gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A macroscopic device described by a Boltzmann-like distribution (2013)

Equilibrium thermodynamic phenomena such as the Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution of molecular velocities are rare in systems of macroscopic particles interacting by mechanical collisions. This paper reports a system composed of millimeter-sized polymer objects that under mechanical agitation exhibits a “discretization” of the configurations of the system, and has a distribution of the probabilities of these configurations that is analogous to a Boltzmann distribution. The system is composed of spheres and a three-link chain on a bounded horizontal surface, shaken with an aperiodic but not completely random horizontal motion. Experiments were performed at different strengths of agitation (quantified by the frequency of agitation, f, at constant amplitude) and densities of spheres (quantified by the filling ratio, FR). The chain was typically found in one of three conformations – extended, single folded, and double folded – because, under collisions with the spheres, adjacent links were stable mechanically only when fully extended or fully folded. The probabilities of the different conformations of the chain could be described by a Boltzmann distribution in which the “temperature” depended on f and the “energies” of conformations on FR. The predictions of the Boltzmann formula using empirically determined “temperatures” and “energies” agreed with measurements within two experimental standard deviations in 47 out of 48 experiments.
Surgical Treatment of Aplasia Cutis Congenita with Acellular Dermal Graft and Cultured Epithelial Autograft (2009)

Log in or Register Subscribe to journalSubscribe Get new issue alertsGet alerts Enter your Email address: Wolters Kluwer Health may email you for journal alerts and information, but is committed to maintaining your privacy and will not share your personal information without your express consent. For more information, please refer to our Privacy Policy. Subscribe to eTOC Secondary Logo Journal Logo All Articles Images Videos Podcasts Blogs Advanced Search Toggle navigation Subscribe Register Login Articles & Issues Current IssuePrevious IssuesPublished Ahead-of-PrintSpecial Issues Collections Advancement FlapCartilage GraphCompsite GraphEar ReconstructionEyelid ReconstructionFull Thickness Skin GraphInterpolation FlapLip ReconstructionNasal ALANasal ReconstructionNasal Tip - SidewallPull Through FlapRotation FlapSkin Cancer AwarenessSoft TriangleTransposistion Flap VideosPodcastFor Authors Submit a ManuscriptInformation for AuthorsLanguage Editing ServicesAuthor Permissions Journal Info About the JournalEditorial BoardAbout the societyAdvertisingSubscription ServicesReprintsOpen AccessRights and PermissionsNZSCM Member Info All Articles Images Videos Podcasts Blogs Advanced Search
Development and Comparison of a TOPAZ-II System Model with Experimental Data (1994)

An integrated model of the TOPAZ-II space nuclear reactor system is developed and compared with measurements from the TOPAZ-II, V-71 unit tests. For a given reactor thermal power, the model calculates the coolant flow rate, temperature, and pressure throughout the system; load electric power; and overall system efficiency. Model predictions showed good agreement with the experimental data. The calculated coolant temperatures and pressure are within 15 K (<2%) and 12% of the measurements, respectively. Analysis showed that at the nominal operating thermal power of the system (115 kW), the NaK coolant is highly subcooled. The largest subcooling of 365 K occurs at the exit of the electromagnetic pump, where coolant pressure is highest, and the lowest subcooling of 275 K occurs at the exit of the reactor core, where coolant temperature is highest.
F1: Silicon 3D-integration technology and systems (2010)

