gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Permeability of intestinal capillaries to endogenous macromolecules (1980)

Steady-state lymphatic and plasma protein concentration (CL and CP) and lymph flows were analyzed in an autoperfused cat ileum preparation at venous outflow pressures of 0, 10, 20, and 30 mmHg. Albumin and nine endogenous protein fractions were analyzed in lymph and plasma by polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis. The osmotic reflection coefficient (sigma d = 1--CL/CP when CL/CP is no longer influenced by capillary filtration rate. The sigma d values acquired increased as the molecular radius of the protein fraction increased. Permeability-surface area products were estimated for the various protein fractions by applying the acquired data to the Kedem-Katchalsky protein flux equation. A comparison of the permeability-surface area products at various venous pressures suggests a reduction in capillary surface area as venous pressure is increased to 20 and 30 mmHg. The results suggest that intestinal capillaries selectively restrict macromolecules to a greater degree than the continuous type of capillaries of many other organs.
Reversible Bioadhesives Using Tannic Acid Primed Thermally‐Responsive Polymers (2019)

Abstract A two‐layer approach is reported for the formation of a thermally triggered reversible adhesive, involving a thermally‐responsive polymer matrix coated on tannic acid‐pretreated substrates/tissues. Interfacial adhesion originates from strong molecular interactions of tannic acid with both the polymer matrix and the substrate/tissue. The reversibility is due to a temperature‐triggered phase transition of the polymer matrix, leading to cohesive failure. Depending on different gelation mechanisms, the polymer forms a highly cohesive gel or soft solid upon either warming or cooling, leading to a strong adhesion to the tissues at physiological temperatures. Detachment of the adhesive is triggered by a temperature‐induced compromise of cohesive strength of the polymer matrix, by the opposite gel‐to‐sol transition. This facile, low‐cost, and modular design offers a reversible adhesive platform which is useful for biomedical and industrial applications.
GRANULOCYTE COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR IMMUNOMODULATION IN THE RAT CARDIAC TRANSPLANTATION MODEL (1996)

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) administration decreases tumor necrosis factor(TNF) release, an important mechanism in allograft rejection. to study G-CSF's possible antirejection effects, 30 Lewis rats underwent heart transplantation using Brown-Norway donors and were assigned varying dosages of recombinant human G-CSF (0, 20, 100, 250 and 500 microgram/kg/day) for 14 days following the operation. Recipients receiving 250 microgram/kg/day experienced an improvement in graft survival (12.3+/-4 days vs. 7.0+/-0.6 days, P>0.05, Breslow). In a separate cohort, G-CSF-treated recipients (250 microgram/kg/day x 14) killed at 2,4,and 6 days after transplantation revealed improved serial allograft biopsy grading scores versus untreated controls (P<0.001 stratified Wilcoxon). Significant reduction in serum TNF levels was noted in the G-CSF-treated animals (P<0.025, analysis of variance). These data describe a moderate antirejection effect of G-CSF administration. Inhibition of circulating TNF in the G-CSF-treated recipients may describe a marker or possible mechanism of this antirejection effect.
Femtosecond timing measurement and control using ultrafast organic thin films (2003)

We show a femtosecond timing measurement and control technique using a squarylium dye J-aggregate film, which is an organic thin film that acts as an ultrafast two-dimensional optical switch. Optical pulse timing is directly mapped to space-domain position on the film, and the large area and ultrafast response offer a femtosecond-resolved, large dynamic range, real-time, multichannel timing measurement capability. A timing fluctuation (jitter, wander, and skew) reduction architecture is presented and experimentally demonstrated.
Molecular and Supramolecular Homochirality: Enantiopure Perfluorocarbon Rotamers and Halogen‐Bonded Fluorous Double Helices (2006)

Beauty is in the I of the beholder: Metal-ion coordination and I⋅⋅⋅I halogen bonding direct the self-assembly of achiral starting materials (a calix[4]arene tetraamide, BaI2⋅2 H2O, and 1,8-diiodoperfluorooctane) into a homochiral supramolecular complex containing double helices (see structure; Ba light purple, I purple, F green, O red, N blue, C gray; one double helix in red and yellow). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2006/z504459_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Arylpiperazines as Selective α1‐Adrenergic Receptor Antagonists. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Preliminary Observations on the Effect of Human Leukocyte Interferon in Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (1978)

