gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intermolecular interactions play a role in the distribution and transport of charged contrast agents in a cartilage model (2019)

The transport and distribution of charged molecules in polyelectrolyte solutions are of both fundamental and practical importance. A practical example, which is the specific subject addressed in the present paper, is the transport and distribution of charged species into cartilage. The charged species could be a contrast agent or a drug molecule involved in diagnosis or treatment of the widespread degenerative disease osteoarthritis, which leads to degradation of articular cartilage. Associated scientific issues include the rate of transport and the equilibrium concentrations of the charged species in the cartilage and the synovial fluid. To address these questions, we present results from magnetic resonance micro-imaging experiments on a model system of articular cartilage. The experiments yield temporally and spatially resolved data on the transport of a negatively charged contrast agent (charge = -2), used in medical examinations of cartilage, into a polyelectrolyte solution, which is designed to capture the electrostatic interactions in cartilage. Also presented is a theoretical analysis of the transport where the relevant differential equations are solved using finite element techniques as well as treated with approximate analytical expressions. In the analysis, non-ideal effects are included in the treatment of the mobile species in the system. This is made possible by using results from previous Monte Carlo simulations. The results demonstrate the importance of taking non-idealities into account when data from measurements of transport of charged solutes in a system with fixed charges from biological polyelectrolytes are analyzed.
TNF-a Inhibits HIV-1 Replication in Peripheral Blood Monocytes and Alveolar Macrophages by Inducing the Production of RANTES and Decreasing C-C Chemokine (1999)

The pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection is influenced by the immunoregulatory responses of the host. Macrophages present in the lymphoid tissue are susceptible to infection with HIV-1, but are relatively resistant to its cytopathic effects and serve as a reservoir for the virus during the course of disease. Previous investigators have demonstrated that increased serum levels of TNF- a contribute to the clinical symptoms of AIDS and that TNF-a stimulates the production of HIV-1 in chronically infected lymphocytic and monocytic cell lines by increasing HIV-1 gene expression. Although previous studies have suggested that TNF-a may increase HIV-1 infection of primary human mononuclear cells, some recent studies have indicated that TNF-a suppresses HIV-1 infection of macrophages. We now demonstrate that TNF-a suppresses HIV-1 replication in freshly infected peripheral blood monocytes (PBM) and alveolar macrophages (AM) in a dose-dependent manner. As TNF-a has been shown to increase the production of C-C chemokine receptor (CCR5)-binding chemokines under certain circumstances, we hypothesized that TNF-a inhibits HIV-1 replication by increasing the expression of these HIV-suppressive factors. We now show that TNF-a treatment of PBM and AM increases the production of the C-C chemokine, RANTES. Immunodepletion of RANTES alone or in combination with macrophage inflammatory protein-1 a and -1b block the ability of TNF-a to suppress viral replication in PBM and AM. In addition, we found that TNF-a treatment reduces CCR5 expression on PBM and AM. These findings suggest that TNF-a plays a significant role in inhibiting monocytotropic strains of HIV-1 by two distinct, but complementary, mechanisms. The Journal of Immunology, 1999, 163: 3653‐3661.
A Human Leukemia Cell with Both B and T Cell Surface Receptors (1974)

Bone-marrow-derived (B) and thymus-derived (T) lymphocytes can be distinguished by the presence of a number of receptors and differentiation antigens. The presence of these markers has facilitated the identification and characterization of the mononuclear cells in a number of animal and human lymphoid malignancies. We describe here the immunological properties of human leukemia cells that are highly unusual, since they simultaneously bear the receptor for sheep erythrocytes characteristic of human T lymphocytes and the receptor for antigen-antibody-complement complexes characteristic of human B lymphocytes. A small number (about 2%) of normal human lymphocytes bearing both of these receptors was also identified.
Fuel–Air Mixing Experiments in a Directly Fueled Supersonic Cavity Flameholder (2015)

