gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Directionality of terahertz radiation emitted from an array of femtosecond filaments in gases (2014)

An array of filaments in air is numerically shown to be an efficient tool to direct the energy of terahertz (THz) radiation into a narrow and controllable cone. By increasing the number of filaments in an N × N array, the THz energy growth per unit angle of the cone exceeds the classical gain in N2. The backwardly directed radiation from the filament array appears when the transverse size of the array reaches the filament length. The optimum spacing between the filaments in the array is the THz wavelength, which ensures constructive interference and independent development of filaments.
EVALUATION OF INTERBODY FUSION TWO YEARS AFTER LLIF PROCEDURE (2020)

ABSTRACT Objectives The LLIF technique, extreme lateral interbody fusion, reaches the disc laterally through the psoas muscle, offering adequate access to the disc space with the added benefit of preventing iatrogenic injury to abdominal vascular structures (aorta and vena cava), the sympathetic plexus (reduces incidence of retrograde ejaculation) and neural structures, that is, preservation of the spinal nerves that cross the posterior aspect of the muscle. The objective of this study is to verify the rates of interbody fusion with the LLIF technique. Methods Retrospective, single center, comparative, non-randomized study. The presence of bone mass with increased hypotransparency in the areas of fusion will be analyzed. For the evaluation of the fusion, the Classification of interbody fusion success: Brantigan, Steffee, Fraser (BSF) will be used. Results Fifty-nine (86%) patients presented complete fusion of the approached level (BSF-3) six months after the procedure. One year after the procedure, 87% of the patients had complete fusion. Similar results were confirmed at two years. Conclusions We conclude that the technique of lateral interbody arthrodesis is safe and effective for the treatment of low back pain, with a fusion rate of 90% in two years. Level of Evidence III. Retrospective study, single center, non-randomized.
Component-based verification of operating systems (2018)

The paper presents recent results on the way towards accurate and complete verification of industrial operating systems (OS). We consider here OSes, either of general purpose or actively used in some industrial domain, elaborated and maintained for a significant time, and not touching research-related OSes usually developed as a proof-of-concept. In spite of the fact that the stated goal of accurate and complete verification of industrial OS is still unreachable, we consider its decomposition into tasks of verification of various functional OS components and various their properties. The paper shows that many of these tasks can be solved with the help of various modern verification techniques and their combinations. Proposed methods can be lately integrated into an approach to the final goal. The paper summarizes the experience of various OS component and features verification from the projects conducted in ISP RAS in the last years.
Optimal blending management of biomass resources used for biochemical conversion (2018)

Abstract This research develops an optimization model to describe the tradeoff among blend components in the least‐cost biomass blend, based on resource availability, quality requirements, and logistics cost for a biochemical conversion. A mixed‐integer linear programming model is developed to determine the least‐cost blend from a set of candidate feedstocks. A case study – based on a biorefinery located in western Kansas that uses three‐pass corn stover, two‐pass corn stover, switchgrass, miscanthus, and municipal solid waste fractions to meet biochemical conversion specifications and feedstock demand – shows that the delivered cost of an optimal blend that meets carbohydrate and ash specifications is 12.12% higher than the delivered cost of optimal blend that meets a carbohydrate specification only. The results indicate that a least‐cost blend that meets both carbohydrate and ash specifications consists of miscanthus (48.2%) and switchgrass (29.4%) whereas the least‐cost blend meeting carbohydrate specification only comprises three‐pass corn stover (55.4%) and two‐pass corn stover (20.4%). An optimal blend uses a low‐cost municipal solid waste fraction in all cases, implying that blending could be a potential strategy to reduce delivered feedstock cost. Published 2018. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining published by Society of Industrial Chemistry and John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd.
Index construction (2008)

