gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prenylation Inhibitors as Potential Therapeutic Drugs in Hodgkin Lymphoma. (2006)

Abstract Although the therapy of Hodgkin lymphoma has improved, patients still suffer from late toxicities and insufficient treatment of relapses. Hence, new treatment strategies are needed. Statins are used to treat hypercholesterolaemia and prevent cardiovascular disease. There is evidence for a preventive effect of statins in cancer, including lymphoma. So far, nothing is known about a therapeutic activity of statins or related drugs in Hodgkin lymphoma. Statins block the conversion of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A to downstream isoprenoid products like farnesyl and geranylgeranyl-pyrophosphate, inhibiting protein prenylation and leading to apoptosis in several malignancies. The anti-tumour activity of the statin simvastatin and three specific prenylation inhibitors (FTI-277, GGTI-298 and tipifarnib) in Hodgkin lymphoma cells was evaluated in cytotoxicity and apoptosis assays. Furthermore, simvastatin was tested in a xenograft model for human Hodgkin lymphoma. First simvastatin induced caspase-related apoptosis in Hodgkin lymphoma cells via the isoprenoid pathway. The IC50 of simvastatin in cytotoxicity assays was &lt; 2 μM. Second simvastatin showed high activity in a mouse model for Hodgkin lymphoma, delaying tumour establishment and inhibiting tumour growth. Finally the geranylgeranyltransferase inhibitor GGTI-298 and the farnesyltransferase inhibitors FTI-277 and tipifarnib displayed anti-tumour activity in Hodgkin lymphoma cells (approximate IC50 in cytotoxicity assays: 20, 7.5 and &lt; 0.1 μM respectively). Importantly, the concentration of simvastatin that induced apoptosis in Hodgkin lymphoma cells was in the range of 2 μM. This corresponds to plasma levels reached in humans in clinical trials with high dose statins in cancer. Thus, our results suggest two possible applications of simvastatin in Hodgkin lymphoma: First simvastatin in high doses could be included in polychemotherapy regimens to improve the remission rate of relapsed patients. Second simvastatin in the cholesterol-lowering dose should be evaluated as a preventive drug for patients in remission to avoid relapses. Moreover, in comparison to other haematological malignancies, the farnesyltransferase-inhibitor tipifarnib was highly cytotoxic in Hodgkin lymphoma cells. Given its activity in clinical trials in haematological neoplasia, its clinical evaluation in Hodgkin lymphoma is warranted. Taken together, prenylation inhibitors are promising drugs for the treatment of Hodgkin lymphoma.
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) metabolism and bone mass (2017)

It is well appreciated that high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and bone physiology and pathology are tightly linked. Studies, primarily in mouse models, have shown that dysfunctional and/or disturbed HDL can affect bone mass through many different ways. Specifically, reduced HDL levels have been associated with the development of an inflammatory microenvironment that affects the differentiation and function of osteoblasts. In addition, perturbation in metabolic pathways of HDL favors adipoblastic differentiation and restrains osteoblastic differentiation through, among others, the modification of specific bone-related chemokines and signaling cascades. Increased bone marrow adiposity also deteriorates bone osteoblastic function and thus bone synthesis, leading to reduced bone mass. In this review, we present the current knowledge and the future directions with regard to the HDL-bone mass connection. Unraveling the molecular phenomena that underline this connection will promote the deeper understanding of the pathophysiology of bone-related pathologies, such as osteoporosis or bone metastasis, and pave the way toward the development of novel and more effective therapies against these conditions.
Immunohistochemical analysis of Bcl-2 protein regulation in cutaneous melanoma. (1995)

