gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Predicting Increased Fluid Requirements During the Resuscitation of Thermally Injured Patients (2004)

Burn size and weight (negatively) were associated with greater VOL. However, a close linear relationship between burn size and VOL was not observed. Mechanical ventilation supplanted TBSA by 24 hours as a predictor of high VOL. Worst base deficit, TBSA, and an age function, but not VOL, were predictors of MORT.
X-Ray Dark-Field Signal Reduction Due to Hardening of the Visibility Spectrum (2023)

X-ray dark-field imaging enables a spatially-resolved visualization of ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering. Using phantom measurements, we demonstrate that a material's effective dark-field signal may be reduced by modification of the visibility spectrum by other dark-field-active objects in the beam. This is the dark-field equivalent of conventional beam-hardening, and is distinct from related, known effects, where the dark-field signal is modified by attenuation or phase shifts. We present a theoretical model for this group of effects and verify it by comparison to the measurements. These findings have significant implications for the interpretation of dark-field signal strength in polychromatic measurements.
Integration of an autonomous optical sensor system in the machining area of milling centers (2015)

The integration of quality control in manufacturing process contains this paper and discusses the possibilities for integrated quality control in CNC milling machines without clamping off a workpiece. For these concepts non-contact measurements with image processing sensors have significant benefits for data acquisition in rapidity and a high grade of flexibility. New effective measurement strategies can be developed in effect of the quality controlling in the machining area. These includes classical geometric measurement applications from optical 2D but also options for 3D measurement tasks like determining roughness or other typical image processing applications. This paper presents the challenges for the implementation of an optical sensor system in the machining area of milling centers. Primarily a suitable location in the machining area must be found and an associated strategy has to be developed. The integrated optical image sensor system should be protect against impurity and does not derogate in his functionality. For the full integration as a quality control loop, the results must feed into the machine control. Thus a further interface between measurement program and a machine control is necessary. Another major field of research exists in the optical components. Especially the illumination, image sensor and lens are selected and adaptable for the measurement tasks after the considerations of the above-mentioned basic requirements. The presented research provides a suitable solution to make the CNC manufacture more efficient. Quality controls of the work piece can be executed within the CNC process and potential post processing can be performed simultaneously.
Inhibition of experimental abdominal aortic aneurysm progression by nifedipine (2008)

Agents to inhibit the renin-angiotensin system have been reported to suppress the progression of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). However, the effects of calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are still unclear in terms of the inhibition of the progression of AAA. Recently, several effects of CCBs beyond those associated with blood pressure lowering have attracted much interest. In this study, we examined the effects of nifedipine on AAA progression. AAA was induced in rats by transient aortic perfusion with elastase. Then, nifedipine (10 mg/kg/day) and saline (control) were administered to rats by osmotic mini-pump. At 2 and 4 weeks, the size of the AAA, blood pressure and heart rate were measured. Then, to further explore the mechanisms of the progression of AAA, we used human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Especially, we focused on NF-kappaB and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). Treatment with nifedipine resulted in a significant inhibition of the progression of AAA such as aneurismal dilation at 14 and 28 days compared to the control (week 2: control, 2.98+/-0.71 mm; nifedipine, 2.37+/-0.64 mm; p<0.05 and week 4: control, 3.28+/-0.98 mm; nifedipine, 2.41+/-0.17 mm; p<0.05). Neither nifedipine nor saline changed blood pressure and heart rate, significantly. Nifedipine (1 microM) significantly suppressed angiotensin II-induced (10(-6) M) NF-kappaB activity in VSMCs by reporter assay (p<0.01). Furthermore, nifedipine (1 microM) inhibited MMP-9 protein expression and activity. Saline did not show such inhibitory effects. Taken together, these results indicated that nifedipine inhibits the progression of experimental AAA possibly through suppression of NF-kappaB and MMP-9 activity, leading to protective effects against AAA beyond those associated with blood pressure lowering.
Control of Solid Tumor Growth in Mice Using EGF Receptor-Targeted RNA Replicase-Based Plasmid DNA (2012)

