gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Processing of graphene into a cantilever beam structure using a focused ion beam (2016)

A graphene cantilever beam of arbitrary shape by patterning suspended graphene using a focused ion beam (FIB) is fabricated. Suspended graphene was formed by transferring graphene over a trench structure and patterned the suspended graphene into a cantilever beam structure. When the suspended graphene is patterned by an FIB, the high‐ion irradiation of FIB deforms the shape of the cantilever beam; in contrast, low‐ion irradiation cannot penetrate the suspended graphene. An evaluation of the ion irradiation dose of the FIB and the damages caused to the suspended graphene confirmed that in the case of few‐layer graphene with a maximum of three layers, optimum processing can be performed by an ion irradiation of 6 × 10 16 ions/cm 2 . Under this condition, a graphene cantilever beam with a width of 1.34 μm and a length of 2.13 μm could be fabricated. Furthermore, the Raman spectroscopy results indicate that the FIB process does not significantly change the properties of the graphene.
A target site for template-based design of measles virus entry inhibitors (2004)

Measles virus (MV) constitutes a principal cause of worldwide mortality, accounting for almost 1 million deaths annually. Although a live-attenuated vaccine protects against MV, vaccination efficiency of young infants is low because of interference by maternal antibodies. Parental concerns about vaccination safety further contribute to waning herd immunity in developed countries, resulting in recent MV outbreaks. The development of novel antivirals that close the vaccination gap in infants and silence viral outbreaks is thus highly desirable. We previously identified a microdomain in the MV fusion protein (F protein) that is structurally conserved in the paramyxovirus family and constitutes a promising target site for rationally designed antivirals. Here we report the template-based development of a small-molecule MV inhibitor, providing proof-of-concept for our approach. This lead compound specifically inhibits fusion and spread of live MV and MV glycoprotein-induced membrane fusion. The inhibitor induces negligible cytotoxicity and does not interfere with receptor binding or F protein biosynthesis or transport but prevents F protein-induced lipid mixing. Mutations in the postulated target site alter viral sensitivity to inhibition. In silico docking of the compound in this microdomain suggests a binding model that is experimentally corroborated by a structure-activity analysis of the compound and the inhibition profile of mutated F proteins. A second-generation compound designed on the basis of the interaction model shows a 200-fold increase in antiviral activity, creating the basis for novel MV therapeutics. This template-based design approach for MV may be applicable to other clinically relevant members of the paramyxovirus family.
Angular analysis of charged and neutral B → Kμ + μ − decays (2014)

The angular distributions of the rare decays B + K + + -and B 0 K 0 S + -are studied with data corresponding to 3 fb -1 of integrated luminosity, collected in proton-proton collisions at 7 and 8 TeV centre-of-mass energies with the LHCb detector. The angular distribution is described by two parameters, F H and the forward-backward asymmetry of the dimuon system A FB , which are determined in bins of the dimuon mass squared. The parameter F H is a measure of the contribution from (pseudo)scalar and tensor amplitudes to the decay width. The measurements of A FB and F H reported here are the most precise to date and are compatible with predictions from the Standard Model.
Capabilities of GPT-4 on Medical Challenge Problems (2023)

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in natural language understanding and generation across various domains, including medicine. We present a comprehensive evaluation of GPT-4, a state-of-the-art LLM, on medical competency examinations and benchmark datasets. GPT-4 is a general-purpose model that is not specialized for medical problems through training or engineered to solve clinical tasks. Our analysis covers two sets of official practice materials for the USMLE, a three-step examination program used to assess clinical competency and grant licensure in the United States. We also evaluate performance on the MultiMedQA suite of benchmark datasets. Beyond measuring model performance, experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of test questions containing both text and images on model performance, probe for memorization of content during training, and study probability calibration, which is of critical importance in high-stakes applications like medicine. Our results show that GPT-4, without any specialized prompt crafting, exceeds the passing score on USMLE by over 20 points and outperforms earlier general-purpose models (GPT-3.5) as well as models specifically fine-tuned on medical knowledge (Med-PaLM, a prompt-tuned version of Flan-PaLM 540B). In addition, GPT-4 is significantly better calibrated than GPT-3.5, demonstrating a much-improved ability to predict the likelihood that its answers are correct. We also explore the behavior of the model qualitatively through a case study that shows the ability of GPT-4 to explain medical reasoning, personalize explanations to students, and interactively craft new counterfactual scenarios around a medical case. Implications of the findings are discussed for potential uses of GPT-4 in medical education, assessment, and clinical practice, with appropriate attention to challenges of accuracy and safety.
Identification of Farnesyl Pyrophosphate and N-Arachidonylglycine as Endogenous Ligands for GPR92 (2008)

