gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A TEST FACILITY FOR PCSS TRIGGERED PULSED POWER SWITCHES. (2016)

Abstract not provided.
Narrow Ka bandpass filters using periodically loaded substrates (2003)

High-k ceramics (TiO/sub 2/) are periodically embedded into a polymer based host material to create a filter utilizing the two-dimensional stopband of the periodic dielectric materials. The high-k ceramic rods (/spl epsiv//spl sim/90) are periodically spaced in a commercially-available Teflon-based host, to create a material that will inhibit propagation in two-dimensions. The inhibition of energy is used to create a resonance (termed a defect resonance), which in turn serves as the basis to create a filter. 2 and 4 pole filters were designed using this technology. The filter comprises a narrow passband region residing within the material stopband (12.1 GHz to 24.2 GHz). A/spl sim/1% bandwidth filter design yielded measured insertion losses of 1.13 dB and 1.69 dB @ 20.45 GHz for 2 and 4 pole filters respectively, correlating to an unloaded Q of approximately 1100. A maximal discrepancy of 2% was achieved on all measures of filter performance.
In situ simultaneous measurement of temperature and thin film thickness with ultrasonic techniques (2002)

A novel technique to measure in situ, simultaneously, temperature and thin film thickness during semiconductor processing is described in this paper. The measurement technique is based on the principle that the velocity of an ultrasonic Lamb wave propagating in a silicon wafer is a function of both the wafer temperature and the thin film coating on the wafer surface. We are able to obtain the processing temperature and film thickness simultaneously with two sets of sensors operating at two distinct frequencies, 0.5 MHz and 1.5 MHz. This technique is demonstrated in an aluminum sputtering system. We have achieved a temperature measurement accuracy of /spl plusmn/0.15/spl deg/C and an aluminum film thickness resolution of /spl plusmn/170 /spl Aring/. The measurement does not depend on the optical or the electrical properties of either the wafer or the film material, and is insensitive to the processing environment. With its high measurement accuracy and setup simplicity, this sensor system carries great potential in semiconductor process monitoring and control.
The Effect Of A Graded Band Gap Window On The Performance Of A Single Junction Alxga1-Xas/Gaas Solar Cell (2010)

We have modeled the effect of a graded band gap window on the performance of a single junction AlxGa1-xAs/GaAs solar cell. First, we study the electrical characteristics of a single junction AlxGa1-xAs/GaAs solar cell, by employing an optimized structure for this solar cell, we show that grading the band gap of the window can increase the conversion efficiency of the solar cell by about 1.5%, and can also improve the quantum efficiency of the solar cell especially at shorter wavelengths.
A fluctuation wave mechanism of membrane electrofusion (2007)

Fusion requires close approach and destabilization of the membranes and the intervening liquid layer. Due to thermal motion or other reasons the thickness of the membranes and the distance between them fluctuate. External electric fields can change the amplitude of the fluctuations and induce instability. On oen hand, the field can induce attractive forces between the membranes. On the other hand, it can destabilize and rupture the membranes themselves. The kinetics of the fluctuation wave growth depends on the viscosities of the membranes and the medium between them as well as the other physical parameters and the amplitude of the applied electric field. We suggested a simple model to calculate the characteristic times of unstable fluctuation waves which can lead to fusion. The basic conclusion is that the fluctuation-wave mechanism is kinetically favorable for establishing close local contact between the membranes. It can also be responsible for formation of hydrophilic pores in the membranes which can serve as sites for inducing fusion. This mechanism is operating for the initial stages of electrofusion. These results do not disprove other possible mechanisms.
Privacy-preserving nearest neighbor methods: comparing signals without revealing them (2013)

Comparing two signals is one of the most essential and prevalent tasks in signal processing. A large number of applications fundamentally rely on determining the answers to the following two questions: 1) How should two signals be compared? 2) Given a set of signals and a query signal, which signals are the nearest neighbors (NNs) of the query signal, i.e., which signals in the database are most similar to the query signal? The NN search problem is defined as follows: Given a set S containing points in a metric space M, and a query point x !M, find the point in S that is closest to x. The problem can be extended to K-NN, i.e., determining the K signals nearest to x. In this context, the points in question are signals, such as images, videos, or other waveforms. The qualifier closest refers to a distance metric, such as the Euclidean distance or Manhattan distance between pairs of points in S. Finding the NN of the query point should be at most linear in the database size and is a well-studied problem in conventional NN settings.
Polymerization shrinkage in dental composite restorations (2013)

status: Published
ChemInform Abstract: Lanthanoids and Actinoids. Annual Survey Covering the Years 1984‐1986 (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Cationic polymerization by cyclic halonium ions I. The 2,5‐dimethylhexane/Bcl3/isobutylene system (1986)