Class-tested and coherent, this textbook teaches classical and web information retrieval, including web search and the related areas of text classification and text clustering from basic concepts. It gives an up-to-date treatment of all aspects of the design and implementation of systems for gathering, indexing, and searching documents; methods for evaluating systems; and an introduction to the use of machine learning methods on text collections. All the important ideas are explained using examples and figures, making it perfect for introductory courses in information retrieval for advanced undergraduates and graduate students in computer science. Based on feedback from extensive classroom experience, the book has been carefully structured in order to make teaching more natural and effective. Slides and additional exercises (with solutions for lecturers) are also available through the book's supporting website to help course instructors prepare their lectures.
Deciphering the Role of Mucosal Immune Responses and the Cervicovaginal Microbiome in Resistance to HIV Infection in HIV-Exposed Seronegative (HESN) Women (2021)

The female genital tract (FGT) is an important site of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Discerning the nature of HIV-specific local immune responses is crucial for identifying correlates of protection in HIV-exposed seronegative (HESN) individuals. The present study involved a comprehensive analysis of soluble immune mediators, secretory immunoglobulins (sIg), natural killer (NK) cells, CXCR5<sup>+</sup> CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells, T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, and T regulatory cells (Tregs) in the vaginal mucosa as well as the nature and composition of the cervicovaginal microbiome in HESN women. We found significantly elevated antiviral cytokines, soluble immunoglobulins, and increased frequencies of activated NK cells, CXCR5<sup>+</sup> CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells, and Tfh cells in HESN females compared to HIV-unexposed healthy (UH) women. Analysis of the genital microbiome of HESN women revealed a greater bacterial diversity and increased abundance of <i>Gardnerella</i> spp. in the mucosa. The findings suggest that the female genital tract of HESN females represents a microenvironment equipped with innate immune factors, antiviral mediators, and critical T cell subsets that protect against HIV infection. <b>IMPORTANCE</b> The vast majority of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections across the world occur via the sexual route. The genital tract mucosa is thus the primary site of HIV replication, and discerning the nature of HIV-specific immune responses in this compartment is crucial. The role of the innate immune system at the mucosal level in exposed seronegative individuals and other HIV controllers remains largely unexplored. This understanding can provide valuable insights to improve vaccine design. We investigated mucosal T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, CXCR5<sup>+</sup> CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells, natural killer (NK) cells subsets, soluble immune markers, and microbiome diversity in HIV-exposed seronegative (HESN) women. We found a significantly higher level of mucosal CXCR5<sup>+</sup> CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells, CD4<sup>+</sup> Tfh cells, activated NK cell subsets, and antiviral immune cell mediators in HESN women. We also found a higher abundance of <i>Gardnerella</i> spp., microbiome dysbiosis, and decreased levels of inflammatory markers to be associated with reduced susceptibility to HIV infection. Our findings indicate that increased distribution of mucosal NK cells, CXCR5<sup>+</sup> CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells, Tfh cells, and soluble markers in HIV controllers with a highly diverse cervicovaginal microbiome could contribute effectively to protection against HIV infection. Overall, our findings imply that future vaccine design should emphasize inducing these highly functional cell types at the mucosal sites.
Applications of vacuum vapor deposition for perovskite solar cells: A progress review (2022)

Metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have made substantial progress in power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability in the past decade thanks to the advancements in perovskite deposition methodology, charge transport layer (CTL) optimization, and encapsulation technology. Solution-based methods have been intensively investigated and a 25.7% certified efficiency has been achieved. Vacuum vapor deposition protocols were less studied, but have nevertheless received increasing attention from industry and academia due to the great potential for large-area module fabrication, facile integration with tandem solar cell architectures, and compatibility with industrial manufacturing approaches. In this article, we systematically discuss the applications of several promising vacuum vapor deposition techniques, namely thermal evaporation, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), atomic layer deposition (ALD), magnetron sputtering, pulsed laser deposition (PLD), and electron beam evaporation (e-beam evaporation) in the fabrication of CTLs, perovskite absorbers, encapsulants, and connection layers for monolithic tandem solar cells.
Complete Genome of Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis Myophage Marshall (2013)

Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis is a food-borne pathogen that causes salmonellosis in the United States. Bacteriophages are emerging as viable biocontrol agents against this pathogen. Here, we present the complete annotated genome sequence of Salmonella Enteritidis T4-like myophage Marshall, which has potential as a phage therapy agent.
Supplementary Legends 1-8 from <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Cytotoxin-Associated Gene A Activates the Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 Pathway <i>In vitro</i> and <i>In vivo</i> (2023)

