gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Study on Object Recognition for Safe Operation of Hospital Logistics Robot Based on IoT (2017)

최근 지속적으로 발생하고 있는 메르스와 같은 신종 감염병은 초기발견, 격리, 위기대응 등 많은 대응책을 필요로하고 있으며 아울러 일반인의 문병과 간호 간병 통합서비스 시행 등 병원의 문화가 바뀌는 추세이다. 그러나 병원에서 근무하는 의료인의 자격조건, 규정 등이 까다로와지면서 해외에서는 린넨, 폐기물, 수액 이동 등 로봇으로 가능한 부분은 대체하는 추세이다. 본 연구에서는 병원 내에서 발생하는 각종 물품의 배송 업무를 수행할 수 있는 IoT 기반의 병원 물류 로봇으로 다양한 종류의 물건을 원하는 위치까지 안전하게 이동 할 수 있는 기술에 대하여 연구하였다. 병원 내 로봇의 이동은 사람 또는 사물간 충돌을 발생 시킬 수 있기 때문에 충돌을 최소화 해야 한다. 충돌을 최소화하기 위해서는 로봇의 이동 경로에 사물의 유무를 판단하고 사물이 있다면 이동하는 것인지 아닌지를 인지해야 한다. 그래서 얼굴/전신정보 검출과 3D Vision 영상분할 기술을 이용하여 장애물의 상황 정보를 생성하였다. 생성 된 정보를 활용하여 로봇 이동 범위 내 사물과 사람을 고려한 맵을 생성하여 로봇이 안전하고 효율적으로 운행 될 수 있도록 하였다. New infectious diseases such as MERS have been in need of many measures such as initial discovery, isolation, and crisis response. In addition, the culture of hospitals is changing, such as the general public 's visiting and Nursing Care Integration Services. However, as the qualifications and regulations of medical personnel in hospitals become rigid, overseas such as linens, wastes movements are replacing possible works with robots. we have developed a hospital logistics robot that can carry out various goods delivery within a hospital, and can move various kinds of objects safely to a desired location. In this thesis, we have studied a hospital logistics robot that can carry out various kinds of goods delivery within the hospital, and can move various kinds of objects such as waste, and linen safely to a desired location. The movement of a robot in a hospital may cause a collision between a person and an object, so that the collision must be prevented. In order to prevent collision, it is necessary to recognize whether or not an object exists in the movement path of the robot. And if there is an object, it should recognize whether it moves or not. In order to recognize human beings and objects, we recognize the person with face/body recognition technology and generate the context awareness of the object using 3D Vision image segmentation technology. We use the generated information to create a map that considers objects and person in the robot moving range. Thus, the robot can be operated safely and efficiently.
Center Feature Fusion: Selective Multi-Sensor Fusion of Center-based Objects (2023)

Leveraging multi-modal fusion, especially between camera and LiDAR, has become essential for building accurate and robust 3D object detection systems for autonomous vehicles. Until recently, point decorating approaches, in which point clouds are augmented with camera features, have been the dominant approach in the field. However, these approaches fail to utilize the higher resolution images from cameras. Recent works projecting camera features to the bird's-eye-view (BEV) space for fusion have also been proposed, however they require projecting millions of pixels, most of which only contain background information. In this work, we propose a novel approach Center Feature Fusion (CFF), in which we leverage center-based detection networks in both the camera and LiDAR streams to identify relevant object locations. We then use the center-based detection to identify the locations of pixel features relevant to object locations, a small fraction of the total number in the image. These are then projected and fused in the BEV frame. On the nuScenes dataset, we outperform the LiDAR-only baseline by 4.9% mAP while fusing up to 100x fewer features than other fusion methods.
Kernel-Based Structural Equation Models for Topology Identification of Directed Networks (2017)

