gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Studies directed toward the total synthesis of the rubradirin antibiotics. 2. Synthesis of the unique morpholinonaphthoquinone chromophore: a lesson in Diels-Alder regiocontrol by diene substituent selection (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies directed toward the total synthesis of the rubradirin antibiotics. 2. Synthesis of the unique morpholinonaphthoquinone chromophore: a lesson in Diels-Alder regiocontrol by diene substituent selectionAlan P. Kozikowski, Kiyoshi Sugiyama, and James P. SpringerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 11, 2426–2428Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00324a054https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00324a054research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views343Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
A randomized phase II efficacy and correlative studies of cetuximab with or without sorafenib in recurrent and/or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (2020)

A combination of cetuximab and sorafenib in patients with recurrent and/or metastatic (R/M) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) were assessed for potential benefit.
‘Diversity of opinion … no bar to Christian communion’ (2015)

Abstract This chapter discusses how in the second half of the nineteenth century, Nonconformist denominations began to make it easier to join their churches. They also dispensed with the strict rules of conduct which had hitherto been used to discipline and exclude members who broke their moral code. However, the Nonconformist practice retained and indeed increased its severity was with regards to alcohol. Nonconformist denominations with the highest proportion of low-paid working-class members — the Primitive Methodists, the Independent Methodists, and the Bible Christians — were the first to embrace the temperance movement and endorse total abstinence.
Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor-Compatible, High-Mobility, ⟨111⟩-Oriented GaSb Nanowires Enabled by Vapor–Solid–Solid Chemical Vapor Deposition (2017)

Using CMOS-compatible Pd catalysts, we demonstrated the formation of high-mobility ⟨111⟩-oriented GaSb nanowires (NWs) via vapor-solid-solid (VSS) growth by surfactant-assisted chemical vapor deposition through a complementary experimental and theoretical approach. In contrast to NWs formed by the conventional vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) mechanism, cylindrical-shaped Pd<sub>5</sub>Ga<sub>4</sub> catalytic seeds were present in our Pd-catalyzed VSS-NWs. As solid catalysts, stoichiometric Pd<sub>5</sub>Ga<sub>4</sub> was found to have the lowest crystal surface energy and thus giving rise to a minimal surface diffusion as well as an optimal in-plane interface orientation at the seed/NW interface for efficient epitaxial NW nucleation. These VSS characteristics led to the growth of slender NWs with diameters down to 26.9 ± 3.5 nm. Over 95% high crystalline quality NWs were grown in ⟨111⟩ orientation for a wide diameter range of between 10 and 70 nm. Back-gated field-effect transistors (FETs) fabricated using the Pd-catalyzed GaSb NWs exhibit a superior peak hole mobility of ∼330 cm<sup>2</sup> V<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>, close to the mobility limit for a NW channel diameter of ∼30 nm with a free carrier concentration of ∼10<sup>18</sup> cm<sup>-3</sup>. This suggests that the NWs have excellent homogeneity in phase purity, growth orientation, surface morphology and electrical characteristics. Contact printing process was also used to fabricate large-scale assembly of Pd-catalyzed GaSb NW parallel arrays, confirming the potential constructions and applications of these high-performance electronic devices.
Role of endogenous opioids in stress induced aberrations of cholesterol transport and disposition (1986)

Recent studies have indicated that stress induced activation of endogenous opioid systems leads to the development of gallstones and changes in hepatic cholesterol levels. Since gallstone disease and atherosclerosis have been linked etiologically, these studies were aimed at assessing the role of endogenous opioids in stress induced atherogenesis. Initial studies in mice demonstrated that chronic restraint stress or morphine administration led to increases in plasma, aortic and hepatic cholesterol levels. Pre-treatment with an opiate receptor antagonist, naltrexone (1.0 mg/kg) reversed these effects. Chronic loperamide administration had no effect on plasma or tissue cholesterol levels. In male rats, immobilization stress or morphine pellet implants (75 mg) led to naltrexone reversible elevations in circulating and aortic cholesterol levels. A second stressor, high intensity noise, raised the plasma cholesterol concentration but naltrexone did not reverse this effect. A third stressor, electric footshock, had no effect on plasma or tissue cholesterol. The latter stressors were not associated with a naltrexone reducible analgesia, while immobilization was. In female rats, plasma cholesterol levels were also elevated following immobilization or noise stress. However, the magnitude of the response tended to be smaller than that observed in male rats following immobilization and larger after noise stress. When compared to chronic (28 day) regimens, shorter treatment periods (i.e. 5 day or 2 hr) were associated with smaller elevations of plasma and aortic cholesterol following immobilization or morphine treatment. Liver cholesterol levels were not elevated after the shorter regimens, thereby, dissociating plasma cholesterol changes from hepatic cholesterol changes. Morphine and immobilization stress elevated low and very low density lipoprotein transported cholesterol and reduced high density lipoprotein cholesterol. Such changes have been positively associated with the development of coronary heart disease. These effects were reversed by naltrexone. In summary, endogenous opioid involvement in stress induced pre-atherogenic changes has been demonstrated by reversal of these effects by an opiate antagonist and duplication by morphine. These findings suggest that opiate antagonists may offer a novel prophylactic approach to the treatment of stress related heart disease.
A Novel Machine-Learning-Based Batch Selection Method in Sparse Near-Field Scanning (2022)

