gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Search for flavor-changing neutral currents in top quark decays t→Hc and t→Hu in multilepton final states in proton-proton collisions at s=13  TeV with the ATLAS detector (2018)

Flavor-changing neutral currents are not present in the Standard Model at tree level and are suppressed in loop processes by the unitarity of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix; the corresponding rates for top quark decay processes are experimentally unobservable. Extensions of the Standard Model can generate new flavor-changing neutral current processes, leading to signals which, if observed, would be unambiguous evidence of new interactions. A data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $36.1\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of $pp$ collisions at a center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}=13\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{TeV}$ recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider is used to search for top quarks decaying to up or charm quarks with the emission of a Higgs boson, with subsequent Higgs boson decay to final states with at least one electron or muon. No signal is observed and limits on the branching fractions $\mathcal{B}(t\ensuremath{\rightarrow}Hc)&lt;0.16%$ and $\mathcal{B}(t\ensuremath{\rightarrow}Hu)&lt;0.19%$ at 95% confidence level are obtained (with expected limits of 0.15% in both cases).
Adaptive Sequential Monte Carlo for Multiple Changepoint Analysis (2016)

Process monitoring and control requires the detection of structural changes in a data stream in real time. This article introduces an efficient sequential Monte Carlo algorithm designed for learning unknown changepoints in continuous time. The method is intuitively simple: new changepoints for the latest window of data are proposed by conditioning only on data observed since the most recent estimated changepoint, as these observations carry most of the information about the current state of the process. The proposed method shows improved performance over the current state of the art. Another advantage of the proposed algorithm is that it can be made adaptive, varying the number of particles according to the apparent local complexity of the target changepoint probability distribution. This saves valuable computing time when changes in the changepoint distribution are negligible, and enables rebalancing of the importance weights of existing particles when a significant change in the target distribution is encountered. The plain and adaptive versions of the method are illustrated using the canonical continuous time changepoint problem of inferring the intensity of an inhomogeneous Poisson process, although the method is generally applicable to any changepoint problem. Performance is demonstrated using both conjugate and nonconjugate Bayesian models for the intensity. Appendices to the article are available online, illustrating the method on other models and applications.
Special issue collection on additive manufacturing (AM) (2016)

TEST 02 - Elsevier's Scopus, the largest abstract and citation database of peer-reviewed literature. Search and access research from the science, technology, medicine, social sciences and arts and humanities fields.
A Convergent and Flexible Approach to Hydroxylamines, Hydrazines and Related Structures (2002)

International audience
Crystallization in Ordered Polydisperse Polyolefin Diblock Copolymers (2010)

The morphologies of polydisperse ethylene−octene diblock copolymers, synthesized via a novel coordinative chain transfer polymerization process, are examined using two-dimensional synchrotron small-angle and wide-angle X-ray scattering on flow-aligned specimens. The diblock copolymers comprise one amorphous block with high 1-octene content and one semicrystalline block with relatively low 1-octene content, and each block ideally exhibits the most-probable distribution. Near-symmetric diblocks with a sufficiently large octene differential between the amorphous and semicrystalline blocks show well-ordered lamellar domain structures with long periods exceeding 100 nm. Orientation of these domain structures persists through multiple melting/recrystallization cycles, reflecting a robust structure which self-assembles in the melt. The domain spacings are nearly 3-fold larger than those in near-monodisperse polyethylene block copolymers of similar molecular weights. Although the well-ordered lamellar domain structure established in the melt is preserved in the solid state, the crystallites are isotropic in orientation. These materials display crystallization kinetics consistent with a spreading growth habit, indicating that the lamellae do not confine or template the growing crystals. The exceptionally large domain spacings and isotropic crystal growth are attributed to interblock mixing resulting from the large polydispersity; short hard blocks dissolved in the soft-block-rich domains swell the domain spacing in the melt and allow hard block crystallization to proceed across the lamellar domain interfaces.
An Evaluation of High Acceleration Voltage Electron Beam Writing on X-Ray Masks (1998)

