gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Higher-order mode internal electrostatic transduction of a bulk-mode ring resonator on a quartz substrate (2009)

This paper reports the use of internal electrostatic transduction to excite and detect the fifth bulk lateral mode of a 54 mum outer-diameter, 12 mum-wide, and 2.5 mum-thick poly-silicon ring resonator at 1.95 GHz, with a quality factor Q~8000 in room air. The resonator is fabricated on a quartz substrate to reduce electrical feedthrough. The transducer is a sandwich of 500 nm of electrically floating polysilicon between layers of 50 nm of Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> , formed by refill of a trench etched in the structural polysilicon layer. This scalable double-gap internal electrostatic transducer is compatible with conventional optical lithography, since its critical dimensions are defined by deposition.
NANO-MATERIALS 2004: beyond traditional material discipline (2004)

"NANO-MATERIALS 2004: beyond traditional material discipline." Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, 5(4), p. 407
Software Defined Networking (Dagstuhl Seminar 12363) (2013)

This report documents the talks and discussions of Dagstuhl Seminar 12363 "Software Defined Networking". The presented talks represent a spectrum of industrial and academic work as well as both technical and organizational developments surrounding Software Defined Networking (SDN). The topic of SDN has garnered significant attention over the past few years in the networking community and beyond, and indeed the term "Software Defined Networking" itself carries different meaning among different circles. A key focus of the talks and discussions presented here is to capture the essence of SDN through concrete network applications, operational experience reports, and open research problems.
An analysis of phase II and III therapeutic cancer vaccine trials and review of the successes and failures behind 10 different vaccine modalities. (2015)

3078 Background: Between 1996-2014, the FDA approved 175 drugs for the treatment of various indications of oncology and despite the progress that has been made in other forms of cancer therapy, Provenge (Sipuleucel-T) is the only therapeutic vaccine that has received FDA approval for the treatment of cancer. To understand the current landscape of therapeutic oncology vaccines, an analysis of cancer vaccines under in phase 2 and phase 3 investigation was performed. Methods: A search of the terms “vaccine” and “cancer” or “oncology was performed on the clinicaltrials.gov. registry and medtrack. A literature review was also performed to identify factors that have impacted the perceived success or failure of 10 different vaccines. Results: Database analysis of 451 phase 2 and phase 3 therapeutic cancer vaccine trials identified the most targeted indications, vaccine modalities, adjuvant and vaccine-treatment combinations and highlighted the shift in trends between studies completed prior to 2014 and those with completion scheduled after 2014. Despite the lower number of phase 3 compared to phase 2 trials, the registration of phase 3 trials between 2010 and 2014 appeared stable indicating continued investment in the development of immunotherapeutic vaccines at this stage. The review of vaccine trials revealed that patient characteristics (disease stage, HLA-type, MGMT status, antigen signature) and combination treatments had an impact on on vaccine success while the detection of immune responses was found to be important, provided parameters such as tumour antigen expression, breadth and magnitude of the response and correspondence to intra-tumour responses were considered. Conclusions: Identification of factors that can impact on vaccine success and their implementation into study design could ensure vaccine trials are best matched to patients most likely to benefit from the selected mode of vaccination, improving the outlook for both the patient and the development of therapeutic cancer vaccines.
Multicomponent Synthesis of 3-Indolepropionic Acids (2006)

A three-component one-pot procedure (3-MC) was developed to assemble 3-indolepropionic acids from commercially available materials. This new methodology affords the title compounds in high yields and without the use of chromatography. [reaction: see text].
Comprehensive design analysis of QFN and PowerQFN packages for enhanced board level solder joint reliability (2003)

