gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immunohistochemical Localization of EGF, TGF-α, TGF-β, and Their Receptors in Rat Corneas During Healing of Excimer Laser Ablation (2006)

Purpose: Members of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) families of growth factors and receptors are known to regulate key aspects of corneal wound healing, including epithelial migration and scar formation. To further understand their roles, mRNA levels were measured and proteins were immunolocalized in rat corneas at multiple time points during healing of excimer laser ablation injury. Methods: Excimer laser photoablation was performed to a depth of 50 μm on rat corneas. Levels of mRNAs for EGF, TGF-α, TGF-β isoforms 1, 2, and 3, and their receptors (EGF-R and TGFβ-IIR) were measured by quantitative RT-PCR on days 0, 1.5, 7, 21, 42, and 91 after ablation. Immunohistochemical localization of the growth factors and their receptors was performed on days 0, 7, and 21 in corneal sections. Results: Levels of EGF mRNA remained stable in rat corneas after ablation (68 ± 12 copies/cell, mean ± SD), whereas levels of TGF-α mRNA progressively increased sixfold to a maximum at day 42 (300 copies/cell) then slightly decreased on day 91. Levels of EGF-R mRNA rapidly increased 60-fold on day 7 compared with day 0 (571 vs. 9 copies/cell) then decreased sixfold above baseline at day 91. Levels of TGF-β1 mRNA remained stable (36 ± 10 copies/cell), whereas levels of TGF-β2 and TGF-β3 mRNAs peaked on day 21 (300-fold and 25-fold increase) and remained elevated through day 91. Levels of TGFβ-IIR mRNA showed a similar pattern. Immunostaining of all the growth factors and receptors was primarily in basal layers of epithelial cells in uninjured cornea and during healing. Intensity of immunostaining for TGF-β1, TGFβ-IR, and TGFβ-IIR increased appreciably in the basal epithelial layers after ablation. Conclusions: Levels of mRNAs for several key members of the EGF and TGF-β systems increase during corneal wound healing. In addition, the proteins are primarily localized in basal layers of epithelial cells, which suggest these cells are active in synthesizing autocrine and paracrine growth factors that modulate corneal wound healing.
Optical properties of single‐walled carbon nanotubes filled with CuCl by gas‐phase technique (2014)

Single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have unique electronic and optical properties, which are attractive in various applications. These properties can be further improved by functionalization. In this work, it is shown that filling nanotubes with CuCl leads to improvement of their electro‐conductive and optical transmission properties up to outstanding level. The improvement is due to the significant p‐type doping of the functionalized nanotubes. That leads to a huge increase in nanotubes charge carrier density and the considerable decrease of the nanotubes absorption via Pauli blocking. The functionalization was realized via a gas‐phase filling of SWCNTs with CuCl. We demonstrate the effect of huge doping on optical properties of nanotubes with different average diameters. The observed sufficient stability of the CuCl@SWCNT composite is proved to be due to the formation of quasi‐one‐dimensional (1D) CuCl crystal inside nanotubes. AC‐HRTEM image of 1D CuCl crystal formed inside SWCNT.
Collaborative Multisystem Channelization (2015)

We present a new approach for enhancing spectrum efficiency by means of multisystem spectrum channelization. The proposed approach incorporates impact between spectrum channelization and exploiting channel state information at transmitter (CSIT). We create disparities in accuracy of CSIT for different systems through frame offsets between the systems such that the time segments of the best CSIT accuracy for different systems are disjoint. We assign more spectrum resources to each system during its duration of best CSIT accuracy. This yields systematic and periodic changing of spectrum boundaries (in contrast to the fixed boundaries of the existing approach) while providing better CSIT accuracy level and larger degrees of freedom in resource allocation and hence higher spectrum efficiency for each system. We formulate the given collaborative multisystem channelization problem, derive the analytical performance metrics (postscheduling average data rate under time-varying CSIT accuracy for several schedulers), and develop the optimally channelized resource maps of the systems. In the basic form, the proposed channelization is designed offline once. We also generalize it into adaptive channelization to accommodate disparities of traffic demands for different systems. Analytical and simulation results corroborate substantial performance gains of the proposed scheme over the existing approach.
Characterization of lattice disorder in the low‐temperature phase of irradiated PTFE by vibrational spectroscopy (1983)

