gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of the Immune Response Induced by a Commercially Available Inactivated Bluetongue Virus Serotype 1 Vaccine in Sheep (2012)

The protective immune response generated by a commercial monovalent inactivated vaccine against bluetongue virus serotype 1 (BTV1) was studied. Five sheep were vaccinated, boost-vaccinated, and then challenged against BTV1 ALG/2006. RT-PCR did not detect viremia at any time during the experiment. Except a temperature increase observed after the initial and boost vaccinations, no clinical signs or lesions were observed. A specific and protective antibody response checked by ELISA was induced after vaccination and boost vaccination. This specific antibody response was associated with a significant increase in B lymphocytes confirmed by flow cytometry, while significant increases were not observed in T lymphocyte subpopulations (CD4(+), CD8(+), and WC1(+)), CD25(+) regulatory cells, or CD14(+) monocytes. After challenge with BTV1, the antibody response was much higher than during the boost vaccination period, and it was associated with a significant increase in B lymphocytes, CD14(+) monocytes, CD25(+) regulatory cells, and CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes.
New Robust Model to Evaluate the Total Organic Carbon Using Artificial Neural Networks and Spectral Gamma-Ray (2022)

Abstract Total organic carbon (TOC) is the amount of carbon present in the formation, which is an important criterion for assessing unconventional shale resources. Current TOC determination methods rely on time-consuming laboratory tests or empirical correlations created on the basis of assumptions that limit their application. Using artificial neural networks (ANN), a new robust model for TOC estimate based on traditional well logs was constructed in this study. In this study, 891 TOC data points at different depths and their corresponding well logs of deep resistivity, gamma ray, sonic transit time, and bulk density and spectral logs collected to train the model, and then tested on 291 different data points. The ANN model was optimized for the different design parameters using inserted for loops in Matlab. The optimized model was then validated in another unseen 82 data points. The average absolute percentage error (AAPE) and correlation coefficient (R) between the measured and the ANN-based TOC were used to evaluate the models. With R values higher than 0.93 and AAPE values less than 14%, the new model produced an outstanding agreement with the real TOC values. The model surpassed the available empirical correlations in the validation dataset, resulting in lower than 10% AAPE, compared to more than 20% AAPE in other models. As a result of these findings, all of the correlation's parameters are reported, allowing it to be used to a variety of datasets. The novelty of this new research is the simplicity and high accuracy of the developed model on estimating the TOC based on available well log data.
The specific suppression of contact sensitivity (1978)

The ability of 2,4,6 trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced regulatory cells to modulate the generation of contact sensitivity (CS) to picryl chloride has been studied. We have confirmed that such suppressor cells can modulate CS and have extended these observations to demonstrate that suppressor factors, liberated by suppressor cells in supernatants, can limit the generation of CS. We have also confirmed that hapten-coupled membrane products can induce tolerance to PCl. The investigation of the properties of the suppressor factors has revealed that they are hapten-specific and bear H2 coded specificities.
On the utility of primary side information in cognitive sensing (2011)

In this paper, we study the impact of the knowledge of primary side information on the efficiency of spectrum sensing for cognitive radio networks. In particular, assuming that the secondary transmitter knows the modulation and/or coding scheme used in the primary transmissions, we evaluate the efficiency of spectrum sensing in terms of maximizing the overall achievable throughput of the system. We present the results for both block-based and sequential detection techniques. We show that in sequential detection, and when the cognitive transmitter has knowledge of the primary codebook, the detection threshold should be adaptive based on the previous observations. Our results show the gains achieved over energy based techniques.
High Linearity InP-Based Phase Modulators Using a Shallow Quantum-Well Design (2010)

Phase modulator nonlinearity is a major problem for implementing an optical phase-locked loop (OPLL) phase demodulator. In this letter, we report an improved InP phase modulator design that uses a detuned shallow multiquantum-well structure. The phase modulator shows high linearity and low optical loss. Its phase IP3 and optical loss per unit length are ~ 4 π/mm and ~ 0.9 dB/mm, respectively. This phase modulator design is thus suitable for implementing the OPLL linear phase demodulator.
Air-cooled, active transmit/receive Panel Array (2008)

