gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Study of Photoinitiated Radical Copolymerization and Sequences of Acrylate-Vinyl Ether Systems (2009)

Acrylate-vinyl ether copolymerization was analyzed by real-time FTIR, 1H and 13C NMR, confirmed that vinyl ethers were readily polymerized with acrylates in radical mechanism. Polymerization process of each monomer was monitored independently by real-time FTIR. While acrylate conversion was close to 100 %, vinyl ether conversion decreased as vinyl ether fraction in formulation increased. Conversion and copolymer compositions were determined by 1H NMR. It was found that any continuous vinyl ether sequences was not produced as a result of sequence analysis by 13C NMR as well as real time FTIR kinetics. 13C NMR study also indicated that propagating acrylic terminal was more reactive with vinyl ether monomer, than with acrylate.
Up‐regulation of P‐glycoprotein by HIV protease inhibitors in a human brain microvessel endothelial cell line (2008)

A major concern regarding the chronic administration of antiretroviral drugs is the potential for induction of drug efflux transporter expression (i.e., P-glycoprotein, P-gp) at tissue sites that can significantly affect drug distribution and treatment efficacy. Previous data have shown that the inductive effect of human immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitors (PIs) is mediated through the human orphan nuclear receptor, steroid xenobiotic receptor (SXR or hPXR). The objectives of this study were to investigate transport and inductive properties on efflux drug transporters of two PIs, atazanavir and ritonavir, at the blood-brain barrier by using a human brain microvessel endothelial cell line, hCMEC/D3. Transport properties of PIs by the drug efflux transporters P-gp and multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1) were assessed by measuring the cellular uptake of (3)H-atazanavir or (3)H-ritonavir in P-gp and MRP1 overexpressing cells as well as hCMEC/D3. Whereas the P-gp inhibitor, PSC833, increased atazanavir and ritonavir accumulation in hCMEC/D3 cells by 2-fold, the MRP inhibitor MK571 had no effect. P-gp, MRP1, and hPXR expression and localization were examined by Western blot analysis and immunogold cytochemistry at the electron microscope level. Treatment of hCMEC/D3 cells for 72 hr with rifampin or SR12813 (two well-established hPXR ligands) or PIs (atazanavir or ritonavir) resulted in an increase in P-gp expression by 1.8-, 6-, and 2-fold, respectively, with no effect observed for MRP1 expression. In hCMEC/D3 cells, cellular accumulation of these PIs appears to be primarily limited by P-gp efflux activity. Long-term exposure of atazanavir or ritonavir to brain microvessel endothelium may result in further limitations in brain drug permeability as a result of the up-regulation of P-gp expression and function.
LUT-Less Sensorless Control of Synchronous Reluctance Machines Using the Locus of Incremental Saliency Ratio Tracking (LIST) (2021)

This article deals with the lookup table (LUT) less sensorless control of synchronous reluctance (SyR) machines at zero and low speeds, where LUT-less stands for avoiding the use of flux-map LUTs or other predetermined machine parameters. The new signal-injection-based control scheme called the locus of incremental saliency ratio tracking is presented, where a pulsating high-frequency voltage component is used for position tracking and a second rotating signal-injection is dedicated to online estimating the incremental saliency ratio. A trajectory of constant incremental saliency ratio is used for torque regulation, resulting in stable control at all operating conditions, including overload. This despite the effect of cross-saturation, which is known to introduce position error and harm the control stability progressively with the load. The proposed scheme is validated experimentally on a 1.1-kW SyR machine test bench. Alternative LUT-less torque control laws are investigated, and their stability limits put in evidence using convergence analysis and experiments.
METHOD OF C2 H4 DETECTION IN HUMID ATMOSPHERES USING A NANOPARTICULAR SnO2 GAS SENSOR (2002)

International audience
Emerging Cellular Therapies for Cancer (2018)