This whole-day forum offers a complete overview of the existing and emerging 3D-techniques enabling higher interconnectivity between circuit components. It aims to show the advantages of these techniques such as reduced cost, lower power consumption and ease of integration of new generations of System-in-Package (SiP). Designers face different problems which are specific to the application segments such as imagers, battery operated devices, SSD, etc. This forum looks into these problems and presents different 3D-solutions.
A Cryptic Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor T-Cell Epitope: Identification and Characterization by Mass Spectrometry and T-Cell Assays (2008)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is involved in various physiologic processes, such as angiogenesis or wound healing, but is also crucial in pathologic events, such as tumor growth. Thus, clinical anti-VEGF treatments have been developed that could already show beneficial effects for cancer patients. In this article, we describe the first VEGF-derived CD8(+) T-cell epitope. The natural HLA ligand SRFGGAVVR was identified by differential mass spectrometry in two primary renal cell carcinomas (RCC) and was significantly overpresented on both tumor tissues. SRFGGAVVR is derived from a cryptic translated region of VEGF presumably by initiation of translation at the nonclassic start codon CUG(499). SRFGGAVVR-specific T cells were generated in vitro using peptide-loaded dendritic cells or artificial antigen-presenting cells. SRFGGAVVR-specific CD8(+) T cells, identified by HLA tetramer analysis after in vitro stimulation, were fully functional T effector cells, which were able to secrete IFN-gamma on stimulation and killed tumor cells in vitro. Additionally, we have quantitatively analyzed VEGF mRNA and protein levels in RCC tumor and normal tissue samples by gene chip analysis, quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, in situ hybridization, and bead-based immunoassay. In the future, T cells directed against VEGF as a tumor-associated antigen may represent a possible way of combining peptide-based anti-VEGF immunotherapy with already existent anti-VEGF cancer therapies.
High Sensitivity Crosslink Detection Coupled With Integrative Structure Modeling in the Mass Spec Studio (2016)

The Mass Spec Studio package was designed to support the extraction of hydrogen-deuterium exchange and covalent labeling data for a range of mass spectrometry (MS)-based workflows, to integrate with restraint-driven protein modeling activities. In this report, we present an extension of the underlying Studio framework and provide a plug-in for crosslink (XL) detection. To accommodate flexibility in XL methods and applications, while maintaining efficient data processing, the plug-in employs a peptide library reduction strategy via a presearch of the tandem-MS data. We demonstrate that prescoring linear unmodified peptide tags using a probabilistic approach substantially reduces search space by requiring both crosslinked peptides to generate sparse data attributable to their linear forms. The method demonstrates highly sensitive crosslink peptide identification with a low false positive rate. Integration with a Haddock plug-in provides a resource that can combine multiple sources of data for protein modeling activities. We generated a structural model of porcine transferrin bound to TbpB, a membrane-bound receptor essential for iron acquisition in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Using mutational data and crosslinking restraints, we confirm the mechanism by which TbpB recognizes the iron-loaded form of transferrin, and note the requirement for disparate sources of restraint data for accurate model construction. The software plugin is freely available at www.msstudio.ca.
Abstract 2729: Galectin-4 in colorectal cancer (2010)

Abstract Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading diseases in the western world and is curable if diagnosed at an early stage. The normal-adenoma-carcinoma sequence concept suggests that the normal epithelia in the colorectal region transform into adenomas, which progress to invasive carcinomas. The role of galectin-4 (gal-4) a protein abundantly expressed in normal colonic epithelia, hereto considered a differentiation marker, on the onset or progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) is unknown. The main aim of this study is to evaluate gal-4 as a potential biomarker in detecting the onset of CRC and to determine the function of gal-4 in CRC development. Methods: We analyzed the paraffin-embedded normal, adenomatous polyps and invasive carcinomas of the human colon biopsies and tissue microarrays for gal-4 expression by immunohistochemistry. Gal-4 expression in CRC cell lines was characterized by RT-PCR, western blotting, immunofluorescence microscopy and FACS analysis. The functional role of gal-4 was examined by cell proliferation, migration, motility, transfection and RNAi experiments. Results: Biopsies immunostained for gal-4 were quantified using ImageJ software. The normal tissue as well as normal tissue adjacent to cancer contained highest amount of gal-4. Gal-4 intensity decreased in all the disease-states, which was found to be statistically significant (P &amp;lt;0.05). The results suggested that as the normal colon develops adenomatous polyps, which transform subsequently into invasive carcinomas, the epithelial cells lining the crypts shut off gal-4 expression. Gal-4 negative cells showed increased cell proliferation, motility and migration, in comparison to gal-4 positive CRC cells. Transfection of the CRC cells (gal-4 -ve) with gal-4 led to decreased motility and cell cycle arrest. Externally added gal-4 on gal-4 -ve cells induced retarded cell migration. Gal-4 down-regulates cyclin D1 level and upregulates p15 and p21 levels. Conclusions: We conclude that galectin-4 plays a key role the maintenance of epithelial cells in a differentiated state, and its loss allows the cells to de-differentiate, leading to increased cell proliferation, migration and motility, which are hallmark features of cancer. Galectin-4 brings about these changes through cell cycle regulation by modulating the cyclin D1, p15 and p21 levels. Finally, our findings that extracellular galectin-4 retards the migratory potential raise a possibility for it to serve as a therapeutic agent in controlling CRC progression. Thus beyond shedding light on the role of tumor-suppressor gal-4 in CRC, this study underscores the potential clinical value of gal-4 in prognosis and diagnosis of CRC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2729.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐PHENYLSELENOPHTHALIMIDE. A USEFUL REAGENT FOR THE FACILE TRANSFORMATION OF (1) CARBOXYLIC ACIDS INTO EITHER SELENOL ESTERS OR AMIDES AND (2) ALCOHOLS INTO ALKYL PHENYL SELENIDES (1981)

