gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Numerical modeling of ultrasound imaging using contrast agents for particle image velocimetry in vivo (2005)

Non-invasive in vivo medical ultrasound imaging using contrast agents requires further physical understanding of ultrasound wave propagation phenomenon in tissue and scattering from microbubbles. Cumulative nonlinearity exhibited by wave motion in tissue and local nonlinearity by microbubble dynamics are strongly influence the imaging technique and microbubble detectability. The wave propagation in tissue is studied using KZK-type parabolic evolution equation. This model considers ultrasound beam diffraction, attenuation, and tissue nonlinearity. Pressure-wave scattering from microbubbles, seeded in the blood stream, is modeled using Rayleigh-Plesset-type equation. The continuity and the radial-momentum equations of encapsulated microbubbles are employed to account for the lipid layer surrounding the microbubble. Numerical results show the effects of tissue and microbubble nonlinearities on pressure-wave propagation and scattering. These nonlinearities have a strong influence on the waveform distortion and harmonic generation. Results also show that microbubbles have stronger nonlinearity than that of tissue, and thus improves signal-to-noise ratio.
Imidazoline Compounds Stimulate Insulin Release by Inhibition of KATP Channels and Interaction With the Exocytotic Machinery (1996)

A novel imidazoline compound, RX871024, was used to investigate the mechanisms by which imidazoline derivatives promote insulin secretion in rat pancreatic beta-cells and HIT T15 cells. RX871024 stimulated insulin release from rat pancreatic beta-cells and HIT T15 cells in a glucose-dependent way. This effect was not related to alpha2-adrenergic, I1-, and I2-imidazoline receptors. RX871024 promoted insulin release by at least two modes of action. One included an increase in cytoplasmic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i), subsequent to blocking of ATP-dependent K+ channels, membrane depolarization, and activation of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels. The other, a more distal effect of imidazoline, affected the exocytotic machinery and was unrelated to changes in membrane potential and [Ca2+]i. The mechanism of RX871024-induced insulin release was dependent on protein kinases A and C. The sensitizing effect of a low dose of RX871024 on glucose-induced insulin secretion suggests that imidazoline compounds of this kind may constitute the basis for development of a new class of oral hypoglycemic agents.
Novel cytoprotection of muscular ischemia/reperfusion injury: Hydrogen sulfide (2008)

Singh, Sunil P. BA; Rafii, Daniel C. BA; Lyden, David C. MD, PhD; Spector, Jason A. MD Author Information
System performance with higher level modulation in the GSM/EDGE radio access network (2002)

The GSM/EDGE Radio Access Network (GERAN) is presently being evolved as a full complement to the 3G UMTS network. One part of this evolution is the introduction of efficient support of real-time packet data and alignment to the UNITS Core Network. Another part will introduce performance-enhancing features aimed at improving spectral efficiency, peak and average user-throughput and capacity. One such enhancement being considered is the use of Higher Level Modulations to enhance the user peak rate in the GERAN, in much the same way as the data rate for GPRS was enhanced with the 8PSK modulation in EDGE. By introducing new coding schemes based on QAM the maximum bit rate per time slot could be increased up to 88.8 kbit/s. This paper explains the GERAN concept and investigates possible system level gains, from both spectrum efficiency and perceived user quality perspective, with Higher Level Modulation in GERAN.
A Tailored COF for Visible-Light Photosynthesis of 2,3-Dihydrobenzofurans (2023)

Heterogeneous photocatalysis is considered as an ecofriendly and sustainable approach for addressing energy and environmental persisting issues. Recently, heterogeneous photocatalysts based on covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have gained considerable attention due to their remarkable performance and recyclability in photocatalytic organic transformations, offering a prospective alternative to homogeneous photocatalysts based on precious metal/organic dyes. Herein, we report <b>Hex-Aza-COF-3</b> as a metal-free, visible-light-activated, and reusable heterogeneous photocatalyst for the synthesis of 2,3-dihydrobenzofurans, as a pharmaceutically relevant structural motif, via the selective oxidative [3+2] cycloaddition of phenols with olefins. Moreover, we demonstrate the synthesis of natural products (±)-conocarpan and (±)-pterocarpin via the [3+2] cycloaddition reaction as an important step using <b>Hex-Aza-COF-3</b> as a heterogeneous photocatalyst. Interestingly, the presence of phenazine and hexaazatriphenylene as rigid heterocyclic units in <b>Hex-Aza-COF-3</b> strengthens the covalent linkages, enhances the absorption in the visible region, and narrows the energy band, leading to excellent activity, charge transport, stability, and recyclability in photocatalytic reactions, as evident from theoretical calculations and real-time information on ultrafast spectroscopic measurements.
A Hybrid-PLL (ADPLL/Charge-Pump PLL) Using Phase Realignment With 0.6-us Settling, 0.619-ps Integrated Jitter, and −240.5-dB FoM in 7-nm FinFET (2020)

