gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance of different etch chemistries on titanium nitride antireflective coating layers and related selectivity and microloading improvements for submicron geometries obtained with a high-density metal etcher (1997)

Different chemistries were evaluated in a metal etcher with a high-density plasma source that was used to etch a titanium nitride antireflective coating (ARC). A composite film structure consisting of aluminum (with 0.5%–1% Cu) as the underlying layer, a titanium nitride ARC layer, and titanium nitride as the barrier layer were used for the standard stack, while titanium nitride and aluminum layers alone were used for the initial characterizations of the process. Conventional BCl3/Cl2 chemistry was used initially to etch both the titanium nitride ARC layer and the underlying aluminum layer. The performance of BCl3/Cl2 chemistry on the titanium nitride ARC layer as well as on the composite stack was evaluated. Partial etch measurements were taken to calculate the composite microloading and resist selectivity values. Different etch chemistries were then employed for the ARC layer while keeping conventional BCl3/Cl2 chemistry for the aluminum layer, and the difference in process performances were evaluated. Fluorine additives along with chlorine as the main etchant gave very high etch rate values for the titanium nitride layer. CHF3 was added as the fluorine source for the current study. When the titanium nitride layer was etched with chemistries having faster etch rates, CHF3 added chemistries in the current study, a remarkable improvement in the composite microloading was observed, compared to the microloading values obtained with conventional chemistry. An improved etch rate uniformity was another noticeable performance improvement. Possible mechanisms for these trends are explained in this article. The experimental portion of this article will provide details relating to the etcher and the film structure used for the study. The results and discussion section will give details of the process performance and a comparative evaluation of different titanium nitride chemistries, as well as possible mechanism for the trends observed.
Artificial helical nanomagnets (2007)

We demonstrate the existence of a helical state in patterned multilayer nanomagnets. The artificial helimagnets consist of a stack of single domain ferromagnetic disks separated by insulating nonmagnetic spacers. The spiral state is shown to originate from the magnetostatic interaction between nearest and next nearest neighbouring single-domain disks in the stack. Since the magnetostatic interaction for such disks is rather strong, the helical state should be stable at room temperature. The helimagnets were fabricated from a [Co/Si]*3 multilayer using electron beam lithography. The helical state was confirmed by a magnetic stray field analysis using magnetic force microscopy.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Individual Isomers of Leu‐enkephalin Analogues Containing Substituted β‐Turn Bicyclic Dipeptide Mimetics. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Death of developing septal cholinergic neurons following NGF withdrawal in vitro: protection by protein synthesis inhibition. (1994)

Fetal septal neurons were grown in vitro under glass coverslips. This sandwich culture method significantly increased general neuronal survival, reduced glial proliferation, and permitted the removal of serum from the growth medium after 5 d in vitro. Thereafter, a simple, and completely defined, medium was used, and the effects of NGF, NGF withdrawal, and protein synthesis inhibition were examined on septal cholinergic neurons. NGF added to septal cultures at the time of plating resulted in a threefold increase in the number of cholinergic neurons seen at 14 d in vitro but had no effect on the survival of non-cholinergic cells. Cholinergic neurons identified by staining for AChE, ChAT, and p75NGFR could be maintained in serum-free, NGF-supplemented medium for over 40 d. When NGF was removed and NGF antibodies added to 14-d-old cultures, less than 30% of cholinergic neurons survived a further 4 d, but when NGF was similarly withdrawn from 35-d-old cultures, over 75% of cholinergic neurons survived. Reapplication of NGF after 3 but not after 12 or more hours of NGF withdrawal from 14-d-old cultures prevented the death of most cholinergic neurons. When NGF was withdrawn from 14-d-old cultures in the presence of the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide, over 75% of the cholinergic neurons survived. These findings suggest that septal cholinergic neurons are dependent on NGF for survival only during a critical period of development and that growth factor-regulated developmental cell death may occur in CNS neurons by activation of programmed cell death requiring protein synthesis.
Special issue on Polyoxometalates (2018)

José Ramón Galán-Mascarós and Ulrich Kortz introduce this special issue of Acta Crystallographica Section C on `Polyoxometalates' marking a special anniversary of this exciting class of inorganic compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of the Annonaceae. Part 29. Structure of Mezzettiaside‐2, ‐4, ‐5, ‐6 and ‐7, New Partially Esterified 1‐O‐Octyl Tri‐ and Tetrarhamnosyl Derivatives from Mezzettia leptopoda (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Biodegradable Composites from Sugar Beet Pulp and Poly(lactic acid) (2005)

