gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CADMADE: an approach towards a device-independent standard for CAD/CAM software development (1989)

Every year thousands of specialized CAD/CAM applications programs are developed to meet the needs of industry, education and research. The international 3-D graphics standard, PHIGS, has proven to be very useful in the creation of custom CAD/CAM software. Although PHIGS+ promises to deliver some geometric modeling procedures, not nearly enough is being done to support the writing of CAD/CAM software. CAD/CAM applications programmers should have available a standardized high level applications programming environment which supports the creation of device-independent and portable design and manufacturing software. In this dissertation, one approach towards the establishment of a CAD/CAM programming standard has been presented. This programming environment is called CADMADE - Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing Applications Development Environment. CADMADE includes not only graphics programming support, but also high level procedures to support the creation of geometric modeling, mechanical design, manufacturing, expert systems and user interface software. The requirements of CADMADE have been created. CADMADE consists of five environments: the User Interface Environment (UIE), the Design and Modeling Environment (DME), the Virtual Manufacturing Environment (VME), the Expert Consultation Environment (ECE) and the PHIGS+ Environment. The User Interface Environment has been designed in great detail. A prototype of the User Interface Environment has been created using PHIGS. Examples of applications programs which use the prototype User Interface Environment are presented. The Design and Modeling Environment has also been designed. A new set of logical input/output devices has been created for the Design and Modeling Environment. The requirements of the Expert Consultation Environment and some new concepts in expert system consultation are discussed.
Designing Linux for wearable and ubiquitous computing (1999)

According to DARPA, we are approaching the production of 8 billion microprocessors a year. Only 2% of these processors are used in devices commonly considered a computer by the public, and the most common operating systems address only a fraction of this market. As computers shrink, integrating into the user's clothing or disappearing into the environment, the desktop will be replaced as the dominate software platform for users. However, current desktop operating systems and the prevaling paradigms are ill-prepared for this change as evidenced by the billion dollars invested in pen computing in the early 1990's without a successful product (remedied with the relatively recent release of the Palm Pilot and its rule-breaking approach). Linux is a clear contender for the future operating system of choice across a wide range of devices and user interfaces due to its scalability, real-time capabilities, reliability, design, pricing, development cost, and immunity to obsolescence. However, the Linux community must be aware of upcoming computing trends and direct the operating system appropriately. This talk will examine how Linux and other open source projects are being used in the wearable computing community and will discuss the difficult issues foreseen by the wearable and ubiquitous computing communities.
Exotica (1995)

This paper is an overview of the Exotica project, currently in progress at the IBM Almaden Research Center. The project aims at exploring several research areas from advanced transaction management concepts to client/server architectures and mobile computing within the context of business processes and workflow management. The ultimate goal is to incorporate these ideas into IBM's products and prototypes. The project involves IBM groups in Almaden (U.S.A.), Hursley (U.K.), Boeblingen (Germany), and Vienna (Austria). In this paper we briefly describe two IBM products, FlowMark, a workflow management system, and MQSeries, a messaging system, as the environments in which we are focusing our research. We also discuss some of our results in the areas of availability, replication, distribution, and advanced transaction models, as well as describe our future research directions. 10
METRO-3D: an efficient three-dimensional wafer inspection simulator for next generation lithography (2003)

Wafer inspection schemes for next generation lithography (NGL) will play a key role in controlling defect mechanisms and maintaining an acceptable yield. Developing these wafer inspection schemes will require characterization and optimization of DUV wavelength illumination at high numerical apertures (greater than 0.9) to detect defects that may be a fraction of the design rule. Using wafer inspection test benches that provide the flexibility for various illumination polarizations, numerical apertures, scanning or full field schemes can be extremely costly and therefore simulation of these schemes is necessary to characterize the various detection parameters. To model defects for NGL, three-dimensional simulation tools will be required to simulate highly absorptive material in the environment of shorter wavelength illumination. Also, the simulator will be required to simulate high numerical aperture (NA) inspection schemes to capture small defects. With the development of METRO-3D, a three-dimensional simulation tool that rigorously solves the EM field on arbitrary wafer topographies, we are able to model and characterize the wafer inspection schemes for NGL. In this paper, we will present simulation results from METRO-3D for various wafer inspection schemes, including high numerical aperture schemes, on NGL topographies with highly absorptive materials.
Adaptive LBT for Licensed Assisted Access LTE Networks (2014)

