gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A study of line edge roughness in chemically amplified resist for low energy electron-beam lithography (2002)

We investigated the line edge roughness (LER) of the resist pattern in a high sensitivity resist process using low energy e-beam lithography (LEEBL). In order to explain the experimental results, we have proposed a model considering the secondary electron (SE) yield and the diffusion of SE. The results of simulation based on the proposed model indicated the following: (1) in the case of 2 keV, acceptable acid distribution is generated due to the high SE yield and the SE diffusion. As a result, a high quality resist pattern could be obtained, even if the exposure dose is below 0.5 /spl mu/C/cm/sup 2/, and (2) in the case of 50 keV, the acid generated at the unexposed area due to the proximity effect make the LER larger. Our simulation indicated that the LER of the 2 keV exposure with 0.4 /spl mu/C/cm/sup 2/ is smaller than that of the 50 keV exposure with 2 /spl mu/C/cm/sup 2/ 2. From these results, we think that high sensitivity resist process at the exposure dose below 0.5 /spl mu/C/cm/sup 2/ can be achieved in LEEBL.
Gene Therapy (2016)

This Glossary of Terms Related to Pharmaceutics is needed by practitioners in the field of pharmaceutics as this field fulfills an important and crucial role, different from the roles of other scientific disciplines involved in the drugmaking process. The glossary contains 168 definitions used in pharmaceutics. These are related to various aspects of this discipline, such as: (1) physicochemical characterization of pharmaceutical preparations and the active ingredients they contain; (2) unit operations used in the practice of pharmaceutics; (3) terms related to the various dosage forms; (4) terms related to the various modes and routes of drug delivery; (5) terms used in pharmacokinetics and biopharmaceutics in general; and additional miscellaneous terms. The field of pharmaceutics itself is of a multidisciplinary nature as its practitioners come from a variety of disciplines, such as chemistry or various biological sciences, thus a glossary containing authoritative definitions would be useful for them. The terms used in pharmaceutics are rarely covered by existing glossaries, and in the cases they are, their definitions are often inappropriate for the field of pharmaceutics and require new or modified definitions to better fit the new context.
Nanosilk Increases the Strength of Diabetic Skin and Delivers CNP-miR146a to Improve Wound Healing (2020)

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder associated with properties and an increased risk of chronic wounds due to sustained pro-inflammatory response. We have previously of radical scavenging cerium oxide nanoparticles (CNP) conjugated to the anti-inflammatory microRNA (miR)-146a, termed CNP-miR146a, improves diabetic wound healing by synergistically lowering oxidative stress and inflammation, and we sought to evaluate this treatment in a topical application. Silk fibroin is a biocompatible polymer that can be fabricated into nanostructures, termed nanosilk. Nanosilk is characterized by a high strength-to-density ratio and an ability to exhibit strain hardening. We therefore hypothesized that nanosilk would strengthen the biomechanical properties of diabetic skin and that nanosilk solution could effectively deliver CNP-miR146a to improve diabetic wound healing. The ability of nanosilk to deliver CNP-miR146a to murine diabetic wounds and improve healing was assessed by the rate of wound closure and inflammatory gene expression, as well as histologic analysis. The effect of nanosilk on the properties of human diabetic skin was evaluated by testing the biomechanical properties following topical application of a 7% nanosilk solution. Diabetic murine wounds treated with topical nanosilk and CNP-miR146a healed by day 14.5 compared to day 16.8 in controls (p = 0.0321). Wounds treated with CNP-miR146a had higher collagen levels than controls (p = 0.0126) with higher pro-fibrotic gene expression of TGFβ-1 (p = 0.0092), Col3α1 (p = 0.0369), and Col1α2 (p = 0.0454). Treatment with CNP-miR146a lowered pro-inflammatory gene expression of IL-6 (p = 0.0488) and IL-8 (p = 0.0009). Treatment of human diabetic skin with 7% nanosilk solution resulted in significant improvement in maximum load and modulus (p < 0.05). Nanosilk solution is able to strengthen the biomechanical properties of diabetic skin and can successfully deliver CNP-miR146a to improve diabetic wound healing through inhibition of pro-inflammatory gene signaling and promotion of pro-fibrotic processes.
ALD Growth Characteristics of ZnS Films Deposited from Organozinc and Hydrogen Sulfide Precursors (2010)

