gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rapid release of cytoplasmic IL‐15 from tumor‐associated macrophages is an initial and critical event in IL‐12‐initiated tumor regression (2009)

This study reveals that the IL-15 rapidly released into serum upon IL-12 injection into tumor-bearing mice is critical for the subsequent leukocytic infiltration of the tumor and tumor-bearing tissue. The increase in serum IL-15 occurs within 2 h after IL-12 injection concomitantly with a decrease in cytoplasmic IL-15 in tumor-associated Mphi (TAM). Injection of anti-IL-15 one hour prior to IL-12 abrogates subsequent leukocytic infiltration into the tumor and prevents the IL-12-induced reduction of primary tumor mass and the clearance of metastases. Administration of anti-IL-15 18 h after IL-12 did not have a detectable impact on IL-12-induced leukocytic infiltration of the tumor. Deletion of NK cells had no impact on the IL-12-induced change in the functional phenotype of TAM or on the subsequent initiation of leukocytic infiltration of the tumor. In concert with our previous studies demonstrating that IL-12 reduces tumor-supportive activities of TAM, the current study supports the hypothesis that functional re-programming of TAM not only undermines Mphi support for tumor growth but also contributes to a critical step in the initiation of anti-tumor immune responses. In this context, the functional plasticity and pro-immunogenic potential of TAM may constitute a significant and unappreciated target in existing cytokine therapies.
Method of manufacturing aluminide sheet by thermomechanical processing of aluminide powders (2023)

A powder metallurgical process of preparing a sheet from a powder having an intermetallic alloy composition such as an iron, nickel or titanium aluminide. The sheet can be manufactured into electrical resistance heating elements having improved room temperature ductility, electrical resistivity, cyclic fatigue resistance, high temperature oxidation resistance, low and high temperature strength, and/or resistance to high temperature sagging. The iron aluminide has an entirely ferritic microstructure which is free of austenite and can include, in weight %, 4 to 32% Al, and optional additions such as .ltoreq.1% Cr, .gtoreq.0.05% Zr.ltoreq.2% Ti, .ltoreq.2% Mo, .ltoreq.1% Ni, .ltoreq.0.75% C, .ltoreq.0.1% B, .ltoreq.1% submicron oxide particles and/or electrically insulating or electrically conductive covalent ceramic particles, .ltoreq.1% rare earth metal, and/or .ltoreq.3% Cu. The process includes forming a non-densified metal sheet by consolidating a powder having an intermetallic alloy composition such as by roll compaction, tape casting or plasma spraying, forming a cold rolled sheet by cold rolling the non-densified metal sheet so as to increase the density and reduce the thickness thereof and annealing the cold rolled sheet. The powder can be a water, polymer or gas atomized powder which is subjecting to sieving and/or blending with a binder prior to the consolidation step. After the consolidation step, the sheet can be partially sintered. The cold rolling and/or annealing steps can be repeated to achieve the desired sheet thickness and properties. The annealing can be carried out in a vacuum furnace with a vacuum or inert atmosphere. During final annealing, the cold rolled sheet recrystallizes to an average grain size of about 10 to 30 .mu.m. Final stress relief annealing can be carried out in the B2 phase temperature range.
Azepinone-Containing Tetrapeptide Analogues of Melanotropin Lead to Selective hMC4R Agonists and hMC5R Antagonist (2014)

To address the need for highly potent, metabolically stable, and selective agonists, antagonists, and inverse agonists at the melanocortin receptor subtypes, conformationally constrained indolo- and benzazepinone residues were inserted into the α-MSH pharmacophore, His(6)-Phe(7)-Arg(8)-Trp(9)-domain. Replacement of His(6) by an aminoindoloazepinone (Aia) or aminobenzazepinone (Aba) moiety led to hMC4R and hMC5R selective agonist and antagonist ligands, respectively (tetrapeptides 1 to 3 and 4, respectively). In peptides 1 to 3 and depending on the para-substituent of the d-Phe residue in position 2, the activity goes from allosteric partial agonism (1, R = H) to allosteric full agonism (2, R = F) and finally allosteric partial agonism (3, R = Br).
Towards an integrated reasoner for bearings prognostics (2005)

