gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Randomised clinical trial: a phase 1, dose‐ranging study of the anti‐matrix metalloproteinase‐9 monoclonal antibody GS‐5745 versus placebo for ulcerative colitis (2016)

This phase 1 trial provides preliminary evidence for the safety and therapeutic potential of GS-5745 in the treatment of ulcerative colitis.
Association ofADIPOR1polymorphisms with bone mineral density in postmenopausal Korean women (2012)

Adiponectin may affect bone through interactions with two known receptors, adiponectin receptors (ADIPOR) 1 and 2. We examined the association between polymorphisms of ADIPOR1 and ADIPOR2 and bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal Korean women. Six polymorphisms in ADIPOR1 and four polymorphisms in ADIPOR2 were selected and genotyped in all study participants (n = 1,329). BMD at the lumbar spine and femur neck were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Lateral thoracolumbar (T4-L4) radiographs were obtained for vertebral fracture assessment and the occurrence of non-vertebral fractures examined using self-reported data. P values were adjusted for multiple testing using Bonferroni correction (P(corr)). ADIPOR1 rs16850799 and rs34010966 polymorphisms were significantly associated with femur neck BMD (P(corr) = 0.036 in the dominant model; P(corr) = 0.024 and P(corr) = 0.006 in the additive and dominant models, respectively). Subjects with the rare allele of each polymorphism had lower BMD, and association of rs34010966 with BMD showed a gene dosage effect. However, ADIPOR2 single nucleotide polymorphisms and haplotypes were not associated with BMD at any site. Our results suggest that ADIPOR1 polymorphisms present a useful genetic marker for BMD in postmenopausal Korean women.
Single-ended-to-differential and differential-to-differential channel-select filters based on piezoelectric AlN contour-mode MEMS resonators (2010)

This paper reports on the first demonstration of single-ended-to-differential and differential-to-differential (S2D and D2D) channel-select filters based on single-layer (SL) and dual-layer-stacked (DLS) AlN contour-mode MEMS resonators. The key filter performances in terms of insertion loss (as low as 1.4 dB), operating frequency (250-1280 MHz), and out-of-band rejection (up to 60 dB) constitute a significant advancement over all other state-of-the-art RF MEMS technologies. The fabrication process, namely stacking of two piezoelectric AlN layers (600 nm each) and three Pt electrode layers (100 nm each), is fully compatible with the previously demonstrated AlN RF MEMS switch process (also post-CMOS compatible), which makes it possible to implement multi-frequency switchable filter banks on a single chip. The S2D configuration is also able to combine the balun, filter, and impedance transformer functions in a single MEMS structure and only takes on a very small form factor (60 × 200 μm). These unique features will potentially revolutionize the field of RF and microwave IC design by enabling MEMS-IC co-design and the development of unconventional and low-power RF architectures.
A Lab-on-a-chip Sensing Platform Enabling Concurrent Detection Using Subwavelength Grating Micro-ring Resonator (2023)

We developed a lab-on-a-chip optical biosensor that realized the concurrent detection of two analytes with high sensitivity. The silicon photonic chip is integrated with a microfluidics chip, which offers a promising solution to point-of-care detection.
Demonstrating Immersive Media Delivery on 5G Broadcast and Multicast Testing Networks (2020)

This work presents eight demonstrators and one showcase developed within the 5G-Xcast project. They experimentally demonstrate and validate key technical enablers for the future of media delivery, associated with multicast and broadcast communication capabilities in 5th Generation (5G). In 5G-Xcast, three existing testbeds: IRT in Munich (Germany), 5GIC in Surrey (UK), and TUAS in Turku (Finland), have been developed into 5G broadcast and multicast testing networks, which enables us to demonstrate our vision of a converged 5G infrastructure with fixed and mobile accesses and terrestrial broadcast, delivering immersive audio-visual media content. Built upon the improved testing networks, the demonstrators and showcase developed in 5G-Xcast show the impact of the technology developed in the project. Our demonstrations predominantly cover use cases belonging to two verticals: Media &amp; Entertainment and Public Warning, which are future 5G scenarios relevant to multicast and broadcast delivery. In this paper, we present the development of these demonstrators, the showcase, and the testbeds. We also provide key findings from the experiments and demonstrations, which not only validate the technical solutions developed in the project, but also illustrate the potential technical impact of these solutions for broadcasters, content providers, operators, and other industries interested in the future immersive media delivery.
Automated tumor immunophenotyping predicts clinical benefit from anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy (2023)

