gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Functional Assessment of Spatial Neglect: A Review of the Catherine Bergego Scale and an Introduction of the Kessler Foundation Neglect Assessment Process (2012)

Spatial neglect is a debilitating poststroke neurocognitive disorder associated with prolonged hospitalization and poor rehabilitation outcomes. The literature suggests a high prevalence of this disorder, but clinicians have difficulty reliably identifying affected survivors. This discrepancy may result from suboptimal use of validated neglect assessment procedures. In this article, we suggest use of a validated assessment tool that is sensitive to identification of neglect and its functional consequences - the Catherine Bergego Scale (CBS). We provide detailed item-by-item instructions for observation and scoring - the Kessler Foundation Neglect Assessment Process (KF-NAP). Rehabilitation researchers may be able to use the CBS via the KF-NAP to measure ecological outcomes and specific, separable perceptual-attentional and motor-exploratory spatial behaviors.
Deciphering the proteome of the in vivo diagnostic reagent “purified protein derivative” from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2012)

Purified protein derivative (PPD) has served as a safe and effective diagnostic reagent for 60 years and is the only broadly available material to diagnose latent tuberculosis infections. This reagent is also used as a standard control for a number of in vitro immunological assays. Nevertheless, the molecular composition and specific products that contribute to the extraordinary immunological reactivity of PPD are poorly defined. Here, a proteomic approach was applied to elucidate the gene products in the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) standard PPD-S2. Many known Mycobacterium tuberculosis T-cell antigens were detected. Of significance, four heat shock proteins (HSPs) (GroES, GroEL2, HspX, and DnaK) dominated the composition of PPD. The chaperone activities and capacity of these proteins to influence immunological responses may explain the exquisite solubility and immunological potency of PPD. Spectral counting analysis of three separate PPD reagents revealed significant quantitative variances. Gross delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses in M. tuberculosis infected guinea pigs were comparable among these PPD preparations; however, detailed histopathology of the DTH lesions exposed unique differences, which may be explained by the variability observed in the presence and abundance of early secretory system (Esx) proteins. Variability in PPD reagents may explain differences in DTH responses reported among populations.
ChemInform Abstract: New Strategies to Cyclic α‐Thiophosphonates. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Photoluminescence Spectroscopy of Natural Resins and Organic Binding Media of Paintings (1991)

AbstractAbstractThe photoluminescence spectra of a variety of natural resins and organic binding media used on paintings are reported. A few mixtures of these materials with one another and with pigments were also studied. The application of this technique toward the identification of these materials is considered. Both bulk materials and films prepared from selected bulk materials were studied, and a comparison is made between the bulk and film samples. Temperature and excitation wavelength studies are reported and discussed for several of the samples.
Secretion of Glycosylated Pro–B-Type Natriuretic Peptide from Normal Cardiomyocytes (2011)

Intracellular proBNP trafficking occurs through a conventional Golgi-endoplasmic reticulum pathway. Glycosylation of proBNP1-108 controls the stability and processing of extracellular proBNP1-108. Our data establish a new BNP secretion model in which the normal cardiac cells secrete glycosylated proBNP1-108.
Inhibition of Metastases of a Human Melanoma Xenograft by Monoclonal Antibody to the GD2/GD3 Gangliosides (1989)

A human melanoma variant cell line was obtained from a lung metastasis that arose spontaneously after we inoculated melanoma cells sc into a nude mouse. In this model, IgG2a monoclonal antibody (MAb) ME 36.1 defining the GD2/GD3 gangliosides inhibited melanoma growth at the primary site and metastatic spread of the cells, whereas an IgG1 variant of MAb ME 36.1 inhibited lung metastasis formation only. Possible mechanisms of antitumor effects of MAb ME 36.1 are discussed.
MPBind: a Meta-motif-based statistical framework and pipeline to Predict Binding potential of SELEX-derived aptamers (2014)

