gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel Analytical Method in Revealing the Solution Structure of Lithium-Ion Battery Electrolytes (2017)

Lithium-ion batteries have been widely applied in portable electronics due to its high energy density. [1] It is essential to improve the state-of-the-art LIBs, which are far from their maximum theoretical energy density, in order to power up electric vehicles. [2] Researchers have shown that the physiochemical properties, such as conductivity, electrochemical window and ability to form solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), depend on the solution structures of the electrolyte. [3] Thus, it is crucial to determine the solution structures of the electrolyte and the relative solvating ability of various solvents for designing advanced electrolyte systems. Novel method utilizing specific 2D-NMR technique was successfully developed to probe the solvation state of different electrolyte solvents. The result obtained by this technique agreed with the measurement by vibrational spectroscopy. Most importantly, unlike the vibrational spectroscopy measurement, this method can be easily applied to electrolyte system with two or more electrolyte solvents. For example, it is not impossible to determine the solvation state of a ternary-solvent electrolyte comprising EC, EMC and DMC by vibrational spectroscopy due to the severe overlapping of peaks. However, the solvation state can be easily determined with the new method developed. Therefore, this new technique provides an important experimental tool in examining the solvation state of different electrolyte solvents. Application of this newly developed technique in revealing the electrochemical performance of various electrolytes on Li-ion batteries will also be discussed. References: [1] (a) Tarascon, J.-M.; Armand, M., Issues and Challenges Facing Rechargeable Lithium Batteries. Nature 2001 , 414 , 359-367. (b) Armand, M.; Tarascon, J.-M., Building Better Batteries. Nature 2008 , 451 , 652-657. [2] Goodenough, J. B.; Park, K.-S., The Li-Ion Rechargeable Battery: A Perspective. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2013 , 135 , 1167-1176. [3] (a) Seo, D. M.; Reininger, S.; Kutcher, M.; Redmond, K.; Euler, W. B.; Lucht, B. L., Role of Mixed Solvation and Ion Pairing in the Solution Structure of Lithium Ion Battery Electrolytes. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 2015 , 119 (25), 14038-14046. (b) Xu, K., Electrolytes and interphases in Li-ion batteries and beyond. Chemical reviews 2014, 114 (23), 11503-618.
Joint analyses of human milk fatty acids, phospholipids, and choline in association with cognition and temperament traits during the first 6 months of life (2022)

Early dietary exposure <i>via</i> human milk nutrients offers a window of opportunity to support cognitive and temperament development. While several studies have focused on associations of few pre-selected human milk nutrients with cognition and temperament, it is highly plausible that human milk nutrients synergistically and jointly support cognitive and behavioral development in early life. We aimed to discern the combined associations of three major classes of human milk nutrients with cognition and temperament during the first 6 months of life when human milk is the primary source of an infant's nutrition and explore whether there were persistent effects up to 18 months old. The Mullen Scales of Early Learning and Infant Behavior Questionnaires-Revised were used to assess cognition and temperament, respectively, of 54 exclusively/predominantly breastfed infants in the first 6 months of life, whose follow-ups were conducted at 6-9, 9-12, and 12-18 months old. Human milk samples were obtained from the mothers of the participants at less than 6 months of age and analyzed for fatty acids [total monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acid, total saturated fatty acid (TSFA), arachidonic acid (ARA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), ARA/DHA, omega-6/omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ratio (n-6/n-3)], phospholipids [phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylinositol (PI), sphingomyelin], and choline [free choline, phosphocholine (PCho), glycerophosphocholine]. Feature selection was performed to select nutrients associated with cognition and temperament. The combined effects of selected nutrients were analyzed using multiple regression. A positive association between the arachidonic acid (ARA) and surgency was observed (<i>p</i> = 0.024). A significant effect of DHA, n-6/n-3, PE, and TSFA concentrations on receptive language (<i>R</i> <sup>2</sup> = 0.39, <i>p</i> = 0.025) and the elevated ARA, PCho, and PI with increased surgency (<i>R</i> <sup>2</sup> = 0.43, <i>p</i> = 0.003) was identified, suggesting that DHA and ARA may have distinct roles for temperament and language functions. Furthermore, the exploratory association analyses suggest that the effects of human milk nutrients on R.L. and surgency may persist beyond the first 6 months of life, particularly surgency at 12-18 months (<i>p</i> = 0.002). Our study highlighted that various human milk nutrients work together to support the development of cognition and temperament traits during early infancy.
Borehole‐guided long offset AVO processing for improved lithology classification (1998)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1998Borehole‐guided long offset AVO processing for improved lithology classificationAuthors: W. Scott LeaneyRune R. HopeW. Scott LeaneySchlumberger and Rune R. HopeTotalhttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1820385 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1820385FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByReferences2 October 2014 SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1998ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1998 Pages: 2092 publication data© 1998 Copyright © 1998 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished: 06 Jan 2005 CITATION INFORMATION W. Scott Leaney and Rune R. Hope, (1998), "Borehole‐guided long offset AVO processing for improved lithology classification," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 230-233. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1820385 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Inhibition of neo‐intimal hyperplasia in porcine coronary arteries utilizing a novel paclitaxel‐coated scoring balloon catheter (2013)

