gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Employing channel probing to derive end-of-life service margins for optical spectrum services (2023)

Optical spectrum as a service (OSaaS) spanning over multiple transparent optical network domains can significantly reduce the investment and operational costs of the end-to-end service. Based on the black-link approach, these services are empowered by reconfigurable transceivers and the emerging disaggregation trend in optical transport networks. This work investigates the accuracy aspects of the channel probing method used in generalized signal-to-noise ratio (GSNR)-based OSaaS characterization in terrestrial brownfield systems. OSaaS service margins to accommodate impacts from enabling neighboring channels and end-of-life channel loads are experimentally derived in a systematic lab study carried out in the Open Ireland testbed. The applicability of the lab-derived margins is then verified in the HEAnet production network using a 400 GHz wide OSaaS. Finally, the probing accuracy is tested by depleting the GSNR margin through power adjustments utilizing the same 400 GHz OSaaS in the HEAnet live network. A minimum of 0.92 dB and 1.46 dB of service margin allocation is recommended to accommodate the impacts of enabling neighboring channels and end-of-life channel loads. A further 0.6 dB of GSNR margin should be allocated to compensate for probing inaccuracies.
Hardware Parallel Architecture of a 3D Surface Reconstruction: Marching Cubes Algorithm (2012)

International audience
Performance comparisons between direct NRZ and gain-switched RZ modulation on Fabry-Perot lasers (2006)

We firstly study the performance comparisons between direct non-return to zero and gain-switched return to zero data formats on a Fabry-Perot laser. With high speed electrical AND gate, we also investigate the relation between the pulse width of electrical drive signal and the quality of optical eye diagrams. It is found that shorter pulse width of electrical signal can completely eliminate the pattern effect and the sensitivity of RZ format is 3.8-dB better than NRZ format at data rate = 2.488-Gbps.
Effect of Relaxin Expressing Adenovirus for Rat Skin Flap Viability (2010)

Purpose: Of various effects of relaxin, we assumed that anti-fibrotic effects, neovascularization effects and vasodilatation effects of relaxin might enhance the survival rate of skin flap. In the current study, we used adenovirus expressing relaxin genes to examine whether these genes could enhance the survival rate of a skin flap. Methods: A total of 30 Sprangue-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: RLX group (10; relaxin virus injected group), CTR group (10; no gene coded virus injection group), and PBS group (10; PBS injected group). Each group was intradermally injected with the virus ( PFU) and PBS 48 hours before and immediately before the flap elevation. A distally based flap in size was elevated on the dorsal aspect of each rat. Following this, a flap was placed in the original location and then sutured using a #4-0 Nylon. A surviving area of the flap was measured and then compared on postoperative days 3, 7 and 10. Using a laser Doppler, the amount of blood flow was measured. On postoperative day 10, tissues were harvested for histologic examination and the number of blood vessels was counted. Results: There was a significant increase in the area of the flap survival in the RLX group on postoperative days 3 and 7. The Doppler measurement also showed significantly increased blood flow immediately after the operation and on postoperative days 7 and 10. The number of blood vessels was significantly greater in the RLX group in the tissue harvested on postoperative day 10. The VEGF concentration was significantly higher in the RLX group than others in the tissues harvested on postoperative day 10. Conclusion: Following an analysis of the effects of relaxin-secreting adenovirus on the survival of a flap, the surviving area of the flap and the blood flow also increased. A histopathology also showed an increase in the number of blood vessels and the concentration of VEGF.
ChemInform Abstract: Transamination of Fluorinated β‐Keto Carboxylic Esters. A Biomimetic Approach to β‐Polyfluoroalkyl β‐Amino Acids. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Germanate glass as a window for high energy laser systems (2006)

A modified Barium Gallo-Germanate glass has been developed as an exit window for high energy lasers operating in the mid-infrared wavelength region. All the physical properties, for application as a window for high energy laser systems have been measured. Absorption loss and thermo-optic coefficient were identified as key in developing the Barium Gallo-Germanate glass for high energy laser applications. A purification method was developed to reduce the absorption loss of the glass from 6x10(-2) cm(-1) to 2x10(-3) cm(-1) at 3.8 mum. Manufacturability in large size windows has been demonstrated with the fabrication of an 18" diameter prototype window. Modified Barium Gallo-Germanate glasses have also been developed with lower thermo-optic coefficient resulting in lower optical path distortion.
Vascular growth factors and the development of macrovascular disease in diabetes mellitus. (1987)

