gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Scaling Limits of Nanoionic Devices (2016)

Device scaling and energy consumption during computation has become a matter of strategic importance for modern Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). The central question addressed in this chapter is “What is the smallest volume of matter needed for ICT devices that rely on the motion of ions or atoms, such as memory or logic?” The three related tasks explored in this chapter are changes in the electrical properties due to addition or removal of a few atoms, stability of a few-atom system, and the energetics of nanoionic devices.
Windows 2000 Dependability (2000)

Windows 2000 development had two apparently contradictory goals, to add functionality whilst improving dependability to the end customer. This paper describes the difficulty in developing the processes to characterizing the dependability goals for Windows 2000. The paper further describes how Windows 2000 met those goals through addition of dependability features and comprehensive testing in laboratories and production environments. These goals could not be achieved solely through improvements to the operating systems but also required addressing additional issues, such as improving the installation process and quality of driver software. The development of Windows 2000 highlighted a number of research opportunities, discussed later in the paper, to impact the development and release of highly dependable software.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure 1′,2′‐seco‐ and 1′,2′‐seco‐2′‐nor‐ Nucleosides Carrying Fluorine and Sulfur Substituents. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Socioeconomic impacts and management ciguatera in the Pacific. (1992)

The inshore fisheries resource is important to the health and culture of many of the inhabitants of Pacific Island countries (PIC). Ciguateric fishes (mainly demersal reef fishes) cause a range of distressing and often debilitating gastrointestinal neurological and cardiovascular disturbances. Consequently, ciguatera limits the utilisation of this otherwise over-exploited resource. For many victims, the symptoms suffered during the chronic phase of ciguatera (lasting weeks, months and occasionally years) are exacerbated upon consumption of certain foods, particularly non-toxic fishes. After each outbreak, victims and members of their social-network experience a transient increase in perception of the risk of eating reef fish. The impact of ciguatera is greatest in atoll island countries where fish is the primary source of protein (it also has a major impact and to facilitate the management of ciguatera in PIC, regular information is required that quantifies: (i) the true incidence of ciguatera; (ii) the extent and way in which different communities avoid ciguatera; and (iii) the adverse impact ciguatera has on health, the workforce, trade and tourism. Over the last 15 years (based on SPEHIS data to 1990), some countries recorded a decrease in the ciguatera problem (New Caledonia, Marshall Is.), other countries an increase (Kirbati, Tuvalu, French Polynesia), while still other countries recorded an increase followed by a decrease in ciguatera (Tokelau, American Samoa, Western Samoa, Fiji and Vanuatu). There may also be seasonal trends in the incidence of ciguatera in some countries e.g. Fiji. Management options presently implementable in PIC include: (i) treatment with i.v. mannitol; (ii) provision of timely advise on the location and status of ciguatera "hot spots" in each country that would allow affected communities to react objectively to the risk posed by ciguatera; and (iii) modification of human behaviour and aspirations to reduce the impact of increasing population, pollution and development (e.g. causeways) pressures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION OF HYBRID BEARING CERAMIC ROLLERS USING PROCESS COMPENSATED RESONANT TESTING (PCRT) (2010)

We have used Process Compensated Resonant Testing (PCRT) for studying structural integrity and functional performance of ceramic balls used in various auxiliary power units (APUs), propulsion engines, and defense and space missiles. The results show that PCRT is successful in sorting acceptable parts from parts with defects such as micro‐structural changes, C‐cracks, and scuffs. However, PCRT suffers from limitations, generally not determining the type, size or location of the anomaly. The pursuit of improvements to PCRT is an on‐going process.
Du diagnostic haut-débit à l'épidémiologie moléculaire des pestes aviaires : application à la maladie de Newcastle en Afrique de l'ouest (2009)

National audience
Rapid Life-History Diversification of an Introduced Fish Species across a Localized Thermal Gradient (2014)

Climatic variations are known to engender life-history diversification of species and populations at large spatial scales. However, the extent to which microgeographic variations in climate (e.g., those occurring within a single large ecosystem) can also drive life-history divergence is generally poorly documented. We exploited a spatial gradient in water temperatures at three sites across a large montane lake in southwest China (Lake Erhai) to examine the extent to which life histories of a short-lived fish species (icefish, Neosalanx taihuensis) diversified in response to thermal regime following introduction 25 y prior. In general, warmwater icefish variants grew faster, had larger adult body size and higher condition and fecundity, but matured at smaller sizes. Conversely, coldwater variants had smaller adult body size and lower condition, but matured at larger sizes and had larger eggs. These life-history differences strongly suggest that key ecological trade-offs exist for icefish populations exposed to different thermal regimes, and these trade-offs have driven relatively rapid diversification in the life histories of icefish within Lake Erhai. Results are surprisingly concordant with current knowledge on life-history evolution at macroecological scales, and suggest that improved conservation management might be possible by focusing on patterns operating at microgeographical, including, within-ecosystem scales.
Multi standard system level simulation framework for evaluation of mobile broadband networks (2011)

