gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the mean effective gain of antennas (2008)

The mean e ective gain (MEG) is one of the most important parameters for the characterization of antennas in wireless channels. This paper provides an analysis of some fundamental properties of the MEG and gives corresponding physical interpretations. Three points are analyzed in detail: (i) we provide closed-form expressions for MEG in a mixed environment with both stochastic and deterministic components, showing that the MEG can be written as a sum of gains for the deterministic and stochastic components, (ii) we show that under some assumptions the propagation channel and the antenna are equivalent in the sense that the impact of the channel cross-polarization ratio (XPR) and the antenna e ective-XPD on the MEG are symmetrical, (iii) based on the fact that MEG depends on random variables, such as the XPR and antenna rotations due to user's movements, we de ne the average, the minimum and maximum MEG of antennas, respectively. Finally, we derive the maximum e ective gain of antennas and show that it is bounded by 4πηrad, where ηrad is the radiation e ciency of the antenna.
How can a skin cell become a nerve cell? (2017)

How can a skin cell become a nerve cell? This is one of the 125 big questions raised in <italic>Science</italic> magazine for its 125th anniversary. Here we summarize what we know on this subject. In particular, we discuss recent success in converting fibroblasts, one of the common cells found in skin, into nerve cells including neuron. Despite these successes in making nerve cells of skin cells in laboratory, it is quite challenging in translating these breakthroughs into success in clinic. The nervous system includes the central nervous system, the peripheral nervous system and the autonomic nervous system. Many insults, including infection, poisoning, immune damage, nutritional disorders, endocrine disorders and genetic factors, may damage the nervous system such that nerve cells undergo degeneration, apoptosis, or necrosis, leading to neurological impairments. The impairments in peripheral nerve system may be repaired without much defects with skilled microsurgical techniques. However, options are quite limited in repair lesions in the central nerve system as it was known that neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) could not regenerate after damage and would only be replaced by glial cells. Neuronal stem cells hold great promise in repairing lesions in the nerve systems. While embryonic stem cells may be complicated with ethical issues, adult stem cells such as neuronal stem cells are difficult to isolate and purify, with limited differentiation capacity. One solution is the induction of neuronal cells from skin fibroblast directly. Indeed, in 2010, Vierbuchen et la use three transcription factors, <italic>Ascl1</italic>, <italic>Brn2/4</italic> and <italic>Myt1L</italic> (ABM), to directly convert fibroblasts into induced neurons (iNs). Because fibroblasts are easy to obtain, they have become the first choice of the initial cells to induce nerve cells. This technology has become an active area of research in recent years. Going forward, it is possible to apply many similar strategies including transcription factors, small molecules, microRNAs to the induction of neuron, glial cell, astrocyte oligodendrocyte and Schwann cells from fibroblast. The cells generated from these strategies can be used to treat Parkinson′s disease and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. There is a bright future for the generation of nerve cells from skin cells. In deed, similar approaches have been attempted in animal models. For human therapy, we must perform more safety tests, improve efficiency and enhance survival rate. Therefore, we need a lot of work done in clinical practice. Most importantly, the investigation of nerve cell generation from skin fibroblast may help us to understand the basic rules and laws of cell fate determination and the mechanism for human developments. Current work is laying a solid foundation for the development of therapies.
Evaluating visual/motor co-location in fish-tank virtual reality (2009)

Virtual reality systems often co-locate the display and input (motor) spaces. Many input devices, such as the mouse, use indirect input mappings, and are disjoint from the display space. A study of visual/motor co-location was conducted to determine if there is any benefit to working directly ¿in¿ a virtual environment. Using a fish-tank VR setup, participants performed a 3D object movement task. This required moving an object from the centre of the environment to target regions, using a tracked pen, in both co-located and disjoint display/input conditions. Results were analyzed in the context of Fitts' Law, which models rapid aimed movements. Ultimately, no significant differences were found between co-located and disjoint conditions. However, when analyzing object movement in specific directions, the co-located condition was somewhat better than the disjoint one. In particular, movement into the scene was faster when the display and input device were co-located rather than disjoint.
The Application of Hyaluronic Acid Injections in Functional and Aesthetic Andrology: A Narrative Review (2023)

