gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Conglomerates (2003)

Basically, this contribution will summarize three key prior results in the FLC field: 1) antiferroelectrics composed of enantiomerically enriched molecules; 2) the Soto-Bustamante–Blinov antiferroelectric smectic bilayer composed of achiral molecules; and 3) the antiferroelectric phases composed of achiral bent-core molecules (bow-phases, or banana phases), which provide the first example of spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking in a liquid. The directed design, based upon these prior results, of a chiral ferroelectric banana (phase) composed of racemic molecules is then described. The latter provides an example of spontaneous polar symmetry breaking in a smectic liquid crystal.
Degraded Broadcast Channels (2011)

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Characterization and Three-Dimensional Structure Determination of ψ-Conotoxin Piiif, a Novel Noncompetitive Antagonist of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors, (2003)

A novel inhibitor of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), psi-conotoxin Piiif, was isolated from the venom of Conus purpurascens and found to have the sequence GOOCCLYGSCROFOGCYNALCCRK-NH2. The sequence is highly homologous to that of psi-conotoxin Piiie, a previously identified noncompetitive inhibitor of Torpedo electroplax nAChR, also isolated from C. purpurascens. Both psi-conotoxins block Torpedo and mouse nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), but psi-Piiif is less potent by a factor of 10(1)-10(2). A high-resolution structure of psi-Piiif was determined by NMR and molecular modeling calculations. Psi-Piiif analogues containing [(13)C]-labeled cysteine at selected positions were synthesized to resolve spectral overlap of Cys side chain proton signals. The structures are well-converged, with backbone atom position RMSDs of 0.21 A for the main body of the peptide between residues 4 and 22 and 0.47 A for all residues. The overall backbone conformation is closely similar to psi-Piiie, the main difference being in the degree of conformational disorder at the two termini. Psi-Piiie and psi-Piiif have similar locations of positive charge density, although psi-Piiif has a lower overall charge. One disulfide bridge of psi-Piiif appears to undergo dynamic conformational fluctuations based on both the model and on experimental observation. Chimeras in which the three intercysteine loops were swapped between psi-Piiie and psi-Piiif were tested for inhibitory activity against Torpedo nAChRs. The third loop, which contains no charged residues in either peptide, is the prime determinant of potency in these psi-conotoxins.
Multi‐Resolution and Wavelet Representations for Identifying Signatures of Disease (2002)

Identifying physiological and anatomical signatures of disease in signals and images is one of the fundamental challenges in biomedical engineering. The challenge is most apparent given that such signatures must be identified in spite of tremendous inter and intra-subject variability and noise. Crucial for uncovering these signatures has been the development of methods that exploit general statistical properties of natural signals. The signal processing and applied mathematics communities have developed, in recent years, signal representations which take advantage of Gabor-type and wavelet-type functions that localize signal energy in a joint time-frequency and/or space-frequency domain. These techniques can be expressed as multi-resolution transformations, of which perhaps the best known is the wavelet transform. In this paper we review wavelets, and other related multi-resolution transforms, within the context of identifying signatures for disease. These transforms construct a general representation of signals which can be used in detection, diagnosis and treatment monitoring. We present several examples where these transforms are applied to biomedical signal and imaging processing. These include computer-aided diagnosis in mammography, real-time mosaicking of ophthalmic slit-lamp imagery, characterization of heart disease via ultrasound, predicting epileptic seizures and signature analysis of the electroencephalogram, and reconstruction of positron emission tomography data.
INTRAVESICAL BOTULINUM TOXIN A ADMINISTRATION INHIBITS COX-2 AND EP4 EXPRESSION AND SUPPRESSES BLADDER HYPERACTIVITY IN CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE INDUCED CYSTITIS IN RATS (2008)

