gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transfemoral, Endovascular Stented Graft Repair of an Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (1995)

Endovascular aortic graft implantation is a new procedure for the repair of arterial aneurysms. We report on the first such case successfully performed in the United States. A 76-year-old man with severe oxygen-dependent pulmonary insufficiency, coronary artery disease, and recurrent ventricular tachyrhythmia was also diagnosed as having a 7.5-cm infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm. Because of the high risks associated with conventional surgical repair, consent was obtained for compassionate use of an experimental device. Using local anesthesia, a 22-mm Dacron prosthesis was inserted under fluoroscopic guidance through an open, left transfemoral route. Completion arteriography demonstrated aneurysm exclusion. No blood transfusion was required and there were no perioperative complications. Further technical refinements and clinical trials will be required prior to the broad implementation of this technique.
An anticopper antiangiogenic approach for advanced cancer in spontaneously occurring tumors using tetrathiomolybdate: A pilot study in a canine animal model (2004)

Abstract In this pilot study, 13 dogs of various breeds and ages with a variety of advanced tumors were treated with the antiangiogenic copper complexing drug tetrathiomolybdate. Dose escalations were performed to determine the safe and effective dose in dogs. The study was designed to last for a 6‐month period for each dog entered. Dogs were examined weekly for the first 3 months and then every other week for the next 3 months. Complete blood count, serum biochemistry panel, and measurement of serum ceruloplasmin (Cp) content were conducted at each visit to monitor response to drug administration. Serum Cp was used as a surrogate marker of copper status. The owner reported toxicity at each visit. The dog was examined for physical abnormalities. Tumor measurements were completed every 2 weeks using direct measurements of the tumor with calipers in three planes or by direct measurements of the tumor using radiographic or ultrasonographic images in two planes. Tumor response was evaluated only after dogs achieved a 4‐week reduction in their serum Cp content. Tumor responses were defined as either disease stabilization or reduction in tumor volume. Nine dogs achieved Cp reduction. Of those dogs, five had no response to treatment, whereas four dogs had tumor responses after Cp reduction, characterized as either disease stabilization or reduction in tumor volume, for the remainder of the study period. There was only mild self‐limiting toxicity with use of the drug. J. Trace Elem. Exp. Med. 17:9–20, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Investigation of the laser-induced damage of dispersive coatings (2011)

Different dispersive coatings were tested in terms of laser-induced damage threshold by using a Ti:Sapphire laser yielding 1 mJ, 30 fs pulses at 500 Hz repetition rate at 790 nm central wavelength. The beam was focused down to 140 &mu;m. Single layer coatings of Au, Ag, Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>, SiO<sub>2</sub>, Ta<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> and mixtures of Ta<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> and silica were examined as well as different dispersive coatings. We observed a direct dependence of the damage threshold on the band gap of the materials used to produce the different samples. The damage threshold values for the dispersive coatings employing the same high index material lay within a range of 30% of each other.
Synthesis of novel 4-(diarylmethylene)piperidines (2009)

An efficient sequence to the seven novel 4-(diarylmethylene)piperidines starting from the commercially available l-acetylpiperidme-4-carboxylic acid is reported.
A low-overhead virtual rail technique for SRAM leakage power reduction (2006)

We propose a virtual supply rail control technique that reduces SRAM leakage. This method encompasses a cell-based image, serial tiling, pitch matching, small drive device overhead, and controlled power-on currents while incurring small circuit overhead. A virtual rail cell contains both the sleep transistor fingers and input/output drive transistors. The usual overhead associated with the drive circuit that controls the sleep transistors is significantly reduced due to reduced wire load and improved drive efficiency. This technique provides gradual power-on characteristics and good signal slews while effectively mitigating leakage current, maintaining read/write speed and achieving power-on latency compatible with high-performance designs.
Micropower linear compatible I<sup>2</sup>L techniques in biomedical telemetry (1980)

This report will cover an implantable PCM preprocessor using stratified epitaxy, nonabutting N+ collars, and PNP-eoupled stacked I <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> L to reduce transmitter power drain by a decade without added IC fabrication steps.
Multiferroicity of Carbon‐Based Charge‐Transfer Magnets (2014)

