gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Creep and Densification During Sintering of Glass Powder Compacts (1987)

The simultaneous creep and densification of glass powder compacts was studied as a function of low applied uniaxial stress, temperature, and particle size. The creep rate can be expressed as the sum of the contribution from the applied stress that varies linearly with stress, and a contribution due to anisotropic densification that varies linearly with the densification rate. For a constant applied stress, the ratio of the creep rate to the densification rate is almost independent of both termperature and density. While these observations are consistent with the model of Scherer for the viscous sintering of glass, other observations show significant deviations from the model. Both the densification rate and the creep viscosity, which has an exponential dependence on porosity, show much stronger dependence on density compared with theoretical predictions.
Distributed Augmented Reality with 3D Lung Dynamics - A Planning Tool Concept (2007)

Augmented Reality (AR) systems add visual information to the world by using advanced display techniques. The advances in miniaturization and reduced costs make some of these systems feasible for applications in a wide set of fields. We present a potential component of the cyber infrastructure for the operating room of the future; a distributed AR based software-hardware system that allows real-time visualization of 3D lung dynamics superimposed directly on the patient's body. Several emergency events (e.g. closed and tension pneumothorax) and surgical procedures related to the lung (e.g. lung transplantation, lung volume reduction surgery, surgical treatment of lung infections, lung cancer surgery) could benefit from the proposed prototype.
Evidence for Muon Neutrino Oscillation in an Accelerator-Based Experiment (2005)

We present results for nu(mu) oscillation in the KEK to Kamioka (K2K) long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment. K2K uses an accelerator-produced nu(mu) beam with a mean energy of 1.3 GeV directed at the Super-Kamiokande detector. We observed the energy-dependent disappearance of nu(mu), which we presume have oscillated to nu(tau). The probability that we would observe these results if there is no neutrino oscillation is 0.0050% (4.0 sigma).
Brain stimulation and epilepsy: electrical stimulus characteristics (2020)

The term ‘deep brain stimulation’ dates back to the 1970s. It is generally used to refer to electrical stimulation therapies that require placement of the stimulating lead into the brain using stereotaxic techniques. Neurostimulation technology can be used by the clinician to artificially depolarize or hyper-polarize nervous tissue. It is based on the fundamental electrical properties of the nervous system. Electrical stimulation of the nervous system is an alternative way to modulate the sub-circuits of the central nervous system (CNS) with the possibility of greater specificity. The CNS is the quintessential neural network. Neurostimulation is one means to modulate the information-processing activity of the CNS. Reduced to its simplest form, a neuro-stimulator consist of a power supply, a pair of electrodes in contact with the tissue, extension wires to connect the electrodes to the battery and a ‘switch’ that enables the power to be intermittently connected to the electrodes.
Comparison of von Willebrand factor platelet‐binding activity assays: ELISA overreads type 2B with loss of HMW multimers (2020)

Different assay principles may lead to discrepant results for certain VWD types or mutations. Therefore, a more extensive study for a large number of patients is needed to better characterize the incidence and relevance of such assay-specific differences.
bcl-2 gene transfer increases relative resistance of S49.1 and WEHI7.2 lymphoid cells to cell death and DNA fragmentation induced by glucocorticoids and multiple chemotherapeutic drugs. (1992)

The S49.1 and WEHI7.2 murine lymphoid cell lines have been used extensively as models for investigations of programmed cell death ("apoptosis") induced by glucocorticoids such as dexamethasone. Infection of these thymus-derived T-cell lines with a recombinant retrovirus encoding the human M(r) 26,000 Bcl-2 oncoprotein resulted in marked resistance to DEX-mediated cell death and DNA degradation into oligonucleosomal fragments, without interfering with the ability of dexamethasone to suppress cellular proliferation and without lowering levels of glucocorticoid receptors. In contrast, high levels of p26-Bcl-2 production did not block cell killing and DNA fragmentation induced by H2O2, suggesting that the Bcl-2 impairs some but not all pathways for cell death in S49.1 and WEHI7.2 cells that are associated with the DNA fragmentation pattern typical of apoptosis. S49.1 and WEHI7.2 cells infected with bcl-2 but not control retrovirus also exhibited increased resistance to cell killing and DNA fragmentation induced by a wide variety of reagents, including the calcium ionophore ionomycin, the phorbol ester tetradecanoylphorbol acetate, the dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor methotrexate, the antimetabolite 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine, and the microtubule inhibitor vincristine. These findings provide evidence that p26-Bcl-2 interferes with a pathway for cell death that is activated by multiple drugs used for the treatment of cancer.
Thermophysical Properties of the Ionic Liquids [EMIM][B(CN)4] and [HMIM][B(CN)4] (2013)

