gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Predictors of Glycemic Outcomes at 1 Year Following Pediatric Total Pancreatectomy With Islet Autotransplantation (2022)

Objective: Total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation (TPIAT) is indicated to alleviate debilitating pancreas-related pain and mitigate diabetes in patients with acute recurrent and chronic pancreatitis when medical/endoscopic therapies fail. Our aim was to evaluate predictors of insulin requirement at one year following TPIAT in a cohort of children. &lt;p&gt;Research Design and Methods: This was a review of 43 pediatric patients followed after TPIAT for one year or longer. Primary outcome was insulin use at one year, categorized as: insulin independent, low (&lt; 0.5 u/kg/day) or high insulin (≥ 0.5 u/kg/day) requirement. &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Results: At one year after TPIAT, 12/41 (29%) patients were insulin independent, 21/41 (51%) had low and 8/41 (20%) had high insulin requirement. Insulin independent patients were younger than those with low and high insulin requirement (median age 8.2 vs. 14.6 vs. 13.1 years, respectively; p=0.03). Patients with insulin independence had higher transplanted IEQ/kg (p=0.03) and lower body surface area (p=0.02), compared to those with insulin dependence. Preoperative exocrine insufficiency was associated with high insulin requirement (p=0.03). Higher peak C-peptide measured by stimulated mixed meal tolerance testing (MMTT) at 3 and 6 months post-TPIAT was predictive of lower insulin requirement at one year (p=0.006 and 0.03, respectively). &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Conclusions: We conclude that insulin independence following pediatric TPIAT is multifactorial and associated with younger age, higher IEQ/kg transplanted and lower body surface area at time of operation. Higher peak C-peptide measured by MMTT following TPIAT confers a higher likelihood of low insulin requirement. &lt;/p&gt;
Intrinsic surface states of (110) surfaces of group IV and III-V semiconductors (1974)

Electronic local and total density of states calculations have been performed using tight binding models on the (110) surface of a group IV and III-V semiconductor. Ge and GaAs are taken as prototypes and the surface is assumed to be unrelaxed. Several new surface states are obtained near the bottom of the valence bands. The origin, localization, and character of the surface states are examined.
Epitaxial Thin Film Silicon Solar Cells with Efficiencies Up to16.9% by Combining Advanced Light Trapping Methods and CVD Emitters (2009)

Epitaxial thin film silicon solar cell technology, consisting of a thin high quality epitaxial stack on top of a non-active highly doped low-cost silicon substrate, is one of the most promising midterm alternatives for cost effective industrial solar cell manufacturing. In this work, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is used as a deposition technique for a complete solar cell structure including a BSF, base and emitter. CVD, compared to other techniques, allows the growth of almost any doping profile designed as desired to optimize the emitter and base properties. In this paper, three different solar cell concepts will be discussed and analyzed. Each of them integrates a CVD grown emitter in a cell structure with advanced light trapping schemes formed by a porous silicon reflector at the epi-substrate interface and a textured front surface. Cell results up to 16.9% are obtained for a rear emitter concept with a 25μm thick, n-doped active base.
Welcome to the World of Single-Slope Column-Level Analog-to-Digital Converters for CMOS Image Sensors (2021)

CMOS image sensors (CIS) have come a long way from the late 1980s and early 1990s up to where they are today. However, already since the very first developments in the field, column-level single-slope analog-to-digital converters (SS-ADC) were incorporated. The combination of an image sensor with on-chip column-level ADCs demonstrates exceptional performance as far as speed and power are concerned. It is not only the imaging array that went through a lot of new developments, so did the SS-ADC configuration. This monograph gives an overview and background of the various developments of the SS-ADCs. In Part I, some background information is given about the general CIS architecture, the CIS pixels and the noise sources present in a CIS. Part of this general technical information is used in the remaining section. Part II describes the various architectures used in a SS-ADC, starting with the most simple and earliest device described to the more complex architectures that include additional features in the ADC. After the description of the overall structure of the SS-ADCs, in Part III more details are studied about the various building blocks that are used in the SS-ADCs, such as amplifiers, comparators, ramp generators and counters. The monograph concludes with a future outlook, included in Part IV.
A randomized phase 1b trial of the active site polymerase inhibitor nucleotide ATI‐2173 in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection (2022)

