gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-rate synthesis of phosphine-stabilized undecagold nanoclusters using a multilayered micromixer (2010)

Growth in the potential applications of nanomaterials has led to a focus on the development of new manufacturing approaches for these materials. In particular, an increased demand due to the unique properties of nanomaterials requires a substantial yield of high-performance materials and a simultaneous reduction in the environmental impact of these processes. In this paper, a high-rate production of phosphine-stabilized undecagold nanoclusters was achieved using a layer-up strategy which involves the use of microlamination architectures; the patterning and bonding of thin layers of material (laminae) to create a multilayered micromixer in the range of 25-250 µm thick was used to step up the production of phosphine-stabilized undecagold nanoclusters. The continuous production of highly monodispersed phosphine-stabilized undecagold nanoclusters at a rate of about 11.8 (mg s(-1)) was achieved using a microreactor with a size of 1.687 cm(3). This result is about 500 times over conventional batch syntheses based on the production rate per reactor volume.
CAF01 Potentiates Immune Responses and Efficacy of an Inactivated Influenza Vaccine in Ferrets (2011)

Trivalent inactivated vaccines (TIV) against influenza are given to 350 million people every year. Most of these are non-adjuvanted vaccines whose immunogenicity and protective efficacy are considered suboptimal. Commercially available non-adjuvanted TIV are known to elicit mainly a humoral immune response, whereas the induction of cell-mediated immune responses is negligible. Recently, a cationic liposomal adjuvant (dimethyldioctadecylammonium/trehalose 6,6'-dibehenate, CAF01) was developed. CAF01 has proven to enhance both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to a number of different experimental vaccine candidates. In this study, we compared the immune responses in ferrets to a commercially available TIV with the responses to the same vaccine mixed with the CAF01 adjuvant. Two recently circulating H1N1 viruses were used as challenge to test the vaccine efficacy. CAF01 improved the immunogenicity of the vaccine, with increased influenza-specific IgA and IgG levels. Additionally, CAF01 promoted cellular-mediated immunity as indicated by interferon-gamma expressing lymphocytes, measured by flow cytometry. CAF01 also enhanced the protection conferred by the vaccine by reducing the viral load measured in nasal washes by RT-PCR. Finally, CAF01 allowed for dose-reduction and led to higher levels of protection compared to TIV adjuvanted with a squalene emulsion. The data obtained in this human-relevant challenge model supports the potential of CAF01 in future influenza vaccines.
An Animal Model for Studying the Sequence of Precursor Lesions that Characterise the Development of Bronchialoalveolar Carcinoma (2006)

Rationale: Analogous to the adenoma-adenocarcinoma sequence in the colon, it has been proposed that bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) in the lung arises from adenomatous hyperplasia (AH) that progresses throughout atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH) to BAC. However, the data supporting the preneoplastic nature of these lesions in the lung are largely circumstantial and are mainly based upon the association of these changes at the histological examination. Methods and Results: In this study we show that the loss of function of NK1 receptor (either due to a pharmacological or to genetic manipulation) results in the development of BAC in mice after intratracheal instillation of bleomycin (0.3 μg /50 μl saline solution). We also demonstrate that a series of precursor lesions characterize the development of the BAC. The preneoplastic nature of these changes has been also ascertained. In particular, staining for proliferation markers (PCNA and Ki-67) increases with increasing atypia when a decrease of the tumor suppressor factor FHIT is demonstrated. The correlation between p53 and p21 is lost during the AH-BAC sequence. In addition, the loss function of NK1 receptor results in a delay of DNA strand breaks recovery in response to bleomycin administration. The data obtained strongly suggest a role for NK1 receptor in a cell death pathway involving Nur77 and some members of the Bcl2 family. Conclusions: These observations open the way to identify the signalling pathways crucial for BAC and to test new therapeutic interventions.
Xenon diffusion following ion implantation into feldspar - Dependence on implantation dose (1982)

