gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Toward high-value gas sensing in wearable and distrubuted formats: Discrimination of complex patterns of volatiles using multi-response RFID sensors (2017)

Wearable and distributed sensors are attractive for monitoring of gases for environmental surveillance, industrial safety, and other applications. For these sensors to be of high value, they need suitable detection accuracy in complex backgrounds. Here, we show accurate detection of volatiles using low-cost sensors based on a radio-frequency identification (RFID) platform. Our design and excitation conditions of RFID sensors provide several outputs that result in three- and four-dimensional sensor response after multivariate spectral analysis. This high dimensionality of sensor response, achieved in measurements of multiple model vapors and complex patterns of volatiles, make these RFID sensors an attractive addition to high-end existing analytical instruments.
Ring-Selective Functionalization of N,N‘-Diarylureas by Regioselective N-Alkylation and Directed Ortho Metalation (2005)

[reaction: see text]. Unsymmetrical N,N'-diarylureas may be alkylated regioselectively at the more sterically congested nitrogen atom. The resulting mono-N-alkylated ureas undergo directed metalation (ortholithiation) with sec-BuLi to yield, on electrophilic quench, products functionalized regioselectively at the ring bearing the alkylated nitrogen atom.
SPACE-TIME SURFACE SIMPLIFICATION AND EDGEBREAKER COMPRESSION FOR 2D CEL ANIMATIONS (2002)

Digitized cel animations are typically composed of frames containing a small number of regions; each region contains pixels of the same color and exhibits a significant level of shape coherence through time.To exploit this coherence, we treat the stack of frames as a 3D volume and represent the evolution of each region by the bounding surface of the 3D sub-volume V that it sweeps out.To reduce transmission costs, we triangulate and simplify the bounding surface and then encode it using the Edgebreaker compression scheme.To restore a close approximation of the original animation, the client player decompresses the surface and produces the successive frames by intersecting V with constant-time planes.The intersection is generated in real-time with standard graphics hardware through an improved capping (i.e.solid clipping) technique, which correctly handles overlapping facets.We have tested this approach on real and synthetic black&white animations and report compression ratios that improve upon those produced using the MPEG, MRLE, and GZIP compression standards for an equivalent quality result.
Physical Properties of Hemoglobin Vesicles as Red Cell Substitutes (1996)

Hemoglobin vesicles (HbV) as red cell substitutes were prepared from a purified carbonylhemoglobin (HbCO) solution and a lipid mixture composed of phospholipids, cholesterol, and alpha-tocopherol. The diameter was controlled to 251 +/- 87 nm using an extrusion method; the vesicles penetrated through the membrane filters with regulated pore sizes. After the ligand exchanging reaction (HbCO-->HbO2), the oxygen affinity (P50) of HbV was 32 Torr, which was controlled with the coencapsulation of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. The rate of metHb formation in HbV was nonenzymatically reduced with the coencapsulation of DL-homocysteine. The Hb concentration of the HbV suspension, which was dispersed in a phosphate buffered saline solution (pH 7.4), was controlled at 10 g/dL. At this concentration, the total lipid concentration was 6.2 g/dL and the viscosity, 2.6 cP (230 s-1), was lower than that of the blood (4.4 cP). The HbV suspension showed a typical non-Newtonian flow for a particle dispersion and agreed well with the Casson model. The viscosity at shear rates lower than 23 s-1 showed a maximum with increasing the mixing ratio of human blood, plasma, or albumin, while no maximum was observed for the mixture with washed red blood cells. The aggregates of HbV are formed by interaction with plasma proteins, including albumin, while the aggregates reversibly dissociate at higher shear rate.
Noise Levels from Heavily Travelled Roads for Use with Environmental Noise Regulations in British Columbia and Alberta (2016)

