gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
EFFICACY OF AUXILIARY PARTIAL ORTHOTOPIC LIVER TRANSPLANTATION FOR CURE OF HEMOPHILIA IN A CANINE HEMOPHILIA A MODEL (2004)

P1200 Aims: The cause of hemophilia is deficiency of coagulation factor VIII production in the liver. Long-term replacement therapy and the hazard of viral infection via the factor VIII concentrates deteriorate quality of life. While some trials of gene therapy for hemophilia are ongoing, the results are not satisfactory especially in patients with hemophilia A due to the difficulty of the gene transduction technique. Because the liver function of hemophilia patients is normal except for production of the coagulation factor, auxiliary partial orthotopic liver transplantation (APOLT) may have a benefit that patient survival is secured in case of graft loss by preserving native liver. However, no experimental model of APOLT for metabolic liver diseases has been reported. We established a canine APOLT model and evaluated clinical feasibility and efficacy of APOLT on cure of hemophilia. Methods: We performed 4 experiments of APOLT using normal beagle dogs to establish an experimental model of APOLT. Left lobe partial liver graft was taken from the donor, and was orthotopically transplanted to the recipient after resection of native left lobe preserving native right lobe. Hemodynamic status of the graft and native liver was evaluated on day 7 after APOLT by using a laser doppler method. We breeded beagle dogs with carrier status of hemophilia to obtain hemophilic recipient for APOLT. The offsprings were screened for hemophilia by measuring blood factor VIII levels after birth to select the recipient for canine hemohphila A model. APOLT was performed from the normal donor to the recipient with hemophilia A (factor VIII < 5%). Canine factor VIII concentrate was administered to the recipient to maintain hemostasis during transplantation procedure. Changes in time of blood factor VIII activity in the recipient were observed after APOLT. Tacrolimus was administered at a dose of 0.16mg/kg (i.m.) daily as immunosuppression. Results: Normal beagle recipients showed no atrophy and comparable laser doppler signals of blood flow in both graft and native livers on day 7 after APOLT. In the recipient with hemophilia, the operative bleeding was successfully controlled by replacement with transient exogenous factor VIII. The blood factor VIII activity increased to more than 30% after APOLT and the activity was maintained for 7 weeks. No episode of bleeding was seen during observation. Conclusions: This would be the first report of experimental model of APOLT for metabolic liver disease. Hemodynamic steal phenomenon was not observed at least 7 days after APOLT. Sustained production of factor VIII in the hemophilia beagle dog after APOLT suggested clinical feasibility and efficacy of APOLT as a curative treatment for patients with hemophilia.
A Personalized and Adaptive Insulin Bolus Calculator Based on Double Deep Q- Learning to Improve Type 1 Diabetes Management (2023)

Mealtime insulin dosing is a major challenge for people living with type 1 diabetes (T1D). This task is typically performed using a standard formula that, despite containing some patient-specific parameters, often leads to sub-optimal glucose control due to lack of personalization and adaptation. To overcome the previous limitations here we propose an individualized and adaptive mealtime insulin bolus calculator based on double deep Q-learning (DDQ), which is tailored to the patient thanks to a personalization procedure relying on a two-step learning framework. The DDQ-learning bolus calculator was developed and tested using the UVA/Padova T1D simulator modified to reliably mimic real-world scenarios by introducing multiple variability sources impacting glucose metabolism and technology. The learning phase included a long-term training of eight sub-population models, one for each representative subject, selected thanks to a clustering procedure applied to the training set. Then, for each subject of the testing set, a personalization procedure was performed, by initializing the models based on the cluster to which the patient belongs. We evaluated the effectiveness of the proposed bolus calculator on a 60-day simulation, using several metrics representing the goodness of glycemic control, and comparing the results with the standard guidelines for mealtime insulin dosing. The proposed method improved the time in target range from 68.35% to 70.08% and significantly reduced the time in hypoglycemia (from 8.78% to 4.17%). The overall glycemic risk index decreased from 8.2 to 7.3, indicating the benefit of our method when applied for insulin dosing compared to standard guidelines.
The Anti-MRSA Activity of Phenylthiazoles: A Comprehensive Review (2022)

