gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PEDIATRIC CERVICAL SPINE INJURIES IN A REGIONALIZED TRAUMA SYSTEM (1991)

Mason, J. D. MD, FAAP; Moulton, S. MD; Lynch, F. MD; Peterson, B. MD; Kitchen, L. RN; Copeland, B. MD Author Information
Photocatalytic Property and Electronic Structure of Triple‐Layered Perovskite Tantalates, MCa2Ta3O10 (M: Cs, Na, H, and C6H13NH3). (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Developing Non-European Translation Pairs in a Medium-Vocabulary Medical Speech Translation System (2008)

We describe recent work on MedSLT, a medium-vocabulary interlingua-based medical speech translation system, focussing on issues that arise when handling languages of which the grammar engineer has little or no knowledge. We describe how we can systematically create and maintain multiple forms of grammars, lexica and interlingual representations, with some versions being used by language informants, and some by grammar engineers. In particular, we describe the advantages of structuring the interlingua definition as a simple semantic grammar, which includes a human-readable surface form. We show how this allows us to rationalise the process of evaluating translations between languages lacking common speakers. The grammar-based interlingua definition can also be used in other ways. We describe two applications: a simple generic tool for debugging to-interlingua translation rules, and a method for improving speech understanding performance by rescoring N-best speech hypothesis lists. Examples presented focus on the concrete case of translation between Japanese and Arabic in both directions. 1.
Handover Protocol Based on Estimated Received Signal Strength for Target Beam in Beam Division Cellular Communication Systems (2013)

In this paper, we propose a cellular communication system in which base station (BS) uses smart antenna technology. In the system, BS can form multiple beams toward multiple mobile stations (MS) at the same time to serve those MS simultaneously. To support mobility, handover is the most important function. However, in this system, received pilot signal strength of neighbor BS changes according to the direction of the beam. Therefore, we cannot determine handover to the neighbor BS based on only the received pilot signal strength of the neighbor BS. To solve this problem, we propose an optimal handover scheme in which MS handovers directly from the serving beam of the serving BS to target beam of the target BS. However, this handover scheme requires much scanning time. It leads to much longer handover delay which may cause handover failure. Thus, we propose a new suboptimal handover scheme in which handover decision is made based on estimated received signal strength of target beams. Through analysis and simulation results, we show that the proposed suboptimal handover scheme could improve the outage probability performance of the system and require smaller scanning time.
Integrated sensing and communication in an optical fibre (2023)

The integration of high-speed optical communication and distributed sensing could bring intelligent functionalities to ubiquitous optical fibre networks, such as urban structure imaging, ocean seismic detection, and safety monitoring of underground embedded pipelines. This work demonstrates a scheme of integrated sensing and communication in an optical fibre (ISAC-OF) using the same wavelength channel for simultaneous data transmission and distributed vibration sensing. The scheme not only extends the intelligent functionality for optical fibre communication system, but also improves its transmission performance. A periodic linear frequency modulation (LFM) light is generated to act as the optical carrier and sensing probe in PAM4 signal transmission and phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry (Φ-OTDR), respectively. After a 24.5 km fibre transmission, the forward PAM4 signal and the carrier-correspondence Rayleigh backscattering signal are detected and demodulated. Experimental results show that the integrated solution achieves better transmission performance (~1.3 dB improvement) and a larger launching power (7 dB enhancement) at a 56 Gbit/s bit rate compared to a conventional PAM4 signal transmission. Meanwhile, a 4 m spatial resolution, 4.32-nε/[Formula: see text] strain resolution, and over 21 kHz frequency response for the vibration sensing are obtained. The proposed solution offers a new path to further explore the potential of existing or future fibre-optic networks by the convergence of data transmission and status sensing. In addition, such a scheme of using shared spectrum in communication and distributed optical fibre sensing may be used to measure non-linear parameters in coherent optical communications, offering possible benefits for data transmission.
Advances in the evaluation and treatment of electrical and thermal injury emergencies (2002)