Abstract N‐Phenylselenophthalimid (I) dient zur Übertragung des Phenylselenorestes auf Alkohole (II) oder Carbonsäuren (IV).
Phytophthora infestans RXLR-WY Effector AVR3a Associates with Dynamin-Related Protein 2 Required for Endocytosis of the Plant Pattern Recognition Receptor FLS2 (2015)

Pathogens utilize effectors to suppress basal plant defense known as PTI (Pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity). However, our knowledge of PTI suppression by filamentous plant pathogens, i.e. fungi and oomycetes, remains fragmentary. Previous work revealed that the co-receptor BAK1/SERK3 contributes to basal immunity against the potato pathogen Phytophthora infestans. Moreover BAK1/SERK3 is required for the cell death induced by P. infestans elicitin INF1, a protein with characteristics of PAMPs. The P. infestans host-translocated RXLR-WY effector AVR3a is known to supress INF1-mediated cell death by binding the plant E3 ligase CMPG1. In contrast, AVR3aKI-Y147del, a deletion mutant of the C-terminal tyrosine of AVR3a, fails to bind CMPG1 and does not suppress INF1-mediated cell death. Here, we studied the extent to which AVR3a and its variants perturb additional BAK1/SERK3-dependent PTI responses in N. benthamiana using the elicitor/receptor pair flg22/FLS2 as a model. We found that all tested variants of AVR3a suppress defense responses triggered by flg22 and reduce internalization of activated FLS2. Moreover, we discovered that AVR3a associates with the Dynamin-Related Protein 2 (DRP2), a plant GTPase implicated in receptor-mediated endocytosis. Interestingly, silencing of DRP2 impaired ligand-induced FLS2 internalization but did not affect internalization of the growth receptor BRI1. Our results suggest that AVR3a associates with a key cellular trafficking and membrane-remodeling complex involved in immune receptor-mediated endocytosis. We conclude that AVR3a is a multifunctional effector that can suppress BAK1/SERK3-mediated immunity through at least two different pathways.
ChemInform Abstract: Theoretical Investigation on Photochromic Diarylethene (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Comparative analysis of NK cell subset distribution in normal and lymphoproliferative disease of granular lymphocyte conditions (2004)

