gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
TU‐D‐202‐01: Is ITV the Correct Motion Encompassing Strategy? (2016)

Respiratory motion has long been recognized as an important factor affecting the precision of radiotherapy. After the introduction of the 4D CT to visualize the respiratory motion in 3D, the internal target volume (ITV) has been widely adopted as simple method to take the motion into account in treatment planning and delivery. The ITV is generated as the union of the CTVs as the patient goes through the respiratory cycle. Many issues have been identified with the ITV. In this session three alternatives for the ITV will be discussed: 1) An alternative motion‐inclusive approach with better imaging and smaller margins, called mid‐position CT. 2) The tracking approach and 3) The gating approach. The following topics will be addressed by Marcel van Herk (“Is ITV the correct motion encompassing strategy”): Magnitude of respiratory motion, effect of motion on radiotherapy, motion encompassing strategies, and software solutions to assist in motion encompassing strategies. Then Paul Keall (“Make margins simple: Use real‐time target tracking”) will discuss tracking with: clinical drivers for tracking, current clinical status of tumor tracking, future tumor tracking technology, and margin margin challenges with and without tracking. Finally Daniel Low will discuss gating (“Gating is the best ITV killer”): why ITV in the first place, requirements for planning, requirements at the machine, benefits and costs. The session will end with a discussion and live demo of motion simulation software to illustrate the issues and explain the relative benefit and appropriate uses for the three methods. Learning Objectives: Explain the 4D imaging and treatment planning process. Summarize the various approaches to deal with respiratory motion during radiotherapy Discuss the tradeoffs involved when choosing one of the three discussed approaches. Explain in which situation each method is the best choice Research is partly funded by Elekta Oncology Systems and the Dutch Cancer Foundation; M. van Herk, Part of the research was funded by Elekta Oncology Systems and the Dutch Cancer Foundation
1α,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol and a human myeloid leukaemia cell line (HL-60) (1982)

Human promyelocytic leukaemia cells (HL-60) can be induced to differentiate into mature granulocytes in vitro by 1 alpha,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1 alpha,25(OH)2D3], the active form of cholecalciferol. The differentiation-associated properties, such as phagocytosis and C3 rosette formation, were induced by as little as 0.12 nM-1 alpha,25(OH)2D3, and, at 12 nM, about half of the cells exhibited differentiation on day 3 of incubation. Concomitantly the viable cell number was decreased to less than half of the control. Among various derivatives of cholecalciferol examined, 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 and 1 alpha,24R-dihydroxycholecalciferol were the most potent in inducing differentiation, followed successively by 1 alpha,24S-dihydroxycholecalciferol, 1 alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol, 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and 24R,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol. A cytosol protein specifically bound to 1 alpha,25 (OH)2D3 was found in HL-60 cells. Its physical properties closely resembled those found in such target tissues as intestine and parathyroid glands. 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 bound to the cytosol receptor was transferred quantitatively to the chromatin fraction. The specificity of various derivatives of cholecalciferol in inducing differentiation was well correlated with that of their association with the cytosol receptor. These results are compatible with the hypothesis that the active form of cholecalciferol induces differentiation of human myeloid leukaemia cells by a mechanism similar to that proposed for the classical concept of steroid hormone action.
An automatic ECG generator for testing and evaluating ECG sensor algorithms (2015)

The use of biomedical sensors, be it attached or embedded inside a human body, to monitor various physiological parameters is increasing at a significant rate due to continued advances in miniaturizations and materials. Testing and verification of the algorithms used in processing the physiological parameters of concern is essential, given the sensitivity of their usage. Simulation is a technique that is widely used to achieve this. However, proper test cases are required in order to carry out the simulation process. ElectroCardioGram (ECG) is one of the most commonly used and studied physiological signal, yet, algorithms that handle ECG recorded data are not being tested and verified thoroughly due to the lack of proper test cases. This paper presents an automatic test case generation algorithm that can be used to provide ECG records for testing purposes. The algorithm is based on a range of the parameters related ECG components such as amplitude, duration, slope, and physical characteristics. Hence, the required shape of the ECG can be controlled in order to be able to cover a wide range of scenarios during testing. We provide an implementation of the algorithm and illustrate it on two different ECG sensor algorithms.
Small CD4 mimetics sensitize HIV-1-infected macrophages to antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (2023)

