gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fibrinogen drives dystrophic muscle fibrosis via a TGFβ/alternative macrophage activation pathway (2008)

In the fatal degenerative Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), skeletal muscle is progressively replaced by fibrotic tissue. Here, we show that fibrinogen accumulates in dystrophic muscles of DMD patients and mdx mice. Genetic loss or pharmacological depletion of fibrinogen in these mice reduced fibrosis and dystrophy progression. Our results demonstrate that fibrinogen-Mac-1 receptor binding, through induction of IL-1beta, drives the synthesis of transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta) by mdx macrophages, which in turn induces collagen production in mdx fibroblasts. Fibrinogen-produced TGFbeta further amplifies collagen accumulation through activation of profibrotic alternatively activated macrophages. Fibrinogen, by engaging its alphavbeta3 receptor on fibroblasts, also directly promotes collagen synthesis. These data unveil a profibrotic role of fibrinogen deposition in muscle dystrophy.
NECTAR PRODUCTION AND FLORAL CHARACTERISTICS IN BIRDSFOOT TREFOIL (Lotus corniculatus L.) (1982)

Nectar production was studied in several varieties of birdsfoot trefoil in relation to flower color, aroma, and some anatomical features in order to identify characteristics which might be of use in a program of selection for attractiveness to honeybee pollinators. Color did not appear to be an important variable; no major varietal differences in light reflectance were noted at any wavelength. There was a twofold varietal range in nectar yield per umbel and a larger difference in potential yield per plant. Selection within varieties increased the difference between high- and low-nectar plants by several times. Large varietal differences in aroma strength were also noted. While nectar and aroma production were not closely correlated in all varieties, those with weak aroma were generally low nectar yielders. Nectar yield per umbel was directly related to the cross-sectional area of functional phloem in the peduncle, and the amount of functional phloem and peduncle diameter were closely correlated. The ratio of nectar yield to phloem supply was much larger in high-nectar than in low-nectar plants, indicating an important effect of an unidentified factor. Preliminary screening in selection for high nectar lines could be facilitated by discarding plants whose flowers have small peduncles and weak aroma.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure‐Based Design of Lipophilic Quinazoline Inhibitors of Thymidylate Synthase (TS). (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Relay–Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Cooperation for Energy-Efficient Multiuser Systems (2021)

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) have drawn considerable attention recently due to their controllable scattering elements that are able to direct electromagnetic waves into desirable directions. Although RISs share some similarities with relays, the two have fundamental differences impacting their performance. To harness the benefits of both relaying and RISs, a multi-user communication system is proposed in this paper wherein a relay and an RIS cooperate to improve performance in terms of energy efficiency. To utilize the RIS efficiently, the discrete phase shifts of the RIS elements are optimized along with the beamforming matrices at the transmitter and the relay, targeting the minimization of the total transmit power subject to a quality-of-service (QoS) constraint. Then, two suboptimal efficient solutions are proposed for the resulting discrete and non-convex problem, one based on singular value decomposition (SVD) and uplink-downlink duality and the other is based on SVD combined with zero-forcing. Simulations show that the proposed solutions outperform a system with either a relay or an RIS only, especially when both are closer to the users than to the base-station.
Loss mitigation in plasmonic solar cells: aluminium nanoparticles for broadband photocurrent enhancements in GaAs photodiodes (2013)

We illustrate the important trade-off between far-field scattering effects, which have the potential to provide increased optical path length over broad bands, and parasitic absorption due to the excitation of localized surface plasmon resonances in metal nanoparticle arrays. Via detailed comparison of photocurrent enhancements given by Au, Ag and Al nanostructures on thin-film GaAs devices we reveal that parasitic losses can be mitigated through a careful choice of scattering medium. Absorption at the plasmon resonance in Au and Ag structures occurs in the visible spectrum, impairing device performance. In contrast, exploiting Al nanoparticle arrays results in a blue shift of the resonance, enabling the first demonstration of truly broadband plasmon enhanced photocurrent and a 22% integrated efficiency enhancement.
Reply: Renal Ablation (2002)

