gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Marker-Independent Monitoring of in vitro and in vivo Degradation of Supramolecular Polymers Applied in Cardiovascular in situ Tissue Engineering (2022)

The equilibrium between scaffold degradation and neotissue formation, is highly essential for <i>in situ</i> tissue engineering. Herein, biodegradable grafts function as temporal roadmap to guide regeneration. The ability to monitor and understand the dynamics of degradation and tissue deposition in <i>in situ</i> cardiovascular graft materials is therefore of great value to accelerate the implementation of safe and sustainable tissue-engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs) as a substitute for conventional prosthetic grafts. In this study, we investigated the potential of Raman microspectroscopy and Raman imaging to monitor degradation kinetics of supramolecular polymers, which are employed as degradable scaffolds in <i>in situ</i> tissue engineering. Raman imaging was applied on <i>in vitro</i> degraded polymers, investigating two different polymer materials, subjected to oxidative and enzymatically-induced degradation. Furthermore, the method was transferred to analyze <i>in vivo</i> degradation of tissue-engineered carotid grafts after 6 and 12 months in a sheep model. Multivariate data analysis allowed to trace degradation and to compare the data from <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> degradation, indicating similar molecular observations in spectral signatures between implants and oxidative <i>in vitro</i> degradation. <i>In vivo</i> degradation appeared to be dominated by oxidative pathways. Furthermore, information on collagen deposition and composition could simultaneously be obtained from the same image scans. Our results demonstrate the sensitivity of Raman microspectroscopy to determine degradation stages and the assigned molecular changes non-destructively, encouraging future exploration of this techniques for time-resolved quality assessment of <i>in situ</i> tissue engineering processes.
Comparison of the Feasibility and Diagnostic Performance of ACR CEUS LI‐RADS and a Modified CEUS LI‐RADS for HCC in Examinations Using Sonazoid (2023)

The findings indicate that modified LI-RADS had a moderate level of diagnostic performance for HCC in examinations using Sonazoid, which was comparable to ACR LI-RADS.
Systematic review of current systemic treatment options for erosive lichen planus (2012)

Erosive lichen planus (ELP) is an extremely painful condition characterized by ulcerative oral and genital lesions that cause desquamation of the epithelium and bleeding. ELP is more common in women, often recalcitrant to medical therapy and may result in transformation to squamous cell carcinoma. The objective of this review was to assess the evidence in support of various systemic therapies for ELP. PubMed and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were queried from 1966 to 2009 using the term ‘treatment’ in combination with ‘erosive lichen planus’, ‘mucosal lichen planus’, ‘vulvar lichen planus’, ‘oral lichen planus’ or ‘vulvovaginal gingival syndrome’. A total of 424 cases, 417 of which met the selection criteria, were identified. Each therapeutic option was scored using the stevens healthcare needs assessment scale for quality and level of evidence, and then weighted based on prevalence of use to arrive at an overall assessment score and rank order.
Distortion of Gaussian beams reflected off-axis on curved mirrors in the MEMS scale (2017)

The recent technological development in the MEMS technology lead to the production of curved micromirror with full three-dimensional control. Understanding how the optical beams are transformed on curved micromirrors is yet to be fully understood in such a scale, where the optical beam spot size is comparable to the micromirror radius of curvature. A numerical study of Gaussian beam distortion upon reflection on micro-curved surface is carried out in this work in the near-infrared spectral regime. The physical-optics approach is used as a benchmark for the Gaussian-optics approach. For the case of 45-degree incidence on a spherical micromirror with a 500-μm radius of curvature, the Gaussian-optics approach shows good accuracy for beam minimum waist radius of 5 μm located in the focal plane of the mirror, while for a minimum waist radius of 1.5 μm the Gaussian optics approach fails to predict the reflected beam profile and divergence angle. The accuracy of prediction for the 5-μm waist radius case is reduced, when the incident beam waist is located farther from the mirror.
Automatic building identification under bomb damage conditions (2009)

