gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tough, natural-fibre composites based upon epoxy matrices (2015)

Flax fibres and cellulose fibres were used to manufacture composites with particle-modified epoxy matrices in order to develop ‘green’ composites which possess relatively high values of interlaminar fracture energy, G c. The flax used had a unidirectional architecture of continuous yarns spun from short, interlocked fibres. The regenerated cellulose consisted of continuous and non-twisted pure cellulose fibres in a plain-woven architecture. The natural-fibre-reinforced-polymer (NFRP) composites employed an anhydride-cured diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A epoxy as the matrix. The epoxy polymeric matrix was modified with (a) silica nanoparticles, (b) rubber microparticles, and (c) a combination of both of these types of particles to give a hybrid-toughened epoxy matrix. The composites were manufactured via a resin infusion under flexible-tooling (RIFT) process. Preliminary studies on the NFRP composites manufactured using the initial-RIFT process clearly showed the deleterious effect that moisture present in the natural fibres had upon the properties of the NFRP composites, since the trapped water cannot escape from the composite panel. Hence, an optimised-RIFT process was developed whereby the natural fibres were dried in a fan oven prior to being employed in the RIFT process. This reduced the water content of the fibres from around 9 to 10 wt% to about 1 wt%. Significant improvements in the physical and mechanical properties were recorded for the NFRP composites manufactured using this optimised-RIFT process. Indeed, in particular, very dramatic improvements in the G c of the NFRP composites were measured, especially when the epoxy polymeric matrix was modified using the silica nanoparticles and/or rubber microparticles. For example, a steady-state propagation value of G c of about 1935 J/m2 was measured for the flax–fibre composite with the hybrid epoxy matrix, compared to values of 1110 and 535 J/m2 for the flax–fibre and glass–fibre composites based on the unmodified (i.e., the ‘control’) epoxy matrix, respectively.
Intelligent virtual machine placement for cost efficiency in geo-distributed cloud systems (2013)

An important challenge of running large-scale cloud services in a geo-distributed cloud system is to minimize the overall operating cost. The operating cost of such a system includes two major components: electricity cost and wide-area-network (WAN) communication cost. While the WAN communication cost is minimized when all virtual machines (VMs) are placed in one datacenter, the high workload at one location requires extra power for cooling facility and results in worse power usage effectiveness (PUE). In this paper, we develop a model to capture the intrinsic trade-off between electricity and WAN communication costs, and formulate the optimal VM placement problem, which is NP-hard due to its binary and quadratic nature. While exhaustive search is not feasible for large-scale scenarios, heuristics which only minimize one of the two cost terms yield less optimized results. We propose a cost-aware two-phase metaheuristic algorithm, Cut-and-Search, that approximates the best trade-off point between the two cost terms. We evaluate Cut-and-Search by simulating it over multiple cloud service patterns. The results show that the operating cost has great potential of improvement via optimal VM placement. Cut-and-Search achieves a highly optimized trade-off point within reasonable computation time, and outperforms random placement by 50%, and the partial-optimizing heuristics by 10-20%.
Investigating the dependency of an induction machine's main inductance on the torque building current component using FEM (2008)

According to several papers, the main flux path of an induction machine is saturated not only due to the magnetizing current. Measurements and related parameter estimations show the influence of the torque building current component on the magnetization curves. The paper at hand presents 2D FEM calculations carried out in order to support and possibly verify the experimental investigations by means of a numerical approach. The outcome of the FEM calculations shows a high level of agreement with the results obtained by measurement.
Targeting Energy Metabolism in Mycobacterium tuberculosis , a New Paradigm in Antimycobacterial Drug Discovery (2017)

ABSTRACT Drug-resistant mycobacterial infections are a serious global health challenge, leading to high mortality and socioeconomic burdens in developing countries worldwide. New innovative approaches, from identification of new targets to discovery of novel chemical scaffolds, are urgently needed. Recently, energy metabolism in mycobacteria, in particular the oxidative phosphorylation pathway, has emerged as an object of intense microbiological investigation and as a novel target pathway in drug discovery. New classes of antibacterials interfering with elements of the oxidative phosphorylation pathway are highly active in combating dormant or latent mycobacterial infections, with a promise of shortening tuberculosis chemotherapy. The regulatory approval of the ATP synthase inhibitor bedaquiline and the discovery of Q203, a candidate drug targeting the cytochrome bc 1 complex, have highlighted the central importance of this new target pathway. In this review, we discuss key features and potential applications of inhibiting energy metabolism in our quest for discovering potent novel and sterilizing drug combinations for combating tuberculosis. We believe that the combination of drugs targeting elements of the oxidative phosphorylation pathway can lead to a completely new regimen for drug-susceptible and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.
Technology push-based product planning - future markets for emerging technologies (2013)

