gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Vision of a Comprehensive Safety Concept (2001)

A look at the various past achievements in the field of passenger car safety raises the question whether any dramatic steps towards its improvement can still be expected. Will progress be confined to the optimisation of existing systems or does the future hold new substantial safety steps? This paper elaborates on the issue that the time available before a potential accident occurs can be used to improve the safety of occupants and other involved road users. Accident analysis confirms that this is feasible for about two-thirds of all accidents. The recognition of an imminent bears a noteworthy potential for accident prevention, reduction of accident severity and injury severity. The former boundary between active and passive safety thus fades continually. Based upon this it is possible to describe vehicle safety by a comprehensive approach encompassing seven escalation levels. This approach underscores the future intention of Mercedes-Benz to increasingly embrace preventive protection systems in the form of collision mitigation on the active safety side, and PreSafe on the passive safety side. This contribution, focusing on PreSafe, presents various protective measures and describes their advantages.
The biogeochemistry of Pu mobilization and retention (2006)

No abstract prepared.
Finding The Beta For A Portfolio Isn't Obvious: An Educational Example (2018)

When a portfolio is not actively managed to maintain a fixed investment percentage in each asset but rather maintains a fixed number of shares for each asset, the portfolio weights will change over time because the market returns of the different assets will not be the same. Consequently, portfolio betas computed as a linear combination of asset betas, which is the usual practice, will be different from betas computed using regression techniques on portfolio returns as is done when evaluating individual assets and mutual funds. The alternative approaches can result in quite different beta statistics and, consequently, inconsistent decisions depending on which method is used.
Transplantation of chemically-induced liver progenitor cells ameliorates hepatic fibrosis in mice with diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (2022)

The anti-fibrotic effect of CLiPs was demonstrated in the immunodeficient NASH animal model and may have therapeutic applications in humans.
Impaired Eye Movements in Presymptomatic Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 6 (2008)

Among the earliest functional deficits in SCA6 are eye movement abnormalities, including impaired saccade velocity, saccade metrics, and pursuit gain. This suggests that early functional impairments are caused by cellular dysfunction and/or loss in the posterior cerebellar vermis and flocculus. These findings might help to determine the timing of a treatment and to define variables that could be used as outcome measures for the efficacy of therapeutic trials.
Multiscale Visualization: A Structured Literature Analysis (2021)

Multiscale visualizations are typically used to analyze multiscale processes and data in various application domains, such as the visual exploration of hierarchical genome structures in molecular biology. However, creating such multiscale visualizations remains challenging due to the plethora of existing work and the expression ambiguity in visualization research. Up to today, there has been little work to compare and categorize multiscale visualizations to understand their design practices. In this article, we present a structured literature analysis to provide an overview of common design practices in multiscale visualization research. We systematically reviewed and categorized 122 published journal or conference articles between 1995 and 2020. We organized the reviewed articles in a taxonomy that reveals common design factors. Researchers and practitioners can use our taxonomy to explore existing work to create new multiscale navigation and visualization techniques. Based on the reviewed articles, we examine research trends and highlight open research challenges.
Relationship between availability of states and pole/zero cancellations in H/sub ∞/-control (1994)

This note compares servo systems designed with three methods of H/sub /spl infin//-control, that is, output feedback control, state feedback control and partial state feedback control. The three kinds of control use different information of the plant to generate the control input. We show that if more states are used, then the number of the pole/zero cancellations can be reduced.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Low-impedance evaluation of power distribution network for decoupling capacitor embedded interposers of 3-D integrated LSI system (2010)

We evaluated low-impedance power distribution network (PDN) of decoupling capacitor embedded interposers for 3-D integrated LSI system. Measurements are carried out using the developed impedance analyzer system of a wide frequency range for evaluating ultralow impedance, and calculations are carried out using 2.5-D finite element method (FEM) electromagnetic field simulator. We fabricated various types of capacitor mounted or capacitor embedded interposers test element group (TEG), such as surface-mounted and embedded chip capacitors, and thin film capacitors on silicon interposers using the same simple design to compare measurement results with calculation ones. As a result, the chip capacitor embedded organic interposer TEG and thin film capacitor embedded silicon interposer TEG could provide low PDN impedance at a wide frequency range of up to 40 GHz. In particular, the interposer TEGs of the thin film capacitor embedded interposer that shows a low impedance of 0.1 Ω could be evaluated and calculated accurately. By using chip capacitor embedded or thin film capacitor embedded interposers for 3-D integrated LSI system, it is expected that the PDN of the system can be achieved ultralow PDN impedance.
A Cell-Based Bar Code Reader for High-Throughput Screening of Ion Channel−Ligand Interactions (2002)

