gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
S3190 Gastric-Sparing Band and Slough Technique for Gastric High-Grade Dysplasia in Non-Surgical Candidates (2021)

Introduction: Gastric cancer (GC) is the third most common cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. Intestinal-type GCs have a well-defined, sequential preneoplastic cascade that includes chronic non-atrophic gastritis; multifocal atrophic gastritis; intestinal metaplasia; followed by dysplasia. Eradication of gastric dysplasia (GD) is crucial to disrupting the progression to GC. Treatment varies from non-invasive modalities [e.g., endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD)] to invasive surgical resection based on patient-specific factors. We describe the use of the band and slough (BAS) technique as a non-invasive endoscopic modality for management of gastric high-grade dysplasia (HGD) in poor surgical candidates. Case Description/Methods: A 73-year-old woman with multiple comorbidities was referred for treatment of multifocal atrophic gastritis with high grade dysplasia identified on biopsy via upper endoscopy (UE). Repeat UE showed nodular mucosa in the prepyloric region along the lesser curvature. Biopsies were consistent with HGD. The remaining tissue was removed using EMR technique which was complicated by significant bleeding requiring placement of 4 endoscopic clips. Surveillance UE after 2 months showed extension of the nodular mucosa to the gastric antrum with biopsies consistent with HGD. Given the patient’s poor surgical candidacy and personal history of serious bleeding after EMR, the endoscopist elected to use the BAS technique to eliminate the precancerous nodular mucosa. Accordingly, the patient underwent four banding sessions over 10 months (median bands/session=10 [range: 6-14]). Elastic rubber bands were placed at the site of the nodular mucosa using an endoscopic banding kit resulting in multiple pseudopolyps (PPs) formation. Natural sloughing of the PPs was allowed without the use of electrocautery. No immediate or delayed procedure-related adverse events (AEs) were noted. Repeat UE at 3 months follow-up revealed resolution of the nodular atrophic mucosa and biopsies showed no evidence of dysplasia. Discussion: The BAS technique works by compressive tissue ischemia resulting in PPs sloughing off without the use of electrocautery. Thus, reducing the risk of AEs associated with EMR or ESD such as bleeding and perforation. For GD patients who are poor surgical or endoscopic resection candidates; the BAS technique can be a less invasive and effective endoscopic treatment in this subset of patients.Figure 1.: Pane A - Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) revealing gastric varices (GV). Pane B - Computed Tomography (CT) of the Abdomen demonstrating the prominent gastric varices (GV). Pane C - Follow-up Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) 2 weeks after BRTO demonstrating reduced gastric varices filled with sclerosant (arrowhead). Pane D - Follow-up Computed tomography (CT) of the Abdomen 4 months after BRO revealing complete obliteration of the gastric variceal complex (arrowhead).
Microstructured Fibers: Use of Microstructured Fibers in Optical Amplifiers, Wavelength Shifters and All-Optical Switches (2002)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Jay. E. Sharping, Marco Fiorentino, Prem Kumar, and Robert. S. Windeler, "Microstructured Fibers: Use of Microstructured Fibers in Optical Amplifiers, Wavelength Shifters and All-Optical Switches," Optics & Photonics News 13(12), 28-28 (2002) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 4‐ AND 6‐SUBSTITUTED 2,2‐DIMETHYL‐2H‐CHROMENES (1984)

Abstract 2‐Bromphenole (I) werden nach Metallierung an Dimethylacrolein und Mesityloxid (III) zu den Benzylalkoholen (IV) addiert, die sich beim Stehen jedoch zu den isomeren Alkoholen (V) umlagern.
High throughput microRNAs profiling in cancers (2007)

MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNAgenes (18–24 nucleotides in length) that have been identified in different organisms from the nematode C. elegans to humans (for reviews see Bartel, 2004; He and Hannon, 2004). Recently it has become more and more evident that microRNAs play important roles in regulating the translation and degradation of mRNAs through base pairing to perfectly (in plants) or partially (in mammals) complementary sites, mainly but not exclusively in the untranslated region (UTR) of the target mRNA (Lagos-Quintana et al., 2001; Lau et al., 2001; Lee and Ambros, 2001). MicroRNAs are initially transcribed by RNA polymerase II (pol II) as long primary transcripts called primary-miRNAs (pri-miRNAs). A double-stranded RNA-specific ribonuclease called Drosha is responsible for the processing of pri-miRNAs into hairpin RNAs of 70–100bp known as pre-miRNAs, which contain a two nucleotide 3′ overhang characteristic of RNase III cleavage products (Cullen, 2004). Pre-miRNAs are transported to the cytoplasm by the nuclear export factor exportin 5. Once in the cytoplasm pre-miRNAs are processed by a second, double-stranded specific ribonuclease III called Dicer in a 18–24 nucleotide duplex. The product of Dicer's cleavage is incorporated into a large protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex), which includes as core components the Argonaute proteins (Ago1–4 in humans). One strand of the miRNA duplex remains stably associated with RISC and becomes the mature miRNA. The opposite strand, called passenger strand or miRNA, is discarded through two different mechanisms.
Combining MEMS FTIR Spectrometer and Widened-Spectrum Mode-Locked Fiber Laser for Gas-Sensing (2019)

Mode-locked fiber lasers are characterized by having high peak power and brightness, in addition to a high spatial coherence with output confined in the small diameter of a single mode fiber. However, due to their relatively narrow spectral width, their use in spectroscopic applications is hindered. In this work, we use a section of low-cost non-zero dispersion-shifted fiber (NZDSF) (ITU-T G.655) to widen the spectral width of a mode-locked laser, rendering it suitable for use in gas-sensing. The NZDSF has a relatively low dispersion, allowing the non-linearity of the fiber to dominate its dispersion, which causes an increase in the spectral width [1]. This broad spectrum is used in conjunction with a microelectromechanical system (MEMS)-based miniaturized Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer [2, 3] to detect CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> gas inside a multi-pass gas cell.
Supplemental Figure Legends from miR-196b Is Epigenetically Silenced during the Premalignant Stage of Lung Carcinogenesis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure 1. Analysis of miR-196b, miR-34c-5p, miR-497/195 hypermethylation in lung cancer cell lines, PBMC, and NBEC. Supplemental Figure 2. Analysis of miR-196b and miR-34c-5p hypermethylation in NSCLC. Supplemental Table 1. Established In Vitro Model of Pre-Malignant Lung Cancer. Supplemental Table 2. PCR Primer Sequences for COBRA, MSP, and ChIP Assays.&lt;/p&gt;
Tuning Surface Morphology of Fluorescent Hydrogels Using a Vortex Fluidic Device (2020)

In recent decades, microfluidic techniques have been extensively used to advance hydrogel design and control the architectural features on the micro- and nanoscale. The major challenges with the microfluidic approach are clogging and limited architectural features: notably, the creation of the sphere, core-shell, and fibers. Implementation of batch production is almost impossible with the relatively lengthy time of production, which is another disadvantage. This minireview aims to introduce a new microfluidic platform, a vortex fluidic device (VFD), for one-step fabrication of hydrogels with different architectural features and properties. The application of a VFD in the fabrication of physically crosslinked hydrogels with different surface morphologies, the creation of fluorescent hydrogels with excellent photostability and fluorescence properties, and tuning of the structure-property relationship in hydrogels are discussed. We conceive, on the basis of this minireview, that future studies will provide new opportunities to develop hydrogel nanocomposites with superior properties for different biomedical and engineering applications.
A Study of Composting System of Municipal Solid Waste with Bio-surfactant (2005)

Three sets of adding Bio- surfactant experiments were conducted to understand composting processes with bio-surfactant. Inoculating Strains Ⅲ(2), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) and Bio-surfactant to MSW system by 0.4%、0.4%、0.008% for Run 1, Run 2, Run 3, respectively. The composting experiments showed that: The system of treatment 1 (0.4% Strains Ⅲ(2)), reduce surface tension between liquid and solid to 36 mN/ml at 24 hours. Compared with the control, the quantity of humic from 10.6% to 18.2% and accumulation H2S of outlet gas was around half of the control. Thus, Inoculation composting technology with bio-surfactant is a promised method to enhance composting efficiency and improve composting quality. (The Journal of American Science, 2(1):66-70).
Supplementary Figure 1 from Systematic Kinome shRNA Screening Identifies CDK11 (PITSLRE) Kinase Expression Is Critical for Osteosarcoma Cell Growth and Proliferation (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 28K, CDK11 cDNA rescue assay.&lt;/p&gt;
Polarization Reflector/Color Filter at Visible Frequencies via Anisotropic α‐MoO3 (2020)