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a glycosaminoglycan widely utilised in different fields of medicine. We aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the scientific evidence on the use of HA in andrology. A review of the literature to identify pertinent studies concerning the use of HA in andrology was carried out on the Medline, EMBASE, and the Cochrane databases, with no time restriction up to December 2022. Penile girth enlargement (PGE) using HA proved to be safe and effective in enhancing the diameter of the penis, with durable and satisfactory outcomes in long-term follow-up. Injection of HA in the glans seems to represent an alternative treatment option for those patients with premature ejaculation (PE) who fail to respond to conventional medications. HA intra-plaque injections represent a valid option which may contribute to restore sexual activity in patients with Peyronie's disease (PD). The adoption of HA filler injections should always be tailored to the patient's peculiar anatomy and underlying condition. More robust evidence is required to achieve a uniformed consensus regarding the use of HA in andrology, and further efforts should continue to improve the current injection techniques and HA products.
Protocols for endothelial cell isolation from mouse tissues: brain, choroid, lung, and muscle (2021)

Endothelial cells (ECs) harbor distinct phenotypical and functional characteristics depending on their tissue localization and contribute to brain, eye, lung, and muscle diseases such as dementia, macular degeneration, pulmonary hypertension, and sarcopenia. To study their function, isolation of pure ECs in high quantities is crucial. Here, we describe protocols for rapid and reproducible blood vessel EC purification established for scRNA sequencing from murine tissues using mechanical and enzymatic digestion followed by magnetic and fluorescence-activated cell sorting. For complete details on the use and execution of these protocol, please refer to Kalucka et al. (2020), Rohlenova et al. (2020), and Goveia et al. (2020).
Blind Interference Alignment for the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K$</tex-math> </inline-formula>-User MISO BC Under Limited Symbol Extension (2018)

In this paper, we study the achievable degrees of freedom (DoFs) for K -user multiple-input single-output broadcast channel (BC) in the absence of channel state information at the transmitter under the finite channel coherent time. For the considered K-user BC, a transmitter is equipped with multiple conventional antennas, and receivers are equipped with a reconfigurable antenna that is capable of dynamically modifying the receiving beam radiation pattern. In this system, we propose a blind interference alignment scheme that is able to allocate an asymmetric number of information symbols to each user, which is essentially required to improve DoFs under limited symbol extension. A generalized systematic construction method of transmit beamforming vectors and receiving mode selection patterns to deal with such asymmetric allocation is established. As a consequence, for a broad class of network configurations and symbol extension constraints, the proposed scheme attains an improved sum DoF compared to the previous works, allowing only for the same number of information symbols for all users.
Über EKG-Kennzeichungen der atrioventrikulären akzessorischen Leitungsbahnen von Rechtsmittelsepta und Linksmittelsepta (2001)

In der Studie wurden 20 Patienten mit AV-Reentry Tachykardie unter Einbezug einer mittelseptalen gelegenen atrioventricul ren akzessorischen Leitungsbahn(MS) eingeschlossen, die seit 4 Jahren in unserem Elektrophysiologischen Untersuchungslabor mittels Katheters erfolgreich abladiert wurden. Die 20 Patienten hatten 26 akzessorische Leitungsbahnen. Daunter waren 21 MS (rechtsmittelseptal (RMS) zu linksmittelseptal(LMS)=17:4). 18 akzessorische Leitungsbahnen waren offen. Die Lokalisation der akzessorischen Leitungsbahnen wurde aufgrund der Stelle erfolgreich abladiert bestimmt. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, da die RMS und LMS den gleichen Charakter in den meisten Ableitungen des EKGs hatten, und jedoch der wenige Unterschied bei diesen beiden akzessorischen Lritungsbahnen besteht. Wenn die positive Polaritat der Delta Welle in der Ableitung V 1 bei der Patienten mit MS auftritt, mu sich berlegen, ob die M glichkeit der Lokalisation der akzessorischen Leitungsbahn im Linksmittelseptum besteht.
Evaluation of Daylight and Thermal Infra-Red based Detection for Platooning Vehicles (2012)

