gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A high signal-to-noise ratio map of the Sunyaev-Zel’dovich increment at 1.1-mm wavelength in Abell 1835 (2012)

We present an analysis of an 8-arcmin diameter map of the area around the galaxy cluster Abell 1835 from jiggle-map observations at a wavelength of 1.1 mm using the Bolometric Camera (Bolocam) mounted on the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory (CSO). The data are well described by a model including a extended Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (SZ) emission from the cluster gas plus emission from the cluster central galaxy and two bright background submm galaxies magnified by the gravitational lensing of the cluster. We measure flux densities of the two bright point sources in the field: SMM J14011+0252 and SMM J14009+0252 to be 6.5 ± 2.0 ± 0.8 and 11.3 ± 1.9 ± 1.3 mJy, respectively. Fitting the map to a sky model consisting of the point sources and the SZ emission from the cluster gas with a beta model density profile with parameters, θc= 33.6 arcsec and β= 0.69, we find the peak surface brightness of the SZ emission to be Ic= 3.73 ± 0.45 ± 0.60 × 10−21 W m−2sr−1 Hz−1, where the first error is the statistical uncertainty in the fit and the second error represents the calibration uncertainty and additional systematics. Assuming zero cluster peculiar velocity and an X-ray temperature of Te= 9 keV, this surface brightness corresponds to a central Comptonization of y0= (4.41 ± 0.53 ± 0.70) × 10−4. The cluster image represents one of the highest significance SZ detections of a cluster in the positive region of the thermal SZ spectrum to date. We compare the measured central intensity at 1.1 mm to other SZ measurements of Abell 1835 at different wavelengths to obtain values for y0= (3.58 ± 0.28) × 10−4 and the cluster peculiar velocity vz=−538 ± 414 km s−1.
Optimum frame interval for ultrasound image motion estimation (2004)

Extended field of view imaging depends on accurate frame-to-frame estimation of ultrasound images. Using smaller frame increments results in less decorrelation-related inaccuracy but present greater potential for cumulative error due to the increased number of estimates used over any specific dimensional interval. A theory is developed to determine an optimal inter-frame interval that provides the smallest relative dimensional error over a set of accumulated motion estimates. Numerical simulations and practical experiments reflect the same trends as the theoretical results.
Thiazolidinediones Reduce Pathological Neovascularization in Ischemic Retina Via an Adiponectin-Dependent Mechanism (2009)

These data show that TZDs attenuate pathological retinal microvessel formation through APN-mediated modulation of TNF-alpha production.
High performance thermoplastic polyimide matrix-fiber composites (1993)

A new thermoplastic polyimide has been synthesized from 3,3{prime},4,4{prime}-benzophenonecarboxlic dianhydride (BTDA) and 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-(4-aminophenoxy)propane (DMDA) which shows good thermal and dimensional stabilities, as well as mechanical properties. In particular, the toughness of BTDA-DMDA far exceeds other thermoplastic materials with a fracture energy G{sub 1c} of 4.28 kJ/m{sup 2}. A material of this nature has obvious potential as a matrix resin for high temperature, high performance composites. This report concentrates on the study of structure, molecular motion, crystal-amorphous interface and crystal morphology to explore origins of the high toughness. Furthermore, the authors will examine the BTDA-DMDA matrix composites` mechanical properties and matrix-fiber interphase.
Enzymatic Systems for Cellulose Acetate Degradation (2017)