Board level solder joint reliability is a critical issue for Quad Flat Non-lead Package (QFN), a type of leadframe CSP, during the thermal cycling test. However, currently there are very few papers available on fatigue modeling and thermal cycling test of QFN on board. In this paper, a parametric 3D FEA sliced model is built for QFN (4/spl times/4, 5/spl times/5, 6/spl times/6, 7/spl times/7, and 8/spl times/8) and PowerQFN-8/spl times/8 on board with considerations of detailed pad design, realistic shape of solder joint and solder fillet, and non-linear material properties. It has the capability to predict the fatigue life of solder joint during the thermal cycling test. The fatigue model applied is based on Darveaux's approach with non-linear viscoplastic analysis of solder joints. The solder joint damage model is used to establish a connection between the strain energy density (SED) per cycle obtained from the FEA model and the actual characteristic life during the thermal cycling test. Higher SED leads to shorter fatigue life. For the test vehicles studied, the maximum SED is observed mostly at the top corner of peripheral solder joint.
A DHCP-based IP address autoconfiguration for MANETs (2006)

Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) are expected to become more and more important in the upcoming years, playing a significant role in 4G networks. In order to enable the deployment of IP services in such networks, IP address autoconfiguration mechanisms are required. Although the ad hoc topic has been a very intense research area, with a plethora of published papers about routing, there is a lack of proposals of address autoconfiguration with enough support from the technical community. This paper presents a mechanism suited for MANETs connected to the Internet, reusing existing and widely deployed address autoconfiguration protocols, such as DHCPv6 and Router Advertisements.
Hollow Atomic Force Microscopy Probes for Nanoscale Dispensing of Liquids (2008)

To enable the printing of nanometer sized droplets with volumes in the femto and attoliter range and sub-micron droplet spacing, a nanoscale dispenser (NADIS) based on an atomic force microscopy probe has been developed and microfabricated. The probe consists of a cantilever with a hollow core, which is connected to a reservoir located in the chip. The hollow cantilever acts as a microfluidic channel that connects the reservoir to the dispensing tip located at the free end of the cantilever. The tip possesses an opening at its apex with a typical size of 200 nm, realized by focus ion beam milling. The transfer of liquid from the tip opening to the surface occurs by contacting the probe tip with the sample surface and is driven by capillary pressure alone. To overcome the serial manner of writing by using a single probe, arrays of hollow AFM probes were fabricated. The feasibility to dispense droplets in parallel has been demonstrated.
In Vitro Metabolism of a Model Cyclopropylamine to Reactive Intermediate: Insights into Trovafloxacin-Induced Hepatotoxicity (2008)

Trovafloxacin (Trovan) is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic drug with a long half-life and broad-spectrum activity. Since its entry into the market in 1998, trovafloxacin has been associated with numerous cases of hepatotoxicity, which has limited its clinical usefulness. Trovafloxacin possesses two substructural elements that have the potential to generate reactive intermediates: a cyclopropylamine moiety and a difluoroanilino system. The results presented here describe the in vitro metabolic activation of a synthetic drug model (DM) of trovafloxacin that contains the cyclopropylamine moiety. Cyclopropylamine can be oxidized to reactive ring-opened products-a carbon-centered radical and a subsequently oxidized alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehyde. Experiments with monoamine oxygenases, horseradish peroxidase, flavin monooxygenase 3, and cDNA-expressed P450 isoenzymes revealed that P450 1A2 oxidizes DM to a reactive alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehyde, M 1. Furthermore, myeloperoxidase (MPO) was also demonstrated to oxidize DM in the presence of chloride ion to produce M 1. DM proved to be a suicide inhibitor of MPO while showing no inhibition of P450 1A2. The structure of the reactive metabolite was confirmed by LC-MS/MS analysis by comparison with a synthetic standard. M 1 was further shown to react with glutathione and the related thiol nucleophile, 4-bromobenzyl mercaptan, suggesting the potential of this intermediate to react with protein nucleophiles. In summary, these data provide evidence that trovafloxacin-induced hepatotoxicity may be mediated through the oxidation of the cyclopropylamine substructure to reactive intermediates that may form covalent adducts to hepatic proteins, resulting in damage to liver tissue.
Reactions of graphene supported Co3O4nanocubes with lithium and magnesium studied byin situtransmission electron microscopy (2016)

