gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The feasibility of degradable glass microspheres as transient embolic medical devices (2020)

The deliberate occlusion of blood flow through transarterial embolization is currently being used to treat conditions ranging from hemorrhages to hypervascular tumors. Degradable, imageable high borate glass microspheres (BRS2) were developed and tested to improve lesion targeting and promote a temporary vascular occlusion which is sufficient for most embolization procedure. A 48 hour pilot study, in a swine renal model, was conducted to assess the embolization effectiveness and potential risks of this new embolic agent. Bilateral embolization of the caudal branch of the renal arteries using test and control particles were performed in 4 pigs. Embolization efficacy, recanalization and resulting ischemia were evaluated at different time frame (0, 24 and 48 hours). The primary outcomes for this study were the assessment of: (i) embolization effectiveness, and (ii) vessel recanalization. The test article was found to occlude vessels as effectively as the control microspheres, with the use of a smaller volume of microspheres. At the 24 hour time point, over 95% of the material was found to be completely degraded, although little to no recanalization was observed. This data suggests that BRS2 is an effective embolic agent, however further investigations into the method of delivery are required prior to clinical implementation.
Effects of Wideband Scheduling and Radio Resource Assignment in OFDMA Radio Access for LTE-Advanced Downlink (2009)

This paper presents the effects of applying channel-dependent dynamic scheduling and transport block (TB) assignment that take advantage of a wider transmission bandwidth than that for a component carrier (CC) in OFDMA radio access for the LTE-Advanced downlink At the 3GPP RAN WG1 meeting, independent resource block (RB) assignment of one TB within one CC was adopted. However, gains in dynamic scheduling and TB assignment over a transmission bandwidth wider than that for a CC have not yet been sufficiently investigated, and these are crucial in obtaining target insight which is to be achieved by alternative techniques according to the adopted CC based TB assignment. Hence, we investigate the cell throughput and cell-edge user throughput gains for the three types of channel-dependent dynamic scheduling and TB assignment: TB assignment and dynamic scheduling within one CC, TB assignment within one CC and dynamic scheduling over multiple CCs, and TB assignment and dynamic scheduling over multiple CCs. Then, based on system-level simulation results, we present the comprehensive insights assuming the current working assumption for LTE-Advanced.
mRNA Expression of Lysyl Oxidase and Matrix Metalloproteinase-12 in Mouse Skin (2008)

Elastic fibers in the dermis play an important role in skin elasticity. The desmosine crosslinking structure constructed of lysyl oxidase (LOX) in elastic fibers contributes to elasticity, while elastic fibers are primarily degraded by one of the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), MMP-12. We investigated the gender differences and diurnal variation of these enzymes. Gender-based differences in LOX mRNA expression were detected, and were significantly lower in females. In contrast, higher MMP-12 mRNA expression was observed in the light period, suggesting that elastic fibers might be degraded in the light rather than the dark period.
Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Orally Active Benzimidazoles and Benzoxazoles as Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (2007)

Inhibition of the VEGF signaling pathway has become a valuable approach in the treatment of cancers. Guided by X-ray crystallography and molecular modeling, a series of 2-aminobenzimidazoles and 2-aminobenzoxazoles were identified as potent inhibitors of VEGFR-2 (KDR) in both enzymatic and HUVEC cellular proliferation assays. In this report we describe the synthesis and structure-activity relationship of a series of 2-aminobenzimidazoles and benzoxazoles, culminating in the identification of benzoxazole 22 as a potent and selective VEGFR-2 inhibitor displaying a good pharmacokinetic profile. Compound 22 demonstrated efficacy in both the murine matrigel model for vascular permeability (79% inhibition observed at 100 mg/kg) and the rat corneal angiogenesis model (ED(50) = 16.3 mg/kg).
Dynamics and Fluidity of Amyloid Fibrils:  A Model of Fibrous Protein Aggregates (2002)

