gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Studies of chain conformation above the Curie point in a vinylidene fluoride/trifluoroethylene random copolymer (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies of chain conformation above the Curie point in a vinylidene fluoride/trifluoroethylene random copolymerJennifer S. Green, J. P. Rabe, and J. F. RaboltCite this: Macromolecules 1986, 19, 6, 1725–1728Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00160a041https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00160a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views122Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Two decades of research (2020)

In the past 2 decades, a growing body of evidence suggests that comorbid physical and psychiatric conditions such as dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, heart disease, obesity, depression, and anxiety adversely affect a range of multiple sclerosis (MS) outcomes.1– Among persons with MS (PwMS), comorbid conditions contribute to delays in diagnosis and initiation of disease-modifying treatments (DMTs) and are associated with more rapid disability progression and lower health-related quality of life.4,5
Improving the therapeutic index of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides by intralymphatic administration (2005)

Signal transduction initiated by TLR such as TLR9, a natural receptor for unmethylated cytosine-guanine-rich motifs (CpG), results in activation of transcription factors, including NF-kappaB, with substantial impact on the innate and adaptive immunity. However, practical application of new adjuvants such as CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) remains a challenge, since prominent systemic activation of NF-kappaB may result in severe side effects reminiscent of septic shock, thus limiting their therapeutic index (TI). Low-dose administration of CpG ODN into lymph nodes has been evaluated as a means to reduce systemic side effects while retaining strong adjuvant properties. To this aim, a prototype immune-stimulating CpG ODN was used to enhance the antibody production against the antigen phospholipase A(2) and the CD8(+) T cell responses to ovalbumin in mice. When administered subcutaneously, high CpG ODN doses (>10 nmol) were required to enhance antibody and CD8(+) T cell responses. In contrast, when administered directly into a lymph node, much lower amounts of CpG (<0.1 nmol) were sufficient for a similar immune-enhancing effect. Systemic adverse reactions induced by CpG ODN were only detected at higher doses (1-10 nmol), independently of the route of administration. Finally, low-dose CpG ODN, administered in a targeted fashion to HLA-A2.1(+) transgenic mice, greatly elevated anti-tumor CD8(+) T cell immunity. Thus, intralymphatic administration of CpG ODN considerably improves the TI and may greatly enable a safe and effective use in the clinic.
Utility of Cytomegalovirus Cell-Mediated Immunity Assays in Solid Organ Transplantation (2022)

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is one of the most important viral complications after solid organ transplantation (SOT). Current preventive and management strategies rely primarily on serologic and viral load testing and remain suboptimal. To address these issues, multiple techniques to measure CMV-specific cell-mediated immunity (CMI) have been developed and evaluated in clinical studies over the past two decades. These assays show significant promise for the personalization of CMV management. For example, CMI assays can be used to help determine the optimal duration of antiviral prophylaxis or whether antiviral therapy is indicated in patients with low levels of CMV reactivation. However, despite numerous studies showing potential utility, these assays are not yet in widespread routine clinical use. Barriers to adoption include variations in test complexity, standardization, and thresholds for positivity and insufficient interventional clinical trials. Here, we provide an updated assessment of commonly available tests and the clinical utility of CMV-specific CMI testing in SOT recipients.
Therapeutic Vaccination with p24-VLP and Zidovudine Augments HIV-Specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Activity in Asymptomatic HIV-Infected Individuals (1999)

