gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Asymmetric Electrophilic Fluorocyclization with Carbon Nucleophiles (2013)

Fluoriert und verdrillt: Verschiedene fluorierte Tetracyclen mit helikaler Molekülarchitektur wurden durch eine Fluorcarbocyclisierung prochiraler Alkene erhalten. Für die Entwicklung einer asymmetrischen Variante dieser Umwandlung erwiesen sich neuartige chirale Selectfluor-Derivate (1) als entscheidend. Diese chiralen N-F-Reagentien sind durch Fluorübertragung von stabilen N-Fluorpyridinium-Salzen leicht herstellbar.
High-confinement nanophotonic structures on chip (2005)

Photonics on chip could enable a platform for monolithic integration of optics and microelectronics for applications in which high data streams are required in a small footprint. Recent results in Nanophotonics have shown the ability to guide, filter, bend and split light on Silicon chips using nano-size structures. Using highly confined photonic structures we have demonstrated ultra-compact silicon photonic components with very low loss. The highly confined photonic structures enhance the effective light matter interaction in the structures.
Group secret key agreement over state-dependent wireless broadcast channels (2011)

We consider a group of m trusted nodes that aim to create a shared secret key K, using a state-dependent wireless broadcast channel that exists from one of the honest nodes to the rest of the nodes including a passive eavesdropper Eve. All of the trusted nodes can also discuss over a cost-free and unlimited rate public channel which is also observed by Eve. For this setup, we develop an information-theoretically secure secret key agreement protocol. We show the optimality of this protocol for linear deterministic wireless broadcast channels as well as in the high-SNR regime for wireless channels with large dynamic range over channel states.
Almost-constant-time clustering of arbitrary corpus subsets4 (1997)

Methods exist for comtant-time clustering of corpus subsets selected via Scatter/Gather browsing [3]. In thii paper we expand on those techniqum, giving an algorithm for alrnostconstant-time clustering of arbitrary corpus subsets. This algorithm is never slower than clustering the document set from scratch, and for medium-sised and large sets it is significantly faster. ThE algorithm ia USSM for clustering arbitrary subsets of large corpora -obtained, for instance, by a boolean search -quickly enough to be useful in an interactive setting.
Morphology of Thermoplastic Elastomers:  Elastomeric Polypropylene (2002)

The morphology of low-density (0.86 g/cm3), low-crystallinity (10%) elastomeric polypropylene (ePP) derived from a bis(2-arylindenyl)hafnium catalyst was investigated using a combination of polarized optical microscopy (POM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and tapping mode atomic force microscopy (TM-AFM). This thermoplastic elastomer, when crystallized isothermally from the melt, exhibits morphologies reminiscent of classical semicrystalline polymers. The presence of lamellae, crosshatching, hedrites, and spherulites was revealed by high-resolution TM-AFM. POM confirmed the presence of hedrites and spherulites. The parent ePP can be fractionated into components of different average tacticities ([mmmm]%: 21%−76%) and crystallinities (1%−40% as determined by DSC and WAXS) but more similar molecular mass (Mw: 147−432 kg/mol) and polydispersity (Mw/Mn: 2.1−2.5). The analysis of the morphologies of these fractions revealed large hierarchical structures for all but the lowest crystallinity fraction and crosshatching typical of the α-modification of crystalline isotactic polypropylene for all fractions. The solubility of the corresponding fractions in ether and heptane combined with new evidence for crystals with melting temperatures higher than 100 °C in all of the fractions is most consistent with a stereoblock microstructure of atactic and isotactic sequences in ePP.
Spatially-Stationary Model for Holographic MIMO Small-Scale Fading (2020)

