gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Organolithium Reagents with η5‐Pentadienyliron Complexes: Formation of σ,η3‐Iron Complexes. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Finding Errors in Interoperating Components (2007)

Two or more components (e.g., objects, modules, or programs) interoperate when they exchange data, such as XML data. Currently, there is no approach that can detect a situation at compile time when one component modifies XML data so that it becomes incompatible for use by other components, delaying discovery of errors to runtime. Our solution, a verifier for interoperating components for finding logic faults (Viola) builds abstract programs from the source code of components that exchange XML data. Viola symbolically executes these abstract programs thereby obtaining approximate specifications of the data that would be output by these components. The computed and expected specifications are compared to find errors in XML data exchanges between components. We describe our approach, implementation, and give our error checking algorithm. We used Viola on open source and commercial systems and discovered errors that were not detected during their design and testing.
Change in Temperature Dependence of Creep Rupture Life of High Cr Ferritic Steel (2014)

Conventional time-temperature-parameter (TTP) methods often overestimate long-term creep rupture life of high Cr ferritic steels. The cause of the overestimation is examined paying attention to temperature and stress dependence of creep rupture life of Gr.91, 92 and 122 steels. In stress-rupture data of all the three steels there are four regions with different values of stress exponent n for rupture life. Activation energies Q for rupture life in the regions take at least three different values. The values of n and Q decrease in a longer-term region. The decrease in Q value is the cause of the overestimation of long-term rupture life predicted by the conventional TTP methods unable to deal with the change in Q value. Therefore, before applying a TTP analysis to stress-rupture data, the data should be divided into several data sets so that Q value is unique in each divided data set. When this multi-region analysis is adopted, all the data points of the steels can be described with higher accuracy, and their long-term rupture life can be evaluated more correctly.
Paracrine signalling of inflammatory cytokines from an in vitro blood brain barrier model upon exposure to polymeric nanoparticles (2013)

Nanoparticle properties, such as small size relative to large highly modifiable surface area, offer great promise for neuro-therapeutics and nanodiagnostics. A fundamental understanding and control of how nanoparticles interact with the blood-brain barrier (BBB) could enable major developments in nanomedical treatment of previously intractable neurological disorders, and help ensure that nanoparticles not intended to reach the brain do not cause adverse effects. Nanosafety is of utmost importance to this field. However, a distinct lack of knowledge exists regarding nanoparticle accumulation within the BBB and the biological effects this may induce on neighbouring cells of the Central Nervous System (CNS), particularly in the long-term. This study focussed on the exposure of an in vitro BBB model to model carboxylated polystyrene nanoparticles (PS COOH NPs), as these nanoparticles are well characterised for in vitro experimentation and have been reported as non-toxic in many biological settings. TEM imaging showed accumulation but not degradation of 100 nm PS COOH NPs within the lysosomes of the in vitro BBB over time. Cytokine secretion analysis from the in vitro BBB post 24 h 100 nm PS COOH NP exposure showed a low level of pro-inflammatory RANTES protein secretion compared to control. In contrast, 24 h exposure of the in vitro BBB endothelium to 100 nm PS COOH NPs in the presence of underlying astrocytes caused a significant increase in pro-survival signalling. In conclusion, the tantalising possibilities of nanomedicine must be balanced by cautious studies into the possible long-term toxicity caused by accumulation of known 'toxic' and 'non-toxic' nanoparticles, as general toxicity assays may be disguising significant signalling regulation during long-term accumulation.
Improvement of ray tracing in urban street cell environment of non line-of-site (NLOS) with consideration of building corner and its surface roughness (2016)

