gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Application of a Novel Green and Biocompatible Clay Swelling Inhibitor in Fracturing Fluid Design (2023)

Abstract Clay swelling and dispersion in tight sandstones can have an influence on the formation's mechanical properties and productivity. Hydraulic fracturing is a typical stimulation technique used to increase the production of sandstone formations that are too compact. The interaction of clay in sandstone with a water-based fracturing fluid causes the clays to disperse and swell, which weakens the rock and reduces its productivity. Several swelling inhibitors, including inorganic salts, silicates, and polymers, are regularly added to fracturing fluids. Concerns linked with these additions include a decrease in production owing to formation damage and environmental concerns associated with their disposal. In this study, we introduced naturally existing material as a novel green swelling inhibitor. The performance of the novel green inhibitor was examined by its impact on the mechanical properties of the rock. Acoustic strength and scratch tests were conducted to evaluate rock mechanical parameters such as unconfined compressive strength. Further inhibition potential was evaluated by conducting linear swell and capillary suction timer tests. The contact angle was measured on a sandstone surface for wettability change. The results showed the novel green additive provided strong inhibition to clays. The reduction in linear swelling and rise in capillary suction time showed the inhibition potential and water control potential of the biomaterial. Furthermore, mechanical properties were lower than DI-treated rock sample tested under dry conditions. With all these benefits, using green novel additive makes rock more stable and reduces damage to the formation. The green additive is economical and an environment-friendly solution to clay swelling. It is an effective recipe for reducing the formation damage caused by clay swelling.
Optically defined cavities in driven-dissipative photonic lattices (2021)

The engineering of localised modes in photonic structures is one of the main targets of modern photonics. An efficient strategy to design these modes is to use the interplay of constructive and destructive interference in periodic photonic lattices. This mechanism is at the origin of defect modes in photonic bandgaps, bound states in the continuum and compact localised states in flat bands. Here we show that in lattices of lossy resonators, the addition of external optical drives with controlled phase enlarges the possibilities of manipulating interference effects and allows designing novel types of localised modes. Using a honeycomb lattice of coupled micropillars resonantly driven with several laser spots at energies within its photonic bands we demonstrate the localisation of light in at-will geometries down to a single site. These localised modes can be seen as fully reconfigurable optical cavities with the potentiality of enhancing nonlinear effects and of controlling light-matter interactions with single site resolution.
Pulvinar neuromodulation for seizure monitoring and network modulation in temporal plus epilepsy (2023)

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a promising treatment for drug-refractory epilepsies (DRE) when targeting the anterior nuclei of thalamus (ANT). However, targeting other thalamic nuclei, such as the pulvinar, shows therapeutic promise. Our pioneering case study presents the application of ambulatory seizure monitoring using spectral fingerprinting (12.15-17.15 Hz) recorded through Medtronic Percept DBS implanted bilaterally in the medial pulvinar thalami. This technology offers unprecedented opportunities for real-time monitoring of seizure burden and thalamocortical network modulation for effective seizure reduction in patients with bilateral mesial temporal and temporal plus epilepsies that are not suitable for resection.
Data from Adjuvant Immunotherapy to Improve Outcome in High-Risk Pediatric Sarcomas (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Patients with metastatic or relapsed pediatric sarcomas receive cytotoxic regimens that induce high remission rates associated with profound lymphocyte depletion, but ultimately few survive long term. We administered adjuvant immunotherapy to patients with metastatic and recurrent pediatric sarcomas in an effort to improve outcomes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; Mononuclear cells were collected via apheresis, and tumor lysate was acquired via percutaneous biopsy at enrollment. Participants received standard antineoplastic therapy, followed by autologous lymphocytes, tumor lysate/keyhole limpet hemocyanin–pulsed dendritic cell vaccinations ± recombinant human IL7. Primary outcomes were toxicity and vaccine responses. Secondary outcomes were immune reconstitution, event-free survival, and overall survival (OS).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Forty-three patients enrolled and 29 received immunotherapy. The regimen was well tolerated. Intent-to-treat analysis demonstrated 5-year OS of 51% with significant differences based upon histologic group (63% vs. 0% for Ewing/rhabdomyosarcoma vs. other sarcomas) and response to standard therapy (74% no residual disease vs. 0% residual disease). Five-year intent-to-treat OS of patients with newly diagnosed metastatic Ewing/rhabdomyosarcoma was 77%, higher than previously reported in this population and higher than observed in a similar group treated with an earlier adjuvant immunotherapy regimen (25% 5-year OS). T-cell responses to autologous tumor lysate were identified in 62% of immunotherapy recipients, and survival was higher in those patients (73% 5-year OS with vs. 37% without immune response, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.017). Immune reconstitution, measured by CD4 count recovery, was significantly enhanced in subjects treated with recombinant human IL7.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Adjuvant immunotherapy may improve survival in patients with metastatic pediatric sarcoma. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 22(13); 3182–91. ©2016 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
The deposition ice nucleation and immersion freezing potential of amorphous secondary organic aerosol: Pathways for ice and mixed‐phase cloud formation (2012)

Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) generated from the oxidation of organic gases are ubiquitous in the atmosphere, but their interaction with water vapor and their ice cloud formation potential at low temperatures remains highly uncertain. We report on onset conditions of water uptake and ice nucleation by amorphous SOA particles generated from the oxidation of naphthalene with OH radicals. Water uptake above 230 K was governed by the oxidation level of the SOA particles expressed as oxygen‐to‐carbon (O/C) ratio, followed by moisture‐induced phase transitions and immersion freezing. For temperatures from 200 to 230 K, SOA particles nucleated ice via deposition mode from supersaturated water vapor independent of O/C ratio at relative humidity with respect to ice ( RH ice ) ∼10–15% below homogeneous ice nucleation limits. The glass transition temperature ( T g ) for the amorphous SOA particles was derived as a function of two parameters: (1) relative humidity ( RH ) with respect to water and (2) oxidation level of the SOA. The data show that particle phase and viscosity govern the particles' response to temperature and RH and provide a straightforward interpretation for the observed different heterogeneous ice nucleation pathways and water uptake by the laboratory‐generated SOA and field‐collected particles. Since SOA particles undergo glass transitions, these observations suggest that atmospheric SOA are potentially important for ice cloud formation and climate.
A traffic-aware top-N firewall approximation algorithm (2011)

Packet classification is widely used in various network security and operation applications. Two of the main challenges are the increasing number of classification rules, amount of traffic and network line speed. In this paper, we investigate an approximation algorithm for selecting the top- N most frequently matched subset of rules from the original ruleset. The goal is to obtain Top-N rules that covers as much traffic as possible while preserving the dependency relationships. Through simulations, we show that our approaches the optimal while runs in seconds, allowing online adaptation to changing traffic patterns.
Simultaneous demodulation and slow-light delay of DPSK signals at flexible bit-rates using bandwidth-tunable SBS in optical fibre (2007)

Simultaneous demodulation and slow-light delay of 10-Gb/s and 2.5-Gb/s DPSK signals with excellent performance are demonstrated using bandwidth-tunable SBS in optical fibre. SBS demodulation presents much better delay performance compared with 1-bit-delay demodulation. (2 pages)
Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion: A Perspective on Current Evidence and Clinical Knowledge (2012)

This paper reviews the current published data regarding open transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) in relation to minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MI-TLIF). Introduction. MI-TLIF, a modern method for lumbar interbody arthrodesis, has allowed for a minimally invasive method to treat degenerative spinal pathologies. Currently, there is limited literature that compares TLIF directly to MI-TLIF. Thus, we seek to discuss the current literature on these techniques. Methods. Using a PubMed search, we reviewed recent publications of open and MI-TLIF, dating from 2002 to 2012. We discussed these studies and their findings in this paper, focusing on patient-reported outcomes as well as complications. Results. Data found in 14 articles of the literature was analyzed. Using these reports, we found mean follow-up was 20 months. The mean patient study size was 52. Seven of the articles directly compared outcomes of open TLIF with MI-TLIF, such as mean duration of surgery, length of post-operative stay, blood loss, and complications. Conclusion. Although high-class data comparing these two techniques is lacking, the current evidence supports MI-TLIF with outcomes comparable to that of the traditional, open technique. Further prospective, randomized studies will help to further our understanding of this minimally invasive technique.
A Novel Approach for Ovine Primary Alveolar Epithelial Type II Cell Isolation and Culture from Fresh and Cryopreserved Tissue Obtained from Premature and Juvenile Animals (2016)

The in vivo ovine model provides a clinically relevant platform to study cardiopulmonary mechanisms and treatments of disease; however, a robust ovine primary alveolar epithelial type II (ATII) cell culture model is lacking. The objective of this study was to develop and optimize ovine lung tissue cryopreservation and primary ATII cell culture methodologies for the purposes of dissecting mechanisms at the cellular level to elucidate responses observed in vivo. To address this, we established in vitro submerged and air-liquid interface cultures of primary ovine ATII cells isolated from fresh or cryopreserved lung tissues obtained from mechanically ventilated sheep (128 days gestation-6 months of age). Presence, abundance, and mRNA expression of surfactant proteins was assessed by immunocytochemistry, Western Blot, and quantitative PCR respectively on the day of isolation, and throughout the 7 day cell culture study period. All biomarkers were significantly greater from cells isolated from fresh than cryopreserved tissue, and those cultured in air-liquid interface as compared to submerged culture conditions at all time points. Surfactant protein expression remained in the air-liquid interface culture system while that of cells cultured in the submerged system dissipated over time. Despite differences in biomarker magnitude between cells isolated from fresh and cryopreserved tissue, cells isolated from cryopreserved tissue remained metabolically active and demonstrated a similar response as cells from fresh tissue through 72 hr period of hyperoxia. These data demonstrate a cell culture methodology using fresh or cryopreserved tissue to support study of ovine primary ATII cell function and responses, to support expanded use of biobanked tissues, and to further understanding of mechanisms that contribute to in vivo function of the lung.
Microscopic pKa Values of Escherichia coli Thioredoxin (1997)

