gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Characterization of Fluorescent Cellulose (2003)

Abstract A new cellulose based fluorescent polymer has been successfully synthesized by esterificaction of 1‐pyrenebutyric acid and cellulose. This polymer was characterized by solid state 13C cross‐polarization/magic angle spinning (CP/MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), ultra‐violet‐visible (UV‐VIS) and fluorescence spectroscopic techniques. Spectroscopic results show that the pyrene chromophores have been covalently linked to cellulose. The quenching of fluorescence of by dinitrotoluene (DNT) follows the Stern–Volmer relationship. This suggests the potential use of this polymer in sensor and other applications.
Nature of Sensitivity Promotion in Pd‐Loaded SnO2 Gas Sensor (1996)

The nature of electronic interaction between noble metal and semiconducting oxide was investigated for Pd‐loaded sensor elements. It was shown that grains contacting to PdO were strongly depleted of electrons in air. This electronic interaction disappears on exposure not only to ‐containing air but also to He (inert gas). On the basis of these results, it was suggested that the adsorbed oxygen formed at the interface is responsible for the electronic interaction.
Clinical Significance of a Large Difference (≥ 2 points) between Biopsy and Post-prostatectomy Pathological Gleason Scores in Patients with Prostate Cancer (2011)

We investigated the clinical significance of large difference (≥ 2 points) between biopsy-derived (bGS) and post-prostatectomy Gleason scores (pGS). At 14 medical centers in Korea, 1,582 men who underwent radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer were included. According to the difference between bGS and pGS, the patients were divided into three groups: A (decreased in pGS ≥ 2, n = 30), B (changed in pGS ≤ 1, n = 1,361; control group), and C (increased in pGS ≥ 2, n = 55). We evaluated various clinicopathological factors of prostate cancer and hazards for biochemical failure. Group A showed significantly higher mean maximal percentage of cancer in the positive cores (max%) and pathological T stage than control. In group C, the number of biopsy core was significantly smaller, however, tumor volume and max% were significantly higher and more positive biopsy cores were presented than control. Worse pathological stage and more margin-positive were observed in group A and C than in control. Hazard ratio for biochemical failure was also higher in group A and C (P = 0.001). However, the groups were not independent factors in multivariate analysis. In conclusion, large difference between bGS and pGS shows poor prognosis even in the decreased group. However it is not an independent prognostic factor for biochemical failure.
Regenerative Bladder Augmentation Using Autologous Tissue—When Will We Get There? (2014)

No AccessJournal of UrologyEditorial1 May 2014Regenerative Bladder Augmentation Using Autologous Tissue—When Will We Get There? Anthony Atala Anthony AtalaAnthony Atala More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2014.02.086AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Regenerative Bladder Augmentation Using Autologous Tissue—When Will We Get There?." The Journal of Urology, 191(5), pp. 1204–1205 References 1 : Viable offspring derived from fetal and adult mammalian cells. Nature1997; 385: 810. Google Scholar 2 : Embryonic stem cell lines derived from human blastocysts. Science1998; 282: 1145. Google Scholar 3 : Tissue-engineered autologous bladders for patients needing cystoplasty. Lancet2006; 367: 1241. Google Scholar 4 : Early cellular and stromal responses in regeneration versus repair of a mammalian bladder using autologous cell and biodegradable scaffold technologies. J Urol2008; 180: 392. Link, Google Scholar 5 : Long-term durability, tissue regeneration and neo-organ growth during skeletal maturation with a neo-bladder augmentation construct. Regen Med2008; 3: 671. Google Scholar 6 : De novo reconstitution of a functional mammalian urinary bladder by tissue engineering. Nat Biotechnol1999; 17: 149. Google Scholar 7 : Autologous cell seeded biodegradable scaffold for augmentation cystoplasty: phase II study in children and adolescents with spina bifida. J Urol2014; 191: 1389. Link, Google Scholar 8 : Trends in risks associated with new drug development: success rates for investigational drugs. Clin Pharmacol Ther2010; 87: 272. Google Scholar 9 : The gold industry standard for risk and cost of drug and vaccine development revisited. Vaccine2011; 29: 5846. Google Scholar 10 Bersenev A: Why do cell therapy clinical trials fail? Current Trends in Cell Therapy, September 17, 2012. Available at http://celltrials.info/. Google Scholar 11 : Clinical transplantation of a tissue-engineered airway. Lancet2008; 372: 2023. Google Scholar 12 : Effectiveness of haemodialysis access with an autologous tissue-engineered vascular graft: a multicentre cohort study. Lancet2009; 373: 1440. Google Scholar 13 : Tissue-engineered autologous urethras for patients who need reconstruction: an observational study. Lancet2011; 377: 1175. Google Scholar 14 : The global landscape of stem cell clinical trials. Regen Med2014; 9: 27. Google Scholar © 2014 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 191Issue 5May 2014Page: 1204-1205 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2014 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Anthony Atala More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Multiple Bonds between Main-Group Elements and Transition Metals. 166.1 Oxo/Imido Complexes of Heptavalent Rhenium:  Structures, Reactivity, and Behavior in Solution (1998)

