gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Application of High Energy Ignition and Boosting/Mixing Technology to Increase Fuel Economy in Spark Ignition Gasoline Engines by Increasing EGR Dilution Capability (2015)

This report summarizes activities conducted in support of the project “The Application of High Energy Ignition and Boosting/Mixing Technology to Increase Fuel Economy in Spark Ignition Gasoline Engines by Increasing EGR Dilution Capability” under COOPERATIVE AGREEMENT NUMBER DE-EE0005654, as outlined in the STATEMENT OF PROJECT OBJECTIVES (SOPO) dated May 2012.
Erratum: A genotype resource for postmortem brain samples from the Autism Tissue Program (2011)

Wintle, R.F., Lionel, A.C., Hu, P., Ginsberg, S.D., Pinto, D., Thiruvahindrapduram, B., Wei, J., Marshall, C.R., Pickett, J., Cook, E.H., and Scherer, S.W. (2011). Autism Research, 4, 89–97. It has come to the notice of the authors of the above-titled article that the data sets in the supporting information (http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/aur.173/suppinfo) are outdated. Data were accrued for the article using one set of numbers. New codes were assigned by the Brain Bank while the article was prepared for publication. These new codes are consistent with the ones in the body of the study and do not affect the findings of the article. The correct supporting information will be found online at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/aur.211/suppinfo Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Baculovirus as Vaccine Vectors (2010)

Application of viral vectors derived from human viruses to mediate immune response in animals and humans has been greatly hampered by the problems associated with pre-existing immunity and associated toxicities. Among few non-human viral vectors, baculovirus has now evolved as a novel tool for vaccine vector development. With broad tissue tropism and expanded bio-safety profile suitably supplemented with intrinsic immunostimulatory properties, baculovirus has now attained a niche position in the arena of vaccine development. Recombinant envelope-modified baculovirus equipped with novel shuttle promoters for in vivo transduction has shown promising results in several animal models. Baculovirus mediated induction of systemic and mucosal immune responses through intranasal or oral administration has now open an entirely new way for the development of new generation vaccines. Gaining additional insight into the baculovirus biology and its interaction with non-native hosts will certainly promote this human-friendly virus as a potential vector for clinical applications.
A Smart Nano‐Prodrug Platform with Reactive Drug Loading, Superb Stability, and Fast Responsive Drug Release for Targeted Cancer Therapy (2017)

Nano-prodrugs usually involve a multistep synthesis which largely compromises their benefits. Here, a smart nano-prodrug platform with reactive drug loading, superb stability, and triggered drug release is reported for targeted melanoma therapy. cRGD-decorated polymersomal mertansine prodrug (cRGD-PS-DM1) is readily fabricated from cRGD-functionalized poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(trimethylene carbonate-co-dithiolane trimethylene carbonate) with simultaneous loading of mertansine (DM1) via thiol-disulfide exchange reaction and disulfide cross-linking of polymersomal membrane. cRGD-PS-DM1 exhibits a size of ≈100 nm, little drug leakage, and fast DM1 release in the presence of 2 × 10<sup>-3</sup> -10 × 10<sup>-3</sup> m glutathione. Tetrazolium-based colorimetric assay (MTT) and confocal microscopy studies confirm effective homing of cRGD-PS-DM1 to α<sub>v</sub> β<sub>3</sub> overexpressing B16F10 melanoma cells. Notably, the in vivo studies show that cRGD-PS-DM1 has a greatly improved toleration as compared with free DM1 and effectively inhibits tumor growth and extends the survival time of B16F10 melanoma-bearing mice. cRGD-PS-DM1 nano-prodrug with reactive drug loading and multifunction provides an advanced nanomedicine for cancer therapy.
Controlling the spontaneous emission rate of monolayer MoS2 in a photonic crystal nanocavity (2013)

