gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recent progress of negative-tone imaging with EUV exposure (2015)

ABSTRACT This study describes the recent progress of negative-tone imaging with EUV exposure (EUV-NTI) compared with positive-tone development (PTD). NTI uses organic solvent-based developer to provide low swelling and smooth- dissolving behavior. Therefore, EUV-NTI is expected to offer several advantages in terms of performance, especially for improving line-width roughness (LWR), which is expected to resolve the resolution, LWR, and sensitivity (RLS) trade-off. Herein, novel chemical amplified resist materials for EUV-NTI are investigated to improve LWR and sensitivity. Results indicate that the EUV-NTI has better performance than PTD, with single digit mJ/cm 2 , while maintaining the LWR performance. Furthermore, EUV-NTI processing such as the pre-applied bake (PAB) temperature, post-exposure bake (PEB) temperature, development procedure, and rinse procedure are very effective for improving the lithographic performance. In addition, the lithographic perfor mance with NXE3100 scanner is also reported. Keywords: EUV exposure, negative-tone imaging (NTI), organic solvent development, chemical amplified resist
Structure Overhaul Affords a Potent Purine PI3Kδ Inhibitor with Improved Tolerability (2019)

PI3Kδ catalytic activity is required for immune cell activation, and has been implicated in inflammatory diseases as well as hematological malignancies in which the AKT pathway is overactive. A purine PI3Kδ inhibitor bearing a benzimidazolone–piperidine motif was found to be poorly tolerated in dog, which was attributed to diffuse vascular injury. Several strategies were implemented to mitigate this finding, including reconstruction of the benzimidazolone–piperidine selectivity motif. Structure-based design led to the identification of O- and N-linked heterocycloalkyls, with pyrrolidines being particularly ligand efficient and kinome selective, and having an improved safety pharmacology profile. A representative was advanced into a dog tolerability study where it was found to be well tolerated, with no histopathological evidence of vascular injury.
Quantifying initial cellular events of mouse radiation lymphomagenesis and its tumor prevention in vivo by positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (2014)

Radiation-induced thymic lymphoma (RITL) in mice is induced by fractionated whole-body X-irradiation (FX) and has served as a useful model for studying radiation carcinogenesis. In this model, the initial postirradiation cellular events in the thymus and bone marrow (BM) are critically important for tumorigenesis, and BM transplantation (BMT) prevents RITL. However, direct assessment of these events is so far restricted by the lack of noninvasive monitoring techniques. Here, we have developed positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods to quantify the events critical for RITL development and the effects of BMT in living animals. Apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) were calculated from diffusion-weighted MRI to evaluate the changes in the BM of mice receiving FX. ADC values dramatically changed in the irradiated BM, corresponding to pathological findings of the irradiated BM, returning to normal levels following BMT sooner than with spontaneous recovery. PET with 4'-[methyl-(11)C]thiothymidine, a novel tracer for cell proliferation, revealed that the irradiated thymus showed significantly higher tracer uptake than the unirradiated thymus 1 week after FX. Interestingly, its increased uptake was completely abolished by BMT, even with very few donor-derived cells in the thymus. Thereafter, the thymus receiving BMT had significantly increased tracer uptake. These findings suggest that BMT first suppresses FX-induced aberrant thymocyte proliferation and then accelerates thymic regeneration. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using PET and MRI for noninvasive monitoring of tumorigenic cellular processes in an animal model of radiation-induced cancer.
Motion-biasing, not asynchronous feature binding, explains the feature-flash drag effect (2010)

