gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Manufacturing Layered Attenuators for Multiple Prescribed Shadow Images (2012)

Abstract We present a practical and inexpensive method for creating physical objects that cast different color shadow images when illuminated by prescribed lighting configurations. The input to our system is a number of lighting configurations and corresponding desired shadow images. Our approach computes attenuation masks, which are then printed on transparent materials and stacked to form a single multi‐layer attenuator. When illuminated with the input lighting configurations, this multi‐layer attenuator casts the prescribed color shadow images. Alternatively, our method can compute layers so that their permutations produce different prescribed shadow images under fixed lighting. Each multi‐layer attenuator is quick and inexpensive to produce, can generate multiple full‐color shadows, and can be designed to respond to different types of natural or synthetic lighting setups. We illustrate the effectiveness of our multi‐layer attenuators in simulation and in reality, with the sun as a light source.
Monitoring groundwater‐surface water interaction using time‐series and time‐frequency analysis of transient three‐dimensional electrical resistivity changes (2012)

Time‐lapse resistivity imaging is increasingly used to monitor hydrologic processes. Compared to conventional hydrologic measurements, surface time‐lapse resistivity provides superior spatial coverage in two or three dimensions, potentially high‐resolution information in time, and information in the absence of wells. However, interpretation of time‐lapse electrical tomograms is complicated by the ever‐increasing size and complexity of long‐term, three‐dimensional (3‐D) time series conductivity data sets. Here we use 3‐D surface time‐lapse electrical imaging to monitor subsurface electrical conductivity variations associated with stage‐driven groundwater‐surface water interactions along a stretch of the Columbia River adjacent to the Hanford 300 near Richland, Washington, USA. We reduce the resulting 3‐D conductivity time series using both time‐series and time‐frequency analyses to isolate a paleochannel causing enhanced groundwater‐surface water interactions. Correlation analysis on the time‐lapse imaging results concisely represents enhanced groundwater‐surface water interactions within the paleochannel, and provides information concerning groundwater flow velocities. Time‐frequency analysis using the Stockwell (S) transform provides additional information by identifying the stage periodicities driving groundwater‐surface water interactions due to upstream dam operations, and identifying segments in time‐frequency space when these interactions are most active. These results provide new insight into the distribution and timing of river water intrusion into the Hanford 300 Area, which has a governing influence on the behavior of a uranium plume left over from historical nuclear fuel processing operations.
Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Environmentally Benign Silicone Foam Filled with Wollastonite (2020)

In recent times, polymeric foams have been popularly used in various applications. To meet the demand for these applications, polymer foams with excellent mechanical and thermal properties are required. In particular, silicone foam has gained significant attention owing to its superior thermal properties and low density. In this study, the mechanical and thermal properties of silicone foams filled with wollastonite were investigated. A maximum tensile strength of 98.3 kPa was obtained by adding 15 phr of wollastonite. The specific gravity did not exhibit a marked difference up to 10 phr, but it increased substantially above 15 phr wollastonite. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated that adding wollastonite to the silicone foam increased both the amount of residue and the thermal decomposition temperature. The morphologies of the silicone foams filled with wollastonite were observed by scanning electron microscopy.
ABSORPTION OF ORAL DIPHOSPHONATE IN NORMAL SUBJECTS (1986)

Absorption of the diphosphonate etidronate (HEDP) was measured in 20 volunteer subjects at two centres (Glasgow and Madison) using a new method based on simultaneous administration of HEDP and intravenous 99mTc-HEDP (Osteoscan). The mean absorption of HEDP in fasting subjects in Glasgow was 3.5% (range 1-8.9%) and in Madison 1.5% (0.7-2.8%) (P less than 0.035). In four subjects studies were repeated with good agreement between results (mean 3.9 cf. 3.5%). Six subjects had studies repeated when drug was ingested with food and in all cases absorption was effectively reduced to zero. We conclude that absorption of HEDP is significantly higher in normal subjects in Glasgow than in Madison. This may be of importance with regard to the finding of histological osteomalacia and fracture associated with HEDP use in Glasgow.
A Side‐Chain Defunctionalization Approach Yields a Polymer Electrochrome Spray‐Processable from Water (2010)

A π-conjugated electrochromic polymer (ECP) with alkyl ester side-chains is synthesized and subsequently defunctionalized to yield a polyionic salt readily soluble in water and further spray-processable from water. Upon neutralization, the defunctionalized polymer backbone recovers its electrochromic properties. The ability to print- or spray-process π-conjugated ECPs from aqueous media offers a sustainable alternative to traditional organic solvent-processing methods and could impact the development of non-emissive flexible display technologies. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Demonstration of a Genetic Therapeutic Index for Tumors Expressing Oncogenic <i>BRAF</i> by the Kinase Inhibitor SB-590885 (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1 from Demonstration of a Genetic Therapeutic Index for Tumors Expressing Oncogenic &lt;i&gt;BRAF&lt;/i&gt; by the Kinase Inhibitor SB-590885
Prep1 regulates angiogenesis through a PGC‐1α‐mediated mechanism (2019)

