gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
7.3.3 ‘That wasn't meant to happen!‘ Managing the hidden risks of system novelty (2011)

Abstract The introduction of new technology is a major challenge ‐ probably the major challenge ‐ for organisations such as Rolls‐Royce whose business is developing and maintaining complex systems. In competitive market conditions, an organisation which takes a too conservative approach will fall behind in the introduction of new technology and quickly lose market share. On the other hand an organisation which fails to understand and manage the risks associated with the introduction of new technology can face ballooning development costs, significant delays and major customer dissatisfaction. The TRL scale is now widely used, but if ‘new technology’ is viewed only at a component level, the risks engendered in integrating novel systems, perhaps combining mature components for novel purposes, will be underestimated. This paper describes recent progress within Rolls‐Royce in applying systems thinking to the integration of system level innovation into products, explaining that thinking, describing some process improvements and illustrating by way of two examples.
Rapid Characterization of Candidate Biomarkers for Pancreatic Cancer Using Cell Microarrays (CMAs) (2012)

Tissue microarrays have become a valuable tool for high-throughput analysis using immunohistochemical labeling. However, the large majority of biochemical studies are carried out in cell lines to further characterize candidate biomarkers or therapeutic targets with subsequent studies in animals or using primary tissues. Thus, cell line-based microarrays could be a useful screening tool in some situations. Here, we constructed a cell microarray (CMA) containing a panel of 40 pancreatic cancer cell lines available from American Type Culture Collection in addition to those locally available at Johns Hopkins. As proof of principle, we performed immunocytochemical labeling of an epithelial cell adhesion molecule (Ep-CAM), a molecule generally expressed in the epithelium, on this pancreatic cancer CMA. In addition, selected molecules that have been previously shown to be differentially expressed in pancreatic cancer in the literature were validated. For example, we observed strong labeling of CA19-9 antigen, a prognostic and predictive marker for pancreatic cancer. We also carried out a bioinformatics analysis of a literature curated catalog of pancreatic cancer biomarkers developed previously by our group and identified two candidate biomarkers, HLA class I and transmembrane protease, serine 4 (TMPRSS4), and examined their expression in the cell lines represented on the pancreatic cancer CMAs. Our results demonstrate the utility of CMAs as a useful resource for rapid screening of molecules of interest and suggest that CMAs can become a universal standard platform in cancer research.
Nuestro aporte a la comunidad para modificar realidades cotidianas a través de la extensión universitaria (2015)

Fil: Toresani, Silvia. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina
Burosumab experience in UK X-linked hypophosphataemia children under five years old (2019)

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences on calcified tissues ISSN 2052-1219 (online)
The treatment of multiple sclerosis (1995)

During the past year observations have been published that might lead to further improvement in the design of future clinical trials. At the same time, results of clinical trials have become available that suggest that a number of treatments could be of benefit in the care of patients in the various phases of multiple sclerosis. Future multiple sclerosis clinical trials should involve a blinded investigator restricted to assessing the clinical outcome variables, and because current evidence suggests that magnetic resonance imaging gives an objective and sensitive reflection of the biological evolution of the disease, such scanning should also be included. The use of a composite outcome variable in a trial of chronic progressive multiple sclerosis should also be considered in order to increase the percentage of patients reaching the clinical endpoint. In 1994 recommendations were published for the selection of relapsing-remitting patients for treatment with interferon beta-1b; furthermore, large and well performed clinical trials demonstrated that interferon beta-1a and copolymer-1 are also partially effective, though not curative, for these patients. Two smaller studies suggested that low-dose methotrexate and cladribine might have a beneficial effect on the course of the disease in patients with secondary chronic progressive multiple sclerosis, the former drug probably being less toxic. Unfortunately, therapeutic perspectives for patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis are less promising at present. Several studies suggest that 4-aminopyridine and tizanidine have therapeutic potential for symptomatic treatment; the former by improving neurological deficits, the latter by relieving troublesome spasticity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Photoluminescence quantum yield of pure and molecularly doped organic solid films (1999)

We present measurements of the absolute photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield, φPL, for a wide variety of organic compounds in solid films, pure and molecularly doped with strongly fluorescent materials. The procedure, which uses an integrating sphere, does not entail comparison to other standards, and provides accurate measure of the photoluminescence efficiency for submicron thick films, prepared by high vacuum vapor deposition. Host materials include N,N′-diphenyl-N,N′-bis(3-methylphenyl)-1,1′-biphenyl-4-4′-diamine (TPD), a common hole transport material for light emitting diodes, tris (8-hydroxyquinolinolato) aluminum (III) (Alq3) and its methyl derivative, Almq3, two aluminum chelates used as electron transport and/or green emitting materials. Dopants include tetraphenylnapthacene (rubrene) and N,N′-diethyl quinacridone (DEQ). Doping results in a substantial increase (∼a factor 2–4) of φPL in comparison with that of the pure host. For instance, measured φPL increases from 0.25 and 0.42 for pure Alq3 and Almq3, respectively, to near unity upon doping with rubrene at a concentration of ∼1 mol %. The above data are discussed within the framework of Förster energy transfer from host to guest.
No Viral Transcripts Associated with Folliculotropic Mycosis Fungoides Using a High Throughput Sequencing Approach (2017)

is missing (Short communication).
Possible structures of homopurine-homopyrimidine S1-hypersensitive sites (1984)

