gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental Control of Preparation of Thin Film and Fine Particles by CVD [Translated]<sup>†</sup> (1991)

The formation of TiO2 thin film and fine particles by the thermal decomposition of titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP)vapor was carried out experimentally using a laminar-flow aerosol reactor (LFAR). TTIP vapor and He gas mixture was introduced into a heated pipe in a laminar flow, and the thin films formed and the particles deposited on the pipe wall were observed using an electron microscope under various supplied concentrations of TTIP vapor, reactor temperatures and operating pressure inside the reactor It has been found that the generation of fine particles is enhanced at higher concentration of TTIP vapor, higher reaction temperature and higher pressure, but the formation of thin films is more enhanced lower pressure. The observed trends agreed qualitatively with the simulation results obtained by numerically solving the aerosol dynamic equation where the particle formation was evaluated by a simplified reaction and coagulation model.† This report was originally printed in KAGAKU KOGAKU RONBUNSHU, 16(3), 535-542 (1990) in Japanese, before being translated into English by KONA Editorial Committee with the permission of the editorial committee of the Soc. Chemical Engineers, Japan.
Current-induced magnetization switching at charge-transferred interface between topological insulator (Bi,Sb)2Te3 and van der Waals ferromagnet Fe3GeTe2 (2021)

Ferromagnetic two-dimensional van der Waals materials attract enormous interest as a platform to explore spin-related quantum phenomena, especially in conjunction with other quantum materials. Topological insulator is one such candidate to form the junction, because the spin-polarized nature of the surface or interface Dirac states enables the highly efficient spin-charge conversion. Here, we report the current-driven magnetization switching in the bilayer film of a van der Waals ferromagnetic semimetal Fe3GeTe2 (FGT) and a topological insulator (Bi1−xSbx)2Te3 (BST). We observed the current-induced magnetization switching via the Edelstein effect in a wide temperature range, whose threshold current density is as small as that reported for the heterostructure of FGT with a Pt layer. By analyzing the transport properties in heterostructures with different Fermi level (EF) positions in the BST layer, we found that the EF position of the charge-transferred interface Dirac states causes the significant variation of the threshold current density with a Bi/Sb ratio. The present result may promise spintronic phenomena in heterostructures of 2D van der Waals ferromagnets with topological insulators/semimetals.
Conflicting vascular and metabolic impact of the IL-33/sST2 axis (2018)

Interleukin 33 (IL-33), which is expressed by several immune cell types, endothelial and epithelial cells, and fibroblasts, is a cytokine of the IL-1 family that acts both intra- and extracellularly to either enhance or resolve the inflammatory response. Intracellular IL-33 acts in the nucleus as a regulator of transcription. Once released from cells by mechanical stress, inflammatory cytokines, or necrosis, extracellular IL-33 is proteolytically processed to act in an autocrine/paracrine manner as an 'alarmin' on neighbouring or various immune cells expressing the ST2 receptor. Thus, IL-33 may serve an important role in tissue preservation and repair in response to injury; however, the actions of IL-33 are dampened by a soluble form of ST2 (sST2) that acts as a decoy receptor and is produced by endothelial and certain immune cells. Accumulating evidence supports the conclusion that sST2 is a biomarker of vascular health with diagnostic and/or prognostic value in various cardiovascular diseases, including coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis, giant-cell arteritis, acute aortic dissection, and ischaemic stroke, as well as obesity and diabetes. Although sST2 levels are positively associated with cardiovascular disease severity, the assumption that IL-33 is always beneficial is naïve. It is increasingly appreciated that the pathophysiological importance of IL-33 is highly dependent on cellular and temporal expression. Although IL-33 is atheroprotective and may prevent obesity and type 2 diabetes by regulating lipid metabolism, IL-33 appears to drive endothelial inflammation. Here, we review the current knowledge of the IL-33/ST2/sST2 signalling network and discuss its pathophysiological and translational implications in cardiovascular diseases.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereochemical Course of the Base‐Promoted Aldol Self‐Coupling of Racemic 5‐Norbornen‐2‐one and 2‐Norbornanone. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Network-Guided Discovery of Influenza Virus Replication Host Factors (2018)

