gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In vitro differentiation of human monocytes. Differences in monocyte phenotypes induced by cultivation on glass or on collagen. (1982)

We demonstrated that the in vitro differentiation of human peripheral blood monocytes to macrophages is dependent on the environment and conditions of monocyte culture. Cultivation of monocytes on glass or microexudate-coated glass gave rise to cells resembling foreign body granuloma macrophages. After an initial rise in Fc receptor- and C3 receptor-mediated phagocytosis, a progressive loss of Fc receptor expression and C3-mediated ingestion were observed. The monocyte surface antigens recognized by the anti-human monocyte monoclonal antibodies 1D5 and 63D3 were lost from the surface of the majority of cells cultured on glass and microexudates. A subpopulation of Fc receptor-positive cells that were 1D5 and 63D3 positive was retained in fully differentiated cell populations. In comparison, monocytes cultivated on collagen matrices gave rise to highly phagocytic cells resembling human resident tissue macrophages. Both Fc- and C3-mediated phagocytosis were enhanced and remained so during the entire length of culture. The surface antigens recognized by the 1D5 antibody, expressed on all freshly seeded monocytes, was maintained on the macrophages. The antigen recognized by the 63D3 antibody was not expressed on mature cells. The present evidence would indicate that variations in expression of phagocytic receptors and the surface antigens 1D5 and 63D3 can be ascribed to the stage of development of the macrophage or its stage of activation, rather than to independent subsets of mononuclear phagocytes.
Optical measurement of depth and duty cycle for binary diffraction gratings with subwavelength features (2003)

We describe a new and unique method for simultaneous determination of the groove depth and duty cycle of binary diffraction gratings. For a near-normal angle of incidence, the +1 and -1 diffracted orders will behave nearly the same as the duty cycle is varied for a fixed grating depth. The difference in their behavior, quantified as the ratio of their respective diffraction efficiencies, is compared to a look-up table generated by rigorous coupled-wave theory, and the duty cycle of the grating is thus obtained as a function of grating depth. Performing the same analysis for the orthogonal probe-light polarization results in a different functional dependence of the duty cycle on the grating depth. By use of both TE and TM polarizations, the depth and duty cycle for the grating are obtained by the intersection of the functions generated by the individual polarizations. These measurements can also be used to assess qualitatively both the uniformity of the grating and the symmetry of the grating profile. Comparison with scanning electron microscope images shows excellent agreement. This method is advantageous since it can be carried out rapidly, is accurate and repeatable, does not damage the sample, and uses low-cost, commonly available equipment. Since this method consists of only four fixed simple measurements, it is highly suitable for quality control in a manufacturing environment.
Superimposed Pilots Vs. Conventional Pilots for Channel Estimation (2006)

We study two competing pilot symbol based schemes, viz. superimposed pilots (SP) and conventional pilots (CP) for the estimation of a single-input multiple-output (SIMO) wireless channel. We derive expressions for the mean-squared error (MSE) and Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) of estimation of the SIMO channel. It is demonstrated that the asymptotic CRB of SP is 3dB lower than the MSE of the simplistic mean estimator. We propose a semi-blind SP scheme which asymptotically achieves this CRB. In the second part, we quantify the throughput performance of the estimation schemes by developing a framework for the worst case capacity of a channel with correlated symbols and noise. It is observed that while CP outperforms SP in terms of MSE of estimation, SP has an overall advantage over CP in terms of net throughput and is therefore bandwidth efficient. Further, we derive expressions for the optimal source to noise power ratio (SNR) as a function of the pilot to noise power ratio (PNR) in the context of SP.
Study ofZBoson Production in PbPb Collisions atsNN=2.76  TeV (2011)

