gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
2P-126 Real time imaging of tRNA dynamics with a zero-mode waveguides during translation(The 46th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society of Japan) (2008)

2P-121 alptthDNA7b7(e-va)eM"kDNA=>tf=-7tVti
Near-field diffraction of scalar optical fields (1993)

Important applications such as near-field microscopy and high-density optical data storage have recently prompted considerable interest in near-field optics, where both the propagation distances and the spatial features are smaller than a wavelength.
Suppressors made from intermetallic materials (2023)

Disclosed are several examples of apparatuses for suppressing the blast and flash produced as a projectile is expelled by gases from a firearm. In some examples, gases are diverted away from the central chamber to an expansion chamber by baffles. The gases are absorbed by the expansion chamber and desorbed slowly, thus decreasing pressure and increasing residence time of the gases. In other examples, the gases impinge against a plurality of rods before expanding through passages between the rods to decrease the pressure and increase the residence time of the gases. These and other exemplary suppressors are made from an intermetallic material composition for enhanced strength and oxidation resistance at high operational temperatures.
Contribution à l'étude du système quaternaire K+NH4+CrOSOH2O: II. L'isotherme de 25°C (1970)

Abstract The study at 25°C of the system K + NH CrO SO H 2 O has shown experimentally the existence of a new type of quaternary system of solubility with two cations and two anions. The solubility diagramm is caracterized by the presence of two adjacent ternary limiting systems with a miscibility gap, three univariant lines (one of them being evanescent), one invariant point, three binary and one ternary miscibility gaps.
20101 Stress Analyses in CMP Processing with Cu/low-k Structure (2006)

Porous low-k materials are required in the construction of LSI devices. However, the extremely low Young's modulus values of these materials result in peeling and/or stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of Cu interconnects during chemical mechanical planarization (CMP). We performed finite element method (FEM) analysis of stress during each step in CMP processing varying Young's modulus of interlayer dielectric (ILD) films. The results supported that the horizontal tensile stress concentrated especially at the edges of the isolated fine wiring, and that higher tensile stresses appeared at the step of barrier CMP. Moreover, the maximum values of tensile stress increased with the decrease of Young's modulus of low-k films. Shear stresses also increased with the increase of the difference of Young's modulus between materials. Since the cause of these stresses are due to the downward CMP pressure on the hard material (e.g. Cu) and the soft material (e.g. low-k film), which indented the soft materials, CMP process with a lower downward pressure and a structure with dummy pattern is recommended.
S1: MPX Manufacturing Process and Chemical Constituents from Muscadine Grape Skin Extract (MPX) in Men with Biochemically Recurrent Prostate Cancer: A Randomized, Multicenter, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial (2023)

&lt;p&gt;S1 describes the process employed in manufacturing MPX and summarizes the chemical constituents of the MPX batch used in this study.&lt;/p&gt;
IL-18 Elicited Suppressor NK Cells with Immunoregulatory Functions (2008)