High acceleration voltage electron beam (EB) writing on X-ray masks was evaluated. Normalized dose latitudes of 100 keV for the 0.15 µm line and space (L&amp;S), isolated lines and isolated space patterns were 3.5, 2.7 and 7.6 times larger than those of 25 keV, respectively. It was also found that the back-scattered electrons extend over a range of 10 µm in 100 keV writing. The maximum mesh size in the pattern area density method for proximity effect correction was evaluated by Monte Carlo simulation. When a ±10% pattern size error was permitted for a 0.1 µm line pattern, the 0.3 µm mesh size in 50 keV writing was markedly improved to 5 µm at a higher voltage of 100 keV. Reducing the beam size by half from 60 nm (2σ) in 100 keV writing also increases the mesh size from 0.4 to 5 µm. Moreover, the fine W–Ti patterns of 0.06–0.14 µm were formed using 100 keV Gaussian EB writing and electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) etching systems, where good linearity and linewidth deviations within 9 nm (3σ) were obtained.
Comparative evaluation of IPT resonant circuit topologies for wireless power supplies of implantable mechanical circulatory support systems (2017)

Today's implantable blood pumps, such as Left Ventricular Assist Devices (LVAD) are powered by means of a percutaneous driveline, which constitutes a severe risk of infection to the patient. Inductive Power Transfer (IPT) technology offers a solution to replace the driveline by a wireless energy link. In this paper, three commonly used IPT resonant circuit topologies are compared regarding power transfer efficiency and heating of the tissue. In the course of the analysis, the main advantages and disadvantages of each topology are identified and as a result it was found that regarding the heating of the tissue, the series-series compensated topology is the most promising solution for Transcutaneous Energy Transfer (TET) systems capable to provide a peak power transmission of up to 30 W. Operated at the resonant frequency using an efficiency optimal control, the series-series compensation topology achieves the highest DC-to-DC power conversion efficiency in the coil coupling and output power range, but requires a higher complexity of the control system, and more important, it shows an increasing secondary side coil power loss with decreasing coil coupling factor. In contrast, the operation near the frequency for load independent voltage gain using a load impedance control technique achieves similar power conversion efficiencies at high coil coupling factors, but offers a lower complexity of the overall TET system. The peak DC-to-DC efficiency measured with a hardware prototype is 97 % at a coil separation distance of 10 mm, a primary and secondary coil diameter of 70 mm and ideal coil alignment. Even at a coil separation distance of 20 mm and an output power of 5W, the efficiency is 90.5 %.
The Role of the Axial Substituent in Subphthalocyanine Acceptors for Bulk‐Heterojunction Solar Cells (2016)

Abstract Four hexachlorosubphthalocyanines SubPcCl 6 ‐X bearing different axial substituents (X) have been synthesized for use as novel electron acceptors in solution‐processed bulk‐heterojunction organic solar cells. Subphthalocyanines are aromatic chromophoric molecules with cone‐shaped structure, good solution processability, intense optical absorption in the visible spectral region, appropriate electron mobilities, and tunable energy levels. Solar cells with subphthalocyanines as the electron acceptor and PTB7‐Th as the electron donor exhibit a power conversion efficiency up to 4 % and an external quantum efficiency approaching 60 % due to significant contributions from both the electron donor and the electron acceptor to the photocurrent, indicating a promising prospect of non‐fullerene acceptors based on subphthalocyanines and structurally related systems.
Mass spectrometric evidence for aggregation of a substituted sexithiophene (2000)

Nanospray FT-ICR mass spectroscopy provides unambiguous evidence for solvent-dependent aggregation of a substituted sexithiophene.
Formation of Nitrogen-Containing Polycyclic Cations by Gas-Phase and Intracluster Reactions of Acetylene with the Pyridinium and Pyrimidinium Ions (2012)

