gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Communication—Demonstration and Electrochemistry of a Self-Forming Solid State Rechargeable LiI(HPN)2Based Li/I2Battery (2018)

While solid state electrolytes hold promise for safer batteries, the lithium/solid-state electrolyte interface has presented challenges. In this paper, we report a fully self-forming solid state rechargeable battery based on the Li/I2 couple using LiI rich lithium iodide-(3-hydroxyproprionitrile)2 electrolyte. Effective charge-discharge cycling was demonstrated, showing promise for future generations of high energy density self-forming, self-healing batteries.
Tri-functional T-cell engagers target immune checkpoint inhibitors PD-1 and TIGIT to enhance CD8 effector T-cell functions in chronically SHIV-infected rhesus macaques (2020)

Abstract Checkpoint inhibitors, such as PD-1 and TIGIT, are crucial dysregulators of CD8 T cell function during chronic HIV/SIV infections. Importantly, these checkpoint inhibitors are highly expressed on the surface of CD4 T cells that harbor latent HIV. We have previously demonstrated that an anti-HIV/anti-CD3 bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE) can be used to redirect follicular CD8 (fCD8) T cells to kill HIV infected cells in vitro. Here, we hypothesize that adding an extra specificity to target PD-1 or TIGIT to the BiTE will further enhance the functional activities of CD8 T cells and simultaneously lower the threshold for reactivation of HIV latently infected cells. By using HIV-infected cell lines and primary CD4 T cells isolated from chronically SHIV-infected lymph nodes (LN) as target cells in in vitro and ex vivo killing assays, we found that trifunctional anti-HIV/anti-CD3-anti-TIGIT or anti-HIV/anti-CD3-anti-PD1 increased (1) T-cell specific activation, (2) antigen-specific CD107a degranulation, levels of granzyme B, cytokine/chemokine release by CD8 T cells, and (3) the killing capability of functionally compromised CD8 T cells when compared to the BiTE. When administered at 100 mcg/kg subcutaneously to chronically SHIV-infected animals, we demonstrated that anti-HIV/anti-CD3-anti-TIGIT could safely be used to augment activation and expansion of CD8 effector T cells that further resulted in a better elimination of the SHIV-infected cells as shown by the reduction in cell-associated SHIV gag DNA and RNA. Together, our results indicate that trifunctional T cell engagers targeting checkpoint inhibitors may serve as novel immunotherapeutic strategies to eliminate infected cells in HIV infected individuals.
John F. Kennedy International Airport Intelligent Transportation Systems Phased Implementation (2008)

John F. Kennedy International Airport (JFK) activity continues to grow with over 47 million passengers, and 1.7 million tons of air cargo serviced in 2006. The number of patrons and employees using mass transit or vehicular traffic to access the airport continues to grow as well. The current redevelopment program at JFK consists of several major projects undertaken by the Port Authority (PA) and its airline and airport partners. Concurrently with the airport redevelopment program, the PA initiated and continues to develop and implement Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) to manage landside traffic at the airport. An ITS master plan has been developed for implementation in three major phases that began with the JFK ITS Early Action Project and continues to address all airport-wide traffic management needs to achieve a full-blown, fully integrated ITS.
Bonding and Electronic Transport Properties of Fullerene and Fullerene Derivatives in Break‐Junction Geometries (2012)

Fullerenes are considered anchoring groups for molecular electronics due to a large contact area and their affinity for noble metals. The conductances of fullerene-terminated molecules, however, are found to be even lower than for thiol termination. The effects of weak molecule-metal coupling and symmetry breaking are studied by transport measurements of C(60) and functionalized C(60). The results demonstrate highy efficient contacts between Au and C(60), despite of deposition from solution.
Prediction of Pyrolysis Products and Yields from Brown to Semi-Anthracite Coals by Using Elemental Composition (2010)

