gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The anatomic location and importance of the tibialis posterior fascicular bundle at the sciatic nerve bifurcation: report of 3 cases (2019)

The authors present the cases of 3 patients with severe injuries affecting the peroneal nerve combined with loss of tibialis posterior function (inversion) despite preservation of other tibial nerve function. Loss of tibialis posterior function is problematic, since transfer of the tibialis posterior tendon is arguably the best reconstructive option for foot drop, when available. Analysis of preoperative imaging studies correlated with operative findings and showed that the injuries, while predominantly to the common peroneal nerve, also affected the lateral portion of the tibial nerve/division near the sciatic nerve bifurcation. Sunderland's fascicular topographic maps demonstrate the localization of the fascicular bundle subserving the tibialis posterior to the area that corresponds to the injury. This has clinical significance in predicting injury patterns and potentially for treatment of these injuries. The lateral fibers of the tibial division/nerve may be vulnerable with long stretch injuries. Due to the importance of tibialis posterior function, it may be important to perform internal neurolysis of the tibial division/nerve in order to facilitate nerve action potential testing of these fascicles, ultimately performing split nerve graft repair when nerve action potentials are absent in this important portion of the tibial nerve.
Flexible packet-optical integration in the cloud age: Challenges and opportunities for network delayering (2014)

The telecommunication community has reached a broad consensus on the vision that future transport architecture will be dominated by optical in combination with IP. This implies a complete reassignment of the functions traditionally handled by legacy intermediate layers to packet and optical layers only. Here, current advances in photonic technologies and architectures enable the optical layer to become the ideal companion of the packet world and to unlock an effective packet offload toward flexible and dynamic optical pipes. A global crosslayer optimization is needed to minimize the misalignment between cost and revenues, and manage the rising tide of IP traffic. In this article, we describe this evolving path and explore the impact on network planning and traffic provisioning, also considering implications on the cloud scenario and sighting the software defined networks horizon.
Control of IgG glycosylation in CHO cell perfusion cultures by GReBA mathematical model supported by a novel targeted feed, TAFE (2020)

The N-linked glycosylation pattern is an important quality attribute of therapeutic glycoproteins. It has been reported by our group and by others that different carbon sources, such as glucose, mannose and galactose, can differently impact the glycosylation profile of glycoproteins in mammalian cell culture. Acting on the sugar feeding is thus an attractive strategy to tune the glycan pattern. However, in case of feeding of more than one carbon source simultaneously, the cells give priority to the one with the highest uptake rate, which limits the usage of this tuning, e.g. the cells favor consuming glucose in comparison to galactose. We present here a new feeding strategy (named 'TAFE' for targeted feeding) for perfusion culture to adjust the concentrations of fed sugars influencing the glycosylation. The strategy consists in setting the sugar feeding such that the cells are forced to consume these substrates at a target cell specific consumption rate decided by the operator and taking into account the cell specific perfusion rate (CSPR). This strategy is applied in perfusion cultures of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, illustrated by ten different regimes of sugar feeding, including glucose, galactose and mannose. Applying the TAFE strategy, different glycan profiles were obtained using the different feeding regimes. Furthermore, we successfully forced the cells to consume higher proportions of non-glucose sugars, which have lower transport rates than glucose in presence of this latter, in a controlled way. In previous work, a mathematical model named Glycan Residues Balance Analysis (GReBA) was developed to model the glycosylation profile based on the fed carbon sources. The present data were applied to the GReBA to design a feeding regime targeting a given glycosylation profile. The ability of the model to achieve this objective was confirmed by a multi-round of leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV), leading to the conclusion that the GReBA model can be used to design the feeding regime of a perfusion cell culture to obtain a desired glycosylation profile.
Histological validation of a new CMR T1-mapping-based protocol to improve accuracy for fibrosis assessment in patients with aortic stenosis (2016)

We have confirmed that ECV can provide accurate correlation with histological overall fibrosis.
Typhoon observations using the interferometric GNSS-R technique (2014)

