gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Integrated Mobility Load Balancing and Traffic Steering mechanism in LTE (2013)

Mobility Load Balancing (MLB) is a Self-Organising Networks (SON) use case with the scope of detecting and resolving radio overload. In case of overload, the MLB triggers the handover of cell edge users towards less loaded neighbour cells to better align the traffic demand with the capacity available on the air interface. This, however, also increases the load on the transport links of these cells; therefore, MLB should consider the transport status in order not to cause transport congestion while resolving air interface overload. This paper proposes a general MLB framework that, unlike existing mechanisms, has efficient means to properly consider the transport load and congestion in addition to the radio load. The solution is not limited to any particular transport network topology and it also acts as a Traffic Steering (TS) mechanism as it resolves transport overload by redirecting users to neighbour cells with spare transport resources. The performance of the proposed framework was evaluated with simulations. Results indicate that the solution improves the overall system performance by balancing both radio and transport load.
Relative impact of key sources of systematic noise in Affymetrix and Illumina gene-expression microarray experiments (2011)

The magnitude of systematic processing noise in a microarray experiment is variable across probes and experiments, however it is generally the case that procedures earlier in the sample-preparation workflow are liable to introduce the most noise. Careful experimental design is important to protect against noise, detailed meta-data should always be provided, and diagnostic procedures should be routinely performed prior to downstream analyses for the detection of bias in microarray studies.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Oxidation of Sulfides Catalyzed by an Iron Complex of C2‐ Chiral Strapped Porphyrin as a Conceptually New P‐450 Model Catalyst. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Superconductivity in In2O3-ZnO crystalline films (2009)

Thin In2O3-ZnO (IZO) films were prepared by DC-magnetron sputtering with changing the weight concentration x of ZnO, 0 ? x ? 0.07. As-grown amorphous IZO films show the metallic characteristic but do not show superconductivity. We have investigated the T and H dependence of the resistivity ? and Hall coefficient for annealed films with thickness d = 350 nm in air. It is found that the films with 0 ? x ? 0.03 show superconductivity. Transition temperature Tc and the carrier density n of these films are ? 2.0 K and 1025 -1026 m-3, respectively. The annealed In2O3-ZnO films were examined by a high resolution transparent electron microscopy. This investigation reveals that films annealed at 300 ?C are sufficient crystalline. There is a difference of crystal structures between the superconducting film and normal film. We studied the upper critical magnetic field HC2 (T) for the film with x = 0.005. From the slope of dHc2/dT, we obtain the coherent length ?(0) ? 100 A at T = 0 K and the coefficient of the electronic heat capacity ? ? 3.2 (J/m3K2) which is small compared with that of other oxide materials.
Predicting Acute Appendicitis? A comparison of the Alvarado Score, the Appendicitis Inflammatory Response Score and Clinical Assessment (2014)

The AIR score is accurate at excluding appendicitis in those deemed low risk and more accurate at predicting appendicitis than the Alvarado score in those deemed high risk. Its use as the basis for selective CT imaging in those deemed medium risk should be considered.
Exponential Flying Capacitor Converter (2022)

A novel flying capacitor (FC)-based dc-dc converter topology is introduced. This aptly named Exponential Flying Capacitor (EFC) topology achieves an exponential, rather than linear, decline in flying capacitor voltages when compared against the conventional multi-level flying capacitor (MLFC) topology. Such an abrupt drop in FC voltages not only significantly reduces the total operational flying capacitive energy storage/volume, but additionally permits the use of a smaller output filter inductance relative to the conventional MLFC when both topologies are paired equally with more than 3 FCs. This paper describes the structure and operation of the EFC topology, as well as further elaborates on the comparisons between the conventional MLFC. Finally, the potential advantages of the EFC are experimentally verified using a 3-FC, 48 V to 5 V / 3.3 V / 1.0 V (1.0 A) discrete converter prototype running at a 12.5 kHz switching frequency. At these stated operating levels, the 3-FC EFC requires an in-ductor that is up to 3 times smaller compared to the conventional 5-level (3-FC) MLFC.
Method Of Wire Insertion For Electric Machine Stators (2005)

