gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A delay-locked loop for clock recovery and data synchronization (1990)

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1990.
Sparse graphical modeling of piecewise-stationary time series (2011)

Graphical models are useful for capturing interdependencies of statistical variables in various fields. Estimating parameters describing sparse graphical models of stationary multivariate data is a major task in areas as diverse as biostatistics, econometrics, social networks, and climate data analysis. Even though time series in these applications are often non stationary, revealing interdependencies through sparse graphs has not advanced as rapidly, because estimating such time varying models is challenged by the curse of dimensionality and the associated complexity which is prohibitive. The goal of this paper is to introduce novel algorithms for joint segmentation and estimation of sparse, piecewise stationary, graphical models. The crux of the proposed approach is application of dynamic programming in conjunction with cost functions regularized with terms promoting the right form of sparsity in the right application domain. As a result, complexity of the novel schemes scales gracefully with the problem dimension.
Conversational Knowledge Graphs (2014)

The past decade has seen the emergence of web-scale structured and linked semantic knowledge graphs (KGs). These KGs provide a scalable “schema for the web,” representing a significant opportunity for the NLP and conversational-interaction (CI) research communities. This lecture describes new research that leverages KGs to bootstrap web-scale CI with no requirement for semantic schema design, no data collection, and no manual annotations. In effect, the method completes a “join” of semantic KGs to large-scale sources of NL surface forms such as Wikipedia docs and search queries. The resulting annotated data is used to bootstrap components of web-scale CI systems—speech recognizers, semantic parsers, and dialog managers. The CI system can include thousands of domains and entity types, millions of entities, and hundreds of millions of relations. The precision recall of the CI systems trained with this unsupervised method approaches those trained with supervised annotations.
Fat Grafting in Radiation-Induced Soft-Tissue Injury: A Narrative Review of the Clinical Evidence and Implications for Future Studies (2021)

Radiation-induced changes in skin and soft tissue result in significant cosmetic and functional impairment with subsequent decrease in quality of life. Fat grafting has emerged as a therapy for radiation-induced soft-tissue injury, and this narrative review aims to evaluate the current clinical evidence regarding its efficacy. A review was conducted to examine the current clinical evidence of fat grafting as a therapy for radiation-induced injury to the skin and soft tissue and to outline the clinical outcomes that can be used to more consistently quantify chronic radiation-induced injury in future clinical studies. The current clinical evidence regarding the efficacy of fat grafting to treat radiation-induced injury of the skin and soft tissue suggests that fat grafting increases skin softness and pliability, induces volume restoration, improves hair growth in areas of alopecia, reduces pain, and improves cosmetic and functional outcomes. However, literature in this field is far from robust and mired by the retrospective nature of the studies, lack of adequate controls, and inherent limitations of small case series and cohorts. A series of actions have been identified to strengthen future clinical data, including the need for physical examination using a validated scale, appropriate imaging, skin biomechanics and microcirculation testing, and histologic analysis. In conclusion, radiation-induced soft-tissue injury is a significant health burden that can lead to severe functional and aesthetic sequelae. Although still in a preliminary research phase, there is promising clinical evidence demonstrating the benefits of fat grafting to treat chronic changes after radiation therapy. Future clinical studies will require larger cohorts, adequate controls, and consistent use of objective measurements.
A Case of Ceramic Femoral Head Fracture in Total Hip Arthroplasty. (2003)

We report a case of fracture of the ceramic head in total hip arthroplasty. A 67-year-old man who had osteoarthrisis managed to undergo right total hip arthroplasty employing a 28-mm-diameter alumina ceramic head and alumina ceramic cup (ABS; Kyocera, Kyoto, Japan) inserted without cement in July 1999. In Jun 2001, he did a jumping exercise in a swimming pool. The next day, he felt disconfort in the right hip, tripped when walking, and was not able to walk after ward. Radiograph disclosed fracture of the femoral ball. The fractured ball was found to cousist of two large fragments and several small fragments. There was no significant damage on the taper surface of the stem. Piston exercise in thought to have occurred between the stem and ball because loosening between the stem and ball resulted for some reason, and repeated concentration of weight on this point is believed to have caused the damage.
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF FARNESENE-BASED POLYMERS (2017)

