gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Third-Order Nonlinear Optical Coefficients of Si and GaAs in the Near-Infrared Spectral Region (2018)

The third-order optical nonlinearities of Si and GaAs have been characterized throughout the near-infrared spectral region (1.1-2 μm) using multiple ultrafast spectroscopic techniques. These results have been independently confirmed at two different laboratories.
Notice of Removal: Low cost 3D Doppler ultrasound: Preliminary in vivo results (2017)

Removed.
Energy efficient MIMO processing: A case study of opportunistic run-time approximations (2014)

Worst-case design is one of the keys to practical engineering: create solutions that can withstand the most adverse possible conditions. Yet, the ever-growing need for higher energy efficiency suggest a grim outlook for worst-case design in the future. In this paper, we propose opportunistic runtime approximations to enable a continuous adaptation of the processing precision (operator type and bitwidth) to the actual execution context without modifying the algorithm functionality. We show that by relaxing the processing precision whenever possible, a VLSI implementation of an advanced wireless receiver algorithm based on opportunistic run-time approximations can save about 40% of the energy consumed by an optimized static implementation. These energy savings are achieved at the expense of a slight increase in overall chip area.
A Brief Review of Paint Weathering Research at Ford (2001)

A variety of spectroscopy and sample preparation techniques are described that allow chemical composition changes to be followed for isolated clearcoat samples, clearcoats in complete paint systems, and all coating layers in complete paint systems as a function of exposure. The analysis techniques provide photooxidation rate, ultraviolet light absorber effectiveness and longevity, and hindered amine light stabilizer effectiveness and longevity information that can be used to dramatically reduce the possibility of introducing inferior clearcoat/basecoat paint systems in service.
One out of five peripheral blood B lymphocytes is activated to high‐rate Ig production by human alloreactive T cell clones (1983)

Human alloreactive helper T cell clones were isolated from a secondary mixed lymphocyte reaction by limiting dilution in the presence of irradiated stimulator cells and T cell growth factor (interleukin 2). When cultured with B cells and macrophages possessing the relevant alloantigens, the T cell clones proliferated and induced a strong B cell activation with production of high immunoglobulin levels. Limiting dilution of the B cells from the peripheral blood showed that about one in 5-10 can be activated to produce IgG, one in 10 IgM, one in 20-40 IgA and one in 2000-5000 IgE. Following stimulation by the relevant alloantigen, the clones were able to help also B cells that lacked the alloantigen, indicating that a direct T-B cell interaction is not required. This method is particularly interesting because it is suitable for the clonal analysis of a B cell subset that is triggered in the absence of antigen by an unrestricted T cell help.
Voltage controlled SAW filters on 2DEG AlGaN/GaN heterostructures (2004)

SAW devices fabricated on AlGaN/GaN 2DEG heterostructures may be used as a voltage controlled filters regarding the insertion losses. The control is performed through external voltages applied to the interdigital transducers. These filters could be integrated into future MMIC circuits based on AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors.
Epitope-Dependent Selective Targeting of Thrombomodulin Monoclonal Antibodies to Either Surface or Intracellular Compartment of Endothelial Cells (1998)

Internalization of antibodies to thrombomodulin (TM) may provide a mechanism for intraendothelial targeting of drugs or genes. This study characterized three monoclonal antibodies against human TM (mAb 1009,1029, and 1045) and examined their internalization by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). It assessed binding of antibodies to recombinant human TM containing chondroitin sulfate (complete, cTM) and TM lacking chondroitin sulfate (incomplete, iTM). Direct RIA, indirect RIA, and ELISA and competitive ELISA show that (1) mAb 1009 binds to both cTM and iTM independently of divalent cations; (2) binding of mAb 1029 to iTM requires divalent cations, while binding to cTM is cation-independent; (3) mAb 1045 binds selectively to cTM independently of divalent cations. Binding of all three antibodies to the surface TM in HUVEC at 4 degrees C was similar by indirect immunostaining. In permeabilized HUVEC, however, mAb 1009 and 1029 provide brighter intracellular staining than mAb 1045. Uptake of (125)I-mAb 1009 by HUVEC at 37 degrees C was significantly higher than that of (125)I-mAb 1045. Low temperature markedly suppresses binding of (125)I-mAb 1009 to HUVEC, but has no effect on (125)I-mAb 1045 binding. About 80% of radiolabeled mAb 1045 bound to HUVEC at 37 degrees C could be eluted by acidic buffer from the cell surface, but only 40% of mAb 1009 and 1029 was elutable at these conditions. About 70-80 % of (125)I in cell lysates was TCA-soluble after HUVEC incubation with either mAb 1009 and 1029, but only 10 and 2.5% of (125)I was TCA-soluble in cell lysates and medium after 90 min incubation with (125)I-mAb 1045 at 37 degrees C. Therefore, HUVEC internalize and degrade an mAb that reacts with iTM, yet do not internalize an mAb that reacts selectively with cTM (mAb 1045). This result implies that either HUVEC do not internalize cTM constitutively or mAb 1045 suppresses TM internalization. Therefore, antibodies recognizing different TM epitopes might provide targeting of drugs to different cellular compartments.
Valorization of Cheese and Tofu Whey through Enzymatic Synthesis of Lactosucrose (2015)

