gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient Demodulation in Cooperative Schemes Using Decode-and-Forward Relays (2006)

Cooperative communication systems using various relay strategies can achieve spatial diversity gains, enhance coverage and potentially increase capacity. For the practically attractive decode-and-forward (DF) relay strategy, we derive an efficient demodulator at the destination in the form of a weighted combiner. The weights are selected adaptively to account for the quality of both source-relay-destination and source-destination links. Analysis proves that the novel demodulator can achieve the maximum possible diversity, regardless of the underlying constellation. Its error performance tightly bounds that of maximumlikelihood (ML) demodulation which provably quantifies the diversity gain of ML detection with DF relaying. Simulations corroborate our theoretical analyses and compare performance of the novel decoder with existing diversity-achieving strategies including analog amplify-and-forward and selective-relaying.
Diphenylamino-substituted tristyryl vs. triphenyl isocyanurates: improved conjugation has minimal impact on two-photon absorption (2018)

Planarization and extension of the central π-system does not increase two-photon absorption cross-section.
Solar Cells: High‐Performance and Stable All‐Polymer Solar Cells Using Donor and Acceptor Polymers with Complementary Absorption (Adv. Energy Mater. 14/2017) (2017)

A high power conversion efficiency of 6.9% from all-polymer solar cells with polymers as both donor and acceptor is achieved with good stability over 60 days as reported by Xiaofeng Xu, René A. J. Janssen, Ergang Wang, and co-workers in article number 1602722. The random copolymer PNDI-T10 could be a promising alterative acceptor to the widely used alternating polymers PNDI-T and N2200, as it delivers better performance in the resulting solar cells.
Evaluation of position sensitive avalanche photodiodes for PET (2003)

A gamma ray detector for PET, consisting of an array of mixed lutetium oxyorthosilicate (MLS) scintillator crystals coupled to a position sensitive avalanche photodiode (PSAPD), was evaluated. The scintillator array was constructed from individual MLS crystals with dimensions of 1.5 mm/spl times/1.5 mm/spl times/15 mm. The assembled 7/spl times/7 array, including inter-crystal reflector material, had a pitch of 1.79 mm. The low noise, high gain PSAPD had dimensions of 14 mm/spl times/14 mm. Peaks associated with each of the 49 scintillator crystals were readily identifiable in flood histograms, and most of the crystals demonstrated energy resolution in the range of 15% to 20% at 511 keV. Preliminary measurements of the timing of the PSAPD in coincidence with a fast-scintillator/PMT detector indicated a timing resolution of approximately 4 ns. The operating characteristics and design attributes, such as compactness and reduced readout channel requirements, of the PSAPD make it attractive for high resolution PET applications.
Model Validation at the 204-MW New Mexico Wind Energy Center (Poster) (2006)

The objectives of this report are: (1) to investigate the impact of aggregation on a large wind farm; and (2) to explore the dynamic behaviors of the power system and the wind turbine. The methods used are: (1) use equivalencing method previously developed to simplify Taiban Mesa wind power plant; (2) use PSLF dynamic analysis to simulate the wind power plant with AWEA-proposed low voltage ride through (LVRT) used to test the systems; and (3) represent a 204-MW wind plant two ways, treat the entire wind farm feeding a large power system network as a single generator and treat each wind turbine within the wind farm as an individual generator (136 generators) feeding the large power system network.
Childhood gene-environment interactions and age-dependent effects of genetic variants associated with refractive error and myopia: The CREAM Consortium (2016)