Mobile networks employing higher data rate and speed have been investigated for deployment of 5G mobile communication systems in urban microcellular environment. One of the approaches to achieve this goal, frequencies between 6 and 100 GHz are candidate to be utilized due to rich frequency spectrum. However radio propagation loss in these high frequencies is not characterized yet. Ray tracing (RT) method is one of the common technique, though the accuracy degrades as frequency becomes higher. In this paper, alternative model considering detailed building corner in intersection is proposed whereas building corner is, conventionally, assumed to be right-angle wedge shape. The proposed model also takes into account for surface roughness in order to enhance the accuracy for high frequencies. The parameter of surface roughness is optimized by comparing with measurement result. The proposed model with optimal size of surface roughness helps enhance accuracy, especially for high frequencies, compared with conventional wedge corner model. Accumulative error in terms of frequency can be resolved by the proposed model. Further discussion is described to develop the proposed model for better prediction applicable in both low and high frequency bands.
Spread and adoption of enhanced recovery from elective surgery in the English National Health Service (2014)

Programme on March 10, 2010.
Allelic Association in Large Pedigrees (2001)

We subjected the first replication of the simulated isolated population data set to a novel analysis for association between marker alleles and either disease phenotypes or quantitative variable. The analysis depends on being able to reliably reconstruct all haplotypes in the pedigree. This was achieved using the MCLINK blocked Gibbs sampling program. We observed a highly significant association between the variable Q5 and marker D01G138, and suggestive associations between the disease trait and markers D03G056 and D07G004.
System Performance and Characteristics of High-Speed HTS Generators (2008)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Pairing of a high-speed, high-temperature superconducting, homopolar inductor alternator (HTSHIA) with a gas turbine engine as prime mover results in a power dense generator-set well suited to applications requiring large step load accepts and rejects. Though the HTSHIA's low synchronous reactance allows it to respond to large step loads, typical gas turbine engines require seconds to ramp from idle to full power. A mismatch between load and turbine power during a step transient will result in generator speed droop. If the speed droops too severely either the generator or gas turbine engine may no longer be able to maintain rated power. This paper presents a generator set and control approach which exploits the HTSHIA's flywheel properties (high speed and relatively high rotor inertia) to power large, repeated step loads. The gas turbine engine, generator, power conditioning system (PCS), load, and control were modeled to evaluate the system performance, develop control, and to allow system level trades to be made.&lt;/div&gt;
Randomized Trial of a Third Dose of mRNA-1273 Vaccine in Transplant Recipients (2021)

A Third Vaccine Dose in Organ-Transplant Recipients It is known that people receiving immune suppressive therapy, such as recipients of solid-organ transplants, have a suboptimal response to SARS-C...
Improvements in crystalline quality of thick GaN layers on GaAs (111)A by periodic insertion of low‐temperature GaN buffer layers (2003)

Thick and high quality GaN layer growth using periodic insertion of low-temperature (LT)-grown GaN buffer layers was investigated by metalorganic hydrogen chloride vapor phase epitaxy (MOHVPE). Both morphological and optical properties of GaN epitaxial layers were drastically improved by inserting a second LT-GaN buffer layer. Also, the thickness of the second buffer layer was found to affect the quality of subsequently grown epitaxial layers. The full-width at half maximum (FWHM) value of X-ray diffraction for () plane (φ scan) of the GaN layer with double buffer layer structure decreased to 608 arcsec whereas that with single buffer structure was 3600 arcsec. These results indicate that the free-standing GaN substrate with low dislocation density can be possible by reiterating the growth sequence of buffer layer and epitaxial layer. (© 2003 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Proteome-wide profiling of the CD4 and humoral immune responses to vaccinia in humans reveals immunodominant antigens and limited T-B cell correlation (B184) (2007)

