gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Chemical Structure on the Cracking and Coking of Archipelago Model Compounds Representative of Asphaltenes (2012)

Cracking and coke formation of a series of pyrene-based model compounds were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and microreactor experiments. The structure of the model compounds is that of a three-island archipelago, consisting of two pyrenyl groups joined to a central aromatic or heteroaromatic group by ethano bridges. The molecular weights of these compounds range from 459–679 g/mol and have sufficiently high boiling points to remain liquid under the reaction conditions. TGA measured the cracking kinetics and the coke yield of each compound, where coke yield was defined as the solid residue remaining after a 10 °C/min ramp to 500 °C, followed by isothermal heating at 500 °C for 15 min. Microreactor experiments provided the yield and structure of both cracked and addition products. Analysis of the reaction products by gas chromatography, mass spectrometry (MS), high-pressure liquid chromatography, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization MS, and tandem MS/MS show that the initial cracked fragments combined to form larger structures through a process of alkyl–alkyl and, to a lesser extent, alkyl–aryl C–C bond-forming reactions. The most likely mechanism for these processes includes a sequence of free-radical addition reactions to an unsaturated bond, followed by rearrangement(s), dehydrogenation, and/or further cracking. Compounds with heteroatoms incorporated in the central ring typically gave higher yields of coke and different selectivity of the cracked products, compared to hydrocarbon compounds. The change in cracking selectivity is attributed to several possible factors including a neophyl–like rearrangement, while the coke yield is governed by the rate of addition reactions, as well as the nature and reactivity of both the starting compound and the initially formed products. To test the hypothesis that molecular alignment and aggregation play a role in the observed coke yield, six model compounds were examined for liquid crystalline behavior under cross-polarized light microscopy. In this series of compounds, the coke yield increased as the isotropic temperature decreased.
Engineering, Purification and Applications of His-Tagged Recombinant Antibody Fragments with Specificity for the Major Birch Pollen Allergen, Bet v1 (2000)

Type I allergy, an immunodisorder affecting almost 20% of the population worldwide, is based on the production of IgE antibodies against per se harmless allergens. We report the expression of hexahistidine-tagged antibody fragments (Fabs) with specificity for Bet v1, the major birch pollen allergen, in Escherichia coli. The cDNA coding for the heavy chain fragment of a mouse monoclonal anti-Bet v1 antibody, Bip 1, was engineered by PCR to contain a hexahistidine-encoding 3' end. The modified Bip1 heavy chain cDNA was co-expressed in E. coli XL-1 Blue with the Bip 1 light chain cDNA using the combinatorial plasmid pComb3H. His-tagged recombinant (r) Bip 1 Fabs were isolated by nickel affinity chromatography and rBip 1 Fabs without His-tag were purified via affinity to rBet v1. rBip 1 Fabs with and without His-tag bound specifically to rBet v1 and, like Bet v1 -specific human serum IgE and rabbit-anti rBet v1 antibodies, cross-reacted with Bet v1-related allergens in other plant-species (alder, oak, hazelnut). We demonstrate the usefulness of His-tagged rBip 1 Fabs (1) for the identification of pollen samples containing Bet v 1 by particle blotting, (2) forthe detection of Bet v1-specific IgE antibodies in human serum samples by sandwich ELISA and (3) for the quantification of Bet v1 in solution. Based on these examples we suggest to use rBip 1 Fabs for the detection of Bet v1 and Bet v1-related allergens in natural allergen sources for allergy prevention, as well as for the standardization of natural allergen extracts produced for diagnosis and immunotherapy of birch pollen allergy.
Synthesis and Characterization of a Membrane-Spanning Porphinatoiron(II) (1990)