Thiol:disulfide oxidoreductases have a CXXC motif within their active sites. To initiate the reduction of a substrate disulfide bond, the thiolate form of the N-terminal cysteine residue (CXXC) of this motif performs a nucleophilic attack. Escherichia coli thioredoxin [Trx (CGPC)] is the best characterized thiol:disulfide oxidoreductase. Previous determinations of the active-site pKa values of Trx have led to conflicting interpretations. Here, 13C-NMR spectroscopy, site-specific isotopic labeling, and site-directed mutagenesis were used to demonstrate that analysis of the titration behavior of wild-type Trx requires the invocation of microscopic pKa values for two interacting active-site residues: Asp26 (7.5 and 9.2) and Cys32 (CXXC; 7.5 and 9.2). By contrast, in two Trx variants, D26N Trx and D26L Trx, Cys32 exhibits a pKa near 7.5 and has a well-defined, single-pKa titration curve. Similarly, in oxidized wild-type Trx, Asp26 has a pKa near 7.5. In CVWC and CWGC Trx, Cys32 exhibits a single pKa near 6.2. In all five enzymes studied here, there is no evidence for a Cys35 (CXXC) pKa of < 11. This study demonstrates that a comprehensive approach must be used to unravel complex titration behavior of the functional groups in a protein.
Novel optical characteristics of a Fabry-Perot resonator with embedded PT-symmetrical grating (2014)

We explore the optical properties of a Fabry-Perot resonator with an embedded Parity-Time (PT) symmetrical grating. This PT-symmetrical grating is non diffractive (transparent) when illuminated from one side and diffracting (Bragg reflection) when illuminated from the other side, thus providing a unidirectional reflective functionality. The incorporated PT-symmetrical grating forms a resonator with two embedded cavities. We analyze the transmission and reflection properties of these new structures through a transfer matrix approach. Depending on the resonator geometry these cavities can interact with different degrees of coherency: fully constructive interaction, partially constructive interaction, partially destructive interaction, and finally their interaction can be completely destructive. A number of very unusual (exotic) nonsymmetrical absorption and amplification behaviors are observed. The proposed structure also exhibits unusual lasing performance. Due to the PT-symmetrical grating, there is no chance of mode hopping; it can lase with only a single longitudinal mode for any distance between the distributed reflectors.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Type of Acyclic Nucleoside Phosphonates Derived from 2‐(Phosphonomethoxy)propanoic Acid. (2012)

Abstract A convenient and efficient synthesis of the potentially active title compounds is developed from the suitable compounds (I).
Capturing and Inferring Dense Full-Body Human-Scene Contact (2022)

Inferring human-scene contact (HSC) is the first step toward understanding how humans interact with their surroundings. While detecting 2D human-object interaction (HOI) and reconstructing 3D human pose and shape (HPS) have enjoyed significant progress, reasoning about 3D human-scene contact from a single image is still challenging. Existing HSC detection methods consider only a few types of predefined contact, often reduce the body and scene to a small number of primitives, and even overlook image evidence. To predict human-scene contact from a single image, we address the limitations above from both data and algorithmic perspectives. We capture a new dataset called RICH for “Real scenes, Interaction, Contact and Humans.” RICH contains multiview outdoor/indoor video sequences at 4K resolution, ground-truth 3D human bodies captured using markerless motion capture, 3D body scans, and high resolution 3D scene scans. A key feature of RICH is that it also contains accurate vertex-level contact labels on the body. Using RICH, we train a network that predicts dense body-scene contacts from a single RGB image. Our key insight is that regions in contact are always occluded so the network needs the ability to explore the whole image for evidence. We use a transformer to learn such non-local relationships and propose a new Body-Scene contact TRansfOrmer (BSTRO). Very few methods explore 3D contact; those that do focus on the feet only, detect foot contact as a post-processing step, or infer contact from body pose without looking at the scene. To our knowledge, BSTRO is the first method to directly estimate 3D body-scene contact from a single image. We demonstrate that BSTRO significantly outperforms the prior art. Our code and dataset are available for research purposes at: https://rich.is.tue.mpg.de.
Aerobic aromatization of 1,3,5-triarylpyrazolines in open air and without catalyst (2015)

