gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Advances in Super-resolution Microscopy (2018)

Super-resolution
microscopy, in light microscopy, is a term that gathers several techniques,
which allow images to be taken with a higher resolution than the one imposed by
the diffraction limit. Due to the diffraction of light, the resolution in
conventional light microscopy is limited, as stated (for the special case of
widefield illumination) by Ernst Abbe in 1873. In this context, a
diffraction-limited microscope with numerical aperture N.A. and light with
wavelength λ reaches a lateral resolution of d = λ/(2 N.A.) - a similar
formalism can be followed for the axial resolution (along the optical axis,
z-resolution, depth resolution). The resolution for a standard optical
microscope in the visible light spectrum is about 200 nm laterally and 600 nm
axially. Experimentally, the attained resolution can be measured from the full
width at half maximum (FWHM) of the point spread function (PSF) using images of
point-like objects. Although the resolving power of a microscope is not well
defined, it is generally considered that a super-resolution microscopy
technique offers a resolution better than the one stipulated by Abbe.


	


	In the present book, twelve typical literatures about super-resolution microscopy published on international authoritative
journals were selected to introduce the worldwide newest progress, which
contains reviews or original researches on Face Hallucination Super Resolution, Sparse-coding Super-Resolution, Structured illumination microscopy, Stimulated emission depletion, Localization microscopy and Omnipresent Localization Microscopy, etc. We hope this book can
demonstrate advances in Super-resolution microscopy as well
as give references to the researchers, students and other related people.
Inhibition of DNA Methyltransferase Inhibits DNA Replication (2000)

Ectopic expression of DNA methyltransferase transforms vertebrate cells, and inhibition of DNA methyltransferase reverses the transformed phenotype by an unknown mechanism. We tested the hypothesis that the presence of an active DNA methyltransferase is required for DNA replication in human non-small cell lung carcinoma A549 cells. We show that the inhibition of DNA methyltransferase by two novel mechanisms negatively affects DNA synthesis and progression through the cell cycle. Competitive polymerase chain reaction of newly synthesized DNA shows decreased origin activity at three previously characterized origins of replication following DNA methyltransferase inhibition. We suggest that the requirement of an active DNA methyltransferase for the functioning of the replication machinery has evolved to coordinate DNA replication and inheritance of the DNA methylation pattern.
Separation and enrichment of sodium-motile bacteria using cost-effective microfluidics (2021)

Many motile bacteria are propelled by the rotation of flagellar filaments. This rotation is driven by a membrane protein known as the stator-complex, which drives the rotor of the bacterial flagellar motor. Torque generation is powered in most cases by proton transit through membrane protein complexes known as stators, with the next most common ionic power source being sodium. Sodium-powered stators can be studied through the use of synthetic chimeric stators that combine parts of sodium- and proton-powered stator proteins. The most well studied example is the use of the sodium-powered PomA-PotB chimeric stator unit in the naturally proton-powered <i>Escherichia coli.</i> Here we designed a fluidics system at low cost for rapid prototyping to separate motile and non-motile populations of bacteria while varying the ionic composition of the media and thus the sodium-motive force available to drive this chimeric flagellar motor. We measured separation efficiencies at varying ionic concentrations and confirmed using fluorescence that our device delivered eightfold enrichment of the motile proportion of a mixed population. Furthermore, our results showed that we could select bacteria from reservoirs where sodium was not initially present. Overall, this technique can be used to implement the selection of highly motile fractions from mixed liquid cultures, with applications in directed evolution to investigate the adaptation of motility in bacterial ecosystems.
Integrated Analysis of Genome-Wide Methylation and Gene Expression Shows Epigenetic Regulation of CYP11B2 in Aldosteronomas (2013)

Altered methylation in aldosteronomas is associated with dysregulated expression of genes involved in steroid biosynthesis. Aldosteronomas are hypomethylated, and CYP11B2 is overexpressed and hypomethylated in these tumors.
Global Wireless Machine-to-Machine Standardization (2011)

