gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inactivation of monoamine oxidase by allylamine does not result in flavin attachment. (1985)

[1-3H]Allylamine was synthesized by sodium boro[3H]hydride reduction of acrolein followed by direct conversion of the [1-3H]allyl alcohol to N-allylphthalimide with triphenylphosphine, diethylazodicarboxylate, and phthalimide. The protecting group was removed with hydrazine. Inactivation of beef liver mitochondrial monoamine oxidase with [1-3H]allylamine led to incorporation of 1-6 eq of inactivator/active site depending upon the length of incubation time. Inactivation and radioactivity incorporation coincided; however, after 1 eq of tritium was incorporated and 5% enzyme activity remained, additional radioactivity continued to become incorporated into the enzyme. The optical spectrum of the FAD coenzyme changed during inactivation from that of oxidized to reduced flavin. Following dialysis of the inactivated enzyme, the spectrum remained reduced, but denaturation in urea rapidly resulted in reoxidation of the flavin. Under these same denaturing conditions, 96% of the radioactivity associated with the enzyme remained bound, therefore indicating that allylamine attachment is not to the flavin coenzyme but rather to an active site amino acid residue. The adduct also was stable to base and, to a lesser degree, acid treatment. Although allylamine and N-cyclopropylbenzylamine appear to be oxidized by monoamine oxidase to give 3-(amino acid residue) propanal adducts, two different amino acids seem to be involved because of a difference in stability of the adducts. The mechanisms for inactivation of monoamine oxidase by allylamine and reactivation by benzylamine are discussed in relation to previously reported results.
Tailoring Food Biopolymers into Biogels for Regenerative Wound Healing and Versatile Skin Bioelectronics (2023)

An increasing utilization of wound-related therapeutic materials and skin bioelectronics urges the development of multifunctional biogels for personal therapy and health management. Nevertheless, conventional dressings and skin bioelectronics with single function, mechanical mismatches, and impracticality severely limit their widespread applications in clinical. Herein, we explore a gelling mechanism, fabrication method, and functionalization for broadly applicable food biopolymers-based biogels that unite the challenging needs of elastic yet injectable wound dressing and skin bioelectronics in a single system. We combine our biogels with functional nanomaterials, such as cuttlefish ink nanoparticles and silver nanowires, to endow the biogels with reactive oxygen species scavenging capacity and electrical conductivity, and finally realized the improvement in diabetic wound microenvironment and the monitoring of electrophysiological signals on skin. This line of research work sheds light on preparing food biopolymers-based biogels with multifunctional integration of wound treatment and smart medical treatment.
Design of Cobalt–Amine Complex as an Efficient Structure-Directing Agent for One-Pot Synthesis of Co-SSZ-13 Zeolite (2021)

The selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxide with methane (CH4–SCR) has been considered as an alternative technology for the simultaneous removal of NOx and CH4, and one of the efficient catalysts for this reaction is Co-exchanged SSZ-13 (Co-SSZ-13) zeolite catalyst. However, the preparation of the Co-SSZ-13 zeolite catalyst is costly due to the use of an expensive organic template and Co exchange. We demonstrate here the design of a low-cost cobalt–amine complex (Co–DETA) as a novel structure-directing agent (SDA) for the one-pot synthesis of Co-SSZ-13 zeolite with the assistance of theoretical calculations. Physicochemical characterizations including X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, N2 sorption, and magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance show that the Co-SSZ-13 zeolite has good crystallinity, a cubic morphology, a high surface area, and four-coordinated aluminum species. Furthermore, thermogravimetry–differential thermal analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and diffuse reflectance ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy confirm that the Co–DETA complex acts as a SDA for the synthesis of Co-SSZ-13 zeolite. More importantly, the Co-SSZ-13 zeolite exhibits good catalytic performance in the CH4–SCR reaction with 10% H2O in the feed gas stream. The efficient and facile synthesis of Co-SSZ-13 zeolite plus its good catalytic performance might offer a good opportunity for its industrial applications in the future.
Highly sensitive photoalignment of liquid crystals through polarization preserved triplet energy transfer (2004)

