gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Role of Cobalt and Manganese for the Safety of Ni-Rich NMC Cathode (2021)

The intrinsic poor thermal stability of layered LiNi x Co y Mn 1– x – y O 2 (NCM) cathodes and the exothermic side reactions triggered by the associated oxygen release are the main safety threats for their large-scale implantation. In the NCM family, it is widely accepted that Ni is the stability troublemaker, while Mn has long been considered as a structure stabilizer, whereas the role of Co remains elusive. Here, via Co/Mn exchange in a Ni-rich LiNi 0.83 Co 0.11 Mn 0.06 O 2 cathode, we demonstrate that the chemical and structural stability of the deep delithiated NCM cathodes are significantly dominated by Co rather than the widely reported Mn. Operando synchrotron X-ray characterization coupling with in situ mass spectrometry reveal that the Co 4+ reduces prior to the reduction of Ni 4+ and could thus prolong the Ni migration by occupying the tetrahedra sites and, hence, postpone the oxygen release and thermal failure. In contrast, the Mn itself is stable, but barely stabilizes the Ni 4+ . Our results highlight the importance of evaluating the intrinsic role of compositional tuning on the Ni-rich/Co-free layered oxide cathode materials to guarantee the safe operation of high-energy Li-ion batteries.
High-power highly-reliable operation of 0.98-μm InGaAs-InGaP strain-compensated single-quantum-well lasers with tensile-strained InGaAsP barriers (1995)

We compared 0.98-/spl mu/m lasers with a strain-compensated active layer consisting of a compressive InGaAs well and tensile-strained InGaAsP barriers with identical lasers that have a conventional active layer with GaAs barriers. It was shown that the lasers with InGaAsP barriers have better temperature characteristics due to the larger energy gap difference between a well and barriers. Because of the high characteristic temperature, 200-mW operation was obtained with the InGaAsP-barrier laser even at 90/spl deg/C without any significant deterioration. We also showed that the operation of the lasers with a strain-compensated active layer was highly reliable. The degradation rate of these lasers was four times smaller than that of the lasers with GaAs barriers due to the better crystal quality in their active laser. The estimated lifetime at 25/spl deg/C for the lasers with a strain-compensated active layer was more than 170000 hours.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Central Sleep Apnea Is Associated with Increased Ventilatory Response to Carbon Dioxide and Hypersecretion of Growth Hormone in Patients with Acromegaly (1994)

Abstract Although obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) occurs commonly in acromegaly, we have recently reported an unexpectedly high prevalence of central sleep apnea (CSA) in these patients. Acromegalic patients with CSA have increased growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels compared with their counterparts with OSA. Studies in animals, normal humans, and patients with sleep apnea have suggested that CSA is associated with increased gain of the respiratory control system. To examine the relationship between sleep apnea, respiratory control, and hormonal activity in acromegaly, we performed sleep studies and examined ventilatory responses to hypoxia at resting CO2 (HVR) and 8 mm Hg above resting CO2 (HHVR) and hypercapnia (HCVR) in 54 patients with acromegaly who also underwent detailed endocrine evaluation. Patients with CSA (n = 11) had higher HCVR (3.47 +/- 0.57 L/min/mm Hg) than did patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) (1.86 +/- 0.19, n = 33) and patients without sleep apnea (1.77 +/- 0.21, n = 10). Measures of ventilatory control were all correlated with the mean of 12 hourly GH concentrations, but only HCVR was correlated with IGF-1 levels. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that HCVR, HHVR, and IGF-1 could explain 39% of the variability in the degree of CSA in acromegalic patients with sleep apnea. We conclude that increased ventilatory responsiveness and elevated hormonal parameters of disease activity both contribute to the pathogenesis of central sleep apnea in acromegaly.
Fiel trial of Quality driven Video Streaming (2012)

A field trial of Quality driven Video Streaming is described and shows how we can achieve approximately a 40% reduction in byte volume for adaptive constant quality delivery compared to adaptive constant bitrate delivery while maintaining the equivalent overall quality. The trials were carried out over BT's broadband network.
Mercury(II) Acetate-Sodium Trimethoxyborohydride (2001)

