gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Eating detection with a head-mounted video camera (2022)

In this paper, we present a computer-vision based approach to detect eating. Specifically, our goal is to develop a wearable system that is effective and robust enough to automatically detect when people eat, and for how long. We collected video from a cap-mounted camera on 10 participants for about 55 hours in free-living conditions. We evaluated performance of eating detection with four different Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models. The best model achieved accuracy 90.9% and F1 score 78.7% for eating detection with a 1-minute resolution. We also discuss the resources needed to deploy a 3D CNN model in wearable or mobile platforms, in terms of computation, memory, and power. We believe this paper is the first work to experiment with video-based (rather than image-based) eating detection in free-living scenarios.
Relationship between in Vivo Insulin Resistance and Decreased Insulin Receptors in Obese Man* (1979)

We have studied the relationship between in vivo insulin sensitivity and in vitro insulin binding to adipocytes in obese and nonobese subjects. Insulin binding studies demonstrated a 40% (P > 0.01) decrease in the number of receptor sites per cell in adipocytes from the obese patients. Insulin sensitivity was assessed by a previously defined technique in which insulin and glucose are constantly administered while endogenous insulin secretion is inhibited by an infusion of epinephrine (6 μg/min) and propranolol (0.08 mg/min). Using this technique, the resulting steady state plasma glucose (SSPG) levels provide a measure of overall in vivo insulin sensitivity. The dose-response relationship between the steady state plasma insulin concentration and glucose disposal was determined by performing three separate infusions on each subject in which the glucose infusion rate was kept constant while the rate of insulin infusion was serially increased in each study. Compared to the normal subjects, the dose-response curves for the obese subjects were markedly shifted to the right. Thus, for any given submaximal plasma insulin level the SSPG level was always greater in the obese patients. However, at the maximal insulin level, the SSPG levels in the obese subjects were reduced to the normal range. Therefore, although the obese patients were insulin resistant at submaximal insulin levels, this insulin resistance could be overcome at higher insulin levels, and this is the predicted functional consequence of a decrease in the number of cellular insulin receptors. In conclusion, 1) obese subjects demonstrate decreased in vivo insulin sensitivity and decreased adipocyte insulin receptors; 2) the in vivo dose-response relationship between plasma insulin and glucose disposal is shifted to the right in obesity; and 3) these data are most consistent with the concept that decreased target tissue insulin receptors are the predominant cause of the overall in vivo insulin resistance in obesity. (J Clin Endocrinol Metab48: 487,1979)
A Highly Convergent and Efficient Synthesis of a Macrocyclic Hepatitis C Virus Protease Inhibitor BI 201302 (2013)

A highly convergent large scale synthesis of a 15-membered macrocyclic hepatitis C virus (HCV) protease inhibitor BI 201302 was achieved, in which the key features are the practical macrocyclization by Ru-catalyzed ring-closing metathesis (0.1 mol % Grela catalyst, 0.1-0.2 M concentration) and the efficient sulfone-mediated SNAr reaction.
La sindrome anemica cardio-renale. Terza parte: Terapia (2018)

Abstract non disponibile ((Cardionephrology)
Refolding Technologies for Antibody Fragments (2014)

Refolding is one of the production technologies for pharmaceutical grade antibody fragments. Detergents and denaturants are primarily used to solubilize the insoluble proteins. The solubilized and denatured proteins are refolded by reducing the concentration of the denaturants or detergents. Several refolding technologies have been used for antibody fragments, comprising dilution, dialysis, solid phase solvent exchange and size exclusion chromatography, as reviewed here. Aggregation suppressor or folding-assisting agents, including arginine hydrochloride, ionic liquids and detergents or denaturants at low concentrations, are included in the refolding solvent to enhance refolding yield.
Identification of Vasoactive Nonpeptidic Positive and Negative Modulators of Adrenomedullin Using a Neutralizing Antibody-Based Screening Strategy (2004)