This work deals with the development of a new bioprocess for the efficient synthesis of lactosucrose, a potential prebiotic oligosaccharide with a high value-added, from two important and inexpensive agro-industrial by-products such as tofu whey and cheese whey permeate. The bioconversion is driven by the ability of the enzyme levansucrase SacB from Bacillus subtilis CECT 39 to transfructosylate lactose contained in the cheese whey permeate by using not only sucrose but also raffinose and stachyose, which are present in considerable amounts in the tofu whey, as suitable donors of fructosyl moieties. The maximum lactosucrose concentration obtained from both by-products was 80.1 g L-1 after a short reaction time 120 min at 37°C, leading to productivity and specific productivity values of 40.1 g lactosucrose L-1 h-1 and 80.1 mg lactosucrose U enzyme-1 h-1, respectively. Findings contained in this work could provide a new strategy to valorize agro-industrial by-products as cheese whey permeate and, specially, tofu whey by means of their use as renewable resources in the enzymatic synthesis of bioactive oligosaccharides.
Biochemically Defined HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein Variant Immunogens Display Differential Binding and Neutralizing Specificities to the CD4-binding Site (2011)

HIV-1 gp120 binds the primary receptor CD4. Recently, a plethora of broadly neutralizing antibodies to the gp120 CD4-binding site (CD4bs) validated this region as a target for immunogen design. Here, we asked if modified HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins (Env) designed to increase CD4 recognition might improve recognition by CD4bs neutralizing antibodies and more efficiently elicit such reactivities. We also asked if CD4bs stabilization, coupled with altering the Env format (monomer to trimer or cross-clade), might better elicit neutralizing antibodies by focusing the immune response on the functionally conserved CD4bs. We produced monomeric and trimeric Envs stabilized by mutations within the gp120 CD4bs cavity (pocket-filling; PF2) or by appending heterologous trimerization motifs to soluble Env ectodomains (gp120/gp140). Recombinant glycoproteins were purified to relative homogeneity, and ligand binding properties were analyzed by ELISA, surface plasmon resonance, and isothermal titration microcalorimetry. In some formats, the PF2 substitutions increased CD4 affinity, and importantly, PF2-containing proteins were better recognized by the broadly neutralizing CD4bs mAbs, VRC01 and VRC-PG04. Based on this analysis, we immunized selected Env variants into rabbits using heterologous or homologous regimens. Analysis of the sera revealed that homologous inoculation of the PF2-containing, variable region-deleted YU2 gp120 trimers (ΔV123/PF2-GCN4) more rapidly elicited CD4bs-directed neutralizing antibodies compared with other regimens, whereas homologous trimers elicited increased neutralization potency, mapping predominantly to the gp120 third major variable region (V3). These results suggest that some engineered Env proteins may more efficiently direct responses toward the conserved CD4bs and be valuable to elicit antibodies of greater neutralizing capacity.
Use of a Novel Peptide Welding Technology Platform for the Development of B- and T-Cell Epitope-Based Vaccines (2021)

