gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The national epidemic of chronic kidney disease (2001)

The alarming increase in the incidence and mortality rate of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) over the past several years has prompted concerned physicians to ask why--and to ponder what can be done to ameliorate the situation. This article, the first in a seven-part series coordinated by the National Kidney Foundation, examines the factors surrounding the epidemic of chronic kidney disease and introduces readers to the organization's new clinical practice guidelines developed through its Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative. These recommendations emphasize early detection and treatment and offer a new avenue of communication between primary care physicians and nephrologists.
Hand Dose Measurements in Interventional Radiology (1991)

Measurements of radiation dose to the hand were conducted using TLD ring badges for individual interventional radiology cases. Results from over 30 examinations (including transhepatic cholangiograms and biliary and nephrostomy procedures) conducted by four radiologists using identical equipment show an average hand dose of 1.5 mGy (150 mrad) per procedure. Hand dose varied inversely with distance from the patient. Due to variable hand positions during clinical examinations, fluoroscopic time was not found to be a good indicator of hand dose.
ChemInform Abstract: A Sterically Hindered Bridgehead System: 13‐Substituted 1,4,5,8,9,12‐Hexamethyltriptycenes. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Supplementary Materials & Methods from Broadening Specificity and Enhancing Cytotoxicity of Adoptive T Cells for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Immunotherapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Material and Methods including patients and donors, generation of HLA-A*0201-expressing c666.1 NPC cells, quantitative Real-time PCR, immunoblotting, cytotoxicity assays, HMGB1-release quantification and TLR-4 neutralization experiments. Supplementary Table 1 listing of PCR primer sequence is also included.&lt;/p&gt;
Cell replacement efforts to repair neuronal injury: A potential paradigm for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (2005)

Much has been learned from recent clinical trials exploring cell transplantation as a means to treat Parkinson's disease. Additionally, much information is being gathered in the science arena on the method of cultivation and expansion of neural stem/progenitor cells as well as catheter and cell delivery methodology. Cell replacement remains a potential promising treatment option for Parkinson's disease, however several obstacles must be overcome in order to achieve successful outcomes in future clinical trials. Hurdles include but are not limited to the identification of a reliable method of cultivation and expansion of neural stem/progenitor cells, the optimization of methods for cell delivery and the optimization of location or locations for transplantation.
Implementing dynamic ad insertion in HTML5 using MPEG dash (2016)

Today, with W3C HTML5 premium media extensions MSE (Media Source Extensions) and EME (Encrypted Media Extensions) adaptive streaming formats such as MPEG DASH enable delivery of media content to many devices. Even televisions and settop boxes are adding Internet connections, and support HTML5 for GUI rendering and media processing. From a commercial point of view, dynamic ad insertion plays a crucial role. For broadcasters, cable and IPTV operators, content owners and advertisers new opportunities open up as advertisement can be personalized and delivered to any device. Complex signaling and backend systems have been built for ad decision over years, and integrating with them is imperative for industry adoption of any new technology. We evaluate existing dynamic advanced advertisement techniques and present solutions for interoperable ad insertion using MPEG DASH for HTML5-based platforms and its integration with existing advertisement ecosystem. We have extended the open source DASH-IF reference player “dash.js” with mechanisms for ad insertion. These mechanisms are based on the DASH-IF Interoperability Points guidelines and some of the recent SCTE work. We present different ad insertion workflows and highlight the flexibility that can be achieved with state-of-the-art technologies and standards.
CATALYTIC CRACKING OF HEAVY RESIDUE UNDER DIFFERENT REACTION CONDITIONS (2011)

The contribution of heavier crudes and petroleum residues to the world of petroleum refining industry is on the rise due to the increasing demands for transportation fuels. Upgrading of heavy petroleum oils and residues by hydrocracking of atmospheric residue have gained considerable importance worldwide to produce more valuable, clean and environmental friendly transportation fuel oils [1-3]. Hydrocracking processes are primarily used to reduce the boiling range of heavy petroleum residues and in which most of the feed is converted to products with boiling ranges lower than that of the feed [4-5]. The heavy feedstock contains significant amounts of asphaltenes, which are randomly soluble, polydispersed organic geomacromolecules.
1J-2 Development of a Customized Echo Particle Image Velocimetry System for Real Time Multi-component Hemodynamics Measurements: System Characterization and Initial Experiments (2006)

