gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exploring Alternative Octane Specification Methods for Improved Gasoline Knock Resistance in Spark-Ignition Engines (2018)

Different octane specification methods were evaluated under rising ethanol blending volumes by adopting a refinery economics model to represent a region in the U.S.. It was demonstrated that the traditional octane specification methods, such as the Anti-knock Index (AKI) used in the U.S., or the Research Octane Number (RON) and Motor Octane Number (MON) used in the EU, can lead to counterintuitive drop in octane sensitivity with increased availability of ethanol. This is undesirable for modern gasoline engines that require fuels with high RON and low MON, but it is a consequence of how a refinery reformulates the gasoline blendstock, resulting in more naphtha being used in the final composition. The use of a new specification method based on octane index (OI), with engine constant K = -1, internalizes the diminishing role that MON plays in modern engines, thus ensures that the desirable anti-knock quality is being met either through higher RON and/or higher sensitivity. Initial assessment suggests a potential engine efficiency benefit (~ 1.5%) to be gained simply by switching from an AKI-based specification method to an equivalent OI-based method.
Reduction of Contrast Material Dose and Artifacts by a Saline Flush Using a Double Power Injector in Helical CT of the Thorax (2000)

Injection of contrast material followed by a saline solution bolus using a double power injector when performing thoracic helical CT allows a 20% reduction of contrast material volume to 60 ml with a similar degree of enhancement. In addition, perivenous artifacts in the superior vena cava are significantly reduced.
Irreversible inhibition of BTK kinase by a novel highly selective inhibitor CHMFL-BTK-11 suppresses inflammatory response in rheumatoid arthritis model (2017)

BTK plays a critical role in the B cell receptor mediated inflammatory signaling in the rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Through a rational design approach we discovered a highly selective and potent BTK kinase inhibitor (CHMFL-BTK-11) which exerted its inhibitory efficacy through a covalent bond with BTK Cys481. CHMFL-BTK-11 potently blocked the anti-IgM stimulated BCR signaling in the Ramos cell lines and isolated human primary B cells. It significantly inhibited the LPS stimulated TNF-α production in the human PBMC cells but only weakly affecting the normal PBMC cell proliferation. In the adjuvant-induced arthritis rat model, CHMFL-BTK-11 ameliorated the inflammatory response through blockage of proliferation of activated B cells, inhibition of the secretion of the inflammatory factors such as IgG1, IgG2, IgM, IL-6 and PMΦ phagocytosis, stimulation of secretion of IL-10. The high specificity of CHMFL-BTK-11 makes it a useful pharmacological tool to further detect BTK mediated signaling in the pathology of RA.
Guest Editorial Special Section on IEEE EMBS Conference on Micro and Nanotechnology in Medicine (2019)

The 4th IEEE EMBS Conference on Micro and Nanotechnology in Medicine was held in Kauai, Hawaii, on December 10–14, 2018. This meeting gathered together 200 scientists, engineers, entrepreneurs, and medical researchers to leverage our collective expertise towards developing improved biomedical solutions. This biennial conference combines single-track oral sessions, an emphasis on sharing new approaches and data, extended free time in an intimate venue, and a group of extremely talented and enthusiastic individuals, creating a tremendously dynamic and creative experience.
Recent developments and applications of electron microscopy to heterogeneous catalysis (2012)

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) are popular and powerful techniques used to characterize heterogeneous catalysts. Rapid developments in electron microscopy--especially aberration correctors and in situ methods--permit remarkable capabilities for visualizing both morphologies and atomic and electronic structures. The purpose of this review is to summarize the significant developments and achievements in this field with particular emphasis on the characterization of catalysts. We also highlight the potential and limitations of the various methods, describe the need for synergistic and complementary tools when characterizing heterogeneous catalysts, and conclude with an outlook that also envisions future needs in the field.
Meso-/micro-optical system interface coupling solutions. (2005)

