gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimal Base Station Design with Limited Fronthaul: Massive Bandwidth or Massive MIMO? (2017)

To reach a cost-efficient 5G architecture, the use of remote radio heads connected through a fronthaul to baseband controllers is a promising solution. However, the fronthaul links must support high bit rates as 5G networks are projected to use wide bandwidths and many antennas. Upgrading all of the existing fronthaul connections would be cumbersome, while replacing the remote radio head and upgrading the software in the baseband controllers is relatively simple. In this paper, we consider the uplink and seek the answer to the question: If we have a fixed fronthaul capacity and can deploy any technology in the remote radio head, what is the optimal technology? In particular, we optimize the number of antennas, quantization bits and bandwidth to maximize the sum rate under a fronthaul capacity constraint. The analytical results suggest that operating with many antennas equipped with low- resolution analog-to-digital converters, while the interplay between number of antennas and bandwidth depends on various parameters. The numerical analysis provides further insights into the design of communication systems with limited fronthaul capacity.
Foster b-trees (2012)

Foster B-trees are a new variant of B-trees that combines advantages of prior B-tree variants optimized for many-core processors and modern memory hierarchies with flash storage and nonvolatile memory. Specific goals include: (i) minimal concurrency control requirements for the data structure, (ii) efficient migration of nodes to new storage locations, and (iii) support for continuous and comprehensive self-testing. Like B link -trees, Foster B-trees optimize latching without imposing restrictions or specific designs on transactional locking, for example, key range locking. Like write-optimized B-trees, and unlike B link -trees, Foster B-trees enable large writes on RAID and flash devices as well as wear leveling and efficient defragmentation. Finally, they support continuous and inexpensive yet comprehensive verification of all invariants, including all cross-node invariants of the B-tree structure. An implementation and a performance evaluation show that the Foster B-tree supports high concurrency and high update rates without compromising consistency, correctness, or read performance.
Allelotyping of butadiene-induced lung and mammary adenocarcinomas of B6C3F1 mice: frequent losses of heterozygosity in regions homologous to human tumor-suppressor genes. (1994)

To identify the potential involvement of tumor-suppressor gene inactivation during neoplastic development in B6C3F1 mice, genetic losses were determined from allelotypes of butadiene-induced lung and mammary adenocarcinomas. By using length polymorphisms in restriction fragments and simple sequence repeats, or "microsatellites," markers on each autosome were analyzed for allele losses in tumor DNAs. Losses of heterozygosity on chromosome 11 were observed at several loci surrounding the p53 tumor-suppressor gene (Trp53) in 12 of 17 mammary tumors and 2 of 8 lung tumors. Although most of these alterations appeared to result from nondisjunction, at least two examples of somatic recombination or deletion were also observed. Southern analysis revealed a homozygous deletion of the remaining Trp53 allele of one of these mammary tumors. Losses of heterozygosity were also detected at the Rb-1 tumor-suppressor gene in 7 of 17 mammary tumors and 1 lung tumor. Finally, frequent allele losses were observed on chromosome 4 in lung tumors. Analysis of nine chromosome 4 loci defined an interstitial deletion containing the Ifa gene cluster in one of the lung tumors. A tumor-suppressor gene was previously mapped to this region of chromosome 4 in studies with somatic cell hybrids. In addition, homozygous deletions have been reported in a homologous region of human chromosome 9p for acute lymphocytic leukemias, glioblastomas, melanomas, and lung carcinomas. These findings suggest that the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes including Trp53, Rb-1, and an unidentified gene on chromosome 4 plays a significant role during carcinogenesis in mice.
Synthesis of a Potent Aminopyridine-Based nNOS-Inhibitor by Two Recent No-Carrier-Added 18F-Labelling Methods (2016)

