gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Alterations of Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide and Expression of Genes Involved in Mammary Gland and Adipose Tissue Lipid Metabolism during Pregnancy and Lactation (2013)

Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) is a gut derived peptide with multiple emerging physiological actions. Effects of pregnancy and lactation on GIP secretion and related gene expression were studied in Wistar rats. Pregnancy moderately increased feeding (p<0.05), whilst lactation substantially increased food intake (p<0.01 to p<0.001). Circulating GIP was unchanged during pregnancy, but non-fasting plasma glucose was significantly (p<0.01) decreased and insulin increased (p<0.05). Lactation was associated with elevated circulating GIP concentrations (p<0.001) without change of glucose or insulin. Oral glucose resulted in a significantly (p<0.001) decreased glycaemic excursion despite similar glucose-induced GIP and insulin concentrations in lactating rats. Pregnant rats had a similar glycaemic excursion but exhibited significantly lowered (p<0.05) GIP accompanied by elevated (p<0.001) insulin levels. Pregnant rats exhibited increased (p<0.001) islet numbers and individual islet areas were enlarged (p<0.05). There were no significant differences in islet alpha-cell areas, but all groups of rats displayed co-expression of glucagon and GIP in alpha-cells. Lactating rats exhibited significantly (p<0.01) increased intestinal weight, whereas intestinal GIP stores were significantly (p<0.01) elevated only in pregnant rats. Gene expression studies in lactating rats revealed prominent (p<0.01 to p<0.001) increases in mammary gland expression of genes involved in energy turnover, including GIP-R. GIP was present in intestines and plasma of 17 day old foetal rats, with substantially raised circulating concentrations in neonates throughout the period of lactation/suckling. These data indicate that changes in the secretion and action of GIP play an important role in metabolic adaptations during pregnancy and especially lactation.
Multihoming extensions for Proxy Mobile IPv6 (2010)

The IETF standardized Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6). PMIPv6 enables
mobile devices to connect to a PMIPv6 domain and roam across gateways
without changing the IP address. PMIPv6 also provides limited multi-
homing support to multi-mode mobile devices. The IETF is working on
optimizations for PMIPv6. While multi-homing item has been proposed to
be part of the approved work, discussions showed there are still many
controversial issues to be addressed (i.e. the no-host modification
theorem). This document explores solutions for the multi-homing use
case aiming at helping PMIPv6 development where possible.
Integrated System for Robust 6-DOF Positioning Utilizing New Closed-Form Visual Motion Estimation Methods in Planar Terrains (2006)

Estimating the relative positions and (or) trajectory of a camera from video images is a fundamental problem in motion vision. Of special relevance is the closed-form solution for planar scenes, for processing fly-over imagery from airborne and underwater robotics platforms, automated airplane landing utilizing runway landmarks, photomosaicing, etc. However, the method's robustness can break down in certain scenarios, e.g., due to inherent translation-rotation ambiguity of visual motion with short baselines and narrow field of view. The robustness can be improved by devising methods that compute a smaller set of motion parameters, utilizing other sensors to measure the remaining components. This paper addressed key issues in six degrees of freedom positioning from fly-over imagery by integrating vision with rotational angle sensors. First, we propose and utilize robust closed-form solutions for estimating the motion and orientation of a planar surface from the image flow variations up to first order, given measurements of pitch and roll motions. We also describe a calibration technique to enable the integration of angle sensor and visual measurements. Next, an error analysis enables us to evaluate the impact of inaccurate pitch and roll measurements on the estimates from the new closed-form solutions. Finally, the performance of our new methods and the integrated positioning system are evaluated in various experiments with synthetic and real data
A ray+waveform inversion for the potency tensor (2013)

