gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ablation of NK Cell Function During Tumor Growth Favors Type 2‐Associated Macrophages, Leading to Suppressed CTL Generation (2003)

Several reports describe regulatory interactions between NK cells and CTLs. We addressed the issue of NK participation in the early anti-tumor defense by inoculating alpha-ASGM-1 treated mice with BW-Sp3 T lymphoma. Rejection of BW-Sp3 depends on strong CTL responses. Our results demonstrated that (i) NK cells are a prerequisite for efficient CTL generation and (ii) the absence of NK cells favors the outgrowth of alternatively activated macrophages that can suppress CTL restimulation. In vitro studies demonstrate that in splenic cultures from NK-deficient, tumor-bearing mice, the presence of alternatively activated macrophages correlates with a lack of Type 1 cytokines, while the production of Type 2 cytokines is promoted. Provision of the Type 1 cytokine, IFN-gamma can boost overall CTL activity but does not revert the dominance of arginase producing adherent cells in the NK-deficient CTL cultures. The role of NK effector functions in the efficient switch of the immune system towards Type 1 activation was evaluated in cytotoxicity assays. The results indicate that the accessory function of NK can depend at least partially on their ability to preferentially engage arginase-producing cells, suggesting that NK/macrophage lytic interactions might be involved in the switch from Type 2 to Type 1-dependent immune responses.
Separating the Wheat from the Chaff: Unbiased Filtering of Background Tandem Mass Spectra Improves Protein Identification (2008)

Only a small fraction of spectra acquired in LC-MS/MS runs matches peptides from target proteins upon database searches. The remaining, operationally termed background, spectra originate from a variety of poorly controlled sources and affect the throughput and confidence of database searches. Here, we report an algorithm and its software implementation that rapidly removes background spectra, regardless of their precise origin. The method estimates the dissimilarity distance between screened MS/MS spectra and unannotated spectra from a partially redundant background library compiled from several control and blank runs. Filtering MS/MS queries enhanced the protein identification capacity when searches lacked spectrum to sequence matching specificity. In sequence-similarity searches it reduced by, on average, 30-fold the number of orphan hits, which were not explicitly related to background protein contaminants and required manual validation. Removing high quality background MS/MS spectra, while preserving in the data set the genuine spectra from target proteins, decreased the false positive rate of stringent database searches and improved the identification of low-abundance proteins.
Mechanical Loading Uniquely Up-Regulates MMP-13 in Rat Supraspinatus Tendon But Not Achilles Tendon (2007)

Tendon injuries and chronic pain, known as tendinopathy, are extremely common in supraspinatus and Achilles tendons. Despite their prevalence, the pathogenesis of these conditions is poorly understood. One of most common cited factors for injuries to the rotator cuff tendons is “impingement”, namely, mechanical compression of the supraspinatus tendon by the overlying coracoacromial arch [1]. To date, few studies have investigated the molecular processes underlying this condition.
Resveratrol and ω-3 PUFAs Promote Human Macrophage Differentiation and Function (2022)

Monocytes differentiate into M1 and M2 macrophages, which are classically activated by microbial products such as LPS or IFN-γ and interleukins (e.g., the anti-inflammatory and T<sub>h</sub>2 promoting IL-4), respectively. The contribution of nutrients or nutrient-based substances such as ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) and resveratrol (Res) on the differentiation and function of M1 and M2 macrophages was evaluated. THP-1 cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were differentiated into M1 and M2 cells and activated with LPS/IFN-γ or IL-4/IL-13. Macrophage lineage specific surface determinants (e.g., CD11b, CD11c, CD14, CD206, CD209, CD274, HLA-DR, CCR7, CCR2) were analysed by cytofluorometry. Res and ω-3 PUFAs altered CD14, CD206, CD274 and HL-DR surface expression patterns in M1 and M2 macrophages differentiated from PBMC. LPS/IFN-γ or IL-14/IL-13 activated macrophages subpopulations, which secreted cytokines and chemokines as measured by multiplex ELISA. Res and ω-3 PUFA reduced IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, CXCL10/IP-10, CCL13/MCP-4 and CCL20/MIP-3α in LPS/IFN-γ activated human leukaemia THP-1 cells, which is indicative of a dampening effect on M1 macrophages. However, Res increased M1 prototypic cytokines such as IL-1β or IL-6 in macrophages derived from PBMCs and also modified the expression of IL-12p70. Collectively, Res and ω-3 PUFAs distinctly promoted the differentiation and function of M1 and M2 macrophages. We conclude that these substances strengthen the macrophage-mediated effects on the innate and adaptive immune response.
Index assignment for multiple description repair in distributed storage systems (2014)

