gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Observations and biogeochemical modeling reveal chlorophyll diel cycle with near-sunset maxima in the Red Sea (2023)

The Red Sea is an extremely warm tropical sea that hosts diverse ecosystems; thus, it is important to understand its ecology in the context of global warming. Using a coupled physical–biogeochemical model validated against in situ data, we provide the first report on the diel cycle (i.e., diel variability) in the Red Sea chlorophyll (CHL) concentration, revealing near-sunset CHL maxima at 17h ± 1h local time over the entire basin. This CHL peak time is considerably later than those reported in most other oceans, suggesting low grazing rates in this high-irradiance tropical sea. Model-based analyses reveal that CHL diel cycle is predominantly controlled by irradiance, whereas longer-timescale (e.g., seasonal) CHL variability is regulated by nutrient availability, suggesting a light-limited biological production at diel timescale. The identified CHL diel cycle comprises a fundamental component of the Red Sea ecology and has implications for CHL remote sensing and in situ measurements.
Supplementary Table 3 from High Fidelity Patient-Derived Xenografts for Accelerating Prostate Cancer Discovery and Drug Development (2023)

&lt;p&gt;XLSX file - 12K, Supplementary Table 3: Clinical information of grafted cases.&lt;/p&gt;
A Concept for Upgrade of FLASH2 Undulator Line (2019)

FLASH is the first soft X-ray FEL user facility, routinely providing brilliant photon beams for users since 2005. There are plans to upgrade both existing undulator lines of this facility, FLASH1 and FLASH2. FLASH1 will mainly operate in XUV range in seeding and SASE modes, while FLASH2 will use the standard SASE regime as well as new lasing concepts aiming at production of brilliant photon beams on the fundamental and harmonics down to 1nm. In this paper we present a concept for FLASH2 upgrade, and discuss different advanced options.
Scintillation Properties of LS0:Ce Boules (2000)

We investigated the scintillation characteristics of 1880 LSO crystals that were cut from 76 crystal boules. We measured the light output and energy resolution of all 1880 crystals, and also measured the decay times of 1169 of the. crystals. We observed trends in light output and energy resolution that were not previously evident from studies of small numbers of crystals, and in addition, a correlation between light output and decay time became evident for the fEst time. The results may be .interpreted in terms of the properties of the two Ce scintillation centeis in LSO, the effect of quenching centers, and the effects of Ce segregation during crystal growth.
Error Analysis for Vector Scope Measurement of Pulmonary Mechanics (1978)

The errors that are incurred by misreading the angle on the oscilloscope face in the determination of pulmonary compliance, resistance, and functional residual capacity with a vector scope are presented. Results indicate that the calculated value will be within 10% of the correct value, provided that the oscilloscope angle is between 10.5 and 78.5 degrees, and the reading error is less than 1 degree.
Interferon-γ Produced by EBV-Positive Neoplastic NK-Cells Induces Differentiation into Macrophages and Procoagulant Activity of Monocytes, Which Leads to HLH (2021)

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-positive T- or NK-cell neoplasms show progressive systemic inflammation and abnormal blood coagulation causing hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). It was reported that inflammatory cytokines were produced and secreted by EBV-positive neoplastic T- or NK-cells. These cytokines can induce the differentiation of monocytes into macrophages leading to HLH. To clarify which products of EBV-positive neoplastic T- or NK-cells have effects on monocytes, we performed a co-culture assay of monocytes with the supernatants of EBV-positive T- or NK-cell lines. The expression of differentiation markers, the phagocytosis ability, and the mRNA expression of the inflammatory cytokines of THP-1, a monocytic cell line, clearly increased after culturing with the supernatants from EBV-NK-cell lines. Co-culturing with the supernatants promoted the expression of CD80 and CD206 as well as M1 and M2 macrophage markers in human monocytes. Co-culturing with the supernatants of EBV-NK-cell lines significantly enhanced the procoagulant activity and the tissue factor expression of monocytes. Interferon (IFN)-γ was elevated extremely not only in the supernatant of EBV-NK-cell lines but also in the plasma of EBV-positive NK-cell neoplasms patients accompanying HLH. Finally, we confirmed that IFN-γ directly enhanced the differentiation into M1-like macrophages and the procoagulant activity of monocytes. Our findings suggest that IFN-γ may potentially serve as a therapeutic target to regulate HLH in EBV-positive NK-cell neoplasms.
Demonstration of Tunable Optical Aggregation of QPSK to 16-QAM Over Optically Generated Nyquist Pulse Trains Using Nonlinear Wave Mixing and a Kerr Frequency Comb (2019)

