gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immunocytochemical demonstration of progesterone and estrogen receptors in feathers and skin of adult hens. (1993)

Clinical evidence indicates that ovarian steroids are involved in the control of moulting in the chicken. This immunocytochemical study investigates if feather papillae and growing feathers are target tissues for ovarian steroids. Progesterone (PR) and estrogen (ER) receptors were demonstrated using monoclonal antibodies in feathers and surrounding skin of laying hens. Both receptor types were present in the nuclei of dermal papillae and in the nuclei of the epidermal germinative layer cells of growing and full-grown feathers. In growing feathers most nuclei of the intermediate layer (ramogenic column, rachis, axial plate) were immunostained, but during the final stages of differentiation into barbules, only estrogen receptors remained prominent. Skin adjacent to feathers showed ER and PR receptors in nuclei of cells from epidermis, muscles and arteries. During egg-laying pause, plasma progesterone levels decrease ten-fold and it is supposed that this results in a much greater endocrine efficiency of the remaining estrogen levels which are only reduced by 50% when egg-laying stops. The moult-inhibiting effect of progesterone in laying hens could be due to its well-established downregulation on estrogen receptors and therefore, on the endocrine effect of ER at cellular level in feather papillae. Such may account for the presence of both receptor types on the same feather cells, as observed in the present study.
State-of-the-Art Methods for Evaluation of Angiogenesis and Tissue Vascularization (2015)

V ascular dysfunction is causally contributing to many dis- eases, including but not limited to cardiovascular disease, which is still the leading cause of death in the Western world. The endothelium that lines the inner wall of the blood vessels plays a critical role in the pathobiology of these illnesses. Particularly after ischemia or injury, the growth of new blood vessels, driven by endothelial expansion, is essential to maintain oxygen supply to the ischemic or injured tissue. Recent studies additionally suggest that the endothelium acts as a paracrine source for signals that determine tissue regeneration versus fibrosis after injury. Excessive vascularization, however, might also be unwanted, as in the case of cancer, neovascular eye diseases including diabetic retinopathy, atheroma growth, or the expansion of vasa vasorum, which leads to adverse vessel wall remodeling.
A Q-Learning solution for adaptive video streaming (2013)

Adaptive streaming is a promising technique for video streaming service to cope with the quality degradation of mobile users' connections. In this paper we propose a service layer control mechanism for video flows based on a Reinforcement Learning (RL) paradigm that will gracefully degrade the video quality experienced by the end-user depending on the connection status. Using layered coded videos, the end-user should find the most appropriate quality level for its stream. The adaptive streaming problem can naturally be modeled as a Partial Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP) because the end-user has partial information about the network state based on the received throughput, but this model cannot be applied on-line during streaming. We propose here an MDP modeling the adaptive streaming problem that can be solved on-line by the Q-Learning algorithm. Both models have identical solutions proving the validity of the proposed MDP model.
Prediction of Interlayer Strength in Material Extrusion Additive Manufacturing - supplementary data (2019)

This is the supplementary data for 'Prediction of Interlayer Strength in Material Extrusion Additive Manufacturing' by Tim Coogan and Dave Kazmer. The first tab of data provides the mechanical data for all parts, including the side of the box the part was cut from, the height of break along the narrow section of the gauge length, the extension at break, modulus, peak load, and strength for all specimens. The second tab includes the measured interlayer contact, predicted interlayer contact, in-line pressure, in-line contact pressure, and in-line temperatures measured for every layer of all conditions in this study.
Influence of Oxidant Gas of Atomic Layer Deposition on Electrical Characteristics of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> films (2018)

We have investigated characteristics of Al2O3 thin films, which are deposited by plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PE-ALD) and thermal ALD (TH-ALD) with oxygen plasma and H2O as oxidant gas, respectively, and Al(CH3)3 precursor. The Al2O3 film, which was deposited at 50℃, exhibited a large leakage current property. The positive (~1018 cm－3) and negative fixed charges (~1012 cm－2) occurred in Al2O3 film and at SiO2/Al2O3 interface by PE-ALD process at below 150℃, respectively. On the other hand, the opposite fixed charges were observed by TH-ALD process. This is due to the different reactive intermediates of Al-C-O and Al-O-Al-CH groups in Al2O3 film by PE-ALD and TH-ALD processes, respectively. The fixed charge in Al2O3 film disappeared over 200℃. The dipole (~1013 cm－2) also occurs at SiO2/Al2O3 interface and leads to positive flatband shift of 0.6 V. Therefore, we should pay careful attention to ALD condition such as oxidant gas and growth temperature considering to applications.
Polycyclic aryl- and heteroarylpiperazinyl imides as 5-HT1A receptor ligands and potential anxiolytic agents: synthesis and structure-activity relationship studies (1988)