Nitric oxide (NO), an important multifunctional signaling molecule, is produced by three isoforms of NO-synthase (NOS) and has been associated with neurodegenerative disorders. Selective inhibitors of the subtypes iNOS (inducible) or nNOS (neuronal) are of great interest for decoding neurodestructive key factors, and (18)F-labelled analogues would allow investigating the NOS-function by molecular imaging with positron emission tomography. Especially, the highly selective nNOS inhibitor 6-((3-((3-fluorophenethylamino)methyl)phenoxy)methyl)-4-methylpyridin-2-amine (10) lends itself as suitable compound to be (18)F-labelled in no-carrier-added (n.c.a.) form. For preparation of the (18)F-labelled nNOS-Inhibitor [(18)F]10 a "build-up" radiosynthesis was developed based on a corresponding iodonium ylide as labelling precursor. The such activated phenethyl group of the compound was efficiently and regioselectively labelled with n.c.a. [(18)F]fluoride in 79% radiochemical yield (RCY). After conversion by reductive amination and microwave assisted displacement of the protecting groups, the desired nNOS-inhibitor was obtained in about 15% total RCY. Alternatively, for a simplified "late-stage" (18)F-labelling procedure a corresponding boronic ester precursor was synthesized and successfully used in a newer, copper(II) mediated n.c.a. (18)F-fluoro-deboroniation reaction, achieving the same total RCY. Thus, both methods proved comparatively suited to provide the highly selective NOS-inhibitor [(18)F]10 as probe for preclinical in vivo studies.
MINIREVIEW Surfactant Protein B and C Analogues (2000)

Mammalian lung surfactant is a mixture of phospholipids and four surfactant-associated proteins (SP-A, SP-B, SP-C, and SP-D). Its major function is to reduce surface tension at the air‐water interface in the terminal airways by the formation of a surface‐active film highly enriched in dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC), thereby preventing alveolar collapse during expiration. SP-A and SP-D are large hydrophilic proteins, which play an important role in host defense, whereas the small hydrophobic peptides SP-B and SP-C interact with DPPC to generate and maintain a surface-active film. Surfactant replacement therapy with bovine and porcine lung surfactant extracts, which contain only polar lipids and SP-B and SP-C, has revolutionized the clinical management of premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome. Newer surfactant preparations will probably be based on SP-B and SP-C, produced by recombinant technology or peptide synthesis, and reconstituted with selected synthetic lipids. The development of peptide analogues of SP-B and SP-C offers the possibility to study their molecular mechanism of action and will allow the design of surfactant formulations for specific pulmonary diseases and better quality control. This review describes the hydrophobic peptide analogues developed thus far and their potential for use in a new generation of synthetic surfactant preparations. © 2000 Academic Press
Bile acids stimulate biofilm formation in Vibrio cholerae (2005)

Vibrio cholerae is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes the acute diarrhoeal disease cholera. After the bacterium is ingested, it passes through the digestive tract, encountering various environmental stresses including the acidic milieu of the stomach and the toxic effects of bile in the duodenum. While these stresses serve as part of a host defence system, V. cholerae has evolved resistance mechanisms that allow it to evade these defences and establish infection. We examined the expression profiles of V. cholerae in response to bile or bile acids and found an induction of biofilm genes. We found that V. cholerae shows significantly enhanced biofilm formation in response to bile acids, and that bacteria within the biofilm are more resistant to the toxicity of bile acids compared with planktonic cells. Bile acid induction of biofilms was found to be dependent on the vps genes (Vibrio polysaccharide synthesis) and their transcriptional activator VpsR, but VpsT is not required. These results contribute to the developing picture of a complex relationship between V. cholerae and its environment within the host during infection.
E-band Impulse Radio Transceiver with 2-bit Pulse-Position Modulation (2018)

This paper presents a novel impulse radio transceiver based on a 2-bit pulse-position modulation (PPM) system for E-band wireless communication systems. We propose a time-based modulation architecture for a wireless transceiver. This is a promising architecture for deep-submicron and nanoscale CMOS technology. The performance of the wireless transceiver can be enhanced as the speed of the CMOS circuit increases. The transmitter is composed of four circuit blocks: a pulse-position modulator, impulse generator, millimeter-wave bandpass filter, and power amplifier. The receiver is comprised of a conventional quadrature demodulator. The transmitter and receiver chipset is fabricated in 55-nm standard CMOS technology. In transceiver loop-back tests, a data rate of 7.0 Gb/s with repetition data and 4.6 Gb/s with pseudo-random bit sequence (PRBS) data are demonstrated.
Human IgM antibody rHIgM22 promotes phagocytic clearance of myelin debris by microglia (2018)