Adrenomedullin (AM) is a peptide hormone implicated in blood pressure regulation and in the pathophysiology of important diseases, such as hypertension, cancer, and diabetes. However, nonpeptidic modulators of this peptide that could be used to clinically regulate its actions are not available. We present here an efficient new method to screen a large library of small molecules. This technology was applied to the identification of positive and negative modulators of AM function. A two-tier screening strategy was developed in which the first screening entails disruption of the interaction between the peptide and a neutralizing monoclonal antibody. Selected compounds were further characterized by their ability to modulate second messengers in cells containing specific AM receptors. A parallel screen against gastrin-releasing peptide selected a different subset of molecules, confirming the specificity of the screening method. Identified AM-positive regulators reduced blood pressure in vivo, whereas AM-negative regulators mediated vasoconstriction, as predicted by the vasodilatory activity of AM. Binding of the small molecules to immobilized AM was demonstrated by surface plasmon resonance assays, with K(d) values ranging from 7.76 x 10(-9) to 4.14 x 10(-6) m. Preclinical development of AM modulators may result in useful drugs for the prevention and treatment of hypertension, cancer, and diabetes.
A chronic generalized bi-directional brain–machine interface (2011)

A bi-directional neural interface (NI) system was designed and prototyped by incorporating a novel neural recording and processing subsystem into a commercial neural stimulator architecture. The NI system prototype leverages the system infrastructure from an existing neurostimulator to ensure reliable operation in a chronic implantation environment. In addition to providing predicate therapy capabilities, the device adds key elements to facilitate chronic research, such as four channels of electrocortigram/local field potential amplification and spectral analysis, a three-axis accelerometer, algorithm processing, event-based data logging, and wireless telemetry for data uploads and algorithm/configuration updates. The custom-integrated micropower sensor and interface circuits facilitate extended operation in a power-limited device. The prototype underwent significant verification testing to ensure reliability, and meets the requirements for a class CF instrument per IEC-60601 protocols. The ability of the device system to process and aid in classifying brain states was preclinically validated using an in vivo non-human primate model for brain control of a computer cursor (i.e. brain-machine interface or BMI). The primate BMI model was chosen for its ability to quantitatively measure signal decoding performance from brain activity that is similar in both amplitude and spectral content to other biomarkers used to detect disease states (e.g. Parkinson's disease). A key goal of this research prototype is to help broaden the clinical scope and acceptance of NI techniques, particularly real-time brain state detection. These techniques have the potential to be generalized beyond motor prosthesis, and are being explored for unmet needs in other neurological conditions such as movement disorders, stroke and epilepsy.
Modeling Flowsheet Data for Clinical Research. (2015)

Health care data included in clinical data repositories (CDRs) are increasingly used for quality reporting, business analytics and research; however, extended clinical data from interprofessional practice are seldom included. With the increasing emphasis on care coordination across settings, CDRs need to include data from all clinicians and be harmonized to understand the impact of their collaborative efforts on patient safety, effectiveness and efficiency. This study characterizes the extended clinical data derived from EHR flowsheet data that is available in the University of Minnesota's CDR and describes a process for creating an ontology that organizes that data so that it is more useful and accessible to researchers. The process is illustrated using a pressure ulcer ontology and compares ease of finding concepts in i2b2 for different data organization approaches. The challenges of the manual process and difficulties combining similar concepts are discussed.
Sensitization mechanisms from excited-singlet state of pyrromethene dye to a radical-generating reagent in a poly(methylmethacrylate) film (1999)

