gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lagrangian representation for fermionic linear optics (2004)

Notions of a Gaussian state and a Gaussian linear map are generalized to the case of anticommuting (Grassmann) variables. Conditions under which a Gaussian map is trace preserving and (or) completely positive are formulated. For any Gaussian map an explicit formula relating correlation matrices of input and output states is presented. This formalism allows to develop the Lagrangian representation for fermionic linear optics (FLO). It covers both unitary operations and the single-mode projectors associated with FLO measurements. Using the Lagrangian representation we reduce a classical simulation of FLO to a computation of Gaussian integrals over Grassmann variables. Explicit formulas describing evolution of a quantum state under FLO operations are put forward.
Figure S1 from Elastography Can Map the Local Inverse Relationship between Shear Modulus and Drug Delivery within the Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Microenvironment (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Shear wave elasticity imaging experimental setup used to measure the shear modulus of AsPC-1 and BxPC-3 tumor. (a) shows the Verasonics ultrasound scanner used for shear wave imaging equipped with an L-7 probe attached, positioned on top of a gelatin encapsulated tumor as shown in (b). Scan plane, indicated with dotted lines, form which shear wave images were acquired in (c). Serial sections of tumor slices were cut along the ultrasound scan plane. (d) representative sonogram (e) shear modulus elastogram.&lt;/p&gt;
Spectral Efficiency of Channel-Aware Schedulers in Non-Identical Composite Links with Interference (2007)

Accurate system planning and performance evaluation requires knowledge of the joint impact of scheduling, interference, and fading. However, current analyses either require costly numerical simulations or make simplifying assumptions that limit the applicability of the results. In this paper, we derive analytical expressions for the spectral efficiency of cellular systems that use either the channel-unaware but fair round robin scheduler or the greedy, channel-aware but unfair maximum signal to interference ratio scheduler. As is the case in real deployments, non-identical co-channel interference at each user, both Rayleigh fading and lognormal shadowing, and limited modulation constellation sizes are accounted for in the analysis. We show that using a simple moment generating function-based lognormal approximation technique and an accurate Gaussian-Q function approximation leads to results that match simulations well. These results are more accurate than erstwhile results that instead used the moment-matching Fenton-Wilkinson approximation method and bounds on the Q function. The spectral efficiency of cellular systems is strongly influenced by the channel scheduler and the small constellation size that is typically used in third generation cellular systems.
Developing flow of a power-law liquid film on an inclined plane (2003)

Developing flow of a liquid film along a stationary inclined wall is analyzed for a power-law constitutive equation. For films with appreciable inertia and therefore small interfacial slopes, the boundary-layer approximation may be used. The boundary-layer equations are solved numerically through the von Mises transformation that gives a partial differential equation over a semi-infinite strip and approximately by the method of von Kármán and Polhausen that gives an ordinary differential equation for the film thickness, called a film equation. Film equations derived from self-similar velocity profiles fail when the film thickens and the flow undergoes a supercritical to subcritical transition; a nonremovable singularity arises at the critical point, the location of the flow transition. A film equation is developed that accommodates this transition. Predictions exhibit a standing wave where hydrostatic pressure becomes important and opposes inertia. This thickening effect is accentuated for small angles of inclination at moderate Reynolds numbers. In the limit of small film thickness in which gravitational effects are negligible, the thickness profile is nonlinear in agreement with an independent and new similarity solution. This result contrasts with the established linear thickness profile for a Newtonian liquid. The circumstances in which the film equation gives results close to the full boundary layer equation are identified.
Inception-v4, Inception-ResNet and the Impact of Residual Connections on\n Learning (2016)

Very deep convolutional networks have been central to the largest advances in\nimage recognition performance in recent years. One example is the Inception\narchitecture that has been shown to achieve very good performance at relatively\nlow computational cost. Recently, the introduction of residual connections in\nconjunction with a more traditional architecture has yielded state-of-the-art\nperformance in the 2015 ILSVRC challenge; its performance was similar to the\nlatest generation Inception-v3 network. This raises the question of whether\nthere are any benefit in combining the Inception architecture with residual\nconnections. Here we give clear empirical evidence that training with residual\nconnections accelerates the training of Inception networks significantly. There\nis also some evidence of residual Inception networks outperforming similarly\nexpensive Inception networks without residual connections by a thin margin. We\nalso present several new streamlined architectures for both residual and\nnon-residual Inception networks. These variations improve the single-frame\nrecognition performance on the ILSVRC 2012 classification task significantly.\nWe further demonstrate how proper activation scaling stabilizes the training of\nvery wide residual Inception networks. With an ensemble of three residual and\none Inception-v4, we achieve 3.08 percent top-5 error on the test set of the\nImageNet classification (CLS) challenge\n
Molecular characterization and expression of maternally expressed gene 3 (Meg3/Gtl2) RNA in the mouse inner ear (2005)