Mixed imido/oxo rhenium(VII) complexes, formal derivatives of methyltrioxorhenium(VII) (1) with (2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imido ligands of general formula CH3ReO3-x(NR)x (x = 1, and 2; compounds 2 and 3, respectively), have been synthesized. Their structures and behavior in solution have been studied by dynamic 1H and 17O NMR spectroscopy. In the solid state, compounds 2 and 3 display dimeric structures, as shown by X-ray crystallography. In solution, monomeric and dimeric forms exist in equilibria. At elevated temperatures, the monomers are dominant. In the solid state, the dimeric compounds are bridged by oxygen ligands, forming Re2O2 units, while in solution, nitrogen bridging is also evident. Formal replacement of all three oxo groups in 1 by (2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imido ligands leads to a compound of formula CH3Re(NR)3 (4). Complex 4 is monomeric both in solution, regardless of the temperature, and in the solid state. Ligand exchange processes take place via dimeric intermediates if organorhenium oxides are mixed with organorhenium(VII) imido/oxo species or organorhenium(VII) imides. Reaction of methylbis(imido)monooxorhenium(VII) (3) with (methylcyclopentadienyl) trioxorhenium (5) leads to a dimer with mixed methyl/cyclopentadienyl and imido/oxo groups (6). Reaction of 2−4 with water slowly leads to the formation of 1, perrhenate, and amines.
Multichannel Noise Reduction in the Karhunen-Loève Expansion Domain (2014)

The noise reduction problem is traditionally approached in the time, frequency, or transform domain. Having a signal dependent transform has shown some advantages over the traditional signal independent transform. Recently, the single-channel noise reduction problem in the Karhunen-Loève expansion (KLE) domain has received special attention. In this paper, the noise reduction problem in the KLE domain is studied from a multichannel perspective. We present a new formulation of the problem, in which inter-channel and inter-mode correlations are optimally exploited. We derive different optimal noise reduction filters and present a set of useful performance measures within this framework. The performance of the different filters is then evaluated through experiments in which not only noise but also competing speech sources are present. It is shown that the proposed multichannel formulation is more robust to competing speech sources than the single-channel approach and that a better compromise between noise reduction and speech distortion can be obtained.
Functional Consequences of a Novel Variant of PCSK1 (2013)

Our findings that this novel R80Q (rs1799904) variant both exhibits adverse effects on PC1/3 activity and is prevalent in the population suggests that further biochemical and genetic analysis to assess its contribution to the risk of metabolic disease within the general population is warranted.
Simultaneous Effects of Carboxyl Group-Containing Hyperbranched Polymers on Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polyamide 6/Hollow Glass Microsphere Syntactic Foams (2022)