A new type of carbon charge-transfer magnet, consisting of a fullerene acceptor and single-walled carbon nanotube donor, is demonstrated, which exhibits room temperature ferromagnetism and magnetoelectric (ME) coupling. In addition, external stimuli (electric/magnetic/elastic field) and the concentration of a nanocarbon complex enable the tunabilities of the magnetization and ME coupling due to the control of the charge transfer.
The role of diet and exercise and of glucosamine sulfate in the prevention of knee osteoarthritis: Further results from the PRevention of knee Osteoarthritis in Overweight Females (PROOF) study (2015)

Glucosamine sulfate decreased the risk of developing radiographic knee OA over 2.5 years in overweight, middle-aged women at risk, as determined by medial mJSN progression. Conversely a tailored diet and exercise program exerted no preventive effect, possibly because of the lower than expected effect on weight loss.
Performance Evaluation of a Tape Library System (2016)

Data with vastly different access characteristics is efficiently stored in multi-tiered storage systems. A cost-effective way to retain large volumes of infrequently accessed data is to store it on tape. Steady developments in tape technology deliver ever increasing storage capacities at low cost. This has established tape as a viable solution to cope with the extreme data growth in the context of Big Data. Assessing the performance of the various tiers is central to achieving appropriate tier dimensioning and storage provisioning. To that end, we develop an analytical model to evaluate the performance of a tape library system that considers various relevant aspects, such as the number of cartridges and tape drives as well as different mount/unmount policies. Closed-form expressions for the corresponding mean waiting times are derived. The validity of the model developed is confirmed by demonstrating that the predicted performance matches well with that obtained by simulation across a wide range of system parameter values.
Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Cancer Immunotherapy (2022)

Abstract Targeted therapy is a new cancer treatment approach, involving drugs that particularly target specific proteins in cancer cells, such as receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) which are involved in promoting growth and proliferation, Therefore inhibiting these proteins could impede cancer progression. An understanding of RTKs and the relevant signaling cascades, has enabled the development of many targeted drug therapies employing RTK inhibitors (RTKIs) that have entered clinical applications. Here we discuss RTK structures, activation mechanisms and functions. Moreover, we cover the potential effects of combination drug therapy (including chemotherapy drugs with one RTKI or multiple RTKIs) especially for drug resistant cancers.
A New and Practical Five-Carbon Component for Metal-Catalyzed [5 + 2] Cycloadditions:  Preparative Scale Syntheses of Substituted Cycloheptenones (2000)

Described herein is an efficient preparative scale synthesis of 1-(2-methyoxyethoxy)-1-vinylcyclopropane and the investigation of the utility of this reagent as a new five-carbon component in metal-catalyzed [5 + 2] cycloadditions. A new cycloaddition procedure is also described that proceeds up to 12-fold faster and with 10-fold less catalyst than previously described, providing cycloheptenones in many cases in minutes and in isolated yields of 75-97%. The procedure is readily conducted on a small or large scale (up to 100 mmol thus far).
The TIGIT/CD226 Axis Regulates Human T Cell Function (2012)

T cell Ig and ITIM domain (TIGIT) is a newly identified receptor expressed on T cells that binds to CD155 on the dendritic cell surface, driving them to a more tolerogenic phenotype. Given that TIGIT contains an ITIM motif in its intracellular domain and considering the potential importance of the TIGIT/CD226 pathway in human autoimmune disease, we investigated the specific role of TIGIT in human CD4(+) T cells. Using an agonistic anti-TIGIT mAb, we demonstrate a direct inhibitory effect on T cell proliferation with a decrease in expression of T-bet, GATA3, IFN regulatory factor 4, and retinoic acid-related orphan receptor c with inhibition of cytokine production, predominantly IFN-γ. Knockdown of TIGIT expression by short hairpin RNA resulted in an increase of both T-bet and IFN-γ mRNA and protein expression with concomitant decrease in IL-10 expression. Increases in IFN-γ with TIGIT knockdown could be overcome by blocking CD226 signaling, indicating that TIGIT exerts immunosuppressive effects by competing with CD226 for the same CD155 ligand. These data demonstrate that TIGIT can inhibit T cell functions by competing with CD226 and can also directly inhibit T cells in a T cell-intrinsic manner. Our results provide evidence for a novel role of this alternative costimulatory pathway in regulating human T cell responses associated with autoimmune disease.
SYNTHESIS OF 5-METHYLENE-(2-OXACYLOPENTYLIDENE)PENTACARBONYL CHROMIUM(0) COMPLEXES AS DIRECT PRECURSORS OF ALPHA-METHYLENE-GAMMA-BUTYROLACTONES (1993)

