gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stroboscopic Imaging of Acoustic Waves in Nanostructures using Tabletop High Harmonics (2017)

We report the first dynamic (i.e. stroboscopic), full field, tabletop extreme ultraviolet microscope. This new capability allows us to image longitudinal and transverse acoustic waves in laser-excited Nickel nano-grating on Silicon substrates.
Cardiac Stem Cells: Biology and Clinical Applications (2014)

Further investigations of CSC biology may be translated into highly effective and novel therapeutic strategies aiming at the enhancement of the endogenous healing capacity of the diseased heart.
Ultrafast Dynamics of Individual, Isolated Nanoparticles and Nanoplasmas in Intense Laser Fields (2014)

We combine an aerodynamic lens with a velocity-map-imaging spectrometer to make the first measurements of shock wave generation and ultrafast dynamics in individual nanoplasmas, confirming a decade of theoretical predictions.
Polarization-heterodyne measurement of Kerr coefficient in optical fibers (2000)

Summary form only given. Several measurement methods of nonlinear optical Kerr coefficient n/sub 2/ in optical fibers have recently been proposed, bringing into evidence the different contributions of the electronic and electrostrictive parts, respectively n/sub 2k/ and n/sub 2e/, where electrostriction plays an important role at optical modulation frequency lower than 1.5 GHz, and is intrinsically isotropic. We present a novel polarimetric technique based on cross-phase modulation (XPM), the high sensitivity of which permits the characterization of even short fiber samples and the consequent direct extraction of the n/sub 2K/ coefficient.
Development of a High-Speed Ultraviolet Spectrometer for Remote Sensing of Mobile Source Nitric Oxide Emissions (1999)

The University of Denver (DU) has developed a new remote sensor for the measurement of mobile source nitric oxide (NO). This system is integrated with an existing infrared remote sensor and is capable of measuring carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons in addition to NO, at a rate of more than 1000 vehicles/hr. The detection limit on a low-emitting vehicle under typical measurement conditions is 24 parts per million NO (3σ). Measurements from this instrument correlated well in a side-by-side comparison with the previous NO remote sensor developed at DU, and we have used this study to confirm a suspected interference by aromatic hydrocarbons in the older instrument. The results of an extended field experiment using the new instrument, conducted in fall 1997, are also presented. The NO emissions of the fleet measured in this study (averaging 15.0 g NO/gal) exhibit a skewed distribution typical of mobile sources. This paper also describes the relationship between NO emissions and model year and NO emissions and vehicle acceleration, as measured by the new remote sensor.
Scaling a Dataflow Testing Methodology to the MultiparadigmWorld of Commercial Spreadsheets (2006)

Spreadsheets are widely used but often contain faults. Thus, in prior work we presented a dataflow testing methodology for use with spreadsheets, which studies have shown can be used cost-effectively by end-user programmers. To date, however, the methodology has been investigated across a limited set of spreadsheet language features. Commercial spreadsheet environments are multiparadigm languages, utilizing features not accommodated by our prior approaches. In addition, most spreadsheets contain large numbers of replicated formulas that severely limit the efficiency of dataflow testing approaches. We show how to handle these two issues with a new dataflow adequacy criterion and automated detection of areas of replicated formulas, and report results of a controlled experiment investigating the feasibility of our approach
Targeting glycosphingolipids for cancer immunotherapy (2020)

Aberrant expression of glycosphingolipids (GSLs) is a unique feature of cancer and stromal cells in tumor microenvironments. Although the impact of GSLs on tumor progression remains largely unclear, anticancer immunotherapies directed against GSLs are attracting growing attention. Here, we focus on GD2, a disialoganglioside expressed in tumors of neuroectodermal origin, and Globo H ceramide (GHCer), the most prevalent cancer-associated GSL overexpressed in a variety of epithelial cancers. We first summarize recent advances on our understanding of GD2 and GHCer biology and then discuss the clinical development of the first immunotherapeutic agent targeting a glycolipid, the GD2-specific antibody dinutuximab, its approved indications, and new strategies to improve its efficacy for neuroblastoma. Next, we review ongoing clinical trials on Globo H-targeted immunotherapeutics. We end with highlighting how these studies provide sound scientific rationales for targeting GSLs in cancer and may facilitate a rational design of new GSL-targeted anticancer therapeutics.
Challenges in Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty: Addressing Glenoid Bone Loss (2016)

Reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) was designed for the treatment of elderly patients with cuff tear arthropathy. Because of its success, the indications for RSA have expanded beyond cuff tear arthropathy to include acute fractures, fracture sequelae, massive rotator cuff tears, inflammatory arthritis, and revision shoulder arthroplasty. Consequently, the number of RSAs performed has increased steadily. Glenoid bone loss is not uncommon in patients undergoing primary or revision RSA. Failure to appreciate and address glenoid bone loss during RSA can lead to improper baseplate positioning and early failure or complications such as dislocation or scapular notching. The authors present a review of the current literature as well as recommended strategies for characterization of glenoid bone loss and preferred surgical techniques for addressing bone loss during RSA.
Positive impacts of early auditory training on cortical processing at an older age (2017)

Progressive negative behavioral changes in normal aging are paralleled by a complex series of physical and functional declines expressed in the cerebral cortex. In studies conducted in the auditory domain, these degrading physical and functional cortical changes have been shown to be broadly reversed by intensive progressive training that improves the spectral and temporal resolution of acoustic inputs and suppresses behavioral distractors. Here we found older rats that were intensively trained on an attentionally demanding modulation-rate recognition task in young adulthood substantially retained training-driven improvements in temporal rate discrimination abilities over a subsequent 18-mo epoch-that is, forward into their older age. In parallel, this young-adult auditory training enduringly enhanced temporal and spectral information processing in their primary auditory cortices (A1). Substantially greater numbers of parvalbumin- and somatostatin-labeled inhibitory neurons (closer to the numbers recorded in young vigorous adults) were recorded in the A1 and hippocampus in old trained versus untrained age-matched rats. These results show that a simple form of training in young adulthood in this rat model enduringly delays the otherwise expected deterioration of the physical status and functional operations of the auditory nervous system, with evident training impacts generalized to the hippocampus.
Thymic CD45 tyrosine phosphatase regulates apoptosis and MHC-restricted negative selection. (1994)

The acquisition of immunologic self-tolerance is governed, in part, by selection mechanisms that occur during intrathymic T cell ontogeny. Although considerable data exist for the molecular basis of mature T cell signal transduction, the enzymes that participate in thymic TCR selection processes have remained unidentified. We report that augmented thymic expression of the CD45R0 protein tyrosine phosphatase increased the efficacy of TCR-mediated apoptosis and MHC-restricted negative selection of HY TCRs in vivo. Additionally, augmented CD45R0 expression resulted in the activation of endogenous p56lck tyrosine kinase in CD4+CD8+ thymocytes. These results identify a cellular enzyme, the CD45R0 protein tyrosine phosphatase, involved in the regulation of apoptosis and TCR selection mechanisms during CD4+CD8+ thymocyte differentiation.
‘Lab on a chip’ Label Free Protein Sensor Systems Based on Polystyrene Bead and Nanofibrous Solid Supports (2008)

A demonstration of the study of polystyrene solid supports on platform based technologies for label - free immunoassay based reactions with improved sensor performance is presented here. Nanomaterials based biosensor was developed by coupling sensing elements with sensitive electronic capture equipment. Thus we constituted a ‘Lab on a chip’ device. The prototype sensor was evaluated for an inflammatory biomarker protein – C reactive protein (CRP). Polymer composites were used to provide both surface area for protein functionalization and efficient means of electron transduction. Important biosensor features such as the dynamic range for linear response to the analyte of interest and rapid response time are highlighted.
Chapter 28 Low-Level Laser Therapy as an Alternative Treatment for Snake Envenomation (2016)

The brain and the spinal cord together form the central nervoussystem (CNS). The spinal cord is surrounded and protected by avertebral column and has millions of nerve ﬁbers that transmitelectrical impulses between the brain and the rest of the body. Thebundle of nerve cells in the spinal tissue is distally connected tomotor and sensory nerves of the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
Privacy compliance and enforcement on European healthgrids: an approach through ontology (2010)

