gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Subclinical Partial Attritional Rupture of the Flexor Digitorum Profundus as an Etiology of Atraumatic Trigger Finger (2017)

We present the rare case of subclinical atraumatic attritional rupture of the FDP tendon to the small finger as a cause of clinically apparent trigger finger. This is an important consideration as the hand surgeon must be prepared to address more atypical pathologies.
Identification of a New Source of Campylobacter Contamination in Poultry: Transmission from Breeder Hens to Broiler Chickens (2002)

Campylobacter jejuni, a foodborne pathogen closely associated with market poultry, is considered to be the most frequent agent of human gastroenteritis in the United States. The pathways involved in the contamination of poultry flocks, vertical transmission and/or horizontal transmission, are unclear. In this study, Campylobacter isolates from two independent commercial broiler breeder flocks, as well as from their respective progeny, were characterized and compared by PstI ribotype analysis and by DNA sequence analysis of the short variable region (SVR) of the flaA gene (flaA SVR). Campylobacter isolates originating from one set of breeder hens and the feces from their respective progeny demonstrated identical ribotype patterns as well as identical flaA SVR DNA sequences, thereby suggesting that these isolates were clonal in origin. Ribotype analysis of Campylobacter isolates from the second set of breeder hens and processed carcasses from their offspring resulted in two patterns. Sequence analysis placed these isolates into two closely related groups and one distant group, similar to the ribotype analysis. These results demonstrate that Campylobacter isolates from commercial broiler breeder flocks and from the respective broiler progeny may be of clonal origin and that breeder hens can serve as a source for Campylobacter contamination in poultry flocks.
The Effect ofCeratonia siliquaSupplement on Bone Mineral Density in Ovariectomy-induced Osteoporosis in Rats (2023)

Long-term administration of C. siliqua may be considered a non-pharmaceutical alternative treatment for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Further research is required to properly investigate the effects, and suitable treatment dose and schedule.
Confinement of surface waves at the air-water interface to control aerosol size and dispersity (2017)

The precise control over the size and dispersity of droplets, produced within aerosols, is of great interest across many manufacturing, food, cosmetic, and medical industries. Amongst these applications, the delivery of new classes of high value drugs to the lungs has recently attracted significant attention from pharmaceutical companies. This is commonly achieved through the mechanical excitation of surface waves at the air liquid interface of a parent liquid volume. Previous studies have established a correlation between the wavelength on the surface of liquid and the final aerosol size. In this work, we show that the droplet size distribution of aerosols can be controlled by constraining the liquid inside micron-sized cavities and coupling surface acoustic waves into different volumes of liquid inside micro-grids. In particular, we show that by reducing the characteristic physical confinement size (i.e., either the initial liquid volume or the cavities’ diameters), higher harmonics of capillary waves are revealed with a consequent reduction of both aerosol mean size and dispersity. In doing so, we provide a new method for the generation and fine control of aerosols’ sizes distribution.
Let's play chinese characters (2010)

In many developing countries such as India and China, low educational levels often hinder economic empowerment. In this paper, we argue that mobile learning games can play an important role in the Chinese literacy acquisition process. We report on the unique challenges in the learning Chinese language, especially its logographic writing system. Based on an analysis of 25 traditional Chinese games currently played by children in China, we present the design and implementation of two culturally inspired mobile group learning games, Multimedia Word and Drumming Strokes. These two mobile games are designed to match Chinese children's understanding of everyday games. An informal evaluation reveals that these two games have the potential to enhance the intuitiveness and engagement of traditional games, and children may improve their knowledge of Chinese characters through group learning activities such as controversy, judgments and self-correction during the game play.
Impedance Spectroscopy of ITO/&#945;-NPD/Alq&gt;inf&lt;3&gt;/inf&lt;/LiF/Al Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (2006)

The electronic property of organic electroluminescent electro-luminescent electro-luminescent devices having a simple bi-layer structure of α-NPD and Alq <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> was investigated by impedance spectroscopy. We observed hole accumulation in the α-NPD layer and estimated hole mobility was 1.4x10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-5</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /Vs.
Suppression of penicillin-induced bacteriolysis of staphylococci by some anticoagulants (1987)

Heparinoids and related negatively-charged substances caused suppression of the penicillin-induced bacteriolysis of staphylococci and a higher viability rate. Furthermore, the penicillin-induced release of cell wall material was reduced by these substances. The main reason for this suppression of bacteriolysis was an inhibition of the activity of cell wall autolytic enzymes while the penicillin-specific perturbations of wall morphogenesis were not affected.
Binding Affinities for Sulfonamide Inhibitors with Human Thrombin Using Monte Carlo Simulations with a Linear Response Method (1997)

