gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Subsystem codes with spatially local generators (2011)

We study subsystem codes whose gauge group has local generators in two-dimensional (2D) geometry. It is shown that there exists a family of such codes defined on lattices of size $L\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}L$ with the number of logical qubits $k$ and the minimum distance $d$ both proportional to $L$. The gauge group of these codes involves only two-qubit generators of type $\mathit{XX}$ and $\mathit{ZZ}$ coupling nearest-neighbor qubits (and some auxiliary one-qubit generators). Our proof is not constructive as it relies on a certain version of the Gilbert-Varshamov bound for classical codes. Along the way, we introduce and study properties of generalized Bacon-Shor codes that might be of independent interest. Secondly, we prove that any 2D subsystem $[n,k,d]$ code with spatially local generators obeys upper bounds $\mathit{kd}=O(n)$ and ${d}^{2}=O(n)$. The analogous upper bound proved recently for 2D stabilizer codes is ${\mathit{kd}}^{2}=O(n)$. Our results thus demonstrate that subsystem codes can be more powerful than stabilizer codes under the spatial locality constraint.
Estimating the Relative Contributions of Virulence Factors for Pathogenic Microbes (2006)

Many pathogenic microbes have multiple virulence factors that can cause damage to the host and thus contribute to an overall virulence phenotype for that organism. Although current techniques are suitable for demonstrating that a particular microbial characteristic contributes to virulence, no formal approach for defining the relative contributions of multiple virulence factors to overall virulence has been proposed. This paper describes the use of multivariate linear regression to estimate the relative contributions of virulence factors to the overall phenomenon of virulence. The approach is illustrated here with sample calculations of the relative contributions of individual Cryptococcus neoformans and Bacillus anthracis virulence factors to the overall virulence phenotype. These calculations were derived from a small underpowered experimental data set for the fungus and two larger sets of randomly generated data for both microbes. The major limitation of this method is a requirement for large data sets of microbial strains that differ in virulence and virulence factor expression. Multivariate linear regression can be used to identify the relative levels of importance of virulence factors in virulence studies, and this information can be used to prioritize antigen identification for vaccine development and the design of antimicrobial strategies that target virulence mechanisms.
Optical Clock Distribution For High Speed Computers (1988)

In synchronous systems, clock signals are used to maintain the order of occurance of events as well as defining the time frame in which logic is performed. Clock skew, the variance in arrival times of the same state of the clock signal to various parts in the system, is being identified as one of the main limitations to system performance. In this paper, we analyze an optical alternative for clock distribution. To demonstrate the feasibility of optical clock distribution, an experimental system has been designed and implemented to achieve a clock skew less than 200 psec.
Towards the Recombinant Production of Mussel Byssal Collagens (2010)

Purity and biocompatibility are prerequisites for collagen-based products in medical, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic applications. Investigation of new collagen sources and development of recombinant technologies for high-yield collagen production allow the development of novel biomaterials. Here, we highlight a fascinating natural collagenous material from marine mussels as a potential new source for biomaterial research. Further, we focus on recombinant collagen production and evaluate the feasibility to adapt these technologies for the biotechnological production of mussel byssal collagens.
Patient-matched analysis identifies deregulated networks in prostate cancer to guide personalized therapeutic intervention (2021)

Prostate cancer (PrCa) is the second most common malignancy in men. More than 50% of advanced prostate cancers display the TMPRSS2-ERG fusion. Despite extensive cancer genome/transcriptome data, little is known about the impact of mutations and altered transcription on regulatory networks in the PrCa of individual patients. Using patient-matched normal and tumor samples, we established somatic variations and differential transcriptome profiles of primary ERG-positive prostate cancers. Integration of protein-protein interaction and gene-regulatory network databases defined highly diverse patient-specific network alterations. Different components of a given regulatory pathway were altered by novel and known mutations and/or aberrant gene expression, including deregulated ERG targets, and were validated by using a novel in silico methodology. Consequently, different sets of pathways were altered in each individual PrCa. In a given PrCa, several deregulated pathways share common factors, predicting synergistic effects on cancer progression. Our integrated analysis provides a paradigm to identify druggable key deregulated factors within regulatory networks to guide personalized therapies.
Coupled acoustic mode propagation through continental-shelf internal solitary waves (1997)

