gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel Adaptive Power and Rate Control in Third GenerationWideband CDMA Mobile Systems (2000)

This Dissertation proposes novel adaptive power control and rate change schemesand investigates the performance of a Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (W-CDMA)system in conjunction with these adaptive techniques. In these schemes, thetransmit power and rate are adapted to the variations of the fading channel using adaptivethresholds based on the probability distribution function (pdf) of the predicted mobilechannel power values.We define a policy similar to the traditional power control technique withthresholds except that the thresholds are set based on several regions of operation in ourAdaptive Transmitter Power Control (TPC) and Adaptive Seamless Rate Change (SRC)schemes. These regions are defined by means of the probability distribution function(pdf) of the total average channel power. The pdf is initially constructed based on thehistory of the predicted channel power values derived from the long-range predictionalgorithm. These regions can be defined such that the system operates at a constant ratioof energy per bit over noise power.In a 1-user model with one channel path, the pdf of the channel power would bean exponential or chi-square function with 2 degrees of freedom. However, in a W-CDMAsystem, normally the rake receiver has several fingers. That is, at the receiver,the system either estimates or predicts the channel coefficients at each rake finger andperforms maximal ratio combining by multiplying each finger with its conjugate or chooses the ones with the highest energy and performs maximal ratio combining on theselected fingers.In a two-user system where the multi-access interference is modeled as theStandard Gaussian Approximation (SGA), the system performance and error probabilityof our W-CDMA system becomes similar to the one for our one-user system.Consequently, in a single user detector system, when all users adopt a similar policy fortheir adaptive power and rate control, the average total Multi-Access Interference (MAI)will be reduced. The resulting channel capacity of the system in this case will beincreased and the system may operate in a lower transmit power level.We evaluate the performance of these schemes using a detailed block diagramsimulation of a W-CDMA system. We model and simulate all major components of thesystem including an accurate model for realistic mobile channels. We present simulationresults to verify that the proposed novel schemes are superior to the traditionalapproaches for transmitter power control and rate change. Furthermore, our simulationresults show that our proposed techniques reduce the effect of Multi Access Interferencein a multi-user system.
Cell Lineage Analysis of the Mammalian Female Germline (2012)

Fundamental aspects of embryonic and post-natal development, including maintenance of the mammalian female germline, are largely unknown. Here we employ a retrospective, phylogenetic-based method for reconstructing cell lineage trees utilizing somatic mutations accumulated in microsatellites, to study female germline dynamics in mice. Reconstructed cell lineage trees can be used to estimate lineage relationships between different cell types, as well as cell depth (number of cell divisions since the zygote). We show that, in the reconstructed mouse cell lineage trees, oocytes form clusters that are separate from hematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells, both in young and old mice, indicating that these populations belong to distinct lineages. Furthermore, while cumulus cells sampled from different ovarian follicles are distinctly clustered on the reconstructed trees, oocytes from the left and right ovaries are not, suggesting a mixing of their progenitor pools. We also observed an increase in oocyte depth with mouse age, which can be explained either by depth-guided selection of oocytes for ovulation or by post-natal renewal. Overall, our study sheds light on substantial novel aspects of female germline preservation and development.
On the application of the LCMV beamformer to speech enhancement (2009)

In theory the linearly constrained minimum variance (LCMV) beamformer can achieve perfect dereverberation and noise cancellation when the acoustic transfer functions (ATFs) between all sources (including interferences) and the microphones are known. However, blind estimation of the ATFs remains a difficult task. In this paper the noise reduction of the LCMV beamformer is analyzed and compared with the noise reduction of the minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) beamformer. In addition, it is shown that the constraint of the LCMV can be modified such that we only require relative transfer functions rather than ATFs to achieve perfect cancellation of coherent interferences. Finally, we evaluate the noise reduction performance achieved by the LCMV and MVDR beamformers for two coherent sources: one desired and one undesired.
On the Use of a Woven Mat to Control the Crack Path in Composite Sandwich Specimens With Foam Core (2007)