ABSTRACT A bio-based route to the production of trans -β-farnesene has recently been commercialized. Trans -β-farnesene is capable of being polymerized by both anionic and cationic pathways, creating low molecular weight polymers with structure–property relationships unique within the diene class of monomers. Trans -β-farnesene is produced through fermentation of sugar feedstocks. The pathway offers an alternative to petroleum-based feedstocks derived as by-products of naphtha or ethane cracking. Anionic polymerization of the monomer produces a highly branched “bottlebrush” structure, with rheological properties that are markedly different than those of linear diene polymers. Specifically, a lack of entanglements is observed even at relatively high molar masses. For hydroxyl-terminated oligomers, T g as a function of molar mass follows a trend opposite non-functional materials. The synthesis and characterization of trans -β-farnesene–based polymers will be presented, including anionically prepared low molecular weight diols and monols.
Spectral-based image-editing system (2005)

An image editing system that deal with spectral reflectance instead of RGB values in retouching or changing the color of an object is proposed, for the purpose to achieve high accuracy and enhanced functionality in color reproduction.
A review of gene therapy in canine and feline models of lysosomal storage disorders (2015)

Lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) are inherited diseases that result from the intracellular accumulation of incompletely degraded macromolecules.The majority of LSDs affect both the peripheral and central nervous systems and are not effectively treated by enzyme replacement therapy, substrate reduction therapy, or bone marrow transplantation.Advances in adeno-associated virus and retroviral vector development over the past decade have resurged gene therapy as a promising therapeutic intervention for these monogenic diseases.Animal models of LSDs provide a necessary intermediate to optimize gene therapy protocols and assess the safety and efficacy of treatment prior to initiating human clinical trials.Numerous LSDs are naturally occurring in large animal models and closely reiterate the lesions, biochemical defect, and clinical phenotype observed in human patients, and whose lifetime is sufficiently long to assess the effect on symptoms that develop later in life.Herein, we review that gene therapy in large animal models (dogs and cats) of LSDs improved many manifestations of disease, and may be used in patients in the near future.
Combined group ECC protection and subgroup parity protection (2023)

A method and system are disclosed for providing combined error code protection and subgroup parity protection for a given group of n bits. The method comprises the steps of identifying a number, m, of redundant bits for said error protection; and constructing a matrix P, wherein multiplying said given group of n bits with P produces m redundant error correction code (ECC) protection bits, and two columns of P provide parity protection for subgroups of said given group of n bits. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the matrix P is constructed by generating permutations of m bit wide vectors with three or more, but an odd number of, elements with value one and the other elements with value zero; and assigning said vectors to rows of the matrix P.
Dietary Fish Oil Supplementation Attenuates Myocardial Dysfunction and Injury Caused by Global Ischemia and Reperfusion in Isolated Rat Hearts (1993)

To determine the effect of dietary fish oil supplementation on myocardial dysfunction following ischemia-reperfusion, independent of plasma and blood cells, Sprague-Dawley rats were fed fish oil-rich nonpurified diet or butter-enriched diet for 5 d. Myocardial content of long-chain and (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids was greater in the fish oil-fed rats (P < 0.01), whereas (n-6) fatty acid content was lower compared with controls (P < 0.01). Platelet aggregation in fish oil-fed rats was also inhibited. Hearts from all rats were subjected to 15 min of global ischemia and 10 min of reperfusion. In hearts of control rats, ischemia-reperfusion resulted in a marked decrease in force of cardiac contraction, increase in coronary perfusion pressure, appearance of ventricular arrhythmias and release of creatine kinase and thromboxane B2 in the coronary effluent. Dietary fish oil supplementation attenuated myocardial dysfunction induced by ischemia-reperfusion, as indicated by smaller change in force of cardiac contraction (-77% vs. -89%, P < 0.05) and coronary perfusion pressure (+37% vs. +71%, P < 0.001). Concomitantly, release of creatine kinase as well as thromboxane B2 in coronary effluent was lower (P < 0.01). Ventricular arrhythmias occurred less frequently in hearts from fish oil-fed rats. Thus, short-term dietary fish oil supplementation attenuates myocardial dysfunction caused by ischemia-reperfusion by a direct effect on the heart independent of blood and plasma components.
Influence of Hematocrit on Behavior of Ice Crystals and Human Red Blood Cells during Directional Solidification of Cell Suspensions. (1994)