Highly sensitive photoalignment of liquid crystals (LCs) can be realized by the polarization preserved triplet energy transfer from doped sensitizers to cinnamate side chains of a photocrosslinkable polymer. Linearly polarized irradiation of sensitizer-doped polymer films with 365nm light for selective excitation of the triplet photosensitizer gives rise to azimuthal photodichroism of cinnamates as a result of nanometric triplet energy transfer process preserving the polarization state of triplet-excited photosensitizer. This phenomenon is applicable to the surface-assisted orientational photocontrol of nematic LCs with high performance of extremely low exposure energies.
Advanced Quantizer Designs for FD-MIMO Systems Using Uniform Planar Arrays (2016)

Uniform planar antenna (UPA) structures are expected to become popular for massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems because they enable deployment of a large number of antennas in limited space. In frequency division duplexing (FDD) systems, quantized channel state information (CSI) should be fed back from users to base stations to make adaptive transmission possible. However, it is difficult to accurately quantize massive MIMO channels due to their large dimensions. In this paper, we propose practical CSI quantizers for full-dimension (FD) MIMO systems employing UPAs. We focus on quantizing and combining dominant beams in channels by keeping realistic channel properties and antenna structures into account. To scan a channel space, we also develop a multi-round beam search approach. Numerical results verify that the proposed quantizers show better quantization performance than the previous channel quantization techniques.
Pulse Width Modulation for Fronthaul in a Broadband-Seeded RSOA WDM PON (2016)

Pulse width modulation (PWM) can support centralized radio access networks in analog optical fronthaul, avoiding the bandwidth expansion of the digital fronthaul. The PWM encodes the analog samples at the transmitter onto the duration of the on-off-keyed optical signal, splitting the sampling and quantization of the radio signal between remote radio units (RRUs) and baseband units (BBU). In-between the PWM encoded signal is transmitted over a novel wavelength-division-multiplexed passive optical network (WDM PON) architecture, exploiting broadband-seeded reflective semiconductor optical amplifiers in a polarization retracing circuit, which is resilient to Rayleigh scattering impairments. Multiple RRU-to-BBU links are supported through virtual point-to-point connections based on the wavelength resource. We demonstrate the performance of the proposed PWM-based colorless self-tuning WDM PON supporting the fronthaul of 100-MHz RF signals up to 20-km transmission over standard single mode fiber for 30 WDM channels.
Regulation of adipose branched-chain amino acid catabolism enzyme expression and cross-adipose amino acid flux in human obesity (2013)

Elevated blood branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) are often associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, which might result from a reduced cellular utilization and/or incomplete BCAA oxidation. White adipose tissue (WAT) has become appreciated as a potential player in whole body BCAA metabolism. We tested if expression of the mitochondrial BCAA oxidation checkpoint, branched-chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase (BCKD) complex, is reduced in obese WAT and regulated by metabolic signals. WAT BCKD protein (E1α subunit) was significantly reduced by 35-50% in various obesity models (fa/fa rats, db/db mice, diet-induced obese mice), and BCKD component transcripts significantly lower in subcutaneous (SC) adipocytes from obese vs. lean Pima Indians. Treatment of 3T3-L1 adipocytes or mice with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ agonists increased WAT BCAA catabolism enzyme mRNAs, whereas the nonmetabolizable glucose analog 2-deoxy-d-glucose had the opposite effect. The results support the hypothesis that suboptimal insulin action and/or perturbed metabolic signals in WAT, as would be seen with insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes, could impair WAT BCAA utilization. However, cross-tissue flux studies comparing lean vs. insulin-sensitive or insulin-resistant obese subjects revealed an unexpected negligible uptake of BCAA from human abdominal SC WAT. This suggests that SC WAT may not be an important contributor to blood BCAA phenotypes associated with insulin resistance in the overnight-fasted state. mRNA abundances for BCAA catabolic enzymes were markedly reduced in omental (but not SC) WAT of obese persons with metabolic syndrome compared with weight-matched healthy obese subjects, raising the possibility that visceral WAT contributes to the BCAA metabolic phenotype of metabolically compromised individuals.
Workspace boundaries of in-parallel manipulator systems (1991)

