gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Implantation Metastasis of Lung Cancer to Chest Wall after Percutaneous Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy (2001)

The implatnation of malignant cells along the needle tract is an extremely rare complication after a percutaneous fine-needle aspiration biopsy(FNAB). However, it is very serious and may result in a change in the prognosis of lung cancer, especially in the curable early stage(T1-2,N0,M0). Recently, we experienced two cases of such complications. A 43 years old female underwent a fine needle aspiration biopsy and a right middle lobectomy with adjuvant chemotherapy due to an adenocarcinoma(T2N0M0). Two years later, a new tumor developed at the site of the needle aspiration biopsy. It had the same pathological findings as the previous lung cancer. Therefore, it was concluded to be an implantation metastasis, and she was treated successfully by a right pneumonectomy and a resection of the chest wall mall with adjuvant radiotherapy. In another case, a 62 years old man was diagnosed with squamous cell lung cancer by a fine needle aspiration biopsy and underwent a right upper lobectomy(T2N0M0) with adjuvant chemotherapy. eight months later, a protruding chest wall mass developed at the aspiration site. It showed the same pathological findings as the previous lung cancer. Consequently, a total excision of the mass with adjuvant radiotherapy was done. Two years after the second operation, although the right lung was intace a metachronous squamous cell lung cancer was found at the left lower lobe. The two patients were still alive 15 and 37 months after thenresection of the chest wall mass, respectively.
Power dependent photoluminescence of lateral quantum dot molecules: Indication of extended electron states (2006)

Abstract Excitation power density dependent photoluminescence (PL) measurements of an ensemble of ordered lateral quantum dot (QD) molecules containing on average 4 and 8 QDs are carried out. Asymmetric broadening of the PL spectra is observed with increasing excitation power density which is stronger for 8 QDs per molecule than for 4 QDs. In addition, a shift of the PL peak to higher energies occurs. In p‐type modulation‐doped QD molecules the asymmetric broadening and high‐energy shift are enhanced. N‐type modulation‐doped QD molecules exhibit a square‐shaped PL spectrum, resembling that of modulation‐doped quantum wells. These findings are consistently explained by state filling in the presence of extended electron states due to lateral electronic coupling of the QDs within the molecules forming a quasi two‐dimensional density of states. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
I-101 Quaternary contact improves the potency of broadly neutralizing antibodies to the CD4-binding site of HIV-1 (2019)

Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAb) directly cloned from HIV-infected individuals are attracting increasing consideration for the prevention and treatment of HIV-1 infection. We recently reported the identification of a second, quaternary CD4-binding site (CD4-BS) in the native HIV-1 envelope trimer, showing that selected anti-CD4BS NAbs also establish quaternary interactions with a neighboring gp120 protomer through the extended framework 3 (FR3) loop of their heavy chain. In contrast, some potent bNAbs like VRC01 and N6 contain a shorter FR3 loop and appear to interact with a single gp120 protomer. Here, we used structure-based engineering to engraft the extended FR3 loop of VRC03 onto 4 potent anti-CD4 supersite antibodies, namely, VRC01, VRC07, N6 and 3BNC117, with the aim of enabling them to contact an adjacent gp120 promoter. With the exception of 3BNC117, all the chimeric antibodies showed an enhanced neutralizing capacity against the majority of a large HIV-1 envelope panel (208 strains), which correlated with an increased binding affinity for the pre-fusion envelope trimer. The crystal structure of one engineered antibody, N6 FR3-03, was solved in complex with a soluble stabilized trimer, BG505 SOSIP.664, which allowed to visualize the quaternary interaction of the engrafted FR3 loop with residues at the base of the V3 loop of a neighboring gp120 protomer. Thus, engraftment of the VRC03 FR3 loop enabled potent anti-CD4BS antibodies to establish quaternary contact with a neighboring protomer of the HIV-1 Env timer, leading to increased neutralization potency. FR3 loop-chimeric bNAbs may be considered for applications in HIV-1 prevention and treatment.
Piezoelectric Resonant MEMS (2015)