Tumor-targeted RNA replicase-based plasmids hold a strong potential in tumor therapy.
Scaling of Al2O3 dielectric for graphene field-effect transistors (2012)

We investigate the scaling of Al2O3 dielectric on graphene by atomic layer deposition (ALD) using ultra-thin, oxidized Ti and Al films as nucleation layers. We show that the nucleation layer significantly impacts the dielectric constant (k) and morphology of the ALD Al2O3, yielding k = 5.5 and k = 12.7 for Al and Ti nucleation layers, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy shows that Al2O3 grown using the Ti interface is partially crystalline, while Al2O3 grown on Al is amorphous. Using a spatially uniform 0.6 nm-thick Ti nucleation layer, we demonstrate graphene field-effect transistors with top dielectric stacks as thin as 2.6 nm.
A Convenient Synthesis of 3‐Alkyl‐4‐aminobutanoic Acids. (1990)

A series of 3-alkyl-4-aminobutanoic acids were prepared via the Michael addition of nitromethane to 2-alkenoic esters, followed by catalytic hydrogenation of the resultant 3-(nitromethyl)alkanoic esters using 10% palladium on carbon in acetic acid, and acid hydrolysis of the reduction products
Suggestion Concerning Magnetic Interactions in Spinels (1959)

The indirect-exchange mechanisms which produce spontaneous magnetization in metal oxides are an optimum if two interacting cations are located on opposite sides of an anion. The coupling rules which have been developed for this case are not applicable to spinels in which the cation-anion-cation angles differ appreciably from 180\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}. An examination of the $d$-orbital symmetry of various cations in respect to the crystal lattice leads to several suggestions concerning the magnetic interactions in spinels. Of particular interest are those spinels containing cations with three or fewer $d$ electrons in the octahedral sites, or four if the symmetry is tetragonal. The properties of several spinels of this kind are considered in the light of the suggestions offered. Direct interactions between octahedral-site cations appear to be possible.
Fire Behaviour of Unsaturated Polyesters (1998)

This work is concerned with the fire behaviour of unsaturated polyester resins and particularly with the limiting oxygen index and oxygen consumption data. The influence of styrene level on the rate of heat release is shown. The combustion products of the resins are identified. No change in the nature or proportions of the evolved gases could be detected with different amounts of styrene.
Cleavage of C(sp3)–F Bonds in Trifluoromethylarenes Using a Bis(NHC)nickel(0) Complex (2020)

The first example of the oxidative addition of a C(sp<sup>3</sup>)-F bond in trifluoromethylarenes to a nickel(0) complex is described. A nickel(0) complex that bears two <i>N</i>-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands of low steric demand is able to cleave C(sp<sup>3</sup>)-F bonds of trifluoromethylarenes to afford the corresponding <i>trans</i>-difluorobenzyl nickel(II) fluoride complexes. Isolation and characterization studies suggested that the cleavage of the C(sp<sup>3</sup>)-F bond proceeds via an η<sup>2</sup>-arene nickel(0) complex. Taking advantage of the reactivity of these nickel(II) fluoride complexes, we developed a catalytic hydrodefluorination of trifluoromethylarenes using hydrosilanes. A computational study indicated that the electron-rich nickel(0) center supported by two relatively small NHC ligands cleaves the C(sp<sup>3</sup>)-F bond via a <i>syn</i>-S<sub>N</sub>2' mechanism.
Lowering the latency of data processing pipelines through FPGA based hardware acceleration (2019)

Web search engines often involve a complex pipeline of processing stages including computing, scoring, and ranking potential answers plus returning the sorted results. The latency of such pipelines can be improved by minimizing data movement, making stages faster, and merging stages. The throughput is determined by the stage with the smallest capacity and it can be improved by allocating enough parallel resources to each stage. In this paper we explore the possibility of employing hardware acceleration (an FPGA) as a way to improve the overall performance when computing answers to search queries. With a real use case as a baseline and motivation, we focus on accelerating the scoring function implemented as a decision tree ensemble, a common approach to scoring and classification in search systems. Our solution uses a novel decision tree ensemble implementation on an FPGA to: 1) increase the number of entries that can be scored per unit of time, and 2) provide a compact implementation that can be combined with previous stages. The resulting system, tested in Amazon F1 instances, significantly improves the quality of the search results and improves performance by two orders of magnitude over the existing CPU based solution.
Supplemental Table S3 from Safety and Efficacy of Intratumoral Injections of Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T Cells in Metastatic Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;S3. Serial quantification of serum IL6 from a patient with prolonged subjectove myalgia post IT injection of mRNA c-Met CAR T cells.&lt;/p&gt;
Fluid Motion Induced by Spark Plasma: Development of Particle Image Velocimetry Measurements (2016)

