gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A New Hydraulic Fracturing Package Fit for Arctic Conditions ImprovesOperational Efficiency and Fracture Conductivity and Enhances Production inWestern Siberia (2006)

The extreme weather, the poor road conditions, the use of a wide variety of local river and produced waters, and the time-consuming batch mixing operations of tons of gel prior to the operation make each fracturing job in Siberia a real challenge. In a market where production needs are growing, efficiency and streamlined operations are required to enable a higher utilization rate and maintain execution quality.This paper introduces a new system where engineered polymer-based fracturing fluid and mixing equipment were integrated. While the conventional fracturing systems employ either batch mixing of gel for hours prior to the operation, or continuous mixing using polymer slurries suspended in hydrocarbon, the solution introduces mixing on-the-fly of all the streams, including the dry polymer, the crosslinker, and the activator streams. This significantly reduces the duration of each treatment. With the utilization of high yielding polymer, the new technology allows a reduction in polymer loading close to 20%, which translates to an increase in proppant pack conductivity of up to 10%, and thus an increase in productivity. The new technology introduces blends, allowing increased simplicity and improved reliability. The enhanced utilization of dry chemicals in an environment of sub-freezing temperatures also contributes to the operational simplicity. The system incorporates a robust chemistry with reduced sensitivity to additive concentrations and improved compatibility with local waters. The system has a broad application temperature range from 37°C to 149°C.As of today, 143 treatments have been successfully performed in the Priobskoe region of western Siberia with the integrated solution using various fields mixing waters. The duration of treatments has been reduced on average by 8 h, while 100% of the proppant was placed in 88% of the cases. The new fluid system has further allowed a decrease in polymer loading of 17% during the treatments.
Pharmacogenetic Differences in Response to Albuterol between Puerto Ricans and Mexicans with Asthma (2004)

Ethnic-specific pharmacogenetic differences exist between Arg16Gly genotypes, asthma severity, and bronchodilator response in Puerto Ricans and Mexicans with asthma. These findings underscore the need for additional research on racial/ethnic differences in asthma morbidity and drug responsiveness.
A xylose-inducible expression system forLactococcus lactis (2004)

A new controlled production system to target heterologous proteins to cytoplasm or extracellular medium is described for Lactococcus lactis NCDO2118. It is based on the use of a xylose-inducible lactococcal promoter, P(xylT). The capacities of this system to produce cytoplasmic and secreted proteins were tested using the Staphylococcus aureus nuclease gene (nuc) fused or not to the lactococcal Usp45 signal peptide. Xylose-inducible nuc expression is tightly controlled and resulted in high-level and long-term protein production, and correct targeting either to the cytoplasm or to the extracellular medium. Furthermore, this expression system is versatile and can be switched on or off easily by adding either xylose or glucose, respectively. These results confirm the potential of this expression system as an alternative and useful tool for the production of proteins of interest in L. lactis.
Some effects of inclination on elastohydrodynamic squeeze film problems (1976)

An analysis is presented for the non-inertial descent of an inclined sinkage element (a rectangular prism) through a viscous fluid onto a rigid surface. The effects of sinkage-element deformability, slip velocity and time-dependent loading conditions are considered. Unlike previous analyses no assumptions are made a priori about the form of the pressure distribution during, or the effect of corners on, inclined sinkage. The results for rigid square plates are compared with those of previous analyses and with the limited amount of experimental data available. Results are also presented for a deformable sinkage element, which is used to model the action of an individual tyre tread element on a wet pavement. An inclination function based on available data on the tyre surface shape in the footprint region is used. The loading function for this case is based on measured values of tyre footprint pressure.
Composition‐Tunable Antiperovskite CuxIn1−xNNi3 as Superior Electrocatalysts for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (2020)

