gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
IL-2 DEPENDENT RAPAMYCIN RESISTENT SIGNALS ARE REQUIRED FOR TOLERANCE INDUCTION AND T CELL APOPTOSIS (1998)

665 Cytokine driven immune regulation may play a critical role in peripheral tolerance. We studied the allograft response in recipient mice that are deficient for both IL-2 and IL-4 (DKO). DKO recipient mice (H-2b) vigorously reject fully MHC mismatched DBA/2J (H-2d) islet allografts(MST 17±7 days, n=8) with only slight delay compared to wild type (wt) controls (13±4 days, n=7). However, DKO recipients are totally refractory to the induction of transplantation tolerance. Rapamycin (0.2 mg/kg/day for 14 days) uniformly induced permanent engraftment of DBA/2J islet allografts in wt 129/J mice (>100 days, n=4). In contrast, all rapamycin treated DKO recipient mice rejected the islet allografts (27±9 days, n=5), albeit the rejection was delayed compared with untreated controls. Analysis for the failure of engraftment in DKO mice demonstrated that activation induced deletion of Vβ8+ T cells in vivo in response to superantigen SEB was severely impaired in DKO mice and that alloantigen primed lymphocytes from IL-2 deficient mice but not in IL-4 deficient mice failed to undergo activation induced and Fas mediated apoptosis in vitro. Our data establish that a rapamycin resistant IL-2 driven signal is required for tolerance induction. It seems likely that rapamycin blocks IL-2 delivered proliferative but not apoptotic signals and clonal contraction through activation induced apoptosis (AIA) is an essential process in tolerance induction. Apparently, IL-2 among various T cell growth factors plays an unique role in priming of activated T cells for AIA.
QR Codes in the Library: Are They Worth the Effort? (2012)

Abstract The literature is filled with potential uses for Quick Response (QR) Codes in the library setting, but few library QR Code projects have publicized usage statistics. A pilot project carried out in the Eda Kuhn Loeb Music Library of the Harvard College Library sought to determine whether library patrons actually understand and use QR Codes. Results and analysis of the pilot project are provided, attempting to answer the question as to whether QR Codes are worth the effort for libraries. KEYWORDS: QR Codesonline resourcesusage statisticsmobile accessAccess Services Acknowledgments The author would like to thank the Harvard Library Lab (Susan Kriegsman, Abigail Bordeaux); Virginia Danielson and Sarah Adams, the former and interim Richard F. French Librarians of the Eda Kuhn Loeb Music Library, respectively; Kerry Carwile Masteller, Reference and Digital Projects Librarian; and Liza Vick, Reference and Research Services Librarian of the Eda Kuhn Loeb Music Library.
Ultratrace Kinetic Measurements of the Reduction of Methylene Blue (2003)

The kinetics of methylene blue reduction by ascorbic acid in acetonitrile was investigated by cavity ring-down spectroscopy. Because of our high sensitivity we were able to use very low concentrations (1-10 nM) of the dye. Under these conditions, we observed a second-order loss of dye as well as a competing back reaction with dissolved oxygen. The use of an inexpensive diode laser and a relatively simple setup should make ultratrace kinetic studies more accessible.
Hydrogen-selective Thermoelectric Gas Sensor (2002)

Abstract A thermoelectric (TE) hydrogen gas sensor was fabricated by depositing a platinum catalyst thin film on the half surface of nickel oxide thick film. When it was exposed to combustible gas diluted by synthetic air, the catalyst layer converts hydrogen and oxygen effectively to water vapor, and give out heat energy, resulting temperature difference across the sensor, and consequently voltage signal. The voltage signal for the 3% H2/air mixture gas at temperature 100 °C, was 4.65 mV while that for 3% CH3OH/air mixture gas was 0.31 mV. The lower detection limit (LDL) of the sensor at 100 °C was lower than 500 ppm, with an excellent linearity of signal voltage to the hydrogen gas concentration.
New generation of tuning forks for quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (2019)

