gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Konzeptioneller Vergleich von elektrischen und hydrostatischen Fahrantrieben im Mähdrescher (2014)

Der steigende Bedarf an Biomasseerzeugung und Versorgung mit Nahrungsmitteln erfordert in Zukunft die Steigerung der Produktivität und Effizienz von Erntemaschinen. Die Notwendigkeit weiter steigende Maschinenleistung in einem limitierten Bauraum unterzubringen und die Fortschritte in der Entwicklung elektrischer Antriebe machen neue Antriebskonzepte auf der Basis elektro-mechanischer Energiewandlung möglich. Dieser Beitrag vergleicht die Vor- und Nachteile heutiger Antriebslösungen mit neuen Systemen, die mechanische und hydraulische Leistungsverzweigung mit ihren entsprechenden Nachteilen in Wirkungsgrad, Bauraum und Flexibilität durch die konsequente Nutzung der Vorteile von elektrischen Antrieben ersetzt.
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and a Disorder Resembling Sjogren's Syndrome: Preliminary Report (1994)

Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), as currently described in the working criteria proposed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Atlanta), may be associated with multiple, distinct, and possibly unique clinical and/or etiopathogenic subsets. Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a disease of unknown etiology that is characterized by dryness of the mucous membranes and a variety of autoimmune phenomena and conditions. Subjective manifestations of SS such as neurocognitive dysfunction and fatigue have been stressed by some observers. We have detected a large number of patients with unrecognized SS-like illness in a clinical specializing in CFS and believe the relationship to be more than casual. From January 1991 through April 1992, 172 patients were evaluated for CFS; the SS cohort consisted of 27 females (mean age, 41.9 years). Sixteen of these patients had previously been found to have CFS by a physician, and 11 were self-referred. All patients complained of severe, dominating, chronic fatigue. Complaints of myalgia were prominent; 20 of 27 patients met the criteria for fibromyalgia. Neurocognitive complaints and/or a history of neuropsychiatric disease was frequent. Results of Schirmer's test were abnormal for 16 of 27, and results of minor salivary-gland biopsy were abnormal for 20 of 25. Antibodies to nuclear antigen were present in 16 of 27, but anti-Ro was present in only 1 of 21. In the SS group, 13 of 27 patients met eight or more CDC minor criteria for CFS, and 18 of 27 met six or more of the criteria.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Rheological determinants for simultaneous staging of hepatic fibrosis and inflammation in patients with chronic liver disease (2018)

The purpose of this study is to investigate the use of fundamental rheological parameters as quantified by MR elastography (MRE) to measure liver fibrosis and inflammation simultaneously in humans. MRE was performed on 45 patients at 3 T using a vibration frequency of 56 Hz. Fibrosis and inflammation scores were obtained from liver biopsies. Biomechanical properties were quantified in terms of complex shear modulus G<sup>*</sup> as well as shear wave phase velocity c and shear wave attenuation α. A rheological fractional derivative order model was used to investigate the linear dependence of the free model parameters (dispersion slope y, intrinsic speed c<sub>0</sub> , and intrinsic relaxation time τ) on histopathology. Leave-one-out cross-validation was then utilized to demonstrate the effectiveness of the model. The intrinsic speed c<sub>0</sub> increases with hepatic fibrosis, while an increased relaxation time τ is reflective of more inflammation of the liver parenchyma. The dispersion slope y does not depend either on fibrosis or on inflammation. The proposed rheological model, given this specific parameterization, establishes the functional dependences of biomechanical parameters on histological fibrosis and inflammation. The leave-one-out cross-validation demonstrates that the model allows identification, from the MRE measurements, of the histology scores when grouped into low-/high-grade fibrosis and low-/high-grade inflammation with significance levels of P = 0.0004 (fibrosis) and P = 0.035 (inflammation). The functional dependences of intrinsic speed and relaxation time on fibrosis and inflammation, respectively, shed new light onto the impact hepatic pathological changes on liver tissue biomechanics in humans. The dispersion slope y appears to represent a structural parameter of liver parenchyma not impacted by the severity of fibrosis/inflammation present in this patient cohort. This specific parametrization of the well-established rheological fractional order model is valuable for the clinical assessment of both fibrosis and inflammation scores, going beyond the capability of the plain shear modulus measurement commonly used for MRE.
Insitutype: likelihood-based cell typing for single cell spatial transcriptomics (2022)