Structural equation models (SEMs) have been widely adopted for inference of causal interactions in complex networks. Recent examples include unveiling topologies of hidden causal networks over which processes, such as spreading diseases, or rumors propagate. The appeal of SEMs in these settings stems from their simplicity and tractability, since they typically assume linear dependencies among observable variables. Acknowledging the limitations inherent to adopting linear models, the present paper put forth nonlinear SEMs, which account for (possible) nonlinear dependencies among network nodes. The advocated approach leverages kernels as a powerful encompassing framework for nonlinear modeling, and an efficient estimator with affordable tradeoffs is put forth. Interestingly, pursuit of the novel kernel-based approach yields a convex regularized estimator that promotes edge sparsity, a property exhibited by most real world networks, and the resulting optimization problem is amenable to proximal-splitting optimization methods. To this end, solvers with complementary merits are developed by leveraging the alternating direction method of multipliers, and proximal gradient iterations. Experiments conducted on simulated data demonstrate that the novel approach outperforms linear SEMs with respect to edge detection errors. Furthermore, tests on a real gene expression dataset unveil interesting new edges that were not revealed by linear SEMs, which could shed more light on regulatory behavior of human genes.
Introduction to the Real Frequency Technique (2016)

The real frequency technique (RFT) is an optimum solution to broadband amplifier equalization problems. This chapter provides a complete description of the RFT for the case of multistage microwave amplifier design for the simultaneous optimization of transducer gain and voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR). The simple formalism of the RFT allows optimizing many performance parameters of single- or multistage microwave amplifiers. There exist many optimization routines but one that was found to work well in the case of microwave amplifier design is to use a single-valued error function based on a sum of squares and an optimization algorithm based on a Levenberg-Marquardt-More technique for solving least-squares problems. At low frequencies, microwave GaAs MESFETs are unstable and are virtually impossible to match over large bandwidths. It is thus necessary to use either a lossy matching or RL feedback technique to reduce terminal impedances and stabilize the transistor.
Analysis of Use Cases and Gaps in Technology for I2NSF (2015)

This document provides a summary of the I2NSF use cases plus a summary
of the stat of the art in industries and IETF work which is relevant
to the Interface to Network Security Function (I2NSF). The I2NSF focus
is to define data models and interfaces in order to control and
monitor the physical and virtual aspects of network security
functions. The use cases are organized in two basic scenarios. In the
access network scenario, mobile and residential users access NSF
capabilities using their network service provider infrastructure. In
the data center scenario customers manage NSFs hosted in the data
center infrastructure.
Donepezil augmentation of clozapine monotherapy in schizophrenia patients: a double blind cross‐over study (2004)

Increasing evidence suggests that the cholinergic system is involved in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Donepezil, a central cholinesterase inhibitor, improves psychotic symptomatology in demented patients, however, evidence for its role in the management of active psychosis in schizophrenia remains limited. An 18-week double blind cross-over study was conducted in which eight patients were randomly assigned to either donepezil (5 mg/day for the first 4 weeks and 10 mg/day for the following 4 weeks) or placebo as augmentation treatment to clozapine. After this initial phase, there was a 2-week washout period of the study medication after which the same regimen was crossed over at the same dose and for the same period (8 weeks). No significant difference was noted in the total positive and negative symptom scale scores when donepezil was compared with placebo (16.7%+12.97% vs 3.20%+13.94% respectively, p = 0.18). However, three patients improved (>15%) in the total PANSS scores (37.03%, 16.6% and 25.33%) during the donepezil treatment phase, while only one patient improved (20.87%) during the placebo phase. No differences were noted in the Calgary depression scale (p = 0.305), Simpson Angus scale (p = 0.374), clinical global impression-improvement scale (p = 0.23) and clinical global impression-severity of illness scores (p = 0.116). Although this preliminary study failed to demonstrate a clear effect of donepezil augmentation in clozapine treated chronic schizophrenia patients, it seems that the subtle positive effect of donepezil observed in some of our patients should encourage further investigation in a larger sample of this patient subpopulation.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel 5‐Vinyl Pyrimidine Nucleosides with Potent anti‐Hepatitis B Virus Activity. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Bioelectromagnetic Uncertainty Analysis Using Geometrically Stochastic FDFD Method (2020)