The diffusion properties of xenon implanted into feldspar, a major mineral in meteorites and lunar samples, are investigated in light of the importance of xenon diffusion in the interpretation of early solar system chronologies and the retention time of solar-wind-implanted Xe. Known doses of Xe ions were implanted at an energy of 200 keV into single-crystal plagioclase targets, and depth profiles were measured by alpha particle backscattering before and after annealing for one hour at 900 or 1000 C. The fraction of Xe retained following annealing is found to be strongly dependent on implantation dose, being greatest at a dose of 3 x 10 to the 15th ions/sq cm and decreasing at higher and lower doses. Xe retention is also observed to be unaffected by two-step anneals, or by implantation with He or Ar. Three models of the dose-dependent diffusion properties are considered, including epitaxial crystal regrowth during annealing controlled by the extent of radiation damage, the creation of trapping sites by radiation damage, and the inhibition of recrystallization by Xe during annealing
John D. Roberts (1918–2016) (2016)

One of the great leaders of modern chemistry during the field's most exciting time
P‐187: Electronic Structures of Various Color Light‐Emitting Amorphous Oxide Semiconductor Thin Films (2017)

We report multi‐color semiconductor phosphor thin films based on amorphous Ga 2 O x semiconductor (a‐Ga 2 O x ), which improved quantum efficiency compared to already‐reported a‐IGZO:Eu. Doping of Eu, Sm, Pr, Dy and Tb emitted different visible colors such as red, yellow, and green. Photoemission spectroscopy revealed their electronic structures and light‐emission mechanisms.
Computing Minima and Maxima of Subarrays (2019)

This chapter explores the following problem: given an array A of N numbers Ai, how can we efficiently query the minimal or maximal numbers in any sub-range of the array? For example, “what is the minimum of the 8th to the 23rd elements?”
The Most Important Risk Factor of SSI in a Bioclean Room (2004)

Surgical site infection (SSI) is the most common postoperative complication. We used one bioclean room 3 times daily, and perfoming joint replacement over 300 times per year. However, we have never experienced a case of deep SSI. The present study was conducted in order to investigate the air cleanliness of a bioclean room in our institution, and the risk factor of SSI during an operation. Airborne particle and microorganism measurement were performed in order to assess the degree of air cleanliness. Air samples were collected during 16 elective hip and knee arthroplasties which were performed at our institution. Our result, clearly revealed that there were no problems regarding the air cleanliness of a bioclean room at our institution. However, a marked increase in the number of airborne microoganisms was observed in proportion to staff movement. Therefore, the risk factor for SSI was the movement of the staff. We concluded that the proper education of all staff was the most important factor in the prevention of SSI.
Anti-apoptotic Activity of Heme Oxygenase-1 Up-regulated by Etoposide in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells (2007)

Totopoisomerase II 저해제인 etoposide는 핵안에 DNA double strand breaks를 일으키므로써 세포의 DNA에 손상을 초래한다. 본 연구에서는 인간 망막색소상피세포인 ARPE-19 세포에서의 세포성장 및 아폽토시스에서 etoposide의 역할을 살펴보았다. Etoposide는 세포의 성장을 크게 감소시켰으며 TUNEL에서 아폽토시스를 나타내는 DNA fragmentation의 증가를 유도하였다. 게다가, etoposide는 산화적 손상에 대해 세포나 조직을 보호하는 역할을 하는 것으로 알려진 세포내 항산화효소인 heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)의 발현을 크게 증가시켰다. Etoposide에 의한 HO-1 발현증가는 항산화물질 NAC에 의해 억제되었는데, 이는 etoposide에 의한 세포내 ROS의 증가가 HO-1 발현에 중요한 역할을 한다는 것을 의미한다. 또한 HO-1 발현을 억제하기 위하여 HO-1 siRNA 방법을 사용하였다. 흥미롭게도, HO-1 유전자의 knock-down은 etoposide에 의해 유도되는 DNA fragmentation의 정도를 증가시켰다. 이들 결과를 종합해볼 때, etoposide에 의해 자극되어진 ARPE-19 세포에서 발현증가된 HO-1은 etoposide에 의한 아폽토시스 유발과정에서 세포를 보호하는 항아폽토시스의 기능을 한다는 것을 시사한다. The topoisomerase II inhibitor etoposide causes an accumulation of DNA double strand breaks within the nuclei of cells. In this study, we investigated the effect of etoposide on the cell growth and apoptosis of human RPE cells. Etoposide evoked a significant inhibition of cell growth, and also induced DNA fragmentation in ARPE-19 cells. In addition, etoposide significantly up-regulated the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which is a stress-responsive protein and is known to play a protective role against the oxidative injury. And, etoposide-induced HO-1 expression was affected by the ROS scavenger N-acetyl cysteine. We also used oligonucleotides interfering with HO-1 mRNA (siRNA) for the inhibition of HO-1 expression. Interestingly, knock-down of the HO-1 gene significantly increased the level of DNA fragmentation in etoposide-treated ARPE-19 cells. In conclusion, these results suggest that up-regulated HO-1 plays as an anti-apoptotic factor in the process of apoptosis of ARPE-19 cells stimulated by etoposide.
Simple interfaces to complex sound in improvised music (2000)

