gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of OKY-046 on airway hyperresponsiveness induced by ozone in dogs. (1990)

To elucidate the possible involvement of thromboxane A2 (TxA2) in airway hyperresponsiveness, we examined the effect of OKY-046, a potent and selective inhibitor of TxA2 synthetase, on airway hyperresponsiveness induced by ozone exposure in dogs. Ozone exposure (3 ppm, 2 hr) markedly increased airway responsiveness to inhaled methacholine without affecting basal respiratory resistance. Although ozone also caused a slight but significant increase in neutrophil number in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, there was no correlation between the level of airway hyperresponsiveness and increased neutrophil number. Although OKY-046 significantly inhibited the increases in airway hyperresponsiveness in a dose-dependent manner at doses ranging from 100 to 300 mg/kg, p.o., the compound did not affect the basal airway responsiveness and respiratory resistance at 300 mg/kg, p.o. Inhalation of the subthreshold concentration (i.e., the highest dose which did not cause bronchoconstriction) of STA2 (a stable TxA2 mimetic agent) elicited a significant increase in airway responsiveness to methacholine. These results suggest that TxA2 may play a role in mediating ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness. However, the accumulation of neutrophils in the airway lumen may not be essential for the development of airway hyperresponsiveness.
Treatment of canine cranial cruciate ligament disease (2014)

Extracapsular stabilization and TPLO are the most commonly employed surgical procedures in the surveyed population; dog size and activity level (but not age) are the major factors influencing treatment decisions.
Berberine Pretreatment Confers Cardioprotection Against Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury in a Rat Model of Type 2 Diabetes (2016)

Preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated that berberine (BBR) improves diabetic complications and reduces mortality of patients with congestive heart failure. The therapeutic effects of BBR have been reported to be mediated by its regulation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK). We previously reported that BBR protects against ischemia-reperfusion injury via regulating AMPK activity in both ischemic and nonischemic areas of the rat heart. Since diabetic hearts are more sensitive to ischemia-reperfusion injury, we examined whether BBR treatment exhibited cardioprotective effects in the diabetic heart. Type 2 diabetic rats were pretreated plus or minus BBR for 7 days and subjected to 30-minute ischemia followed by 120-minute reperfusion. Pretreatment of type 2 diabetic rats with BBR reduced ischemia-reperfusion injury infarct size and attenuated arrhythmia compared to untreated diabetic controls. Subsequent to ischemia-reperfusion, serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, and malondialdehyde levels were reduced by pretreatment of type 2 diabetic rats with BBR compared to untreated diabetic controls. In contrast, serum glucose and superoxide dismutase levels were unaltered. The mechanism for the BBR-mediated cardioprotective effect was examined. Pretreatment with BBR did not alter AMPK activity in ischemic areas at risk but increased AMPK activity in nonischemic areas compared to untreated diabetic controls. The increased AMPK activity in nonischemic areas was due an elevated ratio of AMP to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine diphosphate to ATP. In addition, pretreatment with BBR increased protein kinase B (AKT) phosphorylation and reduced glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) activity in nonischemic areas compared to untreated diabetic controls. These findings indicate that BBR protects the diabetic heart from ischemia-reperfusion injury. In addition, BBR may mediate this cardioprotective effect through AMPK activation, AKT phosphorylation, and GSK3β inhibition in the nonischemic areas of the diabetic heart.
Design and Evaluation of Full-Duplex Terminal Antennas in Realistic User Scenarios (2017)

In this letter, a two-port antenna system based on orthogonal excitation of the ground plane modes is presented for full-duplex (FD) mobile device applications. An antenna isolation method based on employing a balanced and unbalanced antenna is used to achieve a high level of antenna decoupling. Moreover, the theory of characteristic modes is used as a systematic tool to analyze the orthogonal modal behavior of the antenna system. A prototype consisting of a balanced dipole antenna and a monopole antenna on a 120 × 55-mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> chassis is fabricated and measured. The measurement results verify the simulation results and show a high isolation value of 40 dB between the ports in free space. Furthermore, to evaluate the antenna system performance in realistic scenarios, the prototype was measured in three different user scenarios. The isolation level between the ports in user scenarios varies from 42 to 33 dB in the worst scenario. The proposed design can be applied in an FD system to suppress the self-interference as the first stage of interference cancelation.
Effects of Signal Regularity upon Performance in Simultaneous and Successive Vigilance Tasks (1986)

This study assessed the effects of signal regularity upon sensing and decision making in simultaneous and successive vigilance tasks. The results indicated that signal regularity enhances perceptual sensitivity (A') and thereby seems to “tune” the perceptual system. The vigilance decrement reflected a drop in perceptual sensitivity over time in both tasks. Implications for a recently developed vigilance task taxonomy were explored.
An Improved Azimuthal Anchoring Energy Measurement Method Using Liquid Crystals with Different Chiralities (2000)

