gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular Switching via Multiplicity-Exclusive E/Z Photoisomerization Pathways (2015)

Mutual exclusivity in the nature of forward and reserve isomerization pathways holds promise for predictably controlling responses of photoswitchable materials according to molecular structure or external stimuli. Herein we have characterized the E/Z photoisomerization mechanisms of the visible-light-triggered switch 1,2-dithienyl-1,2-dicyanoethene (4TCE) in chlorobenzene with ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy. We observe that switching mechanisms occur exclusively by relaxation through electronic manifolds of different spin multiplicity: trans-to-cis isomerization only occurs via electronic relaxation within the singlet manifold on a time scale of 40 ps; in contrast, cis-to-trans isomerization is not observed above 440 nm, but occurs via two rapid ISC processes into and out of the triplet manifold on time scales of ∼2 ps and 0.4 ns, respectively, when excited at higher energies (e.g., 420 nm). Observation of ultrafast ISC in cis-4TCE is consistent with photoinduced dynamics of related thiophene-based oligomers. Interpretation of the photophysical pathways underlying these isomerization reactions is supported by the observation that cis-to-trans isomerization occurs efficiently via triplet-sensitized energy transfer, whereas trans-to-cis isomerization does not. Quantum-chemical calculations reveal that the T1 potential energy surface is barrierless along the coordinate of the central ethylene dihedral angle (θ) from the cis Franck-Condon region (θ = 175°) to geometries that are within the region of the trans ground-state well; furthermore, the T1 and S1 surfaces cross with a substantial spin-orbital coupling. In total, we demonstrate that E/Z photoswitching of 4TCE operates by multiplicity-exclusive pathways, enabling additional means for tailoring switch performance by manipulating spin-orbit couplings through variations in molecular structure or physical environment.
Fuel Economy and Mass Emissions of Ethanol Blended Gasoline over the Modified Indian Driving Cycle (2018)

Abstract Ethanol, a renewable alternative fuel can be used in gasoline vehicles as blend with gasoline without any major engine modification. Use of ethanol is increasing trend in India due to its increase in availability, energy security and emission reduction potential. Currently, 10% ethanol blended gasoline is available in India and ethanol percentage share in gasoline is increasing one. A large number of studies on ethanol-gasoline blends on stationery or automotive engines under various speeds–load conditions have already been published whereas a few studies on vehicles have only been reported. This study evaluates the performance and emissions of a BS IV gasoline vehicle running on E10 and E20 over the modified Indian driving cycle in a climatic controlled test cell. The test results revealed that fuel economy of the E20 fuel reduced by 4.2%. The exhaust emissions CO and HC reduced by 10% with the penalty of increase in NOx emissions by 50%. In overall, E20 blend reduced the gaseous emissions (CO and HC) significantly with the penalty of doubling the NOx emissions and reduction in fuel economy over the transient cycle. Keywords: Ethanol, gasoline, MIDC, emissions, fuel economy Cite this Article Hariram Prasad Yadav, Kafeel Ahmad, Ramadhas AS et al . Fuel Economy and Mass Emissions of Ethanol Blended Gasoline over the Modified Indian Driving Cycle. Journal of Energy, Environment & Carbon Credits . 2018; 8(3): 8–13p.
Eddy Convection in Developing Heated Supersonic Jets (2015)

An experimental study of the spatial distribution of integral eddy speeds in heated, supersonic free jets is presented. The physics of such jets are of immediate interest to noise-reduction approaches for tactical aircraft jet noise. In these flows, the noise produced has a strong influence from eddy speeds, particularly for radiation in peak noise directions, due to Mach wave contributions. The measurements obtained using a time-resolved Doppler global velocimetry instrument experimentally indicate a key mechanism of the role of heating in jet noise reduction relative to the classical Lighthill scaling. Measurements are presented in jets issuing from an axisymmetric biconic nozzle at two conditions: total temperatures of 1.6 and 2.0 times that of the ambient and both at approximately diameter Reynolds number and pressure-matched exit conditions. For the higher total temperature case, the scaled streamwise eddy convective velocities within the shear layer were measurably reduced compared to the lower total temperature case, especially as the axial distance from the nozzle exit increased. These findings confirm that core plume heating results in additional shear layer spreading and reduction of scaled eddy convective speeds, making acoustic radiation less efficient with heating. To accompany the eddy convection results, data obtained in the same facility using laser Doppler velocimetry are analyzed for second- and fourth-order moments, indicating the importance of the fourth-order correlation in the region of immediate interface between the potential core and the shear layer.
An Interactive Map-based System for Visually Exploring and Cleaning GPS Traces (2019)

