gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of magnetization on the gel structure and protein electrophoresis in polyacrylamide hydrogel nanocomposites (2012)

Abstract In this study, polyacrylamide nanocomposite hydrogels were formulated in combination with sodium montmorillonite (MMT) in the presence of a 2‐T magnetic field. This top‐down nanomanufacturing approach led to interesting changes in the internal structure of the gel and ultimately to a dramatic improvement in the ability of the composite to separate the two protein probes, ovum serum albumin and carbonic anhydrase. The morphology of the nanocomposite hydrogel was analyzed with cryogenic scanning and transmission electron microscopy, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, and small‐angle scattering to determine whether morphological changes would correlate with this improved separation. As the volume fractions of MMT were well under 1% in this study (because of aqueous swelling), scattering data were dominated by the polymer structure. Significant morphological changes were noted at two length scales: (1) the hydrogel cell structure, at hundreds of nanometers, appeared to exhibit changes in the anisotropic orientation with magnetization, and (2) the polyamide structure, at tens of nanometers, exhibited decreasing pore size (small‐angle X‐ray scattering). The separation data correlated most closely with a reduction in pore size; however, an additional contribution to separation from local electrostatic effects from the presence of charged MMT in the cell walls could not be discounted. The change in the pore size associated with processing may have been due to the MMT presence altering the diffusion rates of the reactants during polymer formation. The method demonstrated herein could be used ultimately to separate proteins in their native state, with the potential retention of function for downstream applications, such as novel detection techniques or purification. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Rocky 7: a next generation Mars rover prototype (1996)

This paper provides a system overview of a new Mars rover prototype, Rocky 7. We describe all system aspects: mechanical and electrical design, computer and software infrastructure, algorithms for navigation and manipulation, science data acquisition, and outdoor rover testing. In each area, the improved or added functionality is explained in a context of its path to flight and within the constraints of desired science missions.
Exploring the role of Micronesian islands in the maintenance of coral genetic diversity in the Pacific Ocean (2014)

Understanding how genetic diversity is maintained across patchy marine environments remains a fundamental problem in marine biology. The Coral Triangle, located in the Indo-West Pacific, is the centre of marine biodiversity and has been proposed as an important source of genetic diversity for remote Pacific reefs. Several studies highlight Micronesia, a scattering of hundreds of small islands situated within the North Equatorial Counter Current, as a potentially important migration corridor. To test this hypothesis, we characterized the population genetic structure of two ecologically important congeneric species of reef-building corals across greater Micronesia, from Palau to the Marshall Islands. Genetic divergences between islands followed an isolation-by-distance pattern, with Acropora hyacinthus exhibiting greater genetic divergences than A. digitifera, suggesting different migration capabilities or different effective population sizes for these closely related species. We inferred dispersal distance using a biophysical larval transport model, which explained an additional 15-21% of the observed genetic variation compared to between-island geographical distance alone. For both species, genetic divergence accumulates and genetic diversity diminishes with distance from the Coral Triangle, supporting the hypothesis that Micronesian islands act as important stepping stones connecting the central Pacific with the species-rich Coral Triangle. However, for A. hyacinthus, the species with lower genetic connectivity, immigration from the subequatorial Pacific begins to play a larger role in shaping diversity than input from the Coral Triangle. This work highlights the enormous dispersal potential of broadcast-spawning corals and identifies the biological and physical drivers that influence coral genetic diversity on a regional scale.
TaASY1 promotes homologous chromosome interactions and is affected by deletion of Ph1 (2008)

