gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular Imaging Using Raman Scattering (2021)

This chapter introduces Raman scattering as a promising imaging modality in the biomedical field. We will discuss the history of how Raman scattering was discovered and explain the underlying principles. In the next section, the application of Raman spectroscopy in discriminating normal from diseased tissues, by probing their chemical compositions, will be addressed. Then, coherent Raman scattering and its underlying mechanism are discussed, and how it can be used to directly and indirectly demarcate the infiltrative tumor margins during surgery. Lastly, contrast-enhanced Raman imaging, which uses exogenous molecularly targeted surface-enhanced Raman scattering nanoparticles to highlight disease and disease markers will be discussed to further outline the role of Raman imaging in biomedical applications.
Demand for micro-insurance of health among informal workers: a discrete choice experiment in India (2019)

Micro-Insurance of Health (MHI) is considered as one of the possible instruments in reducing impoverishing effects of catastrophic out-of-pocket healthcare expenditure for the households in lower-income strata of the developing countries. MHI schemes can complement a publicly funded healthcare system within a specific local context. The present study attempts to investigate the demand for MHI among informal workforce using a Discrete Choice Experiment (DCE). In any DCE application we can determine the characteristics that describe a product and to what extent the respondent is willing to trade-off one characteristic to another. Our DCE in West Bengal (India) suggests that, any MHI scheme with low premium, transport coverage, full family coverage, cash-back facility and comprehensive benefit will encourage enrolment.
Verification of Function Approximations (2013)

Unfortunately, the benets function approximators provide also limits the ability of system analysts or designers to verify that both functional and safety requirements are met while function approximation is in use. In this paper, we describe an approach to addressing the challenges in the verication of a set of popular function approximators.
Mobile Summarizer and News Summary Navigator (2016)

Mobile devices such as smart phones and tablets are omnipresent in modern societies. Such devices allow browsing the Internet. This paper briefly describes two tools for news article summarization in mobile devices that attempts to automatically collect and sieve the most important information of news article in WebPages.
Efficient Low-Loss Adaptive Optical Filters Based on Silicon Oxycarbide - Liquid Crystal Hybrid Technology (2019)

We present results from experimental investigations on adaptive optical filters based on a silicon oxycarbide — liquid crystal hybrid technology and show that the transmission characteristics can be adjusted by low voltage digital driving signals.
Biofuels 2020: Biorefineries based on lignocellulosic materials (2016)

The production of liquid biofuels to blend with gasoline is of worldwide importance to secure the energy supply while reducing the use of fossil fuels, supporting the development of rural technology with knowledge-based jobs and mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. Today, engineering for plant construction is accessible and new processes using agricultural residues and municipal solid wastes have reached a good degree of maturity and high conversion yields (almost 90% of polysaccharides are converted into monosaccharides ready for fermentation). For the complete success of the 2G technology, it is still necessary to overcome a number of limitations that prevent a first-of-a-kind plant from operating at nominal capacity. We also claim that the triumph of 2G technology requires the development of favourable logistics to guarantee biomass supply and make all actors (farmers, investors, industrial entrepreneurs, government, others) aware that success relies on agreement advances. The growth of ethanol production for 2020 seems to be secured with a number of 2G plants, but public/private investments are still necessary to enable 2G technology to move on ahead from its very early stages to a more mature consolidated technology.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Aldol Reactions of γ‐Thiobutyrolactone: The Benzaldehyde Anomaly. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Virtual-bike emulation in a series-parallel human-powered electric bike (2023)

Combining the advantages of standard bicycles and electrified vehicles, electric bikes (e-Bikes) are promising vehicles to reduce emission and traffic. The current literature on e-Bikes ranges from works on the energy management to the vehicle control to properly govern the human-vehicle interaction. This last point is fundamental in chain-less series bikes, where the link between the human and the vehicle behavior is only given by a control law. In this work, we address this problem in a series-parallel bike. In particular, we provide an extension of the virtual-chain concept, born for series bikes, and then we improve it developing a virtual-bike framework. Experimental results are used to validate the effectiveness of the solutions, when the cyclist is actually riding the bike.
Full-ZVS modulation for all-SiC ISOP-type isolated front end (IFE) solid-state transformer (2016)

