gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A multiplex &#x201C;OpenPET&#x201D; geometry to extend axial FOV without increasing the number of detectors (2008)

At the last MIC conference, we proposed an “OpenPET” geometry, which consists of two axially separated detector rings of axial length W. A long and continuous field-of-view (FOV) including a 360-degree open gap G between two detector rings can be imaged though iterative image reconstruction. In addition to providing stress-less PET scanning and simultaneous PET/CT, the OpenPET is expected to lead to realization of in-beam PET. The OpenPET also extends the axial FOV with a limited number of detectors. The range of G to obtain the axially continuous FOV is represented as aW (0≪a≪=1). The extension gain, which is defined as [extended axial FOV size] / [original axial FOV size], is limited to (2+a)/2. In order to increase the gap and the axial FOV, therefore, we have to extend W itself. However the extension of W results in cost enhancement of the scanner. In this paper, we propose a new “multiplex OpenPET” geometry, which can extend axial FOV without increasing the number of detectors. In the first step, two detector rings of axial length W are separated by the gap aW, and we have a pseudo scanner, unit <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">[1]</inf> , of axial length W <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">[1]</inf> =(2+a)W. In the second step, two unit <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">[1]</inf> s can be separated by the gap aW <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">[1]</inf> , and we have unit <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">[2]</inf> of axial FOV W <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">[2]</inf> =(2+a) <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> W. After repeating these steps N times, we finally have unit <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">[N]</inf> , which has a long axial FOV of W <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">[N]</inf> =(2+a) <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</sup> W. Here the extension gain is represented as {(2+a)/2} <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</sup> . Theoretically it can be increased to an unlimited extent, although there is no gain in sensitivity. Simulation results show that fine reconstructed images are obtained by the multiplex OpenPET geometry. In addition to the extended gap, the proposed geometry is expected to help realize an affordable entire body PET scanner that enables whole body dynamic imaging.
Asian Sudden Cardiac Death in Heart Failure (ASIAN-HF) Registry (2013)

Our aim is to determine mortality and morbidity in Asian patients under clinical management for heart failure (HF). Specifically, we will define the incidence of, and risk factors for, sudden cardiac death, as well as the socio-cultural factors influencing therapeutic choices in these patients. Methods This is a prospective observational multinational Asian registry of 5000 patients with symptomatic HF (stage C) and LV systolic dysfunction (EF ≤ 40%) involving 44 centres across 11 Asian regions (China, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan and Thailand). Data collection includes demographic variables, clinical symptoms, functional status, date of HF diagnosis and prior cardiovascular investigations, clinical risk factors, lifestyle factors, socio-economic status, and survey of cultural beliefs, health practices, and attitudes towards device therapy. Centre-level characteristics (case load, referral pattern, specialization, and infrastructure) are also obtained. Patients uniformly undergo standard 12-lead ECG and transthoracic echocardiography at baseline, and are followed over 3 years for outcomes of death or hospitalization. The mode of death and cause of hospitalization are adjudicated by a central event adjudication committee using pre-specified criteria. Perspective By providing prospective data regarding the demographics, risk factors, and outcomes of Asian patients under treatment for HF, the ASIAN-HF registry is expected to advance fundamental understanding of the burden and predictors of death and hospitalization among these patients. The knowledge gained will be important for guiding resource allocation and planning preventive strategies to address the unmet and growing clinical needs of patients with cardiovascular disease in Asia. Trial registration NCT01633398.
228-GHz Coherent Receiver using Digital Optical Bandwidth Interleaving and Reception of 214-GBd (856-Gb/s) PDM-QPSK (2012)

We build a dual-polarization coherent receiver with 228-GHz bandwidth that digitally interleaves six spectral optical signal slices. We receive a 214-GBd PDM-QPSK signal even after significant chromatic dispersion and polarization-mode dispersion (3200-km of fibre).
Analysis of Fluorouracil-Based Adjuvant Chemotherapy and Radiation After Pancreaticoduodenectomy for Ductal Adenocarcinoma of the Pancreas: Results of a Large, Prospectively Collected Database at the Johns Hopkins Hospital (2008)

These data suggest that adjuvant concurrent FU-based CRT significantly improves survival after PD for PC when compared with patients not receiving CRT. These data support the use of combined adjuvant CRT for PC.
Cytokines in the Antiphospholipid Syndrome (2018)

