gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Scanning Techniques For Optical Data Storage (1987)

It seems almost paradoxical that beams of light can be moved and steered at very high speeds using a variety of scanning methods, yet the optical disk drives now being designed and marketed for data storage applications have comparatively long access times. Knowing that optical data storage has unrealized potential is of interest, but of more immediate concern is the recognition that poor access performance is a serious design issue. Magnetic disk drives offer average seek times in the 15-25ms range, compared to about 80-500ms (or more, for CD ROMS) for current optical drives. This performance disparity exists, in part, because the relatively massive &quot;optical heads&quot; in use today cannot be transported across the radius of a disk as quickly as a stack of much lighter magnetic heads. Any potential distance advantage that the optical drive might have, due to its substantially higher track density, is offset by the magnetic drive&apos;s use of a multi-disk stack. As a result, the drive must achieve similar radial accelerations during seeks if it is to have similar average access times. The inability of current optical drives to approach the access speeds of comparable magnetic drives significantly reduces the competitiveness of optical products in major segments of the very large data storage market. This shortcoming is especially disturbing when we know that opto-mechanical scanners typically operate in the 1-10ms range and that non-mechanical scanning techniques can be substantially faster than that.
The Target Receptor Siglec-3 (CD33) Is Expressed on AML Stem Cells in a Majority of All Patients with AML. (2005)

Abstract The cell surface antigen Siglec-3 = CD33 is becoming increasingly important as target of therapy in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In particular, a conjugate consisting of the humanized CD33 antibody P67.6 (gemtuzumab) and the cytostatic drug calicheamicin has been developed for clinical use and was found to work as an effective antileukemic agent (Mylotarg®) in patients with CD33+ AML. In normal myelopoiesis, expression of CD33 is restricted to advanced stages of differentiation, whereas primitive stem cells do not express CD33 (Siglec-3). In line with this notion, CD33-targeting therapy is a non-myeloablative approach. In the present study, we asked whether leukemic stem cells in patients with AML express CD33. For this purpose, a multicolor-staining technique was applied in eleven patients with AML. Leukemic stem cells were defined as CD34+/CD38−/CD123+ cells. In all patients in whom the majority of myeloblasts expressed CD33 (=CD33+ AML, n=8), the AML progenitor cells reacted with the CD33 antibody P67.6. Repopulation experiments utilizing NOD/SCID mice confirmed that the AML stem cells in these patients reside within the CD33+ subpopulation of leukemic cells. Moreover, AML stem cells (CD34+/CD38−/CD123+ cells) highly purified (&amp;gt;98% purity) from patients with (CD33+) AML by cell sorting, were found to express CD33 mRNA in RT-PCR analyses. To demonstrate that AML stem cells can also reside within the CD33-negative fraction of the AML clone, we purified CD33-negative cells in a patient with AML in whom a majority of leukemic stem cells were found to lack CD33. In this particular patient, the CD33-negative cells were found to repopulate NOD/SCID mice with leukemias in the same way as the entire leukemic clone did. The CD33 antigen was neither detectable on CD34+/CD38− cells in the normal bone marrow nor on leukemic stem cells in patients with CD33-negative AML. In summary, our data show that leukemic stem cells in patients with CD33+ AML frequently express the target receptor CD33. This observation is in favor of novel treatment concepts employing CD33-targeting antibodies (Mylotarg®) in acute myeloid leukemia.
Abstract 18718: Can We Predict Long-term Mortality Post Primary Takotsubo Syndrome via In-hospital Events? (2017)

Background: Some patients with Takotsubo syndrome (TS) develop this form of acute catecholamine-induced myocardial inflammation secondary to life-threatening extra-cardiac disease (TSsec), but in t...
A pilot study on the kinetics of metabolites and microvascular cutaneous effects of nitric oxide inhalation in healthy volunteers (2019)