The pathways responsible for sound perception in the cochlea involve the coordinated and regulated expression of hundreds of genes. By using microarray analysis, we identified several transcripts enriched in the inner ear, including the maternally expressed gene 3 (Meg3/Gtl2), an imprinted noncoding RNA. Real-time PCR analysis demonstrated that Meg3/Gtl2 was highly expressed in the cochlea, brain, and eye. Molecular studies revealed the presence of several Meg3/Gtl2 RNA splice variants in the mouse cochlea, brain, and eye. In situ hybridizations showed intense Meg3/Gtl2 RNA staining in the nuclei of type I spiral ganglion cells and in cerebellum near the dorsal vestibular region of the cochlea. In embryonic mouse head sections, Meg3/Gtl2 RNA expression was observed in the otocyst, brain, eye, cartilage, connective tissue, and muscle. Meg3/Gtl2 RNA expression increased in the developing otocyst and localized to the spiral ganglion, stria vascularis, Reissner's membrane, and greater epithelial ridge (GER) in the cochlear duct. RT-PCR analysis performed on cell lines derived from the organ of Corti, representing neural, supporting, and hair cells, showed significantly elevated levels of Meg3/Gtl2 expression in differentiated neural cells. We propose that Meg3/Gtl2 RNA functions as a noncoding regulatory RNA in the inner ear and that it plays a role in pattern specification and differentiation of cells during otocyst development, as well as in the maintenance of a number of terminally differentiated cochlear cell types.
First-line rituximab (R) high-dose therapy (R-HDT) versus R-CHOP14 for young adults with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: Preliminary results of the GOELAMS 075 prospective multicenter randomized trial. (2011)

8003 Background: We have shown that first-line HDT leads to an improved EFS and OS over CHOP in adults with aggressive NHL (NEJM 2004) and that adding R to the HDT was feasible and might improve the results (BBMT 2010). We present the preliminary analysis of a multicenter RCT comparing R-CHOP14 to R-HDT in adults with DLBCL (clinical trial.gov: NCT 00561379). Methods: Pts 18 to 60 y.o. CD20 + DLBCL AA stage 1-2 with bulk ≥ 7 cm or 3 -4 were rdz at dg (stratified on aaIPI) between R-CHOP14 (8 courses if response after the first 4) and R-HDT. This consisted of 2 courses of HD CHOP-like, 15 days apart, with R (375/mg/m2) on day 1 of each, then R on d 22, harvest of G-CSF mobilized PBSC on d 28, 29, R on d 36 followed by HD methotrexate with cytarabin. For pts who achieved a response after these 3 courses, BEAM started on d 66 to 80 followed by PBSCT. In each arm, the interm response was assessed by CT Scan and PET (Cheson criteria JCO 2007). Pts not achieving a PR or a neg PET had a salvage Tx and auto PBSCT. Results: 340 pts included 01/2005 to 06/2010, 286 pts evaluable at time of abstract, 143 in each arm. Characteristics of the pts in the 2 arms are super imposable. Overall 56% bulk, 72% >2 AA stage and 58% aa IPI>1. The Rdz tx was completed in 67% in the R-CHOP arm and 53% in the R-HDT arm. The interm evaluation showed the same rate of response with CT scan (CR + CRu: 65% and 62% following 4 x R-CHOP14 and first 3 courses of R-HDT). PET remained more often pos after the first 3 courses of R-HDT (41% vs 28%; p=0.03). Of the 98 pts with pos interm PET, 84 had a salvage of which 62 underwent auto PBSCT. On ITT the ORR (CR + Cru) was 82% and 76% in the R-CHOP and R-HDT arms respectively (p=0.8). With a med FU of 25 m, the 3y OS is 83%. No difference according to the tx arm in any of the aaIPI strata. The 3y PFS and DFS are 76% and 83%, no difference according to the tx arm. The 3 y OS and DFS for pts in R-CHOP arm and in R-HDT arm acc to interm PET are shown in the table. Conclusions: R-CHOP14 is as efficient, less toxic, and spares resources as compared to this R-HDT program. Salvage based on interm PET is not harmful and provides excellent results. PET neg PET pos R-CHOP 3y OS/DFS 88% / 80% 84% / 82% R-HDT 3y OS/DFS 80% /92% 86% / 89%
Structure of 1,2-dideoxy-1-(3-pyridyl)-α-D-ribofuranose (1987)