Reaction beyond intercalation and the utilization of metal ions beyond lithium-ions are two promising approaches for developing the next generation of high capacity and low cost energy storage materials. Here, we use graphene supported Co3O4 nanocubes and study their reaction with lithium, magnesium and aluminum using in situ transmission electron microscopy. On lithiation, the Co3O4 nanocubes decompose to Co metal nanoparticles (2 to 3 nm) and embed in as-formed Li2O matrix; conversely, the CoO nanoparticles form on the Co site accompanying the decomposition of Li2O in the delithiation process. The lithiation process is dominated by surface diffusion of Li(+), and graphene sheets enhance the Li(+) diffusion. However, upon charge with magnesium, the Mg(2+) diffusion is sluggish, and there is no sign of conversion reaction between Mg and Co3O4 at room temperature. Instead, a thin film consisting of metal Mg nanoparticles is formed on the surface of graphene due to a process similar to metal plating. The Al(3+) diffusion is even more sluggish and no reaction between Al and Co3O4 is observed. These findings provide insights to tackle the reaction mechanism of multivalent ions with electrode materials.
Solution-Processable Field-Effect Transistor Using a Fluorene- and Selenophene-Based Copolymer as an Active Layer (2006)

We have synthesized a new p-type polymer, poly(9,9‘-n-dioctylfluorene-alt-biselenophene) (F8Se2), via the palladium-catalyzed Suzuki coupling reaction. The number-average molecular weight (Mn) of F8Se2 was found to be 72 600. F8Se2 dissolves in common organic solvents such as chloroform and chlorobenzene. The PL emission peak of a film of F8Se2 is clearly red-shifted with respect to that of its sulfur analogue, poly(9,9‘-n-dioctylfluorene-alt-bithiophene) (F8T2), due to the electron-donating properties of selenium and the strong interactions between the biselenophene moieties in neighboring copolymer chains. We confirmed that F8Se2 is a thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer with an aligned structure by carrying out DSC, PLM, and XRD measurements. The introduction of the selenophene moiety into the liquid-crystalline polymer system results in better field-effect transistor (FET) performance than that of F8T2. A solution-processed F8Se2 FET device with a bottom contact geometry was found to exhibit a hole mobility of 0.012 cm2/(V s) and a low threshold voltage of −4 V, which is the one of the highest solution-processable FET performances.
Motorisierte Spiralenteroskopie: Endergebnisse der ersten klinischen Studie (2018)

Aktuelle Standardverfahren zur Endoskopie des Dünndarms sind komplex und zeitintensiv. Die neue Technologie der motorisierten Spiralenteroskopie (Novel Motorized Spiral Enteroscopy, NMSE) offeriert alle Vorteile der klassischen Spiralenteroskopie und verspricht gegenüber bisherigen Enteroskopieverfahren eine kürzere Behandlungsdauer bei größerer Eindringtiefe.
Cartilage T2 Relaxation Times are Related to Walking Asymmetries in Osteoarthritic Knees (2023)

In this exploratory study, we examine relationships between joint function and cartilage composition in individuals with knee osteoarthritis (OA). MRI T2 relaxation times were used to assess articular cartilage and joint kinematics were recorded over walking gait cycles using video-motion analysis. There were significant correlations between cartilage T2 relaxation times and knee flexion, extension, and swing-stance ratio in both affected and contralateral legs. MRI measures of cartilage quality and joint function provide complimentary information that may be useful in measuring disease progression and intervention effectiveness using MRI.
Silicate Urolithiasis (1984)

Urinary tract silicate calculi are rare. Occurrence is limited strictly to patients who ingest magnesium trisilicate antacids. We report a case of a renal silicate calculus and review the subject of silicate stones.
Periodic system of elements (detailed version) (2006)

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Models for guidance in kagome-structured hollow-core photonic crystal fibres (2007)

We demonstrate by numerical simulation that the general features of the loss spectrum of photonic crystal fibres (PCF) with a kagome structure can be explained by simple models consisting of thin concentric hexagons or rings of glass in air.These easily analysed models provide increased understanding of the mechanism of guidance in kagome PCF, and suggest ways in which the high-loss resonances in the loss spectrum may be shifted.
Association of germline variation with androgen ablation (AA) failure in advanced hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (HSPC). (2015)