Cutaneous melanoma is becoming increasingly common. Genetic and environmental factors are thought to play a role in its pathogenesis. We have previously shown that normal human melanocytes strongly express the oncoprotein, Bcl-2. To determine the role of Bcl-2 in melanocytic tumors, we studied human benign nevi and melanomas for expression of Bcl-2 protein using immunohistochemistry. Our results show that benign melanocytes from 3 of 4 normal skin biopsies and 5 of 7 common acquired nevi strongly express Bcl-2. Conversely, only 3 of 23 primary cutaneous melanomas and 3 of 9 metastatic melanomas showed strong staining in comparison with melanocytes from normal skin and common acquired nevi (chi 2, P = 0.0021). Interestingly, 0 of 6 dysplastic nevi, a precursor of melanoma, demonstrated strong staining as compared with melanocytes and nevi (8 of 11; chi 2, P = 0.02), but similar expression to that of melanoma (6 of 32; chi 2, P = 0.6). We conclude that Bcl-2 expression decreases in malignant melanoma and suggest that this may be related to the autonomous growth characteristics of malignant melanoma.
Targeting kinases with precision (2018)

Cancer genomics and mechanistic studies have revealed that heterogeneous mutations within a single kinase can result in a variety of activation mechanisms. The challenge has been to match these insights with tailored drug discovery strategies to yield potent, highly selective drugs. With optimized drugs in hand, physicians could apply the principles of personalized medicine with an increasing number of options to treat patients with improved precision according to their tumor's molecular genotype.
Learning to Estimate Without Bias (2021)

The Gauss Markov theorem states that the weighted least squares estimator is a linear minimum variance unbiased estimation (MVUE) in linear models. In this paper, we take a first step towards extending this result to non linear settings via deep learning with bias constraints. The classical approach to designing non-linear MVUEs is through maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) which often involves computationally challenging optimizations. On the other hand, deep learning methods allow for non-linear estimators with fixed computational complexity. Learning based estimators perform optimally on average with respect to their training set but may suffer from significant bias in other parameters. To avoid this, we propose to add a simple bias constraint to the loss function, resulting in an estimator we refer to as Bias Constrained Estimator (BCE). We prove that this yields asymptotic MVUEs that behave similarly to the classical MLEs and asymptotically attain the Cramer Rao bound. We demonstrate the advantages of our approach in the context of signal to noise ratio estimation as well as covariance estimation. A second motivation to BCE is in applications where multiple estimates of the same unknown are averaged for improved performance. Examples include distributed sensor networks and data augmentation in test-time. In such applications, we show that BCE leads to asymptotically consistent estimators.
Studies on the oxidation of 1, 3-dithiane and 5, 5-disubstituted analogues including X-ray crystal structure, equilibration studies and pK a measurements on selected oxides (1994)

Oxidation of 1,3-dithiane has been carried out using eight different oxidants under several different reaction conditions. The most favourable conditions for obtaining the required trans-1,3-dithiane 1,3-dioxide were to use either MCPBA in Et2O or NaIO4 in MeOH–H2O. Other 5,5-disubstituted 1,3-dithianes were also prepared and subjected to similar oxidations. For these compounds the best oxidant for obtaining the trans-dioxides was O3. A rationalisation for the stereochemical outcome of the oxidations is presented and requires that trans-1,3-dithiane 1,3-dioxide is more stable than cis-1,3-dithiane 1,3-dioxide. This is borne out by equilibration studies of the two diastereoisomeric sulfoxides using N2O4. A rationalisation for the greater stability of the trans compared to the cis isomer is also presented and fits with the pKa values and melting points of the two compounds.
Experience with the Parallel Workloads Archive (2012)

Workload traces from real computer systems are invaluable for research purposes but regularly suffer from quality issues that might distort the results. As uncovering such issues can be difficult, researchers would benefit if, in addition to the data, the accumulated experience concerning its quality and possible corrections is also made available. We attempt to provide this information for the Parallel Workloads Archive, a repository of job-level usage data from large-scale parallel supercomputers, clusters, and grids, which has been used extensively in research on job scheduling strategies for parallel systems. Data quality problems encountered include missing data, inconsistent data, erroneous data, system configuration changes during the logging period, and unrepresentative user behavior. Some of these may be countered by filtering out the problematic data items. In other cases, being cognizant of the problems may affect the decision of which datasets to use.
Total Knee Arthroplasty in Limbs Affected by Poliomyelitis (2002)