All-digital PLLs (ADPLLs) based on a ring-oscillator (RO) provide very fast settling, but they suffer from quantization noise due to discrete tuning of their digitally controlled oscillator (DCO). Although RO charge-pump PLLs (CP-PLLs) do not exhibit quantization noise thanks to their continuous VCO tuning, they are quite slow and require huge VCO gain to cover frequency drift due to temperature variations. Further, in CP-PLLs, the reset pulse of phase detector (PD) must be wide for proper PLL functioning, but this sets a lower limit on reference spurs. We propose a hybrid-PLL in a 7-nm FinFET CMOS that combines the best advantages of ADPLL and CP-PLL. We introduce periodical phase realignment by the reference clock, and ultrashort pulse for resetting the PD. The hybrid PLL covers 0.2-4 GHz and settles in 0.6 us. It emits low -52 dB reference spurs in the conventional mode, and 1.05 ps and 0.62 ps integrated jitter in the conventional and realignment modes, respectively.
Differential Expression of Bone Morphogenetic Proteins in the Developing Vestibular and Auditory Sensory Organs (1996)

The genes responsible for the formation of various sensory organs in the inner ear are not known. There are eight sensory organs in the chick inner ear, and our previous study showed that all presumptive sensory organs initially express bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4), a member of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta gene family. To address the potential role of BMPs in the patterning of different sensory organ structures, we investigated the expression of BMP4, BMP5, and BMP7 during sensory organ differentiation in the chick inner ear. The gene expression pattern of BMP5, although similar to that of BMP4, was transient and disappeared by embryonic day 3.5 (E3.5). In contrast, BMP7 gene expression was quite extensive, starting in the otic placode. By E5, gene expression patterns of BMP4 and BMP7 differed among vestibular and auditory sensory organs. In the vestibular sensory organs, BMP7 gene expression segregated from the main sensory tissue areas at the onset of differentiation, whereas BMP4 expression concentrated in supporting cells. In the cochlea, however, BMP7 gene expression became restricted to sensory tissue over time and eventually concentrated in supporting cells, whereas BMP4 gene expression was localized to hair cells. The different BMP expression patterns in developing auditory and vestibular sensory organs may help to shape each respective sensory structure. Furthermore, the expression of BMP4 in the cochlea also revealed an interesting pattern of sensory cell differentiation: the distal portion of the cochlea differentiates first, and the tall hair cells develop before the short hair cells.
Simulations of a W-Band Circular TWT (2019)

We are exploring the amplification of W-band electromagnetic radiation using a dielectric-loaded traveling wave tube (TWT) by employing several particle-in-cell (PIC) codes. We are seeking to replicate recent results obtained by a Naval Research Laboratory's (NRL's) dielectric-loaded TWT design [1] consisting of a solid circular electron beam (26 kV, 100 mA and 0.185 mm beam radius) surrounded with dielectric material, ε <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</sub> =13.5, and coupled to a TM01 electromagnetic wave at a frequency of 94 GHz. NRL used a finite-difference-timedomain (FDTD) formulation in a 2-D cylindrical coordinate system to perform the dielectric-loaded TWT simulations. In our work, we have opted for PIC simulations comparing three different software tools-a 3-D Cartesian coordinate system `FDTD-PIC method-based MAGIC', `CST Electromagnetic and Multiphysics Simulation Studio Suite', and `Improved Concurrent Electromagnetic Particle-In-Cell (ICEPIC)'. This paper summarizes our results from these studies.
Lactation and Risk of Endometrial Cancer in Japan: A Case-Control Study (2006)