We report on controlling the spontaneous emission (SE) rate of a molybdenum disulfide (MoS<sub>2</sub>) monolayer coupled with a planar photonic crystal (PPC) nanocavity. Spatially resolved photoluminescence (PL) mapping shows strong variations of emission when the MoS<sub>2</sub> monolayer is on the PPC cavity, on the PPC lattice, on the air gap, and on the unpatterned gallium phosphide substrate. Polarization dependences of the cavity-coupled MoS<sub>2</sub> emission show a more than 5 times stronger extracted PL intensity than the un-coupled emission, which indicates an underlying cavity mode Purcell enhancement of the MoS<sub>2</sub> SE rate exceeding a factor of 70.
Impact of figures of merit in photonic inverse design (2023)

The rates of optical processes, such as two-photon absorption and spontaneous photon emission, are strongly dependent on the environment in which they take place, easily varying by orders of magnitude between different settings. Using topology optimization, we design a set of compact wavelength-sized devices, to study the effect of optimizing geometries for enhancing processes that depend differently on the field in the device volume, characterized by different figures of merit. We find that significantly different field distributions lead to maximization of the different processes, and - by extension - that the optimal device geometry is highly dependent on the targeted process, with more than an order of magnitude performance difference between optimized devices. This demonstrates that a univeral measure of field confinement is meaningless when evaluting device performance, and stresses the importance of directly targeting the appropriate metric when designing photonic components for optimal performance.
Probing the limitations of isotropic pair potentials to produce ground-state structural extremes via inverse statistical mechanics (2013)

Inverse statistical-mechanical methods have recently been employed to design optimized short-range radial (isotropic) pair potentials that robustly produce novel targeted classical ground-state many-particle configurations. The target structures considered in those studies were low-coordinated crystals with a high degree of symmetry. In this paper, we further test the fundamental limitations of radial pair potentials by targeting crystal structures with appreciably less symmetry, including those in which the particles have different local structural environments. These challenging target configurations demanded that we modify previous inverse optimization techniques. In particular, we first find local minima of a candidate enthalpy surface and determine the enthalpy difference ΔH between such inherent structures and the target structure. Then we determine the lowest positive eigenvalue λ(0) of the Hessian matrix of the enthalpy surface at the target configuration. Finally, we maximize λ(0)ΔH so that the target structure is both locally stable and globally stable with respect to the inherent structures. Using this modified optimization technique, we have designed short-range radial pair potentials that stabilize the two-dimensional kagome crystal, the rectangular kagome crystal, and rectangular lattices, as well as the three-dimensional structure of the CaF(2) crystal inhabited by a single-particle species. We verify our results by cooling liquid configurations to absolute zero temperature via simulated annealing and ensuring that such states have stable phonon spectra. Except for the rectangular kagome structure, all of the target structures can be stabilized with monotonic repulsive potentials. Our work demonstrates that single-component systems with short-range radial pair potentials can counterintuitively self-assemble into crystal ground states with low symmetry and different local structural environments. Finally, we present general principles that offer guidance in determining whether certain target structures can be achieved as ground states by radial pair potentials.
Achievable Data Rates of Broadband Power Line Communications in an Underground Medium-Voltage Network (2013)

Power line communications (PLC) or broadband over power lines (BPL) are getting popular for communication in smart grids. Consequently, new BPL standards have been introduced and new norms for the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of BPL are approaching. In this paper, the gross data rate is evaluated, which becomes achievable, if the newly approaching European EMC norm prEN 50561 is applied to IEEE 1901 compliant BPL. For comparison also older EMC norms are considered. The achievable data rate depends on the standardized transmission techniques and on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). To evaluate the SNR in underground medium-voltage (MV) networks, the channel attenuation and the noise have been measured on a 700 m MV line and compared to previous publications.
Low power‐consumption mid‐infrared distributed feedback quantum cascade laser for gas‐sensing application (2017)

A low power‐consumption distributed feedback quantum cascade laser (DFB‐QCL) is developed for gas‐sensing in 7 μm wavelength region. The threshold power‐consumption was as low as 0.93 W with the sufficient output power of 20 mW at 20°C under continuous‐wave condition. In addition, it maintained a single‐mode operation between −40 and 50°C without a mode‐hopping, leading to a total wavelength shift of 66 nm. This DFB‐QCL would be suitable for gas‐sensing application.
Targeting the Mitotic Kinesin KIF18A in Chromosomally Unstable Cancers: Hit Optimization Toward an In Vivo Chemical Probe (2022)

