gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measurement of the underlying event in the Drell–Yan process in proton–proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 7~\mbox{TeV}$ (2012)

A measurement of the underlying event (UE) activity in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV is performed using Drell-Yan events in a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.2 fb -1 , collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC. The activity measured in the muonic final state (qq + -) is corrected to the particle level and compared with the predictions of various Monte Carlo generators and hadronization models. The dependence of the UE activity on the dimuon invariant mass is well described by PYTHIA and HERWIG++ tunes derived from the leading jet/track approach, illustrating the universality of the UE activity. The UE activity is observed to be independent of the dimuon invariant mass in the region above 40 GeV/c 2 , while a slow increase is observed with increasing transverse momentum of the dimuon system. The dependence of the UE activity on the transverse momentum of the dimuon system is accurately described by MADGRAPH, which simulates multiple hard emissions.
Side-Chain Tunability of Furan-Containing Low-Band-Gap Polymers Provides Control of Structural Order in Efficient Solar Cells (2011)

The solution-processability of conjugated polymers in organic solvents has classically been achieved by modulating the size and branching of alkyl substituents appended to the backbone. However, these substituents impact structural order and charge transport properties in thin-film devices. As a result, a trade-off must be found between material solubility and insulating alkyl content. It was recently shown that the substitution of furan for thiophene in the backbone of the polymer PDPP2FT significantly improves polymer solubility, allowing for the use of shorter branched side chains while maintaining high device efficiency. In this report, we use PDPP2FT to demonstrate that linear alkyl side chains can be used to promote thin-film nanostructural order. In particular, linear side chains are shown to shorten π-π stacking distances between backbones and increase the correlation lengths of both π-π stacking and lamellar spacing, leading to a substantial increase in the efficiency of bulk heterojunction solar cells.
MoO3/Al2O3: An Efficient and Reusable Heterogeneous Catalyst for Solvent-Free Synthesis of Coumarins via Pechmann Condensation (2008)

16 wt % alumina supported MoO 3 has been found to be an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of various substituted coumarins via Pechmann condensation.This method offers several advantages like high yields, facile recovery and reusability of the catalyst without loss in activity, nearly neutral and solvent free condition.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Pathways to Polydepsipeptides (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Clinical Outcomes of Single Row vs. Double Row Repair for Large and Massive Rotator Cuff Tears (2021)

Arthroscopic repair of rotator cuff tears is a well-established, safe and effective procedure; however, optimum repair remains controversial. Although there is data to support the superiority of double-row (DR) vs single-row (SR) repairs from a structural and biomechanical perspective, to prove DR superiority using clinical metrics is abstruse; due to the large sample size necessary to statistically determine clinical significance. The objective of this study was to evaluate clinical outcomes after arthroscopic SR and DR repairs of large and massive tears and determine if there is a statistically significant difference in patient reported outcomes (PROMs) between rotator cuff repair (RCR) techniques using a large, international, self-reporting registry.
Urine as a High-Quality Source of Host Genomic DNA from Wild Populations (2020)

The ability to generate genomic data from wild animal populations has the potential to give unprecedented insight into the population history and dynamics of species in their natural habitats. However, in the case of many species, it is impossible legally, ethically, or logistically to obtain tissues samples of high-quality necessary for genomic analyses. In this study we evaluate the success of multiple sources of genetic material (feces, urine, dentin, and dental calculus) and several capture methods (shotgun, whole-genome, exome) in generating genome-scale data in wild eastern chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) from Gombe National Park, Tanzania. We found that urine harbors significantly more host DNA than other sources, leading to broader and deeper coverage across the genome. Urine also exhibited a lower rate of allelic dropout. We found exome sequencing to be far more successful than both shotgun sequencing and whole-genome capture at generating usable data from low-quality samples such as feces and dental calculus. These results highlight urine as a promising and untapped source of DNA that can be noninvasively collected from wild populations of many species.
A versatile system for multimodality image fusion (1995)