An important design consideration in an in-parallel system is the reachable workspace of a reference point chosen on the end-effector. When a point is at its workspace boundary, it does not have a velocity component along the outward normal to the boundary. Starting from this simple intuition, the author determines the configurations of an in-parallel system in which the velocity of a reference point satisfies this property. Among these configurations are also the ones in which the reference point is at the boundary of the workspace. In this paper, the in-parallel systems are analyzed based on instantaneous properties of series chains as derived from the theory of screw systems. The conditions of existence of the boundary configurations are given in terms of conditions on a special screw system associated with the end-effector.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Cross-propagating beam-deflection measurements of third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility (2017)

We extend our recently developed Beam-Deflection (BD) method which we used to determine the sign, magnitude, and ultrafast dynamics of bound electronic and nuclear nonlinear optical responses, to measure elements of the third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility tensor with longitudinal field components. In these measurements, in contrast to the conventional BD technique where excitation and probe beams are nearly collinear, the interaction geometry involves orthogonal propagation of excitation and probe beams. This cross-propagating BD method enables probing with the electric field polarized parallel to the wavevector of the excitation beam as well as conventional parallel and perpendicular polarizations as in most other experimental methods. This technique may be of use in detecting possible magneto-electric contributions to the nonlinear susceptibility. The ratio between parallel and perpendicular bound-electronic responses in this method is shown to be larger than the factor of 3 predicted by theory and measured in the conventional configuration.
Immersion graded index optics: theory, design, and prototypes (2022)

Immersion optics enable creation of systems with improved optical concentration and coupling by taking advantage of the fact that the luminance of light is proportional to the square of the refractive index in a lossless optical system. Immersion graded index optical concentrators, that do not need to track the source, are described in terms of theory, simulations, and experiments. We introduce a generalized design guide equation which follows the Pareto function and can be used to create various immersion graded index optics depending on the application requirements of concentration, refractive index, height, and efficiency. We present glass and polymer fabrication techniques for creating broadband transparent graded index materials with large refractive index ranges, (refractive index ratio)<sup>2</sup> of ~2, going many fold beyond what is seen in nature or the optics industry. The prototypes demonstrate 3x optical concentration with over 90% efficiency. We report via functional prototypes that graded-index-lens concentrators perform close to the theoretical maximum limit and we introduce simple, inexpensive, design-flexible, and scalable fabrication techniques for their implementation.
The Case for an Unblinded Modeler in Early Clinical Development (2019)

The current trend for clinical pharmacology is toward more complex studies (eg, umbrella protocols covering single and multiple ascending doses, food effect, metabolism pathways), requiring many decisions to be made during their conduct. This article discusses guidance of such early clinical studies by modeling and simulation. The ability to make use of all available information each time new data become available during the study requires the modeling scientist to be unblinded. This must of course not jeopardize the blinding of the clinical team, and this article discusses how unblinding can be prevented. Although modeling and simulation are established for guidance of the drug development process overall, they are not frequently used for guidance on a small scale, that is, during studies with the largest uncertainty, the first-in-human studies. Application of a quantitative model backbone makes early clinical drug development a more efficient process and provides additional safety for healthy subjects and patients. Real clinical impact is illustrated by 3 case studies that show different contributions from unblinded modeling: dose escalation based on safety data, modeling and predicting with explicit incorporation of in vitro data, and dose escalation supported by unblinded analysis of adverse event data, which resulted in new insights of the clinical team without being unblinded and made it possible to proceed with dose escalation and to extend the study with an up-titration group.
Thermal degradation and theoretical analysis of amorphous oxide thin-film transistor (2013)

