gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MP-CodeCheck: Evolving Logical Expression Code Anomaly Learning with Iterative Self-Supervision (2022)

Machine programming (MP) is concerned with automating software development. According to studies, software engineers spend upwards of 50% of their development time debugging software. To help accelerate debugging, we present MP-CodeCheck (MPCC). MPCC is an MP system that attempts to identify anomalous code patterns within logical program expressions. In designing MPCC, we developed two novel programming language representations, the formations of which are critical in its ability to exhaustively and efficiently process the billions of lines of code that are used in its self-supervised training. To quantify MPCC's performance, we compare it against ControlFlag, a state-of-the-art self-supervised code anomaly detection system; we find that MPCC is more spatially and temporally efficient. We demonstrate MPCC's anomalous code detection capabilities by exercising it on a variety of open-source GitHub repositories and one proprietary code base. We also provide a brief qualitative study on some of the different classes of code anomalies that MPCC can detect to provide an abbreviated insight into its capabilities.
An optimum rate/power allocation scheme for downlink in hybrid CDMA/TDMA cellular system (2002)

In Internet access, portables are expected to send low bit-rate requests via uplink and receive high bit-rate information via downlink. Hence, to provide a reasonable wireless Internet access, an efficient resource allocation scheme for the downlink is necessary. We propose a scheme that finds the optimum rate and power allocation based on the channel fading condition seen at the beginning of each time slot. This algorithm should be run for every time slot to continuously optimize the rate and power of the system. Our results show that a single user system can achieve an average throughput of 1.4 Mbps and 0.9 Mbps with the E/sub b//I/sub 0/ requirements of 3 dB and 5 dB respectively, in a downlink using 1.25 MHz bandwidth.
Retraction: Chitinase 1 regulates pulmonary fibrosis by modulating TGF-β/SMAD7 pathway via TGFBRAP1 and FOXO3 (2019)

TGF-β1 is a critical mediator of tissue fibrosis in health and disease whose effects are augmented by chitinase 1 (CHIT1). However, the mechanisms that CHIT1 uses to regulate TGF-β1-mediated fibrotic responses have not been defined. Here, we demonstrate that CHIT1 enhances TGF-β1-stimulated fibrotic cellular and tissue responses and TGF-β1 signaling. Importantly, we also demonstrate that these effects are mediated by the ability of CHIT1 to inhibit TGF-β1 induction of its feedback inhibitor, SMAD7. CHIT1 also interacted with TGF-β receptor associated protein 1 (TGFBRAP1) and forkhead box O3 (FOXO3) with TGFBRAP1 playing a critical role in CHIT1 enhancement of TGF-β1 signaling and effector responses and FOXO3 playing a critical role in TGF-β1 induction of SMAD7. These pathways were disease relevant because the levels of CHIT1 were increased and inversely correlated with SMAD7 in tissues from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis or scleroderma-associated interstitial lung disease. These studies demonstrate that CHIT1 regulates TGF-β1/SMAD7 axis via TGFBRAP1 and FOXO3 and highlight the importance of these pathways in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis.
Electrical and Optical Responses of an Antiferroelectric Liquid Crystal in SmA, SmCα* and SmC* Phases (1995)

Abstract The SmA, SmCα* and SmC* phases of an antiferroelectric liquid crystal 4-(1-methylheptyloxycarbonyl) phenyl 4‘-octyloxybiphenyl-4-carboxylate (MHPOBC) have been studied by means of simultaneous measurements of the dielectric constant and the electroclinic coefficient under a dc bias electric field. From the three dimensional representation of the electroclinic coefficient as a function of dc electric field and temperature, it is confirmed that there is no helix with a long pitch in the SmCα* phase and the electric field-temperature phase diagram for these phases is obtained. In the SmA phase near the phase transition temperature, the temperature dependences of the dielectric constant and the electroclinic coefficient are analyzed in terms of the phenomenological theory of Landau type and the parameters appearing in the theory are determined.
Integration and packaging technology of MEMS-on-CMOS tactile sensor for robot application using molded thick BCB layer and backside-grooved electrical connection (2011)