This paper presents a versatile system for registering and visualizing computed tomography and magnetic resonance images. The system utilizes a semi-automatic, surface-based registration strategy which has proven useful for registering a number of different anatomical structures. A triangular mesh approximates surfaces in one image set while a set of surface points is used as a surface approximation in the other set. A non-linear optimization procedure determines the transformation that minimizes the total sum-squared perpendicular distance between triangles of the mesh and surface points. This system has been used without modification to successfully register images of the brain, spine and calcaneus. J Image Guid Surg 1:35-45 (1995). © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Advanced photomask repair technology for 65-nm lithography (1) (2004)

The 65nm photomasks have to meet tight specifications and improve the production yield due to high production cost. The 65nm optical lithography has two candidates, 157nm and 193nm, and we are developing two types of experimental photomask repair systems, FIB and EB, for the 65nm generation. We designed and developed FIB and EB beta systems. The platforms of beta systems consist of anti-vibration design to reduce outer disturbance for repair accuracy. Furthermore, we developed a new CPU control system, especially the new beam-scanning control system that makes it possible to control the beam position below nanometer order. These developments will suppress transmission loss and improve repair accuracy of the systems. We also adopt the 6-inch mask SMIF pod system and the CAD data linkage system that matches the EB mask data image with the SED image to search defects in photomasks with sophisticated patterns such as OPC patterns. We evaluate the EB repair process, and confirm that it generates carbon film, which has possibility to generate the same quality as that of FIB. Furthermore, we confirmed that EB and FIB repair systems were able to deposit carbon film and etch chrome, quartz, and MoSi. In this paper, we report the photomask defect repair experimental systems and the feasibility study on photomask defect repair for the 65nm generation.
Supplementary Figures 1-4 from Pericentromeric Instability and Spontaneous Emergence of Human Neoacrocentric and Minute Chromosomes in the Alternative Pathway of Telomere Lengthening (2023)

Supplementary Figures 1-4 from Pericentromeric Instability and Spontaneous Emergence of Human Neoacrocentric and Minute Chromosomes in the Alternative Pathway of Telomere Lengthening
Palladium assisted ring closures (1981)

The carbopalladation process has been extended to form carbocyclic systems. The intramolecular version of the carbopalladation process stereospecifically generates fused bicyclic palladium complexes upon treatment of cis and trans methyl-S-methyl-2-carbomethoxy-7-thio-hept-5-en-l-oate with lithium tetrachloropalladate and potassium tertbutoxide in moderate yield. The cyclization of the corresponding amines, cis and trans methyl-N,N-dimethyl-2-carhomethoxy-7-amino-hept-5-en-1-oate, proceeded more rapidly and stereospecifically generate stable fused bicyclic palladium complexes in excellent yield. NMR studies revealed the bicyclic complexes generated in this manner resulted from a trans addition of palladium and the carbon nucleophile. Direct reduction with sodium borohydride (for sulfides) or hydrogen (for amines) resulted in cyclopentyl sulfides and amines in good to excellent yields. The reaction was extended to ketoesters and homoallylic amines to give a variety of cyclopentanoids. Extensions to larger ring systems yielded unstable palladium complexes. These complexes underwent oxidation at the amine functionality upon warming. Hydrolysis of the intermediate complexes yielded cyclohexyl and cycloheptyl aldehydes whereas reduction with hydrogen in the presence of molecular sieves gave cyclohexyl and cycloheptyl amines in excellent yields. Attempts at utilizing olefin mid carbon monoxide insertions to form macrocycles proceeded poorly, if at all.
Enhancing the drug discovery process: Bayesian inference for the analysis and comparison of dose–response experiments (2019)

We implemented a simple web interface that allows the users to analyze a single dose-response dataset, as well as to statistically compare the metrics of two datasets.
Neurolymphomatosis: Clinical, Radiographic, and Pathologic Characteristics (S45.005) (2017)