This paper presents a microfluidics-patch clamp platform for performing high-throughput screening and rapid characterization of weak-affinity ion channel-ligand interactions. This platform integrates a microfluidic chip consisting of multiple channels entering an open volume with standard patch clamp equipment. The microfluidic chip is placed on a motorized scanning stage and the method relies on the ability to scan rapidly, on the order of milliseconds, a patch-clamped cell across discrete zones of different solutions created in the open volume. Under ideal conditions, this method has the capacity to obtain kinetically resolved patch clamp measurements and dose-response curves of up to 10(3) ligand solutions in a single day.
Aberrant methylation and simian virus 40 tag sequences in malignant mesothelioma. (2001)

Aberrant promoter methylation and resultant silencing of several genes plays an important role in the pathogenesis of many tumor types. We compared the methylation profile of 66 malignant mesotheliomas (MMs) and 40 lung adenocarcinomas using methylation-specific PCR for seven genes frequently methylated in lung cancer. We also compared the methylation frequencies of these genes as well as the methylation index, a reflection of all of the gene frequencies, with the presence of SV40 large T-antigen (Tag) sequences, histological subtype, and patient survival. Our major findings are: (a) with the exception of the RASSF1A promoter of the RASSF1 gene, frequencies of aberrant methylation were significantly lower in MMs than in adenocarcinomas; (b) the frequency of RASSF1A aberrant methylation and the value of the methylation index were significantly higher in SV40 sequence positive MM than in negative MM; and (c) the methylation index was higher in epithelial MM than in sarcomatous/mixed MM. Our results demonstrate a relationship between SV40 and aberrant methylation in MMs.
Malaria Diagnosis by Direct Observation of Centrifuged Samples of Blood (1988)

We compared the effectiveness of malaria diagnosis by means of direct observation of centrifuged blood with that by conventional examination of Giemsa stained blood-films in a malaria clinic in Ethiopia. A commercially available, modified hematological apparatus (the QBC tube) was used for centrifugation. Red blood cells infected with diverse stages of Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax are lighter than noninfected cells and somewhat heavier than granulocytes; thus they can readily be detected by direct inspection of UV-illuminated tubes. About 10% of infections diagnosed by direct centrifugal microscopy in a clinical setting were not detected by conventional examination of stained thick films. Diagnosis by direct centrifugation appears to be at least 8 times as sensitive as conventional microscopy when applied to serially diluted samples of malaria-infected blood. Superior sensitivity, together with the one step, solid state nature of the direct centrifugal procedure, provides important advantages for malaria diagnosis.
Impact Damage Resistance and Tolerance of Honeycomb Core Sandwich Panels (2008)

The damage resistance and tolerance of flat [(0/45),/core/(45/0), ] sandwich plates with honeycomb core subjected to low-velocity impacts using hemispherical steel impactors has been investigated experimentally. The effects of impactor diameter on the impact behavior, resulting impact damage states, and residual strength under in-plane compressive loading was of particular interest. The impact responses characterized in terms of peak impact force was observed to be dependent on the facesheet type, core thickness, and impactor size, but was found to be independent of the boundary support conditions. The smaller impactor produced damage states characterized by residual dent depths that were comparable to the core thickness, accompanied by visible facesheet fractures. The larger diameter impactor produced damage states with large core damage regions but with dent depths less than the facesheet thickness. Under in-plane compressive loading, depending on the impact damage state, contrasting failure mechanisms involving net-section fracture and buckling failure were observed. A reduction in compressive strength up to 60% of the undamaged strength has been observed.
Process Development for Reactive-Ion Etching of Molybdenum Disulfide (MoS2) Utilizing a Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) Etch Mask (2017)

Abstract : Previously we have relied on a carbon tetraflouride (CF4) + oxygen (O2) reactive-ion etching recipe (15 sccm CF4, 5 sccm O2, and 200 W) to etch molybdenum disulfide (MoS2). To define locations to be etched, the common electron beam lithography resist poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is used. However, we have observed that this process can leave a significant amount of PMMA residue on the substrate surface if the PMMA removal process is not aggressive enough. Additionally, this CF4 + O2 process etches silicon dioxide, which is typically used as both the substrate and back-gate dielectric of our 2-D field effect transistors. The PMMA residue tends to form a flap at the edge of the etched region instead of the PMMA particulate matter commonly reported in the 2-D literature. This report details the experiments performed to determine the source of the PMMA residue and the reasoning for switching to a chlorine O2 process with a secondary, pure O2 step. This process development should be of use to others fabricating devices with 2-D materials or those using PMMA during reactive-ion etching.
Serodiagnosis and epidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis in Turkey. (1998)

