gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interleukin-2 enhances CD4+ T cell memory by promoting the generation of IL-7Rα–expressing cells (2007)

The common gamma chain cytokines interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-7 are important regulators of T cell homeostasis. Although IL-2 is implicated in the acute phase of the T cell response, IL-7 is important for memory T cell survival. We asked whether regulated responsiveness to these growth factors is determined by temporal expression of the cytokine-specific IL-2 receptor (R) alpha and IL-7Ralpha chains. We demonstrate that IL-2Ralpha is expressed early after priming in T cell receptor-transgenic CD4(+) T cells, whereas IL-7Ralpha expression is lost. In the later stage of the response, IL-7Ralpha is reexpressed while IL-2Ralpha expression is silenced. This reciprocal pattern of IL-2Ralpha/IL-7Ralpha expression is disturbed when CD4(+) T cells are primed in the absence of IL-2 signals. Primed IL-2(-/-) or CD25(-/-) (IL-2Ralpha(-/-)) CD4(+) T cells, despite showing normal induction of activation markers and cell division, fail to reexpress IL-7Ralpha late in the response. Because the generation of CD4(+) memory T cells is dependent on IL-7-IL-7Ralpha interactions, primed IL-2(-/-) or CD25(-/-) CD4(+) T cells develop poorly into long-lived memory cells. Retrovirus-mediated expression of IL-7Ralpha in IL-2(-/-) T cells restores their capacity for long-term survival. These results identify IL-2 as a factor regulating IL-7Ralpha expression and, consequently, memory T cell homeostasis in vivo.
Hydrolytic hydrogenation of cellulose with hydrotreated caesium salts of heteropoly acids and Ru/C (2011)

We recently demonstrated excellent yields of hexitols for the reductive splitting of highly concentrated cellulose mixtures using a combination of commercially available heteropoly acids, viz. H3PW12O40 (H3PW) and H4SiW12O40 (H4SiW), and Ru on carbon (Ru/C) (J. Geboers et al., Chem. Commun., 2010, 46, 3577–3579). Despite their excellent catalytic performance, recovery and reuse of these soluble acid catalysts remains challenging. This contribution evaluates the potential of the so-called insoluble non-stoichiometric caesium salts of HPAs, viz. CsPW and CsSiW, in combination with Ru/C for the conversion of cellulose. As-synthesized CsHPA salts are shown to be even more active than native HPAs and their hydrolytic activity is improved even further by increasing the calcination temperature during synthesis, followed by a hydrotreating procedure. Reactions with CsSiW are highly selective due to suppression of hydrogenolysis side reactions: yields of up to 90% hexitols under mild reaction conditions are achieved using ball-milled avicel cellulose. Whereas recovery of commercial HPAs was not successful, CsPW salts were fully retained after reaction at 170 °C by simple recrystallization at room temperature without the need of an organic solvent.
A SPAD Depth Sensor Robust Against Ambient Light: The Importance of Pixel Scaling and Demonstration of a 2.5μm Pixel with 21.8% PDE at 940nm (2022)

We present scaled down Single Photon Avalanche Diode (SPAD) pixels to prevent Photon Detection Efficiency (PDE) degradation under high ambient light. This study is carried out on Back-Illuminated (BI) 3D-stacked SPAD array sensors with 3.3, 3.0, and 2.5μm pixel pitches fabricated using a CMOS 300mm platform. To achieve pixel scaling, the developed pixels introduce a sub-micron avalanche region to prevent premature edge breakdown while allowing for a low Dark Count Rate (DCR). Moreover, optimized optical lenses enable scaled down pixels to achieve approximately 100% fill factor, thereby boosting the PDE at λ=940nm beyond 20%, even under sunlight conditions. These sensors offer cost-efficient and high accuracy depth-sensing capabilities, even under challenging ambient light conditions.
High Resolution Laser Diagnostics in Millimeter-Scale Micro Pulsed Plasma Thrusters (2002)

