gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Copolymerization of carbon dioxide and propylene oxide with supported diethylzinc catalysts (1979)

Abstract Diethylzinc was allowed to react with various metal oxides in n ‐heptane at 60°C, and the copolymerization of propylene oxide and carbon dioxide was investigated at 60°C in solution in dioxane with reaction products as catalysts. An alternate copolymer was obtained with every catalyst, but the yield of copolymer and the number‐average molecular weight depended significantly on the supporting materials. In a kinetic study of the copolymerization we found that the catalytic efficiency (number of propagating species per number of zinc supported) was only a few percent with every catalyst. The copolymerization was also examined by using several kinds of silica, whose pore diameters are markedly different, as supports. The results obtained strongly suggested that only the active species existing in large pores act as the propagating species.
Method and system for vehicle refueling (2023)

Methods and systems are provided for facilitating refueling operations in vehicles operating with multiple fuels. A vehicle operator may be assisted in refueling the multiple fuel tanks of the vehicle by being provided one or more refueling profiles that take into account the vehicle&#x27;s future trip plans, the predicted environmental conditions along a planned route, and the operator&#x27;s preferences.
Deposits of terminal complement complex (TCC) in muscularis mucosae and submucosal vessels in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease of the colon. (1989)

Extensively washed, ethanol fixed and paraffin embedded colonic specimens from 15 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and nine patients with Crohn's disease (CD) of the colon, ileal specimens from six patients with CD of the ileum, and histologically normal control specimens obtained from 10 patients operated for colonic carcinoma, were examined by immunohistochemistry with a monoclonal antibody specific for a neoepitope in the C9 part of the terminal complement complex (TCC). The submucosal blood vessels in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) showed significantly more TCC positivity than the controls, and vascular TCC deposition was statistically related (p less than 0.001) to degree of inflammation. Five of the six ileal CD specimens contained likewise vascular TCC deposits. In addition, five UC specimens and one colonic CD specimen contained TCC-positive fibrils in the muscularis mucosae or submucosa. There was no significant difference in vascular TCC deposits between UC and CD. The results suggested that terminal complement activation takes place in the intestinal lesions of IBD.
Longitudinal asymmetry and its effect on pseudorapidity distributions in Pb–Pb collisions at sNN=2.76 TeV (2018)

First results on the longitudinal asymmetry and its effect on the pseudorapidity distributions in Pb-Pb collisions at
Synthesis and Characterization of Photosensitive Polyimides for Optical Applications (2001)

The objective of this research was to prepare colorless photosensitive polyimides for optical applications. In the first approach to these materials two new photosensitive end-capping agents, i.e., 6-(4-aminophenoxy)hexyl methacrylate and di[2-(methacryloyloxyethyl)] 5-aminoisophthalate, for polyimides were prepared. These agents were used along with 2,2-bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)hexafluoropropane dianhydride (6FDA) and 2,2‘-bis(trifluoromethyl)-4,4‘-diaminobiphenyl to prepare a series of methacrylate end-capped imide oligomers. However, the oligomers required long exposures to UV radiation to affect cure. To improve their photosensitivity, multifunctional additives and photoinitiators were used. A tetrafunctional end-capped oligomer that contained 10 wt % trimethylolpropane triacrylate and 5 wt % trimethylbenzoyldiphenyl phosphine oxide (TMDPO) was photosensitive and displayed good photopatterning properties. A second approach to the desired materials involved the synthesis of a diamine monomer, i.e., 2,2‘-dimethacryloyloxy-4,4‘-diaminobiphenyl, in which methacrylate moieties were attached to the 2- and 2‘-positions of a biphenyl structure. The monomer was polymerized with commercially available dianhydrides such as 6FDA and 4,4‘-oxydiphthalic anhydride. The polyimides obtained were soluble in common organic solvents such as THF, acetone, and chloroform and could be solution cast into thin, water-white films that were highly transparent in the visible light region. The polymers were photosensitive when combined with 5 wt % TMDPO and displayed good photopatterning properties. The polymers, which afforded line patterns 10−30 μm wide and 5−20 μm thick, did not develop color or shrink during UV exposure and subsequent thermal treatments.
Multilayer Silicon Nitride Based Coupler Integrated into a Silicon Photonics Platform with 0.5 dB Coupling Loss between Standard SMF and the As-Diced Chip Edge Facet (2019)