Advances in the evaluation and treatment of electrical and thermal injuries suggest that the mechanism of injury in electrical trauma is more complex than once thought. Thermal and nonthermal tissue damage can cause extensive destruction which may result in amputation rates as high as 65 percent for accident survivors. This paper discusses the terminology around electrical trauma and reviews current understanding of the mechanisms of injury when an employee is exposed to electrical hazards. Building on the classical analysis of electrical arc blast burns, the use of burn models as predictors of injury is considered. Finally, electrical injury concepts and their implications for treatment in the emergency and hospital settings are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Polymerization of -Caprolactone by Neodymium Alkoxides Prepared In Situ (2001)

The synthesis of lanthanide(III) alkoxides has been described as a series of reactions for which the control of product purity is difficult. The possibility of using amide complexes, in the presence of alcohol, to produce alkoxides was investigated in homogeneous and heterogeneous media. The polymerization of ε-caprolactone with alkoxides formed in situ was performed with and without excess alcohol. The latter system was efficient since the polymers were obtained in a short time period, with a well-controlled molecular weight and low polydispersity. The alcohol functionalized all the polymer chains.
Annual Plant Reviews Volume 41 Plant Polysaccharides: Biosynthesis and Bioengineering (2010)

The volume focuses on the evolution of the many families of genes whose products are required to make a particular kind of polysaccharide bringing attention to the specific biochemical properties of the proteins to the level of kinds of sugar linkages they make.
An experimental study of surface quality and dimensional accuracy for selective inhibition of sintering (2004)

Selective inhibition of sintering (SIS) is a new rapid prototyping method that builds parts in a layer‐by‐layer fabrication basis. SIS works by joining powder particles through sintering in the part's body, and by sintering inhibition of some selected powder areas. In this research, statistical tools were applied to improve some important properties of the parts fabricated by the SIS process. An investigation of surface quality and dimensional accuracy was conducted using response surface methodology and through analysis of the experimental results, the impact of the factors on them was modeled. After developing a desirability function model, process operating conditions for maximum desirability are identified. Finally, the desirability model is validated.
Wear analysis of pin and roller surfaces (2019)

In this paper three different combinations were evaluated: (i) steel pin vs steel roller, (ii) steel pin vs tungsten disulfide (WS2) coated roller and (iii) PVD pin vs steel roller. The aim of this paper is to properly quantify the topographical variations of the pin/roller surfaces and asses the appropriateness of the measuring technique before and after the tribological tests primarily performed for friction reduction. In-house tribometer was used to test the friction/wear performance of the three different combinations. Surface topographies were measured by white light interferometer (3D) and mechanical stylus (2D). To enable fast relocation on the stylus and interferometer, a 3D printed mask was used. Regarding the pins, Sa, Sk and Svk have been found to follow the wear changes: the lowest wear change for the combination (ii) and highest for the combination (i) but less for the combination (iii). Regarding the changes of Ra on the pin locations where edge contact occurs, the largest changes were found to be for combination (i), followed by combination (ii) and (iii). Ra and Rk change less significantly for the roller surfaces. Good correlations among the friction, initial/final roughness and radial displacements were also found.
Connector impedance and frequency modes in aerospace wiring systems (2016)

ABSTRACT This article represents an investigation of connector effects on signal integrity and propagation in aerospace wiring systems–including quantitative data of potential changes in characteristic impedance. It is determined that changes in wire bundling, connector plugmap configurations, shell damage, and other factors impact signal propagation. Wire bundling arrange‐ ment can cause changes greater than ± 60 Ω on a 152 Ω linefurther causing reflection and transmission variation throughout the system. Changing connector configurations were found to cause initial signal reflections from 4 to 76% and total reflection of 0.05‐0.14%, where unshielded wires were found to have greater variation and reflection than shielded wires. The effects of frequency and connector length were also analyzed in order to minimize total internal reflection at connector interfaces. Shell damage can cause reflection up to 0.01, or 1%. Measurements of aerospace connector systems produced reflections &lt;1.5%. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 59:89–93, 2017
A 2.5-3.125-Gb/s quad transceiver with second-order analog DLL-based CDRs (2005)