To characterize the clinical, radiographic, pathologic findings and outcomes after therapy in biopsy-proven cases of primary and secondary neurolymphomatosis (NL).
Cycloaddition of Cyclopentadiene and Dicyclopentadiene on Si(100)-2×1:  Comparison of Monomer and Dimer Adsorption (1999)

The adsorption of cyclopentadiene and its dimer form, dicyclopentadiene, on the Si(100)-2×1 surface has been investigated using polarized multiple internal reflection Fourier transform infrared (MIR-FTIR) spectroscopy together with ab initio quantum chemistry calculations. The results show that cyclopentadiene adsorbs at room temperature to form a [4 + 2] cycloaddition product and at saturation covers less than two-thirds of the surface. Dicyclopentadiene adsorbs intact, most likely by a [2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction, and is estimated to adsorb onto 30−40% more SiSi dimer sites than cyclopentadiene despite its larger size. Dicyclopentadiene is not found to react via a surface-catalyzed retro-Diels−Alder pathway whereby it splits into cyclopentadiene while chemisorbing, even though this pathway is theoretically predicted to be much more thermodynamically favored.
A Retrospective Analysis of VeriStrat Status on Outcome of a Randomized Phase II Trial of First-Line Therapy with Gemcitabine, Erlotinib, or the Combination in Elderly Patients (Age 70 Years or Older) with Stage IIIB/IV Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer (2021)

In a multicenter randomized phase II trial of gemcitabine (arm A), erlotinib (arm B), and gemcitabine and erlotinib (arm C), similar progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were observed in all arms. We performed an exploratory, blinded, retrospective analysis of plasma or serum samples collected as part of the trial to investigate the ability of VeriStrat (VS) to predict treatment outcomes.Ninety-eight patients were assessable, and the majority had stage IV disease (81%), adenocarcinoma histology (63%), reported current or previous tobacco use (84%), and 26% had a performance status (PS) of 2.In arm A, patients with VS Good ( = 20) compared with VS Poor status ( = 8) had similar PFS (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.21; = 0.67) and OS (HR: 0.82; = 0.64). In arm B, patients with VS Good ( = 26) compared with VS Poor ( = 12) had a statistically significantly superior PFS (HR: 0.33; = 0.002) and OS (HR: 0.40; = 0.014). In arm C, patients with VS Good ( = 17) compared with Poor ( = 1 5) had a superior PFS (HR: 0.42; = 0.027) and a trend toward superior OS (HR: 0.48; = 0.051). In the multivariate analysis for PFS, VS status was statistically significant ( = 0.011); for OS, VS status ( = 0.017) and PS ( = 0.005) were statistically significant. A statistically significant VS and treatment interaction (gemcitabine versus erlotinib) was observed for PFS and OS.Gemcitabine is the superior treatment for elderly patients with VS Poor status. First-line erlotinib for elderly patients with VS Good status may warrant further investigation.
Vortex-Induced Motions of a Model Scale Column Stabilized Floater With Round Columns in Calm Water and Random Waves (2015)

When an offshore platform is exposed to a steady current, alternating vortices are shed from its aft at a regular period, creating oscillatory hydrodynamic forces. Under these forces, the platform experiences vortex-induced motions (VIM) close to its natural period. VIM still poses a design challenge for new deep-water platform moorings and risers. VIM imparts cyclic fatigue loads on the riser’s hang off and touchdown points and on the mooring chains — and an accurate prediction of VIM is important in estimating and allocating fatigue damage budgets to the risers and mooring chains. High-performance computing numerical simulation tools are used to simulate the VIM response of a 1:50 model scale semisubmersible with round columns. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) coupled to a structural model is used to predict the VIM response for a range of flow conditions and headings, including wave action. The simulation results are compared side-by-side to the measured response from model scale physical measurements and good agreement instills confidence towards full-scale simulations. The simulation results confirm that inclusion of wave action, in the form of a background sea state, results in diminished VIM.
A Mathematical Analysis on Error Propagation of EREC and Its Application to Optimal Channel-Matched Searching Pattern for Robust Transmission of Coded Video (2007)