Abstract A new tetraphenylporphinatoiron(II) having a couple of four amphiphilic chains on both sides of the porphyrin ring plane, 5,10,15,20-tetra(2′,6′-di(20″-hydroxy-2″,2″-dimethylicosanoyloxy)phenyl)porphinatoiron, was synthesized as a model for membrane intrinsic proteins. It was well incorporated in the liposomal bilayer and characterized. The complex with 1-dodecylimidazole embedded in phospholipid bilayer formed an oxygen adduct in water at 25 °C.
Embryonic Stem–Derived Versus Somatic Neural Stem Cells: A Comparative Analysis of Their Developmental Potential and Molecular Phenotype (2005)

Reliable procedures to induce neural commitment of totipotent undifferentiated embryonic stem (ES) cells have provided new tools for investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying cell fate choices. We extensively characterized the developmental potential of ES-induced neural cells obtained using an adaptation of the multistep induction protocol. We provided evidence that ES-derived neural proliferating cells are endowed with stem cell properties such as extensive self-renewal capacity and single-cell multipotency. In differentiating conditions, cells matured exclusively into neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. All these features have been previously described in only somatic neural stem cells (NSCs). Therefore, we consider it more appropriate to rename our cells ES-derived NSCs. These similarities between the two NSC populations induced us to carefully compare their proliferation ability and differentiation potential. Although they were very similar in overall behavior, we scored specific differences. For instance, ES-derived NSCs proliferated at higher rate and consistently generated a higher number of neurons compared with somatic NSCs. To further investigate their relationships, we carried out a molecular analysis comparing their transcriptional profiles during proliferation. We observed a large fraction of shared expressed transcripts, including genes previously described to be critical in defining somatic NSC traits. Among the genes differently expressed, candidate genes possibly responsible for divergences between the two cell types were selected and further investigated. In particular, we showed that an enhanced MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) signaling is acting in ES-induced NSCs, probably triggered by insulin-like growth factor-II. This may contribute to the high proliferation rate exhibited by these cells in culture.
Large-Scale Sequence Analysis of Avian Influenza Isolates (2006)

The spread of H5N1 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) from China to Europe has raised global concern about their potential to infect humans and cause a pandemic. In spite of their substantial threat to human health, remarkably little AIV whole-genome information is available. We report here a preliminary analysis of the first large-scale sequencing of AIVs, including 2196 AIV genes and 169 complete genomes. We combine this new information with public AIV data to identify new gene alleles, persistent genotypes, compensatory mutations, and a potential virulence determinant.
BAY-6096: A Potent, Selective, and Highly Water-Soluble Adrenergic α2B Antagonist (2023)

After acute myocardial infarction, early reperfusion is the most effective strategy for reducing cardiac damage and improving clinical outcome. However, restoring blood flow to the ischemic myocardium can paradoxically induce injury by itself (reperfusion injury), with microvascular dysfunction being one contributing factor. α<sub>2B</sub> adrenergic receptors have been hypothesized to be involved in this process. To assess α<sub>2B</sub>-related pharmacology, we identified a novel α<sub>2B</sub> antagonist by HTS. The HTS hit showed limited α<sub>2A</sub> selectivity as well as low solubility and was optimized toward BAY-6096, a potent, selective, and highly water-soluble α<sub>2B</sub> antagonist. Key aspects of the optimization were the introduction of a permanently charged pyridinium moiety to achieve very good aqueous solubility and the inversion of an amide to prevent genotoxicity. BAY-6096 dose-dependently reduced blood pressure increases in rats induced by an α<sub>2B</sub> agonist, demonstrating the role of α<sub>2B</sub> receptors in vascular constriction in rats.
Local multipath model parameters for generating 5G millimeter-wave 3GPP-like channel impulse response (2016)