This study evaluates the impact of therapeutic vaccination with p24-VLP and zidovudine on the induction or maintenance of HIV-specific cytotoxic lymphocyte activity in a cohort of asymptomatic patients with CD4 counts greater than 400 cells/microl. In a dummy, randomized, phase II clinical trial of the therapeutic vaccine, participants were randomized to one of three arms for 6 months: p24-VLP (500 microg) in alum monthly plus zidovudine 200 mg tds, alum adjuvant plus zidovudine, or p24-VLP plus placebo. Subjects were studied for a total of 52 weeks from baseline. Monitoring included viral load, CD4 and CD8 counts, markers of immune activation, delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) skin testing, and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) measurement. The nine subjects who received p24-VLP and zidovudine had an augmentation and/or broadening of their CTL response compared with baseline (p = 0.004). The eight subjects receiving p24-VLP and seven subjects receiving zidovudine did not have a statistically significant increase or broadening of CTL activity. The augmentation of the CTL response in the subjects who received p24-VLP and zidovudine was not associated with a decline in viral load or an increase in CD8 counts. This study suggests that HIV-specific CTL activity can be augmented in HIV-infected individuals receiving p24-VLP and zidovudine, supporting the hypothesis of therapeutic vaccination in the presence of antiretroviral therapy.
In-Vitro Quantification of Medial Collateral Ligament Tension in the Elbow (2017)

The anterior bundle of the medial collateral ligament (AMCL) of the elbow is commonly injured in patients with elbow dislocations and in throwing athletes. This in-vitro study quantified tension in the native AMCL throughout elbow flexion for different arm positions. We conducted passive and simulated active elbow flexion in seven fresh-frozen cadaveric upper extremities using an established motion simulator. Motions were performed in the valgus and vertical positions from 20-120° while measuring AMCL tension using a custom transducer. Average AMCL tension was higher in the valgus compared to vertical position for both active (p = 0.03) and passive (p = 0.01) motion. Peak AMCL tension was higher in the valgus position for active (p = 0.02) and passive (p = 0.01) motion. There was no significant difference in AMCL tension between active and passive motion in the valgus (p = 0.15) or vertical (p = 0.39) positions. In the valgus position, tension increased with elbow flexion from 20-70° for both active (p = 0.04) and passive (p = 0.02) motion, but not from 70-120°. This in-vitro study demonstrated that AMCL tension increases with elbow flexion, and is greater in the valgus position relative to the vertical position. This information has important implications to the desired target strength of repair and reconstruction techniques.
Checking polynomial identities over any field (1998)

We present a Monte Carlo algorithm for testing multivariate polynomial identities over any field using fewer random bits than other methods. To test if a polynomial \\(P(x_1, ..., x_n)\\) is zero, our method uses \\(\\sum_{i=1}^n \\log \\lceil d_i+1 \\rceil\\) random bits, where \\(d_i\\) is the degree of \\(x_i\\) in \\(P\\), to obtain &lt;em&gt;any&lt;/em&gt; inverse polynomial error in polynomial time. The algorithm applies to polynomials given as a black box or in some implicit representation such as a straight-line program. Our method works by evaluating P at truncated formal power series representing square roots of irreducible polynomials over the field. This approach is similar to that of Chen and Kao (STOC '97), but with the advantage that the techniques are purely algebraic and apply to any field. We also prove a lower bound showing that the number of random bits used by our algorithm is essentially optimal in the black-box model.
Investigating Optimal Autologous Cellular Platforms for Prenatal or Perinatal Factor VIII Delivery to Treat Hemophilia A (2021)

Patients with the severe form of hemophilia A (HA) present with a severe phenotype, and can suffer from life-threatening, spontaneous hemorrhaging. While prophylactic FVIII infusions have revolutionized the clinical management of HA, this treatment is short-lived, expensive, and it is not available to many A patients worldwide. In the present study, we evaluated a panel of readily available cell types for their suitability as cellular vehicles to deliver long-lasting FVIII replacement following transduction with a retroviral vector encoding a B domain-deleted human F8 transgene. Given the immune hurdles that currently plague factor replacement therapy, we focused our investigation on cell types that we deemed to be most relevant to either prenatal or very early postnatal treatment and that could, ideally, be autologously derived. Our findings identify several promising candidates for use as cell-based FVIII delivery vehicles and lay the groundwork for future mechanistic studies to delineate bottlenecks to efficient production and secretion of FVIII following genetic-modification.
Discovery of 9,10-Dihydroacridines as Novel Class of ABCB1 Inhibitors (2014)

