gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Display color synthesis in the space-time continuum (2009)

A common problem for all color displays, regardless of whether they are of the self-luminous or non-self-luminous type, is the synthesis of a full-color image from a limited set of primary colors. Several approaches to color synthesis have been employed for electronic displays. The most successful of these conform to the principles of additive color mixture and include optical superposition, spatial synthesis and temporal synthesis. In order to understand the principles of color generation in electronic display systems, as well as the relative strengths and weaknesses of synthesizing color in the space and time domains, I first consider the visual bases which allow such color synthesis to occur. Although basic approaches to color synthesis have served the evolution of display technology well up to recent times, I present the argument that the continued evolution of display technology toward higher display resolution and enhanced color quality has exposed the limitations of both spatial color synthesis and temporal color synthesis and raises questions as to whether either method for synthesizing color can alone fully satisfy the ever increasing demands on display image quality. Clearly, new approaches to color synthesis are needed to sustain the evolution of display technology, and I describe recent concepts with the potential for pushing the horizons of color display image quality and reducing the costs of future color displays. These include hybrid spatial-temporal color synthesis and 3D color synthesis as well as variants of these approaches.
Trafficking and secretion of keratin 75 by ameloblasts in vivo (2019)

A highly specialized cytoskeletal protein, keratin 75 (K75), expressed primarily in hair follicles, nail beds, and lingual papillae, was recently discovered in dental enamel, the most highly mineralized hard tissue in the human body. Among many questions this discovery poses, the fundamental question regarding the trafficking and secretion of this protein, which lacks a signal peptide, is of an utmost importance. Here, we present evidence that K75 is expressed during the secretory stage of enamel formation and is present in the forming enamel matrix. We further show that K75 is secreted together with major enamel matrix proteins amelogenin and ameloblastin, and it was detected in Golgi and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) but not in rough ER (rER). Inhibition of ER-Golgi transport by brefeldin A did not affect the association of K75 with Golgi, whereas ameloblastin accumulated in rER, and its transport from rER into Golgi was disrupted. Together, these results indicate that K75, a cytosolic protein lacking a signal sequence, is secreted into the forming enamel matrix utilizing portions of the conventional ER-Golgi secretory pathway. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study providing insights into mechanisms of keratin secretion.
Comparative Study of Plasma Source-Dependent Charging Polarity in Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors with High-k and SiO2 Gate Dielectrics (2008)

The polarities of charging damage in n- and p-channel metal–oxide–semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) with Hf-based high-k gate stack (HfAlOx/SiO2) were studied for two different plasma sources (Ar- and Cl-based gas mixtures) and found to depend on plasma conditions, in contrast to those with conventional SiO2. It was also found that high-k devices were more susceptible to plasma charging damage than SiO2 devices. For Ar-plasma, which was confirmed to induce a larger charging damage, both n- and p-channel MOSFETs with high-k gate stacks suffer from negative charge trapping, whereas for Cl-plasma confirmed to induce less damage, both n- and p-channel MOSFETs with high-k gate stacks suffer from positive charge trapping. The above-mentioned plasma-source-dependent charging damage was also compared on the basis of the results obtained by the plasma diagnostics. From the results of constant-current stress tests, the unique charging polarity observed for the high-k gate stack was attributed to the characteristic hole and electron trapping phenomena, in accordance with the injected stress current and stress time, implying the necessity of taking the intrinsic charge trapping process into consideration for accurate evaluations of charging damage on high-k gate dielectrics.
INVOLVEMENT OF SINGLET OXYGEN IN THE PHOTOTOXICITY MECHANISM FOR A METABOLITE OF PIROXICAM (1987)