S1 nuclease hypersensitive sites in the 5' flanking regions of eukaryotic genes, present in small artificial supercoiled DNA circles, reside in homopurine-homopyrimidine stretches. The hierarchical behavior which these sites exhibit is consistent with the notion that they act as sinks of torsional free energy. By employing DMS as a single-strand-specific reagent, we show that these sites (despite their S1 sensitivity) are regions of duplex DNA. A simple thermodynamic treatment indicates that the high torsional stress in the small DNA circles is almost certain to be relieved by the formation of alternate DNA structures. The same treatment places some constraints on the types and sizes of the regions with alternate conformation. While no definitive structural conclusions can be drawn, left-handed helices seem most consistent with the extent and the pattern of sensitivity to S1 nuclease.
Dispersing Carbon Nanotubes in Water:  A Noncovalent and Nonorganic Way (2004)

A new noncovalent and nonorganic method has been utilized in dispersing single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in water, up to single tube level. SWNTs, otherwise flocculated in aqueous solutions, were stabilized through the addition of highly charged nanoparticles. The dispersed SWNTs could be self-assembled into macroscopic materials in solutions by the application of external stimuli. By anchoring the solution SWNTs onto pyrene-modified Si/SiO2 surfaces, discrete, individual nanotubes have been observed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). This new type of SWNT aqueous dispersions might open up new avenues in the fields of nanostructured materials, biological sensing, and nanotube electronics.
Propene Polymerization with C1-Symmetric Fluorenyl-Metallocene Catalysts (2017)

Propene homopolymers have been produced by employing three <i>C</i>₁-symmetric metallocene molecules (<b>1</b>, <b>2</b> and <b>3</b>), each having <i>t</i>-butyl substituent(s) on the <i>C</i>p, on the fluorenyl or on both aromatic moieties activated with methylaluminoxane at different polymerization temperatures and monomer concentrations. Polymers' microstructures determined by <sup>13</sup>C NMR spectroscopy suggest that the otherwise dominant alternating mechanism governed by the chain migratory insertion is largely replaced by the competing site epimerization mechanism, as a direct result of the imposing steric bulk of the <i>t</i>-butyl substituent on one of the distal positions of the <i>C</i>p moiety. This phenomenon is more pronounced with <b>3</b> when a second <i>t</i>-butyl is present in the same half-space of the molecule making the site epimerization mandatory. The lower activity of catalyst <b>3</b> with respect to catalyst <b>2</b> is also in line with the necessity for the polymer chain to back-skip (or the site to epimerize) to its original position before the subsequent monomer insertion. Chain end group analyses by ¹H NMR spectroscopy have revealed that the formation of vinylidene end groups, either via β-H elimination or as a result of direct chain transfer to the monomer after an ordinary 1,2-insertion is the prevailing chain termination route. A correlation between the relative concentrations of vinylidene end groups of polypropene (PP) polymers produced with each catalyst and the corresponding polypropenes' molar masses was found, indicating the lower the relative concentrations of vinylidene end groups, the higher the molar masses.
Osteoblast Ca2+ permeability and voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channel expression is temporally regulated by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (2005)

The cardiac subtype of the L-type voltage-sensitive Ca(2+) channel (VSCC) Cav1.2 (alpha(1C)) is the primary voltage-sensitive channel responsible for Ca(2+) influx into actively proliferating osteoblasts. This channel also serves as the major transducer of Ca(2+) signals in growth-phase osteoblasts in response to hormone treatment. In this study, we have demonstrated that 24-h treatment of MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) [1,25(OH)(2)D(3)], a coupling factor for bone resorption, coordinately downregulates Cav1.2 (alpha(1C)) and uniquely upregulates T-type channel Cav3.2 (alpha(1H)). No other voltage-sensitive channel alpha-subunit of the 10 that were surveyed was upregulated by 1,25(OH)(2)D(3). The shift from predominantly L-type to T-type channel expression has been demonstrated to occur at both mRNA and protein levels detected using quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry with antibodies specific for each channel type. Functional and pharmacological studies using specific inhibitors have revealed that treatment with 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) also alters the Ca(2+) permeability properties of the osteoblast membrane from a state of primarily L-current sensitivity to T-current sensitivity. We conclude that the L-type channel is likely to support proliferation of osteoblast cells, whereas T-type channels are more likely to be involved in supporting differentiated functions after 1,25(OH)(2)D(3)-mediated reversal of remodeling has occurred. This latter observation is consistent with the unique expression of the T-type VSCC Cav3.2 (alpha(1H)) in terminally differentiated osteocytes as we recently reported.
Correction: Effect of surfactant on Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization of polymer microparticles and flat films (2018)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1039/C8RA01491D.].
Comparison of UWB Radar Backscattering by the Human Torso and a Phantom (2018)