A method of inserting coils in slots of a stator is provided. The method includes interleaving a first set of first phase windings and a first set of second phase windings on an insertion tool. The method also includes activating the insertion tool to radially insert the first set of first phase windings and the first set of second phase windings in the slots of the stator. In one embodiment, interleaving the first set of first phase windings and the first set of second phase windings on the insertion tool includes forming the first set of first phase windings in first phase openings defined in the insertion tool, and forming the first set of second phase windings in second phase openings defined in the insertion tool.
Good quantification practices of flavours and fragrances by mass spectrometry (2016)

Over the past 15 years, chromatographic techniques with mass spectrometric detection have been increasingly used to monitor the rapidly expanded list of regulated flavour and fragrance ingredients. This trend entails a need for good quantification practices suitable for complex media, especially for multi-analytes. In this article, we present experimental precautions needed to perform the analyses and ways to process the data according to the most recent approaches. This notably includes the identification of analytes during their quantification and method validation, when applied to real matrices, based on accuracy profiles. A brief survey of application studies based on such practices is given.This article is part of the themed issue 'Quantitative mass spectrometry'.
Analysis of the Vertical Driving Performance of Multiple Connected Pipe-Climbing Microrobots with Magnetic Wheels (2019)

In this study, we analyzed the vertical driving performance of multiple connected magnetic wheel-driven microrobots when moving up and down a small cylinder that simulated a pipe. The dynamics of pipe climbing by the magnetic wheel-driven microrobot were analyzed considering the magnetic attraction force and slip; a vertical climbing simulator was developed considering the hoop force and external force from the adjacent microrobots to determine the magnetic attraction force required for multiple connected microrobot pipe climbing. A prototype of an independent vertical climbing microrobot, 5 mm long, 9 mm wide, and 6.5 mm high, and prototypes of 10 microrobots were manufactured to evaluate the vertical driving performance. The usefulness was verified by showing that three driving microrobots can move seven non-driving microrobots comprising 60% of their own weight up and down along a small cylinder.
Rapid antifouling nanocomposite coating enables highly sensitive multiplexed electrochemical detection of myocardial infarction and concussion markers (2021)

ABSTRACT Here we describe an ultra-fast (&lt; 1 min) method for coating electrochemical (EC) sensors with an anti-fouling nanocomposite layer that can be stored at room temperature for months, which provides unprecedented sensitivity and selectivity for diagnostic applications. We leveraged this method to develop a multiplexed diagnostic platform for detection of biomarkers that could potentially be used to triage patients with myocardial infarction and traumatic brain injury using only 15 µL of blood. Single-digit pg/mL sensitivity was obtained within minutes for all the biomarkers tested in unprocessed human plasma samples and whole blood, which is much faster and at least 50 times more sensitive than traditional ELISA methods, and the signal was stable enough to be measured after one week of storage. The multiplexed EC sensor platform was validated by analyzing 22 patient samples, which demonstrated excellent correlation with reported clinical values.
Design and Synthesis of Colloidal Nanocrystal Heterostructures with Tetrapod Morphology (2006)

Pod people: Tetrapod-shaped ZnTe/CdSe and ZnTe/CdS heterostructure nanocrystals (see image, left and right, respectively) are prepared by a novel synthetic route. The tetrapod arms are grown on the ZnTe cores by alternating injections of Cd and Se/S precursors at intermediate temperatures in the presence of oleylamine ligands. The formation of the tetrapod heterostructures proceeds from slightly anisotropic core/shell to pyramidal to tetrapod-shaped heterostructures.
Sulfur K-Edge XAS and DFT Calculations on Nitrile Hydratase:  Geometric and Electronic Structure of the Non-heme Iron Active Site (2005)

