gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rapid Onset of Oscillations in a Magnetron with a Transparent Cathode (2005)

Summary form only given. The relativistic magnetron is one of the most powerful sources of microwaves developed to-date. However, its typically slow onset of oscillations limits its use in many promising systems such as, for example, in high resolution radars. The slow start is caused by the small amplitude of the synchronous field near the cathode, which hampers the capturing of electrons into spokes to form the anode current. We propose to increase the E <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">thetas</sub> wave field in the interaction region by removing longitudinal strips from a thin-walled tubular cathode, thus making it transparent to this field. Therefore, instead of a field distribution E <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">thetas</sub> ~ sinh[g(r-r <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> )], we provide a much larger field E <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">thetas </sub> ~ I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sub> (gr) near the cathode with radius r <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> . Here I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sub> is the modified Bessel function of order n, the azimuthal index of the operating wave, and g is the transverse wave number. Simulations using the fully 3D electromagnetic particle-in-cell code MAGIC of an A6 magnetron with solid and transparent cathodes show a marked difference in the time for build-up of oscillations. Moreover, in a magnetron with a transparent cathode the emission centers are automatically located periodically on the cathode perimeter, which also promotes rapid onset of oscillations. This was recently demonstrated in [M.C. Jones et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum., vol. 75, 2976 (2004)] for a magnetron using a solid cathode with nonuniform emission centers. Longitudinal currents along the cathode strips produce azimuthal magnetic fields around them that lead to the azimuthally varying tangential magnetic field. The drift velocity, height of electron cyclotron orbits, and, therefore, the synchronism and efficiency depend on this field. As was shown in [M.C. Jones et al., Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 84, 1016 (2004)], the varying magnetic field also promotes rapid onset of oscillations
Influence of stapler haemorrhoidectomy on anorectal function and on patients acceptance (2002)

Stapling haemorrhoidectomy is a safe procedure which does not alter anorectal functions. Patients' acceptance and satisfaction are high.
Validation of Force Limited Vibration Testing at NASA Langley Research Center (2003)

Vibration tests were performed to develop and validate the forced limited vibration testing capability at the NASA Langley Research Center. The force limited vibration test technique has been utilized at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and other NASA centers to provide more realistic vibration test environments for aerospace flight hardware. In standard random vibration tests, the payload is mounted to a rigid fixture and the interface acceleration is controlled to a specified level based on a conservative estimate of the expected flight environment. In force limited vibration tests, both the acceleration and force are controlled at the mounting interface to compensate for differences between the flexible flight mounting and rigid test fixture. This minimizes the over test at the payload natural frequencies and results in more realistic forces being transmitted at the mounting interface. Force and acceleration response data was provided by NASA Goddard Space Flight Center for a test article that was flown in 1998 on a Black Brant sounding rocket. The measured flight interface acceleration data was used as the reference acceleration spectrum. Using this acceleration spectrum, three analytical methods were used to estimate the force limits. Standard random and force limited vibration tests were performed and the results are compared with the flight data.
Resonant PD signal decoupling circuit for rapidly changing voltages (2011)

A method for electrical detection of partial discharges(PDs) when the voltage is rapidly changing has recentlybeen presented. The method is based on moderatelysharp frequency filters in the PD decoupler, highresolutiondigitizers and time-domain stochasticfiltering. A limitation with high-resolution digitizers istheir lower sample rate. To enable use of fasterdigitizers with less resolution, the filters in the PDdecoupler must be optimized for voltage slew rate andPD magnitude.In this paper, the design of a versatile PD coupler filteris discussed. Although entirely passive, the filtersuppression can be made to change two orders ofmagnitude in half a decade of frequency. Thus, a lowresolutionfast digitizer can be employed with which nsvariations in the PD duration can be studied. The filtercan be optimized by changing a few parameters only.Examples are presented which illustrates the advantagesof this modified PD decoupler on actual measured PDs
Temperature dependence of anisotropic magnetoresistance in antiferromagnetic Sr2IrO4 (2015)

Temperature-dependent magnetotransport properties of the antiferromagnetic semiconductor Sr2IrO4 are investigated with point-contact devices. The point-contact technique allows to probe very small volumes and, therefore, to look for electronic transport on a microscopic scale. Point-contact measurements with single crystals of Sr2IrO4 were intended to see whether the additional local resistance associated with a small contact area between a sharpened Cu tip and the antiferromagnet shows magnetoresistance (MR) such as that seen in bulk crystals. Point-contact measurements at liquid nitrogen temperature revealed large MRs (up to 28%) for modest magnetic fields (250 mT) applied within an IrO2 (ab) plane with angular dependence showing a crossover from four-fold to two-fold symmetry with an increasing magnetic field. Point contact measurement exhibits distinctive anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) in comparison to a bulk experiment, imposing intriguing questions about the mechanism of AMR in this material. Temperature-dependent MR measurements show that the MR falls to zero at the Neel temperature, but the temperature dependence of the MR ratio differs qualitatively from that of the resistivity. This AMR study helps to unveil the entanglement between electronic transport and magnetism in Sr2IrO4 while the observed magnetoresistive phenomena can be potentially used to sense the antiferromagnetic order parameter in spintronic applications.
What Made Receipts Boom and When Will They Go Bust? (1999)