A series of small compounds acting at the orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR92 were screened using a signaling pathway-specific reporter assay system. Lipid-derived molecules including farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP), N-arachidonylglycine (NAG), and lysophosphatidic acid were found to activate GPR92. FPP and lysophosphatidic acid were able to activate both G(q/11)- and G(s)-mediated signaling pathways, whereas NAG activated only the G(q/11)-mediated signaling pathway. Computer-simulated modeling combined with site-directed mutagenesis of GPR92 indicated that Thr(97), Gly(98), Phe(101), and Arg(267) of GPR92 are responsible for the interaction of GPR92 with FPP and NAG. Reverse transcription-PCR analysis revealed that GPR92 mRNA is highly expressed in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) but faint in other brain regions. Peripheral tissues including, spleen, stomach, small intestine, and kidney also expressed GPR92 mRNA. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that GPR92 is largely co-localized with TRPV1, a nonspecific cation channel that responds to noxious heat, in mouse and human DRG. FPP and NAG increased intracellular Ca(2+) levels in cultured DRG neurons. These results suggest that FPP and NAG play a role in the sensory nervous system through activation of GPR92.
Mechanisms of action of eperisone on isolated dog saphenous arteries and veins. (1989)

Effects of eperisone, an antispasmodic in skeletal muscle, were investigated in helical strips of dog saphenous artery and vein. Eperisone relaxed saphenous arteries and veins previously contracted with norepinephrine, serotonin, acetylcholine, K+, or Ba2+; but in contrast, it produced contractions in the blood vessels contracted with prostaglandin (PG) F2 alpha. Treatment with eperisone attenuated the contractions induced by norepinephrine and serotonin in the arteries and those by clonidine and phenylephrine in the veins. Eperisone inhibited angiotensin II-induced relaxations, mediated possibly by endogenous PGI2, but did not alter relaxations caused by exogenous PGI2. Treatment with eperisone (10(-5) M) potentiated the contractile response to electrical stimulation of adrenergic nerves; the potentiating effect was suppressed by yohimbine. The eperisone-induced contraction in PGF2 alpha-contracted arteries was inhibited by treatment with indomethacin or aspirin, although cyclooxygenase activity was not inhibited by eperisone. These results may indicate that eperisone blocks postjunctional alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenergic, muscarinic, serotonergic receptors and prejunctional alpha 2 adrenoceptors and reduces PGI2 synthesis via a mechanism other than cyclooxygenase inhibition.
Demonstration of Two-Qubit Quantum Algorithms with a Solid-State Electronic Processor (2009)

We present the experimental implementation of two-qubit quantum algorithms in a superconducting circuit. Our processor incorporates local and fast flux biasing of two transmon qubits within a circuit QED architecture. An off-resonant cavity bus shields the qubits from the external environment and couples them to each other via virtual photon exchange. Meanwhile, integrated short-circuited coplanar waveguides proximal to each qubit allow nanosecond control of their frequencies. We demonstrate flux-controlled single-qubit z rotations and a qubit-qubit conditional phase (c-phase) interaction with a coupling strength tunable by two orders of magnitude. These operations are combined with frequency-multiplexed x and y rotations to form a set of gates universal for quantum computation. Dispersive frequency shifts of the cavity bus allow tomography of the two-qubit state, and accurate determination of state purity, fidelity and entanglement. The processor is first programmed to generate and detect entanglement on demand using sequences of five single-qubit operations and one c-phase. The four Bell states are generated with fidelities better than 90%, corresponding to a concurrence of 0.85 or an entanglement of formation of 0.8. Next, the Grover search algorithm is implemented by concatenating eight single-qubit and two c-phases operations. The fidelity of the algorithm output states to the theoretical ideal is ~ 80%, consistent with the observed T1 times ~ 1 us and the total duration ~ 130 ns of the algorithm sequence. We also program and execute the Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm, finding similar performance. Prospects for scaling the processor beyond two qubits will be discussed. Research supported by NSF, NSA and ARO.
Genotyping Accuracy of High-Resolution DNA Melting Instruments (2014)

High-resolution melting detects heterozygotes with excellent accuracy, but homozygote accuracy is dependent on detection mode, analysis software, and PCR product size, as well as melting temperature differences between, and variation within, homozygotes.
MediaGLOW (2009)

We designed an interactive visual workspace, MediaGLOW, that supports users in organizing personal and shared photo collections. The system interactively places photos with a spring layout algorithm using similarity measures based on visual, temporal, and geographic features. These similarity measures are also used for the retrieval of additional photos. Unlike traditional spring-based algorithms, our approach provides users with several means to adapt the layout to their tasks. Users can group photos in stacks that in turn attract neighborhoods of similar photos. Neighborhoods partition the workspace by severing connections outside the neighborhood. By placing photos into the same stack, users can express a desired organization that the system can use to learn a neighborhood-specific combination of distances.
Thiourethane-functionalized fillers: biological properties and degradation resistance (2020)