Given the vast amount of image intelligence utilized in support of planning and executing military operations, a passive automated image processing capability for target identification is urgently required. Furthermore, transmitting large image streams from remote locations would quickly use available band width (BW) precipitating the need for processing to occur at the sensor location. This paper addresses the problem of automatic target recognition for battle damage assessment (BDA). We utilize an Adaptive Resonance Theory approach to cluster templates of target buildings. The results show that the network successfully classifies targets from non-targets in a virtual test bed environment.
Correction: GDNF Overexpression from the Native Locus Reveals its Role in the Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic System Function (2016)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005710.].
MIND Demons for MR-to-CT deformable image registration in image-guided spine surgery (2016)

A modality-independent deformable registration method has been developed to estimate a viscoelastic diffeomorphic map between preoperative MR and intraoperative CT. The method yields registration accuracy suitable to application in image-guided spine surgery across a broad range of anatomical sites and modes of deformation.
Endovascular stent-grafts for Aortic Dissecting Aneurysm in 6 Cases (2007)

AIM: To observe the efficacy, feasibility and safety of endovascular stent-grafts in treating aortic dissection.
METHODS: Six patients with aortic dissecting aneurysm (3 males and 3 females, aged 32-67 years, average of 50 years old) were selected from Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical College between March 2005 and March 2006. They were diagnosed by transthoracic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and aortic angiography, and as type Ⅲ aortic dissecting aneurysm according to Debakey typing. The tumor diameter was ranged from 3.2 to 4.3 cm. The informed consent was obtained from all patients. Two weeks after the onset, the blood pressure was control between 90 110 and 60-70 mm Hg and heart rate at 60-65 times/mm, then the straight circular and bifurcated stents, the product of Yuhengjia Company, composed of single naked membrane, straight circular and bifurcated stents made of nickel-titanium memory alloy, and cover of domestic artificial blood vessel were implanted with the patients generally anesthetized. The aortic dissection and general condition of patients after operation were observed with angiography, and the patient recovery condition was examined by spiral CT at postoperative months 3 and 12.
RESULTS: All 6 cases were involved in the result analysis. ①The diameters of stents for the patients were appropriate. The angiography showed that the thoracic aortic dissection in 4 cases disappeared, and thrombogenesis was found in false lumen; the thoracic aortic dissections in 2 cases disappeared, however, a little contrast agent was found in false lumen, but the blood flow was very slow. The general condition of all patients was good with stable vital signs, all patients discharged after 7-10 days. ②CT results at 3 month after operation suggested that tile original ale lumen significantly contracted, and the true lumen restored to normal level. In case 3, there was mural thrombus in the distal stent that connected with stent vessel wall, and the thrombus hyperplasia was not obvious during follow up. At 12 months after operation, there was no distinct alteration in the stent location and appearance, and the life quality of patients was significantly improved.
CONCLUSION: Endovascular stent-grafts are effective and safe in treating aortic dissection.
Improved postprandial glucose control with a customized Model Predictive Controller (2015)

Meal compensation in blood glucose control of people affected by type 1 Diabetes is an open challenge. The proposed Model Predictive Controller (MPC) is equipped with an asymmetric quadratic cost function, postprandial (pp) input integral and pp output soft constraints. The controller is synthesized with a linear glucose-insulin model customized on the basis of the patient clinical knowledge. An in-silico study on 100 adult virtual patients of the UVA/Padova simulator is performed to evaluate the achieved controller performance. This is compared with the performance obtained with a previously developed MPC. The evaluation is performed in perturbed scenario in which the controller is not aware of random variations of insulin sensitivity in each virtual patient. The proposed controller is shown to be able to significantly increase the average control performance and to reduce both hyper- and hypoglycemia phenomena. A nonlinear version of the proposed MPC, whose performance is evaluated in a nominal scenario, is also considered as ideal reference.
Activated adhesion of CTL to MHC class I but not to fibronectin is inhibited by cis unsaturated fatty acids and phenylarsine oxide (1995)

