gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Collusion issue in video watermarking (2005)

Digital watermarking has first been introduced as a possible way to ensure intellectual property (IP) protection. However, fifteen years after its infancy, it is still considered as a young technology and digital watermarking is far from being introduced in Digital Right Management (DRM) frameworks. A possible explanation is that the research community has so far mainly focused on the robustness of the embedded watermark and has almost ignored security aspects. For IP protection applications such as fingerprinting and copyright protection, the watermark should provide means to ensure some kind of trust in a non secure environment. To this end, security against attacks from malicious users has to be considered. This paper will focus on collusion attacks to evaluate security in the context of video watermarking. In particular, security pitfalls will be exhibited when frame-by frame embedding strategies are enforced for video watermarking. Two alternative strategies will be surveyed: either eavesdropping the watermarking channel to identify some redundant hidden structure, or jamming the watermarking channel to wash out the embedded watermark signal. Finally, the need for a new brand of watermarking schemes will be highlighted if the watermark is to be released in a hostile environment, which is typically the case for IP protection applications.
Sjogren’s Syndrome and TAM Receptors: A Possible Contribution to Disease Onset (2019)

Sjogren's syndrome (SS) is a chronic, progressive autoimmune disease featuring both organ-specific and systemic manifestations, the most frequent being dry mouth and dry eyes resulting from lymphocytic infiltration into the salivary and lacrimal glands. Like the related autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), SS patients and mouse models display accumulation of apoptotic cells and a Type I interferon (IFN) signature. Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) of the Tyro3, Axl, and Mer (TAM) family are present on the surface of macrophages and dendritic cells and participate in phagocytosis of apoptotic cells (efferocytosis) and inhibition of Type I IFN signaling. This review examines the relationship between TAM receptor dysfunction and SS and explores the potential contributions of TAM defects on macrophages to SS development.
Safety and efficacy of romiplostim in splenectomized and nonsplenectomized patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia (2017)

Primary immune thrombocytopenia is an autoimmune disorder characterized by increased platelet destruction and insufficient platelet production without another identified underlying disorder. Splenectomy may alter responsiveness to treatment and/or increase the risk of thrombosis, infection, and pulmonary hypertension. The analysis herein evaluated the safety and efficacy of the thrombopoietin receptor agonist romiplostim in splenectomized and nonsplenectomized adults with primary immune thrombocytopenia. Data were pooled across 13 completed clinical studies in adults with immune thrombocytopenia from 2002-2014. Adverse event rates were adjusted for time of exposure. Results were considered different when 95% confidence intervals were non-overlapping. Safety was analyzed for 1111 patients (395 splenectomized; 716 nonsplenectomized) who received romiplostim or control (placebo or standard of care). At baseline, splenectomized patients had a longer median duration of immune thrombocytopenia and a lower median platelet count, as well as a higher proportion with >3 prior immune thrombocytopenia treatments <i>versus</i> nonsplenectomized patients. In each treatment group, splenectomized patients used rescue medications more often than nonsplenectomized patients. Platelet response rates (≥50×10<sup>9</sup>/L) for romiplostim were 82% (310/376) for splenectomized and 91% (592/648) for nonsplenectomized patients (<i>P</i><0.001 by Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test). Platelet responses were stable over time in both subgroups. Exposure-adjusted adverse event rates were higher for control <i>versus</i> romiplostim for both splenectomized (1857 <i>versus</i> 1226 per 100 patient-years) and nonsplenectomized patients (1052 <i>versus</i> 852 per 100 patient-years). In conclusion, responses to romiplostim were seen in both splenectomized and nonsplenectomized patients, and romiplostim was not associated with an increase in the risk of adverse events in splenectomized patients. <i>clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: 00111475(A)(B), 00117143, 00305435, 01143038, 00102323, 00102336, 00415532, 00603642, 00508820, 00907478, 00116688, and 00440037</i>.
ALE meta‐analysis: Controlling the false discovery rate and performing statistical contrasts (2005)

