gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A mouse model for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. (1999)

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) occurs in 1% to 3% of patients receiving heparin and results from the development of antibodies that recognize heparin-platelet factor 4 (H-PF4) complexes that form on the surface of activated platelets and on the vascular endothelium. With the aim of studying the pathogenic importance of these anti-H-PF4 antibodies in vivo, we attempted to create an animal model of HIT. Such a model was produced by immunization of naive mice with affinity-purified IgG anti-H-PF4 antibodies from two patients with HIT. The immunized mice developed specific antibodies (anti-idiotypic) against the human anti-H-PF4 antibodies and 2 months later, anti-anti-idiotypic antibodies appeared, which functionally resembled the human HIT antibody. Indeed, when the animals bearing anti-anti-idiotypic antibodies were injected with heparin for 4 days, a significant decrease in their platelet counts was observed; however, heparin treatment was not associated with thrombosis in any of the immunized mice. Similar to the observation in HIT patients, injections of equivalent doses of low-molecular-weight (LMW) heparin to the immunized animals did not induce thrombocytopenia. The results of this study support the importance of anti-H-PF4 antibodies in the pathogenesis of HIT. The mouse HIT model may provide a convenient system for studies on the immunoregulation of anti-H-PF4 expression and for evaluation of potential therapeutic modalities.
Suppression of multi-channel FGB's reflection side lobes by using phase optimization technique (2002)

The refractive index profile design of multi-channel FBGs (fiber Bragg gratings) was investigated The phase optimization of each single-channel FBG can suppress side lobes in the reflection spectrum drastically. Furthermore this suppression of side lobes is experimentally confirmed.
Super-resolution imaging combining the design of an optical coherence microscope objective with liquid-lens based dynamic focusing capability and computational methods (2008)

In this paper, we present the design of a 0.2 NA microscope objective operating across a 120nm broadband spectral range that requires only two doublets and an embedded liquid lens to achieve 3μm invariant lateral resolution throughout a large 8 cubic millimeter imaging sample. Achieving invariant lateral resolution comes with some sacrifice in imaging speed, yet in the approach proposed, high speed in vivo imaging is maintained up to a resolution of 3μm for a 2×2 mm sample size. Thus, in anticipation to ultimately aim for a resolution of 0.5 to 1μm, we are investigating the possibility to further gain in resolution using super-resolution methods so both hardware solutions and image processing methods together can provide the best trade-off in overall resolution and speed of imaging. As a starting point to investigate super-resolution methods, we evaluate in this paper three well-known super-resolution algorithms used to reconstruct a high resolution image from down-sampled low resolution images of an African frog tadpole acquired en face using our OCM set-up. To establish ground truth necessary for assessment of the methods, low resolution images were simulated from a high resolution OCM image. The specification and design performance of the custom designed microscope will be presented as well as our first results of super-resolution imaging. The performance of each algorithm was analyzed and all performances compared using two different metrics. Early results indicate that super-resolution may play a significant role in the optimization of high invariant resolution OCM systems. © 2008 SPIE.
Double-superradiant cathodoluminescence (2022)

There exist two families of superradiance phenomena: relying on correlated emission by an ensemble of atoms or by free electrons. Here we investigate emission from an ensemble of atoms driven by coherently shaped electrons. This interaction creates superradiance emerging from both the atoms' and the electrons' coherence - with emission intensity that scales quadratically in both the number of atoms and number of electrons. This phenomenon enables electrons to become novel probes of quantum correlations in matter, with high temporal and spatial resolution.
Polarization-switchable holograms based on efficient, broadband multifunctional metasurfaces in the visible regime (2018)

Gradient metasurfaces provide a novel approach to the phase manipulation of incident electromagnetic waves. Thus, they have the potential to create compact, light-weight optical solutions. An attractive feature of metasurfaces is the ability to integrate multiple optical functionalities into a single surface design. Here we demonstrate a high-efficiency (up to ~60%), reflective meta-hologram for visible light by using an ultra-thin (~λ/4 thick) gap surface plasmon-based metasurface. By precisely sampling the predesigned image phase and amplitude to the unit cells of our device, polarization-controlled dual images are reconstructed with a high polarization extinction ratio and high fidelity. The proposed technique expands the range of possibilities for high-quality hologram generation by using ultra-thin nanophotonic devices and paves the way for variousholography-related applications across the visible band.
Service convergence using MPLS multiservice networks (2005)