ATI-2173 is an active site polymerase inhibitor nucleotide in development as part of a potentially curative regimen for chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. This study evaluated the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK) and antiviral activity of ATI-2173. This was a phase 1b, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in treatment-naive adults with chronic HBV infection conducted in the Republic of Moldova and Ukraine (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04248426). Patients positive for hepatitis B surface antigen were randomized 6:2 to receive once-daily oral doses of ATI-2173 10, 25, or 50 mg (n = 6 per dose) or placebo (n = 7) for 28 days, with off-treatment monitoring for 24 weeks. Endpoints included PK parameters of ATI-2173 and its metabolite clevudine, maximum reduction from baseline in HBV DNA, and safety and tolerability. Treatment-emergent adverse events occurred in eight patients (47%) receiving ATI-2173 and five (71%) receiving placebo; headache was the most common (n = 4). ATI-2173 PK was generally dose proportional. Systemic clevudine exposure with ATI-2173 dosing was substantially reduced compared with historical values observed with clevudine administration. On Day 28, mean changes from baseline in HBV DNA were -2.72 to -2.78 log<sub>10</sub> IU/ml with ATI-2173 and +0.17 log<sub>10</sub> IU/ml with placebo. Off-treatment sustained viral suppression and decreases in covalently closed circular DNA biomarkers were observed in most patients; one maintained undetectable HBV DNA at 24 weeks off treatment. In this 28-day monotherapy study, ATI-2173 demonstrated safety and antiviral activity, with sustained off-treatment effects and substantially reduced systemic clevudine exposure. These results support evaluation of ATI-2173 with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in phase 2 studies.
Pharmacokineticsof inhalational agents (2011)

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MicroRNA-sensitive oncolytic measles virus for chemovirotherapy of pancreatic cancer (2021)

Advanced pancreatic cancer is characterized by few treatment options and poor outcomes. Oncolytic virotherapy and chemotherapy involve complementary pharmacodynamics and could synergize to improve therapeutic efficacy. Likewise, multimodality treatment may cause additional toxicity, and new agents have to be safe. Balancing both aims, we generated an oncolytic measles virus for 5-fluorouracil-based chemovirotherapy of pancreatic cancer with enhanced tumor specificity through microRNA-regulated vector tropism. The resulting vector encodes a bacterial prodrug convertase, cytosine deaminase-uracil phosphoribosyl transferase, and carries synthetic miR-148a target sites in the viral F gene. Combination of the armed and targeted virus with 5-fluorocytosine, a prodrug of 5-fluorouracil, resulted in cytotoxicity toward both infected and bystander pancreatic cancer cells. In pancreatic cancer xenografts, a single intratumoral injection of the virus induced robust in vivo expression of prodrug convertase. Based on intratumoral transgene expression kinetics, we devised a chemovirotherapy regimen to assess treatment efficacy. Concerted multimodality treatment with intratumoral virus and systemic prodrug administration delayed tumor growth and prolonged survival of xenograft-bearing mice. Our results demonstrate that 5-fluorouracil-based chemovirotherapy with microRNA-sensitive measles virus is an effective strategy against pancreatic cancer at a favorable therapeutic index that warrants future clinical translation.
Metal–Organic Frameworks Meet Molecularly Imprinted Polymers: Insights and Prospects for Sensor Applications (2022)

The use of porous materials as the core for synthesizing molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) adds significant value to the resulting sensing system. This review covers in detail the current progress and achievements regarding the synergistic combination of MIPs and porous materials, namely metal/covalent-organic frameworks (MOFs/COFs), including the application of such frameworks in the development of upgraded sensor platforms. The different processes involved in the synthesis of MOF/COF-MIPs are outlined, along with their intrinsic properties. Special attention is paid to debriefing the impact of the morphological changes that occur through the synergistic combination compared to those that occur due to the individual entities. Thereafter, the strategies used for building the sensors, as well as the transduction modes, are overviewed and discussed. This is followed by a full description of research advances for various types of MOF/COF-MIP-based (bio)sensors and their applications in the fields of environmental monitoring, food safety, and pharmaceutical analysis. Finally, the challenges/drawbacks, as well as the prospects of this research field, are discussed in detail.
Incidence, Spread and Mechanisms of Pyrethroid Resistance in European Populations of the Cabbage Stem Flea Beetle, Psylliodes chrysocephala L. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) (2015)