The measurement of multi-component temporal blood velocity and shear stress distributions in the cardiovascular system is important in hemodynamic evaluation of patients with various cardiovascular diseases since changes in local flow patterns may reflect development and progression of pathology. Here, we report on a custom designed echo particle image velocimetry (Echo PIV) system, with improved dynamic velocity range and spatial resolution over prior systems, to perform real time non-invasive measurement of multi-dimensional velocity and shear stress components in arteries and hearts by identifying and tracking flow tracers (ultrasound contrast microbubbles) within the flow fields. The customized Echo PIV system was developed with a novel linear ultrasound array transducer (128 elements, 7.5 MHz center frequency, 73% bandwidth), a custom-controllable signal processing system and custom PIV analysis. The maximum achievable frame rate of the system is 1786 fps, which allows maximum velocities up to 2.14 m/s to be measured. Initial in vitro measurements were made on pipe flows, simulating flow in blood vessels and in vitro models simulating abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). Ultrasound Doppler measurements of peak velocity were also taken in the pipe flow studies for comparison. Echo PIV measured velocities agreed well with Doppler measurements with a maximum deviation of 3.6%. The Echo PIV system also captured successfully the vortex rings in AAA models and the corresponding shear stress distributions in these flow fields. Such multi-component velocity measurements are clinically unfeasible using conventional ultrasound Doppler flow imaging
Total and high molecular weight adiponectin levels in mice with altered GH signaling (2010)

Adiponectin, which negatively correlates to fat mass and insulin resistance, associates into high molecular weight (HMW) and low molecular weight forms. The HMW form possesses the predominate insulin sensitizing bioactivity, yet most mouse studies have reported only total levels. This study evaluates total and HMW adiponectin concentrations in giant bovine GH transgenic (bGH), dwarf GH receptor gene disrupted (GHR−/−), dwarf GH antagonist (GHA) transgenic mice fed either a high fat (HF) or low fat (LF) diet as compared to littermate controls. The bGH and GHR−/− strains represent opposites in GH signaling, with GHR−/− mice being highly insulin sensitive, obese and long‐lived in the absence of GH signaling and with bGH mice being insulin resistant, lean and short‐lived with excess GH signaling. GHA mice have repressed GH signaling are dwarf and obese, like GHR−/− mice, but do not have increased longevity or improved insulin sensitivity. GHR−/− mice on a HF and LF diet and GHA females have increased HMW, total and HMW/total adiponectin levels. Total adiponectin levels are increased in GHA males and decreased in bGH males, but there is no difference in HMW or HMW/total ratio as compared to littermate controls. The increase in total, HMW, and HMW/total adiponectin levels in the long‐lived male GHR−/− mice suggests that elevated adiponectin concentrations could contribute to their improved lifespan. Research was supported via funds from NIDDK (DK064905, DK075436), NIA (AG031736, AG19899), State of Ohio's Eminent Scholar Program that includes a gift from Milton and Lawrence Goll, DiAthegen, Diabetes Research Initiative at Ohio University, and AMVETS. Grant Funding Source : DEB was supported in part by funds from NIDDK (DK064905) and NIA (AG031736). EOL is supported by funds from NIA (AG031736) and NIDDK (DK075436). JJK is supported by funds from NIA (AG19899 and AG031736), NIDDK (DK075436), the State of Ohio's Eminent Scholar Program that includes a gift from Milton and Lawrence Goll, and a grant from DiAthegen LLC. All work was further supported by the Diabetes Research Initiative at Ohio University and by a grant from AMVETS.
The Root Causes of the Limited Electroluminescence Stability of Solution-Coated Versus Vacuum-Deposited Small-Molecule OLEDs: A Mini-Review (2022)

