gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Choosing Fusion Levels in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (2013)

Correct identification of fusion levels in surgical planning for the management of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is a complex task. Several classification systems and algorithms exist to assist surgeons in determining the appropriate levels to be instrumented. The Lenke classification is the benchmark system. Among the many factors and measurements that are taken into account when selecting the proper upper instrumented vertebra and lower instrumented vertebra are planning for selective fusion; preserving motion segments; preventing proximal and/or distal junctional kyphosis, shoulder imbalance, and neck pain; and maintaining short fusion lengths. Existing treatment algorithms do not account for every exception, and further research is required to improve long-term surgical outcomes.
Solvent Response and Protonation Effects of Novel Aramides Containing Pyridine and Unsymmetrical Carbazole Moieties (2013)

A new diamine containing pyridine and carbazole groups was synthesized via a Chichibabin reaction and subsequent reduction; this compound was then used in the preparation of organo-soluble aramides (PA-a–i). The resultant polymers had high glass transition temperatures, which fell within the ranges of 271–287 °C, and Td10 at 510–535 °C in a nitrogen atmosphere. The pristine PA-a exhibited the maximum value in the UV–vis absorption spectrum at 307 nm, and this value shifted to 394 nm after protonation by HCl. When the emission of the polymer in THF solution was observed, the intensity of the emission peak at 420 nm decreased and the intensity of a new emission peak at 552 nm increased as the acid concentration increased. Additionally, the color of the polymer solution changed from blue to yellow after protonation. The intensity of the emission at 552 nm based on excimers increased as MeOH content increased. The color of polymer films also changed irreversibly from yellow, which was indicative of the neutral form, to a dark brown oxidized form during the application of bias voltages ranging from 0 to 1.6 V.
Redistribution of Left Ventricular Strain by Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in Heart Failure Patients (2010)

Heart failure patients with ventricular conduction delay show pronounced heterogeneous patterns of segmental PMS, which can be reversed by CRT.
Carbocationic Polymerization in Supercritical CO2. V.* Synthesis of Phenol-Terminated Polyisobutylene (1995)

The convenient synthesis of well-defined phenol-ended polyisobutylene (PIB): of Mn-2000 in supercritical carbon dioxide (SC°CO2) at 140 bar and 32.5 °C has been accomplished. The synthesis involves two steps, both carried out in SC°CO2: 1. The preparation of tert-Cl ended PIB prepolymer (PIB-CI1) and 2. The quantitative para alkylation of phenol by the prepolymer in the presence of BF3OEt2. The synthesis conditions were developed by studying the model alkylation of phenol by 2-chloro-2,4,4-trimethylpentane (TMPCI) in SC°CO2, giving rise to: According to quantitative 1H-NMR analysls we conclude that phenol has been quantitatively alkylated by the modd compound and by the PIE-Clt. This is the first time electrophilic aromatic alkylations carried out In SGCO, solvent are described. Phenol was found to be readily soluble in SCCO,. Efforts to alkylate 2-bromoethylbenzene (BrEtBz) by PIB-Clt In the presence of various Friedel-Crafts halides in SCCO, remained unsuccessful. Evidently, ill-defined side-reactions (cracking, etc.) overwhelm the desired p-alkylation at the relatively high reaction temperatures employed (>31 °C).
Evaluation of Unsaturated Alkanoic Acid Amides as Maskers of Epigallocatechin Gallate Astringency (2013)

