gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Demonstration of long minority carrier lifetimes in very narrow bandgap ternary InAs/GaInSb superlattices (2015)

Minority carrier lifetimes in very long wavelength infrared (VLWIR) InAs/GaInSb superlattices (SLs) are reported using time-resolved microwave reflectance measurements. A strain-balanced ternary SL absorber layer of 47.0 Å InAs/21.5 Å Ga0.75In0.25Sb, corresponding to a bandgap of ∼50 meV, is found to have a minority carrier lifetime of 140 ± 20 ns at ∼18 K. This lifetime is extraordinarily long, when compared to lifetime values previously reported for other VLWIR SL detector materials. This enhancement is attributed to the strain-engineered ternary design, which offers a variety of epitaxial advantages and ultimately leads to a reduction of defect-mediated recombination centers.
Identification of high transverse momentum top quarks in pp collisions at s = 8 $$ \sqrt{s}=8 $$ TeV with the ATLAS detector (2016)

This paper presents studies of the performance of several jet-substructure techniques, which are used to identify hadronically decaying top quarks with high transverse momentum contained in large-radius jets. The efficiency of identifying top quarks is measured using a sample of top-quark pairs and the rate of wrongly identifying jets from other quarks or gluons as top quarks is measured using multijet events collected with the ATLAS experiment in 20.3 fb$^{−1}$ of 8 TeV proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider. Predictions from Monte Carlo simulations are found to provide an accurate description of the performance. The techniques are compared in terms of signal efficiency and background rejection using simulations, covering a larger range in jet transverse momenta than accessible in the dataset. Additionally, a novel technique is developed that is optimized to reconstruct top quarks in events with many jets.
MR-guided transcranial brain HIFU in small animal models (2009)

Recent studies have demonstrated the feasibility of transcranial high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) therapy in the brain using adaptive focusing techniques. However, the complexity of the procedures imposes provision of accurate targeting, monitoring and control of this emerging therapeutic modality in order to ensure the safety of the treatment and avoid potential damaging effects of ultrasound on healthy tissues. For these purposes, a complete workflow and setup for HIFU treatment under magnetic resonance (MR) guidance is proposed and implemented in rats. For the first time, tissue displacements induced by the acoustic radiation force are detected in vivo in brain tissues and measured quantitatively using motion-sensitive MR sequences. Such a valuable target control prior to treatment assesses the quality of the focusing pattern in situ and enables us to estimate the acoustic intensity at focus. This MR-acoustic radiation force imaging is then correlated with conventional MR-thermometry sequences which are used to follow the temperature changes during the HIFU therapeutic session. Last, pre- and post-treatment magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) datasets are acquired and evaluated as a new potential way to non-invasively control the stiffness changes due to the presence of thermal necrosis. As a proof of concept, MR-guided HIFU is performed in vitro in turkey breast samples and in vivo in transcranial rat brain experiments. The experiments are conducted using a dedicated MR-compatible HIFU setup in a high-field MRI scanner (7 T). Results obtained on rats confirmed that both the MR localization of the US focal point and the pre- and post-HIFU measurement of the tissue stiffness, together with temperature control during HIFU are feasible and valuable techniques for efficient monitoring of HIFU in the brain. Brain elasticity appears to be more sensitive to the presence of oedema than to tissue necrosis.
The effects of frequency-dependent attenuation and dispersion on sound speed measurements: applications in human trabecular bone (2000)

Sound speed may be measured by comparing the transit time of a broadband ultrasonic pulse transmitted through an object with that transmitted through a reference water path. If the speed of sound in water and the thickness of the sample are known, the speed of sound in the object may be computed. To measure the transit time differential, a marker such as a zero-crossing, may be used. A sound speed difference between the object and water shifts all markers backward or forward. Frequency-dependent attenuation and dispersion may alter the spectral characteristics of the waveform, thereby distorting the locations of markers and introducing variations in sound-speed estimates. Theory is derived to correct for this distortion for Gaussian pulses propagating through linearly attenuating, weakly dispersive media. The theory is validated using numerical analysis, measurements on a tissue mimicking phantom, and on 24 human calcaneus samples in vitro. Variations in soft tissue-like media are generally not exceptionally large for most applications but can be substantial, particularly for high bandwidth pulses propagating through media with high attenuation coefficients. At 500 kHz, variations in velocity estimates in bone can be very substantial, on the order of 40 to 50 m/s because of the high attenuation coefficient of bone. In trabecular bone, the effects of frequency-dependent attenuation are considerable, and the effects of dispersion are negligible.
Delayed Gastric Emptying Associates With Diabetic Complications in Diabetic Patients With Symptoms of Gastroparesis (2019)

