gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
38 HIGH OSMOLARITY AT EARLY CULTURE STAGE IMPROVES IN VITRO DEVELOPMENT OF PRE-IMPLANTATION PORCINE NUCLEAR TRANSFER EMBRYOS (2004)

Fragmentation occurs during early developmental stage of electrically activated oocytes and nuclear transfer (NT) embryos, and it might be the cause of the low developmental rate of pre-implantation porcine nuclear transfer embryos. The present study was conducted to investigate whether addition of sugars such as sorbitol and sucrose suppresses fragmentation and supports the development of NT embryos. Oocytes derived from a local abattoir were matured for 42–44 h and enucleated. Fetal fibroblast cells were obtained from a Day 35 porcine fetus. Parthenogenetically activated oocytes or NT embryos were cultured in PZM-3 for 6 days, or in PZM-3 supplemented with sorbitol or sucrose for 2 days and then cultured in PZM-3 for the remaining 4 days. The osmolarity of PZM-3, PZM-3 supplemented with 0.05 M or 0.1 M sorbitol, and PZM-3 with 0.05 M sucrose was 269 ± 6.31, 316 ± 3.13, 362 ± 4.37 and 315 ± 5.03 mOsm, respectively. When the parthogenotes were cultured in PZM-3 supplemented with 0.05 M sorbitol or sucrose for the first 2 days and then cultured in PZM-3 without sugar, a significantly higher (P &amp;lt; 0.05) cleavage rate and blastocyst rate was observed. Interestingly, sugar addition into PZM-3 at early culture stage for 2 days reduced the fragmentation rate compared to the rate in PZM-3 without sugar. In NT embryos, sugar addition into PZM-3 significantly (P &amp;lt; 0.05) increased the cleavage rate (67.6 ± 5.80 vs. 77.3 ± 3.03) and developmental rate to the blastocyst stage (10.2 ± 0.79 vs. 19.4 ± 1.77). There was no significant difference between treatments for the number of nuclei in the blastocysts. In addition the fragmentation rate in sugar-supplemented PZM-3 was reduced compared to that in PZM-3 without sugar (26.1 ± 4.30 vs. 14.5 ± 1.74). In conclusion, the increased osmolarity of PZM-3 with sugar supplementation at an early developmental stage for 48 h could increase the cleavage and developmental rate to the blastocyst stage by reducing the fragmentation rate.
Hypochlorite degrades 2D graphene oxide sheets faster than 1D oxidised carbon nanotubes and nanohorns (2017)

Abstract Carbon nanostructures are currently fuelling a revolution in science and technology in areas ranging from aerospace engineering to electronics. Oxidised carbon nanomaterials, such as graphene oxide, exhibit dramatically improved water dispersibility compared to their pristine equivalents, allowing their exploration in biology and medicine. Concomitant with these potential healthcare applications, the issue of degradability has been raised and has started to be investigated. The aim of the present study was to assess the potential of hypochlorite, a naturally occurring and industrially used ion, to degrade oxidised carbon nanomaterials within a week. Our main focus was to characterise the physical and chemical changes that occur during degradation of graphene oxide compared to two other oxidised carbon nanomaterials, namely carbon nanotubes and carbon nanohorns. The kinetics of degradation were closely monitored over a week using a battery of techniques including visual observation, UV–Vis spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, infra-red spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Graphene oxide was rapidly degraded into a dominantly amorphous structure lacking the characteristic Raman signature and microscopic morphology. Oxidised carbon nanotubes underwent degradation via a wall exfoliation mechanism, yet maintained a large fraction of the sp 2 carbon backbone, while the degradation of oxidised carbon nanohorns was somewhat intermediate. The present study shows the timeline of physical and chemical alterations of oxidised carbon nanomaterials, demonstrating a faster degradation of 2D graphene oxide sheets compared to 1D oxidised carbon nanomaterials over 7 days in the presence of an oxidising species.
Brief Announcement (2018)

