gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dampened Amphetamine-Stimulated Behavior and Altered Dopamine Transporter Function in the Absence of Brain GDNF (2017)

Midbrain dopamine neuron dysfunction contributes to various psychiatric and neurological diseases, including drug addiction and Parkinson's disease. Because of its well established dopaminotrophic effects, the therapeutic potential of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) has been studied extensively in various disorders with disturbed dopamine homeostasis. However, the outcomes from preclinical and clinical studies vary, highlighting a need for a better understanding of the physiological role of GDNF on striatal dopaminergic function. Nevertheless, the current lack of appropriate animal models has limited this understanding. Therefore, we have generated novel mouse models to study conditional <i>Gdnf</i> deletion in the CNS during embryonic development and reduction of striatal GDNF levels in adult mice via AAV-Cre delivery. We found that both of these mice have reduced amphetamine-induced locomotor response and striatal dopamine efflux. Embryonic GDNF deletion in the CNS did not affect striatal dopamine levels or dopamine release, but dopamine reuptake was increased due to increased levels of both total and synaptic membrane-associated dopamine transporters. Collectively, these results suggest that endogenous GDNF plays an important role in regulating the function of dopamine transporters in the striatum.<b>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT</b> Delivery of ectopic glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) promotes the function, plasticity, and survival of midbrain dopaminergic neurons, the dysfunction of which contributes to various neurological and psychiatric diseases. However, how the deletion or reduction of GDNF in the CNS affects the function of dopaminergic neurons has remained unknown. Using conditional <i>Gdnf</i> knock-out mice, we found that endogenous GDNF affects striatal dopamine homeostasis and regulates amphetamine-induced behaviors by regulating the level and function of dopamine transporters. These data regarding the physiological role of GDNF are relevant in the context of neurological and neurodegenerative diseases that involve changes in dopamine transporter function.
The role of xanthine dioxygenase in the biosynthetic pathway of 2-aza-8-oxohypoxanthine ofLepista sordida (2023)

2-Azahypoxanthine (AHX) and 2-aza-8-oxohypoxanthine (AOH), discovered as causal substances of fairy rings are known to be endogenous in the fairy ring-forming Lepista sordida. In this study, we showed that xanthine dioxygenase, an a-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase, might catalyze the conversion of AHX to AOH in the fungus. Furthermore, this enzyme is the first reported molybdopterin-independent protein of hypoxanthine metabolism.
A novel parametric macromodeling technique for electromagnetic structures with propagation delays (2017)

This work addresses the problem of building accurate and stable parametric macromodels for distributed electronic structures with propagation delays. First, reduced root macromodels are calculated by means of Delayed Vector Fitting technique at estimation points of the design space grid. Then, a suitable interpolation scheme for the delay trends and rational terms is proposed, preserving the model stability over the entire design space. The fundamentals of the identification scheme are discussed, and some insight on basic robustness and accuracy problems is provided. A couple of significant case studies are reported to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the presented technique.
Microfabrication of through holes in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) sheets using a laser plasma EUV source (Conference Presentation) (2017)

Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is a material used for cell culture substrates / bio-chips and micro total analysis systems / lab-on-chips due to its flexibility, chemical / thermo-dynamic stability, bio-compatibility, transparency and moldability. For further development, it is inevitable to develop a technique to fabricate precise three dimensional structures on micrometer-scale at high aspect ratio. In the previous works, we reported a technique for high-quality micromachining of PDMS without chemical modification, by means of photo direct machining using laser plasma EUV sources. In the present work, we have investigated fabrication of through holes. The EUV radiations around 10 nm were generated by irradiation of Ta targets with Nd:YAG laser light (10 ns, 500 mJ/pulse). The generated EUV radiations were focused using an ellipsoidal mirror. It has a narrower incident angle than those in the previous works in order to form a EUV beam with higher directivity, so that higher aspect structures can be fabricated. The focused EUV beam was incident on PDMS sheets with a thickness of 15 micrometers, through holes in a contact mask placed on top of them. Using a contact mask with holes with a diameter of three micrometers, complete through holes with a diameter of two micrometers are fabricated in the PDMS sheet. Using a contact mask with two micrometer holes, however, ablation holes almost reaches to the back side of the PDMS sheet. The fabricated structures can be explained in terms of geometrical optics. Thus, we have developed a technique for micromachining of PDMS sheets at high aspect ratios.
Novel integration of radiomics and deep transfer learning for diagnosis of indeterminate thyroid nodules on ultrasound (2023)