During meiosis, chromosomes are sorted into homologous pairs as a preface to their intimate association via recombination and synapsis. However, little is known about the mechanism used to distinguish homologous chromosomes from other chromosomes present in the nucleus. Studies in wheat (Triticum aestivum) have shown that the Pairing homoeologous 1 (Ph1) locus is required to suppress interactions between genetically similar homoeologous chromosomes. Here we show that absence of Ph1 causes increased transcription of Asynapsis 1 (ASY1), a gene that encodes an axial-element-associated protein that is essential for synapsis and cross-over formation in Arabidopsis and rice. Localisation of ASY1 during meiosis is also affected by deletion of Ph1. In addition, transgenic wheat mutants with decreased activity of TaASY1 display reduced synapsis during prophase I and exhibit pairing between homoeologous chromosomes at metaphase I. These results suggest that ASY1 is required to promote interactions between homologous chromosomes in bread wheat, and that Ph1 has a gene regulatory role, which is consistent with its suggested genetic identity as a Cdk-like gene. Broader implications of this research suggest that we could use the Taasy1 mutants to assess their efficacy in alien chromatin introgression studies, as seen with the ph1b mutant.
A case of bilateral cochlear implantation in single-sided untreated acoustic neurinoma (2008)

Acoustic neurinoma affects the acousticofacial nerve and therefore in many cases is a contraindication for cochlear implantation and an indication for brainstem implant. Nevertheless benefit in these patients has been shown after tumour removal and cochlear implantation. The first case of bilateral cochlear implantation in a patient with single-sided untreated acoustic neurinoma is described here. In a 49-year-old woman with progressive hearing loss during the last 12 years we preoperatively diagnosed an acoustic neurinoma of the left side. After cochlear implantation of the right side she was sequentially implanted on the affected side as well. Before surgery radiological control of the tumour for signs of growth was performed and the patient was thoroughly informed of the situation and possible therapies and dangers. Speech discrimination scores obtained in the second implanted ear came up to the performance of the first implant after 6 months.
A simplified state switching control strategy for survivable variable-speed induction generators (2011)

Induction machines are one of the most widely used electric machines in wind power applications. However, the control of an induction generator is complicated if advanced control strategy is employed in order to maximize the performance. Also, the complexity of advanced control strategies and their high demand on hardware and sensors can lower the overall reliability of the generator system and potentially result in system malfunction, leading to unscheduled maintenance and power yield reduction. In this paper, an effective, yet simple and low-cost state switching control technique is proposed and implemented as a backup control strategy in case of control or sensor failure. This state switching control system is only allowed to operate at two different duty cycles of PWM which produces phase voltages with different magnitudes. At the same time, the frequency of the phase voltages is derived from the reference speed. By switching between these two states, precise speed regulation can be achieved. Owing to its simplicity, the control strategy can be implemented on a low cost FPGA or embedded into existing controllers for use as a backup strategy. In addition since it does not require the use of current sensors, it is very suitable for survivable operation. Simulation and experimental results are included to validate our claims.
Micro-computed tomography enables rapid surgical margin assessment during breast conserving surgery (BCS): correlation of whole BCS micro-CT readings to final histopathology (2018)

Micro-CT scanning of BCS specimens enabled margin status assessment over the entirety of the surgical surface in a clinically relevant time frame, provided additional spatial information over single-projection radiography, and may be a potentially useful BCS guidance tool.
THE EFFECT OF THE TYPE OF ADMIXTURE ON THE PROPERTIES OF POLYACRYLONITRILE MEMBRANES MODIFIED WITH NANOTUBES, GRAPHENE OXIDE AND GRAPHENE (2017)

This paper presents the results of research on the production of composite polyacrylonitrile (PAN) membranes with nanotubes (MWCNT), graphene (RG) and graphene oxide (GO) addition. All of the specified additions differ diametrically in terms of properties, starting from the spatial structure of the particles, to the chemical properties. The membranes were obtained using phase inversion method from a solution of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF). Subsequently, the impact of the nano-addition on the transport and separation properties of the membranes was investigated using Millipore AMICON ultrafiltration kit. Membranes with graphene addition (PAN/RG) are characterized by the best transport properties and the highest specific permeate flux values in the range of ~9131006 dm 3 /m 2 h for the working pressure of 2.0 MPa. In order to test the separation properties, electroplating wastewater generated in one of the Silesian galvanizing plants was used. The qualitative and quantitative composition of the wastewater was tested by means of UV-Vis spectrophotometer (HACH) and absorption atomic spectrometry (AAS). The ultrafiltration process carried out on composite membranes allows for the complete removal of phosphate ions and ~8894% removal of iron from the waste water. The rejection coefficient of the remaining metals is high: ~3585% for copper and ~17100% for cadmium.
Chemically Gradient Hydrogen‐Bonded Organic Framework Crystal Film (2023)

Hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) are ordered supramolecular solid structures, however, nothing much explored as centimetre-scale self-standing films. The fabrication of such crystals comprising self-supported films is challenging due to the limited flexibility and interaction of the crystals, and therefore studies on two-dimensional macrostructures of HOFs are limited to external supports. Herein, we introduce a novel chemical gradient strategy to fabricate a crystal-deposited HOF film on an in situ-formed covalent organic polymer film (Tam-Bdca-CGHOF). The fabricated film showed versatility in chemical bonding along its thickness from covalent to hydrogen-bonded network. The kinetic-controlled Tam-Bdca-CGHOF showed enhanced proton conductivity (8.3×10<sup>-5</sup> S cm<sup>-1</sup> ) compared to its rapid kinetic analogue, Tam-Bdca-COP (2.1×10<sup>-5</sup> S cm<sup>-1</sup> ), which signifies the advantage of bonding-engineering in the same system.
Hydrogen evolution from water using heteroatom substituted fluorene conjugated co-polymers (2020)

The photocatalytic performance of fluorene-type polymer photocatalysts for hydrogen production from water in the presence of a sacrificial hole scavenger is significantly improved by the incorporation of heteroatoms into the bridge-head through a combination of factors.
O1–10–06: Localized cerebral atrophy acceleration during Alzheimer's disease (2013)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multi-focal disease. The diagnostic capabilities of an atrophy estimation pipeline depend on how well the accelerated volume changes in these complex brain structures are captured from structural MRIs. ADNI recently recommended a standardized 24-month dataset. In this study, we examine whether the already established accelerated atrophy rate observations in AD patients can be found on this dataset using a registration-based cube propagation atrophy estimation pipeline and report significant volume changes. A subset of 504 1.5T MRI subjects from the ADNI database (baseline, month 12 and month 24), recently recommended by ADNI, was used (Baseline: 169 NC, 234 MCI, 101 AD). FreeSurfer was used to segment 42 cerebral structures. We used the non-rigid registration-based cube propagation technology that has shown more sensitivity to differences in atrophy than other registration-based techniques such as Jacobian integration to compute localized atrophy. Robust statistics in terms of Wilcoxon's ranksum test and Cohen's d was used for evaluating differences in atrophy rates between NC and AD. These statistics are computed on the average atrophy over 24 months. Table 1 shows NC and AD atrophy/expansion rates (mean±std) in the important regions with descending order of significance (p-value) in increased volume change in AD patients. Figure 1 shows a bar plot of the NC and AD atrophy/expansion rates in the top 15 regions with significant volume change acceleration in descending significant acceleration order. In accordance with several studies, AD patients show significantly increased atrophy rates in the medial temporal lobe, cerebral cortex and significant expansions were found in the ventricular region. In addition, significantly increased expansion rates were also found in white matter hyperintensities (WMH). Expansions in WMH have been hypothesized to be a factor in the onset of AD.
Zielorientierte Anwendung sprachaudiometrischer Verfahren: Bewertung der aktuellen Publikationsqualität (2018)

Neben der Reintonaudiometrie als Standard zur Bewertung von Hörerfolgen, sind sprachaudiometrische Parameter unabdingbar, um Rückschlüsse auf das Sprachverstehen zu ziehen. Aufgrund der internationalen Diversität sprachaudiometrischer Testungen gab es Bestrebungen der AAO-HNS eine Vereinheitlichung der sprachaudiometrischen Zielparameter zu erzielen (Gurgel 2012), wobei das prozentuale Sprachverstehen (WRS) bei 40 dB über der individuellen Sprachverstehensschwelle als Outcomeparameter definiert wurde.
C102 Experimental Study of Supercharged HCCI Engine Operating on DME (2008)

