gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Radiation-induced Free Radicals in Solid 5-halouracil Derivatives: Single Crystals of 5-iododeoxyuridine (1984)

X-irradiation of single crystals of 5-iododeoxyuridine (IUdR) in the temperature range 8-300 K produces mainly four different radicals which have been studied by electron spin resonance (e.s.r.) and electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR)-spectroscopy. At low temperatures, a pi-anion is formed which shows predominantly an interaction of the unpaired electron with a proton at carbon C6 of the base (-11.8 G, -23.9 G, -4.6 G). Above 10-20 K, the anion protonates at C6 to yield a RC-I(CH2)-R' radical comprising alpha-iodo and beta-methylene proton hyperfine interactions. The primary oxidation product is an O5'-situated alkoxy radical RCH2O which shows inequivalent beta-proton couplings of about 100 G and 35 G together with a highly anisotropic g-tensor. Upon warming to 265 K, a C2'-located radical on the deoxyribose is formed which is stable at room temperature. A detailed account of its spectral features as obtained by ENDOR exhibits three different alpha-type couplings, two small beta-protons and a dipolar interaction. Other radicals, not reproducibly observed, involve a C5'-hydroxyalkyl radical and a species related to the base cation at low temperatures.
The Next Generation of Control: Local Positioning (1999)

Abstract One of the basic control considerations in any organization is determining reliably where its physical assets are located. Products being developed currently will change that aspect of control and will impact the work of every IS auditor. This article explains how one of these products works and how it can be used to control the physical assets of an organization.
Active noise control systems with adaptive nonlinear filters (2005)

The reference and error sensors of active noise control (ANC) systems may be saturated in real-world applications if the noise level exceeds the dynamic range of the sensors. This nonlinear saturation degrades the performance of ANC systems that use adaptive linear filters with the filtered-X least-mean-square (FXLMS) algorithm. This paper derives adaptive nonlinear Volterra and bilinear filters with the corresponding FXLMS algorithms for solving the sensor saturation and other nonlinear distortions occurred in ANC systems for practical applications. The performance of these adaptive nonlinear filters is evaluated in terms of convergence speed and residual noise in steady state. Computer simulations using transfer functions measured from an experimental setup verify that these adaptive nonlinear algorithms are effective in reducing saturation effects in ANC systems.
Flexible Transceivers (2012)

The introduction of coherent transceivers in high capacity optical transmission systems has dramatically increased networking capabilities. We discuss how enhancing flexibility of these transceivers enables dynamic optimization of DWDM signal characteristics to extract more capacity from optical networks.
Polymer Covalent Functionalization of Carbon Nanohorns Using Bulk Free Radical Polymerization (2010)

Herein, we report on a facile approach for the covalent functionalization of carbon nanohorns, using in situ bulk free radical polymerization of methacrylic acid. The obtained material is soluble in aqueous media, facilitating its processability and has been fully characterized by means of complementary spectroscopic techniques, electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and light scattering. Simultaneously, the material has been used as a template for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles on the surface of the polymer-decorated carbon nanohorns.
Sub-Watt Femtosecond Laser Source with the Spectrum Spanning 3–8 μm (2017)

We demonstrate an approach to a middle-IR frequency comb generator, which uniquely combines Watt-level power, exceptionally broad spectrum and small footprint. The source is based on an OP-GaAs OPO synchronously pumped by a Cr:ZnS femtosecond MOPA.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Discovery and Characterization of Novel Mutant FLT3 Kinase Inhibitors (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1 from Discovery and Characterization of Novel Mutant FLT3 Kinase Inhibitors
Comparison between MIMO techniques in UMTS-HSDPA system (2005)

An analytical model for the evaluation of UMTS-HSDPA capacity is proposed and used to carry out a comparison between several MIMO systems. HSDPA is an evolution of the UMTS standard over-the-air interface to achieve higher aggregate bit rates through the introduction of advanced radio technologies including MIMO (space time coding and BLAST) techniques. An algorithm to select the number of HS-DSCH codes and the modulation and coding scheme in this framework is proposed. The model is used to compare MIMO systems, a typically difficult task, and provide insight on expected performance and capacity. Results, supported by simulation, indicate that the use of adaptive MIMO increases system capacity, especially when the loss of orthogonality of CDMA codes is low (for example when a multiuser detector is used). The adaptive space time coding seems to perform better when the code's orthogonality loss is high. The adaptive BLAST, on the contrary, achieves better performance with the decrease of orthogonality loss.
We Should Expect More out of Our Sewage Sludge (2015)

