gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of fibril arrangement on crack trapping in a film‐terminated fibrillar interface (2009)

Abstract We present a three‐dimensional (3D) model for adhesion enhancement due to crack trapping in a film‐terminated fibrillar structure. Adhesion enhancement occurs due to trapping of the interfacial crack in the region between fibrils. Energy release to the crack tip is attenuated because, between fibrils, it has to pass through the compliant terminal film. Using perturbation theory and a finite element method, we solve for the shape of crack front, which is unknown. Our model thus also allows us to study how adhesion enhancement depends on the arrangement of fibrils. For example, our model explains why, for a fixed area density of fibrils and for similar crack orientations, hexagonal arrays have higher adhesion than square arrays. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 47: 2368–2384, 2009
Sweet-spot operation of a germanium hole spin qubit with highly anisotropic noise sensitivity (2023)

Spin qubits defined by valence band hole states comprise an attractive candidate for quantum information processing due to their inherent coupling to electric fields enabling fast and scalable qubit control. In particular, heavy holes in germanium have shown great promise, with recent demonstrations of fast and high-fidelity qubit operations. However, the mechanisms and anisotropies that underlie qubit driving and decoherence are still mostly unclear. Here, we report on the highly anisotropic heavy-hole $g$-tensor and its dependence on electric fields, allowing us to relate both qubit driving and decoherence to an electric modulation of the $g$-tensor. We also confirm the predicted Ising-type hyperfine interaction but show that qubit coherence is ultimately limited by $1/f$ charge noise. Finally, we operate the qubit at low magnetic field and measure a dephasing time of $T_2^*=9.2$ $μ$s, while maintaining a single-qubit gate fidelity of 99.94 %, that remains well above 99 % at an operation temperature T&gt;1 K. This understanding of qubit driving and decoherence mechanisms are key for the design and operation of scalable and highly coherent hole qubit arrays.
LEO degradation of graphite and carbon-based composites aboard Space Shuttle Flight STS-46 (1995)

Six different types of carbon and carbon-boron nitride composites were exposed to low Earth orbit aboard Space Shuttle flight STS-46. The samples received a nominal atomic oxygen fluence of 2.2 x 10(exp 20) atoms/sq cm in 42 hours of exposure. Pyrolytic graphite and highly oriented pyrolytic graphite showed significant degradation, and the measured erosion yield was within a factor of two of published values. The erosion yield of pyrolytic boron nitride was found to be 2.6 x 10(exp 26) cu cm/atom in plasma asher exposure, over 42 times lower than that of pyrolytic graphite. This low erosion yield makes graphite plus boron nitride mixtures quite resistant to low Earth orbit exposure. Evidence suggests that the graphitic component was preferentially etched, leaving the surface boron nitride rich. Degradation resistance increases with boron nitride composition. Carbon fiber/carbon composites degraded in low Earth orbit, and the carbon pitch binder was found to etch more easily than the graphite fibers which have much higher degradation resistance.
Laser speckle photography with optically addressed multiple-quantum-well spatial light modulators (1998)

Summary form only given. We present a novel technique for recording and processing the speckle from a displaced object. We use an optically addressed, multiple-quantum-well spatial light modulator (MQW-OASLM). This device offers high resolution, speed, and sensitivity. It allows us to measure dynamic speckle patterns at rates up to tens of kHz.
Designing a Portable Gynecological Examination Table: Improving Access to Antenatal Care in Rural Ghana (2012)