Peptide vaccines incorporating B- and T-cell epitopes have shown promise in the context of various cancers and infections. These vaccines are relatively simple to manufacture, but more immunogenic formulations are considered a priority. We developed tetrabranched derivatives for this purpose based on a novel peptide welding technology (PWT). PWTs provide molecular scaffolds for the efficient synthesis of ultrapure peptide dendrimers, which allow the delivery of multiple ligands within a single macromolecular structure. Peptide vaccines incorporating T-cell epitopes derived from melanoma and B-cell epitopes derived from human immunodeficiency virus, synthesized using this approach, elicited primary immune responses in vitro and in vivo. Subcutaneous administration of the B-cell epitope-based vaccines also elicited more potent humoral responses than subcutaneous administration of the corresponding peptides alone. Highly immunogenic peptide epitope-based vaccines can therefore be generated quickly and easily using a novel PWT.
Exchange Economies and Loss Exposure: Experiments Exploring Prospect Theory and Competitive Equilibria in Market Environments (1995)

Exchange economies were created in which individuals faced losses. If people are risk seeking in the losses, as predicted by prospect theory, then due to the nonconvexity, the competitive equilibria are all on the boundaries of the Edgeworth box. The experimental results are that risk-seeking behavior is observed in many people and appears in markets as predicted. In addition, market behavior is consistent with answers to hypothetical questionnaires. Contrary to prospect theory, risk seeking seems to diminish with experience: preferences in the market setting are not labile; and risk-seeking preferences are not simply a result of framing effects. Copyright 1997 by American Economic Association.(This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.)
High Color Rendering Can Enable Better Vision without Requiring More Power (2015)

For many people, the correct perception of the colors of objects is an important part of life, and today it is being threatened by misinformed policy-making and associated business decisions.Some conservationists and lamp manufacturers have concluded that the accurate color rendering provided by ordinary incandescent lamps is an unaffordable luxury that good citizens should forgo as we employ more energy-efficient alternatives. Though this is not as extreme as suggesting that we should live in cold darkness, it is in the same general direction of deprivation.Yet research has shown that color rendering is important to people and high-efficiency lamps can now also provide high color rendering, so there is no longer any need to have lighting that distorts color appearance. This article focuses on the tradeoff between color rendering accuracy and lamp efficiency to show that high color rendering accuracy is appropriate and, contrary to a common misconception, does not intrinsically require greater electrical energy consumption.
Virtual reference feedback tuning (VRFT): a new direct approach to the design of feedback controllers (2002)

We discuss a new method for the data-based design of feedback controllers in a linear setting. The main features of the method are that it is a direct method (no model identification of the plant is needed) and that it can be applied using a single set of data generated by the plant, needing no specific experiments nor iterations. It is shown that the method searches for the global optimum of the design criterion and that, in the significant case of restricted complexity controller design, the achieved controller is a sensible approximation (under some reasonable hypotheses) of the restricted complexity global optimal controller. As an extra contribution it is also presented a controller validation test aiming at ascertain the closed-loop stability before the designed controller is applied to the plant. A numerical example is given.
Rat donor lung quality deteriorates more after fast than slow brain death induction (2020)

Donor brain death (BD) is initiated by an increase in intracranial pressure (ICP), which subsequently damages the donor lung. In this study, we investigated whether the speed of ICP increase affects quality of donor lungs, in a rat model for fast versus slow BD induction. Rats were assigned to 3 groups: 1) control, 2) fast BD induction (ICP increase over 1 min) or 3) slow BD induction (ICP increase over 30 min). BD was induced by epidural inflation of a balloon catheter. Brain-dead rats were sacrificed after 0.5 hours, 1 hour, 2 hours and 4 hours to study time-dependent changes. Hemodynamic stability, histological lung injury and inflammatory status were investigated. We found that fast BD induction compromised hemodynamic stability of rats more than slow BD induction, reflected by higher mean arterial pressures during the BD induction period and an increased need for hemodynamic support during the BD stabilization phase. Furthermore, fast BD induction increased histological lung injury scores and gene expression levels of TNF-α and MCP-1 at 0.5 hours after induction. Yet after donor stabilization, inflammatory status was comparable between the two BD models. This study demonstrates fast BD induction deteriorates quality of donor lungs more on a histological level than slow BD induction.
Catalytic Activity of Cationic and Neutral Silver(I)–XPhos Complexes with Nitrogen Ligands or Tolylsulfonate for Mannich and Aza‐Diels–Alder Coupling Reactions (2015)

