gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Issues in distributed database security (2003)

The requirements for multilevel security have been shown to conflict with some database integrity and consistency properties. The authors examine the data consistency requirements for a distributed database system, consider the effects of multilevel security on meeting those requirements, and consider architecture for achieving them. They discuss the problem of providing serializability in a single-site database system and propose a solution based on optimistic concurrency control. They then extend this solution to a distributed database system. They also describe an approach for weak consistency concurrency control in a distributed database system based on the Optimistic Protocol.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Designing efficient genetic code expansion in Bacillus subtilis to gain biological insights (2021)

Bacillus subtilis is a model gram-positive bacterium, commonly used to explore questions across bacterial cell biology and for industrial uses. To enable greater understanding and control of proteins in B. subtilis, here we report broad and efficient genetic code expansion in B. subtilis by incorporating 20 distinct non-standard amino acids within proteins using 3 different families of genetic code expansion systems and two choices of codons. We use these systems to achieve click-labelling, photo-crosslinking, and translational titration. These tools allow us to demonstrate differences between E. coli and B. subtilis stop codon suppression, validate a predicted protein-protein binding interface, and begin to interrogate properties underlying bacterial cytokinesis by precisely modulating cell division dynamics in vivo. We expect that the establishment of this simple and easily accessible chemical biology system in B. subtilis will help uncover an abundance of biological insights and aid genetic code expansion in other organisms.
Use of quantitative tremor evaluation to enhance target selection during deep brain stimulation surgery for essential tremor (2015)

Abstract Deep brain stimulation (DBS), an effective surgical treatment for Essential Tremor (ET), requires test stimulations in the thalamus to find the optimum site for permanent electrode implantation. During these test stimulations, the changes in tremor are only visually evaluated. This, along with other parameters, increases the subjectivity when comparing the efficacy of different thalamic nuclei. We developed a method to quantitatively evaluate tremor during the test stimulations of DBS surgery and applied to 6 ET patients undergoing this treatment. From the quantitative data collected, we identified effective stimulation amplitudes for every test stimulation position and compared it with the ones identified visually during the surgery. We also classified the data based on the thalamic nuclei in which the center of the stimulating contact was present during test stimulations. Results indicate that, to achieve the same reduction in tremor, on average, the stimulation amplitude identified by our method was 0.6 mA lower than those identified by visual evaluation. The comparison of the different thalamic nuclei showed that stimulations in the Ventro-oral and the Intermediolateral nuclei of the thalamus result in higher reduction in tremor for similar stimulation amplitudes as the frequently targeted Ventrointermediate nucleus. We conclude that our quantitative tremor evaluation method is more sensitive than the widely used visual evaluation. Using such quantitative methods will aid in identifying the optimum target structure for patients undergoing DBS.
Endoscopy-assisted magnetic navigation of biohybrid soft microrobots with rapid endoluminal delivery and imaging (2021)

High-precision delivery of microrobots at the whole-body scale is of considerable importance for efforts toward targeted therapeutic intervention. However, vision-based control of microrobots, to deep and narrow spaces inside the body, remains a challenge. Here, we report a soft and resilient magnetic cell microrobot with high biocompatibility that can interface with the human body and adapt to the complex surroundings while navigating inside the body. We achieve time-efficient delivery of soft microrobots using an integrated platform called endoscopy-assisted magnetic actuation with dual imaging system (EMADIS). EMADIS enables rapid deployment across multiple organ/tissue barriers at the whole-body scale and high-precision delivery of soft and biohybrid microrobots in real time to tiny regions with depth up to meter scale through natural orifice, which are commonly inaccessible and even invisible by conventional endoscope and medical robots. The precise delivery of magnetic stem cell spheroid microrobots (MSCSMs) by the EMADIS transesophageal into the bile duct with a total distance of about 100 centimeters can be completed within 8 minutes. The integration strategy offers a full clinical imaging technique-based therapeutic/intervention system, which broadens the accessibility of hitherto hard-to-access regions, by means of soft microrobots.
A Modular Synthesis of 2-Alkyl- and 2-Arylchromans via a Three-Step Sequence (2016)

