gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression and functional significance of VE-cadherin in aggressive human melanoma cells: Role in vasculogenic mimicry (2001)

We recently have introduced the term vasculogenic mimicry to describe the unique ability of aggressive melanoma tumor cells to form tubular structures and patterned networks in three-dimensional culture, which "mimics" embryonic vasculogenic networks formed by differentiating endothelial cells. In the current study, we address the biological significance of several endothelial-associated molecules (revealed by microarray analysis) with respect to expression and function in highly aggressive and poorly aggressive human cutaneous melanoma cell lines (established from the same patient). In a comparative analysis, CD31 was not expressed by any of the melanoma cell lines, whereas TIE-1 (tyrosine kinase with Ig and epidermal growth factor homology domains-1) was strongly expressed in the highly aggressive tumor cells with a low level of expression in one of the poorly aggressive cell lines. Vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin was exclusively expressed by highly aggressive melanoma cells and was undetectable in the poorly aggressive tumor cells, suggesting the possibility of a vasculogenic switch. Down-regulation of VE-cadherin expression in the aggressive melanoma cells abrogated their ability to form vasculogenic networks and directly tested the hypothesis that VE-cadherin is critical in melanoma vasculogenic mimicry. These results highlight the plasticity of aggressive melanoma cells and call into question their possible genetic reversion to an embryonic phenotype. This finding could pose a significant clinical challenge in targeting tumor cells that may masquerade as circulating endothelial cells or other embryonic-like stem cells.
Neurofilament phosphorylation (1995)

Neurofilament proteins (NFPs) are highly phosphorylated molecules in the axonal compartment of the adult nervous system. The phosphorylation of NFP is considered an important determinant of filament caliber, plasticity, and stability. This process reflects the function of NFs during the lifetime of a neuron from differentiation in the embryo through long-term activity in the adult until aging and environmental insult leads to pathology and ultimately death. NF function is modulated by phosphorylation-dephosphorylation in each of these diverse neuronal states. In this review, we have summarized some of these properties of NFP in adult nervous tissue, mostly from work in our own laboratory. Identification of sites phosphorylated in vivo in high molecular weight NFP (NF-H) and properties of NF-associated and neural-specific kinases phosphorylating specific sites in NFP are described. A model to explain the role of NF phosphorylation in determining filament caliber, plasticity, and stability is proposed.
GR chaperone cycle mechanism revealed by cryo-EM: the GR-loading complex (2020)

Abstract Maintaining a healthy proteome is fundamental for organism survival1. Integral to this are Hsp90 and Hsp70 molecular chaperones that together facilitate the folding, remodeling and maturation of Hsp90’s many “client” proteins. The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is a model client strictly dependent upon Hsp90/Hsp70 for activity. Chaperoning GR involves a cycle of inactivation by Hsp70, formation of an inactive GR:Hsp90:Hsp70:Hop “loading” complex, conversion to an active GR:Hsp90:p23 “maturation” complex, and subsequent GR release. Unfortunately, a molecular understanding of this intricate chaperone cycle is lacking for any client. Here, we report the cryo-EM structure of the GR loading complex, in which Hsp70 loads GR onto Hsp90, revealing the molecular basis of direct Hsp90/Hsp70 coordination. The structure reveals two Hsp70s––one delivering GR and the other scaffolding Hop. Unexpectedly, the Hop cochaperone interacts with all components of the complex including GR, poising Hsp90 for subsequent ATP hydrolysis. GR is partially unfolded and recognized via an extended binding pocket composed of Hsp90, Hsp70 and Hop, revealing the mechanism of GR loading and inactivation. Together with the GR maturation complex (Noddings et al., 2020), we present the first complete molecular mechanism of chaperone-dependent client remodeling, establishing general principles of client recognition, inhibition, transfer and activation.
Complement activation and release of interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-α in drained and systemic blood after major orthopaedic surgery (2002)

Complement activation and IL-6 release after surgical trauma differ significantly in local and systemic blood samples. Conclusions based only on systemic findings may be limited.
Energy harvesting using a PZT ceramic multilayer stack (2013)

