gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
1A1-X04 Research of Tunable Superconducting Filter with Dielectric Drive Mechanism using Piezoelectric-Element Displacement Magnifying Mechanism (2015)

We propose a new tunable mechanism of a superconducting filter. The basic operation of the tunable method is realized by changing the gap length of the dielectric rod on the maximum electric field point at the edges of the resonator pattern. Thus, this tunable mechanism is composed of a substrate of High-Tc superconducting filter, piezoelectric actuators using piezoelectric element displacement magnifying mechanism, dielectric rods of sapphire in the vacuum chamber. The tuning range is 2.17MHz at 1GHz band with a maximum dielectric displacement of 101μm.
Discovery of New Broad-Spectrum Anti-Infectives for Eukaryotic Pathogens Using Bioorganometallic Chemistry (2023)

Simple derivatives of the well-known antifungal drug fluconazole were found to be highly effective <i>in vivo</i> against fungal infections, and also potent against the parasitic nematode <i>Brugia,</i> which causes lymphatic filariasis and against <i>Trichuris,</i> one of the soil-transmitted helminths that infects millions of people globally.
Fullerene(C60)-immunoconjugates: Interaction of customized water-soluble C60 derivatives with the murine anti-gp240 melanoma antibody (2006)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006

3085 

We are striving to develop fullerene immunotherapy (FIT) using C60 and shortened carbon nanotube nanoparticles as scaffolds and containment vessels for chemotherapeutics and radionuclides.1,2 First experiments have focused on the preparation and characterization of C60-immunoconjugates derived from a murine anti-gp240 melanoma antibody(ZME-018) and the two water-soluble C60 derivatives shown below, where only the C60-SPDP derivative can form covalent bonds with the antibody. Studies have demonstrated that immunoconjugates composed of ZME-018 and various toxins are rapidly internalized into human melanoma cells in culture.3 Moreover, these conjugates effectively locate into melanoma xenographs after systemic administration and demonstrate impressive cytotoxic effects against established tumors in orthotopic models. A single-drug chemotherapeutic agent such as the recently reported C60-paclitaxel conjugate1 might be employed for FIT, but the real advantage of FIT over other immunotherapies is the potential for attachment of multiple (and possibly different) drugs to the C60 scaffold in order to create targeted, single-dosed “drug cocktails”. Results from the formation of the two C60 immunoconjugates mirrored one another, with the concentration of C60 in the C60-SPDP-(ZME-018) conjugate being 6 μM for a (C60:antibody) ratio of 35:1 compared with 15 μM in the C60-Ser-(ZME-018) conjugate for a (C60:antibody) ratio of 100:1. This result suggests that covalent bond formation between C60 derivatives and antibodies may not be a requirement for the development of FIT. 1Zakharian, T. Y.; et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 12508-12509. 2Mackeyev, Y. A.; et al. J. Phys. Chem. B 2005, 109, 5482-5484. 3Kirkwood, J. M.; et al. J. Clin. Oncol. 1987, 8, 1247-1255.



![Figure][1] [1]: pending:yes
<title>The Holyoke Industrial Energy Conservation And Development Program</title> (1982)

An innovative approach to the development of a model system for comprehensive industrial sector thermographic investigations and inspections will be taken during the winter of 1981-82 in Holyoke, MA. Infrared thermography techniques will be utilized for cost effective identification of building and process heat losses. The Holyoke program provides for a wide range of energy conservation services and will result in the implementation of no-cost, low-cost, and cost-effective capital intensive measures financed through a cooperative effort of government and private funding.
Reaction of Cyclic Tetrathiophosphates with Carboxylic Acids as a Means to Generate Dithioesters and Control Radical Polymerization By RAFT (2003)

Radikalkettenpolymerisationen von Styrol mit (Meth)acrylsäuremethylester können durch eine Kombination aus Davy-Reagentien oder P4S10 und Benzoesäure kontrolliert werden. In situ gebildete Dithioester (siehe Schema) steuern als Kettenüberträger die Reaktion. Im System P4S10/PhCOOH ist Dithiobenzoesäure ein Schlüsselintermediat.
Thermal Modeling of 3D Polylithic Integration and Implications on BEOL RRAM Performance (2020)