Typhoon motoring using Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals is a new application of the GNSS-R technique, with increasing interest in the last years. Examples of that can be the CYGNSS (Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System) spaceborne mission proposed by NASA, or the TIGRIS (Typhoon Investigation using GNSS-R Interferometric Signals) experiment, conducted in the framework of ESA-China cooperation. This paper focuses on the TIGRIS experiment, presenting the preliminary results obtained using the interferometric GNSS-R (iGNSS-R) technique.
Electrooptic properties of transparent ferroelectric glass&#8212;Ceramic systems (1969)

The electrooptic and ferroelectric properties of glass-ceramic systems containing Na <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.5</inf> K <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.5</inf> NbO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> and BaTiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> as the crystalline phases are presented. Domain activity is observed by dielectric and optical hysteresis measurements, although it becomes significant only at the larger crystallite size. Thus, the samples transmit light to only a small extent. Bistable optical switching has been achieved with 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sup> V/cm, 100-µs duration pulses. The ratio of transmission measured between crossed polarizers is 2:1.
NfP2X7, a novel target for immune therapeutic approaches in cancer treatment. (2013)

3094 Background: P2X 7 receptor, a ligand-gated channel, is activated by extracellular ATP and mediates ATP induced apoptosis. Several polymorphisms leading to loss of function of P2X 7 have been described. Overexpression of non-functioning P2X 7 receptor (nfP2X 7 ), able to form a Ca 2+ channel but not an apoptotic pore, is found on every type of cancer cell but no normal cells, making it a perfectly selective target for immune therapy approaches. Methods: Samples from various tumor types were analyzed for the expression of nfP2X 7 using immunohistochemistry. MoDC from n=6 patients with advanced metastatic sarcoma (2 osteosarcoma, 4 soft tissue sarcoma) with disease progression after failure of extensive standard therapies were primed against the nfP2X 7 using a specific peptide. MoDC were harvested, analyzed by flow cytometry and applied to the patient intradermaly. Specific T-cell response was analyzed by IFN-gamma Elispot. Results: nfP2X 7 is overexpressed in essentially all analyzed tumor samples from all cell types: epithelial, mesenchymal, neural, germinal examined in large numbers (n = 5 to &gt;1,000). The uniquely displayed epitope associated with the ATP binding site exposed on nfP2X 7 but hidden in P2X 7 was found on the cancer cell surface but not on the surface of any normal cells. MoDC primed with a specific peptide against nfP2X 7 show a distinct DC morphology and an up-regulation of the maturation marker CD83. Patients are 6-9 months (onset June 2012) under treatment at time of abstract submission. 2 patients have a disease stabilization. One further patient with a metastatic, rapidly growing osteosarcoma showed a mixed response. IFN-gamma Elispot, which was exemplarily performed, shows a nfP2X 7 -specific T-cell response. Conclusions: Efficient inductions of an antitumor response by dendritic cell therapy require the definition and choice of an optimal target, being expressed in almost all kinds of tumors. nfP2X 7 , a set of non-functioning forms of the P2X 7 receptor unable to initiate apoptosis but maintaining channel activity, could therefore be an optimal universal candidate. The efficacy of dendritic-cell based therapy may be improved by priming the MoDC against nfP2X 7 and thus may improve the clinical outcome.
Photoreflectance of semi-insulating InP: Resistivity effects on the exciton phase (1991)

It is shown that photoreflectance (PR), a contactless form of modulation spectroscopy, can be used to measure the resistivity of semi-insulating InP:Fe substrates. PR measurements of the substrates, obtained from various vendors and laboratories, were performed at 82 K and had line shapes dominated by excitonic transitions. The phase angle of the line shape was found to be a measure of the bulk resistivity of the substrate. The behavior of the line shape phase angle is explained by the exciton ionization model, where the electric field near the surface of the sample is sufficient to ionize excitons. The extent of this ionizing electric field corresponds to an optical path length which enters additively into the exciton line shape phase. Samples with higher resistivities have ionizing electric fields of larger extent, increasing the phase angle of the exciton line shape.
Editorial: Biomechatronics: Harmonizing Mechatronic Systems With Human Beings (2018)