The positions of host factors required for viral replication within a human protein-protein interaction (PPI) network can be exploited to identify drug targets that are robust to drug-mediated selective pressure. Host factors can physically interact with viral proteins, be a component of virus-regulated pathways (where proteins do not interact with viral proteins), or be required for viral replication but unregulated by viruses. Here, we demonstrate a method of combining human PPI networks with virus-host PPI data to improve antiviral drug discovery for influenza viruses by identifying target host proteins. Analysis shows that influenza virus proteins physically interact with host proteins in network positions significant for information flow, even after the removal of known abundance-degree bias within PPI data. We have isolated a subnetwork of the human PPI network that connects virus-interacting host proteins to host factors that are important for influenza virus replication without physically interacting with viral proteins. The subnetwork is enriched for signaling and immune processes distinct from those associated with virus-interacting proteins. Selecting proteins based on subnetwork topology, we performed an siRNA screen to determine whether the subnetwork was enriched for virus replication host factors and whether network position within the subnetwork offers an advantage in prioritization of drug targets to control influenza virus replication. We found that the subnetwork is highly enriched for target host proteins-more so than the set of host factors that physically interact with viral proteins. Our findings demonstrate that network positions are a powerful predictor to guide antiviral drug candidate prioritization.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Integrating virus-host interactions with host protein-protein interactions, we have created a method using these established network practices to identify host factors (i.e., proteins) that are likely candidates for antiviral drug targeting. We demonstrate that interaction cascades between host proteins that directly interact with viral proteins and host factors that are important to influenza virus replication are enriched for signaling and immune processes. Additionally, we show that host proteins that interact with viral proteins are in network locations of power. Finally, we demonstrate a new network methodology to predict novel host factors and validate predictions with an siRNA screen. Our results show that integrating virus-host proteins interactions is useful in the identification of antiviral drug target candidates.
Data from E7386, a Selective Inhibitor of the Interaction between β-Catenin and CBP, Exerts Antitumor Activity in Tumor Models with Activated Canonical Wnt Signaling (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays crucial roles in embryonic development and the development of multiple types of cancer, and its aberrant activation provides cancer cells with escape mechanisms from immune checkpoint inhibitors. E7386, an orally active selective inhibitor of the interaction between β-catenin and CREB binding protein, which is part of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, disrupts the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in HEK293 and adenomatous polyposis coli (&lt;i&gt;APC&lt;/i&gt;)-mutated human gastric cancer ECC10 cells. It also inhibited tumor growth in an ECC10 xenograft model and suppressed polyp formation in the intestinal tract of &lt;i&gt;Apc&lt;sup&gt;Min&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;/+&lt;/sup&gt; mice, in which mutation of &lt;i&gt;Apc&lt;/i&gt; activates the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. E7386 demonstrated antitumor activity against mouse mammary tumors developed in mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV)-Wnt1 transgenic mice. Gene expression profiling using RNA sequencing data of MMTV-Wnt1 tumor tissue from mice treated with E7386 showed that E7386 downregulated genes in the hypoxia signaling pathway and immune responses related to the CCL2, and IHC analysis showed that E7386 induced infiltration of CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; cells into tumor tissues. Furthermore, E7386 showed synergistic antitumor activity against MMTV-Wnt1 tumor in combination with anti-PD-1 antibody. In conclusion, E7386 demonstrates clear antitumor activity via modulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and alteration of the tumor and immune microenvironments, and its antitumor activity can be enhanced in combination with anti-PD-1 antibody.&lt;/p&gt;Significance:&lt;p&gt;These findings demonstrate that the novel anticancer agent, E7386, modulates Wnt/β-catenin signaling, altering the tumor immune microenvironment and exhibiting synergistic antitumor activity in combination with anti-PD-1 antibody.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Highly Tolerant and Durable Adhesion between Hydrogels Utilizing Intercalation of Cationic Substituents into Layered Inorganic Compounds (2016)