Supplementary Legends 1-8 from &lt;i&gt;Helicobacter pylori&lt;/i&gt; Cytotoxin-Associated Gene A Activates the Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 Pathway &lt;i&gt;In vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;In vivo&lt;/i&gt;
Metamaterial inspired CPW‐fed compact antenna for ultrawide band applications (2019)

A small size, planar and co-planar waveguide fed metamaterial inspired antenna is proposed for ultra-wideband (UWB) application. The main radiating element consists of three split-ring resonators (SRR) and placed along one axis. Moreover, coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed line along with modified ground plane is used to improve the impedance matching. The physical size of proposed antenna is 25(W) × 22 (L) × 1.6 (H) mm3. The CPW-fed metamaterial inspired antenna provides bandwidth of 10.4 GHz from 3.1 to 13.5 GHz based on the 3:1 (voltage standing wave ratio [VSWR] <2). Over the range of UWB frequency, peak realized gain varies from 2.5 to 4 dBi. The proposed antenna provides omnidrectional radiation patterns. Further, fidelity factor of the proposed antenna is also calculated and measured. The calculated fidelity factor is suitable for UWB applications. Finally, prototype of the antenna is developed and tested using network analyzer. The simulated and measured results are in good agreement.
Two-Photon Spectroscopy of Trapped Atomic Hydrogen (1996)

We report observation of the 1S-2S two-photon transition in hydrogen confined in a magnetic trap at submillikelvin temperatures. The excitation spectrum can display a sharp central feature arising from periodic motion of the trapped atoms. The metastable 2S atoms remain trapped, and have a lifetime close to the natural lifetime of 122 ms. These developments open the way to achieving the transition's natural linewidth. We have also demonstrated that the temperature of the gas can be determined from the line shape, providing an important tool for the study of cold trapped hydrogen. The resolution in these experiments appears to be limited by laser stability, currently 3 kHz.
Enhanced Zika virus‐like particle development using Baculovirus spp. constructs (2022)

Zika virus (ZIKV) is one of several examples of an unprecedented pandemic spread and against which there is currently no suitable vaccine or treatment. Here, we constructed and characterized recombinant baculovirus-derived ZIKV-like particles (Zika VLPs) to study ZIKV-antibody interactions. These VLPs, uniquely consisted of the full-length ZIKV capsid (C), pre-membrane (prM), and envelope (E) proteins with either: a) the viral nonstructural NS2B and NS3 protease unit under one or two different promoters or b) an alternative host-cell furin protease encoding cleavage sequence inserted between the C and prM genes, together with lobster tropomyosin leader and honeybee signal sequences with one promoter for increased extracellular secretion. All these Zika VLPs displayed typical virion morphology in transmission electron microscopic analysis when expressed in both insect (Sf9) and mammalian (HEK293T) cells and no uncleaved prM glycoprotein was detected, as are present on immature virions. The importance of glycosylation of the E glycoprotein was shown by the effects on both polyclonal and monoclonal antibody reactions after these N-linked carbohydrate residues were disrupted by oxidation or enzymatic cleavage. Importantly, the construct which contained the host-cell furin protease cleavage sequence together with a lobster tropomyosin leader and honeybee signal sequences under one promoter produced higher Zika VLP titers and protein concentrations and which can now be tested as a superior construct in multifunctional diagnostic (ELISA and neutralization/antibody-dependent enhancement) assays and immunogenic assessments possibly leading to vaccine trials.
Non-Gaussian effects in 1/fnoise in small silicon-on-sapphire resistors (1985)

Several models for 1/f noise in silicon which give identical predictions for noise spectra were found to give distinct predictions for non-Gaussian effects as shown by Monte Carlo simulations. Measurements on silicon-on-sapphire resistors ranging in area to less than 1 (\ensuremath{\mu}m${)}^{2}$ revealed both non-Gaussian effects and sample-to-sample spectral variations. The results were qualitatively similar to those expected for a simple superposition of two-level trapping systems and dissimilar to those for a random walk in a random potential. However, some random modulation of some of the two-level systems was found.
To the Editor: (2019)

