gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Li iontronics in single-crystalline T-Nb2O5 thin films with vertical ionic transport channels (2022)

The niobium oxide polymorph T-Nb2O5 has been extensively investigated in its bulk form especially for applications in fast-charging batteries and electrochemical (pseudo)capacitors. Its crystal structure that has two-dimensional (2D) layers with very low steric hindrance allows for fast Li-ion migration. However, since its discovery in 1941, the growth of single-crystalline thin films and its electronic applications have not yet been realized, likely due to its large orthorhombic unit cell along with the existence of many polymorphs. Here we demonstrate the epitaxial growth of single-crystalline T-Nb2O5 thin films, critically with the ionic transport channels oriented perpendicular to the film's surface. These vertical 2D channels enable fast Li-ion migration which we show gives rise to a colossal insulator-metal transition where the resistivity drops by eleven orders of magnitude due to the population of the initially empty Nb 4d0 states by electrons. Moreover, we reveal multiple unexplored phase transitions with distinct crystal and electronic structures over a wide range of Li-ion concentrations by comprehensive in situ experiments and theoretical calculations, that allow for the reversible and repeatable manipulation of these phases and their distinct electronic properties. This work paves the way to the exploration of novel thin films with ionic channels and their potential applications.
Electrical characteristics of metal silicide field emitters (2002)

To improve silicon field emitter, Ti and Co silicides were formed on silicon tips. Silicides were produced by deposition of metal (Ti and Co) and subsequent annealing. I-V characteristics of as-grown silicon tips and silicide emitters were investigated. Turn-on voltage and emission current of silicon tips were 220 V and 10/sup -8/ A, respectively. Ti and Co silicide lowered turn-on voltage significantly. The emission current of Ti and Co silicide emitters were 140 V and 180 V, respectively. Both silicides increased emission current to order of 10/sup -7/ A. Ti and Co silicide emitters have enhanced field emission of silicon tips due to large emitting area and lower work function, respectively.
Genomic microarray analysis identifies candidate loci in patients with corpus callosum anomalies (2005)

Absence of the corpus callosum is often associated with cognitive deficits, autism, and epilepsy. Using a genomic microarray, the authors analyzed DNA from 25 patients with radiographically confirmed callosal anomalies and identified three patients with de novo copy number changes in chromosome regions 2q37, 6qter, and 8p. Chromosomal deletions and duplications may be a relatively common cause of cerebral malformations.
Waveguide electro-optic modulators based on self-assembled material systems (2005)

Fabrication and characterization of electro-optic modulators based on the novel organic electro-optic materials composed of self-assembled superlattices (SAS) were presented, both wet-dipping self-assembly and vapor phase deposition approaches were discussed. Prototype waveguide electro-optic modulators were fabricated using SAS films integrated with low-loss polymeric materials functioning as partial guiding and cladding layers.Promising electro-optic thin film materials including DTPT and PEPCOOH grown from the vapor phase were used for fabrication and test of electro-optic prototype modulators. Finally,the EO coefficient of tens of pm/V was obtained,which can sufficiently support high-speed and small size EO modulators.
Inhibition of Tubulogenesis and of Carcinogen‐mediated Signaling in Brain Endothelial Cells Highlight the Antiangiogenic Properties of a Mumbaistatin Analog (2010)

A better understanding of the metabolic adaptations of the vascular endothelial cells (EC) that mediate tumor vascularization would help the development of new drugs and therapies. Novel roles in cell survival and metabolic adaptation to hypoxia have been ascribed to the microsomal glucose-6-phosphate translocase (G6PT). While antitumorigenic properties of G6PT inhibitors such as chlorogenic acid (CHL) have been documented, those of the G6PT inhibitor and semi-synthetic analog AD4-015 of the polyketide mumbaistatin are not understood. In the present study, we evaluated the in vitro antiangiogenic impact of AD4-015 on human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC), which play an essential role as structural and functional components in tumor angiogenesis. We found that in vitro HBMEC migration and tubulogenesis were reduced by AD4-015 but not by CHL. The mumbaistatin analog significantly inhibited the phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced matrix-metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 secretion and gene expression as assessed by zymography and RT-PCR. PMA-mediated cell signaling leading to cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression and IkappaB downregulation was also inhibited, further confirming AD4-015 as a cell signaling inhibitor in tumor promoting conditions. G6PT functions may therefore account for the metabolic flexibility that enables EC-mediated neovascularization. This process could be specifically targeted within the vasculature of developing brain tumors by G6PT inhibitors.
Metallurgical Design and Development of High-Grade Line Pipe (2012)

