gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polypropylene embedded metal mesh broadband achromatic half-wave plate for millimeter wavelengths (2011)

We describe a novel multilayered metal-mesh achromatic half-wave plate (HWP) for use in astronomical polarimetric instruments. The HWP is designed to operate across the frequency range from 125 to 250 GHz. The wave plate is manufactured from 12 layers of thin film metallic inductive and capacitive grids patterned onto polypropylene sheets, which are then bonded together using a hot-pressing technique. Transmission line modeling and three-dimensional electromagnetic simulations are used to optimize the parameters of the metal-mesh patterns and to evaluate their optical properties. A prototype HWP has been fabricated, and its performance is characterized in a polarizing Fourier transform spectrometer. The device performance is consistent with the modeling, although the measured differential phase shift for two orthogonal polarizations is lower than expected. This difference is likely to result from imperfect patterning of individual layers and misalignment of the grids during manufacture.
150 GBd PAM-4 Electrical Signal Generation using SiGe-Based Analog Multiplexer Ic (2022)

We present a 2:1 analog multiplexer evaluation board for increasing the analog bandwidth of digital-to-analog converters, based on an integrated circuit in IHP's new 130 nm SiGe BiCMOS technology generation SG13G3. The resulting significant leap in performance of the IC with a signal path 3-dB-bandwidth of more than 110 GHz is used to generate ultra-high bandwidth 4-level pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM) signals at 150 GBd and 120 GBd, as well as 8-level PAM signals at 120 GBd, utilizing advanced digital signal processing.
Syndecan: Regulator of Cell Morphology and Growth Factor Action at the Cell-matrix Interface. (1993)

Syndecans are family of four cell surface proteoglycans with conserved plasma membrane and cytoplasmic domains. The ectodomains contain convalently linked glycosaminogly can chains which mainly consist of heparan sulfate (HS) but also of chondroitin sulfate (CS). The prototype of syndecan family, syndecan-I, has been shown to bind selectively several extracellular matrix molecules via its HS chains. It can simultaneously bind also heparin binding growth factors and predict the site of growth promotion by immoblizing the tyrosine kinase receptor complex to site of syndecan-matrix interaction. Besides growth promotion syndecan also participates in the regulation of cell morphology by supporting the organization of cytoskeletal elements of epithelial cells. This type of regulation could be important for normal maintenance of epithelial morphology because syndecan expression has been shown to decline or to be lost in several transformed epithelial cell. Binding of two types of extracellular effector molecules by HS chains has provided for syndecan an unique way to participate in the regulation of cell growth and morphology, and indicates the importance of carbohydrate studies in cell biology.
Proceedings of the 2014 international symposium on Memory management (2014)

It is our great pleasure to welcome you to the 2014 ACM International Symposium on Memory Management. This year the call for papers attracted 22 submissions from around the world, representing research from academia and industry. The program committee selected 11 of these papers for presentation and publication in the conference. The acceptance rate is similar to prior years and reflects the generally high quality of submissions to ISMM.

We encourage participants to attend the opening keynote by Tony Printezis:

• Use of the JVM at Twitter: A Bird's Eye View, Tony Printezis, Twitter, Inc.

Tony spent 10 years at Sun Microsystems (now Oracle) working on garbage collection and virtual machine technology, on both the research side and product side. Now at Twitter, Tony will talk about the special demands placed on VMs and memory managers by the Twitter infrastructure and how his team is addressing them.
Three-tone characterization of high-linearity waveguide uni-traveling-carrier photodiodes (2008)

The IMD3 of waveguide UTC photodiodes are characterized using a three-tone technique that is independent of harmonics from the optical sources. At 1 GHz, an OIP3 of 46.2 dBm at 60 mA of photocurrent is measured.
Temperature dependence of second-order nonlinear relaxation of a poled chromophore-doped sol–gel material (2001)

