gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Single-Position Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion in Prone: Single-Centric Case-Series (2023)

Abstract Background The main difference between prone and lateral surgery is that the patient's position is changed from lateral decubitus to prone, which may work around the three principal difficulties of the standard lateral approach. The prone transpsoas (PTP) technique enables single-position surgery with more familiar patient positioning, which improves lumbar lordosis and lengthens the psoas muscle, pushing it posteriorly. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the clinical and surgical outcomes of the prone transpsoas procedure. Methods This was a retrospective case series in which patients with up to two levels of lateral lumbar interbody fusion in the prone decubitus position for degenerative diseases were included. The outcomes of interest were classified as surgical or clinical. According to the variable distribution, Kruskal-Wallis or one-way ANOVA was used to assess variance across all groups, and the t-test or Wilcoxon test was used to examine intragroup variances. The statistical significance level was set at p &lt; 0.05. Results Thirty-nine patients participated in the trial. The average operating time was 166 min (± 79 min) and the average blood loss was 182 mL (± 151 mL). The median length of hospital stay was one day, with an interquartile range of 1.25 days. All clinical outcomes significantly improved at 1–3, 6–12, and 24–36 months compared to baseline. There was one intraoperative (2,5%) and two postoperative complications (5,1%). Conclusion According to the authors’ case experience, PTP is a safe, practical, and reproducible procedure capable of treating a wide spectrum of degenerative disorders. Level of Evidence: III
Toward Precision Medicine of Symptom Control in Asthma (2017)

Peripheral Artery Disease in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary DiseaseChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a highly prevalent chronic pulmonary disease defined by persistent airflow limitation, but is frequently associated with extrapulmonary manifestations and comorbidities.Because of common risk factors such as smoking and aging, COPD often coexists with cardiovascular diseases that have an important impact on prognosis.Atherosclerosis is the main driver in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases and can occur in various arterial vascular beds.In smokers, a strong association has been demonstrated between COPD and coronary artery disease, causing ischemic heart disease (encompassing angina pectoris and myocardial
Recursive blind minimax estimation: improving mse over recursive least squares (2008)

We consider the problem of on-line (or recursive) parameter estimation in which, at each moment, an unknown deterministic parameter vector must be re-estimated from measurements corrupted by additive noise. We present efficient algorithms for calculating two variants of the blind minimax estimator, which is a biased estimator proven to outperform least squares in terms of mean squared error. These operate in the same setting as the recursive least squares (RLS) method and utilize it. Both algorithms have a computational complexity in par with RLS. We discuss the advantages and shortcomings of the presented methods and demonstrate through simulations situations in which they produce substantial gain over RLS.
Design of fiber-reinforced soft bending pneumatic artificial muscles for wearable tremor suppression devices (2020)

Abstract Soft robotics is a rapidly evolving field offering novel solutions in the development of wearable technologies. Soft pneumatic artificial muscles in particular, have seen widespread use in the development of human scale rehabilitative and assistive wearables. However, these soft actuators have not yet been adapted to address the complex dynamic regime of active (essential tremor) and resting (Parkinson’s disease) hand tremor, the most common movement disorder affecting humans. Current solutions to address hand tremor involve expensive medication and surgical interventions, as well as wearable assistive devices that fall short of providing an effective compact design for the suppression of hand tremor. This study focuses on the design of a novel lightweight, compact, bending actuator that will be capable of actively suppressing hand tremor when adapted into an assistive wearable device. The proposed fiber-reinforced bending pneumatic artificial muscle (BPAM), including its design specifications, fabrication process, theoretical modeling, and experimental characterization, are detailed. The developed actuator was capable of producing sinusoidal trajectories with peak-to-peak amplitudes of 40° and a bandwidth of 8 Hz, the dynamic regime of pathological hand tremor. The ability of the fiber-reinforced BPAM to act within the dynamic regime of hand tremor demonstrates its potential to be further developed into a system capable of the active suppression of hand tremor.
Al-based thermal oxides in vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (1997)

