gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Covariations of cerebral blood volume and single neurons discharge during resting state and behavioral visual cognitive tasks in non-human primates (2022)

ABSTRACT To better understand how the brain allows primates to perform various set of tasks, the ability to simultaneously record the activity of the brain at multiple temporal and spatial scales is challenging but necessary. In non-human primates, combined fMRI and electrophysiological recordings have not disentangle the contributions of spiking activity to the neurovascular response. Here, we combined functional ultrasound imaging (fUS) of cerebral blood volume (CBV) and recording of single-unit activities (SUA) in visual and fronto-medial cortices of behaving macaques. We computed task-induced and SUA-induced CBV activation maps. We demonstrate that SUA provides a significant estimate of the neurovascular response below the typical fMRI voxel spatial resolution of 2mm 3 . Furthermore, our results also show that single unit and CBV activities are statistically uncorrelated during the resting states but correlate during behaving tasks. Conversely, during the resting states, CBV activities across known connected brain areas are correlated but decorrelate at the onset of the tasks as expected if participating in the default mode network (DMN). These results have important implications for interpreting functional imaging findings collected with fMRI or fUS while one constructs inferences of spiking activities during resting-state or while primates perform tasks.
Probing the Hydrogen Enhanced Near-Field Emission of ITO without a Vacuum-Gap (2017)

Thermal fluctuations of charged particles, fluctuations akin to Brownian motion, can excite optical surface-states leading to the concept of the thermal near-field, which is a highly localized, and, therefore, evanescent optical density of states that exist at distances much less than the thermal emission wavelength. By tunneling the surface charge emitted photons into nearby waveguides, the thermally excitable near-field optical density of states can be enhanced, engineered, and efficiently extracted to the far-field for observation. With this technique, the plasmonic thermal near-field of a 10nm thick ITO film, known to have plasmonic activity in the 1500nm wavelength region, was probed under external illumination and by thermal excitation at 873K. The results confirm that waveguides provide a large density of optical channels with spatial overlap and k-vector matching to facilitate plasmon de-excitation in the near-field through photon tunneling for extraction into the far-field. Furthermore, it is shown that the thermal near-field can be observed without the introduction of a vacuum-gap, a feature unique to this particular method.
On the Retrieval of Wikipedia Articles Containing Claims on Controversial Topics (2016)

This work presents a novel claim-oriented document retrieval task. For a given controversial topic, relevant articles containing claims that support or contest the topic are retrieved from a Wikipedia corpus. For that, a two-step retrieval approach is proposed. At the first step, an initial pool of articles that are relevant to the topic are retrieved using state-of-the-art retrieval methods. At the second step, articles in the initial pool are re-ranked according to their potential to contain as many relevant claims as possible using several claim discovery features. Hence, the second step aims at maximizing the overall claim recall of the retrieval system. Using a recently published claims benchmark, the proposed retrieval approach is demonstrated to provide more relevant claims compared to several other retrieval alternatives.
The different etiology of fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) inKorea and prognostic factors in patients undergoing liver transplantation forFHF (2012)

The etiologies of FHF in Korea were different compared with Western reports. The requirement of renal replacement treatment and hepatic encephalopathy grade IV were identified as independent poor prognostic factors after LT for FHF in this study.
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor impairs CD8+ T cell functionality by interfering with central activation elements (2016)