Myopia, currently at epidemic levels in East Asia, is a leading cause of untreatable visual impairment. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in adults have identified 39 loci associated with refractive error and myopia. Here, the age-of-onset of association between genetic variants at these 39 loci and refractive error was investigated in 5200 children assessed longitudinally across ages 7-15 years, along with gene-environment interactions involving the major environmental risk-factors, nearwork and time outdoors. Specific variants could be categorized as showing evidence of: (a) early-onset effects remaining stable through childhood, (b) early-onset effects that progressed further with increasing age, or (c) onset later in childhood (N = 10, 5 and 11 variants, respectively). A genetic risk score (GRS) for all 39 variants explained 0.6% (P = 6.6E-08) and 2.3% (P = 6.9E-21) of the variance in refractive error at ages 7 and 15, respectively, supporting increased effects from these genetic variants at older ages. Replication in multi-ancestry samples (combined N = 5599) yielded evidence of childhood onset for 6 of 12 variants present in both Asians and Europeans. There was no indication that variant or GRS effects altered depending on time outdoors, however 5 variants showed nominal evidence of interactions with nearwork (top variant, rs7829127 in ZMAT4; P = 6.3E-04).
An improved PNLMS algorithm (2002)

Recently, the proportionate normalized least mean square (PNLMS) algorithm was developed for use in network echo cancelers. In comparison to the normalized least mean square (NLMS) algorithm, PNLMS has very fast initial convergence and tracking when the echo path is sparse. Unfortunately, when the impulse response is dispersive, the PNLMS converges much slower than NLMS. This implies that the rule proposed in PNLMS is far from optimal. In many simulations, it seems that we fully benefit from PNLMS only when the impulse response is close to a delta function. In this paper, we propose a new rule that is more reliable than the one used in PNLMS. Many simulations show that the new algorithm (improved PNLMS) performs better than NLMS and PNLMS, whatever the nature of the impulse response is.
Truly form-factor–free industrially scalable system integration for electronic textile architectures with multifunctional fiber devices (2023)

An integrated textile electronic system is reported here, enabling a truly free form factor system via textile manufacturing integration of fiber-based electronic components. Intelligent and smart systems require freedom of form factor, unrestricted design, and unlimited scale. Initial attempts to develop conductive fibers and textile electronics failed to achieve reliable integration and performance required for industrial-scale manufacturing of technical textiles by standard weaving technologies. Here, we present a textile electronic system with functional one-dimensional devices, including fiber photodetectors (as an input device), fiber supercapacitors (as an energy storage device), fiber field-effect transistors (as an electronic driving device), and fiber quantum dot light-emitting diodes (as an output device). As a proof of concept applicable to smart homes, a textile electronic system composed of multiple functional fiber components is demonstrated, enabling luminance modulation and letter indication depending on sunlight intensity.
The small vesicular culprits: the investigation of extracellular vesicles as new targets for cancer treatment (2017)

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membranous vesicles released from almost all type of cells including cancer cells. EVs transfer their components, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), messenger RNAs, lipids and proteins, from one cell to another, affecting the target cells. Emerging evidence suggests that reciprocal interactions between cancer cells and the cells in their microenvironment via EVs drive disease progression and therapy resistance. Therefore, understanding the roles of EVs in cancer biology will provide us with new opportunities to treat patients. EVs are also useful for monitoring disease processes. EVs have been found in many kinds of biological fluids such as blood, urine, saliva and semen. Because of their accessibility, EVs offer ease of collection with minimal discomfort to patients and are preferred for serial collection. In addition, they reflect and carry dynamic changes in disease, allowing us to access crucial molecular information about the disease status. Therefore, EVs hold great possibility as clinically useful biomarkers to provide multiple non-invasive snapshots of primary and metastatic tumors. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of miRNAs in EVs in cancer biology and as biomarkers. Furthermore, we discuss the potential of miRNAs in EVs for clinical application.
Adaptive nonlinear multigrid inversion with applications to Bayesian optical diffusion tomography (2003)

We previously proposed a general framework for nonlinear multi-grid inversion applicable to any inverse problem in which the forward model can be naturally represented at differing resolutions. The method has the potential for very large computational savings and robust convergence. In this paper, multigrid inversion is further extended to adaptively allocate computation to the scale at which the algorithm can best reduce the cost. We applied the proposed method to solve the problem of optical diffusion tomography in a Bayesian framework, and our simulation results indicate that the adaptive scheme can improve computational efficiency in this application.
An Open-Source Protection IED for Research and Education in Multiterminal HVDC Grids (2020)