Nonplanar 9,10-dihydroacridines were synthesized as promising C2 symmetric molecular scaffolds as inhibitors of the transmembrane efflux pump ABCB1. Within the series structure-activity relationships are discussed revealing the importance of hydrogen bond acceptor functions. A selectivity of ABCB1 inhibition is demonstrated for selected candidates and a bioanalytical study proved nontoxicity as well as missing ABCB1 substrate properties. The results encourage to further develop the promising class of ABCB1 inhibitors.
Publisher's Note: M theory model of a big crunch/big bang transition [Phys. Rev. D70, 106004 (2004)] (2005)

We consider a picture in which the transition from a big crunch to a big bang corresponds to the collision of two empty orbifold planes approaching each other at a constant non-relativistic speed in a locally flat background space-time, a situation relevant to recently proposed cosmological models. We show that $p$-brane states which wind around the extra dimension propagate smoothly and unambiguously across the orbifold plane collision. In particular we calculate the quantum mechanical production of winding M2-branes extending from one orbifold to the other. We find that the resulting density is finite and that the resulting gravitational back-reaction is small. These winding states, which include the string theory graviton, can be propagated smoothly across the transition using a perturbative expansion in the membrane tension, an expansion which from the point of view of string theory is an expansion in {\it inverse} powers of $\alpha'$. We argue that interactions should be well-behaved because the string coupling tends to zero at the crunch. The production of massive Kaluza-Klein states should also be exponentially suppressed for small collision speeds. We contrast this good behavior with that found in previous studies of strings in Lorentzian orbifolds.
Electrocatalytic Conversion of CO2 to Formate at Low Overpotential by Electrolyte Engineering in Model Molecular Catalysis (2022)

Abstract An electrolyte engineering strategy was developed for CO 2 reduction into formate with a model molecular catalyst, [Rh(bpy)(Cp*)Cl]Cl, by modifying the solvent (organic or aqueous), the proton source (H 2 O or acetic acid), and the electrode/solution interface with imidazolium‐ and pyrrolidinium‐based ionic liquids (ILs). Experimental and theoretical density functional theory investigations suggested that π + ‐π interactions between the imidazolium‐based IL cation and the reduced bipyridine ligand of the catalyst improved the efficiency of the CO 2 reduction reaction (CO 2 RR) by lowering the overpotential, while granting partial suppression of the hydrogen evolution reaction. This allowed tuning the selectivity towards formate, reaching for this catalyst an unprecedented faradaic efficiency (FE HCOO −) ≥90 % and energy efficiency of 66 % in acetonitrile solution. For the first time, relevant CO 2 conversion to formic acid/formate was reached at low overpotential (0.28 V) using a homogeneous catalyst in acidic aqueous solution (pH=3.8). These results open up a new strategy based on electrolyte engineering for enhancing carbon balance in CO 2 RR.
283. Suppression of Inflammatory Pathways Selectively Induced by Oncolytic Viruses Enhances Viral Oncolysis (2005)

Top of pageAbstract
Oncolytic viruses (OV) generate intratumoral progeny viruses that propagate the oncolytic effect throughout tumor cells in vitro. However, the generation of progeny viruses in vivo is suppressed by the host innate immune responses. We have demonstrated that, in rats harboring gliomas, pretreatment with cyclophosphamide (CPA), enhances OV replication. The use of CPA in viral therapy is limited by its broad immune-suppressive activity and toxicity. Our aim is to identify specific factors responsible for limiting OV survival in tumors in order to design pharmacological means that enhance OV replication in a selective fashion.

We have used rats pretreated with either CPA or PBS to deliver OV intratumorally (CPA-/OV+ and CPA+/OV+) and analyze the immune pathways that are associated with viral proliferation. Our data show that OV has the same capacity to infect tumor cells in both CPA pre-treated and non pre-treated rats. After cell infection, OV increases the intratumoral levels of IFNg, a known inducer of macrophage/monocyte/microglia in the brain. This phenomenon is associated with a reduction of intratumoral viral titers within 76 hours from OV injection. In CPA pre-treated rats, IFNg levels remain low, macrophage intratumoral infiltration is suppressed and viral oncolysis is increased within 76 hours from OV injection. Pharmacologic depletion of macrophages enhances OV oncolysis and suppresses macrophage-induced immune responses in the tumor. Broad comparative analysis of gene expression in tumors of rats CPA-/OV+ and CPA+/OV+ using Affymetrix rat genome arrays has identified seven other molecular targets that are downstream effectors of IFNg-induced inflammation and are associated with viral proliferation.

