gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Method for Generating a Well-Distributed Pareto Set in Nonlinear Multiobjective Optimization (2005)

In multidisciplinary optimization the designer needs to find solution to optimization problems which include a number of usually contradicting criteria. Such a problem is mathematically related to the field of nonlinear vector optimization where there are many numerical methods capable of providing a solution. However, only a few of those are suitable for real multidisciplinary design in industry because an iteration design circle usually is very time-consuming. This is due to the time scales and computational resources associated with each iterative design cycle. The recently suggested Physical Programming Method appears to match many requirements raised in industrial applications. The method is modified to make its realization easier and more efficient, the main focus being the even generation of the complete Pareto set. The method is used to find the Pareto surface for different test cases.
Photoelectrochemical cells based on amorphous hydrogenated silicon thin film electrodes and the behavior of photoconductor electrode materials (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotoelectrochemical cells based on amorphous hydrogenated silicon thin film electrodes and the behavior of photoconductor electrode materialsGary S. Calabrese, Mou Shiung Lin, Joseph Dresner, and Mark S. WrightonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 9, 2412–2417Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00373a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00373a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views181Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
High-power optical microswitch fabricated by deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) (2003)

Development of a high power optical micro switch fabricated by deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) in silicon on insulator (SOI) substrates is presented. The devices discussed are a key component in a MEMS-based, Naval safety and arming (S&A) system for use in underwater weapons. Two different optical switching techniques are investigated: moving reflector type and moving fiber type. In each technique, a single pair of multimode optical fibers is used to transmit optical power on the order of 1 W at a working wavelength of 810 nm. For the moving reflector type device, an etched vertical sidewall reflector is electrostatically actuated in and out of the optical path between input and output fibers. For the moving fiber type device, v-beam thermal actuators are used to push cantilevered input and output optical fibers in and out of direct alignment with each other. Fabrication is performed on 100 &#956;m thick silicon substrates with fiber alignment channels, reflectors, and actuators being fabricated at the same time with a single etch step. Device concept, modeling, and initial characterization results will be presented.
Joint source/channel coding for multicast packet video (2002)

Current schemes for multicast packet video cope with congestion by adapting the transmission rate of a variable rate codec at the source. We propose a new approach, based on receiver- rather than source-adaptation, where a video source is encoded hierarchically with each layer of hierarchy distributed on a separate network channel. Each receiver can then dynamically adapt to local network capacity by adjusting the number of layers it receives. In order to deploy such a system, we must at the same time develop a layered codec tailored for this model. We present a prototype coder that has been designed specifically for our receiver-based congestion avoidance scheme. In order to evaluate the efficacy of our approach, we have implemented it in an existing Internet remote conferencing application and constrained the complexity of our design to run in real-time on standard workstations. Even with this constraint, our codec can generate a flexible range of layers while exhibiting reasonable compression performance.
Energy-Conscious Warm-Up of Li-Ion Cells From Subzero Temperatures (2016)

Lithium (Li)-ion battery cells suffer from significant performance degradation at subzero temperatures. This paper presents a predictive control-based technique that exploits the increased internal resistance of Li-ion cells at subzero temperatures to increase the cell's temperature until the desired power can be delivered. Specifically, the magnitude of a sequence of bidirectional currents is optimized such as to minimize total energy discharged. The magnitude of current is determined by solving an optimization problem that satisfies the battery manufacturer's voltage and current constraints. Drawing bidirectional currents necessitates that a temporary energy reservoir for energy shuttling, such as an ultracapacitor or another battery, be available. When compared with the case when no penalty on energy withdrawn is imposed, simulations indicate that reductions of up to 20% in energy dispensed as heat in the battery as well as in the size of external storage elements can be achieved at the expense of longer warm-up operation time.
Detection of hepatic metastases with MR imaging: spin-echo vs phase-contrast pulse sequences at 0.6 T (1989)

The purpose of this study was to compare the sensitivity of T1-weighted and T2-weighted spin-echo (SE) pulse sequences with T2-weighted phase-contrast (PC) imaging techniques for the detection of hepatic metastases. Pulse-sequences performance was evaluated in 52 consecutive patients with 88 hepatic metastases who underwent MR imaging at 0.6 T. Lesion-liver contrast-to-noise ratios (CNR) on SE 260/14 (-12.4 +/- 6.7) and PC 2350/60 (+10.8 +/- 4.2) images were significantly (p less than .05) greater than on SE 2350/60 (+ 7.8 +/- 3.9), SE 2350/120 (+8.1 +/- 4.8), SE 2350/180 (+7.9 +/- 4.5), and PC 2350/30 (+4.6 +/- 2.9) images. Sensitivity for detection of 88 individual metastases was comparable on SE 260/14 (78 of 88 patients) and PC 2350/60 (81 of 88 patients) images and was significantly (p less than .05) greater than on in-phase T2-weighted SE images (TE = 60, 70 of 88 patients; TE = 120, 69 of 88 patients; TE = 180, 65 of 88 patients). Histologic analysis of tumor-free liver showed fatty change in 11 of 13 specimens available for pathologic evaluation. In all 11 of those patients, PC images increased tumor-liver contrast in comparison with the in-phase SE images. This analysis suggests that for detection of hepatic metastases at midfield strengths, the T1-weighted, short TR/short TE (SE 260/14) and the T2-weighted, phase-contrast (PC 2350/60) pulse sequences offer comparable performance.
Carrier Frequency Offset Mitigation in a Proposed MIMO OFDM System (2007)