Journal of the American College of Surgeons 194(5):p 687-688, May 2002. | DOI: 10.1016/S1072-7515(02)01156-0
Review on Applications of Ionic Liquids (ILs) for Bitumen Recovery: Mechanisms, Challenges, and Perspectives (2023)

Water- and solvent-based ex situ extraction processes have been employed to extract bitumen from mineable oil sands. On the other hand, bitumen is recovered in situ from deeper deposits most efficiently by injecting steam to reduce viscosity and increasing production flow to the surface. However, the water-based process with or without solvent (including steam injection) is not sustainable due to various challenges including water requirement and treatment, high energy consumption, and related environmental pollution problems emanating from high volatility of solvents. Ionic liquids (ILs) have become desirable in several industrial applications due to many unique properties including low volatility compared with traditional organic solvents. The potential for application of ILs for bitumen extraction is reviewed in this work, with a focus on the mechanistic aspect. Depending on the properties and/or functionality, the ILs can be used in bitumen extraction (with or without organic solvents) with minimal clay fines contamination and lower water and energy requirements. In the solvent-assisted IL recovery system, the IL–clay interaction is responsible for reducing the adhesive force between bitumen and the sand, which subsequently facilitates separation. Conversely, considering the types of ILs explored in the absence of solvent, the IL–bitumen interaction plays an additional role. Hitherto, applications of ILs in bitumen recovery are at a very preliminary stage. Apart from understanding the mechanisms, the major impediment lies in the high cost and environmental impact due to toxicity. Therefore, to make ILs more attractive for bitumen recovery, concerted efforts should be intensified to reduce the cost of producing ILs, ameliorate environmental impacts, and facilitate field scale applications through technoeconomic analysis of the process.
<title>Laser diode for interferometric applications</title> (1994)

The spectral characteristic of a light source e.g. spectral linewidth, light wavelength, stability of frequency and output power are the most important performance parameters for an interferometer. The influence of the above mentioned effects on the performance of a two- beam interferometer was experimentally tested in a heterodyne interferometer which had been developed for this purpose.
High-Energy Milling of Silicon Nitride Powder (2013)

Silicon nitride nanopowder was fabricated from a silicon nitride sub-micrometer powder by high energy milling. The sub-micrometer Si3N4 powder, 2 mol% of Al2O3 and 5 mol% of Y2O3 are mixed and then high-energy milled with Si3N4 balls as milling media in a Si3N4–lined pot filled with N2. Silicon nitride nanopowder with about 20 nm in diameter was obtained by high-energy milling at 475 rpm for 4 hs. Phase identification by XRD and TEM observation showed that the high-energy milled powder consisted of nanopowder with glassy phase. Effect of metallic aluminum was invesigated as a grinding additive. The addition of metallic aluminum enhanced the high-energy milling. These results suggest that nanopowder can be prepared by grinding method.
Interlaboratory Reproducibility of Selective Reaction Monitoring Assays Using Multiple Upfront Analyte Enrichment Strategies (2012)

Over the past few years, mass spectrometry has emerged as a technology to complement and potentially replace standard immunoassays in routine clinical core laboratories. Application of mass spectrometry to protein and peptide measurement can provide advantages including high sensitivity, the ability to multiplex analytes, and high specificity at the amino acid sequence level. In our previous study, we demonstrated excellent reproducibility of mass spectrometry-selective reaction monitoring (MS-SRM) assays when applying standardized standard operating procedures (SOPs) to measure synthetic peptides in a complex sample, as lack of reproducibility has been a frequent criticism leveled at the use of mass spectrometers in the clinical laboratory compared to immunoassays. Furthermore, an important caveat of SRM-based assays for proteins is that many low-abundance analytes require some type of enrichment before detection with MS. This adds a level of complexity to the procedure and the potential for irreproducibility increases, especially across different laboratories with different operators. The purpose of this study was to test the interlaboratory reproducibility of SRM assays with various upfront enrichment strategies and different types of clinical samples (representing real-world body fluids commonly encountered in routine clinical laboratories). Three different, previously published enrichment strategies for low-abundance analytes and a no-enrichment strategy for high-abundance analytes were tested across four different laboratories using different liquid chromatography-SRM (LC-SRM) platforms and previously developed SOPs. The results demonstrated that these assays were indeed reproducible with coefficients of variation of less than 30% for the measurement of important clinical proteins across all four laboratories in real world samples.
Analysis of Massive MIMO with hardware impairments and different channel models (2015)

Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) is foreseen to be one of the main technology components in next generation cellular communications (5G). In this paper, fundamental limits on the performance of downlink massive MIMO systems are investigated by means of simulations and analytical analysis. Signal-to-noise-and-interference ratio (SINR) and sum rate for a single-cell scenario multi-user MIMO are analyzed for different array sizes, channel models, and precoding schemes. The impact of hardware impairments on performance is also investigated. Simple approximations are derived that show explicitly how the number of antennas, number of served users, transmit power, and magnitude of hardware impairments affect performance.
Polymer-supported proline-decorated dendrons: dendritic effect in asymmetric aldol reaction (2007)

The yield and enantioselectivity of an asymmetric aldol reaction, catalyzed by a proline derivative immobilized on polystyrene via dipolar cycloaddition, are remarkably improved by the dendronization of the support.
Laparoscopic Pneumodissection: A Unique Means of Tissue Dissection (1995)

Pneumodissection at 50 psi is a safe method for dissecting the porcine kidney and the vessels of the renal hilum. Clinical studies are pending.
AlGaN/GaN Heterojunction FETs for High-Breakdown and Low-Leakage Operation (2013)

This paper describes experimental results to achieve improved gate breakdown voltages by using multi-field-plate technique for AlGaN/GaN HEMTs fabricated on a SiC substrate. Also described are the results to reduce gate leakage current by fabricating arrays of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs on a Na-flux free-standing GaN substrate with a low dislocation density of less than 106 cm-2.
Etching with electron beam-generated plasmas: Selectivity versus ion energy in silicon-based films (2021)

In the ideal case, plasma-enhanced atomic layer etching enables the ability to not only remove one monolayer of material but also leave adjacent layers undamaged. This dual mandate requires fine control over the flux of species to ensure efficacy, while maintaining an often arduously low ion energy. Electron beam-generated plasmas are well-suited for etching at low ion energies as they are generally characterized by highly charged particle densities (1010–1011 cm−3) and low electron temperatures (&amp;lt;1.0 eV), which provide the ability to deliver a large flux of ions whose energies are &amp;lt;5 eV. Raising the ion energy with substrate biasing thus enables process control over an energy range that extends down to values commensurate with the bond strength of most material systems. In this work, we discuss silicon nitride etching using pulsed, electron beam-generated plasmas produced in argon-SF6 backgrounds. We pay particular attention to the etch rates and selectivity versus oxidized silicon nitride and polycrystalline silicon as a function of ion energy from a few eV up to 50 eV. We find the blanket etch rate of Si3N4 to be in the range of 1 A/s, with selectivities (versus SiO2 and poly-Si) greater than 10:1 when ion energies are below 30 eV.
Transcription Factor Stat5 Knockdown Enhances Androgen Receptor Degradation and Delays Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Progression In vivo (2011)

