gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Imaging and biopsy of HIV-infected individuals undergoing analytic treatment interruption (2022)

Identifier: NCT05419024.
Diastereoselective synthesis of (5R,7R)- and (5R,7S)-5,7-Dimethyl-6,7-dihydro-5H-dibenz[c,e]azepines (2000)

Starting from (R)-1-(2-methoxyphenyl)ethylamine, the title compounds were synthesized. Key steps are a diastereoselective imine alkylation and a Pd-catalyzed biaryl coupling. The benzylic stereogenic centers of the (5R,7R)-azepine induce a strong bias for the atropisomeric conformer having aS axial chirality and pseudo equatorial Me groups.
IV.C.1f Nanoengineering the Forces of Attraction in a Metal-Carbon Array for H 2 Uptake at Room Temperature (2010)

The primary objective is to design and produce • nanoengineered carbon-metal media which is capable of achieving: 1) 65 g/L; 2) 7.5 wt% storage of hydrogen at near-ambient temperatures; 3) superior thermal management; 4) high energy efficiency; 5) 5 kg fill in 3.3 minutes; 6) 2,000 fill cycles; 7) low cost media less than $67 per kg H2 stored; 8) 3 to 100 bar delivery; 9) near-ambient temperatures; and 10) avoid large temperature swings to obtain complete H2 delivery. Develop a graphene slit-pore scaffold using very low • cost ingredients to be within DOE cost targets.
Prophylactic Treatment with VT-1161 Protects Immunosuppressed Mice from Rhizopus arrhizus var. arrhizus Infection (2017)

We compared prophylactic or continuous therapy with the investigational drug VT-1161 to that with posaconazole in treating murine mucormycosis due to <i>Rhizopus arrhizus</i> var. <i>arrhizus</i> In the prophylaxis studies, only VT-1161 resulted in improved survival and lowered tissue fungal burden of immunosuppressed infected mice. In the continuous therapy, VT-1161 outperformed posaconazole in prolonging mouse survival time despite its comparable effect in lowering tissue fungal burden. These results support the further development of VT-1161 against mucormycosis.
Blue/UV Emitters From SiC And Its Alloys (1993)

A strong need exists in many commercial and military applications for solid state blue emitters, but until recently a suitable material or material system from which to fabricate these devices had not been commercially developed. Some of the applications for blue emitters include rugged solid-state full color indicators and flat panel displays. The material system used for such emitters will also provide the basis for the development of blue/UV laser diodes. This paper reports on the most recent advancements in increasing the performance of blue light emitting diodes fabricated in 6H-Sic and the potential for Sic-nitride based alloys.
Femtosecond laser structuring of silver-containing glass: Silver redistribution, selective etching, and surface topology engineering (2015)

Femtosecond direct laser writing in silver-containing phosphate glasses allows for the three-dimensional (3D) implementation of complex photonic structures. Sample translation along or perpendicular to the direction of the beam propagation has been performed, which led to the permanent formation of fluorescent structures, either corresponding to a tubular shape or to two parallel planes at the vicinity of the interaction voxel, respectively. These optical features are related to significant modifications of the local material chemistry. Indeed, silver depletion areas with a diameter below 200 nm were evidenced at the center of the photo-produced structures while photo-produced luminescence properties are attributed to the formation of silver clusters around the multiphoton interaction voxel. The laser-triggered oxidation-reduction processes and the associated photo-induced silver redistribution are proposed to be at the origin of the observed original 3D luminescent structures. Thanks to such material structuring, surface engineering has been also demonstrated. Selective surface chemical etching of the glass has been obtained subsequently to laser writing at the location of the photo-produced structures, revealing features with nanometric depth profiles and radial dimensions strongly related to the spatial distributions of the silver clusters.
Syntheses of Analgesics. XXXVIII. Reactions of 2-(3-Substituted phenyl) cyclohexanone with Ethyl &alpha;-Haloacetate (Studies on the Syntheses of Heterocyclic Compounds. DXXXII (1973)