Abstract Background Cancer immunotherapy has transformed the clinical approach to patients with malignancies as profound benefits can be seen in a subset of patients. To identify this subset, biomarker analyses increasingly focus on phenotypic and functional evaluation of the tumor microenvironment (TME) to determine if density, spatial distribution, and cellular composition of immune cell infiltrates can provide prognostic and/or predictive information. Attempts have been made to develop standardized methods to evaluate immune infiltrates in the routine assessment of certain tumor types; however, broad adoption of this approach in clinical decision-making is still missing. Methods We developed approaches to categorize solid tumors into “Desert”, “Excluded” and “Inflamed” types according to the spatial distribution of CD8+ immune effector cells to determine the prognostic and/or predictive implications of such labels. To overcome the limitations of this subjective approach we incrementally developed four automated analysis pipelines of increasing granularity and complexity for density and pattern assessment of immune effector cells. Results We show that categorization based on “manual” observation is predictive for clinical benefit from anti-programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) therapy in two large cohorts of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) or triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). For the automated analysis we demonstrate that a combined approach outperforms individual pipelines and successfully relates spatial features to pathologist-based read-outs and patient response to therapy. Conclusions Our findings suggest tumor immunophenotype (IP) generated by automated analysis pipelines should be evaluated further as potential predictive biomarkers for cancer immunotherapy. What is already known on this topic Clinical benefit from checkpoint inhibitor-targeted therapies is realized only in a subset of patients. Robust biomarkers to identify patients who may respond to such therapies are needed. What this study adds We have developed manual and automated approaches to categorize tumors into immunophenotypes based on the spatial distribution of CD8+ T effector cells that predict clinical benefit from anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer or triple-negative breast cancer. How this study might affect research, practice or policy Tumor immunophenotypes should be further validated as predictive biomarker for checkpoint inhibitor-targeted therapies in prospective clinical studies.
Regio‐ und atropisomerenselektive Arylkupplung zu Naphthylisochinolin‐Alkaloiden: Erste Totalsynthese von (‐)‐Ancistrocladin (1986)

Das “ungewöhnlichste aller Isochinolin‐Alkaloide”, die Titelverbindung 2 , ist durch ein bis über 200°C konfigurationsstabiles Biphenylsystem gekennzeichnet. Schlüsselschritt der Synthese ist die intramolekulare CC‐Verknüpfung in der Zwischenstufe 1 , in der die beiden Molekülteile durch eine Lactongruppierung verbunden sind. magnified image
040.Ovarian research in the post genomic era: analyses of GDF-9 and other paracrine signalling pathways (2004)

Recent publication of the genomic sequences for human and multiple model organisms allows the elucidation of the evolutionary origins of human genes. Because of the coevolution of polypeptide ligands and their cognate receptors, analysis of human genomic sequences allows one to predict the pairing of these elements. Based on a genomic approach, we identified the known BMPRII and ALK5 as the receptors for GDF-9 (1,2) and elucidated downstream signalling Smad molecules in ovarian follicles. We also identified LGR7 and LGR8 as receptors for relaxin and INSL3 respectively (3,4). Based on the known production of INLS3 by testicular Leydig cells and ovarian theca cells, we investigated the expression of the INSL3 receptor, LGR8, in male and female gonads. Of interest, LGR8 expression was found exclusively in oocytes in the ovary and male germ cells in the testis. We further found that LH stimulates INSL3 transcripts in ovarian theca and testicular Leydig cells. INSL3, in turn, binds LGR8 expressed in germ cells to initiate meiotic progression of arrested oocytes in preovulatory follicles in vitro and in vivo and to suppress male germ cell apoptosis in vivo (5). In contrast to its stimulation of cAMP production by somatic cells, INSL3 interacts with germ cells to activate the inhibitory G protein, thus leading to decreases in cAMP production. Our data demonstrate the importance of the INSL3–LGR8 paracrine system in mediating gonadotropin actions in gonads. We have set up an ovarian gene database (Ovarian Kaleidoscope database at http://ovary.stanford.edu) in which more than 1A 600 ovarian gene pages can be accessed online and searched by gene name, function, mutation phenotype, expression pattern, cellular location and other parameters. Database analysis of polypeptide ligand and receptor genes provides a functional genomic paradigm for the identification of novel ligands and receptors in the ovary. To assist ovarian researchers in the analyses of their DNA array datasets, a Microarray Data Interpreter has been set up in the OKdb to facilitate searches and comparisons of known and novel genes in the ovary.
Design and evaluation of a THz time domain imaging system using standard optical design software (2008)

