gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reply (2022)

We thank Dr. Panigrahi and colleagues for their comments on our paper. They referred to two review articles and inquired on the reasons for a differential effect between angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin‐receptor blockers on liver‐related outcomes in patients with NAFLD. During the period of the study, a number of angiotensin‐receptor blocker preparations were removed from the market because of possible contamination by carcinogens.[1] In addition, because of the price difference, most patients were initially on ACEIs, only to switch to angiotensin‐receptor blockers when they developed side effects such as coughing. It is therefore difficult to discern the independent effects of angiotensin‐receptor blockers. Data on liver histology or transient elastography were not available in this database. Among the 183 patients without cirrhosis at baseline, 162 had liver cancer, and 26 had cirrhotic complications during follow‐up. Compared with nonusers, patients without cirrhosis who used ACEIs had subdistribution HRs of 0.43 (95% CI 0.26–0.72) and 0.43 (95% CI 0.26–0.71) for liver cancer and cirrhotic complications, respectively. Dr. Panigrahi et al. also discussed the risk of angiotensin‐receptor blockers during pregnancy. Although we do not have information on pregnancy, please note that the mean baseline age of angiotensin‐receptor blocker users was 61.6 years (Table S3 of our paper), so it is unlikely that there were many pregnant women in this cohort. In any case, such interruption would have been transient. Finally, we agree with Dr. Panigrahi et al. that prospective studies, preferably randomized controlled trials, would provide definitive proof for the effect of ACEIs on liver‐related events. Nonetheless, because ACEIs have already become generic and it would take thousands of patients being followed for 5 to 10 years to demonstrate a difference in clinical events, we doubt if such a study will ever materialize. As for mechanistic work, a number of studies have already demonstrated an effect of ACEIs on liver fibrosis and hepatocarcinogenesis.[2,3] In such situations, sometimes the best evidence has to come from adequately powered retrospective studies with a sufficient duration of follow‐up. CONFLICT OF INTEREST Dr. Yip consults for and is on the speakers’ bureau for Gilead Sciences. Dr. V. Wong consults for and received grants from Gilead. He consults for AbbVie, Boehringer Ingelheim, Echosens, Intercept, Inventiva, Merck, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer, and ProSciento. He is the cofounder of Illumina Medical Technology Limited.
Process development to enable 3D IC multi-tier die bond for 20μM pitch and beyond (2014)

We demonstrate for the first time 3D multi-tier (N=4) 50μm thin die bonding for 3D IC technology using low bonding temperature and pressure for Cu TSVs bonded on Cu bumps with a cost effective structure. Die-to-die (D2D) thermal compression bonding (TCB) process with scrubbing is carefully studied in order to improve the bump height TTV and surface roughness. The bonding temperature and pressure can also be reduced significantly to below 220C and 100MPa. The standalone thin die warpage initially 15μm is reduced to 5.4μm by applying the optimized TCB process. The electrical characterizations show good daisy chain connections between each stacked chip and the resistances are very close to the theoretical values. The cross section SEM proofs good TSV alignment to Cu bump, and TSV nails deform and land nicely onto the Cu bump. Finally, we propose to move forward to die-to-wafer approach and migrate to 10μm bump pitch for advanced package application.
Distance-based paper analytical device for the determination of dissolved inorganic carbon concentration in freshwater (2023)

Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) levels in freshwaters play a key role in the equilibrium of the carbon cycle between the atmosphere, water and living beings. Standard classical methods for DIC determination generally involve bulky and expensive equipment used in centralized laboratories, resulting in time-consuming processes that do not allow for adequate monitoring in the field. In order to address this challenge, we have developed a distance-based paper analytical device (PAD) for on-site determination of DIC in water. The portable, cost-effective and easy-to-use device was based on the miniaturization and integration of a classical acid-base colorimetric titration on a paper channel, enabling an accurate determination of DIC in less than 20 min. The length of the blue colored line in the detection channel after being filled with the sample was related to the DIC concentration in the sample. The reagent solution used to modify the titration channel was optimized so that DIC concentrations in the range 50–1000 mg L−1 could be measured. The long-term stability of the paper-based device was also evaluated, demonstrating a working stability for more than 70 days after their fabrication, an important characteristic for in-the-field analysis. Finally, the PAD was validated with different water samples, i.e. tap water, commercial bottled drinking water and water samples from a mine, with excellent agreement between the results obtained from the PAD and the standard method. This demonstrates the high potential of the proposed paper analytical device to quantify DIC in situ by minimally-trained personnel without the need for peripheral equipment, which represents an important advance compared to the current limited analysis systems.
The infrared multiphoton excitation and photochemistry of DN3 (1983)

Multiphoton excitation and dissociation of DN3 by short CO2 laser pulses is shown to be a collisionless process. The characteristic features of this multiphoton process are systematically studied. The average number of photons absorbed per DN3 molecule and the absolute dissociation yield show a strong dependence on the peak laser intensity. Resonantly enhanced coherent multiphoton excitation, rather than stepwise incoherent excitation, is suggested. The primary dissociation products of DN3 are ND[1Δ] and N2. Formation of vibrationally excited ND[1Δ] intermediates is suggested. The reactions of ND[1Δ] with DN3 lead to chemiluminescent signals originating from the formation of electronically excited ND2[2A1] and ND[3Π]. Formation of the ND[3Π] intermediate is attributed to a reaction of ND[1Δ] and vibrationally excited DN*3 molecules: ND[1Δ]+DN*3→ND[3Π]+ND[3Σ−]+N2.
Arthroscopic Capsular Release for the Treatment of Refractory Postoperative or Post-Fracture Shoulder Stiffness (2001)

Arthroscopic capsular release was as effective for improving range of motion in patients with postoperative contracture of the shoulder as it was in patients with idiopathic and post-fracture contracture. However, there was less improvement in the subjective scores for pain, function, and patient satisfaction in the postoperative group.
Consideration for input current-ripple of pulse-link DC-AC converter for fuel cells (2008)

This paper mentions the static characteristics of pulse-link DC-AC converter for fuel cells, and considers the input current-ripple reduction method. Fuel cells have weakness about current-ripple because the chemical reaction time is much slower than commercial frequency. Therefore, the input current-ripple reduction is essential factor in the DC-AC converter for fuel cells applications. Input current-ripple from fuel cells gives damage the fuel consumption and life time. The conventional DC-AC converter has large smoothing capacitor between boost converter stage and PWM converter stage, in order to reduce input current-ripple. That capacitor prevents from reduction the size of unit. Authors have proposed a novel topology called as pulse-link DC-AC converter. The pulse-link DC-AC converter topology is no need to insert large capacitor. Furthermore, the series-connected LC circuit between two stages connected in parallel works as ripple canceling. This paper shows the mechanism of current-ripple reduction.
MR‐based field‐of‐view extension in MR/PET: B0 homogenization using gradient enhancement (HUGE) (2012)

In whole‐body MR/PET, the human attenuation correction can be based on the MR data. However, an MR‐based field‐of‐view (FoV) is limited due to physical restrictions such as B 0 inhomogeneities and gradient nonlinearities. Therefore, for large patients, the MR image and the attenuation map might be truncated and the attenuation correction might be biased. The aim of this work is to explore extending the MR FoV through B 0 homogenization using gradient enhancement in which an optimal readout gradient field is determined to locally compensate B 0 inhomogeneities and gradient nonlinearities. A spin‐echo‐based sequence was developed that computes an optimal gradient for certain regions of interest, for example, the patient's arms. A significant distortion reduction was achieved outside the normal MR‐based FoV. This FoV extension was achieved without any hardware modifications. In‐plane distortions in a transaxially extended FoV of up to 600 mm were analyzed in phantom studies. In vivo measurements of the patient's arms lying outside the normal specified FoV were compared with and without the use of B 0 homogenization using gradient enhancement. In summary, we designed a sequence that provides data for reducing the image distortions due to B 0 inhomogeneities and gradient nonlinearities and used the data to extend the MR FoV. Magn Reson Med, 70:1047–1057, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A raised bar for aneurysm surgery in the endovascular era (2017)