The research project "SafeCon" tackles the problem of the safety in military transport missions. In such missions people can be killed by attacks or natural dangers, for example avalanches. To reduce the number of involved people in transport missions, SafeCon tries to reduce the number of requied personnel by automating each transporter.The aim of SafeCon is the realisation of a semi-autonomous truck convoy. The destruction of one vehicle within the convoy causes financial losses and spares human lives. Further, the vehicles must not be armoured. This reduces both load capacity and costs. For an autonomous behaviour, each truck must be able to follow the vehicle ahead. Because of that, each vehicle must be able to recognise the leading vehicle. This is realised with a computer visiondetection system. To enable an autonomous behaviour in all weather conditions a thermal infra-red camera system is implemented to detect objects based on their heat signature. Different to other approaches, this paper discusses the implementation of an AdaBoost based detection for thermal infra-red image material. The evaluation of our approach compares a thermal infra-red and a visible-light detection. Ourexperiments prove that the thermal infra-red detection is comparable with visible-light detection.
Shape from Varying Illumination and Viewpoint (2007)

We address the problem of reconstructing the 3-D shape of a Lambertian surface from multiple images acquired as an object rotates under distant and possibly varying illumination. Using camera projection matrices estimated from point correspondences across views, the algorithm computes a dense correspondence map by minimizing a multi-ocular photometric constraint. Once correspondence across views is established, photometric stereo is applied to estimate a surface normal field and 3-D surface. Conceptually, the algorithm merges multi-view stereo and photometric stereo and uses aspects of both methods to recover shape. The method is straightforward to implement and relies on established principles from the two stereo methods. We empirically validate the method on images of a number of objects and show that it outperforms previous methods.
The Two Carboxylases of Corynebacterium glutamicum Essential for Fatty Acid and Mycolic Acid Synthesis (2007)

The suborder Corynebacterianeae comprises bacteria like Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Corynebacterium glutamicum, and these bacteria contain in addition to the linear fatty acids, unique alpha-branched beta-hydroxy fatty acids, called mycolic acids. Whereas acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) carboxylase activity is required to provide malonyl-CoA for fatty acid synthesis, a new type of carboxylase is apparently additionally present in these bacteria. It activates the alpha-carbon of a linear fatty acid by carboxylation, thus enabling its decarboxylative condensation with a second fatty acid to afford mycolic acid synthesis. We now show that the acetyl-CoA carboxylase of C. glutamicum consists of the biotinylated alpha-subunit AccBC, the beta-subunit AccD1, and the small peptide AccE of 8.9 kDa, forming an active complex of approximately 812,000 Da. The carboxylase involved in mycolic acid synthesis is made up of the two highly similar beta-subunits AccD2 and AccD3 and of AccBC and AccE, the latter two identical to the subunits of the acetyl-CoA carboxylase complex. Since AccD2 and AccD3 orthologues are present in all Corynebacterianeae, these polypeptides are vital for mycolic acid synthesis forming the unique hydrophobic outer layer of these bacteria, and we speculate that the two beta-subunits present serve to lend specificity to this unique large multienzyme complex.
Fiabilité des commutateurs 25 kV, 1600 A utilisant 3500 MOS (1998)

International audience
[Regulation of terpene metabolism]. Annual progress report, March 15, 1990--March 14, 1991 (1991)