In the present study, the thermophysical properties of the tetracyanoborate-based ionic liquids (ILs) 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetracyanoborate ([EMIM][B(CN)4]) and 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium tetracyanoborate ([HMIM][B(CN)4]) obtained by both experimental methods and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are presented. Conventional experimental techniques were applied for the determination of refractive index, density, interfacial tension, and self-diffusion coefficients for [HMIM][B(CN)4] at atmospheric pressure in the temperature range from 283.15 to 363.15 K. In addition, surface light scattering (SLS) experiments provided accurate viscosity and interfacial tension data. As no complete molecular parametrization was available for the MD simulations of [HMIM][B(CN)4], our recently developed united-atom force field for [EMIM][B(CN)4] was partially transferred to the homologous IL [HMIM][B(CN)4]. Deviations between our simulated and experimental data for the equilibrium properties are less than ±0.3% in the case of density and less than ±8% in the case of interfacial tension for both ILs. Furthermore, the calculated and measured data for the transport properties viscosity and self-diffusion coefficient are in good agreement, with deviations of less than ±30% over the whole temperature range. In addition to a comparison with the literature, the influence of varying cation chain length on thermophysical properties of [EMIM][B(CN)4] and [HMIM][B(CN)4] is discussed.
Histogram-Based Prefiltering for Luminance and Chrominance Compensation of Multiview Video (2008)

Significant advances have recently been made in the coding of video data recorded with multiple cameras. However, luminance and chrominance variations between the camera views may deteriorate the performance of multiview codecs and image-based rendering algorithms. A histogram matching algorithm can be applied to efficiently compensate for these differences in a prefiltering step. A mapping function is derived which adapts the cumulative histogram of a distorted sequence to the cumulative histogram of a reference sequence. If all camera views of a multiview sequence are adapted to a common reference using histogram matching, the spatial prediction across camera views is improved. The basic algorithm is extended in three ways: a time-constant calculation of the mapping function, RGB color conversion, and the use of global disparity compensation. The best coding results are achieved when time-constant histogram calculation and RGB color conversion are combined. In this case, the usage of histogram matching prior to multiview encoding leads to substantial gains in the coding efficiency of up to 0.7 dB for the luminance component and up to 1.9 dB for the chrominance components. This prefiltering step can be combined with block-based illumination compensation techniques that modify the coder and decoder themselves, especially with the approach implemented in the multiview reference software of the joint video team (JVT). Additional coding gains up to 0.4 dB can be observed when both methods are combined.
Asymmetric Compute-and-Forward: Going beyond one hop (2014)

We consider a two-hop relay model in which multiple sources communicate with a single destination via multiple distributed relays. We propose an asymmetric Compute-and-Forward (CoF) scheme that allows lattice coding with different coarse and fine lattices at the sources. The proposed scheme is motivated by the observation that, in an asymmetric CoF system, a higher transmission power at a source does not necessarily translate to a higher achievable information rate. We show that significant performance enhancement can be achieved by optimizing the transmission powers of the sources below their respective budgets. Further, the asymmetric construction of lattice coding allows the relays to conduct different modulo operations to reduce their forwarding rates, thereby supporting higher rates at the sources. However, modulo operations in general incur information loss, and so need to be carefully designed to ensure that the destination can successfully recover the source messages. As such, we propose a novel successive recovering algorithm for decoding at the destination, and establish sufficient conditions to guarantee successful recovery. Numerical results are provided to verify the superiority of our proposed scheme over other schemes.
Interaction of outer envelope proteins of Chlamydia psittaci GPIC with the HeLa cell surface (1995)

