gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Circuit and volume conductor models of transcutaneous electrical stimulation (2013)

Electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves is a widespread technique for the treatment of neurological diseases and disorders. However, peripheral stimulation typically requires surgical implantation of an electrode and a pulse generator. Transcutaneous stimulation with an external electrode and pulse generator could provide a noninvasive alternative for nerve stimulation. In this study we implemented a lumped parameter electrical circuit and a distributed parameter volume conductor model to quantify the distribution of potentials in the tissue, including frequency-dependent dielectric properties, during transcutaneous electrical stimulation with a very high frequency sinusoidal carrier and rectangular envelope pulse. The circuit model exhibited a highpass behavior with a corner frequency around 100 kHz, whereas the volume conductor model revealed maximum penetration of the potential for high frequency signals. Taken together, these results suggest that incorporating high frequency components in voltage-controlled transcutaneous stimulation may make it possible to reach deeper structures in the tissue, such as nerves.
Antimalarial Cyclic Peroxy Ketals (1998)

Over 20 new, cyclic, peroxy ketals have been prepared via a two-step protocol starting with readily available aryl methyl ketones. Structure-activity correlations using in vitro antimalarial data as a guide for optimization of potency have led to the design and synthesis of seven new peroxides that have IC50 values of 31-85 nM (artemisinin IC50 = 8.4 nM). Some SAR generalizations are discussed.
Recent Advances in Lignan OMT Studies (2019)

リグナンは代表的なフェニルプロパノイド系二次代謝産物である。リグナンの化学構造は多様であり，取分け芳香核のメトキシ基の置換様式の多様性が代謝最終産物の構造多様性賦与に大きく効いている。我々はリグナンのフェノール性ヒドロキシ基のO-メチル化を触媒する，いわゆるリグナンO-メチル基転移酵素（OMT）をコードする 遺伝子（cDNA）を従来6種取得してきた。さらに，近年Podophyllum hexandrumから2種のリグナンOMT遺伝子の取得が報告された。これらのリグナンOMTのアミノ酸配列は多様であり，また反応の基質特異性や位置選択性において多様であることから，リグナンOMTは個々の植物種において収斂進化的に進化してきたことが推定される。このことは，今後，有用生理活性リグナンの合成生物学的生産を含め，より詳細なリグニン生合成研究を進めるにあたり，一つの指針を提供すると考えられる。
Anomaly in the Stability Limit of LiquidH3e (2001)

We propose that the liquid-gas spinodal line of 3He reaches a minimum at 0.4 K. This feature is supported by our cavitation measurements. We also show that it is consistent with extrapolations of sound-velocity measurements. Speedy [J. Phys. Chem. 86, 3002 (1982)] previously proposed this peculiar behavior for the spinodal of water and related it to a change in sign of the expansion coefficient alpha, i.e., a line of density maxima. 3He exhibits such a line at positive pressure. We consider its extrapolation to negative pressure. Our discussion raises fundamental questions about the sign of alpha in a Fermi liquid along its spinodal.
HIFU Monitoring and control With dual-mode ultrasound arrays (2013)

University of Minnesota Ph.D. dissertation. November 2013. Major: Biomedical Engineering. Advisor: Emad S. Ebbini. 1 computer file (PDF); xiii, 259 pages, appendix A.
Theoretical effectiveness of energy storage and return prosthetic devices in trans-tibial amputees (2003)

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the theoretical effectiveness of energy storage and return (ESR) devices in trans-tibial prosthetic devices. A mathematical model of an ESR prosthesis is used to evaluate the effect of ESR components on force transmission through the prosthesis. Results suggest that force transmission is more sensitive to stiffness than to the prosthesis damping components.
Facilitatory effects of selective agonists for tachykinin receptors on cholinergic neurotransmission: evidence for species differences (1994)