Chromosomal instability (CIN) is a hallmark of cancer that results from errors in chromosome segregation during mitosis. Targeting of CIN-associated vulnerabilities is an emerging therapeutic strategy in drug development. KIF18A, a mitotic kinesin, has been shown to play a role in maintaining bipolar spindle integrity and promotes viability of CIN cancer cells. To explore the potential of KIF18A, a series of inhibitors was identified. Optimization of an initial hit led to the discovery of analogues that could be used as chemical probes to interrogate the role of KIF18A inhibition. Compounds 23 and 24 caused significant mitotic arrest in vivo, which was sustained for 24 h. This would be followed by cell death either in mitosis or in the subsequent interphase. Furthermore, photoaffinity labeling experiments reveal that this series of inhibitors binds at the interface of KIF18A and tubulin. This study represents the first disclosure of KIF18A inhibitors with in vivo activity.
Initial Method for Characterization of Tympanic Membrane Drug Permeability in Human Temporal Bones In Situ (2021)

<b>Background and Introduction:</b> Acute otitis media is the most common reason for a visit to the pediatrician, often requiring systemic administration of oral antibiotics. Local drug therapy applied to the middle ear could avoid side effects associated with systemic antibiotic administration, however in the majority of patients this would require drugs to diffuse across an intact tympanic membrane. Experimental methods for testing trans-tympanic drug flux in human tissues <i>in situ</i> would be highly valuable to guide drug therapy development for local drug delivery to the middle ear. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> A total of 30 cadaveric human temporal bones were characterized by trans-tympanic impedance testing to determine how steps in tissue processing and storage might impact intactness of the tympanic membrane and thus suitability for use in studies of trans-tympanic drug flux. Ciprofloxacin drug solutions of varying concentrations were then applied to the lateral surface of the tympanic membrane in eight samples, and middle ear aspirate was collected over the following 48 h to evaluate trans-tympanic flux to the middle ear. <b>Results:</b> Tissue processing steps that involved extensive tissue manipulation were consistently associated with evidence of microperforations in the tympanic membrane tissue. Maintaining the tympanic membrane <i>in situ</i> within the temporal bone, while using an otologic drill to obtain transmastoid access to the middle ear, was demonstrated as a reliable, non-damaging technique for accessing both lateral and medial surfaces for trans-tympanic flux testing. Results in these bones demonstrated trans-tympanic flux of ciprofloxacin when administered at sufficiently high concentration. <b>Discussion and Conclusion:</b> The study describes key techniques and best practices, as well as pitfalls to avoid, in the development of a model for studying trans-tympanic drug flux in human temporal bones <i>in situ</i>. This model can be a valuable research tool in advancing progress toward eventual clinical studies for trans-tympanic drug delivery to the middle ear.
Detection of cell adhesion molecules in lens epithelial cells of human cataracts. (1997)

beta 1 integrin, ICAM-1 and CD44 are all involved in LEC attachment and growth on collagen and laminin in vitro. It can be assumed that these CAMs are involved in adhesion of LECs to extracellular matrix components of the lens capsule. Understanding the characteristics of the adhesion molecules in LEC may lead to the development of a new approach to inhibit secondary cataract formation.
Effects of sulfate position on heparin octasaccharide binding to CCL2 examined by tandem mass spectrometry (2006)

Chemokine-glycosaminoglycan (GAG) interactions have been shown to be essential for in vivo chemokine signaling, which functions in such diverse processes as inflammation, development, and cancer metastasis. Despite the importance of these interactions, the saccharide sequence dependency of chemokine-GAG interactions is poorly understood. In a recent study, FT-ICR mass spectrometry was used to show that the chemokine CCL2 (monocyte chemoattractant protein 1) binds only to the 11- and 12-sulfated components of a heparin octasaccharide library. Although the exact structure of the fully sulfated, 12-sulfated octasaccharide is known, the 11-sulfated species could have a number of sulfated disaccharide sequences. In the current study, the composition of the 11-sulfated heparin octasaccharides, as well as the composition of CCL2 affinity purified 11-sulfated heparin octasaccharides, were examined by tandem MS. Of the three possible singly desulfated disaccharides, one species, III-S, is enriched by CCL2 affinity purification, indicating that the 11-sulfated heparin octasaccharides containing this disaccharide are preferentially bound to CCL2. These data suggest that 2-O and N sulfation of heparin may be of greater importance to CCL2-heparin binding than 6-O sulfation.
Plaque burden can be assessed using intravascular optical coherence tomography and a dedicated automated processing algorithm: a comparison study with intravascular ultrasound (2019)