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (Stat5) plays an important role in the transition of prostate cancer (PCa) to its castrate-resistant state. Pharmacologic targeting of Stat5 is a rational approach to delay castrate-resistant progression, in part, because Stat5 cooperates with the androgen receptor (AR) to promote PCa progression. Immunostaining of tissue microarrays was used to correlate Stat5 expression with Gleason grade and to characterize changes in treatment-naive and androgen-deprived human PCa. Potency of a Stat5 antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) on Stat5 knockdown, cell growth, and apoptosis was assessed in LNCaP, C4-2, and DU145 cells. Effects of Stat5 knockdown on AR activity and stability was assessed using a PSA transactivation-luciferase assay and cyclohexamide plus MG132 treatment, respectively. LNCaP tumor-bearing mice were castrated and randomly assigned to treatment with Stat5-ASO or controls. Here, we show that the frequency of Stat5 expression is significantly increased in high Gleason grade as well as in hormone-treated PCa. Also, specific knockdown of Stat5 with ASO abrogates androgen-induced AR nuclear translocation and PSA transactivation despite R1881 stimulation. Moreover, Stat5 knockdown destabilizes AR, which leads to AR degradation via the proteasome. Shown for the first time as a preclinical proof-of-principle, Stat5 knockdown with Stat5-ASO significantly delays CRPC tumor progression in vivo. Thereby, we are able to recapitulate our in vitro results by reducing serum PSA and expression levels of target proteins in the xenograft tumors.
Supplementary Figure S19 from Evolution of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer in ctDNA during Sequential Androgen Receptor Pathway Inhibition (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S19 shows the complete switch of circulating tumor DNA profile in patient 026 between baseline and first progression timepoints&lt;/p&gt;
Acoustic Material Characterization of Additively Manufactured Components (2024)

Additively manufactured or 3d printed components are commonly used for rapid prototyping or small series production purposes. Their mechanical properties, especially in the acoustic regime, are sparsely researched as of now. Therefore, we present a non-destructive measurement procedure to characterize the properties of additively manufactured components. We manufacture 3mm thick plates by fused deposition modeling of polylactic acid (PLA). Using focused laser radiation, broadband ultrasonic Lambwaves are excited in the plates via the photoacoustic effect. These waves are detected using a purposebuilt ultrasonic transducer for plate waves. The measurement signals processed are compared to the output of a plate waveguide model. In an inverse procedure, the material parameters of the model are optimized to yield estimates for the material properties of the sample. Using this approach, we analyze the influence of printing process parameters on the mechanic and acoustic properties of the manufactured specimens.
Central Iliac Arteriovenous Anastomosis for Hypertension: Targeting Mechanical Aspects of the Circulation (2015)

Raised blood pressure is the leading attributable risk factor for global morbidity and mortality. Real world data demonstrates that half of treated patients are at elevated cardiovascular risk because of inadequately controlled BP. In addition to pharmacotherapy, certain interventional strategies to reduce blood pressure and cardiovascular risk in hypertension can be considered according to international guidelines. One of the newer technologies entering this field is a proprietary arteriovenous coupler device that forms a fixed flow arteriovenous conduit in the central vasculature. In this review, we examine the development of and rationale for the creation of a central arteriovenous anastomosis in patients with hypertension and review the proposed mechanisms by which it may ameliorate hypertension. We critically review the clinical trial evidence base to date and postulate on future therapeutic directions.
Economic Complexity Unfolded: Interpretable Model for the Productive Structure of Economies (2017)

Economic complexity reflects the amount of knowledge that is embedded in the productive structure of an economy. It resides on the premise of hidden capabilities - fundamental endowments underlying the productive structure. In general, measuring the capabilities behind economic complexity directly is difficult, and indirect measures have been suggested which exploit the fact that the presence of the capabilities is expressed in a country's mix of products. We complement these studies by introducing a probabilistic framework which leverages Bayesian non-parametric techniques to extract the dominant features behind the comparative advantage in exported products. Based on economic evidence and trade data, we place a restricted Indian Buffet Process on the distribution of countries' capability endowment, appealing to a culinary metaphor to model the process of capability acquisition. The approach comes with a unique level of interpretability, as it produces a concise and economically plausible description of the instantiated capabilities.
Sol–gel synthesis of siloxane–oxide hybrid coatings [Si(CH3)2O·MOx: M = Si, Ti, Zr, Al] with luminescent properties (1992)

