gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An integrated carbon dioxide sensor based on ratiometric thermal-conductivity measurement (2015)

This paper reports a CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> sensor intended for indoor air-quality sensing. Both the thermal-conductivity-based CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> transducer and its readout circuit have been realized in 0.16μm CMOS technology. The readout circuit, based on an incremental ΔΣ ADC, employs ratiometric measurements to circumvent the need for a stable power reference. The sensor achieves 228ppm (1σ) CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> resolution in a 70s measurement time, while consuming 11.2mW from a 1.8V supply. This resolution is 2x better than that of state-of-the-art thermal-conductivity-based CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> sensors, thus facilitating the realization of fully-integrated CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> sensors for air-quality monitoring, and a significant reduction in their cost (>10x) and volume (>100x) compared with the non-integrated CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> sensors.
Ketone body metabolism in normal and diabetic human skeletal muscle (1985)

Although the liver is considered the major source of ketone bodies (KB) in humans, these compounds may also be formed by nonhepatic tissues. To study this aspect further, 3-[14C]hydroxybutyrate (BOH) or [3-14C]acetoacetate (AcAc) were constantly infused after a priming dose and contemporaneous arterial and venous samples were taken at splanchnic, heart, kidney, and leg sites in eight normal subjects (N) undergoing diagnostic catheterization and at the forearm site in five normal and six ketotic diabetic (D) subjects. After 70 min of infusion, tracer and tracee levels of AcAc and BOH reached a steady state in the artery and vein in both normal and diabetic subjects. The venous-arterial (V-A) difference at the forearm step for cold KB was negligible both in normal and diabetic subjects, whereas for labeled KB it was approximately 10-fold higher in diabetic subjects (V-A AcAc, -31 +/- 7 and -270 +/- 34 dpm/ml in N and D, respectively; V-A BOH, -38 +/- 6 and -344 +/- 126 dpm/ml in N and D, respectively). We assumed that the V-A difference in tracer concentration was consistent with dilution of the tracer by newly synthesized tracee inside the muscle and calculated that the forearm muscle produces KB at a rate of 16.2 +/- 3.3 mumol/min in D and 0.9 +/- 0.9 mumol/min in N. These findings can be accounted for by the hypothesis that the disappearance flux of KB from circulation was replaced by an equivalent flux of KB entering the vein at the muscle step in D but not in N. Moreover, in N KB were not only produced but also utilized by the splanchnic area (39 +/- 9 mumol/min).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Treatment of the metabolic syndrome by siRNA targeting apolipoprotein CIII (2022)

Apolipoprotein CIII (apoCIII) is increased in obesity-induced insulin resistance and type-2 diabetes. Emerging evidences support the advantages of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to target disease-causing genes. The aim of this study was to develop siRNAs for in vivo silencing of apoCIII and investigate if this results in metabolic improvements comparable to what we have seen using antisense oligonucelotides against apoCIII. Twenty-four siRNAs were synthesized and tested in a dual luciferase reporter assay. The eight best were selected, based on knockdown at 20 nM, and of these, two were selected based on IC<sub>50</sub> values. In vivo experiments were performed in ob/ob mice, an obese animal model for diabetes. To determine the dose-dependency, efficacy, duration of effect and therapeutic dose we used a short protocol giving the apoCIII-siRNA mix for three days. To evaluate long-term metabolic effects mice were treated for three days, every second week for eight weeks. The siRNA mix effectively and selectively reduced expression of apoCIII in liver in vivo. Treatment had to be repeated every two weeks to maintain a suppression of apoCIII. The reduction of apoCIII resulted in increased LPL activity, lower triglycerides, reduced liver fat, ceased weight gain, enhanced insulin sensitivity, and improved glucose homeostasis. No off-target or side effects were observed during the eight-week treatment period. These results suggest that in vivo silencing of apoCIII with siRNA, is a promising approach with the potential to be used in the battle against obesity-induced metabolic disorders.
All-optical WDM-to-TDM conversion with total capacity of 33 Gb/s for WDM network links (1997)