The sensitization mechanisms of a pyrromethene dye with a radical-generating reagent, 3,5,3′,5′-tetramethylpyrromethene-BF2 (BH) with 3,3′,4,4′-tetrakis(t-butyldioxycarbonyl)benzophenone (BP), in a poly- (methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) film were investigated by laser flash phoptolysis using a total reflection cell and single photon counting. From the laser flash photolysis, strong fluorescence was detected though no transient absorption was detected. The fluorescence intensity was significantly decreased with increasing concentration of BP, apparently exhibiting Perrin-type static quenching at a quenching radius, Rf = 26 Å. From the examination of decay profile using single photon counting, logarithmic plots of fluorescence decay in a PMMA film afforded a nonlinear, convex reduction, corresponding to a streched exponential decay, while the logarithmic plots in acetonitrile showed a linear relationship. With increasing concentration of BH, the fluorescence maximum was shifted to red, and the intensity of fluorescence was significantly reduced. The red shift of fluorescence, the nonlinear fluorescence logarithmic decay and the large reduction in fluorescence indicate a dispersive photoexcited state and a relaxation of excitation energy hopping across an array of sites with Gaussian energy distribution. Moreover, after incorporating BP, the convex logarithmic plots became more steep, and the fluorescence maximum was also shifted to red, exhibiting a nonstatic quenching process competitive to the excitation energy hopping. Thus the sensitization of photoinitiator system containing BH and BP, whose contents were almost same as that in the commercial products, was due to a static quenching process from dispersive singlet excited BH to BP ground state, and the nonstatic quenching process competitive to the excitation energy hopping was minimal. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design and Comparison of Power Combining Architectures for Capacitive Wireless Power Transfer Systems (2022)

State-of-the-art high-frequency capacitive wireless power transfer (WPT) systems are limited in their power transfer capability due to the limited power rating of the current wide-bandgap semiconductor devices used in their inverters. This paper presents several passive power-combining architectures to operate multiple inverters in parallel in high-power high-frequency capacitive WPT systems. A comprehensive methodology to design each of these power combining architectures with an objective to ensure balanced current sharing and minimal circulating currents between the paralleled inverters is presented. A novel circuit technique to maximize the power processing capability of each inverter module while ensuring complete soft-switching of the inverter transistors is also presented. Furthermore, a comparative study of these power combining architectures is performed to investigate their effectiveness in mitigating the timing and component tolerance related mismatches between paralleled inverters. Finally, the outcomes of this analysis are experimentally validated using a 6.78-MHz, 12-cm air-gap prototype capacitive WPT system implemented using two paralleled inverters which is tested upto 2.3 kW. The experimental results are in good agreement with theoretical predictions.
Macromol. Rapid Commun. 24/2010 (2010)

Back Cover: The image by Andrew Cohen and Kathrin Isenbuegel depicts the self-assembly of supramolecular functionalized nanoparticles, synthesized through surface modification with beta-cyclodextrin and adamantane, into hollow spheres. The transmission electron microscopy image in the upper left shows the shell-like character of the assemblies. Further information can be found in the article by H. Ritter,* K. Isenbügel, U. Kolb, and R. Branscheid on page 2121.
Sustainable Novel Bamboo-Based Membranes for Water Treatment Fabricated by Regeneration of Bamboo Waste Fibers (2020)

The waste fiber byproduct of the bamboo construction industry was used as the sustainable feedstock for the fabrication of cellulose-based membranes using 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [C4mim][Cl]([C4mim][Cl]) ionic liquid (IL) as a “green” and environmentally friendly solvent. The lignin and hemicellulose fractions of the bamboo waste fibers were removed, and the extracted cellulose was used at different concentrations (3, 5, and 10 wt %) for the fabrication of membranes using the phase inversion technique. The intrinsic properties of the fabricated membranes such as morphology, crystallinity, surface charge, roughness, and chemistry were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), zeta potential, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and water contact angle, respectively. The transformation of cellulose I to cellulose II with a different crystallinity index was observed for each membrane based on the initial concentration of cellulose digested by [C4mim][Cl]. The performances of the bamboo-based membranes in the removal of different dyes (methylene blue, methylene orange, and crystal violet) from water were studied regarding membrane permeance, antifouling, and rejection. In general, the bamboo-based membranes performed similarly or better than comparable cellulose-based membranes in water flux, antifouling, and rejection, which confirmed the successful conversion process of waste materials (bamboo waste fibers) to a high-value-added product (membrane) through sustainable green technology. The size exclusion was observed as the main mechanism for dye rejection, and solute diffusion was identified as the dominant transport mechanism through the bamboo-based membranes. The physical membrane structure (dense layer) and the dye size were the two governing factors of rejection, and the surface charge and hydrophilicity are the governing factors of the antifouling capability of the membranes. The 10% bamboo-based membranes and 3% bamboo-based membranes showed the highest dye rejection (87%) and water flux 600 LMH, respectively.
E-DCH Decoupling for Downlink-Uplink Imbalance Mitigation in HSPA Heterogeneous Networks (2014)

