gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultra-wideband, long distance WDM demonstrationof1 Tbit/s (50 × 20 Gbit/s), 600 km transmission using 1550 and 1580 nmwavelength bands (1998)

Long-distance terabit wavelength division multiplexing transmission using two wavelength bands simultaneously is reported. 20 channels in the 1550 nm band and 30 channels in the 1580 nm band, all carrying 20 Gbit/s, are transmitted over 600 km of singlemode fibre.
Measurement of prompt $\rm{D_{s}^{+}}$-meson production and azimuthal anisotropy in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 5.02$ TeV (2021)

The production yield and angular anisotropy of prompt D-s(+) mesons were measured as a function of transverse momentum (p(T)) in Pb-Pb collisions at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair root s(NN) = 5.02 TeV collected with the ALICE detector at the LHC. D-s(+) mesons and their charge conjugates were reconstructed at midrapidity (vertical bar y vertical bar &lt; 0.5) from their hadronic decay channel D-s(+) -&gt; phi pi(+), with phi -&gt; K-K+, in the p(T) intervals 2 &lt; p(T) &lt; 50 GeV/c and 2 &lt; p(T) &lt; 36 GeV/c for the 0-10% and 30-50% centrality intervals. For p(T) &gt; 10 GeV/c, the measured D-s(+)-meson nuclear modification factor R-AA is consistent with the one of non-strange D mesons within uncertainties, while at lower p(T) a hint for a D-s(+)-meson R-AA larger than that of non-strange D mesons is seen. The enhanced production of D-s(+) relative to non-strange D mesons is also studied by comparing the p(T)-dependent D-s(+)/D-0 production yield ratios in Pb-Pb and in pp collisions. The ratio measured in Pb-Pb collisions is found to be on average higher than that in pp collisions in the interval 2 &lt; p(T) &lt; 8 GeV/c with a significance of 2.3 sigma and 2.4 sigma for the 0-10% and 30-50% centrality intervals. The azimuthal anisotropy coefficient v(2) of prompt D-s(+) mesons was measured in Pb-Pb collisions in the 30-50% centrality interval and is found to be compatible with that of non-strange D mesons. The main features of the measured R-AA, D-s(+)/D-0 ratio, and v(2) as a function of p(T) are described by theoretical calculations of charm-quark transport in a hydrodynamically expanding quark-gluon plasma including hadronisation via charm-quark recombination with light quarks from the medium. The p(T)-integrated production yield of D-s(+) mesons is compatible with the prediction of the statistical hadronisation model. (c) 2022 European Organization for Nuclear Research, ALICE. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Funded by SCOAP(3).
A tale of two chamomiles: profiling the differences between Tripleurospermum tempskyanum (Freyn & Sint.) Hayek and Matricaria recutita L (2022)

Matricaria and Tripleurospermum (Anthemideae, Asteraceae) are two closely related genera with a wide distribution across the Mediterranean basin. Until recently, the multitude of morphological similarities constituted a cause of taxonomic confusion among botanists, with several Tripleurospermum species being attributed to the Matricaria genus in nomenclature. Nevertheless, in recent years, studies around the genome of those plants assisted to the definite separation of the two genera [1]. In this context, the present work describes the phytochemical investigation of the aerial parts of the common chamomille, M. recutita (Mr) and T. temspkyanum (Tt), a rare species which has only been encountered in certain parts of Greece and Turkey.
Photon localization In parametric downconversion (1988)

Quantum mechanical models of beam splitters 1 predict interesting fourth-order interference effects when nonclassical light is used. If indistinguishable one-photon states are simultaneously input into each port of a 50/50 beam splitter, the theory predicts that each output will contain either two photons or none. A naive (particle) theory would predict a mixture of two’s and one’s. The required |1,1〉 photon state can be selected in nondegenerate parametric downconversion experiments by photon-counting coincidence detection. The disappearance of this coincidence after a beam splitter has recently been studied, 1-2 and the range of path length differences over which the effect can be seen is related by Fourier transform to the photon bandwidth. In our work the bandwidth is not limited by external filters, and we have developed a theory which relates the measured photon length to the geometry of the apparatus and the detailed phase matching conditions at the parametric crystal. This theory of phase matching viewed through a beam splitter produces some unexpected results when the beam splitter is tilted and when large aperture detectors are considered.
Amino-Alkylphosphonate-Grafted TiO2: How the Alkyl Chain Length Impacts the Surface Properties and the Adsorption Efficiency for Pd (2022)

