gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
TEM and ESCA Observations of Copper Deposits Containing Tin Impurities. (1998)

TEM and ESCA observations have been used to study copper crystallite sizes, tin and oxygen atom concentration distributions, tin oxidation, and the crystal structure of tin oxide, compared to electrolytic polycrystalline copper deposits with no impurity atoms (pure copper deposits). The 0.003wt%Sn-Cu alloy deposited in a copper electrolyte containing a tin additive of 1g/dm3 showed almost the same results as the pure copper deposit. For the 1.10wt%Sn-Cu alloy produced in an electrolyte containing a tin additive of 10g/dm3, tin atoms were found to be incorporated into copper deposits in both metallic and oxidation states. Tin oxide particles (SnO2) having a rutile (or C4) tetragonal structure were observed to be a smooth and elliptical, 2-5nm in size, and almost homogeneously dispersed as clusters of several particles inside copper deposits.We also sound in nm-order SnO2 particle incorporation that particles form in the copper electrolyte and are concomitantly introduced into copper deposits during alloy electrodeposition.
Lubrication, single screw extrusion rates, and plasticizer structure in flexible PVC compounds (2007)

Abstract It is well‐established that changes in plasticizer structure affect (among other things) the melting temperatures, melt viscosities, and lubrication of flexible PVC compounds. In turn, these properties affect the extrudability of the compounds. The current study looks at the effects of plasticizer structure on lubrication, melt viscosities, extrusion rates, stock temperatures, and shear rates of PVC compounds in a single screw extrusion process. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 13:22–25, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers.
CFTR mRNAs with nonsense codons are degraded by the SMG6-mediated endonucleolytic decay pathway (2022)

Approximately 10% of cystic fibrosis patients harbor nonsense mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene which can generate nonsense codons in the CFTR mRNA and subsequently activate the nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) pathway resulting in rapid mRNA degradation. However, it is not known which NMD branches govern the decay of CFTR mRNAs containing nonsense codons. Here we utilize antisense oligonucleotides targeting NMD factors to evaluate the regulation of nonsense codon-containing CFTR mRNAs by the NMD pathway. We observe that CFTR mRNAs with nonsense codons G542X, R1162X, and W1282X, but not Y122X, require UPF2 and UPF3 for NMD. Furthermore, we demonstrate that all evaluated CFTR mRNAs harboring nonsense codons are degraded by the SMG6-mediated endonucleolytic pathway rather than the SMG5-SMG7-mediated exonucleolytic pathway. Finally, we show that upregulation of all evaluated CFTR mRNAs with nonsense codons by NMD pathway inhibition improves outcomes of translational readthrough therapy.
CHOROIDAL THICKNESS IN CENTRAL SEROUS CHORIORETINOPATHY (2012)

The choroid is diffusely thickened in CSC likely because of the choroidal vascular dilatation. The nasal macula undergoes the greatest alterations in choroidal thickness compared with the other areas.
A Virtual Environment System for Mission Planning (1992)

Fig. 1. View along the flight path from an aircraft to a target. A key function of a mission planning system is to enhance and maintain situational awareness of planning personnel and aircrews who will use the system for pre-mission rehearsals and briefings. We have developed a mission planner using virtual envirnoment technology. We provide a
First evidence for the annihilation decay mode $ {B^{+}}\to D_s^{+}\phi $ (2013)