Abstract Cancer-induced tolerance involves multiple immunosuppressive pathways, which subvert adaptive immune responses against tumor cells. Extensive phenotypic characterization of NK cells from tumor-bearing mice led us to the observation of a consistent expansion of c-kit-expressing NK cells (Kit+NK cells) compromising the NK cell arm of tumor immunosurveillance. In naïve animals, Kit+NK cells (CD3−NK1.1+CD117+) represent about 3.3±0.7% of blood, 4.8±1.4% of spleen and 13.2±2.4% of lymph node NK cells. In tumor-bearing animals, percentages and absolute numbers of Kit+NK cells increased to levels that mediate inhibitory effects on mature NK cells. Purified Kit+NK cells failed to produce IFNγ or GM-CSF in response to IL-2 and could not promote DC maturation in contrast to conventional Kit−NK cells. Moreover, adoptive transfer of Kit+ (but not Kit−) NK cells into mice injected with CT26 colon carcinomas or B16F10 melanomas promoted the establishment of lung metastases. Micro array comparison of CD3−NK1.1+Kit+ and CD3−NK1.1+Kit− cells revealed profound differences in their transcriptomes. Two major sets of genes involved in tolerance (B7-H1, CTLA4, Lag3, Hmox1) or tissue repair and bone marrow homeostasis (Cxcl2, CD81, CD63, Csf2) were markedly up-regulated in Kit+NK cells. Among these, B7-H1 appeared particularly intriguing as we found that Kit+NK cells killed Kit−NK cells in a B7-H1/PD-1-dependent manner. Moreover, IL-18 produced by CT26 or B16F10 tumors converts Kit− into Kit+NK cells endowed with immunoablative functions in lymph nodes. Upon tumor inoculation, Kit+ NK cells, which upregulate B7-H1, accumulate in lymphoid organs in an IL-18R/MyD88-dependent manner and directly kill conventional NK cells, thereby promoting the progression of NK-controlled cancers. Importantly, IL-18R−/− mice lost the development of Kit+NK cells during tumor progression. Neutralization of IL-18 by RNA interference in tumors or systemically by IL-18-binding protein (IL-18BP) reduced the expansion of Kit+NK cells, stimulated the NK cell-dependent immunosurveillance and significantly reduced tumor growth. The inflammatory cytokine IL-18 is known to accumulate in cancer-bearing patients but its pathophysiological role still remains unclear. Here, we show that IL-18 is a major tumor-derived immunosuppressant affecting the innate arm of tumor immunosurveillance. In summary, these data suggest that IL-18 promotes the expansion of Kit+NK cells endowed with immunosuppressive functions that could act as negative regulator of general NK responses.
Temperature and pyoverdine‐mediated iron acquisition control surface motility of Pseudomonas putida (2007)

Pseudomonas putida KT2440 is unable to swarm at its common temperature of growth in the laboratory (30 degrees C) but exhibits surface motility similar to swarming patterns in other Pseudomonas between 18 degrees C and 28 degrees C. These motile cells show differentiation, consisting on elongation and the presence of surface appendages. Analysis of a collection of mutants to define the molecular determinants of this type of surface movement in KT2440 shows that while type IV pili and lipopolysaccharide O-antigen are requisites flagella are not. Although surface motility of flagellar mutants was macroscopically undistinguishable from that of the wild type, microscopy analysis revealed that these mutants move using a distinct mechanism to that of the wild-type strain. Mutants either in the siderophore pyoverdine (ppsD) or in the FpvA siderophore receptor were also unable to spread on surfaces. Motility in the ppsD strain was totally restored with pyoverdine and partially with the wild-type ppsD allele. Phenotype of the fpvA strain was not complemented by this siderophore. We discuss that iron influences surface motility and that it can be an environmental cue for swarming-like movement in P. putida. This study constitutes the first report assigning an important role to pyoverdine iron acquisition in en masse bacterial surface movement.
Production of Inhalable Bacteriophage Dry Powders (2017)

Phage therapy is a possible alternative to conventional antibiotics to treat pulmonary infections caused by multidrug resistance (MDR) bacterial strains [1-4], due to its high specificity, low toxicity, capability of auto-dosing and biofilm penetration. However, most research has been confined to liquid presentations using intranasal instillation and nebulization. Therefore, there is an aim to develop efficacious and stable phage powder formulations for easy storage, transport and administration. We have previously demonstrated the suitability of spray drying and spray freeze drying to incorporate phages into inhalable dry powders [5], and shown the effect of storage humidity on the long term stability of the spray dried phage powders [6]. In the present work, we extend this to investigate the effect of storage temperature and leucine on the long term stability of inhalable powders of two types of Pseudomonas phages, PEV2 and PEV40.
Highly efficient photometrics tailoring by means of optimized bell-shaped lens arrays (2008)

