gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Freehand iMRI‐guided large‐gauge core needle biopsy: A new minimally invasive technique for diagnosis of enhancing breast lesions (2001)

The lack of reliable methods for minimally invasive biopsy of suspicious enhancing breast lesions has hindered the utilization of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the detection and diagnosis of breast cancer. In this study, a freehand method was developed for large-gauge core needle biopsy (LCNB) guided by intraprocedural MRI (iMRI). Twenty-seven lesions in nineteen patients were biopsied using iMRI-guided LCNB without significant complications. Diagnostic tissue was obtained in all cases. Nineteen of the 27 lesions were subsequently surgically excised. Histopathologic analysis confirmed that iMRI-guided LCNB correctly distinguished benign lesions from malignancy in 18 of the 19 lesions. The histology revealed by core biopsy was partially discrepant with surgical biopsy in 2 of the other 19 lesions. Freehand iMRI-guided LCNB of enhancing breast lesions is promising. Larger studies are needed to determine the smallest lesion that can be sampled reliably and to precisely measure the accuracy of iMRI-guided LCNB as a minimally invasive tool to diagnose suspicious lesions found by breast MRI. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2001;13:896-902.
Novel Functional Nano-size Nonionic Surfactant Particles on Which Cationic Metalloporphyrins Are Absorbed; Preparation, Characterization, and Anti-oxidant Properties (2005)

Cationic manganese (III) 5,10,15,20-tetrakis (N-methylpyridinium-2-yl) porphyrin (MnT2MPyP) and manganese (III) 5,10,15,20-tetrakis (N-methylpyridinium-4-yl) porphyrin (MnT4MPyP) complexes were synthesized as superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimics which were introduced into niosomes so as to examine this effects on the capacity of drug delivery system (DDS) to maintain and perpetuate blood circulation. All the niosomes were prepared from polyoxyethylene solbitan monostearate (Tween 61) by the conventional sonication method. SOD activity was measured by the stopped-flow analysis and the cytochrome c method. Sodium stearate-linked MnT2MPyP was found to be the most effective catalyst along with SOD activity for decomposing O2-· at a second-order rate constant of 2.0×107 M-1s-1 in Tween 61 niosomes. Rate constants of metalloporphyrin-embedded niosomes for reaction with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and half-life times in H2O2 were also determined. Metalloporphyrin-embedded niosomes were found to have greater half-life times compared to metalloporphyrin without niosomes. The present findings clearly indicate that metalloporphyrin-embedded niosomes are highly effective for bringing about O2-· decomposition and should thus find application as DDS in antioxidant drugs.
A broadly tunable erbium-doped fiber ring laser: experimentation and modeling (2001)

Broad-band tunability of erbium-doped silica fiber ring lasers in the 1.48-1.62 /spl mu/m wavelength band is demonstrated through modeling and experiment. Tunability over the erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) C- and L-bands is achieved with a simple laser design using a single gain medium working in deep saturation. A comprehensive numerical model based on an iterative solution of propagation rate equations and spectrally resolved Giles parameters was used to analyze the impact of various laser variables. The dependence of laser output power on total cavity loss, erbium-doped fiber length, pump power, and lasing wavelength has been investigated. The calculated laser characteristics have been found in good quantitative agreement with the experimentally obtained data. Experimental results concerning wavelength tunability, output power, and lasing wavelength repeatability/stability and spectral purity are also presented.
Thermal Conductivity of Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Copolymer/Carbon Nanofiller Blends (2007)

To reduce weight and increase the mobility, comfort, and performance of future spacesuits, flexible, thermally conductive fabrics and plastic tubes are needed for the Liquid Cooling and Ventilation Garment. Such improvements would allow astronauts to operate more efficiently and safely for extended extravehicular activities. As an approach to raise the thermal conductivity (TC) of an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (Elvax(TM)260), it was compounded with three types of carbon based nanofillers: multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), vapor grown carbon nanofibers (CNFs), and expanded graphite (EG). In addition, other nanofillers including metallized CNFs, nickel nanostrands, boron nitride, and powdered aluminum were also compounded with Elvax(TM) 260 in the melt at various loading levels. In an attempt to improve compatibility between Elvax 260 and the nanofillers, MWCNTs and EG were modified by surface coating and through noncovalent and covalent attachment of organic molecules containing alkyl groups. Ribbons of the nanocomposites were extruded to form samples in which the nanofillers were aligned in the direction of flow. Samples were also fabricated by compression molding to yield nanocomposites in which the nanofillers were randomly oriented. Mechanical properties of the aligned samples were determined by tensile testing while the degree of dispersion and alignment of nanoparticles were investigated using high-resolution scanning electron microscopy. TC measurements were performed using a laser flash (Nanoflash(TM)) technique. TC of the samples was measured in the direction of, and perpendicular to, the alignment direction. Additionally, tubing was also extruded from select nanocomposite compositions and the TC and mechanical flexibility measured.
Quick detection of difficult bugs for effective post-silicon validation (2012)