In multiple sclerosis (MS), demyelinated CNS lesions fail to sufficiently remyelinate, despite the presence of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) capable of differentiating into mature oligodendrocytes. MS lesions contain damaged myelin debris that can inhibit OPC maturation and hinder repair. rHIgM22 is an experimental human recombinant IgM antibody that promotes remyelination in animal models and is being examined in patients with MS. rHIgM22 binds to CNS myelin and partially rescues OPC process outgrowth on myelin. Since rHIgM22 does not affect OPC process outgrowth in vitro on permissive substrate, we examined the possibility that it acts by enhancing phagocytic clearance of myelin debris by microglia. In this study, we tested if rHIgM22 binding could tag myelin for microglial phagocytosis. A mouse microglial cell line and primary rat microglia were treated with myelin and rHIgM22 and assayed for myelin phagocytosis. We found that: 1) rHIgM22 stimulates myelin phagocytosis in a dose-dependent manner; 2) rHIgM22-mediated myelin phagocytosis requires actin polymerization; and 3) rHIgM22-stimulation of myelin phagocytosis requires activity of rHIgM22 Fc domain and activation of Complement Receptor 3. Since myelin inhibits OPC differentiation, stimulation of phagocytic clearance of damaged myelin may be an important means by which rHIgM22 promotes remyelination.
Data from Therapeutic Efficacy of an Fc-Enhanced TCR-like Antibody to the Intracellular WT1 Oncoprotein (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; RMFPNAPYL (RMF), a Wilms' tumor gene 1 (WT1)–derived CD8 T-cell epitope presented by HLA-A&lt;i&gt;*02:01&lt;/i&gt;, is a validated target for T-cell–based immunotherapy. We previously reported ESK1, a high avidity (&lt;i&gt;K&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;d&lt;/sub&gt; &lt; 0.2 nmol/L), fully-human monoclonal antibody (mAb) specific for the WT1 RMF peptide/&lt;i&gt;HLA-A*02:01&lt;/i&gt; complex, which selectively bound and killed WT1&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; and HLA-A&lt;i&gt;*02:01&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; leukemia and solid tumor cell lines.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; We engineered a second-generation mAb, ESKM, to have enhanced antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) function due to altered Fc glycosylation. ESKM was compared with native ESK1 in binding assays, &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; ADCC assays, and mesothelioma and leukemia therapeutic models and pharmacokinetic studies in mice. ESKM toxicity was assessed in HLA-A&lt;i&gt;*02:01&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; transgenic mice.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; ESK antibodies mediated ADCC against hematopoietic and solid tumor cells at concentrations below 1 μg/mL, but ESKM was about 5- to 10-fold more potent &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; against multiple cancer cell lines. ESKM was more potent &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; against JMN mesothelioma, and effective against SET2 AML and fresh ALL xenografts. ESKM had a shortened half-life (4.9 days vs. 6.5 days), but an identical biodistribution pattern in C57BL/6J mice. At therapeutic doses of ESKM, there was no difference in half-life or biodistribution in HLA-A&lt;i&gt;*02:01&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; transgenic mice compared with the parent strain. Importantly, therapeutic doses of ESKM in these mice caused no depletion of total WBCs or hematopoetic stem cells, or pathologic tissue damage.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; The data provide proof of concept that an Fc-enhanced mAb can improve efficacy against a low-density, tumor-specific, peptide/MHC target, and support further development of this mAb against an important intracellular oncogenic protein. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 20(15); 4036–46. ©2014 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Author response: Live imaging reveals the cellular events downstream of SARM1 activation (2021)

Axon degeneration occurs via an ordered sequence of events downstream of SARM1 that proceeds from ATP loss, to defects in mitochondrial movement and depolarization, followed by calcium influx, phosphatidylserine externalization, loss of membrane permeability, and ending with catastrophic axonal self-destruction.
Cellular localization of lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase (?-trace) in the central nervous system of the adult rat (2000)

