gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Field experimental evaluation of higher rank MIMO in quad-directional UE antenna configuration for 5G radio access system (2017)

This paper presents field experiments on the downlink performance of a 5G radio access system employing higher rank MIMO in the quad-directional antenna configuration at UE side comparing the uni-directional antenna configuration in typical small cell environments. Each antenna branch of the quad-directional antenna directs for intervals of 90 degrees in horizontal plane. The results show Rank-8 transmission performance is better compare to the uni-directional antenna configuration even the antenna gain is degraded, because the spatial correlation of UE becomes low using the quad-directional antenna in the environment has many complex reflection paths. And also it shows the stable performance of throughput about the dependency of the UE antenna direction. The antenna covers omni direction with combining all antenna branches and the spatial correlation is low compare to the uni-directional antenna. The performance is tradeoff of degradation of the total antenna gain.
Analysis of three-phase multiple access with continual contention resolution (TPMA-CCR) for wireless multi-hop ad hoc networks (2011)

In this paper, a new medium access control (MAC) protocol entitled three-phase multiple access with continual contention resolution (TPMA-CCR) is proposed for wireless multi-hop ad hoc networks. This work is motivated by the previously known threephase multiple access (TPMA) scheme of Hou and Tsai [2] which is the suitable MAC protocol for clustering multi-hop ad hoc net- works owing to its beneficial attributes such as easy collision detectible, anonymous acknowledgment (ACK), and simple signaling format for the broadcast-natured networks. The new TPMA-CCR is designed to let all contending nodes participate in contentions for a medium access more aggressively than the original TPMA and with continual resolving procedures as well. Through the systematical performance analysis of the suggested protocol, it is also shown that the maximum throughput of the new protocol is not only superior to the original TPMA, but also improves on the conventional slotted carrier sense multiple access (CSMA) under certain circumstances. Thus, in terms of performance, TPMA-CCR can provide an attractive alternative to other contention-based MAC protocols for multi-hop ad hoc networks.
Electric Field Assisted Growth of Highly Surface Enhanced Raman Active Gold Nanotriangles (2009)

A comparative study of the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effect of the spherical gold nanoparticles (NPs) and highly uniform and oriented gold nanotriangles (NTs), anchored on indium tin oxide (ITO) coated conducting glass surfaces is reported. Contact and non-contact mode atomic force microscopic (AFM) analyses confirmed that all the triangles observed are equilateral and uniformly stacked. The NTs-coated ITO exhibited intense near-infrared (NIR) absorption and showed an extremely strong SERS activity than the spherical NPs. The NTs showed a very good SERS enhancement factor on the order of 4 x 10(8). The results are interpreted in terms of the increased density of hot spots on the NTs-coated surface.
Facile synthesis of CNT interconnected PVP-ZIF-8 derived hierarchically porous Zn/N co-doped carbon frameworks for oxygen reduction (2021)

In this work, a strategy has been adopted to construct an architecture through the coordination of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and a monodisperse zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-8), which was entwined by carbon nanotubes (CNTs) firstly, followed by a pyrolysis process to obtain the hybrid catalyst. The meticulous design of the hybrid material using CNTs to interconnect the PVP assisted ZIF-8 derived porous carbon frameworks together produces a hierarchical pore structure and dual-heteroatom (Zn/N) doping (Zn-N/PC@CNT). Without further acid treatment, the hybrid material prepared after pyrolysis at 900 °C (PVP-ZIF-8@CNT-900) has been demonstrated as an efficient non-precious metal catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) with its superior stability compared to the commercial 20 wt% Pt/C catalyst in alkaline media. The catalyst shows better performance towards the ORR, with its more positive onset and half-wave potentials (E<sub>onset</sub> = 0.960 V vs. RHE and E<sub>1/2</sub> = 0.795 V vs. RHE) than the counterpart system which is free of both CNT and PVP. The high performance of the hybrid catalyst can be ascribed to the co-existence of dual-active sites with hierarchical pore structures originating from the synergistic effects between Zn/N co-doped porous carbon and CNTs. We further demonstrated the single-cell performance by using the homemade system as the cathode catalyst for the Alkaline Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (AEMFC) system, which showed a maximum power density of 45 mW cm<sup>-2</sup> compared to 60 mW cm<sup>-2</sup> obtained from the 40 wt% Pt/C catalyst.
U-shape phenomenon in the efficiency-versus-current curves in AlGaN-based deep-ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (2015)