Federal revenues surged in the past three fiscal years, with receipts growing much faster than the economy and nearly all of the growth in the revenue due to individual income tax receipts. The 1994-7 increase in personal income tax liabilities relative to gross domestic product (GDP) resulted from taxable incomes growing faster than GDP and a significant increase in the effective tax rate on taxable income, each accounting for about half of the increase in liabilities relative to GDP. Over the next ten years, offsetting effects from these phenomena should prevent liabilities from growing further as a percent of GDP.
Is T classification still correlated with lymph node status after preoperative chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer? (2006)

Pathologic T classification is still the most reliable predictor of lymph node metastasis in rectal cancer patients who have undergone preoperative CRT. The risk of lymph node metastasis was found to be 3.4% in rectal cancer that had regressed to ypT0 or ypT1.
Heat and Momentum Transfer Studies in High Reynolds Number Wavy Films at Normal and Reduced Gravity Conditions (1996)

We examined the effect of the gas flow on the liquid film when the gas flows in the countercurrent direction in a vertical pipe at normal gravity conditions. The most dramatic effect of the simultaneous flow of gas and liquid in pipes is the greatly increased transport rates of heat, mass, and momentum. In practical situations this enhancement can be a benefit or it can result in serious operational problems. For example, gas-liquid flow always results in substantially higher pressure drop and this is usually undesirable. However, much higher heat transfer coefficients can be expected and this can obviously be of benefit for purposes of design. Unfortunately, designers know so little of the behavior of such two phase systems and as a result these advantages are not utilized. Due to the complexity of the second order boundary model as well as the fact that the pressure variation across the film is small compared to the imposed gas phase pressure, the countercurrent gas flow affect was studied for the standard boundary layer model. A different stream function that can compensate the shear stress affect was developed and this stream function also can predict periodic solutions. The discretized model equations were transformed to a traveling wave coordinate system. A stability analysis of these sets of equations showed the presence of a Hopf bifurcation for certain values of the traveling wave velocity and the shear stress. The Hopf celerity was increased due to the countercurrent shear. For low flow rate the increases of celerity are more than for the high flow rate, which was also observed in experiments. Numerical integration of a traveling wave simplification of the model also predicts the existence of chaotic large amplitude, nonperiodic waves as observed in the experiments. The film thickness was increased by the shear.
Variations of light emission and carrier dynamics around V-defects in InGaN quantum wells (2022)

V-defects play an important role in carrier recombination in polar InGaN quantum wells (QWs). Here we report a study of V-defects in QWs emitting from 410 to 570 nm performed by time-resolved near-field optical spectroscopy. In V-defect regions, the radiative carrier lifetime is longer and the nonradiative - shorted than in defect free regions, showing strong spatial variations of the internal quantum efficiency (IQE). The areas with the low IQE, however, are limited to regions just above the dislocations (~2% of the total sample area) showing that the nonradiative recombination at dislocations is not a major factor determining the IQE.
Electron beam treatment for the removal of 1,4-dioxane in water and wastewater (2022)

Electron beam (e-beam) treatment uses accelerated electrons to form oxidizing and reducing radicals when applied to water without the use of external chemicals. In this study, electron beam treatment was used to degrade 1,4-dioxane in several water matrices. Removal improved in the progressively cleaner water matrices and removals as high as 94% to 99% were observed at a dose of 2.3 kGy in secondary effluent. 1,4-dioxane removal was confirmed to be primarily through hydroxyl radical oxidation. The calculated electrical energy per order was found to be 0.53, 0.26, and 0.08 kWh/m<sup>3</sup>/order for secondary effluent (Avg. total organic carbon (TOC) 9.25 mg/L), granular activated carbon effluent (TOC 3.46 mg/L), and ultrapure water, respectively, with a 70% generation and transfer efficiency applied.
Efficient, formally verifiable data structures using ACL2 single-threaded objects for high-assurance systems (2009)

Classical data structures such as stacks, queues, and double-ended queues (deques) find broad use in security-critical applications. At the highest Evaluation Assurance Level (EAL) of the Common Criteria, such data structures must be formally specified, and proven to meet their specifications. Formal verification systems can readily reason about unbounded, functional data structures. However, such data structures are in the main not appropriate for direct implementation in high-confidence software systems, both because of their unbounded nature, and also due to the complexity of the functional forms (e.g., the use of two lists, one reversed, to implement a deque). We will show how a formally verified data structure specified using the ACL2 single-threaded object facility can be much more readily translated into highassurance implementations expressed in conventional programming languages. Finally, we show how this translated data structure code can be compiled into efficient machine code for a common embedded microprocessor using a verified compiler, and executed on an EAL6+ verified operating system.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Protected α‐Methoxyglycine and Its Incorporation into Peptide Synthesis. (1990)