The hollow glass microsphere (HGM) containing polymer materials, which are named as syntactic foams, have been applied as lightweight materials in various fields. In this study, carboxyl group-containing hyperbranched polymer (HBP) was added to a glass fiber (GF)-reinforced syntactic foam (RSF) composite for the simultaneous enhancement of mechanical and rheological properties. HBP was mixed in various concentrations (0.5-2.0 phr) with RSF, which contains 23 wt% of HGM and 5 wt% of GF, and the rheological, thermal, and mechanical properties were characterized systematically. As a result of the lubricating effect of the HBP molecule, which comes from its dendritic architecture, the viscosity, storage modulus, loss modulus, and the shear stress of the composite decreased as the HBP content increased. At the same time, because of the hydrogen bonding among the polymer, filler, and HBP, the compatibility between filler and the polymer matrix was enhanced. As a result, by adding a small amount (0.5-2.0 phr) of HBP to the RSF composite, the tensile strength and flexural modulus were increased by 24.3 and 9.7%, respectively, and the specific gravity of the composite was decreased from 0.948 to 0.917. With these simultaneous effects on the polymer composite, HBP could be potentially utilized further in the field of lightweight materials.
Cell Planning and Deployment for IEEE 802.11p\/WAVE Network (2015)

In order to support the mobility of vehicles and reliable services in the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11p/wireless access in vehicular environments (WAVE) network, cell planning and coverage optimization are critical issues. In light of this, we employed the IEEE 802.11p/WAVE test-bed located at the Chungju campus of the Korea National University of Transportation (KNUT). We proposed a prediction model by using a 3D ray-tracing tool with geographic information system (GIS) data for cell planning and coverage optimization. Furthermore, we developed the WAVE geometric measurement studio (WGMS), which can be used as a tool for the cell planning and deployment of IEEE 802.11p/WAVE wireless networks. By comparing the measurement campaign results with the simulated results, it is confirmed that the proposed prediction model and the developed WGMS can together be used as a general solution tool to reduce the cost and time consumption for the cell planning and optimization of IEEE 802.11p/WAVE wireless networks.
Phase-modulation based transmitarray convergence lens for vortex wave carrying orbital angular momentum (2018)

Vortex electromagnetic (EM) waves hold promise for their ability to significantly increase the transmission capacity of wireless communication systems via the torsion resistance defined by different topological charges associated with the orbital angular momentum (OAM). However, the application of vortex waves in remote distance transmission is limited by its characteristic of divergence. In this paper, a lens based on a phase-modulation metasurface (MS) is proposed that enables vortex EM waves to converge, thereby improving their propagation performance at microwave frequencies. A phase-shift distribution on the plane of the MS is obtained based on the concept of the optical converging axicon, which can convert a Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) beam to a Bessel beam based on changing the propagation direction. Simulation results verify the ability of the MS lens to achieve OAM beam focusing, which is advantageous for enhancing the propagation directivity and increasing the gain in the main lobes of vortex waves. This is of particular importance in microwave wireless communication applications.
Efficient Time-Stamped Event Sequence Anonymization (2013)

With the rapid growth of applications which generate timestamped sequences (click streams, GPS trajectories, RFID sequences), sequence anonymization has become an important problem, in that should such data be published or shared. Existing trajectory anonymization techniques disregard the importance of time or the sensitivity of events. This article is the first, to our knowledge, thorough study on time-stamped event sequence anonymization. We propose a novel and tunable generalization framework tailored to event sequences. We generalize time stamps using time intervals and events using a taxonomy which models the domain semantics. We consider two scenarios: (i) sharing the data with a single receiver (the SSR setting), where the receiver’s background knowledge is confined to a set of time stamps and time generalization suffices, and (ii) sharing the data with colluding receivers (the SCR setting), where time generalization should be combined with event generalization. For both cases, we propose appropriate anonymization methods that prevent both user identification and event prediction. To achieve computational efficiency and scalability, we propose optimization techniques for both cases using a utility-based index, compact summaries, fast to compute bounds for utility, and a novel taxonomy-aware distance function. Extensive experiments confirm the effectiveness of our approach compared with state of the art, in terms of information loss, range query distortion, and preserving temporal causality patterns. Furthermore, our experiments demonstrate efficiency and scalability on large-scale real and synthetic datasets.
Complementary Microstrip-Slotline Stub Configuration for Group Delay Engineering (2012)

