gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CPV module to rate antireflective and encapsulant coating in outdoor conditions (2022)

Reflections are the most important channel losses in CPV modules. Since high efficiency solar cells need a protection against moisture and oxidation, we study an antireflective coating which also encapsulates the solar cells. It is based on a monolayer of microbeads partially submerged into PDMS. In this work, a CPV module is designed to compare the electrical performance of encapsulated and bare solar cells. A preliminary study demonstrates an increase in short- circuit current by 3.8% with EQE measurements and simulations. Outdoor measurements in Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada gave a 6.4% increase in current for a 280X module on a clear cold day in September, after rejecting aberrant measurements, which confirms the interest of using microbeads as an antireflective coating for CPV applications.
Facing Legal and Ethical Challenges in the Treatment of AIDS (2011)

Abstract Physicians who manage people living with HIV sometimes must grapple with issues that are not strictly medical in nature. One such important area, which is the focus of this chapter, pertains to the legal implications of treatment decisions and the need for the physician to avoid legal liability. In this chapter, we consider three issues that can be of particular relevance to physicians treating HIV-positive patience: weighing patient confidentiality against the need to inform endangered third-parties of possible harm, questions pertaining to physician-assisted suicide, and the challenge of obtaining informed consent in the setting of cognitive impairment. This chapter can provide valuable background on these important issues. Nonetheless, legal questions such as these have State- and Country-specific legal analyses, so the at-risk practitioner is strongly advised to explore the applicable statutes and case law.
X-ray damage to CF sub 3 CO sub 2 (trifluoroacetyl) -terminated organic monolayers on Si/Au supports is due primarily to X-ray-induced electrons. Technical report (1991)

X rays damage organic materials. The relative importance of X rays themselves, and of both X ray generated and secondary electrons, in this damage was explored using self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on multilayer thin film supports. The substrates were prepared by depositing thin films of Si (0, 50, 100 and 200) on thick layers of Au (2000 Angstroms); these systems were supported on chromium-primed silicon wafers. Trifluoroacetyl-terminated SAMs were assembled on these substrates and the samples irradiated with monochromatic Al K alpha X-rays. The fluxes of X rays to which the different samples were exposed were the same, but the fluxes and energy distributions of the electrons generated by interactions of the X rays with the substrates differed. The loss of fluorine from the SAMs was followed by XPS and was slower on substrates emitting a lower flux of electrons. This observation indicated that the electrons, and not the X rays themselves, were largely responsible for the damage to the organic monolayer films that resulted in loss of fluorine from them.
Xforms Essentials (2003)

XForms Essentials is an introduction and practical guide to the new XForms specification. Written by Micah Dubinko, a member of the W3C XForms working group and an editor of the specification, the book explains the how and why of XForms, showing readers how to take advantage of them without having to write their own code. You'll learn how to integrate XForms with both HTML and XML vocabularies, and how XForms can simplify the connection between client-based user input and server-based processing. If you work with forms, HTML, or XML information, XForms Essentials will provide you with a much simpler route to more sophisticated interactions with users.
A Biomechanical Evaluation of Graded Posterior Element Removal for Treatment of Lumbar Stenosis (2008)

Minimization of bone and ligament removal associated with minimally invasive procedures results in greater preservation of the normal motion of the lumbar spine after surgery. This study suggests that preservation of the posterior spinal elements associated with minimally invasive surgery could minimize the risk of developing de novo postoperative changes in spinal alignment and/or acceleration of facet and disc degeneration.
Melatonin and Prostate Cancer: Anti-tumor Roles and Therapeutic Application (2022)