Second-order optical nonlinearity relaxations of hybrid inorganic/organic sol–gel films doped with poled Disperse Red 1 chromophores were measured by second harmonic generation at several temperatures. The decay curves were fitted to biexponentials and Köhlrausch, Williams, and Watts (KWW) stretched exponentials. It can be concluded that the KWW model well describes chromophore thermal reorientation in hybrid sol–gel materials, as is known for all-organic polymers. Using the Arrhenius law, the activation energy of the reorientation process has been determined to be about 50 or 70 kcal mol−1. A stability of roughly a decade has been extrapolated at room temperature. Another experiment at room temperature gave an estimation of the stability that was found to be in qualitative agreement. It is shown that poled chromophore-doped sol–gel materials have the potential to be stable enough for applications in telecommunication devices.
Modeling CO2 Injection Including Diffusion in a Fractured-Chalk Experiment (2010)

Abstract This paper presents a modeling study of CO2 injection in chalk core based on laboratory data reported by Darvish et al. (2006). The experiment consisted of a vertically-oriented 60-cm long chalk outcrop core initially saturated with live reservoir oil at 130 ºC and 300 bar. After saturating the core with the oil mixture by displacement a small fracture volume surrounding the core was created by heating the solid Wood's metal that originally filled the volume between the core and core holder. Then CO2 was injected for 22 days. The experiment was performed at a pressure above the minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) as defined by a traditional 1D multi-contact displacement process (MMPlD). Our modeling study was conducted with a compositional reservoir simulator. The 2D r-z model used fine grid for the core matrix and surrounding fracture. The match of reported production data gave a high degree of confidence in the model. Also, produced mass fractions of components measured periodically during the experiment were matched. The compositional data fit was sensitive to the modeling of diffusion and the EOS model fit to depletion and swelling test data which included oil and gas mixtures with a clear definition of a critical transition. Our study indicates that gravitational drainage affected the recovery process for CO2 injection in the Darvish experiment, but also mass transfer by vaporization, condensation, and molecular diffusion. The injection of CO2 in North Sea fractured chalk reservoirs is of keen interest, as a secondary and tertiary recovery process (e.g. in Ekofisk and Valhall). Proper modeling of experimentals such as the Darvish tests is not only a step to understand local (microscopic and matrix-fracture interaction) recovery phenomena, but also as an important step in model upscaling for pilot and full-field projects.
ChemInform Abstract: Substituent Effects on the 4π + 2π Cycloadditions of 4H‐Pyran‐4‐one Derivatives. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A Novel Fan-Out Concept for Ultra-High Chip-to-Chip Interconnect Density with 20-µm Pitch (2018)

The rapid growth of data bandwidth required between logic and memory chips for next generation device nodes is progressively pushing low I/O count serial busses to their limits. To further satisfy this increasing need for high data rates, wider I/O count busses are now being developed and established. Over the past years, various Fan-Out Wafer-Level-Packaging (FOWLP) approaches have been developed to answer the needs mentioned above and the increasingly demanding function integration on package. Imec has been working on a novel 300mm Fan-Out Wafer-Level-Packaging concept that enables 20μm pitch interconnect density. Results from experiments demonstrates wafer bow below 500μm after molding on silicon substrate with ultra-low die shift with maximum die to carrier mismatch below 10μm on full 300mm wafers. Further warpage and die shift evolution are expected depending on the process steps the wafers must go through and will be further discussed.
The Multifaceted Appearance of Dichoptic Gratings and Noise Stimuli (2022)

Binocular vision requires combining two eye’s views into a single percept of the world. The rules that govern binocular combination can be studied by showing people dichoptic stimuli (stimuli that have differing appearance in the two eyes) and using an adjustment task to identify the most closely matching non-dichoptic stimulus. However, oftentimes the perception of dichoptic stimuli is a unique experience and is challenging to precisely match. A common example of this is the binocular rivalry experienced when viewing orthogonally oriented gratings in the two eyes. While rivalry is well-studied, less is known about the subjective appearance of stimuli with the same spatial pattern but different contrasts in the two eyes. Understanding perception of these more subtle dichoptic stimuli is relevant for the development of stereoscopic displays, in which interocular differences in color and contrast may occur either intentionally or unintentionally. In this study, we asked people to match a dichoptic and non-dichoptic stimulus as closely as possible in visual contrast. We then asked follow-up questions to better understand any remaining differences in appearance. Participants compared the stimuli in their overall brightness, contrast, luster, alternation over time (rivalry), and depth. We found that: (1) both dichoptic gratings and noise were less likely to have an exact match as the interocular contrast difference increased, (2) noise stimuli were overall less likely to have an exact match compared to gratings, (3) when an exact match could not be obtained, people tended to see luster and rivalry, with gratings more likely to be rivalrous and noise more likely to be lustrous, and (4) differences in perceived brightness, contrast, and depth were also common. These results suggest that the perception of dichoptic stimuli is multifaceted, such that contrast differences in stereoscopic displays have potential to be both problematic and beneficial.
High Resolution Casing Imaging Utilizing Magnetic Flux Leakage Measurements. (2008)