A convergent three-step method for the synthesis of 2-substituted chromans is described. These results have been accomplished via the Heck coupling of readily accessible allylic alcohols and 2-iodophenols, followed by reduction and Mitsunobu cyclization. The utility and generality of this method is demonstrated through the synthesis of a series of 2-aryl-, 2-heteroaryl- and 2-alkylchromans, as well as an azachroman derivative. The asymmetric version of this approach via a Noyori-catalyzed ketone reduction and subsequent cyclization is likewise highlighted.
Nonopioid, Multimodal Analgesia as First‐line Therapy After Otolaryngology Operations: Primer on Nonsteroidal Anti‐inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) (2020)

The combination of NSAIDs and acetaminophen provides more effective postoperative pain control with greater safety than opioid-based regimens. The AAO-HNS opioid prescribing CPG therefore prioritizes multimodal, nonopioid analgesia as first-line therapy, recommending that opioids be reserved for severe or refractory pain. This state-of-the-art review provides strategies for safely incorporating NSAIDs into acute postoperative pain regimens.
Eliminating the Threshold-Voltage Offset of p-Channel Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors in High-Density Dynamic Random Access Memory (2004)

The threshold voltage offsets of paired p + -gate p-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors in high-density dynamic random access memory is investigated. The threshold voltage offset is shown to be mainly due to segregation of phosphorus at the edges of the shallow trench isolation when the gate oxide is formed. A 20-mV threshold-voltage offset was experimentally eliminated through control of the phosphorus concentration and the layout of the cross-couplings of sense amplifiers. It is expected that reduction in the threshold voltage offset will improve the retention times of gigabit-scale dynamic random access memory.
Modal Dynamics for Non-Orthogonal Decompositions (2003)

The modal interpretation of quantum mechanics allows one to keep the standard classical definition of realism intact. That is, things have a definite status for all time and a measurement only tells us which value it had. However, at present modal dynamics are only applicable to situations that are describe in the orthodox theory by projective measures. In this paper we extend modal dynamics to include positive operator measures (POMs). That is, for example, rather than using a complete set of orthogonal projectors, we can use an overcomplete set of nonorthogonal projectors. We derive the conditions under which Bell's stochastic modal dynamics for projectors reduce to deterministic dynamics, showing (incidentally) that Brown and Hiley's generalization of Bohmian mechanics [quant-ph/0005026, (2000)] cannot be thus derived. We then show how {em deterministic} dynamics for positive operators can also be derived under some conditions. As a simple case, we consider a Harmonic oscillator, and the overcomplete set of coherent state projectors (i.e. the Husimi POM). We show that the modal dynamics for this POM correspond to the classical dynamics, even for the nonclassical number state $ket{n}$, in the large $n$ limit. This is in contrast to the Bohmian dynamics (for the position projectors), which vanishes for energy eigenstates.
Supplementary Data from The Genomic Landscape of Intrinsic and Acquired Resistance to Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4/6 Inhibitors in Patients with Hormone Receptor–Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer (2023)

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Self-Averaging Stochastic Kohn-Sham Density-Functional Theory (2013)

We formulate the Kohn-Sham density functional theory (KS-DFT) as a statistical theory in which the electron density is determined from an average of correlated stochastic densities in a trace formula. The key idea is that it is sufficient to converge the total energy per electron to within a predefined statistical error in order to obtain reliable estimates of the electronic band structure, the forces on nuclei, the density and its moments, etc. The fluctuations in the total energy per electron are guaranteed to decay to zero as the system size increases. This facilitates "self-averaging" which leads to the first ever report of sublinear scaling KS-DFT electronic structure. The approach sidesteps calculation of the density matrix and thus, is insensitive to its evasive sparseness, as demonstrated here for silicon nanocrystals. The formalism is not only appealing in terms of its promise to far push the limits of application of KS-DFT, but also represents a cognitive change in the way we think of electronic structure calculations as this stochastic theory seamlessly converges to the thermodynamic limit.
Real-Time Dense Mapping for Self-Driving Vehicles using Fisheye Cameras (2019)

