gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Energy-Minimization Model for Fill Synthesis (2007)

Although fill allocation methods to enable reduced metal height variations and manually applicable design guidelines to reduce coupling capacitances are available, the synthesis of fills according to these allocations or guidelines is not well automated. Current fill insertion algorithms mostly use simple mask operations, which fail to enable the implementation of complex design guidelines. The proposed fill synthesis model not only enables implementation of such guidelines, but is also suitable for insertion of standard fill patterns. The proposed novel model has an intricate analogy to the electrons filling the orbits of an atom. Through the proposed method, the task of designing an optimal fill configuration is carried to the CAD tool designer in terms of designing a suitable energy network or rules, albeit in an easier way through provided insights and models
Pharmaceutical Development: Present and Future Directions (1993)

AbstractThe future of Industrial Pharmaceutical Sciences depends upon an objective evaluation of the discipline in light of recent changes in the marketplace, the industry, the nature of new chemical entities entering the pipeline, manufacturing technologies, worldwide regulatory requirements, and even the plight of Academic Pharmaceutical Sciences. A proactive agenda must be established to effectively harness the business of Pharmaceutical Development to then drive interdepartmental alliances within R&D as well as with Commercial Manufacturing and Marketing. Pharmaceutical Development groups must become well integrated, dynamic learning organizations that can enhance the ability of Industrial Pharmaceutical Sciences to advance its unique, yet diverse science towards the twenty-first century.
Neural representations of skilled movement (2000)

The frontal and parietal cortex are intimately involved in the representation of goal-directed movements, but the crucial neuroanatomical sites are not well established in humans. In order to identify these sites more precisely, we studied stroke patients who had the classic syndrome of ideomotor limb apraxia, which disrupts goal-directed movements, such as writing or brushing teeth. Patients with and without limb apraxia were identified by assessing errors imitating gestures and specifying a cut-off for apraxia relative to a normal control group. We then used MRI or CT for lesion localization and compared areas of overlap in those patients with and without limb apraxia. Patients with ideomotor limb apraxia had damage lateralized to a left hemispheric network involving the middle frontal gyrus and intraparietal sulcus region. Thus, the results revealed that discrete areas in the left hemisphere of humans are critical for control of complex goal-directed movements.
Free-form Fresnel RXI Köhler design with spectrum-splitting for photovoltaics (2011)

Here we present a novel optical design of the high concentration photovoltaics (HPCV) nonimaging concentrator (&gt;500x) with built-in spectrum splitting concept. The primary optical element (POE) is a flat Fresnel lens and the secondary optical element (SOE) is a free-form RXI-type concentrator with a band-pass filter embedded in it, both POE and SOE performing Köhler integration to produce light homogenization on the target. It uses the combination of a commercial concentration GaInP/GaInAs/Ge 3J cell and a concentration Back-Point-Contact (BPC) silicon cell for efficient spectral utilization, and external confinement techniques for recovering the 3J cell's reflection. Design targets equivalent cell efficiency ~46% using commercial 39% 3J and 26% Si cells, and CPV module efficiency greater than 38%, achieved at a concentration level larger than 500X and wide acceptance angle (&plusmn;1&deg;). A first proof-of concept receiver prototype has been manufactured using a simpler optical architecture (with a lower concentration, ~100x and lower simulated added efficiency), and experimental measurements have shown up to 39.8% 4J receiver efficiency using a 3J with peak efficiency of 36.9%.
MLIR: Scaling Compiler Infrastructure for Domain Specific Computation (2021)

This work presents MLIR, a novel approach to building reusable and extensible compiler infrastructure. MLIR addresses software fragmentation, compilation for heterogeneous hardware, significantly reducing the cost of building domain specific compilers, and connecting existing compilers together. MLIR facilitates the design and implementation of code generators, translators and optimizers at different levels of abstraction and across application domains, hardware targets and execution environments. The contribution of this work includes (1) discussion of MLIR as a research artifact, built for extension and evolution, while identifying the challenges and opportunities posed by this novel design, semantics, optimization specification, system, and engineering. (2) evaluation of MLIR as a generalized infrastructure that reduces the cost of building compilers-describing diverse use-cases to show research and educational opportunities for future programming languages, compilers, execution environments, and computer architecture. The paper also presents the rationale for MLIR, its original design principles, structures and semantics.
Inhalation therapy in patients with tracheostomy: a guide to clinicians (2017)