In this paper, an adaptive channel access mechanism is proposed to optimize the performance of licensed-assisted access (LAA) long-term evolution (LTE) small cell networks through joint allocation of licensed and unlicensed spectrum resources all the while ensuring a fair coexistence with Wi-Fi service sets on the unlicensed spectrum. A listen-before- talk (LBT) access mechanism featuring an adaptive distributed control function (DCF) protocol is adopted for the small cell base stations (SBSs), whereby the minimum backoff window size is adaptively adjusted according to the available licensed spectrum bandwidth and Wi-Fi traffic load to satisfy the quality-of-service (QoS) requirements of small cell users (SUs) and minimize the collision probability of Wi-Fi users. Meanwhile, both licensed and unlicensed spectrum bands are jointly allocated to optimize spectrum efficiency. An admission control mechanism is further developed for the SBSs to limit collision with Wi-Fi traffic. Extensive numerical results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed schemes.
Making lectures come to life through labs (2007)

No matter how effective the lecturer or the lecture, nothing can replace the experience and knowledge gained when an audience member obtains first-hand knowledge through practical experiments and labs. This obviously applies to multi-lecture courses, but can even involve simple in-class experiments conducted during the lecture. No matter how and where these labs/experiments are conducted, they are a unique and essential tool in the teaching process. In this chapter we will take a closer look at how labs should be successfully organized, calibrated to the lecture, and evaluated.
TWORAM: Round-Optimal Oblivious RAM with Applications to Searchable Encryption. (2015)

Abstract. We presentTWORAM, the first efficient round-optimal oblivious RAM (ORAM) scheme. TWORAM provides oblivious access of a memory index y in exactly two rounds: The client prepares an encrypted query encapsulating y and sends it to the server. The server accesses memory obliviously and returns en-crypted information containing the desired value M[y]. The cost of TWORAM is only a multiplicative factor of security parameter higher than the tree-based ORAM schemes such as the path ORAM of Stefanov et al. (CCS, 2013).TWORAM gives rise to interesting applications, and in particular to the first fully-secure searchable symmetric encryption scheme where search is sublinear and search pattern is not leaked—access pattern can also be concealed if we assume the doc-uments are stored in the obliviously accessed memory M. 1
<title>Applications Of Infrared Transmitting Glasses In Electro-Optic Systems</title> (1982)

The electro-optical applications of infrared transmitting materials are extensive. The IR transmitting glasses which are being developed and investigated for these applications will be briefly reviewed. Glasses offer ease of formability particularly for fiber optics and the potential for obtaining the lowest theoretical losses in the material. A review of the industrial and military electro-optical applications of these glasses will be presented. New families of infrared transmitting glasses have been discovered which may have advantages over the existing infrared transmitting materials which are typically used as bulk optics in electro-optical applications. In addition, the availability of infrared transmitting fiber optics, in the relatively near term, is an exciting prospect because such fibers will allow a new degree of freedom in systems&apos; design. This paper examines the properties of the newer infrared transmitting glasses and their usefulness in commercial and military systems.
6-mW Single-Mode High-Speed 1550-nm Wafer-Fused VCSELs for DWDM Application (2017)