In this paper, the interdisciplinary energy harvesting issues on piezoelectric energy harvesting were investigated using a '33' mode (mechanical stress and/or electric field are in parallel to the polarization direction) lead zirconate titanate multilayer piezoelectric stack (PZT-Stack). Key energy harvesting characteristics including the generated electrical energy/power in the PZT-Stack, the mechanical to electrical energy conversion efficiency, the power delivered from the PZT-Stack to a resistive load, the electrical charge/energy transferred from the PZT-Stack to a super-capacitor were systematically addressed. Theoretical models for power generation and delivery to a resistive load were proposed and experimentally affirmed. In a quasi-static regime, 70% generated electrical powers were delivered to matched resistive loads. A 35% mechanical to electrical energy conversion efficiency, which is more than 4 times higher than other reports, for the PZT-Stack had been obtained. The generated electrical power and power density were significantly higher than those from a similar weight and size cantilever-type piezoelectric harvester in both resonance and off-resonance modes. In addition, our study indicated that the capacitance and piezoelectric coefficient of the PZT-Stack were strongly dependent on the dynamic stress.
Performance analysis of MCM systems (1997)

When a new interconnection technology is developed, it is of interest to accurately characterize its electrical features from a system's perspective and evaluate its possible application areas and boundary limits. Accurate design models can then be extracted and used for a correct design and implementation of electronic systems. This paper describes a case study used to characterize a five-layer thin-film multichip module (MCM) technology developed for high speed digital applications. The high frequency characterization of the substrate has been combined with the electrical models of the input/output (I/O) buffers of a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology to accurately analyze the signal propagation with a network simulation tool. A test chip and MCM module have been developed to evaluate how the maximum system frequency is influenced by different quantities such as line length, type of driver or noise. Experimental results, showing a good match with simulations, demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach. It is also shown how it is possible to take advantage of some apparently limiting features of thin-film MCM's to actually improve the system performance.
Intracranial angioplasty without stenting for symptomatic atherosclerotic stenosis: long-term follow-up. (2005)

Results of long-term follow-up suggest that intracranial angioplasty without stent placement reduces the risk of further stroke in symptomatic patients.
Preparation and Reactivity of O2-Sulfonated Diazeniumdiolates (2002)

We report the facile preparation of O2-sulfonated diazeniumdiolates and mechanistic investigation of their reactions with representative nucleophiles. This new class of compounds extends the range of O2-substituted diazeniumdiolates available for potential applications in research and medicine.
Neural Decoding of Hand Motion Using a Linear State-Space Model With Hidden States (2009)

The Kalman filter has been proposed as a model to decode neural activity measured from the motor cortex in order to obtain real-time estimates of hand motion in behavioral neurophysiological experiments. However, currently used linear state-space models underlying the Kalman filter do not take into account other behavioral states such as muscular activity or the subject's level of attention, which are often unobservable during experiments but may play important roles in characterizing neural controlled hand movement. To address this issue, we depict these unknown states as one multidimensional hidden state in the linear state-space framework. This new model assumes that the observed neural firing rate is directly related to this hidden state. The dynamics of the hand state are also allowed to impact the dynamics of the hidden state, and vice versa. The parameters in the model can be identified by a conventional expectation-maximization algorithm. Since this model still uses the linear Gaussian framework, hand-state decoding can be performed by the efficient Kalman filter algorithm. Experimental results show that this new model provides a more appropriate representation of the neural data and generates more accurate decoding. Furthermore, we have used recently developed computationally efficient methods by incorporating a priori information of the targets of the reaching movement. Our results show that the hidden-state model with target-conditioning further improves decoding accuracy.
<title>Complexity and PSNR comparison of several fast motion estimation algorithms for MPEG-4</title> (1998)

A complexity and visual quality analysis of several fast motion estimation (ME) algorithms for the emerging MPEG-4 standard was performed as a basis for HW/SW partitioning for VLSI implementation of a portable multimedia terminal. While the computational complexity for the ME of previously standardized video coding schemes was predictable over time, the support of arbitrarily shaped visual objects (VO), various coding options within MPEG-4 as well as content dependent complexity (caused e.g. by summation truncation for SAD) introduce now content (and therefore time) dependent computational requirements, which can't be determined analytically. Therefore a new time dependent complexity analysis method, based on statistical analysis of memory access bandwidth, arithmetic and control instruction counts utilized by a real processor, was developed and applied. Fast ME algorithms can be classified into search area subsampling, pel decimation, feature matching, adaptive hierarchical ME and simplified distance criteria. Several specific implementations of algorithms belonging to these classes are compared in terms of complexity and PSNR to ME algorithms for arbitrarily and rectangular shaped VOs. It is shown that the average macroblock (MB) computational complexity per arbitrary shaped P-VOP (video object plane) depicts a significant variation over time for the different motion estimation algorithms. These results indicate that theoretical estimations and the number of MBs per VOP are of limited applicability as approximation for computational complexity over time, which is required e.g. for average system load specification (in contrast to worst case specification), for real-time processor task scheduling, and for Quality of Service guarantees of several VOs.
Development of a Design Tool for Flow Rate Optimization in the Tata Swach Water Filter (2014)

