gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Überlegene Wirksamkeit des neuartigen Dehydrosilybin gegenüber Silybin für die Behandlung von Lebererkrankungen (2006)

Silybin oder Silymarin (Legalon) aus Mariendistelextrakt wird auf Grund seiner hepatoprotektiven Eigenschaften klinisch zur Behandlung verschiedener Lebererkrankungen eingesetzt. Man geht davon aus, dass der therapeutische Wert von Silybin auf seinen antioxidativen Eigenschaften beruht. Silymarin hat auch antineoplastische Wirkungen, welche momentan in klinischen Studien untersucht werden. Es wurde gezeigt, dass eine höhere Lipophilizität die Wirksamkeit von Silybin in der Behandlung von Lebererkrankungen verbessert. In unserer Untersuchung haben wir das stark lipophile 2,3-Dehydrosilybin (DHS) im Vergleich zu Silybin (Sil) untersucht. Bei HepG2 Zellen fanden wir eine erhöhte Zytotoxizität bei DHS (LD50=8µM) gegenüber Sil (40–50µM) als Indikator für eine überlegene Funktion als Antineoplastikum. In den Zelllinien EPI und FIB, welche in unserem Labor etabliert wurden und frühe Stadien maligne transformierter Zellen repräsentieren, zeigte DHS einen deutlich geringeren cytotoxischen Effekt (LD50=20–30µM). Desweiteren führten Konzentrationen von DHS >10µM und Sil >90µM bei EPI und FIB Zellen zu einer vollständigen Inhibition der Freisetzung von Matrixmetalloproteinase-9. Unsere Untersuchungen zu den antioxidativen Eigenschaften zeigten, dass die Konzentration an reaktiven Sauerstoffspezies in einem Glukose/Glukoseoxidasesystem durch DHS signifikant stärker verringert wurden als durch Sil (IC50: 0.74µM vs. 2.57µM). Nur DHS konnte bei einer Konzentration von 15µM die H2O2-abhängige Lumineszenz von Dihydroethidin oder Dichlorofluoreszein in HepG2 Zellen fast vollständig unterdrücken. Hiermit ging eine überlegene Eigenschaft von DHS bei Konzentrationen von 2.5–5µM als Schutz vor H2O2-induziertem Zelltod einher. Wir schlussfolgern, dass DHS gegenüber Sil überlegene Eigenschaften als Antineoplastikum und Radikalfänger hat. DHS könnte daher ein vorzügliches neues flavonoides Antioxidativum zur Behandlung von Lebererkrankungen, wie Hepatitis und hepatocelluläres Carcinom sein.
Flexible feature-space-construction architecture and its VLSI implementation for multi-scale object detection (2018)

Feature extraction techniques are a cornerstone of object detection in computer-vision-based applications. The detection performance of vison-based detection systems is often degraded by, e.g., changes in the illumination intensity of the light source, foreground-background contrast variations or automatic gain control from the camera. In order to avoid such degradation effects, we present a block-based L1-norm-circuit architecture which is configurable for different image-cell sizes, cell-based feature descriptors and image resolutions according to customization parameters from the circuit input. The incorporated flexibility in both the image resolution and the cell size for multi-scale image pyramids leads to lower computational complexity and power consumption. Additionally, an object-detection prototype for performance evaluation in 65 nm CMOS implements the proposed L1-norm circuit together with a histogram of oriented gradients (HOG) descriptor and a support vector machine (SVM) classifier. The proposed parallel architecture with high hardware efficiency enables real-time processing, high detection robustness, small chip-core area as well as low power consumption for multi-scale object detection.
pH- and temperature-dependent phase behavior of a PEO-PPO-PEO-based pentablock copolymer in aqueous media (2008)