The sharing of medical data between different healthcare organizations in Europe must comply with the legislation of the Member State where the data were originally collected. These legal requirements may differ from one state to another. Privacy requirements such as patient consent may be subject to conflicting conditions between different national frameworks as well as between different legal and ethical frameworks within a single Member State. These circumstances have made the compliance management process in European healthgrids very challenging. In this paper, we present an approach to tackle these issues by relying on several technologies in the semantic Web stack. Our work suggests a direct mapping from high-level legislation on privacy and data protection to operational-level privacy-aware controls. Additionally, we suggest an architecture for the enforcement of these controls on access control models adopted in healthgrid security infrastructures.
Position sensorless control method at zero speed region for permanent magnet synchronous motors using the neutral point voltage of stator windings (2014)

We propose a new sensorless control method that uses the neutral point voltage from stator windings in this paper. Each inductance of the three phase coils of the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) is slightly affected by the rotor magnet flux. As a result, the neutral point voltage also changes depending on the rotor position. The rotor position can be estimated by detecting the neutral point voltage even in the zero speed regions based on this principle. In addition to this, this method can be applied to non-saliency PMSMs. This paper presents the principle and the experimental results when using a small capacity PMSM without saliency.
Anisotropic Human Performance in Six Degree-of-Freedom Tracking: An Evaluation of 3D Display and Control Interfaces (1997)

Motivated by the need for human performance evaluations of advanced interface technologies, this paper presents an empirical evaluation of a 3D interface, from the point of view of both display and control, in a pursuit tracking experiment. The paper derives methods for decomposing tracking performance into six dimensions (three in translation and three in rotation). This dimensional decomposition approach has the advantage of revealing overall performance levels in the depth dimension relative to performance in the horizontal and vertical dimensions. With interposition, linear perspective, stereoscopic disparity and partial occlusion cues incorporated into a single 3D display system, subjects' tracking errors in the depth dimension were about 45% (with no practice) to 35% (with practice) larger than those in the horizontal and vertical dimensions. It was also found that subjects initially had larger tracking errors along the vertical axis than along the horizontal axis, likely due to their attention allocation strategy. Analysis of rotation errors generated a similar anisotropic pattern. By applying the dimensional decomposition method, the paper also analyses the issue of coordinated control of 6 degrees of freedom with one hand. It was found that when the subject could not control all 6 degrees of freedom well, translational aspects of the task were given higher priority than the rotational aspects. After 40 minutes of practice more than 80% percent of subjects were able to control both translational and rotation aspects together.
Review of the speculative role of co-infections in Streptococcus suis-associated diseases in pigs (2021)

Streptococcus suis is one of the most important bacterial swine pathogens affecting post-weaned piglets, causing mainly meningitis, arthritis and sudden death. It not only results in severe economic losses but also raises concerns over animal welfare and antimicrobial resistance and remains an important zoonotic agent in some countries. The definition and diagnosis of S. suis-associated diseases can be complex. Should S. suis be considered a primary or secondary pathogen? The situation is further complicated when referring to respiratory disease, since the pathogen has historically been considered as a secondary pathogen within the porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC). Is S. suis a respiratory or strictly systemic pathogen? S. suis is a normal inhabitant of the upper respiratory tract, and the presence of potentially virulent strains alone does not guarantee the appearance of clinical signs. Within this unclear context, it has been largely proposed that co-infection with some viral and bacterial pathogens can significantly influence the severity of S. suis-associated diseases and may be the key to understanding how the infection behaves in the field. In this review, we critically addressed studies reporting an epidemiological link (mixed infections or presence of more than one pathogen at the same time), as well as in vitro and in vivo studies of co-infection of S. suis with other pathogens and discussed their limitations and possibilities for improvement and proposed recommendations for future studies.
WLC10-5: Performance Analysis of Slotted Carrier Sense IEEE 802.15.4 Medium Access Layer (2006)