HIV-1 envelope (Env) conformation determines the susceptibility of infected CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells to antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Upon interaction with CD4, Env adopts more "open" conformations, exposing ADCC epitopes. HIV-1 limits Env-CD4 interaction and protects infected cells against ADCC by downregulating CD4 via Nef, Vpu, and Env. Limited data exist, however, of the role of these proteins in downmodulating CD4 on infected macrophages and how this impacts Env conformation. While Nef, Vpu, and Env are all required to efficiently downregulate CD4 on infected CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells, we show here that any one of these proteins is sufficient to downmodulate most CD4 from the surface of infected macrophages. Consistent with this finding, Nef and Vpu have a lesser impact on Env conformation and ADCC sensitivity in infected macrophages compared with CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells. However, treatment of infected macrophages with small CD4 mimetics exposes vulnerable CD4-induced Env epitopes and sensitizes them to ADCC.
Complexity-Performance Trade-Offs in a Single Carrier Transmission with Iterative Equalization (2008)

In this paper, we study the performance of our single carrier receiver model using turbo coding and regular low density parity check (LDPC) coding. The single carrier receiver utilizes filter bank based frequency domain equalizer, which is then followed by a low complexity, iterative noise predictive decision feedback equalizer (NP-DFE). Furthermore, the average computation rate as a function of E <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">b</sub> /N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> ratio is observed for different coding methods, thus characterizing the performance vs. complexity trade-offs in the considered receiver structure in terms of the channel coding. Clear performance benefits from the NP-DFE loop can be achieved and the averaged complexity increase in our system is tolerable in the E <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">b</sub> /N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> range where frame error rates below 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> are achieved. In addition, by fixing the maximum decoding complexity to be the same between turbo and LDPC codes, the performance of these codes is similar but the averaged complexity of the LDPC code saturates to a clearly lower level.
Innovative statistical interpretation of Shewanella oneidensis microbial fuel cells data (2014)

Principal component analysis in combination with uncertainty of measurement results enables the predictive capability to optimize biology and engineering simultaneously.
The &#x2208;-normalized sign regressor least mean fourth (NSRLMF) adaptive algorithm (2012)

In this paper, a new algorithm, the ∈-normalized sign regressor least mean fourth (NSRLMF) algorithm is presented as a substitute for the ∈-normalized least mean fourth (NLMF) algorithm. This new algorithm reduces significantly the computational load. Moreover, the proposed algorithm has similar convergence properties as those of the ∈-NLMF algorithm. Finally, simulations corroborate very well the theoretical findings.
White CdS Nanoluminophore based Tunable Hybrid Light Emitting Diodes (2007)

The study aims to fabricate and demonstrate hybrid white light emitting diodes that integrate white emitting CdS nanoluminophores with high light quality. Results show that the white light properties of these hybrid WLED (including (x,y) chromaticity coordinates, color temperature, and color rendering index (R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">a</sub> )) are conveniently tuned as desired across the white region by controlling the number of these surface state emitting nanoluminophores hybridized on the n-UV LED platform. In this tuning process, with the increasing number of the hybridized surface state emitting nanocrystals, it is observed that (x,y) and R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">a</sub> increase while T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> decreases.
Simple and direct synthesis of trans-1,2-bis(tributylstannyl)ethylene (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSimple and direct synthesis of trans-1,2-bis(tributylstannyl)ethyleneJeffrey C. Bottaro, Robert N. Hanson, and David E. SeitzCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 25, 5221–5222Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00338a035https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00338a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views812Altmetric-Citations67LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Purification of molybdenum oxide, growth and characterization of medium size zinc molybdate crystals for the LUMINEU program (2014)

The LUMINEU program aims at performing a pilot experiment on neutrinoless double beta decay of 100Mo using radiopure ZnMoO4 crystals operated as scintillating bolometers. Growth of high quality radiopure crystals is a complex task, since there are no commercially available molybdenum compounds with the required levels of purity and radioactive contamination. This paper discusses approaches to purify molybdenum and synthesize compound for high quality radiopure ZnMoO4 crystal growth. A combination of a double sublimation (with addition of zinc molybdate) with subsequent recrystallization in aqueous solutions (using zinc molybdate as a collector) was used. Zinc molybdate crystals up to 1.5 kg were grown by the low-thermal-gradient Czochralski technique, their optical, luminescent, diamagnetic, thermal and bolometric properties were tested.
Cloning of the APECED gene provides new insight into human autoimmunity (1999)

Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) is the only autoimmune disease characterized so far that is caused by a defect in a single gene. We have recently isolated the defective gene in this disease by positional cloning and have identified several different mutations in APECED patients. This novel gene, AIRE, contains two plant homeodomain (PHD)-type zinc finger motifs and a newly described putative DNA-binding domain SAND. We have further shown that the protein encoded by the AIRE gene is localized to the nuclear body-like structures of cell nuclei. Similar discrete speckles within the nucleus have been suggested to be involved in the regulation of transcription, oncogenesis and differentiation of cells. Together with the predicted structural features of the APECED protein the new data obtained both in vitro and ex vivo suggest that this protein participates in the regulation of gene expression in a restricted set of tissues and cells.
Synthesis and adsorption properties of the cation exchange forms of OFF-type zeolite (2016)