The reaction between the conjugate bases of (2-oxacyclopentylidene)pentacarbonyl-chromium(0) complexes 1a-f and N,N-dimethylmethyleneammonium hydrochloride directly leads to the corresponding exo-methylene derivatives 3a-f in satisfactory yields. As an example, compound 3d has been oxidized to alpha-methylene-gamma-butyrolactone 4
Pregrasp Manipulation as Trajectory Optimization (2013)

We explore the combined planning of pregrasp manipulation and transport tasks. We formulate this problem as a simultaneous optimization of pregrasp and transport trajectories to minimize overall cost. Next, we reduce this simultaneous optimization problem to an optimization of the transport trajectory with start-point costs and demonstrate how to use physically realistic planners to compute the cost of bringing the object to these start-points. We show how to solve this optimization problem by extending functional gradient-descent methods and demonstrate our planner on two bimanual manipulation platforms.
Dynamic Camouflage in Benthic and Pelagic Cephalopods: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Crypsis Based on Color, Reflection, and Bioluminescence (2010)

Abstract : Our overall goal is to understand the perceptual and mechanistic principles that underlay camouflage framed in the context of the animals' environment. In particular, we plan to characterize and understand the perceptual abilities of several species of benthic and pelagic cephalopods (which are unrivaled masters of dynamic camouflage), the aspects of their optical environment that affect their camouflage behavior, the characterization of that behavior, and the molecular mechanisms inside the skin by which those responses are accomplished. To fully characterize the spatiotemporal characteristics of the near-surface and shallow benthic underwater light field, including ultraviolet radiation and polarization. To determine the visual abilities of several species of cephalopod and model both the shallow and deep-water world from the animals' points of view. To incorporate the knowledge gained from tasks 1 and 2 in order to study the camouflage behavior of these species under simulated ocean conditions. This will lead to an understanding of the most important aspects of their environment that determine their optical camouflage response. To understand the underlying molecular and biophysical mechanisms governing changes in the skin that produce the observed optical effects, to help provide a platform for future translational efforts.
Accelerating Medicines Partnership: Organizational Structure and Preliminary Data From the Phase 1 Studies of Lupus Nephritis (2019)

The Accelerating Medicines Partnership (AMP) Lupus Network was established as a partnership between the National Institutes of Health, pharmaceutical companies, nonprofit stakeholders, and lupus investigators across multiple academic centers to apply high-throughput technologies to the analysis of renal tissue, urine, and blood from patients with lupus nephritis (LN). The AMP network provides publicly accessible data to the community with the goal of generating new scientific hypotheses and improving diagnostic and therapeutic tools so as to improve disease outcomes. We present here a description of the structure of the AMP Lupus Network and a summary of the preliminary results from the phase 1 studies. The successful completion of phase 1 sets the stage for analysis of a large cohort of LN samples in phase 2 and provides a model for establishing similar discovery cohorts.
Lymphatic regulator PROX1 determines Schlemm’s canal integrity and identity (2014)

