gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Voltage calibration of dual-frequency liquid crystal devices for infrared beam steering applications (2005)

This paper addresses the use of liquid crystal devices for electro-optic infrared laser beam steering, such as liquid crystal optical phased arrays (OPAs) and digital beam deflectors (DBDs). In these devices, voltages are synchronously applied to different liquid crystal pixels to steer light, either by diffraction and/or refraction using birefringent prisms. Dual frequency liquid crystals provide an order of magnitude higher speed as compared to conventional nematic liquid crystals, at the cost of more complex addressing algorithms and control circuits. In order to optimize the optical performance of a liquid crystal device, the control voltages must be calibrated. This procedure involves adjustment of the control voltages while monitoring the optical efficiency, and must be done for both steady-state phase levels as well as transitions between phase levels. Manual voltage calibration is unrealistically time consuming for multi-channel beam steering devices. Computer based calibration algorithms for dual frequency liquid crystal devices are discussed, and results are presented for both steady state and dynamic voltage calibration procedures.
Dimensionality Reduction of High-Dimensional Highly Correlated Multivariate Grapevine Dataset (2017)

Viticulturists traditionally have a keen interest in studying the relationship between the biochemistry of grapevines' leaves/petioles and their associated spectral reflectance in order to understand the fruit ripening rate, water status, nutrient levels, and disease risk. In this paper, we implement imaging spectroscopy (hyperspectral) reflectance data, for the reflective 330 -2510 nm wavelength region (986 total spectral bands), to assess vineyard nutrient status; this constitutes a high dimensional dataset with a covariance matrix that is ill-conditioned. The identification of the variables (wavelength bands) that contribute useful information for nutrient assessment and prediction, plays a pivotal role in multivariate statistical modeling. In recent years, researchers have successfully developed many continuous, nearly unbiased, sparse and accurate variable selection methods to overcome this problem. This paper compares four regularized and one functional regression methods: Elastic Net, Multi-Step Adaptive Elastic Net, Minimax Concave Penalty, iterative Sure Independence Screening, and Functional Data Analysis for wavelength variable selection. Thereafter, the predictive performance of these regularized sparse models is enhanced using the stepwise regression. This comparative study of regression methods using a high-dimensional and highly correlated grapevine hyperspectral dataset revealed that the performance of Elastic Net for variable selection yields the best predictive ability.
Postsurgical oral administration of uracil and tegafur inhibits progression of micrometastasis of human breast cancer cells in nude mice. (1997)

We recently established a metastasis model in nude mice using the MKL-4 cell line, a contransfectant of the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line with fgf-4 and lacZ in which micrometastases in several organs can be quantitatively observed. First, to develop a new postsurgical metastasis model, we investigated the timing of occurrence of micrometastasis and the influence of tumor removal on the progression of micrometastasis in this model. Micrometastases into lymph nodes and lungs were detected 3 weeks after the cell injections. Tumor removal 3 weeks after the injections significantly enhanced the progression of micrometastasis into lymph nodes and bone. Second, to study the effect of a mixed compound, UFT (a molar ratio of uracil:tegafur of 4:1), which has been widely used in the postsurgical adjuvant setting in Japan, 15 or 20 mg/kg UFT were administered p.o. for 4 weeks to tumor-bearing mice or to mice in which transplanted tumors were resected 3 weeks after the injections. Either dose of UFT significantly inhibited the tumor growth as well as the progression of micrometastasis into lymph nodes, lungs, liver, and brain. In addition, enhanced progression of micrometastasis in all explored organs by the tumor removal was significantly inhibited by the administration of either dose of UFT. In conclusion, this new postsurgical metastasis model may be useful for evaluating the efficacy of agents used in the postoperative adjuvant setting. UFT may be an effective drug for inhibiting the progression of micrometastasis after surgery.
Thermal and Optical Properties of Polyimide Films with Dispersed SWCNTs for Laser Applications (2017)