Imagine an array with a massive (possibly uncountably infinite) number of antennas in a compact space. We refer to a system of this sort as Holographic MIMO. Given the impressive properties of Massive MIMO, one might expect a holographic array to realize extreme spatial resolution, incredible energy efficiency, and unprecedented spectral efficiency. At present, however, its fundamental limits have not been conclusively established. A major challenge for the analysis and understanding of such a paradigm shift is the lack of mathematically tractable and numerically reproducible channel models that retain some semblance to the physical reality. Detailed physical models are, in general, too complex for tractable analysis. This paper aims to take a closer look at this interdisciplinary challenge. Particularly, we consider the small-scale fading in the far-field, and we model it as a zero-mean, spatially-stationary, and correlated Gaussian scalar random field. A physically-meaningful correlation is obtained by requiring that the random field be consistent with the scalar Helmholtz equation. This formulation leads directly to a rather simple and exact description of the three-dimensional small-scale fading as a Fourier plane-wave spectral representation. Suitably discretized, this yields a discrete representation for the field as a Fourier plane-wave series expansion, from which a computationally efficient way to generate samples of the small-scale fading over spatially-constrained compact spaces is developed. The connections with the conventional tools of linear systems theory and Fourier transform are thoroughly discussed.
Empirical Predictability Study of SDN Switches (2019)

To meet their increasingly stringent dependability requirements, communication networks need to be predictable, both in terms of correctness and performance. In principle, Software-Defined Networks (SDN) enable such more predictable networks, however, these networks still depend the underlying switches. This paper presents an empirical study of the predictability of SDN switches. Our extensive benchmarking of seven hardware OpenFlow switches from four different manufacturers raises several concerns regarding the dependability of these switches. We uncover several incorrect and unpredictable behaviors and performance issues. In particular, we identify unpredictable behaviors related to the management of flows and buffers, and observe that existing quality-of-service mechanisms, such as priority queuing, introduce unexpected overheads. The latter, in turn, can lead to violations of latency guarantees. Based on our insights, we discuss first solutions toward more predictable architectures.
Deep Visual Teach and Repeat on Path Networks (2018)

We propose an approach for solving Visual Teach and Repeat tasks for routes that consist of discrete directions along path networks using deep learning. Visual paths are specified by a single monocular image sequence and our approach does not query frames or image features during inference, but instead is composed of classifiers trained on each path. Our method is efficient for both storing or following paths and enables sharing of visual path specifications between parties without sharing visual data explicitly. We evaluate our approach in a simulated environment, and present qualitative results on real data captured with a smartphone.
Unsupervised learning of edit parameters for matching name variants (2008)

Since named entities are often written in different ways, question answering (QA) and other language processing tasks stand to benefit from entity matching. We address the problem of finding equivalent person names in unstructured text. Our approach is a generalization of spelling correction: We compare to candidate matches by applying a set of edits to an input name. We introduce a novel unsupervised method for learning spelling edit probabilities which improves overall F-Measure on our own name-matching task by 12%. Relevance is demonstrated by application to the GALE Distillation task.
Vasa Vasorum Imaging (2010)

The majority of acute coronary syndromes are the result of coronary plaque rupture. Recent studies have revealed the presence of neovascularization in and around the plaque to be a common feature of presumed rupture-prone (vulnerable) plaques. Intravascular ultrasound combined with contrast enhancement agents has been shown to be useful for the detection and quantification of vasa vasorum (VV) and angiogenesis within the vessel wall. In this chapter, the two state-of-the-art techniques for VV imaging are reviewed.
Influenza in children and young adults with cancer.20 cases (1977)

The purpose of this study was to characterize the clinical features of laboratory-confirmed influenza in 20 children and young adults with cancer who were receiving immunosuppressive therapy. Viruses isolated from pharyngeal and nasopharyngeal cultures were identified as the A/Hong Kong/1/68 strain or one of its variants, either A/England/42/72, A/Port Chalmers/1/73, or A/Victoria/3/75. Although the signs and symptoms of influenza in our patients were not unusual, the clinical course lasted twice as long as in the general population. Complications developed in only 3 patients and were related to secondary bacterial infections rather than influenza. An important sequelae of influenza was the interruption of cancer therapy in 16 patients for periods of 4 days to 3 1/2 weeks. The severity of influenza did not appear related to type or activity of malignancy or to duration or specific form of cancer therapy. Guidelines for the prevention and management of influenza in children with cancer are recommended.
Strengthening of Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy by high-pressure torsion processing (2020)

A Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy with three different initial microstructures was processed by high-pressure torsion (HPT) and the resultant microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloy after HPT processing were investigated. The microstructure of the as-received alloy was an equiaxed (α+β) microstructure. The rods were subjected to solution treatment and aging (STA) treatment to obtain a bi-modal microstructure consisting of an equiaxed α phase and lamellar α+β phases, and those to solution treatment and quenching (STQ) treatment to obtain a bi-modal microstructure consisting of equiaxed α-phase and acicular α’-phase. Disks were cut from those rods and were processed by HPT under a pressure of 6 GPa. After HPT processing through 20 revolutions, the alloy with each of the three initial microstructures showed ultrafine grains with a size of ~70 nm. The alloy resulted in a higher tensile strength (1350 MPa) in both the bi-modal microstructures than that (1250 MPa) in the alloy with equiaxed α+β microstructure after HPT processing. It was shown that the Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy with the bi-modal microstructure was strengthened more than with the equiaxed α+β microstructure when the alloy was processed by HPT. Furthermore, the alloy with bi-modal microstructure consisting of equiaxed α-phase and acicular α’-phase showed a good balance between the tensile strength (1280 MPa) and the elongation to fracture (22%) after HPT processing through 1 revolution. In summary, therefore, large strength and elongation of the Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy were simultaneously achieved by HPT processing.
Yb-Er co-doping for resonantly pumped fiber lasers at eye-safer wavelengths (Conference Presentation) (2018)

Erbium doped fiber lasers are attractive candidates for high energy lasers (HELs) used in directed energy applications because they operate at wavelengths that are both safer to the eye and in a high atmospheric transmission window. A significant issue for erbium doped fibers is detrimental clustering effects such as upconversion and quenching. We have investigated the use of ytterbium-erbium co-doping in both solution and nanoparticle form, where Yb ions are used to help disperse and separate the Er ions in order to avoid these effects. Both solution doping and nanoparticle doping were investigated and optimal concentrations for both were determined. By optimizing variables such as Yb/Er ratio and Al precursor concentrations during synthesis we have been able to increase erbium concentration levels in Silica fiber cores while minimizing detrimental clustering effects. In-band pumping of Er ions at 1475 nm in a single-mode master oscillator power amplifier set-up was used to investigate lasing efficiency, and therefore the Yb ions do not absorb and are optically passive. This ensures that the fibers are operating in the eye-safer regime. We have achieved optical to optical slope efficiencies of 50% for Yb-Er NP and solution doping in a single mode fiber with Er concentrations that are much greater than are achievable with conventional solution doping. Results indicate improved potential for power scaling.
Grouping Influences in Unilateral Visual Neglect (2003)

Effects of grouping on unilateral neglect were investigated in 8 neurological patients with right hemisphere damage. It is well documented that arranging items to form a group spanning the midline decreases the magnitude of neglect. In the present study we examined how clusters of groups within the left or right visual field affect neglect and whether isolated groups within the neglected field deflect attention from right-sided displays. We orthogonally varied the strength of grouping on the right and left sides of a display and measured the time to find a predesignated target in one of those groups. Groups on the neglected left side did not affect right-sided target detection any more than an empty left page. However, strength of grouping did affect left sided target detection. These findings are discussed as they relate to attention and preattention in unilateral visual neglect.
Valproic Acid, a Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor, Is an Antagonist for Oncolytic Adenoviral Gene Therapy (2006)

