gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enabling Transparent Memory-Compression for Commodity Memory Systems (2019)

Transparent Memory-Compression (TMC) allows the system to obtain the bandwidth benefits of memory compression in an OS-transparent manner. Unfortunately, prior designs for TMC (MemZip) rely on using non-commodity memory modules, which can limit their adoption. We show that TMC can be implemented with commodity memories by storing multiple compressed lines in a single memory location and retrieving all these lines in a single memory access, thereby increasing the effective memory bandwidth. TMC requires metadata to specify the compressibility and location of the line. Unfortunately, even with dedicated metadata caches, maintaining and accessing this metadata incurs significant bandwidth overheads and causes slowdown. Our goal is to enable TMC for commodity memories by eliminating the bandwidth overheads of metadata accesses. This paper proposes PTMC (Practical and Transparent Memory-Compression), a simple design for obtaining bandwidth benefits of memory compression while relying only on commodity (nonECC) memory modules and avoiding any OS support. Our design uses a novel inline-metadata mechanism, whereby the compressibility of the line can be determined by scanning the line for a special marker word, eliminating the overheads of metadata access. We also develop a low-cost Line Location Predictor (LLP) that can determine the location of the line with 98% accuracy and a dynamic solution that disables compression if the benefits of compression are smaller than the overheads. Our evaluations show that PTMC provides a speedup of up to 73%, is robust (no slowdown for any workload), and can be implemented with a total storage overhead of less than 300 bytes.
A generalized method for the distinction of radiation and surface-wave losses in microstrip discontinuities (2002)

A generalized method for calculating both radiation and surface-wave losses is developed for microstrip discontinuities. The losses are determined by a rigorous Poynting vector analysis where the current distribution over the microstrip discontinuities is a result of a full-wave moment-method solution. It is found that above a certain frequency, the surface-wave loss becomes more important than the radiation loss. A self-consistency check of the result based on power conservation is also presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Mechanobiophysics of the alveolus – Reconstruction of strain and forces at the gas-blood barrier (2016)

Introduction: In the last years, the importance of mechano-chemical cellular responses for biology and pathobiology has been recognized. As cells sense their mechanical environment, they respond to extracellular forces. This is particularly important for lung epithelial and endothelial cells forming the air-blood barrier where they constantly get stretched during breathing. Mechanical stretch in the alveolus plays a key role in triggering the secretion of pulmonary surfactant which reduces surface tension at the alveolar air-liquid interface. However, an integrated research of the alveolar environment has been precluded due to the complex biophysical environment of the alveoli that has to be reconstructed. This includes a multiphase system with an air-liquid-interface, a co-culture model combining cell types with different mechanical properties, as well as the occurrence of cyclic mechanical stretch.
Sodium Anthracenide (2001)

[12261-48-2] C14H10Na (MW 201.23) InChI = 1S/C14H9.Na/c1-2-6-12-10-14-8-4-3-7-13(14)9-11(12)5-1;/h1-7,9-10H;/q-1;+1 InChIKey = PRSWVGYKUDIOEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N (reductive cleavage of NS,1, 2 OS,3 OP,4 and CO5-7 bonds) Solubility: sol THF, DME, HMPA. Preparative Methods: a 0.1 M solution of the reagent in THF (or DME) is prepared by stirring sodium metal (1.0 equiv) and anthracene (1.1 equiv) in anhydrous solvent for 24 h under an argon atmosphere.2 The resulting solution exhibits the characteristic dark green color of the radical anion. The preparation time can be significantly reduced by ultrasound irradiation of the reaction.1, 8 Handling, Storage, and Precautions: sodium anthracenide is both air- and moisture-sensitive. However, stock solutions of the reagent are stable for several weeks at rt when stored under an argon atmosphere. The reagent is flammable and should be handled with care. Excess reagent can be neutralized by the slow addition of isopropyl alcohol.
Association of Polyomavirus Middle Tumor Antigen with 14-3-3 Proteins (1994)