Abstract Accurate cell typing is fundamental to analysis of spatial single-cell transcriptomics, but legacy scRNA-seq algorithms can underperform in this new type of data. We have developed a cell typing algorithm, Insitutype, designed for statistical and computational efficiency in spatial transcriptomics data. Insitutype is based on a likelihood model that weighs the evidence from every expression value, extracting all the information available in each cell’s expression profile. This likelihood model underlies a Bayes classifier for supervised cell typing, and an Expectation-Maximization algorithm for unsupervised and semi-supervised clustering. Insitutype also leverages alternative data types collected in spatial studies, such as cell images and spatial context, by using them to inform prior probabilities of cell type calls. We demonstrate rapid clustering of millions of cells and accurate fine-grained cell typing of kidney and non-small cell lung cancer samples.
Fabrication of a continuous diamondlike carbon membrane mask for electron projection lithography (2003)

Fabrication of 8 in. high-performance continuous diamondlike carbon (DLC) membrane masks for electron projection lithography is described. The mask substrate materials and structures were optimized by evaluating the lithographic performance of the mask. The optimum mask consists of a sandwich structure, consisting of a thicker DLC scatter/a CrNx etching stopper/and a thin DLC support membrane on a bulk silicon wafer. The internal stress of each film component can be controlled by adjusting the film deposition conditions. A DLC film can be easily etched by oxygen gas, and the CrNx etching stopper has a high etching durability. Highly accurate pattern properties can be obtained while also meeting performance requirements. The critical dimension accuracy of a DLC scatterer was less than ±5% with a 280-nm-feature size in a 135×43 mm field. The electron aperture transmittance of a 44-nm-thick DLC membrane, measured by energy and angular distribution analysis for membrane, was 13 times as high as the 150-nm-thick SiNx membrane.
Sub- and supercritical continuous hydrothermal technology for advanced nanostructured clay minerals (2017)

Invited talk
Should SAR Guidelines Include Variability? (2021)

Variations in 1-g and 10-g specific absorption rate (SAR) values due to variation in tissue dielectric properties are determined. To accomplish this goal, stochastic finite difference time domain (S-FDTD) and Monte Carlo methods are compared. A 3D head model with variable dielectric properties is exposed to a half wave dipole antenna at 835 and 1900 MHz. The results show that these variations can significantly affect the peak 1-g and 10-g SAR values and should be considered in SAR guidelines for cell phone assessment.
Glow-to-arc transitions in gas discharge lamps (1988)

The Waymouth model, which describes the glow-to-thermionic arc transition in qualitative terms, has been extended. To get a quantitative description of the glow-to-arc transition phenomena in metal halide lamps (with their emitterless electrodes) it is essential to include in the model a current dependent glow voltage. When this is done, the model calculations of the glow time and ignition time are found to agree well with experimental results. The influences of a number of lamp parameters on glow time and ignition time have been investigated in the light of this improved model.
Embedded UV Sensors in CMOS SOI Technology (2022)

We report on ultraviolet (UV) sensors employing high voltage PIN lateral photodiode strings integrated into the production RF SOI (silicon on isolator) CMOS platform. The sensors were optimized for applications that require measurements of short wavelength ultraviolet (UVC) radiation under strong visible and near-infrared lights, such as UV used for sterilization purposes, e.g., COVID-19 disinfection. Responsivity above 0.1 A/W in the UVC range was achieved, and improved blindness to visible and infrared (IR) light demonstrated by implementing back-end dielectric layers transparent to the UV, in combination with differential sensing circuits with polysilicon UV filters. Degradation of the developed sensors under short wavelength UV was investigated and design and operation regimes allowing decreased degradation were discussed. Compared with other embedded solutions, the current design is implemented in a mass-production CMOS SOI technology, without additional masks, and has high sensitivity in UVC.
New Investigations in Silanediyl Complex Chemistry:  Synthesis, Structure, and Bonding of 1-Metalla-2-sila-1,3-dienes (1998)