We demonstrate all-optical WDM-to-TDM conversion in a switching node with a total throughput of 33 Gb/s. This is the highest throughput ever reported using a low timing jitter monolithic mode-locked semiconductor laser and a nonlinear optical loop mirror. The NOLM serves as an N/spl times/1 wavelength converter and the node has a unified output wavelength at 1554 nm. Wavelength-to-time-domain conversion using the node is simulated by inputting two data channels each at 1 Gb/s. This scheme is proposed to serve as an interface between independent high capacity WDM networks to avoid the limitations imposed by the optical bandwidth and unequal gain of EDFAs in optical networking and to minimize the deleterious effect of fiber nonlinearities during transmissions. The switching node for multiwavelength operation based on the wavelength dependence of the switching characteristics of the NOLM is also evaluated.
Not for its own sake: knowledge as a byproduct of natural language processing (1996)

Recent claims in the literature as well as current research trends suggest that a long-held goal of natural language processing, the ability to map automatically from machine readable dictionaries into structured knowledge bases that can be used for various artificial intelligence tasks may be impossible. This paper argues to the contrary, describing an extremely large and rich lexical knowledge base which has been created almost as a byproduct of ordinary morphological, syntactic and semantic processing within a broad-coverage NLP system. This approach to mapping between text and knowledge representation appears to offer the only viable hope for creating knowledge bases large and rich enough to support complex tasks like machine understanding and domain-independent reasoning.
FullMonte: a framework for high-performance Monte Carlo simulation of light through turbid media with complex geometry (2013)

Emerging clinical applications including bioluminescence imaging require fast and accurate modelling of light propagation through turbid media with complex geometries. Monte Carlo simulations are widely recognized as the standard for high-quality modelling of light propagation in turbid media, albeit with high computational requirements. We present FullMonte: a flexible, extensible software framework for Monte Carlo modelling of light transport from extended sources through general 3D turbid media including anisotropic scattering and refractive index changes. The problem geometry is expressed using a tetrahedral mesh, giving accurate surface normals and avoiding artifacts introduced by voxel approaches. The software uses multithreading, Intel SSE vector instructions, and optimized data structures. It incorporates novel hardware-friendly performance optimizations that are also useful for software implementations. Results and performance are compared against existing implementations. We present a discussion of current state-of-the-art algorithms and accelerated implementations of the modelling problem. A new parameter permitting accuracy-performance tradeoffs is also shown which has significant implications including performance gains of over 25% for real applications. The advantages and limitations of both CPU and GPU implementations are discussed, with observations important to future advances. We also point the way towards custom hardware implementations with potentially large gains in performance and energy efficiency.
Supporting front crawl swimming in paraplegics using electrical stimulation: a feasibility study (2020)

Stimulation-assisted swimming seems to be a promising new form of hybrid exercise for SCI people. It is safe to use with reusable silicone electrodes and can be performed independently by experienced paraplegic swimmers except for transfer to water. The study results indicate that swimming speed can be increased by the proposed methods and spasticity can be reduced by prolonged swim sessions with tSCS and FES. The combination of stimulation with hydrotherapy might be a promising therapy for neurologic rehabilitation in incomplete SCI, stroke or multiples sclerosis patients. Therefore, further studies shall incorporate other neurologic disorders and investigate the potential benefits of FES and tSCS therapy in the water for gait and balance.
A Comparison of Traditional Textbook and Interactive Computer Learning of Neuromuscular Block (1997)