Open Cilk is a new open-source platform to support Cilk multithreaded programming, especially for researchers and teachers. Open Cilk aims to provide a full-featured implementation of Cilk that is easy to modify and extend. Based on the award-winning Tapir/LLVM compiler, Open Cilk will provide a streamlined runtime system and feature comprehensive static instrumentation for dynamic-analysis tools. As a community-infrastructure project, Open Cilk encourages contributions from researchers in the areas of languages, compilers, runtime systems, tools, libraries, and benchmarks.
Advances in Drug Delivery (2011)

In this article, we review critical aspects in the area of drug delivery. Specifically, delivery of siRNA, remote-controlled delivery, noninvasive delivery, and nanotechnology in drug delivery are reviewed.
Empirically and Theoretically–Based Models for Predicting Brominated Ozonated By–Products (1994)

Abstract During water treatment, ozonation of waters containing bromide ion producesboth organic and inorganic disinfection byproducts. Bromide ion concentrations in U.S. waters range from 0.01 to 2 mg/L (Krasner, 1989). Bromoformand dibromoacetic acid (DBAA) are the major organic byproducts and bromateion is the major inorganic byproduct derived from ozonation. Bromoform is a known carcinogen and the existence of bromate ion in water supplies also is of public health concern (Lykins, 1986). Bromate ion causes renal failure and hearing loss in laboratory animals and in human beings (Kruithof, 1992). The provisional guideline for bromate ion as proposed by the World Health Organization is 25 pg/L and may be exceeded in water treatment processesusing ozone. Also draft drinking water regulations in the U.S. will specify a maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 10 µg/L for bromate ion and a bestavailable treatment (BAT) of pH adjustment. Key WordsKey Words: OzoneBromide IonBromate IonBromoformOzone ByproductsModels to Predict Brominated Ozone ByproductsDrinking Water TreatmentTOBr Formation
Long term culture of human mesenchymal stem cells on Corning® Synthemax® II microcarriers in xeno-free conditions (2012)

Large scale production of human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hMSCs) for cell therapy faces several challenges, including the requirement of large surface area and defined, xeno-free culture conditions. Microcarrier technology provides an effective solution for large scale cell production. Here we report the long term culture of human bone marrow-derived MSCs on Corning Synthemax II synthetic microcarriers in xeno-free medium, in disposable spinner flasks. Cells were maintained for 7 weeks on microcarriers under agitated conditions and population scale-up was obtained by addition of fresh beads and spontaneous bead-to-bead transfer. Under these conditions, cells expanded 10,000-fold while maintaining their immunophenotype and tri-lineage differentiation potential. To our knowledge, this report is the first example of long term culture of hMSCs on synthetic microcarriers in xeno-free conditions.
Implementation of adaptive channel inversion in a real-time MIMO system (2005)

The implementation of adaptive channel inversion into a real-time single carrier MIMO test-bed is reported for the first time. Since no joint detection is possible at the distributed users, all signal preprocessing is performed at the transmitter which adapts the transmission links to all the mobile terminals depending on the actual channel situation. This means that the number of reliably supportable users is controlled as well as the modulation, ensuring BER targets for all users. The implemented algorithms are described and measurement results have shown the stable sum rate throughput of several 10 Mbit/s for a MIMO base station with 4 transmit antennas which supports up to 4 mobile terminals simultaneously. Since the transmission is based on optimum feedback of the channel knowledge to the transmitter, the results given here can be understood as a kind of an upper practical performance bound for the application of linear channel pre-distortion.
In vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy of human fetal neural transplants (1999)

To better define the survival and cellular composition of human fetal neurotransplants in vivo, we performed quantitative 1H MRS to determine the concentration of the neuronal amino acid [N-acetylaspartate] within MRI-visible grafts. In all, 71 grafts in 38 patients [24 Parkinson's disease (PD), 14 Huntington's disease (HD)] were examined, as well as 24 untreated PD and HD patients and 13 age-matched normal controls. MRI appearances of edema were present in three out of 71 grafts, the remainder being consistent with histologically identified viable neural transplant tissue. N-acetylaspartate (NAA), creatine, choline, myoinositol and glutamine plus glutamate (Glx) were identified in all post-transplant putamens, with abnormal metabolites, lactate and/or lipid detectable in only three patients. Of 71 grafts, 19 occupied more than 60% of the MRS-examined volume (VOI) (mean 84.2 +/- 3%; range 61-100%). In those, [NAA] was 8.50 +/- 0.99 mM in eight PD spectra and 6.59 +/- 0.81 mM in 11 HD spectra, and was not significantly different from controls. In contrast, transplanted fetal neurones contain less than 0.4 mM of the neuronal amino acid NAA. This suggests that established fetal neurotransplants in the human putamen of both PD and HD patients are populated by adult neurones, axons and dendrites.
Diarrhea Associated with Rotavirus in Rural Guatemala: A Longitudinal Study of 24 Infants and Young Children (1979)