We report on the performance of new quartz tuning fork (QTF) designs optimized for quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS). We investigated the impact on resonance properties of prong geometries differing from the standard rectangular one. We proposed a QTF with T-shaped prongs and a QTF with prongs having rectangular grooves carved on the surface. QTFs were implemented in a QEPAS sensor and performances were compared in terms of signalto-noise ratio (SNR). Then, QTFs were acoustically coupled with single- and dual-tube micro-resonator systems. A record x60 SNR enhancement factor with respect to the bare QTF was achieved with QTF having T-shaped prongs.
The generalized exponential time-frequency distribution (1994)

Time-frequency distributions (TFD) are joint time and frequency signal representations that, among other properties, maintain the true support of a signal's energy in both time and frequency. In addition to their mathematical elegance, TFDs can provide simultaneous resolution in time and frequency that exceeds that of the common spectrogram. In general, however, TFDs, also exhibit certain peculiarities that arise, in part, from the bilinear structure of the fundamental TFD form (L. Cohen's class). Perhaps most notable is the presence of spectral cross-term artifacts, a kind of spectral chaff that tends to impede visual understanding and interpretation of TFDs as instantaneous power spectrums. Several researchers have proposed and demonstrated a variety of TFDs, which through Cohen's (1989) form are defined through a kernel /spl phi/(/spl theta/,/spl tau/). Particularly notable among these is Choi and Williams' (1989) exponential distribution in which /spl phi/(/spl theta/,/spl tau/)=exp(-/spl theta//sup 2//spl tau//sup 2///spl sigma/). Of all distributions investigated, the exponential distribution is relatively immune to spectral cross-term generation and yet maintains high simultaneous time-frequency resolution. In a generalization of Choi and Williams' work, the author introduces the broader class of exponential distributions defined by the kernel exp(-|/spl theta/|/sup p/|/spl tau/|/sup q///spl sigma/) and investigate its properties. In particular, he shows that this generalized exponential distribution can exceed the time-frequency resolution performance of the exponential distribution and get also remain relatively free from spectral cross-term distortion.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
In Situ Spectroscopic Measurements of Individual Cation and Anion Dynamics in a RuO2Electrochemical Capacitor (2013)

Improving the energy storage capability of electrochemical capacitors is inherently dependent on clarifying our understanding of ion dynamics of advanced electrolytes in a variety of materials. Herein, we apply a new in situ infrared spectroscopy technique to selectively and simultaneously measure both cation and anion dynamics of an ionic liquid (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium triflate (EMIm-Tf)) in a functioning RuO2 capacitor. The individual cation and anion dynamics of EMIm-Tf are measured as a function of step voltage input, voltage scan rate, and RuO2 content in the electrode. Results show that cations and anions transport as aggregates and cations are the dominant charge carrying species. Also, the ratio of cations to anions in the cathode during charge storage increases with increasing step voltage input and RuO2 content in the electrode. In addition to changes in the cation to anion distribution, the concentration of both cations and anions increases and the rate of change of cations and anions increases as the porosity of the RuO2 electrode increases, which all correspond to an increase in the volumetric capacitance. Cyclic voltammetry, in conjunction with infrared spectroscopy experimental results, confirm that charge storage, as well as cation and anion transport both follow a diffusion-limited behavior.
Getting specificity from simplicity in putative proteins from the prebiotic Earth (2007)

Can unique protein structures arise from a limited set of amino acids present on the prebiotic earth? To address this question, we have determined the stability and structure of KIA7, a 20-residue polypeptide containing chiefly Lys, Ile, and Ala. NMR methods reveal that KIA7 tetramerizes and folds on the millisecond time scale to adopt a four-helix X-bundle structure with a tightly and specifically packed core. Denaturation studies and hydrogen exchange measurements of KIA7 and several variants demonstrate that ridges-into-grooves packing of Ala and Ile side chains and the packing of a C-terminal aromatic group into the hydrophobic core are sufficient to give rise to a rather stable, well folded protein structure, with no favorable electrostatic interactions or tertiary or quaternary hydrogen bonds. Both modern proteins and RNAs can adopt specific structures, but RNAs do so with a limited "alphabet" of residues and types of stabilizing interactions. The results reported here show that specific, well folded protein structures can also arise from a highly reduced set of stabilizing interactions and amino acids that are thought to have been present on the prebiotic earth.
Development Status of the Pi-Mode Accelerating Structure (PIMS) for Linac4 (2008)