ABBREVIATIONS BRAT = Barrow Ruptured Aneurysm Trial; ICG = indocyanine green; ISAT = International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial.
VGX‐1027 modulates genes involved in lipopolysaccharide‐induced Toll‐like receptor 4 activation and in a murine model of systemic lupus erythematosus (2014)

VGX-1027 [(S,R)-3-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-5-isoxasole acetic acid] is a small molecule compound with immunomodulatory properties, which favourably influences the development of immuno-inflammatory and autoimmune diseases in different animal models such as type 1 diabetes mellitus, pleurisy, rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease. However, the precise mechanism of action of VGX-1027 remains to be ascertained. With this aim, we have studied the immunomodulatory effects of VGX-1027 in vitro, using a genome-wide oligonucleotide microarray approach, and in vivo, using the NZB/NZW F1 model of systemic lupus erythematosus. Microarray data revealed that the administration of VGX-1027 profoundly affected the immune response to exogenous antigens, by modulating the expression of genes that are primarily involved in antigen processing and presentation as well as genes that regulate immune activation. When administered in vivo VGX-1027 ameliorated the course of the disease in the NZB/NZW F1 mice, which correlated with higher per cent survival and improved clinical and histopathological signs. The data presented herein support the theory that VGX-1027 modulates immunity, probably by inhibiting inflammatory antigen presentation and so limiting immune cell expansion.
Dynamic Cache Reconfiguration Strategies for A Cluster-Based Streaming Proxy (2003)

Keywords: The high bandwidth and the relatively long-lived characteristics of digital video are key limiting factors in the wide-spread usage of streaming content over the Internet. The problem is further complicated by the fact that video popularity changes over time. In this paper, we study caching issues for a cluster-based streaming proxy in the face of changing video popularity. We show that the cache placement problem for a given video popularity is NP-complete, and propose the dynamic first fit (DFF) algorithm that give the results close to the optimal cache placement. We then propose minimum weight perfect matching(MWPM) and swapping-based techniques that can dynamically reconfigure the cache placement to adapt to changing video popularity with minimum copying overhead. Our simulation results show that MWPM reconfiguration can reduce the copying overhead by a factor of more than two, and that swappingbased reconfiguration can further reduce the copying overhead compared to MWPM, and allow for the tradeoffs between the reconfiguration copying overhead and the proxy bandwidth utilization. Streaming proxy, Cache reconfiguration, Cluster-based 1.
Alterations in wall shear stress predict sites of neointimal hyperplasia after stent implantation in rabbit iliac arteries (2005)

Restenosis resulting from neointimal hyperplasia (NH) limits the effectiveness of intravascular stents. Rates of restenosis vary with stent geometry, but whether stents affect spatial and temporal distributions of wall shear stress (WSS) in vivo is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that alterations in spatial WSS after stent implantation predict sites of NH in rabbit iliac arteries. Antegrade iliac artery stent implantation was performed under angiography, and blood flow was measured before casting 14 or 21 days after implantation. Iliac artery blood flow domains were obtained from three-dimensional microfocal X-ray computed tomography imaging and reconstruction of the arterial casts. Indexes of WSS were determined using three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics. Vascular histology was unchanged proximal and distal to the stent. Time-dependent NH was localized within the stented region and was greatest in regions exposed to low WSS and acute elevations in spatial WSS gradients. The lowest values of WSS spatially localized to the stented area of a theoretical artery progressively increased after 14 and 21 days as NH occurred within these regions. This NH abolished spatial disparity in distributions of WSS. The results suggest that stents may introduce spatial alterations in WSS that modulate NH in vivo.
Design and Implementation of IIR Filters (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Design of IIR Filters Realization of IIR Filters Design of IIR Filters Using MATLAB Implementation Considerations Practical Applications Experiments and Program Examples References Exercises
Integrated solid-state rapid thermo-cycling system (2023)