Cellulose acetate (CA)-based materials, like cigarette filters, contribute to landscape pollution challenging municipal authorities and manufacturers. This study investigates the potential of enzymes to degrade CA and to be potentially incorporated into the respective materials, enhancing biodegradation. Deacetylation studies based on Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry-Time of Flight (LC-MS-TOF), High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), and spectrophotometric analysis showed that the tested esterases were able to deacetylate the plasticizer triacetin (glycerol triacetate) and glucose pentaacetate (cellulose acetate model compound). The most effective esterases for deacetylation belong to the enzyme family 2 (AXE55, AXE 53, GAE), they deacetylated CA with a degree of acetylation of up to 1.8. A combination of esterases and cellulases showed synergistic effects, the absolute glucose recovery for CA 1.8 was increased from 15% to 28% when an enzymatic deacetylation was performed. Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase (LPMO), and cellobiohydrolase were able to cleave cellulose acetates with a degree of acetylation of up to 1.4, whereas chitinase showed no activity. In general, the degree of substitution, chain length, and acetyl group distribution were found to affect CA degradation. This study shows that, for a successful enzyme-based deacetylation system, a cocktail of enzymes, which will randomly cleave and generate shorter CA fragments, is the most suitable.
Bis-perfluorocycloalkenyl (PFCA) aryl ether monomers towards a versatile class of semi-fluorinated aryl ether polymers (2016)

A unique class of perfluorocycloalkenyl (PFCA) aryl ether monomers was synthesized from commercially available perfluorocycloalkenes (PFCAs) and bisphenols in good yields. This facile one pot reaction of per- fluorocycloalkenes, namely, octafluorocyclopentene (OFCP), and decafluorocyclohexene (DFCH), with bisphenols occurs at room temperature via an addition–elimination reaction in the presence of a base. The synthesis of PFCA monomers and their condensation with bisphenols lead to perfluorocycloalkenyl (PFCA) aryl ether homopolymers and copolymers with random and/or alternating polymer architectures.
Electronic excitation transfer in polymers. 3. Singlet-singlet, triplet-singlet, and triplet-triplet energy transfers. Evidence for triplet migration among pendant phenyl groups of polystyrene (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectronic excitation transfer in polymers. 3. Singlet-singlet, triplet-singlet, and triplet-triplet energy transfers. Evidence for triplet migration among pendant phenyl groups of polystyreneNicholas J. Turro, Irene E. Kochevar, Yasuhiro Noguchi, and Ming-Fea ChowCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 10, 3170–3177Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00478a036https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00478a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views319Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Heterogeneous MEMS device assembly and integration (2014)

In recent years, smart phone applications have both raised the pressure for cost and time to market reduction, and the need for high performance MEMS devices. This trend has led the MEMS community to develop multi-die packaging of different functionalities or multi-technology (i.e. wafer) approaches to fabricate and assemble devices respectively. This paper reports on the fabrication, assembly and packaging at INO of various MEMS devices using heterogeneous assembly at chip and package-level. First, the performance of a giant (e.g. about 3 mm in diameter), electrostatically actuated beam steering mirror is presented. It can be rotated about two perpendicular axes to steer an optical beam within an angular cone of up to 60&deg; in vector scan mode with an angular resolution of 1 mrad and a response time of 300 ms. To achieve such angular performance relative to mirror size, the microassembly was performed from sub-components fabricated from 4 different wafers. To combine infrared detection with inertial sensing, an electroplated proof mass was flip-chipped onto a 256&times;1 pixel uncooled bolometric FPA and released using laser ablation. In addition to the microassembly technology, performance results of packaged devices are presented. Finally, to simulate a 3072&times;3 pixel uncooled detector for cloud and fire imaging in mid and long-wave IR, the staggered assembly of six 512&times;3 pixel FPAs with a less than 50 micron pixel co-registration is reported.
Methyl radical and H-atom concentrations during diamond growth (1990)

The gas-phase composition at the surface of a growing diamond film was measured as a function of the initial methane (CH4) fraction and, for a 2% methane fraction, as a function of added oxygen (O2). The results were modeled with a one-dimensional reactor flow code that includes diffusion and detailed chemical kinetics. We found that most of the ethylene (C2H4) and ethane (C2H6) that was detected was actually not present in the growth chamber but was instead formed in the probe by recombination of methyl radicals (CH3) that were present in the gas phase. Thus, C2H4 and C2H6 acted as surrogates for CH3 in our system, and measurement of those two stable species allowed us to estimate the mole fraction of the CH3 radical. We then took advantage of the fact that CH3, CH4, H2, and H were in partial equilibrium in the diamond growth chamber in order to estimate the concentration of H. A comparison between the mole fractions of CH3 and H, as determined from our experiments, and the mole fractions calculated from the model shows very good agreement.
Skeletal growth in school children: Maturation and bone mass (1971)

