gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ex Vivo Wear of Conventional and Cross-linked Polyethylene Acetabular Liners (2005)

Explanted highly cross-linked polyethylene acetabular liners show third-body scratching. It was suggested that this surface damage could increase the wear rate of highly cross-linked polyethylene. We investigated the wear behavior of surgically explanted highly cross-linked and conventional acetabular liners using a hip simulator. Highly cross-linked explants showed no weight loss. The scratches and original machine marks of the highly cross-linked liners present at explantation remained during testing; the wear rates of these liners were 1.1 +/- 2.3 mg/million cycles, representing weight gain. In contrast, conventional liners showed wear rates of -12.9 +/- 1.4 mg/million cycles, representing weight loss. Wear was associated with rapid surface polishing and scratch elimination. After testing, the liners were melted to trigger shape memory and recover plastic deformation-induced surface changes. Highly cross-linked liners showed substantial recovery of original machining marks after melting, indicating that the scratches were a result of plastic deformation and not wear. None of the conventional polyethylenes showed any recovery after melting. The wear resistance of the highly cross-linked polyethylene studied was not compromised by surface changes that occurred during the first year of in vivo service.
Musa AAA and Jatropha curcas L. sap mediated TiO2 nanoparticles: Synthesis and characterization (2019)

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles were synthesized using East African highland banana (Musa AAA) and Jatropha curcas L. sap. The nanoparticles were characterized with X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). FT-IR peaks show presence of amino, carboxyl and hydroxyl groups on the crystal surface of the nanoparticles. XRD and Raman characteristic indicate anatase phases. The average crystallite size calculated from XRD peak width using Scherrer equation are 5.5 nm and 6.1 nm for Jatropha and Musa AAA sap TiO2 particles respectively. SEM images show polydispersed spherical clusters of agglomerated nanoparticles. The nanoparticles showed antimicrobial activity against gram-negative bacteria when irradiated in natural sunlight for 2 h. The sap extracts provide a simple, cheaper and more environmentally benign reducing and stabilizing agents for transforming transition metal salts into nano-scale particles, which have wide range of industrial applications.
Enzyme-catalyzed transhydrogenation between nicotinamide cofactors and its application in organic synthesis (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnzyme-catalyzed transhydrogenation between nicotinamide cofactors and its application in organic synthesisChi Huey Wong and George M. WhitesidesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 12, 3542–3544Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00376a067https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00376a067research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views144Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Time to first treatment and optimal adjuvant treatment strategy in patients with resectable gastric cancer pathologically upstaged to lymph node–positive disease. (2023)

473 Background: Treatment strategies in resectable gastric cancer (GC) patients include perioperative chemotherapy (PEC), postoperative chemoradiation therapy (POCR), and postoperative chemotherapy (POC). Treatment delay can lead to metastases with unfavorable outcomes. We aim to identify the distribution of patients upstaged to pathologically node positive disease (pLN+) stratified by time and the optimal treatment in this cohort. Methods: We analyzed resected GC patients in the National Cancer Database (2004-2016) with clinically node negative disease (cLN-). Time from diagnosis to first definitive therapy was stratified as ≤2, &gt;2 to ≤4, and &gt;4 weeks. The distribution of patients upstaged from cLN- to pLN+ disease, the concordance between cLN- and pathologically lymph node negative (pLN-) disease based on treatment strategy, and time to first definitive therapy was analyzed. POC and POCR were compared to evaluate their effect on overall survival (OS) in patients with cLN- upstaged to pLN+ disease. Kaplan-Meier test, log-rank test, multivariable Cox proportional hazards analysis (MVA) were performed. Results: Of the 4,828 gastric cancer patients with cLN- disease, 514 (10.65%) patients received PEC and 4,314 (89.35%) patients received upfront surgery followed by POCR/POC. Distribution of patients stratified by time between diagnosis to first definitive treatment - chemotherapy (PEC) or surgery (POC/POCR), for ≤2 weeks was 9.5% vs. 33%, &gt;2 - ≤4 weeks was 28.4% vs. 24.2% and &gt;4weeks was 62% vs 42.7%, respectively. Patients upstaged from cLN- to pLN+ disease in the PEC group was 43.37%(n=206), and 70%(n=2574) in the upfront surgery group (POC/POCR). Of the 206 (43.37%) patients upstaged from cLN- to pLN+ in the PEC cohort, the upstage rate was 7.77% when chemotherapy was started within 2 weeks of diagnosis, compared to 27.67% with &gt;2 to ≤4 weeks, and 64.56% with &gt;4 weeks. Of the 2,574 (70%) patients upstaged in the upfront surgery cohort (POCR/POC), 30.61% were upstaged in ≤2 weeks, 24.95% in &gt;2 to ≤4 weeks, and 44.44% in ≥4 weeks. On MVA, patients with cLN- disease that were pLN- (POCR=766, POC=341) had no significant difference in OS when treated with POCR (HR 1.11, p=0.39) compared to POC. Patients with pLN+ (POCR=2300, POC=907) disease had an association with improved OS when treated with POCR (HR 0.78, p&lt;0.001) compared to POC. Conclusions: When resectable gastric cancer patients undergoing upfront surgery are upstaged from clinically node negative to pathologically node positive disease, postoperative chemoradiation therapy may be the optimal treatment strategy compared to postoperative chemotherapy. Clinical nodal status may not be an optimal predictor of nodal disease.
Chemodivergent Organolanthanide Catalyzed C-H a-Mono-1 Borylation of Azines (2021)

