gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bond of FRP strengthening systems for concrete structures: a Round Robin Test (2012)

Although various test methods to examine the local bond behaviour of FRP strengthening systems to concrete have been proposed thus far, their implementation can lead to a wide range of results and a standard methodology has yet to be generally accepted. With these issues in mind, a Round Robin Testing (RRT) programme was carried out to assess the performance and reliability of small scale testing on various FRP strengthening systems, including both externally bonded laminates and near surface mounted reinforcement. Ten laboratories and eight manufacturers and suppliers participated in this extensive international exercise, which was initiated within the framework of the European funded Marie Curie Research Training Network, EN-CORE, with the support of Task Group 9.3 of the International Federation for Structural Concrete (fib). This paper describes the proposed testing programme and summarized some of the results obtained by the participating laboratories.
The Potential of Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) Method for the Fabrication on an Industrial Scale of Functionally Graded Materials (2010)

&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"&gt;Functionally Grated Materials (FGMs) have usually been expected as candidates for a wide variety of industrial applications due to their desirable properties such as high heat resistance capability, good wear resistance, bio-compatibility, chemical stability and so on. Scaling-up and three dimensional (3-D) near-net shape forming technique for FGMs are one of the most important key-factor to produce the industrial engineering components and products in practical use. On the other hand, it is generally well known that the Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) method is a novel process to produce homogeneous FGMs, nano-structural sintered compact, thermoelectric semiconductors and bio-medical materials in shorter sintering time with finer microstructure. This paper will present development of FGMs fabricated by SPS and future prospects of SPS on research and industrialization activities in Japan. A brief historical review progress of SPS technology is also given and the applicable field is exemplified. Then, the paper is focused on manufacturing processes on FGM by SPS technology. &lt;/span&gt;
A Closed-Loop Multi-Channel Asynchronous Neurostimulator to Mimic Neural Code for Cognitive Prosthesis (2018)

We describe a novel hardware and embedded system design of a closed loop neurostimulator for generating precise neural code-like, multi-channel, asynchronous electrical stimulation pulses. Such stimulator will be used as the output unit of the cortical prosthesis that aims to restore cognitive functions by reinstating the neural signal transmission.
<title>Improved PBS process for e-beam photomask lithography</title> (1996)

An improved PBS process has been developed and tested for the photomask production. Significant improvements in CD uniformity (3(sigma) &lt; 40 nm over 6' plates) and CD meant- to-target control (&lt; 30 nm) have been achieved through a specially treated puddle development. A low-temperature bake (95 degree(s)C, 30 minutes) was utilized for better linearity while the resolution was 0.5 micrometers for the regular process and as low as 0.35 micrometers for the ghosting process. Defect densities on production plates have been greatly improved to a level lower than our normal production process. The new process is not limited by any specific type of processor, therefore it can be implemented into current production lines easily. It is expected that this new process will meet advanced specs for 256 M DRAM (with 0.25 micrometers design rule) and extend the life of the PBS production line for another 3 - 4 years.
A Symbol Based Watermarking Approach for Spread Spectrum Audio Watermarking Methods (2016)

This paper proposes an high embedding capacity symbol based audio watermarking process. The traditional watermark embedding processes require longer duration audio sequence in order to accommodate all the input watermark bits. Shorter duration audio sequences which are like advertisements in Television & Radio should allow the embedding of a complete watermark at least once to be able to correctly identify the owner or content. A symbol based approach for spread spectrum based audio watermark methods has been proposed in order to reduce the required size of the audio sequences for watermarking. Each group of watermark bits called as a symbol are mapped to a unique pseudo-random sequence. These PN sequence are used for actual embedding in Spread Spectrum based watermarking technique. This process while reducing the size of the audio sequence required, it also helps in reducing the errors in longer duration audio as it can allow redundant addition of watermark. An error correction method is also added to further reduce the symbol errors that are caused due to the intentional and unintentional watermark removal attacks.
Effect of bile salts on the hydrolysis of gangliosides, glycoproteins and neuraminyl-lactose by the neuraminidase of Clostridium perfringens (1981)

