gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous Additive Nanopatterning from Solution Route Using Selective Wetting (2018)

Nanopatterns of functional materials have successfully led innovations in a wide range of fields, but further exploration of their full potential has often been limited because of complex and cost-inefficient patterning processes. We here propose an additive nanopatterning process of functional materials from solution route using selective wetting phenomenon. The proposed process can produce nanopatterns as narrow as 150 nm with high yield over large area at ultrahigh process speed, that is, the speed of solution dragging, of up to ca. 4.6 m·min<sup>-1</sup>. The process is highly versatile that it can utilize a wide range of solution materials, control vertical structures including pattern thickness and multistacks, and produce nanopatterns on various substrates with emerging form factors such as foldability and disposability. The solution patterning in nanoscale by selective wetting is enabled by corresponding surface energy patterns in high contrast that are achieved by one-step imprinting onto hydrophobic/hydrophilic bilayers. The mechanisms and control parameters for the solution patterning are revealed by fluid-dynamic simulation. With the aforementioned advantages, we demonstrate 25 400 pixel-per-inch light-emitting pixel arrays and a plasmonic color filter of 10 cm × 10 cm area on a plastic substrate as potential applications.
Proteomics Analysis Unravels the Functional Repertoire of Coronavirus Nonstructural Protein 3 (2008)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus infection and growth are dependent on initiating signaling and enzyme actions upon viral entry into the host cell. Proteins packaged during virus assembly may subsequently form the first line of attack and host manipulation upon infection. A complete characterization of virion components is therefore important to understanding the dynamics of early stages of infection. Mass spectrometry and kinase profiling techniques identified nearly 200 incorporated host and viral proteins. We used published interaction data to identify hubs of connectivity with potential significance for virion formation. Surprisingly, the hub with the most potential connections was not the viral M protein but the nonstructural protein 3 (nsp3), which is one of the novel virion components identified by mass spectrometry. Based on new experimental data and a bioinformatics analysis across the Coronaviridae, we propose a higher-resolution functional domain architecture for nsp3 that determines the interaction capacity of this protein. Using recombinant protein domains expressed in Escherichia coli, we identified two additional RNA-binding domains of nsp3. One of these domains is located within the previously described SARS-unique domain, and there is a nucleic acid chaperone-like domain located immediately downstream of the papain-like proteinase domain. We also identified a novel cysteine-coordinated metal ion-binding domain. Analyses of interdomain interactions and provisional functional annotation of the remaining, so-far-uncharacterized domains are presented. Overall, the ensemble of data surveyed here paint a more complete picture of nsp3 as a conserved component of the viral protein processing machinery, which is intimately associated with viral RNA in its role as a virion component.
Biomechanics of Running with a Commercially Available Non-Custom Athletic Footwear Insole (2015)

A commercially available non-custom athletic footwear (AF) insole has recently been developed and is claimed to help prevent and treat running injuries such as patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS), plantar faciitis (PF), and tibial stress syndrome (TSS); however, no data are available to support whether these insoles influence biomechanical variables associated with these injuries. PURPOSE: To determine if the AF insole alters biomechanical variables associated with PFPS, PF and TSS. METHODS: Fifteen uninjured participants completed 5 trials running at 4m/s along a 30m runway with each of two conditions: (1) their own running shoe, control (CON), and (2) #1 with the AF insole placed within the shoe. As participants ran, 3D trajectories of the participant’s right lower leg and foot, and 3D ground reaction force data were recorded. Kinetic and kinematic data were used to calculate the following biomechanical variables: (1) knee abduction angular impulse during stance phase (associated with PFPS), (2) peak foot eversion angle during stance phase (associated with PF and TSS), and (3) peak foot eversion velocity during stance (associated with TSS). Two-tailed paired-samples t-tests were used to compare the CON and AF insole conditions. RESULTS: No significant differences were observed between the CON and AF insole conditions for knee abduction angular impulses (CON: 10.3±5.4 Nms, AF insole: 9.6±4.7 Nms, p=0.26), peak foot eversion angles (CON: 11.1±4.5 deg, AF insole: 10.8±4.3 deg, p=0.64) or peak foot eversion velocities (CON: 378±108 deg/s, AF insole: 408±122 deg/s, p=0.06). However, individually, many participants (7/15 for knee abduction angular impulse, 11/15 for peak foot eversion and eversion velocity) experienced relevant biomechanical changes of ± 10% or more with the AF insole. CONCLUSIONS: AF insoles have an influence on biomechanical variables associated with PFPS, PF or TSS for individual runners; however, their influence is not systematic across participants. Consequently, the AF insoles may offer benefit to some runners, but be detrimental to others.
Dissecting in vitro host cell infection by Plasmodium sporozoites using flow cytometry (2007)