Abstract Aged 2,5‐dichloro‐2,5‐dimethylhexane (DDH)/BCl 3 mixtures readily initiate the polymerization of isobutylene in CH 2 Cl 2 at −35°C and yield asymmetric telechelic polyisobutylenes in the liquid range with narrow molecular weight distributions (M w /M n &lt; 2.0). Kinetic studies indicate that chain transfer monomer is absent and DDH is not a chain transfer agent (i.e., inifer). According to results of model experiments, 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopy, chlorine‐content, dehydrochlorination, and IR studies, the structure of the head group of the polyisobutylene product is Cl(CH 3 ) 2 CH 2 CH 2 C(CH 3 ) 2 ‐and that of the tail group is ‐CH 2 C(CH 3 ) 2 Cl. In line with the results of kinetic investigations and structure characterization studies it is postulated that the initiating cation is a cyclic chloronium ion formed from the DDH during aging in the presence of BCl 3 : magnified image
Low temperature bonding of LiNbO 3 waveguide chips to Si substrates in air (2005)

This paper describes the low-temperature bonding of a lithium niobate (LiNbO3) waveguide chip to a silicon (Si) substrate for integrated optical systems. The bonding was achieved by introducing the surface activation by plasma irradiation into the flip-chip bonding process. After the surfaces of the Au thin films (thickness: 100 nm) of the LiNbO3 chip and the Si substrate were cleaned using an Ar radio frequency (RF) plasma, Au-Au bonding was carried out only by contact in ambient air with applied static pressure. The bonded chips fractured at bonding temperature higher than 150°C because of the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) mismatch. The LiNbO<sub>3 </sub>chips were successfully bonded to the Si substrates at relatively low temperature (100°C). The die-shear strength of the LiNbO<sub>3</sub> chip was estimated to be more than 12 kg (3.8 MPa), the upper limit of our shear testing equipment.
Hepatic adenoma: MR appearance mimicking focal nodular hyperplasia. (1988)

A hepatic adenoma (HA) nearly isointense to normal liver on short and long repetition and echo time spin echo pulse sequences is presented. Contrary to previous expectations, the case shows that a single hepatic mass with these signal characteristics on magnetic resonance without a scar may represent either HA or focal nodular hyperplasia.
Do Gradient Inversion Attacks Make Federated Learning Unsafe? (2022)

Federated learning (FL) allows the collaborative training of AI models without needing to share raw data. This capability makes it especially interesting for healthcare applications where patient and data privacy is of utmost concern. However, recent works on the inversion of deep neural networks from model gradients raised concerns about the security of FL in preventing the leakage of training data. In this work, we show that these attacks presented in the literature are impractical in FL use-cases where the clients' training involves updating the Batch Normalization (BN) statistics and provide a new baseline attack that works for such scenarios. Furthermore, we present new ways to measure and visualize potential data leakage in FL. Our work is a step towards establishing reproducible methods of measuring data leakage in FL and could help determine the optimal tradeoffs between privacy-preserving techniques, such as differential privacy, and model accuracy based on quantifiable metrics. Code is available at https://nvidia.github.io/NVFlare/research/quantifying-data-leakage.
Pleomorphes Adenom mit pulmonaler Metastasierung (2019)

Das pleomorphe Adenom (PA) ist mit ca. 70% der mit Abstand häufigste benigne Speicheldrüsentumor und meistens (ca. 80%) in der Glandula parotis lokalisiert. Frauen werden etwas häufiger betroffen als Männer und der Altersgipfel liegt zwischen dem 30. und 40. Lebensjahr. Beim PA handelt es sich um einen gutartigen Tumor bei dem es jedoch in 2 – 4% der Fälle zu einer malignen Entartung kommen kann.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Adenophostin A (IIa) and Congeners Modified at Glucose (IIb) and (IIc). (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Intramolecular, Metal-Promoted [6π+2π] Triene/Alkyne Cycloaddition Reactions (1997)

Intramolecular, Cr(0)-promoted [6π+2π] cycloaddition of alkynes tethered to cyclic triene ligands affords a variety of tricyclic adducts in good yield.
The Stoichiometric Matrix (2015)

The reactions that comprise a biological network can be represented by chemical equations. The stoichiometric matrix is formed from these chemical equations. It has several important attributes. In this chapter we focus on four principal views of the stoichiometric matrix and its content: (i) it is a data matrix, (ii) it is a connectivity matrix, (iii) it is a mathematical mapping operation, and (iv) it is a central part of in silico models used to compute steady and dynamic network states. These features are summarized in Figure 9.1.
High‐Mobility Ultrathin Semiconducting Films Prepared by Spin Coating. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Follow‐up comment on the use of alternative mass reference standards for Direct Analysis in Real Time mass spectrometry (2016)