Inhalation therapy has become a popular procedure for the treatment of patients with tracheostomy. However, clinicians are faced with many challenges during inhalation therapy because of the many factors affecting aerosol therapy to this patient population, and the lack of literature providing guidance in this area of research. Areas covered: The purpose of this paper is to describe the factors affecting aerosol drug delivery to patients with tracheostomy and to explain how to optimize inhalation therapy through device selection, interface selection and delivery technique in this patient population. Expert commentary: Many factors affect inhalation therapy in this patient population and without understanding the impact of these factors on aerosol drug delivery, clinicians will not be able to provide the treatment properly and patients may not benefit from prescribed medications. In the next 5 years, aerosol medicine will continue to experience tremendous growth with new devices and drug/device combinations. However, these advances will have minimal impact on inhalation therapy in patients with tracheostomy unless we provide guidance and training to clinicians on optimizing aerosol drug delivery to this patient population.
Tailored synthesis approach of (Mo2/3Y1/3)2AlC i-MAX and its two-dimensional derivative Mo1.33CTz MXene: enhancing the yield, quality, and performance in supercapacitor applications (2020)

A vacancy-ordered MXene, Mo<sub>1.33</sub>CT<sub>z</sub>, obtained from the selective etching of Al and Sc from the parent i-MAX phase (Mo<sub>2/3</sub>Sc<sub>1/3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>AlC has previously shown excellent properties for supercapacitor applications. Attempts to synthesize the same MXene from another precursor, (Mo<sub>2/3</sub>Y<sub>1/3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>AlC, have not been able to match its forerunner. Herein, we show that the use of an AlY<sub>2.3</sub> alloy instead of elemental Al and Y for the synthesis of (Mo<sub>2/3</sub>Y<sub>1/3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>AlC i-MAX, results in a close to 70% increase in sample purity due to the suppression of the main secondary phase, Mo<sub>3</sub>Al<sub>2</sub>C. Furthermore, through a modified etching procedure, we obtain a Mo<sub>1.33</sub>CT<sub>z</sub> MXene of high structural quality and improve the yield by a factor of 6 compared to our previous efforts. Free-standing films show high volumetric (1308 F cm<sup>-3</sup>) and gravimetric (436 F g<sup>-1</sup>) capacitances and a high stability (98% retention) at the level of, or even beyond, those reported for the Mo<sub>1.33</sub>CT<sub>z</sub> MXene produced from the Sc-based i-MAX. These results are of importance for the realization of high quality MXenes through use of more abundant elements (Y vs. Sc), while also reducing waste (impurity) material and facilitating the synthesis of a high-performance material for applications.
Evaluación de la temperatura y ph del agua de los estanques para mejorar el crecimiento de alevines de tilapia roja (Oreochromis spp.). En la hacienda “El gran manantial” parroquia Pacto al noroccidente de Quito (2016)

The main objective of this study was to evaluate both the productive behavior as the mortality of alevin red tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) compared to the implementation of techniques and technology to control the factors of pH and temperature on the stage of “pre-engorde”, intensive system. The research was conducted at the hacienda El Gran Manantial located in the parish of Covenant to the northwest of Quito Canton. The development of research, he took a randomized complete block design with a factorial arrangement of two factors being these pH and temperature. With three levels of pH (6.9 ; 7.8 ; 8.5 ) and two levels of temperature (24 °C, 26 °C), was analyzed correlation of factors and levels. To manage the pH levels, used calcium carbonate ( ) and the temperature was controlled by the application of heaters. There were three replicates, with a total of 18 ponds each one represents the experimental
unit and in each pond were placed 1 000 alevin tilapia in an intensive system. To obtain results, there were 7 measurements, a measurement of size and weight at the beginning of the investigation was assessed every 5 days the same parameters along with mortality. The duration of the field research was 30 days. In terms of the variables to evaluate were: gain long size (cm), weight gain (g) and percent mortality ( % ). According to the economic analysis treatment 3 is the best result cost-benefit according to the methodology of Perrin, this treatment reflects an increase in productivity to low investment costs. Using the significant statistical differences were obtained that treatment 5 gender better result in variables to evaluate since it came to the size and desired weight within the appropriate time with the lowest percentage of mortality, there by curing the problem on the farm. It is recommended that you apply the treatment 3 to improve productivity in extensive systems and semiintensive by the easy combination of this with the regular practice of the producer. Treatment 5 arrives to be the best option in intensive systems where handles higher planting densities and attempt to reduce the total production time.
Entwicklung und Charakterisierung eines Tiermodells der chronischen H2O2 Belastung der Leber (2004)