Abstract The protected glycine (I) is chlorinated to give the N‐chloro derivative (II) which is substituted to produce the α‐methoxyglycinate (IV).
Nonaqueous Ionic Liquids (ILs, NAILs) (2005)

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Detection of Explosive Mixtures in the Ullage of Aircraft Fuel Tanks (2004)

Sensors for detecting explosive mixtures in the ullage of aircraft fuel tanks along with inerting systems are of paramount importance for preventing fires and explosions during ground and flight operations of both commercial and military aircraft. A diode laser-based oxygen sensing system is designed and tested to assess its ruggedness and performance in simulated flight conditions and fuel tank environment. This sensor system incorporates recent innovations in microelectronics such as digital signal processors, new vertical surface cavity lasers, high sensitivity absorption spectroscopy, and mechanisms for preventing liquid interferences on optical surfaces. Metal foams and sintered metals of different porosities were tested and found to prevent liquid interferences as a result of liquid sloshing/splashing and immersion without compromising the sensor’s time response. Liquid droplets on optical surfaces can interfere with the sensor’s performance. Gravity-driven flow on surfaces can remove most of the liquid. Kerosene fuel tends to form a thin liquid film on optical surfaces. The sensor’s performance was not adversely affected by this thin film. However, coatings and motions encountered during flight could further enhance the removal of liquid off optical surfaces.
In Vitro Methods to Characterize the Effects of Tobacco and Nontobacco Products on Human Platelet Function (2018)

In this document, we describe methods for the isolation, treatment, and functional testing of human blood platelets in vitro. Functional assays for inflammatory function include flow cytometry and immunoassays for platelet release of platelet factor 4, soluble CD40L, prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub> , and thromboxane. Assays for platelet hemostatic function described here examine platelet spreading, aggregation using platelet-rich plasma, and thromboelastography. Also described here are methods for testing cigarette smoke on primary human platelets in vitro, which our lab developed to address a major knowledge gap regarding how cigarette smoke dysregulates platelets and how this platelet dysregulation contributes to cardiovascular disease. Some of these protocols may be repurposed for investigation of the toxicity potential of other tobacco products and environmental insults. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
MeshMon (2009)

Monitoring and troubleshooting a large wireless mesh network presents several challenges. Diagnosis of problems related to wireless access in these networks requires a comprehensive set of metrics and network monitoring data. Collection and offloading of a large amount of data is infeasible in a bandwidth constrained mesh network. Additionally, the processing required to analyze data from the entire network restricts the scalability of the system and impacts the ability to perform real-time fault diagnosis. To this end, we propose MeshMon, a network monitoring framework that includes a multi-tiered method of data collection. MeshMon dynamically controls the granularity of data collection based on observed events in the network, thereby achieving significant bandwidth savings and enabling real-time automated management. Our evaluation of MeshMon on a real testbed shows that we can diagnose a majority (87%) of network faults with a 66% savings in bandwidth required for network monitoring.
Individual Sweet Taste Perception Influences Salivary Characteristics After Orosensory Stimulation With Sucrose and Noncaloric Sweeteners (2022)

Emerging evidence points to a major role of salivary flow and viscoelastic properties in taste perception and mouthfeel. It has been proposed that sweet-tasting compounds influence salivary characteristics. However, whether perceived differences in the sensory properties of structurally diverse sweet-tasting compounds contribute to salivary flow and saliva viscoelasticity as part of mouthfeel and overall sweet taste perception remains to be clarified. In this study, we hypothesized that the sensory diversity of sweeteners would differentially change salivary characteristics in response to oral sweet taste stimulation. Therefore, we investigated salivary flow and saliva viscoelasticity from 21 healthy test subjects after orosensory stimulation with sucrose, rebaudioside M (RebM), sucralose, and neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC) in a crossover design and considered the basal level of selected influencing factors, including the basal oral microbiome. All test compounds enhanced the salivary flow rate by up to 1.51 ± 0.12 g/min for RebM compared to 1.10 ± 0.09 g/min for water within the 1st min after stimulation. The increase in flow rate was moderately correlated with the individually perceived sweet taste (<i>r</i> = 0.3, <i>p</i> < 0.01) but did not differ between the test compounds. The complex viscosity of saliva was not affected by the test compounds, but the analysis of covariance showed that it was associated (<i>p</i> < 0.05) with mucin 5B (Muc5B) concentration. The oral microbiome was of typical composition and diversity but was strongly individual-dependent (permutational analysis of variance (PERMANOVA): <i>R</i> <sup>2</sup> = 0.76, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and was not associated with changes in salivary characteristics. In conclusion, this study indicates an impact of individual sweet taste impressions on the flow rate without measurable changes in the complex viscosity of saliva, which may contribute to the overall taste perception and mouthfeel of sweet-tasting compounds.
Capacity building permitting comprehensive monitoring of a severe case of Lassa hemorrhagic fever in Sierra Leone with a positive outcome: Case Report (2011)