A group of newly reported antiperovskite nitrides Cu<sub>x</sub> In<sub>1-x</sub> NNi<sub>3</sub> (0≤x≤1) with tunable composition are employed as electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Cu<sub>0.4</sub> In<sub>0.6</sub> NNi<sub>3</sub> shows the highest intrinsic performance among all developed catalysts with an overpotential of merely 42 mV at 10 mA cm<sub>geo</sub> <sup>-2</sup> . Stability tests at a high current density of 100 mA cm<sub>geo</sub> <sup>-2</sup> show its super-stable performance with only 7 mV increase in overpotential after more than 60 hours of measurement, surpassing commercial Pt/C (increase of 170 mV). By partial substitution, the derived antiperovskite nitride achieves a smaller kinetic barrier of water dissociation compared to the unsubstituted InNNi<sub>3</sub> and CuNNi<sub>3</sub> , revealed by first-principle calculations. It is found that the partially substituted Cu<sub>x</sub> In<sub>1-x</sub> NNi<sub>3</sub> possesses a thermal neutral and desirable Gibbs free energy of hydrogen for HER, ascribed to the tailoring of the energy of d-band center arose by the A-site (A=Cu or In) substitution and a resulting optimization of adsorbate interactions.
<title>Analog fiber optic links: progress and prospects</title> (1993)

There have been significant improvements in the performance of fiber-optic links over the last four years. We concentrate here on the improvements that DFB lasers have made to directly modulated links and that non-quadrature modulator bias brings to externally modulated links.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
CILIARY BODY DETACHMENT ASSOCIATED WITH TRANSIENT MYOPIC SHIFT AFTER PARS PLANA VITRECTOMY (2000)

KUSAKA, SHUNJI MD; OKADA, ANNABELLE A, MD; HAYASHI, ATSUSHI MD; HIGAKI, SHIRO MD; OHJI, MASAHITO MD; TANO, YASUO MD Author Information
BehaVR: User Identification Based on VR Sensor Data (2023)

Virtual reality (VR) platforms enable a wide range of applications, however, pose unique privacy risks. In particular, VR devices are equipped with a rich set of sensors that collect personal and sensitive information (e.g., body motion, eye gaze, hand joints, and facial expression). The data from these newly available sensors can be used to uniquely identify a user, even in the absence of explicit identifiers. In this paper, we seek to understand the extent to which a user can be identified based solely on VR sensor data, within and across real-world apps from diverse genres. We consider adversaries with capabilities that range from observing APIs available within a single app (app adversary) to observing all or selected sensor measurements across multiple apps on the VR device (device adversary). To that end, we introduce BehaVR, a framework for collecting and analyzing data from all sensor groups collected by multiple apps running on a VR device. We use BehaVR to collect data from real users that interact with 20 popular real-world apps. We use that data to build machine learning models for user identification within and across apps, with features extracted from available sensor data. We show that these models can identify users with an accuracy of up to 100%, and we reveal the most important features and sensor groups, depending on the functionality of the app and the adversary. To the best of our knowledge, BehaVR is the first to analyze user identification in VR comprehensively, i.e., considering all sensor measurements available on consumer VR devices, collected by multiple real-world, as opposed to custom-made, apps.
Electrostatic ion cyclotron instability due to a nonuniform electric field perpendicular to the external magnetic field (1985)

We suggest a new mechanism that can destabilize the kinetic ion cyclotron waves in the presence of a nonuniform electric field perpendicular to the uniform ambient magnetic field. In the absence of the electric field the mode energy is positive while in the presence of a uniform electric field the mode energy and could be negative. However, when the electric field is nonuniform, it is possible for a finite region to be of negative wave energy surrounded by regions of positive wave energy. A nonlocal wave packet couples the two regions so that a flow of energy from the region of negative wave energy to the region of positive wave energy will cause the mode to grow. This gives rise to the instability. Keywords: Nonlocal; Ion-cyclotron turbulence; Localized electric field; Positive-negative energy. (Author)
Optimal MPEG-2 transcoding for DVD recording system (2003)