Rationale Inhaled nitric oxide (NO) exerts a variety of effects through metabolites and these play an important role in regulation of hemodynamics in the body. A detailed investigation into the generation of these metabolites has been overlooked. Objectives We investigated the kinetics of nitrite and S-nitrosothiol-hemoglobin (SNO-Hb) in plasma derived from inhaled NO subjects and how this modifies the cutaneous microvascular response. Findings We enrolled 15 healthy volunteers. Plasma nitrite levels at baseline and during NO inhalation (15 minutes at 40 ppm) were 102 (86–118) and 114 (87–129) nM, respectively. The nitrite peak occurred at 5 minutes of discontinuing NO (131 (104–170) nM). Plasma nitrate levels were not significantly different during the study. SNO-Hb molar ratio levels at baseline and during NO inhalation were 4.7E-3 (2.5E-3–5.8E-3) and 7.8E-3 (4.1E-3-13.0E-3), respectively. Levels of SNO-Hb continued to climb up to the last study time point (30 min: 10.6E-3 (5.3E-3-15.5E-3)). The response to acetylcholine iontophoresis both before and during NO inhalation was inversely associated with the SNO-Hb level (r: -0.57, p = 0.03, and r: -0.54, p = 0.04, respectively). Conclusions Both nitrite and SNO-Hb increase during NO inhalation. Nitrite increases first, followed by a more sustained increase in Hb-SNO. Nitrite and Hb-SNO could be a mobile reservoir of NO with potential implications on the systemic microvasculature.
Bestimmung linksventrikulärer Funktionsparameter in einem Atemstillstand: Vergleich mit Standard SSFP-Sequenzen (2008)

Ziele: Das enddiastolische (EDV) und endsystolische (ESV) Volumen sowie die Ejektionsfraktion (EF) sind wichtige diagnostische Parameter. Die Akquisition kontinuierlicher Kurzachsenschnitte erfordert typischerweise mehrere Atemstillstände, so dass Variationen der Atemtiefe zu einer diskontinuierlichen Erfassung des linken Ventrikels führen können. Außerdem ist die exakte Definition der AV-Klappenebene auf Kurzachsenschnitten schwierig und kann zu erheblichen Messfehlern führen. Ziel dieser Studie war es deshalb, Kurz- und Langachsenschnitte in einem Atemstillstand zu akquirieren und alle Schichten zur Volumetrie des linken Ventrikels zu verwenden. Methode: Bei 25 konsekutiven Patienten wurden an einem 1.5T-Scanner kontinuierliche Kurz- und Langachsenschnitte mit Standard SSFP Sequenzen (in-plane Auflösung 1.9×1.9mm2, zeitliche Auflösung 36ms) akquiriert. Zusätzlich wurden in einem Atemstillstand 2 Lang- und 5 Kurzachsenschnitte mit einer TPAT-SSFP-Sequenz (Temporal Parallel Acquisition Technique, in-plane Auflösung 2.9×1.9mm2, zeitliche Auflösung 40ms) gemessen. Zwei Radiologen führten unabhängig volumetrische Messungen mit der Schichtensummationsmethode (Argus 3D) durch und werteten zusätzlich die TPAT-Sequenzen mit einer Methode aus, die basierend auf Lang- und Kurzachsenschnitten ein 4D-Modells des linken Ventrikels erzeugt (Argus 4D). Die intra- und interindividuellen Ergebnisse wurden anhand von Bland-Altmann-Plots verglichen. Ergebnis: Die mittlere Akquisitionszeit betrug 360s für die SSFP- und 26s für die TPAT-Sequenzen. Die Auswertezeit betrug durchschnittlich 3 Minuten für die Bestimmung der LV Funktionsparameter anhand des 4D-Modells und 6 Minuten mit der Schichtensummationsmethode. Die mittlere Ejektionsfraktion betrug 57±9% für die Argus 3D und 58±7% für die Argus 4D Auswertung. Bei der Auswertung der EDV (136ml ±50ml) und ESV (61ml ±32ml) zeigte der Vergleich zwischen beiden Methoden, dass die mit dem 4D-Modell bestimmten Werte bei beiden Auswertern höher lagen (mittlere Differenz 15ml) als beim 3D-Verfahren, was auf die komplette Erfassung der Herzbasis durch die Berücksichtigung der Langachsenschnitte zurückzuführen ist. Die Übereinstimmung zwischen beiden Auswertern war bei der Argus 4D Auswertung (mittlere Differenz 8ml) besser als bei der Argus 3D Auswertung (mittlere Differenz 16ml). Schlussfolgerung: TPAT-Sequenzen in Kombination mit einer Argus 4D Auswertung erlauben eine schnelle, zuverlässige und reproduzierbare Bestimmung linksventrikulärer Funktionsparameter.
Farm dust and endotoxin protect against allergy through A20 induction in lung epithelial cells (2015)