209 Background: Predictive markers of response to AA are not known. In a prior study, we found that 8 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 4 candidate hormone-related genes (JAK2, TRMT11, NKX3-1 and HSD17B12) were associated with response to AA in HSPC in a North American cohort of 519 subjects. We attempt to replicate these findings in a cohort of Portuguese patients. Methods: The Portuguese cohort consisted of 308 HSPC patients, and the primary endpoint was time to AA failure, defined as time from initiating continuous AA to two serial PSA increases over the nadir, initiation of chemotherapy for progressive disease, or clinical or imaging based progression, whichever came first. For each SNP, we calculated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for time to AA failure using a recessive model with adjustment for Gleason score (GS). Results: The median age of the Portuguese cohort was 69 years (range 43, 85). The GS distribution was 35% subjects with GS≥8; 35% with GS=7 and 30% with GS&lt;7. Median time to AA failure for the cohort was 1.8 years (IQ range: 0.3, 3.6). Association of each SNP with time to AA failure is shown in the Table. None of the SNPs replicated. However, there was a suggestive inverse association for rs10503733 (NKX3.1) with time to AA failure (P=0.07). Conclusions: While we were not able to replicate our initial findings, there was an unexpected association with rs10503733 (NKX3.1 gene) that may warrant additional clinical validation. [Table: see text]
Advances in synchronous machines employing high temperature superconductors (HTS) (2003)

In last few years, a number of superconducting S rotating machines with High Temperature Superconducting (HTS) field windings have been demonstrated and several projects are currently transitioning to advanced development stages. This paper reviews the history of superconducting rotating machine development worldwide utilizing superconducting field windings both Low Temperature Superconductor (LTS) and HTS. Replacement of conventional copper field winding with a superconducting field winding yields rotating machines with superior performance, higher reliability and easier operation. Such synchronous machines with superconducting field windings have been in development since mid-sixties. Initially the field windings employed low temperature superconductors, which did not yield economically attractive devices due to small thermal margin of the field winding and complex rotor cooling system. The HTS provide much larger thermal margin and enable much simpler rotor cooling systems. This has provided a new impetus to development of such machines for Naval and commercial applications. HTS machines in rating from a few kilowatts to several megawatts have been demonstrated in US and Europe. Currently, large high-torque ship propulsion motor and large generator prototypes are under development and are expected to be commercially available in the next few years. Improved life, smaller size, less weight, and higher efficiency benefits are providing incentive for development of large HTS machines.
The Control of Single-Celled Cotton Fiber Elongation by Developmentally Reversible Gating of Plasmodesmata and Coordinated Expression of Sucrose and K+ Transporters and Expansin (2001)

Each cotton fiber is a single cell that elongates to 2.5 to 3.0 cm from the seed coat epidermis within approximately 16 days after anthesis (DAA). To elucidate the mechanisms controlling this rapid elongation, we studied the gating of fiber plasmodesmata and the expression of the cell wall-loosening gene expansin and plasma membrane transporters for sucrose and K(+), the major osmotic solutes imported into fibers. Confocal imaging of the membrane-impermeant fluorescent solute carboxyfluorescein (CF) revealed that the fiber plasmodesmata were initially permeable to CF (0 to 9 DAA), but closed at approximately 10 DAA and re-opened at 16 DAA. A developmental switch from simple to branched plasmodesmata was also observed in fibers at 10 DAA. Coincident with the transient closure of the plasmodesmata, the sucrose and K(+) transporter genes were expressed maximally in fibers at 10 DAA with sucrose transporter proteins predominately localized at the fiber base. Consequently, fiber osmotic and turgor potentials were elevated, driving the rapid phase of elongation. The level of expansin mRNA, however, was high at the early phase of elongation (6 to 8 DAA) and decreased rapidly afterwards. The fiber turgor was similar to the underlying seed coat cells at 6 to 10 DAA and after 16 DAA. These results suggest that fiber elongation is initially achieved largely by cell wall loosening and finally terminated by increased wall rigidity and loss of higher turgor. To our knowledge, this study provides an unprecedented demonstration that the gating of plasmodesmata in a given cell is developmentally reversible and is coordinated with the expression of solute transporters and the cell wall-loosening gene. This integration of plasmodesmatal gating and gene expression appears to control fiber cell elongation.
Design Considerations and Validation of Trailing Edge Pressure Side Bleed Cooling (2009)