Summary We describe a frequency domain waveform inversion for microseismic source mechanism in anisotropic media that combines the efficiency of ray theory with the accuracy of waveform fitting. Rather than inverting for the moment tensor as described previously (Leaney et al., 2011), we invert for the potency tensor. The source potency tensor is the moment tensor contracted with the compliance tensor of the medium local to the source and has several advantages. Firstly, it contains none of the distorting effects of anisotropy, which may alter characteristic source angles and produce false nondouble couple components in the moment tensor, even for a pure slip source; secondly, it allows the source to be decomposed in units of volume, rather than moment. In its simplest form, potency tensor inversion remains a linear problem, with the source medium properties absorbed into the strain Green function. Posterior covariances are more closely related to the source parameters of interest, free from anisotropic distortion. We review the method and demonstrate the advantage on a synthetic case.
The identity and reproduction potential of South African Meloidogyne species (2015)

Root--knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp., generally are the economically most important nematode pests that parasitise agri-- and horticultural crops in South Africa. The aims of the study were to i) identify Meloidogyne spp. individuals that infect roots/tubers/pods of crop plants received for diagnostic analyses and from research sites across South Africa using molecular and morphological identification techniques and ii) determine the reproductive potential of Meloidogyne species populations identified during the study in a greenhouse experiment (randomised complete block design with six replicates). Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was extracted from mature females obtained from infected, below--ground parts of crops and subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses. For the reproduction-- potential study, 1 000 eggs and second--stage juveniles (J2) of the respective Meloidogyne spp. populations identified were inoculated on roots of a susceptible tomato cultivar Floradade. Nematode parameters assessed 56 days later included egg--laying female indices, egg and J2 numbers and reproduction factors/root system. Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica proved to be the predominant species that infected maize, potato and soybean crops, while the emerging M. enterolobii (= M. mayaguensis) have also been identified from pepper and guava roots. Other unknown species have also been detected and are currently being identified. The reproduction potential of the various Meloidogyne spp. populations differed substantially within and among species. Positive identification of M. enterolobii, which is easily confused with M. incognita in terms of its morphological identification will contribute towards research aimed at determining the distribution, life cycle and pathogenicity of this pest. This study is ongoing and knowledge generated will benefit the research fraternity as well as producers and ultimately consumers.
Characterization of components of the anaerobic ribonucleotide reductase system from Escherichia coli. (1992)

Anaerobic growth of Escherichia coli induces an oxygen-sensitive ribonucleoside triphosphate reductase system, different from the aerobic ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase (EC 1.17.4.1) of aerobic E. coli and higher organisms (Fontecave, M., Eliasson, R., and Reichard, P. (1989) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 86, 2147-2151). We have now purified and characterized two proteins from the anaerobic system, provisionally named dA1 and dA3. dA3 is the actual ribonucleoside triphosphate reductase; dA1 has an auxiliary function. From gel filtration, dA1 and dA3 have apparent molecular masses of 27 and 145 kDa, respectively. In denaturing gel electrophoresis, dA3 gives two bands of closely related polypeptides with apparent molecular masses of 77 (beta 1) and 74 (beta 2) kDa. Immunological and structural evidence suggests that beta 2 is a degradation product of beta 1 and that the active enzyme is a dimer of beta 1. dA1 activity coincides on denaturing gels with a band of 29 kDa and thus appears to be a monomer. The reaction requires, in addition, an extract from E. coli heated for 30 min at 100 degrees C. Potassium is one required component, but one or several others remain unidentified and are provisionally designated fraction RT. With dA3, dA1, RT, and potassium ions, CTP reduction shows absolute requirements for S-adenosylmethionine, NADPH (with NADH as a less active substitute), dithiothreitol, and magnesium ions, and is strongly stimulated by ATP, probably acting as an allosteric effector. Micromolar concentrations of several chelators inhibit CTP reduction completely, suggesting the involvement of (a) transition metal(s).
Simultaneous self-sustained actuation and parallel readout with MEMS cantilever sensor array (2012)