We designed an educational software package, RELAX, for teaching first-year anesthesiology residents about the pharmacology and clinical management of neuromuscular blockade. The software uses an interactive, problem-based approach and moves the user through cases in an operating room environment. It can be run on personal computers with Microsoft Windows[TM] (Microsoft Corp., Redmond, WA) and combines video, graphics, and text with mouse-driven user input. We utilized test scores 1) to determine whether our software was beneficial to the educational progress of anesthesiology residents and 2) to compare computer-based learning with textbook learning. Twenty-three residents were divided into two groups matched for age and sex, and a pretest was administered to all 23 residents. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the pretest scores of the two groups. Three weeks later, both groups were subjected to an educational intervention: one with our computer software and the other with selected textbooks. Both groups took a posttest immediately after the intervention. The test scores of the computer group improved significantly more (P < 0.05) than those of the textbook group. Although prior to the study the two groups showed no statistical difference in their familiarity with computers, the computer group reported much higher satisfaction with their learning experience than did the textbook group (P < 0.0001). (Anesth Analg 1997;84:657-61)
DNA packing in the filamentous viruses fd, Xf, Pfl and Pf3 (1982)

Spectral data for filamentous viruses in the presence and absence of Ag+, together with other parameters, indicate that the DNA structures in two of the viruses, fd and Xf, are similar to each other but that these differ from two quite unusual and different DNA structures in Pf1 and Pf3.
Evidence-based Chinese Medicine Clinical Practice Guideline for Stroke in Hong Kong (2020)

The target population is Hong Kong stroke patients with prodrome or sequela stage. This CPG is intended to help standardizing CM clinical practice and enhancing efficiency of clinical service in Hong Kong.
Observation of Triplet Exciton Formation in a Platinum-Sensitized Organic Photovoltaic Device (2010)

Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) constitute a promising new technology due to their low production costs. However, OPV efficiencies remain low because excitons typically diffuse only ∼5-20 nm during their lifetime, limiting the effective thickness of the light-absorbing layer. One strategy to improve OPVs is to increase exciton lifetimes by converting them into triplet states, which typically persist 10(3)-10(5) times longer than singlet excitons. We present femtosecond transient absorption and steady-state photovoltaic measurements of a model OPV system consisting of diphenyltetracene (DPT) films doped with platinum tetraphenylbenzoporphyrin (Pt(TPBP)). Photoexcitation of Pt(TPBP) creates a singlet excitation that rapidly intersystem crosses to a triplet state before transferring to the DPT host matrix. This transfer is rapid and efficient, occurring in 35 ps with an 85% conversion ratio of porphyrin singlets to DPT triplets. These triplet excitons lead to enhanced photocurrent response that increases with device thickness.
Fabrication of the YBCO Films Made by TFA-MOD Using the 211-Process (2007)

YBCO films were fabricated using TFA-MOD method with a precursor solution of and powders dissolved in trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) (the so called "211-film"). The effect of the calcining temperature on the phase formation, texture evolution, and thermal and critical properties were investigated. The microstructure and critical current density of the 211-film varied significantly with the calcining temperature. The highest of 1.9 (corresponding critical current is 39 A/cm-width) was obtained for the film calcined at 460, which is probably due to the enhanced degree of texture and increased film density and grain size. In addition, the microstructure and properties of the 211-films were compared with those of the film made using the conventional TFA-MOD method with the precursor of the acetates being dissolved in TFA. The of the 211-film was higher than that produced by the conventional TFA-MOD method. TG, DTA, pole-figure, and SEM analyses indicated that the higher was due to the improved microstructure resulting from the enhanced reaction kinetics in the 211-film.
Supplementary Table 4 from Human Melanoma Metastases Demonstrate Nonstochastic Site-Specific Antigen Heterogeneity That Correlates with T-cell Infiltration (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 51K, Pairwise comparison of antigen expression by individual anatomic site cluster. Shown are p value results of Cochran-Armitage test for trend. p &lt;0.005 considered significant (bold, underlined), p &lt;0.05-0.005 considered a trend (bold).&lt;/p&gt;
Supplement from Voxel Forecast for Precision Oncology: Predicting Spatially Variant and Multiscale Cancer Therapy Response on Longitudinal Quantitative Molecular Imaging (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Complete methodological description of the Voxel Forecast modeling framework and benchmarking simulations.&lt;/p&gt;
Antitumor and modeling studies of a penetratin-peptide that targets E2F-1 in small cell lung cancer (2013)