A novel paclitaxel-coated SB leads to a significant inhibition of neointimal proliferation in the porcine coronary model.
C5a stimulates secretion of tumor necrosis factor from human mononuclear cells in vitro. Comparison with secretion of interleukin 1 beta and interleukin 1 alpha. (1988)

We have demonstrated that purified C5a is a potent stimulus to human PBMC secretion of TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, and IL-1 alpha, which proceeds in a dose-dependent fashion. At a given concentration of C5a, TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta secretion did not differ significantly; both were secreted in significantly greater quantity than IL-1 alpha. Clinical conditions such as Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial infections, trauma, and immune complex diseases activate complement. Through the mediation of TNF and IL-1 secreted in response to C5a, these diverse disorders can share common features of fever, coagulopathy, acute phase protein production, and disordered metabolism.
Fast matrix multiplication via compiler‐only layered data reorganization and intrinsic lowering (2023)

Abstract The resurgence of machine learning has increased the demand for high‐performance basic linear algebra subroutines (BLAS), which have long depended on libraries to achieve peak performance on commodity hardware. High‐performance BLAS implementations rely on a layered approach that consists of tiling and packing layers—for data (re)organization—and micro kernels that perform the actual computations. The algorithm for the tiling and packing layers is target independent but is parameterized to the memory hierarchy and register‐file size. The creation of high‐performance micro kernels requires significant development effort to write tailored assembly code for each architecture. This hand optimization task is complicated by the recent introduction of matrix engines by 's (Matrix Multiply Assist—MMA), (Advanced Matrix eXtensions—AMX), and (Matrix Extensions—ME) to deliver high‐performance matrix operations. This article presents a compiler‐only alternative to the use of high‐performance libraries by incorporating, to the best of our knowledge and for the first time, the automatic generation of the layered approach into LLVM, a production compiler. Modular design of the algorithm, such as the use of LLVM's matrix‐multiply intrinsic for a clear interface between the tiling and packing layers and the micro kernel, makes it easy to retarget the code generation to multiple accelerators. The parameterization of the tiling and packing layers is demonstrated in the generation of code for the MMA unit on IBM's POWER10. This article also describes an algorithm that lowers the matrix‐multiply intrinsic to the MMA unit. The use of intrinsics enables a comprehensive performance study. In processors without hardware matrix engines, the tiling and packing delivers performance up to (Intel)—for small matrices—and more than (POWER9)—for large matrices—faster than PLuTo, a widely used polyhedral optimizer. The performance also approaches high‐performance libraries and is only slower than OpenBLAS and on‐par with Eigen for large matrices. With MMA in POWER10 this solution is, for large matrices, over faster the vector‐extension solution, matches Eigen performance, and achieves up to of BLAS peak performance.
3D high viscosity jetting of functional materials (2016)

