gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthetic studies on arene-olefin cycloadditions: total synthesis of (.+-.)-.alpha.-cedrene (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthetic studies on arene-olefin cycloadditions: total synthesis of (.+-.)-.alpha.-cedreneP. A. Wender and J. J. HowbertCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 3, 688–690Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00393a041https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00393a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2290Altmetric-Citations120LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Very Small Holographic Optical Pick-up Head with a Movable Single-Assembly Optical System (1992)

A very small holographic optical pick-up head with a movable single-assembly optical system was proposed. The optical system measures 11 mm(W)×4 mm(D)×4 mm(H) and weighs only 0.34 grams. The basic performance of the optical system mounted on a conventional actuator was demonstrated experimentally.
Design issues for SiGe heterojunction FETs (2002)

Important SiGe HFET design issues are discussed and confirmed after the fabrication of subsurface graded SiGe-channel modulation-doped p-MOSFETs. By grading the SiGe channel profile, the location of the carrier flow can be controlled and the transconductance optimized. The use of an n/sup +/-polysilicon gate design minimizes the parasitic Si surface conduction and maximizes the amount of high mobility holes confined to the channel. With modulation doping, the mobility is enhanced and freeze-out at low temperature is eliminated. Locating the dopant atoms below the channel minimizes process sensitivity and improves the transconductance. Application of these design concepts resulted in functional submicron SiGe p-MOSFETs with low-field hole mobilities of 220 cm/sup 2//V-s at 300 K and 980 cm/sup 2//V-s at 82 K. These results illustrate the importance of an optimized device design; they also demonstrate the feasibility of graded SiGe-channel modulation-doped p-MOSFETs and their leverage over conventional Si p-MOSFETs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Tailored design of protein nanoparticle scaffolds for multivalent presentation of viral glycoprotein antigens (2020)

Multivalent presentation of viral glycoproteins can substantially increase the elicitation of antigen-specific antibodies. To enable a new generation of anti-viral vaccines, we designed self-assembling protein nanoparticles with geometries tailored to present the ectodomains of influenza, HIV, and RSV viral glycoprotein trimers. We first <i>de novo</i> designed trimers tailored for antigen fusion, featuring N-terminal helices positioned to match the C termini of the viral glycoproteins. Trimers that experimentally adopted their designed configurations were incorporated as components of tetrahedral, octahedral, and icosahedral nanoparticles, which were characterized by cryo-electron microscopy and assessed for their ability to present viral glycoproteins. Electron microscopy and antibody binding experiments demonstrated that the designed nanoparticles presented antigenically intact prefusion HIV-1 Env, influenza hemagglutinin, and RSV F trimers in the predicted geometries. This work demonstrates that antigen-displaying protein nanoparticles can be designed from scratch, and provides a systematic way to investigate the influence of antigen presentation geometry on the immune response to vaccination.
Rhodium Dinaphthocyclooctatetraene Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization and Catalytic Activity in [5+2] Cycloadditions (2012)

Rh COT in the act: a Ni(0)-catalyzed [2+2+2+2] cycloaddition provides a high-yielding, scalable synthesis of the ligand dinaphtho[a,e]cyclooctatetraene (dnCOT). dnCOT complexation with Rh(I) gives [Rh(dnCOT)(MeCN)(2)]SbF(6), an excellent catalyst for [5+2] cycloadditions of vinylcyclopropanes and π-systems with impressive functional group compatibility.
Wild-Type Gross Leukemia Virus. III. Serological Tests as Indicators of Leukemia Risk<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">2</xref> (1968)

Progeny of the cross AKR♀ × C3Hf/Bi ♂ and of the reciprocal cross C3Hf/Bi♀ × AKR ♂ were individually typed at various ages for Gross soluble antigen (GSA) in the blood and observed throughout their life. There was a high correlation between the occurrence of GSA in the blood and development of leukemia. All AKR × C3H progeny were GSA+ at the earliest age tested and the incidence of spontaneous leukemia was 96%. The overall incidence of spontaneous leukemia in progeny of the reciprocal C3H × AKR cross was 56% and the average age of onset was considerably later. The pedigrees of the C3H × AKR progeny revealed two types of families: 1) those in which most members became GSA+ and in which the incidence of leukemia was high, and 2) those in which most members remained GSA− and in which the incidence of leukemia was much lower. The difference in leukemia incidences in these two family types may reflect either maternal immunization or different degrees of virus transmission by various G+ males. When caged or mated with G+ mice, some C3Hf/Bi mice became GSA+ and some C57BL/6 mice produced G antibody. Thus the appearance of GSA in the blood may be attributable to congenital infection, infection in later life, or both.
Experimental Observations of Damage States in Unnotched and Notched 3D Orthogonal Woven Coupons Loaded in Tension (2022)

