gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Hybrid Dry and Aqueous Fractionation Method to Obtain Protein-Rich Fractions from Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) (2016)

Combination of dry and aqueous fractionation is investigated to obtain protein-rich fractions from quinoa in a milder and more sustainable way compared to conventional wet fractionation. Dry fractionation of quinoa involved milling and subsequent air classification, generating a protein-enriched embryo fraction. Subsequently, this fraction was milled, suspended, and further fractionated by aqueous phase separation. The efficiency of aqueous phase separation could be improved by addition of NaCl (0.5 M). Finally, the top aqueous phase was decanted and ultrafiltered, resulting in a protein purity of 59.4 w/dw% for the 0.5 M NaCl-protein solution and a protein yield (gram protein obtained/gram protein in seed) of 62.0 %. Having used 98 % less water compared to conventional wet extraction, the hybrid dry and aqueous fractionation is a promising method for industry to create value from quinoa in a more economic and sustainable friendly way while minimizing the impact on quinoa’s native protein functionality.
Fecal incontinence in chronic diarrhea (1979)

Abstract Patients with chronic diarrhea and fecal incontinence are unable to retain as much rectally infused saline as patients without incontinence. We explored the effect of training such a patient to retain rectally infused saline. The patient was a 31-yr-old female with chronic diarrhea of obscure etiology who had daily episodes of fecal incontinence which markedly restricted her lifestyle. Training was accomplished by urging the patient to retain as much of a 25-min rectal infusion of 1500 ml saline as possible. After 10 training sessions, the patient increased her ability to hold rectally infused saline almost sevenfold. This increase was well maintained over 10 wk. In spite of continued diarrhea, the patient's incontinence did not recur after the first week of training, and she was able to resume a normal life. Anal sphincter pressure and a test of continence for a solid sphere did not change during or after training. This simple training technique has potential as a treatment for disabling fecal incontinence in patients with chronic diarrhea.
Embolization of Basal Ganglia and Thalamic Arteriovenous Malformations (1999)

Endovascular embolization plays an important role in multimodality treatment of AVMs involving the basal ganglia and/or thalamus. Embolization can result in obliteration of a significant volume of the AVM and may allow complete obliteration of the AVM when combined with microsurgical resection and/or stereotactic radiosurgery.
xDomain: Cross-border Proofs of Access (CMU-CyLab-09-005) (2018)

A number of research systems have demonstrated the benefits of accompanying each request with a machine-checkable proof that the request complies with access-control policy — a technique called proof-carrying authorization. Numerous authorization logics have been proposed as vehicles by which these proofs can be expressed and checked. A challenge in building such systems is how to allow delegation between institutions that use different authorization logics. Instead of trying to develop the authorization logic that all institutions should use, we propose a framework for interfacing different, mutually incompatible authorization logics. Our framework provides a very small set of primitives that defines an interface for communication between different logics without imposing any fundamental constraints on their design or nature. We illustrate by example that a variety of different logics can communicate over this interface, and show formally that supporting the interface does not impinge on the integrity of each individual logic. We also describe an architecture for constructing authorization proofs that contain components from different logics and report on the performance of a prototype proof checker.
Role of vibrational properties and electron–phonon coupling on thermal transport across metal-dielectric interfaces with ultrathin metallic interlayers (2022)

We systematically analyze the influence of 5 nm thick metal interlayers inserted at the interface of several sets of different metal-dielectric systems to determine the parameters that most influence interface transport. Our results show that despite the similar Debye temperatures of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>and AlN substrates, the thermal boundary conductance measured for the Au/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>system with Ni and Cr interlayers is ∼2× and >3× higher than the corresponding Au/AlN system, respectively. We also show that for crystalline SiO<sub>2</sub>(quartz) and Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>substrates having highly dissimilar Debye temperature, the measured thermal boundary conductance between Al/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>and Al/SiO<sub>2</sub>are similar in the presence of Ni and Cr interlayers. We suggest that comparing the maximum phonon frequency of the acoustic branches is a better parameter than the Debye temperature to predict the change in the thermal boundary conductance. We show that the electron-phonon coupling of the metallic interlayers also alters the heat transport pathways in a metal-dielectric system in a nontrivial way. Typically, interlayers with large electron-phonon coupling strength can increase the thermal boundary conductance by dragging electrons and phonons into equilibrium quickly. However, our results show that a Ta interlayer, having a high electron-phonon coupling, shows a low thermal boundary conductance due to the poor phonon frequency overlap with the top Al layer. Our experimental work can be interpreted in the context of diffuse mismatch theory and can guide the selection of materials for thermal interface engineering.
Analysis of hydrodynamic trapping interactions during full-cycle injection and migration of CO2 in deep saline aquifers (2021)