The high-energy section of Linac4, between 100 and 160 MeV, will be made of a sequence of 12 seven-cell accelerating cavities of the Pi-Mode Structure (PIMS) type, resonating at 352 MHz. The cell length is the same within a cavity, but changes from cavity to cavity according to the beam velocity profile. Compared to other structures used in this energy range, π-mode cavities with a low number of cells have the advantage of simplified construction and tuning, compensating for the fact that the shunt impedance is about 10% lower because of the lower frequency. Field stability in steady state and in presence of transients is assured by the low number of cells and by the relatively high coupling factor of 5%. Standardising the linac RF system to a single frequency is considered as an additional economical and operational advantage. The mechanical design of the PIMS will be very similar to that of the 352 MHz normal conducting 5-cell LEP (Large Electron Proton collider at CERN) accelerating cavities, which have been successfully operated at CERN for 15 years. After reviewing the basic design principles, the paper will focus on the tuning strategy, on the field stability calculations and on the mechanical design. It will also report the results of measurement on a cold model and the design of a full-scale prototype.
Advances in Energetic Short-Pulse Fiber Lasers (2010)

Energetic short-pulse fiber lasers feed or drive many applications at LLNL, including petawatt lasers and Compton-scattered gamma-ray sources. We present advances in scaling fiber lasers to the millijoule range.
Equine Arteritis Virus Elicits a Mucosal Antibody Response in the Reproductive Tract of Persistently Infected Stallions (2017)

Equine arteritis virus (EAV) has the ability to establish persistent infection in the reproductive tract of the stallion (carrier) and is continuously shed in its semen. We have recently demonstrated that EAV persists within stromal cells and a subset of lymphocytes in the stallion accessory sex glands in the presence of a significant local inflammatory response. In the present study, we demonstrated that EAV elicits a mucosal antibody response in the reproductive tract during persistent infection with homing of plasma cells into accessory sex glands. The EAV-specific immunoglobulin isotypes in seminal plasma included IgA, IgG1, IgG3/5, and IgG4/7. Interestingly, seminal plasma IgG1 and IgG4/7 possessed virus-neutralizing activity, while seminal plasma IgA and IgG3/5 did not. However, virus-neutralizing IgG1 and IgG4/7 in seminal plasma were not effective in preventing viral infectivity. In addition, the serological response was primarily mediated by virus-specific IgM and IgG1, while virus-specific serum IgA, IgG3/5, IgG4/7, and IgG6 isotype responses were not detected. This is the first report characterizing the immunoglobulin isotypes in equine serum and seminal plasma in response to EAV infection. The findings presented herein suggest that while a broader immunoglobulin isotype diversity is elicited in seminal plasma, EAV has the ability to persist in the reproductive tract, in spite of local mucosal antibody and inflammatory responses. This study provides further evidence that EAV employs complex immune evasion mechanisms during persistence in the reproductive tract that warrant further investigation.
Influence of bone conduction transducers position and constraint on propagation to the ear (2020)

International audience
Periodic Non-Sinusoidal Activity Can Produce Cross-Frequency Coupling in Cortical Signals in the Absence of Functional Interaction Between Neural Sources (2016)

Abstract The analysis of cross-frequency coupling (CFC) has become popular in studies involving intracranial and scalp EEG recordings in humans. It has been argued that some cases where CFC is mathematically present may not reflect an interaction of two distinct yet functionally coupled neural sources with different frequencies. Here we provide two empirical examples from intracranial recordings where CFC can be shown to be driven by the shape of a periodic waveform rather than by a functional interaction between distinct sources. Using simulations, we also present a generalized and realistic scenario where such coupling may arise. This scenario, which we term waveform-dependent CFC, arises when sharp waveforms (e.g., cortical potentials) occur in a periodic manner throughout parts of the data. Since the waveforms are repeated periodically, they constitute a slow wave that is inherently phase-aligned with the high-frequency component carried by the same waveforms. We submit that such behavior of the data, which seems to be present in various cortical signals, cannot be interpreted as reflecting functional modulation between distinct neural sources without additional evidence. In addition, we show that even low amplitude periodic potentials that cannot be readily observed or controlled for, are sufficient for significant CFC to occur.
Buffer Layer R&D for YBCO Coated Conductor Composite Wires (2004)

