gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Observation of two- and three-dimensional magnesium oxide nanostructures formed by thermal treatment of magnesium diboride powder (2002)

A simple thermal treatment has been used to produce a variety of elongated single crystalline magnesium oxide nanostructures. Incipient evaporation of a magnesium diboride starting powder combined with a mixed oxygen/argon process gas provided the constituents for nanostructure growth. Electron diffraction and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy confirm the single crystalline nature and chemical composition of the objects, and the atomic surface plane is observed to be of the (001) type. Transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy reveal several MgO morphologies including linear nanobelts and two- and three-dimensional entities that contain approximately ninety degree angles. Atomic steps are observed on the inner edges of these angles, but are absent from the outer rims. The experimental conditions used to form these nanoscale materials and possible applications are described.
Development of Haemophilus influenzae Type b Meningitis in a Household Contact Treated with Rifampin (1982)

Household contacts less than 48 months of age who are exposed to cases of invasive Haemophilus influenzae disease are at increased risk of developing secondary disease.1 Prophylaxis ofcontacts with rifampin has been proposed.1 The effectiveness of rifampin prophylaxis in prevention of secondary cases remains controversial, but to date there have been no reported cases of disease in family members who received prophylaxis. The purpose of this communication is to describe the occurrence of Haemophilus meningitis in a household contact who had been treated with rifampin using a dose and regimen currently considered to be optimal.1 We also explored the complex epidemiology of transmission of Haemophilus in this family by use of a recently described technique for subtyping of isolates by outer membrane protein profiles.2
ChemInform Abstract: Concise Two‐Step Solution Phase Syntheses of Four Novel Dihydroquinazoline Scaffolds. (2010)

Abstract Ugi four‐component reaction of mono N‐Boc protected o‐aminobenzylamines such as (I) and following acid catalyzed dehydrative cyclization offers a simple route to different types of pharmaceutically important title scaffolds.
High-Energy-Density Coating of High Temperature Advanced Materials for Energy-Efficient Performance (2005)

Laser and IR lamp based synthesis and oxidation/corrosion evaluation of Fe-Al coatings.
Covariance Matrix Reconstruction of Nonclassical Light Generated On-Chip (2022)

We reconstruct covariance matrices of two-mode states generated in an above-threshold on-chip optical parametric oscillator. Up to 2.3 dB squeezing is directly observed and all quadratures are measured, as a function of pump intensity.
Combined treatment with HMGN1 and anti-CD4 depleting antibody reverses T cell exhaustion and exerts robust anti-tumor effects in mice (2019)

The HMGN1/αCD4 treatment expanded effector CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells and prolonged their anti-tumor activities by rescuing them from exhaustion, thus resulting in tumor regression and even rejection in long-term monitored mice.
Hand-Assisted Laparoscopic Heminephrectomy in Horseshoe Kidney (2004)

Background and Purpose: Horseshoe kidneys are the most common renal fusion anomalies. In surgery on normal kidneys, the use of minimally invasive techniques has decreased morbidity and improved postoperative care. However, aberrant vasculature, abnormal kidney location, and the renal isthmus present technical challenges to the laparoscopic management of horseshoe kidneys. We describe a case of heminephrectomy using hand-assisted laparoscopic techniques. Methods: A 35-year-old female patient with a horseshoe kidney was evaluated for recurrent nephrolithiasis and infections. Despite multiple previous percutaneous stone removal procedures, she continued to have symptomatic nephrolithiasis in the atrophic and obstructed right renal moiety. A transperitoneal hand-assisted laparoscopic heminephrectomy was performed on the right side. The aberrant vessels were identified and divided while the renal isthmus was divided using an endoscopic stapler. Results: The operative time was 165 minutes, while the estimated blood loss was 200 mL. There were no intraoperative complications. Postoperative pain was minimal, and the hospital stay was 4 days. The patient remains asymptomatic 6 months after her partial nephrectomy, with stable renal function. Conclusion: Hand-assisted laparoscopic heminephrectomy provides a safe treatment option for patients with an atrophic, obstructed moiety in a horseshoe kidney.
A Window of Opportunity: Using Real-Time Data During Casing Exits (2009)