Cationic and neutral silver(I)-L complexes (L=Buchwald-type biaryl phosphanes) with nitrogen co-ligands or organosulfonate counter ions have been synthesised and characterised through their structural and spectroscopic properties. At room temperature, both cationic and neutral silver(I)-L complexes are extremely active catalysts in the promotion of the single and double A(3) coupling of terminal (di)alkynes, pyrrolidine and formaldehyde. In addition, the aza-Diels-Alder two- and three-component coupling reactions of Danishefsky's diene with an imine or amine and aldehyde are efficiently catalysed by these cationic or neutral silver(I)-L complexes. The solvent influences the catalytic performance due to limited complex solubility or solvent decomposition and reactivity. The isolation of new silver(I)-L complexes with reagents as ligands lends support to mechanistic proposals for such catalytic processes. The activity, stability and metal-distal arene interaction of these silver(I)-L catalysts have been compared with those of analogous cationic gold(I) and copper(I) complexes.
Anisotropic Full Waveform Inversion of Walkaway VSP data from the Arabian Gulf (2013)

Full waveform inversion (FWI) is a powerful technology for the estimation of subsurface elastic parameters. Recently, an elastic FWI method was applied to a Walkaway VSP dataset that was extracted from a larger 3D VSP survey located in the Arabia Gulf, offshore Saudi Arabia. This work is part of a larger feasibility study to detect and map very thin sand stringers located in a sand-shale geologic environment where the P impedance contrasts are low. The ultimate objective of this study is to derive high resolution P, PS and Vp/Vs images from the larger 3D VSP survey for the placement of horizontal wells. This paper presents interim results from this feasibility study using only frequencies up to 40 Hz for the FWI. We will discuss the results of using a vertically transverse isotropic (VTI) anisotropic elastic model of the Earth that reproduces the data fairly well, and is geologically consistent when compared to other independent measurements, such as sonic logs.
Yellow light (576 nm) lasing emission of GaInP/AlInP multiple quantum well lasers prepared by gas-source-molecular-beam-epitaxy (1990)

GaInP/AllnP MQW short-wavelength lasers with AlInP cladding layers were fabricated using a gas source molecular beam epitaxy (GSMBE) for the first time. The film thickness of the GalnP wells and AllnP barriers were 3 and 2 nm, respectively. A yellow light lasing emission (576 nm) at 109 K was demonstrated by the MQW structure.
Beyond vision loss: the independent impact of diabetic retinopathy on vision-related quality of life in a Chinese Singaporean population (2018)

We documented that DR, particularly VTDR, was independently associated with restrictions in Reading and Emotional well-being. Understanding factors underlying the detrimental DR-VRQoL relationship may optimise rehabilitation outcomes for individuals with DR.
High‐speed visualization of ingested, ejected, adherent, and disintegrated thrombus in contemporary ventricular assist devices (2020)

Biocompatibility of ventricular assist devices (VADs) has been steadily improving, yet the rate of neurological events remains unacceptably high. Recent speculation for elevated stroke rates centers on ingestion of thrombi originating upstream of the pump, such as in the ventricle or left atrial appendage. These thrombi may be ejected by the VAD or become deposited within the blood flow pathway, presenting serious complications to the patient. This study was performed to visualize and quantify the degree of disruption, adherence, and disintegration of thrombi that are ingested by the three most implanted VADs: the HeartMate II, HeartMate 3, and HVAD. Clot analogs of varying microstructure compositions (red, white) and sizes (0.5, 1, 2 cm<sup>3</sup> ) were synthesized in vitro based on clinical explant data. These were introduced individually into an in vitro flow loop with a transparent replica of the HMII, HM3, and HVAD operated at nominal steady flow (2.3-4.0 L/min). High-speed videography (up to 10 000 fps) revealed the ingestion, disruption, ejection, and adherence of thrombus fragments. Thromboemboli of varying compositions and sizes were observed mechanically attaching to components in all 3 VAD models. In some instances, ingested thrombi physically obstructed portions of the blood flow path; 18% (3 of 17 total) of red thrombi adhered to the inflow straightener of the transparent HMII. In the HVAD model, fewer than 4% of clots were adherent or trapped within the pump, irrespective of microstructure or initial volume. In comparison, 100% (4 of 4 total) of 1-cm<sup>3</sup> white (fibrin) clots became lodged within the transparent HM3 while, in contrast, less than 5% of macerated red clots (3 of 63 total) of the same volume were adherent inside the pump. A significant proportion of ingested thrombi were macerated into infinitesimal fragments; 84% and 74% of 2-cm<sup>3</sup> red thrombi in the HVAD and HM3 models, respectively, were found to have disintegrated upon ingestion. However, large emboli were also discharged from both centrifugal VADs; these fragments, ranging from 0.01 to 0.29 cm<sup>3</sup> regardless of microstructure and original volume, may be capable of occluding an intracranial vessel. Therefore, ingested thrombus may explain, in part, elevated stroke rates in contemporary blood pumps in the absence of adherent pump thrombosis.
Factors Associated With 30-Day Readmission Rates After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (2011)

