gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) as biomarker of acute kidney injury: a review of the laboratory characteristics and clinical evidences (2012)

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and serious condition, currently diagnosed by functional biomarkers, such as serum creatinine measurements. Unfortunately, creatinine increase is a delayed and unreliable indicator of AKI. The lack of early biomarkers of structural kidney injury has hampered our ability to translate promising experimental therapies to human AKI. The recent discovery, translation and validation of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), possibly the most promising novel AKI biomarker, is reviewed here. NGAL may be measured by several methods both in plasma and urine for the early diagnosis of AKI and for the prediction of clinical outcomes, such as dialysis requirement and mortality, in several common clinical scenarios, including in the intensive care unit, cardiac surgery and renal damage due the exposition to toxic agent and drugs, and renal transplantation. Furthermore, the predictive properties of NGAL, may play a critical role in expediting the drug development process. A systematic review of literature data indicates that further studies are necessary to establish accurate reference population values according to age, gender and ethnicity, as well as reliable and specific decisional values concerning the more common clinical settings related to AKI. Furthermore, proper randomized clinical trials on renal and systemic outcomes comparing the use of NGAL vs. standard clinical practice are still lacking and accurate cost-benefit and/or cost-utility analyses for NGAL as biomarker of AKI are also needed. However, it is important to note that NGAL, in the absence of diagnostic increases in serum creatinine, is able to detect some patients affected by subclinical AKI who have an increased risk of adverse outcomes. These results also suggest that the concept and definition of AKI might need to be reassessed.
Overview of the MicroPrecision Interferometer testbed (1998)

Gives an overview the Micro-Precision Interferometer (MPI) testbed and its major achievements to date related to mitigating risk for future spaceborne optical interferometer missions. The MPI testbed is a ground-based hardware model of a future spaceborne interferometer. The three primary objectives of the testbed are to: (1) demonstrate the 10 nm positional stability requirement in the ambient lab disturbance environment, (2) predict whether the 10 nm positional stability requirement can be achieved in the anticipated on-orbit disturbance environment, and (3) validate integrated modeling tools that will ultimately be used to design the actual space missions. The paper presents results which represent the latest advancements made on the testbed in the first two areas. Encouraging results from this testbed confirm that MPI provides an essential link between the extensive ongoing ground-based interferometer technology development activities and the technology needs of future spaceborne optical interferometers.
Siegert pseudostates: Completeness and time evolution (2005)

Within the theory of Siegert pseudostates, it is possible to accurately calculate bound states and resonances. The energy continuum is replaced by a discrete set of states. Many questions of interest in scattering theory can be addressed within the framework of this formalism, thereby avoiding the need to treat the energy continuum. For practical calculations it is important to know whether a certain subset of Siegert pseudostates comprises a basis. This is a nontrivial issue, because of the unusual orthogonality and overcompleteness properties of Siegert pseudostates. Using analytical and numerical arguments, it is shown that the subset of bound states and outgoing Siegert pseudostates forms a basis. Time evolution in the context of Siegert pseudostates is also investigated. From the Mittag-Leffler expansion of the outgoing-wave Green's function, the time-dependent expansion of a wave packet in terms of Siegert pseudostates is derived. In this expression, all Siegert pseudostates---bound, antibound, outgoing, and incoming---are employed. Each of these evolves in time in a nonexponential fashion. Numerical tests underline the accuracy of the method.
Second harmonic generation by quasi-phase matching in 8 mm-long periodically-twinned quartz (2004)

We report an 8 mm-long periodical twin structure in crystal quartz with 125 /spl mu/m period and second harmonic generation with a tunable light source. The twinning process under distributed applied stress will be discussed with finite-element method.
Structural basis for the binding of the membrane‐proximal C‐terminal region of chemokine receptor CCR2 with the cytosolic regulator FROUNT (2014)