Growth characteristics of zinc sulfide thin films deposited from dialkylzinc and H(2)S reactants by the atomic layer deposition technique have been investigated by quantum chemical methods. The steady-state growth of the films was simulated by studying the reaction of the Zn precursor with the hydrogenated sulfur-terminated (111) surface of zincblende ZnS and then by investigating the chemisorption of hydrogen sulfide on the surface formed by the metal exposure. The behavior of the dissociatively chemisorbed Zn precursors on the growth surface is of particular significance for the film deposition process, since the film growth is limited by the Zn deposition step. Hydrogen sulfide exposure results in the replacement of the surface alkyl groups by SH surface species, whose vibrational features are useful in the experimental verification of the developed growth mechanisms.
Asynchronous Physical-Layer Network Coding: Symbol Misalignment Estimation and Its Effect on Decoding (2017)

In asynchronous physical-layer network coding (APNC) systems, the symbols from multiple transmitters to a common receiver may be misaligned. Knowledge of the amount of symbol misalignment, hence its estimation, is important to PNC decoding. This paper addresses the problems of symbol-misalignment estimation and optimal PNC decoding given the misalignment estimate, assuming the APNC system uses the root-raised-cosine pulse to carry signals (RRC-APNC). Our contributions are as follows. First, we put forth an optimal symbol-misalignment estimator that makes use of double baud-rate samples. Second, we devise optimal RRC-APNC decoders in the presence of non-exact symbol-misalignment estimates. In particular, we show how to whiten the colored noise in the double baud-rate samples to simplify the design of optimal decoders. Third, we investigate the decoding performance of various estimation-and-decoding schemes for RRC-APNC. Extensive simulations show that: 1) our double baud-rate estimator yields substantially more accurate symbol-misalignment estimates than the baud-rate estimator does; the mean square error gains are up to 8 dB and 2) an overall estimation-and-decoding scheme in which both estimation and decoding are based on double baud-rate samples yields much better performance than other schemes. Compared with a scheme in which both estimation and decoding are based on baud-rate samples, the double baud-rate sampling scheme yields 4.5 dB gains on symbol error rate performance in an additive white Gaussian noise channel, and 2 dB gains on packet error rate performance in a Rayleigh fading channel.
Irrigation and seed quality development in rapid-cycling Brassica. (2009)

Rapid-cycling brassica (Brassica campestris var. rapa) plants were irrigated for three different durations after pollination. The earlier irrigation ended, the earlier mass maturity, the lower the final seed dry weight, and the more rapidly seeds lost moisture. Desiccation tolerance developed soonest in seeds harvested from plants in which irrigation stopped earliest. Potential seed longevity (Ki) varied greatly with irrigation treatment and with duration from pollination. Maximum Ki values were attained 44, 36, and 32 days after pollination (DAP) (10, 6 and 7 days after mass maturity) for seeds from plants irrigated throughout, or until 24 DAP, or 16 DAP, respectively, and declined thereafter. Maximum Ki was greatest (4.61) where irrigation stopped 16 DAP and least (3.88) from plants irrigated throughout. Thus terminal drought resulted in more rapid seed quality development and also greater maximum seed quality. A simple multiple regression model of the relations between Ki and both the oligosaccharide:total sugar ratio and the relative content of a 58 kDa heat-stable protein content suggests that these sugars and proteins are equally likely to be required for seed quality development, that initially the sugars tend to accumulate at the greater rate, but that during maturation drying the heat-stable proteins accumulate at the greater rate.
Active Damping Control of an Air Bearing Stage with Magnetic Preloads (2013)