Distributed storage systems have been receiving increasing attention lately due to the developments in cloud and grid computing. Furthermore, a major part of the stored information comprises of multimedia, whose content can be communicated even with a lossy (non-perfect) reconstruction. In this context, Multiple Description Lattice Quantizers (MDLQ) can be employed to encode such sources for distributed storage and store them across distributed nodes. Their inherent properties yield that having access to all nodes gives perfect reconstruction of the source, while the reconstruction quality decreases gracefully with fewer available nodes. If a set of nodes fails, lossy repair techniques could be applied to reconstruct the failed nodes from the available ones. This problem has mostly been studied with the lossless (perfect) reconstruction assumption. In this work, a general model, Multiple Description Lattice Quantizer with Repairs (MDLQR), is introduced that encompasses the lossy repair problem for distributed storage applications. New performance measures and repair techniques are introduced for MDLQR, and a non-trivial identity is derived, which is related to other results in the literature. This enables us to find the optimal encoder for a certain repair technique used in the MDLQR. Furthermore, simulation results are used to evaluate the performance of the different repair techniques.
Molar Mass (2016)

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy's Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.
Oil Transport Following theDeepwater HorizonBlowout (2022)

The <i>Deepwater Horizon</i> oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010 was the largest in US history, covering more than 1,000 km of shorelines and causing losses that exceeded $50 billion. While oil transformation processes are understood at the laboratory scale, the extent of the <i>Deepwater Horizon</i> spill made it challenging to integrate these processes in the field. This review tracks the <i>Deepwater Horizon</i> oil during its journey from the Mississippi Canyon block 252 (MC252) wellhead, first discussing the formation of the oil and gas plume and the ensuing oil droplet size distribution, then focusing on the behavior of the oil on the water surface with and without waves. It then reports on massive drifter experiments in the Gulf of Mexico and the impact of the Mississippi River on the oil transport. Finally, it concludes by addressing the formation of oil-particle aggregates. Although physical processes lend themselves to numerical modeling, we attempted to elucidate them without using advanced modeling, as our goal is to enhance communication among scientists, engineers, and other entities interested in oil spills.
Apoptosis and Bcl-2 expression in cultured murine splenic T cells. (1995)

To elucidate the mechanism by which bcl-2 affects apoptosis in post-thymic T cells, we investigated the expression of Bcl-2 protein in primary cultures of splenic T cells and in the interleukin-2 (IL-2)-dependent T-cell line CTLL-2. The overall level of Bcl-2 was determined by immunoblotting, and the variability in Bcl-2 expression was determined by flow cytometry. For a few days after concanavalin A (Con A) plus IL-2 activation, the overall level of Bcl-2 in T cells remains unchanged, but it becomes more heterogeneous. By 5 days after activation, the expression returns to a more homogeneous distribution, but it is increased up to threefold above pre-activation levels, depending upon the dose of IL-2 supplied. When Con A blasts or CTLL-2 cells are deprived of IL-2 for 24 hr, there is no change in their overall Bcl-2 levels which remain homogeneous even though almost half of the cells are apoptotic. However, when bcl-2 transfected CTLL-2 cells are deprived of IL-2, they do not undergo apoptosis, and their endogenous Bcl-2 protein level slowly decreases relative to their total protein. These data document the IL-2-dependent expression of Bcl-2 in activated T cells, confirm the ability of deregulated bcl-2 to inhibit the onset of apoptosis after IL-2 withdrawal, but suggest that, after IL-2 withdrawal, a drop in Bcl-2 levels relative to total protein levels does not precede apoptosis.
Kinetics and selectivity of deep catalytic oxidation of volatile organic compound mixtures. [Benzene, n-hexane, and ethyl acetate] (1987)