A series of polycyclic aryl- and heteroarylpiperazinyl imides were prepared and tested in various receptor-binding and behavioral tests. Parameters measured included in vitro inhibition of D2 and 5-HT1A receptor binding, inhibition of apomorphine (APO) induced stereotyped and climbing behavior, and activity in blocking conditioned avoidance responding (CAR). Several compounds demonstrated moderate to high affinity for the 5-HT1A receptor binding site; compounds 27 and 36 containing the serotonin mimetic (o-methoxyphenyl)piperazinyl moiety and compounds 42 and 50 containing the 2-pyrimidinylpiperazinyl moiety displayed the highest affinity, being equal to that of the 5-HT1A agonist 8-OH-DPAT (Ki = 1-1.3 nM). In addition to affinity at 5-HT1A binding sites, many compounds were active in blocking CAR. Compound 34, 2-[4-[4-(2-pyrimidinyl)-1-piperazinyl]butyl]hexahydro-4,7-etheno-1H- cyclobut[f]isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione, demonstrated 3 times the activity of buspirone, blocking CAR in rats with an AB50 of 13 mg/kg. It also displayed high affinity for the 5-HT1A receptor (Ki = 16 nM), which is at least 20 times higher than its affinity for D2 (Ki = 345 nM) and 5-HT2 (Ki = 458 nM) receptors. Compound 34 was selected for further preclinical and pharmacokinetic evaluations for possible development as an anxiolytic agent. Structure-activity relationships within this series are discussed.
Monitoring of D–T accelerator neutron output in a PGNAA system using silicon carbide detectors (2001)

Silicon carbide (SiC) detectors are being employed to monitor the neutron output of the D–T accelerator in a pulsed Prompt Gamma Neutron Activation Analysis (PGNAA) system. Detection of the source neutrons relies on energetic neutron reactions in the detector material. Experimental testing has been performed to confirm that the detector response is caused by fast neutrons from the accelerator source. Modeling calculations have also been carried out to provide additional verification. Use of the SiC detectors in the PGNAA system is expected to assist in evaluating system performance as well as ensuring accurate data interpretation and analysis.
Splice-variant changes of the CaV3.2 T-type calcium channel mediate voltage-dependent facilitation and associate with cardiac hypertrophy and development (2010)

Low voltage-activated T-type calcium (Ca) channels contribute to the normal development of the heart and are also implicated in pathophysiological states such as cardiac hypertrophy. Functionally distinct T-type Ca channel isoforms can be generated by alternative splicing from each of three different T-type genes (Ca(V)3.1, Ca(V)3.2,Ca(V)3.3), although it remains to be described whether specific splice variants are associated with developmental states and pathological conditions. We aimed to identify and functionally characterize Ca(V)3.2 T-type Ca channel alternatively spliced variants from newborn animals and to compare with adult normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). DNA sequence analysis of full-length Ca(V)3.2 cDNA generated from newborn heart tissue identified ten major regions of alternative splicing, the more common variants of which were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and also subject to functional examination by whole-cell patch clamp. The main findings are that: (1) cardiac Ca(V)3.2 T-type Ca channels are subject to considerable alternative splicing, (2) there is preferential expression of Ca(V)3.2(-25) splice variant channels in newborn rat heart with a developmental shift in adult heart that results in approximately equal levels of expression of both (+25) and (-25) exon variants, (3) in the adult stage of hypertensive rats there is a both an increase in overall Ca(V)3.2 expression and a shift towards expression of Ca(V)3.2(+25) containing channels as the predominant form, and (4) alternative splicing confers a variant-specific voltage-dependent facilitation of Ca(V)3.2 channels. We conclude that Ca(V)3.2 alternative splicing generates significant T-type Ca channel structural and functional diversity with potential implications relevant to cardiac developmental and pathophysiological states.
Linear and branched perfluoropolyether coatings on diamond-like carbon films: covalent linkage and physical deposition (2010)