An Ultra Wide Band (UWB) radar is used to measure the backscattering of a human and a human phantom. The choice of material and shape for the human phantom is discussed. The dielectric properties of the material (wet sand) used in the experiment are measured by a retromodeling technique and also calculated by mixture formulas. The appropriate frequency choice for the application is discussed.
Characterization of (near) hermetic zero-level packages for MEMS (2005)

Zero-level packaging, i.e. the encapsulation of the MEMS device at wafer level, is an essential technique for MEMS miniaturization and cost reduction. A large number of different capping and sealing materials and techniques can be used. However, the testing and qualification of this type of packaging of MEMS devices requires special techniques. A number of conventional and new characterization techniques for mechanical and hermeticity testing are presented, as well as an overview about outgasing measurements and reliability testing.
Income Convergence in a Rural, Majority African-American Region (2008)

This paper revisits the issue of income convergence by examining the question of whether poorer Census Block Groups have been catching up with wealthier Census Block Groups over the 1980-2000 period. The dataset consists of 161 Census Block Groups in Alabama’s west-central Black Belt region. Estimates of a spatial lag model provide support for the conditional convergence hypothesis and explain roughly 60 percent of the variation in income growth. Income growth was positively and significantly correlated with education and employment, and negatively and significantly correlated with majority African-American population.
Optical properties of arrays of hexagonal GaN microdisks acting as whispering‐gallery‐mode‐type optical microcavities (2015)

The optical properties of arrays of hexagonal GaN microdisks, which potentially act as whispering‐gallery‐mode‐type optical microcavities, were investigated. The arrays were fabricated from a GaN film using a top–down process, and the side lengths and height of the hexagonal GaN microdisks were approximately 1.5 and 500 nm, respectively. The microdisk arrays exhibited optically pumped lasing actions. The estimated lasing intensities which were obtained from one microdisk in the arrays were related to the period of the arrays. We discuss the optical properties of the microdisk arrays in view of experimental results and numerical analyses obtained using a two‐dimensional finite‐difference time‐domain method.
Sub-1 Volt and high-bandwidth visible to near-infrared electro-optic modulators (2023)

Integrated electro-optic (EO) modulators are fundamental photonics components with utility in domains ranging from digital communications to quantum information processing. At telecommunication wavelengths, thin-film lithium niobate modulators exhibit state-of-the-art performance in voltage-length product (V<sub>π</sub>L), optical loss, and EO bandwidth. However, applications in optical imaging, optogenetics, and quantum science generally require devices operating in the visible-to-near-infrared (VNIR) wavelength range. Here, we realize VNIR amplitude and phase modulators featuring V<sub>π</sub>L's of sub-1 V ⋅ cm, low optical loss, and high bandwidth EO response. Our Mach-Zehnder modulators exhibit a V<sub>π</sub>L as low as 0.55 V ⋅ cm at 738 nm, on-chip optical loss of ~0.7 dB/cm, and EO bandwidths in excess of 35 GHz. Furthermore, we highlight the opportunities these high-performance modulators offer by demonstrating integrated EO frequency combs operating at VNIR wavelengths, with over 50 lines and tunable spacing, and frequency shifting of pulsed light beyond its intrinsic bandwidth (up to 7x Fourier limit) by an EO shearing method.
07381 Executive Summary - Cryptography (2007)

The topics covered in the seminar spanned most areas of cryptography,
in one way or another, both in terms of the types of schemes
(public-key cryptography, symmetric cryptography, hash functions and
other cryptographic functions, multi-party protocols, etc.) and in terms of the
mathematical methods and techniques used (algebra, number theory,
elliptic curves, probability theory, information theory,
combinatorics, quantum theory, etc.). The range of applications
addressed in the various talks was broad, ranging from secure
communication, key management, authentication, digital signatures and
payment systems to e-voting and Internet security.

While the initial plan had been to focus more exclusively on public-key
cryptography, it turned out that this sub-topic branches out into
many other areas of cryptography and therefore the organizers
decided to expand the scope, emphasizing quality rather than
close adherence to public-key cryptography. This decision turned
out to be a wise one.

