gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and mesomorphic properties of α-methylstilbene-based liquid crystals (2009)

Six series of α-methylstilbene-based liquid crystals, i.e. 4-(4-alkylphenyl)-4′-amino-α-methylstilbenes (2a–e), 4-(4-alkylphenyl)-4′-cyano-α-methylstilbenes (3a–e), 4-(4-alkylphenyl)-4′-isothiocyanato-α-methylstilbenes (4a–e), 4′-(trans-4-alkylcyclohexyl)-4-fluoro-α-methylstilbenes (5a–e), 4′-(trans-4-alkylcyclohexyl)-4-amino-α-methylstilbenes (7a–e) and 4′-(trans-4-alkylcyclohexyl)-4-isothiocyanato-α-methylstilbenes (8a–e) were synthesised. All of these α-methylstilbene-based compounds exhibit an enantiotropic nematic phase. Some of the 4-(4-alkylphenyl)-4′-isothiocyanato-α-methylstilbenes with longer alkyl chains exhibit a smectic A phase. All of the liquid crystals obtained exhibit a wide nematic range and high birefringence of 0.16–0.46. Both series of isothiocyanato-based, liquid crystal compounds 4a–e and 8a–e containing α-methylstilbenes revealed much lower melting points and clearing temperatures than their cyano and amino homologues.
RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF BOVINE BLOOD ASSESSED BY A VISCOELASTICITY ANALYZER. POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS IN TESTING OF HEART-ASSIST DEVICE BIOCOMPATIBILITY (2006)

Assessment of red blood cell (RBC) trauma in in vitro testing of biocompatibility and performance of heart-assist devices (HAD) is commonly performed by measurement of plasma free hemoglobin released from damaged RBCs (hemolysis). It is known that sublethal damage to RBCs can cause changes in their mechanical properties such as a reduction in RBC deformability which may impair the microcirculation and reduce RBC lifespan. We tested the potential applicability of a viscoelasticity analyzer (Vilastic Scientific) to assess the mechanical properties of bovine blood which is mostly used for in vitro HAD testing. Measurements were made using oscillatory flow generated in a capillary tube. Due to the natural absence of RBC aggregation in normal bovine blood, its viscoelastic properties are not pronounced. However, we found that adjustment of blood hematocrit to a standard level of 40–45% allows for a sensitive assessment of bovine blood viscoelasticity. Both blood viscosity and elasticity demonstrated non-Newtonian behavior (dependence on shear rate). Temperature dependence for both viscosity and elasticity was greater than that of water. After blood exposure to a uniform mechanical stress in a rotational device, both viscosity and elasticity were found elevated. Rigidification of RBCs by heating caused blood to lose its non-Newtonian character of flow behavior. Measurement of blood viscoelasticity can be useful for evaluation of sublethal blood damage.
<title>New HSL and HSV color spaces and applications</title> (1997)

The color classification applied for large documents requires simple color transformations that enables the implementation of high speed algorithms with reasonable performance. The use of HSV and HSL color spaces in such applications is limited due to their perceptual non- linearity, even if these spaces are attractive due to the simplicity of their definition and transformation. This paper proposes new relationships of the HSL and HSV color spaces based on the replacement of the lightness and brightness definitions, with new relationships based on more perceptual lightness and brightness. The new HSL and HSV color spaces are visualized in three dimensions and the shapes are compared with the old regulate spaces. These spaces remain device dependent as the conventional HSV and HSL spaces, but the distribution of color is more suitable for some application like color clusterization. The new defined color spaces are asymmetric. It is shown how the new HSV and HSL color spaces simplify and improve the accuracy of a clusterization process. The results of clusterization process are compared in the processed image area as well as in the 3D histogram diagram. The color spaces are used for clusterization of colormaps, with application to automatic color classification in large documents (maps, blueprint documents, etc.). Results of clusterization process for blueprint documents are provided for the new introduced HSL and HSV color spaces.
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia of Eμ-TCL1 transgenic mice undergoes rapid cell turnover that can be offset by extrinsic CD257 to accelerate disease progression (2009)