IN laboratory animals both endogenously induced and passively administered interferon have inhibitory effects on a wide variety of tumors, including those caused by oncogenic viruses.1 2 3 4 Such effects are most striking when the interferon is administered prophylactically, but interferon has occasionally been observed to have therapeutic effects. In the latter situation, its continued administration appears required for maintenance of the beneficial effect. Studies by Strander and his associates at the Karolinska Hospital in a variety of solid tumors, particularly osteogenic sarcoma,5 have suggested that human leukocyte interferon may have beneficial effects in man.In recent years it has also been recognized . . .
Atom hybridization of metallic elements: Emergence of subnano metallurgy for the post-nanotechnology (2022)

Miniaturizing metallic materials from the nanoscale to the atomic scale transforms the structures and physical properties. Among these sub-nanoscale materials, some catalysts exhibit activity superior to conventional nanoparticle catalysts. Furthermore, some subnanoparticles become superatoms that exhibit unusual physical properties that deviate from the properties of the original elements. However, conventional metallurgy and chemistry often do not apply to synthetic strategies, structural analysis, and functional design of materials because crystal structures disappear at the sub-nanoscale. This review focuses on the synthesis, structural analysis, and functionality at the sub-nanoscale, overviewing a series of materials research, so-called “atom hybridization,” in which atoms are hybridized to create desired materials for their applications.
Free Space Optical Interconnects For Microelectronics And Parallel Computing (1990)

Free space optical interconnections offer some beneficial solutions to microelectronic problems, e.g., pin-ins, pin-outs, testing, and wafer scale integrations. When applied to an array of multiprocessors for parallel computing, free space interconnects can offer 3-D interconnection topology, 2-D parallel data inputs and outputs and shared memory architectures. Furthermore, if the optical interconnections are programmable, we shall be able to incorporate several computational architectures efficient for implementing several computational algorithms in one machine. In this review, many of these potential benefits of utilizing free space optical interconnections will be described in detail and various research topics currently under investigation at UCSD will be discussed.
0928 The Self-Reported Practice of Light Exposure Recommendations in the Morning, Daytime, Evening, and Nighttime (2023)

Abstract Introduction While it is well known that ocular light strongly entrains the central circadian clock, there has been a lack of evidence-based recommendations for daytime, evening, and nighttime light exposure for healthy adults. Recently, an expert consensus report with recommendations for light exposure has been published. Although the general population is likely not yet acquainted with these recommendations, we examined the self-reported practice of daily and nightly light exposure based on these published guidelines. Methods Online survey data were collected from 168 participants through convenience sampling (age range: 25-80, mean age: 58.9 + 12.6 years, 55% female). The practice of expert, consensus-based light recommendations was assessed with 4 items on an 8-point frequency scale ranging from “Never” to “Every day of the week”. The scale covered 1) indoor daytime light recommendations, 2) indoor evening light recommendations, 3) nighttime light recommendations for the sleep environment, and 4) an additional morning-specific question. Results Within the first hour after waking up, the majority of respondents (53%) reported never receiving exposure to at least 15 minutes of sunlight or simulated bright light, with only 16% reporting exposure every day of the week. Throughout the daytime, 54% of respondents reported receiving consistent natural indoor light or sunlight every day of the week, and 8% reported never receiving any. During the evening, 47% of respondents reported never dimming lights and avoiding bright light starting at least 3 hours before bedtime. However, 24% reported avoiding bright light sources before bedtime every day of the week. While sleeping, nearly 80% of respondents reported keeping their bedroom as dark as possible, no brighter than natural moonlight, every day of the week, with only 10% reporting never doing so. Conclusion Self-reported practice of recently published light recommendations was poor for both morning and evening light exposure. These findings suggest that sleep and circadian health campaigns should focus on the importance of bright light in the morning upon awakening, and of dimmed light in the late evening before bedtime. Support (if any) SleepScore Labs
Data from Overexpression of Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) Transamidase Subunits Phosphatidylinositol Glycan Class T and/or GPI Anchor Attachment 1 Induces Tumorigenesis and Contributes to Invasion in Human Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Based on the oncogenic role of phosphatidylinositol glycan (PIG) class U in human tumors, we explored the role of two additional subunits of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) transamidase complex in human breast cancer. We found that PIG class T (PIG-T) and GPI anchor attachment 1 (GPAA1) were overexpressed in breast cancer cell lines and primary tumors. Forced expression of PIG-T and GPAA1 transformed NIH3T3 cells &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and increased tumorigenicity and invasion of these cells &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;. Suppression of PIG-T expression in breast cancer cell lines led to inhibition of anchorage-independent growth. Moreover, we found that PIG-T and GPAA1 expression levels positively correlated with paxillin phosphorylation in invasive breast cancer cell lines. Furthermore, suppression of PIG-T and GPAA1 expression led to a decrease in paxillin phosphorylation with a concomitant decrease in invasion ability. These results suggest that the GPI transamidase complex is composed of a group of proto-oncogenes that individually or as a group contribute to breast cancer growth. This aberrant growth is mediated, at least partially, by phosphorylation of paxillin, contributing to invasion and progression of breast cancer. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(22): 9829-36) (Cancer Res 2006; 66(20): 9829-36)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Methods Development for Blood Borne Macrophage Carriage of Nanoformulated Antiretroviral Drugs (2010)

