gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biological Rhythms in the Skin (2016)

Circadian rhythms, ≈24 h oscillations in behavior and physiology, are reflected in all cells of the body and function to optimize cellular functions and meet environmental challenges associated with the solar day. This multi-oscillatory network is entrained by the master pacemaker located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus, which directs an organism's rhythmic expression of physiological functions and behavior via a hierarchical system. This system has been highly conserved throughout evolution and uses transcriptional-translational autoregulatory loops. This master clock, following environmental cues, regulates an organism's sleep pattern, body temperature, cardiac activity and blood pressure, hormone secretion, oxygen consumption and metabolic rate. Mammalian peripheral clocks and clock gene expression have recently been discovered and are present in all nucleated cells in our body. Like other essential organ of the body, the skin also has cycles that are informed by this master regulator. In addition, skin cells have peripheral clocks that can function autonomously. First described in 2000 for skin, this review summarizes some important aspects of a rapidly growing body of research in circadian and ultradian (an oscillation that repeats multiple times during a 24 h period) cutaneous rhythms, including clock mechanisms, functional manifestations, and stimuli that entrain or disrupt normal cycling. Some specific relationships between disrupted clock signaling and consequences to skin health are discussed in more depth in the other invited articles in this IJMS issue on Sleep, Circadian Rhythm and Skin.
Receptor-activated Ca2+ influx. Two independently regulated mechanisms of influx stimulation coexist in neurosecretory PC12 cells. (1992)

Receptor-activated Ca2+ influx was investigated in PC12 cells clones loaded with fura-2. Cells were stimulated in a Ca(2+)-free medium and studied after reintroduction of the cation or addition of Mn2+ into the medium. A first influx component, independent of receptor activation and sustained by depletion of the intracellular inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate sensitive Ca2+ store (store-dependent Ca2+ influx, SDCI), was identified by experiments with carbachol followed by atropine and with agents that induce store discharge without polyphosphoinositide hydrolysis: thapsigargin, an inhibitor of Ca(2+)-ATPase activity; ryanodine and caffeine, activators of the ryanodine receptor. A second component of Ca2+ influx, induced by carbachol and rapidly blocked by atropine, relies on receptor-effector coupling via G protein(s) different from that (those) involved in phospholipase C activation. SDCI and receptor-coupled influx are similar in their voltage dependence and insensitivity to forskolin and phorbol esters but they differ with respect to their Mn2+ permeability and their sensitivity to the SC 38249 imidazole blocker. The two components might play different roles. SDCI might act as a safety device to prevent Ca2+ store depletion whereas receptor-dependent influx might control physiological functions such as secretion and growth.
Microreactor System for High-Pressure Continuous Flow Homogeneous Catalysis Measurements (2011)

A high-pressure gas–liquid system is presented for determining homogeneous catalyst kinetic parameters. Microreactors enable segmented flow with very predictable gas–liquid contacting, reducing the effects of mass transfer as well as facilitating isothermal operation. The system is capable of studying homogeneous catalysis at high temperature and pressure (<350 °C and <100 bar) under continuous flow. By varying the pressure, temperature, and concentrations of both gas and liquid species, it is possible to determine kinetic parameters. Both inline and offline analyses are performed using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy and gas chromatography (GC). The hydroformylation of 1-octene is studied to demonstrate the utility of this microreactor system as a laboratory tool for kinetic measurements. The system is capable of providing both parameter estimation and mechanistic insight. A discussion is also included that explores the types of chemical systems that can be studied practically in microreactors.
Palmitoyl-protein thioesterase-1 deficiency mediates the activation of the unfolded protein response and neuronal apoptosis in INCL (2005)