Melatonin is an endogenous indoleamine that has been shown to inhibit tumor growth in laboratory models of prostate cancer. Prostate cancer risk has additionally been associated with exogenous factors that interfere with normal pineal secretory activity, including aging, poor sleep, and artificial light at night. Therefore, we aim to expand on the important epidemiological evidence, and to review how melatonin can impede prostate cancer. More specifically, we describe the currently known mechanisms of melatonin-mediated oncostasis in prostate cancer, including those that relate to the indolamine's ability to modulate metabolic activity, cell cycle progression and proliferation, androgen signaling, angiogenesis, metastasis, immunity and oxidative cell status, apoptosis, genomic stability, neuroendocrine differentiation, and the circadian rhythm. The outlined evidence underscores the need for clinical trials to determine the efficacy of supplemental, adjunct, and adjuvant melatonin therapy for the prevention and treatment of prostate cancer.
Expression and function of ErbB receptors and ligands in the pituitary (2011)

The role of ErbB family in discreet pituitary functions is reviewed. Several ErbB receptor ligands, EGF, TGFα, and heregulin are differentially expressed in normal gonadotroph and lacto-somatotroph lineages, and other elements of the anterior pituitary. ErbB receptors, i.e. EGFR and ErbB2, are also localized to the anterior pituitary with preferential EGFR lactosomatotroph expression. EGF regulates CRH and ACTH secretion and corticotroph proliferation as well as exhibiting autocrine and paracrine effects on gonadotrophs and on lactosomatotroph proliferation, gene and protein expression, and hormonal secretion. EGF and EGFR are expressed in both functioning and non-functioning pituitary adenomas, with higher expression in more aggressive tumor subtypes. ErbB2 receptor is detected in all tumor subtypes, particularly in invasive tumors. ErbB tyrosine kinase inhibitors regulate hormonal secretion, cell morphology, and proliferation in lacto-somatotroph tumors, reflecting the emerging application of targeted pituitary therapeutics.
Application of a smart dosing pump algorithm in identifying real-time optimum dose of antiscalant in reverse osmosis systems (2022)

The potential of membrane scaling control by a real-time optimization algorithm was investigated. The effect of antiscalant dosing was evaluated from the induction time measured in glass batch-reactors, and from the operational performance of a lab-scale reverse osmosis (RO) unit and two pilot-scale RO units. Step changes in the antiscalant dosing demonstrated that the accumulation of scaling is ‘paused’ during periods when the optimum dose is applied. This is paramount for the application of a dynamic dosing strategy that may briefly underdose, while searching for the optimum dose. It was found that antiscalant underdose and overdose were both detrimental to RO operation since underdose resulted in membrane scaling, while overdose led to membrane fouling due to calcium-antiscalant deposits. The dosing algorithm was used to minimize antiscalant consumption in two pilot RO units. The algorithm was able to lower the antiscalant doses to 0.2 mg/L and 0.6 mg/L, while the supplier's recommended antiscalant doses were 2.0 mg/L and 4.5 mg/L, respectively. As a result, the algorithm could reduce antiscalant consumption by up to 85–90% for the plants mentioned.
Which conditions promote a remanent (persistent) bactericidal activity of chlorine covers? (1998)

The interaction of disinfectants containing active chlorine compounds (hypochlorite, chloramine T) with skin surfaces produces a so called chlorine cover which is a true chemical transformation of the protein matrix of the outermost horny skin layer by forming covalent N-Cl bonds. Though its intensity can easily be measured, the results on its remanent (persistent) bactericidal action until now have not been described consistently. While Gottardi and Karl observed a well-defined remanent action which correlated with the cover strength in the artificially with E. coli contaminated arm, Koller, Rotter, and Gottardi were not able to prove it, neither in artificially contaminated hands nor in the case of the resident bacterial colonization. To clarify these not consistent results, the bactericidal activity of chlorine covers on transient (dry contamination of the finger tips with Micrococcus luteus) as well as on resident colonization (after wearing gloves for 3 h) has been re-investigated using contact plates for recovering the bacteria. The results are showing that the remanent bactericidal action of chlorine covers strongly depends on the skin milieu, with moist conditions caused by sweat (surgical gloves) favoring the bactericidal activity. Elution experiments prove that protein constituents (detected by UV-spectrometry) continuously are transported to the skin-surface. It is obvious that the latter equilibrate with the chlorine cover by forming bactericidal N-Cl compounds with the effect that oxidation capacity fixed at the protein matrix is mobilized enabling the remanent bactericidal action.
Low-complexity scalable DCT image compression (2002)