This paper describes an architecture and elements for an integrated prognostic bearings reasoner. The goal of the reasoner is to arrive at a reliable measure of damage accumulation, quantify its confidence, and aid in the assessment of remaining life. The reasoning integrates inflight and post-flight functions. During flight, the tasks are primarily diagnostic and assess damage in real time using input from a plurality of sources, both sensor-based and model-based. The damage assessment is further refined after conclusion of the flight with full-order models and additional information from historical failure data, operational data, and inspection data. Load profiles from future missions are used to calculate the damage propagation which will allow the reasoner to assess remaining life. This paper lays out the overall process and then focus in more detail on the in-flight reasoner. The operation of the architecture is demonstrated for bearing prognosis via an illustrative example.
III-antimonide/nitride based semiconductors for optoelectronic materials and device studies : LDRD 26518 final report. (2003)

The goal of this LDRD was to investigate III-antimonide/nitride based materials for unique semiconductor properties and applications. Previous to this study, lack of basic information concerning these alloys restricted their use in semiconductor devices. Long wavelength emission on GaAs substrates is of critical importance to telecommunication applications for cost reduction and integration into microsystems. Currently InGaAsN, on a GaAs substrate, is being commercially pursued for the important 1.3 micrometer dispersion minima of silica-glass optical fiber; due, in large part, to previous research at Sandia National Laboratories. However, InGaAsN has not shown great promise for 1.55 micrometer emission which is the low-loss window of single mode optical fiber used in transatlantic fiber. Other important applications for the antimonide/nitride based materials include the base junction of an HBT to reduce the operating voltage which is important for wireless communication links, and for improving the efficiency of a multijunction solar cell. We have undertaken the first comprehensive theoretical, experimental and device study of this material with promising results. Theoretical modeling has identified GaAsSbN to be a similar or potentially superior candidate to InGaAsN for long wavelength emission on GaAs. We have confirmed these predictions by producing emission out to 1.66 micrometers and have achieved edge emitting and VCSEL electroluminescence at 1.3 micrometers. We have also done the first study of the transport properties of this material including mobility, electron/hole mass, and exciton reduced mass. This study has increased the understanding of the III-antimonide/nitride materials enough to warrant consideration for all of the target device applications.
Expanded Multiplexing on Sensor-Constrained Microfluidic Partitioning Systems (2022)

Abstract Microfluidics can split samples into thousands or millions of partitions such as droplets or nanowells. Partitions capture analytes according to a Poisson distribution, and in diagnostics, the analyte concentration is commonly calculated with a closed-form solution via maximum likelihood estimation (MLE). Here, we present a generalization of MLE with microfluidics, an extension of our previously developed Sparse Poisson Recovery (SPoRe) algorithm, and an in vitro demonstration with droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) of the new capabilities that SPoRe enables. Many applications such as infection diagnostics require sensitive detection and broad-range multiplexing. Digital PCR coupled with conventional target-specific sensors yields the former but is constrained in multiplexing by the number of available measurement channels (e.g., fluorescence). In our demonstration, we circumvent these limitations by broadly amplifying bacteria with 16S ddPCR and assigning barcodes to nine pathogen genera using only five nonspecific probes. Moreover, we measure only two probes at a time in multiple groups of droplets given our two-channel ddPCR system. Although individual droplets are ambiguous in their bacterial content, our results show that the concentrations of bacteria in the sample can be uniquely recovered given the pooled distribution of partition measurements from all groups. We ultimately achieve stable quantification down to approximately 200 total copies of the 16S gene per sample, enabling a suite of clinical applications given a robust upstream microbial DNA extraction procedure. We develop new theory that generalizes the application of this framework to a broad class of realistic sensors and applications, and we prove scaling rules for system design to achieve further expanded multiplexing. This flexibility means that the core principles and capabilities demonstrated here can generalize to most biosensing applications with microfluidic partitioning.
Modeling molecular weight distribution in emulsion polymerization reactions with transfer to polymer (2001)