Buffer layers play a key role in the YBa2Cu3O7−δ (YBCO) coated conductor composite wire technology. The important buffer layer characteristics are: these buffers should prevent metal diffusion into the superconductor from the substrate; possibly act as oxygen diffusion barriers; should be smooth, continuous, crack‐free, highly aligned and dense. In order to develop low‐cost alternative buffer layer architectures to the standard architecture of YBCO/CeO2/YSZ/Y2O3/Ni/Ni‐W, LaMnO3 (LMO) and La2Zr2O7 (LZO) buffers were chosen for this study. These buffers were grown epitaxially on biaxially textured and strengthened Ni‐W3% metal tapes by scalable vapor and/or solution techniques. LaMnO3 buffers were grown epitaxially on Ni‐W substrates by rf sputtering, and La2Zr2O7 buffers were grown by a Metal‐Organic Deposition (MOD). Detailed microstructural characterizations indicate that both of these buffers were excellent Ni diffusion barrier layers and high current YBCO films were grown on both LMO and LZO buffer templates.
Comparing Classification Performance of Mueller Matrix Parameters for Diffuse Materials (2020)

This work compares the material classification performance of Mueller matrix polarization imaging to RGB imaging. White painted wood and white fabric samples are selected to create a classification task that is challenging for RGB imaging. A Mueller Matrix Imaging Polarimeter with a 30&#xB0; full field of view is used to capture the Mueller Matrix images at nominal red, green, and blue wavelengths across multiple specular scatter angles. A Bayesian ideal observer model is used to evaluate classification performance. Performance is quantified by the Area under (AUC) the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. An AUC = 1 is perfect detection and AUC = 0.5 is the performance of guessing. The ensemble average AUC does not exceed 0.70 for RGB irradiance data. The ensemble average AUC for all 16 individual Mueller elements is greater than 0.95. Various combinations of Mueller matrix elements are also tested. Elements related to diattenuation and polarizance are nearly perfect classifiers for large scatter angles but the AUC minimum is 0.60 at 20&#xB0;. Depolarization index is the highest performing parameter out of all tested polarization parameters for scatter angles &#x2265;70&#xB0; where AUC &#x2265;0.98.
GCD of multivariate approximate polynomials using beautification with the subtractive algorithm (2012)

The GCD problem for approximate polynomials, by which we mean polynomials expressed in some fixed basis but having approximately-known coefficients, has been well-studied at least since the paper of [6]. Important papers include those listed in [4, 2.12.3], and more recently includes [5], [8] and [9]. What is new about the present paper is that we hope to take advantage of some new technology, in order to improve our understanding of the GCD problem and not necessarily to try to improve on existing algorithms.
Kinase-independent activity of DYRK1A promotes viral entry of highly pathogenic human coronaviruses (2022)

ABSTRACT Identifying host genes essential for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has the potential to reveal novel drug targets and further our understanding of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We previously performed a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screen to identify pro-viral host factors for highly pathogenic human coronaviruses. Very few host factors were required by diverse coronaviruses across multiple cell types, but DYRK1A was one such exception. Although its role in coronavirus infection was completely unknown, DYRK1A encodes D ual Specificity T y rosine Phosphorylation R egulated K inase 1A and regulates cell proliferation, and neuronal development, among other cellular processes. Interestingly, individuals with Down syndrome overexpress DYRK1A 1.5-fold and exhibit 5-10x higher hospitalization and mortality rates from COVID-19 infection. Here, we demonstrate that DYRK1A regulates ACE2 and DPP4 transcription independent of its catalytic kinase function to support SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, and MERS-CoV entry. We show that DYRK1A promotes DNA accessibility at the ACE2 promoter and a putative distal enhancer, facilitating transcription and gene expression. Finally, we validate that the pro-viral activity of DYRK1A is conserved across species using cells of monkey and human origin and an in vivo mouse model. In summary, we report that DYRK1A is a novel regulator of ACE2 and DPP4 expression that may dictate susceptibility to multiple highly pathogenic human coronaviruses. Whether DYRK1A overexpression contributes to heightened COVID-19 severity in individuals with Down syndrome through ACE2 regulation warrants further future investigation.
PRODUCTION OF CARBON PRODUCTS USING A COAL EXTRACTION PROCESS (2005)

