gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Degradation of polyolefin pipes in hot water applications: Simulation of the degradation process (1996)

Abstract A program was developed that yields the number of chain scission and crosslinking events representing the best fit of a simulated molar mass distribution to a molar mass distribution determined by size exclusion chromatography. The program was applied to molar mass distributions of samples taken from pressure‐tested pipes of an unstabilized medium‐density polyethylene. Good fits were obtained after various exposure times at different temperatures and at different positions in the pipe wall. The ratio of the number of chain scission to crosslinking events generally decreased with increasing exposure time and with decreasing accessibility to oxygen in the pipe wall. Correction for long‐chain branching effects led to significant changes in the optimum chain scission and crosslinking values obtained. The broad and asymmetric shape of the molar mass distributions, typical of degraded material from originally stabilized medium‐density pipes, was shown to arise from a combination of a uniformly degraded and a nondegraded component. The program was also successfully applied to the molar mass distribution of a sample taken from a degraded commercial polybutylene‐1 pipe.
SHP2 is a multifunctional therapeutic target in drug resistant metastatic breast cancer (2020)

Metastatic breast cancer (MBC) is an extremely recalcitrant disease capable of bypassing current targeted therapies via engagement of several growth promoting pathways. SH2 containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-2 (SHP2) is an oncogenic phosphatase known to facilitate growth and survival signaling downstream of numerous receptor inputs. Herein, we used inducible genetic depletion and two distinct pharmacological inhibitors to investigate the therapeutic potential of targeting SHP2 in MBC. Cells that acquired resistance to the ErbB kinase inhibitor, neratinib, displayed increased phosphorylation of SHP2 at the Y542 activation site. In addition, higher levels of SHP2 phosphorylation, but not expression, were associated with decreased survival of breast cancer patients. Pharmacological inhibition of SHP2 activity blocked ERK1/2 and AKT signaling generated from exogenous stimulation with FGF2, PDGF, and hGF and readily prevented MBC cell growth induced by these factors. SHP2 was also phosphorylated upon engagement of the extracellular matrix (ECM) via focal adhesion kinase. Consistent with the potential of SHP2-targeted compounds as therapeutic agents, the growth inhibitory property of SHP2 blockade was enhanced in ECM-rich 3D culture environments. In vivo blockade of SHP2 in the adjuvant setting decreased pulmonary metastasis and extended the survival of systemic tumor-bearing mice. Finally, inhibition of SHP2 in combination with FGFR-targeted kinase inhibitors synergistically blocked the growth of MBC cells. Overall, our findings support the conclusion that SHP2 constitutes a shared signaling node allowing MBC cells to simultaneously engage a diversity of growth and survival pathways, including those derived from the ECM.
GAO Helps Congress Evaluate Programs (1974)

13. An interesting account of LCER give-and-take with agencies during review of the draft report is contained in the article by LCER's Director, Dr. Troy R. Westmeyer, Performance Auditing, Governmental Finance (November 1972). 14. The development of and new approaches to legislative auditing occurring in this country appear to be taking place as well in other nations. See, for example, E. L. Normanton's The Accountability and Audit of Governments (Manchester: Manchester University Press, N.Y.: Frederick A. Praeger, 1966); and The Swedish National Audit Bureau's Effectiveness Auditing in Government Administration (Stockholm: Goteborgs Offsettryckeri, 1971).
Reducing the impact of texture on deep-learning brain tissue segmentation networks trained with simulated MR images (2023)

Deep learning-based segmentation algorithms largely rely on the availability of extensive, clinically representative data. While collecting such data requires vast resources, image simulation has the potential of generating realistic data reproducing a wide range of scanner sequences or parameters. In this work, we present an MR image simulation pipeline and evaluate its potential for training a deep-learning network for segmenting several brain structures in T1-weighted images acquired from real scanners. We additionally demonstrate how to prevent performance degradation from the lack of tissue texture in simulated images by combining statistical texture analysis and filtering on the evaluation image set.
Stimulated Brillouin Scattering Suppression With a Chirped Laser Seed: Comparison of Dynamical Model to Experimental Data (2013)