This paper presents 28 GHz and 73 GHz empirically-derived large-scale and small-scale channel model parameters that characterize average temporal and angular properties of multipaths. Omnidirectional azimuth scans at both the transmitter and receiver used high gain directional antennas, from which global 3GPP modeling parameters for the mean global azimuth and zenith spreads of arrival were found to be 22° and 6.2° at 28 GHz, and 37.1° and 3.8° at 73 GHz, respectively, in non-line of sight (NLOS). Small-scale spatial measurements at 28 GHz reveal a mean cross-polar ratio for individual multipath components of 29.7 dB and 16.7 dB in line of sight and NLOS, respectively. Small-scale parameters extracted using the KPowerMeans algorithm yielded on average 5.3 and 4.6 clusters at 28 GHz and 73 GHz, respectively, in NLOS. The time cluster - spatial lobe (TCSL) modeling approach uses an alternative physically-based binning procedure and recreates 3GPP model parameters to generate channel impulse responses, as well as new parameters like the RMS lobe angular spreads useful in quantifying millimeter-wave directionality. The TCSL algorithm faithfully reproduces first- and second-order statistics of measured millimeter-wave channels.
Practical Dynamic Searchable Encryption with Small Leakage. (2013)

(DSSE) enables a client to encrypt his document collection in a way that it is still searchable and efficiently updatable. However, all DSSE constructions that have been presented in the literature so far come with several problems: Either they leak a significant amount of information (e.g., hashes of the keywords contained in the updated document) or are inefficient in terms of space or search/update time (e.g., linear in the number of documents). In this paper we revisit the DSSE problem. We propose the first DSSE scheme that achieves the best of both worlds, i.e., both small leakage and efficiency. In particular, our DSSE scheme leaks significantly less information than any other previous DSSE construction and supports both updates and searches in sublinear time in the worst case, maintaining at the same time a data structure of only linear size. We finally provide an implementation of our construction, showing its practical efficiency. I.
Redfish Green500 Benchmarker (RGB): Towards Automation of the Green500 Process for Data Centers (2020)

The goal of this research study is to develop and demonstrate methods to automate benchmarking the energy efficiency of high performance computing systems based on the Green500 methodology via direct measurements obtained from the baseboard management controllers using Redfish standard, instead of via an external power meter and a manual process. To achieve this goal, we have designed and developed an automatic Green500 benchmark tool based on Redfish, called RGB (Redfish Green500 Benchmarker). This tool also evaluates implementations of the Redfish standard to determine their ability to meet the requirements of the Green500 benchmarking protocols. We further develop another tool, RGB Checker, which checks the level of the accuracy and the precision of the RGB tool based on the Redfish standard. We have performed validation tests using these tools on a production cluster, on several different testbeds with various types of servers, and on a simulated environment.
Overview of gate linewidth control in the manufacture of CMOS logic chips (1995)

This paper is an overview of the methods used at the Burlington facility of the IBM Microelectronics Division to improve channel-length tolerance control in the manufacture of CMOS logic chips. We cover aspects of 1) the impact of channel-length control on chip performance, yield, and reliability; 2) our use of an electrical linewidth monitor which permits high-volume, accurate measurements to quantify polysilicon gate linewidth variability and its improvements; and 3) our efforts to reduce photolithographic and etching contributions to the linewidth variability.
Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV Inhibitors for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes (2010)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction In Vitro Assays and Animal Models for the Assessment of DPP-IV Inhibitors Substrate-Based DPP-IV Inhibitors Sitagliptin and Analogues Xanthines and Analogues Pharmacological Comparison of DPP-IV Inhibitors Concluding Remarks References
Desolvation‐Induced Highly Symmetrical Terbium(III) Single‐Molecule Magnet Exhibiting Luminescent Self‐Monitoring of Temperature (2023)

Abstract A conjunction of Single‐Molecule Magnet (SMM) behavior and luminescence thermometry is an emerging research line aiming at contactless read‐out of temperature in future SMM‐based devices. The shared working range between slow magnetic relaxation and the thermometric response is typically narrow or absent. We report Tb III ‐based emissive SMMs formed in a cyanido‐bridged framework whose properties are governed by the reversible structural transformation from [Tb III (H 2 O) 2 ][Co III (CN) 6 ] ⋅ 2.7H 2 O ( 1 ) to its dehydrated phase, Tb III [Co III (CN) 6 ] ( 2 ). The 8‐coordinated complexes in 1 show the moderate SMM effect but it is enhanced for trigonal‐prismatic Tb III complexes in 2 , showing the SMM features up to 42 K. They are governed by the combination of QTM, Raman, and Orbach relaxation with the energy barrier of 594(18) cm −1 (854(26) K), one of the highest among the Tb III ‐based molecular nanomagnets. Both systems exhibit emission related to the f–f electronic transitions, with the temperature variations resulting in the optical thermometry below 100 K. The dehydration leads to a wide temperature overlap between the SMM behavior and thermometry, from 6 K to 42 K. These functionalities are further enriched after the magnetic dilution. The role of post‐synthetic formation of high‐symmetry Tb III complexes in achieving the SMM effect and hot‐bands‐based optical thermometry is discussed.
Automatic QFT controller design comparison with state space feedback (2001)