Abstract The aims were to identify potential immunodominant CD4 T-cell antigens, estimate within-subject CD4 diversity, and investigate CD4 T-B cell concurrence. Each of 205 predicted vaccinia ORFs was transcribed and translated in vitro. Serial PBMC and sera were obtained from vaccinated subjects. Antibody binding assays used protein-spotted arrays. CD4 proliferation assays used bulk PBMC-derived responders and autologous APC. Overall, CD4 and antibody responses were above background for 145 (70%) and 62 (30%) ORFs, respectively. The mean number of ORFs recognized per specimen by CD4 cells was 55 (range, 20 to 83). The ORFs recognized most frequently by CD4 cells were L4R, D13L, A10L, I3L, H3L, WR149, WR148, and A3L, while for antibodies, the most frequently detected responses were to A10L, B2R, H3L, WR148, I1L, D13L, D8R, and H5R. The CD4 immunodominant ORFs were mostly virion structural proteins and had late expression kinetics during virus replication. Each ORF immunodominant for antibody responses also frequently elicited CD4 responses, while antibody responses were not detected to many other CD4 antigens. This is the first proteome-wide screen of CD4 responses to a complex pathogen using full-length protein antigens. Immunodominant CD4 antigens identified using this technology may be rational subunit vaccine components for microbial pathogens requiring T-cell help for protection. First two authors contributed equally to the work.
MPLS Payload Protocol Identifier (1998)

The MPLS label stack has no explicit protocol identifier field to
indicate the protocol type of the MPLS payload. This document proposes
a mechanism for containing a protocol identifier field within the MPLS
packet, which is useful for any new encapsulation header which may
need to be encapsulated with an MPLS header.
Pulse front adaptive optics: a new method for control of ultrashort laser pulses (2015)

Ultrafast lasers enable a wide range of physics research and the manipulation of short pulses is a critical part of the ultrafast tool kit. Current methods of laser pulse shaping are usually considered separately in either the spatial or the temporal domain, but laser pulses are complex entities existing in four dimensions, so full freedom of manipulation requires advanced forms of spatiotemporal control. We demonstrate through a combination of adaptable diffractive and reflective optical elements - a liquid crystal spatial light modulator (SLM) and a deformable mirror (DM) - decoupled spatial control over the pulse front (temporal group delay) and phase front of an ultra-short pulse was enabled. Pulse front modulation was confirmed through autocorrelation measurements. This new adaptive optics technique, for the first time enabling in principle arbitrary shaping of the pulse front, promises to offer a further level of control for ultrafast lasers.
Occlusion Detection and Motion Estimation with Convex Optimization (2010)

We tackle the problem of simultaneously detecting occlusions and estimating optical flow. We show that, under standard assumptions of Lambertian reflection and static illumination, the task can be posed as a convex minimization problem. Therefore, the solution, computed using efficient algorithms, is guaranteed to be globally optimal, for any number of independently moving objects, and any number of occlusion layers. We test the proposed algorithm on benchmark datasets, expanded to enable evaluation of occlusion detection performance. 1
Effect of Control Delay in AMC in Asymmetric TDD Systems (2006)

This paper evaluates downlink throughput performance affected by asymmetric slot allocation in time division duplex (TDD) systems that employ adaptive modulation and coding (AMC). By exploiting channel reciprocity TDD systems can utilize open loop channel estimation to adaptively change modulation and coding scheme (MCS) in AMC. However, control delay in AMC in asymmetric TDD systems is subject to time slot allocation formats. Large control delay in AMC leads to the selection of an inappropriate MCS. We present an analytical approach to calculate the probability of MCS level selection error in different channel conditions for different asymmetric time slot allocations. The results of numerical calculation are validated by the simulated results. Finally throughput performance affected by different TDD asymmetric formats is discussed based on respective MCS false selection probability in each time slot allocation format
Genome-wide search for loss of heterozygosity in transgenic mouse tumors reveals candidate tumor suppressor genes on chromosomes 9 and 16. (1994)

A genome-wide scan for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in tumors provides a powerful route to the identification of genes involved in tumorigenesis. This approach has not previously been applied to transgenic mice, despite the considerable advantages they afford for genetic dissection. Here, we report a genome-wide LOH analysis of insulinomas and carcinoid tumors in transgenic mice expressing the simian virus 40 large tumor oncogene. Although the overall genome-wide rate of LOH was quite low, chromosomes 9 and 16 showed high rates of allelic loss. About one-third of tumors showed partial LOH, allowing localization of the likely tumor suppressor genes to intervals of approximately 11 centimorgans. The locus on chromosome 9, named Loh-1, lies in a region with synteny conservation to human chromosomes 3q, 6q12, 15q24, and 3p21, while the locus on chromosome 16, named Loh-2, lies in a region corresponding to human chromosomes 3q and 22q. Of particular note is the synteny conservation with human 3p21, which shows frequent loss in human cancers. These regions do not encode two tumor suppressors, pRB and p53, known to interact with large tumor oncoprotein, suggesting the presence of new genes whose loss of function contributes to multistage tumorigenesis.
Pharmacologic Management of Perioperative Bleeding (1997)