This chapter provides a brief introduction to the concept of piezoelectricity and reviews the most relevant properties of thin-film piezoelectric materials used for the making of resonant MEMS devices. In an attempt to provide a relatively broad description of resonant piezoelectric MEMS, a simplified and generalized equivalent model for a piezoelectric resonator is derived and used to describe the most important parameters that affect the device response. Finally, some practical examples of vibrating piezoelectric beams and plates are presented. Simplified analytical models of these structures are derived to describe the device behavior. Experimental data of demonstrated devices based on these conceptual models and using different classes of piezoelectric materials are also introduced to highlight the broad applicability of the piezoelectric thin-film technology.
Educational Virtual Instrumentation Application for System Identification (2006)

The PC based virtual instrumentation is a dynamic and attractive alternative to the classic instrumentation. Its main advantages are: flexibility and adaptability, low cost, wide development of extension PC boards with measurements features, attractive representation of measurement results, in different forms, on the PC's monitor. The paper presents a system identification application with PC based (virtual) instrumentation. The virtual system is made of an external board, connected to the PC via the USB interface and a software tool, Agilent VEE (Visual Engineering Environment). The presented virtual system can work as a voltmeter, ammeter, signal generator, digital oscilloscope and power supply. The main contribution of the paper is the extension of the application domain of the virtual instrumentation system to system identification. The identification method consists of applying to the system input a binary pseudorandom signal (BPRS) and determining the impulse response of the system as being well approximated by the cross-correlation function between the input signal and the answer of the system. The application is intended for educational purposes but can be used in other areas too
<title>Computing the central path of colon lumen in helical CT images</title> (1998)

We present an efficient algorithm for calculating the central path of a computer-generated colon model created from helical computed tomography image data. The central path is an essential aid for navigating through complex anatomy such as the colon. Our algorithm involves three steps. In the first step, we generate a 3D skeleton of the binary colon volume using a fast topological thinning algorithm. In the second step, we employ a graph search algorithm to remove extra loops and branches. These loops and branches are caused by holes in the object which are artifacts produced during image segmentation. In the final step, we compute a smooth representation of the central path by approximating the skeleton with cubic B-splines. This final step is necessary because the skeleton contains many abrupt changes in direction due to the discrete nature of image data. The user supplies two endpoints for the central path; otherwise, the algorithm is fully automated. Experimental results demonstrate that the algorithm is not only efficient but also robust. Use of this method in virtual endoscopy systems should have widespread clinical implications.
Role of Programmed Ventricular Stimulation and Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators in Patients with Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy and Syncope (2001)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of programmed ventricular stimulation and ICDs in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy and syncope. Between 1990 and 1998, 54 (mean age 67+/-11 years, 76% men) patients presented with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy and syncope. An electrophysiological study was done in 37 of the 54 patients: 10 had inducible sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia, 12 had conduction system disease or neurocardiogenic syncope, and 15 had a normal study. Overall, 17 patients received an ICD, 15 patients received a pacemaker, and 22 patients received no device. Nine of the 15 patients with a negative electrophysiological study eventually received an ICD: 3 because they were considered high risk and 6 because of recurrent syncope or presyncope. In the 17 patients who received an ICD, incidence of appropriate shocks at 1 and 3 years was 47% and 74%, respectively, in the inducible sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia group, and 40% and 40%, respectively, in the group without inducible sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (P = 0.29, log-rank test). In conclusion, programmed ventricular stimulation is not useful in risk stratification of patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy and syncope and may delay necessary ICD implantation.
Supplementary material from "Schlieren photography on freely flying hawkmoth" (2018)

