gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fast-scanning dispersion-adjustable reference delay for OCT using fiber Bragg gratings (2003)

We report on the use of two matched linearly chirped fiber Bragg grating (FBG) in the reference arm of a Michelson interferometer as a means to achieve variable optical delay. We demonstrate that the properties of a linearly chirped FBG can be exploited to achieve millimeters of optical delay with physical stretches of the FBG on the order of tens of microns; this allows for optical delay line configurations that are easily driven by piezo-electric actuators.
Identification of Variant-Specific Surface Proteins in Giardia muris Trophozoites (2005)

Giardia lamblia undergoes antigenic variation, a process that might allow the parasite to evade the host's immune response and adapt to different environments. Here we show that Giardia muris, a related species that naturally infects rodents, possesses multiple variant-specific surface proteins (VSPs) and expresses VSPs on its surface, suggesting that it undergoes antigenic variation similar to that of G. lamblia.
A comparison of polymer and polymer–hydroxyapatite composite tissue engineered scaffolds for use in bone regeneration. An in vitro and in vivo study (2013)

Previous in vitro work demonstrated porous PLA and PLGA both had the mechanical strength and sustained the excellent skeletal stem cell (SSC) growth required of an osteogenic bonegraft substitute, for use in impaction bone grafting. The purpose of this investigation was to assess the effects of the addition of hydroxyapatite (HA) to the scaffolds before clinical translation. PLA, PLA+10% HA, PLGA, and PLGA+10% HA were milled and impacted into discs before undergoing a standardized shear test. Cellular compatibility analysis followed 14 days incubation with human skeletal stems cells (SSC). The best two performing polymers were taken forward for in vivo analysis. SSC seeded polymer discs were implanted subcutaneously in mice. All polymers had superior mechanical shear strength compared with allograft (p < 0.01). Excellent SSC survival was demonstrated on all polymers, but the PLA polymers showed enhanced osteoblastic activity (ALP assay p < 0.01) and collagen-1 formation. In vivo analysis was performed on PLA and PLA+10% HA. MicroCT analysis revealed increased bone formation on the PLA HA (p < 0.01), and excellent neo-vessel formation in both samples. Histology confirmed evidence of de novo bone formation. PLA HA showed both enhanced osteoinductive and osteogenic capacity. This polymer composite has been selected for scaled-up experimentation before clinical translation.
Blood-Brain Glucose Transfer In Diabetes Mellitus: Decreased Number of Glucose Transporters at Blood-Brain Barrier (1986)

This study describes the effects of streptozocin (STZ)-induced diabetes mellitus on the glucose-transporter system of the rat blood-brain barrier. Subcellular membrane fractions, i.e., plasma membranes and high- and low-density microsomes, were prepared from isolated brain microvessels derived from control and diabetic animals. The number of glucose transporters in each of the membrane fractions from both control and diabetic animals was determined by the D-glucose-inhibitable cytochalasin B-binding assay. The total number of glucose transporters was decreased by 43% in STZ-treated rats compared with controls (35 vs. 115 pmol/mg protein; P less than .05). The glucose-transporter number in plasma membranes was decreased by 50%, in high-density microsomes by 38%, and in low-density microsomes by 45%. Incubation of isolated microvessels from control animals with 7 microM insulin for 30 min at 37 degrees C led to a cycloheximide-sensitive 27% increase (P less than .05) in the number of transporters in high-density microsomes. This insulin effect was significantly diminished to 15% in the diabetic animals (P less than .05). In conclusion, STZ-induced diabetes decreases the glucose-transporter number in all subcellular membrane fractions derived from isolated rat brain microvessels, and the insulin-induced increase in de novo synthesis of glucose transporters in brain microvessels is diminished in these chronically diabetic animals.
The Role of CD80, CD86, and CTLA4 in Alloimmune Responses and the Induction of Long-Term Allograft Survival (1999)