Methods Development For Blood Borne Macrophage Carriage Of Nanoformulated Antiretroviral Drugs - Video. JoVE publishes peer-reviewed scientific video protocols to accelerate biological, medical, chemical and physical research. Watch our scientific video articles. JoVE is the world-leading producer and provider of science videos with the mission to improve scientific research, scientific journals, and education. Millions of scientists, educators and students at thousands of universities, colleges, hospitals and biopharmaceutical companies worldwide use JoVE for their research, teaching and learning.
Thermal and Electrochemically Assisted Pd−Cl Bond Cleavage in the d9−d9 Pd2(dppm)2Cl2 Complex by Pd3(dppm)3(CO)n+ Clusters (n = 2, 1, 0) (2007)

A new aspect of reactivity of the cluster [Pd3(dppm)3(micro3-CO)]n+, ([Pd3]n+, n = 2, 1, 0) with the low-valent metal-metal-bonded Pd2(dppm)2Cl2 dimer (Pd2Cl2) was observed using electrochemical techniques. The direct reaction between [Pd3]2+ and Pd2Cl2 in THF at room temperature leads to the known [Pd3(dppm)3(micro3-CO)(Cl)]+ ([Pd3(Cl)]+) adduct and the monocationic species Pd2(dppm)2Cl+ (very likely as Pd2(dppm)2(Cl)(THF)+, [Pd2Cl]+) as unambiguously demonstrated by UV-vis and 31P NMR spectroscopy. In this case, [Pd3]2+ acts as a strong Lewis acid toward the labile Cl- ion, which weakly dissociates from Pd2Cl2 (i.e., dissociative mechanism). Host-guest interactions between [Pd3]2+ and Pd2Cl2 seem unlikely on the basis of computer modeling because of the strong screening of the Pd-Cl fragment by the Ph-dppm groups in Pd2Cl2. The electrogenerated clusters [Pd3]+ and [Pd3]0 also react with Pd2Cl2 to unexpectedly form the same oxidized adduct, [Pd3(Cl)]+, despite the known very low affinity of [Pd3]+ and [Pd3]0 toward Cl- ions. The reduced biproduct in this case is the highly reactive zerovalent species "Pd2(dppm)2" or "Pd(dppm)" as demonstrated by quenching with CDCl3 (forming the well-known complex Pd(dppm)Cl2) or in presence of dppm (forming the known Pd2(dppm)3 d10-d10 dimer). To bring these halide-electron exchange reactions to completion for [Pd3]+ and [Pd3]0, 0.5 and 1.0 equiv of Pd2Cl2 are necessary, respectively, accounting perfectly for the number of exchanged electrons. The presence of a partial dissociation of Pd2Cl2 into the Cl- ion and the monocation [Pd2Cl]+, which is easier to reduce than Pd2Cl2, is suggested to explain the overall electrochemical results. It is possible to regulate the nature of the species formed from Pd2Cl2 by changing the state of charge of the title cluster.
High precision differentiation of FEM approximate solutions (2002)