The application of high-strength line pipes has enabled pipelines to operate at high pressure, generating cost savings for both gas transportation and construction. In general, high-strength line pipes require crack initiation resistance and crack arrestability at low temperatures, as well as field weldability. High strength and deformability for strain-based design and excellent sour resistance are also required. Moreover, composite properties are often required for high-strength line pipes. This paper describes our progress in this field with regard to metallurgical design and development. Metallurgical design aimed at achieving a good balance between strength, low temperature toughness and deformability for strain-based design is also described from the perspectives of grain refinement, microstructure and chemical composition. Metallurgical design focused on a good balance between strength and sour resistance in limited low chemical composition is described from the perspectives of microstructure and control to chemical composition and center segregation. These efforts have led to the development of high-strength heavy wall line pipes of API X60 to X100 grades offering excellent low temperature toughness and high deformability for stain-based design, while API grades X65 to X70 with good sour resistance have also been developed.
A 2.5-Gb/s Multi-Rate 0.25-$\mu$m CMOS Clock and Data Recovery Circuit Utilizing a Hybrid Analog/Digital Loop Filter and All-Digital Referenceless Frequency Acquisition (2006)

A 0.25-mum CMOS, multi-rate clock and data recovery (CDR) circuit that leverages unique analog/digital boundaries in its phase detector and loop filter to achieve a fully integrated CDR implementation with excellent performance, compact area, and low power dissipation is presented. Key circuit blocks include a phase-to-digital converter that combines a Hogge detector with a continuous-time first-order Sigma-Delta analog-to-digital converter, and a hybrid loop filter that contains an analog feedforward path and digital integrating path. In addition, an all-digital frequency acquisition method that does not require a reference frequency, quadrature phases from the VCO, or a significant amount of high-speed logic is presented. A nice byproduct of the frequency acquisition circuitry is that it also provides an estimate of the bit error rate (BER) experienced by the CDR. The CDR exceeds all SONET performance requirements at 155-, 622-, and 2500-Mb/s as well as Gigabit Ethernet specifications at 1.25 Gb/s. The chip operates with either a 2.5- or 3.3-V supply, consumes a maximum of 197 mA across all data rates, and fits in a 5times5 mm package
Engineered Fragments of the PSMA-Specific 5D3 Antibody and Their Functional Characterization (2020)

Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) is an established biomarker for the imaging and experimental therapy of prostate cancer (PCa), as it is strongly upregulated in high-grade primary, androgen-independent, and metastatic lesions. Here, we report on the development and functional characterization of recombinant single-chain Fv (scFv) and Fab fragments derived from the 5D3 PSMA-specific monoclonal antibody (mAb). These fragments were engineered, heterologously expressed in insect S2 cells, and purified to homogeneity with yields up to 20 mg/L. In vitro assays including ELISA, immunofluorescence and flow cytometry, revealed that the fragments retain the nanomolar affinity and single target specificity of the parent 5D3 antibody. Importantly, using a murine xenograft model of PCa, we verified the suitability of fluorescently labeled fragments for in vivo imaging of PSMA-positive tumors and compared their pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution to the parent mAb. Collectively, our data provide an experimental basis for the further development of 5D3 recombinant fragments for future clinical use.
ISOMERIZATION AND DEHYDROGENATION OF CYCLOHEXENE OVER TaS2AND TRANSITION METAL INTERCALATED TaS2 (1978)

Abstract Over TaS2 and M1⁄3TaS2 (M = Ni, Fe, and Co), cyclohexene undergoes dehydrogenation to benzene and isomerization to 1-methylcyclopentene selectively in nitrogen and hydrogen atmosphere, respectively. Considerable promoting effects on catalytic activity are exerted by the intercalation of Ni and Fe. Moreover, metal intercalation has an effect to prolong a catalyst life.
A dynamic expression survey identifies transcription factors relevant in mouse digestive tract development (2006)

Tissue-restricted transcription factors (TFs), which confer specialized cellular properties, are usually identified through sequence homology or cis-element analysis of lineage-specific genes; conventional modes of mRNA profiling often fail to report non-abundant TF transcripts. We evaluated the dynamic expression during mouse gut organogenesis of 1381 transcripts,covering nearly every known and predicted TF, and documented the expression of approximately 1000 TF genes in gastrointestinal development. Despite distinctive structures and functions, the stomach and intestine exhibit limited differences in TF genes. Among differentially expressed transcripts, a few are virtually restricted to the digestive tract, including Nr2e3,previously regarded as a photoreceptor-specific product. TFs that are enriched in digestive organs commonly serve essential tissue-specific functions, hence justifying a search for other tissue-restricted TFs. Computational data mining and experimental investigation focused interest on a novel homeobox TF, Isx,which appears selectively in gut epithelium and mirrors expression of the intestinal TF Cdx2. Isx-deficient mice carry a specific defect in intestinal gene expression: dysregulation of the high density lipoprotein (HDL) receptor and cholesterol transporter scavenger receptor class B, type I (Scarb1). Thus,integration of developmental gene expression with biological assessment, as described here for TFs, represents a powerful tool to investigate control of tissue differentiation.
Design of digital audio input output chip (1989)