We experimentally demonstrate <0.5 dB coupling loss with <0.3 dB variation over the O-band for both polarizations between an integrated silicon photonics platform with an as-diced edge facet and butt-coupled standard single mode fiber.
Laser cladding of hard particles rich alloys (1992)

Under conditions of abrasive wear mechanism, hardness and grain size of the loaded material play a prominent part for the wear intensity. Generally, wear resistance goes up with increasing hardness and grain size of the material’s surface region. One way to get high abrasiv wear resistance is producing hard metal, that is the distribution of dense non-melted ceramic particles, mostly carbides, in a ductile metal matrix. In the case of the classic hard metal technique the hard particles, usually tungsten, titanium or complex carbides, are sintered with 1 to 5 % metallic binder (Ni or Co). Due to the high content of hard particles in the structure they determine the wear of the sintered carbide metal. The disadvantage of this technique is the need of a sinter process and that’s why a partially cladding of machinary components is not possible. The local cladding of metallic substrates with hard metal like materials can be realised by plasma spraying or deposition welding only. Plasma sprayed coatings can not often be applyed because of their insufficient bonding to the base material. In the range of deposition welding techniques the laser cladding process with pneumatic powder delivery is well suited to produce coatings containing high percentages of non-melted hard particles /1,2/. Using powder as added material nearly any desired mixtures of hard particles and metallic matrix alloys are possible. High heating and cooling rates and a short melt life put down the hard particle dissolution in the melt.
Supplementary Figure Legends 1-2 from A Retinoic Acid—Rich Tumor Microenvironment Provides Clonal Survival Cues for Tumor-Specific CD8<sup>+</sup> T Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 113K&lt;/p&gt;
Gas Chromatography on Self-Assembled, Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2006)

High-performance stationary phases, which provide high resolutions and are stable at high temperatures, are of significant importance in gas chromatographic analysis. Carbon nanotubes are nanosized carbon-based sorbents that have a high surface area and a large aspect ratio and are known to be stable at high temperatures. It is, therefore, conceivable that gas chromatography can benefit from their unique properties. This paper reports gas chromatography separations in an open tubular format on self-assembled, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) inside silica-lined steel capillary tubing. A SWNT film with an average thickness of 300 nm was self-assembled by a unique, single-step, catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process consisting of dissolved cobalt and molybdenum salts in ethanol. A variety of organic compounds with varying polarity were separated at high resolution, and the column efficiency demonstrated approximately 1000 theoretical plates/m. Comparison of capacity factors' and isosteric heats of adsorption with a packed column containing a commercial sorbent (Carbopack C) showed comparable results. This demonstrated high capacity and strong sorbate-sorbent interactions on the SWNT phase. Evaluation of the McReynolds constants suggested that the SWNT was a nonpolar phase.
<b>Characterization of mesenchymal progenitor cells in the crown and root pulp of primary </b><b>teeth </b> (2015)

The existence of progenitor/mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) was demonstrated previously in human primary/deciduous teeth. In this study, we examined dental pulp cells from root portion (root cells) of primary teeth without discernible root resorption and compared them with pulp cells from the crown portion (crown cells). Root cells and crown cells were characterized and compared to each other based on progenitor/MSC characteristics and on their generation efficiency of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. Root cells and crown cells included cells manifesting typical progenitor/MSC properties such as osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation potential and clonogenicity. Interestingly, root cells showed a higher expression level of embryonic stem cell marker, KLF4, than crown cells. Moreover, the number of colony-forming unit-fibroblast and cell proliferation rate were higher for root cells than crown cells, and the efficiency of generating iPS cells from root cells was approximately four times higher than that from crown cells. Taken together, these results suggest that root cells from primary teeth show the MSC-like properties and thus could be a potent alternative source for iPS cell generation and the subsequent transplantation therapy.
Microflora composition in the gastrointestinal tract in patients with Barrett’s esophagus (2019)