Infantile Mediterranean visceral leishmaniasis (IVL) and anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) have long been known to exist in the western and southeastern Turkey, respectively. To further study these and other related diseases, a recombinant antigen (rK39) specific to VL was used in an ELISA for serodiagnosis of selected patients and for screening dog reservoir populations in several endemic sites. Among 24 confirmed VL cases from western Turkey, the rK39 ELISA proved to be more sensitive than a combination of cultivation and microscopy of bone marrow aspirates. The specificity of rK39 for leishmaniasis was demonstrated by its lack of cross-reactivity with sera from other human diseases in the same sites. Interestingly, six of the 83 parasitologically proven ACL cases from southeast Turkey were also rK39 positive. The end point titers of the positive VL and CL cases vary from 10(-2) to 10(-5) and from 10(-2) to 10(-3), respectively. The rK39 ELISA was also used to screen 494 apparently healthy dogs from Urfa in southeast Turkey, Manisa/Alasehir near the Aegean Sea, and Karabuk near the Black Sea. Eighteen rK39-positive cases (3.6%), all from the latter two areas, were found to have varying endpoint titers (10(-2)-10(-4)). The high titers predicted increased severity and frequency of the clinical symptoms (i.e., lymphadenopathy, depilation, skin lesion, weight loss and/or death), which were manifested subsequently in 16 of these 18 cases. In addition, more positive canine cases were diagnosed by the rK39 ELISA preclinically than the procedures to detect parasites postsymptomatically in the lymph node aspirates. The use of the rK39 ELISA as a sensitive tool makes it possible to demonstrate coendemicity of canine and human VL, as expected in the case of IVL. The results also point to the possible presence of additional VL types in western Turkey and cutanovisceral type in the southeast part of this country.
<title>Portable holographic neural system for distortion-invariant pattern recognition and tracking in controlled environment</title> (1992)

We present a novel neuro-optic system for ATR based on an advanced holographic technique. This system has a spatially recorded high density holographic matrix which works in conjunction with a 2-D spatial light modulator to perform highly parallel inter-pixel operations. Because of the high degree of parallel processing necessary for real-time performance and the need for high interconnectivity and large memory capacity, an optical neural network approach to ATR fulfills more than the basic requirements for an ATR system and has the potential to outperform, or at a minimum supplement, an electronic neural network approach. Our neural network is based on inter-pattern association model and interconnection network is implemented using N<SUP>4</SUP> hologram recording. In this paper, computer simulation as well as optical implementation of the neural network is presented. Computer simulations is used to implement neural network with 64 X 64 neurons for rotation invariance and weak scale invariance in a controlled environment. For the optical implementation we used 32 X 32 fully interconnected neural network to test noise robustness.
Work in Progress - Interactive multimedia contents and synchronous graphical communication tools for distance learning in Engineering Degrees (2006)

The curricula design in distance universities has been influenced by the fast development of communications, and Web based learning has become generalized. Typical contents are based on hypertext, with communication models between students and lecturers being based on e-mail, text-based forums, and text-based chats. These tools alone do not seem to be good enough for engineering distance education, where formulae and graphics are necessary. Therefore, a new LCMS (learning content management system) is presented in this paper. Contents are based on Web guides, short videos and e-labs or simulators, and graphical communication (synchronous and asynchronous) is possible, by means of e-boards and videoconference Web (e-classroom)
Comparative Anatomy of the Meniscofemoral Ligament in Humans and some Domestic Mammals (2007)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the presence, position and relative sizes of the meniscofemoral ligaments (MFL) in three quadrupeds and humans and relate these to the caudal slope of the lateral tibial plateau. Canine, ovine and equine stifles and human knees were dissected to identify the presence of MFLs, their obliquity in relation to the caudal cruciate ligaments (CCL), the relative size and shape of the MFLs compared with the CCL, the points of femoral attachment of the MFLs and CCL, and the distance between the MFLs and CCL at their midpoints. The lateral tibial condyle was divided sagittally with a handsaw and the caudal slope was measured. An MFL was present in all quadrupeds. It was caudal to the CCL, being analogous to the human posterior MFL. There was no structure analogous to the human anterior MFL, a structure that has a different femoral attachment from the human posterior MFL and MFLs in other species examined. The meniscotibial attachments were of varying sizes. The size ratio between the MFL and CCL was greater in all three quadrupeds than it was in the human knee. The MFL lies more obliquely than the CCL in all species examined. The caudal tibial slope was steeper in the quadrupeds. In the stifle joints of quadrupeds, the MFL is a substantial structure and appears to be related to the caudal tibial slope. It is known to resist caudal translation of the tibia in conjunction with the lateral meniscus. This must be borne in mind when considering its function in the human knee.
High-Responsivity Mid-Infrared Graphene Detectors with Antenna-Enhanced Photocarrier Generation and Collection (2014)