A search for Z bosons in the μ(+)μ(-) decay channel has been performed in PbPb collisions at √S(NN)=2.76 TeV with the CMS detector at the LHC, in a 7.2 μb(-1) data sample. The number of opposite-sign muon pairs observed in the 60-120 GeV/c(2) invariant mass range is 39, corresponding to a yield per unit of rapidity (y) and per minimum bias event of [33.8±5.5(stat)±4.4(syst)]×10(-8), in the |y|<2.0 range. Rapidity, transverse momentum, and centrality dependencies are also measured. The results agree with next-to-leading order QCD calculations, scaled by the number of incoherent nucleon-nucleon collisions.
Predictive block-matching motion estimation for TV coding. II. Inter-frame prediction (1991)

For pt.I, see ibid., vol.37, no.3, p.97-101 (1991). A predictive block-matching motion estimation scheme was implemented for efficient video code design. The scheme is based on the so-called inertia effect of natural video scenes and takes advantage of the motion vectors obtained in the previous frames. The benefits from this prediction process are threefold. First, the searching area is greatly reduced, and so is the computational complexity. Second, the motion vector overhead information is reduced since motion vectors are decorrelated by the prediction process. Finally, the motion vectors estimated from this procedure are more realistic since it reflects the real physical phenomena. These advantages were also demonstrated by simulation results including the coded data rate, displaced frame difference entropy, motion vectors, and reconstructed signal-to-noise ratio. Only a simple prediction model was implemented; further results in more general autoregressive (AR) modes are still under study.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Avaliando a Capacidade de uma Rede de Terceira Geração UMTS/WCDMA quando Submetida a Tráfego Multimídia (2007)

Submitted by Luciane Selvas (luciane.selvas@ufc.br) on 2013-04-26T14:06:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_eve_pjuca.pdf: 337924 bytes, checksum: 54a805296b591d75edb7f41bd245ab4d (MD5)
An exploratory study on isochoric supercooling preservation of the pig liver (2023)

This study was motivated by the increasing interest in finding ways to preserve organs in a supercooled state for transplantation. Previous research with small volumes suggests that the isochoric (constant volume) thermodynamic state enhances the stability of supercooled solutions. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of storing a large organ, such as the pig liver, in a metastable isochoric supercooled state for clinically relevant durations. To achieve this, we designed a new isochoric technology that employs a system consisting of two domains separated by an interior boundary that can transfer heat and pressure, but not mass. The liver is preserved in one of these domains in a solution with an intracellular composition, which is in osmotic equilibrium with the liver. Pressure is used to monitor the thermodynamic state of the isochoric chamber. In this feasibility study, two pig livers were preserved in the device in an isochoric supercooled state at -2°C. The experiments were terminated voluntarily, one after 24 h and the other after 48 h of supercooling preservation. Pressure measurements indicated that the livers did not freeze during the isochoric supercooling preservation. This is the first proof that organs as large as the pig liver can remain supercooled for extended periods of time in an isotonic solution in an isochoric system, despite an increased probability of ice nucleation with larger volumes. To serve as controls and to test the ability of pressure monitoring to detect freezing in the isochoric chamber, an experiment was designed in which two pig livers were frozen at -2°C for 24 h and the pressure monitored. Histological examination with H&E stains revealed that the supercooled liver maintained a normal appearance, even after 48 h of supercooling, while tissues in livers frozen to -2°C were severely disrupted by freezing after 24 h.
Following an RF trail to its source (2011)

We consider the problem of drawing a mobile platform such as an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) to a radio frequency (RF) source surrounded by local scatterers. The UAV starts from a significant distance (e.g., kilometers) from the source, and uses received signal strength (RSS) measurements along its path to continue to adapt its trajectory. The fundamental bottleneck in using the RSS for this purpose is that large spatial variations in the the RSS due to multipath fading can swamp out the relatively smaller variations due to the change in the distance to the source. We characterize these variations using ray tracing, explicitly modeling the scattering environment around the source. We discover that the rate of spatial variations decreases as the direction of travel becomes more aligned with the line-of-sight (LoS) to the source. Thus, it is possible to get trapped in a very long fade which makes it difficult to gather information regarding distance to the source. We use these insights to devise a multi-phase algorithm which first uses averages of RSS in multiple directions to estimate the "right" direction of travel towards the source, and then uses longer term averages to decide how long to proceed along the chosen direction. The distance traveled by the UAV to get to the source is, on average, about three times longer than the shortest path. While the proposed algorithm is inspired by the motion of bacteria in search of food, it has been significantly optimized to take into account the sensitivity of RSS to direction of travel.
Krüppel-like Factor-6 Promotes Preadipocyte Differentiation through Histone Deacetylase 3-dependent Repression of DLK1 (2005)