LAWSON, JEFFREY M.D., Ph.D.Editor(s): Longmire, William P. Jr. M.D.; Lyerly, H. Kim M.D. Author Information
Transcriptomic and behavioural characterisation of a mouse model of burn pain identify the cholecystokinin 2 receptor as an analgesic target (2016)

Burn injury is a cause of significant mortality and morbidity worldwide and is frequently associated with severe and long-lasting pain that remains difficult to manage throughout recovery. We characterised a mouse model of burn-induced pain using pharmacological and transcriptomic approaches. Mechanical allodynia elicited by burn injury was partially reversed by meloxicam (5 mg/kg), gabapentin (100 mg/kg) and oxycodone (3 and 10 mg/kg), while thermal allodynia and gait abnormalities were only significantly improved by amitriptyline (3 mg/kg) and oxycodone (10 mg/kg). The need for relatively high opioid doses to elicit analgesia suggested a degree of opioid resistance, similar to that shown clinically in burn patients. We thus assessed the gene expression changes in dorsal root ganglion neurons and pathophysiological mechanisms underpinning burn injury-induced pain using a transcriptomic approach. Burn injury was associated with significantly increased expression of genes associated with axon guidance, neuropeptide signalling, behavioural defence response and extracellular signalling, confirming a mixed neuropathic and inflammatory aetiology. Notably, among the pain-related genes that were upregulated post-injury was the cholecystokinin 2 receptor (Cckbr), a G protein-coupled receptor known as a pain target involved in reducing opioid effectiveness. Indeed, the clinically used cholecystokinin receptor antagonist proglumide (30 mg/kg) was effective at reversing mechanical allodynia, with additional analgesia evident in combination with low-dose oxycodone (1 mg/kg), including significant reversal of thermal allodynia. These findings highlight the complex pathophysiological mechanisms underpinning burn injury-induced pain and suggest that cholecystokinin-2 receptor antagonists may be useful clinically as adjuvants to decrease opioid requirements and improve analgesic management.
Effect of Magnetic Nanoparticles on the Morphology of Polystyrene-b-Poly(methyl methacrylate) Diblock Copolymer Thin Film (2012)

We report the effect of oleic acid-capped magnetic nanoparticles (mNPs, γ-Fe2O3) on the morphology and phase separation behavior of diblock copolymer thin film, polystyrene-b-poly(methyl methacrylate), PS-b-PMMA, under various experimental conditions such as the casting solvent, mNPs concentration, and the annealing time. If chloroform (CHCl3, slightly selective for PMMA) is selected as the casting solvent, the morphologies of the PS-b-PMMA thin film are affected by the embedded mNPs, while there will be no such effect when toluene (slightly selective for PS) is used. In toluene systems, at lower mNP concentration, lateral microphase separation occurred faster than that without mNPs, but at higher concentration, the underlying self-assembled diblock copolymer structure is no longer correlated with the mNPs assembly. Increasing the annealing time of the PS-b-PMMA/mNPs nanocomposite thin film causes a similar effect as that of increasing the concentration of mNPs.
18% Efficiency IBC Cell With Rear-Surface Processed on Quartz (2013)