Cai and Schlag [VSS 2001] demonstrated that a flashed feature of a moving object — say, a translating bar that flashes blue for one frame — is mislocalized to a later point in the trajectory. If the bar changes height as it moves, then the blueness appears to fill the height of a bar further along the trajectory. They suggested the illusion results from asynchronous feature binding (AFB), i.e., the flashed color change is “delayed and assigned to a later occurring bar” [Cai & Cavanagh, VSS 2002]. Our evidence speaks against an AFB explanation, suggesting instead that motion signals drag the position judgments of the feature-flashed bar (causing “feature-flash drag’). To distinguish between the AFB and motion-biasing models, we presented the illusion with fewer apparent-motion stations: the bar completes its trajectory in the same amount of time, but with fewer appearances. Here, the blue bar appears shifted to a location where no bar was presented. This speaks against AFB, which predicts the assignment of blue to a later appearance of the bar. Cai & Cavanagh suggested that positions of the moving object may be interpolated before AFB; however, our alternative hypothesis of motion-biasing may account for more data (ref. Whitney, 2002). Next, Ss counted the number of white bars that appeared after the blue bar. In the AFB model, blueness assigned to a later bar should cause Ss to undercount. However, Ss counted veridically, supporting the motion-biasing model. Lastly, the blue bar is seen at intermediate heights that never actually occurred (also shown by Cai & Cavanagh). We suggest that motion signals may be applied differentially to the individual edges of an object (here, the top and bottom edges of a growing bar move orthogonally to the bar's translation). Instead of asynchronous perception, this illusion may demonstrate the generality of motion biasing and offer a unified explanation for flash-lag and flash-drag effects.
Data-Rich Experimentation Enables Palladium-Catalyzed Couplings of Piperidines and Five-Membered (Hetero)aromatic Electrophiles (2019)

To circumvent a current limitation in palladium-catalyzed C–N cross-coupling methodology, high-throughput experimentation was used to identify a catalyst capable of fusing piperidine-based nucleophiles with five-membered (hetero)aromatic bromides. A decomposition pathway for the standard electrophile was found, and a base screen was used to identify conditions that suppress this undesired transformation. Building on this, systematic optimization using a Design of Experiments approach delivered mild reaction conditions that were then subsequently applied to a variety of coupling partners.
First Women, Second Sex (2015)

Contributing to the writing of history has never been as easy as it is today. Anyone with access to the Web is able to play a part on Wikipedia, an open and free encyclopedia, and arguably one of the primary sources of knowledge on the Web. In this paper, we study gender bias in Wikipedia in terms of how women and men are characterized in their biographies. To do so, we analyze biographical content in three aspects: meta-data, language, and network structure. Our results show that, indeed, there are differences in characterization and structure. Some of these differences are reflected from the off-line world documented by Wikipedia, but other differences can be attributed to gender bias in Wikipedia content. We contextualize these differences in social theory and discuss their implications for Wikipedia policy.
A Novel Campylobacter jejuni Two-Component Regulatory System Important for Temperature-Dependent Growth and Colonization (1999)

Campylobacter jejuni colonizes the intestines of domestic and wild animals and is a common cause of human diarrheal disease. We identified a two-component regulatory system, designated the RacR-RacS (reduced ability to colonize) system, that is involved in a temperature-dependent signalling pathway. A mutation of the response regulator gene racR reduced the organism's ability to colonize the chicken intestinal tract and resulted in temperature-dependent changes in its protein profile and growth characteristics.
MOD Derived Pyrochlore Films as Buffer Layer for All-Chemical YBCO Coated Conductors (2013)

We report a detailed study performed on La <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> Zr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7</sub> pyrochlore material grown by the metal-organic decomposition method as buffer layers for YBa <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> Cu <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7-x</sub> (YBCO) coated conductors. High-quality epitaxial LZO thin films have been obtained on single crystal (SC) and Ni-5 %at.W substrates. In order to evaluate structural and morphological properties, films have been characterized by means of X-ray diffraction analyses, atomic force microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Precursor solutions and heat treatments have been studied by thermogravimetric analyses and infrared spectra with the aim of optimizing the annealing process. Thin films of YBCO have been deposited by pulsed laser ablation on this buffer layer. The best results obtained on SC showed YBCO films with critical temperature values above 90 K, high self-field critical current density values (J <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> >; 1 MA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) and high irreversibility field values (8.3 T) at 77 K together with a rather high depinning frequency ν <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</sub> (0.5 T, 77 K) >; 44 GHz as determined at microwaves. The best results on Ni-5% at.W has been obtained introducing in the heat treatment a pyrolysis process at low temperature in air in order to remove the residual organic part of the precursor solution.
Deciphering O-glycoprotease substrate preferences with O-Pair Search (2022)