CO2 injection into deep saline aquifers has shown to be a feasible option, as for their large storage capacity under safe operational conditions. Previous studies have revealed that CO2 can be trapped in the subsurface by several mechanisms. Despite the major advances in studying these trapping mechanisms, their dynamic interactions in different periods of a full-cycle process have not been well understood; i.e., they are studied independently at their so-called ‘separate time scales of importance’. These mechanisms, however, are dynamically interconnected and influence each other even outside of their main time scale of importance. Besides, previous studies on field-scale simulations often choose grid cells which are too coarse to capture flow dynamics especially in post-injection period. To this end, we develop a comprehensive framework to analyze the flow dynamics and the associated hydrodynamic trapping process, in which the CO2 injection, migration and post-migration period are all considered in a unified manner. Through illustrative models with sufficient grid resolution, we quantify the impact of different trapping mechanisms and uncertain reservoir properties through a full-cycle process. We demonstrate that the time scale associated with each trapping mechanism indeed varies, yet their dynamic interplay needs to be considered for accurate and reliable predictions. Results reveal that residual trapping is governed by the advective transport in the injection period, and its contribution to the overall trapped amount becomes more significant in systems with lower permeability. Dissolution trapping operates under varying driving forces at different stages. In the injection period, the dissolution process is controlled by advective transport, and later enhanced by the gravity-induced convection in the post-injection period. Such convective transport diminishes the contribution from residual trapping. Our study sheds light on the impact of the coupled reservoir and fluid time-dependent interactions in estimation of the securely trapped CO2 in saline aquifers.
Dynamics-Enabled Safe Deep Reinforcement Learning: Case Study on Active Suspension Control (2019)

Reinforcement learning (RL) is in essence a trial-and-error process which involves exploratory actions. These explorations can lead to system constraint violations and physical system damages, impeding RL's use in many real-world engineered systems. In this paper, we develop a safe RL framework that integrates model-free learning with model-based safety supervision to bridge the gap. We exploit the underlying system dynamics and safety-related constraints to construct a safety set using recursive feasibility techniques. We then integrate the safety set in RL's exploration to guarantee safety while simultaneously preserving exploration efficiency by using the hit-and-run sampling. We design a novel efforts-to-remain-safe penalty to effectively guide RL to learn system constraints. We apply the proposed safe RL framework to the active suspension system in which actuation and state constraints are present due to ride comfort, road handling, and actuation limits. We show that the developed safe RL is able to learn a safe control policy safely while outperforming a nominal controller.
Defect of Cell-Mediated Immune Response against Hepatitis B Virus; An Indication for Pathogenesis of Hepatitis-B-Virus-Associated Membranous Nephropathy (1997)