ABSTRACT: The progresses in the magnetic media technology\nbrought to the application of liquid lubricant films on\ndiamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings. Hard surfaces are\ntypically lubricated with fluorinated or perfluorinated organic\ncompounds, such as perfluoropolyethers (PFPE) (1). Many\nattempts have been done to obtain a stable layer of PFPE\nlubricant on the DLC surface by dip-coating or by vapour\ndeposition so as to minimize any friction and wear (2, 3).\nDiamond-like carbons are formed by an amorphous mixture\nof sp3 and sp2 hybridized carbon atoms with hydrogen atoms\nincorporated in the structure (a-C:H DLC). We have established\na specific methodology for the straight-forward introduction\nof perfluorinated groups with carbon-carbon bond formation\non a variety of unsaturated materials (4-8). Indeed, by using\nthis methodology, perfluorinated radicals can directly bond\nto the sp2 sites of the DLC structure avoiding any spacer, that\nusually decreases both thermal and chemical stabilities of the\nresulting fluorinated layers (9, 10).
Interrelationships of chloride, bicarbonate, sodium, and hydrogen transport in the human ileum (1970)

gradients, (b) the ileum can secrete as well as absorb, (c) ileal contents are alkalinized during absorption of or during secretion into a plasma-like solution, and (d) the ileum acidifies its contents when sulfate replaces chloride.
Hybrid key exchange in TLS 1.3 (2020)

Hybrid key exchange refers to using multiple key exchange algorithms
simultaneously and combining the result with the goal of providing
security even if all but one of the component algorithms is broken. It
is motivated by transition to post-quantum cryptography. This document
provides a construction for hybrid key exchange in the Transport Layer
Security (TLS) protocol version 1.3. Discussion of this work is
encouraged to happen on the TLS IETF mailing list tls@ietf.org or on
the GitHub repository which contains the draft:
https://github.com/dstebila/draft-stebila-tls-hybrid- design.
Track detector based dosimetry for therapeutic carbon beams (2013)

The ability of plastic and fluorescent nuclear track detectors (PNTDs and FNTDs) to measure fluence and the linear energy transfer (LET) of clinical carbon ion beams was investigated. We employed coincident measurements with both systems and registered the results at the level of single tracks. Irradiations were performed in the entrance channel of the monoenergetic carbon ion beam covering the therapeutically useful energy range from 80 to 425 MeV/u. About 99 % of all primary particle tracks detected by both detectors were successfully matched, while 1 % of the particles were only detected by the FNTDs because of their superior spatial resolution. We conclude that both PNTDs and FNTDs are suitable for clinical carbon beam dosimetry with a detection efficiency of at least 98.82 % and 99.83 % respectively, if irradiations are performed with low fluence in the entrance channel of the ion beam. Additionally, a relationship between the mean LET as determined with PNTDs and the mean fluorescence amplitude of the particle tracks on the FNTD has been investigated. The coefficient of variation of measured parameters representing the LET in both detectors was found to be around 9 %. Since FNTDs cover the entire range of ion types and energies found in therapeutic ion beams, we believe that they are promising candidates to extend track-based dosimetry and ion beam characterization to clinical doses and therapeutic depth.
Concatenated Block Codes for Unequal Error Protection of Embedded Bit Streams (2011)

A state-of-the-art progressive source encoder is combined with a concatenated block coding mechanism to produce a robust source transmission system for embedded bit streams. The proposed scheme efficiently trades off the available total bit budget between information bits and parity bits through efficient information block size adjustment, concatenated block coding, and random block interleavers. The objective is to create embedded codewords such that, for a particular information block, the necessary protection is obtained via multiple channel encodings, contrary to the conventional methods that use a single code rate per information block. This way, a more flexible protection scheme is obtained. The information block size and concatenated coding rates are judiciously chosen to maximize system performance, subject to a total bit budget. The set of codes is usually created by puncturing a low-rate mother code so that a single encoder-decoder pair is used. The proposed scheme is shown to effectively enlarge this code set by providing more protection levels than is possible using the code rate set directly. At the expense of complexity, average system performance is shown to be significantly better than that of several known comparison systems, particularly at higher channel bit error rates.
Trans‐diaryl epoxides: Asymmetric synthesis, ring‐opening, and absolute configuration (2004)

