gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Utilization of “thiol–ene” photo cross-linkable hole-transporting polymers for solution-processed multilayer organic light-emitting diodes (2014)

Solution-processable hole-transporting layers (HTLs) capable of cross-linking are especially important in solution-processed organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) to achieve multilayer structures with separated charge-transporting layers and emitting layers. In this work, we report the first example of photo cross-linked HTL adopting “thiol–ene” reaction. A new allyl-containing hole-transporting polymer, Allyl-TFB, has been synthesized and characterized by NMR, TGA, DSC, UV-vis spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, etc. The allyl ether moiety successfully participated in thiol–ene photo cross-linking to give cross-linked HTL. The solvent resistance of the cross-linked Allyl-TFB film was evaluated by changing the UV irradiation time from 5 to 240 seconds. In addition to cross-linking, fine patterning of Allyl-TFB with a photo-mask was also demonstrated. To ascertain the usefulness of our new photo cross-linkable HTL system in phosphorescent OLEDs, OLED devices with the configuration of [ITO/PEDOT:PSS/(Allyl-TFB)/26DCzPPy:Ir(mppy)3/TPBi/CsF/Al] were fabricated. There were large differences in device characteristics depending upon the UV irradiation time of HTL, that is to say, the less UV irradiated (30 s) device, Device-1, showed lower operating voltage and higher efficiency than the more UV irradiated (180 s) one, Device-2. This difference in device characteristics originated from the difference in hole-transporting property with UV irradiation time, which was confirmed by hole-only device characterization. Device-1 also showed a better performance than the control device containing no HTL or simple TFB. The maximum luminous efficiency and power efficiency of Device-1 adopting our new cross-linked Allyl-TFB HTL were 31.4 cd A−1 and 21.8 lm W−1, respectively. Based on these results, we expect that this type of thiol–ene photo cross-linking will find various applications in cross-linking and patterning of active organic electronic materials as well as OLED materials.
Employing Boundary Element Approach With Genetic Algorithm to Increase Travel Range of Repulsive Actuators (2022)

The design of repulsive electrostatic actuators having enlarged travel range is achieved by combining the boundary element approach and a genetic algorithm. The boundary element method enables calculating the electrostatic forces without time consuming finite element simulations. Once a static equation that uses a model of effective lumped mass solves the travel ranges, the GA maximizes travel ranges by optimizing the dimensional parameters. The effectiveness of the scheme is demonstrated with extensive experimental results showing the travel ranges of a micro out-of-plane actuator are increased by up to 190%. The developed platform can improve the signal-to-noise ratios and the performance of general multi-electrode systems.
Graphene-incorporated chitosan substrata for adhesion and differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (2013)

A simple method that uses graphene to fabricate nanotopographic substrata was reported for stem cell engineering. Graphene-incorporated chitosan substrata promoted adhesion and differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). In addition, we proposed that nanotopographic cues of the substrata could enhance cell-cell and cell-material interactions for promoting functions of hMSCs.
Organic light emitting devices for illumination (2023)

An organic light emitting device is provided. The device has a plurality of regions, each region having an organic emissive layer adapted to emit a different spectrum of light. The regions in combination emit light suitable for illumination purposes. The area of each region may be selected such that the device is more efficient that an otherwise equivalent device having regions of equal size. The regions may have an aspect ratio of at least about four. All parts of any given region may be driven at the same current.
Inhibitors of Endoplasmic Reticulum α-Glucosidases Potently Suppress Hepatitis C Virus Virion Assembly and Release (2010)

α-Glucosidases I and II are endoplasmic reticulum-resident enzymes that are essential for N-linked glycan processing and subsequent proper folding of glycoproteins. In this report, we first demonstrate that downregulation of the expression of α-glucosidase I, II, or both in Huh7.5 cells by small hairpin RNA technology inhibited the production of hepatitis C virus (HCV). In agreement with the essential role of α-glucosidases in HCV envelope glycoprotein processing and folding, treatment of HCV-infected cells with a panel of imino sugar derivatives, which are competitive inhibitors of α-glucosidases, did not affect intracellular HCV RNA replication and nonstructural protein expression but resulted in the inhibition of glycan processing and subsequent degradation of HCV E2 glycoprotein. As a consequence, HCV virion assembly and secretion were inhibited. In searching for imino sugars with better antiviral activity, we found that a novel imino sugar, PBDNJ0804, had a superior ability to inhibit HCV virion assembly and secretion. In summary, we demonstrated that glucosidases are important host factor-based antiviral targets for HCV infection. The low likelihood of drug-resistant virus emergence and potent antiviral efficacy of the novel glucosidase inhibitor hold promise for its development as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C.
Estimation of Static Young’s Modulus for Sandstone Formation Using Artificial Neural Networks (2019)

