gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<span class="aps-inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>α</mi><mo>−</mo><mi>ε</mi></math></span> transition pathway of iron under quasihydrostatic pressure conditions (2014)

We have carefully investigated the $\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\epsilon}$ transition pathway of iron under quasihydrostatic pressures. For this purpose, combined measurements of extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism at the Fe $K$ edge were performed using a helium pressure-transmitting medium. Collapse of the ferromagnetism simultaneously occurs with the $\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\epsilon}$ structural transition, which is in contrast to the scenario that the transition is driven by the pressure-induced instability of the ferromagnetism in $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ phase of iron. We conclude that shear stress is important to initiate the $\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\epsilon}$ transition. Our model to fit the EXAFS profile demonstrates that the local atomic arrangement in $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$ phase is slightly distorted due to unfinished shuffle motion, whereas shear motion finishes at the beginning of the transition.
Convolution engine (2013)

This paper focuses on the trade-off between flexibility and efficiency in specialized computing. We observe that specialized units achieve most of their efficiency gains by tuning data storage and compute structures and their connectivity to the data-flow and data-locality patterns in the kernels. Hence, by identifying key data-flow patterns used in a domain, we can create efficient engines that can be programmed and reused across a wide range of applications.
Game theory in the death galaxy: interaction of cancer and stromal cells in tumour microenvironment (2014)

Preventing relapse is the major challenge to effective therapy in cancer. Within the tumour, stromal (ST) cells play an important role in cancer progression and the emergence of drug resistance. During cancer treatment, the fitness of cancer cells can be enhanced by ST cells because their molecular signalling interaction delays the drug-induced apoptosis of cancer cells. On the other hand, competition among cancer and ST cells for space or resources should not be ignored. We explore the population dynamics of multiple myeloma (MM) versus bone marrow ST cells by using an experimental microecology that we call the death galaxy, with a stable drug gradient and connected microhabitats. Evolutionary game theory is a quantitative way to capture the frequency-dependent nature of interactive populations. Therefore, we use evolutionary game theory to model the populations in the death galaxy with the gradients of pay-offs and successfully predict the future densities of MM and ST cells. We discuss the possible clinical use of such analysis for predicting cancer progression.
Modeling of correlated large scale channel parameters for system level simulations of mobile radio networks (2012)

Modern evaluation methodologies for system level simulations of mobile radio networks (e.g., [1]) support modeling systems with multiple simultaneously operating base stations and mobile devices where accurate simulation of multi-user MIMO and other space-time signal processing techniques should be provided. To be able to predict realistic performance, such models introduce a number of channel parameters with complex auto- and cross-correlation properties. Particularly, such models include a set of large-scale parameters (tap delay spread, angular spreads of rays at the base station and mobile station sides, shadow fading, etc.) being cross-correlated as well as auto-correlated in the spatial domain (across the deployment area) with different correlation functions. This paper is devoted to a method for accurate generation of correlated channel parameters during a simulation based on filtering of the parameters defined in the nodes of a spatial grid. The proposed method combines formal mathematical exactness at least in the asymptotic case and a much lower computational complexity in comparison with existing solutions [2]. Method description, analytical derivation, implementation details and verification by numerical simulations for an exemplary deployment scenario are provided in the paper. The described method may be recommended for application in system level simulators for 3G and 4G mobile radio access networks such as WCDMA HSPA, IEEE 802.16m, LTE-A.
The Role of Drilled Formation in Filter Cake Properties Utilizing Different Weighting Materials (2021)