You have accessJournal of Urology1 Apr 2008INTRAVESICAL BOTULINUM TOXIN A ADMINISTRATION INHIBITS COX-2 AND EP4 EXPRESSION AND SUPPRESSES BLADDER HYPERACTIVITY IN CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE INDUCED CYSTITIS IN RATS Yao-Chi Chuang, Chou-Cheng Huang, Kaohsiung Hsien, Naoki Yoshimura, Pradeep Tyagi, Michael B Chancellor, and Po-Hui Chiang Yao-Chi ChuangYao-Chi Chuang More articles by this author , Chou-Cheng HuangChou-Cheng Huang More articles by this author , Kaohsiung HsienKaohsiung Hsien More articles by this author , Naoki YoshimuraNaoki Yoshimura More articles by this author , Pradeep TyagiPradeep Tyagi More articles by this author , Michael B ChancellorMichael B Chancellor More articles by this author , and Po-Hui ChiangPo-Hui Chiang More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(08)60228-1AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "INTRAVESICAL BOTULINUM TOXIN A ADMINISTRATION INHIBITS COX-2 AND EP4 EXPRESSION AND SUPPRESSES BLADDER HYPERACTIVITY IN CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE INDUCED CYSTITIS IN RATS." The Journal of Urology, 179(4S), p. 78 © 2008 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 179Issue 4SApril 2008Page: 78 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2008 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Yao-Chi Chuang More articles by this author Chou-Cheng Huang More articles by this author Kaohsiung Hsien More articles by this author Naoki Yoshimura More articles by this author Pradeep Tyagi More articles by this author Michael B Chancellor More articles by this author Po-Hui Chiang More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Continuous-Flow Synthesis of Thioureas, Enabled by Aqueous Polysulfide Solution (2021)

We have developed the continuous-flow synthesis of thioureas in a multicomponent reaction starting from isocyanides, amidines, or amines and sulfur. The aqueous polysulfide solution enabled the application of sulfur under homogeneous and mild conditions. The crystallized products were isolated by simple filtration after the removal of the co-solvent, and the sulfur retained in the mother liquid. Presenting a wide range of thioureas synthesized by this procedure confirms the utility of the convenient continuous-flow application of sulfur.
Nuclear receptor ERRα and coactivator PGC-1β are effectors of IFN-γ-induced host defense (2007)

Macrophage activation by the proinflammatory cytokine interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) is a critical component of the host innate response to bacterial pathogenesis. However, the precise nature of the IFN-gamma-induced activation pathway is not known. Here we show using genome-wide expression and chromatin-binding profiling that IFN-gamma induces the expression of many nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial respiratory chain machinery via activation of the nuclear receptor ERR alpha (estrogen-related receptor alpha, NR3B1). Studies with macrophages lacking ERR alpha demonstrate that it is required for induction of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and efficient clearance of Listeria monocytogenes (LM) in response to IFN-gamma. As a result, mice lacking ERR alpha are susceptible to LM infection, a phenotype that is localized to bone marrow-derived cells. Furthermore, we found that IFN-gamma-induced activation of ERR alpha depends on coactivator PGC-1 beta (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 beta), which appears to be a direct target for the IFN-gamma/STAT-1 signaling cascade. Thus, ERR alpha and PGC-1 beta act together as a key effector of IFN-gamma-induced mitochondrial ROS production and host defense.
Maximizing the probability of satisfying the planning criteria in radiation therapy under setup uncertainty (2013)

We consider intensity-modulated photon and proton therapy in the presence of setup uncertainty. The uncertainty is accounted for by worst case optimization, in which the planning criteria are constrained to be satisfied under all setup errors from a specified set. To handle that the set may contain errors under which the planning criteria cannot be satisfied, a method is introduced that includes the magnitudes of the setup errors within the set as variables in the optimization, which is aimed at making these magnitudes as large as possible (within specified bounds) while satisfying all planning criteria under the errors. This is equivalent to maximizing the probability of satisfying the planning criteria. The method is studied with respect to photon and proton therapy applied to a prostate case and a lung case, and compared to worst case optimization with respect to an a priori determined set of errors. For both modalities, slight reductions of the magnitudes of the considered setup errors resulted in plans that satisfied a substantially larger number of planning criteria under the retracted errors, and also a larger number of criteria under the a priori errors: for the prostate case, the plans accounting for retracted errors satisfied 1.5 (photons) and 1.2 (protons) times as many planning criteria as the method accounting for a priori errors, and for the lung case, the numbers were 2.7 (photons) and 1.6 (protons).
Host cell autophagy contributes to Plasmodium liver development (2015)

