gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bending of a Seven Layer Beam with Foam Cores (2018)

The subject of the paper is a seven layer beam with foam cores. The structure of the beam is symmetrical. The beam is composed of the main core, two inner sheets, two second cores and two outer sheets. The main core and two face cores are metal and polyurethane foams, while the sheets are metal. The analytical model of the beam is developed. The displacement and strain fields are formulated with consideration of the Zig-Zag hypothesis of deformation of a flat cross-section of the beam. The governing differential equations for the seven layer beam are obtained based on the stationary total potential energy. The detailed studies are devoted to deflections and stresses of the beams under a uniformly distributed load. The influence of the foam type of cores on the deflections and stresses of the beam is analysed. Moreover, the numerical FEM-model of the beam is developed. The analytical solution is compared to numerical calculations – FEM studies (ABAQUS System and SolidWorks Simulation). The results of the analysis are presented in Tables and Figures.
SURFACE OSCILLATIONS AND JET DEVELOPMENT IN PULSATING BUBBLES (1979)

This paper describes a method for producing cyclic liquid jets in pulsating bubbles that have been acoustically trapped near a platform in a vibrating container. The ambient pressure above the liquid is reduced to near that of the vapor pressure of the liquid, and vapor-air bubbles driven near resonance size at 60 Hz develop large pulsations that can readily lead to jet development. Photographs are presented of various aspects of jet production as well as of some intriguing displays of bubble surface oscillations.
Conformational Analysis of the cis- and trans-Adducts of the Pictet−Spengler Reaction. Evidence for the Structural Basis for the C(1)−N(2) Scission Process in the cis- to trans-Isomerization (2006)

The stable conformations of both the trans- and cis-1,3-disubstituted Nb-benzyl stereoisomers of the Pictet - Spengler reaction have been determined by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography in order to better understand the C(1) -N(2) cis- to trans-isomerization process. In the Na-H series, the chair conformation was preferred for the trans-isomer 3a, while the cis-isomer 3b existed predominantly in the boat form. However, in the Na-methyl series (1a, 1b, 2a, 2b), both the cis (1b, 2b) and trans (1a, 2a) diastereomers existed in the chair conformation to relieve the A(1,2)-strain between the Na-methyl function and the substituent at C(1). The difference in the preferred conformations of the cis-isomers in the Na-H and Na-methyl series (as compared to the preferred conformations in the trans-isomers) can be employed to understand the reduced rate of epimerization of cis-2b into trans-2a as compared to 3b into 3a. This provides the structural basis for the carbocation-mediated intermediate in the C(1) - N(2) scission process.
Source Localization in the Presence of Model Uncertainties (1992)

In many signal processing applications high accuracy signal parameter estimation from sensor array data is a significant problem. Much of the recent work in array processing has focussed on methods for high-resolution location estimation. Model based estimation techniques require accurate knowledge of the so-called array manifold. In practice, the array response is often determined by measuring the array response when only one emitter is radiating and the signal parameters of which are allowed to vary in a known way. This paper addresses some of the practical issues that arise in generating the socalled array manifold from a finite collection of calibration vectors. For high-resolution signal parameter estimation techniques to be successful, the interpolated array manifold has to satisfy certain smoothness conditions. A paradigm for generating an array model from noise corrupted calibration vectors is developed. The key idea is to use a local parametric model of the sensor responses. The potential improvement using the suggested scheme rather than an ideal array model is demonstrated on real data collected from a full-scale hydro-acoustic array.
Structures of Human Carbonic Anhydrase II/Inhibitor Complexes Reveal a Second Binding Site for Steroidal and Nonsteroidal Inhibitors, (2010)