Inkjet printing is one of the most suitable technologies to produce multi-material and multi-layered printed electronics due to its scalability, the wide range of substrates that it can accept and the possibility of mixing and combining numerous fluids in a single process. However, restrictions in material properties such as viscosity, typically below 25 mPa&#xB7;s, limit the molecular weight of usable polymers and the solid content of inks. In some cases, this leads to volumetric shrinkage, longer post-process treatments and poor performance. Therefore, a high viscosity approach would widen the material catalogue for printed electronics without compromising the advantages of inkjet. In this work, drop-on-demand micro-dispensing valves that combine mechanic and pneumatic actuation were used to create 2D patterns and 3D structures of a conductive and non-Newtonian carbon paint. The combination of this functional material with a non-conductive photo-curable resin allowed the creation of more complex 3D geometries using the layer-by-layer approach typical from Additive Manufacturing. Printing parameters such as pneumatic pressure, valve closing speed, resolution and drying time are studied and optimised to produce multi-layered tracks, self-standing pillars and a functional demonstrator featuring a printed capacitive switch and an embedded commercial LED.
Deep Double Sparsity Encoder: Learning to Sparsify Not Only Features But Also Parameters (2016)

This paper emphasizes the significance to jointly exploit the problem structure and the parameter structure, in the context of deep modeling. As a specific and interesting example, we describe the deep double sparsity encoder (DDSE), which is inspired by the double sparsity model for dictionary learning. DDSE simultaneously sparsities the output features and the learned model parameters, under one unified framework. In addition to its intuitive model interpretation, DDSE also possesses compact model size and low complexity. Extensive simulations compare DDSE with several carefully-designed baselines, and verify the consistently superior performance of DDSE. We further apply DDSE to the novel application domain of brain encoding, with promising preliminary results achieved.
Coccidiosis: recent advancements in the immunobiology of Eimeria species, preventive measures, and the importance of vaccination as a control tool against these Apicomplexan parasites (2014)

Coccidiosis, caused by parasites of the genus <i>Eimeria</i>, is probably the most expensive parasitic disease of poultry. Species of <i>Eimeria</i> are ubiquitous where poultry are raised and are known to cause drastic reductions in performance and induce mortality, thereby affecting the overall health status of poultry. Chemotherapy has been the predominant form of disease control for many years, even though vaccination is steadily gaining importance as a feasible control method. The objective of this review is to highlight recent advancements in understanding the role of host immunity against coccidiosis. In addition, pros and cons associated with chemotherapy and the role of vaccination as an increasingly popular disease control method are discussed. Finally, the role played by recombinant vaccines as a potential vaccination tool is highlighted. With interest growing rapidly in understanding host-parasite biology, recent developments in designing recombinant vaccines and potential epitopes that have shown promise are mentioned.
PHARMACOLOGIC ENHANCEMENT OF RAT SKIN FLAP SURVIVAL (2005)

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 115(7):p 2145, June 2005. | DOI: 10.1097/01.PRS.0000165467.75839.CA
Lessons Learned from In-Person Conferences in the Times of COVID-19 (2022)