The error resilient entropy coding (EREC) provides efficient resynchronization method to the coded bitstream, which might be corrupted by transmission errors. The technique has been given more prominence, nowadays, because it achieves fast resynchronization without sizable overhead, and thereby provides graceful quality degradation according to the network conditions. This paper presents a novel framework to analyze the performance of EREC in terms of the error probability in decoding a basic resynchronization unit (RU) for various error prone networks. In order to show the feasibility of the proposed framework, this paper also proposes a novel EREC algorithm based on the slightly modified H.263 bitstream syntax. The proposed scheme minimizes the effect of errors on low frequency DCT coefficients and incorporates near optimal channel-matched searching pattern (SP), which guarantees the best possible quality of reproduced video. Given the number of bits generated for each RU, the near optimal SP is produced by the proposed iterative deterministic partial SP update method, which reduces the complexity of finding optimal solution, O((N - 1)!), to O(m . N 2 ). The proposed EREC algorithm significantly improves the decoded video quality, especially when the bit error rate is in the rage of 10 -3 -10 -4 . Up to 5 dB enhancement of the PSNR value was observed in a single video frame.
DOMINANT T CELL REGULATION ACHIEVED EX-VIVO VIA IFN-GAMMA/STAT-1 SIGNALING AND NITRIC OXIDE INDUCTION (2008)

Feng, G1; Francis, R1; Gao, W2; Strom, T2; Oukka, M3; Wood, K1; Bushell, A1 Author Information
Antibody Titer Threshold Predicts Anti‐Candidal Vaccine Efficacy Even though the Mechanism of Protection Is Induction of Cell‐Mediated Immunity (2008)

We previously reported that vaccination with Freund's adjuvant plus the recombinant N-terminus of the candidal adhesin, Als3p (rAls3p-N), protects mice from disseminated candidiasis. Here we report that the rAls3p-N vaccine is effective when combined with aluminum hydroxide adjuvant. Antibody titers of > or =1:6400 accurately predicted protection from infection. Nevertheless, neither B lymphocytes nor serum from immunized animals transferred protection to vaccine-naive animals. In contrast, CD3(+), CD4(+), or CD8(+) T lymphocytes from immunized animals transferred protection, and the vaccine was efficacious in IL-4-deficient mice but not in IFN-gamma-deficient mice. These data have significant implications for the development and interpretation of vaccine surrogate markers.
Solution Structure of α-Conotoxin ImI by1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1999)

alpha-Conotoxin ImI derives from the venom of Conus imperialis and is the first and only small-peptide ligand that selectively binds to the neuronal alpha7 homopentameric subtype of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR). This receptor subtype is a possible drug target for several neurological disorders. The cysteines are connected in the pairs Cys2-Cys8 and Cys3-Cys12. To date it is the only alpha-conotoxin with a 4/3 residue spacing between the cysteines. The structure of ImI has been determined by 1H NMR spectroscopy in aqueous solution. The NMR structure is of high quality, with a backbone pairwise rmsd of 0.34 A for a family of 19 structures, and comprises primarily a series of nested beta turns. Addition of organic solvent does not perturb the solution structure. The first eight residues of ImI are identical to the larger, but related, conotoxin EpI and adopt a similar structure, despite a truncated second loop. Residues important for binding of ImI to the alpha7 nAChR are all clustered on one face of the molecule. Once further binding data for EpI and ImI are available, the ImI structure will allow for design of novel alpha7 nAChR-specific agonists and antagonists with a wide range of potential pharmaceutical applications.
Causes of Early Mortality After Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation (2023)