The efficiency of an AlGaN deep-ultraviolet light-emitting diode with peak emission wavelength of 285nm is investigated as a function of current over a wide range of temperatures (110K to 300K). We find that the efficiency-versus-current curve exhibits unique and distinct features over the entire temperature range including three points of inflection, a u-shape phenomenon which the efficiency increases again after the minimum, and higher low-temperature efficiency than room-temperature efficiency at high-current density regime.
Pharmacophore Models of Group I and Group II Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Agonists. Analysis of Conformational, Steric, and Topological Parameters Affecting Potency and Selectivity (1999)

A wide variety of conformationally constrained glutamate analogues, active as group I or group II metabotropic glutamate receptor agonists, were employed in a molecular modeling study aimed at the definition of group I and group II agonist pharmacophoric models. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: (i) Recognition sites of both group I and group II mGluRs can adequately be described by five-point pharmacophores. (ii) An extended conformation of glutamate is required for interaction with both group I and group II mGluRs. Group I receptors, however, can also be activated by a more folded conformation if only four pharmacophore points are considered. (iii) Conformational preferences are, however, not sufficient to explain the potency and selectivity of the whole set of ligands. Volume comparison analysis allowed us to define steric environments for group I and group II mGluRs. Group I mGluRs are characterized by a region of allowed volume in proximity of the distal acidic function, whereas group II mGluRs are characterized by a small polar pocket whose occupancy confers high potency and selectivity. Finally, our study points out the necessity of a careful analysis of the energetic requirements needed to attain the putative bioactive conformations and of explicitly considering the conformational mobility of carboxylate groups.
Feel The feeling (2009)

This project investigated possibilities for design practice as a tool to aid social intervention. Residents in an area undergoing major regeneration were consulted and helped to co-design a series of typographic works which were then placed in the area.
Smooth Neighbors on Teacher Graphs for Semi-supervised Learning (2017)

The recently proposed self-ensembling methods have achieved promising results in deep semi-supervised learning, which penalize inconsistent predictions of unlabeled data under different perturbations. However, they only consider adding perturbations to each single data point, while ignoring the connections between data samples. In this paper, we propose a novel method, called Smooth Neighbors on Teacher Graphs (SNTG). In SNTG, a graph is constructed based on the predictions of the teacher model, i.e., the implicit self-ensemble of models. Then the graph serves as a similarity measure with respect to which the representations of "similar" neighboring points are learned to be smooth on the low-dimensional manifold. We achieve state-of-the-art results on semi-supervised learning benchmarks. The error rates are 9.89%, 3.99% for CIFAR-10 with 4000 labels, SVHN with 500 labels, respectively. In particular, the improvements are significant when the labels are fewer. For the non-augmented MNIST with only 20 labels, the error rate is reduced from previous 4.81% to 1.36%. Our method also shows robustness to noisy labels.
Diversity and distribution of plant-parasitic nematodes in golf greens and football pitches. (2008)

We surveyed golf greens and football pitches to characterise the species diversity, distribution and importance of plant-parasitic nematodes in Belgian turf grass. The survey included quantification and identification. Extraction-efficiencies of centrifugal flotation method and Baermann funnel techniques were statistically compared. Fifty-five nematode-taxa were morphologically identified from the in total 46 soil samples. Identified plant-parasitic nematodes belong to twenty-three different genera and compromised nine nematode-families. Population densities in golf greens were a 4.5 fold higher than those in football pitches, with an average of 482 nematodes in samples of golf greens and 108 in football pitches. The five most abundant species in golf greens were Helicotylenchus pseudorobustus, Heterodera mani, Heterodera ustinovi, Heterodera hordecalis en Puctodera punctata. In sportfields the most prominent species were Meloidogyne naasi, Heterodera ustinovi, Helicotylenchus pseudorobustus, Tylenchorynchus dubius en Helicotylenchus varicaudatus. Eight species belonging to the Tylenchomorpha are new records for the Belgian nematofauna. The genus Rotylenchulus and subfamily Rotylenchulinae are respectively first genusrecord and the subfamilyrecord for Belgium. The genus Paralongidorus was detected for the second time in Belgium. Meloidogyne minor was found in three different golf courses. This recently described species has already been correlated with damage on golf greens and sportfields (yellow patch disease). Cyst nematodes were found in almost all samples and were characterized by a high species diversity and population density. Plant-parasitic nematodes are important in turf grass and the diversity is higher than expected. However, a clear link between species density and damage could not yet be established for lack of damage tresholdlevels applicable for sportgrassfields in Europe. Further research is recommended
The Relationship between the Relative Solvating Power of Electrolytes and Shuttling Effect of Lithium Polysulfides in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries (2018)