Studies were done on the effect of bile salts on the rates of hydrolysis of the N-acetylneuraminyl linkages of several sialic acid-containing compounds by the neuraminidase of Clostridium perfringens. When GM3-ganglioside, two glycolipids (glycophorin and orosomucoid) and neuraminyl-lactose were used as substrates, hydrolysis was obtained even in the absence of bile salts, but addition of this detergent, below its critical micellar concentration, increased the reaction rates; above the critical micellar concentration of the detergent rates decreased again. When a second ganglioside, GM1, was used as substrate, the requirement for bile salts was absolute; hydrolysis was not observed at all without this detergent. With increasing concentrations of bile salt and in the presence of high concentrations of enzyme, rates of hydrolysis increased, reaching maximal values at fixed ratios of bile salt to GM1-ganglioside. Physical measurements showed that mixtures of bile salt and GM1-ganglioside form mixed micelles that have a higher critical micellar concentration, a lower molecular weight and greater axial ratio than the corresponding micelles of pure GM1-ganglioside.
Dynamics of Combustion Oscillations With and Without Phase-Delay Control (2003)

Detailed measurements of the pressure and heat release fields are presented in a swirl-stabilized combustor with the goal of identifying the basic mechanisms driving the unsteady heat release, and to explore the effect of feedback control on the heat release. Measurements show that the pressure and heat release signatures are characterized by both the dominant acoustic instability mode at 235 Hz and a low frequency mode at 10 Hz. The low frequency mode is observed to be related to the bulk mode of the air-delivery chamber, and is seen to contribute to a decorrelation between the pressure and heat release signals. Phase-locked CH images clearly reveal the heat release dynamics contributing to the instability. These dynamics are strongest in the annular mixing layer regions, and is therefore believed to be related to dynamics of the swirl-induced toroidal structures. Feedback control with both acoustic and fuel modulation are seen to be effective.
Strategic options towards an affordable high-performance infrared camera (2016)

The promise of infrared (IR) imaging attaining low-cost akin to CMOS sensors success has been hampered by the inability to achieve cost advantages that are necessary for crossover from military and industrial applications into the consumer and mass-scale commercial realm despite well documented advantages. Banpil Photonics is developing affordable IR cameras by adopting new strategies to speed-up the decline of the IR camera cost curve. We present a new short-wave IR (SWIR) camera; 640x512 pixel InGaAs uncooled system that is high sensitivity low noise (&lt;50e-), high dynamic range (100 dB), high-frame rates (&gt; 500 frames per second (FPS)) at full resolution, and low power consumption (&lt; 1 W) in a compact system. This camera paves the way towards mass market adoption by not only demonstrating high-performance IR imaging capability value add demanded by military and industrial application, but also illuminates a path towards justifiable price points essential for consumer facing application industries such as automotive, medical, and security imaging adoption. Among the strategic options presented include new sensor manufacturing technologies that scale favorably towards automation, multi-focal plane array compatible readout electronics, and dense or ultra-small pixel pitch devices.
Improvement of Enzyme Properties with a Two-Step Immobilizaton Process on Novel Heterofunctional Supports (2010)

Novel heterofunctional glyoxyl-agarose supports were prepared. These supports contain a high concentration of groups (such as quaternary ammonium groups, carboxyl groups, and metal chelates) that are capable of adsorbing proteins, physically or chemically, at neutral pH as well as a high concentration of glyoxyl groups that are unable to immobilize covalently proteins at neutral pH. By using these supports, a two-step immobilization protocol was developed. In the first step, enzymes were adsorbed at pH 7.0 through adsorption of surface regions, which are complementary to the adsorbing groups on the support, and in the second step, the immobilized derivatives were incubated under alkaline conditions to promote an intramolecular multipoint covalent attachment between the glyoxyl groups on the support and the amino groups on the enzyme surface. These new derivatives were compared with those obtained on a monofunctional glyoxyl support at pH 10, in which the region with the greatest number of lysine residues participates in the first immobilization step. In some cases, multipoint immobilization on heterofunctional supports was much more efficient than what was achieved on the monofunctional support. For example, derivatives of tannase from Lactobacillus plantarum on an amino-glyoxyl heterofunctional support were 20-fold more stable than the best derivative on a monofunctional glyoxyl support. Derivatives of lipase from Geobacillus thermocatenulatus (BTL2) on the amino-glyoxyl supports were two times more active and four times more enantioselective than the corresponding monofunctional glyoxyl support derivative.
Clinical implications of vascular growth factors in proliferative retinopathies (1997)