View Video Presentation: https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-1007.vid This paper describes a series of unnotched and notched tensile tests on two 3D orthogonal woven architectures loaded in the warp direction. Dogbone specimens were used for the unnotched tests, and open-hole specimens were used for the notched tests. For each architecture and test type, two specimens were loaded under monotonic displacement control to failure, and two specimens were incrementally loaded to failure in five steps. X-ray computed tomography (CT) was used to characterize the woven architecture and defects on each specimen prior to testing. Digital image correlation (DIC) images were obtained from both sides of the specimen throughout the loading and unloading. For the incremental tests, X-ray CT was used to document the damage progression after each load increment. The results for both architectures and test specimens followed a similar pattern where matrix cracks formed perpendicular to the load direction and were primarily located between the stacks of warp tows. Two-piece failure path always occurred perpendicular to the loading direction, along the through-thickness segments of the Z-tows. The combination of stress concentrations due to the specimen geometry, weave geometry, and cut tows created stress concentrations that appear to initiate failure.
Preface to the Interfaces and Biology 1: Cryobiology Special Issue (2019)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVPrefaceNEXTPreface to the Interfaces and Biology 1: Cryobiology Special IssueJanet A. W. ElliottJanet A. W. ElliottGuest Co-Editor, Professor and Canada Research Chair in Thermodynamics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, CanadaMore by Janet A. W. Elliotthttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-7883-3243 and Mehmet TonerMehmet TonerGuest Co-Editor, Helen Andrus Professor of Bioengineering, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United StatesMore by Mehmet TonerCite this: Langmuir 2019, 35, 23, 7335–7336Publication Date (Web):June 11, 2019Publication History Published online11 June 2019Published inissue 11 June 2019https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b01226https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b01226editorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2019 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views671Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (209 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Carbohydrates,Cells,Crystals,Ice,Interfaces Get e-Alerts
Direct observation of lattice constant variations depending on layer structures in an InGaN/GaN MQW LED (2011)

We have directly observed that InGaN quantum well layers were incoherently grown on 5-nm-thick GaN barrier layers in an InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well (MQW) system of a blue light-emitting diode by using a lattice image obtained by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and fast Fourier transform mapping (FFTM) analysis of the lattice image. The lattice disorder was observed in the middle of the InGaN well layer by using high-angle annular dark field (HAADF) scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). In contrast, FFTM of the InGaN well layers with 10-nm-thick barrier layers showed the intervals of the (01-10) lattice planes were homogeneous, and the lattice disorder was not observed in the HAADF-STEM image. These results indicate that the excess stain in the InGaN/GaN MQW having thinner GaN barrier layers induces the lattice disorder in the InGaN well layers. Indium composition fluctuation in the InGaN well layer was also observed by using three-dimensional atom probe analysis. It indicates that the incorporation of indium atoms is affected by the imperfect structural properties of the MQW system with thinner GaN barrier layers. The intensity of electroluminescence from the sample with 10-nm-thick barrier layers in the MQWs was higher than that from the sample with 5-nm-thick barrier layers.
Nucleation, growth, and orientation analysis of quaternary-sputtered Cu(In, Ga)Se<inf>2</inf> (2013)

Cu(In, Ga)Se <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> films of various thicknesses were deposited from a single quaternary sputtering target and evaluated using x-ray diffraction and electron microscopy. Strong evidence of Volmer-Weber growth is observed, with the bare molybdenum bottom contact still observable after 600 seconds of growth and a nominal film thickness of ~100 nm. X-ray diffraction characterization reveals that the degree of preferred orientation increases with additional growth time, indicating film reorganization and preferential adherence of deposited species. Further, the degree of preferred orientation decreases with the age of the sputtering target, making this a possible technique to monitor the remaining target lifetime.
A learning-based autonomous driver: emulate human driver's intelligence in low-speed car following (2010)

In this paper, an offline learning mechanism based on the genetic algorithm is proposed for autonomous vehicles to emulate human driver behaviors. The autonomous driving ability is implemented based on a Prediction- and Cost function-Based algorithm (PCB). PCB is designed to emulate a human driver's decision process, which is modeled as traffic scenario prediction and evaluation. This paper focuses on using a learning algorithm to optimize PCB with very limited training data, so that PCB can have the ability to predict and evaluate traffic scenarios similarly to human drivers. 80 seconds of human driving data was collected in low-speed (&lt; 30<i>miles/h</i>) car-following scenarios. In the low-speed car-following tests, PCB was able to perform more human-like carfollowing after learning. A more general 120 kilometer-long simulation showed that PCB performs robustly even in scenarios that are not part of the training set.
New Setting of Neurally Adjusted Ventilatory Assist during Noninvasive Ventilation through a Helmet (2016)