Activation likelihood estimation (ALE) has greatly advanced voxel-based meta-analysis research in the field of functional neuroimaging. We present two improvements to the ALE method. First, we evaluate the feasibility of two techniques for correcting for multiple comparisons: the single threshold test and a procedure that controls the false discovery rate (FDR). To test these techniques, foci from four different topics within the literature were analyzed: overt speech in stuttering subjects, the color-word Stroop task, picture-naming tasks, and painful stimulation. In addition, the performance of each thresholding method was tested on randomly generated foci. We found that the FDR method more effectively controls the rate of false positives in meta-analyses of small or large numbers of foci. Second, we propose a technique for making statistical comparisons of ALE meta-analyses and investigate its efficacy on different groups of foci divided by task or response type and random groups of similarly obtained foci. We then give an example of how comparisons of this sort may lead to advanced designs in future meta-analytic research.
Development of a flexible chip infrared (IR) thermal imaging system for product qualification (2012)

A flexible and efficient chip Infrared (IR) thermal imaging system was implemented on the product manufacturing test platform by collaboration with the burn-in/wafer test, systems, process, and failure analysis teams. A liquid cooling cell was successfully designed and tested. The imaging system was applied to investigate some wafer probe power/thermal issues for server high end products. Furthermore, we applied the method of Spatially-resolved Imaging of Microprocessor Power (SIMP) [1] to translate the thermal map into a power map. Finally, we propose a new concept of product thermal qualification as a supplement and potential alternative to the traditional thermal test vehicle (TTV) qualification.
Decision-Driven Subsurface Surrogate Model for Development Optimization Under Uncertainties (2022)

Abstract With ever-increasing complexity in Upstream project planning, to ensure decision quality, the dynamics of subsurface resources need to be embedded into concept screening to maintain consistency between the production forecast and development plan. We developed a decision-driven subsurface surrogate model that encapsulates key reservoir dynamics into the machine augmented mathematical technologies for holistic decision recommendation in concept selection and development planning under uncertainties. The surrogate model replicates the essential subsurface dynamics by using a hybrid-approach that takes into accounts both reservoir simulation data and physical first principle. In addition to standalone usage on production forecast for rapid profile screening under resource uncertainties, the subsurface surrogate model is incorporated into mathematical optimization models that simultaneously consider surface network, commercial obligation and project economics etc. to provide alternative concepts under various uncertainties. Our subsurface surrogate model has been applied for decision making on gas gathering system design, field development optimization, field-management timing and sequencing, and field tie-back study etc. Results not only show the capability of surrogate models to enable large scale rapid decision screening, but also bear a close resemblance between the predicted production profiles and the reservoir simulation results when fed with the field operating strategy recommended by our decision models with surrogate dynamics. The study demonstrates the reliability of our surrogate modeling technology on ensuring decision quality and helps build business’ confidence on technology adoption. By further incorporating subsurface uncertainties into surrogate models, the decision makers are provided with: probabilistic analysis of the outcomes, value of information analysis, cost of optionality and flexibility, and holistic project outlook etc. Our decision-driven surrogate modeling technology incorporated in mathematical decision models is the first of its kind for holistic decision support in concept selection and development planning in oil and gas industry, and has full potentials in a variety of asset lines with reliable subsurface performance prediction under uncertainties.
Anisotrope Hydrogele – Synthese und Anwendungen (2017)

Abstract Hydrogele gelten wegen ihrer wasserreichen Strukturen, die denjenigen von biologischen Geweben ähneln, seit langem als vielversprechende Trägermaterialien für künstliche Gewebe und Organe. Allerdings unterscheiden sich die meisten synthetischen Hydrogele hinsichtlich der strukturellen Anisotropie erheblich von biologischen Systemen. Synthetische Hydrogele sind üblicherweise aus zufällig ausgerichteten, dreidimensionalen Polymernetzwerken zusammengesetzt. Demgegenüber nehmen biologische Systeme anisotrope Strukturen mit hierarchisch strukturierten Baueinheiten an. Solche anisotropen Strukturen spielen bei biologischen Systemen oft eine entscheidende Rolle für die Ausübung bestimmter Funktionen. In diesem Zusammenhang eröffnen anisotrope Hydrogele einen Zugang zur Erforschung biomimetischer Hydrogelanwendungen. In letzter Zeit haben Untersuchungen anisotroper Hydrogele zugenommen. Dieser Kurzaufsatz beleuchtet die Anwendung und die Perspektiven dieser anisotropen Hydrogele unter besonderer Berücksichtigung ihrer Herstellung und Strukturen.
Elucidating the dominant mechanisms in burn rate increase of thermite nanolaminates incorporating nanoparticle inclusions (2021)