This article presents a novel and efficient batch data selection method based on active and unsupervised learning in real-time near-field scanning. The new approach shows a remarkable advantage over random sampling in reducing the number of scanning data samples and the total scanning time. Moreover, careful hyperparameter tuning is unnecessary, as the performance is insensitive to the hyperparameter values. After randomly selecting some initial points, three key steps are sequentially and iteratively implemented. First, the query-by-committee (QBC) method is adopted to evaluate the uncertainties of the unobserved positions using different interpolation functions and select an “uncertain” group with the largest variances. Second, the weighted K-means clustering (WKMC) method divides the “uncertain” group into multiple clusters and selects the representative samples by choosing the most uncertain point in each cluster to ensure diversity. Finally, an estimated variance change (EVC) method is proposed to select the most representative samples to enhance diversity further. The proposed approach of this article, referred to as the QWE (QBC + WKMC + EVC) method, can well balance uncertainty and diversity with high efficiency. The newly proposed QWE approach is validated in both simulations and measurements of near-field scanning. The batch data selection method of this article can be extended to other multidimensional regression modeling problems in which data acquisition is expensive.
In situ processing of TiB2, AIN/Al composites by spontaneous infiltration technique and the hardness of the composites. (1995)

Aluminum matrix composites have been fabricated with the help of an in situ reaction between titanium, boron nitride and aluminum in nitrogen or argon gas atmosphere. Microstructures of specimens have been observed to identify the size and the shape of the in situ formed particles. The spontaneous infiltration of the powder phase with molten aluminum have completed at 1473K in both nitrogen and argon atmosphere. The temperature of the specimen increases rapidly just after the infiltration due to a reaction between molten aluminum and titanium powder. The formation of TiB2 and AIN particles occured gradually subsequent to the infiltration of molten aluminum. The differential thermal analysis has revealed that titanium in liquid phase has been required to initiate the in situ reaciton. The molten aluminum infiltrated into the powder compact at a relatively high rate (3.4mm/s). The higher hardness is achieved at the bottom part of the specimen. The microscopic observation has correspondingly revealed that the higher volume fraction of TiB2 and AIN is obtained at the bottom part.
Time-resolved stimulated emission depletion in two-photon excited states (2003)

A new approach to time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy based on stimulated emission depletion (STED) of two-photon excited states is presented. Combined with time-resolved detection, STED can circumvent orientational averaging constraints and spontaneous emission selection rules inherent in all conventional techniques. Applications of STED to the study of molecular probe dynamics are presented, together with studies of STED dynamics in a new push-push two-photon chromophore.
Experimental study on nonlinear multiple-exposure method (1997)

Non-linear multiple exposure (NOLMEX) method for forming a fine line and space pattern is described. The combination of the resist with non-linear photosensitivity and multiple exposures allows us to exceed the optical cut-off frequency, which has never been realized in the field of photolithography. In this paper, a new approach for NOLMEX method utilizing an ordinary resist instead of the non- linear resist is introduced. In the experimental results, 0.19 micrometers L/S pattern was resolved with a commercial i-line stepper using ordinary illumination, which indicates the potential of NOLMEX method.
Concentrations of Boron, Molybdenum, and Selenium in Chinook Salmon (1990)