Optoelectronic microsystems are more and more prevalent as researchers seek to increase transmission bandwidths, implement electrical isolation, enhance security, or take advantage of sensitive optical sensing methods. Board level photonic integration techniques continue to improve, but photonic microsystems and fiber interfaces remain problematic, especially upon size reduction. Optical fiber is unmatched as a transmission medium for distances ranging from tens of centimeters to kilometers. The difficulty with using optical fiber is the small size of the core (approximately 9 {micro}m for the core of single mode telecommunications fiber) and the tight requirement on spot size and input numerical aperture (NA). Coupling to devices such as vertical cavity emitting lasers (VCSELs) and photodetectors presents further difficulties since these elements work in a plane orthogonal to the electronics board and typically require additional optics. This leads to the need for a packaging solution that can incorporate dissimilar materials while maintaining the tight alignment tolerances required by the optics. Over the course of this LDRD project, we have examined the capabilities of components such as VCSELs and photodetectors for high-speed operation and investigated the alignment tolerances required by the optical system. A solder reflow process has been developed to help fulfill these packaging requirements and the results of that work are presented here.
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, a new soluble biomarker for malignant pleural mesothelioma involved in angiogenesis (2018)

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare and aggressive cancer related to asbestos exposure. The discovery of soluble biomarkers with diagnostic/prognostic and/or therapeutic properties would improve therapeutic care of MPM patients. Currently, soluble biomarkers described present weaknesses preventing their use in clinic. This study aimed at evaluating brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), we previously identified using transcriptomic approach, in MPM. We observed that high BDNF expression, at the mRNA level in tumors or at the protein level in pleural effusions (PE), was a specific hallmark of MPM samples. This protein presented significant but limited diagnostic properties (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.6972, p < 0.0001). Interestingly, high BDNF gene expression and PE concentration were predictive of shorter MPM patient survival (13.0 vs 8.3 months, p < 0.0001, in PE). Finally, BDNF did not affect MPM cell oncogenic properties but was implicated in PE-induced angiogenesis. In conclusion, BDNF appears to be a new interesting biomarker for MPM and could also be a new therapeutic target regarding its implication in angiogenesis.
Novel Schiff bases derived from 5-aminobarbituric acid: synthesis and solid state structure (2006)

Synthesis and characterization of novel Schiff bases with multiple binding sites for supramolecular assemblies are presented. For this purpose 1,3-dimethyl-and 1-butyl-5aminobarbituric acid (1a, 1b) are condensed with para-nitro-and para-N,N-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde, respectively. Solid state structures of 5-[(1E,2E)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-and 5-[(1E,2E)-3-{4-(dimethylamino)phenyl}prop-2-enyliden]-prop-2-enyliden] aminobarbituric acid derivatives (2a, 2b, 3a, 3b) have been investigated by means of solid state 13 C{ 1 H} NMR-and FTIR-spectroscopy. Analyses of the spectra information suggest that in the solid state the Schiff bases exist only in the enol form.
PD time‐sequential properties of SF6 and SF6 gas mixture including CO2 (2005)

Abstract This paper deals with partial discharge (PD) time‐sequential properties of SF 6 /N 2 /CO 2 ternary gas mixture as well as SF 6 and SF 6 /N 2 gas mixture under AC and positive DC voltage applications. The measurements were carried out by changing the gas pressure up to 0.6 MPa and applied voltage with the N ‐shape characteristics of breakdown voltage versus gas pressure for each tested gas considered. We obtained experimental results of the gas pressure dependence of maximum peak value of PD current pulse as well as the relationship between the time interval of PD pulses and the peak value of PD pulse. We discuss the mechanism of increase in breakdown voltage by adding CO 2 into SF 6 /N 2 gas mixtures in terms of change of PD type from streamer to leader discharge. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 151(3): 32–40, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20073
Choline Transporter 1 Maintains Cholinergic Function in Choline Acetyltransferase Haploinsufficiency (2004)

Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), the enzyme that synthesizes the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh), is thought to be present in kinetic excess in cholinergic neurons. The rate-limiting factor in ACh production is the provision of choline to ChAT. Cholinergic neurons are relatively unique in their expression of the choline transporter 1 (CHT1), which exhibits high-affinity for choline and catalyzes its uptake from the extracellular space to the neuron. Multiple lines of evidence indicate that the activity of CHT1 is a key determinant of choline supply for ACh synthesis. We examined the interaction of ChAT and ChT activity using mice heterozygous for a null mutation in the Chat gene (Chat+/-). In these mice, brain ChAT activity was reduced by 40-50% relative to the wild type, but brain ACh levels as well as ACh content and depolarization-evoked ACh release in hippocampal slices were normal. However, the amount of choline taken up by CHT1 and ACh synthesized de novo from choline transported by CHT1 in hippocampal slices, as well as levels of CHT1 mRNA in the septum and CHT1 protein in several regions of the CNS, were 50-100% higher in Chat+/- than in Chat+/+ mice. Thus, haploinsufficiency of ChAT leads to an increased expression of CHT1. Increased ChT activity may compensate for the reduced ChAT activity in Chat+/- mice, contributing to the maintenance of apparently normal cholinergic function as reflected by normal performance of these mice in several behavioral assays.
Kinetic isotope effects for fast deuterium and proton exchange rates (2016)

By monitoring the effect of deuterium decoupling on the decay of transverse (15)N magnetization in D-(15)N spin pairs during multiple-refocusing echo sequences, we have determined fast D-D exchange rates kD and compared them with fast H-H exchange rates kH in tryptophan to determine the kinetic isotope effect as a function of pH and temperature.
A ‘smarter’ way of diagnosing the at risk foot: Development of a novel tool based on vibratory measurements in subjects with diabetes (2018)

Aim: To identify optimal vibration perception thresholds (VPT) to help design a ‘smart’ risk assessment tool in subjects with diabetes. Methods: We used our clinical database (Diabeta3) to identify baseline VPT in subjects in whom there is at least a 10 Volt (V) rise in VPT (hallux pulp) using a Neurothesiometer over time. The gradient chosen is based on previous work. The data helped us model the vibratory frequencies of a plate device (Vibrascan), which produces a more objective risk assessment than VPT. We used a longitudinal multilevel model to analyse the data. Results: In 929 subjects with diabetes showing a 10 V deterioration and who had a total of 8874 measurements, VPT increased from 13.8±8.4 V at first visit to 22.8±13.2 V (p&lt;0.001) at final visit. In subjects (N=3920, 29995 measurements) who showed a smaller deterioration (&lt;10 V), VPT increased from 13.7±10.7V to 14.6±11.3 V (p&lt;0.01). Duration of diabetes, microalbuminuria and LDL cholesterol are positive significant correlates with increasing VPT. Conclusion: Based on these data we used the Neurothesiometer equivalent of 10V increments to help us develop Vibrascan as a modern and easy to use foot screening tool. The positive cardiovascular correlates strengthen the role of developing a vibratory screening tool utilising these data. The details of the device itself and its novelty in screening of subjects will be discussed in detail.
Synthesis, Crystal and Local Electronic Structures, and Photoluminescence Properties of Red‐Emitting CaAl z SiN 2+ z :Eu 2+ with Orthorhombic Structure (2009)

Orthorhombic Ca 1− x Eu x Al z SiN 2+ z polycrystalline powders have been synthesized by a solid‐state reaction at high temperature in a nitrogen atmosphere. The smaller lattice parameters compared with the single crystal and charge distribution analysis indicate that impure oxygen might be incorporated into the lattice. Ca 1− x Eu x Al z SiN 2+ z shows red emission at about 630 nm due to the transition of 4 f 6 5 d 1 →4 f 7 when excited within 375–450 nm. With an increase in the Eu 2+ concentration and z , the quantum efficiency of Ca 1− x Eu x Al z SiN 2+ z was significantly decreased due to concentration quenching and high photoionization. First‐principle molecular orbital calculations suggest that the overall luminescence of Eu 2+ may be mainly originated from the small Eu(1) center. CaSiN 2 :Eu 2+ is a potential red conversion phosphor for white LED applications.
GPR108, an NF-κB activator suppressed by TIRAP, negatively regulates TLR-triggered immune responses (2018)