Autophagy plays an important role in the defence against intracellular pathogens. However, some microorganisms can manipulate this host cell pathway to their advantage. In this study, we addressed the role of host cell autophagy during Plasmodium berghei liver infection. We show that vesicles containing the autophagic marker LC3 surround parasites from early time-points after invasion and throughout infection and colocalize with the parasitophorous vacuole membrane. Moreover, we show that the LC3-positive vesicles that surround Plasmodium parasites are amphisomes that converge from the endocytic and autophagic pathways, because they contain markers of both pathways. When the host autophagic pathway was inhibited by silencing several of its key regulators such as LC3, Beclin1, Vps34 or Atg5, we observed a reduction in parasite size. We also found that LC3 surrounds parasites in vivo and that parasite load is diminished in a mouse model deficient for autophagy. Together, these results show the importance of the host autophagic pathway for parasite development during the liver stage of Plasmodium infection.
Mixed Effects Models for the Population Approach: Models, Tasks, Methods and Tools (2014)

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Improving the reliability and the insulation properties of gate oxide in the gate injection mode by using a new procedure of (100) Si surface and Si/SiO/sub 2/ interface treatments (2001)

A new two-step processing combination, for MOS devices improvement, is presented. It is composed of a pregate oxidation of (100) Si surface atomic scale flattening, which improves only the device breakdown reliability. Adding a postgate oxidation annealing step, using nitrogen monoxide (NO) gas mixture, reduces the degradation of the leakage current, which results from current stress application. A MOSFET with a gate oxide grown on an atomic scale flattened Si surface, exhibits a superior I/sub D/-V/sub D/ characteristics, with respect to MOSFET fabricated on conventionally treated Si surface.
Experimental results for a graded dielectric focusing lens (2010)

In this paper we present the experimental results for a five layer electromagnetic focusing lens. This lens is used to match the spherical TEM wave converging at the second focal point of a prolate-spheroidal impulse radiating antenna (PSIRA) into a biological target.
Crowdsourcing for search evaluation and social-algorithmic search (2012)

The first computers were people. Today, Internet-based access to 24/7 online human crowds has led to a renaissance of research in human computation and the advent of crowdsourcing. These new opportunities have brought a disruptive shift to research and practice for how we build intelligent systems today. Not only can labeled data for training and evaluation be collected faster, cheaper, and easier than ever before, but we now see human computation being integrated into the systems themselves, operating in concert with automation. This tutorial introduces opportunities and challenges of human computation and crowdsourcing, particularly for search evaluation and developing hybrid search solutions that integrate human computation with traditional forms of automated search. We review methodology and findings of recent research and survey current generation crowdsourcing platforms now available, analyzing methods, potential, and limitations across platforms.
Image quality metrics for the evaluation of print quality (2010)