The study of the liver stage of malaria has been hampered by limitations in the experimental approaches required to effectively dissect and quantify hepatocyte infection by Plasmodium. Here, we report on the use of flow cytometry, in conjunction with GFP-expressing Plasmodium sporozoites, to assess the various steps that constitute a successful malaria liver infection: cell traversal, hepatocyte invasion and intrahepatocyte parasite development. We show that this rapid, efficient and inexpensive method can be used to overcome current limitations in the independent quantification of those steps, facilitating routine or large-scale studies of host-pathogen molecular interactions.
Inactivation of the macrolide antibiotics erythromycin, midecamycin, and rokitamycin by pathogenic Nocardia species (1994)

A survey of five Nocardia spp. with respect to susceptibility towards three macrolides (erythromycin, rokitamycin, and midecamycin) showed that the Nocardia spp. have different susceptibility profiles. Most of the resistance was due to the inactivation of the macrolides by phosphorylation, glycosylation, reduction, deacylation, or a combination thereof.
The Snowball Effect: Detailing Performance Anomalies of 802.11 Rate Adaptation (2007)

Current rate adaptation schemes for 802.11 exhibit sudden and severe drops in throughput in real application scenarios. Although there have been several propositions to remedy such rate adaptation failures, there has not been a thorough analysis of the causes that lead to such a "snowball effect." This paper provides an analysis of the factors that lead to the poor performance of current rate adaptation schemes in real environments. We show that current rate adaptation schemes fail because they do not differentiate between poor channel conditions and collisions as the source of transmission failures, and consequently invoke improper responses that cascade to dramatic throughput degradation. We support the analysis through experimentation with real data from a wireless video surveillance application, and provide recommendations for the next generation of WiFi rate control schemes.
Load balancing and dynamic scaling of cache storage against zipfian workloads (2014)

We investigate near-optimal load balancing and auto-scaling solutions that can get the best delay performance while attaining high utilization in two-tier cloud storage systems. The first tier consists of a distributed cache composed of leased resources from a computing cloud (e.g., Amazon EC2) and the second tier consists of a persistent distributed storage (e.g., Amazon S3). At any point in time our solutions dynamically determine how many cache servers should be active as the incoming load, object popularities, and service rate of persistent storage are subject to change. We first present a load balancing solution for a given set of cache servers that can evenly distribute the load against workloads with an unknown Zipf distribution while keeping the overall cache hit ratios close to the maximum. Building on this load balancer, we then present our auto-scaling solution that uses the request backlogs in the caching tier to determine the number of active cache servers to be used in the next epoch. Via simulations, we show that the end-to-end design is quite effective in converging to the right amount of service capacity against the system dynamics.
Sterilization and Biologic Monitoring in Private Dental Clinics in Lebanon (2018)

This study presents the first published data relative to sterilization practices and effectiveness in private Lebanese dental offices and provides a rationale to implement biologic monitoring protocols in Lebanon as long practiced in developed countries.
Implication of γδ T cells in the human immune response to cytomegalovirus (1999)