The microstructure of wet oxidized layers for vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELS) was studied by transmission electron microscopy. These oxides were formed by reaction of Al<SUB>x</SUB>Ga<SUB>1-x</SUB>As(x approximately equals 0 - 0.2) with water vapor at elevated temperatures (approximately 400 - 450 degrees Celsius). Due to the excellent carrier confinement provided by the oxidized layer, VCSELS have very low threshold currents and high efficiencies. This study revealed the accumulation of excess As at the interfaces with the oxidized layers and occasionally at the sample surface. To avoid this As accumulation on the sample surface, GaInP layers were grown on top of AlGaAs/GaAs layers. In this case no As was found at the layer surface. In addition, substantial shrinkage was found after oxidation, and the formation of large pores at the interface between the oxide and the high Al content layer, which might be detrimental for the device performance. The dependence of the oxide and interface quality on the composition of the oxidized layers, oxidation time and temperature are discussed in relation to the optical quality of VCSELs.
1,3,4‐Trisubstituted Pyrrolidine CCR5 Receptor Antagonists. Part 3. Polar Functionality and Its Effect on anti‐HIV‐1 Activity. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The WHBA project: experiences deeply embedding NetBSD (2003)

Permission is granted for noncommercial reproduction of the work for educational or research purposes.
SONHICA (Simple optimized non-HIerarchical Cluster Analysis): A new tool for analysis of molecular conformations (1997)

We describe a new clustering program, SONHICA (Simple Optimized Non-HIerarchical Cluster Analysis), developed to analyze large data sets of molecular conformations. Unlike traditional clustering methods, SONHICA does not make use of an overall index, like a distance, to evaluate similarity between objects. Each descriptor variable is compared individually on the basis of a preset threshold value. This assures high control and sensitivity over the input variables. In addition, periodic and nonperiodic descriptors, such as dihedral angles and interatomic distances, can easily be used together. SONHICA generates clusters with the highest possible density and all pairs of objects within a cluster are similar. These features make SONHICA particularly suitable for the analysis of data sets which tend to form globular clusters. This method was applied to the analysis of a modified linear tetrapeptide, ITF1697, under investigation for its anti-ischemic properties, and a cyclic pentapeptide, BQ123, a potent antagonist of endothelin A. On the basis of the results presented here, SONHICA appears to be an interesting new tool in the field of the clustering methods applied to the analysis of molecular conformations. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 18: 1295–1311, 1997
Plasma MR‐proADM Correlates to BMI and Decreases in Relation to Leptin After Gastric Bypass Surgery (2009)

Adrenomedullin (ADM) is a vasoactive peptide found to be related to obesity and its comorbidities: type 2 diabetes, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and coronary heart disease. ADM is increased both in plasma and in adipose tissue of obese individuals when compared to lean subjects and is considered as a member of the adipokine family. We determined plasma midregional proadrenomedullin (MR-proADM) concentrations in a cohort of 357 subjects with BMI ranging from 17.5 to 42.3 kg/m2 and no additional medical history. In parallel, 28 severely obese patients scheduled to undergo laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery were studied at two time points: before and 1 year after surgery. Outcome measurements were: MR-proADM, cortisol, leptin, C-reactive protein (CRP) thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), creatinine and metabolic parameters. BMI correlated significantly to plasma MR-proADM levels (r=0.714, P<0.001), also after adjustment for age and gender (r=0.767, P<0.001). In obese subjects, there was a positive relationship between MR-proADM and leptin (r=0.511, P=0.006). Following RYGB, plasma MR-proADM decreased from 0.76+/-0.03 to 0.62+/-0.02 pg/ml (P<0.0001). RYGB-induced changes in MR-proADM correlated significantly to changes in leptin (r=0.533, P=0.004) and in CRP (r=0.429, P=0.023). We conclude that BMI is an independent predictor of circulating MR-proADM levels. Weight loss after RYGB is associated with a significant decrease in plasma MR-proADM, which is related to surgery-induced changes in both circulating leptin and systemic inflammation.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Loss of NAPRT1 Expression by Tumor-Specific Promoter Methylation Provides a Novel Predictive Biomarker for NAMPT Inhibitors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file 122K, A) Chemical structure of GNE-617, B) cellular NAD and ATP levels in H522 cells after exposure to 4nM GNE-617, C) correlation of NAPRT1 mRNA and protein (n=32, spearman r= 0.88, p,0.0001)&lt;/p&gt;
(S)-3,3-Diphenyl-1-[trimethylsilylmethyl]tetrahydro-1H,3H-pyrrolo[1,2-c][1,3,2]oxazaborole (2003)

