gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermodynamically metastable α-, ε- (or κ-), and γ-Ga2O3: From material growth to device applications (2022)

Gallium oxide (Ga2O3) has attracted tremendous attention in power electronics and ultraviolet photodetectors because of the large bandgap of 4.9–5.3 eV available to all polymorphs, as well as its high electric breakdown voltage. Recently, there has been increasing research interest in thermodynamically metastable phases such as α-, ε- (or κ-), and γ-Ga2O3, because they are predicted to exhibit superior properties compared with β-Ga2O3, the most stable phase of Ga2O3. For example, α-Ga2O3 (bandgap, Eg = 5.3 eV; expected breakdown field, Ec = ∼10 MV/cm) is expected to be a better potential candidate in power electronics than β-Ga2O3 (Eg = 4.5–4.8 eV; Ec = 8 MV/cm) because of its larger bandgap and higher breakdown field. Because these thermodynamically metastable phases cannot be grown using melt-growth techniques, they are grown heteroepitaxially on foreign substrates. We extensively illustrate the growth of these metastable phases and their alloys by employing various growth techniques and then discuss their doping and electronic properties. Finally, we emphasize their applications in devices, including power devices and solar-blind ultraviolet photodetectors.
Optical Activity in Achiral Metamaterials (2009)

We demonstrate strong optical activity (and circular dichroism) for both microwave and photonic achiral planar metamaterials. The effect arises from extrinsic chirality resulting from oblique incidence of light onto the metamaterial structures.
A Method of Evaluating Table Segmentation Results Based on a Table Image Ground Truther (2011)

We propose a novel method to evaluate table segmentation results based on a table image ground truther. In the ground-truthing process, we first extract connected components from a given table image and connect them into an atom graph with weighed edges. Edge weight takes neighboring connected components' size similarities and distances into consideration. Then the ground truther semi-automatically determines the locations and spans of row/column separators according to projection profiles, under human supervision. We evaluate a given table segmentation by computing edit distance from its row and column separator assertions relative to ground truth. The edit distance is the sum of all the edit operation costs that correct wrong row and column separators. Each edit operation cost is a function of the sum of the weights of the edges that the separator cuts through. Thus, separator errors incur different costs depending on the severity of the error, where severity roughly corresponds to how forgivable the error would be considered by a human observer. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed evaluation method is not only efficient, but also useful in formalizing the intuitive quality of different segmentations.
Correction: Mapping Meiotic Single-Strand DNA Reveals a New Landscape of DNA Double-Strand Breaks in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2008)

Two figure legends refer to the wrong strain of yeast.
Scenario Evaluator for Electrical Resistivity (SEER) Survey Design Tool (2017)

The USGS Scenario Evaluator for Electrical Resistivity (SEER) is a quick and simple Excel-based decision support tool practitioners can use to assess the likely outcome of using two-dimensional (2D) electrical resistivity imaging for site characterization and remediation monitoring. SEER features a graphical user interface (GUI) that allows users to manipulate a resistivity model and instantly view how that model would likely be interpreted by an electrical resistivity imaging survey. The SEER tool is intended for use by practitioners who wish to determine the value of including electrical resistivity imaging to achieve project goals, and is designed to have broad utility in industry, teaching, and research. This is the initial release.
Optical coherence pulsed interferometry: shaping probe pulses in time-domain interferometry (2008)

The autocorrelation of a modulated coherent light source is used as a probe pulse in a time-domain interferometry scheme. With respect to conventional techniques, higher flexibility in selecting the shape of the probe pulse can be achieved by simply acting on the modulation parameters. The complex amplitude of short pulses propagating through a generic optical device can be directly measured, with no need for fast sampling and time synchronization. The potentialities of the technique are shown by reporting measurements of amplitude distortion, group delay, and frequency chirp of optical pulses transmitted through integrated ring resonators.
Multiple spinal metastases from paraganglioma (1990)