Growing up on a dairy farm protects children from allergy, hay fever, and asthma. A mechanism linking exposure to this endotoxin (bacterial lipopolysaccharide)-rich environment with protection has remained elusive. Here we show that chronic exposure to low-dose endotoxin or farm dust protects mice from developing house dust mite (HDM)-induced asthma. Endotoxin reduced epithelial cell cytokines that activate dendritic cells (DCs), thus suppressing type 2 immunity to HDMs. Loss of the ubiquitin-modifying enzyme A20 in lung epithelium abolished the protective effect. A single-nucleotide polymorphism in the gene encoding A20 was associated with allergy and asthma risk in children growing up on farms. Thus, the farming environment protects from allergy by modifying the communication between barrier epithelial cells and DCs through A20 induction.
Effects of age and disability on tracking tasks with a computer mouse: accuracy and linearity. (1996)

Many individuals with movement disorders are unable to make efficient use of graphical computer interfaces commonly employed in personal computers. In this study, performance limitations in target tracking with a computer mouse were studied for eight young subjects aged 19 to 29 (M = 23, SD = 3), four old subjects aged 70 to 73 (M = 72, SD = 1), and five motor-disabled subjects aged 37 to 74 (M = 65, SD = 16). Subjects tracked simple one- and two-dimensional motions at various frequencies. Performance was measured using an accuracy index derived from root-mean-square error, and a linearity index based on coherence estimation. A maximum bandwidth of 2 Hz for accuracy of mouse use was found, which often decreased due to advanced age or motor disability. Tracking linearity of all groups decreased as frequency increased. A significant degree of nonlinearity existed in all results (p < 0.05), with disabled subjects nearing complete nonlinearity in two-dimensional tracking. The data show that with advanced age and disability, mouse use becomes increasingly inaccurate and nonlinear. Assistive computer interfacing techniques, such as signal filtering, may improve mouse use.
Co-operation of Digital Nonlinear Equalizers and Soft-Decision LDPC FEC in Nonlinear Transmission (2013)

We experimentally and numerically investigated the characteristics of 128 Gb/s dual polarization - quadrature phase shift keying signals received with two types of nonlinear equalizers (NLEs) followed by soft-decision (SD) low-density parity-check (LDPC) forward error correction (FEC). Successful co-operation among SD-FEC and NLEs over various nonlinear transmissions were demonstrated by optimization of parameters for NLEs.
Transformer Eddy Current Dampers for the Vibration Control (2008)

Eddy current dampers are promising for the passive and semiactive vibration control of mechanical structures. Among them, the “motional” types are based on Lorentz forces between a moving conductor and a stationary magnetic field. On the contrary, “transformer” ones exploit electromagnetic forces varying the reluctance of the magnetic circuit due to the motion of a part of the damper. Considering the simplicity of the layout, transformer configurations seem to be very promising as alternative to traditional rubber or squeeze film dampers to control the lateral vibration of rotating machines. The aim of the present paper is to investigate the dynamic behavior of transformer eddy current dampers integrated in a mechanical structure. The electromechanical system is modeled using the Lagrange approach in terms of the magnetic flux linkages in the electromagnets. The mathematical models have been experimentally validated using two test benches with different layouts and geometrical characteristics of the magnetic circuit. The modeling approach allows to propose a design procedure of this type of damper.
Abstract 4503: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic analysis of eribulin mesylate and paclitaxel in mouse (2015)