In this study, we used artificial neural networks (ANN) to estimate static Young’s modulus (Estatic) for sandstone formation from conventional well logs. ANN design parameters were optimized using the self-adaptive differential evolution optimization algorithm. The ANN model was trained to predict Estatic from conventional well logs of the bulk density, compressional time, and shear time. The ANN model was trained on 409 data points from one well. The extracted weights and biases of the optimized ANN model was used to develop an empirical relationship for Estatic estimation based on well logs. This empirical correlation was tested on 183 unseen data points from the same training well and validated using data from three different wells. The optimized ANN model estimated Estatic for the training dataset with a very low average absolute percentage error (AAPE) of 0.98%, a very high correlation coefficient (R) of 0.999 and a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9978. The developed ANN-based correlation estimated Estatic for the testing dataset with a very high accuracy as indicated by the low AAPE of 1.46% and a very high R and R2 of 0.998 and 0.9951, respectively. In addition, the visual comparison of the core-tested and predicted Estatic of the validation dataset confirmed the high accuracy of the developed ANN-based empirical correlation. The ANN-based correlation overperformed four of the previously developed Estatic correlations in estimating Estatic for the validation data, Estatic for the validation data was predicted with an AAPE of 3.8% by using the ANN-based correlation compared to AAPE’s of more than 36.0% for the previously developed correlations.
Treatment of First-Time Clostridium difficile Infection With Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (2015)

Introduction:Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is treated with Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) after two failed treatments with antibiotics, e.g. vancomycin(V) or metronidazole(M). To date, however, there have been no reports of FMT in CDI as a first line treatment. Success rate of FMT in relapsing CDI is close to 90%. Given CDI often follows antibiotic use which may result in depleted bacterial classes; it is irrational to use further antibiotics then await relapse to access FMT. It makes sense to treat with FMT to eradicate CDI and replace missing flora components simultaneously. Hence, we offered FMT to patients with initial diagnosis of CDI. To maintain uniform approach we used pre-FMT antibiotics. No patients with inflammatory bowel disease were included in this study. Methods: Consecutive patients were recruited with toxin-positive CDI (toxin assay or PCR) upon stool test analysis for transcolonoscopic FMT as an initial infusion, followed next day by rectal enema. Patients reported general irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms including; bloating, abdominal pain, excessive flatulence and nausea. Symptom data was recorded at initial presentation on a scale of mild, moderate or severe. Symptom data recorded again at 8/52 and 6/12 post FMT. For pre-treatment 15 had V 500mg BD, 6 had V 500mg BD + Rifaximin(R) 1000mg BD, 4 had V 500mg BD + M 200mg BD, 2 had V 250mg mane 500 nocte, 1 had 500mg R daily and the final patient had no pre-treatment (consultant driven choice). Stool cultures and toxin assays were repeated after 4 weeks. Patients were seen in clinic approximately 8 weeks after FMT as part of standard-of-care follow-up. Treatment success defined as negative stool culture and toxin assay. Results: All 29 patients recruited and treated achieved eradication of CDI. 26% reported transient bloating and flatulence immediately after FMT. 34% reported a decline in bowel motions from an average of 5.9 BM to 1.6 BM per day. 17% of patients reported constipation initially. Globally initial symptoms lessened in severity with 55%. Hence the majority of these patients had co-existing (IBS) for many months or years and most continued to have some components of their IBS after their FMT-eradication of CDI. Conclusion: - In these patients with initial diagnosis of CDI, FMT was a safe and 100% effective treatment of CDI. - Transient adverse effects of bloating / flatulence were noted. - Accompanying IBS can persist after CDI cure in this cohort albeit moderate improvement occurs in some.
P157 FBXO3-FBXL2 AXIS MODULATORS AS A NOVEL CLASS OF ORAL SMALL MOLECULE COMPOUNDS FOR THE TREATMENT OF CROHN’S DISEASE (2020)