It has been previously shown that a metabolite of piroxicam but not piroxicam itself causes phototoxicity to cells in vitro after exposure to UVA (320–400 nm) radiation. The phototoxicity mechanism for this metabolite, 2‐methyl‐4‐oxo‐2H‐l,2‐benzothiazine‐l,l‐dioxide (Compound I), was investigated. In vitro phototoxicity to human mononuclear cells was assayed using 0.5 m M Compound I and UVA radiation. The UVA fluence required for phototoxicity of Compound I was lower by a factor of 2‐3 in D 2 O buffer compared to H 2 O buffer. Superoxide dismutase and mannitol, which remove O 2 ‐ and OH”, respectively, do not decrease the phototoxicity. The photodecomposition of Compound I was inhibited by sodium azide, enhanced by human serum albumin and unaffected by mannitol. Stable photoproducts of Compound I were not toxic to the cells. The quantum yield of singlet oxygen based on its emission at 1270 nm was 0.19 and 0.35 for Compound I and s2 ± 10 ‐3 and 10 ‐2 for piroxicam in D 2 O and C 6 H 6 , respectively. While the extremely low quantum yield for singlet oxygen from piroxicam appears to account for its lack of phototoxicity, the phototoxicity mechanism for its metabolite, Compound I, most likely does involve singlet oxygen.
Genome Shuffling of &lt;i&gt;Pseudomonas&lt;/i&gt; Sp. Ioca11 for Improving Degradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (2012)

A Pseudomonas sp. strain IOCa11 exhibiting broad substrate profile for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) degradation was isolated by enrichment techniques from oil-contaminated soil. We applied genome shuffling of Pseudomonas sp. strain IOCa11 to achieve improved degradation of PAHs. The initial mutant population was generated by nitrosoguanidine treatment and population exhibiting improved phenotype was subjected to multiple round of protoplast fusion in order to allow recombination between genomes. Mutant, designated as SF-IOC11-16A, obtained after recursive protoplast fusion showed substantial improvement in ability to degrade PAHs in liquid media. It could degrade 98% DBT in 72 hours in comparison to 74% by the wild parent strain. Similar improvement in degradation of the naphthalene (NAP), phenanthrene (PHE), and benzo (α) pyrene (BAP) was also observed in shuffled strain. The shuffled strain was also able to grow at higher concentration of PAHs and degrade them efficiently. The results indicate that genome shuffling can successfully be used to improve the PAHs degradation capability of bacteria.
Big Data Driven Hidden Markov Model Based Individual Mobility Prediction at Points of Interest (2016)

With the emergence of smartphones and location-based services, user mobility prediction has become a critical enabler for a wide range of applications, like location-based advertising, early warning systems, and citywide traffic planning. A number of techniques have been proposed to either conduct spatio-temporal mobility prediction or forecast the next-place. However, both produce diverse prediction performance for different users and display poor performance for some users. This paper focuses on investigating the effect of living habits on the models of spatio-temporal prediction and next-place prediction, and selects one from these two models for an individual to achieve effective mobility prediction at users' points of interest. Based on the hidden Markov model (HMM), a spatio-temporal predictor and a next-place predictor are proposed. Living habits are analyzed in terms of entropy, upon which users are clustered into distinct groups. With large-scale factual mobile data captured from a big city, we compare the proposed HMM-based predictors with existing state-of-the-art predictors and apply them to different user groups. The results demonstrate the robust performance of the two proposed mobility predictors, which outperform the state of the art for various user groups.
Rapid projection of crystal grain orientation distribution in mild steel sheets by synchrotron x-ray diffraction (1995)

An investigation on primary recrystallization process of mild steel sheets was carried out by using the method developed by the present authors for rapid projection of the crystal grain orientation distribution, the pole figure, in polycrystalline materials. Measurements were made at the beamline BL-3A at the Photon Factory. It was shown that the projected pattern was continuous in the cold-rolled state. When the sheet was annealed, tiny diffraction spots or small grains appeared in the continuous pattern of cold-rolled state. Successive growing of crystal grains is seen as an increase in the size of diffraction spots.
Caloric restriction in leptin deficiency does not correct myocardial steatosis: failure to normalize PPARα/PGC1α and thermogenic glycerolipid/fatty acid cycling (2011)

Thus, CR in the absence of leptin fails to normalize cardiac steatosis. GL/FFA cycling may be, at least in part, leptin-dependent and a key pathway that protects the heart from lipid accumulation.
Novel method to pseudoheterodyne a polarimetric fiber optic sensor (1989)