A class of Micro-Pulsed Plasma Thruster (MicroPPT) is being developed to provide precise attitude control and stationkeeping ability to 25-kg class satellites. Operating by means of a surface discharge across a Teflon propellant fuel bar only a few millimeters in diameter, the MicroPPT delivers a thrust-to-power ratio of 5 - 10 Micro-N-s/J. Due to the low pulse energy and size, the MicroPPT produces a spatially confined and diffuse plasma plume that is difficult to analyze with material probes for validation of plume modeling. To this end, a Herriott Cell interferometer is introduced to measure the plume electron and neutral densities. By focusing a large number of laser beams into a small measurement volume, the Herriott Cell can increase the instrument resolution by a factor of about 10, compared to a single-pass interferometer, with minimal degradation of spatial resolution. Comparison of these results with a 2 colors, 2-pass interferometer demonstrates experimental validity of the point measurement technique used. Comparison of the measured electron density with modeling predictions by Keidar and Boyd shows close agreement. Attempts to measure the MicroPPT neutral density with a 2 colors configuration of the Herriott Cell interferometer were inconclusive, in spite of previous successes using this technique on larger PPTs.
Detecting N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea-induced mutation in the tissues of mice using whole-genome HiFi Sequencing (2022)

Direct sequencing can be used for characterizing mutagenicity in complex biological models, e.g., in various tissues of mammalian species. We employed whole-genome High-Fidelity Sequencing (HiFi Sequencing) for detecting mutations induced in male CD-1 mice by N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU). Mice were treated by gavage with a single 40 mg/kg dose of ENU at 12 weeks of age; negative control mice were untreated. Peripheral blood and solid tissues (liver, spleen, and kidney) were harvested 4 weeks post-exposure; the erythrocyte Pig-a assay was used to measure mutant frequencies in peripheral blood, while mutations were evaluated in the solid tissues by HiFi Sequencing. The frequency of Pig-a phenotypically mutant total red blood cells and reticulocytes in ENU-treated mice increased 7- and 30-fold, while the frequency of mutations in the genomic DNA of solid tissues increased up to 7-fold, with the greatest increase observed in the spleen and the smallest increase in the liver. The most common mutations detected by HiFi Sequencing in ENU-treated mice were T&gt;A transitions and T&gt;C transversions. The data suggest that HiFi Sequencing complements the Pig-a reporter gene mutation assay, detecting mutagenicity in tissues where performing the Pig-a assay is impossible and providing information on the spectra of mutations which potentially may be useful for characterizing the genotoxicity of novel compounds.
A novel matrix converter based resonant dual active bridge for V2G applications (2012)

Dual-active bridges (DABs) can be used to deliver isolated and bidirectional power to electric vehicles (EVs) or to the grid in vehicle-to-grid (V2G) applications. However, such a system essentially requires a two-stage power conversion process, which significantly increases the power losses. Furthermore, the poor power factor associated with DAB converters further reduces the efficiency of such systems. This paper proposes a novel matrix converter based resonant DAB converter that requires only a single-stage power conversion process to facilitate isolated bi-directional power transfer between EVs and the grid. The proposed converter comprises a matrix converter based front end linked with an EV side full-bridge converter through a high frequency isolation transformer and a tuned LCL network. A mathematical model, which predicts the behavior of the proposed system, is presented to show that both the magnitude and direction of the power flow can be controlled through either relative phase angle or magnitude modulation of voltages produced by converters. Viability of the proposed concept is verified through simulations. The proposed matrix converter based DAB, with a single power conversion stage, is low in cost, and suites charging and discharging in single or multiple EVs or V2G applications.
A simple dispersive chiral FDTD formulation implemented on a Yee grid (2005)