The membrane-proximal C-terminal region (Pro-C) is important for the regulation of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), but the binding of the Pro-C region to a cytosolic regulator has not been structurally analyzed. The chemokine receptor CCR2 is a member of the GPCR superfamily, and the Pro-C region of CCR2 binds to the cytosolic regulator FROUNT. Studying the interaction between CCR2 Pro-C and FROUNT at an atomic level provides a basis for understanding the signal transduction mechanism via GPCRs. NOE-based NMR experiments showed that, when bound to FROUNT, CCR2 Pro-C adopted a helical conformation, as well as when embedded in dodecylphosphocholine micelles. A comparison of two types of cross-saturation-based NMR experiments, applied to a three-component mixture of Pro-C, FROUNT and micelles or a two-component mixture of Pro-C and micelles, revealed that the hydrophobic binding surface on Pro-C for FROUNT mostly overlapped with the binding site for micelles, suggesting competitive binding of Pro-C between FROUNT and micelles. Leu316 was important for both FROUNT and micelle binding. Phe319 was newly identified to be crucial for FROUNT binding, by NMR and mutational analyses. The association and dissociation rates of CCR2 Pro-C for lipid bilayer biomembranes were faster than those for FROUNT. We previously reported that FROUNT binding to CCR2 is detectable even in unstimulated cells and increases in response to chemokine stimulation. Taken together, these results support a model of CCR2 equilibrium: chemokine binding changes the conformational equilibrium of CCR2 toward the active state, and Pro-C switches its binding partner from the membrane to FROUNT.
A Novel CMOS Logic Style with Data Independent Power Consumption (2005)

We propose a novel dynamic CMOS logic style to protect security devices against power attacks. The logic is based on signals with 3 possible states and operates with a power consumption ideally independent of both the logic values and the sequence of data. We have designed a set of logic gates and a flip-flop and compared those to static complementary CMOS implementations in terms of correlation between data and power consumption, speed, area, and total power dissipation.
Relationship of Social and Behavioral Characteristics to Suicidality in Community Adolescents With Self-Harm: Considering Contagion and Connection on Social Media (2021)

A close link has been established between self-harm and suicide risk in adolescents, and increasing attention is given to social media as possibly involved in this relationship. It is important to identify indicators of suicidality (i.e., suicide ideation or attempt) including aspects related to contagion in online and offline social networks and explore the role of social media in the relationship between social circumstances and suicidality in young adolescents with self-harm. This study explored characteristics of Korean adolescents with a recent history of self-harm and identified how behavioral and social features explain lifetime suicidality with emphasis on the impact of social media. Data came from a nationwide online survey among sixth- to ninth-graders with self-harm during the past 12 months (<i>n</i> = 906). We used χ<sup>2</sup> tests of independence to explore potential concomitants of lifetime suicidality and employed a multivariate logistic regression model to examine the relationship between the explanatory variables and suicidality. Sensitivity analyses were performed with lifetime suicide attempt in place of lifetime suicidality. 33.9% (<i>n</i> = 306) and 71.2% (<i>n</i> = 642) reported to have started self-harm by the time they were fourth- and six-graders, respectively; 44.3% (<i>n</i> = 400) reported that they have friends who self-harm. Having endorsed moderate/severe forms and multiple forms of self-harm (OR 5.36, <i>p</i> < 0.001; OR 3.13, <i>p</i> < 0.001), having engaged in self-harm for two years or more (OR 2.42, <i>p</i> = 0.001), having friends who self-harm (OR 1.92, <i>p</i> = 0.013), and having been bullied at school were associated with an increased odds of lifetime suicidality (OR 2.08, <i>p</i> = 0.004). Notably, having posted content about one's self-harm on social media during the past 12 months was associated with an increased odds of lifetime suicidality (OR 3.15, <i>p</i> < 0.001), whereas having seen related content in the same period was not. Sensitivity analyses yielded similar results with lifetime suicide attempt, supporting our findings from the logistic regression. The current study suggests that self-harm may be prevalent from early adolescence in South Korea with assortative gathering. The relationship of vulnerable adolescents' social circumstances to suicide risk may be compounded by the role of social media. As the role of social media can be linked to both risk (i.e., contagion) and benefit (i.e., social connection and support), pre-existing vulnerabilities alongside SH and what online communication centers on should be a focus of clinical attention.
A placenta growth factor 2 variant acts as dominant negative of vascular endothelial growth factor A by heterodimerization mechanism. (2011)