IEEE 802.16m and 3GPP LTE-Advanced mobile broadband communication systems represent the most promising technologies for providing high speed mobile broadband access to the Internet in the years to come. Many research groups, communication equipment vendors, and standardization bodies work on optimization and enhancements of the performance characteristics of 3GPP LTE-Advanced and IEEE 802.16m. The research and development efforts of academia and industry are mainly focused on the system level analysis of these mobile broadband networks. This paper provides an overview of multi-cell radio network system level modeling and presents the architecture of a multi-standard system level simulation software platform. The platform was designed for the evaluation of candidate IMT-Advanced radio interface technologies and can be used for the analysis and simulation of potential physical and medium access control enhancements for the IEEE 802.16m and 3GPP LTE-Advanced systems.
Targeted Gene Correction: Synthesis and Characterization of Double-Hairpin 2′-O-Methyl RNA/DNA Chimera Oligonucleotides (1997)

Abstract A series of 2′-O-methyl RNA/DNA chimera oligonucleotides were synthesized with a double-hairpin structural motif. Liposome formulated delivery of the chimeras effected targeted, high conversion of mutant alleles in mammalian cell culture. The chimera oligonucleotides were prepared with DNA and 2′-OMe RNA phosphoramidite nucleoside monomers on the ABI 394 synthesizer.
Rh(I)-catalyzed cleavage of unactivated CO bonds Carbonylative rearrangement reactions of allenyl ethers to 2-carboalkoxy-1,3-dienes (2005)

The initial examples of a Rh(I)-catalyzed carbonylative rearrangement reaction of allenyl ethers are described. The key reaction proceeds under remarkably mild conditions to provide good to excellent yields of 2-carboalkoxy-1,3-dienes.Key words: carbonylative rearrangement, C-O cleavage, σ bond activation, rhodium catalysis, allenyl ethers.
Everolimus for the treatment of lymphangioleiomyomatosis: a phase II study (2015)

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis is a rare, progressive cystic lung disorder characterised by dysregulated activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling.This was a phase IIa, multicentre, open-label study of the mTOR inhibitor everolimus (2.5 mg·day(-1) escalated to 10 mg·day(-1)) in 24 women with lymphangioleiomyomatosis. Primary endpoints were safety, pharmacokinetics and serum vascular endothelial growth factor-D (VEGF-D) levels; secondary endpoints were measures of lung function.Following 26 weeks of everolimus treatment, forced vital capacity exhibited stability, while forced expiration volume in 1 s improved from baseline, with mean changes (95% confidence interval) of 10 mL (-111-132) and 114 mL (11-217), respectively; 6-min walk distance improved by 47 m. Median VEGF-D and collagen IV levels decreased from baseline, from 1730 pg·mL(-1) to 934.5 pg·mL(-1), and 103 ng·mL(-1) to 80.5 ng·mL(-1), respectively. Adverse events were mostly grade 1-2; mouth ulceration, headache, nausea, stomatitis and fatigue were common. Serious adverse events suspected to be treatment related included peripheral oedema, pneumonia, cardiac failure and Pneumocystis jirovecii infection. Everolimus blood levels increased dose proportionally.In this study, everolimus improved some measures of lung function and exercise capacity and reduced serum VEGF-D and collagen IV. Side effects were generally consistent with known toxicities of mTOR inhibitors, although some were severe.
Recombinant BCG expressing the LTAK63 adjuvant induces increased early and long-term immune responses against Mycobacteria (2019)

The development of more effective vaccines against <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> has become a world priority. Previously, we have shown that a recombinant BCG expressing the LTAK63 adjuvant (rBCG-LTAK63) displayed higher protection than BCG against tuberculosis challenge in mice. In order to elucidate the immune effector mechanisms induced by rBCG-LTAK63, we evaluated the immune response before and after challenge. The potential to induce an innate immune response was investigated by intraperitoneal immunization with BCG or rBCG-LTAK63: both displayed increased cellular infiltration in the peritoneum with high numbers of neutrophils at 24 h and macrophages at 7 d. The rBCG-LTAK63-immunized mice displayed increased production of Nitric Oxide at 24 h and Hydrogen Peroxide at 7 d. The number of lymphocytes was higher in the rBCG-LTAK63 group when compared to BCG. Immunophenotyping of lymphocytes showed that rBCG-LTAK63 immunization increased CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells. An increased long-term Th1/Th17 cytokine profile was observed 90 d after subcutaneous immunization with rBCG-LTAK63. The evaluation of immune responses at 15 d after challenge showed that rBCG-LTAK63-immunized mice displayed increased TNF-α-secreting CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells and multifunctional IL-2<sup>+</sup> TNF-α<sup>+</sup> CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells as compared to BCG-immunized mice. Our results suggest that immunization with rBCG-LTAK63 induces enhanced innate and long-term immune responses as compared to BCG. These results can be correlated with the superior protection induced against TB.
ChemInform Abstract: 1H‐Pyrazole‐1‐carboxamidines: New Inhibitors of Nitric Oxide Synthase. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Analysis of Interface Material Noise in Non-contact Capacitive Sensing (2022)