One important design measure, which allows achieving a higher efficiency in heavy-duty gas turbines, is reducing the trailing edge thickness of the turbine vanes and blades. A common approach to achieve an efficient cooling of thin trailing edges is pressure side coolant ejection. As the trailing edge is one of the areas of the vanes and blades with the highest heat load, a careful design and validation approach is required. First, the most important design parameters were identified for the design of pressure side bleed. In the present investigation, focus is given to the blockage of the internal features, slot width, overhang length, pressure side lip thickness, effect of rotation and blowing rate. Flat plate test results from a low speed rig are used to choose suitable parameters, which fulfill requirements of a specific design. Previous investigations have shown that contrary to CFD using steady RaNS, unsteady detached eddy simulations can predict film effectiveness of pressure side bleed with good accuracy. Therefore, this approach is used to complete experimental data. The effect of going from low speed rig conditions to engine conditions is modeled with this approach. The final design is investigated in a high-speed cascade rig. Film effectiveness is measured using thermocromic liquid crystals. The cascade results confirm results from the low speed rig. High levels of film effectiveness allow effective cooling of the trailing edge overhang.
Application of nano-polycrystalline diamond to laser-heated diamond anvil cell experiments (2010)

Laser heating in diamond anvil cell (DAC) equipped with nano-polycrystalline diamond (NPD) anvils was tested for the first time using various types of lasers. An NPD-based DAC was found to provide better heating efficiency than a standard DAC with single-crystal anvils, probably due to the order of magnitude lower thermal conductivity of the NPD. We observed high-temperature generation exceeding 5000 and 3500 K during laser heating of hcp-Fe sample at pressures of ∼100 and ∼170 GPa, respectively. The results of the present study demonstrate promising potential of laser-heated nano-polycrystalline DAC for the generation of very high temperature under multi-megabar pressure conditions equivalent to those of the Earth's core.
CT Demonstration of Prominent Right Hilar Soft (1987)

Three cases of normal soft tissue collections of the right hilum which could be confused with thrombus of the right pulmonary artery or adenopathy are demonstrated. These abnormalities are due to normal accumulations of hilar fat and lymph nodes. Their typical appearance allows easy recognition.
Comparative evaluation of two severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) vaccine candidates in mice challenged with SARS coronavirus (2006)

Two different severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) vaccine strategies were evaluated for their ability to protect against live SARS coronavirus (CoV) challenge in a murine model of infection. A whole killed (inactivated by beta-propiolactone) SARS-CoV vaccine and a combination of two adenovirus-based vectors, one expressing the nucleocapsid (N) and the other expressing the spike (S) protein (collectively designated Ad S/N), were evaluated for the induction of serum neutralizing antibodies and cellular immune responses and their ability to protect against pulmonary SARS-CoV replication. The whole killed virus (WKV) vaccine given subcutaneously to 129S6/SvEv mice was more effective than the Ad S/N vaccine administered either intranasally or intramuscularly in inhibiting SARS-CoV replication in the murine respiratory tract. This protective ability of the WKV vaccine correlated with the induction of high serum neutralizing-antibody titres, but not with cellular immune responses as measured by gamma interferon secretion by mouse splenocytes. Titres of serum neutralizing antibodies induced by the Ad S/N vaccine administered intranasally or intramuscularly were significantly lower than those induced by the WKV vaccine. However, Ad S/N administered intranasally, but not intramuscularly, significantly limited SARS-CoV replication in the lungs. Among the vaccine groups, SARS-CoV-specific IgA was found only in the sera of mice immunized intranasally with Ad S/N, suggesting that mucosal immunity may play a role in protection for the intranasal Ad S/N delivery system. Finally, the sera of vaccinated mice contained antibodies to S, further suggesting a role for this protein in conferring protective immunity against SARS-CoV infection.