Higher vertebrates have evolved innate and adaptive immune systems to defend against foreign substances and pathogens. Sophisticated regulatory circuits are needed to avoid inappropriate immune responses and inflammation. GPR108 is a seven-transmembrane family protein that activates NF-κB strongly when overexpressed. Surprisingly, its action in a physiological context is that of an antagonist of Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated signaling. Cells from Gpr108-null mice exhibit enhanced cytokine secretion and NF-κB and IRF3 signaling, whereas Gpr108-null macrophages reconstituted with GPR108 exhibit blunted signaling. Co-expression of TLRs and GPR108 reduces NF-κB and IFNβ promoter activation compared to expression of either TLRs or GPR108 alone. Upon TLR stimulation GPR108 abundance increases and the protein engages TLRs and their partners to reduce MyD88 expression and interfere with its binding to TLR4 through blocking MyD88 ubiquitination. In turn GPR108 is antagonized by TIRAP, an adaptor protein for TLR and MyD88. The interrelationships between GPR108 and innate immune signaling components are multifactorial and point to a membrane-associated signaling structure of significant complexity.
Pre-training Recommender Systems via Reinforced Attentive Multi-relational Graph Neural Network (2021)

Recently, Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have proven their effectiveness for recommender systems. Existing studies have applied GNNs to capture collaborative relations in the data. However, in real-world scenarios, the relations in a recommendation graph can be of various kinds. For example, two movies may be associated either by the same genre or by the same director/actor. If we use a single graph to elaborate all these relations, the graph can be too complex to process. To address this issue, we bring the idea of pre-training to process the complex graph step by step. Based on the idea of divide-and-conquer, we separate the large graph into three sub-graphs: user graph, item graph, and user-item interaction graph. Then the user and item embeddings are pre-trained from user and item graphs, respectively. To conduct pre-training, we construct the multi-relational user graph and item graph, respectively, based on their attributes. In this paper, we propose a novel Reinforced Attentive Multi-relational Graph Neural Network (RAM-GNN) to the pre-train user and item embeddings on the user and item graph prior to the recommendation step. Specifically, we design a relation-level attention layer to learn the importance of different relations. Next, a Reinforced Neighbor Sampler (RNS) is applied to search the optimal filtering threshold for sampling top-k similar neighbors in the graph, which avoids the over-smoothing issue. We initialize the recommendation model with the pre-trained user/item embeddings. Finally, an aggregation-based GNN model is utilized to learn from the collaborative relations in the user-item interaction graph and provide recommendations. Our experiments demonstrate that RAM-GNN outperforms other state-of-the-art graph-based recommendation models and multi-relational graph neural networks.
Participative design of human-machine interfaces for process control systems (1993)

No abstract available.
Sex dependence and temporal dependence of the left ventricular genomic response to pressure overload (2003)

To characterize responses of the left ventricle (LV) to pressure overload at the genomic level, we performed high-density microarray analysis on individual mouse LVs. Male and female mice underwent transverse aortic constriction. At 1 day and 30 wk, the LV free wall was harvested and RNA isolated from 27 individual ventricles was analyzed on Mu74Av2 GeneChips, which contain approximately 12,483 distinct genes. Interestingly, a greater number of genes was regulated in response to acute overload than in response to chronic overload. Hierarchical cluster analysis revealed the presence of several distinct expression profiles. Of these clusters, the majority contained genes that were regulated either in response to acute overload or both acute and chronic overload. In addition, clusters revealing sex-specific responses to overload were detected. In summary, the acute and chronic genomic responses to pressure overload are distinct. Moreover, sex modifies these responses. Furthermore, these studies have uncovered several novel and potentially important genes that are regulated in response to overload and may open unrecognized avenues for further functional analysis.
Combined Computational and Experimental Study of Substituent Effects on the Thermodynamics of H2, CO, Arene, and Alkane Addition to Iridium (2002)