An air-cooled, 128 T/R Channel Panel Array that is 7.4 in. times 10.1 in. times 0.21 in. thick and weighs 2.2 lbs. has been designed and fabricated. The Panel Array is the ldquobuilding blockrdquo or Line Replaceable Unit (LRU) for a modular/ scalable Phased Array for Radar or Communications. The Panel Array reduces cost by leveraging high volume commodity manufacturing across a range of design requirements typical of phased array applications. The Panel Array T/R channel can incorporate SiGe, Si RF CMOS, GaAs and/or GaN Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit (MMIC) to optimize system performance. A 128 T/R channel, Low Power Density Panel Array has been designed at X-Band that integrates the following components and circuits: ldquoflip-chiprdquo SiGe control MMIC and GaAs LNA; patch radiators, polarization feed network, RF beamforming; DC bias and digital control. A fully populated prototype Panel Array has been fabricated and tested. The paper will present the Panel Array design and fabrication approach and measured RF data.
New modeling results for non-linear differential amplifier behavior, including two-tone TOI response (2005)

Previously, the author described a system that provides true differential and common-mode stimulus for CW and modulated RF signals, and presented results of non-linear operation of devices driven with such signals, which were compared with the same devices driven at the same levels using single-ended drive and calculating the differential response. Some devices showed no difference in the differential gain terms whether measured with true-mode or single ended measurements, and some showed substantial change in the differential gain compression when measured using true differential mode drive. A theoretical model was proposed which considers circuit topology differences to predict which devices will have non-linear characteristics that change depending upon the test methods. A new modeling approach is presented here which confirms these predictions, clearly identifies the underlying causes for the non-linear differential behavior and extends the results to modulated measurements such as TOI. Using these models, new effects of non-ideal measurements are discovered, pointing to yet more complex requirements for true-mode non-linear test.
Phase Behavior of Pure Diblocks and Binary Diblock Blends of Poly(ethylene)−Poly(ethylethylene) (1996)

We have determined the phase behavior of a series of model poly(ethylene)−poly(ethylethylene) (PE−PEE) diblock copolymers with poly(ethylene) block volume fractions (fPE) ranging from 0.25 to 0.46. Four ordered microstructures make contact with the ODT: spheres arranged on a body-centered cubic lattice (Im3̄m space group), cylinders packed on a hexagonal lattice, a bicontinuous structure of space group Ia3̄d, and lamellae. A fifth ordered phase, tentatively identified as hexagonally perforated layers (HPL), separates the cylindrical and lamellar morphologies at moderate or greater degrees of segregation. Binary blends of fPE = 0.37 and 0.46 diblocks were used to investigate the bicontinuous cubic phase region in greater detail; these experiments indicate that this phase extends as much as 100 °C below the ODT for 〈fPE〉 values in the blend from 0.385 to 0.420.
Preoperative medical assessment for adult spinal deformity surgery: a state-of-the-art review (2023)

Abstract Introduction The purpose of this study is to provide a state-of-the-art review regarding risk factors for perioperative complications in adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery. The review includes levels of evidence for risk factors associated with complications in ASD surgery. Methods Using the PubMed database, we searched for complications, risk factors, and adult spinal deformity. The included publications were assessed for level of evidence as described in clinical practice guidelines published by the North American Spine Society, with summary statements generated for each risk factor (Bono et al. in Spine J 9:1046–1051, 2009). Results Frailty had good evidence (Grade A) as a risk for complications in ASD patients. Fair evidence (Grade B) was assigned for bone quality, smoking, hyperglycemia and diabetes, nutritional status, immunosuppression/steroid use, cardiovascular disease, pulmonary disease, and renal disease. Indeterminate evidence (Grade I) was assigned for pre-operative cognitive function, mental health, social support, and opioid utilization. Conclusions Identification of risk factors for perioperative complications in ASD surgery is a priority for empowering informed choices for patients and surgeons and managing patient expectations. Risk factors with grade A and B evidence should be identified prior to elective surgery and modified to reduce the risk of perioperative complications.
Dendritic Macromolecular Architectures: Dendrimer-Based Polyion Complex Micelles (2021)