C 10 H 13 NO 3 cristallise dans le systeme orthorhombique avec le groupe d'espace P2 1 2 1 2 1 . Affinement de la structure jusqu'a 0,031
Structure−Activity Relationship of Heterobase-Modified 2‘-C-Methyl Ribonucleosides as Inhibitors of Hepatitis C Virus RNA Replication (2004)

Hepatitis C virus infection constitutes a significant health problem in need of more effective therapies. We have recently identified 2'-C-methyladenosine and 2'-C-methylguanosine as potent nucleoside inhibitors of HCV RNA replication in vitro. However, both of these compounds suffered from significant limitations. 2'-C-Methyladenosine was found to be susceptible to enzymatic conversions by adenosine deaminase and purine nucleoside phosphorylase, and it displayed limited oral bioavailability in the rat. 2'-C-Methylguanosine, on the other hand, was neither efficiently taken up in cells nor phosphorylated well. As part of an attempt to address these limitations, we now report upon the synthesis and evaluation of a series of heterobase-modified 2'-C-methyl ribonucleosides. The structure-activity relationship within this series of nucleosides reveals 4-amino-7-(2-C-methyl-beta-d-ribofuranosyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine and 4-amino-5-fluoro-7-(2-C-methyl-beta-d-ribofuranosyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine as potent and noncytotoxic inhibitors of HCV RNA replication. Both 4-amino-7-(2-C-methyl-beta-d-ribofuranosyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine and 4-amino-5-fluoro-7-(2-C-methyl-beta-d-ribofuranosyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine display improved enzymatic stability profiles as compared to that of 2'-C-methyladenosine. Consistent with these observations, the most potent compound, 4-amino-5-fluoro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine ribonucleoside, is orally bioavailable in the rat. Together, the potency of the 2'-C-methyl-4-amino-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine ribonucleosides and their improved pharmacokinetic properties relative to that of 2'-C-methyladenosine suggests that this class of compounds may have clinical utility.
Patterning of Polymer Brushes. A Direct Approach to Complex, Sub-Surface Structures (2010)

We report a unique method to directly fabricate complex polymer brush structures with nanometer scale features by means of electron beam lithography. Polymer brushes for direct patterning were grown from surface-anchored initiator sites using atom transfer radical polymerization. Selected monomers (poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) and poly(methyl methacrylate)) were used based on their ability to readily scission when exposed to radiation. Single step direct patterning of polymer brushes is attractive as this eliminates many process steps, reducing the possibility of contamination and possibly improving resolution. In addition, we report a method to form subsurface polymer brush channels with nanometer-scale features. With the chains tethered to a surface, a diblock copolymer brush with a negative tone upper layer (polystyrene) and a positive tone under layer (poly(methyl methacrylate)) or (poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) were patterned to create channels. In the work presented, the direct electron beam patterning behavior of the brushes was studied and fabrication of nanochannels was demonstrated. Imaging of the nanopatterned surfaces was carried out using atomic force microscopy and fluorescence microscopy.
Structure−Activity Relationships of Bifunctional Peptides Based on Overlapping Pharmacophores at Opioid and Cholecystokinin Receptors (2006)