Regular pelvic examinations and health care visits are important preventative measures for maintaining maternal health. However, in rural settings within the least developed countries, poor travel conditions, lack of resources, social constraints, lack of educational opportunities, and economic limitations make it difficult for women to receive proper healthcare during pregnancy. The goal of this design project is to diminish the barrier of transportation to secondary and tertiary healthcare facilities and services by developing a portable gynecological examination table for use by Community-based Health Planning and Services (CHPS) workers in the Sene District, Ghana. Design for global health is a topic of increasing importance and places new constraints on the engineering design process. Throughout the design process, Ghanaian and American clinicians were interviewed in order to obtain user requirements for the initial prototype. These requirements were translated into engineering specifications, and brainstorming and functional decomposition were performed in order to generate solution concepts. In agreement with the engineering specifications and the outcomes of quality function deployment (QFD) and Pugh charts, a portable gynecological examination table prototype was designed that 1) supports a weight of 142 kg while only weighing 10 kg, 2) can be folded into a 17.8×50.8×50.8 cm3 volume enabling transportation by backpack, 3) costs less than $100, 4) can be cleaned with bleach, and 5) has three adjustable back angles of 0, 30, and 60 degrees. This prototype was fabricated and then evaluated in Ghana, brought back to the UNIVERSITY, and redesigned. The redesigned prototype was evaluated to meet the specifications for table weight, support weight, ability to be cleaned, and durability in a laboratory testing. The table was then returned to Ghana, where acceptance of the design and its usability were assessed by interviewing and surveying midwives, physicians, and mothers.
Initial Evaluation of Fuel-Reactor Concepts for Advanced LEU Fuel Development (2020)

The National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) Office of Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation R&D has commenced a project to evaluate and develop low-enriched uranium (LEU) fuel systems, materials, and fabrication technologies that could be used for compact, advanced LEU (aLEU) fuel, power-producing, high-burnup reactor applications. Potential applications are intended to be off-grid power sources for ship-borne systems and transportable systems to fixed locations, e.g., to a remote base or to a seawater desalination service location. Reactors with these qualities and fuel enrichments between 5 and 20% are atypical. The aLEU Fuel for Nonproliferation Applications Project addresses this technology gap.
Longitudinal stability of gel T1 MRI Phantoms for quality assurance of T1 mapping (2015)

Background Quantification of interstitial (diffuse) myocardial fibrosis by T1 mapping may prove useful in a range of conditions. Both native T1 maps and extracellular volume fraction (ECV) are being increasingly used clinically and have been shown to be sensitive to a wide range of conditions and associate with worse prognosis. However, quality control by T1 phantoms is essential [1,2] and their long-term stability has not been demonstrated. Phantoms with long term stability could assure the stability of methods applied to patients against scanner alternations and across multiple centers. We sought to investigate the long-term stability of phantoms prepared to model T1 and T2 of blood and myocardium over a period of 52 weeks.
Linear and efficient three-level polar delta-sigma modulator based transmitter (2014)

This paper presents a linear high efficiency three-level polar DSM based transmitter that is adequate for wireless RF applications. The polar DSM runs at low sampling frequency that is related to the used oversampling ratio and the bandwidth of the signal standard. Through simulation, a high coding efficiency and high linearity can be achieved concurrently by adjusting the power level of the input signal. A three-level polar DSM was used to drive a switched mode power amplifier to propose a linear high efficiency transmitter that does not need a high sampling frequency. Two quantizers are used in order to preserve the linearity of the transmitter. A sampling frequency of 160 MHz was used for a Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access signal has a bandwidth of 1.25 MHz and oversampling ratio of 128. The transmitter has an overall efficiency equal 42% and linearity of 46 dB is achievable with sacrificing a bit of the efficiency.
Artefact Correction in MRI Temperature Mapping (2007)