Antimicrobial resistance is an aggravating global issue therefore it has been under extensive research in an attempt to reduce the number of antibiotics that are constantly reported as obsolete jeopardizing the lives of millions worldwide. Thiazoles possess a reputation as one of the most diverse biologically active nuclei, and phenylthiazoles are no less exceptional with an assorted array of biological activities such as anthelmintic, insecticidal, antimicrobial, antibacterial, and antifungal activity. Recently phenyl thiazoles came under the spotlight as a scaffold having strong potential as an anti-MRSA lead compound. It is a prominent pharmacophore in designing and synthesizing new compounds with antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant bacteria such as MRSA, which is categorized as a serious threat pathogen, that exhibited concomitant resistance to most of the first-line antibiotics. MRSA has been associated with soft tissue and skin infections resulting in high death rates, rapid dissemination, and loss of millions of dollars of additional health care costs. In this brief review, we have focused on the advances of phenylthiazole derivatives as potential anti-MRSA from 2014 to 2021. The review encompasses the effect on biological activity due to combining this molecule with various synthetic pharmacophores. The physicochemical aspects were correlated with the pharmacokinetic properties of the reviewed compounds to reach a structure-activity relationship profile. Lead optimization of phenyl thiazole derivatives has additionally been outlined where the lipophilicity of the compounds was balanced with the metabolic stability and oral solubility to aid the researchers in medicinal chemistry, design, and synthesizing effective anti- MRSA phenylthiazoles in the future.
OR05-06 The Androgen Receptor Is a Tumour Suppressor in Estrogen Receptor Positive Breast Cancer (2020)

Abstract There is strong interest in targeting the androgen receptor (AR) in estrogen receptor (ER) positive breast cancer, but widespread confusion exits as to what therapeutic strategy - agonism or antagonism - is appropriate. Current understanding of AR predominantly stems from the field of prostate cancer, where AR is the key oncogenic driver and therapeutic target. An ensuing assumption is that AR promotes malignancy in breast cancer and should be therapeutically antagonised. However, compelling pre-clinical data to support this assumption is lacking. Since estrogen stimulates and androgen inhibits the development of normal breast tissue, we hypothesized that AR acts as a tumour suppressor in the breast and that AR agonism is the appropriate therapeutic strategy for ER-driven breast cancer. We tested this hypothesis using a large suite of cell line and patient-derived explant (PDE) and xenograft (PDX) models of breast cancer, including those that were resistant to current therapies and those harbouring genomic anomalies of ESR1 associated with treatment-resistant disease. Across the diverse models we found compelling evidence that AR agonism, but not antagonism, potently and durably inhibited tumour growth. A signature of AR activity derived from the xenograft models positively predicted disease survival in multiple large clinical cohorts of ER+ breast cancer, out-performing other breast cancer-specific prognostic signatures. We also show that an AR agonist can be combined with current ER target therapies such as Tamoxifen or a CDK4/6 inhibitor to maximize growth inhibition. Mechanistically, agonist-bound AR opposed ER signalling by repositioning ER and the co-activator p300 in the chromatin landscape, resulting in down-regulation of cell cycle genes. Introduction of an AR DNA binding mutant had no effect on ER signalling or estrogen-stimulated growth in breast cancer cells. As part of this study, we have generated consensus AR cistromes representing ER+ breast cancer cell lines and ER+ tumours that provide a new understanding of AR activity and clearly show differences to those associated with prostate cancer cell lines and tumours. In conclusion, our data provides a compelling biological rationale for AR agonism as a therapeutic strategy in multiple, clinically relevant contexts of ER-positive breast cancer. These findings should dispel widespread confusion over the role of AR in ER-driven breast cancer, an issue that currently hinders progress in leveraging modern AR-targeted therapies (e.g. selective androgen receptor modulators) that lack the undesirable side-effects of androgens for clinical benefit.
A graph theoretic approach to optimal target tracking for mobile robot teams (2007)