Polymeric micelles are nanoassemblies that are formed by spontaneous arrangement of amphiphilic block copolymers in aqueous solutions at critical micelle concentration (CMC). They represent an effective system for drug delivery of, for instance, poorly water-soluble anticancer drugs. Then, the development of polyion complexes (PICs) were emphasized. The morphology of these complexes depends on the topology of the polyelectrolytes used and the way they are assembled. For instance, ionic-hydrophilic block copolymers have been used for the preparation of PIC micelles. The main limitation in the use of PIC micelles is their potential instability during the self-assembly/disassembly processes, influenced by several parameters, such as polyelectrolyte concentration, deionization associated with pH, ionic strength due to salt medium effects, mixing ratio, and PIC particle cross-linking. To overcome these issues, the preparation of stable PIC micelles by increasing the rigidity of their dendritic architecture by the introduction of dendrimers and controlling their number within micelle scaffold was highlighted. In this original concise Review, we will describe the preparation, molecular characteristics, and pharmacological profile of these stable nanoassemblies.
Synaptotagmin-7 deficiency induces mania-like behavioral abnormalities through attenuating GluN2B activity (2020)

Synaptotagmin-7 (Syt7) probably plays an important role in bipolar-like behavioral abnormalities in mice; however, the underlying mechanisms for this have remained elusive. Unlike antidepressants that cause mood overcorrection in bipolar depression, <i>N</i>-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)-targeted drugs show moderate clinical efficacy, for unexplained reasons. Here we identified Syt7 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in patients with bipolar disorder and demonstrated that mice lacking Syt7 or expressing the SNPs showed GluN2B-NMDAR dysfunction, leading to antidepressant behavioral consequences and avoidance of overcorrection by NMDAR antagonists. In human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived and mouse hippocampal neurons, Syt7 and GluN2B-NMDARs were localized to the peripheral synaptic region, and Syt7 triggered multiple forms of glutamate release to efficiently activate the juxtaposed GluN2B-NMDARs. Thus, while Syt7 deficiency and SNPs induced GluN2B-NMDAR dysfunction in mice, patient iPSC-derived neurons showed Syt7 deficit-induced GluN2B-NMDAR hypoactivity that was rescued by Syt7 overexpression. Therefore, Syt7 deficits induced mania-like behaviors in mice by attenuating GluN2B activity, which enabled NMDAR antagonists to avoid mood overcorrection.
Great-Britain (2011)

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Band structure observed in the current-voltage characteristics of SINININIS-type junctions (2000)

Band structure in the conductivity of 4-barrier Nb/Al-AlOx-Al-AlOx-Al-AlOx-Al-AlOx-Nb (SINININIS) tunnel junctions is observed at low temperatures. This structure is explained in terms of the interference of quasiparticle waves in a periodic barrier.
Structure-Guided Screening for Functionally Selective D2 Dopamine Receptor Ligands from a Virtual Chemical Library (2017)

Functionally selective ligands stabilize conformations of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that induce a preference for signaling via a subset of the intracellular pathways activated by the endogenous agonists. The possibility to fine-tune the functional activity of a receptor provides opportunities to develop drugs that selectively signal via pathways associated with a therapeutic effect and avoid those causing side effects. Animal studies have indicated that ligands displaying functional selectivity at the D<sub>2</sub> dopamine receptor (D<sub>2</sub>R) could be safer and more efficacious drugs against neuropsychiatric diseases. In this work, computational design of functionally selective D<sub>2</sub>R ligands was explored using structure-based virtual screening. Molecular docking of known functionally selective ligands to a D<sub>2</sub>R homology model indicated that such compounds were anchored by interactions with the orthosteric site and extended into a common secondary pocket. A tailored virtual library with close to 13 000 compounds bearing 2,3-dichlorophenylpiperazine, a privileged orthosteric scaffold, connected to diverse chemical moieties via a linker was docked to the D<sub>2</sub>R model. Eighteen top-ranked compounds that occupied both the orthosteric and allosteric site were synthesized, leading to the discovery of 16 partial agonists. A majority of the ligands had comparable maximum effects in the G protein and β-arrestin recruitment assays, but a subset displayed preference for a single pathway. In particular, compound 4 stimulated β-arrestin recruitment (EC<sub>50</sub> = 320 nM, E<sub>max</sub> = 16%) but had no detectable G protein signaling. The use of structure-based screening and virtual libraries to discover GPCR ligands with tailored functional properties will be discussed.
Using coalitions of wind generators and electric vehicles for effective energy market participation (2011)