We applied high-resolution laser-scanning microscopy, electron microscopy, and non-radioactive in situ hybridization histochemistry to determine the cellular and intracellular localization of lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase, the major brain-derived protein component of cerebrospinal fluid, and its mRNA in leptomeninges, choroid plexus, and parenchyma of the adult rat brain. Both immunoreactivity and mRNA for prostaglandin D synthase were located in arachnoid barrier cells, arachnoid trabecular cells, and arachnoid pia mater cells. Furthermore, meningeal macrophages and perivascular microglial cells, identified by use of ED2 antibody, were immunopositive for prostaglandin D synthase. In the arachnoid trabecular cells, the immunoreactivity for prostaglandin D synthase was located in the nuclear envelope, Golgi apparatus, and secretory vesicles, indicating the active production and secretion of prostaglandin D synthase. In the meningeal macrophages, prostaglandin D synthase was not found around the nucleus but in lysosomes in the cytoplasm, pointing to an uptake of the protein from the cerebrospinal fluid. Furthermore, the existence of meningeal cyclooxygenase (COX) -1 and COX-2 was investigated by Western blot, Northern blot, and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and the colocalization of COX-2 and prostaglandin D synthase was demonstrated in virtually all cells of the leptomeninges, choroid plexus epithelial cells, and perivascular microglial cells, suggesting that these cells synthesize prostaglandin D(2) actively. Alternatively, oligodendrocytes showed prostaglandin D synthase immunoreactivity without detectable COX-2. The localization of lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase in meningeal cells and its colocalization with COX-2 provide evidence for its function as a prostaglandin D(2)-producing enzyme.
EFFECT OF INFANT FORMULA FEEDING ON EARLY MICROBIOTA AND IMMUNE DEVELOPMENT (2008)

Objective To assess the effect of a formula with a composition close to human milk, Nan containing or not a probiotic, Bifidobacterium longum (BL999; Morinaga, Japan), on early life microbiota and immune development as compared to a standard control formula. Methods Randomized, double blind, controlled trial of 3 groups: control formula (n = 33); Nan: 30/70 Casein/Whey ratio, low proteins (1.8 g/100 Kcal); low phosphate (31 mg/100 Kcal) and high lactose levels (11.1 g/100 Kcal) (n = 30); Nan + BL999 (n = 28) and a reference Breast Fed group (BF, n = 35). Healthy singleton term infants received the study formula for 4 months. Primary outcome was stool bifidobacteria counts (log CFU/g: Median [IQR]) at 2 months of age. Secondary outcome was the analysis of stool IgA levels (μg/mL) at 2 months. Results Bifidobacteria counts were significantly higher for BF (10[0.9]), Nan (10.0[0.8]) or Nan +BL999 (9.8[1.4]) groups than control (9.2[3.5], p Conclusions These data show that infant formulae Nan with or without BL999 have similar bifidogenic effect than BF. Both Nan +/− BL999 tended to enhance immune functions compared to standard formula.
Understanding the importance of location, time, and people in mobile local search behavior (2011)

People often search for local information (e.g., a restaurant, store, gas station, or attraction) from their mobile device. We show, via a survey of 929 mobile searchers at a large software company, that local searches tend to be highly contextual, influenced by geographic features, temporal aspects, and the searcher's social context. While location was reported to be very important, respondents looked for information about places close to their current location only 40% of the time. Instead, they were often in transit (68% of our searchers) and wanted information related to their destination (27% of searchers), en route to their destination (12%), or near their destination (12%). Additionally, 63% of our participants' mobile local searches took place within a social context and were discussed with someone else. We discuss these findings to present a picture of how location, time, and social context impact mobile local searches.
In situ preparation of a multifunctional chiral hybrid organic–inorganic catalyst for asymmetric multicomponent reactions (2013)

A chiral mesoporous organosilica material incorporating a urea based-cinchona derivative and propylamine groups was prepared by a co-condensation method. The multisite solid catalyst efficiently promoted the asymmetric multicomponent reaction of aldehydes, malonates and nitromethane.
Regulation of Helicobacter Pylori replication by macrophage PPARγ (MPF3P.823) (2014)