A tunable and reconfigurable optical aggregation system is experimentally demonstrated. Optical Nyquist pulses are generated on multiple channels using a microresonator-based Kerr optical frequency comb and insertion of uniform lines by an intensity modulator. Data are modulated on optically generated Nyquist pulses and aggregated through nonlinear wave mixing in a periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) waveguide. Two quadrature-phase-shift-keying (QPSK) channels are aggregated to a single 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (16-QAM) channel of Nyquist pulses. To demonstrate the system tunability, we perform aggregation over different baud rates and different modulation formats. The reconfigurability of the system is demonstrated by aggregating two binary-phase-shift-keying (BPSK) channels into a QPSK or a 2-level amplitude-shift keying and a 2-level phase-shift keying (2-ASK/2-PSK) channel by tuning the relative phase and amplitude of the inputs. Furthermore, three BPSK channels are aggregated into one 4-ASK/2-PSK channel. The quality of the aggregated channel is investigated using two different approaches for wave mixing in the PPLN waveguide.
Importance of Heat-Up Ramp Rate for Palladium-Silicide Fully-Silicided-Gate Structure Formation (2006)

Silicidation process for fully-silicided (FUSI) Pd/sub 2/Si gate formation has been investigated. Two types of heating equipment was used for siliciding palladium deposited on a poly-Si/SiO/sub 2//Si MOS structure. One is lamp heating in a sputtering chamber and another is hot-plate heating. The former provide slower heat-up ramp because of relatively large thermal capacity. In this case, metal-rich phase was formed in the first stage of silicidation and it changed to Pd/sub 2/Si phase by additional heating after completion of silicidation reaction. FUSI utilizes impurity pre-doping to poly-Si to modulate workfunction. Pre-doping to poly-Si sometimes resulted in needle structure formation on a top of silicided film and voids at the interface between silicide and SiO/sub 2/. These defects were reduced by silicidation with hot plate heating. In addition, Pd/sub 2/Si phase was obtained at the early stage of silicidation. Palladium and silicon reacts even at temperatures lower than 250/spl deg/C. Therefore, in the case of the lamp heating, silicidation during heating is not negligible. These results are explainable considering change of major diffusion species during silicidation.
Adenovirus type 5 early region 4 is responsible for E1A-induced p53-independent apoptosis (1996)

In the absence of E1B, the 289- and 243-residue E1A products of human adenovirus type 5 induce p53-dependent apoptosis. However, our group has shown recently that the 289-residue E1A protein is also able to induce apoptosis by a p53-independent mechanism (J. G. Teodoro, G. C. Shore, and P. E. Branton, Oncogene 11:467-474, 1995). Preliminary results suggested that p53-independent cell death required expression of one or more additional adenovirus early gene products. Here we show that both the E1B 19-kDa protein and cellular Bcl-2 inhibit or significantly delay p53-independent apoptosis. Neither early region E2 or E3 appeared to be necessary for such cell death. Analysis of a series of E1A mutants indicated that mutations in the transactivation domain and other regions of E1A correlated with E1A-mediated transactivation of E4 gene expression. Furthermore, p53-deficient human SAOS-2 cells infected with a mutant which expresses E1B but none of the E4 gene products remained viable for considerably longer times than those infected with wild-type adenovirus type 5. In addition, an adenovirus vector lacking both E1 and E4 was unable to induce DNA degradation and cell killing in E1A-expressing cell lines. These data showed that an E4 product is essential for E1A-induced p53-independent apoptosis.
An APD/FET optical receiver operating at 8 Gbit/s (1987)