The possibility of the ion-exchange of Na+ and K+ cations contained in OFF-type zeolite for H+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Co2+, and La3+ cations is investigated. Chemical and phase compositions, the morphology of crystals, and the adsorption properties of synthesized samples are studied via X-ray fluorescence and X-ray diffraction analysis, IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and adsorption measurements.
Dipeptide species regulate p38MAPK–Smad3 signalling to maintain chronic myelogenous leukaemia stem cells (2015)

Understanding the specific survival of the rare chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML) stem cell population could provide a target for therapeutics aimed at eradicating these cells. However, little is known about how survival signalling is regulated in CML stem cells. In this study, we survey global metabolic differences between murine normal haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and CML stem cells using metabolomics techniques. Strikingly, we show that CML stem cells accumulate significantly higher levels of certain dipeptide species than normal HSCs. Once internalized, these dipeptide species activate amino-acid signalling via a pathway involving p38MAPK and the stemness transcription factor Smad3, which promotes CML stem cell maintenance. Importantly, pharmacological inhibition of dipeptide uptake inhibits CML stem cell activity in vivo. Our results demonstrate that dipeptide species support CML stem cell maintenance by activating p38MAPK-Smad3 signalling in vivo, and thus point towards a potential therapeutic target for CML treatment.
Modeling double-layer capacitor behavior using ladder circuits (2003)

The double-layer capacitor (DLC) is a very complex device that is best represented by a distributed parameter system. Many different lumped-parameter equivalent circuits have been proposed for the DLC. An examination into utilizing a ladder circuit to model a DLC is presented. Parameters for different ladder circuits are determined from AC impedance data. Variations in circuit parameters with DC bias and manufacturing have been investigated. The performance of the ladder circuit has been evaluated in slow discharge and pulse load applications.
Selective Actuation of Arrays of Carbon Nanotubes Using Magnetic Resonance (2013)

We introduce the use of ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) to actuate mechanical resonances in as grown arrays of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) loaded with Ni particles (Ni-CNTs). This contactless method is closely related to the magnetic resonance force microscopy technique and provides spatial selectivity of actuation along the array. The Ni-CNT arrays are grown by chemical vapor deposition and are composed of homogeneous CNTs with uniform length (~600 nm) and almost equal diameter (~20 nm), which are loaded with Ni catalyst particles at their tips due to the tip growth mode. The vibrations of the Ni-CNTs are actuated by relying on the driving force that appears due to the FMR excited at about 2 GHz in the Ni particles (diameter ~100 nm). The Ni-CNT oscillations (frequency ~40 MHz) are detected mechanically by atomic force microscopy. The acquired oscillation images of the Ni-CNT uniform array reveal clear maxima in the spatial distribution of the oscillation amplitudes. We attribute these maxima to the "sensitive slices", i.e., the spatial regions of the Ni-CNT array where the FMR condition is met. Similar to magnetic resonance imaging, the sensitive slice is determined by the magnetic field gradient and moves along the Ni-CNT array as the applied magnetic field is ramped. Our excitation method does not require the presence of any additional microfabricated electrodes or coils near the CNTs and is particularly advantageous in cases where the traditional electrical actuation methods are not effective or cannot be implemented. The remote actuation can be effectively implemented also for arrays of other magnetic nanomechanical resonators.
Effect of Band 3 Subunit Equilibrium on the Kinetics and Affinity of Ankyrin Binding to Erythrocyte Membrane Vesicles (1998)

The membrane-spanning protein, band 3, anchors the spectrin-based membrane skeleton to the lipid bilayer via the bridging protein, ankyrin. To understand how band 3 subunit stoichiometry influences this membrane-skeletal junction, we have induced changes in the band 3 association equilibrium and assayed the kinetics and equilibrium properties of ankyrin binding. We observe that band 3 oligomers convert slowly to dimers and ultimately monomers following removal of ankyrin. Addition of excess ankyrin back to these membranes enriched in dissociated band 3 then shifts band 3 almost entirely to tetramers, confirming that the tetrameric form of band 3 constitutes the preferred oligomeric state of ankyrin binding. 4, 4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (DIDS) labeling of band 3, which is shown to shift most of the band 3 population to dimers, eliminates the majority of ankyrin-binding sites on the membrane and greatly reduces retention of band 3 in detergent-extracted membrane skeletons. Furthermore, DIDS- modified membranes lack all low affinity ankyrin-binding sites and roughly half of all high affinity sites. Since labeled membranes lack the rapid kinetic phase of ankyrin binding and exhibit only half of the normal amplitude of the slow kinetic phase, it can be concluded that the rapid phase of ankyrin association involves low affinity sites and the slow phase involves high affinity sites. A model accounting for these data and most previous data on ankyrin-band 3 interactions is provided.
Ectopic expression of DICE1 suppresses tumor cell growth (2004)