Carbonic anhydrase (CA) catalyzes the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide to hydrogen carbonate, and its role in maintaining pH balance has made it an attractive drug target. Steroidal sulfamate esters, inhibitors of the cancer drug target steroid sulfatase (STS), are sequestered in vivo by CA II in red blood cells, which may be the origin of their excellent drug properties. Understanding the structural basis of this is important for drug design. Structures of CA II complexed with 2-methoxyestradiol 3-O-sulfamate (3), 2-ethylestradiol 3,17-O,O-bis(sulfamate) (4), and 2-methoxyestradiol 17-O-sulfamate (5) are reported to 2.10, 1.85, and 1.64 A, respectively. Inhibitor 3 interacts with the active site Zn(II) ion through the 3-O-sulfamate, while inhibitors 4 and 5 bind through their 17-O-sulfamate. Comparison of the IC(50) values for CA II inhibition gave respective values of 56, 662, 2113, 169, 770, and 86 nM for estrone 3-O-sulfamate (1), 2-methoxyestradiol 3,17-O,O-bis(sulfamate) (2), 3, 4, 5, and 5'-((4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)methyl)-3-chloro-2'-cyanobiphenyl-4-yl sulfamate (6), a nonsteroidal dual aromatase-sulfatase inhibitor. Inhibitors 2, 5, and 6 showed binding to a second adjacent site that is capable of binding both steroidal and nonsteroidal ligands. Examination of both IC(50) values and crystal structures suggests that 2-substituents on the steroid nucleus hinder binding via a 3-O-sulfamate, leading to coordination through a 17-O-sulfamate if present. These results underline the influence of small structural changes on affinity and mode of binding, the degree of flexibility in the design of sulfamate-based inhibitors, and suggest a strategy for inhibitors which interact with both the active site and the second adjacent binding site simultaneously that could be both potent and selective.
Putting People in their Place: Monocular Regression of 3D People in Depth (2021)

Given an image with multiple people, our goal is to directly regress the pose and shape of all the people as well as their relative depth. Inferring the depth of a person in an image, however, is fundamentally ambiguous without knowing their height. This is particularly problematic when the scene contains people of very different sizes, e.g. from infants to adults. To solve this, we need several things. First, we develop a novel method to infer the poses and depth of multiple people in a single image. While previous work that estimates multiple people does so by reasoning in the image plane, our method, called BEV, adds an additional imaginary Bird's-Eye-View representation to explicitly reason about depth. BEV reasons simultaneously about body centers in the image and in depth and, by combing these, estimates 3D body position. Unlike prior work, BEV is a single-shot method that is end-to-end differentiable. Second, height varies with age, making it impossible to resolve depth without also estimating the age of people in the image. To do so, we exploit a 3D body model space that lets BEV infer shapes from infants to adults. Third, to train BEV, we need a new dataset. Specifically, we create a "Relative Human" (RH) dataset that includes age labels and relative depth relationships between the people in the images. Extensive experiments on RH and AGORA demonstrate the effectiveness of the model and training scheme. BEV outperforms existing methods on depth reasoning, child shape estimation, and robustness to occlusion. The code and dataset are released for research purposes.
The Myeloid-Lymphoid Initiating Cell (ML-IC) Assay Assesses the Fate of Multipotent Human Progenitors In Vitro (1999)

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) are cells with self-renewing multilineage differentiation potential. Although engraftment in xenogeneic recipients can be used to measure human HSC, these assays do not allow assessment of individual progenitors. We developed an in vitro assay that allows the identification of a single human bone marrow progenitor closely related to HSC, which we termed "Myeloid-Lymphoid Initiating Cell," or ML-IC, because it is capable of generating multiple secondary progenitors that can reinitiate long-term myeloid and lymphoid hematopoiesis in vitro. The assay is done in contact with murine AFT024 fetal liver stromal cells and with Flt3-Ligand, stem cell factor, and interleukin-7. In this assay, 0.2% to 1.7% of Lin -/34(+)/DRdim cells could generate 1 to 3 long-term culture initiating cells (LTC-IC) as well as 1 to 4 NK-IC after 4 to 6 weeks. In addition, this assay measures contribution of net-progenitor conservation and net-progenitor proliferation over time, providing insight in the fate of individual LTC-IC and NK-IC. This assay will prove useful to enumerate the number of very primitive human progenitors with multilineage differentiation potential, as well as to evaluate future ex vivo culture conditions.
The antimony(iii)-bridged heteropolyanion sandwich dimers [SbIII3(A-α-XW9O34)2]11− (X = SiIV, GeIV) and C-shaped double-sandwich [SbIII6O2(PW6O26)(A-α-PW9O34)2]15− (2012)