This paper presents thermal evaluation of a back-end-of-line (BEOL)-embedded chiplet integration scheme for dense 3D heterogeneous integration, where custom chiplets are embedded into the BEOL of an application processor tier and a monolithic memory device tier. Dielectric thermal conductivity study suggests that 3D ICs might require heat-sinking from multiple sides and, potentially, advanced backend heat spreading using higher thermal conductivity dielectric materials. The impact of 3D integration and cooling architectures on resistive random access memory (RRAM) reliability is quantified by estimating image recognition accuracy over time for a deep neural network hardware model. The worst-case accuracy drop at 10 years was estimated as 82% for air-cooling compared to 2% for liquid cooling.
A Root-Finding Method for Assessing SRAM Stability (2008)

In this paper, we propose a closed form method to evaluate the read stability of an SRAM cell via quartic root finding. By utilizing a simplified MOSFET device model, we model SRAM cell stability by a system of quartic equations. The algebraic nature of the equations along with simplified region boundaries provide the insight that only a few combinations of device operating regions correspond to the stability of the cell, instead of 729 combinations in the brutal force approach. Such an insight not only makes it possible to have a quick "litmus test" to determine cell stability under variability, but also significantly speeds up the analysis, compared to a traditional SPICE approach. Experimental results using industrial bulk CMOS models show that the results are in excellent agreement with SPICE results and 65times faster.
Free-space optical transmission with orbital angular momentum division multiplexing (2011)

The experimental demonstration of a free-space optical transmission system with orbital angular momentum (OAM) division multiplexing is reported. Two beams have been multiplexed with different values of the azimuthal index l, and hence carrying different OAM, at a wavelength of 1550 nm. The first beam (l = 0) is nearly Gaussian and it features an OAM equal to zero. The second beam (l = 1) is an optical vortex produced by means of a suitable computer-generated hologram, which shows an intensity pattern with a doughnut shape and possesses an OAM of –h per photon. A binary intensity modulation at 1.25 Gbit/s has been applied to each OAM channel and an interferometer with Dove prisms has been exploited for OAM demultiplexing.
Combined use of MammaPrint and molecular subtyping profile (BluePrint) to identify subgroups with marked differences in response to neoadjuvant treatment. (2011)

42 Background: Concordance between the IHC receptor status and the molecular subtype suggests that molecular profiles represent oncogenic processes that are driven by pathways in which ER, PR and HER2 play pivotal roles. It is, therefore, likely that the use of gene expression arrays will enable the identification of previously unappreciated subtypes of breast cancer that differ in clinical outcomes. Methods: The cohort consists of 133 (T1-4, N0-3) breast cancer patients treated with T/FAC neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Genome wide expression data was publicly available and downloaded from bioinformatics.mdanderson.org/pubdata.html. The data was used to determine the response to T/FAC neoadjuvant chemotherapy for patients stratified by MammaPrint and molecular subtype (BluePrint). The MammaPrint and BluePrint result were used to subtype the patients into 4 groups: MammaPrint Low-risk/Luminal-type, MammaPrint High-risk/Luminal-type, Basal-type and ERBB2-type. Results: Within this patient cohort, 20% (n=27) were classified as Basal-type, 62% (n=82) as Luminal-type, and 18% (n=24) as ERBB2-type. The overall pCR of this patient cohort was 26% and differed substantially among the subgroups. pCR was observed in 9% of all Luminal-type samples (i.e. 3% of MammaPrint Low Risk/Luminal-type and 11% of MammaPrint High Risk/Luminal-type), in 50% of the ERBB2-type samples and in 56% of the Basal-type samples. The pCR rates observed for the ERBB2-type and Basal-type patient groups were higher compared to classification based on IHC/CISH assessed ER and HER2 receptor status: 50% for ERBB2-type versus 39% for HER2+ and 56% for Basal-type versus 47% for ER-/HER2- samples. Conclusions: We observed marked differences in response to neo-adjuvant treatment in groups stratified by MammaPrint and BluePrint. These findings confirm differences in chemotherapy response among molecular subgroups and indicate that the BluePrint profile described here will help to further establish a clinical correlation between molecular subtyping and treatment response.
Profiling of carbohydrate mixtures at unprecedented resolution using high-precision1H-13C chemical shift measurements and a reference library (2013)