The integration of large amounts of renewable energy will require multiterminal high-voltage direct-current (MTDC) grids to reliably transport the energy over long distances. However, before building an MTDC grid, a functional protection system design is needed. Realistic and industrial studies are required to validate the functionality of such a system. In addition, further academic research as well as education in the field are needed. This paper presents an open-source, low-cost protection intelligent electronic device (IED) prototype for use in a laboratory environment. In particular, the IED design, its fastest measured performance, example results for different fault scenarios, and an assessment of its use in education are shown. The open-source IED is useful to accelerate industrial and academic research, as well as to enable education in protection for MTDC grids.
Effects of a Tantalum Addition on the Morphological and Compositional Evolution of a Model Ni-Al-Cr Superalloy (2008)

The effects of a 2.0 at.% addition of Ta to a model Ni-Al-Cr superalloy aged at 1073 K are assessed using scanning electron microscopy and atom-probe tomography. The addition of Ta results in appreciable strengthening, and the morphology is found to evolve from a bimodal distribution of spheroidal precipitates, to cuboidal precipitates aligned along the elastically soft <001>-type directions. Tantalum is observed to partition preferentially to the '-precipitate phase and decreases the mobility of Ni in the matrix sufficiently to cause an accumulation of Ni on the -matrix side of the '-precipitate/-matrix heterophase interface.
Bioelectronics at the Single Molecule Level (2018)

Bioelectronic devices built with single molecules of a protein, enzyme, or aptamer represent a new class of hybrid electronics. When biofunctionalization of nanoscale conductors is reduced to one molecule, that molecule's dynamic activity can be transduced into a large amplitude, high bandwidth electronic output. Using DNA polymerase I as an example, we show that single-molecule bioelectronics reveal biochemical activity with bond-by-bond resolution.
Mechanism of Inhibition of Human Leukocyte Elastase by .beta.-Lactams. 3. Use of Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry and Two-Dimensional NMR Techniques To Identify .beta.-Lactam-Derived E-I Complexes (1995)

A combination of NMR spectroscopy and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) was used to probe the identity of beta-lactam-derived complexes with serine proteases. The carbon and proton NMR chemical shifts of the human leucocyte elastase (HLE)-inhibitor complex derived from [4-13C]-L-680,833, [S-(R*,S*)]-4-[(1-(((1-(4- methylphenyl)butyl)amino)carbonyl)-3,3-diethyl-2-oxo-4- azetidinyl)oxy]benzeneacetic acid, were consistent with an sp3 hybridized carbon. The ESI-MS spectrum of the L-680,833-derived HLE-I complex indicated an increase of 333 Da over the mass of the free enzyme. The data are consistent with acylation of the active site serine, loss of p-hydroxybenzeneacetic acid, and formation of a carbinolamine at the carbon deriving from C-4 of the lactam ring. The complexes produced from HLE and the diastereomers of L-680,833 display identical masses. Since the 4R-isomers produce more stable complexes [Green et al. (1995) Biochemistry 34, 14331-14343], these data suggest that these complexes differ in their stereochemistry or conformation. The structural model of the HLE-I complexes derived from the diastereomers predicts that the hydroxyl of the carbinolamine derives from a structurally observed water molecule yielding S-stereochemistry in all cases. In this model, the 4S- and 4R-diastereomers produce complexes that differ by the location of the side chain of a phenylalanine residue. The mass of HLE was increased by that of L-684,481, (R)-1-(((1-(4-methylphenyl)butyl)amino)carbonyl)-3,3-diethyl-2-azetidino ne, which lacks a leaving group at C-4 in the complex derived from this compound. L-691,886, [S-(R*,S*)]-4-[(1-(((1-(4-ethoxyphenyl)butyl)amino)carbonyl)- 3,3-diethyl-4-oxo-2-azetidinyl)-oxy]benzeneacetic acid, produces two complexes of different mass that reactivate with different rates. The mass of the less stable complex is consistent with the acyl-enzyme of 2,2-ethyl-3-oxopropanoic acid while the mass of the more stable complex is analogous to the carbinolamine observed during L-680,833 inactivation. Porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) produces a complex with a mass consistent with replacement of the C-4 leaving group by water to produce a carbinolamine from L-684,248, [S-(R*,S*)]-4-[(1-(((1-(4-methylphenyl)butyl)amino)carbonyl)-3,3-dimethy l - 2-oxo-4-azetidinyl)oxy]benzoic acid. The C-4 diastereomer, L-684,249, produces two PPE-I complexes with different masses. One of these complexes has a mass identical to the mass of the complex derived from L-684,248 while the mass of the other complex indicates the presence of the entire inhibitor molecule.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Mössbauer Effect Studies of 57Co and 57Fe in β‐Rhombohedral Boron (1972)