Abstract Binding of CTL to MHC class I or fibronectin is activated through TCR signaling. Once activated, CTL adhesion to MHC class I results in tyrosine phosphorylation of CTL substrates, phosphatidylinositol (PI) turnover, and degranulation. Although activated adhesion to fibronectin does not itself initiate PI hydrolysis or degranulation, these responses are amplified once they become activated. In the present study we have examined the effect of cis unsaturated fatty acids (FA) and phenylarsine oxide (PAO) on CD8-mediated adhesion of CTL to immobilized class I protein and on biochemical and functional events that are triggered by this adhesion. Previous studies have shown that FA and low concentrations of PAO inhibit specific tyrosine phosphorylation events and degranulation but have no effect on PI turnover or CTL-target cell conjugates. The present results show that pretreating CTL with cis unsaturated, but not saturated, FA and low concentrations of PAO (&amp;lt; 0.5 microM) inhibit soluble anti-TCR-triggered binding of CD8 to immobilized MHC class I, tyrosine phosphorylation of CTL substrates, PI turnover, and degranulation. Addition of cis unsaturated FA or PAO after CTL have been allowed to bind to immobilized class I protein did not affect the level of adhesion. In contrast, neither cis unsaturated FA nor PAO affected the TCR-activated binding of CTL to fibronectin. These results suggest that activation of adhesion to the class I and fibronectin ligands involves divergent different pathways that can be distinguished by the FA and PAO agents.
Learning Sparse, Distributed Representations using the Hebbian Principle (2016)

The "fire together, wire together" Hebbian model is a central principle for learning in neuroscience, but surprisingly, it has found limited applicability in modern machine learning. In this paper, we take a first step towards bridging this gap, by developing flavors of competitive Hebbian learning which produce sparse, distributed neural codes using online adaptation with minimal tuning. We propose an unsupervised algorithm, termed Adaptive Hebbian Learning (AHL). We illustrate the distributed nature of the learned representations via output entropy computations for synthetic data, and demonstrate superior performance, compared to standard alternatives such as autoencoders, in training a deep convolutional net on standard image datasets.
An Innovative Semi-FEA Based, Variable Magnet-Step-Skew to Minimize Cogging Torque and Torque Pulsations in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (2020)

This article proposes a new magnet step-skew approach for surface mounted permanent magnet (PM) motors in order to reduce the cogging torque and torque pulsations as well as to increase the output torque quality. The proposed approach based on semi finite element analysis (FEA) relies on varying both the length of the magnet segments and the angle between the rotor segments. The proposed method targets to optimize the magnet length and the skew angle so as to achieve minimum torque pulsations as opposed to the conventional magnet step-skew approach in which the magnet length and the skew angle are kept the same. Semi-2D-FEA based simulations with an optimization algorithm are completed to attain the optimum magnet geometries as well as the skew angles. 3D-FEAs are also performed for optimized design to check the reliability of the proposed approach. A prototype motor is developed using the proposed design approach, tested and verified. A detailed comparison between the proposed novel approach and the test data are also provided. It is confirmed that the new approach provides very practical results and performs well compared to conventional step-skew approach.
Capacity to Elicit Cytotoxic CD8 T Cell Activity Against Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis Is Retained in a Vaccine Candidate 35 kDa Peptide Modified for Expression in Mammalian Cells (2019)