We describe some interaction design principles and two interactive algorithms for the transformation of user-input from simple low degree of freedom (DOF) devices to support the synthesis of sound in music improvisation. We offer 'algorithmically mediated interaction' as an alternative to direct manipulation (DM) to describe auditory interfaces of this sort. A short performance complements this paper.
Cognitive FMCW-Radar Concept for Ultrafast Spatial Mapping using Frequency Coded Channels (2022)

In this contribution, we present a novel radar concept that utilizes the method of frequency coding in order to segregate and classify multiple superimposed radar channels for enhancing spatial resolution and scanning time. Therefore, an expanded model of the conventional frequency modulated continous wave (FMCW) radar and its requirements are explained in detail. Spatial mapping and real-time efficiency is accomplished via an artificial neural network, which is trained with datasets generated in an environmental radar simulator as well as with measurements of the built-up system.
Role and timing of coronary intervention in non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (2014)

Non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) has become the most common presentation of acute myocardial infarction. Its treatment is challenging and often less straightforward compared with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). First, clinicians must decide whether an initial invasive or an initial conservative treatment is appropriate for their NSTEMI patient. If an invasive strategy is chosen, subsequent decisions on the optimal timing of coronary angiography and possible intervention have to be made. Both aggressive and conservative strategies have their own potential risks and benefits. Aggressive strategies may result in more procedural complications, which is especially unwanted in patients otherwise at low risk of events. By contrast, conservative strategies may be harmful in high-risk patients who benefit most from early reperfusion therapy. We aim to discuss the evidence base of this decision process where risk stratification is of paramount importance with the goal of obtaining the opt...
Verification of a Designed Intramolecular Hydrogen Bond in a Drug Scaffold by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (2007)

2D 1H-15N HMBC NMR acquired at natural abundance and DMSO titration monitored by 1D 1H NMR verified the existence of an intramolecular hydrogen bond that was designed to mimic the pyrimidinone ring of a class of kinase inhibitors. A scalar coupling across the hydrogen bond was detected in organic and aqueous solvent, suggesting a simple and general approach for testing the propensity of intramolecular hydrogen bonds to stabilize pseudo-rings in drug scaffolds.
Minimizing the impact of stale link state information on QoS routing (2005)

In this paper, we show that routing without considering the staleness of link state information introduced by update policies may generate significant percentage of false routing. Hence, we introduce and investigate the issue of minimizing the impact of stale link state information on the performance of QoS routing without stochastic link state knowledge. Under the assumption that trigger-based link state policies are adopted for updating link state information, we theoretically decouple the problem of finding the most probable feasible path (without link state stochastic knowledge) to the problems of finding the multiple additively constrained path (MACP) and finding the least cost multiple additively constrained path (LCMACP), respectively, and propose a framework for minimizing the impact of stale link state information on the performance of QoS routing. We show by theoretical analysis and extensive simulations that our proposed framework is effective in minimizing the undesirable effect of the staleness of link state information.
Genes controlling the activation of natural killer lymphocytes are epigenetically remodeled in intestinal cells from germ‐free mice (2018)