Identifying final pathology of FNA-indeterminant nodules before surgical resection could decrease the number of unnecessary surgeries and total cost to patients. This project explores how radiomics (RM) and deep learning (DTLM) models may be combined to improve the potential for clinical interpretability of machine learning models in the task of classifying indeterminant thyroid nodules on ultrasound. Two radiomic and deep learning combination models were created: a simple classifier combination model (SCM) and an interpretability-driven combination model (ICM). SCM provided a nodule malignancy score. ICM merged radiomic and deep learning features through correlation and provided echogenicity-related, composition-related, and shape/margin-related malignancy scores which were averaged to yield an overall nodule malignancy score. Models were trained and tested on a de-identified dataset of 476 grayscale ultrasound images collected under IRB approval containing 222 images from 69 indeterminant nodules with a final pathology of malignant and 254 images from 82 indeterminant nodules with a final pathology of benign. Models were tested using 5- fold cross-validation by nodule over 100 iterations. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was conducted with area under the ROC curve (AUC) serving as the statistic of merit for model performance. Models yielded mean AUC [95%CI] of 0.75 [.67,.83], 0.70 [.62,.78], 0.77 [0.70,0.84], 0.76 [.69,.84] for RM, DTLM, SCM, and ICM respectively. This work failed to demonstrate a statistically significant difference in model performances. However, the ICM presents a novel method for combining radiomics and deep learning features focused on improving interpretability for clinical implementation in the task of indeterminant thyroid nodule classification.
Abstract TP269: Therapeutic Application of an Angiotensin II Peptide Vaccine in a Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Model in Rats (2016)

Background &amp; purposes: Although there were a number of studies that apply angiotensin II (Ang II) peptide vaccine to treat hypertension, no therapeutic attempt has been made to show efficacy of Ang II peptide vaccine for ischemia stroke. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether pre-exposure Ang II vaccination exhibits the cerebroprotective effects after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (p-MCAo) in rats. Methods: After subcutaneous injection of Ang II peptide vaccine (10μg/200μl) or saline (200μl) to Wistar rats (male, 4week-old) at the time point of 4, 6 and 7 week-old, MCAo or sham surgery was performed at 8 week-old. Neurological function was evaluated at 24 hours of MCAo using Neurological Severity Score (NSS). The plasma Ang II antibody titer or brain parenchymal Ang II antibody level was quantified using ELISA. Serial sections were stained with cresyl violet to measure infarction volume. Neuronal degeneration and oxidative stress were evaluated using Fluoro Jade B (FJB) and 4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) staining. The expression of brain renin-angiotensin-system (RAS) components or NOX2 was quantified using real-time PCR. Results: Systemic blood pressure was not affected by vaccination. Infarction volume 24 hours after MCAo was reduced not in plasma low-titer (Lo) group (OD50%&lt;6000) but in plasma high-titer (Hi) group (OD50%≧6000) compared with saline (S) group, thus Hi group was defined as vaccine treated (V) group. Parenchymal anti-Ang II antibody level in the ischemic hemisphere was significantly higher in Hi group compared with Lo group. Both FJB positive neurons and 4-HNE positive cells were significantly decreased in V group. The expression of brain AngII type 1 receptor mRNA and brain NOX2 mRNA were less in V group compared with S group. Amelioration on neurological function was observed because of low score of neurological severity score in V group. Conclusions: Prior vaccination ameliorates ischemic injury and neurological function in p-MCAo rats. The inhibitory effects against brain RAS and /or its anti-oxidative effects in the ischemic lesion were the suggested mechanisms of Ang II peptide vaccine in cerebral ischemia. Therapeutic vaccination targeting Ang II may provide a new approach to treat cerebral ischemia.
Supramolecular Structures and Photoelectronic Properties of the Inclusion Complex of a Cyclic Free‐Base Porphyrin Dimer and C60 (2010)

