gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Geographical region differences in the Cabana trials (2020)

Abstract Background Unexpected variations in treatment benefits by geographic region raise questions about the generalizability of findings from international clinical trials. Purpose Investigate the outcome of catheter ablation vs drug therapy in CABANA patients with AF treated at North American (NA) compared with non-NA sites, a pre-specified comparison. Methods CABANA randomized 2204 symptomatic patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) to ablation vs drug therapy at 126 centers in 10 countries. The primary endpoint was a composite of death, disabling stroke, serious bleeding, or cardiac arrest. Results There were 1285 patients enrolled at 85 NA sites, and 919 at 45 non-NA sites. At baseline, NA and non-NA patients differed significantly with regard to age, sex, BMI, CCS, CHA2DS2-VASc score, family history of AF, prior AF hospitalization, history of A Flutter, diabetes, NYHA class, and proportion with sleep apnea, heart disease, CAD, CHF, or EF &amp;gt;35%. Four-year Kaplan-Meier event rates showed considerable differences in treatment effects between NA and non-NA patients (see Table). Ablation was associated with a 50% reduction in the primary endpoint in non-NA (HR 0.50, 95% CI 0.24 to 1.03) vs a 5% reduction in NA (HR 0.95, 95% CI 0.69 to 1.30) enrollees despite higher event rates in NA patients. The trend of favorable outcome with ablation at non-NA sites was maintained after adjustment for baseline covariates that differed between the non-NA (HR 0.51, 95% CI 0.24 to 1.04) and NA populations (HR 0.93, 95% CI 0.68 to 1.20). Conclusion We observed substantial geographic variation in clinical outcomes and treatment effects in the CABANA trial that suggests an important disconnection between overall event rates and treatment benefit from ablation in AF. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): NIH
ACTIVATION LOOP PHOSPHORYLATION OF A NON-RD RECEPTOR KINASE INITIATES PLANT INNATE IMMUNE SIGNALING (2021)

Abstract Receptor kinases (RKs) play fundamental roles in extracellular sensing to regulate development and stress responses across kingdoms. In plants, leucine-rich repeat receptor kinases (LRR-RKs) function primarily as peptide receptors that regulate myriad aspects of plant development and response to external stimuli. Extensive phosphorylation of LRR-RK cytoplasmic domains is among the earliest detectable responses following ligand perception, and reciprocal transphosphorylation between a receptor and its co-receptor is thought to activate the receptor complex. Originally proposed based on characterization of the brassinosteroid receptor, the prevalence of complex activation via reciprocal transphosphorylation across the plant RK family has not been tested. Using the LRR-RK ELONGATION FACTOR TU RECEPTOR (EFR) as a model RK, we set out to understand the steps critical for activating RK complexes. While the EFR cytoplasmic domain is an active protein kinase in vitro and is phosphorylated in a ligand-dependent manner in vivo , catalytically deficient EFR variants are functional in anti-bacterial immunity. These results reveal a non-catalytic role for the EFR cytoplasmic domain in triggering immune signaling and indicate that reciprocal transphoshorylation is not a ubiquitous requirement for LRR-RK complex activation. Rather, our analysis of EFR along with a detailed survey of the literature suggests a distinction between LRR-RK complexes with RD- versus non-RD protein kinase domains. Based on newly identified phosphorylation sites that regulate the activation state of the EFR complex in vivo , we propose that LRR-RK complexes containing a non-RD protein kinase may be regulated by phosphorylation-dependent conformational changes of the ligand-binding receptor which could initiate signaling in a feed-forward fashion either allosterically or through driving the dissociation of negative regulators of the complex.
Controlling morphology and porosity to improve performance of molecularly imprinted sol–gel silica (2013)

The wealth of molecular precursors for organic and inorganic polymers has resulted in an incredible volume of molecular imprinting literature. The vast majority of reports deal with organic polymer systems, and molecular imprinting in silica can still be considered a small niche in the field. In this review, we present key concepts of molecular imprinting, sol-gel processing, and the synthesis of templated mesoporous silica. We take a small fraction of the literature and use it to understand the ways in which molecular imprinting in siliceous materials of controlled morphology has achieved success in the past fifteen years. Using selected case studies rather than a comprehensive review of the entire field, our goal is to illustrate the key aspects of imprinted silica-based materials as demonstrated by judiciously controlled systems, looking first at control on the micrometre scale in bulk phase materials, and then on the nanometre scale in templated mesoporous materials.
Shot Noise Influence in Reconstructed Phase Images SNR in Digital Holographic Microscopy (2005)

