gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance and Technology Comparison of GMR Versus Commonly used Angle Sensor Principles for Automotive Applications (2007)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Position detection and control is necessary in modern automotive applications because of remotely controlled actuators, such as window lifters or windshield. In recent years, the demand for reliable actuators for safety critical systems, such as power steering systems, has also increased significantly. This creates a growing demand for fast, accurate and efficient servo motor systems that are increasingly smarter, smaller and cheaper. One interesting option is to use Giant Magneto Resistive (GMR) angle sensors to replace the resolvers, Hall, inductive and Anisotropic Magneto Resistive Effect (AMR) Sensors commonly used today for shaft-angle measurements. In principle, there are functional differences among various angle measurement technologies; thus, the effect of switching between them needs to be analyzed. In particular, the accuracy, resolution, measurement rate, signal delay, temperature resistance and the system partitioning need to be discussed relative to the application requirements. In this paper, the individual influences of these parameters on applications are shown and compared to each other. The advantages and disadvantages of GMR, compared to the widely used sensors, are described in order to provide guidance for future application decisions. Some applications, such as Throttle Control, Steering Angle Measurement Systems and Electrical Commutated Motor Drives (EC-Motors), are discussed in detail. Conclusions are presented regarding the potential improvement deriving from the use of GMR rather than the angle sensor technologies commonly used today.&lt;/div&gt;
Aryl Bridged 1-Hydroxypyridin-2-one: Effect of the Bridge on the Eu(III) Sensitization Process (2009)

The efficiency of Eu(3+) luminescence by energy transfer from an antenna ligand can be strongly dependent on the metal ion coordination geometry. The geometric component of the Eu(III) sensitization has been probed using series of tetradentate 1,2-HOPO derivatives that are connected by bridges of varying length and geometry. The ligands are N,N'-(1,2-phenylene)bis(1-hydroxy-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridine-2-carboxamide) for the ligand (L(1)), 1-hydroxy-N-(2-(1-hydroxy-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridine-2-carboxamido)benzyl)-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridine-2-carboxamide (L(2)) and N,N'-(1,2-phenylenebis(methylene))bis(1-hydroxy-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridine-2-carboxamide) (L(3)). Spectroscopic characterization of both the Gd(III) and the Eu(III) metal complexes, time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) analysis of model compounds and evaluation of the kinetic parameters for the europium emission were completed. Some striking differences were observed in the luminescence quantum yield by altering the bridging unit. The [Eu(L(2))(2)](-) derivative shows efficient sensitization coupled with good metal centered emission. For [Eu(L(3))(2)](-), the large quenching of the luminescence quantum yield compared to [Eu(L(2))(2)](-) is primarily a result of one inner sphere water molecule bound to the europium cation while for [Eu(L(1))(2)](-), the low luminescence quantum yield can be attributed to inefficient sensitization of the europium ion.
Whole genomes define concordance of matched primary, xenograft, and organoid models of pancreas cancer (2019)

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has the worst prognosis among solid malignancies and improved therapeutic strategies are needed to improve outcomes. Patient-derived xenografts (PDX) and patient-derived organoids (PDO) serve as promising tools to identify new drugs with therapeutic potential in PDAC. For these preclinical disease models to be effective, they should both recapitulate the molecular heterogeneity of PDAC and validate patient-specific therapeutic sensitivities. To date however, deep characterization of the molecular heterogeneity of PDAC PDX and PDO models and comparison with matched human tumour remains largely unaddressed at the whole genome level. We conducted a comprehensive assessment of the genetic landscape of 16 whole-genome pairs of tumours and matched PDX, from primary PDAC and liver metastasis, including a unique cohort of 5 'trios' of matched primary tumour, PDX, and PDO. We developed a pipeline to score concordance between PDAC models and their paired human tumours for genomic events, including mutations, structural variations, and copy number variations. Tumour-model comparisons of mutations displayed single-gene concordance across major PDAC driver genes, but relatively poor agreement across the greater mutational load. Genome-wide and chromosome-centric analysis of structural variation (SV) events highlights previously unrecognized concordance across chromosomes that demonstrate clustered SV events. We found that polyploidy presented a major challenge when assessing copy number changes; however, ploidy-corrected copy number states suggest good agreement between donor-model pairs. Collectively, our investigations highlight that while PDXs and PDOs may serve as tractable and transplantable systems for probing the molecular properties of PDAC, these models may best serve selective analyses across different levels of genomic complexity.
MR elastography: Principles, guidelines, and terminology (2020)

Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is a phase contrast-based MRI technique that can measure displacement due to propagating mechanical waves, from which material properties such as shear modulus can be calculated. Magnetic resonance elastography can be thought of as quantitative, noninvasive palpation. It is increasing in clinical importance, has become widespread in the diagnosis and staging of liver fibrosis, and additional clinical applications are being explored. However, publications have reported MRE results using many different parameters, acquisition techniques, processing methods, and varied nomenclature. The diversity of terminology can lead to confusion (particularly among clinicians) about the meaning of and interpretation of MRE results. This paper was written by the MRE Guidelines Committee, a group formalized at the first meeting of the ISMRM MRE Study Group, to clarify and move toward standardization of MRE nomenclature. The purpose of this paper is to (1) explain MRE terminology and concepts to those not familiar with them, (2) define "good practices" for practitioners of MRE, and (3) identify opportunities to standardize terminology, to avoid confusion.
A novel Quantum Dot/peptide-MHC probe to study recognition of self by T cells (65.38) (2011)

Abstract We have assembled soluble pMHC proteins on fluorescent nanoparticles, Quantum Dots (QD), to probe membrane associated events and downstream signaling followed by TCR engagement on live T cells. A unique architecture of QD/pMHC probe let us to demonstrate CD8-dependent strong binding of non-cognate QD/pMHC that did not induce any detectable Ca2+ flux in T cells unless at least one pMHC complex per dot was cognate [1]. In contrast, cognate and non-cognate pMHC assembled on Streptavidin scaffold into the tetramer did not show detectable binding to CTL and Ca2+ mobilization. Consistent with these data, we have found very different distribution of the separating distances between pMHC ligands in the two different oligomers as established by analysis of Foster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) between MHC bound peptides labeled with either donor or acceptor fluorophores. We have also shown that close proximity between pMHC on QD but not the valency of the probe endows QD/pMHC with unique properties. We propose to utilize this novel tool to study responses of autoimmune T cells recognizing self pMHC as well as the nature of tonic signal required for maintenance of quiescent T cells. [1]. Anikeeva et al. (2006) PNAS, 103:16846
Magnetic Methods (1990)

This is the completely revised and updated version of the popular and highly regarded textbook, Applied Geophysics. It describes the physical methods involved in exploration for hydrocarbons and minerals, which include gravity, magnetic, seismic, electrical, electromagnetic, radioactivity, and well-logging methods. All aspects of these methods are described, including basic theory, field equipment, techniques of data acquisition, data processing and interpretation, with the objective of locating commercial deposits of minerals, oil, and gas and determining their extent. In the fourteen years or so since the first edition of Applied Geophysics, many changes have taken place in this field, mainly as the result of new techniques, better instrumentation, and increased use of computers in the field and in the interpretation of data. The authors describe these changes in considerable detail, including improved methods of solving the inverse problem, specialized seismic methods, magnetotellurics as a practical exploration method, time-domain electromagnetic methods, increased use of gamma-ray spectrometers, and improved well-logging methods and interpretation.
Dopaminergic-Like Neurons Derived from Oral Mucosa Stem Cells by Developmental Cues Improve Symptoms in the Hemi-Parkinsonian Rat Model (2014)