It was experimentally found that silica and gold particles can modify the combustion properties of nanothermites but the exact role of the thermal properties of these additives on the propagating combustion front relative to other potential contributions remains unknown. Gold and silica particles of different sizes and volume loadings were added into aluminum/copper oxide thermites. Their effects on the flame front dynamics were investigated experimentally using microscopic dynamic imaging techniques and theoretically via a reaction model coupling mass and heat diffusion processes. A detailed theoretical analysis of the local temperature and thermal gradients at the vicinity of these two additives shows that highly conductive inclusions do not accelerate the combustion front while poor conductive inclusions result in the distortion of the flame front (corrugation), and therefore produce high thermal gradients (up to 10<sup>10</sup>K.m<sup>-1</sup>) at the inclusion/host material interface. This results in an overall slowing down of the combustion front. These theoretical findings contradict the experimental observations in which a net increase of the flame front velocity was found when Au and SiO<sub>2</sub>particles are added into the thermite. This leads to the conclusion that the faster burn rate observed experimentally cannot be fully associated with thermal effects only, but rather on chemical (catalytic) and/or mechanical mechanisms: formation of highly-stressed zones around the inclusion promoting the reactant mixing. One additional experiment in which physical SiO<sub>2</sub>particles were replaced by voids (filled with Ar during experiment) to cancel the potential mechanical effects while preserving the thermal inhomogeneity in the thermite structure confirms the hypothesis that instead of pure thermal conduction, it is the mechanical mechanisms that dominate the propagation velocity in our specific Al/CuO multilayered films.
Continuous Production of Five Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients in Flexible Plug-and-Play Modules: A Demonstration Campaign (2020)

Traditional pharmaceutical manufacturing is based on a complex supply chain that is vulnerable to spikes in demand and interruptions. Continuous pharmaceutical production in compact modules is a potential solution that allows for drug manufacturing when and where it is needed with significantly shorter lead times. As part of the Pharmacy on Demand (PoD) initiative, we demonstrate the potential for end-to-end manufacturing of multiple drug substances in reconfigurable devices, under common industrial constraints, and within a challenging manufacturing time frame. A new set of refrigerator-sized modules was constructed for the synthesis, isolation, and formulation of several drugs, with focus on achieving high manufacturing throughputs, and allowing for the production of pharmaceutical tablets. Their operation is demonstrated with the synthesis and formulation of USP-compliant tablets of diazepam, diphenhydramine hydrochloride, and ciprofloxacin hydrochloride, as well as liquid formulations of lidocaine hydrochloride and atropine sulfate.
Use of an antibody-drug conjugate targeting tissue factor to induce complete tumor regression in xenograft models with heterogeneous target expression. (2013)

