gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human Embryonic Stem Cells: Lessons from Stem Cell Niches in vivo (2008)

In vivo the stem cell niche is an essential component in controlling and maintaining the stem cells' ability to survive and respond to injury. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) appear to be an exception to this rule as they can be removed from their blastocytic microenvironment and maintained indefinitely in vitro. However, recent observations reveal the existence of an autonomously derived in vitro hESC niche. This provides a previously unappreciated mechanism to control hESC expansion and differentiation. Recognizing this, it may now be possible to take aspects of in vivo stem cell niches, namely extracellular matrices, paracrine signals and accessory cell types, and exploit them in order to gain fidelity in directed hESC differentiation. In doing so, routine customization of hESC lines and their application in regenerative therapies may be further enhanced using unique hESC niche-based approaches.
Supplementary Figure S3 from Small-Molecule Prodigiosin Restores p53 Tumor Suppressor Activity in Chemoresistant Colorectal Cancer Stem Cells via c-Jun-Mediated ΔNp73 Inhibition and p73 Activation (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Prodigiosin is non-toxic at the therapeutic dose in vivo.&lt;/p&gt;
Dependence of inhomogeneous vibrational linewidth broadening on attractive forces from local liquid number densities (1982)

The dependence of inhomogeneous vibrational linewidth broadening on attractive forces form slowly varying local liquid number densities is examined. The recently developed Schweizer–Chandler theory of vibrational dephasing is used to compute absolute inhomogeneous broadening linewidths. The computed linewidths are compared to measured inhomogeneous broadening linewidths determined using picosecond vibrational dephasing experiments. There is a similarity between correlations of the Schweizer–Chandler and George–Auweter–Harris predicted inhomogeneous broadening linewidths and the measured inhomogeneous broadening linewidths. For the methyl stretches under investigation, this correspondence suggests that the width of the number density distribution in the liquid determines the relative inhomogeneous broadening magnitudes. (AIP)
Does intrabiliary pressure predict basal sphincter of Oddi pressure? A study in patients with and without gallbladders (1996)

Background: The endoscopic measurement of sphincter of Oddi pressure is a technically difficult procedure requiring significant expertise. Intrabiliary pressure is technically easy to measure. Furthermore, since it is believed that the pathogenesis of pain in patients with sphincter of Oddi dysfunction is attributable to increased intrabiliary pressure, its measurement may be more clinically relevant than measurement of sphincter of Oddi pressure. Methods: Intrabiliary pressures were blindly measured in 54 patients who had sphincter of Oddi manometry for abdominal pain. Results: In all patients intrabiliary pressure was significantly higher in patients with sphincter of Oddi dysfunction than those with normal sphincter of Oddi pressure (19.6 ± 2.2 vs 9.6 ± 1.2 mm Hg; p < 0.01). These findings were similar when patients were stratified according to presence of intact gallbladder (19.3 ± 1.6 vs 8.8 ± 1.4; p < .001) and to patients without a gallbladder (20.1 ± 3.8 vs 12/1 ± 1.3; p = .034). There was positive correlation between intrabiliary pressure and sphincter of Oddi basal pressure. This correlation was significant both in patients with and without gallbladders. Conclusions: These data suggest that increased intrabiliary pressure may be a useful surrogate marker of sphincter of Oddi dysfunction. (Gastrointest Endosc 1996;44:696-9.)
Effect of fixed location variation in friction stir welding of steels with different carbon contents (2010)

Dissimilar friction stir welding between steels with different carbon contents was carried out by placing the parent materials at two different fixed locations: the advancing side (AS) and the retreating side (RS). The phase transformation and the depth and width of the weld were affected by the fixed location. A smaller weld nugget was formed, and more martensite transformation occurred when the stronger SK5 steel was fixed at AS, compared to that at RS. This variation was attributed to the difference of temperature and materials flow between AS and RS.
Preparation of C‐5 Substituted Cidofovir Derivatives. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Game-Theoretic Control of Small-Scale Power Systems (2009)

