gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of buck-boost converter inductor loss using a simple online B-H curve tracer (2002)

A simple method to plot online B-H curves and calculate the core loss of the inductor in a conventional buck-boost power converter is developed. In order to obtain a reliable loss data, measurement error and phase shift error are analyzed and then quantified. A new method to minimize measurement error is given. A new core loss model in terms of switching duty cycle is presented. This model predicts variation of core loss of an inductor operating in various conditions in a switching converter. This inductor model can be generalized to inductors in other switching converter topologies.
Luminescence and Raman Detection of Molecular Cl2 and ClClO Molecules in Amorphous SiO2 Matrix (2017)

Chlorine is a common undesirable impurity in synthetic SiO2 glass for ultraviolet optics and optical fibers. It is usually incorporated into glass as bound Si–Cl groups or interstitial Cl2 molecules. We report a high-sensitivity detection of Cl2 in amorphous SiO2 (a-SiO2) by photoluminescence (PL) and also by Raman spectroscopy. The Cl2 PL emission band at 1.22 eV (1016 nm) appears at T < 160 K and shows a characteristic vibronic progression with separations ≈(520–540) cm–1 and an average lifetime of ≈5 ms at 13 K. Its excitation spectrum coincides with the shape of the 3.78 eV (328 nm) optical absorption band of Cl2 in a-SiO2, corresponding to the X → A 1Πu transition to repulsive excited state. Direct X → a singlet-to-triplet excitation was also observed at 2.33 eV (532 nm). Cl2 PL may serve as a sensitive and selective tool for monitoring Cl impurities and their reactions in a-SiO2. A Raman band of Cl2 is found at 546 cm–1. Cl2 photodissociation at energies up to 4.66 eV (266 nm) was not detected, pointing to a strong cage effect in a-SiO2 matrix. However, 7.9 eV (157 nm) photolysis of interstitial O2 molecules gives rise to a Raman band at 954 cm–1, indicating a formation of dichlorine monoxide isomer, ClClO molecule by reaction of O atoms with interstitial Cl2.
Impact of intraventricular septal fiber orientation on cardiac electromechanical function (2022)

Cardiac fiber direction is an important factor determining the propagation of electrical activity, as well as the development of mechanical force. In this article, we imaged the ventricles of several species with special attention to the intraventricular septum to determine the functional consequences of septal fiber organization. First, we identified a dual-layer organization of the fiber orientation in the intraventricular septum of ex vivo sheep hearts using diffusion tensor imaging at high field MRI. To expand the scope of the results, we investigated the presence of a similar fiber organization in five mammalian species (rat, canine, pig, sheep, and human) and highlighted the continuity of the layer with the moderator band in large mammalian species. We implemented the measured septal fiber fields in three-dimensional electromechanical computer models to assess the impact of the fiber orientation. The downward fibers produced a diamond activation pattern superficially in the right ventricle. Electromechanically, there was very little change in pressure volume loops although the stress distribution was altered. In conclusion, we clarified that the right ventricular septum has a downwardly directed superficial layer in larger mammalian species, which can have modest effects on stress distribution.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> A dual-layer organization of the fiber orientation in the intraventricular septum was identified in ex vivo hearts of large mammals. The RV septum has a downwardly directed superficial layer that is continuous with the moderator band. Electrically, it produced a diamond activation pattern. Electromechanically, little change in pressure volume loops were noticed but stress distribution was altered. Fiber distribution derived from diffusion tensor imaging should be considered for an accurate strain and stress analysis.
Writing of high-density patterned perpendicular media with a conventional longitudinal recording head (2002)

We have fabricated arrays of magnetic islands in perpendicular CoCrPt media with ∼100 nm lateral dimension using a focused ion beam. A quasistatic write/read tester was used to study aspects of the recording physics of these patterned media. We present results on the variation of the readback signal as the phase of the written square wave changes with respect to the patterned array as a function of island size and write current. Using an analytic near-field expression for head field we are able to model how the observed dependence between phase shift and readback signal as a function of write current arises. This analysis allows us to gain an insight into the role of the island switching field distribution and the write head magnetic field gradient in the patterned media writing process.
Effect of surface finish on the flexural strength of feldspathic and aluminous dental ceramics. (1995)