The paper gives results of a fundamental study of low-temperature deep (complete) oxidation of n-hexane, benzene, and ethylacetate over a 0.1% Pt, 3% Ni/gamma-Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ catalyst. (NOTE: Deep catalytic combustion of volatile organic compounds is emerging as an important emission-control technique.) These VOCs were subjected to oxidation as single components and as binary and ternary mixtures at temperatures of 160 to 360 C. n-Hexane oxidation was significantly inhibited in the mixtures, and ethyl acetate oxidation was significantly enhanced in the mixtures. An approach based on the Mars/van Krevlan rate model is being used to explain these inhibitions and enhancements. The model was reasonable successful in predicting the conversion of benzene and n-hexane in their binary mixture, in the intrinsic kinetic region. However, as expected, it overpredicted the conversions in the mass transfer region, since the effect of mass transfer was not incorporated.
MODIFICATION OF SURFACE OF DOUBLE WALL CARBON NANO TUBES BY FULLERENE C60 (2018)

The composite samples based on double-wall carbon nano tubes and fullerenes followed by laser treatment were prepared. XPS confirmed existence of essential contact between two components of the composite. The differential charging effect disappears after laser processing, which induces photopolymerization of fullerene clusters. The TEM showed close-packed continuous coating of cross-linked C60 clusters formed on the surface of nano tubes after laser irradiation.
ChemInform Abstract: p‐Toluenesulfonylmethyl Isocyanide (TosMIC) and Indium Manifold Strategy to Access β‐Keto‐(E)‐enamino Esters from 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Dynamics of &#x2018;abc&#x2019; and &#x2018;qd&#x2019; constant parameters induction generator model: Wind park application (2009)

In this paper, parametric sensibility effects on dynamics of the induction generator in the presence of local perturbations are investigated. The study is conducted in a 3×2 MW wind park dealing with abc, qd0 and qd reduced order, induction generator model respectively, and with fluxes as state variables. Results show that together to time domain analysis, very important dynamic characteristics need to be taken into account for modern wind turbine control and power electronic application.
GA Design of Small Thin-Wire Antennas: Comparison With Sierpinsky-Type Prefractal Antennas (2006)

A new set of genetically generated electrically small thin-wire antennas with a better performance than that of several families of Sierpinsky prefractal monopoles of the same electrical size at resonance is presented.
Virology. A molecular whodunit. (2001)

The Spanish flu pandemic killed more than 20 million people worldwide in 1918. An extremely virulent influenza virus that jumped from chickens to humans appeared in Hong Kong in 1997. Why is it that these particular flu viruses were so virulent? In an enlightening Perspective,
 Webster
 discusses new work (
 Hatta
 et al.,
 Gibbs
 et al.) that offers fresh insights into the factors determining flu virus virulence. In addition, he advises on the steps that we need to take to avert another flu pandemic on the scale of the Spanish flu.
Fringe‐washing function calibration in aperture synthesis microwave radiometry (2003)

This paper describes how the fringe‐washing function of a wide field of view interferometric radiometer can be accurately estimated using a relatively simple method. Fringe washing is an undesired effect that can be avoided in radio‐telescopes due to its narrow‐beam nature, but which is unavoidable in wide field of view interferometers, as those built for Earth Observation applications. The 3‐delay method is based on performing correlations at ‐T, 0 and +T lags of each baseline of the interferometer, when all receiver inputs are connected to a common noise source (centralized correlated noise injection). In addition, a fringe‐washing function closure relationship is presented which allows to extend this concept to aperture synthesis radiometers using distributed correlated noise injection. The results presented in this paper are simulations based on real measurements of the end‐to‐end frequency response of the first prototype receivers of ESA's Microwave Imaging Radiometer with Aperture Synthesis (MIRAS).
ACL graft compression: a method to allow reduced tunnel sizes in ACL reconstruction (2018)