Abstract Background Ubiquitination is a common post-translational modification, tagging proteins for degradation. The ubiquitin proteasome system is activated in Crohn’s Disease (CD), and modulation of its components might be a novel strategy for therapeutic intervention to control inflammation. The conjugation of ubiquitin to a target protein is orchestrated by a series of enzymatic reactions, the last step being catalyzed by a selective ubiquitin E3 ligase. Among ubiquitin E3 ligases, Fbxl2 serves as a sentinel gatekeeper to limit inflammation by targeting and enhancing the degradation of tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factors (TRAF) proteins, which link cell surface signals (through NFkB signaling) to cytokine secretion. In addition, Fbxl2 controls the ubiquitination of the inflammasome, NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), which mediates the release of interleukin (IL)1β and IL18 (Fig.1). Fbxl2 protein itself is ubiquitinated and degraded by another protein, called Fbxo3. Inhibition of Fbxo3 results in increased Fbxl2 levels and decreased TRAF and NLRP3. Individuals with a natural occurring polymorphism within Fbxo3V221Ihave decreased lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced cytokine (TNFα, IL1β &amp; IL6) production, Fbxo3 and TRAF levels and increased Fbxl2, providing human genetic target validation for Fbxo3-Fbxl2 axis modulation in inflammatory conditions. BC1261 is a first-in-class, selective, orally available Fbxo3 inhibitor in clinical development for the treatment of CD. Methods and Results In vitro data demonstrated that BC1261 binds to Fbxo3, prevents Fbxo3/Fbxl2 association and produces a concentration-dependent inhibition of LPS-induced release of TNFα and IL1β from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In an acute DSS-mouse model, administration of BC-1261 via drinking water ad libitum (30 μg/ml) or by daily intraperitoneal (IP) injection (150 μg) for 5 days resulted in the attenuation of the shortening of colonic length, tissue damage (Fig2.A), and TNFα and IL6 tissue levels (Fig.2B). In a repeated DSS-mouse model, BC-1261 (10 mg/kg bid) given orally for 19 days was comparable to the positive control (anti-p40) in the DAI composite (Fig2.C), stool consistency (Fig2.D), and histopathology score in the proximal colon (Fig2.E). BC-1261 also lead to clinically relevant reductions on endoscopy score (Fig2.F). Conclusion BC1261, a Fbxo3 inhibitor, was efficacious in both acute and chronic preclinical models of colitis. Taken together, these results suggest the potential utility of selective Fbxo3-Fbxl2 modulation in the treatment of CD.
Structural origins of the cohesive energy in metal-terpyridine oligomer thin-films (2017)

Fe<sup>II</sup>-terpyridine based oligomers have attracted considerable interest as key constituents for the realization of highly robust, ultra-thin ordered layers of metal center oligomers (MCOs) for organic electronics applications. By using molecular simulations and nanotribology investigations, we report on the origins of the surprisingly high mechanical and thermal stability in this type of MCO layers, which finds its expression in nanowear resistance values of up to 1.5 μN for the MCO films, as well as in a thermal stability of two-terminal MCO junctions to temperatures up to ∼100 °C under electrical load. A theoretical analysis of the fundamental cohesive forces among the constituents within the context of an electrostatic model reveal that the cohesive energy is essentially based on Coulomb interactions among the ionic constituents of the oligomers, leading to an estimated cohesive energy per molar mass of 0.0132 eV mol g<sup>-1</sup> for MCO layers that advantageously compare to the 0.0061 eV mol g<sup>-1</sup> reported for pentacene crystals.
VU0810464, a non‐urea G protein‐gated inwardly rectifying K+ (Kir3/GIRK) channel activator, exhibits enhanced selectivity for neuronal Kir3 channels and reduces stress‐induced hyperthermia in mice (2019)

VU0810464 represents a new class of K<sub>ir</sub> 3 channel activator with enhanced selectivity for K<sub>ir</sub> 3.1/3.2 channels. VU0810464 may be useful for examining K<sub>ir</sub> 3.1/3.2 channel contributions to complex behaviours and for probing the potential of K<sub>ir</sub> 3 channel-dependent manipulations to treat neurological disorders.
Scaling Astroinformatics: Python + Automatic Parallelization (2014)

Pydron, a system that bridges the gap between interactive data analysis and scalable computing, enables astronomers to process large datasets with Python without the complexities of managing parallel processing code.
Formulation Method of Robot Kinematics Considering Versatility and Mobility of Each Joint (2023)