Isolated vertebral body metastases from paraganglioma are exceedingly rare. They have been reported to occur in the presence of active primary tumor in the neck, local recurrence, or widespread metastases. A unique case of carotid body tumor (paraganglioma) is reported with the following features: (1) multiple vertebral body metastases (C6, T9, and L3) presenting with spinal cord compression, and no evidence of local recurrence or other metastatic disease; (2) absence of mitoses on the original specimen or the metastatic deposit; and (3) a prolonged interval (9 years) to the development of symptomatic metastases.
High-Pressure Electrochemical Hydrogen Purification Process Using a High-Temperature Polybenzimidazole (PBI) Membrane (2010)

A high-pressure electrochemical hydrogen purification system comprising a two-chamber electrochemical cell and fully automatic flow, pressure, and temperature control units has been successfully constructed. The electrochemical hydrogen purification process using a high-temperature polybenzimidazole membrane and Pt electrocatalysts has been investigated via polarization measurements and product analysis at elevated pressure. Measured linear potential-current curves demonstrate high electrode polarizations in simulated reformate gas containing hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide. The adsorption of both CO and CO2 onto Pt electrocatalysts at increased pressure has been proposed to be responsible for the high electrode polarizations. The gas chromatography analysis of cathode products suggests that high-purity hydrogen could be obtained at the cathode side, albeit with a small amount of CO2 as impurity. Further research on the optimization of the high-pressure electrochemical purification process for minimized electrode polarizations and maximized hydrogen purity is under way in our lab.
Effects of Eu 2+ on the luminescence and afterglow that arise from defects in β-SiAlON:Eu 2+ (2020)

Abstract Si 6− z Al z O z N 8− z (β-SiAlON):Eu 2+ is known as a high brightness green phosphor. When β-SiAlON:Eu 2+ is excited with UV light (approximately 265 nm), a curved decay afterglow is observed as a result of the trap levels created by the defects in the host crystal. However, the defect signals are hardly detected by electron spin resonance (ESR) and thermoluminescence (TL), which are common defect detection methods. Non-doped (Eu = 0) β-SiAlON emits blue light from a nitrogen defect, and the defect can be detected by time-resolved fluorescence (TR-F) measurement at 15 K. Similarly, upon measuring TR-F at 15 K for Eu-doped β-SiAlON, a blue emission (460 nm) is detected in addition to the green emission of Eu 2+ (530 nm). The green emission has an afterglow of several milliseconds that decays with the same decay curve as the blue emission of the defect, and its time constant is 5–6 ms. This blue emission is quenched by the Eu concentration and temperature. The Si dangling bond signal intensity, observed by ESR, and the glow intensity, observed by TL, also decrease with the increment of the Eu concentration. It is difficult to detect the defect as an electron trap owing to the interaction between Eu 2+ and the nitrogen defect. However, the afterglow arising from the electrons trapped at the defect level does not decrease with the Eu concentration. The blue emission was quenched at room temperature but the afterglow was not reduced, which also affected the light emission above room temperature. Therefore, it is possible to detect nitrogen defects optically by TR-F at low temperature, as well as the Eu 2+ afterglow of several milliseconds.
Active audio-visual integration for Voice Activity Detection based on a Causal Bayesian Network (2012)

This paper addresses an active audio-visual integration framework which integrates audio and visual information with a robot's active motion for noise-robust Voice Activity Detection (VAD). VAD is crucial for noise robust Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) because speech captured by a robot's microphones is usually contaminated with other noise sources. To realize such noise-robust VAD, we propose Active Audio-Visual (AAV) integration framework which integrates auditory, visual and motion information using a Causal Bayesian Network (CBN). CBN is a subclass of Bayesian networks, which is able to estimate the effect on VAD performance caused by active motions. Since CBN is a general framework for information integration, we can naturally introduce various types of information such as the location of a speaker and a noise source which affect VAD performance to CBN, and CBN selects the optimal active motion for better perception of the robot using “intervention” mechanism in CBN. We implemented a prototype system based on the proposed framework on a humanoid robot called Hearbo. The proposed AAV-VAD is compared with three types of AV-VAD; simple AAV-VAD, multi-regression-based AAV-VAD, and stationary (not active) AV-VAD. A preliminary experiment using the prototype system showed that the VAD performance of the proposed AV-VAD was 14.4, 26.0, and 30.3 points higher than that of the simple active, multi-regression-based active, and stationary AV-VAD, respectively.
In-line focus-dose monitoring for hyper NA imaging (2008)