A new simple dispersive chiral FDTD formulation based on the traditional Yee grid is introduced. This methodology uses an explicit form of the dispersive chiral constitutive equations in conjunction with the Z-transform technique to incorporate dispersion. The main advantage of this technique is its simplicity and straightforward incorporation with traditional FDTD methods. This method was also extended to an implicit method introduced by A. Grande et al. (see IEEE Trans. on Microwave Theory and Tech., vol.52, no.2, p.773-84, 2004) that used two transverse FDTD grids to align the E-fields and H-fields. These methodologies were used to simulate the scattering from a chiral slab and both compared favorably with analytic results. The advantage of the explicit method is that, in a full 3D formulation, it only requires a single traditional Yee grid.
Inflammation: cytokines and RNA‐based regulation (2010)

The outcome of an inflammatory response depends upon the coordinated regulation of a variety of both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines and other proteins. Regulation of these inflammation mediators can occur at multiple levels, including transcription, mRNA translation, post-translational modifications, and mRNA degradation. Post-transcriptional regulation has been shown to play an important role in controlling the expression of these mediators, allowing for normal initiation and resolution of the inflammatory response. Many inflammatory mediators have unstable mRNAs due, in part, to the presence of AU-rich elements in their 3'-untranslated regions. Increasing numbers of RNA-binding proteins have been identified that can bind to these AU-rich elements and then regulate the stability and/or translation of the mRNA. This review summarizes current knowledge about the role of several RNA-binding proteins that act through AU-rich elements to post-transcriptionally regulate the biosynthesis of proteins involved in inflammation.
The Oncotype DX Recurrence Score Is Correlated With a Composite Index Including Routinely Reported Pathobiologic Features (2010)

In a series of 177 breast carcinomas, we found that the Oncotype DX Recurrence Score (RS) was correlated with six pathobiologic features: estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 status, and the three components of the Nottingham tumor grade. The RS also correlated with a composite index (the Breast Cancer Prognostic Score or BCPS) comprising the same six parameters. Categorical concordance was 56% and 66% using conventional and TAILORx cutoffs, respectively. Our data show that a composite prognostic index can be constructed from routinely reported breast tumor features that captures much of the information provided by the Oncotype assay at no added cost.
Sol–Gel-Derived Silver-Nanoparticle-Embedded Thin Film for Mass Spectrometry-Based Biosensing (2013)

A porous silver-nanoparticle (AgNP)-embedded thin film biosensor was produced by the sol-gel method. The thin films were used as matrix-free laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS) biosensors applicable to several chemical classes. In these experiments, UV laser irradiation (337 nm) of the AgNP facilitates desorption and ionization of a number of peptides, triglycerides, and phospholipids. Preferential ionization of sterols from vesicles composed of olefinic phosphosphatidylcholines is also demonstrated, offering the possibility for a simplified approach for sterol analysis from complex mixtures. The composition of the nanoparticles was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and UV-vis spectroscopy. XPS data revealed a binding energy of 368.2 eV, consistent with the previous assignment of the binding energy for the Ag 3d(5/2) peak from Ag(0) at 368.1 ± 0.1 eV. The surface morphology of the thin films was studied by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and revealed the presence of nanoparticles and the porous nature of the biosensor.
Preparation of highly polarized nuclei: Observation and control of time-dependent polarization transfer fromHCl35molecular rotation toCl35nuclear spin (2007)

We demonstrate time-dependent polarization transfer from molecular rotation to nuclear spin. The ${\mathrm{H}}^{35}\mathrm{Cl}$ $(v=2,J=1,M=1)$ state is excited with a $1.7\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$ laser pulse, and then dissociated with a delayed $235\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$ laser pulse to produce $^{35}\mathrm{Cl}$ atoms. Time-dependent polarizations of both $\mathrm{H}^{35}\mathrm{Cl}$ $(v=2,J=1)$ molecules and $^{35}\mathrm{Cl}(^{2}\mathrm{P}_{3∕2})$ atoms, which vary due to hyperfine quantum beating, are measured. The $^{35}\mathrm{Cl}$ nuclear spin is highly polarized $(⟨{M}_{\mathrm{Cl}}⟩\ensuremath{\approx}1.1)$ at a pump-probe delay of $145\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{ns}$. Densities surpassing ${10}^{14}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ are achieved. The technique is applicable to many atoms not amenable to optical pumping.
Dual-output port widely tunable fiber laser based on a SOA dual sagnac loop mirror configuration (2009)