No detrimental biomechanical effects of graft compression on allograft PL tendons were observed. Following compression, the grafts significantly increased in size during in vitro joint simulation. No significant difference was observed in graft stability between groups. Graft compression did not cause adverse mechanical effects in vitro. Smaller tunnels for compressed grafts reduce bone loss and ease anatomical placement.
A Si-micromachined 48-stage Knudsen pump for on-chip vacuum (2012)

This paper describes a thermal transpiration-driven multistage Knudsen pump for vacuum pumping applications. This type of pump relies upon the motion of gas molecules from the cold end to the hot end of a channel in which the flow is restricted to the free molecular or transitional regimes. To achieve a high compression ratio, 48 stages are cascaded in series in a single chip. A five-mask, single silicon wafer process is used for monolithic integration of the designed Knudsen pump. The pump has several monolithically integrated Pirani gauges to experimentally measure the vacuum pumping characteristics of the pump. It has a footprint of 10.35 11.45 mm 2 . For an input power of 1350 mW, the fabricated pump self-evacuates the encapsulated cavities from 760 to 50 Torr, resulting in a compression ratio of 15. It also pumps down from 250 to 5 Torr, resulting in a compression ratio of 50. Each integrated Pirani gauge requires 3.9 mW of power consumption, and its response is sufficiently sensitive in the operating pressure range of 760-1 Torr.
Figure Legends for Supplementary Figures S1-S12 from Dll4 Blockade in Stromal Cells Mediates Antitumor Effects in Preclinical Models of Ovarian Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Legends for Supplementary Figures S1-S12&lt;/p&gt;
64 GHz AlGaAs-HBT oscillator (1996)

A 64 GHz monolithic fundamental frequency oscillator was fabricated using an AlGaAs heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) technology which performs a unity current gain frequency fT = 100 GHz and a maximum frequency of oscillation fmax = 180 GHz. This oscillator uses co-planar waveguides (CPWs) for transmission lines and resonators.
Oil-Induced Viscoelasticity in Micellar Solutions of Alkoxy Sulfate (2019)

Rheological properties of the solution of an extended surfactant, sodium alkoxy sulfate (C<sub>8</sub>-(PO)<sub>4</sub>-(EO)<sub>1</sub>-SO<sub>4</sub>Na), are investigated as a function of the presence of various paraffinic oils over a range of salt conditions in the Winsor III microemulsion region at oil fractions where the microemulsion is "oil-starved". The addition of as small as 3 vol % alkane to 2 wt % surfactant solutions at salt concentrations where the oil-water interfacial tension is minimized induces a sudden shift in the rheological behavior. The solution viscosity increases by 5 orders of magnitude, with solid-like behaviors (<i>G'</i> > <i>G″</i>) being observed in the entire frequency region investigated (0.01-100 rad/s). Commonly, in the cases where wormlike micelles are present in the solution, alkanes are believed to be solubilized in the core of micelles, leading to a radial growth of the cylindrical part of the wormlike micelle, resulting in a drop of end-cap energy (<i>E</i><sub>C</sub>) and micelle length and a reduction in viscosity. In this study, however, the addition of oil causes the formation of wormlike micelles. The viscosity of solubilized-oil samples does, however, decrease with an increase in incorporated oil volume. We hypothesize that this "abnormal oleo-responsive" viscoelastic behavior is related to a spacer of intermediate hydrophilicity, that is, polypropylene oxide (PO) segment of the alkoxy sulfate, being inserted between the hydrophobic tail and hydrophilic head (the ethoxylated sulfate segment) of the extended surfactant. The addition of a small amount of oil likely extends the PO moiety and increases the tail length of the surfactant in the aggregates as well as reducing the headgroup size, driving the formation of wormlike micelles from a solution that initially had a viscosity consistent with the absence of such structures.
The Age, Creatinine, Ejection Fraction score: history, philosophy and perspectives (2022)