The microscopic structure during directional solidification of human red blood cell suspensions with a hematocrit of 10% was investigated, using three different solutions : physiological saline, physiological saline with 20% v/v glycerol, and physiological saline with 20% v/v glycerol and 20mg/ml antifreeze proteins, and to understand the influence of hematocrit it was compared with the result for the hematocrit of 1% reported previously. The ice crystal structure and the ice-cell interaction were found to be different between the three solutions. This result is basically similar to that for the hematocrit of 1%. While the hematocrit of 1% rarely causes cell-cell interaction in all the solutions, the hematocrit of 10% remarkably causes cell-cell contacts and the resultant cell-cell interaction in physiological saline alone. These results show that the degree of cell-cell interaction depends upon the morphological characteristics of ice crystals, the manners of the ice-cell interaction, and the hematocrit strongly.
Synthesis of an analog of mycothiazole and total synthesis of pseudotrienic acid B (2007)

Abstract An analog of mycothiazole and pseudotrienic acid B were synthesized efficiently by using ring-closing metathesis or cross-metathesis as key reactions.
On the design of a route parsing engine for connected vehicles with applications to congestion management systems (2016)

In this paper we present a new type of congestion management system to regulate congestion around a single link obstruction. This obstruction will be investigated in two cases: a) a regular obstruction and b) an irregular obstruction. The principle innovations of our system are to utilise a route parsing engine to both predict the likelihood of a vehicle being affected by the obstruction and make decisions ahead of time, and to use this information to make a fair congestion management system.
Advanced QCM controller for NASA's plume impingement contamination-II (2002)

Currently, no accurate models or recent data exist for modeling contamination from spacecraft thrusters to meet the stringent requirements of the International Space Station (ISS). Few flight measurements of contaminant deposition from spacecraft thrusters have been made, and no measurements have been made for angles away from the plume centerline. The Plume Impingement Contamination-II (PIC-II)<sup>1 </sup>experiment is planned to provide such measurements using quartz crystal microbalances placed into the plume of a Shuttle Orbiter RCS thruster. To this end, the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) has supported NASA in the development of the PIC-II experiment Flight Electronics Unit known as the Remote Arm TQCM System (RATS), which will measure the contamination in the Shuttle Obiter RCS thruster. The development was based on an ongoing effort between the APL and QCM Research to develop an inexpensive, miniature TQCM controller based on a legacy of QCM controllers developed at the APL. PIC-II will provide substantial improvements over previous systems, including higher resolution, greater flexibility, intensive housekeeping, and in-situ operational control. Details of the experiment hardware and measurement technique are given. The importance of the experiment to the ISS and the general plume contamination community is discussed.
Self-Diffusion with Dynamic Dilution in Star Polymer Melts (2000)

We use a recent theory of arm retraction in star polymer melts to calculate the self-diffusion constant of symmetric stars. Star polymers can only take a diffusive step when an arm fully retracts to the center. Because of the wide separation of relaxation times along the star arms, star polymers obey dynamic dilution, in which the effective entanglement network dilutes as portions of the star arms relax. This implies a picture of self-diffusion in which the junction point hops a distance of order the dilated tube diameter ad associated with the diluted network, rather than a distance of order the original “skinny” tube diameter a0 defined by the entanglement molecular weight. The difference is substantial, since ad scales with arm length N as a0N2/7. However, comparing our results to self-diffusion data of Bartels et al.,1 we find that the data are more consistent with diffusive hops of a length scale a0 rather than ad.
An analysis of the maximum likelihood estimator for localization problems (2005)

We study the behavior of the maximum likelihood (ML) estimator for localization via triangulation, under Gaussian noise. Likelihood maximization is a non-convex problem, with possibly multiple solutions. In this paper we present an algorithm for solving this non-convex problem, which under some reasonable assumptions, is guaranteed to produce the exact ML estimate. A nice feature of our algorithm is that it is readily amenable to analysis: we give (a) a characterization of a domain in which, if the algorithm is started with an initial estimate within that domain, a standard steepest descent method is guaranteed to converge to a global minimum; (b) the distribution of the estimate; and (c) a measure of sensitivity to noise of the estimate. Many numerical examples and plots are included to illustrate these concepts
Discrete fourier transform spread zero word OFDM (2017)