The concentrations of boron, molybdenum, and selenium in young chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha were determined in three partial life cycle chronic toxicity studies. In each study, fish were exposed to a mixture of boron, molybdenum, selenate, and selenite in the proportions found in subsurface agricultural drainage water in the basin of the San Joaquin Valley, California. Tests were conducted in well water and in site-specific fresh and brackish waters. No boron or molybdenum was detected in fish exposed to concentrations as high as 6,046 μg boron/L and 193 μg molybdenum/L for 90 d in well water or fresh water; however, whole-body concentrations of selenium increased with increasing exposure concentrations in well water and fresh water, but not in brackish water. Concentrations of selenium in chinook salmon were strongly correlated with reduced survival and growth of fish in well water and with reduced survival in a 15-d seawater challenge test of fish from fresh water. Concentrations of selenium in fish seemed to reach a steady state after 60 d of exposure in well water or fresh water. Fish in brackish water had only background concentrations of selenium after 60 d of exposure, and no effects on survival and growth in brackish water or on survival in a 10-d seawater challenge test were exhibited. This lack of effect in brackish water was attributed to initiation of the study with advanced fry, which were apparently better able to metabolize the trace element mixture than were the younger fish used in studies with well water and fresh water. In all three experimental waters, concentration factors (whole-body concentration/waterborne concentration) for selenium decreased with increasing exposure concentrations, suggesting decreased uptake or increased excretion, or both, of selenium at the higher concentrations.
Epitope- and Antigen-specific Cancer Vaccines (1991)

Anti-idiotypic antibodies (Ab2) that functionally mimic epitopes associated with human cancer cells are the most specific cancer vaccines currently available. Ab2 can induce specific humoral anti-tumor immunity in cancer patients. However, the potential of Ab2 for inducing cellular immunity in cancer patients still requires demonstration. Clonotypic antibodies directed against the combining site for tumor Ag on human T-cell clones may provide highly effective reagents for inducing protective T-cell immunity against human cancer. A new generation of cancer vaccines, molecularly cloned tumor-associated antigens (Ag), has recently been developed. Recombinant Ag have been successfully expressed in vectors allowing large scale production of Ag for immunization of cancer patients. Recombinant tumor Ag was shown to induce specific and protective immunity in experimental animals. In contrast to Ab2, which may mimic a single cancer-associated epitope, recombinant Ag express multiple epitopes that are potentially immunogenic. Ag vaccines, therefore, may be more effective in arresting tumor growth than single epitope (Ab2) vaccines because tumor destruction by antibodies is dependent on antibody density on tumor cell surfaces. In light of the important roles that both B and T cells play in the control of tumor growth, the demonstration of induction of specific B and T cell-immunity by recombinant tumor Ag and Ab2 in experimental animals is encouraging. Ultimately, the immunomodulatory role of both types of vaccines has to be compared in cancer patients who are immunologically tolerant to many Ag/epitopes expressed by their growing tumors. The development of both Ab2 and recombinant Ag for single antigenic systems provides the first step towards this goal.
New Duality Relations for Classical Ground States (2008)

We derive new duality relations that link the energy of configurations associated with a class of soft pair potentials to the corresponding energy of the dual (Fourier-transformed) potential. We apply them by showing how information about the classical ground states of short-ranged potentials can be used to draw new conclusions about the nature of the ground states of long-ranged potentials and vice versa. They also lead to bounds on the T=0 system energies in density intervals of phase coexistence, the identification of a one-dimensional system that exhibits an infinite number of "phase transitions," and a conjecture regarding the ground states of purely repulsive monotonic potentials.
Measurement ofE0transitions in neutron-rich nuclei nearA=100 (1987)

Conversion electrons have been measured for E0 transitions between the first excited ${0}^{+}$ states and the ground states of $^{100}\mathrm{Mo}$, $^{102}\mathrm{Mo}$, $^{106}\mathrm{Ru}$, $^{108}\mathrm{Pd}$, $^{110}\mathrm{Pd}$, and $^{112}\mathrm{Pd}$. The ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{21}^{2}$ and ${X}_{\mathrm{ijk}}$ values are calculated from the measured E0/E2 branching ratios and level lifetimes that were either measured in this experiment or obtained from the literature. The results are discussed briefly in terms of neutron-proton interacting boson model mixed-configuration calculations and intruder states.
Insulin Resistance and Diseases in the Elderly (1997)