Abstract Today's reserves are often stranded in deep, complex reservoirs and, due to economic or environmental constraints, sometimes have to be connected from a single drill site, resulting in wellbore construction methods such as extended-reach drilling (ERD) and multilaterals. Casing exits often play a crucial part in these types of wellbore construction methods. Milling a long window with low dogleg severity is the key to success since every subsequent run into the wellbore – rotary steerable system, liner and completion systems – will have to pass through the window unobstructed. The successful execution of a casing exit based on surface parameters alone becomes more and more challenging as depth and deviation of the application increases. A system has been developed that measures all the physical parameters downhole at the window-milling assembly itself, and transmits them to surface for rig-site and remote viewing, enabling real-time control of casing exit operations. The system captures and processes all the milling parameters downhole and then uses measurement-while-drilling mud pulse telemetry or stiff-line / wired pipe to send selected and critical information to surface. The window-milling process can be enhanced by monitoring dynamic behavior such as mill vibration, weight on bit and bending moment to make real-time decisions and reduce risk and nonproductive time (NPT). This paper describes the downhole performance sub technology and closed-loop control system, and demonstrates by a number of case histories the risk-reduction value of monitoring the downhole parameters in real time. The case histories presented includeboth drillpipe-deployed as well as coiled-tubing-deployed casing exit systems.
Microfluidic-based graphene field effect transistor for femtomolar detection of chlorpyrifos (2019)

Chlorpyrifos is one of the most widely used pesticides that acts on the nervous system by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase. Prolonged use of chlorpyrifos causes severe neurological, autoimmune, and persistent developmental disorders in humans. Therefore, in this study, a highly sensitive and robust biosensor platform was devised by fabricating graphene field effect transistors (graFET) on Si/SiO<sub>2</sub> substrate for the detection of chlorpyrifos in real samples. Anti-chlorpyrifos antibodies were immobilized successfully on the graphene surface. Under optimal conditions, graFET sensor showed an excellent response for chlorpyrifos detection in the linear range of 1 fM to 1 µM with a limit of detection up to 1.8 fM in spiked samples. The developed graFET biosensor is highly stable, sensitive, and specific for chlorpyrifos as confirmed by its significant ability to detect changes in electrostatic potential. These findings signify useful efficacy of immunobiosensors for the detection of chlorpyrifos and other organophosphates in fruits and vegetables.
The mouse antibody response to infection with Cryptococcus neoformans: VH and VL usage in polysaccharide binding antibodies. (1991)

Cryptococcus neoformans is a ubiquitous fungus that can cause serious infections in humans. The fungus has a polysaccharide (C. neoformans capsular polysaccharide; CNPS) capsule that contributes to its pathogenicity and can elicit an antibody response. Nevertheless, only 4 of 60 BALB/c mice chronically infected with C. neoformans had a detectable increase in serum anti-CNPS. The sera of three responder mice contained both IgM and IgG anti-CNPS antibody, and the titers of lambda and kappa anti-CNPS antibody were approximately equal. Eight IgM and one IgG3 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were generated from the spleen of one responder mouse, and one IgA was generated from the spleen of another mouse. Seven of the IgMs, the IgG3, and the IgA mAb had lambda light chains and were specific for serotype D CNPS. Molecular analysis confirmed that this was a highly restricted antibody response. All of the D-specific antibodies used VH441, JH3, and either V lambda 2/J lambda 2 or V lambda 1/J lambda 1, and all had the same heavy chain CDR3 amino acid sequence, even though there were differences in the nucleotide sequence of the N/D segment. One IgM mAb reacted with both serotype A and D CNPS, and this mAb used different VH and JH genetic elements and had kappa light chains. All the anti-CNPS mAbs used J proximal VH gene elements that have previously been shown to bind dextran and other polysaccharides. Sequence and Southern blot analysis indicate that the serotype-D CNPS-specific mAbs arose from only a few precursor B cells.
ChemInform Abstract: Lipase‐Mediated Desymmetrization of meso 2,6‐Di(acetoxymethyl) tetrahydropyran‐4‐one Derivatives. An Innovative Route to Enantiopure 2,4,6‐Trifunctionalized C‐Glycosides. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Evidence for ineffective erythropoiesis in severe sickle cell disease (2005)