A terahertz (THz) time domain imaging system is analyzed and optimized with standard optical design software (ZEMAX). Special requirements to the illumination optics and imaging optics are presented. In the optimized system, off-axis parabolic mirrors and lenses are combined. The system has a numerical aperture of 0.4 and is diffraction limited for field points up to 4 mm and wavelengths down to 750 microm. ZEONEX is used as the lens material. Higher aspherical coefficients are used for correction of spherical aberration and reduction of lens thickness. The lenses were manufactured by ultraprecision machining. For optimization of the system, ray tracing and wave-optical methods were combined. We show how the ZEMAX Gaussian beam analysis tool can be used to evaluate illumination optics. The resolution of the THz system was tested with a wire and a slit target, line gratings of different period, and a Siemens star. The behavior of the temporal line spread function can be modeled with the polychromatic coherent line spread function feature in ZEMAX. The spectral and temporal resolutions of the line gratings are compared with the respective modulation transfer function of ZEMAX. For maximum resolution, the system has to be diffraction limited down to the smallest wavelength of the spectrum of the THz pulse. Then, the resolution on time domain analysis of the pulse maximum can be estimated with the spectral resolution of the center of gravity wavelength. The system resolution near the optical axis on time domain analysis of the pulse maximum is 1 line pair/mm with an intensity contrast of 0.22. The Siemens star is used for estimation of the resolution of the whole system. An eight channel electro-optic sampling system was used for detection. The resolution on time domain analysis of the pulse maximum of all eight channels could be determined with the Siemens star to be 0.7 line pairs/mm.
Supplementary Data from MicroRNA-221 Targets Bmf in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Correlates with Tumor Multifocality (2023)

Supplementary Data from MicroRNA-221 Targets Bmf in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Correlates with Tumor Multifocality
DrapeNet: Garment Generation and Self-Supervised Draping (2022)

Recent approaches to drape garments quickly over arbitrary human bodies leverage self-supervision to eliminate the need for large training sets. However, they are designed to train one network per clothing item, which severely limits their generalization abilities. In our work, we rely on self-supervision to train a single network to drape multiple garments. This is achieved by predicting a 3D deformation field conditioned on the latent codes of a generative network, which models garments as unsigned distance fields. Our pipeline can generate and drape previously unseen garments of any topology, whose shape can be edited by manipulating their latent codes. Being fully differentiable, our formulation makes it possible to recover accurate 3D models of garments from partial observations -- images or 3D scans -- via gradient descent. Our code is publicly available at https://github.com/liren2515/DrapeNet .
Dual Frequency Regulation in Pumping Mode in a Wind–Hydro Isolated System (2018)

Frequency control is one of the most critical tasks in isolated power systems, especially in high renewable penetration scenarios. This paper presents a new hydropower pumped-storage dual control strategy that combines variable-speed-driven pumps and fixed-speed-driven pumps. A possible case for implementation of such a control scheme is described based on El Hierro Island’s power system. This isolated power system consists of a hybrid wind pumped-storage hydropower plant and diesel generators. The pumped-storage power plant is divided into a hydropower plant equipped with four Pelton turbines and a pump station equipped with both fixed- and variable-speed pumps. According to the proposed control scheme, frequency regulation will be provided by a dual controller: a continuous controller for the variable-speed pumps and a discrete controller for the fixed-speed pumps. The Pelton units, which operate as synchronous condensers, also supply the power system inertia. Therefore, diesel units may be disconnected, decreasing generation costs and greenhouse gas emissions. Owing to the combination of both controllers and the inertia of the Pelton units, an acceptable frequency regulation can be achieved. This technique has been validated through computer simulations.
Behavior of a train of droplets in a fluidic network with hydrodynamic traps (2010)