Remodeling of the gut microbiota is implicated in various metabolic and inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. We hypothesized that the gut microbiota affects the DNA methylation profile of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) which could, in turn, alter intestinal function. In this study, we used mass spectrometry and methylated DNA capture to respectively investigate global and genome-wide DNA methylation of intestinal epithelial cells from germ-free (GF) and conventionally raised mice. In colonic IECs from GF mice, DNA was markedly hypermethylated. This was associated with a dramatic loss of ten-eleven-translocation activity, a lower DNA methyltransferase activity and lower circulating levels of the 1-carbon metabolite, folate. At the gene level, we found an enrichment for differentially methylated regions proximal to genes regulating the cytotoxicity of NK cells (false-discovery rate < 8.9E<sup>-6</sup>), notably genes regulating the cross-talk between NK cells and target cells, such as members of the NK group 2 member D ligand superfamily Raet. This distinct epigenetic signature was associated with a marked decrease in Raet1 expression and a loss of CD56<sup>+</sup>/CD45<sup>+</sup> cells in the intestine of GF mice. Thus, our results indicate that altered activity of methylation-modifying enzymes in GF mice influences the IEC epigenome and modulates the crosstalk between IECs and NK cells. Epigenetic reprogramming of IECs may modulate intestinal function in diseases associated with altered gut microbiota.-Poupeau, A., Garde, C., Sulek, K., Citirikkaya, K., Treebak, J. T., Arumugam, M., Simar, D., Olofsson, L. E., Bäckhed, F., Barrès, R. Genes controlling the activation of natural killer lymphocytes are epigenetically remodeled in intestinal cells from germ-free mice.
Generating RF pulses using a nonlinear hybrid line (2013)

A nonlinear lumped element transmission line (NLETL) that comprises a LC-ladder network where either the capacitors or inductors are nonlinear can be used to convert an input rectangular pulse to a series of RF pulses at the output. This article describes the implementation and demonstration of a high voltage nonlinear hybrid line (NLHL) where both the line components (inductor and capacitors) are nonlinear. Lines with only one nonlinear component have numerous publications in simulation and experimentations whereas NLHL has only a few articles in simulation. There is no report about NLHL being tested to-date according to our knowledge. We have built and tested a NLHL using commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) components. Instead of using complex pulse forming networks or pulse forming lines, a storage capacitor and a fast semiconductor switch are used to provide an input pulse with good approximation of a rectangular pulse-shape. Experiment results are compared with simulations predicted by the in-house developed NLETL circuit model. Analyses on the voltage modulation and frequency content of the output pulses are carried out. The conditions for producing RF pulses in NLHL and its performance are discussed.
Diode-pumped CW Tm:GdVO 4 laser using floating zone-grown crystals (2005)

Efficient CW laser oscillation was performed using floating zone-grown Tm:GdVO<sub>4</sub> crystals. The measured absorption spectra of the grown crystals exhibited high absorption coefficient of 13.2 cm<sup>-1</sup> at 799 nm for &pi; polarization, and the absorption coefficient remained more than 4.5 cm<sup>-1</sup> at 808 nm for both &pi;- and &sigma;-polarizations. Using a 808 nm single-stripe laser diode as a pump source, a slope efficiency of 38% and a threshold of 420 mW were achieved with respect to absorbed pump power at room temperature. The highest output power of 235 mW was achieved. The laser could be tuned over 20 nm with rotation of an intracavity etalon. It was demonstrated that Tm:GdVO<sub>4</sub> is an excellent material for use in a 2 &mu;m laser for a compact LD-pumped system.
Matrix metalloproteinase‐8 levels and elastase activities in gingival crevicular fluid from chronic adult periodontitis patients (2000)

Similarities between MMP-8 and elastase probably reflect the fact that both enzymes are associated mainly with neutrophils: MMP-8 levels may have fallen more after treatment because the assay, unlike that for elastase, would most likely not have detected much enzyme bound to alpha-macroglobulin. The immunoassay for MMP-8 is more specific and convenient than functional collagenase assays, and might be suitable for monitoring the periodontal condition.
Location of Two Photoaffinity-Labeled Sites on the Ligand-Binding Domain of Retinoic Acid Receptor .ALPHA.. (1996)