Abstract 2D van der Waals materials have attracted increasing attention in recent years due to their exciting physical properties and offer new opportunities for creating devices with enhanced or novel functionalities. In particular, α‐MoO 3 is an emerging member of the fast‐growing 2D family with strong natural anisotropic optical properties. However, anisotropic optical properties of ‐MoO 3 in the visible frequency range remain elusive. Here, α‐MoO 3 is investigated as an optical material at the visible frequency (450–750 nm), which exhibits a polarization‐dependent complex refractive index due to the anisotropic crystal structure. As a proof of concept, polarization‐sensitive photonic devices including polarization reflectors and polarization color filters are designed and realized by constructing metal–insulator–metal Fabry–Perot cavities. It is observed that resonance frequencies for designed transmission and reflection filters change up to 25 nm with incident polarization which stems from the polarization‐dependent complex refractive indices of α‐MoO 3 . The largest contrasts are observed for two orthogonal polarization states parallel to the two orthogonal in‐plane crystal directions. The approach in this study offers new directions for potential applications in the development of polarization‐dependent devices based on 2D van der Waals materials for visible frequencies.
Frequency-domain processing for synchronization and channel estimation in OQAM-OFDM systems (2013)

In this work the design of a frequency-domain synchronization and channel estimation scheme for OQAM-OFDM systems is presented and evaluated. The need for signal processing schemes for wireless communication systems, that are processed solely in the frequency domain results from the desire to build frequency-agile radios. Driven by the transition from exclusive spectrum resource allocation towards a dynamic usage of the spectrum a non-contiguous spectrum utilization in fragmented spectrum is needed. Well-known time-domain algorithms severely suffer from encapsulated spectral components not belonging to the non-contiguous OQAM-OFDM waveform. We show that frequency-domain processing can achieve similar system performance as comparable time-domain methods over a wide range of frequency offsets while offering a new degree of freedom in preamble design for FBMC systems.
Isomer separation of sialylated O- and N-linked glycopeptides using reversed-phase LC–MS/MS at high temperature (2019)

Analyses of intact glycopeptides using mass spectrometry is challenging due to the numerous types of isomers of glycan moieties attached to the peptide backbone. Here, we demonstrate that high-temperature reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) can be used to separate isomeric O- and N-linked glycopeptides. In general, high column temperatures enhanced the resolution for separation of sialylated O- and N-linked glycopeptide isomers with decreased retention times. Using the high-temperature RPLC method, α2–6-linked sialylated N-glycopeptides were eluted first, followed by α2–3-linked isomers. However, highly sialylated N-glycopeptides containing hydrophobic amino acids exhibited increased retention times at high temperature. The separation of sialylated O- and N-glycopeptides with different glycan isoforms using a high-temperature RPLC method was demonstrated. This study indicates that reversed-phase chromatographic separation at high column temperatures is suitable for the separation of glycopeptide structural isomers.
Development of Three Practical Indices for Mucosal Healing Among Patients With Moderate to Severe Crohnʼs Disease (2012)

Healing of the intestinal mucosa is considered a valid and important metric of improvement in Crohn's disease (CD). However, a patient must undergo an endoscopy to verify the presence of mucosal ulceration. Regular monitoring using endoscopy is challenging owing to its expensive and intrusive nature. There are currently no easily accessible proxy measures for identifying patients who are likely to have achieved mucosal healing (MH) in CD. The practical MH indices were developed using intent-to-treat (ITT) patient-level data from the EXTend the Safety and Efficacy of Adalimumab Through ENDoscopic Healing (EXTEND) trial (160 mg adalimumab at Week 0, 80 mg at Week 2, and randomized to 40 mg every other week or placebo at Week 4). Each index corresponds to 1 of 3 mucosal healing measures: Simple Endoscopic Score for CD (SES-CD) <5, CD Endoscopic Index of Severity (CDEIS) score ≤4.24, and observed MH based on a review committee opinion. For each measure, a logistic regression model was developed to predict MH at Week 12 using demographic, laboratory, and CD severity characteristics. Important predictors were selected using the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) procedure, which identifies a parsimonious model while retaining predictive accuracy. These 3 indices, named as SES-CD Based Index, CDEIS Based Index, and Observed MH Based Index, were evaluated using the accuracy (c-statistic), sensitivity, and specificity measures. Important factors associated with MH were similar across the 3 indices (Table). The performance of each index was also evaluated and listed in the table. Platelet count, CRP, and CDAI (number of liquid or very soft stools) are the common factors associated with MH across all 3 indices. The accuracy rates suggest the practical indices may be a clinically useful guide for identifying patients who are likely or unlikely to have achieved MH.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF SEPARATING FLOW IN A PLANE ASYMMETRIC DIFFUSER (2003)