It is a fact that there are tons of GPS traces generated every minute by the millions of in-road vehicles over the world. Naturally, those traces contain imprecise readings, and most of the time they include noise and outliers. Therefore, there is a real need for a tool to allow users, companies, and researchers to get a deep insight into those raw traces and discover potential knowledge out of it. This knowledge would uncover the quality level of the GPS traces and, indeed, the quality level of the underlying map. It would also help discover interesting facts about the surrounding environment such as the type and height of buildings, the landscape cover, the weather conditions, and the nature of businesses and activities. This demo presents a system that allows users to interactively explore their collected GPS traces. Users can visually inspect the precision of their raw GPS traces, and snap these traces to the underlying road network map. Furthermore, users have the ability to clean their traces by applying various types of spatio-temporal filters. Users can perform noise analysis and produce statistics over regions of interest on the map. Last but not least, the system gives suggestions or guesses on the surrounding environment by comparing the perceived noise patterns to a database of pre-stored noise patterns. For the demo purpose, the system is initially populated with a rich data set of trajectories generated from the Microsoft shuttle service around the Greater Area of Seattle.
Correlation of photoluminescent quantum efficiency and device characteristics for the soluble electrophosphorescent light emitter with interfacial layers (2008)

We have investigated the effects of interfacial layers on the properties of soluble phosphorescent organic light emitting devices. Two kinds of polyfluorene-based interfacial layer materials have been studied; both were spin coated on top of PEDOT:PSS to form the insoluble layers by thermal annealing. The molecular-doped, phosphorescent light emitting layer comprising a polymeric host, small molecular host, and guest molecule was fabricated onto the thin interfacial layer. The photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of these layers was measured with an integrating sphere. We have calculated the PLQY values of the single phosphorescent light emitting layer and various organic multilayers incorporating the interfacial layers, showing that a reduction in PLQY due to the interfacial quenching is more significant in the thicker interfacial layer structures. In spite of the decrease in PLQY induced by the triplet energy mismatch, polyfluorene-based interfacial layers improved the charge injection from PEDOT:PSS to the emitting layer, which results in the enhanced brightness and current. The triplet quenching by the interfacial layer could explain the reduction in luminous efficiency of the devices compared to the reference. This was also investigated by studying the charge carrier trapping, change in the spectral characteristics induced by the shift in the emission zone, and the analysis on the carrier balance of devices.
PTIDES on flexible task graph (2009)

The Flexotask system claims to enable implementation of both real-time applications and real-time schedulers in a Java Virtual Machine using an actors-like model. The PTIDES model is an actors-like model that claims to deliver precise control over end-to-end latencies in a complex real-time system. The present work jointly investigates both claims by (1) implementing several PTIDES-based schedulers as Flexotask scheduler plugins, and (2) using the resulting system to implement a new reactive control program for a simulation of the JAviator. We present results from the realistic JAviator control application and also from synthetic benchmarks designed to shed light on the differences between the several PTIDES schedulers we implemented.
Class-distribution regularized consensus maximization for alleviating overfitting in model combination (2014)

In data mining applications such as crowdsourcing and privacy-preserving data mining, one may wish to obtain consolidated predictions out of multiple models without access to features of the data. Besides, multiple models usually carry complementary predictive information, model combination can potentially provide more robust and accurate predictions by correcting independent errors from individual models. Various methods have been proposed to combine predictions such that the final predictions are maximally agreed upon by multiple base models. Though this maximum consensus principle has been shown to be successful, simply maximizing consensus can lead to less discriminative predictions and overfit the inevitable noise due to imperfect base models. We argue that proper regularization for model combination approaches is needed to alleviate such overfitting effect. Specifically, we analyze the hypothesis spaces of several model combination methods and identify the trade-off between model consensus and generalization ability. We propose a novel model called Regularized Consensus Maximization (RCM), which is formulated as an optimization problem to combine the maximum consensus and large margin principles. We theoretically show that RCM has a smaller upper bound on generalization error compared to the version without regularization. Experiments show that the proposed algorithm outperforms a wide spectrum of state-of-the-art model combination methods on 11 tasks.
Identification of MERS-CoV neutralizing nanobodies by direct cloning from a bone marrow cDNA library (2017)