Hintergrund & Ziele: Oxidativer Stress spielt eine wichtige pathogenetische Rolle bei chronischen Entzündungen der Leber u.a. bei Hämochromatose, alkoholischer Hepatitis, nicht-alkoholischer Fettleberhepatitis (NASH) und Paracetamolintoxikation. Die Auswirkungen von chronischem oxidativem Stress auf die Leber sind bisher mangels geeigneter Tiermodelle nur unzureichen erforscht. Das Ziel der Arbeit war die Entwicklung und Charakterisierung eines Tiermodells zum chronisch oxidativen Stress in Rattenlebern. Methoden: Das Enzym Glukoseoxidase (GOX), welches unter Verbrauch von Glucose und Sauerstoff kontinuierlich H2O2 bildet, wurde über 3 Tage über die Schwanzvene von Ratten injiziert. Kontrolltiere bekamen das hitzeinaktivierte Enzym verabreicht. Nach 72 Stunden wurden geeignete Proben entnommen und Blutgase, Leberenzyme sowie GOX-Aktivität in den Lebern bestimmt. Galleflussmessung und biliäre Ausscheidung von [3H]Leukotrien C4 sowie [14C]Taurocholsäure wurden ermittelt. GOX wurde mit Hilfe eines spezifischen Antikörpers durch Immunoblot und Immunfluoreszenzanalyse in den Lebern nachgewiesen. Die Morphologie der Lebern wurde durch Histologie und Elektronenmikroskopie untersucht. Ergebnisse: Nach i.v. Injektion kommt es zur Aufnahme von GOX in die Leberzelle. Dabei ist der Großteil des Proteins in den Sinusoiden der Lebzelle lokalisiert. Das Enzym bleibt aktiv und bildet unter den gewählten Bedingungen supraphysiologische Mengen von H2O2 in der Leber. Trotz dieser chronischen H2O2 Belastung kommt es zu keiner signifikanten Abnahme des Galleflusses oder Veränderung der Ausscheidungskinetik von [3H]Leukotrien C4 und [14C]Taurocholsäure. Die Serumparameter unterscheiden sich nicht in den Versuchsgruppen. Morphologische Veränderung konnte weder durch lichtmikroskopische noch durch elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen gefunden werden. Schlussfolgerung: Das vorgestellte GOX-Modell ist zur Untersuchung einer chronischen H2O2 Belastung der Leber geeignet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass eine supraphysiologische chronische Belastung mit H2O2 über 3 Tage erstaunlich gut von der Rattenleber kompensiert wird, da die Funktion und Morphologie weitgehend erhalten bleibt.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Substitution of Secondary Allylic Alcohols with O‐Silylated Ketene acetals in 3.0 M Lithium Perchlorate‐Diethyl Ether. An Alternative to the (1.3)Sigmatropic Rearrangement of Allyl Vinyl Ethers. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Orbitals, Occupation Numbers, and Band Structure of Short One-Dimensional Cadmium Telluride Polymers (2017)