This paper proposes a method of formulating the robot kinematics. The proposed method can be applied to mobile manipulators, parallel link robots, and legged robots by the same procedure. The proposed forward kinematics formulation is based on tree-structured rigid-body system and is compared with the Denavit–Hartenberg method and URDF. The proposed differential kinematics formulation is represented by a block lower triangular matrix, which is a generalized form of the basic Jacobian matrix. In addition, an application example of the proposed formulation to the numerical inverse kinematics method is also shown. The usage of the proposed method is demonstrated by simulation experiments using a dual-arm mobile manipulator and a parallel link robot.
Conversion of a stem cell leukemia from a T-lymphoid to a myeloid phenotype induced by the adenosine deaminase inhibitor 2'-deoxycoformycin. (1984)

Selective failure of lymphoid development occurs in genetic deficiency of adenosine deaminase (ADA). We examined the in vivo effects of a potent inhibitor of ADA, 2'-deoxycoformycin, which was used to treat a patient with refractory acute leukemia. Unexpectedly, within 7 days of starting treatment, the leukemic phenotype underwent complete conversion from T lymphoblastic to promyelocytic, with kinetics that suggested a precursor-product relationship between the two cell populations. Pretreatment T lymphoblasts and posttreatment promyelocytes had the same abnormal karyotype. Upon culture in vitro, the former transformed spontaneously over several weeks into mature myeloid cells. We conclude that the leukemia arose from a multipotent stem cell capable of both lymphoid and myeloid differentiation. Effects of ADA inhibition on leukemia cells during treatment included expansion of the deoxyadenosine nucleotide pool and accumulation of S-adenosylhomocysteine, a potent inhibitor of S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methylation. The influence of these changes on the leukemic phenotype is discussed in terms of (i) selective cytotoxicity to T lymphoblasts, which accumulated deoxyadenosine nucleotides more efficiently than did the patient's promyelocytes during in vitro incubation with deoxycoformycin plus deoxyadenosine, and (ii) induction of an altered program of differentiation.
Microneedles for Transdermal Biosensing: Current Picture and Future Direction (2015)

A novel trend is rapidly emerging in the use of microneedles, which are a miniaturized replica of hypodermic needles with length-scales of hundreds of micrometers, aimed at the transdermal biosensing of analytes of clinical interest, e.g., glucose, biomarkers, and others. Transdermal biosensing via microneedles offers remarkable opportunities for moving biosensing technologies and biochips from research laboratories to real-field applications, and envisages easy-to-use point-of-care microdevices with pain-free, minimally invasive, and minimal-training features that are very attractive for both developed and emerging countries. In addition to this, microneedles for transdermal biosensing offer a unique possibility for the development of biochips provided with end-effectors for their interaction with the biological system under investigation. Direct and efficient collection of the biological sample to be analyzed will then become feasible in situ at the same length-scale of the other biochip components by minimally trained personnel and in a minimally invasive fashion. This would eliminate the need for blood extraction using hypodermic needles and reduce, in turn, related problems, such as patient infections, sample contaminations, analysis artifacts, etc. The aim here is to provide a thorough and critical analysis of state-of-the-art developments in this novel research trend, and to bridge the gap between microneedles and biosensors.
Analysis of Effective Optic Axis and Equivalent Retardation of Composite Optically Anisotropic Film by Using Transmission Ellipsometry (2009)

두개 이상의 광학이방성 막이 중첩된 복합막의 편광특성을 분석하였다. 투과형 타원법에서 사용되는 타원상수의 표현을 이용하여 복합 위상지연막의 유효 광축과 등가 리타데이션을 결정하는 방법을 제시하였다. 막 평면 방향으로 광축은 나란하지만 위상지연의 정도가 균일하지 않은 불균일 위상지연판의 등가 리타데이션 및 유효 광축 방향을 나타내는 수학적 표현을 유도하였다. 또한 두개의 광학 이방성막이 광축이 나란하지 않게 중첩되어 있는 복합막의 등가 리타데이션 및 유효 광축 표현을 제시하고 입사광이 직선편광일 때 방위각 의존성 검토를 통해 이들을 실제로 적용할 때 마주치는 한계를 논의하였다. Polarization characteristics of a composite film composed of two optically anisotropic films are analyzed. The procedure to determine the effective optics axis and the equivalent retardation of the composite film is suggested in conjuction with the related ellipsometric expressions. The explicit expressions of the effective optic axis and the equivalent retardation of a non-uniform anisotropic film are derived when all optic axes are parallel. Those expressions of the composite film where optic axes of two constituting anisotropic films are not parallel are also derived. Dependence of those expressions on the polarization state of the incident light or the azimuth angle of the linearly polarized light and their limit when applied to practical use are discussed.
Systemic hypertension associated retinal microvascular changes can be detected with optical coherence tomography angiography (2020)