A convenient method for aerobic aromatization of 1,3,5-triarylpyrazolines to the corresponding pyrazoles by simply heating in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in an open atmosphere without catalyst is reported.
Modified Ion Source for the Improved Collisional Activation of Protein Complexes (2023)

The analysis of large molecules is challenging, as they often have salts and adducts retained through the electrospray process, which increase the observed mass and compromise the achievable mass resolution. Mild collisional activation has been shown to be very effective for the removal of adducts and increases both measurement accuracy and mass resolution of large (>100 kDa) protein complexes. Collisionally activated protein ions are more completely desolvated due to the increased number of collisions when trapped following activation. A short square quadrupole maintained at 300 mTorr by a mechanical pump was added between the ion funnel and transmission quadrupole. This configuration and operation effectively removed adducts from the 800 kDa tetradecamer GroEL as well as fragmented smaller protein complexes like C-reactive protein. Due to the gas high pressure, ions of low size-to-charge ratio, such as those in charge reducing buffers, had low ejection efficiency. We show that segmenting the quadrupole rods greatly improves signal intensity for charge reduced GroEL D398A mutant compared to nonsegmented rods when operating at high pressure.
Vergleichende Genexpressionsanalyse von Kolitis assoziierten gegenüber sporadischen kolorektalen Karzinomen in experimentellen Mausmodellen (2008)

Das kolorektale Karzinom (CRC) ist eine bösartige Erkrankung, die sporadisch auftritt oder als Komplikation Chronisch Entzündlicher Darmerkrankungen (CED). Neben Gemeinsamkeiten bieten CED assoziierte im Vergleich zu sporadischen CRC zahlreiche Unterschiede, z.B. wachsen CED assoziierte CRC in der Darmschleimhaut oft flach und zeitig invasiv, sporadische CRC hingegen zunächst meist polypoid. Weil die molekularen Mechanismen, die für die ungleiche Entwicklung von CED assoziierten vs. sporadischen CRC verantwortlich zeichnen, unvollständig geklärt sind, haben wir das Gen-Expressionsprofil beider Tumorentitäten in geeigneten Mausmodellen vergleichend untersucht.
Solving the paradox of the inconsistent size dependence of thermal stability at device and chip-level in perpendicular STT-MRAM (2015)

Current understanding of thermal stability of perpendicular STT-MRAM based on device-level data suggests that the thermal stability factor A is almost independent of device diameter above ~30nm. Here we report that contrary to this conventional wisdom, chip-level data retention exhibits substantial size dependence for diameters between 55 and 100 nm. We show that the method widely used to measure A is inaccurate for devices larger than ~30 nm, leading to significant underestimation of the size dependence. We derive an improved model, allowing us to reconcile the size dependence of A measured at device and chip level.
A Bio-inspired approach to controlled crystallization at the nanoscale (2005)

Nature produces a wide variety of exquisite mineralized tissues fulfilling diverse functions, often from simple inorganic salts. Organisms exercise a level of molecular control over the physico-chemical properties of inorganic crystals that is unparalleled in today's technology. This reflects directly or indirectly the controlling activity of biological organic surfaces that are involved in the formation of these materials. Biological materials are intrinsically nanoscale. Biomineralization occurs within specific nanoenvironments, which implies stimulation of crystal formation at certain interfacial sites and relative inhibition of the process at all other sites. Our approach to artificial crystallization is based on the combination of the two latter concepts — i.e., the use of organized organic surfaces patterned with specific initiation domains on a nanoscale to study and orchestrate the crystallization process. This bio-inspired engineering effort made it possible to achieve a remarkable level of control over various aspects of the crystal nucleation and growth, including the precise localization of particles, nucleation density, crystal sizes, morphology, crystallographic orientation, arbitrary shapes, nanostructure, stability, and architecture. The ability to construct large, defect-free, patterned single crystals with controlled nanoporosity; periodic arrays of uniform, oriented nanocrystals; or films presenting patterns of nanocrystals offers a new, bio-inspired nanotechnology route to materials engineering.
Large-scale nanorobotic factory automation based on the NanoWalker technology (2002)

The emerging fields of nanosciences and nanoengineering will provide the ability to work at the molecular level to create larger structures with new molecular organization. This understanding and control over the fundamental building blocks of all physical entities will lead to new emerging opportunities in factory automation. Although research in this field is very active, little has been done toward increasing the throughput rate, a factor that will be critically important in future nanofactories. An approach for the implementation of scaleable and high-throughput nanofactories based on a fleet of miniature autonomous robots capable of operations at the atomic-scale is described.