gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Investigation of interactions between inert gases and nitrogen in direct current triode discharges (2003)

Neon–nitrogen and argon–nitrogen thermionically supported dc triode discharges (typical of those used in plasma-assisted physical vapor deposition processes) have been investigated using optical emission spectroscopy. All discharges were operated with the cathode current density and voltage maintained at 0.06 mA/cm2 and −100 V. A range of nitrogen partial pressures was examined in each inert gas discharge at total pressures of 1.3 and 4.7 Pa. Spectral line intensity ratios were used to obtain information on the species within the plasma region of the discharge, from which the following effects were noted at both total pressures: (i) The N2+/N20 ratio was observed to increase significantly at low nitrogen partial pressures in the neon-based discharges; this is attributed to Penning ionization by neon metastables. (ii) The maximum in the N2+/N20 ratio and minimum in the Ne+/Ne0 ratio occurred at ∼10% nitrogen partial pressure, indicating optimum conditions for Penning ionization. (iii) For nitrogen partial pressures of less than 10%, an increase in atomic nitrogen species was observed for both inert gas discharges; this effect is attributed to the dissociation of nitrogen molecular species (both ionized and neutral) by inert gas metastables.
CONFORMATION AND DIASTEREOMERIC SPECIFIC SPECTROSCOPIC INVESTIGATION OF $\alpha$/$\beta$-PEPTIDES Ac-Phe-$\beta$$^{3}$-hAla-NHMe AND Ac-$\beta$$^{3}$-hAla-Phe-NHMe (2008)

Author Institution: Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907; Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
Web-It-Man: A Web-Based Integrated Tool for Manufacturing Environment (1998)

Abstract Exponential growth in Internet applications and the need for a global access for future manufacturing demands web-based tools that operate seamlessly in heterogeneous environments. We present a Web-based Integrated Tool for Manufacturing that assists designers with a variety of CAD/CAM tools through a unified user interface. Web enabled system architecture is proposed for the future development of manufacturing tools. Design issues and research topics pertinent to this architecture are described. A prototype implementation based on this architecture and its current status is outlined. Finally, our research efforts in the development of this tool and some future research areas are identified.
Effects of Thermal History on Residual Order of Thermally Grown Silicon Dioxide (2003)

By simulation of silicon oxidation and measurement of X-ray crystal-truncation-rod (CTR) scattering, the structures of silicon dioxide films grown at different temperatures and the structural changes due to thermal annealing have been investigated. Large-scale SiO2/Si(001) models were formed by introducing oxygen atoms, atom-by-atom, in crystalline Si from the surfaces. Molecular dynamics (MD) calculation at a constant temperature was repeatedly carried out for the growing oxide model. The intensity and position of the extra diffraction peak observed for the oxide, correlating with the residual order emanating from the parent Si crystal, depend on the growth temperature and change after thermal annealing. The peak intensity becomes smaller with increasing growth temperature. Thermal annealing monotonically decreases the peak intensity and shifts the position along the CTR, toward the lower angle side. There is a good agreement between the results of simulation and experiment. It is shown that (1) the oxide grown at a higher temperature has a lower degree of residual order, (2) thermal annealing decreases the residual order, ultimately leads to complete amorphization and never restores the ordering, and (3) the peak shift along the CTR corresponds to the volumetric expansion of the SiO2 in the surface-normal direction.
Inverse poling techniques in crosslinkable polymer electro-optic materials (1997)

Domain-inverted electro-optic films have many applications in photonic devices such as high-speed electro-optic switches and quasi-phase-matched second-harmonic generators. For example, inverted domains allow a uniform electrode structure to be used in a reversed-(Delta) (beta) directional coupler. Since corona poling is not applicable to create inversely poled structures in a crosslinkable polymer, direct-contact poling and liquid-contact poling are investigated. In unidirectional poling, liquid-contact poling allows poling electric fields higher than 250 V/micrometer to be applied, which is comparable to electricfield strengths in corona poling but much higher than those in direct-contact poling. For domain-inversion, the results also show that liquid-contact poling allows much higher poling electric fields to be applied than in direct- contact poling.
Gapped-filtering for efficient Chebyshev expansion of the density projection operator (2022)