Angiogenesis is one of the crucial events for cancer development and growth and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family plays an essential role in this biological phenomenon. The members of VEGF family mainly involved in angiogenesis are VEGF-A, VEGF-B and placental growth factor (PlGF), which exert their activity through the binding and activation of two VEGF receptors, VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2. Human VEGF-A and PlGF are expressed in different isoforms and have the peculiarity to form heterodimer if co-expressed in the same cell. The difference of two main human PlGF isoforms, PlGF1 and PlGF2, consist in the exclusive ability of PlGF2 to bind heparin and Neuropilin receptors. As previously reported for PlGF1 isoform, we have generated a PlGF2 variant named PlGF2 -DE, in which the residues D(72) and E(73) were substituted with alanine, that is unable to bind and activate VEGFR-1 but is still able to heterodimerize with VEGF. Here we report that overexpression in VEGF-A producing human tumor cell line derived from ovarian carcinoma (A2780) of PlGF2-DE variant by stable transfection, significantly reduces the production of VEGF-A homodimer via heterodimerization, determining a strong inhibition of xenograft tumor growth and associated neoangiogenesis, as well as significant reduction of monocyte-macrophage infiltration. Conversely, the overexpression of PlGF2wt, also reducing the VEGF-A homodimer production comparably to PlGF2-DE variant through the generation of VEGF-A/PlGF2 heterodimer, does not inhibit tumor growth and vessel density compared to control, but induces increase of monocyte-macrophage infiltration. Interestingly the comparison of PlGF2wt with PlGF1wt overexpression evidences a significant reduction of monocyte-macrophages recruitment as unique difference among the activity of the two PlGFwt isoforms. Therefore, the 'less soluble' PlGF2 shows a limited potential in monocyte-macrophages recruitment. In conclusion data here reported demonstrate that PlGF-DE variant acts as 'dominant negative' of VEGF-A independently from the PlGF isoform utilized, that the expression of active PlGF2 homodimer and VEGF-A/PlGF2 heterodimer is sufficient to rescue pro-angiogenic activity lost for reduction of VEGF-A due to heterodimerization mechanism, and that PlGF2 shows lower activity into recruitment of monocyte-macrophage cells compared to PlGF1 isoform.
Comparative study on efficiency and switching noise of bridgeless PFC circuits (2013)

Recently, efficiency improvement has been noted with the rapidly increasing consumption of energy. The diode loss in bridge rectifier is the main cause of efficiency decrease in conventional PFC circuit, it can not be neglected. Therefore bridgeless PFC circuit has been focused. In this research, the various bridgeless PFC circuits are analyzed. The results of switching noise are compared and efficiency improvement is verified.
High Q Resonators in the GaAs and AlGaAs on Insulator Platform (2019)

We demonstrated a low-loss gallium arsenide (GaAs) and aluminum gallium arsenide (AlGaAs) on insulator platform by heterogenous integration. The ring resonators on this platform exhibit record high intrinsic quality factors above 1 × 106.© 2019 The Author(s)
Generation of genetically engineered CHO cell lines to support the production of a difficult to express therapeutic protein (2013)

Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells are widely used for the large scale production of recombinant biopharmaceuticals. These cells have been extensively characterised and approved by regulatory authorities for production of biopharmaceuticals. During the last years more and more cell-line engineering strategies have been developed to enhance productivity and quality. CHO cell line engineering work has made remarkable progress in optimizing products or titers by focusing on manipulating single genes and selecting clones with desirable traits. In this work it is shown how cell line engineering approaches enable the expression of a challenging to express novel therapeutic protein. The expression of the novel therapeutic protein in CHO cells resulted in significant reduced cell growth as well as low productivity.
SYK is activated by mutated MYD88 and drives pro-survival signaling in MYD88 driven B-cell lymphomas (2020)

