gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Single-Pixel Thermopile Infrared Sensing for People Counting (2020)

People-counting data can be used in building-control systems to improve comfort and in space management applications to optimize building space. In this work, we consider a combi-sensor with a single-pixel thermopile and passive infrared sensor for people counting. We first develop a thermopile signal model for object temperature measurements under multiple people occupancy. We then propose a people counting method based on: cumulative sum (CUSUM) change detection in the object temperature signal, forming a people count estimate using likelihoods of differential mean temperature in detected changes, and decision fusion with an infrared vacancy sensor. The proposed method is evaluated with data generated using the developed signal model as well as experimental data from a cell office/meeting room environment. We obtain an average counting error of 0.11 and 0.19 for 90% of the instants respectively when considering 15 minute windows for simulated and experimental datasets.
Focus Spot Reduction by Brush Scrubber Cleaning (2014)

of preventive backside cleaning steps. These cleaning steps can be introduced after processes that generated high backside defect counts or right before a lithographic wafer exposure. In this study that was performed at imec’s 300mm cleanroom facility, the study objective was to evaluate the focus spot reduction performance of a stand-alone scrubber in a case study featuring known focus spot generating equipment sets. . In the first part of the study, monitoring of various production tools in terms of backside cross-contamination was done. A set of equipment’s that generated high backside defect counts was selected for generating adequate backside contaminated test material for the cleaning evaluation. This backside contaminated test material was used in our cleaning experiments and evaluation of focus spot reduction by performing leveling tests on an immersion scanner that was able to measure out of plane deviations.
Laser speckle‐based retinal imager as a potential screening tool for mild cognitive impairment (2021)

Abstract Background As the overall population's life expectancy rises, so does the prevalence of age‐related cognitive impairment (CI). Recent evidence has shown that cognitive impairment (CI) is not limited to the brain and affects the retina. In this study, we characterized dynamic retinal blood flow (RBF) patterns using the XyCAM RI (Vasoptic Medical, Inc.), a non‐invasive, laser speckle‐based retinal imager, in cognitively normal subjects (CN), patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM) including those with diabetic retinopathy (DR). Method A total of thirty‐four individuals (68 eyes) were imaged using the XyCAM RI. Normal cognitive function was determined using neuropsychological tests. High frame‐rate (82 Hz) RBF data was acquired over six seconds from each eye. As described and defined in Fig. 1, various dynamic RBF metrics were computed from the shape of the temporal waveform of blood flow velocity indices (BFVi) averaged within multiple arterial and venous segments intersecting a circular track around the optic disc. One‐way ANOVA was used to compare group means (p&lt;0.05). Results Dynamic RBF metrics were computed using BFVi data from arterial and venous segments of 8 CN, 12 DM, 5DR, and 9 MCI eyes for comparison. Statistical comparisons (Table 1) confirmed significant differences between Dip BFVi in MCI vessels and CN/DR vessels but not DM vessels suggesting similar reduced RBF in both MCI and DM vessels. Compared with the Dip BFVi, no group‐wise differences were observed in Peak BFVi and Mean BFVi, suggesting the usefulness of assessing temporally‐resolved RBF data. A significantly higher arterial VRI (p &lt; 0.002) and smaller venous VFI in MCI subjects demonstrated increased contractility compared to CN and DM subjects. The ANOVA test confirmed a statistically significant difference in the VFI of MCI subjects from each of the CN/DM/DR groups. Conclusion Individuals with MCI have different RBF characteristics compared to CN and DM subjects. These results may be related to systemic changes in arterial stiffness and increased blood pressure, which have been correlated with a decline in cognition. Non‐invasive dynamic RBF metrics using the XyCAM RI should be further investigated as potential biomarkers for classifying individuals with MCI.
Aortic Root Compliance Influences Hemolysis in Mechanical Heart Valve Prostheses: An In-Vitro Study (2012)