This paper describes a novel integration and packaging process for a chip-size-packaged integrated tactile sensor. A MEMS wafer and a CMOS wafer were bonded with a thick (50 µm thick) BCB (benzocyclobutene) layer, which also works as the dielectric layer of sensing electrodes. The large thickness is advantageous to reduce parasitic capacitance to the CMOS circuit. The thick BCB layer was formed on the CMOS wafer and molded with a glass mold to make a flat surface with via holes. For surface mounting, bond pads are located on the backside of the senor chip by drawing electrical feed lines through the chip edge. To make the feed lines in wafer level, tapered grooves were fabricated along the scribe lines by TMAH wet etching, and half dicing was done along the grooves to access electrodes on the BEOL layer. Finally, the tactile senor was completed and preliminarily evaluated.
Microseconds, milliseconds and seconds: deconvoluting the dynamic behaviour of planar perovskite solar cells (2017)

Perovskite solar cells (PSC) are shown to behave as coupled ionic-electronic conductors with strong evidence that the ionic environment moderates both the rate of electron-hole recombination and the band offsets in planar PSC. Numerous models have been presented to explain the behaviour of perovskite solar cells, but to date no single model has emerged that can explain both the frequency and time dependent response of the devices. Here we present a straightforward coupled ionic-electronic model that can be used to explain the large amplitude transient behaviour and the impedance response of PSC.
Intra-stack sealing of tier interconnects using the interconnect alloy (2016)

Interlayer cooling has been demonstrated to enable heat removal scaling in true 3D integration. This technology will unavoidably expose tier interconnects to coolant. If using electrically conductive liquids, such as water based coolants, the interconnects require a sealing mechanism to protect from short-circuiting. As an efficient technological solution we present a concentric ring sealing, realized around the interconnect in the very same alloy, thereby forming a joint of its own. We compare different aspect ratios of upper and lower joining parts, as well as single joint sealing and multiple joint sealing. We demonstrate the post-bonding states of the sealing using CuSnAg, AuSn transient liquid phase bonding (TLPB) and Cu-Cu thermocompression bonding. We lay emphasis on the resulting intermetallic compounds and present shear strengths of consistently beyond 30 MPa, reaching up to 85 MPa, which clearly shows the feasibility of the concept.
Fonctionnalisation des 3-oxo-benzo[b]furane, -thiophène, -sélénophène et de l'indoxyle pour des réactions de couplage catalysées par le palladium : application à la synthèse de systèmes tétracycliques (1998)

L'interet presente par les 3-oxo-benzobfurane, -thiophene, -selenophene ainsi que l'indoxyle pour la preparation de composes a visees therapeutiques nous a conduits, apres avoir judicieusement fonctionnalise ces derives au niveau du cycle B, a etudier la reactivite de ceux-ci vis-a-vis des reactions de couplage croise, catalysees par le palladium. Nous avons ensuite etudie les potentialites offertes par les produits des reactions de couplage pour la synthese de composes a squelette tetracyclique original. Nous avons ainsi mis au point une methode simple et generale (independante de la nature de l'heteroatome du cycle B) de preparation de nombreux tetracycliques lineaires et angulaires.
Inside Cover: Amplified Chiral Transformation through Helical Assembly (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 34/2007) (2007)

“Chiral amplification” by temporal conversion of a substrate into a helical polymeric precursor, in which the handedness is determined by the ‘majority rule’, is described by T. Aida and co-workers in their Communication on page 6476 ff. The basic strategy, which is demonstrated by the asymmetric transformation of a chirality-memorizing D2-symmetric saddle-shaped porphyrin, may give a new rationale for general asymmetric synthesis.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Overall Survival in Malignant Glioma Is Significantly Prolonged by Neurosurgical Delivery of Etoposide and Temozolomide from a Thermo-Responsive Biodegradable Paste (2023)

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Regioselective Coupling of Pentafluorophenyl Substituted Alkynes:  Mechanistic Insight into the Zirconocene Coupling of Alkynes and a Facile Route to Conjugated Polymers Bearing Electron-Withdrawing Pentafluorophenyl Substituents (2003)