Adhering hydrogel systems are important particularly in the medical field because they can be used as adhesives cross-linking between living tissues. In this research, hydrogels including cationic substituents prepared via free-radical polymerization were brought into contact after applying an aqueous dispersion of the layered inorganic compound Micromica to their surfaces. As a result, the hydrogels adhered to each other due to the intercalation of cationic substituents included in the gel networks into the interlayers of Micromica. As the water content ratio of hydrogels decreased, the adhesive strength came to be higher, and finally the adhesively bonded joint supported a tensile load of 10 kg. Moreover, it was confirmed that the adhered hydrogels have high tolerance toward various environments, such as high or low temperatures and solvents.
Ultrasound-transmission parameter imaging in a photoacoustic imager (2009)

We present a ‘hybrid’ imaging system, which can image both optical absorption properties and acoustic transmission properties of an object in a two-dimensional slice using a computed tomography photoacoustic imager. The ultrasound transmission measurement method uses a strong absorber of light which is placed in the path of the light illuminating the sample. This acts as a source of ultrasound, whose interaction with the sample can be measured at the far-end of the sample using the same ultrasound detector used for photoacoustics. Such measurements are made at various angles around the sample in a computerized tomography approach. The ultrasound transients at the multi-element detector at all projections are analyzed for both times-of-arrival and amplitude. Using a fan-beam projection reconstruction algorithm we obtain hybrid images of optical absorption, speed-of-sound and acoustic attenuation. We validate the method on an appropriate phantom.
Human plasma proteome analysis by reversed sequence database search and molecular weight correlation based on a bacterial proteome analysis (2006)

Abstract In shotgun proteomics, proteins can be fractionated by 1‐D gel electrophoresis and digested into peptides, followed by liquid chromatography to separate the peptide mixture. Mass spectrometry generates hundreds of thousands of tandem mass spectra from these fractions, and proteins are identified by database searching. However, the search scores are usually not sufficient to distinguish the correct peptides. In this study, we propose a confident protein identification method for high‐throughput analysis of human proteome. To build a filtering protocol in database search, we chose Pseudomonas putida KT2440 as a reference because this bacterial proteome contains fewer modifications and is simpler than the human proteome. First, the P. putida KT2440 proteome was filtered by reversed sequence database search and correlated by the molecular weight in 1‐D‐gel band positions. The characterization protocol was then applied to determine the criteria for clustering of the human plasma proteome into three different groups. This protein filtering method, based on bacterial proteome data analysis, represents a rapid way to generate higher confidence protein list of the human proteome, which includes some of heavily modified and cleaved proteins.
Optimization of a class of linear time-periodic systems: a new approach via transformation to a canonical form (1998)

We address optimization of commutative time-periodic linear systems steered by a single input. In this paper, the time-periodic dynamic equations are transformed to a canonical form, referred to as the higher-order form, such that the states and control inputs can be written as higher derivatives of a single variable. This higher-order form is then used to eliminate the dynamic equations explicitly from the optimization problem. It is shown that for a system with n states and a single input, the optimal solution satisfies a 2n order differential equation in a single variable along with 2n boundary conditions on higher derivatives of this variable split between the two end time. This differential equation can be solved numerically in an efficient way using weighted residual methods. It is also shown here that for a set of problems using this method, closed-form solution is possible. It is impossible to achieve these closed form solutions using conventional methods.
Contact lens induced giant papillary conjunctivitis: a retrospective study. (1989)

In this retrospective epidemiological study, records from the Contact Lens Department of SUNY College of Optometry were randomly selected and reviewed. An association between contact lens induced giant papillary conjunctivitis (GPC) and a FDA classified sub-category was found. Younger patients were shown to have a higher risk of developing GPC. Gender and tear film break-up time were not found to be associated with the condition. The mean replacement time for hydrogels was 10.8 +/- 9.2 months with no significant differences among contact lens polymer types. The GPC phenomenon was almost exclusively bilateral with a mean onset time of 31.4 months after commencing lens wear. A model for the development of GPC based on tear film interactions with the hydrogel lens surface is presented. A model for the tear film's interaction with the hydrogel contact lens in situ is offered.
Crystal Structure of the Pyridinium Salt of the Polymeric Tris(thiocyanato)dicuprate(I) Anion (1979)