The merits of hyper NA imaging using 193nm exposure wavelength with water immersion for 45nm is clear. Scanner focus and dose control is always improving to allow small DOF manufacturing in immersion lithography. However, other process parameters can affect focus and dose control and a real-time monitor capability to detect local focus and exposure conditions on production wafers is required. In this paper we evaluated a focus-exposure monitor technique based on Spectroscopic Critical Dimension (SCD) metrology following the promising results obtained by Kelvin Hung [1] et al. The key attributes of this technique are the implementation on standard production wafers, the high sensitivity to pattern profile modifications and the unique capability of spectroscopic ellipsometry to provide all the information needed to decouple the effects on pattern formation coming from process variations of Advanced Patterning Films (APF) [2], largely adopted for 65/45nm patterning, from coating and, finally, from the pure scanner imaging contributors like focus and exposure. We will present the characterization of this technique for 2 critical layers: active and contacts of a non-volatile memory device, 45nm technology.
Data from CD20-Targeted Therapy Ablates <i>De Novo</i> Antibody Response to Vaccination but Spares Preestablished Immunity (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;To obtain a deeper understanding of poor responses to COVID-19 vaccination in patients with lymphoma, we assessed blocking antibodies, total anti-spike IgG, and spike-specific memory B cells in the peripheral blood of 126 patients with lymphoma and 20 age-matched healthy controls 1 and 4 months after COVID-19 vaccination. Fifty-five percent of patients developed blocking antibodies postvaccination, compared with 100% of controls. When evaluating patients last treated from days to nearly 18 years prior to vaccination, time since last anti-CD20 was a significant independent predictor of vaccine response. None of 31 patients who had received anti-CD20 treatment within 6 months prior to vaccination developed blocking antibodies. In contrast, patients who initiated anti-CD20 treatment shortly after achieving a vaccine-induced antibody response tended to retain that response during treatment, suggesting a policy of immunizing prior to treatment whenever possible.&lt;/p&gt;Significance:&lt;p&gt;In a large cohort of patients with B-cell lymphoma, time since anti-CD20 treatment was an independent predictor of neutralizing antibody response to COVID-19 vaccination. Comparing patients who received anti-CD20 treatment before or after vaccination, we demonstrate that vaccinating first can generate an antibody response that endures through anti-CD20–containing treatment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 85&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Development of 38GHz-band wireless communication system using high altitude platform station (HAPS) for 5G network--study on array feeder with lens antenna in ground stations-- (2022)

HAPS (High-Altitude Platform Station) is expected to extend the communication coverage in the beyond 5G era. This paper treats a HAPS backhaul system using 38GHz band. HAPS moves around at stratosphere of about 20km altitude and tries to make beams toward fixed locations on the earth by beamforming. An antenna system on ground stations needs to capture and track HAPS direction with aperture antenna, feeder part and capturing/tracking part. We adopt a method to combine lens antenna and array feeder with mechanically driven gimbal that controls the whole system. Array feeder executes precise tracking within +/-10 degrees of HAPS moving from the antenna radiated direction while mechanically driven gimbal executes tracking over +/-10 degrees. To enhance aperture efficiency and suppress radiation to outside of the lens, this paper proposes wavefront shaping by phased array feeder. Computer simulation shows that our proposed wavefront shaping can enhance antenna gain through aperture efficiency enhancement. Thanks to high and flat gain within the lens radius, it can suppress unnecessary radiation to outside of the lens, and it can widen beam control region with small array feeder.
Familial ventricular aneurysms and septal defects map to chromosome 10p15 (2010)