Machine-to-machine (M2M) communications are gaining more prominence in wireless communication. However, the current systems are optimized more for human-to-human (H2H) than M2M communications. Therefore it's important that wireless technologies evolve and develop competitive capabilities to efficiently support M2M communications. This article presents a snapshot of the progress made in developing M2M communication standards.
Analysis of Huge-Scale Periodic Array Antenna Using Impedance Extension Method (2009)

An extreamly large scale periodic array antenna is required for transmitting power from space solar power systems. Analysis of the huge-scale array antenna is important to estimate the radiation property of the array antenna, but a full-wave analysis requires too much computer memory and excessive CPU time. In order to overcome these difficulties, the impedance extension method is proposed as a method of approximate analysis for huge periodic array antennas. From the results of actual gain pattern obtained by the proposed method and its relative error, it is shown that edge effects of a huge-scale array antenna can be ignored in calculating the radiation property.
New EV Battery Charger PFC Rectifier Front-End Allowing Full Power Delivery in 3-Phase and 1-Phase Operation (2021)

A new universal front-end PFC rectifier topology of a battery charger for Electric Vehicles (EVs) is proposed, which allows fast charging at rated and/or full power level in case of 3-phase (Europe) as well as 1-phase (USA) mains supply. In this regard, a conventional 3-phase PFC rectifier would facilitate only one-third of the rated power in case of 1-phase operation. The new topology is based on a two-level six-switch (2LB6) 3-phase boost-type PFC rectifier, which is extended with a diode bridge-leg and additional windings of the Common-Mode (CM) chokes of the EMI filter. Besides this extension of the power circuit, the general design of the new converter is explained, and the generated Differential Mode (DM) and Common Mode (CM) EMI disturbances are investigated for 3-phase and 1-phase operation, resulting in guidelines for the EMI filter design. The EMI performance (CISPR 11 class-B QP) is experimentally verified for 1-phase and 3-phase operation at an output power of 4.5 kW, using a full-scale hardware prototype that implements the proposed extensions for a 2LB6 3-phase boost-type PFC rectifier and that is designed for output power levels of 22 kW and 19 kW in case of 3-phase and 1-phase operation, respectively. Compared to a conventional 2LB6 PFC rectifier, the volume of the extended system increases from 2.7 dm3 to 3.4 dm3, of which 0.5 dm3 is due to the additional dc-link capacitance for buffering the power pulsation with twice the mains frequency occurring for 1-phase operation.
Delay Analysis of IEEE 802.11be Multi-link Operation under Finite Load (2022)

Multi-link Operation (MLO), arguably the most disruptive feature introduced in IEEE 802.11be, will cater for delay-sensitive applications by using multiple radio interfaces concurrently. In this paper, we analyze the delay distribution of MLO under non-saturated traffic. Our results show that upgrading from legacy single-link to MLO successfully contains the $95$th percentile delay as the traffic load increases, but also that adding extra interfaces yields rapidly diminishing gains. Further experiments we conduct on Google Stadia traces, accounting for realistic traffic with batch arrivals, confirm the insights stemming from our theoretical analysis, vouching for MLO to support high-resolution real-time video with a controlled delay.
A Chimeric EGFR/neuReceptor in Functional Analysis of theneuOncoprotein (1992)

As the factor binding to the neu protein has been unknown, it has not been possible to confirm experimentally the proposed growth-factor receptor like functions of the neu protein. To approach this problem we constructed a recombinant receptor which enabled ligand regulation of the neu tyrosine kinase. The hybrid receptor consisted of the extracellular ligand binding, transmembrane and protein kinase C-substrate domains joined to the intracellular tyrosine kinase and carboxyl-terminal domains of the neu protein. Several properties of NIH3T3 cells carrying this construct were tested. We obtained the first experimental evidence that the neu proto-oncogene has mitogenic and transforming activities only in the presence of a ligand stimulating its tyrosine kinase activity. Various cellular and molecular biological parameters indicated that the chimeric receptor behaved very similarly to the EGFR. Also, this chimeric receptor has allowed us to compare the constitutive oncogenic and the ligand-activated non-oncogenic activities of the neu tyrosine kinase. In the future we plan to focus on characterization of possible differences between EGFR and neu signalling in more differentiated cellular backgrounds.
Sex and Hemispheric Differences for Rapid Auditory Processing in Normal Adults (1999)