Danish samples were mostly susceptible with very low resistance ratios, while most other samples showed reduced sensitivity in varying degrees. Likewise, there was a clear difference in the presence of the kdr mutation between the three countries. In the UK, the presence of kdr genotypes did not always correlate well with resistant phenotypes. This appears to be primarily conferred by a yet undisclosed, metabolic-based mechanism. Nevertheless our survey disclosed an alarming trend concerning the incidence and spread of CSFB resistance to pyrethroids, which is likely to have negative impacts on oilseed production in affected regions due to the lack of alternative modes of action for resistance management purposes.
Frequent HIN-1 Promoter Methylation and Lack of Expression in Multiple Human Tumor Types (2004)

HIN-1 (high in normal-1) is a candidate tumor suppressor identified as a gene silenced by methylation in the majority of breast carcinomas. HIN-1 is highly expressed in the mammary gland, trachea, lung, prostate, pancreas, and salivary gland, and in the lung, its expression is primarily restricted to bronchial epithelial cells. In this report, we show that, correlating with the secretory nature of HIN-1, high levels of HIN-1 protein are detected in bronchial lavage, saliva, plasma, and serum. To determine if, similar to breast carcinomas, HIN-1 is also silenced in tumors originating from other organs with high HIN-1 expression, we analyzed its expression and promoter methylation status in lung, prostate, and pancreatic carcinomas. Nearly all prostate and a significant fraction of lung and pancreatic carcinomas showed HIN-1 hypermethylation, and the majority of lung and prostate tumors lacked HIN-1 expression. In lung carcinomas, the degree of HIN-1 methylation differed among tumor subtypes (P = 0.02), with the highest level of HIN-1 methylation observed in squamous cell carcinomas and the lowest in small cell lung cancer. In lung adenocarcinomas, the expression of HIN-1 correlated with cellular differentiation status. Hypermethylation of the HIN-1 promoter was also frequently observed in normal tissue adjacent to tumors but not in normal tissue from noncancer patients, implying that HIN-1 promoter methylation may be a marker of premalignant changes. Thus, silencing of HIN-1 expression and methylation of its promoter occurs in multiple human cancer types, suggesting that elimination of HIN-1 function may contribute to several forms of epithelial tumorigenesis.
Molecular Origins of DNA Flexibility: Sequence Effects on Conformational and Mechanical Properties (2011)

A central question in biophysics is whether DNA sequence affects its mechanical properties, which are thought to influence nucleosome positioning and gene expression. Previous attempts to answer this question have been hindered by an inability to resolve DNA structure and dynamics at the base-pair level. Here we use a model to measure the effects of sequence on the stability of DNA under bending. Sequence is shown to influence DNA's flexibility and its ability to form kinks, which arise when certain motifs slide past others to form non-native contacts. A mechanism for nucleosome positioning is proposed in which sequence influences DNA-histone binding by altering the local base-pair-level structure when subject to the curvature necessary for binding.
Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (SAGE) (2003)

Abstract This unit provides a protocol for performing serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE). SAGE involves the generation of short fragments of DNA, or tags, from a defined point in the sequence of all cDNAs in the sample analyzed. This short tag, because of its presence in a defined point in the sequence, is typically sufficient to uniquely identify every transcript in the sample. SAGE allows one to generate a comprehensive profile of gene expression in any sample desired from as little as 100,000 cells or 1 ug of total RNA. SAGE generates absolute, rather than relative, measurements of RNA abundance levels, and this fact allows an investigator to readily and reliably compare data to those produced by other laboratories, making the SAGE data set increasingly useful as more data is generated and shared.
Synthesis and biological activity of new lodoacetamide derivatives on mutants of squalene‐hopene cyclase (2005)