We have investigated the thermal distribution of an InSnZnO TFT under various gate and drain voltages by using an infrared imaging system and device simulation. An asymmetrical thermal distribution was observed at a local drain region in a TFT depending on bias stress. These phenomena were decelerated or accelerated with stress time. We proposed the degradation model combining Joule heating and the hot carrier effect. To validate the model, we performed device simulation to obtain the distribution of electric field and Joule heating. From the rapid band bending at drain edge under high drain voltage, we demonstrated the possibility of impact ionization.
Chelating Rare-Earth Metals (Ln3+) and 225Ac3+ with the Dual-Size-Selective Macrocyclic Ligand Py2-Macrodipa (2022)

Radioisotopes of metallic elements, or radiometals, are widely employed in both therapeutic and diagnostic nuclear medicine. For this application, chelators that efficiently bind the radiometal of interest and form a stable metal-ligand complex with it are required. Toward the development of new chelators for nuclear medicine, we recently reported a novel class of 18-membered macrocyclic chelators that is characterized by their ability to form stable complexes with both large and small rare-earth metals (Ln<sup>3+</sup>), a property referred to as dual size selectivity. A specific chelator in this class called py-macrodipa, which contains one pyridyl group within its macrocyclic core, was established as a promising candidate for <sup>135</sup>La<sup>3+</sup>, <sup>213</sup>Bi<sup>3+</sup>, and <sup>44</sup>Sc<sup>3+</sup> chelation. Building upon this prior work, here we report the synthesis and characterization of a new chelator called py<sub>2</sub>-macrodipa with two pyridyl units fused into the macrocyclic backbone. Its coordination chemistry with the Ln<sup>3+</sup> series was investigated by NMR spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography, density functional theory (DFT) calculations, analytical titrations, and transchelation assays. These studies reveal that py<sub>2</sub>-macrodipa retains the expected dual size selectivity and possesses an enhanced thermodynamic affinity for all Ln<sup>3+</sup> compared to py-macrodipa. By contrast, the kinetic stability of Ln<sup>3+</sup> complexes with py<sub>2</sub>-macrodipa is only improved for the light, large Ln<sup>3+</sup> ions. Based upon these observations, we further assessed the suitability of py<sub>2</sub>-macrodipa for use with <sup>225</sup>Ac<sup>3+</sup>, a large radiometal with valuable properties for targeted α therapy. Radiolabeling and stability studies revealed py<sub>2</sub>-macrodipa to efficiently incorporate <sup>225</sup>Ac<sup>3+</sup> and to form a complex that is inert in human serum over 3 weeks. Although py<sub>2</sub>-macrodipa does not surpass the state-of-the-art chelator macropa for <sup>225</sup>Ac<sup>3+</sup> chelation, it does provide another effective <sup>225</sup>Ac<sup>3+</sup> chelator. These studies shed light on the fundamental coordination chemistry of the Ln<sup>3+</sup> series and may inspire future chelator design efforts.
Therapeutic potential of intranasal photobiomodulation therapy for neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders: a narrative review (2019)