Angiogenesis is a fundamental component of normal development and pathologic processes within the eye. Complications due to abnormal ocular neovascularization remain the leading cause of visual loss throughout the world today. Neovascularization and the associated increase in vascular permeability are the underlying threats to vision in such diverse conditions as diabetic retinopathy, retinal vein occlusion, retinopathy of prematurity, exudative age-related macular degeneration, sickle cell retinopathy, radiation retinopathy, and numerous others. Although it has been appreciated for nearly one-half century that the clinical findings associated with ocular neovascularization suggest an etiology involving the elaboration of growth factors, the exact molecules involved and their mechanisms of action have remained incompletely understood. Recent developments in this rapidly evolving field have begun to elucidate the major factors responsible for modulating the neovascularization common to these conditions and have significant theoretic implications for the development of novel, nondestructive, pharmacologic treatment modalities.
Induction of acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase-1 by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 or 9- cis -retinoic acid in undifferentiated THP-1 cells (2019)

Abstract We have previously shown that acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase-1 (ACAT-1) protein content increases<br> significantly during the human monocyte-macrophage differentiation process. To gain further insight, we used undifferentiated human monocytic THP-1 cells as a model system with which to examine whether ACAT-1 mRNA and protein content can be increased by treating cells with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 [1,25-(OH) 2D3] or with 9-cis -retinoic acid (9-cis-RA), two agents known to upregulate<br> the expression of various genes during the monocyte-macrophage differentiation process. Immunoblot analysis with anti-human ACAT-1 antibodies revealed that ACAT-1 protein was increased by 2.6-fold, using 1,25-(OH) 2D3 at a physiological concentration (100 pM). ACAT-1 protein was also increased when using 9-cis-RA, but only at relatively high concentrations (0.1–1M).
β1-Integrins in the primary cilium of MDCK cells potentiate fibronectin-induced Ca2+signaling (2004)

Because beta(1)-integrin is involved in sensing of fluid flow rate in endothelial cells, a function that in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells is confined to the primary cilium, we hypothesized beta(1)-integrin to be an important part of the primary ciliary mechanosensory apparatus in MDCK cells. We observed that beta(1)-integrin, alpha(3)-integrin, and perhaps alpha(5)-integrin were localized to the primary cilium of MDCK cells by combining lectin and immunofluorescence confocal microscopy. beta(1)-Integrin was also colocalized with tubulin to the primary cilia of the rat renal collecting ducts, as well as to the cilia of proximal tubules and thick ascending limbs. Immunogold-electron microscopy confirmed the presence of beta(1)-integrin on primary cilia of MDCK cells and rat collecting ducts. Intracellular Ca(2+) levels, monitored by fluorescence microscopy on fluo 4-loaded MDCK cells, significantly increased on addition of fibronectin, a beta(1)-integrin ligand, to mature MDCK cells with an IC(50) of 0.02 mg/l. In immature, nonciliated cells or in deciliated mature cells, the IC(50) was 0.40 mg/l. Blocking the fibronectin-binding sites of beta(1)-integrin with RGD peptide prevented the Ca(2+) signal. Cross-linking of beta(1)-integrins by Sambucus nigra agglutinin produced a Ca(2+) response similar to the addition of fibronectin. Furthermore, the fibronectin-induced response was not dependent on flow or a flow-induced Ca(2+) response. Finally, the flow-induced Ca(2+) response was not prevented by the fibronectin-induced signal. Although beta(1)-integrin on the primary cilium greatly potentiates the fibronectin-induced Ca(2+) signaling in MDCK cells, the flow-dependent Ca(2+) signal is not mediated through activation of beta(1)-integrin.
Pim-1 kinase antagonizes aspects of myocardial hypertrophy and compensation to pathological pressure overload (2008)