Amino-alkylphosphonic acid-grafted TiO<sub>2</sub> materials are of increasing interest in a variety of applications such as metal sorption, heterogeneous catalysis, CO<sub>2</sub> capture, and enzyme immobilization. To date, systematic insights into the synthesis-properties-performance correlation are missing for such materials, albeit giving important know-how towards their applicability and limitations. In this work, the impact of the chain length and modification conditions (concentration and temperature) of amino-alkylphosphonic acid-grafted TiO<sub>2</sub> on the surface properties and adsorption performance of palladium is studied. Via grafting with aminomethyl-, 3-aminopropyl-, and 6-aminohexylphosphonic acid, combined with the spectroscopic techniques (DRIFT, <sup>31</sup>P NMR, XPS) and zeta potential measurements, differences in surface properties between the C1, C3, and C6 chains are revealed. The modification degree decreases with increasing chain length under the same synthesis conditions, indicative of folded grafted groups that sterically shield an increasing area of binding sites with increasing chain length. Next, all techniques confirm the different surface interactions of a C1 chain compared to a C3 or C6 chain. This is in line with palladium adsorption experiments, where only for a C1 chain, the adsorption efficiency is affected by the precursor concentration used for modification. The absence of a straightforward correlation between the number of free NH<sub>2</sub> groups and the adsorption capacity for the different chain lengths indicates that other chain-length-specific surface interactions are controlling the adsorption performance. The increasing pH stability in the order of C1 < C3 < C6 can possibly be associated to a higher fraction of inaccessible hydrophilic sites due to the presence of folded structures. Lastly, the comparison of adsorption performance and pH stability with 3-aminopropyl(triethoxysilane)-grafted TiO<sub>2</sub> reveals the applicability of both grafting methods depending on the envisaged pH during sorption.
Oligomerization of Ethylene Using a Diphosphine Palladium Catalyst (2017)

The palladium diphosphine complex 4 converts ethylene to hyperbranched unsaturated oligomers (Mn ≈ 330 g/mol) at 22 °C. In addition to the high stability of this catalyst observed at temperatures up to 75 °C, an increase of the reaction temperature leads to a decrease in branching densities of the oligomers, in sharp contrast to the palladium and nickel diimine catalyst systems. One-pot oligomerizations/hydrogenations were carried out to form hyperbranched saturated oligomers.
Referral for disease-related visual impairment using retinal photograph-based deep learning: a proof-of-concept, model development study (2020)

National Medical Research Council, Singapore.
Low-Power Silicon-Area-Efficient Image Segmentation Based on a Pixel-Block Scanning Architecture (2009)

We report a pixel-block scanning-image-segmentation very large scale integration (VLSI) architecture based on a region-growing approach. The input image is divided into pixel blocks in order to process parts of the image in parallel while the pixel status data of the complete image is stored in embedded memory banks. Using the two techniques of (i) limited scan to the boundary of each grown region and (ii) continued block-internal region growing, we have improved the overall segmentation speed and power consumption in comparison to a previous solution. We evaluated the segmentation performance by MATLAB simulation and with a complete application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) design in the case of a one-dimensional scan. Low power dissipation of 44.7 mW and a segmentation performance of 1,000 fps at 8.6 MHz could be achieved. For a two-dimensional scan the block shape and size can be chosen with increased flexibility, and can be optimized to fulfill many different segmentation-speed, power-consumption, and implementation-area requirements. In particular, the pixel-parallel segmentation-unit area can be drastically reduced to 1/10 by changing the pixel-block size from 80 ×2 to 4 ×4 pixels, which still enables real-time segmentation performance.
Three-dimensional modeling for virtual relic restoration (2000)

Relics change in quality when excavated from ruins and exposed to air and/or sunlight. This is one reason why we developed a new computer-based method to record and preserve archaeological properties. We propose a new method of 3D modeling of a relic shard that achieves sufficient accuracy and efficiency. With this approach, a single relic shard is scanned twice with a laser range finder, once for the front face and another for the back face. After that, the two sets of shape data for the front and back faces are integrated using physical constraints of the shard shape. We also developed a virtual reality (VR) technology-based relic restoration environment. Since we can simulate the restoration of relics in the virtual relic restoration environment before bonding the original shards, we can reduce errors during the restoration of real relics that were unavoidable conventionally.
Study of hypernuclei by associated production (1991)