Enterprises are increasingly using virtual private networks to interconnect remote sites. Traditionally, service providers have used ATM core networks to deliver layer 2 services such as frame relay, ATM, or TDM private lines, which enterprise customers have then used to build their corporate network infrastructure. Such services account for the majority of data service revenues today. However, pressure has increased on service providers to combine increased flexibility with reduced costs in the context of a highly dynamic telecommunications market. Service providers also need to generate new revenues from their IP network infrastructure, through new opportunities such as IP VPNs and virtual private LAN services, while simultaneously achieving operational efficiencies through the convergence of all of their services on a common MPLS backbone. New access and metro network technologies, such as Ethernet, are also emerging that can be used to deliver these new services to enterprise customers alongside ATM and frame relay access. This must be achieved while also supporting existing technologies such as ATM, which continue to deliver highly profitable services. This article discusses the technical challenges in meeting the often conflicting requirements of delivering both traditional layer 2 services and new layer 3 services on a converged MPLS network. We show how both network and service interworking are required, and how these must operate at the user, control, and management planes to enable profitable services to be delivered over the new converged network. The different solutions being defined in the standards bodies are described, and the distinct scenarios they address are explained.
Emergency medical kit for commercial airlines. Air Transport Medicine Committee, Aerospace Medical Association. (1998)

While it has been of general interest for a long time, the issue of a Medical Kit for Commercial Airlines is now close to the top of the priority list because of recent activities in Europe within the Joint Aviation Authorities (JAA) and in the United States at the Congressional Level. The Aerospace Medical Association (AsMA) requested its Air Transport Medicine Committee to review the situation and make recommendations for a basic medical kit for international airlines. After reviewing the contents of existing kits, and the limited amount of available data, a proposal was submitted to and accepted by the AsMA Council. This is just a beginning. The Air Transport Medicine Committee will continue to follow the evolution and periodically adapt the kit accordingly.
Pharmaceutical diversification via palladium oxidative addition complexes (2019)

Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions have transformed the exploration of chemical space in the search for materials, medicines, chemical probes, and other functional molecules. However, cross-coupling of densely functionalized substrates remains a major challenge. We devised an alternative approach using stoichiometric quantities of palladium oxidative addition complexes (OACs) derived from drugs or drug-like aryl halides as substrates. In most cases, cross-coupling reactions using OACs proceed under milder conditions and with higher success than the analogous catalytic reactions. OACs exhibit remarkable stability, maintaining their reactivity after months of benchtop storage under ambient conditions. We demonstrated the utility of OACs in a variety of experiments including automated nanomole-scale couplings between an OAC derived from rivaroxaban and hundreds of diverse nucleophiles, as well as the late-stage derivatization of the natural product k252a.
Hyperthermophilic Carbamate Kinase Stability and Anabolic In Vitro Activity at Alkaline pH (2017)

Carbamate kinases catalyze the conversion of carbamate to carbamoyl phosphate, which is readily transformed into other compounds. Carbamate forms spontaneously from ammonia and carbon dioxide in aqueous solutions, so the kinases have potential for sequestrative utilization of the latter compounds. Here, we compare seven carbamate kinases from mesophilic, thermophilic, and hyperthermophilic sources. In addition to the known enzymes from <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> and <i>Pyrococcus furiosus</i>, the previously unreported enzymes from the hyperthermophiles <i>Thermococcus sibiricus</i> and <i>Thermococcus barophilus</i>, the thermophiles <i>Fervidobacterium nodosum</i> and <i>Thermosipho melanesiensis</i>, and the mesophile <i>Clostridium tetani</i> were all expressed recombinantly, each in high yield. Only the clostridial enzyme did not show catalysis. In direct assays of carbamate kinase activity, the three hyperthermophilic enzymes display higher specific activities at elevated temperatures, greater stability, and remarkable substrate turnover at alkaline pH (9.9 to 11.4). <i>Thermococcus barophilus</i> and <i>Thermococcus sibiricus</i> carbamate kinases were found to be the most active when the enzymes were tested at 80°C, and maintained activity over broad temperature and pH ranges. These robust thermococcal enzymes therefore represent ideal candidates for biotechnological applications involving aqueous ammonia solutions, since nonbuffered 0.0001 to 1.0 M solutions have pH values of approximately 9.8 to 11.8. As proof of concept, here we also show that carbamoyl phosphate produced by the <i>Thermococcus barophilus</i> kinase is efficiently converted <i>in situ</i> to carbamoyl aspartate by aspartate transcarbamoylase from the same source organism. Using acetyl phosphate to simultaneously recycle the kinase cofactor ATP, at pH 9.9 carbamoyl aspartate is produced in high yield and directly from solutions of ammonia, carbon dioxide, and aspartate.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Much of the nitrogen in animal wastes and used in fertilizers is commonly lost as ammonia in water runoff, from which it must be removed to prevent downstream pollution and evolution of nitrogenous greenhouse gases. Since carbamate kinases transform ammonia and carbon dioxide to carbamoyl phosphate via carbamate, and carbamoyl phosphate may be converted into other valuable compounds, the kinases provide a route for useful sequestration of ammonia, as well as of carbon dioxide, another greenhouse gas. At the same time, recycling the ammonia in chemical synthesis reduces the need for its energy-intensive production. However, robust catalysts are required for such biotransformations. Here we show that carbamate kinases from hyperthermophilic archaea display remarkable stability and high catalytic activity across broad ranges of pH and temperature, making them promising candidates for biotechnological applications. We also show that carbamoyl phosphate produced by the kinases may be efficiently used to produce carbamoyl aspartate.
Oral administration of the growth hormone secretagogue NN703 in adult patients with growth hormone deficiency (2003)

