gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Hybrid mode-locked diode lasers for synchronous optical network applications</title> (1994)

Compact and efficient sources of high power ultrafast optical pulses are needed to incorporate high speed optical information processing techniques into future photonic networks. In this paper, the robust timing stability associated with optical mode-locked pulse trains from semiconductor diode lasers is examined as an alternative to standard methods of providing synchronous timing signals in future photonic networks. Here, it is demonstrated how these sources may play a role in several photonic network scenarios, such as optical clock distribution, photonic network synchronization, and all optical clock recovery.
The injection efficiency controlled IGBT (2002)

An IGBT structure in which the anode injection efficiency changes with current density, the injection efficiency controlled IGBT (EEC-IGBT), is proposed. The anode injection efficiency of the IEC-IGBT is controlled via a current sensor inherent in its structure. Anode injection efficiency is strongly enhanced at low device current density and significantly reduced at high device current density. This enables the device to have a low on-state voltage drop (V/sub on/) and superior safe operation area (SOA), making it very suitable for high-power applications. Simulation results based on 3.3 KV DMOS NPT devices indicate the on-state voltage drop of the IEC-IGBT is reduced by 0.6 V (20%) and the short-circuit SOA (SCSOA) is improved by several times compared to the conventional IGBT.
Virtual Coupling Schemes for Position Coherency in Networked Haptic Environments (2006)

In networked haptic environments, multiple users remotely collaborate sharing the same virtual space. Such environments are used in surgical simulation training, maintenance task training, etc. Maintaining position coherency between the copies of the virtual object in these environments is necessary to achieve consistency in collaboration, especially in the presence of time delays between users. Client-server architecture is widely used to maintain position coherency in networked haptic environments. Such methods introduce a round trip delay for each user and also the collaboration depends on the client's ability to maintain communication with the server. In peer-to-peer architecture where the information from each user is multicasted to all other users, time delay is reduced to half compared to client-server based methods. It is also the most difficult method for maintaining position coherency. Of the three virtual coupling schemes introduced to maintain position coherency in this paper, two utilize a peer-to-peer architecture. The performance of the schemes using peer-to-peer architecture for constant time delays was compared to the virtual coupling scheme representing the client-server method. Experimental results demonstrate that one of the virtual coupling schemes has a comparable performance to the server-based method
Trellis‐coded CIOD using conjugate symmetric rotated QAM signal set (2013)

A trellis‐coded coordinate‐interleaved orthogonal design (TC‐CIOD) for four transmit antennas with a rotated QAM base signal set is introduced. To design a high rate pre‐encoder the base signal set is expanded by conjugating the rotated QAM signals without changing the transmit signal set at each transmit antenna. The proposed TC‐CIOD provides coding gain without increasing peak‐to‐average‐power ratio.
Rac1-dependent secretion of platelet-derived CCL5 regulates neutrophil recruitment via activation of alveolar macrophages in septic lung injury (2015)

Accumulating evidence suggest that platelets play an important role in regulating neutrophil recruitment in septic lung injury. Herein, we hypothesized that platelet-derived CCL5 might facilitate sepsis-induced neutrophil accumulation in the lung. Abdominal sepsis was induced by CLP in C57BL/6 mice. CLP increased plasma levels of CCL5. Platelet depletion and treatment with the Rac1 inhibitor NSC23766 markedly reduced CCL5 in the plasma of septic mice. Moreover, Rac1 inhibition completely inhibited proteasePAR4-induced secretion of CCL5 in isolated platelets. Immunoneutralization of CCL5 decreased CLP-induced neutrophil infiltration, edema formation, and tissue injury in the lung. However, inhibition of CCL5 function had no effect on CLP-induced expression of Mac-1 on neutrophils. The blocking of CCL5 decreased plasma and lung levels of CXCL1 and CXCL2 in septic animals. CCL5 had no effect on neutrophil chemotaxis in vitro, suggesting an indirect effect of CCL5 on neutrophil recruitment. Intratracheal challenge with CCL5 increased accumulation of neutrophils and formation of CXCL2 in the lung. Administration of the CXCR2 antagonist SB225002 abolished CCL5-induced pulmonary recruitment of neutrophils. Isolated alveolar macrophages expressed significant levels of the CCL5 receptors CCR1 and CCR5. In addition, CCL5 triggered significant secretion of CXCL2 from isolated alveolar macrophages. Notably, intratracheal administration of clodronate not only depleted mice of alveolar macrophages but also abolished CCL5-induced formation of CXCL2 in the lung. Taken together, our findings suggest that Rac1 regulates platelet secretion of CCL5 and that CCL5 is a potent inducer of neutrophil recruitment in septic lung injury via formation of CXCL2 in alveolar macrophages.
Identification of the site of production of complement C5, which is upregulated on exosomal bilayers from serum of mice with partial sciatic nerve ligation (2022)