Pain and knee scores improved following total knee arthroplasty in patients with a history of poliomyelitis and antigravity quadriceps strength, but there was less pain relief in patients with less than antigravity quadriceps strength. Recurrence of instability and progressive functional deterioration is possible in all knees affected by poliomyelitis that have undergone total knee replacement, but they appear to occur more commonly in more severely affected knees.
(Invited) The Chemical Composition of Low Dielectric Constant Films from Ion Beam Scattering Methodologies (2010)

A suite of ion beam scattering methodologies is described for determining the atomic composition of the thin films commonly used as interlayer dielectric barriers (low-k) in next generation integrated circuits. These Si based films typically also contain light elements, such as O, C, and H, that are not easily detected with traditional elastic Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) and nuclear resonance enhanced RBS measurements when the thin film is supported on a substrate that also contain heavy elements like Si. To circumvent this difficulty, 2 MeV forward scattering (FS) spectrometry is used to enhance the light element sensitivity by separating their characteristic energies from those of the Si substrate and increasing their relative scattering cross-section. This allows an accurate determination the Si:O:C ratio. The absolute H abundance is determined from forward recoil spectrometry (FRES) on both the unknown low-k film and polystyrene (PS) reference film of known H content (defined by the stoichiometry and film thickness). The complete stoichiometry and atomic density of the low-k film are fit from either the RBS or grazing angle backscattering (GBS) spectrum using constraints implied by the absolute aerial H density and the Si:O:C ratio.
Synthesis of Dinuclear Complexes Containing PCl2 and PF2 Bridges (1977)

Stable dinuclear complexes having the partial structure M‐‐‐PCl 2 ‐‐‐M′ (M,M′Cr, W) have now been synthesized. They can be transformed into the corresponding fluorine derivatives by treatment with AgBF 4 . equation image
Code Design for Non-Coherent Detection of Frame Headers in Precoded\n Satellite Systems (2018)

In this paper we propose a simple method for generating short-length\nrate-compatible codes over $\\mathbb{Z}_M$ that are robust to non-coherent\ndetection for $M$-PSK constellations. First, a greedy algorithm is used to\nconstruct a family of rotationally invariant codes for a given constellation.\nThen, by properly modifying such codes we obtain codes that are robust to\nnon-coherent detection. We briefly discuss the optimality of the constructed\ncodes for special cases of BPSK and QPSK constellations. Our method provides an\nupper bound for the length of optimal codes with a given desired non-coherent\ndistance. We also derive a simple asymptotic upper bound on the frame error\nrate (FER) of such codes and provide the simulation results for a selected set\nof proposed codes. Finally, we briefly discuss the problem of designing binary\ncodes that are robust to non-coherent detection for QPSK constellation.\n
Autonomous Image Analysis to Accelerate the Discovery and Integration of Energy Materials (2022)

Accelerating the development of electrochemical energy devices (e.g., batteries, fuel cells, electrolysis cells) is pivotal for the transition towards a green and sustainable energy economy. A significant proportion of development efforts in this realm is relying on new functional materials as electrocatalytically active media, ionic media, porous transport media, or multi-functional electrodes. Experimental materials research harnesses a broad spectrum of imaging and visualization methods, based on modern spectroscopy, microscopy, and scattering techniques. These techniques are utilized to quantify structural characteristics of materials and to detect and monitor structural changes during fabrication and normal operating cycles of the device. The extreme diversity and the complexity of materials leave the applications of conventional methods for image processing often empirical and indiscriminate. Recently, deep learning (DL) models based on deep convolutional neural networks (ConvNets) have been transforming the field of computer vision by outperforming the classical algorithms in various problems such as image recognition, reconstruction, synthesis, style transfer, and other tasks. To leverage the advancements in DL-based approaches in materials research, ConvNet models are employed for various analysis tasks like segmentation, object detection, denoising, or super-resolution microscopy. Here, we will present DL-based methodical pipelines to automate the particle size distribution analysis of Pt nanoparticles in catalyst layers [1] and for high-throughput screening of catalyst layer inks [2] in polymer electrolyte fuel cells. References : [1] Colliard-Granero, André, Mariah Batool, Jasna Jankovic, Jenia Jitsev, Michael Eikerling, Kourosh Malek, and Mohammad Javad Eslamibidgoli. "Deep learning for the automation of particle analysis in catalyst layers for polymer electrolyte fuel cells." Nanoscale (2021) DOI: 10.1039/d1nr06435e [2] Eslamibidgoli, Mohammad J., Fabian P. Tipp, Jenia Jitsev, Jasna Jankovic, Michael H. Eikerling, and Kourosh Malek. "Convolutional neural networks for high throughput screening of catalyst layer inks for polymer electrolyte fuel cells." RSC Advances 11, no. 51 (2021): 32126-32134.
Lunar Astronaut Navigation Using LASOIS: Performance of a Simulated Apollo-14 Traverse at Haleakala National Park, Hawaii (2011)