Techniques, systems, and devices are disclosed for implementing a portable lab system for PCR testing. The portable lab system comprises a thermal cycling device including a first well and a second well to receive samples to be thermally cycled, a thermoelectric cooling (TEC) element coupled to the first well and the second well, and a controller to control operation of the TEC element. The portable lab system further includes an electronic interface including a power interface to supply power to the TEC element and the controller of the thermal cycling device to allow the TEC element to transfer energy from the first well to the second well when current flows through the TEC element in a first direction, and from the second well to the first well when current flows through the TEC element in a second direction, and a data interface to collect data from the controller.
Feedback Mechanisms Including Real-Time Electronic Alerts to Achieve Near 100% Timely Prophylactic Antibiotic Administration in Surgical Cases (2010)

Installation of AIMS itself did not improve antibiotic compliance over that achieved with paper anesthesia records. However, real-time guidance and reminders through electronic messages generated by a computerized decision support system (Smart Anesthesia Messenger, or SAM) significantly improved compliance. With such a system a consistent compliance of >99% was achieved.
Behavioural and molecular endophenotypes in psychotic disorders reveal heritable abnormalities in glutamatergic neurotransmission (2015)

Psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia are biologically complex and carry huge population morbidity due to their prevalence, persistence and associated disability. Defined by features such as delusions and hallucinations, they involve cognitive dysfunction and neurotransmitter dysregulations that appear mostly to involve the dopaminergic and glutamatergic systems. A number of genetic and environmental factors are associated with these disorders but it has been difficult to identify the biological pathways underlying the principal symptoms. The endophenotype concept of stable, heritable traits that form a mechanistic link between genes and an overt expression of the disorder has potential to reduce the complexity of psychiatric phenotypes. In this study, we used a genetically sensitive design with individuals with a first episode of psychosis, their non-affected first-degree relatives and non-related healthy controls. Metabolomic analysis was combined with neurocognitive assessment to identify multilevel endophenotypic patterns: one concerned reaction times during the performance of cognitive and emotional tests that have previously been associated with the glutamate neurotransmission system, the other involved metabolites involved directly and indirectly in the co-activation of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, a major receptor of the glutamate system. These cognitive and metabolic endophenotypes may comprise a single construct, such that genetically mediated dysfunction in the glutamate system may be responsible for delays in response to cognitive and emotional functions in psychotic disorders. This focus on glutamatergic neurotransmission should guide drug discovery and experimental medicine programmes in schizophrenia and related disorders.
Coupled electrokinetic and biological remediation method leads to improved treatment of chlorinated solvents at high sulfate, transport limited sites (2020)

The combined biotic and abiotic mechanisms of EK-Bio can result in improved remediation of TCE over traditional bioaugmentation methods.
An Attempt of CUDA Implementation of PCA-SIFT(Internationa Session 6) (2007)

Huntington's Disease (HD) has been described as one example of a "subcortical" dementia, characterized by slowed cognitive processing and impairment of memory. We examined the relationship between slowed cognitive processing and memory impairment as a function of disease progression in patients with HD. Results from three experiments suggest that in the early stages of HD there is slowed cognition with intact memory acquisition and retrieval processes. In later stages, cognition is further slowed and specific impairments of memory become evident. Thus, memory impairment in HD would appear to change qualitatively with progression of the disease.
Inhibition of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory and Oxidative Responses by Trans-cinnamaldehyde in C2C12 Myoblasts (2021)