1. Exogenous tachykinins modulate cholinergic neurotransmission in rabbit and guinea-pig airways. We have investigated the effect of selective tachykinin receptor agonists and antagonists on cholinergic neurotransmission evoked by electrical field stimulation (EFS) of bronchial rings in rabbit, guinea-pig and human airways in vitro to assess which type of tachykinin receptor is mediating this facilitatory effect. 2. Bronchial rings were set up for isometric tension recording. Contractile responses to EFS (60 V, 0.4 ms, 2 Hz for 10 s every min) and exogenous acetylcholine (ACh) were obtained and the effects of selective tachykinin agonists and antagonists were investigated. 3. In rabbit bronchi the endogenous tachykinins, substance P (SP) and neurokinin A (NKA) (10 nM) potentiated cholinergic responses to EFS (by 287.6 +/- 121%, P < 0.01 and 181.4 +/- 56.5%, P < 0.001 respectively). 4. The NK1 receptor selective agonist, [Sar9]SP sulphone (10 nM) evoked a maximal facilitatory action on cholinergic responses of 334.9 +/- 63% (P < 0.01) (pD2 = 8.5 +/- 0.06) an effect which was blocked by the selective NK1-receptor antagonist, CP 96,345 (100 nM) (P < 0.05) but not by the NK2 receptor antagonist, MEN 10,376 (100 nM). The NK2 receptor selective agonist, [beta Ala8]NKA(4-10) (10 nM), produced a maximum enhancement of 278 +/- 83.5% (P < 0.01) (pD2 = 8.7 +/- 0.1) an effect which was blocked by MEN 10,376 (100 nM) (P < 0.05) and not by CP 96,345. [MePhe7]NKB, an NK3 receptor selective agonist was without effect. 5. The rank order of potency of NK2 receptor antagonists against enhancement of cholinergic responses by [Beta Ala8]NKA(4-10) was MEN 10,376> L 659,877> R 396. This pattern together with the observation of the full agonist activity of MDL 28,564 indicates that the NK2 receptors in the rabbit bronchus are similar to those which are present in the rabbit pulmonary artery.6. Neither [Sar9]SP sulphone (5 nM) nor [Beta Ala8]NKA(4- 10) (1 nM) had any effect on contractile responses to ACh (10 MicroM) suggesting a pre-junctional mechanism of action.7. By contrast, in guinea-pig bronchi only the NK1-receptor agonist [Sar9]SP sulphone (3 nM) was effective in enhancing cholinergic neurotransmission but the effect was relatively small (maximal enhancement 25.7 +/- 5.5%, P<0.01). In human bronchial rings all the selective neurokinin agonists were without effect on cholinergic neurotransmission.8. These results suggest that tachykinins may play an important role in modulating cholinergic neurotransmission in rabbit (via NK1 and NK2 receptors) and guinea-pig airways (via NK1 receptor) but have no demonstrable effect on human airways
Assembly of the presenilin γ‐/ε‐secretase complex (2011)

The presenilin complex is composed of four core proteins (presenilin 1 or presenilin 2, APH1, nicastrin, and PEN2). Several endogenous proteins have been reported to selectively modulate the function of the presenilin complexes; these include transmembrane trafficking protein, 21-KD (TMP21), CD147 antigen (basigin), the γ-secretase-activating protein (gSAP), and the orphan G-protein-coupled receptor 3. Because the structure and assembly of these complexes underlies their activity, this review will discuss current work on the assembly of the complex and on presenilin-interacting proteins that regulate secretase activity.
Microstructures of $\varepsilon - \mathrm{Ga}_{2}\mathrm{O}_{3}$ thin film on (100) TiO2 substrate by mist chemical vapor deposition (2019)

Orthorhombic ε-Ga2O3 film was grown on (100) TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> substrate by mist CVD. XRD and TEM revealed that the thin film was a two-layer structure of ε- Ga2O3 and β- Ga2O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> layers. Epitaxial orientation relationships were identified as (001) ε- Ga2O3 [010]||(1-30)β-Ga2O3[132]|| (100) TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> [001] by SAED analysis.
Computer assisted multiplex sequencing. Progress report, August 1, 1991--July 31, 1992 (1992)