Interaction of potassium antimony(iii) tartrate hydrate K(2)(SbC(4)H(2)O(6))(2)·3H(2)O with the trilacunary Keggin derivatives [A-α-XW(9)O(34)](10-) (X = Si(IV), Ge(IV)) and [A-α-PW(9)O(34)](9-) in aqueous acidic medium (pH 4.8) resulted in three novel polyanions, [Sb(3)(A-α-XW(9)O(34))(2)](11-) (X = Si(IV) (1), Ge(IV) (2)) and [Sb(6)O(2)(A-PW(6)O(26))(A-α-PW(9)O(34))(2)](15-) (3), which were isolated as the hydrated potassium salts K(11)[Sb(3)(A-α-XW(9)O(34))(2)]·31H(2)O (X = Si(IV) (K-1), Ge(IV) (K-2)) and the mixed potassium-sodium salt K(14)Na[Sb(6)O(2)(A-PW(6)O(26))(A-α-PW(9)O(34))(2)]·61H(2)O (KNa-3) salts, respectively, and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, as well as elemental and thermogravimetric analyses. The Sb(III)-containing polyanions 1-3 possess unique structural features, as they represent the first examples of sandwich-type POMs with trigonal-pyramidal Sb(III)O(3) linkers. The stability of 1-3 in aqueous media was investigated by multinuclear ((183)W, (31)P) NMR and UV-Vis spectroscopy.
Analytical Modeling of LTE-based Network Capacity for Public Safety Communications (2016)

In this paper, an analytical approach for estimating the network capacity for voice communications on LTE-based public safety networks is presented. The network is modeled using Markov birth and death process. In order to provide the required Grade of Service for LTE-based public safety users, the minimum number of channels required for different levels of users' priority is calculated. The results for some performance metrics such as throughput, delay probability, and channel utilization are obtained. The results obtained from the simulation is compared with the existing network model such as Erlang C. Results show that the existing network model show similarities and differences in predicting the channel estimation of the deployed LTE networks for public safety communications. The results can help the network designer in the proper dimensioning of LTE-based public safety network.
Lifelong Excess in GH Elicits Sexually Dimorphic Effects on Skeletal Morphology and Bone Mechanical Properties (2020)

Excess in growth hormone (GH) levels, seen in patients with acromegaly, is associated with increases in fractures. This happens despite wider bones and independent of bone mineral density. We used the bovine GH (bGH) transgenic mice, which show constitutive excess in GH and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in serum and tissues, to study how lifelong increases in GH and IGF-1 affect skeletal integrity. Additionally, we crossed the acid labile subunit (ALS) null (ALSKO) to the bGH mice to reduce serum IGF-1 levels. Our findings indicate sexually dimorphic effects of GH on cortical and trabecular bone. Male bGH mice showed enlarged cortical diameters, but with marrow cavity expansion and thin cortices as well as increased vascular porosity that were associated with reductions in diaphyseal strength and stiffness. In contrast, female bGH mice presented with significantly smaller-diameter diaphysis, with greater cortical bone thickness and with a slightly reduced tissue elastic modulus (by microindentation), ultimately resulting in overall stronger, stiffer bones. We found increases in C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen and procollagen type 1 N propeptide in serum, independent of circulating IGF-1 levels, indicating increased bone remodeling with excess GH. Sexual dimorphism in response to excess GH was also observed in the trabecular bone compartment, particularly at the femur distal metaphysis. Female bGH mice preserved their trabecular architecture during aging, whereas trabecular bone volume in male bGH mice significantly reduced and was associated with thinning of the trabeculae. We conclude that pathological excess in GH results in sexually dimorphic changes in bone architecture and gains in bone mass that affect whole-bone mechanical properties, as well as sex-specific differences in bone material properties. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Application of Transfer Learning and Convolutional Neural Networks for Autonomous Oil Sheen Monitoring (2022)