This paper considers Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) High Speed Packet Access (HSPA) Heterogeneous Networks (HetNet). A problem of the downlink-uplink (DL-UL) imbalance is explored which consists in serving the UL transmission by the strongest Node B in DL not being the strongest one in UL. This causes UL system capacity degradation as well as gives rise to potential problems with inter-cell interference control. The analysis performed in the paper demonstrated that the Soft Handover (SHO) mechanism available in HSPA and assuming simultaneous reception of the UL signal by a set of Nodes B, though not designed intentionally, can partially mitigate the DL-UL imbalance impact. However, some additional aspects of the problem remain such as the scheduling information reception reliability deterioration leading to inability to perform efficient UL scheduling. A novel method of the Enhanced Dedicated Channel (E-DCH) decoupling intended for comprehensive resolution of the DL-UL imbalance problems is proposed. The method consists in moving the UL serving cell functionality for users in SHO between a macro Node B and a Low Power Node (LPN) to the LPN, while keeping the DL serving cell functionality at the macro Node B. System level simulation results provided in the paper demonstrate that the E-DCH decoupling allows to compensate the negative impacts of the DL-UL imbalance in HSPA HetNet and achieve efficient system operation.
Adhesion Selectivity Using Rippled Surfaces (2010)

Abstract Highly selective adhesion can be achieved between surfaces by patterning them with ripples. Materials with such surfaces are fabricated by successive molding of an elastomer, poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), against a master with a surface rippled by instability of a residually stressed surface thin film. Adhesion of interfaces between both complementary and non‐complementary rippled surfaces was measured. Complementary surfaces showed significantly enhanced interfacial adhesion with increasing ripple amplitude. In contrast, interfaces with mismatched amplitudes had nearly negligible adhesion. Rate‐dependence of adhesion in these surfaces was also studied. For complementary surfaces with low amplitudes we found a multiplicative coupling between the structure and rate enhancement of adhesion. A quantitative model developed for adhesion between complementary surfaces explains these observations.
Abstract 356: Novel conditionally active biologic (CAB) antibody targeting EpCAM demonstrates anti-tumor efficacy in vivo (2019)

Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is a transmembrane glycoprotein mediating Ca2+-independent homotypic cell-cell adhesion during cell signaling, migration, proliferation, and differentiation. EpCAM is expressed at high levels exclusively in epithelia and epithelial-derived neoplasms, making it a suitable target for many important solid tumor types and cancer stem cells. EpCam expression on normal tissues limits its utility as target for therapeutic antibodies and ADCs due to the potential effects on normal epithelial throughout the body. Conditionally Active Biologics (CAB) technology is a proprietary platform that selects antibodies that bind to target antigens in the context of diseased tissues, but not normal tissues, by taking advantage of the unique conditions in the tumor microenvironment. Using our CAB technology, we have developed CAB antibodies to EpCAM that reversibly bind to recombinant EpCAM and EpCAM expressing cells under select conditions that are present in the tumor microenvironment but not in normal tissues. In vitro and in vivo efficacy data for several anti-EpCAM antibodies and ADCs will be presented and suggest that conditionally active EpCam ADCs generated using the CAB technology will provide drug candidates that have an increased safety margin and therapeutic index in the clinic.Citation Format: Cathy Chang, Gerhard Frey, Leslie Sharp, William (Bill) J. Boyle, Jing Wang, Charles Xing, Haizhen Liu, Christina Wheeler, Marlena Walls, Jay M. Short. Novel conditionally active biologic (CAB) antibody targeting EpCAM demonstrates anti-tumor efficacy in vivo [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 356.
Harmonic-balance circuit analysis for electro-neural interfaces (2020)