In the present study, planar laser-induced acetone fluorescence was used to quantify the streamwise concentration distribution of an ethylene fuel surrogate (acetone-seeded nitrogen) injected directly into the recirculation region of a cavity flameholder embedded in a nonreacting supersonic airflow. The effect of injection configuration and fueling rate were studied. Parallel injection from the cavity front wall resulted in an ultra-fuel-rich recirculation region (beyond the upper flammability limit of an ethylene–air mixture) with a mixing efficiency that degraded with increased fueling rate. Downstream angled injection from the cavity floor yielded a substantial improvement in terms of the spatial uniformity and flammability of the local mixture. Its mixing efficiency was observed to be independent of fueling rate. The superior mixing ability of the latter injection configuration has the potential to provide increased cavity flameholder operability through a broader range of ignition and blowout limits and more flexibility in terms of ignitor placement than conventional direct-fueling schemes. Further investigation of its performance over a wider range of reacting conditions is warranted.
MyProstateScore in men considering repeat biopsy: validation of a simple testing approach (2022)

In patients who previously underwent a negative prostate biopsy, the MyProstateScore values of 15 and 40 yielded clinically-actionable rule-in and rule-out risk groups. Using this straightforward testing approach, MyProstateScore can meaningfully inform patients and physicians weighing the need for repeat biopsy.
Urban Aerosols Induce Pro-inflammatory Cytokine Production in Macrophages and Cause Airway Inflammation in Vivo (2010)

Urban air pollution, especially in developing countries, is a crucial environmental problem. Urban aerosols may contain various kinds of substances and induce harmful effects such as allergic diseases. Therefore, it is critical to clarify the biological effects of urban aerosols on human health. In this study, we evaluated the induction of airway inflammation in vitro and in vivo due to exposure of urban aerosols. We investigated cytokine production and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation after stimulation of macrophage cells by exposure of urban aerosols. Urban aerosols were found to induce the production of interleukin (IL)-8, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and IL-1beta on macrophage cells. In addition, we showed that NF-kappaB pathway regulated the urban aerosols-induced inflammatory cytokine response. Moreover, the intranasal administration of urban aerosols resulted in increases in the total cell number in bronchoalveolar lavage and infiltration of eosinophils in lung tissue. These results indicate that urban aerosols induce respiratory inflammation and onset of inflammatory disease due to an activation of the immune system.
A Coupled Magnetomechanical Model for Magnetostrictive Transducers and its Application to Villari-Effect Sensors (2002)

A coupled magnetomechanical model for the design and control of Villarieffect magnetostrictive sensors is presented. The model quantifies the magnetization changes that a magnetostrictive material undergoes when subjected to a dc excitation field and variable stresses. The magnetic behavior is characterized by considering the Jiles-Atherton mean field theory for ferromagnetic hysteresis. This theory is constructed from a thermodynamic balance between the energy available for magnetic moment rotation and the energy lost as domain walls attach to and detach from pinning sites. The effect of stress on magnetization is quantified through a law of approach to the anhysteretic magnetization. Elastic properties are incorporated by means of a wave equation that quantifies the strains and stresses which arise in magnetostrictive materials in response to moment rotations. This yields a nonlinear PDE system for the strains, stresses and magnetization state of a magnetostrictive transducer as it drives or is driven by external loads. Because the model addresses the magnetomechanical coupling, it is applicable to both magnetostrictive sensors and actuators. Properties of the model and approximation method are illustrated by comparison with experimental data collected from a Terfenol-D sensor.
Linoleic acid metabolite drives severe asthma by causing airway epithelial injury (2013)