A bstract Evidence for the hadronic annihilation decay mode $ {B^{+}}\to D_s^{+}\phi $ is found with greater than 3 σ significance. The branching fraction and CP asymmetry are measured to be $ \begin{array}{*{20}{c}} {\quad\;\mathcal{B}\left( {{B^{+}}\to D_s^{+}\phi } \right)=\left( {1.87_{-0.73}^{+1.25}\left( {\mathrm{stat}} \right)\pm 0.19\left( {\mathrm{syst}} \right)\pm 0.32\left( {\mathrm{norm}} \right)} \right)\times {10^{-6 }},} \hfill \\ {\,\,{{\mathcal{A}}_{CP }}\left( {{B^{+}}\to D_s^{+}\phi } \right)=-0.01\pm 0.41\left( {\mathrm{stat}} \right)\pm 0.03\left( {\mathrm{syst}} \right).} \hfill \\ \end{array} $ The last uncertainty on $ \mathcal{B}\left( {{B^{+}}\to D_s^{+}\phi } \right) $ is from the branching fractions of the $ {B^{+}}\to D_s^{+}{{\overline{D}}^0} $ normalization mode and intermediate resonance decays. Upper limits are also set for the branching fractions of the related decay modes $ B_{(c)}^{+}\to D_{(s)}^{+}{K^{*0 }},\;B_{(c)}^{+}\to D_{(s)}^{+}{{\overline{K}}^{*0 }} $ and $ B_c^{+}\to D_s^{+}\phi $ , including the result $ \mathcal{B}\left( {{B^{+}}\to {D^{+}}{K^{*0 }}} \right)&lt;1.8\times {10^{-6 }} $ at the 90% credibility level.
Fluoro Derivatives of Retinal Illuminate the Decisive Role of the C12-H Element in Photoisomerization and Rhodopsin Activation (2009)

Rhodopsin, the visual pigment of the vertebrate rod cell, is among the best investigated members of the G-protein-coupled receptor family. Within this family a unique characteristic of visual pigments is their covalently bound chromophore, 11-cis retinal, which acts as an inverse agonist. Upon illumination it can be transformed into the all-trans isomer that acts as a full agonist. This photoisomerization process is extremely efficient: 2 out of 3 photons are effective, full stereoselectivity is achieved, and stereoinversion occurs within 200 fs. The mechanism behind this process is still not really understood, although the available evidence points at the twisted C(9)-C(13) segment of the 11-cis ligand as the quintessence. To further dissect the role of this segment, we have generated the 10-fluoro, 12-fluoro, and 14-fluoro analogues of rhodopsin. A fluoro substituent brings in only little more volume than hydrogen, but considerably more mass and polarizability. The analogue pigments were compared to rhodopsin with respect to their photosensitivity (quantum yield), light-induced structural transitions (UV-vis and FT-IR spectroscopy), and signaling activity (G protein activation rate). We find that 14-F substitution is quite neutral, while 10-F and 12-F substitutions exert significant but distinct effects. The 10-F pigment exhibits a quantum yield similar to that of rhodopsin (0.65) but strongly perturbed thermodynamics of the structural transitions following photoactivation and only 20% of the native signaling activity. The 12-F pigment exhibits a significantly decreased quantum yield (0.47) and signaling activity (30%) but mixed effects on the structural transitions. These properties are compared to those of the corresponding methyl derivatives. We conclude that rotation of the C(12)-H bond of the rhodopsin chromophore is a major rate-limiting factor in the photoisomerization process, while the C(10)-H moiety plays a dominant role in ligand relaxation and further rearrangements following photoactivation.
Supplementary Tables S1-S8 from Interplay Between V-ATPase G1 and Small EV-miRNAs Modulates ERK1/2 Activation in GBM Stem Cells and Nonneoplastic Milieu (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Table S1. Proteins investigated by the PathScan Intracellular Signaling Membrane Array Kit in MG cells after coculture with small EVs. Table S2. Significant analysis of microarray (SAM) of small EVs miRNAs. Table S3. KEGG or Reactome pathways enrichment of miRNA's predicted targets. Table S4. Analysis of possible targeted pathways of the predicted miRNA targets with WebGestalt. Table S5. List of genes investigated with the Human Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer 96-well plate. Table S6. Targets of the differentially expressed miRNAs searched using miRTargetLink Human web tool. Table S7. List of TaqMan Assay used to evaluate gene expression. Table S8. List of investigated genes in sEV derived from V1G1LOW or -HIGH NS.&lt;/p&gt;
Numerical modeling of Surface-Scan MRI experiments for improved diagnostics of commercial battery cells (2022)

