gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The optimum comb method of pitch period analysis of continuous digitized speech (1974)

A new method of tracking the fundamental frequency of voiced speech is described. The method is shown to be of similar accuracy as the Cepstrum technique. Since the method involves only additions, no multiplication, it is shown to be faster than the SIFT algorithm. The basis of the method is searching for a minimum in the magnitude of the difference between a speech segment and a delayed speech segment. This is shown to be equivalent to selecting the comb filter which best annihilates the input signal.
Globularity‐Selected Large Molecules for a New Generation of Multication Perovskites (2017)

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) use perovskites with an APbX<sub>3</sub> structure, where A is a monovalent cation and X is a halide such as Cl, Br, and/or I. Currently, the cations for high-efficiency PSCs are Rb, Cs, methylammonium (MA), and/or formamidinium (FA). Molecules larger than FA, such as ethylammonium (EA), guanidinium (GA), and imidazolium (IA), are usually incompatible with photoactive "black"-phase perovskites. Here, novel molecular descriptors for larger molecular cations are introduced using a "globularity factor", i.e., the discrepancy of the molecular shape and an ideal sphere. These cationic radii differ significantly from previous reports, showing that especially ethylammonium (EA) is only slightly larger than FA. This makes EA a suitable candidate for multication 3D perovskites that have potential for unexpected and beneficial properties (suppressing halide segregation, stability). This approach is tested experimentally showing that surprisingly large quantities of EA get incorporated, in contrast to most previous reports where only small quantities of larger molecular cations can be tolerated as "additives". MA/EA perovskites are characterized experimentally with a band gap ranging from 1.59 to 2.78 eV, demonstrating some of the most blue-shifted PSCs reported to date. Furthermore, one of the compositions, MA<sub>0.5</sub> EA<sub>0.5</sub> PbBr<sub>3</sub> , shows an open circuit voltage of 1.58 V, which is the highest to date with a conventional PSC architecture.
Engineering an anti-HER2 biparatopic antibody with a multimodal mechanism of action (2021)

The receptor tyrosine kinase HER2 acts as oncogenic driver in numerous cancers. Usually, the gene is amplified, resulting in receptor overexpression, massively increased signaling and unchecked proliferation. However, tumors become frequently addicted to oncogenes and hence are druggable by targeted interventions. Here, we design an anti-HER2 biparatopic and tetravalent IgG fusion with a multimodal mechanism of action. The molecule first induces HER2 clustering into inactive complexes, evidenced by reduced mobility of surface HER2. However, in contrast to our earlier binders based on DARPins, clusters of HER2 are thereafter robustly internalized and quantitatively degraded. This multimodal mechanism of action is found only in few of the tetravalent constructs investigated, which must target specific epitopes on HER2 in a defined geometric arrangement. The inhibitory effect of our antibody as single agent surpasses the combination of trastuzumab and pertuzumab as well as its parental mAbs in vitro and it is effective in a xenograft model.
Inhibition of IL‐13‐induced periostin in airway epithelium attenuates cellular protein expression of MUC5AC (2016)

Periostin production in differentiated airway cells is mediated by JAK/STAT6 and MEK/ERK pathways. Periostin secretion is much greater from immunologically active goblet cells. IL-13-driven mucin production is partially inhibited by OC-20.
Forces on three-level atoms including trapped-state contribution (1991)

In this paper we present a new calculation of the force on a stationary three-level atom in a bichromatic standing-wave light field (see Fig. 1). Contrary to other theoretical treatments,1 which ignore optical pumping into the trapped state, we find that a stationary atom experiences no force when there is no difference frequency detuning (i.e., when Δ = 0). However, when there is a nonzero differential detuning (Δ ≠ 0) there can be force components that vary in both the wavelength of the optical fields and their beat wavelength. This stimulated force can be much larger than the maximum spontaneous force associated with this system. To obtain a simple physical interpretation of this force, the problem is treated in a basis that is formed from symmetric |+〉 and antisymmetric |−〉 linear combinations of the atomic ground states2 (see Fig. 1).
Simultaneous Analysis of Spatio-Temporal Gene Expression for Cephamycin Biosynthesis in Streptomyces clavuligerus (2001)