Abstract Neuropathy arising from chemotherapy (CIPN) is a major clinical problem representing the dose-limiting side effect of many antineoplastic drugs. At their respective MTDs, we previously reported paclitaxel and ixabepilone produced more severe deficits in nerve conduction velocity, amplitude and degenerative changes in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and sciatic nerve (SN) versus eribulin mesylate (Wozniak et al 2011). Similar trends for eribulin to cause less neuropathy have also been reported in the clinic (Cigler and Vadhat 2010, Jain and Cigler 2012, Vadhat et al 2013). The underlying reason for this differential effect remains elusive. Differences in tubulin binding may, in part, explain the differential effect (Perez et al 2009, Jordan et al 2005). Another potential explanation could reside in different pharmacokinetic (PK) and nervous tissue distribution of these agents. Toward this latter point, we conducted tissue distribution and pharmacokinetic studies following acute dosing of eribulin mesylate, paclitaxel and ixabepilone. We reported that while all three drugs rapidly cleared from plasma, they distributed into and cleared slowly (&amp;gt;3 days) from peripheral nervous system tissues (Wozniak et al 2014). We have now extended these studies to look out to 42 days following both acute and 2 week MTD-dosing paradigms evaluating drug pharmacokinetics in plasma, DRG and SN as well as pharmacodynamic measurements of nerve conduction and amplitude. We found plasma levels of eribulin mesylate and paclitaxel rapidly declined over 24h after infusion. In contrast, the levels of eribulin mesylate and paclitaxel persisted at above quantification levels (ranging from 5-10 ng/g) for 7 to 14 days post cessation of 2 week MTD dosing. Eribulin mesylate consistently showed greater distribution into DRG and SN over paclitaxel. When comparing the induced nerve conduction deficits, we found paclitaxel and eribulin mesylate caused reduction of nerve conduction parameters similar to our previous studies, most notably in caudal nerve amplitude (by 80.5% and 54.9% respectively). However these deficits, which were sustained for up to several weeks after cessation of dosing, were more severe with paclitaxel. The findings demonstrate that despite eribulin mesylate showing higher nervous tissue distribution than paclitaxel, eribulin mesylate caused less neurotoxicity as evidenced by milder reductions in nerve conduction and amplitude. This work was financially supported by Eisai. Citation Format: Krystyna Wozniak, Ying Wu, Bruce A. Littlefield, Kenichi Nomoto, Christopher DesJardins, Yanke Yu, George Lai, Larisa Reyderman, Barbara S. Slusher. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic analysis of eribulin mesylate and paclitaxel in mouse. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 4503. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-4503
Tumor‐selective cytotoxic effects of murine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interferon‐gamma (EN‐gamma) in organ culture of B16 melanoma cells and heart tissue (1988)

Organotypically cultured, confronting pairs of B16B16 cell clusters and fragments of embryonic chick or mouse heart, as used for the study of invasion in vitro, were treated with murine TNF plus IFN-gamma for 4 and 7 days. This treatment selectively killed the B16B16 cells and left the heart tissue intact as assayed by histology and by plating confronting pairs and spent medium on tissue culture substrate. Using this organ culture assay, which more closely mimics the situation in vivo, we confirmed the tumor-selective cytotoxic effects of combined treatment with TNF and IFN-gamma as observed in separate cultures of malignant and non-malignant cells on "artificial" substrate.
<title>Monte Carlo modeling of light transport in tissue: the effect of laser coagulation on light distributions</title> (1992)

A Monte Carlo model of light transport in tissue is presented and used to calculate fluence rates within beef liver. The optical coefficients of beef liver used in these calculations have been determined experimentally on both fresh and laser coagulated tissue samples. Coagulation was found to increase the scattering, but left the absorption little changed. Using these measured optical coefficients, the model showed that the light distribution in the tissue was changed significantly following coagulation. The fluence rates in the coagulated tissue were found to be more diffuse than in the fresh tissue.
Frequency stabilisation of AlGaAs lasers to absorption spectrum of rubidium using Zeeman effect (1988)

We describe an optical reference signal obtained by frequency locking a AlGaAs laser to the absorption spectrum of rubidium. The rubidium absorption spectrum is frequencymodulated by an AC magnetic field using the Zeeman effect. This technique results in an optical reference signal which is free from undesired modulation.
IL-5 receptor positive B cells, but not eosinophils, are functionally and numerically influenced in mice carrying the X-linked immune defect (1993)

Mouse IL-5 (mIL-5) acts on B cells and eosinophils to induce growth and differentiation through the mIL-5 specific receptor (mIL-5R). The functional high-affinity mIL-5R is a heterodimer composed of alpha and beta chains. We investigated the expression of mIL-5R and the responsiveness of B cells and eosinophils to mIL-5 in X-linked immunodeficient (xid) mice. mIL-5R expression analyzed by using mAbs specific for alpha and beta chains revealed that xid B cells had fewer mIL-5R alpha +mIL-5R beta + than BALB/c B cells. In particular, a decrease in the number of peritoneal mIL-5R+ B cells among Ly-1 B cells (known as B-1 cells) was remarkable. Furthermore, the frequency of precursors of mIL-5 responsive B cells in xid mice was approximately 100-fold lower than that of BALB/c mice. Interestingly, sorted mIL-5R+ peritoneal B cells from xid mice displayed a low response to mIL-5. Intraperitoneal injection of mIL-5 into BALB/c mice induced polyclonal IgM production and an increase in the number of eosinophils. The same regimen failed to induce an increase in the same parameters in xid mice. However, xid mice showed mIL-5-induced eosinophilia in peripheral blood to a similar extent as BALB/c mice. Eosinophils from mIL-5-injected xid mice expressed both alpha and beta chains of mIL-5, and responded to mIL-5 with prolonged in vitro survival.
Full-order averaging modelling of zero-voltage-switching phase-shift bidirectional DC–DC converters (2010)