The reaction of Cp(2)ZrCl(2) with 2 equiv of BuLi at -78 degrees C, followed by the addition of an unsymmetrical tetra- or pentafluorophenyl substituted alkyne R(1)C[triple bond]CAr(f) (R(1), Ar(f) = (CH(2))(4)Me, p-C(6)F(4)H; Me, p-C(6)F(4)H; Ph, C(6)F(5)), resulted in regioselective couplings of these alkynes to zirconacyclopentadienes in which the Ar(f) substituents preferentially adopt the 3,4-positions (beta beta) of the zirconacyclopentadiene ring. With Cp(2)Zr(py)(Me(3)SiC[triple bond]CSiMe(3)) as the zirconocene reagent, the couplings could be carried out at room temperature; however, at higher temperatures significant quantities of the 2,4-fluoroaryl substituted (alpha beta) isomers were also formed. None of the conditions employed produced the 2,5-fluoroaryl substituted (alpha alpha) isomers. These fluoroaryl-substituted zirconacyclopentadienes were readily converted to butadienes via reactions with acids. The zirconacyclopentadiene Cp(2)ZrC(4)-2,5-Ph(2)-3,4-(C(6)F(5))(2), which resulted from the coupling of PhC[triple bond]C(C(6)F(5)), was converted to the corresponding thiophene by reaction with S(2)Cl(2), and to an arene by reaction with MeO(2)CC[triple bond]CCO(2)Me/CuCl. Mechanistic studies on zirconocene couplings of (p-CF(3)C(6)H(4))C[triple bond]C(p-MeC(6)H(4)) indicate that the observed regioselectivities are determined by an electronic factor that controls the orientation of at least one of the two alkynes as they are coupled. Additionally, these studies suggest an unsymmetrical transition state for the zirconocene coupling of alkynes, and this is supported by DFT calculations. The reaction of [(C(6)F(5))C[triple bond]CCH(2)](2)CH(2) with Cp(2)Zr(py)(Me(3)SiC[triple bond]CSiMe(3)) resulted in a zirconacyclopentadiene in which the pentafluorophenyl substituents have been forced into the 2,5-positions (alpha alpha). Zirconocene coupling of the diyne (C(6)F(5))C[triple bond]C-1,4-C(6)H(4)-C[triple bond]C(C(6)F(5)) provided a route to conjugated polymers bearing electron-withdrawing pentafluorophenyl groups.
Deep brain stimulation of the ventrointermediate nucleus of the thalamus to treat essential tremor improves motor sequence learning (2022)

The network of brain structures engaged in motor sequence learning comprises the same structures as those involved in tremor, including basal ganglia, cerebellum, thalamus, and motor cortex. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the ventrointermediate nucleus of the thalamus (VIM) reduces tremor, but the effects on motor sequence learning are unknown. We investigated whether VIM stimulation has an impact on motor sequence learning and hypothesized that stimulation effects depend on the laterality of electrode location. Twenty patients (age: 38-81 years; 12 female) with VIM electrodes implanted to treat essential tremor (ET) successfully performed a serial reaction time task, varying whether the stimuli followed a repeating pattern or were selected at random, during which VIM-DBS was either on or off. Analyses of variance were applied to evaluate motor sequence learning performance according to reaction times (RTs) and accuracy. An interaction was observed between whether the sequence was repeated or random and whether VIM-DBS was on or off (F[1,18] = 7.89, p = .012). Motor sequence learning, reflected by reduced RTs for repeated sequences, was greater with DBS on than off (T[19] = 2.34, p = .031). Stimulation location correlated with the degree of motor learning, with greater motor learning when stimulation targeted the lateral VIM (n = 23, ρ = 0.46; p = .027). These results demonstrate the beneficial effects of VIM-DBS on motor sequence learning in ET patients, particularly with lateral VIM electrode location, and provide evidence for a role for the VIM in motor sequence learning.
Understanding Eventual Consistency (2013)