The filter cake formed during a filtration process plays a vital role in the success of a drilling operation. There are several factors affecting the filter cake build-up such as drilled formation, drilling fluid properties, and well pressure and temperature. The collective impact of these two factors (i.e., formation and the drilling fluid) on the filter cake build-up needs to be fully investigated. In this study, two types of formations represented as limestone and sandstone were used with different weighting materials to assess and compare their impact on the filter cake properties, filtration behavior, and solid invasion. The used weighting materials are manganese tetroxide, ilmenite, barite, and hematite. The filter cake was formed under a temperature of 200 °F and differential pressure of 300 psi. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was employed to explore the pore structure of the used core samples. The results showed that the properties (i.e., shape and dimensions) of the different weighting materials are the dominant factors compared to the formation characteristics in most of the investigated filter cake properties. Nevertheless, the formation properties, namely, the permeability and pore structure, have a somehow higher contribution when it comes to the filter cake porosity and thickness. For solid invasion, there were no clear results about the main factor contributing to this issue.
Low PAPR DM-RS Design for 5G Systems Operating in High Frequency Bands (2019)

3GPP 5G New Radio (NR) wireless access technology will support communication at bands ranging from sub GHz to millimeter wave. For communication at millimeter wave, e.g., at 60 GHz, the transmitted signal experiences severe attenuation, due to outdoor-to-indoor penetration, oxygen absorption, etc., significantly degrading the link budget performance of the NR system. In order to achieve good coverage for NR systems, operating at all bands, it is important to ensure the support of power efficient waveforms for physical channels carrying data and reference signals. Demodulation reference signals (DM-RS) are used in 5G NR systems to assist receivers in estimation of the wireless channel for subsequent coherent processing of the corresponding received data on the physical channel. In this paper, we propose a novel design of DM-RS that achieves channel estimation performance similar to NR Release 15 DM-RS, while providing higher power efficiency. The proposed DM-RS design in conjunction with power efficient waveforms for physical channel can thus be used to enhance coverage of NR systems operating at higher carrier frequency ranges of millimeter wave bands, e.g. 60 GHz. We corroborate our claims via computer simulations.
Reproductive Benefits Associated with the use of ECP in Postpartum Dairy Cattle (2000)

Use of estradiol cypionate (ECP) in postpartum dairy cattle currently receives much attention. The majority of ECP use is occurring in fresh cows either as an attempt to prevent uterine infection or as a part of a regime to treat cows with metritis or endometritis. Clinical data supporting the use of ECP in fresh cows has not been published. The object of this trial was to assess the reproductive benefits of using ECP in early postpartum dairy cows.
CFD modelling of partially baffled agitated vessels with free surfaces (2006)

Whilst the use of CFD to study mixing vessels is now commonplace,there are still many specialised aplications that are yet to be adressed. Here we present CDF and PIV results for a partially baffled vessel with a free surface. we show that there are significant transient effects that mean many of the "rules of thumb" that have been developed for fully-baffled vessels must be revisited. In particular such flows have central vortices that are unsteady and complex transient flow structures generated by the impeller-baffle interactions.
IgG Subclass‐Associated Differences in Anti‐Schistosomal Antibody Specificity (1994)

Consecutive sera from before and after treatment were collected from 23 patients with a Schistosoma mansoni infection, seven of whom had an early infection. All sera were analysed for IgG1, IgG3 and IgG4 antibody activity against three peptides from the protein Sm 28 GST (24-43, 115-131 and 140-153 aa). In addition, sera from 14 patients, four with an early infection and 10 patients with a chronic infection, were analysed for IgG and IgA antibody activity using seven peptides derived from the protein Sm 28 GST. This molecule has previously demonstrated protective activity against infection in various experimental models. The results are indicative of a subclass-related epitope specificity of the antibodies. Moreover, reactivity to one of the peptides (158-175 aa) was significantly associated with a chronic infectious status.
Evolution of dc conductivity of silica-based capacitors under electro-thermal poling. (2022)

Abstract not provided.
A Multistep Continuous-Flow System for Rapid On-Demand Synthesis of Receptor Ligands (2009)

A multistep continuous-flow system for synthesis of receptor ligands by assembly of three variable building blocks in a single unbroken flow is described. The sequence consists of three reactions and two scavenger steps, where a Cbz-protected diamine is reacted with an isocyanate, deprotected, and reacted further with an alkylating agent.
Structure sensitive selectivity of the NO-CO reaction over rhodium single crystal catalysts (1995)