Nearly 1 in 10 patients undergoing PCI were readmitted within 30 days. Thirty-day readmission after PCI was associated with a higher risk of 1-year mortality.
Equilibrium‐State Density Profiles of Centrifuged Cakes (1994)

We have examined the equilibrium‐state density profiles of centrifuged cakes both theoretically and experimentally. The theoretical density profiles were obtained by implementing the experimental pressure‐density relationship into the general differential equation for centrifugation with appropriate boundary conditions. With a power‐law pressure‐density relationship, P =βφ n , we show that where φ max is the density at the bottom of the cake, z the distance measured from the bottom of the cake, and z m the distance at which the cake density vanishes. Experimentally, the density profiles were examined with γ‐ray densitometry. The predicted density profiles are in good agreement with the experimental ones. We also show that the form applies to sedimentation cakes as well, provided the pressure‐density relationship of sedimentation cakes is also a power‐law one.
Measurement of EUV lithography pupil amplitude and phase variation via image-based methodology (2016)

An approach to image-based EUV aberration metrology using binary mask targets and iterative model-based solutions to extract both the amplitude and phase components of the aberrated pupil function is presented. The approach is enabled through previously developed modeling, fitting, and extraction algorithms. We seek to examine the behavior of pupil amplitude variation in real-optical systems. Optimized target images were captured under several conditions to fit the resulting pupil responses. Both the amplitude and phase components of the pupil function were extracted from a zone-plate-based EUV mask microscope. The pupil amplitude variation was expanded in three different bases: Zernike polynomials, Legendre polynomials, and Hermite polynomials. It was found that the Zernike polynomials describe pupil amplitude variation most effectively of the three.
Oxygen mediated gene regulation (2002)

SUMMARY: Studies of hypoxia‐inducible cis‐acting sequences from the erythropoietin gene have led to the recognition of a widespread transcriptional response to hypoxia based on the activation of a DNA‐binding complex, hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1 (HIF). Genes with functions in cellular energy metabolism, iron metabolism, catecholamine metabolism, vasomotor control and angiogenesis have subsequently been shown to be responsive to HIF, indicating a role in the coordination of oxygen supply and cellular metabolism. Hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1 is a heterodimer of two basic helix‐loop‐helix proteins of the PAS family, HIF‐1 alpha and HIF‐1 beta, although different isoforms of each subunit are now known to exist. When oxygen tension is lowered, HIF‐alpha subunits dimerize with HIF‐beta and activate gene transcription. Hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1‐mediated gene transcription is regulated predominantly by oxygen‐dependent destruction of HIF‐alpha via the ubiquitin‐proteasome pathway. This destruction is mediated by a ubiquitin E3 ligase complex, in which the von Hippel‐Lindau (VHL) protein (pVHL) recognizes and binds oxygen‐dependent destruction domain(s) in HIF‐alpha subunits. In VHL disease, the destruction of HIF‐alpha is blocked, at least partly explaining the phenotype. the recognition of HIF‐alpha by pVHL in normoxia has recently been shown to be conditional on enzymatic post‐translational hydroxylation of critical prolyl residues. It is hoped that a detailed understanding of these gene regulatory mechanisms may lead to therapeutically useful interventions in the future, for example by up‐regulating HIF activity in ischaemic disease or down‐regulating it in cancer.