gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Image Intensifier Studies of Sonoluminescence from Liquids Subjected to Low Level Ultrasonic Pressure Amiplitudes (1986)

Image intensification has been used to study the light emission from bubbles in cavitating liquids (sonoluminescence), over a range of ultrasonic power inputs. The observations demonstrate that light is emitted under conditions of stable as well as transient cavitation. Since light emission indicates high temperatures and radiative recombination of free radicals in the collapsing bubbles, these results have important implications for medical applications of continuous wave ultrasound.
High-Strength, Healable, Supramolecular Polymer Nanocomposites (2012)

A supramolecular polymer blend, formed via π-π interactions between a π-electron rich pyrenyl end-capped oligomer and a chain-folding oligomer containing pairs of π-electron poor naphthalene-diimide (NDI) units, has been reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) to afford a healable nanocomposite material. Nanocomposites with varying weight percentage of CNCs (from 1.25 to 20.0 wt %) within the healable supramolecular polymeric matrix have been prepared via solvent casting followed by compression molding, and their mechanical properties and healing behavior have been evaluated. It is found that homogeneously dispersed films can be formed with CNCs at less than 10 wt %. Above 10 wt % CNC heterogeneous nanocomposites were obtained. All the nanocomposites formed could be rehealed upon exposure to elevated temperatures although, for the homogeneous films, it was found that the healing rate was reduced with increasing CNC content. The best combination of healing efficiency and mechanical properties was obtained with the 7.5 wt % CNC nanocomposite which exhibited a tensile modulus enhanced by as much as a factor of 20 over the matrix material alone and could be fully rehealed at 85 °C within 30 min. Thus it is demonstrated that supramolecular nanocomposites can afford greatly enhanced mechanical properties relative to the unreinforced polymer, while still allowing efficient thermal healing.
Creating Defined 3‐D Defects Inside an Opaline Ormocer® Matrix with Two‐Photon Lithography (2007)

Abstract The creation of defined structures inside a synthetic opal is a key step toward applications in optics, where control of the propagation of light inside a photonic crystal is necessary. In a previous paper, we described the nanostructuring of Ormocer® to form inverse opals (Lange et al., Macromol. Rapid Commun . 2006 , 27 , 1746). Here, we report an application for this robust replica process in which defects can be directly produced within the PC by two‐photon lithography. The holes of an inverse opal structure are first filled with a resin of similar refractive index. In this transparent material, polymerization can be initiated at defined places via two‐photon lithography. After removal of the unpolymerized resin, buried fluorescent defects of dimensions comparable to the repeating units of the replica are found. The wavelength of their emission can be adjusted to the band gap of the replica. magnified image
Impact of respiratory motion correction on lesion visibility and quantification in thoracic PET/MR imaging (2020)

The impact of a method for MR-based respiratory motion correction of PET data on lesion visibility and quantification in patients with oncologic findings in the lung was evaluated. Twenty patients with one or more lesions in the lung were included. Hybrid imaging was performed on an integrated PET/MR system using 18F-FDG as radiotracer. The standard thoracic imaging protocol was extended by a free-breathing self-gated acquisition of MR data for motion modelling. PET data was acquired simultaneously in list-mode for 5-10 mins. One experienced radiologist and one experienced nuclear medicine specialist evaluated and compared the post-processed data in consensus regarding lesion visibility (scores 1-4, 4 being best), image noise levels (scores 1-3, 3 being lowest noise), SUVmean and SUVmax. Motion-corrected (MoCo) images were additionally compared with gated images. Non-motion-corrected free-breathing data served as standard of reference in this study. Motion correction generally improved lesion visibility (3.19 ± 0.63) and noise ratings (2.95 ± 0.22) compared to uncorrected (2.81 ± 0.66 and 2.95 ± 0.22, respectively) or gated PET data (2.47 ± 0.93 and 1.30 ± 0.47, respectively). Furthermore, SUVs (mean and max) were compared for all methods to estimate their respective impact on the quantification. Deviations of SUVmax were smallest between the uncorrected and the MoCo lesion data (average increase of 9.1% of MoCo SUVs), while SUVmean agreed best for gated and MoCo reconstructions (MoCo SUVs increased by 1.2%). The studied method for MR-based respiratory motion correction of PET data combines increased lesion sharpness and improved lesion activity quantification with high signal-to-noise ratio in a clinical setting. In particular, the detection of small lesions in moving organs such as the lung and liver may thus be facilitated. These advantages justify the extension of the PET/MR imaging protocol by 5-10 minutes for motion correction.
Supplementary Tables from Inhibition of Thioredoxin/Thioredoxin Reductase Induces Synthetic Lethality in Lung Cancers with Compromised Glutathione Homeostasis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Table S1 shows IC50 of auranofin in 129 lung cancer cell lines. Table S2 shows correlations of auranofin activity and gene expression levels (based 76 cell lines whose mRNA levels were available). Table S3 shows co-expressions of GSR with other genes (data obtained from cBioportal.org)&lt;/p&gt;
Cyclin G‐associated kinase: A novel androgen receptor‐interacting transcriptional coactivator that is overexpressed in hormone refractory prostate cancer (2005)