In patients with Barrett's esophagus, Streptococcal genera are widespread throughout the esophagus. Gram-positive genera tend to decrease as a percentage of overall flora distally. Obtaining a simple swab of the oropharynx or endoscope itself appears to be a poor substitute for tissue biopsy of esophageal mucosa when evaluating microflora patterns.
Traitor tracing with constant size ciphertext (2008)

A traitor tracing system enables a publisher to trace a pirate decryption box to one of the secret keys used to create the box. We present a traitor tracing system where ciphertext size is "constant," namely independent of the number of users in the system and the collusion bound. A ciphertext in our system consists of only two elements where the length of each element depends only on the security parameter. The down side is that private-key size is quadratic in the collusion bound. Our construction is based on recent constructions for fingerprinting codes.
Band alignment and electron traps in Y2O3 layers on (100)Si (2009)

Y 2 O 3 films deposited by atomic vapor deposition on (100)Si with a 2 or 5 nm thick pregrown thermal SiO2 are investigated as possible charge trapping layers. Analysis of these structures using spectroscopic ellipsometry, photoconductivity, and internal photoemission reveals that Y2O3 has a 5.6 eV wide optical bandgap and a 2.0 eV conduction band offset with silicon. Photo(dis)charging experiments show that the optical energy depth of most of the traps exceeds 1.5 eV with respect to the Y2O3 conduction band, explaining the observed charge retention time of ∼108 s at room temperature, even in the absence of a blocking insulator.
Electrostatic interactions are important for the distribution of Gd(DTPA)2− in articular cartilage (2015)

To obtain more accurate estimates of the fixed charge density using the dGEMRIC method, interionic interactions need to be taken into account in the Donnan analysis. Furthermore, the results suggest that the combination of μMRI dGEMRIC experiments and Monte Carlo simulations are useful tools for an improved understanding of these effects. Magn Reson Med 76:500-509, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nitrogen Deposition Effects on Soil Properties, Microbial Abundance, and Litter Decomposition Across Three Shrublands Ecosystems From the Mediterranean Basin (2021)

Atmospheric nitrogen (N) inputs in the Mediterranean Basin are projected to increase due to fossil fuel combustion, fertilizer use, and the exacerbation of agricultural production processes. Although increasing N deposition is recognized as a major threat to ecosystem functioning, little is known about how local environmental conditions modulate ecosystem function response to N addition, particularly in the context of Mediterranean-Basin ecosystems. Here, we assess how N addition affects important ecosystem properties associated with litter decomposition, soil physical-chemical properties, soil extracellular enzymatic activity and microbial abundance across three long-term N addition experimental sites in the Mediterranean Basin. Sites were located in El Regajal (Madrid, Spain), Capo Caccia (Alghero, Italy), and Arrábida (Lisbon, Portugal) and are all representative of Mediterranean shrublands. No common pattern for litter decomposition process or other studied variables emerged among the control plots of the studied sites. Nitrogen supply only affected soil pH, a major driver of decomposition, in two out of three experimental sites. Moreover, when we explored the role of N addition and soil pH in controlling litter decay, we found that the effects of these factors were site-dependent. Our results point out to local ecosystem features modulating N addition effects in controlling litter decomposition rates in Mediterranean ecosystems, suggesting that the responses of soil functioning to N deposition are site-dependent. These findings provide further knowledge to understand contrasting ecosystem responses to N additions based on a single field experiments.
Corrosion Related Gas Compressor Vibration (Case Study) (2011)