The aerodynamic force on flying insects result from the vortical flow structures that vary both spatially and temporally throughout flight (Srygley, Thomas 2002 <i>Nature</i> <b>420</b>, 660–664; Henningsson <i>et al.</i> 2015 <i>J. R. Soc. Interface</i> <b>12</b>, 20150119; Lua <i>et al</i>. 2010 <i>Exp. Fluids</i> <b>49</b>, 1263–1291; Dickinson <i>et al.</i> 1999 <i>Science</i> <b>284</b>, 1954–1960). Due to these complexities and the inherent difficulties in studying flying insects in a natural setting, a complete picture of the vortical flow has been difficult to obtain experimentally (Van den Berg, Ellington 1997 <i>Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B</i> <b>352</b>, 317–328; Liu <i>et al</i>. 1998 <i>J. Exp. Biol.</i> <b>201</b>, 461–477; Bomphrey <i>et al</i>. 2006 <i>Exp. Fluids</i> <b>40</b>, 546–554). In this paper, <i>Schlieren</i>, a widely used technique for highspeed flow visualization (Settles 2011 <i>Schlieren and shadowgraph techniques</i>), was adapted to capture the vortex structures around freely flying hawkmoth (<i>Manduca</i>). Flow features such as leading-edge vortex, trailing-edge vortex as well as the full vortex system in the wake was visualized directly. Quantification of the flow from the <i>Schlieren</i> images was then obtained by applying a physics-based optical flow method (Liu, Shen 2013 <i>J. Fluid Mech.</i> <b>614</b>, 253–291), extending the potential applications of the method to further studies of flying insects.
A Low-Threshold Bistable Device for Energy Scavenging From Wideband Mechanical Vibrations (2018)

In this paper, the results of the investigations on a system for energy harvesting from wideband vibrations are presented. The harvester adopts a nonlinear snap-through buckling configuration and two piezoelectric transducers, placed near the inflection points of the potential energy function that underpins the dynamics of the system. The device is capable of scavenging energy from vibration sources in the range of 0.5-7 Hz, but could be exploited up to 10 Hz with an acceptable loss of efficiency. The bandwidth of the device is compatible with applications where the vibrations occur at low frequencies, e.g., in the case of a running human. Powers of about 416 μW with root-mean-square accelerations of 13.35 m/s <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> at 7 Hz and an efficiency of about 24.6% have been measured in case of a sinusoidal vibration while powers of about 250 μW and an efficiency of about 15.7%, have been measured in case of a noise input limited at 15 Hz, with a standard deviation of the accelerations of about 15.1 m/s <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The performance of the harvester is compared with a different configuration where the piezoelectric transducers are placed at the two minima of the (bistable) potential energy function that underpins the dynamics; the minima correspond to the stable states of the beam.
Enhanced field-of-view high-resolution lattice light sheet microscopy with phased array beam formers (2021)

The data acquisition speed of point scanning microscopy techniques at sub-cellular resolution limits imaging of large samples, as sample stability and focus drift are becoming an issue. Therefore, light sheet fluorescent microscopy (LSFM) has become the method of choice for imaging cleared samples. However, this method still suffers from a trade-off between imaging depth and resolution, due to diffraction of the illuminating beam limiting the achievable field of view. After improvement of the latter with non-diffracting Bessel beams, lattice light sheet microscopy has substantially reduced the illumination point-spread-function (PSF). Here, we propose further improvement by generation of structured light sheets via phased arrays implemented as silicon nitride photonic integrated circuits (PICs). Beam generation with PICs results in much higher power efficiency than beam forming with conventional liquid crystal based spatial phase modulators, as it does not require the use of narrow blocking apertures. Moreover, this approach enables increased control over the generated field profile. Modeling of concrete PIC concepts indicates that sub-cellular resolution with mm scale imaging depths can be concomitantly achieved. Maintaining a small PSF along the axis perpendicular to the direction of light propagation is sacrificed in order to maintain it over increased imaging depth along the beam propagation axis. Rapid lateral scanning of the illumination beam inside the plane of the light sheet is then obtained by scanning of the laser wavelength within the excitation spectrum of the target fluorescent protein, allowing for a wide bidirectional field-of-view with high resolution.
Ceramic Thin Films (2013)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Fundamentals of the Chemical Solution Deposition Process Structure–Property Relationships The Application of CSD-Derived Ceramic Films Conclusions References
Copper(i) catalyzed oxidative hydrolysis of Ugi 3-component and Ugi-azide reaction products towards 2° α-ketoamides and α-ketotetrazoles (2017)