The objectives of this project are automation and optimization of multiplex sequencing. This year we have integrated direct transfer electrophoresis, automated multiplex hybridizations and automated film reading and applied this toward sequencing of three contiguous E. coli cosmids. Primers for the directed dideoxy sequence walking and sequence confirmation steps were synthesized with a 15 base tag complimentary to an alkaline phosphatase conjugate. A higher throughput synthesis device is well along in testing as are new automated hybridization devices. We have developed software for automatically annotating ORFs and databases of precise termini of proteis and RNA.
Correction to "Multidimensional conduction-band engineering for maximizing the continuous-wave (CW) wallplug efficiencies of mid-infrared quantum cascade lasers'' [Jul/Aug 13 article no. 1200312] (2013)

There are two errors on page 3 in the above-named article (ibid., vol. 19, no. 4, article no. 1200312, Jul.-Aug. 2013, pp. 1-12). Equation (6) and the line preceding it "Then, the maximum CW wallplug efficiency, at a heatsink temperature of 300 K, can be expressed as" are both corrected by the authors.
Methods and apparatus for managing corrosion in buildings (2023)

Principles of the invention provide methods and apparatus for providing corrosion management in buildings. In one aspect, an exemplary method includes the step of receiving first data relating corrosion rate to a plurality of environmental conditions. This first data is subsequently utilized to determine a quantitative relationship between corrosion rate and the plurality of environmental conditions. In another step, second data indicative of one or more environmental conditions within a building is received. A corrosion rate in the building is then determined at least in part by applying the determined quantitative relationship to this second data.
Supplementary Table 1 to 4 from p53–Pirh2 Complex Promotes Twist1 Degradation and Inhibits EMT (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Tables&lt;/p&gt;
Molecular Fountain: A Robustness Enhancement Framework for Diffusive Molecular Communication (2017)

Molecule loss is a critical reliability issue in diffusive molecular communications. This paper proposes a communica- tion framework that allows biologically-enabled machines (bio- nanomachines) to transmit and receive information-carrying molecules (information molecules) in a robust manner against molecule losses. The proposed framework, called molecular fountain, employs deoxyribonucleic-acid (DNA) molecules as information carriers and leverages molecular fragmentation (i.e., packetization) between transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx) bio-nanomachines. It performs feedback-aided rateless erasure coding that considers biochemical constraints in DNA synthesis and sequencing to generate molecular packets. The Tx bio- nanomachine repeatedly generates molecular packets with Luby transform codes and transmits them to the Rx bio- nanomachine until it receives an acknowledgment from the Rx bio-nanomachine. The Rx bio-nanomachine can reconstruct lost molecular packets from other packets that have been successfully transmitted. Simulation results show that molecular fountain enhances robustness against molecular packet losses and in turn improves communication performance such as transmission latency, jitter, error rate, and coding overhead.
In-line Fiber Fabry-Perot Interferometer With High-Reflectance Internal Mirrors (1992)

Operation of fiber Fabry-Perot interferometer (FFPI) temperature sensors from -200°C to +1050°C has been demonstrated [1]. These sensors used internal mirrors produced by a fusion splicing technique. Internal-mirror FFPIs have been embedded in graphite-epoxy composites and polymers, where they were used to sense temperature [2] and ultrasonic pressure [3].
Context-sensitive cut, copy, and paste (2008)

Creating and editing source code are tedious and error-prone processes. One important source of errors in editing programs is the failure to correctly adapt a block of copied code to a new context. This occurs because several dependencies to the surrounding code usually need to be adapted for the new context and it is easy to forget one of them. Conversely, this also makes such errors hard to find.This paper presents a new method for identifying some common types of errors in cut, copy and paste operations. The method analyzes the context of the original block of code and tries to match it with the context in the new location. It utilizes a simple, pattern-based model of context, which we found to be well suited to the analysis of relocated blocks of text. Furthermore, we discuss the ability of our technique to detect semantic errors. While semantic errors are relatively difficult to recognize in a static document, our new technique can infer important information from the original context to detect some semantic mismatches. Finally, we present a proof-of-concept implementation and discuss our simple user interface for context-sensitive cut, copy and paste.
Speech enhancement by online non-negative spectrogram decomposition in nonstationary noise environments (2012)