There has been increased interest in the use of plasma actuators for flow control in aerodynamics and combustion to improve efficiency and reduce emissions. Spark plasma actuators have capabilities of inducing heat and momentum to the flow field. The flow field generated by this plasma induces complex pressure and temperature gradients that lead to the development of complex flow structures. The experiment described in this research is particularly difficult due to its small scale, and the dynamic range of velocities that are induced by the flow field. This flow field is yet to be quantified by previous research. The purpose of this experiment is to develop a method of capturing and processing the flow field generated to present accurate results of the flow induced by the spark. A 2-D PIV system is used to capture the images and the appropriate pulse separation and a 48 x 48 pixel interrogation window size are chosen to analyze the flow field induced by 3 different electrode configurations. The repeatability of the flow field is assessed and the turbulent nature of the flow field is revealed. Voltage measurements show that there is varying deviation in the voltage during the spark. Analysis of the flow field shows 70-90% deviations in magnitude of velocity. The effects of using ensemble averaging, ensemble correlation and correlation of ensemble images on maximizing signal to noise ratio (SNR) is assessed. Preliminary results show flow concentrated in the center of the electrode gap at initial times, followed by an outward flow toward the surrounding gas.
Processing of Mammalian Preprogastrin‐Releasing Peptide (1988)

The processing of preprogastrin-releasing peptide in mammalian tissues and in cultured cells takes place at discrete sites (Figure 6). Signal peptidase cleaves away the signal peptide from the amino terminus of gastrin-releasing peptide. An exopeptidase activity may remove dipeptides from the amino terminus. The amidation site (not shown in Fig. 6; see Fig. 2) has the same general sequence (Gly-Lys-Lys) seen for other amidated peptides. Cleavage after single basic residues yields gene-related products from Form I or II preproGRP. A unique non-basic cleavage yields a gene-related product from Form III preproGRP. The processing that occurs to form GRP, GRP, and GRP gene-related peptides is shown in Figure 7. ProGRP is cleaved by a series of enzymes to form GRP with an amidated carboxyl-terminal methionine (indicated by an asterisk in Fig. 7). GRP is cleaved to form the decapeptide GRP. The carboxyl-terminal flanking peptides of all three mRNA translation products are cleaved to form several gastrin-releasing peptide gene-related products. Knowledge of the processing of gastrin-releasing peptide and its gene-related products will allow synthesis of duplicates of the stored forms of these peptides, which can then be used for biological testing.
Leveraging Superchiral Light for Manipulation of Optical Chirality in the Near-Field of Plasmonic Metamaterials (2017)

Methods for generating enhanced chiroptical response are of great importance in biological and biochemical applications primarily due to the ubiquitous presence of chiral substances in the organic world. Exhibiting an unprecedentedly strong chiroptical response, metamaterials are considered as a good candidate for achieving the highly sought after enhanced optical chirality. Here we demonstrate that optical chirality in the near-field of planar chiral metamaterials can be controlled by the so-called superchiral light composed by two counter-propagating beams of circularly polarized light (CPL) of the opposite handedness. In contrast with the scenario of single CPL excitation, continuous manipulation of optical chirality including the handedness selective enhancement and switching effect is observed. Moreover, the volumetric examination reveals that the enhanced optical chirality is much more delocalized, indicating a further improved accessibility for plasmonic nanostructure based enantiomeric sensing. Finally, we demonstrate the potential of the proposed optical chirality manipulation for optical information processing in a proof-of-concept study involving a coherent imaging system.
Effects of Neonicotinoid Insecticides on the Bionomics of Twospotted Spider Mite (Acari: Tetranychidae) (2004)