Peripheral destruction of sickled erythrocytes is a cardinal feature of sickle cell disease (SCD). Less well established is the potential contribution of ineffective erythropoiesis to the pathophysiology of this hemoglobinopathy. Since patients with SCD frequently develop mixed hematopoietic chimerism after allogeneic nonmyeloablative stem cell transplantation, we used this opportunity to directly compare the differentiation and survival of SCD and donor-derived erythropoiesis in vivo. Donor and recipient erythropoiesis was compared in 4 patients with SCD and 4 without SCD who developed stable mixed hematopoietic chimerism following transplant. Molecular analysis of chimerism in peripheral blood and bone marrow demonstrated higher expression of donor-derived beta-globin RNA relative to the level of donor-derived genomic DNA in patients with SCD. Analysis of chimerism in immature (glycophorin A-positive [GYPA(+)], CD71(hi)) and mature (GYPA(+), CD71(neg)) erythroblasts confirmed the intramedullary loss of SS erythroblasts with progressive maturation. In patients with SCD, relative enrichment of donor erythroid precursors began to appear at the onset of hemoglobinization. Ineffective erythropoiesis of homozygous hemoglobin S (SS) progenitors thus provides a maturation advantage for homozygous hemoglobin A (AA) or heterozygous hemoglobin S/hemoglobin A (SA) donor erythroid precursor cells that results in greater donor contribution to overall erythropoiesis following stem-cell transplantation and improvement of clinical disease.
Imaging workflow and calibration for CT-guided time-domain fluorescence tomography (2011)

In this study, several key optimization steps are outlined for a non-contact, time-correlated single photon counting small animal optical tomography system, using simultaneous collection of both fluorescence and transmittance data. The system is presented for time-domain image reconstruction in vivo, illustrating the sensitivity from single photon counting and the calibration steps needed to accurately process the data. In particular, laser time- and amplitude-referencing, detector and filter calibrations, and collection of a suitable instrument response function are all presented in the context of time-domain fluorescence tomography and a fully automated workflow is described. Preliminary phantom time-domain reconstructed images demonstrate the fidelity of the workflow for fluorescence tomography based on signal from multiple time gates.
First-principles study of blue silicate phosphors (2010)

First-principles calculations were performed to investigate the optical property of blue silicate phosphor, CMS:Eu. The optical absorption property is discussed based on electronic band structure and density of states. Our calculation results indicate that hybridization of the wavefunction plays an important role for nonradiative migration of electrons and holes. The calculated optical absorption spectrum could reproduce the optical features of the experimental excitation spectrum. It is also demonstrated that a practical approach using computational materials screening is effective in phosphor materials development.
Biseokeaniamides A, B, and C, Sterol O-Acyltransferase Inhibitors from an Okeania sp. Marine Cyanobacterium (2017)

Biseokeaniamides A, B, and C (1-3), structurally novel sterol O-acyltransferase (SOAT) inhibitors, were isolated from an Okeania sp. marine cyanobacterium. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses and degradation reactions. Biseokeaniamide B (2) exhibited moderate cytotoxicity against human HeLa cancer cells, and compounds 1-3 inhibited both SOAT1 and SOAT2, not only at an enzyme level but also at a cellular level. Biseokeaniamides (1-3) are the first linear lipopeptides that have been shown to exhibit SOAT-inhibitory activity.
Controlling Radical Intermediates in Photocatalytic Conversion of Low-Carbon-Number Alcohols (2021)