Preadipocyte differentiation occurs during distinct periods of human development and is a key determinant of body mass. Transcriptional events underlying adipogenesis continue to emerge, but the link between chromatin remodeling of specific target loci and preadipocyte differentiation remains elusive. We have identified Krüppel-like factor-6 (KLF6), a recently described tumor suppressor gene, as a repressor of the proto-oncogene Delta-like 1 (Dlk1), a gene encoding a transmembrane protein that inhibits adipocyte differentiation. Forced expression of KLF6 strongly inhibits Dlk1 expression in preadipocytes and NIH 3T3 cells in vivo, whereas down-regulation of KLF6 in 3T3-L1 cells by small interfering RNA prevents adipogenesis. Repression of Dlk1 requires HDAC3 deacetylase activity, which is recruited to the endogenous Dlk1 promoter where it interacts with KLF6. Our studies identify the interaction between HDAC3 and KLF6 as a potential mechanism underlying human adipogenesis, and highlight the role of KLF6 as a multifunctional transcriptional regulator capable of mediating adipocyte differentiation through gene repression.
Particle formation during low-pressure chemical vapor deposition from silane and oxygen: Measurement, modeling, and film properties (2002)

Particle generation in thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) processes can lead to the formation of contaminant particles that affect film properties and eventually device performance. This article reports on measurements of particle formation during low-pressure CVD of SiO2 from silane and oxygen. Measurements of aerosol size distributions were made using a particle beam mass spectrometer (PBMS) and were carried out at pressures and temperatures ranging from 0.5 to 2.0 Torr (67–267 Pa) and 200–800 °C, using an O2/SiH4 ratio of 20. We found that within this parameter space, there are three different particle formation regions and a particle-free region. The particle formation regions include an explosion region [200–300 °C, P≳1.0 Torr (∼80 Pa)], an unsteady region [400–600 °C, P≳0.8 Torr (∼107 Pa)], and a steady region [700–800 °C, P≳0.6 Torr (∼67 Pa)]. PBMS size analysis in the steady region shows that the size distributions are bimodal with one mode around 7 nm in diameter and the other around 20 nm, which is in reasonable agreement with transmission electron microscopy measurements. A numerical model was developed to simulate particle nucleation and growth in this system. The model predicts that for a given temperature, there exists a critical pressure above which abundant particle formation occurs and below which particle production is insignificant. The pressures for which particle formation was measured with the PBMS are in good agreement with model predictions, and measured and calculated particle sizes are in reasonable agreement. It is also found that there is a correlation between particle concentration and film surface morphology, dielectric constant, and current–voltage characteristics of the film.
Soft-coupling suspension system for an intradural spinal cord stimulator: Biophysical performance characteristics (2013)

We have characterized the mechanical compliance of an improved version of the suspension system used to position the electrode-bearing membrane of an intradural neuromodulator on the dorsal pial surface of the spinal cord. Over the compression span of 5 mm, it exhibited a restoring force of 2.4 μN μm−1 and a mean pressure of 0.5 mm Hg (=66 Pa) on the surface below it, well within the range of normal intrathecal pressures. We have implanted prototype devices employing this suspension and a novel device fixation technique in a chronic ovine model of spinal cord stimulation and found that it maintains stable contact at the electrode-pia interface without lead fracture, as determined by measurement of the inter-contact impedances.
Iron‐Promoted, Regio‐ and Stereoselective Allylic Substitutions for the Synthesis of Alkenyl Sulfones Substituted at C‐3 (1994)