Mechanical heart valve prostheses are known to activate coagulation and cause hemolysis. Both are particularly dependent on the leaflet dynamics, which in turn depends on the flow field in the aortic root influenced by the aortic root geometry and its compliance. Compliance reduction of large vessels occurs in aging patients, both in those who have atherosclerotic diseases and those who do not. In this study we investigated the correlation between hemolysis and the compliance of the proximal aorta in a novel, pulsatile in vitro blood tester using porcine blood. Two mechanical heart valves, the St Jude Medical (SJM) bileaflet valve and a trileaflet valve prototype (Triflo) were tested for hemolysis under physiological conditions (120/80 mm Hg, 4.5 l/min, 70 bpm) and using two different tester setups: with a stiff aorta and with a compliant aorta. Valve dynamics were subsequently analyzed via high-speed videos. In the tests with the Triflo valve, the free plasma hemoglobin increased by 13.4 mg/dl for the flexible and by 19.3 mg/dl for the stiff setup during the 3-hour test. The FFT spectra and closing speed showed slight differences for both setups. Free plasma hemoglobin for the SJM valve was up by 22.2 mg/dl in the flexible and 42.7 mg/dl in the stiff setup. Cavitation induced by the higher closing speed might be responsible for this, which is also indicated by the sound spectrum elevation above 16 kHz.
Are morbidity and mortality of elderly patients having cystectomies predictable? (2011)

s and Programme: EUROANAESTHESIA 2011: The European Anaesthesiology Congress: Perioperative Care of the Elderly
Solution and solid‐state structure of the diketopiperazine of tyrosyl‐tetrahydroisoquinoline‐3‐carboxylic acid (1995)

delta-Selective antagonism of [L-Tic2]-peptides, including the simple dipeptide Tyr-L-Tic-NH2, is linked to the Tyr-Tic-"recognition site". In order to gain further information on the conformational preferences of the Tyr-Tic-moiety we have undertaken a structural study of a cyclic analog, the diketopiperazine of Tyr-Tic. A conformational study of cyclo[-Tyr-Tic-], that is almost devoid of opioid activity, can also be useful to discriminate between the role of the two aromatic rings and of the basic nitrogen in determining antagonism. The structure of cyclo[-Tyr-Tic-] has been solved in a DMSO/water solution at 278 K by NMR spectroscopy and in the solid state by X-ray diffraction methods. The two informations are almost identical, with an arrangement of the aromatic rings rather different from that of the putative bioactive conformation of the parent linear dipeptide. This difference points to the importance of conformational effects and is in agreement with the hypothesis that the positive center may be not essential for antagonism.
The Crystal Structure of Octyl-D-gluconate: A Mesogenic Structure with Monolayer Head-to-Tail Molecular Packing (1985)

Abstract Octyl-D-gluconate, C14H28O7, is monoclinic, P21, Z = 2, a = 4.798(1), b = 32.353(8), c = 5.241(1) Å, β = 94.90(1)° at room temperature. On heating, the crystal undergoes three crystal-to-crystal transitions, two at 62 to 67°C and a more pronounced one at 90°C. Melting to a liquid crystal smectic phase takes place at 158°C, which melts again within one degree to an isotropic liquid. On cooling, the liquid crystal phase is metastable to 110°, when crystallization takes place through four crystal phases down to room temperature, In the room temperature crystal structure, both the acyclic gluconate moiety and the alkyl chains are in the extended conformation. The gluconate moieties are hydrogen bonded. The molecular packing in monolayer and head-to-tail, in contrast to the bilayer head-to-head packing of the long chain alkyl carbohydrates having cyclic sugar residues. The alkyl chains are aligned parallel with no intercalation.
Lumped Circuit Model for Lossy Magnetized Ferrites and Its Applications (2007)

In this article the lumped circuit and the finite difference time domain algorithm for lossy magnetized ferrites is presented. The proposed algorithm is verified for a longitudinal and transverse case.
Implantable Insulin Infusion Devices (1982)