The binding of sulfonamide inhibitors to human thrombin is examined to evaluate the viability of calculating free energies of binding, deltaGb, utilizing Monte Carlo (MC) statistical mechanics with a linear response approach. Coulombic and van der Waals energy components determined from MC simulations of the bound and unbound inhibitors solvated in water plus a solvent-accessible surface area term, as an index for cavity formation, were correlated with the free energies of binding for the inhibitor MD-805 and six derivatives. The best correlations yield an average error of 0.8 kcal/mol for the seven binding affinities, which cover an observed range of 6.0 kcal/mol. The MC simulations also provided insights into the interactions occurring in the active site and the origins of variations in deltaGb. Equatorial placement of the carboxylate group at C2 in the piperidine ring of the inhibitors causes electrostatic destabilization with the side chain of Glu-H192, while axial disposition of the C4-methyl group reduces favorable hydrophobic interactions in the P-pocket of the enzyme.
Volume Regulation in Renal Medullary Nephron Segments (2020)

This chapter focuses on the rapid cell volume regulatory responses that are mediated by uptake or loss of inorganic ions in two renal medullary nephron segments, mouse medullary thick ascending limb of Henle and rat inner medullary collecting duct. The maintenance of cell volume is one of the fundamental properties of all animal cells, including renal epithelial cells. Since the mouse medullary ascending limb of Henle will be used as a model epithelium for discussion of volume-regulatory responses in the kidney, it is important to review our current understanding of the membrane transport properties of this nephron segment. The ability of kidney epithelia to transport solutes and water requires that apical and basolateral membranes of these cells form distinct structural and functional domains. Cell shrinkage may occur with a sudden decrease in cell net solute entry or with exposure of cells to an absolute or relative increase in extracellular osmolality.
Robust Predictive Control for NPC Grid-Connected Inverters (2014)

In this paper, the state space model of neutral point clamped three-level grid-connected inverter is detailed derived and an Robust Predictive Control (RPC) method is proposed. In the proposed method, the total 27 switching vectors composed of a finite set from which the optimal switching vector is selected according to a cost function. The robust performance is improved just by increasing switching frequency. Experimental results show that the proposed method has a flexible control purposes and we can optimize the synthesize performance just by adjusting weighting coefficients of cost function. In addition, RPC controller has a robust performance in tracking output reference current and balancing neutral point voltage.
Large Thermoelectric Figure-of-Merits from SiGe Nanowires by Simultaneously Measuring Electrical and Thermal Transport Properties (2012)

The strongly correlated thermoelectric properties have been a major hurdle for high-performance thermoelectric energy conversion. One possible approach to avoid such correlation is to suppress phonon transport by scattering at the surface of confined nanowire structures. However, phonon characteristic lengths are broad in crystalline solids, which makes nanowires insufficient to fully suppress heat transport. Here, we employed Si-Ge alloy as well as nanowire structures to maximize the depletion of heat-carrying phonons. This results in a thermal conductivity as low as ∼1.2 W/m-K at 450 K, showing a large thermoelectric figure-of-merit (ZT) of ∼0.46 compared with those of SiGe bulks and even ZT over 2 at 800 K theoretically. All thermoelectric properties were "simultaneously" measured from the same nanowires to facilitate accurate ZT measurements. The surface-boundary scattering is prominent when the nanowire diameter is over ∼100 nm, whereas alloying plays a more important role in suppressing phonon transport for smaller ones.
JAK2 and myeloproliferative neoplasms (2013)

Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are clonal disorders of the myeloid lineage that clinically present as an excess of cells from one or more terminally differentiated myeloid compartments (Figure 76.1). Although there are a spectrum of MPNs involving all of the different myeloid compartments, the most common MPN are polcythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocytosis (ET), primary myelofibrosis (PMF), and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). CML is characterized by neutrophilia and by the invariant presence of the BCR–ABL fusion tyrosine kinase, and is the subject of detailed discussion elsewhere in this volume. PV clinically presents with increased red blood-cell counts (hemoglobin and hematocrit), with variable involvement of the platelet and white blood-cell lineages. In contrast, patients with ET present with thrombocytosis without increased erythrocytosis. PMF is associated with a leukoerythroblastosis, splenomegaly, extra-medullary hematopoiesis, and systemic symptoms, and on bone-marrow exam PMF patients are found to have reticulin fibrosis. Over time, a subset of PV and ET patients progress myelofibrosis (MF); post-PV/ET MF is not distinguishable clinically or biologically from de novo PMF.
Fatigue Is Associated with Poor Sleep in People with Multiple Sclerosis and Cognitive Impairment (2014)