A microstrip shunt open-stub overlapping a shorted slotline is presented and used to design a novel wideband dispersive delay line. The inherent periodic transmission zeros due to the resonances of an open-stub and a shorted slotline can be removed by using the complementary configuration. Moreover, the phase response of the complementary stub is frequency dependant which is used to design a dispersive delay line. The group delay profile of the complementary stub is smooth and continuous while at the same time maintaining a flat magnitude response over an ultra-wide bandwidth. Several units can be cascaded to obtain a desired group delay profile. This configuration can be used in analog signal processing or to reduce the signal distortion from other wideband components.
Dropwise Condensation on Soft Hydrophobic Coatings (2017)

Promoting dropwise condensation (DWC) could improve the efficiency of many industrial systems. Consequently, a lot of effort has been dedicated to finding durable materials that could sustainably promote DWC as well as finding routes to enhance the heat transfer rate during this phase change process. Motivated by previous reports of substrate softening increasing droplet nucleation rate, here we investigated how mechanical properties of a substrate impact relevant droplet-surface interactions and DWC heat transfer rate. Specifically, we experimentally quantified the effect of hydrophobic elastomer's shear modulus on droplet nucleation density and shedding radius. To quantify the impact of substrate softening on heat transfer through individual droplets, we combined analytical solution of elastomer deformation induced by droplets with finite element modeling of the heat transfer process. By substituting these experimentally and theoretically derived values into DWC heat transfer model, we quantified the compounding effect of the substrate's mechanical properties on the overall heat transfer rate. Our results show that softening of the substrates below a shear modulus of 500 kPa results in a significant reduction in the condensation heat transfer rate. This trend is primarily driven by additional thermal resistance of the liquid posed by depression of the soft substrate.
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Aryl and Alkenyl Halides from Fluorosulfonates (2023)

Aryl and alkenyl halides are widely used as key intermediates in organic synthesis, particularly for the formation of organometallic reagents or as radical precursors. They are also found in pharmaceutical and agrochemical ingredients. In this work, the synthesis of aryl and alkenyl halides from the corresponding fluorosulfonates using commercially available ruthenium catalysts is reported. Notably, this is the first conversion of phenols to aryl halides that is efficient with chloride, bromide, and iodide. Fluorosulfonates are readily prepared using sulfuryl fluoride (SO<sub>2</sub> F<sub>2</sub> ) and less expensive substitutes for triflates. Although aryl fluorosulfonates and their reactions are well known, this is the first report of an efficient coupling of alkenyl fluorosulfonates. To finish, it was demonstrated, by means of representative examples, that the reaction is possible in a one-pot process, starting directly from phenol or aldehyde.
Enhanced terahertz detection using multiple GaAs HEMTs connected in series (2009)

We report here, for the first time, on enhanced nonresonant detection of terahertz radiation using multiple InGaAs/GaAs high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) connected in series and biased by a direct drain current. A 1.63 THz (184 mum) response is proportional to the number of detecting transistors operating in saturation region at the same gate-source bias voltage. The experimental data are in agreement with the detection mechanism based on the rectification of overdamped plasma waves excited by radiation in channels of devices.
Effects of oxygenation and flow on the viability and function of rat hepatocytes cocultured in a microchannel flat‐plate bioreactor (2001)

The goal of this study was to investigate the viability and synthetic function of rat hepatocytes cocultured with 3T3-J2 fibroblasts in a small-scale microchannel flat-plate bioreactor with and without an internal membrane oxygenator under flow. Bioreactor channel heights ranged between 85 and 500 microm and medium flow rates ranged between 0.06 and 4.18 mL/min. The results showed that the bioreactor without the oxygenator resulted in significantly decreased viability and function of hepatocytes, whereas hepatocytes in the bioreactor with internal membrane oxygenator were able to maintain their viability and function. The shear stress calculations showed that, at lower wall shear stresses (0.01 to 0.33 dyn/cm(2)), hepatocyte functions, measured as albumin and urea synthesis rates, were as much as 2.6- and 1.9-fold greater, respectively, than those at higher wall shear stresses (5 to 21 dyn/cm(2)). Stable albumin and urea synthesis rates for 10 days of perfusion were also demonstrated in the bioreactor with internal membrane oxygenator. These results are relevant in the design of hepatocyte bioreactors and the eventual scaling-up to clinical devices.
Stokes resolved differential temperature: an important metric of polarimetric precision in the long-wave infrared (2021)

