gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Endothelial expression of CXCR7 and the regulation of systemic CXCL12 levels (2013)

The concentration of CXCL12/SDF-1 in the bloodstream is tightly regulated, given its central role in leucocyte and stem/progenitor cell egress from bone marrow and recruitment to sites of inflammation or injury. The mechanism responsible for this regulation is unknown. Here we show that both genetic deletion and pharmacological inhibition of CXCR7, a high-affinity CXCL12 receptor, caused pronounced increases in plasma CXCL12 levels. The rise in plasma CXCL12 levels was associated with an impairment in the ability of leucocytes to migrate to a local source of CXCL12. Using a set of complementary and highly sensitive techniques, we found that CXCR7 protein is expressed at low levels in multiple organs in both humans and mice. In humans, CXCR7 was detected primarily on venule endothelium and arteriole smooth muscle cells. CXCR7 expression on venule endothelium was also documented in immunodeficient mice and CXCR7(+/lacZ) mice. The vascular expression of CXCR7 therefore gives it immediate access to circulating CXCL12. These studies suggest that endothelial CXCR7 regulates circulating CXCL12 levels and that CXCR7 inhibitors might be used to block CXCL12-mediated cell migration for therapeutic purposes.
Magnetic targeting to enhance microbubble delivery in an occluded microarterial bifurcation (2017)

Ultrasound and microbubbles have been shown to accelerate the breakdown of blood clots both in vitro and in vivo. Clinical translation of this technology is still limited, however, in part by inefficient microbubble delivery to the thrombus. This study examines the obstacles to delivery posed by fluid dynamic conditions in occluded vasculature and investigates whether magnetic targeting can improve microbubble delivery. A 2D computational fluid dynamic model of a fully occluded Y-shaped microarterial bifurcation was developed to determine: (i) the fluid dynamic field in the vessel with inlet velocities from 1-100 mm s<sup>-1</sup> (corresponding to Reynolds numbers 0.25-25); (ii) the transport dynamics of fibrinolytic drugs; and (iii) the flow behavior of microbubbles with diameters in the clinically-relevant range (0.6-5 µm). In vitro experiments were carried out in a custom-built microfluidic device. The flow field was characterized using tracer particles, and fibrinolytic drug transport was assessed using fluorescence microscopy. Lipid-shelled magnetic microbubbles were fluorescently labelled to determine their spatial distribution within the microvascular model. In both the simulations and experiments, the formation of laminar vortices and an abrupt reduction of fluid velocity were observed in the occluded branch of the bifurcation, severely limiting drug transport towards the occlusion. In the absence of a magnetic field, no microbubbles reached the occlusion, remaining trapped in the first vortex, within 350 µm from the bifurcation center. The number of microbubbles trapped within the vortex decreased as the inlet velocity increased, but was independent of microbubble size. Application of a magnetic field (magnetic flux density of 76 mT, magnetic flux density gradient of 10.90 T m<sup>-1</sup> at the centre of the bifurcation) enabled delivery of microbubbles to the occlusion and the number of microbubbles delivered increased with bubble size and with decreasing inlet velocity.
A selective histone deacetylase-6 inhibitor improves BDNF trafficking in hippocampal neurons from Mecp2 knockout mice: implications for Rett syndrome (2014)

Rett syndrome (RTT) is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations in the transcriptional modulator methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2). One of the most prominent gene targets of MeCP2 is brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf), a potent modulator of activity-dependent synaptic development, function and plasticity. Dysfunctional BDNF signaling has been demonstrated in several pathophysiological mechanisms of RTT disease progression. To evaluate whether the dynamics of BDNF trafficking is affected by Mecp2 deletion, we analyzed movements of BDNF tagged with yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) in cultured hippocampal neurons by time-lapse fluorescence imaging. We found that both anterograde and retrograde vesicular trafficking of BDNF-YFP are significantly impaired in Mecp2 knockout hippocampal neurons. Selective inhibitors of histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) show neuroprotective effects in neurodegenerative diseases and stimulate microtubule-dependent vesicular trafficking of BDNF-containing dense core vesicles. Here, we show that the selective HDAC6 inhibitor Tubastatin-A increased the velocity of BDNF-YFP vesicles in Mecp2 knockout neurons in both directions by increasing α-tubulin acetylation. Tubastatin-A also restored activity-dependent BDNF release from Mecp2 knockout neurons to levels comparable to those shown by wildtype neurons. These findings demonstrate that a selective HDAC6 inhibitor is a potential pharmacological strategy to reverse cellular and synaptic impairments in RTT resulting from impaired BDNF signaling.
Squirrel-Cage Induction Motors: Understanding Starting Transients (2012)