Widely tunable (30 nm) fiber laser based on a dual Sagnac loop mirror configuration is demonstrated. Dual output port operation is accomplished by proper adjustment of the loop mirror reflectivity allowing for +9 dBm output power.
Effect of Key Variable Combinations on the Vibration-Induced Loosening of Preloaded Fasteners (2016)

This study investigates the effect of key variable combinations on the loosening performance of a preloaded threaded fastener system under harmonic transverse vibrations, using a software for bolt loosening analysis. The software is based on a mathematical model of the standard Junker test for vibration loosening. Studied variable combinations include the fastener initial tension, thread pitch, bearing and thread friction coefficients, bolt stiffness, and joint stiffness. Generated data on bolt loosening performance is analyzed for trends and relative significance of variables, and variable combinations.
VCSEL-based sensors for distance and velocity (2016)

VCSEL based sensors can measure distance and velocity in three dimensional space and are already produced in high quantities for professional and consumer applications. Several physical principles are used: VCSELs are applied as infrared illumination for surveillance cameras. High power arrays combined with imaging optics provide a uniform illumination of scenes up to a distance of several hundred meters. Time-of-flight methods use a pulsed VCSEL as light source, either with strong single pulses at low duty cycle or with pulse trains. Because of the sensitivity to background light and the strong decrease of the signal with distance several Watts of laser power are needed at a distance of up to 100m. VCSEL arrays enable power scaling and can provide very short pulses at higher power density. Applications range from extended functions in a smartphone over industrial sensors up to automotive LIDAR for driver assistance and autonomous driving. Self-mixing interference works with coherent laser photons scattered back into the cavity. It is therefore insensitive to environmental light. The method is used to measure target velocity and distance with very high accuracy at distances up to one meter. Single-mode VCSELs with integrated photodiode and grating stabilized polarization enable very compact and cost effective products. Besides the well know application as computer input device new applications with even higher accuracy or for speed over ground measurement in automobiles and up to 250km/h are investigated. All measurement methods exploit the known VCSEL properties like robustness, stability over temperature and the potential for packages with integrated optics and electronics. This makes VCSEL sensors ideally suited for new mass applications in consumer and automotive markets.
First step of a modeling approach to evaluate spatial heterogeneity in a fish (Cottus gobio) population dynamics (2006)

We use a spatially explicit modeling strategy in order to describe the dynamics of a bullhead population living in a river network in the South of France. We propose a multipatch Leslie model, which integrates the spatial heterogeneity of demographic rates and takes into account dispersion processes. The model is based on very first data coming from a field study. First, we test different hypothesis on survival (age variability, spatial heterogeneity, and density-dependence) and on dispersion (density-dependent recruitment of young fish) in terms of fit between modeled and field population features (population growth rate, local density, and spatial distribution). There, we show how such a model constitutes a tool to precisely examine the biology of bullhead. Indeed, the modeling approach leads us to operate a feedback from outputs of the model to biological assumptions. Second, we analyze the weight of dispersion in the population dynamics, which appears to affect seriously the spatial distribution of fish. Finally, we discuss our results in the framework of impact assessment of potential climate changes for the bullhead population.
Precise let-7 expression levels balance organ regeneration against tumor suppression (2015)