A power system is a collection of individual components that compete for system resources. This paper presents a game theoretic approach to the control decision process of individual sources and loads in small-scale and dc power systems. Framing the power system as a game between players facilitates the definition of individual objectives, which adds modularity and adaptability. The proposed methodology enhances the reliability and robustness of the system by avoiding the need for a central or supervisory control. It is also a way to integrate and combine supply and demand side management into a single approach. Examples are presented that use a simple nine bus dc power system to demonstrate the proposed method for various scenarios and player formulations.
Design of a fuel cell-based battery extender auxiliary power unit for a vehicular microgrid (2014)

Fuel cell-based power units have increasingly become an attractive option to provide clean and efficient electricity in certain niche applications. This paper discusses the characteristics of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell for a battery extender auxiliary power unit and explains the steps of the design process. A two-leg converter topology is proposed to control the fuel cell output, battery charge and discharge process, and the voltage of the DC link. Different operating modes of the system are analyzed and the functions of energy management system are studied. Sizing for the fuel cell, battery, power electronic converter, and passive components are presented, and the controllers of the power electronic converter are designed. Simulation case studies in both steady state and transient conditions are presented to validate the effectiveness of the presented fuel cell-based battery extender power unit and the proposed design process.
Application of Economics Optimizing Control to a Two-step Transesterification Reaction in a Pilot-Scale Reactive Distillation Column (2018)

The challenges in the chemical process industry of tighter environmental and safety constraints, a higher economic efficiency and an operation in a more dynamic environment motivate the utilization of optimizing control where economic policies are integrated into a (often nonlinear) model predictive control scheme. This so-called one-layer approach or dynamic real-time optimization (D-RTO) has the advantage that the processes are dynamically steered towards the most profitable region. High-fidelity dynamic process models are a basic prerequisite for a good controller performance, and building such models is a challenge. Using highly complex models also may lead to long computation times and thus feedback delays. These issues are in practice avoided by applying only steady-state optimization based on nonlinear models (RTO) and/or using simplified models in MPC. However, the development of computational methods that are able to solve large-scale dynamic optimization problems efficiently have paved the way for applications of economics optimizing control to complex chemical processes. In this contribution, we will demonstrate that a real complex pilot-scale chemical processes, a two-step transesterification realized by reactive distillation that is described by a large DAE model can be operated at the economic optimum by using direct optimizing control. We discuss the problem formulation and the numerical methods used and show experimental data that were obtained at the real process.
Immunochemical demonstration of a new pregnancy protein in the mare (1983)

An antiserum against the serum of a pregnant mare was absorbed with stallion serum. This antiserum then gave two precipitates in crossed immunoelectrophoresis with serum from pregnant mares as the antigen. The two precipitates exhibited beta-1 and alpha-2 electrophoretic mobility. Identity was demonstrated between the alpha-2 mobile protein and PMSG. The absorbed antiserum inhibited the biological action of the PMSG preparation when tested in mouse ovarian weight assays. The beta-1 mobile protein was not detected in the serum from non-pregnant mares, stallions or geldings and was detected earlier in pregnancy (Day 30) than was PMSG (Day 42).
DEVELOPMENT OF CONTINUOUS SOLVENT EXTRACTION PROCESSES FOR COAL DERIVED CARBON PRODUCTS (2005)

The purpose of this DOE-funded effort is to develop continuous processes for solvent extraction of coal for the production of carbon products. These carbon products include materials used in metals smelting, especially in the aluminum and steel industries, as well as porous carbon structural material referred to as ''carbon foam'' and carbon fibers. There are a number of parameters which are important for the production of acceptable cokes, including purity, structure, density, electrical resistivity, thermal conductivity etc. From the standpoint of a manufacturer of graphite electrodes such as GrafTech, one of the most important parameters is coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE). Because GrafTech material is usually fully graphitized (i.e., heat treated at 3100 C), very high purity is automatically achieved. The degree of graphitization controls properties such as CTE, electrical resistivity, thermal conductivity, and density. Thus it is usually possible to correlate these properties using a single parameter. CTE has proven to be a useful index for the quality of coke. Pure graphite actually has a slightly negative coefficient of thermal expansion, whereas more disordered carbon has a positive coefficient.
Enhanced B2 transcription in simian virus 40-transformed cells is mediated through the formation of RNA polymerase III transcription complexes on previously inactive genes. (1988)