E2F-1, a key transcription factor necessary for cell growth, DNA repair, and differentiation, is an attractive target for development of anticancer drugs in tumors that are E2F "oncogene addicted". We identified a peptide isolated from phage clones that bound tightly to the E2F-1 promoter consensus sequence. The peptide was coupled to penetratin to enhance cellular uptake. Modeling of the penetratin-peptide (PEP) binding to the DNA E2F-1 promoter demonstrated favorable interactions that also involved the participation of most of the penetratin sequence. The penetratin-peptide (PEP) demonstrated potent in vitro cytotoxic effects against a range of cancer cell lines, particularly against Burkitt lymphoma cells and small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells. Further studies in the H-69 SCLC cell line showed that the PEP inhibited transcription of E2F-1 and also several important E2F-regulated enzymes involved in DNA synthesis, namely, thymidylate synthase, thymidine kinase, and ribonucleotide reductase. As the PEP was found to be relatively unstable in serum, it was encapsulated in PEGylated liposomes for in vivo studies. Treatment of mice bearing the human small cell lung carcinoma H-69 with the PEP encapsulated in PEGylated liposomes (PL-PEP) caused tumor regression without significant toxicity. The liposome encapsulated PEP has promise as an antitumor agent, alone or in combination with inhibitors of DNA synthesis.
Theoretical Background (2009)

Because the processes in the scramjet engines are governed by a mixture of fluids in motion undergoing chemical reactions, the fluid mechanics conservation equations along with transport properties and chemical kinetics must be solved simultaneously. This chapter treats the governing equations with distinction between field equations, also called conservation laws and constitutive equations; the one-dimensional (1D) flow simplification, which is often used when some fundamental processes in a scramjet engine are described, is also included. Equilibrium chemistry and the departure from equilibrium follow.
Efficient Resolution of (.+‐.)‐1‐(9‐Anthryl)ethylamine. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Interpretable Credit Application Predictions With Counterfactual Explanations (2018)

International audience
Supplementary Figure 4 from Yes-Associated Protein 1 Is Activated and Functions as an Oncogene in Meningiomas (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 114K, YAP1 overexpression promotes in vitro cell proliferation of meningioma cells&lt;/p&gt;
Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of 2,4,5-Triaryl-imidazole; A Novel Thermally Induced N-Hydroxyimidazole N−O Bond Cleavage (2004)

[reaction: see text] 2,4,5-Triaryl-imidazoles were synthesized directly from the keto-oxime in moderate to good yields via cyclization to the N-hydroxyimidazole and an unprecedented in situ thermal reduction of the N-O bond upon microwave irradiation at 200 degrees C for 20 min.
TNP-470, AN ANGIOGENESIS INHIBITOR, INTERRUPTS THE DEVELOPMENT OF GRAFT ARTERIOSCLEROSIS IN A RAT CARDIAC MODEL OF CHRONIC ALLOGRAFT REJECTION (1999)