To the Editor.— In the editorial by Service et al (1982;247:1866), they urge extreme caution in the clinical use of both extracorporeal and implantable insulin infusion devices. Since the use of external infusion devices has been associated with substantial morbidity and mortality and intensive conventional therapy has been shown to provide similar glycemic control in both short- and long-term studies, we believe that both types of devices should be used only in carefully supervised research protocols at present. However, we must disagree with part of the following contention of Service et al: ... that implantation of insulin delivery systems into humans is not justified other than for acute and closely supervised experiments designed to answer questions that cannot be answered adequately in animal studies (italics ours). Some of us have much experience with implantable drug delivery systems, and we believe that the implantation of devices of this type is not justified
Assessment of posterior pituitary function using insulin tolerance test and the novel AVP precursor peptide copeptin (2007)

Background: To test posterior pituitary function in patients with suspected diabetes insipidus, water deprivation can be performed. Hypoglycaemia is another stimulus of vasopressin (AVP) secretion, however, its measurement is technically demanding in clinical routine and therefore often not performed. Copeptin, the C-terminal part of the AVP prohormone, is stoichiometrically secreted together with mature AVP. Due to a several day long ex vivo stability, copeptin can be readily assayed in serum or plasma.
Impacts of glass carriers in temporary bonding process of 3DS-IC technology (2012)

Three-Dimensional Stacked Integrated Circuits (3DS-IC) technology is a new concept to realize circuits with many merits, e.g. high density, high speed, low power and low cost. Temporary wafer bonding for silicon (Si) wafer thinning and handling is one of the technologies to achieve 3D system integration. In the development history of temporary bonding technology, the Si carrier is used at the beginning because of its well-known properties and convenience to access. Contrary to the single crystal Si, the versatility of glass in composition flexibility and excellent attributes begin to attract more and more interests as a supporting carrier in the temporary bonding technology as a carrier. This study presented here will discuss the importance of glass attributes through the lifetime of the wafer.
A magnetically enhanced 3-electrode wireless micro-geiger counter (2007)

This paper explores a 3-electrode micromachined Geiger counter utilizing a high impedance (floating) electrode to control discharge energy, and its impact on sensitivity and response time. Permanent magnets in a sandwich configuration are used to enhance RF transmission from micro-discharges. Initially, weak (field-emission) leakage current charges the floating electrode capacitor (C <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">P</inf> ≈1.1 pF) to a high voltage through the charging gap (between floating electrode and anode). When beta radiation initiates a micro-discharge in the sensing gap (between floating electrode and cathode), C <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">P</inf> dissipates through the low impedance path, lowering the voltage and quickly quenching the discharge. Permanent magnets, positioned perpendicular to the discharge path, increase the efficiency of electron-ion collisions and enhance the consequent RF transmission. Experiments conducted in a neon/air ambient with <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">90</sup> Sr (0.1 μCi) showed a 10X-100X SNR improvement for the 3-electrode design over a similar 2-electrode design that does not utilize the floating electrode. Results also showed a significant increase in high frequency components in the presence of a magnetic field.
Trapped vortices and a favourable pressure gradient (2003)

It is shown that there exist bodies such that in two-dimensional steady inviscid incompressible flow the pressure gradient is favourable over the entire surface of the body, and the lift is non-zero, if the body is immersed in a uniform stream and there are also two trapped point vortices.
Reducing transmission of SARS-CoV-2 (2020)

Masks and testing are necessary to combat asymptomatic spread in aerosols and droplets
Generation of 22 mW of 532-nm radiation by frequency doubling in Ti:MgO:LiNbO_3 waveguides (1986)

We report temperature phase-matched second-harmonic generation of 1.064-μm radiation in Ti-indiffused waveguides in MgO-doped LiNbO3 substrates. Noncritical phase matching of the TE2 mode was achieved at 102–106°C. Owing to the high-temperature operation and the low photorefractivity of the waveguide, it was possible to generate 22-mW average-power 532-nm output. No evidence of photorefractive scattering was observed during 5 h of operation at 3-mW output.
Iterative physical optics (IPO) with integral evaluation of self-shadowing (2015)