【Introduction】Exosomes are small (50-150 nm) membrane vesicles of endocytic origin, which are found in bodying fluids, and supporting their role in intercellular communication. Although recent studies have demonstrated that various biomarkers involved in the extent of pain from the serum exosomes, the effects of exosomes on pain have not been elucidated. We have previously demonstrated that increased expression of complement C5 on exosome bilayers from partial sciatic nerve ligation (PSNL) mouse sera enhances formalin-induced nociceptive behavior. In this study, to identify tissues producing complement C5 on exosome bilayers, we extracted 1) intracellular vesicles in tissues from PSNL and sham-operated groups, 2) organ-specific exosomes from serum-derived exosomes by immunoprecipitation, and compared the protein expression levels.
Regulation of cerebral endothelial cell morphology by extracellular calcium (2007)

Cerebral endothelial cells interconnected by tight and adherens junctions constitute the structural basis of the blood-brain barrier. Extracellular calcium ions have been reported to play an important role in the formation and maintenance of the junctional complex. However, little is known about the action of calcium depletion on the structural characteristics of cerebral endothelial cells. Using atomic force microscopy we analyzed the effect of calcium depletion and readdition on the shape and size of living brain endothelial cells. It was found that the removal of extracellular calcium from confluent cell cultures induced the dissociation of the cells from each other accompanied by an increase in their height. After readdition of calcium a gradual recovery was observed until total confluency was regained. We have also demonstrated that Rho-kinase plays an important role in the calcium-depletion-induced disassembly of endothelial tight and adherens junctions. The Rho-kinase inhibitor Y27632 could prevent the morphological changes induced by a lack of calcium as well. Our results suggest that calcium depletion induces Rho-kinase-dependent cytoskeletal changes that may be partly responsible for the disassembly of the junctional complex.
Practical DSP Applications: Audio Coding and Audio Effects (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Overview of Audio Compression MP3/Ogg Vorbis Audio Encoding MP3/Ogg Vorbis Audio Decoding Implementation of Ogg Vorbis Decoder with BF537 EZ-KIT Audio Effects Implementation of MDCT with LabVIEW Embedded Module for Blackfin Processors More Application Projects
Preparation of Shaped Carbon Nanotube Solids for Electrochemical Applications (2007)

Abstract not Available.
Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Docosahexaenoic and Eicosapentaenoic Acids in Phorbol-Ester-lnduced Mouse Ear Inflammation (1996)

Laboratory animal models and clinical studies suggest that dietary n-3 fatty acids are beneficial in diseases with an inflammatory component such as rheumatoid arthritis or psoriasis. In the present study we investigated the effect of purified docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on phorbol ester (TPA)-induced acute inflammation. Mice were fed for 6 weeks a diet containing 5% corn oil enriched with either 1% DHA or 1% EPA and compared with a group receiving 6% corn oil only. The dietary treatment with DHA or EPA elevated the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids as expected in the spleen and ear phospholipids, associated with a reduction in arachidonic acid levels. The degree of ear inflammation was quantified by measuring the four parameters including (1) edema as the increase in ear biopsy weight, (2) polymorphonuclear cell infiltration as myeloperoxidase activity (MPO) at the site of inflammation, (3) prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and (4) leukotriene B4 (LTB4) concentrations in ear edema. The addition of DHA to the diet reduced significantly the edema formation and the MPO activity 24 h after TPA challenge. Both DHA and EPA significantly reduced the PGE2 and LTB4 levels compared with animals fed corn oil. This result suggests that DHA rather than EPA may be useful in the adjuvant treatment of diseases where acute inflammatory processes play a role.
A 2.5-GHz asymmetric multilevel outphasing power amplifier in 65-nm CMOS (2011)