Abstract In an effort to elucidate the structure of the low‐temperature phase of PTFE, a spectroscopic study of the effect of progressive irradiation on the low‐frequency infrared spectrum was undertaken. Previous infrared and Raman measurements indicated that irradiation of PTFE decreases its crystalline content, resulting in a lowering of the 19°C phase transition temperature due to the introduction of disorder and defect structures into the lattice by chain scission. Far‐infrared studies of virgin and irradiated PTFE at liquid nitrogen temperatures show that the medium to strong bands at 45, 54, 58, and 71 cm −1 , attributed to lattice vibrations, decrease in intensity as the crystalline content decreases. These findings support the assignment of these bands to intermolecular vibrations of the crystalline lattice and are an indication of the presence of more than one molecule in the crystallographic unit cell.
On the Performance Enhancement of Nitride Phosphors as Spectral Conversion Materials in Solid State Lighting (2012)

Nitride phosphors have witnessed themselves the boom period of last ten years. As a new class of spectral conversion materials in solid state lighting, they are steadily replacing sulfides and othosilicates and playing key roles in producing white light-emitting diodes (wLEDs) with high color rendering, tunable color temperatures and high luminous efficiency. The optical quality and reliability of phosphor-converted wLEDs depend exclusively on the performance of phosphors used, so that the performance enhancement of nitride phosphors, which determines their real applicability, must be on the agenda. This article initiates the discussion on the improvement/modification of photoluminescence intensity, emission spectra, quantum efficiency, and thermal quenching/degradation of nitride phosphors. The effects of compositional tailoring (including the doping level, cationic and anionic substitutions), co-doping and post-treatment on the phosphor performance are overviewed. Finally, to make the strategies for the performance enhancement more effective, strengthening the structural analysis is suggested.
Evidence for Dissociable Linkage of Dimensions of Psychopathology to Brain Structure in Youths (2019)

The results suggest a dissociable relationship whereby fear is most strongly linked to reduced cortical thickness and overall psychopathology is most strongly linked to global reductions in gray matter volume. Such results have implications for understanding how abnormalities of brain development may be associated with divergent dimensions of psychopathology.
Closed-form solution of the convolution integral in the magnetic resonance dispersion model for quantitative assessment of angiogenesis (2014)

Prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis and treatment is still limited due to the lack of reliable imaging methods for cancer localization. Based on the fundamental role played by angiogenesis in cancer growth and development, several dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) imaging methods have been developed to probe tumor angiogenic vasculature. In DCE magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), pharmacokinetic modeling allows estimating quantitative parameters related to the physiology underlying tumor angiogenesis. In particular, novel magnetic resonance dispersion imaging (MRDI) enables quantitative assessment of the microvascular architecture and leakage, by describing the intravascular dispersion kinetics of an extravascular contrast agent with a dispersion model. According to this model, the tissue contrast concentration at each voxel is given by the convolution between the intravascular concentration, described as a Brownian motion process according to the convective-dispersion equation, with the interstitium impulse response, represented by a mono-exponential decay, and describing the contrast leakage in the extravascular space. In this work, an improved formulation of the MRDI method is obtained by providing an analytical solution for the convolution integral present in the dispersion model. The performance of the proposed method was evaluated by means of dedicated simulations in terms of estimation accuracy, precision, and computation time. Moreover, a preliminary clinical validation was carried out in five patients with proven PCa. The proposed method allows for a reduction by about 40% of computation time without any significant change in estimation accuracy and precision, and in the clinical performance.
Actinomycin D: Inhibition of Phospholipid Synthesis in Chick Embryo Cells (1968)