Pim-1 kinase exerts potent cardioprotective effects in the myocardium downstream of AKT, but the participation of Pim-1 in cardiac hypertrophy requires investigation. Cardiac-specific expression of Pim-1 (Pim-WT) or the dominant-negative mutant of Pim-1 (Pim-DN) in transgenic mice together with adenoviral-mediated overexpression of these Pim-1 constructs was used to delineate the role of Pim-1 in hypertrophy. Transgenic overexpression of Pim-1 protects mice from pressure-overload-induced hypertrophy relative to wild-type controls as evidenced by improved hemodynamic function, decreased apoptosis, increases in antihypertrophic proteins, smaller myocyte size, and inhibition of hypertrophic signaling after challenge. Similarly, Pim-1 overexpression in neonatal rat cardiomyocyte cultures inhibits hypertrophy induced by endothelin-1. On the cellular level, hearts of Pim-WT mice show enhanced incorporation of BrdU into myocytes and a hypercellular phenotype compared to wild-type controls after hypertrophic challenge. In comparison, transgenic overexpression of Pim-DN leads to dilated cardiomyopathy characterized by increased apoptosis, fibrosis, and severely depressed cardiac function. Furthermore, overexpression of Pim-DN leads to reduced contractility as evidenced by reduced Ca(2+) transient amplitude and decreased percentage of cell shortening in isolated myocytes. These data support a pivotal role for Pim-1 in modulation of hypertrophy by impacting responses on molecular, cellular, and organ levels.
Erythropoietin Producing Cells for the Treatment of Renal Failure Induced Anemia (2008)

Introduction Anemia is an outcome of chronic renal failure due to the kidney's decreased ability to produce erythropoietin (EPO). We investigated whether supplementation of erythropoietin producing cells would be a possible treatment option for renal failure induced anemia. Materials and Methods Mice renal cells were culture expanded and characterized for EPO expression. The levels of EPO production was measured in the cells grown under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Renal cells mixed in collagen gel were implanted subcutaneously in athymic mice followed by retrieval at 14 and 28 days after implantation for analyses. Results and Discussion The cultured renal cells expressed EPO at each subculture stage. Western Blots detected EPO protein in the kidney cells of all passages tested. ELISA Assay showed that the renal cells grown under hypoxic condition produced EPO. Histologically, the retrieved implants showed cell survival and tissue formation in vivo. Presence of EPO producing cells were confirmed using EPO specific antibodies. Conclusions These results demonstrate that EPO producing renal cells can be grown, stably express EPO in culture, and are able to form tissue in vivo. This study shows that EPO producing cells may be used as a potential treatment option for anemia caused by chronic renal failure.
Synthesis of [(Me3SiNCH2CH2)3N]3- and [(C6F5NCH2CH2)3N]3- Complexes of Molybdenum and Tungsten That Contain CO, Isocyanides, or Ethylene (2000)

Paramagnetic complexes of the type [N3N]MoL ([N3N]3- = [(Me3SiNCH2CH2)3N]3-; L = CO, RNC, C2H4) have been prepared by displacing dinitrogen from [N3N]Mo(N2). [N3N]Mo(CO) was reduced by magnesium powder in the presence of Me3SiCl to yield the diamagnetic oxycarbyne complex [N3N]Mo⋮COSiMe3, while oxidation of [N3N]Mo(CN-t-Bu) with [Cp2Fe]OTf yielded {[N3N]Mo(CN-t-Bu)}OTf. Thermolysis of [N3N]Mo(CN-t-Bu) resulted in loss of a t-Bu radical to yield [N3N]Mo(CN), which was structurally characterized. [N3NF]ML ([N3NF]3- = [(C6F5NCH2CH2)3N]3-; M = Mo, W; L = CO, RNC) complexes have been prepared by one-electron reduction of [N3NF]M(OTf) in the presence of L. An X-ray study of [N3NF]W(CN-t-Bu) showed it to contain a bent isocyanide ligand. Anionic CO complexes were prepared by the two-electron reduction of [N3NF]M(OTf) in the presence of CO. An X-ray study of {[N3NF]W(CO)2}Na(ether)3 revealed it to have a pseudo-octahedral structure in which sodium is bound to the CO trans to the amine donor atom. Treatment of {[N3NF]M(CO)}- complexes with Me3SiCl gave oxycarbyne complexes [N3NF]M⋮COSiMe3. Reaction of [N3NF]WCO with V(Mes)3(THF) yielded [N3NF]W(CO)V(Mes)3, the structure of which was determined in an X-ray study. Cationic [N3NF]3- complexes could be prepared that contain up to 3 equiv of isocyanide. An X-ray study of {[N3NF]W(CN-t-Bu)3}BPh4 showed it to be a seven-coordinate species with one isocyanide located in the equatorial plane and the other two isocyanide ligands in the apical pocket. Reduction of [N3NF]W(OTf) under ethylene gave [N3NF]W(C2H4), which could be oxidized to yield diamagnetic {[N3NF]W(C2H4)}OTf.
Prodrugs of PKC modulators show enhanced HIV latency reversal and an expanded therapeutic window (2020)