(Hg(OAc)2) [1600-27-7] C4H6HgO4 (MW 318.69) InChI = 1S/2C2H4O2.Hg/c2*1-2(3)4;/h2*1H3,(H,3,4);/q;;+2/p-2 InChIKey = BRMYZIKAHFEUFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L (NaBH(OMe)3) [16940-17-3] C3H10BNa (MW 170.83) InChI = 1S/C3H10BO3.Na/c1-5-4(6-2)7-3;/h4H,1-3H3;/q-1;+1 InChIKey = NTDOFGWTIAZCKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N (organomercury acetates are powerful reagents for radical carbon–carbon bond formation in combination with borohydrides1) Physical Data: mp 178–180 °C (overheating results in decomposition); d 3.27 g cm−3. Solubility: sol ethanol, methanol, acetic acid, ethylene glycol, hot water; slightly sol acetone, ethyl acetate, water. Form Supplied in: white solid; widely available. Purification: recrystallization from a mixture of hot ethanol, water, and acetic acid (10∶10∶1). Handling, Storage, and Precautions: mercury(II) acetate has a slight acetic odor; forms white light-sensitive crystals. Keep well closed and protected from light. Inhalation of mercury(II) acetate dust should be avoided: wearing of protecting gloves for handling this compound is recommended. Extremely toxic. Use in a fume hood.
Illuminating the origins of spectral properties of green fluorescent proteins via proteochemometric and molecular modeling (2014)

Green fluorescent protein (GFP) has immense utility in biomedical imaging owing to its autofluorescent nature. In efforts to broaden the spectral diversity of GFP, there have been several reports of engineered mutants via rational design and random mutagenesis. Understanding the origins of spectral properties of GFP could be achieved by means of investigating its structure-activity relationship. The first quantitative structure-property relationship study for modeling the spectral properties, particularly the excitation and emission maximas, of GFP was previously proposed by us some years ago in which quantum chemical descriptors were used for model development. However, such simplified model does not consider possible effects that neighboring amino acids have on the conjugated π-system of GFP chromophore. This study describes the development of a unified proteochemometric model in which the GFP chromophore and amino acids in its vicinity are both considered in the same model. The predictive performance of the model was verified by internal and external validation as well as Y-scrambling. Our strategy provides a general solution for elucidating the contribution that specific ligand and protein descriptors have on the investigated spectral property, which may be useful in engineering novel GFP variants with desired characteristics.
Fine-mapping of DNA damage and repair in specific genomic segments (1990)

The susceptibility of various genomic regions to DNA damage and repair is heterogeneous. While this can be related to factors such as primary sequence, physical conformation, and functional status, the exact mechanisms involved remain unclear. To more precisely define the key features of a genomic region targeted for these processes, a useful tool would be a method for fine-mapping gene-specific DNA damage and repair in vivo. Here, a polymerase chain reaction-based assay is described for measuring DNA damage and repair in small (less than 500 bp) genomic segments of three transcriptionally active but functionally distinct loci (rearranged immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region [Ig VDJ], low-density lipoprotein receptor gene, and N-ras proto-oncogene) in human tonsillar B lymphocytes. Analysis of ultraviolet (254 nm)-induced DNA damage revealed single-hit kinetics and a similar level of sensitivity (D50% approximately 6000 joule/m2) in all three regions, indicating that a single photoproduct was sufficient to fully block PCR amplification. A similar time period per unit length was required for repair of this DNA damage (average t1/2 per fragment length = 23.5 seconds per bp). DNA damage and repair was also detectable with the base adducting agent, 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide. However, in this case IgVDJ differed from segments within the other two loci by its relative inaccessibility to alkylation. This assay thus permits high-resolution mapping of DNA damage and repair activity.
Shape Deformation in Ion Beam Irradiated Colloidal Monolayers: An AFM Investigation (2020)

