gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improvement of Rear Surface Passivation Quality in p-Type Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells Using Boron-Doped Microcrystalline Silicon Oxide (2011)

Boron-doped microcrystalline silicon oxide (µc-SiO x :H) films for application as a back surface field (BSF) in p-type silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells have been characterized. We found that the µc-SiO x :H(p) film at the optimized condition shows high conductivity and good passivation effect with a low surface recombination velocity of around 10 2 cm/s. However, too much oxygen atoms in the films increase the defect and the passivation quality degrades. Thus, the control of oxygen content in the films is very important to obtain a high passivation quality. With applying the µc-SiO x :H(p) as a BSF layer leads to improved p-type SHJ solar cells performance, which shows the enchantment of EQE spectra in long wavelengths between 800 and 1200 nm. The highest efficiency of the p-type SHJ solar cell we obtain is 18.5% (active area = 0.88 cm 2 ) with a V oc = 659 mV, J sc = 34.7 mA/cm 2 , and FF= 80.9%.
Development of spin quantum bits in SOI CMOS technology (2018)

Abst ract We pres ent the rece nt adva nces mad e tow ards the reali zati on of elect ron and hole qua ntu m bit devi ces on a Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) technology. Such devices are obtained by slightly modifying our standard process flow for nanowire transistor fabrication. Recent developments on electrical control of the qubits are reviewed.
Molecular characterization of colorectal adenomas with and without malignancy reveals distinguishing genome, transcriptome and methylome alterations (2018)

The majority of colorectal cancer (CRC) arises from precursor lesions known as polyps. The molecular determinants that distinguish benign from malignant polyps remain unclear. To molecularly characterize polyps, we utilized Cancer Adjacent Polyp (CAP) and Cancer Free Polyp (CFP) patients. CAPs had tissues from the residual polyp of origin and contiguous cancer; CFPs had polyp tissues matched to CAPs based on polyp size, histology and dysplasia. To determine whether molecular features distinguish CAPs and CFPs, we conducted Whole Genome Sequencing, RNA-seq, and RRBS on over 90 tissues from 31 patients. CAPs had significantly more mutations, altered expression and hypermethylation compared to CFPs. APC was significantly mutated in both polyp groups, but mutations in TP53, FBXW7, PIK3CA, KIAA1804 and SMAD2 were exclusive to CAPs. We found significant expression changes between CAPs and CFPs in GREM1, IGF2, CTGF, and PLAU, and both expression and methylation alterations in FES and HES1. Integrative analyses revealed 124 genes with alterations in at least two platforms, and ERBB3 and E2F8 showed aberrations specific to CAPs across all platforms. These findings provide a resource of molecular distinctions between polyps with and without cancer, which have the potential to enhance the diagnosis, risk assessment and management of polyps.
Crystal Structure of Human DT-diaphorase:  A Model for Interaction with the Cytotoxic Prodrug 5-(Aziridin-1-yl)-2,4-dinitrobenzamide (CB1954) (1999)

The crystal structure of human DT-diaphorase (NAD(P)H oxidoreductase (quinone); EC 1.6.99.2) has been determined to 2.3 A resolution. There are only minor differences in shape and volume between the active sites of the rat and human enzymes and in the hydrophobic environment in the vicinity of the substrate. The isoalloxazine ring of the bound FAD is more buried in the human structure. Molecular modeling was used to examine optimal positions for the antitumor prodrug CB1954 (5-(aziridin-1-yl)-2,4-dinitrobenzamide) in both the human and rat enzyme active sites. This suggests that the position of CB1954 in the active site of the human enzyme is very similar to that in the rat, although there are detailed differences in the predicted patterns of hydrogen bonding between side chains and the drug. Some of the differences are a consequence of the shift in position for the FAD molecule and may contribute to the observed differences in rate of the two-electron reduction of CB1954.
Seamless Chemistry for Sustainability (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction The Feedstock and Energy Challenge The Technology Challenges Conclusion References
Six-month outcome of transapical transcatheter aortic valve implantation in the initial seven patients (2006)