A coal pyrolysis experiment under atmospheric and elevated pressure conditions using a thermobalance is carried out to clarify the yields of devolatilization products in many coals (i.e., coal ranks from low [C :73.1wt%, daf] to high [C: 90.6 wt%, daf, semi-anthracite]) and to clarify the effect of pressure on pyrolysis yields (tar and gas yields). As a result, a method for predicting the product yields of many coals is presented. Even coal containing almost the same percentage of carbon varies greatly in yield of volatile components and/or tar, but the use of H/C and O/C allows for systematic sorting. The yields of volatile and tar increase almost linearly with increasing H/C. CH4 and C2H4 yields also increase with increasing H/C. The yield of heavier gases such as C2H6, C3H6, and C3H8 cannot, however, be sorted by H/C. CO2 and CO yields are predictable since they increase linearly with increasing O/C. The yields of devolatilization products can be estimated with favorable accuracy for many types of coal by H/C and O/C. In addition, the tar yield decreases and the total yield of gas shows increasing behavior at elevated pressure conditions in all types of coal.
Fabrication of the Microchannel by Metal-Organic Framework, Copper Benzenetricarboxylate (2013)

We successfully fabricated the metal-organic framework (MOF), copper benzenetricarboxylate on a microchannel system, which was able to solve the problems created by increased heat dissipation in small electronic equipment. The microchannel system was designed to make an entrance part that can control the reaction temperature, which was predicted through a heat transfer analysis and the finite element method with COMSOL Multiphysics. Synthetic conditions, synthesis time, temperature and microchannel size were systematically tuned for the selective fabrication of copper benzenetricarboxylate on a microchannel surface. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images, selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) data clearly demonstrated that copper benzenetricarboxylate was strongly adhered to the bottom surfaces of the microchannels. Moreover, the synthesis of MOF in the microchannel system provided a much faster growth rate and better crystallinity compared to a conventional synthesis method.
Liver LXRα expression is crucial for whole body cholesterol homeostasis and reverse cholesterol transport in mice (2012)

Liver X receptors (LXRα and LXRβ) are important regulators of cholesterol and lipid metabolism, and their activation has been shown to inhibit cardiovascular disease and reduce atherosclerosis in animal models. Small molecule agonists of LXR activity are therefore of great therapeutic interest. However, the finding that such agonists also promote hepatic lipogenesis has led to the idea that hepatic LXR activity is undesirable from a therapeutic perspective. To investigate whether this might be true, we performed gene targeting to selectively delete LXRα in hepatocytes. Liver-specific deletion of LXRα in mice substantially decreased reverse cholesterol transport, cholesterol catabolism, and cholesterol excretion, revealing the essential importance of hepatic LXRα for whole body cholesterol homeostasis. Additionally, in a pro-atherogenic background, liver-specific deletion of LXRα increased atherosclerosis, uncovering an important function for hepatic LXR activity in limiting cardiovascular disease. Nevertheless, synthetic LXR agonists still elicited anti-atherogenic activity in the absence of hepatic LXRα, indicating that the ability of agonists to reduce cardiovascular disease did not require an increase in cholesterol excretion. Furthermore, when non-atherogenic mice were treated with synthetic LXR agonists, liver-specific deletion of LXRα eliminated the detrimental effect of increased plasma triglycerides, while the beneficial effect of increased plasma HDL was unaltered. In sum, these observations suggest that therapeutic strategies that bypass the liver or limit the activation of hepatic LXRs should still be beneficial for the treatment of cardiovascular disease.
Advances in the IBM z13 I/O function and capability (2015)

The IBM z13™ introduces a number of significant improvements in the I/O subsystem relative to the IBM zEnterprise™ EC12. This includes advancing the I/O drawer infrastructure to implement generation 3 (Gen 3) of the Peripheral Component Interconnect Express® (PCIe®) links and switches. For the first time on this platform, the PCIe ports are placed directly within the IBM z13 processor itself, reducing latency by avoiding the necessity of using hub chips that have traditionally been implemented for routing and expansion of the PCIe infrastructure. Portions of the processor chip have been reserved to implement the functionality that would previously have resided on these separate hub chips. Traditional I/O features such as Fiber Connection (FICON®), Fibre Channel Protocol (FCP), Open System Adapter (OSA), Crypto Express, and Flash Express are provided with enhanced functionality in the PCIe I/O drawer. The PCIe infrastructure has created the opportunity to integrate additional native PCI adapters. This is further exploited with the use of Single Root I/O virtualization (SR-IOV) capability on a Remote Direct Memory Access over Converged Ethernet (RoCE) Express adapter, which now provides shared exploitation of the facilities within this adapter. An adapter utilizing field programmable gate arrays has been developed to provide compression acceleration in the z13 and forms a foundation for additional varieties of acceleration in the future.
Cryo-TEM studies of two smectic phases of an asymmetric bent-core material (2013)