Wind power is becoming a significant source of electricity in many countries. However, the inherent uncertainty of wind generators does not allow them to participate in the forward electricity markets. In this paper, we foster a tighter integration of wind power into electricity markets by using a multi-agent coalition formation approach to form virtual power plants of wind generators and electric vehicles. We identify the four different phases in the life-cycle of a VPP, each characterised by its own challenges that need to be addressed.
Updated immunologic and clinical results from a phase 2 study of AGS-003, an autologous dendritic cell based therapy, in patients with newly diagnosed metastatic renal cell carcinoma in combination with sunitinib. (2011)

 21 subjects have received a total of more than 141 doses of AGS-003.  No grade 3 or 4 AEs related to AGS-003 were reported.  AEs were consistent with events expected for subjects on sunitinib alone with the exception of Grade 1 injection site reactions in approximately 50% of subjects.  No evidence of emergent autoimmune events were observed.
Phase Noise Sensitivity of Coherent FMCW LiDAR Measured by Variable linewidth Laser with Low-Frequency Compensation and Mirror Method (2022)

A variable linewidth light source using the mirror method and low-frequency compensation is applied to investigate the impact of laser phase noise on FMCW LiDAR.
Direct Observation of Bandgap Oscillations Induced by Optical Phonons in Hybrid Lead Iodide Perovskites (2020)

Abstract Hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites such as methylammonium lead iodide have emerged as promising semiconductors for energy‐relevant applications. The interactions between charge carriers and lattice vibrations, giving rise to polarons, have been invoked to explain some of their extraordinary optoelectronic properties. Here, time‐resolved optical spectroscopy is performed, with off‐resonant pumping and electronic probing, to examine several representative lead iodide perovskites. The temporal oscillations of electronic bandgaps induced by coherent lattice vibrations are reported, which is attributed to antiphase octahedral rotations that dominate in the examined 3D and 2D hybrid perovskites. The off‐resonant pumping scheme permits a simplified observation of changes in the bandgap owing to the A g vibrational mode, which is qualitatively different from vibrational modes of other symmetries and without increased complexity of photogenerated electronic charges. The work demonstrates a strong correlation between the lead–iodide octahedral framework and electronic transitions, and provides further insights into the manipulation of coherent optical phonons and related properties in hybrid perovskites on ultrafast timescales.
A functional variant of the dopamine D 3 receptor is associated with risk and age-at-onset of essential tremor (2006)

Familial essential tremor (ET), the most common inherited movement disorder, is generally transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait. A genome-wide scan for ET revealed one major locus on chromosome 3q13. Here, we report that the Ser9Gly variant in the dopamine D(3) receptor gene (DRD3), localized on 3q13.3, is associated and cosegregates with familial ET in 23 out of 30 French families. Sequencing revealed no other nonsynonymous variants in the DRD3-coding sequence and in the first 871 bp of the 5' flanking region. Moreover, Gly-9 homozygous patients presented with more severe and/or earlier onset forms of the disease than heterozygotes. A replication study comparing 276 patients with ET and 184 normal controls confirmed the association of the Gly-9 variant with risk and age-at-onset of ET. In human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293-transfected cells, the Gly-9 variant did not differ from the Ser-9 variant with respect to glycosylation and to anterograde and retrograde trafficking, but dopamine had an affinity that was four to five times higher. With the Gly-9 variant, the dopamine-mediated cAMP response was increased, and the mitogen-associated protein kinase (MAPK) signal was prolonged, as compared with the Ser-9 variant. The gain-of-function produced by the Gly-9 variant may explain why drugs active against tremor in Parkinson's disease (PD) are usually not effective in the treatment of ET and suggests that DRD3 partial agonists or antagonists should be considered as novel therapeutic options for patients with ET.
Cortical responses in rats to periodic frequency-modulated sounds (2000)