Abstract We have characterized the heterogeneity of human blood NK cell subsets defined by expression of KIR, lectin like receptors and NK cell differentiation markers within a cohort of 51 healthy Caucasian individuals. High inter‐individual variability in cell surface expression of most NK cell markers is observed. Range values defining NK cell subsets in healthy donors were further used as references to characterize 14 patients with NK‐type lymphoproliferative disease of granular lymphocytes (NK‐LDGL). Alterations of the KIR repertoire were noted in all NK‐LDGL patients. NK cell expansions were classified as oligoclonal KIR + or as non‐detectable KIR ( nd KIR) using anti‐KIR2DL1/2DS1, anti‐KIR2DL2/2DL3/2DS2, anti‐KIR3DL1 and anti‐KIR2DS4 monoclonal antibodies. A major reduction in the size of the CD56 bright NK cell subset was a constant feature of NK‐LDGL. Altered distribution of CD94 + , CD161 + , and CD162R + NK cell subsets was also observed in NK‐LDGL patients. Considering the potential role of NK cells in eliminating tumors or virus‐infected cells, the reference values defined in this study should be valuable to characterize both quantitative and qualitative alterations of the NK cell repertoire in pathological conditions and to monitor NK cell reconstitution following hematopoietic transplantation.
Evolution Of The Wcdma Radio Access Technology (2007)

This chapter describes the evolution of WCDMA radio access technologies such as HSDPA (High-speed Downlink Packet Access), HSUPA (High-speed Uplink Packet Access), which is an enhanced uplink scheme, and MBMS (Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Services) (i.e., Release 6 MBMS) Future WCDMA evolution including continuous connectivity and MIMO (Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output) channel transmission in WCDMA is also described.
Bismuth Valence Studies of As-Grown Superconducting Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O Thin Films with Tc(zero) from 98 K to 66 K (1992)

Bismuth valence of Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconducting film has been studied by X-ray photoemission spectroscopy. As-grown highly oriented Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O 2223 single-phase films with various critical temperatures from 98 K to 66 K were prepared by changing the Bi content. The Bi 4f core level electron spectra are decomposed into two components. These components are assigned to BiO and to Bi 2 O 3 which is located at an energy higher than the peak of BiO by about 1 eV. Then it was empirically determined that the critical temperature can be controlled by the Bi mean valence, and changes irrespective of the number of Cu-O planes. The critical temperature of the film increases with a decrease in the Bi mean valence which was calculated from the ratio of BiO/Bi 2 O 3 .
RF Watt-Level Low-Insertion-Loss High-Bandwidth SOI CMOS Switches (2018)

CMOS RF switches support watt-level RF output power while enabling signal processing with high speed. Typically, RF FET switches offer a tradeoff between a power handling and modulation bandwidth. This paper investigates the cause of compression in a FET switch, and the analysis suggests the optimization of the gate driving impedance for a stacked-FET switch. A design methodology is presented to realize watt-level power handling with high fractional bandwidth (FBW). The measurements demonstrate a BPSK modulator that can handle up to 10 W with wide FBW. The high-power, low-insertion loss, and high-modulation bandwidth demonstrate record performance.
Erratum: Semi‐automated pulmonary nodule interval segmentation using the NLST data (2018)

[https://doi.org/10.1002/mp.12766] There is an error in the contributing author's name on the published article1. The correct spelling is Jianguo Zhu (misspelled as Jiangguo Zhu). Page 12: Discussion Section: Corrected to: The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Current: The Federal Drug Administration (FDA) Corrected to: Recently these nodules were segmented using the shape and location information (matched filter-based approach) to assess the sizes and volume estimation, a variability of 3.9 to 28% has been reported, they have shown a higher variability for smaller nodules. Current: Recently these nodules were given to a clinical radiologist to assess the sizes and volume estimation, a variability of 3.9 to 28% has been reported, they have shown a higher variability for smaller nodules.
Development and validation of HERWIG 7 tunes from CMS underlying-event measurements (2021)