Achieving safe and readily accessible sources for cell replacement therapy in Parkinson's disease (PD) is still a challenging unresolved issue. Recently, a primitive neural crest stem cell population (hOMSC) was isolated from the adult human oral mucosa and characterized in vitro and in vivo. In this study we assessed hOMSC ability to differentiate into dopamine-secreting cells with a neuronal-dopaminergic phenotype in vitro in response to dopaminergic developmental cues and tested their therapeutic potential in the hemi-Parkinsonian rat model. We found that hOMSC express constitutively a repertoire of neuronal and dopaminergic markers and pivotal transcription factors. Soluble developmental factors induced a reproducible neuronal-like morphology in the majority of hOMSC, downregulated stem cells markers, upregulated the expression of the neuronal and dopaminergic markers that resulted in dopamine release capabilities. Transplantation of these dopaminergic-induced hOMSC into the striatum of hemi-Parkinsonian rats improved their behavioral deficits as determined by amphetamine-induced rotational behavior, motor asymmetry and motor coordination tests. Human TH expressing cells and increased levels of dopamine in the transplanted hemispheres were observed 10 weeks after transplantation. These results demonstrate for the first time that soluble factors involved in the development of DA neurons, induced a DA phenotype in hOMSC in vitro that significantly improved the motor function of hemiparkinsonian rats. Based on their neural-related origin, their niche accessibility by minimal-invasive procedures and their propensity for DA differentiation, hOMSC emerge as an attractive tool for autologous cell replacement therapy in PD.
Control of Memory CD4 T Cell Recall by the CD28/B7 Costimulatory Pathway (2006)

The CD28/B7 costimulatory pathway is generally considered dispensable for memory T cell responses, largely based on in vitro studies demonstrating memory T cell activation in the absence of CD28 engagement by B7 ligands. However, the susceptibility of memory CD4 T cells, including central (CD62L(high)) and effector memory (T(EM); CD62L(low)) subsets, to inhibition of CD28-derived costimulation has not been closely examined. In this study, we demonstrate that inhibition of CD28/B7 costimulation with the B7-binding fusion molecule CTLA4Ig has profound and specific effects on secondary responses mediated by memory CD4 T cells generated by priming with Ag or infection with influenza virus. In vitro, CTLA4Ig substantially inhibits IL-2, but not IFN-gamma production from heterogeneous memory CD4 T cells specific for influenza hemagglutinin or OVA in response to peptide challenge. Moreover, IL-2 production from polyclonal influenza-specific memory CD4 T cells in response to virus challenge was completely abrogated by CTLA4Ig with IFN-gamma production partially inhibited. When administered in vivo, CTLA4Ig significantly blocks Ag-driven memory CD4 T cell proliferation and expansion, without affecting early recall and activation. Importantly, CTLA4Ig treatment in vivo induced a striking shift in the phenotype of the responding population from predominantly T(EM) in control-treated mice to predominantly central memory T cells in CTLA4Ig-treated mice, suggesting biased effects of CTLA4Ig on T(EM) responses. Our results identify a novel role for CD28/B7 as a regulator of memory T cell responses, and have important clinical implications for using CTLA4Ig to abrogate the pathologic consequences of T(EM) cells in autoimmunity and chronic disease.
Rapamycin (1993)

s Third International Congress of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Clinical Toxicology: PDF Only
Growth of Paenibacillus larvae, the causative agent of American foulbrood in honey bees and Bacillus popilliae, the causative agent of milky disease in beetle larvae in lepidopteran cell cultures (1998)