We have developed a scalable image compression scheme with a good performance-complexity trade-off. Like JPEG, it is based on the 8/spl times/8 block discrete cosine transform (DCT), but it uses no additional quantization or entropy coding (such as Huffman or arithmetic coding). Bit-rate or quality scalability is enabled by encoding the DCT coefficients bit plane by bit plane, starting at the most significant plane. The individual bit planes are efficiently encoded using simple rectangular zones. Our method offers about the same compression performance as JPEG, but at a lower complexity and with the additional feature of scaling the bit rate by simply truncating the generated bit string.
Summary of losses in magnetic materials (2002)

Current concepts of the physical origin and mechanisms of losses in magnetic materials are reviewed under three traditional categories: hysteresis losses, eddy-current or dielectric losses, and residual losses. The phenomenological Landau-Lifshitz equation is used to quantitatively express the various manifestations of the residual losses. Possible physical mechanisms contributing to the phenomenologically introduced Landau-Lifshitz damping term are qualitatively discussed.
MLTI-10. ESTABLISHMENT OF A MULTIDISCIPLINARY BRAIN METASTASIS CLINIC TO FACILITATE PATIENT-CENTERED CARE AND COORDINATED RESEARCH (2019)

Abstract BACKGROUND: ~30% cancer patients develop brain metastases (BM), reflected by ~1600 BM patients treated at MD Anderson Cancer Center annually. With advances in systemic therapy and extracranial disease control, BM is a growing challenge. Multi-disciplinary BM management is critical and complex requiring coordination of multiple oncology sub-specialties. There is limited data on pragmatic clinic models to streamline and advance care. METHODS: Recognizing deficiency in BM treatment and research, a steering committee was formed at MDACC to establish an interdisciplinary BM clinic (BMC), with a multi-disciplinary BM research retreat held in 2016. The goal of BMC was to centralize patient referrals, improve patient outcomes and experience, and advance research by developing clinical trials and biomarker discovery programs. Meetings were held to address BMC format, workflow, EMR integration, data collection infrastructure, and staffing model. RESULTS: MDACC BMC clinic opened in 01/2019 with two half-day clinics staffed by neurosurgery, neuro-radiation oncology, neuro-radiology and medical/neuro oncology. A dedicated advanced practice provider screens the referrals according to a well-developed algorithm. A multidisciplinary conference is held immediately before each clinic where patient images are reviewed, cases are discussed and consensus recommendations are developed. The treatment plan and follow up appointments are arranged at the completion of the clinic visit to expedite care. ~50 patients have been seen with excellent patient satisfaction response and reduced time to treatment. ~20% patients had major change in treatment plan following multi-disciplinary evaluation. Additional efforts to develop a central BM database along with clinical and translational research programs are on-going. CONCLUSIONS: Establishment of a multi-disciplinary BMC to facilitate care and centralize research programs addresses a critical need for coordinated patient-centered BM management. This endeavor has enhanced patient experience through multi-specialty collaboration. Our program demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of a dedicated BMC in the treatment of this complex patient population.
Failure To Detect Brachyspira pilosicoli in Bloodstream of Australian Patients (2001)

The isolation of intestinal spirochetes from the blood of a series of six French patients with a range of serious clinical problems was reported recently (3). These organisms and another from the blood of a patient with AIDS in the United States were subsequently identified as Brachyspira(Serpulina) pilosicoli (7).
Improvement of NADPH bioavailability in Escherichia coli by replacing NAD+-dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase GapA with NADP+-dependent GapB from Bacillus subtilis and addition of NAD kinase (2013)