Abstract A mathematical model was developed for the computation of the dynamic evolution of molecular weight distributions (MWDs) during nonlinear emulsion polymerization reactions. To allow the direct computation of the whole MWD, an adaptive orthogonal collocation technique was applied. The model was validated with experimental methyl methacrylate/butylacrylate (BuA) semicontinuous and vinyl acrylate (VA)/Veova10 continuous emulsion polymerization results. Both systems considered introduce significant chain‐transfer reactions to polymer chains as a result of the presence of BuA and VA, respectively. The model developed was able to represent quite properly the kinetics and MWD of polymer samples during emulsion polymerizations. © 2001 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 39: 3513–3528, 2001
Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Is a Key Mediator in the Regulation of ExperimentalTrypanosoma bruceiInfections (1999)

In order to evaluate during experimental Trypanosoma brucei infections the potential role of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) in the host-parasite interrelationship, C57BL/6 TNF-alpha knockout mice (TNF-alpha-/-) as well as C57BL/6 wild-type mice were infected with pleomorphic T. brucei AnTat 1.1 E parasites. In the TNF-alpha-/- mice, the peak levels of parasitemia were strongly increased compared to the peak levels recorded in wild-type mice. The increased parasite burden did not reflect differences in clearance efficacy or in production of T. brucei-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG antibodies. Trypanosome-mediated immunopathological features, such as lymph node-associated immunosuppression and lipopolysaccharide hypersensitivity, were found to be greatly reduced in infected TNF-alpha-/- mice. These results demonstrate that, during trypanosome infections, TNF-alpha is a key mediator involved in both parasitemia control and infection-associated pathology.
Sistema de accionamiento de una cadena de arrastre (2011)

Sistema de accionamiento de una cadena de arrastre,
que comprende: una cadena (8) que incluye eslabones
(A, B, C, D) unidos por articulaciones (1, 2, 3, 4, 5); una
rueda (6) que incluye medios de engranaje con las articulaciones
(1, 2, 3, 4, 5), distribuidos de forma uniforme en
la periferia de la rueda (6) y medios de guia aptos para
forzar la trayectoria de las articulaciones (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) a
lo largo de una curva de tal manera que cuando la rueda
(6) gira a velocidad angular constante la cadena (8) avanza
con velocidad lineal constante en al menos una de las
dos zonas lineales de ida o de vuelta en las que no esta
engranada con la rueda (6).
New security definitions for biometric authentication with template protection: Toward covering more threats against authentication systems (2013)

Abstract: Existing studies on the security of biometric authentication with template protection have considered the adversaries who obtain only protected templates. Since biometric authentication systems transmit data other than the protected templates, we need to consider how to secure biometric authentication systems against adversaries with those data. In this paper, we propose a classification of adversaries in biomet-ric authentication with template protection into the following three types in accor-dance with their knowledge: (1) protected template data, (2) data transmitted during authentication, and (3) both types of data. We also propose a new security metric unforgeability, which provides authentication security against attacks by adversaries impersonating someone else on authentication systems even when they cannot obtain the biometric information of a claimant. We then give security definitions against each type of adversary we classified. We also propose a biometric authentication scheme with template protection that is irreversible against all types of adversaries. 1
Ferroelectric Ceramics: Local Distortions in Nanostructured Ferroelectric Ceramics through Strain Tuning (Adv. Electron. Mater. 10/2015) (2015)

In article number 1500190 Catherine Elissalde and co-workers successfully obtain nanostructured ferroelectric ceramics (grain size < 20 nm) using the unique combination of fast and low temperature processes including supercritical fluid synthesis and spark plasma sintering in air under high pressure. The stress generated at the nanograin scale can be controlled and used to tune the ferroelectric properties, thus opening new insights towards passive component integration.
Anion exchange membranes derived from nafion precursor for the alkaline fuel cell: Effect of cation type on properties (2012)