EEL-enhanced IVOCT can be used to reliably measure PB in all types of coronary atherosclerotic lesions, including fibroatheromas and mixed plaques.
Exploration of a Cable-Driven 3D Printer for Concrete Tower Structures (2019)

Researchers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory’s Manufacturing Research Demonstration Facility (MDF) are currently developing a cable-driven concrete additive manufacturing (AM) system called SKYBAAM. This system is a novel solution for 3D printing large structures using concrete. The current research focuses primarily on proof of concepts for the cable driven system, material selection, material pumping solutions, and the concrete extruder design. Looking forward from the success of the current research, this paper investigates the feasibility of using the SKYBAAM on a larger scale, specifically for extremely tall tower structures. The current system design presents challenges at a larger scale, and so the primary focus of this paper is to investigate new designs of a platform that would support large-scale SKYBAAM operations. Additionally, this paper will discuss the resulting deflections that can be expected due to machine operation and wind-loading. Excessive structural deflections could lead to loss of printing accuracy, or even a complete failure of the print, so it is important to establish that acceptable deflections can be reasonably achieved on these large-scale tower structures.
Combined Immuno-Chemotherapy (R-CHOP) Results in Significantly Superior Response Rates and Time to Treatment Failure in First Line Treatment of Patients with Lymphomplasmocytoid/ic Immunocytoma (LP-IC) - Results of a Prospective Randomized Trial of the German Low Grade Lymphoma Study Group (GLSG). (2004)

Abstract Lymphomplasmocytoid/ic immunocytoma (LP-IC), including Waldenstrom’s macro-globulinemia and lymphoplasmacytoid lymphoma according to the Kiel classification (the latter one subsummed as a variant of B-CLL in the WHO classification), is an indolent lymphoma, which is incurable by conventional chemotherapy in the advanced stage of disease. The anti-CD20 antibody Rituximab has shown remarkable activity in indolent lymphomas, in particular when combined with chemotherapy. Based on these results the GLSG investigated the efficacy of a combined immuno-chemotherapy (R-CHOP: Rituximab 375 mg/m2 d0-1; cyclophosphamide 750 mg/m2 d1; doxorubicine 50 mg/m2 d1; vincristine 1.4 mg/m2 d1; prednisone 100 mg/m2 d1-5) versus CHOP alone as first line treatment of LP-IC in a multicenter prospective randomized phase III trial. Of 72 patients 71 % were classified as lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma, 29 % as lymphoplasmocytoid subtype by central pathology review. The median age was 61.5 years (60 years for R-CHOP and 62 years in the CHOP arm); 24% of the patients had an IPI score &gt;2. The overall response (OR) rate was significantly improved by combining Rituximab with CHOP compared to CHOP alone with an OR of 94% (11% CR, 83% PR) for R-CHOP and an OR of 69% (3% CR, 67% PR) for CHOP (p=0.012). Furthermore, patients treated with R-CHOP showed a significantly prolonged time to treatment failure (TTF) with an estimated median TTF of 22 month in the CHOP arm, whereas the median was not reached in the immunochemotherapy arm after a maximum follow up of nearly 4 years (p=0.0057). There was no major difference of the toxicity in both treatment groups. In summary, these data indicate a beneficial effect of combined immunochemotherapy (R-CHOP) as compared to CHOP alone with regards to initial cytoreduction as well as TTF in patients with LP-IC in a prospective randomized trial, establishing R-CHOP as an highly attractive regimen for first line treatment of this distinct lymphoma subtype.
Background fluorescence reduction and absorption correction for fluorescence reflectance imaging (2014)