Using solution-coating methods for the fabrication of organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) offers a tremendous opportunity for enabling low-cost products and new applications. The electroluminescence (EL) stability of solution-coated (SOL) OLEDs, however, is significantly lower than that of vacuum-deposited (VAC) OLEDs, causing their operational lifetimes to be much shorter-an issue that continues to hamper their commercialization. The root causes of the lower EL stability of these devices remain unclear. This article briefly reviews and summarizes some of the work that has been done to-date for elucidating the root cause of the lower EL stability of SOL OLEDs, giving special attention to studies where side-by-side comparisons of SOL and VAC devices of the same materials have been conducted. Such comparisons allow for more-reliable conclusions about the specific effects of the solution-coating process on device stability to be made. The mini-review is intended to introduce the work done to-date on the causes of lower stability in SOL OLEDs and to stimulate further work for the purpose of closing the existing knowledge gap in this area and surmounting this long-standing challenge in the SOL OLED technology.
Assessment of left ventricular function in diabetes mellitus patients with real-time triplane tissue Doppler imaging and the relationship with hemoglobin A1c (2010)

Objective To discuss the clinical value of real-time triplane tissue Doppler imaging (Triplane-TDI) in evaluating left ventricular function in diabetes mellitus patients, and to evaluate the relationship between cardiac function change and the level of hemoglobin A1c. Methods Fifty DM2 patients and 50 age-and sex-matched normal controls were enrolled. Peak velocity of the mitral annulus, peak velocity and peak strain rates of the basal segment and middle segment were measured with real-time triplane quantitative tissue velocity imaging and strain rate imaging. HbA1c of DM2 patients were obtained. Results There was no significant difference in left ventricular global systolic function between the two groups (P0.05). Compared with control group, left ventricular global diastolic and regional systolic and diastolic function reduced in DM2 (P0.05). Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction was linear related with HbA1c. Conclusion Triplane-TDI can be used as a sensitive mean for prediction of the subclinical cardiac dysfunction in DM2 patients. According to HbA1c, impaired diastolic function in DM2 patients can be understood.
Catalytic Oxidation of 1,1 -Dichloroethane (1989)

The catalytic oxidation of 1,1-dichloroethane was investigated over a commercial Cr2O3/Al2O3 catalyst at 500ppm and 30 to 500°C. Vinyl chloride was observed as an intermediate in the oxidation process, being formed to significant extents between 230 and 330°C. This suggests HCI abstraction as the first step in the catalytic oxidation process. Similar experiments on 1.1,1-trichloroethane showed the presence of a 1,1-dichloroelhylene intermediate, supporting the HCI abstraction hypothesis. In both cases, no carbon-chlorine bonds were left at 500°C. No significant carbon monoxide formation was observed, with the material balance on carbon atoms being satisfied by carbon dioxide at 500°C.
Facile silicification of plastic surface for bioassays (2017)

We herein report a biomimetic technique to modify plastic substrates for bioassays. The method first places a polydopamine adhesion layer to plastic surface, and then grows conformal silica coating. As proof of principle, we coated plastic microbeads to construct a disposable filter for point-of-care nucleic acid extraction.
Dispersion of Functionalized Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes (2009)

The dispersion of functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) in various solvents is characterized. The nanotubes were functionalized using a Birch alkylation method that afforded a 50−100% increase in o-dichlorobenzene solubility while rendering measurable solubility in otherwise insoluble chloroform and decreasing solubility in N,N-dimethylformamide and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone. Dispersibility was contingent on fostering polar interactions between the functionalized nanotubes and solvent despite the purely dispersive nature of the aliphatic chains. Interpretation of these results was performed using the Hansen solubility parameters and the three component surface energy analysis pioneered by van Oss and co-workers. It was found that the simplest interpretation of the Hansen solubility parameter scheme was unable to explain the data. In contrast, the surface energy analysis provides a robust interpretation of the solubility and yields values of 45.6 ± 1.2, 0.78 ± 0.04, and 2.4 ± 0.9 mJ/m2 for the Lifshitz−van der Waals (γLW), electron acceptor (γ+), and electron donor (γ−) surface energy components respectively.
Engineering Custom TLP I-V Characteristic Using a SCR-Diode Series ESD Protection Concept (2023)