Abstract Magnetic flux leakage (MFL) logging tools work on the principle of inducing a magnetic flux within the casing wall and observing the amount of MFL due to variations in the casing thickness. Commonly, these devices utilize coil type sensors to measure the flux leakage and an electromagnet to induce the magnetic field within the pipe wall. Coil type sensors have an inherent limitation requiring the logging tool to move at a fixed logging speed in order to provide a meaningful measurement of flux leakage. Furthermore, the use of electromagnets to induce the magnetic field requires that the magnet be powered from surface which also has intrinsic problems with power limitations and variation in the field strength. A new generation of logging tool has been developed that utilizes a powerful samarium cobalt (SmCo5) permanent magnet to induce a high magnetic flux within the casing wall and Hall-effect sensors to detect perturbations in the internal surface flux caused by outer or inner defects in the pipe. Hall-effect sensors do not require a consistent logging speed in order to accurately measure flux leakage. The combination of these two developments now enables defects to be located in areas such as near surface where previous logging speed dependant methods would not work. An advanced interpretation method has also been developed that uses 3-dimensional images generated from high resolution MFL measurements. This type of measurement provides a clearer picture of the defects within the joint and also the ability to visually analyze and classify the MFL associated with collars, and other hardware. Collars and hardware are commonly ignored using traditional interpretation methods. Several examples are presented which demonstrate the improvements in logging tool functionality and in the use of 3-dimensional visualization techniques, most notably close to surface and near casing collars.
CypScore: Quantitative Prediction of Reactivity toward Cytochromes P450 Based on Semiempirical Molecular Orbital Theory (2009)

CypScore is an in silico approach for predicting the likely sites of cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism of druglike organic molecules. It consists of multiple models for the most important P450 oxidation reactions such as aliphatic hydroxylation, N-dealkylation, O-dealkylation, aromatic hydroxylation, double-bond oxidation, N-oxidation, and S-oxidation. Each of these models is based on atomic reactivity descriptors derived from surface-based properties calculated with ParaSurf and based on AM1 semiempirical molecular orbital theory. The models were trained with data derived from Bayer Schering Pharma's in-house MajorMetabolite Database with more than 2300 transformations and more than 800 molecules collected from the primary literature. The models have been balanced to allow the treatment of relative intramolecular, intra-chemotype, and inter-chemotype reactivities of the labile sites toward oxidation. The models were evaluated with promising hit rates on three public datasets of varying quality in the annotation of the experimental positions. For 39 well-characterized compounds from 14 in-house lead optimization programs, we could detect at least one major metabolite for the three highest-ranked positions in 87 % of the compounds and overall more than 62 % of all major metabolites, with promising true- to false-positive ratios of 0.9.
Downregulation ofc-mycExpression after Heat Shock in Human B-Cell Lines Is Independent of 5’ mRNA Sequences (1995)

The effect of heat-shock on the expression of c-myc genes in different chromosomal contexts was investigated in a panel of human B-lymphoid cell lines. Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines with c-myc translocation breakpoints upstream of the first exon, within the exon itself, or in the first intron showed downregulation of c-myc levels as did a cell line without any translocation. The c-myc mRNA of cell lines with translocation breakpoints within the c-myc gene have previously been reported to have prolonged half-lives. After heat shock, the levels of these mRNA species were reduced with similar kinetics as the normal c-myc mRNA. An exception was an RNA species where the only c-myc sequences are derived from exon 1, showing that sequences from this part of the c-myc gene are not sufficient to mediate the rapid downregulation. Nuclear run-on analysis did not show reduced transcription of c-myc after heat shock and a comparison of cytoplasmic and total RNA did not indicate accumulation of longer, unspliced c-myc mRNA species. These observations suggest a posttranscriptional, cytoplasmic downregulation targeting exons 2 and/or 3. B-lymphoma lines transfected with a hsp70 promoter-linked c-myc gene were deficient in their ability to reinitiate proliferation after heat shock, providing a physiological rationale for the normal downregulation of c-myc after this type of physical stress.
Chemerin Connects Fat to Arterial Contraction (2013)