Abstract Skeletal growth and development was evaluated in 322 white children (age 6 to 14) using three different methods: (1) 125 I photon absorptiometry, (2) compact bone measures on radiographs, and (3) Greulich‐Pyle skeletal age from hand‐wrist radiographs. Bone mineral content, measured by photon absorptiometry, increased at an incremental rate of about 8.5% each year. Skeletal age was a poor predictor of skeletal status, i.e., bone mineral content (14% error), and did not decrease the predictive error substantially more than did chronological age. Gross morphology (height and weight) was in fact a better predictor of bone mineral content than were skeletal age, chronological age, and radiographic morphometry. Skeletal age deviations were correlated with deviations in body size. A bone mineral index was devised which was independent of body size and this index was also independent of skeletal age. Skeletal age is imprecise (3 to 6 months error) and the range of variation in normal children (13 months) overlaps the maturational delay of the malnourished and diseased. The difficulties in using skeletal maturation are discussed and it is suggested that particular maturational indices be used which better indicate skeletal growth than does a composite skeletal age.
Clinical characteristics and drug utilisation patterns in patients with chronic cough: a retrospective cohort study using a Japanese claims database (2022)

Patients in this cohort with chronic cough are most frequently identified by a diagnostic cough code for chronic cough, followed by codes for other coughs, cough-variant asthma and atopic cough. Chronic cough frequently presents with an underlying cough-related disease, most frequently allergic rhinitis/nasal inflammation, asthma or GERD. Medication prescription for the underlying cough-related diseases was generally appropriate.
Chemical and physical characterization of remotely loaded bupivacaine liposomes: comparison between large multivesicular vesicles and small unilamellar vesicles (2013)

Large multivesicular liposomes (LMVV) remotely loaded with bupivacaine (Bupisome) were previously demonstrated to be a stable, long-acting local anesthetic. We demonstrate that this is not the case for small unilamellar vesicles (SUV) of the same lipid composition also remotely loaded with bupivacaine. We show that the trapped volume in LMVV is 21-fold higher and the drug-to-lipid mole ratio is 10-fold higher than in SUV. Cryo-transmission electron micrographs and differential interference contrast microscopy show that there are no bupivacaine crystals inside LMVV and SUV. The thermotropic characterization studied by DSC demonstrates that the drug interacts with the liposome membrane, which, together with the above results on the drug-to-lipid ratio, explains the small in vitro drug release from the SUV and large (but <100%) release from the LMVV after 24 h at 37 °C. The absence of analgesia in mice treated locally with SUV loaded with bupivacaine compared with prolonged analgesia from LMVV correlates well with the in vitro results. The study indicates that in LMVV and SUV, part of the bupivacaine is associated with the liposomal membrane, which is poorly available for analgesia. The membrane fraction is very high in SUV and much smaller in LMVV. The much larger trapped volume of the LMVV explains the higher drug availability and better analgesia of LMVV.
Fabrication of narrow-band channel-dropping filters (1992)

The first fabrication and demonstration of narrowband channel-dropping filters, which have recently been proposed for use in high-bit-rate communication systems, is described. The devices use waveguide couplers combined with quarter-wave-shifted distributed-feedback (DFB) resonators and can, in principle, produce resonant transfer of 50% of incident power with sub-angstrom bandwidths. Resonant transfer of power at the expected wavelength and within the expected range of efficiency and bandwidth for this design is shown.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A Human-Specific Gene in Microglia (2005)