Enzymatic synthesis of some industrially important compounds depends heavily on cofactor NADPH as the reducing agent. This is especially true in the synthesis of chiral compounds that are often used as pharmaceutical intermediates to generate the correct stereochemistry in bioactive products. The high cost and technical difficulty of cofactor regeneration often pose a challenge for such biocatalytic reactions. In this study, to increase NADPH bioavailability, the native NAD(+)-dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) gapA gene in Escherichia coli was replaced with a NADP(+)-dependent gapB from Bacillus subtilis. To overcome the limitation of NADP(+) availability, E. coli NAD kinase, nadK was also coexpressed with gapB. The recombinant strains were then tested in three reporting systems: biosynthesis of lycopene, oxidation of cyclohexanone with cyclohexanone monooxygenase (CHMO), and an anaerobic system utilizing 2-haloacrylate reductase (CAA43). In all the reporting systems, replacing NAD(+)-dependent GapA activity with NADP(+)-dependent GapB activity increased the synthesis of NADPH-dependent compounds. The increase was more pronounced when NAD kinase was also overexpressed in the case of the one-step reaction catalyzed by CAA43 which approximately doubled the product yield. These results validate this novel approach to improve NADPH bioavailability in E. coli and suggest that the strategy can be applied in E. coli or other bacterium-based production of NADPH-dependent compounds.
A timing verifier and timing profiler for asynchronous circuits (2003)

A system for timing verification and timing profiling of asynchronous circuits is presented. A hierarchical netlist is simulated with an ordinary simulator such as HSPICE. Signal transition information is extracted from the simulation results. The system uses this information and the netlist to compare the circuit to generalized signal transition graph specifications by simulating the flow of tokens in the graphs. If a signal makes a transition that is not allowed by the specification, a timing error has occurred. The flow of tokens in the graph is also used to produce timing statistics for the circuit. Based on these statistics, timing optimization can be done in an iterative design process.
Lateral distribution of a pyrene-labeled phosphatidylcholine in phosphatidylcholine bilayers: fluorescence phase and modulation study (1986)

The lateral distribution of 1-palmitoyl-2-[10-(1-pyrenyl)decanoyl]phosphatidylcholine (PyrPC) was studied in small unilamellar vesicles of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-, 1,2-dimyristoyl-, and 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-phosphatidylcholine (DPPC, DMPC, and POPC, respectively) under anaerobic conditions. The DPPC and DMPC experiments were carried out over temperature ranges above and below the matrix phospholipid phase transition temperature (Tm). The excimer to monomer fluorescence intensity ratio (E/M) was determined as a function of temperature for the three PyrPC/lipid mixtures. Phase and modulation data were used to determine the temperature dependence of pyrene fluorescence rate parameters in gel and in liquid-crystalline bilayers. These parameters were then used to provide information about excited-state fluorescence in phospholipid bilayers, calculate the concentration of the probe within liquid-crystalline and gel domains in the phase transition region of PyrPC in DPPC, and simulate E/M vs. temperature curves for three systems whose phase diagrams are different. From the simulated curves we could determine the relationship between the shape of the three simulated E/M vs. temperature curves and the lateral distribution of the probe. This information was then used to interpret the three experimentally derived E/M vs. temperature curves. Our results indicate that PyrPC is randomly distributed in pure gel and fluid phosphatidylcholine bilayers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Early measles virus infection is associated with the development of inflammatory bowel disease (2000)

Early measles infection is associated with an increased risk of developing Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. The risk may be higher with earlier infection.
Construction and characterization of extrachromosomal probes for mutagenesis by carcinogens: site-specific incorporation of O6-methylguanine into viral and plasmid genomes. (1984)

Organic synthesis and recombinant DNA technology were used to situate a putatively premutagenic DNA lesion, O6-methylguanine (O6MeGua), at a specific location in the genomes of two bacterial viruses, M13mp8 and phi X174, and of the bacterial plasmid pBR322. In each genome the first guanine residue in the unique recognition sequence for restriction endonuclease Pst I (5'-C-T-G-C-A-G-3') was replaced with O6MeGua. This was accomplished by ligating a chemically synthesized tetranucleotide, 5'-pTpm6GpCpA-3', into a circular, genome-length heteroduplex in which the four internal nucleotides of the Pst I recognition site had been removed from one strand of the DNA double helix (ligation yield, approximately equal to 50%). It was established that the tetranucleotide was located specifically at the Pst I site and that the presence of O6MeGua rendered the ligation product resistant to cleavage by Pst I. Sensitivity of the genome to Pst I was restored upon treatment with purified Escherichia coli O6MeGua DNA-methyltransferase, a repair protein that removes the methyl group from DNA-bound O6MeGua. This result, in combination with other data, showed unambiguously that O6MeGua was incorporated with high yield into the Pst I recognition sequence.
Uncertainty Of Multiple Determination Of Optical Constants And Layer Thicknesses Of Thin Films Case Of TiO 2 /Ag/TiO 2 Coating On Glass (1989)