The androgen receptor (AR), a steroid receptor family member, is a ligand-dependent transcription factor that has an integral role in normal prostate development. Alterations in AR-mediated activity can result in abnormal gene expression, dysregulated cell growth and prostate cancer. Coregulator proteins that interact with AR to influence activity and specificity of the AR-response may also have an important role in prostate cancer progression. Since the NH(2)-terminal domain (NTD) of AR encodes the ligand-independent activation function (AF)-1, this domain is incompatible with conventional yeast two-hybrid systems. Therefore, we have used the Tup1 repressed transactivator (RTA) system, which exploits the intrinsic transactivation properties of AR.NTD, for identification of novel AR-interacting proteins. Using this system, cyclin G-associated kinase (GAK) was identified as an AR interacting protein, and GST pull-down assays were used to confirm the interaction. GAK was shown to enhance the AF-1 function of AR activity in a ligand-dependent manner. Additionally, GAK enhanced the AR transcriptional response even at low concentrations of androgens, which is relevant to AR activity in androgen-independent prostate cancer. Finally, neo-adjuvant hormone therapy (NHT) tissue microarray analysis demonstrated that GAK expression increased significantly with prostate cancer progression to androgen independence, which suggests a prognostic role for GAK in advanced disease.
A novel dual active bridge topology with a tuned CLC network (2014)

This paper proposes a novel resonant DAB converter, which uses a tuned capacitor-inductor-capacitor (CLC) network. In comparison to conventional DABs, the proposed topology significantly reduces the bridge currents, lowering both conduction and switching losses and improving power factors associated with the bridges. A mathematical model, which predicts the behavior of the proposed system, is presented to show that both the magnitude and direction of the power flow can be controlled through either relative phase angle or pulse width modulation of voltages produced by the bridges. Viability of the proposed concept is verified through simulation. Experimental results of a 1 kW prototype converter, which has an efficiency of 95% at rated power, are also presented with discussions to demonstrate the improved performance of the CLC DAB topology.
Top illuminator design for 2D parallel readout in a 3D multilayer optical data storage system (2002)

To achieve very high data rates in 3-D multilayer optical data storage systems, a novel approach is investigated to read out in parallel multiple tracks at different layers simultaneously. Data bits at different layers are arranged as titled data pages inside the disk. A uniform optical beam sheet is generated to illuminate the desired data page from the top of the disk, and a depth transfer imaging system is used to collect the fluorescence of the written bits within the data page to a detector array. The performance of the illumination optics has been experimentally evaluated and optimized by aberration compensation and equalization of irradiance distribution on the entire data page. Other important factors including reflection loss, sensitivity to disk quality, and servo requirements of disk wobbling are analyzed.
A DWDM demonstration of 3.73 Tb/s over 11,000 km using 373 RZ-DPSK channels at 10 Gb/s (2003)

We present the first multi-terabit/s transoceanic length transmission demonstration using the RZ-DPSK format at a 10 Gb/s channel data rate. Error-free performance for 373-10 Gb/s RZ-DPSK channels after 11,000 km was demonstrated.
Thermal-Error Regime in High-Accuracy Gigahertz Single-Electron Pumping (2017)

