gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prolonged ( E )-4-Hydroxy-3-Methyl-But-2-Enyl Pyrophosphate-Driven Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Responses of Pulmonary and Systemic Vγ2Vδ2 T Cells in Macaques (2007)

Although phosphoantigen-specific Vgamma2Vdelta2 T cells appear to play a role in antimicrobial and anticancer immunity, mucosal immune responses and effector functions of these gammadelta T cells during infection or phospholigand treatment remain poorly characterized. In this study, we demonstrate that the microbial phosphoantigen (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl pyrophosphate (HMBPP) plus IL-2 treatment of macaques induced a prolonged major expansion of circulating Vgamma2Vdelta2 T cells that expressed CD8 and produced cytotoxic perforin during their peak expansion. Interestingly, HMBPP-activated Vgamma2Vdelta2 T cells underwent an extraordinary pulmonary accumulation, which lasted for 3-4 mo, although circulating Vgamma2Vdelta2 T cells had returned to baseline levels weeks prior. The Vgamma2Vdelta2 T cells that accumulated in the lung following HMBPP/IL-2 cotreatment displayed an effector memory phenotype, as follows: CCR5+CCR7-CD45RA-CD27+ and were able to re-recognize phosphoantigen and produce copious amounts of IFN-gamma up to 15 wk after treatment. Furthermore, the capacity of massively expanded Vgamma2Vdelta2 T cells to produce cytokines in vivo coincided with an increase in numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ alphabeta T cells after HMBPP/IL-2 cotreatment as well as substantial perforin expression by CD3+Vgamma2- T cells. Thus, the prolonged HMBPP-driven antimicrobial and cytotoxic responses of pulmonary and systemic Vgamma2Vdelta2 T cells may confer immunotherapeutics against infectious diseases and cancers.
First‐order Raman scattering of the MAX phases: Ti2AlN, Ti2AlC0.5N0.5, Ti2AlC, (Ti0.5V0.5)2AlC, V2AlC, Ti3AlC2, and Ti3GeC2 (2011)

Abstract Here, we report, for the first time, on the Raman spectra of Ti 2 AlN, Ti 2 AlC 0.5 N 0.5 , (Ti 0.5 V 0.5 ) 2 AlC, Ti 3 AlC 2 , and Ti 3 GeC 2 and compare the results with those of Ti 2 AlC and V 2 AlC reported previously. The first‐order mode peaks of the end members are narrower than those of their respective solid‐solution compounds. The Ti 3 AlC 2 and Ti 3 GeC 2 phases show, in addition to atomic displacements of the ‘M’ and ‘A’ atomic planes, modes that correspond with vibrations of the ‘X’ sublattice relative to itself. We also predict the Raman modes using density functional theory. The agreement between theory and experiment was found to be satisfactory. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Passively Mode-locked Holmium-doped Fiber Oscillators Optimized for Ho:YLF Amplifier Seeding (2015)

We present soliton operation of holmium-doped fiber oscillators with independently tunable central wavelengths from 2040nm to 2070nm and spectral widths from 5nm to 10nm, which can be matched to the requirements of Ho:YLF amplifiers.
Nonce-based authenticated key establishment over OAuth 2.0 IoT proof-of-possession architecture (2016)

The Internet of Things will scale to billions of devices in the next coming years. A secure communication framework is needed to interconnect all these objects, by taking into account their intrinsic constrained in terms of energy, cpu and memory; Several proposals relying on adapting existing well-known and standardized security solutions exist, but we believe there is still a gap for most-constrained nodes to provide fine-grained authorization and secure establishment of fresh cryptographic keys. We propose a mechanism that runs on top of the OAuth Authorization architecture and provides the bootstrapping of fresh authenticated symmetric cryptographic material between previously unknown parties using a nonce-based protocol. We set up an energy measurement platform to evaluate our proposal and compare it with existing work.
2 Biorefineries of the future (2021)