Single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) demonstrate a high efficiency as optical elements for mode‐locking in fiber lasers. A thin polymer film with dispersed nanotubes is a suitable approach to insert the element into the laser resonator. The main problem is that the polymer oxidative destruction temperature is much lower than that for SWCNTs. To form polymer–nanotube composites with a high threshold of thermal degradation, surviving under the relatively intense laser beams, a set of polyimides has been used. It has been shown that for the synthesized polyimides the temperature of degradation was in the range 500–530 °C, depending on the polymer. In the near‐infrared range the polyimides were transparent, and the main absorption bands were detected at wavelengths less than 400 nm. A procedure of the fabrication of composite SWCNT/polyimide films was developed. The films were formed on transparent substrates, as quartz and glass slides.
Influence of mechanical properties, toughness, and barrier properties of PMMA‐EVA‐organoclay nanocomposites with and without in situ crosslinking (2009)

Abstract Poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA)‐ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA)‐organoclay nanocomposites were prepared with and without in situ crosslinking using tetrapropoxysilane (TPOS) as a crosslinking agent and dibutyl tin oxide (DBTO) as a catalyst. Brabender Plasticorder experimental results suggest that in situ crosslinking transforms the EVA from a liquid to a viscoelastic solid. Transmission electron micrographs analysis indicates that most of the organoclay was clustered in the crosslinked EVA phase. X‐ray diffraction and morphology indicate that the PMMA‐EVA‐organoclay nanocomposites were intercalated and incompatible. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) results indicate some interaction between PMMA‐EVA‐clay nanocomposites. The in situ crosslinked of EVA and the addition of organoclay increased the modulus properties of PMMA. However, in situ crosslinking slightly reduced the barrier properties of PMMA‐EVA‐organoclay nanocomposites. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Variations on transcriptional and post-transcriptional processes in bacteria (2010)

Microorganisms have been found to inhabit every environmental niche so far explored on our planet in spite of harsh conditions such as extraordinarily hot or cold temperatures, acidic conditions, high salinity or high pressures, which would be completely inhospitable to more complex organisms. In these niches, microorganisms are often exposed to continuously changing conditions, including light and dark periods, varying nutrient availability and interactions with other microorganisms and phages. Survival under these challenging circumstances requires great adaptability. These adaptive changes occur mainly at the transcriptional level, and although post-transcriptional and post-translational changes also take place, they appear less important than those achieved through transcriptional regulation. Transcription is a crucial process, which is mediated by the multicomponent RNA polymerase. Some features of transcription are universally conserved in eukaryotes and prokaryotes such as the binding of RNA polymerase to promoter DNA and the transition from a closed double-stranded DNA promoter to an open melted-out complex (Ishihama, 2010). RNA polymerase activity is modulated through a series of signals that are often transmitted by other proteins and give rise to regulatory networks. These basically convert a set of defined endogenous or environmental inputs into appropriate outputs that confer on microorganisms the ability to thrive in a particular site (de las Heras et al. , 2010). This Thematic Issue covers transcription in prokaryotes in a broad manner, considering both how RNA polymerase functions and how RNA polymerase activity is modulated by specific and global regulators. At the end, the point is made that transcriptional control not only affects the expression of structural genes, but also that of genes encoding small RNAs (sRNAs), which can activate or repress translation. Furthermore, rRNA, tRNA, mRNA and sRNA transcript levels are continuosly adjusted by processing and degradation processes.

RNA polymerase is a complex enzyme made up of two α …
Transient blocking synchronization (2005)

We introduce Transient Blocking Synchronization (TBS), a new approach to hardware synchronization for mega-scale distributed-memory multiprocessor machines. Such machines, with thousands of processors and controller based memory modules, are essentially distributed networks, and one must search for new paradigms that provide hardware synchronization support with high levels of robustness and minimal protocol and communication overhead. It is our claim that the semantics of non-blocking synchronization primitives such as Compare &Swap and LoadLinked/StoreConditional on the one hand, and blocking ones such as Full/Empty-bits on the other, will introduce high communication and space costs when implemented on large scale machines.