When delivering noninvasive ventilation by helmet, compared to PSP and NAVA, PSN improves comfort and patient-ventilator interactions, while not ABGs. (Anesthesiology 2016; 125:1181-9).
Editorial: Epigenetic therapy against cancer: toward new molecular targets and technologies (2023)

EDITORIAL article Front. Cell Dev. Biol., 24 May 2023Sec. Epigenomics and Epigenetics Volume 11 - 2023 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2023.1218986
Optical fibers: Challenges and Opportunities in SDM (2020)

Continued growth in bandwidth demand is pushing the limits of capacity of optical fiber and cable, especially in cost-sensitive applications. This presentation reviews the current status and predictions for development of fibers specially designed to scale optical capacity to higher levels.
Advances and gaps in SARS-CoV-2 infection models (2022)

The global response to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is now facing new challenges such as vaccine inequity and the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs). Preclinical models of disease, in particular animal models, are essential to investigate VOC pathogenesis, vaccine correlates of protection and postexposure therapies. Here, we provide an update from the World Health Organization (WHO) COVID-19 modeling expert group (WHO-COM) assembled by WHO, regarding advances in preclinical models. In particular, we discuss how animal model research is playing a key role to evaluate VOC virulence, transmission and immune escape, and how animal models are being refined to recapitulate COVID-19 demographic variables such as comorbidities and age.
Study of Error Propagation due to Dust for Thin-Cover Coat Disk Systems (2003)

We discussed data error propagation due to dust on disk surfaces in cases of various cover coat thicknesses and dust sizes. We proposed a system durability gauge K-value and discussed abilities of error correction codings (ECCs) by using a measured K-value. A measured dust particle distribution was shown, and error propagation was calculated for thin-cover cases with different K-values. We found that 0.6–1.2 mm cover coat disk systems are free of errors due to dust and a thin-cover coat disk is not always worse. In the thin-cover coat systems, it is particularly necessary to increase K-value and to optimize ECC schemes.
Inhibition of MAPK stimulates the Ca 2+ -dependent big-conductance K channels in cortical collecting duct (2006)

The kidney plays a key role in maintaining potassium (K) homeostasis. K excretion is determined by the balance between K secretion and absorption in distal tubule segments such as the connecting tubule and cortical collecting duct. K secretion takes place by K entering principal cells (PC) from blood side through Na+, K+ -ATPase and being secreted into the lumen via both ROMK-like small-conductance K (SK) channels and Ca2+ -activated big-conductance K (BK) channels. K reabsorption occurs by stimulation of apical K/H-ATPase and inhibition of K recycling across the apical membrane in intercalated cells (IC). The role of ROMK channels in K secretion is well documented. However, the importance of BK channels in mediating K secretion is incompletely understood. It has been shown that their activity increases with high tubule flow rate and augmented K intake. However, BK channels have a low open probability and are mainly located in IC, which lack appropriate transporters for effective K secretion. Here we demonstrate that inhibition of ERK and P38 MAPKs stimulates BK channels in both PC and IC in the cortical collecting duct and that changes in K intake modulate their activity. Under control conditions, BK channel activity in PC was low but increased significantly by inhibition of both ERK and P38. Blocking MAPKs also increased channel open probability of BK in IC and thereby it may affect K backflux and net K absorption Thus, modulation of ERK and P38 MAPK activity is involved in controlling net K secretion in the distal nephron.
Calcium dependent activation of the NF‐AT transcription factor by p59fyn (1993)

A reporter gene under the control of a T-cell antigen receptor element was activated in Jurkat cells by antigen receptor triggering or by a combination of phorbol myristate acetate, which activates protein kinase C, and a calcium ionophore. Both these signals were necessary for expression of the reporter gene. When co-transfected with a construct capable of overexpressing the tyrosine kinase p59fyn, the reporter gene was activated by PMA alone. Thus p59fyn could replace the calcium ionophore but not activation of protein kinase C. The activation by p59fyn plus PMA was blocked by EGTA and by the immunosuppressant drug cyclosporin A.
In Situ Observation of Structural Change in Single-Crystalline LiFePO4 Nanoflakes during Electrochemical Cycling (2017)