The effects of surface finish on flexural strength of a feldspathic porcelain, aluminous porcelain, and a computer aided design-computer aided machining porcelain (Vitabloc MKI) were examined. A total of 105 bars of the feldspathic ceramic were made, randomly divided into seven groups, and sintered according to manufacturer's recommendations. The groups consisted of as-fired, self-glazed, overglazed, ground, polished, ground/annealed, and polished/annealed. A total of 45 bars of the aluminous ceramic and Vitabloc MKI were made and randomly divided into three groups: as-fired, ground, and polished. Overglazing, grinding, and polishing all significantly increased (P < .05) the flexural strength (four-point-bend test) of the tested materials (15% to 30%).
Asymmetric scatter kernels for software-based scatter correction of gridless mammography (2015)

Scattered radiation remains one of the primary challenges for digital mammography, resulting in decreased image contrast and visualization of key features. While anti-scatter grids are commonly used to reduce scattered radiation in digital mammography, they are an incomplete solution that can add radiation dose, cost, and complexity. Instead, a software-based scatter correction method utilizing asymmetric scatter kernels is developed and evaluated in this work, which improves upon conventional symmetric kernels by adapting to local variations in object thickness and attenuation that result from the heterogeneous nature of breast tissue. This fast adaptive scatter kernel superposition (fASKS) method was applied to mammography by generating scatter kernels specific to the object size, x-ray energy, and system geometry of the projection data. The method was first validated with Monte Carlo simulation of a statistically-defined digital breast phantom, which was followed by initial validation on phantom studies conducted on a clinical mammography system. Results from the Monte Carlo simulation demonstrate excellent agreement between the estimated and true scatter signal, resulting in accurate scatter correction and recovery of 87% of the image contrast originally lost to scatter. Additionally, the asymmetric kernel provided more accurate scatter correction than the conventional symmetric kernel, especially at the edge of the breast. Results from the phantom studies on a clinical system further validate the ability of the asymmetric kernel correction method to accurately subtract the scatter signal and improve image quality. In conclusion, software-based scatter correction for mammography is a promising alternative to hardware-based approaches such as anti-scatter grids.
Adrenomedullin is a Novel Marker of Tumor Progression in Neuroendocrine Carcinomas (2006)

Adrenomedullin is a multi-functional polypeptide hormone. Its involvement in angiogenesis and vasodilator action support the hypothesis that adrenomedullin may be a secretory product of neuroendocrine tumors and contribute to tumor progression. Plasma levels of adrenomedullin were measured by radioimmunoassay in 46 patients with neuroendocrine carcinomas of the gastroenteropancreatic and bronchial system. Tissue expression of adrenomedullin was studied using monoclonal antibodies on pretreated paraffin embedded tissues in a group of 31 patients. Adrenomedullin plasma levels were significantly elevated in patients compared to healthy age-matched controls (p < 0.001). The highest plasma levels were found in patients with neuroendocrine carcinomas of bronchial, midgut and unknown origin. Patients with progressive disease had higher plasma levels than patients with stable disease (p < 0.001). Of the examined tumor samples, 55 % showed cytoplasmic staining for adrenomedullin > 5 % of the total tumor area. Plasma levels and tissue expression of adrenomedullin did not correlate with functional activity of the tumors or presence of the carcinoid syndrome, but did with tumor progression (p < 0.001 and p < 0.014). In conclusion, plasma and tissue expression of the angiogenic peptide adrenomedullin are predictive of tumor progression in patients with neuroendocrine carcinomas. Adrenomedullin might represent a useful prognostic marker in patients with neuroendocrine carcinomas.
Silicon nanowire coupled micro-resonators (2008)