The application of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) for neuronal stimulation is studied in different animal models and in humans, and has shown to improve cerebral metabolic activity and blood flow, and provide neuroprotection via anti-inflammatory and antioxidant pathways. Recently, intranasal PBMT (i-PBMT) has become an attractive and potential method for the treatment of brain conditions. Herein, we provide a summary of different intranasal light delivery approaches including a nostril-based portable method and implanted deep-nasal methods for the effective systemic or direct irradiation of the brain. Nostril-based i-PBMT devices are available, using either lasers or light emitting diodes (LEDs), and can be applied either alone or in combination to transcranial devices (the latter applied directly to the scalp) to treat a wide range of brain conditions such as mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, cerebrovascular diseases, depression and anxiety as well as insomnia. Evidence shows that nostril-based i-PBMT improves blood rheology and cerebral blood flow, so that, without needing to puncture blood vessels, i-PBMT may have equivalent results to a peripheral intravenous laser irradiation procedure. Up to now, no studies were conducted to implant PBMT light sources deep within the nose in a clinical setting, but simulation studies suggest that deep-nasal PBMT via cribriform plate and sphenoid sinus might be an effective method to deliver light to the ventromedial part of the prefrontal and orbitofrontal cortex. Home-based i-PBMT, using inexpensive LED applicators, has potential as a novel approach for neurorehabilitation; comparative studies also testing sham, and transcranial PBMT are warranted.
STRONG MODE COUPLING INDUCED IN A GAS LASER BY AN INTRACAVITY SATURABLE ABSORBING MEDIUM (1968)

Although gas lasers generally operate in the weak mode-coupling regime, one may induce strong coupling, hence single-moding, by means of a saturable absorbing medium placed within the resonator. The effect occurs under conditions where, although the linear gain of the amplifier cell may exceed the linear loss of the absorption cell, the absorber may saturate more heavily than the amplifier. The analysis, based on the coupled energy-balance equations, indicates that the power in the surviving mode may be considerably enhanced.
Hippo pathway in lung development (2017)

The mammalian lung is a highly branched organ for oxygen exchange with carbon dioxide in the cardiovascular system. Multiple signaling pathways, including the Wnt, bone morphogenetic protein (Bmp), and fibroblast growth factor (Fgf) pathways, are implicated in regulating lung specification, branching and patterning (1).
Supplementary Figure 5 from Proteasome Inhibition Causes Regression of Leukemia and Abrogates BCR-ABL–Induced Evasion of Apoptosis in Part through Regulation of Forkhead Tumor Suppressors (2023)

Supplementary Figure 5 from Proteasome Inhibition Causes Regression of Leukemia and Abrogates BCR-ABL–Induced Evasion of Apoptosis in Part through Regulation of Forkhead Tumor Suppressors
Inversion of Pattern Anisotropy During CO Oxidation on Pt(110) Correlated with Appearance of Subsurface Oxygen (2012)

Spatiotemporal patterns occurring during the catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide on Pt(110) show a strong anisotropy due to differences in the diffusion coefficients along the two major crystallographic axes of the catalyst: Reaction waves propagating parallel to the missing rows of the reconstructed Pt surface are much faster than reaction waves propagating in the perpendicular direction. In this Article, we report on the observation that, as a function of the exposure to reactant gases, the propagation velocities on the Pt surface change drastically, resulting in a complete reversal of the anisotropy. This observation is correlated with the appearance of subsurface oxygen in photoemission electron microscopic images of the reaction patterns.
Establishing Global Programs Across a College of Engineering and Technology: A Dean's Perspective (2016)

The center provides oversight for leadership development and international activities within the
Profile of polyunsaturated fatty acids produced by Thraustochytrium sp. KK17‐3 (2001)

Abstract More than 300 strains of microorganisms producing polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were newly isolated from coastal seawater in the Seto Inland Sea and around Iriomote Island, Japan, by the baiting method. The profiles of PUFA from docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)‐producing strains could be classified into four types. A strain, named KK17‐3, was chosen for further study owing to its high DHA content (52.1% of total fatty acid) and wide range of PUFA (76.1%) including arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic, and docosapentaenoic acids as well as DHA. Glucose and tryptone were the optimal carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively, in a medium with salinity at 75% that of seawater. The PUFA contents in polar lipids (22.1% of total lipid), in which the DHA content was 39.3%, were higher than those in neutral lipids and glycolipids. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of 18S rRNA gene sequences showed KK17‐3 to be a thraustochytrid. It also was observed to possess a life cycle composed of vegetative cells without successive bipartition, zoosporangium, and zoospore stage. Classification by the chemotaxonomic criterion based on PUFA compositions also supported this assignment.