We present a new technique for systematically creating postsilicon validation tests that quickly detect bugs in processor cores and uncore components (cache controllers, memory controllers, on-chip networks) of multi-core System on Chips (SoCs). Such quick detection is essential because long error detection latency, the time elapsed between the occurrence of an error due to a bug and its manifestation as an observable failure, severely limits the effectiveness of existing post-silicon validation approaches. In addition, we provide a list of realistic bug scenarios abstracted from "difficult" bugs that occurred in commercial multi-core SoCs. Our results for an OpenSPARC T2-like multi-core SoC demonstrate: 1. Error detection latencies of "typical" post-silicon validation tests can be very long, up to billions of clock cycles, especially for bugs in uncore components. 2. Our new technique shortens error detection latencies by several orders of magnitude to only a few hundred cycles for most bug scenarios. 3. Our new technique enables 2-fold increase in bug coverage. An important feature of our technique is its software-only implementation without any hardware modification. Hence, it is readily applicable to existing designs.
Quality Evaluation of Pinto Beans and Green Beans Canned in Two Large Reusable Containers (2003)

ABSTRACT: As an alternative to standard metal cans, 2 large‐scale, reusable containers were constructed with volumetric capacities 3.6 to 3.8 times greater and process times 1.36 to 2.05 times longer than a nr 10 can. Effects of increased process time on product quality were measured by conducting objective color and texture evaluations on green beans and pinto beans canned in both containers. Green beans and pinto beans had comparable texture profiles to beans processed conventionally in nr 10 cans. The color of green beans also was comparable; the color of pinto beans was darker, possibly due to contact with the metal container. Color and texture differences were minimal between inner and outer product layers.
Recent developments in targeted therapy and drug discovery (2014)

がんの基礎研究の発展により分子標的治療薬という新規の抗がん薬が開発されてきている．こうした抗がん薬はがん細胞で変化している分子標的をターゲットにしているので副作用が少ないという重要な利点がある．最近では変異B-RafをターゲットにしたVemurafenibというメラノーマに対する分子標的薬が臨床検査で活期的な効果を示している．しかしながら抗がん薬に耐性のメラノーマの出現が見られるという問題点が明らかになってきている．耐性のメカニズムはいくつかわかってきているが，その一つとして注目を浴びているのがRASの活性化である．RASが活性化されるとB-RAFでなくC-RAFを活性化するバイパスの機構が働く．それではRASを阻害することができるであろうか．今までいくつかのアプローチがとられ，最近新しいRAS阻害薬がいくつか報告されている．私たちはRASの細胞膜付加を阻害するアプローチを取っている．UCLAでGGTIという化合物をスクリーニングで同定し，現在FTIとコンビネーションでK-Ras，N-Rasの活性化を抑える方法を検討中である．また分子標的治療薬をさらに効果的にする方法として，ナノ粒子を用いてがんにターゲットすることが考えられる．これは最近のナノメディシンの分野の発展により可能になってきている．今後は抗がん薬の創薬とナノメディシンの分野は相互に影響しあうことにより，次世代のがん治療が展開してくると考えられる．
Room-temperature operation of c-plane GaN vertical cavity surface emitting laser on conductive nanoporous distributed Bragg reflector (2020)