To carry out its transformation function, the middle tumor antigen (MT) of murine polyomavirus associates with a number of cellular proteins involved in regulation of cell proliferation, including pp60c-Src, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, protein phosphatase 2A, Src homologous and collagen protein and growth factor receptor-binding protein 2. Here, two additional MT-associated proteins were identified as members of the 14-3-3 family of proteins. Yeast homologs of 14-3-3 proteins have recently been shown to play a role in the timing of mitosis. Thus, regulation of 14-3-3 protein function by MT may contribute to the development of neoplasia.
Supported Chromium Oxide Catalyst for Olefin Polymerization. X. Propylene Polymerization-Activity Measurements at Low Pressure (1974)

Abstract The experimental determination of the activity of silicalumina-based chromium oxide catalyst vs propypene polymerization at low monomer pressure is discussed. A reduction pretreatment of the catalyst under optimal conditions is necessary to obtain an activity stable enough to be accurately measured. Surface area measurements show that it remains a noticeable activity at subzero temperature.
Discovery of a Novel Series ofN-Phenylindoline-5-sulfonamide Derivatives as Potent, Selective, and Orally Bioavailable Acyl CoA:Monoacylglycerol Acyltransferase-2 Inhibitors (2015)

Acyl CoA:monoacylglycerol acyltransferase-2 (MGAT2) has attracted interest as a novel target for the treatment of obesity and metabolic diseases. Starting from N-phenylbenzenesulfonamide derivative 1 with moderate potency for MGAT2 inhibition, we explored an effective location of the hydrophobic group at the 1-position to enhance MGAT2 inhibitory activity. Shifting the hydrophobic group to the adjacent position followed by introduction of a bicyclic central core to restrict the substituent orientation produced N-phenylindoline-5-sulfonamide derivative 10b, which displayed much improved potency, with an IC50 value of 1.0 nM. This compound also exhibited excellent selectivity (greater than 30,000-fold) against related acyltransferases (MGAT3, DGAT1, DGAT2, and ACAT1). Subsequent optimization efforts were directed toward improving pharmacokinetic profiles, which resulted in the identification of 5-[(2,4-difluorophenyl)sulfamoyl]-7-(2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)-N-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2,3-dihydro-1H-indole-1-carboxamide (24d) endowed with potent MGAT2 inhibitory activity (IC50 = 3.4 nM) and high oral bioavailability (F = 52%, mouse). In a mouse oral fat tolerance test, oral administration of this compound effectively suppressed the elevation of plasma triacylglycerol levels.
Radar waveform for automotive radar systems and applications (2008)

This paper describes three different continuous wave (CW) radar waveforms which are applied in automotive radar sensors. The radar sensor should be able to detect all objects inside the observation area and to estimate range, radial velocity and azimuth angle simultaneously even in multi target situations. A classical Linear Frequency Modulation (LFM) waveform provides a very high range and velocity resolution. But in multiple target situations so-called ghost targets will occur. Alternatively, a Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) waveform delivers a very high velocity resolution and avoids any ghost target situation but will not resolve targets in range direction. Finally, a combination between LFM and FSK provides simultaneously a high range and velocity resolution, extremely short measurement time and avoids any ghost target situation. It combines the advantages of both FSK and LFM waveforms. In all three cases the azimuth angle estimation is based on two receive antennas and the monopulse technique.
Feedback delay reduction of Tomlinson–Harashima precoder in 14 nm CMOS via pipelined MAC units operated entirely with CSA arithmetic (2016)

The data rate of a Tomlinson–Harashima (TH) precoder is limited by the delay in the feedback path of its infinite impulse response (IIR) filter that cancels the channel's post‐cursor intersymbol interference (ISI). One reason for long loop delays is the requirement to perform the ISI subtraction from the data signal in binary arithmetic in order to properly execute the modulo (MOD) operation, which stabilises the IIR filter and limits the transmitter amplitude. The restriction to binary arithmetic is unfortunate, because some filter subcomponents such as, e.g. adder trees are often implemented in a faster data format that has no slow carry propagation [e.g. the carry‐save adder (CSA) format]. This paper proposes a novel architecture for TH precoders in which the MOD operation is taken out of the loop, so that the remaining IIR filtering is performed entirely in CSA arithmetic to reduce the feedback delay as no conversion to binary format is required within the loop. With the pipelining technique applied, the filter's feedback delay reduces to the propagation delay of a multiply‐accumulate unit operated with CSA arithmetic. The proposed concept was verified in a 14 nm CMOS test chip with multi‐level signalling (NRZ, 4‐/8‐/16‐PAM).
Production of monoclonal antibody using free‐suspended and immobilized hybridoma cells: Effect of serum (1991)