Blocking the interaction of the CD28 costimulatory receptor with its ligands, CD80 and CD86, inhibits in vivo immune responses, such as allograft rejection, and in some instances induces tolerance. Previously, we found that CTLA4Ig, which blocks the CD28/CTLA-4 (CD152) ligands CD80 and CD86, can be used to induce transplantation tolerance to vascularized allografts. Recent data suggest that an intact CD152-negative signaling pathway is essential for induction of tolerance to nominal Ags. Here, we show that blockade of CD152 using an anti-CD152 mAb at the time of transplantation prevents the induction of long-term allograft survival by agents that target CD80 and CD86. In contrast, CD152 signals are not required for the maintenance of established graft survival. We also report for the first time that blockade of CD86 alone can induce long-term graft survival. This requires that anti-CD86 mAb is given on the day of transplantation and also depends upon an intact CD152 pathway. This result, plus experiments using CD80-deficient mice, suggests a dominant role for CD80 molecules on donor cells as the relevant ligand for CD152. We additionally find that blockade of CD152 at the time of transplantation does not interfere with the effectiveness of anti-CD154 mAbs, suggesting distinct mechanisms for inhibition of graft rejection by blocking the CD28 vs CD154 pathways.
Atrial fibrillation in Brugada syndrome: Current perspectives (2020)

The incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in Brugada syndrome (BrS) has been reported at between 9% and 53% by different series, but the true prevalence is unknown. However, AF may be the presenting feature in some patients. The underlying mechanisms for AF may be a combination of multiple factors, genetic or acquired, that may impact upon autonomic function, atrial structure, and conduction velocities or other unknown factors. The presence of AF has been associated with a more malignant course, with a greater incidence of syncope and ventricular arrhythmias, thus acting as marker of more advanced disease. Regarding the management of patients with AF, antiarrhythmic drugs effective in preventing malignant arrhythmias in BrS such as quinidine or invasive treatment with pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) may be useful in AF treatment. In this review, we aim to present the current perspectives regarding the genetics, pathophysiology, management, and prognosis of AF in patients with BrS.
Picking vs. Guessing Secrets: A Game-Theoretic Analysis (Technical Report) (2015)

Choosing a hard-to-guess secret is a prerequisite in many security applications. Whether it is a password for user authentication or a secret key for a cryptographic primitive, picking it requires the user to trade-off usability costs with resistance against an adversary: a simple password is easier to remember but is also easier to guess; likewise, a shorter cryptographic key may require fewer computational and storage resources but it is also easier to attack. A fundamental question is how one can optimally resolve this trade-off. A big challenge is the fact that an adversary can also utilize the knowledge of such usability vs. security trade-offs to strengthen its attack. In this paper, we propose a game-theoretic framework for analyzing the optimal trade-offs in the face of strategic adversaries. We consider two types of adversaries: those limited in their number of tries, and those that are ruled by the cost of making individual guesses. For each type, we derive the mutually-optimal decisions as Nash Equilibria, the strategically pessimistic decisions as maximin, and optimal commitments as Strong Stackelberg Equilibria of the game. We establish that when the adversaries are faced with a capped number of guesses, the user's optimal trade-off is a uniform randomization over a subset of the secret domain. On the other hand, when the attacker strategy is ruled by the cost of making individual guesses, Nash Equilibria may completely fail to provide the user with any level of security, signifying the crucial role of credible commitment for such cases. We illustrate our results using numerical examples based on real-world samples and discuss some policy implications of our work.
Photogenerated acid-catalyzed formation of phosphonic/phosphoric acids by deprotection of esters (1994)

A new class of photodefinable polymers based on phosphonic acid esters has been developed. Photogenerated acid catalysts convert the esters to phosphonic acids in the exposed regions of films during post-exposure bake. Those phosphonic acids, in addition to providing the base-solubility necessary for positive-tone development, are also uniquely capable of binding metal ions and cations from solution. Preliminary lithographic evaluations indicate that these polymers generally show high contrast (approximately 10), good sensitivity, low volume loss (&lt; 15 percent) and the potential for submicron resolution. More importantly, the patterned deposition of refractory metal ions has also been demonstrated which could be useful for at-the- surface imaging and circuit fabrication applications.
Postoperative radiation therapy vs observation for pN1 oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (2019)