Self-assembly of colloidal monolayers represents a prominent approach to the fabrication of nanostructures. The modification of the shape of colloidal particles is essential in order to enrich the variety of attainable patterns which would be limited by the typical assembly of spherical particles in a hexagonal arrangement. Polymer particles are particularly promising in this sense. In this article, we investigate the deformation of closely-packed polystyrene particles under MeV oxygen ion irradiation at normal incidence using atomic force microscopy (AFM). By developing a procedure based on the fitting of particle topography with quadrics, we reveal a scenario of deformation more complex than the one observed in previous studies for silica particles, where several phenomena, including ion hammering, sputtering, chemical modifications, can intervene in determining the final shape due to the specific irradiation conditions. In particular, deformation into an ellipsoidal shape is accompanied by shrinkage and polymer redistribution with the presence of necks between particles for increasing ion fluence. In addition to casting light on particle irradiation in a regime not yet explored, we present an effective method for the characterization of the colloidal particle morphology which can be applied to describe and understand particle deformation in other regimes of irradiation or with different techniques.
Quorum Sensing Negatively Regulates Multinucleate Cell Formation during Intracellular Growth of Burkholderia pseudomallei in Macrophage-Like Cells (2013)

Burkholderia pseudomallei is a Gram-negative environmental bacterium and the causative agent of melioidosis, a potentially fatal, acute or chronic disease endemic in the tropics. Acyl homoserine lactone (AHL)-mediated quorum sensing and signalling have been associated with virulence and biofilm formation in numerous bacterial pathogens. In the canonical acyl-homoserine lactone signalling paradigm, AHLs are detected by a response regulator. B. pseudomallei encodes three AHL synthases, encoded by bpsI1, bpsI2 and bpsI3, and five regulator genes. In this study, we mutated the B. pseudomallei AHL synthases individually and in double and triple combination. Five AHLs were detected and quantified by tandem liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy. The major AHLs produced were N-octanoylhomoserine lactone and N-(3-hydroxy-decanoyl)homoserine lactone, the expression of which depended on bpsI1 and bpsI2, respectively. B. pseudomallei infection of macrophage cells causes cell fusion, leading to multinucleated cells (3 or more nuclei per cell). A triple mutant defective in production of all three AHL synthases was associated with a striking phenotype of massively enhanced host cellular fusion in macrophages. However, neither abrogation of host cell fusion, achieved by mutation of bimA or hcp1, nor enhancement of fusion altered intracellular replication of B. pseudomallei. Furthermore, when tested in murine models of acute melioidosis the AHL synthase mutants were not attenuated for virulence. Collectively, this study identifies important new aspects of the genetic basis of AHL synthesis in B. pseudomallei and the roles of these AHLs in systemic infection and in cell fusion in macrophages for this important human pathogen.
Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling 2007 (2008)

Most computer user interfaces continue to be based on the keyboard and mouse. These are good for typing and pointing, but they lack the naturalness, transparency, and ease-of-use of basic low-tech pencil and paper. Modern pen computing hardware, in principle, enables fluid drawing, sketching, and direct manipulation of both text and graphics. To realize this potential requires effective user interface designs and underlying algorithms to support them. This collection brings together the most recent research presented at the Fourth Eurographics Workshop on Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling that took place August 2-3, 2007 in Riverside, CA, and was held in cooperation with Eurographics and the American Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI). The included papers explore techniques and technologies needed to enable sketch-based interfaces. The focus is on methods for recognition of hand-drawn shapes and interpretation of diagrams and sketches, and on applications of sketch-based interfaces to a variety of domains such as 2D/3D graphics, CAD, diagram editing, and note-taking.
Optical frequency combs from mode-locked diode lasers - applications in communications, signal processing & radar for avionics (2015)

Optical frequency combs from mode-locked lasers are developed and used for realizing unique functionality for applications in ultra-wide bandwidth communication and signal processing.
Intracoronary Poloxamer 188 Prevents Reperfusion Injury in a Porcine Model of ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (2016)

Intracoronary infusion of P188 immediately upon reperfusion significantly reduces cellular and mitochondrial injury after ischemia and reperfusion in this clinically relevant porcine model of STEMI. The timing and route of delivery were critical to achieve the benefit.
Surface and bulk diffusion of HDO on ultrathin single-crystal ice multilayers on Ru(001) (1998)

