gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Color Alterations in CVD Synthetic Diamond with Heat and UV Exposure: Implications for Color Grading and Identification (2010)

In response to heat and UV exposure, some synthetic diamond gemstones grown by chemical vapor deposition exhibit large, reversible changes in color. A significant reduction in color was achieved by heating several CVD synthetic gemstones to >450 degrees C. Conversely, a darker color was observed in samples following exposure to UV radiation (such as that used in gem testing). Both the heated and UV-exposed samples returned to their initial (stable) color when they were illuminated for >30 minutes with a standard daylight-equivalent lamp used for grading. However, these color states did not change with time when the samples were kept in the dark. Heating and UV exposure also influenced the strengths of various IR absorption features that might be used to identify such a sample as a CVD synthetic. These nonpermanent changes might affect the apparent color grade of a CVD synthetic diamond, and care must be employed in the interpretation of spectroscopic features used to determine a stone's natural or synthetic origin.
ΛK femtoscopy in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN=2.76 TeV (2021)

The first measurements of the scattering parameters of $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}K$ pairs in all three charge combinations ($\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}{K}^{+}, \mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}$, and $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}{K}_{S}^{0}$) are presented. The results are achieved through a femtoscopic analysis of $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}K$ correlations in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{{s}_{NN}}=2.76$ TeV recorded by ALICE at the Large Hadron Collider. The femtoscopic correlations result from strong final-state interactions and are fit with a parametrization allowing for both the characterization of the pair emission source and the measurement of the scattering parameters for the particle pairs. Extensive studies with the THERMINATOR 2 event generator provide a good description of the nonfemtoscopic background, which results mainly from collective effects, with unprecedented precision. Furthermore, together with HIJING simulations, this model is used to account for contributions from residual correlations induced by feed-down from particle decays. The extracted scattering parameters indicate that the strong force is repulsive in the $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}{K}^{+}$ interaction and attractive in the $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ interaction. The data hint that the $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}{K}_{S}^{0}$ interaction is attractive; however, the uncertainty of the result does not permit such a decisive conclusion. The results suggest an effect arising either from different quark-antiquark interactions between the pairs ($s\overline{s}$ in $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}{K}^{+}$ and $u\overline{u}$ in $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}$) or from different net strangeness for each system ($S=0$ for $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}{K}^{+}$, and $S=\ensuremath{-}2$ for $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}$). Finally, the $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}K$ systems exhibit source radii larger than expected from extrapolation from identical particle femtoscopic studies. This effect is interpreted as resulting from the separation in space-time of the single-particle $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$ and $K$ source distributions.
RNA Interference – Natural Gene-Based Technology for Highly Specific Pest Control (HiSPeC) (2016)

RNAi technologies are more environmentally friendly, as the technology provides greater specificity in pest targeting, while reducing the potential negative effects on ecosystems and leaving beneficial insects and other organisms unharmed in crop ecosystems. Consequently, the increase in native fauna improves the efficacy of biological control agents against pests and pathogens. A growing understanding of the ubiquitous nature of RNAi, along with evidence for efficient, non-transgenic, topical applications has already begun to garner support among organic and industry producers. Designing solutions to agricultural problems based upon the same mechanisms used in nature provides newer, safer solutions to pests and pathogens for all agricultural industries.
Subquarter-micrometreelevated source-and-drain MOSFET structureusing polysilicon spacers (1994)

A novel subquarter-micrometre MOSFET with a selfaligned source and drain structure is proposed with elevated sources and drains formed by using polysilicon spacers. The spacers can reduce the effective channel length by 50% compared to the mask length, and reduce the junction capacitance by over 30% through a reduction in junction area, as shown by PISCES simulations. A graded oxide spacer is used to decrease the parasitic gate-to-drain capacitance.
Amperometric Sensing of NOx with Cyclic Voltammetry. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Beyond Rapalog Therapy: Preclinical Pharmacology and Antitumor Activity of WYE-125132, an ATP-Competitive and Specific Inhibitor of mTORC1 and mTORC2 (2010)