A numerical model is developed to simulate stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in high power single-mode fiber amplifiers. The time dependent model incorporates both laser and Stokes wave amplification and initiates the Brillouin scattering from thermal phonons. A frequency chirped laser is used as the seed to suppress SBS. Experiments with Yb-doped fiber amplifiers show good agreement with the modeling. Using experimentally determined parameters, the model is used to predict chirp requirements for multi-kilowatt amplifiers with tens of meters of delivery fiber. A comparison is made between a chirped seed source and random phase modulation for SBS suppression.
Acoustic and perceptual characteristics of the Spanish fricatives (1999)

In this paper, we propose an error correction method using text corpora. In this method, recognition errors are corrected using phonetically similar examples in the text corpora. The reliability of the correction hypotheses are judged according to their semantic consistency and their phonetic similarity to the original input. We previously proposed an error correction method that uses a treebank [1]. However, the previous method was not flexible in its use of examples, because structural mismatches occurred between the input and examples due to recognition errors. In our new proposal, examples are treated as morpheme sequences. This enables us to use examples partially when there are no useful full-sentence-examples. We built our proposed method into a speech translation system and compared the translation quality for simple translation and translation with error correction. The rate of acceptable translation increased about 10% with our proposed method compared to simple translation.
Deep scattering (2017)

We present a technique for efficiently synthesizing images of atmospheric clouds using a combination of Monte Carlo integration and neural networks. The intricacies of Lorenz-Mie scattering and the high albedo of cloud-forming aerosols make rendering of clouds---e.g. the characteristic silverlining and the "whiteness" of the inner body---challenging for methods based solely on Monte Carlo integration or diffusion theory. We approach the problem differently. Instead of simulating all light transport during rendering, we pre-learn the spatial and directional distribution of radiant flux from tens of cloud exemplars. To render a new scene, we sample visible points of the cloud and, for each, extract a hierarchical 3D descriptor of the cloud geometry with respect to the shading location and the light source. The descriptor is input to a deep neural network that predicts the radiance function for each shading configuration. We make the key observation that progressively feeding the hierarchical descriptor into the network enhances the network's ability to learn faster and predict with higher accuracy while using fewer coefficients. We also employ a block design with residual connections to further improve performance. A GPU implementation of our method synthesizes images of clouds that are nearly indistinguishable from the reference solution within seconds to minutes. Our method thus represents a viable solution for applications such as cloud design and, thanks to its temporal stability, for high-quality production of animated content.
Structural acoustic control of plates with variable boundary conditions: Design methodology (2007)

A method for optimizing a structural acoustic control system subject to variations in plate boundary conditions is provided. The assumed modes method is used to build a plate model with varying levels of rotational boundary stiffness to simulate the dynamics of a plate with uncertain edge conditions. A transducer placement scoring process, involving Hankel singular values, is combined with a genetic optimization routine to find spatial locations robust to boundary condition variation. Predicted frequency response characteristics are examined, and theoretically optimized results are discussed in relation to the range of boundary conditions investigated. Modeled results indicate that it is possible to minimize the impact of uncertain boundary conditions in active structural acoustic control by optimizing the placement of transducers with respect to those uncertainties.
The Effect of Additives on the Zinc Carbenoid-Mediated Cyclopropanation of a Dihydropyrrole (2014)

The synthesis of a key intermediate in the preparation of oral antidiabetic drug Saxagliptin is discussed with an emphasis on the challenges posed by the cyclopropanation of a dihydropyrrole. Kinetic studies on the cyclopropanation show an induction period that is consistent with a change in the structure of the carbenoid reagent during the course of the reaction. This mechanistic transition is associated with an underlying Schlenk equilibrium that favors the formation of monoalkylzinc carbenoid IZnCH2I relative to dialkylzinc carbenoid Zn(CH2I)2, which is responsible for the initiation of the cyclopropanation. The factors influencing reaction rates and diastereoselectivities are discussed with the aid of DFT computational studies. The rate accelerations observed in the presence of Brønsted acid-type additives correlate with the minimization of the undesired induction period and offer insights for the development of a robust process.
Properties of Poly-Si Thin films and Their Transistors Fabricated Using Selective Excimer Laser Annealing (2018)