Three techniques are used to investigate mode coupling as acoustic energy passes through continental-shelf internal solitary waves (ISW's). Results from all techniques agree. The waves considered here are single downward undulations of a thermocline layer separating upper and lower well-mixed layers. Two techniques are numerical: parabolic equation (PE) solution and a sudden approximation joining range-invariant regions at sharp vertical interfaces. The third technique is an analytic derivation of ISW scale lengths separating adiabatic (at large scale) and coupled-mode propagation. Results show that energy is exchanged between modes as ISW's are traversed. The sharp interface solutions help explain this in terms of spatially confined coupling and modal phase interference. Three regimes are observed: 1) for short ISW's, coupling upon wave entrance is reversed upon exit, with no net coupling; 2) for ISW scales of 75-200 m, modal phase alteration averts the exit reversal, giving net coupling; transparent resonances yielding no net coupling are also observed in this regime; and 3) for long ISW's, adiabaticity is probable but not universal. Mode refraction analysis for nonparallel acoustic-ISW alignment suggests that these two-dimensional techniques remain valid for 0/spl deg/ (parallel) to 65/spl deg/ (oblique) incidence, with an accordant ISW stretching.
Does a Mixed Training Course on the Oxford Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty Improve Non-Technical Skills of Orthopaedic Surgeons? (2012)

A mixed continuing medical education course could enhance the non-technical (cognitive) skills for UKA.
Sonntagsschulen in Weißrussland1. Eine empirische Untersuchung (2014)

Abstract This article presents the results from an empirical study on the Sunday School in Belarus. It offers insights into the situation of the children and adolescents taking part in this program of the Orthodox Church, their views of this program, their preferences and attitudes, including their experiences with worship services. In the first part of the article, the situation of the Sunday School in Belarus is described against the backdrop of church and religion in this country. The final section presents some thoughts on comparative aspects, especially in reference to the German study on confirmation work (which also, to some degree, served as a model for the study in Belarus).
Self-contained NoSQL Resources for Cross-Domain RDF (2016)

Cross-domain knowledge bases such as DBpedia, Freebase and YAGO have emerged as encyclopedic hubs in the Web of Linked Data. Despite enabling several practical applications in the Semantic Web, the large-scale, schema-free nature of such graphs often precludes research groups from employing them widely as evaluation test cases for entity resolution and instance-based ontology alignment applications. Although the ground-truth linkages between the three knowledge bases above are available, they are not amenable to resource-limited applications. One reason is that the ground-truth files are not self-contained, meaning that a researcher must usually perform a series of expensive joins (typically in MapReduce) to obtain usable information sets. In this paper, we upload several publicly licensed data resources to the public cloud and use simple Hadoop clusters to compile, and make accessible, three cross-domain self-contained test cases involving linked instances from DBpedia, Freebase and YAGO. Self-containment is enabled by virtue of a simple NoSQL JSON-like serialization format. Potential applications for these resources, particularly related to testing transfer learning research hypotheses, are also briefly described.
Segmental Replacement of Long Bones Using Titanium Fiber Metal Composite Following Tumor Resection (1983)

A series of 17 long bone defects following tumor resections were reconstructed using titanium fiber metal implants with adequate bone grafts. There were nine diaphyseal segmental arthroplasties and eight arthrodeses of the knee. The results were excellent in 11 and satisfactory in five, and there was one failure. Sixteen patients became fully weight-bearing. Adequate bone grafts, especially from both posterior iliac crests, and good skin coverage are essential to adequate bony reconstruction.
Bone metastases from differentiated thyroid carcinoma (2008)

The presence of distant metastases from differentiated thyroid carcinoma decreases the 10-year survival of patients by 50%. Bone metastases represent a frequent complication especially of follicular thyroid cancer and severely reduce the quality of life causing pain, fractures, and spinal cord compression. Diagnosis is established by correlating clinical suspicion with imaging. Imaging is essential to detect, localize, and assess the extension of the lesions and should be used in conjunction with clinical evidence. Bone metastases are typically associated with elevated markers of bone turnover, but these markers have not been evaluated in differentiated thyroid cancer. Skeletal and whole-body magnetic resonance imaging and fusion 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose whole-body positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) are the best anatomic and functional imaging techniques available in specialized centers. For well-differentiated lesions, iodine-PET scan combined (124)I-PET/CT is the newest imaging development and (131)I is the first line of treatment. Bisphosphonates reduce the complications rate and pain, alone or in combination with radioiodine, radionuclides, or external beam radiotherapy and should be employed. Surgery and novel minimally invasive consolidation techniques demand an appropriate patient selection for best results on a multimodal approach. Basic research on interactions between tumor cells and bone microenvironment are identifying potential novel targets for future more effective therapeutic interventions for less differentiated tumors.
Anin situsealing method for liquid-filled micro-cavities based on photoembossing (2008)