Recent studies have shown multiple differences between humans and apes in sialic acid (Sia) biology, including Siglecs (Sia-recognizing-Ig-superfamily lectins). Comparisons with the chimpanzee genome indicate that human SIGLEC11 emerged through human-specific gene conversion by an adjacent pseudogene. Conversion involved 5 cent untranslated sequences and the Sia-recognition domain. This human protein shows reduced binding relative to the ancestral form but recognizes oligosialic acids, which are enriched in the brain. SIGLEC11 is expressed in human but not in chimpanzee brain microglia. Further studies will determine if this event was related to the evolution of Homo.
Development of nano structured graphene oxide incorporated dexamethasone with enhanced dissolution (2022)

We present the development of nanographene oxide (nGO) incorporated dexamethasone (DXM) composites (DXM-nGO) with enhanced aqueous solubility. Antisolvent precipitation was used for successful incorporation of nGO into DXM, a popular COVID-19 drug. The study focuses on morphology and dissolution performance of the formulated DXM-nGO, which were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). In vitro dissolution profile showed that for a DXM-nGO containing 0.5% nGO showed that time for 50% dissolution (T50) dropped from 39 min to 24 min, while time for 80% dissolution (T80) went from not dissolved state to 56 min for the same composite. In general, the nGO incorporation into DXM showed enhanced solubility, and in vitro dissolution data suggest that the nGO may be a candidate for successful bioavailability improvement.
Modeling mucosal immunity- gut microbiota interactions during Clostridium difficile infection (MUC3P.948) (2015)

Abstract Clostridium difficile is a facultative pathogen associated with antibiotic-induced infections which result in an exuberant inflammatory response, leading to nosocomial diarrhea, colitis and even death. We have previously reported novel evidence supporting a role of T cells in modulating host responses to C. difficile. Specifically, T cell alteration towards a pro-inflammatory phenotype due to lack of PPARγ resulted in increased disease symptoms and colonic pathology, which correlated with the abrogation of T cell regulatory (Treg) responses and shift towards a Th17-driven cellular response. To better understand the role of T cells during C. difficile infection from initiation through expansion to resolution, we built a computational model of the cellular host response to the bacterium. In line with our experimental findings, the model demonstrates a crucial role of Th17 effector and Treg responses, as well as an important contribution from commensal bacteria populations in the clearance of C. difficile and colonic pathology. Simulation results predict that proper clearance of infection with reduced damage to the epithelium is possible through a shift in the relative populations of Th17 and Treg cell subsets or through an accelerated regrowth of beneficial commensal strains. Our modeling provides novel insights on the mechanisms regulating C. difficile-associated immunopathology and show the path towards safer and more effective therapeutic interventions.
A SYSTEMATIC APPROACH TO MUSICAL VIBROTACTILE FEEDBACK (2007)

This paper presents a new approach to the integration of vibrotactile feedback into digital musical instruments. A design strategy for musical vibrotactile systems is developed based on stimulator properties and neurophysiological studies of vibrotactile perception. A software vibration synthesizer driven by perceptual sound features extracted from audio feedback has been created based on these concepts. This framework will help to simplify integration of vibrotactile feedback into instrument designs by defining high-order tactile invariants, avoiding the need to explicitly specify low-level vibration stimulus parameters.
Fiber-coupled diode laser systems up to 2-kW output power (2000)

High power diode laser bars and stacks are of great interest in industrial applications due to their high electro-optical efficiency, their small type of construction and maintenance free operation. With highly sophisticated beam shaping optics diode lasers can be used as pumping sources for solid state and fiber lasers and direct for material processing, e.g. welding, soldering and marking metals. We have developed different fiber coupled diode laser systems with output power up to greater than 2 kW cw into a spot 0 1.0 mm (power density greater than 250 kW/cm<SUP>2</SUP>) and systems with output power 170 W cw into a spot 0 0.38 mm (power density about 150 kW/cm<SUP>2</SUP>). The 2 kW system operates with a 0 1.5 mm fiber (N.A. 0.32) and consists of polarization and wavelength coupled stacks with an overall electro-optical efficiency of 23%. The smaller system operates either with a 0 0.6 mm (N.A. 0.22) or 0 0.4 mm (N.A. 0.33) fiber and consists of a single stack. Polarization and wavelength coupling will be realized in future. The overall electro-optical efficiency is about 27%.
The amino-terminal Src homology 2 domain of phospholipase C gamma 1 is essential for TCR-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of phospholipase C gamma 1. (1998)