RNA polymerase III (pol III) transcribes the highly repeated murine B2 elements. We showed previously that the B2 RNAs are induced 4-fold in normal growing cells and 20-fold in simian virus 40-transformed cells relative to the levels in normal confluent cells. By employing chromatin as a template in a partially purified pol III transcription system, we now demonstrate that the augmented expression results from the formation of pol III transcription complexes on previously inactive B2 genes. Extracts prepared from normal growing cells and transformed cells transcribed cloned pol III templates 5-fold more efficiently than extracts from normal confluent cells. This increase was attributed to 5-fold greater levels of factor IIIC; the levels of pol III and factor IIIB were the same in all extracts. We discuss how the levels of IIIC and differing accessibility of this factor to repressed B2 genes mediate the formation of pol III transcription complexes in normal growing and transformed cells.
Permanent Bilateral Carotid Filters for Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation (2020)

The Vine™ filter was assessed for safety in sheep and in 2 observational human studies, the completed CAPTURE 1 (n = 25) and the ongoing CAPTURE 2 (planned n = 100). CAPTURE 1 has shown high procedural and long-term implant safety. A control group was not available for comparison. A mechanical filter for permanent stroke prevention can be implanted bilaterally in the common carotid artery safely and efficiently. A randomized trial is planned for 2021 (n = 3500, INTERCEPT) to demonstrate superiority of a filter + anticoagulation strategy over anticoagulation alone in patients at high risk for ischemic stroke.
Granulocyte Support Therapy of Lethally and Sublethally Irradiated Bacterial-Infected Mice with Permanent Cell Lines of Granulocyte-Macrophage Progenitor Cells (1982)

Greenberger, Joel S. M.D.; Kuras, Susan B.S.; Hoffman, Nancy B.S.; Newburger, Peter E. M.D. Author Information
Identification of microRNA activity by Targets' Reverse EXpression (2009)

Software is available at http://aqua.unife.it and is free for all users with no login requirement.
Tuning of Optical Band Gaps:  Syntheses, Structures, Magnetic Properties, and Optical Properties of CsLnZnSe3 (Ln = Sm, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Y) (2002)

Eight new quaternary selenides CsSmZnSe(3), CsTbZnSe(3), CsDyZnSe(3), CsHoZnSe(3,) CsErZnSe(3), CsTmZnSe(3), CsYbZnSe(3), and CsYZnSe(3) have been synthesized with the use of high-temperature solid-state experimental methods. These compounds are isostructural with KZrCuS(3), crystallizing with four formula units in the orthorhombic space group Cmcm. The structure of these CsLnZnSe(3) compounds is composed of [LnZnSe(3)(-)] layers separated by Cs atoms. The Ln atom is octahedrally coordinated by six Se atoms, the Zn atom is tetrahedrally coordinated by four Se atoms, and the Cs atom is coordinated by a bicapped trigonal prism of eight Se atoms. Because there are no Se-Se bonds in the structure, the oxidation state of Cs is 1+, that of Ln is 3+, and that of Zn is 2+. CsYbZnSe(3) exhibits an antiferromagnetic transition at 11 K, whereas CsSmZnSe(3) does not follow a Curie-Weiss law. The remaining rare-earth compounds are paramagnetic, and the calculated effective magnetic moments of the rare-earth ions agree well with their theoretical values. Optical absorption data on face-indexed single crystals of CsSmZnSe(3), CsErZnSe(3), CsYbZnSe(3), and CsYZnSe(3) demonstrate that the optical band gap changes by more than 0.75 eV with the composition and by as much as 0.20 eV with the crystal orientation. The optical band gaps range from 2.63 eV (CsSmZnSe(3), CsErZnSe(3)) to 1.93 eV (CsYbZnSe(3)) for the (010) crystal face and 2.56 eV (CsErZnSe(3)) to 1.88 eV (CsYbZnSe(3)) for the (001) crystal face. The difference in the optical band gap of the (010) face vs the (001) face varies from +0.05 eV (CsYbZnSe(3)) to +0.20 eV (CsSmZnSe(3)).
Probing the quantum surface-response of materials using ultraconfined graphene plasmons (2021)