To elucidate the questions of why not all patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection develop HBV membranous nephropathy (HBVMN), we first measured serum HBe circulating immune complex (CIC) during the acute nephrotic phase of HBVMN and in HBV carriers. We found that the level of HBe CIC was low in the HBVMN patients and absent either in HBsAg+/HBeAg+ patients without HBVMN or HBsAg+/HBeAg- asymptomatic carriers. Second, we needed to characterize the cellular immune response to HBV in patients with HBVMN. However, lack of a suitable autologous effector/target cell system makes a precise study of HBVMN pathogenesis difficult. In the present study, we established a model system by using autologous HBcAg-expressing Epstein-Barr-virus-immortalized lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL) as stimulator/target cells. Both proliferative response after stimulation with HBcAg and cytotoxic activity against autologous HBcAg-expressing LCL of the peripheral blood T cells obtained from the HBVMN patients and HBsAg carriers could be measured. Using autologous HBcAg-expressing LCL as stimulator/target cells for the study of HBcAg-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes, we found that HBVMN patients had lower cytotoxic activity than did both HBV carriers and HBsAg-/HBsAb+, HBeAg-/HBeAb+ children. From the in vitro cytokine production study of peripheral blood T cells after stimulation with HBcAg, we found that T-helper-cell-1-related IL-2 and IFN-gamma productions were very low in HBVMN patients but T-helper-cell-2-related IL-10 production was higher in HBsAg+/HBeAg+ patients with HBVMN than in those without HBVMN. Based on these findings, we conclude that HBVMN children seem to have an inadequate cellular immune response to HBcAg.
Polarized infrared emission using frequency selective surfaces (2010)

An emission frequency selective surface, or eFSS, is made up of a periodic arrangement of resonant antenna structures above a ground plane. By exploiting the coupling and symmetry properties of an eFSS, it is possible to introduce polarization sensitive thermal emission and, subsequently, coherent emission. Two surfaces are considered: a linearly polarized emission surface and a circularly polarized emission surface. The linearly polarized surface consisted of an array of dipole elements and measurements demonstrate these surfaces can be fabricated into high polarization contrast patterns. The circularly polarized surface required the use of an asymmetrical tripole element to maintain coherence between orthogonal current modes and introduce the necessary phase delay to realize circularly polarized radiation.
The Action of Resveratrol, a Phytoestrogen Found in Grapes, on the Intervertebral Disc (2008)

Resveratrol is a potent anabolic mediator of bovine IVD cartilage homeostasis, revealing its potential as a unique biologic treatment to slow the progression of IVD degeneration. These data suggests RSV may have considerable promise in the treatment of disc degeneration.
Highly Parallelized Screening of Functionally Enhanced XNA Aptamers in Uniform Hydrogel Particles (2023)

Xeno-nucleic acid (XNA) aptamers based on evolvable non-natural genetic polymers hold enormous potential as future diagnostic and therapeutic agents. However, time-consuming and costly procedures requiring the purification of individual XNA sequences produced by large-scale polymerase-mediated primer extension reactions pose a major bottleneck to the discovery of highly active XNA motifs for biomedical applications. Here, we describe a straightforward approach for rapidly surveying the binding properties of XNA aptamers identified by in vitro selection. Our strategy involves preparing XNA aptamer particles in which many copies of the same aptamer sequence are distributed throughout the gel matrix of a polyacrylamide-encapsulated magnetic particle. Aptamer particles are then screened by flow cytometry to assess target binding affinity and deduce structure-activity relationships. This generalizable and highly parallel assay dramatically accelerates the pace of secondary screening by allowing a single researcher to evaluate 48-96 sequences per day.
Abstract 2486: A possible mechanism for plagiochiline A activity: Inhibition of cytokinesis (2010)

Abstract We recently reported on the isolation of plagiochiline A, a 2,3-secoaromadendrane-type sesquiterpenoid, from the Peruvian medicinal plant Plagiochila distichia. This compound was found to have antiproliferative activity against a variety of solid tumor cell lines, including those derived from prostate, colon, breast, lung, and cervical cancers, as well as several leukemia cell lines. Other researchers have also noted the cytotoxicity of plagiochiline A (isolated from other plant species), but the mechanism for this activity was unknown. Here, we describe new research where we have investigated the mechanism of plagiochiline A using a variety of experimental techniques. First of all, we evaluated cell cycle parameters in DU145 prostate cancer cells treated for 24 h with 4 µg/mL (11.4 µM) plagiochiline A using flow cytometry based analysis of propidium iodide-stained cells. We found that plagiochiline A caused a statistically significant increase in the percentage of cells in the G2/M phase compared to vehicle-treated cells (41.7% compared to 24.8%, based on three independent experiments). We next examined similarly treated cells stained with DAPI (a DNA intercalator) and anti-tubulin antibodies (microtubule marker) using fluorescence microscopy to evaluate the mitotic status of the cells. These experiments revealed a large number of binucleate cells, many of which had intercellular bridges evident, specifically in the plagiochiline A-treated samples. Only a few cells were observed in earlier stages of mitosis, suggesting that the accumulation of cells in G2/M is due to a defect in cytokinesis. We are currently carrying out additional research in order to test this hypothesis. We also plan to determine the effects on cells following longer treatments with plagiochiline A and to investigate possible molecular target(s) of plagiochiline A. Although many anti-mitotic compounds are in current use as anticancer agents, there are apparently only a few agents in development that specifically target cytokinesis. Therefore, we anticipate that this research may ultimately lead to novel anticancer agents and new tools to study cytokinesis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2486.
Identification and classification the coronary artery plaque with MRI coronary wall imaging - A Comparative Study Using 64-MDCT (2010)