Herein, a two-step MCR-oxidation methodology accessing decorated 2° α-ketoamides and α-ketotetrazoles is described via a catalytic copper(i)-mediated C-N oxidation/acidic hydrolysis of Ugi-three-component and Ugi-azide reaction products. The ability to install diversity from aldehyde and isocyanide synthons allows rapid complexity generation. Of note, (1) 2° α-ketoamides are traditionally difficult to access and more so reminiscent of the endogenous peptide bonds. (2) The route to α-keto-tetrazoles is significantly shorter than that in previous reports.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF NEW DERIVATIVES OF 3‐BENZYL‐1,2‐BENZISOTHIAZOLE AND STUDIES ON THEIR ANALGESIC ACTIVITIES IN MICE (1984)

Abstract Die Aoetonitrile (I) reagieren :mit ChIor‐benzisothiazol (II) zu den Benzyl‐benzisothiazolen (III), die nach Verseifung und Decarboxylierung die Benzyl‐benzisothiazole (IV) ergeben.
International Workshop on Hepatitis B and Liver Cancer: Special Report2 (1978)

Journal Article International Workshop on Hepatitis B and Liver Cancer: Special Report Get access John L. Ziegler, M.D., John L. Ziegler, M.D. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Richard H. Adamson, M.D., Richard H. Adamson, M.D. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Lewellys F. Barker, M.D., Lewellys F. Barker, M.D. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Joseph F. Fraumeni, Jr., M.D., Joseph F. Fraumeni, Jr., M.D. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar John Gerin, Ph.D., John Gerin, Ph.D. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Robert H. Purcell Robert H. Purcell Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 60, Issue 3, March 1978, Page 717, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/60.3.717 Published: 01 March 1978 Article history Received: 19 September 1977 Accepted: 12 October 1977 Published: 01 March 1978
Breath analysis as a noninvasive biomarker for early detection of lung cancer. (2014)

7560 Background: The search for non-invasive diagnostic methods of lung cancer (LC) has led to new avenues of research, including the exploration of the exhaled breath. Previous studies have shown that LC can be detected through exhaled-breath analysis. This study evaluated the potential of exhaled-breath analysis for the distinction of early and advanced LC and for control (COPD) and lung cancer patients in an international setting. Methods: Breath samples were taken from untreated lung cancer patients and matching COPD controls. Patients were enrolled in Israel, Colorado and Florida. All samples were analyzed in a central lab (Technion Institute; Haifa, Israel). Analysis was performed by both gold nanoparticle-based Artificial Olfactory System (NaNose) and gas-chromatography linked with mass-spectrometry (GC-MS). Pattern recognition methods were used to analyze the results obtained from GC-MS and NaNose to correlate the results with the clinical data. Results: A total of 358 subjects were enrolled in this study (Israel: 174; Denver: 111; Florida: 73). 213 patients had lung cancer, among 62 early disease and 143 were at advanced stage. 145 patients did not have cancer. In our preliminary sub-analysis, of 80 cancer patients (64 advanced stage) and 31 COPDs subjects: discriminant function analysis of the signals of the sensor array distinguished significantly between control versus early LC (p < 0.0001; accuracy 85.11%), between control and advanced LC (p < 0.0001; 82.11%) and between early and advanced LC (p< 0.0001; 78.75%). Conclusions: In this multi-national pilot study, breath analysis discriminated malignant disease from benign conditions in a high-risk cohort based on LC-related volatile organic compound profiles. Furthermore, it discriminated between early versus advanced disease. These achievements stand in consistency with the requirements of society for rapid and early diagnosis of diseases as a part of therapeutic approach and facilitating rapid treatment. Clinical trial information: NCT01386203.
Internal quantum efficiency and nonradiative recombination coefficient of GaInN/GaN multiple quantum wells with different dislocation densities (2009)