Besides mobilizing stem cells into the periphery, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) has been shown to influence various types of innate and adaptive immune cells. For example, it impairs the effector function of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). It is assumed that this effect is mediated indirectly by monocytes, regulatory T cells and immunomodulatory cytokines influenced by G-CSF. In this study, isolated G-CSF-treated CD8(+) T cells were stimulated antigen-dependently with peptide-major histocompatibility complex (pMHC)-coupled artificial antigen-presenting cells (aAPCs) or stimulated antigen-independently with anti-CD3/CD28 stimulator beads. By measuring the changes in interferon (IFN)-γ and granzyme B expression at the mRNA and protein level, we showed for the first time that G-CSF has a direct effect on CD8(+) CTLs, which was confirmed based on the reduced production of IFN-γ and granzyme B by the cytotoxic T cell line TALL-104 after G-CSF treatment. By investigating further elements affected by G-CSF in CTLs from stem cell donors and untreated controls, we found a decreased phosphorylation of extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase (Lck) and CD3ζ after G-CSF treatment. Additionally, miRNA-155 and activation marker expression levels were reduced. In summary, our results show that G-CSF directly influences the effector function of cytotoxic CD8(+) T cells and affects various elements of T cell activation.
Long-Term Efficacy of Two Cricket and Two Liver Diets for Rearing Laboratory Fire Ant Colonies (Hymenoptera: Formicidae:Solenopsis invicta) (2015)

Porter, Sanford D., Valles, Steven M., Gavilanez-Slone, Jenny M. (2015): Long-term efficacy of two cricket and two liver diets for rearing laboratory fire ant colonies (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Solenopsis invicta). Florida Entomologist 98 (3): 991-993, DOI: 10.1653/024.098.0334, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1653/024.098.0334
Mixed-Valence Metal Oxide Nanoparticles as Electrochemical Half-Cells: Substituting the Ag/AgCl of Reference Electrodes by CeO2–x Nanoparticles (2012)

Cations of mixed valence at surfaces of metal oxide nanoparticles constitute electrochemical half-cells, with potentials intermediate between those of the dissolved cations and those in the solid. When only cations at surfaces of the particles are electrochemically active, the ratio of electrochemically active/all cations is ~0.1 for 15 nm diameter CeO(2-x) particles. CeO(2-x) nanoparticle-loaded hydrogel films on printed carbon and on sputtered gold constitute reference electrodes having a redox potential similar to that of Ag/AgCl in physiological (0.14 M) saline solutions. In vitro the characteristics of potentially subcutaneously implantable glucose monitoring sensors made with CeO(2-x) nanoparticle reference electrodes are undistinguishable from those of sensors made with Ag/AgCl reference electrodes. Cerium is 900 times more abundant than silver, and commercially produced CeO(2-x) nanoparticle solutions are available at prices well below those of the Ag/AgCl pastes used in the annual manufacture of ~10(9) reference electrodes of glucose monitoring strips for diabetes management.
Normal Tissue Depresses While Tumor Tissue Enhances Human T Cell Responses In Vivo to a Novel Self/Tumor Melanoma Antigen, OA1 (2003)

Antitumor T cells often recognize targets that are nonmutated "self" tissue differentiation Ags, but the relative impact of Ag expression by normal and transformed tissue for a human self/tumor Ag has not been studied. To examine the influence of self-tolerance mechanisms on the function of self/tumor-specific T cell responses in humans, we sought to identify an Ag that was expressed, processed, and presented in an MHC-restricted fashion by tumor cells, but for which there was the human equivalent of a "knockout." In this study, we report the first immunological characterization of a melanoma/melanocyte differentiation Ag, called OA1, which meets these criteria. This Ag, an X chromosome-encoded melanoma/melanocyte differentiation Ag, was completely deleted in a male patient. Using a newly identified HLA-A*2402-restricted epitope (LYSACFWWL) to study T cell tolerance, we found that OA1-specific T cell reactivity was more than five SD higher in the knockout patient that in normal controls. These data provide compelling evidence for T cell tolerance to OA1 in humans. Most surprisingly, we found elevated levels of OA1-specific T cells in patients with metastatic malignant melanoma, indicating that the tumor-bearing state partially reversed tolerance observed in normal (non-"knockout") individuals. Taken together, these findings indicated that tolerance can exist for self/tumor Ags in humans, and that this tolerance could be partially abrogated by the growth of the tumor, increasing the reactivity of tumor Ag-specific T cells. Thus, the tumor-bearing state reverses, in part, the tolerance of T cells that results from the normal expression of tissue differentiation Ags.
Blue-Violet Electroluminescence from a Highly Fluorescent Purine (2010)