A major complication of hypertension is microvascular damage and capillary rarefaction is a known complication of hypertensive end-organ damage which confers a higher risk of systemic disease such as stroke and cardiovascular events. Our aim was to study the effect of hypertension on the retinal microvasculature using non-invasive optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). We performed a case-control study of 94 eyes of 94 participants with systemic hypertension and 46 normal control eyes from the Singapore Chinese Eye Study using a standardized protocol to collect data on past medical history of hypertension, including the number and type of hypertensive medications and assessed mean arterial pressure. Retinal vascular parameters were measured in all eyes using OCTA. In the multivariate analysis adjusting for confounders, compared to controls, eyes of hypertensive patients showed a decrease in the macular vessel density at the level of the superficial [OR 0.02; 95% CI, 0 to 0.64; P 0.027] and deep venous plexuses [OR 0.03; 95% CI, 0 to 0.41; P 0.009] and an increase in the deep foveal avascular zone. This shows that hypertension is associated with reduced retinal vessel density and an increased foveal avascular zone, especially in the deep venous plexus, as seen on OCTA and there is a potential role in using OCTA as a clinical tool to monitor hypertensive damage and identifying at risk patients.
Supplementary Table 1 from Expression of L1-CAM and ADAM10 in Human Colon Cancer Cells Induces Metastasis (2023)

Supplementary Table 1 from Expression of L1-CAM and ADAM10 in Human Colon Cancer Cells Induces Metastasis
Effect of PdZn film on the performance of green light-emitting diodes (2008)

PdZn was used to improve the electrical properties of <i>p-</i>GaN annealed at low activation temperature for high efficiency green light-emitting diodes (LEDs). A hole concentration of <i>p-</i>GaN annealed at 600 &deg;C with PdZn was almost 28 times higher than that of <i>p-</i>GaN annealed at 800 &deg;C without PdZn. SIMS analysis showed that hydrogen concentration in <i>p-</i>GaN annealed with PdZn is decreased compared to that without using PdZn because the PdZn enhances hydrogen desorption from the Mg-doped p-GaN film at low temperature. The green MQW LED annealed at 600 &deg;C using PdZn showed improved electrical characteristic and optical output power compared to that annealed at 800 &deg;C without using PdZn. These results are attributed to the increase of hole concentration of <i>p-</i>GaN due to removal of hydrogen in <i>p-</i>GaN by PdZn and the decrease in thermal damage of MQW at low activation temperature.
Commodity Futures: Markets, Methods of Analysis, and Management of Risk (1986)

The Economic Role of Futures Markets Market Efficiency Commodity Price Behavior The Basics Hedging Speculation and Risk Bearing Money Management Playing to Win Silver Tropical Products Fundamental Technical Analysis Time Series Analysis and Forecasting Financial Futures Currencies Index Futures Physical Commodity Futures Metals Other Physical Commodities Commodity Options Index.
Energy scaling of Kerr-lens mode-locked thin-disk oscillators (2014)

Geometric scaling of a Kerr-lens mode-locked Yb:YAG thin-disk oscillator yields femtosecond pulses with an average output power of 270 W. The scaled system delivers femtosecond (210-330 fs) pulses with a peak power of 38 MW. These values of average and peak power surpass the performance of any previously reported femtosecond laser oscillator operated in atmospheric air.
Manipulating Optical Chirality in the Near-Field of Plasmonic Metamaterials with Superchiral Light (2018)

In this paper we show that the optical chirality of plasmonic chiral metamaterials can be manipulated by superchiral light. In particular, the handedness selective enhancement and switching effect of optical chirality, along with the delocalization of the corresponding chiral fields, are observed in the near-field regime of a gammadion nanostructure. Our results indicate that the interaction between superchiral light and planar chiral nanostructures can further improve accessibility for plasmonics based enantiomeric sensing and potentially enable chiroptical imaging systems that can be coherently controlled.