Here, we present evidence from laboratory experiments for the formation of nitrogen-containing complex organic ions by sequential reactions of acetylene with the pyridinium and pyrimidinium ions in the gas phase and within ionized pyridine-acetylene binary clusters. Additions of five and two acetylene molecules onto the pyridinium and pyrimidinium ions, respectively, at room temperature are observed. Second-order rate coefficients of the overall reaction of acetylene with the pyridinium and pyrimidinium ions are measured as 9.0 × 10(-11) and 1.4 × 10(-9) cm(3) s(-1), respectively, indicating reaction efficiencies of about 6% and 100%, respectively, at room temperature. At high temperatures, only two acetylene molecules are added to the pyridinium and pyrimidinium ions, suggesting covalent bond formation. A combination of ion dissociation and ion mobility experiments with DFT calculations reveals that the addition of acetylene into the pyridinium ion occurs through the N-atom of the pyridinium ion. The relatively high reaction efficiency is consistent with the absence of a barrier in the exothermic N-C bond forming reaction leading to the formation of the C(7)H(7)N(•+) covalent adduct. An exothermic addition/H-elimination reaction of acetylene with the C(7)H(7)N(•+) adduct is observed leading to the formation of a bicyclic quinolizinium cation (C(9)H(8)N(+)). Similar chemistry is observed in the sequential reactions of acetylene with the pyrimidinium ion. The second acetylene addition onto the pyrimidinium ion involves an exclusive addition/H-elimination reaction at room temperature leading to the formation of a bicyclic pyrimidinium cation (C(8)H(7)N(2)(+)). The high reactivity of the pyridinium and pyrimidinium ions toward acetylene is in sharp contrast to the very low reactivity of the benzene cation, which has a reaction efficiency of 10(-4)-10(-5). This indicates that the presence of a nitrogen atom within the aromatic ring enhances the ring growth mechanism by the sequential addition of acetylene to form nitrogen-containing polycyclic hydrocarbon ions. The observed reactions could explain the possible formation of nitrogen-containing complex organics by gas-phase ion-molecule reactions involving the pyridinium and pyrimidinium ions with acetylene under a wide range of temperatures and pressures in astrochemical environments such as the nitrogen-rich Titan's atmosphere. The current results suggest searching for spectroscopic evidence for these organics in Titan's atmosphere.
Electrical properties and interface abruptness of AlSiO gate dielectric grown on 0001¯ N-polar and (0001) Ga-polar GaN (2019)

The electrical properties and the interface abruptness of aluminum silicon oxide (AlSiO) dielectric grown in situ on 0001¯ N-polar and (0001) Ga-polar GaN by metal organic chemical vapor deposition were studied by means of capacitance-voltage (CV) and atom probe tomography (APT) measurements. The growth of AlSiO on N-polar GaN resulted in a positive flatband voltage shift of 2.27 V with respect to that on Ga-polar GaN, which exemplifies the influence of the GaN surface polarization charge on the electrical properties of GaN-based metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) devices. The AlSiO/GaN(N-polar) interface was sharp, which resulted in nondispersive CV characteristics and a relatively low density of interface states (Dit) of 1.48 × 1012 cm−2. An intermixed layer of AlGaSiO was present at the interface between AlSiO and Ga-polar GaN, which contributed to the measured dispersive CV characteristics and resulted in an ∼2× higher Dit than that on N-polar GaN. The superior properties of the N-polar AlSiO MOS devices are promising for further advancement of N-polar GaN-based high electron mobility transistors for high-frequency and power electronics applications.
Some dielectric and optical properties of PbF2-codoped CaF2:YbF3crystals (2009)

YbF3-doped and PbF2-codoped CaF2 crystals were grown using the vertical Bridgman method. The optical absorption spectra reveal the existence of both Yb2+ and Yb3+ ions. The Pb2+ ions modify the characteristic absorption peaks of the Yb2+ ions, but do not influence the Yb3+ ion peaks. The dielectric relaxation gives information about the impurity-defect aggregates. The obtained dielectric spectra show that for our low-YbF3-concentration samples, the main dipole complexes are NN type. The Pb2+ ions do not have an important influence on the dielectric spectra. The activation energy for the dipole reorientation and the relaxation time constant have been determined.
ChemInform Abstract: TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF THE CEPHALOTAXUS ALKALOIDS, A PROBLEM IN NUCLEOPHILIC AROMATIC SUBSTITUTION (1975)