In normal individuals, gammadelta T cells account for less than 6% of total peripheral T lymphocytes and mainly express T-cell receptor (TCR) Vdelta2-Vgamma9 chains. We have previously observed a dramatic expansion of gammadelta T cells in the peripheral blood of renal allograft recipients only when they developed cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. This increase was long lasting (more than 1 year), was associated with an activation of gammadelta T cells, and concerned only Vdelta1 or Vdelta3 T-cell subpopulations. Analysis of gammadelta TCR junctional diversity revealed that CMV infection in these patients was accompanied by (a) a marked restriction of CDR3 size distribution in Vdelta3 and, to a lesser extent, in Vdelta1 chains; and (b) a selective expansion of Vdelta1 cells bearing recurrent junctional amino acid motifs. These features are highly suggestive of an in vivo antigen-driven selection of gammadelta T-cell subsets during the course of CMV infection. Furthermore, Vdelta1 and Vdelta3 T cells from CMV-infected kidney recipients were able to proliferate in vitro in the presence of free CMV or CMV-infected fibroblast lysates but not uninfected or other herpes virus-infected fibroblast lysates. This in vitro expansion was inhibited by anti-gammadelta TCR mAb's. These findings suggest that a population of gammadelta T cells might play an important role in the immune response of immunosuppressed patients to CMV infection.
Suramin in hormone-refractory metastatic prostate cancer: a drug with limited efficacy. (1996)

Using this dosing schedule, suramin has limited activity against hormone-refractory metastatic prostate cancer. Recent data suggest that hydrocortisone administered with suramin may be partly responsible for the benefit attributed to the drug. Although a small cohort of patients appeared to benefit, we were unable to confirm the previously reported high rate of activity and durability of remission using this agent.
Neural conversion of human embryonic stem cell colonies in the presence of fibroblast growth factor-2 (2006)

Pluripotency and the capability for unlimited self-renewal make human embryonic stem cells a promising tool for studying development and new cell replacement strategies. Here, we present a simple differentiation protocol, which permits the direct conversion of human embryonic stem cells into neurogenic precursors without formation of embryoid bodies or coculture with other cell types. In this protocol, human embryonic stem cells propagated as adherent cultures are induced to differentiate into the neural lineage in media containing fibroblast growth factor-2. The adherent cells are proliferated to form detaching neurospheres. Upon plating, these neurospheres give rise to a homogenous population of neural precursors capable of generating neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. Our findings suggest that fibroblast growth factor-2 exposure alone suffices to promote neural conversion of adherently growing human embryonic stem cell cultures.
Solution-derived YBa2Cu3O7−δ(YBCO) superconducting films with BaZrO3(BZO) nanodots based on reverse micelle stabilized nanoparticles (2015)

Hybrid solutions of triflouroacetate YBCO precursors and BZO nanoparticles were synthesized and deposited to yield superconducting YBCO–BZO nanocomposite films.
Bio-inspired artificial printed bioelectronic cardio-3D-cellular constructs (2022)

Abstract Bioelectronics is a growing field where novel smart materials are required to interface biology with electronic components. Conductive hydrogels have recently emerged as a promising material for biosensing/actuating applications as they can provide a wet, nanostructured and electrically conductive environment, minimising the mismatch between biological and electronic systems. In this work, we propose a strategy to develop conductive bioinks compatible with the freeform reversible embedding of suspended hydrogels (FRESH) extrusion bioprinting method. These bioinks are based on decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM), extracted from three different tissues (small intestine submucosa, liver and bone) and were characterised. 3D structures were manufactured containing human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs), exhibiting cell viabilities &gt;80%. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were selected as an additional component of the bioinks. The addition of the MWCNTs enhanced the conductive features of the hydrogels and the morphology of the dECM fibres. Electrical stimulation (ES) through alternating currents was applied to hPSC-CMs encapsulated in 3D structures manufactured with the previous material and our results indicated two main findings: (1) in the absence of external ES, the conductive properties of the materials can improve the contractile behaviour of the hPSC-CMs and (2) this effect is significantly enhanced under the application of external ES. Genetic markers analysed showed a trend towards a more mature state of the cells evaluated by the TNNI3/TNNI1 ratio, with upregulated SERCA2 and RYR2 calcium handling proteins when compared to controls and downregulation of calcium channels involved in the generation of pacemaking currents (CACNA1H). These results demonstrate the potential of our strategy to manufacture conductive hydrogels in complex geometries for bioactuating purposes. However, further development of the 3D bioprinting techniques is required to achieve higher control over the nano- and microarchitectures of the structures to improve their biomimicry.
Opsommings Van proefskrifte, verhandelings en ongepubliseerde verslae summaries of theses and unpublished reports (1976)

