gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synergy of Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 and All Trans Retinoic Acid in the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Role of Regulatory T cells (2016)

Gut immune homeostasis breakdown is central to the pathogenesis of both Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Apprehension of local imbalances in pro- and antiinflammatory signaling common to both led to the collective term 'inflammatory bowel disease' (IBD), a malady afflicting one and one-half million Americans.
Widely Tunable Narrow-Linewidth Monolithically Integrated External-Cavity Semiconductor Lasers (2015)

We theoretically analyze, design, and measure the performance of a semiconductor laser with a monolithically integrated external cavity. A ~4 cm long on-chip cavity is made possible by a low-loss silicon waveguide platform. We show tuning in excess of 54 nm in the O-band as well as significant reduction in laser linewidth due to controlled feedback from the external cavity. The measured linewidth in full tuning range is below 100 kHz and the best results are around 50 kHz. Approaches to further improve the performance of such laser architectures are described.
A Profile of Ground Reaction Forces in Professional Basketball (1994)

Basketball is a sport that involves multiple impacts with the ground through a variety of moves such as running Jumping, and cutting. Repetitive impacts have been associated with stress-related injuries in other sports such as running. The purpose of this investigation was to gain an understanding of the typical stresses the body experiences during common basketball moves. To this end, the ground reaction forces from 24 players from five professional basketball teams were studied. In addition, a game analysis was performed to determine the frequency of selected moves. These data indicated that certain common movements, such as jump landings and shuffling, resulted in absolute and relative forces much greater than many of those reported previously in studies of other sports. These movements were also identified in a companion paper as being associated with large angular excursions and velocities. Findings are discussed with respect to injury risks, and suggestions for future study are made.
TWEAK-Fn14 interaction enhances plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 and tissue factor expression in atherosclerotic plaques and in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (2010)

our results indicate that the TWEAK-Fn14 axis can regulate activation of TF and PAI-1 expression in vascular cells. TWEAK-Fn14 may be a therapeutic target in the prothrombotic complications associated with atherosclerosis.
A pilot study of prostate‐specific membrane antigen (PSMA) dynamics in men undergoing treatment for advanced prostate cancer (2019)

PSMA expression in CTCs is a dynamic marker. PSMA transcript declines appear to be associated with concurrent decreases in serum PSA. Sequential CTC sampling could provide a noninvasive response assessment to systemic treatment for mCRPC.
Utilizing shared information between gradient-spoiled and RF-spoiled steady-state MRI signals (2020)

This work presents an analytical relationship between gradient-spoiled and RF-spoiled steady-state signals. The two echoes acquired in double-echo in steady-state scans are shown to lie on a line in the signal plane, where the two axes represent the amplitudes of each echo. The location along the line depends on the amount of spoiling and the diffusivity. The line terminates in a point corresponding to an RF-spoiled signal. In addition to the main contribution of demonstrating this signal relationship, we also include the secondary contribution of preliminary results from an example application of the relationship, in the form of a heuristic denoising method when both types of scans are performed. This is investigated in simulations, phantom scans, and in vivo scans. For the signal model, the main topic of this study, simulations confirmed its accuracy and explored its dependency on signal parameters and image noise. For the secondary topic of its preliminary application to reduce noise, simulations demonstrated the denoising method giving a reduction in noise-induced standard deviation of about 30%. The relative effect of the method on the signals is shown to depend on the slope of the described line, which is demonstrated to be zero at the Ernst angle. The phantom scans show a similar effect as the simulations. In vivo scans showed a slightly lower average improvement of about 28%.
Arabidopsis thaliana Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase (2004)