ABSTRACT: Graphene is an attractive photoconductive material for optical detection due to its broad absorption spectrum and ultrashort response time. However, it remains a great challenge to achieve high responsivity in graphene detectors because of graphene’s weak optical absorption (only 2.3 % in the monolayer graphene sheet) and short photocarrier lifetime (&amp;lt;1 ps). Here we show that metallic antenna structures can be designed to simultaneously improve both light absorption and photocarrier collection in graphene detectors. The coupled antennas concentrate free space light into the nanoscale deep-subwavelength antenna gaps, where the graphene light interaction is greatly enhanced as a result of the ultrahigh electric field intensity inside the gap. Meanwhile, the metallic antennas are designed to serve as electrodes that collect the generated photocarriers very efficiently. We also elucidate the mechanism of photoconductive gain in the graphene detectors and demonstrate mid-infrared (mid-IR) antenna-assisted graphene detectors at room temperature with more than 200 times enhancement of responsivity (∼0.4 V/W at λ0 = 4.45 μm) compared to devices without antennas (&amp;lt;2 mV/W).
SAVE: an algorithm for smoothed adaptive video over explicit rate networks (1998)

Supporting compressed video efficiently on networks is a challenge because of its burstiness. Although a large number of applications using compressed video allow adaptive rates, it is also important to preserve quality as much as possible. We propose a smoothing and rate adaptation algorithm for compressed video, called SAVE, that is used in conjunction, with explicit rate based control in the network. SAVE smooths the demand from the source to the network, thus helping achieve good multiplexing gains. SAVE maintains the quality of the video and ensures that the delay at the source buffer does not exceed a bound. We show that SAVE is effective by demonstrating its performance across 28 different traces (entertainment and teleconferencing videos) that use different compression algorithms.
Improving Bilingual Projections via Sparse Covariance Matrices (2011)

Mapping documents into an interlingual representation can help bridge the language barrier of cross-lingual corpora. Many existing approaches are based on word co-occurrences extracted from aligned training data, represented as a covariance matrix. In theory, such a covariance matrix should represent semantic equivalence, and should be highly sparse. Unfortunately, the presence of noise leads to dense covariance matrices which in turn leads to suboptimal document representations. In this paper, we explore techniques to recover the desired sparsity in covariance matrices in two ways. First, we explore word association measures and bilingual dictionaries to weigh the word pairs. Later, we explore different selection strategies to remove the noisy pairs based on the association scores. Our experimental results on the task of aligning comparable documents shows the efficacy of sparse covariance matrices on two data sets from two different language pairs. 1
Longitudinal and Lateral Dynamics Evaluation of an Anti-Lock Braking System for Trail Snowmobiles (2017)

Anti-lock braking systems are one of the most important safety systems for wheeled vehicles. They reduce the braking distance and, most importantly, help the user maintain controllability and steerability of the vehicle. This paper extends and adapts the concept of Anti-lock braking systems to tracked vehicles, specifically to snowmobiles. Snowmobiles are an interesting development platform for two main reasons: 1) track dynamics, despite being analogous to tire dynamics, present important differences that help understanding the features of the control algorithm and 2) snowmobiles are simple and rugged vehicles with a limited set of sensors, making the design of an effective control system challenging. The paper designs a track-deceleration based ABS algorithm and tests it both in straight riding and cornering. The analysis shows that, on snowmobiles, Anti-lock braking systems have negligible advantages in term of stopping distance, but are beneficial in terms of steerability and stability, during cornering.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Clusterin Mediates TGF-β–Induced Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition and Metastasis via Twist1 in Prostate Cancer Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 38K, PC-3 cells were transfected with 0.5 mug/mL of the CLU-Luc -1,998/+254, 0.5 mug/mL of the indicated expression plasmid, and 0.05 mug/mL of pRL-TK. The luciferase activity of CLU-Luc -1,998/+254 with mock plasmid (Myc-Flag) was set as 1. Boxes, mean; bars, �s.d. *P &lt; 0.05 (compared with mock). Whole-cell extracts were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and western blot analysis with specified antibodies&lt;/p&gt;
Beam-induced damage on diffractive hard X-ray optics (2010)

The issue of beam-induced damage on diffractive hard X-ray optics is addressed. For this purpose a systematic study on the radiation damage induced by a high-power X-ray beam is carried out in both ambient and inert atmospheres. Diffraction gratings fabricated by three different techniques are considered: electroplated Au gratings both with and without the polymer mold, and Ir-coated Si gratings. The beam-induced damage is monitored by X-ray diffraction and evaluated using scanning electron microscopy.