Intraoperative fluorescence imaging in reflectance geometry (FRI) is an attractive imaging modality as it allows to noninvasively monitor the fluorescence targeted tumors located below the tissue surface. Some drawbacks of this technique are the background fluorescence decreasing the contrast and absorption heterogeneities leading to misinterpretations concerning fluorescence concentrations. We presented a FRI technique relying on a laser line scanning instead of a uniform illumination. Here, we propose a correction technique based on this illumination scheme. We scan the medium with the laser line and acquire at each position of the line both fluorescence and excitation images. We then use the finding that there is a relationship between the excitation intensity profile and the background fluorescence one. This allows us to predict the amount of signal to subtract to the fluorescence images to get a better contrast. As the light absorption information is contained both in fluorescence and excitation images, this method also permits us to correct the effects of absorption heterogeneities, leading to a better accuracy for the detection. This technique has been validated on simulations (with a Monte-Carlo code and with the diffusion approxi- mation using NIRFAST) and experimentally with tissue-like liquid phantoms with different levels of background fluorescence. Fluorescent inclusions are observed in several configurations at depths ranging from 1 mm to 1 cm. Results obtained with this technique are compared to those obtained with a more classical wide-field detection scheme for the contrast enhancement and to the fluorescence to excitation ratio approach for the absorption correction.
Extremely stable antimony–carbon composite anodes for potassium-ion batteries (2019)

A novel Sb nanoparticle embedded 3D carbon sphere network (Sb@CSN), fabricated <italic>via</italic> a scalable electrospray-assisted strategy, delivers one of the highest K storage capacity and longest cycle life in the first-ever reported 4 M KTFSI/EC + DEC electrolyte when compared with all K-ion battery anodes reported to date.
Trends in special education eligibility among children with autism spectrum disorder, 2002-2010 (2023)

Objective: Although data on publicly available special education are informative and offer a glimpse of trends in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and use of educational services, using these data for population-based public health monitoring has drawbacks. Our objective was to evaluate trends in special education eligibility among 8-year-old children with ASD identified in the Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network. Methods: We used data from 5 Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network sites (Arizona, Colorado, Georgia, Maryland, and North Carolina) during 4 surveillance years (2002, 2006, 2008, and 2010) and compared trends in 12 categories of special education eligibility by sex and race/ethnicity. We used multivariable linear risk regressions to evaluate how the proportion of children with a given eligibility changed over time. Results: Of 6010 children with ASD, more than 36% did not receive an autism eligibility in special education in each surveillance year. From surveillance year 2002 to surveillance year 2010, autism eligibility increased by 3.6 percentage points (P =.09), and intellectual disability eligibility decreased by 4.6 percentage points (P <.001). A greater proportion of boys than girls had an autism eligibility in 2002 (56.3% vs 48.8%). Compared with other racial/ethnic groups, Hispanic children had the largest increase in proportion with autism eligibility from 2002 to 2010 (15.4%, P =.005) and the largest decrease in proportion with intellectual disability (–14.3%, P =.004). Conclusion: Although most children with ASD had autism eligibility, many received special education services under other categories, and racial/ethnic disparities persisted. To monitor trends in ASD prevalence, public health officials need access to comprehensive data collected systematically, not just special education eligibility.
Microbioreactors for Bioprocess Development (2007)

As a step toward high-throughput bioprocess development, we present design, fabrication, and characterization of polymer based microbioreactors integrated with automated sensors and actuators. The devices are realized, in increasing levels of complexity, in poly(dimethylsiloxane) and poly(methyl methacrylate) by micromachining and multilayer thermal compression bonding procedures. Online optical measurements for optical density, pH, and dissolved oxygen are integrated. Active mixing is made possible by a miniature magnetic stir bar. Plug-in-and-flow microfluidic connectors and fabricated polymer micro-optical lenses/connectors are integrated in the microbioreactors for fast set up and easy operation. Application examples demonstrate the feasibility of culturing microbial cells, specifically Escherichia coli, in 150 μL-volume bioreactors in batch, continuous, and fed-batch operations. (JALA 2007;12:143–51)