NN703 administration was generally well tolerated. Eleven per cent of the GHD adult patients responded with a peak GH response >or= 5 micro g/l after the first and/or last administration of oral NN703. Although a majority of GHD adults will not respond to NN703, the present results suggest that oral NN703 treatment could be useful in some adult patients with moderately severe GHD. These patients may be identified by a test dose of GHS.
Nanoelectronic Solutions for Hardware Security. (2012)

Abstract — Information security has emerged as an important system and application metric. Classical security solutions use algorithmic mechanisms that address a small subset of emerging security requirements, often at high energy and performance overhead. Further, emerging side channel and physical attacks can compromise classical security solutions. Hardware based security solutions overcome many of the limitations of classical security while consuming less energy and improving performance. Nanoelectronics based hardware security preserves all of these advantages while enabling conceptually new security mechanisms and security applications. This paper highlights nanoelectronics based security capabilities and challenges. The paper describes nanoelectronics based hardware security primitives for device identification, digital forensics, and tamper detection. These primitives can be developed using the unique characteristics of emerging nanoelectronic devices such as complex device and system models, bidirectional operation, and temporal drift of the state variable. We conclude by identifying important desiderata and outstanding challenges in nanoelectronics based security. Index Terms—Digital integrated circuits, hardware security, nanoelectronics, and memristors. I.
Effects of stress on the electrical activation of implanted Si in GaAs (1989)

The effects of various plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition SiNx encapsulating films on the electrical activation of ion-implanted 29Si+ in GaAs were investigated. Films inducing the most tensile stress in the GaAs resulted in the lowest activation efficiency and films inducing the most compressive resulted in the highest. The results suggest that ratio of donors to acceptors, SiGa:SiAs, is a sensitive function of the stress state during the activation anneal.
Synthesis of 3-Arylpiperidines by a Radical 1,4-Aryl Migration (2005)

[reaction: see text] A route to 3-arylpiperidines, 3-arylpyridines, and 5-arylpiperidin-2-ones involving a radical 1,4-aryl migration has been explored. The sequence requires a xanthate addition to an N-allylarylsulfonamide, followed by acetylation and treatment with dilauroyl peroxide to give the 1,4-aryl transfer product, which upon acidic hydrolysis affords the desired piperidine derivative.
A compressed domain change detection algorithm for RTP streams in video surveillance applications (2011)

This paper presents a novel change detection algorithm for the compressed domain. Many video surveillance systems in practical use transmit their video data over a network by using the Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP). Therefore, the presented algorithm concentrates on analyzing RTP streams to detect major changes within contained video content. The paper focuses on a reliable preselection for further analysis modules by decreasing the number of events to be investigated. The algorithm is designed to work on scenes with mainly static background, like in indoor video surveillance streams. The extracted stream elements are RTP timestamps and RTP packet sizes. Both values are directly accessible by efficient byte-reading operations without any further decoding of the video content. Hence, the proposed approach is codec-independent, while at the same time its very low complexity enables the use in extensive video surveillance systems. About 40,000 frames per second of a single RTP stream can be processed on an Intel <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">®</sup> Core™ 2 Duo CPU at 2 GHz and 2 GB RAM, without decreasing the efficiency of the algorithm.
Computer-Based Automated Left Atrium Segmentation and Volumetry from ECG-Gated Coronary CT Angiography Data: Comparison with Manual Slice Segmentation and Ultrasound Planimetric Methods (2010)

The prototype software showed excellent agreement with manual slice segmentation with the least time consumption. This will facilitate the routine assessment of the LA volume from coronary CTA data and therefore risk stratification.
Optical and Magnetic Properties of Fluorescent Ammonium Silicon Fluoride Microparticles with Magnetic Function (2018)

Magneto-fluorescent microparticles are novel biomedical materials because they can diagnostically trace disease sites with fluorescence imaging while performing hyperthermia therapy with magnetic materials. Reducing production costs and simplifying manufacturing processes are absolutely critical for such microparticles. We investigate a simplified procedure for synthesizing magneto-fluorescent microparticles by combining fluorescent ammonium silicon fluoride ((NH4)2SiF6) and magnetic iron oxides (Fe3O4) have been investigated. Furthermore, we discuss the magnetic and fluorescent behaviors of the microparticles.
Alkaloids from Boophone haemanthoides (Amaryllidaceae) (2013)

