gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Inlet Guide Vanes Prewhirl on Diffuser Inlet Unsteady Flow in a Centrifugal Compressor Stage (2010)

The effects of inlet guide vanes (IGV) prewhirl angles on the diffuser inlet flow filed in a centrifugal compressor were experimentally investigated under design condition by using the X-type hot-film anemometry. The results show that the ensemble-average velocity varies significantly at different IGV prewhirl angles, and the variation patterns are different in spanwise direction. At 10% spanwise position, the ensemble-average attack angle is negative under all three IGV prewhirl angles; at 50% spanwise position, this angle is negative under ?20 degree and 0 degree prewhirl angles, while it is positive close to the main blade wake region under 20 degree prewhirl angle; at 90% spanwise position, the ensemble-average absolute flow angle is almost negative. Under three IGV prewhirl angles, the variations of time-average absolute flow angle are respectively 1.4, 2.2 and 1.3 degree at 10%, 50% and 90% spanwise positions, which indicates that the IGV prewhirl angle has great impact on the diffuser inlet flow angle, and this impact is more remarkable at mid-span than that close to hub and shroud; however, the variations of time-averaged random unsteady fluctuation flow angle at three spanwise positions are all less than 0.6 degree, which are relatively small. Due to the large variation of the absolute outflow angle, the twisting of the diffuser vane leading edge along the axial direction was recommended.
Service-Transport Separated Network Architecture Using MPLS-TP Technologies (2012)

We propose a next-generation service-transport separated network architecture that uses packet technology. The transport network is responsible for the high speed and reliable bit transfer, and the service network is responsible for many types of network services. This separation makes it possible for the next-generation network to achieve both rapid bandwidth spreading and the speedy installation of new services. We also propose a next-generation transport network using the multi-protocol label switching transport profile (MPLS-TP) and optical networking technologies.
Identification of c-kit-positive cells in the mouse ureter: the interstitial cells of Cajal of the urinary tract (2003)

The existence of a pacemaker system in the urinary tract capable of orchestrating the movement of filtrated urine from the ureteral pelvis to the distal ureter and lower urinary tract seems intuitive. The coordinated activity necessary for such movement or "peristalsis" would likely require an intricate network of cells with pacemaker-like activity, as is the case with the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) of the gut. We investigated whether these putative pacemaker cells of the urinary tract are antigenically similar to ICC of the gut by using immunofluorescence staining for c-kit, a cell-surface marker specific for ICC. Ureteral, urinary bladder, and urethral tissues were harvested from female mice of the WBB6F1 strain, and fixed sections were prepared and stained for c-kit. Cell networks composed of stellate-appearing, c-kit-positive, ICC-like cells were found in the lamina propria and at the interface of the inner longitudinal and outer circular muscle layers of the ureteral pelvis but not in the urinary bladder or urethra. Thus, like in the gut, c-kit-positive, ICC-like cells are present in the urinary tract but appear to be restricted to the proximal ureter of this murine species.
Non-invasive Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation Apply to Complete Tetraplegia due to CI Spinal Cord Injury-A case report- (2004)

The patients who have high cervical cord injury with paralysis of diaphragm are not able to live without mechanical ventilatory support. In conventional concept, tracheostomy is necessary for long-term use of mechanical ventilation. We reported a 33-year-old man diagnosed with complete tetraplegia due to C1 spinal cord injury. He had used intermittent mechanical ventilation via tracheostomy tube. He had no movement of diaphragm and showed hypercapnia and hypoxemia without ventilatory support for several hours. He showed 400 ml of vital capacity and unobtainable peak cough flow level but it could be obtained 300 L/min of assisted peak cough flow. Noninvasive intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) was applied from invasive method and decannulation and tracheostomy closure was performed successfully. He had no pulmonary complications for six months. This case could be a good model for the indication of NIPPV application and decannulation.
Invasion percolation model of co-interpenetrating ceramic-metal composites (2002)