Oil sheen on the water surface can indicate a source of hydrocarbon in underlying subaquatic sediments. Here, we develop and test the accuracy of an algorithm for automated real-time visual monitoring of the water surface for detecting oil sheen. This detection system is part of an automated oil sheen screening system (OS-SS) that disturbs subaquatic sediments and monitors for the formation of sheen. We first created a new near-surface oil sheen image dataset. We then used this dataset to develop an image-based Oil Sheen Prediction Neural Network (OS-Net), a classification machine learning model based on a convolutional neural network (CNN), to predict the existence of oil sheen on the water surface from images. We explored the effectiveness of different strategies of transfer learning to improve the model accuracy. The performance of OS-Net and the oil detection accuracy reached up to 99% on a test dataset. Because the OS-SS uses video to monitor for sheen, we also created a real-time video-based oil sheen prediction algorithm (VOS-Net) to deploy in the OS-SS to autonomously map the spatial distribution of sheening potential of hydrocarbon-impacted subaquatic sediments.
Evaluation of electrical conductivity of a perovskite-type oxide La<sub>1-x</sub>Sr<sub>x</sub>MnO<sub>3</sub> by x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (2017)

本研究ではX線光電子分光法（XPS）を用いてLa1-xSrxMnO3の電子構造解析よりその導電性を評価した．まず，硬X線光電子分光法でのみ観測可能であると報告されていたMn 2p3/2スペクトルにおける低束縛エネルギー側の肩構造（Mn3+の遮蔽された終状態）が，実験室XPSでも観測されたことを報告する．次に，Mn3+，Mn4+，及びこの肩構造を多ピークフィッティングにより分離し，Sr置換量xで決まるMn3+ ⁄ Mn4+比を考慮した結果，上記以外の強度が存在することがわかった．このピークはMn4+の遮蔽された終状態に由来すると考えられ，Mn3+及びMn4+の遮蔽された終状態のピーク強度の総和をxに対してプロットすると，LSMOの導電性のx依存性を定性的に再現することを見出した．
A Quick Search Method for Multimedia Signals Based on Piecewise Linear Maps — Introducing Dimension Reduction by Partitioning Feature Sequences — (2003)

We propose a new method for quick search through a long audio/video signal stream to detect and locate a known audio/video signal based on signal similarity. The main technique in the algorithm is dimension reduction based on piecewise linear representation of sequential feature trajectories. For partitioning feature trajectories, we consider equi-partition and dynamic segmentation. While dynamic segmentation reduces the average dimensionality and accelerates the search more than equi-partition, it requires huge amount of calculation. Thus, we also propose a suboptimal partitioning that reduces the com- putational cost. The experiment shows that our method detects the signals approximately 2 times faster than and as accurate as an existing fast method.
Electrothermal Limitations on the Current Density of High-Frequency Bipolar Transistors (2004)

In this paper, electrothermal consequences of downscaling bipolar transistors, reducing the emitter resistance and implementing substrate modifications are examined by means of electrical measurements, numerical simulations and analytical calculations. A formulation is given for the optimum current density that can be run through the device and still maintain both sufficient transconductance and thermal stability. This expression sets a theoretical limit on the current density and therefore also on the speed of the given technology node. Particularly the lowering of the emitter resistivity is a trade-off between transconductance and thermal stability, and the optimum choice can be estimated from these results along with the maximum emitter area that will allow unconditional thermal stability.
<title>Video/optical requirements for a highlight-color laser scanner</title> (1995)

The desire to print high quality, highlight color documents at production rates has brought on the need for a single-pass highlight color laser scanner. We examine a pulsed-imaging, pulse-width-modulated polygon laser scanner that enables multilevel exposure and subsequent development of black and highlight color toner. As currently used in the Xerox 4850 digital printer, this scanner writes three different exposure levels; no exposure, mid-level exposure and high exposure for black, white, and highlight color, respectively. In this paper we review the functioning of a pulsed-imaging scanner and then examine how it is used in a pulse-width-modulated trilevel mode. A linear-systems model is used to examine the specialized video required for achieving uniform line appearance for both black and highlight color. This model further describes how image enhancement is enabled. A complete laser/xerographic model is used to simulate the output.
Efficient synthesis, redox characteristics, and electronic structure of a tetravalent tris(cyclopentadienyl)cerium alkoxide complex (1988)