Numerous proteins undergo modification by palmitic acid (S-acylation) for their biological functions including signal transduction, vesicular transport and maintenance of cellular architecture. Although palmitoylation is an essential modification, these proteins must also undergo depalmitoylation for their degradation by lysosomal proteases. Palmitoyl-protein thioesterase-1 (PPT1), a lysosomal enzyme, cleaves thioester linkages in S-acylated proteins and removes palmitate residues facilitating the degradation of these proteins. Thus, inactivating mutations in the PPT1 gene cause infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (INCL), a devastating neurodegenerative storage disorder of childhood. Although rapidly progressing brain atrophy is the most dramatic pathological manifestation of INCL, the molecular mechanism(s) remains unclear. Using PPT1-knockout (PPT1-KO) mice that mimic human INCL, we report here that the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in the brain cells of these mice is structurally abnormal. Further, we demonstrate that the level of growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43), a palmitoylated neuronal protein, is elevated in the brains of PPT1-KO mice. Moreover, forced expression of GAP-43 in PPT1-deficient cells results in the abnormal accumulation of this protein in the ER. Consistent with these results, we found evidence for the activation of unfolded protein response (UPR) marked by elevated levels of phosphorylated translation initiation factor, eIF2alpha, increased expression of chaperone proteins such as glucose-regulated protein-78 and activation of caspase-12, a cysteine proteinase in the ER, mediating caspase-3 activation and apoptosis. Our results, for the first time, link PPT1 deficiency with the activation of UPR, apoptosis and neurodegeneration in INCL and identify potential targets for therapeutic intervention in this uniformly fatal disease.
Ferro-, Ferri-, Antiferroelectric and TGB Phases Created by Chiral Twin Liquid Crystals (2002)

Chiral twin compounds, possessing two chiral moieties in such a way that the chiral centres are located at the both peripheral sides of a molecular twin structure, have been prepared and the liquid-crystalline properties investigated. The chiral twins showed stable ferrielectric and antiferroelectric phases. A twist grain boundary phase was found to appear by mixing the twin and the analogous monomer. Keywords: FerroelectricAntiferroelectricFerrielectricTwist Grain BoundaryChiralTwin
Probing Surface Basicity of Solid Acids with an Aminobenzodifurandione Dye as the Solvatochromic Probe (2005)

Solvatochromism and sorptiochromism of the dye 3-(4-amino-3-methylphenyl)-7-phenyl-benzo1,2b:4,5b'difuran-2,6-dione (1) are studied with an extended set of solvents and various solid acids including silicas, aluminas, and alumosilicates. 1 shows a positive solvatochromism with increasing basicity and dipolarity/polarizability of the solvent; its solvent-induced bathochromic UV-vis absorption band shift ranges from formic acid (upsilon(max) = 21 630 cm(-1)) to hexamethylphosphoric acid triamide (upsilon(max) = 14 200 cm(-1)). Multiple square analyses of upsilon(max) of the solvent-dependent solvatochromic UV-vis absorption band of 1 with several empirical solvent polarity parameters prove that a composite of basicity, acidity, and dipolarity/polarizability of the environment must be taken into account. For the analysis of the solvent-dependent UV-vis shift of 1, the Kamlet-Taft and Catalan solvent parameters have been evaluated. It could be shown that the Catalan solvent parameter set is more suitable to reflect multiple solvation processes involving both strong basic and strong acidic solvents. Quantum chemical calculations indicate that an interaction of the silanol oxygen atom with the protons of the amino group is clearly favored over various acidic attacks of silanol groups upon 1. Accordingly, surface basicity of silica, alumina, and alumosilicates can be determined using the linear solvation energy relationship derived from the solvent-dependent UV-vis band of 1. An unambiguous interpretation of the UV-vis spectroscopic data of 1 adsorbed on surfaces containing Lewis-acid sites is sometimes difficult. UV-vis monitoring of 1-loaded solid acids during surface titration with 2,6-di-tert-butyl pyridine allows the discrimination of whether Brønsted- or Lewis-acid sites interfere with 1. Additionally, adsorbed water has an important influence on the actual surface basicity of solid acids. 1 is recommended as a sensitive probe for checking both basicity and acidity when directly compared with solvatochromism of the established hydrogen-bond-donating indicator (cis-dicyano)bis(1,10-phenanthroline)iron(II) (2).
Dual-view microscopy with a single camera: real-time imaging of molecular orientations and calcium. (1991)