Siloxane–oxide hybrid coatings have been prepared via the hydrolysis–condensation of diethoxydimethylsilane and various metallic alkoxides, M(OR)n with M = Si, Ti, Zr and Al. The rheological behaviour of the precursor sols and their hydrophobic character due to the presence of methyl groups, allows the formation of films several tens of micrometres thick, with no cracks. Preliminary structural characterizations are presented on the Ti-containing system using MAS NMR and X-ray absorption techniques. Rhodamine 6G and coumarin 4 have been embedded in these films. Some preliminary optical properties (absorption and emission) are presented. Most of the systems exhibit strong fluorescence, even for high dye concentration. This effect seems to be related to the particular structural nature of these matrices.
Polysegmental Wedge Osteotomy for Thoracolumbar Kyphosis in Ankylosing Spondylitis (2006)

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is an important cause of fixed sagittal plane deformity of the spine. AS is a seronegative spondyloarthropathy with a high specificity for involvement of the spinal entheses, or attachments of joint capsules, ligaments, and tendons into bone. Characteristically, the axial skeleton including the sacroiliac joints and the spinal motion segments are affected by sterile inflammation, erosion, fibrosis, and ossification. Ankylosis of the spine results in significant and measurable disability and compromise of quality of life (1). There are three recognized phases of disease progression: inflammation, flexion deformity, and bony ankylosis (2). Medical management and postural exercises have not reliably changed the natural history of deformity progression, although new therapies including tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibition have improved symptoms and pain (1). Spinal deformity in AS most commonly affects the thoracolumbar spine with flattening of lumbar lordosis and kyphosis across the mobile thoracolumbar junction. Cervical and upper thoracic deformity is present in 30% of cases, and involvement of these regions is more common in women (3). In the absence of a reliable medical intervention for the management of progressive spinal deformity in AS, surgical care remains an important consideration for the cohort of patients with AS and disabling spinal deformity. The purpose of this article is to review the surgical care of kyphotic deformity at the thoracolumbar spine using the closing wedge osteotomy.
Divergence-Free Constrained Phase Unwrapping and Denoising for 4D Flow MRI Using Weighted Least-Squares (2021)

A novel divergence-free constrained phase unwrapping method was proposed and evaluated for 4D flow MRI. The unwrapped phase field was obtained by integrating the phase variations estimated from the wrapped phase data using weighted least-squares. The divergence-free constraint for incompressible blood flow was incorporated to regulate and denoise the resulting phase field. The proposed method was tested on synthetic phase data of left ventricular flow and in vitro 4D flow measurement of Poiseuille flow. The method was additionally applied to in vivo 4D flow measurements in the thoracic aorta from 30 human subjects. The performance of the proposed method was compared to the state-of-the-art 4D single-step Laplacian algorithm. The synthetic phase data were completely unwrapped by the proposed method for all the cases with velocity encoding (venc) as low as 20% of the maximum velocity and signal-to-noise ratio as low as 5. The in vitro Poiseuille flow data were completely unwrapped with a 60% increase in the velocity-to-noise ratio. For the in-vivo aortic datasets with venc ratio less than 0.4, the proposed method significantly improved the success rate by as much as 40% and reduced the velocity error levels by a factor of 10 compared to the state-of-the-art method. The divergence-free constrained method exhibits reliability and robustness on phase unwrapping and shows improved accuracy of velocity and hemodynamic quantities by unwrapping the low-venc 4D flow MRI data.
Supplementary Tables S1-S3 from A Pilot Study of Consolidative Immunotherapy in Patients with High-Risk Pediatric Sarcomas (2023)

Supplementary Tables S1-S3 from A Pilot Study of Consolidative Immunotherapy in Patients with High-Risk Pediatric Sarcomas