The complex Cp3Ce(O-i-Pr) (Cp = .eta.5-C5H5) can be efficiently prepared from cerium tetrakis(isopropoxide) and Me3SnCp. It is shown to be a genuine Ce(IV) complex by 1H/13C NMR, elemental analysis, and cyclic voltammetry/ controlled potential coulometry in Bu4N+BF4-/THF. The latter data indicate that Cp3Ce(O-i-Pr) is a relatively strong oxidizing agent (E1/2 = +0.32 vs SSCE) and that one-electron reduction is both electrochemically and chemically reversible. Eiectronic structure calculations at the nonrelativistic Xa-DVM level suggest nonnegligible Ce-Cp f orbital covalency and yield transition state ionization energies in good agreement with He I/He II photoelectron spectra. There are substantial differences in redox properties and metal-ligand bonding between Cp3Ce(O-i-Pr) and the other known tetravalent cerium organometallic complex Ce(C8H8)2.
Ligation of MHC class I induces apoptosis in human pre-B cell lines, in promyelocytic cell lines and in CD40-stimulated mature B cells (1997)

A murine mAb (BAL-1) was previously shown to induce apoptosis when cross-linked on the cell surface of different B acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and pro-myelocytic cell lines. The present study shows that BAL-1 specifically recognizes the MHC class I (MHC-I). The apoptotic response was not dependent on the epitope specificity, since other anti-MHC-I antibodies, reacting with different monomorphic determinants of the alpha chain or beta 2-microglobulin, also induced apoptosis in these cells. However, external cross-linking of antibodies was strictly required for the apoptotic effect. Among cells originating from mature peripheral blood B cells, anti-CD40-stimulated cells were susceptible to anti-MHC-I-induced apoptosis, whereas B cells activated with Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I (SAC) or with the superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) were non-responsive. Mature SEA-activated T cells were also resistant to MHC-I-induced apoptosis. In situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase staining of apoptotic cells at various stages during MHC-I-induced cell death revealed that apoptosis occurred predominantly in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle, with the first apoptotic cells appearing after approximately 12 h of incubation. These results suggest a role for MHC-I-mediated apoptosis during differentiation and activation of certain hematopoietic cells.
Design, Production and Characterization of Mirrors for Ultra-Broadband, High-Finesse Enhancement Cavities (2016)

To enable the enhancement of few-cycle pulses in high-finesse passive optical resonators, a novel complementary-phase approach is considered for the resonator mirrors. The design challenges and first experimental results are presented.
Covalent immobilization of biological molecules to maleic anhydride and methyl vinyl ether copolymers?A physico-chemical approach (1999)

The covalent grafting of biological molecules to copolymers of maleic anhydride and methyl vinyl ether (MAMVE) has been used in various applications in diagnostics. To tentatively elucidate the phenomena involved in the control of the immobilization of oligodeoxynucleotides and proteins, the physico-chemical properties of MAMVE copolymers were investigated. Because the grafting mixture contains water, to allow dissolution of the biomolecules without loss of biological properties, the anhydride-based copolymer evolves from a neutral to a negatively charged macromolecule due to hydrolysis of the anhydride moities. The properties of both hydrolyzed and nonhydrolyzed polymers were investigated. As demonstrated by light-scattering measurements in batch, the copolymers showed some level of aggregation in DMF, DMSO, and aqueous DMSO. The presence of aggregates was confirmed by size-exclusion chromatography in DMF. However, partial deaggregation occurred for the lowest molecular weight sample, on adding 1% w/v of LiBr. The nonhydrolyzed copolymers exhibited a rigid conformation in a 5% water/DMSO mixture, as well as their hydrolyzed counterpart at a low ionization degree. The rate of the hydrolysis reaction was shown to be dependent on the pH of the reaction medium and on temperature. The activation energy of the hydrolysis reaction was 14 kJ/mol, and the rate constant in the order of 10−4 s−1. On the basis of these data, the effect on the grafting reaction of biomolecules of different parameters such as ionic strength and the nature of the solvent, along with some other results were interpreted in terms of interactions between the synthetic and bioactive macromolecules. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 71: 927–936, 1999
Linear to radial polarization conversion in the THz domain using a passive system (2008)

This paper addresses a passive system capable of converting a linearly polarized THz beam into a radially polarized one. This is obtained by extending to THz frequencies and waveguides an already proven concept based on mode selection in optical fibers. The approach is validated at 0.1 THz owing to the realization of a prototype involving a circular waveguide and two tapers that exhibits a radially polarized beam at its output. By a simple homothetic size reduction, the system can be easily adapted to higher THz frequencies.