A cyclic free-base porphyrin dimer H4-CPD(Py) (CPD = cyclic porphyrin dimer) linked by butadiyne moieties bearing 4-pyridyl groups self-assembles to form a novel porphyrin nanotube in the crystalline state. The cyclic molecules link together through nonclassical C-H⋅⋅⋅N hydrogen bonds and π–π interactions of the pyridyl groups along the crystallographic a axis. H4-CPD(Py) includes a C60 molecule in its cavity in solution. In the crystal structure of the inclusion complex (C60⊂H4-CPD(Py)), the dimer “bites” a C60 molecule by tilting the porphyrin rings with respect to each other, and there are strong π–π interactions between the porphyrin rings and C60. The included C60 molecules form a zigzag chain along the crystallographic b axis through van der Waals contacts with each other. Femtosecond laser flash photolysis of C60⊂H4-CPD(Py) in the solid state with photoexcitation at 420 nm shows the formation of a completely charge-separated state {H4-CPD(Py)·+ + C60·−}, which decays with a lifetime of 470 ps to the ground state. The charge-carrier mobility of the single crystal of C60⊂H4-CPD(Py) was determined by flash photolysis time-resolved microwave conductivity (FP-TRMC) measurements. C60⊂H4-CPD(Py) has an anisotropic charge mobility (Σμ = 0.16 and 0.13 cm2 V(−1) s(−1)) along the zigzag chain of C60 (which runs at 45° and parallel to the crystallographic b axis). To construct a photoelectrochemical cell, C60⊂H4-CPD(Py) was deposited onto nanostructured SnO2 films on a transparent electrode. The solar cell exhibited photovoltaic activity with an incident photon to current conversion efficiency of 17%.
Health care application of gas sensors (2015)

人間の生体情報を非侵襲的に得る呼気等の生体ガスモニタリング技術において、呼気分析システムが広く普及するためにはシステムの低コスト化が必須となる。この研究では、複ガスセンサ素子単体に十分な感度とガス選択性を持たせることにより、複雑な前処理システムを必要とせず、かつ医療診断が可能なレベルまでの高性能な呼気ガス検知機器の作製を目標として、センサデバイスおよび検知機の開発を行った。センサおよび検知機器開発に必要な構成要素を、社会的なニーズという境界条件に合わせて、各要素の特長を最大に引き出すことができた。
Scalable Application- and User-aware Resource Allocation in Enterprise\n Networks Using End-host Pacing (2018)

Scalable user- and application-aware resource allocation for heterogeneous\napplications sharing an enterprise network is still an unresolved problem. The\nmain challenges are: (i) How to define user- and application-aware shares of\nresources? (ii) How to determine an allocation of shares of network resources\nto applications? (iii) How to allocate the shares per application in\nheterogeneous networks at scale? In this paper we propose solutions to the\nthree challenges and introduce a system design for enterprise deployment.\nDefining the necessary resource shares per application is hard, as the intended\nuse case and user's preferences influence the resource demand. Utility\nfunctions based on user experience enable a mapping of network resources in\nterms of throughput and latency budget to a common user-level utility scale. A\nmulti-objective MILP is formulated to solve the throughput- and delay-aware\nembedding of each utility function for a max-min fairness criteria. The\nallocation of resources in traditional networks with policing and scheduling\ncannot distinguish large numbers of classes. We propose a resource allocation\nsystem design for enterprise networks based on Software-Defined Networking\nprinciples to achieve delay-constrained routing in the network and application\npacing at the end-hosts. The system design is evaluated against best effort\nnetworks with applications competing for the throughput of a constrained link.\nThe competing applications belong to the five application classes web browsing,\nfile download, remote terminal work, video streaming, and Voice-over-IP. The\nresults show that the proposed methodology improves the minimum and total\nutility, minimizes packet loss and queuing delay at bottlenecks, establishes\nfairness in terms of utility between applications, and achieves predictable\napplication performance at high link utilization.\n
Haptic Security PIN Entry System Using Magnetic Repulsive Force (2011)