Abstract Relative solvating power, that is, the ratio of the coordination ratios between a solvent and the reference solvent, was used to probe the quantitative structure–activity relationship of electrolyte solvents and the lithium polysulfide (LiPS) dissolution in lithium–sulfur batteries. Internally referenced diffusion‐ordered nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (IR‐DOSY) was used to determine the diffusion coefficient and coordination ratio, from which the relative solvating power can be easily measured. The higher the relative solvating power of an ethereal solvent, the more severe will be the LiPS dissolution and the lower the coulombic efficiency of the lithium–sulfur battery. A linear relationship was established between the logarithm of relative solvating power of a solvent and the degree of LiPS dissolution, rendering relative solvating power an important parameter in choosing the electrolyte solvent for lithium–sulfur batteries.
An Insight Into the ESD Behavior of the Nanometer-Scale Drain-Extended NMOS Device—Part I: Turn-On Behavior of the Parasitic Bipolar (2011)

A second-breakdown phenomenon (It2) in a drain-extended n-type metal-oxide-semiconductor (DENMOS) is associated with complex triggering of a parasitic bipolar transistor. Full comprehension of the problem requires 3-D modeling; however, there is even deficiency in the understanding of the phenomenon occurring in the 2-D cross-sectional plane. We present experiments and models to understand the physics of bipolar turn-on and its impact on the onset of space-charge modulation in a DENMOS device. We present a detailed analysis of the current paths involved during the bipolar turn-on. We show that a strong snapback is triggered due to coupling of the parasitic bipolar turn-on in a deeper region of the p-body and avalanche injection at the drain junction. Furthermore, we show that the ballast resistor formed in the drain region due to current crowding of electrons under high-current conditions can be modeled through a simplified 1-D analysis of the n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> /n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-</sup> resistive structure.
Design and implementation of a one-chip wireless camera device for a capsule endoscope (2005)

In this paper, we describe the design and implementation of a one-chip camera device for a capsule endoscope. This experimental chip integrates peripheral circuits required for the capsule endoscope and the wireless transmission function based on a data transmission method using human body conduction. The integrated functional blocks include an image array, a timing generator, a clock generator, a voltage regulator, a 10b cyclic A/D converter, and a BPSK modulator. It can be operated autonomously with 3 pins (VDD, GND, and DATAOUT). A prototype chip which has 320x240 effective pixels was fabricated using 0.25&mu;m CMOS image sensor process and the autonomous imaging was demonstrated. The chip size is 4.84mmx4.34mm. With a 2.0 V power supply, the analog part consumes 950µW and the total power consumption at 6 fps (20MHz carrier frequency) is about 3mW.
A high efficiency and wide bandwidth class D switching audio power amplifier with improved output stage and current mode control (1997)

The pulse width modulated class D power amplifier has the highest efficiency among the various class amplifiers. To obtain high efficiency and wide bandwidth at class D amplifier, there are two important points to be considered most carefully. They are the output driver and the feedback control scheme. Composite oscillation conditions of output driver are studied in detail and a new drive circuit is suggested in this paper. A detailed design procedure of the current mode control is also shown to improve the performances. The new-design class D amplifier provides wide full-power bandwidth and high efficiency with good stability.
A Potent, Nonpeptidyl 1H-Quinolone Antagonist for the Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor (2001)