When chick embryo fibroblasts are exposed to actinomycin D for 30 minutes to 3 hours, there is progressive inhibition of phospholipid synthesis, so that by 3 hours the inhibition is 40 percent. All phospholipids are affected. Since this inhibition is twice as great as the inhibition of protein synthesis, some effects of actinomycin D previously ascribed to decreased protein synthesis must be reevaluated.
Global optimization in inverse problem of scatterometry (2015)

Abstract In the current work, we consider the inverse problem in scatterometry which consists in determining the feature shape from an experimental ellipsometric signature. The reformulation of the given nonlinear identification problem was considered as a parametric optimization problem using the Least Square criterion. In this work, a design procedure for global robust optimization is developed using Kriging and global optimization approaches. Robustness is determined by Kriging model to reduce the number of real functional calculations of Least Square criterion. The technical of the global optimization methods is adopted to determine the global robust optimum of a surrogate model.
Crack Propagation Analysis via Quasicontinuum Model (2003)

An atomistic calculation makes it possible to evaluate the strength of coating, which feature is affected by nano structure such as nanopore. However, because of the restriction of the computational resources, the atomistic calculation has the limitation of analytical region to nano meter order. To compensate this situation, a multiscale analysis from atomistic to continuum is introduced. The quasicontinuum model has been developed for the multiscale modeling to enable as seamless description of solid mechanical behavior from the atomistic to the continuum scale. In the quasicontinuum method, system under interest is modeled by the distributed atoms, and discretized by finite element meshes, and their positions are prescribed by means of the nodal displacements related to the conventional shape functions. Sum of the interatomic potential, which is determined by the positions of the atoms, is equivalent to the total energy of the system. The total energy of the system is determined by the nodal displacements and minimized through the variational method of the conventional finite element formulation. In this method, the total degrees of freedom are largely reduced in comparison to the molecular dynamics. In this paper, a fundamental research to utilize the quasicontinuum model in two dimensional atomistic fracture problems is carried out. We find out the adequate discretization manner around a crack tip, and we conclude that the finest elements should be extended to at least 15 atoms distance from the crack tip.
Alkane-Soluble Bis[tris(alkylphenyl)carbenium] Diborate Cocatalyst for Olefin Polymerizations (2022)

Binuclear dianionic cocatalysts can bring cationic active metal centers into close proximity to study center–center enchainment cooperativity effects in olefin polymerization catalysis. The previously reported binuclear diborate cocatalyst, (Ph3C+)2[1,4-(C6F5)3BC6F4B(C6F5)3]2– (B2,H), is poorly soluble in alkane and aromatic solvents and requires undesirable haloaromatic additives to fully solubilize it for efficient olefin polymerizations. Here, two binuclear diborate-based cocatalysts, (Ar3C+)2[1,4-(C6F5)3BC6F4B(C6F5)3]2– (B2,t-Bu; Ar = 4-t-Bu-C6H4-; B2,n-octyl; Ar = 4-n-octyl-C6H4-), are synthesized and characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, density functional theory computation, and by single-crystal diffraction for B2,t-Bu. B2,n-octyl exhibits good solubility in low-polarity solvents such as toluene and methylcyclohexane (MeCy), enabling the study of (μ-CH2CH2-3,3′){(η5-indenyl)[1-Me2Si(tBuN)](ZrMe+)2 [EBICGC(ZrMe+)2]-catalyzed ethylene homo- and co-polymerizations in solvent systems of decreasing polarity (toluene/difluorobenzene → toluene → MeCy). Product Mws are bimodal and sensitive to the above solvent progression, with the high-Mw fraction (wt %) increasing from 41 → 92 → 100%, respectively, for ethylene homopolymerization, and from 15 → 53 → 93%, respectively, for ethylene + 1-hexene copolymerization. Under scaled/industrial high temperature, higher pressure operating conditions, the same soluble binuclear diborate is an active olefin copolymerization cocatalyst, giving high polymer Mws and similar dispersity, D̵.
The CD81 Partner EWI-2wint Inhibits Hepatitis C Virus Entry (2008)