Gonzalez, Pablo MD; Salvatore, Estefano MD; Athanasiou, Stavros MD; Borrego, Rafael Sanchez MD; Leibaschoff, Gustavo MD; Tserotas, Konstantino MD; Escribano, Juan MD; Zerbinati, Nicola MD; Awad, David Vasquez MD Author Information
ChemInform Abstract: NEW SYNTHESIS OF 7‐BROMO‐1,3‐DIHYDRO‐3‐HYDROXY‐5‐(2′‐PYRIDYL)‐2H‐1,4‐BENZODIAZEPIN‐2‐ONE (1981)

Abstract Die im Titel genannte Verbindung (IIc) wird aus Bromacetylamino‐benoylpyridin (Ia) hergestellt.
Cardiac myocytes rendered ischemia resistant by expressing the human adenosine A1 or A3 receptor (1998)

Adenosine is an important mediator of the endogenous defense against ischemia-induced injury in the heart. Adenosine can achieve cardioprotection by mediating the effect of ischemic preconditioning and by protecting against myocyte injury when it is present during the infarct-producing ischemia. A novel adenosine A3 receptor can mediate this protective function. One approach to achieve cardioprotection is to enhance myocardial sensitivity to the endogenous adenosine by increasing the number of adenosine receptors instead of administering an adenosine receptor agonist. The objective of the present study was to investigate whether genetic manipulation of the cardiac myocyte, achieved by gene transfer and overexpression of the human A3 receptor cDNA, renders the myocytes resistant to the deleterious effect of ischemia. Prolonged hypoxia with glucose deprivation, causing myocyte injury and adenosine release, was used to simulate ischemia in cultured chick embryo ventricular myocytes. During simulated ischemia, cultured myocytes with enhanced expression of the human A3 receptor and showed significantly higher ATP content, fewer cells killed, and less creatine kinase released into the medium than either control or mock-transfected myocytes. Also, increased expression of the A3 receptor caused an enhanced cardioprotective effect by the preconditioning ischemia. Overexpressing the adenosine A1 receptor also led to increased protection against ischemia-induced myocyte injury as well as an enhanced preconditioning effect. Thus, increasing the receptor level improves the myocyte sensitivity to the endogenous adenosine, which in turn causes all of the cardioprotective effects found for exogenously administered adenosine agonists. The study provides the first proof for the new concept that an increased expression of the human A3 receptor in the cardiac myocyte can be an important cardioprotective therapeutic approach.
Genome Sequences of 11 Human Vaginal Actinobacteria Strains (2016)

The composition of the vaginal microbiota is an important health determinant. Several members of the phylum Actinobacteria have been implicated in bacterial vaginosis, a condition associated with many negative health outcomes. Here, we present 11 strains of vaginal Actinobacteria (now available through BEI Resources) along with draft genome sequences.
Frontispiece: Spatially Resolved Bottom‐Side Fluorination of Graphene by Two‐Dimensional Substrate Patterning (2020)

Graphene In their Communication on page 6700, A. Hirsch et al. demonstrate the ditopic functionalization of graphene with F atoms on the bottom side and O-containing groups or H atoms on the top side.
Mechanism of Testosterone Deficiency in the Transgenic Sickle Cell Mouse (2015)