Previous reports indicate that applications of imidacloprid, a neonicotinoid insecticide, can lead to population buildups of twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, in the field. Moreover, laboratory studies showed enhanced fecundity of T. urticae after an imidacloprid treatment. In this study, experiments were conducted in the greenhouse to investigate the potential effects of imidacloprid and several other neonicotinoid insecticides on fecundity, egg viability, preimaginal survivorship, and sex ratio of T. urticae (German strain WI) on French beans, Phaseolus vulgaris L. Four insecticides, i.e., imidacloprid (Confidor 200SL), thiacloprid (Calypso 480 SC), acetamiprid (Mospilan 70 WP), and thiamethoxam (Actara 25 WG), were tested at field-relevant (100, 120, 125, and 95 ppm) and sublethal doses (10, 12, 12.5, and 9.5 ppm), respectively. Both spray and drench applications were tested. At field-relevant doses, fecundity of T. urticae decreased and was lower in the treatments compared with the untreated control, whereas preimaginal survivorship and proportion of female offspring (i.e., sex ratio) were lower compared with the control. At sublethal doses, no significant differences were found among the treatments. Data on egg viability, preimaginal survivorship, and sex ratio at sublethal doses followed the same trends as at field-relevant doses. In an additional experiment, the metabolism of imidacloprid into monohydroxy-imidacloprid, olefine, guanidine, and 6-chloronicotinic acid was compared with the oviposition pattern of T. urticae. These findings are discussed with regard to previous laboratory and field observations of imidacloprid-induced fertility increases in T. urticae.
Virtual Power Limiter System which Guarantees Stability of Control Systems (2006)

In this paper, a Virtual Power Limiter System is proposed. This requires no modeling and makes it possible to guarantee the stability of control systems which include unknown characteristics: flexibility in flexible manipulators, compressibility in pneumatic servo systems, human dynamics in man-machine systems, hardware nonlinearity in mechatronic systems, and so on. The details of the proposed virtual power limiter system and experimental verification with a man-machine system are presented.
A Study on Behavior of Autonomous Vehicles Cooperating with Manually-Driven Vehicles (2019)

Autonomous vehicles will bring tremendous benefits to society. However, it is expected to take a considerable period of time for their spread, and during the transition period, autonomous and manually-driven vehicles will share the same roads. Under such situations, the driving behavior of autonomous vehicles will influence manual drivers, for example, manually-driven vehicles may be stuck behind the autonomous vehicles and overtake them frequently if autonomous vehicles drive slowly for safety. In this paper, we investigate how the traffic flow and driving stress vary with autonomous vehicles by microscopic traffic simulation. We develop a microscopic traffic simulator that can reproduce traffic flow with autonomous vehicles and manually-driven vehicles. The behavior of these vehicles can be modeled by the combination of Intelligent-Driver Model (IDM) and Lane change Model with Relaxation and Synchronization (LMRS). These models can express various driver characteristics through simulation parameters such as driving speed and distance between vehicles (net distance), and we are able to create realistic scenarios like overtaking autonomous vehicles by manually-driven vehicles with faster speed than the legal speed. From the simulation results, we found that there is a desirable combination of speed and time headway that achieves both smooth traffic and less stress of drivers with a given percentage of autonomous vehicles.
Cancer Vaccines: Steering T Cells Down the Right Path to Eradicate Tumors (2019)

Lack of tumor T-cell infiltration is a barrier to the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors and other immunotherapies in patients with cancer. Because of their ability to activate and augment tumor-specific T cells, vaccines are an attractive approach to direct T-cell responses into the tumor.
Abstract B21: CRISPR screens provide a comprehensive assessment of cancer vulnerabilities but generate false-positive hits for highly amplified genomic regions (2017)