Journal Article In Situ Observation of Structural Change in Single-Crystalline LiFePO4 Nanoflakes during Electrochemical Cycling Get access Sungkyu Kim, Sungkyu Kim Department of Materials Science and Engineering and NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Vinayak P Dravid, Vinayak P Dravid Department of Materials Science and Engineering and NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Kai He Kai He Department of Materials Science and Engineering and NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Microscopy and Microanalysis, Volume 23, Issue S1, 1 July 2017, Pages 1988–1989, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927617010601 Published: 04 August 2017
Biomechanical performance of an ovine model of intradural spinal cord stimulation (2014)

The authors are developing a novel type of spinal cord stimulator, designed to be placed directly on the pial surface of the spinal cord, for more selective activation of target tissues within the dorsal columns. For pre-clinical testing of the device components, an ovine model has been implemented which utilizes the agility and flexibility of a sheep's cervical and upper thoracic regions, thus providing an optimal environment of accelerated stress-cycling on small gauge lead wires implanted along the dorsal spinal columns. The results are presented of representative biomechanical measurements of the angles of rotation and the angular velocities and accelerations associated with the relevant head, neck and upper back motions, and these findings are interpreted in terms of their impact on assessing the robustness of the stimulator implant systems.
A new biomechanical assessment of mild traumatic brain injury. Part 2: Results and conclusions (2000)

This paper follows Part I that was presented at the 1999 IRCOBI Conference. A methodology, described in Part 1, has been developed that permits the reconstruction of certain incidents that occur in American football. Twenty-four cases of helmeted head impact, for which concussion was diagnosed in 9 cases, have been replicated with Hybrid III ATDs. Rigid body translational and rotational head accelerations have been measured in each case. Correlations between head injury and head kinematics have been sought. Peak translational and peak rotational acceleration and velocity, HIC and the Gadd SI, as well as the GAMBIT have all been considered. A new approach employing the maximum value of the global rate of energy dissipation has proven to provide the best correlation between concussion probability and head kinematics. This new relationship provides a basis for a new head injury criterion function, the HEAD IMPACT POWER.
Erratum: Energy Levels of Er3+ in LaF3 and Coherent Emission at 1.61 μ (1965)

First Page
Lysis of fresh natural killer-resistant tumor cells by lectin-activated syngeneic and allogeneic murine splenocytes. (1983)

This paper demonstrates that lectin-activated lymphocytes of selected mouse strains can lyse fresh autologous or allogeneic tumor cells but not the fresh normal cells tested in short-term 51Cr release assays. Murine splenocytes, incubated with concanavalin A for 3 days, lysed tumor cells from fresh syngeneic P815 mastocytoma, 102 methylcholanthrene sarcoma, and FBL3 lymphoma; fresh allogeneic 3LL lung carcinoma and MethA sarcoma; and tissue-cultured YAK cells in 18-hr51Cr release assays. Natural killer cells in fresh splenocyte preparations only lysed tissue-cultured YAK cells and not the other targets. Syngeneic and allogeneic lymphoblasts, lung, or liver cells were not lysed by the concanavalin A-activated killer (CAK) cells. The induction of cytotoxicity by concanavalin A incubation was abrogated by alpha-methylmannoside in the 3-day incubation, but not in cytotoxicity assay. Radiosensitive cells and adherent cells were necessary for the generation of CAK cells. The CAK effectors themselves were radioresistant, nonadherent, and mostly Thy 1+ and Ly 2+. The CAK phenomenon may be mediated by lymphokine production by an Ly 1+ cell, since depletion of Ly 1+ cells prior to activation abrogates CAK induction, and the ability of numerous mouse strains (and nude mice) to generate CAK cells correlated with their ability to produce Interleukin 2. The biological and therapeutic role of these cells is currently being investigated in murine syngeneic primary and metastatic tumor models.
A programme of self‐steered turns as a humidity response in Tenebrio, and the problem of categorizing spatial manoeuvres (1984)

ABSTRACT. Dry‐acclimatized mealworm beetles, Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), were exposed to a rapid change from dry to moist air in an arena with vertical air flow providing spatially uniform humidity, thus precluding orientation along humidity gradients. Subsequent angles of turn were significantly clustered around 90d̀ and 180d̀, and took the beetles back into the region from which they had come. The possibility of geomagnetic orientation was ruled out experimentally and in the apparent absence of other external directional cues it is concluded that the turn sequences were idiothetically controlled and pre‐programmed. This and other cases of ‘longitudinal’ klinotaxis are discussed in the wider context of kineses and taxes and the currently‐questioned value of these categories.