gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Presenilins: how much more than γ-secretase?! (2010)

AD (Alzheimer's disease) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by a gradual loss of neurons and the accumulation of neurotoxic Aβ (amyloid β-peptide) and hyperphosphorylated tau. The discovery of mutations in three genes, PSEN1 (presenilin 1), PSEN2 (presenilin 2) and APP (amyloid precursor protein), in patients with FAD (familial AD) has made an important contribution towards an understanding of the disease aetiology; however, a complete molecular mechanism is still lacking. Both presenilins belong to the γ-secretase complex, and serve as the catalytic entity needed for the final cleavage of APP into Aβ. PSEN only functions within the γ-secretase complex through intra- and inter-molecular interactions with three other membrane components, including nicastrin, Aph-1 (anterior pharynx defective-1) and Pen-2 (PSEN enhancer-2). However, although the list of γ-secretase substrates is still expanding, other non-catalytic activities of presenilins are also increasing the complexity behind its molecular contribution towards AD. These γ-secretase-independent roles are so far mainly attributed to PSEN1, including the transport of membrane proteins, cell adhesion, ER (endoplasmic reticulum) Ca(2+) regulation and cell signalling. In the present minireview, we discuss the current understanding of the γ-secretase-independent roles of PSENs and their possible implications in respect of AD.
Berichtigung: Synthesis of [18F]BODIPY: Bifunctional Reporter for Hybrid Optical/Positron Emission Tomography Imaging (2012)

Während der Arbeiten an diesem Projekt berichtete ein Team unter der Leitung von Z. Li, P. Conti und F. Gabbaï über einen alternativen Ansatz für [18F]-BODIPY-Farbstoffe.1 In dieser Veröffentlichung demonstrierten die Autoren außerdem die Anwendung dieser radioaktiv markierten Farbstoffe in der dualen Positronenemissionstomographie/Fluoreszenzbildgebung.
Mobile TV with SVC and hierarchical modulation for DVB-H broadcast services (2009)

This work shows exemplary applications for combining the hierarchical modulation of DVB-H with the recently approved scalable extension of H.264/AVC (SVC). Although hierarchical modulation is an essential part of the DVB-H standard, it did receive little attention up to now. Compared to a standard modulation scheme, using hierarchical modulation can show a significant gain either in terms of bit-rate or required transmission power. Since with hierarchical modulation the channel capacity is spread over two independent multiplexes, a typical single layer video codec like H.264/AVC cannot fully utilize the given advantages. The combination with Scalable Video Coding (SVC) allows for both introducing new features in a backward compatible way and optimally utilizing the total channel capacity. Three exemplary applications for Mobile TV show, that the combination of the hierarchical modulation and SVC can show a significant benefit compared to current systems.
[Approaches for identifying depression-related genes using animal models]. (2003)

The pathophysiology of psychiatric diseases including depression is characterized by the involvement of many genes contributing a small effect. This genetic complexity means larger amounts of information can be gathered by studying the disease process as a single entity, in an animal model. A number of genetically modified animals showing both depressive and anti-depressive phenotypes have been generated. Approximately ten of these models are in current use for screening novel antidepressants. The development of new therapies is intimately linked to the elucidation of mechanisms via which the drugs work and therefore the mechanisms of disease. It is now possible to combine the information from animal models with sophisticated technology including DNA microarray analysis. In this setting, the animal models can provide information about genes altered in both the depressive state and after anti-depressive treatment, whilst DNA microarrays can identify these genes, as well as the direction of change. This information will eventually lead to the discovery of new mechanisms involved in disease pathology. Here we summarize approaches for identifying genes related to depression.
Superlens based on metal-dielectric composites (2005)

Pure noble metals are typically considered to be the materials of choice for a near-field superlens that allows subwavelength resolution by recovering both propagating and evanescent waves. However, a superlens based on bulk metal can operate only at a single frequency for a given dielectric host. In this paper, it is shown that a composite metal-dielectric film, with an appropriate metal filling factor, can operate at practically any desired wavelength in the visible and near-infrared ranges. Theoretical analysis and simulations verify the feasibility of the proposed lens.
Vertical GaN p–n diode with deeply etched mesa and the capability of avalanche breakdown (2019)

A simple structure with high breakdown voltage and a low leakage current of a vertical GaN p–n diode on a GaN free-standing substrate is demonstrated. We describe a vertical p–n diode with a simple edge termination that has a drift layer etched deeply and vertically. A device simulation revealed that the electric field was more relaxed at the device edge and applied uniformly in the entire device with increasing etching depth. We fabricated the simulated structure and succeeded in reducing the leakage current and improving the breakdown voltage. With this structure, a stable avalanche breakdown can be observed.
Independent transcriptomic and proteomic regulation by type I and II protein arginine methyltransferases (2021)

Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) catalyze the post-translational monomethylation (Rme1), asymmetric (Rme2a), or symmetric (Rme2s) dimethylation of arginine. To determine the cellular consequences of type I (Rme2a) and II (Rme2s) PRMTs, we developed and integrated multiple approaches. First, we determined total cellular dimethylarginine levels, revealing that Rme2s was ∼3% of total Rme2 and that this percentage was dependent upon cell type and PRMT inhibition status. Second, we quantitatively characterized <i>in vitro</i> substrates of the major enzymes and expanded upon PRMT substrate recognition motifs. We also compiled our data with publicly available methylarginine-modified residues into a comprehensive database. Third, we inhibited type I and II PRMTs and performed proteomic and transcriptomic analyses to reveal their phenotypic consequences. These experiments revealed both overlapping and independent PRMT substrates and cellular functions. Overall, this study expands upon PRMT substrate diversity, the arginine methylome, and the complex interplay of type I and II PRMTs.
Injectable and compression-resistant low-viscosity polymer/ceramic composite carriers for rhBMP-2 in a rabbit model of posterolateral fusion: a pilot study (2017)

This study highlights the potential of LV grafts as injectable and compression-resistant rhBMP-2 carriers for posterolateral spinal fusion.
HELICOBACTER PYLORI IN PATIENTS IS KILLED BY VISIBLE LIGHT (2003)

s Submitted for the 68th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American College of Gastroenterology October 10-15, 2003, Baltimore, Maryland: STOMACH: PDF Only
Rapid semi-automated segmentation and analysis of neuronal morphology and function from confocal image data (2003)

Confocal microscopy combined with cellular labeling techniques can be an effective method for imaging the morphology of a cell as well as various functional characteristics in vivo. Current analysis methods are manual, and therefore, time-consuming and prone to error. Through the development of custom algorithms and application design, the analysis process can be improved to decrease analysis time and increase reproducibility. Utilizing off-the-self PC hardware and software, a custom application was designed that would provide useful three-dimensional (3D) segmentation and analysis tools to analyze confocal image data of neurons. Techniques such as dynamic thresholding, adaptive filtering, and morphological processing were implemented to provide a robust and efficient analysis package. The automated method was compared with the standard manual method using two metrics - reproducibility and overall time necessary for analysis. The semi-automated method was more time efficient with very high reproducibility. Additional studies are necessary to further assess and improve upon the automated technique.
Depolarization of diffusely reflecting man-made objects (2005)

The polarization properties of light scattered or diffusely reflected from seven different man-made samples are studied. For each diffusely reflecting sample an in-plane Mueller matrix bidirectional reflectance distribution function is measured at a fixed bistatic angle using a Mueller matrix imaging polarimeter. The measured profile of depolarization index with changing scattering geometry for most samples is well approximated by an inverted Gaussian function. Depolarization is minimum for specular reflection and increases asymptotically in a Gaussian fashion as the angles of incidence and scatter increase. Parameters of the Gaussian profiles fitted to the depolarization data are used to compare samples. The dependence of depolarization on the incident polarization state is compared for each Stokes basis vector: horizontal, vertical, 45 degrees, 135 degrees, and right- and left-circular polarized light. Linear states exhibit similar depolarization profiles that typically differ in value by less than 0.06 (where 1.0 indicates complete depolarization). Circular polarization states are depolarized more than linear states for all samples tested, with the output degree of polarization reduced from that of linear states by as much as 0.15. The depolarization difference between linear and circular states varies significantly between samples.
Operating mechanism insensitive to environment (2009)

This paper describes a totally new concept of operating mechanism insensitive to environment for medium voltage cubicles. Moreover its insensibility to the environment, this new range of mechanisms, thanks to the "new" employed materials for this kind of products, presents several advantages concerning the maintenance, the reliability, the operating and the impact on environment. (4 pages)
Gelled non-toxic microemulsions: phase behavior & rheology (2019)

Bicontinuous microemulsions gelled with a low molecular weight gelator have been shown to be an orthogonally self-assembled system. With the mechanical stability provided by the gel network, gelled non-toxic bicontinuous microemulsions have the potential to be an efficient transdermal drug delivery carrier. However, up to now no suitable system has been formulated for transdermal drug delivery. To fill this gap, we formulated and characterized a gelled non-toxic bicontinuous microemulsion suitable for the mentioned application. Starting from a previously studied scouting system, namely, H2O-n-octane-n-octyl β-d-glucopyranoside (β-C8G1)-1-octanol, the co-surfactant and the oil were replaced by non-toxic components. Subsequently, the expensive pure surfactant was replaced by cheap technical-grade surfactants (Plantacare® series) to make the system economical. Having formulated the non-toxic microemulsion H2O-IPM-Plantacare 1200 UP-1,2-octanediol, three low molecular weight gelators were studied with regard to the gelation of both the scouting system and the non-toxic system. The chosen gelators were 12-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid (12-HOA), 1,3:2,4-dibenzylidene-d-sorbitol (DBS), and N,N'-dibenzoyl-l-cystine (DBC). We found that only DBS gels the non-toxic microemulsion. The gelled non-toxic bicontinuous microemulsion H2O-IPM-Plantacare 1200 UP-1,2-octanediol was characterized with oscillatory shear rheometry and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) at a DBS concentration of 0.3 wt% to verify that the system is indeed a gel and that the microstructure of the microemulsion is not altered by the gel network.
Electromagnetic-Thermal Modeling of Nonlinear Magnetic Materials (2022)