We develop the gapped-filtering method, whereby a short Chebyshev expansion accurately represents the density-matrix operator. The method optimizes the Chebyshev coefficients to give the correct density matrix at all energies except within the gapped region where there are no eigenstates. Gapped filtering reduces the number of required terms in the Chebyshev expansion compared to traditional expansion methods, as long as one knows or can determine efficiently the HOMO and LUMO positions. The reduction is especially noticeable (factors of 2-3) when high accuracy is sought. To exemplify the method, we use gapped-filtering to increase the efficiency of stochastic-GW calculations.
Microwave measurement of surface impedance of high-T/sub c/ superconductor (2002)

Perturbation formulas for a TE/sub 011/ mode dielectric resonator and for a TE/sub 011/ mode circular cavity are derived to determine the surface impedance, z/sub s/, of superconductors from measured values of resonant frequency and unloaded Q. The Z/sub s/ values for a YBCO plate with a diameter of 30 mm were measured at 8.7, 10.4, and 23.7 GHz using these formulas. The measured results are presented as functions of temperature.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Amplificateur de puissance MASMOS à cellules de puissance reconfigurables pour applications LTE (2017)

National audience
Frustrated magnetism and caloric effects in Mn-based antiperovskite nitrides: Ab initio theory (2017)

We model changes of magnetic ordering in Mn-based antiperovskite nitrides driven by biaxial lattice strain at zero and at finite temperature. We employ a noncollinear spin-polarized density functional theory to compare the response of the geometrically frustrated exchange interactions to a tetragonal symmetry breaking (the so called piezomagnetic effect) across a range of ${\mathrm{Mn}}_{3}\mathrm{AN}$ (A = Rh, Pd, Ag, Co, Ni, Zn, Ga, In, Sn) at zero temperature. Building on the robustness of the effect we focus on ${\mathrm{Mn}}_{3}\mathrm{GaN}$ and extend our study to finite temperature using the disordered local moment (DLM) first-principles electronic structure theory to model the interplay between the ordering of Mn magnetic moments and itinerant electron states. We discover a rich temperature-strain magnetic phase diagram with two previously unreported phases stabilized by strains larger than 0.75% and with transition temperatures strongly dependent on strain. We propose an elastocaloric cooling cycle crossing two of the available phase transitions to achieve simultaneously a large isothermal entropy change (due to the first-order transition) and a large adiabatic temperature change (due to the second-order transition).
A practical low-density coding scheme for binary dirty paper channel (2008)

Recently, dirty-paper coding has been attracting a lot of attentions due to its connection with various problems such as data hiding, precoding for ISI channels and MIMO Gaussian broadcasting. One of the main challenges is to design codes with practical encoding and decoding algorithms. In this paper we propose a simple coding scheme for the binary dirty-paper channel -with the interference known non-causally to the encoder- by compounding low-density graphical structures. In our construction, the codewords of a channel code are both the bin indexes and parity-syndromes for a quantizer code. This novelty allows us to use reinforced belief propagation algorithm as a quantization algorithm for a LDPC code. Our construction has a natural nested and coset structure and achieves the capacity of dirty paper channel using random linear component codes and maximum- likelihood encoding/decoding algorithms. By selecting the constituent codes from the ensemble of LDPC codes, this scheme allows for efficient iterative (suboptimal) algorithms at both encoder and decoder.
Exploring trust of mobile applications based on user behaviors: an empirical study (2013)

Abstract This paper explores trust of mobile applications based on users' behaviors. It proposes a trust behavior construct through principal component analysis, reliability analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis based on the data collected from a questionnaire survey with more than 1,500 participants. It is indicated that a user's trust behavior is composed of three principal constructs: using behavior, reflection behavior, and correlation behavior. They are further delineated into 12 measurable sub‐constructs and relate to a number of external factors. The data analysis showed that the questionnaire has positive psychometric properties with respect to construct validity and reliability. We also discuss the practical significance and limitations of our work toward usable trust management.
Mucosally Delivered E1-Deleted Adenoviral Vaccine Carriers Induce Transgene Product-Specific Antibody Responses in Neonatal Mice (2003)