In plants, glutathione accumulates in response to different stress stimuli as a protective mechanism, but only limited biochemical information is available on the plant enzymes that synthesize glutathione. Glutamatecysteine ligase (GCL) catalyzes the first step in glutathione biosynthesis and plays an important role in regulating the intracellular redox environment. Because the putative Arabidopsis thaliana GCL (AtGCL) displays no significant homology to the GCL from bacteria and other eukaryotes, the identity of this protein as a GCL has been debated. We have purified AtGCL from an Escherichia coli expression system and demonstrated that the recombinant enzyme catalyzes the ATP-dependent formation of gamma-glutamylcysteine from glutamate (Km = 9.1 mm) and cysteine (Km = 2.7 mm). Glutathione feedback inhibits AtGCL (Ki approximately 1.0 mm). As with other GCL, buthionine sulfoximine and cystamine inactivate the Arabidopsis enzyme but with inactivation rates much slower than those of the mammalian, bacterial, and nematode enzymes. The slower inactivation rates observed with AtGCL suggest that the active site differs structurally from that of other GCL. Global fitting analysis of initial velocity data indicates that a random terreactant mechanism with a preferred binding order best describes the kinetic mechanism of AtGCL. Unlike the mammalian GCL, which consists of a catalytic subunit and a regulatory subunit, AtGCL functions and is regulated as a monomeric protein. In response to redox environment, AtGCL undergoes a reversible conformational change that modulates the enzymatic activity of the monomer. These results explain the reported posttranslational change in AtGCL activity in response to oxidative stress.
CEP stabilization of a cascaded high-energy Yb amplifier chain (2012)

We implement CEP stabilization of 180-fs 6-mJ pulses from consecutively seeded Yb:KGW and Yb:CaF2 regenerative amplifiers at a repetition rate of 1 kHz. The system drives a CEP-locked multicolor OPA used for high-order harmonic generation.
Essential Role of the Type III Secretion System Effector NleB in Colonization of Mice by Citrobacter rodentium (2006)

Attaching and effacing (A/E) pathogens are a significant cause of gastrointestinal illness in humans and animals. All A/E pathogens carry a large pathogenicity island, termed the locus for enterocyte effacement (LEE), which encodes a type III secretion system that translocates several effector proteins into host cells. To identify novel virulence determinants in A/E pathogens, we performed a signature-tagged mutagenesis screen in C57BL/6 mice by using the mouse A/E pathogen Citrobacter rodentium. Five hundred seventy-six derivatives of C. rodentium were tested in pools of 12 mutants. One attenuated mutant carried a transposon insertion in nleB, which encodes a putative effector of the LEE-encoded type III secretion system (T3SS). nleB is present in a genomic pathogenicity island that also encodes another putative effector, NleE, immediately downstream. Using translational fusions with beta-lactamase (TEM-1), we showed that both NleB and NleE were translocated into host cells by the LEE-encoded T3SS of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. In addition, deletion of the gene encoding NleB in C. rodentium resulted in reduced colonization of mice in single infections and reduced colonic hyperplasia. In contrast, the deletion of other non-LEE-encoded effector genes in C. rodentium, nleC, nleD, or nleE, had no effect on host colonization or disease. These results suggest that nleB encodes an important virulence determinant of A/E pathogens.
Abstract 4004: P21-activated kinases (PAKs) are novel therapeutic targets in human breast cancer (2012)

Abstract P21-activated kinases (PAKs) are important mediators of Rac and Cdc42 GTPase function as well as pathways required for Ras-driven tumorigenesis. PAKs have been implicated in signaling by growth factor receptors and morphogenetic processes that control cell polarity, invasion and actin cytoskeleton organization. To better understand the role of PAK1 and PAK4 in breast tumorigenesis, genomic copy number, mRNA and protein expression were determined for a panel of 291 human breast adenocarcinomas and loss-of function was assessed in cell lines using genetic and pharmacologic approaches. Interestingly, PAK1 genomic amplification at 11q13 was prevalent in luminal breast cancer and PAK1 levels in early ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) samples was similar to that of primary adenocarcinoma suggesting that PAK1 dysregulation could be an early event in some breast cancers. PAK1 protein expression in adenocarcinoma was associated with lymph node invasion and further increased expression was observed in metastatic tumors. In addition, primary and secondary (28 local recurrences, 56 metastases) adenocarcinomas from a total of 86 patients (81 with matching samples) were evaluated for PAK1 and PAK4 expression to determine modulation of these kinases following adjuvant hormone therapy. Breast cancer cell lines with PAK1 genomic amplification rapidly underwent caspase activation and apoptosis following inhibition of this kinase. Together, our results provide evidence for dysregulation of PAK1 in breast cancer and a role for PAK1 in cellular survival and proliferation in this indication. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4004. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4004
Video retargeting for stereoscopic content under 3D viewing constraints (2012)