Methods 13 patients(mean age 56.2 ± 11.8 years, 9 men) with confirmed coronary artery disease by coronary CTA (64MDCT) underwent black-blood coronary wall MRI within 10 days. All scans were performed on a 1.5 T scanner (MAGNETOM Sonata, Siemens, Germany). Cross-sectional coronary wall imaging was acquired using a 2D double-inversion-recovery, ECG-triggered, navigatorgated, fat-suppressed, Turbo-Spin-Echo sequence (TSE) sequence [2] on the lesion coronary artery from the ostium to the middle segment continuously without gap. The vessel cross-sectional area (CSA), luminal CSA, maximal wall thickness, plaque burden, CNR (SI vessel wall SI perivascular area/SD noise) and SNR (SI vessel wall/SD noise) were measured in each slice which were then comfrom 13th Annual SCMR Scientific Sessions Phoenix, AZ, USA. 21-24 January 2010
Vertical‐type InGaN/GaN light emitting diodes with high efficiency reflector ITO/APC alloy on p‐GaN (2010)

Abstract We demostrate the efficient p‐type reflector for high performance vertical InGaN/GaN light emitting diodes (LEDs) with 1 × 1mm 2 chip size. The reflector consists of Indium‐Tin‐Oxide (ITO) and Ag‐Pd‐Cu (APC) alloy. The ITO was inserted between p‐GaN layer and APC alloy using RF magnetron sputtering to prevent inter‐diffusion of APC into GaN layer. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) result shows that ITO plays an impotant role as a diffusion barrier to APC alloy. In addition, the contact resistivity of ITO to p‐GaN layer was measured to be 1.32 × 10 ‐3 Ωcm 2 at annealing temperature of 600 °C for 1 minute. APC alloy was adpoted to acheive a higher reflectance for improvement of a light extraction efficiency. The APC alloy reflector appeared to have a higher reflectivity compared to conventional Ni/Ag film reflector. The verical LEDs with ITO/APC alloy reflectors showed the light‐output power of 295 mW at an injection current of 350 mA, which is 15% higher than that with Ni/Ag reflectors. The output power enhancement is attributed to the increase of light extraction efficiency due to high reflectivity of APC alloy (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On–off switch of charge-separated states of pyridine-vinylene-linked porphyrin–C60 conjugates detected by EPR (2015)