Retinoic acid receptors (RARs) consist of six domain structures. The C-terminal region (D/E/F-domains) is involved in ligand binding, dimerization, and ligand-dependent transactivation. Structural information about RARs is required for understanding its complex function. A photoreactive retinoid denoted as ADAM-3, which was designed as the result of comparison of two fluorescent retinoids (DAM-3 and DAM-15), was synthesized and used for photoaffinity labeling of recombinant protein MBP-RAR alpha/E. The photoaffinity-labeled site was determined by an endoprotease combination method which utilizes four endoproteinases in a two-phase digestion procedure. Two major labeled fragments were detected in each digestion, and the results of two-phase digestion allowed identification of the labeled residues as being located within residues 492-510 and 585-594, which correspond to 288-306 and 381-390 in human RAR alpha, respectively.
Design of an Efficient CSI Feedback Mechanism in Massive MIMO Systems: A Machine Learning Approach using Empirical Data (2022)

Massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) regime reaps the benefits of spatial diversity and multiplexing gains, subject to precise channel state information (CSI) acquisition. In the current communication architecture, the downlink CSI is estimated by the user equipment (UE) via dedicated pilots and then fed back to the gNodeB (gNB). The feedback information is compressed with the goal of reducing over-the-air overhead. This compression increases the inaccuracy of acquired CSI, thus degrading the overall spectral efficiency. This paper proposes a computationally inexpensive machine learning (ML)-based CSI feedback algorithm, which exploits twin channel predictors. The proposed approach can work for both time-division duplex (TDD) and frequency-division duplex (FDD) systems, and it allows to reduce feedback overhead and improves the acquired CSI accuracy. To observe real benefits, we demonstrate the performance of the proposed approach using the empirical data recorded at the Nokia campus in Stuttgart, Germany. Numerical results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach in terms of reducing overhead, minimizing quantization errors, increasing spectral efficiency, cosine similarity, and precoding gain compared to the traditional CSI feedback mechanism.
Risk Factors for Prosthetic Joint Infection: Case‐Control Study (1998)

We conducted a matched case-control study to determine risk factors for the development of prosthetic joint infection. Cases were patients with prosthetic hip or knee joint infection. Controls were patients who underwent total hip or knee arthroplasty and did not develop prosthetic joint infection. A multiple logistic regression model indicated that risk factors for prosthetic joint infection were the development of a surgical site infection not involving the prosthesis (odds ratio [OR], 35.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 8.3-154.6), a National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) System surgical patient risk index score of 1 (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.2-2.3) or 2 (OR, 3.9; 95% CI, 2.0-7.5), the presence of a malignancy (OR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.3-7.2), and a history of joint arthroplasty (OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.4-3.0). Our findings suggest that a surgical site infection not involving the joint prosthesis, an NNIS System surgical patient risk index score of 1 or 2, the presence of a malignancy, and a history of a joint arthroplasty are associated with an increased risk of prosthetic joint infection.
Polymer‐Assisted Deposition of Al‐Doped HfO2 Thin Film with Excellent Dielectric Properties (2019)

Abstract Demands for high‐ k dielectric materials increase as transistors scale down. One of the promising high‐ k dielectric materials is HfO 2 owing to its large band gap, high dielectric constant, and excellent physical/chemical stability. Although several cost‐effective solution‐based deposition methods have been developed, their dielectric performances are inferior to those obtained by vacuum processes (e.g., atomic layer deposition, sputtering). This study demonstrates a solution‐based polymer‐assisted deposition (PAD) of high‐ k Al‐doped HfO 2 thin films exhibiting remarkable dielectric performances comparable to the conventional deposition methods. The PAD ensures the control of film thickness (≥3 nm) and the homogenous Al doping in the entire thin film. The key to the success is HCl‐mediated coordination of metal precursor and polymer. Thorough analysis on the structure and chemical composition of the dielectric layer is carried out. It is found that the phase transition from monoclinic phase to a mixture of tetragonal and amorphous phases results in excellent dielectric properties. The 7.8 nm thick thin film doped with 4.1 at% of Al exhibits a high dielectric constant of 30.2 with a high areal capacitance (674 nF cm −2 at 1.0 kHz), a low leakage current (3.3 × 10 −9 A cm −2 at 2.0 MV cm −1 ), and a high breakdown voltage (7.7 V).