TBS is a novel hardware synchronization paradigm resting between the classic blocking and non-blocking approaches to synchronization. It is an example of how, based on very weak transient hardware blocking, that is, blocking that may be revoked at any time, one can provide non-blocking universal synchronization with low communication and space complexity. This paper presents a set of simple TBS single-location synchronization operations and shows that they provide low cost non-blocking emulations of all known read-modify-write operations. Moreover, it shows that the combination of TBS with hardware supported transactional bits, a variation on traditional hardware full/empty bits, can provide low message cost implementations of multi-word transactional operations.
Leveraging Abstract Meaning Representation for Knowledge Base Question Answering (2020)

Knowledge base question answering (KBQA)is an important task in Natural Language Processing. Existing approaches face significant challenges including complex question understanding, necessity for reasoning, and lack of large end-to-end training datasets. In this work, we propose Neuro-Symbolic Question Answering (NSQA), a modular KBQA system, that leverages (1) Abstract Meaning Representation (AMR) parses for task-independent question understanding; (2) a simple yet effective graph transformation approach to convert AMR parses into candidate logical queries that are aligned to the KB; (3) a pipeline-based approach which integrates multiple, reusable modules that are trained specifically for their individual tasks (semantic parser, entity andrelationship linkers, and neuro-symbolic reasoner) and do not require end-to-end training data. NSQA achieves state-of-the-art performance on two prominent KBQA datasets based on DBpedia (QALD-9 and LC-QuAD1.0). Furthermore, our analysis emphasizes that AMR is a powerful tool for KBQA systems.
Interaction between physical activity,PITX1rs647161 genetic polymorphism and colorectal cancer risk in a Korean population: a case-control study (2018)

This study assessed the interaction between physical activity and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk based on a polymorphism in the paired-like homeodomain 1 (<i>PITX1</i>) gene in Koreans. In total, 923 cases and 1,846 controls were enrolled at the National Cancer Center, Korea. Subjects who did regular exercise showed a significantly reduced risk of CRC than those did not exercise regularly (OR = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.30-0.45). Subjects in the highest tertile of metabolic equivalents of task (MET)-minutes per week showed a significantly lower risk of CRC (OR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.48-0.79, p-trend < 0.001). In the dominant model, minor allele carriers showed a significantly higher risk of CRC than subjects homozygous for the major allele (OR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.18-1.80). The PITX1 genetic variant showed significant interactions with regular exercise and CRC risk (p-interaction = 0.018) and colon cancer risk (p-interaction = 0.029) among all subjects. Subjects who carried at least one minor allele and did not regularly exercise showed a greater risk of CRC (OR = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.37-2.41). Subjects who were homozygous for the major allele with high physical activity showed a significantly reduced risk of CRC (OR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.38-0.82). Thus, individuals with <i>PITX1</i> genetic variants can have benefit from physical activity regarding prevention of CRC risk in a Korean population.
Accurate Time Constant of Random Telegraph Signal Extracted by a Sufficient Long Time Measurement in Very Large-Scale Array TEG (2009)

To suppress Random Telegraph Signal (RTS) noise in MOSFETs, it is necessary to understand the phenomena of RTS. We can extract the accurate time constant in RTS noise by measuring a huge number of MOSFETs during a long time. Time constant is useful to obtain the energy level. In this paper, we demonstrated the statistical and accurate measurement method of the time constant of RTS by a sufficient long measuring in very large-scale array TEG.
Flexibility of Asynchronous Distance Learning: Reaching Diverse Cultures (2009)