Technological feasibility of III-nitride vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) has been hindered by the lack of an electrically conductive, easily manufacturable, wide reflection stop band distributed Bragg reflector (DBR). Here, we present the first electrically injected III-nitride VCSEL on an electrically conductive DBR using nanoporous (NP) GaN. The measured threshold current density and the maximum light output power were 42 kA/cm2 and 0.17 mW, respectively, at 434 nm. Vertical injection was demonstrated and showed no deterioration in the threshold current density or slope efficiency, demonstrating the feasibility of vertical injection in NP GaN VCSELs. Filamentary lasing was observed, and its effect on the slope efficiency and the lasing linewidth is studied. Initial measurements showing the correlation between the measured high threshold current density and surface undulations are presented and discussed.
Functional characterization of prostaglandin transporter and terminal prostaglandin synthases during decidualization of human endometrial stromal cells (2005)

The higher uptake of PG by decidual cells is highly likely to be mediated via hPGT. PGT is a newly identified regulator of PG action at the cellular level and likely contributes to the regulation of PG action in female reproductive processes.
k-Space tomography for spatial-spectral monitoring in cellular networks (2017)

A technique for the spatial-spectral analysis of the cellular environment by performing a near real-time imaging of k-space is presented. The system uses a random spatial-spectral dispersion map from an optically-upconverted RF phased array receiver and tomographic reconstruction techniques to recover the cellular source scene. While spatial dispersion is inherent to phased array antennas, temporal dispersion is introduced by randomizing the fiber length for each up-converted antenna element, which contains the received RF signal as a sideband on an optical carrier. Each fiber is routed into a common fiber bundle where the filtered RF-sidebands are launched into free space, expand and overlap. The resulting complex superposition produces an interference pattern unique to a given RF source location and frequency, which is used to recover the spatial direction and frequency of each source in the cellular environment. We present the theory of operation and experimental results of this approach.
Abstract 246: Echo Particle Image Velocimetry Generates Wall Shear Stress Biomarkers with Higher Accuracy than Doppler: Clinical Studies on 24 Healthy and 12 Tia Subjects (2013)

Wall shear stress (WSS) is an important modulator of vascular disease. We assessed the hypothesis that WSS profiles derived from Echo Particle Image Velocimetry (EchoPIV) are characteristic of vascular conditions such as TIA with superior accuracy to Doppler. We obtained ultrasound images of CCA from 24 healthy and 12 TIA subjects. Doppler provided centerline peak velocity and WSS estimate based on parabolic velocity distribution. Velocity profiles measured by EchoPIV varied from patient to patient and within the cardiac cycle. Curve-fitting to a power law function with an exponent term (n-value) showed that in healthy carotid arteries, a blunt velocity profile is present during systole with an average n-value of 5, whereas during diastole a more parabolic profile with an n-value of 2 is present. Therefore, assuming a fully parabolic velocity distribution for WSS estimation, the basis for Doppler velocimetry, introduces a mean error of 48% during diastole and 98% during systole. EchoPIV offers characterization of WSS profiles; time waveform analysis revealed smoother and fewer number of peaks per cycle for healthy and increased flow pulsatality (reverberations) for TIA (Figure). Echo PIV generated means for phase averaged peak velocity (27.95 vs 16.13 cm/s), WSS (6.45 vs 4.65 Dynes/cm2) and flow rate (0.3179 vs 0.2215 L/min) with standard deviations 3.66 vs 2.35, 2.8 vs 1.74 and 0.0723 vs 0.0744 were significantly different between healthy and TIA subjects respectively (all p &lt; 0.01). Direct measurement of the velocity profile using Echo PIV provides superior estimates of WSS in carotid vessels. TIA populations have compromised hemodynamic variables compared to healthy subjects.
Fatty acid circuit as a physiological mechanism of uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation (1991)

Free fatty acids, natural uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation, are shown to differ from artificial ones in that they fail to increase conductance of phospholipid bilayers which are permeable for the protonated form of fatty acids but impermeable for their anionic form. Recent studies have revealed that uncoupling by fatty acids in mitochondria is mediated by the ATP/ADP antiporter and, in brown fat, by thermogenin which is structurally very similar to the antiporter. It is suggested that both the ATP/ADP antiporter and thermogenin facilitate translocation of the fatty anions through the mitochondrial membrane.
Synthesis, characterisation, and catalytic evaluation of hierarchical faujasite zeolites: milestones, challenges, and future directions (2015)

Correction for 'Synthesis, characterisation, and catalytic evaluation of hierarchical faujasite zeolites: milestones, challenges, and future directions' by D. Verboekend et al., Chem. Soc. Rev., 2015, DOI: .
Assessing the Human Gut Microbiota in Metabolic Diseases (2013)