The effect of serum on cell growth and monoclonal antibody (MAb) productivity was studied in a repeated fedbatch mode using both free-suspended and immobilized S3H5/gamma2bA2 hybridoma cells. In the suspension culture, serum influenced the cell growth rate but not the specific MAb productivity. The average specific growth rate of the suspension culture in medium containing 10% serum was approximately 0.99 +/- 0.12 day(-1) (+/-standard deviation), while that in medium containing 1% serum was approximately 0.73 +/- 0.12 day(-1). The specific MAb productivity was almost constant at 3.69 +/- 0.57 microg/10(6) cells/day irrespective of serum concentration reached a maximum at ca. 1.8 x 10(6) cells/mL of medium in 10% serum medium, and the cell concentration was gradually reduced to 1%. The specific MAb productivity of the immobilized cells was more than three times higher than that of the free-suspended cells. The amount of serum in the medium did not influence the specific MAb production rate of the immobilized cells. The maintenance of high cell concentration and the enhanced specific MAb productivity of the immobilized cell culture resulted in a higher volumetric MAb productivity. In addition, MAb yield in the immobilized cell culture with medium containing 1% serum was 2.2 mg/mL of serum, which was approximately three times higher than that in the suspension culture.
Sudden adiabaticity entering field-induced state in UTe2 (2022)

There has been a recent surge of interest in UTe$_2$ due to its unconventional magnetic field (H) reinforced spin-triplet superconducting phases persisting at fields far above the simple Pauli limit for H $\parallel$ [010]. Magnetic fields in excess of 35 T then induce a field-polarized magnetic state via a first-order-like phase transition. More controversially, for field orientations close to H $\parallel$ [011] and above 40 T, electrical resistivity measurements suggest that a further superconducting state may exist. However, no Meissner effect or thermodynamic evidence exists to date for this phase making it difficult to exclude a simple low-resistance metallic state. In this paper, we describe a study using thermal, electrical, and magnetic probes in magnetic fields of up to 55 T applied between the [010] ($b$) and [001] ($c$) directions. Our MHz conductivity data reveal the field-induced state of low or vanishing electrical resistance; simultaneous magnetocaloric effect measurements (i.e. changes in sample temperature due to changing magnetic field), show the first definitive evidence for adiabaticity and thermal behavior characteristic of bulk field-induced superconductivity.
Short Communication : B Cell Epitopes of HIV Type 1 p24 Capsid Protein: A Reassessment (1996)

The objective of the present study was to identify p24 antigenic domains recognized during natural human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, the determination of the major epitopes of p24 having significant applications for both the improvement of diagnostic approaches and the development of vaccines. Reactivity of 20 HIV-1-infected patients and 8 HIV-1-negative patients was analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) developed with 45 overlapping synthetic pentadecapeptides, spanning amino acids 133 to 363 of HIV-1 p55gag precursor. Two peptides covering aa 178-192 and 288-302 of p55 were recognized by 40 and 45% of HIV-1 antibody-positive human samples, respectively. A peptide covering aa 272-322 of p55 was synthesized and recognized by most human sera in indirect ELISA. However, inhibition assays indicated that this sequence does not contain all of the immunodominant domains of p24 since it was not sufficient to block binding of human sera to whole p24. A three-dimensional model of p24 derived from the Mengovirus VP2 suggests that the two distant sequences recognized by human sera containing antibodies to HIV-1 could possibly be a part of a conformational epitope built up by two loops corresponding to aa 183-186 and 289-292.
Joint design of fixed-rate source codes and multiresolution channel codes (1998)