The IEEE 802.15.4 standard defines the medium access control (MAC) and physical layer for sensor networks. One of the MAC schemes proposed is slotted carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA), and this paper analyzes whether this scheme meets the design constraints of low-power and low-cost sensor networks. The paper provides a detailed analytical evaluation of its performance in a star topology network for both saturated and unsaturated periodic traffic.The form of the analysis is similar to that of Bianchi for IEEE 802.11 DCF only in the use of a per user Markov model to capture the state of each user at each moment in time. The key assumptions to enable this important simplification and the coupling of the per user Markov models are however different, as a result of the very different designs of the 802.15.4 and 802.11 carrier sensing mechanisms. The performance predicted by the analytical model is very close to that obtained by simulation. Throughput and energy consumption analysis is then performed and design guidelines are derived.
[Ablative strategy: a definite treatment for cardiac arrhythmias?]. (2004)

The development of radiofrequency catheter ablation has dramatically changed the therapeutic approach of cardiac arrhythmias. All atrial rhythm disturbances are now amenable to ablative strategy. Ablation has become the first-line therapy for atrial flutter. Atrial fibrillation, a major factor of morbidity and mortality, is now a target for this radical treatment. Ablation of pulmonary vein foci, eventually associated to atrial linear lesions, raises the possibility of suppressing atrial fibrillation. The success rate is now as high as 70 to 85%, depending on the form of atrial fibrillation. For atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia either nodal or over an accessory pathway, ablation is the reference treatment with success rates of 99%. All symptomatic Wolff-Parkinson-White syndromes can be definitely cured by this technique. At the ventricular level, the procedures are often more complexes, due to advanced cardiomyopathy. However, most of sustained ventricular tachycardias can be cured by ablation. The success rates are somewhat lower (about 80%). The challenge for the next years is ablation of premature ventricular beats initiating ventricular fibrillation. The technique is also improving from day-to-day (88% success rate) and makes rise the hope of curing sudden death.
Dynamic optical response of solids following 1-fs-scale photoinjection (2023)

Photoinjection of charge carriers profoundly changes the properties of a solid. This manipulation enables ultrafast measurements, such as electric-field sampling<sup>1,2</sup>, advanced recently to petahertz frequencies<sup>3-7</sup>, and the real-time study of many-body physics<sup>8-13</sup>. Nonlinear photoexcitation by a few-cycle laser pulse can be confined to its strongest half-cycle<sup>14-16</sup>. Describing the associated subcycle optical response, vital for attosecond-scale optoelectronics, is elusive when studied with traditional pump-probe metrology as the dynamics distort any probing field on the timescale of the carrier, rather than that of the envelope. Here we apply field-resolved optical metrology to these dynamics and report the direct observation of the evolving optical properties of silicon and silica during the first few femtoseconds following a near-1-fs carrier injection. We observe that the Drude-Lorentz response forms within several femtoseconds-a time interval much shorter than the inverse plasma frequency. This is in contrast to previous measurements in the terahertz domain<sup>8,9</sup> and central to the quest to speed up electron-based signal processing.
Proper glycosylation and phosphorylation of the type A natriuretic peptide receptor are required for hormone-stimulated guanylyl cyclase activity. (1993)

The natriuretic peptide receptor type A (NPR-A) is a receptor-guanylyl cyclase whose cytoplasmic enzymatic activity is stimulated by atrial natriuretic peptide binding to the extracellular domain. NPR-A expressed in COS cells is heterogeneously glycosylated, and the more highly glycosylated protein is also phosphorylated. Upon hormone binding, dephosphorylation occurs from both serine and threonine residues, probably within the kinase homology domain of NPR-A, and may be involved with receptor desensitization. Using site-specific mutations in the kinase homology domain of NPR-A, we have identified several residues that are important for regulating the guanylyl cyclase activity of NPR-A. Some of these amino acids are probably essential for maintaining the proper tertiary structure of the intracellular domain, and others may form loops that allow for binding of ATP, which is required for proper enzymatic activity. The site-specific mutants which have greatly reduced enzymatic activity are not phosphorylated and are incompletely glycosylated. These results suggest a correlation between phosphorylation and complete glycosylation of NPR-A and that both are required for hormone-induced enzymatic activity.
<title>Video broadcast using an optically controlled serially fed phased-array antenna</title> (1996)