We present a real-time dense geometric mapping algorithm for large-scale environments. Unlike existing methods which use pinhole cameras, our implementation is based on fisheye cameras whose large field of view benefits various computer vision applications for self-driving vehicles such as visual-inertial odometry, visual localization, and object detection. Our algorithm runs on in-vehicle PCs at approximately 15 Hz, enabling vision-only 3D scene perception for self-driving vehicles. For each synchronized set of images captured by multiple cameras, we first compute a depth map for a reference camera using plane-sweeping stereo. To maintain both accuracy and efficiency, while accounting for the fact that fisheye images have a lower angular resolution, we recover the depths using multiple image resolutions. We adopt the fast object detection framework, YOLOv3, to remove potentially dynamic objects. At the end of the pipeline, we fuse the fisheye depth images into the truncated signed distance function (TSDF) volume to obtain a 3D map. We evaluate our method on large-scale urban datasets, and results show that our method works well in complex dynamic environments.
The ID gene is serum Activated but is not required for De-Differentiation in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells (1991)

Conference Abstract| October 01 1991 The ID gene is serum Activated but is not required for De-Differentiation in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells PR Kemp; PR Kemp 1Dept. Biochemistry, Cambridge Univ., Cambridge, CB2 1QW Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar DJ Grainger; DJ Grainger 1Dept. Biochemistry, Cambridge Univ., Cambridge, CB2 1QW Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar CM Shanahan; CM Shanahan 1Dept. Biochemistry, Cambridge Univ., Cambridge, CB2 1QW Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar PL Weissberg; PL Weissberg 1Dept. Biochemistry, Cambridge Univ., Cambridge, CB2 1QW Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar JC Metcalfe JC Metcalfe 1Dept. Biochemistry, Cambridge Univ., Cambridge, CB2 1QW Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Clin Sci (Lond) (1991) 81 (s25): 29P. https://doi.org/10.1042/cs081029Pa Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation PR Kemp, DJ Grainger, CM Shanahan, PL Weissberg, JC Metcalfe; The ID gene is serum Activated but is not required for De-Differentiation in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Clin Sci (Lond) 1 October 1991; 81 (s25): 29P. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/cs081029Pa Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsClinical Science Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1991 The Biochemical Society and the Medical Research Society1991 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
The Effect of the CXCR4 Inhibitors, AMD3100 and AMD3465, in Multiple Myeloma Cell Homing and Its Interaction with the Bone Marrow Microenvironment. (2009)

Abstract Abstract 1826 Poster Board I-852 Patients with multiple myeloma (MM) typically present with the disease spread diffusely throughout the bone marrow (BM). This fact points to the role MM cell trafficking plays in disease progression. Like normal plasma cells, MM cell trafficking is directed by the cytokine, SDF-1 and its receptor, CXCR4. Using the small bicyclam molecule, AMD3100, to block the SDF-1/CXCR4 interaction, and in vivo flow cytometry to measure circulation time of MM cells in a xenograft model, we have previously shown that homing of injected AMD3100-treated MM cells to the bone marrow is perturbed. Soon after injection fewer AMD3100-treated than untreated MM cells are detected in mouse skull BM using in vivo fluorescence confocal microscopy. Furthermore, the combined treatment of established tumors with AMD3100 and bortezomib enhanced survival. Here we present data that the 2nd generation SDF-1/CXCR4 small monomacrocyclic inhibitor, AMD3465 behaves like its predecessor in blocking antibody binding to CXCR4 on MM cells, migration of MM cells toward SDF-1, and in vivo homing, but at concentrations 10-50 fold lower than AMD3100. Incubation with either 1uM AMD3465 or 50uM AMD3100 reduced antibody binding to CXCR4 on MM cells to isotype control levels. Likewise, treatment with AMD3465 reduced MM1S migration to 15% of that of untreated cells in a transwell migration assay. These in vitro effects translated in vivo into longer circulation times for AMD3465-treated MM cells than control cells. In vivo flow cytometry revealed that 40-50% of AMD3465-pre-treated cells remained in the circulation one hr after injection whereas untreated cells depleted to 20% of their original circulating cell count by that time. Future experiments will further describe the effect of AMD 3465 on MM cells in the BM microenvironment to answer whether AMD3465 can be used to mobilize MM cells from the BM environment or enhance survival when used in conjunction with therapeutic drugs. Disclosures Ghobrial: Millennium: Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau.
Haptics technologies and cultural heritage applications (2003)