A blue-violet organic light-emitting device has been prepared that features a highly fluorescent donor−acceptor purine as the light emitter. The device has a maximum external quantum efficiency of 3.1% with electroluminescence peaked at 430 nm.
Directional initial access for millimeter wave cellular systems (2016)

Communication in millimeter (mmWave) bands seems an evermore promising prospect for new generation cellular systems. However, due to high isotropic pathloss at these frequencies the use of directional antennas becomes mandatory. Directivity complicates many system design issues that are trivial in current cellular implementations. One such issue is initial access, i.e., the establishment of a link-layer connection between a UE and a base station. Based on different combinations of beamforming architectures and transmission modes, we present a series of design options for initial access in mmWave and compare them in terms of delay performance. We show that the use of digital beamforming for initial access will expedite the whole process significantly. Also, we argue that low quantization digital beamforming can more than compensate for high power consumption.
Supplementary table s5 from Predicting the Grade of Dysplasia of Pancreatic Cystic Neoplasms Using Cyst Fluid DNA Methylation Markers (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table S5. Comparison of Methylated marker levels between IPMN and MCN cyst type classification with matched histologic grade.&lt;/p&gt;
Introduction to DAC Technique. II. Diamond Crystal for DACs. (1999)

Characteristics of various types of diamonds are summarized and selection of a diamond for a diamond anvil cell (DAC) is discussed. A diamond crystal with little internal strain and few crystal defects must be selected for generating ultra high pressure. The selection of a diamond is also based on other factors, such as a need for transparency in ultraviolet or infrared for optical studies or a need for low luminescence for Raman studies. Synthetic type II a diamond is most appropriate for diamond anvils, because it has a high crystalline quality, high transparency and low luminescence.
Table S3 from Impact of Prior Treatment on the Efficacy of Adoptive Transfer of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Patients with Metastatic Melanoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Table S3 describes treatment-related adverse events&lt;/p&gt;
Linear programming bounds for doubly-even self-dual codes (1997)

Using a variant of the linear programming method we derive a new upper bound on the minimum distance d of doubly-even self-dual codes of length n. Asymptotically, for n growing, it gives d/n/spl les/0.166315/spl middot//spl middot//spl middot/+o(1), thus improving on the Mallows-Odlyzko-Sloane bound of 1/6. To establish this, we prove that in any doubly even-self-dual code the distance distribution is asymptotically upper-bounded by the corresponding normalized binomial distribution in a certain interval.
Melanization is an important antifungal defense mechanism in Galleria mellonella hosts (2022)

Summary A key component of insect immunity is melanin encapsulation of microbes. Melanization is also a part of an immune process known as nodulation, which occurs when insect hemocytes surround microbes and produce melanin. Insect nodules are analogous to mammalian immune granulomas. Melanin is believed to kill microbes through the production of toxic intermediates and oxidative damage. However, it is unclear to what extent immune melanin is directly fungicidal during infections of insect hosts. We reported previously that C. neoformans cells are encapsulated with host-derived melanin within hemocyte nodules. Here we report an association between melanin-based immune responses by Galleria mellonella wax moth larvae and fungal cell death of C. neoformans during infection. To monitor melanization in situ , we applied a tissue-clearing technique to G. mellonella larvae, revealing that nodulation occurs throughout the organism. Further, we developed a protocol for time-lapse microscopy of extracted hemolymph following exposure to fungal cells, which allowed us to visualize and quantify the kinetics of the melanin-based immune response. Using this technique, we found evidence that cryptococcal melanins and laccase enhance immune melanization in hemolymph. We used these techniques to also study the fungal pathogen Candida albicans infections of G. mellonella . We find that the yeast form of C. albicans was the primary targets of host melanization, while filamentous structures were melanin-evasive. Approximately 23% of melanin-encapsulated C. albicans yeast survive and break through the encapsulation. Overall, our results provide direct evidence that the melanization reaction functions as a direct antifungal mechanism in insect hosts.
AßT Amyloidogenesis: Unique, or Variation on a Systemic Theme (1997)