The control of automotive emissions of nitrogen oxides (NO{sub x}) in passenger cars is accomplished by a heavy reliance on after-treatment of the engine exhaust using catalytic converters that contain a mixture of platinum (Pt), rhodium (Rh), and sometimes palladium (Pd). In this paper we examine the effect of surface structure on the NO-CO activity and selectivity by comparing the reactivity of Rh(110) and Rh(111) single crystal catalysts. Selectivity for the two possible nitrogen containing products from NO reduction, N{sub 2}O and N{sub 2}, is particularly interesting. Here we report that the selectivity of the NO-CO reaction is quite sensitive to the structure of the Rh catalyst metal surface. (A more complete description of these studies will be published elsewhere.) The more open Rh(110) surface tends to make significantly less N{sub 2}O than Rh(111) under virtually all conditions that we probed with these experiments. Furthermore, under the conditions used in this study, the NO-CO activity over Rh(110), as measured by the rate of NO loss, is somewhat faster than over Rh(111) with a lower apparent activation energy (Ea), 27.6 vs. 35.4 kcal/mol. We attribute these results to the greater tendency of the more open (110) surface to dissociate NO. Notably, more facile NO dissociation on Rh(110) would lead to greater steady-state concentrations of adsorbed N-atoms; thus, the (110) surface favors N-atom recombination over the surface reaction between adsorbed NO and N-atoms to make N{sub 2}O. In support of this, post-reaction surface analysis shows only NO on the Rh(111) surface while the Rh(110) surface contains predominantly N-atoms and much lower concentrations of adsorbed NO. NO dissociation on Rh(110) is more favorable than on Rh(111), in part, because it is less-severely poisoned by high surface concentrations of NO. In addition, the more-open (110) surface may be intrinsically more active for the elementary process of dissociating adsorbed NO.
Evaluation of NanoLuc substrates for bioluminescence imaging of transferred cells in mice (2021)

NanoLuc luciferase recently gained popularity due to its small size and superior bioluminescence performance. For in vivo imaging applications, NanoLuc has been limited by its substrate furimazine, which has low solubility and bioavailability. Herein, we compared the performances of recently reported NanoLuc luciferase substrates for in vivo imaging in mice. Two substrates with improved aqueous solubility, hydrofurimazine and fluorofurimazine, were evaluated along with three stabilized O-acetylated furimazine analogues, the hikarazines. All 5 analogues, when tested in vitro, displayed greater signal intensity and reaction duration, in comparison to the standard NanoLuc substrate, furimazine. The two best-performing analogues from the in vitro study were selected for further in vivo testing. The NanoLuc/fluorofurimazine pair demonstrated the highest bioluminescence intensity, post intravenous administration. It was found to be around 9-fold brighter compared to the NanoLuc/furimazine and 11-fold more intense than the NanoLuc/hikarazine-003 pair, with an average of 3-fold higher light emission when the substrate was injected intraperitoneally, in a subcutaneous model. Excitingly, despite the fact that NanoLuc/fluorofurimazine emits mostly blue light, we prove that cells trapped in mice lungs vasculature could be visualised via the NanoLuc/fluorofurimazine pair and compare the results to the AkaLuc/AkaLumine system. Therefore, among the tested analogues, fluorofurimazine enables higher substrate loading and improved optical imaging sensitivity in small animals, upgrading the use of NanoLuc derived bioluminescent systems for deep tissue imaging.
Suppression of nucleation during crystallization of amorphous thin Si films (1991)

The ability to selectively suppress crystal nucleation during the crystallization of amorphous Si films is often desirable, but is not generally possible. We demonstrate that a periodic two-step process−involving intermediate temperature ion irradiation followed by high-temperature isothermal annealing−can suppress nucleation in amorphous regions without destroying existing crystals or inhibiting crystal growth. When interpreted in the context of transient nucleation theory, our results indicate that the size distribution of critical and subcritical-sized clusters is modified by exposure to intermediate temperature high-energy ion irradiation. The reduction in the population of critical-sized clusters, which presumably occurs via an interfacial amorphization process, in turn leads to a prolonged incubation period in the subsequent thermal annealing step during which nucleation is negligible but crystal growth is substantial.
Phase-transparent optical data exchange of 40 Gbit/s differential phase-shift keying signals (2010)