The design, synthesis, and electronic properties of a new series of D-π-A conjugates consisting of free base (H<sub>2</sub>P) and zinc porphyrins (ZnP) as electron donors and a fullerene (C<sub>60</sub>) as electron acceptor, in which the two electroactive entities are covalently linked through pyridine-vinylene spacers of different lengths, are described. Electronic interactions in the ground state were characterized by electrochemical and absorption measurements, which were further supported with theoretical calculations. Most importantly, charge-transfer bands were observed in the absorption spectra, indicating a strong <i>push</i>-<i>pull</i> behavior. In the excited states, electronic interactions were detected by selective photoexcitation under steady-state conditions, by time-resolved fluorescence investigations, and by pump probe experiments on the femto-, pico-, and nanosecond time scales. Porphyrin fluorescence is quenched for the different D-π-A conjugates, from which we conclude that the deactivation mechanisms of the excited singlet states are based on photoinduced energy- and/or electron transfer processes between H<sub>2</sub>P/ZnP and C<sub>60</sub>, mediated through the molecular spacers. The fluorescence intensity decreases and the fluorescence lifetimes shorten as the spacer length decreases and as the spacer substitution changes. With the help of transient absorption spectroscopy, the formation of charge-separated states involving oxidized H<sub>2</sub>P/ZnP and reduced C<sub>60</sub> was confirmed. Lifetimes of the corresponding charge-separated states, which ranged from ∼400 picoseconds to 165 nanoseconds, depend on the spacer length, the spacer substitution, and the solvent polarity. Interestingly, D-π-A conjugates containing the longest linkers did not necessarily exhibit the longest charge-separated state lifetimes. The distances between the electron donors and the acceptors were calculated by molecular modelling. The longest charge-separated state lifetime corresponded to the D-π-A conjugate with the longest electron donor-acceptor distance. Likewise, EPR measurements in frozen media revealed charge separated states in all the D-π-A conjugates investigated. A sharp peak with <i>g</i> values ∼2.000 was assigned to reduced C<sub>60</sub>, while a broader, less intense signal (<i>g</i> ∼ 2.003) was assigned to oxidized H<sub>2</sub>P/ZnP. On-off switching of the formation and decay of the charge-separated states was detected by EPR at 77 K by repeatedly turning the irradiation source on and off.
Low cost bifunctional initiators for bidirectional living cationic polymerization of olefins. I. isobutylene (2017)

ABSTRACT We describe the discovery of novel low cost bifunctional initiators 2,4,7,9‐tetramethyl‐tricyclo[6.2.0.0 36 ]deca‐1(8),2,6‐triene‐4,9‐diol (bBCB‐diOH) and 4,9‐dichloro,2,4,7,9‐tetramethyl‐tricyclo[6.2.0.0 36 ]deca‐1(8),2,6‐triene (bBCB‐diCl), for living cationic bidirectional polymerization of olefins, for example, isobutylene. bBCB‐diOH was quantitatively synthesized in one step by UV radiation of commercially available diacetyl durene (DAD) and bBCB‐diCl by hydrochlorination of bBCB‐diOH. These molecules, in conjunction with TiCl 4 coinitiator, initiate the living polymerization of isobutylene. Livingness was demonstrated by linear conversion versus molecular weight (MW) plots and narrow MW distributions. Polymerizations are slower than those initiated by the universally used “hindered” bifunctional initiator 5‐tert‐butyl‐1,3‐bis(1‐chloro‐1‐methyl)benzene and are suitable for rate studies. Herein, we report the synthesis, by the use of bBCB‐diCl, of relatively low MW ( M n &lt; 3000 g mol −1 ) allyl‐telechelic polyisobutylene (PIB) used for the synthesis of PIB‐based polyurethanes and that of relatively high MW ( M n &gt; 30,000) living PIB telechelics for the synthesis of thermoplastic elastomers. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017 , 55 , 3716–3724
Gibberellin-Induced Changes in the Populations of Translatable mRNAs and Accumulated Polypeptides in Dwarfs of Maize and Pea (1987)

Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to characterize the molecular mechanism of gibberellin-induced stem elongation in maize and pea. Dwarf mutants of maize (d-5) and pea (Progress No. 9) lack endogenous gibberellin (GA(1)) but become phenotypically normal with exogenous applications of this hormone. Sections from either etiolated maize or green pea seedlings were incubated in the presence of [(35)S] methionine for 3 hours with or without gibberellin. Labeled proteins from soluble and particulate fractions were analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and specific changes in the patterns of protein synthesis were observed upon treatment with gibberellin. Polyadenylated mRNAs from etiolated or green maize shoots and green pea epicotyls treated or not with gibberellin (a 0.5 to 16 hour time course) were assayed by translation in a rabbit reticulocyte extract and separation of products by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Both increases and decreases in the levels of specific polypeptides were seen for pea and corn, and these changes were observed within 30 minutes of treatment with gibberellin. Together, these data indicate that gibberellin induces changes in the expression of a subset of gene products within elongating dwarfs. This may be due to changes in transcription rate, mRNA stability, or increased efficiency of translation of certain mRNAs.