Data obtained by the associated production of \ensuremath{\Lambda} hypernuclei through the (${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\pi}}}^{+}$,${\mathit{K}}^{+}$) reaction are presented for a wide range of mass numbers. The special features which make this reaction useful are pointed out. The reaction is shown to be an excellent probe of \ensuremath{\Lambda} single-particle states, as demonstrated by the excitation of deeply bound states which are interpreted as the weak coupling of a \ensuremath{\Lambda} to neutron-hole states of the core. The \ensuremath{\Lambda} binding energies and ground-state production cross sections for $_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}}^{9}\mathrm{Be}$, $_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}}^{12}\mathrm{C}$, $_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}}^{16}\mathrm{O}$, $_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}}^{28}\mathrm{Si}$, $_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}}^{40}\mathrm{Ca}$, $_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}}^{51}\mathrm{V}$, and $_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}}^{89}\mathrm{Y}$ are presented.
Garrya‐Alkaloide, II. Mitteil. Weitere Versuche über den Abbau von Garryin und Veatchin (1953)

Abstract Es wird ein eindeutiger Beweis für die Anwesenheit einer Äthanolamin‐Gruppierung in den Garrya‐Alkaloiden erbracht, die eine eindeutige Formulierung der Oxydationsprodukte des Veatchins und der Oxoveatchine A und B ermöglicht. Weiterhin werden Umsetzungen der Garrya‐Alkaloide mit Grignard‐Verbindungen beschrieben. Die mit Äthylmagnesiumbromid erhaltenen Reaktionsprodukte liefern bei der Dehydrierung mit Selen 1‐Methyl‐7‐äthyl‐phenanthren und eine Base C 18 H 19 N, wahrscheinlich ein 9‐substituiertes Phenanthridin. Aus Dihydroveatchin wird mit Osmiumtetroxyd nach alkalischer Aufarbeitung Garryin erhalten. Die bei der Permanganat‐Oxydation von Garryin entstehenden Säuren liefern bei der Selendehydrierung Pimanthren (= 1.7‐Dimethyl‐phenanthren) und ein substituiertes Phenanthridin C 15 H 13 N. Das früher bei der Dehydrierung von Veatchin erhaltene Phenanthridin C 16 H 15 N läßt sich mit Permanganat zu Benzol‐tetracarbonsäure‐(1.2.3.4) abbauen. Die Struktur der Garrya‐Alkaloide wird diskutiert.
Conditional Myh9 and Myh10 inactivation in adult mouse renal epithelium results in progressive kidney disease (2020)

Actin-associated nonmuscle myosin II (NM2) motor proteins play critical roles in a myriad of cellular functions, including endocytosis and organelle transport pathways. Cell type-specific expression and unique subcellular localization of the NM2 proteins, encoded by the Myh9 and Myh10 genes, in the mouse kidney tubules led us to hypothesize that these proteins have specialized functional roles within the renal epithelium. Inducible conditional knockout (cKO) of Myh9 and Myh10 in the renal tubules of adult mice resulted in progressive kidney disease. Prior to overt renal tubular injury, we observed intracellular accumulation of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein uromodulin (UMOD) and gradual loss of Na+ K+ 2Cl- cotransporter from the apical membrane of the thick ascending limb epithelia. The UMOD accumulation coincided with expansion of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) tubules and activation of ER stress and unfolded protein response pathways in Myh9&10-cKO kidneys. We conclude that NM2 proteins are required for localization and transport of UMOD and loss of function results in accumulation of UMOD and ER stress-mediated progressive renal tubulointerstitial disease. These observations establish cell type-specific role(s) for NM2 proteins in regulation of specialized renal epithelial transport pathways and reveal the possibility that human kidney disease associated with MYH9 mutations could be of renal epithelial origin.
Connective tissue growth factor is a new ligand of epidermal growth factor receptor (2013)