Sewage sludge and biosolids production and management are a central component of water and sanitation engineering. The culmination of previous incremental technologies and regulations aimed at solving a current treatment problem, rather than developing the practice for the higher goals of sustainability have resulted in sludge becoming an economic and social liability. Sludge management practice must shift from treatment of a liability toward recovery of the embedded energy and chemical assets, while continuing to protect the environment and human health. This shift will require new research, treatment technologies and infrastructure and must be guided by the application of green engineering principles to ensure economic, social, and environmental sustainability.
Ion trajectory simulation for electrode configurations with arbitrary geometries (2006)

A multi-particle ion trajectory simulation program ITSIM 6.0 is described, which is capable of ion trajectory simulations for electrode configurations with arbitrary geometries. The electrode structures are input from a 3D drawing program AutoCAD and the electric field is calculated using a 3D field solver COMSOL. The program CreatePot acts as interface between the field solver and ITSIM 6.0. It converts the calculated electric field into a field array file readable by ITSIM 6.0 and ion trajectories are calculated by solving Newton's equation using Runge-Kutta integration methods. The accuracy of the field calculation is discussed for the ideal quadrupole ion trap in terms of applied mesh density. Electric fields of several different types of devices with 3D geometry are simulated, including ion transport through an ion optical system as a function of pressure. Ion spatial distributions, including the storage of positively charged ions only and simultaneous storage of positively/negatively charged ions in commercial linear ion traps with various geometries, are investigated using different trapping modes. Inelastic collisions and collision induced dissociation modeled using RRKM theory are studied, with emphasis on the fragmentation of n-butylbenzene inside an ideal quadrupole ion trap. The mass spectrum of 1,3-dichlorobenzene is simulated for the rectilinear ion trap device and good agreement is observed between the simulated and the experimental mass spectra. Collisional cooling using helium at different pressures is found to affect mass resolution in the rectilinear ion trap.
Kinematic Properties in the Alboran Sea: Results from Surface and Subsurface Drifter Observations (2020)

Trabajo presentado en la Ocean Sciences Meeting, celebrada en San Diego del 16 al 21 de febrero de 2020.
Protective effects of angiopoietin-like 4 on cerebrovascular and functional damages in ischaemic stroke (2013)

These results, therefore, show ANGPTL4 counteracts the loss of vascular integrity in ischaemic stroke, by restricting Src kinase signalling downstream from VEGFR2. ANGPTL4 treatment thus reduces oedema, infarct size, neuronal loss, and improves mice behaviour. These results suggest that ANGPTL4 constitutes a relevant target for vasculoprotection and cerebral protection during stroke.
The Role of Grain Boundaries on Ionic Defect Migration in Metal Halide Perovskites (2020)

Abstract Halide perovskites are emerging as revolutionary materials for optoelectronics. Their ionic nature and the presence of mobile ionic defects within the crystal structure have a dramatic influence on the operation of thin‐film devices such as solar cells, light‐emitting diodes, and transistors. Thin films are often polycrystalline and it is still under debate how grain boundaries affect the migration of ions and corresponding ionic defects. Laser excitation during photoluminescence (PL) microscopy experiments leads to formation and subsequent migration of ionic defects, which affects the dynamics of charge carrier recombination. From the microscopic observation of lateral PL distribution, the change in the distribution of ionic defects over time can be inferred. Resolving the PL dynamics in time and space of single crystals and thin films with different grain sizes thus, provides crucial information about the influence of grain boundaries on the ionic defect movement. In conjunction with experimental observations, atomistic simulations show that defects are trapped at the grain boundaries, thus inhibiting their diffusion. Hence, with this study, a comprehensive picture highlighting a fundamental property of the material is provided while also setting a theoretical framework in which the interaction between grain boundaries and ionic defect migration can be understood.
Risk of Metastasis in Men with Grade Group 2 Prostate Cancer Managed with Active Surveillance at a Tertiary Cancer Center (2020)

Active surveillance appears to be a safe initial management strategy in the short term for carefully selected and closely monitored men with Grade Group 2 prostate cancer treated at a tertiary cancer center. Definitive conclusions await further followup.
Stabilization of a highly porous metal–organic framework utilizing a carborane-based linker (2015)

The first tritopic carborane-based linker, H3BCA (C15B24O6H30), based on closo-1,10-C2B8H10, has been synthesized and incorporated into a metal-organic framework (MOF), NU-700 (Cu3(BCA)2). In contrast to the analogous MOF-143, NU-700 can be activated with retention of porosity, yielding a BET surface area of 1870 m(2) g(-1).
Achievable Rates for Arbitrary Network Topologies with â Cheapâ Nodes (2003)

