gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In-the-flash pulse shape discrimination with liquid scintillators (2008)

Single neutron and gamma charge pulses were captured using a fast ADC. These data were used to populate simulated 5-µs active interrogation flash events. Analysis of these simulations revealed that long pulse tail accumulation during the flash leads to an unpredictable charge background for several microseconds after the flash. The existence of this changing background will make retrieving prompt neutron information immediately after the flash problematic. The tail accumulation is accentuated for every pulse in the flash, making the time just after the last pulse in the flash the worst possible time to measure prompt neutron data. Obtaining prompt neutron data during the flash—particularly near the beginning of the flash, where background tail accumulation is minimal—is feasible if shielding is used to control the count rates, but requires fast gamma-neutron pulse shape discrimination. A means of accentuating the pulse shape difference between neutron and gamma data is given, along with a means of compensating for the long pulse components in the dominant gamma pulses.
Nickel–Alumina Catalysts in the Reaction of Carbon Dioxide Re-Forming of Methane under Thermal and Microwave Heating (2017)

The activity of 10% Ni/Al2O3 and 10% Ni/Al2O3-F catalysts prepared by sol–gel method was studied in the carbon dioxide methane re-forming under thermal and microwave heating. It is found that replacement of thermal for microwave heating results in stable activity restoration with substantial suppression of coke formation. Thermodynamic calculation of reactants and products equilibrium concentrations in the main and side reactions, including soot formation, shows that in the microwave-activated process of carbon dioxide methane re-forming on 10% Ni/Al2O3-F the reactions of carbon and perhaps methane steam re-forming are significantly intensified. Physicochemical methods (DRIFT spectroscopy, adsorption measurements by the BET method) revealed differences in surface properties of catalysts (specific surface area, pore volume, acidity), as well as electronic state of nickel. The results obtained demonstrate the perspectives of the microwave activation of the reactions of carbon dioxide re-forming not only in the case of methane but also in the cases of ethane and propane, where the problem of coke formation and catalyst deactivation is even more significant.
Web-based Image Preference (2013)

Some experimenters have begun to carry out image preference experiments over the web, with observers completing the task in their own time and using their own display devices. This reduces the administrative overhead, and opens the possibility to huge numbers of potential observers. However, we have to surrender some control over viewing conditions. In previous work, we evaluated an existing web-based paired comparison experiment against a lab-based counterpart and found that, generally, the two variants did not correlate to a significantly high degree. In this work we extend that study with the development of our own web-based research platform with greater control over viewing conditions and much larger quantities of observers (over 1,000, with more than 26,000 individual observations). With this, we show much more positive correlation between the web- and lab-based variants. We also show the similarity or otherwise between the two variants as a function of time, which reveals how many web-based observations are required to achieve stable results.
High performance SRAMs in 1.5 V, 0.18 μm partially depleted SOI technology (2003)

This paper describes high speed SRAMs with read access time below 500 ps and a cycle time around 2 GHz in 1.5 V, 0.18 /spl mu/m partially depleted (PD) SOI CMOS technology. The paper also provides the robust designs to improve performance and functionality in PD SOI. The highlights of the paper are optimized timing for pseudostatic circuits, novel design of the sense amplifier, design techniques to improve functionality and performance at high temperatures and cell stability. Also a full functional SRAM (Directory, L1 Cache and other SRAMs) hardware with high yields is demonstrated by providing extensive test pattern coverage generated by a programmable "Array-Built-In-Self-Test" (ABIST).
Performance features of Pt/BaO lean NOx trap with hydrogen as reductant (2009)

Abstract The performance of a model Pt/BaO/Al 2 O 3 monolith catalyst was studied using H 2 as the reductant. The dependence of product selectivities on operating parameters is reported, including the durations of regeneration and storage times, feed composition and temperature, and monolith temperature. The data are explained in terms of a phenomenological model factoring in the transport, kinetic, and spatio‐temporal effects. The Pt/BaO catalyst exhibits high cycle‐averaged NOx conversion above 100°C, generating a mixture of N 2 and byproducts NH 3 and N 2 O. The cycle‐averaged NOx conversion exhibits a maximum at about 300°C corresponding to the NOx storage maximum. The N 2 selectivity exhibits a maximum at a somewhat higher temperature, at which point the NH 3 selectivity exhibits a minimum. This trend conveys the intermediate role of NH 3 in reacting with stored NOx. Both N 2 and N 2 O are also formed during the storage steps from the oxidation of NH x species produced during the regeneration. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Multivariable Control of Vapor Compression Cycle With Transient Heat Flux (2013)