This chapter is aimed at providing the state-of-the-art and the main characteristics of what is meant today by integrated biorefineries, referring to the most advanced definitions and classifications. Up-to-date data on existing biorefineries in Europe and outside have been presented, giving an insight from examples of excellence in EU. The evolution potential of the “biorefineries of the future” (BOF) in accelerating the transition to a more sustainable development model, capable to preserve natural resources and social fabric has been analyzed. Moreover, the tools for a real and effective implementation of BOF, the most relevant expression of circular bioeconomy, have been identified.
Discovery of BMS-641988, a Novel Androgen Receptor Antagonist for the Treatment of Prostate Cancer (2015)

BMS-641988 (23) is a novel, nonsteroidal androgen receptor antagonist designed for the treatment of prostate cancer. The compound has high binding affinity for the AR and acts as a functional antagonist in vitro. BMS-641988 is efficacious in multiple human prostate cancer xenograft models, including CWR22-BMSLD1 where it displays superior efficacy relative to bicalutamide. Based on its promising preclinical profile, BMS-641988 was selected for clinical development.
On Designing Energy-Efficient Heterogeneous Cloud Radio Access Networks (2018)

Heterogeneous cloud radio access network (H-CRAN) promises higher energy efficiency (EE) than the conventional cellular networks by centralizing the baseband signal processing into the baseband unit (BBU) pool hosted by cloud computing platforms. Because of the difference between H-CRAN and conventional cellular networks, existing energy-efficient networking mechanisms designed for conventional cellular networks cannot fully leverage H-CRAN in terms of reducing the network energy consumption. In this paper, we bridge this gap by proposing a radio resource management scheme to optimize the network EE (NEE) of H-CRAN. We develop a network energy consumption model that characterizes the energy consumption of radio access points, fronthaul, and the BBU pool in H-CRAN. Based on the network energy consumption model, we formulate the NEE optimization problem with the consideration of the capacity constrained fronthaul. The NEE optimization problem is a mixed integer non-linear programming problem. We propose the H-CRAN energy-efficient radio resource management (HERM) algorithm to solve the NEE optimization problem efficiently. Various properties of the proposed solution are derived and extensive simulations are conducted. The simulation results show that the HERM algorithm significantly improves the NEE of H-CRAN. As compared with a baseline algorithm in which the radio resource management is not optimized, HERM boosts the NEE by 59% under the dynamic network traffic. As compared to an energy-efficient radio resource allocation (ERA) algorithm which does not optimize the energy consumption of the BBU pool, the NEE of H-CRAN achieved by the HERM algorithm is up to 51% better than that by the ERA algorithm with network traffic dynamics.
Sparse superposition codes: A practical approach (2015)

Sparse Superposition Codes are a class of capacity achieving codes for which decoding can be interpreted as a compressive sensing problem. The approximate message passing algorithm, proven to be effective in compressive sensing, has been proposed in different incarnations as a valid decoding approach. However, most literature focuses on infinite code length and asymptotic performance, while the strong reliance on matrix-and vector-wise operations suggests that a hardware-oriented approach might be more efficient. This work analyzes the performance of two decoding algorithms with finite code lengths and fixed point precision: 5-bit codeword symbol quantization is shown to cause performance degradation ≤ 0.15 dB. In-algorithm quantization values are proposed, together with code construction and algorithm approximations that cause negligible performance degradation. After selecting a set of codes as a case study, a decoding complexity estimation is performed, demonstrating that a fully parallel architecture is unfeasible. Suggestions and improvements towards partially-parallel solutions are given.
Wavelength tuning of photonic crystal waveguides fabricated using 248-nm deep UV lithography (2004)

Wavelength tuning of characteristic features of straight photonic crystal waveguides has been obtained by varying the exposure dose in deep UV lithography. The experimental results agree very well with numerical simulations.
CTRL (2010)