C-H activation and functionalization of pyridinoid azines is a key transformation forthe synthesis of many natural products, pharmaceuticals, and materials. Reflecting the azinyl nitrogen lone-pair steric repulsion, tendency to irreversibly bind to metal ion catalysts, and the electron-deficient nature of pyridine, C-H functionalization at the important a-position remains challenging. Thus, the development of earth abundant catalysts for the a-selective mono-functionalization of azines is a crucial hurdle for modern chemical synthesis. Here, the selective organolanthanide catalyzed a-mono-borylation of a diverse series of pyridines is reported, affording a valuable precursor for cross-coupling reactions. Experimental and theoretical mechanistic evidence support the formation of a C-H activated η2-lanthanide-azine complex, followed by intermolecular a-mono-borylation via σ-bond metathesis. Notably, varying the lanthanide identity and substrate electronics promotes chemodivergence of the catalytic selectivity: smaller/more electrophilic lanthanide3+ ions and electron-rich substrates favor selective a-C-H functionalization, whereas larger/less electrophilic lanthanide3+ 1 ions and electron poor substrates favor selective B-N bond-forming 1,2-dearomatization. Such organolanthanide series catalytic chemodivergence is, to our knowledge, unprecedented.
ChemInform Abstract: Introduction to Aqueous Phase Organometallic Catalysis (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Structure of the Polymer Backbones in polyMOF Materials (2020)

The molecular connectivity of polymer−metal−organic framework (polyMOF) hybrid materials was investigated using density functional theory calculations and solid-state NMR spectroscopy. The architectural constraints that dictate the formation of polyMOFs were assessed by examining poly(1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid) (pbdc) polymers in two archetypical MOF lattices (UiO-66 and IRMOF-1). Modeling of the polyMOFs showed that in the IRMOF-1-type lattice, six, seven, and eight methylene (−CH2−) groups between 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate (terephthalate, bdc2–) units can be accommodated without significant distortions, while in the UiO-66-type lattice, an optimal spacing of seven methylene groups between bdc2– units is needed to minimize strain. Solid-state NMR supports these predictions and reveals pronounced spectral differences for the same polymer in the two polyMOF lattices. With seven methylene groups, polyUiO-66-7a shows 7 ± 3% of uncoordinated terephthalate linkers, while these are undetectable (<4%) in the corresponding polyIRMOF-1-7a. In addition, NMR-detected backbone mobility is significantly higher in the polyIRMOF-1-7a than in the corresponding polyUiO-66-7a, again indicative of taut chains in the latter.
Induction of fibroblast growth factor-2 by electrical stimulation in cultured retinal Mueller cells (2008)

It has been demonstrated that retinal Mueller cells, the predominant glial cells, produce neurotrophic factors including basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2), and that electrical stimulation enhances the transcription of FGF-2 in the central nervous system. In this study, the effect of electrical stimulation on the induction of FGF-2 in cultured rat Mueller cells was investigated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Both the messenger RNA and protein of FGF-2 were significantly upregulated after electrical stimulation compared with that of controls. These results suggest that electrical stimulation may directly induce the production of FGF-2 in the retina.
Modeling the Effects of Ion Association on Direct-Current Polarization of Solid Polymer Electrolytes (2000)