This article describes the architecture of the "Museum of Pure Form", a virtual reality system where the user can interact, through the senses of touch and sight, with digital models of 3D art forms and sculptures. Two different realizations of "Museum. of Pure Form" systems are currently being developed at PERCRO, Pisa, Italy. In one realization "The Museum of Pure Form" is conceived as a system placed inside several museums and art galleries around Europe and made available to people visiting such institutions. In the second realization the system will be placed and tested inside a CAVE environment. Considerations on technological aspects concerning the implementation of a virtual environment endowed with haptic feedback for cultural heritage applications are reported throughout the paper.
Specific threonine-4 phosphorylation and function of RNA polymerase II CTD during M phase progression (2016)

Dynamic phosphorylation of Tyr1-Ser2-Pro3-Thr4-Ser5-Pro6-Ser7 heptad-repeats in the C-terminal domain (CTD) of the large subunit coordinates progression of RNA polymerase (Pol) II through the transcription cycle. Here, we describe an M phase-specific form of Pol II phosphorylated at Thr4, but not at Tyr1, Ser2, Ser5, and Ser7 residues. Thr4 phosphorylated Pol II binds to centrosomes and midbody and interacts with the Thr4-specific Polo-like kinase 1. Binding of Pol II to centrosomes does not require the CTD but may involve subunits of the non-canonical R2TP-Prefoldin-like complex, which bind to and co-localize with Pol II at centrosomes. CTD Thr4 mutants, but not Ser2 and Ser5 mutants, display severe mitosis and cytokinesis defects characterized by multipolar spindles and polyploid cells. We conclude that proper M phase progression of cells requires binding of Pol II to centrosomes to facilitate regulation of mitosis and cytokinesis in a CTD Thr4-P dependent manner.
Semi-crystalline block copolymer bicontinuous nanospheres for thermoresponsive controlled release (2014)

We demonstrate the controlled release of pyrene, as a model hydrophobic molecule, from self-assembled bicontinuous nanospheres formed from an amphiphilic block copolymer.
Assessment of the rules related to gaining activity against Gram-negative bacteria (2021)

In the search for new antibacterial compounds, we repositioned an antimalarial compound class by derivatising it based on the so-called "eNTRy" rules for enhanced accumulation into Gram-negative bacteria. We designed, synthesised and evaluated a small library of amino acid modified compounds together with the respective Boc-protected analogues, leading to no substantial improvement in antibacterial activity against <i>Escherichia coli</i> wild-type K12, whereas more distinct activity differences were observed in <i>E. coli</i> mutant strains Δ<i>tolC</i>, D22, Δ<i>acrB</i> and BL21(DE3)omp8. A comparison of the activity results of the <i>E. coli</i> mutants with respect to the known rules related to enhanced activity against Gram-negative bacteria revealed that applicability of the rules is not always ensured. Out of the four amino acids used in this study, glycine derivatives showed highest antibacterial activity, although still suffering from efflux issues.
A More Accurate and Efficient Technique Developed for Using Computational Methods to Obtain Helical Traveling-Wave Tube Interaction Impedance (1999)