The design of a digital audio input output (DAIO) chip that interfaces a standard 16/32-bit microprocessor bus with audio devices based on the AES protocol is described. This novel design provides general-purpose microprocessor systems with the ability to communicate with compact-disk and digital-audio-tape players. The chip is designed, using high-level and logic synthesis tools, from a function description in a hardware description language
IFN-γ-Inducing Factor (IL-18) Increases Allergic Sensitization, Serum IgE, Th2 Cytokines, and Airway Eosinophilia in a Mouse Model of Allergic Asthma (2000)

We investigated the effects of IFN-gamma-inducing factor (IL-18) in a ragweed (RW) mouse model of allergic asthma. Administration of IL-18 in conjunction with allergic sensitization and challenge in wild-type, but not IFN-gamma -/- mice, inhibited the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) eosinophilia induced by RW challenge, and increased serum levels of RW-specific IgG2a and production of IFN-gamma from splenocytes cultured with RW, indicating a critical role for IFN-gamma in mediating these effects. Paradoxically, the same treatment schedule in WT mice increased serum levels of RW-specific IgE and IgG1, and production of IL-4 and IL-5 from splenocytes cultured with RW. When the effects of the same IL-18 treatment schedule were allowed to mature for 3 wk, the inhibition of lung eosinophil recruitment was replaced by augmentation of lung eosinophil recruitment. In another experiment, IL-18 administered only with allergic sensitization increased BAL eosinophilia and lung expression of IL-5 and IFN-gamma, while IL-18 administered only with RW challenge decreased BAL eosinophilia and increased lung IFN-gamma expression, while lung expression of IL-5 remained unchanged. IL-18 administered without RW or adjuvant to naive mice increased total serum IgE levels. Finally, intrapulmonary administrations of IL-18 plus RW in naive mice dramatically increased Th2 cytokine production, IgE levels, eosinophil recruitment, and airway mucus, demonstrating induction of allergic sensitization. This is the first report demonstrating that IL-18 promotes a Th2 phenotype in vivo, and potently induces allergic sensitization. These results suggest that IL-18 may contribute to the pathogenesis of allergic asthma.
Computing with Spikes: The Advantage of Fine-Grained Timing (2018)

Neural-inspired spike-based computing machines often claim to achieve considerable advantages in terms of energy and time efficiency by using spikes for computation and communication. However, fundamental questions about spike-based computation remain unanswered. For instance, how much advantage do spike-based approaches have over conventional methods, and under what circumstances does spike-based computing provide a comparative advantage? Simply implementing existing algorithms using spikes as the medium of computation and communication is not guaranteed to yield an advantage. Here, we demonstrate that spike-based communication and computation within algorithms can increase throughput, and they can decrease energy cost in some cases. We present several spiking algorithms, including sorting a set of numbers in ascending/descending order, as well as finding the maximum or minimum or median of a set of numbers. We also provide an example application: a spiking median-filtering approach for image processing providing a low-energy, parallel implementation. The algorithms and analyses presented here demonstrate that spiking algorithms can provide performance advantages and offer efficient computation of fundamental operations useful in more complex algorithms.
Wie wichtig sind Diuretika bei VLBW-Frühgeborenen? (2007)

Fragestellung: Untersucht wurde die Frage ob, die Gabe von Diuretika (Furosemid, Hydrochlorothiazid, Spironolakton) bei Frühgeborenen unter 1500g das Outcome verändert. Als Entpunkte wurden die Entwicklung einer BPD, der O2 Bedarf bei Entlassung, die Tage mit Sauerstoffbedarf oder die Sterberate gesetzt.
Chapter 14. Clinical Research with Advanced Diffusion Encoding Methods in MRI (2020)

This chapter offers a comprehensive summary of applications of advanced diffusion encoding methods in MRI within a narrowly defined area of in vivo human measurements with imaging read-out and voxel-by-voxel data analysis. The list of methods comprises tensor-valued encoding to investigate cell densities, shapes, and orientations in heterogeneous tissues, time/frequency-dependent encoding for estimating structural length scales, adjustable velocity-encoding to monitor flow in the microcapillary network, double encoding with varying mixing times to assess diffusional exchange between distinct tissue microenvironments and across cell membranes, and relaxation-diffusion correlation to resolve and separately characterize tissue microenvironments in terms of their local chemical composition and microstructure. The shown examples include proof-of-concept measurements on healthy volunteers, pilot investigations of pathologies, and clinical research involving 10-100 subjects. Studied organs include brain, breast, prostate, liver, kidney, placenta, muscle, and peripheral nerve, with examples of pathologies from tumors, schizophrenia, multiple sclerosis, stroke, neurocysticercosis, pre-eclampsia, and chronic exertional compartment syndrome.
Transcending Triples (2013)