Synthesis of 2-ethoxycarbonylmethyl-2-(3-substituted phenyl) cyclohexanone was examined by condensation of 2-(3-substituted phenyl) cyclohexanone with ethyl α-haloacetate in the presence of sodium amide or sodium hydride, and it was found that not only the expected alkylation but also the Darzens condensation took place in this reaction. The yield of alkylation decreased in the order of ethyl iodoacetate, bromoacetate, and chloroacetate.
Physical layer security definition and domains (2022)

Today's fast-paced world is becoming increasingly dependent on wireless communications. Whether it is for businesses or individuals, mobility, portability, and instant access (via the internet) to unlimited information are the mantras of our day. In the past few decades, wireless communication has grown exponentially, with a bright future ahead of it. It is anticipated that this technology will have a profound impact on our lives and allow us to accomplish things we had never imagined. A key element of the success of these technologies will be the ability to communicate securely and reliably. Although cryptographic security mechanisms are widely adopted, they cannot cope with increasingly decentralized and heterogeneous networks. As a complementary solution, physical layer security (PLS) exploits the dynamic features of wireless environments to ensure that legitimate transmissions are subject to CIAA requirements. A generalized PLS framework is provided in this chapter, which not only incorporates the existing work but also allows for the development of next generation PLS methods. To reflect this, PLS fabric is divided into observation and modification planes. Furthermore, different domains of PLS are discussed under these plane concepts, allowing a vision of future PLS mechanisms.
Rapid and Efficient Synthesis of 1H-Indol-2-yl-1H-quinolin-2-ones (2003)

[reaction: see text] A concise and efficient synthesis of the novel indol-2-yl-1H-quinolin-2-one ring system found in the potent and selective KDR kinase inhibitors 1-3 is presented.
Architecture modularisation for next generation mobile networks (2017)

The journey towards the deployment of next generation networks has recently accelerated, driven by the joint effort of research and standards organisations. Some key innovative design concepts have been recently consolidating and are going to characterise the notable discontinuity between 4G and 5G systems. Among those, Architecture Modularisation, discussed in this paper, is regarded by the authors as the essential design principle to build a flexible network architecture natively supporting Network Slicing. According to this concept, conventional monolithic network functions, often corresponding to physical network elements in the existing systems, are to be split into basic building blocks defined with the proper granularity, allowing the definition of different logical architectures, tailored to 5G use cases. In this paper, a modularisation methodology is presented as a criterion to define the `right' set of basic building blocks. Defined through this proposed methodology, the set of basic building blocks and the relating interfacing models are discussed. The paper concludes by proposing a candidate modular 5G network architecture, and comparing it with alternatives currently discussed within 3GPP standard working groups.
Usando Aspectos e Composição Dinâmica para prover Adaptação Ciente ao Contexto em Sistemas Ubíquos (2008)

Aplicações para a computação ubíqua operam em ambientes onde a disponibilidade de recursos muda significativamente durante a sua operação. Tal característica demanda que aplicações sejam adaptativas e cientes do seu contexto de execução. Visando atender esses requisitos, nós propomos PACCA (Projeto de Aplicações Ciente ao Contexto e Adaptativas), um arcabouço para desenvolvimento e execução de aplicações adaptativas cientes de contexto. O paradigma de orientação a aspectos é usado no PACCA para modularizar o comportamento adaptativo e dissociá-lo da lógica da aplicação. A orientação a aspectos aliada a composição dinâmica de software oferecem suporte para adaptação ciente ao contexto, guiada por políticas previamente definidas.
The rabbit pulmonary cytochrome P450 arachidonic acid metabolic pathway: characterization and significance. (1995)