Noise Impact Assessments (NIAs) for oil and gas facilities in British Columbia are typically conducted in accordance with the Noise Control Best Practices Guideline of the British Columbia Oil & Gas Commission (BC OGC). NIAs for industrial facilities in Alberta are typically conducted in accordance with Alberta Utilities Commission (AUC) Rule 012 or Alberta Energy Regulator (AER) Directive 038. The BC OGC Guideline, AUC Rule 012, and AER Directive 038 are very similar with respect to assessment methodology and compliance limits. All three documents require that noise be assessed cumulatively and, in particular, require that the contribution of heavily travelled roads be included when testing noise compliance for industrial facilities. All three documents endorse the same desktop technique for estimating A-weighted Ambient Sound Levels (ASLs) at various distances from heavily travelled roads. This paper compares ASL values estimated using the regulatory desktop technique and noise levels calculated using widely-accepted computer models of road traffic noise. Noise levels are compared for various receptor distances and various traffic levels. This paper uses modelled results to propose new ASL values for use in NIAs when traffic levels and/or receptor distances are not adequately addressed by the regulatory desktop technique.
Localized active-cladding optical fiber bend sensor (2010)

We present the design and fabrication of a novel fiber optic multiparameter bend sensor. Unlike current intrinsic fiber optic multiparameter bend sensors that depend on multiple cores or multiple fibers, the new sensor is based on three circumferential active-cladding point modifications on a single optical fiber at specific axial locations along the length of the fiber. A commercial 30-W CO2 laser is used to cut three point modifications in the plastic cladding of the fiber. Each of the three defects is filled with fluorophores (quantum dots) with different peak emission wavelengths. A 405-nm laser (operating at 10-mW) is used to excite the quantum dots, while a spectrometer, coupled to the fiber, measures the emission signals of each of the three fluorophores simultaneously. Results show that bending direction and degree of curvature at a single localized modification region can be expressed as a function of the three fluorescence intensities.
The physiology of wound bed preparation (2012)

CONCEPT OF WOUND BED PREPARATION The concept of wound bed preparation originally emerged primarily as a result of the development of advanced wound healing products, such as exogenous growth factors and bioengineered skin substitutes. It was recognized through careful clinical observation that chronic wounds must be properly prepared for these advanced products to be effective. This preparation included debridement of nonviable tissue and denatured extracellular matrix (ECM); control of bacterial burden and inﬂ ammation, establishing optimal moisture balance; and stimulation of epidermal cell migration at the wound edge.
Abstract 4071: A novel combination therapy of high intensity focused ultrasound and PDL1 blockades against advanced breast cancer (2019)

Abstract Background: Previous studies have reported that tumor debris and inflammation made by high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) therapy induced the antitumor immune response, however, HIFU as a monotherapy is still not potent enough to eradicate tumors and treat distant metastasis. We have reported that mechanical HIFU (M-HIFU), that will mechanically destroy tumor cells/tissues through acoustic cavitation, induced stronger antitumor immune response compared to conventional thermal HIFU (T-HIFU) that will cause thermal ablation of tumors. In the present study, we established an immune based combination therapy of M-HIFU and immune checkpoint blockade to enhance systemic antitumor immune response and treated distant/metastatic tumors in murine breast cancer models. Methods and Results: HER2 oncogene-dependent murine breast cancer cell line, MM3MG-HER2, was established in our lab. In mice with bilateral implantation of MM3MG-HER2 tumors, M-HIFU monotherapy induced stronger HER2-specific cellular response and inhibited the growth of HIFU-untreated distant tumors as well as HIFU treated-tumors, more potently than T-HIFU. Flow cytometry and immunohistochemical analysis of tumor microenvironment revealed significantly stronger accumulation of activated T cell and NK cells in M-HIFU-treated tumors. On the other hand, M-HIFU induced stronger expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) on various immune cells in both sides of tumors than T-HIFU therapy or no treatment control. Based on these findings, we investigated the combination therapy of M-HIFU and PD-1/PD-L1 axis blockades, and found significantly enhanced tumor-specific cellular immune response compared to each monotherapy, which resulted in improved therapeutic effect against distant tumors as well as HIFU treated-tumors. Furthermore, immune cell depletion studies demonstrated that both CD8+ T cells and NK cells played an essential role for the antitumor efficacy in this combinatory therapy against both HIFU-treated tumors and untreated distant tumors. Conclusion: this study provides strong rational evidence that M-HIFU combined with PD-1/PD-L1 axis blockades could be a promising treatment strategy against advanced breast cancer with metastatic lesion. Citation Format: Shinya Abe, Takuya Osada, Kensuke Kaneko, Pei Zhong, Herbert K. Lyerly. A novel combination therapy of high intensity focused ultrasound and PDL1 blockades against advanced breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4071.
INTERPRETATION OF DEFORMATIONAL BEHAVIOR OBSERVED DURING EXCAVATION CONDUCTED TO ENLARGE CROSS SECTION OF AN OLD TUNNEL (2009)