I read with great interest the article from Santarpino and associates [1], who present a large series of cardiac surgery patients enrolled in several Italian Institutions, aiming to compare the performance of the European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation (EuroSCORE II) with the Age, Creatinine, Ejection Fraction version II (ACEF II) score. The authors found that in the overall population, the EuroSCORE II had a higher discrimination ability than the ACEF II, with an area under the curve of 0.79 vs 0.73, respectively. This superiority was more evident in the subgroups of patients undergoing isolated valve surgery and isolated aortic surgery; conversely, in the setting of isolated coronary artery bypass surgery, the 2 scores provided a similar discrimination ability, with an area under the curve of 0.80 for the EuroSCORE II vs 0.77 for the ACEF II score. The authors conclude that their study confirms the ability of the parsimonious ACEF II score to predict perioperative mortality in cardiac surgery patients, showing comparable predictive performance with the more complex EuroSCORE II in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass.
Worldwide trends in blood pressure from 1975 to 2015: a pooled analysis of 1479 population-based measurement studies with 19·1 million participants (2016)

Wellcome Trust.
Immune Recognition of Cancer—Tumor Antigens (2002)

Observations initially made in the early 1980s indicated that lymphoid cells activated with IL-2 (LAK) could lyse tumor cells and mediate tumor regression in mice. Human clinical trials demonstrated tumor regression in 15-20% melanoma and renal cancer patients treated with IL-2 as well as LAK plus IL-2. Subsequent studies demonstrated that the in vitro stimulation of lymphocytes from tumor-bearing hosts with specific tumor cells as well as the expansion of TIL in the presence of IL-2 could result in the generation of tumor-reactive T cells. Cultured CD8+lymphocytes could be isolated from patients with a variety of malignancies that recognized autologous as well as allogeneic tumor cells expressing shared class I MHC restriction elements (Darrow et al., 1989; Horn et al., 1991; loannides et al., 1991; Finke et al., 1992). These T cells generally failed to recognize autologous or allogeneic normal cells, and thus appeared to recognize specific tumor antigens in a conventional class I restricted manner, as previously demonstrated in responses against viruses and other foreign antigens (Yewdell and Bennink, 1992). Tumorreactive T cells were found to release IFN-γ, TNF-α and GM-CSF in response to tumor stimulation and mediated tumor cell lysis (Schwartzentruber et al., 1991). In addition, class II restricted CD4+T cells were identified that released the same set of cytokines as well as IL-2 in response to specific tumor stimulation. Although these cells were more effective than LAK cells at mediating tumor regressions in human clinical trials, complete long-term cures were found in only a small percentage of treated patients.
Detection and Screening of Salmonella enteritidis-Infected Chickens with Recombinant Flagellin (2001)

Screening and identification of Salmonella enteritidis in commercial poultry flocks have assumed principal roles in preventing transmission of this pathogen to humans from hen eggs. Serologic diagnosis of S. enteritidis infection in commercial flocks currently relies on laboratory-based tests for detection of antibodies to the lipopolysaccharide, whole flagella, and bacteria. We amplified a sequence from the g,m flagellin of S. enteritidis, followed by cloning, expression, and purification of the protein. The recombinant protein was first characterized by western blot and subsequently evaluated as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) antigen for detection of S. enteritidis infection. A total number of 49 positive sera and 40 negative sera were tested for ELISA validation. A cutoff value of 0.14 was shown to be sufficient to discriminate the negative and positive sera. Results obtained by testing sera raised against different bacterial strains/serotypes further confirmed that this recombinant flagellin-based ELISA was indeed specific for the detection of S. enteritidis. Both sensitivity and specificity of the developed ELISA test were comparable with a commercially available test, indicating that it is a highly promising and reliable diagnostic tool for S. enteritidis infection.