An invasion percolation model for simulating the reactive metal infiltration of porous ceramics to form a co-interpenetrating composite is presented. By combining the pore-level dynamics of percolation models with kinetic Monte Carlo phase transformation methods, two thermodynamic driving forces for infiltration are simulated: the applied pressure and the chemical reaction at the ceramic/metal interface. In doing so the model describes both the capillary fingering effects that dominate at high pressures and the evolution of reaction byproduct phases that may cause pore space closure at high temperature. At very high temperature and/or low pressure, a `core-shell' morphology forms. Fingerwidth and pore cluster probabilities are computed to serve as a means for quantifying microstructures. It is demonstrated that the adjustable parameters favourable for the formation of the most highly interconnected composites are high phase transformation rate, low to intermediate invasion pressure, low initial transformation contact angle (low temperature), low kinetic growth rate constant, and low initial matrix porosity. The optimal combinations relating to expected mechanical strength of the composite are presented in the form of Weibull survival probability plots and process maps.
Optical Properties of Blue-Emitting Ce[sub x]Si[sub 6−z]Al[sub z−x]O[sub z+1.5x]N[sub 8−z−x] for White Light-Emitting Diodes (2009)

In this work, blue-emitting phosphors were synthesized by firing powder mixtures of , AlN, , and at for 2 h under 1.0 MPa . The resultant phosphors were characterized by phase identification, diffuse reflectance spectra, photoluminescence spectra, quantum efficiency, and temperature-dependent luminescence. The samples showed high purity at the overall range of the varied and values. A single broad emission band centered at about 486 nm at 410 nm excitation was observed. Moreover, the phosphors showed high thermal stability, which could sustain 79–88% emission intensity measured at room temperature. These results indicate that the phosphors are promising wavelength-conversion materials for white light emitting diodes (LEDs) using near-UV LED chips as the primary light source.
Absorption to and emission from the excited electronic state 11Bu in long linear all‐trans‐polyenes: The case of ttbP9 and ttbP11 (2021)

Abstract A 1:1‐mixture of decalin and methylcyclohexane (v/v), generates a solvent mixture that allows measurements at temperatures as low as 77 K of the emission and absorption spectra of long‐chain linear polyenes. This solvent mixture, on lowering the temperature also generates interesting increases in polarizability and viscosity that undoubtedly facilitate the study of these important compounds. In this study, we show that the two polyenes studied, ttbP9 and ttbP11, generate photophysical behavior that can be explained by the presence of their excited 1 1 Bu state, as the first excited electronic state. Consequently, the solvatochromism of the absorption and the emission of these two polyenes are equally sensitive to the polarizability of the solvent used. We must also point out that the absorption and emission spectra of ttbP9 and ttbP11, whose molecular structures have a long polyene chain, do not show Stokes shift. This is especially relevant when it is commonly accepted that polyene compounds have a Stokes shift that increases with the length of their polyene chain.
Inverse Gas Chromatography Demonstrates the Crystallinity-Dependent Physicochemical Properties of Two-Dimensional Covalent Organic Framework Stationary Phases (2023)