Full-order small-signal modelling and dynamic analysis of zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) phase-shift bidirectional DC–DC converters is studied. A general modelling method is proposed to develop the discrete-time average model. This full-order model takes into account the leakage inductance current and the resonant transition intervals in order to realise ZVS. Both the leakage inductance current and the resonant transition intervals are the key to accurately predict the dynamic behaviour of the converter. A control-to-output-voltage transfer function is derived for the dual active bridge DC–DC converter, which is taken as an example to illustrate the modelling procedure. Experimental results confirm that the new model correctly predicts the small-signal frequency response up to one-third of the switching frequency and is more accurate than the previously presented models.
Nonlinear Phenomena in Electromagnetic Theory and Acoustics. (1978)

The research projects supported by these grants include investigations into problems of nonlinear wave propagation, nonlinear electrical circuits, propagation in wave guides, thermal convection and continuum mechanics. The success of these projects rested on our unified and coherent development and applications of multi-scale perturbation methods to study the complicated nonlinear systems which describe these physical phenomena. The research projects are described in forty-seven research papers and books. These are summarized in this report by area of application. (Author)
Viscoelastic Characterization of Perfused Liver: Indentation Testing and Preliminary Modeling (2007)

Computer-aided medical technologies are currently restricted by the limited understanding of the mechanical response of solid abdominal organs to finite loading conditions typical of surgical manipulation [5]. This limitation is a result of the difficulty in acquiring the necessary data on whole organs. To develop a constitutive model capable of predicting complex surgical scenarios, multiple testing modalities need to be simultaneously obtained to capture the fundamental nature of the tissue’s behavior under such conditions. In vivo tests are essential to obtain a realistic response, but their inherent difficulty and unknown boundary conditions makes them an impractical approach. Ex vivo tests are easy to control, but the response is unrealistic. A perfusion apparatus was previously developed that obtained near in vivo conditions for whole livers while allowing the ease of ex vivo testing [3]. This work presents the results from complete viscoelastic testing of whole-perfused livers with surgically relevant time-dependant indentation loading profiles to 35% nominal strain. These results will aid in the development of a constitutive model for the liver whose parameters can be related to the physical constituents of the tissue. As an intermediate modeling step, a 1D rheological modeling tool was used to identify the form and initial parameters for a constitutive model.
Moyamoya Disease in Adults: The Role of Cerebral Revascularization (2005)

Moyamoya disease is a disorder characterized by bilateral progressive steno-occlusion of the terminal internal carotid arteries with associated development of a fragile network of basal collateral vessels. It most commonly presents in children, but is also frequently seen in adults, especially in the third or fourth decade of life. Adults afflicted with this disease have very different clinical characteristics as compared with children. For example, adults more commonly present with hemorrhage than cerebral ischemia, while children present with cerebral ischemia nearly 75% of the time and very rarely present with hemorrhage. This significantly impacts treatment considerations for the adult-onset moyamoya patient, as cerebral revascularization, though well accepted in the context of cerebral ischemia, is relatively controversial for the prevention of rehemorrhage. The purpose of this article is to review the pertinent general features of moyamoya disease, examine the clinical characteristics associated with the adult-onset form of this disease, and provide a detailed discussion regarding the indications, operative techniques, and outcomes of direct and indirect revascularization surgical procedures.
The relationship of the conductivity of polyacetylene to the average length of double-bond conjugation (1983)

K. Soga and M. Nakamaru, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1983, 1495 DOI: 10.1039/C39830001495
Supplementary Table 1 from Immutable Functional Attributes of Histologic Grade Revealed by Context-Independent Gene Expression in Primary Breast Cancer Cells (2023)

Supplementary Table 1 from Immutable Functional Attributes of Histologic Grade Revealed by Context-Independent Gene Expression in Primary Breast Cancer Cells