Abstract This paper presents a case study of corrosion related gas compressor vibration problem observed at one of Saudi Aramco gas compression plants. Investigation revealed that the high vibration was mainly due to corrosion product deposition on the compressor internals. Accumulation of the solids on the compressor rotor caused high vibration and consequently tripped the compressor. The corrosion products were characterized by photometric and potentiometric analyses, Inductive Couple Plasma (ICP), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and their morphology was observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The analytical data and the corrosion rate monitoring history indicated that minor corrosion is taking place upstream of the affected compressors. It was concluded that the main source of corrosion product is the upstream facilities. The paper has shed light on the root cause of the problem and discussed the lab analyses and the different experimental techniques used to determine the nature of the corrosion products. The paper also addresses the short and long term recommendations that were proposed to prevent future failures.
1142-P: Update on BCG Clinical Trial Programs in Patients with Advanced Type 1 Diabetes (2021)

The bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine was first introduced a century ago for tuberculosis prevention and is today being tested in clinical trials for treatment of diverse forms of autoimmunity, including type 1 diabetes (T1D). Long-term follow up of a Phase I study of the BCG vaccine in longstanding T1D revealed potential disease-modulating effects after repeated BCG vaccination, including long-term reductions of HbA1c, death of autoreactive cells, modest restoration of insulin secretion and induction of beneficial regulatory T cells (Tregs). Here we provide an update on the BCG clinical trial program current underway at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH): enrollment numbers, study timelines and interim outcomes for key T1D biomarkers. To date, 236 patients have been enrolled in the randomized and open-label MGH trials and 143 patients have received at least two doses of BCG, 34 of whom are being followed in open-label, unblinded trials. Enrollment of 150 participants in a pediatric study is planned for 2021. Data from ongoing analysis of the open-label BCG trials shows lowered insulin needs and decreases in HbA1c as compared to reference populations. Patients are also being monitored by RNAseq, epigenetics, Treg cell numbers and Treg signature gene expression to better define the mechanism of beneficial effects. We show a gradual and stable 3-year time course of demethylation of signature Treg genes known to be associated with Treg potency, including Foxp3, which was observed to be over-methylated at baseline in T1D and, over 3 years after BCG vaccination, demethylated to a level close to controls without T1D. The clinical time course of BCG-related improvements (i.e., improvement in HbA1C) appears to correlate with the time course of Treg induction through epigenetic modifications. Disclosure W. Kuhtreiber: None. H. Takahashi: None. R. Keefe: None. K. Nelson: None. N. Ng: None. J. Braley: None. H. Zheng: None. D. L. Faustman: None.
An image filtering processor for face/object recognition using merged/mixed analog-digital architecture (2005)

This paper proposes an image-filtering processor LSI based on a hybrid approach using pulse-width modulation (PWM) and digital circuits. The LSI has been designed for implementing convolutional neural networks with a very large convolution-kernel size. The LSI designed using a 0.35 /spl mu/m CMOS performs 6-bit precision convolutions for an image of 80/spl times/80 pixels with a kernel size of up to 51/spl times/51 pixels within 8.2 ms. All operations for the fabricated LSI have been successfully verified. The power consumption estimated from SPICE simulation is 280 mW.
Trilayer Development for 193nm Immersion Lithography (2007)

Immersion technology is enabling the extension of 193 nm lithography by increasing the numerical aperture (NA) of the exposure system. The result is smaller depth of focus, subsequently requiring the use of thinner photoresists. Consequently, bottom antireflective coatings (BARCs) are required to have increased etch selectivity to thinner photoresists, as well as improved reflectivity control to minimize reflectivity from higher incident angles of hyper NA lens systems. A spin on trilayer patterning scheme has recently become a favorable approach to simultaneously address these issues.IBM and Shin Etsu have jointly developed a silicon containing BARC for the purpose of trilayer imaging. In this work, hyper NA imaging performance of the trilayer film stack is reported, at NA > 1.0. Full field, polarized 1.2 NA dipole imaging of line/space lithographic patterns is compared with both the trilayer imaging stack as well as a single layer, organic BARC stack. The process window of 1-D line/space structures was found to be significantly improved on the trilayer imaging stack. Improved profiles were observed on the trilayer film stack, with other lithography metrics showing comparable performance on both film stacks. Characterization of a solvent based rework scheme is presented for the trilayer imaging stack. Also, the chemical interaction between the silicon BARC and the photoresist was studied with an acid diffusion experiment. Within the detection limits of the experiment, it was found that acid diffusion from the silicon BARC is not a likely contributor to imaging performance.
LDRD 171001 - Pathogen Capture: Using Sandia technology to understand host-pathogen interactions. (2020)