Background: The current treatment of choice for symptomatic aortic stenosis is aortic valve replacement (AVR) with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), but AVR is associated with significant operative morbidity and mortality in elderly patients with multiple co-morbid conditions. We recently reported the first successful aortic valve implantation procedure (AVI) via a mini-thoracotomy and left ventricular apical puncture without cardiopulmonary bypass. We now report 6-month follow-up in our initial seven patients. Methods: Seven patients (77 ± 10 years old) with symptomatic aortic stenosis were deemed to be non-surgical candidates for AVR and not suitable for a transfemoral percutaneous heart valve implantation due to aorto-iliac disease. The predicted 30-day operative mortality was 31 ± 23% according to logistic Euroscore. Patients underwent minimally invasive transapical AVI. With the guidance of fluoroscopy and transesophageal echocardiography, balloon predilation was followed by deployment of a 26 mm Cribier–Edwards™ valve (Edwards Lifesciences Inc., Irvine, CA) during rapid ventricular pacing to reduce forward flow and cardiac motion. Results: Valve implantation was successful in all seven patients. There were no intra-procedural mortalities or complications. Thirty-day operative mortality was 14%. One patient died at day 12 due to pneumonia. Two patients died from non-cardiac diseases at day 51 and 85. The remaining four patients completed 6-month follow-up. The aortic valve area increased from 0.7 ± 0.3 to 1.8 ± 0.7 and 1.5 ± 0.5 cm2 at 1 and 6 months, respectively. The mean transaortic gradient was reduced from 32 ± 8 to 10 ± 5 and 11 ± 8 mmHg at 1 and 6 months, respectively. Following AVI, none or trivial, mild, and moderate aortic regurgitation was observed in 4, 2, and 1 patients, respectively. There were no valve-related complications during the follow-up. Conclusion: Aortic valve implantation can successfully be performed via a minimally invasive apical approach without the need for cardiopulmonary bypass. The early results in this initial series are encouraging. This initial experience suggests that the minimally invasive transapical approach is a viable alternative for patients in whom open-heart surgery is not feasible or poses unacceptable risks.
Retinopathy Signs Improved Prediction and Reclassification of Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Diabetes: A prospective cohort study (2017)

CVD risk prediction in diabetics is imperfect, as risk models are derived mainly from the general population. We investigate whether the addition of retinopathy and retinal vascular caliber improve CVD prediction beyond established risk factors in persons with diabetes. We recruited participants from the Singapore Malay Eye Study (SiMES, 2004-2006) and Singapore Prospective Study Program (SP2, 2004-2007), diagnosed with diabetes but no known history of CVD at baseline. Retinopathy and retinal vascular (arteriolar and venular) caliber measurements were added to risk prediction models derived from Cox regression model that included established CVD risk factors and serum biomarkers in SiMES, and validated this internally and externally in SP2. We found that the addition of retinal parameters improved discrimination compared to the addition of biochemical markers of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP). This was even better when the retinal parameters and biomarkers were used in combination (C statistic 0.721 to 0.774, p = 0.013), showing improved discrimination, and overall reclassification (NRI = 17.0%, p = 0.004). External validation was consistent (C-statistics from 0.763 to 0.813, p = 0.045; NRI = 19.11%, p = 0.036). Our findings show that in persons with diabetes, retinopathy and retinal microvascular parameters add significant incremental value in reclassifying CVD risk, beyond established risk factors.
Enzymatic and Cryoreduction EPR Studies of the Hydroxylation of Methylated Nω-Hydroxy-l-arginine Analogues by Nitric Oxide Synthase from Geobacillus stearothermophilus (2014)

Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) catalyzes the conversion of L-arginine to L-citrulline and NO in a two-step process involving the intermediate N(ω)-hydroxy-L-arginine (NHA). It was shown that Cpd I is the oxygenating species for L-arginine; the hydroperoxo ferric intermediate is the reactive intermediate with NHA. Methylation of the N(ω)-OH and N(ω)-H of NHA significantly inhibits the conversion of NHA into NO and L-citrulline by mammalian NOS. Kinetic studies now show that N(ω)-methylation of NHA has a qualitatively similar effect on H₂O₂-dependent catalysis by bacterial gsNOS. To elucidate the effect of methylating N(ω)-hydroxy L-arginine on the properties and reactivity of the one-electron-reduced oxy-heme center of NOS, we have applied cryoreduction/annealing/EPR/ENDOR techniques. Measurements of solvent kinetic isotope effects during 160 K cryoannealing cryoreduced oxy-gsNOS/NHA confirm the hydroperoxo ferric intermediate as the catalytically active species of step two. Product analysis for cryoreduced samples with methylated NHA's, NHMA, NMOA, and NMMA, annealed to 273 K, show a correlation of yields of L-citrulline with the intensity of the g 2.26 EPR signal of the peroxo ferric species trapped at 77 K, which converts to the reactive hydroperoxo ferric state. There is also a correlation between the yield of L-citrulline in these experiments and k(obs) for the H₂O₂-dependent conversion of the substrates by gsNOS. Correspondingly, no detectable amount of cyanoornithine, formed when Cpd I is the reactive species, was found in the samples. Methylation of the NHA guanidinium N(ω)-OH and N(ω)-H inhibits the second NO-producing reaction by favoring protonation of the ferric-peroxo to form unreactive conformers of the ferric-hydroperoxo state. It is suggested that this is caused by modification of the distal-pocket hydrogen-bonding network of oxy gsNOS and introduction of an ordered water molecule that facilitates delivery of the proton(s) to the one-electron-reduced oxy-heme moiety. These results illustrate how variations in the properties of the substrate can modulate the reactivity of a monooxygenase.
Do retinopathy signs in non-diabetic individuals predict the subsequent risk of diabetes? (2006)

In individuals with a family history of diabetes, retinopathy signs predict subsequent risk of clinical diabetes.
Computer Algebraic Manipulation for the Calculus of Variations, The Maximum Principle, and Automatic Control (1974)

Abstract : This report describes how to use a computer algebra system such as MACSYMA to slve variational optimization problems analytically. For a calculate of variations problem, the user merely provides expressions for the integrand of the functional and any constraints. From these expressions, a program derives the specific Euler-Lagrange equations together with first integrals when the augmented functional is free of the independent and/or any dependent variables. Other programs may then be used to construct families of analytical solutions to these differential equations and to obtain the particular solutions that satisfy given boundary conditions.
The 5S Subunit of Transcarboxylase Interacts with Free Biotin as Studied by Transferred-NOESY and Saturation Transfer Difference NMR (2008)

The 5S subunit of transcarboxylase was expressed and purified. Recent methods of NMR spectroscopy as transferred NOESY, INPHARMA and Saturation Transfer Difference (STD) NMR were used to investigate ligand binding of free biotin to the 5S protein. The binding epitope for biotin is very similar to that obtained at the 12S subunit of transcarboxylase, however no common binding site for pyruvate and biotin exists.
Parahydrogen‐Induced Polarization of a Labeled, Cancer‐Targeting DNA Aptamer (2023)

Abstract Enhancing NMR signals of biomacromolecules by hyperpolarization offers exciting opportunities for diagnostic applications. However, their hyperpolarization via para hydrogen remains challenging as specific catalytic interactions are required, which are difficult to tune due to the large size of the biomolecule and its insolubility in organic solvents. Herein, we show the unprecedented hyperpolarization of the cancer‐targeting DNA aptamer AS1411. By screening different molecular motifs for an unsaturated label in nucleosides and in DNA oligomers, we were able to identify structural prerequisites for the hyperpolarization of AS1411. Finally, adjusting the polarity of AS1411 by complexing the DNA backbone with amino polyethylene glycol chains allowed the hydrogenation of the label with para hydrogen while the DNA structure remains stable to maintain its biological function. Our results are expected to advance hyperpolarized molecular imaging technology for disease detection in the future.
Device-length changes and implant function following surgical implantation of the KineSpring in cadaver knees (2015)