The geometric and electronic structure of the active site of the non-heme iron enzyme nitrile hydratase (NHase) is studied using sulfur K-edge XAS and DFT calculations. Using thiolate (RS(-))-, sulfenate (RSO(-))-, and sulfinate (RSO(2)(-))-ligated model complexes to provide benchmark spectral parameters, the results show that the S K-edge XAS is sensitive to the oxidation state of S-containing ligands and that the spectrum of the RSO(-) species changes upon protonation as the S-O bond is elongated (by approximately 0.1 A). These signature features are used to identify the three cysteine residues coordinated to the low-spin Fe(III) in the active site of NHase as CysS(-), CysSOH, and CysSO(2)(-) both in the NO-bound inactive form and in the photolyzed active form. These results are correlated to geometry-optimized DFT calculations. The pre-edge region of the X-ray absorption spectrum is sensitive to the Z(eff) of the Fe and reveals that the Fe in [FeNO](6) NHase species has a Z(eff) very similar to that of its photolyzed Fe(III) counterpart. DFT calculations reveal that this results from the strong pi back-bonding into the pi antibonding orbital of NO, which shifts significant charge from the formally t(2)(6) low-spin metal to the coordinated NO.
Interference cancellation for EDGE via two-user joint demodulation (2003)

EDGE has been introduced as an evolution of GSM for providing voice and high-speed data services. To cope with the ever-increasing demands on higher spectral efficiency, a tight frequency reuse (1/3 or even 1/1) may be adopted for GSM/EDGE in the foreseeable future, motivating the need to investigate advanced interference cancellation techniques. We consider joint demodulation for cancelling a dominant cochannel or adjacent-channel interferer. A complete receiver structure is described, assuming burst-synchronous users. Simulation results show that large performance gains are obtained with moderate receiver complexity in a dominant interferer-limited environment.
Source Description Cost (2006)

The paper considers the source description problem with average distortion and per-symbol reproduction cost constraints. The source description cost-distortion function is then defined as the minimum of a weighted sum of the rate and the expected per-symbol reproduction cost subject to average distortion constraint. This function is evaluated for (i) binary source, Hamming loss and reproduction cost of 0 for a 0 and 1 for 1, (ii) Gaussian source, squared error distortion, and average power constraint on reproduction, and (iii) Gaussian Wyner-Ziv source coding with side information setting and average power constraint on reproduction. The results are compared to the description cost in the classical case
Effects of increase in fish oil intake on intestinal eicosanoids and inflammation in a mouse model of colitis (2013)

Thus, increased intake of dietary FO did not prevent experimental colitis.
UWB backscattering system for passive RFID tag ranging and tracking (2011)

In this paper we present the performance evaluation of an Ultra Wide Band (UWB) radio-frequency identification (RFID) system for ranging and tracking of passive tags. A UWB channel model is derived from antenna backscattering measurements. A specific physical layer is proposed. Based on this channel model and physical layer, a performance analysis is carried out through realistic simulations on both TOA estimations and tag location tracking.
The Effects of Small Fuel Droplets on Cold Engine Emissions Using Ford's Air Forced Injection System (1995)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The effect of port injected small fuel droplets was evaluated for several different modes of engine operation. The droplets were generated by an Air Forced Injector (AFI), &lt;span class="xref"&gt;Figure 1&lt;/span&gt;, which uses high velocity air through a nozzle to produce fuel droplets on the order of 10mm Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD). AFI results were compared to those from a standard production pintle injector. Steady state data, “motored cold start” data, and injector cut-out data were collected. All three data sets illustrate functional advantages of AFI over standard Electronic Fuel Injection (EFI).&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Steady state testing showed that the AFI delivers complete freedom for specifying injection timing with respect to HC emissions. This freedom is highly advantageous for transient conditions because open valve injection with small droplets causes much less port wall wetting. Therefore, less control system compensation is necessary, and more accurate air-fuel ratio control is achievable. The injector cut-out tests were used as a simple transient test and showed that roughly 75% less fuel is deposited onto the port walls with AFI vs. EFI. Motored cold start tests further showed that engine-out hydrocarbons are decreased by at least 50% in the first few seconds of engine operation using the AFI system.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The energy consumption impact of a complete system including a means of supplying pressurized air is also shown. Bench tests of injector performance coupled with engine cycle modeling show an approximate 2% increase in BSFC at 1500 RPM, 2.62 bar BMEP.&lt;/div&gt;
Strabismic and Anisometropic Amblyopia: An invited review on some recent experiments in diagnosis and treatment (1979)