Results of heavy-water labeling studies have challenged the notion that chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) represents an accumulation of noncycling B cells. We examined leukemia cell turnover in Emu-TCL1 transgenic (TCL1-Tg) mice, which develop a CLL-like disease at 8 to 12 months of age. We found that leukemia cells in these mice not only had higher proportions of proliferating cells but also apoptotic cells than did nonleukemic lymphocytes. We crossed TCL1-Tg with BAFF-Tg mice, which express high levels of CD257. TCL1 x BAFF-Tg mice developed CLL-like disease at a significantly younger age and had more rapid disease progression and shorter survival than TCL1-Tg mice. Leukemia cells of TCL1 x BAFF-Tg mice had similar proportions of proliferating cells, but fewer proportions of dying cells, than did the CLL cells of TCL1-Tg mice. Moreover, leukemia cells from either TCL1 x BAFF-Tg or TCL1-Tg mice produced more aggressive disease when transferred into BAFF-Tg mice than into wild-type (WT) mice. Neutralization of CD257 resulted in rapid reduction in circulating leukemia cells. These results indicate that the leukemia cells of TCL1-Tg mice undergo high levels of spontaneous apoptosis that is offset by relatively high rates of leukemia cell proliferation, which might allow for acquisition of mutations that contribute to disease evolution.
Low temperature preparation of fatigue free Bi/sub 4/Ti/sub 3/O/sub 12/ thin films by MOCVD and their electrical properties (2002)

We have investigated the low temperature MOCVD method to form Bi/sub 4/Ti/sub 3/O/sub 12/ thin films with suitable electrical properties for nonvolatile ferroelectric memory applications. An ultra thin double buffer layer (5nm-Bi/sub 4/Ti/sub 3/O/sub 12//5nm-TiO/sub 2/) was used to control the crystallization and a fine grain structure of Bi/sub 4/Ti/sub 3/O/sub 12/ at a low growth temperature was obtained. 100 nm-Bi/sub 4/Ti/sub 3/O/sub 12/ thin films grown at 400/spl deg/C showed an excellent smooth surface morphology and had good electrical properties, namely, remanent polarization, Pr=11 /spl mu/C/cm/sup 2/, coercive field, Ec=90 kV/cm and low leakage current, IL=7/spl times/10/sup -9/ A/cm/sup 2/ at 3 V. Additionally, for the first time, fatigue free property was confirmed up to 1/spl times/10/sup 12/ switching cycles. Furthermore, it was found that the Bi/sub 4/Ti/sub 3/O/sub 12/ thin films with a bismuth rich composition showed the (117) preferred orientation and a very large Pr of 23 /spl mu/C/cm/sup 2/.
Blood-brain barrier permeability and bioavailability of a highly potent and mu-selective opioid receptor antagonist, CTAP: comparison with morphine. (1997)

D-Phe-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Arg-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH2 (CTAP) is a cyclic, penicillamine-containing octapeptide that is structurally similar to somatostatin and displays greater antagonist potency and selectivity for mu-opioid receptors, compared with the classical mu-selective antagonist D-Phe-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Orn-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH2. The aim of this study was to determine whether CTAP can enter the central nervous system (CNS) by crossing either the blood-brain barrier or the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (CSF) and to characterize the mechanism of CNS entry. CNS entry of [3H]CTAP was compared with that of the vascular space marker [14C]inulin and the mu-agonist [3H]morphine. By using an in situ brain perfusion technique coupled to high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis, greater amounts of radioactivity were detected in the brain or CSF at most time points for [3H]CTAP, compared with [14C]inulin. [3H]CTAP was found to remain predominantly intact in the brain after a 20-min rat brain perfusion (62.8%). CTAP was also stable in the blood and serum of rats (T1/2 > 500 min), showing that the structure of this peptide offers enzymatic resistance. Additionally, [3H]CTAP was found to be extensively protein-bound to albumin in the perfusion medium (68.2%) and to proteins in rat serum (84.2%). Entry into the brain and CSF was not inhibited by the addition of unlabeled CTAP to the perfusion medium, suggesting that passage into the CNS is most likely through diffusion across the membranes that comprise the blood-brain barrier, rather than by saturable transport. Also, greater amounts of [3H]morphine entered both the brain and CSF after a 20-min brain perfusion, compared with [3H]CTAP. The increased CNS penetration observed for [3H]morphine, compared with [3H]CTAP, is likely due to the increased lipophilicity of morphine, as shown by its higher octanol/saline partition coefficient. Based on the pharmacokinetic profile, CTAP may be a promising mu-selective antagonist that can be used as a treatment for opiate overdose or addiction and also as a pharmacological tool to further understand opioid neurobiology.
Engineering an Artificial T‐Cell Stimulating Matrix for Immunotherapy (2019)

