gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Template-Aluminosilicate Structures at the Early Stages of Zeolite ZSM-5 Formation. A Combined Preparative, Solid-state NMR, and Computational Study (2005)

Species at three stages in the self-assembly of zeolite ZSM-5 have been studied with one- and two-dimensional magic-angle-spinning 13C, 27Al, 29Si, and 1H NMR spectroscopy and compared with the earlier proposed structures: (1) precursor species containing 33-36 T sites around a tetrapropylammonium (TPA) cation, (2) nanoslabs consisting of a flat 4 x 3 array of such precursors, and (3) the final TPA-ZSM-5 zeolite. Synthesis was carried out in D2O to suppress the water and silanol protons. Under such conditions, the effective Si-H and Al-H distances measured with 29Si-{1H} and 27Al-{1H} rotational echo double resonance (REDOR) reflect the interactions between TPA cations and the surrounding aluminosilica. The 29Si-{1H} REDOR curves for Q4-type silicon atoms at the three mentioned stages are closely similar, as well as the observed 27Al-1H REDOR curve for the precursor species compared to that for the TPA-ZSM-5. This indicates that in addition to externally attached TPA, there is also internal TPA already incorporated at an early stage into the aluminosilicate in a similar way as in the final zeolite, in accordance with the earlier proposed MFI self-assembly pathway (Kirschhock et al. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 2637). However, the effective distances extracted from the initial REDOR curvatures are significantly (10-15%) larger than those computed for the model. Since there is no temperature effect, we tentatively assign this difference to a reduction of the 29Si-1H and 27Al-1H interactions by multispin decoherence effects or self-decoupling caused by proton spin diffusion. By assuming the computed model distances and fitting Anderson-Weiss curves to the observed REDOR data, we obtain similar "decoherence times" in the order of 0.1 ms. The observed 29Si-{1H} REDOR dephasing for the Q3 sites in the precursors is significantly faster than that for the Q4 sites. This is tentatively ascribed to a partial deuteron-proton back exchange at the silanol positions.
Nitrate Absorption by Corn Roots (1988)

Nitrate transport in excised corn (Zea mays L.) roots was inhibited by phenylglyoxal, but not by 4,4'-diisothiocyano-2,2'-stilbene disulfonic acid (DIDS) or fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC). Inhibition of nitrate uptake by a 1-hour treatment with 1 millimolar phenylglyoxal was reversed after 3 hours, which was similar to the time needed for induction of nitrate uptake. If induction of nitrate uptake occurs by de novo synthesis of a nitrate carrier, then the resumption of nitrate uptake in the inhibitor-treated roots may occur because of turnover of phenylglyoxal-inactivated nitrate carrier proteins. All three chemicals inhibited chloride uptake to varying degrees, with FITC being the strongest inhibitor. While inhibition due to DIDS was reversible within 30 minutes, both FITC and phenylglyoxal showed continued inhibition of chloride uptake for up to 3 hours after removal from the uptake solution. Assuming that the anion transporter polypeptide(s) carries a positive charge density at or near the transport site, the results indicate that the nitrate carrier does not carry any lysyl residues that are accessible to DIDS or FITC, whereas the chloride carrier does. Both chloride and nitrate carriers, however, seem to possess arginyl residues that are accessible to phenylglyoxal.
Underestimated corneal abnormalities prior to cataract surgery in university hospital settings (2020)

Maeno, Sayo MD; Koh, Shizuka MD, PhD; Ambrósio, Renato Jr MD, PhD; Nishida, Kohji MD, PhD Author Information
A Low-Cost and Simple Control Approach for Two-Phase Induction Motors at High Speeds (2014)

This paper proposes a method to control two-phase induction motors using a two-leg inverter. This method represents superior dynamic behavior and is suitable for the field-weakening region and high speed applications. In the proposed Approximate Stator Flux Control (ASFC) method, mechanical sensors and current transducers are not required. Therefore, the implementation cost of ASFC drives is comparable with the conventional scalar control drives. In the ASFC method, a switching table controls the rotating field speed of the motor by adjusting its stator flux modulus. The relationship between the stator flux modulus and rotating field speed is derived. The average switching frequency of an ASFC drive is also derived. This parameter is controlled by the ASFC drive. Via simulation and experimental case studies, high-speed operation of a two-phase ASFC drive is compared with the performance of a conventional scalar drive in start-up and steady state conditions. The validity of the presented equations required to control two-phase induction motors is also demonstrated.
Experimental results of covert channel limitation in one-way communication systems (2002)