In the last couple of decades the use of sandwich structures has increased tremendously in applications where low weight is of importance e.g. ship structures, where sandwich panels are often built from fiber reinforced faces and foam cores. An important damage type in sandwich structures is separation of face and core (debonding). Debonds can arise as a result of defects from production when an area between face and core has not been primed sufficiently resulting in a lack of adhesion. In use, impact loading, e.g. due to collision with objects, can result in formation of a debond crack, followed by growth due to continued loading. With debonds present the structure might fail under loads significantly lower than those for an intact sandwich structure [1, 2]. A debond crack in a foam cored sandwich can propagate self similarly or kink away from the interface into either the face or core. Whether or not kinking occurs is governed by the stress state at the crack tip, e.g. described by the mode-mixity of the complex stress intensity factor and the properties of the face, core and adhesive [3]. The criticality of an existing crack can be highly dependent on the crack propagation path, since the fracture toughness of the face, core and interface are often very different. As the crack propagates in the interface or laminate the fibers in the face laminate can form a bridging zone behind the crack tip. This can increase the fracture toughness significantly since the bridging fibers provide closing tractions between the separated crack surfaces [4, 5]. The outline of a crack propagating under large scale bridging in a sandwich structure can be seen in Figure 1.
Artificial Intelligence Enabled Wireless Networking for 5G and Beyond: Recent Advances and Future Challenges (2020)

5G wireless communication networks are currently being deployed, and B5G networks are expected to be developed over the next decade. AI technologies and, in particular, ML have the potential to efficiently solve the unstructured and seemingly intractable problems by involving large amounts of data that need to be dealt with in B5G. This article studies how AI and ML can be leveraged for the design and operation of B5G networks. We first provide a comprehensive survey of recent advances and future challenges that result from bringing AI/ML technologies into B5G wireless networks. Our survey touches on different aspects of wireless network design and optimization, including channel measurements, modeling, and estimation, physical layer research, and network management and optimization. Then ML algorithms and applications to B5G networks are reviewed, followed by an overview of standard developments of applying AI/ML algorithms to B5G networks. We conclude this study with future challenges on applying AI/ML to B5G networks.
Design of the New CERN n_{T}OF Neutron Spallation Target: R&D and Prototyping Activities (2017)

A new spallation target for the CERN neutron time-of-flight facility will be installed during Long Shutdown 2 (2019-2020), with the objective of improving operational reliability, avoiding water contamination of spallation products, corrosion/erosion and creep phenomena, as well as optimizing it for the 20 m distant vertical experimental area 2, whilst keeping the same physics performances of the current target at the 200 m far experimental area 1. Several solutions have been studied with FLUKA Monte Carlo simulations in order to find the optimal solution with respect to neutron fluence, photon background, resolution function, energy deposition and radiation damage. Thermo-mechanical studies (including CFD simulations) have been performed in order to evaluate and optimize the target ability to withstand the beam loads in terms of maximum temperatures reached, cooling system efficiency, maximum stresses, creep and fatigue behaviour of the target materials, leading to a preliminary mechanical design of the target. This paper also covers the further prototyping and material characterization activities carried out in order to validate the feasibility of the investigated solutions.
Signal-to-noise ratio analysis of an amplified muiti-channel direct-detection dense-WDM system (1992)

Dense-wavelength-division multiplexed multichannel systems have the potential to provide enormous aggregate capacity. Such networks may require Fabry-Perot (FP) filters to demultiplex the channels and optical amplifiers, such as erbium-doped fiber amplifiers, to compensate for splitting or transmission losses.1 Although these amplifiers provide gain, they also introduce amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise which beats with itself and all the channels passing through the filter.2 In this paper, relevant noise sources are identified when utilizing a FP filter demultiplexer. Using Lorentzian approximations, simple expressions which contain easily measurable parameters are derived for both the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and power penalty. The optical filter must be amply wide to transmit the selected signal but sufficiently narrow to limit the ASE-related noise. The power penalty from rejected channels is weakly related to the ASE and decreases rapidly as the spacing increases.
MEMS-Based Research in Integrated Monitoring and Actuation at Case Western Reserve University (1996)