In this paper, we proposed an air bearing stage with active magnetic preloads in vertical directions compensating motion errors and attenuating vibrations to improve dynamic characteristics. This preloaded design gives simpler configuration of the stage, and active control of preload can be used for compensating motion errors by feedforward method. To improve dynamic characteristics, vibration of the table is monitored by an accelerometer, and controlled by a DSP based digital controller with integrator and band pass filters for suppressing roll and pitch vibration modes. The modes were evaluated by measuring frequency response functions, and compared with compensated responses. This showed effective results for suppressing poorly damped regenerative vibration of air bearings.
Wideband Air–Ground Channel Model for a Regional Airport Environment (2019)

In the air-ground propagation channel, multipath propagation severely affects the performance of communication, navigation, and surveillance systems used in civil aviation. To verify the performance of aeronautical wireless transmission systems independently from expensive flight trials, a channel model for computer simulations is required. Based on an exhaustive propagation measurement campaign, we propose a geometry-based stochastic channel model for the air-ground channel in a regional airport environment in the L-band. The proposed channel model allows us to correctly reproduce the non-stationarity of the channel impulse response. Thus, the channel model is suitable not only to assess the performance of communication systems, but also for ranging, i.e., for navigation systems. We validate the channel model using data from both channel sounding and as well as flight measurements performed in a navigation context.
Polyclonal Development of Mouse Mammary Preneoplastic Nodules (2004)

Studies of cellular interactions are critical to the understanding of tumorigenesis. Although many studies have demonstrated a monoclonal composition of advanced neoplasms in humans and mice, the clonal composition of smaller, antecedent lesions has been studied less thoroughly. To examine the clonal development of breast cancer, we generated chimeric mammary glands using mouse mammary epithelium with an inherited predisposition for neoplasia. Analysis of whey acidic protein-transforming growth factor-alpha transgenic mouse mammary glands, chimeric for two different cell lineage markers, revealed that mammary ducts and alveoli are polyclonal, and putative early preneoplastic lesions, hyperplastic alveolar nodules (HANs), frequently are polyclonal. Furthermore, the chimeric patch patterns in individual HANs were similar to the patterns observed in pregnant chimeric mammary glands. Thus, polyclonality in HANs appears to reflect persistence of the polyclonal architecture of ducts and/or alveoli, suggesting that hyperplasia formation can be the result of non-cell autonomous local tissue microenvironmental influences on groups of cells, rather than clonal progression of a single initiated cell.
Smart grid enabled mobile networks: Jointly optimizing BS operation and power distribution (2014)

With the development of green energy technologies, base stations (BSs) can be powered by green energy in order to reduce the on-grid power consumption, and subsequently reduce the carbon footprints. As smart grid advances, power trading among distributed power generators and energy consumers will be enabled. In this paper, we have investigated the optimization of smart grid enabled mobile networks in which green energy is generated in individual BSs and can be shared among the BSs. In order to minimize the on-grid power consumption of this network, we have proposed to jointly optimize the BS operation and the power distribution. The joint BS operation and Power distribution Optimization (BPO) problem is challenging due to the complex coupling of the optimization of mobile networks and that of power grid. We have proposed an approximation solution that decomposes the BPO problem into two subproblems and solves the BPO by address these subproblems. The simulation results show that by jointly optimizing the BS operation and the power distribution, the network achieves about 18% on-grid power savings.
Enhanced Cycling Stability of Hybrid Li-Air Batteries Enabled By Ordered Pd3fe Intermetallic Electrocatalyst (2015)