These data support a new role for chemerin as an endogenous vasoconstrictor that operates through a receptor typically attributed to function only in immune cells.
Differential Promoter Utilization by the c- myc Gene in Mitogen- and Interleukin-2-Stimulated Human Lymphocytes (1987)

Transcription of the c-myc gene is initiated from two principal promoters, P1 and P2. We demonstrate here that a shift in promoter utilization occurred with time in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) that had been stimulated to proliferate. The P1/P2 ratio reached a maximum of approximately 1.3 at 4 h after phytohemagglutinin stimulation and a minimum of 0.31 at 48 h. Actinomycin decay experiments demonstrated that both P1 and P2 transcripts had similar half-lives at early and late times after mitogen stimulation, indicating that the shift in promoter utilization was probably not posttranscriptionally regulated. Addition of interleukin-2 to previously activated PBMC increased c-myc mRNA, but unlike increases after mitogen stimulation, the P1/P2 ratio stayed less than 0.5. Our findings demonstrated that there was a difference between mitogen- and interleukin-2-stimulated increases in c-myc RNA in PBMC.
Device Technology and Continuous Printing Process of Flexible TFT based on Organic Semiconductors (2007)

전도성(반도체) 고분자 및 유기화합물을 이용한 유기트랜지스터, 유기발광소자, 고분자 memory device, 센 서, 유기박막형 태양전지 등의 기술은 대면적 공정이 쉽고 유연기판에 적용할 수 있다는 장점이 있어 최근까지 활발한 응용연구가 지속적으로 이루어지고 있다. 본 고에서는 이 중에서 차세대 디스플레이인 플렉서블 디스플레이의 구동소 자, 초소형/경량형 논리소자, 센서 등에 응용 가능성이 높은 유기 트랜지스터의 소재 및 소자기술에 대한 진보사항을 중점적으로 기술하였다. 특별히 플렉서블 트랜지스터의 핵심요소인 유기반도체 재료의 특성 개선과 고유전율 게이트 절 연막의 기술 개발에 의하여 저전압 구동 유기트랜지스터에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 잉크젯, 레이저전사법 등 다양한 프린팅 공정에 의한 유기박막트랜지스터의 전극, 절연층, 반도체, 보호층의 코팅 및 패터닝 공정을 소개하였 으며 이에 수반되는 장비 기술의 진보사항을 정리하였다. 이러한 기술개발 노력은 플렉서블 디스플레이용 구동소자의 혁신을 가져올 수 있으며, 산업적인 측면에서도 적용성이 매우 높을 것으로 예측되고, 산업간 연계성이 커서 화학, 재 료, 기계, 전기, 반도체분야에서의 긴밀한 시너지 효과를 가져올 것으로 기대된다.
Hydraulic Calibration of a Water Distribution System Model (2013)

The Water Sector Research and Development Working Group has stated that water utilities would benefit from a clearer and more consistent understanding of their system flow dynamics. Understanding flow dynamics is important to interpreting water quality measurements and to inform basic operational decision making regarding the distribution system. Because these models will be used in decisions that involve significant investment and potential impact to the community, it is important that the model be an accurate representation of the actual conditions in the system. However, creating a hydraulic model of a water distribution system of any size comes with many difficulties, as many engineers can attest. Modeling smaller systems, such as the one in this study, is simpler from an engineering perspective but the challenge comes from the amount and quality of the information necessary to produce accurate results. For this model calibration we overcame issues such as collection of boundary condition data without a SCADA system, a 40% water loss due to system leaks and lack of system geometry data such as tank stage/storage curves, hydrant elevations, and valve closures. This study examines the use of data from hydraulic testing, especially C-factor and fire flow tests, and other collection methods to gather information about the system and calibrate a model for a small utility. Calibration was performed using the PIPE2010 program by KYPIPE, LLC.
In Vitro Selection of RNA Specifically Cleaved by Bacteriophage T4 RegB Endonuclease (1996)