The security of authentication processes in public spaces is undermined by the risk of observation attack. One solution to this problem is the use of non-visual, haptics based authentication techniques. However, despite the recent development of numerous haptic authentication methods the technology underneath these systems is still based on mechanical movable parts, which emit sound. By recording the leaked sound and analyzing the patterns, an attacker can potentially recover the original password or PIN, reducing or minimizing the beneficial aspects of haptic-based authentication methods. This paper proposes a technical solution to this problem by introducing a simple haptic input device based on the electromagnetic repulsive force generated between magnets and digitally controlled solenoid coils. This interface does not leak auditory information and is suitable for use with authentication techniques and processes previously presented in the literature.
Enhanced Reactivity in Homogeneous Gold Catalysis through Hydrogen Bonding (2014)

Additives that are good hydrogen-bond acceptors increase the efficiency of gold-catalyzed reactions in those instances where protodeauration is the rate-determining step. The efficiency of additives capable of hydrogen-bonding-assisted protodeauration correlated with their standing in a scale of hydrogen bonding basicity (measured by pKBHX). All additives used in the study are commercially available.
Huge impact of compressive strain on phase transition temperatures in epitaxial ferroelectric KxNa1−xNbO3 thin films (2019)

We present a study in which ferroelectric phase transition temperatures in epitaxial KxNa1−xNbO3 films are altered systematically by choosing different (110)-oriented rare-earth scandate substrates and by variation of the potassium to sodium ratio. Our results prove the capability to continuously shift the ferroelectric-to-ferroelectric transition from the monoclinic MC to orthorhombic c-phase by about 400 °C via the application of anisotropic compressive strain. The phase transition was investigated in detail by monitoring the temperature dependence of ferroelectric domain patterns using piezoresponse force microscopy and upon analyzing structural changes by means of high resolution X-ray diffraction including X-ray reciprocal space mapping. Moreover, the temperature evolution of the effective piezoelectric coefficient d33,f was determined using double beam laser interferometry, which exhibits a significant dependence on the particular ferroelectric phase.
Investigation of basic imaging properties in digital radiography. 13. Effect of simple structured noise on the detectability of simulated stenotic lesions (1989)

We investigated the effects of structured background noise on the detectability of stenotic lesions. Digital subtraction angiographic (DSA) images of stenotic blood vessels were simulated and superimposed onto uniform noise samples. Eighteen-alternative forced choice (18-AFC) experiments were employed to determine the detectability of the stenotic lesion in the structured-noise background of a blood vessel. In this study, the dependence of detectability on lesion size, vessel size, and incident x-ray exposure was examined. Our results indicate that the presence of structured noise in an image will reduce the detectability of a lesion. However, the relative performance of an observer when the lesion size and incident exposure were varied was the same with and without the presence of the structured background. Thus, conclusions obtained previously with regard to changes in the detectability of a lesion in the presence of uniform background noise can be applied directly to conditions in which simple structured anatomic background is present.
Age‐Hardening of Dual Phase Mg‐Sc Alloy AT 573 K (2016)

In this study, we investigated the effect of aging treatment at 573 K on hardness in Mg-Sc alloy with bcc/hcp dual phase prepared by annealing at 873 K. It was found that hardness abruptly increased after some incubation time, and then reached steady state level. Moreover, by further aging, the hardness increased again. It was confirmed by SEM observation and XRD that the initial drastic hardening was due to the precipitation of α phase. Furthermore, XRD results suggested that the secondary hardening was attributed to the formation of MgSc phase with ordered B2 structure.
Modeling and Shape Control of Piezoelectric Actuator Embedded Elastic Plates (1994)

Future technologies in microsensing, microactuation, active changes in shapes of aerofoils and turbine blades justify and necessitate a comprehensive study of piezo actuators for shape control of structures. Piezo materials have the property to develop strain on applying voltage and voltage on applying strain, hence, these materials are useful both as sensors and actuators. If a piezo actuator is bonded to a substrate plate, on applying voltages, the resulting strain in the actuator induces a deflection in the plate. This deflection is a function of geometry, material properties of ac tuator and substrate, layout of piezo actuators, and voltage inputs to the actuators. The objectives of this paper are: (a) to develop a mathematical model for deflection of a thin plate embedded with piezo actuators using elastic plate theory, (b) to compute plate deflection by solving the mathematical model using finite difference technique, and (c) to estimate optimal actuation voltages to match the deflection of the plate to a desired deflection.
Transient absorption and lifetime imaging with ground state recovery pump-probe optical coherence tomography (2006)