Single-electron pumps based on quantum dots (QDs) with tunable barriers are promising candidates for the emerging quantum standard of electrical current, but accuracy at elevated reservoir temperatures can be challenging. In this study, a planar silicon QD achieves accurate, high-speed single-electron pumping in the thermal regime, where reservoir temperature could rise to a few kelvin. This device operates without the demanding conditions of previous experiments, indicating that it could deliver a cost-effective and easily distributed standard of current---and, furthermore, could be useful for long-range transfer of quantum information.
Irreversible Binding of Chlorophenols to Soil and Its Impact on Bioavailability (1997)

Experiments were conducted to quantify binding of phenol, 4-chlorophenol (4-CP), 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP), and pentachlorophenol (PCP) to a sandy surface soil under aerobic and anoxic conditions, with and without autoclaving. Water and methylene chloride were used to extract the physisorbed contaminants. The chemically bound contaminant was characterized as biologically or abiotically coupled. A portion of the residual contamination on soil was attributed to the presence of a desorbable but mass transfer-rate limited component of the sorbate. Autoclaving the soil or eliminating O2 from the system had no observable effect on the total sorption of chlorophenols. However, the amount of bound material that was resistant to extraction was at least twice as high in nonautoclaved soils under oxic conditions as compared to soil in systems from which O2 or biochemical activity, or both had been eliminated. The initial aqueous concentration of the contaminant appeared to govern the amount of nonextractable material. A biodegradation study found that approximately 50% of the coupled contaminant was bioavailable.
Aktuelle Therapiekonzepte beim Hodgkin-Lymphom (2018)

Durch die Einführung neuer Therapien konnte die Erstlinientherapie deeskaliert und die Prognose für Patienten mit Hodgkin-Lymphom (HL) entscheidend verbessert werden. Dieser Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die aktuellen Therapiekonzepte beim HL und beleuchtet die jüngsten Entwicklungen.
Supplementary Data from Oncogenic HSP90 Facilitates Metabolic Alterations in Aggressive B-cell Lymphomas (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table 1, Table 2 and Table 3&lt;/p&gt;
Remotely Controlled Isomer Selective Molecular Switching (2015)

Nonlocal addressing-the "remote control"-of molecular switches promises more efficient processing for information technology, where fast speed of switching is essential. The surface state of the (111) facets of noble metals, a confined two-dimensional electron gas, provides a medium that enables transport of signals over large distances and hence can be used to address an entire ensemble of molecules simultaneously with a single stimulus. In this study we employ this characteristic to trigger a conformational switch in anthradithiophene (ADT) molecules by injection of hot carriers from a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) tip into the surface state of Cu(111). The carriers propagate laterally and trigger the switch in molecules at distances as far as 100 nm from the tip location. The switching process is shown to be long-ranged, fully reversible, and isomer selective, discriminating between cis and trans diastereomers, enabling maximum control.
Bound states of guided matter waves: An atom and a charged wire (1992)

We argue that it is possible to bind a neutral atom in stable orbits around a wire charged by a time-varying sinusoidal voltage. Both classical and quantum-mechanical theories for this system are discussed, and a unified approach to the Kapitza picture of effective potentials associated with high-frequency fields is presented. It appears that cavities and waveguides for neutral-atomic-matter waves may be fashioned from these considerations.
Synthesis of Potent Agonists of the d-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptor Based on Clustered Disaccharide Polyphosphate Analogues of Adenophostin A (2000)

Clustered disaccharide analogues of adenophostin A (2), i.e. mono-, di-, and tetravalent derivatives 6-8, respectively, were synthesized and evaluated as novel ligands for the tetrameric D-myo-inositol 1,4, 5-trisphosphate receptor (IP(3)R). The synthesis was accomplished via Sonogashira coupling of propargyl 2-O-acetyl-5-O-benzyl-3-O-(3, 4-di-O-acetyl-2, 6-di-O-benzyl-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)-beta-D-ribofuranoside (16) with iodobenzene 18, 22, or 25, followed by deacetylation, phosphorylation, and deprotection. The abilities of the target compounds 6-8, as well as ribophostin 4, propylphostin 5, and IP(3) (1), to evoke Ca(2+) release from permeabilized hepatocytes or displacement of [(3)H]IP(3) from its receptor in hepatic membranes were compared. Although the binding affinities of 4-8 were similar, there were modest though significant differences in their potencies in Ca(2+) release assays: tetraphostin 8 > IP(3) approximately diphostin 7 > phenylphostin 6 > ribophostin 4 approximately propylphostin 5.
Secreted Phospholipase A2 Inhibitors (2008)