Thanks to their comparatively low system complexity, SSTs based on an isolated front end (IFE) approach are suitable for space and weight-constrained medium voltage (MV) AC to low voltage (LV) DC power supply applications, e.g., in future traction, naval, subsea or aerospace systems. The IFE approach connects series resonant isolation stages operating in the half-cycle discontinuous-conduction-mode (HC-DCM) directly to the MV AC grid in an input-series, output-parallel (ISOP) configuration, but the entire control, i.e., the shaping of the grid current for unity power factor and output voltage regulation, is carried out by a second, non-isolated conversion stage on the LV side. However, since the isolation stages do not operate with a DC but with an AC or |AC| input voltage, the transformer magnetizing current available for ZVS as well as the voltage to be switched vary over the grid period. Taking into account also component tolerances among the cascaded converter cells, this paper provides an in-depth analysis of the ZVS behavior under these conditions, and of the associated losses and EMI considerations, presenting a loss-optimal choice of the magnetizing inductance value and of the dead time (interlock time) of the isolation stages' bridge legs. A time-dependent variation of the latter to achieve ZVS over the entire grid period without an increase of the isolation stage losses is proposed. The considerations are verified at the example of the Swiss SST (S <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> T), an all-SiC 25 kW, 6.6 kV MVAC to 400 V LVDC converter system, using a detailed simulation model, including non-linear MOSFET capacitances.
Interaction of Oxygen Carrying Microparticles with Blood Components and Clearance from Blood Stream (1988)

The stable microparticles (polymeric liposomes) having a synthetic heme-imidazole complex and carrying oxygen were studied in the interaction with blood components in vitro. They did not induce hemolysis, platelet aggregation and plasma coagulation directly and were stable against the hydrolysis by phospholipases. Intravenous injection of the 14C-labeled particles into rats indicated the half-disappearance time from the blood stream of ca. 14 hr. Their tissue distribution was analyzed with time by autoradiography.The authors have demonstrated that a stable synthetic oxygen carrier can be prepared by embedding a synthetic heme complex into the hydrophobic region of lipid bilayers of liposomes (1–4). By the use of polymeric liposomes (5), we have succeeded in preparing a stable solution of high heme concentration (6). The new oxygen-carrying aqueous solution had physical properties similar to those of whole blood. To elucidate the further possibility of the micro-particles as red blood cell models, the interaction with blood components in vitro and the behavior in the circulation in vivo are described in this communication.
High-Efficiency Photocatalytic H2O2 Production in a Dual Optical– and Membrane–Fiber System (2023)

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is widely used for industrial applications. Currently, ∼95% of H2O2 production employs the energy- and chemical-intensive anthraquinone oxidation process. Photocatalytic H2O2 production is an emerging alternative process. While advanced material discovery has been a primary focus of photocatalysis, breakthroughs in reactor designs capable of supporting novel materials are lacking. To enable low-energy and chemical-free photocatalytic production of H2O2, we integrated visible-light-emitting diodes (41 mW cm–2), optical fibers, and O2-delivering hollow-fiber membranes. A stable iron-based metal–organic framework photocatalyst (MIL-101(Fe)) activated by visible light was permanently affixed to the optical fiber, resulting in a uniform and high specific surface area (2650 m2 g–1). The combination of photocatalytic optical fiber and O2-permeable hollow-fiber membranes is a novel architecture for improving light utilization, photocatalyst reuse, and O2 supply. The H2O2 production rate in pure water was as high as 290 mM h–1 catalyst-g–1, which is as much as 60-fold greater than the best-reported values using photocatalytic slurries. The efficient delivery of light also achieved a low energy cost for H2O2 production (2.3 kWh kgH2OH2O2–1), and its production rate could be sustained for at least five repeated cycles (2 h per cycle). Energy-efficient H2O2 production without chemical inputs makes the dual-fiber system a more sustainable option for H2O2 production.
<title>Optical-feedback-induced chaos and its control in semiconductor lasers</title> (1993)

In this paper we describe some of the effects of external optical feedback (OFB) on semiconductor lasers by simulation of the stochastic rate equations. Particular attention is paid to the laser's transition to optical chaos. In addition, we describe three techniques for avoiding this chaotic regime. The technique of high frequency injection, used in optical recording, can delay the onset of chaos till very high values of OFB. Experimental results are given and are in excellent agreement with the theory. A second technique called occasional proportional feedback can be used with some success to stabilize the chaotic output of semiconductor lasers. The final technique for controlling chaos consists of the optimization of various system and laser parameters so that the laser is least susceptible to OFB.
Quality assurance for continuous renal replacement therapies (2009)

Abstract Chapter 30 discusses quality assurance for CRRT, including definitions.
Foreword by the guest editors: Bioinorganic Chemistry: Heme Proteins and Enzymes (2000)