E1-deleted adenoviral vectors of the human serotype 5 (AdHu5) and the chimpanzee serotype 68 (AdC68) expressing the rabies virus glycoprotein (rab.gp) were tested for induction of transgene product-specific Abs upon intranasal or oral immunization of newborn mice. Both vectors induced Abs to rabies virus that could be detected in serum and from mucosal secretions. Serum rabies virus neutralizing Ab titers sufficed to protect neonatally vaccinated mice against a subsequent challenge with rabies virus. The efficacy of the AdHu5rab.gp vector given orally to newborn mice born to AdHu5 virus-immune dams was not impaired by maternally transferred Abs to the vaccine carrier.
Significance of coating stress on substrate bow in large area processing of MCM (2001)

The substrate bow in a large area processing (LAP) was simulated using a finite element analysis (FEA). The structures considered were aluminum (Al) and glass substrates of various thicknesses, and a coating from Photosensitive film thickness. It was found that the deflection of a large area substrate, e.g., 400 mm/sup 2/, could not always be obtained from the linear, small deflection theory even if the curvature might be small and the stress-strain behavior in the linear elastic regime. In this case, the nonlinear, large deflection theory had to be adopted. Also, the gravity effect from the substrate weight turned out to be very significant and had to be incorporated as well. The simulation incorporating these two factors agreed well with the experimental data, which was generated by spin coating and curing the BCB formulation on Al substrates, 400/spl times/400/spl times/1.27 mm. As a means of flattening out the curvature, subjecting a vacuum underneath the substrate was simulated. Significant reduction of the substrate deflection was observed by applying only a very small vacuum. This result suggested that the use of double-stick tape on the bottom of the substrate, for example, might also of feasible to completely eliminate the bow.
Development and validation of a glass-silicon microdroplet-based system to measure sulfite concentrations in beverages (2019)

Sulfite is often added to beverages as an antioxidant and antimicrobial agent. In fermented beverages, sulfite is also naturally produced by yeast cells. However, sulfite causes adverse health effects in asthmatic patients and accurate measurement of the sulfite concentration is therefore very important. Current sulfite analysis methods are time- and reagent-consuming and often require costly equipment. Here, we present a system allowing sensitive, ultralow-volume sulfite measurements based on a reusable glass-silicon microdroplet platform on which microdroplet generation, addition of enzymes through chemical-induced emulsion destabilization and pillar-induced droplet merging, emulsion restabilization, droplet incubation, and fluorescence measurements are integrated. In a first step, we developed and verified a fluorescence-based enzymatic assay for sulfite by measuring its analytical performance (LOD, LOQ, the dynamic working range, and the influence of salts, colorant, and sugars) and comparing fluorescent microplate readouts of fermentation samples with standard colorimetric measurements using the 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) assay of the standard Gallery Plus Beermaster analysis platform. Next, samples were analyzed on the microdroplet platform, which also showed good correlation with the standard colorimetric analysis. Although the presented platform does not allow stable reinjection of droplets due to the presence of a tight array of micropillars at the fluidics entrances to prevent channel clogging by dust, removing the pillars, and integrating miniaturized pumps and optics in a future design would allow to use this platform for high-throughput, automated, and portable screening of microbes, plant, or mammalian cells. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
A novel method of hotspot temperature reduction for a 3D stacked CMOS IC chip device fabricated on an ultrathin substrate (2013)

A high-performance thermal management method for three-dimensional integrated circuit (IC) integration has been developed for use in conjunction with a three-dimensional (3D) large-scale integration (LSI) technology. By depositing a 10 µm thick high thermal conductivity (HTC) film consisting of 1680 alternating layers of silicon and graphite nano-films directly onto the backside of a Si substrate via an automatic sequencing sputtering method, reduction in the transient hotspot temperature in a thin-substrate CMOS IC chip is achieved. It is shown that this novel HTC film is able to overcome the thermal problems associated with thin substrates and allow the cooling of stacked ICs. In the work described in this paper, we demonstrated the performance of the HTC using a 100 µm thick substrate IC chip consisting of a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) ring oscillator circuit film. Our experimental results, which were confirmed in simulation, reveal a 28% reduction in the hotspot temperature rise owing to the presence of the HTC film. This technology is applicable to future developments in the 3D ultrathin substrate LSI chip stacking technology utilizing through-silicon vias (TSVs) and micro-bumps.
Sub-mHz Spectral Purity Transfer for Next Generation Strontium Optical Atomic Clocks (2018)