Airway epithelial injury is the hallmark of various respiratory diseases, but its mechanisms remain poorly understood. While 13-S-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (13-S-HODE) is produced in high concentration during mitochondrial degradation in reticulocytes little is known about its role in asthma pathogenesis. Here, we show that extracellular 13-S-HODE induces mitochondrial dysfunction and airway epithelial apoptosis. This is associated with features of severe airway obstruction, lung remodeling, increase in epithelial stress related proinflammatory cytokines and drastic airway neutrophilia in mouse. Further, 13-S-HODE induced features are attenuated by inhibiting Transient Receptor Potential Cation Channel, Vanilloid-type 1 (TRPV1) both in mouse model and human bronchial epithelial cells. These findings are relevant to human asthma, as 13-S-HODE levels are increased in human asthmatic airways. Blocking of 13-S-HODE activity or disruption of TRPV1 activity attenuated airway injury and asthma mimicking features in murine allergic airway inflammation. These findings indicate that 13-S-HODE induces mitochondrial dysfunction and airway epithelial injury.
Pd−Promoted Ni−P Electroless Deposition on a Hydrogen-Bonded Molecular Surface of a Supramolecular Fibrous Template (2006)

A nickel−phosphorus (Ni−P) hollow microfiber was obtained by simply immersing a recyclable hydrogen-bonded supramolecular fibrous template made of amphoteric azopyridine carboxylic acid in an HCl-acidic PdCl2 aqueous solution and in a Ni−P electroless plating bath, followed by template removal in an alkaline aqueous solution. The Ni−P hollow microfiber had an inner pore diameter of 0.5 μm and a wall thickness of about 50 nm. The mechanism of the Pd-promoted Ni−P electroless deposition on the template surface was revealed by XPS analysis and TEM observation. Coordination of the [PdCl4]2- species and its subsequent hydrolysis and condensation polymerization to a tubular Pd2+ nanosheet and formation of the Pd0 nanoparticle as plating catalyst were brought about on the molecular surface of successive head-to-tail COOH···NC5H4 hydrogen bonds, which comprised the supramolecular fibrous template. The hydrogen-bonded surface ordered at a molecular level leading to the tubular Pd2+ nanosheet played an important role in homogeneous Pd-promoted Ni−P electroless deposition and allowed us to fabricate a uniform Ni−P hollow microfiber.
Photon rectify (2017)

Action cameras have allowed footage from previously unseen points of view, drones allow for innovative aerial shots, which a few years ago, were either impossible or required a helicopter, and finally DSLR video and lens adaptors have made any lens available for video production. These advances provide especially low-budget movie productions with completely new flexibility and potential.
Weaponising microbes for peace (2023)

There is much human disadvantage and unmet need in the world, including deficits in basic resources and services considered to be human rights, such as drinking water, sanitation and hygiene, healthy nutrition, access to basic healthcare, and a clean environment. Furthermore, there are substantive asymmetries in the distribution of key resources among peoples. These deficits and asymmetries can lead to local and regional crises among peoples competing for limited resources, which, in turn, can become sources of discontent and conflict. Such conflicts have the potential to escalate into regional wars and even lead to global instability. Ergo: in addition to moral and ethical imperatives to level up, to ensure that all peoples have basic resources and services essential for healthy living and to reduce inequalities, all nations have a self-interest to pursue with determination all available avenues to promote peace through reducing sources of conflicts in the world. Microorganisms and pertinent microbial technologies have unique and exceptional abilities to provide, or contribute to the provision of, basic resources and services that are lacking in many parts of the world, and thereby address key deficits that might constitute sources of conflict. However, the deployment of such technologies to this end is seriously underexploited. Here, we highlight some of the key available and emerging technologies that demand greater consideration and exploitation in endeavours to eliminate unnecessary deprivations, enable healthy lives of all and remove preventable grounds for competition over limited resources that can escalate into conflicts in the world. We exhort central actors: microbiologists, funding agencies and philanthropic organisations, politicians worldwide and international governmental and non-governmental organisations, to engage - in full partnership - with all relevant stakeholders, to 'weaponise' microbes and microbial technologies to fight resource deficits and asymmetries, in particular among the most vulnerable populations, and thereby create humanitarian conditions more conducive to harmony and peace.
Synthesis and solid-state polymerization of a new diacetylene: 1-(N-carbazolyl)penta-1,3-diyn-5-ol (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and solid-state polymerization of a new diacetylene: 1-(N-carbazolyl)penta-1,3-diyn-5-olHiro Matsuda, Hachiro Nakanishi, Takeshi Hosomi, and Masao KatoCite this: Macromolecules 1988, 21, 5, 1238–1240Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00183a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00183a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views271Altmetric-Citations55LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Computational pathology reveals unique spatial patterns of immune response in H&E images from COVID-19 autopsies: preliminary findings (2021)