In diabetic patients with symptoms of Gp, delayed GE was associated with the presence of retinopathy and the total number of diabetic complications. Only 10% of patients with T1DM and 3% of those with T2DM had triopathy of complications, and 39% of diabetic patients with Gp did not have any diabetic complications. Thus, the presence of diabetic complications should raise awareness for Gp in either T1DM or T2DM; however, diabetic Gp frequently occurs without other diabetic complications.
Ozonolysis of cyclic vinyl ethers. Formation of anomalous alkoxy ozonides (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOzonolysis of cyclic vinyl ethers. Formation of anomalous alkoxy ozonidesWilliam H. Bunnelle, Leslie Ann Meyer, and Elmer O. SchlemperCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 19, 7612–7613Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00201a051https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00201a051research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views155Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Unsupervised Feature Learning With Graph Embedding for View-Based 3D Model Retrieval (2019)

3D model retrieval is becoming a hot research topic due to its wide applications such as computer-aided design, digital entertainment, and virtual reality. For this challenging task, feature learning and similarity measure are two critical problems. However, existing approaches usually learn discriminative visual features and develop a complex graph matching strategy to measure the similarity independently. In this paper, we propose an unsupervised method which can embed similarity measure into the feature space. The proposed method utilizes both similarity and dissimilarity information to better leverage the unsupervised problem and estimates the labels which are further used for metric learning. With the learned metric, we project the original features to more discriminative feature space and efficiently measure the similarity among models under the new feature space. We conduct extensive evaluations of three popular and challenging datasets. The experimental results demonstrate the superiority and effectiveness of the proposed method, competing against the state of the arts.
Biochemie und Molekulargenetik 1397 (1998)

Abstract Die Proteinfaltung läuft über Faltungsintermediate ab, deren Rolle rätselhaft bleibt. In der RNA‐Strukturaufklärung ist man ein gutes Stück vorangekommen, ebenso in der Ribozymtechnik. Die Funktionen von einigen Proteinkinasen bei der intrazellulären Signalübertragung und weitere molekulare Grundlagen von Sinnesrezeptoren werden vorgestellt. Ein aktueller Überblick zum Stand der Genomforschung vervollständigt die diesjährige Themenauswahl.
Pigs in sequence space: A 0.66X coverage pig genome survey based on shotgun sequencing (2005)

The addition of the pig to the set of species sequenced at low coverage adds to the understanding of selective pressures that have acted on the human genome by bisecting the evolutionary branch between human and mouse with the mouse branch being approximately 3 times as long as the human branch. Additionally, the joint alignment of the shot-gun sequences to the human-mouse alignment offers the investigator a rapid way to defining specific regions for analysis and resequencing.
Specific Inhibition of the Synthesis of Human Lysyl-tRNA Synthetase Results in Decreases in tRNA Lys Incorporation, tRNA 3 Lys Annealing to Viral RNA, and Viral Infectivity in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (2003)

The major human tRNA(Lys) isoacceptors, and, are selectively packaged into human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) during assembly, where acts as a primer for reverse transcription. Lysyl-tRNA synthetase (LysRS) is also incorporated into HIV-1, independently of tRNA(Lys), via its interaction with Gag, and is a strong candidate for being the signal that specifically targets tRNA(Lys) for viral incorporation. We have transfected 293T cells with HIV-1 proviral DNA and short interfering RNA (siRNA) specific for LysRS to study the effect of diminished cellular LysRS upon tRNA(Lys) packaging, annealing to viral genomic RNA, and viral production and infectivity. At early time points after siRNA transfection, an 80% inhibition of LysRS incorporation into viruses reflects an 80% reduction of newly synthesized LysRS, rather than a more limited 20 to 25% decrease in the concentration of total cell LysRS, indicating that newly synthesized LysRS in the cell may be the main source of viral LysRS. Viruses produced from cells transfected with siRNA show reduced tRNA(Lys) packaging, reduced annealing to viral RNA, and reduced viral infectivity.
Stimulation of the cytosolic receptor for peptidoglycan, Nod1, by infection with Chlamydia trachomatis or Chlamydia muridarum (2006)