Femtocell technology has been drawing considerable attention as a cost-effective means of improving cellular coverage and capacity. However, under co-channel deployment, femtocells may incur high uplink interference to existing macrocells, and vice versa. To alleviate this interference, we propose a distributed and self-organizing femtocell management architecture, called CTRL Complementary TRi-control Loops), that consists of three control loops. First, for protection of macrocell users' uplink communications, CTRL controls the maximum TX power of femtocell users based on the fedback macrocell's load margin so as to keep, on average, the macrocell load below a certain threshold. Second, CTRL determines the target SINRs of femtocell users, conditioned on the maximum TX power, to reach a Nash equilibrium based on their utility functions, thus achieving efficient coordination of uplink usage among femtocells. Third, for protection of femtocell users' uplink communications, the instantaneous TX power of each femtocell user is controlled to achieve the target SINR against bursty interference from nearby macrocell or femtocell users.
Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Alterations in Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore (mPTP) Contribute to Apoptosis Resistance in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Fibroblasts (2021)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a devastating disease characterized by increased activation of fibroblasts/myofibroblasts. Previous reports have shown that IPF fibroblasts are resistant to apoptosis, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Since inhibition of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) has been implicated in the resistance to apoptosis, in this study, we analyzed the role of mitochondrial function and the mPTP on the apoptosis resistance of IPF fibroblasts under basal conditions and after mitomycin C-induced apoptosis. We measured the release of cytochrome c, mPTP opening, mitochondrial calcium release, oxygen consumption, mitochondrial membrane potential, ADP/ATP ratio, ATP concentration, and mitochondrial morphology. We found that IPF fibroblasts were resistant to mitomycin C-induced apoptosis and that calcium, a well-established activator of mPTP, is decreased as well as the release of pro-apoptotic proteins such as cytochrome c. Likewise, IPF fibroblasts showed decreased mitochondrial function, while mPTP was less sensitive to ionomycin-induced opening. Although IPF fibroblasts did not present changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential, we found a fragmented mitochondrial network with scarce, thinned, and disordered mitochondria with reduced ATP levels. Our findings demonstrate that IPF fibroblasts are resistant to mitomycin C-induced apoptosis and that altered mPTP opening contributes to this resistance. In addition, IPF fibroblasts show mitochondrial dysfunction evidenced by a decrease in respiratory parameters.
P-Ink displays: flexible, low power, reflective color (2013)

Opalux’s P-Ink material represents a revolutionary step forward in display technology, offering the ability to reflect bright and vivid colors spanning the visible spectrum. By applying low power electric pulses, the color of this Photonic Color-based material can be selected at will, with the resulting electrically bi-stable color states requiring no power to maintain. It can be coated onto rigid and flexible substrates in scale, highlighting its potential to drive the development of bendable form factors for displays.
Small area photoemission and photoabsorption measurements using a photoelectron microscope (1990)

A technique is demonstrated for measuring photoemission and photoabsorption spectra from areas as small as 20 µm in diameter. A magnetic projection photoelectron microscope relying on the electron imaging and magnifying properties of a diverging magnetic field is described. This photoelectron microscope is of the type originally conceived by the Turner group at Oxford University. XANES spectra from 20 µm diameter regions of high Tc superconductors and from 40 µm diameter regions at the bottom of vias etched through photoresist are presented. Small area UPS spectra of In deposited locally on GaAs are also shown. Potential exists to measure photoabsorption spectra from areas on the order of one micron square.
Penicillin resistance in the intestinal spirochaete Brachyspira pilosicoli associated with OXA-136 and OXA-137, two new variants of the class D -lactamase OXA-63 (2008)