Angiogenesis depends on a delicate balance between the different transcription factors, and their control should be considered necessary for preventing or treating diseases. Pre-B-cell leukemia transcription factor regulating protein 1 (Prep1) is a homeodomain transcription factor that plays a primary role in organogenesis and metabolism. Observations performed in a <i>Prep1</i> hypomorphic mouse model, expressing 3-5% of the protein, show an increase of embryonic lethality due, in part, to defects in angiogenesis. In this study, we provide evidence that overexpression of <i>Prep1</i> in mouse aortic endothelial cells (MAECs) stimulates migration, proliferation, and tube formation. These effects are paralleled by an increase of several proangiogenic factors and by a decrease of the antiangiogenic gene neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 1 (Notch1). Prep1-mediated angiogenesis involves the activation of the p160 Myb-binding protein (p160)/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) pathway. Indeed, <i>Prep1</i> overexpression increases its binding with p160 and induces a 4-fold increase of p160 and 70% reduction of PGC-1α compared with control cells. Incubation of MAECs with a synthetic Prep1(54-72) peptide, mimicking the Prep1 region involved in the interaction with p160, reverts the proangiogenic effects mediated by Prep1. In addition, Prep1 levels increase by 3.2-fold during the fibroblast growth factor β (bFGF)-mediated endothelial colony-forming cells' activation, whereas Prep1(54-72) peptide reduces the capability of these cells to generate tubular-like structures in response to bFGF, suggesting a possible role of Prep1 both in angiogenesis from preexisting vessels and in postnatal vasculogenesis. Finally, <i>Prep1</i> hypomorphic heterozygous mice, expressing low levels of Prep1, show attenuated placental angiogenesis and vessel formation within Matrigel plugs. All of these observations indicate that Prep1, complexing with p160, decreases PGC-1α and stimulates angiogenesis.-Cimmino, I., Margheri, F., Prisco, F., Perruolo, G., D'Esposito, V., Laurenzana, A., Fibbi, G., Paciello, O., Doti, N., Ruvo, M., Miele, C., Beguinot, F., Formisano, P., Oriente, F. Prep1 regulates angiogenesis through a PGC-1α-mediated mechanism.
A Structured Approach to Channel Estimation and Interference Rejection in Multichannel Systems (1999)

A Structured Approach to Channel Estimation and Interference Rejection in Multichannel Systems
Prognostyczne i terapeutyczne implikacje zaburzeń genetycznych w dzieciącej ostrej białaczce limfoblastycznej (2011)

Do transformacji nowotworowej w ostrej bialaczce limfoblastycznej (ALL) dochodzi wskutek co najmniej dwoch nastepujących po sobie mutacji, ktore wspolnie inicjują i promują leukemogeneze. Spektrum zaburzen struktury zmutowanych genow obejmuje zarowno mutacje
punktowe, jak i pekniecia dwuniciowego DNA, prowadzące do translokacji, delecji, inwersji
lub duplikacji regionu kodującego. Niektore spośrod odkrytych zaburzen w genomie limfoblast
ow mają niezalezne znaczenie prognostyczne stratyfikujące ryzyko niepowodzenia terapii
w dzieciecej ALL. W niniejszej pracy omowiono je wraz ze wskazaniem potencjalnych implikacji
terapeutycznych opartych na mechanizmach molekularnych
 Hematologia 2011; 2, 1: 4350
Inhibitory Effects of the Two Novel TSPO Ligands 2-Cl-MGV-1 and MGV-1 on LPS-induced Microglial Activation (2019)

The 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO) ligands 2-Cl-MGV-1 and MGV-1 can attenuate cell death of astrocyte-like cells (U118MG) and induce differentiation of neuronal progenitor cells (PC-12). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a bacterial membrane endotoxin that activates cellular inflammatory pathways by releasing pro-inflammatory molecules, including cytokines and chemokines. The aim of the present study was to assess the immuno-modulatory effect of TSPO ligands in activated microglial cells. We demonstrated that the TSPO ligands 2-Cl-MGV-1 and MGV-1 can prevent LPS-induced activation of microglia (BV-2 cell line). Co-treatment of LPS (100 ng/mL) with these TSPO ligands (final concentration- 25 µM) reduces significantly the LPS-induced release of interleukin-6 (IL-6) from 16.9-fold to 2.5-fold, IL-β from 8.3-fold to 1.6-fold, interferon-γ from 16.0-fold to 2.2-fold, and tumor necrosis factor-α from 16.4-fold to 1.8-fold. This anti-inflammatory activity seems to be achieved by inhibition of NF-κB p65 activation. Assessment of initiation of ROS generation and cell metabolism shows significant protective effects of these two novel TSPO ligands. The IL-10 and IL-13 levels were not affected by any of the TSPO ligands. Thus, it appears that the ligands suppress the LPS-induced activation of some inflammatory responses of microglia. Such immunomodulatory effects may be relevant to the pharmacotherapy of neuro-inflammatory diseases.
A new field scaling interpretation of Berenger's PML and its comparison to other PML formulations (1997)