The chlamydial life cycle involves the intimate interaction of components of the infectious elementary body (EB) surface with receptors on the susceptible eukaryotic cell plasma membrane. We have developed an in vitro ligand binding assay system for the identification and characterization of detergent-extracted EB envelope proteins capable of binding to glutaraldehyde-fixed HeLa cell surfaces. With this assay, the developmentally regulated cysteine-rich envelope protein Omp2 of Chlamydia psittaci strain guinea pig inclusion conjunctivitis was shown to bind specifically to HeLa cells. HeLa cells bound Omp2 selectively over other cell wall-associated proteins, including the major outer membrane protein, and the binding of Omp2 was abolished under conditions which alter its conformation. Furthermore, trypsin treatment, which reduces EB adherence, resulted in the proteolytic removal of a small terminal peptide of Omp2 at the EB surface and inactivated Omp2 in the ligand binding assay, while having a negligible effect on the major outer membrane protein. Collectively, our results suggest that Omp2 possesses the capacity to engage in a specific interaction with the host eukaryotic cell. We speculate that, since Omp2 is present only in the infectious EB form, the observed in vitro interaction may be representative of a determining step of the chlamydial pathogenic process.
Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization hydrogen/deuterium exchange studies to probe peptide conformational changes (1999)

Hydrogen/deuterium (H/D) exchange chemistry monitored by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry is used to study solution phase conformational changes of bradykinin, alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone, and melittin as water is added to methanol-d4, acetonitrile, and isopropanol-d8 solutions. The results are interpreted in terms of a preference for the peptides to acquire more compact conformations in organic solvents as compared to the random conformations. Our interpretation is supported by circular dichroism spectra of the peptides in the same solvent systems and by previously published structural data for the peptides. These results demonstrate the utility of MALDI-TOF as a method to monitor the H/D exchange chemistry of peptides and investigations of solution-phase conformations of biomolecules.
Management of total knee arthroplasty infection. (1991)

The treatment of infected total knee arthroplasty represents the most difficult form of revision surgery. Successful salvage of this complication can be accomplished only by extensive investment of surgical and infectious disease efforts in eradicating the infection. A two-stage reimplantation procedure for treating this condition has been the most successful functional option and should be utilized whenever possible to definitively eradicate the infection and ensure good function of the knee joint. It is the procedure of choice for younger healthy patients who can medically tolerate the protocol. Other options may be necessary as the medical condition of the patient dictates. Initial debridement with antibiotic suppression and antibiotic suppression alone have yielded limited successful results but can be accomplished only in a small number (23%) of patients.
T-cell antigen-receptor genes in autoimmune mice. (1986)

The developmental patterns of rearrangement and expression of the T-cell antigen-receptor genes are precisely regulated during T-cell differentiation and education. The beta- and gamma-subunit RNAs of the T-cell receptor are abundantly expressed in immature thymocytes. In mature thymocytes the alpha- and beta-subunit RNAs are preferentially expressed, whereas there is minimal expression of the gamma RNA. Although aspects of the pattern of known organization and rearrangement of the T-cell receptor gene in the thymus have been studied and the concept of a thymus selection process generally has been accepted, the cellular and molecular basis of thymus education remains obscure. Certain strains of mice with predilections for autoimmunity demonstrate T-cell developmental abnormalities. This is especially true for the lpr/lpr or gld/gld genotypes, in which the major population of peripheral T cells is developmentally disturbed. We have studied the development, expression, and rearrangement of T-cell receptor genes in the C3H/HeJ gld/gld mouse. Our results indicate a high level of expression of the beta and alpha RNAs in C3H/HeJ gld/gld T cells residing in the periphery. In addition, the beta-subunit gene of gld/gld peripheral T cells undergoes more rearrangements than does its normal C3H/HeJ T-cell counterparts. We speculate that this rearrangement pattern and high level of T-cell receptor mRNA reflects an abnormality or deficit in a thymus selection process that permits emigration of T cells with nonfunctionally rearranged T-cell receptor genes to secondary lymphoid organs. However, the normal level of gamma-subunit RNA expression argues that gamma-subunit gene rearrangements are distinct from processes related to alpha- and beta-subunit selection.
Surface Defects on Plate-Shaped Silver Nanoparticles Contribute to Its Hazard Potential in a Fish Gill Cell Line and Zebrafish Embryos (2012)