We present a high-efficiency transmitter based on asymmetric multilevel outphasing (AMO). AMO transmitters improve their efficiency over LINC (linear amplification using nonlinear components) transmitters by switching the output envelopes of the power amplifiers among a discrete set of levels. This minimizes the occurrence of large outphasing angles, reducing the energy lost in the power combiner. We demonstrate this concept with a 2.5-GHz, 20-dBm peak output power transmitter using 2-level AMO designed in a 65-nm CMOS process. To the authors' knowledge, this IC is the first integrated implementation of the AMO concept. At peak output power, the measured power-added efficiency is 27.8%. For a 16-QAM signal with 6.1dB peak-to-average power ratio, the AMO prototype improves the average efficiency from 4.7% to 10.0% compared to the standard LINC system.
In-situ deposition and processing of YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-x/ films and multilayers for optoelectronic devices (1991)

In situ direct deposition at approximately 700 degrees C of thin YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-x/ superconductive films and multilayers has been done by three techniques using stoichiometric YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-x/ sintered targets. Excimer laser ablation in a DC magnetron system with hollow and planar targets leads to 0.5-, 1.2-, and 2.5-in diameter uniformly superconductive layers under static conditions. High critical current densities (>10/sup 6/ A cm/sup 2/ at 77 K) associated with low resistivity and good epitaxial behavior are achieved on top of MgO, SrTiO/sub 3/, LaAlO/sub 3/, and YSZ single-crystal wafers. High-quality c-oriented films (T/sub c/>80 K) are routinely obtained by means of a DC magnetron on large sapphire (>2 in) substrates covered by a YSZ RF sputtered buffer layer. The infrared properties of such films have been checked at 1.15- mu m wavelength. In order to achieve active devices (such as optical detectors and high-frequency mixers), small (<10- mu m/sup 2/) YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7/-YSZ-Ag tunnel junctions and arrays have been successfully patterned in the superconductor/insulator/normal-metal trilayers using SNOP (selective niobium overlap process).
A dictionary for approximate string search and longest prefix search (2006)

In this paper we propose a dictionary data structure for string search with errors where the query string may didiffer from the expected matching string by a few edits. This data structure can also be used to find the database string with the longest common prefix with few errors. Specifically, with a database of n random strings, each of length of O(m), we show how to perform string search on a query string that differs from its closest match by k edits using a data structure of linear size and query time equal to Õ(log n 2 log n klog a 2m over 2m). This means that if k < m over log a 2m log n, then the query time is Õ(1). This is of significant in practice as there are several applications where k is small relative to m. Our approach converts strings into bit vectors so that similar strings can map to similar bit vectors with small hamming distance. A simple reduction can be used to obtain similar results for approximate longest prefix search.
On the Performance of Uniform Threshold Quantization for a sum of Independent Memoryless Laplacian Sources (2007)

The performance of uniform threshold quantization subject to an entropy constraint is studied for a sum of two and three independent zero-mean memoryless Laplacian sources. Both symmetric and asymmetric quantizers are considered, and approximate parametric expressions for the operational rate-distortion function R(D) are obtained for all rates. In particular, the low rate regime (rates below 1 bit per sample) is considered and simpler expressions for R(D) are derived. It is envisioned that these expressions will facilitate rate estimation in practical Wyner-Ziv coding with low complexity encoder.
A novel mode of antitumor activity for imatinib mesylate: Consequences for the design of surrogate markers of efficacy and combination therapies (2005)