The thesis describes techniques that can be used to reduce or eliminate artefacts arising due to magnetic field disturbances and/or motion in temperature maps obtained by the Proton Resonance Frequency Shift (PRFS) method of MRI temperature mapping. The first chapter describes a hardware modification, which enables PRFS temperature mapping during percutaneous transluminal angioplasty performed using a hot balloon. It is proposed to separate in time media injection and heating by first inflating a balloon with a media at an initial temperature, and then by heating the media up using laser light. The separation is shown to eliminate flow, motion and susceptibility-redistribution artefacts and to enable real-time MRI temperature mapping using the PRFS technique. The second chapter describes a post-processing technique, which eliminates temperature artefacts caused by breathing. A set of baseline images characterizing Respiratory Induced Resonance Offset (RIRO) at a variety of respiratory cycle instants is acquired before the thermal treatment starts. During the treatment, the temperature evolution is found from two successive images. Then, the calculated temperature changes are corrected for the additional contribution caused by RIRO using the pre-treatment baseline images acquired at the identical instances of the respiratory cycle. The third chapter describes an acquisition and post-processing technique, which utilizes the fat signal to improve the immunity of the PRFS method of MRI temperature mapping against magnetic field disturbances. The described method is based on the utilization of several gradient and spin echoes acquired within one repetition interval with water and fat-selective scans. The fourth chapter describes an approach to post-processing PRFS temperature maps acquired during High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) treatments, which allows the user to extract from the maps some additional information that can be used to monitor the treatment in a more safe and reliable way as well as to adjust the treatment in case it deviates from the desired scenario. A set of mathematical operations (including discrete analogues of time derivative, directional derivative, gradient and Laplacian) is applied to temperature maps to reveal the HIFU beam waist, focus, heat deposition site and their evolution during sonications. The location of the maximum temperature spot is identified and traced as well as its displacements are visualized and characterized. The resulting images reveal the information, which is usually hidden on the traditional temperature maps.
Stability and Acidity of Sites at the External Surface and at Point Defects of Faujasite (2022)

Abstract Faujasite is one of the most industrially employed zeolite for its catalytic properties. The strong Brønsted bulk bridging Al−OH−Si sites are often thought to be the main origin of the Brønsted acidity of faujasite. However, many reactions also take place at the surface of the material and of its mesopores, where other types of acid sites exist. This study aims at unraveling the nature and strength of faujasite bulk and surface acid sites. Using Density Functional Theory (DFT), we rank the faujasite acid sites based on their stability, investigate their dehydration properties, and study their Brønsted and Lewis acidity via the adsorption of pyridine. Calculations are performed on cells with high (47 for bulk cells and about 300 for surface slabs) and low Si/Al ratio (about 3) and on cells containing defects under the form of silanol nests. These environments generate Brønsted acid sites of various strengths, and strong Lewis acid sites, even in the absence of extra‐framework species.
Immune responses to an inactivated influenza vaccine in Indigenous Australians (2020)

Abstract Indigenous Australians are highly susceptible to severe influenza disease during seasonal and pandemic infections. Current antibody-based vaccines targeting humoral immunity are the most effective way to combat influenza infections but show reduced efficacy in Indigenous Australians. The underlying mechanisms are still unknown. We recruited 166 Indigenous &amp; non-Indigenous donors to elucidate adaptive immune responses induced by the inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine. Participants were bled at baseline, day 7 and day 28 post-vaccination. We analysed hemagglutination inhibition titres against the vaccine and previously circulating strains, analysed IgG1 and IgG3 allotypes, evaluated total IgG glycosylation and performed Luminex assays to dissect antibody responses against viral HA, NA and NP proteins. Additionally, we assessed influenza-specific B cell responses with fluorescent HA probes, antibody-secreting cells and circulating Tfh cells. More than 15,000 datapoints were collected to compare adaptive immune responses between Indigenous and non-Indigenous donors. We found that the majority of immune readouts were comparable between the two groups. However, interestingly, we found significantly lower pre-vaccine titres and lower back-boosting to pre-pandemic H1N1 viruses in Indigenous compared to non-Indigenous donors. This might explain, at least in part, high susceptibility of Indigenous Australians to the 2009 pandemic. Our comprehensive dataset will be used to understand and improve optimal vaccine responses in Indigenous and non-Indigenous populations globally.
ChemInform Abstract: REARRANGEMENT OF 4‐ACETOXY‐2H‐1,4‐BENZOXAZIN‐3(4H)‐ONE (1984)

Abstract In Abhängigkeit von den Reaktionsbedingungen erhält man bei der Umlagerung des 4‐Acetoxy‐2H‐I ,4‐ benzoxazinons (I) die Acetate (II), (III), (IV) und (VI) bzw. das.
Cloning of Drosophila GCN5: Conserved features among metazoan GCN5 family members (1998)