Today, companies face increasing competition. While product lifecycles are shortening, a company’s competitiveness is determined by technological know-how and the ability to transform it into successful products – innovations. Generally, innovations arise from technology and market opportunities (technology push, market pull). Especially, emerging technologies are frequently driving forces for disruptive innovations (technology push). This paper presents a method for technology push-based product planning, consolidating our knowledge from numerous technology push projects. The method extends our technology planning concept by implementing iterative foresight/feedback processes between technology and market stages. This allows synchronising technology push and market pull, including all relevant steps from the analysis and anticipation of the current and future technology performance, respectively, to a future-oriented identification of applications. Thus, the most success promising technological advancements can be precisely deduced. This enables the creation of innovation roadmaps, indicating when the identified applications can be manufactured, as required technological advancements will be achieved.
DigiRight: Network of Excellence for a Framework for Policy, Privacy, Security, Trust and Risk Management for Digital Rights Management (2003)

In today's digital world there is an enormous and increasing amount of digital content. In the future world of ambient intelligence, digital content will be ubiquitous and people will interact with it in all areas of their lives, a situation that presents new challenges in the area of Digital Rights Management (DRM). While valuable information products need protection from theft and prying eyes, access to information and the ability to contribute to information products and to share information within communities are also essential to all citizens of the information society. The needs for security and privacy are predominant in such situations. All of this is making DRM crucial. Therefore, we proposed to establish a Network of Excellence for a Framework for Policy, Privacy, Security, Trust and Risk Management for DRM, DigiRight, which will consist of experts from various disciplines and will conduct and guide on-going and future high quality research.
Statistical Mechanics: A Possible Model for Market-based Electric Power Control (2003)

Statistical mechanics provides a useful analog for understanding the behavior of complex adaptive systems, including electric power markets and the power systems they intend to govern. Market-based control is founded on the conjecture that the regulation of complex systems based on price-mediated strategies (e.g., auctions, markets) results in an optimal allocation of resources and emergent optimal system control. This paper discusses the derivation and some illustrative applications of a first-principles model of market-based system dynamics based on strict analogies to statistical mechanics.
Estimating the effect of network element events in a wireless network (2018)

Network events, like outages, are costly events for communication service providers (CSPs) not only because they represent lost revenue but also because of adverse effects suffered by the CSP’s customers. Quantifying the effect of negative events on certain key performance indicators allows the CSP to measure the network resources impacted, to provide data for a more robust revenue assurance process, and to assign appropriate severity to the events. These additional insights may help optimize the resource allocation, ticketing, and troubleshooting response times. This paper presents a novel heuristic algorithm that takes advantage of the daily patterns observed in most key performance indicators of a wireless network and the stability observed in the differences between the original time series and the lagged version. The proposed algorithm uses those differences and the previous actual values to make accurate predictions of time-series traffic volume data that represent the estimated effect of a wireless network event. The performance of the algorithm is compared with that of the state-of-the-art autoregressive, integrated, moving average (ARIMA) model and the results are reported. The proposed algorithm has reduced standard deviation in error percentage by 4.8 percentage points, has no negative bias, and executes 97% faster than the ARIMA model. The algorithm provides an accurate methodology for online or batch network event impact estimation that could potentially be implemented in traditional relational database management systems (SQL) or Big Data environments.
Liquid Crystal-Based Beam Steering Device Development for NASA Applications (2004)

The NASA Computing, Information and Communications Technology (CICT) Program is supporting the development of liquid crystal-based beam steering devices. The device would use inexpensive, light-weight, optical components, and it would have the following capabilities: electronic beam scanning to angles above 1 milliradian, and submicroradian beam pointing accuracy. In order to correct for the imperfections resulting from the space-deployable optics, the technique of wave-front correction would be implemented. Hence, the output beam quality would be maintained. The potential applications could include satellite tracking, near-Earth inter-satellite communications, deep-space communications, and optical phased array systems. The status of the beam steering device development based on the liquid crystal technology and its relationship to prospective NASA mission scenarios will be described.
Topochemical synthesis of cation ordered double perovskite oxynitrides (2017)

Topochemical nitridation in ammonia at moderate temperatures of cation ordered Sr<sub>2</sub>FeWO<sub>6</sub> produces new antiferromagnetic double perovskite oxynitrides Sr<sub>2</sub>FeWO<sub>6-x</sub>N<sub>x</sub> with 0 < x ≤ 1. Nitrogen introduction induces the oxidation of Fe<sup>2+</sup> to Fe<sup>3+</sup> and decreases T<sub>N</sub> from 38 K (x = 0) to 13 K for Sr<sub>2</sub>FeWO<sub>5</sub>N which represents the first example of a double perovskite oxynitride with both high cationic order and nitrogen content. This synthetic approach can be extended to other cation combinations expanding the possibility of new materials in the large group of double perovskites.
IL‐10 Producing CD14low Monocytes Inhibit Lymphocyte‐Dependent Activation of Intestinal Epithelial Cells by Commensal Bacteria (2002)

Intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) activation by non-pathogenic, commensal bacteria was demonstrated to require the presence of immunocompetent cells. In this study, HT-29 and CaCO-2 transwell cultures, reconstituted with CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, CD19+ B cells and CD14high monocytes, were challenged with non-pathogenic Gram negative Escherichia coli and Gram positive lactobacilli. Cytokine expression was analysed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Expression of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin (IL)-8 mRNA in E. coli or L. sakei challenged IEC was promoted by lymphocyte populations predominantly CD4+ T cells, while monocytes failed to mediate an inflammatory cytokine response. The monocyte phenotype and function were further characterised by flow cytometry and mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). During the co-culture with IEC and bacterial stimulated IEC, CD14high peripheral blood monocytes acquired a CD14low CD16low phenotype with reduced expression co-stimulatory (CD80, CD86, CD58) cell surface molecules. Immunosuppressive functions of IEC conditioned CD14low monocytes were demonstrated by the predominant secretion of IL-10 and IL-IRa and their reduced potential to trigger an allogeneic lymphocyte response. In conclusion, IEC contribute to the development of CD14low CD16low monocytes with immunosuppressive function and antagonised a lymphocyte-mediated activation of the intestinal epithelium in response to intestinal and food derived bacteria. These results strengthen the hypothesis that the gut epithelium constitutes an important functional element in the regulation of mucosal immune homeostasis towards commensal bacteria.
Industrial integration of high coherence tunable VECSEL in the NIR and MIR (2014)

Demanding applications such as LIDAR, velocimetry, gas analysis or atomic clock rely on a highly coherent laser. Offering high coherence at high power and flexible wavelength, the GaAs- and Sb-based VECSEL technologies seem to be a well suited path to fulfill the required specifications of demanding applications. Till now, technical and physical knowledge of high power high coherence single frequency compact diode-pumped VECSELs have been developed at IES [1], with low intensity and frequency noise, but this promising technology is still at laboratory stage. The expertise built up in this field allows considering the realization of user-friendly marketable products, with performances that do not exist on the market today at 1 μm and 2.3 μm. Our goal is to develop a single frequency diode-pumped VECSEL, intracavity element free, achieving the desired performances, and to integrate this component into a compact module. The VECSEL prototypes developed in the frame of this work exhibit exciting features compared to diode-pumped solidstate lasers; they combine high power high coherence in a single TEM00 mode emission, free running narrow linewidth with high SMSR, a linear polarization, broadband continuous tunability, and compact design without any movable intracavity elements. All these specifications can be reached thanks to the high finesse cavity of VECSEL technology, associated to ideal homogeneous laser QW gain behavior.
Chemical synthesis and structure proof of a stereoregular linear mannan, poly[.alpha.-(1->6')-anhydro-D-mannopyranose] (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemical synthesis and structure proof of a stereoregular linear mannan, poly[.alpha.-(1->6')-anhydro-D-mannopyranose]Jean Frechet and Conrad SchuerchCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1969, 91, 5, 1161–1164Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01033a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01033a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views199Altmetric-Citations59LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Lewis Acid—Doped Natural Phosphate: New Catalysts for the One‐Pot Synthesis of 3,4‐Dihydropyrimidin‐2(1H)‐one. (2006)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Splicing Determines the Glycosylation State of Ameloblastin (2007)

In developing porcine enamel, the space between enamel rods selectively binds lectins and ameloblastin (Ambn) N-terminal antibodies. We tested the hypothesis that ameloblastin N-terminal cleavage products are glycosylated. Assorted Ambn cleavage products showed positive lectin staining by peanut agglutinin (PNA), Maclura pomifera agglutinin (MPA), and Limulus polyphemus agglutinin (LPA), suggesting the presence of an O-linked glycosylation containing galactose (Gal), N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc), and sialic acid. Edman sequencing of the lectin-positive bands gave the Ambn N-terminal sequence: VPAFPRQPGTXGVASLXLE. The blank cycles for Pro(11) and Ser(17) confirmed that these residues are hydroxylated and phosphorylated, respectively. The O-glycosylation site was determined by Edman sequencing of pronase-digested Ambn, which gave HPPPLPXQPS, indicating that Ser(86) is the site of the O-linked glycosylation. This modification is within the 15-amino-acid segment (73-YEYSLPVHPPPLPSQ-87) deleted by splicing in the mRNA encoding the 380-amino-acid Ambn isoform. We conclude that only the N-terminal Ambn products derived from the 395-Ambn isoform are glycosylated.
Optimal fixed and scalable energy management for wireless networks (2005)