Previous research suggests that left hemisphere specialisation for processing speech may specifically depend on rate-specific parameters, with rapidly successive or faster changing acoustic stimuli (e.g. stop consonant-vowel syllables) processed preferentially by the left hemisphere. The current study further investigates the involvement of the left hemisphere in processing rapidly changing auditory information, and examines the effects of sex on the organisation of this function. Twenty subjects participated in an auditory discrimination task involving the target identification of a two-tone sequence presented to one ear, paired with white noise to the contralateral ear. Analyses demonstrated a right ear advantage for males only at the shorter interstimulus interval durations (mean = 20 msec) whereas no ear advantage was observed for women. These results suggest that the male brain is more lateralised for the processing of rapidly presented auditory tones, specifically at shorter stimulus durations.
Using Non-Orthogonal Multiplexing for Enhancing Unicast-Broadcast Transmission Capacity in 5G (2019)

3GPP is working on a 5G multimedia broadcast multicast service (5G-MBMS) subsystem to deliver broadcast-type services and to achieve higher spectrum utilization for applications that can benefit from using point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmissions. The 5G-MBMS subsystem should provide a unified transmission platform for delivering mixed unicast, multicast, and broadcast services, with adaptive resource allocation and high spectrum efficiency. Up to the latest PTM system in the 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE), orthogonal multiplexing (OM) methods are used to combine the different types of services in one channel. This paper studies the capacity benefits of using power-based non-orthogonal multiplexing (P-NOM) technology in 5G-MBMS. For LTE/5G systems delivering mixed broadcast and unicast services, using P-NOM offers a solution to significantly increase the cell capacity for unicast services, while providing broadcast services with required quality of service. It is further shown that using P-NOM to combine broadcast and unicast services does not require new radio resource scheduling algorithms, i.e., existing scheduling algorithms for unicast-only networks can be used.
Parallel RF transmission in MRI (2006)

Following the development of parallel imaging, parallel transmission describes the use of multiple RF transmit coils. Parallel transmission can be applied to improve RF excitation, in particular, multidimensional, spatially selective RF excitation. For instance, parallel transmission is able to shorten spatially selective RF pulses in two or three dimensions, or to minimize the occurring SAR. One potential major application might be the compensation of patient-induced B(1) inhomogeneities, particularly at high main fields. This paper provides an overview of selected aspects of this new transmission approach. The basic principles of parallel transmission are discussed, initial experimental proofs are described, and the impact of error propagation on coil design for parallel transmission is outlined.
Bone reaction to bovine hydroxyapatite grafted in the mandibular defects of beagle dogs (2006)

Guided bone regeneration(GBR) is a well-established technique, both in the reconstructing of atrophic alveolar bone prior to implant placement and around exposed implant surfaces at the time of implant installation. 1-4) For this promising technique, two basic components are needed membrane and graft material.1) The membranes itself placed and closely adapted around the defects can inhibit the nonosteogenic soft tissue cells and allow angiogenic and osteogenic cells from adjacent bone marrow to resolve the defects with bone tissue. But GBR therapy using membrane alone has encountered some complications. One of them is a membrane collapse due to the soft tissue pressure during healing period, causing decreased the volume of created space. Several attempts have been made to solve the membrane collapse. The use of stiffer membrane, i.e. titanium-reinforced e-PTFE membrane 5) , or membrane supporting devices such as stainless steel microscrew1 is one of them. Another method is the utilization of graft material. The graft material beneath the barrier membrane can support the occlusive membrane, stabilize the blood clot, and reduce the membrane shrinkage. In addition to its physical advantage, the graft material can influence the host response during healing. Graft materials are used for the purpose of encouraging new bone formation by a variety of process osteogenesis, osteoinduction, osteoconduction. Autogenous bone is the only graft material known to induce bone formation through osteogenesis. Allogenic
47.4: Thin, Flexible, Full‐Color, Large‐Area OLED Displays Using Tiles (2010)