A new type of RF-photonic antenna design which uses an optical serially-fed phased array is proposed for applications in radar and communication systems. This antenna has the advantages of true time delay and yet only requires one tunable laser and one fiber optic grating delay for beam steering. In addition to discussing the system operation in transmit mode, we also present initial experiments establishing the viability of the basic serial-feed design approach by experimentally demonstrating the concept of optically controlled directional video broadcast using a 9 GHz sub-carrier. Our video transmission results are the first use of an optically controlled serially-fed phased array antenna as a communication device. KEYWORDS: true-time delay, fiber Bragg gratings, phased-array, video broadcast, photonic antenna, wireless communication
Supplementary Table 1 from Molecular Profiling Establishes Genetic Features Predictive of the Efficacy of the p110β Inhibitor KIN-193 (2023)

&lt;p&gt;A. 67 PTEN-null cell-lines from GDSC. Columns 1:4 contain serial number, Cell-line identifier, KIN-193 Zscore and KIN-193 ID (S: Sensitive; R: Resistance) respectively. B. Association score of 5143 features with KIN-193 efficacy. Negative RNMI score implies strong association with resistance, positive RNMI core implies strong association with sensitivity. Columns 1:3 contain Gene name which is mutated, RNMI score and status in COSMIC database as cancer gene.&lt;/p&gt;
An Efficient Preparation of 3-Perfluorooctyl-1-Chloromethoxypropane and Application of the Fluorous MOMCL in Tagging Hydroxyl and Amine Groups (2006)

A fluorous MOMCl has been synthesized and the preparation is amenable to a 10g scale synthesis. Tagging of both primary and secondary alcohols were achieved in good to excellent yield. Successful detagging was achieved in most cases by employing Lewis or Bronsted acid conditions.
A 0.13-$\mu$m CMOS Interface Circuit for a MEMS Resonator-Based Vacuum Measurement System (2013)

This paper presents the design of the interface circuit for a novel MEMS-based vacuum measurement system topology. The system is designed to target a vacuum range from 10 to 1200 mbar , providing a theoretical pressure resolution of 2 mbar over the temperature range from -10°C to 60°C. The proposed circuit is designed and fabricated in an IBM 0.13- μm CMOS process. Measurements show the circuit consumes 62 μW from a 1.2-V supply, and has a maximum response time of 2 ms. This work is a critical step towards the goal of building a low-power, monolithic, integrated MEMS-based temperature-compensated vacuum measurement system.
Experimental and Computational Studies of the Infrared Spectra of 3,4-Benzotropone and Naphtho[2,3-c]tropone:  Medium Effects on the Molecular Structures of the Tropones (2004)

The IR spectra of 3,4-benzotropone (2) and naphtho[2,3-c]tropone (3) isolated in nitrogen matrices at 13 K were directly observed. These tropones were generated in the matrices by the photoisomerization of 6,7-benzobicyclo[3.2.0]hepta-3,6-dien-2-one (4) and naphtho[2,3-f]bicyclo[3.2.0]hepta-3,6-dien-2-one (5), respectively. The observed IR bands of the photoproducts were in good agreement with the theoretically predicted bands. The intense CO/CC bands of 2 were observed at 1607 and 1615 cm-1, and the corresponding band of 3 was observed at 1605 cm-1 with shoulder peaks. The fact that the CO/CC band of 3 was observed at a slightly lower wavenumber than the corresponding bands of 2 indicates that benzo-annelation enhanced the contribution of the polarized resonance form to 3. The observed IR spectra of 2 in the nitrogen matrix differed significantly from the spectra observed previously in a CFCl3−CF2BrCF2Br−CHCl3 matrix. Self-consistent reaction field calculations on 2 using the Onsager dipolar-sphere model revealed that the observed differences in the spectra reflect structural changes induced in the tropones by the surrounding media.