The insertion of a rotating halfwave plate (RHWP) into a polarimetric fiber optic scheme is analyzed. The RHWP allows phase control of the autointerference signal and can be used to pseudoheterodyne the polarimetric setup. The scheme is applied to a polarimetric sensor of a dynamic strain and permits full recovery of the elongation signal.
High Resolution Characterization of Riverine and Coastal Currents (2005)

Predictive Capability for Coastal Circulation: High resolution (meters) currents and water levels in littoral environments that include bays, inter-tidal marshes and rivers. ADCIRC Model includes 3D dynamics, details of forcing from tides, wind, waves and rivers; shoreline inundation/recession; uses unstructured grids(based on finite elements) and MPI parallelization.
Organometallic photochemistry with circularly polarized light. Synthesis of optically active tropone–iron tricarbonyl complex by asymmetric destruction (1978)

S. Litman, A. Gedanken, Z. Goldschmidt and Y. Bakal, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1978, 983 DOI: 10.1039/C39780000983
Clinicopathological and Therapeutic Significance of CXCL12 Expression in Lung Cancer (2010)

Interactions between CXCL12 and its receptors CXCR4 or CXCR7 are involved in tumor growth and metastasis in various types of human cancer. However, CXCL12 expression and its role in lung cancer are not fully elucidated. Here we examined the expression of CXCL12 in 54 lung cancer cell lines consisting of 23 small cell lung cancers (SCLCs) and 31 non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs). CXCL12 was overexpressed in lung cancer cell lines compared to non-malignant human bronchial epithelial cell lines (N = 6). CXCL12 expression was positively but weakly correlated with the expression of CXCR4 or CXCR7. We also examined CXCL12 expression in 89 NSCLC specimens and found that CXCL12 expression was significantly higher in tumor specimens from female patients, non-smokers and adenocarcinoma patients. Small interfering RNAs targeting CXCL12 inhibited cellular proliferation, colony formation and migration of CXCL12-overexpressing lung cancer cells; however, this inhibition did not occur in lung cancer cells that lacked CXCL12. Furthermore, the anti-CXCL12 neutralizing antibody mediated inhibitory effects in three lung cancer cell lines that overexpressed CXCL12, but not in two CXCL12 non-expressing lung cancer cell lines nor two non-malignant bronchial epithelial cell lines. The present study demonstrates that: CXCL12 is concomitantly overexpressed with CXCR4 or CXCR7 in lung cancers; CXCL12 is highly expressed in NSCLCs from females, non-smokers and adenocarcinoma patients; and disruption of CXCL12 inhibits the growth and migration of lung cancer cells. Our findings indicate that CXCL12 is required for tumor growth and provide a rationale for the anti-CXCL12 treatment strategy in lung cancer.
Exploring spherical microphone arrays for room acoustic analysis (2012)

Spherical microphone arrays offer several advantages over linear microphone arrays and single sensor microphones for room acoustic analysis. Some advantages are the ability to: a) steer the directional response in 3D space, b) change the beampattern shape (independent of the look direction) and c) spatial decomposition of the sound field into spherical harmonic orthonormal components. All of these features are available online and offline meaning that the analysis can be performed after the measurement has been done. We will present standard measurements such as spatially dependent reverberation time, diffuseness, etc. that take advantage of the spherical array decomposition of the soundfield. We will also revisit the spatial correlation function, a measure very suitable for sphercial array based room analysis. Results for various setups will be presented.
Abstract 16203: Deletion of Foxp Repressors Induces Rapid-Onset Cardiomyopathy in Adult Mice (2011)