O-glycoproteases are an emerging class of enzymes that selectively digest glycoproteins at positions decorated with specific O-linked glycans. O-glycoprotease substrates range from any O-glycoprotein (albeit with specific O-glycan modifications) to only glycoproteins harboring specific O-glycosylated sequence motifs, such as those found in mucin domains. Their utility for multiple glycoproteomic applications is driving the search to both discover new O-glycoproteases and to understand how structural features of characterized O-glycoproteases influence their substrate specificities. One challenge of defining O-glycoprotease specificity restraints is the need to characterize O-glycopeptides with site-specific analysis of O-glycosites. Here, we demonstrate how O-Pair Search, a recently developed O-glycopeptide-centric identification platform that enables rapid searches and confident O-glycosite localization, can be used to determine substrate specificities of various O-glycoproteases de novo from LC-MS/MS data of O-glycopeptides. Using secreted protease of C1 esterase inhibitor (StcE) from enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli and O-endoprotease OgpA from Akkermansia mucinophila, we explore numerous settings that effect O-glycopeptide identification and show how non-specific and semi-tryptic searches of O-glycopeptide data can produce candidate cleavage motifs that can be used to define new protease cleavage settings that lower search times and improve O-glycopeptide identifications. We use this platform to generate a consensus motif for the recently characterized immunomodulating metalloprotease (IMPa) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and show that IMPa is a favorable O-glycoprotease for characterizing densely O-glycosylated mucin-domain glycoproteins.
Thermal face recognition over time (2004)

We present a comparative study of face recognition performance with visible and thermal infrared imagery, emphasizing the influence of time-lapse between enrollment and testing images. Most previous research in this area, with few exceptions, focused on results obtained when enrollment and testing images were acquired in the same session. We show that the performance difference between visible and thermal recognition in a time-lapse scenario is smaller than previously believed, and in fact is not statistically significant on existing data sets.
CHANGES IN PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SUPER LONG CARBON NANOTUBES AFTER DIFFERENT METHODS OF PURIFICATION (2018)

The results of carbon nanotubes purification with various methods are presented. Methods providing residual impurities content less than 1% were revealed. Carbon nanotubes were investigated by Raman spectroscopy, TEM, SEM and TGA. Their electrical conductivity was measured as well.
Dyadic Interaction Assessment from Free-living Audio for Depression Severity Assessment (2022)

Psychomotor retardation in depression has been associated with speech timing changes from dyadic clinical interviews. In this work, we investigate speech timing features from free-living dyadic interactions. Apart from the possibility of continuous monitoring to complement clinical visits, a study in free-living conditions would also allow inferring sociability features such as dyadic interaction frequency implicated in depression. We adapted a speaker count estimator as a dyadic interaction detector with a specificity of 89.5% and a sensitivity of 86.1% in the DIHARD dataset. Using the detector, we obtained speech timing features from the detected dyadic interactions in multi-day audio recordings of 32 participants comprised of 13 healthy individuals, 11 individuals with depression, and 8 individuals with psychotic disorders. The dyadic interaction frequency increased with depression severity in participants with no or mild depression, indicating a potential diagnostic marker of depression onset. However, the dyadic interaction frequency decreased with increasing depression severity for participants with moderate or severe depression. In terms of speech timing features, the response time had a significant positive correlation with depression severity. Our work shows the potential of dyadic interaction analysis from audio recordings of free-living to obtain markers of depression severity.
Science and technology of ultra clean systems (2003)