Carrier frequency offset (CFO) effects on the packet error rate performance of a proposed IEEE 802.11 n WLAN standard are investigated. With the maximum CFO (40 ppm) requirement specified by the standard, simulation results show that performance degradation is limited to within 1.5 dB for various TGn channels, modulation and coding schemes, transmit antenna excitation schemes and OFDM MIMO transceiver configurations. Comparisons between IEEE 802.11 a/g and a proposed IEEE 802.11 n WLAN standard on the coarse and fine CFO estimation errors are shown. The residual CFO effects on channel estimation error and packet error rate are also made.
Improved superplasticisers for high performance concrete: the SUPERPLAST project (2007)

Reference LTP-CONF-2006-003 URL: http://www.iccc2007.org/ Record created on 2006-09-19, modified on 2017-05-10
A 0.75V 0.016mm2 12ENOB 7nm CMOS cyclic ADC with 1.5bit passive amplification stage and dynamic capacitance scaling (2023)

A tiny but high-resolution cyclic ADC is presented with 7nm CMOS process. The 1.5bit/stage cyclic ADC performs fully differential sampling and passive residue amplification for small size and power. Proposed dynamic capacitance scaling overcomes limited power efficiency and input bandwidth of traditional cyclic ADCs. A time-assisted comparator makes ternary decision with minimal overhead. Measurement results of the 7nm CMOS prototype proved 4MS/s conversion rate and 74.0dB SNDR with 0.016mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and 0.86mW under 0.75V supply. This ADC advances the state of the art in design of high-resolution FinFET ADCs and cyclic ADCs.
Monte Carlo simulation of small OpenPET prototype with11C beam irradiation: effects of secondary particles on in-beam imaging (2014)

In-beam positron emission tomography (PET) can enable visualization of an irradiated field using positron emitters (β+ decay). In particle therapies, many kinds of secondary particles are produced by nuclear interactions, which affect PET imaging. Our purpose in this work was to evaluate effects of secondary particles on in-beam PET imaging using the Monte Carlo simulation code, Geant4, by reproducing an experiment with a small OpenPET prototype in which a PMMA phantom was irradiated by a (11)C beam. The number of incident particles to the detectors and their spectra, background coincidence for the PET scan, and reconstructed images were evaluated for three periods, spill-time (beam irradiation), pause-time (accelerating the particles) and beam-off time (duration after the final spill). For spill-time, we tested a background reduction technique in which coincidence events correlated with the accelerator radiofrequency were discarded (RF gated) that has been proposed in the literature. Also, background generation processes were identified. For spill-time, most background coincidences were caused by prompt gamma rays, and only 1.4% of the total coincidences generated β+ signals. Differently, for pause-time and beam-off time, more than 75% of the total coincidence events were signals. Using these coincidence events, we failed to reconstruct images during the spill-time, but we obtained successful reconstructions for the pause-time and beam-off time, which was consistent with the experimental results. From the simulation, we found that the absence of materials in the beam line and using the RF gated technique improved the signal-to-noise ratio for the spill-time. From an additional simulation with range shifter-less irradiation and the RF gated technique, we showed the feasibility of image reconstruction during the spill-time.
The distributed Bragg pulse shaper: demonstration and model (1999)

The distributed Bragg pulse shaper (DBPS) is a series of electrically switchable Bragg mirrors on a semiconductor waveguide. The DBPS encodes data packets using parallel electrical signals to set the states of the Bragg mirrors. A broad-band source pulse then probes the device to generate a high bandwidth serial wavepacket from the train of partially reflecting mirrors. This paper describes a DBPS constructed in AlGaAs. Using this device and a mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser, we create a 4-bit packet with 0.37 Tb/s burst bit rate and are demonstrate for the first time that bits in the wavepacket can be switched by electrical modulation of individual Bragg segments. We also describe a model collaborating the observed data.
(Invited) Computational Insights to Dielectric Hybrid Glasses Under Nanoscale Confinement for Next Generation Devices (2022)