Trabajo presentado en el XIVth International Nidovirus Symposium, celebrado en Kansas City, Missouri (Estados Unidos), del 4 al 9 de junio de 2017
Laser rock drilling by a super-pulsed CO{sub 2} laser beam. (2002)

High power carbon dioxide lasers have successfully been used in drilling or cutting engineering materials such as metals, polymers and ceramics over the years. Can a carbon dioxide laser be used to efficiently drill different rocks in a deep gas well? Research sponsored by US Department of Energy has been carried out to answer this question. This paper will report the study results of using a super-pulsed CO{sub 2} laser beam to drill rocks. A 6 kW CO{sub 2} laser operated at superpulse mode was used to carry out the tests. Both linear tracks and deep holes were produced on the rocks. The energy required to remove a unit volume of rock, specific energy, was determined. Test results show that superpulsed CO{sub 2} laser beam can be efficiently used to drill deep, large diameter holes in petroleum rocks with the assistance of purging gas.
Prevalence vankomycin-rezistentních enterokoků v nemocničním akomunitním prostředí (2005)

Cil: Cilem pedložene prace bylo stanoveni prevalence
vankomycin-rezistentnich enterokok (VRE) ve výtrech z rekta
pacient Fakultni nemocnice Olomouc (FNO) a osob v komunitnim
prostedi spadoveho regionu FNO. Material a metody: Z rektalnich
výtr pacient hospitalizovaných ve FNO a osob z komunitniho
spadoveho prostedi byly v obdobi 1.7.2002-1.7.2003 izolovany a
identifikovany enterokoky, vetn stanoveni citlivosti k
antibiotikm. Fenotypove ureni rezistence k vankomycinu bylo
oveno PCR detekci gen vanA, vanB, vanC1 a vanC2. U kmen
Enterococcus faecium VanA byla provedena molekularn biologicka
analýza. Ke stanoveni pibuznosti kmen byla použita
makrorestrikni analýza genomove DNA nastpene restrikni
endonukleazou SmaI. Výsledky: Ve sledovanem obdobi bylo
vyseteno 2157 výtr z rekta hospitalizovaných pacient a 4874 od
osob v komunitnim prostedi. Celkem bylo izolovano 27 VRE
nemocnini provenience a 13 kmen z komunitni populace.
Prevalence VRE v gastrointestinalnim traktu hospitalizovaných
pacient byla 2,3 %, u osob z komunitniho prostedi pak 0,6 %. V
pipad VRE nemocniniho pvodu dominovaly kmeny Enterococcus
faecium VanA (70,4 %), u komunitnich VRE se nejastji jednalo o
kmeny Enterococcus gallinarum VanC (46,2 %). Vzajemne geneticke
porovnani nemocninich a komunitnich VRE neprokazalo žadnou
podobnost. Zavr: VRE byly v R prokazany v komunitnim i
nemocninim prostedi. Jejich prevalence v rektalnich výtrech je
nizka a nepesahuje hodnoty uvadne pro jine evropske zem.
A New Graphene Derivative: Hydroxylated Graphene with Excellent Biocompatibility (2016)