T cell therapies require the removal and culture of T cells ex vivo to expand several thousand-fold. However, these cells often lose the phenotype and cytotoxic functionality for mediating effective therapeutic responses. The extracellular matrix (ECM) has been used to preserve and augment cell phenotype; however, it has not been applied to cellular immunotherapies. Here, a hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogel is engineered to present the two stimulatory signals required for T-cell activation-termed an artificial T-cell stimulating matrix (aTM). It is found that biophysical properties of the aTM-stimulatory ligand density, stiffness, and ECM proteins-potentiate T cell signaling and skew phenotype of both murine and human T cells. Importantly, the combination of the ECM environment and mechanically sensitive TCR signaling from the aTM results in a rapid and robust expansion of rare, antigen-specific CD8+ T cells. Adoptive transfer of these tumor-specific cells significantly suppresses tumor growth and improves animal survival compared with T cells stimulated by traditional methods. Beyond immediate immunotherapeutic applications, demonstrating the environment influences the cellular therapeutic product delineates the importance of the ECM and provides a case study of how to engineer ECM-mimetic materials for therapeutic immune stimulation in the future.
Cross-correlation of beat-synchronous representations for music similarity (2008)

Systems to predict human judgments of music similarity directly from the audio have generally been based on the global statistics of spectral feature vectors i.e. collapsing any large-scale temporal structure in the data. Based on our work in identifying alternative ("cover") versions of pieces, we investigate using direct correlation of beat-synchronous representations of music audio to find segments that are similar not only in feature statistics, but in the relative positioning of those features in tempo-normalized time. Given a large enough search database, good matches by this metric should have very high perceived similarity to query items. We evaluate our system through a listening test in which subjects rated system-generated matches as similar or not similar, and compared results to a more conventional timbral and rhythmic similarity baseline, and to random selections.
Investigation of optical methods for hydroyield measurements (1990)

Two fiber optic techniques, the Linear Resistive Ladder (LRL) and the piezo-driven LED arrangement, were investigated and successfully demonstrated in the laboratory to be capable of being used for hydroyield measurements. Prototype linear arrangements for each of the above methods were constructed and placed in a designed UGT. The piezo-driven LED method appears very attractive as it showed the potential for becoming an all passive, non-intrusive'' treaty verification method capable of functioning at stress levels ranging from less than 1Kbar to 100 Kbars. Other optical methods using fiber optics for detection mechanisms and signal transmissions were also conceptually examined. 11 figs.
Probabilistic Assessment of Narrowband vs Broadband Solar Irradiance Temporal Variability in Ottawa (2022)

Using a recently-created database for Ottawa, Canada, a 9-month longitudinal study of the solar irradiance, measured with a custom spectral pyranometer every 250ms, was conducted with a specific focus on comparing the narrowband and broadband response to the temporal variability. Deterministic diurnal and orbital dependencies of the spectral irradiance were removed by clear sky normalization, and the resulting clear sky index was forward differenced across time steps ranging from the sub-second to ~30 minutes. The stochastic behavior of this spectral clear sky index increment was assessed by kernel density estimates of the probability distributions for data from each of the nine narrow wavelength channels of the spectral pyranometer and the derived broadband global horizontal irradiance (GHI). Scaling analyses of their peak densities and their full widths at half maximum (FWHM) with increment time step revealed power law scaling with consistent stationary breaks at very-short and short times. Broadband scaling was consistent with some narrowband dependencies, but not with others, which may reflect the wavelength dependence of different sky conditions. The existence of three distinct scaling regimes, each of which coincides with an operationally significant time period (primary/secondary control, automatic generation control, and real time market dispatch), has implications for short term probabilistic forecasting.
Low cost volcano deformation monitoring: optical strain measurement and application to Mount St. Helens data (2011)