A new microscope technique, termed "W" (double view video) microscopy, enables simultaneous observation of two different images of an object through a single video camera or by eye. The image pair may, for example, be transmission and fluorescence, fluorescence at different wavelengths, or mutually perpendicular components of polarized fluorescence. Any video microscope can be converted into a dual imager by simple insertion of a small optical device. The continuous appearance of the dual image assures the best time resolution in existing and future video microscopes. As an application, orientations of actin protomers in individual, moving actin filaments have been imaged at the video rate. Asymmetric calcium influxes into a cell exposed to an intense electric pulse have also been visualized.
Mobile texting (2012)

The next big step in embedded, mobile speech recognition will be to allow completely free input as it is needed for messaging like SMS or email. However, unconstrained dictation remains error-prone, especially when the environment is noisy. In this paper, we compare different methods for improving a given free-text dictation system used to enter textbased messages in embedded mobile scenarios, where distraction, interaction cost, and hardware limitations enforce strict constraints over traditional scenarios. We present a corpus-based evaluation, measuring the trade-off between improvement of the word error rate versus the interaction steps that are required under various parameters. Results show that by post-processing the output of a "black box" speech recognizer (e.g. a web-based speech recognition service), a reduction of word error rate by 55% (10.3% abs.) can be obtained. For further error reduction, however, a richer representation of the original hypotheses (e.g. lattice) is necessary.
Imaging the Kidney (2006)

Progress in imaging technologies has provided extremely powerful tools to address clinically and biologically important questions in whole organ studies. Parallel to this, advances in molecular probes, transgenic approaches and new delivery techniques have allowed for the development of intravital studies that can follow and quantify events with en
Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals (2008)

Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/title~content=t713644168 Effects of Dielectric Relaxation on the Dynamics and Dielectric Heating of Nematic Liquid Crystals Sergij V. Shiyanovskii a; Andrii B. Golovin a; Ye Yin a; Oleg D. Lavrentovich a a Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Kent State University, Kent, OH
4 Junction dilute nitride solar cell optimization: Comparing current matching approaches in detailed balance algorithms (2013)

The optimization of quadruple junction solar cell designs in the detailed balance limit via an equivalent circuit model for each sub-cell is explored using spectral sharing from three perspectives: (i) current matching at short circuit current (as per etaOpt software), (ii) corrected current matching at short circuit current and (iii) unconstrained short-circuit currents. At 1-sun illumination (968 W/m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ), we report an efficiency increase of 1.3% absolute for the second current matching approach over the first, solely due to an increase in fill factor. For concentrated illumination at 1000 suns, the efficiency increase becomes 1.6% absolute.
Multilayered thin film structures as photonic temperature sensors (2006)

Thin multilayered films fabricated by magnetron sputtering were built and tested as passive optical elements for the measurement of temperature variations. They were studied for their performance and integrated into photonic temperature sensors because they can be remotely operated, which is advantageous in harsh environments, and they are immune to electromagnetic interference (EMI).
CVD-Growth of In-Situ Contacted Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2003)

We report on the CVD‐growth of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and their electrical characterization. Growth between catalyst covered Mo‐pads yields in‐situ contacted SWCNTs. With this approach, only one level of conventional photolithography is required to obtain SWCNTs ready for field‐effect measurements. The SWCNT yield depends strongly on the catalyst composition and growth conditions, which have been investigated over a wide range. The growth of isolated SWCNTs in lithographically defined holes is also demonstrated. This is the first step towards the realization of surrounding gate vertical SWCNT field‐effect transistors (VCNTFET), which are expected to outperform future silicon‐based devices.
Eosinophils Negatively Regulate Eosinophilopoiesis by Decreasing IL-5 Levels (1996)

The effect of mature eosinophils on eosinophilopoiesis was studied. Mature eosinophils decreased the interleukin-5 (IL-5) level after incubation with IL-5 and suppressed IL-5 release from non-adherent mononuclear cells. These findings suggest that eosinophils negatively regulate eosinophilopoiesis by decreasing the IL-5 level.
Extending Database Accelerators for Data Transformations and Predictive Analytics (2016)