This paper validates that all cultures value the flexibility of asynchronous distance learning (DL). We relied on Hofstede’s constructs of Individualism-Collectivism, Power Distance, and Uncertainty Avoidance to divide the respondents into culturally distinct groups. The quantitative analysis tested the perceived flexibility of DL between these groups. We found that flexibility is independent of the Hofstede constructs, as supported by the lack of statistically significant differences between the groups. The qualitative analysis consisted of a literature review aimed at understanding why culturally distinct groups have statistically-similar appreciation of the perceived flexibility of DL. We found some groups appreciate the flexibility of DL for its convenience and freedom; while other groups appreciate it for its perceived protective layer of anonymity and enhanced interactivity. We conclude that DL can be an effective agent of knowledge globalization, and make educational and economic opportunities available to all, if practitioners fully leverage its flexibility. Keywords: distance learning (DL), asynchronous distance learning, Hofstede constructs, flexibility of DL.
Abstract 14434: Oxidized Low Density Lipoprotein Elevates the Pro-osteogenic Activity in Human Aortic Valve Interstitial Cells via Innate Immune Receptors (2016)

Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is a chronic pathological process involving inflammation, fibrosis and calcification. Pharmacological intervention for prevention of CAVD progression remains unavailable. Calcified aortic valves display higher levels of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), and oxLDL has the potential to interact with Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Interleukin (IL)-37 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine and has been shown to inhibit TLR4-mediated inflammatory responses. We tested the hypotheses that oxLDL induces the osteogenic responses in human aortic valve interstitial cells (AVICs) via TLRs and that IL-37 suppresses the responses and may have therapeutic potential for suppression of CAVD progression. Methods and Results: Human AVICs from normal valves were treated with oxLDL (20-80 μg/ml) for 72 hours in vitro. OxLDL up-regulated the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in a dose-dependent fashion. Further, oxLDL induced NF-κB and ERK1/2 phosphorylation through a mechanism involving TLR 2 and TLR4, but not LOX-1. Inhibition of NF-κB or ERK1/2 reduced the effect of oxLDL on BMP-2 and ALP expression. Treatment with recombinant IL-37 suppressed oxLDL-induced NF-κB and ERK1/2 phosphorylation, resulting in marked reductions in BMP-2 and ALP levels, ALP activity and calcium deposit formation. To determine the effect of IL-37 on aortic valve lesions in vivo, we fed wild-type and IL-37 transgenic mice with a high fat diet for 8 weeks. Feeding wild-type mice with the high fat diet resulted in aortic valve thickening and expression of BMP-2 that are associated with accumulation of oxLDL in aortic valve leaflets. Transgenic expression of IL-37 prevented aortic valve thickening and BMP-2 expression caused by the high fat diet. Conclusions: The results of this study show that oxLDL elevates the pro-osteogenic activity in human AVICs by activation of NF-κB and ERK1/2 through TLR2 and TLR4. IL-37 suppresses oxLDL-induced osteogenic responses in human AVICs and attenuate aortic valve thickening caused by a high fat diet in mice. These findings reveal a novel mechanism of CAVD pathogenesis and indicate that IL-37 has therapeutic potential for suppression of CAVD pathogenesis.
Promising Noises About Media Sound? A Progress Report on the NGA/AdvSS Developments in the ITU-R in 2018/2019 (2019)

This paper introduces the basic concept of next-generation audio (NGA)/International Telecommunications Union - Radiocommunication (ITU-R) Advanced Sound System (AdvSS), which is intended to provide the next generation of sound accompanying television for broadcast and broadband, and possibly also for radio services. Recent years have seen the standardization of the end-to-end elements of such a system, including the options for the basic ingredients of future sound services, arrangements for loudspeakers, the necessary metadata, and rendering of the delivered signals to loudspeaker feeds. Progress in these areas is outlined in this paper.
The role of cytokinins during micropropagation of wych elm (2012)

We have compared the influence of two aromatic cytokinin derivatives, N 6-benzyladenine (BA) and meta-topolin (mT), on the in vitro multiplication and senescence of wych elm (Ulmus glabra Huds.). After 3 months of cultivation, the micropropagation rate was higher (approx. six times more shoots developed) on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with mT than on MS supplemented with BA. Quantification of 50 endogenous cytokinins, using a recently developed UPLC-ESI(+)-MS/MS method, showed significant differences in the cytokinin metabolites (especially different glucosides) in explants cultivated on media supplemented with BA or mT. Differences in efficiency of photosystem II was also detected.
Nonlinear Dimensionality Reduction for Discriminative Analytics of Multiple Datasets (2018)

Principal component analysis (PCA) is widely used for feature extraction and dimensionality reduction, with documented merits in diverse tasks involving high-dimensional data. PCA copes with one dataset at a time, but it is challenged when it comes to analyzing multiple datasets jointly. In certain data science settings however, one is often interested in extracting the most discriminative information from one dataset of particular interest (a.k.a. target data) relative to the other(s) (a.k.a. background data). To this end, this paper puts forth a novel approach, termed discriminative (d) PCA, for such discriminative analytics of multiple datasets. Under certain conditions, dPCA is proved to be least-squares optimal in recovering the latent subspace vector unique to the target data relative to background data. To account for nonlinear data correlations, (linear) dPCA models for one or multiple background datasets are generalized through kernel-based learning. Interestingly, all dPCA variants admit an analytical solution obtainable with a single (generalized) eigenvalue decomposition. Finally, substantial dimensionality reduction tests using synthetic and real datasets are provided to corroborate the merits of the proposed methods.
Hyperbaric oxygen treatment of mandibular osteoradionecrosis: Combined data from the two randomized clinical trials DAHANCA-21 and NWHHT2009-1 (2021)

Hyperbaric oxygen did not significantly improve the healing outcome of osteoradionecrosis after surgical removal of necrotic bone as compared to standard care (70% vs. 51%). This effect is not statistically significant due to the fact that the study was underpowered and is therefore prone to type II error.
Smoking-induced immune deviation contributes to progression of bladder and other cancers (2015)

We propose here that cigarette smoke (CS), in addition to its established genotoxic effects, elicits chronic albeit sub-clinical immune suppression, which is a major contributor to cancer progression. This hypothesis, presented here primarily in the context of bladder cancers (BCs), is applicable to other cancers, including those without a confirmed link to smoking.
Factor‐inhibiting hypoxia‐inducible factor (FIH) catalyses the post‐translational hydroxylation of histidinyl residues within ankyrin repeat domains (2011)

Factor-inhibiting hypoxia-inducible factor (FIH) is an Fe(II)/2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase that acts as a negative regulator of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) by catalysing β-hydroxylation of an asparaginyl residue in its C-terminal transcriptional activation domain (CAD). In addition to the hypoxia-inducible factor C-terminal transcriptional activation domain (HIF-CAD), FIH also catalyses asparaginyl hydroxylation of many ankyrin repeat domain-containing proteins, revealing a broad sequence selectivity. However, there are few reports on the selectivity of FIH for the hydroxylation of specific residues. Here, we report that histidinyl residues within the ankyrin repeat domain of tankyrase-2 can be hydroxylated by FIH. NMR and crystallographic analyses show that the histidinyl hydroxylation occurs at the β-position. The results further expand the scope of FIH-catalysed hydroxylations.
Reactivity of Electron-Deficient Alkynes on Gold Nanoparticles (2013)

Propiolates cyclotrimerize in the presence of catalytic amounts of gold nanoparticles to give aryl benzoates in high yields and with turnover frequencies of thousands per hour. Types of alkynes other than propiolates do not react, and, if molecular oxygen is present and dissociated by the gold nanoparticles, electron-rich arenes engage with the propiolate to form a new C–C bond. The activation of propiolates and electron-rich arenes to form C–C bonds, beyond gold-catalyzed Michael additions, constitutes a new example of how and where gold nanoparticles modify the electronic density of unsaturated C–C bonds and opens the door to future transformations.
ChemInform Abstract: Speed Up and Control Living Polymerizations. Metalloporphyrins Initiate the Reaction and Control the Molecular Weight. Adding an Appropriate Lewis Acid Increases the Rate (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.