Six clinical parameters, including AFP and the timing of antiviral therapy, were combined into a scoring system to accurately predict early re-compensation in patients with HBV-related decompensated cirrhosis.
In vitro T- and B-cell reactivity in cartilage hair hypoplasia. (1978)

We have investigated in vivo and in vitro parameters of cellular immunity in ten patients with cartilage hair hypoplasia, CHH. All ten patients displayed a negative skin test to 1 Tu tuberculin, eight patients did not respond to 10 Tu and seven not even to 100 Tu. Six patients were skin test-negative to 1:50 oidiomycin; and three were negative to even 1:10 oidiomycin. The absolute and relative distribution of blood T lymphocytes was normal. The absolute distribution of blood B lymphocytes was slightly decreased in three patients, but all patients had normal levels of IgM, IgG and IgA. Major changes were observed in the proliferative responses of blood leucocytes to mitogens and antigens. Five patients responded suboptimally to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), two to concanavalin A, three patients were hyporesponsive to Staphylococcus aureus strain Cowan I bacteria, six to tuberculin (PPD) and six to oidiomycin. The in vitro responses of two patients were entirely normal. Except for three patients responding suboptimally to PPD or oidiomycin only, the reduced responses were all confined to the five patients responding suboptimally to PHA. The suboptimally responding patients displayed normal dose–response profiles to both PHA and Con A. The in vitro hyporeactivity was a persistent phenomenon, as the pattern of PHA and Con A reactivity was essentially similar when the same patients had been tested to the same mitogens 5 years earlier. Except for the skin test hyporeactivity, none of these patients displayed any detectable clinical handicap, suggesting that the Finnish variant of the syndrome is dissimilar from the Amish variant, where the in vitro deficiency to mitogens and antigens is related to susceptibility to severe and often fatal infections, especially to varicella and vaccinia.
Daily Routine Recognition with Visual Interactive Labeling by Fusing Acceleration and Audio Signals (2019)

This work focuses on a semi-supervised learning scheme for daily routine recognition. To annotate and process hours of sensor data, an efficient processing workflow is established for a two-step classification: first propagating the labels and second recognizing the daily routine. The first contribution is the extension of visual interactive labeling (VIL) to activity recognition challenges and time series data exploration. With the help of a coarse time diary and a graphical user interface, the data is interactively labeled, and a first classifier propagates these annotations. Afterwards, a second classifier is trained and evaluated on the cross-validated VIL label set. As an extension of previous work, the second contribution is, that not only acceleration sensors are utilized to analyze the routine, but also audio features enrich the environmental description power. The third contribution is the comparison to a topic model on a public data set, where our approach outperforms on average recall of 84.3% and precision of 88.7%. Moreover, the data is recorded by a hearing aid, which ultimately aims to personalize the device configuration to the daily routine of the wearer.
Hydrogen isotope exchange with highly active iridium(I) NHC/phosphine complexes: a comparative counterion study (2016)