There has been a growing body of research in the recent years on human-robot interactions, human-machine interfaces and intelligent devices that are centered around human application, however, these works by and large lacked in focus on how to harmonize the interactions between mechatronic systems and users in the loop. This is one of the key areas for evaluating the success of any mechatronic system implementation on human. The collection of papers in this volume is touching upon the frontiers of this research area as to how the efficacy of such biomechatronic systems could be evaluated and improved. There are a total of 19 papers looking into various aspects of human-machine interfaces (HMIs) using electromyography (EMG) and electroencephalography (EEG), tactile feedback, external devices such as exoskeletons and prosthetic devices for assistance and rehabilitation, novel techniques like machine learning and intelligent computation, and experimental evaluation or validation. The following paragraphs aim to give a glimpse of the contents presented in this eBook. Specifically, these are categorized under three distinct headings: (A) Novel exoskeletons for assistance and training, (B) Advanced human-machine interfaces in biomechatronics, and (C) Experimental outcomes and validation.
Putting profit into power electronic products with digital control (2004)

This paper discusses challenges and opportunities in making commercially successful power electronic products that incorporate digital control. This paper reviews some of the differences between continuous and discrete time systems and controls. The remaining sections of this article examine specific applications, opportunities, and speculations regarding digital control in power electronic systems. Basic issues of control and specifically, digital control are also discussed.
Histone demethylase Jmjd3 is required for the development of subsets of retinal bipolar cells (2014)

Di- and trimethylation of lysine 27 on histone H3 (H3K27me2/3) is an important gene repression mechanism. H3K27me2/3-specific demethylase, Jmjd3, was expressed in the inner nuclear layer during late retinal development. In contrast, H3K27 methyltransferase, Ezh2, was highly expressed in the embryonic retina but its expression decreased rapidly after birth. Jmjd3 loss of function in the developing retina resulted in failed differentiation of PKC-positive bipolar cell subsets (rod-ON-BP) and reduced transcription factor Bhlhb4 expression, which is critical for the differentiation of rod-ON-BP cells. Overexpression of Bhlhb4, but not of other BP cell-related genes, such as transcription factors Neurod and Chx10, in Jmjd3-knockdown retina rescued loss of PKC-positive BP cells. Populations of other retinal cell subsets were not significantly affected. In addition, proliferation activity and apoptotic cell number during retinal development were not affected by the loss of Jmjd3. Levels of histone H3 trimethyl Lys27 (H3K27me3) in the Bhlhb4 locus were lower in Islet-1-positive BP cells and amacrine cells than in the Islet-1-negative cell fraction. The Islet-1-negative cell fraction consisted mainly of photoreceptors, suggestive of lineage-specific demethylation of H3K27me3 in the Bhlhb4 locus. We propose that lineage-specific H3K27me3 demethylation of critical gene loci by spatiotemporal-specific Jmjd3 expression is required for appropriate maturation of retinal cells.
Preclinical evaluation of the cardiotoxicity of PK2: A novel HPMA copolymer–doxorubicin–galactosamine conjugate antitumour agent (2001)