The title compound, [C5H6N]+ [Cu2(SCN)3]-, has been prepared and its crystal structure determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction at 295(1) K. Crystals are monoclinic, Cc, a 11.238(7), b 11.644(4), c 10.020(4)?, ß 102.67(3)°, Z 4, the structure being refined to a residual of 0.037 for the 960 'observed' reflections. The structure comprises a three-dimensional network of copper(I) atoms linked by bridging thiocyanate groups, the pyridinium counterions occupying sites in the network cavities. Both copper atoms are four-coordinate, one having an environment of one nitrogen atom [Cu-N, 1.926(9)?] and three sulfur atoms [Cu-S, 2.319(3), 2.421(3), 2.448(3)?], while the other is coordinated by two atoms of each type [Cu-N, 1.935(9), 1.947(10); Cu-S, 2.430(3), 2.493(4) ?].
PAC1 receptor mRNA and protein distribution in rat and human trigeminal and sphenopalatine ganglia, spinal trigeminal nucleus and in dura mater (2018)

Taken together, these data support a role for PAC1 receptors in the trigemino-autonomic system as it relates to headache pathophysiology.
Impact of quicklime reactivity and origin on Autoclaved Aerated Concrete production (2011)

ABSTRACT: Quicklime is a key component of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC), with typical quicklime contents of order 15 wt.% in Europe. It is the mostly used source of calcium oxide that eventually ends up as tobermorite in the ﬁ nal product.In this paper, we describe the research performed at Lhoist in order to assess the in ﬂ uence of quicklime on AAC. Several types of quicklimes were used, differing by their origin and reactivity. They were incorporated together with other ﬁ xed ingredients (cement, quartz,...) in several AAC recipes with ﬁ nal densities ranging from 350 to 550 kg/m 3 , corresponding to the European P2 – 0.35, P2 – 0.4 and P4 – 0.55 classes (EN 771-4).The study consisted ﬁ rst in following the green cake expansion of the different recipes. Then, the green cakes were autoclaved for 10 hours at 11 b ars of steam pressure. The obtained AAC blocks were then tested for compressive strength and density.The study showed that quicklime reactivity had low effect on green cake penetration value. However, quicklime reactivity had a major effect on green cake expansion. Too reactive a quicklime generated a poor pore structure as detected by a fallback effect and a below-speciﬁ cation compressive strength of the low density AAC. Then, quicklime slaking curve was not suf ﬁ cient to anticipate the green cake expansion for a given recipe. Quicklimes with similar reactivity but different origin could had very different behaviour in the AAC. Finally, the behaviour of the too-reactive quicklimes would probably have been easily corrected by decreasing the water temperature.
Solvent-free oxidation of benzyl alcohol using Au–Pd catalysts prepared by sol immobilisation (2009)