We have developed a novel imaging technique, ground state recovery pump-probe optical coherence tomography (gsrPPOCT), which measures the transient absorption and recovery time of the ground state of a target chromophore or chromophores. By imaging the molecular absorption as opposed to the fluorescence of the target contrast agent, gsrPPOCT helps to fill a valuable niche for imaging biologically important molecules which do not fluoresce. The majority of biologically active molecules are non fluorescent. Here we present gsrPPOCT imaging of natural and transfected chromophores in living animal and plant tissues, as well as the first gsrPPOCT measurements of the ground state recovery time of a molecular chromophore, which may be used to deduce the relative concentrations of a mixture of chromophores.
All-Optical Network Topologies Based on Expander Graphs (1995)

All-optical networks are networks for which all data paths remain optical from input to output. We discuss a class of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) networks that are homogeneous in the sense that each node contains both an input/output port and a switch. We focus on permutation routing problem and first present a lower bound on the number of wavelengths required for permutation routing as a function of the size and degree of the network. We then use a network topology based on expander graphs and derive an expression for the number of wavelengths that are sufficient for the permutation routing problem. We present these numbers as asymptotic upper bounds for very large networks.
Agonists of the Follicle Stimulating Hormone Receptor from an Encoded Thiazolidinone Library (2003)

The design, synthesis, characterization, and screening of a large, encoded thiazolidinone library are described. Three sets of 35 building blocks were combined by encoded split-pool synthesis to give a library containing more than 42 000 members. Building block selection was based in part on a novel small molecule follicle stimulating hormone receptor agonist hit and in part for diversity. HPLC/MS techniques were applied at the single-bead level to build confidence in the reliability of library construction. Application of two distinct screening strategies resulted in the identification of compounds with significantly improved potency over the initial hit. This work demonstrates the versatility of encoded libraries for preparing a large number of analogues of a given hit while simultaneously generating a large collection of compounds for screening against other targets.
Photothermal Optical Coherence Tomography of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in Live Cells Using Immunotargeted Gold Nanospheres (2008)

Molecular imaging is a powerful tool for investigating disease processes and potential therapies in both in vivo and in vitro systems. However, high resolution molecular imaging has been limited to relatively shallow penetration depths that can be accessed with microscopy. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an optical analogue to ultrasound with relatively good penetration depth (1-2 mm) and resolution (approximately 1-10 microm). We have developed and characterized photothermal OCT as a molecular contrast mechanism that allows for high resolution molecular imaging at deeper penetration depths than microscopy. Our photothermal system consists of an amplitude-modulated heating beam that spatially overlaps with the focused spot of the sample arm of a spectral-domain OCT microscope. Validation experiments in tissuelike phantoms containing gold nanospheres that absorb at 532 nm revealed a sensitivity of 14 ppm nanospheres (weight/weight) in a tissuelike environment. The nanospheres were then conjugated to anti-EGFR, and molecular targeting was confirmed in cells that overexpress EGFR (MDA-MB-468) and cells that express low levels of EGFR (MDA-MB-435). Molecular imaging in three-dimensional tissue constructs was confirmed with a significantly lower photothermal signal (p<0.0001) from the constructs composed of cells that express low levels of EGFR compared to the overexpressing cell constructs (300% signal increase). This technique could potentially augment confocal and multiphoton microscopy as a method for deep-tissue, depth-resolved molecular imaging with relatively high resolution and target sensitivity, without photobleaching or cytotoxicity.
Development of in situ methods for battery using a THz chemical microscope (2018)

It is important to measure the special deviation of electrochemical reactions on electrodes to improve the performance of batteries. Here, electrochemical measurement using THz chemical microscope with a sealed container was applied for measurements.