The tumor suppressor gene DICE1 is located within a previously reported critical region of loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 13q14.3. Expression of the remaining DICE1 allele is down-regulated in non-small cell lung carcinomas. Ectopic expression of DICE1 cDNA by DICE1-green fluorescent protein fusion constructs resulted in inhibition of colony formation of human non-small cell lung carcinoma cell line SK-MES-1 and NCI-H520 and prostate carcinoma cell line DU145. In IGF-IR transformed Balb/c 3T3, DICE1 substantially sup-pressed growth in soft agar. These results demonstrate that DICE1 has a growth-suppressing activity and interferes with anchorage-independent growth of IGF-IR transformed tumor cells dependent upon IGF-I signaling.
Optically Pumped Lasing Action with Unusual Wavelength of Approximately 390 nm in Hexagonal GaN Microdisks Fabricated by Radio-Frequency Plasma-Assisted Molecular Beam Epitaxy (2013)

Hexagonal GaN microdisks exhibiting lasing action with unusual wavelengths of approximately 390 nm under an optically pumped condition have been investigated. The lasing action was caused by the resonant modes of the whispering gallery mode and/or quasi-whispering gallery mode in the hexagonal microdisks. A cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy observation indicated that multiple crystalline boundaries, which are formed by stacking faults, were included in the specific GaN microdisks exhibiting such an unusual lasing action. The origin of the optical gain was discussed, based on the modification of the crystal structure associated with the stacking faults.
Colonic Adenocarcinomas: Near-Infrared Microcatheter Imaging of Smart Probes for Early Detection—Study in Mice (2007)

The use of NIR imaging microcatheters combined with protease-activatable smart probes results in a beacon effect that highlights tumors with high TBRs; this technique thus may be a potentially useful adjunct to white light colonoscopy in the future.
Reaction Kinetics of the Solid-State Polymerization of Poly(bisphenol A carbonate) Facilitated by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (2001)

The kinetics of solid-state polymerization (SSP) of poly(bisphenol A carbonate) was investigated with supercritical CO2 (scCO2) as the sweep fluid. The CO2 flow rate and polymer particle size were chosen to ensure that the kinetics was controlled by the rate of the forward transesterification reaction, i.e., so that both external and internal phenol diffusion limitations were negligible. The forward reaction rate constants were determined between 90 and 135 °C, at CO2 pressures of 138, 207, and 345 bar. At a given temperature, the reaction rate was higher with scCO2 as the sweep fluid than with N2, especially at lower temperatures. The rate constant for the forward transesterification reaction increased with increasing CO2 pressure up to about 207 bar, at which point the rate constant was no longer sensitive to CO2 pressure. The activation energy decreased from 23.9 kcal/mol in N2 to 15.5, 11.6, and 11.4 kcal/mol at CO2 pressures of 138, 207, and 345 bar, respectively. The effect of scCO2 on the rate of polymerization can be understood in terms of the solubility of CO2 in the polymer.
A SIMPLE PRE-OPERATIVE SCORE TO SELECT PATIENTS FOR ARTHROSCOPIC OR OPEN SHOULDER STABILISATION (2007)

J Bone Joint Surg [Br] 2007;89-B:1470-7. Received 27 November 2006; Accepted after revision 22 May 2007 There is no simple method available to identify patients who will develop recurrent instability after an arthroscopic Bankart procedure and who would be better served by an open operation. We carried out a prospective case-control study of 131 consecutive unselected patients with recurrent anterior shoulder instability who underwent this procedure using suture anchors. At follow-up after a mean of 31.2 months (24 to 52) 19 (14.5%) had recurrent instability. The following risk factors were identified: patient age under 20 years at the time of surgery; involvement in competitive or contact sports or those involving forced overhead activity; shoulder hyperlaxity; a Hill-Sachs lesion present on an anteroposterior radiograph of the shoulder in external rotation and/or loss of the sclerotic inferior glenoid contour. These factors were integrated in a 10-point pre-operative instability severity index score and tested retrospectively on the same population. Patients with a score over 6 points had an unacceptable recurrence risk of 70% (p < 0.001). On this basis we believe that an arthroscopic Bankart repair is contraindicated in these patients, to whom we now suggest a Bristow-Latarjet procedure instead.