Abstract Highly stable hydroxide conducting membranes are necessary for solid‐state alkaline fuel cells to have long performance lifetimes. In this study, we used solid‐state chemistry to synthesize Nafion‐based anion exchange membranes (AEMs) with a variety of covalently attached cations, including trimethylammonium, trimethylphosphonium, piperazinium, pyrrolidinium, pyridinium, and quaternized 1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane. Infrared spectroscopy confirms a partial asymmetric functionalization of all cations with the exception of pyridinium. The AEMs that were successfully synthesized all exhibited sufficient water uptake and conductivity. The effect of cation type on AEM chemical and thermal stability was investigated as a function of various conditions (e.g., hydration levels, temperature, and pH). High chemical and thermal stability was observed for all successfully synthesized AEMs with the exception of the trimethylphosphonium cation AEM. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
DNA Aptamers that Bind to PQQGDH as an Electrochemical Labeling Tool (2009)

Abstract We screened DNA aptamers that bind to pyrroquinoline quinone glucose dehydrogenase (PQQGDH) for the development of an electrochemical labeling tool. PQQGDH is an excellent enzyme for the signal amplification of biosensors. We focused on DNA aptamers as labeling agents and tried to select those DNA aptamers that bind to PQQGDH without affecting its enzymatic activity. After 7 rounds of screening, one aptamer was obtained: ‘PGa4’. It bound to PQQGDH with specificity and showed no effect on the glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) activity. Moreover, beads labeled with PQQGDH via PGa4 generated an electrical current upon glucose addition. Therefore, we believe that the PGa4 aptamer against PQQGDH may become a powerful labeling tool for electrochemical biosensors.
Topological behavior mimicking ethylene–hexene copolymers using branched lactones and macrolactones (2014)

A highly effective and facile technique for ring-opening copolymerization of lactones with macrolactone towards polyolefin-like materials is presented.
Biomarker vaccines (2009)

A biomarker is a diagnostic indicator of a medical condition – a sign that provides a physician or healthcare specialist with the critical information needed to diagnose, monitor, prognosticate and/or treat a disease or other condition of biological or medical interest (1). Organisms and their maladies are exceedingly complex, but biomarkers, by representing faithfully the underlying reality, allow the physician to reduce the complexity of disease and thereby deal with it. A biomarker is a small bit of information that stands in for the enormous and unattainable facts of biological existence. Fever, for example, serves and has served patients, shamans, and other healthcare practitioners as a useful biomarker for thousands of years before Western medical science discovered the immune system, pathogens, cytokines and all the rest; fever is a faithful biomarker because it is a simple, measurable outcome of the enormous complexity of known and unknown factors that generate it. Healthcare would just not be possible without biomarkers.
Thermal analysis of materials (1994)

The thermal analysis of materials encompasses a variety of methods used to detect changes in material properties as a function of temperature. Before temperature measurement became routine in all stages of metal and ceramic processing, early metallurgists relied on the color and brightness of hot metal, and glassmakers used viscosity for guidance. Nowadays, techniques of differential thermal analysis (DTA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) routinely yield heat capacities, temperatures, and enthalpies of phase transformations in the temperature range from −150 to 1500 °C. The measurement of any physical property as a function of temperature brings the method into the realm of thermal analysis. This Special Issue provides a sampling of the current use, diversity, and ongoing developments of techniques and approaches in the thermal analysis of materials. It combines contributions solicited by editors that reflect their scientific interests and networks, with generally related submissions received over two years. It contains 16 articles and 1 short review submitted by authors from 10 countries.
Stratified analysis of 800 Asian patients after robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy with a median 64 months of follow up (2016)

Herein we report the largest robot-assisted radical prostatectomy series from Asia. Robot-assisted radical prostatectomy is confirmed to be an oncologically safe procedure that is able to provide effective 5-year cancer control, even in patients with high-risk disease.
Fundamental Radiative Processes in Near-Zero-Index Media of Various Dimensionalities (2020)