AF ablation procedure has a 90-day mortality of 0.22%, and the most common cause of early mortality was sudden death. The majority (73.3%) of early mortality was not directly associated with a procedural complication, and the mortality rate due to complications associated with the AF ablation procedure was low at 0.06%. Further studies are required to investigate causes and risk factors associated with sudden death in this patient population.
Efficient and robust streaming provisioning in VPNs (2003)

Today, most large companies maintain virtual private networks (VPNs) to connect their remote locations into a single secure network. VPNs can be quite large covering more than 1000 locations and in most cases use standard Internet protocols and services. Such VPNs are implemented using a diverse set of technologies such as Frame Relay, MPLS, or IPSEC to achieve the goal of privacy and performance isolation from the public Internet.Using VPNs to distribute live content has recently received tremendous interest. For example, a VPN could be used to broadcast a CEO-employee town hall meeting. To distribute this type of content economically without overloading the network, the deployment of streaming caches or splitters is most likely required.In this paper, we address the problem of optimally placing such streaming splitters or caches to broadcast to a given set of VPN endpoints under the constraints typically found within a VPN. In particular, we introduce an efficient algorithm with complexity O(V), V being the number of routers in the VPN. This guarantees the optimal cache placement if interception is used for redirection. We prove that the general problem is NP-hard and introduce multiple heuristics for efficient and robust cache placement suitable under different constraints. At the expense of increased implementation complexity, each heuristic solution provides additional saving in the number of caches required. We evaluate proposed solutions using extensive simulations. In particular, we show our flow-based solution is very close to the optimal.
H+D2 reaction dynamics. Determination of the product state distributions at a collision energy of 1.3 eV (1984)

Two-photon resonance, three-photon ionization has been used to determine the HD product internal state distribution formed by the reaction of fast H atoms with thermal D2 molecules. A mixture of HI and D2 is irradiated by a 266 nm laser pulse to dissociate the former, giving a center-of-mass collision energy of about 1.30±0.04 eV for H+D2. After a sufficiently short delay to ensure essentially collision-free conditions, a second laser is fired which causes multiphoton ionization of individual HD quantum states as well as D atoms, depending upon the choice of wavelength. Reaction occurs in a well-defined effusive flow which emerges from a glass orifice placed between the acceleration plates of a differentially pumped time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Ion signals are referenced to those obtained from HD or D produced in an auxiliary microwave discharge. Relative formation rates are reported for HD(v=1, J=0–6) and HD(v=2, J=0–6). Nascent D atoms are also observed and an upper limit is placed on the production of HD(v=3). Rotational surprisal plots are found to be linear for the HD product state distribution yielding a slope of θR=5.1 for HD(v=1) and θR=4.7 for HD(v=2). These are extrapolated to provide full distributions for HD(v=0–2, J=0–6). The present product state distributions are compared with the recent experimental data of Gerrity and Valentini as well as with the quasiclassical trajectory calculations of Blais and Truhlar.
On optimal shaping of multidimensional constellations (1994)

A scheme for the optimal shaping of multidimensional constellations is proposed. This scheme is motivated by a type of structured vector quantizer for memoryless sources, and results in N-sphere shaping of N-dimensional cubic lattice-based constellations. Because N-sphere shaping is optimal in N dimensions, shaping gains higher than those of N-dimensional Voronoi constellations can be realized. While optimal shaping for a large N can realize most of the 1.53 dB total shaping gain, it has the undesirable effect of increasing the size and the peak-to-average power ratio of the constituent 2D constellation. This limits its usefulness for many real world channels which have nonlinearities. The proposed scheme alleviates this problem by achieving optimal constellation shapes for a given limit on the constellation expansion ratio or the peak-to-average power ratio of the constituent 2D constellation. Results of Calderbank and Ozarow (1990) on nonequiprobable signaling are used to reduce the complexity of this scheme and make it independent of the data rate with essentially no effect on the shaping gain. Comparisons with Forney's (1989) trellis shaping scheme are also provided.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>