Some foods, beverages, and food ingredients show characteristic long-lasting aftertastes. The sweet, lingering taste of high intensity sweeteners or the astringency of tea catechins are typical examples. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the most abundant catechin in green tea, causes a long-lasting astringency and bitterness. These sensations are mostly perceived as aversive and are only accepted in a few foods (e.g., tea and red wine). For the evaluation of the aftertaste of such constituents over a certain period of time, Intensity Variation Descriptive Methodology (IVDM) was used. The approach allows the measurement of different descriptors in parallel in one panel session. IVDM was evaluated concerning the inter- and intraindividual differences of panelists for bitterness and astringency of EGCG. Subsequently, the test method was used as a screening tool for the identification of potential modality-selective masking compounds. In particular, the intensity of the astringency of EGCG (750 mg kg(-1)) could be significantly lowered by 18-33% during the time course by adding the trigeminal-active compound trans-pellitorine (2E,4E-decadienoic acid N-isobutyl amide 1, 5 mg kg(-1)) without significantly affecting bitterness perception. Further, structurally related compounds were evaluated on EGCG to gain evidence for possible structure-activity relationships. A more polar derivative of 1, (2S)-2-[[(2E,4E)-deca-2,4-dienoyl]amino]propanoic acid 9, was also able to reduce the astringency of EGCG similar to trans-pellitorine but without showing the strong tingling effect.
1207Pulsed Field Ablation: Acute and Chronic Safety and Lesion Efficacy (2019)

Abstract Introduction Thermal ablation methods are the cornerstone of treatment for atrial fibrillation. However, they pose a risk to extra-cardiac structures and may result in inadequate efficacy. Nonthermal, pulsed-field ablation (PFA) delivery to cardiac tissues may create durable, efficacious lesions while avoiding collateral damage. Purpose The purpose of this preclinical GLP study was to assess acute and chronic electrical isolation combined with a pathology assessment of chronic lesion extent in response to PFA delivery to cardiac tissue, and to document any collateral damage. Methods Six pigs were treated with biphasic, bipolar PFA doses through a circular multi-electrode catheter. PFA was delivered at four locations at specified voltages: superior vena cava (SVC at 700V), right atrial appendage (RAA at 1500V), left atrial appendage (LAA at 1200V), and right pulmonary vein (RPV at 1500V). Phrenic nerve pacing thresholds and electrical block at SVC, RPV, and RAA sites were investigated acutely, and electrical block at the SVC sites chronically. Pigs were survived for 4 weeks. After euthanasia, necropsies and histopathological assessments documented the findings at the lesion sites and collateral tissues. Results Post PFA, entrance block was achieved in all SVC, RPV, and RAA sites. Histopathology showed characteristic replacement fibrosis of the myocardium at all ablation sites. The PFA lesions in the SVC and RPV were all continuously circumferential and histopathology did not detect any remaining myofiber conduits across the post-ablation fibrosis (consistent with the electrical assessments). PFA of the appendages caused wide-ranging fibrosis in the RAA, and limited fibrosis in the LAA. Histologically, the atrial fibrosis was almost exclusively transmural in both, with the RAA lesions overall diagnosed as circumferentially complete in all but one case. The right phrenic nerve (RPN) pacing thresholds were unchanged from baseline to the end of the procedure and were all &lt;1.0V. The examined juxtaposed RPN segments exposed to PFA at the SVC and RPV sites were normal. None of the ablated targets was associated with stenosis, aneurysms, luminal thrombus or collateral damage on the abluminal side. Continuous lesion sites Conclusions This limited preclinical study evaluated the acute and chronic safety and efficacy of PFA in multiple cardiac and vascular treatment sites. In this porcine model, PFA results in acute and chronic electrical isolation, confirmed by pathology data, for all of the RPV and SVC targets. Pathology findings of the RAA revealed the ability to achieve chronic transmural lesions in highly trabeculated cardiac tissue. No collateral damage was seen to the adjacent RPN. Acknowledgement/Funding Medtronic
Material Properties and Testing Methods (2018)

No AccessPlastics HandbookJan 2019Material Properties and Testing MethodsErwin Baur, Tim A. Osswald, Natalie RudolphErwin BaurSearch for more papers by this author, Tim A. OsswaldSearch for more papers by this author, Natalie RudolphSearch for more papers by this authorhttps://doi.org/10.3139/9781569905609.003SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to FavoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsCopy LTI LinkPDF key 'share (en)' returned an object instead of string.FacebookTwitterEmailLinkedIn previous chapternext chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2018Pages: 45-175Print ISBN: 978-1-56990-559-3eISBN: 978-1-56990-560-9 Copyright & Permissions© 2019 Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KGPDF downloadLoading ...
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Mucocin. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A Cortical Parcellation Based Analysis of Ventral Premotor Area Connectivity (2021)