This paper presents data on wafer-fused 1550-nm vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) based on the active region and distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) grown by molecular beam epitaxy. VCSELs with a tunnel junction aperture diameter of 8 μm show lasing at a threshold current density j <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> <; 3 kA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , an output optical power of ~4 mW, and a -3 dB bandwidth of approximately 7 GHz at a 10-mA bias current. The devices demonstrate single-mode continuous wave operation with the transverse side-mode suppression ratio (SMSR) varying in the range of 40-45 dB up to roll-over currents. The increase in mirror losses due to the etching of the top DBR makes the output optical power increase to 6 mW and causes the wallplug efficiency value to reach 20%, but SMSR remains in the range of 40-45 dB. This also makes it possible to reduce both the photon lifetime and, as a result, the effect of damping and increase the modulation bandwidth to 9 GHz. The observed open and clear eye diagrams indicate that non-return-to-zero operation is possible at bit rates of up to 30 Gbps without equalization or forward error correction. The high-output optical power and modulation performance pave the way for the dense wavelength division multiplexing application of wafer-fused 1550-nm VCSELs.
Effect of Workpiece Material on Surface Roughness in Ultraprecision Raster Milling (2012)

This article presents theoretical and experimental investigations into the effect of the workpiece material on surface roughness in ultraprecision raster milling (UPRM). The influence of material elastic recovery on chip thickness and surface generation in UPRM is studied. A holistic surface roughness prediction model is developed by considering the influences of cutting parameters, tool geometry and the material elastic recovery on surface generation. The experimental results show that the proposed surface roughness prediction model makes a more precise prediction by adding the elastic recovery rate as a material factor, and the presence of elastic recovery improves the surface finishing of the raster milled surface. The material effect on surface roughness decreases with the increasing of feed rate. The precipitates in the machining of aluminum alloy 6061 result in the generation of imperfection on the raster milled surface. The machining of aluminum bronze has the greatest influence on surface roughness among the three materials being cut, which is due to its high elastic recovery rate and hardness.
Oxytocin Receptor Polymorphisms are Differentially Associated with Social Abilities across Neurodevelopmental Disorders (2017)

Oxytocin is a pituitary neuropeptide that affects social behaviour. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) have been shown to explain some variability in social abilities in control populations. Whether these variants similarly contribute to the severity of social deficits experienced by children with neurodevelopmental disorders is unclear. Social abilities were assessed in a group of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD, n = 341) or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD, n = 276) using two established social measures. Scores were compared by OXTR genotype (rs53576, rs237887, rs13316193, rs2254298). Unexpectedly, the two most frequently studied OXTR SNPs in the general population (rs53576 and rs2254298) were associated with an increased severity of social deficits in ASD (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0005), yet fewer social deficits in ADHD (p = 0.007 and p < 0.0001). We conclude that these genetic modifier alleles are not inherently risk-conferring with respect to their impact on social abilities; molecular investigations are greatly needed.
Extracellular Matrix Metalloproteinase Inducer Regulates Metalloproteinases in Human Uterine Endometrium (2006)

The ability of EMMPRIN to stimulate MMP secretion by endometrial fibroblasts indicates its potential role in uterine remodeling and the pathogenesis of endometriosis.
Quality of Experience-based Routing of Video Traffic for Overlay and ISP Networks (2018)

The surge of video traffic is a challenge for service providers that need to maximize Quality of Experience (QoE) while optimizing the cost of their infrastructure. In this paper, we address the problem of routing multiple HTTP-based Adaptive Streaming (HAS) sessions to maximize QoE. We first design a QoS-QoE model incorporating different QoE metrics which is able to learn online network variations and predict their impact on representative classes of adaptation logic, video motion and client resolution. Different QoE metrics are then combined into a QoE score based on ITU-T Rec. P.1202.2. This rich score is used to formulate the routing problem. We show that, even with a piece-wise linear QoE function in the objective, the routing problem without controlled rate allocation is non-linear. We therefore express a routing-plus-rate allocation problem and make it scalable with a dual subgradient approach based on Lagrangian relaxation where subproblems select a single path for each request with a trivial search, thereby connecting explicitly QoE, QoE and HAS bitrate. We show with ns-3 simulations that our algorithm provides values for HAS QoE metrics (quality, rebufferings, variation) equivalent to MILP and better than QoS-based approaches.
Abstract 369: D5 Dopamine Receptor Decreases Reactive Oxygen Species via Heme Oxygenase-1 (2012)