A nonlinear electromagnetic (EM)-thermal coupled solver is developed for modeling ferromagnetic materials widely used in electric motors. To accurately predict machine performance, the time-domain finite element method is employed to solve this multiphysics problem. By adopting the nonlinear B-H models to account for hysteresis effects, magnetic core losses are computed as the major sources of power dissipation for magnetic materials. The resulting temperature change is then obtained and its effect on the magnetic properties is subsequently evaluated. Due to different time scales of EM field variations and heat transfer processes, different time step sizes are adopted to enhance the simulation speed. During thermal time marching, the EM solver is invoked adaptively based on material property changes, and EM losses are calculated and updated through extrapolation, resulting in an efficient EM-thermal coupling scheme. Numerical examples are presented to validate the accuracy and capabilities of the proposed EM-thermal co-simulation framework.
Tricyclic norephedrine analogs. Isomeric 9-hydroxy-10-amino-1,2,3,4,4a,9,10,10a-(trans-4a,10a)-octahydrophenanthrenes (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTricyclic norephedrine analogs. Isomeric 9-hydroxy-10-amino-1,2,3,4,4a,9,10,10a-(trans-4a,10a)-octahydrophenanthrenesWendel Lane Nelson and Duane D. MillerCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1970, 13, 5, 807–814Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00299a005https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00299a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views81Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Iraqi-Jewish kindreds with optic atrophy plus (3-methylglutaconic aciduria type 3) demonstrate linkage disequilibrium with the CTG repeat in the 3' untranslated region of the myotonic dystrophy protein kinase gene (1997)

Iraqi-Jewish optic atrophy plus is an autosomal recessive condition characterized by infantile optic atrophy, an early onset movement disorder, and 3-methylglutaconic aciduria. Other features include spastic paraplegia, mild ataxia, mild cognitive deficiency and dysarthria. This disorder was identified in inbred Iraqi-Jewish kindreds in which relationships between most of the affected individuals were unknown. In this study we identify linkage to chromosome 19q13.2-q13.3 by using a DNA pooling strategy to perform a genome wide screen followed by a high density search for shared segments among affected individuals in candidate regions identified in the initial genome wide screen. A significantly high positive lod score of 6.14 at zero recombination was obtained for the CTG repeat in the 3' untranslated region of the myotonic dystrophy protein kinase gene. The existence of multiple recombinant individuals indicates the disease interval can be further narrowed with additional markers. Linkage disequilibrium was seen in six polymorphic markers across a 1 Mb interval. This region is well characterized and contains several candidate genes.
Measurements of seismic anisotropy and fracture compliances in synthetic fractured media (2014)

Ultrasonic velocities were measured on a stack of synthetic materials (Plexiglass plates), at low (90/120 kHz, long wavelength range: 12–23 mm) and high (431/480 kHz, short wavelength range: 1–6 mm) frequencies. The Plexiglass plates were pressed together with uniaxial normal stress. The ultrasonic measurements were repeated under different uniaxial stresses with and without circular rubber inclusions between the plates. The stress dependence of measured &lt;it&gt;P&lt;/it&gt;-wave velocities is more pronounced (about 200 m s−1 difference) at low frequency compared to the high frequency measurements. &lt;it&gt;S&lt;/it&gt;-wave velocity measurements in the vertical direction (perpendicular to plates) and horizontal direction with polarization perpendicular to the plates show that, without rubber inclusions, the model can be approximated as a vertical transverse isotropy (VTI) medium (difference of about 20 m s−1between the two &lt;it&gt;S&lt;/it&gt;-wave velocities for stresses higher than 6 MPa), whereas, for the case with inclusions, there is a significant difference (about 350 m s−1 for stresses higher than 6 MPa). The difference in vertically propagating and horizontally propagating vertically polarized &lt;it&gt;S&lt;/it&gt;-wave velocities indicates that the medium is inhomogeneous at these wavelengths. Ultrasonic velocity measurements were used to calculate fracture compliances and VTI anisotropy parameters. For both experiments (with and without rubber disc inclusion), fracture compliances and also absolute values of VTI anisotropy parameters, decrease with increasing stress and frequency. For our experiments, Thomsen's anisotropy parameter &lt;it&gt;γ&lt;/it&gt; is highly correlated to &amp;epsiv; and &amp;eegr; (with average correlation coefficients of about 95 per cent). For all measurements, the medium showed positive anellipticity (i.e. &lt;it&gt;&amp;epsiv;–δ&lt;/it&gt; &gt; 0). In all cases, the tangential compliance was greater than the normal compliance. For experiments without inclusions, the normal to tangential compliance ratios show an increasing trend with increasing normal stress. For experiments with inclusions, these ratios show a decreasing trend, especially at higher frequency ranges.
Browser-based web content sharing system (2014)