In this work, a novel frequency-domain stochastic numerical method named the geometrically stochastic finite-difference frequency domain (GS-FDFD) is proposed to study the variation in electromagnetic fields caused by random geometric changes in the model. The delta method approximation is employed to extract the 1-D and 2-D GS-FDFD equations. Two bioelectromagnetic examples are studied. First, a 1-D multilayered body tissue with size variation is analyzed to calculate electromagnetic field variations. Second, the influence of size variation in a 2-D slice of an anatomical head model on specific absorption rate (SAR) is investigated. In both examples, the GS-FDFD results compare well with the benchmark Monte Carlo results.
PEG–lipid micelles as drug carriers: physiochemical attributes, formulation principles and biological implication (2014)

PEG-lipid micelles, primarily conjugates of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and distearyl phosphatidylethanolamine (DSPE) or PEG-DSPE, have emerged as promising drug-delivery carriers to address the shortcomings associated with new molecular entities with suboptimal biopharmaceutical attributes. The flexibility in PEG-DSPE design coupled with the simplicity of physical drug entrapment have distinguished PEG-lipid micelles as versatile and effective drug carriers for cancer therapy. They were shown to overcome several limitations of poorly soluble drugs such as non-specific biodistribution and targeting, lack of water solubility and poor oral bioavailability. Therefore, considerable efforts have been made to exploit the full potential of these delivery systems; to entrap poorly soluble drugs and target pathological sites both passively through the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect and actively by linking the terminal PEG groups with targeting ligands, which were shown to increase delivery efficiency and tissue specificity. This article reviews the current state of PEG-lipid micelles as delivery carriers for poorly soluble drugs, their biological implications and recent developments in exploring their active targeting potential. In addition, this review sheds light on the physical properties of PEG-lipid micelles and their relevance to the inherent advantages and applications of PEG-lipid micelles for drug delivery.
Three-dimensional ex vivo imaging and analysis of intraportal islet transplants (2011)

In clinical islet transplantation, because the long-term insulin-independence rate is still poor, a method for detailed analysis of the transplanted islets in the liver after transplantation is required. We have established a novel imaging technique suitable for analysis of transplanted islets in liver using an optical projection tomography (OPT) method. A three-dimensional tomographic image of the transplanted islets in liver was reconstructed. The number of islets transplanted and the number of transplanted islets observed using OPT showed good correlation. The OPT method was used to compare the numbers of transplanted islets in mouse syngeneic and allogeneic transplantation models. Blood glucose concentrations of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice transplanted with syngeneic islets remained normoglycemic and the number of transplanted islets was largely preserved 11 days after transplantation. In mice transplanted with allogeneic islets, hyperglycemia recurred from 7 days after transplantation and the number and the volume of transplanted islets was significantly reduced 11 days after transplantation. These results indicate that OPT imaging and analysis may be a useful tool to quantitatively and sterically evaluation of transplanted islets in liver at the cellular level.
Synthesis of a Large, Shape-Flexible, Solvatomorphic Porous Organic Cage (2019)

Porous organic cages have emerged over the last 10 years as a subclass of functional microporous materials. However, among all of the organic cages reported, large multicomponent organic cages with 20 components or more are still rare. Here, we present an [8 + 12] porous organic imine cage, <b>CC20</b>, which has an apparent surface area up to 1752 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>-1</sup>, depending on the crystallization and activation conditions. The cage is solvatomorphic and displays distinct geometrical cage structures, caused by crystal-packing effects, in its crystal structures. This indicates that larger cages can display a certain range of shape flexibility in the solid state, while remaining shape persistent and porous.
Rational Design of Inverted Nanopencil Arrays for Cost-Effective, Broadband and Omnidirectional Light Harvesting (2014)