Cryo-TEM studies on two smectic phases of an asymmetric bent-core liquid crystal material are presented and compared to prior X-ray results obtained in bulk samples. While the bulk samples have layer-modulated structures, those modulations are not observable in the 100-nm-thick TEM samples, indicating surface-induced suppression of the layer modulations. The observed layer spacing is in agreement with the X-ray results in the lower temperature smectic phase, but distinctly larger in the higher temperature phase. This indicates surface-induced suppression of the director tilt. Cryo-TEM textures resolve the profiles of individual smectic layers at the scales down to few nanometres and reveal the presence of edge and screw dislocations, twist grain boundaries, small-angle and large-angle tilt grain boundaries.
GaN cascode performance optimization for high efficient power applications (2016)

GaN Cascode performance optimization for high efficient power applications is presented in this paper. Analytical equations of Cascode capacitance network (Ciss, Coss, Cgd) is demonstrated and the equations accuracy is verified through experimental measurement. Analysis shows that Cascode Cgd is determined by HV D-MISFETs Cds, LV Si FETs Cgd/Coss ratio, and extra zener diode capacitance. With low intrinsic capacitance HV D-MISFETs [1-2], proper LV Si FETs selection, and extra zener diode protection, optimization for Cascode switching figure-of-merit (FOM, Ron x Qgd) is well demonstrated. 8.8X lower switching figure-of-merit than commercial best-in-class Si SJ FETs [3] is achieved, double pulse test (DPT) and hard switching PFC system verification result all indicate that GaN Cascode is the promising solution and ready for next generation energy systems.
(Keynote) Continuous Glucose Monitoring Systems - Current Status and Future Perspectives of the Flagship Technologies in Biosensor Research - (2020)

The history of the development of glucose sensors is synonym of the history of biosensor research. Glucose sensors created the past and current largest market in the industrialized biosensors. The most of the commercially available glucose sensors have been dedicated to the disposable sensor strips for self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG), thereby diabetic patients know which treatments and amounts of treatments to self-administer and to learn how activities affect their blood glucose levels. Currently, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems have been recognized as the ideal monitoring systems for glycemic control of diabetic patients, expecting the replacement of SMBG sensors. Glucose monitoring using SMBG sensors requires taking tiny blood sample using a “lancet” to prick your finger or some other alternate sites for testing, whereas CGM systems monitor glucose level at interstitial fluid (ISF) where CGM sensor is inserted. At present, the glucose concentration in blood and ISF samples are recognized as the clinically relevant values. In 2018, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved a medical device comprising CGM system, a continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion pump and a control algorithm that can supply an appropriate amount of basal insulin based on the CGM results as an artificial pancreas. Consequently, it became possible to automatically and continuously control the blood glucose level. In 2019, synthetic receptor employing long-term implantable CGM system, was approved as the prescription device, which realized up to 90 days (180 days in Europe) operation. These technological achievements boosted up CGM systems and sensors as the flagship technologies in the biosensor research. In this presentation, I will overview the current status and future perspectives of sensors for CGM systems.
A highly efficient synthesis of triisopropylsilyldifluorobromopropyne yields a versatile gem-difluoromethylene building block (1999)

Triisopropylsilyldifluorobromopropyne, readily prepared in excellent yield from the reaction of lithium triisopropylsilylacetylide with CF2Br2, provides a convenient entry into a functionalized CF2 synthon.
Pharmacology of the highly selective A1 adenosine receptor agonist 2-chloro-N6-cyclopentyladenosine. (1994)