This paper describes a 2.5-3.125-Gb/s quad transceiver with second-order analog delay-locked loop (DLL)-based clock and data recovery (CDR) circuits. A phase-locked loop (PLL) is shared between receive (RX) and transmit (TX) chains. On each RX channel, an amplifier with user-programmable input equalization precedes the CDR. Retimed data then goes to an 1:8/1:10 deserializer. On the TX side, parallel data is serialized into a high-speed bitstream with an 8:1/10:1 multiplexer. The serial data is introduced off-chip through a high-speed CML buffer having single-tap pre-emphasis. Proposed DLL-based CDR can tolerate large frequency offsets with no jitter tolerance degradation due to its second-order PLL-like nature. Also, this study introduces an improved charge-pump and an improved phase-interpolator. Fabricated in a 0.15-/spl mu/m CMOS process, the 1.9-mm/sup 2/ transceiver front-end operates from a single 1.2-V supply and consumes 65-mW/channel of which 32 mW is due to the CDR. CDR jitter generation and high-frequency jitter tolerance are 5.9 ps-rms and 0.5 UI, respectively, for 3.125 Gb/s, 2/sup 23/-1 PRBS input data with 800-ppm frequency offset.
Aβ42 pentamers/hexamers are the smallest detectable oligomers in solution (2017)

Amyloid β (Aβ) oligomers may play a decisive role in Alzheimer's disease related neurodegeneration, but their structural properties are poorly understood. In this report, sedimentation velocity centrifugation, small angle neutron scattering (SANS) and molecular modelling were used to identify the small oligomeric species formed by the 42 amino acid residue long isoform of Aβ (Aβ42) in solution, characterized by a sedimentation coefficient of 2.56 S, and a radius of gyration between 2 and 4 nm. The measured sedimentation coefficient is in close agreement with the sedimentation coefficient calculated for Aβ42 hexamers using MD simulations at µM concentration. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report detailing the Aβ42 oligomeric species by SANS measurements. Our results demonstrate that the smallest detectable species in solution are penta- to hexamers. No evidences for the presence of dimers, trimers or tetramers were found, although the existence of those Aβ42 oligomers at measurable quantities had been reported frequently.
Attenuated release of biologically active luteinizing hormone in healthy aging men. (1988)

To examine the biological quality and physiologically pulsatile mode of endogenous luteinizing hormone release in active, healthy aging men, we used the rat interstitial-cell testosterone in vitro bioassay to probe LH bioactivity in response to (a) endogenous gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) action (basal pulsatile bioactive LH secretion); (b) exogenous GnRH stimulation (10 micrograms IV pulses); and (c) inhibition of endogenous estrogen negative feedback (treatment with a nonsteroidal antiestrogen, tamoxifen). Basally, some healthy older men exhibited evidence of neuroendocrine dysfunction, reflected by irregular bursts of bioactive LH release followed by transiently low plasma bio:immuno (B:I) LH ratios. However, mean basal plasma bioactive LH concentrations, B:I ratios, and spontaneous LH pulse properties (peak frequency, amplitude, duration, and enhanced B:I ratios within LH peaks) were not altered in older men. On the other hand, augmentation of bioactive LH secretion and enhancement of plasma B:I ratios by pulsed injections of exogenous GnRH were either significantly reduced or absent in older men. In addition, although tamoxifen increased bioactive LH pulse frequency in both age groups and facilitated exogenous GnRH action in some subjects, older men increased their 12-h mean bioactive LH concentrations, B:I ratios, and bioactive LH peak amplitudes to a significantly lesser degree than young men. In summary, young and older healthy men exhibit similar mean basal plasma bioactive LH concentrations and spontaneous LH pulse properties. However, pituitary bioactive LH reserve is markedly attenuated in older men challenged with either exogenous GnRH or antiestrogen. Accordingly, we conclude that healthy aging men manifest an impaired secretory reserve for biologically active LH release.
Relative resistance of HIV-1 founder viruses to control by interferon-alpha (2013)