For more than a century amyloid was considered to be an interesting, unique, but inconsequential pathologic entity that rarely caused significant clinical problems. We now recognize that amyloid is not one entity. In vivo it is a uniform organization of a disease, or process, specific protein co-deposited with a set of common structural components. Amyloid has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diseases affecting millions of patients. These range from Alzheimer's disease, adult-onset diabetes, consequences of prolonged renal dialysis, to the historically recognized systemic forms associated with inflammation and plasma cell disturbances. Strong evidence is emerging that even when deposited in local organ sites significant physiologic effects may ensue. With emphasis on A beta amyloid, we review the present definition, classification, and general in vivo pathogenetic events believed to be involved in the deposition of amyloids. This encompasses the need for an adequate amyloid precursor protein pool, whether precursor proteolysis is required prior to deposition, amyloidogenic amino acid sequences, fibrillogenic nucleating particles, and an in vivo microenvironment conducive to fibrillogenesis. The latter includes several components that seem to be part of all amyloids. The role these common components may play in amyloid accumulation, why amyloids tend to be associated with basement membranes, and how one may use these findings for anti-amyloid therapeutic strategies is also examined.
A unified approach to modeling multichannel ARMA processes (2003)

Using a compact Kronecker-product-based representation for the cumulants of vector processes, the authors develop several techniques for estimating the parameters of a multichannel ARMA (autoregressive moving average) process, from sample cumulants of the output processes: (1) the AR parameters are estimated first; the MA parameters are then estimated from the AR compensated time series. (2) AR and IR (impulse response) parameters are estimated simultaneously; (3) an algorithm that handles causal as well as noncausal ARMA models, by transforming the ARMA parameter estimation problem to a pair of MA parameter estimation problems, is given. Order-determination techniques are also proposed. The algorithms are applicable to both stochastic and deterministic problems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Physics of patterned magnetic medium recording: Design considerations (2005)

Selected aspects of the recording physics of magnetic data storage systems based on patterned medium are discussed. Considerations for the choice of a recording layer material are outlined. A micromagnetic study of magnetization reversal in patterned magnetic recording medium is presented. The effects of bit geometry, medium thickness, head/medium magnetic spacing, air-bearing surface geometry, write pole material, and write misregistration on magnetization reversal are explored. The influence of a recording layer design on playback resolution is evaluated. The results offer the guidelines for the design and optimization of patterned magnetic recording medium.
Effect of the Intake of Resveratrol, Resveratrol Phosphate, and Catechin-Rich Grape Seed Extract on Markers of Oxidative Stress and Gene Expression in Adult Obese Subjects (2012)

The results suggest that RTP and CGSE could contribute to a significant reduction of oxidative stress in obese subjects.
A Novel Arthroscopic Technique Utilizing Bone Morphogenetic Protein in the Treatment of Kienböck Disease (2013)

Kienböck disease, first described in 1910, is osteonecrosis of the carpal lunate and has been associated with ulnar minus variance. Numerous joint leveling procedures have been developed for patients with ulnar-negative variance to decrease forces transmitted across the lunate. The basis of operative treatment is the presence or absence of advanced osteoarthritis associated with fragmentation of the carpal lunate and capitate descent. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) have been utilized successfully as adjunctive treatment in fracture healing and recently in the surgical treatment of a patient with Lichtman stage IIIA Kienböck disease. Arthroscopy is an available tool in assessing cartilage injury and coupled with the use of BMP may be of benefit in patients with ulnar-neutral or ulnar-negative wrists who have not progressed to severe arthritis and capitate descent. We report a novel arthroscopic technique in which a stage IIIA and IIIB carpal lunate osteonecrosis is treated by curettage and grafting with an admixture of autologous radial cancellous bone marrow graft and BMP-2.
EUV micro-exposure tool at 0.5 NA for sub-16 nm lithography (2008)