The flow in a plane asymmetric diffuser has been studied experimentally and compared to an explicit algebraic Reynolds stress model (EARSM) computation (Gullman-Strand (2002)). The inlet flow is fully developed turbulent channel flow and a separation bubble is formed on the inclined wall. The mean separation and reattachment points are found, in the experiment, at 9 and at 31 inlet channel heights respectively. The model under-predicts the size of the separation bubble, this is attributed to an over-estimation of the wall normal turbulence component in a region close to the diffuser inlet. By analyzing the balance between the production and dissipation of turbulence kinetic energy we find that the predicted dissipation is too large. Hence, a better model for the production term in the transport equation for the turbulence time-scale-determining quantity (e.g. ε or ω) might be a key to better agreement.
Activation of a Helper and Not Regulatory Human CD4+ T Cell Response by Oncolytic H-1 Parvovirus (2012)

Our results show for the first time that a wild-type oncolytic virus impairs some immune cell subpopulations while directly activating a Helper CD4+ T cell response. Thus, our data open numerous gripping perspectives of investigation and strongly argue for the use of H-1 PV as an anticancer treatment.
BLER Performance of Circular 256QAM Schemes Considering Cubic Metric for DFT-Precoded OFDM (2021)

This paper presents the average block error rate (BLER) performance of circular 256QAM schemes considering a peak-to-average power ratio measure called a cubic metric (CM) for discrete Fourier transform (DFT)-precoded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) in multipath fading channels. Computer simulation results show that the required average received signal-to-noise power ratio (SNR) satisfying the average BLER of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−2</sup> considering the CM for the (16×16) circular 256QAM constellation is deceased by approximately 0.5 dB, and that for the (32×8) and (64×4) circular 256QAM constellations is deceased by approximately 0.3 dB compared to the rectangular 256QAM scheme when using reference signal (RS) based channel estimation. Therefore, we conclude that the circular 256QAM constellation with independent bit mapping to either the phase or amplitude information is effective in achieving a lower required average received SNR satisfying the target average BLER than that for rectangular 256QAM considering the CM in multipath fading channels.
Regulation of Enzymes of Lysine Biosynthesis in Corynebacterium glutamicum (1988)

The regulation of the six enzymes responsible for the conversion of aspartate to lysine, together with homoserine dehydrogenase, was studied in Corynebacterium glutamicum. In addition to aspartate kinase activity, the synthesis of diaminopimelate decarboxylase was also found to be regulated. The specific activity of this enzyme was reduced to one-third in extracts of cells grown in the presence of lysine. Aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase, dihydrodipicolinate synthase, dihydrodipicolinate reductase, and diaminopimelate dehydrogenase were neither influenced in their specific activity, nor inhibited, by any of the aspartate family of amino acids. Homoserine dehydrogenase was repressed by methionine (to 15% of its original activity) and inhibited by threonine (4% remaining activity). Inclusion of leucine in the growth medium resulted in a twofold increase of homoserine dehydrogenase specific activity. The flow of aspartate semialdehyde to either lysine or homoserine was influenced by the activity of homoserine dehydrogenase or dihydrodipicolinate synthase. Thus, the twofold increase in homoserine dehydrogenase activity resulted in a decrease in lysine formation accompanied by the formation of isoleucine. In contrast, repression of homoserine dehydrogenase resulted in increased lysine formation. A similar increase of the flow of aspartate semialdehyde to lysine was found in strains with increased dihydrodipicolinate synthase activity, constructed by introducing the dapA gene of Escherichia coli (coding for the synthase) into C. glutamicum.
Optimal Forgeries Against Polynomial-Based MACs and GCM. (2018)