In order to relax the mechanical constraints of processing thin crystalline Si wafers into highly efficient solar cells, we propose a process sequence, where a significant part of the process is done on module level. The device structure is an interdigitated-back-contact cell with an amorphous silicon back surface field. The record cell reaches an independently confirmed efficiency of 18.4%. Although the device deserves further optimization, the result shows the compatibility of processing on glass with efficiencies exceeding 18%, which opens the door to a high-efficiency solar cell process where the potentially thin wafer is attached to a foreign carrier during the full processing sequence.
Activation-Induced Resetting of Cerebral Metabolism and Flow Is Abolished by β-Adrenergic Blockade With Propranolol (2002)

beta-Adrenergic blockade by propranolol abolishes the activation-induced uncoupling of cerebral oxygen to glucose metabolism and the changes in (a-v)(O2). This may be of most significance to studies of cerebral activation by the blood oxygen level-dependent fMRI method.
Nanowire-Based Delivery ofEscherichia coliO157 Shiga Toxin 1 A Subunit into Human and Bovine Cells (2007)

Silica nanowires (NWs) were used to introduce the Shiga toxin type 1 A subunit (StxA1) into cultured bovine and human epithelial cells. We extended technology developed in our laboratories that employs fibronectin (Fn) to induce integrin-mediated uptake of NWs by coating NWs with StxA1 and Fn. The bonding strengths of Fn and StxA1 to the surface of NWs were measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. This technique demonstrated complex interactions between Fn, StxA1, and the NWs. Neutral red cytotoxicity assays and field emission scanning electron microscopy confirmed that the NW-StxA1-Fn complexes were effectively internalized and caused cell death. This indicates that NWs can carry StxA1 and potentially other toxic or therapeutic agents into eukaryotic cells. Ongoing studies include improved functionalizing of NWs aimed at increasing internalization efficiency and substituting ligands for specific cell targeting.
Design and Fabrication of All‐Solid‐State Rechargeable Lithium Batteries for Future Applications (2014)

This chapter presents the fabrication of a Li7La3Zr2O12 pellet with a hole-array structure by imprint method. The energy densities of present lithium-ion rechargeable batteries are not enough. In the system of present lithium-ion batteries, it is considered that the energy density is already near to the limit. To realize 500 Wh kg−1 energy density, which is needed to run an electric vehicle, higher capacitive anode and cathode materials must be used. Lithium-ion batteries having larger capacity density have an important problem as safety. A construction of conventional lithium-ion batteries uses organic liquid electrolytes, which are flammable. Therefore, lithium-ion batteries having both the conventional construction and high energy density are very dangerous if some accident happen. The solution of this problem is all-solid-state batteries, which is fabricated by using inflammable electrolytes made of ceramic or polymer instead of organic liquid electrolytes. The fabricated and sintered 3D-structured (hole-allay) LLZ pellet maintained the hole-array structure after sintering and was indicated cubic phase by the XRD pattern. The working of Li/hole-array-LLZ/LiCoO2 cell was successful by the CV test.
Detection of polluting plumes ejected from NYC buildings (2019)

As part of the urban metabolism, city buildings consume resources and use energy, producing environmental impacts on the surrounding air by emitting plumes of pollution. Plumes that have been observed in Manhattan range from water vapor emitted from heating and cooling systems’ steam vents to CO2 and dangerous chemical compounds (e.g. ammonia, methane). City agencies are interested in detecting and tracking these plumes as they provide evidence for signs of urban activity, cultivation of living and working spaces and can support the provision of services whilst monitoring environmental impacts. The Urban Observatory at New York University’s Center for Urban Science and Progress (CUSP-UO) continuously images the Manhattan skyline at 0.1 Hz, and day-time images can be used to detect and characterize plumes from buildings in the scene. This project built and trained a deep convolutional neural network for detection and tracking of these plumes in near real-time. The project created a large training set of over 1,100 actual plumes as well as sources of contamination such as clouds, shadows and lights, and applied the relevant network architecture for training of the model. The trained convolutional neural network was applied to the archival Urban Observatory data between two time periods: 26th October-31st December 2013 and 1st January-13th March 2015 to generate detections of building plume activity during those time periods. Buildings with high plume ejection rates were identified, and all plumes could be classified by their color (i.e. carbon vs water vapor). The final result was a detection of plumes emitted during the time periods that the dataset spans.