Abstract Die aus der Phenylessigsäure (I) bzw. Pyrrolidinon (III) erhaltenen Zwischenprodukte (II) bzw. (V) setzen sich zu den Alkylierungsprodukten (VI) um.
Thermal management of AlGaN-GaN HFETs on sapphire using flip-chip bonding with epoxy underfill (2003)

Self-heating imposes the major limitation on the output power of GaN-based HFETs on sapphire or SiC. SiC substrates allow for a simple device thermal management scheme; however, they are about a factor 20-100 higher in cost than sapphire. Sapphire substrates of diameters exceeding 4 in are easily available but the heat removal through the substrate is inefficient due to its low thermal conductivity. The authors demonstrate that the thermal impedance of GaN based HFETs over sapphire substrates can be significantly reduced by implementing flip-chip bonding with thermal conductive epoxy underfill. They also show that in sapphire-based flip-chip mounted devices the heat spread from the active region under the gate along the GaN buffer and the substrate is the key contributor to the overall thermal impedance.
Impact of Fat, Protein, and Glycemic Index on Postprandial Glucose Control in Type 1 Diabetes: Implications for Intensive Diabetes Management in the Continuous Glucose Monitoring Era (2015)

These studies have important implications for clinical practice and patient education and point to the need for research focused on the development of new insulin dosing algorithms based on meal composition rather than on carbohydrate content alone.
Tunable ECL Active tris(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) Derivatives (2011)

Abstract not Available.
Multifocal ophthalmic lens testing (1994)

Optical characteristics of the multifocal intraocular lens (IOL) are different from regular monofocal IOLs. We have developed a test method and procedure to measure completed optical performance of the AMO Array<SUP>TM</SUP> multifocal IOL and to control its optical quality. The measured parameters include effective focal length, aqueous diopter power, add power, depth-of-focus, resolution efficiency, contrast modulation for far and near image, subjective quality factor variance , and through focus response. Automated Inspection Station was developed to perform the measurements. In addition, surface characteristics of the multifocal IOL are measured by a special custom-built interferometer (Wavy Optical Tester).
Second skin (2009)

Second Skin aims to combine three-dimensional motion tracking with real-time tactile feedback for the purpose of improving users' motor-learning ability. The system tracks a user's body and limb movements as he or she is performing an action, and the user is given automatic, real-time tactile feedback to aid in the correction of movement and position errors. A number of components integral to the motion tracking and tactile feedback systems must be bound to the user's body, and as such, an important goal is to design a lightweight and minimally inhibitive wearable suit that contains all of these elements.
Sparse Linear Operator identification without sparse regularization? Applications to mixed pixel problem in Time-of-Flight/Range imaging (2014)

In this paper, we consider the problem of Sparse Linear Operator identification which is also linked with the topic of Sparse Deconvolution. In its abstract form, the problem can be stated as follows: Given a well behaved probing function, is it possible to identify a Sparse Linear Operator from its response to the function? We present a constructive solution to this problem. Furthermore, our approach is devoid of any sparsity inducing penalty term and explores the idea of parametric modeling. Consequently, our algorithm is non-iterative by design and circumvents tuning of any regularization parameter. Our approach is computationally efficient when compared the ℓ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> /ℓ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> -norm regularized counterparts. Our work addresses a problem of industrial significance: decomposition of mixed-pixels in Time-of-Flight/Range imaging. In this case, each pixel records range measurements from multiple contributing depths and the goal is to isolate each depth. Practical experiments corroborate our theoretical set-up and establish the efficiency of our approach, that is, speed-up in processing with lesser mean squared error. We also derive Cramér-Rao Bounds for performance characterization.
MEMS startups: disruptive technology and business do's and don'ts (2005)

This paper characterizes factors that affect the probability of success for new startups. These guidelines are derived primarily from Venture Capital industry experience in funding disruptive technology companies. It follows with an overview of Silicon Valley MEMS and MOEMS startups and provides with a summary of Do’s and Don’ts for entrepreneurs.
Breast cancer in Šibenik area (2003)