We investigated and compared nanosize Ag spheres, plates, and wires in a fish gill epithelial cell line (RT-W1) and in zebrafish embryos to understand the mechanism of toxicity of an engineered nanomaterial raising considerable environmental concern. While most of the Ag nanoparticles induced N-acetyl cysteine sensitive oxidative stress effects in RT-W1, Ag nanoplates were considerably more toxic than other particle shapes. Interestingly, while Ag ion shedding and bioavailability failed to comprehensively explain the high toxicity of the nanoplates, cellular injury required direct particle contact, resulting in cell membrane lysis in RT-W1 as well as red blood cells (RBC). Ag nanoplates were also considerably more toxic in zebrafish embryos in spite of their lesser ability to shed Ag into the exposure medium. To elucidate the "surface reactivity" of Ag nanoplates, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy was performed and demonstrated a high level of crystal defects (stacking faults and point defects) on the nanoplate surfaces. Surface coating with cysteine was used to passivate the surface defects and demonstrated a reduction of toxicity in RT-W1 cells, RBC, and zebrafish embryos. This study demonstrates the important role of crystal defects in contributing to Ag nanoparticle toxicity in addition to the established roles of Ag ion shedding by Ag nanoparticles. The excellent correlation between the in vitro and in vivo toxicological assessment illustrates the utility of using a fish cell line in parallel with zebrafish embryos to perform a predictive environmental toxicological paradigm.
Modeling the Sulfuric Acid Decomposition Section for Hydrogen Production. (2007)

Abstract not provided.
The Electrochemistry with Lithium versus Sodium of Selenium Confined To Slit Micropores in Carbon (2016)

Substitution of selenium for sulfur in the cathode of a rechargeable battery containing Sx molecules in microporous slits in carbon allows a better characterization of the electrochemical reactions that occur. Paired with a metallic lithium anode, the Sex chains are converted to Li2Se in a single-step reaction. With a sodium anode, a sequential chemical reaction is characterized by a continuous chain shortening of Sex upon initial discharge before completing the reduction to Na2Se; on charge, the reconstituted Sex molecules retain a smaller x value than the original Sex chain molecule. In both cases, the Se molecules remain almost completely confined to the micropore slits to give a long cycle life.
An in vitro Model of Human Retinal Detachment Reveals Successive Death Pathway Activations (2020)

AIF expression coincides with the first peak of cell death, whereas the H3K27me3 mark increases during the cell death plateau, suggesting that photoreceptor death is induced by different successive pathways after RD. This <i>in vitro</i> model should permit the identification of neuroprotective drugs with clinical relevance.
Advances in long-pulse, high power vacuum BWO operation (1995)

Summary form only given, as follows. Long-pulse, high power microwave experiments are continuing at the University of New Mexico (UNM) using a Physics International Pulserad 110A that has been modified for long-pulse operation. The Pulserad 110A originally consisted of an 11-stage Marx bank (having an energy storage capacity of 2.75 kJ) followed by a Blumlein for pulse shaping. The Blumlein has been replaced now with a parallel L-C network, as described by Cummings, and together both the Marx bank and the L-C network form a type-A pulse forming network with an output impedance of 40 /spl Omega/, a pulse duration of 500/spl sim/700 ns, and a peak voltage and current for a matched load of 570 kV and 14.3 kA. Shunt resistors placed at the output have reduced the output current to /spl sim/7.5 kA and increased the output impedance to /spl sim/76 /spl Omega/. The UNM Pulserad 110A drives an electron beam diode having an annular, knife-edge graphite cathode. The electron beam which is emitted from the cathode enters a slow-wave structure (SWS) having 12 periods with varying ripple amplitudes. Beam current and cathode voltage are monitored with self-integrating Rogowski coils and a capacitive voltage divider, respectively.
Front Matter: Volume 10100 (2017)