3066 Background: Tissue factor (TF) is the main initiator of coagulation, that starts when circulating factor VII(a) (FVII(a)) binds membrane bound TF. In addition, the TF:FVIIa complex can initiate a pro-angiogenic signaling pathway by activation of PAR-2. TF is aberrantly expressed in many solid tumors, and expression has been associated with poor prognosis. TF-011-vcMMAE, an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) under development for the treatment of solid tumors, is composed of a human TF specific antibody (TF-011), a proteaseEcleavable valine-citrulline (vc) linker and the microtubule disrupting agent monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE). Methods: TF-011 and TF-011-vcMMAE were functionally characterized using in vitro assays. In vivo anti-tumor activity of TF-011-vcMMAE was assessed in human biopsy derived xenograft models, which genetically and histologically resemble human tumors. TF expression in xenografts was assessed using immunohistochemistry. Results: TF-011 inhibited TF:FVIIa induced intracellular signaling and efficiently killed tumor cells by antibody dependent cell-mediated cytoxicity in vitro, but showed only minor inhibition of TF procoagulant activity. TF-011 was rapidly internalized and targeted to the lysosomes, a prerequisite for intracellular MMAE release and subsequent tumor cell killing by the ADC. Indeed, TF-011-vcMMAE efficiently and specifically killed TF-positive tumors in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, TF-011-vcMMAE showed excellent anti-tumor activity in human biopsyEderived xenograft models derived from bladder, lung, pancreas, prostate, ovarian and cervical cancer (n=7). TF expression in these models was heterogeneous, ranging from 25-100% of tumor cells. Complete tumor regression was observed in all models, including cervical and ovarian cancer xenografts that showed only 25-50% TF positive tumor cells. Conclusions: TF-011-vcMMAE is a promising new ADC with potent anti-tumor activity in xenograft models that represent the heterogeneity of human tumors, including heterogeneous TF expression. The functional characteristics of TF-011-vcMMAE allow efficient tumor targeting, with minimal impact on coagulation.
Lung Cancer Biomarkers: FISHing in the Sputum for Risk Assessment and Early Detection (2010)

This perspective on Varella-Garcia et al. (beginning on p. 447 in this issue of the journal) discusses the role of sputum-based biomarkers in the risk assessment and early detection of lung cancer. The importance of the detection of sputum epithelial chromosomal aneusomy by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) as a potential risk or early-detection biomarker is discussed in the context of other biomarkers and models in lung carcinogenesis. The presently reported findings on FISH in sputum cells are an important contribution worthy of further investigation in defined clinical settings.
Watson syndrome: isita subtype oftype1 neurofibromatosi s? (1991)

Over20yearsago,Watsondescribed three families witha condition characterised by pulmonaryvalvularstenosis, caf6au lait patches, anddullintelligence. Shortstature is anadditional feature ofthisautosomal dominantcondition. A fourthfamilywithWatson syndromehassincebeenreported. We have hadtheopportunity toreviewmembersof threeof thesefourfamilies. The clinical phenotypeof Watsonsyndromehas been expandedtoinclude relative macrocephaly andLischnodules inthemajority ofaffected subjects, andneurofibromas inone-third of familymembers.Becausetheadditional clinicalfindings enhancethesimilarity between Watsonsyndromeandneurofibromatosis 1, molecularlinkagestudies havebeenperformedusingprobesflanking theNFIgeneon chromosome17.ProbeHHH202showedthe tightest linkage toWatsonsyndromewitha maximum lodscoreof359at0=00 (95% confidence limits of0=0-0-0. 15). Thissuggests either thatWatsonsyndromeandneurofibromatosis 1areallelic, orthatthereisaseries of
Synthesis of End-Cap Enabled Self-Immolative Photoresists for Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography (2022)

Conventional chemically amplified resists (CARs) rely on the usage of photoacid generators to serve as the source of chemical amplification. However, acid diffusion inevitably accompanies CARs and has led to the resolution, line edge roughness, and sensitivity (RLS) tradeoff, which is the most challenging technical problem for modern photoresists. Herein, we take advantage of the self-immolative property of polyphthalaldehyde (PPA) derivatives to create end-cap enabled chain scissionable resists for extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography. The feasibility of this strategy was demonstrated under UV photodegradation experiments. The dose-to-clear (DTC) under EUV radiation was 90 mJ/cm2 for the most promising resist, representing more than a hundredfold improvement over previous PPA resists. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were conducted to understand the structural origin of end-cap EUV sensitivity.
Quorum sensing controls biofilm formation in Vibrio cholerae (2003)