The author argues that the semiconductor industry has grown as a result of borrowing a number of basic technologies from other fields. However, it is now time that the industry develop its own technologies for semiconductor manufacturing. In order to integrate a variety of technology fields, where terminologies are so different from one field to the other, into advanced semiconductor technology, a clearly stated leading principle is needed. Ultraclean technology as a leading principle is examined, and ultraclean processing technology is outlined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Stabilization of the Fermi level in photochromic glasses (1984)

Abstract Photochromic glasses doped with thallium, iodide and cadmium have been found not to show the superlinear relationship between equilibrium darkening and excitation intensity which was reported previously for undoped photochromic glasses.
Flow Cytometric Analysis of Micronuclei in Peripheral Blood Reticulocytes: I. Intra- and Interlaboratory Comparison with Microscopic Scoring (2006)

Accumulating evidence suggests that reticulocytes (RETs) in the peripheral blood of rats may represent a suitable cell population for use in the micronucleus assay, despite the ability of the rat spleen to selectively remove micronucleated erythrocytes from the peripheral circulation. To evaluate the analytical performance of a previously described flow cytometric method (Torous et al., 2003, Toxicol. Sci. 74, 309-314) that may allow this assay to be conducted using peripheral blood in lieu of bone marrow sampling, we compared the sensitivity and performance characteristics of the flow cytometric technique with two established microscopy-based scoring methods. Peripheral blood samples from single Sprague-Dawley rats treated for 6 days with either vehicle or cyclophosphamide were prepared in replicate for scoring by the three methods at different laboratories. These blood-based measurements were compared to those derived from bone marrow specimens from the same animals, stained with acridine orange, and scored by microscopy. Through the analysis of replicate specimens, inter- and intralaboratory variability were evaluated for each method. Scoring reproducibility over time was also evaluated. These data support the premise that rat RETs harvested from peripheral blood are a suitable cell population to assess genotoxicant-induced micronucleus formation. The interlaboratory comparison provides evidence of the general robustness of the micronucleus endpoint using different analytical approaches. Furthermore, data presented herein demonstrate a clear advantage of flow cytometry-based scoring over microscopy-significantly lower inter- and intralaboratory variation and higher statistical sensitivity.
Gas Separation by Mixed Matrix Membranes with Porous Organic Polymer Inclusions within o-Hydroxypolyamides Containing m-Terphenyl Moieties (2021)

A hydroxypolyamide (HPA) manufactured from 2,2-bis(3-amino-4-hydroxy phenyl)-hexafluoropropane (APAF) diamine and 5'-terbutyl-<i>m</i>-terphenyl-4,4''-dicarboxylic acid chloride (tBTpCl), and a copolyimide produced by stochiometric copolymerization of APAF and 4,4'-(hexafluoroisopropylidene) diamine (6FpDA), using the same diacid chloride, were obtained and used as polymeric matrixes in mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) loaded with 20% (<i>w</i>/<i>w</i>) of two porous polymer networks (triptycene-isatin, PPN-1, and triptycene-trifluoroacetophenone, PPN-2). These MMMs, and also the thermally rearranged membranes (TR-MMMs) that underwent a thermal treatment process to convert the o-hydroxypolyamide moieties to polybenzoxazole ones, were characterized, and their gas separation properties evaluated for H<sub>2</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>, O<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, and CO<sub>2</sub>. Both TR process and the addition of PPN increased permeability with minor decreases in selectivity for all gases tested. Excellent results were obtained, in terms of the permeability versus selectivity compromise, for H<sub>2</sub>/CH<sub>4</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>/N<sub>2</sub> separations with membranes approaching the 2008 Robeson's trade-off line. The best gas separation properties were obtained when PPN-2 was used. Finally, gas permeation was characterized in terms of chain intersegmental distance and fraction of free volume of the membrane along with the kinetic diameters of the permeated gases. The intersegmental distance increased after TR and/or the addition of PPN-2. Permeability followed an exponential dependence with free volume and a quadratic function of the kinetic diameter of the gas.
Plasmon‐Enhanced Biosensing: Plasmon‐Enhanced Biosensing for Multiplexed Profiling of Extracellular Vesicles (Adv. Biosys. 12/2020) (2020)