Background. Fatigue is the most common symptom in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Poor sleep also occurs in this population. Objective. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between fatigue and sleep quality in people with MS and cognitive impairment. Method. This cross-sectional study assessed relationships among fatigue, assessed with the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS) and the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), sleep quality assessed with the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and demographics in 121 people with MS and cognitive impairment. Results. Fatigue was significantly correlated with poor sleep quality (MFIS: F = 15.60, P < 0.01; FSS: F = 12.09, P < 0.01). FSS scores were also significantly correlated with the PSQI subscore for daytime dysfunction and MFIS scores were significantly correlated with disability, age, and the PSQI subscores for sleep quality, sleep duration, and daytime dysfunction. Conclusions. This study demonstrates a relationship between fatigue and sleep quality in individuals with MS and cognitive impairment.
Room Geometry Estimation From A Single Channel Acoustic Impulse Response (2013)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Marrakech, Morocco, 2013
Molecular Design Parameters of Anthraquinone Dyes for Guest–Host Liquid-Crystal Applications: Experimental and Computational Studies of Spectroscopy, Structure, and Stability (2016)

A set of five anthraquinone dyes with bis(4-propylphenyl) substituent groups, connected via sulfide or amine linkages at the 1,5-positions or directly at the 2,6-positions, have been studied in solution by UV–vis spectroscopy and electrochemistry, allied with density functional theory calculations of structures, electronic transitions, and redox potentials. The visible transitions and redox potentials are shown to vary with the HOMO and LUMO energies, with the variation in both color and redox stability between the dyes being attributable principally to variations in the HOMOs located mainly on the substituents and outer anthraquinone rings. The calculated molecular structures and visible transition dipole moments are shown to vary subtly with substituent, giving variations in the molecular aspect ratios, minimum moment of inertia axes, and transition dipole moment vector orientations that can rationalize the alignment trends reported in the literature for such anthraquinone dyes in liquid crystal hosts, showing why 1,5-disulfide and 2,6-diphenyl substituents give better designs than 1,5-diamine substituents. The computational approaches reported here are shown to give good matches with experimental trends, indicating that they may be used more generally to aid the rational molecular design of dyes for applications as guests in liquid crystal hosts.
Computational capabilities of restricted two-layered perceptrons (1994)

We study the extent to which fixing the second-layer weights reduces the capacity and generalization ability of a two-layer perceptron. Architectures with N inputs, K hidden units, and a single output are considered, with both overlapping and nonoverlapping receptive fields. We obtain from simulations one measure of the strength of a network---its critical capacity, ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\alpha}}}_{\mathit{c}}$. Using the ansatz ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\tau}}}_{\mathrm{med}}$\ensuremath{\propto}(${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\alpha}}}_{\mathit{c}}$-\ensuremath{\alpha}${)}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}2}$ to describe the manner in which the median learning time diverges as ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\alpha}}}_{\mathit{c}}$ is approached, we estimate ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\alpha}}}_{\mathit{c}}$ in a manner that does not depend on arbitrary impatience parameters. The chir learning algorithm is used in our simulations. For K=3 and overlapping receptive fields we show that the general machine is equivalent to the committee machine with the same architecture. For K=5 and the same connectivity the general machine is the union of four distinct networks with fixed second layer weights, of which the committee machine is the one with the highest ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\alpha}}}_{\mathit{c}}$. Since the capacity of the union of a finite set of machines equals that of the strongest constituent, the capacity of the general machine with K=5 equals that of the committee machine. We were not able to prove this for general K , but believe that it does hold. We investigated the internal representations used by different machines, and found that high correlations between the hidden units and the output reduce the capacity. Finally we studied the Boolean functions that can be realized by networks with fixed second layer weights. We discovered that two different machines implement two completely distinct sets of Boolean functions.
DHCP Options and BOOTP Vendor Extensions (1993)

The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) [1] provides a framework for passing configuration information to hosts on a TCP/IP network.Configuration parameters and other control information are carried in tagged data items that are stored in the "options" field of the DHCP message.The data items themselves are also called "options."This document specifies the current set of DHCP options.This document will be periodically updated as new options are defined.Each superseding document will include the entire current list of valid options.All of the vendor information extensions defined in RFC 1497 [2] may be used as DHCP options.The definitions given in RFC 1497 are included in this document, which supersedes RFC 1497.All of the DHCP options defined in this document, except for those specific to DHCP as defined in section 9, may be used as BOOTP vendor information extensions.
mRNA structure regulates protein expression through changes in functional half-life (2019)