Classical single-channel speech enhancement algorithms have two convenient properties: they require pre-learning the noise model but not the speech model, and they work online. However, they often have difficulties in dealing with non-stationary noise sources. Source separation algorithms based on nonnegative spectrogram decompositions are capable of dealing with non-stationary noise, but do not possess the aforementioned properties. In this paper we present a novel algorithm that combines the advantages of both classical algorithms and non-negative spectrogram decomposition algorithms. Experiments show that it significantly outperforms four categories of classical algorithms in non-stationary noise environments.
A variational EM algorithm for learning eigenvoice parameters in mixed signals (2009)

We derive an efficient learning algorithm for model-based source separation for use on single channel speech mixtures where the precise source characteristics are not known a priori. The sources are modeled using factor-analyzed hidden Markov models (HMM) where source specific characteristics are captured by an ldquoeigenvoicerdquo speaker subspace model. The proposed algorithm is able to learn adaptation parameters for two speech sources when only a mixture of signals is observed. We evaluate the algorithm on the 2006 speech separation challenge data set and show that it is significantly faster than our earlier system at a small cost in terms of performance.
Blood pressure changes with age in two ethnic groups in Fiji. (1989)

Blood pressure was studied in urban and rural samples of the Melanesian and Indian populations of Fiji during a National Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes Survey in 1980. Mean blood pressures rose with age and tended to be higher in urban than in rural populations, particularly in the middle age range. There was no clear or significant difference between the ethnic groups. When the prevalence of hypertension was studied (using WHO criteria) similar age, geographic and ethnic differences were found. Comparisons with data from 1960 revealed no significant change in mean blood pressures during the 20-year interval. Rural populations were leaner and appeared to consume less salt than did urban groups. There were positive and significant correlations between blood pressure and triceps skinfold thickness in most subgroups.
Generation of duck hepatitis B virus polymerase mutants through site-directed mutagenesis which demonstrate resistance to lamivudine [(--)-beta-L-2', 3'-dideoxy-3'-thiacytidine] in vitro (1996)

Hepatitis B virus replication is very sensitive to lamivudine. A single amino acid change in human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase is responsible for high-level resistance to this compound. Duck hepatitis B virus mutants were created bearing the analogous amino acid change in the duck hepatitis B virus polymerase. Viral DNA production was reduced 92% for the wild-type virus at 2 micrograms of lamivudine per ml, while the mutants required 40 micrograms of lamivudine per ml to inhibit replication by greater than 80%.
Synthesis of the Simple Peptide Model Ac-Abu(PO3H2)-NHMe (1992)

The simple model substrate AC-L-Abu(PO3H2)- NHMe was prepared by the use of the protected 4( diethylphosphono ) butanoic acid derivative Boc -Abu(PO3Et2)-OH in the Boc mode of solution phase peptide synthesis. The protected peptide model Ac-Abu(P03Et2)- NHMe was prepared by initial reaction of the isobutoxycarbonyl mixed anhydride of Boc-Abu(PO3Et2)-OH with N -methylamine followed by cleavage of the Boc group from Boc -Abu(PO3Et2)- NHMe with 4 M HCl/dioxan and N- acetylation of H-Abu(PO3Et2)-NHMe.HCl with the isobutoxycarbonyl mixed anhydride of acetic acid. Cleavage of the phosphonate ethyl groups was effected with 33% hydrogen bromidelacetic acid or 10% bromotrimethylsilane/acetonitrile to give AC-L-Abu(PO3H2)-NHMe in near-quantitative yield.
Orientation and Position Control of Self-Assembled Polymer Pattern for Bit-Patterned Media (2014)

Directed self-assembly (DSA) is expected to be a solution for the fabrication process of high-density bit-patterned media. A DSA pattern of polystyrene-b-polydimethylsiloxane diblock copolymer with 20 nm pitch was fabricated on a 2.5 in disk substrate using a postguide. Uniformity of the dot alignment as well as dot-pitch fluctuation and linearity of pseudodot tracks are estimated using image analyses of SEM photographs. Uniformity along the circumferential direction was confirmed. All the SEM images at eight different angles at r=29.4 mm showed single domain. Pitch distribution and linearity error were estimated to be 14% and 7.8%, respectively. Uniformity along the radius direction was estimated with the moiré method. The single-domain region is expected to be 5 mm in width. Margin of the postguide pitch for the single-domain formation is revealed to be more than 15% of the self-assembled dot pitch.
Supplementary note from RIP1–HAT1–SIRT Complex Identification and Targeting in Treatment and Prevention of Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;supplementary chemistry&lt;/p&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: Extension of the Tandem Pauson—Khand Reaction to [5.6.6.5]Tetracycles: A Unique Entry into cis‐Fused Decalins. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
<title>Comparison of liquid- and vapor-phase silylation processes for 193-nm positive-tone lithography</title> (1993)