The incidence of endometrial cancer is rapidly increasing in Japan. Although the risk factors in European populations have been well described, there are few epidemiologic studies regarding risk factors for endometrial cancer in Japanese women. This hospital-based case-control study among Japanese women was carried out from 1998 to 2000. The cases were selected from women with endometrial cancer (n =155), and the controls selected from women attending the university gynecological outpatient clinic for cervical cancer screening (n = 96). Subjects were interviewed to ascertain breast feeding practices, contraceptive usage, as well as potential risk factors for endometrial cancer. We observed a lower risk of endometrial cancer associated with oral contraceptive (OC) and a higher risk associated with higher body mass index (BMI), and older ages at first and last delivery. Gravidity reduced odds ratio (OR) for endometrial cancer to 0.34 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.13-0.92). Compared with parous women who had never breastfed, the multivariate OR for women with a history of breastfeeding was 0.37 (95% CI, 0.17-0.82). Additionally, a greater lapse of time since breastfeeding increased OR for endometrial cancer by over three times. In conclusion, the present study has indicated that breastfeeding reduces the risk of endometrial cancer in Japanese women.
Mechanism Design with Set-Theoretic Beliefs (2011)

In settings of incomplete information, we put forward (1) a very conservative -- indeed, purely set-theoretic -- model of the beliefs (including totally wrong ones) that each player may have about the payoff types of his opponents, and (2) a new and robust solution concept, based on mutual belief of rationality, capable of leveraging such conservative beliefs. We exemplify the applicability of our new approach for single-good auctions, by showing that, under our solution concept, a normal-form, simple, and deterministic mechanism guarantees -- up to an arbitrarily small, additive constant -- a revenue benchmark that is always greater than or equal to the second-highest valuation, and sometimes much greater. By contrast, we also prove that the same benchmark cannot even be approximated within any positive factor, under classical solution concepts.
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide as an Environmentally Benign Reaction Medium for Chemical Synthesis (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Mecamylamine Effects on Haloperidol-Induced Catalepsy and Defecation (2001)

Recent clinical experience with Tourette syndrome (TS) patients suggests that the nicotinic receptor antagonist, mecamylamine (Inversine), may be a useful adjunct to neuroleptic therapy for controlling tic symptom. This is consistent with previous preclinical findings demonstrating that mecamylamine can potentiate the cataleptic effects of neuroleptics in rats. However, these earlier preclinical studies employed high doses (1-2.5 mg/kg) of mecamylamine that may not be clinically relevant since human doses of mecamylamine used to treat TS have been much lower (0.03-0.1 mg/kg). In order to test the potential therapeutic properties of mecamylamine preclinically, we conducted catalepsy experiments in rats employing both a low and high dose of mecamylamine in combination with haloperidol. Sixty-four male Sprague Dawley rats were randomized into four treatment groups (n = 16/group). Each rat received an injection of either saline or mecamylamine (0.1 or 3.0 mg/kg s.c.) followed one hour later with a second injection of either saline or haloperidol (0.4 mg/kg s.c.). The bar test was used to measure duration of catalepsy at 3 hrs following the second injection. The results demonstrated that only the mecamylamine treated rats showed statistically significant haloperidol-induced catalepsy when measured at 3 hrs. In addition, haloperidol-induced defecation was not affected by the 0.1 mg/kg mecamylamine dose, but completely abolished by the 3.0 mg/kg dose. These findings suggest that a clinically relevant dose of mecamylamine (0.1 mg/kg) can affect the duration of haloperidol-induced catalepsy without having significant effects on gastrointestinal function.
On estimating random amplitude-modulated harmonics using higher order spectra (1994)

Additive as well as multiplicative noise may occur when acoustic waves propagate through the ocean. Second-order spectral methods fail to retrieve frequencies of such random amplitude modulated harmonic time series, especially when the multiplicative noise is broadband. An existing fourth-order method assumes real Gaussian multiplicative and additive noise. A novel approach is proved herein to impose no constraints on the distribution or the color of the disturbances. It relies on fourth-order special cumulant or moment slices. In particular, the fourth-order moment spectrum is shown to offer computational advantages. Extension to multicomponent models and generalizations to alternative higher order moments are also provided. Simulations corroborate the theoretical results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Development of model for formation of surface properties in cold rolling of stainless steels and application to the actual mill (2010)