When graphene is placed in the near vicinity of a metal substrate, graphene plasmons are screened by the metal thereby giving rise to acoustic graphene plasmons. These exhibit record-high field confinement, squeezing light down to nanometer dimensions. Hence, plasmons in such heterostructures make ideal candidates to probe the quantum nonlocal electrodynamic response of the nearby metal. We treat graphene at the level of the RPA and describe the nonclassical optical response of the metal using a framework of mesoscopic electrodynamics based on microscopic surface-response functions, known as Feibelman d-parameters, which embody quantum corrections in the metal’s response. We show that the graphene plasmons’ resonances exhibit quantum shifts due to the quantum surface-response of the metal, and show how these spectral shifts can be used to interrogate the quantum surface-response of metals, thus provide a theoretical basis for experimentally inferring the said quantum surface-response.
Biocatalytic Synthesis of a Nanostructured and Crystalline Bimetallic Perovskite‐Like Barium Oxofluorotitanate at Low Temperature. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Management Training Strategies for Developing Countries (1987)

Assesses the current state of the art of public management training in developing countries and offers practical recommendations for more effective approaches
Surface Studies on the Ionic Liquid 1-Ethyl-3-Methylimidazolium Ethylsulfate Using X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) (2006)

Surface studies of ionic liquids are particularly important for all kinds of multiphasic operations employing ionic liquids, e.g. biphasic homogeneous catalysis or supported ionic liquid phase catalysis. Using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), the surface composition of the model system 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethylsulfate [EMIM][EtOSO 3 ] was investigated. By comparing two different samples of this ionic liquid from two different origins, we observed a decisive influence of silicon containing impurities on composition and structure of the surface. For the case of the impurities containing ionic liquid, our angle-dependent XPS data are in agreement with a model of a surface layer consisting of highly oriented ionic liquid molecules. From a fundamental point of view, our study may be of general relevance for the understanding of the chemistry of liquid surfaces in general.
Genomics of plant abiotic stress tolerance (2013)

Genome sequences and RNA-seq data provide unparalleled views into the genetic basis that underlies plant phenotypes. This chapter outlines a paradigm shift in plant biology originating from the relative ease of generating sequences, and points to tools that have enabled global transcript analyses (RNA-seq), replacing arduous microarray hybridization experiments and laborious quantitative RT-PCR platform designs. Soon, it can be envisioned that one may replace individual transcript assays by measuring how the entire transcriptome responds globally to a manipulation or mutation. The chapter advances a position that the knowledge of genome content and structure, and conditional transcript expression characteristics can explain a plant's growth and adaptation to the environment. This point is highlighted by comparing the genome and transcriptome of the abiotic stress-sensitive Arabidopsis thaliana with its close relatives, Thellungiella parvula and Thellungiella salsuginea.
Array steering vector estimation with nonstationary noise exploiting calibrated noise subspace (2008)

Most of the robust adaptive beamformers to resolve target signal cancellation caused by array steering vector (ASV) mismatch use prior information on ASV. However, in some practical applications, no prior information on ASV is available or the ASV is changing due to the movement of target source. In such case, the identification of ASV is essential. There are some methods proposed for ASV identification but few of them work with nonstationary noise. In this paper, a new method is proposed to identify ASV with nonstationary noise by exploiting the calibrated noise subspace. With the identified ASV, a robust beamformer can be formed. Experiments illustrate that the proposed method has high performance in adverse environment.
Long-term results of microcoil embolization for colonic haemorrhage: how common is rebleeding? (2015)