The kinetics of HDO surface and bulk diffusion on ultrathin (25–192 BL; 90–700 Å) single-crystal H216O ice multilayers were studied using a combination of laser-induced thermal desorption (LITD) probing and isothermal desorption depth-profiling. The single-crystal hexagonal ice multilayers were grown epitaxially on a single-crystal Ru(001) metal substrate with the basal (001) facet of ice parallel to the Ru(001) surface. HDO surface diffusion on the single-crystal ice multilayer was not observed within the resolution of the LITD experiment at T=140 K. These LITD surface diffusion experiments yielded an upper limit to the HDO surface diffusion coefficient of Ds⩽1×10−9 cm2/s at T=140 K. The bulk diffusion coefficients were measured along the c axis of the hexagonal ice crystal which is perpendicular to the (001) plane. HDO was observed to diffuse readily into the underlying H216O ice multilayer. The measured HDO bulk diffusion coefficients ranged from D=2.2(±0.3)×10−16 cm2/s to D=3.9(±0.4)×10−14 cm2/s over the temperature range from 153 to 170 K. The HDO bulk diffusion coefficients were measured for H216O thicknesses of 25–192 BL (1 BL=1.06×1015 molecules/cm2) and initial HDO adlayer thicknesses of 2–9 BL. The HDO bulk diffusion was independent of H216O film thickness and initial HDO coverage. Arrhenius analysis of the temperature-dependent bulk diffusion coefficients yielded a diffusion activation energy of EA=17.0±1.0 kcal/mol and a diffusion preexponential of Do=4.2(±0.8)×108 cm2/s. Compared with extrapolations from macroscopic diffusion kinetics obtained earlier at temperatures close to the melting point, these bulk diffusion coefficients are larger and may reflect the perturbation of the ultrathin ice films induced by the nearby interfaces. The differences between these HDO diffusion kinetics and recently measured kinetics for H218O indicate that H/D exchange and molecular transport make comparable contributions to the HDO diffusion coefficient.
S136 REPROGRAMMING HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL FUNCTION VIA MODULATION OF MITOCHONDRIAL ACTIVITY (2019)

Background: Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are a small group of cells that ensure a steady production of all mature blood cells throughout an organism's lifetime. HSCs mediate this process by giving rise to progenitors that in turn produce terminally differentiated mature blood cell lineages via several rounds of cell division and well‐orchestrated differentiation steps. Cellular metabolism has emerged as a crucial regulator guiding this complex process. Especially, HSCs differ from their committed progeny by relying primarily on anaerobic glycolysis rather than mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation for energy production. This distinct metabolic state protects the HSCs from cellular damage inflicted by reactive oxygen species (ROS) in active mitochondria. However, whether this change in the metabolic program is the cause or a consequence of the unique function of HSCs remains unknown. Aims: Having previously shown that mitochondrial activity can be used as a reliable readout for HSC fate, here we asked if modulation of mitochondrial activity results in enhancement of HSC function. Methods: We used in vitro mitochondrial activity and in vivo long‐term blood reconstitution assays as readouts of murine and human HSC functionality. Results: We previously demonstrated that modulation of mitochondrial metabolism in murine and human HSCs, by chemical uncouplers of the electron transport chain or via NAD+ boosting agent Nicotinamide Riboside (NR), results in better long‐term blood production in serially transplanted mice (Vannini N∗, Girotra M∗. et al., Nature Communication 2016 and, Vannini et al., Cell Stem Cell, in press). Here we proceeded to carry out a screen, using mitochondrial activity as readout, to identify metabolic modulators that enhance HSC function. We found two novel candidates, a natural compound and a vitamin precursor, that modulate mitochondrial activity in both mouse and human HSCs, and resulted in enhanced HSC function post bone‐marrow transplantation. Interestingly, we found that these candidates mediate their effects partially by inducing mitophagy, supporting recent studies highlighting the role of mitophagy as a key driver of HSC function. Moreover, our preliminary analysis reveals that they mediate similar effects in aged human HSCs, making them ideal candidates to revert age‐associated myeloid bias in human patients. Summary/Conclusion: Our data establishes a causal relationship between mitochondrial metabolism and HSC function via mitophagy. It also provides a valuable tool to identify optimal ex vivo conditions for HSC expansion, to improve the outcome for patients suffering from bone marrow insufficiency and to restore the functionality of the immune system in aged individuals.
Magnetic properties of an antiferromagnetically coupled bcc Fe0.82Ni0.18/V(001) superlattice (2004)