An in situ method for sealing an array of pre-filled micro-cavities, such as encountered in electrophoretic displays, is presented. The technique, which is based on photoembossing, forms a hermetic seal between the cover and the cavity walls. The seal locations are defined by ultraviolet exposure through a photolithographic mask, forming a latent image overlapping with the locations of the cavity walls. During a thermal development step, while the cover is mounted on top of the micro-cavities, the seal evolves and makes firm contact with the cavity walls. This technology is demonstrated to be insensitive to small deviations in cavity height, flatness of the cover and thin fluid films remaining between the cover and the top of the cavity walls. In the past, these aspects made it difficult to effectively seal large-area devices.
2022 ESC Guidelines on cardio-oncology developed in collaboration with the European Hematology Association (EHA), the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (ESTRO) and the International Cardio-Oncology Society (IC-OS) (2022)

SCOPUS: ar.j
Single Frequency Blue Lasers (2019)

Owing to increased performance capabilities over their LED counterparts, Gallium Nitride (GaN) based Laser Diodes (LDs) are becoming more prevalent in several applications, including lighting, visible light communications, medical spectroscopy, and atom cooling. For many of these applications, a tunable, precise wavelength is necessary such that chromatic aberrations are minimized and that specific wavelengths with narrow linewidth can be utilized for atomic transitions or filtered communications systems. This paper discusses one method of achieving single-mode lasing operation in GaN LDs, namely the deeply-etched sidewall grating Distributed Feedback (DFB) LD. Optical characteristics of such devices will be discussed, as well as their feasibility for optical communications.
Antitumor activity and safety of pembrolizumab in patients with advanced recurrent ovarian cancer: Interim results from the phase 2 KEYNOTE-100 study. (2018)

5511 Background: Data from the KEYNOTE-028 study (NCT02054806) suggested that pembrolizumab (pembro) has clinical activity in patients (pts) with PD-L1+ advanced ovarian cancer (AOC). We assessed the antitumor activity and safety of pembro in pts with recurrent AOC in the ongoing, 2-cohort, phase 2 KEYNOTE-100 study (NCT02674061). Methods: Key eligibility criteria included epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer, confirmed recurrence following front-line platinum-based therapy, ECOG PS 0/1, and provision of a tumor sample for biomarker analysis. Cohort A pts received ≤2 prior chemotherapy lines for recurrent AOC and had a platinum-free or treatment-free interval (PFI/TFI) of ≥3 to 12 mo. Cohort B pts received 3-5 prior chemotherapy lines and had a PFI/TFI of ≥3 mo. Pts received pembro 200 mg Q3W IV for 2 yrs or until progression, death, unacceptable toxicity, or consent withdrawal. Tumor imaging was performed every 9 wks for 1 yr and every 12 wks thereafter. Primary study endpoint was ORR per RECIST v1.1 by independent central review for both cohorts and by tumor PD-L1 expression. The effect of PD-L1 expression on ORR was tested with the combined positive score (CPS) assay. Cutpoints were established using the first 100 pts enrolled into Cohort A (training set). Validation was performed among all subsequent pts enrolled. Training set results are presented here. Complete results (n = 378) will be available for presentation. Results: 378 pts were enrolled in KEYNOTE-100. 97/100 training set pts had analyzable results. Mean (±SD) age for this group was 61 (±12) yr, 68% had ECOG PS 0, and 77% had high grade serous disease. ORR was 9% (95% CI, 4, 17). ORR was higher in pts with PD-L1 expression: 14% (8/59) with CPS ≥1 and 25% (5/20) with CPS ≥10. 73% of pts had treatment-related (TR) AEs and 17% had grade 3-5 TR AEs. There was 1 TR death in a pt with Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Conclusions: Pembro monotherapy was associated with antitumor activity in pts with recurrent AOC. ORR increased with PD-L1 expression, better defining a population benefiting from single agent pembro. No new safety signals were identified in this population. Clinical trial information: NCT02674061.
What the foundations of quantum computer science teach us about chemistry (2021)

With the rapid development of quantum technology, one of the leading applications that has been identified is the simulation of chemistry. Interestingly, even before full scale quantum computers are available, quantum computer science has exhibited a remarkable string of results that directly impact what is possible in a chemical simulation with any computer. Some of these results even impact our understanding of chemistry in the real world. In this Perspective, we take the position that direct chemical simulation is best understood as a digital experiment. While on the one hand, this clarifies the power of quantum computers to extend our reach, it also shows us the limitations of taking such an approach too directly. Leveraging results that quantum computers cannot outpace the physical world, we build to the controversial stance that some chemical problems are best viewed as problems for which no algorithm can deliver their solution, in general, known in computer science as undecidable problems. This has implications for the predictive power of thermodynamic models and topics such as the ergodic hypothesis. However, we argue that this Perspective is not defeatist but rather helps shed light on the success of existing chemical models such as transition state theory, molecular orbital theory, and thermodynamics as models that benefit from data. We contextualize recent results, showing that data-augmented models are a more powerful rote simulation. These results help us appreciate the success of traditional chemical theory and anticipate new models learned from experimental data. Not only can quantum computers provide data for such models, but they can also extend the class and power of models that utilize data in fundamental ways. These discussions culminate in speculation on new ways for quantum computing and chemistry to interact and our perspective on the eventual roles of quantum computers in the future of chemistry.
Chromium(III) Complexes for Photochemical Nitric Oxide Generation from Coordinated Nitrite:  Synthesis and Photochemistry of Macrocyclic Complexes with Pendant Chromophores, trans-[Cr(L)(ONO)2]BF4 (2005)