Abstract We have designed and fabricated large‐area full‐color OLED displays assembled from thin, flexible, lightweight tiles. The tiles were made using barrier‐coated PET films, a tandem white OLED formulation with a luminance efficiency of approximately 25 cd/A, and a low‐cost externally applied printed color filter.
Urea derivative MTU improves stress tolerance and yield in wheat by promoting cyclic electron flow around PSI (2023)

Increasing crop productivity under optimal conditions and mitigating yield losses under stressful conditions is a major challenge in contemporary agriculture. We have recently identified an effective anti-senescence compound (MTU, [1-(2-methoxyethyl)-3-(1,2,3-thiadiazol-5yl)urea]) in <i>in vitro</i> studies. Here, we show that MTU delayed both age- and stress-induced senescence of wheat plants (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) by enhancing the abundance of PSI supercomplex with LHCa antennae (PSI-LHCa) and promoting the cyclic electron flow (CEF) around PSI. We suppose that this rarely-observed phenomenon blocks the disintegration of photosynthetic apparatus and maintains its activity as was reflected by the faster growth rate of wheat in optimal conditions and under drought and heat stress. Our multiyear field trial analysis further shows that the treatment with 0.4 g ha<sup>-1</sup> of MTU enhanced average grain yields of field-grown wheat and barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i> L.) by 5-8%. Interestingly, the analysis of gene expression and hormone profiling confirms that MTU acts without the involvement of cytokinins or other phytohormones. Moreover, MTU appears to be the only chemical reported to date to affect PSI stability and activity. Our results indicate a central role of PSI and CEF in the onset of senescence with implications in yield management at least for cereal species.
Vincristine sulfate liposomes injection concentrates vincristine in tumor tissue and bone marrow of tumor-bearing mice (2007)

C111 Background: Vincristine sulfate (VCR) is a lipophilic, cell-cycle specific, antineoplastic agent that inhibits cell division by specifically binding to tubulin in mitotic spindles. Marqibo® (vincristine sulfate liposomes injection) is a proprietary sphingomyelin/cholesterol liposome (OPTISOMETM) encapsulated formulation of VCR with an extended circulating half-life and the potential for enhanced tumor tissue targeting, exposure, and antitumor activity. This study evaluated and compared the accumulation of VCR in the tumor tissue and bone marrow of tumor-bearing mice following intravenous administration of Marqibo or VCR. Methods: Mice were implanted subcutaneously with MX-1 human breast tumor tissue. When the tumor volume reached 162-485 mm3, mice received a single intravenous 1.5 mg/kg dose of [14C]-VCR or a Marqibo dose containing 1.5 mg/kg [14C]-VCR. The total radioactivity from parent compound and metabolites in tissue, VCReq, was analyzed by tissue digestion (TD) and Quantitative Whole Body Autoradioluminography (QWBA). For TD, tumor tissue was obtained from 3 mice per group prior to infusion and at 4, 16, and 48 hours post-infusion. Samples were chemically digested and analyzed for radioactivity by liquid scintillation counting. QWBA analysis for tumor tissue and bone marrow analysis required 1 flash-frozen mouse per group at the same time points used for the TD method. Sagittal sections were examined histologically for radioactivity. Results: The TD and QWBA methods of analysis provided comparable VCReq accumulation results. Marqibo infusion resulted in tumor VCReq concentrations of 1.22, 2.04, and 1.35 mcg drug per gram of tissue (mcg/g) at the 4, 16, and 48 hour time points, respectively compared to 0.28, 0.57, and 0.31 mcg/g following VCR infusion. Marqibo infusions resulted in bone marrow VCReq concentrations of 2.6, 2.75, and 0.99 mcg/g at the 4, 16, and 48 hour time points compared to 2.1, 0.94, and 0.36 mcg/g following VCR infusions. Marqibo-treated mice had 3-times the Cmax (2.08 vs. 0.65 mcg/g) and 6-times the AUClast (123 vs. 21 hr*mcg/g) compared to VCR-treated mice over a 48 hour period. Conclusions: Optisomal encapsulation of vincristine, Marqibo, results in targeted delivery of drug, concentration of drug in tumor tissue (4-fold increase) and bone marrow (3-fold increase), and maintenance of significant tissue drug concentrations for several days compared to conventional VCR. These unique characteristics result in greater tumor drug exposure and the potential for enhanced anti-tumor activity without increased toxicity. The ability of Marqibo to target drug to the bone marrow makes it particularly attractive as a treatment for hematologic malignancies like myeloma, lymphoma, and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Late-stage clinical development of Marqibo in adult ALL is underway.
A human cell atlas of fetal chromatin accessibility (2020)