A population of 24 infants and young children followed prospectively during the first 3 years of life was studied for the occurrence of rotavirus infection by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect virus in stools. Infection with rotavirus was associated with 26 (14.2%) of 183 selected diarrheal episodes. Twenty of the 24 infants and young children had diarrhea associated with rotavirus on at least one occasion and six had two such episodes. Rotavirus infection was documented in over 50% of the dehydrating episodes studied, thus further indicating the importance of rotavirus in this population.
ESA Optical Ground Station Upgrade with Adaptive Optics for High Data Rate Satellite-to-Ground Links-Test Results (2019)

In this paper, we present the design, fabrication and factory acceptance testing results of the receive (RX) adaptive optics add-on to the ESA optical ground station (1 m telescope). The system is suited to be operated with laser communication systems at 1064 nm wavelength or alternatively with one in the 1550 nm region. The wave-front sensor is a Shack-Hartmann-sensor (21 sub-apertures across the pupil), matched to a 24×24 actuator deformable mirror (DM). The system is able to remove a large part of the turbulence induced and static wave-front errors by using more than 300 degrees of freedom ("modes"). Due to a special high-speed infrared camera, the control loop can run at an update rate of 4 kHz in excess. Furthermore, we present an outlook on the future use of an adaptive optics system in the Coudé path of the ESA optical ground station, supporting pre-distortion of the uplink beam.
Editorial (2006)

eDitoriaLModern trends in chemistry, especially synthetic organic chemistry, are concerned with efficient reactions.The main focus is on selective reactions and the avoidance of the use of environmentally critical solvents or reagents, with the aim to reduce waste.A further aspect is energy transport into a reaction system.During the last two decades it could be clearly demonstrated that reactions under microwave irradiation are faster.This is based on the efficient energy transfer directly into the reaction medium.Microwave irradiation is one of the socalled non-classical methods.Other examples for non-classical or non-traditional methods are reactions under ultrasound irradiation or plasma chemistry.Microwave irradiation in combination with other techniques, e.g.solvent-free procedures, minimize waste and pollution and agree with the concepts of 'Green Chemistry'.
Intrathecal Administration of Liposomal Morphine in a Mouse Model (1995)

The authors determined the duration of analgesia, toxicity, and neuraxial distribution of liposomal morphine after intrathecal administration in the mouse. Analgesic duration was determined using the tail-flick test after intrathecal injection of 12.5, 25, or 50 micrograms of plain or liposomal morphine (n = 6 mice/dose/formulation). Toxicity of the formulations was compared by estimating LD50. Neuraxial morphine distribution was determined after 20 micrograms of plain or liposomal morphine. The excised spinal cord and brain were divided into five segments at 1 min, and at 1, 4, and 8 h after injection for both formulations. In addition, for the liposomal morphine, similar sections were obtained at 24 h (n = 6 mice/formulation/time point). Segmental morphine concentration was quantified using radioimmunoassay. Liposomal encapsulation significantly prolonged duration of analgesia for the 25-micrograms (13.4 +/- 1.64 [SE] vs 4.1 +/- 0.5 h) and 50-micrograms doses (16.8 +/- 4.0 vs 4.6 +/- 1.0 h). The estimated LD50 was 200 (confidence interval 151-257 micrograms) for plain morphine, but was not determinable for the liposomal formulation, since no deaths occurred at the largest dose level which could be tested (371 micrograms). For plain morphine, the drug was not confined to a specific neuraxial segment, and segmental levels declined rapidly. After liposomal morphine, the most morphine was concentrated and persisted in the low spinal cord segment at each time interval. These results show that a single dose of liposomal morphine produces prolonged analgesia with decreased toxicity compared to the plain formulation.
Abstract 19108: Cardiac Myosin Activator Omecamtiv Mecarbil Improves Left Atrial Structure and Function in Chronic Heart Failure (COSMIC-HF) (2016)