Recent advances in our understanding of the physiology of normal spatial vision necessitate a re‐appraisal of the diagnosis and treatment of amblyopia. Contrast sensitivity techniques allow a better understanding of the neural basis of this condition and of the contribution of associated optical, oculomotor, and fixation abnormalities. This approach can also contribute significantly to updating our present diagnostic methods and treatment regimes. A new and powerful treatment for amblyopia is discussed and assessed.
12.2 Carbon Fiber Reinforced Carbon* (2021)

Carbon fiber reinforced carbon (CFRC) is a high-tech, high-temperature resistant, lightweight construction material consisting out of carbon fibers embedded in a carbon matrix. This chapter includes an overview on raw materials, manufacturing technologies, and material properties of this unique material class. Additionally, an introduction is provided regarding component design, numerical methods, and design procedure in respect to CFRC components. The chapter closes with an illustration of a set of major CFRC applications as well as an outlook for the future growth of CFRC.
Optimization of Dual-ESL Stressor Geometry Effects for High Performance 65nm SOI Transistors (2006)

We report on the optimized transverse and lateral boundaries of dual etch stop layer (dESL) stressors in both PMOS and NMOS achieved in 65nm SOI transistors. We demonstrate that this gives an additional ~20% performance gain in ring oscillators. The optimization takes into account the 1-D and 2-D geometry effects, including poly-pitch, and is in good agreement with stress simulations
Electrooxidation of saccharides at platinum electrode (2012)

Saccharides have been emerging as promising fuels for future energy industry because they possess high energy density and tremendous amount of them can be obtained from abundant biomass. Direct electrochemical oxidation of saccharides to generate electricity is a potentially competitive approach in terms of the demand for small, handy, and cost-effective electric power sources. To develop efficient sugar fuel cell, it is necessary to understand mechanism of electrooxidation of saccharide at electrode surface. Although glucose oxidation at platinum surface has been well known, fundamental mechanism study on electrooxidation of other sugars is still in its infancy. Based on research of glucose oxidation, we will predict the electrooxidation of other saccharides such as fructose.
Measurement of Knock and Ion Current in a Spark Ignition Engine with and without NO Addition to the Intake Air (2003)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Several studies have shown that NO has a strong influence on engine knock. This paper reports an experimental study that addresses the connection between SI engine knock and the level of nitric oxide, NO, in the intake manifold gas under various conditions of engine operation.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Some theories explain the second ion-current peak as thermal ionisation of NO. Both temperature and NO concentration is of importance. By advancing the ignition angle the NO concentration can be increased, but the temperature is also increased. Addition of NO in the inlet manifold increases the NO concentration but has less effect on the temperature.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;SI engine experiments were conducted over a number of different ignition timings, air/fuel ratios, engine speeds and intake manifold pressures. The NO level in the intake manifold was altered from 100 to 1600 ppm, increasing the amount by doubling. The study confirms that there is an increasing tendency of early knock when the NO amount increases. A slight increase in the second ion-current peak could be seen with addition of NO in the inlet manifold, especially with early ignition timing. This increase in peak amplitude may be a result of heavy knock, due to the addition of NO. Advancing the ignition angle 2 crank angle degrees has a stronger influence on the second ion-current peak than addition of 1600 ppm NO in the inlet manifold.&lt;/div&gt;
Approximate Computing With Stochastic Transistors’ Voltage Over-Scaling (2018)