The IBM DB2 Analytics Accelerator (IDAA) integrates the strong OLTP capabilities of DB2 for z/OS with very fast processing of OLAP workloads using Netezza technology. The accelerator is attached to DB2 as analytical processing resource { completely transparent for user applications. But all data modications must be carried out by DB2 and are replicated to the accelerator internally. However, this behavior is not optimized for ELT processing and predictive analytics or data mining workloads where multi-staged data transformations are involved. We present our work for extending IDAA with accelerator-only tables, which enable direct data transformations without any necessary interventions by DB2. Further, we present a framework for executing arbitrary in-database analytics operations on the accelerator while ensuring data governance aspects like privilege management on DB2 and allowing to ingest data from any other source directly to the accelerator to enrich analytics e. g., with social media data. The evolutionary framework design maintains compatibility with existing infrastructure and applications, a must-have for the majority of customers, while allowing complex analytics beyond read-only reporting.
Innovation in Noise Mapping in Natural Gas Compressor Stations (2010)

Noise is generated at gas turbine-based compressor stations from a number of sources, including turbomachinery (gas turbines and compressors), airflow through inlet ducts and scrubbers, exhaust stacks, aerial coolers, and auxiliary systems. Understanding these noise sources is necessary to ensure that the working conditions on site are safe and that the audible noise at neighbouring properties is acceptable. Each noise source has different frequency content, and the overall sound pressure level (OSPL) at any location in the station yard or inside the compressor building is the result of a superposition of these noise sources. This paper presents results of multiple-point spectral noise measurements at three of TransCanada’s compressor stations on the Alberta System. A method is described to determine the overall noise map of the station yard using Delaunay Triangulation and Natural-Neighbour Interpolation techniques. The results are presented in OSPL maps, as well as animated pictures of the sound pressure level (SPL) in frequency domain which will be shown on a video at the conference. The latter will be useful in future work to determine the culprit sources and the respective dominant frequency range that contributes the most to the OSPL.
Strong Exciton-Photon Coupling and Exciton Hybridization in a Thermally Evaporated Polycrystalline Film of an Organic Small Molecule (2004)

We demonstrate strong exciton-photon coupling in an optical microcavity containing a thermally evaporated polycrystalline organic thin film. Microcavity polaritons result from coupling between the 0-0 excitonic transition of 3,4,7,8 napthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride and a cavity photon. For thicker films, the 0-1 transition also couples to the cavity mode, as vibronic relaxation is overcome by the short Rabi period for strong coupling. To our knowledge, this is the first report of strong coupling between a cavity photon and multiple vibronic transitions in a single material, made possible by the pronounced vibronic absorption features characteristic of crystalline organic materials.
Topologically Enabled Optical Nanomotors (2017)

Shaping the topology of light, by way of spin or orbital angular momentum engineering, is a powerful tool to manipulate matter on the nanoscale.Conventionally, such methods focus on shaping the incident beam of light and not the full interaction between the light and the object to be manipulated.We theoretically show that tailoring the topology of the phase space of the light particle interaction is a fundamentally more versatile approach, enabling dynamics that may not be achievable by shaping of the light alone.In this manner, we find that optically asymmetric (Janus) particles can become stable nanoscale motors even in a light field with zero angular momentum.These precessing steady states arise from topologically protected anticrossing behavior of the vortices of the optical torque vector field.Furthermore, by varying the wavelength of the incident light, we can control the number, orientations, and the stability of the spinning states.These results show that the combination of phase-space topology and particle asymmetry can provide a powerful degree of freedom in designing nanoparticles for optimal external manipulation in a range of nano-optomechanical applications.
Cross-Lingual Relation Extraction with Transformers (2020)