Selective laser annealing system was developed, and applied to fabricate low temperature poly-Si thin film transistors. The new system performs the laser annealing only for the selective area of TFT region by adopting micro lens array, which can apply the laser annealing even for large substrate, contrary to the conventional excimer laser annealing system having the limitation in substrate size due to the difficulty in obtaining uniform beam line. In this study, selectively-annealed poly-Si film structure and their TFT performance were investigated. Grain size increased as an increase in the laser energy density, and TFTs with the field effect mobility larger than 100 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> V <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> s <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> with the on-off ratio of drain current of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> or more could be obtained.
Cytometry‐based single‐cell analysis of intact epithelial signaling reveals MAPK activation divergent from TNF ‐α‐induced apoptosis in vivo (2015)

Understanding heterogeneous cellular behaviors in a complex tissue requires the evaluation of signaling networks at single-cell resolution. However, probing signaling in epithelial tissues using cytometry-based single-cell analysis has been confounded by the necessity of single-cell dissociation, where disrupting cell-to-cell connections inherently perturbs native cell signaling states. Here, we demonstrate a novel strategy (Disaggregation for Intracellular Signaling in Single Epithelial Cells from Tissue-DISSECT) that preserves native signaling for Cytometry Time-of-Flight (CyTOF) and fluorescent flow cytometry applications. A 21-plex CyTOF analysis encompassing core signaling and cell-identity markers was performed on the small intestinal epithelium after systemic tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) stimulation. Unsupervised and supervised analyses robustly selected signaling features that identify a unique subset of epithelial cells that are sensitized to TNF-α-induced apoptosis in the seemingly homogeneous enterocyte population. Specifically, p-ERK and apoptosis are divergently regulated in neighboring enterocytes within the epithelium, suggesting a mechanism of contact-dependent survival. Our novel single-cell approach can broadly be applied, using both CyTOF and multi-parameter flow cytometry, for investigating normal and diseased cell states in a wide range of epithelial tissues.
A high suppression frequency tripler for 60-GHz transceivers (2015)

A compact frequency tripler designed for 60 GHz transceivers is implemented in 0.13μm SiGe technology. The common emitter class-A frequency tripler uses a transformer based output filter combined with transmission lines to achieve high harmonic suppression. The frequency tripler followed by an amplifier covers a 3dB frequency range between 48 GHz to 58 GHz with a peak output power of 9.5 dBm. Fundamental frequency is suppressed by more than 28 dBc and the 4 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> harmonic is suppressed by more than 35 dBc between -40°C to 85°C degrees across the frequency band. The tripler design occupies only 390 μm × 495 μm and consumes 62 mW from a 2.7 V supply, the design followed by an amplifier occupies 960 μm × 980 μm raising the DC consumption to 220 mW.
Peripheral natural killer cells in chronic hepatitis B patients display multiple molecular features of T cell exhaustion (2021)

Antiviral effectors such as natural killer (NK) cells have impaired functions in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. The molecular mechanism responsible for this dysfunction remains poorly characterised. We show that decreased cytokine production capacity of peripheral NK cells from CHB patients was associated with reduced expression of NKp30 and CD16, and defective mTOR pathway activity. Transcriptome analysis of patients NK cells revealed an enrichment for transcripts expressed in exhausted T cells suggesting that NK cell dysfunction and T cell exhaustion employ common mechanisms. In particular, the transcription factor TOX and several of its targets were over-expressed in NK cells of CHB patients. This signature was predicted to be dependent on the calcium-associated transcription factor NFAT. Stimulation of the calcium-dependent pathway recapitulated features of NK cells from CHB patients. Thus, deregulated calcium signalling could be a central event in both T cell exhaustion and NK cell dysfunction occurring during chronic infections.
Regulation of Surface Localization of the Small Conductance Ca2+-activated Potassium Channel, Sk2, through Direct Phosphorylation by cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase (2006)