Abstract The behavior of 57 Fe and 57 Co doped β‐rhombohedral boron was investigated by means of Mössbauer spectroscopy. Samples prepared by diffusing 57 Fe at temperatures above 1000 °C and 57 Co at temperatures of 1500 °C or higher showed a reproducible quadrupole interaction and a strongly anisotropic ƒ‐factor. Using combinations of the different parameters obtained from the spectra it was attempted to determine the position of the impurities. There is some evidence for an incorporation within the 28 atom subgroup. It was shown that the sites occupied by Co and Fe do not have a C 5 v point symmetry.
Cryo-EM structures of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2 spike (2022)

Summary The BA.2 sub-lineage of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant has gained in proportion relative to BA.1. As differences in spike (S) proteins may underlie differences in their pathobiology, here we determine cryo-EM structures of a BA.2 S ectodomain and compare these to previously determined BA.1 S structures. BA.2 Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) mutations induced remodeling of the internal RBD structure resulting in its improved thermostability and tighter packing within the 3-RBD-down spike. In the S2 subunit, the fusion peptide in BA.2 was less accessible to antibodies than in BA.1. Pseudovirus neutralization and spike binding assays revealed extensive immune evasion while defining epitopes of two RBD-directed antibodies, DH1044 and DH1193, that bound the outer RBD face to neutralize both BA.1 and BA.2. Taken together, our results indicate that stabilization of the 3-RBD-down state through interprotomer RBD-RBD packing is a hallmark of the Omicron variant, and reveal differences in key functional regions in the BA.1 and BA.2 S proteins.
Hybrid immunity improves B cell frequency, antibody potency and breadth against SARS-CoV-2 and variants of concern (2021)

ABSTRACT To understand the nature of the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, we analyzed at single cell level the B cell responses of five naïve and five convalescent people immunized with the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine. Convalescents had higher frequency of spike protein specific memory B cells and by cell sorting delivered 3,532 B cells, compared with 2,352 from naïve people. Of these, 944 from naïve and 2,299 from convalescents produced monoclonal antibodies against the spike protein and 411 of them neutralized the original Wuhan SARS-CoV-2 virus. More than 75% of the monoclonal antibodies from naïve people lost their neutralization activity against the B.1.351 (beta) and B.1.1.248 (gamma) variants while this happened only for 61% of those from convalescents. The overall loss of neutralization was lower for the B.1.1.7 (alpha) and B.1.617.2 (delta) variants, however it was always significantly higher in those of naïve people. In part this was due to the IGHV2-5;IGHJ4-1 germline, which was found only in convalescents and generated potent and broadly neutralizing antibodies. Overall, vaccination of seropositive people increases the frequency of B cells encoding antibodies with high potency and that are not susceptible to escape by any of the four variants of concern. Our data suggest that people that are seropositive following infection or primary vaccination will produce antibodies with increased potency and breadth and will be able to better control SARS-CoV-2 emerging variants.
The Dagstuhl Beginners Guide to Reproducibility for Experimental\n Networking Research (2019)