A high-sensitivity optical receiver has been designed for a bit rate of 8 Gbit/s and wavelengths of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1.3-1.55\mu</tex> m. The receiver uses a 60-GHz gain-bandwidth-product InGaAs/InGaAsP/InP avalanche photodiode followed by a high-impedance hybrid GaAs MESFET preamplifier. A bandwidth of 6.9 GHz was measured, with flat frequency response ±2 dB being obtained through the use of a 3-tap transversal equalizer. A sensitivity <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\bar{P}</tex> as high as -25.8 dBm was measured for 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-9</sup> bit-error rate.
Superplastic Forming Properties of TIMETAL<sup>®</sup>54M (Ti-5%Al-4%V-0.6%Mo-0.4%Fe) Sheets (2010)

Superplastic forming (SPF) properties of TIMETAL54M (Ti-5Al-4V-0.6Mo-0.4Fe, or Ti-54M) sheet were investigated. A total elongation of Ti-54M exceeds 500% at temperatures between 750°C and 850°C at a strain rate of 10-3/S. Values of strain rate sensitivity (m-value) measured by jump strain rate tests are 0.45 ~0.6 in a temperature range of 730°C to 900°C at a strain arte of 5 x 10-4/S or 1 x 10-4/S. Flow stress of the alloy is 20 ~ 40% lower than that of Ti-6Al-4V (Ti-64) mill annealed sheet. The observation of microstructure after the tests revealed the indication of grain boundary sliding in a wide range of temperatures and strain rates.
Supplementary Material from Evaluation of a chemical library of small-molecule Dishevelled antagonists that suppress tumor growth by down-regulating T-cell factor–mediated transcription (2023)

Supplementary Material from Evaluation of a chemical library of small-molecule Dishevelled antagonists that suppress tumor growth by down-regulating T-cell factor–mediated transcription
Focused acoustic pulses of finite amplitude and their influence on cavitation bubble dynamics (1994)

A computer code that solves the KZK equation in the time domain [Lee and Hamilton, UltrasonicsIntl. 91 ConferenceProceedings (Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, 1991), pp. 177–180] is modified to include the effects of focusing on pulsed sound beams of finite amplitude. Single cycle pulses, similar to those used in lithotripsy and high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) surgery, are considered. The numerical results demonstrate the combined effects of nonlinearity, absorption, diffraction, and focusing on the waveform distortion and shock formation in short acoustic pulses. Self-defocusing associated with shock formation is also taken into account. Propagation curves are shown for the positive peak pressure amplitude (P+) and the negative peak pressure amplitude (P−) along the axis of the source. The calculated pressure waveforms are used as input to computer codes that model bubble dynamics. Predicted radius-time curves are presented for the response of a bubble due to a focused acoustic pulse of finite amplitude. Gas diffusion from the liquid into the vapor bubble, and the roles of P+ and P− in the diffusion process, are also considered. [Work supported by the National Institute of Health.]
Image authentication by motion blur consistency verification (2010)