Supercharging the intake air is one of the effective methods for increase the operating load of Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) engine. In this study, the influence of boosting the intake air pressure on combustion characteristics of HCCI engine fueled with dimethyl ether (DME) was investigated. The experimental results revealed that the combustion became more moderate with boosting the intake air pressure because recombination reaction of CO and 0 becomes gradually and the operating load extended more upper load ranges. However, too much increase of intake pressure decreases the combustion efficiency because the decrease in the maximum gas temperature in cylinder.
Loss of intestinal core 1–derived O-glycans causes spontaneous colitis in mice (2011)

Mucin-type O-linked oligosaccharides (O-glycans) are primary components of the intestinal mucins that form the mucus gel layer overlying the gut epithelium. Impaired expression of intestinal O-glycans has been observed in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), but its role in the etiology of this disease is unknown. Here, we report that mice with intestinal epithelial cell-specific deficiency of core 1-derived O-glycans, the predominant form of O-glycans, developed spontaneous colitis that resembled human UC, including massive myeloid infiltrates and crypt abscesses. The colitis manifested in these mice was also characterized by TNF-producing myeloid infiltrates in colon mucosa in the absence of lymphocytes, supporting an essential role for myeloid cells in colitis initiation. Furthermore, induced deletion of intestinal core 1-derived O-glycans caused spontaneous colitis in adult mice. These data indicate a causal role for the loss of core 1-derived O-glycans in colitis. Finally, we detected a biosynthetic intermediate typically exposed in the absence of core 1 O-glycan, Tn antigen, in the colon epithelium of a subset of UC patients. Somatic mutations in the X-linked gene that encodes core 1 β1,3-galactosyltransferase-specific chaperone 1 (C1GALT1C1, also known as Cosmc), which is essential for core 1 O-glycosylation, were found in Tn-positive epithelia. These data suggest what we believe to be a new molecular mechanism for the pathogenesis of UC.
Characterization and biological properties of a new staphylococcal exotoxin. (1994)

Staphylococcus aureus strain D4508 is a toxic shock syndrome toxin 1-negative clinical isolate from a nonmenstrual case of toxic shock syndrome (TSS). In the present study, we have purified and characterized a new exotoxin from the extracellular products of this strain. This toxin was found to have a molecular mass of 25.14 kD by mass spectrometry and an isoelectric point of 5.65 by isoelectric focusing. We have also cloned and sequenced its corresponding genomic determinant. The DNA sequence encoding the mature protein was found to be 654 base pairs and is predicted to encode a polypeptide of 218 amino acids. The deduced protein contains an NH2-terminal sequence identical to that of the native protein. The calculated molecular weight (25.21 kD) of the recombinant mature protein is also consistent with that of the native molecules. When injected intravenously into rabbits, both the native and recombinant toxins induce an acute TSS-like illness characterized by high fever, hypotension, diarrhea, shock, and in some cases death, with classical histological findings of TSS. Furthermore, the activity of the toxin is specifically enhanced by low quantities of endotoxins. The toxicity can be blocked by rabbit immunoglobulin G antibody specific for the toxin. Western blotting and DNA sequencing data confirm that the protein is a unique staphylococcal exotoxin, yet shares significant sequence homology with known staphylococcal enterotoxins, especially the SEA, SED, and SEE toxins. We conclude therefore that this 25-kD protein belongs to the staphylococcal enterotoxin gene family that is capable of inducing a TSS-like illness in rabbits.
Quantification of Diaphragm Mechanics in Pompe Disease Using Dynamic 3D MRI (2016)

Dynamic 3D MRI provides data for analyzing the contribution of both diaphragm and thoracic muscles independently. The proposed image analysis method has the potential to detect less severe diaphragm weakness and could thus be used to determine the optimal start of treatment in adult patients with Pompe disease in prospect of increased treatment response.
Complete condensation of photon noise in nonlinear dissipative systems (2021)