[174004-13-8] C21H28BNOSi (MW 349.35) InChI = 1S/C21H28BNOSi/c1-25(2,3)17-22-23-16-10-15-20(23)21(24-22,18-11-6-4-7-12-18)19-13-8-5-9-14-19/h4-9,11-14,20H,10,15-17H2,1-3H3/t20-/m0/s1 InChIKey = OBWYSZFYGYDSLB-FQEVSTJZSA-N (enantioselective carbonyl reduction1) Solubility: soluble in most organic solvents but the reactions are typically carried out in CH2Cl2. Form Supplied in: colorless oil, not commercially available. Analysis of Reagent Purity: NMR (1H, 13C,11B). Preparative Methods: the reagent is easily prepared from trimethylsilylmethylboronic acid2, 3 and (S)-(−)-α,α-diphenyl-2-pyrrolidinemethanol.3, 4 The other enantiomer is also readily available from (R)-( + )-α,α-diphenyl-2-pyrrolidinemethanol. Purification: not easily purified since the reagent hydrolyzes slowly in the presence of moisture and slowly oxidizes in the presence of oxygen. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: the reagent is stable when stored under an inert atmosphere. The catalyst is usually stored as a 0.2 M solution in toluene but the toluene is usually removed before the reaction solvent is added.
Zirconium Hydrocarbyl Chemisorption on Sulfated Metal Oxides:  New Supports, Chemisorption Pathways, and Implications for Catalysis (2004)

The sulfated metal oxides (SMOs) sulfated stannia (SnS), sulfated iron oxide (FeS), and sulfated titanium dioxide (TiS) have been synthesized and examined as support materials/cocatalysts/activators for molecule-based olefin polymerization and hydrogenation catalysis. (13)C CPMAS NMR spectroscopic analysis of Cp(2)Zr((13)CH(3))(2)/SMO chemisorption shows that cationic zirconocenium species are formed along with varying amounts of catalytically inactive micro-oxo (Cp(2)Zr(CH(3))O-surface) species, depending on the support material. Ethylene polymerization data with the supported catalysts show that polymerization activity is dependent on both precursor ligation [Zr(CH(2)Ph)(4) > (Me(5)Cp)ZrMe(3)] and the nature of the support (SnS > FeS > TiS). Poisoning studies were performed in conjunction with ethylene polymerization, mediated by (Me(5)Cp)ZrMe(3) supported on each SMO, and reveal that, for (Me(5)Cp)ZrMe(3)/SnS, 61 +/- 5% of the Zr sites are catalytically significant, while, for (Me(5)Cp)ZrMe(3)/FeS, this quantity is 22 +/- 2%, and for (Me(5)Cp)ZrMe(3)/TiS, 63 +/- 9%. These catalysts are also active for benzene hydrogenation and are separable from liquid-phase products using physical or, in the case of FeS, magnetic techniques.
Toshiba's Flow Attribute Notification Protocol (FANP) Specification (1997)

This memo discusses Flow Attribute Notification Protocol (FANP), which is a protocol between neighbor nodes for the management of cut-through packet forwarding functionalities. In cut-through packet forwarding, a router doesn't have to perform conventional IP packet processing for received packets. FANP indicates mapping information between a datalink connection and a packet flow to the neighbor node and helps a pair of nodes manage the mapping information. By using FANP, routers (e.g., CSR; Cell Switch Router) can forward incoming packets based on their datalink-level connection identifiers, bypassing usual IP packet processing. The design policy of the FANP is;
Front‐of‐Screen Display Components and Technologies (2012)

Front‐of‐screen (FOS) display components are key to optimizing optical performance in displays as well as user experiences.
The Potential of In Vivo Imaging for Optimization of Molecular and Cellular Anti-cancer Immunotherapies (2018)