Complex mixtures of carbohydrates pose distinct challenges in routine and high-throughput analysis, so that only a few carbohydrate components are routinely resolved and identified in biofluids, extracts, foods and other complex mixtures. Here, we conduct precise measurements of (1)H and (13)C anomeric chemical shifts to construct a reference library of specific carbohydrate signals with high-resolution two-dimensional (1)H-(13)C NMR spectra. High-resolution multidimensional NMR spectra largely abolish resolution problems in carbohydrate analysis with state-of-the-art instrumentation. Accurate measurements of anomeric (1)H-(13)C chemical shifts at parts per billion precisions permit robust carbohydrate identification using a very limited number of instrument-independent reference values.
An integer linear programming approach for finding deregulated subgraphs in regulatory networks (2011)

Deregulation of cell signaling pathways plays a crucial role in the development of tumors. The identification of such pathways requires effective analysis tools that facilitate the interpretation of expression differences. Here, we present a novel and highly efficient method for identifying deregulated subnetworks in a regulatory network. Given a score for each node that measures the degree of deregulation of the corresponding gene or protein, the algorithm computes the heaviest connected subnetwork of a specified size reachable from a designated root node. This root node can be interpreted as a molecular key player responsible for the observed deregulation. To demonstrate the potential of our approach, we analyzed three gene expression data sets. In one scenario, we compared expression profiles of non-malignant primary mammary epithelial cells derived from BRCA1 mutation carriers and of epithelial cells without BRCA1 mutation. Our results suggest that oxidative stress plays an important role in epithelial cells of BRCA1 mutation carriers and that the activation of stress proteins may result in avoidance of apoptosis leading to an increased overall survival of cells with genetic alterations. In summary, our approach opens new avenues for the elucidation of pathogenic mechanisms and for the detection of molecular key players.
B13-P-08Effectiveness of cooling temperature control on preparation of a specimen cross section (2015)

Cross Section Polisher (CP) using broad Ar ion beam irradiation can easily provide a high quality cross section without mechanical strain. However, heat-sensitive specimens have been difficult to be prepared due to heat damage genetated during milling. Even when using a cooling system to reduce heat damage on heat-sensitive specimens, excessive cooling will cause peeling at interfaces of low glass transition temperature (T g ) materials such as adhesive bond and molding material. In this report, we present an effectiveness of the cooling temperature control system we have newly developed. Figure 1 shows cross sections of adhesive bond between dull side and glossy side of Si wafers. Figures 1 (a)-(c) show cross sections prepared (a) without cooling, (b) with cooling at -150 °C (excessive cooling), and (c) with cooling at -20 °C, respectively. Without cooling, there are large openings along the dull side of the Si wafer (Fig. 1 (a)), which may be caused by heat. By excessive cooling at -150 °C, narrow gaps appeared between the dull side of the Si wafer and the adhesive bond (Fig. 1 (b)). By cooling at -20 °C, no gap was formed between the dull side of the Si wafer and the adhesive bond (Fig. 1 (c)). These results suggest that the cooling temperature control system can eliminate specimen damage caused by heat and/or excessive cooling.
Inflammation in the bovine female reproductive tract (1999)

Inflammation of the reproductive tract of a cow occurs when the physical and functional barriers to contamination are breached or specific infection occurs. Commonly, contamination occurs at parturition and to a lesser extent at estrus. Uterine contamination following calving is common, but most healthy cows are able to clear the uterus of bacteria in the first 2 to 3 wk after calving. Persistent infections are more likely to be caused by Actinomyces pyogenes. Specific venereal infections tend to be more host-adapted and produce a lower grade inflammation. Nonspecific bacterial contamination of the endometrium generally induces a neutrophilic influx into the stratum compactum and uterine lumen. Neutrophils phagocytize bacteria with the aid of opsonins in the uterine fluid. Mast cells and eosinophils may also contribute to the inflammatory reaction, which may damage the surface epithelium and release vasoactive substances that allow leakage of serum antibodies into the uterine secretions. Specific antibodies of immunoglobulin (Ig) isotype A, M, G1, and G2 in uterine secretions have been described. In model species, the immune capability of the uterus is influenced by steroid hormones, especially estradiol, which increases secretory component and both IgA and IgG content in uterine secretions and increases the activity of antigen-presenting cells in the uterus. Similar cyclic fluctuations in immune components have been described for cows, including changes in the population of subsurface cytotoxic and helper T cells and changes in the expression of major histocompatibility II antigen on surface cells.
Akt Regulates Drug-Induced Cell Death through Bcl-w Downregulation (2008)