We present a study based on simulations describing how shot noise, an intrinsic part of the recording process with a digital camera, influences the quality of the reconstructed phase images under different beams intensities configurations.
An efficient channel estimation technique for OFDM systems with transmitter diversity (2002)

We propose an efficient channel estimation technique for orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems with transmitter diversity. The proposed technique estimates uniquely all channel frequency responses needed in space-time coded OFDM systems using "comb-type" training symbols. The computational complexity of the proposed technique is reduced dramatically, compared with the previous minimum mean-squared error (MMSE) technique, due to the all the processing being done in the frequency-domain. Also, several other techniques for mitigating the random noise effect and tracking channel variation are discussed to further improve the performance of the proposed approach. The performances of the proposed approach are demonstrated by computer simulation for mobile wireless channels.
Rapid and Large-Area Characterization of Exfoliated Black Phosphorus Using Third-Harmonic Generation Microscopy (2017)

Black phosphorus (BP) is a layered semiconductor that recently has been the subject of intense research due to its novel electrical and optical properties, which compare favorably to those of graphene and the transition metal dichalcogenides. In particular, BP has a direct bandgap that is thickness-dependent and highly anisotropic, making BP an interesting material for nanoscale optical and optoelectronic applications. Here, we present a study of the anisotropic third-harmonic generation (THG) in exfoliated BP using a fast scanning multiphoton characterization method. We find that the anisotropic THG arises directly from the crystal structure of BP. We calculate the effective third-order susceptibility of BP to be ∼1.64 × 10<sup>-19</sup> m<sup>2</sup> V<sup>-2</sup>. Further, we demonstrate that multiphoton microscopy can be used for rapid, large-area characterization indexing of the crystallographic orientations of many exfoliated BP flakes from one set of multiphoton images. This method is therefore beneficial for samples of areas ∼1 cm<sup>2</sup> in future investigations of the properties and growth of BP.
Improving FSTC (field sound transmission class) and FIIC (field-impact isolation class) of standard wall and floor/ceiling configurations. (2010)

Every acoustic floor or wall design requires an analysis in order to provide a sustainable design. This is true whether the design is a single family residence with the goal of achieving a desired level of quietude, or a multi-family, or commercial dwelling required to meet various codes and/or standards. Since IIC and STC measurements taken in the field produce a lower STC or IIC than laboratory controlled values, this presentation will begin by reviewing the variables that are not present in the controlled laboratory setting for their acoustic impact. This presentation will further provide field readings of well known documented basic floor and wall configurations. With this foundation standard floor and wall configurations will be reviewed for their FSTC and FIIC improvement with standard readily available acoustic materials to address variables consistent with the degradation of the configuration’s acoustic efficacy. The FIIC and FSTC values of the same floors and walls will be further compared to walls and floors with unique and innovative installation methodologies and configuration upgrades. The summary will be a detailed approach to the best field practices and innovative configuration upgrades, inclusive of a few new patented and patent pending products, for optimum field acoustic efficacy.
Accurate computation of the electrostatic charge distribution on shielding plates of SAW-transducers (1994)

We compute the electrostatic charge distribution on the shielding plates of a packaged SAW-interdigital transducer (IDT) by the method-of-moments (MoM) and compare it to exact results; the shielding plates, which are used to suppress electric feedthrough, are placed on the substrate at the sides of the IDT. Correct modeling of their edge singularities is shown to be crucial for the accuracy of the MoM computations. The minimal length of the plates necessary for adequate shielding behavior is analyzed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Host Response to the Lung Microbiome in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (2015)

These results support the hypothesis that there is a host immune response to microorganisms within the lung microbiome that appears to contribute to the pathogenesis of COPD.
Extremely Small Group Delay Spread Six-Core Fiber with Air-Holes for Mode-Division-Multiplexing: A Principal Mode Analysis (2016)