PCAF and hGCN5 are distinct human genes that encode proteins related to the yeast histone acetyltransferase and transcriptional adapter GCN5. The PCAF protein shares extensive similarity with the 439 amino acids of yGCN5, but it has an approximately 350 amino acid N-terminal extension that interacts with the transcriptional co-activator p300/CBP. Adenoviral protein E1a can disrupt PCAF-CBP interactions and prevent PCAF-dependent cellular differentiation. In this report, we describe the cloning and initial characterization of a Drosophila homolog of yGCN5. In addition to the homology to yGCN5, the Drosophila protein shares sequencesimilarity with the N-terminal portion of human PCAF that is involved in binding to CBP. In the course of characterizing dGCN5, we have discovered that hGCN5 also contains an N-terminal extension with significant similarity to PCAF. Interestingly, in the case of the h GCN5 gene, alternative splicing may regulate the production of full-length hGCN5. The presence of the N-terminal domain in a Drosophila GCN5 homolog and both human homologs suggests that it was part of the ancestral form of metazoan GCN5.
A scalable Web cache consistency architecture (1999)

The rapid increase in web usage has led to dramatically increased loads on the network infrastructure and on individual web servers. To ameliorate these mounting burdens, there has been much recent interest in web caching architectures and algorithms. Web caching reduces network load, server load, and the latency of responses. However, web caching has the disadvantage that the pages returned to clients by caches may be stale , in that they may not be consistent with the version currently on the server. In this paper we describe a scalable web cache consistency architecture that provides fairly tight bounds on the staleness of pages. Our architecture borrows heavily from the literature, and can best be described as an invalidation approach made scalable by using a caching hierarchy and application-level multicast routing to convey the invalidations. We evaluate this design with calculations and simulations, and compare it to several other approaches.
Concrete structures strengthening by iron-based shape memory alloys: an experimental demonstration (2016)

&lt;p&gt;Shape memory alloys (SMAs) have the special property of returning to their initial shape if they are deformed and then heated. This effect is called shape memory effect. Iron-based SMAs (Fe-SMAs) show promising properties with regard to potential applications in civil engineering. The costs of Fe-SMAs can compete with other strengthening methods. In this paper an investigation is presented, where ribbed Fe-SMA bars were produced and used for strengthening and prestressing of real scale RC beams. RC beams strengthened by Fe-SMA or normal steel bars embedded in a shotcrete layer were experimentally examined to investigate their flexural behavior and to demonstrate the application of this strengthening method. The behavior of the beams at serviceability stage was significantly improved by the prestressed Fe-SMA bars. The results show that the application of Fe-SMA bars embedded in a newly applied shotcrete layer was successful.&lt;/p&gt;
Polymers and methods of making the same (2023)

An aspect of the present disclosure is a composition that includes where R1 includes at least one of a saturated hydrocarbon and/or an unsaturated hydrocarbon, R3 includes at least one of a saturated hydrocarbon and/or an unsaturated hydrocarbon, A includes at least one of a saturated hydrocarbon or an unsaturated hydrocarbon, 1≤x≤1000, and 1≤y≤1000.
Noninvasive observation of magnetization reversal in micron-sized Co bars (2003)

We demonstrate how room temperature scanning Hall probe microscopy (SHPM) can be applied to noninvasively probe the (meta-)stable magnetic domain states of individual mesoscopic Co bars as a function of applied field. These data are correlated with magneto-optical measurements of the hysteresis loop as well as higher spatial resolution magnetic force microscopy imaging. In particular, we show how a combination of visualization techniques is essential for fully understanding the mechanism of magnetization reversal in such microstructures. Micromagnetic calculations of the magnetic states and their corresponding stray fields are correlated with the observations. These experiments prove the usefulness of a noninvasive and quantitative technique such as room temperature SHPM in an applied magnetic field to study magnetic domain stability and switching field distributions.
Control of Stereoselectivity in Diverse Hapalindole Metabolites Is Mediated by Cofactor Induced Combinatorial Pairing of Stig Cyclases (2019)