Ubiquitous computing and the ever-rising need for energy efficiency pose challenges in terms of the processing requirements and the corresponding machine complexity. Nonetheless, the nature of the underlying applications, particularly dealing with real-world data, offers alternative paradigms toward the efficient utilization of the available design resources. In this paper, approximate computing is addressed as an accommodating technique that can benefit from the inherent resilience of the current applications to build low-power and low-complexity architectures. This paper proposes an alternative way of attaining approximation based on transistor dynamic variability. Furthermore, it presents a comprehensive study using voltage scaling scheme, starting from the impact of variation on the circuit-level output and investigating cascaded logic gates, storage elements, arithmetic building blocks, and on the application level, with an image compression outcome using 2-point discrete Fourier transform as a proof of concept. This paper addresses design analysis metrics and the efficiency of the proposed technique with respect to the technology node, operating frequency, energy and delay, process corner, and temperature. The configurable designs are shown to be possible with adaptive voltage scaling and energy-quality scalability. The proposed technique offers compromises in terms of the circuit design metrics with savings of up to 90% on energy for image compression application, in comparison with running at deterministic nominal value, while preserving the relative quality and accuracy of the output.
TRIB3 Mediates Fibroblast Activation and Fibrosis though Interaction with ATF4 in IPF (2022)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal interstitial lung disease characterized by fibroblast activation, excessive deposition of extracellular matrix, and progressive scarring; the pathogenesis remains elusive. The present study explored the role of Tribbles pseudokinase 3 (<i>TRIB3</i>), a well-known stress and metabolic sensor, in IPF. <i>TRIB3</i> is down-regulated in the lungs of IPF patients in comparison to control subjects. Deficiency of <i>TRIB3</i> markedly inhibited A549 epithelial cells' proliferation and migration, significantly reducing wound healing. Conversely, overexpression of <i>TRIB3</i> promoted A549 cell proliferation and transmigration while it inhibited its apoptosis. Meanwhile, overexpressed <i>TRIB3</i> inhibited fibroblast activation and decreased ECM synthesis and deposition in MRC5 cells. <i>TRIB3</i> attenuated pulmonary fibrosis by negative regulation of ATF4, while <i>TRIB3</i> expression markedly inhibited <i>ATF4</i> promoter-driven transcription activity and down-regulated <i>ATF4</i> expression. A co-culture system showed that <i>TRIB3</i> is important to maintain the normal epithelial-mesenchymal crosstalk and regulate fibroblast activation. Taken together, our data suggested that an axis of <i>TRIB3-ATF4</i> is a key mediator in IPF which might be a potential target for fibroproliferative lung disease treatment.
On-Chip Total Ionizing Dose Digital Monitor in Fully Depleted SOI Technologies (2020)

This article presents a digital dosimeter for on-chip total ionizing dose (TID) computation, designed and fabricated in 28- and 22-nm fully depleted silicon-on-insulator (FD-SOI) technologies. FD-SOI has improved, by far, the robustness to single event effect (SEE), while TID may require fine control in high krad regime, leading to the interest for an integrated dynamic monitoring capability. The digital dosimeter is therefore implemented with a simplified TID hardware model and monitoring structure, capable of tracking and reporting TID value while being quasi-insensitive to voltage and temperature variations. The dosimeter is experimentally validated with gamma rays, showing less than 5% mismatch in dose estimate in the 0 to 50-krad(Si) range. Low-energy photons and alpha particles were used to extend the measurements to other sources and up to 500 krad(Si), where the mismatch with the theoretical estimate remains limited to 16%. The digital dosimeter, with an area of 0.002 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and a very low imprint, is a suitable companion for any system requiring dynamic TID monitoring.