Abstract CRISPR/Cas9 has emerged as a transformative new tool to systematically probe gene function. In this study, we compare the performance of CRISPR to RNAi-based loss-of-function screens for the identification of cancer dependencies by performing parallel deep-coverage shRNA and CRISPR screens targeting 2722 genes across several cancer cell lines. CRISPR-based dropout screens identified more lethal genes compared to RNAi in all five cancer models, indicating that the identification of many cellular dependencies may require full gene inactivation, as induced by CRISPR but not RNAi. However, in two aneuploid cancer models we found that all genes within highly amplified regions, including non-expressed genes, scored as lethal by CRISPR, revealing an unanticipated class of false-positive hits in CRISPR-based screens. Using a CRISPR tiling array that encompassed all possible sgRNAs against the coding regions of 139 genes, sgRNAs targeting essential domains provide the most robust dropout phenotypes, suggesting that this approach might be used to define the protein domains that are required for cancer dependence. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the utility of CRISPR-based screens in the identification of cancer-dependent genes, but also reveal the need to carefully control for false-positive results especially in chromosomally unstable cancer lines. Note: This abstract was not presented at the conference. Citation Format: Diana Munoz, Frank P. Stegmeier, Michael Schlabach. CRISPR screens provide a comprehensive assessment of cancer vulnerabilities but generate false-positive hits for highly amplified genomic regions [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Precision Medicine Series: Opportunities and Challenges of Exploiting Synthetic Lethality in Cancer; Jan 4-7, 2017; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2017;16(10 Suppl):Abstract nr B21.
Covalent Targeting of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor Inhibits Metastatic Breast Cancer (2016)

Therapeutic targeting of late-stage breast cancer is limited by an inadequate understanding of how tumor cell signaling evolves during metastatic progression and by the currently available small molecule inhibitors capable of targeting these processes. Herein, we demonstrate that both β3 integrin and fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 (FGFR1) are part of an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) program that is required to facilitate metastatic outgrowth in response to fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2). Mechanistically, β3 integrin physically disrupts an interaction between FGFR1 and E-cadherin, leading to a dramatic redistribution of FGFR1 subcellular localization, enhanced FGF2 signaling and increased three-dimensional (3D) outgrowth of metastatic breast cancer cells. This ability of β3 integrin to drive FGFR signaling requires the enzymatic activity of focal adhesion kinase (FAK). Consistent with these mechanistic data, we demonstrate that FGFR, β3 integrin, and FAK constitute a molecular signature capable of predicting decreased survival of patients with the basal-like subtype of breast cancer. Importantly, covalent targeting of a conserved cysteine in the P-loop of FGFR1-4 with our newly developed small molecule, FIIN-4, more effectively blocks 3D metastatic outgrowth as compared with currently available FGFR inhibitors. In vivo application of FIIN-4 potently inhibited the growth of metastatic, patient-derived breast cancer xenografts and murine-derived metastases growing within the pulmonary microenvironment. Overall, the current studies demonstrate that FGFR1 works in concert with other EMT effector molecules to drive aberrant downstream signaling, and that these events can be effectively targeted using our novel therapeutics for the treatment of the most aggressive forms of breast cancer. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(9); 2096-106. ©2016 AACR.
Continuous dynamical decoupling of a single diamond nitrogen-vacancy center spin with a mechanical resonator (2015)

Inhomogeneous dephasing from uncontrolled environmental noise can limit the coherence of a quantum sensor or qubit. For solid state spin qubits such as the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond, a dominant source of environmental noise is magnetic field fluctuations due to nearby paramagnetic impurities and instabilities in a magnetic bias field. In this work, we use ac stress generated by a diamond mechanical resonator to engineer a dressed spin basis in which a single NV center qubit is less sensitive to its magnetic environment. For a qubit in the thermally isolated subspace of this protected basis, we prolong the dephasing time $T_2^*$ from $2.7\pm0.1$ $μ$s to $15\pm1$ $μ$s by dressing with a $Ω=581\pm2$ kHz mechanical Rabi field. Furthermore, we develop a model that quantitatively predicts the relationship between $Ω$ and $T_2^*$ in the dressed basis. Our model suggests that a combination of magnetic field fluctuations and hyperfine coupling to nearby nuclear spins limits the protected coherence time over the range of $Ω$ accessed here. We show that amplitude noise in $Ω$ will dominate the dephasing for larger driving fields.