Fifth generation (5G) waveform must meet a superior performance in multipath channels along with low peak to average power ratio (PAPR), especially in up-link transmission. Among waveform candidates, zero tail (ZT) DFT-spread (s) OFDM has low PAPR. However, unlike its name, ZT-DFT-s-OFDM contains non-zero samples at its tails causing inter-symbol interference (ISI) in multipath channels. In this paper, we utilize redundant subcarriers concept in unique word (UW) OFDM to nullify the tail of ZT DFT-s-OFDM. The achieved waveform called “DFT Spread (s) Zero Word (ZW) OFDM” benefits from high mitigation in the ISI compared to ZT DFT-s-OFDM. The remaining benefits in this approach include: (I) around 3 dB performance improvement in Bit Error Rate (BER) compared to cyclic prefix (CP)-OFDM in time dispersive channels, (II) around 0.7 dB lower PAPR compared to CP-OFDM and UW OFDM, (III) having a flexible guard interval length in IFFT output intrinsically. In order to support above claims, simulation results are provided which depict the accuracy and enhanced performance of the proposed waveform compared to the mentioned waveform candidates.
Role of protein phosphorylation in TNF‐induced apoptosis: Phosphatase inhibitors synergize with TNF to activate DNA fragmentation in normal as well as TNF‐resistant U937 variants (1993)

This study examined the role of protein phosphorylation in TNF induction of apoptosis in several tumor cell lines by testing the effects of agents that either stimulate or inhibit protein phosphorylation. The serine-threonine phosphatase inhibitors, okadaic acid (OKA) and calyculin A (CLA), synergistically augmented TNF-induced apoptosis in several TNF-sensitive tumor cell lines including the U937 histiocytic lymphoma, the BT-20 mammary carcinoma, and the LNCap prostatic tumor cell line. Furthermore, the phosphatase inhibitors completely reversed the TNF resistance of a variant (U9-TR) derived from U937. CLA also inhibited phosphatase activity in cell-free extracts from both U937 and U9-TR at the same concentrations (0.4-2.0 nM) that it synergized with TNF. In contrast, TNF treatment of U937 cells did not result in inhibition of phosphatase activity mediated by protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) and PP2A in cell extracts. Since the phosphatase inhibitors are known to increase the overall levels of protein phosphorylation in cells, this suggested that TNF may act by stimulating protein kinase (PK) activity. This hypothesis was supported by the results of testing a panel of relatively specific protein kinase inhibitors. TNF activation of DNA fragmentation was blocked by a potent inhibitor of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) but was unaffected by inhibitors of cAMP or cGMP-dependent PKs. We postulate that a defect in the activation of MLCK or possibly some other as yet unknown PK may be responsible for the TNF resistance of U9-TR. Furthermore, this resistance may be circumvented by promoting protein phosphorylation with the serine-threonine-dependent phosphatase inhibitors.
Induction of Ca 2+ -Calmodulin Signaling by Hard-Surface Contact Primes Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Conidia To Germinate and Form Appressoria (1998)

Hard-surface contact primes the conidia of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides to respond to plant surface waxes and a fruit-ripening hormone, ethylene, to germinate and form the appressoria required for infection of the host. Our efforts to elucidate the molecular events in the early phase of the hard-surface contact found that EGTA (5 mM) and U73122 (16 nM), an inhibitor of phospholipase C, inhibited (50%) germination and appressorium formation. Measurements of calmodulin (CaM) transcripts with a CaM cDNA we cloned from C. gloeosporioides showed that CaM was induced by hard-surface contact maximally at 2 h and then declined; ethephon enhanced this induction. The CaM antagonist, compound 48/80, completely inhibited conidial germination and appressorium formation at a concentration of 3 microM, implying that CaM is involved in this process. A putative CaM kinase (CaMK) cDNA of C. gloeosporioides was cloned with transcripts from hard-surface-treated conidia. A selective inhibitor of CaMK, KN93 (20 microM), inhibited (50%) germination and appressorium formation, blocked melanization, and caused the formation of abnormal appressoria. Scytalone, an intermediate in melanin synthesis, reversed the inhibition of melanization but did not restore appressorium formation. The phosphorylation of 18- and 43-kDa proteins induced by hard-surface contact and ethephon was inhibited by the treatment with KN93. These results strongly suggest that hard-surface contact induces Ca2+-calmodulin signaling that primes the conidia to respond to host signals by germination and differentiation into appressoria.
Universal QAM Encoder/Converter using Fully Tunable Complex-Coefficient Optical Tapped-Delay Line (2012)