Recent progress in MRI methods development led to a novel concept for operando screening of commercial battery cells. Sensing electrochemical processes inside an operating cell can be done via the detection of associated magnetic fields. This concept is based on the classic phenomenon described by Ampère's circuital and Biot–Savart laws. A new method referred to as Surface-Scan MRI employs ultra-fast quantitative mapping of the magnetic field in a thin layer of polymer placed in direct contact with the cell. Preliminary experimental work demonstrated the ability of Surface-Scan MRI to detect cells that undergone overcharging, a hazardous event that can degrade cells' components and ultimately creates a risk of fire. In the future, the analysis of Surface-Scan MRI data can rely largely on numerical simulations of electromagnetic phenomena based on accurate models of real cells. A series of numerical tests performed in this work confirms the capacity of Surface-Scan MRI to detect a variety of defects associated with electrochemical degradation of cathode, anode and electrolyte materials. Effects of morphology, location and conductivity of the defects on magnetic field distributions were examined for realistic cell models including flat jelly roll configurations. MRI resolution limits associated with the defect domain size and with the distance between the defect and the detection medium were estimated. Location and morphology of highly conductive defects (σ > 105 S m−1), e.g. regions rich in quasi-metallic dendrites, can be directly identified from Surface-Scan MRI images. Low conductivity defects , e.g. degraded electrolyte or cathode and anode coatings, manifest via patterns much larger than the defects.
Adventures in Drug Discovery: Potent Agents Based on Ligands for Cell‐Surface Receptors (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Replication and pathogenic potential of influenza A virus subtypes H3, H7, and H15 from free-range ducks in Bangladesh in mammals (2018)

Surveillance of wild aquatic birds and free-range domestic ducks in the Tanguar Haor wetlands in Bangladesh has identified influenza virus subtypes H3N6, H7N1, H7N5, H7N9, and H15N9. Molecular characterization of these viruses indicates their contribution to the genesis of new genotypes of H5N1 influenza viruses from clade 2.3.2.1a that are dominant in poultry markets in Bangladesh as well as to the genesis of the highly pathogenic H5N8 virus currently causing disease outbreaks in domestic poultry in Europe and the Middle East. Therefore, we studied the antigenicity, replication, and pathogenicity of influenza viruses isolated from Tanguar Haor in the DBA/2J mouse model. All viruses replicated in the lung without prior mammalian adaptation, and H7N1 and H7N9 viruses caused 100% and 60% mortality, respectively. H7N5 viruses replicated only in the lungs, whereas H7N1 and H7N9 viruses also replicated in the heart, liver, and brain. Replication and transmission studies in mallard ducks showed that H7N1 and H7N9 viruses replicated in ducks without clinical signs of disease and shed at high titers from the cloaca of infected and contact ducks, which could facilitate virus transmission and spread. Our results indicate that H7 avian influenza viruses from free-range ducks can replicate in mammals, cause severe disease, and be efficiently transmitted to contact ducks. Our study highlights the role of free-range ducks in the spread of influenza viruses to other species in live poultry markets and the potential for these viruses to infect and cause disease in mammals.
Biotransformation of 11-ketoprogesterone by Filamentous Fungus, <i>Fusarium lini</i> (2011)

Microbial transformation of 11-ketoprogesterone (1) by the filamentous fungi Fusarium lini was investigated. Biotransformation of 1 with F. lini resulted in the production of ten oxidative metabolites (2-11). Structures of these metabolites were deduced by spectroscopic analysis and seven of them, 5-11, were found to be new metabolites.Keywords: 11-Ketoprogesterone; Steroid; Microbial transformation; Hydroxylation; Filamentous fungi; Fusarium lini.© 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. doi:10.3329/jsr.v2i2.6221 J. Sci. Res. 3 (2), 347-356 (2011)
Role of acetylation and charge in antimicrobial peptides based on human β‐defensin‐3 (2009)