This paper describes the application of transcoding techniques for high quality DVD recording. The architecture of a DVD recording system is presented, along with an optimal algorithm to perform quantization scale selection and mode decision in the transcoder. The experimental results show that the proposed optimal transcoding scheme outperforms the cascaded transcoder and MPEG-2 TM5 encoder.
Human CD141+ Dendritic Cells Induce CD4+ T Cells To Produce Type 2 Cytokines (2014)

Dendritic cells (DCs) play the central role in the priming of naive T cells and the differentiation of unique effector T cells. In this study, using lung tissues and blood from both humans and humanized mice, we analyzed the response of human CD1c(+) and CD141(+) DC subsets to live-attenuated influenza virus. Specifically, we analyzed the type of CD4(+) T cell immunity elicited by live-attenuated influenza virus-exposed DCs. Both DC subsets induce proliferation of allogeneic naive CD4(+) T cells with the capacity to secrete IFN-γ. However, CD141(+) DCs are uniquely able to induce the differentiation of IL-4- and IL-13-producing CD4(+) T cells. CD141(+) DCs induce IL-4- and IL-13-secreting CD4(+) T cells through OX40 ligand. Thus, CD141(+) DCs demonstrate remarkable plasticity in guiding adaptive immune responses.
ChemInform Abstract: 3‐(Trimethylsilyl)oxetan‐2‐ones via Enantioselective (2 + 2) Cycloaddition of (Trimethylsilyl)ketene to Aldehydes Catalyzed by Methylaluminoimidazolines. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A Cryo-CMOS Transmon Qubit Controller and Verification with FPGA Emulation (2022)

Future generations of quantum computers are expected to operate in a paradigm where multi-qubit devices will predominantly perform circuits to support quantum error correction. Highly integrated cryogenic electronics are a key enabling technology to support the control of the large numbers of physical qubits that will be required in this fault-tolerant, error-corrected regime. Here, we describe our perspectives on cryoelectronics-driven qubit control architectures, and will then describe an implementation of a scalable, low-power, cryogenic qubit state controller that includes a domain-specific processor and a SSB upconversion I/Q-mixer-based RF AWG. We will also describe an FPGA-based emulation platform that is able to closely reproduce the system intention, and which was used to verify different aspects of the ASIC system design in in situ transmon qubit control experiments.
A METHOD TO COLLECT AND PROCESS SKIN BIOPSIES FOR CELL CULTURE FROM FREE‐RANGING GRAY WHALES (ESCHRICHTIUS ROBUSTUS) (1988)

Abstract For researchers studying mysticere whales few methods for determining gender or for collecting biochemical and genetic information from unrestrained animals are available. The objective of this study was to develop a reliable method for collecting viable tissue samples for establishing continuous cell cultures from skin biopsies of free‐ranging whales. A method to collect and process these samples is presented. Six of seven skin biopsies from gray whales were established in cell culture. Our results suggest that the viability of the samples is improved by (1) sterile processing in the field, (2) minimizing the time between collection and delivery to the cell culture facility, (3) reducing the concentration of antifungal agent, and (4) placing tissue explants under a coverslip. While the results reported in this paper are based on a small sample size, we believe that if the procedures are followed, they will increase the probability of successfully culturing cetacean tissue. Established cell lines can supply replenishable material from identified whales still living in the wild. These cultures can then be used for determination of sex from karyotypes, and for assessing genetic relationships of cetaceans from inherited protein, chromosomal and DNA polymorphisms. These much needed analytical tools can be used to determine familial and populational relationships, leading to a better understanding of mating systems, stock identification and effective population sizes of wild cetaceans.
Low-dose dual-energy computed tomography for PET attenuation correction with statistical sinogram restoration (2008)