Activating MYD88 mutations promote pro-survival signaling through BTK and HCK, both targets of ibrutinib. Despite high response rates, complete responses to ibrutinib are lacking, and other MYD88 triggered pro-survival pathways may contribute to primary drug resistance. B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling has been observed in lymphomas driven by mutated MYD88, even without activating the BCR pathway mutations. We identified activated SYK (p-SYK), a component of BCR in complex with MYD88 in MYD88-mutated WM and ABC DLBCL lymphoma cells. Confocal microscopy confirmed co-localization of MYD88 with SYK in MYD88-mutated cells. Knockdown of MYD88 or use of a MYD88 signaling inhibitor abrogated SYK activation, while expression of mutated but not wild-type MYD88 amplified p-SYK in MYD88-mutated and wild-type lymphoma cells. Knockdown of SYK or use of inhibitors targeting SYK blocked p-STAT3 and p-AKT signaling in MYD88-mutated cells. Cell viability analysis showed that combining ibrutinib and SYK inhibitors triggered synthetic killing of MYD88-mutated lymphoma cells. Our findings extend the spectrum of mutated MYD88 pro-survival signaling to include SYK directed BCR cross talk in MYD88-mutated lymphomas. Targeting SYK in combination with ibrutinib produces synthetic lethality, providing a framework for the clinical investigation of ibrutinib with SYK inhibitors in MYD88-mutated lymphomas.
Inositol trisphosphate analogues induce different oscillatory patterns in Xenopus oocytes. (1990)

Agonists that utilize the calcium-mobilizing second messenger inositol(1,4,5)trisphosphate Ins(1,4,5)P3 usually generate oscillations in intracellular calcium. Such oscillations, based on the periodic release of calcium from the endoplasmic reticulum, can also be induced by injecting cells with Ins(1,4,5)P3. The mechanism responsible for oscillatory activity was studied in Xenopus oocytes by injecting them with different inositol trisphosphates. The plasma membrane of Xenopus oocytes has calcium-dependent chloride channels that open in response to calcium, leading to membrane depolarization. Oscillations in calcium were thus monitored by recording membrane potential. The naturally occurring Ins(1,4,5)P3 produced a large initial transient followed by a single transient or a burst of oscillations. By contrast, two analogues (Ins(2,4,5)P3 and Ins(1,4,5)P(S)3) produced a different oscillatory pattern made up of a short burst of sharp transients. Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 had no effect when injected by itself, and it also failed to modify the oscillatory responses to either Ins(2,4,5)P3 or Ins(1,4,5)P(S)3. Both analogues failed to induce a response when injected immediately after the initial Ins(1,4,5)P3-induced response, indicating that they act on the same intracellular pool of calcium. The existence of different oscillatory patterns suggests that there may be different mechanisms for setting up calcium oscillations. The Ins(2,4,5)P3 and Ins(1,4,5)P(S)3 analogues may initiate oscillations through a negative feedback mechanism whereby calcium inhibits its own release. The two-pool model is the most likely mechanism to describe the Ins(1,4,5)P3-induced oscillations.
Evaluation of the Impact of Al Atoms on SiO<sub>2</sub>/ SiC Interface Property by Using 4H-SiC n<sup>+</sup>-Channel Junctionless MOSFET (2019)

To investigate the impact of Al atoms on channel mobility at SiO 2 /SiC interface, we fabricated the junctionless metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs), in which thin n + -SiC epitaxial layers with and without Al + ion implantation were used as a channel, and compared their electrical characteristics. The effective mobility (m eff ) of n + -channel junctionless MOSFET without Al doping was estimated to be 14.9 cm 2 /Vs, which is higher than inversion-mode MOSFET fabricated with the same gate oxidation condition (3.1 cm 2 /Vs). The m eff values of the MOSFETs with low Al doping concentration (5´10 17 and 1´10 18 cm -3 ) were almost the same as that of Al-free MOSFET, and the device with the highest Al doping (5´10 18 cm -3 ) exhibited slight mobility degradation of about 15% compared to the other devices. Hall mobility in thick n + layer with the highest Al doping was also slightly degraded, suggesting that Al atoms in the channel are not the major cause of degraded SiO 2 /SiC interface property.
The Lipogenic Regulator SREBP2 Induces Transferrin in Circulating Melanoma Cells and Suppresses Ferroptosis (2020)