An innovative optical panel provided with an hexagonal array of refractive lenses having a properly optimized doublecurvature profile has been simulated by ray-tracing and fabricated by injection-moulding. Such lenses are constituted by a concave profile (having negative curvature radius) on their bottom and a convex profile (having positive curvature radius) on their top. We demonstrate that, if compared to refractive elements with conventional geometry, bell-shaped microlenses allow to collect incident rays within a wider angular range (so reducing the number of rays lost by TIR ) and to properly re-direct them. When installed on fluorescent tubes-based professional lighting systems, such refractive elements allow to reduce undesirable glare as prescribed by EN12464-1 Interior Lighting Design Standards and to finely control photometric outputs of luminaries. Besides, bell-shaped microlenses-based films were also simulated to be applied onto a bottom-emitting lambertian OLED. We demonstrate that, by properly tailoring both concave and convex profile shape, it is possible to increase the outcoupling efficiency, as well as the luminous flux emitted by the exit surface, by a factor up to 1.95 and, at the same time, to produce far-field photometric outputs characterized by uniform isocandela distribution maps with an aperture angle up to 60°.
Characterization of Pharmaceutical Cocrystals and Salts by Dynamic Nuclear Polarization-Enhanced Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy (2018)

Multicomponent solids such as cocrystals have emerged as a way to control and engineer the stability, solubility, and manufacturability of solid active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Cocrystals are typically formed by solution- or solid-phase reactions of APIs with suitable cocrystal coformers, which are often weak acids. One key structural question about a given multicomponent solid is whether it should be classified as a salt, where the basic API is protonated by the acid, or as a cocrystal, where the API and coformer remain neutral and engage in hydrogen bonding interactions. It has previously been demonstrated that solid-state NMR spectroscopy is a powerful probe of structure in cocrystals and salts of APIs; however, the poor sensitivity of solid-state NMR spectroscopy usually restricts the types of experiments that can be performed. Here, relayed dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) was applied to reduce solid-state NMR experiment times by 1–2 orders of magnitude for salts and cocrystals of a complex API. The large sensitivity gains from DNP facilitates rapid acquisition of natural isotopic abundance 13C and 15N solid-state NMR spectra. Critically, DNP enables double resonance 1H–15N solid-state NMR experiments such as 2D 1H–15N HETCOR, 1H–15N CP-build up, 15N{1H} J-resolved/attached proton tests, 1H–15N DIPSHIFT, and 1H–15N PRESTO. The latter two experiments allow 1H–15N dipolar coupling constants and H–N bond lengths to be accurately measured, providing an unambiguous assignment of nitrogen protonation state and definitive classification of the multicomponent solids as cocrystals or salts. These types of measurements should also be extremely useful in the context of polymorph discrimination, NMR crystallography structure determination, and for probing hydrogen bonding in a variety of organic materials.
Short-wavelength lasers pumped by Auger decay (1987)

A gain of e7 was observed in a new short-wavelength laser at 109 nm. A population inversion was created by selective Auger decay following inner-shell photoionization of xenon. A gain of 90 nm in a similar system in kyrpton has also been observed.
New Applications for Cryotherapy (2020)