A novel iterative physical optics (IPO) algorithm is proposed, for the analysis of scattering from large complex geometries involving multiple reflections and complex self-shadowing effects. The algorithm involves two types of nested iterations: reflection (“bounce”) iterations and self-shadowing iterations. At each bounce iteration, the physical optics sources induced on the surface of the scatterer produce a correction to the incident field, which in turn creates a correction to the physical optics sources. Each correction is evaluated to account for self-shadowing effects by a nested iterative evaluation of shadow-radiation integrals. The nested iterative formulation is naturally accelerable by using fast field evaluation methods, e.g., the multilevel non-uniform grid algorithm. The procedure's applicability to complex geometries is demonstrated numerically by comparison to numerically exact results and to standard PO results.
Platinum–Glass Composite Electrode for Fuel Cell Applications (2007)

Thin-film electrodes for a low-power direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) were prepared by incorporating carbon-supported Pt nanoparticles into a silicon dioxide glass matrix. The matrix was prepared via a sol-gel technique where tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) was hydrolyzed by in the presence of methanol. The was stirred into the sol and the resulting mixture was applied to a glass membrane substrate and cured. The resulting films were thick. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images indicate that the was well dispersed, forming glass-separated conductive islands with sheet resistances in excess of . The catalyst islands were interconnected into a conductive sheet by electrolessly depositing platinum from an aqueous plating bath. The glass composite thin-film electrodes showed high methanol oxidation peak currents of when immersed in , methanol electrolyte. The composite electrode was also applied to the anode of a passive DMFC and compared to an equivalent passive DMFC with a traditional Nafion-based Pt anode electrode with at room temperature. The composite electrode DMFC showed a higher open-circuit voltage than the Nafion electrode cell, and the current density was also modestly improved.
Supplementary Figure Legends, Supplementary Figures 1 and 2 and Supplementary Table 1 from Antitumor Effects of Immunotoxins Are Enhanced by Lowering <i>HCK</i> or Treatment with Src Kinase Inhibitors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF - 950KB, Legends for Supplementary Figures 1 and 2; Supplementary Figure 1: Screening of TK siRNA library; Supplementary Figure2: Src knock down slightly increased SS1P toxicity; Supplementary Table 1: Oligos used in the study.&lt;/p&gt;
Efficient Randomized Defense against Adversarial Attacks in Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (2019)

Despite their well-documented learning capabilities in clean environments, deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are extremely fragile in adversarial settings, where carefully crafted perturbations created by an attacker can easily disrupt the task at hand. Numerous methods have been proposed for designing effective attacks, while the design of effective defense schemes is still an open area. This work leverages randomization-based defense schemes to introduce a sampling mechanism for strong and efficient defense. To this end, sampling is proposed to take place over the matricized mid-layer data in the neural network, and the sampling probabilities are systematically obtained via variance minimization. The proposed defense only requires adding sampling blocks to the network in the inference phase without extra overhead in the training. In addition, it can be utilized on any pre-trained network without altering the weights. Numerical tests corroborate the improved defense against various attack schemes in comparison with state-of-the-art randomized defenses.
Cervical cancer risk in HPV‐positive women after a negative FAM19A4/mir124‐2 methylation test: A post hoc analysis in the POBASCAM trial with 14 year follow‐up (2018)