Spectral variations over time are a common characteristic of naturally occurring sounds. They constitute a prevalent feature in communication signals in several species. Studies of mammals have shown that auditory cortex neurons respond to single frequency-modulated (FM) sweeps and that most responses are selective for sweep direction and/or rate. Researchers have also used trains of FM sweeps to estimate spectrotemporal receptive fields in auditory cortex. In the present study, microelectrode recordings were used to explore how the auditory cortex responds to trains of FM sweeps in anesthetized rats. Maps of 20–60 penetrations were made for each subject. Sweep frequencies ranged from 1–16 kHz with FM rates ranging from 4–24 octaves/s and repetition rates from 2–24 sweeps/s. Both down-sweeps and up-sweeps were presented. Neuronal responses were analyzed in terms of onset, offset, oscillatory and directionally selective properties. Several types of responses predominated. Most units responded to sound onset. In contrast, responses to signal offsets were rare. Oscillatory responses were typically evoked only for repetition rates less than 12 sweep/s. Directionally selective responses were limited to these rates. These results indicate that oscillatory responses in the auditory cortex are limited to low repetition rate stimuli, and that directional selectivity depends on repetition rate. [Work supported by NSF.]
Nonlinear dielectric ceramics and their applications to capacitors and tunable dielectrics (2011)

Nonlinear ceramics that provide the basis for high-energy-density and high-temperature capacitors, as well as tunable microwave dielectrics, and their applications are discussed in this article.
Novel avian paramyxovirus (APMV-15) isolated from a migratory bird in South America (2017)

A novel avian paramyxovirus (APMV) isolated from a migratory bird cloacal swab obtained during active surveillance in April 2012 in the Lagoa do Peixe National Park, Rio Grande do Sul state, South of Brazil was biologically and genetically characterized. The nucleotide sequence of the full viral genome was completed using a next-generation sequencing approach. The genome was 14,952 nucleotides (nt) long, with six genes (3'-NP-P-M-F-HN-L-5') encoding 7 different proteins, typical of APMV. The fusion (F) protein gene of isolate RS-1177 contained 1,707 nucleotides in a single open reading frame encoding a protein of 569 amino acids. The F protein cleavage site contained two basic amino acids (VPKER↓L), typical of avirulent strains. Phylogenetic analysis of the whole genome indicated that the virus is related to APMV-10, -2 and -8, with 60.1% nucleotide sequence identity to the closest APMV-10 virus, 58.7% and 58.5% identity to the closest APMV-8 and APMV-2 genome, respectively, and less than 52% identity to representatives of the other APMVs groups. Such distances are comparable to the distances observed among other previously identified APMVs serotypes. These results suggest that unclassified/calidris_fuscicollis/Brazil/RS-1177/2012 is the prototype strain of a new APMV serotype, APMV-15.
N -Glycosylation with sulfoxide donors for the synthesis of peptidonucleosides (2021)

The synthesis of glycopyranosyl nucleosides modified in the sugar moiety has been less frequently explored, notably because of the lack of a reliable method to glycosylate pyrimidine bases. Herein we report a solution in the context of the synthesis of peptidonucleosides. They were obtained after glycosylation of different pyrimidine nucleobases with glucopyranosyl donors carrying an azide group at the C4 position. A methodological study involving different anomeric leaving groups (acetate, phenylsulfoxide and ortho-hexynylbenzoate) showed that a sulfoxide donor in combination with trimethylsilyl triflate as the promoter led to the best yields.