The pathogenesis of macrovascular disease in diabetes mellitus is still incompletely understood. Within the various pathomechanisms abnormal growth of vascular cells is well established as an intrinsic part of the angiopathic process. In this regard, there are different groups of vascular growth factors that are of potential relevance for the development of macrovascular disease in diabetes : hormones, locally released growth factors of platelet and of arterial wall cell origin. The following hormones whose blood levels could increase under various conditions in diabetes have to be considered : growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor I and II and insulin. Human platelets contain at least eight growth peptides or proteins that all stimulate in vitro growth of arterial wall cells : platelet-derived-, epidermal-, fibroblast-, diabetic serum-, endothelial- and transforming growth factor, vascular endothelial cell proliferation factor and platelet-derived endothelial cell mitogen. In serum and plasma from type II diabetics only the diabetic serum growth factor has been shown to be increased. Platelets from type I and II diabetic patients contain increased growth stimulating activity. This increased growth activity returned to normal levels in both types of diabetes after strict metabolic control. Arterial endothelial and smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts and monocyte/macrophages of different species release at least in culture a variety of growth factors that could participate in an autocrine or paracrine manner in the growth regulation of the arterial wall. Diabetes may affect the release of these factors, but direct evidence to which degree this would contribute to the development of macrovascular disease is lacking.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Robustness to channel variation in source coding for transmission across noisy channels (2002)

We consider the problem of lossy source coding for transmission across an unknown or time-varying noisy channel. The objective is to design an optimal compression system for applications where the unknown channel characteristics are independently estimated at the channel encoder and decoder. Channel estimation reliability is allowed to vary from perfect channel identification to no channel identification. In each case, the goal in system design and operation is to achieve the best possible expected performance with respect to the unknown channel state and the accuracy of the channel estimators. We describe an optimal design technique and an algorithm for achieving optimal expected performance for the entire array of channel estimation accuracies. The resulting system achieves up to 9 dB improvement over the performance on a system designed assuming zero probability of error when used to encode a collection of medical brain scans for transmission across a finite state channel containing two equally probable binary symmetric channels with crossover probabilities .05 and .001.
Targeted Cytotoxic Therapy Kills Persisting HIV Infected Cells During ART (2020)

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) can reduce HIV levels in plasma to undetectable levels, but rather little is known about the effects of ART outside of the peripheral blood regarding persistent virus production in tissue reservoirs. Understanding the dynamics of ART-induced reductions in viral RNA (vRNA) levels throughout the body is important for the development of strategies to eradicate infectious HIV from patients. Essential to a successful eradication therapy is a component capable of killing persisting HIV infected cells during ART. Therefore, we determined the in vivo efficacy of a targeted cytotoxic therapy to kill infected cells that persist despite long-term ART. For this purpose, we first characterized the impact of ART on HIV RNA levels in multiple organs of bone marrow-liver-thymus (BLT) humanized mice and found that antiretroviral drug penetration and activity was sufficient to reduce, but not eliminate, HIV production in each tissue tested. For targeted cytotoxic killing of these persistent vRNA+ cells, we treated BLT mice undergoing ART with an HIV-specific immunotoxin. We found that compared to ART alone, this agent profoundly depleted productively infected cells systemically. These results offer proof-of-concept that targeted cytotoxic therapies can be effective components of HIV eradication strategies.
Electric-Field Effects in Solid-State Ionic Devices (2009)

The performance of solid-state ionic devices is often dependent on chemisorption and surface reactions. Due to the nature of these processes, they can be influenced with electric fields. The primary focus of this work is to explore the use of externally-generated (i.e., not directly biased) electric fields to modify the behavior and performance of solid-state gas sensors. This electric-field effect was displayed using a planar gas sensor, which consisted of sensing electrodes exposed to the same environment. The effect was further investigated using an air-reference sample to simultaneously monitor changes in the electrical properties of a semiconducting oxide/electrolyte couple and changes in gas composition as a result of the electric field. In order to gauge effects to the semiconducting oxide alone, temperature programmed desorption (TPD) experiments were conducted. Changes in catalytic conversion, shifts in adsorption energies, and modifications to the sensor signals are discussed.
A Novel Brain-Targeted Antioxidant (AD4) Attenuates Haloperidol-Induced Abnormal Movement in Rats: (2005)

Haloperidol causes behavioral abnormalities associated with oxidative stress in rats, similar to TD. AD4, the brain-targeted potent antioxidant, reduces the cellular oxidation markers and improves the typical clinical behavior. Hence, AD4 is a potential new treatment of antipsychotic-induced TD.
Localization length of integrated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (2014)

We prepared CNT based vias on wafer scale. Based on the electrical characterization we extracted the localization length of the CNTs. While for short CNTs the classical transport regime is valid, the Anderson localization regime applies for longer CNTs. Supplementary the characteristic length scales were estimated based on the structure of the CNTs being in good agreement with the parameters extracted from the electrical measurements.
Miconazole Induces Fungistasis and Increases Killing of Candida albicans Subjected to Photodynamic Therapy† (2011)

Cutaneous and mucocutaneous Candida infections are considered to be important targets for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDT). Clinical application of antimicrobial PDT will require strategies that enhance microbial killing while minimizing damage to host tissue. Increasing the sensitivity of infectious agents to PDT will help achieve this goal. Our previous studies demonstrated that raising the level of oxidative stress in Candida by interfering with fungal respiration increased the efficiency of PDT. Therefore, we sought to identify compounds in clinical use that would augment the oxidative stress caused by PDT by contributing to reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation themselves. Based on the ability of the antifungal miconazole to induce ROS in Candida, we tested several azole antifungals for their ability to augment PDT in vitro. Although miconazole and ketoconazole both stimulated ROS production in Candida albicans, only miconazole enhanced the killing of C. albicans and induced prolonged fungistasis in organisms that survived PDT using the porphyrin TMP-1363 and the phenothiazine methylene blue as photosensitizers. The data suggest that miconazole could be used to increase the efficacy of PDT against C. albicans, and its mechanism of action is likely to be multifactorial.
NESC: Robust Neural End-2-End Speech Coding with GANs (2022)

Neural networks have proven to be a formidable tool to tackle the problem of speech coding at very low bit rates. However, the design of a neural coder that can be operated robustly under real-world conditions remains a major challenge. Therefore, we present Neural End-2-End Speech Codec (NESC) a robust, scalable end-to-end neural speech codec for high-quality wideband speech coding at 3 kbps. The encoder uses a new architecture configuration, which relies on our proposed DualPathConvRNN (DPCRNN) layer, while the decoder architecture is based on our previous work Streamwise-StyleMelGAN. Our subjective listening tests on clean and noisy speech show that NESC is particularly robust to unseen conditions and signal perturbations.
Persistent 7-tesla phase rim predicts poor outcome in new multiple sclerosis patient lesions (2016)

The Intramural Research Program of NINDS supported this study.
Fabrication of silicon nanowires on suspended carbon nanotubes (2007)

Gut microbiota of mice undergoing chemotherapy exhibited a distinct disruption in bacterial composition. Probiotic did modulate the abundance and diversity of gut microbiota. This is the first study to analyze the effects and safety of Lactobacillus strains on 5-FU-induced mucositis systematically and assess changes in the intestinal microbiota after probiotic intervention.
Biocidal hydantoinylsiloxane polymers. IV. N‐halamine siloxane‐functionalized silica gel (2006)

Abstract The monomer 5,5‐dimethyl‐3‐(3′‐triethoxysilylpropyl)hydantoin and its hydrolysis product polymer poly[3‐(5,5‐dimethylhydantoinylpropyl)hydroxysiloxane] were employed to functionalize the surfaces of silica gel particles in order to produce an adhered film that becomes biocidal upon chlorination with dilute sodium hypochlorite bleach. The biocidal efficacy of the functionalized silica gel was demonstrated in a cartridge filter experiment against the bacterial pathogens Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli O157:H7. Complete 6 log inactivations of the two bacterial species were observed within 30 s of contact. Moreover, upon loss of biocidal activity due to depletion of bound chlorine, the coated silica gel particles could be recharged by further exposure to dilute bleach. Potential uses of the biocidal silica gel include disinfection and odor control in water treatment facilities and recirculating baths. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 3448–3454, 2006
La supresión de la autorización administrativa en los expedientes de regulación de empleo: una vía intermedia (2009)

El mantenimiento o supresion de la autorizacion administrativa en los expedientes de regulacion de empleo es un tema de permanente actualidad. Sin cuestionarse su continuidad, es posible mejorar su regimen legal; por ejemplo, con la supresion del recurso de alzada y la atribucion del control judicial al orden jurisdiccional social; mayor precision del elemento causal de los despidos por causas empresariales, la potenciacion del papel mediador de la Administracion y una mejor definicion del denominado plan de acompanamiento social.
Características das células parasitadas pelo Trypanosoma cruzi na parede da veia central das supra-renais de Chagásicos crônicos (1986)

Foram analisados os aspectos das células musculares parasitadas pelo Trypanosoma cruzi, na veia da supra-renal de chagásicos crônicos, através de exame ao microscópio óptico de lâminas coradas pela hematoxilina-eosina (HE), PAS, Feulgen e peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) para antigenos do T. cruzi. Além das modificações nucleares descritas anteriormente, os leiomiócitos parasitados exibem alterações citoplasmáticas que podem ser vistas mesmo em células que albergam poucos parasitas. As formas amastigotas geralmente estão envoltas por halo claro e o citoplasma restante adquire aspecto granuloso ou reticular, basófilopelo HE, sendo sempre PAS e Feulgen negativos. Estes dados sugerem que o material basófilo no citoplasma deve ser RNA ribossômico. A periferia dos ninhos que mostram uma "membrana" com reação do PAP para antigenos do T. cruzi fortemente positiva, poderia ser devida a reação cruzada de material celular rechaçado para a periferia ou a difusão de antigenos do T. cruzi e sua adsorção à periferia celular. O material citoplasmático PAP positivo poderia resultar de artefato, de reação imunocitoquimica cruzada, de antigenos tripanossomóticos difundidos ou de antigenos tripanossoma-simile resultantes de interações entre o leiomiócito e o parasita.
Neuron MOS binary-logic integrated circuits. II. Simplifying techniques of circuit configuration and their practical applications (1993)

For pt.I see ibid., vol.40, no.3, p.570-6 (March 1993). The fundamental circuit ideas developed by the authors in Part I are applied to practical circuits, and the impact of neuron MOSFET on the implementation of binary-logic circuits is examined. For this purpose, two techniques are presented to simplify the circuit configurations. It is shown that the input-stage D/A converter circuit in the basic configuration can be eliminated without any major problems, resulting in improved noise margins and speed performance. Then a design technique for symmetric functions, which is especially important when the number of input variables increases, is presented. The nu MOS logic design is characterized by a large reduction in the number of transistors as well as of interconnections. However, the decrease in transistor count comes at a cost in process tolerance due to the multivalued nature of the device operation. Test circuits were fabricated by a typical double-polysilicon CMOS process, and the measurement results are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Timing of endoscopy for acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding: a territory-wide cohort study (2021)

Compared with urgent and late endoscopy among patients who have received therapeutic endoscopies, early endoscopy was associated with superior outcomes especially among patients with non-variceal bleeding. This supports the notion that non-variceal AUGIB patients should receive endoscopy within 24 hours, but also emphasises the importance of prior resuscitation and pharmacotherapy.
Cardiac Fibrosis Following Myocardial Ischemia is Mitigated by Mesenchymal Stem Cell Exosomes (2021)

Objective Myocardial infarction is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Following an ischemic event there is activation of macrophages and fibroblasts leading to scar formation. It is critical to limit the pro‐fibrotic remodeling and activate the reparative, regenerative remodeling phase to limit cardiac diastolic dysfunction. We studied the effect of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) exosomes on the extent of cardiac fibrosis in acute and chronic ischemia models. Methods Acute or chronic ischemia was induced in 8‐10 week old healthy male wild‐type mice by ligating the left coronary artery (LCA) for 1 hour or 7 days, respt. Mice were pretreated with MSC exosomes or saline as control. At 3 hrs (acute ischemia) or 7 days (chronic ischemia) after LCA ligation, the animals were euthanized and hearts were isolated. Hearts were sectioned into infarct and adjacent non‐infarct areas and used for further studies. Results Following acute ischemia, there was activation of inflammatory signals, more in the peri‐infarct than in the infarct area, in the saline treated mice. IL1b, LOX‐1, PCSK9, and NFkB were overexpressed in the infarct areas. MSC exosome treatment reduced expression of IL1b, LOX‐1, PCSK9, and NFkB in infarct areas of the LCA ligated mice hearts. At the same time, expression of cardiac remodeling signals (vimentin, collagens‐1 and ‐3, fibronectin, MMP‐2 and TIMP‐2), was more in the infarct area. MSC exosomes treatment suppressed inflammatory signals during acute as well as chronic ischemia. Following chronic ischemia, we observed increased interstitial and peri‐vascular fibrosis in saline treated mice hearts, which was suppressed by MSC exosome treatment. Proteomic analysis of the saline‐ and exosome‐treated LCA ligated hearts revealed differentially expressed proteins and upstream regulators of cellular function. Comparison of biological processes of exosome‐treated vs saline‐treated LCA ligated hearts showed suppression of fibrosis and interstitial fibrosis along with fibrogenesis. There exist differential regulation of transcription factors that govern fibrotic processes. There was an intense expression of IL‐1b and activation of pro‐fibrotic signals in the saline‐treated ischemia hearts and their suppression in MSC exosome‐treated hearts. The results of proteomic studies were concordant with the limitation of fibrosis and inflammatory modulators in the exosome‐treated hearts. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the early molecular events deciphering the molecular and proteomics events to explain MSC exosome‐mediated suppression of scar formation in the ischemic mouse hearts. Conclusions MSC exosome treatment significantly reduced interstitial fibrosis in chronic ischemic hearts suggesting that they promote pro‐regenerative cardiac ECM remodeling, in both infarct and peri‐infarct areas by suppressing fibronectin secretion and by modulating collagen secretion to reduce fibrotic scar formation through altered cellular signaling pathways.
THETA-DATA: Introduction to rotational seismology and its potential uses. (2012)

Abstract not provided.
Energy Conversion Efficiency Enhancement of Polyethylene Glycol and a SiO2 Composite Doped with Ni, Co, Zn, and Sc Oxides (2022)

Doping the SiO<sub>2</sub> support with Co, Ni, Zn, and Sc improves the thermal conductivity of a hybrid PEG/SiO<sub>2</sub> form-stable phase change material (PCM). Doping also improves the energy utilization efficiency and speeds up the charging and discharging rates. The thermal, chemical, and hydrothermal stability of the PEG/Zn-SiO<sub>2</sub> and PEG/Sc-SiO<sub>2</sub> hybrid materials is better than that of the other doped materials. The phase change enthalpy of PEG/Zn-SiO<sub>2</sub> is 147.6 J/g lower than that of PEG/Sc-SiO<sub>2</sub>, while the thermal conductivity is 40% higher. The phase change enthalpy of 155.8 J/g of PEG/Sc-SiO<sub>2</sub> PCM is very close to that of the parent PEG. PEG/Sc-SiO<sub>2</sub> also demonstrates excellent thermal stability when subjected to 200 consecutive heating-cooling cycles and outstanding hydrothermal stability when examined under a stream at 120 °C for 2 h. The supercooling of the PEG/Sc-SiO<sub>2</sub> system is the lowest among the tested materials. In addition, the developed PCM composite has a high energy storage capacity and high thermal energy storage/release rates.