Recent work found that soldering CdTe quantum dots together with a molecular CdTe polymer yielded field-effect transistors with much greater electron mobility than quantum dots alone. We present a computational study of the CdTe polymer using the active-space variational two-electron reduced density matrix (2-RDM) method. While analogous complete active-space self-consistent field (CASSCF) methods scale exponentially with the number of active orbitals, the active-space variational 2-RDM method exhibits polynomial scaling. A CASSCF calculation using the (48o,64e) active space studied in this paper requires 10<sup>24</sup> determinants and is therefore intractable, while the variational 2-RDM method in the same active space requires only 2.1 × 10<sup>7</sup> variables. Natural orbitals, natural-orbital occupations, charge gaps, and Mulliken charges are reported as a function of polymer length. The polymer, we find, is strongly correlated, despite possessing a simple sp<sup>3</sup>-hybridized bonding scheme. Calculations reveal the formation of a nearly saturated valence band as the polymer grows and a charge gap that decreases sharply with polymer length.
Three-Dimensional Adult Cardiac Extracellular Matrix Promotes Maturation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes (2016)

Pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (CMs) have great potential in the development of new therapies for cardiovascular disease. In particular, human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) may prove especially advantageous due to their pluripotency, their self-renewal potential, and their ability to create patient-specific cell lines. Unfortunately, pluripotent stem cell-derived CMs are immature, with characteristics more closely resembling fetal CMs than adult CMs, and this immaturity has limited their use in drug screening and cell-based therapies. Extracellular matrix (ECM) influences cellular behavior and maturation, as does the geometry of the environment-two-dimensional (2D) versus three-dimensional (3D). We therefore tested the hypothesis that native cardiac ECM and 3D cultures might enhance the maturation of iPSC-derived CMs in vitro. We demonstrate that maturation of iPSC-derived CMs was enhanced when cells were seeded into a 3D cardiac ECM scaffold, compared with 2D culture. 3D cardiac ECM promoted increased expression of calcium-handling genes, Junctin, CaV1.2, NCX1, HCN4, SERCA2a, Triadin, and CASQ2. Consistent with this, we find that iPSC-derived CMs in 3D adult cardiac ECM show increased calcium signaling (amplitude) and kinetics (maximum upstroke and downstroke) compared with cells in 2D. Cells in 3D culture were also more responsive to caffeine, likely reflecting an increased availability of calcium in the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Taken together, these studies provide novel strategies for maturing iPSC-derived CMs that may have applications in drug screening and transplantation therapies to treat heart disease.
M3dfe detector wrrh improved path selection (1999)

MDFE (multilevel decision feedback) equalization/detection [1] provides an effective solution for d = I read/write channel. A further BER improvement is achieved for MxDFE detectors (e.g. M2DFE [2] and M3DFE [3].[4]).
Optimal Scheduling for Underwater Communications in Multiple-user Scenarios (2014)

Abstract : One of the long-term goals of this project is to analyze and propose energy-efficient communication techniques for underwater acoustic sensor networks. These techniques aim at consuming as less energy as possible as well as guaranteeing a minimum quality of service. In order to do so, we assume and validate some statistics of the underwater acoustic channels and derive stochastic optimal transmission policies. Another long-term goal of this project is to investigate the possibility that these underwater acoustic networks disrupt the behavior of surrounding species of marine mammals. As a consequence of these two studies, we aim at developing minimally disruptive communication schemes.
Application of Laser-Based Additive Manufacturing to Production of Tools for Friction Stir Welding (2002)

This paper presents a feasibility study of application of laser-based additive manufacturing to production of tools for friction-stir welding (FSW) of materials. The design and rapid manufacturing of powerful tools has become one of the major challenges in expanding the application of FSW processes to new materials. The one-step laser cladding process is capable of creating a novel, fully dense and metallurgically bonded near-net-shape tool with microstructural and compositional gradients. In this paper, two kinds of FSW-tool materials are developed and evaluated for the applications of welding different materials. A pure H13 tool steel powder is used to build a FSW-tool for welding the materials with relatively low melting temperatures, such as aluminum alloys. A WC-based ceramet/tool steel functionally graded material (FGM) is synthesized to build a FSW-tool in order to weld the materials with higher melting temperatures and highly abrasive materials such as MMC materials. By controlling the amount of different supplied powders under the optimized laser cladding conditions, WC-based ceramet/tool steel FGMs are successfully synthesized layer by layer. FSW experiments are carried out to evaluate the deposited tools.
Antibacterial Oligomeric Polyphenols from the Green Alga Cladophora socialis (2019)