<b>Purpose:</b> We used computerized image analysis and machine learning approaches to characterize spatial arrangement features of the immune response from digitized autopsied H&E tissue images of the lung in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Additionally, we applied our approach to tease out potential morphometric differences from autopsies of patients who succumbed to COVID-19 versus H1N1. <b>Approach:</b> H&E lung whole slide images from autopsy specimens of nine COVID-19 and two H1N1 patients were computationally interrogated. 606 image patches ( <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mo>∼</mml:mo> <mml:mn>55</mml:mn></mml:mrow> </mml:math> per patient) of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1024</mml:mn> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> <mml:mn>882</mml:mn> <mml:mtext> </mml:mtext> <mml:mtext>pixels</mml:mtext></mml:mrow> </mml:math> were extracted from the 11 autopsied patient studies. A watershed-based segmentation approach in conjunction with a machine learning classifier was employed to identify two types of nuclei families: lymphocytes and non-lymphocytes (i.e., other nucleated cells such as pneumocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils). Based off the proximity of the individual nuclei, clusters for each nuclei family were constructed. For each of the resulting clusters, a series of quantitative measurements relating to architecture and density of nuclei clusters were calculated. A receiver operating characteristics-based feature selection method, violin plots, and the t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding algorithm were employed to study differences in immune patterns. <b>Results:</b> In COVID-19, the immune response consistently showed multiple small-size lymphocyte clusters, suggesting that lymphocyte response is rather modest, possibly due to lymphocytopenia. In H1N1, we found larger lymphocyte clusters that were proximal to large clusters of non-lymphocytes, a possible reflection of increased prevalence of macrophages and other immune cells. <b>Conclusion:</b> Our study shows the potential of computational pathology to uncover immune response features that may not be obvious by routine histopathology visual inspection.
Minimum Cost Constrained Input-Output and Control Configuration\n Co-Design Problem: A Structural Systems Approach (2015)

In this paper, we study the minimal cost constrained input-output (I/O) and\ncontrol configuration co-design problem. Given a linear time-invariant plant,\nwhere a collection of possible inputs and outputs is known a priori, we aim to\ndetermine the collection of inputs, outputs and communication among them\nincurring in the minimum cost, such that desired control performance, measured\nin terms of arbitrary pole-placement capability of the closed-loop system, is\nensured. We show that this problem is NP-hard in general (in the size of the\nstate space). However, the subclass of problems, in which the dynamic matrix is\nirreducible, is shown to be polynomially solvable and the corresponding\nalgorithm is presented. In addition, under the same assumption, the same\nalgorithm can be used to solve the minimal cost constrained I/O selection\nproblem, and the minimal cost control configuration selection problem,\nindividually. In order to illustrate the main results of this paper, some\nsimulations are also provided.\n
Metallkomplexe in Biologie und Medizin, IV. Darstellung und Kristallstruktur von Bis(2–aminoethanthiolato)bismut(III)‐nitrat–Monohydrat (1992)