Cationic antimicrobial peptides are an evolutionarily ancient and essential element of innate immunity in higher organisms. The precise mechanism by which these peptides exert their antimicrobial activity on bacteria is not well understood. Decapeptides based on the C-terminus of human beta-defensin-3 were designed and evaluated to study the role of charge in defining the antimicrobial activity and selectivity of these peptides against Escherichia coli. Acetylated derivatives of these peptides were prepared in order to further evaluate how positively charged primary amines contribute to potency in these small antimicrobial peptides. These peptides enabled us to explore the relationship between net charge, charge distribution and antimicrobial activity. While the results indicate that net charge is a major factor in antimicrobial activity in these peptides, the actual relationship between charge and potency appears to be more complex.
A General Purpose Rule Language as the Basis of a Query Optimizer (1997)

Introduction to Rule-Based Programming, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc. 1985. [CHM88] K.M. Chandy and J. Misra. Parallel Program Design: A Foundation. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc., 1985. [COM95] Stephen Correl, Daniel Miranker. On Isolation, Concurrency, and the Venus Rule Language. In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management, 1995. [FOR81] C. L. Forgy. OPS5 User&amp;apos;s Manual. Technical Report CMU-CS-81-135, Department of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, July 1981. [FOR82] C.L. Forgy, C. L.,&amp;quot;Rete: A Fast Algorithm for the Many Pattern/Many Object Pattern Matching Problem &amp;quot;, Artificial Intelligence, Vol 19 pages 17-37 1982. [DAS95] Dinesh Das, Making database Optimizers More Extensible. Ph. D. Dissertation, The University of Texas at Austin, May 1995. [DID95] Dinesh Das, Don Batory. Prairie: A Rule Specification Framework for Query Optimizers. In Pro
Highly Branched Macromolecules (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Dendrimers and Dendritic Molecules Brush Molecules Hyperbranched Polymers Star Molecules Highly Branched Nanoparticles References
Changes in complex spike activity during classical conditioning (2014)

The cerebellar cortex is necessary for adaptively timed conditioned responses (CRs) in eyeblink conditioning. During conditioning, Purkinje cells acquire pause responses or "Purkinje cell CRs" to the conditioned stimuli (CS), resulting in disinhibition of the cerebellar nuclei (CN), allowing them to activate motor nuclei that control eyeblinks. This disinhibition also causes inhibition of the inferior olive (IO), via the nucleo-olivary pathway (N-O). Activation of the IO, which relays the unconditional stimulus (US) to the cortex, elicits characteristic complex spikes in Purkinje cells. Although Purkinje cell activity, as well as stimulation of the CN, is known to influence IO activity, much remains to be learned about the way that learned changes in simple spike firing affects the IO. In the present study, we analyzed changes in simple and complex spike firing, in extracellular Purkinje cell records, from the C3 zone, in decerebrate ferrets undergoing training in a conditioning paradigm. In agreement with the N-O feedback hypothesis, acquisition resulted in a gradual decrease in complex spike activity during the conditioned stimulus, with a delay that is consistent with the long N-O latency. Also supporting the feedback hypothesis, training with a short interstimulus interval (ISI), which does not lead to acquisition of a Purkinje cell CR, did not cause a suppression of complex spike activity. In contrast, observations that extinction did not lead to a recovery in complex spike activity and the irregular patterns of simple and complex spike activity after the conditioned stimulus are less conclusive.
Embolisation hémostatique des hématomes spontanés musculaires abdomino-pelviens. (2011)