Room-temperature photoluminescence (PL) measurements are performed on GaInN/GaN multiple-quantum-well heterostructures grown on GaN-on-sapphire templates with different threading-dislocation densities. The selective optical excitation of quantum wells and the dependence of integrated PL intensity on excitation power allow us to determine the internal quantum efficiency (IQE) as a function of carrier concentration. The measured IQE of the sample with the lowest dislocation density (5.3×108 cm−2) is as high as 64%. The measured nonradiative coefficient A varies from 6×107 to 2×108 s−1 as the dislocation density increases from 5.3×108 to 5.7×109 cm−2, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Mild Conditions for Pd‐Catalyzed Conversion of Aryl Bromides to Primary Anilines Using Benzophenone Imine. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Analysis of deep levels in n-type GaN by transient capacitance methods (1994)

Transient capacitance methods were used to analyze traps occurring in unintentionally doped n-type GaN grown by hydride vapor-phase epitaxy. Studies by deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) and isothermal capacitance transient spectroscopy indicated the presence of three majority-carrier traps occurring at discrete energies below the conduction band with activation energies (eV) ΔE1=0.264±0.01, ΔE2=0.580±0.017, and ΔE3=0.665±0.017. The single-crystal films of GaN were grown on GaN formed by metal-organic chemical-vapor deposition and on sputter-deposited ZnO; a similar deep-level structure was found in both types of samples. Pulse-width modulation tests using DLTS to determine the capture rates of the traps showed that the capture process is nonexponential, perhaps due to the high trap concentration. The origins of the deep levels are discussed in light of secondary-ion-mass-spectroscopy analysis and group theory results in the literature.
Isolation of Cytomegalovirus-Specific Cytotoxic T-Lymphocytes from Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (GALT) of HIV Type 1-Infected Subjects (2000)

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) can be an important opportunistic infection in HIV-1-infected patients, particularly when the CD4+ T-cell count drops below 50 lymphocytes/mm3. CMV-associated disease, including retinitis, pneumonitis, gastroenteritis, and encephalitis, is estimated to affect up to 40% of AIDS patients. We have studied the cellular immune response to CMV in gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) of HIV-1-infected patients. Two patients with chronic diarrhea of unknown etiology were examined by flexible sigmoidoscopy and upper endoscopy. Biopsy specimens were obtained from lymphoid-associated tissue sites in rectum and duodenum. Both patients were seropositive for CMV IgG, but had not been treated with ganciclovir, and neither had clinical signs of CMV disease. Mononuclear cell cultures were established from GALT and blood and assayed for the presence of CMV-specific CD8+ T cells. CD8+ T-cell phenotype and function were assessed by MHC Class I tetramer staining, using an HLA-A*0201 tetramer complex specific for peptide 495-503 (NLVPMVATV) of CMV lower matrix protein pp65, and by a standard 51Cr release assay. CMV pp65-specific cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTL) were detected in GALT and blood MNC from both patients. These results demonstrate that HIV-1-infected subjects seropositive for CMV, but without active CMV gastrointestinal disease, harbor CMV-specific CTL in intestinal lymphoid tissue. This is the first report of isolation of CMV-specific CTL in GALT and will lead to greater understanding of the pathogenesis of CMV disease in human mucosal tissue.
Factors affecting outcome following treatment of patients with cavernous sinus meningiomas (2010)

Radiosurgery provided improved rates of tumor control compared with surgery alone, regardless of the subjective extent of resection.