Parallel readout of a microcantilever array using single magnetic actuator and a single photo detector for concurrent detection is reported. The system includes MEMS cantilever array designed for different resonance frequencies, optical elements for laser beam shaping and focusing, one detector and feedback electronics, and single broadband actuator for parallel excitation. The cantilevers are made using a simple one-mask fabrication process with embedded amplitude gratings at the tips. A line shaped laser beam is used to illuminate the cantilevers. A single readout photodiode is placed at the first order diffraction beam location on the Fourier plane. The amplified photodiode signal is fed back into the magnetic actuation using a preamplifier and a broadband current amplifier. In this paper, we report for the first time parallel monitoring of the thermal resonance peaks of inherently frequency-multiplexed MEMS cantilevers. We demonstrated simultaneous self-sustained oscillations of seven cantilevers by using a single actuator and detector in air environment. The method is suitable for low-cost multiplexed portable biosensors.
Ode Triggers: Monitoring the Stock Market (1997)

The Ode object-oriented database provides sophisticated trigger facilities. We illustrate their use and capabilities by writing a non-trivial trigger application–a stock market monitoring application. We will then describe our experiences in using the Ode trigger facilities to build the stock monitoring application. Our experiences with the performance and expressiveness of Ode triggers reveal advantages and limitations of the current system. Finally, we propose future work to remove the limitations. ©1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Towards bounded-latency Bluetooth Low Energy for in-vehicle network cable replacement (2013)

Vehicles today employ many different sensors to provide information such as tire pressure, proximity to objects and so on to Electronic Control Units for state maintenance and actuation functions. This has resulted in an increase in the number, weight and complexity of wiring as well as wiring harness for in-vehicle communication networks. Reducing the amount of cables will improve fuel efficiency; reduce cost of manufacturing and maintenance of vehicles greatly. Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is a great candidate for cable replacement given its supported data rates and widespread adoption in many markets. BLE device discovery is required to establish the presence of nodes within each other's communication range and begin reliable exchange of data. In our system, the nodes are the sensors and actuators. The fundamental problem in such device discovery is that energy consumption and discovery latency are inversely related. Therefore an efficient trade-off BLE connection setup that reduces energy-consumption while being able to provide worst-case discovery latency guarantees is critical especially in the automotive industry. We propose a mechanism that exploits Chinese Remainder Theorem (CRT) to provide worst-case latency guarantees during the connection setup phase of BLE devices. We provide the required modifications in BLE as well as provide evaluation results to show the improved performance. To the best of our knowledge this is the first work that considers providing bounded-latency connection setup for BLE devices using CRT and its application for automotive cable replacement.
Gray-Scale Controllable Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Spatial Light Modulator (1991)

A new optically addressed spatial light modulator (OASLM) with memorized gray-scale capability has been developed, which has potential application in analog optical computing. This OASLM exploits the occurrence of a gray-scale effect in the memory state of surface stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystal (SSFLC) cells when the SSFLC is oriented by ultra-thin polyimide Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films. 1) In the case of LB orientation films, the gray-scale can be attributed to the topography of the substrate ITO films which produces spatial fluctuation in the spontaneous polarization (multidomain). 2) The OASLM has many pixels, each corresponding to the smallest unit of the multidomain gray-scale. Because it is possible to add switching devices such as thin film transistors to the pixels, the OASLM has the potential of particularly designed functions. 3)
Wafer level encapsulation technology for MEMS devices using an HF-permeable PECVD SIOC capping layer (2008)

In this paper, a novel technology for the encapsulation of MEMS devices using a porous capping material is presented. The capping material consists of a low temperature PECVD layer of SiOC and is shown to be permeable to HF-vapor and H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O and therefore allows for removal of a SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> sacrificial layer. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that a cavity defined underneath the capping layer can be evacuated to allow for high-Q operation of a MEMS resonator. Finally, it is shown that a sealing layer can be deposited on top of the capping layer without contaminating the cavity.
Serological response patterns of melanoma patients immunized with a GM2 ganglioside conjugate vaccine. (1995)