<b>Background:</b> <i>Trans</i>-cinnamaldehyde (tCA), a bioactive component found in <i>Cinnamomum cassia</i>, has been reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, but its efficacy in muscle cells has yet to be found. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of tCA on inflammatory and oxidative stress induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in C2C12 mouse skeletal myoblasts. <b>Methods:</b> To investigate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of tCA in LPS-treated C2C12 cells, we measured the levels of pro-inflammatory mediator, cytokines, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). To elucidate the mechanism underlying the effect of tCA, the expression of genes involved in the expression of inflammatory and oxidative regulators was also investigated. We further evaluated the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant efficacy of tCA against LPS in the zebrafish model. <b>Results:</b> tCA significantly inhibited the LPS-induced release of pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines, which was associated with decreased expression of their regulatory genes. tCA also suppressed the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and myeloid differentiation factor, and attenuated the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and the binding of LPS to TLR4 on the cell surface in LPS-treated C2C12 cells. Furthermore, tCA abolished LPS-induced generation of ROS and expression levels of ROS producing enzymes, NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX1) and NOX2. However, tCA enhanced the activation of nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in LPS-stimulated C2C12 myoblasts. In addition, tCA showed strong protective effects against NO and ROS production in LPS-injected zebrafish larvae. <b>Conclusions:</b> Our findings suggest that tCA exerts its inhibitory ability against LPS-induced inflammatory and antioxidant stress in C2C12 myoblasts by targeting the TLR4/NF-κB, which might be mediated by the NOXs and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways.
Localization with sparse acoustic sensor network using UAVs as information-seeking data mules (2013)

We propose and demonstrate a novel architecture for on-the-fly inference while collecting data from sparse sensor networks. In particular, we consider source localization using acoustic sensors dispersed over a large area, with the individual sensors located too far apart for direct connectivity. An Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is employed for collecting sensor data, with the UAV route adaptively adjusted based on data from sensors already visited, in order to minimize the time to localize events of interest. The UAV therefore acts as a information-seeking data mule, not only providing connectivity, but also making Bayesian inferences from the data gathered in order to guide its future actions. The system we demonstrate has a modular architecture, comprising efficient algorithms for acoustic signal processing, routing the UAV to the sensors, and source localization. We report on extensive field tests which not only demonstrate the effectiveness of our general approach, but also yield specific practical insights into GPS time synchronization and localization accuracy, acoustic signal and channel characteristics, and the effects of environmental phenomena.
Body-centric interaction techniques for very large wall displays (2010)

We examine the design space of interaction techniques for very large wall displays by drawing from existing theory and practice for reality-based interfaces and whole-body interfaces. We also apply insights drawn from research in psychology about the human cognitive mechanisms that support sensorimotor operations in different coordinate spaces, as well as research in sociology examining how people manage coordination and privacy concerns in these spaces. Using guidelines obtained from these analyses, we designed and implemented a novel suite of body-centric interaction techniques. These were integrated into a map browsing and editing application for a very large (5m×3m) wall display. The application was then used to gather user feedback to guide the further development of the interaction techniques.
Defining Inflammatory Cell States in Rheumatoid Arthritis Joint Synovial Tissues by Integrating Single-cell Transcriptomics and Mass Cytometry (2018)

Abstract To define the cell populations in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) driving joint inflammation, we applied single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq), mass cytometry, bulk RNA-seq, and flow cytometry to sorted T cells, B cells, monocytes, and fibroblasts from 51 synovial tissue RA and osteoarthritis (OA) patient samples. Utilizing an integrated computational strategy based on canonical correlation analysis to 5,452 scRNA-seq profiles, we identified 18 unique cell populations. Combining mass cytometry and transcriptomics together revealed cell states expanded in RA synovia: THY1 + HLA high sublining fibroblasts (OR=33.8), IL1B + pro-inflammatory monocytes (OR=7.8), CD11c + T-bet + autoimmune-associated B cells (OR=5.7), and PD-1 + Tph/Tfh (OR=3.0). We also defined CD8 + T cell subsets characterized by GZMK + , GZMB + , and GNLY + expression. Using bulk and single-cell data, we mapped inflammatory mediators to source cell populations, for example attributing IL6 production to THY1 + HLA high fibroblasts and naïve B cells, and IL1B to pro-inflammatory monocytes. These populations are potentially key mediators of RA pathogenesis.