A previous experimentally defined model for the fibril formed from the core residues of the beta-amyloid (Abeta) peptides of Alzheimer's disease, 10YEVHHQKLVFFAEDVGSNKGAIIGLM, Abeta(10-35) using spectroscopic and scattering analyses reports on the average structure, benefiting immensely from the homogeneous assembly of Abeta(10-35). However, the energetic constraints that contribute to fibril dynamics and stability remain poorly understood. Here we perform molecular dynamics simulations to extend the structural assignment by providing evidence for a dynamic average ensemble with transient backbone H-bonds and internal solvation contributing to the inherent stability of amyloid fibrils.
A new generation of optical systems with φ-polynomial surfaces (2010)

Recent advances have made it viable to fabricate optical surfaces that are not rotationally symmetric using a new generation of diamond-turning machines. These surfaces can greatly extend the field of view of optical systems and provide compact solutions. Through the use of optimization and analysis methods that track aberration content throughout the field of view, two non-rotationally symmetric designs that provide a compact mirror based geometry with a 10 degree full field of view are presented and compared. It is shown that a &phi;-polynomial surface provides superior optical performance to an anamorphic asphere because the surface can be made comatic.
TRANSGENIC NONHUMAN MAMMALSPRODUCING FIBRINOGEN IN MILKANDMETHODS OF PRODUCING FIBRIN (2008)

A transgenic, non-human mammalian animal is capable of expressing a heterologous gene for human or other recombinant physiologically functional fibrinogen holoprotein or individual subunit chain polypeptides thereofora modified or fusion fibrinogen in mammary glands of the animals and secreting the expressed product into a body fluid. Methodol ogy employing such a mammal yields recombinant physiologically functional fibrinogens, subunit chain polypeptides thereof, and modified or fusion fibrinogens.
Chromatic Illumination Discrimination Ability Reveals that Human Colour Constancy Is Optimised for Blue Daylight Illuminations (2014)

The phenomenon of colour constancy in human visual perception keeps surface colours constant, despite changes in their reflected light due to changing illumination. Although colour constancy has evolved under a constrained subset of illuminations, it is unknown whether its underlying mechanisms, thought to involve multiple components from retina to cortex, are optimised for particular environmental variations. Here we demonstrate a new method for investigating colour constancy using illumination matching in real scenes which, unlike previous methods using surface matching and simulated scenes, allows testing of multiple, real illuminations. We use real scenes consisting of solid familiar or unfamiliar objects against uniform or variegated backgrounds and compare discrimination performance for typical illuminations from the daylight chromaticity locus (approximately blue-yellow) and atypical spectra from an orthogonal locus (approximately red-green, at correlated colour temperature 6700 K), all produced in real time by a 10-channel LED illuminator. We find that discrimination of illumination changes is poorer along the daylight locus than the atypical locus, and is poorest particularly for bluer illumination changes, demonstrating conversely that surface colour constancy is best for blue daylight illuminations. Illumination discrimination is also enhanced, and therefore colour constancy diminished, for uniform backgrounds, irrespective of the object type. These results are not explained by statistical properties of the scene signal changes at the retinal level. We conclude that high-level mechanisms of colour constancy are biased for the blue daylight illuminations and variegated backgrounds to which the human visual system has typically been exposed.
Impact of physical effects onto the optimal signal power in CWDM optical networks (2008)

Nowadays in optical networks there is a trend to extend the maximum transmission distance. Several technical solutions are known but the simplest one is to increase the signal power in the optical fiber. However, the nonlinear behavior of the optical fiber limits the signal power e.g. the span of the all-optical network. This paper presents an analytical model and calculation results for the signal quality degradation in an 8-channel and an 18-channel, 2.5 Gbps coarse wavelength-division- multiplexing (CWDM) system. Based on the proposed model and performed analysis we give the optimal value of the signal power at the transmitter point.
Ricin Detection Using Phage Displayed Single Domain Antibodies (2009)