Small conductance, Ca2+-activated voltage-independent potassium channels (SK channels) are widely expressed in diverse tissues; however, little is known about the molecular regulation of SK channel subunits. Direct alteration of ion channel subunits by kinases is a candidate mechanism for functional modulation of these channels. We find that activation of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) with forskolin (50 microm) causes a dramatic decrease in surface localization of the SK2 channel subunit expressed in COS7 cells due to direct phosphorylation of the SK2 channel subunit. PKA phosphorylation studies using the intracellular domains of the SK2 channel subunit expressed as glutathione S-transferase fusion protein constructs showed that both the amino-terminal and carboxyl-terminal regions are PKA substrates in vitro. Mutational analysis identified a single PKA phosphorylation site within the amino-terminal of the SK2 subunit at serine 136. Mutagenesis and mass spectrometry studies identified four PKA phosphorylation sites: Ser465 (minor site) and three amino acid residues Ser568, Ser569, and Ser570 (major sites) within the carboxyl-terminal region. A mutated SK2 channel subunit, with the three contiguous serines mutated to alanines to block phosphorylation at these sites, shows no decrease in surface expression after PKA stimulation. Thus, our findings suggest that PKA phosphorylation of these three sites is necessary for PKA-mediated reorganization of SK2 surface expression.
Celebrating Silicon’s Success, its Hidden History, and its Next Act (2019)

Presented on February 26, 2019 at 12:00 p.m. in the Pettit Microelectronics Building, Room 102 A/B.
The virtual input approach to direct data-based control system design: some simulation studies (2003)

The virtual input approach to direct data-based control system design is a new technique by which the control system design is carried into a controller identification problem; namely into the problem of identifying the best suited controller, out of a given class. Thus, the standard indirect path consisting of plant identification followed by model-based control system design is fully avoided. In the paper, the virtual input approach is shortly outlined; then three cases are described and briefly discussed. Specifically, the considered plants are: a robotic arm with flexible joint, a synchronous generator connected to an infinite bus, and a flexible transmission system.
Derivatization and interlaminar debonding of graphite–iron nanoparticle hybrid interfaces using Fenton chemistry (2017)

The interfacial debonding of graphite lattices using iron (Fe) nanoparticles and Fenton's reagent is reported, towards the scalable production of few-layer graphene flakes. Acoustic cavitation via a sonochemical route was adapted to produce iron and iron oxide nanoparticles in the graphite matrix. The oxygenated species were introduced into the graphite lattice using a physical method, and then Fenton chemistry was utilized to generate localized hydroxyl radicals at the Fe nanoparticle-graphite interfaces for zipping and self-exfoliation of the defected graphite lattices. The functional groups were found to have been introduced predominately at the periphery of the flake, confirming that the lateral dimension of graphene had not been affected, and at the same time, good dispersion in organic solvents had been achieved. Defect engineering could be modulated at the organic-inorganic hybrid interfaces, in order to control the zipping rate and regulate the degree of functionalization and the lateral dimensions of the graphene sheet.
Biphasic Effects of Minoxidil on the Proliferation and Differentiation of Normal Human Keratinocytes (1997)