We investigated the structural features of micelles formed by the self-association of the pentablock copolymer poly[ N,N -(diethyl amino)ethyl methacrylate]-block-poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(propylene oxide)-block-poly(ethyleneoxide)-block-poly[ N,N -(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] (PDEAEM-PEO-PPO-PEO-PDEAEM) in aqueous solutions by using small-angle neutron scattering SANS. The pentablock copolymer solutions exhibit micellar and gel phases in response to changes in both the temperature and pH by virtue of (1) the lower critical solution temperature of the PPO blocks and (2) the polyelectrolyte character of the pendant PDEAEM blocks. Two modeling schemes were employed to describe the SANS data of semidilute copolymer solutions at higher temperature as they contain interacting charged micelles at pH<7.5 and interacting neutral micelles at higher pH. We have elucidated the structures of the micelles in terms of size, shape, polydispersity, association number, number density, and surface charge. At low pH the charged spherical micelles are less packed with the copolymers presumably due to the electrostatic repulsion between the charged pendant groups. On the other hand, at higher pH the hydrophobic character of the neutral pendant groups enable them to sequester within the micelle core along with the PPO, thus increasing the number density and the core size of the spherical micelles. At higher copolymer concentration reversible thermoresponsive sol-gel transitions were observed at all pH conditions and the rheological behavior of the gels nicely correlates with different organization of micelles with different shapes.
Large extinction ratio optical electrowetting shutter (2016)

A large extinction ratio optical shutter has been demonstrated using electrowetting liquids. The device is based on switching between a liquid-liquid interface curvature that produces total internal reflection and one that does not. The interface radius of curvature can be tuned continuously from 9 mm at 0 V to -45 mm at 26 V. Extinction ratios from 55.8 to 66.5 dB were measured. The device shows promise for ultracold chip-scale atomic clocks.
Estimating Processing Times within Context-aware Manufacturing Systems (2015)

Due to high volatility and dynamics in today's markets, manufacturers are required to react more quickly (e.g. frequent changeovers of products) to changing environments, but still ensure efficient production plans and accurate throughput estimates. Since, generally, processing times of machines are not fixed and depend on several variables, such as product type or material quality, accurate estimations of these times need to be available as basis for implementing production plans. Therefore, calculating high-accuracy estimates of processing times of all activities involved in manufacturing is an important task. The employment of statistical learning models (e.g. regression) for processing time estimations is not straightforward, since there are many situational dependencies to take into account. We refer to such dependencies as manufacturing context and propose a framework that integrates context information into a flexible production planning and scheduling scenario. We show that for frequent product changeovers, it is crucial to continuously adapt processing time estimators to the corresponding situation. Our approach shows increasing stability and accuracy of processing time estimates compared to state-of-the-art adaptive learning models. These estimates ensure more reliable production plans, and furthermore, context also reveals variables that influence estimation accuracy.
Stability of information in Bloch line memories (1991)

The wall state stability of magnetic bubbles in ferrimagnetic as-grown garnet films suitable for Bloch line memory applications is investigated in order to predict the stability of vertical Bloch line pairs. In the experiment (1, 0) and (0, 2) bubbles are subjected to fast bias pulses (15-ns width) and to an in-plane field. It is found that the winding line pair present in a (0, 2) bubble can be annihilated, resulting in a (1, 0) final state. On the other hand, a (1, 0) bubble can be switched into a (0, 2) bubble with different experimental conditions. These nonconservative switching processes are in most cases irreversible. However, the switching probability never reaches 100%. An interpretation of the annihilation mechanism is given, and the consequences for devices are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Nanotechnology Applications in Viscoelastic-Surfactant Stimulation Fluids (2007)

Abstract Viscoelastic surfactant (VES) fluids have been widely used in the oil industry as completion and stimulation fluids. The surfactants structurally arrange to form rod-like micelles that increase VES fluid viscosity for regular fracturing and frac-packing fluids. However, high fluid leak-off and low viscosities at elevated temperatures have limited VES fluids for hydraulic fracturing and frac-packing applications. This paper will introduce a nanotechnology application for maintaining viscosity at high temperatures and controlling the fluid loss of VES fluid, without generating formation damage. The nanometer-scale particles studied display unusual surface morphologies and have high surface reactivity. These nanometer-scale particles, through chemisorption and surface charge attraction, associate with VES micelles to: 1) stabilize fluid viscosity at high temperatures; and 2) produce a pseudo-filtercake of viscous VES fluid that significantly reduces the rate of fluid loss and improves fluid efficiency. When internal breakers are used to break the VES micelles, the fluid will dramatically lose its viscosity and the pseudo-filtercake will then break into nanometer-sized particles. Since the particles are small enough to pass through the pore throat of producing formations, they will be flowed back with the producing fluids, and no damage will be generated. The results of rheology, leak-off and core flow tests will be presented for the VES fluid systems at temperatures 150°F and 250°F.
Synthesis of Bryostatin Analogues (2008)