High melting temperature synthetic pitches (Synpitches) were created using coal derivatives produced from a solvent extraction technique. Solvent extraction is used to separate hydrocarbons from mineral matter as well as other insolubles. Mild hydrogenation can be used to chemically modify resultant material to produce a true pitch. There are three main techniques which can be used to tailor the softening point of the Synpitch. First, the softening point can be controlled by varying the conditions of hydrogenation, chiefly the temperature, pressure and residence time in a hydrogen overpressure. Second, by selectively distilling light hydrocarbons, the softening point of the remaining pitch can be raised. Third, the Synpitch can be blended with another mutually soluble pitch or hydrocarbon liquid. Through such techniques, spinnable isotropic Synpitches have been created from coal feedstocks. Characteristics of Synpitches include high cross-linking reactivity and high molecular weight, resulting in carbon fibers with excellent mechanical properties. To date, mechanical properties have been achieved which are comparable to the state of the art achievable with conventional coal tar pitch or petroleum pitch.
Fabrication of silica moth-eye structures by photo-nanoimprinting using ordered anodic porous alumina molds (2013)

Moth-eye structures composed of an ordered array of tapered SiO 2 pillars were fabricated by photo-nanoimprinting using anodic porous alumina as a mold. The formation of SiO 2 moth-eye structures was carried out using a photosensitive polysilane solution as a precursor of silica. The SiO 2 moth-eye structures formed on the surface of a glass plate effectively suppressed the reflection of incident light.
Serum Periostin as a Biomarker for Comorbid Chronic Rhinosinusitis in Patients with Asthma (2017)

Serum periostin is useful for detecting chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps and predicting radiological chronic rhinosinusitis severity in patients with asthma. Clinical trial registered with the UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN000017533).
Transcervical hysteroscopic resection of submucous fibroids for abnormal uterine bleeding: results regarding the degree of intramural extension. (1993)

Complete resection improves the long-term results of transcervical resection of submucous fibroids for control of abnormal uterine bleeding. Transcervical resection of submucous fibroids with more than 50% intramural extension should be performed only in selected cases, as complete resection usually necessitates repeat procedures.
Enthusiasm and Charismatic Manifestations in Sabbatarian Adventism With Applications for the Seventh-day Adventist Church of the Late Twentieth Church (1995)

Task It was the purpose of this study to discover what charismatic manifestations were extant among the Sabbatarian Adventists and to determine why those manifestations deceased. This information was then analyzed in the light of the Seventh-day Adventist Church of the late twentieth century in order to find ways of stimulating spirituality and a healthy approach to the Holy Spirit and charismatic manifestations. Method The historical section of this project focused on the charismatic manifestations and enthusiasm of the Sabbatarian Adventists between the Great Disappointment of 1844 and the development in formal organization in 1861. The types of experiences of this period were dealt with topically, not chronologically. The study used a documentary/historical approach based on both published and unpublished primary and secondary sources. The second half of the project proposed a practical plan for the application of the findings for the church today. Findings and Conclusions It was found that the Sabbatarian Adventists believed that the Holy Spirit was the cause of charismatic manifestations such as visions, healings, melting power, slaying power, shouting, weeping, impressions, dreams, and feelings of freedom, liberty, joy, and peace. True charismatic manifestations were a result of reaching out to God in prayer, confession, and submission to Him. False manifestations could be generated through human effort. Nine possible reasons were given for the decline of charismatic experiences. People of the 1990s were found to have a desire for supernatural, experiential religion. This desire could be met with a prayer meeting styled after that of the Sabbatarian Adventists. The content and format of an experiential prayer meeting was discussed.