DNA methylation analysis of cervical scrapes using FAM19A4 and mir124-2 genes has shown a good clinical performance in detecting cervical cancer and advanced CIN lesions in need of treatment in HPV-positive women. To date, longitudinal data on the cancer risk of methylation test-negative women are lacking. In our study, we assessed the longitudinal outcome of FAM19A4/mir124-2 methylation analysis in an HPV-positive screening cohort with 14 years of follow-up. Archived HPV-positive cervical scrapes of 1,040 women (age 29-61 years), who were enrolled in the POBASCAM screening trial (ISRCTN20781131) were tested for FAM19A4/mir124-2 methylation. By linkage with the nationwide network and registry of histo- and cytopathology in the Netherlands (PALGA), 35 cervical cancers were identified during 14 years of follow-up comprising three screens (baseline, and after 5 and 10 years). The baseline scrape of 36.1% (n = 375) women tested positive for FAM19A4/mir124-2 methylation, including 24 women with cervical cancer in follow-up, and 30.6% (n = 318) had abnormal cytology (threshold borderline dyskaryosis or ASCUS), including 14 women with cervical cancer in follow-up. Within screening round capability of FAM19A4/mir124-2 methylation to detect cervical cancer was 100% (11/11, 95% CI: 71.5-100). Kaplan-Meier estimate of 14-year cumulative cervical cancer incidence was 1.7% (95% CI: 0.66-3.0) among baseline methylation-negative and 2.4% (95% CI: 1.4-3.6) among baseline cytology-negative women (risk difference: 0.71% [95% CI: 0.16-1.4]). In conclusion, a negative FAM19A4/mir124-2 methylation test provides a low cervical cancer risk in HPV-positive women of 30 years and older. FAM19A4/mir124-2 methylation testing merits consideration as an objective triage test in HPV-based cervical screening programs.
Chemoenzymatic Synthesis ofcis-4-Hydroxy-D-proline (2001)

Candida antarctica lipase fraction B (CALB) catalyzed the hydrolysis of the (S)-enantiomer of racemic 4-oxo-1,2-pyrrolidinedicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester with high enantioselectivity (> 99.5% ee at 51% conversion). Regioselective hydrogenation of the isolated (R)-4-oxo-1,2-pyrrolidinedicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester produced (2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-1,2-pyrrolidinedicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester in 98% yield, and subsequent hydrolysis of the ester and N-(alkoxycarbonyl) groups produced cis-4-hydroxy-D-proline in 98% yield and 96% de. Diastereomeric mixtures of 4-hydroxy-1,2-pyrrolidinedicarboxylic acid dimethyl esters were also resolved using CALB to produce cis-4-hydroxy-D-proline or trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline in 93 to > 99.5% diastereomeric excess.
Effect of Underwater Operation and Surface Rust Layer on Friction Stir Weldability of Carbon Steel (2022)

To secure the safety during decommissioning of Fukushima nuclear power plant, temporary repair of rusted steel structures with cracks, possibly located in water, is needed. Friction stir welding (FSW) could be used to repair these structures in water without the elimination process of rust layers, but availability of underwater FSW to rusted steels has hardly been examined. To clarify effect of underwater operation and rust layer on weldability of 0.45%C steel, rusted steel was welded by conventional and underwater FSW at the various rotational speeds, and then the thermal histories, FSW machine outputs, and microstructure and mechanical properties of the stir zone were examined. Underwater FSW could produce the sound welds with no welding defects on 0.45%C steel, but the range of the rotational speed for the sound welds was slightly narrow during underwater FSW. Underwater FSW exhibited the lower maximum temperature and the much higher cooling rate than conventional FSW, resulting in the higher hardness and tensile strength of the stir zone through formation of the microstructure including bainite. Moreover, the rusted steel could be successfully welded by conventional and underwater FSW. The rust layer, about 50 μm in thickness, hardly affected the weldability, and microstructure and hardness distributions of the weld. However, the fragmented rust was trapped and left near the top surface of the stir zone at the higher rotational speed, resulting in a decrease in strength of the stir zone.
Supplementary Figure S3. Distribution of HPV types among CIN and ICC samples from Targeted, Deep Sequencing Reveals Full Methylation Profiles of Multiple HPV Types and Potential Biomarkers for Cervical Cancer Progression (2023)

&lt;p&gt;HPV types in CIN and ICC samples were determined by their read counts. For a sample to be considered positive for a specific HPV type, the proportion of mapped reads for that type had to be {greater than or equal to}15% of the total HPV read count. Two samples were the exception, as they were called positive for an HPV type with only 10% of the total HPV reads (due to identification of an integration event in that HPV type).&lt;/p&gt;