An air-hole added six-core fiber with extremely small group delay spread is proposed for mode-division-multiplexing-system. A principal mode analysis reveals that 95% reduction of the group delay spread is possible compared with conventional coupled-six-core fibers.
Lachesis (2021)

Partitioning is effective in avoiding expensive shuffling operations. However, it remains a significant challenge to automate this process for Big Data analytics workloads that extensively use user defined functions (UDFs), where sub-computations are hard to be reused for partitionings compared to relational applications. In addition, functional dependency that is widely utilized for partitioning selection is often unavailable in the unstructured data that is ubiquitous in UDF-centric analytics. We propose the Lachesis system, which represents UDF-centric workloads as workflows of analyzable and reusable sub-computations. Lachesis further adopts a deep reinforcement learning model to infer which sub-computations should be used to partition the underlying data. This analysis is then applied to automatically optimize the storage of the data across applications to improve the performance and users' productivity.
Supramolecular Metallo‐Bioadhesive for Minimally Invasive Use (2016)

A novel metallo-bioadhesive to be used as tissue sealant in minimally invasive procedures is reported. Metal complexation can be used to render gelatin derivatives adhesive, which occurs in minutes, is efficient, and fully biodegradable within weeks.
Novel prep-less X-ray imaging capsule for colon cancer screening: a feasibility study (2018)

The X-ray imaging capsule overcomes the requirement for bowel preparation, a major deterrent for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. This prospective multicentre study examined capsule safety and efficacy (compared with fecal immunochemical test (FIT)) for polyp detection confirmed by ensuing colonoscopy. In 45 analysed patients, capsule and FIT sensitivity for polyps was 44% and 37%, respectively. Capsule sensitivity increased to 78% when >50% of the colon surface area was imaged, with a linear correlation between imaged area and sensitivity. An updated scanning algorithm, retrospectively implemented on these study data, dramatically increased numbers of subjects with imaged area >50%, from 21 to 41/45 (46% to 91%). Capsule specificity for polyps approached 90%. Transit time was 52±32 hours. No device-related serious adverse events occurred. Average X-ray dose was 0.05 mSv.

Many patients forego screening by colonoscopy due to the need for cathartic preparation,1 2 posing a major obstacle to implementation of current screening programmes.3 4 A test not requiring laxative preparation could increase adherence with screening.1 Moreover, inadequate preparation for colonoscopy impairs adenoma and cancer detection rates and often necessitates repeating of the procedure.5 A prep-less modality would not suffer from these limitations. In a previous proof-of-concept study, a prep-less screening capsule was shown to be safe, capable of 3D reconstruction of the colonic wall and lumen and identifying adenomatous polyps.6 In a prospective multicentre comparative study, we studied the safety and efficacy of a first version of the capsule for identifying colonic polypoid lesions and masses compared with FIT and colonoscopy.

The system has …
Temperature-Independent Catalytic Two-Electron Reduction of Dioxygen by Ferrocenes with a Copper(II) Tris[2-(2-pyridyl)ethyl]amine Catalyst in the Presence of Perchloric Acid (2013)

Selective two-electron plus two-proton (2e(-)/2H(+)) reduction of O(2) to hydrogen peroxide by ferrocene (Fc) or 1,1'-dimethylferrocene (Me(2)Fc) in the presence of perchloric acid is catalyzed efficiently by a mononuclear copper(II) complex, [Cu(II)(tepa)](2+) (1; tepa = tris[2-(2-pyridyl)ethyl]amine) in acetone. The E(1/2) value for [Cu(II)(tepa)](2+) as measured by cyclic voltammetry is 0.07 V vs Fc/Fc(+) in acetone, being significantly positive, which makes it possible to use relatively weak one-electron reductants such as Fc and Me(2)Fc for the overall two-electron reduction of O(2). Fast electron transfer from Fc or Me(2)Fc to 1 affords the corresponding Cu(I) complex [Cu(I)(tepa)](+) (2), which reacts at low temperature (193 K) with O(2), however only in the presence of HClO(4), to afford the hydroperoxo complex [Cu(II)(tepa)(OOH)](+) (3). A detailed kinetic study on the homogeneous catalytic system reveals the rate-determining step to be the O(2)-binding process in the presence of HClO(4) at lower temperature as well as at room temperature. The O(2)-binding kinetics in the presence of HClO(4) were studied, demonstrating that the rate of formation of the hydroperoxo complex 3 as well as the overall catalytic reaction remained virtually the same with changing temperature. The apparent lack of activation energy for the catalytic two-electron reduction of O(2) is shown to result from the existence of a pre-equilibrium between 2 and O(2) prior to the formation of the hydroperoxo complex 3. No further reduction of [Cu(II)(tepa)(OOH)](+) (3) by Fc or Me(2)Fc occurred, and instead 3 is protonated by HClO(4) to yield H(2)O(2) accompanied by regeneration of 1, thus completing the catalytic cycle for the two-electron reduction of O(2) by Fc or Me(2)Fc.
Delivery of a Therapeutic Protein for Bone Regeneration from a Substrate Coated with Graphene Oxide (2013)