Objectifs: Etudier les résultats techniques et cliniques de l'embolisation des hématomes musculaires spontanés de l'abdomen . Caractériser les hématomes ayant étéembolisés au CT et définir les éventuels critères cliniques et anatomiques pour une embolisation . Etudier la relation entre les hématomes embolisés et lesanticoagulants.Matériels et méthodes: Etude rétrospective des patients ayant bénéficié d'une embolisation pour un hématome musculaire abdominopelvien spontané entre 2005 et 2010. Sont analysésles données cliniques (anticaogulants, retentissement hémodynamqiue), les données scanographiques (site, volume, saignement actif), les artères embolisées etle type d'embol, le résultat clinique immédiat, les complications et la mortalité en cours d'hospitalisation .Résultats: 28 patients (âge moyen 75 ans) ont été embolisés. Tous les patients avaient un traitement anticoagulant et/ou antiplaquettaire. La majorité des hématomesembolisés concernaient le muscle grand droit de l'abdomen. Le saignement actif n'était pas identifié chez tous les patients au CT. Pas de complication immédiaterapportée. Le succès technique était de 98%. Pas de récidive précoce rapportée y compris après réintroduction du traitement anticaogulant.Conclusion: L'embolisation hémostatique des hématomes musculaires spontanés sous anticoagulants est efficace pour contrôler le saignement et permettre la réintroductiondu traitement anticoagulant.
A Posture Transport Protocol over TLS (PT-TLS) (2013)

tunnel.
Self-Supervised Object Detection via Generative Image Synthesis (2021)

We present SSOD, the first end-to-end analysis-by synthesis framework with controllable GANs for the task of self-supervised object detection. We use collections of real world images without bounding box annotations to learn to synthesize and detect objects. We leverage controllable GANs to synthesize images with pre-defined object properties and use them to train object detectors. We propose a tight end-to-end coupling of the synthesis and detection networks to optimally train our system. Finally, we also propose a method to optimally adapt SSOD to an intended target data without requiring labels for it. For the task of car detection, on the challenging KITTI and Cityscapes datasets, we show that SSOD outperforms the prior state-of-the-art purely image-based self-supervised object detection method Wetectron. Even without requiring any 3D CAD assets, it also surpasses the state-of-the-art rendering based method Meta-Sim2. Our work advances the field of self-supervised object detection by introducing a successful new paradigm of using controllable GAN-based image synthesis for it and by significantly improving the baseline accuracy of the task. We open-source our code at https://github.com/NVlabs/SSOD.
Mecanisme d'import nucleaire du genome hiv applications a la vectorologie et au transfert de gene (2000)

L'INITIATION ET LA TERMINAISON CENTRALE DE LA SYNTHESE DU BRIN PLUS, UNIQUE A LA RETROTRANSCRIPTION DES LENTIVIRUS, CONDUIT A LA FORMATION D'UNE STRUCTURE A TROIS BRINS DE 99 NUCLEOTIDES DE LONG (L'ADN FLAP CENTRAL) AU MILIEU DE L'ADN LINEAIRE NON INTEGRE. DES MUTATIONS DANS LE CPPT ET LE CTS, LES SEQUENCES CIS-ACTIVES IMPLIQUEES DANS LA FORMATION DE L'ADN FLAP CENTRAL, ALTERE PROFONDEMENT L'INFECTIVITE DU VIRUS. L'ADN RETROTRANSCRIT DES VIRUS MUTANTS NE POSSEDANT PAS D'ADN FLAP CENTRAL EST BLOQUE A UN STADE LINEAIRE, AU VOISINAGE DE LA MEMBRANE NUCLEAIRE, AU LIEU D'ENTRER DANS LE NOYAU ET DE SE CIRCULARISER OU DE S'INTEGRER. L'ADN LINEAIRE DES MUTANTS DU FLAP GARDE SA CAPACITE A S'INTEGRER IN VITRO. NOUS PROPOSONS UN MECANISME D'IMPORT NUCLEAIRE DE L'ADN GENOMIQUE DU HIV DANS LEQUEL LA STRATEGIE DE RETROTRANSCRIPTION DES LENTIVIRUS CREEE UN ADN FLAP CENTRAL QUI EST IMPLIQUE DANS LA MATURATION DU COMPLEXE DE RETROTRANSCRIPTION EN COMPLEXE DE PRE-INTEGRATION ET DANS LA TRANSLOCATION DE L'ADN VIRAL A TRAVERS LE PORE NUCLEAIRE. L'IMPORT NUCLEAIRE ACTIF ET DONC LA REPLICATION INDEPENDANTE DE LA MITOSE FAIT DES LENTIVIRUS DE BON CANDIDATS POUR LES APPLICATIONS DE TRANSFERT DE GENE. LES VECTEURS LENTIVIRAUX DOIVENT INCLURE LES DETERMINANTS DE L'IMPORT NUCLEAIRE POUR REALISER UNE TRANSDUCTION EFFICACE DE CELLULES CIBLES NON MITOTIQUES. LES VECTEURS RETROVIRAUX CLASSIQUES DITS DE REMPLACEMENT NE SONT PAS OPTIMAUX POUR CETTE OPTIQUE. NOUS AVONS DONC INSERE L'ADN FLAP CENTRAL DANS UN SYSTEME DE VECTEUR DERIVE DU HIV. NOUS AVONS OBSERVE UNE FORTE AUGMENTATION DU TITRE DES VECTEURS DANS DIFFERENTS TYPES DE CELLULES, IN VITRO COMME DANS LES CELLULES HELA ARRETEES OU NON, LES CELLULES PRIMAIRES DE MOELLE EPINIERE OU LES CELLULES SOUCHES (EC ET HSC), AUSSI BIEN QU'IN VIVO PAR INJECTION DIRECTE DANS LE CERVEAU DE RAT. NOUS CORRELONS CETTE AUGMENTATION DE LA TRANSDUCTION DE GENE AVEC UNE COMPLEMENTATION, A UN NIVEAU SAUVAGE, DE L'IMPORT NUCLEAIRE DES VECTEURS DEPOURVUS D'ADN FLAP CENTRAL.
A new framework for direction-of-arrival estimation (2008)