In this paper, we present an optimization framework for target tracking with mobile robot teams. The target tracking problem is modeled as a generic semidefinite program (SDP). When paired with an appropriate objective function, the solution to the resulting problem instance yields an optimal robot configuration for target tracking at each time-step, while guaranteeing target coverage (each target is tracked by at least one robot) and maintaining network connectivity. Our methodology is based on the graph theoretic result where the second smallest eigenvalue of the interconnection graph Laplacian matrix is a measure for the connectivity of the graph. This formulation enables us to model agent-target coverage and inter-agent communication constraints as linearmatrix inequalities.We also show that when the communication constraints can be relaxed, the resulting problem can be reposed as a second-order cone program (SOCP) which can be solved significantly more efficiently than its SDP counterpart. Simulation results for a team of robots tracking multiple targets are presented.
Learning from crowds in the presence of schools of thought (2012)

Crowdsourcing has recently become popular among machine learning researchers and social scientists as an effective way to collect large-scale experimental data from distributed workers. To extract useful information from the cheap but potentially unreliable answers to tasks, a key problem is to identify reliable workers as well as unambiguous tasks. Although for objective tasks that have one correct answer per task, previous works can estimate worker reliability and task clarity based on the single gold standard assumption, for tasks that are subjective and accept multiple reasonable answers that workers may be grouped into, a phenomenon called schools of thought, existing models cannot be trivially applied. In this work, we present a statistical model to estimate worker reliability and task clarity without resorting to the single gold standard assumption. This is instantiated by explicitly characterizing the grouping behavior to form schools of thought with a rank-1 factorization of a worker-task groupsize matrix. Instead of performing an intermediate inference step, which can be expensive and unstable, we present an algorithm to analytically compute the sizes of different groups. We perform extensive empirical studies on real data collected from Amazon Mechanical Turk. Our method discovers the schools of thought, shows reasonable estimation of worker reliability and task clarity, and is robust to hyperparameter changes. Furthermore, our estimated worker reliability can be used to improve the gold standard prediction for objective tasks.
Using Selective Withdrawal to Coat Microparticles (2001)

We report a method that uses the process of selective withdrawal of one fluid through a second immiscible fluid to coat small particles with polymer films. Fluid is withdrawn through a tube with its orifice slightly above a water-oil interface. Upon increasing the flow rate, there is a transition from a state where only oil is withdrawn to a state where the water, containing the particles to be coated and appropriate prepolymer reagents, is entrained in a thin spout along with the oil. The entrained particles eventually cause the spout interface to break, producing a thin coat of controllable thickness around each particle, which can be subsequently polymerized using chemical reagents, light, or heat. This method allows flexibility in the chemical composition and thickness of the conformal coatings.
Structural and Functional Brain Parameters Related to Cognitive Performance Across Development: Replication and Extension of the Parieto-Frontal Integration Theory in a Single Sample (2020)

The parieto-frontal integration theory (PFIT) identified a fronto-parietal network of regions where individual differences in brain parameters most strongly relate to cognitive performance. PFIT was supported and extended in adult samples, but not in youths or within single-scanner well-powered multimodal studies. We performed multimodal neuroimaging in 1601 youths age 8-22 on the same 3-Tesla scanner with contemporaneous neurocognitive assessment, measuring volume, gray matter density (GMD), mean diffusivity (MD), cerebral blood flow (CBF), resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging measures of the amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFFs) and regional homogeneity (ReHo), and activation to a working memory and a social cognition task. Across age and sex groups, better performance was associated with higher volumes, greater GMD, lower MD, lower CBF, higher ALFF and ReHo, and greater activation for the working memory task in PFIT regions. However, additional cortical, striatal, limbic, and cerebellar regions showed comparable effects, hence PFIT needs expansion into an extended PFIT (ExtPFIT) network incorporating nodes that support motivation and affect. Associations of brain parameters became stronger with advancing age group from childhood to adolescence to young adulthood, effects occurring earlier in females. This ExtPFIT network is developmentally fine-tuned, optimizing abundance and integrity of neural tissue while maintaining a low resting energy state.
14.5 A 1.22ps integrated-jitter 0.25-to-4GHz fractional-N ADPLL in 16nm FinFET CM0S (2015)