In article number 2000003, Hyungsoon Im and co-workers label extracellular vesicles, which are nanoscale phospholipid vesicles secreted by cells, with fluorescently conjugated antibodies. The fluorescence signals are amplified by periodic gold nanohole structures based on surface plasmon resonance. Multi-fluorescence imaging enables multiplexed analyses of proteins with improved sensitivities.
WITHDRAWN: PET Imaging Reveals that Etanercept Crosses the Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid but not the Blood-Brain Barrier: Implications for Alzheimer's Disease. (2009)

Ahead of Print article withdrawn by publisher.
Opening keynote luncheon: “The impact of information technology on health care delivery” (2011)

Health care providers are facing unprecedented pressures to reduce the cost of care and improve the quality and safety of care. These pressures are expected to lead to significant changes in the structure of the industry and the means used to reimburse care providers. Information technology (IT) is seen as a critical contributor to efforts to transform health care delivery. Leveraging a foundation of broadly adopted electronic health records, IT will have four core impacts: — Enabli and improving health care processes — Delivering knowledge to care providers — Engaging patients — Enabling sophisticated analyses of treatment effectiveness and efficiency For IT to achieve its potential research and innovation will be required in several areas.
Direct inter-subdomain interactions switch between the closed and open forms of the Hsp70 nucleotide-binding domain in the nucleotide-free state (2010)

The 70 kDa heat-shock proteins (Hsp70s) are highly conserved chaperones that are involved in several cellular processes, such as protein folding, disaggregation and translocation. In this study, the crystal structures of the human Hsp70 nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) fragment were determined in the nucleotide-free state and in complex with adenosine 5'-(beta,gamma-imido)triphosphate (AMPPNP). The structure of the nucleotide-free NBD fragment is similar to that of the AMPPNP-bound NBD fragment and is designated as the ;closed form'. In the nucleotide-free NBD fragment the closed form is intrinsically supported through interactions between Tyr15, Lys56 and Glu268 which connect subdomains IA, IB and IIB at the centre of the protein. Interaction with the substrate-binding domain (SBD) of Hsp70 or the BAG domain of BAG1 impairs this subdomain connection and triggers the rotation of subdomain IIA around a hydrophobic helix from subdomain IA. The subdomain rotation is limited by Asp199 and Asp206 from subdomain IIA and clearly defines the open form of the NBD. The open form is further stabilized by a new interaction between Gly230 from subdomain IIB and Ser340 from subdomain IIA. The structure of the NBD in the nucleotide-free state is determined by switching of the inter-subdomain interactions.
On the importance of illusions for artificial listeners (1997)

Overview of computational auditory scene analysis.
The Variability of Cerebrovascular Reactivity with Posture and Time (1996)

Transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasonography has been used in a variety of clinical contexts to assess cerebrovascular reserve by measuring carbon dioxide reactivity. Reproducibility with time and altered position of the patient is examined in the present study. Carbon dioxide reactivity was determined in 10 healthy volunteers using TCD. Hypocarbia was produced by voluntary hyperventilation, and hypercarbia was produced by rebreathing from a circuit primed with 7% carbon dioxide. Each patient was studied in the supine position twice (1 week apart) and once in the seated position. Carbon dioxide reactivity was determined from linear regression analysis of paired middle cerebral artery flow velocity and end-tidal carbon dioxide values. Analysis of covariance for repeated measures was used for statistical analysis. Both the absolute slope and the relative slope (absolute slope expressed as a percentage of flow velocity at 40 mm Hg) were compared. In the supine position, flow velocity, absolute and relative slopes, and mean arterial pressure were similar from one week to the next at all carbon dioxide levels. In contrast, flow velocity, mean arterial pressure (adjusted for hydrostatic gradient), and absolute slope were decreased in the seated position (p < 0.05). No difference was observed when the relative slope was used for comparison. We conclude that absolute carbon dioxide reactivity is reproducible over time but may be influenced by position. Relative reactivity (relative slope), however, was both time and position independent.