Scientific societies and conference secretariats have recently resumed in-person meetings after a long pause owing to the COVID-19 pandemic. Some safety measures continue to be implemented at these in-person events to limit the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). With increased numbers of waves of infection, caused by the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants, additional information is needed to ensure maximal safety at in-person events. The MEX-DART case study was conducted at the in-person Hep-DART 2021 conference, which was held in Los Cabos, Mexico, in December 2021. Many COVID-19 safety measures were implemented, and incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection during the conference was tested onsite. In this study, we highlight the specific conditions and safety measures set in place at the conference. In addition to vaccination requirements, social distancing, and mask wearing, daily rapid testing was implemented for the duration of the conference. At the end of the 4-day meeting, none of the 166 delegates (and family members attending the conference) had tested antigen positive for SARS-CoV-2. Two delegates tested positive in the week after the conference; the timing of their positive test result suggests that they contracted the virus during their travels home or during postconference vacationing. We believe that this model can serve as a helpful template for organizing future in-person meetings in the era of COVID-19 and any other respiratory virus pandemics of the future. While the outcomes of this case study are encouraging, seasonal surges in respiratory virus infections such as SARS-CoV-2, RSV, and influenza virus incidence suggest that continued caution is warranted.
Effect of wind-generated surface waves on vertical coherence of sound propagation in the East China Sea (2006)

Literature has shown that wind-generated surface waves are an important factor in determining the spatial coherence of long-range sound propagation [Kuperman and Ingenito, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 113, 1178–1187 (1977); Zhou et al., J. Acout. Soc. Am. 115, 2550 (2004)]. During the ASIAEX in the East China Sea, wind speed and the rms waveheight were recorded between 29 May and 7 June along with acoustic measurements of broadband explosive sources. The rms surface waveheight varied between 0.1–0.6 m during the acoustic measurements. This paper analyzes the characteristics of vertical coherence of sound propagation under the influence of these surface waves. A model is built to explain observed characteristics of vertical coherence which incorporates coring analysis in the ASIAEX area. [Work supported by ONR.]
GaS0.4Se0.6: Relevant properties and potential for 1064 nm pumped mid-IR OPOs and OPGs operating above 5 μm (2011)

We present measurements of the transparency, refractive index dispersion, nonlinear coefficient, damage threshold, and two-photon absorption of mixed GaS x Se1 − x crystals and show that GaS0.4Se0.6 is a promising nonlinear material for down conversion of pulsed 1064 nm radiation to the mid-IR above 5 μm without significant two-photon absorption.
Power Augmentation for Turbocharged Engines by Using a Pulse Combustor (1989)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In this paper a new method is proposed for improving the performance of turbocharged internal combustion engines. By using a pressure gain combustor downstream of the turbine it is possible to boost the net power of the engine under full load condition, improve the transient characteristics and improve the pollutant emissions level, particularly during transients. The improvement in performance is relatively significant at part load and/or low speed conditions. However, there is a significant penalty in specific fuel consumption. A parametric study is presented to illustrate gains that can be realized with this method.&lt;/div&gt;
Supercritical carbon dioxide as reaction medium for selective hydrogenation of fluorinated arenes (2022)

The selective hydrogenation of fluorinated arenes with polar functionalities to valuable fluorinated cyclohexanes is achieved using supercritical CO 2 as solvent in combination with Rh NPs immobilized on molecularly modified silica as catalysts.
Lipid nanoparticle formulation of niclosamide (nano NCM) effectively inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro (2021)

As exemplified by the COVID-19 pandemic, highly infective respiratory viruses can spread rapidly in the population because of lack of effective approaches to control viral replication and spread. Niclosamide (NCM) is an old anthelminthic drug (World Health Organization essential medicine list) with pleiotropic pharmacological activities. Several recent publications demonstrated that NCM has broad antiviral activities and potently inhibits viral replication, including replication of SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and dengue viruses. Unfortunately, NCM is almost completely insoluble in water, which limits its clinical use. We developed a cost-effective lipid nanoparticle formulation of NCM (nano NCM) using only FDA-approved excipient and demonstrated potency against SARS-CoV-2 infection in cells (Vero E6 and ACE2-expressing lung epithelium cells).
Purification and removal of the low molecular weight fraction of polyDADMAC reduces N-nitrosodimethylamine formation during water treatment (2020)

Residual organics in cationic polymer contribute disproportionately to NDMA formation, but can be removed through polymer purification.
E-band neodymium-doped fiber amplifier: model and application (2019)