The component part is provided here to allow users access to individually authored sections of proceedings, annals, symposia, etc. However, the component should be considered within the context of the overall compilation report and not as a stand-alone technical report. Distribution Statement A:-his document has been approved for public release and sale, its distribution is unlimited.
Silicon modulator based on anti-crossing between paired amplitude and phase tunable microring resonators (2007)

A modulator design based upon anti-crossing between coupled silicon microrings with independent amplitude-phase functionality, is presented. The device has a footprint of 0.003 mm , exhibits over 10times improvement in modulation sensitivity, and 14 dB extinction.
Generation of Chemical Concentration Gradients in Mobile Droplet Arrays via Fragmentation of Long Immiscible Diluting Plugs (2013)

We report a one-step passive microfluidic technique to generate arrays of moving droplets containing variation of chemical concentration between individual drops. We find that a concentration gradient can be established in a long diluting plug by on-chip dilution and extraction of samples via orthogonal coalescence of the plug with a static array of sample drops. The diluting plug containing the gradient is subsequently fragmented by a droplet generator. We show that the technique is flexible, as the dilution range can be tuned by a variety of control parameters including the carrier fluid flow rate, volume of diluting plugs, and stationary drops. We also find that the concentration gradients have a fine resolution and are reproducible to within 2% relative standard deviation. As one demonstrative application, we show the suitability of the technique for generating a dose-response curve for an enzyme inhibition assay. Because of the ability to inject multiple plugs, our technique has the potential for unlimited as well as sequential dilution of a series of substrates. Thus, our method could be valuable as a high-throughput and high-resolution screening tool for assays that require interrogation of the response of one or more target species to numerous distinct chemical concentrations.
Vital-sign detection based on a passive WiFi radar (2015)

This paper presents a passive radar to detect human vital signs with ambient WiFi signals. The proposed radar does not contain a transmitting source. Instead, it captures WiFi signals produced by a far IEEE 802.11b/g/n access point and utilizes those signals to perform vital-sign detection according to Doppler effects. The reliability of detection depends on the conditions of WiFi connection, such as downloading or non-downloading states and signal strength, which is the focus of this study.
Approximating a RUM from Distributions on k-Slates (2023)

In this work we consider the problem of fitting Random Utility Models (RUMs) to user choices. Given the winner distributions of the subsets of size $k$ of a universe, we obtain a polynomial-time algorithm that finds the RUM that best approximates the given distribution on average. Our algorithm is based on a linear program that we solve using the ellipsoid method. Given that its corresponding separation oracle problem is NP-hard, we devise an approximate separation oracle that can be viewed as a generalization of the weighted feedback arc set problem to hypergraphs. Our theoretical result can also be made practical: we obtain a heuristic that is effective and scales to real-world datasets.
2Mb SPRAM Design: Bi-Directional Current Write and Parallelizing-Direction Current Read Schemes Based on Spin-Transfer Torque Switching (2007)

A 1.8 V 2-Mb SPRAM (SPin-transfer torque RAM) chip using 0.2-mum logic process with MgO tunneling barrier cell demonstrates the circuit technologies for potential low power non-volatile RAM, or universal memory. This chip features: an array scheme with bit-by-bit bi-directional current write to achieve proper spin-transfer torque writing of 100-ns, and parallelizing-direction current reading with low voltage bit-line that leads to 40-ns access time.
DT‐03–06: The first blood‐based biomarker of Alzheimer's disease with high predictability: Oligomeric beta‐amyloid detection by multimer detection system (2013)