Penicillin resistance mediated by β-lactamase activity has been reported previously in the anaerobic intestinal spirochaete Brachyspira pilosicoli, and a novel class D β-lactamase (OXA-63) hydrolysing oxacillin was described recently in a resistant human strain from France. In the current study, 18 B. pilosicoli strains from Australia and Papua New Guinea were tested for ampicillin and oxacillin susceptibility, and investigated for the presence of the class D β-lactamase gene blaOXA-63 using PCR. PCR products were amplified from seven human and four porcine strains that were penicillin resistant, but not from seven penicillin-sensitive strains. Sequence analysis of the whole gene amplified from seven of the resistant strains from humans and pigs revealed only minor nucleotide differences among them, but there were significant differences compared with blaOXA-63. The predicted amino acid sequence of the enzyme from all seven strains had the same key structural motifs as the previously reported OXA-63, but two variants with 94–95 % identity with OXA-63 were identified. OXA-136 had an additional amino acid and 12 other consistent amino acid substitutions compared with OXA-63. OXA-137 had the same differences compared with OXA-63 as OXA-136, but had an additional amino acid substitution at position 16. No structures consistent with integrons or transposons were found in the nucleotide sequences in the vicinity of blaOXA-136 in partially sequenced B. pilosicoli strain 95/1000, and the GC content (25.2 mol%) of the gene was similar to that of the whole genome. The gene encoding OXA-136 from B. pilosicoli strain Cof-10 conferred penicillin resistance on Escherichia coli. This study shows that penicillin resistance in human and porcine B. pilosicoli strains from Australia is associated with the production of two variants of OXA-63, and that susceptible strains lack the genes encoding OXA-63 or the variants.
800 C Silicon Carbide (SiC) Pressure Sensors for Engine Ground Testing (2016)

MEMS-based 4H-SiC piezoresistive pressure sensors have been demonstrated at 800 C, leading to the discovery of strain sensitivity recovery with increasing temperatures above 400 C, eventually achieving up to, or near, 100 recovery of the room temperature values at 800 C. This result will allow the insertion of highly sensitive pressure sensors closer to jet, rocket, and hypersonic engine combustion chambers to improve the quantification accuracy of combustor dynamics, performance, and increase safety margin. Also, by operating at higher temperature and locating closer to the combustion chamber, reduction of the length (weight) of pressure tubes that are currently used will be achieved. This will result in reduced costlb to access space.
Correction: The Malagarasi River Does Not Form an Absolute Barrier to Chimpanzee Movement in Western Tanzania (2017)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058965.].
The VISTA Variables in the Vía Láctea infrared variability catalogue (VIVA-I) (2020)

ABSTRACT High extinction and crowding create a natural limitation for optical surveys towards the central regions of the Milky Way, where the gas and dust are mainly confined. Large-scale near-infrared (IR) surveys of the Galactic plane and bulge are a good opportunity to explore open scientific questions as well as to test our capability to explore future data sets efficiently. Thanks to the VISTA Variables in the Vía Láctea (VVV) ESO public survey, it is now possible to explore a large number of objects in those regions. This paper addresses the variability analysis of all VVV point sources having more than 10 observations in VVVDR4 using a novel approach. In total, the near-IR light curves of 288 378 769 sources were analysed using methods developed in the New Insight Into Time Series Analysis project. As a result, we present a complete sample having 44 998 752 variable star candidates (VVV-CVSC), which include accurate individual coordinates, near-IR magnitudes (Z,Y,J, and Hs), extinctions A(Ks), variability indices, periods, amplitudes, among other parameters to assess the science. Unfortunately, a side effect of having a highly complete sample, is also having a high level of contamination by non-variable (contamination ratio of non-variables to variables is slightly over 10:1). To deal with this, we also provide some flags and parameters that can be used by the community to decrease the number of variable candidates without heavily decreasing the completeness of the sample. In particular, we cross-identified 339 601 of our sources with Simbad and AAVSO data bases, which provide us with information for these objects at other wavelengths. This subsample constitutes a unique resource to study the corresponding near-IR variability of known sources as well as to assess the IR variability related with X-ray and gamma-ray sources. On the other hand, the other ${\sim }99.5{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ sources in our sample constitutes a number of potentially new objects with variability information for the heavily crowded and reddened regions of the Galactic plane and bulge. The present results also provide an important queryable resource to perform variability analysis and to characterize ongoing and future surveys like TESS and LSST.
Multiband charge-coupled device (2012)

We present the multiband charge-coupled device (CCD), a new CCD architecture that contains multiple vertically stacked active layers, capable of generating color images without the use of external filters. One of the applications is to embed the band-resolving capability of astronomical cameras into the CCD and therefore improve the overall survey speed of the telescope. As a proof of concept, we describe a three-layer, three-phase, front-illuminated prototype and simulate its multiband absorption and charge-detection performance.
High Temperature Characterization of 41-SiC Normally-On Vertical JFETs with Buried Gate and Buried Field Rings (2006)