We propose three new design algorithms for jointly optimizing source and channel codes. Our optimality criterion is to minimize the average end-to-end distortion. For a given channel SNR and transmission rate, our joint source and channel code designs achieve an optimal allocation of bits between the source and channel coders. Our three techniques include a source-optimized channel code, a channel-optimized source code, and an iterative descent technique combining the design strategies of the other two codes. The joint designs use channel-optimized vector quantization (COVQ) for the source code and rate compatible punctured convolutional (RCPC) coding for the channel code. The optimal bit allocation reduces distortion by up to 6 dB over suboptimal allocations and by up to 4 dB relative to standard COVQ for the source data set considered. We find that all three code designs have roughly the same performance when their bit allocations are optimized. This result follows from the fact that at the optimal bit allocation the channel code removes most of the channel errors, in which case the three design techniques are roughly equivalent. We also compare the robustness of the three techniques to channel mismatch. We conclude the paper by relaxing the fixed transmission rate constraint and jointly optimizing the transmission rate, source code, and channel code.
Rotamer optimization for protein design through MAP estimation and problem‐size reduction (2009)

The search for the global minimum energy conformation (GMEC) of protein side chains is an important computational challenge in protein structure prediction and design. Using rotamer models, the problem is formulated as a NP-hard optimization problem. Dead-end elimination (DEE) methods combined with systematic A* search (DEE/A*) has proven useful, but may not be strong enough as we attempt to solve protein design problems where a large number of similar rotamers is eligible and the network of interactions between residues is dense. In this work, we present an exact solution method, named BroMAP (branch-and-bound rotamer optimization using MAP estimation), for such protein design problems. The design goal of BroMAP is to be able to expand smaller search trees than conventional branch-and-bound methods while performing only a moderate amount of computation in each node, thereby reducing the total running time. To achieve that, BroMAP attempts reduction of the problem size within each node through DEE and elimination by lower bounds from approximate maximum-a-posteriori (MAP) estimation. The lower bounds are also exploited in branching and subproblem selection for fast discovery of strong upper bounds. Our computational results show that BroMAP tends to be faster than DEE/A* for large protein design cases. BroMAP also solved cases that were not solved by DEE/A* within the maximum allowed time, and did not incur significant disadvantage for cases where DEE/A* performed well. Therefore, BroMAP is particularly applicable to large protein design problems where DEE/A* struggles and can also substitute for DEE/A* in general GMEC search.
Gyrotron Oscillators and Amplifiers (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction The State-Of-The-Art in High-Power Gyrotrons Recent Progress in Gyrotrons Driven by IREBs Frequency Multiplying Gyro-Amplifiers for Advanced Radars High-Harmonic Operation of Gyrotrons with Axis-Encircling Beams Summary Acknowledgments This chapter contains sections titled: References
An updated overall survival analysis with correction for protocol-planned crossover of the international, phase III, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of regorafenib in advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors after failure of imatinib and sunitinib (GRID). (2015)

110 Background: The GRID study showed that regorafenib improves progression-free survival compared with placebo in patients with advanced GIST after failure of at least imatinib and sunitinib (HR 0.27; 1-sided p&lt;0.0001; Demetri 2013). At the time of the primary analysis, no significant difference in the secondary endpoint of overall survival (OS) was observed (HR 0.77; p=0.199), but this result may have been confounded by the high rate of crossover to regorafenib (85%) of placebo patients at progression. We conducted exploratory analyses of updated OS data to assess the effect of correcting for this protocol-planned crossover. Methods: The data cut-off for this updated OS analysis was 31 January 2014 (2 years after the primary analysis). OS was corrected using two randomization-based methods: rank preserving structural failure time (RPSFT) and iterative parameter estimation (IPE); both methods are considered as best choice among all correction analytics. Hazard ratios and 95% CI were derived using the Cox model. Results: A total of 139 deaths had occurred at the time of data cut-off: 91 events (68.4% of patients) in the regorafenib group and 48 (72.7%) in the placebo group. A total of 22 patients remained on regorafenib treatment (median duration 2.1 years, range 0.9–2.4). The updated hazard ratio for OS favored regorafenib (0.85, 95% CI: 0.60 - 1.21; p=0.18). Median OS was estimated as 17.4 months in both groups, with crossover from placebo. The corrected HRs for OS are less than the uncorrected HR (Table). Conclusions: The updated analysis of OS in the GRID trial is consistent with the primary analysis. An exploratory analysis correcting for the impact of cross-over on OS suggests a survival benefit for regorafenib in GIST. Clinical trial information: NCT01271712. [Table: see text]
16th Conference on Water Distribution System Analysis, WDSA 2014 Artificial Neural Networks and Entropy-Based Methods to Determine Pressure Distribution in Water Distribution Systems (2014)