Linkage between structural and regulatory genes implies that a direct correlation should exist between the spatio-temporal distribution of their expression. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) and cyan fluorescent protein (CFP) were used as reporters to analyze simultaneously expression of lysine-epsilon-aminotransferase (LAT) and its corresponding genetic regulator, CcaR. The isogenic strain containing lat::gfp and ccaR::cfp in the chromosome produced cephamycin C at levels similar to wild type Streptomyces clavuligerus. Confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed that expression of both LAT and CcaR in liquid culture was temporally dynamic and spatially heterogeneous in S. clavuligerus mycelia. During the early culture stage only a part of the mycelia began to express LAT and CcaR at low levels. As the culture aged, expression levels and the population of mycelia expressing LAT and CcaR increased and were followed late in the growth cycle by a reduction of the mycelia population expressing LAT and CcaR. The approach provides a precise simultaneous temporal-spatial expression profile and corroborates the regulatory linkage between ccaR and lat in S. clavuligerus.
Report on the XBase Project (2010)

This project addressed the conceptual fundamentals of data storage, investigating techniques for provision of highly generic storage facilities that can be tailored to produce various individually customised storage infrastructures, compliant to the needs of particular applications. This requires the separation of mechanism and policy wherever possible. Aspirations include: actors, whether users or individual processes, should be able to bind to, update and manipulate data and programs transparently with respect to their respective locations; programs should be expressed independently of the storage and network technology involved in their execution; storage facilities should be structure-neutral so that actors can impose multiple interpretations over information, simultaneously and safely; information should not be discarded so that arbitrary historical views are supported; raw stored information should be open to all; where security restrictions on its use are required this should be achieved using cryptographic techniques. The key advances of the research were: 1) the identification of a candidate set of minimal storage system building blocks, which are sufficiently simple to avoid encapsulating policy where it cannot be customised by applications, and composable to build highly flexible storage architectures 2) insight into the nature of append-only storage components, and the issues arising from their application to common storage use-cases.
Synthesis and optimisation using the Genetic Algorithm (GA) of straight and curved evanescent microwave filters (2004)

This paper describes a whole process applied to synthesize and optimize microwave filters with the Genetic Algorithm (GA). This process does not require an a-priori knowledge of the couplings involved. It relies on electromagnetic analysis based on a general moment method and coupled with a Genetic Algorithm based optimization technique. Applications of this process are shown. Straight evanescent-mode waveguide filters with dielectric inserts able to produce zero transmission have been chosen. This process shows that it is also possible to synthesize and optimize curved evanescent microwave filters without dielectric inserts. Such filters are useful in high-power transmissions.
Time resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy of surface-plasmon-enhanced light emission from conjugate polymers (2006)

The authors have experimentally verified that the light emission from conjugated polymers can be enhanced through the use of surface plasmon coupling layers. Carrier dynamics of such plasmon-enhanced organic light emitters were studied and a recombination rate increase due to surface plasmon polaritons was experimentally observed. Internal quantum efficiency data from the polyfluorenes studied follow the trend supported by the time resolved photoluminescence measurements.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Basal Subtype and MAPK/ERK Kinase (MEK)-Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Feedback Signaling Determine Susceptibility of Breast Cancer Cells to MEK Inhibition (2023)

Supplementary Figure 2 from Basal Subtype and MAPK/ERK Kinase (MEK)-Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Feedback Signaling Determine Susceptibility of Breast Cancer Cells to MEK Inhibition
Optimum intermediate fibers for reducing interconnection loss: exact solution (2007)