Transcriptomic studies in the human and murine heart have demonstrated that forkhead (FOX) binding motifs are enriched within the promoters of regulated heart failure genes, but a functional link between FOX repressors and adult heart failure has not been established. Here we demonstrate that disruption of Foxp signaling in the adult heart is sufficient to cause heart failure. Quantitative RT-PCR studies in isolated myocytes demonstrate that Foxp1 and Foxp4 are among the most highly expressed FOX transcription factors (TFs) in myocytes. As these TFs are known to repress transcription via formation of homo- and hetero-dimers, we used the MerCreMer system to delete both factors in the adult mouse heart. We created tamoxifen- inducible cardiac-specific knockout (KO) mice (alphaMHC-MerCreMer het /Foxp1 flox/flox /Foxp4 flox/flox ) and, to account for potential nonspecific Cre-mediated cardiotoxicity, we compared them to alphaMHC-MerCreMer het controls. After treatment with intraperitoneal tamoxifen at ∼3 months of age, controls remained normal, but KO animals developed signs of heart failure and a profound cardiomyopathy characterized by a drop in ejection fraction (KO 27 % vs. control 55%; p
Abrogation of Anti-Inflammatory Transcription Factor LKLF in Neutrophil-Dominated Airways (2008)

This is the first report to describe a role for Lung Kruppel-like Factor (LKLF or KLF2) in inflammatory airways diseases. In the present study, we identify that LKLF is constitutively expressed in the small airways of normal lungs; however, its expression disappears in severe airway diseases, such as cystic fibrosis (CF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. LKLF from primary airway epithelial cells inhibits NF-kappaB-driven transcription induced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa 7-fold, but is down-regulated in the presence of TNF-alpha and activated human neutrophils. As a constitutively expressed protein, LKLF inhibits release of a key pro-inflammatory chemokine, IL-8, from airway epithelia. Its expression by lung epithelial cells is enhanced in the presence of TNF blockade. Thus, cytokine-mediated inhibition of LKLF by neutrophils may contribute to ongoing recruitment by promoting IL-8 release from airway epithelia. We conclude that, in neutrophil-dominated airway environments, such as that seen in CF, reduced LKLF activity releases a brake on pro-inflammatory cytokine production and thereby may contribute to the persistent inflammatory responses seen in CF airway disease.
Evaluation of microarrays for measuring cell cycle progression (CCP) gene expression. (2017)

e16566 Background: A CCP score has been developed and validated to provide prognostic information in prostate cancer. To date, our studies have exclusively used qRT-PCR to measure CCP gene expression, which is generally considered the ‘gold-standard’ for measuring RNA expression levels. However, qRT-PCR allows for the interrogation of a relatively small number of genes. Because prostate cancer biopsies provide very limited tissue, there is interest in evaluating RNA expression platforms that could simultaneously integrate CCP genes and other less characterized targets that might be clinically useful. Here we evaluate the ability of microarrays to measure CCP gene expression. Methods: CCP scores for 1636 radical prostatectomy samples submitted for commercial testing were generated from the mean expression of 31 CCP genes and 15 housekeeping genes as determined by qRT-PCR. CCP scores were also generated from several publically available Affymetrix microarray expression data sets (Nakagawa et al. 2008, Karnes et al. 2013, Klein et al. 2014, Boormans et al. 2013, Taylor et al. 2013) by averaging the intensities (RMA processed, base 2 log scale) of the 31 CCP genes. Expression data were evaluated by comparing CCP score range and pairwise correlations between CCP genes. Results: The average pair-wise correlation in the commercial cohort using qRT-PCR was 0.67. The pair-wise correlations in the microarray studies were significantly lower, ranging from 0.17 (Klein) to 0.58 (Boormans). Importantly, the data in Boormans et al. was generated from frozen tissue. The CCP score in our commercial cohort ranged from -2 to 3 (base 2 log scale) with a standard deviation (SD) of 0.79. In contrast, the CCP score range in microarray studies was highly truncated with SDs ranging from 0.12 (Nakagawa) to 0.46 (Boormans). Conclusions: Expression of CCP genes as determined by microarrays correlates weakly with expression measured by qRT-PCR, with reduction in normally observed pairwise correlations among CCP genes and the range of CCP scores. This is especially true if the RNA is derived from fixed tissue. As a result, microarray generated CCP scores cannot be assumed to be a valid surrogate for qRT-PCR generated scores for prediction of patient outcome.
Special Issue (2009)