Graphene derivatives (such as graphene oxide and hydrogenated graphene) have been widely investigated because of their excellent properties. Here, we report large-scale (kilogram scale) synthesis of a new unique graphene derivative: hydroxylated graphene (G-OH). The exclusive existence form of oxygen-containing groups in G-OH is hydroxyl, which was verified by spectral characterization and quantitative halogenating reaction. It is very interesting that both the wettability and electrical conductivity show reversible change in halogenating and hydrolysis reaction cycles, which demonstrates the versatility of G-OH. Most importantly, the hydrophilicity and weak inductive nature of G-OH provides a well microenvironment for the cells adhesion and proliferation. On G-OH paper, rat adipose tissue-derived stromal cells exhibited a typical fibroblast-like shape with high rate of increase and survival after 3 day of incubation. This G-OH paper with good mechanical property is expected to be a new biomaterial for bone, vessel and skin regeneration.
Handbook of Dendritic Cells (2006)

Handbook of dendritic cells : , Handbook of dendritic cells : , کتابخانه دیجیتال جندی شاپور اهواز
Wavelength Agile Slotted Fabry-Pérot Lasers (2014)

We demonstrate slotted tuneable lasers addressing each 50GHz grid channel in the lower half (18nm) of the ITU C-band. An accurate time domain simulation is developed to model the device behaviour.
Data from Targeting Calcium Signaling Induces Epigenetic Reactivation of Tumor Suppressor Genes in Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Targeting epigenetic pathways is a promising approach for cancer therapy. Here, we report on the unexpected finding that targeting calcium signaling can reverse epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor genes (TSG). In a screen for drugs that reactivate silenced gene expression in colon cancer cells, we found three classical epigenetic targeted drugs (DNA methylation and histone deacetylase inhibitors) and 11 other drugs that induced methylated and silenced CpG island promoters driving a reporter gene (GFP) as well as endogenous TSGs in multiple cancer cell lines. These newly identified drugs, most prominently cardiac glycosides, did not change DNA methylation locally or histone modifications globally. Instead, all 11 drugs altered calcium signaling and triggered calcium-calmodulin kinase (CamK) activity, leading to MeCP2 nuclear exclusion. Blocking CamK activity abolished gene reactivation and cancer cell killing by these drugs, showing that triggering calcium fluxes is an essential component of their epigenetic mechanism of action. Our data identify calcium signaling as a new pathway that can be targeted to reactivate TSGs in cancer. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 76(6); 1494–505. ©2015 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
NMR spectra of cluster-assembled nanophase metals (1992)

Room temperature nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) lineshapes are presented for cluster-assembled nanophase Cu and Ag with various grain sizes as measured using TEM. Both the {sup 65}Cu and {sup 63}Cu resonances are measured and compared. Both Cu isotopes are subject to Knight shifts and to couplings to the electric field gradients in the sample. The Cu NMR spectra have a strong central response which is broader but with an average Knight shift virtually identical to a large trained Cu sample. Though measureable signals can be seen for over a MHz, there is no evidence of Cu signal intensity centered at the non-Knight shifted (e.g. insulating) frequency. The Ag signals are measured at a much lower frequency and have reduced sensitivity but, since Ag has a nuclear spin of 1/2, the couplings to the electric field gradients are not present. The results are discussed in terms of predictions made using simple structural models.
Fabrication of the TiC/Al Composite by the Combination Process of Combustion Reaction and Vortex Technique (2004)

Titanium carbide (TiC) reinforced aluminum composites were fabricated by combining a combustion reaction and a vortex technique. First, the base composite, consisting of Al and fine TiC particles, was synthesized by combustion of a compacted Ti-C-Al powder blend. The TiC particles synthesized in situ were spherical, with diameters of 2-5 μm. Then the base composites were put in molten Al and stirred. The TiC particles in the base composite were easily incorporated and dispersed uniformly in the Al matrix by very brief stirring. In contrast, when commercial TiC powders were used, they were poorly incorporated and distributed by the same brief stirring. The 0.2% proof stress and ultimate tensile strength of the composites were significantly improved compared with the aluminum matrix, and increased with increasing TiC content. The mechanical properties of the aluminum composites fabricated using the base composite were roughly equal to those using commercial TiC powder.
Simple and rapid detection of ractopamine in pork with comparison of LSPR and LFIA sensors (2022)