The synthesis and chemical behavior of the intra- and intermolecular donor-stabilized silanediyl complexes (C6H4CH2NMe2-2)(Cl)SiMLn (4, MLn = Cr(CO)5 5, MLn = Fe(CO)4), (C6H5HCCH)(Cl)Si=MLn·OP(NMe2)3 (21, MLn = Cr(CO)5; 22, MLn = Fe(CO)4), and (C6H5HCCH)(C6H5)SiFe(CO)4·OP(NMe2)3 (23) is discussed. Nucleophilic substitution of the chloro atom in compounds 4 and 5 by different nucleophiles leads to a great variety of further functionalized silanediyl complexes of the type (C6H4CH2NMe2-2)(R)SiMLn (MLn = Cr(CO)5: 7, R = CH3; 9, R = C6H5; 11, R = P(C6H5)2; 13, R = CHCH2. MLn = Fe(CO)4: 14, R = CHCH2; 15, R = CH3). Moreover, the 1-metalla-2-sila-1,3-dienes (C6H4CH2NMe2-2)(H2CCH)Si=MLn (13, MLn = Cr(CO)5; 14, MLn = Fe(CO)4) can be prepared by treatment of the hypervalent dichlorosilane (C6H4CH2NMe2-2)(H2CCH)SiCl2 (19) with the carbonylate dianions MLn2- (2, MLn = Cr(CO)5; 3, MLn = Fe(CO)4). Additionally, compounds of the latter type are accessible by photochemical coupling reactions of the pentavalent silane (C6H4CH2NMe2-2)(CH3)SiH2 (16) with the transition-metal carbonyls Cr(CO)6 (17a), Fe(CO)5 (17b), and (η5-C5H5)Mn(CO)3 (17c), respectively. The intermolecular donor-stabilized 1-metalla-2-sila-1,3-dienes 21−23 can be prepared by the reaction of tetravalent dichlorosilanes [(R)(H)CCH](R‘)SiCl2 (20a, R = H, R‘ = Cl; 20b, R = R‘ = C6H5) with the carbonylmetalates 2 and 3 and in the presence of OP(NMe2)3.
Pembrolizumab with low-dose carboplatin for recurrent platinum-resistant ovarian, fallopian tube, and primary peritoneal cancer: survival and immune correlates (2021)

NCT03029598.
Opening up the Quantum Three-Box Problem with Undetectable Measurements (2012)

One of the most striking features of quantum mechanics is the profound effect exerted by measurements alone. Sophisticated quantum control is now available in several experimental systems, exposing discrepancies between quantum and classical mechanics whenever measurement induces disturbance of the interrogated system. In practice, such discrepancies may frequently be explained as the back-action required by quantum mechanics adding quantum noise to a classical signal. Here we implement the 'three-box' quantum game of Aharonov and Vaidman in which quantum measurements add no detectable noise to a classical signal, by utilising state-of-the-art control and measurement of the nitrogen vacancy centre in diamond. Quantum and classical mechanics then make contradictory predictions for the same experimental procedure, however classical observers cannot invoke measurement-induced disturbance to explain this discrepancy. We quantify the residual disturbance of our measurements and obtain data that rule out any classical model by &gt; 7.8 standard deviations, allowing us for the first time to exclude the property of macroscopic state-definiteness from our system. Our experiment is then equivalent to a Kochen-Spekker test of quantum non-contextuality that successfully addresses the measurement detectability loophole.
<title>Graded-effective-index waveguiding structures fabricated with laser processing</title> (1990)

The technique of laser direct-writing was used to fabricate low-loss, rib-like waveguides on GaAs/A1GaAs material. Since this is a inaskless fabrication process, laser-etched structures such as bends, tapers, and Y-branches are readily demonstrated. The ability to smoothly control the etch depth, and thus the effective index of refraction across the wafer, was used to make a compact directional coupler. Finally, the reduction of losses in waveguide tapers and bends by grading the effective index will be discussed.
Multiscale Strategy for Predicting Radiation Chemistry in Polymers (2022)

A primary mode for radiation damage in polymers arises from ballistic electrons that induce electronic excitations, yet subsequent chemical mechanisms are poorly understood. We develop a multiscale strategy to predict this chemistry starting from subatomic scattering calculations. Nonadiabatic molecular dynamics simulations sample initial bond-breaking events following the most likely excitations, which feed into semiempirical simulations that approach chemical equilibrium. Application to polyethylene reveals a mechanism explaining the low propensity to cross-link in crystalline samples.
Effect of dietary modification by calorie restriction on cholesterol levels in lipoprotein(a) and other lipoprotein classes (2016)