Low and Ultra-k dielectric organosilicate glasses (OSG) are widely used in device interconnect applications such as shallow trench isolation as insulating units. However, the process of gap filling between conducting units has been challenging. One of the challenges is related to the undesired formation of nanovoids in the low-k dielectric material confined inside the trench geometry. Importantly, the effects of such nanoscale device constraints on the structure and mechanical reliability of low-k dielectric hybrid materials are not very well understood. To close this lack of understanding and guide the related experimental efforts we performed molecular dynamics simulations where we explore the role of the molecular structure and connectivity of different low-k dielectric OSG precursors under nanoscale confinement, and predict the resulting elastic and fracture properties. We demonstrated that hyperconnected OSG precursors with aromatic rings, such as the 1,3,5-benzene molecule, pack more homogenously under confinement leading to smaller nanovoids and better mechanical reliability compared to conventionally bridged OSG precursors, such as the ethylene bridged Et-OCS molecule.
Suppression and Enhancement of the Rabbit Primary in Vitro Antibody Response with Anti-Allotype Antibody: Concurrent Effects on Thymidine Incorporation, Blastogenesis, and Cell Surface Ig (1979)

Abstract We have adapted an in vitro culture system to study the dose-dependent effects of purified anti-light chain allotype (b4 or b5) antibody on the primary Ab response of rabbit spleen cells to sheep erythrocytes. At high doses, anti-b4 or anti-b5 Ab suppressed the anti-SRBC response and the expression of cell surface immunoglobulins while stimulating blastogenesis and thymidine incorporation. At low doses, anti-allotype Ab markedly enhanced the immune response and, to a lesser extent, thymidine incorporation and blastogenesis. The mitogenic effect of anti-allotype Ab was observed in the absence of antigen only at the higher doses. When tested on heterozygous b4b5 SpC, the high and low doses of Ab selectively modulated the immune response with respect to cells bearing the target allotype. In vivo induced allotype suppression could not be reversed by culturing SpC with high or low doses of purified anti-allotype Ab directed against the expressed allotype. Our data support the concept that anti-Ig Ab reacts directly with B cell surface Ig to trigger a mitogenic response. This trigger, however, is not sufficient to induce differentiation to anti-SRBC secreting cells in the absence of the antigen.
A Differentiated Service Two-Rate, Three-Color Marker with Efficient Handling of in-Profile Traffic (2005)

This document describes a two-rate, three-color marker that has been
in use for data services including Frame Relay services. This marker
can be used for metering per-flow traffic in the emerging IP and L2
VPN services. The marker defined here is different from previously
defined markers in the handling of the in-profile traffic.
Furthermore, this marker doesn't impose peak-rate shaping
requirements on customer edge (CE) devices. This memo provides
information for the Internet community.
A Non-interventional Clinical Trial Assessing Immune Responses After Radiofrequency Ablation of Liver Metastases From Colorectal Cancer (2019)

<b>Background:</b> Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is an established treatment option for malignancies located in the liver. RFA-induced irreversible coagulation necrosis leads to the release of danger signals and cellular content. Hence, RFA may constitute an endogenous <i>in situ</i> tumor vaccination, stimulating innate and adaptive immune responses, including tumor-antigen specific T cells. This may explain a phenomenon termed abscopal effect, namely tumor regression in untreated lesions evidenced after distant thermal ablation or irradiation. In this study, we therefore assessed systemic and local immune responses in individual patients treated with RFA. <b>Methods:</b> For this prospective clinical trial, patients with liver metastasis from colorectal carcinoma (mCRC) receiving RFA and undergoing metachronous liver surgery for another lesion were recruited (<i>n</i> = 9) during a 5-year period. Tumor and non-malignant liver tissue samples from six patients were investigated by whole transcriptome sequencing and tandem-mass spectrometry, characterizing naturally presented HLA ligands. Tumor antigen-derived HLA-restricted peptides were selected by different predefined approaches. Further, candidate HLA ligands were manually curated. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated <i>in vitro</i> with epitope candidate peptides, and functional T cell responses were assessed by intracellular cytokine staining. Immunohistochemical markers were additionally investigated in surgically resected mCRC from patients treated with (<i>n</i> = 9) or without RFA (<i>n</i> = 7). <b>Results:</b> In all six investigated patients, either induced immune responses and/or pre-existing T cell immunity against the selected targets were observed. Multi-cytokine responses were <i>inter alia</i> directed against known tumor antigens such as cyclin D1 but also against a (predicted) mutation contained in ERBB3. Immunohistochemistry did not show a relevant influx of immune cells into distant malignant lesions after RFA treatment (<i>n</i> = 9) as compared to the surgery only mCRC group (<i>n</i> = 7). <b>Conclusions:</b> Using an individualized approach for target selection, RFA induced and/or boosted T cell responses specific for individual tumor antigens were more frequently detectable as compared to previously published observations with well-characterized tumor antigens. However, the witnessed modest RFA-induced immunological effects alone may not be sufficient for the rejection of established tumors. Therefore, these findings warrant further clinical investigation including the assessment of RFA combination therapies e.g., with immune stimulatory agents, cancer vaccination, and/or immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Protein Interaction–Targeted Drug Discovery (2004)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction PPIs: classes, functional relationships and regulation Protein interactions in disease-related signalling: categories of disruption Selecting targets and screens Progress in cancer treatment Summary References
Quantitative imaging of myocardium elasticity using supersonic shear imaging (2009)