Gangliosides, such as GM2, GD2, GD3, and 9-O-acetyl GD3, are receiving attention as targets for antibody-based and vaccine-based therapies of melanoma. GM2 appears to be a particularly immunogenic ganglioside in humans, as indicated by the presence of naturally occurring IgM anti-GM2 antibodies in approximately 5% of humans and the fact that immunization with irradiated GM2-expressing melanoma cells or purified GM2 adherent to bacillus Calmette-Guérin elicits GM2 antibodies of low to moderate titers in a high proportion of vaccinated patients. To develop vaccines that consistently induce high titers of IgM as well as IgG anti-GM2 antibodies, vaccines containing GM2 conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin as the carrier protein and QS-21 as the adjuvant have been constructed. The serological response of vaccinated patients was monitored by ELISA using purified GM2 ganglioside for IgM and IgG anti-GM2 antibodies and for GM2 cell surface-reactive antibodies by immune adherence assays and cytotoxic tests (IgM antibodies) and mixed hemadsorption assays (IgG antibodies). The majority of vaccinated patients developed IgM and IgG antibodies detectable by ELISA. In most cases, the results of IgM ELISA correlated with assays for cell surface-reactive IgM antibodies. This was not true for IgG anti-GM2 antibodies, where strong discrepancies were seen between high titers in ELISA and little or no reactivity in mixed hemadsorption tests for cell surface-reactive antibodies. These IgG antibodies (and the less frequent IgM antibodies that show similar discrepancies) may be directed against GM2 determinants that are buried, hidden, or not present on GM2-expressing target cells. With regard to a major objective of ganglioside vaccines--i.e., generation of cytotoxic antibodies--the GM2-keyhole limpet hemocyanin/QS-21 vaccine is clearly superior to the previously tested GM2/bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine. However, variability in patient response and lack of persistence of high-titered IgM cytotoxic antibodies in many patients are problems that remain to be solved.
A Law of Large Numbers for Identically Distributed Martingale Differences (1981)

The averages of an identically distributed martingale difference sequence converge in mean to zero, but the almost sure convergence of the averages characterizes $L \log L$ in the following sense: if the terms of an identically distributed martingale difference sequence are in $L \log L$, the averages converge to zero almost surely; but if $f$ is any integrable random variable with zero expectation which is not in $L \log L$, there is a martingale difference sequence whose terms have the same distributions as $f$ and whose averages diverge almost surely. The maximal function of the averages of an identically distributed martingale difference sequence is integrable if its terms are in $L \log L$; the converse is false.
Trustworthy Cyber Infrastructure for the Power Grid (TCIPG) Final Technical Report - November 20, 2015 (2015)

The Trustworthy Cyber Infrastructure for the Power Grid project (TCIPG) was funded by DOE and DHS for a period of performance that ran from October 1, 2009 to August 31 2015. The partnership included the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (lead institution) and partner institutions Arizona State University (replacing original partner UC Davis when faculty moved), Dartmouth College, and Washington State University. TCIPG was a unique public-private partnership of government, academia, and industry that was formed to meet the challenge of keeping our power grid secure. TCIPG followed from the earlier NSF-funded TCIP project, which kicked off in 2005. At that time, awareness of cyber security and resiliency in grid systems (and in control systems in general) was low, and the term “smart grid” was not in wide use. The original partnership was formed from a team of academic researchers with a shared vision for the importance of research in this area, and a commitment to producing more impactful results through early involvement of industry. From the TCIPG standpoint, “industry” meant both utilities (investor-owned as well as cooperatives and municipals) and system vendors (who sell technology to the utility sector). Although TCIPG was a university-led initiative, we have from the start stressed real-world impact and partnership with industry. That has led to real-world adoption of TCIPG technologies within the industry, achieving practical benefits. This report summarizes the achievements of TCIPG over its period of performance.
Robust Stability Analysis of LCL Filter Based Synchronverter Under Different Grid Conditions (2018)