This review aims to emphasize the potential of in vivo imaging to optimize current and upcoming anti-cancer immunotherapies: spanning from preclinical to clinical applications. Immunotherapies are an emerging class of treatments for a variety of diseases. The agents include molecular and cellular therapeutics, which aim to treat the disease through re-education of the host immune system, often via complex mechanisms of action. In vivo imaging has the potential to contribute in several different ways: (1) as a drug development tool to improve our understanding of their complex mechanisms of action, (2) as a tool to predict efficacy, for example, to stratify patients into probable responders and likely non-responders, and (3) as a non-invasive treatment response biomarker to guide efficient immunotherapy use and to recognize early signs of potential loss of efficacy or resistance in patients. Areas where in vivo imaging is already successfully implemented in onco-immunology research will be discussed and domains where its use offers great potential will be highlighted. The focus of this article is on anti-cancer immunotherapy as it currently is the most advanced immunotherapy area. However, the described concepts can also be paralleled in other immune-mediated disorders and for conditions requiring immunotherapeutic intervention. Importantly, we introduce a new study group within the European Society of Molecular Imaging with the goal to facilitate and enhance immunotherapy development through the use of in vivo imaging.
The EAL-domain protein FcsR regulates flagella, chemotaxis and type III secretion system in Pseudomonas aeruginosa by a phosphodiesterase independent mechanism (2017)

The second messenger c-di-GMP regulates the switch between motile and sessile bacterial lifestyles. A general feature of c-di-GMP metabolism is the presence of a surprisingly large number of genes coding for diguanylate cyclases and phosphodiesterases, the enzymes responsible for its synthesis and degradation respectively. However, the physiological relevance of this apparent redundancy is not clear, emphasizing the need for investigating the functions of each of these enzymes. Here we focused on the phosphodiesterase PA2133 from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an important opportunistic pathogen. We phenotypically characterized P. aeruginosa strain K overexpressing PA2133 or its inactive mutant. We showed that biofilm formation and motility are severely impaired by overexpression of PA2133. Our quantitative proteomic approach applied to the membrane and exoprotein fractions revealed that proteins involved in three processes were mostly affected: flagellar motility, type III secretion system and chemotaxis. While inhibition of biofilm formation can be ascribed to the phosphodiesterase activity of PA2133, down-regulation of flagellar, chemotaxis, and type III secretion system proteins is independent of this enzymatic activity. Based on these unexpected effects of PA2133, we propose to rename this gene product FcsR, for Flagellar, chemotaxis and type III secretion system Regulator.
Radiological pitfalls with laryngopharyngeal injectables (2012)

The aim of this report was to describe the computed tomography features of injected carboxymethylcellulose and how it can be mistaken for tumor recurrence. Carboxymethylcellulose is a low-density injectable indicated for short-term vocal fold augmentation. When used in patients with head and neck cancer, differentiating this agent from a neoplastic recurrence can be difficult on imaging. The imaging findings of five patients who received carboxymethylcellulose augmentation are presented to illustrate a potential pitfall of image interpretation. When injectable carboxymethylcellulose is used in cancer patients, knowledge of the injection sites, material used, and procedural history can avoid misinterpretation of monitory imaging.
An Image-Filtering LSI Processor Architecture for Face/Object Recognition Using a Sorted Projection-Field Model Based on a Merged/Mixed Analog-Digital Architecture (2006)

Real-time object detection or recognition technology becomes more important for various intelligent vision systems. Processing models for object detection or recognition from natural images should tolerate pattern deformations and pattern position shifts. The hierarchical convolutional neural networks are considered as a promising model for robust object detection/recognition. This model requires huge computational power for a large number of multiply-and-accumulation operations. In order to apply this model to robot vision or various intelligent real-time vision systems, its LSI implementation is essential. This paper proposes a new algorithm for reducing multiply-and-accumulation operation by sorting neuron outputs by magnitude. We also propose an LSI architecture based on this algorithm. As a proof of concept for our LSI architecture, we have designed, fabricated and tested two test LSIs: a sorting LSI and an image-filtering LSI. The sorting LSI is designed based on the content addressable memory (CAM) circuit technology. The image-filtering LSI is designed for parallel processing by analog circuit array based on the merged/mixed analog-digital approach. We have verified the validity of our LSI architecture by measuring the LSIs.
Activation of CXCR7 Limits Atherosclerosis and Improves Hyperlipidemia by Increasing Cholesterol Uptake in Adipose Tissue (2013)