Bryostatin 1 is a potent antineoplastic agent that restores apoptotic function, stimulates the immune system and reverses multidrug resistance through its modulation of protein kinase C (PKC). It also enhances cognition and memory in animals. Only 1.5 mg of bryostatin 1 is needed for an eight-week clinical treatment cycle. The Wender group’s synthesis of the simpler analogue depicted features an exceptionally efficient Prins-driven macrocyclization that is one of the most complex examples of any Prins cyclization.
Surveillance in long-distance turbulence-degraded videos (2013)

Surveillance in long-distance turbulence-degraded video is a difficult challenge because of the effects of the atmospheric turbulence that causes blur and random shifts in the image. As imaging distances increase, the degradation effects become more significant. This paper presents a method for surveillance in long-distance turbulence-degraded videos. This method is based on employing new criteria for discriminating true from false object detections. We employ an adaptive thresholding procedure for background subtraction, and implement new criteria for distinguishing true from false moving objects, that take into account the temporal consistency of both shape and motion properties. Results show successful detection also tracking of moving objects on challenging video sequences, which are significantly distorted with atmospheric turbulence. However, when the imaging distance is increased higher false alarms may occur. The method presented here is relatively efficient and has low complexity.
Additional file 1: Table S1. of Small RNA profiles in soybean primary root tips under water deficit (2016)

The normalized abundances of individual conserved miRNAs. (XLSX 46 kb)
Effect of Dilute Polymer Additives on the Acoustic Cavitation Threshold of Water (1984)

Measurements are presented of the variation of the acoustic cavitation threshold of water with concentration of the polymer additives polyethylene oxide and guar gum. It was found that small amounts of these additives could significantly increase the cavitation threshold. A theoretical model, based upon nucleation of a gas bubble from a Harvey-type crevice in a mote or solid particle, is developed that gives good agreement with the measurements. The applicability of this approach to an explanation of cavitation index reduction in flow-generated or confined jet cavitation, when polymer additives are introduced, is discussed.
Towards unsupervised detection of actions in clutter (2003)

In this paper, we describe a characterization of visual action that encodes a local photometry via a choice of interest operators and global dynamics via a realization of a stochastic dynamical model. In order to allow action detection in clutter, it is necessary for the corresponding models to have a compositional property, in that a simple action (e.g. foreground action) can be detected within a more complex one (e.g. foreground and background actions). We show that this is the case for the model we propose, which can therefore be used as a basis for building models of dynamic scenes from images without explicit supervision, by composing a complex action from a collection of elementary ones.
Interfacial fracture toughness between glassy polymer networks (2003)

Abstract The interfacial fracture energy, G c , between glassy crosslinked polystyrene samples was studied with the symmetric double‐cantilever beam test. Compression‐molded polystyrene slabs were crosslinked by γ irradiation in vacuo . The fracture samples were prepared by the welding of two crosslinked polystyrene slabs under contact pressure for 1 h at 150 °C, which was above the glass‐transition temperature for polystyrene (≅104 °C). The fracture toughness tests were performed at room temperature. The interfacial fracture energy was studied as a function of the crosslink density of the slabs. It was found that the interfacial fracture energy decreased with increasing crosslink density. A least‐squares fit of the data showed that the interfacial fracture energy scaled as N , where N c is the weight‐average chain length between crosslinks (in number of monomer units). A comparison with the predictions made by different models on weak interfaces was made. It was found that if the loops of the network were identified as the connectors responsible for adhesion at the glassy network‐network interfaces, the model by Xu et al. predicted that G c would scale as N , consistent with the trends in the data. Using the expression for G c from this model to fit the data the value for the static friction constant per monomer for polystyrene was found to be f mono = 3.5 ± 0.7 × 10 −12 N/monomer, in good agreement with the values found in the literature. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 1902–1908, 2003
Programmable directed micro-assembly (2021)