This work demonstrates an SCR-Diode series ESD Protection concept, which can be engineered to provide a custom TLP I-V characteristic. SCRs and diodes with dimensional variations have been used in different combinations and width ratios, which results in a range of TLP I-V characteristics. This protection circuit comes with several advantages as adaptability for various ESD protection windows, the benefits of using SCR as a protection device and the ease of designing the circuit. Along with TCAD studies, experimental data demonstrates that N-well and P-well doping of SCR can be used to further tune the Vhold and Ron of the protection circuit.
Mitochondrial Heat Shock Protein-90 Modulates Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Survival and the Vascular Injury Response in Vivo (2012)

The healing response of blood vessels from the vascular injury induced by therapeutic interventions is characterized by increased cellularity and tissue remodeling. Frequently, this leads to intimal hyperplasia and lumen narrowing, with significant clinical sequelae. Vascular smooth muscle cells are the primary cell type involved in this process, wherein they express a dedifferentiated phenotype that transiently resembles neoplastic transformation. Recent studies have highlighted the role of mitochondrial proteins, such as the molecular chaperone heat shock protein-90 (Hsp90), in promoting cancer cell survival, which leads to new candidate chemotherapeutic agents for neoplastic disease. Herein, we identify mitochondrial Hsp90 as a key modulator of the vascular injury response. Hsp90 expression is up-regulated in injured arteries and colocalizes with the apoptosis inhibitor, survivin, in vascular smooth muscle cell in vitro and in vivo. By using a proteomic approach, we demonstrate that targeted disruption of mitochondrial Hsp90 chaperone function in vascular smooth muscle cell leads to loss of cytoprotective client proteins (survivin and Akt), induces mitochondrial permeability, and leads to apoptotic cell death. Hsp90 targeting using a cell-permeable peptidomimetic agent resulted in marked attenuation of neointimal lesions in a murine arterial injury model. These findings suggest that mitochondrial Hsp90 chaperone function is an important regulator of intimal hyperplasia and may have implications for molecular strategies that promote the long-term patency of cardiovascular interventions.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkylation Reactions of Propargyl Alcohol; Improved Routes to Prostaglandin α‐Side Chain Precursors. (1987)

Abstract An improved synthetic route to the key prostaglandin α‐side chain precursor (VI) or the corresponding ether (VII) uses the orthoester (IIIa) which is available from the nitrile (I) via (II) as starting compound.
Microfluidic Production of Spherical and Nonspherical Fat Particles by Thermal Quenching of Crystallizable Oils (2013)

We report the microfluidic production of spherical and nonspherical fat particles from crystallizable oils. The method is based on microfluidic generation of oil droplets at a cross-junction followed by thermal solidification downstream in a microcapillary. We vary the drop production conditions and the device temperature and demonstrate that the size, shape, and crystallinity can be controlled. By measuring thermal gradients in the microcapillary, we show that crystalline fat particles are best produced when the device temperature is below the onset temperature of bulk fat crystallization. To produce monodisperse nonspherical fat particles, we find that the carrier fluid flow rate needs to be sufficiently high to provide strong hydrodynamic forces to transport the confined rod-like particles. We identify the scaling relationship between geometric confinement and particle elasticity necessary to maintain the nonspherical shape. Thus, our study provides guidelines for the production of spherical and nonspherical fat particles that can be potentially used for controlling microstructure, rheology, and drug encapsulation in foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical creams that employ crystallizable oils.
Reduction in the reconstruction error of computer-generated holograms by photorefractive volume holography (1993)

We suggest a method for coding high-resolution computer-generated volume holograms. It involves splitting the computer-generated hologram into multiple holograms, their individual recording as volume holograms by use of the maximal resolution available from the spatial light modulator, and subsequent simultaneous reconstruction. We demonstrate the recording and the reconstruction of a computer-generated volume hologram with a space-bandwidth product much higher than the limitation imposed by the interfacing spatial light modulator. Finally, we analyze the scheduling procedure of the multiple holographic recording process in photorefractive medium in this specific application.
Synthetic CT noise emulation in the raw data domain (2010)