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is associated with the presence of antibodies to negatively charged phospholipids. Primary APS was induced by immunization with different anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL). Passive transfer of aCL to mice and induction of APS were carried out by injecting naive mice either intraperitoneally or intravenously with IgG purified from patients with APS. Aspirin and interleukin-3 were effective agents in preventing the manifestations of experimental APS. Interleukin-3 capable of increasing platelets number both in vitro and in vivo due to a de novo production of megakaryocytes. I. Krause et al. have demonstrated the efficacy of low-dose aspirin in preventing fetal resorptions, shortening activated partial thromboplastin time, and leading to increased placenta and embryo mean weights. Cytokines were found to have numerous roles in normal and pathological processes of reproduction and pregnancy. Higher doses of aspirin had no effect on the cytokine production.
Influence of Noise on Force Measurements (2010)

We demonstrate how the ineluctable presence of thermal noise alters the measurement of forces acting on microscopic and nanoscopic objects. We quantify this effect exemplarily for a Brownian particle near a wall subjected to gravitational and electrostatic forces. Our results demonstrate that the force-measurement process is prone to artifacts if the noise is not correctly taken into account.
Sonochemical Deposition of Silver Nanoparticles on Silica Spheres (2002)

Silver nanoparticles with an average size of ∼5 nm were deposited on the surface of preformed silica submicrospheres with the aid of power ultrasound. Ultrasound irradiation of a slurry of silica submicrospheres, silver nitrate, and ammonia in an aqueous medium for 90 min under an atmosphere of argon to hydrogen (95:5) yielded a silver−silica nanocomposite. By controlling the atmospheric and reaction conditions, we could achieve the deposition of metallic silver on the surface of the silica spheres. The resulting silver-deposited silica submicrosphere samples were characterized with X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, high-resolution scanning electron microscopy, photoacoustic spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared, UV−visible, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
Tyr-341 of the β Subunit Is a Major Km-Determining Residue of TF1-ATPase: Parallel Effect of Its Mutations on Kd(ATP) of the β Subunit and on Km(ATP) of the α3β3γ Complex1 (1994)

Residue Tyr-341 of the F1-ATPase beta subunit from a thermophilic Bacillus strain, PS3, was mutagenized to leucine, cysteine or alanine. Each of the mutated beta subunits was isolated and its affinity for ATP-Mg was examined by means of difference circular dichroism and differential titration calorimetry. The Kd values for ATP-Mg obtained were: beta Y341 (wild type), 0.015 mM; beta Y341L, 0.7 mM; beta Y341C and beta Y341A, > 3 mM. All the mutant beta subunits could be reconstituted into the alpha 3 beta 3 gamma complex with alpha and gamma subunits. The alpha 3 beta (mutant)3 gamma complexes hydrolyzed ATP with apparent Vmax values larger than that of the alpha 3 beta (WILD)3 gamma complex. The apparent Km values of the alpha 3 beta (mutant)3 gamma complexes increased in parallel with the Kd values for ATP-Mg of the isolated mutant beta subunits. These results indicate that residue beta Y341 is directly involved in the catalytic ATP-Mg binding and is a major Km-determining residue of F1-ATPase.
Cost analysis of post surgical whole body scan for decision-making in I-131 radioablation following total thyroidectomy (2006)

1270 Objectives: We quantified the fraction of papillary thyroid cancer patients who showed residual functioning thyroid tissue on a high-dose I-131 scan following complete thyroid resection. This data was then used to develop a cost analysis comparison between the recommendation of proceeding directly to thyroid ablation after total thyroidectomy versus obtaining a low-dose (148 MBq) I-131 metastatic survey (prescan) prior to radioablation. Methods: After obtaining IRB approval, we performed a retrospective chart review utilizing the hospital RIS/PACS system of 225 patients dating back to 2001 who had received ablative I-131 therapy for Graves’ Disease and papillary/follicular variant of thyroid cancer. Of these, 147 patients received ablative I-131 (3.7 – 7.4 GBq) treatment as the first dose after total thyroidectomy. Scans in these patients were reviewed for evidence of residual functioning tissue in the thyroid bed. Cost analysis for the post thyroid therapy was performed using literature values for sensitivity (77%) and specificity (100%) with prevalence defined by the results of this survey. CMS reimbursement rates were used for the whole body scan and I-131 therapy costs. Results: In 97% of patients (N=142), the follow-up whole body I-131 scan (typically performed 7-10 days after ingestion of I-131) showed evidence of residual functioning tissue in the thyroid bed. Using this value as the prevalence, overall cost to proceed directly to ablation (no prescan) is slightly less ($19/patient) than the cost of treating only those patients with a positive prescan. Using decision analysis applied to our patient population, approximately 31 patients with a false negative prescan would go untreated, while treating all patients results in overtreatment of 5 patients. Conclusions: In this study 97% of patients who underwent total thyroidectomy had residual tissue on follow-up high-dose whole body I-131 scan. There is an overall cost savings of $19/patient to treat all patients without first obtaining a low-dose post-surgical scan. In addition, since the low-dose whole body scan has limited sensitivity, up to 22% of patients may be inadequately treated if therapy is based only on a positive low-dose scan.
High-κ Material Sidewall with Source/Drain-to-Gate Non-overlapped Structure for Low Standby Power Applications (2006)