The therapeutic efficacy of drugs often depends on the drug delivery carrier. For efficient delivery of therapeutic proteins, delivery carriers should enable the loading of large doses, sustained release, and retention of the bioactivity of the therapeutic proteins. Here, it is demonstrated that graphene oxide (GO) is an efficient carrier for delivery of therapeutic proteins. Titanium (Ti) substrates are coated with GO through layer-by-layer assembly of positively (GO-NH₃⁺) and negatively (GO-COO⁻) charged GO sheets. Subsequently, a therapeutic protein (bone morphogenetic protein-2, BMP-2) is loaded on the GO-coated Ti substrate with the outermost coating layer of GO-COO⁻ (Ti/GO⁻). The GO coating on Ti substrate enables loading of large doses and the sustained release of BMP-2 with preservation of the structure and bioactivity of the drug. The extent of in vitro osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells is higher when they are cultured on Ti/GO- carrying BMP-2 than when they are cultured on Ti with BMP-2. Eight weeks after implantation in mouse models of calvarial defects, the Ti/GO-/BMP-2 implants show more robust new bone formation compared with Ti, Ti/GO-, or Ti/BMP-2 implants. Therefore, GO is an effective carrier for the controlled delivery of therapeutic proteins, such as BMP-2, which promotes osteointegration of orthopedic or dental Ti implants.
Introduction of confidence levels for transparent network planning (2009)

Confidence level on connection feasibilities is used to obtain Q-estimate margins when parameter uncertainties are considered. Adding such margins to the Q-estimate instead of fixed margins gives 22% fewer regenerators at same 97.5% confidence level.
Coupled W-type four-core fiber with low differential mode group delay for C+L band (2017)

We propose a homogeneous coupled w-type four-core fiber. By adding trench structures around the cores, the lower differential mode group delay (DMGD) between the fundamental and higher-order supermodes is realized.
A STUDY ON SEISMIC DESIGN SYNTHESES BY CONSIDERING DUCTILITY RESPONSES OF STIFFNESS AND STRENGTH ASYMMETRIC FRAME STRUCTURES (2000)

In this paper, inelastic seismic behaviors of "stiffness and strength" asymmetric frame structures are investigated. The effectiveness and importance of "high ductility" design for asymmetric structures are emphasized to reduce dispersion of structural response caused by eccentricity. Comparative studies by using various kinds of asymmetric frame models which make different values of "maximum ductility factor response" are executed through numerical simulations. Analytical procedures are operated by extraction of each hysteretic model according to each value of maximum ductility factor response which is targeted on the frame model. Various cases of maximum ductility factor response are evaluated. As a result, it is assured that high performance of energy absorption is operated by introducing high ductility efficiency to asymmetric frame model.
Perceptual Evaluation of Tone Mapping Operators with Real-World Sceness (2005)