In this article, the transients associated with line starting of squirrel cage induction motors and the potential difficulties they pose are examined. These difficulties include transient torques significantly in excess of the rated motor torque, large inrush currents, and corresponding large dips in voltage. Test results that illustrate these problems are presented. Various techniques to ameliorate the effects of the starting process, including reduced voltage and soft starting, are discussed, and the benefits of these techniques are illustrated through simulation. The oscillatory transient torques discussed in this article are not new, but have often been ignored.
Aiding Vascular Trauma Detection in the Human Upper Extremities With Image-Based Models of Blood Flow (2008)

In the hands of an experienced sonographer, a portable diagnostic ultrasound (US) allows for a quick and inexpensive diagnosis of vascular trauma in the field. However, trained sonographers are usually not available at trauma settings, such as in the battlefield. Recent studies by Luo 2007 [1] quantified ultrasound signatures of bleeding at the sites of vessel puncture, which can be used in automated algorithms for ultrasound diagnosis of suspected bleeding sites. However, trauma patients often have large areas of injury requiring extensive scanning to find the bleeding site. An algorithm that can first assess a vascular tree and localize suspicious branches for further examination or therapy would be useful. This study was focused on the upper extremity vascular tree. Specific goals of this study were to 1) demonstrate a physics-based model to characterize normal blood flow, and 2) evaluate its ability to detect vascular abnormalities by looking for flows that deviate from the model.
Recent Advances in Stereoselective Drug Targeting (2015)

Reviewed here are some recent examples of medically important protein targets for which stereoselective drugs have been identified. These include heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) inhibitors as anticancer agents; transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 antagonists as new analgesics; stereospecific inhibition of human mutT homolog MTH1 for cancer treatment; the stereoselective binding of R- and S-propranolol by the α1-acid glycoprotein transporter; metallohelical complexes that are nonpeptide α-helical mimetics that enantioselectively target Aβ amyloid for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease; metallohelical assemblies with promising antimicrobial activity that enantioselectively target DNA of resistant bacteria; nonpeptide α-helical metallohelices that target the DNA of cisplatin-resistant cancer cells; diastereomeric selectivity of phenanthriplatin-guanine adducts; and phenazine biosynthetic enzyme active sites that can host both enantiomers of a racemic ligand simultaneously.
ChemInform Abstract: Model Studies of the Maillard Reaction of Arg-Lys with D-Glucose (2010)

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Ciguatoxin‐induced oscillations in membrane potential and action potential firing in rat parasympathetic neurons (2002)

The actions of ciguatoxins from the Pacific (P-CTX-1) and Caribbean (C-CTX-1) regions were investigated in isolated parasympathetic neurons from rat intracardiac ganglia using patch-clamp recording techniques. Under current-clamp conditions, bath application of P-CTX-1 (1-10 nm) or C-CTX-1 (10-30 nm) caused a gradual depolarization that was accompanied by oscillation of the membrane potential leading to tonic action potential firing. Membrane potential oscillations were observed between -45 and -60 mV and had an amplitude of 10-20 mV and a mean frequency of 10 Hz. Oscillation frequency was temperature-dependent with a Q10 of 2.0. Membrane oscillations were temporarily inhibited by hyperpolarizing current pulses and potentiated by weak depolarizing current pulses. The amplitude of oscillations was reduced upon lowering the external Na+ concentration and inhibited by tetrodotoxin (TTX), tetracaine or Zn2+. Tetraethylammonium, 4-aminopyridine, Cs+, Cd2+, Ba2+, 1,4,4'-diothiocyanato-2,2'-stilbenedisulphonic acid (DIDS) and ouabain had no effect on the CTX-1-induced membrane depolarization and oscillations. Brevetoxin (PbTx-3, 100 nm), in contrast to CTX-1, caused a membrane depolarization that was not associated with oscillation of the membrane potential. Under voltage-clamp conditions, P-CTX-1 inhibited the peak amplitude of the voltage-dependent Na+ current and shifted the activation curve to more negative potentials, but membrane oscillations were not seen in this configuration. These results suggest that ciguatoxins cause oscillation of the membrane potential in mammalian autonomic neurons by modifying the activation and inactivation properties of a population of TTX-sensitive Na+ channels.
Tribology meets sustainability (2020)