Cholecystokinin (CCK) has been identified as a pronociceptive endogenous peptide which also possesses antiopioid actions. CCK may be upregulated in conditions of chronic pain or during sustained morphine administration resulting in attenuation of opioid-mediated pain relief. These complex interactions between opioids and endogenous CCK receptor systems have suggested the need for a new paradigm in drug design for some states of chronic pain. In these circumstances the rational design of potential drugs for the treatment of these conditions must be based on one ligand for multiple targets. We have designed a single peptide which can interact with delta and mu opioid receptors as agonists and with CCK receptors as antagonists. The ligands were designed based on a model of overlapping pharmacophores of opioid and CCK peptide ligands, which incorporates opioid pharmacophores at the N-terminal and CCK tetrapeptide pharmacophores at the C-terminal of the designed ligands. We measured binding and activities of our bifunctional peptides at opioid and CCK receptors. Compound 11 (Tyr-d-Ala-Gly-d-Trp-NMeNle-Asp-Phe-NH(2)) demonstrated opioid agonist properties at delta and mu receptors (IC(50) = 63 +/- 27 nM and 150 +/- 65 nM, respectively in MVD and GPI tissue assays) and high binding affinity at CCK-1 and CCK-2 receptors (K(i) = 320 and 1.5 nM, respectively). Compound 9 (Tyr-d-Nle-Gly-Trp-Nle-Asp-Phe-NH(2)) displayed potent agonist activity at delta and mu receptors (IC(50) = 23 +/-10 nM and 210 +/- 52 nM, respectively in MVD and GPI tissue assays), with a balanced binding affinity for CCK-1 and CCK-2 receptors (K(i) = 9.6 and 15 nM, respectively). These results provide evidence supporting the concept that opioid and CCK receptors have overlapping pharmacophores required for binding affinity and biological activity and that designing overlapping pharmacophores of two peptides into a single peptide is a valid drug design approach.
Comparative safety and effectiveness of vedolizumab to tumour necrosis factor antagonist therapy for Crohn's disease (2020)

There was a lower risk of non-infectious serious adverse events, but not serious infections, with vedolizumab vs TNF-antagonist therapy, with no significant difference for achieving disease remission.
Generalising tractable VCSPs defined by symmetric tournament pair multimorphisms (2010)

We study optimisation problems that can be formulated as valued constraint satisfaction problems (VCSP). A problem from VCSP is characterised by a \emph{constraint language}, a fixed set of cost functions taking finite and infinite costs over a finite domain. An instance of the problem is specified by a sum of cost functions from the language and the goal is to minimise the sum. We are interested in \emph{tractable} constraint languages; that is, languages that give rise to VCSP instances solvable in polynomial time. Cohen et al. (AIJ'06) have shown that constraint languages that admit the MJN multimorphism are tractable. Moreover, using a minimisation algorithm for submodular functions, Cohen et al. (TCS'08) have shown that constraint languages that admit an STP (symmetric tournament pair) multimorphism are tractable. We generalise these results by showing that languages admitting the MJN multimorphism on a subdomain and an STP multimorphisms on the complement of the subdomain are tractable. The algorithm is a reduction to the algorithm for languages admitting an STP multimorphism.
Korkut and Aksay Reply: (2008)

A Reply to the Comment by Manuel Gamero-Castaño.Received 18 March 2008DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.059402©2008 American Physical Society
2D materials advances: from large scale synthesis and controlled heterostructures to improved characterization techniques, defects and applications (2016)

The rise of two-dimensional (2D) materials research took place following the isolation of graphene in 2004. These new 2D materials include transition metal dichalcogenides, mono-elemental 2D sheets, and several carbide- and nitride-based materials. The number of publications related to these emerging materials has been drastically increasing over the last five years. Thus, through this comprehensive review, we aim to discuss the most recent groundbreaking discoveries as well as emerging opportunities and remaining challenges. This review starts out by delving into the improved methods of producing these new 2D materials via controlled exfoliation, metal organic chemical vapor deposition, and wet chemical means. We look into recent studies of doping as well as the optical properties of 2D materials and their heterostructures. Recent advances towards applications of these materials in 2D electronics are also reviewed, and include the tunnel MOSFET and ways to reduce the contact resistance for fabricating high-quality devices. Finally, several unique and innovative applications recently explored are discussed as well as perspectives of this exciting and fast moving field.
C1q and C1 Subcomponent Complexes in Otitis‐Prone and Non‐Otitis‐Prone Children A Prospective Study of Children during their First Years of Life (1989)