A new interpretation of Berenger's perfectly matched layer (PML) equations is presented in this paper. This new formulation is based on field scaling rather than coordinate stretching, and is derived from an unsplit form of Berenger's PML equations. It is demonstrated how the field scaling approach may be used to develop a methodology for unifying the Berenger and the anisotropic PML formulations. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 16: 103–106, 1997.
A Trajectory Shaping Approach for Suppressing the Fundamental Vibratory Mode in Strain Wave Gearing Mechanisms (2013)

While strain wave gearing mechanisms, such as harmonic drives, have many practical benefits when properly utilized, they also create challenging problems for control engineers. Namely, these flexible gear reduction mechanisms can create output vibrations which cannot be directly measured or controlled by the actuator. In this paper, an input shaping approach will be proposed to pre-compensate the desired output trajectory to account for the transmission dynamics such that the system’s actual output will follow the original desired trajectory. Several system parameters need to be empirically identified prior to using the proposed procedure. This identification process will also be outlined. Both simulation and experimental results on a 6 degree of freedom industrial robot will be provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Identification of a new cancer/testis gene family, CT47, among expressed multicopy genes on the human X chromosome (2005)

Cancer/testis (CT) genes are normally expressed in germ cells only, yet are reactivated and expressed in some tumors. Of the approximately 40 CT genes or gene families identified to date, 20 are on the X chromosome and are present as multigene families, many with highly conserved members. This indicates that novel CT gene families may be identified by detecting duplicated expressed genes on chromosome X. By searching for transcript clusters that map to multiple locations on the chromosome, followed by in silico analysis of their gene expression profiles, we identified five novel gene families with testis-specific expression and >98% sequence identity among family members. The expression of these genes in normal tissues and various tumor cell lines and specimens was evaluated by qualitative and quantitative RT-PCR, and a novel CT gene family with at least 13 copies was identified on Xq24, designated as CT47. mRNA expression of CT47 was found mainly in the testes, with weak expression in the placenta. Brain tissue was the only positive somatic tissue tested, with an estimated CT47 transcript level 0.09% of that found in testis. Among the tumor specimens tested, CT47 expression was found in approximately 15% of lung cancer and esophageal cancer specimens, but not in colorectal cancer or breast cancer. The putative CT47 protein consists of 288 amino acid residues, with a C-terminus rich in alanine and glutamic acid. The only species other than human in which a gene homologous to CT47 has been detected is the chimpanzee, with the predicted protein showing approximately 80% identity in its carboxy terminal region.
Mammographic Breast Density and Breast Cancer: Evidence of a Shared Genetic Basis (2012)

Percent mammographic breast density (PMD) is a strong heritable risk factor for breast cancer. However, the pathways through which this risk is mediated are still unclear. To explore whether PMD and breast cancer have a shared genetic basis, we identified genetic variants most strongly associated with PMD in a published meta-analysis of five genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and used these to construct risk scores for 3,628 breast cancer cases and 5,190 controls from the UK2 GWAS of breast cancer. The signed per-allele effect estimates of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were multiplied with the respective allele counts in the individual and summed over all SNPs to derive the risk score for an individual. These scores were included as the exposure variable in a logistic regression model with breast cancer case-control status as the outcome. This analysis was repeated using 10 different cutoff points for the most significant density SNPs (1%-10% representing 5,222-50,899 SNPs). Permutation analysis was also conducted across all 10 cutoff points. The association between risk score and breast cancer was significant for all cutoff points from 3% to 10% of top density SNPs, being most significant for the 6% (2-sided P = 0.002) to 10% (P = 0.001) cutoff points (overall permutation P = 0.003). Women in the top 10% of the risk score distribution had a 31% increased risk of breast cancer [OR = 1.31; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.08-1.59] compared with women in the bottom 10%. Together, our results show that PMD and breast cancer have a shared genetic basis that is mediated through a large number of common variants.
Anti-Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Monoclonal Antibody Cetuximab Augments Radiation Effects in Glioblastoma Multiforme in Vitro and in Vivo (2005)