Oncolytic adenoviruses preferentially replicate in and lyse tumor cells. However, their application to cancer gene therapy has been complicated by the low levels of coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR) expressed in many solid tumors. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) significantly up-regulate CAR expression in tumor cells and have additional antineoplastic activities. Therefore, there is a clear rationale for the combination of HDACIs and oncolytic adenoviral gene therapy. We present evidence that HDACI treatment significantly inhibits adenoviral replication, viral burst, and tumor cell kill. Valproic acid (VPA), a well-established HDACI, inhibits adenoviral replication late in the viral life cycle. We hypothesized that VPA induction of the cell-cycle-regulating protein p21(WAF1/CIP1) may be partly responsible for this activity. We demonstrate that p21(WAF1/CIP1) expression alone limits viral replication and decreases viral titers in different cancer cell models. We also demonstrate that VPA and replicating adenovirus mutually inhibit each other's ability to kill cells, independent of p21(WAF1/CIP1) expression. These results not only identify the importance of p21(WAF1/CIP1) in the biology of adenoviral replication, but also suggest that oncolytic adenoviral gene therapy will be inhibited rather than enhanced by VPA (HDACI) treatment.
Design and Synthesis of an Array of Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators (2006)

We describe the design, using shape comparison and fast docking computer algorithms, and rapid parallel synthesis of a 1300 member array based on GSK7721, a 4-aminobenzonitrile androgen receptor (AR) antagonist identified by focused screening of the GSK compound collection. The array yielded 352 submicromolar and 17 subnanomolar AR agonists as measured by a cell-based reporter gene functional assay. The rapid synthesis of a large number of active compounds provided valuable information in the optimization of AR modulators, which may be useful in treating androgen deficiency in aging males.
Solution structure of a tmRNA‐binding protein, SmpB, from Thermus thermophilus (2002)

Small protein B (SmpB) is required for trans-translation, binding specifically to tmRNA. We show here the solution structure of SmpB from an extremely thermophilic bacterium, Thermus thermophilus HB8, determined by heteronuclear nuclear magnetic resonance methods. The core of the protein consists of an antiparallel beta-barrel twisted up from eight beta-strands, each end of which is capped with the second or third helix, and the first helix is located beside the barrel. Its C-terminal sequence (20 residues), which is rich in basic residues, shows a poorly structured form, as often seen in isolated ribosomal proteins. The results are discussed in relation to the oligonucleotide binding fold.
PECTIN CONTENT OF MEYER LEMON (1976)

ABSTRACT The peel and fruit residue recovered after juice extraction of Meyer lemons were composed of flavedo (25% wt/wt), albedo (30%), membrane (26%) and juice vesicles or sacs (19%). The average recovery and pectin grade from the component parts of the fruit decreased with increasing maturity, with the flavedo showing a greater change in grade than the internal fruit components. Yields (lb/90 lb box of fruit) of pectin was 1.5 lb/box (Sept.), 0.8 lb/box (Nov.) and 0.7 lb/box (Dec.). Meyer lemon flavedo, albedo, membrane and juice sacs yielded pectins of 217, 252, 286 and 213 average jelly grade, respectively.
The Bone Morphogenetic Protein 15 Gene Is X-Linked and Expressed in Oocytes (1998)

We have taken advantage of the sequence relationships among the bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) to identify the mouse Bmp15 and human BMP15 genes. The 392-amino acid prepropeptides encoded by these BMP genes exhibit significant homology to each other, although the 70% identity observed between the 125-amino acid mature peptides is considerably lower than that seen in comparisons of other mouse and human orthologs. Both genes share a common structural organization and encode mature peptides that lack the cysteine residue normally involved in the formation of a covalent dimer. In addition, mouse Bmp15 and human BMP15 map to conserved syntenic regions on the X chromosome. We demonstrate, through a combination of Northern blot and in situ hybridization analyses, that mouse Bmp15 is expressed specifically in the oocyte beginning at the one-layer primary follicle stage and continuing through ovulation. Interestingly, BMP-15 is most closely related to and shares a coincident expression pattern with the mouse growth/differentiation factor 9 (GDF-9) gene that is essential for female fertility. Our findings will be important for defining the role of BMP-15 in follicular development.
Tetrathiomolybdate versus Trientine in the Initial Treatment of Neurologic Wilson's Disease (2008)