Author: Walter, Thomas R.; Genre: Journal Article; Finally published : 2011; Open Access; Title: Low cost volcano deformation monitoring: optical strain measurement and application to Mount St. Helens data
Atomic scale control of spin current transmission at interfaces (2021)

Spin transmission at ferromagnet/heavy metal interfaces is of vital importance for many spintronic devices. Usually the spin current transmission is limited by the spin mixing conductance and loss mechanisms such as spin memory loss. In order to understand these effects, we study the interface transmission when an insulating interlayer is inserted between the ferromagnet and the heavy metal. For this we measure the inverse spin Hall voltage generated from optically injected spin current pulses as well as the magnitude of the spin pumping using ferromagnetic resonance. From our results we conclude that significant spin memory loss only occurs for 5d metals with less than half filled d-shell.
Beyond anarchy: Self‐organized topology for peer‐to‐peer networks (2003)

Abstract In this article, we discuss the new constraints that will apply to future, highly dynamic networks and investigate one of the major problems that is likely to affect their deployment: traffic/workload distribution. Starting with a very simple model, we demonstrate that a structure made of undifferentiated subunits will almost inevitably hit a scalability barrier, unless new design rules are applied. We then give quantitative evidence that a hybrid network topology termed the “hypergrid” could have the potential of solving some of the most critical problems (relay overload and network vulnerability), yet could still be produced by applying local rules only. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 9: 49–53, 2004
I/Q mismatch compensation in zero-IF OFDM receivers with application to DAB (2003)

This work addresses the I/Q mismatch problem which arises due to analog component tolerances in zero-IF OFDM receivers. The application of this work is to digital audio broadcasting (DAB). The approach is to employ a decision directed LMS-based frequency-adaptive equalizer, applied to OFDM demodulated carriers. The equalizer is trained initially using the phase reference symbols in each frame and is switched to a decision directed mode when the error reaches a defined level. In the decision directed mode, the output is taken prior to the threshold decision device in order to present to the subsequent Viterbi decoder a signal suitable for soft decisions. Simulation results demonstrate convergence within six frames; the particular convergence rate depending on choice of step-size and number of carriers per group employed. Even with large phase and amplitude imbalances, 25/spl deg/ and 5 dB respectively, in a DAB system the compensation algorithm attains a reduction in raw BER from 10/sup -1.5/ to 10/sup -5/ with a 15 dB SNR.
FTICR mass spectrometry in proteomics. (2003)

Analytical tools that allow rapid screening, low sample consumption and accurate protein identification are of great importance in studies of complex biological samples. Today, mass spectrometry (MS) is a key analytical tools with applications in a wide variety of fields, reaching from the analysis of elemental compositions in various materials to the identification of large protein complexes. One of the fastest growing fields of MS applications is proteomics, or the study of protein expression in an organism. In the traditional proteomic approach, two-dimensional sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis is applied for the separation and visualization of proteins. In this review, the use of high resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry, including up-front multidimensional liquid separations for 'top down' or 'bottom up' proteomic approaches, are presented.
Estimating the 95% effective defibrillation dose (1993)