A series of oligomeric phenols including the known natural product 3,4,3',4'-tetrahydroxy-1,1'-biphenyl (3), the previously synthesized 2,3,8,9-tetrahydroxybenzo[ c]chromen-6-one (4), and eight new related natural products, cladophorols B-I (5-12), were isolated from the Fijian green alga Cladophora socialis and identified by a combination of NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometric analysis, and computational modeling using DFT calculations. J-resolved spectroscopy and line width reduction by picric acid addition aided in resolving the heavily overlapped aromatic signals. A panel of Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens used to evaluate pharmacological potential led to the determination that cladophorol C (6) exhibits potent antibiotic activity selective toward methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) with an MIC of 1.4 μg/mL. Cladophorols B (5) and D-H (7-11) had more modest but also selective antibiotic potency. Activities of cladophorols A-I (4-12) were also assessed against the asexual blood stages of Plasmodium falciparum and revealed cladophorols A (4) and B (5) to have modest activity with EC<sub>50</sub> values of 0.7 and 1.9 μg/mL, respectively.
REST and Neural Gene Network Dysregulation in iPSC Models of Alzheimer’s Disease (2019)

The molecular basis of the earliest neuronal changes that lead to Alzheimer's disease (AD) is unclear. Here, we analyze neural cells derived from sporadic AD (SAD), APOE4 gene-edited and control induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). We observe major differences in iPSC-derived neural progenitor (NP) cells and neurons in gene networks related to neuronal differentiation, neurogenesis, and synaptic transmission. The iPSC-derived neural cells from SAD patients exhibit accelerated neural differentiation and reduced progenitor cell renewal. Moreover, a similar phenotype appears in NP cells and cerebral organoids derived from APOE4 iPSCs. Impaired function of the transcriptional repressor REST is strongly implicated in the altered transcriptome and differentiation state. SAD and APOE4 expression result in reduced REST nuclear translocation and chromatin binding, and disruption of the nuclear lamina. Thus, dysregulation of neural gene networks may set in motion the pathologic cascade that leads to AD.
Serum proteome profiles identifies parathyroid hormone physiologic response (2006)

Abstract Parathyroid hormone (amino acids 1–34) (PTH) regulates bone and calcium homeostasis. The magnitude of the effects of PTH on bone varies in osteoporosis patients. We employed ProteinChip® technology to generate protein profiles from sera of mice treated once daily with PTH or vehicle for 3 or 11 days. Data analyses on selected arrays indicated significant increases in serum proteins or peptides in PTH‐treated groups, compared to vehicle‐controls. The magnitude of change increased with duration of treatment. Anion‐exchange fractionation of sera prior to profiling on array surfaces increased the number of proteins detected that were regulated by PTH. The optimized purification conditions developed “on‐chip” for subsets of proteins, reflected corresponding behavior with process‐compatible chromatographic resins under elution chromatography. We have identified and evaluated subsets of serum proteins regulated by PTH treatment, using a combination of ProteinChip® technology, column chromatography, PAGE and LC‐MS/MS. Our data demonstrate the feasibility of using a panel of serum proteins to detect PTH responsiveness in humans.
Replacing HCl by solid acids in industrial processes: synthesis of diamino diphenyl methane (DADPM) for producing polyurethanesElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: detailed analytical procedures by GC and 1H-NMR techniques. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/cc/b4/b406303a/ (2004)

Delaminated zeolite catalysts allow replacement of HCl in the production of DADPM: they offer higher activity and catalyst life than conventional zeolites, and their structured external surface controls product selectivity.
Identifying Critical Brand Contact Elements of a Tourist Destination: Applications of Kano's Model and the Importance–satisfaction Model (2011)

ABSTRACT A destination brand comprises brand elements that lead tourists to form a brand impression of a destination. Based on a literature review, this study contributes to a model for exploring tourist destination brand contact experiences. The results from applying Kano's model and the importance–satisfaction model to a specific hot spring destination indicate that four types of contact elements can be identified as having different quality attributes. The contact elements related to staff's service efficiency, attitude and willingness of serving customers are identified as the critical brand contact elements for the tourist destination. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.