Genetically engineered T cells are powerful new medicines, offering hope for curative responses in patients with cancer. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells were recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration and are poised to enter the practice of medicine for leukemia and lymphoma, demonstrating that engineered immune cells can serve as a powerful new class of cancer therapeutics. The emergence of synthetic biology approaches for cellular engineering provides a broadly expanded set of tools for programming immune cells for enhanced function. Advances in T cell engineering, genetic editing, the selection of optimal lymphocytes, and cell manufacturing have the potential to broaden T cell-based therapies and foster new applications beyond oncology, in infectious diseases, organ transplantation, and autoimmunity.
703. Development of RD-MolPack-trLNGFR/dCK.DM.S74E Stable Packaging Cells (2016)

The efficacy of several clinical approaches of adoptive T cell therapy (ACT) can be compromised by the insurgence of severe unfavorable events as graft-versus host disease (GvHD) secondary to bone marrow transplantation unless ex-vivo manipulation endow transplantable T cells with safety system. Introduction of drug-induced suicide genes, as for example the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-TK) transgene in T cells during bone marrow transplantation for leukemia and lymphoma treatment, represents a valid approach to control gene-modified cell proliferation and survival overtime. Transplanted modified cells are selectively deleted in vivo by specific activation of an otherwise inactive prodrug in those cells. Despite the well-documented utility of this approach, some limitations arose in terms of poor prodrug activation kinetics, escape from drug selection and immunological rejection.Engineered variants targeting the active site of the human deoxyCytidine Kinase (dCK) suicide enzyme were described as a powerful alternative to current strategies being able to activate a large variety of nucleoside analogue-based prodrugs, having low immunogenicity and permitting in vivo imaging of genetically modified cells. Lentiviral vector (LV)-mediated delivery of the triple mutant dCK.R104M.D133A.S74E (dCK.DM.S74E) fused to the truncated low density nerve growth factor receptor (LNGFR) selection marker renders human cells highly sensitive to the prodrugs bromovinyl-deoxyuridine (brivudine or BVdU), l-deoxythymidine (LdT), and l-deoxyuridine (LdU) via induction of apoptosis. MolMed has developed the proprietary RD-MolPack technology for the stable production of both second and third generation LVs, pseudotyped with the RD114-TR envelope that, in contrast to inducible systems based on VSV-G envelope, permits the generation of a simple, constitutive, no-toxic LV packaging system. We thus exploited the RD-MolPack technology to obtain several colonies of RD-MolPack-trLNGFR/dCK.DM.S74E producer cells by stable transfection of a SIN transfer vector plasmid carrying the trLNGFR/dCK.DM.S74E transgene followed by zeocin selection. The average titer calculated on CEM A3.01 target cells of several colonies is 1.9 × 105 ± 8.15 × 104 TU/106 cells/day, in line with the previous results obtained with the previously established RD2-MolPack-Chim3 and RD3-MolPack-GFP producer cells. These preliminary data suggest that the human suicide gene trLNGFR/dCK.DM.S74E can be constitutively produced in LV stable packaging cells without toxicity and its use can be therefore considered a valid option in the scenario of prodrug convertase enzymes.
The heat shock transcription factor Hsf1 is downregulated in DNA damage–associated senescence, contributing to the maintenance of senescence phenotype (2012)

Heat shock response (HSR) that protects cells from proteotoxic stresses is downregulated in aging, as well as upon replicative senescence of cells in culture. Here we demonstrate that HSR is suppressed in fibroblasts from the patients with segmental progerioid Werner Syndrome, which undergo premature senescence. Similar suppression of HSR was seen in normal fibroblasts, which underwent senescence in response to DNA damaging treatments. The major DNA-damage-induced signaling (DDS) pathways p53-p21 and p38-NF-kB-SASP contributed to the HSR suppression. The HSR suppression was associated with inhibition of both activity and transcription of the heat shock transcription factor Hsf1. This inhibition in large part resulted from the downregulation of SIRT1, which in turn was because of decrease in the expression of the translation regulator HuR. Importantly, we uncovered a positive feedback regulation, where suppression of Hsf1 further activates the p38-NF-κB-SASP pathway, which in turn promotes senescence. Overexpression of Hsf1 inhibited the p38-NFκB-SASP pathway and partially relieved senescence. Therefore, downregulation of Hsf1 plays an important role in the development or in the maintenance of DNA damage signaling-induced cell senescence.
Conductivity and power factor enhancement of n-type semiconducting polymers using sodium silica gel dopant (2017)