Almost complete transfer of chirality is observed in the nucleophilic addition of various carbon and nitrogen nucleophiles (Nu) to the highly enantiomerically enriched 1-phenylsulfonyl-substituted (η3-allyl)tetracarbonyliron(1+) tetrafluoroborate with planar chirality (1; de, ee > 98%). Oxidative decomplexation yields alkenyl phenyl sulfones 2 with a range of subtituents at C-3 and high enantiomeric purity (ee ≥ 96%).
Antibodies to a Single, Conserved Epitope in Anopheles APN1 Inhibit Universal Transmission of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax Malaria (2013)

Malaria transmission-blocking vaccines (TBVs) represent a promising approach for the elimination and eradication of this disease. AnAPN1 is a lead TBV candidate that targets a surface antigen on the midgut of the obligate vector of the Plasmodium parasite, the Anopheles mosquito. In this study, we demonstrated that antibodies targeting AnAPN1 block transmission of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax across distantly related anopheline species in countries to which malaria is endemic. Using a biochemical and immunological approach, we determined that the mechanism of action for this phenomenon stems from antibody recognition of a single protective epitope on AnAPN1, which we found to be immunogenic in murine and nonhuman primate models and highly conserved among anophelines. These data indicate that AnAPN1 meets the established target product profile for TBVs and suggest a potential key role for an AnAPN1-based panmalaria TBV in the effort to eradicate malaria.
Production, crystallization and preliminary crystallographic study of the major cat allergen Fel d 1 (2003)

The domestic cat (Felis domesticus) is an important cause of allergic disease worldwide. The major cat allergen 1 (Fel d 1) has been expressed in Escherichia coli, purified and refolded in a soluble form. Crystals of Fel d 1 were obtained in 13% 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol, 0.1 M sodium acetate pH 4.8. The Fel d 1 crystals belong to space group P2(1), with unit-cell parameters a = 43.3, b = 51.5, c = 67.7 A, and diffract to 1.9 A resolution.
Identification and characterization of proteins of unknown function (PUFs) in Clostridium thermocellum DSM 1313 strains as potential genetic engineering targets (2021)

Abstract Background Mass spectrometry-based proteomics can identify and quantify thousands of proteins from individual microbial species, but a significant percentage of these proteins are unannotated and hence classified as proteins of unknown function (PUFs). Due to the difficulty in extracting meaningful metabolic information, PUFs are often overlooked or discarded during data analysis, even though they might be critically important in functional activities, in particular for metabolic engineering research. Results We optimized and employed a pipeline integrating various “guilt-by-association” (GBA) metrics, including differential expression and co-expression analyses of high-throughput mass spectrometry proteome data and phylogenetic coevolution analysis, and sequence homology-based approaches to determine putative functions for PUFs in Clostridium thermocellum . Our various analyses provided putative functional information for over 95% of the PUFs detected by mass spectrometry in a wild-type and/or an engineered strain of C. thermocellum . In particular, we validated a predicted acyltransferase PUF (WP_003519433.1) with functional activity towards 2-phenylethyl alcohol, consistent with our GBA and sequence homology-based predictions. Conclusions This work demonstrates the value of leveraging sequence homology-based annotations with empirical evidence based on the concept of GBA to broadly predict putative functions for PUFs, opening avenues to further interrogation via targeted experiments.
Two-photon interference from disparate quantum sources (2013)

When photons emitted from different sources are indistinguishable they will interfere when brought together on a beam splitter. Using quantum dots and parametric down conversion, we manipulate dissimilar quantum sources to produce mutually indistinguishable photons.
Associations of genetic variants in/near body mass index‐associated genes with type 2 diabetes: a systematic meta‐analysis (2014)

This meta-analysis indicates that several BMI-associated variants are significantly associated with T2D risk. Some variants increase the T2D risk independent of obesity, while others mediate this risk through obesity.
Non-sedating benzodiazepines cause paralysis and tissue damage in the parasitic blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni (2019)