Two to three percent of the world's population is chronically infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and thus at risk of developing liver cancer. Although precise mechanisms regulating HCV entry into hepatic cells are still unknown, several cell surface proteins have been identified as entry factors for this virus. Among these molecules, the tetraspanin CD81 is essential for HCV entry. Here, we have identified a partner of CD81, EWI-2wint, which is expressed in several cell lines but not in hepatocytes. Ectopic expression of EWI-2wint in a hepatoma cell line susceptible to HCV infection blocked viral entry by inhibiting the interaction between the HCV envelope glycoproteins and CD81. This finding suggests that, in addition to the presence of specific entry factors in the hepatocytes, the lack of a specific inhibitor can contribute to the hepatotropism of HCV. This is the first example of a pathogen gaining entry into host cells that lack a specific inhibitory factor.
<p>Clusterin Deficiency Predisposes C57BL/6j Mice to Cationic Bovine Serum Albumin-Induced Glomerular Inflammation</p> (2020)

Our data suggest that a CLU deficiency induces cBSA-initiated glomerular inflammation of MN in a disease-resistant strain of mice, suggesting an anti-glomerular inflammatory function of CLU in the resistance to MN development. This function may be at least in part due to the formation of CLU-anti-cBSA Igs complex that prevents glomerular inflammation or injury in the disease-resistant mice.
BGP Auto Discovery (2019)

This document describes a method for automating portions of a
router's BGP configuration via discovery of BGP peers with which to
establish further sessions from an initial bootstrap router. This
method can apply for establishment of either Internal or External BGP
peering sessions.
Risk Factors for Indeterminate Outcome on Interferon Gamma Release Assay in Non-US-Born Persons Screened for Latent Tuberculosis Infection (2018)

Asian race and anemia/hypoalbuminemia were independent risk factors for an indeterminate IGRA outcome in foreign-born patients screened in the United States. Our study underscores the importance of following through on indeterminate results in these key subgroups.
Reflected beam illumination microscopy using a microfluidics device (Progress report) (2014)

The document is a progress report on a first generation rapid testing microfluidic device with integrated sidewall mirrors being conducted by the Sandia National Laboratories team.
ELECTRON BEAM EXCITATION AT SRRC BOOSTER DURING RAMPING BY USING A X-Y KICKER (2002)

Installation of a beam excitation kicker at the SRRC (Synchrotron Radiation Research Center) booster and its test results are described in this report. During the process of energy upgrading (from 1.3 GeV to 1.5 GeV) of the booster and its performance optimization, the tune tracking during beam acceleration plays an important rule for this purpose. In order to acquire these parameters efficiently, to improve the accelerator informative situation, and to provide tool for clarifying some coupling features during ramping, a pulsed magnetic kicker, capable of providing both horizontal and vertical excitation fields, has been installed and tested. Its effectiveness in obtaining useful tune drift information during ramping is presented. 1
One Color Extraction Method in Representation Techniques of Video Production (2014)

This study aims to get an effective marketing strategy in terms of business by introducing combined social video marketing and color marketing techniques. The method for research is in the range of research that implements highlighting techniques by extracting the core color and brand monochrome image, to analyze the specific process. The expected result is that the effects can contribute to the development and the activation of company or social video marketing of brand by using the new video production technique. Then, so as to propose a new video technique with the help of color marketing and the result of the analysis is utilized to know who use the effective activation and development of social video marketing in the future, and tries to present a technique for the new approach be. From the perspective of a company, the technique can effect in a positive way. They can provide consistent message to customers by the color effect which contains core message for brands. This technique is able to convey unique feeling and characteristic of the color, image and value of brand, concentrating peoples' sight on particular color when using black and white atmosphere. This can maximize its effect through emphasis through contrasting color, especially using color and non-color difference. At the same time this can utilize various way of expression through the effect gradually revealing color, without boring anybody. This paper expects this new way of expression and editing technique cause furthermore attempts on black and white in video making technique.
On the Sample Complexity of End-to-end Training vs. Semantic Abstraction\n Training (2016)