Browser-based Web content sharing system is designed for users to share and distribute what they're watching Web contents to other users or system via Web browser. The demonstration will show the novel method to distribute partial Web contents on browsers to other screens in Web browsing environment, especially for e-learning situations.
Autophagy in Skeletal Muscle Homeostasis and in Muscular Dystrophies (2012)

Skeletal muscles are the agent of motion and one of the most important tissues responsible for the control of metabolism. The maintenance of muscle homeostasis is finely regulated by the balance between catabolic and anabolic process. Macroautophagy (or autophagy) is a catabolic process that provides the degradation of protein aggregation and damaged organelles through the fusion between autophagosomes and lysosomes. Proper regulation of the autophagy flux is fundamental for the homeostasis of skeletal muscles during physiological situations and in response to stress. Defective as well as excessive autophagy is harmful for muscle health and has a pathogenic role in several forms of muscle diseases. This review will focus on the role of autophagy in muscle homeostasis and diseases.
Can Chinese phonemes improve machine transliteration? (2009)

Inspired by the success of English grapheme-to-phoneme research in speech synthesis, many researchers have proposed phoneme-based English-to-Chinese transliteration models. However, such approaches have severely suffered from the errors in Chinese phoneme-to-grapheme conversion. To address this issue, we propose a new English-to-Chinese transliteration model and make systematic comparisons with the conventional models. Our proposed model relies on the joint use of Chinese phonemes and their corresponding English graphemes and phonemes. Experiments showed that Chinese phonemes in our proposed model can contribute to the performance improvement in English-to-Chinese transliteration.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Integrative Radiogenomic Profiling of Squamous Cell Lung Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 282K, Clonogenic survival following exposure to �-radiation.&lt;/p&gt;
Lipopolysaccharide-free Escherichia coli OmpF and Pseudomonas aeruginosa protein P porins are functionally active in lipid bilayer membranes (1986)

Escherichia coli porin OmpF and Pseudomonas aeruginosa porin protein P were eluted from sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. The resultant porin preparations were found to be devoid of detectable lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and silver staining for LPS, direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays with LPS-specific monoclonal antibodies, and 2-keto-3-deoxyoctulosonic acid assays. The average conductances, ionic selectivities and incorporation rates of the electroeluted porins were identical to those of their conventionally purified counterparts. These data suggest that LPS is not required per se for porin function.
Implementation of resilient, atomic data types (1985)

A major issue in many applications is how to preserve the consistency of data in the presence of concurrency and hardware failures. We suggest addressing this problem by implementing applications in terms of abstract data types with two properties: Their objects are atomic (they provide serializability and recoverability for activities using them) and resilient (they survive hardware failures with acceptably high probability). We define what it means for abstract data types to be atomic and resilient. We also discuss issues that arise in implementing such types, and describe a particular linguistic mechanism provided in the Argus programming language.
Effect of Purinergic Stimulation on Intracellular Calcium Concentration and Transepithelial Potential Difference in Cultured Bovine Oviduct Cells1 (1995)

Epithelial cells were removed from bovine oviducts by enzyme digestion and either cultured on laminin-coated coverslips (for determination of [Ca2+]i) or on collagen filters (for determination of transepithelial potential difference [pd]). Cells on coverslips were loaded with Fura-2 to monitor [Ca2+]i. Application of extracellular ATP induced a transient increase in [Ca2+]i in a dose-dependent manner. This response was abolished by thapsigargin, indicating that the rise in [Ca2+]i was derived from intracellular stores. The order of potency of the nucleotide-induced rise in [Ca2+]i was uridine triphosphate (UTP)>ATP>ADP. Epithelial cells were grown on collagen filters, and when mounted in a modified Ussing chamber exhibited an electrical pd of 1.00 +/- 0.36 mV with the apical side negative with respect to the basal. Application of UTP, ATP, and ADP to the basal side induced transient increases in pd of 1.15 +/- 0.21, 0.77 +/- 0.16, and 0.26 +/- 0.06 mV, respectively. The order of potency of the nucleotides in eliciting transient increases in [Ca2+]i and pd suggests the presence of a P2u purinergic receptor in the bovine oviduct epithelium that could play a role in transepithelial ion movements and hence the control of oviductal fluid formation.