In pN1 OCSCC without other adverse features, the size of the LN metastases may predict benefit from PORT, whereas the adequacy of the neck dissection may not.
Evaluation of approximate analytical solutions for EMI scattering from finite objects of different shapes and properties (2003)

UWB electromagnetic induction (EMI) sensing, from 10s of Hz up to 100s of kHz, is emerging as one of the most promising remote sensing technologies for discrimination of subsurface metallic objects. Progress is urgently needed to distinguish dangerous objects, such as unexploded ordnance, from innocuous clutter. Development of EMI signal calibration, interpretation, processing, and inversion have all been impeded by the lack of rigorous, reliable analytical solutions for any scatterer shape other than the sphere. Here we test a number of new approximate solutions and determine that most canonical geometries and common, homogeneous material compositions can be treated adequately by the simple formulations proposed.
Uptake of CO2, SO2, HNO3 and HCl on Calcite (CaCO3) at 300 K:  Mechanism and the Role of Adsorbed Water (2006)

All experimental observations of the uptake of the four title compounds on calcite are consistent with the presence of a reactive bifunctional surface intermediate Ca(OH)(HCO3) that has been proposed in the literature. The uptake of CO2 and SO2 occurs on specific adsorption sites of crystalline CaCO3(s) rather than by dissolution in adsorbed water, H2O(ads). SO2 primarily interacts with the bicarbonate moiety whereas CO2, HNO3 and HCl all react first with the hydroxyl group of the surface intermediate. Subsequently, the latter two react with the bicarbonate group to presumably form Ca(NO3)2 and CaCl2.2H2O. The effective equilibrium constant of the interaction of CO2 with calcite in the presence of H2O(ads) is kappa = deltaCO2/(H2O(ads)[CO2]) = 1.62 x 10(3) bar(-1), where CO2 is the quantity of CO2 adsorbed on CaCO3. The reaction mechanism involves a weakly bound precursor species that is reversibly adsorbed and undergoes rate-controlling concurrent reactions with both functionalities of the surface intermediate. The initial uptake coefficients gamma0 on calcite powder depend on the abundance of H2O(ads) under the present experimental conditions and are on the order of 10(-4) for CO2 and 0.1 for SO2, HNO3 and HCl, with gamma(ss) being significantly smaller than gamma0 for HNO3 and HCl, thus indicating partial saturation of the uptake. At 33% relative humidity and 300 K there are 3.5 layers of H2O adsorbed on calcite that reduce to a fraction of a monolayer of weakly and strongly bound water upon pumping and/or heating.
Constraints (1985)

A constraint is a relation among program variables that is maintained throughout execution. Type declarations and a very general form of aliasing can be expressed as constraints. A proof system based upon the interpretation of Hoare triples as temporal logic formulas is given for reasoning about programs with constraints. The proof system is shown to be sound and relatively complete, and example program proofs are given.
Allergen immunotherapy with the hypoallergenic B‐cell epitope‐based vaccine BM32 modifies IL‐10‐ and IL‐5‐secreting T cells (2019)

Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Suture locking of isolated internal locking knotless suture anchors is not affected by bone quality (2015)

In osteopenic bone, knotless suture anchors that have an internal locking mechanism (isolated or combined type) may be advantageous for secure tendon fixation to bone.
Human disease-causing NOG missense mutations: Effects on noggin secretion, dimer formation, and bone morphogenetic protein binding (2001)