Synchronverters have gained interest due to their capability of emulating synchronous machines, offering selfsynchronization to the grid. Despite the simplicity of the control structure, the adoption of an LCL filter makes the overall model complex again, posing questions regarding the tuning of the synchronverter and its robustness. The multi-inputs multi-outputs (MIMO) formulation of the problem requires multivariable analysis. In this paper, the effects of control parameter and grid conditions on the stability of the system are investigated by means of structured singular values (or μ-analysis). A step-by-step design procedure for the control is introduced based on a linearized small-signal model of the system. Then, the design repercussions on the stability performance are evaluated through the performed robustness analysis. The developed linearized model is validated against time-domain simulations and laboratory experiments. These have been carried out using a power hardware-in-the-loop test bench, which allows as to test the synchronverter under different grid conditions. As a conclusion, this paper offers a simple guide to tune synchronverters but also a theoretical solid framework to assess the robustness of the adopted design.
Modeling of field- and time-dependent resistance change phenomena under electrical stresses in Fe–O films (2010)

An electrical stress-induced resistance change in an Fe–O film was studied in detail. Under constant voltage stress (CVS) and constant current injection, the resistance of the Fe–O film abruptly increased. The observed time-to-resistance increase (tr) was found to depend on the applied voltage as well as on the injected current density. The total input energy until tr also depended on the applied voltage. From these observations, the mechanisms of resistance change are considered to obey a field-enhanced reaction, and this resistance increase is attributed to a high-resistive Fe–O layer formation at the interface between the anode electrode and the low-resistive Fe–O layer. We proposed a simplified two-step model for the time evolution of the current under CVS [ICVS(t)]. The predicted ICVS(t) showed a good agreement with experimental results. The model also explained the field dependence of tr.
Cell-free tumor DNA and TERT promoter mutations in bladder cancer. (2017)

353 Background: Currently, there are no FDA-approved blood biomarkers for the prognosis or prediction of outcomes in urothelial carcinoma (UC). The telomerase reverse transcriptase ( TERT) promoter is recurrently mutated at high frequency in UC (50%). These mutations have been correlated with tumor recurrence and survival. Tumor cell-free DNA (cfDNA) with somatic genomic alterations can be found in the plasma of cancer patients and has the potential for use as a non-invasive cancer biomarker. Detection of TERT promoter mutations in cfDNA might be used as a prognostic tool to monitor disease outcome in UC patients. We set out to detect tumor cfDNA and TERT promoter mutations in cfDNA from patients with UC at different stages. Methods: UC patients receiving chemotherapy in the neoadjuvant, first or second-line metastatic setting had blood collected either before or during therapy. cfDNA was isolated from ~1ml plasma samples using the QIAmp (Qiagen) kit. Samples underwent ultra-low pass whole genome sequencing (ULP-WGS) to determine whether tumor cfDNA could be detected in these samples. TERT promoter mutations were detected using a sensitive qPCR assay. Results: 40 plasma samples from a total of 32 patients with urothelial carcinoma were analyzed. Sufficient amounts of plasma cfDNA were obtained for library construction and ULP-WGS in 11 patients. 6 of these 11 patients were determined to be positive for detectable tumor cfDNA and of these, all were metastatic and 50% (3/6) were positive for a TERT promoter mutation. In total, 8 out of 40 samples (20%) were positive for a TERT promoter mutation, including samples from two patients where total cfDNA yield was insufficient for library construction. A total of ~20% of patients with metastatic disease were positive for TERT promoter mutations in cfDNA. The low percentage of samples having sufficient cfDNA most likely reflects the low volume of plasma used. Conclusions: TERT promoter mutations were identified in cfDNA of UC patients. ULP-WGS showed tumor cfDNA in patients with a high tumor burden and metastatic disease. TERTpromoter mutations in cfDNA could potentially be used as a non-invasive method for detection of disease. These results have implications for the use of cfDNA in the evaluation of advanced UC.