The imminent deployment of new devices such as TV, tablet, smart phone supporting stereoscopic display creates a need for retargeting the content. New devices bring their own aspect ratio and potential small screen size. Aspect ratio conversion becomes mandatory and an automatic solution will be of high value especially if it maximizes the visual comfort. Some issues inherent to 3D domain are considered in this paper: no vertical disparity, no object having negative disparity (outward perception) on the border of the cropping window. A visual attention model is applied on each view and provides saliency maps with most attractive pixels. Dedicated 3D retargeting correlates the 2D attention maps for each view as well as additional computed information to ensure the best cropping window. Specific constraints induced by 3D experience influence the retargeted window through the map computation presenting objects that should not be cropped. The comparison with original content of 2:35 ratio having black stripes provide limited 3D experience on TV screen, while the automatic cropping and exploitation of full screen show more immersive experience. The proposed system is fully automatic, ensures a good final quality without missing fundamental parts for the global understanding of the scene. Eye-tracking data recorded on stereoscopic content have been confronted to retargeted window in order to ensure that the most attractive areas are inside the final video.
Upper gastrointestinal tract phenotype of Crohnʼs disease is associated with early surgery and further hospitalization (2008)

Chinese CD patients more often had the L4 phenotype, which predicted the need of subsequent hospitalization.
Surface Microstructuring of Glass Materials by Laser-Induced Backside Wet Etching (2017)

We review a one-step method to fabricate microstructure on a glass plate using laser-induced backside wet etching (LIBWE). The LIBWE method is based on liquid laser ablation with a conventional pulsed laser at UV or visible wavelength. We fabricated a well-defined deep microarray without cracks or chipping formations on the glass plate by the LIBWE method. The system allows us to use the rapid prototyping of the high precision surface microfabrication of glass and other transparent materials as laser direct-write processing in a conventional atmospheric environment.
On tightness of an entropic region outer bound for network coding and the edge removal property (2016)

In this work, we study the Yeung network coding entropic function outer bound and prove an equivalence relationship between its tightness and the edge removal problem. In addition, we derive an implicit characterization of the 0-error capacity region using restricted sets of entropic vectors.
Coordinated placement and replacement for large-scale distributed caches (2002)

In a large-scale information system such as a digital library or the Web, a set of distributed caches can improve their effectiveness by coordinating their data placement decisions. Using simulation, we examine three practical cooperative placement algorithms, including one that is provably close to optimal, and we compare these algorithms to the optimal placement algorithm and several cooperative and noncooperative replacement algorithms. We draw five conclusions from these experiments: 1) cooperative placement can significantly improve performance compared to local replacement algorithms, particularly when the size of individual caches is limited compared to the universe of objects; 2) although the amortizing placement algorithm is only guaranteed to be within 14 times the optimal, in practice it seems to provide an excellent approximation of the optimal; 3) in a cooperative caching scenario, the recent greedy-dual local replacement algorithm performs much better than the other local replacement algorithms; 4) our hierarchical-greedy-dual replacement algorithm yields further improvements over the greedy-dual algorithm especially when there are idle caches in the system; and 5) a key challenge to coordinated placement algorithms is generating good predictions of access patterns based on past accesses.
Design study for MOX fuel rod scanner for ATR fuel fabrication. Phase I: Design of active neutron scanner. Phase II: Design of passive neutron scanner. Phase III: Design of passive gamma-ray scanner (1997)