Secreted noggin protein regulates bone morphogenetic protein activity during development. In mice, a complete loss of noggin protein leads to multiple malformations including joint fusion, whereas mice heterozygous for Nog loss-of-function mutations are normal. In humans, heterozygous NOG missense mutations have been found in patients with two autosomal dominant disorders of joint development, multiple synostosis syndrome (SYNS1) and a milder disorder proximal symphalangism (SYM1). This study investigated the effect of one SYNS1 and two SYM1 disease-causing missense mutations on the structure and function of noggin. The SYNS1 mutation abolished, and the SYM1 mutations reduced, the secretion of functional noggin dimers in transiently transfected COS-7 cells. Coexpression of mutant noggin with wild-type noggin, to resemble the heterozygous state, did not interfere with wild-type noggin secretion. These data indicate that the human disease-causing mutations are hypomorphic alleles that reduce secretion of functional dimeric noggin. Therefore, we conclude that noggin has both species-specific and joint-specific dosage-dependent roles during joint formation. Surprisingly, in contrast to the COS-7 cell studies, the SYNS1 mutant was able to form dimers in Xenopus laevis oocytes. This finding indicates that there also exist species-specific differences in the ability to process mutant noggin polypeptides.
Protein Array Profiling of Tic Patient Sera Reveals a Broad Range and Enhanced Immune Response against Group A Streptococcus Antigens (2009)

The human pathogen Group A Streptococcus (Streptococcus pyogenes, GAS) is widely recognized as a major cause of common pharyngitis as well as of severe invasive diseases and non-suppurative sequelae associated with the existence of GAS antigens eliciting host autoantibodies. It has been proposed that a subset of paediatric disorders characterized by tics and obsessive-compulsive symptoms would exacerbate in association with relapses of GAS-associated pharyngitis. This hypothesis is however still controversial. In the attempt to shed light on the contribution of GAS infections to the onset of neuropsychiatric or behavioral disorders affecting as many as 3% of children and adolescents, we tested the antibody response of tic patient sera to a representative panel of GAS antigens. In particular, 102 recombinant proteins were spotted on nitrocellulose-coated glass slides and probed against 61 sera collected from young patients with typical tic neuropsychiatric symptoms but with no overt GAS infection. Sera from 35 children with neither tic disorder nor overt GAS infection were also analyzed. The protein recognition patterns of these two sera groups were compared with those obtained using 239 sera from children with GAS-associated pharyngitis. This comparative analysis identified 25 antigens recognized by sera of the three patient groups and 21 antigens recognized by tic and pharyngitis sera, but poorly or not recognized by sera from children without tic. Interestingly, these antigens appeared to be, in quantitative terms, more immunogenic in tic than in pharyngitis patients. Additionally, a third group of antigens appeared to be preferentially and specifically recognized by tic sera. These findings provide the first evidence that tic patient sera exhibit immunological profiles typical of individuals who elicited a broad, specific and strong immune response against GAS. This may be relevant in the context of one of the hypothesis proposing that GAS antigen-dependent induction of autoantibodies in susceptible individuals may be involved the occurrence of tic disorders.
ISOLATION OF LECANORIC ACID, AN INHIBITOR OF HISTIDINE DECARBOXYLASE FROM A FUNGUS (1974)

A method of determining histidine decarboxylase activity was established. Inthis method, 14C-histamine was separated from 14C-histidine by Amberlite CG-resincolumn in the ammonium form. Lecanoric acid was obtained by screening histidine-decarboxylaseinhibitors produced by microorganisms. It is the first isolation of thiscompound from fungi. The inhibition by lecanoric acid was competitive with histidineand noncompetitive with pyridoxal phosphate. Lecanoric acid did not inhibitaromatic amino acid decarboxylase. Though lecanoric acid was hydrolyzed easilyboth in vivo and in vitro, its structure yielded an information useful in developinghistidine decarboxylase inhibitors of a new structural type.
Multiplexed control of spin quantum memories in a photonic circuit (2022)

A central goal in many quantum information processing applications is a network of quantum memories that can be entangled with each other while being individually controlled and measured with high fidelity. This goal has motivated the development of programmable photonic integrated circuits (PICs) with integrated spin quantum memories using diamond color center spin-photon interfaces. However, this approach introduces a challenge in the microwave control of individual spins within closely packed registers. Here, we present a quantum-memory-integrated photonics platform capable of (i) the integration of multiple diamond color center spins into a cryogenically compatible, high-speed programmable PIC platform; (ii) selective manipulation of individual spin qubits addressed via tunable magnetic field gradients; and (iii) simultaneous control of multiple qubits using numerically optimized microwave pulse shaping. The combination of localized optical control, enabled by the PIC platform, together with selective spin manipulation opens the path to scalable quantum networks on intra-chip and inter-chip platforms.
Optical performance monitoring for reconfigurable optical networks (2008)