Parasitic flatworm infections (e.g. tapeworms and fluke worms) are treated by a limited number of drugs. In most cases, control is reliant upon praziquantel (PZQ) monotherapy. However, PZQ is ineffective against sexually immature parasites, and there have also been several concerning reports on cestode and trematode infections with poor PZQ cure-rates, emphasizing the need for alternative therapies to treat these infections. We have revisited a series of benzodiazepines given the anti-schistosomal activity of meclonazepam (MCLZ). MCLZ was discovered in the 1970's but was not brought to market due to dose-limiting sedative side effects. However, in the decades since there have been advances in our understanding of the benzodiazepine GABAA receptor sub-types that drive sedation and the development of sub-type selective, non-sedating ligands. Additionally, the sequencing of flatworm genomes reveals that parasitic trematodes and cestodes have lost GABAAR-like ligand gated anion channels, indicating that MCLZ's anti-parasitic target is distinct from the human receptors that drive sedation. Therefore, we have screened a library of classical and non-sedating 1,4-benzodiazepines against Schistosoma mansoni and identified a series of imidazobenzodiazepines that immobilize worms in vitro. One of these hits, Xhe-II-048 also disrupted the parasite tegument, resulting in extensive vacuole formation beneath the apical membrane. The hit compound series identified has a dramatically lower (~1000×) affinity for the human central benzodiazepine binding site and is a promising starting point for the development of novel anti-schistosomal benzodiazepines with minimal host side-effects.
Pulse plating of copper germanide (2013)

Electrodeposition of copper germanide (Cu3Ge) thin films from an alkaline tartrate-complexed electrolyte is described. Current pulsing is shown to enable co-deposition of copper and germanium in the stoichiometric ratio Cu:Ge = 3:1, while providing smooth and compact electrodeposits. The presence of ε-Cu3Ge phase with a monoclinic crystal structure is confirmed by X-ray diffraction of the as-deposited films. After annealing, Cu3Ge films exhibit an electrical resistivity of 45 μΩ cm; a value higher than previously reported resistivity of e-beam evaporated Cu3Ge films (∼10 μΩ cm). The higher electrical resistivity of the electrodeposited Cu3Ge films is attributed to smaller grain size and elevated impurity levels.
Adenosine mediates functional and metabolic suppression of peripheral and tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells (2019)

Our findings unveil A2AR/PKA/mTORC1 as the main Ado signaling pathway impairing the immune competence of peripheral T cells and TILs. Thus, p-CREB and p-S6 may represent useful pharmacodynamic and efficacy biomarkers of immunotherapies targeting Ado. The effect of Ado on T cell metabolic fitness reinforces the importance of the adenosinergic pathway as a target for next-generation immunotherapy.
SYNTHESIS AND CYTOTOXIC EVALUATION OF SOME 2-{4-[(2-OXO-1,2-DIHYDRO-3H-INDOL-3-YLIDENE)METHYL] PHENOXY}-N-PHENYLACETAMIDE. (2017)

A series of 2-oxindole derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for cytotoxic activity against different human and murine cancer cell lines and cancer chemopreventive activity. Among the tested compounds VS-06, 08, 12 and 17 displayed cytotoxic activity in the range of 5.0 to 8.5 pM against human T-lymphocyte cells (CEM). Results showed that molecules with electron withdrawing substituent at 4 position of N-phenylacetamide group exhibited an increase in activity against the human tumor cell line CEM. The cancer chemo- preventive effect of VS-01 (IC₅₀ = 451 nM) displayed equipotent activity in comparison to standard oleanolic acid (IC₅₀ = 449 nM).
Does a quorum sensing mechanism direct the behavior of immune cells? (2013)

Quorum sensing is a decision-making process used by decentralized groups such as colonies of bacteria to trigger a coordinated behavior. The existence of decentralized coordinated behavior has also been suggested in the immune system. In this paper, we explore the possibility for quorum sensing mechanisms in the immune response. Cytokines are good candidates as inducer of quorum sensing effects on migration, proliferation and differentiation of immune cells. The existence of a quorum sensing mechanism should be explored experimentally. It may provide new perspectives into immune responses and could lead to new therapeutic strategies.