Minimum squared error (MinSE) testing protocols and a MinSE estimator are presented which accurately estimate the voltage that defibrillates 95% of the time (the ED95). The MinSE experimental procedures, presented in the form of lookup tables, detail the response to successful and unsuccessful trials. The lookup tables also show the ED95 estimates calculated from the observed results using the MinSE estimator. Two assumptions are required to develop the look-up tables: 1) the dose-response curve, chosen using a statistical analysis of a retrospective sample, and 2) the distribution of the ED95's in the population. The MinSE estimator and experimental procedure are examined in a prospective study of five dogs (19-25 kg, heart weights 139.3-236.9 gm) using nonthoracotomy implantable defibrillator electrodes and a biphasic defibrillation waveform (3.5 ms first phase, 2.0 ms second phase). Employing an ED95 population distribution assumption applicable to most implantable defibrillator electrodes and waveforms, e.g., the ED95 is between 0.0 and 800.0 V, the measured rms error was 15% of the mean measured ED95 for the MinSE, four test shock, ED95 estimates. If the protocols are designed with an ED95 population distribution assumption for animals of the same species and size, and defibrillation is constrained to one electrode configuration and waveform, the estimates improve by 3.8%. Using techniques from the Bayesian statistics literature, the MinSE approach can be extended to a variety of defibrillation parameter estimation problems.
A Subsequent Human Neural Progenitor Transplant into the Degenerate Retina Does Not Compromise Initial Graft Survival or Therapeutic Efficacy (2015)

Redosing neural progenitors do not affect the efficacy of the initial grafts in protecting vision or induce unwanted immune responses.
Consideration of Jitter on Mark-Edge Recording (2001)

Almost all optical disks have adopted a mark edge recording standard to increase the data capacity. The interchangeability of drives and media is important because an optical disk is exchangeable media. This paper focuses on a jitter characteristic that is important for estimating this interchangeability. The deviation factors of jitter are analyzed and an analysis equation of jitter regarding the probability of generating a mark and space is deduced. In addition, a method to measure the remaining-edge shift in these factors is reported.
In vivo comparative imaging of dopamine D2 knockout and wild-type mice with (11)C-raclopride and microPET. (2002)

These data support the use of microPET as an effective in vivo imaging tool for studying noninvasively KO mice. These same tools can be extended to investigate other genetically engineered murine models of disease. Future studies will seek to use microPET to investigate the relationships between genes, neuronal activity, and behavior.
Distributed Representations of Expertise (2016)

Collaborative networks are common in real life, where domain experts work together to solve tasks issued by customers. How to model the proficiency of experts is critical for us to understand and optimize collaborative networks. Traditional expertise models, such as topic model based methods, cannot capture two aspects of human expertise simultaneously: Specialization (what area an expert is good at?) and Proficiency Level (to what degree?). In this paper, we propose new models to overcome this problem. We embed all historical task data in a lower dimension space and learn vector representations of expertise based on both solved and unsolved tasks. Specifically, in our first model, we assume that each expert will only handle tasks whose difficulty level just matches his/her proficiency level, while experts in the second model accept tasks whose levels are equal to or lower than his/her proficiency level. Experiments on real world datasets show that both models outperform topic model based approaches and standard classifiers such as logistic regression and support vector machine in terms of prediction accuracy. The learnt vector representations can be used to compare expertise in a large organization and optimize expert allocation.
Invadopodia-associated proteins blockade as a novel mechanism for 6-shogaol and pterostilbene to reduce breast cancer cell motility and invasion (2013)

These data suggest that the repression of these factors might affect the maturation of invadopodia, inhibiting the metastasis of MDA-MB-231 cells. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates for the first time that 6-shogaol and pterostilbene can inhibit invadopodium formation and MMP activity in highly invasive breast cancer cells. We suggest that these compounds may be clinically useful in chemopreventive treatments for metastatic breast cancer.
Electrodes for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Operation on Hydrogen/Air and Reformate/Air (2003)

Approach • Investigate the use of reconfigured anodes to improve fuel cell performance in the presence of trace levels of CO impurities. • Evaluate new anode catalysts for CO tolerance. • Investigate porosity and fuel cell performance as functions of the ionomer content in the catalyst layer. • Evaluate new cathode catalyst materials for higher operating efficiencies at lower precious metal loadings. • Investigate the effect of potential ambient air impurities on cathode performance.
Beyond-Si materials and devices for more Moore and more than Moore applications (2016)

In this work, we will review the current progress in high mobility devices and new device architectures. With main focus on (Si)Ge for pMOS and In(Ga)As for nMOS, the benefits and challenges of integrating these materials on a Si platform will be discussed. Next to that, the advantages of tunnel FETs, vertical logic and in general heterogeneous integration will be highlighted.