Chronic kidney disease is reaching epidemic proportions worldwide and there is no effective treatment. Connective tissue growth factor&#13;\n(CCN2) has been suggested as a risk biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for renal diseases, but its specific receptor has not&#13;\nbeen identified. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) participates in kidney damage, but whether CCN2 activates the EGFR pathway&#13;\nis unknown. Here, we show that CCN2 is a novel EGFR ligand. CCN2 binding to EGFR extracellular domain was demonstrated by surface&#13;\nplasmon resonance. CCN2 contains four distinct structural modules. The carboxyl-terminal module (CCN2(IV)) showed a clear interaction with soluble EGFR, suggesting that EGFR-binding site is located in this module. Injection of CCN2(IV) in mice increased EGFR&#13;\nphosphorylation in the kidney, mainly in tubular epithelial cells. EGFR kinase inhibition decreased CCN2(IV)-induced renal changes&#13;\n(ERK activation and inflammation). Studies in cultured tubular epithelial cells showed that CCN2(IV) binds to EGFR leading to ERK activation and proinflammatory factors overexpression. CCN2 interacts with the neurotrophin receptor TrkA, and EGFR/TrkA receptor crosstalk was found in response to CCN2(IV) stimulation. Moreover, endogenous CCN2 blockade inhibited TGF-b-induced EGFR activation. These findings indicate that CCN2 is a novel EGFR ligand that contributes to renal damage through EGFR signalling
Supplementary Figure 1 from Pacritinib Combined with Sirolimus and Low-Dose Tacrolimus for GVHD Prevention after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: Preclinical and Phase I Trial Results (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Impact of JAK2 or STAT3 inhibition plus mTOR blockade on DC-allostimulated human T cell production of IFNγ, IL-13, and GM-CSF. 5-day alloMLRs were treated with DMSO vehicle control, pacritinib 1.25μM, S3I-201 5μM, sirolimus 10ng/ml, pacritinib plus sirolimus, or S3I-201 plus sirolimus. The graphs show the concentrations of A) IFNγ, B) IL-13, and C) GM-CSF (mean{plus minus}SEM) as measured in the supernatants of the culture medium by a cytokine multiplex assay.&lt;/p&gt;
Fiber-Optic Quantum Thermometry with Germanium-Vacancy Centers in Diamond (2019)

Accurate, high spatial resolution thermal measurements have provided fundamental insights into many fields of study; however, existing thermometer technology often suffers from one or more limitations, such as low spatial resolution, low accuracy, slow response time, or reliance on cumbersome equipment and invasive measurement techniques. In this work, the development of a highly accurate fiber-optic microthermometer employing exclusively optical interrogation of germanium-vacancy quantum emitters in diamond is presented. This thermometer possesses a thermal resolution of approximately 20 mK/Hz and a spatial resolution of 25 μm.
Selection of Pumping Configuration for Closed Water Distribution Systems (2016)

This paper provides an insight into the selection of the most suitable configuration for closed distribution systems (i.e., systems with no storage capacity). The analysis is developed considering a wide ranges of operational scenarios in terms of flows and required heads. For each scenario, various design configurations are considered and compared. Results show that using more than a minimum of pumps can have lower operational and total costs thanks to the pumps operating closer to their best efficiency point. Small additional benefits in terms of operational and total costs may be obtained as a result of the introduction of the variable speed drive in at least one of the station pumps. Similar costs are obtained in the configuration where large pumps are flanked by a small jockey pump operating at low demand times. The design solution made up of large pumps fitted with a downstream hydropneumatic tank also represents a valid alternative option from the economical viewpoint for small flows.
Machine Learning Models Identify Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 (2021)

With the rapidly evolving SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, there is an urgent need for the discovery of further treatments for the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Drug repurposing is one of the most rapid strategies for addressing this need, and numerous compounds have already been selected for <i>in vitro</i> testing by several groups. These have led to a growing database of molecules with <i>in vitro</i> activity against the virus. Machine learning models can assist drug discovery through prediction of the best compounds based on previously published data. Herein, we have implemented several machine learning methods to develop predictive models from recent SARS-CoV-2 <i>in vitro</i> inhibition data and used them to prioritize additional FDA-approved compounds for <i>in vitro</i> testing selected from our in-house compound library. From the compounds predicted with a Bayesian machine learning model, lumefantrine, an antimalarial was selected for testing and showed limited antiviral activity in cell-based assays while demonstrating binding (<i>K</i><sub>d</sub> 259 nM) to the spike protein using microscale thermophoresis. Several other compounds which we prioritized have since been tested by others and were also found to be active <i>in vitro</i>. This combined machine learning and <i>in vitro</i> testing approach can be expanded to virtually screen available molecules with predicted activity against SARS-CoV-2 reference WIV04 strain and circulating variants of concern. In the process of this work, we have created multiple iterations of machine learning models that can be used as a prioritization tool for SARS-CoV-2 antiviral drug discovery programs. The very latest model for SARS-CoV-2 with over 500 compounds is now freely available at www.assaycentral.org.
Expansion of a novel endogenous retrovirus throughout the pericentromeres of modern humans (2015)