Considerable experimental evidence indicates that ion association occurs in solid polymer electrolytes. This work provides a thorough theoretical analysis of the effect of ion association on the conductivity, general current‐potential behavior, and limiting current density in a solid polymer electrolyte. The model employs dilute solution theory to describe the fluxes of cations, anions, and ion pairs in a motionless continuum but neglects higher order association. The predictions of the model highlight the effects of the relative diffusion coefficients and dimensionless association constant on concentration distributions of simple ions and ion pairs, the limiting current density, and the potential drop required to drive a specified current density. If ion pairs have a diffusivity comparable to those of cations and anions, increasing ion association leads to a continuous decrease in molar conductivity and current density at constant applied potential. If the ion pairs have a diffusivity that is large compared to cations, the situation is quite different. In this case, ion association increases the limiting current density to values that may be several times that found in the case of full dissociation. Furthermore, the model predicts maxima in the molar conductivity and current density at fixed potential drop as the degree of ion association increases. © 2000 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
A 6-femtosecond Sub-Terawatt All-Solid-State Ti:sapphire Laser System (2005)

Three-stage, 1-kHz amplifier system has been developed delivering 1-mJ, 6-fs pulses. These pulses were reached by compressing the output pulse of the third amplifier stage with a Neon filled hollow-fiber and broadband chirp-mirror compressor.
Beamformed Radio Link Capacity Under Positioning Uncertainty (2020)

Beamforming is one of the key technologies for achieving the high performance criteria in various modern and future wireless communications systems, in particular at the millimeter wave frequencies. In order to avoid or reduce the large signaling overhead and corresponding latency related to beam-training procedures, location-based beamforming utilizing available position information has been proposed. In this paper, by using the available position probability density function of a receiving device, we derive and analyze the capacity of a beamformed radio link, without and with beam-sweeping based beam training. Through the analysis, we show that by adjusting the beamforming and/or beam-training parameters appropriately, the radio link capacity can be optimized with respect to the prevailing positioning accuracy, and thus optimal utilization of radio resources is achieved with minimal radio access latency.
A fast exact least mean square adaptive algorithm (2002)

A general block-formulation is presented for the LMS (least-mean-square) algorithm for adaptive filtering. This formulation has an exact equivalence with the initial LMS, hence retaining the same convergence properties while allowing a reduction in the arithmetic complexity, even for very small block lengths. Furthermore, tradeoffs between number of operations and convergence rate are obtainable by applying certain approximations to a matrix involved in the algorithm. The usual block LMS (BLMS) hence appears as one of the possible approximations, which explains some of its properties.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Investigation of the Capture of Magnetic Particles From High-Viscosity Fluids Using Permanent Magnets (2015)

In the long term, this paper aims to facilitate optimization of the collection of magnetic particle-biomarker conjugates from high-viscosity biological fluids without the need to remove the fluid from a patient.
Novel hole-assisted lightguide fiber exhibiting large anomalous dispersion and low loss below 1 dB/km (2002)

We propose a novel holed fiber based on lightguiding by glass index difference and dispersion enhancement by holes. Due to the reduced power fraction in the holes, a record-breaking low loss of 0.82 dB/km at 1550 nm is achieved with extraordinarily large anomalous dispersion of +34 ps/nm/km.
Dialogue Act Tagging with Transformation-Based Learning (1998)

For the task of recognizing dialogue acts, we are applying the Transformation-Based Learning (TBL) machine learning algorithm. To circumvent a sparse data problem, we extract values of well-motivated features of utterances, such as speaker direction, punctuation marks, and a new feature, called dialogue act cues, which we find to be more effective than cue phrases and word n-grams in practice. We present strategies for constructing a set of dialogue act cues automatically by minimizing the entropy of the distribution of dialogue acts in a training corpus, filtering out irrelevant dialogue act cues, and clustering semantically-related words. In addition, to address limitations of TBL, we introduce a Monte Carlo strategy for training efficiently and a committee method for computing confidence measures. These ideas are combined in our working implementation, which labels held-out data as accurately as any other reported system for the dialogue act tagging task.
Finding simple intensity descriptions from event sequence data (2001)

Sequences of events are an important type of data arising in various applications, including telecommunications, bio-statistics, web access analysis, etc. A basic approach to modeling such sequences is to find the underlying intensity functions describing the expected number of events per time unit. Typically, the intensity functions are assumed to be piecewise constant. We therefore consider different ways of fitting intensity models to event sequence data. We start by considering a Bayesian approach using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods with varying number of pieces. These methods can be used to produce posterior distributions on the intensity functions and they can also accomodate covariates. The drawback is that they are computationally intensive and thus are not very suitable for data mining applications in which large numbers of intensity functions have to be estimated. We consider dynamic programming approaches to finding the change points in the intensity functions. These methods can find the maximum likelihood intensity function in O(n2k) time for a sequence of n events and k different pieces of intensity. We show that simple heuristics can be used to prune the number of potential change points, yielding speedups of several orders of magnitude. The results of the improved dynamic programming method correspond very closely with the posterior averages produced by the MCMC methods.
1MHz switching frequency POL with a fast response digital controller (2014)