The phenomenal growth of commercial communications has created a great demand for traveling-wave tube (TWT) amplifiers. Although the helix slow-wave circuit remains the mainstay of the TWT industry because of its exceptionally wide bandwidth, until recently it has been impossible to accurately analyze a helical TWT using its exact dimensions because of the complexity of its geometrical structure. For the first time, an accurate three-dimensional helical model was developed that allows accurate prediction of TWT cold-test characteristics including operating frequency, interaction impedance, and attenuation. This computational model, which was developed at the NASA Lewis Research Center, allows TWT designers to obtain a more accurate value of interaction impedance than is possible using experimental methods. Obtaining helical slow-wave circuit interaction impedance is an important part of the design process for a TWT because it is related to the gain and efficiency of the tube. This impedance cannot be measured directly; thus, conventional methods involve perturbing a helical circuit with a cylindrical dielectric rod placed on the central axis of the circuit and obtaining the difference in resonant frequency between the perturbed and unperturbed circuits. A mathematical relationship has been derived between this frequency difference and the interaction impedance (ref. 1). However, because of the complex configuration of the helical circuit, deriving this relationship involves several approximations. In addition, this experimental procedure is time-consuming and expensive, but until recently it was widely accepted as the most accurate means of determining interaction impedance. The advent of an accurate three-dimensional helical circuit model (ref. 2) made it possible for Lewis researchers to fully investigate standard approximations made in deriving the relationship between measured perturbation data and interaction impedance. The most prominent approximations made in the analysis were addressed and fully investigated for their accuracy by using the three-dimensional electromagnetic simulation code MAFIA (Solution of Maxwell's Equations by the Finite Integration Algorithm) (refs. 3 and 4). We found that several approximations introduced significant error (ref. 5).
Zero-Bias Operational Ultra-Broadband UTC-PD above 110 GHz for High Symbol Rate PD-Array in High-Density Photonic Integration (2015)

We have successfully developed a zero-bias operational ultra-broadband uni-traveling-carrier photodiode (UTC-PD) with a frequency bandwidth above 110 GHz using a low carrier concentration of 3 × 1014 cm−3 in the carrier collection layer.
Tunable Reverse‐Biased Graphene/Silicon Heterojunction Schottky Diode Sensor (2013)

A new chemical sensor based on reverse-biased graphene/Si heterojunction diode has been developed that exhibits extremely high bias-dependent molecular detection sensitivity and low operating power. The device takes advantage of graphene's atomically thin nature, which enables molecular adsorption on its surface to directly alter graphene/Si interface barrier height, thus affecting the junction current exponentially when operated in reverse bias and resulting in ultrahigh sensitivity. By operating the device in reverse bias, the work function of graphene, and hence the barrier height at the graphene/Si heterointerface, can be controlled by the bias magnitude, leading to a wide tunability of the molecular detection sensitivity. Such sensitivity control is also possible by carefully selecting the graphene/Si heterojunction Schottky barrier height. Compared to a conventional graphene amperometric sensor fabricated on the same chip, the proposed sensor demonstrated 13 times higher sensitivity for NO₂ and 3 times higher for NH₃ in ambient conditions, while consuming ∼500 times less power for same magnitude of applied voltage bias. The sensing mechanism based on heterojunction Schottky barrier height change has been confirmed using capacitance-voltage measurements.
Potential of the Eu:LYB crystal as a laser material for DPSS lasers emitting at 613 nm (2012)

We show the spectroscopic properties of a new potential laser crystal in the visible range. The Eu-doped borate compound has the structure Eu<sup>3+</sup>:Li<sub>6</sub>Y(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub> with a doping concentration of about 25%. We studied the absorption and emission spectra of the crystal and calculated the gain cross sections. The compound shows a strong emission peak at 613 nm and absorption at 394 nm, which is compatible with pumping by new blue laser diodes. These features make the Eu:LYB crystal a very interesting candidate for the development of DPSS lasers emitting in the visible range.