Copying of K222 may have occurred through recombination of the pericentromeres of different chromosomes during human evolution. Evidence of recombination between K111 and K222 suggests that these retroviral sequences have been templates for frequent cross-over events during the process of centromere recombination in humans.
Altered Growth and Envelope Properties of Polylysogens Containing Bacteriophage Lambda N−cI− Prophages (2020)

The bacterial virus lambda (λ) is a temperate bacteriophage that can lysogenize host <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>E. coli</i>) cells. Lysogeny requires λ repressor, the <i>c</i>I gene product, which shuts off transcription of the phage genome. The λ N protein, in contrast, is a transcriptional antiterminator, required for expression of the terminator-distal genes, and thus, λ N mutants are growth-defective. When <i>E. coli</i> is infected with a λ double mutant that is defective in both N and cI (i.e., λ<i>N</i><sup>-</sup><i>c</i>I<sup>-</sup>), at high multiplicities of 50 or more, it forms polylysogens that contain 20-30 copies of the λ<i>N</i><sup>-</sup><i>c</i>I<sup>-</sup> genome integrated in the <i>E. coli</i> chromosome. Early studies revealed that the polylysogens underwent "conversion" to long filamentous cells that form tiny colonies on agar. Here, we report a large set of altered biochemical properties associated with this conversion, documenting an overall degeneration of the bacterial envelope. These properties reverted back to those of nonlysogenic <i>E. coli</i> as the metastable polylysogen spontaneously lost the λ<i>N</i><sup>-</sup><i>c</i>I<sup>-</sup> genomes, suggesting that conversion is a direct result of the multiple copies of the prophage. Preliminary attempts to identify lambda genes that may be responsible for conversion ruled out several candidates, implicating a potentially novel lambda function that awaits further studies.
Bladder and erectile dysfunctions in the Type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rat (2013)

Despite the fact that urogenito-sexual complications significantly impact the quality of life of diabetic patients, a robust in vivo experimental model is lacking. Bladder and erectile function in the Type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat and responses to standard-of-care treatments for each disorder have been assessed. GK rats (n = 25, 18-wk-old, GK/Par colony) and age-matched Wistar rats (n = 23), characterized for their metabolic parameters, were used. Bladder function was assessed by cystometry in conscious rats treated by intravenous solifenacin (1 mg/kg). Subsequently, erectile function was assessed under anesthesia following electrical stimulation of the cavernous nerve in presence of intravenous sildenafil (0.3 mg/kg). GK rats displayed detrusor overactivity with a significant increase in frequency/amplitude of nonvoiding contractions during the filling phase, together with an increase in bladder capacity, intercontraction interval, voided volume, and maximal pressure of voiding contraction. Solifenacin significantly decreased parameters characterizing voiding contractions without modifying voiding efficiency. Erectile function in GK rats was markedly impaired and remained so after sildenafil treatment despite a significant improvement. GK rats display both bladder and erectile dysfunctions and respond at least partially to standard-of-care treatments for each disorder, thus representing a suitable model to investigate the pathophysiology and assess the efficacy of new therapeutic agents for Type 2 diabetes-associated bladder and erectile complications.
Clinical Benefit of Long-Term Adalimumab Treatment in Patients With Crohn’s Disease Following Loss of Response or Intolerance to Infliximab: 96-Week Efficacy Data From GAIN/ADHERE Trials (2018)

Long-term adalimumab maintenance therapy led to sustained clinical remission and response, and steroid discontinuation in a considerable proportion of patients with CD previously treated with infliximab. No new safety signals were observed in this patient population.