When developing a first-generation product, an iterative approach often yields the shortest time-to-market. In order to optimize its performance, however, a fundamental understanding of the theory governing its operation becomes necessary. This paper details the optimization of the Tata Swach, a consumer water purifier produced for India. The primary objective of the work was to increase flow rate while considering other factors such as cost, manufacturability, and efficacy. A mathematical model of the flow characteristics through the filter was developed. Based on this model, a design tool was created to allow designers to predict flow behavior without prototyping, significantly reducing the necessity of iteration. Sensitivity analysis was used to identify simple ways to increase flow rate as well as potential weak points in the design. Finally, it was demonstrated that maximum flow rate can be increased by 50% by increasing the diameter of a flow-restricting feature while simultaneously increasing the length of the active purification zone. This can be accomplished without significantly affecting cost, manufacturability, and efficacy.
Flumazenil reversal of conscious sedation induced with intravenous fentanyl and diazepam. (1995)

The addition of a benzodiazepine antagonist to the dental anesthesiologist's armamentarium should provide added safety for conscious sedation using benzodiazepines. A double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of flumazenil, the first available benzodiazepine antagonist, was performed to evaluate its safety and efficacy following conscious sedation induced by diazepam and fentanyl. Flumazenil was found to reverse rapidly much of the central nervous system depression induced by fentanyl and diazepam conscious sedation. Flumazenil appears to be a valuable adjunct for dentists who administer intravenous benzodiazepines for conscious sedation.
A method for the stereoselective construction of 4-alkoxy-5-alkylidenecyclopentenones by the tandem ring expansion-functionalization of 1-alkynylcyclobutenols using a palladium-mercury cocatalytic system (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA method for the stereoselective construction of 4-alkoxy-5-alkylidenecyclopentenones by the tandem ring expansion-functionalization of 1-alkynylcyclobutenols using a palladium-mercury cocatalytic systemLanny S. Liebeskind and Agnes BombrunCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 5, 1149–1159Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00084a038https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00084a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views396Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: FIVE‐ AND SIX‐COORDINATE COMPLEXES OF IRON(II) AND ‐(III) WITH A MACROCYCLIC TETRADENTATE LIGAND (1975)

Abstract Der durch Behandlung seines Ni(II)‐Komplexes mit KCN in wäßriger Lösung freigesetzte makrocyclische, vierzähnige N‐Ligand bildet mit wasserfreien F e(II)‐halogeniden in absolutem Äthanol unter Sauerstoffausschluß die in kristallinem Zustand fünffach‐koordinierten Komplexe (Ia).
Aberrant profiles of native and oxidized glycoproteins in Alzheimer plasma (2003)

A proteomic approach was employed to elucidate possible differential expression of native and oxidized glycoproteins using pooled plasma samples derived from ten patients with sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) and pooled plasma samples from nine normal elderly control (NEC) subjects. The plasma samples were fractionated by sequential affinity chromatography on heparin-agarose (HepA) and concanavalin A-agarose (ConA) columns followed by separation on one-dimensional and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gels. Carbonylation (oxidation) of proteins was monitored by in-strip derivatization with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNP) and anti-DNP immunoblotting. Nine spots representing glycoproteins which showed enrichment or high specific oxidation indices in AD HepA-ConA 2-D gels relative to NEC samples were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption-time of flight-mass spectrometry and identified with high probability (p < 0.001) as isoforms of human transferrin (Tf), hemopexin (Hpx) and alpha-1-antitrypsin (alpha-1-AT). These glycoproteins were concentrated, respectively, 5-, 6.5- and 107-fold in HepA-ConA eluates derived from AD plasma relative to the NEC samples. Specific oxidation indices of the identified Tf and Hpx isoforms in AD plasma were respectively, 7.4 and 2.8 relative to NEC. Our findings provide further evidence for systemic derangements in heme/iron/redox homeostasis and activation of the acute phase response in sporadic AD. Moreover, the data implicate isoforms of Tf, Hpx and alpha-1-AT as potential biological markers of this condition.
Ultrasound-induced transcutaneous transport for drug delivery and diagnostics (1998)