Multiple quorum-sensing circuits function in parallel to control virulence and biofilm formation in Vibrio cholerae. In contrast to other bacterial pathogens that induce virulence factor production and/or biofilm formation at high cell density in the presence of quorum-sensing autoinducers, V. cholerae represses these behaviours at high cell density. Consistent with this, we show here that V. cholerae strains 'locked' in the regulatory state mimicking low cell density are enhanced for biofilm production whereas mutants 'locked' in the regulatory state mimicking high cell density are incapable of producing biofilms. The quorum-sensing cascade we have identified in V. cholerae regulates the transcription of genes involved in exopolysaccharide production (EPS), and variants that produce EPS and form biofilms arise at high frequency from non-EPS, non-biofilm producing strains. Our data show that spontaneous mutation of the transcriptional regulator hapR is responsible for this effect. Several toxigenic strains of V. cholerae possess a naturally occurring frameshift mutation in hapR. Thus, the distinct environments occupied by this aquatic pathogen presumably include niches where cell-cell communication is crucial, as well as ones where loss of quorum sensing via hapR mutation confers a selective advantage. Bacterial biofilms could represent a complex habitat where such differentiation occurs.
Food neophobia shows heritable variation in humans (2007)

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Timing of sperm harvesting: is there room for improvement? (2008)

For urologists who treat infertility as part of their practice, it is not unusual to be “on call” to harvest sperm from the male partner of a couple undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF). The timing of sperm harvesting is directly related to the day that egg retrieval of the female partner is going to occur. Some embryologists (who manipulate the sperm in the IVF laboratory and perform intracytoplasmic sperm injection [ICSI]) strongly believe that the sperm should be retrieved from the male partner on the same day that egg retrieval occurs. Conversely, other embryologists have no objection to performing sperm harvesting the day before egg retrieval, particularly if the sperm harvesting procedure is to be testicular sperm extraction (TESE). With TESE the sperm that are extracted from the tubules of the testicular tissue may take a while to obtain motility, which is the main in vitro criterion for choosing which sperm are to be used for the IVF plus ICSI process. By performing TESE the day before egg retrieval, the laboratory personnel allow themselves enough time to dissect the testicular tissue and retrieve the sperm, particularly in the case of nonobstructive azoospermic patients, for whom spermatogenesis may be severely impacted and in whom it may take a long time, relatively speaking, to find sperm in the tissue. However, some embryologists insist that sperm retrieved the day before egg retrieval do not “survive” as well as sperm retrieved the day of egg retrieval.

This inconsistency and variability between IVF laboratories and their embryologists is most likely due to the individual experience of each laboratory rather than any solid, evidence-based data. If it could be demonstrated that harvesting sperm earlier than the day of egg retrieval does not severely impact the ability of the sperm to undergo fertilization, this could make life easier for all concerned because on many occasions the actual day of egg retrieval does not fall on the date originally targeted. In fact, in some cases, the day of egg retrieval may be a week or so later than anticipated at the beginning of the stimulation cycle of the female partner. For urologists harvesting sperm in such a situation, this can play havoc with their daily routine and schedule.
Fabrication of Sol-Gel Thin Films of Silicate-Doped PZT (2004)

Abstract Fabrication of perovskite ferroelectric thin films by sol-gel technique with addition of silicates has been reported as the silicates enhance the crystallization and prevent the degradation of electric properties by reducing thickness [Citation1]. This technique is essential to realize high density, high speed and low voltage ferroelectric memories. In this report, we investigated silicate doping to sol-gel Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 films which is used in current devices. Keywords: PZTthin filmsol-gelferroelectric memory
Mechanism and Transition-State Structures for Nickel-Catalyzed Reductive Alkyne−Aldehyde Coupling Reactions (2009)

The mechanism of nickel-catalyzed reductive alkyne-aldehyde coupling reactions has been investigated using density functional theory. The preferred mechanism involves oxidative cyclization to form the nickeladihydrofuran intermediate followed by transmetalation and reductive elimination. The rate- and selectivity-determining oxidative cyclization transition state is analyzed in detail. The d --> pi*(perpendicular) back-donation stabilizes the transition state and leads to higher reactivity for alkynes than alkenes. Strong Lewis acids accelerate the couplings with both alkynes and alkenes by coordinating with the aldehyde oxygen in the transition state.
Optically Synchronized Frontend for High-Power Short-Pulse OPCPA System (2009)

We present the development of a light source for synchronous seeding of both the pump laser and optical parametric chirped pulse amplification (OPCPA) chain of a high power Petawatt Field Synthesizer (PFS).