Secreted phospholipases A2 (sPLA2s) are a family of enzymes which catalyze the hydrolysis of glycophospholipids at the sn-2 position. Of primary interest is the release of arachidonic acid, a precursor to a wide variety of inflammatory mediators known as eicosanoids (including prostaglandins and leukotrienes).1 Nine different sPLA2s have been shown to be expressed in humans, but the biological functions of these enzymes are not well known. Several are suspected to be involved in a variety of diseases, including atherosclerosis, asthma and arthritis.1,2 For this reason there has been much interest on sPLA2 inhibitors as drugs – Eli Lilly did a large amount of work on this in the 1980s, followed recently by Anthera Pharmaceuticals, which currently has an sPLA2 inhibitor in phase III clinical trials for atherosclerosis.3 My work has focused on developing highly specific and potent inhibitors for sPLA2 enzymes. I have worked on a series of indole-based inhibitors4 similar to A, and am currently working on a series of trihydroxytoluene compounds derived from the lower half of YM-26734, a potent sPLA2 inhibitor shown below (B). After synthesis and purification, the derivatives will be tested in an in vitro fluorometric assay to determine potency, and then also tested in cells which naturally express various sPLA2s. So far, this trihydroxytoluene-based class of inhibitors appear to be highly selective on one group of sPLA2s (IIA), and preliminary results suggest they effectively inhibit sPLA2 activity in rat areolar fibroblasts (L929 cells).
Chemical Synthesis and Pharmacology of 6- and 7-Hydroxylated 2-Carbomethoxy-3-(p-tolyl)tropanes:  Antagonism of Cocaine's Locomotor Stimulant Effects (2000)

In our efforts to identify molecules that might act as cocaine antagonists or cocaine partial agonists, efforts were made to further capitalize on our earlier finding regarding the ability of a 7-methoxylated pseudococaine analogue to act as a weak cocaine functional antagonist. Herein, a series of the 6- and 7-hydroxylated WIN analogues possessing a boat or chair conformation of the tropane ring were prepared and tested for their ability to displace [(3)H]mazindol binding and to inhibit high-affinity monoamine uptake into rat brain nerve endings. These 6- and 7-hydroxylated WIN analogues were readily prepared by use of a classical Willstätter synthesis to construct an appropriately functionalized tropane ring followed by use of a Suzuki coupling reaction to introduce the aryl group at position 3. Reduction of the resulting tropene by use of SmI(2) or by catalytic hydrogenation followed by deprotection delivered the final target compounds. Some of these compounds were found to retain considerable affinity as inhibitors of the dopamine transporter (DAT) and the norepinephrine transporter (NET), but they were less potent inhibitors of the serotonin transporter (SERT). None of the compounds of the present series revealed any substantial potency difference in [(3)H]mazindol binding versus [(3)H]DA uptake, and failed to show "cocaine antagonism" when tested for their ability to prevent cocaine's inhibition of DA transport. However, one of these hydroxylated WIN analogues, namely 12b, which possesses nanomolar potency at the DAT and NET and micromolar potency at the SERT, when tested in vivo, was found capable of attenuating cocaine's locomotor activity (AD(50) = 94 mg/kg). Taken together, this work provides further support for our hypothesis that drugs that lack the ability to inhibit transport by all three monoaminergic transporters may exhibit "partial" cocaine-like properties, but act as cocaine antagonists. Consequently, it may prove valuable to examine the behavioral activity of other 6- and 7-substituted tropanes in animal behavioral paradigms in the search for a cocaine medication.
Pyrolytic carbon humeral head in hemi-shoulder arthroplasty: preliminary results at 2-year follow-up (2018)