Lassa fever is a neglected tropical disease with a significant impact on the health care system of endemic West African nations. To date, case reports of Lassa fever have focused on laboratory characterisation of serological, biochemical and molecular aspects of the disease imported by infected individuals from Western Africa to the United States, Canada, Europe, Japan and Israel. Our report presents the first comprehensive real time diagnosis and characterization of a severe, hemorrhagic Lassa fever case in a Sierra Leonean individual admitted to the Kenema Government Hospital Lassa Fever Ward. Fever, malaise, unresponsiveness to anti-malarial and antibiotic drugs, followed by worsening symptoms and onset of haemorrhaging prompted medical officials to suspect Lassa fever. A recombinant Lassa virus protein based diagnostic was employed in diagnosing Lassa fever upon admission. This patient experienced a severe case of Lassa hemorrhagic fever with dysregulation of overall homeostasis, significant liver and renal system involvement, the interplay of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines during the course of hospitalization and an eventual successful outcome. These studies provide new insights into the pathophysiology and management of this viral illness and outline the improved infrastructure, research and real-time diagnostic capabilities within LASV endemic areas.
PLEAD 2013 (2013)

What is the role of the internet in politics general and during campaigns in particular? And what is the role of large amounts of user data in all of this?
Investigation of the hazards of substrate current injection: transient external latchup and substrate noise coupling (2011)

Substrate current injection is the origin of external latchup and substrate noise coupling. The trigger current for external latchup depends on the duration of the trigger event. A physics-based model is provided to model the effects of aggressor to victim spacing and orientation on transient triggering of external latchup. The latchup susceptibility of standard cell based designs is also investigated. Guard rings are used to reduce latchup susceptibility and to reduce the substrate noise coupled to sensitive analog circuits. In this work, the effectiveness of different guard ring topologies for the reduction of substrate noise coupling is also investigated.
Automatic complete high-precision optical 3D measurement of air cooling-holes of gas turbine vanes for repair (2015)

High-resolution contactless optical 3D measurements are well suited for determination of state and position of gas turbine vane cooling-holes during maintenance rework. The air flow through the cooling-holes protects the turbine vanes from the high temperatures. However, the coating needs to be renewed during repair of the vanes. The renewal process can lead to partially or completely filled cooling-holes. This paper describes a newly developed procedure to automatically detect and reopen such holes by laser-drilling for an effective new repair process. The turbine vane is scanned by a fringe projection based optical 3D scanner. The resulting 3D pointcloud delivers plenty of detail to automatically detect the cooling-holes. Poorly detected or undetected cooling-holes are interpolated from properly detected neighboring cooling-holes and reference default cooling-holes. For the resulting laser-drilling process the precise orientation in the vane mount must be known. To this end, position and orientation of the scanned vane in relation to the reference vane is determined. To validate the approach, numerous experiments regarding the cooling-hole extraction-performance were satisfactorily conducted. Real drilling experiments confirmed those findings and were used to validate the entire process.
Supplementary Figure 3 from The Polycomb Gene Product BMI1 Contributes to the Maintenance of Tumor-Initiating Side Population Cells in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2023)

Supplementary Figure 3 from The Polycomb Gene Product BMI1 Contributes to the Maintenance of Tumor-Initiating Side Population Cells in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Memory system architecture for the data centric computing (2016)

Abstract This paper overviews the NAND flash memory and storage class memory such as resistive random access memory (ReRAM), spin-transfer torque magnetoresistive random access memory (STT-MRAM), and parameter random access memory (PRAM) hybrid memory system for the big-data applications. In the conventional processing-centric computing such as personal computers (PCs) and high performance computing (HPC) servers, the data amount was restricted and the key technological issue was to enhance the processing capabilities by increasing the clock frequency of central processing units (CPUs) and increasing the parallelism with multi/many cores. On the other hand, in the big data applications such as online transaction processing (OLTP) and online analytical processing (OLAP), 3V (volume, variety, and velocity) data must be handled. Thus, the key challenge is to reduce the cost of moving data through the deep memory hierarchy from the storage through the main memory to the CPU and eventually to resolve the Von Neumann bottleneck. To resolve the Von Neumann bottleneck and realize a high-speed, low cost, low power storage, this paper overviews the hybrid memory system especially emphasizing the storage class memory in such a data-centric computing architecture.