Transcatheter coil embolization is a durable and potentially definitive therapy in the management of acute colonic haemorrhage.
Hydra (2022)

DRAM systems continue to be plagued by the Row-Hammer (RH) security vulnerability. The threshold number of row activations (TRH) required to induce RH has reduced rapidly from 139K in 2014 to 4.8K in 2020, and TRH is expected to reduce further, making RH even more severe for future DRAM. Therefore, solutions for mitigating RH should be effective not only at current TRH but also at future TRH. In this paper, we investigate the mitigation of RH at ultra-low thresholds (500 and below). At such thresholds, state-of-the-art solutions, which rely on SRAM or CAM for tracking row activations, incur impractical storage overheads (340KB or more per rank at TRH of 500), making such solutions unappealing for commercial adoption. Alternative solutions, which store per-row metadata in the addressable DRAM space, incur significant slowdown (25% on average) due to extra memory accesses, even in the presence of metadata caches. Our goal is to develop scalable RH mitigation while incurring low SRAM and performance overheads.
Metallic–nonmetallic transition on the conductivity temperature dependence of multiwall carbon nanotubes (2005)

We applied a noncontacting surface acoustic wave technique to measure the conductivity of aligned multiwall carbon nanotube films. By changing intensities of the parallel and perpendicular electric field components at the surface of the film sample, we observed different temperature dependencies of the conductivity. It was found that the temperature dependence of the conductivity parallel to the tube axis is comparable to that of a single-wall carbon nanotube, namely, there is a metallic–nonmetallic transition at temperature of 280 K. On the other hand, the temperature dependence of the conductivity perpendicular to the tube axis is similar to that of a graphene sheet.
Cost-Effective Optoelectronic Packages Using Powder Metallurgy (2006)

In this paper, we propose powder metallurgy for optoelectronic packages in order to reduce the cost of laser packages. Conventional die compaction (DC) and metal injection molding (MIM) are used for the shaping of powder metallurgy. The distinguishing types of inherent porosity in DC and MIM steels have their respective effects on the defect mechanisms of laser welding joints. For DC steel with 85% relative density and continuous porosity, the rising gas pressure pushes the molten metal out of the welding regions, resulting in weak and unstable welding joints. For MIM steel with more than 95% relative density, the laser power dominates the defect mechanisms, and the defect-free welding joints with optical spot size of 400 mum can be attained by using laser power of less than 1.0 kW. Although elimination of inherent porosity in MIM steel under optimum welding condition can give rise to additional postwelding-shift (PWS), it is still controlled to less than 2 mum, resulting in optical coupling loss of less than 15%. The advantage of applicability of the MIM method to several materials makes it possible to employ SS316L, Kovar, and Invar, which have the characteristic of better property for laser welding but difficult machining, as the metal housing in low-cost lightwave communication system. Thus, using MIM Invar with low coefficient of thermal expansion can minimize the tracking error, which is an important issue for bidirectional and triple-directional optoelectronic packages. The reliability data demonstrate that the laser modules using MIM steel as construction housing are stable and reliable
Session HA ADVANCES IN MAGNETIC FORCE MICROSCOPY (1998)

Magnetic Force Microscopy potentialities in terms of spatial resolution and sensitivity, as applied to the observation of soft magnetic materials and/or elements will first be reviewed, based on examples including surfaces from bulk FeSi crystals, soft elements made of various materials down to submicron sizes and low coercivity garnet epilayers. Following the initial survey, attention will be focused on the following issues: i) Imaging potential in the non-perturbative regime or MFM viewed as a charge-mapping microscopy': signal strength and decay versus domain size. ii) Intrusion of perturbations2,': optical microscopy experiments will be described and analyzed whereby a direct proof of the tip-induced perturbation of the sample is revealed, both in the case of garnet epilayers and permalloy thin films. It will be shown that, in spite of the existence of potentially strong perturbations of the sample's magnetization, an apparently stable MFM image may be recorded. iii) Assessment of the relative weights of the various contributions to contrast formation mechanisms.