In this paper, we derive achievable rates for arbitrary network topologies consisting of â cheapâ nodes. A node is labeled â cheapâ if its radio can only operate in TDD mode when transmitting and receiving in the same frequency band. Two main results are shown. The first result provides an achievable rate for the channel with either continuous alphabet or discrete channel. The second result provides the achievable rate for the Gaussian channel with average power constraint. The two results are applied to the case of Gaussian relay channel and concatenated channel with cheap nodes
Integrated Design of Powertrain Controllers in Series Hybrid Electric Vehicles for Efficiency Enhancement and Battery Lifetime Extension (2009)

In this study, a control strategy for the series hybrid electric vehicle (SHEV) powertrain, based on the design of fixed-boundary-layer sliding mode controllers (FBLSMCs) and a battery charge scenario, is presented to enhance engine efficiency as well as extend battery cycle life. An appropriate battery charge scenario is designed to remove surge charge current, keep the battery staying in a high state-of-charge (SOC) region and avoid persistently-high charge power, which are positive factors to the battery lifetime extension. To locate the engine operation in the optimal efficiency area, two robust FBLSMCs against uncertain disturbances are configured in the powertrain control system, responsible for engine speed control and engine torque control, respectively. Simulation results are obtained for comparison between the proposed and conventional powertrain control schemes by using the Advanced Vehicle Simulator (ADVISOR). Through these simulations, the effectiveness and superiority of the FBLSMC-based SHEV power train control strategy are validated.
System Evaluation of Cavitation Enhanced Heat Transfer in Microchannels (2006)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Mainstream Engineering Corporation and Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute previously introduced a new method of enhancing two-phase heat transfer in microchannels. Micro-orifices, 20 μm wide, were entrenched at the inlet of 227-μm (hydraulic diameter) microchannels to provide flow stability and induce hydrodynamic cavitation. Significant heat transfer enhancement was recorded during supercavitating flow conditions in comparison to non-cavitating flows with minimal pressure-drop penalty. This paper examines the usefulness of this approach from a systems perspective. Results are compared to predicted values in microchannel passages without orifices. Recommendations are made to improve the performance of the entire thermal management system.&lt;/div&gt;
Approaches towards expression profiling the response to treatment (2008)

Over the past 8 years there has been a wealth of breast cancer gene expression studies. The majority of these studies have focused upon characterising a tumour at presentation, before treatment, rather than looking at the effects of treatment on the tumour. More recently, a number of groups have moved from predicting prognosis based upon long-term follow-up to alternative approaches of using expression profiling to measure the effect of treatment on breast tumours and potentially predict response to therapy using either post-treatment samples or both pre-treatment and post-treatment samples. Whilst this provides great potential to further our understanding of the mode of action of treatments and to more accurately select which patients will benefit from a particular treatment, serious issues of experimental design must be considered.
Enhanced reconstruction of AVC/H.264 intra video based on motion compensated temporal filtering and total-variation regularization (2009)

This paper proposes an enhanced reconstruction method of AVC/H.264 intra video based on motion compensated temporal filtering (MCTF) and total-variation (TV) regularization. The MCTF attenuates temporal fluctuations in block transform coefficient values of individual decoded video frames on the basis of motion estimation (ME). However, the attenuated block transform coefficients lead to spatial discontinuities on the associated image area. The TV regularization technique reduces the spatial discontinuities, and also suppresses quantization noises of the image edge vicinities that are supposed to belong to a smooth object while keeping the image edge sharpness. The proposed reconstruction method thus enhances the quality of decoded video frames degraded by flicker artifacts and ringing noises. Simulation results show that the proposed method improves the subjective video quality of AVC/H.264 intra video, and the attainable bit rate up to 16.1% at the same objective video quality.
Cascade Polymeric MRI Contrast Media Derived from Poly(ethylene glycol) Cores:  Initial Syntheses and Characterizations (2007)