Due to the unique optical properties, three dimensional arrays of silicon nanostructures have attracted increasing attention as the efficient photon harvesters for various technological applications. In this work, instead of dry etching, we have utilized our newly developed wet anisotropic etching to fabricate silicon nanostructured arrays with different well-controlled geometrical morphologies, ranging from nanopillars, nanorods, inverted nanopencils to nanocones, followed by the systematic investigations of their photon capturing properties combining experiments and simulations. It is revealed that optical properties of these nano-arrays are predominantly dictated by their geometrical factors including the structural pitch, material filling ratio and aspect ratio. Surprisingly, along with the proper geometrical design, the inverted nanopencil arrays can couple incident photons into optical modes in the pencil base efficiently in order to achieve excellent broadband and omnidirectional light harvesting performances even with the substrate thickness down to 10 µm, which are comparable to the costly and technically difficult achievable nanocone counterparts. Notably, the fabricated nanopencils with both 800 and 380 nm base diameters can suppress the optical reflection well below 5 % over a broad wavelength of 400 to 1000 nm and a wide angle of incidence between 0° and 60°. All these findings not only offer additional insight into the light trapping mechanism in these complex 3D nanophotonic structures, but also provide efficient broadband and omnidirectional photon harvesters for the next-generation cost-effective ultra-thin nanostructured photovoltaics.
Connectivity, clusters, and transport: use of percolation concepts and atomistic simulation to track intracellular ion migration (2004)

The cytoskeleton is an intracellular highway system, teaming with signalling ions that zip from site to site along filaments. These tiny particles alternately embrace and slip free of protein receptors with wide-ranging affinities, as they propagate in a blur of motion along cytoskeletal corridors at transport rates far exceeding ordinary diffusive motion. Recent experimental breakthroughs have enabled optical tracking of these single ion-binding events in the physiological and diseased states. However, traditional continuum modelling methods have proven ineffective for modelling migration of biometals such as copper and zinc, whose cytosolic concentrations are putatively vanishingly small, or very tightly controlled. Rather, the key modelling problem that must be solved for biometals is determination of the optimal placement of biosensors that bind and detect the metal ions within the heterogeneous environment of the cell. We discuss herein how percolation concepts, in combination with atomistic simulation and sensor delivery models, have been used to gain insights on this problem, and a roadmap for future breakthroughs.
A 2D Semiquinone Radical-Containing Microporous Magnet with Solvent-Induced Switching from Tc = 26 to 80 K (2015)

The incorporation of tetraoxolene radical bridging ligands into a microporous magnetic solid is demonstrated. Metalation of the redox-active bridging ligand 2,5-dichloro-3,6-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone (LH2) with Fe(II) affords the solid (Me2NH2)2[Fe2L3]·2H2O·6DMF. Analysis of X-ray diffraction, Raman spectra, and Mössbauer spectra confirm the presence of Fe(III) centers with mixed-valence ligands of the form (L3)(8-) that result from a spontaneous electron transfer from Fe(II) to L(2-). Upon removal of DMF and H2O solvent molecules, the compound undergoes a slight structural distortion to give the desolvated phase (Me2NH2)2[Fe2L3], and a fit to N2 adsorption data of this activated compound gives a BET surface area of 885(105) m(2)/g. Dc magnetic susceptibility measurements reveal a spontaneous magnetization below 80 and 26 K for the solvated and the activated solids, respectively, with magnetic hysteresis up to 60 and 20 K. These results highlight the ability of redox-active tetraoxolene ligands to support the formation of a microporous magnet and provide the first example of a structurally characterized extended solid that contains tetraoxolene radical ligands.
Controlled spontaneous-emission phenomena in semiconductor slabs with a two-dimensional photonic bandgap (2006)

We discuss spontaneous-emission phenomena in semiconductor slabs with a two-dimensional photonic bandgap. Calculations predict that the spontaneous emission coupled to the slab modes, which is strongly confined within the slab plane, is inhibited. Simultaneously, the saved energy is redistributed to the spontaneous emission that is coupled to the vertical emission modes. Control of the spontaneous emission is experimentally demonstrated by measuring time-resolved photoluminescence spectra from GaInAsP quantum-well samples. The suppression of non-radiative processes is achieved by the introduction of InAs quantum dots, which can confine carriers in three dimensions. This method allows control of the spontaneous emission to a degree close to the theoretical limit calculated by the finite-difference time-domain method. Our results demonstrate the realization of an ideal two-dimensional photonic-bandgap environment, and open up possibilities for various applications of photonic crystals using spontaneous-emission phenomena.
Pupillary shapes in response to electrical stimulation of the sclera of peripheral cornea in cats and porcines (2015)