Sugar beet pulp and poly(lactic acid) (PLA) composites were prepared by compression-heating. The resultant thermoplastics had a lower density, but they had tensile strength similar to that of pure PLA specimens as well as the same geometric properties. Tensile properties depended on the initial water content of sugar beet pulp and the process by which composites were manufactured. In comparison with sugar beet pulp, the composite showed improved water resistance. This can be attributed to the hydrophobic character of PLA and pulp-matrix interactions. The composite thermoplastics showed suitable properties for potential use as lightweight construction materials.
Ultimate Sensitivity for Optically Preamplified Direct-Detected OFDM Systems Using Spectrally Matched Optical Filters (2009)

We investigate the lower sensitivity bound, in terms of optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR), for direct-detected orthogonal frequency-division-multiplexing (DD-OFDM) systems in the presence of optically preamplified receivers. Using the spectrally matched optical filter, which is composed of two parallel filters for the carrier and sideband and has a passband matching to the signal spectrum, the ultimate sensitivity of DD-OFDM is found theoretically to approach that of coherent optical OFDM. We also investigate the effects of the filter's orders and bandwidths to the improved OSNR, and found that these effects could be effectively mitigated via the use of an optical amplifier for the carrier.
High Power, Linearly Polarized Yb-doped Fiber Laser (2004)

An all-fiber linearly polarized laser cavity comprising an all-glass, polarization-maintaining double clad fiber fusion spliced to a single-polarization fiber was demonstrated. The laser exhibited an output power of 62 W with a 20 dB polarization extinction ratio.
Biosynthesis of the Hypotensive Metabolite Oudenone by Oudemansiella radicata. 1. Intact Incorporation of a Tetraketide Chain Elongation Intermediate (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBiosynthesis of the Hypotensive Metabolite Oudenone by Oudemansiella radicata. 1. Intact Incorporation of a Tetraketide Chain Elongation IntermediateYoula S. Tsantrizos, Fei Zhou, Parsa Famili, and Xianshu YangCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 21, 6922–6929Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00126a050https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00126a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views321Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (3)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
12.7-times energy efficiency increase of 16-bit integer unit by power supply voltage (V DD ) scaling from 1.2V to 310mV enabled by contention-less flip-flops (CLFF) and separated V DD between flip-flops and combinational logics (2011)

Contention-less flip-flops (CLFF's) and separated power supply voltages (V DD ) between flip-flops (FF's) and combinational logics are proposed to achieve a maximum energy efficiency operation. The proposed technologies were applied to a 16-bit integer unit (IU) for media processing in a 65-nm CMOS process. Measurement results of fabricated chips show that the proposed CLFF reduces the minimum operating voltage of IU's by 64mV on average. By scaling V DD from 1.2V to 310mV with the proposed CLFF, the maximum energy efficiency of 1835GOPS/W and the highest energy efficiency increase of 12.7 times are achieved.
Proceedings of the Fifth International Natural Language Generation Conference (2008)

We are pleased to introduce the technical program of the Fifth International Natural Language Generation Conference (INLG 2008), the Biennial Meeting of SIGGEN, the ACL Special Interest Group in Natural Language Generation. INLG is the leading international conference on research into natural language generation. It has been held in Sydney (Australia) in 2006, at Brockenhurst (UK) in 2004, in Harriman (New York, USA) in 2002, and in Mitzpe Ramon (Israel) in 2000. Prior to 2000, the INLG meetings were International Workshops, running every other year since 1984. The INLG conference provides a forum for the discussion, dissemination and archiving of research topics and results in the field of text generation. This year, INLG is being held immediately prior to the main ACL-08:HLT conference, on June 12--14, 2008, in southeastern Ohio, USA, at the Salt Fork Resort and Conference Center.

The INLG program consists of substantial, original, and previously unpublished results on all topics related to natural language generation. This year, as in previous years, each submission was reviewed by at least three members of an international program committee of leading researchers in the field, listed on the next page. We received 35 submissions (both full papers and poster papers) from all over the world, from which we accepted 17 as full papers and 7 as posters. One poster was subsequently retracted as unfortunately the authors could not find sponsorship to attend the conference.