The pharmacological profile of 2-chloro-N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CCPA, CAS 37739-05-2), a highly selective A1 adenosine receptor agonist, was characterized. Its effects were compared with those of the non-selective adenosine receptor agonist 5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA). In binding studies on both rat and bovine brain, CCPA was highly potent on A1 receptors (Ki = 1.3 and 0.5 nmol/l, respectively) and displayed good A1 vs A2a receptor selectivity (500- and 920-fold, respectively). In functional studies, CCPA showed marked negative chronotropic activity in spontaneously beating rat atria (EC50 = 8.2 nmol/l). This effect was antagonized dose-dependently by the A1 selective antagonist 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX). In the rat Langendorff model, in which global ischemia was induced, CCPA (3 nmol/l) prevented significantly the rise of diastolic pressure and coronary perfusion pressure during postischemic reperfusion. In vascular preparations, a functional activity responsive to A2a adenosine receptor stimulation, CCPA did not show any vasodilating properties up to micromolar concentrations, whereas NECA had a good relaxing activity in bovine coronary arteries (EC50 = 167 nmol/l). In rabbit platelets, a model sensitive only to A2a-receptor stimulation, CCPA did not elicit any relevant antiaggregatory properties, whereas NECA was found to be effective (IC50 = 200 nmol/l). Likewise, in an in vivo model of platelet aggregation in the rabbit using a non-invasive radioisotopic technique, CCPA (100 micrograms/kg, 30 min i.v. infusion) did not influence platelet function, whereas NECA (10 micrograms/kg, 30 min i.v. infusion) decreased peak value for platelet accumulation by 35%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Pulsed-IV Pulsed-RF Cold-FET Parasitic Extraction of Biased AlGaN/GaN HEMTs Using Large Signal Network Analyzer (2010)

A new pulsed- <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">IV</i> pulsed-RF cold field-effect transistor (cold-FET) technique is presented to extract the parasitics of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs under various quiescent dc-biasing points. The measurement system implemented with a large signal network analyzer applies the technique of multiple recording to acquire pulsed-RF small-signal <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S</i> -parameters with no loss of dynamic range as the pulse duty cycle decreases. These cold-FET measurements are performed on unpassivated and silicon nitride (SiN) passivated devices by turning the device off for 1 ?s with a 1% duty cycle to analyze the impact of slow thermal and trapping effects on the device parasitics. The parasitic fringe capacitances extracted are found to be bias independent, except for the gate to drain capacitance in devices without SiN passivation. In unpassivated devices, the drain parasitic resistance is found to rapidly increase with increasing drain bias at negative gate to source voltages. On the contrary, in devices with SiN passivation, the dependence of the resistance with the drain bias voltage is much less significant. A simple physical model is used to fit the functional dependence of the 2-D electron gas (2DEG) concentration upon the gate-to-source and gate-to-drain voltages, which is then proposed for fitting the measured data. The analysis indicates that the variation of the resistance with bias voltage in the device studied with SiN passivation and also for the unpassivated device at <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">GS</sub> =0 V is well accounted for by the reduction of the mobility with increased temperature due to self-heating, whereas for the device studied without SiN passivation, the increase of the drain resistance with drain voltages at negative gate bias principally arises from the decrease of the 2DEG population in a narrow region near the gate contact. An equivalent circuit is also introduced to explain the decrease of the source and drain parasitic inductances with increasing drain voltages at large negative gate bias, which is observed in unpassivated devices.
Theoretical Analysis of DNA Branch Migration in the Presence of a Slow Reversible Initiation Step (2000)

Branched DNA structures include several DNA regions connected by three- or four-way DNA junctions. Branched DNAs can be intermediates in DNA replication and recombination in living organisms and in sequence-specific DNA targeting in vitro. Branched DNA structures are usually metastable and irreversibly dissociate to non-branched products via a DNA strand exchange process commonly known as DNA branch migration. The key parameter in the DNA dissociation process is its characteristic time, which depends on the length of the dissociating DNA structure. Here, we predict that the presence of a slow reversible initiation step, which precedes DNA branch migration, can alter, to almost linear dependence, the "classic" quadratic dependence of the dissociation time on the length of the dissociating DNA structure. This prediction can be applied to dissociation of Y-like DNA structures and double D-loop DNA hybrids, which are DNA structures similar to replication bubbles. In addition, the slow initiation step can increase the effect of DNA sequence heterologies within the structure on its kinetic stability. Applications of our analysis for genetic manipulations with branched DNA structures are discussed.
Optimization ofLactobacillusacidophilusLa-5, FetaCheese Startersand SaltContentin IranianUltrafilteredSoft Cheese Formula (2014)