Image quality metrics have become more and more popular in the image processing community. However, so far, no one has been able to define an image quality metric well correlated with the percept for overall image quality. One of the causes is that image quality is multi-dimensional and complex. One approach to bridge the gap between perceived and calculated image quality is to reduce the complexity of image quality, by breaking the overall quality into a set of quality attributes. In our research we have presented a set of quality attributes built on existing attributes from the literature. The six proposed quality attributes are: sharpness, color, lightness, artifacts, contrast, and physical. This set keeps the dimensionality to a minimum. An experiment validated the quality attributes as suitable for image quality evaluation. The process of applying image quality metrics to printed images is not straightforward, because image quality metrics require a digital input. A framework has been developed for this process, which includes scanning the print to get a digital copy, image registration, and the application of image quality metrics. With quality attributes for the evaluation of image quality and a framework for applying image quality metrics, a selection of suitable image quality metrics for the different quality attributes has been carried out. Each of the quality attributes has been investigated, and an experimental analysis carried out to find the most suitable image quality metrics for the given quality attributes. For the sharpness attributes the Structural SIMilarity index (SSIM) by Wang et al. (2004) is the the most suitable, and for the other attributes further evaluation is required.
Recovery Act: Alpena Biorefinery and Alpena Biorefinery Lignin Separation Final Technical Report (2016)

The Alpena Biorefinery (AB) was constructed in Alpena, Michigan, at the Decorative Panels International hardboard manufacturing facility. The goal of the AB was to demonstrate a modular, technically successful, and financially viable process of making cellulosic ethanol from woody biomass extract at wood processing facilities. At full capacity, the AB can produce 894,200 gallons per year of cellulosic ethanol and 696,000 gallons per year of aqueous potassium acetate, using extract from northern hardwood and aspen woodchips feedstock. The project objectives and the value proposition of AB promote the national goals of energy independence, greenhouse gas reduction, and green job creation and retention. A successful outcome of the Alpena Biorefinery project has been commercial sales of the first ever cellulosic ethanol RINS generated from woody biomass in the US, under the EPA’s Renewable Fuels Standard Program. We believe that American Process is also likely the first company in the world to produce commercial quantities of cellulosic ethanol from mixed forest residue. Life Cycle Analysis performed by Michigan Institute of Technology found that the entire life cycle greenhouse gas emissions from the plant’s cellulosic ethanol were only 25 percent that of petroleum-based gasoline. They found the potassium acetate runway de-icer coproduct generates up to 45 percent less greenhouse gases than the production of conventional potassium acetate. The Alpena Biorefinery project created 31 permanent jobs for direct employees and helped retain 200 jobs associated with the existing Decorative Panels International facility, by increasing its economic viability through significant savings in waste water treatment costs. The AB project has been declared a Michigan Center of Energy Excellence and was awarded a $4 million State of Michigan grant. The project also received New Market Tax Credit financing for locating in an economically distressed community. All other equity funds were contributed by American Process Inc. The facility will remain operational after the demonstration period. It will also be available as a pilot-plant “for hire,” where third parties can perform trials on emerging biorefinery technologies. Additional capital projects are underway outside of the scope of DOE project.
Generation of functional liver organoids on combining hepatocytes and cholangiocytes with hepatobiliary connections ex vivo (2021)

In the liver, the bile canaliculi of hepatocytes are connected to intrahepatic bile ducts lined with cholangiocytes, which remove cytotoxic bile from the liver tissue. Although liver organoids have been reported, it is not clear whether the functional connection between hepatocytes and cholangiocytes is recapitulated in those organoids. Here, we report the generation of a hepatobiliary tubular organoid (HBTO) using mouse hepatocyte progenitors and cholangiocytes. Hepatocytes form the bile canalicular network and secrete metabolites into the canaliculi, which are then transported into the biliary tubular structure. Hepatocytes in HBTO acquire and maintain metabolic functions including albumin secretion and cytochrome P450 activities, over the long term. In this study, we establish functional liver tissue incorporating a bile drainage system ex vivo. HBTO enable us to reproduce the transport of hepatocyte metabolites in liver tissue, and to investigate the way in which the two types of epithelial cells establish functional connections.
The Effect of Annealing Temperature on the CL Properties of Sol-Gel Derived Y[sub 2]O[sub 3]:Re (Re=Eu[sup 3+],Tb[sup 3+],Tm[sup 3+]) Phosphors (2007)