The chromatin landscape underlying the specification of human cell types is of fundamental interest. We generated human cell atlases of chromatin accessibility and gene expression in fetal tissues. For chromatin accessibility, we devised a three-level combinatorial indexing assay and applied it to 53 samples representing 15 organs, profiling ~800,000 single cells. We leveraged cell types defined by gene expression to annotate these data and cataloged hundreds of thousands of candidate regulatory elements that exhibit cell type-specific chromatin accessibility. We investigated the properties of lineage-specific transcription factors (such as POU2F1 in neurons), organ-specific specializations of broadly distributed cell types (such as blood and endothelial), and cell type-specific enrichments of complex trait heritability. These data represent a rich resource for the exploration of in vivo human gene regulation in diverse tissues and cell types.
Tandem organic photovoltaics using both solution and vacuum deposited small molecules (2012)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Brian E. Lassiter, Jeramy D. Zimmerman, Anurag Panda, Xin Xiao, Stephen R. Forrest; Tandem organic photovoltaics using both solution and vacuum deposited small molecules. Appl. Phys. Lett. 6 August 2012; 101 (6): 063303. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4742921 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioApplied Physics Letters Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
AN IDENTIFICATION PROBLEM IN AN URN AND BALL MODEL WITH HEAVY TAILED DISTRIBUTIONS (2009)

We consider in this article an urn and ball problem with replacement, where balls are with different colors and are drawn uniformly from a unique urn. The numbers of balls with a given color are independent and identically distributed random variables with a heavy tailed probability distribution—for instance a Pareto or a Weibull distribution. We draw a small fraction p ≪1 of the total number of balls. The basic problem addressed in this article is to know to which extent we can infer the total number of colors and the distribution of the number of balls with a given color. By means of Le Cam's inequality and the Chen–Stein method, bounds for the total variation norm between the distribution of the number of balls drawn with a given color and the Poisson distribution with the same mean are obtained. We then show that the distribution of the number of balls drawn with a given color has the same tail as that of the original number of balls. Finally, we establish explicit bounds between the two distributions when each ball is drawn with fixed probability p .
Optimization of pharmacological inner ear interventions in the guinea pig animal model – model to calculate the perilymph volume of the Scala tympani (2023)

Introduction The development of pharmacological therapies for the prevention and treatment of inner ear diseases is an actual topic in both research and clinical settings. The guinea pig is an established animal model for this purpose. However, the results of in vivo experiments as well as clinical studies are heterogeneous. This may be due, among other things, to the disregarded individuality of laboratory animals with respect to the size and shape of the structures, as well as volumes of the perilymph.
Antiinflammatory effect of A3 adenosine receptor agonists in murine autoimmune arthritis models. (2005)

The results provide evidence that A3AR agonists exert significant antirheumatic effects in different autoimmune arthritis models by suppression of TNF-alpha production. The beneficial activity of the drugs at the low dose demonstrates that the effect is A3AR mediated.
Pseudorapidity Density of Charged Particles inp+PbCollisions atsNN=5.02  TeV (2013)

The charged-particle pseudorapidity density measured over four units of pseudorapidity in nonsingle-diffractive p+Pb collisions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair √(s(NN))=5.02 TeV is presented. The average value at midrapidity is measured to be 16.81±0.71 (syst), which corresponds to 2.14±0.17 (syst) per participating nucleon, calculated with the Glauber model. This is 16% lower than in nonsingle-diffractive pp collisions interpolated to the same collision energy and 84% higher than in d+Au collisions at s√(s(NN))=0.2 TeV. The measured pseudorapidity density in p+Pb collisions is compared to model predictions and provides new constraints on the description of particle production in high-energy nuclear collisions.