Hybrid Li-air batteries, in which a solid electrolyte separates the lithium metal anode in an aprotic electrolyte from the air electrode in an aqueous electrolyte, have attracted considerable attention because they possess high theoretical energy density and potentially overcome the problems of conventional aprotic Li-air batteries. However, current hybrid systems still suffer from poor cycling stability. The problem mainly lies in the sluggish kinetics of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and poor durability of the cathode catalysts, which actually is also the major limiting factor for other energy conversion and storage technologies such as fuel cells and metal-air batteries. Therefore, it is highly desirable to develop highly active and stable catalysts for the ORR in aqueous media. Herein, we report an ordered Pd 3 Fe intermetallic catalyst synthesized with a nanoparticle-KCl matrix method. Such structurally ordered phase can provide predictable control over structure, geometric, and electronic effect, not afforded by disordered alloys. Further, as the order in intermetallic phases arises from the high enthalpy of mixing, a higher chemical and structural stability than found in its corresponding disordered alloy can be expected. Our results show ordered Pd 3 Fe/C catalysts exhibit much higher activity and durability for the ORR in alkaline media than disordered Pd 3 Fe/C, Pd/C, and Pt/C. The ordered Pd 3 Fe/C catalyst enables a long-term cycling performance of hybrid Li-air batteries over 880 h with only 0.08 V increase in round-trip overpotential. The extraordinarily high performance of ordered Pd 3 Fe/C catalyst provides a very promising alternative to the conventional Pt/C catalyst for air cathode in alkaline electrolyte.
Gene Delivery: Nonendocytic Delivery of Lipoplex Nanoparticles into Living Cells Using Nanochannel Electroporation (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 5/2014) (2014)

Pouyan E. Boukany, L. James Lee, and colleagues have now found a safe, and efficient way to deliver nanoparticles containing a wide range of therapeutic agents into living cells without going through the endocytosis route, by applying electrical pulses through a nanochannel. The nanofluidic device introduced on page 682 represents a novel platform for in vitro nucleic acid delivery in regulating gene expression and holds great potential in advancing fundamental biological science and modifying cells for biomedical applications.
MOF@ALD: A New Integrated Materials Platform to Improve Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. (2015)

Abstract not provided.
Bicyclic-Capped Histone Deacetylase 6 Inhibitors with Improved Activity in a Model of Axonal Charcot–Marie–Tooth Disease (2015)

Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is a disorder of the peripheral nervous system where progressive degeneration of motor and sensory nerves leads to motor problems and sensory loss and for which no pharmacological treatment is available. Recently, it has been shown in a model for the axonal form of CMT that histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) can serve as a target for the development of a pharmacological therapy. Therefore, we aimed at developing new selective and activity-specific HDAC6 inhibitors with improved biochemical properties. By utilizing a bicyclic cap as the structural scaffold from which to build upon, we developed several analogues that showed improved potency compared to tubastatin A while maintaining excellent selectivity compared to HDAC1. Further screening in N2a cells examining both the acetylation of α-tubulin and histones narrowed down the library of compounds to three potent and selective HDAC6 inhibitors. In mutant HSPB1-expressing DRG neurons, serving as an in vitro model for CMT2, these inhibitors were able to restore the mitochondrial axonal transport deficits. Combining structure-based development of HDAC6 inhibitors, screening in N2a cells and in a neuronal model for CMT2F, and preliminary ADMET and pharmacokinetic profiles, resulted in the selection of compound 23d that possesses improved biochemical, functional, and druglike properties compared to tubastatin A.
Analgesics and Antipyretics (2007)

The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs, COX Inhibitors) 2.1. Salicylates 2.2. para-Aminophenol Derivatives 2.3. Anthranilates 2.4. Arylacetic Acids 2.5. Arylpropionic Acids 2.6. Pyrazolinone Derivatives 2.7. Acidic Enolic Compounds 2.7.1. Pyrazolidine-3,5-diones 2.7.2. Arylsulfonamides (Oxicames) 2.8. Other Structures 2.9. COX-2 Inhibitors 2.9.1. Nonselective COXC-2 Inhibitors 2.9.2. Selective COX-2 Inhibitors (Coxibs) 3. Centrally Acting Analgesics 3.1. Opioids 3.1.1. Opioids in Clinical Use 3.1.1.1. Morphine and Morphinane Derivatives 3.1.1.2. Piperidine Derivatives 3.1.1.2.1. Meperidine and Congeners 3.1.1.2.2. Fentanyl and Congeners 3.1.1.3. Methadone and Congeners 3.1.1.4. Other Structures 3.1.1.5. Mixed Opioid Agonist-Antagonists and Partial Agonists 3.1.1.6. Opioid Antagonists 3.2. Anti-Neuropathic Analgesics and Other Nonopioid Compounds 3.2.1. Neuropathic Pain Treatment 3.2.2. Individual Compounds
Optically Modulated Cancer Therapeutic Delivery: Past, Present and Future (2015)