Optical performance monitoring might play a crucial role in enabling self-managed and reconfigurable high-performance optical networks. We will explore key motivating networking issues as well as potential monitoring techniques.
Hexagonal gradient scheme with RF spoiling improves spoiling performance for high‐flip‐angle fast gradient echo imaging (2016)

A time-varying gradient spoiler scheme that works with RF spoiling, called "hexagonal spoiling," has been presented and found to offer improved spoiling over the traditional constant spoiling gradient. Magn Reson Med 77:1231-1237, 2017. © 2016 The Authors Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Millimeter-Wave CMOS Phased-Array Transceivers for 5G and Beyond (2022)

This work first discusses the future directions of millimeter-wave wireless communication, based on Shannon and Friis equations. Afterward, 28-GHz and 39-GHz phased-array transceivers realized by 65nm CMOS technology are introduced, which are designed for 5G and beyond. The 28GHz phased- array transceiver is designed based on a neutralized bi-directional technique. The required chip area for the element transceiver is reduced to half. A cross-pol. leakage canceller is also implemented along with the transceiver to suppress the crosspol. leakage. Therefore, the dual-polarized 28-GHz phased-array module is capable to improve the wireless data with dual- polarized MIMO (DP-MIMO) configuration even under severe polarization coupling and rotation conditions. The measured DP-MIMO EVMs are 3.4% in both 64-QAM and 256-QAM. The 8-element 39GHz phased-array transceiver is also designed based on the compact bi-directional architecture. The Doherty technique is utilized in TX mode to increase the power efficiency at power backoff region. A 64-element transmitter array realizes a saturated output EIRP of 55.2dBm. To improve the phased- array performance under digital pre-distortion (DPD), an inter- element mismatch compensation technique is further employed. By utilizing the proposed mismatch compensation, the measured 64-QAM OFDMA-mode EVM and ACLR with the shared-look- up-table (shared-LUT) DPD are improved from -22.4dB to - 25.0dB and from -28.7dBc to -32.1dBc, respectively.
WEF/WERF study of BNR plants achieving very low N and P limits: evaluation of technology performance and process reliability (2012)

The Water Environment Research Foundation (WERF) funded a two-year comprehensive study of nutrient removal plants designed and operated to meet very low effluent total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations. WERF worked with the Water Environment Federation (WEF) to solicit participation of volunteers and provide a forum for information exchange at workshops at its annual conferences. Both existing and new technologies are being adapted to meet requirements that are as low as 3.0 mg/L TN and 0.1 mg/L TP, and there is a need to define their capabilities and reliabilities in the real world situation of wastewater treatment plants. A concern over very low daily permits for ammonia caused the work to be extended to include nitrification reliability. This effort focused on maximizing what can be learned from existing technologies in order to provide a database that will inform key decision makers about proper choices for both technologies and rationale bases for statistical permit writing. To this end, managers of 22 plants, 10 achieving low effluent TP, nine achieving low effluent TN, and three achieving low effluent NH(3)-N, provided three years of operational data that were analyzed using a consistent statistical approach. Technology Performance Statistics (TPSs) were developed as three separate values representing the ideal, median, and reliably achievable performance. Technological conclusions can be drawn from the study in terms of what can be learned by comparing the different nutrient removal and nitrification processes employed at these 22 plants.
Demonstration of High Brightness and Reliability at 20 W from a 976 nm, 150 µm Emitter Width Laser Diode (2021)

We show operation at 20W of a 150 µm, 976 nm chip with beam parameter product 5.5 mm.mrad designed for application in a 200 W, 130 µm fiber laser pump, NA<0.18. With accelerated life test data we predict MTTF of 172khrs operation at this power.