Modern geo-replicated databases underlying large-scale In- ternet services guarantee immediate availability and tolerate network partitions at the expense of providing only weak forms of consistency, commonly dubbed eventual consistency. At the moment there is a lot of confusion about the semantics of eventual consistency, as different systems implement it with different sets of features and in subtly dif- ferent forms, stated either informally or using disparate and low-level formalisms. We address this problem by proposing a framework for formal and declarative specification of the semantics of eventually consistent sys- tems using axioms. Our framework is fully customisable: by varying the set of axioms, we can rigorously define the semantics of systems that combine any subset of typical guarantees or features, including conflict resolution policies, session guarantees, causality guarantees, multiple consistency levels and transactions. We prove that our speci- fications are validated by an example abstract implementation, based on algorithms used in real-world systems. These results demonstrate that our framework provides system architects with a tool for explor- ing the design space, and lays the foundation for formal reasoning about eventually consistent systems.
Matched median detectors for DS/SSMA systems using complex signature sequences (2002)

Direct-sequence spread spectrum multiple-access communication systems allow several users to share a common communication channel where the distinction between different users is achieved by assigning a distinct signature waveform for each user. Real-world noise-environment is seldom purely Gaussian, yet receiving systems generally are those that are optimal for white Gaussian noise (linear matched filters or correlation detectors). Matched median filters are robust detectors in impulsive noise environments forming a natural counterpart of linear matched filters. In this paper, matched median filters are extended to the demodulation of complex signature sequences assuming asynchronous communication and coherent single-user receivers. Monte Carlo simulations show that matched median filters for PSK codes outperform matched median filters for BPSK codes and linear matched filters for PSK and BPSK codes in the presence of multiple-access interference and impulsive channel noise.
Isolation and Analytical Characterization of Local Malaysian Leech Saliva (1970)

Leech saliva contains biologically active compounds that are mainly proteins and peptides. In this study a modified and smooth extraction method of saliva was used without leeches' scarification. UV and Bradford Assay protein methods showed that the saliva extract contains high concentrations of proteins. RP-HPLC chromatogram revealed that more than 30 different peaks were observed in leech saliva extract. Gel electrophoresis revealed the existence of proteins and peptides with different molecular weights. The gel showed up to 25 different bands. Comparison of gel electrophoresis data with protein database revealed the closeness of four molecular weights to known proteins from Hirudinaria leech family. Other proteins detected by gel electrophoresis may be related to completely new biologically active proteins and peptides in the saliva extract or to a modification (isoforms) of the existing ones or finally to a mixture of both.ABSTRAK: Air liur pacat secara biologinya mengandungi sebahagian besar campuran aktif protein dan peptida. Dalam kajian ini, kaedah pengestrakan air liur pacat yang telah diubah suai digunakan tanpa perlu membunuh pacat. Kaedah protein Cerakin UV dan Bradford menunjukkan air liur pacat yang diekstrak mengandungi konsentrasi protein yang tinggi. Kromatogram RP-HPLC memperlihatkan lebih daripada 30 puncak berbeza diperolehi semasa air liur pacat diekstrak. Gel elektroforesis memperlihatkan kewujudan protein dan peptida dengan berat molekul yang berbeza. Gel menunjukkan hingga 25 jalur yang berbeza. Perbandingan data menggunakan gel elektroforesis seiring dengan pangkalan data protein memperlihatkan persamaan empat berat molekul, dengan protein yang yang dikenali daripada keluarga pacat Hirudinaria. Jenis protein lain yang dikesan dengan menggunakan gel elektrofosis mungkin juga berkait secara biologinya dengan protein dan peptida aktif yang baru, dalam ekstrak air liur atau pengubahsuaian (beberapa jenis yang berbeza daripada protein yang sama) daripada yang sedia ada ataupun gabungan kedua-duanya.KEY WORDS : leech saliva; RP-HPLC; gel electrophoresis.
Overexpression of PrPc promotes neuronal survival in in vitro and in vivo models, (2004)

National audience
CryptoManager — Eine intuitiv verwendbare Bibliothek für kryptographische Systeme (1994)

