gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of image quality and dose on a flat-panel CT-scanner (2005)

We developed and evaluated a prototype flat-panel detector based Volume CT (VCT) scanner. We focused on improving the image quality using different detector settings and reducing x-ray scatter intensities. For the presented results we used a Varian 4030CB flat-panel detector mounted in a multislice CT-gantry (Siemens Medical Systems). The scatter intensities may severely impair image quality in flat-panel detector CT systems. To reduce the impact of scatter we tested bowtie shaped filters, anti-scatter grids and post-processing correction algorithms. We evaluated the improvement of image quality by each method and also by a combination of the several methods. To achieve an extended dynamic range in the projection data, we implemented a novel dynamic gain-switching mode. The read out charge amplifier feedback capacitance is changing dynamically in this mode, depending on the signal level. For this scan mode dedicated corrections in the offset and gain calibration are required. We compared image quality in terms of low contrast for both, the dynamic mode and the standard fixed gain mode. VCT scanners require different types of dose parameters. We measured the dose in a 16 cm CTDI phantom and free air in the scanners iso-center and defined a new metric for a VCT dose index (VCTDI). The dose for a high quality VCT scan of this prototype scanner varied between 15 and 40 mGy.
Mental State Analysis on Eyewear (2018)

Sensors can be worn on various positions on the body such as wristband, clothes, armband, ring, etc. However the head is a strategic position as our brain, eyes, ears, nose and mouth are near. We introduce a short state of the art of the existing technologies for sensing the mental states and the possible applications on eyewear. Analyzing the physical activity has been broadly covered by sensing the physical movement of the body, but mental states need more fine analysis of physiological signals such as blood volume pressure, skin conductance, and brain activity. These signals can give information about emotions and knowledge of the users.
Click and bioorthogonal hyaluronic acid hydrogels as an ultra-tunable platform for the investigation of cell-material interactions (2023)

The cellular microenvironment plays a major role in the biological functions of cells. Thus, biomaterials, especially hydrogels, which can be design to mimic the cellular microenvironment, are being increasingly used for cell encapsulation, delivery, and 3D culture, with the hope of controlling cell functions. Yet, much remains to be understood about the effects of cell-material interactions, and advanced synthetic strategies need to be developed to independently control the mechanical and biochemical properties of hydrogels. To address this challenge, we designed a new hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogel platform using a click and bioorthogonal strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC) reaction. This approach facilitates the synthesis of hydrogels that are easy to synthesize and sterilize, have minimal swelling, are stable long term, and are cytocompatible. It provides bioorthogonal HA gels over an uncommonly large range of stiffness (0.5-45 kPa), all forming within 1-15 min. More importantly, our approach offers a versatile one-pot procedure to independently tune the hydrogel composition (e.g., polymer and adhesive peptides). Using this platform, we investigate the independent effects of polymer type, stiffness, and adhesion on the secretory properties of human adipose-derived stromal cells (hASCs) and demonstrate that HA can enhance the secretion of immunomodulatory factors by hASCs.
Statistics of Natural Stochastic Textures and Their Application in Image Denoising (2016)

Natural stochastic textures (NSTs), characterized by their fine details, are prone to corruption by artifacts, introduced during the image acquisition process by the combined effect of blur and noise. While many successful algorithms exist for image restoration and enhancement, the restoration of natural textures and textured images based on suitable statistical models has yet to be further improved. We examine the statistical properties of NST using three image databases. We show that the Gaussian distribution is suitable for many NST, while other natural textures can be properly represented by a model that separates the image into two layers; one of these layers contains the structural elements of smooth areas and edges, while the other contains the statistically Gaussian textural details. Based on these statistical properties, an algorithm for the denoising of natural images containing NST is proposed, using patch-based fractional Brownian motion model and regularization by means of anisotropic diffusion. It is illustrated that this algorithm successfully recovers both missing textural details and structural attributes that characterize natural images. The algorithm is compared with classical as well as the state-of-the-art denoising algorithms.
Engineering broadband and anisotropic photoluminescence emission from rare earth doped tellurite thin film photonic crystals (2012)