This work demonstrates the use of sodium silica gel (Na-SG) particles as a reducing agent for n-type conjugated polymers to improve the conductivity and thermoelectric properties. Substantial increase in the electrical conductivity (σ, from 10−7 to 10−3 S/cm in air) was observed in two naphthalenetetracarboxylic diimide solution-processable n-type polymers, one of which was designed and synthesized in our lab. Systematic investigations of electrical conductivity were done by varying the weight percentage of Na-SG in the polymers. Additional evidence for the reduction process was obtained from electron spin resonance spectroscopy and control experiments involving nonreducing silica particles and non-electron-accepting polystyrene. The Seebeck coefficient S of the highest conductivity sample was measured and found to be in agreement with an empirical model. All the electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficients measurements were performed in ambient atmosphere.
Extending the range of useful polymers in non-fullerene acceptor based solar cells using a ternary solvent system (2020)

The world of organic solar cells (OSC) have been taken by storm by the recent developments in non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) with record efficiencies being published in close succession. However, not all polymers that previously performed well in fullerene based devices are suitable for use in a blend with NFAs. This seems to be especially the case for diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) based polymers and currently there is a lack of understanding as to why. In our research we aim to improve on solar cell performance of DPP-NFA blends and elucidate the reason behind their suboptimal performance in order to extend the range of useful polymers in high efficiency (near infra-red absorbing) NFA OSCs. Preliminary results look promising with over 50% EQE improvement using a ternary solvent system which we currently attribute to better packing in the IEICO-4F phase.
Naturally occurring dominant resistance mutations to hepatitis C virus protease and polymerase inhibitors in treatment-naïve patients (2008)

Naturally occurring dominant STAT-C resistance mutations are common in treatment-naïve patients infected with HCV genotype 1. Their influence on treatment outcome should further be characterized to evaluate possible benefits of drug resistance testing for individual tailoring of drug combinations when treatment options are limited due to previous nonresponse to peginterferon and ribavirin.
Degradation of Extracellular β-(1,3)(1,6)- d -Glucan by Botrytis cinerea (1992)

During growth on glucose, Botrytis cinerea produced extracellular beta-(1,3)(1,6)-d-glucan (cinerean), which formed an adhering capsule and slime. After glucose was exhausted from the medium, cinereanase activity increased from <0.4 to 30 U/liter, effecting a striking loss in the viscosity of the culture. Cinerean was cleaved into glucose and gentiobiose. Gentiobiose was then hydrolyzed to glucose. While cinereanase activity was strongest in the culture supernatant, gentiobiase activity was located mainly in the cell wall fraction. The addition of extra glucose or cycloheximide prevented the cinerean degradation caused by an effect on cinereanase formation. Cinerean degradation was accompanied by microconidiation and sclerotium formation. B. cinerea was found to grow on cinerean with the latter as its single carbon and energy source. In this case, cinerean degradation occurred during hyphal growth, and no microconidiation or sclerotium formation was observed. Growth experiments with various carbon sources indicated that cinerean had a positive effect on the formation of cinerean-degrading enzymes.
ChemInform Abstract: Role of the Hydrophobic Moiety of Tumor Promoters. Synthesis and Activity of 9‐Alkylated Benzolactams. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A large quantum-well oscillation of the TMR effect (2002)

Magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) with ultrathin single-crystal electrodes were prepared, and the influence of the quantum-well (QW) states formed in the electrodes on the tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) effect was studied. MTJs with an ultrathin Fe(001) electrode showed oscillations in the conductivity and the TMR ratio in tunnel spectra. MTJs with an ultrathin non-magnetic Cu(001) layer inserted between an Al–O tunnel barrier and a ferromagnetic Co(001) electrode showed an oscillation in the TMR as a function of the Cu-layer thickness. The period of the TMR oscillation coincides with the oscillation period of interlayer exchange coupling in a Co(001)/Cu(001)/Co(001) film, indicating that the TMR oscillation originates from the spin-polarized QW states in Cu(001). The amplitude of the oscillation was so large that even the sign of the TMR ratio alternated.
Perioperative and postoperative risk factors for corneal graft failure (2014)