Table S1. Elemental compositions for peaks in the positive-ion DART mass spectrum of Jeffamine® M-600. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Plasmonic Biomimetic Nanocomposite with Spontaneous Subwavelength Structuring as Broadband Absorbers (2018)

Broadband plasmonic absorbers are essential components for photovoltaic, photothermal, and light-emitting devices. They are often made by lithographic processes that impart out-of-plane surface features with subwavelength dimensions to metallic films. However, lithographic subwavelength patterning of inexpensive plasmonic ceramics, such as TiN, is challenging because of high-temperature processing and the chemical robustness of these materials. In this work, we show that layer-by-layer assembly (LbL) of TiN plasmonic nanoparticles with polyelectrolytes results in spontaneous formation of out-of-plane topography with subwavelength dimensions. The columnar morphology of these corrugated coatings and their plasmonic functionality results in broadband absorption capabilities exemplified by 90% of the light from the ultraviolet to infrared parts of the spectrum being absorbed. The method is applicable to large, flexible, and conformal surfaces with complex geometry. It is also fast, scalable, and environmentally friendly. LBL processing of TiN nanoparticles demonstrates the possibility of replacement of lithographic patterning with stochastic self-assembly processes in manufacturing of photonic metasurfaces.
Evaluation of a prototype dual‐energy computed tomographic apparatus. II. Determination of vertebral bone mineral content (1986)

A prototype dual-energy computed tomographic (CT) scanner (Siemens Somatom DR3) with rapid kVp switching and prereconstruction processing has been used to measure vertebral bone mineral density. With this approach misregistration and beam hardening inaccuracies can be reduced considerably. Basis material images of aluminum- and Lucite-equivalent density enable measurements of bone mineral density that are nearly independent of the amount of marrow fat. To simulate variable marrow fat, alcohol-water mixtures were used as media in calibration standards. A section of dried trabecular bone was also scanned immersed in varying alcohol-water mixtures. In both simulations it was shown that the dual-energy measurement is nearly independent of marrow composition whereas the single-energy measurement would be strongly influenced by marrow fat. Dual-energy CT was compared to dual-photon absorptiometry (153Gd) for the measurement of bone mineral mass of ten excised human vertebrae. There was a high degree of correlation between the two measurements (r = 0.97). Dual-energy and single-energy CT measurements on 17 patients with suspected metabolic bone disease strongly support the conclusion that the influence of fat can lead to significant errors in single-energy determinations of the mineral density of trabecular bone.
Carbon Nanohorn-Derived Graphene Nanotubes as a Platinum-Free Fuel Cell Cathode (2015)

Current low-temperature fuel cell research mainly focuses on the development of efficient nonprecious electrocatalysts for the reduction of dioxygen molecule due to the reasons like exorbitant cost and scarcity of the current state-of-the-art Pt-based catalysts. As a potential alternative to such costly electrocatalysts, we report here the preparation of an efficient graphene nanotube based oxygen reduction electrocatalyst which has been derived from single walled nanohorns, comprising a thin layer of graphene nanotubes and encapsulated iron oxide nanoparticles (FeGNT). FeGNT shows a surface area of 750 m2/g, which is the highest ever reported among the metal encapsulated nanotubes. Moreover, the graphene protected iron oxide nanoparticles assist the system to attain efficient distribution of Fe–Nx and quaternary nitrogen based active reaction centers, which provides better activity and stability toward the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in acidic as well as alkaline conditions. Single cell performance of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell by using FeGNT as the cathode catalyst delivered a maximum power density of 200 mW cm–2 with Nafion as the proton exchange membrane at 60 °C. The facile synthesis strategy with iron oxide encapsulated graphitic carbon morphology opens up a new horizon of hope toward developing Pt-free fuel cells and metal-air batteries along with its applicability in other energy conversion and storage devices.
Broadband modeling and transient analysis of MCM interconnections (1994)

In this paper, conductive losses of multi-chip module interconnections are analysed. A distributed network model for the conductor surface impedance is extended to include the transition from DC resistivity to high frequency losses and to cover the effect of barrier and adhesion layers. Using this model, a broadband loss expression is derived. This loss expression can be implemented in network simulators for transient analysis of lossy interconnections. The validity and applicability of the model is experimentally verified by comparison with measured S-parameters. Measurements extend from 45 MHz to 18 GHz. They are performed on test structures realised with two different MCM-D technologies. Excellent correspondence between measurements and simulations is achieved, even when magnetic effects of a thick nickel barrier layer are involved. The models are incorporated in the transient analysis network simulation program Transplus. Several simulation examples using Transplus are shown.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
GSK3β Inhibition Promotes Efficient Myeloid and Lymphoid Hematopoiesis from Non-human Primate-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (2016)