HB-based circuit analysis accurately describes the dynamics of electrode-electrolyte interfaces and driving circuits for all pulsing schemes. This allows optimizing the stimulus waveform to maximize the CIC, based on the impedance spectrum alone.
Graphitic Structures by Design (2006)

It is shown that self-supporting graphitic structures of specific shape can be grown in a variety of forms, from nanoscale to macroscale, on metal templates, in a fuel-rich mixture of ethylene and oxygen at temperatures between 750 and 900 K. The evidence presented suggests graphite can be grown in any shape created from catalytic metals (e.g., Ni) under the proper conditions of temperature and gas composition. Structures produced include macroscale bodies, centimeters in dimension, composed of micrometer-scale graphite elements such as graphite “foam” and regular graphite “lattices”. Nanoscale hollow graphite spheres were also produced. The production rate in the apparatus employed was roughly shown to be 1 layer/s and was steady with time over several hours. The process of producing self-supporting bodies generally produces hollow graphite structures, as the underlying metal template must be removed by acid following the completion of graphite growth. The process is believed to be possible only in an environment, such as combustion, in which a high concentration of particular radical species is present in the vicinity of the template surface. The following process is postulated: (i) a single layer of graphite is formed from gas-phase radicals by the catalytic action of the metal template, (ii) additional graphite growth is “autocatalytic” and occurs via the decomposition of radicals on the surface and the incorporation of “free” carbon atoms, or other radical fragments, into “edge sites” on the graphite surface.
Integrated multi-scale model for ionized plasma physical vapor deposition (2001)

In order to aid process development and address extendibility of ionized physical vapor deposition (IPVD) technology to future integrated circuit generations, an integrated model capable of simulating phenomena across the various length scales characteristic of these systems has been developed. The model is comprised of a two-dimensional equipment simulation, which relates process variables to characteristics of material fluxes to the wafer, and a three-dimensional Monte Carlo based feature scale model. The ion-surface interaction data required to model the surface processes is generated by a molecular dynamics based simulation. The integrated model is used to study the effect of various IPVD process parameters such as wafer bias, coil power, target power, and buffer gas composition on copper film profile inside a trench. Variations in film profile across the wafer are also examined. It is found that increasing the wafer bias results in an increase in the mean ion energy and the amount of sputtering inside the feature. This results in material transfer from the bottom of the feature to the sidewalls and faceting of the upper corners of the trench. Two variables, namely the total ion to Cu flux ratio (RI/N) and the mean ion energy, are found to play a crucial role in determining the effects of coil power and target power. Increasing the coil power enhances RI/N and slightly decreases the mean ion energy. This leads to more sputtering, and therefore a thicker film on the sidewalls relative to that on the bottom. Increase in target power causes RI/N to decrease, which decreases sputtering within the feature. Film profiles generally show evidence of enhanced sputtering as buffer gas ionization threshold decreases (He→Ne→Ar→Xe) for the gases considered. These variations can be explained in terms of two factors: Cu flux ionization fraction, which decreases with buffer gas ionization threshold, and mean ion energy, which increases with ionization threshold.
Evaluation of preoperative prediction of intestinal invasion in patients with ovarian cancer (2020)

Combination of CT, MRI, and barium contrast radiography predicts intestinal invasion with the highest sensitivity. These three modalities, however, could not predict all intestinal invasion. Patients should be informed of the possibility of unexpected extensive resection.