This study maps a rare familial form of VSD/septal aneurysms to chromosome 10p15 and extends the spectrum of the genetic heterogeneity of septal pathologies. Fine mapping, haplotype construction, and resequencing will provide a unique opportunity to study the pathogenesis of septal defects and shed light on molecular mechanisms of septal development.
Tethered catalysts for the hydration of carbon dioxide (2023)

A system is provided that substantially increases the efficiency of CO.sub.2 capture and removal by positioning a catalyst within an optimal distance from the air-liquid interface. The catalyst is positioned within the layer determined to be the highest concentration of carbon dioxide. A hydrophobic tether is attached to the catalyst and the hydrophobic tether modulates the position of the catalyst within the liquid layer containing the highest concentration of carbon dioxide.
Development requirements for all-optical network technologies (2002)

This paper is a preliminary examination of technology requirements for multiwavelength networks. A key element of these networks will be the WDM router, also known as a wavelength cross-connect. This paper estimates the size of the WDM router required for inter-exchange carrier (IEC) applications. The analysis presented in this paper is based on actual traffic data for a large North American IEC. Four wavelengths per fiber and 10 Gbit/s per wavelength are assumed.
Thyroid hormone down-regulates p55, a thyroid hormone-binding protein that is homologous to protein disulfide isomerase and the beta-subunit of prolyl-4-hydroxylase. (1988)

We have previously characterized a cellular thyroid hormone-binding protein (p55) that is found concentrated on the lumenal face of the endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear envelope (Cheng, S.-y., Hasumura, S., Willingham, M.C., and Pastan, I. (1986) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 83, 947-951). To understand the role p55 plays in thyroid hormone action, we examined the regulation of p55 by 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3). Rat pituitary tumor GH3 cells cultured in regular medium, thyroid hormone-depleted medium (Td medium), or Td medium supplemented with 50 nM T3 (Td + T3 medium) were metabolically labeled with [35S]methionine and immunoprecipitated with antibodies against p55. Treatment with T3 caused a fall in p55 levels. Poly(A+) RNA from cells cultured in regular, Td, or Td + T3 medium was hybridized to a cDNA from p55. T3 withdrawal or addition had no effect on p55 mRNA levels. Furthermore, the initial rates of synthesis of p55 from cells cultured in regular, Td, and Td + T3 were found to be similar. However, analysis of the decay curves from cells in which p55 was pulse-labeled with [35S]methionine indicated that p55 is 2-fold less stable in T3 containing medium. These results indicated that down-regulation of p55 by T3 occurs at the post-translational level. Since DNA sequence analysis indicates that p55 is identical to protein disulfide isomerase and the beta-subunit of prolyl-4-hydroxylase, T3 may mediate its effects on the synthesis, secretion, and/or transport of proteins via p55.
Efficient Hydration of Nitriles to Amides Catalyzed by Sodium Nitrate Modified Fluoroapatite. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A tunable beamformer for robust superdirective beamforming (2016)

Conventional superdirective beamforming is a well-known multi-microphone enhancement method with superior directivity factor (DF). However, it suffers from an inferior white noise gain (WNG), which is expressed by high sensitivity to uncorrelated noise and array inaccuracies. In this work, a beamformer with tunable superdirective gain is introduced. The proposed approach plays a role of a regularized superdirective beamformer, where instead of constraining the WNG, we minimize both white noise and diffuse noise energy in the optimization problem. In addition, by using a tunable regularization parameter, we control the amount of the beamformer DF and WNG. This single boresight solution is then extended to a multiple linear constraint beamformer, with any user-determined spatial or frequency constraints. The beamformer gain response simulations exhibit a robust and controllable solution with an efficient DF/WNG tradeoff.
Quantitative Analysis of Malachite Green in Environmental Samples Using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (2021)