Multimer Detection System (MDS) is a new patented ELISA technique based on differentiating multimers exclusively from monomers in the samples containing both isoforms, using the multimeric expression of epitopes on aggregated disease-associated oligomeric protein. MDS was originally developed to detect blood based abnormal prion of the sheep animal model with scrapie and has shown very high sensitivity and specificity. We adapted this MDS for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) targeting oligomeric beta amyloid in patient's blood samples. We measured the value of oligomeric beta amyloid from the blood of 36 probable AD patients, 14 age-matched normal controls and also 43 younger normal controls. In MDS, epitope-overlapping N-terminal A b antibodies were used for capturing and detecting of antigen. Also we measure the oligomeric beta amyloid in 15 AD patients and 15 age-matched normal controls who have been studied by FDG-PET, PIB-PET, CSF A b 42, t-tau, p-tau and other possible biomarkers. After optimization of each step of MDS technic for AD, MDS shows the higher specificity and sensitivity for diagnosis of AD than any other AD biomarkers including CSF A b 42. Types of anticoagulant used to collect blood sample and portion of blood used to detect oligomeric beta amyloid played an important role combining with the MDS. Both sensitivity and specificity were more than 95%. But the values of MDS were not correlated with the clinical severity. Blood based oligomeric beta amyloid measurement is well correlated with PIB-PET and CSF A b 42 data.
Carbonyl-Functionalized Cyclazines as Colorants and Air-Stable n-Type Semiconductors (2018)

A series of π-extended cycl[3,3,2]azines (3) bearing additional carbonyl groups were synthesized via aldol condensations. Two strong electron acceptor molecules (4 and 5), with low-lying LUMO energy levels of -3.99 and -3.95 eV, respectively, were obtained. Organic thin-film transistors (TFTs) based on the cyanated cyclazine derivatives 5 were fabricated by vapor deposition, exhibiting extraordinarily stable n-type semiconductor character under ambient condition with the highest electron mobility of 0.06 cm<sup>2</sup> V<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> consistently for more than 30 months.
Ab-initio Based Analytical Evaluation of Entropy in Magnetocaloric Materials with First Order Phase Transitions (2015)

We combine spin polarised density functional theory and thermodynamic mean field theory to describe the phase transitions of antiperovskite manganese nitrides. We find that the inclusion of the localized spin contribution to the entropy, evaluated through mean field theory, lowers the transition temperatures. Furthermore, we show that the electronic entropy leads to first order phase transitions in agreement with experiments whereas the localized spin contribution adds second order character to the transition. We compare our predictions to available experimental data to assess the validity of the assumptions underpinning our multilevel modelling.
Sonography of the breast: findings following conservative surgery and irradiation for early carcinoma. (1983)

A dedicated-waterpath ultrasound breast scanner was used to examine 25 patients who had early breast carcinomas that were treated with conservative surgery (lumpectomy, tylectomy) and irradiation. Sonographic findings following such therapy included asymmetry in breast size, skin deformity and thickening, nipple retraction and/or distortion, and thickening of the Cooper ligaments. Disruption of the central echogenic cone of fibroglandular tissue, and general architectural distortion and internal asymmetry when the breasts were compared were also present in a large percentage of patients. The single case of recurrent carcinoma revealed only enlargement of the treated breast when the breasts were compared; no other pertinent sonographic findings were evident. The significance of sonography in the evaluation of the breast after conservative therapy for carcinoma remains to be determined. However, many of the sonographic findings in this group of patients are similar to those of the secondary signs of carcinoma. Knowledge of the sonographic changes of the conservatively treated breast therefore assumes importance for the sonographer.
A Context-Aware E-Bike System to Reduce Pollution Inhalation While Cycling (2018)