This year, the program includes two invited talks, one by Kiwako Ito and Shari Speer (The Ohio State University, USA), entitled Prominence and Phrasing in Spoken Discourse Processing, and one by Matthew Stone (Rutgers University, USA), entitled Language, Embodiment and Social Intelligence. We are also excited to host a special session devoted to the Referring Expression Generation Challenge 2008, organized by Anja Belz (University of Brighton, UK) and Albert Gatt (University of Aberdeen, UK).
Contiguous Multi-User Scheduling and Power Control for 5G-NR Uplink (2021)

5G massive MIMO deployments up to 64T64R (64 Transmit and 64 Receive) antenna arrays are gaining traction, in part due to the smaller size of such arrays suitable for mid-band spectrum (2-5 GHz). A scheduling algorithm that can aggressively pair many UEs (User Equipment) on the same time-frequency resources is essential to fully derive the benefits of such an array. In this paper, an uplink scheduler design is proposed based on RME (Recursive Maximal Expansion) that ensures contiguous resource allocation and power constraint for each UE, while maximizing MU (Multi-User) MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) gains by selecting and pairing UE groups based on the sum-PF (Proportional Fair) metric. We show, using realistic system level simulations, that up to 100% average cell-throughput gains can be achieved by MU-MIMO over SU (Single-User) MIMO in dense urban micro cell deployment scenarios presenting an attractive proposition for massive MIMO array deployments. It is observed that power control parameters play a critical role and should be optimized considering scheduler behavior, especially for cell-edge throughput improvement.
Assessment of the Huygens’ Box Method With Different Sources Near Obstacles (2019)

The Huygens' box (HB) method allows an arbitrary printed circuit board (PCB) in a simulation to be replaced with a set of current sources on a closed surface. A numerical study of the method is performed with different noise sources, represented by its HB, in combination with different obstacles. The chosen combinations mimic radiation features of real PCBs and product environments. This study shows that if the ground plane and substrate are included in the HB, the accuracy of the HB method generally is good. However, if the coupling between the PCB and the obstacle is strong, the method fails at a few resonance frequencies. In the search for the methods general limits, it is shown that the method cannot predict the maximum radiated emission of power plane resonances without including the vias in the HB.
Cooperative integration of harvesting sections for passive RFID communication (2015)

This paper considers the integration of three attractive concepts: Electromagnetic Energy Harvesting (EEH), Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) communication, and exploiting the non-linear characteristic of RF devices. An EEH circuit is integrated with a passive RFID tag profiting from three nonlinear phenomena of rectifying elements: (1) the impedance power dependency, (2) the harmonic production, and (3) the RF waveform dependency. The harmonic signals generated by the rectifier section of a commercial 868 MHz RFID chip, and additionally an external modulated signal at the 2.4 GHz ISM band are harvested by rectifier circuit and are used to supply the RFID chip with additional dc energy in order to increase its sensitivity. A prototype is tested and experimental results show the cooperative effect by maximizing the RF-to-dc conversion efficiency of the EEH section (from 40 % to 64 %) and simultaneously enhancing the sensitivity of the RFID chip by 7.2 dB.
Prediction, Microarray and Northern Blot Analyses Identify New Intergenic Small RNAs in <b><i>Aliivibrio salmonicida</i></b> (2012)

Bacterial small RNAs (sRNAs) are trans-encoded regulatory RNAs that typically bind mRNAs by short-sequence complementarities and change the expression of the corresponding proteins. Some of the well-characterized sRNAs serve critical steps in the regulation of important cellular processes, such as quorum sensing (Qrr), iron homeostasis (RyhB), oxidative stress (OxyS), and carbon metabolism (Spot 42). However, many sRNAs remain to be identified, and the functional roles of sRNAs are known for only a small fraction. For example, of the hundreds of candidate sRNAs from members of the bacterial family Vibrionaceae, the function is known for only 9. We have in this study significantly contributed to the discovery and verification of new sRNAs in a representative of Vibrionaceae, i.e. the Aliivibrio salmonicida, which causes severe disease in farmed Atlantic salmon and other fishes. A computational search for intergenic non-coding (nc) RNAs in the 4.6-Mb genome identified a total of 252 potential ncRNAs (including 233 putative sRNAs). Depending on the set threshold value for fluorescence signal in our microarray approach, we identified 50-80 putative ncRNAs, 12 of which were verified by Northern blot analysis. In total, we identified 9 new sRNAs.
HLA‐DQw3.1 and DQw3.2 associated exon polymorphisms detected by oligonucleotide probes (1988)

HLA class II polymorphisms have been analyzed on the genomic level by two oligonucleotide probes corresponding to the DNA sequence coding for the amino acids 23-30 in the first domain of the beta chain of DQw3.1 and DQw3.2. Specific hybridization to single endonuclease fragments of DNA from some HLA homozygous cells was detected. Here we report the distribution of these DNA exon sequences among different DQ alleles, and demonstrate that the probes may be used to type for DQw3.1 and DQw3.2 respectively.
Vector Magnetograph Design (1996)