To analyze recent experiments with a Nd 3+ fiber amplifier operating in the E-band of wavelengths (1350-1450 nm), we develop a time-dependent model consisting of rate equations for the ion populations and radiation intensities along the amplifier axis.Both copropagating and counterpropagating intensities, including ASE, are incorporated.The wavelength-dependent cross section for excited state absorption is inferred from auxiliary measurements.Steady-state solutions are obtained over a range of seed wavelengths and powers.The resulting gain curves agree with experiment at low to intermediate powers (less than ~1 mW).With a proposed addition to the system loss, the agreement extends to saturation (~ 100 mW).
Wet etching of GaN grown by molecular beam epitaxy on Si(111) (2000)

A wet etching method for GaN and AlxGa1-xN, based on aqueous solutions of KOH, is presented. A detailed analysis of the etching rate dependence with temperature and concentration is described. This etching has been used for the fabrication of high optical quality pyramidal nanostructures in wurtzite N-face GaN grown on AlN-buffered Si(111) substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. These nanostructures have been studied by high-resolution transmission and scanning electron microscopy and their optical quality has been analysed by low-temperature photoluminescence (PL) measurements. The pyramids are parallel to the basal plane and limited by {111} planes and its presence improves the overall PL response of the sample. The relationship between the polarity of GaN and the characteristics of the AlN buffer has also been analysed.
Radiation-resistance characteristics of fluorine-doped silica fiber (1994)

Recently, applications of pure-silica-core optical fibers have been widely expanded in various fields, such as medicine and industry, because of these fibers’ high transmittance in ultraviolet region and their strong radiation resistance.
Model of Schottky junction admittance taking into account incomplete impurity ionization and large-signal effects (2002)

A general model for the Schottky junction reverse bias admittance is created. The model takes into account incomplete impurity ionization and does not rely on the small-signal approximation, so that impurity rate equations are not linearized. The model is valid at arbitrary temperatures for an arbitrary periodic bias amplitude and harmonic content as long as the free-carrier relaxation time is much shorter than the bias period. Impurity ionization is treated in the framework of the Shockley-Read-Hall statistics; free-carrier distribution is assumed to be an equilibrium one. The model allows calculation of the junction potential distribution and thus the junction transfer function and admittance. Junction admittance is calculated for different ac bias amplitudes and the results are compared with the data obtained from the small-signal model. It is shown that the model fits experimental junction admittance more accurately than the small-signal model when the ac component of the potential is large with respect to the thermal potential ${k}_{B}T/q.$
Entropy of Uremia and Dialysis Technology (2013)

The second law of thermodynamics applies with local exceptions to patient history and therapy interventions. Living things preserve their low level of entropy throughout time because they receive energy from their surroundings in the form of food. They gain their order at the expense of disordering the nutrients they consume. Death is the thermodynamically favored state: it represents a large increase in entropy as molecular structure yields to chaos. The kidney is an organ dissipating large amounts of energy to maintain the level of entropy of the organism as low as possible. Diseases, and in particular uremia, represent conditions of rapid increase in entropy. Therapeutic strategies are oriented towards a reduction in entropy or at least a decrease in the speed of entropy increase. Uremia is a process accelerating the trend towards randomness and disorder (increase in entropy). Dialysis is a factor external to the patient that tends to reduce the level of entropy caused by kidney disease. Since entropy can only increase in closed systems, energy and work must be spent to limit the entropy of uremia. This energy should be adapted to the system (patient) and be specifically oriented and personalized. This includes a multidimensional effort to achieve an adequate dialysis that goes beyond small molecular weight solute clearance. It includes a biological plan for recovery of homeostasis and a strategy towards long-term rehabilitation of the patient. Such objectives can be achieved with a combination of technology and innovation to answer specific questions that are still present after 60 years of dialysis history. This change in the individual bioentropy may represent a local exception to natural trends as the patient could be considered an isolated universe responding to the classic laws of thermodynamics.