The effect of transport-related pollution on human health is fast becoming recognized as a major issue in cities worldwide. Cyclists, in particular, face great health risks, as they typically are most exposed to tail-pipe emissions. Four avenues are being explored to combat urban air pollution: 1) policy interventions such as outright bans on polluting vehicles, 2) embracing zero tailpipe emission vehicles, 3) measuring air-quality as a means to better informing citizens of zones of higher pollution, and 4) developing smart mobility devices that seek to minimize the effect of polluting devices on citizens as they transport goods and individuals in our cities. Following this latter direction, in this paper, we present a new way to protect cyclists from the effect of urban pollution. Namely, by exploiting the actuation possibilities afforded by pedelecs or e-bikes (electric bikes), we design a cyber-physical system that mitigates the effect of urban pollution by indirectly controlling the ventilation rates (volume of air inhaled per minute) of cyclists in polluted areas. Results from a real device are presented to illustrate the efficacy of our system.
Novel Chiral Effects on the Molecular Organization in the Liquid-Crystalline Phases (2004)

An optically active chiral twin compound SS4 showed two novel liquid-crystalline phases. One is optically isotropic M1 phase, and the other exhibits parquet-like texture (M2 phase). Both phases changed into the antiferroelectric phase with reduction of the optical purity, showing a new type of chiral effect on the mesogenic behavior.
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide Release during Sleep in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnoea before and during Treatment with Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (1989)

1. Plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) were measured in seven patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) while they were awake, during repetitive apnoea and during treatment with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). 2. ANP levels in both pulmonary artery and peripheral venous samples were elevated during apnoeic sleep and reduced when apnoea was prevented by nasal CPAP. Mean values of pulmonary artery ANP were 116.3 +/- 17.9 pg/ml during apnoea and 64.8 +/- 15.2 pg/ml (P less than 0.05) on nasal CPAP. 3. It is concluded that there is increased ANP release during sleep in patients with OSA and that CPAP treatment normalizes ANP secretion. These findings may explain previously identified urinary abnormalities in OSA.
Post-Synthesis Boron Doping of Silicon Quantum Dots via Hydrosilsesquioxane-Capped Thermal Diffusion (2022)

Doped silicon quantum dots (SiQDs) with defined dopant distribution, size, and surface chemistry are highly sought-after as a scientific curiosity because their unique properties offer a wide array of potential applications including multi-modal medical imaging and photovoltaic devices. This report describes a diffusion based post-synthesis doping method for incorporating high concentrations of B (2.5 – 5.0 atomic %) into pre-formed SiQDs of predefined sizes while simultaneously maintaining their structure and morphology. The processing temperature, atmosphere, and QD size all strongly influence the resulting B-doped SiQDs. The as-synthesized doped SiQDs exhibit size-dependent photoluminescence spanning the visible to near-infrared spectral regions, are compatible with aqueous environments and are readily rendered compatible with organic solvents upon functionalization with appropriate alkoxide surface groups.
Attenuation of nitric oxide synthase isoform expression by mild hypothermia after focal cerebral ischemia: variations depending on timing of cooling (2003)

Western blots showed significantly increased nNOS and iNOS expression in the ischemic cortex at 2, 6, and 24 hours compared with sham-operated animals. The NOS expression was highest at 24 hours. Postischemic hypothermia attenuated nNOS expression at 6 and 24 hours to a greater extent than intraischemic hypothermia. Intraischemic hypothermia reduced iNOS expression at both 2 and 24 hours, whereas postischemic hypothermia decreased iNOS expression at 24 hours. Results of immunohistochemical studies showed that nNOS colocalized with the neuronal marker MAP-2 at all time points, whereas iNOS was initially localized to vessels, and then localized to activated microglia by 24 hours. Intraischemic but not postischemic hypothermia decreased the number of nitrotyrosine-positive cells in the ischemic cortex at 24 hours. Mild hypothermia significantly but differentially attenuates increases in NOS isoforms, with more robust nNOS suppression when cooling is delayed. This may have important implications for understanding the mechanism of hypothermic neuroprotection and for stroke therapy.
ChemInform Abstract: Increase of the Adenallene anti‐HIV Activity in Cell Culture Using Its Bis(tBuSATE) Phosphotriester Derivatives. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.