Pressure determination in water distribution systems (WDS) is important because it generally drives the operational actions for leakage and failure management, backwater intrusion and demand control. This determination would ideally be done through pressure monitoring at every junction in the distribution system. However, due to limited resources, it is only possible to monitor at a limited number of nodes. To this end, this work explores the use of an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to estimate pressure distributions in a WDS using the available data at the monitoring nodes as inputs. The optimal subset of monitoring nodes are chosen through an entropy-based method. Finally, pressure values are compared to synthetic pressure measures estimated through a hydraulic model. c � 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Peer-review under responsibility of the Organizing Committee of WDSA 2014.
Cyber-physical system framework for future aircraft and air traffic control (2012)

Future airspace systems are complex in the types of manned and unmanned aircraft and in managing a massive number of these airborne payload containers. Cyber - a highly intangible mix of networking, software, storage, and computing - is vital for superior performance of aircraft and airspace systems. Performance risks, however, emerge from evolving dynamics and unpredictability of an adverse operational environment, both in cyberspace and physical world. This paper proposes a novel cyber-physical system (CPS) framework for aircraft and airspace system design and performance assurance. We present the foundational role of the e-enabled aircraft in the worldwide air transport system modernization. We show how automated air navigation and surveillance depend on tight integration and controlled coordination between in-aircraft systems and off-board systems in ground, air, and space. Based on our seminal concept of “group flight,” we propose a fundamental CPS solution for controlling large volumes of manned and unmanned air traffic using Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast (ADS-B) and Internet Protocol (IP) technology.
Resistive Switching: Coexistence of Grain‐Boundaries‐Assisted Bipolar and Threshold Resistive Switching in Multilayer Hexagonal Boron Nitride (Adv. Funct. Mater. 10/2017) (2017)

Mario Lanza and co-workers fabricate resistive random access memories from chemical vapor deposited hexagonal boron nitride in article number 1604811. This two dimensional insulator can be coupled with metallic electrodes, and its conductivity can be tuned via electrical stresses. Penetration of boron ions drives the resistive switching, which is boosted by the generation of boron vacancies, especially at the grain boundaries.
Pyramid Array InGaN/GaN Core–Shell Light Emitting Diodes with Homogeneous Multilayer Graphene Electrodes (2013)

Pyramid array InGaN/GaN core–shell light-emitting diodes (LEDs) were fabricated by using a highly homogeneous multilayer graphene transparent conducting electrode. This novel electrode exhibited excellent optical, structural, and electrical properties. In this design, graphene connected each pyramid array as a top window electrode. The current-driven pyramid array InGaN/GaN core–shell LED was operated at a low current injection and exhibited bright electroluminescence. Our results suggest that graphene offers excellent current spreading and transparent conductive properties for nano- or microscale devices.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Redox and Photophysical Properties of Novel Bisphosphinoaryl RuII-Terpyridine Complexes (2004)

Novel organometallic [Ru(PCP)(tpy)]Cl complexes, containing the terdentate coordinating monoanionic bisphosphinoaryl ligands [C6H3(CH2PR2)2-2,6]- (PCP) (R = Ph (11); iPr (12)) and 2,2‘:6‘,2‘ ‘-terpyridine, have been synthesized by two different synthetic pathways in good yields. The molecular structure in the solid state of [Ru{C6H2(CH2PPh2)2-2,6}(tpy)](OTf) (14) has been determined by X-ray crystallography. The spectroscopic and electrochemical properties of the [Ru(PCP)(tpy)]Cl complexes were compared with those obtained for [Ru{C6H3(CH2NMe2)2-2,6}(tpy)](Cl) (3) containing the monoanionic bisaminoaryl ligand [C6H3(CH2NMe2)2-2,6]- (NCN). The obtained results revealed that substitution of the NCN-pincer ligand by PCP-pincer ligands offers a powerful tool to tune the redox and photophysical properties as well as the reactivity of the ruthenium(II) metal centers in the resulting photoactive monomeric species.