Pyrocarbon HSA grants improvement in pain and function in patients with primary OA or secondary OA after instability but at a lower level in patients with post-traumatic sequelae (secondary OA or osteonecrosis). These preliminary clinical and radiologic results are encouraging, although they need to be confirmed by longer-term follow-up observations.
Infrequent Frameshift Mutations in the Simple Repeat Sequences of hMLH3 in Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancers (2001)

hMLH3 mutations were infrequently observed in HNPCC cancers with MSI and they may be secondary to other mismatch repair gene mutations. Hence hMLH3 may only play a small role in HNPCC tumorigenesis.
Temperature dependence of internucleotide nitrogen–nitrogen scalar couplings in RNA (2002)

Abstract The temperature dependence of internucleotide nitrogen–nitrogen scalar couplings 2h J (N,N) across hydrogen bonds in adenine–uracil (A–U) and guanine–cytosine (G–C) base pairs of the 22 nucleotide RNA oligomer GGCGAAGUCGAAAGAUGGCGCC was studied between 280 and 310 K. The value of 2h J (N,N) was observed to decrease monotonically for all four base pairs with increasing temperature. The temperature dependence of 2h J (N,N) was found to be more pronounced for the A–U base pair than for G–C base pairs. An earlier study of cross‐correlation effects at 296 K appeared to indicate a reduced mobility of the A–U base pair, as evidenced by small contributions of chemical shift modulation to relaxation rates. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Effects of interlayers on phosphorescent blue organic light-emitting diodes (2008)

We demonstrate that the electroluminescence efficiencies of blue organic light-emitting diodes can be significantly enhanced by the incorporation of interlayers at the hole transporting layer (HTL)/emitting layer (EML) and/or EML/electron transporting layer (ETL) interfaces. Blue light-emitting iridium(III)bis(4,6-difluorophenyl)-pyridinato-N,C2′) picolinate was doped in an m-bis-(triphenylsilyl)benzene (UGH3) host and hole transporting wide band gap materials were introduced between the HTL and the EML as interlayers in order to block triplet exciton quenching and reduce electron overflow. The effects of adding a second undoped UGH3 interlayer at the EML/ETL interface were also studied. When the appropriate interlayers were added, the device performances were found to be dramatically enhanced, with peak external quantum and power efficiencies of 20.1% and 29.2lm∕W.
Materials Design via Optimized Intramolecular Noncovalent Interactions for High-Performance Organic Semiconductors (2016)

We report the design, synthesis, and implemention in semiconducting polymers of a novel head-to-head linkage containing the TRTOR (3-alkyl-3′-alkoxy-2,2′-bithiophene) donor subunit having a single strategically optimized, planarizing noncovalent S···O interaction. Diverse complementary thermal, optical, electrochemical, X-ray scattering, electrical, photovoltaic, and electron microscopic characterization techniques are applied to establish structure–property correlations in a TRTOR-based polymer series. In comparison to monomers having double S···O interactions, replacing one alkoxy substituent with a less electron-donating alkyl one yields TRTOR-based polymers with significantly depressed (0.2–0.3 eV) HOMOs. Furthermore, the weaker single S···O interaction and greater TRTOR steric encumberance enhances materials processability without sacrificing backbone planarity. From another perspective, TRTOR has comparable electronic properties to ring-fused 5H-dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]pyran (DTP) subunits, but a centrosymmetric geometry which promotes a more compact and ordered structure than bulkier, axisymmetric DTP. Compared to monosubstituted TTOR (3-alkoxy-2,2′-bithiophene), alkylation at the TRTOR bithiophene 3-position enhances conjugation and polymer crystallinity with contracted π–π stacking. Grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) data reveal that the greater steric hindrance and the weaker single S···O interaction are not detrimental to close packing and high crystallinity. As a proof of materials design, copolymerizing TRTOR with phthalimides yields copolymers with promising thin-film transistor mobility as high as 0.42 cm2/(V·s) and 6.3% power conversion efficiency in polymer solar cells, the highest of any phthalimide copolymers reported to date. The depressed TRTOR HOMOs imbue these polymers with substantially increased Ion/Ioff ratios and Voc’s versus analogous subunits with multiple electron donating, planarizing alkoxy substituents. Implementing a head-to-head linkage with an alkyl/alkoxy substitution pattern and a single S···O interaction is a promising strategy for organic electronics materials design.