This paper describes a microelectromechanical resonator interface to a nanomechanical structure. Our approach to microresonator-nanowire integration employs silicon nanowires as mechanical tuning elements, which perturb the frequency response of the resonator system. Two coupling configurations were designed and tested, the first with a nanowire beam coupled to the maximum displacement points of clamped-clamped microresonators and the second with a coupling beam attached 1.5 mum away from the anchors of the bending mode resonators. A focused-ion-beam (FIB) tool was used to tune the frequency response of the coupled systems. Finally a nanowire coupled bandpass filter with a 3 dB bandwidth about 120 kHz at 17.9 MHz was demonstrated.
Leakage control and tolerance challenges for sub-0.1μm microprocessor circuits (2001)

No abstract available.
An MDRE approach to promoting students' learning performances in the era of the pandemic: A quasi‐experimental design (2022)

Educators have indicated the need to foster students' ability to solve problems by acquiring up-to-date knowledge as well as promoting their competences for making decisions from diverse perspectives based on the acquired knowledge. Traditional courses mainly use lecture-based instruction without providing sufficient opportunities for students to practice and interact with the teacher; therefore, it is difficult to deliver such up-to-date knowledge via traditional instruction, not to mention fostering students' critical thinking. In this study, the Mobile technology-supported Decision, Reflection and Exercise (MDRE) model is proposed to address this problem. Moreover, a learning system is developed based on the proposed approach. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, a quasi-experiment was conducted in a university with a two-group pretest posttest design to assess participants' learning achievement, critical thinking and learning satisfaction. The participants were two classes of undergraduate students. One class with 37 students was the experimental group learning with the MDRE learning approach, whereas the other class with 37 students was the control group learning with the conventional technology-based learning approach. Analysis of covariance was performed to evaluate the effect of the intervention on the target outcomes. It was found that the experimental group showed better learning achievement, critical thinking and learning satisfaction than the control group. This implies that the MDRE approach has good potential in helping learners think from diverse perspectives and promoting their learning performance and engagement, which is important in higher education aimed at fostering students' competence of acquiring up-to-date knowledge for solving problems.
Intramolecular oxidative phenol coupling. A new method (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIntramolecular oxidative phenol coupling. A new methodMartin Alan Schwartz, Robert A. Holton, and Steven W. ScottCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1969, 91, 10, 2800Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01038a073https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01038a073research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views441Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of the histamine H3 receptor antagonist, ABT‐288, in healthy young adults and elderly volunteers (2012)

Based on the above results, 1 and 3 mg once-daily doses of ABT-288 were advanced to phase 2 evaluation in Alzheimer's patients.
A NOVEL NAD:ARGININE:ADP-RIBOSYLTRANSFERASE FROM NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS (2001)

Mono ADP-ribosylation is catalyzed by ADP-ribosyltransferases (mADPRTs) that transfer a single residue of ADP-ribose (ADPR) from NAD to specific amino acids of selected proteins with the simultaneous release of the nicotinamide (nam) moiety. This reaction was initially discovered as the mechanism by which diptheria toxin blocks eukaryotic protein synthesis. A number of other potent bacterial toxins produced by B. pertussis, C. botulinum, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, B. cereus, and V. cholerae were shown to alter host functions by ADP-ribosylating diphtamide, arginine, cysteine and asparagine residues of target proteins involved in critical metabolic or regulatory pathways. Database search in the recently sequenced genome of Neisseria meningitidis (serogroup B, strain MC58) performed using a PSI-BLAST has evidenced an ORF with significant sequence similarity to known prokaryotic and eukaryotic mADPRTs that we named NM-ADPRT. The overall sequence identity with heat-labile enterotoxin from E. Coli is 29.6% and 26.8% with cholera toxin. The homology is mostly restricted to the domains corresponding to the catalytic cleft. In particular the three residues that have been shown to be crucial for ADPRT activity in bacterial toxins like Arg in domain 1 Ser in domain 2 and Glu in domain 3, are also conserved in NM-ADPRT (R7, S70, and E120). Moreover, this transferase shows a biglutamic acid motif typical for arginine specific transferase and NAD-glycohydrolase (E118-X-E12o). To verify whether the NM-ADPRT exerted the predicted enzymatic activities we cloned it in a T7-based plasmid with a His6-tag at the carboxy terminus. The purification of the protein through metal chelate affinity chromatography resulted in a single polypeptide of 20 kDa under SDS-PAGE. This purified NM-ADPRT was shown to utilize the guanidine group of agmatine, a modified arginine, as ADP-ribose acceptor producing ADP-ribosylagmatine at a rate of 6.7± 0.87nmoles hr-1. NM-ADPRT was also able to release nam from NAD at a rate of 8.5 ± 0.35nmoles hr-1 showing NAD-glycohydrolase activity.
Dynamic Cross-Linking Effect of Mg2+ To Enhance Sieving Properties of Low-Viscosity Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) Solutions for Microchip Electrophoresis of Proteins (2007)