Schlemm's canal (SC) is a specialized vascular structure in the eye that functions to drain aqueous humor from the intraocular chamber into systemic circulation. Dysfunction of SC has been proposed to underlie increased aqueous humor outflow (AHO) resistance, which leads to elevated ocular pressure, a factor for glaucoma development in humans. Here, using lymphatic and blood vasculature reporter mice, we determined that SC, which originates from blood vessels during the postnatal period, acquires lymphatic identity through upregulation of prospero homeobox protein 1 (PROX1), the master regulator of lymphatic development. SC expressed lymphatic valve markers FOXC2 and integrin α9 and exhibited continuous vascular endothelial-cadherin (VE-cadherin) junctions and basement membrane, similar to collecting lymphatics. SC notably lacked luminal valves and expression of the lymphatic endothelial cell markers podoplanin and lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor 1 (LYVE-1). Using an ocular puncture model, we determined that reduced AHO altered the fate of SC both during development and under pathologic conditions; however, alteration of VEGF-C/VEGFR3 signaling did not modulate SC integrity and identity. Intriguingly, PROX1 expression levels linearly correlated with SC functionality. For example, PROX1 expression was reduced or undetectable under pathogenic conditions and in deteriorated SCs. Collectively, our data indicate that PROX1 is an accurate and reliable biosensor of SC integrity and identity.
Structural investigation of polydimethylsiloxane–vanadate hybrid materials (2000)

The structure of polydimethylsiloxane–vanadate (PDMSV) hybrid materials has been fully investigated. In particular, the use and interpretation of thermogravimetric analysis, IR, Raman and multinuclear NMR (1H, 13C, 17O, 29Si, 51V) spectroscopies allowed an accurate description of their structure on a nanometric scale. The networks are composed of dimethylsiloxane segments with an average size of five to six units linked to monomeric vanadate units VO(OSiMe2..)3. Both units have been identified in cross-linked areas and in end groups. The dissolution and the degradation behaviour of the PDMSV materials are also described.
Short chain branching profiles in polyethylene from the Phillips Cr/silica catalyst (2007)

Abstract SEC and on‐line Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis have been combined to study branching profiles from the Phillips Cr/silica catalyst. For the first time, catalyst and reactor variables have been shown to affect the overall level and distribution of branches in polyethylene copolymers. Branching profiles from various chromium catalysts have been shown to vary from highly concentrated in the low MW end, to uniformly distributed over all of the MW range. Activation temperature and the presence of titania were highly influential. These observations, which have been used to gain insight into the chemistry of Cr/silica, explain much of the catalyst behavior that has for decades been used to optimize polymer properties. Trends in ESCR, impact resistance, and other physical characteristics, which were long attributed to changes in MW distribution, can now be seen to also be due in large part to changes in the branching profile. This knowledge should be of value in designing future resins. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 3135–3149, 2007
Accelerated aging of polymer composite bridge materials (1999)

This is a preprint of a paper intended for publication in a journal or proceedings. Since changes may be made before publication, this preprint should not be cited or reproduced without permission of the author. This document was prepared as a account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, or any of their employees, makes any warranty, expressed or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for any third party&amp;apos;s use, or the results of such use, of any information, apparatus, product or process disclosed in this report, or represents that its use by such third party would not infringe privately owned rights. The views expressed in this paper are not necessarily those of the U.S. Government or the sponsoring agency.
OPC model accuracy study using high volume contour based gauges and deep learning on memory device (2019)

As the design node of memory device shrinks, OPC model accuracy is becoming ever more critical from development to manufacturing. To improve the model accuracy, more and more physical effects are analyzed and terms for those physical effects are added. But it is unachievable to capture the complete physical effects. In this study, deep neural network is employed and studied to improve model accuracy. Regularization is achieved using physical guidance model. To address overfitting issue, high volume of contour based edge placement (EP) gauges (&gt;10K) are generated using fast eBeam tool (eP5) and metrology processing software (MXP) without increasing turnaround time. It is shown that the new approach improved model accuracy by &gt;47% compared to traditional approach on &gt;1.4K verification gauges.
High production of CH4 and H2 by reducing PET waste water using a non-diaphragm-based electrochemical method (2016)