Fock states are the most fundamental quantum states of bosonic fields, forming an important basis for understanding their quantum dynamics. As energy and number eigenstates, they have an exactly defined number of quanta, and most faithfully express the particle nature of fields. These properties make them attractive for many applications in metrology, and quantum simulation and information processing. Yet, Fock states are notoriously difficult to generate. The problem is especially acute in optics, where it is difficult to deterministically produce Fock states with more than a single photon, let alone at macroscopic scales. This is in part due to a dearth of mechanisms to produce large Fock states, as well as the deleterious effects of linear dissipation. Here, we introduce a new effect in the physics of nonlinear bosons, arising from the interplay of dissipation and Kerr nonlinearity. In this effect, a nonlinear resonance is dissipationless when it has a particular number of quanta (e.g., photons) inside it, and lossy otherwise. This loss, which results from nonlinear interference, leads to several new quantum statistical effects. For example, it leads to spontaneous condensation of intensity noise, which may enable generation of large Fock and extremely photon-number-squeezed states of light. We also show how this effect has implications for new classes of optoelectronic devices such as lasers, which can stabilize extremely low-noise states in an equilibrium between gain and the nonlinear loss that we introduce. Throughout the text, we present examples of systems that may realize these effects. In one, we show how the nonlinear dissipation could lead to optical Fock states of $n=1000$, while in another, we show how conventional laser architectures could be used to generate macroscopic light ($&gt;10^{12}$ photons) with nearly 95% less noise than the standard quantum limit.
Visual Analogue Self-Assessment of Acute Mountain Sickness in Adolescents: Experience from Two Himalayan Expeditions (2012)

Whilst adolescents are capable of self-monitoring for AMS using VAS, the relationship with LLS is distorted. The LLS, despite its limitations, therefore remains the preferred method for the self-assessment of AMS in adolescents.
User experiences with activity-based navigation on mobile devices (2010)

We introduce activity-based navigation, which uses human activities derived from sensor data to help people navigate, in particular to retrace a "trail" previously taken by that person or another person. Such trails may include step counts, walking up/down stairs or taking elevators, compass directions, and photos taken along a user's path, in addition to absolute positioning (GPS and maps) when available. To explore the user experience of activity-based navigation, we built Greenfield, a mobile device interface for finding a car. We conducted a ten participant user study comparing users' ability to find cars across three different presentations of activity-based information as well as verbal instructions. Our results show that activity-based navigation can be used for car finding and suggest its promise more generally for supporting navigation tasks. We present lessons for future activity-based navigation interfaces, and motivate further work in this space, particularly in the area of robust activity inference.
Electrical Properties of Solution-Deposited ZnO Thin-Film Transistors by Low-Temperature Annealing (2014)

Flexible oxide thin-film transistors (Oxide-TFTs) have emerged as next generation transistors because of their applicability in electronic device. In particular, the major driving force behind solution-processed zinc oxide film research is its prospective use in printing for electronics. A low-temperature process to improve the performance of solution-processed n-channel ZnO thin-film transistors (TFTs) fabricated via spin-coating and inkjet-printing is introduced here. ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized using a facile sonochemical method that was slightly modified based on a previously reported method. The influence of the annealing atmosphere on both nanoparticle-based TFT devices fabricated via spin-coating and those created via inkjet printing was investigated. For the inkjet-printed TFTs, the characteristics were improved significantly at an annealing temperature of 150 degrees C. The field effect mobility, V(th), and the on/off current ratios were 3.03 cm2/Vs, -3.3 V, and 10(4), respectively. These results indicate that annealing at 150 degrees C 1 h is sufficient to obtain a mobility (μ(sat)) as high as 3.03 cm2/Vs. Also, the active layer of the solution-based ZnO nanoparticles allowed the production of high-performance TFTs for low-cost, large-area electronics and flexible devices.