New iodoacetamide derivatives, containing a dodecyl or a squalenyl moiety, were synthesized. The effect of these new thiol-reacting molecules was studied on two mutants of Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius squalene-hopene cyclase constructed especially for this purpose. In the quintuple mutant, all five cysteine residues of the enzyme are substituted with serine; in the sextuple mutant, this quintuple substitution is accompanied by the substitution of aspartate D376, located at the enzyme's active site, with a cysteine. N-Dodecyliodoacetamide had little activity toward either mutant, whereas N-squalenyliodoacetamide showed a stronger effect on the sextuple than on the quintuple mutant, as expected.
Poly(3‐alkylthiophene) Films as Solvent‐Processable Photoelectrocatalysts for Efficient Oxygen Reduction to Hydrogen Peroxide (2021)

Poly(3‐alkylthiophene) films play a central role in various organic devices due to their solvent processability and their remarkable electrical and optical properties. The (photo)electrocatalytic abilities of unsubstituted and solvent‐insoluble polythiophenes in the reduction of O 2 to H 2 O 2 in a basic aqueous electrolyte have recently emerged as an advanced function. Herein, the electrocatalytic and photoelectrocatalytic abilities of solvent‐processable poly(3‐alkylthiophene) films at pH 12 are demonstrated, as well as their characteristics are re‐examined from the viewpoints of the polymer structure, electrochemistry, photochemistry, and film nanostructure. A comparison of the above characteristics reveals the requirements for effective (photo)electrocatalytic O 2 reduction to H 2 O 2 production. In addition, the addition of an organic salt to the polymer solution changes the formed film characteristics. The thin film of the regioregular poly(3‐hexylthiophene‐2,5‐diyl) containing a small amount of tetramethylammonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide is easily formed by a solvent‐based process and features lower crystallinity, a porous film nanostructure, and high conductivity. This polymer acts as a robust photoelectrocatalyst for the reduction of O 2 to H 2 O 2 with a conversion rate of 3.9 × 10 3 mg (H 2 O 2 ) g photocat −1 h −1 or ≈0.040 mg (H 2 O 2 ) cm −2 h −1 and a high Coulombic efficiency of &gt;95% at 0.1 V bias from the theoretical potential.
Field testing the wide-field-of-view imaging spectrometer(WFIS) (2004)

The Wide Field-of-view Imaging Spectrometer (WFIS), a high-performance pushbroom hyperspectral imager designed for atmospheric chemistry and aerosols measurement from an aircraft or satellite, underwent initial field testing in 2004. The results of initial field tests demonstrate the all-reflective instrument's imaging performance and the capabilities of data processing algorithms to render hyperspectral image cubes from the field scans. Further processing results in spectral and photographic imagery suitable for identification, analysis, and discrimination of subjects in the images. The field tests also reveal that the WFIS instrument is suited for other applications, including in situ imaging and geological remote sensing.
A New Class of Task‐Specific Imidazolium Salts and Ionic Liquids and Their Corresponding Transition‐Metal Complexes for Immobilization on Electrochemically Active Surfaces (2022)

Adding to the versatile class of ionic liquids, we report the detailed structure and property analysis of a new class of asymmetrically substituted imidazolium salts, offering interesting thermal characteristics, such as liquid crystalline behavior, polymorphism or glass transitions. A scalable general synthetic procedure for N-polyaryl-N'-alkyl-functionalized imidazolium salts with para-substituted linker (L) moieties at the aryl chain, namely [LPh<sub>m</sub> Im<sup>H</sup> R]<sup>+</sup> (L=Br, CN, SMe, CO<sub>2</sub> Et, OH; m=2, 3; R=C<sub>12</sub> , PEG<sub>n</sub> ; n=2, 3, 4), was developed. These imidazolium salts were studied by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD), NMR spectroscopy and thermochemical methods (DSC, TGA). Furthermore, these imidazolium salts were used as N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand precursors for mononuclear, first-row transition metal complexes (Mn<sup>II</sup> , Fe<sup>II</sup> , Co<sup>II</sup> , Ni<sup>II</sup> , Zn<sup>II</sup> , Cu<sup>I</sup> , Ag<sup>I</sup> , Au<sup>I</sup> ) and for the dinuclear Ti-supported Fe-NHC complex [(OPy)<sub>2</sub> Ti(OPh<sub>2</sub> ImC<sub>12</sub> )<sub>2</sub> (FeI<sub>2</sub> )] (OPy=pyridin-2-ylmethanolate). The complexes were studied concerning their structural and magnetic behavior via multi-nuclear NMR spectroscopy, SC-XRD analyses, variable temperature and field-dependent (VT-VF) SQUID magnetization methods, X-band EPR spectroscopy and, where appropriate, zero-field <sup>57</sup> Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy.
EUS-guided High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (2011)