These data indicate that, selective temporary repression of inflammation leads to efficient viral replication and uncovers specific molecular targets that could be used to increase viral therapy.
Design Optimization of Wall Flow Type Catalyzed Cordierite Particulate Filter for Heavy Duty Diesel (2005)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper reports on the desired performances for &lt;u&gt;C&lt;/u&gt;atalyzed &lt;u&gt;S&lt;/u&gt;oot &lt;u&gt;F&lt;/u&gt;ilters (Hereinafter referred as “CSF”), which is composed of a &lt;u&gt;D&lt;/u&gt;iesel &lt;u&gt;P&lt;/u&gt;articulate &lt;u&gt;F&lt;/u&gt;ilter (DPF) coated with an Oxidation Catalyst, its design factors and their influence on DPF performance, and on the lifetime prediction method to effectively design a DPF for durability. Performance means pressure drop, &lt;u&gt;P&lt;/u&gt;articulate &lt;u&gt;M&lt;/u&gt;atter (PM) regeneration limit, time for light-off, and canning strength. Design factors include cell structure, overall DPF size and material porosity. Knowing the relationships between performance and design factors assist the engineer in optimizing the selection of material, cell structure and size of the DPF.&lt;/div&gt;
Miniature thermionic cathode assembly for high frequency linear beam devices (2009)

This paper describes a small cathode structure for a 95 GHz TWT. The prototype utilized barium oxide-coated nickel, .002 inch thick and .008 inch wide. But the technique is applicable to small tungsten impregnated cathodes, also. The cathodes were suspended via tensioned tungsten wires anchored to the back of the focus electrode. The cathode is heated by an electron beam striking its rear surface. This beam is emitted from an oxide-coated tungsten hairpin cathode. Data on cathode performance, dimensional stability, and emission stability and uniformity was presented. This technology is adaptable to higher frequency devices.
Angular selectivity of lithium niobate volume holograms (1973)

The angular selectivities for the reconstruction of volume-phase holograms in doped and nominally pure LiNbO3 crystals have been measured. The half-power angular widths for reading were found for the cases studied to be in agreement with theoretically predicted values.
Health professions education in pandemics and epidemics: A proposed framework for educators (2021)

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted healthcare systems and health professions education (HPE). There are few frameworks to help educators manage HPE before, during and after pandemics and epidemics. We developed a crisis management framework which draws from diverse theories to emphasise preparedness, leadership, stakeholder perceptions and organisational learning to provide guidance. 1 Bundy et al. define crisis management in 3 stages: before, during and after a crisis. This allows detailed response planning. We adapted it to derive a framework for HPE in pandemics and epidemics (HPEPE). This framework is relevant as it reminds educators to not only focus on the present pandemic, but also the steps to take before and after the crisis to learn and prepare further for the future.
2-step Variable Valve Actuation: System Optimization and Integration on an SI Engine (2006)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;2-step variable valve actuation using early-intake valve closing is a strategy for high fuel economy on spark-ignited gasoline engines. Two discrete valve-lift profiles are used with continuously variable cam phasing. 2-step VVA systems are attractive because of their low cost/benefit, relative simplicity, and ease-of-packaging on new and existing engines.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A 2-step VVA system was designed and integrated on a 4-valve-per-cylinder 4.2L line-6 engine. Simulation tools were used to develop valve lift profiles for high fuel economy and low NOx emissions. The intake lift profiles had equal lift for both valves and were designed for high airflow &amp;amp; residual capacity in order to minimize valvetrain switching during the EPA drive cycle. It was determined that an enhanced combustion system was needed to maximize fuel economy benefit with the selected valve lift profiles. A flow-efficient chamber mask was developed to increase in-cylinder tumble motion and combustion rates.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A 2-step valvetrain mechanism was developed that features hydraulically-actuated switchable rocker arms and hydraulic lash adjusters (Type II valvetrain). The rocker arm is a dual-roller, single-slider design for compact packaging and low friction. The engine management system was modified for control and calibration of 2-step VVA, and to realize the full fuel economy potential of the system.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Dynamometer tests on a multicylinder engine indicated a 6.9 percent fuel economy benefit relative to the production engine with exhaust cam phasing alone on the EPA city cycle. Combustion enhancement significantly contributed to the overall fuel economy benefit. Vehicle tests showed less fuel economy improvement than steady state dynamometer tests due, in part, to cam phaser control limitations. For warmed-up Phase 3 EPA tests (cycles 19-23), a 5.5% improvement was measured with 46% reduction in NOx. For the whole EPA city test including cold start, a 4.8% improvement was measured. Further improvements in vehicle fuel economy are expected with refinement in transient control and calibration.&lt;/div&gt;
A recurring YYDRxG pattern in broadly neutralizing antibodies to a conserved site on SARS-CoV-2, variants of concern, and related viruses (2021)