This paper presents new sets of parameters ("tunes") for the underlying-event model of the <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow><mml:mstyle><mml:mi>H</mml:mi> <mml:mi>E</mml:mi> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:mi>W</mml:mi> <mml:mi>I</mml:mi> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi></mml:mstyle> <mml:mspace></mml:mspace> <mml:mn>7</mml:mn></mml:mrow> </mml:math> event generator. These parameters control the description of multiple-parton interactions (MPI) and colour reconnection in <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow><mml:mstyle><mml:mi>H</mml:mi> <mml:mi>E</mml:mi> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:mi>W</mml:mi> <mml:mi>I</mml:mi> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi></mml:mstyle> <mml:mspace></mml:mspace> <mml:mn>7</mml:mn></mml:mrow> </mml:math> , and are obtained from a fit to minimum-bias data collected by the CMS experiment at <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow><mml:msqrt><mml:mi>s</mml:mi></mml:msqrt> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.9</mml:mn></mml:mrow> </mml:math> , 7, and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mn>13</mml:mn> <mml:mspace></mml:mspace> <mml:mrow><mml:mtext>Te</mml:mtext> <mml:mspace></mml:mspace></mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . The tunes are based on the NNPDF 3.1 next-to-next-to-leading-order parton distribution function (PDF) set for the parton shower, and either a leading-order or next-to-next-to-leading-order PDF set for the simulation of MPI and the beam remnants. Predictions utilizing the tunes are produced for event shape observables in electron-positron collisions, and for minimum-bias, inclusive jet, top quark pair, and Z and W boson events in proton-proton collisions, and are compared with data. Each of the new tunes describes the data at a reasonable level, and the tunes using a leading-order PDF for the simulation of MPI provide the best description of the data.
Crossing the Cleft: Communication Challenges Between Neuroscience and Artificial Intelligence (2020)

Historically, neuroscience principles have heavily influenced artificial intelligence (AI), for example the influence of the perceptron model, essentially a simple model of a biological neuron, on artificial neural networks. More recently, notable recent AI advances, for example the growing popularity of reinforcement learning, often appear more aligned with cognitive neuroscience or psychology, focusing on function at a relatively abstract level. At the same time, neuroscience stands poised to enter a new era of large-scale high-resolution data and appears more focused on underlying neural mechanisms or architectures that can, at times, seem rather removed from functional descriptions. While this might seem to foretell a new generation of AI approaches arising from a deeper exploration of neuroscience specifically for AI, the most direct path for achieving this is unclear. Here we discuss cultural differences between the two fields, including divergent priorities that should be considered when leveraging modern-day neuroscience for AI. For example, the two fields feed two very different applications that at times require potentially conflicting perspectives. We highlight small but significant cultural shifts that we feel would greatly facilitate increased synergy between the two fields.
Radiation hardened SOS MOSFET technology for infrared focal plane readouts (1990)

A silicon-on-sapphire (SOS) MOSFET technology with a body contact technique is shown to provide a reduced kink effect and no edge leakage for a 500 krad(Si) Co-60 dose at 80 K. The approach utilizes a conventional local oxidation of silicon (LOCOS) field implant process with a silicon conducting layer remaining beneath the field oxide. For the design, with the body connection beneath the field oxide, the contact can be made at significant distances from the device and potentially only one contract is required for each well with a number of transistors in a well. Additional advantages of the approach are greater packing densities, body connection to both sides of the channel and compatibility with standard bulk CMOS field oxide processes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Negative-tone polyphenol resist based on chemically amplified polarity change reaction with sub-50 nm resolution capability (2006)

We designed a novel chemically-amplified negative-tone molecular-resist compound of 3M6C-MBSA-BL, which is a &#947;-hydroxycarboxylated polyphenol (4,4'-methylenebis[2-[di(2-methyl-4-hydroxy-5-cyclohexylphenyl)] methyl]phenol (3M6C-MBSA)) for EB and EUV lithographies to be used in hp 45 and beyond technology nodes. After selection of photo acid generators (PAGs) and optimization of the concentration of PAG in the resist, we could demonstrate 40-nm line and space patterns resolution by EB exposure. Also dry-etching durability and 1-month shelf life at -20<sup>o</sup>C were confirmed. Small line-edge roughness (LER) values of 4.5 nm (inspection length: <i>L</i> = 620 nm) and 6.2 nm (<i>L</i> = 1800 nm) were achieved using the 3M6C-MBSA-BL resist.