In spite of major research and development efforts in transdermal systems and the many advantages of the transdermal route, impermeability of the human skin is still a major problem that limits the usefulness of the transdermal drug delivery approach. Application of ultrasound induces temporary structural changes in the skin resulting in enhanced transdermal transport of molecules (sonophoresis). Experimental findings suggest that among all the ultrasound-related phenomena evaluated, cavitation plays the dominant role in sonophoresis, suggesting that application of low-frequency ultrasound should enhance transdermal transport more effectively. It was found that at the low ultrasound frequencies high molecular weight molecules including insulin, interferon, and erythropoietin can be transported through the skin. Recently it was shown that the enhanced skin permeability during sonophoresis also facilitates outward diffusion of glucose present in the interstitial fluids beneath the skin. The in vitro as well as in vivo experiments show that the amounts of glucose extracted by sonophoresis are proportional to the blood glucose concentrations. Furthermore, the amount of glucose extracted by ultrasound can be measured and used to predict temporal changes in the blood glucose levels. These results demonstrate the feasibility of developing a noninvasive method of drug delivery and diagnostics using ultrasound.
Matrix metalloproteinase-2 governs lymphatic vessel formation as an interstitial collagenase (2012)

Lymphatic dysfunctions are associated with several human diseases, including lymphedema and metastatic spread of cancer. Although it is well recognized that lymphatic capillaries attach directly to interstitial matrix mainly composed of fibrillar type I collagen, the interactions occurring between lymphatics and their surrounding matrix have been overlooked. In this study, we demonstrate how matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 drives lymphatic morphogenesis through Mmp2-gene ablation in mice, mmp2 knockdown in zebrafish and in 3D-culture systems, and through MMP2 inhibition. In all models used in vivo (3 murine models and thoracic duct development in zebrafish) and in vitro (lymphatic ring and spheroid assays), MMP2 blockage or down-regulation leads to reduced lymphangiogenesis or altered vessel branching. Our data show that lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC) migration through collagen fibers is affected by physical matrix constraints (matrix composition, density, and cross-linking). Transmission electron microscopy and confocal reflection microscopy using DQ-collagen highlight the contribution of MMP2 to mesenchymal-like migration of LECs associated with collagen fiber remodeling. Our findings provide new mechanistic insight into how LECs negotiate an interstitial type I collagen barrier and reveal an unexpected MMP2-driven collagenolytic pathway for lymphatic vessel formation and morphogenesis.
Provably unbreakable hyper-encryption in the limited access model (2005)

Encryption is a fundamental building block for computer and communications technologies. Existing encryption methods depend for their security on unproven assumptions. We propose a new model, the limited access model for enabling a simple and practical provably unbreakable encryption scheme. A voluntary network of tens of thousands of computers each maintain and update random pages, and act as page server nodes. A sender and receiver share a random key K. They use K to randomly select the same PSNs and download the same random pages. These are employed in groups of say 30 pages to extract one time pads common to S and R. Under reasonable assumptions of an adversary's inability to monitor all PSNs, and easy ways for S and R to evade monitoring while downloading pages, hyper encryption is clearly unbreakable. The system has been completely implemented
Chiral recognition in the gas phase: Mass spectrometric studies of diastereomeric cobalt complexes (1994)

Results of mass analyzed ion kinetic energy (MIKE) spectra and kinetic energy release (KER) measurements of diastereomeric octahedral cobalt complexes indicate that these diastereomers can be distinguished in the gas phase. Four alkyl tartrate esters were complexed to cobalt trisacetylacetonate (Co(acac)3) in the presence of a chiral auxiliary, RR- and SS-threohydrobenzoin. Different KER values of the product ion generated from [Co(acac)2/D- or L-diisopropyl tartrate](+) reflect differences in the precursor ion structure. The dissociation pathway resulting in this product ion is believed to arise via a hydride transfer from the acetylacetonate ligand to the metal center with subsequent loss of neutral organic species. It has been established that two conditions are necessary for observation of chiral recognition in this system; (1) the cobalt complex must be octahedral and (2) a chemical kinetic resolving agent must be present during formation of the complex.
Recent Progress in the Synthesis of Naturally Occurring Triterpenoid Saponins (2009)

This short review describes the recently reported semi- and total syntheses of naturally occurring triterpenoid saponins. Accent is placed on natural monodesmosidic and bidesmosidic saponins of the oleanane- and lupane-type that possess potent pharmacological properties including cytotoxic and antitumor activities. Keywords: Natural products, Saponins, Triterpenes, Chemical synthesis, Cytotoxic, Anticancer