An improved method for measuring the azimuthal anchoring energy of liquid crystals has been developed. Without knowing the easy axes of the cells precisely, it is possible to measure their anchoring energy precisely, using the same liquid crystals but with different chiralities for the divided cells. The principles and measurements are discussed.
Efficient Flicker-Free FEC Codes Using Knuth's Balancing Algorithm for VLC (2019)

Visible light communication (VLC) provides a short- range optical wireless communication through light- emitting diode (LED) lighting. Light beam flickering and dimming are among the challenges to be addressed in VLC. Conventional methods for generating flicker-free codes in VLC are based on run-length limited codes that have poor error correction performance, use lookup tables which are memory consuming, and have low transmission rates. In this paper, we propose an efficient construction of flicker-free forward error correction codes to tackle the issue of flickering in VLC. Our simulation results show that by using polar codes and at a dimming ratio of 50%, the proposed system generates flicker-free codes without using lookup tables, while having lower complexity and higher transmission rates than the standard VLC methods. For an information block length of 256, the error correction performance of the proposed scheme is 1.8 dB and 0.9 dB better than that of the regular schemes at the bit error rate of 10^{-6} for a rate of 0.44 and 0.23, respectively.
IS6110-based Differentiation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strains (2013)

In this study, 62 Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains were characterized by fast ligation-mediated PCR (FLiP) and, previously performed, IS6110 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). FLiP proved a reproducible and specific method for differentiation between M. tuberculosis strains. The discriminatory power of FLiP was close to that of the reference IS6110 RFLP suggesting its usefulness in studying the genetic diversity of M. tuberculosis strains.
A prognostic index predicting survival in transformed Waldenström macroglobulinemia (2020)

Histological transformation into diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is a rare complication in patients with Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) usually associated with a poor prognosis. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a prognostic index for survival in transformed WM patients. Through this multicenter, international collaborative effort, we developed a scoring system based on data from 133 patients with transformed WM who were evaluated between 1995 and 2016 (training cohort). Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to propose a prognostic index with 2-year survival after transformation as an end-point. For external validation, a data set of 67 patients was used to evaluate the performance of the model (validation cohort). By multivariate analysis, three adverse covariates were identified as independent predictors of 2-year survival after transformation: elevated serum LDH (2 points), platelet count < 100 x 109/L (1 point) and any previous treatment for WM (1 point). Three risk groups were defined: low-risk (0-1 point, 24% of patients), intermediate-risk (2-3 points, 59%, hazard ratio (HR) = 3.4) and high-risk (4 points, 17%, HR = 7.5). Two-year survival rates were 81%, 47%, and 21%, respectively (P < 0.0001). This model appeared to be a better discriminant than the International Prognostic Index (IPI) and the revised IPI (R-IPI). We validated this model in an independent cohort. This easy-to-compute scoring index is a robust tool that may allow identification of groups of transformed WM patients with different outcomes and could be used for improving the development of risk-adapted treatment strategies.
Proteome-wide prediction of acetylation substrates (2009)

Acetylation is a well-studied posttranslational modification that has been associated with a broad spectrum of biological processes, notably gene regulation. Many studies have contributed to our knowledge of the enzymology underlying acetylation, including efforts to understand the molecular mechanism of substrate recognition by several acetyltransferases, but traditional experiments to determine intrinsic features of substrate site specificity have proven challenging. Here, we combine experimental methods with clustering analysis of protein sequences to predict protein acetylation based on the sequence characteristics of acetylated lysines within histones with our unique prediction tool PredMod. We define a local amino acid sequence composition that represents potential acetylation sites by implementing a clustering analysis of histone and nonhistone sequences. We show that this sequence composition has predictive power on 2 independent experimental datasets of acetylation marks. Finally, we detect acetylation for selected putative substrates using mass spectrometry, and report several nonhistone acetylated substrates in budding yeast. Our approach, combined with more traditional experimental methods, may be useful for identifying acetylated substrates proteome-wide.
Estimating Total Body Water in Children on the Basis of Height and Weight (2002)

An estimate of total body water (TBW) has important implications in clinical practice. For patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD), the estimate is critical when determining the delivered dialysis dose. The formulas of Mellits and Cheek have been recommended to estimate TBW in children on PD. These formulas were derived from healthy children, and very few infants were included. To assess the accuracy of these formulas, the original data were obtained and additional data from a broad literature review were compiled. The majority of the new data points were in the infant age range. Data were fitted using least-squares methodology and backward elimination to obtain a parsimonious model. Best fits were obtained using age, gender, and weight or a height x weight term. The results of the curves are as follows: Infants 0 to 3 mo (n= 71): TBW = 0.887 x (Wt)(0.83) Children 3 mo to 13 yr(n = 167): TBW = 0.0846 x 0.95([if female]) x (Ht xWt)(0.65) Children > 13 yr (n = 99): TBW = 0.0758 x 0.84([if female]) x (Ht x Wt)(0.69) When compared with the previous Mellits and Cheek formulas, the new formula fits better for infants (comparison of prediction errors, P < 0.0004). These newer formulas do not perform significantly better for the older two groups. Actual TBW measurement in children on PD must still be determined to verify the use of these formulas and to accurately assess dialysis delivery and adequacy.
Surgical placement of rectus sheath catheters in a cadaveric cystectomy model (2017)