Synthetic CT noise emulation in the raw data domain is reported. A method that synthetically adds noise directly in the raw data domain (i.e., before the negative log and associated pre processing) is presented. Initial results are obtained for a noise simulation method that lowers the effective tube current for a CT data set while considering quantum noise, electronic noise, bowtie filtration, and kVp. Focus is on simulation results where the control is more on the parameters generating many realizations.
[Using UV-Vis Absorbance for Characterization of Maturity in Composting Process with Different Materials]. (2015)

The present study was conducted to assess the degree of humification in DOM during composting using different raw materials, and their effect on maturity of compost based on UV-Vis spectra measurements and chemometrics method. The raw materials of composting studied included chicken manure, pig manure, kitchen waste, lawn waste, fruits and vegetables waste, straw waste, green waste, sludge, and municipal solid waste. During composting, the parameters of UV-Vis spectra of DOM, including SUVA254 , SUVA280 , E250/E365, E4/E6, E2/E4, E2/E6, E253/E203, E253/E220, A226-400, S275-295 and S350-400 were calculated, Statistical analysis indicated that all the parameter were significantly changed during composting. SUVA254 and SUVA280 of DOM were continuously increased, E250/E365 and E4/E6 were continuously decreased in DOM, while A226-400, S275-295 and S350-400 of DOM at the final stage were significantly different with those at other stages of composting. Correlation analysis indicated that the parameters were significantly correlated with each other except for E2/E4 and E235/E203. Furthermore, principal component analysis suggested that A226-400, SUVA254, S350-400, SUVA280 and S275~295 were reasonable parameters for assessing the compost maturity. To distinguish maturity degree among different composts, hierarchical cluster analysis, an integrated tool utilizing multiple UV-Vis parameters, was performed based on the data (A226-400, SUVA254, S350-400, SUVA280 and S275-295) of DOM derived from the final stage of composting. Composts from different sources were clustered into 2 groups. The first group included chicken manure, pig manure, lawn waste, fruits and vegetables waste, green waste, sludge, and municipal solid waste characterized by a lower maturity degree, and the second group contained straw waste and kitchen waste associated with a higher maturity degree. The above results suggest that a multi-index of UV-Vis spectra could accurately evaluate the compost maturity, and A226-400, SUVA254, S350-400, SUVA280 and S275-295 of DOM could serve as primary parameters when the compost maturity was assessed using UV-Vis spectra.
Optimal baseline prostate-specific antigen level to distinguish risk of prostate cancer in healthy men between 40 and 69 years of age (2012)

The present study evaluated optimal baseline prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level at different ages in order to determine the risk of developing prostate cancer (CaP). We analyzed 6,651 Korean men, aged 40-69 yr. The serum PSA levels for these men were measured at one institute from 2000 to 2004 and were determined to be between 0-4 ng/ mL. Patients were divided into 4 groups of 25th-percentile intervals, based on initial PSA level. Of these, the group with an increased risk was selected, and the optimal value was determined by the maximal area under a receiver-operating characteristic curve within the selected group. The risk of CaP diagnosis was evaluated by Cox regression. The mean follow-up period was 8.3 yr. CaP was detected in 27 of the 6,651 subjects. CaP detection rate was increased according to age. The optimal PSA value to distinguish the risk of CaP was 2.0 ng/mL for 50- to 69-yr-olds. Patients with a baseline PSA level greater than the optimal value had a 27.78 fold increase in the prostate cancer risk. Baseline PSA values are useful for determining the risk of developing CaP in Korean men for 50- and 69-yr-old. We suggest that PSA testing intervals be modified based on their baseline PSA levels.
Supplementary Figure 4 from Ligand-Independent Toll-like Receptor Signals Generated by Ectopic Overexpression of MyD88 Generate Local and Systemic Antitumor Immunity (2023)

Supplementary Figure 4 from Ligand-Independent Toll-like Receptor Signals Generated by Ectopic Overexpression of MyD88 Generate Local and Systemic Antitumor Immunity