Broadband and anisotropic light emission from rare-earth doped tellurite thin films is demonstrated using Er3+-TeO2 photonic crystals (PhCs). By adjusting the PhC parameters, photoluminescent light can be efficiently coupled into vertical surface emission or lateral waveguide propagation modes. Because of the flexibility of light projection direction, Er3+-TeO2 is a potential broadband light source for integration with three-dimensional photonic circuits and on-chip biochemical sensors.
Crystal structures of a subunit of the formylglycinamide ribonucleotide amidotransferase, PurS, fromThermus thermophilus,Sulfolobus tokodaiiandMethanocaldococcus jannaschii (2016)

The crystal structures of a subunit of the formylglycinamide ribonucleotide amidotransferase, PurS, from Thermus thermophilus, Sulfolobus tokodaii and Methanocaldococcus jannaschii were determined and their structural characteristics were analyzed. For PurS from T. thermophilus, two structures were determined using two crystals that were grown in different conditions. The four structures in the dimeric form were almost identical to one another despite their relatively low sequence identities. This is also true for all PurS structures determined to date. A few residues were conserved among PurSs and these are located at the interaction site with PurL and PurQ, the other subunits of the formylglycinamide ribonucleotide amidotransferase. Molecular-dynamics simulations of the PurS dimer as well as a model of the complex of the PurS dimer, PurL and PurQ suggest that PurS plays some role in the catalysis of the enzyme by its bending motion.
Trial watch (2014)

Tumor-targeting immune responses provide a significant contribution to (when they do not entirely account for) the clinical activity of diverse antineoplastic regimens, encompassing not only a large panel of immunotherapeutic strategies but also conventional cytotoxic molecules, targeted anticancer agents and irradiation. In line with this notion, several approaches have been devised to elicit novel or boost existing anticancer immune responses, including the administration of immunomodulatory cytokines. Such a relatively unspecific intervention suffices to mediate clinical effects in (at least a subset of) patients bearing particularly immunogenic tumors, like melanoma and renal cell carcinoma. More often, however, immunostimulatory cytokines are administered to boost the immunogenic potential of other agents, including (but not limited to) immune checkpoint-blocking antibodies, anticancer vaccines, oncolytic viruses and immunogenic chemotherapeutics. Here, we summarize the latest advances in the clinical development of recombinant cytokines as an immunomodulatory intervention for cancer therapy.
The Role of TRPV1 in Diabetes (2010)

This chapter contains sections titled: Overview A New Model of a Classic Disease Group T1D A Model of T1D Pathogenesis Islet-Innervating Neurons Sensory Neurons Pancreatic Sensory Neurons Islet Endocrine Function of TRPV1 - Positive Sensory Neurons Effects of CGRP on Islet Function Effects of SP on Islet Function TRPV1 on β Cells A Role for TRPV1 in Glucose Metabolism Sensory Neurons and T1D TRPV1 Mutations in the Nod Mouse Lasting Reversal of Acute T1D by SP Summary References
Design and Synthesis of Fused Pyridine Building Blocks for Automated Library Generation (2020)

We demonstrate that a diboration-electrocyclization sequence provides access to a range of pyridine-fused, small-molecule boronic ester building blocks, and that these are amenable to high-throughput synthesis leading to biaryl and ether-linked compound libraries. Moreover, the implementation of an integrated physicochemical and ADME profiling workflow allows accelerated design of novel lead compounds for application in drug-discovery projects.
Handwriting behavior as a self-confidence discriminator (2020)

Receiving feedback based on the combination of self-confidence and correctness of an answer can help learners to improve learning efficiency. In this study, we propose a self-confidence estimation method using a simple touch up/move/down events that can be measured in a classroom environment. We recorded handwriting behavior during the answering vocabulary questions with a tablet and a stylus pen, estimating self-reported confidence. We successfully built a method that can predict the user's self-confidence with a maximum of 73% accuracy.
Physical and electrical characterization and optimization of mesa isolation for 0.35/0.25 μm SOI (2002)