Background: The initial treatment of the neurologic presentation of Wilson's disease is problematic. Penicillamine, used for years on most patients, causes neurologic worsening in up to half of such patients, and half of those who worsen never recover. Zinc, ideal for maintenance therapy, is too slow for these acutely ill patients. We have developed tetrathiomolybdate (TM) for this type of patient, and it has worked well in open label studies. Trientine, another anticopper drug on the market approved for penicillamine intolerant patients, had not been tried in this type of patient. Here, we report on a double blind trial of TM versus trientine in the neurologically presenting Wilson's disease patient. Design and Methods: The study was a double blind design in which patients received either TM plus zinc, or trientine plus zinc, for 8 weeks. Patients were accepted if they presented with neurologic symptoms from Wilson's disease, if they had not been treated longer than 4 weeks with penicillamine or trientine. Patients were followed in the hospital for the 8 weeks of treatment with weekly semiquantitative neurologic and speech examinations, to evaluate possible neurologic worsening. They also had blood and urine studies done weekly. At discharge from hospital they were continued on zinc maintenance therapy, and returned at yearly intervals for 3 years for further evaluation. Results: Twenty-three patients were entered into the trientine arm and 6 reached criteria for neurologic deterioration, while 25 patients were entered into the TM arm and only 1 deteriorated (p < 0.05).
Abstract LB-164: IDH mutations and tumorgenicity (2012)

Abstract IDH mutations and tumorgenicity Kate Yen1, Fang Wang1, Sung Choe1, Stefanie Schalm1, Erica Hansen1, Kimberly Straley1, Janeta Popovici-Muller1, Jeremy Travins1, Hua Yang1, Lee Silverman1, William Kaelin2, Stefan Gross1, Lenny Dang1, Frank Salituro1, Jeff Saunders1, David Schenkein1, Michael Su1, Scott Biller1 Mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) and 2 (IDH2) genes are present in ∼16% of acute myeloid leukemia, and these mutations cause neomorphic enzyme activity that results in the production of 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG). Mutational and epigenetic profiling of a large patient cohort of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) revealed that IDH1/2-mutant AMLs display global DNA hypermethylation and a specific hypermethylation signature. To further investigate the intrinsic effect of 2HG on hematopoietic differentiation, we studied erythroleukemia cell lines transfected with IDH1 and IDH2 mutant alleles which overexpress the mutant enzyme, have high levels of 2HG, and exhibit GM-CSF independent growth. Further investigation showed that GATA1, a transcriptional factor known to direct myeloid differentiation, is also down-regulated by IDH2m in these cells along with its downstream direct target SLC4A1. These results demonstrate that the IDH2m can perturb the expression of transcription factors that could lead to alterations in myeloid differentiation. These data suggest that an inhibitor of IDH1/2 mutations could correct for the altered gene expression patterns seen in IDH1/2 mutant AML tumors leading to a profound effect on hematopoietic differentiation, proliferation and tumor growth. We are currently studying the global effects of IDH1/2 mutant overexpression on the methylation of histones and DNA to have a broader understanding of the biological consequence of the IDH1/2 gain of function mutations. Furthermore, treatment of these cell lines with compounds specific for either IDH1 or IDH2 mutant enzymes has a profound effect on their biology. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-164. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-164
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Pyrrolo[2,1‐c][1,4]benzodiazepine‐5,11‐diones. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Loopback architecture for wafer-level at-speed testing of embedded HyperTransport<sup>TM</sup> processor links (2009)

We present transceiver serial loopback that enables cost-effective wafer-level at-speed testing of HyperTransporttrade (HT) I/O for processor die-to-die communication. Besides facilitating known-good-die testing, this feature provides observability of multi-chip module (MCM) die-to-die links that are completely embedded without external pin visibility. We demonstrate production screening of 45-nm SOI-CMOS wafers at 6.4 Gb/s.
The arrival of the first Arkwright machine in Catalonia (1998)

In early Iiovember 1789 two English machine-makers, John Waddle and