Multiply determined thicknesses of constituent layers and optical constants of Ag layer in Tio<sub>2</sub>/Ag/TiO<sub>2</sub> coatings on glass are compared using regions of uncertainties for evaluated parameters. The measurements were done using spectroscopic ellipsometry and spectrophotometry. The regions of uncertainty for each evaluated parameter were obtained using a separately determined accuracy of measurements. It is shown that the actual structure of the coating is more complex than a three or five layer model.
Recent Advances in Fiber Optic Distributed Sensing Systems (2005)

The development of the technology of distributed optical fiber sensors is reviewed, with particular emphasis on those sensors which have found implementation into usable devices. Applications and field trials are also discussed.
Abstract 1762: A novel antibody drug conjugate linker enabling production of ADCs with high drug to antibody ratios and fast payload release for improved efficacy (2022)

Abstract Antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) represent an attractive approach to bring very cytotoxic drugs into tumors while avoiding systemic toxicities. Currently, most commercially available ADCs come with toxicities associated with the nonspecific release of the payload in the circulation. We have developed a novel drug multi-linker technology that enables the generation of stable and potent ADCs. It is selectively recognized and cleaved by the carboxydipeptidase activity of Cathepsin B that has been shown to be overexpressed in cancer cells. The technology allows for a fast and specific cleavage, which results in efficient drug release in the tumor. Different payloads can be attached to antibodies, and the drug to antibody ratio (DAR) can be modulated up to DAR16, resulting in customed cytotoxic activity. Here we characterize the properties of the multi-linker using different payloads, different DARs, and trastuzumab as the targeting antibody. Trastuzumab based multi-linker ADCs were generated and tested in vitro and in vivo. The linker-payload kinetic release and the cytotoxicity of these ADCs were assessed in vitro. Pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic properties of selected multi-linker ADCs were then investigated in relevant in vivo models and compared to trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) and trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-Dxd). Trastuzumab based multi-linker ADCs were shown to efficiently target Her2 expressing cells. In vitro, increasing the DAR had a positive effect on cytotoxicity. In a breast cancer model expressing low levels of Her2, a trastuzumab based multi-linker ADC with mertansine (DM1) at DAR8 showed superior activity, including complete tumor regressions, as compared to T-DM1 and T-Dxd and was well tolerated. In addition, the trastuzumab based multi-linker ADCs showed total antibody PK profiles comparable to T-DM1 and good stability in plasma. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that this novel linker technology can be used to produce stable and high DAR ADCs with improved efficacy. Citation Format: Noemie Luong, Nathalie Bellocq, Leo Marx, Mathilde Pantin, Benjamin Tchumi, Marie-Claude Roubaudi-Fraschini, Camille Riff, Manfred Mutter, Antoine Attinger. A novel antibody drug conjugate linker enabling production of ADCs with high drug to antibody ratios and fast payload release for improved efficacy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 1762.
Controlling the Electrochemically Active Area of Carbon Fiber Microelectrodes by the Electrodeposition and Selective Removal of an Insulating Photoresist (2006)

A new and simple method permits control of the electrochemically active area of a carbon fiber microelectrode. An electrophoretic photoresist insulates the 10-microm-diameter carbon fiber microelectrodes. Photolysis of the photoresist followed by immersion of the exposed area into a developing solution reveals electroactive carbon fiber surface. The electroactive surface area exposed can be controlled with a good degree of reproducibility.