Abstract not provided.
Mitochondrial Haplotypes Influence Metabolic Traits in Porcine Transmitochondrial Cybrids (2015)

In farm animals, mitochondrial DNA mutations exist widely across breeds and individuals. In order to identify differences among mtDNA haplotypes, two porcine transmitochondrial cybrids were generated by fusion of a Lantang pig cell line devoid of mitochondrial DNA with enucleated cytoplasm from either a Large White pig or a Xiang pig harboring potentially divergent mitochondrial haplotypes. These cybrid cells were subjected to mitochondrial genome sequencing, copy number detecting and analysis of biochemical traits including succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity, ATP content and susceptibility to reactive oxygen species (ROS). The Lantang and Xiang mitochondrial genomes were highly homologous with only 18 polymorphic sites, and differed radically from the Large White with 201 and 198 mutations respectively. The Large White and Xiang cybrids exhibited similar mtDNA copy numbers and different values among biochemical traits, generated greater ROS production (P < 0.05) and less SDH activity (P < 0.05) and a lesser ATP content (P < 0.05). The results show that functional differences exist between cybrid cells which differ in mitochondrial genomic background. In conclusion, transmitochondrial cybrids provide the first direct evidence on pig biochemical traits linking different mitochondrial genome haplotypes.
Electro-absorption modulator with an asymmetric coupled triple quantum well for low-voltage operation (2015)

We present an electro-absorption modulator based on the enhanced electro-optic effect of an asymmetric coupled triple quantum well (ACTQW) to achieve a large transmittance difference at a low driving voltage for high-definition (HD) three-dimensional (3D) imaging applications. Our numerical calculations show that an ACTQW structure can provide a significantly lower-voltage operation without degrading the absorption coefficient change at the operating wavelength of 850 nm. The fabricated electro-absorption modulator (EAM) based on an ACTQW shows that the operating voltage can be reduced by nearly 50% compared with an EAM based on a conventional rectangular quantum well while also achieving a large transmittance difference in excess of 50%, which is in good agreement with the numerical calculation results. These results suggest that using an EAM with an ACTQW is a promising approach for the realization of a high-resolution 3D imaging system.
Total Synthesis of Laulimalide: Synthesis of the Northern and Southern Fragments (2012)

The first stage in the development of a synthetic route for the total synthesis of laulimalide (1) is described. Our retrosynthetic analysis envisioned a novel macrocyclization route to the natural product by using a Ru-catalyzed alkene-alkyne coupling. This would be preceded by an esterification of the C19 hydroxyl group, joining together two equally sized synthons, the northern fragment 7 and the southern fragment 8. Our first generation approach to the northern fragment entailed a key sequential Ru/Pd coupling sequence to assemble the dihydropyran. The key reactions proceeded smoothly, but the inability to achieve a key olefin migration led to the development of an alternative route based on an asymmetric dinuclear Zn-catalyzed aldol reaction of a hydroxyl acylpyrrole. This key reaction led to the desired diol adduct 66 with excellent syn/anti selectivity (10:1), and allowed for the successful completion of the northern fragment 7. The key step for the synthesis of the southern fragment was a chemoselective Rh-catalyzed cycloisomerization reaction to form the dihydropyran ring from a diyne precursor. This reaction proved to be selective for the formation of a six-membered ring, over a seven. The use of an electron-deficient bidentate phosphine allowed for the reaction to proceed with a reduced catalyst loading.
Efficacy of anti-PD1 re-treatment in patients with Hodgkin lymphoma who relapsed after anti-PD1 discontinuation (2020)

International audience
A structural and functional mimic of the active site of NiFe hydrogenases (2010)

The structural mimic of the active site of NiFe hydrogenases, [Ni(xbsms)FeCp(CO)](BF(4)), is an electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution from trifluoroacetic acid in DMF.