Studies focused on development of an attenuated vaccine against <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> subsp. <i>paratuberculosis</i> (<i>Map</i>), the causative agent of paratuberculosis (Ptb) in cattle and other species, revealed that deletion of <i>relA</i>, a global gene regulator, abrogates the ability of <i>Map</i> to establish a persistent infection. In the absence of <i>relA</i>, cattle develop CD8 cytotoxic T cells (CTL) with the ability to kill intracellular bacteria. Analysis of the recall response to a <i>relA</i> mutant, <i>Map</i>/Δ<i>relA</i>, with cells from a vaccinated steer demonstrated that a 35-kDa membrane peptide (MMP) is one of the targets of the response. This observation suggested that it might be possible to develop a peptide-based vaccine. As reported here, the gene encoding the hypothetical MMP ORF, MAP2121c, was modified for expression in mammalian cells as a first step in developing an expression cassette for incorporation into a mammalian expression vector. The modified sequence of MMP, tPA-MMP, was mutated to generate two additional sequences for the study, one with substitutions to replace five potential residues that could be glycosylated, tPA-MMP-5mut, and one with substitutions to replace the first two potential residues that could be glycosylated, tPA-MMP-2mut. The sequences were placed in an expression cassette to produce peptides for analysis. An <i>ex vivo</i> platform was used with flow cytometry and a bacterium viability assay to determine if modifications in the gene encoding MMP for expression in mammalian cells altered its capacity to elicit development of CD8 CTL, essential for its use in a peptide-based vaccine. Monocyte-depleted PBMC (mdPBMC) were stimulated with antigen-presenting cells (APC) pulsed with different MMP constructs. CD4 and CD8 T cells proliferated in response to stimulation with MMP (control) expressed in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (eMMP), tPA-MMP, and tPA-MMP-2mut. CD8 T cells retained the capacity to kill intracellular bacteria. The tPA-MMP-5mut failed to elicit a proliferative response and was not included in further studies. The data show that the expression cassettes containing MMP and MMP-2mut can be used to screen and select a mammalian expression vector for the development of an efficacious peptide-based vaccine against Ptb.
Structural drivers controlling sulfur solubility in alkali aluminoborosilicate glasses (2021)

Abstract If the direct feed approach to vitrify the Hanford's tank waste is implemented, the low activity waste (LAW) will comprise higher concentrations of alkali/alkaline‐earth sulfates than expected under the previously proposed vitrification scheme. To ensure a minimal impact of higher sulfate concentrations on the downstream operations and overall cost of vitrification, advanced glass formulations with enhanced sulfate loadings (solubility) are needed. While, the current sulfate solubility predictive models have been successful in designing LAW glasses with sulfate loadings &lt;2 wt.%, it will be difficult for them to design glass compositions with enhanced loadings due to our limited understanding of the fundamental science governing these processes. In this pursuit, this article unearths the underlying compositional and structural drivers controlling the sulfate solubility in model LAW glasses. It has been shown that the preferentially removes non‐framework cations from the modifier sites in the silicate network, thus, leading to the polymerization in the glass network via the formation of ring‐structured borosilicate units. Furthermore, though the sulfate solubility slightly decreases with increasing Li + /Na + in the glasses, the prefers to be charge compensated by Na + , as it is easier for to break Na–O bonds instead of Li–O bonds.
Tactile bump display using electro-rheological fluid (2013)

This study proposes a novel technique to display tactile sensation using electro-rheological fluid (ERF). ERF changes its rheological characteristics according to the electric field applied. The ERF used in this study generates relatively high yield stress and behaves as a solid when subjected to a strong electric field. Using this solid-liquid phase transition, we propose a novel device which provides a tactile sensation, i.e., tactile bump display. Applying electric field at a specific position in an ERF chamber, the corresponding ERF behaves as solid at the position. This solid-state ERF gives tactile sensation like a physical bump to a user. We fabricate in this study a prototype, which may realize the above-mentioned idea, and characterize it. We obtained the following results by experiments. First, the tactile bump display could make the users recognize their finger position on a flat surface by creating a tactile bump. Second, we confirmed that the tactile bump might significantly improve the accuracy and the precision of touch typing.
Complementary metal-oxide semiconductor-compatible detector materials with enhanced 1550 nm responsivity via Sn-doping of Ge/Si(100) (2011)