We aim to develop the capability to rapidly sort, place, and orient micro objects into custom positions and transfer them to a final substrate eventually at costs similar to laser printers assembling toner particles onto paper. We are using programmable directed electrostatic parallel control to move particles from random to ordered patterns. Such a process could enable significantly more heterogeneity, complexity and customizability in material and device integration. We summarize experimental results including assembly and transfer microchip and microbeads at the 1um to 250um size scale, combined with transfer (including roll-roll based) to a final substrate.
Spatial and temporal limits of vision in the achromat. (1986)

Threshold detection for sine-wave grating stimuli of varying spatial and temporal frequency was used to investigate the nature of spatial and temporal post-receptoral sensitivity in the typical, complete achromat. Threshold spatial and temporal sensitivities under low photopic conditions show no evidence of cone function. The abrupt fall-off in sensitivity is consistent with known psychophysical and electrophysiological measures of rod saturation. Threshold spatial and temporal sensitivities under scotopic conditions are identical in form and absolute sensitivity to that of the normal scotopic system. Spatial and temporal acuity measurements substantiate the above conclusions based on contrast sensitivity. We conclude that the typical and complete achromat possesses only a normal functioning rod post-receptoral mechanism.
Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of Electric Field Induced Second Harmonic Generation in Tetrathia[7]helicenes (2008)

In this paper, we report the first systematic experimental and theoretical investigation of the electric field induced second harmonic response of some tetrathia[7]helicene-based NLOphores. We studied six model compounds carrying the NO2, CH═CHCN, and COCF3 units as accepting groups on both the terminal thiophene positions as well as on the central benzene ring of the helicene backbone. These groups, known to be of medium and medium-strong accepting strength, allow tuning of both the electronic and structural properties of the helicenes studied. This experimental/theoretical study should set a milestone in addressing new structure-properties relationship of this class of nonconventional chiral chromophores able to show second order as well as third order NLO phenomena.
Engineered Escherichia coli platforms for tyrosine-derivative production from phenylalanine using phenylalanine hydroxylase and tetrahydrobiopterin-regeneration system (2023)

We developed novel E. coli platforms for producing tyrosine from phenylalanine at multi-gram-per-liter levels in test-tube cultivation. The platforms allowed development and evaluation of microbial cell factories installing various designed tyrosine-derivative biosynthetic pathways at multi-grams-per-liter levels in test tubes.
ChemInform Abstract: Miniemulsion Polymerization and the Structure of Polymer and Hybrid Nanoparticles (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
High‐intensity focused ultrasound treatment for open angle glaucoma (2016)

Summary Many physical methods have been proposed to destroy the ciliary body, resulting in coagulation necrosis following heating (laser) or freezing (cryotherapy). These methods have two major drawbacks: they are nonselective for the target tissue and have an unpredictable dose–effect relationship. To overcome these drawbacks and take advantage of recent breakthroughs in the field of high‐intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) technology, a new device was developed to achieve a selective coagulation of the ciliary body while sparing the adjacent structures. This device is a ring‐shaped probe with six miniaturized HIFU transducers. Experimental studies have shown a selective coagulation of the treated ciliary processes. Four clinical studies have been conducted. The first one was a pilot study designed to evaluate the safety in a small number of eyes with refractory and advanced glaucoma. The two other studies were multicenter studies designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety in eyes with open‐angle glaucoma and less advanced disease, but still refractory to filtering surgery. Since these studies have demonstrated a nice tolerability, a fourth study was conducted in patients with early glaucoma naïve of any previous filtering surgery.
Alterations in cellular calcium handling as a result of systemic calcium deficiency in the developing chick embryo: I. Erythrocytes (1992)