With the increasing growth of electronic communications, it is becoming important to provide a mechanism for enforcing various security policies on network communications. This paper discusses our implementation of several previously proposed protocols that enforce the Bell-LaPadula (1973) security model. We also introduce a new protocol called "Quantized Pump" that offers several advantages, and present experimental results to support our claims.
Digital Holographic Microscopy applied to the study of Topology and Deformations of Cells with Sub-Micron Resolution: Example of Neurons In Culture (2002)

LOA
Evolution of Strategies for Modern Rechargeable Batteries (2012)

This Account provides perspective on the evolution of the rechargeable battery and summarizes innovations in the development of these devices. Initially, I describe the components of a conventional rechargeable battery along with the engineering parameters that define the figures of merit for a single cell. In 1967, researchers discovered fast Na(+) conduction at 300 K in Na β,β''-alumina. Since then battery technology has evolved from a strongly acidic or alkaline aqueous electrolyte with protons as the working ion to an organic liquid-carbonate electrolyte with Li(+) as the working ion in a Li-ion battery. The invention of the sodium-sulfur and Zebra batteries stimulated consideration of framework structures as crystalline hosts for mobile guest alkali ions, and the jump in oil prices in the early 1970s prompted researchers to consider alternative room-temperature batteries with aprotic liquid electrolytes. With the existence of Li primary cells and ongoing research on the chemistry of reversible Li intercalation into layered chalcogenides, industry invested in the production of a Li/TiS2 rechargeable cell. However, on repeated recharge, dendrites grew across the electrolyte from the anode to the cathode, leading to dangerous short-circuits in the cell in the presence of the flammable organic liquid electrolyte. Because lowering the voltage of the anode would prevent cells with layered-chalcogenide cathodes from competing with cells that had an aqueous electrolyte, researchers quickly abandoned this effort. However, once it was realized that an oxide cathode could offer a larger voltage versus lithium, researchers considered the extraction of Li from the layered LiMO2 oxides with M = Co or Ni. These oxide cathodes were fabricated in a discharged state, and battery manufacturers could not conceive of assembling a cell with a discharged cathode. Meanwhile, exploration of Li intercalation into graphite showed that reversible Li insertion into carbon occurred without dendrite formation. The SONY corporation used the LiCoO2/carbon battery to power their initial cellular telephone and launched the wireless revolution. As researchers developed 3D transition-metal hosts, manufacturers introduced spinel and olivine hosts in the Lix[Mn2]O4 and LiFe(PO4) cathodes. However, current Li-ion batteries fall short of the desired specifications for electric-powered automobiles and the storage of electrical energy generated by wind and solar power. These demands are stimulating new strategies for electrochemical cells that can safely and affordably meet those challenges.
Stability of Scattering Decoder For Nonlinear Diffractive Imaging (2018)

The problem of image reconstruction under multiple light scattering is usually formulated as a regularized non-convex optimization. A deep learning architecture, Scattering Decoder (ScaDec), was recently proposed to solve this problem in a purely data-driven fashion. The proposed method was shown to substantially outperform optimization-based baselines and achieve state-of-the-art results. In this paper, we thoroughly test the robustness of ScaDec to different permittivity contrasts, number of transmissions, and input signal-to-noise ratios. The results on high-fidelity simulated datasets show that the performance of ScaDec is stable in different settings.
Relevance of measurement of serum periostin for diagnosing bronchial asthma and estimating its lung function abnormalities (2012)

Bronchial asthma is diagnosed by combination of presence of characteristic symptoms and measurement of reversibility of lung function abnormalities. Non-invasive markers such as levels of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and sputum eosinophilia have potential usefulness for diagnosis of bronchial asthma and determination of optimal treatment; however, these biomarkers contain several problems in specificity in diseases. Periostin, an extracellular matrix protein downstream of IL-4/IL-13 signals, has emerged as a novel biomarker for bronchial asthma. Particularly, it has been recently shown that efficacy of anti-IL-13 antibody can be predicted using serum periostin levels in steroid-resistant asthma patients. However, it still remains undetermined how measurement of serum periostin level is relevant for diagnosing bronchial asthma. The study group comprised 37 patients with asthma and 30 healthy subjects. In both groups, serum concentrations of SCCA1, SCCA2, periostin (SS18A SS17B) were measured. In asthmatic patients, serum IgE concentrations, eosinophil counts, and exhaled NO levels were also measured. Serum concentrations of periostin (SS18A SS17B) was significantly higher in the asthmatic patients than in the control subjects. Serum concentrations of both types of periostin strongly correlated with eosinophil counts and exhaled NO levels. In contrast, serum SCCA concentrations did not differ between the control subjects and asthmatic patients or significantly correlate with any variable studied.Our results suggested that serum periostin concentrations may be a significant diagnostic marker of bronchial asthma that correlates with eosinophil counts.
Constrained Holistic Cornering Control (2014)