In remote sensing, radiometric measurements taken in the mid-wave infrared and beyond (λ &gt; 3μm) are commonly reported in units of Kelvin by utilizing Planck's radiation law to relate measured radiance and target brightness temperature (Tb). Thus, it is desirable to match this formalism in thermal polarimetry and report the unnormalized Stokes parameters in units of K instead of radiance (Wm-2sr-1). This approach also allows common performance metrics in long-wave infrared (LWIR) imaging such as Noise Equivalent Differential Temperature (NEDT) to be modified and extended to metrics of polarimetric accuracy and precision. However, since the relationship between measured radiance and Tb are non-linear, the conversion of I, Q, and U in units of radiance to Tb, Tb,Q, and Tb,U in K is ambiguous. As a solution a metric of performance for thermal linear Stokes polarimetry, the Stokes resolved differential temperature (SRDT), is introduced. © 2021 SPIE.
Energy mapping of attenuation coefficients for data correction in SPET (1995)

Villafuerte, M. Rodriguez; Cullum, I. D.; Speller, R.; Jarritt, P. H. Author Information
Facile Molecular Catalysis for Isomerization of Glucose to Fructose Using KMnO 4 in Water (2020)

Abstract This research demonstrates the eco‐friendly conversion of glucose to fructose in an aqueous solution of potassium permanganate (KMnO 4 ) via a hydrothermal method. A series of reactions have been completed at different temperatures, times, and concentrations of the catalyst. The examination of the glucose to fructose transformation was determined by using quantitative HPLC, and 13 C‐NMR analyses. 29% fructose yield was found with 68% fructose selectivity, at 90 °C for an 8 h reaction in aqueous solution. The catalytic activity of KMnO 4 was correlated with its Lewis acidity. The outcomes of these experiments provided a better understanding of sugar transformations in the KMnO 4 aqueous solution. The mechanism of glucose isomerization has been proposed based on supporting transformations utilizing Lewis acids for the isomerization of glucose.
Microscopic image classification using sparsity in a transform domain and Bayesian learning (2011)

Some biomedical images show a large quantity of different junctions and sharp corners. It is possible to classify several types of biomedical images in a region covariance approach. Cancer cell line images are divided into small blocks and covariance matrices of image blocks are computed. Eigenvalues of the covariance matrices are used as classification parameters in a Bayesian framework using the sparsity of the parameters in a transform domain. The efficiency of the proposed method over classification using standard Support Vector Machines (SVM) is demonstrated on biomedical image data.
Brucella abortus RB51 ΔleuB expressing Salmonella FliC conjugated gonadotropins reduces mouse fetal numbers: A possible feral swine brucellosis immunocontraceptive vaccine (2021)

Population and health management of wildlife is a key to environmental health, domestic herd health, and ultimately public health. Many different methods including: surgical sterilization, poison baits, and sponsored hunting programs have been used in the attempt to control populations of various nuisance animal species. Particular interest has been given to immunocontraception through wildlife vaccination protocols. This study specifically looked at the potential immunocontraceptive and protective properties of a <i>Brucella abortus</i> RB51 Δ<i>leuB</i> vaccine expressing <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i> FliC conjugated to porcine follicle stimulating hormone beta subunit (FSHβ) or gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) DNA sequences. <i>B. abortus</i> RB51 Δ<i>leuB</i> pNS4-<i>TrcD</i>-<i>FliC</i>- <i>FSH</i> <sub><i>β</i></sub> (RB51LFSHβ) and <i>B. abortus</i> RB51 Δ<i>leuB</i> pNS4-<i>TrcD</i>-<i>FliC</i>-<i>GnRH</i> (RB51LGnRH) were tested in a pilot breeding study with BALB/c mice, and a significant reduction in fertility characteristics was observed in both male and female mice. Ultimately, this study provides support to test these vaccine candidates in feral swine, a destructive invasive species in the United States of America.