Background Dietary habits are associated with obesity which is a risk factor for coronary heart disease. The objective is to estimate the change of lipoprotein(a) and other lipoprotein classes by calorie restriction with obesity index and Framingham risk score. Methods Sixty females (56 ± 9 years) were recruited. Their caloric intakes were reduced during the six-month period, and the calorie from fat was not more than 30%. Lipoprotein profiles were estimated at baseline and after the six-month period of calorie restriction. Cholesterol levels in six lipoprotein classes (HDL, LDL, IDL, VLDL, chylomicron and lipoprotein(a)) were analysed by anion-exchange liquid chromatography. The other tests were analysed by general methods. Additionally, Framingham risk score for predicting 10-year coronary heart disease risk was calculated. Results Body mass index, waist circumference, insulin resistance, Framingham risk score, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and IDL-cholesterol were significantly decreased by the calorie restriction, and the protein and cholesterol levels of lipoprotein(a) were significantly increased. The change of body mass index was significantly correlated with those of TC, VLDL-cholesterol and chylomicron-cholesterol, and that of waist circumference was significantly correlated with that of chylomicron-cholesterol. The change of Framingham risk score was significantly correlated with the change of IDL-C. Conclusion Obesity indexes and Framingham risk score were reduced by the dietary modification. Lipoprotein profile was improved with the reduction of obesity indexes, but lipoprotein(a) was increased. The changes of obesity indexes and Framingham risk score were related with those of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, e.g. IDL, VLDL and CM.
Photoetched clad with embedded heatpipes for mobile electronics (2016)

Aluminum-cored clads offer attractive properties for constructing thin, lightweight cases and other thermal management structures for mobile electronics. Additional possibilities open up when the clad is modified by a two-step photoetching process. The focus of this paper is a free-convection cooled structure with small heat-pipes embedded within channels etched into a 0.6 mm thick stainless-steel clad aluminum plate. We performed experiments and simulations for both this novel embedded heat-pipe structure and conventional spreader-plate designs. We applied a Percent of Envelope Power (PEP) steady-state heat-transfer metric to compare their performance, and found that this and other similar metrics may be equivalent when average temperatures can be accurately determined. Our results demonstrate that photoetched clads with embedded heatpipes and engineered air gaps have the potential to significantly enhance mobile electronic device cooling and allow higher point-load power inputs without increasing product thickness or the maximum surface temperature to which users are exposed.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Therapeutic and Prophylactic Antitumor Activity of an Oral Inhibitor of Fucosylation in Spontaneous Mammary Cancers (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Representative flow cytometry panels are shown for a single CD4 (A, B), CD8 (C, D), NK (E, F), Untreated (G) or CD22 (H) treated animal before treatments began (A, C, E, G) or after treatment with respective antibodies (B, D, F, H).&lt;/p&gt;
Monte Carlo description of A f homopolymerization: Diffusional effects (1991)

We have developed a new algorithm that simulates the structure buildup process during homopolymerization of Af monomers. The algorithm is an off lattice percolation solution on a cube with periodic boundary conditions. All monomers are treated as point particles. After choosing any two nodes at random, the probability of their reaction is computed and compared with a random number. We present results where the probability rule is a step function over the interunitary distance between the chosen pair. We reason that this simulates, in a simplistic but effective fashion, the importance of diffusion vs reaction times in the problem. Thus, the case where units react in immediate neighborhoods corresponds to a diffusion limited growth and where they react with equal probability with all other units to the mean field or kinetic limited growth. We present results for five step reactive potentials with careful analysis of finite size effects. We find that the gel conversion is delayed as a consequence of diffusion limitations. We find that cyclization is only partially responsible for this effect. We also find that small mobilities, such as might be available from rotational and translational degrees of freedom, give results realistically close to the mean-field results, thus explaining the experimental success of the mean-field theory. We find that the (effective) scaling exponent γ depends on the reactive radius and thus on diffusion. It is not entirely clear to us if this suggests nonuniversal behavior or is simply a crossover problem. We conclude that the dependence of the critical exponent on diffusion over a wide range of conversions suggests that some of the ‘‘nonuniversal’’ experimental observations might be due to diffusional effects.
Motionless-head Parallel Readout Optical Disk Prototype System (1993)