Abstract Helicobacter pylori infects 50% of the human population and in about 15% of colonized individuals it can cause gastritis and gastric malignancies. Although previously considered an exclusively extracellular bacterium, H. pylori has been found inside gastric epithelial cells, macrophages and dendritic cells. Data from our mouse model show significant depletion of H. pylori from the stomach when macrophages acquired a pro-inflammatory phenotype due to the lack of the transcription factor peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). To dissect the underlying mechanism, we polarized WT and PPARγ-deficient BM-derived macrophages towards an M1 phenotype prior to bacterial co-culture. Proliferation of H. pylori was almost completely abrogated in PPARγ-deficient M1 and the bacteria were cleared 6 hours earlier compared to WT M1, WT M0 and PPARγ-deficient M0. In line with the importance of an M1 like phenotype, gene expression results obtained from a time-course experiment showed higher iNOS expression in cells lacking PPARγ and increased NFκB activity upon bacterial challenge of cells treated with a PPARγ inhibitor. The importance of iNOS in bacterial clearance was confirmed by inhibition of iNOS resulting in increased re-isolation in both WT and PPARγ-deficient macrophages. Together our data suggest that PPARγ might be a critical factor in the outcome of H. pylori infection and thus represents a promising target for new therapeutic interventions.
Distortion-rate analysis for distributed estimation with wireless sensor networksy (2005)

We deal with centralized and distributed rate-constrained estimation of random signal vectors using a network of wireless sensors communicating with a fusion center. Specifically, we determine lower and upper bounds for the Distortion-Rate (D-R) function. The lower bound is obtained by considering centralized estimation with a single-sensor setup, for which we determine the D-R function in closed-form, and specify an estimator that achieves it. Furthermore, we derive a novel alternating scheme that numerically determines an achievable upper bound of the D-R function for general distributed estimation using multiple sensors. Numerical examples confirm that the algorithm performs well and yields D-R upper bounds which are tight.
Synthesis of macromolecular systems via lipase catalyzed biocatalytic reactions: applications and future perspectives (2016)

Enzymes, being remarkable catalysts, are capable of accepting a wide range of complex molecules as substrates and catalyze a variety of reactions with a high degree of chemo-, stereo- and regioselectivity in most of the reactions. Biocatalysis can be used in both simple and complex chemical transformations without the need for tedious protection and deprotection chemistry that is very common in traditional organic synthesis. This current review highlights the applicability of one class of biocatalysts viz."lipases" in synthetic transformations, the resolution of pharmaceutically important small molecules including polyphenols, amides, nucleosides and their precursors, the development of macromolecular systems (and their applications as drug/gene carriers), flame retardants, polymeric antioxidants and nanocrystalline solar cells, etc.
Insight into the effect of graphite grain sizes on the morphology, structure and electrical properties of reduced graphene oxide (2020)

One of the most promising ways of obtaining graphene on a large scale is a two-stage oxidation-reduction process. It is worth mentioning, however, that the quality, structure and properties of the obtained graphene are highly dependent not only on conditions of the oxidation and reduction process but also the type of graphite from which the graphene (rGO) is obtained. This paper presents the influence of graphite grain size on the morphology, structure, and electrical properties of reduced graphene oxide. The tested materials were obtained in the process of low-temperature thermal reduction by micro-explosion. The research clearly shows that, although the type of graphite does not directly impact the reduction process itself, it nevertheless significantly affects parameters such as the degree of structure defect, size of crystallites or oxygen content in the sample. The work also proved that the smaller size of graphite grains facilitates the formation of oxygen-containing functional groups located in the plane of the layer. The differences in morphology and structure result in different electrical properties of the reduced graphene oxides obtained from different graphites.
Synchronization of micromechanical oscillators using light (2011)

Synchronization on the nanoscale has a wide range of applications ranging from timing, navigation, signal processing, microwave communication and novel computing and memory concepts. Existing coupled micromechanical oscillators suffer from limited range, neighborhood restriction and non-configurable coupling which limit the control, physical size and possible topologies of complex oscillator networks [1]. Here, we demonstrate the synchronization of two micromechanical oscillators, which are actuated and coupled by optical radiation field. We show that the coupling between the two oscillators can be tuned continuously from uncoupled to maximally coupled. These results pave a path towards massive and long-range synchronized oscillator networks.