The thermal noise due to the resistivity of insulation materials can become a significant noise source in non-contact capacitive sensing, especially when measuring micro-volt-level physiological signals. Since both the impedance and the resistivity of practical insulation materials may be strongly frequency dependent, their thermal noise is often frequency dependent. This paper studies the impedance and noise behavior of different interface materials as function of frequency, by means of modelling, simulations, and experimental measurements. The results show that the inherent resistive noise of some fabrics (e.g., cotton, polyester) could outweigh the typical noise level of circuits for physiological sensing; and as a result, the interface noise can limit the quality of low-amplitude signal detection. Clinical Relevance- This study gives a guideline for material selection from the noise perspective in case of capacitive electrode sensing.
Image recognition in the presence of speckle (1986)

Techniques for performing digital image recognition on speckled images are presented. Rather than performing speckle reduction, the speckled image is correlated directly with a reference function. Statistical properties of the correlation value are derived using the multiplicative noise model for image plane speckle. It follows that the correlation value is a Gaussian random variable. Statistical detection theory dictates that images are distinguishable when the standard derivations of the correlation values are small compared to the separation of the mean values. Several reference functions are considered for both intensity correlation and correlation for which the input speckled images are clipped. One reference function considered is the incoherent image of the desired object: another is the maximum-likelihood reference function. Experiments performed on planar rough objects indicate good agreement between theory and experiment. The best ability to discriminate is obtained using the maximum-likelihood reference function.
DNA self-assembled parallel computer architectures (2004)

New varieties of computer architectures, capable of solving highly demanding computational problems, are enabled by the large manufacturing scale expected from self-assembling circuit fabrication (1012–1019 devices). However, these fabrication processes are in their infancy and even at maturity are expected to incur heavy yield penalties compared to conventional silicon technologies. To retain the advantages of this manufacturing scale, new architectures must efficiently use large collections of very simple circuits. This paper describes two such architectures that are enabled by self-assembly and examines their performance.
Generating High-Harmonic Optical Vortex Beams from Photonic Bound States in the Continuum (2022)

In this paper, we study the high-harmonic optical vortex (OV) generation from an α-Si photonic crystal (PhC) slab supporting the guided resonance associated with bound states in the continuum (BICs). We show that the topological charge of the nth-harmonic OV beams is determined by both the polarization charge of the BIC and the circular polarization state of the nth-harmonic signal relative to that of the fundamental waves.
Next-generation calculable capacitor using a tunable-laser interferometer (2008)

A new calculable capacitor with an operating range of 0.1 pF is being developed at NIST. Incorporation of Fabry-Perot displacement metrology employing a tunable laser will allow a continuous set of electrode displacements, as opposed to the discrete set in the current implementation. In addition, the reduced uncertainty in the displacement measurement will allow a considerably more compact apparatus, greatly minimizing errors arising from other sources.
Herbicidal cyanoacrylates with antimicrotubule mechanism of action (2005)

The herbicidal mode of action of the new synthetic cyanoacrylates ethyl (2Z)-3-amino-2-cyano-4-ethylhex-2-enoate (CA1) and its isopropyl ester derivative CA2 was investigated. For initial characterization, a series of bioassays was used indicating a mode of action similar to that of mitotic disrupter herbicides such as the dinitroaniline pendimethalin. Cytochemical fluorescence studies including monoclonal antibodies against polymerized and depolymerized tubulin and a cellulose-binding domain of a bacterial cellulase conjugated to a fluorescent dye were applied to elucidate effects on cell division processes including mitosis and microtubule and cell wall formation in maize roots. When seedlings were root treated with 10 microM of CA1 or CA2, cell division activity in meristematic root tip cells decreased within 4 h. The chromosomes proceeded to a condensed state of prometaphase, but were unable to progress further in the mitotic cycle. The compounds caused a complete loss of microtubular structures, including preprophase, spindle, phragmoplast and cortical microtubules. Concomitantly, in the cytoplasm, an increase in labelling of free tubulin was observed. This suggests that the herbicides disrupt polymerization and microtubule stability, whereas tubulin synthesis or degradation appeared not to be affected. In addition, cellulose labelling in cell walls of root tip cells was not influenced. The effects of CA1 and CA2 were comparable with those caused by pendimethalin. In transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing a green fluorescent protein-microtubule-associated protein4 fusion protein, labelled arrays of cortical microtubules in living epidermal cells of hypocotyls collapsed within 160 min after exposure to 10 microM CA1 or pendimethalin. Moreover, a dinitroaniline-resistant biotype of goosegrass (Eleusine indica (L) Gaertn) with a point mutation in alpha-tubulin showed cross-resistance against CA1 and CA2. The results strongly indicate that the cyanoacrylates are a new chemical class of herbicide which possess the same antimicrotubule mechanism of action as dinitroanilines, probably including interaction with the same binding site in alpha-tubulin.
Double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study of HGF gene therapy in diabetic neuropathy (2015)