In this paper, fully depleted silicon-on-insulator (SOI) devices with source/drain extension shifts and a high-κ offset spacers were investigated in detail. The calculated results show that the source/drain extension shift can decrease off-state leakage current I off significantly by utilizing the extra electron barrier height in the source/drain extension shift region to reduce standby power dissipation. However, the on-state driving current I on is also sacrificed simultaneously. To overcome this drawback, a high-κ offset spacer is used to increase the on-state driving current I on effectively by enhancing the vertical fringing electric field which elevates the channel voltage drop and reduces series resistance.
A potential gradient along the layer-by-layer architecture for electron transfer rectification (2015)

Electrochemical and photochemical measurements demonstrated that dendritic phenylazomethines, which can make complexes with SnCl2 by a stepwise process, only permit an outbound electron transfer. The unique dendrimer effect allows efficient production of photo-generated radical ion pairs by suppressing their charge recombination. In sharp contrast, the phenylenevinylene or benzylether dendrimers, which lack a heteroatom or π-conjugation, did not exhibit such non-symmetric characters.
LD-ZNet: A Latent Diffusion Approach for Text-Based Image Segmentation (2023)

Large-scale pre-training tasks like image classification, captioning, or self-supervised techniques do not incentivize learning the semantic boundaries of objects. However, recent generative foundation models built using text-based latent diffusion techniques may learn semantic boundaries. This is because they have to synthesize intricate details about all objects in an image based on a text description. Therefore, we present a technique for segmenting real and AI-generated images using latent diffusion models (LDMs) trained on internet-scale datasets. First, we show that the latent space of LDMs (z-space) is a better input representation compared to other feature representations like RGB images or CLIP encodings for text-based image segmentation. By training the segmentation models on the latent z-space, which creates a compressed representation across several domains like different forms of art, cartoons, illustrations, and photographs, we are also able to bridge the domain gap between real and AI-generated images. We show that the internal features of LDMs contain rich semantic information and present a technique in the form of LD-ZNet to further boost the performance of text-based segmentation. Overall, we show up to 6% improvement over standard baselines for text-to-image segmentation on natural images. For AI-generated imagery, we show close to 20% improvement compared to state-of-the-art techniques. The project is available at https://koutilya-pnvr.github.io/LD-ZNet/.
The Omnitest system: a no-generate, no-compile, interactive test methodology (2003)

The authors present executable VLSI test software which reads a digital device specification file and dynamically reconfigures the tester at run time. The Omnitest concept has been demonstrated on the Megatest MegaOne VLSI tester. Complete device description files have gone from data manual to error-free-testing in under an hour. The Omnitest program completely masks the detailed operation of the MegaOne, yet allows the user to take advantage of all the tester's sophisticated features. Engineers who have had no previous exposure to test have been able to comprehend and utilize the input language after merely reviewing an example. Besides shortening development times and enabling a high-level approach to digital test, the Omnitest system also frees tester resources, standardizes test-related operations, and provides ample means to revise and amend.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Dielectric Engineering of a Boron Nitride/Hafnium Oxide Heterostructure for High‐Performance 2D Field Effect Transistors (2016)

A unique design of a hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN)/HfO2 dielectric heterostructure stack is demonstrated, with few-layer h-BN to alleviate the surface optical phonon scattering, followed by high-κ HfO2 deposition to suppress Coulombic impurity scattering so that high-performance top-gated two-dimensional semiconductor transistors are achieved. Furthermore, this dielectric stack can also be extended to GaN-based transistors to enhance their performance.
Immunomodulatory treatment of multiple sclerosis in Denmark: a prospective nationwide survey (2006)

The response to immunomodulatory therapy can be predicted to some extent from demographic variables. Differences between preparations can mainly be ascribed to selection bias, and open studies are not suited for comparison of efficacy between different preparations.
Automating Analogue AI Chip Design with Genetic Search (2020)

AI Chip Design Automation In article number 2000075, Alex P. James and co-workers present a genetic search method for automating the brain-inspired design of analogue neuro-memristive chips. Using a hardware-software codesign framework, the genetic search accounts for non-idealities of memristive hardware in figuring out the optimal neural network architecture implementation. The automation method demonstrates improved design implementation of memristive neural networks and reduces the design costs for analogue AI chip development.
A Hybrid Computerized Fluoroscopy Technique for Noninvasive Cardiovascular Imaging (1979)