Phage-displayed single domain antibodies (sdAb) were compared to monomeric solubly expressed sdAb and llama polyclonal antibodies for the detection of ricin. SdAb are comprised of the variable domain derived from camelid heavy chain only antibodies (HcAb). Although HcAb lack variable light chains, they as well as their derivative sdAb are able to bind antigens with high affinity. The small size of sdAb (~16 kDa), while advantageous in many respects, limits the number of labels that can be incorporated. The ability to incorporate multiple labels is a beneficial attribute for reporter elements. Opportunely, sdAb are often selected using phage display methodology. Using sdAb displayed on bacteriophage M13 as the reporter element gives the potential for incorporating a very high number of labels. We have demonstrated the use of both sdAb and phage- displayed sdAb for the detection of ricin using both enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and Luminex fluid array assays. The phage-displayed sdAb led to five to ten fold better detection of ricin in both the ELISA and Luminex assays, resulting in limits of detection of 1 ng/mL and 64 pg/mL respectively. The phage-displayed sdAb were also dramatically more effective for the visualization of binding to target in nitrocellulose dot blot assays, a method frequently used for epitope mapping.
Computation of Subsonic and Transonic Compressor Rotor Flow Taking Account of Reynolds Stress Anisotropy (1998)

A two-layer k-ε/algebraic Reynolds stress model (ARSM) has been adopted to the three-dimensional, Reynolds-averaged, Navier-Stokes code to include explicitly the Reynolds stress anisotropy. The code has been used to study the complex flow fields of a transonic axial compressor rotor (i.e., NASA Rotor 37) and a subsonic centrifugal compressor impeller (i.e., the backswept impeller of Krain, first reported in 1988). The computed results have been compared with those from a Baldwin-Lomax model, a low-Reynolds number k-ε turbulence model and actual experimental data. Calculated results for the axial compressor are compared with data reported by Suder in 1994. The suitability of the turbulence model to predict accurately the overall performance of the rotor, spanwise distributions of aerodynamic characteristics, and the wake flow profiles is assessed. Calculations for the centrifugal compressor impeller are compared with the experimental data reported by Hah and Krain in 1989. The usefulness of the turbulence models to predict accurately the overall performance of the impeller, the impeller-exit-velocity profile, and the meridional velocity and flow angle profiles at the cross-channel planes (via L2F measurements) has also been investigated. For modeling the turbulence of both the rotor and the impeller, reasonably good predictions have been obtained with the ARSM and the low-Reynolds number k-ε models, but have not been attainable using the Baldwin-Lomax model. The solutions obtained with the ARSM show better agreement with experimental data than those obtained with the other models. However, in some cases, the predicted differences between the ARSM and the low-Reynolds number k-ε models are not significant. The computed secondary flow and the relative helicity have also been used to investigate the effect of wall curvature and frame rotation on the flow field inside the centrifugal impeller for three operating conditions (i.e., design point, choke, and near surge) and the results are discussed.
J0320601 Possibility and Future View of Porous Metals (2014)

Porous metals like aluminum foam, which has relatively large closed cells around several millimeters, are expected as an ultra lightweight structural material in various industrial fields. Research and development of such porous metals are increased in the 1980s and some industrial applications were proposed and increased in 1990s. Focusing on a precursor method for metallic foams, the movement of related technology, innovative development in our laboratory and future possibility and issue are surveyed in the present paper.
A Fast-Beam-Switching 28-GHz Phased-Array Transceiver Supporting Cross-Polarization Leakage Self-Cancellation (2021)

This work introduces a 28-GHz phased-array transceiver supporting fast beam switching. Totally 256-pattern beam settings could be stored inside the on-chip SRAM for a 4-ns beam switching. The proposed phased-array also supports 5G dual-polarized MIMO (DP-MIMO) operation with cross-pol. leakage self-cancellation. The cross-pol. leakages can be detected by the on-chip detector and cancelled by the canceller in both TX and RX modes. The measured DP-MIMO EVMs are 5.5% in 64QAM and 3.5% in 256QAM. Large-volume data streaming could be supported with low latency for the 5G NR.
The Effects of the M 1 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor Positive Allosteric Modulator VU0486846 on Cognitive Performance in Aged Nonhuman Primates (2020)