In this study, the South African Amaryllid Boophone haemanthoides was examined for its phytochemical composition and cytotoxicity. In the process eight alkaloid structures, including the new compound distichaminol, were identified in bulb ethanolic extracts. Of the isolates, lycorine and distichamine exhibited strong activities against human acute lymphoblastic leukemia (CEM), breast adenocarcinoma (MCF7) and cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa) cells with IC50S ranging from 1.8 to 9.2 microM.
An \Omega(n^1/3 ) Lower Bound for Bilinear Group Based Private Information Retrieval (2006)

A two server private information retrieval (PIR) scheme allows a user U to retrieve the i-th bit of an n-bit string x replicated between two servers while each server individually learns no information about i. The main parameter of interest in a PIR scheme is its communication complexity, namely the number of bits exchanged by the user and the servers. A large amount of effort has been invested by researchers over the last decade in search for efficient PIR schemes. A number of different schemes ((B. Chor. O. Goldreich. E. Kushilevitz. and M. Sudan, 1998), (A. Beimel and Y. Ishai, 2001) ,(D. Woodruff and S. Yekhanin, 2005)) have been proposed, however all of them ended up with the same communication complexity of O(n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1/3</sup> ). The best known lower bound to date is 5 log n by (S. Wehner and R. de Wolf, 2005) . The tremendous gap between upper and lower bounds is the focus of our paper. We show an Omega(n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1/3</sup> ) lower bound in a restricted model that nevertheless captures all known upper bound techniques. Our lower bound applies to bilinear group based PIR schemes. A bilinear PIR scheme is a one round PIR scheme, where user computes the dot product of servers' responses to obtain the desired value of the i-th bit. Every linear scheme can be turned into a bilinear one with an asymptotically negligible communication overhead. A group based PIR scheme is a PIR scheme that involves servers representing database by a function on a certain finite group G, and allows user to retrieve the value of this function at any group element using the natural secret sharing scheme based on G. Our proof relies on representation theory of finite groups
Monte carlo simulation in systems biology (2010)

Constraint Based Reconstruction and Analysis (COBRA) is a framework within the field of Systems Biology which aims to understand cellular metabolism through the analysis of large scale metabolic models. These models are based on meticulously curated reconstructions of all chemical reactions in an organism. Instead of attempting to predict the exact state of the biological system, COBRA describes the physiological constraints that the system must satisfy and studies the range of solutions satisfying these constraints.
Monte Carlo Sampling is one of the COBRA methods used to study how biological properties are distributed over the entire solution space. A set of randomly distributed solutions is generated and serves as a proxy for the entire space. Various aspects of Monte Carlo Sampling in Systems Biology are illustrated: (1) Monte Carlo Sampling has been used historically (Chapter 1), (2) A faster and more efficient procedure for generating Monte Carlo Samples is developed (Chapter 2); (3) Carbon 13 tracing experiments are an important tool for measuring reaction rates through a network. Monte Carlo Sampling was used to optimize the choice of label and explain and measure the dimensionality of output data (Chapter 3); (4) It is possible to incorporate the thermodynamic “loop-law” into many COBRA methods including sampling (Chapter 4).
Additionally two software projects are presented which assist in analyzing COBRA models: (1) the BiGG knowledgebase of reconstructions (Chapter 5) and (2) the COBRA Matlab toolbox v. 2.0 (Chapter 6). These two projects make COBRA methods available to the scientific community.
Hybrid-resolution multispectral imaging based on color filter array: basic principles and computer simulation (2012)

Hybrid-resolution multispectral imaging has been proposed for reconstructing multispectral images from two types of data with different spatial and spectral resolutions. This paper proposes a new scheme for hybrid-resolution multispectral imaging based on image sensors with a multispectral filter array (MSFA). The proposed method reconstructs multispectral images from a high-resolution RGB image and image data from an MSFA with narrow-band color filters. The MSFA samples each band of a multispectral image sparsely in space, while RGB images are obtained at high spatial resolution; i.e., this dataset is regarded as a hybridresolution measurement. In the multispectral image reconstruction, each band of a multispectral image is reconstructed as a linear combination of high-resolution RGB images. The weighting coefficients of the linear combination are determined on the basis of MSFA data. By determining the weighting coefficients for each appropriate small area, overall multispectral images can be reconstructed with high accuracy. In this paper, typical configurations of image sensors for the hybrid-resolution multispectral imaging are also proposed. The effectiveness of the proposed method was verified for 16-band images through computer simulations in the case of a single-panel image sensor with an MSFA. As a result, it was confirmed that the proposed method reconstructed 16-band images at higher spatial resolution and with lower normalized root mean squared error than did a simple linear interpolation of the data from an equidensitysampling MSFA.