Aims: To optimizetheprocess variables including: Lactobacillus acidophilusLa-5, total starter(a mixture ofmesophiliccheese starters(MCS) and thermophilicyoghurt starters (TYS),mesophilic cheesestarter:thermophilic yoghurt starter (MCS: TYS) ratioand salt contentin probiotic Iranian ultrafiltered soft cheese (IUSC). Methodology: In order to choose the best probiotic cheese formula with the highest Lactobacillus acidophilusLa-5 count,a totalof eightsamples with 20% total solids were produced using a smallscale ultrafiltration system. Probiotic bacteria of Lactobacillus OriginalResearch Article
The Coalescent With Gene Conversion (2000)

In this article we develop a coalescent model with intralocus gene conversion. The distribution of the tract length is geometric in concordance with results published in the literature. We derive a simulation scheme and deduce a number of analytical results for this coalescent with gene conversion. We compare patterns of variability in samples simulated according to the coalescent with recombination with similar patterns simulated according to the coalescent with gene conversion alone. Further, an expression for the expected number of topology shifts in a sample of present-day sequences caused by gene conversion events is derived.
Yeast Swd2 Is Essential Because of Antagonism between Set1 Histone Methyltransferase Complex and APT (Associated with Pta1) Termination Factor (2012)

The Set1 complex (also known as complex associated with Set1 or COMPASS) methylates histone H3 on lysine 4, with different levels of methylation affecting transcription by recruiting various factors to distinct regions of active genes. Neither Set1 nor its associated proteins are essential for viability with the notable exception of Swd2, a WD repeat protein that is also a subunit of the essential transcription termination factor APT (associated with Pta1). Cells lacking Set1 lose COMPASS recruitment but show increased promoter cross-linking of TFIIE large subunit and the serine 5 phosphorylated form of the Rpb1 C-terminal domain. Although Swd2 is normally required for bringing APT to genes, deletion of SET1 restores both viability and APT recruitment to a strain lacking Swd2. We propose a model in which Swd2 is required for APT to overcome antagonism by COMPASS.
Metal ion levels in maternal and placental blood after metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasty. (2014)

There is concern regarding elevated metal ion levels in the blood during pregnancy and the potential fetal effects in women with metal-on-metal (MOM) implants. We obtained maternal and umbilical cord blood samples from 3 patients with a MOM hip arthroplasty and 7 control subjects without any metallic implants. Serum metal ion levels including chromium, cobalt, titanium, and nickel were tested using high-resolution sector-field inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Mothers with MOM-bearing implants had significantly elevated levels of serum cobalt and chromium compared with control-group mothers, and umbilical cord blood from mothers with MOM implants also had significantly higher serum metal ion levels compared with control-group mothers. The results of this study show that circulating serum levels of metal ion degradation products from MOM bearings cross the placenta and expose the fetus to metal ions. However, the placenta exerts a modulatory effect on cord blood, resulting in decreased levels compared with maternal samples (approximately 15% of maternal chromium and 50% of maternal cobalt). Physicians and women of child-bearing age should be aware of this potential effect when considering the use of MOM-bearing implants.
First Observation of the Urbach Tail in a Multicomponent Organic System (1992)

The exponential attenuation of electronic absorption in spectral regions removed from the absorption maxima, the “Urbach tail,” has been observed in a variety of materials and has been ascribed to thermal and structural disorder. Here, we report, to our knowledge, the first observation of the Urbach tail in a multicomponent organic system (the asphaltenes) which is due, in part, to the overlapping absorption spectra of the diverse component chromophores within the tail spectral region. The distribution of chromophores produces an unusually large, nonthermal width in the Urbach tail.