Low-carbon number alcohols (LCNAs) are important platform molecules that can be derived from many resources, such as coal, oil, natural gas, biomass, and CO2, creating a route to value-added chemicals and fuels. Semiconductor photocatalysis provides a novel method for converting LCNAs into a variety of downstream products. Photocatalysis is initiated by light-excited charge carriers that are highly oxidative and reductive. The polarity and bond dissociation energy (BDE) of Cα–H bonds are small for alcohols, so it can be homolytically dissociated by the participation of photogenerated holes. Consequently, photocatalytic LCNA conversion overcomes the challenge of Cα–H bond activation in thermocatalysis. Apart from carbon radicals generated from Cα–H bond cleavage, many other radicals are formed during photocatalysis, which are active and have multiple conversion pathways, resulting in complex product distributions. In this Perspective, we summarize the methods of controlling the generation of radical intermediates and subsequent reactions in photocatalytic conversion of LCNAs. The intrinsic properties of photocatalysts and external solution environments are the two main factors that affect the selectivity of the final products. On this basis, we summarize the challenges in current photocatalytic conversion of LCNAs and propose directions for future research, with the aim to inspire studies on the selective conversion of small molecular radicals.
Beta-lactamase inhibitors: agents to overcome bacterial resistance. (1998)

The extensive use of beta-lactam antibiotics in hospitals and community has created major resistance problems leading to increased morbidity, mortality and health-care costs. Resistance is most often mediated by -lactamases, which have emerged in both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. A novel approach to countering bacterial beta-lactamases is the delivery of a beta-lactam antibiotic in combination with a beta-lactamase inhibitor. Several such combinations are currently available, containing inhibitors clavulanic acid, sulbactam and tazobactam. These inhibitors are not, however, active against all beta-lactamases and the AmpC chromosomal enzymes that are hyperproduced by some enterobacteria and pseudomonas are a particular gap. Moreover, genes for these AmpC enzymes have begun to escape to plasmids. Consequently, there is a growing need for new broad-spectrum beta-lactamase inhibitors. This review offers an overview of synthetic beta-lactamase inhibitors, emphasizing information on their structures, and highlighting their activity against various beta-lactamases, particularly AmpC enzymes. Effective inhibition of AmpC enzymes are to be found among the penems and monobactams, but none of these has yet proved suitable for pharmaceutical development.
EXPRESSION OF BIKUNIN mRNA IN RENAL EPITHELIAL CELLS AFTER OXALATE EXPOSURE (1999)

These findings suggest that renal epithelial cells express bikunin gene and have the capability to produce bikunin when stimulated by certain agents such as oxalate. This increased expression and production of bikunin may represent a protective response of renal epithelial cells to nephrotoxic challenges of oxalate.
Structural Solution to Enhance the Sensitivity of a Self-Powered Pressure Sensor for an Artificial Tactile System (2016)

Structural design factors of sensor units have been studied in order to enhance the sensitivity of pressure sensors based on utilizing a piezoelectric material for an artificial tactile sensor. In this study, we have primarily demonstrated the effect of a square pattern array design in a pressure sensor using ZnO nanowires. Nanowires grown on the edge of cells can be bent easily because of growth direction, density control, and buckling effect. Since smaller square pattern arrays induce a higher circumference to cell area ratio, if one sensor unit consists of many micro-level square pattern arrays, the design enhances the piezoelectric efficiency and the sensitivity. As a result, 20 μ m×20 μ m cell arrays showed three times higher pressure sensitivity than 250 μ m×250 μ m cell array structures at a pressure range from 4 kPa to 14 kPa. The induced piezoelectric voltage with the same pressure level also increased drastically. Therefore, the square pattern array design is more appropriate for a high-sensitive pressure sensor than a simple one-body cell design for tactile systems, and it has the advantage of better power efficiency, which is also important for artificial tactile systems. This suggested cell array design can be applied to various systems using piezoelectric nanowires.
Photocatalytic Overall Water Splitting Under Visible Light Enabled by a Particulate Conjugated Polymer Loaded with Palladium and Iridium** (2022)