<b><i>Introduction</i></b>. The ventral premotor area (VPM) plays a crucial role in executing various aspects of motor control. These include hand reaching, joint coordination, and direction of movement in space. While many studies discuss the VPM and its relationship to the rest of the motor network, there is minimal literature examining the connectivity of the VPM outside of the motor network. Using region-based fMRI studies, we built a neuroanatomical model to account for these extra-motor connections.<b><i>Methods.</i></b> Thirty region-based fMRI studies were used to generate an activation likelihood estimation (ALE) using BrainMap software. Cortical parcellations overlapping the ALE were used to construct a preliminary model of the VPM connections outside the motor network. Diffusion spectrum imaging (DSI)-based fiber tractography was performed to determine the connectivity between cortical parcellations in both hemispheres, and a laterality index (LI) was calculated with resultant tract volumes. The resulting connections were described using the cortical parcellation scheme developed by the Human Connectome Project (HCP).<b><i>Results.</i></b> Four cortical regions were found to comprise the VPM. These four regions included 6v, 4, 3b, and 3a. Across mapped brains, these areas showed consistent interconnections between each other. Additionally, ipsilateral connections to the primary motor cortex, supplementary motor area, and dorsal premotor cortex were demonstrated. Inter-hemispheric asymmetries were identified, especially with areas 1, 55b, and MI connecting to the ipsilateral VPM regions.<b><i>Conclusion.</i></b> We describe a preliminary cortical model for the underlying connectivity of the ventral premotor area. Future studies should further characterize the neuroanatomic underpinnings of this network for neurosurgical applications.
Synthesis and modification of mercapto-submicron scavenger for real-time extraction and preconcentration of As(iii) (2017)

From field to lab As(<sc>iii</sc>) analysis process using mercaptoscavenger.
Chain Length Dependence of the Dielectric Constant and Polarizability in Conjugated Organic Thin Films (2017)

Dielectric materials are ubiquitous in optics, electronics, and materials science. Recently, there have been new efforts to characterize the dielectric performance of thin films composed of molecular assemblies. In this context, we investigate here the relationship between the polarizability of the constituent molecules and the film dielectric constant, using periodic density functional theory (DFT) calculations, for polyyne and saturated alkane chains. In particular, we explore the implication of the superlinear chain length dependence of the polarizability, a specific feature of conjugated molecules. We show and explain from DFT calculations and a simple depolarization model that this superlinearity is attenuated by the collective polarization. However, it is not completely suppressed. This confers a very high sensitivity of the dielectric constant to the thin film thickness. This latter can increase by a factor of 3-4 at reasonable coverages, by extending the molecular length. This significantly limits the decline of the thin film capacitance with the film thickness. Therefore, the conventional fit of the capacitance versus thickness is not appropriate to determine the dielectric constant of the film. Finally, we show that the failures of semilocal approximations of the exchange-correlation functional lead to a very significant overestimation of this effect.
Abstract P2-09-27: Predictive Factors of Complete Axillary Downstaging after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer Patients (2010)