The rolling oil transudation model by whom the decrease of the sur- face defect and smoothing the surface of the stainless steel cold-rolling was formed were constructed by applying Channel Jacking Mechanism. The surface of the sheet rolled with emulsion oil used this time is not smoothed easily when rolling on the same to neat oil condition, because this emulsion oil becomes a high viscosity under the high pressure, and is not moved easily under high-pressure in the roll byte. How- ever the surface smoothness of the sheet rolled with emulsion oil is the same as one with neat oil with control of the rolling condition based on the rolling oil transuda- tion model. 7-11) proposed what they call the Channel Jacking Mechanism (CJM) as their micro- pool lubrication model of the lubrication at the interface of friction between the material and the tool by the lubricant that is mechani- cally trapped in very small dents (micro-pits) in the material surface. This applies when the lubricant is supplied to the interface of friction between the material and the tool not by the hydrodynamic- based effect but by the effect of the lubricant that is mechanically trapped in micro-pits in the material surface. In the present study, referring to the above CJM model, we con- sidered the transudation behavior of rolling oil which is trapped mechanically in micro-pits in the surface of steel material before cold rolling. Then, we proposed that the transudation behavior in each rolling pass should be evaluated based on the pass characteris- tic value (hereinafter called the F-value) that is calculated from the viscosity of the rolling oil used, rolling conditions and roll surface roughness using said as a reference. We studied the relation- ship between the pass schedule using the F-value and the change in surface properties after rolling. The study results are described in this paper. In addition, we applied the F-value to smooth the steel surface in the cold rolling process using water-soluble emulsion oil (hereinafter called emulsion oil) which is generally considered infe- rior to neat oil from the standpoint of obtaining the desired steel surface properties. The results are also described in this paper.
Cocycle Twists of Algebras (2015)

Let $A$ be a $k$-algebra where $k$ is an algebraically closed field and $G$ be a finite abelian group for which the characteristic of $k$ does not divide $|G|$. If $G$ acts on $A$ by $k$-algebra automorphisms then the action induces a $G$-grading on $A$ which, in conjunction with a normalised 2-cocycle of the group, can be used to twist the multiplication of the algebra. Such twists can be formulated as Zhang twists as well as in the language of Hopf algebras. We investigate such cocycle twists with an emphasis on the situation where $A$ also possesses a connected graded structure and the action of $G$ respects this grading. We show that many properties are preserved under such twists; for example the strongly noetherian property, finite global dimension and Artin-Shelter regularity. The above concepts are then applied to the 4-dimensional Sklyanin algebras, $A:=A(α,β,γ)$. We define an action of the Klein four-group on $A$ such that the action restricts to a special geometric factor ring $B$ (a twisted homogeneous coordinate ring). The cocycle twists of these algebras, denoted by $A^{G,μ}$ and $B^{G,μ}$ respectively, have very different geometric properties to their untwisted counterparts. While $A$ has point modules parameterised by an elliptic curve $E$ and four extra points, $A^{G,μ}$ has only 20 point modules (when an automorphism associated to $E$ has infinite order). The point modules over $A$ can be used to construct fat point modules of multiplicity 2 over $A^{G,μ}$, and there are isomorphisms among such objects corresponding to orbits of a natural action of $G$ on $E$. Furthermore, the ring $B^{G,μ}$ can be described in terms of Artin and Stafford's classification of noncommutative curves.
Prevalence of pathogenic germline variants detected by multigene sequencing in unselected Japanese patients with ovarian cancer (2017)