Reproducibility is one of the key characteristics of good science, but hard\nto achieve for experimental disciplines like Internet measurements and\nnetworked systems. This guide provides advice to researchers, particularly\nthose new to the field, on designing experiments so that their work is more\nlikely to be reproducible and to serve as a foundation for follow-on work by\nothers.\n
Adaptive Filter-bank Approach to Restoration and Spectral Analysis of Gapped Data (2000)

The main topic of this paper is the nonparametric estimation of complex (both amplitude and phase) spectra from gapped data, as well as the restoration of such data. The focus is on the extension of the APES (amplitude and phase estimation) approach to data sequences with gaps. APES, which is one of the most successful existing nonparametric approaches to the spectral analysis of full data sequences, uses a bank of narrowband adaptive (both frequency and data dependent) filters to estimate the spectrum. A recent interpretation of this approach showed that the filterbank used by APES and the resulting spectrum minimize a least-squares (LS) fitting criterion between the filtered sequence and its spectral decomposition. The extended approach, which is called GAPES for somewhat obvious reasons, capitalizes on the aforementioned interpretation: it minimizes the APES-LS fitting criterion with respect to the missing data as well. This should be a sensible thing to do whenever the full data sequence is stationary, and hence the missing data have the same spectral content as the available data. We use both simulated and real data examples to show that GAPES estimated spectra and interpolated data sequences have excellent accuracy. We also show the performance gain achieved by GAPES over two of the most commonly used approaches for gapped-data spectral analysis, viz., the periodogram and the parametric CLEAN method.
Evaluation of mechanisms for fine-grained parallel programs in the J-machine and the CM-5 (1993)

This paper uses an abstract machine approach to compare the mechanisms of two parallel machines: the J-Machine and the CM-5. High-level parallel programs are translated by a single optimizing compiler to a fine-grained abstract parallel machine, TAM. A final compilation step is unique to each machine and optimizes for specifics of the architecture. By determining the cost of the primitives and weighting them by their dynamic frequency in parallel programs, we quantify the effectiveness of the following mechanisms individually and in combination. Efficient processor/network coupling proves valuable. Message dispatch is found to be less valuable without atomic operations that allow the scheduling levels to cooperate. Multiple hardware contexts are of small value when the contexts cooperate and the compiler can partition the register set. Tagged memory provides little gain. Finally, the performance of the overall system is strongly influenced by the performance of the memory system and the frequency of control operations.
Palladium-catalysed direct arylation of heteroaromatics using free-NH2 iodoanilines with inhibition of amination reaction (2012)

The palladium-catalysed direct arylation of heteroaromatics with unprotected iodoanilines proceeds in moderate to high yields using only 1 mol% Pd(OAc)2 as the catalyst and potassium acetate as the base. No amination reaction was observed under these conditions. A wide variety of heteroarenes have been successfully employed.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on Antiulcer Agents. Part 4. Antiulcer Effects of 2‐Benzylthio‐ 5,6,7,8‐tetrahydro‐4(3H)‐quinazolinones and Related Compounds. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Multiwalled carbon nanotubes growth in anodic alumina nanoholes (1999)

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), standing perpendicularly to a substrate with an electrode, were fabricated by thermal catalytic decomposition of ethylene from Co particles electrochemically embedded at the bottom of anodic alumina nanoholes. The thermal durability of the alumina nanoholes for the CNTs growth process was achieved by using Nb as an underlying electrode. The CNTs were electrically connected to the electrode through the conductive paths, which were formed at the bottom of alumina nanoholes by Nb ion migration from the underlying electrode during anodization.