Cryotherapy, or more commonly known as cold therapy, is the use of low temperatures in medical treatment. The most prominent use of cryotherapy is for cryosurgery where application of very low temperatures is used to ablate diseased tissue (e.g., most commonly in dermatology). Recent research, however, shows that low temperature may modulate collagen fibers beyond the already known effects of extreme cooling on joint pain relieve and inflammation. The goal of this brief review is to outline the known effects of extreme cooling on molecular, fiber and cell physiology and to leverage these properties in various potential medical applications. Specially, we will discuss potential cryotherapies for treatment of osteoarthritis and destruction of fat cells (i.e., cryolipolysis) for treatment of diabetes. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease, where joint pain and stiffness worsen over time. One of the most effective ways to relief joint pain is cooling the joint. Indeed, when evaluating different strategies to externally cool affected joints, it was found that reducing the internal joint temperature by ~ 10°C has beneficial effects in terms of pain reduction and regression in local inflammation. Moreover, collagen, whose deterioration is a major part of OA pathophysiology, regains elasticity after several freeze-thaw cycle. Finally, cartilage cells response to cold by increasing collagen formation and reducing matrix enzyme production, and adipose tissue within the joint that promote OA by supporting inflammation is susceptible to cold temperatures. Obesity is also a devastating disease that contributes to OA. Reduction of the temperature within the joint results in reduced inflammation, renewed collagen synthesis and reduced pain. Similarly, induction of extreme low temperatures in adipose tissue results in adipocytes loss without damage to surrounding tissues. Hence, cryotherapy has applications to modulation of collagen and fat cells for various therapies.
Combined Ubisol-Q10 and Ashwagandha Root Extract Target Multiple Biochemical Mechanisms and Reduces Neurodegeneration in a Paraquat-Induced Rat Model of Parkinson’s Disease (2021)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by progressive neurodegeneration in the substantia nigra (SN) region resulting in loss of movement coordination. Current therapies only provide symptomatic relief, and there is no agent to halt the progression of PD. Previously, Ubisol-Q<sub>10</sub>, a water-soluble formulation of coenzyme-Q<sub>10,</sub> and ethanolic root extract of ashwagandha (ASH) have been shown to inhibit PD pathology in rodent models when used alone. Here, we evaluated the neuroprotective efficacy of oral administration of ASH and Ubisol-Q<sub>10</sub> alone and in combination in a paraquat-induced PD rat model. The combined treatment resulted in better-preserved neuron morphology compared to Ubsiol-Q<sub>10</sub> or ASH alone. The combination treatment enhanced activation of pro-survival astroglia and inhibited pro-inflammatory microglia. While anti-oxidative effects were seen with both agents, Ubisol-Q<sub>10</sub> activated autophagy, whereas ashwagandha showed a better anti-inflammatory response. Thus, the combined treatment caused inhibition of oxidative stress, autophagy activation, inhibition of pro-inflammatory microglia, and activation of pro-survival astroglia. Consequently, paraquat (PQ)-treated rats given the combination treatment in drinking water did not show motor impairment. Based on these interesting observations, the combined treatment containing two well-tolerated natural compounds could be a more effective strategy to halt the progression of PD.
Efficient infrared-to-electrical conversion with semiconductor heterojunction thermophotovoltaic devices (2006)

A novel heterojunction thermophotovoltaic device, converting infrared radiation to electricity, has been demonstrated with a room-temperature open-circuit voltage of 360 mV, the highest demonstrated for a 0.54-eV-bandgap device.
Photonic Band Gap from a Stack of Positive and Negative Index Materials (2003)

Layered heterostructures combining ordinary and negative refractive index materials are shown to display a new type of photonic band gap corresponding to zero (volume) averaged refractive index. Distinct from band gaps induced by Bragg scattering, the zero-n; gap is invariant upon a change of scale length and is insensitive to disorder that is symmetric in the random variable. A metallic structure that exhibits such a band gap is explicitly designed, and its properties are calculated with accurate finite difference time domain simulations.
Circulation of influenza viruses and paramyxoviruses in waterfowl originating from two different areas of North America. (1985)

Migratory waterfowl and shore birds harbour a wide range of influenza viruses, some of which have been implicated in influenza outbreaks in mammals and domestic birds. In the present study, a comparison was made of two marshalling areas for different migratory flyways of waterfowl in North America over a 6-8-year period. Virtually all known influenza subtypes were isolated and the predominant subtype changed from year to year. A marked difference between the two locations was that the predominant subtypes circulating were never the same, even though in both areas, most virus isolations were made from the same duck species (mallard duck). Isolations of paramyxovirus were characterized mainly as avian PMV-1.
Combination Human B7.1/NHS76 and B7.1/Fc Fusion Protein Immunotherapy and CD25+ T-Regulatory Cell Depletion Produces Complete Remissioin of Transplanted Solid Tumors (2004)

s for the 19th Annual Scientific Meeting of the International Society for Biological Therapy of Cancer, San Francisco, California, November 4-7, 2004: Antibody Therapy
Heat shock protein hsp70 cognate gene expression in vegetative and reproductive organs of Lycopersicon esculentum (1989)