A number of successful tone mapping operators for contrast compression have \nbeen proposed due to the need\nto visualize high dynamic range (HDR) images on low dynamic range devices. They \nwere inspired by Øelds\nas diverse as image processing, photographic practice, and modeling of the \nhuman visual systems (HVS). The\nvariety of approaches calls for a systematic perceptual evaluation of their \nperformance.\nWe conduct a psychophysical experiment based on a direct comparison between the \nappearance of real-world\nscenes and HDR images of these scenes displayed on a low dynamic range monitor. \nIn our experiment, HDR\nimages are tone mapped by seven existing tone mapping operators. The primary \ninterest of this psychophysical\nexperiment is to assess the diÆerences in how tone mapped images are perceived \nby human observers and to Ønd\nout which attributes of image appearance account for these diÆerences when tone \nmapped images are compared\ndirectly with their corresponding real-world scenes rather than with each \nother. The human subjects rate image\nnaturalness, overall contrast, overall brightness, and detail reproduction in \ndark and bright image regions with\nrespect to the corresponding real-world scene.\nThe results indicate substantial diÆerences in perception of images produced by \nindividual tone mapping\noperators. We observe a clear distinction between global and local operators in \nfavor of the latter, and we\nclassify the tone mapping operators according to naturalness and appearance \nattributes.ce attributes.
Two Intracellular Signaling Pathways for the Dopamine D3 Receptor: Opposite and Synergistic Interactions with Cyclic AMP (1997)

As cerebral neurons express the dopamine D1 receptor positively coupled with adenylyl cyclase, together with the D3 receptor, we have investigated in a heterologous cell expression system the relationships of cyclic AMP with D3 receptor signaling pathways. In NG108-15 cells transfected with the human D3 receptor cDNA, dopamine, quinpirole, and other dopamine receptor agonists inhibited cyclic AMP accumulation induced by forskolin. Quinpirole also increased mitogenesis, assessed by measuring [3H]thymidine incorporation. This effect was blocked partially by genistein, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Forskolin enhanced by 50-75% the quinpirole-induced [3H]thymidine incorporation. This effect was maximal with 100 nM forskolin, occurred after 6-16 h, was reproduced by cyclic AMP-permeable analogues, and was blocked by a protein kinase A inhibitor. Forskolin increased D3 receptor expression up to 135%, but only after 16 h and at concentrations of > 1 microM. Thus, in this cell line, the D3 receptor uses two distinct signaling pathways: it efficiently inhibits adenylyl cyclase and induces mitogenesis, an effect possibly involving tyrosine phosphorylation. Activation of the cyclic AMP cascade potentiates the D3 receptor-mediated mitogenic response, through phosphorylation by a cyclic AMP-dependent kinase of a yet unidentified component. Hence, transduction of the D3 receptor can involve both opposite and synergistic interactions with cyclic AMP.
Penalized decomposition using residuals (PeDecURe) for feature extraction in the presence of nuisance variables (2022)

Neuroimaging data are an increasingly important part of etiological studies of neurological and psychiatric disorders. However, mitigating the influence of nuisance variables, including confounders, remains a challenge in image analysis. In studies of Alzheimer's disease, for example, an imbalance in disease rates by age and sex may make it difficult to distinguish between structural patterns in the brain (as measured by neuroimaging scans) attributable to disease progression and those characteristic of typical human aging or sex differences. Concerningly, when not properly accounted for, nuisance variables pose threats to the generalizability and interpretability of findings from these studies. Motivated by this critical issue, in this work, we examine the impact of nuisance variables on feature extraction methods and propose Penalized Decomposition Using Residuals (PeDecURe), a new method for obtaining nuisance variable-adjusted features. PeDecURe estimates primary directions of variation which maximize covariance between partially residualized imaging features and a variable of interest (e.g., Alzheimer's diagnosis) while simultaneously mitigating the influence of nuisance variation through a penalty on the covariance between partially residualized imaging features and those variables. Using features derived using PeDecURe's first direction of variation, we train a highly accurate and generalizable predictive model, as evidenced by its robustness in testing samples with different underlying nuisance variable distributions. We compare PeDecURe to commonly used decomposition methods (principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares) as well as a confounder-adjusted variation of PCA. We find that features derived from PeDecURe offer greater accuracy and generalizability and lower correlations with nuisance variables compared with the other methods. While PeDecURe is primarily motivated by challenges that arise in the analysis of neuroimaging data, it is broadly applicable to data sets with highly correlated features, where novel methods to handle nuisance variables are warranted.