Recent findings have demonstrated that the gut microbiome complements our human genome with at least 100-fold more genes. In contrast to our Homo sapiens-derived genes, the microbiome is much more plastic, and its composition changes with age and diet, among other factors. An altered gut microbiota has been associated with several diseases, including obesity and diabetes, but the mechanisms involved remain elusive. Here we discuss factors that affect the gut microbiome, how the gut microbiome may contribute to metabolic diseases, and how to study the gut microbiome. Next-generation sequencing and development of software packages have led to the development of large-scale sequencing efforts to catalog the human microbiome. Furthermore, the use of genetically engineered gnotobiotic mouse models may increase our understanding of mechanisms by which the gut microbiome modulates host metabolism. A combination of classical microbiology, sequencing, and animal experiments may provide further insights into how the gut microbiota affect host metabolism and physiology.
Patterns of care for malignant pleural mesothelioma patients compensated by the Dust Diseases Board in New South Wales, Australia (2012)

Survival and treatment utilisation was not significantly different between MPM patients living in major cities and regional NSW, except for a higher rate of EPP in patients in regional NSW.
Mécanique des chaussées Béton sur grave-bitume, étude de la tenue du collage entre béton et enrobé sur chaussée expérimentale (1re partie) (2006)

National audience
OS9-9 Research on compound measurement system for gas-liquid two-phase flow measurement (2006)

To measure the main parameter of the gas-liquid two-phase flow at the same time, the compound measurement system was developed. The compound measurement system is composed of Ultrasonic Time-Domain Correlation method (UTDC), Wire Mesh Tomography (WMT), and Digital Image Processing (DIP). UTDC and high-speed camera were introduced for a more detailed measurement of the gas-liquid two-phase flow. As a result, the monitor of the gas-liquid two-phase flow became possible. The bubbly flow adapts the compound measurement system in this research. Furthermore, the each parameter effects for bubbly flow structures are clarified using the compound measurement system.
Figure S1, Figure S2, Figure S4, Table S1, Table S2, Table S3 from Differential Effects of Clinically Relevant N- versus C-Terminal Truncating CDKN1A Mutations on Cisplatin Sensitivity in Bladder Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure S1. A. sg12 successfully edited the CDKN1A gene in SW780 with high efficiency; chromatogram shows deletion of an adenine (A). B. Histograms from TIDE analysis of single-cell clones showed that the clones have largely homogeneous populations. Figure S2. Cisplatin sensitivity was assessed in SW780 CRISPR clones 24h after a 3h pulse dose. Increased PARP cleavage (a marker of apoptosis) was observed in three p21-deficient sg12 clones compared to sgGFP. Figure S3: see separate document. Figure S4. TCC cell lines harboring p53 mutations differentially regulate p21 after cisplatin treatment (10 µM 3-hour pulse dose) Table S1: Primary antibodies used Table S2: Secondary antibodies used Table S3: sgRNA and flanking primer sequences&lt;/p&gt;
Compound Helicopter X3 in High-Speed Flight: Correlation of Simulation and Flight Test (2019)

This work presents the correlation of simulation results and flight test data for a high-speed (V =220kts), high advance ratio (μ &gt; 0.5) flight of the compound helicopter X3. The simulation tool chain consists of state-of-the-art coupling between the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code FLOWer and the comprehensive analysis (CA) tool HOST. By applying a free-flight trim procedure, the experimental flight state is accurately represented in the simulation. The deviations of most trim controls is below 1° and the maximum deviation is less than 1.4°. The analysis of the high fidelity CFD results illustrates key features of the flow physics at this high advance ratio, such as wake interactions, reverse flow and advancing side loading. The correlation of rotor dynamics data between simulation and flight test is favorable. Good accordance is demonstrated for flap bending moments, torsion moments and pitch link loads. In contrast, the correlation is weaker for the chord bending moments for which it is shown that the interblade damper and drive train model mostly determine the structural loads.
Floración sin Vernalización en Canola de Invierno (Brassica napus): uso del silenciamiento inducido por virus (VIGS) para acelerar la ganancia genética (2014)