This study showed a similar graft-survival rate as demonstrated in previous studies. In addition, a number of perioperative and postoperative risk factors were identified in this specific patient population.
Improvements of System-in-Package Integration and Electrical Performance Using BVA Wire Bonding (2017)

In this paper, bond via array (BVA) wirebond is used to achieve compact vertical integration and improve the electrical performance for system in package (SiP). Two techniques are presented. In the first technique, BVA wirebonds are utilized to integrate some passive or active components vertically onto other components. This significantly reduces the horizontal footprint of the entire SiP. In terms of electrical performance, this vertical integration provides much lower parasitic inductance than conventional 2-D horizontal integration design because of shorter interconnection. For example, the proposed technology can significantly reduce power delivery network impedance compared to a conventional design. In the second technique, we propose BVA wirebond wires as an electromagnetic interference (EMI) shield between different domains within SiP. This provides a lower cost solution for EMI shielding, particularly when regions within a package need to be shielded.
Abbreviated text input using language modeling (2006)

We address the problem of improving the efficiency of natural language text input under degraded conditions (for instance, on mobile computing devices or by disabled users), by taking advantage of the informational redundancy in natural language. Previous approaches to this problem have been based on the idea of prediction of the text, but these require the user to take overt action to verify or select the system's predictions. We propose taking advantage of the duality between prediction and compression . We allow the user to enter text in compressed form, in particular, using a simple stipulated abbreviation method that reduces characters by 26.4%, yet is simple enough that it can be learned easily and generated relatively fluently. We decode the abbreviated text using a statistical generative model of abbreviation, with a residual word error rate of 3.3%. The chief component of this model is an n -gram language model. Because the system's operation is completely independent from the user's, the overhead from cognitive task switching and attending to the system's actions online is eliminated, opening up the possibility that the compression-based method can achieve text input efficiency improvements where the prediction-based methods have not. We report the results of a user study evaluating this method.
Localization and Quanification of Incorporated Beta Emitting Radionuclides Using Bremsstrahlung Imaging (2006)

The application of incorporated beta emitting radionuclides in therapeutic nuclear medicine has recently shown extremely high potential both in the treatment of malignant and non-malignant conditions. In order to permit localization as well as quantification simulated skeletal phantom as well plexi glass human skeleton was used for the standardization and acquisition of bremsstrahlung images at various levels of 32P activities ranging from 0.75 mCi (27 MBq) to 2 mCi (74 MBq). The bremsstrahlung images obtained demonstrated good resolution and offers a potentiality in not only lacalization but also understanding the kinetics as well as dosimetry of incorporated beta emitting radionuclides.
Predicting CMA-ES Operators as Inductive Biases for Shape Optimization Problems (2021)

Domain-dependent expertise knowledge and high-level abstractions to arbitrate between different problem domains can be considered to be essential components of how human problem-solvers build experience and reuse it over the course of their lifetime. However, replicating it from an algorithmic point of view is a less trivial endeavor. Existing knowledge transfer methods in optimization largely fail to provide more specific guidance on specifying the similarity of different optimization problems and the nature of complementary experiences formed on them. A more rigorously grounded approach can be found alternatively in metalearning. This notion neglects any hurdles on characterizing problem similarity in favor of focusing instead on methodology to form domain-dependent inductive biases and mechanisms to arbitrate between them. In principle, we proposed within our previous research methods for constructing inductive biases and predict these from procedural optimization data. However, while we obtained effective methodology, it does not allow the joint construction of predictive components and biases in a cohesive manner. We therefore show in our following study, that improved configurations can be derived for the CMA-ES algorithm which can serve as inductive biases, and that predictors can be trained to recall them. Particularly noteworthy, this scenario allows the construction of predictive component and bias iteratively in a joint manner. We demonstrate the efficacy of this approach in a shape optimization scenario, in which the inductive bias is predicted through an operator configuration in a problem-specific manner during run-time.
T1 relaxometry and tissue segmentation of the human brain at 9.4T and 3T using MP2RAGE (2015)