Water is an essential part of life, however, with continued modernization, it has become a dumping place for many pollutants including dyes. The polluted water can severely affect human health. Polluted water can enter into the human body through different channels, including the food web. Thus, it is very important for human beings and animals to have access to pollution free water. To get the knowledge of the pollutants, in this case, a dye, we need sensitive analytical procedure which could tell the amount of dye in water and also steps to get the pollutant removed from water. In this work, a liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) based analytical method was developed to determine malachite green. The method was developed after proper optimization of the experimental conditions, where finally, ethanol, a green solvent and formic acid, a food additive was selected to constitute the mobile phase in ratio 1.5:1.0. Different validation parameters were used to authenticate the reliability of the method. Based on the experiment results, the method was found to be linear in the range of 0.1 to 10 mg/L with an excellent correlation coefficient of 0.9995. The corresponding linear regression equation was found to be A = −6863.2 + 105,520 C; where A is the area of the peak and C is the concentration of malachite green. The precision study proves the reproducibility of LC-MS/MS procedure, throughout the precision experiment percent relative standard deviation (% RSD) was found to be between 0.709–1.893%. Similarly, the experiments on the recovery suggest a recovery of 97.28–98.75%. The new method was applied to check the amount of malachite green in environmental samples including the industrial wastewater. The wastewater sample was extracted using the solid phase extraction (SPE) technique, where a new adsorbent—wood apple hydrochar—was synthesized and used as the solid phase for the preparation of a solid phase extraction column to extract the malachite green. The synthesized adsorbent was characterized using different techniques. To conclude, the developed method can be used for determination of malachite green in environmental samples, and the SPE technique using wood apple hydrochar can successfully extract the dye from the water samples.
Exploring [ 11 C]CPPC as a CSF1R-targeted PET Imaging Marker for Early Parkinson’s Disease Severity (2023)

Neuroinflammation through enhanced innate immunity is thought play a role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods for monitoring neuroinflammation in living patients with PD are currently limited to positron emission tomography (PET) ligands that lack specificity in labeling immune cells in the nervous system. The colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) plays a crucial role in microglial function, an important cellular contributor to the nervous system's innate immune response. Using immunologic methods, we show that CSF1R in human brain is colocalized with the microglial marker, ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1). In PD, CSF1R immunoreactivity is significantly increased in PD across multiple brain regions, with the largest differences in the midbrain versus controls. Autoradiography revealed significantly increased [<sup>3</sup>H]JHU11761 binding in the inferior parietal cortex of PD patients. PET imaging demonstrated that higher [<sup>11</sup>C]CPPC binding in the striatum was associated with greater motor disability in PD. Furthermore, increased [<sup>11</sup>C]CPPC binding in various regions correlated with more severe motor disability and poorer verbal fluency. This study finds that CSF1R expression is elevated in PD and that [<sup>11</sup>C]CPPC-PET imaging of CSF1R is indicative of motor and cognitive impairments in the early stages of the disease. Moreover, the study underscores the significance of CSF1R as a promising biomarker for neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease, suggesting its potential use for non-invasive assessment of disease progression and severity, leading to earlier diagnosis and targeted interventions.
Synchronization and phase lock of two mode-locked femtosecond lasers (2001)

Two independent mode-locked femtosecond lasers are synchronized to an unprecedented precision. The rms timing jitter between the lasers is 4.3 fs observed within a 160 Hz bandwidth over tens of seconds, or 26 fs within a 50 kHz bandwidth. Novel multi-stage phase locked loops help to preserve this ultrahigh timing resolution throughout the entire delay range between pulses (10 ns). We also demonstrate that the same level of synchronization can be achieved with two lasers at different repetition frequencies. Under such synchronization, phase lock between the carrier frequencies of the two fs lasers has been achieved.
Is subjective duration a signature of coding efficiency? (2009)

Perceived duration is conventionally assumed to correspond with objective duration, but a growing literature suggests a more complex picture. For example, repeated stimuli appear briefer in duration than a novel stimulus of equal physical duration. We suggest that such duration illusions appear to parallel the neural phenomenon of repetition suppression, and we marshal evidence for a new hypothesis: the experience of duration is a signature of the amount of energy expended in representing a stimulus, i.e. the coding efficiency. This novel hypothesis offers a unified explanation for almost a dozen illusions in the literature in which subjective duration is modulated by properties of the stimulus such as size, brightness, motion and rate of flicker.