This report covers work performed during the period of November 1994 through March 1996 on the design of a Space-borne Solar Vector Magnetograph. This work has been performed as part of a design team under the supervision of Dr. Mona Hagyard and Dr. Alan Gary of the Space Science Laboratory. Many tasks were performed and this report documents the results from some of those tasks, each contained in the corresponding appendix. Appendices are organized in chronological order.
Generic sensing hardware and real-time reconstruction for structured analog signals (2011)

Generic acquisition hardware promotes a unified treatment of various signal classes. In modern applications involving wide input bandwidths, uniform sampling, the common practice for generic digitization, leads to prohibitively large sampling and processing rates due to the wide Nyquist bandwidth of the input. In this paper, we present the X-ADC system which narrows down the input bandwidth by analog preprocessing prior to sampling at rates substantially lower than Nyquist. As we show, the X-ADC strategy is generic in the sense that multitude radio and medical imaging applications with structured signals can utilize the same architecture for low rate acquisition. A recently published sub-Nyquist hardware, which was designed according to the proposed X-ADC scheme, provides a concrete reference for the present study. We complement the generic acquisition by reporting on a real-time embedded implementation of a sub-Nyquist reconstruction algorithm. The embedded design enables, for example, fast spectrum sensing which is essential to real-time cognitive radio applications.
Analysis of Gender Differences in Information Retrieval Skills in the Use of Electronic Resources among Post Graduate Students of Alagappa University, Tamil Nadu (2018)

This paper is to know how the post graduate students of Alagappa University, applied their Information Retrieval skills in accessing electronic resources. The samples are collected from the 252 of four faculties’ postgraduate students of Alagappa University. With the help of filled questionnaire, the collected data was further analysed by using simple percentage, standard deviations and Chi-Square test. This study mainly focused on information retrieving skill among graduate students of Alagappa University. Female respondents are more compare than male students. It aspires to measure the postgraduate graduates’ use and access of searching the information using web tools, techniques and resources. This study finds that female respondents are high information retrieval skills compared to male. This study also emphasis most of the respondents Searching the electronic catalogue (OPAC) through the author, title and shelf searches.” has highest mean score as far as both male and female respondents 4.54 (S.D. 0.789) and male respondents 4.35 (0.957) are concerned.
Idealized Modeling and Analysis of the Shuttle Orbiter Wing Leading Edge Impact Data (2007)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Some selected segments of the ascent and the on-orbit data from the Space Shuttle flight, STS114, as well as some selected laboratory test article data have been analyzed using wavelets, power spectrum and autocorrelation function. Additionally, a simple approximate noise test was performed on these data segments to confirm the presence or absence of white noise behavior in the data. This study was initially directed at characterizing the on-orbit background against which a signature due to an impact during on-orbit operation could be identified. The laboratory data analyzed here mimic low velocity impact that the Orbiter may be subjected to during the very initial stages of ascent. A high velocity impact to an RCC airfoil that could represent an impact in flight was modeled using the finite difference structural dynamic simulator, FiDDLE&lt;span class="xref"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; Even though there are differences between the actual wing leading edge and the simple airfoil geometries as well as an essential difference between the characteristics of the flight impact and the modeled impact, a comparison between an ascent phase signature and this modeled signature has provided some useful insight. Indeed, the high frequency impact signature observed in the modeling results at a given numerical sensor location is similar to that present in the Orbiter ascent data as recorded on unit 1023. Also, the modeled stress signatures suggest that a single-axis accelerometer be oriented in a preferred direction, given the type of impact.&lt;/div&gt;
Regulation of Monocyte Functional Heterogeneity by miR-146a and Relb (2012)

Monocytes serve as a central defense system against infection and injury but can also promote pathological inflammatory responses. Considering the evidence that monocytes exist in at least two subsets committed to divergent functions, we investigated whether distinct factors regulate the balance between monocyte subset responses in vivo. We identified a microRNA (miRNA), miR-146a, which is differentially regulated both in mouse (Ly-6C(hi)/Ly-6C(lo)) and human (CD14(hi)/CD14(lo)CD16(+)) monocyte subsets. The single miRNA controlled the amplitude of the Ly-6C(hi) monocyte response during inflammatory challenge whereas it did not affect Ly-6C(lo) cells. miR-146a-mediated regulation was cell-intrinsic and depended on Relb, a member of the noncanonical NF-κB/Rel family, which we identified as a direct miR-146a target. These observations not only provide mechanistic insights into the molecular events that regulate responses mediated by committed monocyte precursor populations but also identify targets for manipulating Ly-6C(hi) monocyte responses while sparing Ly-6Clo monocyte activity.