The Quantitative Feedback Theory idea is an interesting concept in the scope of robust controller design and represents an alternative way to the μ-synthesis. Particularly, it allows to obtain controllers less conservative than other control design methods like those based on H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">∞</sub> optimisation. Nevertheless the design of automatic loop shaping algorithms is a complex question and remains an open topic. This paper presents an automatic QFT closed loop controller design based on a 2 steps optimisation algorithm, its application to a double resonant DC/DC converter regulation and compares the results with those obtained with an optimal control state space feedback law using switching gains.
The Postcentral Somatosensory Cortex (1981)

Many of our present day concepts of the organization of somatosensory cortex stem from the landmark study of Woolsey, Marshall and Bard, first published in 1937 (7) and then more completely in 1942 (21). These investigators documented important features of the overall organization of the postcentral parietal cortex in Macaca mulatta by recording evoked potentials from the surface of the brain. The basic procedure was to determine the portion of the body surface (the receptive field), where movements of hairs or punctate stimulations of glabrous surfaces with a cat’s vibrissa were capable of evoking responses at a given recording site and to repeat the procedure for a grid of closely spaced recording sites. By removing parts of the brain, they were even able to explore cortical surfaces buried in the central sulcus and on the medial wall of the cerebral hemisphere. These studies led to several important conclusions: (a) the region of postcentral cortex activated by tactile somatic stimuli includes the separate architectonic fields 3 (3a and 3b), 1 and 2 of Brodmann; (b) the cortex is activated almost exclusively from the contralateral half of the body; (c) there is an orderly representation of body parts, with a medial to lateral sequence across cortex from tail to tongue along the body; (d) the cortical organization does not exactly reflect the body surface, so that there are displacements in the cortical map; one clear example given was the separation in cortex of the representation of the face from the caudal head; and (e) the skin surfaces with the greatest tactile acuity have the largest cortical projection areas.
Are droplets really suitable for single-cell analysis? A case study on yeast in droplets (2021)

Single-cell analysis has become one of the main cornerstones of biotechnology, inspiring the advent of various microfluidic compartments for cell cultivation such as microwells, microtrappers, microcapillaries, and droplets. A fundamental assumption for using such microfluidic compartments is that unintended stress or harm to cells derived from the microenvironments is insignificant, which is a crucial condition for carrying out unbiased single-cell studies. Despite the significance of this assumption, simple viability or growth tests have overwhelmingly been the assay of choice for evaluating culture conditions while empirical studies on the sub-lethal effect on cellular functions have been insufficient in many cases. In this work, we assessed the effect of culturing cells in droplets on the cellular function using yeast morphology as an indicator. Quantitative morphological analysis using CalMorph, an image-analysis program, demonstrated that cells cultured in flasks, large droplets, and small droplets significantly differed morphologically. From these differences, we identified that the cell cycle was delayed in droplets during the G1 phase and during the process of bud growth likely due to the checkpoint mechanism and impaired mitochondrial function, respectively. Furthermore, comparing small and large droplets, cells cultured in large droplets were morphologically more similar to those cultured in a flask, highlighting the advantage of increasing the droplet size. These results highlight a potential source of bias in cell analysis using droplets and reinforce the significance of assessing culture conditions of microfluidic cultivation methods for specific study cases.
Analyzing Reduction Abstraction Capabilities (2021)