The concept of shear wave elastography is applied to the heart. The goal of this study is to demonstrate the potential of this technique for quantifying the elasticity time variation of the myocardium. Experiments are performed in vivo on N=10 sheep with a linear high frequency probe placed directly on the myocardium. The feasibility of generating and imaging the propagation of shear wave in the beating heart and estimating locally the myocardium elasticity at each stage of a single heart cycle is investigated by repeating acquisition of shear wave propagation between 10 and 20 times per second. The dependence of estimated shear modulus with probe angle (short axis to long axis), depth and left ventricle pressure is studied in vivo and ex vivo. The short term effect of a local ischemia is also studied by coronary arteries ligature, showing the sensitivity of the technique to a local loss of contractility in the myocardium. Finally, this study shows the potential of shear wave elastography as a quantification tool of myocardium mechanical properties.
Fiber Fabry–Perot interferometers with very low polarization sensitivity (1994)

The sensitivity to input polarization in long-cavity (1 cm to 5 m) and high-finesse (~ 100) fiber Fabry-Perot interferometers (FFPI's) is reduced from greater than 20 dB to between 0.2 and 0.6 dB in passband amplitude variation by the use of very-low-birefringence fibers. Furthermore the scanning FFPI's could allow very-high-resolution measurement of polarization-mode dispersion in short-length low-birefringence fibers.
Comparison of transient performance in the control of soft tissue grasping (2007)

In robot-assisted surgery, surgical tools interact with tissues that have nonlinear mechanical properties. For situations where a pre-specified trajectory of tool positions (or applied forces) is desired, there are many controller designs that might be used. Four candidates are comparatively evaluated here, via computer simulation involving a nonlinear model of soft tissue behavior during grasping actions. The parameters for this model were obtained experimentally (in earlier work). The four candidate controllers are: (1) a well- tuned PID controller; (2) feedback linearization in combination with deadbeat control; (3) an optimal open-loop control law obtained via minimization of a quadratic cost function; and (4) a model predictive controller. Simulation trials are used to compare the transient performance of these candidate controllers under different assumptions regarding input and output noises. The conditions where each of the candidates is best are characterized.
Response Variability and Timing Precision of Neuronal Spike Trains In Vivo (1997)

Reich, Daniel S., Jonathan D. Victor, Bruce W. Knight, Tsuyoshi Ozaki, and Ehud Kaplan. Response variability and timing precision of neuronal spike trains in vivo. J. Neurophysiol. 77: 2836–2841, 1977. We report that neuronal spike trains can exhibit high, stimulus-dependent temporal precision even while the trial-to-trial response variability, measured in several traditional ways, remains substantially independent of the stimulus. We show that retinal ganglion cells and neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of cats in vivo display both these aspects of firing behavior, which have previously been reported to be contradictory. We develop a simple model that treats neurons as “leaky” integrate-and-fire devices and show that it, too, can exhibit both behaviors. We consider the implications of our findings for the problem of neural coding.
Mutated Genes in Juvenile and Variant Late Infantile Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses Encode Lysosomal Proteins (2002)

Positional cloning efforts of genes mutated in Batten disease and in the Finnish type of variant late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis resulted in the identification of two novel genes, CLN3 and CLN5, and corresponding gene products that proved to be residents of lysosomes. Although the clinical phenotype of these NCL subtypes differs in the age of onset, average life span and EEG findings, the major component of material accumulating in patients' lysosomes is subunit c of mitochondrial ATPase in both these diseases. The CLN3 and CLN5 genes show ubiquitous expression patterns and are targeted to lysosomes in vitro, but the observed synaptosomal localization of the CLN3 protein in neurons would suggest some cell specificity in targeting and function of these proteins. So far, 31 different mutations of the CLN3 gene have been described in Batten patients, with one deletion of 1.02 kb accounting for 75% of disease alleles worldwide. Four CLN5 mutations are known, with one premature stop representing the major founder mutation in the isolated Finnish population. Functional studies of the yeast homolog of CLN3 and increased pH in patients' lysosomes would suggest an involvement of this protein in lysosomal pH homeostasis. Knock-out mouse models for CLN3 have been produced and the histopathology bears a close resemblance to human counterparts with characteristic lysosomal accumulations. Both CLN3 and CLN5 mouse models will provide experimental tools to resolve the pathological cascade in these neurodegenerative diseases.