Cytochrome P450 metabolizes arachidonic acid to several unique and biologically active compounds in rabbit liver and kidney. Microsomal fractions prepared from rabbit lung homogenates metabolized arachidonic acid through cytochrome P450 pathways, yielding cis-epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) and their hydration products, vic-dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids, mid-chain cis-trans conjugated dienols, and 19- and 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids. Inhibition studies using polyclonal antibodies prepared against purified CYP2B4 demonstrated 100% inhibition of arachidonic acid epoxide formation. Purified CYP2B4, reconstituted in the presence of NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase and cytochrome b5, metabolized arachidonic acid, producing primarily EETs. EETs were detected in lung homogenate using gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy, providing evidence for the in vivo pulmonary cytochrome P450 epoxidation of arachidonic acid. Chiral analysis of these lung EETs demonstrated a preference for the 14(R),15(S)-, 11(S),12(R)-, and 8(S),9(R)-EET enantiomers. Both EETs and vic-dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids were detected in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. At micromolar concentrations, methylated 5,6-EET and 8,9-EET significantly relaxed histamine-contracted guinea pig hilar bronchi in vitro. In contrast, 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid caused contraction to near maximal tension. We conclude that CYP2B4, an abundant rabbit lung cytochrome P450 enzyme, is the primary constitutive pulmonary arachidonic acid epoxygenase and that these locally produced, biologically active eicosanoids may be involved in maintaining homeostasis within the lung.
Recommendations for the prevention of neonatal ophthalmia (2002)

Despite the decreasing prevalence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Canada, the Canadian Paediatric Society recommends that, as soon as possible after birth, all infants receive prophylaxis with silver nitrate, tetracycline or erythromycin, to reduce the risk of neonatal ophthalmia due to this organism. The use of these agents may also provide some benefit in the prevention of ophthalmia due to other organisms. As well, the Canadian Paediatric Society supports routine pre-natal screening for N gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis, and the treatment of identified infections during pregnancy.
Ising-like Magnetism in Quasi-Two-Dimensional Co(NO3)2·2H2O (2022)

The appearance of electrically neutral water molecules in the structure of cobalt dinitrate dihydrate, Co(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>⋅2H<sub>2</sub>O, drastically changes its magnetic properties as compared to its waterless counterpart, Co(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>. The title compound shows Ising-like behavior reflected in its thermodynamic properties. It experiences long-range antiferromagnetic order at <i>T<sub>N</sub></i> = 20.5 K and metamagnetic transition at <i>µ</i><sub>0</sub><i>H<sub>C</sub></i> = 0.76 T. First-principles calculations produce the values of leading exchange interactions <i>J1</i> ~ 10 K and <i>J2</i> ~ 0.5 K and single-ion anisotropy <i>D</i> ~ 1 K which allows us to consider Co(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>⋅2H<sub>2</sub>O as a quasi-two-dimensional magnetic system.
Structural basis for selective inhibition of human serine hydroxymethyltransferase by secondary bile acid conjugate (2021)

Bile acids are metabolites of cholesterol that facilitate lipid digestion and absorption in the small bowel. Bile acids work as agonists of receptors to regulate their own metabolism. Bile acids also regulate other biological systems such as sugar metabolism, intestinal multidrug resistance, and adaptive immunity. However, numerous physiological roles of bile acids remain undetermined. In this study, we solved the crystal structure of human serine hydroxymethyltransferase (hSHMT) in complex with an endogenous secondary bile acid glycine conjugate. The specific interaction between hSHMT and the ligand was demonstrated using mutational analyses, biophysical measurements, and structure-activity relationship studies, suggesting that secondary bile acid conjugates may act as modulators of SHMT activity.
Ophthalmologic Evaluation in Patients Undergoing Immunization with Melanoma-Associated Antigens (1999)

Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.A. * Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.A.
Flame Retardant Behavior of Polyelectrolyte−Clay Thin Film Assemblies on Cotton Fabric (2010)

Cotton fabric was treated with flame-retardant coatings composed of branched polyethylenimine (BPEI) and sodium montmorillonite (MMT) clay, prepared via layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly. Four coating recipes were created by exposing fabric to aqueous solutions of BPEI (pH 7 or 10) and MMT (0.2 or 1 wt %). BPEI pH 10 produces the thickest films, while 1 wt % MMT gives the highest clay loading. Each coating recipe was evaluated at 5 and 20 bilayers. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that coated fabrics left as much as 13% char after heating to 500 °C, nearly 2 orders of magnitude more than uncoated fabric, with less than 4 wt % coming from the coating itself. These coatings also reduced afterglow time in vertical flame tests. Postburn residues of coated fabrics were examined with SEM and revealed that the weave structure and fiber shape in all coated fabrics were preserved. The BPEI pH 7/1 wt % MMT recipe was most effective. Microcombustion calorimeter testing showed that all coated fabrics reduced the total heat release and heat release capacity of the fabric. Fiber count and strength of uncoated and coated fabric are similar. These results demonstrate that LbL assembly is a relatively simple method for imparting flame-retardant behavior to cotton fabric. This work lays the foundation for using these types of thin film assemblies to make a variety of complex substrates (foam, fabrics, etc.) flame resistant.
Enhancing the Palladium Nanoclusters deposition rate with the introduction of O2 in a Gas Aggregation Source (GAS) (2018)