This paper investigates feedback control of refrigeration cycles for high heat-flux cooling applications, where large transient heat loads may be present. We apply H∞ controller synthesis for disturbance rejection, with the evaporator heat-flux treated as the disturbance input. The controller synthesis is based on model linearization about a chosen operating point. We analyze model uncertainty due to the linearization error to ensure robustness of the closed-loop systems. We use a low-order, lumped-element nonlinear model for the vapor compression cycle. We obtain linearized systems at different operating points, and quantify system nonlinearity using the H∞ norm. Controllers synthesized for the chosen nominal systems are tested for both nominal (near the operating point) and the worst-case performance in nonlinear simulations. For systems close to critical heat-flux (CHF), it is shown that a trade-off exists between the nominal performance and robust stability. For systems far away from CHF, it is shown that the open-loop system has the optimal cooling capacity. The performance of H∞ controller for systems near CHF is validated by experiment.
Producing Large-Particle Monodisperse Latexes (1986)

Chemical process produces latex particles of relatively large, uniform size for use as size standards for instrument calibration. Process, based on seeding of mixture by very small latex particles, yields particles measuring 2 to 30 micrometer or more in average size. Produces monodisperse latexes in which deviation from average size is less than 2 percent. Particles used directly, without tedious separation procedures for removing off-size particles.
Block copolymers via macromercaptan initiated ring opening polymerization (2010)

Abstract Poly(styrene) macromercaptanes ( M n = 1900, 3600, and 6100 g mol −1 , PDI ≈ 1.2) derived from thiocarbonyl thio capped polymers prepared via reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization were employed to initiate the ring opening polymerization (ROP) of D , L ‐lactide under conditions of organo‐catalyis employing 4,4‐dimethylaminopyridine. Poly(styrene)‐ block ‐poly(lactide) polymers of number average molecular weights up to 25,000 g mol −1 ( PDI ≈ 1.2 to 1.6) were obtained and characterized via multiple detection size exclusion chromatography (SEC) using refractive index as well as UV detection. In addition, diffusion ordered nuclear magnetic resonance and liquid chromatography at critical conditions (of both polystyrene as well as poly(lactide) were employed to assess the copolymers' structure. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that polyethylenes capped with a thiol moiety can also be readily chain extended in a ROP employing D , L ‐lactide, evidenced via NMR and high temperature SEC. This study indicates that the direct use of macromercaptantes is indeed a methodology to switch from a radical to a ROP process. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Integrating structured abstracts in the Journal of Medical Imaging (2020)

An editorial by Editor-in-Chief Maryellen Giger explains the journal's transition to structured abstracts.
Measuring the Elastic Modulus of Small Tissue Samples (1998)

Independent measurements of the elastic modulus (Young's modulus) of tissue are necessary step in turning elasticity imaging into a clinical tool. A system capable of measuring the elastic modulus of small tissue samples was developed. The system tolerates the constraints of biological tissue, such as limited sample size (< or = 1.5 cm3) and imperfections in sample geometry. A known deformation is applied to the tissue sample while simultaneously measuring the resulting force. These measurements are then converted to an elastic modulus, where the conversion uses prior calibration of the system with plastisol samples of known Young's modulus. Accurate measurements have been obtained from 10 to 80 kPa, covering a wide range of tissue modulus values. In addition, the performance of the system was further investigated using finite element analysis. Finally, preliminary elasticity measurements on canine kidney samples are presented and discussed.
Human Motion Prediction using Semi-adaptable Neural Networks (2018)

Human motion prediction is an important component to facilitate human robot interaction. Robots need to accurately predict human's future movement in order to safely plan its own motion trajectories and efficiently collaborate with humans. Many recent approaches predict human's movement using deep learning methods, such as recurrent neural networks. However, existing methods lack the ability to adapt to time-varying human behaviors, and many of them do not quantify uncertainties in the prediction. This paper proposes an approach that uses a semi-adaptable neural network for human motion prediction, and provides uncertainty bounds of the predictions in real time. In particular, a neural network is trained offline to represent the human motion transition model, and then recursive least square parameter adaptation algorithm (RLS-PAA) is adopted for online parameter adaptation of the neural network and for uncertainty estimation. Experiments on several human motion datasets verify that the proposed method significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art approach in terms of prediction accuracy and computation efficiency.
Biochemical evidence that an S431F mutation in acetylcholinesterase‐1 of Aphis gossypii mediates resistance to pirimicarb and omethoate (2004)

Molecular changes in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) leading to target-site resistance to carbamate and organophosphate insecticides have recently been identified. Of particular interest is the S431F mutation in ace2 and its orthologue ace1 of Myzus persicae Sulzer and Aphis gossypii Glover, respectively. This mutation has been correlated with resistance to pirimicarb, but biochemical evidence has not yet been provided. Here, we describe for the first time that recombinantly expressed AChE1 from A gossypii carrying the S431F mutation is insensitive to pirimicarb and omethoate, but sensitive to demeton-S-methyl and hypersensitive to carbofuran. Furthermore, site-directed mutagenesis of the serine residue at position 431 in ace1 from a pirimicarb-susceptible clone of A gossypii conferred insensitivity to pirimicarb. We conclude that AChE1 of A gossypii is the target of toxicological relevance of carbamates and organophosphates.
Co-integration of high-performance and high-breakdown SiGe HBTs in a BiCMOS technology (2012)