This thesis concerns the growth and magnetic properties of thin films and multilayers. The samples were grown by magnetron sputtering, and characterized structurally mainly by x-ray diffraction and reflectivity. The magnetic characterization of the multilayers was done by magneto-optical Kerr technique, SQUID magnetometry and, in two samples, by neutron reflectometry.Arrays of small elements of polycrystalline permalloy (FeNi alloy with 19 wt% Fe) are of interest as a component in non-volatile magnetic random access memories (MRAM). Here the shape dependence of the domain structure in such elements was studied by magnetic force microscopy (MFM) and in thin ring magnets the 'onion' state could be seen for the first time. Also, by post-annealing in hydrogen atmosphere the number of domains decreased in each element due to enhanced relaxation and defect reduction.Furthermore, permalloy-based anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) in read heads are nowadays replaced by material combinations that have a giant magnetoresistance (GMR) effect. In this work Fe/V(001) and Fe0.82Ni0.18/V(001) superlattices, i.e. single-crystal-like multilayers, were investigated. These systems showed much smaller GMR effect compared to the Fe/Cr system. However, by introducing Ni into the Fe layers the magnetic anisotropy and the interlayer exchange coupling (IEC) decreased, thereby increasing the sensitivity, which is a key property for a magnetic sensor. The interface region showed a reduced magnetic moment, and the influence of the structural quality was modelled and investigated theoretically in the Fe0.82Ni0.18/V case. Also, in the Fe(2-3 ML)/V(x ML) superlattices (ML=monolayers) the transition temperature from long-range magnetic order to paramagnetic order oscillated with the V layer thickness (x) as a result of the oscillatory behaviour of the IEC.The introduction of hydrogen in the non-magnetic layers of, for example, Fe/V(001) superlattices is a way to tune the IEC strength. Here the tuning was used as a tool to study the magnetic order in a low-dimensional magnet. At the critical hydrogen concentration =0.022 the Fe layers in an Fe(2 ML)/V(13 ML) superlattice became decoupled. Then the system behaved as a two-dimensional Ising magnet with a finite ordering temperature of about 60 K.
Twitter in disaster mode (2011)

Recent events (earthquakes, floods, etc.) have shown that users heavily rely on online social networks (OSN) to communicate and organize during disasters and in their aftermath. In this paper, we discuss what features could be added to OSN apps for smart phones -- for the example of Twitter -- to make them even more useful for disaster situations. In particular, we consider cases where the fixed communication infrastructure is partially or totally wiped out and propose to equip regular Twitter apps with a disaster mode. The disaster mode relies on opportunistic communication and epidemic spreading of Tweets from phone to phone. Such "disaster-ready" applications would allow to resume (although limited) communication instantaneously and help distressed people to self-organize until regular communication networks are functioning again, or, temporary emergency communication infrastructure is installed.
Recovery Of Phytosterols From Fiber Removed From Distiller Dried Grains With Solubles (DDGS) (2001)

A process was developed to aspirate the fiber from the distiller dried grains withsolubles (DDGS), produced from the cereal grain dry-grind ethanol process. Fiber wasrecovered from DDGS obtained from several fuel ethanol and beverage alcohol dry-grind plants.Depending upon the dry-grind plant, aspirated fiber, accounted for 26 to 37% of the total DDGSfraction. Samples were analyzed for individual and total phytosterol composition. From thefiber, approximately 12 to 39% of individual phytosterols and approximately 28 to 37% of totalphytosterols could be recovered. The residual DDGS (DDGS after the removal of fiber) was analyzed for fat, protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and ash content.Removal of fiber increased the amount of oil and protein in the residual DDGS by 0.2 to 1.9%and 0.4 to 1.4%, respectively. Removal of fiber decreased the amount of the neutral detergentfiber (NDF) by 0.1 to 2.8% in the residual DDGS. Increased oil and protein content anddecreased NDF content suggests increased market value of the residual DDGS.