Minoxidil is the most used drug with proved effects in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia (AGA), but little is known about its pharmacological activity and target cells in hair follicles. As AGA is characterized by follicle atrophy, accelerated hair cycles and hair fiber thinning, we postulated that keratinocyte proliferation/differentiation is affected and we tested Minoxidil's effects on those parameters. Normal human keratinocytes (NHK) of follicular or epidermal origin were cultured in the presence of Minoxidil (0, 0.1, 1, 10, 100, 1,000 microM) during 5-8 days in various media (high-/low-calcium content, with or without serum). Proliferation was assessed by mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity (XTT), BrdU incorporation, lysosome numeration (neutral red incorporation) and total protein dosage. Drug-induced cytotoxicity was measured by lactate dehydrogenase release in culture supernatant, and pro-differentiating effects were evaluated by relative involucrin expression (ELISA dosage). On this basis, we showed that Minoxidil had biphasic effects on the proliferation and differentiation of NHK: Minoxidil stimulated NHK proliferation at micromolar doses, while antiproliferative, pro-differentiative and partially cytotoxic effects were observed with millimolar concentrations. We can hypothesize that Minoxidil hypertrichotic activity in vivo is possibly mediated by the maintenance of proliferative potential in follicular keratinocytes precociously committed to differentiation.
Monoclonal antibodies to the human TSH receptor: epitope mapping and binding to the native receptor on the basolateral plasma membrane of thyroid follicular cells (1996)

We have characterized four murine monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to the extracellular domain of the human TSH receptor (TSH-R.E), the target autoantigen of Graves' disease. Recombinant TSH-R.E used as immunogen, was produced in E. coli as a fusion protein with glutathione-S-transferase or in a baculovirus-insect cell system, as a non-fusion glycoprotein. To increase the epitope specificity of the mAbs, two different strains of mice (H-2(b) and H-2(d)) were immunized. The epitopes recognized by the mAbs were characterized by immunoblotting with various recombinant constructs of TSH-R.E and by binding to overlapping synthetic peptides of the receptor. The four IgG mAbs characterized recognized epitopes localized to different regions on the TSH-R.E; amino acids 22-35 (A1O and A11, both IgG2b from H-2(b) animals), amino acids 402-415 (A7, IgG2b from H-2(b) animals) and amino acids 147-228 (A9, IgG1 from H-2(d) animals). Immunolocalization studies showed that mAb A9 recognized TSH-R.E on unfixed cryostat sections, where binding was localized to the basolateral plasma membrane of thyroid follicular cells, suggesting that this antibody reacts with the native receptor on thyroid cells. The binding of the mAbs A7, A10 and A11 was also restricted to the basal surface of thyroid cells, but only after acetone fixation of the sections, implying that the epitopes recognized on the amino and carboxyl terminus of the extracellular region of the receptor are not accessible on the native molecule. None of the mAbs stimulated cyclic AMP responses in COS-7 cells transiently transfected with full-length functioning TSH-R.E, whilst weak inhibition of binding of radiolabelled TSH to porcine membranes in a radioreceptor assay was apparent with mAb A10 and A11, but only at high concentrations of IgG. The ability of mAb A9 to bind to the native receptor without stimulating activity or inhibition of TSH binding suggests that antibody can bind to the central region of the TSH-R.E without perturbing receptor function. The availability of mAbs that recognize epitopes on different regions of the extracellular domain of TSH-R will lead to a better understanding of the autoantigenic regions on TSH-R implicated in disease activity.
Assessment of mutations in KCNN2 and ZNF135 to patient neurological symptoms (2017)

Exome sequencing from a patient with neurological and developmental symptoms revealed two mutations in separate genes. One was a homozygous transition mutation that results in an in-frame, premature translational stop codon in the ZNF135 gene predicted to encode a transcriptional repressor. Another mutation was heterozygous, a single nucleotide duplication in the KCNN2 gene that encodes a Ca-activated K channel, SK2, and leads to a translational frame shift and a premature stop codon. Heterologous expression studies, brain slice recordings, and coordination tests from a transgenic mouse line carrying the SK2 mutation suggest that it does not contribute to the patient's symptoms. ZNF135 is expressed in human brain and it is likely that the homozygous mutation underlies the human phenotype.
EUS gesteuerte Drainage im Vergleich zur Behandlung postoperativer Pankreasfisteln (2018)

Postoperative Pankreasfisteln (POPF) sind die häufigste Komplikation nach partieller Pankreasresektion. Die Behandlungsalgorithmen sind aktuell nicht standardisiert. Es mangelt an Vergleichsdaten zur Rolle der Endoskopie in dieser Situation.