TCR engagement activates phospholipase C gamma 1 (PLC gamma 1) via a tyrosine phosphorylation-dependent mechanism. PLC gamma 1 contains a pair of Src homology 2 (SH2) domains whose function is that of promoting protein interactions by binding phosphorylated tyrosine and adjacent amino acids. The role of the PLC gamma 1 SH2 domains in PLC gamma 1 phosphorylation was explored by mutational analysis of an epitope-tagged protein transiently expressed in Jurkat T cells. Mutation of the amino-terminal SH2 domain (SH2(N) domain) resulted in defective tyrosine phosphorylation of PLC gamma 1 in response to TCR/CD3 perturbation. In addition, the PLC gamma 1 SH2(N) domain mutant failed to associate with Grb2 and a 36- to 38-kDa phosphoprotein (p36-38), which has previously been recognized to interact with PLC gamma 1, Grb2, and other molecules involved in TCR signal transduction. Conversely, mutation of the carboxyl-terminal SH2 domain (SH2(C) domain) did not affect TCR-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of PLC gamma 1. Furthermore, binding of p36-38 to PLC gamma 1 was not abrogated by mutations of the SH2(C) domain. In contrast to TCR/CD3 ligation, treatment of cells with pervanadate induced tyrosine phosphorylation of either PLC gamma 1 SH2(N) or SH2(C) domain mutants to a level comparable with that of the wild-type protein, indicating that pervanadate treatment induces an alternate mechanism of PLC gamma 1 phosphorylation. These data indicate that the SH2(N) domain is required for TCR-induced PLC gamma 1 phosphorylation, presumably by participating in the formation of a complex that promotes the association of PLC gamma 1 with a tyrosine kinase.
Cover Picture: Proteolytic Actuation of Nanoparticle Self‐Assembly (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 19/2006) (2006)

Sterically shielded …︁ …︁ nanoparticles diffuse freely in solution and biological fluids until proteases expressed by cancer cells trigger them to self‐assemble. In their Communication on page 3161ff., S. N. Bhatia and co‐workers show that complimentary Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticle binding is inhibited by the attachment of protease‐cleavable polymers. Cleavage of these polymers triggers “latent” nanoparticles to form multimeric assemblies with emergent properties.
TKA Results Are Not Compromised By Previous Arthroscopic Procedures (2012)

This study investigated whether two or more previous arthroscopic procedures had an effect on the outcomes of total knee arthroplasty (TKA). We compared 60 patients (62 knees) who had a mean age of 56 years, a mean follow-up of 39 months (range, 26 to 68 months), and a minimum of two arthroscopic procedures before their TKA with a group of patients (n = 438) who underwent TKAs without any previous knee surgery. Clinical outcome was evaluated using Knee Society objective and function scores. Implant survivorship, with revision for aseptic component failure as an end point, was 98% in both cohorts. In the postarthroscopic group, the mean Knee Society objective and function scores improved to a mean of 92 and 89 points, respectively. Radiographic analysis did not find any differences between the two groups. In conclusion, the authors did not find that earlier arthroscopic procedures negatively affected the outcome of TKA.
Input and output queueing packet switch with backpressure mode and queue loss mode for two classes (2002)

Proposes an N/spl times/N input and output queueing packet switch model with both backpressure and queue loss operation mode, where backpressure mode is used for immediate calls and queue loss mode is used for waiting calls. The authors consider a synchronous system with Bernoulli arrivals, and analyze the average system delay and evaluate the loss probability of each class by computer simulation. As the results, they show that this model is useful to decrease the queueing delay of immediate calls and loss probability of waiting calls.