This paper presents the high precision differentiation method based on Green's second identity. The technique is compared to several recent methods based on local smoothing and superconvergent patch recovery (SPR). The methodology is extended to 3D problems described by scalar Poisson equation, using the sphere as a base domain for extraction of derivatives. Analytic verification and error sensitivity analysis is performed. The alternative approach employing fundamental solutions to the Dirichlet problem in place of Green's functions is also outlined. The technique is suited to postprocessing of finite element solutions, or may be applied to other numerical approximate solutions.
Discovery of a Highly Potent and Selective Indenoindolone Type 1 Pan-FLT3 Inhibitor (2016)

For a subpopulation of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients, the mutationally activated tyrosine kinase FLT3, has emerged as a promising target for therapy. The development of drug resistance due to mutation is a growing concern for mutant FLT3 inhibitors, such as PKC412, Quizartinib, PLX3397, and Crenolanib. Thus, there is a need to develop novel FLT3 inhibitors that overcome these mutations. Here we report the development of a novel type I ATP competitive inhibitor, JH-IX-179, that is extremely potent and selective for FLT3. JH-IX-179 also has the highest affinity for three constitutively active isoforms of FLT3 (FLT3-ITD, FLT3-N841I, and FLT3-D835V) compared to a panel 456 other kinases. The unique and specific kinase inhibition profile suggests that this chemotype may represent an attractive starting point for the development of further improved FLT3 inhibitors with therapeutic potential in tumors harboring deregulated FLT3 activity.
10 Gb/s wavelength conversion using a widely tunable series push-pull photocurrent-driven transmitter (2005)

Error-free operation at 10 Gb/s was demonstrated for a hybrid photocurrent-driven series push-pull Mach-Zehnder-based wavelength converter. Back-to-back power penalties of <1 dB for pseudorandom binary sequence (PRBS) 2/sup 7/-1 and <2.3 dB for PRBS 2/sup 31/-1 were measured across the 37-nm wavelength tuning range of the sampled-grating distributed Bragg reflector.
<title>New system for fast submicron laser direct writing</title> (1995)

We report on a new system for submicron lithography by fast laser direct writing, where a programmable phase modulating spatial light modulator (SLM) is imaged onto the wafer using flash on the fly exposure with an excimer laser light source. This new principle for maskless optical lithography has been investigated for the first time. A SLM with 512 X 464 pixels has been developed and fabricated using a CMOS active matrix and a reflective, deformable viscoelastic layer on top. Using this light modulator for image generation a demonstrator exposure tool for 0.6 micrometers minimum feature size has been designed and set up including all the components necessary for the exposure of a complete lithographic layer from CAD layout data. The demonstrator is shown to give good quality photoresist pattern on the wafer at a throughput of roughly one 4"-wafer per hour. Based on our experimental results we propose a tool with a throughput of nine 6"-wafers per hour and conclude that the new principle of operation has the potential of high performance optical direct writing lithography.
Vitamin K3 (Menadione) is a multifunctional microbicide acting as a photosensitizer and synergizing with blue light to kill drug-resistant bacteria in biofilms (2023)