Introduction: Left atrial (LA) size is generally increased and LA function reduced in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Omecamtiv mecarbil (OM) is a selective cardiac myosin activator which recently was shown to improve measures of left ventricular structure and function. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that chronic therapy with OM improves LA structure and function in patients with CHF. Methods: In the double-blinded COSMIC-HF trial, 448 patients with stable, symptomatic CHF and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤40% were randomly assigned to oral OM [25 mg twice daily; or 25 mg twice daily with pharmacokinetic-guided uptitration to 50 mg twice daily (PK group)] or placebo for 20 weeks. We assessed changes in measures of LA structure (maximal and minimal LA volume indexed by body surface area) and function (LA emptying fraction, or LA EF) by echocardiography between the placebo (n=149) and PK groups (n=149) at weeks 12 and 20. LS means were calculated from repeated measure models which assessed the treatment differences vs placebo and included the stratification factor of presence or absence of atrial fibrillation/flutter at randomization, baseline value, visit, and the treatment group by visit interaction as covariates. Results: Patients were 63±11 years old, predominantly (82%) male, with LVEF of 29.1±7.3%, maximal LA volume of 41.0±15.4 mL/m 2 , minimal LA volume of 28.2± 14.7 mL/m 2 and LA EF of 34.2±13.3%; there were no differences between the placebo and PK group at baseline. Both minimal LA volume and LA EF improved significantly in patients receiving OM ( Figure ). Conclusion: In patients with chronic heart failure and reduced systolic function, OM improved measures of LA structure and function. Given the absence of any direct effect on preload or afterload by OM, further analyses will be performed to attempt to assess the relative contributions of intrinsic increases in atrial contractility and improvements in atrial remodeling and loading conditions.
Journal Flexibility in the Troubling Times of COVID-19 (2020)

Dear authors, reviewers, and editors,

Given the current COVID-19 pandemic, we, the Editors-in-Chief and publishers of multiple plant-focused journals, have had questions from members of our community about our flexibility in these troubled times. Like many of you, we and our colleagues on our
The use of Nanotrap particles for biodefense and emerging infectious disease diagnostics (2014)

Detection of early infectious disease may be challenging due to the low copy number of organisms present. To overcome this limitation and rapidly measure low concentrations of the pathogen, we developed a novel technology: Nanotrap particles, which are designed to capture, concentrate, and protect biomarkers from complex biofluids. Nanotrap particles are thermoresponsive hydrogels that are capable of antigen capture through the coupling of affinity baits to the particles. Here, we describe recent findings demonstrating that Nanotrap particles are able to capture live infectious virus, viral RNA, and viral proteins. Capture is possible even in complex mixtures such as serum and allows the concentration and protection of these analytes, providing increased performance of downstream assays. The Nanotrap particles are a versatile sample preparation technology that has far reaching implications for biomarker discovery and diagnostic assays.
Lid cooling for notebooks (2008)

In this paper, we investigate the effective use of the notebook lid area for passive heat dissipation. We address the hinge design challenges associated with this and propose different spreader options for increasing the overall effectiveness of this solution. For transferring the heat to the lid, we have designed and developed a novel thermo-mechanical hybrid hinge that can provide the required torque and simultaneously conduct the heat from the component in the base to the lid. The mechanical and thermal performances and its reliability were evaluated under an accelerated degradation testing environment over a period of 22,000 cycles. The performance degradation observed was within the experimental error of 5%. While a standard Aluminium spreader does increase overall passive dissipation, it was found that this could be further increased by 80% through the use of advanced graphite spreaders. As a second low cost alternative, we also found that an aluminium spreader with 3 flattened heat pipes (1 mm thick) attached to its surface increased cooling by 40% as compared to an Aluminium spreader. Final experiments on a notebook by use of the hybrid hinge and an advanced graphite spreader based lid cooling solution demonstrated a 60% increase in passive dissipation over a regular notebook without lid cooling.
Purified EDEM3 or EDEM1 alone produces determinant oligosaccharide structures from M8B in mammalian glycoprotein ERAD (2021)