Purpose This paper aims to present a comprehensive perspective on how tribology and sustainability are related and intertwined and are linked to CO 2 emissions. This paper emphasizes on how tribological aspects affect everybody’s life and how tribological research and progress can improve energy efficiency, sustainability and quality of life. Design/methodology/approach Based upon available data and predictions for the next 50 years, the potential of tribological research and development is addressed. Findings The effects of tribological design can significantly increase energy savings and reduce CO 2 emissions. Taking advantage of tribological technologies and applying them to current infrastructure would have the largest energy savings coming from the transportation and power generation at 25% and 20%, respectively. Implementing these technologies can also cut down global CO 2 emissions by about 1,460 megatons of CO 2 per year in the immediate future and 3,140 megatons of CO 2 per year in the long term. The extraction and processing of resources inevitably generates CO 2 . Doubling the lifetime of machine components and the use of circular economy reduces the material footprint with associated reductions in CO 2 . Originality/value This perspective summarizes concisely the interrelation of tribology and sustainability with CO 2 . Peer review The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-09-2020-0356/
Growth, Structural, and Electrical Characterizations of N-Polar InAlN by Plasma-Assisted Molecular Beam Epitaxy (2011)

N-polar InxAl1-xN (0.02 < x < 0.65) films were grown and characterized by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (PAMBE). Indium incorporation in the films was characterized both as a function of the impinging In and Al flux and the growth temperature. In incorporation in the film was found to decrease with increasing growth temperature (Tgr) for Tgr > 560 °C. A smooth surface morphology was obtained for In0.18Al0.82N lattice-matched to GaN. Subsequently, N-polar In0.18Al0.82N was used as a charge-inducing barrier in a N-polar GaN HEMT structure and electrical characterizations including current–voltage (I–V) measurements were performed.
New method of critical dimension (CD) control for 64-Mbit-DRAM reticles (1994)

Using the chemically amplified negative resist SAL-601<SUP>TM</SUP> (Shipley Microelectronics LTD) and iterative dry etching, we improved the CD yield of 64 Mbit-DRAM (0.35 micrometers design rule) reticles. SAL-601 features high contrast and high resolution, and iterative etching is a superior method in a dry etching process. To perform iterative dry etching with SAL-601, we needed a more vertical resist profile to measure a chromium pattern under the resist correctly. We had to also prevent deterioration of the resist sensitivity. This paper describes how these problems were solved.
The Need for Desalination in Humanitarian Crises (2022)

Abstract Humanitarian crises ranging from political unrest to natural disasters are becoming increasingly prevalent with global climate change. Correspondingly, there are an increasing number of regions that consist both of high crises risk and saline water contamination. Such regions include the Middle East, Subsaharan Africa (particularly along the Great Rift Valley), Southeast Asia (including the Mekong Delta and Pacific Islands), and coastal regions. However, there is a lack of robust, deployable desalination technologies for humanitarian crises. This is mainly attributed to the highly-constrained environment which necessitate: minimization of consumables, rapid speed of deployment and simplification of operation and maintenance. Such constraints are often secondary thoughts, are difficult to traditionally quantify, and differ from stable commercial situations where operations are supported by an accessible supply chain and network of technicians. These barriers have particularly hindered the adoption of membrane technology and thus, high volume desalination and chemical contaminant removal. This work justifies the need for desalination technology in humanitarian crises via geospatial analysis of saline water databases and exploration of regional case studies, formulates design requirements for an emergency-use desalination system based on needs extracted from open-interviews of stakeholders and literature review, evaluates some of the gaps within currently employed deployable desalination systems and explores the potential opportunities of other desalination technology.
Performance evaluation of frequency interleaver in ATSC 3.0 (2016)

Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) 3.0 physical layer standard has adopts frequency interleaving scheme to mitigate burst errors caused by frequency selective fading in OFDM systems. In this paper, we briefly present the frequency interleaver of ATSC 3.0 and evaluate the performance on various wireless fading channel conditions.
Methodology for Accelerated Inter-Cycle Simulations of Li-ion Battery Degradation with Intra-Cycle Resolved Degradation Mechanisms (2022)

Accurate predictions of degradation and lifetime of lithium-ion batteries are essential for reliability, safety and key to remanufacturing and repurposing. Cycle life is a key performance metric to understand how changes in the cell design or chemistry will impact system cost and durability. Physics-based models can be used to evaluate battery degradation mechanisms, which is useful when the product lifetime is expected to be 10-20 years and experimental validation is infeasible. The complete lifetime simulation can take hours corresponding to thousands of charge and discharge cycles. An adaptive inter-cycle extrapolation algorithm allows us to rapidly simulate the entire lifetime of the battery and enable the use of optimization algorithms to tune model parameters. We demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed parameter tuning approach using the single particle model with two degradation mechanisms, solid electrolyte interphase growth and active material loss due to mechanical failure. The model can explain the observed trends in capacity fade, loss of lithium inventory and individual electrode capacities from both cycling and calendering experiments. The model agrees well with the data in all outputs, even in cases that were withheld from parameter tuning. The accelerated simulations also agree well with full simulations.
Environmentally degradable aliphatic poly(ester-amide)s based on short, symmetrical and uniform bisamide-diol blocks, 1. Synthesis and interchange reactions (1999)

Aliphatic poly(ester-amide)s were prepared by polycondensation of N,N′-1,4 butanediylbis(6-hydroxyhexanamide), dimethyl adipate, and 1,4-butanediol, using Ti(OBu)4 as a catalyst. For polymers with a bisamide monomer content below 25 mol-%, Mw between 20 000 and 50 000 were obtained after 10–12 h polymerization at temperatures of 170–190°C. Mw values decrease with increasing amide content. The symmetrical and uniform structure of the amide segments is retained in the polymer. Less than 5 mol-% of the symmetry of the amide segments is lost due to alcoholysis of the amide bonds in the first h of polymerization as found from NMR analysis. When the polymerizations were performed using adipic acid instead of dimethyl adipate a significant loss (up to 30 mol-%) of the symmetry of the amide segments occurs through acidolysis.
Application of the Conformal Decomposition Finite Element Method to Problems with Capillary Free Surfaces. (2012)

Abstract not provided.
EARTH &#x2014; Energy Aware Radio and Network Technologies (2009)

EARTH is a major new European research project starting in 2010 with 15 partners from 10 countries. Its main technical objective is to achieve a reduction of the overall energy consumption of mobile broadband networks by 50%. In contrast to previous efforts, EARTH regards both network aspects and individual radio components from a holistic point of view. Considering that the signal strength strongly decreases with the distance to the base station, small cells are more energy efficient than large cells. EARTH will develop corresponding deployment strategies as well as management algorithms and protocols on the network level. On the component level, the project focuses on base station optimizations as power amplifiers consume the most energy in the system. A power efficient transceiver will be developed that adapts to changing traffic load for an energy efficient operation in mobile radio systems. With these results EARTH will reduce energy costs and carbon dioxide emissions and will thus enable a sustainable increase of mobile data rates.
Influence of ocular surface antigen on the postnatal accumulation of immunoglobulin-containing cells in the rat lacrimal gland. (1990)