MPBind software and documents are available at http://www.morgridge.net/MPBind.html. The human embryonic stem cells whole-cell SELEX-Seq data are available at http://www.morgridge.net/Aptamer/.
A leucine‐rich repeat receptor kinase gene confers quantitative susceptibility to maize southern leaf blight (2023)

Summary Southern leaf blight (SLB), caused by the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Cochliobolus heterostrophus (anamorph Bipolaris maydis ), is a major foliar disease which causes significant yield losses in maize worldwide. A major quantitative trait locus, qSLB 3.04 , conferring recessive resistance to SLB was previously mapped on maize chromosome 3. Using a combination of map‐based cloning, association analysis, ethyl methanesulfonate and transposon mutagenesis, and CRISPR‐Cas9 editing, we demonstrate that a leucine‐rich repeat receptor‐like kinase gene which we have called ChSK1 ( Cochliobolus heterostrophus Susceptibility Kinase 1 ) at qSLB 3.04 causes increased susceptibility to SLB. Genes of this type have generally been associated with the defense response. We present evidence that ChSK1 may be associated with suppression of the basal immune response. These findings contribute to our understanding of plant disease susceptibility genes and the potential to use them for engineering durable disease resistance.
Surface treatments of SiGe for scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy and characterization of SiGe p-n junction (2006)

Hydrogen-termination of SiGe(001) surfaces for scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/STS) measurements was realized by optimizing the chemical treatment. It was found that the chemical oxidation with H2SO4 made the SiO2∕SiGe interface smooth and that the resultant hydrogen-terminated surface treated in the HF+HCl solution had few surface states in the band gap. This surface enabled the authors to evaluate the electrical properties of SiGe by STM/STS. Using the chemical method developed here, STM images of SiGe p-n junctions clearly visualized the existence of the depletion region. Furthermore, the distribution of the local electric properties of SiGe p-n junctions could be revealed with the spatial resolution better than 5×5nm2. It is concluded that STM/STS is a powerful technique to evaluate the local properties of Si∕SiGe devices.
Quantitative analysis of convergent-beam electron diffraction patterns (1993)

In recent years, there have been great advances in electron crystallography by quantitative convergent beam electron diffraction (QCBED). From the distribution of dynamical diffraction intensities, QCBED can determine the Fourier components of the crystal potential accurately and completely, enabling direct measurement of phases of crystal structure factors. Given the combination of small probe size in CBED and the high accuracy of the quantitative analysis (e.g. determination of bonding charge distributions in covalent crystals), QCBED is a powerful experimental methods for detection of a small change in the crystal potential of a few nanometer structure (e.g. near grain boundaries/defects). More recently, interest has shifted towards the possibility of the automated matching of experimental and theoretical CBED patterns by optimization for speed and even higher accuracy. In this work, the combined variable matrix algorithm is used to automate the least-squares refinement. The program was tested by calculated intensities randomized with Gaussian distribution as experimental data.
Protein sensing with SERS: insulin variants and phosphorylation detection (2004)

Spectral differences of surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) were observed for human insulin versus analog and for phosphorylated protein versus unphosphorylated. Adaptive silver films enable soft protein deposition and improved SERS enhancement. This allows to detect small structural differences of proteins at sub-monolayer density.
Energy minimization for real-time systems with non-convex and discrete operation modes (2009)

We present an optimal methodology for dynamic voltage scheduling problem in the presence of realistic assumption such as leakage-power and intra-task overheads. Our contribution is an optimal algorithm for energy minimization that concurrently assumes the presence of (1) non-convex energy-speed models as opposed to previously studied convex models, (2) discrete set of operational modes (voltages) and (3) intra-task energy and delay overhead. We tested our algorithm on MediaBench and task sets used in previous papers. Our simulation results show an average of 22% improvement in energy reduction in comparison with optimal algorithms for convex models without switching overhead and on average of 24% with consideration for energy and delay overheads. This analysis lays the groundwork for improving functionality in CAD design through non-convex techniques for discrete models.
Crystal structure and conformation of pakyonol, a macrocyclic bis(bibenzyl) constituent of Mannia fragrans (1994)