Semantic modeling to date has been largely an exercise in considering the whole world as triples (or at least, n-way tuples). Efforts to bridge the XML gap such as XSPARQL have focused on low-hanging syntactic fruit, and have not had much effect on deeper layers of the architecture. In semantic modeling, common situations that are supposedly bread-and-butter for RDF, for example tracking provenance or recording facts known to a certain probability, give rise to complexity such as the much reviled RDF reification, or statements about statements. Even the W3C RDF Primer doesn't seem altogether comfortable with it: While there are applications that successfully use reification, they do so by following some conventions, and making some assumptions, that are in addition to the actual meaning that RDF defines for the reification vocabulary, and the actual facilities that RDF provides to support it. In a similar vein, inference is commonly viewed in the semantic world as something that produces (only) triples from (only) triples. A broader view of inference encompassing XML documents and values as inputs and outputs can make many common use cases far more straightforward. This paper discusses a (hypothetical?) world where triples and documents get along better with each other, and speculates about what future products fusing these technologies might look like.
Man-Specific Lectins from Plants, Fungi, Algae and Cyanobacteria, as Potential Blockers for SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Coronaviruses: Biomedical Perspectives (2021)

Betacoronaviruses, responsible for the "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome" (SARS) and the "Middle East Respiratory Syndrome" (MERS), use the spikes protruding from the virion envelope to attach and subsequently infect the host cells. The coronavirus spike (S) proteins contain receptor binding domains (RBD), allowing the specific recognition of either the dipeptidyl peptidase CD23 (MERS-CoV) or the angiotensin-converting enzyme ACE2 (SARS-Cov, SARS-CoV-2) host cell receptors. The heavily glycosylated S protein includes both complex and high-mannose type <i>N</i>-glycans that are well exposed at the surface of the spikes. A detailed analysis of the carbohydrate-binding specificity of mannose-binding lectins from plants, algae, fungi, and bacteria, revealed that, depending on their origin, they preferentially recognize either complex type <i>N</i>-glycans, or high-mannose type <i>N</i>-glycans. Since both complex and high-mannose glycans substantially decorate the S proteins, mannose-specific lectins are potentially useful glycan probes for targeting the SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 virions. Mannose-binding legume lectins, like pea lectin, and monocot mannose-binding lectins, like snowdrop lectin or the algal lectin griffithsin, which specifically recognize complex <i>N</i>-glycans and high-mannose glycans, respectively, are particularly adapted for targeting coronaviruses. The biomedical prospects of targeting coronaviruses with mannose-specific lectins are wide-ranging including detection, immobilization, prevention, and control of coronavirus infection.
On the Impact of Realistic Control Channel Constraints on QoS Provisioning in UTRAN LTE (2009)

This paper focuses on the Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) and describes the impact of its realistic constraints. Specifically, the impact on the performance of the UTRAN LTE FDD downlink and on the QoS provisioning is studied. It is described, when adopting a QoS-aware packet scheduling policy, how scheduling limitations due to control channel may affect the scheduler behavior. It is shown that the system level performance degradation could be kept negligible utilizing the dynamic link-adaptation mechanisms available on the control channel and adopting careful control channel-related design solutions. Therefore, assuming a proper dimensioning in terms of OFDM symbols reserved for control, the PDCCH could simply be modeled for LTE FDD system level simulation purposes by limiting the number of PDCCH allocations. Such a number primarily depends on the system bandwidth.
How to tackle genetic loci predisposing to atherosclerosis? (1997)

To identify major genes influencing the complex disease process of atherosclerosis, the strategy for collection of study materials should be designed with care to enrich the genetic factors. The tools for an efficient gene search are provided by the Human Genome Program; current genetic maps with dense marker sets provide a basis for genome-wide scans, and close to complete physical maps and identification of coding regions of all human genes within next few years offer the scaffolding for the final recognition of genes predisposing to atherosclerosis. The statistical methods applicable in the initial gene search of complex diseases have developed during recent years including now exact modifications of association analysis, also advanced multipoint analyses applicable in both parametric (linkage analysis) and nonparametric (affected sib-pair) methods and maximizing the information extractable from individual genotypes. Genome scans in the relevant animal models will often guide to important genomic regions, and genetically modified animals will be of essential importance for final understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.