Infection of epithelial cells by the intracellular pathogen, Chlamydia trachomatis, leads to activation of NF-kappaB and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. We find that overexpression of a dominant-negative Nod1 or depletion of Nod1 by RNA interference inhibits partially the activation of NF-kappaB during chlamydial infection in vitro, suggesting that Nod1 can detect the presence of Chlamydia. In parallel, there is a larger increase in the expression of pro-inflammatory genes following Chlamydia infection when primary fibroblasts are isolated from wild-type mice than from Nod1-deficient mice. The Chlamydia genome encodes all the putative enzymes required for proteoglycan synthesis, but proteoglycan from Chlamydia has never been detected biochemically. Since Nod1 is a ubiquitous cytosolic receptor for peptidoglycan from Gram-negative bacteria, our results suggest that C. trachomatis and C. muridarum do in fact produce at least the rudimentary proteoglycan motif recognized by Nod1. Nonetheless, Nod1 deficiency has no effect on the efficiency of infection, the intensity of cytokine secretion, or pathology in vaginally infected mice, compared with wild-type controls. Similarly, Rip2, a downstream mediator of Nod1, Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2, and TLR4, increases only slightly the intensity of chlamydial infection in vivo and has a very mild effect on the immune response and pathology. Thus, Chlamydia may not produce sufficient peptidoglycan to stimulate Nod1-dependent pathways efficiently in infected animals, or other receptors of the innate immune system may compensate for the absence of Nod1 during Chlamydia infection in vivo.
Low-Loss and Highly Reliable Low-Profile Coupler for Silicon Photonics (2019)

We demonstrate low-profile fiber coupler for silicon photonics with stress-free fiber bending technique, which achieves low insertion loss of <0.5 dB and Telcordia-1221GR-CORE-complying high reliability even with severe fiber bending radius of around 2 mm.
Multislice T1 relaxation time measurements in the brain using IR‐EPI: Reproducibility, normal values, and histogram analysis in patients with multiple sclerosis (2003)

IR-EPI provides a reproducible method to obtain T(1) values in the brain. Regional variation in T(1) values is present in N(A)WM of volunteers and MS patients. Since T(1) histogram parameters reflect changes in NAWM and correlate with conventional measures of disease burden in MS patients, T(1) histogram analysis may provide a global measure of disease progression in MS.
Meltblowing: II-linear and nonlinear waves on viscoelastic polymer jets (2010)

The work is devoted to the theory of meltblown polymer jets. Polymer jets are experiencing strong stretching and flapping being subjected to the pulling action of a high speed surrounding axisymmetric gas jet. The bending perturbations of polymer melt jets are triggered by the surrounding turbulent eddies and enhanced by the distributed lift force acting on the jets. We study first growth of small perturbations in the framework of the linear stability theory. Then, the fully nonlinear case of large-amplitude planar bending perturbations of polymer jet is solved numerically. Both isothermal and nonisothermal cases are considered. The cooling of the surrounding gas jet results in cooling of the polymer jet inside, and to the arrest of the bending perturbation growth due to melt solidification.
Heat Transfer and Flowfield Measurements in the Leading Edge Region of a Stator Vane Endwall (1998)

The leading edge region of a first stage stator vane experiences high heat transfer rates especially near the end wall making it very important to get a better understanding of the formation of the leading edge vortex. In order to improve numerical predictions of the complex endwall flow, benchmark quality experimental data are required. To this purpose, this study documents the endwall heat transfer and static pressure coefficient distribution of a modern stator vane for two different exit Reynolds numbers (Reex = 6 × 105 and 1.2 × 106). In addition, laser Doppler velocimeter measurements of all three components of the mean and fluctuating velocities are presented for the stagnation plane in the leading edge region. Results indicate that the endwall heat transfer, pressure distribution and flowfield characteristics change with Reynolds number. The endwall pressure distributions show that lower pressure coefficients occur at the higher Reynolds number due to secondary flows. The stronger secondary flows cause enhanced heat transfer near the trailing edge of the vane at the higher Reynolds number. On the other hand the mean velocity, turbulent kinetic energy and vorticity results indicate that leading edge vortex is stronger and more turbulent at the lower Reynolds number. The Reynolds number also has an effect on the location of the separation point which moves closer to the stator vane at the lower Reynolds number.
All solid-state multi-chip multi-channel WDM photonic module (2015)

In this work we report on a packaged prototype of a WDM photonic transceiver. It is a hybrid assembly based on a 130 nm SOI photonic circuitry integrated with a 40 nm CMOS VLSI driver. Our prototype supports eight tunable WDM channels operating at 10 Gb/s each capable of both transmitting and receiving data on the same chip. We discuss two options to close the link while using the optical fiber or another waveguide bridge chip. We provide hybridization details and supporting link measurement data to describe packaged photonic module and its power efficient functionality as its on-chip power per channel averaged 1.3pJ/bit, laser electrical power excluded.
Guest Editors' Introduction: End-User Software Engineering (2009)

Millions of people program to support their work but don't call themselves programmers. The field of end-user software engineering is concerned with helping these people create reliable, dependable, and reusable programs, without distracting them from their primary tasks. This special issue of IEEE Software presents a selection of research from this field, providing a glimpse of some of the exciting advances made in past 10 years of research and development.
Role of the Constitutive Splicing Factors U2AF65 and SAP49 in Suboptimal RNA Splicing of Novel Retroviral Mutants (1998)