Herein, we present a range of substrates that undergo hydrogen isotope exchange with an iridium(I) N-heterocyclic carbene/phosphine complex bearing the less coordinating tetrakis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate counterion and compare these with labelling using the equivalent, more established hexafluorophosphate complex. The changes in reactivity and selectivity of these complexes in a series of solvents are examined. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ChemInform Abstract: Model Organic Rearrangements on Aluminum Surfaces (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Cartilage-derived morphogenetic proteins Key regulators in chondrocyte differentiation? (1995)

Biological regeneration of tissues can be considered a feasible goal in modern medicine largely because of scientific advances in this past decade. These advances clearly demonstrate that the cellular and molecular events taking place during the formation of tissues in embryogenesis are recapitulated during their repair or regeneration. A striking example of this biological principle is bone remodeling and fracture repair, showing a virtually identical cascade of events as seen in the formation of long bones in development. The potential therapeutic implications in diseases such as osteoporosis and osteoarthrosis, in a number of clinical problems such as delayed unions and avascular necrosis and for a large number of congenital osteochondrodysplasias, have intensified the research efforts in the field of skeletal development. This has resulted in major breakthroughs in the characterization of the molecular signals involved in the formation of the skeleton (Erlebacher et al. 1995). An example of this is the discovery of the family of Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs), originally defined by their ability to induce de novo in an ectopic site endochondral bone formation in vivo (Urist 1965, Wozney et al. 1988, Luyten et al. 1989, Sampath et al. 1990).
Lamina propria dendritic cells: For whom the bell TOLLs? (2008)

One of the major tasks of the mucosal immune system is to discriminate between dangerous and harmless antigens that are encountered daily at mucosal sites. In the gastrointestinal tract, immune cells have to tolerate food antigens and commensal microbes but at the same time have to induce a prompt response against invasive pathogens, when needed. In this issue of the European Journal of Immunology, it is shown that intestinal dendritic cell (DC) populations can be distinguished based on the expression level of Toll-like receptors (TLR) and on the response of these TLR to their microbial ligands. DC either do not express TLR or they express them but respond in a non-inflammatory mode. In this commentary, these findings are discussed in the context of available knowledge on lamina propria DC.
Case study: Nordic Windpower's critical blade failures (2016)

In 2007, the start-up wind turbine generator (WTG) manufacturer, Nordic Windpower, officially launched in North America as a merger between Swedish, USA, and UK development teams. Based on a design researched and funded by the Swedish Government, Nordic Windpower developed the N1000, a two-bladed, 1 MW WTG geared toward the distributed and community wind market. The N1000 was the first utility-scale, two-bladed WTG of its size in North America. Serial production of the N1000 began in 2009, producing a total of eight units. During commissioning, field testing, and after grid production, repeated failures of the fixed-pitch and stall-regulated rotor braking system prevented Nordic Windpower from meeting contractual obligations. On August 28, 2013, Nordic Windpower LLC liquidated the business under Chapter 7. This case study examines Nordic Windpower's critical blade failures from a systems engineering perspective, identifies best practices, and offers potential solutions for Nordic Windpower's development process.
Flat electrowetting optics and displays (2008)

Flat electrowetting optics currently include pixel arrays for displays and prism arrays for beam steering. Electrowetting display pixels utilize a colored oil layer that provides high efficiency control of light transmission or light reflection. Electrowetting microprisms tilt the angle of the meniscus between liquids with different refractive index and thereby cause refraction of a light beam passing through the meniscus. Both of these technologies are projected to provide an order of magnitude increase in raw performance compared to liquid-crystal and other technologies. For example, transmissive electrowetting displays are expected to achieve >80% transmission, which far exceeds the ~8% transmission of a commercial liquid crystal display. Electrowetting microprisms have a clear roadmap leading to greater than +/- 45&deg; of continuous beam steering, which surpasses the few degrees of beam steering achieved with electro-optic phased arrays. However, before widespread commercial application can be achieved, a variety of other challenges, such as low-voltage operation, must be solved. Many of these challenges are engineering problems, not fundamental scientific discoveries, and significant technological progress is expected for flat electrowetting optics.