The stereospecific polycyclic core formation of hapalindoles and fischerindoles is controlled by the Stig cyclases through a three-step cascade involving Cope rearrangement, 6-exo-trig cyclization and a final electrophilic aromatic substitution. Here we report a comprehensive study of all currently annotated Stig cyclases, and reveal that these proteins can assemble into heteromeric complexes induced by Ca2+ to cooperatively control the stereochemistry of hapalindole natural products.
Ruthenium Titanium Oxide (RTO) Electrocatalyst Supports Exhibit Exceptional Start-Stop Durability (2013)

Abstract not Available.
Correction: Corrigendum: IL-37 protects against obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance (2015)

Nature Communications 5: Article number: 4711 (2014); Published: 3 September 2014; Updated: 12 January 2015. The financial support for this Article was not fully acknowledged. The Acknowledgements should have read: R.S. was supported by a Ruby Grant of the Dutch Diabetes Research Foundation. C.A.D. was supported by the National Institutes of Health (grant number AI15614).
Unified regional modeling approach to emerging multiple-gate/nanowire MOSFETs (2008)

This paper reviews the basic governing equations for a double-gate/gate-all-around (DG/GAA) MOSFET in a generic and unified description. Starting from generic Poisson solution and input voltage equation, a paradigm shift with ground-reference and source/drain by label is proposed, which is essential in formulating equations for DG FinFETs without body contact. The unified regional modeling (URM) approach is used for unified surface-potential solutions, and is applied to demonstrate Gummel symmetry in doped DG with partial to full-depletion operations.
Direct Measurement of Oleocanthal and Oleacein Levels in Olive Oil by Quantitative 1H NMR. Establishment of a New Index for the Characterization of Extra Virgin Olive Oils (2012)

A new method for direct measurement of the oleocanthal and oleacein levels in olive oil by quantitative (1)H NMR was developed. The method was applied to the study of 175 monovarietal commercial Greek and California olive oil samples. The main findings were as follows: (1) There was a significant variation concerning the concentrations of oleocanthal and oleacein among the studied samples. Their concentrations ranged from nondetectable to 355 mg/kg and their sum (index D1) from 0 to 501 mg/kg. (2) There are olive varieties that independent of geographic origin and harvest time produce oil that contains both compounds in low levels. (3) There is a positive correlation of a high level of oleocanthal and oleacein in olive oils with the early time of harvest. Although there is a need for more extensive study, a new index for the characterization of extra virgin olive oils, which is a combination of D1 = oleocanthal + oleacein level and D2 = oleocanthal/oleacein ratio, seems to be very useful.
Bubble size distribution analysis and control in high frequency ultrasonic cleaning processes (2012)

In the semiconductor industry, the ongoing down-scaling of nanoelectronic elements has lead to an increasing complexity of their fabrication. Hence, the individual fabrication processes become increasingly difficult to handle. To minimize cross-contamination, intermediate surface cleaning and preparation steps are inevitable parts of the semiconductor process chain. Here, one major challenge is the removal of residual nano-particulate contamination resulting from abrasive processes such as polishing and etching. In the past, physical cleaning techniques such as megasonic cleaning have been proposed as suitable solutions. However, the soaring fragility of the smallest structures is constraining the forces of the involved physical removal mechanisms. In the case of "megasonic" cleaning –cleaning with ultrasound in the MHz-domain – the main cleaning action arises from strongly oscillating microbubbles which emerge from the periodically changing tensile strain in the cleaning liquid during sonication. These bubbles grow, oscillate and collapse due to a complex interplay of rectified diffusion, bubble coalescence, non-linear pulsation and the onset of shape instabilities. Hence, the resulting bubble size distribution does not remain static but alternates continuously. Only microbubbles in this distribution that show a high oscillatory response are responsible for the cleaning action. Therefore, the cleaning process efficiency can be improved by keeping the majority of bubbles around their resonance size. In this paper, we propose a method to control and characterize the bubble size distribution by means of "pulsed" sonication and measurements of acoustic cavitation spectra, respectively. We show that the so-obtained bubble size distributions can be related to theoretical predictions of the oscillatory responses of and the onset of shape instabilities for the respective bubbles. We also propose a mechanism to explain the enhancement of both acoustic and cleaning activity observed when turning the ultrasound periodically on and off in comparison to the case of continuous sonication.