These results were encouraging, demonstrating the effectiveness of cetuximab against EGFR-amplified GBM. Surprisingly, cetuximab was effective when administered systemically in an intracranial model. Radiation augmented the effect of cetuximab on GBM in vitro and in vivo. In vitro analysis demonstrated additive effects for chemotherapeutic agents as well. These results confirm EGFR blockade with cetuximab as a potential treatment against human GBM.
High Speed Optical Coherence Tomography (1996)

We present an Optical Coherence Tomography system capable of high speed imaging using a piezoelectric optical fiber stretcher to produce the reference arm optical delay and a KLM Cr: Forsterite 1300 nm solid state laser as the optical source. The OCT system produces 3 × 2.2 mm images at four frames per second with an axial resolution of 15 µm and a signal to noise ratio of 112 dB.
Silicon Photonic Micro-Transceivers for Beyond 5G Environments (2021)

Here, we report on the design and performance of a silicon photonic micro-transceiver required to operate in 5G and 6G environments at high ambient temperatures above 105 °C. The four-channel “IOCore” micro-transceiver incorporates a 1310 nm quantum dot laser system and operates at a data rate of 25 Gbps and higher. The 5 × 5 mm micro-transceiver chip benefits from a multimode coupling interface for low-cost assembly and robust connectivity at high temperatures as well as an optical redundancy scheme, which increases reliability by over an order of magnitude.
Prevalence and risk factors for epiretinal membrane: the Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Disease study (2016)

ERM is common in Asians, particularly among Chinese. Older age is the most consistent risk factor for any ERM, and previous cataract surgery and diabetic retinopathy are the strongest risk factors for secondary ERM.
Short Hairpin RNA Screen Indicates That Klotho Beta/FGF19 Protein Overcomes Stasis in Human Colonic Epithelial Cells (2011)

Normal human colonic epithelial cells (HCECs) are not immortalized by telomerase alone but also require CDK4. Some human cell types growth-arrest due to stress- or aberrant signaling-induced senescence (stasis). Stasis represents the consequences of growth conditions culture that are inadequate to maintain long-term proliferation. Overexpressed CDK4 titers out p16 and allows cells to ignore the growth arrest signals produced by stasis. To identify factors contributing to the inadequate culture environment, we used a 62,000-member shRNA library to knock down factors cooperating with human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) in the immortalization of HCECs. Knockdown of Klotho gamma (KLG; also known as KLPH and LCTL) allowed hTERT to immortalize HCECs. KLG is one isoform of the Klotho family of factors that coordinate interaction between different FGF ligands and the FGF receptor. We also found that knockdown of KLG induced another member of the Klotho family, Klotho beta (KLB). Induction of KLB was maintained and could activate ERK1/2 in immortalized cells. Supplementation of the culture medium with the KLB ligand FGF19 had a similar effect on hTERT-expressing HCECs as knockdown of KLG regarding both immortalization and down-regulation of the tumor suppressor Klotho alpha. Together, these data suggest that KLB is an important regulator in the immortalization of HCECs by facilitating FGF19 growth factor signaling.
Dynamic Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (DSIMS) (2016)

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy’s Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.
Methodology for the Digital Calibration of Analog Circuits and Systems Using Sub-binary Radix DACs (2009)

This paper presents a methodology for digitally calibrating analog circuits and systems. Based on the detection of an imperfection by a simple comparator, a successive approximations algorithm tunes a compensation current. The latter is generated by a sub-binary radix M/2(+)M DAC, which has the advantage of allowing reaching arbitrarily high resolutions at the cost of extremely small area. The methodology proposed allows the removal of any type of imperfections, at the expense of two shift registers, a few logical gates and a DAC which is smaller than the shift register.
Comparison of EuroQol-5D and Short Form-6D Utility Scores in Multiethnic Asian Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis: A Cross-sectional Study (2013)

EQ-5D and SF-6D instruments generated different utility scores in PsA. SF-6D may be superior because of normal scaling distribution and the absence of ceiling and floor effects. SF-6D also had better construct validity and better discrimination of poor health status. More studies are required for cost-utility analysis in PsA.
Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Spectroscopy of Donor–Acceptor–Donor Triads at the Liquid/Solid Interface (2005)

By means of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), the self-assembly of two organic donor-acceptor-donor triads (donor=oligo(p-phenylene vinylene) (OPV); acceptor=perylene diimide (PDI)) and their mixtures has been investigated at the liquid/solid interface. Both triads differ in the nature of the substituents and, therefore, in the redox properties of the central perylene diimide unit (H or Cl). Thanks to the submolecular resolution, the distinct electronic properties of the units, within a triad and between the two triads, are reflected by the relative STM contrast in the bias-dependent imaging experiments. Moreover, scanning tunneling spectroscopy reveals an inverse rectifying behavior of the OPV and H-substituted PDI units, which is discussed in the framework of quasi-resonant tunneling. A striking difference is observed for the Cl-substituted triad.