The objective of the Holistic Corner Control (HCC) is to keep the vehicle on a target path by minimizing the error between the actual and target center of gravity (CG) forces and moment. A real time optimization procedure has been proposed in order to calculate the necessary tire force adjustments to minimize the error and to give the driver a normal driving feel even though the road conditions differ from what is perceived. In this paper, we extend the HCC methodology by adding constraints to the optimization problem. Some important applications are (1) differential braking on all wheels (AWD), applicable to both electrically driven wheels or conventional cars; and (2) hybrid torque vectoring on front wheels (FWD) and differential braking on the rear wheels. Performance of the constrained HCC is compared against the HCC optimization using both simulation and experimental results.
Front Cover: Diversified Syntheses of Tetrathia[7]helicenes by Metal‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 3/2021) (2020)

The Front Cover Feature shows the spectacular curved staircase of the Vatican Museums designed by Giuseppe Momo and opened in 1932, as background of our synthetic methodologies aimed to convert atropoisomer species based on benzodithiophenes into chiral helical-shaped tetrathiahelicenes. The helix staircase recalls the peculiar topology of tetrathiahelicenes conferred by the fixed helical arrangement of their π-conjugated system. We thank Chiara Elitropi for the illustration and Claudio Ciardi for the background photo of Momo staircase. More information can be found in the Full Paper by Silvia Cauteruccio et al..
Observations of Swirling Flows Behind Circular Disks (2001)

Thee owpatternsofaswirlingjetsubjecttotheine uencesofvariouscentralblockagesarestudiedexperimentally via the smoke-wire e ow visualization method. Details of the observed e ow structures are described and discussed. Thee owstructuresdisplay multiplemodes,depending on theblockageratio and swirlnumber. When theblockage ratio is less than about 0.1, swirling wake, vortex breakdown, and three-dimensional vortex shedding are observed for different ranges of swirl number. When the blockage ratio is greater than about 0.1, the bluff-body effect becomes signie cant. In this case, a pair of counter-rotating vortex rings and a central swirling jet characterize the e owe eld. Axisymmetric vortex breakdown and three-dimensional vortex shedding may appear on the central swirling jetwhen theswirlnumberorblockageratio islargerthan critical values.Somecharacteristicquantities of thee owe eld aremeasuredandcorrelated,includingthefreeseparationlines,recirculationlengths,andfrequencies of the vortex shedding.
The effect of sampling rate on interpretation of the temporal characteristics of radiative and convective heating in wildland flames (2012)

Time-resolved radiative and convective heating measurements were collected on a prescribed burn in coniferous fuels at a sampling frequency of 500 Hz. Evaluation of the data in the time and frequency domain indicate that this sampling rate was sufficient to capture the temporal fluctuations of radiative and convective heating. The convective heating signal contained significantly larger fluctuations in magnitude and frequency than did the radiative heating signal. The data were artificially down-sampled to 100, 50, 10, 5 and 1 Hz to explore the effect of sampling rate on peak heat fluxes, time-averaged heating and integrated heating. Results show that for sampling rates less than 5 Hz the difference between measured and actual peak radiative heating rates can be as great as 24%, and is on the order of 80% for 1-Hz sampling rates. Convective heating showed degradation in the signal for sampling rates less than 100 Hz. Heating rates averaged over a 2-s moving window, as well as integrated radiative and convective heating were insensitive to sampling rate across all ranges explored. The data suggest that peak radiative and convective heating magnitudes cannot be fully temporally resolved for sampling frequencies lower than 20 and 200 Hz.
Comparative kinetic analyses of interaction of inhibitors with Rauscher murine leukemia virus and human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptases (1996)

The inhibitory effects of several nucleoside triphosphate analogs on Rauscher murine leukemia virus (RMuLV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 reverse transcriptases (RTs) were studied. With RNA as the template, the apparent K(m) and apparent K(i) values of HIV RT toward its substrates and inhibitors are 12 to 500 times lower than the corresponding values for RMuLV RT. However, the k(i)/k(m) ratios (inhibition efficiencies) for HIV and RMuLV RTs'are similar for AZTTP (zidovudine triphosphate), d4TTP [3'-deoxythymidine-2'-ene-(3'-deoxy-2',3'-didehydrothymidine) triphosphate], PMEADP [9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine diphosphate], FIAUTP [1-(2-fluoro-2-deoxy-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-iodouracil triphosphate], and HPMPCDP [(S)-1-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphylmethoxypropyl) cytosine diphosphate]. With DNA as the template, the K(m) values are similar for HIV and RMuLV RTs. However, the K(i)/K(m) values of HIV and RMuLV RTs are significantly different for ddCTP, ddATP, and 3TCTP (2',3'-dideoxy-3'-thiacytidine). The RTs of RMuLV and HIV are sufficiently different from one another that the kinetic inhibition constants for a particular antiviral compounds should be determined to indicate whether anti-RMuLV activity is likely to be predictive for the anti-HIV activity of the compound. This information, in conjunction with species-specific drug metabolism differences and tissue culture antiviral activity, is important in determining the suitability of a particular animal model.
Tensile-Strained Ge/SiGe Quantum-Well Microdisks with overlying SiNx Stressors (2016)