An active neutron fuel-rod scanner has been designed for the assay of fissile materials in mixed oxide fuel rods. A {sup 252}Cf source is located at the center of the scanner very near the through-hole for the fuel rods. Spontaneous fission neutrons from the californium are moderated and induce fissions within the passing fuel rod. The rod continues past a combined gamma-ray and neutron shield where delayed gamma rays above 1 MeV are detected. The authors used the Monte Carlo neutron-photon (MCNP) code to design the scanner and review optimum materials and geometries. Applications of the rod scanner include accountability of fissile material for safeguards applications, quality control of the fissile content in a fuel rod, and the verification of reactivity potential for mixed oxide fuels. A passive neutron fuel-rod scanner has been designed for the assay of the plutonium in mixed oxide fuel rods. The {sup 240}Pu-effective is measured by counting the spontaneous fission neutrons using a high-efficiency thermal-neutron detector. This passive neutron detector would be combined with a high-resolution gamma-ray system (HRGS) measurement to obtain the total plutonium from the plutonium isotopic ratios. A passive gamma-ray scanner has been designed for the measurement of the {sup 241}Am and plutonium uniformity in mixed oxide fuel rods. The passive gamma-ray emissions from {sup 241}Am (60 keV) and plutonium (150-400 keV) are used to verify the unformity of the fuel enrichment zones and to check for any pellets that are out of specification. The fuel rod is moved through the interior of an NaI(Tl) or a bismuth germanate detector to measure the passive gamma-ray emissions. A tungsten sleeve collimator is used in the through-hole to improve the pellet-to-pellet spatial resolution. The same detector is used to verify the plutonium uniformity in the pellets with a 13-mm tungsten collimator. The low-resolution passive gamma system would be used in the unattended mode.
[Characteristics of multiresistant gram-negative bacteria and their occurrence at the Medical School Hospital in Olomouc]. (1996)

Currently, a persistent growth of bacterial resistance to antibiotics takes place. Multiresistant bacterial strains thus represent a serious danger for therapy in practice. The aim of the study was to characterize the multiresistant Gram-negative bacteria and to judge their antibiograms by using the minimum inhibition concentrations (MIC). At the same time the study evaluates the relations to the most frequent diagnoses and epidemiologic data concerning the occurrence of these strains in different clinical cases treated at individual departments of the Faculty Hospital in Olomouc. Out of the total of 4.988 strains of Gram-negative rods, the number of isolated multiresistant strains reached 316 (6.3%). Individual bacterial species were isolated in the following order: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (28.8%), Enterobacter cloacae (23.4%) and Acinetobacter Baumannii complex (Acb complex) (18.7%). The most frequent occurrence of investigated bacteria was registered at the departments in the following order: urology (45.9%), internal medicine (18%), paediatrics (13.6%), and surgery (11.1%). The most frequent diagnoses based on positive cultivation of these bacteria were the infections of the urogenital tract (53.8%), postoperative infections (16.8%), and the infections of the upper respiratory ducts (7.3%). 64.2% of strains were cultivated from urine, 16.1% from pus, and 6.9% from swabs taken from the upper respiratory ducts. (Tab. 8, Ref. 18.).
Progenitor Cells in Proximal Airway Epithelial Development and Regeneration (2014)

Multiple distinct epithelial domains are found throughout the airway that are distinguishable by location, structure, function, and cell-type composition. Several progenitor cell populations in the proximal airway have been identified to reside in confined microenvironmental niches including the submucosal glands (SMGs), which are embedded in the tracheal connective tissue between the surface epithelium and cartilage, and basal cells that reside within the surface airway epithelium (SAE). Current research suggests that regulatory pathways that coordinate development of the proximal airway and establishment of progenitor cell niches may overlap with pathways that control progenitor cell responses during airway regeneration following injury. SMGs have been shown to harbor epithelial progenitor cells, and this niche is dysregulated in diseases such as cystic fibrosis. However, mechanisms that regulate progenitor cell proliferation and maintenance within this glandular niche are not completely understood. Here we discuss glandular progenitor cells during development and regeneration of the proximal airway and compare properties of glandular progenitors to those of basal cell progenitors in the SAE. Further investigation into glandular progenitor cell control will provide a direction for interrogating therapeutic interventions to correct aberrant conditions affecting the SMGs in diseases such as cystic fibrosis, chronic bronchitis, and asthma.
Depoimento (1991)