We are pleased to publish the second in a series of special issues published in the Journal of Biomechanical Engineering that focus in high-impact areas. The current issue grew out of a Symposium on the Mechanics of Growth and Remodeling in Native and Engineered Tissues, which took place at the 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference, Marco Island, FL, June 25–29, 2008.The underlying impetus for this symposium was that, despite its early success, tissue engineers have faced challenges in repairing or replacing tissues that serve a predominantly biomechanical function. An evolving discipline called “functional tissue engineering” seeks to address these challenges. The principles of functional tissue engineering address biomechanical considerations of tissue engineering approaches to repair and replacements for load-bearing structures. The long term in vivo fate of any engineered tissue is currently unknown. Clearly, a complete understanding of the in vivo remodeling process requires multi-length scale approaches. Further, the degree of cellular function and similarity to the native tissue has yet to be determined. The focus of this issue was thus to explore how state-of-the-art work in the Mechanics of Growth and Remodeling in native tissues can be applied to the development of Engineered Tissues.Topics included in this special issue include the latest theoretical concepts and experimental applications to explore how these concepts can be applied to native and engineered tissue development, includingMathematical models of growth and remodelingNovel experiments in mechanically-mediated remodelingMultimodal/multiscale modeling and testing of biological tissuesComputational models/constitutive formulations for biological tissuesModeling engineered tissue formationScaffold designThe application areas of the included papers are quite broad, and include engineered tissue scaffolds, the arterial system, bone, general theories for soft tissues, cartilage, ligament, and the urinary bladder wall. We believe this issue provides a unique snapshot of the field as of the current trends.The Guest Editors wish to thank all of the authors and reviewers for their participation and help making this special issue a success and hope that these papers will act to stimulate further work at the frontiers of our field. Finally, a special thanks to ASME for their support and encouragement in the production of this special issue.Sincerely the Guest Editors,
Resistive Switching Characteristics of Flexible TiO2Thin Film Fabricated by Deep Ultraviolet Photochemical Solution Method (2017)

A novel ultraviolet photochemical method was used to prepare TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> resistive-switching films. Amorphous TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> films were formed on flexible indium-tin oxide (ITO) coated polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates by deep ultraviolet irradiation at 150 °C. A Pt/TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /ITO/PET device was then fabricated to investigate bipolar resistive switching of the films for potential application in non-volatile memories. The ratio of on-state to off-state currents was measured, and a good value of 1000 was obtained. The retention and switch-cycling characteristics of the device were investigated for different bending radii. The resistive switching behavior of the flexible device remained stable after 600 cycles of electrical switching and 1000 cycles of bending.
Electronic infrared light absorption of a tri-palladium complex containing two π-expanded tetracene ligands (2014)

Three palladium atoms connect two π-expanded tetracene ligands to extend π-conjugation, realizing low energy absorption in the infrared region.
Towards Reliable Evaluation of Road Network Reconstructions (2019)

Existing performance measures rank delineation algorithms inconsistently, which makes it difficult to decide which one is best in any given situation. We show that these inconsistencies stem from design flaws that make the metrics insensitive to whole classes of errors. To provide more reliable evaluation, we design three new metrics that are far more consistent even though they use very different approaches to comparing ground-truth and reconstructed road networks. We use both synthetic and real data to demonstrate this and advocate the use of these corrected metrics as a tool to gauge future progress.
Elucidating the active δ-opioid receptor crystal structure with peptide and small-molecule agonists (2019)

Selective activation of the δ-opioid receptor (DOP) has great potential for the treatment of chronic pain, benefitting from ancillary anxiolytic and antidepressant-like effects. Moreover, DOP agonists show reduced adverse effects as compared to μ-opioid receptor (MOP) agonists that are in the spotlight of the current "opioid crisis." Here, we report the first crystal structures of the DOP in an activated state, in complex with two relevant and structurally diverse agonists: the potent opioid agonist peptide KGCHM07 and the small-molecule agonist DPI-287 at 2.8 and 3.3 Å resolution, respectively. Our study identifies key determinants for agonist recognition, receptor activation, and DOP selectivity, revealing crucial differences between both agonist scaffolds. Our findings provide the first investigation into atomic-scale agonist binding at the DOP, supported by site-directed mutagenesis and pharmacological characterization. These structures will underpin the future structure-based development of DOP agonists for an improved pain treatment with fewer adverse effects.