This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 10100, including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, Introduction (if any), and Conference Committee listing.
Relationship between Sensory and Instrumental Analysis for Tomato Flavor (1998)

The major components of flavor in tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and other fruit are thought to be sugars, acids, and flavor volatiles. Tomato overall acceptability, tomato-like flavor, sweetness, and sourness for six to nine tomato cultivars were analyzed by experienced panels using a nine-point scale and by trained descriptive analysis panels using a 15-cm line scale for sweetness, sourness, three to five aroma and three to seven taste descriptors in three seasons. Relationships between sensory data and instrumental analyses, including flavor volatiles, soluble solids (SS), individual sugars converted to sucrose equivalents (SE), titratable acidity (TA), pH, SS/TA, and SE/TA, were established using correlation and multiple linear regression. For instrumental data, SS/TA, SE/TA, TA, and cis -3-hexenol correlated with overall acceptability ( P = 0.05); SE, SE/TA ( P ≤0.03), geranylacetone, 2+3-methylbutanol and 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one ( P = 0.11) with tomato-like flavor; SE, pH, cis -3-hexenal, trans -2-hexenal, hexanal, cis -3-hexenol, geranylacetone, 2+3-methylbutanol, trans -2 heptenal, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, and 1-nitro-2-phenylethane ( P ≤0.11) with sweetness; and SS, pH, acetaldehyde, aceton, 2-isobutylthiazole, geranlyacetone, β-ionone, ethanol, hexanal and cis -3-hexenal with sourness ( P ≤0.15) for experienced or trained panel data. Measurements for SS/TA correlated with overall taste ( P =0.09) and SS with astringency, bitter aftertaste, and saltiness ( P ≤0.07) for trained panel data. In addition to the above mentioned flavor volatiles, methanol and 1-penten-3-one significantly affected sensory responses ( P = 0.13) for certain aroma descriptors. Levels of aroma compounds affected perception of sweetness and sourness and measurements of SS showed a closer relationship to sourness, astringency, and bitterness than to sweetness.
Electric Field Enhancing Artifacts as Precursors for Vacuum High-Voltage Breakdown (2019)

Abrupt formation of plasma in a high-voltage insulating vacuum gap and subsequent discharge of electrodes limits the reliability of a class of vacuum electronic devices, such as X-ray tubes. It has been suggested that electron field emission from negatively charged electrodes would precede and initiate such discharge. Heating and evaporation of material upon field emission would cause dense plasma to develop in periods of nanoseconds. High-pressure plasma would expand from the cathode, eventually bridging the gap. Nevertheless, the very reason for the unredictable initial development of discharge events after long periods of reliable operation is still matter of debate. Experience from industrial processes suggests hydrocarbon contamination to degrade the electric stability of high-voltage gaps. While former attempts aimed at explaining high field emission by carbonaceous 2D structures or surface resonance effects, this paper discusses whether 3D structures may grow slowly, until their evaporation in a matter of nanoseconds. Similar to the production of carbon nanotubes, protruding structures might comprise carbon and, in addition, metallic nanoparticles, which would boost production of vapor during their explosion. The hypothesis was tested by scanning electron and energy-dispersive X-ray inspection of two cathodes of medical X-ray tubes, covered with metallic seed nanoparticles, which served as model systems. A third cleaner cathode was inspected for comparison. Although certain suggested conditions of carbon feed, elevated substrate temperature and nanoparticle contamination of the surfaces were met, images showed only a very weak sign of growth of suspicious carbon structures. It seems, therefore, unlikely that CNT-like structures are a major cause of high-voltage breakdown between electrodes of X-ray tubes.