It is estimated that in the United States alone there will be nearly 70 million people over the age of 65 by the year 2030. Yet, there remains a critical unmet need to understand and identify novel therapeutic strategies to address age‐related impairments in arousal, cognitive function, and sleep architecture. Agents such as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) that enhance overall cholinergic neurotransmission are approved to ameliorate the loss of cognitive function in normal aging and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) populations. However, AChEIs are associated with dose‐limiting side effect due to nonselective activation of peripheral muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs). Accumulating evidence indicates that enhancement of central cholinergic neurotransmission through selective activation of the M 1 mAChR subtype represents an exciting alternative approach for the treatment of impairments in cognition, arousal and sleep observed in normal aging and AD. Recently we successfully optimized a novel series of M 1 positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) as an alternative strategy for the selective activation of M 1 receptors, represented by VU0486846. The goal of the present study was to provide the first characterization of the effects of an M 1 PAM on cognitive performance in aged nonhuman primates. For these studies, 16 aged (&gt; 20 years old) female and male (N=8/sex) cynomolgus monkeys were trained under two different cognitive tasks using CANTAB touchscreens. Eight monkeys (N=4/sex) were trained under a delayed match‐to‐sample (DMS) task using three delays and 2–3 distractors. The other monkeys were trained under an attention task, the multiple‐choice serial reaction time (MCSRT) task. All monkeys were tested with the following compounds, administered 60‐min before the session: donepezil (0.1–0.56 mg/kg, IM); VU0486846 (1.0–5.6 mg/kg, PO) and d ‐amphetamine (0.01–0.056 mg/kg, IM). With no published data on training of aged monkeys in a DMS task, we found that the eight aged monkeys required approximately 1 year of training prior to pharmacologic challenge. The effects of donepezil were variable across monkeys, up to doses that produced adverse effects. In contrast, VU0486846 improved working memory, at doses that did not result in any side effects. As a positive control, d ‐amphetamine also improved cognitive performance. In preliminary studies, testing ineffective doses of donepezil + VU0486846 also resulted in improved DMS performance. Regarding MCSRT, effects of both donepezil and VU0486846 were determined on a reaction time task. At doses that improved working memory, VU0486846 did not affect reaction time while in some but not all monkeys, donepezil slowed reaction times. These promising preliminary data will be extended in order to examine sex‐specific and age‐related effects of chronic VU0486846 and the consequences of the M 1 PAM and donepezil on sleep architecture in aged nonhuman primates. Support or Funding Information NIH grant AG054622
Multiscale Morphological and Electrical Characterization of Charge Transport Limitations to the Power Performance of Positive Electrode Blends for Lithium‐Ion Batteries (2016)

In this work, exhaustive characterizations of 3D geometries of LiNi 1/3 Mn 1/3 Co 1/3 O 2 (NMC), LiFePO 4 (LFP), and NMC/LFP blended electrodes are undertaken for rational interpretation of their measured electrical properties and electrochemical performance. X‐ray tomography and focused ion beam in combination with scanning electron microscopy tomography are used for a multiscale analysis of electrodes 3D geometries. Their multiscale electrical properties are measured by using broadband dielectric spectroscopy. Finally, discharge rate performance are measured and analyzed by simple, yet efficient methods. It allows us to discriminate between electronic and ionic wirings as the performance limiting factors, depending on the discharge rate. This approach is a unique exhaustive analysis of the experimental relationships between the electrochemical behavior, the transport properties within the electrode, and its 3D geometry.
Digital Phenotyping to Delineate Salinity Response in Safflower Genotypes (2021)