In this paper, the proposed hardware logic type digital controller for on-board SMPS which has a very small time-delay in control loop has been described. Some experimental has been done including evaluation of load current change and frequency characteristic of open loop transfer function. These results have been revealed that the proposed circuit could be suppressed the time delay to sub - micro second order.
SynchrotronFTIR analysis of drug treated ovarian A2780 cells: an ability to differentiate cell response to different drugs? (2010)

Recently a new di-gold(I) organometallic complex [1,3-(Ph(3)PAu)(2)-C(6)H(4)] (KF0101) has been synthesised and found to exhibit cytotoxic activity in vitro. Subsequently it has been demonstrated that KF0101 shows little or no cross-resistance against a number of the cisplatin resistant ovarian cancer cell lines in vitro suggesting a different mode of action for the drug. In this study, syncrotron radiation infrared microspectroscopy (SR-IRMS) has been used on drug treated single A2780 cells in order to determine if this different mode of action can be identified spectroscopically. The aim of the study was to establish: (i) if single cell SR-IRMS could be used to give insight into the cellular response on treatment with different cytotoxic agents relative to non-treated cells (control) and (ii) that if the cytotoxic drugs elicit a different biochemical response these responses could be distinguished from each other. The most striking features obtained after Principal Components Analysis (PCA) of Resonant Mie Scattering (RMieS) corrected single cell spectra of drug treated ovarian A2780 cells are: (i) The spectra obtained for the control are quite heterogeneous and several hundred spectra are required to adequately define the nature of the control; (ii) after drug treatment at the IC50 level for 24 h with cisplatin, KF0101, methotrexate, paclitaxel or 5-fluorouracil the cell spectra, as represented on a PCA scores plot, generally concentrate in certain well defined areas of the control, there are however a small number of spectra that fall outside of the area defined by the control; and (iii) a differentiation between cell spectra obtained on treatment with different drugs is observed which fits well with different in vitro cell culture behaviour and a flow cytometry cell cycle analysis of the control and drug treated cells. Inspection of the loading plots shows that PC1 is essentially the same for all plots and reflects changes in cell biochemistry related to the cell cycle. PC2, however, on comparison of the control versus cisplatin or cisplatin versus KF0101 is indicative of differences induced by drug treatment and has been termed as cell cycle-plus behaviour. These data are shown to be consistent with that obtained using bench-top IRMS by averaging a number of single cell spectra and carrying out a PCA, but SR-IRMS offers more insight into how the drug is affecting the cell population. More importantly, this approach enables the influence of the cell cycle on both the control and drug treated samples to be taken into consideration when evaluating the drug-cell interaction.
In elderly persons live attenuated influenza A virus vaccines do not offer an advantage over inactivated virus vaccine in inducing serum or secretory antibodies or local immunologic memory (1991)

In a double-blind, randomized trial, 102 healthy elderly subjects were inoculated with one of four preparations: (i) intranasal bivalent live attenuated influenza vaccine containing cold-adapted A/Kawasaki/86 (H1N1) and cold-adapted A/Bethesda/85 (H3N2) viruses; (ii) parenteral trivalent inactivated subvirion vaccine containing A/Taiwan/86 (H1N1), A/Leningrad/86 (H3N2), and B/Ann Arbor/86 antigens; (iii) both vaccines; or (iv) placebo. To determine whether local or systemic immunization augmented mucosal immunologic memory, all volunteers were challenged intranasally 12 weeks later with the inactivated virus vaccine. We used a hemagglutination inhibition assay to measure antibodies in sera and a kinetic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to measure immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA antibodies in sera and nasal washes, respectively. In comparison with the live virus vaccine, the inactivated virus vaccine elicited higher and more frequent rises of serum antibodies, while nasal wash antibody responses were similar. The vaccine combination induced serum and local antibodies slightly more often than the inactivated vaccine alone did. Coadministration of live influenza A virus vaccine did not alter the serum antibody response to the influenza B virus component of the inactivated vaccine. The anamnestic nasal antibody response elicited by intranasal inactivated virus challenge did not differ in the live, inactivated, or combined vaccine groups from that observed in the placebo group not previously immunized. These results suggest that in elderly persons cold-adapted influenza A virus vaccines offer little advantage over inactivated virus vaccines in terms of inducing serum or secretory antibody or local immunological memory. Studies are needed to determine whether both vaccines in combination are more efficacious than inactivated vaccine alone in people in this age group.