Having two, or more, transistors with different values of f <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</inf> and BV <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CEO</inf> provides flexibility to circuit designers in making tradeoffs of power and performance. The process complexity and resulting cost of fabricating these transistors on the same wafer is another important factor. Three different approaches for co-integrating high-performance and high-breakdown SiGe npn HBTs with minimal process deviation are presented herein. The work features a high-performance HBT with f <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</inf> × BV <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CEO</inf> product of 500GHz-V and a high-breakdown HBT with over 430GHz-V integrated on the same wafer with one-mask deviation.
Polydimethylsiloxane: Optical properties from 191 to 1688 nm (0.735–6.491 eV) of the liquid material by spectroscopic ellipsometry (2018)

Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is an important polymer with numerous applications. Herein, the authors report the optical function(s) of PDMS from 191 to 1688 nm as determined from reflection spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) and transmission ultraviolet-visible data. Two commercial samples of liquid PDMS (PDMS700 and PDMS2000) with molecular weights of 700–1500 g/mol and 2000–3500 g/mol, respectively, were analyzed. Both samples were linear polymers terminated with silanol groups. The optical functions determined from the two materials were essentially identical. Both the reflection and transmission measurements obtained from these materials required special experimental considerations. For the reflection SE measurements, these included roughening (frosting) the inside of the vessel that held PDMS and the need to level the instrument instead of the samples. The transmission measurements were obtained via a dual cuvette approach that eliminated the effects of the cuvettes and their interfaces. In addition to analyzing the data from the individual samples, the SE data from the samples were considered together in a multisample analysis (MSA). Because both samples of PDMS were transparent over the measured wavelength range, and because of the relatively wide wavelength range considered, the optical functions here were fit with Sellmeier models. This produced a good fit for the MSA with a mean squared error value of 1.68. The optical functions obtained in this work agreed well with previously reported values. For example, for the MSA, the authors obtained the following nx values, where x is the wavelength in nanometers: n300 = 1.443, n500 = 1.407, and n1000 = 1.393.
2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxy-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)valeric acid: a new cleavable monofunctional reagent for monoclonal antibody labeling. (1994)

The synthesis and preliminary biological assays of a new monofunctional reagent to reversible derivatize monoclonal antibodies is described. This compound, comprising a 1,4-polyiol moiety, is cleavable by means of sodium periodate in mild conditions; moreover it also contains a phenolic residue suitable for 125I labelling and a carboxylic group for reaction with epsilon-lysyl amino group of antibodies. These features are suitable to study the monoclonal antibodies cell-internalization process and antigen expression on cell surface. The 125I labelled reagent has been coupled to the monoclonal antibody AR-3, an IgG1 directed toward the CAR-3 antigen widely expressed on human ovarian and colorectal adenocarcinomas. The cleavage capability is tested in different conditions both on reagent and on derivatized MAb. Cell labelling experiments are performed both on target and untarget cell lines.
Comparison of NDTI Methodologies to Classify Infrastructure in an Urban Battlespace From Thermal IR Signatures (2008)

Abstract : A major challenge of remote infrastructure classification is to distinguish pavements from roofs. We proposed that, due to their differing thermal masses, these elements will heat and cool differently. Therefore, their thermal infrared (IR) signatures will differ throughout a 24-hour cycle. We propose a method to rapidly identify urban infrastructure that will assist the Future Force in dominating the urban battlespace to the same degree that the current force dominates open terrain. We developed a fundamental thermal heating model for these infrastructure elements, and tested the model on spectral data gathered by NASA's Advanced Thermal and Land Applications Sensor (ATLAS) instrument. ATLAS is a 15-channel multispectral scanner that includes both the standard visible and near-IR bands, and adds additional bands in the middle reflective infrared and thermal infrared range (TIR). Image processing techniques were applied to the imagery, focusing on the thermal bands (1015). A new indicator was proposed and tested in this research, the Normalized Difference Thermal Index (NDTI). Development and verification of the thermal model was described in a paper presented at the 25th Army Science Conference (McInerney et. al., 2006). The NDTI is based on the premise that materials have different spectral responses, so that ratioing the significantly distinguishing bands will provide a sensitive and comparable test of thermal character. In analyzing the results, the desire was to have the roofs and pavements appear distinctly separate. Statistical analysis of the NDTI technique was conducted to find the range, mean, and standard deviation of cells that were of either the pavement or roof type. NDTIs from these bands produce well-defined images that accurately identify ground-truth points, as shown in the image of downtown Atlanta.
Command surfaces, 20. Fixation of surface‐assisted homogeneous alignment of nematic liquid crystals by cationic photopolymerization (1996)