884 We have previously found neovascularization within the aortic intimal lesions of graft arteriosclerosis. However the function of angiogenesis in lesion formation is not known. We speculate that angiogenesis facilitates the development of intimal proliferation by facilitating mononuclear cell recruitment and provision of growth factors In this study we assessed the effects of a well established angiogenesis inhibitor (TNP-470) on graft survival and development of graft arteriosclerosis in the Lew into F344 rat heterotopic cardiac transplant model. Control F344 recipients of Lew donor cardiac grafts are treated with low dose cyclosporin A for 30 days. Allografts surviving beyond 100 days exhibit significant graft arteriosclerosis. The following groups were established: Group 1 (n=6): CsA (5mg/kg/d s.c.) for 30 days post transplant (control group); Group 2 (n=10): CsA (5mg/kg/d s.c.) and TNP-470 (20mg/Kg s.c 3x/wk) for 30 days post transplant ("prevention" protocol); and Group 3 (n=6): CsA (5mg/kg/d s.c.) for 30 days post transplant followed by TNP-470 (20mg/kg s.c 3x/wk) until cardiac allografts were harvested ("interruption" protocol). Allografts were harvested following cessation of palpable heart beat or at day 120. Allografts were fixed in formalin, sectioned and stained with Verhoeffs elastin stain for arteriosclerosis scoring. Arteriosclerosis scoring was performed using a standard grading system (score 0 to 5). We find that prolonged administration of TNP-470 (group 3) significantly reduced graft arteriosclerosis compared to the control group 1 (mean score 0.96±0.14 vs 2.16±0.58; p<0.05). In contrast, an early post-operative 30 day course of TNP-470 (group 2) did not inhibit graft arteriosclerosis (mean score 2.3±0.33). We further find that there was a trend to improved graft survival in TNP-470 treated animals. We propose that the ability of TNP-470 to interrupt the development of graft arteriosclerosis in this model is a direct consequence of inhibiting neovascularization within the vessel intima or alternatively TNP-470 could have a direct immunosuppressive effect. Indeed, we find that TNP-470 is a potent inhibitor of the rat mixed lymphocyte reaction (IC50 0.1-1ug/ml). Furthermore, in vivo we find that TNP-470 prolongs graft survival in the WF to LEW model of acute cardiac allograft rejection. Animals in the TNP-470 treatment group (20mg/kg s.c 3x/wk) had a mean graft survival of 14 days vs 7 days in controls (p<0.01). When Grafts were routinely harvested on day 5 control grafts showed significantly worse tissue necrosis, hemmorrhage and infiltrates than TNP-470 treated allografts. Furthermore, splenocytes isolated from TNP-470 treated animals exhibit significantly reduced cytotoxic activity than splenocytes from controls. TNP-470 attenuates graft arteriosclerosis in a rat model of chronic cadriac allograft rejection. We speculate that TNP-470 functions through combined anti-angiogeneic and immunosuppressive properties.
A Pheromone-Guided Mobile Robot that Behaves like a Silkworm Moth with Living Antennae as Pheromone Sensors (1998)

In this paper, the pheromone-oriented behavior of moths will be demonstrated by synthesis with biosensors and a small mobile robot that is controlled by recurrent neural networks. Since antennae on a silkworm moth are very sensitive as compared to conventional arti ficial gas sensors, they can be used as living gas sensors that detect pheromone molecules. A simple recurrent artificial neural network was used to control pheromone-tracing behavior in the manner of a living male silkworm moth. This neural network generates mothlike behavior while interacting with the environment. The turning behav ior, in particular, is a suitable tactic for small intelligence when a robot misses pheromone molecules. Our neural network is so simple that it can be very easily used as the controlling devices for micro- robots, which have a small amount of space for intelligence. Our robot is a hybrid system that combines living organisms and artificial machines, and is therefore a new type of robot. This approach has the advantage of a real-world experiment with biosensors instead of computer simulation. The difference between the real world and the simulation conditions yields a discrepancy in results. An additional discrepancy is generated by the sensor model. Therefore, real-world experiments with living antennae may provide a fascinating interface between computer simulation and neuroethology.
Dose Prediction Model for Duodenum Sparing With a Biodegradable Hydrogel Spacer for Pancreatic Cancer Radiation Therapy (2018)

Our model may predict which patients require placement of a hydrogel spacer before stereotactic body radiation therapy to meet predefined dose constraints. Furthermore, by predicting the required target hydrogel thickness, the spacer injection can be better guided to improve efficacy.