We report a dynamic cross-linking effect of Mg2+ that enhances the sieving properties of low-viscosity poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) solutions. A low-viscosity PVP solution was applied to nondenaturing microchip electrophoresis of protein samples using microchips made of poly(methyl methacrylate). The separation resolution of nondenatured protein markers in 1.8% PVP solution was improved by adding 1-20 mM MgCl2. We studied the effect of the ratio of cross-linking agent on mobility of protein samples and showed that protein retardation (ln micro/micro0) is correlated with the ratio of cross-linking agent to PVP ([cMg2+/cPVP]) as ln micro/micro0=A'[cMg2+/cPVP]b'. A' was related to the protein radius (R), and b' was found to be 0.72 for proteins with R=2.4 nm and 0.82 for proteins with R=1.85 nm. A structural study of PVP in semidilute solutions using dynamic light scattering showed that incremental increases of Mg2+ ion concentration from 5 to 20 mM in 1.8% PVP solution increased the hydrodynamic radius of PVP polymers by 20%.
Abstract B114: Progesterone receptor membrane component 1 is a candidate key molecule involved EGFR-TKI resistance in lung adenocarcinoma (2019)

Abstract To overcome the resistance of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) in non-small cell lung cancer, the mechanism clarification and novel molecular target development are urgently required. From this viewpoint, we previously identified by proteomics analysis progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1) as a new candidate target of EGFR-TKI resistance. However, the detailed mechanism of PGRMC1 in acquired resistance to EGFR-TKI is still obscure. In this study, we investigated the role and mechanism of PGRMC1 in EGFR-TKI resistance. First, to understand the significance of PGRMC1 in EGFR-TKI resistance, PC9/ER, which was constructed with increasing concentration erlotinib for 6 months and required resistance to erlotinib with PGRMC1 up-regulated, and its parental cell line PC9 were used. The wst-8 assay was executed after PGRMC1 inhibitor (AG-205) was treated to cells. The results showed that, compared to PC9 treated with AG-205, PC9/ER showed a significant reduction in viability with AG-205 treatment. Since AG-205 was reported to inhibit PGRMC1-heme complex formation and the ferrous from liberated heme could induce the ferroptosis, we detected the intracellular ferrous by ferroOrange when cells were treated with AG-205. Although PC9/ER showed lower ferrous than PC9, both cells showed induction of free ferrous when treated with AG-205. In the meantime, we measured the viability of two cells when treated by erastin and hemin, which are ferroptosis activators. Similar results to AG-205 were showed in PC9/ER with activators, which had lower viability than PC9 with activators. Since the side effect from high dosage treatment usually, not only the single treatment of AG-205, but low dosage co-treatment of AG-205 and erlotinib was also evaluated. Compared with PC9, which showed little variation in combination treatment, co-treatment in PC9/ER showed significant reductions in viability. Besides, immunofluorescence showed the ferrous decreased when erlotinib was treated and then increased when AG-205 was further added. These results showed that PGRMC1 might reduce ferroptosis and lead to erlotinib resistance. Collectively, these findings suggest important roles of ferroptosis reduction by PGRMC1 in erlotinib resistance. Since the single or co-treatment showed a significant efficiency, PGRMC1 might provide a new therapeutic target for lung adenocarcinoma. Citation Format: Ying LIN, Kazuma HIGASHISAKA, Sachiyo HANAMURO, Kohei IZUSAWA, Hiroto KONISHI, Yuya HAGA, Lili YANG, Hirofumi TSUJINO, Kazuya NAGANO, Yasuo TSUTSUMI. Progesterone receptor membrane component 1 is a candidate key molecule involved EGFR-TKI resistance in lung adenocarcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference on Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2019 Oct 26-30; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2019;18(12 Suppl):Abstract nr B114. doi:10.1158/1535-7163.TARG-19-B114
Modified Release (2016)