増大する交通量に対応するために，1960年代に在来工法で建設した2車線道路トンネル（天王山トンネル）を拡幅することとなった．本トンネルの建設はかなりの難工事であったことから，慎重な調査，計画をもって拡幅工事に臨んだが，結果的には地山の変位も小さく収まり，十分な安全性を確保しながら工事を終えることができた．この背景には，トンネル周辺に形成されたと思われるグランドリングとその構造特性の経時変化が大きく関わっていると考えられる．本論文では，拡幅工事に先立って行われた様々な調査，試験，また工事中に行われた変位計測の結果等を分析することにより，地山のゆるみ域，グランドリングなどの構造特性が既設トンネルの拡幅・改修工事にどのような影響を及ぼすのかについて考察した．
Implémentation d'un amplificateur de puissance pour un système de localisation ultra large bande dédié aux situations d'urgence (2013)

National audience
Preparation of Bi4Ti3O12 Thin Film on Si(100) Substrate Using Bi2SiO5 Buffer Layer and Its Electric Characterization (1998)

Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12 thin films 100, 200 and 400 nm thick were prepared on Si(100) substrates using 30 nm Bi 2 SiO 5 as a buffer layer, by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). It was demonstrated that c -axis-oriented Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12 films can be grown on Si substrates at 500°C using an a -axis-oriented Bi 2 SiO 5 buffer layer. The dielectric constant of the Bi 2 SiO 5 film was estimated to be about 30 from capacitance measurements. The capacitance-vs-voltage ( C - V ) characteristics of Pt/Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12 /Bi 2 SiO 5 /Si (MFIS) structures had ferroelectric switching properties, and the memory windows were about 0.8, 1.5 and 2.9 V for 100, 200 and 400 nm Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12 , respectively. Furthermore, it was shown that the capacitance at zero bias remains almost constant for 12 days. This suggests that Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12 /Bi 2 SiO 5 /Si MFIS structures have excellent memory retention properties.
Unexpected Remarkable Stability of Primary Ozonides Derived from Alkenyl Stannanes. One-Pot Synthesis of 1,2-Diols from Alkynes (2002)

Primary ozonides derived from alkenyl stannanes display an unusual stability and can be transformed into 1,2-diols by treatment with dimethyl sulfide and borane-methyl sulfide complex. This observation has been incorporated into the development of a novel one-pot strategy for the conversion of alkynes into 1,2-diols.
ChemInform Abstract: Amphiphilic Polyenic Push—Pull Chromophores for Nonlinear Optical Applications. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
AI Descartes: Combining Data and Theory for Derivable Scientific\n Discovery (2021)

Scientists have long aimed to discover meaningful formulae which accurately\ndescribe experimental data. A common approach is to manually create\nmathematical models of natural phenomena using domain knowledge, and then fit\nthese models to data. In contrast, machine-learning algorithms automate the\nconstruction of accurate data-driven models while consuming large amounts of\ndata. The problem of incorporating prior knowledge in the form of constraints\non the functional form of a learned model (e.g., nonnegativity) has been\nexplored in the literature. However, finding models that are consistent with\nprior knowledge expressed in the form of general logical axioms (e.g.,\nconservation of energy) is an open problem. We develop a method to enable\nprincipled derivations of models of natural phenomena from axiomatic knowledge\nand experimental data by combining logical reasoning with symbolic regression.\nWe demonstrate these concepts for Kepler's third law of planetary motion,\nEinstein's relativistic time-dilation law, and Langmuir's theory of adsorption,\nautomatically connecting experimental data with background theory in each case.\nWe show that laws can be discovered from few data points when using formal\nlogical reasoning to distinguish the correct formula from a set of plausible\nformulas that have similar error on the data. The combination of reasoning with\nmachine learning provides generalizeable insights into key aspects of natural\nphenomena. We envision that this combination will enable derivable discovery of\nfundamental laws of science and believe that our work is an important step\ntowards automating the scientific method.\n
Time-Dependent Alginate/Polyvinyl Alcohol Hydrogels as Injectable Cell Carriers (2009)