Jornalista literário, portanto voltado mais para a informação do que para a crítica, percebo uma contradição entre, de um lado, a imensidão de um país como o Brasil, sua heterogeneidade manifesta na diversidade e na quantidade do que lá se escreve e publica e, de outro, o inexpressivo quadro a que isto se reduz na França. Não possuo o montante anual de traduções de livros brasileiros, mas suponho que é insignificante... No meu entender a contradição de que falo só pode levar a uma deformação,...
Shallow arc detection in disk surface images for disk forensics (2005)

In disk forensics application, the goal is to determine whether a particular floppy disk was recorded in a particular drive. This paper discusses how image processing is used to determine whether a disk was recorded in drive A or drive B. Microscope images of floppy disk surfaces are used to extract features. Each image exhibits tracks and gaps as parallel shallow arcs, and the track and gap widths are extracted as features. We apply an image processing method to the shallow arcs to extract their widths. The Hough transform (PVC Hough, 1962) and the concept of entropy are used to segment each arc, and a simple and unbiased parabola fitting is used to fit a circle to the arc segment. Results show this method extracts track and gap widths of real images successfully resulting in the two floppy drives being distinguishable.
On the Security of a User Equipment Registration Procedure in Femtocell-Enabled Networks (2020)

Mobile data traffic has been growing at an increasing rate with the popularity of smartphones, tablets, and other wireless devices. To reduce the load on the network, mobile network operators deploy femtocells to increase their coverage and performance and to eliminate wireless notspots. Femtocells are low-cost devices that connect a new femtocell network architecture to the core telecommunication network through a licensed spectrum and standardized interface protocols. In this paper, we first note that the user equipment registration procedure, which is defined in the 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project) standard, in a femtocellenabled network is vulnerable to denial-of-service attacks. We then propose a mechanism to defend against these attacks. For compatibility, the proposed mechanism makes use of the well-defined control message in the 3GPP standard and modifies the user equipment registration procedure as little as possible.
Tissue-specific modifier alleles determine Mertk loss-of-function traits (2022)

ABSTRACT Knockout (KO) mouse models play critical roles in elucidating biological processes behind disease-associated or disease-resistant traits. As a consequence of gene KO, mice display certain phenotypes. Based on insight into the molecular role of said gene in a biological process, it is inferred that the particular biological process causally underlies the trait. This approach has been crucial towards understanding the basis of pathological and/or advantageous traits associated with Mertk KO. MERTK is a receptor tyrosine kinase with a critical role in phagocytosis of apoptotic cells or cellular debris. Therefore, early-onset, severe retinal degeneration was described to be a direct consequence of failed phagocytosis of photoreceptor outer segments by retinal pigment epithelia. Similarly, enhanced anti-tumor immunity was inferred to result from the failure of macrophages to dispose cancer cell corpses, resulting in a pro-inflammatory tumor microenvironment. Here we report that the loss of Mertk alone is not sufficient for retinal degeneration. This trait only manifests when the function of the paralog Tyro3 is concomitantly lost. Additionally, the dramatic resistance against two syngeneic mouse tumor models observed in Mertk KO cannot, at least entirely, be ascribed to the loss of Mertk . The widely used Mertk KO carries multiple coincidental changes in its genome that affect the expression of a number of genes, including Tyro3 . Nonetheless, neither Tyro3 , nor macrophage phagocytosis by alternate genetic redundancy, accounts for the absence of anti-tumor immunity in two independent Mertk KOs. Collectively, our results indicate that context-dependent epistasis of independent modifier alleles determine Mertk KO traits.