Children with recurrent acute otitis media (rAOM) often show reduced C1q concentrations and an excess of (C1r-C1s)2 complexes. It is not known if such C1 aberrations precede development of rAOM or are a consequence of the infections. For this reason, serial investigation of C1q and C1 subcomponent complexes from birth until the age of three was performed in 113 children, 13 of whom developed rAOM. C1q concentrations at birth were found to be lower in the rAOM group than in children who did not experience acute otitis media, and were also correlated with age at the time of the first AOM episode. However, the wide variation of C1q within the groups precluded the use of C1q as a predictive marker. Excess (C1r-C1s)2 complexes were consistently absent at birth. High concentrations were found in children with established otitis media and the complexes persisted in association with recurrent disease. In conclusion, the C1 aberrations characteristic of rAOM were mainly acquired as a result of infection.
Unusual Modification of CuCl or CuBr Films by He Plasma Exposure Resulting in Nanowire Formation (2009)

In this paper, we present a method for growing copper-based nanowires. The method is based on the unusual modification of a halogenated copper surface by exposure to a helium plasma. The nanowires have diameters ranging between 50 and 150 nm and lengths up to 50 microm. They are polycrystalline, and large parts of the wires have a pronounced core-shell structure with a dense shell and less material inside. The wires are grown in a plasma environment at room temperature, and large amounts can be grown in a matter of minutes. The critical process parameters for the growth process are the gas flow and pressure settings, and the impact thereof will be discussed in detail. In order to gain insight in a possible growth mechanism, our observations are compared with literature on the growth of silver whiskers from halogenated silver crystallites. Finally, photoluminescence spectra of the wires are discussed in view of the analytical data about the stoichiometry and structure of the nanowires.
Self-supervised relationship probing (2020)

Structured representations of images that model visual relationships are beneficial for many vision and vision-language applications. However, current human-annotated visual relationship datasets suffer from the long-tailed predicate distribution problem which limits the potential of visual relationship models. In this work, we introduce a self-supervised method that implicitly learns the visual relationships without relying on any ground-truth visual relationship annotations. Our method relies on 1) intra- and inter-modality encodings to respectively model relationships within each modality separately and jointly, and 2) relationship probing, which seeks to discover the graph structure within each modality. By leveraging masked language modeling, contrastive learning, and dependency tree distances for self-supervision, our method learns better object features as well as implicit visual relationships. We verify the effectiveness of our proposed method on various vision-language tasks that benefit from improved visual relationship understanding.
INPUT-MULTIPLICITY IN LUMPED-PARAMETER SYSTEMS (1985)

Input multiplicity is a situation in which different inputs can give the same output. In this work we identify the conditions leading to input multiplicity and present an efficient technique for dividing the parameter space into regions with different number of input states as well as with different types of bifurcation diagrams. It is shown that bounds on the values of the manipulated inputs have an important impact on the number of feasible solutions. The technique is illustrated with examples.
Urokinase mediates fibrinolysis in the pulmonary microvasculature (2000)

The role of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its receptor (uPAR) in fibrinolysis remains unsettled. The contribution of uPA may depend on the vascular location, the physical properties of the clot, and its impact on tissue function. To study the contribution of urokinase within the pulmonary microvasculature, a model of pulmonary microembolism in the mouse was developed. Iodine 125 (125I)–labeled fibrin microparticles injected intravenously through the tail vein lodged preferentially in the lung, distributing homogeneously throughout the lobes. Clearance of125I-microemboli in wild type mice was rapid and essentially complete by 5 hours. In contrast, uPA−/− and tissue-type plasminogen activator tPA−/− mice, but not uPAR−/− mice, showed a marked impairment in pulmonary fibrinolysis throughout the experimental period. The phenotype in the uPA−/− mouse was rescued completely by infusion of single chain uPA (scuPA). The increment in clot lysis was 4-fold greater in uPA−/− mice infused with the same concentration of scuPA complexed with soluble recombinant uPAR. These data indicate that uPA contributes to endogenous fibrinolysis in the pulmonary vasculature to the same extent as tPA in this model system. Binding of scuPA to its receptor promotes fibrinolytic activity in vivo as well as in vitro. The physical properties of fibrin clots, including size, age, and cellular composition, as well as heterogeneity in endothelial cell function, may modify the participation of uPA in endogenous fibrinolysis.