An X-ray analysis of the crystal structure of the title compound has been carried out. For the bond length of one of the ethylene bridges an unreasonably low value was calculated probably due to disorder in the crystal. The disorder was revealed by means of molecular mechanics calculations, which also threw light on further details of the conformational behaviour of the ring system.
On advanced estimation techniques for exoplanet detection and characterization using ground-based coronagraphs (2012)

The direct imaging of planets around nearby stars is exceedingly difficult. Only about 14 exoplanets have been imaged to date that have masses less than 13 times that of Jupiter. The next generation of planet-finding coronagraphs, including VLT-SPHERE, the Gemini Planet Imager, Palomar P1640, and Subaru HiCIAO have predicted contrast performance of roughly a thousand times less than would be needed to detect Earth-like planets. In this paper we review the state of the art in exoplanet imaging, most notably the method of Locally Optimized Combination of Images (LOCI), and we investigate the potential of improving the detectability of faint exoplanets through the use of advanced statistical methods based on the concepts of the ideal observer and the Hotelling observer. We propose a formal comparison of techniques using a blind data challenge with an evaluation of performance using the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) and Localization ROC (LROC) curves. We place particular emphasis on the understanding and modeling of realistic sources of measurement noise in ground-based AO-corrected coronagraphs. The work reported in this paper is the result of interactions between the co-authors during a week-long workshop on exoplanet imaging that was held in Squaw Valley, California, in March of 2012.
VideoKheti (2013)

Designing ICT systems for rural users in the developing world is difficult for a variety of reasons ranging from problems with infrastructure to wide differences in user contexts and capabilities. Developing regions may include huge variability in spoken languages, and users are often low- or non-literate, with very little experience interacting with digital technologies. Researchers have explored the use of text-free graphical interfaces as well as speech-based applications to overcome some of the issues related to language and literacy. While there are benefits and drawbacks to each of these approaches, they can be complementary when used together. In this work, we present VideoKheti, a mobile system using speech, graphics, and touch interaction for low-literate farmers in rural India. VideoKheti helps farmers to find and watch agricultural extension videos in their own language and dialect. In this paper, we detail the design and development of VideoKheti and report on a field study with 20 farmers in rural India who were asked to find videos based on a scenario. The results show that farmers could use VideoKheti, but their success still greatly depended on their education level. While participants were enthusiastic about using the system, the multimodal interface did not overcome many obstacles for low-literate users.
Modeling the respiratory depressant effect of opioids: application to fentanyl (2004)

The respiratory depressant effect of fentanyl is described quantitatively by using a mathematical model. The model is an extension of a previous one reproducing the human ventilatory control system on physiological bases. The model includes three compartments (lung, body tissue and brain tissue), the main mechanisms involved in respiratory regulation (peripheral and central chemoreceptors, and the central hypoxic depression), and local blood flow regulation. Fentanyl effects on respiratory system include a weakening of the peripheral and central chemoreceptor gains on ventilation, a depression of body metabolism, and a direct inhibition of respiratory activity. All parameter values in the model have been chosen in accordance with clinical data from the literature. The model, with suitable values of its parameters, is able to reproduce the main respiratory variables in a wide range of fentanyl plasma concentrations, showing that minute ventilation in spontaneously breathing subjects depends on two antagonistic actions: opiod inhibitory influences, which abate ventilation, and the consequent chemoreflex stimulation. Simulations of resumption of spontaneous breathing after artificial ventilation in anesthetized patients indicate that a safe resumption can be achieved through approaches that increase patient CO/sub 2/ tension, since they shorten the time for chemoreceptor activation to overcome fentanyl-induced inhibition of respiratory activity.
Engineering protein glycosylation in CHO cells to be highly similar to murine host cells (2023)