Retroviruses display a unique form of alternative splicing in which both spliced and unspliced RNAs accumulate in the cytoplasm. Simple retroviruses, such as avian sarcoma virus, do not encode regulatory proteins that affect splicing; this process is controlled solely through interactions between the viral RNA and the host cell splicing machinery. Previously, we described the selection and characterization of novel avian sarcoma virus mutants. These viruses were separated into two classes based upon analysis of splicing intermediates produced in infected cells and in a cell-free system. One class, which included mutants with altered polypyrimidine tract or branch point sequences, showed significant accumulation of intermediates, suggesting that splicing was regulated in step 2. The other class, which included mutants with deletions of exonic enhancer sequences, did not accumulate splicing intermediates, suggesting that splicing was regulated before step 1 of the splicing reaction. In this report, we show that a mutant blocked at step 1 fails to form a stable spliceosomal complex, whereas one blocked at step 2 shows a defect in its ability to transit through the last spliceosomal complex. Using UV cross-linking methods, we show that regulation at each step is associated with specific changes in the binding of cellular splicing factors. Regulation at step 1 is correlated with decreased cross-linking of the factor U2AF65, whereas regulation at step 2 is correlated with enhanced cross-linking of the factor SAP49. Because these mutations were isolated by selection for replication-competent viruses, we conclude that retroviral splicing may be regulated in vivo through altered binding of constitutive splicing factors.
On-Chip Immunoelectrophoresis of Extracellular Vesicles Released from Human Breast Cancer Cells (2015)

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) including exosomes and microvesicles have attracted considerable attention in the fields of cell biology and medicine. For a better understanding of EVs and further exploration of their applications, the development of analytical methods for biological nanovesicles has been required. In particular, considering the heterogeneity of EVs, methods capable of measuring individual vesicles are desired. Here, we report that on-chip immunoelectrophoresis can provide a useful method for the differential protein expression profiling of individual EVs. Electrophoresis experiments were performed on EVs collected from the culture supernatant of MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells using a measurement platform comprising a microcapillary electrophoresis chip and a laser dark-field microimaging system. The zeta potential distribution of EVs that reacted with an anti-human CD63 (exosome and microvesicle marker) antibody showed a marked positive shift as compared with that for the normal immunoglobulin G (IgG) isotype control. Thus, on-chip immunoelectrophoresis could sensitively detect the over-expression of CD63 glycoproteins on EVs. Moreover, to explore the applicability of on-chip immunoelectrophoresis to cancer diagnosis, EVs collected from the blood of a mouse tumor model were analyzed by this method. By comparing the zeta potential distributions of EVs after their immunochemical reaction with normal IgG, and the anti-human CD63 and anti-human CD44 (cancer stem cell marker) antibodies, EVs of tumor origin circulating in blood were differentially detected in the real sample. The result indicates that the present method is potentially applicable to liquid biopsy, a promising approach to the low-invasive diagnosis of cancer.
Watermarks encrypted in a concealogram and deciphered by a modified joint-transform correlator (2005)

We describe an electro-optical method of deciphering a watermark from a recently invented encoded image termed a concealogram. The watermark is revealed as a result of spatial correlation between two concealograms, one containing the watermark and the other containing the deciphering key. The two are placed side by side on the input plane of a modified joint-transform correlator. When the input plane is illuminated by a plane wave, the watermark image is reconstructed on part of the correlator's output plane. The key function deciphers the concealed watermark from the visible picture only when the two specific concealograms are matched. To illustrate the system's performance, both simulation and experimental results are presented.
LOCAL RESISTANCE OF SINGLE-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES AS MEASURED BY SCANNING PROBE TECHNIQUES (2006)

Single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) resistance arising from point defects can be directly imaged using scanning probe techniques. Here, we combine Scanning Gate Microscopy (SGM) and Kelvin Force Microscopy (KFM) to electronically identify defect sites and study their contributions to SWCNT resistances.
SimCURL: Simple Contrastive User Representation Learning from Command Sequences (2022)

User modeling is crucial to understanding user behavior and essential for improving user experience and personalized recommendations. When users interact with software, vast amounts of command sequences are generated through logging and analytics systems. These command sequences contain clues to the users' goals and intents. However, these data modalities are highly unstructured and unlabeled, making it difficult for standard predictive systems to learn from. We propose SimCURL, a simple yet effective contrastive self-supervised deep learning framework that learns user representation from unlabeled command sequences. Our method introduces a user-session network architecture, as well as session dropout as a novel way of data augmentation. We train and evaluate our method on a real-world command sequence dataset of more than half a billion commands. Our method shows significant improvement over existing methods when the learned representation is transferred to downstream tasks such as experience and expertise classification.