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a major component of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling pathway that is dysregulated in 50% of all human malignancies. Rapamycin and its analogues (rapalogs) partially inhibit mTOR through allosteric binding to mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) but not mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2), an emerging player in cancer. Here, we report WYE-125132 (WYE-132), a highly potent, ATP-competitive, and specific mTOR kinase inhibitor (IC(50): 0.19 +/- 0.07 nmol/L; >5,000-fold selective versus PI3Ks). WYE-132 inhibited mTORC1 and mTORC2 in diverse cancer models in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, consistent with genetic ablation of mTORC2, WYE-132 targeted P-AKT(S473) and AKT function without significantly reducing the steady-state level of the PI3K/PDK1 activity biomarker P-AKT(T308), highlighting a prominent and direct regulation of AKT by mTORC2 in cancer cells. Compared with the rapalog temsirolimus/CCI-779, WYE-132 elicited a substantially stronger inhibition of cancer cell growth and survival, protein synthesis, cell size, bioenergetic metabolism, and adaptation to hypoxia. Oral administration of WYE-132 to tumor-bearing mice showed potent single-agent antitumor activity against MDA361 breast, U87MG glioma, A549 and H1975 lung, as well as A498 and 786-O renal tumors. An optimal dose of WYE-132 achieved a substantial regression of MDA361 and A549 large tumors and caused complete regression of A498 large tumors when coadministered with bevacizumab. Our results further validate mTOR as a critical driver for tumor growth, establish WYE-132 as a potent and profound anticancer agent, and provide a strong rationale for clinical development of specific mTOR kinase inhibitors as new cancer therapy.
Surpassing the path-limited resolution of Fourier-transform spectrometry with frequency combs (2016)

We overcome the resolution limit of Fourier-transform spectrometry and measure instrumental line-shape-free broadband molecular spectra with lines narrower than the optical path-limited resolution. We do this by using an optical frequency comb and precisely matching the maximum delay range of the spectrometer to the comb line spacing to measure the intensities of the individual comb lines. This method allows measurements of undistorted high-resolution spectra with acquisition time and interferometer length reduced by orders of magnitude and with frequency scale accuracy given by the comb.
Cooperative activation of PDK1 and AKT by MAPK4 enhances cancer growth and resistance to therapy (2023)

Phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 (PDK1) is a master kinase of the protein A, G, and C (AGC) family kinases that play important roles in regulating cancer cell proliferation, survival, and metabolism. Besides phosphorylating/activating AKT at the cell membrane in a PI3K-dependent manner, PDK1 also exhibits constitutive activity on many other AGC kinases for tumor-promoting activity. In the latter case, PDK1 protein levels dominate its activity. We previously reported that MAPK4, an atypical MAPK, can PI3K-independently promote AKT activation and tumor growth. Here, using triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell models, we demonstrate that MAPK4 can also enhance PDK1 protein synthesis, thus phosphorylate/activate PDK1 substrates beyond AKT. This new MAPK4-PDK1 axis alone lacks vigorous tumor-promoting activity but cooperates with our previously reported MAPK4-AKT axis to promote tumor growth. Besides enhancing resistance to PI3K blockade, MAPK4 also promotes cancer cell resistance to the more stringent PI3K and PDK1 co-blockade, a recently proposed therapeutic strategy. Currently, there is no MAPK4 inhibitor to treat MAPK4-high cancers. Based on the concerted action of MAPK4-AKT and MAPK4-PDK1 axis in promoting cancer, we predict and confirm that co-targeting AKT and PDK1 effectively represses MAPK4-induced cancer cell growth, suggesting a potential therapeutic strategy to treat MAPK4-high cancers.
Light-Activated Vascular Anastomosis (2022)

<i>Background</i>. There have been few advances in technique since vascular anastomosis was performed with silk suture on a curved needle in 1902. This technique results in disruption of the endothelium with exposed intraluminal suture, both of which may lead to thrombocyte aggregation, intimal hyperplasia, and vascular stenosis. A variety of alternative techniques have been explored, with limited success. Photochemical tissue bonding (PTB) is a light-activated methodology of rapidly cross-linking tissue interfaces at the molecular level. Herein, we describe a new technique for anastomosis of venous interposition graft in an ovine model of femoral artery bypass utilizing PTB. <i>Methods</i>. Polypay specific pathogen free sheep (n = 5; 40-45 kg) underwent femoral artery bypass utilizing saphenous vein. The femoral artery was transected and reversed saphenous vein was implanted as an interposition graft. The proximal anastomosis was created as a vein-over-artery cuff utilizing PTB, and the distal anastomosis was created with standard interrupted 8-0 polypropylene suture. Four weeks post-index operation, femoral angiogram was performed to evaluate patency, tortuosity, and luminal diameter. All bypass grafts were harvested and longitudinal and transverse histological sections from the proximal anastomosis were analyzed. <i>Results</i>. The PTB anastomoses (n = 5) were immediately watertight and patent. All animals survived the 28-day study duration. Angiography revealed patent grafts with no aneurysm or stenosis (n = 5). Histologic examination revealed integration of the venous endothelium with the arterial adventitia. <i>Conclusion</i>. Photochemical tissue bonding creates an immediate strong, watertight vascular anastomosis that can withstand physiologic arterial pressure and remains patent at 28 days without the need for intraluminal suture.
Near-Zero Index Photonic Crystals with Directive Bound States in the\n Continuum (2020)