Salinity is a major contributing factor to the degradation of arable land, and reductions in crop growth and yield. To overcome these limitations, the breeding of crop varieties with improved salt tolerance is needed. This requires effective and high-throughput phenotyping to optimize germplasm enhancement. Safflower (<i>Carthamus tinctorius</i> L.), is an underappreciated but highly versatile oilseed crop, capable of growing in saline and arid environments. To develop an effective and rapid phenotyping protocol to differentiate salt responses in safflower genotypes, experiments were conducted in the automated imaging facility at Plant Phenomics Victoria, Horsham, focussing on digital phenotyping at early vegetative growth. The initial experiment, at 0, 125, 250, and 350 mM sodium chloride (NaCl), showed that 250 mM NaCl was optimum to differentiate salt sensitive and tolerant genotypes. Phenotyping of a diverse set of 200 safflower genotypes using the developed protocol defined four classes of salt tolerance or sensitivity, based on biomass and ion accumulation. Salt tolerance in safflower was dependent on the exclusion of Na<sup>+</sup> from shoot tissue and the maintenance of K<sup>+</sup> uptake. Salinity response identified in glasshouse experiments showed some consistency with the performance of representatively selected genotypes tested under sodic field conditions. Overall, our results suggest that digital phenotyping can be an effective high-throughput approach in identifying candidate genotypes for salt tolerance in safflower.
New Biomarkers in an Acute Model of Live Escherichia coli‐induced Sepsis in Pigs (2008)

We developed a live Escherichia coli model of acute sepsis in pigs with emphasize on biomarkers reflecting the early inflammatory response of sepsis. Healthy pigs, 25-35 kg, were challenged intravenously (IV) (n = 12) or intrapulmonary (n = 6) with live E. coli and observed for 3 and 5 h respectively. Control pigs received culture medium (n = 6 + 3). Haemodynamic parameters and a broad panel of inflammatory mediators were measured. The dose of bacteria was carefully titrated to obtain a condition resembling the early phase of human septic shock. The IV group displayed a pro-inflammatory response [significant increase in tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8] and an early anti-inflammatory response (significant increase in IL-10). For the first time, we demonstrate a significant increase in IL-12 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP) early in pig sepsis. Coagulation was activated (significant increase in thrombin-antithrombin complexes) and there was a significant decrease in the serum proteins suggesting capillary leakage. Haemodynamic parameters reflected a septic condition with significant decrease in systemic blood pressure, increases in heart rate, pulmonary artery pressure and base deficit. None of these changes was observed in the control group. Interleukin-1beta and vascular endothelial growth factor increased in both groups. Nitric oxide measurements suggested an initial pulmonary vascular endothelial inflammatory response. The intrapulmonary group, which did not resemble septic condition, showed a substantial increase in MMP-9. In this porcine model of sepsis, IL-12 and MMP-9 were detected for the first time. These biomarkers may have an impact in the understanding and future treatment of sepsis.
Speech Noise Estimation using Enhanced Minima Controlled Recursive Averaging (2007)

Accurate noise power spectrum estimation in a noisy speech signal is a key challenge problem in speech enhancement. One state-of-the-art approach is the minima controlled recursive averaging (MCRA). This paper presents an enhanced MCRA algorithm (EMCRA), which demonstrates less speech signal leakage and faster response time to follow abrupt changes in the noise power spectrum. Experiments using real speech and noise recordings have validated the superiority of the proposed enhancements. EMCRA shows improvements both in intuitive subjective listening and objective quality measures in terms of higher output SNR and lower output distortion scores.
Continuous‐Flow Synthesis of 3,3‐Disubstituted Oxindoles by a Palladium‐Catalyzed α‐Arylation/Alkylation Sequence (2011)

Facilitating chemistry: Key to the success of Pd-catalyzed α-arylation of oxindoles in continuous flow involved a biphasic system, a precatalyst, and a packed-bed microreactor. Furthermore, this reaction was integrated into a two-step continuous-flow sequence for rapid, modular, and efficient syntheses of 3,3-disubstituted oxindoles. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.