Two-dimensional polymers (2DPs), in the form of layered 2D covalent organic frameworks (COFs), are promising candidates for adsorbent-based separations because their pore sizes, shapes, functionalities, and interlayer stacking arrangements can be tuned by modifying their building blocks. Recently, high-quality single crystals of two 2D COFs exhibited distinct and improved separation characteristics in the gas chromatography (GC) separation of benzene and cyclohexane relative to polycrystalline samples of the same materials. These surprising findings motivate the present study, in which inverse pulse gas chromatography (IGC) was used to characterize the dispersive and specific adsorption properties of the surfaces of single-crystalline and polycrystalline TAPPy-PDA COFs for the separation of linear n-alkanes as well as a series of standard polar probes. Major differences in separation behavior were again observed that provide insight into how analytes interact with the single-crystalline and polycrystalline 2D COFs. A polarity study based on McReynolds constants revealed the nonpolar nature of the single-crystalline TAPPy-PDA COF, whereas the polycrystalline TAPPy-PDA COF surface was found to have a slightly polar character. Three common approaches to calculating the specific interaction parameter, Isp, were tested to examine their validity in the context of 2D COFs, revealing that the single-crystalline TAPPy-PDA COF possessed an electron donor character that we attribute to the imine nitrogen atoms inside the well-defined pore channels. In contrast, the polycrystalline TAPPy-PDA COF showed a relative electron acceptor character, which may be more heavily influenced by interactions between the analytes and dangling bonds or functionalities at grain boundaries. These findings provide a quantitative comparison of 2D COF materials quality by determining the acid–base interactions (represented by the electron donor–acceptor properties), polarity, and other physiochemical parameters. Furthermore, these results indicate the importance of establishing high materials quality for 2D COF samples prior to establishing rigorous structure–property relationships for separation performance.
Development of a Molasses-Based Medium for Agrobacterium tumefaciens Fermentation for Application in Plant-Based Recombinant Protein Production (2023)

The Agrobacterium-mediated transient gene expression system is a rapid and efficient method for heterologous recombinant protein expression in plants. The fermentation of genetically modified Agrobacterium tumefaciens is an important step in increasing the efficiency of recombinant protein production in plants. However, the limitation of this system that makes it economically non-competitive for industrial-scale applications is the Agrobacterium suspension production cost. In this study, the utilization of sugarcane molasses as an alternative low-cost source of carbon at a concentration of 8.7 g/L and nitrogen at a concentration of 2.4 g/L for Agrobacterium cultivation was investigated. Molasses pretreatment using sulfuric acid (SA) was applied before fermentation, and it resulted in a maximum specific growth rate of 0.232 ± 0.0063 h−1 in the A. tumefaciens EHA105 culture. The supplementation of antibiotics in the molasses-based medium was shown to be unnecessary for plasmid maintenance during fermentation in both Agrobacterium strains, which helped to reduce the production cost. We evaluated recombinant protein production using an Agrobacterium culture without antibiotic supplementation in the growth media by demonstrating green fluorescent protein expression in wild-type Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. In the evaluation of the culture medium cost, the molasses-based medium cost was 6.1 times lower than that of LB. Finally, this study demonstrated that the newly developed molasses-based medium for Agrobacterium fermentation is a feasible and effective medium for transient recombinant protein production in plant tissues.
Validation of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Dynamics: A Comparative Analysis of PIV, CFD, and FSI (2009)

Flow visualization techniques provide the opportunity to observe the fluid dynamics phenomena that occur in vascular geometries under specific, known conditions. These conditions can then be used to calibrate computational models of identical geometries, a validation that is useful in the assessment of prospective interventions and perturbations. The present study investigated the flow dynamics within both a rigid abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) model with an iliac bifurcation and a compliant replica. Velocity fields were experimentally measured in vitro using particle image velocimetry (PIV) and compared with transient CFD and FSI analyses. The results show that the CFD approach is able to predict the patterns of flow from the PIV experiments, which arise from the geometry of the AAA. The FSI representation of the compliant wall PIV experiments showed that the in-plane dynamics visualized by PIV matched by FSI in a qualitative manner. Wall deformation, assessed by means of diameter changes in the cardiac cycle at the midsection of the compliant AAA model, was matched by the FSI analysis with a maximum relative difference of 8%.
Biomimetic Core–Shell Fibril for Enhanced Adhesion (2008)

Fibrillar adhesive structures in nature are usually terminated by compliant plate-like elements that are critically important. We have fabricated a simple, model, core-shell fibrillar structure by coating an aluminum wire with (poly)dimethylsiloxane (PDMS). By partially etching the core metal, we obtain a compliant annular terminus. Measurements of the force required for this structure to detach from and slide against a glass substrate show that sliding is accommodated by a stick-slip mechanism and that substantial enhancement of adhesion can be achieved. A simple theoretical model, which is in good agreement with experimental data, shows that during the sticking phase the contact reduces in size and the mechanics of this process is controlled by the balance of energy release from the stretched PDMS and adhesion between it and the substrate.
Effect Of Graded Exercise On Ror And Blood Oxidative-stress In Trained And Untrained Subjects (2020)