Liquid- and vapor-phase silylation processes are compared for a 193 nm positive-tone lithographic process using polyvinylphenol as a resist. The liquid-phase process, using a mixture of xylene, hexamethylcyclotrisilazane, and propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, was found to have higher silylation contrast, better sensitivity, and a smaller proximity effect (a decrease in silylation depth for smaller feature sizes). These factors result in a larger exposure latitude, particularly at feature sizes below 0.5 micrometers . These advantages are greatly offset, however, by the increased chemical costs, which are estimated to be more than 100 times greater than for the vapor-phase process.
Purification and characterization of proteolytic fragments of lipocortin I that inhibit phospholipase A2. (1987)

Human lipocortin I is a 38.5-kDa phospholipase A2 inhibitor that has been produced in Escherichia coli in large quantities by recombinant DNA technology (Wallner, B.P., Mattaliano, R.J., Hession, C., Cate, R. L., Tizard, R., Sinclair, L.K., Foeller, C., Chow, E.P., Browning, J.L., Ramachandran, K.L., and Pepinsky, R.B. (1986) Nature 320, 77-80). To localize the region within the protein responsible for its inhibitory activity, we generated a series of fragments of the recombinant product by limited proteolysis with elastase and characterized their structure by sequencing and peptide mapping. Five active fragments have been analyzed in detail. The smallest is an 18-kDa fragment derived from the amino-terminal half of lipocortin. Three of the larger fragments contain this region. The fifth fragment is missing 83 amino acids from the amino terminus. A region common to all the active fragments (amino acid residues 97-178) is 70% homologous with the corresponding region from a second member of the lipocortin family which recently was cloned (Huang, K-S., Wallner, B.P., Mattaliano, R.J., Tizard, R., Burne, C., Frey, A., Hession, C., McGray, P., Sinclair, L.K., Chow, E.P., Browning, J.L., Ramachandran, K.L., Tang, J., Smart, J.E., and Pepinsky, R.B. (1986) Cell 46, 191-199) and thus presumably is important for activity. In addition to inhibitory fragments, we have isolated a 3-kDa proteolytic fragment from the amino terminus of lipocortin I that contains the known phosphorylation site for protein-tyrosine kinases. Because of sequence homology of the 3-kDa fragment with biologically active synthetic peptides from pp60v-src and middle T antigen, its release by proteases may represent an important part of the activity of lipocortin.
Synthesis of .beta.-amino-.alpha.-hydroxy acids via aldol condensation of a chiral glycolate enolate. A synthesis of (-)-bestatin (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of .beta.-amino-.alpha.-hydroxy acids via aldol condensation of a chiral glycolate enolate. A synthesis of (-)-bestatinWilliam H. Pearson and Jennifer V. HinesCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 17, 4235–4237Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00278a050https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00278a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views599Altmetric-Citations65LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Ultrasound-based noninvasive shear elasticity probe for soft tissues (2002)

An ultrasonic technique for measuring the viscoelastic properties of soft tissues is presented. This technique uses a transducer set up on a vibrator as a source of high frequency waves (ultrasound) and low frequency waves (shear wave) at the same time. Ultrasound (5 MHz) allows one to detect the displacements induced by the shear waves (200 Hz) inside soft biological tissues. These shear waves reveal pieces of information about the shear elasticity and the shear viscosity. Two kinds of media are investigated: agar-gelatin phantoms and in-vivo human biceps.
Perception of Nano Generalized t # -Closed Sets (2018)

In this paper, we introduce a new class of sets called nt# g -closed sets, which is stronger than ng-closed sets and weaker than n-closed sets