In many devices, wireless network interfaces consume upwards of 30% of scarce portable system energy. Extending the system lifetime by minimizing communication power consumption has therefore become a priority. Conventional energy management techniques focus independently on minimizing the fixed energy consumption of the transceiver circuit or on scalable transmission control. Fixed energy consumption is reduced by maximizing the transceiver shutdown interval. In contrast, variable transmission rate, coding and power can be leveraged to minimize energy costs. These two energy management approaches present a tradeoff in minimizing the overall system energy. For example, variable energy costs are minimized by transmitting at a lower modulation rate and transmission power, but this also shortens the sleep duration thereby increasing fixed energy consumption. We present a methodology for energy-efficient resource allocation across the physical layer, communications layer and link layer. Our methodology is aimed at providing QoS for multiple users with bursty MPEG-4 video over a time-varying channel. We evaluate our scheme by exploiting control knobs of actual RF components over a modified IEEE 802.11 MAC. Our results indicate that the system lifetime is increased by a factor of 2 to 5 compared to the gains of conventional techniques.
P‐ASA Block Injection: A New Palatal Technique to Anesthetize Maxillary Anterior Teeth (1999)

The P-ASA is a new block injection technique that provides anesthesia of the maxillary anterior teeth from a single injection without numbness of the face, lips, and muscles of facial expression. This injection technique prevents distortion of the smile line and enhances restorative procedures that use the lip line as an esthetic reference element.
The development of batch type low pressure spin dryer for water mark-less wafers (2003)

We developed a novel spin dryer, which is equipped with high speed rotation capability and a low pressure N/sub 2/ purging system, to realize a water mark free surface. Water marks which remained on the Si wafer surface were made by chemical reaction of Si, O/sub 2/, and H/sub 2/O during spin drying. In this paper, two experimental approaches: (1) to remove O/sub 2/ from the reaction elements; and (2) to minimize reaction time, were demonstrated. The low pressure, high speed spin dryer with shower rinsing suppressed water marks significantly, i.e. only 500 ppm, compared with that of a conventional one.
4-output Programmable Spin Wave Logic Gate (2021)

To bring Spin Wave (SW) based computing paradigm into practice and develop ultra low power Magnonic circuits and computation platforms, one needs basic logic gates that operate and can be cascaded within the SW domain without requiring back and forth conversion between the SW and voltage domains. To achieve this, SW gates have to possess intrinsic fanout capabilities, be input-output data representation coherent, and reconfigurable. In this paper, we address the first and the last requirements and propose a novel 4-output programmable SW logic. First, we introduce the gate structure and demonstrate that, by adjusting the gate output detection method, it can parallelly evaluate any 4-element subset of the 2-input Boolean function set AND, NAND, OR, NOR, XOR, and XNOR. Furthermore, we adjust the structure such that all its 4 outputs produce SWs with the same energy and demonstrate that it can evaluate Boolean function sets while providing fanout capabilities ranging from 1 to 4. We validate our approach by instantiating and simulating different gate configurations such as 4-output AND/OR, 4-output XOR/XNOR, output energy balanced 4-output AND/OR, and output energy balanced 4-output XOR/XNOR by means of Object Oriented Micromagnetic Framework (OOMMF) simulations. Finally, we evaluate the performance of our proposal in terms of delay and energy consumption and compare it against existing state-of-the-art SW and 16nm CMOS counterparts. The results indicate that for the same functionality, our approach provides 3x and 16x energy reduction, when compared with conventional SW and 16nm CMOS implementations, respectively.
Casein Kinase II Binds to and Phosphorylates Cytoplasmic Dynein (1997)

We have isolated a 27-kDa protein that binds to cytoplasmic dynein. Microsequencing of a 17-amino acid peptide of this polypeptide yielded a sequence which completely matched the predicted sequence of the beta subunit of casein kinase II, a highly conserved serine/threonine kinase. Affinity chromatography using a dynein column indicates that both the alpha and beta subunits of casein kinase II are retained by the column from rat brain cytosol. Although dynactin is also bound to the column, casein kinase II is not a dynactin subunit. Casein kinase II does not co-immunoprecipitate with dynactin, and it binds to a dynein intermediate chain column which has been preblocked with excess p150(Glued), a treatment that inhibits the binding of dynactin from cytosol. Bacterially expressed and purified rat dynein intermediate chain can be phosphorylated by casein kinase II in vitro. Further, native cytoplasmic dynein purified from rat brain can also be phosphorylated by casein kinase II in vitro. We propose that CKII may be involved in the regulation of dynein function possibly by altering its cargo specificity or its ability to interact with dynactin.