Submaximal graded exercise testing is a commonly used method to assess cardiovascular stress. Reserve of repolarization of the heart (RoR) is an ECG-based, non-invasive method to monitor the heart’s stress response, and assesses cardiac cells ability to reestablish their membrane potential. RoR has been shown to be a useful indicator of cardiovascular disease risk in cardiac patients. This study examined RoR difference between trained (T) and untrained (U) individuals and correlate this outcome with blood stress markers. PURPOSE: To determine if RoR and blood stress markers in response to a graded exercise in T and U cohorts differ. METHODS: Thirty-nine (male and female) subjects (23.6 ±5.6 yrs) were recruited. Subjects arrived after overnight fast between 7-9 am and rested for 20 minutes. Subjects completed a fitness questionnaire to determine training status (T or U). ECGs (12 lead) were monitored before, during and after exercise to obtain RoR. A graded walking test (GXT) on a treadmill until 85% of estimated maximum heart rate was performed. Blood obtained at rest and immediately after exercise were analyzed using HPLC for glutathione (oxidized [GSSG], reduced [GSH], total [TGSH]). Repeated measures ANOVAs were utilized to analyze the results using SPSS v24 with significance set at α = 0.05. RESULTS: There were significantly lower resting HRs (p = .023) and higher workloads achieved during testing (p = .002) between T vs U groups. Resting RoR (independent of group) was significantly reduced from 75±5% pre-test to 26±10% RoR at the end of exercise (p < .001). Final stage RoR was significantly lower for T compared to U group (T: 20±9.4%; U: 31±9.4%, p = .041), but T group performed significantly greater stages (p=0.002). The GXT induced a reduction in blood GSH (Pre 366 ±161 μM, Post 273±180 μM, p < .001) and an increase of GSSG (Pre 135 ±62 μM, Post 157±83 μM, p = .038) with no difference between groups. GSSG/TGSH decreased after GXT (p=0.028) independent of group. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that a GXT induces a different stress response in T and U individuals. The oxidative stress at end GXT was similar but needed more workloads to get to this same internal stress level in the T group. Further studies are needed to ascertain stress responses with RoR and relative workloads.
Modeling of an electrostatically actuated microelectromechanical (MEMS) speaker system (2013)

The market for tablets, laptops and mobile devices is increasing rapidly. Device housings get thinner and energy efficiency plays a major role for battery-powered devices. Microelectromechanical (MEMS) loudspeakers, fabricated in complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) compatible technology merge energy efficient driving technology with cost economical fabrication processes. Fabricating these devices is a elaborating and expensively task. Therefore, the need of computer models, capable of precisely simulating the multi-field interactions is strongly increasing. We use a system of coupled partial differential equations (PDEs) describing the interaction between the electrostatic, mechanical and acoustical field and apply finite element method FEM to solve them. Additionally, we fully take nonlinear effects like large deformations or stress stiffening effects into account. Mortar FEM is used, to efficiently handle the coupling between mechanical and acoustical field. In combination with special boundary conditions, like perfectly matched layers (PML) truncated propagation regions can be applied in the model. We will present simulations of a MEMS speaker system based on a single sided driving mechanism starting at the electric potential applied on the two electrodes and resulting in the generated sound pressure level (SPL).
Browsing Isolated Population Data (2005)