The behavior of a droplet train in a microfluidic network with hydrodynamic traps in which the hydrodynamic resistive properties of the network are varied is investigated. The flow resistance of the network and the individual droplets guide the movement of droplets in the network. In general, the flow behavior transitions from the droplets being immobilized in the hydrodynamic traps at low flow rates to breaking up and squeezing of the droplets at higher flow rates. A state diagram characterizing these dynamics is presented. A simple hydrodynamic circuit model that treats droplets as fluidic resistors is discussed, which predicts the experimentally observed flow rates for droplet trapping in the network. This study should enable the rational design of microfuidic devices for passive storage of nanoliter-scale drops.
Characterization of Microemulsions in Supercritical Fluids by Photon Correlation Spectroscopy (1992)

Supercritical fluids (SCFs) as solvents have properties that provide unique advantages. A SCF is a gas heated above its critical temperature and compressed beyond its critical pressure and it possesses both liquid-like and gas-like properties. It is possible to vary these properties in a continuous fashion by changing the temperature and pressure without going through a phase separation. It has been demonstrated that inverse microemulsions can be formed in SCFs. The solubilization capacity, critical micelle concentration, and the strength of micellemicelle interactions depend strongly on the density of the continuous phase.
Frequency-Dependent Recruitment of Fast Amino Acid and Slow Neuropeptide Neurotransmitter Release Controls Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neuron Excitability (2011)

The anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV) is thought to play a key role in regulating the excitability of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons that control fertility. Using an angled, parahorizontal brain slice preparation we have undertaken a series of electrophysiological experiments to examine how the AVPV controls GnRH neurons in adult male and female mice. More than half (59%) of GnRH neurons located in the rostral preoptic area were found to receive monosynaptic inputs from the AVPV in a sex-dependent manner. AVPV stimulation frequencies <1 Hz generated short-latency action potentials in GnRH neurons with GABA and glutamate mediating >90% of the evoked fast synaptic currents. The AVPV GABA input was dominant and found to excite or inhibit GnRH neurons in a cell-dependent manner. Increasing the AVPV stimulation frequency to 5-10 Hz resulted in the appearance of additional poststimulus inhibitory as well as delayed excitatory responses in GnRH neurons that were independent of ionotropic amino acid receptors. The inhibition observed immediately following the end of the stimulation period was mediated partly by GABA(B) receptors, while the delayed activation was mediated by the neuropeptide kisspeptin. The latter response was essentially absent in Gpr54 knock-out mice and abolished by a Gpr54 antagonist. Together, these studies show that AVPV neurons provide direct amino acid and neuropeptidergic inputs to GnRH neurons. Low-frequency activation generates predominant GABA/glutamate release with higher frequency activation recruiting release of kisspeptin. This frequency-dependent release of amino acid and neuropeptide neurotransmitters greatly expands the range of AVPV control of GnRH neuron excitability.
Geminal arsa(III)amide and trisubstituted antimony and bismuth amides from the sterically hindered, N-functionalised amido ligand [{2-(6-Me)C5H3N}NSiMe3]− (2000)