PK2 is a polymeric anticancer conjugate composed of an N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymer backbone and pendant doxorubicin (DOX) linked via a Gly-Phe-Leu-Gly peptide spacer. Additionally galactose residues are present to facilitate liver targeting. To justify clinical evaluation of PK2 it was necessary to determine its late cardiotoxicity compared to that of free DOX. A well standardised Sprague-Dawley rat model was used with either intravenous (i.v.) administration (4, 8 and 12 mg/kg DOX equivalent) or intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration (12, 18, 24 and 36 mg/kg DOX equivalent) of PK2. This variation in the route was due to the limited solubility of PK2 at higher doses. PK2 showed two to three times less acute toxicity (assessed by the maximum reduction in body weight in the first 2 weeks) than free DOX, and both compounds were less toxic when given i.p.. No animals given PK2 i.v. showed clinical signs of cardiotoxicity, the only toxicity seen was abnormal tooth growth (approximately 50% of the animals receiving 12 mg/kg, DOX equivalent). In contrast, several animals receiving free DOX (1-4 mg/kg) i.v. died due to cardiotoxicity in an approximately dose-related manner. All animals receiving free DOX (4 mg/kg) died by 12 weeks. Following i.p. administration of PKZ there were only two late deaths related to cardiotoxicity and these were in the 24 mg/kg DOX equivalent group. All animals receiving PK2 at the highest dose (36 mg/kg DOX equivalent) died within 4 weeks, cardiotoxicity was not the main contributing factor. In this study, PK2 displayed a approximately 5-fold reduction in cardiotoxicity relative to free DOX and this supported the progression of PK2 into early clinical investigation.
TREATMENT OF POSTERIOR SHOULDER INSTABILITY BY BONE BLOCK: 18 CASES (2004)

Purpose: Posterior instability of the shoulder requires surgical treatment in involuntary forms and after failure of functional treatment. As for anterior instability, a bone block can be fashioned from an iliac graft or a pediculated graft harvested from the acromion. This retrospective analysis concerned the results obtained in eighteen consecutive cases. Material and methods: This series included ten men and eight women, mean age 26 years (15–42) at time of surgery. Fourteen (77%) practised sports activities including four at competition level. Symptoms had persisted for four years on the average. For three patients (16%) posterior instability was expressed by recurrent luxation subluxation. For nine patients (50%) posterior subluxation was a common involuntary event. Six patients suffered from painful shoulders due to an unrecognised posterior instability accident. Diagnosis of posterior instability was establised by arthroscopy in seven patients (39%). For nine shoulders the intervention consisted in a screwed posterior iliac block associated with a tension procedure on the capsule (group 1). For the other nine shoulders the block was harvested from the acromion and pediculated on the deltoid (group 2). Results: Mean follow-up for all patients was eight years. The Duplay score was 75 points at last follow-up. Twelve patients (85% of the athletes) were able to resume their sports activities, half at the same level. Nine patients were pain free. Six patients (33%) had persistent apprehension but did not present true recurrence at physical examination. The Duplay score was 69.4 points in group 1 (follow-up 12 years) and 82.2 points in group 2 (follow-up three years). Thirteen patients (77%) did not have any sign of joint degeneration at last follow-up. One patient had advanced stage IV degeneration related to an intra-articular screw. All patients felt their shoulder had been improved by surgery and one third were disappointed with the results. Discussion: Use of a posterior block is an effective treatent for posterior instability giving results comparable with those obtained with anterior blocks in terms of shoulder stability, pain, recovery of motion, and subjective outcome. This procedure favours joint degeneration less than anterior stabilisation. Results obtained with pediculated acromial blocks are encouraging.
The Fission Yeast Gene Encoding Monothiol Glutaredoxin 5 Is Regulated by Nitrosative and Osmotic Stresses (2005)

Glutaredoxin (Grx) is a small, heat-stable redox protein acting as a multi-functional glutathione (GSH)-dependent disulfide oxidoreductase. We have cloned the monothiol Grx5 gene from the genomic DNA of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. It has 1,904 bp, with one intron, and encodes a putative protein of 146 amino acids with a molecular mass of 16.5 kDa. Recombinant Grx5 produced functional Grx in S. pombe cells. NO-generating sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 1.0 and 2.0 mM) and potassium chloride (KCl, 0.2 and 0.5 M) increased the synthesis of beta-galactosidase from a Grx5-lacZ fusion gene, and transcription of Grx5 was also enhanced by SNP and KCl. Synthesis of beta-galactosidase from the Grx5-lacZ fusion was lower in Pap1-negative TP108-3C cells than in wild type KP1 cells, and when Pap1 was overproduced in KP1 cells, the level of beta-galactosidase increased. We also found that Pap1 is involved in the induction of Grx5 by SNP and KCl. S. pombe Grx5 may play a crucial role in responses to nitrosative and osmotic stresses.
Intermittent locomotion of a self-propelled plate (2019)