Pathogenic germline <i>BRCA1</i>, <i>BRCA2</i> (<i>BRCA1/2</i>), and several other gene variants predispose women to primary ovarian, fallopian tube, and peritoneal carcinoma (OC), although variant frequency and relevance information is scarce in Japanese women with OC. Using targeted panel sequencing, we screened 230 unselected Japanese women with OC from our hospital-based cohort for pathogenic germline variants in 75 or 79 OC-associated genes. Pathogenic variants of 11 genes were identified in 41 (17.8%) women: 19 (8.3%; <i>BRCA1</i>), 8 (3.5%; <i>BRCA2</i>), 6 (2.6%; mismatch repair genes), 3 (1.3%; <i>RAD51D</i>), 2 (0.9%; <i>ATM</i>), 1 (0.4%; <i>MRE11A</i>), 1 (<i>FANCC</i>), and 1 (<i>GABRA6</i>). Carriers of <i>BRCA1/2</i> or any other tested gene pathogenic variants were more likely to be diagnosed younger, have first or second-degree relatives with OC, and have OC classified as high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC). After adjustment for these variables, all 3 features were independent predictive factors for pathogenic variants in any tested genes whereas only the latter two remained for variants in <i>BRCA1/2</i>. Our data indicate similar variant prevalence in Japanese patients with OC and other ethnic groups and suggest that HGSC and OC family history may facilitate genetic predisposition prediction in Japanese patients with OC and referring high-risk patients for genetic counseling and testing.
Annotating large lattices with the exact word error (2015)

The acoustic model in modern speech recognisers is trained discriminatively, for example with the minimum Bayes risk.This criterion is hard to compute exactly, so that it is normally approximated by a criterion that uses fixed alignments of lattice arcs.This approximation becomes particularly problematic with new types of acoustic models that require flexible alignments.It would be best to annotate lattices with the risk measure of interest, the exact word error.However, the algorithm for this uses finite-state automaton determinisation, which has exponential complexity and runs out of memory for large lattices.This paper introduces a novel method for determinising and minimising finite-state automata incrementally.Since it uses less memory, it can be applied to larger lattices.
Long term efficacy of rituximab in follicular lymphoma (FL) and polymorphism in IgG Fc receptor FcγRIIIa/FcγRIIa genes (2005)

6598 Background: FCGR3A coding for the FcγRIIIa receptor displays a functional dimorphism (FCGR3A-158V/F) and human IgG1 have a higher affinity for FCGR3A-158VV NK cells and increased ADCC compared to FCGR3A-158FF NK cells (Dall’Ozzo et al. 2004). We and others have previously demonstrated that FCGR3A-158VV genotype was associated with a higher rate of clinical and molecular response to rituximab in 49 patients receiving rituximab (anti-CD20 chimeric IgG1) alone for previously untreated low-tumor burden FL (Cartron et al. 2002). We have recently reported (Solal-Celigny et al. 2004) that 28% of all these patients and 34% of responders remain free of relapse more than 5 years after treatment. Weng et al. (2003) have also reported that FCGR2A-131HH patients have a better response and PFS after treatment by rituximab. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of FCGR3A and FCGR2A polymorphisms on the clinical outcome in the long-term responders. Methods: The FCGR3A and FCGR2A genotypes were determined by a nested PCR (PCR-ASRED) in the 49 patients who have been treated with rituximab (375 mg/m2 x 4) for FL. Results: FCGR3A-158VV patients represented 20% of the population, FCGR3A-158FF 35% and heterozygous patients 45% (FCGR3A-158F carriers). FCGR2A-131HH patients represented 20% of the population, FCGR2A-131RR 31% and heterozygous patients 49% (FCGR2A-131R carriers). The median PFS was 18 months for the whole population and was 25 months and 16 months for FCGR3A-158VV and FCGR3A-158F carriers patients (log-rank test, p = 0.8), and 23 months and 16 months for FCGR2A-131HH and FCGR2A-131R carriers, respectively (log-rank test, p = 0.7). Among, the 14 patients free of relapse more than 5 years after rituximab treatment, 2 (15%) and 12 (85%) were FCGR3A-158VV (p = 0.7) and FCGR3A-158F carriers, and 3 (20%) and 11 (80%) were FCGR2A-131HH and FCGR2A-131R carriers, respectively (p = 1.0). Conclusions: After a long term follow-up, neither FCGR3A-158VV nor FCGR2A-131HH genotype are significantly associated with a longer PFS, despite the fact that FCGR3A-158V homozygosity is associated with a higher rate of clinical and molecular response to rituximab in low-tumor burden FL patients. No significant financial relationships to disclose.