Red, green, and blue-emitting Li-doped (, , or ) film phosphors were coated on sapphire substrates using a sol-gel technique in which yttrium nitrate, metal nitrate (, , or ), lithium carbonate, and citric acid were used as the precursor materials. The effect of annealing temperature on thin films and thick films on sapphire substrates was studied with respect to the structural and cathodoluminescence (CL) properties of the film phosphors. The structural and optical trends observed as a function of annealing temperature differed between the thin and thick films. The (, , or ) red, green, and blue thick films annealed at showed the highest volume and crystallinity of the phase and CL intensity of Li-doped red, green, and blue phosphors. These results for thick-film phosphors are discussed on the basis of the optical properties, such as the CL spectrum, color coordinates, brightness, and longevity.
Benzothienoiodolium Cations Doubly Bonded to Anions via Halogen–Chalcogen and Halogen–Hydrogen Supramolecular Synthons (2023)

The simultaneous binding of a molecular entity through two interactions is a frequently pursued recognition mode due to the advantages it offers in securing molecular self-assembly. Here, we report how the planarity of the benzothienoiodolium (BTI) cation allows for preorganizing in the cation plane the hydrogen, halogen, and chalcogen bonds (HBs, XBs, and ChBs, respectively) formed by the phenyl hydrogen, iodolium iodine, and thienyl sulfur. Crystallographic analyses of some BTI salts show how this interaction coplanarity enables their coupling to point toward a single anion that is coordinated via the supramolecular and heteroditopic synthon XB/HB or XB/ChB, the latter observed here for the first time. These synthons adopt a Janus-like arrangement around iodine. Crystallographic information suggests that interactions of the synthons act synergistically, e.g., when resulting in the unusually short ChBs formed by the thienyl sulfur. Determination of the molecular electrostatic potential, Bader’s quantum theory of “atoms-in-molecules” analysis, and natural bond orbital investigations give information on the nature and energetic aspects of the short contacts observed in crystals.
Novel measure for EEG/EMG responsiveness may indicate the level of sedation in ICU patients (2006)

The level of sedation in ICU patients is difficult to assess, and relies on clinical assessments such as the Ramsay score. These tests discriminate deep sedation poorly. We evaluated a novel measure, EEG/EMG responsiveness, and compared it with Ramsay scores. EEG/EMG responsiveness was calculated by applying an algorithm that detects abrupt changes in the measured EEG signal indicative of a patient's arousal or activation. The results were compared with those obtained using the EEG entropy.
A Gate Dielectric Last Approach to Integrate Organic Based Devices on Plastic Substrates (2008)

In this work we demonstrate a photo-lithographic based process to integrate organic-based devices including rectifiers, ring oscillators, current mirrors, inverters, diodes and capacitors on flexible substrates for RFID and flexible display applications. Our integration method includes a seven mask photolithography process that incorporates several discrete devices built with pentacene as the semiconductor and parylene as the gate dielectric and inter-level dielectric (ILD). The maximum temperature for all processes is 120degC.
Friction and wear of Langmuir-Blodgett films observed by friction force microscopy (1992)

Lubrication is documented on a microscopic scale with a friction force microscopy: A reduction in friction is observed for Langmuir-Blodgett film-covered surfaces, compared to the bare substrates. Film defects not detected in the AFM topographic mode are clearly recorded in the friction force mode. With applied forces over 10 nN, the initial stages of wear are observed. Small islands of bilayer height are moved in the entirety, conserving the normal orientation of the aliphatic chains. This collective motion of molecules allows the shear strength of the films to be determined. The observed ability of the molecules to remain in the ordered state illustrates one of the fundamental origins of boundary lubrication.
Supplementary Table 1 from Identification and Characterization of MEL-3, a Novel AR Antagonist That Suppresses Prostate Cancer Cell Growth (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 46KB, The cell cycle distribution of LAPC4 cells is affected by MEL-3.&lt;/p&gt;