International audience
Wild Mandrillus sphinx Are Carriers of Two Types of Lentivirus (2001)

Mandrillus sphinx, a large primate living in Cameroon and Gabon and belonging to the Papionini tribe, was reported to be infected by a simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) (SIVmndGB1) as early as 1988. Here, we have identified a second, highly divergent SIVmnd (designated SIVmnd-2). Genomic organization differs between the two viral types; SIVmnd-2 has the additional vpx gene, like other SIVs naturally infecting the Papionini tribe (SIVsm and SIVrcm) and in contrast to the other SIVmnd type (here designated SIVmnd-1), which is more closely related to SIVs infecting l'hoest (Cercopithecus lhoesti lhoesti) and sun-tailed (Cercopithecus lhoesti solatus) monkeys. Importantly, our epidemiological studies indicate a high prevalence of both types of SIVmnd; all 10 sexually mature wild-living monkeys and 3 out of 17 wild-born juveniles tested were infected. The geographic distribution of SIVmnd seems to be distinct for the two types: SIVmnd-1 viruses were exclusively identified in mandrills from central and southern Gabon, whereas SIVmnd-2 viruses were identified in monkeys from northern and western Gabon, as well as in Cameroon. SIVmnd-2 full-length sequence analysis, together with analysis of partial sequences from SIVmnd-1 and SIVmnd-2 from wild-born or wild-living mandrills, shows that the gag and pol regions of SIVmnd-2 are closest to those of SIVrcm, isolated from red-capped mangabeys (Cercocebus torquatus), while the env gene is closest to that of SIVmnd-1. pol and env sequence analyses of SIV from a related Papionini species, the drill (Mandrillus leucophaeus), shows a closer relationship of SIVdrl to SIVmnd-2 than to SIVmnd-1. Epidemiological surveys of human immunodeficiency virus revealed a case in Cameroon of a human infected by a virus serologically related to SIVmnd, raising the possibility that mandrills represent a viral reservoir for humans similar to sooty mangabeys in Western Africa and chimpanzees in Central Africa.
Genomic prediction of coronary heart disease (2016)

Abstract Background Genetics plays an important role in coronary heart disease (CHD) but the clinical utility of a genomic risk score (GRS) relative to clinical risk scores, such as the Framingham Risk Score (FRS), is unclear. Methods We generated a GRS of 49,310 SNPs based on a CARDIoGRAMplusC4D Consortium meta-analysis of CHD, then independently tested this using five prospective population cohorts (three FINRISK cohorts, combined n=12,676, 757 incident CHD events; two Framingham Heart Study cohorts (FHS), combined n=3,406, 587 incident CHD events). Results The GRS was strongly associated with time to CHD event (FINRISK HR=1.74, 95% CI 1.61-1.86 per S.D. of GRS; Framingham HR=1.28, 95% CI 1.18-1.38), and was largely unchanged by adjustment for clinical risk scores or individual risk factors, including family history. Integration of the GRS with clinical risk scores (FRS and ACC/AHA13 score) improved prediction of CHD events within 10 years (meta-analysis C-index: +1.5-1.6%, P &lt;0.001), particularly for individuals ≥60 years old (meta-analysis C-index: +4.6-5.1%, P &lt;0.001). Men in the top 20% of the GRS had 3-fold higher risk of CHD by age 75 in FINRISK and 2-fold in FHS, and attaining 10% cumulative CHD risk 18y earlier in FINRISK and 12y earlier in FHS than those in the bottom 20%. Furthermore, high genomic risk was partially compensated for by low systolic blood pressure, low cholesterol level, and non-smoking. Conclusions A GRS based on a large number of SNPs substantially improves CHD risk prediction and encodes decades of variation in CHD risk not captured by traditional clinical risk scores.
Global DNA methylation as a biomarker to screen asymptomatic individuals who are at-risk of developing lung cancer (2006)