Abstract TNM‐FH Lepidopteran insect cell culture medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), while allowing limited vegetative growth of Paenibacillus larvae (wild‐type strain), the causative agent of American foulbrood, contained no viable vegetative cells upon subculture, nor were any heat resistant spores produced in this medium alone. However, TNM‐FH medium cotaining embryonic or midgut cells from Trichoplusia ni , hemocytes from Estigmene acrea , ovarian and embryonic cells from Spodoptera frugiperda , embryonic cells from Plutella xylostella, Spodoptera exigua and Pseudaletia unipuncta or ovarian cells from Lymantria dispar , supported both heavy vegetative cell growth and moderate production of heat resistant spores. EX‐CELL 405 serum‐free insect cell culture medium alone appeared to contain the appropriate nutrients required for both vegetative growth and sporulation of P. larvae . However, in the presence of embryonic cells from T. ni , limited vegetative growth occurred and the P. larvae cells appeared to die off. This was confirmed by the fact that no colony growth occurred upon subculture, nor were any heat resistant spores detected. This was true also in the presence of fat body cells from T. ni , except that a limited number of spores (4,000/ml) were detected in the form of cology‐forming units (CFU) on plates following heating to 80°C for 20 minutes. In a parallel study with a wild‐type strain of Bacillus popilliae , vegetative cells grew only in TNM‐FH medium in the presence of mid‐gut BTI‐Tn‐MG and ovarian (Tn‐368) cells of T. ni. No heat resistant spores, however, were detected in any of the cultures. When BTI‐Tn‐MG and Tn‐368 cells were further challenged with four variant cultures of B. popilliae , vegetative growth and limited sporulation were achieved. The BTI‐Tn‐MG cell line in TNM‐FH medium produced as many as 12,000 spores/ml after 21 days in culture.
Infrared study of the structures of cyclopentadienyl compounds of copper (I) and mercury (II) (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInfrared study of the structures of cyclopentadienyl compounds of copper (I) and mercury (II)F. Albert Cotton and Tobin J. MarksCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1969, 91, 26, 7281–7285Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01054a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01054a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views528Altmetric-Citations82LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cancer–Testis Antigen Expression in Digestive Tract Carcinomas: Frequent Expression in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Its Precursor Lesions (2013)

Abstract Cancer–testis (CT) antigens are attractive tumor antigens for cancer immunotherapy. They comprise a group of proteins normally expressed in germ cells and aberrantly activated in a variety of human cancers. The protein expression of eight cancer–testis antigens [MAGEA, NY-ESO-1, GAGE, MAGEC1 (CT7), MAGEC2 (CT10), CT45, SAGE1, and NXF2] was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 61 esophageal carcinomas (40 adenocarcinoma and 21 squamous cell carcinoma), 50 gastric carcinomas (34 diffuse and 16 intestinal type), and 141 colorectal carcinomas. The highest frequency of expression was found in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas: Positive staining for MAGEA, CT45, CT7, SAGE1, GAGE, NXF2, NY-ESO-1, and CT10 was observed in 57%, 38%, 33%, 33%, 29%, 29%, 19%, and 14% of squamous cell carcinomas, respectively. Similar staining patterns were observed in squamous dysplasias. Expression frequencies of cancer–testis antigens were seen in 2% to 24% of gastroesophageal adenocarcinomas and were not significantly different between adenocarcinomas of the stomach versus the esophagus, or between diffuse and intestinal types of gastric adenocarcinomas. Colorectal cancers did not express NY-ESO-1, CT7, CT10, or GAGE, and only infrequently expressed SAGE1 (0.7%) MAGEA (1.4%), CT45 (3.5%), and NXF2 (8.5%). We conclude that cancer–testis antigens are frequently expressed in esophageal squamous neoplasms. Although cancer–testis antigens are generally considered to be expressed later in tumor progression, they are found in squamous dysplasias, suggesting a potential diagnostic role for cancer–testis antigens in the evaluation of premalignant squamous lesions. Cancer Immunol Res; 2(5); 480–6. ©2013 AACR.
Feature Adaptive Sampling for Scanning Electron Microscopy (2016)