Introduction Surgically inserted rectus sheath catheters (RSCs) are used increasingly for analgesia after cystectomy and other abdominal surgery. Currently, there is little information on the optimal positioning of RSCs to allow maximal spread of local anaesthetic. This study sought to assess the spread of dye injected via RSCs and to highlight the extent of its coverage in a fresh unembalmed cadaveric cystectomy model in order to confirm the nerve endings that are likely to be anaesthetised with RSCs. Methods Four cadavers underwent lower midline incision with limited bladder mobilisation. A RSC was inserted into the eight hemiabdomens. The RSCs were positioned either anterior (n=5) or posterior to the rectus muscle (n=3). Dye was injected down the RSCs to evaluate spread. The eight hemiabdomens were dissected anatomically to determine the surface area of dye spread and nerve root involvement. Results The mean surface area of dye spread with anteriorly placed RSCs was 30.6cm<sup>2</sup> anterior and 25.9cm<sup>2</sup> posterior to the rectus muscle. The mean surface area of dye spread with posteriorly placed RSCs was 11.3cm<sup>2</sup> anterior and 37.3cm<sup>2</sup> posterior to the rectus muscle. The mean number of nerve roots stained with anteriorly and posteriorly placed RSCs was 3.8 and 2.7 respectively. Subcutaneous spread of dye was seen with one anterior RSC insertion. Peritoneal spread was seen with one anteriorly positioned RSC. Conclusions This study has demonstrated efficient nerve root infiltration with anteriorly and posteriorly positioned RSCs. It appears that dye spreads between the fibres of the rectus muscle rather than out laterally to the nerve roots when spreading from its initial compartment.
Effect of Composition of Mixed Meals—Low-Versus High-Carbohydrate Content—on Insulin, Glucagon, and Somatostatin Release in Healthy Humans and in Patients With NIDDM (1986)

Effects of a low-carbohydrate high-fat meal (LCM) versus a high-carbohydrate low-fat meal (HCM) on insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin release in nonobese healthy volunteers and in subjects with mild non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) were compared. The meals were isocaloric. In the LCM, 26% of energy was supplied by carbohydrate, 51% by fat, and 23% by protein, whereas corresponding figures for HCM were 62, 22, and 16%. Hormonal responses were expressed as incremental areas over baseline. In healthy volunteers the HCM had a significantly greater effect on the insulin response than did the LCM. In contrast, in the diabetic group the insulin response to HCM was markedly impaired and was of the same magnitude as that to LCM. Glucagon release was significantly augmented after LCM in the nondiabetic as well as in the diabetic group, despite a pronounced and concomitant hyperglycemia in the latter. Moreover, HCM tended to stimulate glucagon release but only in the diabetic subjects. LCM and HCM induced a significant and sustained elevation of somatostatin levels in both groups; these responses were not significantly influenced by glucose tolerance or composition of meal. In conclusion, the present study suggests that at least two islet dysfunctions--decreased insulin response and enhanced glucagon release--characterize mild NIDDM. With a high-carbohydrate meal, a severe impairment of insulin secretion and a slight paradoxical glucagon release are observed. With a low-carbohydrate fat-rich meal, beta-cell responsiveness seems to be intact, but alpha-cell secretion is enhanced.
High-fidelity spatial mode transmission through a 1-km-long multimode fiber via vectorial time reversal (2021)

The large number of spatial modes supported by standard multimode fibers is a promising platform for boosting the channel capacity of quantum and classical communications by orders of magnitude. However, the practical use of long multimode fibers is severely hampered by modal crosstalk and polarization mixing. To overcome these challenges, we develop and experimentally demonstrate a vectorial time reversal technique, which is accomplished by digitally pre-shaping the wavefront and polarization of the forward-propagating signal beam to be the phase conjugate of an auxiliary, backward-propagating probe beam. Here, we report an average modal fidelity above 80% for 210 Laguerre-Gauss and Hermite-Gauss modes by using vectorial time reversal over an unstabilized 1-km-long fiber. We also propose a practical and scalable spatial-mode-multiplexed quantum communication protocol over long multimode fibers to illustrate potential applications that can be enabled by our technique.
Security vs Performance: Tradeoffs using a Trust Framework (2005)