The thermodynamics of small-molecule (H(2), arene, alkane, and CO) addition to pincer-ligated iridium complexes of several different configurations (three-coordinate d(8), four-coordinate d(8), and five-coordinate d(6)) have been investigated by computational and experimental means. The substituent para to the iridium (Y) has been varied in complexes containing the (Y-PCP)Ir unit (Y-PCP = eta(3)-1,3,5-C(6)H(2)[CH(2)PR(2)](2)Y; R = methyl for computations; R = tert-butyl for experiments); substituent effects have been studied for the addition of H(2), C-H, and CO to the complexes (Y-PCP)Ir, (Y-PCP)Ir(CO), and (Y-PCP)Ir(H)(2). Para substituents on arenes undergoing C-H bond addition to (PCP)Ir or to (PCP)Ir(CO) have also been varied computationally and experimentally. In general, increasing electron donation by the substituent Y in the 16-electron complexes, (Y-PCP)Ir(CO) or (Y-PCP)Ir(H)(2), disfavors addition of H-H or C-H bonds, in contradiction to the idea of such additions being oxidative. Addition of CO to the same 16-electron complexes is also disfavored by increased electron donation from Y. By contrast, addition of H-H and C-H bonds or CO to the three-coordinate parent species (Y-PCP)Ir is favored by increased electron donation. In general, the effects of varying Y are markedly similar for H(2), C-H, and CO addition. The trends can be fully rationalized in terms of simple molecular orbital interactions but not in terms of concepts related to oxidation, such as charge-transfer or electronegativity differences.
Comprehensive molecular profiling of lung adenocarcinoma: The cancer genome atlas research network (2020)

Adenocarcinoma of the lung is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Here we report molecular profiling of 230 resected lung adenocarcinomas using messenger RNA, microRNA and DNA sequencing integrated with copy number, methylation and proteomic analyses. High rates of somatic mutation were seen (mean 8.9 mutations per megabase). Eighteen genes were statistically significantly mutated, including RIT1 activating mutations and newly described loss-of-function MGA mutations which are mutually exclusive with focal MYC amplification. EGFR mutations were more frequent in female patients, whereas mutations in RBM10 were more common in males. Aberrations in NF1, MET, ERBB2 and RIT1 occurred in 13% of cases and were enriched in samples otherwise lacking an activated oncogene, suggesting a driver role for these events in certain tumours. DNA and mRNA sequence from the same tumour highlighted splicing alterations driven by somatic genomic changes, including exon 14 skipping in MET mRNA in 4% of cases. MAPK and PI(3)K pathway activity, when measured at the protein level, was explained by known mutations in only a fraction of cases, suggesting additional, unexplained mechanisms of pathway activation. These data establish a foundation for classification and further investigations of lung adenocarcinoma molecular pathogenesis.
Analysis Of The Convergence Behavior Of Adaptive Distributed-arithmetic Echo Cancellers (2005)

Adaptive distributed-arithmetic echo cancellers are well suited for full-duplex high-speed data transmission. They allow a simpler implementation than adaptive linear transversal filters, since multiplications are replaced by table look-up and shift-and-add operations. Various tradeoffs between the number of operations and the number of memory locations of the look-up tables can be achieved by segmenting the echo canceller delay line into sections of shorter length. Adaptivity is achieved by a decision-directed stochastic gradient algorithm to adjust the contents of the look-up tables. The author adopts the mean-square error criterion to investigate the convergence behavior of adaptive distributed-arithmetic echo cancellers. Under the assumption that the look-up values are statistically independent of the symbols stored in the echo canceller delay line, he obtains an analytical expression for the mean-square error as a function of time. The maximum speed of convergence and the corresponding optimum adaptation gain are also determined. Simulation results for a full-duplex quaternary partial response class-IV system are presented and compared with theoretical results. >
Balanced-Balanced Tunable Filtering LNA using Evanescent-Mode Resonators (2019)

Multifunctional RF components are of great benefit to wireless systems, as they can reduce size and power consumption. A fully balanced Low-Noise Amplifier (LNA), with embedded tunable filtering functionality, using a single transistor, is presented in this paper. The design concept is based on evanescent-mode cavity resonators at the input and the output. The resonators provide filtering, in addition to balanced (BAL) external coupling and a Single-Ended (SE) internal coupling with the core LNA. The internal coupling provides the minimum noise matching to the transistor. A proof-of-concept design is fabricated using a PCB process. The measured results demonstrate a tuning range from 2.8–4 GHz with a noise figure ranging from 3.4–4.6 dB, a balanced gain of 16.7–14.2 dB, and a CMRR of better than 55 dB. The presented BAL-BAL LNA can seamlessly interface with fully balanced RF systems.