We demonstrate Ge/SiGe multiple-quantum-well microdisks on Si substrates with SiNx stressors on top. The strain transferred from the SiNx to the Ge quantum wells are determined by photoluminescence and Raman measurements, and are in agreement with simulation results.
Supplementary Figure 5 from Suppression of MicroRNA-9 by Mutant EGFR Signaling Upregulates FOXP1 to Enhance Glioblastoma Tumorigenicity (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 48KB, Silencing FOXP1 inhibits the growth of U87deltaEGFR tumors.&lt;/p&gt;
LeapFrogging: A Technique for Accurate Long-Distance Ground Navigation and Positioning Without GPS (2017)

In this work, we describe a dead-reckoning navigation system that combines elements of traditional map & compass orienteering techniques with concepts from collaborative positioning and field surveying. Using two or more people, and with various technologies to perform ranging and/or directional measurements, the users take turns moving from a known starting position. The LeapFrogging system tracks the measurements and is able to reconstruct the estimated path and provide a current position estimate to the users. Various technologies and movement schemes that can be utilized for LeapFrogging are explained and discussed. Test results from several field data collections are provided, and demonstrate that positional errors are usually on the order of 1-3% positional error per distance traveled, and sometimes reach as low as 0.5 to 1.0% error. A man-portable LeapFrogging system could be useful for teams of Special Forces soldiers, ground infantry, search-and-rescue teams, forest firefighters, orienteers, cave explorers, and other mobile groups. The system is intended to track position with high precision in regions where GPS may be degraded, denied, or temporarily unavailable.
ICT Based Performance Evaluation of Primary Frequency Control Support from Renewable Power Plants in Smart Grids (2018)

The increased penetration of Renewable Energy Generation (ReGen) plants in future power systems poses several challenges to the stability of the entire system. In future green energy rich power systems, the responsibility for providing ancillary services will be shifted from conventional power plants towards ReGen plants, such as wind and photovoltaic power plants. Frequency control support from the Wind Power Plants (WPPs) is one of the crucial ancillary services in order to preserve operational stability in case of grid disturbances. Among other requirements, the ability to provide fast frequency control support from ReGen plants will highly depend on the underlying communication infrastructure that allows an exchange of information between different ReGen plants and the control centers. This paper, therefore, focuses on the evaluation of the impact of communication and the related aspects to provide online frequency control support from ReGen (with special focus on WPP). The performance evaluation is based on an aggregated WPP model that is integrated into a generic power system model. This generic power system model is specifically designed to assess the ancillary services in a relatively simple yet relevant environment. Several case studies with different wind speeds at a particular wind-power penetration level and communication scenarios are considered to evaluate the performance of power system frequency response. The article provides the Transmission System Operator (TSO) and other communication engineers insights into the importance and various aspects of communication infrastructure for general service coordination between WPPs and specifically primary frequency control coordination from WPPs in future power systems.
Real-Life Indoor MIMO Performance with Ultra-Compact LTE Nodes (2015)

With the ever increasing demand for mobile broadband service with very high bitrates to indoor users, there is large industry traction around different types of In Building Solutions (IBS) for Long Term Evolution (LTE). Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) is a key feature in LTE enabling significantly improved user bitrates, and the indoor channel characteristics are also expected to be in favor for MIMO performance. Despite this, due to deployment constraints and design constraints on the IBS antenna design and size, many IBS deployments of today do not support MIMO. As the market evolves, this is finally changing and in this paper, the 2x2 MIMO performance is measured in real-life with small-size radio equipment, a commercial smartphone and a low-power radio head, both with a size of approximately a wavelength. Despite the small antennas, the performance is found to be very good supporting rank-2 transmission on almost the whole 2500 m² office floor with only 100 mW transmission power. In more than half of the area, the user bitrate exceeds the maximum rank-1 bitrate, demonstrating the value of MIMO. Also in Line-Of-Sight (LOS) conditions, traditionally a weakness for MIMO performance, the indoor channel richness facilitates rank-2 transmission. The 2x2 MIMO performance is found to be limited rather by propagation loss than MIMO channel characteristics and antenna size, which demonstrates the potential for ultra-compact 2x2 MIMO indoor antenna heads.