Due to the compressive thinning of the gate oxide and the two dimensional field effects at the top corner of the transistor, there are two problems that SOI shares with bulk: lowering of the threshold voltage and GOI degradation. The V/sub t/ lowering can produce excessive off current and GOI degradation impairs reliability. The focus of this paper is on V/sub t/ degradation. One approach to solving this problem is to increase the radius of curvature of the top corner. By properly targeting the sidewall/corner oxide thickness and increasing the HCl content in the oxidizing species, a substantially larger radius of curvature for the mesa/trench corner can be obtained. Additional improvement is obtained with the use of a sidewall implant to further increase the V/sub t/ of the corner transistor. Although RTO yields the largest radius of curvature, its process cost is not favorable.
Antiangiogenesis efficacy of nitric oxide donors (2000)

Angiogenesis is a complex process involving endothelial cell migration, proliferation, invasion, and tube formation. Inhibition of these processes might have implications in various angiogenesis-mediated disorders. Because nitric oxide (NO) is known to play a key role in various vascular diseases, the present study was undertaken to determine the role of NO in angiogenesis-mediated processes using the NO donor, S-nitroso N-acetyl penicillamine (SNAP) and S-nitroso N-acetyl glutathione (SNAG). The antiangiogenic efficacy of these NO donors was examined using in vivo and in vitro model systems. The in vitro studies demonstrated the ability of SNAP to inhibit cytokine fibroblast growth factor (FGF2)-stimulated tube formation and serum-induced cell proliferation. The inhibitory effect on cell proliferation by SNAP concentrations above the millimolar range was associated with significant shifts in the concentration of NO metabolites. Furthermore, using the mouse Matrigel implant model and the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) models, SNAP demonstrated maximal inhibitory efficacy (85-95% inhibition) of cytokine (FGF2)-induced neovascularization in both in vivo models. SNAP and SNAG resulted in 85% inhibition of FGF2-induced neovascularization in the mouse Matrigel model when given at 5 mg/kg/day infusion in minipumps during 14 days and 87% inhibition of angiogenesis induced by FGF2 in the CAM when administered a single dose of 50 microg. Thus, NO donors might be a useful tool for the inhibition of angiogenesis associated with human tumor growth, or neovascular, ocular, and inflammatory diseases.
Molecular Glues Carrying Multiple Guanidinium Ion Pendants via an Oligoether Spacer: Stabilization of Microtubules against Depolymerization (2009)

Dendron G1(Gu(+))(9)R and linear peptide oligomer Asn(TEG-Gu(+))(9), decorated with multiple guanidinium (Gu(+)) ions as sticky pendants via an oligo(oxyethylene) spacer, adhere to BSA and protein assemblies such as microtubules in aqueous buffers. Using fluorescently labeled G1(Gu(+))(9)R with pyrenyl and rhodamine focal cores, the adhesion process can be visualized by FRET or confocal laser scanning microscopy. The adhesion to microtubules leads to their stabilization against depolymerization into alpha/beta-tubulin heterodimer components, where the effects of G1(Gu(+))(9)R and Asn(TEG-Gu(+))(9) are comparable to that of paclitaxel, known as an anticancer drug. Since G1(Gu(+))(9)R and Asn(TEG-Gu(+))(9) are superior to lower-generation G0(Gu(+))(3)OMe and arginine nonamer, respectively, the multivalency of the interaction and a conformational flexibility of the oligoether spacers play a crucial role in the efficient adhesion to proteins.
Ultrasmall, Water-Soluble Magnetite Nanoparticles with High Relaxivity for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2009)

Ultrasmall (3, 4, 5, and 6 nm), water-soluble Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized in diethylene glycol (DEG) via a facile one-pot reaction. Hydrodynamic size and relaxation time measurements did not show particle aggregation when Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles were dispersed in phosphate buffered saline, fetal bovine serum, or calf bovine serum for 1 week. Furthermore, the new Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles tolerated high salt concentrations (≤1 M NaCl) and a wide pH range from 5 to 11. Surface modification of the nanoparticles with poly(ethylene glycol) bis(carboxymethyl) ether (HOOC-PEG-COOH, 600 g/mol) was accomplished through a ligand-exchange reaction. The effects of PEG modification on magnetization and relaxivity of the Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles were investigated, and the results indicate that the increase in transverse relaxivity after PEG modification may be due to the increased volume of slowly diffusing water surrounding each nanoparticle. In vitro experiments showed that the DEG- and PEG-coated Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles have little effect on NIH/3T3 cell viability.
Multiple scattering theory and its application to photonic band gap systems consisting of coated spheres (2001)