The establishment of systemic HIV-1 infection by relatively IFNα-resistant founder viruses lends strong support to the hypothesis that IFNα plays an important role in the control of HIV-1 replication during the earliest stages of infection, prior to systemic viral spread. These findings suggest that it may be possible to harness the antiviral activity of type 1 IFNs in prophylactic and potentially also therapeutic strategies to combat HIV-1 infection.
Power allocation in asynchronous location-aware sensor networks (2016)

Wireless localization systems based on determination of signal runtime (TOA/TDOA) are of great importance for a variety of applications. In many cases, synchronization of the clocks of the agent nodes to those of the network nodes (anchors) has to be performed together with the localization. The current paper investigates the fundamental accuracy limits of such a joint localization/synchronization. In particular we analyze the impact of allocating power to the different anchor nodes, and optimize this power allocation to maximize accuracy. Simulation results confirm the importance of proper power allocation; known special cases (TDOA localization, localization with already-synchronized clocks) are recovered from our general solution.
Brain death and ethical issues (2018)

Brainstem Death (BSD) is defined as the complete loss of brain function, including involuntary activity necessary to sustain life. Currently, BSD is used as an indicator of legal death in many countries, but it is defined inconsistently. The diagnosis of BSD implies that the evidence of the complete and irreversible cessation of brainstem and cerebral function, including the capacity for respiratory, brainstem, and vegetative activities, but substantial variation persists in the diagnostic criteria among different centers and countries. The aim of this chapter is to review and discuss the criteria, including clinical examination, instrumental tests, as well as ethical considerations of BSD, highlighting the challenges that the clinicians have to face in the management and diagnosis of BSD.
TeraMIMO: A Channel Simulator for Wideband Ultra-Massive MIMO Terahertz\n Communications (2021)

Following recent advances in terahertz (THz) technology, there is a consensus\non the crucial role of THz communications in the next generation of wireless\nsystems. Aiming at catalyzing THz communications research, we propose TeraMIMO,\nan accurate stochastic MATLAB simulator of statistical THz channels. We\nsimulate ultra-massive multiple-input multiple-output antenna configurations as\ncritical infrastructure enablers that overcome the limitation in THz\ncommunications distances. We consider both line-of-sight and multipath\ncomponents and propose frequency- and delay-domain implementations for single-\nand multi-carrier paradigms in both time-invariant and time-variant scenarios.\nWe implement exhaustive molecular absorption computations based on radiative\ntransfer theory alongside alternative sub-THz approximations. We further model\nTHz-specific constraints, including wideband beam split effects, spherical wave\npropagation, and misalignment fading. We verify TeraMIMO by analogy with\nmeasurement-based channel models in the literature and ergodic capacity\nanalysis. We introduce a graphical user interface and a guide for using\nTeraMIMO in THz channel generation and analyses.\n
Touched and Moved by STAT3 (2006)

STAT3, a member of the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) family of transcription factors, is a known regulator of cell motility through its transcriptional activating functions. However, new evidence suggests a novel role for non-tyrosine-phosphorylated and cytoplasmically localized STAT3 in mediating cell migration by disrupting an interaction between microtubules and one of its partners, stathmin. The association of STAT3 with stathmin potentiates microtubule polymerization and cell movement.
Statistical image reconstruction in PET with compensation for missing data (1997)