Near-zero-index platforms arise as a new opportunity for light manipulation\nwith boosting of optical nonlinearities, transmission properties in waveguides\nand constant phase distribution. In addition, they represent a solution to\nimpedance mismatch faced in photonic circuitry offering several applications in\nquantum photonics, communication and sensing. However, their realization is\nlimited to availability of materials that could exhibit such low-index. For\nmaterials used in the visible and near-infrared wavelengths, the intrinsic\nlosses annihilate most of near-zero index properties. The design of\nall-dielectric photonic crystals with specific electromagnetic modes overcame\nthe issue of intrinsic losses while showing effective mode index near-zero.\nNonetheless, these modes strongly radiate to the surrounding environment,\ngreatly limiting the devices applications. Here, we explore a novel\nall-dielectric photonic crystal structure that is able to sustain effective\nnear-zero-index modes coupled to directive bound-states in the continuum in\norder to decrease radiative losses, opening extraordinary opportunities for\nradiation manipulation in nanophotonic circuits. Moreover, its relatively\nsimple design and phase stability facilitates integration and reproducibility\nwith other photonic components.\n
Unsuitability of sump tubes for delivery of enteral nutrition and medications to intensive care unit patients (2021)

16 Fr Salem Sump™ tubes have special features to facilitate suction drainage of the stomach, including a second lumen for air venting. These tubes are also commonly used to deliver enteral nutrition and medications to intensive care unit (ICU) patients, but we found no previous research to justify this practice. Because of the unused air vent, these tubes have a large external diameter and a small bore infusion channel (no larger than that of a single lumen 12 Fr feeding tube). The causes of 16 Fr Salem Sump tube obstructions in 17 ICU patients included clogged medications (8 cases) and precipitation of feeding formula (7 cases), each of which would be promoted by a narrow bore. Because of multiple drainage holes at their distal end, these tubes cannot be thoroughly cleansed by standard water flushing; moreover, their drainage holes mandate a deeper length of tube insertion beyond the gastroesophageal junction, which increases the likelihood of intestinal or pulmonary perforation. For these reasons, we conclude that 16 Fr Salem Sump tubes are inferior to standard feeding tubes for delivery of enteral nutrition and medications to patients in medical ICUs.
4.3: A Phosphorescent Active‐Matrix OLED Display Driven by Amorphous Silicon Backplane (2003)

Abstract We have successfully demonstrated a 4.0 inch full‐color active matrix OLED display based on amorphous Si a‐Si TFT, and incorporating high efficiency phosphorescent materials. The use of a red phosphorescent sub‐pixel reduced display power consumption by 42%, compared to a comparable display based on only fluorescent materials This demonstration clearly shows the possibility of using a‐Si TFT as driving backplanes for the manufacture of full color AMOLEDs
Depth-Dependent Transverse Shear Properties of the Human Corneal Stroma (2011)

Transverse shear moduli are two to three orders of magnitude lower than tensile moduli reported in the literature. The profile of shear moduli through the depth displayed a significant increase from posterior to anterior. This gradient supports the hypothesis and corresponds to the gradient of interwoven lamellae seen in imaging of stromal cross-sections.
N2 Tunnel Wafer Transport System (1997)

A wafer transport system has been developed for application to the next generation of ULSI manufacturing processes. In this system, various kinds of wafers ranging from 8 to 12 in. are floated on a gas film to be transported through an ultraclean N2 gas environment with no solid contact. A sensor controls the movement of the transported wafer on the control unit precisely and rapidly (i.e., a sensor instantly detects and recognizes the configuration of the wafer and lets the wafer stop, facing tin the right direction. In this ultraclean N2 gas environment, the wafer surface is free from particle contamination and growth of native oxide. Furthermore, moving the electrostatic clamping device on the track, and the jet flow of ultraclean N2 gas against the track, allows self-cleaning of the wafer transport track.
In vitro biomechanical comparison of a plate-rod combination–construct and an interlocking nail–construct for experimentally induced gap fractures in canine tibiae (2005)

The study documented that for an experimentally induced gap fracture in canine tibiae, a plate-rod combination is a significantly less compliant fixation method in torsion and compression, compared with an interlocking nail. Considering the deleterious effects of torsional deformation on bone healing, a plate-rod combination may represent a biomechanically superior fixation method, compared with an interlocking nail, for the treatment of dogs with comminuted tibial diaphyseal fractures.
A Collaborative Approach to In-Place Sensor Calibration (2003)