Abstract Background In our studies of genetically isolated populations in a remote mountain area in the center of Sardinia (Italy), we found that 80–85% of the inhabitants of each village belong to a single huge pedigree with families strictly connected to each other through hundreds of loops. Moreover, intermarriages between villages join pedigrees of different villages through links that make family trees even more complicated. Unfortunately, none of the commonly used pedigree drawing tools are able to draw the complete pedigree, whereas it is commonly accepted that the visual representation of families is very important as it helps researchers in identifying clusters of inherited traits and genotypes. We had a representation issue that compels researchers to work with subsets extracted from the overall genealogy, causing a serious loss of information on familiar relationships. To visually explore such complex pedigrees, we developed PedNavigator, a browser for genealogical databases properly suited for genetic studies. Results The PedNavigator is useful for genealogical research due to its capacity to represent family relations between persons and to make a visual verification of the links during family history reconstruction. As for genetic studies, it is helpful to follow propagation of a specific set of genetic markers (haplotype), or to select people for linkage analysis, showing relations between various branch of a family tree of affected subjects. Availability PedNavigator is an application integrated into a Framework designed to handle data for human genetic studies based on the Oracle platform. To allow the use of PedNavigator also to people not owning the same required informatics infrastructure or systems, we developed PedNavigator Lite with mainly the same features of the integrated one, based on MySQL database server. This version is free for academic users, and it is available for download from our site http://www.shardna.com .
A time- and frequency-domain characterization of a thin-film metamorphic HEMT under modulated backside illumination (2004)

This article shows how the opto-electrical interaction of a microwave device, that is, a metamorphic HEMT, can be characterized by combining a large-signal network analyzer setup with a modulated laser (1550-nm) module. Furthermore, an optically tunable oscillator has been realized in multilayer thin-film technology. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE 14: 535–542, 2004.
Simian Virus 40 Large Tumor Antigen Modulates the Raf Signaling Pathway (2001)

The large tumor antigen of simian virus 40 (SVLT) is a potent oncogene. Although inactivation of the p53 and pRb tumor suppressors has been causally linked to the transforming properties of SVLT, its exact mechanism of action remains undefined. Previous data indicated that Ras is activated in SVLT-expressing cells. In this report we show that SVLT also increases Raf kinase activity in both insect and mammalian cells, thus identifying the Raf kinase as an additional target of SVLT. Our results further show that SVLT was still able to activate Raf in cells where Ras levels had been drastically reduced through expression of an antisense construct, indicating that SVLT may activate Raf at least partly by a mechanism that is independent of its stimulatory effect on Ras.
Ligustolide A and B, Two Novel Sesquiterpenes with Rare Skeletons and Three 1,10‐seco‐Guaianolide Derivatives from Achillea ligustica. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A sixteen level scheme enabling 64 Mbit flash memory using 16 Mbit technology (2002)

Multilevel flash memories have been shown to double storage capacity without changing device dimensions. In this work, it is demonstrated for the first time that sixteen levels can be stored within a small 2.5 V spread, quadrupling memory size with four bits/cell. A new method is used to calculate programmed threshold voltages, V/sub t/'s, showing that transistor V/sub t/'s may overlap while logical V/sub t/'s remain distinct. A ten-year equivalent data retention bake demonstrates the feasibility of this approach for producing 64 Mbit storage capacity using existing 16 Mbit NOR stacked-gate technology.
Iron-induced susceptibility effect at the globus pallidus causes underestimation of flow and volume on dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced MR perfusion images. (2002)

Iron-induced susceptibility effect may lead to underestimation of relative cerebral blood flow and relative cerebral blood volume in the basal ganglia.
The MC4 receptor mediates α-MSH induced release of nucleus accumbens dopamine (2001)

Strong evidence suggests a functional link between the melanocortin and dopamine systems. alpha-Melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) induced grooming behaviour, which can be blocked by dopamine receptor antagonists, is associated with increased dopaminergic transmission in the striatal regions. Whether this effect is mediated specifically by melanocortin (MC) receptors has not previously been established. Using in vivo microdialysis on anesthesized rats we have shown that alpha- MSH administered into the ventral tegmental area induced a significant increase in dopamine and DOPAC levels in the nucleus accumbens. This increase was completely blocked by pre-treatment with the MC4 receptor selective antagonist HS131, indicating that the effects of alpha-MSH on dopamine transmission may be mediated by the MC4 receptor.