We report the phase-transparent optical data exchange of differential phase-shift keying (DPSK) signals by exploiting the parametric depletion of nondegenerate four-wave mixing (FWM) in a highly nonlinear fiber. Theoretical analyses of nondegenerate FWM involving two signals and two pumps are presented. Analytical solutions are derived, indicating the exchange condition and the feasibility of phase-transparent data exchange. Optical data exchange between 10.7 Gbit/s non-return-to-zero DPSK (NRZ-DPSK) and return-to-zero DPSK signals is implemented with a power penalty of approximately 1.5 dB at a bit-error rate (BER) of 10(-9). Moreover, we demonstrate phase-transparent optical data exchange between two 40 Gbit/s NRZ-DPSK signals with a power penalty of approximately 4.5 dB at a BER of 10(-9).
Correlation between ferroelectricity and ferroelectric orthorhombic phase of HfxZr1−xO2 thin films using synchrotron x-ray analysis (2021)

The change in the interplanar spacing (d-spacing) including the ferroelectric orthorhombic (O) phase in the low-temperature fabricated HfxZr1−xO2 (HZO) films was studied using synchrotron grazing-incidence wide-angle x-ray scattering analysis. The 10-nm-thick HZO films were fabricated by thermal and plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (TH- and PE-ALD) methods using H2O gas and O2 plasma as oxidants, respectively, and a post-metallization annealing (PMA) was performed at 300–400 °C. The d-spacing of the mixture of (111)-, (101)-, and (111)-planes of O, tetragonal (T), and cubic (C) phases, respectively, for the TH- and PE-ALD HZO films increased up to 2.99 Å with an increase in PMA temperature, while the d-spacing estimated by conventional x-ray diffraction was 2.92 Å regardless of the PMA temperature. The remanent polarization (2Pr = Pr+ − Pr−) of the HZO films increased as the PMA temperature increased. It is clear that the 2Pr value satisfied a linear relationship as a function of the d-spacing of O(111)/T(101)/C(111) phases. Furthermore, the wake-up effect was found to depend on the ferroelectric O phase formation. The wake-up effect was significantly reduced in both the TH- and PE-ALD HZO films after the PMA at 400 °C due to the increase in the ferroelectric O phase formation. The leakage current density (J)–electric field properties of the PE-ALD HZO film with the lowest d-spacing were divided into three steps, such as low, middle, and large J values, in the wake-up (103 cycles), pristine (100 cycle), and fatigue (107 cycles) states, respectively. Therefore, an analysis of the ferroelectric O phase is very important for understanding the ferroelectricity including endurance.
Quantization and Compressive Sensing (2014)

Quantization is an essential step in digitizing signals, and, therefore, an indispensable component of any modern acquisition system. This book chapter explores the interaction of quantization and compressive sensing and examines practical quantization strategies for compressive acquisition systems. Specifically, we first provide a brief overview of quantization and examine fundamental performance bounds applicable to any quantization approach. Next, we consider several forms of scalar quantizers, namely uniform, non-uniform, and 1-bit. We provide performance bounds and fundamental analysis, as well as practical quantizer designs and reconstruction algorithms that account for quantization. Furthermore, we provide an overview of Sigma-Delta ($ΣΔ$) quantization in the compressed sensing context, and also discuss implementation issues, recovery algorithms and performance bounds. As we demonstrate, proper accounting for quantization and careful quantizer design has significant impact in the performance of a compressive acquisition system.
Hybrid A–B–A type nanowires through cation exchange (2011)