Spontaneous emission, stimulated emission and absorption are the three fundamental radiative processes describing light–matter interactions. Here, we theoretically study the behavior of these fundamental processes inside an unbounded medium exhibiting a vanishingly small refractive index, i.e., a near-zero-index (NZI) host medium. We present a generalized framework to study these processes and find that the spatial dimension of the NZI medium has profound effects on the nature of the fundamental radiative processes. Our formalism highlights the role of the number of available optical modes as well as the ability of an emitter to couple to these modes as a function of the dimension and the class of NZI media. We demonstrate that the fundamental radiative processes are inhibited in 3D homogeneous lossless zero-index materials but may be strongly enhanced in a zero-index medium of reduced dimensionality. Our findings have implications in thermal, nonlinear, and quantum optics as well as in designing quantum metamaterials at optical or microwave frequencies.
Low Thermal Boundary Resistance Interfaces for GaN-on-Diamond Devices (2018)

The development of GaN-on-diamond devices holds much promise for the creation of high-power density electronics. Inherent to the growth of these devices, a dielectric layer is placed between the GaN and diamond, which can contribute significantly to the overall thermal resistance of the structure. In this work, we explore the role of different interfaces in contributing to the thermal resistance of the interface of GaN/diamond layers, specifically using 5 nm layers of AlN, SiN, or no interlayer at all. Using time-domain thermoreflectance along with electron energy loss spectroscopy, we were able to determine that a SiN interfacial layer provided the lowest thermal boundary resistance (<10 m<sup>2</sup>K/GW) because of the formation of an Si-C-N layer at the interface. The AlN and no interlayer samples were observed to have TBRs greater than 20 m<sup>2</sup>K/GW as a result of a harsh growth environment that roughened the interface (enhancing phonon scattering) when the GaN was not properly protected.
Monitoring and Control of Radial Xenon Oscillation in PWRs by a Three-Radial-Offset Concept (2007)

Abstract A new concept is presented for monitoring and control of radial xenon oscillation in PWRs. This concept is based on a similar concept which has been developed and verified in domestic PWR plants for axial xenon oscillation control. It utilizes not only axial offset or core tilt of power distributions but also uses information of power distributions inversely calculated from the current iodine and xenon concentrations in respective core regions. Based on this concept, the operators are provided with the information of the timing, the amount of steps and the direction of control rod operation from a trajectory on the monitor display. Xenon oscillation can be eliminated by guiding the plot to the origin of the trajectory on the monitor display. KEYWORDS: xenon oscillationmonitoringradial power tiltstabilityoscillation period
Capsular glucan and intracellular glycogen of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: biosynthesis and impact on the persistence in mice (2008)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other pathogenic mycobacterial species produce large amounts of a glycogen-like alpha-glucan that represents the major polysaccharide of their outermost capsular layer. To determine the role of the surface-exposed glucan in the physiology and virulence of these bacteria, orthologues of the glg genes involved in the biosynthesis of glycogen in Escherichia coli were identified in M. tuberculosis H37Rv and inactivated by allelic replacement. Biochemical analyses of the mutants and complemented strains indicated that the synthesis of glucan and glycogen involves the alpha-1,4-glucosyltransferases Rv3032 and GlgA (Rv1212c), the ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase GlgC (Rv1213) and the branching enzyme GlgB (Rv1326c). Disruption of glgC reduced by half the glucan and glycogen contents of M. tuberculosis, whereas the inactivation of glgA and Rv3032 affected the production of capsular glucan and glycogen, respectively. Attempts to disrupt Rv3032 in the glgA mutant were unsuccessful, suggesting that a functional copy of at least one of the two alpha-1,4-glucosyltransferases is required for growth. Importantly, the glgA mutant was impaired in its ability to persist in mice, suggesting a role for the capsular glucan in the persistence phase of infection. Unexpectedly, GlgB was found to be an essential enzyme.
Microwave cavity resonators using hard X-ray lithography (2005)

The performance of high-Q cavity resonators at microwave frequency using the LIGA micro-fabrication process is investigated. This technique enables the formation of deep-cavity structures with highly vertical and optically smooth sidewalls, leading to potentially high Q. The simulations show promising Q improvement, as compared to silicon structures using micromachining and wafer stacking, especially at higher frequencies. The feasibility of obtaining such cavities with hard X-ray lithography (XRL) is demonstrated. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 47: 353–357, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21168