Fake images have become ubiquitous today in society, as they can be created at the expense of a few clicks using photo manipulation software. The detection of splicing in images has received research attention in recent years. In this paper, we present a novel method of detecting splicing in images, using discrepancies in motion blur. We use motion blur estimation through spectral matting in order to detect inconsistencies between the spliced region and the rest of the image. Experimental results show the effectiveness of our technique. Comparison studies show that this technique performs better than existing blur-based techniques when applied to motion blur.
Data from <i>In vivo</i> Administration of Artificial Antigen-Presenting Cells Activates Low-Avidity T Cells for Treatment of Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;The development of effective antitumor immune responses is normally constrained by low-avidity, tumor-specific CTLs that are unable to eradicate the tumor. Strategies to rescue antitumor activity of low-avidity melanoma-specific CTLs &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; may improve immunotherapy efficacy. To boost the &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; effectiveness of low-avidity CTLs, we immunized mice bearing lung melanoma metastases with artificial antigen-presenting cells (aAPC), made by covalently coupling &lt;sup&gt;pep&lt;/sup&gt;MHC-Ig dimers and B7.1-Ig molecules to magnetic beads. aAPC treatment induced significant tumor reduction in a mouse telomerase antigen system, and complete tumor eradication in a mouse TRP-2 antigen system, when low-avidity CTLs specific for these antigens were adoptively transferred. In addition, in an &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; treatment model of subcutaneous melanoma, aAPC injection also augmented the activity of adoptively transferred CTLs and significantly delayed tumor growth. &lt;i&gt;In vivo&lt;/i&gt; tumor clearance due to aAPC administration correlated with &lt;i&gt;in situ&lt;/i&gt; proliferation of the transferred CTL. &lt;i&gt;In vitro&lt;/i&gt; studies showed that aAPC effectively stimulated cytokine release, enhanced CTL-mediated lysis, and TCR downregulation in low-avidity CTLs. Therefore, &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; aAPC administration represents a potentially novel approach to improve cancer immunotherapy. [Cancer Res 2009;69(24):9376–84]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Ice Lithography for Nanodevices (2016)

We report the successful application of a new approach, ice lithography (IL), to fabricate nanoscale devices. The entire IL process takes place inside a modified scanning electron microscope (SEM), where a vapor-deposited film of water ice serves as a resist for e-beam lithography, greatly simplifying and streamlining device fabrication. We show that labile nanostructures such as carbon nanotubes can be safely imaged in an SEM when coated in ice. The ice film is patterned at high e-beam intensity and serves as a mask for lift-off without the device degradation and contamination associated with e-beam imaging and polymer resist residues. We demonstrate the IL preparation of carbon nanotube field effect transistors with high-quality trans-conductance properties.
Indentation of single-crystal silicon nanolines: Buckling and contact friction at nanoscales (2009)

High-quality single-crystal silicon nanolines (SiNLs) with a 24 nm linewidth and a height/width aspect ratio of 15 were fabricated. The mechanical properties of the SiNLs were characterized by nanoindentation tests with an atomic force microscope. The indentation load-displacement curves showed an instability with large displacement bursts at a critical load ranging from 9 to 30 μN. This phenomenon was attributed to a transition of the buckling mode of the SiNLs under indentation, which occurred preceding the final fracture of the nanolines. The mechanics of SiNLs under indentation was analyzed by finite element simulations, which revealed two different buckling modes depending on the contact friction at the nanoscale.
Extent of single vision areas and determination of iso-perceived depth lines for symmetric fixation (1997)

By mean of a dichoptic setup using only disparity and form cues, single vision areas of two observers were first determined at 40 cm fixation distance for eccentricities between -12° and +12°. In a second part, the observers had to adjust, vertical lines in order to set fronto-parallel planes in front and behind the fixation point, within the range of single vision. Both observers made systematic depth evaluation errors, setting a family of curves of increasing curvature instead of a succession of planes. Our results discredit a general rigid rule for the establishment of a relationship between perceived and physical space.
Article Commentary: Stem Cell Research in Cell Transplantation: An Analysis of Geopolitical Influence by Publications (2007)