Alginate hydrogels have been widely utilized as cell carriers due to their simplicity for fabricating cell-immobilized gel beads or 3-dimentional porous scaffolds, biocompatibility and non-toxicity to cells. Generally alginate hydrogels have been produced by contacting alginate solution with CaCl(2) as a cross-linking agent. However, the major disadvantages of this system are that the gelation rate is too fast and hard to control, and the prepared alginate gels cannot be injected. Injectable alginates have been prepared by using CaSO(4) or CaCO(3) as a cross-linking agent. However, the gelation rate of alginate with CaCO(3) is slow owing to the low solubility of CaCO(3) in water, while that with CaSO(4) is too fast to form uniform gels. In this study, we prepared injectable alginate/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) blend hydrogels with controllable gelation rate by using CaSO(4) as a cross-linking agent and Na(2)HPO(4) as a cross-linking retardation agent. The gelation rate could be controlled by adjusting CaSO(4)/Na(2)HPO(4) ratio in the solution. The alginate and PVA showed good compatibility in aqueous solutions or gels. The gelation rate of alginate increased with increasing Na(2)HPO(4) and decreasing CaSO(4) concentrations, as expected. The PVA itself in the alginate/PVA blend did not affect the gelation rate. All alginate/PVA hydrogels demonstrated some extraction of PVA, but the extraction extent was not much even after 7 days immersion in water. The alginate/PVA hydrogels were examined for their in vitro cell compatibility by the culture of chondrocytes (human chondrocyte cell line) in the gels up to 28 days. The cells were grown almost linearly in the alginate/PVA hydrogels with higher PVA compositions showing better cell growth. The GAG contents from the cells in the hydrogels did not show dramatic changes with culture time, however, they also increased gradually in the alginate/PVA hydrogels with higher PVA composition. The PVA in the hydrogels seemed to play positive roles for the growth and activity of chondrocytes. The alginate/PVA hydrogels with controllable gelation rate are expected to be applicable as injectable cell carriers.
Development of GABAA Receptor Subtype-Selective Imidazobenzodiazepines as Novel Asthma Treatments (2016)

Recent studies have demonstrated that subtype-selective GABAA receptor modulators are able to relax precontracted human airway smooth muscle ex vivo and reduce airway hyper-responsiveness in mice upon aerosol administration. Our goal in this study was to investigate systemic administration of subtype-selective GABAA receptor modulators to alleviate bronchoconstriction in a mouse model of asthma. Expression of GABAA receptor subunits was identified in mouse lungs, and the effects of α4-subunit-selective GABAAR modulators, XHE-III-74EE and its metabolite XHE-III-74A, were investigated in a murine model of asthma (ovalbumin sensitized and challenged BALB/c mice). We observed that chronic treatment with XHE-III-74EE significantly reduced airway hyper-responsiveness. In addition, acute treatment with XHE-III-74A but not XHE-III-74EE decreased airway eosinophilia. Immune suppressive activity was also shown in activated human T-cells with a reduction in IL-2 expression and intracellular calcium concentrations [Ca2+]i in the presence of GABA or XHE-III-74A, whereas XHE-III-74EE showed only partial reduction of [Ca2+]i and no inhibition of IL-2 secretion. However, both compounds significantly relaxed precontracted tracheal rings ex vivo. Overall, we conclude that the systemic delivery of a α4-subunit-selective GABAAR modulator shows good potential for a novel asthma therapy; however, the pharmacokinetic properties of this class of drug candidates have to be improved to enable better beneficial systemic pharmacodynamic effects.
Activation of propene polymerization by hydrogen for improved MgCl2‐supported Ziegler‐Natta catalysts (1989)