ABSTRACT Studying the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 informs on how the human immune system can respond to antigenic variants as well as other SARS-related viruses. Here, we structurally and functionally characterized a potent human antibody ADI-62113 that also neutralizes SARS-CoV- 2 variants of concern and cross-reacts with many other sarbecoviruses. A YYDRxG motif encoded by IGHD3-22 in CDR H3 facilitates targeting to a highly conserved epitope on the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain. A computational search for a YYDRxG pattern in publicly available sequences identified many antibodies with broad neutralization activity against SARS-CoV-2 variants and SARS-CoV. Thus, the YYDRxG motif represents a common convergent solution for the human humoral immune system to counteract sarbecoviruses. These findings also suggest an epitope targeting strategy to identify potent and broadly neutralizing antibodies that can aid in the design of pan-sarbecovirus vaccines and antibody therapeutics. Short Summary Decryption of a recurrent sequence feature in anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies identifies how potent pan-sarbecovirus antibodies target a conserved epitope on the receptor binding domain.
The Bel1 protein of human foamy virus contains one positive and two negative control regions which regulate a distinct activation domain of 30 amino acids (1994)

The Bel1 transactivator is essential for the replication of human foamy virus (HFV). To define the functional domains of HFV Bel1, we generated random missense mutations throughout the entire coding sequence of Bel1. Functional analyses of 24 missense mutations have revealed the presence of at least two functional domains in Bel1. One domain corresponds to a basic amino acid-rich motif which acts as a bipartite nuclear targeting sequence. A second, central domain corresponds to a presumed effector region which, when mutated, leads to dominant-negative mutants and/or lacks transactivating ability. In addition, deletion analyses and domain-swapping experiments further showed that Bel1 protein contains a strong carboxy-terminal activation domain. The activating region is also capable of functioning as a transcription-activating domain in yeast cells, although it does not bear any significant sequence homology to the well-characterized acidic activation domain which is known to function only in yeast and mammalian cells. We also demonstrated that the regions of Bel1 from residues 1 to 76 and from residues 153 to 225 repressed transcriptional activation exerted by the Bel1 activation domain. In contrast, the region from residues 82 to 150 appears to overcome an inhibitory effect. These results indicate that Bel1 contains one positive and two negative regulatory domains that modulate a distinct activation domain of Bel1. These regulatory domains of Bel1 cannot affect the function of the VP16 activation domain, suggesting that these domains specifically regulate the activation domain of Bel1. Furthermore, in vivo competition experiments showed that the positive regulatory domain acts in trans. Thus, our results demonstrate that Bel1-mediated transactivation appears to undergo a complex regulatory pathway which provides a novel mode of regulation for a transcriptional activation domain.