Reductions are a common pattern in parallel programming, and every parallel programming language or framework has its own reduction abstraction with its own idiosyncrasies. These abstractions differ not only in their syntax, but also in their semantics and their ability to express certain types of reduction. Such differences may prevent specific combinations of abstraction and hardware platform from reaching high levels of performance, with consequences for portability and programmer productivity. In this paper, we present a set of representative reduction benchmarks to explore the capabilities of five contemporary programming languages and frameworks - OpenMP, Kokkos, RAJA, SYCL, and the oneAPI DPC++ Library (oneDPL) - across a variety of hardware platforms, including CPUs and GPUs from multiple vendors. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each reduction abstraction, and conclude with recommendations to improve their design and implementation.
A Robust and Energy Efficient NOMA-Enabled Hybrid VLC/RF Wireless Network (2019)

The present work investigates the performance of non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) in a hybrid visible light communication (VLC) / radio frequency (RF) wireless network. In particular, we investigate the energy efficiency of the proposed architecture assuming imperfect channel state information (CSI), which is a realistic assumption that is encountered in practical indoor and outdoor wireless communication scenarios. We demonstrate that the performance of the proposed scheme in terms of energy efficiency outperforms by four-fold the corresponding performance of its orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) counterpart. In addition, it is shown that the energy efficiency of the proposed scheme is more robust to CSI errors and line of sight (LOS) variations than the OFDMA-based scheme, which appears to be more susceptible to the CSI error and the LOS availability probability. Finally, our findings reveal that the performance gain of NOMA over OFDMA in the considered hybrid VLC/RF set up is directly proportional to the probability of LOS availability. These results are expected to be useful in the efficient design and efficient operation of hybrid VLC/RF wireless systems.
Wideband Electroabsorption Modulator for Analog Applications (2007)

Abstract : There were two main technical objectives of this program with respect to the investigation of the high speed waveguide electroabsorption (EA) modulator, namely: (1) Design and fabrication of a waveguide modulator with a widened optical waveguide for easy packaging and lower insertion loss, and (2) interfacing with Infotonics for their fiber packaging effort of the modulator. In addition, an examination of the limits to Radio Frequency (RF) link gain, noise figure and spurious free dynamic range (SFDR) of the EA modulator was accomplished. This program produced the following accomplishments: 1) Finished a design for the modulator with large optical waveguide to improve the coupling in materials structure of either bulk InGaAsP or multiple quantum wells. The design has been fabricated at UCSD and repeated at a commercial foundry. 2) Examined the limits of RF link gain, noise figure and SFDR of EA modulators.
Corrigendum: SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants: burden of disease, impact on vaccine effectiveness and need for variant-adapted vaccines (2023)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1130539.].
SmartWork (2019)

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Analysis of Network Structure of UV-Cured Acrylates by1H NMR Relaxation,13C NMR Spectroscopy, and Dynamic Mechanical Experiments (2001)

The network structure of UV-cured acrylates was analyzed by dynamic mechanical experiments, 1H T2 NMR relaxation, and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Photocured mixtures of difunctional (poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate) and monofunctional (2-ethylhexyl acrylate) were studied. The mean cross-link density and fraction of dangling chains were varied in these networks by changing the content of monofunctional acrylate. Examining networks by 13C NMR spectroscopy, we observed that the conversion is high, and the contribution or the effect of side reactions that generate extra cross-links is negligible. The spatial distribution of cross-links is very heterogeneous in the cured samples; i.e., polyacrylate ziplike network junctions are interconnected by polyether chains. An increase in the content of monofunctional monomer causes a significant decrease in the cross-link density because the monofunctional monomer acts as a chain extender. NMR T2 relaxation method shows good correlation with mechanical tests with respect to molar mass between cross-links, Mc. Obtained values of Mc are significantly smaller compared to molar mass of diacrylate. As anticipated, it is apparent that classical rubber elasticity theories are not applicable for characterization of this type of networks containing ziplike network junctions.