The continuous progress made over the past years in terms of material quality and key technological issues combined with a better understanding of the devices' physics have placed silicon carbide (SiC) devices in a position from where they can challenge the present day silicon (Si) solutions in high power/high temperature applications. Since they avoid gate oxide-related problems such as channel mobility and high temperature long term reliability typical of SiC MOSFETs, SiC JFETs are attractive candidates for applications requiring high power/high temperature operation. This paper reports for the first time experimental results of a 4H-SiC normally-on JFET using buried p+ gates and buried field rings (BFRs) in the termination region. The device uses a double layer epitaxial process with a novel, more highly doped buffer layer. The paper also investigates the high temperature operation (up to 300deg C) of the device
Ginsenoside Rg4 Enhances the Inductive Effects of Human Dermal Papilla Spheres on Hair Growth Via the AKT/GSK-3β/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway (2021)

Ginsenoside Rg4 is a rare ginsenoside that is naturally found in ginseng, and exhibits a wide range of biological activities including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in several cell types. The purpose of this study was to use an in vivo model of hair follicle (HF)-mimic based on a human dermal papilla (DP) spheroid system prepared by three-dimensional (3D) culture and to investigate the effect of Rg4 on the hair-inductive properties of DP cells. Treatment of the DP spheroids with Rg4 (20 to 50 μg/ml) significantly increased the viability and size of the DP spheres in a dose-dependent manner. Rg4 also increased the mRNA and protein expression of DP signature genes that are related to hair growth including <i>ALP</i>, <i>BMP2</i>, and <i>VCAN</i> in the DP spheres. Analysis of the signaling molecules and luciferase reporter assays further revealed that Rg4 induces the activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT and the inhibitory phosphorylation of GSK3β, which activates the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway. These results correlated with not only the increased nuclear translocation of β-catenin following the treatment of the DP spheres with Rg4 but also the significant elevation of mRNA expression of the downstream target genes of the WNT/β-catenin pathway including <i>WNT5A</i>, <i>β-catenin</i>, and <i>LEF1</i>. In conclusion, these results demonstrated that ginsenoside Rg4 promotes the hair-inductive properties of DP cells by activating the AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway in DP spheres, suggesting that Rg4 could be a potential natural therapy for hair growth.
Laboratory Evaluation of a Robotic Operative Microscope - Visualization Platform for Neurosurgery (2018)

Background We assessed a new robotic visualization platform with novel user-control features and compared its performance to the previous model of operative microscope. Methods In a neurosurgery research laboratory, we performed anatomical dissections and assessed robotic, exoscopic, endoscopic, fluorescence functionality. Usability and functionality were tested in the operating room over 1 year. Results The robotic microscope showed higher sensitivity for fluorescein sodium, higher detail in non-fluorescent background, and recorded/presented pictures with color quality similar to observation through the oculars. PpIX visualization was comparable to the previous microscope. Near-infrared indocyanine green imaging 3-step replay allowed for more convenient accurate assessment of blood flow. Point lock and pivot point functions were used in dissections to create 3D virtual reality microsurgical anatomy demonstrations. Pivot point control was particularly useful in deep surgical corridors with dynamic retraction. 3D exoscopic function was successfully used in brain tumor and spine cases. Endoscopic assistance was used for around-the-corner views in minimally invasive approaches. We present illustrative cases highlighting utility and new ways to control the operative microscope. Conclusion Improvements of the robotic visualization platform include intraoperative fluorescence visualization using FNa, integrated micro-inspection tool, improved ocular imaging clarity, and exoscopic mode. New robotic movements positively assist the surgeon and provide improved ergonomics and a greater level of intraoperative comfort, with the potential to increase the viewing quality. New operational modes also allow significant impact for anatomy instruction. With the increasing number and complexity of functions, surgeons should receive additional training in order to avail themselves of the advantages of the numerous novel features.