A new method for the image acquisition in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was introduced. The method used adaptively increased pixel-dwell times to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in areas of high detail. In areas of low detail, the electron dose was reduced on a per pixel basis, and a-posteriori image processing techniques were applied to remove the resulting noise. The technique was realized by scanning the sample twice. The first, quick scan used small pixel-dwell times to generate a first, noisy image using a low electron dose. This image was analyzed automatically, and a software algorithm generated a sparse pattern of regions of the image that require additional sampling. A second scan generated a sparse image of only these regions, but using a highly increased electron dose. By applying a selective low-pass filter and combining both datasets, a single image was generated. The resulting image exhibited a factor of ≈3 better SNR than an image acquired with uniform sampling on a Cartesian grid and the same total acquisition time. This result implies that the required electron dose (or acquisition time) for the adaptive scanning method is a factor of ten lower than for uniform scanning.
Expression of cancer-testis antigens (MAGE-A1, MAGE-A3/6, MAGE-A4, MAGE-C1 and NY-ESO-1) in primary human uveal and conjunctival melanoma (2011)

Uveal and conjunctival melanomas consistently expressed high levels of the differentiation antigens (gp100, Melan-A/MART1 and tyrosinase). However, compared with other tumours, including cutaneous melanoma, only low levels of CT antigens were found in ocular melanomas. These observations suggest that immunotherapy directly targeting the CT antigens studied may not be effective for ocular melanoma.
A Stochastic Formulation of the Resolution of Identity: Application to Second Order M{\o}ller-Plesset Perturbation Theory (2017)

A stochastic orbital approach to the resolution of identity (RI) approximation for 4-index 2-electron electron repulsion integrals (ERIs) is presented. The stochastic RI-ERIs are then applied to M\o ller-Plesset perturbation theory (MP2) utilizing a \textit{multiple stochastic orbital approach}. The introduction of multiple stochastic orbitals results in an $N^3$ scaling for both the stochastic RI-ERIs and stochastic RI-MP2. We demonstrate that this method exhibits a small prefactor and an observed scaling of $N^{2.4}$ for a range of water clusters, already outperforming MP2 for clusters with as few as 21 water molecules.
Engineering the immune response to "self" for effective cancer immunotherapy (2014)

Meeting abstracts T cells play a critical role in host defense against viruses, intra- and extracellular microbes, and tumors. Because foreign antigen is presented amongst a vast majority of self-antigens, T cells have evolved the unique ability to discriminate "self" from "non-self" with high
A 142-GHz 4/5 Dual-Modulus Prescaler for Wideband and Low Noise Frequency Synthesizers in 130-nm SiGe:C BiCMOS (2023)

In this contribution, the simulation and measurement results of a 4/5 dual-modulus prescaler, operating from dc to 142 GHz with a power consumption of 144 mW, are presented. For a division ratio of 4, the maximum operation frequency of 166 GHz is even higher. The prescaler is the core of a fully programmable dual-modulus frequency divider, which is a crucial component of modern measurement systems. The effect of the physical lengths and the resulting internal delays on the prescaler’s performance is analyzed. Furthermore, the voltage level of the fully differential emitter-coupled logic (ECL) is optimized in terms of phase noise and maximum operating frequency. The monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) is realized in a 130-nm SiGe:C BiCMOS technology with <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$f\textsubscript{ \emph T}$</tex-math> </inline-formula> / <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$f\textsubscript{max}$</tex-math> </inline-formula> <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$=$</tex-math> </inline-formula> 470/650 GHz.
Photochemistry and Photophysics of 'Onium Salts (1992)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Photolysis of 'onium salts Application to polymerization
Modeling of Mode I Crack Propagation in Fiber Reinforced Concrete by Fracture Mechanics (2000)

Peer Reviewed
H2O2-Dependent Fe-Catalyzed Oxidations: Control of the Active Species (2001)

Manipulation of the coordination sphere of an Fe<sup>II</sup> ion can be used to tune the balance between different catalytic pathways for oxidation (OH<sup>.</sup> versus iron-based oxidant; see scheme). This reinvestigation of Fenton chemistry uses the iron complex shown as a mechanistic probe.