Glucose tolerance is reported to be impaired in the elderly, and this is said to be mainly due to a decrease in insulin sensitivity (insulin resistance). Insulin resistance is known to be associated with atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. To clarify whether or not age-dependent changes in glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity are risk factors for coronary artery disease, as they are in the case of the insulin resistance syndrome, we studied age-dependent changes in glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, blood pressure, and serum lipids in a large number of subjects who underwent annual health check-ups, and then studied the relationships between coronary artery disease and aging, insulin sensitivity, and other risk factors in subjects who underwent coronary angiography. Aging was associated with an increased prevalence of noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance; even in subjects with normal glucose tolerance, plasma glucose levels during an oral glucose tolerance test were significantly higher in the elderly. Insulin sensitivity, as assessed by the ratio of the sum of the plasma glucose divided by the sum of the serum insulin during the test (sigma PG/sigma IRI), was significantly lower in subjects over 60 years old than in younger subjects. Age-dependent impairment of insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance was associated with increased blood pressure and serum cholesterol levels, but not with changes in boy mass index or serum triglyceride levels. As an independent variable, aging, but not insulin sensitivity, was related to the severity of coronary artery disease. These data suggest that aging is associated with glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and an increased risk of coronary artery disease, but that the effect of aging on coronary artery disease cannot be explained by insulin resistance alone. Other factors, such as glucose intolerance and increased blood pressure, in addition to insulin resistance, appear to be responsible of the increased risk for coronary artery disease in the elderly.
Our Time: A Call to Save Preventable Death From Cardiovascular Disease (Heart Disease and Stroke) (2012)

Global Heart is the official and primary publication of the World Heart Federation, offering a platform for the dissemination of knowledge on research, developments, trends, solutions and public health programmes in the area of cardiovascular disease. Global Heart welcomes research results, points of view and educational material on the prevention, treatment and control of cardiovascular disease with a special focus on low and middle-income countries which are facing the brunt of epidemiological transition.Global Heart strongly encourages authors to adhere to CONSORT, STROBE, STARD, and PRISMA guidelines for reporting of clinical trials, observational studies, diagnostic test accuracy papers, and systematic reviews or meta-analyses. Authors are required for submission to download and complete the appropriate Equator Network checklist: http://www.equator-network.org/.
Single‐Stimulus‐Induced Modulation of Multiple Optical Properties (2019)

Abstract Stimuli‐responsive smart optical materials hold great promise for applications in active optics, display, sensing, energy conversion, military camouflage, and artificial intelligence. However, their applications are greatly restricted by the difficulty of tuning different optical properties within the same material, especially by a single stimulus. Here, magnetic modulations of multiple optical properties are demonstrated in a crystalline colloidal array (CCA) of magnetic nanorods. Small‐angle X‐ray scattering studies reveal that these nanorods form an unusual monoclinic crystal in concentrated suspensions. The CCA exhibits optical anisotropy in the form of a photonic bandgap and birefringence, thus enabling magnetic tuning of the structural color and transmittance at a rate of 50 Hz. As a proof‐of‐concept, it is further demonstrated that the fabrication of a multifunctional device for display, anticounterfeiting, and smart‐window applications based on this multiple magneto‐optical effect. The study not only provides a new model system for understanding colloidal assembly, but also opens up opportunities for new applications of smart optical materials for various purposes.
Regional economic policies: An alternative to French economic dirigisme? (1994)

(1994). Regional economic policies: An alternative to French economic dirigisme? Regional Politics and Policy: Vol. 4, The End of the French Unitary State?: Ten Years of Regionalization in France (1982-1992), pp. 72-91.
Gravitational waves at their own gravitational speed (2018)

Gravitational waves propagate at the speed of light in general relativity, because of their special relativistic basis. However, light propagation is linked to the electromagnetic phenomena, with the permittivity and permeability constants as the determining factors. Is there a deeper reason why waves in a geometric theory of gravity propagate at a speed determined by electromagnetic constants? What is the relation between gravity’s own constants and the speed of gravitational waves? Our attempt to answer these fundamental questions takes us far and deep into the universe.
Spectra of protoberberines (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSpectra of protoberberinesMaurice Shamma, M. J. Hillman, and Charles David JonesCite this: Chem. Rev. 1969, 69, 6, 779–784Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr60262a002https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60262a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views222Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for the production of cinnamaldehyde (2016)

As a potential natural pesticide, cinnamaldehyde was successfully produced in E. coli by construction of the biosynthesis pathway and, its production titer was also significantly increased by engineering the metabolic pathway of L-phenylalanine.
Succinic acid from xylan : fermentations using mixed sugar feedstocks (2008)

The next generation of cost effective, economically viable biorefinery scenarios requires the development and deployment of higher valued added products whose production can be integrated into a fo ...