The reaction of the dimeric diethyl ether solvated lithium amide, bis[{2-(6-methyl)pyridyl}trimethylsilylamidolithium dietherate], with two equivalents of arsenic(III) trichloride in diethyl ether affords the amido arsenic dichloride compound [{2-(6-Me)C5H3N}NSiMe3(AsCl2)] (1), while four equivalents of arsenic(III) trichloride in diethyl ether gives the complex [{2-(6-Me)C5H3N}N(AsCl2)2] (3) through the cleavage of the N–Si bond. This compound is also isolated from the redistribution reaction of the previously reported compound [{2-(6-Me)C5H3N}NAsCl]2 (2) with two equivalents of AsCl3 in toluene. The crystal structure of (3) shows it to be monomeric with two geminal AsCl2 groups. One arsenic centre has pyramidal geometry with the other four-coordinate arsenic centre having distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometry with the putative lone pair of electrons occupying an equatorial position. Homoleptic triamido–antimony and –bismuth complexes are prepared from the 2∶3 stoichiometric reaction of MCl3 (M = Sb, Bi) and dimeric lithium amide. The amide nitrogen centres are coordinated fac to the metal centre with each ligand chelating the metal giving it six-fold coordination. The M–N(amide) bonds are much shorter than the M–N(pyridyl) bonds, suggestive of a putative lone pair of electrons intersecting the [N(pyr)]3 plane. This gives the molecule a distorted octahedral shape with a non-crystallographic C3 axis.
Securing netlist-level FPGA design through exploiting process variation and degradation (2012)

The continuously widening gap between the Non-Recurring Engineering(NRE) and Recurring Engineering (RE) costs of producing Integrated Circuit (IC) products in the past few decades gives high incentives to unauthorized cloning and reverse-engineering of ICs. Existing IC Digital Rights Management (DRM) schemes often demands high overhead in area, power, and performance, or require non-volatile storage. Our goal is to develop a novel Intellectual Property (IP) protection technique that offers universal protection to both Application-Specific Integrated Circuits (ASIC) and Field-Programmable Gate-Arrays (FPGAs) from unauthorized manufacturing and reverse engineering. In this paper we show a proof-of-concept implementation of the basic elements of the technique, as well as a case study of applying the anti-cloning technique to a nontrivial FPGA design.
Thermal decomposition of CH3CHO studied by matrix infrared spectroscopy and photoionization mass spectroscopy (2012)

A heated SiC microtubular reactor has been used to decompose acetaldehyde and its isotopomers (CH(3)CDO, CD(3)CHO, and CD(3)CDO). The pyrolysis experiments are carried out by passing a dilute mixture of acetaldehyde (roughly 0.1%-1%) entrained in a stream of a buffer gas (either He or Ar) through a heated SiC reactor that is 2-3 cm long and 1 mm in diameter. Typical pressures in the reactor are 50-200 Torr with the SiC tube wall temperature in the range 1200-1900 K. Characteristic residence times in the reactor are 50-200 μs after which the gas mixture emerges as a skimmed molecular beam at a pressure of approximately 10 μTorr. The reactor has been modified so that both pulsed and continuous modes can be studied, and results from both flow regimes are presented. Using various detection methods (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and both fixed wavelength and tunable synchrotron radiation photoionization mass spectrometry), a number of products formed at early pyrolysis times (roughly 100-200 μs) are identified: H, H(2), CH(3), CO, CH(2)=CHOH, HC≡CH, H(2)O, and CH(2)=C=O; trace quantities of other species are also observed in some of the experiments. Pyrolysis of rare isotopomers of acetaldehyde produces characteristic isotopic signatures in the reaction products, which offers insight into reaction mechanisms that occur in the reactor. In particular, while the principal unimolecular processes appear to be radical decomposition CH(3)CHO (+M) → CH(3) + H + CO and isomerization of acetaldehyde to vinyl alcohol, it appears that the CH(2)CO and HCCH are formed (perhaps exclusively) by bimolecular reactions, especially those involving hydrogen atom attacks.
Polarity Reversal Catalysis in Radical Reductions of Halides by N-Heterocyclic Carbene Boranes (2012)

Otherwise sluggish or completely ineffective radical reductions of alkyl and aryl halides by N-heterocyclic carbene boranes (NHC-boranes) are catalyzed by thiols. Reductions and reductive cyclizations with readily available 1,3-dimethylimidazol-2-ylidene borane and a water-soluble triazole relative are catalyzed by thiophenol and tert-dodecanethiol [C(9)H(19)C(CH(3))(2)SH]. Rate constants for reaction of the phenylthiyl (PhS•) radical with two NHC-boranes have been measured to be ~10(8) M(-1) s(-1) by laser flash photolysis experiments. An analysis of the available evidence suggests the operation of polarity reversal catalysis.