In recent years, the worldwide use of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) has increased exponentially. PET wastewater contains ethylene glycol (EG) and terephthalic acid (TPA). In this study, we present a unique method for producing combustible gases like CH4 and H2 from PET wastewater by electrochemical reaction of EG and TPA. The non-diaphragm-based electrochemical (NDE) method was used to treat PET wastewater. The electrochemical removal of EG and TPA from PET wastewater was examined and the optimal conditions for their reduction to CH4 and H2 were determined. Using the proposed system, 99.9% of the EG and TPA present in the PET wastewater samples were degraded to produce CH4 and H2, at applied voltages lower than 5 V. The highest Faradaic efficiency achieved for EG and TPA reduction was 62.2% (CH4, 25.6%; H2, 36.6%), at an applied voltage of 0.8 V. Remarkably, CH4 was produced from EG decomposition and H2 from TPA decomposition. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported instance of CH4 and H2 production from EG and TPA, respectively. The electrochemical reductive treatment will be an important discovery for reducing water contamination and replacing fossil fuels with respect to generating green energy.
IL-6 and Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 Are Regulated by the Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 in Synovial Fibroblasts (2003)

During the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the synovial fibroblasts increase in number and produce proinflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) that function to promote inflammation and joint destruction. Recent investigations have suggested that cell cycle activity and inflammation may be linked. However, little is known about the mechanisms responsible for the coordinate regulation of proliferation and the expression of proinflammatory molecules in RA synovial fibroblasts. Here, we demonstrate a 50 +/- 10% decrease in the expression of p21, a cell cycle inhibitor, in the synovial fibroblast population from RA compared with osteoarthritis (OA) synovial tissue. Moreover, p21 positivity in the synovial fibroblasts inversely correlates with medium synovial lining thickness (r = -0.76; p < 0.02). The expression of p21 is also reduced in isolated RA synovial fibroblasts compared with OA synovial fibroblasts. Adenovirus-mediated delivery of p21 (Ad-p21) arrests both RA and OA synovial fibroblasts in the G(0)/G(1) phase of the cell cycle without inducing cytotoxicity. However, the spontaneous production of IL-6 and MMP-1 is suppressed only in the Ad-p21-infected RA synovial fibroblasts, indicating a novel role for p21 in RA. Analyses of p21-deficient mouse synovial fibroblasts reveal a 100-fold increase in IL-6 protein and enhance IL-6 and MMP-3 mRNA. Restoration of p21, but not overexpression of Rb, which also induces G(0)/G(1) cell cycle arrest, decreases IL-6 synthesis in p21-null synovial fibroblasts. Furthermore, in RA synovial fibroblasts the ectopic expression of p21 reduces activation of the AP-1 transcription factor. Additionally, p21-null synovial fibroblasts display enhanced activation of AP-1 compared with wild-type synovial fibroblasts. These data suggest that alterations in p21 expression may activate AP-1 leading to enhanced proinflammatory cytokine and MMP production and development of autoimmune disease.
3-Aryl-1,2-diacetamidopropane Derivatives as Novel and Potent NK-1 Receptor Antagonists (1996)

Early structure-activity studies on racemic tryptophan ester and amide NK-1 antagonists 5-7 led to the discovery that the potency of the series could be markedly increased by moving the carbonyl function in these molecules to an off-chain position as in the 3-aryl-1,2-diacetamidopropane 9. Further medicinal chemistry incorporating this change resulted in the discovery of a novel series of highly potent aryl amino acid derived NK-1 antagonists of the R stereoisomeric series (IC50's = 100 pM to > 5 microM). Compounds in this series were shown to be competitive antagonists using an in vitro NK-1 smooth muscle assay, and this data correlated well with observed human NK-1 binding affinities. Two of these agents, (R)-25 and (R)-32, blocked intrathecal NK-1 agonist-driven [Ac-[Arg6,Sar9,Met(O2)11]- substance P 6-11 (Ac-Sar9)] nociceptive behavior in mice. Both compounds potently blocked the neurogenic dural inflammation following trigeminal ganglion stimulation in the guinea pig after intravenous administration. Further, upon oral administration in this model, (R)-32 was observed to be very potent (ID50 = 91 ng/kg) and have a long duration of action (> 8 h at 1 micrograms/kg). Compound (R)-32, designated LY303870, is currently under clinical development as an NK-1 antagonist with a long duration of action.
The Use Of Nuclear Reactor Radiation To Promote Chemical Reactions. (1959)

PhD