We present an architecture of a trust framework that can be used to intelligently tradeoff between security and performance in a SAN file system. The primary idea is to differentiate between various clients in the system based on their trustworthiness and provide them with differing levels of security and performance. Client trustworthiness reflects its expected behavior and is evaluated in an online fashion using a customizable trust model. We also describe the interface of the trust framework with an example block level security solution for an out-of-band virtualization based SAN file system (SAN FS). The proposed framework can be easily extended to provide differential treatment based on data sensitivity, using a configurable parameter of the trust model. This allows associating stringent security requirements for more sensitive data, while trading off security for better performance for less critical data, a situation regularly desired in an enterprise.
A multi-feature representation model for concurrent conceptual design (1997)

A multi-feature representation model is presented as a product model for the initial design. In the conceptual design, design ideas should be rapidly visualized and reviewed from various viewpoints on visual media. To satisfy this purpose, the multi-feature representation model is composed of multiple expressions of product features, a structural form expression (a framework expression), an image expression, a curve expression and a surface expression. Each feature expression is prepared to directly embody an aspect of the design ideas in an appropriate fashion, and their associativity is kept while manipulating the model. By running these features of different types concurrently, designers can proceed in the conceptual design work consistently, even in terms of engineering and aesthetics.
The essence of three-phase AC/AC converter systems (2008)

Abstract — In this paper the well-known voltage and current DC-link converter systems, used to implement an AC/AC converter, are initially presented. Using this knowledge and their space vector modulation methods we show their connection to the family of Indirect Matrix Converters and then finally the connection to direct Matrix Converters. A brief discussion of extended Matrix Converter circuits is given and a new unidirectional three-level Matrix Converter topology is proposed. This clearly shows the topological connections of the converter circuits that directly lead to an adaptability of the modulation methods. These allow the reader who is familiar with space vector modulation of voltage and current DC-link converters to simply incorporate and identify new modulation methods. A comparison of the converter concepts, with respect to their fundamental, topology-related characteristics, complexity, control and efficiency, then follows. Furthermore, by taking the example of a converter that covers a typical operation region in the torque-speed plane (incl. holding torque at standstill), the necessary silicon area of the power semiconductors is calculated for a maximum junction temperature. This paper concludes with proposals for subjects of further research in the area of Matrix Converters.
Leveraging Spatial and Photometric Context for Calibrated Non-Lambertian Photometric Stereo (2021)

The problem of estimating a surface shape from its observed reflectance properties still remains a challenging task in computer vision. The presence of global illumination effects such as inter-reflections or cast shadows makes the task particularly difficult for non-convex real-world surfaces. State-of-the-art methods for calibrated photometric stereo address these issues using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) that primarily aim to capture either the spatial context among adjacent pixels or the photometric one formed by illuminating a sample from adjacent directions. In this paper, we bridge these two objectives and introduce an efficient fully-convolutional architecture that can leverage both spatial and photometric context simultaneously. In contrast to existing approaches that rely on standard 2D CNNs and regress directly to surface normals, we argue that using separable 4D convolutions and regressing to 2D Gaussian heat-maps severely reduces the size of the network and makes inference more efficient. Our experimental results on a real-world photometric stereo benchmark show that the proposed approach outperforms the existing methods both in efficiency and accuracy.
Dimensioning Models of Optical WDM Rings in Xhaul Access Architectures for the Transport of Ethernet/CPRI Traffic (2018)

The Centralized Radio Access Network (C-RAN) provides a valid solution to overcome the problem of traditional RAN in scaling up to the needed processing resource and quality expected in 5G. The Common Public Rate Interface has been defined to transport traffic flows in C-RAN and recently some market solutions are available. Its disadvantage is to increase by at least 10 times the needed bandwidth and for this reason its introduction will be gradual and will coexist with traditional RAN solutions in which Ethernet traffic is carried towards the radio base stations. In this paper, we propose an Xhaul optical network architecture based on Optical Transport Network (OTN) and Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) technologies. The network allows for a dynamic allocation of the bandwidth resources according to the current traffic demand. The network topology is composed of OTN/DWDM rings and the objective of the paper is to evaluate the best configuration (number of rings and number of wavelengths needed) to both to minimize the cost and to provide an implementable solution. We introduce an analytical model for the evaluation of the number of wavelengths needed in each optical ring and provide some results for 5G case studies. We show how, although the single ring configuration provides the least cost solution due to the high statistical multiplexing advantage, it is not implementable because it needs switching apparatus with a too high number of ports. For this reason, more than one ring is needed and its value depends on several parameters as the offered traffic, the number of Radio Remote Units (RRU), the percentage of business sub-area and so on. Finally, the analytical model allows us to evaluate the advantages of the proposed dynamic resource allocation solution with respect to the static one in which the network is provided with a number of wavelengths determined in the scenario in which the radio station works at full load. The bandwidth saving can be in the order of 90% in a 5G traffic scenario.