Extensive development of the structure-activity relationships of a screening lead determined three important pharmacophores for gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor antagonist activity. Incorporation of the 3,4,5-trimethylphenyl group at the 3-position, 2-(2(S)-azetidinyl)ethoxy group at the 4-position, and N-4-pyrimidinylcarboxamide at the 6-position of the quinolone core resulted in the identification of 4-(2-(azetidin-2(S)-yl)ethoxy)-7-chloro-2-oxo-3-(3,4,5-trimethylphenyl)-1,2-dihydroquinoline-6-carboxylic acid pyrimidin-4-ylamide (1) as a potent antagonist of the GnRH receptor. A 10(4)-fold increase in in vitro binding affinity is observed for the GnRH receptor as compared to the initial screening lead. Compound 1 exhibits nanomolar binding activity and functional antagonism at the human receptor and is 7-fold less active at the rhesus receptor. Intravenous administration of compound 1 to rhesus monkeys results in a significant decrease of the serum levels of downstream hormones, luteinizing hormone (79% decrease in area under the curve) and testosterone (92% decrease in area under the curve), at a dose of 3 mg/kg. Quinolone 1 is a potent nonpeptidyl antagonist for the human GnRH receptor that is efficacious for the suppression of luteinizing hormone and testosterone in primates.
Microsurgical Resection of Incompletely Obliterated Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations Following Stereotactic Radiosurgery (1998)

Radiosurgery is effective in obliterating small arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), but less successful in thrombosing larger AVMs. This study reviewed patients who underwent surgical resection of their large AVMs following failed radiosurgical obliteration. AVMs from 36 patients (aged 7 to 64 years, mean 29.9) were surgically resected 1 to 11 years after radiosurgery. Initial AVM volumes were 0.7 to 117 cm3 (mean 21.6 cm3), and radiosurgical doses ranged from 4.6 to 45 Gray equivalent (GyE) (mean 21.1 GyE). Thirty AVMs (83%) were located in eloquent tissue. Venous drainage was deep (14), superficial (13), or both (9). Spetzler grades were II (2), III (12), IV (18), and V (4). Nine patients suffered rehemorrhage after radiosurgery but prior to surgery, while three patients developed radiation necrosis. Twenty-seven patients underwent endovascular embolization prior to surgery. During microsurgical resection, the AVMs were found to be significantly less vascular and more easily resected, compared to AVMs in patients who had not received radiosurgery. Histology showed endothelial proliferation with hyaline and mineralization in vessel walls. Partial or complete thrombosis of some AVM vessels, and evidence of vessel and brain necrosis were noted in many cases. Clinical outcome was excellent or good in 34 cases, with two patients dying of rebleeding from residual AVM. Five patients were neurologically worse following microsurgical resection. Final outcome was largely related to the pretreatment grade. Radiosurgery several years prior to surgical resection appears useful in treating unusually large and complex AVMs.
Crystallization and Preliminary X-Ray Diffraction Analysis of the Extracellular Domain of the Cell Surface Antigen CD38 Complexed with Ganglioside (2000)

The cell surface antigen CD38 is a multifunctional ectoenzyme that acts as an NAD(+) glycohydrolase, an ADP-ribosyl cyclase, and also a cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase. The extracellular catalytic domain of CD38 was expressed as a fusion protein with maltose-binding protein, and was crystallized in the complex with a ganglioside, G(T1b), one of the possible physiological inhibitors of this ectoenzyme. Two different crystal forms were obtained using the hanging-drop vapor diffusion method with PEG 10,000 as the precipitant. One form diffracted up to 2.4 A resolution with synchrotron radiation at 100 K, but suffered serious X-ray damage. It belongs to the space group P2(1)2(1)2(1) with unit-cell parameters of a = 47.9, b = 94.9, c = 125.2 A. The other form is a thin plate, but the data sets were successfully collected up to 2.4 A resolution by use of synchrotron radiation at 100 K. The crystals belong to the space group P2(1) with unit-cell parameters of a = 57.4, b = 51.2, c = 101.1 A, and beta = 97.9 degrees, and contain one molecule per asymmetric unit with a VM value of 2.05 A(3)/Da.
Antitumor effect of forphenicinol, a low molecular weight immunomodifier, on murine transplantable tumors and microbial infections. (1982)