Advances in the scalable production of blood cells from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) open prospects for the clinical translation of de novo generated blood products, and evoke the need for preclinical evaluation of their efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity in large animal models. Due to substantial similarities with humans, the outcomes of cellular therapies in non-human primate (NHP) models can be readily extrapolated to a clinical setting. However, the use of this model is hampered by relatively low efficiency of blood generation and lack of lymphoid potential in NHP-iPSC differentiation cultures. Here, we generated transgene-free iPSCs from different NHP species and showed the efficient induction of mesoderm, myeloid, and lymphoid cells from these iPSCs using a GSK3β inhibitor. Overall, our studies enable scalable production of hematopoietic progenitors from NHP-iPSCs, and lay the foundation for preclinical testing of iPSC-based therapies for blood and immune system diseases in an NHP model.
Long life ups based on active filter and flywheel without electrolytic capacitor (2007)

This paper describes single-phase Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) with active filter and flywheel. The UPS consists of a diode rectifier, a single-phase inverter, a flywheel energy storage unit with PM motor/generator and a three-phase inverter, not using a bulky electrolytic capacitor, battery and filter reactor. It contains many excellent characteristics: small size, lightweight and maintenance- free. The switching frequency of the single-phase inverter is more efficient with low frequency, which is synchronous with source voltage. However, it can supply stable power with the load. The unity input power factor control and the sinusoidal current waveform control of input side are realized by the active filter ability with quick energy charge/discharge control based on flywheel. The proposed system gives rise to sinusoidal output voltage waveform without LC filter. In this paper, the experiments are carried out under the structural conditions of using the pilot flywheel unit and the driving simulator of PM motor/generator connected to flywheel. The results indicate that the UPS has a desired active filter operation, and supplies the stable power with the load under any power condition.
Does Subclassification of Pathologically Organ Confined (pT2) Prostate Cancer Provide Prognostic Discrimination of Outcomes after Radical Prostatectomy? (2018)

Subclassification of pT2 prostate cancer is not a prognostic indicator of survival related outcomes after radical prostatectomy. Our results validate the elimination of pT2 substages in the updated staging system.
Characteristics of liposomal encapsulation of an archetypal multi-kinase inhibitor in terms of antitumor activity and avoidance of systemic toxicity. (2015)

e13589 Background: Staurosporine (STS) class drugs exhibit a unique and broad spectrum inhibition of intracellular signaling pathways, and even low doses potently overcome the chemotherapy resistant cellular compartment of a wide range of tumors. The development of STS analogs, called “staralogs” has attracted much interest from academia, the pharmaceutical industry, and the NCI, and the 7-hydroxy analog UCN-01 has been the focus of 22 NIH sponsored Phase II/III clinical trials in solid tumors including glioblastoma (GBM). However, persistent pharmacokinetic and toxicity issues have uniformly prevented approval for clinical use. One solution may be liposomal drug reformulation which is increasingly being used with potent antitumor agents that failed translation. Methods: Liposomal loading of staralogs has proved inadequate so we sought to develop novel methods based on pH gradients, lipid composition, buffer composition and temperature regime, to achieve efficient loading of the class archetype, STS. We tested liposomal STS (LSTS) in two murine models of glioblastoma (GBM), a flank tumor and an orthotopic model that emulates the invasive natural history of GBM. We also assessed biodistribution and toxicity of LSTS using body weight, blood chemistry and liver enzymes. Results: We developed a novel method to attain > 95% liposomal loading of the class parent compound, STS as well as UCN-01. The liposomal STS (LSTS) formulation demonstrated: 1) striking suppression of murine flank tumors; 2) most recently penetration of the primary tumor and its invasive margin to yield greatly increased survival in a clinically relevant orthotopic GBM model, and; 3)no evidence of toxicity based on body weight, blood chemistry and liver enzymes, compared to free STS. Conclusions: This study demonstrated for the first time preferential tumor accumulation of LSTS and potent antitumor activity at a low systemic dose with no apparent toxicity. The present report provides the basis for pursuing comprehensive preclinical studies on the efficacy, pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and toxicology of a range of encapsulated STS compounds for solid tumor therapy.
Concatenated error-correcting entropy codes and channel codes (2004)

We propose a general class of concatenated error-correcting entropy codes and channel codes. In this way we extend and generalize the existing body of work on iterative decoding of entropy and channel codes. Using the structure and properties of serial concatenated codes, we employ error-correcting entropy codes as the outer code, and a convolutional codes as the inner code. The generalization from entropy codes to redundant entropy codes allows powerful error correction similar to turbo codes. We provide upper bounds for the concatenated entropy code and channel code. We also show that iterative decoding of the proposed concatenated code outperforms iterative decoding of previously reported entropy and channel codes that operate at the same overall rate.