The objective of the present study was to determine whether antigenic presence on the ocular surface might directly influence the development or expression of the lacrimal secretory immune system. Experiments were designed to: (i) analyse the temporal accumulation of IgA-, IgG- and IgM-containing cells in lacrimal tissue during postnatal development (6-27 days of age); (ii) examine whether prevention of antigenic exposure to the ocular surface by unilateral tarsorrhaphy might inhibit lymphocyte immigration into the ipsilateral gland during development; and (iii) assess whether a non-invasive antigen, after placement on the ocular surface of infant or adult rats, undergoes retrograde transfer to the lacrimal gland. Our results demonstrated that: (i) the accumulation of IgA-, IgG- and IgM-containing cells in lacrimal tissue was most pronounced during the 6-day period after eyelid opening (15 days of age). The pattern of appearance of these Ig-containing cells, which were predominantly IgA-positive, was identical in both left and right lacrimal glands. (ii) Closure of the left lid by tarsorrhaphy from 10 to 18 days of age had no effect on the accumulation of IgA-, IgG- and IgM-containing cells in the left lacrimal tissue compared to cell numbers in the right gland. (iii) Following placement of radiolabelled albumin on the ocular surface, antigen was almost completely cleared within 1-2 hr. Analysis of lacrimal glands showed no significant accumulation of radioactivity at any time-point, either in the presence or absence of ocular inflammation. In contrast, up to 17.8% of radioactivity was found in the stomach 1-2 hr following topical antigen application. Overall, our results show that a rapid development of the lacrimal secretory immune system occurs between 15 and 21 days of age. This process does not appear to be dependent upon local antigenic stimulation. In addition, our findings indicate that a non-invasive antigen, when applied to the ocular surface, does not undergo retrograde transfer to the lacrimal gland. Instead, antigen appears to be cleared primarily through the gastrointestinal tract.
CMOS compatible thermoelectric infrared sensors (2000)

A new structure for CMOS compatible thermoelectric infrared sensors is proposed. By using micro-link structures to connect several floating membranes, the largest floating membrane area yet obtained and large output voltages have been realised. The characteristics of the sensors have been measured, and are compared with those of existing devices.
Differentiation between acutely ischemic myocardium and zones of completed infarction in dogs on the basis of frequency-dependent backscatter (1989)

The goal of this work was to determine whether the frequency dependence of apparent backscatter coefficient (not corrected for attenuation within the myocardium) could differentiate completed, remote infarction from acute myocardial injury in vivo. Myocardial infarcts were produced in six dogs by coronary artery occlusion. One to 12 months later, acute ischemic injury was induced in each dog by ligation of a coronary artery that supplied a region of myocardium adjacent to the established infarct. Infarct, ischemic, and normal regions were interrogated with a 5-MHz, circular, 0.5-in. diam, broadband, focused, piezoelectric transducer mounted in a water-filled stand-off device placed against the exposed, beating heart. Apparent backscatter coefficients were measured over the range of frequencies from 3-7 MHz. The frequency dependence was obtained from the slope of log apparent backscatter coefficient versus log frequency. No significant difference in frequency dependence was found between normal and acutely ischemic myocardium for periods of up to 2 h of ischemia. In contrast, frequency dependence in regions of remote infarct (1.8 +/- 0.1, mean +/- standard error) was significantly lower than that in acutely ischemic or nonischemic regions (2.3 +/- 0.1) (p less than 0.01). These results suggest that remote myocardial infarction can be differentiated from acutely injured but still potentially salvageable myocardium in vivo on the basis of the frequency dependence of backscatter.
Nanopatterning of diblock copolymer directed self-assembly lithography with wet development (2011)

We report wet development technique for directed self-assembly lithography pattern. For typical diblock copolymer, poly (styrene-block-methyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA), the PMMA area is removed by O<sub>2</sub> plasma. However, O<sub>2</sub> plasma attack also etches off PS area simultaneously. As a result, the thickness of residual PS pattern is thinner and it causes degradation of PS mask performance. PS thickness loss in the device integration is not desirable as etching mask role. In this work, we applied wet development technique which could be higher selectivity to keep PS film thickness after pattern formation. Especially, we propose the method using low pressure mercury lamp and conventional TMAH (2.38%) as developer. It is expected to accomplish pattern formation in one track with coating, baking, exposure and development.