Chemotherapeutic regimens are often restricted by dose-limiting toxicities that arise from drug exposure to off-site tissues. Nanoparticle drug carriers that specifically deliver therapeutics to the site of malignant tissue are being actively researched today. One strategy is to utilize materials that are light-responsive, such that the carrier can be triggered to release its drug payload at the distinct time and location of light exposure. This review discusses recent advances in the development of such light-responsive drug carriers. With continued optimization and in vivo validation, these approaches may offer novel treatment options for cancer management.
A localized region of basal body proliferation in growing cells of Dileptus visscheri (ciliata, gymnostomata) (1976)

In the ciliate Dileptus organisms are completely organized at the time of excystation. They grow intensively, increasing in volume several times, before they reach the trophic cell size. The growth includes both the somatic part of the body as well as the oral parts, consisting of the cytostomal field and the ventral band of the proboscis. From the time of excystation, during the growth of the cell, the oral apparatus is able to capture and ingest food. Growth of an oral apparatus while functioning has not previously been reported in cilates. The proliferation of new oral kinetosomes in the growing oral apparatus occurs only in the cytostomal field. There is no proliferation of ciliature in the oral kineties of the growing proboscis. In those regions of the somatic kineties bordering the cytostomal field an extensive proliferation of somatic ciliature takes place. The zone of proliferation common to the oral and somatic ciliature supplies new kinetosomes for the elongating proboscis, the growing oral apparatus and the growth of the rest of the body. The mode of proliferation of the oral kinetosomes differs from that of the somatic kinetosomes. The oral kinetosomes form randomly in large numbers, appearing similar to an anarchic field such as is found in other ciliates. The somatic kinetosomes always arise singly and in a defined position in relation to the mature kinetosome. The proliferation of basal bodies in a defined area in Dileptus suggests the existence of a growth zone localized around the cytostomal field.
Supplementary Table 6 from A Compendium of Syngeneic, Transplantable Pediatric High-Grade Glioma Models Reveals Subtype-Specific Therapeutic Vulnerabilities (2023)

&lt;p&gt;ssGEA signatures derived from snRNA-seq data.&lt;/p&gt;
High Power Spatially Coherent Pulse Formation via Intermodal Soliton Interactions in Fiber (2016)

We demonstrate a process for frequency conversion between solitons of differing transverse modes with large Aeff ~1500 μm2, yielding 87-fs, 60-nJ, (0.7-MW) pulses directly out of fiber at the biologically important ~1300-nm spectral window.
Cyclic AMP Regulation of Eukaryotic Gene Transcription by Two Discrete Molecular Mechanisms (1985)

In experiments designed to study the mechanism by which peptide hormones binding to their plasma membrane receptors stimulate the expression of specific genes, the transcription of two neuroendocrine genes, prolactin and growth hormone, was analyzed in a rat pituitary cell line. The results showed that cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP) stimulates the transcription of discrete subsets of eukaryotic genes by at least two independent molecular mechanisms. Cyclic AMP stimulated growth hormone gene transcription and phosphorylation of a 19,000-dalton nuclear protein; this appears to reflect direct nuclear actions of the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase. In contrast, the stimulation by cyclic AMP of prolactin gene transcription appears to reflect activation of a discrete calcium-dependent event.
Support for hybrid network in RPL (2016)

The Smart Grid is based on Advanced Metering Infrastructure that mostly relies on Narrow Band Power Line Communication (PLC). In such network, using a single communication interface does not fulfill the primary requirement of 99.99% reading rates and coverage. Hybrid communication, by adding an additional radio interface, is a solution to provide the quality of service required by Smart Grid applications. However, dedicated routing protocols usually operate with a single communication technology. In this paper we present three solutions to enhance the IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) - a well-known routing protocol for smart grid application - for handling multi-interface devices called the Multiple RPL Instances, the Interface Oriented and the Parent Oriented. By means of simulation we show how the network can provide a higher quality of service and a better resilience to failure.