All-digital phase-locked loops (ADPLLs) offer faster locking time, easier portability and better performance in advanced semiconductor processes as compared to analog PLLs. Advanced FinFET devices exhibit better g <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sub> and I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ON</sub> than planar devices [1], but they are offered only in a limited number of device sizes, thus precluding their use in traditional analog design styles. In an ADPLL, the transistors are used as switches with little regard to their linear analog properties. Hence, ADPLL performance should improve with the adoption of FinFET devices. Inverter delay in a 16nm FinFET process is less than half of that in a 28nm planar process, improving in-band phase noise (PN) by around 6dB [2]. Ring-type digitally controlled oscillators (DCOs) provide wide frequency tuning range (FTR), but poor PN performance degrades the ADPLL figure of merit (FoM) [3]. Achieving an FoM better than -225dB using a ring DCO is a challenge. In this work, we presenta 0.25-to-4GHz, 1.22ps integrated jitter and -228.6dB FoM fractional-N ADPLL with spread-spectrum clocking (SSC) capability in 16nm FinFET CMOS.
Nuevos gobiernos, ¿nuevas direcciones en las políticas exteriores europeas? (2007)

<b>Background:</b> Amantadine has been used off-label to improve alertness after traumatic brain injury (TBI). The goal of this study is to assess the mean change at 72 hours and in course of therapy (COT) Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score after amantadine initiation and to correlate the change in GCS score with participation in physical therapy (PT) and occupational therapy (OT) among patients with TBI receiving amantadine during the first hospitalization. <b>Methods:</b> This single-center, retrospective, cohort study included patients ≥18 years old hospitalized for a TBI from August 2012 to February 2018 and received ≥1 dose of amantadine to increase alertness. The primary endpoint is the mean change in 72-hour GCS score after amantadine initiation. The secondary endpoint is the mean change in COT GCS score after amantadine initiation and the correlation between the change in GCS score and percent PT and OT participation at 72 hours and during the COT. <b>Results:</b> Seventy-nine patients were included. The mean age of patients was 41 years, and 79.8% of the patients were men. The mean change in 72-hour GCS score was +0.75 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.09-1.42, <i>P</i> = .027), and the mean change in COT GCS score was +2.29 (95% CI = 1.68-2.90, <i>P</i> < .001). There was no significant correlation between the increase in GCS score and percent PT/OT session participation at 72 hours and during the COT, <i>r</i> = -0.15 (<i>P</i> = .24) and <i>r</i> = -0.02 (<i>P</i> = .74), respectively. The percent PT/OT session participation at 72-hour post-amantadine initiation was 61.3% compared with 65.9% during the COT. <b>Conclusion:</b> There were small but statistically significant increases in the mean change at 72 hours and in COT GCS score; however, they were not correlated with percent PT/OT participation. Other studies are needed to determine the appropriate time and GCS score to initiate amantadine along with the optimal dose in the inpatient setting.
Preneoplastic Alterations in Nuclear Morphology That Accompany Loss of Tumor Suppressor Phenotype (1991)