This Glossary of Terms Related to Pharmaceutics is needed by practitioners in the field of pharmaceutics as this field fulfills an important and crucial role, different from the roles of other scientific disciplines involved in the drugmaking process. The glossary contains 168 definitions used in pharmaceutics. These are related to various aspects of this discipline, such as: (1) physicochemical characterization of pharmaceutical preparations and the active ingredients they contain; (2) unit operations used in the practice of pharmaceutics; (3) terms related to the various dosage forms; (4) terms related to the various modes and routes of drug delivery; (5) terms used in pharmacokinetics and biopharmaceutics in general; and additional miscellaneous terms. The field of pharmaceutics itself is of a multidisciplinary nature as its practitioners come from a variety of disciplines, such as chemistry or various biological sciences, thus a glossary containing authoritative definitions would be useful for them. The terms used in pharmaceutics are rarely covered by existing glossaries, and in the cases they are, their definitions are often inappropriate for the field of pharmaceutics and require new or modified definitions to better fit the new context.
Dexamethasone-Loaded, PEGylated, Vertically Aligned, Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes for Potential Ischemic Stroke Intervention (2018)

The complete synthesis, optimization, purification, functionalization and evaluation of vertically aligned multiwalled carbon nanotubes (VA-MWCNTs) was reported for potential application in dexamethasone delivery to the ischemic brain tissue. The conditions for high yield were optimized and carbon nanotubes functionalized and PEGylated prior to dexamethasone loading. Morphological changes were confirmed by SEM and TEM. Addition of functional groups to MWCNTs was demonstrated by FTIR. Thermal stability reduced following MWCNTs functionalization as demonstrated in TGA. The presence of carbon at 2θ of 25° and iron at 2θ of 45° in MWCNTs was illustrated by XRD. Polydispersive index and zeta potential were found to be 0.261 and −15.0 mV, respectively. Dexamethasone release increased by 55%, 65% and 95% in pH of 7.4, 6.5 and 5.5 respectively as evaluated by UV-VIS. The functionalized VA-MWCNTs were demonstrated to be less toxic in PC-12 cells in the concentration range from 20 to 20,000 µg/mL. These findings have demonstrated the potential of VA-MWCNTs in the enhancement of fast and prolonged release of dexamethasone which could lead to the effective treatment of ischemic stroke. More work is under way for targeting ischemic sites using atrial natriuretic peptide antibody in stroke rats.
Mammostrat As an Immunohistochemical Multigene Assay for Prediction of Early Relapse Risk in the Tamoxifen Versus Exemestane Adjuvant Multicenter Trial Pathology Study (2012)

The Mammostrat score predicts DRFS for patients treated with exemestane and patients treated with tamoxifen followed by exemestane irrespective of nodal status and chemotherapy. The ability of this test to provide additional outcome data after treatment provides additional evidence of its use in risk stratification of ER-positive postmenopausal patients with breast cancer.