Many fish and marine animals swim in a combination of active burst and passive coast phases, which is known as burst-and-coast swimming. The immersed boundary method was used to explore the intermittent locomotion of a three-dimensional self-propelled plate. The degree of intermittent locomotion can be defined in terms of the duty cycle (DC = Tb/Tf), which is the ratio of the interval of the burst phase (Tb) to the total flapping period (Tf = Tb + Tc), where Tc is the interval of the coast phase. The average cruising speed (ŪC), the input power (P¯), and the swimming efficiency (η) were determined as a function of the duty cycle (DC). The maximum ŪC arises for DC = 0.9, whereas the maximum η arises for DC = 0.3. The hydrodynamics of the intermittent locomotion was analyzed by examining the superimposed configurations of the plate and the phase map. The characteristics of the flapping motions in the burst and coast phases are discussed. A modal analysis was performed to examine the role of the flapping motion in the propulsion mechanism. The velocity map and the vortical structures are visualized to characterize qualitatively and quantitatively the influence of intermittent locomotion on propulsion.
Applying Pairwise Combinations of Amino Acid Mutations for Sorting Out Highly Efficient Glucosylation Tools for Chemo-Enzymatic Synthesis of Bacterial Oligosaccharides (2012)

Iterative saturation mutagenesis and combinatorial active site saturation focused on vicinal amino acids were used to alter the acceptor specificity of amylosucrase from Neisseria polysaccharea , a sucrose-utilizing α-transglucosidase, and sort out improved variants. From the screening of three semirational sublibraries accounting in total for 20,000 variants, we report here the isolation of three double mutants of N. polysaccharea amylosucrase displaying a spectacular specificity enhancement toward both sucrose, the donor substrate, and the allyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranoside acceptor as compared to the wild-type enzyme. Such levels of activity improvement have never been reported before for this class of carbohydrate-active enzymes. X-ray structure of the best performing enzymes supported by molecular dynamics simulations showed local rigidity of the -1 subsite as well as flexibility of loops involved in active site topology, which both account for the enhanced catalytic performances of the mutants. The study well illustrates the importance of taking into account the local conformation of catalytic residues as well as protein dynamics during the catalytic process, when designing enzyme libraries.
A New Approach for the ortho‐Substitution of Anilines and for the Synthesis of Indolines. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Txr1: a transcriptional regulator of thrombospondin-1 that modulates cellular sensitivity to taxanes (2006)

Using transcripts initiated at a chromosomally integrated retrovirus-based promoter to perturb gene expression randomly in human prostate cancer cells, we isolated cell clones resistant to taxane lethality and discovered the role of a previously uncharacterized gene, txr1, in this phenotype. We show that txr1 impedes taxane-induced apoptosis in tumor cells by transcriptionally down-regulating the production of thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1)--known earlier for both its anti-angiogenic and proapoptotic actions. Decrease of Txr1 or treatment with TSP-1 or TSP-1 mimetic peptide sensitized cells to taxane cytotoxicity by activating signaling through the CD47 receptor (also known as the integrin-associated protein), whereas interference with CD47 function reduced taxane-induced cell death. Cellular abundance of Txr1 and TSP-1 varied inversely, and alteration of the level of both proteins correlated highly with taxol resistance in 13 of 19 NCI-60 cancer cell lines. Our results reveal a hitherto unsuspected mechanism of taxane resistance, elucidate the role of txr1 in this resistance, and identify txr1 as a regulator of TSP-1 production and an agent for its chemotherapeutic modulation.