We experimentally demonstrate a tunable and reconfigurable optical scheme for encoding and converting of QAM symbols. 20/31 Gbaud QPSK signals are encoded/converted to higher order QAMs, including 64-QAM in an all-optical tunable tapped delay line. The OSNR penalty at 2×10−3 BER is measured to be~2 dB and~8 dB for conversions of 31 Gbaud BPSK to 15.5 Gbaud QPSK and 31 Gbaud QPSK to 15.5 Gbaud 16-QAM, respectively.
Effect of the Casting Solvent on the Morphology of Poly(styrene-b-isoprene) Diblock Copolymer/Magnetic Nanoparticle Mixtures (2006)

We investigate the effect of the casting solvent on the phase behavior of a cylinder-forming poly(styrene-b-isoprene) (PS-b-PI) diblock copolymer mixed with marginally selective gamma-Fe2O3 nanoparticles. Notably, for the mixtures of PS-b-PI/gamma-Fe2O3 nanoparticles cast with toluene, which is a neutral solvent for both PS and PI blocks, the latticelike aggregates of gamma-Fe2O3 nanoparticles, originating from magnetic dipole interactions, induce an intriguing transition from hexagonal cylinders to body-centered cubic spheres via undulated cylinders whereas the neat block copolymer does not show such an order-order transition. In contrast, when PI-selective hexane is used, the nanoparticles are selectively incorporated into the PI domains, and the microphase-separated hexagonal cylinder morphology gradually loses its long-range order upon increasing the nanoparticle concentration. The structural information obtained from small-angle X-ray scattering is also in good agreement with transmission electron microscopy images and differential scanning calorimetry results.
Embedded OMTDR Sensor for Small Soft Fault Location on Aging Aircraft Wiring Systems (2016)

Based on OMTDR technology, the first embedded Smart Connector (SmartCo) which could locate very small soft defects resulting from partial degradation of cables is introduced in this paper. To do so, the SmartCo injects the generated OMTDR signal at an extremity of the cable and then listens to the echoes created at each discontinuity of the cable characteristic impedance. Since soft defects result in faint reflected energy, they are hard to distinguish from the noise. Hence, the SmartCo uses an innovative approach based on advanced post-processing methods data fusion to eliminate false alarms and to determine the small soft fault position.
High Speed Atomic Force Microscopy Visualizes Processive Movement of Trichoderma reesei Cellobiohydrolase I on Crystalline Cellulose (2009)

Fungal cellobiohydrolases act at liquid-solid interfaces. They have the ability to hydrolyze cellulose chains of a crystalline substrate because of their two-domain structure, i.e. cellulose-binding domain and catalytic domain, and unique active site architecture. However, the details of the action of the two domains on crystalline cellulose are still unclear. Here, we present real time observations of Trichoderma reesei (Tr) cellobiohydrolase I (Cel7A) molecules sliding on crystalline cellulose, obtained with a high speed atomic force microscope. The average velocity of the sliding movement on crystalline cellulose was 3.5 nm/s, and interestingly, the catalytic domain without the cellulose-binding domain moved with a velocity similar to that of the intact TrCel7A enzyme. However, no sliding of a catalytically inactive enzyme (mutant E212Q) or a variant lacking tryptophan at the entrance of the active site tunnel (mutant W40A) could be detected. This indicates that, besides the hydrolysis of glycosidic bonds, the loading of a cellulose chain into the active site tunnel is also essential for the enzyme movement.