Abstract Polymer photocatalysts have received growing attention in recent years for photocatalytic hydrogen production from water. Most studies report hydrogen production with sacrificial electron donors, which is unsuitable for large‐scale hydrogen energy production. Here we show that the palladium/iridium oxide‐loaded homopolymer of dibenzo[ b , d ]thiophene sulfone (P10) facilitates overall water splitting to produce stoichiometric amounts of H 2 and O 2 for an extended period (&gt;60 hours) after the system stabilized. These results demonstrate that conjugated polymers can act as single component photocatalytic systems for overall water splitting when loaded with suitable co‐catalysts, albeit currently with low activities. Transient spectroscopy shows that the IrO 2 co‐catalyst plays an important role in the generation of the charge separated state required for water splitting, with evidence for fast hole transfer to the co‐catalyst.
Open Source, 3D-Printed TrapGuard to Protect Oil-Sealed Vacuum Pumps from Cold Trap Warming (2022)

Clean pump oil is critical to the performance and longevity of oil-sealed vacuum pumps. Cold traps charged with cryogens can protect pump oil from solvent contamination but are subject to operator error. Notably, cold traps with evaporated or warmed cryogens do not protect the vacuum pump. Here, we report an open source device to automatically protect oil-sealed vacuum pumps from cold trap warming and facilitate the daily maintenance of cold traps.
Short-Term Transient-Rate and Pressure-Buildup Analysis of Low-Permeability Reservoirs (1987)

Summary A majority of low-permeability wells, both unfractured and fractured, are analyzed with the conventional transient-pressure-buildup test. Application of this technique to wells faced with wellbore storage, even small amounts, can be time-consuming and may not provide accurate answers. Wellbore storage and its effect on the transient regime duration distorts early-time data. Such early-time data could range from a couple of hours to days and weeks. This constraint makes long-term data necessary and does not allow the interpretation of early transients reflective of near-wellbore conditions that are unaffected by outer boundary effects. This paper presents a technique that reduces test time considerably and obtains accurate formation flow properties before any boundary effects are felt. The technique involves measuring transient rate and pressure at the wellbore during the buildup period and a few minutes before the surface shut-in of the well. The technique is called TRAP™ (transient rate and pressure) analysis. Having the transient rate during the pressure buildup allows the engineer to correct the pressure data collected during the early portion and to perform the analysis for permeability, skin factor, reservoir pressure, and other formation characteristics. A field example is presented to show the effectiveness of the technique in analyzing low-permeability reservoirs.
High optical coupling efficiency quasi-vertical taper for polymer waveguide devices (2015)

Quasi-Vertical tapers are designed to enable high coupling efficiency from a conventional single mode fiber into a single mode polymer rib waveguide. A triangular region fabricated under the single mode waveguide is adopted to adiabatically transform the fiber mode into the polymer rib waveguide mode. This structure works as an optical mode transformer. Because the trenches are deeper at the facets than at the active regions of the waveguide, the waveguide mode size in vertical direction becomes larger at the facets and can better match the input and output fiber mode. A coupling efficiency of 82.95% is achievable with a tip width of 1 <i>&mu;m</i>.
Synthesis and Photophysics of Ambipolar Fluoren-9-ylidene Malononitrile Derivatives (2009)

The efficient synthesis of ambipolar 2,7- and 3,6-disubstituted fluoren-9-ylidene malononitrile derivatives (4 and 9) is described. Structure-activity relationships depend on the position of substitution. Population of the S(1) excited state in the 2,7-disubstituted FM derivatives is achieved via higher states, as evidenced from the UV-vis absorption and emission spectra. The results are supported by TDDFT calculations. Charge transfer states were the main deactivation path of the excited states of ambipolar 9b in polar solvents, as evidenced by fluorescence spectroscopy.