One of the fastest growing fields in researching treatments for neurodegenerative and other disorders is the use of stem cells. These cells are naturally occurring and can be obtained from three different stages of an organism's life: embryonic, fetal, and adult. In the US, political doctrine has restricted use of federal funds for stem cells, enhancing research towards an adult source. In order to determine how this legislation may be represented by the stem cell field, a retrospective analysis of stem cell articles published in the journal Cell Transplantation over a 2-year period was performed. Cell Transplantation is considered a translational journal from preclinical to clinical, so it was of interest to determine the publication outcome of stem cell articles 6 years after the US regulations. The distribution of the source of stem cells was found to be biased towards the adult stage, but relatively similar over the embryonic and fetal stages. The fetal stem cell reports were primarily neural in origin, whereas the adult stem cell ones were predominantly mesenchymal and used mainly in neural studies. The majority of stem cell studies published in Cell Transplantation were found to fall under the umbrella of neuroscience research. American scientists published the most articles using stem cells with a bias towards adult stem cells, supporting the effect of the legislation, whereas Europe was the leading continent with a bias towards embryonic and fetal stem cells, where research is "controlled" but not restricted. Japan was also a major player in the use of stem cells. Allogeneic transplants (where donor and recipient are the same species) were the most common transplants recorded, although the transplantation of human-derived stem cells into rodents was the most common specific transplantation performed. This demonstrates that the use of stem cells is an increasingly important field (with a doubling of papers between 2005 and 2006), which is likely to develop into a major therapeutic area over the next few decades and that funding restrictions can affect the type of research being performed.
Long-Term Results from an Epiretinal Prosthesis to Restore Sight to the Blind (2015)

The 3-year results of the Argus II trial support the long-term safety profile and benefit of the Argus II System for patients blind from RP. Earlier results from this trial were used to gain approval of the Argus II by the Food and Drug Administration and a CE mark in Europe. The Argus II System is the first and only retinal implant to have both approvals.
On Sensing-Access Tradeoff in Cognitive Radio Networks (2010)

In cognitive radio networks (CRNs), the design of an optimal spectrum sensing scheme is an important problem that has recently been drawing consideration attention. Various sensing-related performance tradeoffs have been studied as an efficient means to maximize the secondary network performance. Despite its importance, however, the sensing-access tradeoff-between sensing overhead and the MAC-layer contention among secondary users in accessing the thus-discovered spectrum opportunities-has not yet been accounted for. In this paper, we show that the secondary network throughput can be improved significantly by incorporating the sensing-access tradeoff in the design of spectrum sensing. We first introduce a new concept of (¿, ß)-contention spectrum sharing and analyze the sensing requirement to meet a certain channel contention constraint by using the improper list-coloring in graph theory. Specifically, we derive the relationship among the sensing requirements, the secondary network density, and the transmission power of secondary users. To maximize the network throughput, we propose a distributed spectrum-sharing algorithm, called Smart Share, which exploits channel contention and heterogeneous channel conditions to maximize the secondary network throughput. We also describe how to realize Smart Share in an 802.11 MAC protocol for its practical use and evaluation. Our simulation-based evaluation shows that, sensing an optimal number of channels for given network density can improve the achievable throughput of SmartShare by up to 60% over a single-channel sensing strategy.
Diet in an urban Papua New Guinea population with high levels of cardiovascular risk factors (1996)

Usual food consumption patterns and nutrient intakes were estimated by food frequency questionnaire in the urban Wanigela people of Koki in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea (PNG). This group is characterised by a high prevalence of non‐insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Dietary data were available for 285 subjects, 38% of subjects attending a larger health survey: the study group was considered representative of the Koki population. Mean energy intakes, 11.5 mJ in men and 10.5 mJ in women, were in excess of estimated requirements, especially in women. Fat intake was predominantly saturated and although the percentage contribution was relatively low, the absolute intake was close to the level estimated for individuals consuming the recommended proportion of fat at an energy intake to maintain a healthy weight. Levels of body mass index (BMI), waist/hip ratio (WHR), fasting and 2‐hour glucose and insulin, triglycerides, cholesterol, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and modernity score were not different across tertiles of dietary fat content, energy intake or energy‐adjusted fat intake in men, but modernity score tended to increase with fat intake in women. Fibre intake was surprisingly low given the relative importance of local starchy staples which contributed to a high intake of total and complex carbohydrate. Cooking bananas and white rice were the main sources of energy and carbohydrate, fresh fish was the main protein source, and most of the fat in the diet was from coconut products, representing a diet transitional between a traditional coastal diet and a modern western diet. With continuing modernization and increasing dependence on imported foods it seems likely that many communities in PNG will experience increases in the prevalence of NIDDM and CVD.