What was common to almost all the talks is that rigorous mathematical
proofs for the security of the presented schemes were given. In fact,
a central topic of many of the talks were proof methodologies for
various contexts.
Surrogate H/D Detection Strategy for Protein Conformational Analysis Using MS/MS Data (2009)

Amide hydrogen/deuterium exchange (H/DX) measurements by mass spectrometry provide a powerful tool for probing the structure and dynamics of proteins. In order to extend such measurements to complex multiprotein systems, new methods for delivering higher sensitivity and sequence coverage are required. In this study, we investigated the utility of tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) for providing an alternative to the conventional MS mode of operation applied to bottom-up H/DX experiments. Specifically, we aimed to determine whether differential deuteration measurements of collisionally induced dissociation (CID)-generated product ions can serve as effective surrogates for their corresponding intact peptide, thus providing an additional dimension for analysis. Replicate deuterium measurements of calmodulin (in its apo and holo forms) were obtained from peptic digests in both the MS and MS/MS domains and studied as a function of % deuteration, fragment ion selection, and contaminant level. We show that successful acquisition of MS/MS data for deuterated peptides requires controlled expansion of the isotopic envelope by limiting the range of deuterium label applied in the exchange-in reaction (< or = 50%) and that automation of ion selection via data-dependent acquisition is ultimately dependent upon peak detection algorithms. Upon full transmission of the isotopic envelope, fragment data demonstrate that all ions, with the exception of neutral loss fragment ions, return deuteration ratios reflecting the apo/holo transition that are in general agreement with values obtained from the corresponding precursor ions. The agreement is limited primarily by the ion statistics for each fragment, as the base peak in the MS/MS spectra provided the best correlation regardless of its m/z. We highlight that the freedom to select the base peak as a surrogate for the precursor ion derives from extensive H/D scrambling inducible under conventional CID conditions. When spectral interference prohibits conventional H/DX-MS measurements, we further show that the surrogate approach recovers accurate and precise per-peptide deuteration levels. Thus, a generalized strategy is presented in which CID-based automated H/DX-MS/MS acquisition can be used to extend measurements to complex protein systems, exceeding the peptide capacity of conventional H/DX-MS alone.
Short‐ and long‐term outcomes of oropharyngeal cancer care in the elderly (2018)

2c. Laryngoscope, 128:2084-2093, 2018.
Etude d'antennes résonateurs BIE compactes à parois magnétiques (2007)

National audience
Identification of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Mitochondrial Genome and Kelch 13 Gene of Plasmodium falciparum in Different Geographical Populations (2021)

The emergence of artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium falciparum parasites in Southeast Asia threatens malaria control and elimination. The interconnectedness of parasite populations may be essential to monitor the spread of resistance. Combining a published barcoding system of geographically restricted single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), mainly mitochondria of P. falciparum with SNPs in the K13 artemisinin resistance marker, could elucidate the parasite population structure and provide insight regarding the spread of drug resistance. We explored the diversity of mitochondrial SNPs (bp position 611-2825) and identified K13 SNPs from malaria patients in the districts of India (Ranchi), Tanzania (Korogwe), and Senegal (Podor, Richard Toll, Kaolack, and Ndoffane). DNA was amplified using a nested PCR and Sanger-sequenced. Overall, 199 K13 sequences (India: N = 92; Tanzania: N = 48; Senegal: N = 59) and 237 mitochondrial sequences (India: N = 93; Tanzania: N = 48; Senegal: N = 96) were generated. SNPs were identified by comparisons with reference genomes. We detected previously reported geographically restricted mitochondrial SNPs (T2175C and G1367A) as markers for parasites originating from the Indian subcontinent and several geographically unrestricted mitochondrial SNPs. Combining haplotypes with published P. falciparum mitochondrial genome data suggested possible regional differences within India. All three countries had G1692A, but Tanzanian and Senegalese SNPs were well-differentiated. Some mitochondrial SNPs are reported here for the first time. Four nonsynonymous K13 SNPs were detected: K189T (India, Tanzania, Senegal); A175T (Tanzania); and A174V and R255K (Senegal). This study supports the use of mitochondrial SNPs to determine the origin of the parasite and suggests that the P. falciparum populations studied were susceptible to artemisinin during sampling because all K13 SNPs observed were outside the propeller domain for artemisinin resistance.
A simple and fast technique to characterize the group delay properties of fiber Bragg gratings (2005)

A novel method that uses a simple and fast iterative algorithm to recover the group delay of any fiber Bragg grating from its measured transmission spectrum is described. Its benefits over leading techniques in this field are much greater speed, simplicity, and high accuracy even in the presence of significant experimental noise.
Research Networks for Women (2022)

Research Networks for Women is a recent effort led by the Association for Women in Mathematics to increase gender diversity in specific research areas of mathematics through a grassroots effort to build mentoring and collaborative relationships. In this article, we describe the history and success of this initiative, and share information about how to grow such a network.