Diagnostic contrast media for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are often applied to enhance the signal of blood allowing for quantitative definition of vascular functional characteristics including tissue blood volume, flow, and leakiness. Well-tolerated and safe macromolecular formulations are currently being sought that remain in the blood for a relatively long period and that leak selectively from diseased vessels, particularly cancer vessels. We synthesized a new class of macromolecular, water-soluble MRI contrast media by introducing two diverging polylysine cascade amplifiers at each end of a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) backbone, followed by substitution of terminal lysine amino groups with Gd-DTPA chelates. Four candidate PEG cascade conjugates are reported here, PEG3400-Gen4-(Gd-DTPA)8, PEG6000-Gen4-(Gd-DTPA)8, PEG12000-Gen4-(Gd-DTPA)8, and PEG3400-Gen5-(Gd-DTPA)13 with descriptions of their basic physical, biological, and kinetic properties, including real and effective molecular sizes, proton T1 relaxivities in water and plasma, partition coefficients, osmolalities, chelate stability, stability in plasma, stability to autoclaving, certain in vivo pharmacokinetics (blood half-life, blood clearance, volume of distribution), and whole body elimination profiles in normal rodents. These candidate PEG-core cascade MRI contrast media showed a range of effective molecular sizes similar to proteins weighing 74-132 kDa, although their actual molecular weights were much smaller, 12-20 kDa. All compounds exhibited a narrow range of size dispersity and relatively high T1 relaxivities (approximately 3 times the value for unconjugated Gd-DTPA at 2 T and 37 degrees C). Representative compounds also showed a high degree of hydrophilicity, stability in solution buffer and plasma, and lack of binding to proteins. The two candidate compounds with the largest effective molecular sizes, PEG12000-Gen4-(Gd-DTPA)8 and PEG3400-Gen5-(Gd-DTPA)13, had longer blood half-lives, 36 and 73 min, respectively (monoexponential kinetics for both), and showed strong, prolonged MRI enhancement of vessels. Results also indicate that in vivo pharmacokinetics and bodily elimination profiles can be adjusted by the selection of molecular size for the PEG core and the selection of the amplification degree of the cascade polylysine clusters. The initially evaluated compounds from this new class of contrast media show acceptable, desirable characteristics in many, but not all, respects. Further efforts are directed toward candidate macromolecules having higher thermodynamic stability, higher degree of substitution by gadolinium chelates, and more rapid bodily elimination.
XS-1: An integrated interactive system and its kernel (1982)

We present a case study of an eXperimental integrated interactive System, XS-1, being implemented on small computers. The primary goal of this project is to provide experimental support for design principles that have emerged from a critique of the behavior of today's interactive systems, and from our earlier implementations. These design principles apply at the user's level and at the system designer's level. The user must have a model of the system that allows him at all times to obtain information about his current data environment and his current command environment; he must be able to obtain such information by means of universal commands that are always active, regardless of the application program he is executing. These requirements at the user level have stringent implications at the system design level, such as: a common representation for data of all types, a file system that handles small and large sets of data in a uniform way, a front-end dialog processor shared by all application programs, and screen layout conventions.
Unintended Consequences of White Noise Therapy for Tinnitus—Otolaryngology's Cobra Effect (2018)

Noise exposure therapies offer a seductive short-term solution for relief but, in the long term, undermine the functional and structural integrity of the central auditory system and the brain more generally. Sound therapies using unstructured, random ("white") noise should be avoided as a treatment for tinnitus. Alternative therapeutics that drive positive, adaptive plastic changes are discussed.
Laser Ablation (2016)

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy’s Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.
Unlimited phase compensator for fiber-optic interferometric detection of slow temperature change (1984)

Measurement of slow temperature change by means of a Michelson-type fiber-optic interferometric sensor exploiting unlimited phase compensation is presented. A new simple phase demodulation system, based on a rotating half-wave retarder controlled by a feedback loop, permits real-time detection of a slowly induced phase change of any magnitude. A theoretical analysis of the demodulator is given, together with experimental data showing that a precision better than l/10 degrees C was achieved on a 1-h thermic cycle.
Fast and Linear Photonic Integrated Microwave Phase-Shifter for 5G Beam-Steering Applications (2018)

An integrated SOI photonic microwave phase-shifter employing optical deinterleaver and reverse-biased pn-junction waveguide for precise, continuous linear phase shift in excess of 360° with fast reconfiguration time below 1 ns for beam-steering applications is demonstrated.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Syntheses of Monofunctionalized Triaza‐Crowns and Cyclams with a Secondary Amine Group on a Side Chain. (1990)

Abstract The bis(chloroacetylamines) (I) undergo ring closure with N‐(acetyl)ethylenediamine (II) to give the triaza(di)oxamacrocycles (III).
Dependence of the switching characteristics of resistance random access memory on the type of transition metal oxide (2010)

In this paper, a systematic approach using HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> , ZrO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> and TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> with TiN or Ti/TiN electrode has been conducted to research the best material for ReRAM device integration. From the experimental results and proposed model, the proper electrical properties such as the stability of switching variation, low current and voltage operation, long endurance and retention characteristics are obtained with a TiN/Ti/HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /TiN structure.