Several new dinitritochromium(III) complexes of the type trans-[Cr(L)(ONO)(2)]BF(4), where L is a derivative of the macrocyclic ligand cyclam having pendant aromatic chromophores attached (L = 5,7-dimethyl-6-(substituted)-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane), have been prepared and characterized. Photoexcitation of aqueous solutions containing these complexes at wavelengths corresponding to the pendant chromophore absorption bands led to the generation of NO as detected by an electrochemical sensor. Photophysical data show that the expected fluorescence of the pendant chromophores is largely quenched when the macrocyclic ligand is coordinated to these Cr(III) centers, and this is interpreted in terms of fast energy transfer processes from the ligand-centered pipi states to the Cr(III)-centered ligand field states leading to subsequent cleavage of the Cr(III)-coordinated nitrito ligand. Thus, the chromophores tethered to the coordinated cyclam serve as light-gathering antennae for the intramolecular sensitization of the NO-generating photoreactions at the metal center.
Continuum Theory for Liquid Crystals (1998)

The prelims comprise: Introduction Equilibrium Theory for Nematics Equilibrium Theory for Smectic Liquid Crystals Dynamic Theory for Nematics References
Tibial fracture repair with angle‐stable interlocking nailing in 2 calves (2019)

Interlocking nailing may provide an effective and safe alternative for osteosynthesis of tibial fractures in young calves. Insertion of the AS-ILN across the center of the proximal tibial physis of a rapidly growing calf does not seem to alter its growth potential.
Sorption and Dilation of Poly(1-(trimethylsilyl)-1-propyne) by Carbon Dioxide and Methane (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSorption and Dilation of Poly(1-(trimethylsilyl)-1-propyne) by Carbon Dioxide and MethaneD. S. Pope, W. J. Koros, and H. B. HopfenbergCite this: Macromolecules 1994, 27, 20, 5839–5844Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00098a043https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00098a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views154Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Locus of Enterocyte Effacement (LEE)-Encoded Regulator Controls Expression of Both LEE- and Non-LEE-Encoded Virulence Factors in Enteropathogenic and EnterohemorrhagicEscherichia coli (2000)

Regulation of virulence gene expression in enteropathogenicEscherichia coli (EPEC) and enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) is incompletely understood. In EPEC, the plasmid-encoded regulator Per is required for maximal expression of proteins encoded on the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE), and a LEE-encoded regulator (Ler) is part of the Per-mediated regulatory cascade upregulating the LEE2, LEE3, andLEE4 promoters. We now report that Ler is essential for the expression of multiple LEE-located genes in both EPEC and EHEC, including those encoding the type III secretion pathway, the secreted Esp proteins, Tir, and intimin. Ler is therefore central to the process of attaching and effacing (AE) lesion formation. Ler also regulates the expression of LEE-located genes not required for AE-lesion formation, including rorf2, orf10,rorf10, orf19, and espF, indicating that Ler regulates additional virulence properties. In addition, Ler regulates the expression of proteins encoded outside the LEE that are not essential for AE lesion formation, including TagA in EHEC and EspC in EPEC. Δler mutants of both EPEC and EHEC show altered adherence to epithelial cells and express novel fimbriae. Ler is therefore a global regulator of virulence gene expression in EPEC and EHEC.
Antikollisionssystem PRORETA – Integrierte Lösung für ein unfallvermeidendes Fahrzeug (2009)

Dank einer zunehmenden Verbreitung von aktiven und passiven Sicherheitssystemen in Kraftfahrzeugen konnte die Zahl der Verkehrstoten in den letzten Jahren stetig gesenkt werden. Bei der Bearbeitung des Projekts PRORETA wurde mit der Entwicklung eines elektronischen Fahrerassistenzsystems zur Unfallvermeidung das Ziel verfolgt, durch Notbremsen und Notausweichen Unfälle zu vermeiden. Das System wurde an der TU Darmstadt in Kooperation mit der Continental AG entwickelt. Im Folgenden werden die Grundlagen des Systems, Fahrversuche und Ergebnisse einer ergonomischen Studie dargestellt.