We report on a Er:fiber-based optical frequency comb transferring the stability of ultra-stable lasers from 194THz to 429THz. Sub-mHz level transfer to a fiber-delivered 698.44nm output port for future Strontium QPN-limited lattice clocks is demonstrated.
The orphan nuclear receptor LXRα is positively and negatively regulated by distinct products of mevalonate metabolism (1997)

LXRalpha is an orphan member of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily that displays constitutive transcriptional activity. We reasoned that this activity may result from the production of an endogenous activator that is a component of intermediary metabolism. The use of metabolic inhibitors revealed that mevalonic acid biosynthesis is required for LXRalpha activity. Mevalonic acid is a common metabolite used by virtually all eukaryotic cells. It serves as a precursor to a large number of important molecules including farnesyl pyrophosphate, geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, cholesterol, and oxysterols. Inhibition of LXRalpha could be reversed by addition of mevalonic acid and certain oxysterols but not by other products of mevalonic acid metabolism. Surprisingly, the constitutive activity of LXRalpha was inhibited by geranylgeraniol, a metabolite of mevalonic acid. These findings suggest that LXRalpha may represent a central component of a signaling pathway that is both positively and negatively regulated by multiple products of mevalonate metabolism.
ChemInform Abstract: Anthranilamides: New Antimicroalgal Active Substances from a Marine Streptomyces sp. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Wide and Detailed View Surveillance System by Multiple Random Access Cameras (2004)

We propose a surveillance system that is capable of obtaining a wide-angle view as well as detailed views of multiple regions of interest simultaneously. Based on a CMOS imaging technology, a solid-state multicamera-array whose pixels can be read out at random is used. The camera array does not have any mechanicalmotion elements and quickly switches between a low-resolution output for wide-area-monitoring and high-resolution output for detailed-views of multiple moving objects. Thus, the size of the total transmission data from the cameraarray to the monitoring-site can be kept relatively small. The system continuously outputs a hardware-subsampled wide-angle view. If moving objects enter the field of vision, the system automatically tracks them and outputs detailed views of all objects in addition to the wide-angle view. We have developed an experimental sized surveillance system with 16 CMOS random access image sensors.
DTAR—A Dynamic, Tube-Ascending Robot (2011)

This paper investigates a novel minimalistic mechanism that ascends tubes. The mechanism is comprised of only a rigid body, two O-rings, and a motor rotating an eccentric mass. We describe the underlying locomotion principle of rocking and jamming, without the use of special bristles or spines, and demonstrate the robustness of this mechanism.
Exploring cooperative porosity in organic cage crystals using in situ diffraction and molecular simulations (2020)

A porous organic cage crystal, α-CC2, shows unexpected adsorption of sulphur hexafluoride (SF<sub>6</sub>) in its cage cavities: analysis of the static crystal structure indicates that SF<sub>6</sub> is occluded, as even the smallest diatomic gas, H<sub>2</sub>, is larger than the window of the cage pore. Herein, we use in situ powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) experiments to provide unequivocal evidence for the presence of SF<sub>6</sub> inside the 'occluded' cage voids, pointing to a mechanism of dynamic flexibility of the system. By combining PXRD results with molecular dynamics simulations, we build a molecular level picture of the cooperative porosity in α-CC2 that facilitates the passage of SF<sub>6</sub> into the cage voids.
Outcome of right ventricular assist device implantation following left ventricular assist device implantation: Systematic review and meta-analysis (2021)

Implantation of a temporary RVAD is allied with a worse outcome during the primary hospitalization and at follow-up. Compared to isolated LVAD support, biventricular mechanical circulatory support leads to an elevated mortality and higher incidence of adverse events such as bleeding and stroke.
Radical Processes in the Adsorption of Olefins on Zeolites (1985)