Hybrid A–B–A type nanowires (NWs) with Ag5Te3–HgTe–Ag5Te3 composition have been created by the reaction of Hg2+ with Ag2Te NWs. The NW morphology of Ag2Te is preserved upon reaction with minor changes and the two separate phases formed are spatially separated within the same NW. The reaction of Hg2+ with Ag2Te NWs was monitored at different concentrations and the reactivity was attributed to cationic exchange depending on solubility products. Hybrid NWs were formed by partial cation exchange only at low concentrations (below 50 ppm) resulting in Ag5Te3 and HgTe within the same NW. However, at high concentrations (above 100 ppm), the HgTe phase alone was formed. These studies have been extended to other metal ions such as Pb2+, Cd2+, and Zn2+ whose reactivity towards Ag2Te NWs is different from that of Hg2+. These ions form a passivating Te oxide layer upon reaction with other metal ions. The mechanism of reactivity of Hg2+ is explained on the basis of free energy of formation of the ionic solid. Phase transition of Hg2+-reacted NWs occurs at a lower temperature than the parent (Ag2Te NWs) and other metal ions-reacted Ag2Te NWs. Details of the process were elucidated using microscopic and spectroscopic investigations. The physical and chemical properties of the individual components within a NW are expected to provide a novel functionality to the metal chalcogenide systems.
The lin-15 locus encodes two negative regulators of Caenorhabditis elegans vulval development. (1994)

During Caenorhabditis elegans vulval development, an inductive signal from the anchor cell stimulates three of the six vulval precursor cells (VPCs) to adopt vulval rather than nonvulval epidermal fates. Genes necessary for this induction include the lin-3 growth factor, the let-23 receptor tyrosine kinase, and let-60 ras. lin-15 is a negative regulator of this inductive pathway. In lin-15 mutant animals, all six VPCs adopt vulval fates, even in the absence of inductive signal. Previous genetic studies suggested that lin-15 is a complex locus with two independently mutable activities, A and B. We have cloned the lin-15 locus by germline transformation and find that it encodes two nonoverlapping transcripts that are transcribed in the same direction. The downstream transcript encodes the lin-15A function; the upstream transcript encodes the lin-15B function. The predicted lin-15A and lin-15B proteins are novel and hydrophilic. We have identified a molecular null allele of lin-15 and have used it to analyze the role of lin-15 in the signaling pathway. We find that lin-15 acts upstream of let-23 and in parallel to the inductive signal.
Applying data mining methods to tourist loyalty intentions in the international tourist hotel sector (2015)

Hotels can contribute to visitor satisfaction at a destination (Presbury, Fitzgerald, & Chapman, 2005). Furthermore, the quality of service received at hotels has been identified as a potential att...
The Significance of Serologic, Histologic, and Immunohistologic Findings in the Prognosis of 88 Asymptomatic Carriers of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (1981)

Eighty-eight asymptomatic carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) were followed with biochemical, serologic, histologic, and immunohistologic studies over a period of four years. None of the 78 HBsAg carriers with normal or minimally changed liver tissue, antibody to hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) in serum, and no intranuclear hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) developed a chronic inflammatory liver disease. Four individuals lost circulatory HBsAg, and at least two individuals terminated their HBsAg carrier state. Seven asymptomatic HBsAg carriers with chronic hepatitis were characterized by HBeAg in serum and intranuclear HBcAg. However, three HBsAg carriers with chronic hepatitis and an absence of intrahepatocellular HBcAg were positive for antibody to HBeAg over the observation period. The mechanism that leads to chronic hepatitis in these patients remains to be determined.
Conservation laws for partially coherent free fields (1993)

Very good approximations to many optical fields are provided by free fields, i.e., fields that do not contain any evanescent waves. New conservation laws are derived for partially coherent fields of this kind, propagating into a half-space. It is found that the cross-spectral density, integrated over either the average or the difference of spatial coordinates in any cross section of the field, is invariant on propagation. It is also shown that, as a consequence of these conservation laws, both the spectrum and the so-called antispectrum of the field, integrated over cross-sectional planes, are conserved. The new conservation laws are illustrated by application to Gaussian Schell-model beams.