Abstract Background: The axillary status after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) is an important prognostic factor. Complete axillary downstaging (CAD) occurs in up to 20-30% of the patients, however, sentinel node biopsy after NACT is not recommended in patients with initial axillary nodal involvement and complete axillary response after NACT. Our aim was to investigate predictive factors of CAD after NACT to identify patients who could avoid an unnecessary axillary dissection. Patients and methods: From January 2004 to December 2008, 256 consecutive patients were diagnosed with invasive breast cancer and received NACT and breast surgery at our institution. Patients were eligible for this analysis if they met the following inclusion criteria: clinically and/or cytologically proven metastatic axillary nodes; complete axillary response after NACT; and complete axillary dissection after systemic treatment. CAD was defined as pN0 (isolated tumor cells and micrometastasis were excluded). Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess the association between CAD and either tumor characteristics or intrinsic cancer subtypes. Results: 84 patients were included. Median age was 51.64 years. 75 (89,3%) received anthracyclines-and taxanes-based CT and 11 (13%). 38 (45,2%) had cytologically proven metastatic axillary nodes at diagnosis. According to intrinsic cancer subtypes, 22 (26%) were classified as HER2 positive, 17 (20,2%) as triple negative (ER, PR, and HER2 -), 6 (7,1%) as luminal A [estrogen receptor positive and/or progesterone receptor positive and (Ki67 &amp;lt; 20% and histological grade 1 or 2)], and 23 (27,4%) as luminal B [estrogen receptor positive and/or progesterone receptor positive and (Ki67 ≥20% or histological grade 3)]. In the univariate analysis, HER2 positivity (p=0,002) and neoadjuvant treatment with trastuzumab (p=0,019) were significantly associated with CAD. In the multivariate analysis only HER2 status maintained statistical significance (p=0,003). Among luminal A, luminal B, and triple negative tumors, complete axillary response after NACT did not significantly predict CAD. Conclusions: In our cohort of breast cancer patients, HER2 status is an independent predictive factor of CAD after NACT. Clinical trials, probably according to specific breast cancer subtypes, are required to identify patients with initial axillary metastatic involvement who could avoid an axillary dissection after systemic therapy. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-09-27.
Empirical evaluation of mobile peer-to-peer wellness group communication application for Symbian OS (2007)

In this paper, we analyze the results of the end-user evaluation of a wellness-related mobile application for Symbian OS, the Wellness. With the application, users were able to plan their physical exercise beforehand, keep track of their performed exercise, and share that information to a peer group in real-time or after the exercise. The evaluation was carried out with 15 volunteer test users. Each of them used the application for 6 to 8 days, doing some physical exercise during that period. During the exercise, the users would wear a sports computer and a heart rate meter that communicated with the application in the phone. After the testing period, the users answered a questionnaire about their experiences. The users appreciated the application's basic idea, although the instability of the application deteriorated the quality of the user experience. Moreover, persons who had used similar wireless devices or applications before found the application more usable than those who had little experience of such technology.
Predicting Sleep Classification Performance without Labels (2020)

When generating automatic sleep reports with mobile sleep monitoring devices, it is crucial to have a good grasp of the reliability of the result. In this paper, we feed features derived from the output of a sleep scoring algorithm to a 'regression ensemble' to estimate the quality of the automatic sleep scoring. We compare this estimate to the actual quality, calculated using a manual scoring of a concurrent polysomnography recording. We find that it is generally possible to estimate the quality of a sleep scoring, but with some uncertainty ('root mean squared error' between estimated and true Cohen's kappa is 0.078). We expect that this method could be useful in situations with many scored nights from the same subject, where an overall picture of scoring quality is needed, but where uncertainty on single nights is less of an issue.
New Strategies in Cancer Nanomedicine (2015)

We review recent progress in cancer nanomedicine, including stimulus-responsive drug delivery systems and nanoparticles responding to light for phototherapy or tumor imaging. In addition, several new strategies to improve the circulation of nanoparticles in vivo, tumor penetration, and tumor targeting are discussed. The application of nanomedicine in cancer immunology, a relatively new type of cancer therapy, is also highlighted.
Cellular Terrestrial Broadcast—Physical Layer Evolution From 3GPP Release 9 to Release 16 (2020)