Chick embryos rendered calcium (Ca) deficient by shell-less (SL) culture develop hypertension and tachycardia. Since hypocalcemia is accompanied by hypernatremia systemically but not by lower cellular Ca (Koide and Tuan, 1989), we speculate that cellular Ca handling may be altered in the SL embryo, perhaps involving Na transport. Using erythrocytes (RBC) from day-14 SL and normal (NL) embryos as the experimental cell, cellular Ca handling was studied under varying extracellular osmotic and ionic conditions by analyzing 45Ca uptake and cell volume regulation. Two agents, p-chloromercuriphenylsulfonate (PCM), and inosine/iodoacetamide (INI) were used to treat the RBCs to modify plasma membrane ion permeability and to deplete cellular ATP, respectively. Other cellular functions and activities related to Ca homeostasis, including ATP content and Ca(2+)-ATPase activity, were also analyzed. These analyses showed: (1) in NaCl, Ca uptake was similar in NL and SL cells, except after INI treatment, which resulted in slower Ca uptake by the SL cells, (2) in choline and sucrose, Ca uptake by SL RBCs was higher, (3) Ca uptake by RBCs of both embryos changed depending on the osmotic agent (Na < K < or = choline < sucrose), (4) Ca(2+)-ATPase activity was higher in SL RBC, although there was no change in the size or charge of the enzyme, and (5) in any osmotic agent, cellular Na was significantly lower, whereas cellular K was higher, in SL RBC. Based on these results, three features of RBC Ca handling were apparent: (1) Na-Ca exchange was functional and was more active in SL RBCs, (2) Ca uptake was dependent on the total ionic electrochemical gradient but not on bulk H2O movement, and (3) Ca pumping out capacity was directly correlated with Ca(2+)-ATPase activity. Elevated Ca uptake in sucrose-treated SL RBC is therefore indicative of its greater ion permeability. Taken together, these findings indicate that cellular Ca handling of the RBCs of SL chick embryos is characterized by a more active Na-Ca exchange system, greater ion permeability, and higher Ca pumping out capacity, thereby suggesting an up-regulated Ca handling function in the SL RBCs. The abnormal cellular Ca handling may be a direct result of the systemic Ca deficiency of the SL chick embryo and may be functionally related to its hypertension and tachycardia.
RNA-Binding Protein VICKZ Is Expressed in a Germinal Center Associated Pattern among Lymphoma Subtypes. (2005)

Abstract Recent effort in the molecular characterization of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) has led to the recognition that patients with DLBCL of germinal center origin exhibit a better overall survival. Thus, identification and characterization of markers of germinal center derivation are of importance in dissecting prognostic subclasses of DLBCL. The VICKZ (Vg1 RBP/Vera, IMP1, 2, 3, CRD-BP, KOC, ZBP-1) family members are RNA-binding proteins that recognize specific RNA targets and have been implicated in diverse cellular functions including cell polarity, migration, proliferation and tumorigenesis/metastasis. We generated an antibody that recognizes all three isoforms of VICKZ protein and characterized its expression in normal lymphoid tissue and in lymphoma subtypes. In normal tonsils, VICKZ protein showed a germinal center-specific pattern of expression with staining localized to the cytoplasm. Among 868 non-Hodgkin and Hodgkin lymphomas tested by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays, staining for VICKZ protein was present in 76% (126/165) of follicular lymphoma, 78% (155/200) of DLBCL, 90% (9/10) of mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma, and 100% (2/2) of Burkitt lymphoma. A subset of mantle cell lymphoma (11%, 2/19), extranodal (8%, 2/25), and nodal (20%, 1/5) marginal zone lymphoma and lymphoblastic lymphoma (25%, 4/13), showed VICKZ staining. The majority of lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin (92%, 12/13) and classical Hodgkin (94%, 101/108) lymphoma were found to be positive. Among T cell lymphoma, anaplastic large cell lymphoma were positive (75%, 6/9). Additional work is in progress to correlate VICKZ protein expression with other germinal center markers such as HGAL, BCL6 and CD10 as well as with prognostic subclasses of DLBCL. The differential expression pattern of VICKZ protein in lymphoma subtypes suggests a potential utility for VICKZ in the identification of subgroups of DLBCL associated with different prognoses.