The field of biological inorganic chemistry (bioinorganic chemistry) has undergone explosive growth in recent years.I n this special issue of the Israel Jolournul of Chemistry, we decided lo highlight an important subarea dealing with heme proteins and their model complexes.The first contribution, by Ghosh and Gonzalez.employs modern computational methods in an investigation of fundamental electronic properties of selected porphyrins, This is followed by the paper of Trautwein, Walker, and coworkers, who utilize spectroscopic methods in their study of model heme-NO complexes.The third paper, by Spiro and eoworkew.demonstrates that Raman spectroscopy is an excellent tool to probe heme proteins themselves.In the following papers, methods for investigating conformational changes in cytochromes are presented by Mauk and coworkers, and the binding properties of heme eazymw are addressed by Brunori and coworkers and by Hoffman and coworkers.In a paper dealing with function.Poulos and coworkers report electron transfer in a cytochromc P-450 that has been modified by an inorganic complex.Next, Wang and coworkers show that biological modification (mutation) can be used to investigate substrate access to the active site of cytochrome P-450, In the final paper, Hager and coworkers report mutants of chloropemxidase that are suprior in certain aspects to the wild-type enzyme.We hope that this issue will be the first in a series in [he iidd of bioinorganic chemistry.There are many more subareas of the field that need to be covered!
Recent Advances in the Solid-Phase Combinatorial Synthetic Strategies for the Benzodiazepine Based Privileged Structures (2005)

Benzodiazepine based heterocycles can be prepared efficiently on solid-support by employing different approaches. In this review, an effort has been made to highlight academic and industrial examples of combinatorial synthesis for this type of heterocycles published in the last decade. Therefore, it describes synthetic strategies for the generation of benzodiazepine privileged structures employing the corresponding resin-bound substrates. Further, the most relevant biological properties of these heterocycles have also been incorporated.
Dynamics of Multibody Systems With Variable Kinematic Structure (1986)

The problem of predicting the dynamic behavior of a general multibody system subject to kinematic structure changes is addressed using a mixed set of Lagrangian coordinates. Changes in the kinematic structure may occur smoothly or accompanied by a change in the system momenta. The finite element method is employed to estimate the modal characteristics of flexible bodies. An automated pieced-interval computational scheme that accounts for the change in the dynamic characteristics due to the imposition of new sets of constraints on the boundaries of flexible components is developed. The resulting change in the deformation modes and the associated change in basis of the configuration space requires a new set of generalized coordinates for each subinterval of the analysis. A numerical example is used to demonstrate the analysis scheme developed in this paper.
Using superpixels to improve the efficiency of Laplacian Eigenmap based methods for target detection in hyperspectral imagery (2016)

LE-based methods have been shown to be effective for target detection in HSI. However, they can be slow due to the costly graph construction and eigenvector computation steps. In this paper, we proposed including a step of pre-segmenting an HSI into superpixels prior to dimensionality reduction. Carrying out experiments on an HIS from the SHARE 2012 data campaign, we show that incorporating superpixels in the BNC target detection method can yield much faster computation times without sacrificing accuracy. When incorporated in SE-based target detection, superpixels do cause a slight decrease in accuracy. Future work involves a more thorough validation on multiple datasets, and testing whether or not the inclusion of superpixels is useful for other target detection algorithms.
Transcription factor-based biosensors for detecting dicarboxylic acids (2023)

The invention provides methods and compositions for detecting dicarboxylic acids using a transcription factor biosensor.
Chemical gradient‐mediated melting curve analysis for genotyping of SNPs (2009)

This report describes a microfluidic solid-phase chemical gradient-mediated melting curve analysis method for SNP analysis. The method is based on allele-specific denaturation to discriminate mismatched (MM) from perfectly matched (PM) DNA duplexes upon exposure to linear chemical gradient. PM and MM DNA duplexes conjugated on beads are captured in a microfluidic gradient generator device designed with dams, keeping the beads trapped perpendicular to a gradient generating channel. Two denaturants, formamide and urea, were tested for their ability to destabilize the DNA duplex by competing with Watson-Crick pairing. Upon exposure to the chemical gradient, rapid denaturing profile was monitored in real time using fluorescence microscopy. The results show that the two duplexes exhibit different kinetics of denaturation profiles, enabling discrimination of MM from PM DNA duplexes to score SNP.
Degradation products formed from long‐chain PUFA during deodorization of fish oil (2007)

Abstract Omega‐3 long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC‐PUFA) are sensitive to heat and may be destroyed by thermal processes such as deodorization. For example, deodorization of fish oil may induce polymerization, geometrical isomerization and cyclization of eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids. In this paper, we review our main findings on the effects of deodorization at three different temperatures on semi‐refined fish oil LC‐PUFA. Cyclic structures have been elucidated and mechanisms responsible for ring formation have been discussed. Polymers were found to be the most abundant degradation products formed during fish oil deodorization. A method for quantitative measurement of geometrical isomers of EPA and DHA by gas‐liquid chromatography (GLC) has been developed and validated. Overall assessment of the results obtained with this method suggests that deodorization at temperatures above 180°C affects the quality and the content of LC‐PUFA in fish oil.
Single‐Site Carbon‐Supported Metal‐Oxo Complexes in Heterogeneous Catalysis: Structure, Reactivity, and Mechanism (2023)