We have detected hsc70 gene expression (heat shock protein hsp70 cognate) during vegetative growth and reproductive development in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). Using RNA from a tomato hsc70 cDNA as a probe in in situ hybridizations, we have determined expression patterns of hsc70 in nonstressed tomato roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and developing fruits. We have localized high levels of hsc70 transcript to the vascular system of the ovary, dividing cells of the lateral root tips, and the inner integument of developing seeds. We also see expression in the transmitting tissue, in immature anthers, and in embryos. We cannot detect expression in mature pollen, xylem, or ovules. These data indicate that the expression of at least some tomato hsp70 family members is developmentally regulated.
Understanding users' preferences for surface gestures (2010)

We compare two gesture sets for interactive surfaces---a set of gestures created by an end-user elicitation method and a set of gestures authored by three HCI researchers. Twenty-two participants who were blind to the gestures' authorship evaluated 81 gestures presented and performed on a Microsoft Surface. Our findings indicate that participants preferred gestures authored by larger groups of people, such as those created by end-user elicitation methodologies or those proposed by more than one researcher. This preference pattern seems to arise in part because the HCI researchers proposed more physically and conceptually complex gestures than end-users. We discuss our findings in detail, including the implications for surface gesture design.
Improved Innate and Adaptive Immunostimulation by Genetically Modified HIV-1 Protein Expressing NYVAC Vectors (2011)

Attenuated poxviruses are safe and capable of expressing foreign antigens. Poxviruses are applied in veterinary vaccination and explored as candidate vaccines for humans. However, poxviruses express multiple genes encoding proteins that interfere with components of the innate and adaptive immune response. This manuscript describes two strategies aimed to improve the immunogenicity of the highly attenuated, host-range restricted poxvirus NYVAC: deletion of the viral gene encoding type-I interferon-binding protein and development of attenuated replication-competent NYVAC. We evaluated these newly generated NYVAC mutants, encoding HIV-1 env, gag, pol and nef, for their ability to stimulate HIV-specific CD8 T-cell responses in vitro from blood mononuclear cells of HIV-infected subjects. The new vectors were evaluated and compared to the parental NYVAC vector in dendritic cells (DCs), RNA expression arrays, HIV gag expression and cross-presentation assays in vitro. Deletion of type-I interferon-binding protein enhanced expression of interferon and interferon-induced genes in DCs, and increased maturation of infected DCs. Restoration of replication competence induced activation of pathways involving antigen processing and presentation. Also, replication-competent NYVAC showed increased Gag expression in infected cells, permitting enhanced cross-presentation to HIV-specific CD8 T cells and proliferation of HIV-specific memory CD8 T-cells in vitro. The recombinant NYVAC combining both modifications induced interferon-induced genes and genes involved in antigen processing and presentation, as well as increased Gag expression. This combined replication-competent NYVAC is a promising candidate for the next generation of HIV vaccines.
Optimizing Computational and Communication Resources for MEC Network Empowered UAV-RIS Communication (2022)

&lt;p&gt;With the technological evolution and new applications, user equipment (UEs) has become a vital part of our lives. However, limited computational capabilities and finite battery life bottleneck the performance of computationally demanding applications. A practical solution to enhance the quality of experience (QoE) is to offload the extensive computation to the mobile edge cloud (MEC). Moreover, the network's performance can be further improved by deploying an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) integrated with intelligent reflective surfaces (IRS): an effective alternative to massive antenna systems to enhance the signal quality and suppress interference. In this work, the MEC network architecture is assisted by UAV-IRS to provide computational services to the UEs. To do so, a cost minimization problem in terms of computing time and hovering energy consumption is formulated. Furthermore, to achieve an efficient solution to a formulated challenging problem, the original optimization problem is decoupled into sub-problems using the block-coordinate decent method. Moreover, numerical results are compared to baseline schemes to determine the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. Simulation results demonstrate that the optimal allocation of local computational resources results in minimizing tasks' computational time and hovering energy consumption.&lt;/p&gt;
57.4L: Late‐News Paper : Transflective LCD Combining Transmissive IPS and Reflective In‐Cell Retarder ECB (2007)

Abstract In‐cell retarder technology enables two kinds of display modes with different features to be realized in the pixels of transflective LCDs. Using this concept, we have developed a prototype 2.2″ QVGA transflective LCD that combines transmissive IPS for wide viewing angle performance and reflective in‐cell retarder ECB for high reflectance.