Metal Complexes in Biology and Medicine, IV [1] . – Synthesis and Structure of Bis(2–aminoethanethiolato)bismuth(III) Nitrate Monohydrate Reaction of bismuth(III) nitrate with 2–aminoethanethiol results in the formation of bis(2–aminoethanethiolato)bismuth(III) nitrate monohydrate ( 1 ), the solid–state structure of which has been established by single–crystal X–ray diffraction. The bidentate chelating ligand leads to the formation of five–membered rings. Due to interaction of neighbouring units via Bi–S bonds, a polymeric three–dimensional structure results in the crystal lattice. The bismuth atom has an eightfold coordination with two coordination sites being provided by sulphur atoms of adjacent molecules.
Evidence of Preformed Lewis Acid–Base and Wheland-Type Complexes Acting as Dopants for p-Type Conjugated Polymers (2022)

Efficient doping of polymer semiconductors is essential for their development as conductors. Although Lewis acids such as B(C6F5)3 have shown promise as dopants for polymers, their doping mechanism is not fully understood. We created 1:1 zwitterionic (including “Wheland-type”) complexes of B(C6F5)3 with conjugated molecules difluorobis(triethylsilylethynyl)anthradithiophene (diF-TES-ADT) and didodecylthienothiophene (DTT-12) and characterized them with 1H NMR, UV–vis spectroscopy, EPR spectroscopy, optical and scanning electron microscopy energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and X-ray diffraction. We employed these complexes as p-dopants for three conjugated polymers and established their doping abilities by conductivity measurements, Seebeck studies, field effect transistor (FET), and remote-gate sensing (RG-FET) measurements. Conductivity changes were dependent on the conjugated molecule adduct component, consistent with the adduct itself serving as the oxidant. The adduct complexes were capable of inducing changes in the surface potential of spun polymer films similar to the behavior shown by conventional dopants. Charge carrier density calculations by remote gate sensing revealed that these adducts can generate holes. We also studied the effect of adding the B(C6F5)3 first, followed by addition of the neat conjugated molecules; the observation of behavior that was different from that using preformed adducts was consistent with the adducts remaining intact during doping. When B(C6F5)3 was added to the polymers, followed by uncomplexed conjugated molecules, the generated hole carrier density is lower than that generated by the B(C6F5)3 dopant but often greater than that generated by the Wheland complexes, indicating a high probability of adduct formation in this case. Density functional theory calculations show that adduct formation between boranes and the conjugated molecules and segments of the polymers is energetically favorable and that some charge transfer between adducts and neutral polymers is plausible if Coulombic and entropic effects are taken into consideration. Thus, such adducts can be considered as possible doping sites for conjugated polymers.
Elevation of circulating TNF receptor 2 in cancer: A systematic meta-analysis for its potential as a diagnostic cancer biomarker (2022)

High Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor 2 (TNFR2) expression is characteristic of diverse malignant cells during tumorigenesis. The protein is also expressed by many immunosuppressive cells during cancer development, allowing cancer immune escape. A growing body of evidence further suggests a correlation between the circulating form of this protein and cancer development. Here we conducted a systematic meta-analysis of cancer studies published up until 1<sup>st</sup> October 2022, in which the circulating soluble TNFR2 (sTNFR2) concentrations in patients with cancers were recorded and their association with cancer risk was assessed. Of the 14,615 identified articles, 44 studies provided data on the correlation between cancer risk and the level of circulating sTNFR2. The pooled means comparison showed a consistently significant increase in the levels of sTNFR2 in diverse cancers when compared to healthy controls. These included colorectal cancer, ovarian cancer, breast cancer, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, lung cancer, hepatocarcinoma, and glioblastoma. In a random-effect meta-analysis, the cancer-specific odd ratios (OR) showed significant correlations between increased circulating sTNFR2 levels and the risk of colorectal cancer, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and hepatocarcinoma at 1.59 (95% CI:1.20-2.11), 1.98 (95% CI:1.49-2.64) and 4.32 (95% CI:2.25-8.31) respectively. The overall result showed an association between circulating levels of sTNFR2 and the risk of developing cancer at 1.76 (95% CI:1.53-2.02). This meta-analysis supports sTNFR2 as a potential diagnostic biomarker for cancer, albeit with different predictive strengths for different cancer types. This is consistent with a potential key role for TNFR2 involvement in cancer development.