Abstract When early transition metal complexes are molecularly grafted onto catalyst supports, well‐defined, surface‐bound species are created, which are highly active and selective single‐site heterogeneous catalysts (SSHCs) for diverse chemical transformations. In this minireview, we analyze and summarize a less conventional type of SSHC in which molybdenum dioxo species are grafted onto unusual carbon‐unsaturated scaffolds, such as activated carbon, reduced graphene oxide, and carbon nanohorns. The choice of earth‐abundant, low‐toxicity, versatile metal constituents, and various carbon supports illustrates “catalyst by design” principles and yields insights into new catalytic systems of both academic and technological interest. Here, we summarize experimental and computational investigations of the bonding, electronic structure, reaction scope, and mechanistic pathways of these unusual catalysts.
Polyglucose nanoparticles with renal elimination and macrophage avidity facilitate PET imaging in ischaemic heart disease (2017)

Tissue macrophage numbers vary during health versus disease. Abundant inflammatory macrophages destruct tissues, leading to atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction and heart failure. Emerging therapeutic options create interest in monitoring macrophages in patients. Here we describe positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with <sup>18</sup>F-Macroflor, a modified polyglucose nanoparticle with high avidity for macrophages. Due to its small size, Macroflor is excreted renally, a prerequisite for imaging with the isotope flourine-18. The particle's short blood half-life, measured in three species, including a primate, enables macrophage imaging in inflamed cardiovascular tissues. Macroflor enriches in cardiac and plaque macrophages, thereby increasing PET signal in murine infarcts and both mouse and rabbit atherosclerotic plaques. In PET/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) experiments, Macroflor PET imaging detects changes in macrophage population size while molecular MRI reports on increasing or resolving inflammation. These data suggest that Macroflor PET/MRI could be a clinical tool to non-invasively monitor macrophage biology.
ALD-metal uncooled bolometer (2011)

This paper presents an uncooled infrared bolometer using a metal thin film that is formed by atomic layer deposition (ALD). Nanometer-thick freestanding layers enabled by ALD have the potential to improve the performance of bolometers with achieving low thermal conductance and near optimal optical properties. The fabrication and characterization of the first implementation are described as well as the electrical properties of ALD platinum films.
Interactive sound source localization using robot audition for tablet devices (2015)

This paper investigates localization of sound sources in a real environment using a tablet device. For the localization, we use build-in sensors on a tablet device and additionally mount a cover with a microphone array. Because of the flat shape and limited sensor performance, the localization has mainly the following three issues; 1) the flat microphone array allows only azimuth estimation but elevation estimation; 2) the measurement noise of built-in sensors degrades the direction of arrival estimation performance; 3) the direction of arrival is not sufficient information to localize sound sources in three dimensional space to explore. To solve these issues, we propose interactive sound source localization using robot audition. For 1), we propose elevation estimation by integrating sound azimuth estimation and device motion information under an active audition framework in robot audition. For 2), we introduced a constrained optimization to robustify the direction of arrival estimation. For 3), we propose an interactive interface based on augmented reality for tablet devices, which navigates the device camera view to sound sources to explore. The proposed system was evaluated both subjectively and objectively and showed validity in real cases of sound source localization.
Factors in Free Fasciocutaneous Flap Complications (2015)

The implications of these findings can be used to contain cost and minimize poor outcomes within the health care system.
Overview of the spacecraft design for the Psyche mission concept (2018)

In January 2017, Psyche and a second mission concept were selected by NASA for flight as part of the 14th Discovery mission competition. Assigned for an initial launch date in 2023, the Psyche team was given direction shortly after selection to research the possibility for earlier opportunities. Ultimately, the team was able to identify a launch opportunity in 2022 with a reduced flight time to its destination. This was accomplished in large part to crosscutting trades centered on the electrical power subsystem. These trades were facilitated through the Psyche mission's planned use of Solar Electric Propulsion (SEP), which enables substantial flexibility with respect to trajectory design. In combination with low-thrust trajectory analysis tools, the team was able to robustly converge to solutions with a higher fidelity and accuracy of results. These trades also took advantage of the 1300 series product line produced by Space Systems Loral (SSL), which enabled power growth while maintaining strong system-level heritage through its modular design that has been utilized on a large number of geostationary (GEO) communications satellites. This paper presents an overview of the Psyche mission concept, and the unique architecture that enables the use of commercially developed electric propulsion and space power systems from Space Systems Loral to provide flexibility in mission design. This paper then discusses the trades that allowed the Psyche team to meet a 2022 launch date.