuator with a capacitive LM sensor capable of measuring bending curvature. The soft sensor is thin and elastic and can track curvature changes without significantly altering the natural mechanical properties of the soft actuator. We show that the sensor can be incorporated into a closed-loop "bang-bang" controller to ensure that the actuator fully relaxes to its natural curvature before the next activation cycle. In this way, the activation frequency of the actuator can be dynamically adapted for continuous, cyclic actuation. Moreover, in the special case of slower, low power actuation, we can use the embedded curvature sensor as feedback for achieving partial actuation and limiting the amount of curvature change.
Macromers by Carbocationic Polymerization. X. Synthesis, Characterization, and Polymerizability of Cyanoacrylate-Capped Polyisobutylenes (1991)

The objectives of this research were the synthesis and characterization of the following linear and three-arm star cyanoacrylate polyi-sobutylenes: and an examination of their polymerizability. The syntheses involved the Diels-Alder protection of 2-cyanoisobutyl acrylate (IB-CA) with anthracene followed by hydrolysis and conversion to the 2-cyanoacryloyl chloride. The protected cyanoacryloyl chloride was then reacted with one- or two-ended linear or three-ended three-arm star -CH2OH terminated polyisobutylenes (PIB-OH, HO-PIB-OH, and Deprotection by excess maleic anhydride yielded the target macromers. 1H-NMR and FTIR spectroscopic analyses indicated quantitative CH2=C(CN)COO– end-capping. The solution polymerization of a PIB-CA macromer (M = 2380) with N,N-dimethyl-p-toluidine (DMT) at room temperature gave high molecular weight product (M 35,000). Solution polymerization of CA-PIB-CA and gave networks with low (9–12%) sol fractions. The bulk copolymerization of with IB-CA also occurred readily.
New Dark Matter Detectors using DNA or RNA for Nanometer Tracking (2012)

Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) may constitute most of the matter in the Universe. The ability to detect the directionality of recoil nuclei will considerably facilitate detection of WIMPs. In this paper we propose a novel type of dark matter detector: detectors made of DNA or RNA could provide nanometer resolution for tracking, an energy threshold of 0.5 keV, and can operate at room temperature. When a WIMP from the Galactic Halo elastically scatters off of a nucleus in the detector, the recoiling nucleus then traverses hundreds of strings of single stranded nucleic acids (ssNA) with known base sequences and severs ssNA strands along its trajectory. The location of the break can be identified by amplifying and identifying the segments of cut ssNA using techniques well known to biologists. Thus the path of the recoiling nucleus can be tracked to nanometer accuracy. In one such detector concept, the transducers are nanometer-thick Au-foils of 1m x 1m, and the direction of recoiling nuclei is measured by "NA Tracking Chamber" consisting of ordered array of ssNA strands. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and ssNA sequencing are used to read-out the detector. The proposed detector is smaller and cheaper than other alternatives: 1 kg of gold and 0.1 to 4 kg of ssNA (depending on length and strand density), packed into 0.01m$^3$, can be used to study 10 GeV WIMPs. A variety of other detector target elements could be used in this detector to optimize for different WIMP masses and to identify WIMP properties. By leveraging advances in molecular biology, we aim to achieve about 1,000-fold better spatial resolution than in conventional WIMP detectors at reasonable cost.