Der CryptoManager ist eine Softwarebibliothek für kryptographische Verfahren, die nach folgenden Entwurfszielen entwickelt wurde: Individuell skalierbare Sicherheit, intuitive Verwendbarkeit, Effizienz, Wartbarkeit und Erweiterbarkeit, reiches Angebot kryptographischer Mechanismen. Insbesondere sollen Kooperationen mehrerer kryptographischer Verfahren für den Anwendungsprogrammierer wie ein (integriertes) Verfahren benutzbar sein, und potentiell unbegrenzte Datenoperanden (Datenströme) sollen einfach zu verarbeiten sein. Eine stabile Implementierung liegt in THINK-Pascal für Apple Computer vor. Die Softwarebibliothek wurde zum Teil innerhalb des EU-Projekts SEISMED (Secure Environment for Information Systems in MEDicine) entwickelt. Die erfolgreiche Integration in eine prototypische Anwendung für gesicherten Dateitransfer in einem Apple-Talk-Rechnernetz demonstriert ihre Funktionalität und Effizienz. Die Weiterentwicklung des CryptoManager verfolgt vorrangig die Entwicklungsziele Portierbarkeit und objektorientierten Entwurf. Konkret entwickelt wird eine C++-Implementierung.
Thermal-Mechanical Life Prediction System for Coated Anisotropic Turbine Components (2006)

Modern gas turbine engines provide large amounts of thrust and experience severe cyclic thermal gradients with sustained mechanical loads. Fatigue damage induced by cyclic thermal transients, along with creep and oxidation damage caused by quasi steady state, long hold-time periods, have emerged as critical life-limiting factors for coated turbine airfoils. It is, therefore, necessary to develop key thermal parameters for life prediction system for hot section components that accounts for operating thermal transients of anisotropic material properties for coated airfoils. Thermal cyclic deformations are determined as a function of the cyclic temperatures and sustained mechanical loads. This leads to the evaluation of local cyclic fatigue damage function, which can be compared against the strain energy density dissipated during monotonic deformation testing for damage assessment. Long hold-time periods at elevated temperatures also lead to cumulative effects of creep and oxidation. Key thermal-mechanical parameters, obtained from the formulation presented, arise as governing parameters, leading to analytical maps necessary to track the damage observed in cyclic thermomechanical test specimens. The contributing damage modes of thermal fatigue, creep and oxidation are summed by the traditional Miner’s rule of accumulated damage. This provides a way to determine the number of cycles remaining in the part.
Infrared absorption spectra of matrix-isolated cis, cis-HOONO and its ab initio CCSD(T) anharmonic vibrational bands (2006)

The infrared absorption spectra of matrix-isolated cis, cis-peroxynitrous acid (HOONO and DOONO) in argon have been observed. Six of the nine fundamental vibrational modes for cis, cis-HOONO have been assigned definitively, and one tentatively. Coupled-cluster, ab initio anharmonic force field calculations were used to help guide some of the assignments. The experimental matrix frequencies (cm(-1)) for cis, cis-HOONO are (a' modes) nu1 = 3303+/-1, nu2 = 1600.6+/-0.6, nu3 = 1392+/-1, nu4 = 922.8+/-0.5, nu5 = 789.7+/-0.4, nu6 = 617+/-1; and (a" mode) nu8 = 462+/-1. The fundamentals for the deuterated isotopomer, cis, cis-DOONO, are (a' modes) nu1 = 2447.2+/-0.6, nu2 = 1595.7+/-0.7, nu3 = 1089.1+/-0.4, nu4 = 888.1+/-0.4, nu5 = 786.6+/-0.5, nu6 = 613.9+/-0.9; and (a" mode) nu8 = 456.5+/-0.5.
Pyrolysis Mass Spectrometry (PYMS) (2016)

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy’s Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.
Growth and characterization of thick GaN layers with high Fe doping (2005)

Thick Fe-doped GaN layers were grown by metalorganic hydrogen chloride vapor phase epitaxy (MOHVPE). FeCl2 formed by the reaction between ferrocene (Cp2Fe) and HCl was introduced during GaN growth. Resistivity of the GaN layer increased with increasing Cp2Fe input partial pressure. A semi-insulating (SI)-GaN layer exhibiting room-temperature resistivity of 3.0 × 109 Ω cm was successfully prepared by compensating for the residual donors. The crystalline quality of the GaN layer was found to deteriorate with excess Fe doping. These results indicate that control of background donor impurities is critically important to grow high-quality SI-GaN layers. (© 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)