Rak dojke predstavlja znacajnu bolest u pobolu i smrtnosti od zlocudnih novotvorina u žena na sibenskome podrucju i u stalnom je porastu. Cilj rada: Analizirati incidenciju raka dojke u žena na sibenskome podrucju u razdoblju od 1996. do 2000.godine i usporediti s podacima za razdoblje od 1981. do 1995. godine, te s republickim podacima. Planirati javnozdravstvene intervencije koje bi utjecale na rano otkrivanje raka dojke i dulje preživljenje. Metode: Deskriptivnom epidemioloskom metodom obrađeni su podaci o broju novooboljelih pacijentica od raka dojke na sibenskome podrucju (1981-2000) po dobi i petogodisnjim razdobljima. Izvor podataka je Registar za rak Hrvatskog zavoda za javno zdravstvo. Rezultati: Kroz cijelo istraživano razdoblje rak dojke je vodece sijelo u žena na sibenskome podrucju, te predstavlja, kao i u Republici Hrvatskoj oko 20 % novooboljelih žena od raka. Na istraživanome podrucju kao i u Republici Hrvatskoj najveci broj oboljelih je u dobnim skupinama iznad 44 godine. Stopa incidencije je bila u stalnom porastu i niža od republicke. Tako je za razdoblje (1981-1985) 47.4, (1986-1990) 50.2, (1991-1995) 55.3, (1996-2000) 75.9. Zakljucak: U zadnjih dvadeset godina u žena na sibenskome podrucju kao i u Republici Hrvatskoj imamo stalni porast stope raka. Kontinuiranom informacijskom kampanjom stanovnistvu treba pružati informacije o ciniteljima rizika, važnosti ranog otkrivanja raka dojke, nacinu izvođenja samopregleda dojki za sve žene, a ciljano za ugroženu populaciju (>40godina) i žene s opterecenom obiteljskom anamnezom, obavljanje mamografije.
Trends in artificial intelligence-supported e-learning: a systematic review and co-citation network analysis (1998–2019) (2021)

Artificial intelligence (AI) has been widely explored across the world over the past decades. A particularly emerging topic is the application of AI in e-learning (AIeL) to improve the effectiveness of teaching and learning in precision education. This study aims to systematically review publication patterns for AIeL research with a focus on leading journals, countries, disciplines, and applications. In addition, a co-citation network analysis was conducted to explore the invisible relationships among the core papers of AIeL to reveal directions for future research. The analysis is based on a total of 86 core AIeL papers accompanied by 1149 citations in follow-up studies obtained from the Web of Science. It was found that a majority of AIeL studies focused on the development and applications of intelligent tutoring systems, followed by using AI to facilitate assessment and evaluation in e-learning contexts. For field researchers, the visualized network diagram serves as a map to explore the invisible relationships among the core AIeL research, providing a structural understanding of AI-supported research in e-learning contexts. A further investigation of the follow-up studies behind the highly co-cited links revealed the extended research directions from the AIeL mainstreams, such as adaptive learning-based evaluation environments. Implications are discussed.
Application of Fast Atom Bombardment Combined with Tandem Mass Spectrometry to the Structural Elucidation ofO-demethylabierixin and Related Polyether Antibiotics (1996)

O-Demethylabierixin, a new polyether antibiotic, was isolated from a Streptomyces spp. Its structure elucidation was carried out with fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB-MS) and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry-mass spectrometry (FAB-MS/MS) by comparing spectral patterns with those of structurally similar polyether compounds, nigericin and abierixin. The collision-induced dissociation (CID) of sodium-adduct and deprotonated molecular ions produced many cyclic ether rings-opened product ions via a series of the dissociative processes. Because of the negative charge of the carboxylate group at the end of the molecule, the charge-remote fragmentation pattern in the negative CID spectra of deprotonated molecular ions was very helpful for complete identification of product ions which are characteristic for cyclic ether structures. From this study, the new polyether antibiotic was identified to be O-demethylabierixin in which the methoxy group of six-membered ether ring in abierixin was replaced by the hydroxy group.