This study determined the effect of thiourethane-functionalized fillers (TU) on the antimicrobial properties, cytotoxicity, degree of conversion (DC), water sorption (Wsp) and solubility (Wsl) of experimental composites. TU-modified fillers were added at different ratios in experimental composites: 0 (Control-TU0), 25% (TU25), 50% (TU50), 75% (TU75) and 100wt% (TU100). The antimicrobial properties were detected through the exhaustion test and counting of Streptococus mutans colonies for biofilm formation. Cytotoxicity to human gingival fibroblasts was evaluated in three different parameters: XTT (2,3-Bis-(2-Methoxy-4-Nitro-5-Sulfophenyl)-2H-Tetrazolium-5-Carboxanilide), NRU (Neutral Red Uptake assay) and CVDE (Crystal Violet Dye Exclusion test)) at the same cells. ELISA was used to measure the IL-6 and b-FGF biomarkers. DC was determined by Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy, while Wsp and Wsl by mass variations. Inhibitory capacity of biofilm formation was not observed for any material. All groups presented at least 70% of cell survival within the observed periods (24h and 7 days). Positive control (toxic) had high IL-6 values and low b-FGF values. No significant variations in DC, Wsp, and Wsl were observed among the experimental groups. The use of thiourethane did not present antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity and the tested materials presented equivalent properties to those conventionally used in dentistry.
P19-26. Directing macaque immune responses with an anti-dendritic cell HIV Gag p24 fusion protein vaccine (2009)

International audience
PlayTogether: Playing Games across Multiple Interactive Tabletops (2006)

Playing games together can be surprisingly difficult – people have limited free time and are tending to live live farther away from friends and family. We introduce PlayTogether, a system that lets people play typical (and as-yet-unimagined) board games together even when they are far away from each other. We have adapted the PlayAnywhere tabletop system so that multiple remotely located people can engage in game-play. PlayTogether enhances the play experience by exchanging carefully composited video of remote players’ hands and real game pieces. The video that is transmitted mimics a player’s viewpoint via careful camera location. Because PlayTogether’s camera senses in the infrared, it is easy to distinguish between objects in the camera’s view and projected imagery. These capabilities create an interesting and engaging way to blend the virtual and real in multi-player gaming.
J0802-4-1 Mechanical properties of zirconia based electrolytes evaluated by nano-indentation test (2010)

Young's modulus and hardness of polycrystalline sintered compacts of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), (Y_20_3)_<0.08>(Zr0_2)_<0.92> and gadolinium-doped ceria (GDC) (Gd_2O_3)_<0.05>(Ce0_2)_<0.90> were investigated by using the nano-indentation method. Together with results obtained by the secondary electron microscope observation and the electron backscattering diffraction analysis, the effect of the crystal orientation on the mechanical properties was discussed. It was empirically demonstrated that the Young's moduli of YSZ and GDC depend on the crystal orientation. The Young's moduli of YSZ and GDC showed the highest values on the (001) surface while the lowest values on the (111) surface. However, the observed anisotropy of the Young's modulus of YSZ was rather small compared with predicted one from the single crystal elastic constants in literature.
Phenotypic Switching in Cryptococcus neoformans Results in Changes in Cellular Morphology and Glucuronoxylomannan Structure (1999)

Cryptococcus neoformans strains exhibit variability in their capsular polysaccharide, cell morphology, karyotype, and virulence, but the relationship between these variables is poorly understood. A hypovirulent C. neoformans 24067A isolate, which usually produces smooth (SM) colony types, was found to undergo phenotypic switching and to produce wrinkled (WR) and pseudohyphal (PH) colony types at frequencies of approximately 10(-4) to 10(-5) when plated on Sabouraud agar. Cells from these colony types had large polysaccharide capsules and PH morphology, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy showed that different colony types were the result of altered cellular packing in the colony. Phenotypic switching was associated with quantitative and qualitative changes in capsular polysaccharide. Specifically, the glucuronoxylomannan (GXM) of the WR polysaccharide differed in the proportion of structural reporter groups and in increased xylose residue content linked at the 4 to 0 position. The relative virulence of the colony types was WR > PH > SM, as measured by CFU in rat lungs after intratracheal infection. Karyotype instability was observed in strain 24067A and involved primarily two chromosomes. Colonies with an alternative colony type exhibited more karyotype changes, which did not revert to the original karyotype in reverted colonies. In summary, this study revealed that phenotypic switching in C. neoformans (i) can produce WR colonies consisting of cells with either large capsule or PH morphology, (ii) is associated with production of structurally different GXM, (iii) is commonly associated with karyotype changes, (iv) can produce cells of PH morphology, and (v) can increase the virulence of a strain. Hence, phenotypic switching is an adaptive mechanism linked to virulence that can generate cell types with very different biological characteristics.
STRONG IN SMALL AND WEAK AT LARGE: THOUGHTS AND BOUNDS ON HIGHER-DIMENSIONAL GRAVITY (2008)