A99 Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death for both men and women because symptoms of the disease usually present when it is at an advanced stage. Improved diagnosis will increase the survival rate, which currently is 15% over 5 years. With 45 million smokers in the US who are at-risk of developing the disease, there is an urgent need for a screening tool that can detect the early stages of lung cancer progression in the asymptomatic population.We have developed an assay, CpGlobal, which measures the global DNA methylation of the human genome. Global DNA methylation is measured by monitoring the sentinels of genome integrity, CpG dyads, which are markers for the susceptibility of developing cancer. Changes in methylation at these locales represent the earliest events in the progression toward a disease state. CpGlobal is performed in a 96 well format, requires
The Thermal Rearrangement of an NHC‐Ligated 3‐Benzoborepin to an NHC‐Boranorcaradiene (2019)

An N-heterocyclic-carbene-ligated 3-benzoborepin with a bridged structure has been synthesized by double radical trans-hydroboration of benzo[3,4]cycloundec-3-ene-1,5-diyne with an N-heterocyclic carbene borane. The thermal reaction of the NHC-ligated borepin at 150 °C gives an isolable NHC-boranorcaradiene. Experiments and density functional theory calculations support a mechanism whereby the borepin initially rearranges to a boranorcaradiene by a thermal 6π-electrocyclic reaction. This is followed by 1,5-boron shift to give a rearranged boranorcaradiene. This shift occurs with stereoinversion at boron through a transition state with open-shell diradical character. This is the first example of the isolation of a boranorcaradiene from a thermal reaction of a borepin.
Pulse Radiolytic Polarography: The Reduction of the Ascorbic Acid Radical and of the Ferrihexacyanide Anion at the Mercury Electrode (1973)

Abstract The relatively long lived ascorbic acid radical or the ferrihexacyanide anion were produced by a 20 ns pulse of high energy electrons in N 2 O saturated, 10 −3 molar solutions of ascorbic acid or ferrohexacyanide anion, respectively. Their cathodic currents at a hanging mercury drop electrode were recorded as function of time in the micro to millisecond range. The analysis of current‐time curves at constant potential was carried out in the same way as in the single potential jump experiments of conventional electrochemistry. Absolute values of the rate constant of the transfer processes could be obtained for various potentials. The transfer coefficient was found to be 0.23 for the ascorbic acid radical and 0.15 for the ferrihexacyanide anion. The exchange current density at the standard potential of the system [Fe(CN) 6 ] 3‐ [Fe(CN) 6 ] 4‐ was calculated as 3.5 mA · cm −2 at a concentration of 10 −3 M.
Code shredding (2012)

Code-reuse attacks by corrupting memory address pointers have been a major threat of software for many years. There have been numerous defenses proposed for countering this threat, but majority of them impose strict restrictions on software deployment such as requiring recompilation with a custom compiler, or causing integrity problems due to program modification. One notable exception is ASLR(address space layout randomization) which is a widespread defense free of such burdens, but is also known to be penetrated by a class of attacks that takes advantage of its coarse randomization granularity. Focusing on minimizing randomization granularity while also possessing these advantages of ASLR to the greatest extent, we propose a novel defensive approach called code shredding: a defensive scheme based on the idea of embedding the checksum value of a memory address as a part of itself. This simple yet effective approach hinders designation of specific address used in code-reuse attacks, by giving attackers an illusion of program code shredded into pieces at byte granularity and dispersed randomly over memory space. We show our design and implementation of a proof-of-concept prototype system for the Windows platform and the results from several experiments conducted to confirm its feasibility and performance overheads.
Synthesis of Long Silver Nanowires from AgBr Nanocrystals (2001)

A novel method for preparing long silver nanowires (see Figure) at room temperature using AgBr nanocrystallites as a precursor is revealed. These nanowires are on average 80 nm in diameter are tens of micrometers long, and in some cases grow as single crystals. Important factors for the growth of these silver nanowires are discussed.