We present the results of combining volume imaging with the PENN-PET scanner with statistical image reconstruction methods such as the penalized weighted least squares (PWLS) method. The goal of this particular combination is to improve both classification and estimation tasks in PET imaging protocols where image quality is dominated by spatially-variant system responses and/or measurement statistics. The PENN-PET scanner has strongly spatially-varying system behavior due to its volume imaging design and the presence of detector gaps. Statistical methods are easily adapted to this scanner geometry, including the detector gaps, and have also been shown to have improved bias/variance trade-offs compared to the standard filtered-backprojection (FBP) reconstruction method. The PWLS method requires fewer iterations and may be more tolerant of errors in the system model than other statistical methods. We present results demonstrating the improvement in image quality for PWLS image reconstructions of data from the PENN-PET scanner.
Theory and Experimental Realization of Negative Refraction in a Metallic Helix Array (2010)

We developed a theory to compute and interpret the photonic band structure of a periodic array of metallic helices. Interesting features of the band structure include longitudinal and circularly polarized eigenmodes and wide polarization gap. The helical symmetry also implies unusual features such as negative group velocity bands at both sides of the polarization gap and band crossings pinned at the zone boundary. A direct proof of negative refraction via a chiral route is achieved for the first time by measuring the spatial beam shift through a slab of the three-dimensional helices.
In-Depth Profile of Electrical Property of InAs Epitaxial Layer Grown on Semi-Insulating GaAs by Low-Pressure Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition (1993)

Indium arsenide layers of various thicknesses were grown on semi-insulating GaAs by low-pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) using trimethylindium (TMIn) and tertiarybutylarsine (TBAs) as precursors. On the assumption that properties of the underlying grown layer do not change during growth of the upper layer, the in-depth profile of the electrical property of the epitaxial layer was obtained by the differential Hall effect. It was proved that the uppermost layer, 1.8 µm from the interface, has an electron mobility of 61300 cm 2 /V·s and a carrier concentration of 2.1×10 16 cm -3 (the average mobility of 29800 cm 2 /V·s and average carrier concentration of 1.8×10 16 cm -3 ) at 80 K.
The effect of the CFRP properties on the fatigue strengthening of steel plates in multiaxial loading (2018)

Employing advanced material such as Carbon-fiber-reinforced-polymer (CFRP) in tension fatigue strengthening of aged bridges shows a great capability of arresting or delaying the crack propagation in steel structures. Extending the current knowledge of the CFRP strengthening to the case of the multiaxial cyclic loading will broaden its application in Civil Engineering. The aim of this paper is to investigate the fatigue behavior of the CFRP strengthening of central-cracked steel plates subjected to the combined action of tensile (mode-I) and shear (mode-II) loading with a focus on the effect of the CFRP properties. The key parameters in this study are the mixed-mode ratio (crack angle), the crack length ratio (crack length to the plate width), patching configurations, and mechanical properties of the composite material. A comparative study was conducted on steel plates strengthened with different composite properties (thickness, Young’s modulus) and types (plates vs. sheets).
Additional file 8: of EventPointer: an effective identification of alternative splicing events using junction arrays (2016)

Supplementary methods. Detection and classification of events. (DOCX 63Â kb)
Exploiting Feature and Class Relationships in Video Categorization with Regularized Deep Neural Networks (2017)

In this paper, we study the challenging problem of categorizing videos according to high-level semantics such as the existence of a particular human action or a complex event. Although extensive efforts have been devoted in recent years, most existing works combined multiple video features using simple fusion strategies and neglected the utilization of inter-class semantic relationships. This paper proposes a novel unified framework that jointly exploits the feature relationships and the class relationships for improved categorization performance. Specifically, these two types of relationships are estimated and utilized by imposing regularizations in the learning process of a deep neural network (DNN). Through arming the DNN with better capability of harnessing both the feature and the class relationships, the proposed regularized DNN (rDNN) is more suitable for modeling video semantics. We show that rDNN produces better performance over several state-of-the-art approaches. Competitive results are reported on the well-known Hollywood2 and Columbia Consumer Video benchmarks. In addition, to stimulate future research on large scale video categorization, we collect and release a new benchmark dataset, called FCVID, which contains 91,223 Internet videos and 239 manually annotated categories.