Purpose: We have reported that the changes in the pupillary shape in response to electrical stimulation of the branches of the ciliary nerves in cats. (Miyagawa et al. PLoS One, 2014). This study investigates the changes in the pupillary shapes in response to electrical stimulations of the sclera of peripheral cornea in cats and porcines. Methods: Two enucleated eyes of two cats and three enucleated porcine eyes were studied. Trains of biphasic pulses (current, 3 mA; duration, 2 ms/phase; frequency, 40 Hz) were applied using a tungsten electrode (0.3mm diameter). The stimulation was performed at every 45 degree over the entire circular region on the sclera near the cornea. The pupillary images were recorded before and 4 s (cat) and 10 s (pig) after the stimulation and the change in the pupil diameter (Δr) was quantified. The pupillary images were obtained with a custom-built compact wavefront aberrometer (Uday et al. J Cataract Refract Surg, 2013). Results: In a cat eye, the pupil was dilated by the electrical stimulation at six out of eight orientations (before stimulation pupil diameter r=10.10±0.49 mm, Δr=0.33±0.12 mm). The pupil dilated only toward the electrode (relative eccentricity of the pupil center to the pupil diameter change amount rdec=1.15±0.28). In the porcine eyes, the pupils were constricted by the electrical stimulations at the temporal and nasal orientations (r=10.04±0.57 mm, Δr=1.52±0.70 mm). The pupils contracted symmetrically (rdec=0.30±0.12). Conclusions: With electrical stimulation in the sclera of the peripheral cornea, asymmetric mydriasis in cat eyes and symmetrical miosis in porcine eyes were observed. Under the assumption that the electrical stimulation stimulated both muscles that contribute to the pupil control, our hypothesis proposed here is that the pupil dilator is stronger than the pupil sphincter in cat, and pupil sphincter is stronger than pupil dilator in porcine.
Process Modeling for Fused Deposition of Ceramics (2008)

Fused Deposition of Ceramics (FDC) is a novel ceramics manufacturing process for the production of complex geometry parts. Computational thermal models have been developed to gain understanding and predictive ability for FDC, due to the fundamental role played by heat transfer in all manufacturing steps. The numerical model developed has been used to investigate the mechanisms of bonding deficiency generation, for different process parameters.
Diffusion in realistic biophysical systems can lead to aliasing effects in diffusion spectrum imaging (2015)

In this study, we identified an important limitation of current DSI implementations, specifically the presence of aliasing due to fast diffusion components like those from pathological tissues, which are not well characterized, and can lead to artifactual fiber reconstructions. To minimize this issue, a new way of computing the ODF was introduced, which removes most of these artifacts and offers improved angular resolution. Magn Reson Med 76:1837-1847, 2016. © 2015 The Authors Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
In Vitro Killing of Spores and Hyphae of Aspergillus fumigatus and Rhizopus oryzae by Rabbit Neutrophil Cationic Peptides and Bronchoalveolar Macrophages (1986)

The fungicidal activity of six rabbit neutrophil cationic peptides (NP) against resting (dormant) spores, preincubated (swollen) spores, and hyphae of Aspergillus fumigatus and Rhizopus oryzae was examined. Whereas resting spores of both fungi were totally resistant to killing by up to 500 micrograms of NP/ml, preincubated spores and hyphae were sensitive, under optimal conditions, to less than 1 microgram /ml. NP-1 and NP-2, also found in rabbit bronchoalveolar macrophages, were the most active of the peptides. Activity was inhibited with increasing ionic strength, calcium but not magnesium, incubation at 4 C, and the chitin fragments chitobiose and chitotriose. 125I-labeled NP-1 bound to all three forms of A. fumigatus. Finally, killing of A. fumigatus conidia by rabbit bronchoalveolar macrophages was faster and greater if the conidia were first preincubated in RPMI 1640 medium. Thus, although NP did not kill the resting A. fumigatus conidia, a role for cationic peptides in macrophage-mediated killing is not precluded, as fungicidal activity of both isolated cationic peptides and intact bronchoalveolar macrophages appeared to occur only after the conidia became activated.