Purpose/Introduction: Accurate and precise determination of T1 values is of central importance in clinical studies and for tissue segmentation based on the myeloarchitecture that transcends T1 [1]. The MP2RAGE sequence is attractive for use at high field since the resulting T1 values are valid across a large range of transmit field inhomogeneities [2]. Here we investigate the use of this technique for whole brain segmentation and T1 relaxometry at 9.4T and compared the results to data obtained 3T. Subjects and Methods: The study was ERB approved and MRI was performed in healthy volunteers (21–56y N = 11) at 9.4T using a 16ch transmit/31ch receive array [3], at 3T a 2ch body transmit coil 32ch receive array. At 9.4T, B1 + mapping with the Actual Flip Angle method [4] and MP2RAGE (TI1/TI2 = 900/3500 ms; FA = 4/6; TR_GRE = 6 ms; TR = 8894 ms, 0.8 mm isotropic voxel size) were performed. The sequence parameters used at 3T were slightly different (TI1/TI2 = 700/2500 ms; FA = 4/5; TR_GRE = 7.7 ms; TR = 5000 ms, 0.8 mm isotropic voxel size). Standard m ethods for automatic brain segmentation in SPM12 based on T1 weighted images or flip angle corrected T1 maps and the IBA SPM tool were employed to define brain areas for analysis. Results: The actual flip angle observed in vivo deviated by 40 and more from the nominal angle so the intrinsic bias correction of the MP2RAGE method failed in brain regions with the highest B1 field. As a consequence, the outcome of brain segmentation deteriorated, leading to mis-classifiation of several grey matter voxels, especially those located in sub cortical areas. Flip angle correction of the MP2RAGE maps acquired at 9.4T substantially improved segmentation and yielded grey matter classification highly similar to the one at 3T (Fig. 1). T1 values extracted in IBA segmented areas showed high consistency across subjects at both field strengths with standard deviations below 3.5 , but showed a greater dynamic range at 9.4T. Discussion/Conclusion: The intrinsic bias correction of MP2RAGE does not suffice to achieve reliable T1 quantification at UHF. Provided transmit field correction is performed, T1 maps with high intersubject consistency is obtained at 9.4T, holding promise for investigation of local myeloarchitectonics in neuroscientific and clinical studies.
Molecular cloning and characterization of the alkaline ceramidase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01 (2003)

Ceramidase (CDase) hydrolyzes the amide bond in ceramides to yield free fatty acid and sphingosine. From a 3-L Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01 culture, 70 Î¼g of extracellular alkaline, Ca2+-dependent CDase, was purified to homogeneity, the N-terminal sequence was determined, and the CDase gene was cloned. The CDase gene encodes a 670 amino acid protein with a 26 amino acid signal peptide. CDase was expressed in five prokaryotic and eukaryotic expression systems. Small amounts of recombinant active extracellular CDase were expressed by Pseudomonas putida KT2440. In Pichia pastoris GS115 low amounts of recombinant extracellular glycosylated CDase were expressed. High levels of intracellular CDase were expressed by Escherichia coli DH5Î± and E. coli BL21 cells under control of the lac-promoter and T7-promoter, respectively. From a 3-L E. coli DH5Î± culture, 280 Î¼g of pure CDase was obtained after a three-step purification protocol. Under control of the T7-promotor CDase, without its signal peptide, was produced in inclusion bodies in E. coli BL21 cells. After refolding, 1.8mg of pure active CDase was obtained from a 2.4-L culture after ammonium sulfate precipitation and gel filtration. Both the recombinant and wild-type CDases have a pH optimum of 8.5. The recombinant enzyme was partially characterized. This is the first report of a high yield CDase production system allowing detailed characterization of the enzyme at the molecular level. Â© 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.