During the last grant period, we have completed studies on the key pathways of monoterpene biosynthesis and catabolism in sage and peppermint, and have, by several lines of evidence, deciphered the rate-limiting step of each pathway. We have at least partially purified and characterized the relevant enzymes of each pathway. We have made a strong case, based on analytical, in vivo, and in vitro studies, that terpene accumulation depends upon the balance between biosynthesis and catabolism, and provided supporting evidence that these processes are developmentally-regulated and very closely associated with senescence of the oil glands. Oil gland ontogeny has been characterized at the ultrastructural level. We have exploited foliar-applied bioregulators to delay gland senescence, and have developed tissue explant and cell culture systems to study several elusive aspects of catabolism. We have isolated pure gland cell clusters and localized monoterpene biosynthesis and catabolism within these structures, and have used these preparations as starting materials for the purification to homogeneity of target ``regulatory`` enzymes. We have thus developed the necessary background knowledge, based on a firm understanding of enzymology, as well as the necessary experimental tools for studying the regulation of monoterpene metabolism at the molecular level. Furthermore, we are now in a position to extend our systematic approach to other terpenoid classes (C{sub 15}-C{sub 30}) produced by oil glands.
Table S8 from Clinical Importance of the lncRNA <i>NEAT1</i> in Cancer Patients Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Genes enriched in NEAT1-high macrophages&lt;/p&gt;
An electrical resistivity model of segmental body composition using bioimpedance analysis (2004)

An electrical resistivity model is proposed to describe the relationship of the resistivity with measurement on the skin surface and by calculation of tissues composing a limb. A specific analysis was performed in a group of subjects with 5 kHz current injected at the surface of the calf. This study showed that calculated resistivity using the model was highly correlated with the values of resistivity by actual measurement. The results indicate that the volume of fat mass is an important factor influencing the estimation of body composition using the standard four-electrode bioimpedance technique.
Hexamethylenetetramine, A Versatile Reagent in Organic Synthesis (1979)

Hexamethylenetetramine, readily obtainable from ammonia and formaldehyde, is a rather stable reagent with an adamantane-like structure. In acidic media the reagent can be cleaved to give C-N-subunits or ammonia + formaldehyde. These fragmentation products can then undergo synthetically useful reactions with appropriate substrates. The present article gives a summary of the formation of hexaminium salts and their use for the introduction of amino and formyl groups. There follows a discussion of the use of hexamethylenetetramine for the synthesis of some triaza- and tetraaza systems and for ring-closure reactions to form five-, six-, or seven-membered ring systems. 1. Introduction 2. Hexaminium Salts 2.1. Salts with Acids 2.2. Quaternary Salts of Hexamethylenetetramine 3. Introduction of Amino Groups via Hexaminium Salts 4. Introduction of Formyl Groups via Hexaminium Salts 5. Formation of Triaza- and Tetraaza-Heterocyclic Derivatives 6. Ring Closure Reactions using Hexamethylenetetramine 6.1. Formation of Five-Membered Rings 6.2. Formation of Six-Membered Rings 6.3. Formation of Seven-Membered Rings 7. Conclusions
Selective perception policies for guiding sensing and computation in multimodal systems (2003)

Intensive computations required for sensing and processing perceptual information can impose significant burdens on personal computer systems. We explore several policies for selective perception in SEER, a multimodal system for recognizing office activity that relies on a layered Hidden Markov Model representation. We review our efforts to employ expected-value-of-information (EVI) computations to limit sensing and analysis in a context-sensitive manner. We discuss an implementation of a one-step myopic EVI analysis and compare the results of using the myopic EVI with a heuristic sensing policy that makes observations at different frequencies. Both policies are then compared to a random perception policy, where sensors are selected at random. Finally, we discuss the sensitivity of ideal perceptual actions to preferences encoded in utility models about information value and the cost of sensing.
Fortschritte auf dem Weg zu einem einfachen chromogenen Kohlenstoffmonoxid‐Nachweis (2010)

Toxische CO-Konzentrationen zu sehen gelingt dank der deutlichen Farbänderung des Dirhodiumkomplexes 1 bei der Bindung von CO, die Esteban et al. festgestellt haben. Andere Atmosphärenbestandteile wie H2O, CO2, O2, CH4, SO2, NOx und flüchtige organische Verbindungen stören den CO-Nachweis nicht.
Design, Fabrication and Characterization of 1.5 mΩcm<sub>2</sub>, 800 V 4H-SiC n-Type Schottky Barrier Diodes (2005)