Ciclos de reproducción cortos y la oportunidad de incrementar la ganancia genética, junto con el estudio de las bases moleculares de la vernalización, son áreas esenciales de investigación dentro de la biología de plantas. Varios métodos se han empleado para lograr el silenciamiento génico en plantas, pero ninguno reportado a la fecha para canola (Brassica napus), y en particular para inducir la floración sin vernalización en líneas de invierno a través del uso de secuencias sentido de DNA en vectores diseñados para el silenciamiento génico inducido por virus (VIGS). La presente investigación provee los métodos para transitoriamente regular a la baja, por medio de VIGS, genes de la vernalización en plantas anuales de invierno, específicamente la familia de genes de Flowering Locus C (FLC) en canola de invierno (BnFLC1 a BnFLC5). La regulación a la baja de estos genes permite a las plantas anuales de invierno florecer sin vernalización y, consecuentemente, provee los medios para acelerar la ganancia genética. El sistema de silenciamiento propuesto puede ser utilizado para regular a la baja familias de genes, para determinar la función génica, y para inducir la floración sin la vernalización en líneas de invierno tanto del género Brassica como de muchos cultivos importantes de invierno.
How to Train Your Browser (2016)

Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) is one of the most common web application vulnerabilities. It is therefore sometimes referred to as the “buffer overflow of the web.” Drawing a parallel from the current state of practice in preventing unauthorized native code execution (the typical goal in a code injection), we propose a script whitelisting approach to tame JavaScript-driven XSS attacks. Our scheme involves a transparent script interception layer placed in the browser’s JavaScript engine. This layer is designed to detect every script that reaches the browser, from every possible route, and compare it to a list of valid scripts for the site or page being accessed; scripts not on the list are prevented from executing. To avoid the false positives caused by minor syntactic changes (e.g., due to dynamic code generation), our layer uses the concept of contextual fingerprints when comparing scripts. Contextual fingerprints are identifiers that represent specific elements of a script and its execution context. Fingerprints can be easily enriched with new elements, if needed, to enhance the proposed method’s robustness. The list can be populated by the website’s administrators or a trusted third party. To verify our approach, we have developed a prototype and tested it successfully against an extensive array of attacks that were performed on more than 50 real-world vulnerable web applications. We measured the browsing performance overhead of the proposed solution on eight websites that make heavy use of JavaScript. Our mechanism imposed an average overhead of 11.1% on the execution time of the JavaScript engine. When measured as part of a full browsing session, and for all tested websites, the overhead introduced by our layer was less than 0.05%. When script elements are altered or new scripts are added on the server side, a new fingerprint generation phase is required. To examine the temporal aspect of contextual fingerprints, we performed a short-term and a long-term experiment based on the same websites. The former, showed that in a short period of time (10 days), for seven of eight websites, the majority of valid fingerprints stay the same (more than 92% on average). The latter, though, indicated that, in the long run, the number of fingerprints that do not change is reduced. Both experiments can be seen as one of the first attempts to study the feasibility of a whitelisting approach for the web.
APPLICATION OF RADIATION-ENHANCED DIFFUSION TO MICROWAVE TRANSISTOR FABRICATIONS AND ITS DESIGN OPTIMIZATIONS. (1972)

Yellow fever (YF) remains a serious public health threat in endemic countries. The recent re-emergence in Africa, initiating in Angola and spreading to Democratic Republic of Congo and Uganda, with imported cases in China and Kenya is of concern. There is such a shortage of YF vaccine in the world that the World Health Organization has proposed the use of reduced doses (1/5) during emergencies. In this short communication, we discuss these and other problems including the risk of spread of YF to areas free of YF for decades or never before affected by this arbovirus disease.
A Computationally Designed Rh(I)-Catalyzed Two-Component [5+2+1] Cycloaddition of Ene-vinylcyclopropanes and CO for the Synthesis of Cyclooctenones (2007)

Through the combined use of computational (density functional theory) and experimental studies, a new [Rh(CO)2Cl]2 catalyzed two-component [5+2+1] cycloaddition of ene-vinylcyclopropanes and CO for the synthesis of fused bicyclic cyclooctenones has been designed and experimentally realized. The key point behind this design is to turn a disfavored reductive elimination of (sp3)C−Rh−C(sp3) to an easier migratory reductive elimination of (sp3)C−Rh−CO−C(sp3) by the introduction of CO. These reactions proceed in good yields for substrates with various tether types and substituents, providing a flexible, convenient, efficient, and stereocontrolled method for the construction of bicyclic cyclooctenones.