We derive an exact analytical solution for a transmission line of N single-mode intermediate optical fibers that minimize the interconnection loss between any two dissimilar fiber modes that are well described by that paraxial scalar wave equation. Our solution shows that N optimum intermediate fibers reduce the original interconnection loss by a factor of least 1/(N+1) and that the total interconnection loss is only a function of N and the original direct interconnection loss. Our solution is not restricted to axisymmetric fibers or mode fields and therefore could be useful for reducing the interconnection loss between microstructured optical fibers, between certain slab waveguides, or between fibers and optical sources or detectors.
Muscle injuries and repair: current trends in research. (2002)

After injury, muscle healing occurs through different phases, including (1) degeneration and inflammation, (2) muscle regeneration, and (3) development of fibrosis.

The severity and type of muscle injury influence the healing process.

Enhancement of muscle regeneration and prevention of muscle fibrosis can improve muscle healing.

Growth factors, including basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and nerve growth factor (NGF), can improve muscle regeneration, but the post-injury healing process remains incomplete.

The use of anti-fibrosis agents that antagonize the effect of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) can prevent fibrosis and improve muscle healing, resulting in nearly complete recovery.

Optimal muscle recovery may require the use of novel technologies, such as gene therapy and tissue engineering, to achieve both high levels and long-term persistence of these growth factors and cytokines within the injured muscle.

Muscle injury presents a challenging problem in traumatology, as injured muscles heal very slowly and often with incomplete functional recovery. It has been observed that injured muscles can initiate regeneration promptly, but the healing process is often inefficient and hindered by the formation of scar tissue, which may contribute to the tendency for muscle injury to recur. The enhancement of muscle regeneration and the prevention of muscle fibrosis through the use of biological approaches are being investigated in an effort to improve muscle healing after injury. In this Current Concepts Review, we will outline the structure and histological organization of skeletal muscle and describe the basic physiology of skeletal muscle contraction. We will subsequently summarize the biological and pathological processes that occur in skeletal muscle after injury (i.e., degeneration, inflammation, regeneration, and fibrosis) and present the clinical treatments currently available for injured skeletal muscle. Finally, we will discuss current trends in research, which include the improvement of regeneration and the inhibition of fibrosis in injured skeletal …
12th Workshop of the Central European Division e.V. of the International Isotope Society (2004)

Abstract V Snieckus [Queen's University, Canada]— The Directed Ortho Metalation — Cross Coupling Symbiosis in Aromatic Synthesis . N Geach , GP Randall , CJ Winfield [Scynexis, UK]— Isotopically Labelled 4‐Formylimidazole . A Studer [Marburg University, Germany]— New Concepts in Tin‐Free Radical Chemistry . AC Spivey, C Noban [Imperial College London, UK]. T Jones [Sheffield University, UK], GJ Ellames , A Kohler [Sanofi‐Synthélabo, UK], H Wadsworth [Amersham Biosciences, UK]— Opportunities for Isotope Labelling via Solid Phase Synthesis with Organogermanium Linkers . J Rieke‐Zapp [Aventis Pharma, Germany]— Optimization of Reaction Conditions on mg‐Scale by Use of Screening Devices . S Stone‐Elander [Karolinska Institute, Sweden]— Rerouting Radiochemistry with Microwaves . J Goehl , B Perry , D Leuck , J Windels , M Marx [EaglePicher Pharmaceutical, USA]— GMP and Radiolabelled Syntheses of Capsaicin . J Krüger , B Manmontri , G Fels [Paderborn University, Germany]— H/D ‐ Exchange in Aromatic Systems Using Transition Metal Catalysis . F Wüst , T Kniess , R Bergmann [Research Centre Rossendorf, Germany]— Synthesis of a 11 C‐Labelled Nonsteroidal Glucocorticoid Receptor Ligand as Potential Radiotracer for Imaging Brain Glucocorticoid Receptors with Positron Emission Tomography (PET) . P Mäding , F Füchtner [Research Centre Rossendorf, Germany], CS Hilger [Schering AG, Germany]. M Halks‐Miller , R Horuk [Berlix Biosciences, USA]— 18 F‐Labelling of a Potent Nonpeptide CCR1 Antagonist for the Diagnosis of the Alzheimer's Disease . L Matei, C Postolache, V Fugaru, E Condac, A Dinischiotu, M Costache [Bukarest University, Romania]— Use of [1,2‐ 3 H] Testosterone in 5α‐ Reductase Enzymatic Activity Dosing in Dermal Fibroblast Cultures from Polycystic Ovarian Patients . L Matei, C Postolache, V Fugaru [Bukarest University, Romania]— Synthesis and Stability Studies of Acyclovir Labelled with Tritium . J Atzrodt , V Derdau [Aventis Pharma, Germany]— Studies on Directed Ortho‐Metalation (DoM) as Convenient Tool for the Synthesis of Labeled Compounds .
1.7 kHz RF linewidth III-V-on-silicon mode-locked laser (2015)