VM202 was safe, well tolerated and effective indicating the feasibility of a nonviral gene therapy approach to painful diabetic neuropathy. Two days of treatment were sufficient to provide symptomatic relief with improvement in quality of life for 3 months. VM202 may be particularly beneficial for patients not taking gabapentin or pregabalin.
Chromophore Rich Nanodomains in Bulk and Ultra Thin Film Polymer Blends (1996)

Abstract The morphology of chromophore rich nanometer scale domains in binary homopolymer blends is studied, both in bulk systems and in ultra thin films. For each situation, a different experimental technique is applied. Electronic excitation transport (EET) studies are used to characterize the formation of amorphous nanodomains in the bulk, while transmission electron micrsocsopy (TEM) is used to observe nanocrystaline domains in ultra thin films.
Separation of pepsins in human gastric juice: analysis of proteolytic and mucolytic activity (1986)

Conference Article| August 01 1986 Separation of pepsins in human gastric juice: analysis of proteolytic and mucolytic activity DAVID A. HUTTON; DAVID A. HUTTON *Department of Physiological Sciences, Medical School, University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar ADRIAN ALLEN; ADRIAN ALLEN † *Department of Physiological Sciences, Medical School, University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K. †To whom correspondence should be addressed. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar JEFFREY P. PEARSON; JEFFREY P. PEARSON *Department of Physiological Sciences, Medical School, University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar RICHARD WARD; RICHARD WARD ‡Department of Surgery, Medical School, University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar CHRISTOPHER W. VENABLES CHRISTOPHER W. VENABLES ‡Department of Surgery, Medical School, University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1986) 14 (4): 735–736. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0140735 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation DAVID A. HUTTON, ADRIAN ALLEN, JEFFREY P. PEARSON, RICHARD WARD, CHRISTOPHER W. VENABLES; Separation of pepsins in human gastric juice: analysis of proteolytic and mucolytic activity. Biochem Soc Trans 1 August 1986; 14 (4): 735–736. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0140735 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1986 Biochemical Society1986 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
The Impact of Membrane Permeability and Dialysate Purity on Cardiovascular Outcomes (2013)

The effects of high-flux dialysis and ultrapure dialysate on survival of hemodialysis patients are incompletely understood. We conducted a randomized controlled trial to investigate the effects of both membrane permeability and dialysate purity on cardiovascular outcomes. We randomly assigned 704 patients on three times per week hemodialysis to either high- or low-flux dialyzers and either ultrapure or standard dialysate using a two-by-two factorial design. The primary outcome was a composite of fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events during a minimum 3 years follow-up. We did not detect statistically significant differences in the primary outcome between high- and low-flux (HR=0.73, 95% CI=0.49 to 1.08, P=0.12) and between ultrapure and standard dialysate (HR=0.90, 95% CI=0.61 to 1.32, P=0.60). Posthoc analyses suggested that cardiovascular event-free survival was significantly better in the high-flux group compared with the low-flux group for the subgroup with arteriovenous fistulas, which constituted 82% of the study population (adjusted HR=0.61, 95% CI=0.38 to 0.97, P=0.03). Furthermore, high-flux dialysis associated with a lower risk for cardiovascular events among diabetic subjects (adjusted HR=0.49, 95% CI=0.25 to 0.94, P=0.03), and ultrapure dialysate associated with a lower risk for cardiovascular events among subjects with more than 3 years of dialysis (adjusted HR=0.55, 95% CI=0.31 to 0.97, P=0.04). In conclusion, this trial did not detect a difference in cardiovascular event-free survival between flux and dialysate groups. Posthoc analyses suggest that high-flux hemodialysis may benefit patients with an arteriovenous fistula and patients with diabetes and that ultrapure dialysate may benefit patients with longer dialysis vintage.