Since 2015 more than 34 biosimilars have been approved by the FDA. This new era of biosimilar competition has stimulated renewed technology development focused on therapeutic protein or biologic manufacturing. One challenge in biosimilar development is the genetic differences in the host cell lines used to manufacture the biologics. For example, many biologics approved between 1994 and 2011 were expressed in murine NS0 and SP2/0 cell lines. Chinese Hamster ovary (CHO) cells, however, have since become the preferred hosts for production due to their increased productivity, ease of use, and stability. Differences between murine and hamster glycosylation have been identified in biologics produced using murine and CHO cells. In the case of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), glycan structure can significantly affect critical antibody effector function, binding activity, stability, efficacy, and <i>in vivo</i> half-life. In an attempt to leverage the intrinsic advantages of the CHO expression system and match the reference biologic murine glycosylation, we engineered a CHO cell expressing an antibody that was originally produced in a murine cell line to produce murine-like glycans. Specifically, we overexpressed cytidine monophospho-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase (CMAH) and N-acetyllactosaminide alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase (GGTA) to obtain glycans with N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) and galactose-α-1,3-galactose (alpha gal). The resulting CHO cells were shown to produce mAbs with murine glycans, and they were then analyzed by the spectrum of analytical methods typically used to demonstrate analytical similarity as a part of demonstrating biosimilarity. This included high-resolution mass spectrometry, biochemical, as well as cell-based assays. Through selection and optimization in fed-batch cultures, two CHO cell clones were identified with similar growth and productivity criteria to the original cell line. They maintained stable production for 65 population doubling times while matching the glycosylation profile and function of the reference product expressed in murine cells. This study demonstrates the feasibility of engineering CHO cells to express mAbs with murine glycans to facilitate the development of biosimilars that are highly similar to marketed reference products expressed in murine cells. Furthermore, this technology can potentially reduce the residual uncertainty regarding biosimilarity, resulting in a higher probability of regulatory approval and potentially reduced costs and time in development.
Accurate Measurement of Multi-Tone Power Ratio (MTPR) of ADSL Devices Using Low Cost Testers (2005)

Measurement of multi-tone power ratio (MTPR) on the transmitter output of a central office ADSL analog front-end device (AFE) poses stringent requirements on the linearity of the ATE digitizer. Cost of the ATE digitizer that can perform this test in a specification compliant manner is prohibitively high. In this paper, a test technique to perform TX MTPR test on a central office ADSL device using low-cost automatic test equipment (ATE) is proposed. The proposed technique is based on adding optimum dither noise to the output of the DUT, to improve the performance of the low cost ATE digitizer. The dither reduces the distortion caused by the static errors in the ATE digitizer by randomizing these nonlinear errors. Results obtained using the proposed method on ASDL AFE devices show an improvement of /spl sim/7dB in MTPR measurement with very good repeatability.
Integrated silicon microfluidic chip for picoliter-scale analyte segmentation and microscale printing for mass spectrometry imaging (2022)

A silicon single-chip microfluidics system that integrates microscale fluidic channels, an analyte segmentation device, and a nozzle for electrohydrodynamic-assisted printing is designed for hyphenation with MALDI mass spectrometry (MS) imaging. A miniaturized T-junction segments analytes into monodisperse picoliter oil-isolated compartments. The printing nozzle deposits generated droplets one-by-one into an array on a conductive substrate without splitting or coalescing. Virtually single-shot MS analysis is enabled due to the ultrasmall droplet volumes and highly localized printing. The signal-to-noise ratio indicates that detection limits at the attomole level are achieved for γ-aminobutyric acid.
Catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation (2004)