Akt is a serine threonine kinase with a major role in transducing survival signals and regulating proteins involved in apoptosis. To find new interactors of Akt involved in cell survival, we performed a two-hybrid screening in yeast using human full-length Akt c-DNA as bait and a murine c-DNA library as prey. Among the 80 clones obtained, two were identified as Bcl-w. Bcl-w is a member of the Bcl-2 family that is essential for the regulation of cellular survival, and that is up-regulated in different human tumors, such as gastric and colorectal carcinomas. Direct interaction of Bcl-w with Akt was confirmed by immunoprecipitation assays. Subsequently, we addressed the function of this interaction: by interfering with the activity or amount of Akt, we have demonstrated that Akt modulates the amount of Bcl-w protein. We have found that inhibition of Akt activity may promote apoptosis through the downregulation of Bcl-w protein and the consequential reduction in interaction of Bcl-w with pro-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family. Our data provide evidence that Bcl-w is a new member of the Akt pathway and that Akt may induce anti-apoptotic signals at least in part through the regulation of the amount and activity of Bcl-w.
Self organized criticality of magnetic avalanches in disordered ferrimagnetic material (2022)

We observe multiple step-like jumps in a Dy-Fe-Ga-based ferrimagnetic alloy in its magnetic hysteresis curve at 2 K. The observed jumps have a stochastic character with respect to their magnitude and the critical field of occurrence, and the jumps do not show any temporal effect. The jump size distribution follows a power law variation indicating the scale invariance nature of the jumps. We have invoked a simple two-dimensional random bond Ising-type spin system to model the dynamics. Our computational work can qualitatively reproduce the jumps and their scale invariant character. It also elucidates that the flipping of antiferromagnetically coupled Dy and Fe clusters is responsible for the observed discrete avalanche-like features in the hysteresis loop. These characteristics indicate that the present phenomenon can be well described within the realm of self-organized criticality
Dynamic [18F]FET-PET/MRI using standard MRI-based attenuation correction methods (2019)

• PET/MRI using different MR-AC methods can be used for dynamic [18F]FET studies. • A meaningful segmentation of the area of interest needs to be ensured, mandating a visual validation of the delineation by an experienced reader.
Astroglial cytoprotection by erythropoietin pre‐conditioning: implications for ischemic and degenerative CNS disorders (2005)

Erythropoietin (Epo) is a glycoprotein secreted by the kidney in response to hypoxia that stimulates erythropoiesis through interaction with cell surface Epo receptors. Pre-treatment with Epo has been shown to protect neurons in models of ischemic injury. The mechanism responsible for this neuroprotection and the effects of Epo on astroglial and other non-neuronal cell populations remain unknown. In the present study, we determined whether Epo pre-treatment protects neonatal rat astrocytes from apoptotic cell death resulting from treatment with nitric oxide, staurosporine (STS) and arsenic trioxide and possible mechanisms mediating Epo-related cytoprotection. Epo (5-20 U/mL) significantly attenuated multiple hallmarks of apoptotic cell death in astroglia exposed to nitric oxide and STS but not arsenic trioxide. Epo (20 U/mL) induced mild oxidative stress as shown by increases in heme oxygenase (HO)-1 mRNA and protein expression that could be suppressed by antioxidant coadministration. Moreover, coincubation with tin-mesoporphyrin, a competitive inhibitor of HO activity, abrogated the cytoprotective effects of Epo (20 U/mL) in the face of STS treatment. Thus, induction of the ho-1 gene may contribute to the glioprotection accruing from high-dose Epo exposure. Epo may augment astroglial resistance to certain chemical stressors by oxidative stress-dependent and -independent mechanisms.
TorsionAnalyzer: exploring conformational space (2013)

Molecular conformations are used in a wide range of virtual screening applications to represent the conformational flexibility of a molecule. As the underlying conformational model has a major influence on the results of these applications, a closer insight into the conformational space of molecules is very important.