Spring compression consistent with knee-load reduction, and device lengthening and shortening to accommodate knee loads and motions were seen. These confirm the functionality of the KineSpring when implanted medially to the knee.
In vitro culture of human peripheral blood monocytes induces hyaluronan binding and up-regulates monocyte variant CD44 isoform expression (1996)

CD44 is a cell surface proteoglycan homologous to cartilage link protein that serves as a receptor for hyaluronan (HA). CD44 isoforms include an unspliced 80- to 90-kDa standard form (CD44S) and isoforms derived from alternative splicing of nine CD44 variant exons (CD44V). Ligation of CD44 isoforms on monocytes induces the production of IL-1 and TNF-alpha. In addition, CD44 mAbs and HA inhibit HIV infection of monocytes by monocytotropic HIV, but do not inhibit T cell tropic HIV infectivity of T cells. To determine the ability of PB lymphocytes and monocytes to bind HA and to define and compare CD44 isoforms present on PB monocytes and lymphocytes, we studied PBMC using a panel of CD44 mAbs, HA-FITC, flow cytometry, and Western blot analysis. We found that freshly isolated PB monocytes and lymphocytes did not bind soluble HA. However, in vitro culture of PBMC for 8 to 16 h resulted in CD44-dependent HA-FITC binding to monocytes, but not to lymphocytes. Western blot and flow cytometry analyses using CD44 mAbs demonstrated selective expression of high m.w. CD44V isoforms on cultured monocytes, but not on lymphocytes. Finally, tissue macrophages and multinucleated giant cells from patients with inflammatory lesions expressed CD44V6- and CD44V9-containing CD44 isoforms in vivo, suggesting that CD44V expression is associated with differentiation of monocytes to tissue macrophages in vivo in inflammatory sites. Taken together, our data demonstrate that PB monocytes, but not T or B lymphocytes, acquire the ability to bind HA and up-regulate CD44V expression after in vitro culture.
Development of a process chain for the realization of multilayer weft knitted fabrics showing complex 2D/3D geometries for composite applications (2012)

The use of thermoplastic components with a complex three-dimensional (3D) shape, manufactured efficiently with thermo-presses, has been increased steadily. Flat knitting technology using reinforcing hybrid yarns in the horizontal and vertical direction is especially suited for producing near-net-shape or fully-fashion multilayer weft knitted fabrics – MLGs (abbreviated from the German word Mehrlagengestrick, meaning multilayer weft knitted fabric). The other advantages of manufacturing such MLGs, using flat knitting technology, are reduced waste and desired reinforcing fibre alignment to obtain improved mechanical properties for high-performance applications. Before knitting 3D shaped MLGs, it is necessary to transfer the 3D component geometry into a suitable two-dimensional (2D) pattern cut by implementing parting lines. The use of computer-aided design (CAD) programs enables an effective development of complex components preforms. The generated 2D pattern cuts are analyzed with the consideration of net-shape preforming processes on V-bed flat knitting machines. The development of a segmented take-down system for effective production of 3D MLG preforms is also discussed.
Simultaneous fabrication of laser-active colour centres and permanent microgratings in lithium fluoride by a single femtosecond pulse (2003)

We report, for the first time, simultaneous fabrication of laser-active F2 and F3+ colour centres in lithium fluoride and permanent periodic gratings with fringe spacings as fine as sub-micron size by two interfering infrared femtosecond (fs) laser pulses. In particular, the optical properties (absorption and luminescence) of F2 and F3+ colour centres produced by a single fs laser pulse are compared with those created by damage from radiation such as x-rays. The present technique of simultaneously fabricating laser-active colour centres and functional fine-periodic structures in photo-insensitive transparent materials may well be a useful method for making miniaturized optical devices.
Obtaining and Efficiency Assessment of Diagnostic Agglutinating Serum for Identifying the Causative Agent of Listeriosis (2021)