We report the preparation of Au-Pd nanocrystalline catalysts supported on TiO(2) and carbon prepared via a sol-immobilisation technique using three different preparation strategies; namely, simultaneous formation of the sols for both metals or initial formation of a seed sol of one of the metals followed by a separate step in which a coating sol of the second metal is added. The catalysts have been structurally characterised using a combination of transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The catalysts have been evaluated for the oxidation of benzyl alcohol under solvent-free conditions. The catalysts prepared using the sol immobilisation technique show higher activity when compared with catalysts prepared by impregnation, particularly as lower metal concentrations can be used. The Au-Pd catalysts were all more active than the corresponding monometallic supported Au or Pd catalysts. For 1 wt% Au-Pd/TiO(2) the order of metal addition in the preparation was not observed to be significant with respect to selectivity or activity. However, the 1 wt% Au-Pd/carbon catalysts are more active but less selective to benzaldehyde than the TiO(2)-supported catalysts when compared at iso-conversion. Furthermore, for the carbon-supported catalyst the order of metal addition has a very marked affect on activity. The carbon-supported catalysts are also more significantly affected by heat treatment, e.g. calcination at 400 degrees C leads to the activity being decreased by an order of magnitude, whereas the TiO(2)-supported catalysts show a 50% decrease in activity. Toluene is observed as a by-product of the reaction and conditions have been identified that minimise its formation. It is proposed that toluene and benzaldehyde are formed by competing parallel reactions of the initial benzyl intermediate via an adsorbed benzylidene species that can either be hydrogenated or oxidised. Hence, conditions that maximise the availability of oxygen on the catalyst surface favour the synthesis of benzaldehyde.
Cerebral blood flow measurement by dynamic contrast MRI using singular value decomposition with an adaptive threshold (1999)

Singular value decomposition (SVD) is a promising deconvolution technique for use in dynamic contrast agent magnetic resonance perfusion imaging. Computer simulations, however, show that the selection of the threshold for SVD affects the accuracy of the cerebral blood flow measurements and may distort the shape of the vascular residue function. In this report, a pixel-by-pixel thresholding method is proposed based on the signal-to-noise ratio of the concentration time curve at maximum concentration (SNRC). Monte Carlo simulations were used to determine the optimal threshold for different SNRC. This technique was used to analyze data from six healthy volunteers, resulting in a mean gray to white matter cerebral blood flow ratio of 2.67 ± 0.07. This value is in excellent agreement with values published in the literature. Magn Reson Med 42:167–172, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Interplay of anionic charge, poly(ethylene glycol), and iodinated tyrosine incorporation within tyrosine‐derived polycarbonates: Effects on vascular smooth muscle cell adhesion, proliferation, and motility (2009)

Regulation of smooth muscle cell adhesion, proliferation, and motility on biomaterials is critical to the performance of blood-contacting implants and vascular tissue engineering scaffolds. The goal of this study was to examine the underlying substrate-smooth muscle cell response relations, using a selection of polymers representative of an expansive library of multifunctional, tyrosine-derived polycarbonates. Three chemical components within the polymer structure were selectively varied through copolymerization: (1) the content of iodinated tyrosine to achieve X-ray visibility; (2) the content of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to decrease protein adsorption and cell adhesivity; and (3) the content of desaminotyrosyl-tyrosine (DT), which regulates the rate of polymer degradation. Using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation, we quantified differential serum protein adsorption behavior because of the chemical components DT, iodinated tyrosine, and PEG: increased PEG content within the polymer structure progressively decreased protein adsorption but the simultaneous presence of both DT and iodinated tyrosine reversed the effects of PEG. The complex interplay of these components was next tested on the adhesion, proliferation, and motility behavior cultured human aortic smooth muscle cells. The incorporation of PEG into the polymer reduced cell attachment, which was reversed in the presence of iodinated tyrosine. Further, we found that as little as 10% DT content was sufficient to negate the PEG effect in polymers containing iodinated tyrosine, whereas in non-iodinated polymers, the PEG effect on cell attachment was reversed. Cross-functional analysis of motility and proliferation revealed divergent substrate chemistry related cell response regimes. For instance, within the series of polymers containing both iodinated tyrosine and 10% of DT, increasing PEG levels lowered smooth muscle cell motility without a change in the rate of cell proliferation. In contrast, for non-iodinated tyrosine and 10% of DT, increasing PEG levels increased cell proliferation significantly while reducing cell motility. Clearly, the polycarbonate polymer library offers a sensitive platform to modulate cell adhesion, proliferation, and motility responses, which, in turn, may have implications for controlling vascular remodeling in vivo. Additionally, our data suggests unique biorelevant properties following the incorporation of iodinated subunits in a polymeric biomaterial as a potential platform for X-ray visible devices.