We present a theoretical and experimental study on the design, fabrication and characterization of Schottky Barrier Diodes (SBD) on commercial 4H-SiC epitaxial layers. Numerical simulations were performed with a commercial tool on different edge termination structures, with the aim of optimizing the device behavior. For each termination design, SBD were fabricated and characterized by means of electrical measurements vs. temperature. Simulations provided also useful data for the assessment of the device process technology.
Comparison of anterior nares CT values in asymptomatic and symptomatic individuals diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 in a university screening program (2022)

At our university based high throughput screening program, we test all members of our community weekly using RT-qPCR. RT-qPCR cycle threshold (CT) values are inversely proportional to the amount of viral RNA in a sample and are a proxy for viral load. We hypothesized that CT values would be higher, and thus the viral loads at the time of diagnosis would be lower, in individuals who were infected with the virus but remained asymptomatic throughout the course of the infection. We collected the N1 and N2 target gene CT values from 1633 SARS-CoV-2 positive RT-qPCR tests of individuals sampled between August 7, 2020, and March 18, 2021, at the BU Clinical Testing Laboratory. We matched this data with symptom reporting data from our clinical team. We found that asymptomatic patients had CT values significantly higher than symptomatic individuals on the day of diagnosis. Symptoms were followed by the clinical team for 10 days post the first positive test. Within the entire population, 78.1% experienced at least one symptom during surveillance by the clinical team (n = 1276/1633). Of those experiencing symptoms, the most common symptoms were nasal congestion (73%, n = 932/1276), cough (60.0%, n = 761/1276), fatigue (59.0%, n = 753/1276), and sore throat (53.1%, n = 678/1276). The least common symptoms were diarrhea (12.5%, n = 160/1276), dyspnea on exertion (DOE) (6.9%, n = 88/1276), foot or skin changes (including rash) (4.2%, n = 53/1276), and vomiting (2.1%, n = 27/1276). Presymptomatic individuals, those who were not symptomatic on the day of diagnosis but became symptomatic over the following 10 days, had CT values higher for both N1 (median = 27.1, IQR 20.2-32.9) and N2 (median = 26.6, IQR 20.1-32.8) than the symptomatic group N1 (median = 21.8, IQR 17.2-29.4) and N2 (median = 21.4, IQR 17.3-28.9) but lower than the asymptomatic group N1 (median = 29.9, IQR 23.6-35.5) and N2 (median = 30.0, IQR 23.1-35.7). This study supports the hypothesis that viral load in the anterior nares on the day of diagnosis is a measure of disease intensity at that time.
An application for near‐real‐time analysis of XPS data (2010)

Abstract A platform‐independent application for the analysis of XPS data has been developed with the goal of providing rapid data processing of survey spectra at a more sophisticated level than is typically performed. This application uses an expert systems approach to invoke a set of rules that are applied to the data. The application then uses simple, automated data analysis calculations to generate information on the thickness of any carbon contamination layer, atomic composition corrected for carbon contamination, and segregation (layering) information as soon as the data are collected. Batch processing and automated report generation are features incorporated into this application that would also improve the throughput for data analysis, resulting in substantial labor reduction and cost savings. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Optimizing features and models using the minimum classification error criterion (2003)

Discriminative feature extraction (DFE) has been proposed as a extension of MCE/GPD for the joint optimization of features and models. This study presents various configurations of this discriminative framework aimed at optimizing filter-bank parameters, using cepstrum and delta cepstrum as features, within an HMM-based system. Features and models are optimized either jointly or separately. Experimental results on the ISOLET database show that the joint optimization of features and models realizes the best performance: more than 13% absolute error rate reduction on the E-set task compared to an MLE-trained system using MFCCs and more than 1.85% absolute error rate reduction compared to an MCE-trained system using MFCCs.