Listeriosis is a saprozoonotic natural anthropurgic infectious disease caused by Listeria monocytogenes, with multiple pathways and factors of its transmission, characterized by pronounced clinical polymorphism from carriage and subclinical to severe generalized forms, meningitis and meningoencephalitis, and high mortality among newborn children and individuals with immunodeficiency. Express diagnostics of listeriosis is based on the use of immuno-chemical (immunodiffusion reaction, enzyme immunoassay) and molecular genetic (polymerase chain reaction) methods. In the practice of laboratory diagnostics, serological methods for the study of listeriosis remain in high demand for verifying the clinical diagnosis. One of the specific, reliable and available serological methods for laboratory diagnostics of causative agents of infectious diseases remains the agglutination test (AT), to conduct which, listeria agglutinating serum is required. Obtaining diagnostic agglutinating listeria serum with a high level of diagnostic sensitivity and specificity will allow timely identification of the pathogen in the test tube AT and on glass, based on the specific interaction of the antigen with the anti-body, with the formation of agglutinate visible to the naked eye. In this study a scheme has been developed for immunization of animal producers to obtain diagnostic listeria agglutinat-ing serum. Evaluation of the clinical efficiency of two series of the serum was carried out based on the indices of diagnostic sensitivity with different serovariants of L. monocytogenes and diagnostic specificity with closely related and heterologous strains in the test tube AT and on glass. During the study of 25 strains of L. monocytogenes serogroups I and II (serotypes 1/2a, 1/2b, 1/2c, 3a, 3b, 3c, 4a, 4b, 4c, 7) isolated on the territory of the Russian Federation from various sources (clinical material, food products, wastewater), the serum titer did not differ and amounted to 1:800 in the course of in vitro agglutination reaction; a positive result was obtained on glass in 100% of cases. The assessment of the statistical reliability of the ob-tained test results was at least 89 % with a statistical significance of 95 %, which indicates a high diagnostic efficiency of the serum. In order to establish intra-stage convergence and inter-series reproducibility of studies, two probabilities of binomial distributions were compared. The convergence of staged studies for all positive samples has been proven. Based on the re-sults obtained, listeriosis serum can be used as a medical preparation for in vitro diagnostics of the causative agent of listeriosis.
PREgDICT : Early prediction of gestational weight gain for pregnancy care (2019)

Excessive or inadequate Gestational Weight Gain (GWG) is considered to not only put the mothers, but also the infants at increased risks with a number of adverse outcomes. In this paper, we use self-reported weight measurements from the early days of pregnancy to predict and classify the end-of-pregnancy weight gain into an underweight, normal or obese category in accordance with the Institute of Medicine recommended guidelines. Self-reported weight measurements suffer from issues such as lack of enough data and non-uniformity. We propose and compare two novel parametric and non-parametric approaches that utilise self-training data along with population data to tackle limited data availability. We, dynamically find the subset of closest time series from the population weight-gain data to a given subject. Then, a non-parametric Gaussian Process (GP) regression model, learnt on the selected subset is used to forecast the self-reported weight measurements of given subject. Our novel approach produces mean absolute error (MAE) of 2.572 kgs in forecasting end-of-pregnancy weight gain and achieves weight-category-classification accuracy of 63.75% mid-way through the pregnancy, whereas a state-of-the-art approach is only 53.75% accurate and produces high MAE of 16.22 kgs. Our method ensures reliable prediction of the end-of-pregnancy weight gain using few data points and can assist in early intervention that can prevent gaining or losing excessive weight during pregnancy.
Sound signals decomposition using a high resolution matching pursuit (1996)

Sound recordings include transients and sustained parts. Their analysis with a basis expansion is not rich enough to represent efficiently all such components. Pursuit algorithms choose the decomposition vectors depending upon the signal properties. The dictionary among which these vectors are selected is much larger than a basis. Matching Pursuit is fast to compute, but can provide coarse representations. Basis Pursuit gives a better representation but is very expensive in terms of calculation time. This paper develops a High Resolution Matching Pursuit : it is a fast, high time-resolution, time-frequency analysis algorithm, that makes it likely to be used for musical applications. 1 Introduction The complexity of structures encountered in sound signals requires the development of adaptive lowlevel representations in order to provide meaningful analysis. Usual time-frequency analysis methods, such as Wavelet [KM88] or Short Time Fourier Transform [RS78] [Moo78], perform a decompositi...