R. Li 1 , S. He 1 , B. Skopljak 1 , X. Meng 1 , A. Yilmaz 2 , J. Jiang 2 , M. S. Banks 3 , S. Kim 3 , C. Oman 4 . 1 Mapping and GIS Laboratory, CEEGS, The Ohio State University, 470 Hitchcock Hall, 2070 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210-1275, li.282@osu.edu; 2 Photogrammetric Computer Vision Laboratory, CEEGS, The Ohio State University; 3 Visual Space Perception Laboratory, University of California Berkeley; 4 Man Vehicle Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Traversal Using Relays around NAT (TURN) Bandwidth Probe (2015)

Performing pre-call probing to discover a reasonable value for the
available bandwidth, is useful information that can be utilized by
bandwidth sensitive or bandwidth intensive network devices (e.g.,
video encoders). The method described herein is intended to produce an
initial bandwidth value. Applications using this mechanism should also
employ appropriate rate adaptation techniques. In addition to
bandwidth, latency and bufferbloat can also be measured. No
modification is needed on the server side.
Mucus and H. pylori. (1997)

A continuous, adherent mucus gel layer with mucosal bicarbonate secretion is the initial protective barrier in the stomach and duodenum against erosion by the gastric juice. H. pylori resides within the adherent mucus gel layer close to the epithelial surface. The barrier function of the mucus layer in vivo depends on (i) its thickness, and (ii) its gel structure, a property which is linearly dependent on the polymeric mucin content. We have shown in vivo that H. pylori colonisation alone did not decrease the thickness of the adherent gastric mucus barrier, although there was a mean 20% decrease in mucus thickness in those H. pylori positive subjects with underlying gastric atrophy. There was, however, a significant mean 18% reduction in the gel-forming polymeric mucin content of mucus from H. pylori subjects, independent of underlying atrophy. Studies in vitro suggest this loss of gel structure might arise from a H. pylori mediated, high local pH generated by urease activity rather than by proteolysis. This study shows that H. pylori infection alone does not compromise the overall integrity of the mucus barrier in vivo. However, in the immediate environment of the organism there appears to be a localised loss of mucus gel structure. The mucus barrier is compromised if H. pylori associated gastric atrophy or peptic ulceration follows.
REGEN-COV Antibody Combination in Outpatients With COVID-19 – Phase 1/2 Results (2021)