Summary Messenger RNAs (mRNAs) encode information in both their primary sequence and their higher order structure. The independent contributions of factors like codon usage and secondary structure to regulating protein expression are difficult to establish as they are often highly correlated in endogenous sequences. Here, we used two approaches, global inclusion of modified nucleotides and rational sequence design of exogenously delivered constructs to understand the role of mRNA secondary structure independent from codon usage. Unexpectedly, highly-expressed mRNAs contained a highly-structured coding sequence (CDS). Modified nucleotides that stabilize mRNA secondary structure enabled high expression across a wide-variety of primary sequences. Using a set of eGFP mRNAs that independently altered codon usage and CDS structure, we find that the structure of the CDS regulates protein expression through changes in functional mRNA half-life (i.e. mRNA being actively translated). This work highlights an underappreciated role of mRNA secondary structure in the regulation of mRNA stability. [150 words] Highlights Protein expression from modified mRNAs tends to follow the pattern m 1 Ψ &gt; U &gt;mo 5 U Protein expression correlates with mRNA thermodynamic stability: Ψ≈ m 1 Ψ &gt; U &gt; mo 5 U A highly structured CDS correlates with high expression Increased structured mRNAs extend functional half-life
Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Targeted and Systematic Biopsy for Detection of Grade Progression in Patients on Active Surveillance for Prostate Cancer (2020)

Magnetic resonance imaging-targeted biopsy detected significantly more grade progressions in our active surveillance cohort compared to systematic biopsy at 2 years. Our results provide compelling evidence that prostate magnetic resonance imaging and imaging-targeted biopsy should be included in contemporary active surveillance protocols.
Ordered Network Phases in Linear Poly(isoprene-b-styrene-b-ethylene oxide) Triblock Copolymers (2004)

The equilibrium phase behavior of 43 linear poly(isoprene-b-styrene-b-ethylene oxide) (ISO) triblock copolymer melts, with molecular weights that place these materials near the order−disorder transition, is reported. Ordered phase morphologies were characterized using small-angle X-ray scattering, transmission electron microscopy, dynamic mechanical spectroscopy, and static birefringence measurements. Interpretation of these results was aided by a modeling technique that facilitates resolution of reciprocal and real-space experimental data, leading to definitive three-dimensional morphological structures. Three distinct multiply continuous network morphologies are identified across a range of compositions between 0.1 ≤ fO ≤ 0.3, situated between two-domain and three-domain lamellae, where fO represents the volume fraction of O blocks. Two cubic network phases, Q230 (core−shell double gyroid, Ia3̄d space group symmetry) and Q214 (alternating gyroid, I4132 space group symmetry), flank an orthorhombic network phase, denoted O70 (Fddd space group symmetry), which is positioned around the isopleth composition fS ≈ fI. These results provide a powerful strategy for designing network phases in linear ABC triblock copolymers when χAB ≈ χBC < χAC, where χ represents the Flory−Huggins interaction parameter.
Chromosome localization and gene‐copy‐number quantification of three random integrations in Chinese‐hamster ovary cells and their amplified cell lines using fluorescence in situ hybridization (2001)

We have used fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to localize three random Chinese-hamster ovary (CHO) cell chromosomal integration sites and determine gene copy number in their amplified cell lines. Metaphase FISH showed all three to have integrated into different chromosome positions on different chromosomes. All three Geneticin parent cell lines were found to have single integration sites by Southern-blot analysis, and these data were confirmed using both metaphase and interphase FISH. Following amplification, metaphase FISH showed that amplification in two of the cell lines occurred by duplication in the chromosome arm where the integration occurred. However, for one cell line, amplification resulted in the translocation of amplified genes from one marker chromosome to another. Interphase FISH showed an expected increase in gene copy number upon amplification with methotrexate.
Synthetic 1‐Deoxynojirimycin N‐Substituted Peptides Offer Prolonged Disruption to N‐Linked Glycan Processing (2014)

A panel of 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) N-linked peptides were synthesized. Their IC50 values were measured in vitro against α-glucosidases I and II and were found to be in the micromolar range for both isozymes, and better than that of the iminosugar NB-DNJ (miglustat, 3) against α-glucosidase II. Cell-based studies revealed that although the free iminosugar 3 is most effective at disrupting N-linked glycan processing for short-term incubations (one day), when the cell-based studies were extended to three days, the DNJ N-linked tetrapeptide KDEL, which is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-retaining sequence, performed far better than 3. In low inhibitor washout studies, NB-DNJ inhibition was decreased to zero after 24 h, but DNJ-KDEL retained 13 % activity. This method offers a general approach for targeting drugs to the ER and prolonging their activity. Moreover, it is modular, so as new iminosugars of increased potency are discovered, they can be added to this template for targeting.