We developed a new interactive graphical software tool for conformation analysis called TorsionAnalyzer. The tool uses a predefined set of over 450 SMARTS patterns to analyze the torsion angles of an input conformation. Each pattern describes a torsion angle and is associated with frequency histograms derived from CSD [1] and PDB [2] data. For each pattern a list of allowed torsion angles was automatically derived from the torsion histograms. Rotatable bonds of a conformation are colored according to their classification into usual, borderline and unusual torsion angles, using the list of allowed angles from the corresponding patterns. This allows the user to see at a glance if one of the torsion angles of an examined conformation is out of the ordinary. The TorsionAnalyzer supports easy modification of the existing SMARTS patterns as well as the preparation and storage of different sets of patterns for different sets of molecules.
Discovery of 7-[18F]Fluorotryptophan as a Novel Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Probe for the Visualization of Tryptophan Metabolism in Vivo (2017)

Tryptophan and its metabolites are involved in different physiological and pathophysiological processes. Consequently, positron emission tomography (PET) tracers addressing tryptophan metabolic pathways should allow the detection of different pathologies like neurological disorders and cancer. Herein we report an efficient method for the preparation of fluorotryptophans labeled in different positions with <sup>18</sup>F and their biological evaluation. 4-7-[<sup>18</sup>F]Fluorotryptophans ([<sup>18</sup>F]FTrps) were prepared according to a modified protocol of alcohol-enhanced Cu-mediated radiofluorination in 30-53% radiochemical yields. In vitro experiments demonstrated high cellular uptake of 4-7-[<sup>18</sup>F]FTrps in different tumor cell lines. 4, 5-, and 6-[<sup>18</sup>F]FTrps, although stable in vitro, suffered from rapid in vivo defluorination. In contrast, 7-[<sup>18</sup>F]FTrp demonstrated a high in vivo stability and enabled a clear delineation of serotonergic areas and melatonin-producing pineal gland in rat brains. Moreover 7-[<sup>18</sup>F]FTrp accumulated in different tumor xenografts in a chick embryo CAM model. Thus, 7-[<sup>18</sup>F]FTrp represents a highly promising PET probe for imaging of Trp metabolism.
Surgical Labyrinthectomy of the Rat to Study the Vestibular System (2018)

Surgical Labyrinthectomy Of The Rat To Study The Vestibular System - Video. JoVE publishes peer-reviewed scientific video protocols to accelerate biological, medical, chemical and physical research. Watch our scientific video articles. JoVE is the world-leading producer and provider of science videos with the mission to improve scientific research, scientific journals, and education. Millions of scientists, educators and students at thousands of universities, colleges, hospitals and biopharmaceutical companies worldwide use JoVE for their research, teaching and learning.
Optical method and system for the characterization of laterally-patterned samples in integrated circuits (2023)

Disclosed is a method for characterizing a sample having a structure disposed on or within the sample, comprising the steps of applying a first pulse of light to a surface of the sample for creating a propagating strain pulse in the sample, applying a second pulse of light to the surface so that the second pulse of light interacts with the propagating strain pulse in the sample, sensing from a reflection of the second pulse a change in optical response of the sample, and relating a time of occurrence of the change in optical response to at least one dimension of the structure.
Viewing Personal Data Over Time (2009)

Desktop search applications are changing the way we interact with personal information: we have a choice of whether to view files within their traditional siloed hierarchies, or brought together in search results. In this position paper, we discuss the advantages of temporal ordering of desktop search results, and present an interface that aggregates search results over time. Author Keywords Desktop search, personal information management
Multiagent treatment of agenthood (1999)

There have been numerous attempts to provide a standardized definition ofa computational agent, but little consensus has emerged. We propose a simple test for agenthood that can be applied to a putative computational agent. Roughly, this test seeks to capture the intuition that an agent is an entity that can function as part ofa multiagent system. The test depends on the observed behavior of the supposed agent and not on the internals of it. We apply the test to some well-known kinds of systems of (supposed) agents and discuss the results. We present a formulation of the test and some variants with a semantics based on sociability. Our treatment of agenthood can thus serve as a methodological basis for evaluating putative agents and agent toolkits.