Atrial fibrillation, the most common cardiac arrhythmia, is frequently disabling and drug-resistant, and can be associated with major complications such as thromboembolic events. Non drug approaches, including surgery and catheter-based ablation, are used to treat the most severely symptomatic patients. These new treatment strategies have drastically improved our knowledge of the pathophysiology of this arrhythmia and, importantly, have shown that atrial fibrillation is curable. Since 1994, two main approaches have been used to modify the substrate responsible for AF maintenance, namely the creation of linear lesions, and ablation of triggers located within the pulmonary veins (about 90% of cases). Most teams worldwide now use approaches centered on PV isolation, which, although imperfect, are sufficiently effective to be offered routinely to selected patients in experienced centers. The importance of PVs in the initiation of AF has been clearly demonstrated, and there is also evidence of a role in AF maintenance. However, the existence of non venous foci or a prominent substrate for AF maintenance limits the success rate to about 70%. We are now using a combination of PV isolation and a linear lesion delivered to the mitral isthmus, from the mitral annulus to the ostium of the left inferior pulmonary vein. This more complex procedure carries a significantly higher success rate, about 82% of patients being cured and drug-free. The main problem is to identify patients requiring mitral isthmus ablation in addition to PV isolation. At present, AF ablation is restricted to symptomatic patients in whom at least two antiarrhythmic drugs have failed, but future technical improvements are likely to broaden the indications of ablation therapy for AF.
Functional DMFC Cathode Catalysts and Supports Based on Niobium Oxide Phase (2011)

Composite electrocatalysts consisting of platinum nanophase supported on carbon black decorated with niobium oxide phase were prepared by a two step precipitation/reduction procedure. The intrinsic catalytic activity of these materials was evaluated for the oxygen electroreduction reaction, measured in the absence and presence of methanol. It was found that the NbxOy-composite materials are more hydrophilic and thus initially have lower intrinsic catalytic activity for oxygen reduction. However, materials containing NbxOy offer better overall platinum mass utilization, achieved through much better dispersion of the platinum nanophase. Such advantageous dispersion is observed even for high metal loadings. Another advantage of these materials is minimal effect of poisoning with the intermediates formed during methanol oxidation that results in the enhanced methanol tolerance in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC).
Low-Temperature Synthesis and Dielectric Properties of Pb (Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3/BaPbO3 Bilayer Films. (2000)

Bilayer films of Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 [PMN]/BaPbO3 [BPO] were fabricated on MgO (100) substrates by metallo-organic deposition (MOD) method. PMN films crystallized to a perovskite structure by firing above 450°C on BPO. A broad peak at around-10°C was observed in the temperature dependence of the dielectric constant of the PMN film fabricated from a solution containing 20mol% Pb excess and fired at 600°C. The PMN film showed a P-E hysteresis loop with a remanent polarization, Pr=0.03C/m2 and a coercive field, Ec=5MV/m at -45°C, despite a very narrow hysteresis loop at room temperature.
Predictive Control Framework for Thermal Management of Automotive Fuel Cell Systems at High Ambient Temperatures (2022)

Environmental conditions have a significant effect on the performance of fuel cell systems. This paper studies the vehicle hydrogen consumption, the thermal management system, and the thermal loads of an automotive fuel cell system. A predictive control framework for thermal management is investigated to minimize the overall hydrogen consumption. Initially, a numerical modeling approach for the automotive fuel cell system is presented from electrochemical and thermal perspectives. Then, the problem formulation related to the thermal management strategy is presented and solved with an optimization method based on dynamic programming (DP). The implemented DP exploits the a priori knowledge of the driving mission to appropriately control the fuel cell system gross power and the operation of the radiator fan, the coolant pump, and the compressor. Optimization constraints involve maintaining the fuel cell stack temperature below the operational limit and avoiding the thermal system from being activated when the vehicle is at rest. The fuel cell system is tested while the vehicle performs different numbers of repetitions of the Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicle Test Procedure (WLTP) at high ambient temperature. Using the proposed predictive control framework for thermal management, results demonstrate that an average 62.5% to 63.0% efficiency can be attained by the fuel cell stack in extreme ambient conditions both in short distance and long distance driving missions.