The vector wave multiple scattering method is a reliable and efficient technique in treating the photonic band gap problem for photonic crystals composed of spherically scattering objects with metallic components. In this paper, we describe the formalism and its application to the photonic band structures of systems comprising of metallo-dielectric spheres. We show that the photonic band gaps are essentially determined by local short-range order rather than by the translational symmetry if the volume fraction of the metallic core is high.
Resolución acelerada de problemas: una nueva herramienta de diagnóstico mediante software vigila los sistemas de control de las plantas industriales (2008)

Los grandes sistemas de control utilizados en las plantas industriales complejas constan de millones de líneas de código y contienen módulos de software prefabricados de terceros para atender los aspectos generales de la gestión de procesos. Están entrando en el mercado nuevas versiones de esos módulos, y es posible que los responsables de los sistemas de control de una planta los instalen para estar al día. Estos operadores también instalan en ocasiones otro software que no está relacionado directamente con el sistema de control, y esos cambios en el inventario de software de una planta pueden causar problemas de funcionamiento. Aunque ABB no sea el origen del problema de estas perturbaciones en el sistema de funcionamiento de la planta, asume la responsabilidad del rendimiento global de los sistemas que ha instalado. Los ingenieros de servicio de ABB están alerta 24 horas al día para dar soporte a los operadores y depurar errores en las instalaciones de software del cliente. Encontrar el origen de un problema es un proceso tedioso, dada la complejidad de los sistemas múltiples que deben colaborar, y resolverlo puede llevar varias semanas de interacción constante con los responsables de la planta. Esto se debe a que, por razones de seguridad, los sensibles sistemas de control no están conectados directamente a Internet y, por lo tanto, no permiten un análisis en línea más rápido. Con la determinación de mejorar esta situación que dista de ser ideal, ABB ha desarrollado un conjunto de herramientas de software inteligente para acelerar la resolución de problemas de semanas a horas, con una interacción mínima con los responsables de la planta.
Evolutionary perspective on a compositeShigella flexneri2a virulence plasmid-borne locus comprising three distinct genetic elements (1996)

Nucleotide sequence analysis of a Shigella flexneri 2a virulence plasmid-borne locus revealed that it comprised three distinct genetic elements: a stretch of colicin 1a/1b-linked sequence, a truncated IS911 element, and a third element containing two ORFs that shared a high level of similarity to a Salmonella-specific chromosomal sequence. Examination of other known IS911-like sequences showed that these sequences also were frequently associated with other accessory elements and appeared to be prone to partial deletion events. Analysis of the data led to a model of the evolution of this unusual composite locus.
Back Cover: In Situ Observation of Enhanced Photoinduced Charge Separation in a Gold Nanoparticle Assembly Immobilized on TiO2 (ChemistrySelect 18/2016) (2016)

The cover picture shows a first break shot hitting tightly-racked object balls with a cue ball in eight ball pool-billiard, transposing photoexcitation of a hybrid titanium dioxide surface with a gold nanoparticles assembly immobilized via a biotin–streptavidin interaction. The impact transduced to the “gold” object balls on the “titanium dioxide” playing table, symbolizing efficient storage of the photogenerated negative charge among the gold nanoparticles, which was visualized by Kelvin force microscopy. More information can be found in the Communication by Harada et al. (DOI: 10.1002/slct.201601383).
Co-treatment with heat shock protein 90 inhibitor 17-dimethylaminoethylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (DMAG) and vorinostat: a highly active combination against human Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL) cells (2009)