Relation extraction (RE) is one of the most important tasks in information extraction, as it provides essential information for many NLP applications. In this paper, we propose a cross-lingual RE approach that does not require any human annotation in a target language or any cross-lingual resources. Building upon unsupervised cross-lingual representation learning frameworks, we develop several deep Transformer based RE models with a novel encoding scheme that can effectively encode both entity location and entity type information. Our RE models, when trained with English data, outperform several deep neural network based English RE models. More importantly, our models can be applied to perform zero-shot cross-lingual RE, achieving the state-of-the-art cross-lingual RE performance on two datasets (68-89% of the accuracy of the supervised target-language RE model). The high cross-lingual transfer efficiency without requiring additional training data or cross-lingual resources shows that our RE models are especially useful for low-resource languages.
A DKP Cyclo(L-Phe-L-Phe) Found in Chicken Essence Is a Dual Inhibitor of the Serotonin Transporter and Acetylcholinesterase (2012)

Diketopiperazines (DKPs) are naturally-occurring cyclic dipeptides with a small structure and are found in many organisms and in large amounts in some foods and beverages. We found that a chicken essence beverage, which is popular among Southeast Asians as a traditional remedy and a rich source of DKPs, inhibited the serotonin transporter (SERT) and suppressed serotonin uptake from rat brain synaptosomes, which prompted us to isolate and identify the active substance(s). We purified a SERT inhibitor from the chicken essence beverage and identified it as the DKP cyclo(L-Phe-L-Phe). Interestingly, it was a naturally occurring dual inhibitor that inhibited both SERT and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in vitro. The DKP increased extracellular levels of the cerebral monoamines serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine in the medial prefrontal cortex and acetylcholine in the ventral hippocampus of freely moving rats when administered orally. Moreover, cyclo(L-Phe-L-Phe) significantly shortened escape latency in the water maze test in depressed mice previously subjected to a repeated open-space swimming task, which induces a depression-like state. Cyclo(L-Phe-L-Phe) also significantly improved accuracy rates in a radial maze test in rats and increased step-through latencies in a passive avoidance test in mice with scopolamine-induced amnesia. These animal test results suggest that cyclo(L-Phe-L-Phe), which is present abundantly in some foods such as chicken essence, may abrogate the onset of depression and, thus, contribute to preventing the development of Alzheimer's disease and other dementia, because senile depression is a risk factor for dementia.
Computer-generated holograms of three-dimensional objects synthesized from their multiple angular viewpoints (2003)

Synthesizing computer-generated holograms (CGHs) of a general three-dimensional (3D) object is usually a heavy computational task. We propose and demonstrate a new algorithm for computing CGHs of 3D objects. In our scheme, many different angular projections of computer-designed 3D objects are numerically processed to yield a single two-dimensional complex matrix. This matrix is equivalent to the complex amplitude of a wave front on the rear focal plane of a spherical lens when the object is located near the front focal point and illuminated by a plane wave. Therefore the computed matrix can be used as a CGH after it is encoded to a real positive-valued transparency. When such CGH is illuminated by a plane wave, a 3D real image of the objects is constructed. The number of computer operations are equivalent to those of a two-dimensional Fourier CGH. Computer and optical constructions of 3D objects, both of which show the feasibility of the proposed approach, are described.
Performance Characterization of Reactive Visual Systems (2015)

We consider the class of projector-camera systems that adaptively image and illuminate a dynamic environment. Examples include adaptive front lighting in vehicles, dynamic stage performance lighting, adaptive dynamic range imaging and volumetric displays. A simulator is developed to explore the design space of such Reactive Visual Systems. Simulations are conducted to characterize system performance by analyzing the effects of end-to-end latency, jitter, and prediction algorithm complexity. Key operating points are identified where systems with simple prediction algorithms can outperform systems with more complex prediction algorithms. Based on the lessons learned from simulations, a low latency and low jitter, tight closed-loop reactive visual system is built. For the first time, we measure end-to-end latency, perform jitter analysis, investigate various prediction algorithms and their effect on system performance, compare our system's performance to previous work, and demonstrate dis-illumination of falling snow-like particles and photography of fast moving scenes.