Abstract The surface‐assisted alignment of a nematic liquid crystal yields a persistent ordered structure upon cationic photopolymerization of liquid‐crystalline epoxides. Linearly polarized light irradiation of a photocrosslinkable polymer containing azobenzene moieties played a crucial role in this procedure since the photoinduced alignment is not deteriorated by heating for polymerization.
Cu-Free 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Click Reactions To Form Isoxazole Linkers in Chelating Ligands for fac-[MI(CO)3]+ Centers (M = Re, 99mTc) (2014)

Isoxazole ring formation was examined as a potential Cu-free alternative click reaction to Cu(I)-catalyzed alkyne/azide cycloaddition. The isoxazole reaction was explored at macroscopic and radiotracer concentrations with the fac-[M(I)(CO)3](+) (M = Re, (99m)Tc) core for use as a noncoordinating linker strategy between covalently linked molecules. Two click assembly methods (click, then chelate and chelate, then click) were examined to determine the feasibility of isoxazole ring formation with either alkyne-functionalized tridentate chelates or their respective fac-[M(I)(CO)3](+) complexes with a model nitrile oxide generator. Macroscale experiments, alkyne-functionalized chelates, or Re complexes indicate facile formation of the isoxazole ring. (99m)Tc experiments demonstrate efficient radiolabeling with click, then chelate; however, the chelate, then click approach led to faster product formation, but lower yields compared to the Re analogues.
MO877PREVALENCE AND PERSISTENCE OF COVID-19 ANTIBODIES IN NEW YORK CITY HEMODIALYSIS CLINIC (2021)

Abstract Background and Aims Dialysis patients are at higher risk for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Longevity of antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 infection remains unclear. It is reported that maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients can mount an antibody response that is similar in intensity and timing to the non-dialysis population. We aim to investigate the prevalence and persistence of antibodies in hemodialysis patients. Method We measured IgG and IgM antibodies in MHD patients as part of a quality improvement project. Four New York City dialysis clinics participated in this study. Strict policy of RT-PCR testing was implemented in clinics for patients with signs and symptoms of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Initial antibody testing was done on June 10 and July 13, 2020 (phase 1) and retesting was done for previously positive patients between December 9 and 17, 2020 (phase 2). Upon obtaining verbal consent, 3.5 ml of pre-dialysis blood samples were taken via vascular access. SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were determined using the emergency use authorized Diazyme DZ-Lite SARS-CoV-2 IgM / IgG CLIA assays with 100% sensitivity and 98% specificity. Detection of formed immune-complexes is achieved with N-(4-amino-butyl)-N-ethyl-isoluminol; the luminescence signal is reported as units per ml (AU/ml), values ≥ 1.00 AU/ml are considered as “reactive” and &amp;lt; 1.00 AU/ml as “non-reactive.” Results A total of 429 MHD patients were studied in phase 1. Antibodies were present in 130 (30.3%) and only 55 patients with Covid-19 diagnosis confirmed by RT-PCR test were reactive for IgG antibodies. The time to antibody testing was 73 days (median 77; range 30-111) days. In the phase 2 antibody testing, IgG antibodies were only detected in 47 patients (85.5%) 242 days (median 245, range 204 to 268) after clinical diagnosis of Covid-19. Between the two phases of antibody testing, the luminescence signal declined by 40.9 AU/mL (95% confidence interval 31.5 to 50.3) from 54.1±45.3 to 13.2±20.9 AU/mL (P&amp;lt;0.0001 by paired t-test; Figure 1). In univariate logistic regression, a higher number of days between clinical diagnosis of COVID-19 and the second antibody measurement was associated with a lower seropositivity rate (odds ratio 0.929, 95% confidence interval 0.864 to 0.998, P=0.044). Antibody persistence was not associated with age, gender, race, and ethnicity. Conclusion We observed that about 6 out of 7 MHD patients maintain SARS-CoV-2 antibodies over 6-9 months but there is a significant decline of IgG level. The time between clinical diagnosis and IgG testing was associated with IgG decline. Follow up study to understand antibody dynamics in MHD population is a crucial step once vaccines become available.
Molecular Photomagnets (2016)

Manipulation and control of electronic properties of a material by light stimuli is an appealing perspective for applications in data storage and/or sensing. Systems showing light-induced modification of magnetic properties are known as photomagnetic materials. To date, research in photomagneticmaterials has examined both fundamental aspects and practical applications. The fundamental research orientates efforts to understand the origin of the photomagnetic effect, that is, the intrinsic phenomenon at the atomic level, whereas the applied research deals with realization of devices applied for shaping these materials.