Testosterone deficiency is associated with sickle cell disease (SCD), but its underlying mechanism is not known. We investigated the possible occurrence and mechanism of testosterone deficiency in a mouse model of human SCD. Transgenic sickle male mice (Sickle) exhibited decreased serum and intratesticular testosterone and increased luteinizing hormone (LH) levels compared with wild type (WT) mice, indicating primary hypogonadism in Sickle mice. LH-, dbcAMP-, and pregnenolone- (but not 22-hydroxycholesterol)- stimulated testosterone production by Leydig cells isolated from the Sickle mouse testis was decreased compared to that of WT mice, implying defective Leydig cell steroidogenesis. There also was reduced protein expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (STAR), but not cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc), in the Sickle mouse testis. These data suggest that the capacity of P450scc to support testosterone production may be limited by the supply of cholesterol to the mitochondria in Sickle mice. The sickle mouse testis exhibited upregulated NADPH oxidase subunit gp91phox and increased oxidative stress, measured as 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, and unchanged protein expression of an antioxidant glutathione peroxidase-1. Mice heterozygous for the human sickle globin (Hemi) exhibited intermediate hypogonadal changes between those of WT and Sickle mice. These results demonstrate that testosterone deficiency occurs in Sickle mice, mimicking the human condition. The defects in the Leydig cell steroidogenic pathway in Sickle mice, mainly due to reduced availability of cholesterol for testosterone production, may be related to NADPH oxidase-derived oxidative stress. Our findings suggest that targeting testicular oxidative stress or steroidogenesis mechanisms in SCD offers a potential treatment for improving phenotypic changes associated with testosterone deficiency in this disease.
Sequential Anti-PD1 Therapy Following Dendritic Cell Vaccination Improves Survival in a HER2 Mammary Carcinoma Model and Identifies a Critical Role for CD4 T Cells in Mediating the Response (2019)

Patients with metastatic HER2 breast cancer (MBC) often become resistant to HER 2 targeted therapy and have recurrence of disease. The Panacea trial suggested that HER2 MBC patients were more likely to respond to checkpoint therapy if TIL were present or if tumor expressed PD-L1. We assessed whether type I polarized dendritic cells (DC1) could improve checkpoint therapy in a preclinical model of HER2<sup>+</sup> breast cancer. TUBO bearing mice were vaccinated with either MHC class I or class II HER2 peptide pulsed DC1 (class I or class II HER2-DC1) concurrently or sequentially with administration of anti-PD-1 or anti-PDL1. Infiltration of tumors by immune cells, induction of anti-HER2 immunity and response to therapy was evaluated. Class I or class II HER2-DC1 vaccinated mice generated anti-HER2 CD8 or CD4+ T cell immune responses and demonstrated delayed tumor growth. Combining both MHC class I and II HER2-pulsed DC1 did not further result in inhibition of tumor growth or enhanced survival compared to individual administration. Interestingly class II HER2-DC1 led to both increased CD4 and CD8 T cells in the tumor microenvironment while class I peptides typically resulted in only increased CD8 T cells. Anti-PD-1 but not anti-PD-L1 administered sequentially with class I or class II HER2-DC1 vaccine could improve the efficacy of HER2-DC1 vaccine as measured by tumor growth, survival, infiltration of tumors by T cells and increase in systemic anti-HER2 immune responses. Depletion of CD4+ T cells abrogated the anti-tumor efficacy of combination therapy with class II HER2-DC1 and anti-PD-1, suggesting that tumor regression was CD4 dependent. Since class II HER2-DC1 was as effective as class I, we combined class II HER2-DC1 vaccine with anti-rat neu antibodies and anti-PD-1 therapy. Combination therapy demonstrated further delay in tumor growth, and enhanced survival compared to control mice. In summary, Class II HER2-DC1 drives both a CD4 and CD8 T cell tumor infiltration that leads to increased survival, and in combination with anti-HER2 therapy and checkpoint blockade can improve survival in preclinical models of HER2 positive breast cancer and warrants exploration in patients with HER2 MBC.
A Compliant, Over-Running Ratchet and Pawl Clutch With Centrifugal Throw-Out (1998)

Abstract A new compliant, over-running ratchet and pawl clutch with centrifugal throw-out has been developed that drastically reduces the overall part count as compared to traditional ratchet and pawl clutches. Part count for the pawl hub assembly was virtually eliminated by making the hub a single compliant mechanism. This results in large savings in manufacturing, assembly and maintenance costs. Peak torque output for a polypropylene clutch was measured at over 66.2 N-m with an over-running torque measured at &amp;lt; 0.01 N-m. A mathematical model has been developed to predict the rotational speed at which the pawls disengage from the ratchet when free-wheeling. This model was verified experimentally to be accurate within 5.2%. This clutch also demonstrates the advantage of compliant mechanisms to reduce assembly and manufacturing costs.