The design, analysis and experimental demonstration of the motionless-head parallel readout optical disk system are presented. The system is designed to read 1-D data blocks distributed radially on the disk’s active surface and generate 2-D output binary images. It has the unique advantage that no mechanical motion of the head is required for fast access, focusing or tracking. This allows a data rate of up to 1 Gbyte/sec for standard disk rotation speeds of 2400 rpm.
Exploring the Influence of the Aromaticity on the Anticancer and Antivascular Activities of Organoplatinum(II) Complexes (2017)

A series of new organometallic Pt<sup>II</sup> complexes of the type [Pt(C^N)Cl(DMSO)] (C^N=N,N-dimethyl-1-(2-aryl)methanamine-κ<sup>2</sup> C2,N; aryl=phenyl 2 a, biphenyl 2 b, p-terphenyl 2 c, naphthyl 2 d, anthracenyl 2 e, or pyrenyl 2 f) have been synthesized to explore the influence of the aromaticity on their anticancer activity. The best performers, 2 b and d, are more active than cisplatin (CDDP) in epithelial ovarian carcinoma cells A2780, with 2 d having a higher selectivity factor than CDDP in all the tested cell lines. In addition, all the new compounds overcome the acquired resistance in A2780cisR cells and interestingly, show low micromolar IC<sub>50</sub> values towards the triple negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 and the highly metastatic 518A2 melanoma cells. This study shows that the hydrophobicity, accumulation into cells, and metal levels on nuclear DNA for the complexes are consistent with their cytotoxicity. Complexes 2 b and d induce apoptosis in a caspase-independent manner and suppress the intracellular ROS generation without modifying the mitochondria membrane potential. In addition, 2 a-f effectively inhibit angiogenesis in the endothelial cell line EA.hy926 at sub-cytotoxic concentrations and 2 b and d show in vivo antivascular effects on the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of fertilized SPF-eggs (SPF=specific-pathogen-free). Inhibition of tubulin polymerization and degeneration of cytoskeleton organization in 518A2 melanoma cells are presented as a preliminary mechanism of its antimetastatic activity.
Linkage of a locus for carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome type I (CDG1) to chromosome 16p, and linkage disequilibrium to microsatellite marker D16S406. (1994)

Carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome type I is a multisystem disease with early severe nervous system involvement. The disease, which is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait, is biochemically characterized by complex defects in the terminal carbohydrate residues of a number of serum glycoproteins. This can be most readily detected in transferrin. A whole genome scan was initiated in order to localize the gene (CDG1) with linkage techniques. We analyzed individuals from 25 CDG1 pedigrees with several highly polymorphic microsatellite markers and after exclusion of about 30% of the genome linkage was detected with markers located in chromosome region 16p. The lod score (Zmax) was above 8 (theta max = 0.00) for several markers in this region. In order to further localize the CDG1 gene, recombination and linkage disequilibrium analyses were performed. Recombination events in some pedigrees indicated that the CDG1 gene is located in a 13 cM interval between microsatellite markers D16S406 and D16S500. Furthermore, allelic association was shown for marker D16S406 indicating that the CDG1 gene is located close to this. No heterogeneity could be detected in the European family material tested by us. The positions of cytogenetically localized flanking markers suggest that the location of the CDG1 gene is in chromosome region 16p13.3-p13.12.
Waveguide optical tweezers for selective cell lysis (2017)

Waveguide evanescent fields enable lysing of selected red blood cells. Cells are trapped on waveguides and are lysed by rapidly reducing the trapping forces. Red blood cells of different age require different levels of lysing power, allowing selective lysing of crenate cells.
Spectral Density Bandwidth Choice: Source of Nonmonotonic Power for Tests of a Mean Shift in a Time Series (2001)

Data dependent bandwidth choices for zero frequency spectral density estimators of a time series are shown to be an important source of nonmonotonic power when testing for a shift in mean. It is shown that if the spectral density is estimated under the null hypothesis of a stable mean using a data dependent bandwidth (with or without prewhitening), non-monotonic power appears naturally for some popular tests including the CUSUM test. On the other hand, under some fixed bandwidth choices, power is monotonic. Empirical examples and simulations illustrate these power properties. Theoretical explanations for the power results are provided.