Gravity in a higher-dimensional scenario is one of the most topical of research subjects due to the possibility of decisive results from experiments. The field exhibits duality of various kinds. On the one hand, the weakness of gravity and the hierarchy issues are handled with some success as one cascades from a larger number of small dimensions with strong gravity to a smaller number of dimensions of larger space with weaker effective gravity. On the experimental front, the highest energy accelerator and the weakest energy mechanical oscillators available to us today are simultaneously focussed at the TeV scale to address new features in gravity physics. This intriguing scenario and its conceptual and phenomenological aspects are examined here, with new results from considerations of hitherto-unexplored higher-dimensional gravitomagnetic effects at the atomic scale.
Surface Stress Sensitive Film as a Separation Control Sensor (2012)

Low Reynolds number boundary layer separation causes reduced aerodynamic performance in a variety of applications such as MAVs, UAVs, and turbomachinery. The inclusion of a boundary layer separation control system offers a way to improve efficiency in conditions that would otherwise result in poor performance. Many effective passive and active boundary layer control methods exist. Active methods offer the ability to turn on, off, or adjust parameters of the flow control system with either an open loop or closed loop control strategy using sensors. This research investigates the use of a unique sensor called Surface Stress Sensitive Film (S3F) in a closed loop, low Reynolds number separation control system. S3F is an elastic film that responds to flow pressure gradients and shear stress along its wetted surface, allowing optical measurement of wall pressure and skin friction. The S3F sensor was integrated into the curved airfoil surface so as not to perturb the boundary layer. In this proof of concept investigation the S3F image signal was acquired via high speed interface and analyzed using an off board control system. The S3F displacement signal was used directly in a closed loop separation control system to drive a Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) plasma actuator used to control laminar boundary layer separation on an Eppler 387 airfoil over a range of low Reynolds numbers. Operation of the plasma actuator resulted in a 33% reduction in section drag coefficient and reattachment of an otherwise separated boundary layer. A simple On/Off controller and Proportional Integral (PI) controller were used to close the control loop.
Concepts and designs of life support systems (2008)

Beyond other problems total artificial hearts (TAHs), available on today&apos;s market, contain many wear-prone components. Thus a desired lifespan of five years can not be achieved. Durability and operation with low wear are one basic requirement, as failure is an immediate threat to patient&apos;s life. These attributes can be found in linear motors. In this paper a list of requirements for TAHs is presented. The potential of a linear motor as TAH&apos;s drive is shown by a first prototype. Based on this prototype, two new motor concepts are developed. These two concepts are compared with conventional rotary TAH systems, available on today&apos;s market.
Surface-Induced Ordering in Asymmetric Block Copolymers (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSurface-Induced Ordering in Asymmetric Block CopolymersY. Liu, W. Zhao, X. Zheng, A. King, A. Singh, M. H. Rafailovich, J. Sokolov, K. H. Dai, E. J. Kramer, and Cite this: Macromolecules 1994, 27, 14, 4000–4010Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1994https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00092a047RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views628Altmetric-Citations107LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (5 MB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Lactarane Type Sesquiterpenoids as Inhibitors of Leukotriene Biosynthesis and Other, New Metabolites from Submerged Cultures of Lentinellus cochleatus (Pers. ex Fr.) Karst (1996)

Three known sesquiterpenoids of the lactarane and secolactarane type, deoxylactarorufin A (1), blennin A (2) and blennin C (3), have been obtained from cultures of Lentinellus cochleatus (Basidiomycetes) together with the new metabolites (Z)-2-chloro-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-propen-1-ol (4) and lentinellone (5), a protoilludane derivative. The structures were determined by spectroscopic investigations. 1, 2 and 3 are potent inhibitors of leukotriene biosynthesis in rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-1) cells and human peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL).
Radon-Transform-Based Image Enhancement for Microelectronic Chip Inspection (2010)

In this paper, we present a new numerical approach for enhancing the resolving power of low-resolution (LR) images, which can be applied for failure analysis of microelectronic chips. The resolution improvement is based upon a numerical iterative comparison between a Radon transform of a high-resolution layout image and a Radon transform of an LR experimentally captured image of the same region of interest.