2516 We have recently reported that STI571 has not only a tumor cell autonomous effect but also acts on host dendritic cells (DC) to promote natural killer (NK) cell activation and NK cell-dependent antitumor effects in mice. Moreover, about 50% of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) bearing patients undergoing therapy with STI571 acquire NK cell activation correlating with clinical outcome. The study of the Time To Progression (TTP) for 43 patients that benefited from a median follow up of 13.2 months in both cohorts of GIST, those exhibited enhanced NK cell functions (22/43) at 2 months of Gleevec versus those who did not (21/43) revealed that TTP is significantly longer in patients with NK cell activation (Log Rank Test, p=0.03). The potential associated prognostic factors: type of c-kit mutation, extra-gastric primary tumor, haemoglobin level < 7 g/dL, performance status over 2 and pulmonary metastases at entry, were all comparable in these two cohorts. The lack of STI571-mediated NK cell induction found in the other 50% of cases could be assigned to the presence of high numbers of CD4+CD25highregulatory T cells (Treg) in blood at entry, which were shown, by us, to inhibit NK cell effector functions in human ex-vivo and in-vitro. The mean percentages of Treg among CD3+CD4+ T cells in GIST patients displaying NK cell induction were not elevated as compared with normal volunteers (1.1% ± 0.3% vs 1.2% ± 0.4%, respectively, p = 0.5) whereas these yields were increased by three fold in the group of patients with no NK cell induction (3.2% ± 0.8%, p = 0.02). We finally found that the combination of immunopotentiating dosages of cyclophosphamide, aimed at reducing Treg function, with STI571 was synergistic in a mouse (C57BL/6) model of lung melanoma (B16F10 cells) metastases. Altogether, NK cell activation is a novel surrogate marker of efficacy of STI571 which is critical for TTP and could be enhanced by pre-treatment of GIST patients with Treg inhibitors. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Modeling circulation in lakes: Spatial and temporal variations (2003)

The influence of spatial and temporal variations in wind forcing on the circulation in lakes is investigated using field data and the three‐dimensional Estuary and Lake Computer Model (ELCOM) applied to Lake Kinneret. Lake Kinneret field data from six thermistor chains and eight wind anemometers deployed during July 2001 are presented. Internal wave motions are well reproduced by the numerical model when forced with a spatially uniform wind taken from a station near the lake center; however, simulated seiche amplitudes are too large (especially vertical mode 2) and lead observations by 3–10 h (for a 24‐h period wave) at different locations around the lake. Consideration of the spatial variation of the wind field improves simulated wave amplitude, and phase error at all stations is reduced to less than 1.5 h. This improvement is attributable to a better representation of the horizontally averaged wind stress and can be reproduced with a spatially uniform wind that has the same horizontally averaged wind stress as the spatially varying wind field. However, a spatially varying wind field is essential for simulating mean surface circulation, which is shown to be predominantly directly forced by the surface‐layer‐averaged wind stress moment.
Localization of a flavonoid biosynthetic polyphenol oxidase in vacuoles (2005)