The formation and reactions of radical species in the interaction of olefins with zeolites of different types are examined and the nature of the oxidation–reduction centres, the mechanism of the thermal reactions of radicals, and the possible role of radical structures in catalytic processes on zeolites are discussed. The bibliography includes 37 references.
ChemInform Abstract: DARST. VON STICKSTOFFHALTIGEN HETEROCYCLEN DURCH INTRAMOLEKULARE ADDITION RADIKALISCHER NEUTRALER AMINE (1970)

Abstract Die UV‐Belichtung des N‐Chlor‐amins (I) führt zu den Radikalen (II) und (III).
Linear methods for reducing EMG contamination in peripheral nerve motor decodes (2016)

Signals recorded from the peripheral nervous system (PNS) with high channel count penetrating microelectrode arrays, such as the Utah Slanted Electrode Array (USEA), often have electromyographic (EMG) signals contaminating the neural signal. This common-mode signal source may prevent single neural units from successfully being detected, thus hindering motor decode algorithms. Reducing this EMG contamination may lead to more accurate motor decode performance. A virtual reference (VR), created by a weighted linear combination of signals from a subset of all available channels, can be used to reduce this EMG contamination. Four methods of determining individual channel weights and six different methods of selecting subsets of channels were investigated (24 different VR types in total). The methods of determining individual channel weights were equal weighting, regression-based weighting, and two different proximity-based weightings. The subsets of channels were selected by a radius-based criteria, such that a channel was included if it was within a particular radius of inclusion from the target channel. These six radii of inclusion were 1.5, 2.9, 3.2, 5, 8.4, and 12.8 electrode-distances; the 12.8 electrode radius includes all USEA electrodes. We found that application of a VR improves the detectability of neural events via increasing the SNR, but we found no statistically meaningful difference amongst the VR types we examined. The computational complexity of implementation varies with respect to the method of determining channel weights and the number of channels in a subset, but does not correlate with VR performance. Hence, we examined the computational costs of calculating and applying the VR and based on these criteria, we recommend an equal weighting method of assigning weights with a 3.2 electrode-distance radius of inclusion. Further, we found empirically that application of the recommended VR will require less than 1 ms for 33.3 ms of data from one USEA.
How the Stereochemistry of a Central Cyclopentyl Ring Influences the Self-Assembling Properties of Archaeal Lipid Analogues: Synthesis and CryoTEM Observations (2011)

The relative stereochemistry (cis or trans) of a 1,3-disubstituted cyclopentane unit placed in the middle of tetraether archaeal bipolar lipid analogues was found to have a dramatic influence on their supramolecular self-assembling properties. The synthesis of two diastereomers varying only by the stereochemistry of the cyclopentyl unit was achieved following a multistep diastereoselective route. The corresponding lipid films were hydrated and were observed by cryoTEM. The micrographs showed several types of unilamellar nano-objects such as lamellas or irregular vesicles for the cis-isomer, whereas the trans-isomer exhibited exclusively multilamellar vesicles with a regular spherical shape. Even if the cyclopentyl ring takes part of a long alkyl chain (32 carbon atoms), the pseudorotation of the carbocycle would influence the global conformation of the bipolar lipid and consequently would modify the orientation of the lactosyl polar headgroups.
Lewis-Base Adducts of Main Group Metal(I) Compounds. XI. Di-μ-iodo-bis(N,N,N′,N″,N″-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine-N,N′,N″-sodium) (1989)

The synthesis and structural characterization of the 1:1 adduct of sodium(I) iodide and N,N,N',N",N"- pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (pmdeta), a novel coordination complex of sodium(I), is recorded. Single-crystal X-ray structure determination shows the compound to be a µ,µ'- diiodo-bridged dimer, with the tridentate base making up the five-coordinate environment of sodium: [( pmdeta )NaI2Na( pmdeta )]. Crystals are triclinic, P1, a 10.113(2),b 9.470(2), c 8.793(4) Å , a 114.48(2), ß 92.09(2), ? 96-65(1)°, Z= 1 dimer ; R was 0.037 for 1837 'observed' reflections.