For the first time we demonstrate an anti-colliding mode-locked laser implemented on a III-V-on-silicon platform. In passive mode-locked operation a 1.7kHz 3dB linewidth of the fundamental RF tone at 4.83GHz is obtained.
Application of Common Midpoint Gathers to Medical Pulse-Echo Ultrasound for Optimal Coherence and Improved Sound Speed Estimation in Layered Media (2020)

In seismic imaging, common midpoint (CMP) gathers are collections of time-series data organized by source-receiver pairs having a common midpoint. CMP gathers have been used in geophysics to image the subsurface of the Earth and estimate wave velocity as a function of depth. According to the Van Cittert-Zernike (VCZ) theorem, if the signals from a CMP gather are focused using an ideal set of delays based on the true speed of sound in the medium, there should be a perfect correlation between any two signals in the CMP gather in the absence of noise. In ultrasound imaging, Walker et al. have applied this concept to translating transmit and receive apertures. The goal of this work is to apply CMP gathers to pulse-echo ultrasound imaging in order to improve coherence-based sound speed estimation in layered media.
One-Pot Synthesis of Ruthenium-Based Nanocatalyst Using Reduced Graphene Oxide as Matrix for Electrochemical Synthesis of Ammonia (2022)

Conventional ammonia production consumes significant energy and causes enormous carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) emissions globally. To lower energy consumption and mitigate CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, a facile, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective one-pot method for the synthesis of a ruthenium-based nitrogen reduction nanocatalyst has been developed using reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as a matrix. The nanocatalyst synthesis was based on a single-step simultaneous reduction of RuCl<sub>3</sub> into ruthenium-based nanoparticles (Ru-based NPs) and graphene oxide (GO) into rGO using glucose as the reducing agent and stabilizer. The obtained ruthenium-based nanocatalyst with rGO as a matrix (Ru<sub>nano</sub>-based/rGO) has shown much higher catalytic activity at lower temperatures and pressures for ammonia synthesis than conventional iron catalysts. The rGO worked as a promising promoter for the electrochemical synthesis of ammonia due to its excellent electrical and thermal conductivity. The developed Ru<sub>nano</sub>-based/rGO nanocatalyst was characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results demonstrated that the size of the Ru-based NPs on the surface of rGO was 1.9 ± 0.2 nm and the ruthenium content was 25.03 wt %. Bulk electrolysis measurements were conducted on thin-layer electrodes at various cathodic potentials in a N<sub>2</sub>-saturated 0.1 M H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> electrolyte at room temperature. From the chronoamperometric measurements, the maximum faradic efficiency (F.E.) of 2.1% for ammonia production on the nanostructured Ru<sub>nano</sub>-based/rGO electrocatalyst was achieved at a potential of -0.20 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). This electrocatalyst has attained a superior ammonia production rate of 9.14 μg·h<sup>-1</sup>·mg<sub>cat.</sub><sup>-1</sup>. The results demonstrate the feasibility of reducing N<sub>2</sub> into ammonia under ambient conditions and warrant further exploration of the nanostructured Ru<sub>nano</sub>-based/rGO for electrochemical ammonia synthesis.
Unexpected photochemistry and charge-transfer complexes of [CB11H12]−carborane (2008)