Dual-energy (DE) X-ray computed tomography (CT) has been proposed as an useful tool in various applications. One promising application is DECT with low radiation doses used for attenuation correction in positron emission tomography (PET). In low-dose DECT, conventional methods for sinogram decomposition have been based on logarithmic transformations and ignored noise properties, leading to very noisy component sinogram estimates. In this paper, we propose two novel sinogram restoration methods that are statistically motivated; penalized weighted least square (PWLS) and penalized likelihood (PL), producing less noisy component sinogram estimates for low-dose DECT than the conventional approaches. The restored component sinograms can improve attenuation correction, thus allowing better image quality in PET. Experiments with a digital phantom indicate that the proposed methods produce less noisy sinograms, reconstructed images, and attenuation correction factors (ACF) than the conventional one, showing promise for CT-based attenuation correction in emission tomography.
Nanoscale contacts between semiconducting nanowires and metallic graphenes (2012)

Here we report on the metal–semiconductor junction characteristics of a semiconducting ZnO nanowire grown directly on a metallic graphene film. The extracted specific contact resistivity of the graphene–ZnO nanowire contact (1.5 × 10−5 Ω·cm2) is comparable to that reported for Al–ZnO contacts. Based on the assumption that thermionic-field emission is the dominant mechanism, we obtained a zero-bias effective barrier height of 0.413 eV for the graphene–ZnO nanowire Schottky contact. We thus demonstrate that as a result of the enhanced tunneling at the contact, the graphene–nanowire contact exhibits near-ohmic current–voltage characteristics with a low contact resistance.
Early Bactericidal Activity and Pharmacokinetics of the Diarylquinoline TMC207 in Treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis (2008)

Tibotec Medicinal Compound 207 (TMC207) is a novel diarylquinoline with a unique mode of action that targets mycobacterial ATP synthase. TMC207 exhibits high in vitro activity against mycobacterial strains either susceptible or resistant to all first-line and many second-line drugs, including fluoroquinolones, and has shown exceptional in vivo activity against several mycobacterial species in different animal models. In this early bactericidal activity study, 75 treatment-naïve patients with smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis were randomized to once-daily oral TMC207 (25 mg, 100 mg, or 400 mg), 600 mg rifampin (RIF), or 300 mg isoniazid (INH) for 7 days. Sixteen-hour overnight sputum collected at baseline and on each treatment day was plated in serial dilutions on selective agar plates. The bactericidal activity was expressed as the log(10) decrease in CFU/ml sputum/day. Pharmacokinetic sampling was performed on day 7 of TMC207 administration up to 24 h postdose. The decreases in log(10) CFU counts (+/- standard deviation) from baseline to day 7 were 0.04 +/- 0.46 for 25 mg TMC207 (n = 14), 0.26 +/- 0.64 for 100 mg TMC207 (n = 14), 0.77 +/- 0.58 for 400 mg TMC207 (n = 14), 1.88 +/- 0.74 for INH (n = 11), and 1.70 +/- 0.71 for RIF (n = 14). Significant bactericidal activity of 400 mg TMC207 was observed from day 4 onward and was similar in magnitude to those of INH and RIF over the same period. The pharmacokinetics of TMC207 were linear across the dose range. In summary, TMC207 demonstrated bactericidal activity with a delayed onset and was well tolerated, and no study drug-related serious adverse events occurred.
Influence of Onion Cultivars and Their Microbial Colonizers on Resistance to Onion Maggot123 (1979)

In 3 different regions of New York, ‘Japanese Bunching,’ Allium fistulosum L., was less damaged by onion maggot, Hylemya antique (Meigen), than bulbing onion varieties, Allium cepa L.. Bulbing varieties were attacked to the same extent regardless of pungency or time of maturity. Onions were less damaged when transplanted than when direct-seeded in the field. Greenhouse studies suggested that the resistance of Japanese Bunching seedlings was due to nonpreference. Laboratory studies showed that selection of hosts for oviposition by onion maggot females may be governed by microbial activity on or near the plant.
Survey of Endosymbionts in the Diaphorina citri Metagenome and Assembly of a Wolbachia wDi Draft Genome (2012)

Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), the Asian citrus psyllid, is the insect vector of Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus, the causal agent of citrus greening disease. Sequencing of the D. citri metagenome has been initiated to gain better understanding of the biology of this organism and the potential roles of its bacterial endosymbionts. To corroborate candidate endosymbionts previously identified by rDNA amplification, raw reads from the D. citri metagenome sequence were mapped to reference genome sequences. Results of the read mapping provided the most support for Wolbachia and an enteric bacterium most similar to Salmonella. Wolbachia-derived reads were extracted using the complete genome sequences for four Wolbachia strains. Reads were assembled into a draft genome sequence, and the annotation assessed for the presence of features potentially involved in host interaction. Genome alignment with the complete sequences reveals membership of Wolbachia wDi in supergroup B, further supported by phylogenetic analysis of FtsZ. FtsZ and Wsp phylogenies additionally indicate that the Wolbachia strain in the Florida D. citri isolate falls into a sub-clade of supergroup B, distinct from Wolbachia present in Chinese D. citri isolates, supporting the hypothesis that the D. citri introduced into Florida did not originate from China.
ChemInform Abstract: Inhibition of Interleukin‐1β Converting Enzyme by N‐Acyl‐aspartyl Aryloxymethyl Ketones. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Simulating room impulse responses for spherical microphone arrays (2011)

A method is proposed for simulating the sound pressure signals on a spherical microphone array in a reverberant enclosure. The method employs spherical harmonic decomposition and takes into account scattering from a solid sphere. An analysis shows that the error in the decomposition can be made arbitrarily small given a sufficient number of spherical harmonics.
Abstract 9423: Virtual Reality (VR) Guided Telerobotic Cardiac Catheter Ablation is Feasible Over Low Bandwidth Network Connection (2021)

Introduction: Telerobotic operation in which a remote surgeon performs an operation over distance has long held the promise of providing a more equitable distribution of healthcare in rural and underserved regions of the world. One of the technological limitations that has hampered the adoption of telerobotic surgery is the need for a broadband connection to transmit high-resolution video of the operative field. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that we could develop a low-bandwidth system for telerobotic cardiac catheter ablation that deploys a virtual reality (VR)-based surgical guidance system to allow remote operation without the need for high-resolution video transmission. Methods: We assembled a portable pre-clinical telerobotic catheter ablation system from commercial-grade components by 3 rd party vendors. Raw sensor data from the catheter ablation system requiring a bitrate of less than 100kb/sec was streamed in real-time over distance using a standard internet connection. We used a proprietary service (DOPL Technologies, Seattle, WA) and an Oculus Quest (Oculus, Inc. Menlo Park, CA) to generate a shared, virtual operative field and operating room environment. No video data was transmitted. The Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the University of Washington (Seattle, WA) approved the study performed on a 14-week (27 kg) Yorkshire pig. The operator was located 6 miles from the OR at the time of the operation. Results: A successful proof of concept telerobotic cardiac catheter ablation in an animal model was performed without video transmission. The remote surgeon applied radiofrequency energy lesions in the animal’s cavotricuspid isthmus region. The visual depiction of the operative environment was successfully constructed in virtual reality from sensor data generated from the animal subject and surgical instruments. The remote operator conducted the ablation while interacting in a shared virtual OR environment with members of the surgical team present in the physical operating room and three remote observers. Conclusions: Telerobotic cardiac catheter ablation is feasible without video transmission. This approach could reduce network bandwidth requirements for telerobotic operations in rural areas.
Dimension Measurement Using Coordinate System (2014)

To measure the dimensions of an imaged object, a region of interest (ROI) is used to define the measurement location. This chapter explains the measurement of the dimension using Vision Assistant express. In most cases, the object under inspection may shift and/or rotate in the viewing field of the video image. If a static ROI does not incorporate the entire object under investigation, the dimension may not be measured. For this case, the ROI location will need to be shifted and rotated according to the objects location. To enable this dynamic ROI location, a reference coordinate system can be used to define the measurement area around the object relative to the reference location. To locate a reference coordinate system relative to the object, pattern matching or edge detection can be used. The ROI defined with respect to the reference coordinate system is then used to measure the dimension.