D5 dopamine receptor (D5R) knock-out mice (D5-/-) have higher blood pressure and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production than their D5R wild-type littermates (D5+/+), related in part to increased NADPH oxidase expression and activity. We tested the hypothesis that the high blood pressure and increased ROS production in D5-/- mice may also be related to decreased heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression and activity. We found that renal HO-1 protein expression and HO enzyme activity were decreased (by 65% and 50%, respectively) in D5-/- relative to D5+/+ mice. A 24 h of administration of hemin, an HO-1 inducer, increased HO-1 protein expression and HO activity (6.8-fold and 1.9-fold, respectively) in D5-/- but not D5+/+ mice and normalized the increased blood pressure and ROS production in D5-/- mice. Expression of HO-1 protein and HO activity were increased (2.3-fold and 1.5-fold, respectively) in HEK cells which heterologously expressed human wild-type D5R (HEK-hD5R) but not empty vector-transfected HEK-293 cells. Fenoldopam (Fen) treatment increased HO-1 protein expression and HO activity and HO-1 and D5R co-localization and co-immunoprecipitation in HEK-hD5R cells. Basal cellular ROS production was decreased by 35% in HEK-hD5R that was abrogated with silencing of the HO-1 gene. HO-1 siRNA also decreased the ability of Fen to decrease ROS production in HEK-hD5R cells. In summary, the D5R positively regulates HO-1 activity through direct protein/protein interaction in the short-term and by increasing HO-1 protein expression, in the long-term. Impaired D5R regulation of HO-1 may be involved in the pathogenesis and maintenance of hypertension in D5-/- mice.
Development of Scalable Processes for the Preparation of N-Methyl-3-Bromo-5-Methyl Pyrazole (2017)

The development and optimization of two scalable routes to N-methyl-3-bromo-5-methyl pyrazole is described. The initial Sandmeyer route entailed a three-step sequence from crotonitrile and methyl hydrazine, proceeding through the 3-amino pyrazole intermediate. Due to the GTI liability of the 3-amino pyrazole intermediate, a tedious steam-distillation, and <30% overall yield, we developed a second-generation Sandmeyer-free approach from methyl crotonate and methyl hydrazine which leveraged a condensation, bromination, and oxidation sequence. Process development led to the improved preparation of N-methyl-3-bromo-5-methyl pyrazole with increased efficiency and overall yield. The isolation, handling, and storage of the final product was greatly improved through the generation of the triflic acid salt, and salt form studies are also discussed.
MO‐F‐141‐01: X‐Ray Tubes for Medical Imaging (2013)

Why do we find 500+ types of X‐ray tubes on the market? Why still vacuum technology to generate Bremsstrahlung, ca. 120 years after Conrad Roentgen's discovery? How do X‐ray tubes function and look like? What's next? (When?) Will we see the X‐ray LED' s, compact X‐ray Lasers or flat panel sources in medical imaging? These and more questions will be answered in this lecture. We will shortly dive into physics of X‐ray generation, study key characteristics, material boundary conditions, manufacturing technology. We will identify the quality parameters, which allow us to compare and select the proper source.In more detail we will understand design concepts of glass and metal frame, single ended and dual polar tubes, stationary anode tubes with reflection and transmission targets. We will devote a larger portion to rotating anode tubes, their bearings, anode discs, motors, cooling, heat balance. We will talk about electron emitters and beam focusing, focal spot characteristics, MTF, off‐focal radiation, focal spot deflection, stability. Side effects need to be mentioned like leakage and scattered radiation. Tube life will be discussed, ageing effects, failure pareto distributions, end‐of‐life indicators and overall cost drivers. Employee of Philips Healthcare
Geographic variation and bias in polygenic scores of complex diseases and traits in Finland (2018)