Polynomial-based authentication algorithms, such as GCM and Poly1305, have seen widespread adoption in practice. Due to their importance, a significant amount of attention has been given to understanding and improving both proofs and attacks against such schemes. At EUROCRYPT 2005, Bernstein published the best known analysis of the schemes when instantiated with PRPs, thereby establishing the most lenient limits on the amount of data the schemes can process per key. A long line of work, initiated by Handschuh and Preneel at CRYPTO 2008, finds the best known attacks, advancing our understanding of the fragility of the schemes. Yet surprisingly, no known attacks perform as well as the predicted worst-case attacks allowed by Bernstein’s analysis, nor has there been any advancement in proofs improving Bernstein’s bounds, and the gap between attacks and analysis is significant. We settle the issue by finding a novel attack against polynomial-based authentication algorithms using PRPs, and combine it with new analysis, to show that Bernstein’s bound, and our attacks, are optimal.
Alpha-2-Antiplasmin: a Serpin with Two Separate But Overlapping Reactive Sites (1988)

Although the proteinase inhibitor alpha-2-antiplasmin (alpha 2AP) is known to control the activity of plasmin through rapid formation of stable complexes, it also efficiently inactivates chymotrypsin. These interactions are shown to occur at adjacent, overlapping sites so that plasmin attacks the inhibitor at an Arg364-Met365 peptide bond, while chymotrypsin interacts at a Met365-Ser366 sequence one residue downstream. Thus, a naturally occurring plasma serine proteinase inhibitor can have multiple specificities through interactions at adjacent sites. It also illustrates the potential flexibility of the reactive site loop in this class of inhibitors.
Advances in the design and therapeutic use of capsaicin receptor TRPV1 agonists and antagonists (2008)

Background: The capsaicin receptor TRPV1 is a polymodal nociceptor expressed predominantly on sensory neurons. Pharmacological blockade of TRPV1 by antagonists and desensitization of TRPV1 by agonists represent alternative therapeutic strategies for the treatment of various medical conditions, including chronic pain. Objectives and methods: A vast patent literature (> 1,000 patents) disclosing both natural and synthetic molecules as TRPV1 agonist and antagonist exists. A comprehensive review of the TRPV patent literature is out of the scope of this paper. Instead, it focuses on recent advances in the potential use of TRPV1 agonists and antagonists for therapeutic purposes. In particular, this review attempts to collate these patents according to the chemical classes they disclose and discusses the structure–activity relationships that best bring out their therapeutic potential. Results/conclusion: A wide range of TRPV1 drug formulations (per os, topical and site-specific injectable) is expected to enter the clinical practice for indications as wide as chronic pain, overactive bladder, chronic cough, obesity, diabetes and, possibly, cancer as well as neurological and psychiatric disorders.
Broadband Operation Of Erbium-Doped Silica-Based Fiber Lasers (1990)

Two high power, broadband, 1.55 µm sources utilizing an erbium-doped silica-based single mode fiber pumped at 0.5145 p.m are presented. The first source is a non resonant superfluorescent fiber laser. With proper selection of the fiber length, it exhibits an output power of 5 mW and a bandwidth of 19 nm for an absorbed pump power of 460 mW. Spectral variations with pump power and/or fiber length, in particular spectral shape, center wavelength and spectral narrowing, are investigated. The second source is a resonant fiber laser with an intracavity acousto-optic modulator which, when frequency modulated at a rate lower than 1 kHz, produces modulation of the laser wavelength over 9 nm with an output power in excess of 5 mW.
In-Building Wideband Partition Loss Measurements at 2.5 and 60 GHz (2004)

This paper contains measured data and empirical models for 2.5 and 60 GHz in-building propagation path loss and multipath delay spread. Path loss measurements were recorded using a broadband sliding correlator channel sounder which recorded over 39000 power delay profiles (PDPs) in 22 separate locations in a modern office building. Transmitters and receivers were separated by distances ranging from 3.5 to 27.4 m and were separated by a variety of obstructions, in order to create realistic environments for future single-cell-per-room wireless networks. Path loss data is coupled with site-specific information to provide insight into channel characteristics. These measurements and models may aid in the development of future in-building wireless networks in the unlicensed 2.4 and 60 GHz bands.