Abstract As in the case of the third generation MgCl 2 ‐supported stereospecific catalysts, characterized by the use of aromatic esters as internal and external Lewis bases, the new improved family of catalysts, containing an aromatic diester as internal Lewis base and a trialkoxyphenylsilane as external Lewis base, was found to be sensitive to hydrogen. A very strong activation effect, followed by deactivation, was observed upon introduction of small amounts of hydrogen. In the present case the effect is reversible, unless rather high hydrogen pressure (2 bar) is used. The activation effect was observed with any of the cocatalysts and even in the absence of an external Lewis base. The effect is reduced or even suppressed if enough ethylene is used in the copolymerization with propene. Owing to the competition between ethylene and hydrogen for the activation, it is assumed that the step sensitive to hydrogen is that of initiation rather than propagation.
Measurement techniques for the real and imaginary part of the third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility (1999)

We report about three measurement techniques yielding the real and imaginary part of the nonlinear optical susceptibility χ(3).
The complement system as a regulator of tumor-promoting activities mediated by myeloid-derived suppressor cells (2022)

Tumor progression relies on the interaction between tumor cells and their surrounding tumor microenvironment (TME), which also influences therapeutic responses. The complement system, an essential part of innate immunity, has been traditionally considered an effector arm against tumors. However, established tumors co-opt complement-mediated immune responses in the TME to support chronic inflammation, activate cancer-related signaling pathways and hamper antitumor immune responses. In this context, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), a heterogeneous population of myeloid progenitors with immunosuppressive functions, are recognized as major mediators of tumor-associated complement activities. This review focuses on the impact of complement activation within the TME, with a special emphasis on MDSC functions and the involvement of the C5a/C5aR1 axis. We also discuss the translation of these findings into therapeutic advances based on complement inhibition.
Structural and functional asymmetry of medial temporal subregions in unilateral temporal lobe epilepsy: A 7T MRI study (2019)

Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a common neurological disorder affecting the hippocampus and surrounding medial temporal lobe (MTL). Although prior studies have analyzed whole-brain network distortions in TLE patients, the functional network architecture of the MTL at the subregion level has not been examined. In this study, we utilized high-resolution 7T T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and resting-state BOLD-fMRI to characterize volumetric asymmetry and functional network asymmetry of MTL subregions in unilateral medically refractory TLE patients and healthy controls. We subdivided the TLE group into mesial temporal sclerosis patients (TLE-MTS) and MRI-negative nonlesional patients (TLE-NL). Using an automated multi-atlas segmentation pipeline, we delineated 10 MTL subregions per hemisphere for each subject. We found significantly different patterns of volumetric asymmetry between the two groups, with TLE-MTS exhibiting volumetric asymmetry corresponding to decreased volumes ipsilaterally in all hippocampal subfields, and TLE-NL exhibiting no significant volumetric asymmetries other than a mild decrease in whole-hippocampal volume ipsilaterally. We also found significantly different patterns of functional network asymmetry in the CA1 subfield and whole hippocampus, with TLE-NL patients exhibiting asymmetry corresponding to increased connectivity ipsilaterally and TLE-MTS patients exhibiting asymmetry corresponding to decreased connectivity ipsilaterally. Our findings provide initial evidence that functional neuroimaging-based network properties within the MTL can distinguish between TLE subtypes. High-resolution MRI has potential to improve localization of underlying brain network disruptions in TLE patients who are candidates for surgical resection.
Achievements, Challenges, and Prospects of Calcium Batteries (2019)

This Review flows from past attempts to develop a (rechargeable) battery technology based on Ca via crucial breakthroughs to arrive at a comprehensive discussion of the current challenges at hand. The realization of a rechargeable Ca battery technology primarily requires identification and development of suitable electrodes and electrolytes, which is why we here cover the progress starting from the fundamental electrode/electrolyte requirements, concepts, materials, and compositions employed and finally a critical analysis of the state-of-the-art, allowing us to conclude with the particular roadblocks still existing. As for crucial breakthroughs, reversible plating and stripping of calcium at the metal-anode interface was achieved only recently and for very specific electrolyte formulations. Therefore, while much of the current research aims at finding suitable cathodes to achieve proof-of-concept for a full Ca battery, the spectrum of electrolytes researched is also expanded. Compatibility of cell components is essential, and to ensure this, proper characterization is needed, which requires design of a multitude of reliable experimental setups and sometimes methodology development beyond that of other next generation battery technologies. Finally, we conclude with recommendations for future strategies to make best use of the current advances in materials science combined with computational design, electrochemistry, and battery engineering, all to propel the Ca battery technology to reality and ultimately reach its full potential for energy storage.