Abstract Polygenic scores (PS) are becoming a useful tool to identify individuals with high genetic risk for complex diseases and several projects are currently testing their utility for translational applications. It is also tempting to use PS to assess whether genetic variation can explain a part of the geographic distribution of a phenotype. However, it is not well known how population genetic properties of the training and target samples affect the geographic distribution of PS. Here, we evaluate geographic differences, and related biases, of PS in Finland with geographically well-defined sample of 2,376 individuals from the National FINRISK study. First, we detect geographic differences in PS for coronary artery disease (CAD), rheumatoid arthritis, schizophrenia, waits-hip ratio (WHR), body-mass index (BMI) and height, but not for Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis. Second, we use height as a model trait to thoroughly assess the possible population genetic biases in PS and apply similar approaches to the other phenotypes. Most importantly, we detect suspiciously large accumulation of geographic differences for CAD, WHR, BMI and height, suggesting bias arising from population genetic structure rather than from a direct genotype-phenotype association. This work demonstrates how sensitive the geographic patterns of current PS are for small biases even within relatively homogenous populations and provides simple tools to identify such biases. A thorough understanding of the effects of population genetic structure on PS is essential for translational applications of PS.
Effects of sex steroids on survival and receptor expression in ovarian epithelial tumour cells (2003)

The factors that govern the genesis and progression of ovarian cancer remain unclear. It is thought that ovarian tumours are endocrine related and hormone dependent. We therefore investigated the effects of the sex steroids progesterone, testosterone and 17 beta-estradiol on tumour cell survival and the expression of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) in tumour cells. The study was performed on primary cell cultures derived from patients suffering from epithelial ovarian cancer. The majority of the cells isolated expressed ER and PR to some degree, the combination ER+/PR+ was the most common. Both ER and PR expression decreased after 72-h culture, revealing an unexpectedly dynamic system. The survival rates of cells cultured in progesterone seemed to be inversely related to their PR expression. Lowering levels of 17 beta-estradiol and testosterone in cell cultures reduced cell survival, but it appears that this observation depends on factors other than ER.
GaN-Based High-Frequency High-Energy Delivery Transformer Push–Pull Inverter for Ultrasound Pulsing Application (2017)

Pulse generator in an ultrasound system produces electrical pulsing signals to drive piezoelectric transducer, which causes mechanical vibration of the crystals and generates sound waves. Different from conventional imaging short pulses, high-power ultrasonic system for therapeutic applications requires MHz pulses bursts of up to tens of milliseconds. The capability of switching high voltage (±90 V) at multi-MHz, delivering effective power efficiently, is crucial for practical systems. The advantages of low device loss at high switching frequency, and high power density make gallium nitride (GaN) high electron mobility transistors better devices than traditional silicon (Si) MOSFETs in such system. The GaN-based high-frequency transformer push-pull inverter presented in this paper is capable to produce high energy pulsating output with burst pulse length up to 50 ms and bipolar pulse amplitude of 180 Vpp. The maximum pulse frequency can be up to 10 MHz. The peak output power is 90 W with power density of 50.85 W/in <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The peak power for all the 128 pulser channels reaches up to 11.5 KW with average power of 192 W. This is the highest output power for pulse drivers that have been reported. A novel power transistor based RF switch circuit is also proposed in this design as the interface between image signal, high power signal, and return signal.
Supplementary Movie 1 from Differential Transplantability of Tumor-Associated Stromal Cells (2023)

Supplementary Movie 1 from Differential Transplantability of Tumor-Associated Stromal Cells
Poison-Tolerant Fuel Cells (2009)

Alternatives to nickel-based electrocatalysts are being pursued to circumvent the problems contributing to the performance degradation of high-temperature fuel cells.
Phase I Study of Oral CI-994 in Combination with Carboplatin and Paclitaxel in the Treatment of Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors (2004)

The combination of CI-994 at a dose of 4 mg/m2 administered orally for 7 consecutive days can be safely coadministered with paclitaxel at a dose of 225 mg/m2 and carboplatin at an AUC of 6 on day 1 of a 21-day cycle. Evidence of antitumor activity is suggested and may correlate with histone modulation.