Circulating tumor cells (CTC) are shed by cancer into the bloodstream, where a viable subset overcomes oxidative stress to initiate metastasis. We show that single CTCs from patients with melanoma coordinately upregulate lipogenesis and iron homeostasis pathways. These are correlated with both intrinsic and acquired resistance to BRAF inhibitors across clonal cultures of <i>BRAF</i>-mutant CTCs. The lipogenesis regulator SREBP2 directly induces transcription of the iron carrier Transferrin (<i>TF</i>), reducing intracellular iron pools, reactive oxygen species, and lipid peroxidation, thereby conferring resistance to inducers of ferroptosis. Knockdown of endogenous <i>TF</i> impairs tumor formation by melanoma CTCs, and their tumorigenic defects are partially rescued by the lipophilic antioxidants ferrostatin-1 and vitamin E. In a prospective melanoma cohort, presence of CTCs with high lipogenic and iron metabolic RNA signatures is correlated with adverse clinical outcome, irrespective of treatment regimen. Thus, SREBP2-driven iron homeostatic pathways contribute to cancer progression, drug resistance, and metastasis. SIGNIFICANCE: Through single-cell analysis of primary and cultured melanoma CTCs, we have uncovered intrinsic cancer cell heterogeneity within lipogenic and iron homeostatic pathways that modulates resistance to BRAF inhibitors and to ferroptosis inducers. Activation of these pathways within CTCs is correlated with adverse clinical outcome, pointing to therapeutic opportunities.<i>This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 521</i>.
Abstract 15938: Identification of a Novel Disease Gene for Early Onset Atherosclerosis, Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome by Whole Exome Sequencing and Linkage Analysis (2013)

Ali R. Keramati, 2013 Finalist and Presenting Author
Immersive 3D Telepresence (2014)

Cutting-edge work on 3D telepresence at a multinational research center provides insight into the technology's potential, as well as into its remaining challenges. The first Web extra at http://youtu.be/r4SqJdXkOjQ is a video describing FreeCam, a system capable of generating live free-viewpoint video by simulating the output of a virtual camera moving through a dynamic scene. The second Web extra at http://youtu.be/Dw1glKUKs9A is a video showing a system designed to capture the enhanced 3D structure of a room-sized dynamic scene with commodity depth cameras, such as Microsoft Kinects. The third Web extra at http://youtu.be/G_VPzXRrmIw is a video demonstrating a system that adapts to a wide variety of telepresence scenarios. By combining Kinect-based 3D scanning with optical see-through HMDs, the user can precisely control which parts of the scene are real and which are virtual or remote objects. The fourth Web extra at http://youtu.be/n45N5AHsoCI is a video demonstrating a method based on moving least squares surfaces that robustly and efficiently reconstructs dynamic scenes captured by a set of hybrid color+depth cameras. The reconstruction provides spatiotemporal consistency and seamlessly fuses color and geometric information. The video also illustrates the formulation on a variety of real sequences and demonstrates that it favorably compares to state-of-the-art methods. The fifth Web extra at http://youtu.be/OSl3f2qZzKs is a video demonstrating a 3D acquisition system capable of simultaneously capturing an entire room-sized volume with an array of commodity depth cameras and rendering it from a novel viewpoint in real time. The sixth Web extra at http://youtu.be/zKWByH7evo0 is a video demonstrating a gaze-correction approach based on a single Kinect sensor that preserves both the integrity and expressiveness of the face as well as the fidelity of the scene as a whole, producing nearly artifact-free imagery. The method is suitable for mainstream home video conferencing: it uses inexpensive consumer hardware, achieves real-time performance, and requires just a simple and short setup.
Short Communication on Gene Mutation (2020)

A gene mutation is a permanent alteration in the DNA sequence that makes up a gene, such that the sequence differs from what is found in most people. Mutations range in size; they can affect anywhere from a single DNA building block (base pair) to a large segment of a chromosome that includes multiple genes.
ChemInform Abstract: Fluorinated Heterocyclic Compounds. A Photochemical Synthesis of 3‐Amino‐5‐perfluoroaryl‐1,2,4‐oxadiazoles. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.