Cutaneous bacterial wound infections typically involve gram-positive cocci such as Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and usually become biofilm infections. Bacteria in biofilms may be 100-1000-fold more resistant to an antibiotic than the clinical laboratory minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) for that antibiotic, contributing to antimicrobial resistance (AMR). AMR is a growing global threat to humanity. One pathogen-antibiotic resistant combination, methicillin-resistant SA (MRSA) caused more deaths globally than any other such combination in a recent worldwide statistical review. Many wound infections are accessible to light. Antimicrobial phototherapy, and particularly antimicrobial blue light therapy (aBL) is an innovative non-antibiotic approach often overlooked as a possible alternative or adjunctive therapy to reduce antibiotic use. We therefore focused on aBL treatment of biofilm infections, especially MRSA, focusing on in vitro and ex vivo porcine skin models of bacterial biofilm infections. Since aBL is microbicidal through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), we hypothesized that menadione (Vitamin K3), a multifunctional ROS generator, might enhance aBL. Our studies suggest that menadione can synergize with aBL to increase both ROS and microbicidal effects, acting as a photosensitizer as well as an ROS recycler in the treatment of biofilm infections. Vitamin K3/menadione has been given orally and intravenously worldwide to thousands of patients. We conclude that menadione/Vitamin K3 can be used as an adjunct to antimicrobial blue light therapy, increasing the effectiveness of this modality in the treatment of biofilm infections, thereby presenting a potential alternative to antibiotic therapy, to which biofilm infections are so resistant.
Atomic scale reversible opto-structural switching of few atom luminescent silver clusters confined in LTA zeolites (2018)

Luminescent silver clusters (AgCLs) stabilized inside partially Ag exchanged Na LTA zeolites show a remarkable reversible on-off switching of their green-yellowish luminescence that is easily tuned by a hydration and dehydration cycle, making them very promising materials for sensing applications. We have used a unique combination of photoluminescence (PL), UV-visible-NIR Diffuse Reflectance (DRS), X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS), Fourier Transform-Infrared (FTIR) and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopies to unravel the atomic-scale structural changes responsible for the reversible optical behavior of the confined AgCLs in LTA zeolites. Water coordinated, diamagnetic, tetrahedral AgCLs [Ag4(H2O)4]2+ with Ag atoms positioned along the axis of the sodalite six-membered rings are at the origin of the broad and intense green-yellowish luminescence in the hydrated sample. Upon dehydration, luminescent [Ag4(H2O)4]2+ clusters are transformed into non-luminescent (dark), diamagnetic, octahedral AgCLs [Ag6(OF)14]2+ with Ag atoms interacting strongly with zeolite framework oxygen (OF) of the sodalite four-membered rings. This highly responsive on-off switching reveals that besides quantum confinement and molecular-size, coordinated water and framework oxygen ligands strongly affect the organization of AgCLs valence electrons and play a crucial role in the opto-structural properties of AgCLs.
Decreased Electroporation Efficiency in Borrelia burgdorferi Containing Linear Plasmids lp25 and lp56: Impact on Transformation of Infectious B. burgdorferi (2002)

The presence of the linear plasmids lp25 and lp56 of Borrelia burgdorferi B31 was found to dramatically decrease the rate of transformation by electroporation with the shuttle vector pBSV2, an autonomously replicating plasmid that confers kanamycin resistance (P. E. Stewart, R. Thalken, J. L. Bono, and P. Rosa, Mol. Microbiol. 39:714-721, 2001). B. burgdorferi B31 clones had transformation efficiencies that were either low, intermediate, or high, and this phenotype correlated with the presence or absence of lp25 and lp56. Under the conditions utilized in this study, no transformants were detected in clones that contained both lp25 and lp56; the few kanamycin-resistant colonies isolated did not contain pBSV2, indicating that the resistance was due to mutation. Intermediate electroporation rates (10 to 200 colonies per micro g of DNA) were obtained with B31 clones that were either lp25(-) and lp56(+) or lp25(+) and lp56(-). Clones in this group that initially contained lp25 lacked this plasmid in pBSV2 transformants, a finding consistent with selective transformation of lp25(-) variants. High transformation rates (>1,000 colonies per micro g of DNA) occurred in clones that lacked both lp25 and lp56. Sequence analysis indicated that lp25 and lp56 contain genes that may encode restriction and/or modification systems that could result in the low transformation rates obtained with strains containing these plasmids. The previously reported correlation between lp25 and infectivity in mice, coupled with the barrier lp25 presents to transformation, may explain the difficulty in obtaining virulent transformants of B. burgdorferi.