The excellent linearity of digital image storage and retrieval permits hybrid analog-digital subtraction to extend the spatial resolution of two previously developed algorithms which employed entirely digital apparatus. A low resolution, time-integrated preinjection digital mask image is reconverted to analog form and subtracted from live analog video images of iodine administered by peripheral intravenous injection to produce a high resolution display of the cardiovascular system with contrast ten times greater than conventional fluoroscopy. Preliminary studies in dogs are compared with images obtained with our digital subtraction algorithms.
Management and Control of Intelligent Optical Networks (2002)

In this chapter we first present a brief overview of the technologies that have enabled the spectacular growth in optical networking. Next, we discuss various emerging architectures for heterogeneous optical networks. The remainder of this chapter presents details on the management and control of optical networks.
ChemInform Abstract: Unsaturated Aldehydes as Alkene Equivalents in the Diels—Alder Reaction. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Visual Integration of Data and Model Space in Ensemble Learning (2017)

Ensembles of classifier models typically deliver superior performance and can outperform single classifier models given a dataset and classification task at hand. However, the gain in performance comes together with the lack in comprehensibility, posing a challenge to understand how each model affects the classification outputs and where the errors come from. We propose a tight visual integration of the data and the model space for exploring and combining classifier models. We introduce a workflow that builds upon the visual integration and enables the effective exploration of classification outputs and models. We then present a use case in which we start with an ensemble automatically selected by a standard ensemble selection algorithm, and show how we can manipulate models and alternative combinations.
Postoperative Infection in a Double-Occupancy Operating Room. A Prospective Study of Two Thousand Four Hundred and Fifty-eight Procedures on the Extremities* (1997)

The purposes of this study were to determine the rate of infection associated with elective outpatient operations on an extremity, performed in a double-occupancy operating room (one operating room designed to accommodate two separate operating teams), and to determine which factors influenced this rate. We evaluated the records of 2458 consecutive patients who had had such a procedure, performed by one of nine surgeons during a two and one-half-year period, and in whom the operative wound had been classified as clean (without a drain) or clean-contaminated (with a drain). The information regarding the factors associated with the operation and the operating-room environment was recorded for each patient at the time of the operation. Each wound was inspected periodically in the attending surgeon's office for at least thirty days postoperatively. Using definitions established by the Centers for Disease Control, the attending surgeon determined the presence of infection primarily by judging whether there was purulent drainage or whether erythema or swelling at the operative site was beyond that expected from the procedure. Of the 2458 patients, thirty-seven (1.5 per cent; 95 per cent confidence interval, 1.1 to 2.1 per cent) had infection of the operative wound. Only eight patients (0.3 per cent) had deep infection, with seven of the infections necessitating a reoperation. Infection developed in thirty of the 2311 clean wounds, a rate of 1.3 per cent (95 per cent confidence interval, 0.9 to 1.8 per cent), and in seven of the 147 clean-contaminated wounds, a rate of 4.8 per cent (95 per cent confidence interval, 2.3 to 9.5 per cent) (p = 0.001). No cross-contamination occurred between patients who had infection. The rate of infection was not related to the number of patients who were operated on in the same room at the same time. Logistic regression analysis, used to account for confounding factors, demonstrated a significant association between the classification of the wound (use of a drain) and a higher rate of infection (p = 0.006) as well as between the instillation of a topical steroid solution and a lower rate of infection (p = 0.04). It also demonstrated a significant difference, with respect to the rate of infection, among individual surgeons (p = 0.02).
Design and optimization of direct-conversion photon-counting detector for dual-energy CT imaging (2016)

A direct-conversion photon-counting detector has great potential in CT imaging and has been intensively studied in recently years. However, the optimization of the detector configuration based on clinically-relevant metrics is still lacking. In this study, we developed an optimization scheme for CZT-based photon-counting detector design. The spectral response functions characterizing different detector designs were generated using a Monte Carlo-based approach and evaluated with a dual-energy analysis tool. The results demonstrate the degradation in dose efficiency caused by charge sharing when the detector pixel size is below ∼500 μm. The results also show that thinner CZT sensor material has degraded performance due to the lower absorption efficiency. Based on this analysis, ∼500 μm pixel size and 2.5 mm thickness seem to be a good balance between dose efficiency and spatial resolution. The results also show that electronic noise has limited impact on dose efficiency and is not a major risk to the detector development.