We compare the end-to-end training approach to a modular approach in which a\nsystem is decomposed into semantically meaningful components. We focus on the\nsample complexity aspect, in the regime where an extremely high accuracy is\nnecessary, as is the case in autonomous driving applications. We demonstrate\ncases in which the number of training examples required by the end-to-end\napproach is exponentially larger than the number of examples required by the\nsemantic abstraction approach.\n
Generalized Risk Zone: Selecting Observations for Classification (2008)

In this paper, we extend the risk zone concept by creating the Generalized Risk Zone. The Generalized Risk Zone is a model-independent scheme to select key observations in a sample set. The observations belonging to the Generalized Risk Zone have shown comparable, in some experiments even better, classification performance when compared to the use of the whole sample. The main tool that allows this extension is the Cauchy-Schwartz divergence, used as a measure of dissimilarity between probability densities. To overcome the setback concerning pdf's estimation, we used the ideas provided by the Information Theoretic Learning, allowing the calculation to be performed on the available observations only. We used the proposed methodology with Learning Vector Quantization, feedforward Neural Networks, Support Vector Machines, and Nearest Neighbors.
Chemistry of CpG DNA (2003)

The vertebrate immune system can recognize specific pathogen-associated molecular patterns in invading microorganisms, including the unmethylated CpG dinucleotide. This unit discusses the receptors that recognize CpG motifs and important aspects of the sequence context of CpG motifs to the end of understanding and designing CpG DNA for therapeutic purposes.
Interaction of small gold clusters with carbon nanotube bundles: formation of gold atomic chains (2010)

We use first-principles density functional theory to simulate the interaction of bundles of semiconducting (10, 0) and metallic (6, 6) carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with small gold clusters (Au(n), n = 3, 5) inserted in their interstitial spaces. We find that gold clusters spontaneously evolve to form atomic chains along the axis of nanotubes and induce weak metallicity in the semiconducting nanotubes through charge transfer. We further show that a similar structural evolution of Pt(3) clusters occurs in the interstitial spaces of a (10, 0) CNT bundle. Our calculations show that these structural changes, along with interesting changes in the electronic structure, occur at moderate pressures that are readily achievable in a laboratory, and should be relevant to devices that make use of gold-nanotube contacts.
Extended touch mobile user interfaces through sensor fusion (2013)

This article explores an efficient sensor fusion algorithm for detecting and classifying user taps on any neighboring surface even in the presence of various background acoustics. The fusion algorithm employs a tier classifier combining microphone and accelerometer detection of user taps on iOS platform resulting into 100%success rate for the datasets studied in this paper. Fusion of these two sensors eliminates the need for any added filtering, knowledge of precise sensor positioning or use of any specialized piezoelectric sensors, as has been done in past research, as well as gives a robust classification with high success-rate even as the signal to noise ratio significantly degrades.
Longitudinal strain sensing with photonic crystal fibers and fiber Bragg gratings (2014)

Photonic crystal fibers (PCF), sometimes also referred to as microstructured fibers (MSF), have been a subject of extensive research for over a decade. This is mainly due to the fact that by changing the geometry and distribution of the air holes the fiber properties can be significantly modified and tailored to specific applications. In this paper we present the results of a numerical analysis of the influence of the air-hole distribution on the sensitivity of the propagated modes’ effective refractive index to externally applied longitudinal strain. We propose an optimal strain sensitive fiber design, with a number of fibers drawn and experimentally evaluated to confirm the theoretical results. Furthermore as the direct measurement of the effective refractive index change may be complex and challenging in field environment, we propose to use fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) in our sensing set-up. As the Bragg wavelength is a function of the effective refractive index, the external strain changes can be monitored through the Bragg wavelength shift with a simple optical spectrometer. Moreover, since the PCF is also optimized for low-loss splicing with standard single mode fiber, our novel sensor head can be used with standard off-the-shelf components in complex multiplexed sensing arrays, with the measured signal transmitted to and from the sensor head by standard telecom fibers, which significantly reduces costs.