We present the latest developments in the physical layer evolution for the transmission of Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (MBMS) over fifth generation (5G) cellular networks. We first provide an overview of how the MBMS physical layer has evolved during the initial releases of the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) specifications and provide motivations and insights for key developments that have helped mature MBMS into a competitive broadcasting solution. We provide an overview of dedicated MBMS carriers for Multimedia Broadcast multicast service Single Frequency Network (MBSFN) transmission as well as Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) numerologies with longer cyclic prefixes to support MBSFN transmission over large geographical areas with large distances between cooperating cell sites. Next, we describe the most recent enhancements to the MBMS physical layer, addressing advanced use cases in the recently completed release of the 3GPP specifications (Release 16). First, we describe the physical layer design for enabling MBSFN-based MBMS services for rooftop receivers with inter-site distances between cooperating cell sites as large as 125 km. In this realm, we demonstrate the need for an OFDM numerology with a 300-microsecond cyclic prefix to communicate effectively over channels with very large delay spreads. Next, we explain how support for high mobility up to 250 kmph was added to the standards by using an OFDM numerology that gracefully trades off inter-symbol interference due to large delay spreads and inter-carrier interference due to large doppler spreads to achieve better performance than existing numerologies at high speeds. Finally, we describe the enhancements that were made to the Cell Acquisition Subframe (CAS)-specifically, the introduction of larger aggregation levels for the Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) and the support of Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) repetitions-that significantly increase the coverage for the control and system information associated with MBMS that are carried by these subframes.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Pyrrolo(2,1‐c) (1,4)benzodiazepine Antibiotics via Azido Reductive Cyclization with HMDST. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
In-situ composite formation of damage tolerant coatings utilizing laser (2023)

A coating steel component with a pattern of an iron based matrix with crystalline particles metallurgically bound to the surface of a steel substrate for use as disc cutters or other components with one or more abrading surfaces that can experience significant abrasive wear, high point loads, and large shear stresses during use. The coated component contains a pattern of features in the shape of freckles or stripes that are laser formed and fused to the steel substrate. The features can display an inner core that is harder than the steel substrate but generally softer than the matrix surrounding the core, providing toughness and wear resistance to the features. The features result from processing an amorphous alloy where the resulting matrix can be amorphous, partially devitrified or fully devitrified.
A Transient Analysis of Field Aligned Starting at Mains Connection (2007)

Field aligned starting (FAS) is a technique for starting 3-phase cage induction motors on single-phase supply lines under varying load conditions with minimal inrush currents. The technique starts the motor independent of the mains supply with a high positive transient torque before connecting the spinning motor to the mains supply to operate in a standard Steinmetz configuration. It is imperative to the success of an FAS start-up that the spinning motor is connected to the mains at the correct moment. Incorrectly timed mains connection leads to the generation of transient torques of such a severity as to slow, or possibly stall the already started motor with very high inrush currents. This paper analyses key aspects related to the timing of the transition to mains supply, through the use of experimental results recorded under various starting conditions, and simulations based on a dynamic model of the FAS system. A simple yet practical method, which ensures that the timing of the mains connection is correct, is also described.
Loss Minimization and Maximum Torque-Per-Ampere Operation for Variable-Pole Induction Machines (2020)

High power density, high efficiency, inexpensive drivetrains operating over a wide torque/speed range are critical for traction applications. An induction machine ('M) offers a cost-effective, rugged, and reliable alternative to permanent magnet solutions. Varying the 'M's pole count on-the-fly overcomes the finite inverter voltage constraint and extends the machine's speed range. To date, the operating pole count of variablepole 'Ms has been determined based on the operating speed irrespective of the torque requirement, utilizing a high pole count at low speeds and a low pole count at high speeds. This article expands the pole-selection strategy of variable-pole 'Ms to both torque and speed. The pole count is used to improve the machine efficiency and minimize the stator current over the entire operating torque-speed range. An experimental 36slot toroidally wound 'M driven by an 18-leg inverter validates the proposed pole-selection method for variable-pole 'Ms. Stator current and machine losses are reduced at partial loading conditions by utilizing lower pole counts rather than selecting the pole with the highest rated torque capability. The average loss reduction by 1/3 and torque-per-ampere improvement of 2× are experimentally achieved at partial loading by using the proposed pole-selection method compared to linking the pole count solely to the operating speed.