The resolution limit of present 0.3 NA 13.5 nm wavelength micro-exposure tools is compared to next generation lithography research requirements. Findings suggest that a successor design is needed for patterning starting at the 16 nm semiconductor process technology node. A two-mirror 0.5 NA optical design is presented, and performance expectations are established from detailed optical and lithographic simulation. Here, we report on the results from a SEMATECH program to fabricate a projection optic with an ultimate resolution limit of approximately 11 nm.
Splitting tasks for migrating real-time automotive applications to multi-core ECUs (2016)

Real-time automotive software becomes increasingly complex due to the integration of more functionalities. At the same time, the computation power of electronic control units grows by increasing the number of cores instead of the core performance. Thus, in the near future a single task will require more computation power than a single core can offer. We propose an approach that solves this problem by splitting a task into multiple parallel task partitions with minimal synchronization overhead while maintaining all data dependencies of the functionalities inside the original task. The approach is successfully validated on a real-world engine management system.
Selective metal deposition on organic surfaces for device applications (2013)

Selective metal deposition signifies that metal vapor atoms are deposited on a hard organic surface but not on a soft (low glass transition temperature) surface. This paper introduces the origin, extension, and device applications of selective metal deposition. A photochromic surface shows the light-controlled selective metal deposition phenomenon, but the surface material is not essential to it; various organic surfaces including organic crystal and polymer surfaces can be used. We demonstrate the applications of selective metal deposition, including cathode patterning for organic light-emitting devices, micro thin-film fuses, and multifunctional diffraction grating. Selective metal deposition can be applied to a variety of electric and optic devices.
Restriction fragment length polymorphisms in plant breeding and genetics (1992)

Synopsis The usefulness of restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) in plant breeding and genetics is discussed, with particular emphasis on tagging genes, map-based cloning, the assessment of genetic variability and distances, and comparative genome mapping. The Department of Plant Breeding and Biometry has currently established tight linkages between RFLPs and more than 20 genes of economic importance. Approximately half of these genes confer resistance to major pathogens including nematodes, bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Other genes tagged are involved in various aspects of crop quality. Locating genes with respect to DNA markers on an RFLP map provides a starting point for cloning the genes by chromosome walking. This strategy is currently being pursued for three disease-resistance genes that have been placed on the tomato RFLP map; Pto (resistance to Pseudomonas syringae ), Mi (resistance to root-knot nemotodes) and Tm2a (resistance to tobacco mosaic virus). Further discussion will include the construction of a yeast artificial chromosome library and the collection of additional DNA markers in the regions of interest through RAPD analysis of nearly isogenic lines. The assessment of genetic variability and fingerprinting varieties based on RFLP data will be briefly discussed. Comparative genome mapping in the family Solanaceae has allowed the relationships among tomato, potato, and pepper to be unravelled. Tomato and potato share a near perfect conservation of gene order throughout their genomes. In contrast, while pepper shares most of its single copy DNA with tomato and potato, the order of these markers is highly rearranged compared with the other two species.
Surface micromachining for microsensors and microactuators (1988)

Micromechanical structures can be made by selectively etching sacrificial layers from a multilayer sandwich of patterned thin films. This paper reviews this technology, termed surface micromachining, with an emphasis on polysilicon microstructures. Micromechanical characteristics of thin-film microstructures critically depend on the average residual stress in the film, as well as on the stress variation in the direction of deposition. The stress in low-pressure chemical vapor deposition polysilicon varies with deposition temperature, doping, and annealing cycles. Applications of surface micromachining to fabricate beams, plates, sealed cavities, and linear and rotary bearings are discussed.