CXCR7 regulates blood cholesterol by promoting its uptake in adipose tissue. This unexpected cholesterol-lowering effect of CXCR7 is beneficial for atherosclerotic vascular diseases, presumably via amelioration of hyperlipidemia-induced monocytosis, and can be augmented with a synthetic CXCR7 ligand.
Proteome remodeling in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis PknG knockout: molecular evidence for the role of this kinase in cell envelope biogenesis and hypoxia response (2021)

ABSTRACT Mycobacterium tuberculosis , the etiological agent of tuberculosis, is among the deadliest human pathogens. One of M. tuberculosis ’s pathogenic hallmarks is its ability to persist in a dormant state in the host for long periods, reinitiating the infectious cycle when favorable environmental conditions are found. Thus, it is not surprising that this pathogen has developed different mechanisms to withstand the stressful conditions found in the host. In particular, the Ser/Thr protein kinase PknG has gained special relevance since it regulates nitrogen metabolism and facilitates bacterial survival inside macrophages. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects are far from being elucidated. To further investigate these issues, we performed quantitative proteomics analyses of protein extracts from M. tuberculosis H37Rv and a mutant derivative lacking pknG . Our results showed that in the absence of PknG the mycobacterial proteome was remodeled since 5.7% of the proteins encoded by M. tuberculosis presented significant changes in its relative abundance when compared to the wild-type strain. The main biological processes affected by pknG deletion were the biosynthesis of cell envelope components and the response to hypoxic conditions. As many as 13 DosR-regulated proteins were underrepresented in the pknG deletion mutant, including the distinctive Hrp-1, which was found to be 12-fold decreased according to Parallel Reaction Monitoring experiments. Altogether, the results presented here allow us to postulate that PknG regulation of bacterial adaptation to stress conditions might be an important mechanism underlying its reported effect on intracellular bacterial survival.
Wireless sensor and control network based on open-source hardware and software (2015)

Growers in arid regions of the world such as California are under increasing pressure to optimize water-use and reduce fertilizer loss. Wireless sensor and control networks can help growers manage their operations. A new system has been developed to reduce cost and improve flexibility for customization. It is based on an open-source hardware and software platform and uses modular parts to provide flexibility and reduced cost compared to other solutions. The system has been tested with early adopters and is being deployed in four California specialty crops for continued testing. A newly developed company plans to commercialize the system to promote more rapid adoption of precision agriculture among specialty crop farmers.
SCLC-CellMiner: A Resource for Small Cell Lung Cancer Cell Line Genomics and Pharmacology Based on Genomic Signatures (2020)

CellMiner-SCLC (https://discover.nci.nih.gov/SclcCellMinerCDB/) integrates drug sensitivity and genomic data, including high-resolution methylome and transcriptome from 118 patient-derived small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cell lines, providing a resource for research into this "recalcitrant cancer." We demonstrate the reproducibility and stability of data from multiple sources and validate the SCLC consensus nomenclature on the basis of expression of master transcription factors NEUROD1, ASCL1, POU2F3, and YAP1. Our analyses reveal transcription networks linking SCLC subtypes with MYC and its paralogs and the NOTCH and HIPPO pathways. SCLC subsets express specific surface markers, providing potential opportunities for antibody-based targeted therapies. YAP1-driven SCLCs are notable for differential expression of the NOTCH pathway, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and antigen-presenting machinery (APM) genes and sensitivity to mTOR and AKT inhibitors. These analyses provide insights into SCLC biology and a framework for future investigations into subtype-specific SCLC vulnerabilities.
Terminal complement pathway activation and low lysis inhibitors in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fluid. (1995)

SF terminal pathway activation in RA combined with low local levels of lysis inhibitors might allow lytic or sublytic attacks on local cells, resulting in inflammation and cell damage.
A two-dimensional analysis for the coupling of magnetic gears (1997)

A formula is presented for computing the coupling between magnetic gears. This formula, which is based on two-dimensional analytical analysis, is expressed as a finite sum of elementary functions and is well suited for parametric analysis. It is demonstrated via application to a practical device and verified using finite element analysis (FEA).