Abstract. Numerous factors contribute to errors in sensor measurements. In order to be useful, any sensor device must be calibrated to adjust its accuracy against the expected measurement scale. In largescale sensor networks, calibration will be an exceptionally difficult task since sensor nodes are often not easily accessible and manual device-bydevice calibration is intractable. In this paper, we present a two-phase post-deployment calibration technique for large-scale, dense sensor deployments. In its first phase, the algorithm derives relative calibration relationships between pairs of co-located sensors, while in the second phase, it maximizes the consistency of the pair-wise calibration functions among groups of sensor nodes. The key idea in the first phase is to use temporal correlation of signals received at neighboring sensors when the signals are highly correlated (i.e. sensors are observing the same phenomenon) to derive the function relating their bias in amplitude. We formulate the second phase as an optimization problem and present an algorithm suitable for localized implementation. We evaluate the performance of the first phase of the algorithm using empirical and simulated data. Key words: sensor calibration, distributed calibration, consistency maximization, sensor networks, distributed algorithms, in-network processing, calibration routing 1
Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blocker Attenuates Exacerbated Left Ventricular Remodeling and Failure in Diabetes-Associated Myocardial Infarction (2006)

Diabetes mellitus adversely affects the outcomes in patients with myocardial infarction (MI), due in part to the exacerbation of left ventricular (LV) remodeling. Although angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker (ARB) has been demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of heart failure, information about the potential benefits of ARB on advanced LV failure associated with diabetes is lacking. To induce diabetes, male mice were injected intraperitoneally with streptozotocin (200 mg/kg). At 2 weeks, anterior MI was created by ligating the left coronary artery. These animals received treatment with olmesartan (0.1 mg/kg/day; n = 50) or vehicle (n = 51) for 4 weeks. Diabetes worsened the survival and exaggerated echocardiographic LV dilatation and dysfunction in MI. Treatment of diabetic MI mice with olmesartan significantly improved the survival rate (42% versus 27%, P < 0.05) without affecting blood glucose, arterial blood pressure, or infarct size. It also attenuated LV dysfunction in diabetic MI. Likewise, olmesartan attenuated myocyte hypertrophy, interstitial fibrosis, and the number of apoptotic cells in the noninfarcted LV from diabetic MI. Post-MI LV remodeling and failure in diabetes were ameliorated by ARB, providing further evidence that angiotensin II plays a pivotal role in the exacerbated heart failure after diabetic MI.
Waveguide design for line selection in fiber lasers and amplifiers (2023)

Rare earth doped fiber lasers can be robust and efficient sources of high quality light, but are usually limited to the highest gain transitions of the active species. But rare earths typically possess a multitude of potentially useful transitions that might be accessed if the dominant transition can be suppressed. In fiber lasers this suppression is complicated by the very high net gain the dominant transitions exhibit; effective suppression requires some mechanism distributed along the length of the fiber. We have developed a novel waveguide with resonant leakage elements that frustrate guidance at well-defined and selectable wavelengths. Based on this waveguide, we have fabricated a Large Mode Area Neodymium doped fiber with suppression of the four-level transition around 1060 nm, and demonstrated lasing on the three-level transition at 930 nm with good efficiency.
A case of retinoblastoma resulting in phthisis bulbi after proton beam radiation therapy (2022)

PBRT for RB may result in phthisis bulbi. Further investigations of its role and possible complications are warranted.
Yeast Golden Gate: Standardized Assembly of S. cerevisiae Transcriptional Units (2012)

BBF RFC 88 describes a new standard for the assembly of basic Saccharomyces cerevisiae transcriptional units (TUs) consisting of a promoter/5’untranslated region (UTR), open reading frame (ORF), and 3’UTR/terminator. Note that we use the term “promoter” here to refer to both the promoter and the 5’ UTR, which we currently define as a single part. Future iterations of this standard will incorporate subdivision of currently defined parts e.g. into promoter and 5’ UTR. The standard makes use of the type IIS restriction enzyme BsaI to generate standardized and user­‐defined ‘signature overhangs’, thus enabling directional and seamless TU assembly. RFC88 is supported by the Yeast Standardized Collection of Parts for Expression (SCoPE), a repository of subcloned and sequence verified parts compatible with this assembly standard. The Yeast SCoPE is currently populated by a large number of S. cerevisiae promoters and terminators that facilitate expression and characterization of non­‐native ORFs.
Time-varying Identification Of Elbow Joint Dynamics Using Exponentially Weighted Least Squares (2005)

This paper presents a robust time-varying identification method, Ezponentially Weighted Least Squares (EWLS), and its application to the identification of human elbow joint dynamics under slow time varying conditions. The method requires only a single trial to extract all of the parameters in the model. In the experiments, a pseudorandom binary force perturbation (PRBS) was applied to the elbow. Both stiffness and viscous parameters increased with co-contraction in posture. During movement the stiffness was lower than that in posture.