Alterations of nuclear shape are frequently observed in tumor cells, but the genes controlling these changes and the stage in the neoplastic process at which they occur are unknown. We have studied nuclear shape changes in chemically immortalized, nontumorigenic Syrian hamster embryo cell clones that had either retained (supB+) or lost (supB-) the ability to suppress the tumorigenic phenotype when they were hybridized with a tumor cell line (BP6T). Quantitative morphometric analysis of the nuclei of cells from each of two pairs of supB+/supB- variants indicated that the nuclei of supB- cells were significantly more out of round than those of their corresponding supB+ clones. These data indicate that modification of nuclear structure may represent an early, preneoplastic event in multistep chemical carcinogenesis and that loss of a tumor suppressor gene function may regulate alterations in nuclear morphology.
High power SiGe E-band transmitter for broadband communication (2013)

Fully integrated transmitter at E-band frequencies in a superhetrodyne architecture covering the 71-76GHz was designed and fabricated in 0.12μm SiGe technology. The transmitter's front-end includes a power amplifier, image-reject driver, tunable RF attenuator, power detector and IF-to-RF up-converting mixer. A variable gain IF amplifier, quadrature baseband-to-IF modulator, frequency synthesizer and x4 frequency multiplier (quadrupler) are also integrated on-chip. It achieves output power at P1dB of 17.5 to 18.5 dBm, saturated power of 20.5 to 21.5 dBm, up to 39 dB Gain with an analog controlled dynamic range of 30 dB and consumes 1.75 W.
Recent Progress and Perspectives in Digital Holographic Microscopy (2007)

Recent developments in Digital Holographic Microscopy (DHM) have permitted to achieve imaging accuracies and resolutions down to the nano-range. This result could be obtained by careful control of all parameters involved in the wavefront reconstruction.
Nanostructured Supramolecular Block Copolymers Based on Polydimethylsiloxane and Polylactide (2013)

Hierarchical self-assembly has been demonstrated with diblock copolymers comprising poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) and poly(lactide) (PLA) with supramolecular, 4-fold hydrogen-bonding junctions. PDMS with a single ureidoguanosine unit at the end was synthesized by a postpolymerization strategy. PLA with a single 1,7-diamidonaphthyridine was synthesized by ring-opening polymerization from the appropriate functional initiator. Selective association of the end groups to form distinct, noncovalent connections between the respective homopolymers in blends was established by <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectroscopy. The orthogonal self-assembly of the resulting pseudoblock copolymer, driven by immiscibility between the polymer constituents was demonstrated. Bulk polymer blends were prepared that have approximately symmetric composition and a 1:1 end-group stoichiometry. Small angle X-ray scattering combined with differential scanning calorimetry and transmission electron microscopy provide unambiguous evidence for the adoption of a lamellar morphology having long-range order, nanoscopic domain dimensions (20 nm pitch), and a sharp domain interface defined by the supramolecular building blocks.
Utility of anthropometric traits and indices in predicting the risk of coronary artery disease in the adult men of southern Andhra Pradesh (2018)

Eighteen anthropometric variables were found to have the ability of predicting the risk of CAD. Longitudinal studies are needed to confirm the use of anthropometric variables in predicting the risk of CAD.
Quantitative structure–property relationship approach to predicting xylene separation with diverse exchanged faujasites (2018)

Streamlining the xylene separation process on faujasites is a promising way to design innovative adsorbents for this application. For this purpose, we present herein an original quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) approach. It deals with the development of a multi-linear predictive model correlating the separation properties with a set of structural descriptors for the adsorbents. The implementation of such an approach makes it necessary to (i) set an appropriate design of experiment (DOE), (ii) prepare an adsorbent database, (iii) test the adsorbent database for xylene separation and (iv) compute a set of relevant descriptors. The selected descriptors essentially characterize the nature of the confinement in the faujasite supercage, i.e., the size of the cations localized in adsorption sites II, as well as the occupancy ratio of both adsorption sites II and III. Two different statistical methods were applied to develop a structure-property relationship model linking experimental selectivity and the set of descriptors. A multiple linear regression model enables the prediction of para/meta-xylene selectivity with a correlation coefficient R2 of 0.78, while a linear discriminant analysis predicts the assignment of the adsorbents to four identified classes with a total prediction percentage of 76%.