T4 RegB endonuclease specifically cleaves at -GGAG- sites in several early T4 messages, rendering them nonfunctional. Not all -GGAG- sites are processed equally by RegB; those found at the Shine-Dalgarno sequences and in intercistronic regions are processed with higher efficiency than the -GGAG- sites located in coding regions. The low activity of RegB observed in vitro is enhanced by 1-2 orders of magnitude by the Escherichia coli ribosomal protein S1. We have used SELEX (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment) on a combinatorial RNA library to obtain molecules that are specifically cleaved by T4 RegB endonuclease in the presence of S1. The sequences obtained contain the required -GGAG- tetranucleotide and were unusually enriched in adenosine and cytosine nucleotides. No consensus structure or sequence motif other than -GGAG- was conserved among the selected molecules. The majority of the RNAs are entirely dependent on S1 for RegB-catalyzed cleavage; however, a few RNAs are found to be S1 independent but are cleaved by RegB with much lower rates.
Supplementary material from "GPU-accelerated real-time reconstruction in Python of three-dimensional datasets from structured illumination microscopy with hexagonal patterns" (2021)

We present a structured illumination microscopy system that projects a hexagonal pattern by the interference among three coherent beams, suitable for implementation in a light-sheet geometry. Seven images acquired as the illumination pattern is shifted laterally can be processed to produce a super-resolved image that surpasses the diffraction-limited resolution by a factor of over 2 in an exemplar light-sheet arrangement. Three methods of processing data are discussed depending on whether the raw images are available in groups of seven, individually in a stream or as a larger batch representing a three-dimensional stack. We show that imaging axially moving samples can introduce artefacts, visible as fine structures in the processed images. However, these artefacts are easily removed by a filtering operation carried out as part of the batch processing algorithm for three-dimensional stacks. The reconstruction algorithms implemented in Python include specific optimizations for calculation on a graphics processing unit and we demonstrate its operation on experimental data of static objects and on simulated data of moving objects. We show that the software can process over 239 input raw frames per second at 512 × 512 pixels, generating over 34 super-resolved frames per second at 1024 × 1024 pixels.This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘SIMposium (part 1)’.
A common scalable microcamera design for 2, 10, and 40 gigapixel class multiscale cameras (2012)

Gigapixel camera economics favors reutilization of design components including optics, optomechanics, and electronics. We show microcamera designs for multiscale architectures that only change optical surface profiles that span orders of magnitude of gigapixels.
Nanopillar, nanoball, and nanofibers for highly efficient analysis of biomolecules (2010)

DNA separation technologies combined with micro- and nanofabrication technologies found a breakthrough in genotyping and DNA sequencing. This tutorial review outlines the fabrication technologies for nano-scaled structures inside microchannels and how the precisely designed structures contribute to obtaining higher performances in DNA separations from the viewpoint of the fabrication process, "top-down" nanofabrication and "bottom-up" molecular self-assembly approaches. It was found that these nanofabricated structures generated the unique separation modes that could not be achieved by random-sized pores of conventional gel or polymer systems. Furthermore, it was found that nanoscale-specific phenomena such as electroosmotic flow should be taken into consideration for further development of nanofabricated structures in DNA analysis. These separation technologies will contribute as a core technology for a future integrated biomolecule anlaysis chip.
Nanogenerators: Self‐Powered Cardiac Pacemaker Enabled by Flexible Single Crystalline PMN‐PT Piezoelectric Energy Harvester (Adv. Mater. 28/2014) (2014)

A self-powered artificial pacemaker is demonstrated using a high-performance flexible piezoelectric PMN-PT thinfilm energy harvester. As reported by K. J. Lee and co-workers on page 4880, a PMN-PT harvesting device can convert slight mechanical movements to high electric power and provides functional electrical stimulation of a living heart.