The in vivo roles for even the most intensely studied microRNAs remain poorly defined. Here, analysis of mouse models revealed that let-7, a large and ancient microRNA family, performs tumor suppressive roles at the expense of regeneration. Too little or too much let-7 resulted in compromised protection against cancer or tissue damage, respectively. Modest let-7 overexpression abrogated MYC-driven liver cancer by antagonizing multiple let-7 sensitive oncogenes. However, the same level of overexpression blocked liver regeneration, while let-7 deletion enhanced it, demonstrating that distinct let-7 levels can mediate desirable phenotypes. let-7 dependent regeneration phenotypes resulted from influences on the insulin-PI3K-mTOR pathway. We found that chronic high-dose let-7 overexpression caused liver damage and degeneration, paradoxically leading to tumorigenesis. These dose-dependent roles for let-7 in tissue repair and tumorigenesis rationalize the tight regulation of this microRNA in development, and have important implications for let-7 based therapeutics.
Aluminum acceptor four particle bound exciton complex in 4H, 6H, and 3C SiC (1993)

New lines in the low temperature luminescence spectra of lightly aluminum doped p-type films of 3C, 6H, and 4H SiC are identified and associated with the recombination of a neutral aluminum acceptor four particle bound exciton complex.
Automatic estimation of human blood pressure based on the joint analysis of morphological and spectral parameters of the photoplethysmogram (2020)

A method for the automatic assessment of the systolic and diastolic blood pressure of people by means of a joint analysis of spectral and morphological features of the pulse waveform on a photoplethysmogram is proposed. For extraction of the used features, algorithms have been developed for the preliminary processing of the original photoplethysmogram signal, its automatic division into periods corresponding to individual cardiac cycles, and the selection of characteristic features of the pulse waveform in each period. The selected signal periods are used to calculate the spectral characteristics of the photoplethysmogram, and the expediency of using triplets of successive cycles for this purpose is shown experimentally. The parameters calculated from the features of the pulse waveform and its calculated spectral characteristics are automatically analyzed using a specially trained artificial neural network, which forms an estimate of the patient’s systolic and diastolic blood pressure at the output. The expediency of automatic determination of blood pressure based on the joint analysis of spectral and morphological characteristics of photoplethysmograms is shown experimentally.
Linearly Homomorphic Signatures over Binary Fields and New Tools for Lattice-Based Signatures. (2010)

We propose a linearly homomorphic signature scheme that authenticates vector subspaces of a given ambient space. Our system has several novel properties not found in previous proposals: • It is the first such scheme that authenticates vectors defined over binary fields; previous proposals could only authenticate vectors with large or growing coefficients. • It is the first such scheme based on the problem of finding short vectors in integer lattices, and thus enjoys the worst-case security guarantees common to lattice-based cryptosystems. Our scheme can be used to authenticate linear transformations of signed data, such as those arising when computing mean and Fourier transform or in networks that use network coding. Our construction gives an example of a cryptographic primitive — homomorphic signatures over F2 — that can be built using lattice methods, but cannot currently be built using bilinear maps or other traditional algebraic methods based on factoring or discrete log type problems. Security of our scheme (in the random oracle model) is based on a new hard problem on lattices, called k-SIS, that reduces to standard average-case and worst-case lattice problems. Our formulation of the k-SIS problem adds to the “toolbox” of lattice-based cryptography and may be useful in constructing other lattice-based cryptosystems. As a second application of the new k-SIS tool, we construct an ordinary signature scheme and prove it k-time unforgeable in the standard model assuming the hardness of the k-SIS problem. Our construction can be viewed as “removing the random oracle” from the signatures of Gentry, Peikert, and Vaikuntanathan at the expense of only allowing a small number of signatures.
G0600-6-2 The blowout limit of high temperature air combustion (2010)

The blowout limit of high temperature air combustion (HiTAC) has been investigated in a laboratory-scale furnace. A mixture of air and N_2 is used as oxidizer. The preheat temperature of the oxidizer is up to 1130K and O_2 concentration is down to 3%. Propane is used as fuel. The measured temperature distribution in the furnace indicates that the flame under HiTAC condition is a lifted flame. The liftoff height is evaluated by ignition delay and velocity of fuel. The ignition delay is calculated from CHEMKIN code for reactant concentration and temperature at the flame base. The evaluated values of liftoff height under the blowout conditions are nearly equal. This result implies that the liftoff height is useful in characterizing the flammability of HiTAC.