Heat shock protein (hsp) 90 inhibitors promote proteasomal degradation of pro-growth and pro-survival hsp90 client proteins, including CDK4, c-RAF and AKT, and induce apoptosis of human lymphoma cells. The pan-histone deacetylase inhibitor vorinostat has also been shown to induce growth arrest and apoptosis of lymphoma cells. Here, we determined the effects of the more soluble, orally bio-available, geldanamycin analogue 17-NN-dimethyl ethylenediamine geldanamycin (DMAG, Kosan Biosciences Inc.) and/or vorinostat in cultured and primary human MCL cells. While vorinostat induced accumulation in the G(1) phase, treatment with DMAG arrested MCL cells in the G(2)/M phase of the cell cycle. Both agents dose-dependently induced apoptosis of MCL cells. Vorinostat also induced hyperacetylation of hsp90 and disrupted the association of hsp90 with its co-chaperones p23 and cdc37, as well as with its client proteins CDK4 and c-RAF. Treatment of MCL cells with vorinostat or 17-DMAG was associated with the inductionof p21 and p27, as well as with depletion of c-Myc, c-RAF, AKT and CDK4. Compared to treatment with either agent alone, co-treatment with DMAG and vorinostat markedly attenuated the levels of cyclin D1 and CDK4, as well as of c-Myc, c-RAF and AKT. Combined treatment with DMAG and vorinostat synergistically induced apoptosis of the cultured MCL cells, as well as induced more apoptosis of primary MCL cells than either agent alone. Therefore, these findings support the rationale to determine the in vivo efficacy of co-treatment with vorinostat and DMAG against human MCL cells.
The Basics of Intermolecular Forces and Surface Science (2012)

No AccessAdhesion and Adhesives TechnologyJun 2012The Basics of Intermolecular Forces and Surface ScienceAlphonsus V. PociusAlphonsus V. Pociushttps://doi.org/10.3139/9783446431775.004SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to FavoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsCopy LTI LinkPDF key 'share (en)' returned an object instead of string.FacebookTwitterEmailLinkedIn previous chapternext chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2012Pages: 85-127Print ISBN: 978-3-446-42748-8eISBN: 978-3-446-43177-5 Copyright & Permissions© 2012 Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KGPDF downloadLoading ...
Demonstrating demand management: How intelligent EV charging can benefit everyone (2013)

This paper establishes the case for Electric Vehicle (EV) charging demand management through in-field demonstration, electricity network modelling and financial assessment. As part of the Victorian Government Electric Vehicle Trial, DiUS Computing demonstrated EV charging demand management using United Energy's Smart Grid. Modelling of the United Energy network by the University of Melbourne found that uncontrolled charging would require network augmentation once EVs are adopted by 10% of households. In contrast, managed charging would allow the network to support in excess of 50% uptake using existing capacity and infrastructure. Furthermore, the end-to-end EV charging demand management solution demonstrated by DiUS could be implemented for one tenth the cost of the network augmentation. Although success factors were identified during the demonstration that may serve as an input for demand management program design, electricity market arrangements may be the strongest determinant of adoption generally.
On the measurement of the conductivity density of states of evaporated amorphous silicon films (1975)

Abstract Data are analyzed on the conductivity across the barrier between amorphous and crystal Si. The analysis assumes that variable range hopping near the Fermi level is the dominant conductivity mechanism in the evaporated amorphous Si film and band conductivity is dominant in the crystal. The density of states is found to be 1.2 × 10 20 eV −1 cm −3 at the Fermi level in amorphous Si. The barrier heights are found to be larger when the crystal is p‐type. This is in contrast to the somewhat analogous case of metal–semiconductor Schottky barrier diodes in which n‐type crystals give higher barriers. The possibility of applications in circuits is pointed out.
Dietary salt, blood pressure and circulating levels of 1-O-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in patients with essential hypertension. (1992)

The effects of dietary salt on circulating levels of 1-O-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (C16 PAF) in patients with essential hypertension were studied by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry with negative ion chemical ionization. Circulating levels of C16 PAF in patients with essential hypertension (18.1 +/- 5.3 pg/ml, n = 16) were not changed compared with those in normotensive subjects (17.2 +/- 7.2 pg/ml, n = 14). Although changes in circulating levels of C16 PAF were small with changes in dietary salt, net changes in circulating C16 PAF levels significantly and positively correlated with net changes in mean arterial blood pressure (r = 0.47, P less than 0.05). Changes in C16 PAF levels also correlated with changes in creatinine clearance (r = 0.55, P less than 0.05). However, changes in C16 PAF levels did not correlate with changes in plasma sodium concentration, plasma chloride concentration and plasma volume. These results indicate that C16 PAF plays an antihypertensive role and this may be reflected as small changes in circulating levels of C16 PAF.