ABSTRACT Background Continued SARS-CoV-2 infections and COVID-19-related hospitalizations highlight the need for effective anti-viral treatments in the outpatient setting. In a descriptive interim analysis of the phase 1/2 portion of a double-blind phase 1/2/3 trial in COVID-19 outpatients conducted between June 16, 2020 and September 4, 2020, REGEN-COV ® (casirivimab plus imdevimab) antibody combination reduced SARS-CoV-2 viral load versus placebo. Methods This final phase 1/2 analysis comprises 799 outpatients, including 275 from the previous descriptive analysis (group-1) and 524 from phase 2 (group-2). Patients were randomized (1:1:1) to placebo, REGEN-COV 2400mg, or REGEN-COV 8000mg. Prespecified hierarchical analyses of virologic endpoints were performed in group-2. The proportion of patients with ≥1 COVID-19–related medically attended visit (MAV) through day 29 was assessed in group-1+2. Efficacy was assessed in patients confirmed SARS-CoV-2–positive by baseline nasopharyngeal RT-qPCR. Safety was assessed in all treated patients. Results Data from 799 outpatients enrolled from June 16, 2020 to September 23, 2020 are reported. Time-weighted average daily reduction in viral load through day 7 was significantly greater in the REGEN-COV combined 2400mg+8000mg group versus placebo in patients with baseline viral load &gt;10 7 copies/mL (prespecified primary endpoint): -0.68 log 10 copies/ml (95% CI, -0.94 to -0.41; P &lt;.0001). This reduction was - 0.73 ( P &lt;.0001) and -0.36 ( P =.0003) log 10 copies/mL in serum antibody–negative patients and in the overall population, respectively. REGEN-COV reduced the proportion of patients with ≥1 COVID-19–related MAV versus placebo (2.8% [12/434] REGEN-COV combined dose group versus 6.5% [15/231] placebo; P =.024; relative risk reduction [RRR]=57%); in patients with ≥1 risk factor for hospitalization, the treatment effect was more pronounced (RRR=71%). Adverse events were similar across groups. Conclusions In COVID-19 outpatients enrolled prior to the widespread circulation of delta and omicron variants, treatment with REGEN-COV significantly reduced viral load and COVID-19–related MAVs.
ChemInform Abstract: In situ Neutron Powder Diffraction of the Formation of SrGa2D2, and Hydrogenation Behavior of YbGa2 and EuGa2. (2013)

Abstract The hydrogenation behavior of the Zintl phases MGa 2 (M: Sr, Eu, Yb) is investigated.
Images of Information Systems Development in the Practice of Architecture (2003)

This paper explores various architectural images and uses them as analogies with which to explore critically computer-based information systems development. These images include approaches, roles and practices, how they relate to the client, to other professions and trades and the built environment. These images, particularly those relating to participative and adaptive development, will be used to propose parallel emergent forms of computer-based information systems development practices and disciplinary relationships that have the potential to address the inconsistent performance of information systems and a record that includes some notable failures. As well as providing guidance to the IS profession and practice, the paper discusses implications for our teaching and the discipline of information systems in general.
ChemInform Abstract: Generation of Cation Radicals from Enamines and Their Reactions with Olefin. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Large-length high-speed discrete silicon photodetectors for coherent optical processing (1997)

Silicon photodiodes with active area dimensions of 1-mm and 5- mm lengths and approximately 30-micrometers width fabricated by a standard, 2-micrometer complimentary metal-oxide-silicon process have been used in a coherent optical processing system with ac coupling. The effective bandwidth of the detectors as measured in the coherent optical test arrangement was greater than 1.25 GHz, and it is estimated that the actual bandwidth of the detectors as used in such a system may be 5 GHz, where ac coupling removes the effects of the full widths at half maximum and of the fall times of the detectors on the test arrangement response. Photodetector rise times in response to impulse optical excitation at 810-nm wavelength were of the order of 100 ps.
The role of chemotherapy in the management of cancer of the head and neck: A review (1975)

Although experience with drug therapy of advanced or recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck is limited, several agents have produced convincing and reproducible tumor regression in these patients. Methotrexate has had the widest usage, and produces 30–50% response rates; bleomycin, hydroxyurea, and adriamycin appear to be somewhat less effective. Location of the malignancy and previous x-ray treatment appear to be important determinants of responsiveness to methotrexate, while degree of differentiation has not yet been shown to be an important factor for response to this drug. Attempts to improve the response rate and duration of the chemotherapeutic response by utilizing combinations of drugs, or use of drugs to sensitize the tumor to x-ray treatment, or to reduce the bulk of tumor before x-ray treatment, are reviewed; they have been only moderately encouraging. Intra-arterial chemotherapy appears to have a therapeutic advantage over intravenous treatment; however, the morbidity associated with the former approach limits its usefulness for routine usage. The use of drugs as adjuncts following surgery and/or radiation therapy or immunotherapy are newer approaches that have not been investigated sufficiently, but are promising areas for investigation.