Aureusidin synthase, a polyphenol oxidase (PPO), specifically catalyzes the oxidative formation of aurones from chalcones, which are plant flavonoids, and is responsible for the yellow coloration of snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus) flowers. All known PPOs have been found to be localized in plastids, whereas flavonoid biosynthesis is thought to take place in the cytoplasm [or on the cytoplasmic surface of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)]. However, the primary structural characteristics of aureusidin synthase and some of its molecular properties argue against localization of the enzyme in plastids and the cytoplasm. In this study, the subcellular localization of the enzyme in petal cells of the yellow snapdragon was investigated. Sucrose-density gradient and differential centrifugation analyses suggested that the enzyme (the 39-kDa mature form) is not located in plastids or on the ER. Transient assays using a green fluorescent protein (GFP) chimera fused with the putative propeptide of the PPO precursor suggested that the enzyme was localized within the vacuole lumen. We also found that the necessary information for vacuolar targeting of the PPO was encoded within the 53-residue N-terminal sequence (NTPP), but not in the C-terminal sequence of the precursor. NTPP-mediated ER-to-Golgi trafficking to vacuoles was confirmed by means of the co-expression of an NTPP-GFP chimera with a dominant negative mutant of the Arabidopsis GTPase Sar1 or with a monomeric red fluorescent protein (mRFP)-fused Golgi marker (an H+-translocating inorganic pyrophosphatase of Arabidopsis). We identified a sequence-specific vacuolar sorting determinant in the NTPP of the precursor. We have demonstrated the biosynthesis of a flavonoid skeleton in vacuoles. The findings of this metabolic compartmentation may provide a strategy for overcoming the biochemical instability of the precursor chalcones in the cytoplasm, thus leading to the efficient accumulation of aurones in the flower.
FDTD modeling and validation of EM survey tools (2002)

Abstract Accurate finite‐difference–time‐domain (FDTD) modeling of loop‐type sources using a modified source term is described and validated by comparison with an analytical solution in a resistive whole space. This demonstrates that the FDTD method provides good accuracy a few cells beyond the source but is slightly inaccurate very near the source. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 34: 427–429, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10484
Knowledge Acquisition for Content Selection (1997)

An important part of building a natural-language generation (NLG) system is knowledge acquisition, that is deciding on the specific schemas, plans, grammar rules, and so forth that should be used in the NLG system. We discuss some experiments we have performed with KA for content-selection rules, in the context of building an NLG system which generates health-related material. These experiments suggest that it is useful to supplement corpus analysis with KA techniques developed for building expert systems, such as structured group discussions and think-aloud protocols. They also raise the point that KA issues may influence architectural design issues, in particular the decision on whether a planning approach is used for content selection. We suspect that in some cases, KA may be easier if other constructive expert-system techniques (such as production rules, or case-based reasoning) are used to determine the content of a generated text.
Reductive mobilisation of ferritin iron (1985)

The reductive mobilisation of iron from ferritin, the principal protein of iron storage, was studied. The kinetic characteristics of iron release by dithionite, thioglycollate, and dihydroriboflavin 5'-phosphate (FMNH2) were found to differ widely. The dependence on pH is most pronounced for the dithionite reduction which proceeds 100 times faster at pH 4 than at pH 7. The experimental data can be consistently explained in terms of specific interactions of products or educts with interfacial iron(III) hydroxide of the ferritin core. Surface complexes with the product sulfite are postulated in the dithionite reaction, and with the educt in the thioglycollate reaction. Iron(II) complexes with the radical anion FMN-. are suggested to be involved in the iron release by FMNH2. The mobilisation of iron by a series of thiols of different size and coordinative properties confirmed the importance of surface complex formation. No evidence was found for predominant effects of hindered shell penetration.
Multiuser separation and performance analysis of millimeter wave\n channels with linear precoding (2016)

In the conventional multiuser MIMO systems, user selection and scheduling has\npreviously been used as an effective way to increase the sum rate performance\nof the system. However, the recent concepts of the massive MIMO systems (at\ncentimeter wavelength frequencies) have shown that with higher spatial\nresolution of antenna arrays different users in the dense scenarios can be\nspatially separated. This in turn significantly reduces the signal processing\nefforts required for multiuser selection algorithms. On the other hand, recent\nmeasurements at millimeter wave frequencies show that multipath components only\narrive from few angular directions leading to high spatial correlation between\nthe paths and co-located users. This paper focus at the investigation of\nspatial separation among the users at the millimeter wave frequencies with\nfully digital linear zero-forcing transmit precoding considering various\nchannel propagation parameters. Our analysis results convincingly give a proof\nthat multiuser selection algorithms are still important for millimeter wave\ncommunication systems. Results also show that increased number of antenna\nelements does not give a major benefit to sum rate improvements as compared to\nthe selection of correct number of users to be selected/scheduled.\n