Although the [CB(11)H(12)](-) carborane does not exhibit an absorption band in UV, its triplet excited state can be generated upon 308 nm laser excitation; also unexpectedly carborane acts as electron donor forming a charge transfer complex with methylviologen that upon illumination gives rise to viologen radical cation.
Orphan Nuclear Receptor Nur77 Translocates to Mitochondria in the Early Phase of Apoptosis Induced by Synthetic Chenodeoxycholic Acid Derivatives in Human Stomach Cancer Cell Line SNU‐1 (2003)

Apoptosis-inducing activity of synthetic CDCA derivatives, HS-1199 and HS-1200, on gastric cancer cell line SNU-1 cells was explored. CDCA derivatives demonstrated various apoptosis hallmarks, such as mitochondrial changes, activation of caspase, DNA fragmentation, and nuclear condensation. Importantly, the orphan receptor Nur77 (TR3) was shown to translocate from the nucleus to mitochondria at the early time points after CDCA derivatives treatment. These data support the theory that CDCA derivatives-induced apoptosis of SNU-1 gastric cancer cell lines is mediated by mitochondria and caspase, and, at least in part, by Nur77.
Real time dynamic strain monitoring of optical links using the backreflection of live PSK data (2016)

A major cause of faults in optical communication links is related to unintentional third party intrusions (normally related to civil/agricultural works) causing fiber breaks or cable damage. These intrusions could be anticipated and avoided by monitoring the dynamic strain recorded along the cable. In this work, a novel technique is proposed to implement real-time distributed strain sensing in parallel with an operating optical communication channel. The technique relies on monitoring the Rayleigh backscattered light from optical communication data transmitted using standard modulation formats. The system is treated as a phase-sensitive OTDR (ΦOTDR) using random and non-periodical non-return-to-zero (NRZ) phase-shift keying (PSK) pulse coding. An I/Q detection unit allows for a full (amplitude, phase and polarization) characterization of the backscattered optical signal, thus achieving a fully linear system in terms of ΦOTDR trace coding/decoding. The technique can be used with different modulation formats, and operation using 4 Gbaud single-polarization dual PSK and 4 Gbaud dual-polarization quadrature PSK is demonstrated. As a proof of concept, distributed sensing of dynamic strain with a sampling of 125 kHz and a spatial resolution of 2.5 cm (set by the bit size) over 500 m is demonstrated for applied sinusoidal strain signals of 500 Hz. The limitations and possibilities for improvement of the technique are also discussed.
Cleaning and decontamination efficacy of wiping cloths and silver dihydrogen citrate on food contact surfaces (2012)

Contaminated food contact surfaces need regular hygiene monitoring. This study could help to estimate and establish contamination thresholds for surfaces at public sector facilities and to base the effectiveness of cleaning methods.
Sequential diastereoselective addition and palladium(II)-catalyzed allylic acetate transposition of syn- and anti-.alpha.-acetoxy-.beta.-silyl-(E)-hex-4-enoates with achiral acetals. Asymmetric synthesis of differentiated syn and anti 1,3-diol synthons (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSequential diastereoselective addition and palladium(II)-catalyzed allylic acetate transposition of syn- and anti-.alpha.-acetoxy-.beta.-silyl-(E)-hex-4-enoates with achiral acetals. Asymmetric synthesis of differentiated syn and anti 1,3-diol synthonsJames S. Panek, Michael Yang, and Jason S. SolomonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 5, 1003–1010Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00057a008https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00057a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views717Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts