gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hard X-ray full-field nanoimaging using a direct photon-counting detector (2023)

Full-field X-ray nanoimaging is a widely used tool in a broad range of scientific areas. In particular, for low-absorbing biological or medical samples, phase contrast methods have to be considered. Three well established phase contrast methods at the nanoscale are transmission X-ray microscopy with Zernike phase contrast, near-field holography and near-field ptychography. The high spatial resolution, however, often comes with the drawback of a lower signal-to-noise ratio and significantly longer scan times, compared with microimaging. In order to tackle these challenges a single-photon-counting detector has been implemented at the nanoimaging endstation of the beamline P05 at PETRA III (DESY, Hamburg) operated by Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon. Thanks to the long sample-to-detector distance available, spatial resolutions of below 100 nm were reached in all three presented nanoimaging techniques. This work shows that a single-photon-counting detector in combination with a long sample-to-detector distance allows one to increase the time resolution for in situ nanoimaging, while keeping a high signal-to-noise level.
Flow Control and Active Queue Management for Integrated Services in an Aeronautical Satellite Network (2006)

The IP-based broadband aeronautical satellite network will provide numerous new applications and services for both airspace system operations and passenger communications. Application of commercial off the shelf technologies and techniques has the potential to make network operations economically and technically realizable. However the performance of data communication protocols and applications over aeronautical satellite networks is degraded dramatically. For the satellite channel, the window based flow control algorithm may cause transient congestion. The flow control mechanisms with or without explicit feedback from the congested resource are limited in performance and not effective. We propose a hierarchical scheduler for satellite gateways. Different service disciplines are used for integrated services. A Random Early Detection Flow Control (REDFC) algorithm is proposed for best-effort traffic at the satellite gateways. In REDFC, each packet is transmitted with a probability that is a function of the queue length. If the packet is not transmitted successfully, it will be retransmitted after certain time interval. We also propose a virtual parallel queue structure as a new active queue management scheme for short life and long life web traffic. The new flow control and active queue management schemes will provide better performance for integrated services in aeronautical satellite networks.
The function of superoxide dismutase during the enzymatic formation of the free radical of ribonucleotide reductase. (1987)

An enzyme system from Escherichia coli activates an inactive form of ribonucleotide reductase by transforming a tyrosine residue of the enzyme into a cationic free radical. The process requires NAD(P)H, a flavin, dithiothreitol, and oxygen and at least three proteins. After purification to near homogeneity two of the proteins were identified as superoxide dismutase and NAD(P)H:flavin oxidoreductase (Fontecave, M., Eliasson, R., and Reichard, P. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 12325-12331). The nature of the third protein, provisionally named Fraction b, is unknown. The flavin reductase is believed to reduce the ferric iron center of the ribonucleotide reductase as a prerequisite for radical generation. Here we demonstrate that the flavin reductase under aerobic conditions generates superoxide anions which inactivate ribonucleotide reductase. Superoxide dismutase protects the enzyme or a sensitive intermediate formed during the generation of the tyrosyl radical from the harmful effects of superoxide. Hydrogen peroxide, formed by superoxide dismutase, is also harmful. In this case, catalase present in Fraction b might protect the system. Fraction b has, however, an additional unknown function in the overall process of radical generation.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Distinctive Features of the Differentiated Phenotype and Infiltration of Tumor-Reactive Lymphocytes in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 58K, HLA-class II expression of RCC tumor lines with or without CIITA transduction. Tumor lines were labeled with isotype control (open histograms) or anti-HLA DR Ab (filled histograms) and analyzed on FACSCantoII&lt;/p&gt;
High performance multi-bit nonvolatile HfO/sub 2/ nanocrystal memory using spinodal phase separation of hafnium silicate (2005)

In this paper, we exploit a novel technique for preparing high density HfO/sub 2/ nanocrystals with an average size > 10nm using spinodal phase separation of Hf-silicate thin film by 900/spl deg/C rapid thermal annealing for nonvolatile memories. The density can be as high as 0.9/spl sim/1.9/spl times/10/sup 12/cm/sup -2/. Owing to the fact that HfO/sub 2/ nanocrystals are well embedded inside SiO/sub 2/ matrix and their sufficiently deep energy level, we, for the first time, have demonstrated superior characteristics of the nanocrystal memory in terms of considerably large memory window, high speed program/erase (1 /spl mu/s/0.1ms), long retention time greater than 108s for 10/sup 8/s charge loss, excellent endurance after 10/sup 6/ P/E cycles, negligible read/write disturbances and multi-bit operation.
Control of Thermal Radiation by Intersubband Transitions in Quantum Wells and Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystals (2010)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text M. De Zoysa, T. Asano, Y. Minato, and S. Noda, "Control of Thermal Radiation by Intersubband Transitions in Quantum Wells and Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystals," in Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics 2010, OSA Technical Digest (CD) (Optica Publishing Group, 2010), paper CTuH4. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
P2Y 14 receptor inhibition reverses mechanical sensitivity in a mouse model of chronic neuropathic pain (2022)

Chronic neuropathic pain is a major health issue and an economic burden that affects large numbers of people. Patients suffering from chronic pain have a significantly lowered quality of life, and to date there are no effective treatments for neuropathic pain. The P2Y 14 receptor (P2Y 14 R) is a purinergic G‐protein coupled receptor that binds nucleotide‐sugars. P2RY14 is widely expressed in the body and is found in the immune system and nervous tissues. Few studies provide evidence that P2Y 14 R is involved in pain conditions. In rat traumatic nerve injury‐induced pain and post‐surgical pain models, P2RY14 transcript levels were found to increase on the same side of the spinal cord as the nerve injury. In addition, P2Y 14 R expression was elevated in an inflammatory pain model after a complete Freund’s adjuvant injection in the rat trigeminal ganglia. Taken together, we hypothesize that the P2Y 14 R plays a role in the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain. To test this, we used peripheral nerve injury model of neuropathic pain and tested several novel P2R 14 R antagonists, which had varying potencies and bioavailabilities. Adult male ICR mice went through unilateral chronic constriction of the sciatic nerve, and on day 7 post injury they received a P2Y 14 R antagonist intraperitoneally and the mechanical sensitivity in the hind paws was assessed. The antagonists rapidly (≤30 min) attenuated, some even reversed, mechanical sensitivity in the mice, with maximal effects observed typically within 1 h post‐injection, in a dose‐dependent manner. Overall, our findings provide evidence that the P2Y 14 R is a potential therapeutic target for treating chronic pain, and its antagonists can be candidate drugs for pain treatment.
A comparison of multiuser receivers for cellular CDMA (2002)

We present a comparison of four of the most discussed multiuser receiver structures: the decorrelator, the minimum mean square error (MMSE) receiver, the multistage parallel interference cancellation receiver, and the successive interference cancellation receiver. Comparisons are based on both theoretical analysis and simulation results. We examine the bit error rate (BER) performance in AWGN, Rayleigh fading, and near/far channels, as well as the computational complexity. Finally, we present results for non-coherent implementations of the aforementioned receivers.
Response to Comment on Widely tunable compact terahertz gas lasers (2020)

We recently demonstrated a widely tunable THz molecular laser and reported mathematical formulas and a table for comparing how various molecules would perform as such lasers (Chevalier et al., Science, 15 November 2019, p. 856-860). Here we correct the value of a single parameter used to calculate the table (see Erratum for Chevalier et al.), thereby eliminating the concerns raised by Lampin and Barbieri (Lampin et al., arXiv:2004.04422). We also show that our simplified model for the output THz power is a better approximation than the alternative one proposed in the technical comment.
Presence of indigestible peptide aggregates of soybean meal in pig ileal digesta residue (2007)

Abstract With the purpose of analysing the molecular size and composition, proteinaceous material was extracted from the insoluble components of a digesta sample obtained from pigs fed a feed consisting of only soybean meal. Gel permeation chromatography indicated that the alkali‐extractable fraction of the proteinaceous material from the residue was of relatively high apparent molecular weight. However, the combined results from gel electrophoresis, RPLC‐MS, and MALDI‐ToF MS showed that the extracted protein material was in fact, to a high extent, composed of aggregated peptides. To our knowledge this has not previously been described. Aggregates extracted by dilute alkali were fully degraded upon subsequent proteolytic treatment. N‐terminal sequencing of selected protein bands from SDS‐PAGE gels indicated the presence of partly degraded β‐conglycinin alpha subunits in the residue. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Novel 5-(3-Aryl-2-propynyl)-5-(arylsulfonyl)thiazolidine-2,4-diones as Antihyperglycemic Agents (1998)

Novel 5-(3-aryl-2-propynyl)-5-(arylsulfonyl)thiazolidine-2,4-diones and 5-(3-aryl-2-propynyl)-5-(arylsulfanyl)thiazolidine-2,4-diones were prepared and evaluated as oral antihyperglycemic agents in the obese, insulin resistant db/db mouse model at 100 mg/kg and, if the analogue had sufficient potency, 20 mg/kg. The sulfonylthiazolidinediones, 2, were more potent than the corresponding sulfanylthiazolidinedione congeners, 1. With regard to substituent effects on the 3-propynyl phenyl ring (Ar‘) of 2, 4-halogen substitution generally resulted in the more potent analogues. Substituent effects on the phenylsulfonyl moiety (Ar) of 2 were less clear, although para-halogen substitution on Ar generally was preferable. 2-Pyridinesulfonyl derivatives (Ar = 2-pyridine in 2) also had good potency. Several compounds from series 2 were effective at lowering glucose and insulin in the obese, insulin resistant ob/ob mouse at the 50 mg/kg oral dose. Compound 20 significantly improved the glucose tolerance of obese, insulin resistant Zucker rats at the 20 mg/kg dose level and had no effect on plasma glucose or on glucose tolerance in normal rats fasted for 18 h at the 100 mg/kg level.
Increased Local Inflammatory Response to MOC31PE Immunotoxin After Cytoreductive Surgery and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (2021)

Our study revealed a predominately local rather than systemic inflammatory response to CRS-HIPEC, which was strongly enhanced by MOC31PE treatment. The MOC31PE-induced intraperitoneal inflammatory reaction could contribute to improve remnant cancer cell killing, but the mechanisms remain to be elucidated in future studies.
On the surface modifications of high-voltage oxide cathodes for lithium-ion batteries: new insight and significant safety improvement (2010)

A layered oxide solid solution of LiMeO2 and Li2MnO3 (Me = Ni, Co, Fe, etc.), represented by the general formula Li[Li1−x−yMexMny]O2, is being considered a promising cathode for advanced lithium-ion batteries owing to its high capacity. Here, the surface of high-voltage oxide cathode, specifically Li[Li0.167Ni0.233Co0.100Mn0.467Mo0.033]O2, is modified with Al2O3 and AlPO4 to address critical issues relating to safety and stability during cycling. Using in situ measurement of internal cell pressure, we demonstrate that the oxygen gas evolution upon high voltage charging is serious enough to raise a safety issue in practical batteries, but the problem can be greatly mitigated by surface modification. Furthermore, surface modification effectively prevents transition metal ions from leaching out of the electrode during cycling at elevated temperatures. The in-depth structural and electrochemical analyses indicate that in addition to the coated Al2O3 and AlPO4 species, Al3+ ions incorporated into the transition metal layers modify the surface structure and play a crucial role in improving safety and stability. Our experimental findings provide a direction to future developments of high capacity electrodes and batteries that are tolerant to high-voltage charging and high-temperature environments.
Concept of a Micro Gyroscope Using Electro-Conjugate Fluid (ECF) and Development of an ECF Micro Gyro-Motor (2006)

We propose a novel micro gyroscope using electro-conjugate fluid. The electro-conjugate fluid (ECF) is a dielectric fluid that produces a powerful flow (ECF jet) when subjected to high DC voltage. Using the ECF, we developed a micromotor having no output axis (an ECF micro gyro-motor) in which a disk plate rotor rotates and floats due to the ECF jet. When angular velocity is applied to the ECF gyro-motor, the floating rotor declines against the stator. Measuring the deflection angle enables us to detect the angular velocity. We fabricated ECF micro gyro motors with a rotor diameter of 3mm and 1.5mm to obtain design guidelines for the ECF micro gyroscope, and developed an ECF micro gyroscope. Experiments confirm the possibility of the ECF micro gyroscope.
DIABETES MELLITUS FOLLOWING PANCREAS TRANSPLANTATION (2004)

O312 Aim: Diabetes mellitus following pancreas transplantation is commonly attributed to graft loss, but may occur despite an otherwise well-functioning pancreas allograft. We sought to define the incidence and possible causes of diabetes mellitus after pancreas transplantation. Methods: We retrospectively studied all patients (n=88) undergoing pancreas transplantation at our institution between January 2001 and December 2002. Diabetes mellitus was defined as: 1) the need for pharmacotherapy to achieve a non-diabetic fasting serum glucose (<126 mg/dl) and 2) evidence of graft function, i.e. an increase in serum C-peptide from pretransplant levels and a normal allograft ultrasound. Data were analyzed using Student’s t-test and the Chi-square test and are expressed as median (25%-75% inter-quartile range). Results: Of the 88 patients receiving pancreas transplants, 81 had Type 1 diabetes mellitus and 7 had Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Forty-seven patients (53%) received a pancreas after kidney transplant, 29 (33%) received a pancreas transplant alone and 12 (14%) received a simultaneous kidney-pancreas transplant. Median follow-up was 25 months (18-30 months). Actual 1-year patient and graft survival were 97% and 90%, respectively. During the entire study period, 4 grafts were lost to immediate post-operative thrombosis, 2 to late thrombosis, and 5 to patient death with a functioning graft. Of the remaining 77 patients, 57 (74%) remained normoglycemic, 6 (8%) were hyperglycemic for less than 1 month and 14 (18%) required pharmacotherapy longer than 1 month despite evidence of graft function. Hyperglycemia occurred in 23% (16/70) of Type 1 diabetics and 57% (4/7, p=0.0489) of Type 2 diabetics. Other factors associated with hyperglycemia included: high pre-transplant insulin dose, high BMI and increased rejection episodes (p<0.0001, p=0.0005 and p=0.0002, respectively). With respect to insulin dose, hyperglycemia developed in all patients (6/6) requiring >100 units of insulin/day pretransplant, in 83% (10/12) requiring >75 units/day and in only 15% (10/65) of those requiring ≤75 units/day (p< 0.0001). Despite the development of hyperglycemia, glucose control was significantly improved after transplant. The median pretransplant hemoglobin A1c for patients developing hyperglycemia was 8.0 (6.7-8.7) compared to 6.6 (5.5-7.4) 12 months following transplant (p=0.0294). There were no significant differences between the groups with regard to age, gender, pre-transplant hemoglobin A1c, steroid doses or tacrolimus concentrations at 1 month and 1 year. Conclusions: The development of diabetes mellitus in patients with a functioning pancreas allograft is due to high pre-transplant insulin requirements, increased body mass index and rejection episodes. However, despite the persistent hyperglycemia, glycemic control is significantly improved after pancreas transplantation.
Lithium Diffusion in LixCoO2 Electrode Materials (1998)

Abstract The minimum energy migration path and the minimum barrier height of lithium diffusion are discussed for the layer compound LixCoO2. The Universal Force Field (UFF) is adapted for use in solid state compounds. Molecular dynamics simulations with additional impulse dynamics method, performed at a microcanonical ensemble, point out that the lithium migration between the Co–O octahedron layers takes place by ion hopping from one octahedral to another octahedral site via an interstitial tetrahedral site. The barrier height of lithium migration is estimated to be 28.7 kJ mol−1 (0.30 eV) for an original layer distance of 2.54 Å; a potential energy profile is developed from molecular mechanics calculations. The observation that the repulsive van der Waals interaction between Li+ and neighboring O2− ions is the most important contribution to the barrier height is consistent with the fact that the activation energy of lithium diffusion is very sensitive to the layer distance, within the experimentally observed values.
Selective Inhibition of DNA Chain Elongation Catalyzed by DNA Polymerases (1988)

Abstract The results of series of works on the properties of a large number of nucleoside 5′-triphosphates analogs in the reaction catalyzed by several DNA polymerases are summarized. Molecular mechanisms of substrate selection by DNA polymerases are not studied in detail. Therefore we have undertaken a comparative analysis of DNA polymerases from different sources employing nucleoside 5′-triphosphate analogs capable of incorporating into DNA chains terminating these chains elongation. Synthesis of a large line of nucleoside 5′-triphosphate analogs with substitution at the sugar residue has been performed. DNA polymerases have been isolated, and the synthesis of DNA has been studied using phage M13 DNA or phage MS2 RNA with synthetic deoxyoligonucleoti-de primers. The molecular mechanism of the substrate action has been determined by PAG electrophoresis of the reaction
Discovery, Synthesis, and Structure–Activity Relationship of a Series of N-Aryl-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxamides: Characterization of ML213 as a Novel KCNQ2 and KCNQ4 Potassium Channel Opener (2011)

Herein we report the discovery, synthesis and evaluation of a series of N-Aryl-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxamides as selective KCNQ2 (K(v)7.2) and KCNQ4 (K(v)7.4) channel openers. The best compound, 1 (ML213) has an EC(50) of 230 nM (KCNQ2) and 510 nM (KCNQ4) and is selective for KCNQ2 and KCNQ4 channels versus a large battery of related potassium channels, as well as affording modest brain levels. This represents the first report of unique selectivity profile for KCNQ2 and KCNQ4 over the other channels (KCNQ1/3/5) and as such should prove to be a valuable tool compound for understanding these channels in regulating neuronal activity.
Molecular Dynamics of the Long Neurotoxin LSIII (2003)

Long neurotoxins bind tightly and specifically to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) in postsynaptic membranes and are useful for exploring the biology of synapses. In crystallographic studies of long neurotoxins the principal binding loop appears disordered, but the NMR solution structure of the long neurotoxin LSIII revealed significant local order, even though the loop is disordered with respect to the globular core. A possible mechanism for conferring global disorder while preserving local order is rigid-body motion of the loop about a hinge region. Here we report investigations of LSIII dynamics based on (13)C(alpha) magnetic relaxation rates and molecular dynamics simulation. The relaxation rates and MD simulation both confirm the hypothesis of rigid-body motion of the loop and place bounds on the extent and time scale of the motion. The bending motion of the loop is slow compared to the rapid fluctuations of individual dihedral angles, reflecting the collective nature and largely entropic free energy profile for hinge bending. The dynamics of the central binding loop in LSIII illustrates two distinct mechanisms by which molecular dynamics directly impacts biological activity. The relative rigidity of key residues involved in recognition at the tip of the central binding loop lowers the otherwise substantial entropic cost of binding. Large excursions of the loop hinge angle may endow the protein with structural plasticity, allowing it to adapt to conformational changes induced in the receptor.
In Utero Stem Cell Transplantation: Potential Therapeutic Application for Muscle Diseases (2017)

Muscular dystrophies, myopathies, and traumatic muscle injury and loss encompass a large group of conditions that currently have no cure. Myoblast transplantations have been investigated as potential cures for these conditions for decades. However, current techniques lack the ability to generate cell numbers required to produce any therapeutic benefit. In utero stem cell transplantation into embryos has been studied for many years mainly in the context of hematopoietic cells and has shown to have experimental advantages and therapeutic applications. Moreover, patient-derived cells can be used for experimental transplantation into nonhuman animal embryos via in utero injection as the immune response is absent at such early stages of development. We therefore propose in utero transplantation as a potential method to generate patient-derived humanized skeletal muscle as well as muscle stem cells in animals for therapeutic purposes as well as patient-specific drug screening.
[Canonical correspondence analysis between phytoplankton community and environmental factors in macrophtic lakes of the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River]. (2013)

The phytoplankton communities in 4 macrophtic lakes (Longgan Lake, Liangzi Lake, Futou Lake and Baoan Lake) in Middle-Lower Yangtze Plain were investigated in September 2011, and 7 phylum and 231 species of phytoplankton were detected in the waters. The results indicated that phytoplankton was mainly composed of Cyanophyta, Bacillariophyta and Chlorophyta. The four lakes were mesotrophic. And the main phytoplankton was Phormidium foveolarum, Synedra ulna, Phormidium tenu and Tribonema minus. The relationships between the distribution of phytoplankton and environmental factors in each sampling site were studies by canonical correspondence analysis. The results demonstrated that pH and Total phosphorus are the key factors for the distribution of phytoplankton communities in 4 typical macrophtic lakes in Middle-Lower Yangtze Plain.
Association of Implementation of a Universal Testing and Treatment Intervention With HIV Diagnosis, Receipt of Antiretroviral Therapy, and Viral Suppression in East Africa (2017)

clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01864683.