The antitumor activities of forphenicinol against murine transplantable tumors were examined. Ehrlich carcinoma was suppressed by treatment with 0.08 approximately 0.31 mg/kg/day of forphenicinol given for 10 days starting 5 days after tumor inoculation. IMC carcinoma was also suppressed by treatment with 0.5 approximately 5 mg/kg/day given for 5 days starting 8 days after the inoculation. The antitumor activity was dependent on the number of tumor cells inoculated, schedule of administration and dose. However, even in case of fast growing tumors such as L1210 and inoculation with a large number of tumor cells, forphenicinol markedly enhanced the antitumor effect of 6-mercaptopurine, aclacinomycin and cyclophosphamide. Forphenicinol showed a protective effect on Pseudomonas infection in mice.
The role of decimated sequences in scaling encryption speeds through parallelism (2002)

End-to-end encryption can protect proprietary information as it passes from one end of a complex computer network to another, through untrusted intermediate systems. Encryption performance, in terms of bits per second encrypted, has not scaled well, as network performance has increased. The authors felt that multiple encryption modules, operating in parallel would be the cornerstone of scalable encryption. One of the major problems with parallelizing encryption is ensuring that each encryption module is getting the proper portion of the key sequence at the correct point in the encryption or decryption of the message. Many encryption schemes use linear recurring sequences, which may be generated by a linear feedback shift register. Instead of using a linear feedback shift register, the authors describe a method to generate the linear recurring sequence by using parallel decimated sequences, one per encryption module. Computing decimated sequences can be time consuming, so the authors have also described a way to compute these sequences with logic gates rather than arithmetic operations.
Determination of aminothiols in body fluids, cells, and tissues by capillary electrophoresis (2004)

Abstract Oxidative stress is present in cardiovascular diseases and hyperhomocysteinemia, an independant risk factor for these diseases. It may play a role by inducing production of oxygen free radicals. Reduced glutathione is the most abundant intracellular low‐molecular‐weight thiol and plays an essential role in protecting cells from toxic species. The thiol‐containing compounds which are the most often considered in biological analysis, are homocysteine (Hcy), cysteine (Cys), glutathione (GSH), cysteinyl‐glycine (Cys‐Gly), γ‐glutamyl‐cysteine (γGlu‐Cys), and their derivatives. These aminothiols are present in body fluids or cells, associated with proteins or occur free (reduced and oxidized). These free forms may play a role in the pathogenesis of disease. Because Hcy (with Cys) exhibits pro‐oxidative properties and GSH (with Cys‐Gly) antioxidative properties, and because there is extensive interconversion between these metabolites, their simultaneous analysis in biological samples is necessary to examine their role in human disease. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) seems to be a solution to reach this goal. No extensive review reports the analysis of aminothiols using CE. This review describes the different CE approaches which have been used to separate and assay aminothiols, and the different obtained datas.
Immunoregulatory functions of paf‐acether. VI. Dual effect on human B cell proliferation (1991)

Abstract The role of paf‐acether (paf), a phospholipid cytokine, in the modulation of human B cell function was investigated. Paf, from 1×10 −5 M to 10 −6 M, decreased B cell proliferation induced by both phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and anti‐IgM antibodies (anti‐IgM Ab). By contrast, 1×10 −7 M to 1×10 −9 M paf enhanced PMA triggered, but not anti‐IgM triggered B cell proliferation. B cell proliferation was modulated between 24 and 72 hr of culture indicating that the effect of paf did not merely reflect a shift in proliferation kinetics. Interestingly, paf also enhanced the spontaneous proliferation of a Burkitt lymphoma‐derived B cell line, Raji, which suggests that paf can directly act on B cells. The modulatory effect of paf on peripheral blood B cells was independent of PMA concentration, yet the effect on Raji cells was dependent upon cell density. The data suggest that paf is a potent modulator of B cell function, and may be involved in the control of humoral immune response.