Sequential mannose trimming of <i>N</i>-glycan, from M9 to M8B and then to oligosaccharides exposing the α1,6-linked mannosyl residue (M7A, M6, and M5), facilitates endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation of misfolded glycoproteins (gpERAD). We previously showed that EDEM2 stably disulfide-bonded to the thioredoxin domain-containing protein TXNDC11 is responsible for the first step (George et al., 2020). Here, we show that EDEM3 and EDEM1 are responsible for the second step. Incubation of pyridylamine-labeled M8B with purified EDEM3 alone produced M7 (M7A and M7C), M6, and M5. EDEM1 showed a similar tendency, although much lower amounts of M6 and M5 were produced. Thus, EDEM3 is a major α1,2-mannosidase for the second step from M8B. Both EDEM3 and EDEM1 trimmed M8B from a glycoprotein efficiently. Our confirmation of the Golgi localization of MAN1B indicates that no other α1,2-mannosidase is required for gpERAD. Accordingly, we have established the entire route of oligosaccharide processing and the enzymes responsible.
Spectral Temporal Graph Neural Network for Trajectory Prediction (2021)

An effective understanding of the contextual environment and accurate motion forecasting of surrounding agents is crucial for the development of autonomous vehicles and social mobile robots. This task is challenging since the behavior of an autonomous agent is not only affected by its own intention, but also by the static environment and surrounding dynamically interacting agents. Previous works focused on utilizing the spatial and temporal information in time domain while not sufficiently taking advantage of the cues in frequency domain. To this end, we propose a Spectral Temporal Graph Neural Network (SpecTGNN), which can capture inter-agent correlations and temporal dependency simultaneously in frequency domain in addition to time domain. SpecTGNN operates on both an agent graph with dynamic state information and an environment graph with the features extracted from context images in two streams. The model integrates graph Fourier transform, spectral graph convolution and temporal gated convolution to encode history information and forecast future trajectories. Moreover, we incorporate a multi-head spatio-temporal attention mechanism to mitigate the effect of error propagation in a long time horizon. We demonstrate the performance of SpecTGNN on two public trajectory prediction benchmark datasets, which achieves state-of-the-art performance in terms of prediction accuracy.
LprG-Mediated Surface Expression of Lipoarabinomannan Is Essential for Virulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2014)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis employs various virulence strategies to subvert host immune responses in order to persist and cause disease. Interaction of M. tuberculosis with mannose receptor on macrophages via surface-exposed lipoarabinomannan (LAM) is believed to be critical for cell entry, inhibition of phagosome-lysosome fusion, and intracellular survival, but in vivo evidence is lacking. LprG, a cell envelope lipoprotein that is essential for virulence of M. tuberculosis, has been shown to bind to the acyl groups of lipoglycans but the role of LprG in LAM biosynthesis and localization remains unknown. Using an M. tuberculosis lprG mutant, we show that LprG is essential for normal surface expression of LAM and virulence of M. tuberculosis attributed to LAM. The lprG mutant had a normal quantity of LAM in the cell envelope, but its surface was altered and showed reduced expression of surface-exposed LAM. Functionally, the lprG mutant was defective for macrophage entry and inhibition of phagosome-lysosome fusion, was attenuated in macrophages, and was killed in the mouse lung with the onset of adaptive immunity. This study identifies the role of LprG in surface-exposed LAM expression and provides in vivo evidence for the essential role surface LAM plays in M. tuberculosis virulence. Findings have translational implications for therapy and vaccine development.
Fibre optic sensing system for monitoring of current collectors and overhead contact lines of railways (2017)

Abstract. Fibre optic sensors are excellent tools to use for monitoring high-voltage current collectors. Because of their small cross section and electrical neutrality, they are easily integrated into the current collector strip and are well specialized for detection of high-speed load events. The conventional contact force measurement with four force sensors below the collector strips can also be simplified by using fibre optic force and acceleration sensors.