AIDS is a pandemic disease caused by HIV that affects 37 million people worldwide. Current antiretroviral therapy slows disease progression but does not eliminate latently infected cells, which resupply active virus, thus necessitating lifelong treatment with associated compliance, cost, and chemoexposure issues. Latency-reversing agents (LRAs) activate these cells, allowing for their potential clearance, thus presenting a strategy to eradicate the infection. Protein kinase C (PKC) modulators-including prostratin, ingenol esters, bryostatin, and their analogs-are potent LRAs in various stages of development for several clinical indications. While LRAs are promising, a major challenge associated with their clinical use is sustaining therapeutically meaningful levels of the active agent while minimizing side effects. Here we describe a strategy to address this problem based on LRA prodrugs, designed for controllable release of the active LRA after a single injection. As intended, these prodrugs exhibit comparable or superior in vitro activity relative to the parent compounds. Selected compounds induced higher in vivo expression of CD69, an activation biomarker, and, by releasing free agent over time, significantly improved tolerability when compared to the parent LRAs. More generally, selected prodrugs of PKC modulators avoid the bolus toxicities of the parent drug and exhibit greater efficacy and expanded tolerability, thereby addressing a longstanding objective for many clinical applications.
Ablating Premature Ventricular Complexes: Justification, Techniques, and Outcomes (2015)

We reviewed the underlying principles that allow for safe and effective ablation for premature ventricular complexes. Clinical scenarios that necessitate consideration for ablation, the underlying anatomy, and the unique consideration to maximize energy delivery without compromising safety are sequentially examined.
Direct Soft Prior Regularization in NIR Spectral Tomography from MRI-contrast and Distance-constraints, for Segmentation-free Reconstruction (2016)

Results of simulation and patient image reconstructions showed that a distance-constrained direct regularization can improve MRI guided near-infrared breast image quality in terms of less artifacts and higher HbT contrast of the tumor to normal tissue.
Application of Photonic Crystal Enhanced Fluorescence to a Cytokine Immunoassay (2008)

Photonic crystal surfaces are demonstrated as a means for enhancing the detection sensitivity and resolution for assays that use a fluorescent tag to quantify the concentration of an analyte protein molecule in a liquid test sample. Computer modeling of the spatial distribution of resonantly coupled electromagnetic fields on the photonic crystal surface are used to estimate the magnitude of enhancement factor compared to performing the same fluorescent assay on a plain glass surface, and the photonic crystal structure is fabricated and tested to experimentally verify the performance using a sandwich immunoassay for the protein tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha). The demonstrated photonic crystal fabrication method utilizes a nanoreplica molding technique that allows for large-area inexpensive fabrication of the structure in a format that is compatible with confocal microarray laser scanners. The signal-to-noise ratio for fluorescent spots on the photonic crystal is increased by at least 5-fold relative to the glass slide, allowing a TNF-alpha concentration of 1.6 pg/mL to be distinguished from noise on a photonic crystal surface. In addition, the minimum quantitative limit of detection on the photonic crystal surface is one-third the limit on the glass slide--a decrease from 18 to 6 pg/mL. The increased performance of the immunoassay allows for more accurate quantitation of physiologically relevant concentrations of TNF-alpha in a protein microarray format that can be expanded to multiple cytokines.