A new approach for spatial direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation is developed based on the minimum mean-square error (MMSE) framework. Unlike many traditional DOA estimators, the MMSE approach, denoted as Re-Iterative Super-Resolution (RISR), does not employ spatial sample covariance information which may significantly degrade DOA estimation if spatially-separated sources are temporally correlated. Instead, RISR is a recursive algorithm that relies on a structured signal covariance matrix comprised of the set of possible spatial steering vectors each weighted by an associated power estimate from the previous iteration. Furthermore, RISR can naturally accommodate prior information on spatially colored noise, does not require knowledge of the number of sources, and can also exploit multiple time samples in a non-coherent manner to improve performance. For low to moderate time sample support, RISR is demonstrated to provide super-resolution performance superior to MUSIC and spatially-smoothed MUSIC.
Amorphous Metal/Oxide Nanolaminate (2010)

Bilayers of sputtered amorphous multicomponent metal films (AMMFs) and solution deposited amorphous oxide films have been reproducibly deposited with varying thicknesses of 20, 25, and 30 nm to form ordered nanolaminates. Interdiffusion is observed at the AMMF-oxide boundary, leading to unique interface chemistries that are dictated by the nature and order of the deposition processes.
11A-4 Molecular Imaging with Targeted Contrast Agents and High Frequency Ultrasound (2007)

Targeted ultrasound contrast agents (USCA) can be used as molecular imaging agents to visualize the expression of endothelial molecules (biomarkers). In a murine tumor model, three biomarkers for tumor vasculature were imaged using targeted USCA and the high frequency ultrasound system Vevo 770. Three biomarkers were targeted: VCAM-1, selectins (P and E), and VEGF receptors. Targeting was determined by ultrasound contrast imaging of the adhered USCA in tumors ranging in size from 3 up to 40 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . Dependent on the tumor size, targeting of ultrasound contrast agents to the tumor vasculature resulted in significant signal enhancement when compared to control contrast agent. Each targeted contrast agent had it own accumulation level during tumor growth indicating differential expression pattern of the investigated target molecules during tumor growth. High frequency imaging with targeted ultrasound contrast can provide dynamic and quantitative information about the molecular profile of the tumor vasculature. This can open the possibility for patient-tailored therapy and can provide a tool to monitor whether the therapy is having the desired effect.