Previously developed methods used to grow Ge1−ySny alloys on Si are extended to Sn concentrations in the 1019−1020 cm−3 range. These concentrations are shown to be sufficient to engineer large increases in the responsivity of detectors operating at 1550 nm. The dopant levels of Sn are incorporated at temperatures in the 370–390 °C range, yielding atomically smooth layers devoid of threading defects at high growth rates of 15–30 nm/min. These conditions are far more compatible with complementary metal-oxide semiconductor processing than the high growth and processing temperatures required to achieve the same responsivity via tensile strain in pure Ge on Si. A detailed study of a detector based on a Sn-doped Ge layer with 0.25% (1.1 × 1020 cm−3) Sn range demonstrates the responsivity enhancement and shows much better I-V characteristics than previously fabricated detectors based on Ge1−ySny alloys with y = 0.02.
Contributions of Molecular Properties to Drug Promiscuity (2013)

In contrast to designed polypharmacology that can result in efficient drugs for complex disorders, unintended drug promiscuity has detrimental contribution to side effects and toxicology. Characterization of promiscuous compounds enhances the understanding of complex interaction patterns and aids the design of compounds with broader selectivity against off-targets that has a major impact on medicinal chemistry outcome. In this Miniperspective we provide insights to the effect of physicochemical parameters on promiscuity. Information collected from recent, large-scale in vitro studies enabled us to discuss the relationships between physicochemical properties and promiscuity in detail. In light of these data, lipophilicity and basic character have the highest influence. On the basis of the accumulated knowledge, we propose the extensive use of pre- and postsynthesis metrics, as well as strict control of physicochemical properties during medicinal chemistry optimizations.
Cross-Laminated Timber Plates: Evaluation and Verification of Homogenized Elastic Properties (2006)

Cross-laminated solid wood panels are used in timber structures as load bearing plates and shear panels. Since timber is a relatively soft construction material, the design of such structures is driven by serviceability criteria. Therefore, accurate elastic properties are required. In this paper a fully automated procedure to determine global elastic properties of full-scale cross-laminated wood panels is developed. Experimental modal analysis is used to determine resonance frequencies and mode shapes of rectangular wooden specimens. An analytical model based on Reddy’s higher order plate theory is applied to calculate natural frequencies and mode shapes numerically. Corresponding frequencies are allocated using the modal assurance criterion. All three shear moduli and the two in-plane stiffness moduli are identified successfully by minimizing the difference between measured and estimated resonance frequencies in a total least squares sense. By comparing resonance frequencies and additionally by a static bending experiment, it is shown that the global mechanical behavior of the specimen is accurately described using an orthotropic, homogenized, linear elastic material behavior.
Fullerene concentration dependent bimolecular recombination in organic photovoltaic films (2013)

Organic photovoltaic devices made of a solution processed small molecule and a fullerene show a decrease in short circuit current with decreasing fullerene amounts. Transient absorption experiments show that the rate of bimolecular recombination increases as the system is deprived of fullerene. A simple expression for the bimolecular recombination coefficient derived by accounting for intrinsic carrier generation reproduces the observed behavior.
Multiple object tracking using flow linear programming (2009)

Multi-object tracking can be achieved by detecting objects in individual frames and then linking detections across frames. Such an approach can be made very robust to the occasional detection failure: if an object is not detected in a frame but is in previous and following ones, a correct trajectory will nevertheless be produced. By contrast, a false-positive detection in a few frames will be ignored. However, when dealing with a multiple target problem, the linking step results in a difficult optimization problem in the space of all possible families of trajectories. This is usually dealt with by sampling or greedy search based on variants of dynamic programming, which can easily miss the global optimum. In this paper, we show that reformulating that step as a constrained flow optimization problem results in a convex problem that can be solved using standard linear programming techniques. In addition, this new approach is far simpler formally and algorithmically than existing techniques and yields excellent results on the PETS 2009 data set.
Suppressed Hysteretic Field Emission from Polymer Encapsulated Silver Nanowires (2016)

Suppression of the hysteretic electron emission in one-dimensional nanomaterial-based electron sources remains a critical barrier preventing their wide scale adoption in various vacuum electronics applications. Here, we report on the suppressed hysteretic performance, and its photo-dependence from conformal poly-vinylpyrrolidone encapsulated percolative Ag nanowire-based electron sources.