Background/Rationale: High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is a rapidly developing technology that is becoming more widely used for non-invasive and minimally invasive ablation of benign and malignant tumors. In addition, recent studies suggest that unique mechanical effects of HIFU may help to enhance targeted drug delivery and stimulate an anti-tumor immune response in many tumors including pancreatic tumors. However, targeting of pancreatic tumors using an extracorporeal source is often not possible due to the lack of an adequate acoustic window because of the presence of overlying bowel gas. The development of an EUS-guided HIFU transducer has many potential benefits including improved targeting, decreased energy requirements and decreased potential for injury to intervening structures.
Secondary Structure and Tertiary Fold of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Protein U (Vpu) Cytoplasmic Domain in Solution (1997)

The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpu protein enhances virus particle release from infected cells, decreases the tendency of syncytia formation and induces degradation of human CD4 receptor. It is known that the cytoplasmic part of Vpu is responsible for direct interaction to and degradation of CD4. The tertiary fold of the Vpu cytoplasmic domain in aqueous solution was determined employing NMR spectroscopy and molecular-dynamics simulated-annealing protocols. We found a very well defined amphipathic alpha-helix in the membrane proximal part (40-50), a less well defined helix (60-68), and a short alpha-helix at the C-terminus (75-79). We further determined the overall tertiary structure based on long-range nuclear Overhauser enhancement effects. Correlation of results from mutation experiments of Vpu and the structure data is discussed.
Detection of Percolating Paths in PMMA/CB Segregated Network Composites Using EFM and C-AFM (2009)

Presented at Seeing at the Nanoscale VII Conference held in Santa Barbara, CA, July 30, 2009.
Distinguishing “self” from “other” in a dynamic synchronization task with an adaptive virtual partner (2019)

Abstract For precise interpersonal coordination, some degree of merging a sense of self with other is required. In group music making, one may want to be in “sync” with one’s ensemble and, if playing a similar instrument, one can assume a degree of temporal and acoustic overlap. However, to what extent is self-other merging optimal? An incorrect balance of segregation and integration of self and other information would result in a lack of interpersonal cohesion or a disruption of self-agency. Using an interactive finger-tapping task with a virtual partner and functional MRI, we explored neural differences between self-other merging and distinction. Varying both the level of adaptivity of a virtual partner and the quality of self-related auditory feedback, we show that the predictability of the other and availability of distinguishable, self-related information improve performance and demonstrate how dynamic interactions vary one’s sense of agency. From neuroimaging data, we identify regions that are more active when self and other are distinct, including the TPJ. Conversely, we observe activity in the cerebellum, EBA and SMA when self and other blur. These findings suggest that a certain degree of self-other distinction at sensorimotor, experiential, and neurophysiological levels is required to maintain successful interpersonal coordination.
Optomechanical design of a prompt gamma reaction history diagnostic (2009)

The National Ignition Facility and the Omega Laser Facility both have a need for measuring prompt gamma radiation as part of a nuclear diagnostic program. A new gamma-detection diagnostic using off-axis-parabolic mirrors has been built. Some new techniques were used in the design, construction, and tolerancing of this gamma ray diagnostic. Because of the wavelength requirement (250 to 700 nm), the optical element surface finishes were a key design consideration. The optical enclosure had to satisfy pressure safety concerns and shielding against electromagnetic interference induced by gammas and neutrons. Structural finite element analysis was needed to meet rigorous optical and safety requirements. The optomechanical design is presented. Alignment issues are also discussed.