This study developed a simple and rapid strategic technique to detect ractopamine (chemical growth-promoting agent) in pork. Two highly sensitive and specific gold nanoparticle-based portable sensors, i.e., localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) sensors, and lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) strips were developed to detect veterinary drug residues in food products, that have detrimental effects on humans. Optimization studies were conducted on several sensor devices to improve sensitivity. Each sensor comprised functionalized gold nanoparticles conjugated with ractopamine antibodies. The LSPR sensor chip achieved excellent detection sensitivity = 1.19 fg/mL and was advantageous for quantitative analysis due to its wide dynamic range. On the other hand, LFIA strips provided visual test confirmation and achieved 2.27 ng/mL detection sensitivity, significantly less sensitive than LSPR. The complementary sensors help overcome each other's shortcomings with both the techniques offering ease of use, affordability and rapid diagnosis. Thus, these sensors can be applied on-site for routine screening of harmful drug residues in pork meat. They also provide useful direction for advanced technologies to enhance assay performance for detecting various other food drug contaminants.
Performance optimization-based boosting algorithm for resolving class imbalance problems in finance (2023)

In this paper, we propose a GMBoost (Geometric Mean-based Boosting) with a direct performance optimization technique to resolve class imbalance problem in financial field, such as bankruptcy, card insolvency, and card fraud. The conventional boosting models including AdaBoost, GBM, and XGBoost are used as benchmarking models for performance comparison. The main findings of 30 rounds of cross validations are as follows. First, the conventional boosting models largely depend on the specificity of majority, but ignore the sensitivity of minority. On the contrary, GMBoost proceeds with balanced learning that simultaneously considers the specificity and the sensitivity at the same time. Second, GMBoost outperforms the conventional boosting algorithms in terms of GM and AUC, and the results of the t-test for GM and AUC also showed that the performance of GMBoost is significantly different from those of the benchmarking models.
Ultrafast Time Resolved Photoinduced Magnetization Rotation in a Ferromagnetic/Antiferromagnetic Exchange Coupled System (1999)

Ultrashort pulse laser techniques are applied to study optically induced modulation in exchange biased ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic (FM/AF) thin bilayer films (NiFe/NiO). Photoexcitation of the FM/AF interface with subpicosecond laser pulses induces large modulation in the unidirectional exchange bias field ( ${H}_{\mathrm{ex}}$) on an ultrashort time scale. The ``unpinning'' of the exchange bias leads to coherent magnetization rotation in the permalloy film which is time resolved by the experiment and corresponds to a large modulation in the magnetization component ( $\ensuremath{\Delta}{M}_{Z}{/M}_{S}\ensuremath{\sim}0.5$), on a time scale of 100 psec.
A multi-purpose microfluidic pipette for single-cell analysis (2010)

We report a multi-purpose microfluidic pipette, with a recirculating liquid tip. This device, made in poly(dimethylsiloxane), enables contamination-free manipulation and chemical stimulation of selected single cells in cell collectives or tissue slices. The pipette is capable of carrying out a variety of complex fluid processing functionalities, such as mixing, multiplexing, or gradient generation. The concept is flexible and scalable as the geometry and the size of the recirculation zone is defined by pressure, channel number, and geometry. We have applied the pipette in a fluorescence uptake assay, electrophysiology studies and for chemical induction of membrane protrusion from biological cells.
Double Trouble: How to not explain a text classifier's decisions using counterfactuals synthesized by masked language models? (2021)

A principle behind dozens of attribution methods is to take the prediction difference between before-and-after an input feature (here, a token) is removed as its attribution. A popular Input Marginalization (IM) method (Kim et al., 2020) uses BERT to replace a token, yielding more plausible counterfactuals. While Kim et al. (2020) reported that IM is effective, we find this conclusion not convincing as the DeletionBERT metric used in their paper is biased towards IM. Importantly, this bias exists in Deletion-based metrics, including Insertion, Sufficiency, and Comprehensiveness. Furthermore, our rigorous evaluation using 6 metrics and 3 datasets finds no evidence that IM is better than a Leave-One-Out (LOO) baseline. We find two reasons why IM is not better than LOO: (1) deleting a single word from the input only marginally reduces a classifier's accuracy; and (2) a highly predictable word is always given near-zero attribution, regardless of its true importance to the classifier. In contrast, making LIME samples more natural via BERT consistently improves LIME accuracy under several ROAR metrics.