Anthryl-phenyl, phenanthryl-phenyl, and naphthyl-phenyl trans-epoxides (1, 2, and 3, respectively) having enantiomeric purities of 95%, 99%, and 96% were synthesized from a diastereo and enantiopure sulfonium salt derived from Eliel's oxathiane. The determination of their (1R,2R) absolute configurations was achieved by application of the CD exciton chirality method using a Zn-porphyrin tweezer on the corresponding alcohols obtained after opening of these epoxides with LiAlH(4). The R-configuration at C2 of these epoxides, (-)-1, (+)-2, and (-)-3, is consistent with our previous results concerning asymmetric synthesis of monoaryl epoxides, cyclopropanes, and aziridines. The (1S,2R)-configuration of the cis isomer (when present) was also confirmed. Moreover, the agreement between the negative exciton chirality for conjugates of (S)-configuration predicted by molecular modeling and the observed CD spectra helps to clarify the relative steric size of phenyl and CH(2)-aryl (phenanthryl or anthryl), which is critical when the tweezer method is applied for absolute configurational assignment (phenyl = medium group; anthacenyl CH(2) and phenanthryl CH(2) = large group).
Hydration on Surface of Artificial Calcium Aluminate Aggregates and Its Characteristics (2016)

Hydration mechanism of calcium aluminate aggregate was examined. In order to confirm the hydration property of calcium aluminate aggregate, hydrate in the paste specimen which was mixed grinded calcium aluminate aggregate, Ca(OH)2 and water was confirmed by XRD. And also hydrate in the paste which was added CaCl2 to above paste was confirmed. The hydrates in the mortar with calcium aluminate aggregate were confirmed by XRD and TG-DTA, and these hydrates were observed by SEM image. In addition, the hydrates were confirmed by EDS and same examinations were carried out for the mortar with natural sand for comparison. Author confirmed that grinded calcium aluminate powder reacts with Ca(OH)2 which is provided as a cement hydrate and it generates hydrocalumite. Furthermore, there was a property to change to Friedel’s salt when a chloride ion acted. When the calcium aluminate is used for mortar as fine aggregate, a hydration was occurred at the aggregate surface and it was confirmed to generate hydrocalumite and hydrogarnet in the aggregate surface section. As a result, the possibility that a transition zone of mortar was modified by using the calcium aluminate aggregate was suggested. In the mortar which after salt water immersion, chloride ion penetration depth of mortar with calcium aluminate aggregate was smaller than ordinary mortar. And the hydrate formed layer was confirmed at the fine aggregate surface and its Ca/Al or Cl/Al molar ratio was similar to Friedel’s salt. And hydrates which Ca/Al molar ratio is 1.5 to 2.0 were also confirmed on the surface of calcium aluminate aggregate.
Investigating methods for determining mismatch in near side vehicle impacts - biomed 2009. (2009)

This study investigates vehicle mismatch in severe side-impact motor vehicle collisions. Research conducted by the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety has determined that vehicle mismatch often leads to very severe injuries for occupants in the struck vehicle, because the larger striking vehicle does not engage the lower sill upon impact, resulting in severe intrusions into the occupant compartment. Previous studies have analyzed mismatched collisions according to vehicle type, not by the difference in vehicle height and weight. It is hypothesized that the combination of a heavier striking vehicle at a taller height results in more intrusion for the struck vehicle and severe injury for the near side occupant. By analyzing Crash Injury Research and Engineering Network (CIREN) data and occupant injury severity, it is possible to study intrusion and injuries that occur due to vehicle mismatch. CIREN enrolls seriously injured occupants involved in motor vehicle crashes (MVC) across the United States. From the Toyota-Wake Forest University CIREN center, 23 near side impact cases involving two vehicles were recorded. Only 3 of these seriously injured occupant cases were not considered mismatched according to vehicle curb weight, and only 2 were not considered vehicle mismatched according to height differences. The mismatched CIREN cases had an average difference in vehicle curb weight of 737.0 kg (standard deviation of 646.8) and an average difference in vehicle height of 16.38 cm (standard deviation of 7.186). There were 13 occupants with rib fractures, 12 occupants with pelvic fractures, 9 occupants with pulmonary contusion, and 5 occupants with head injuries, among other multiple injuries. The average Injury Severity Score (ISS) for these occupants was 27, with a standard deviation of 16. The most serious injuries resulted in an Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) of 5, which included 3 occupants. Each of these AIS 5 injuries were to different body regions on different occupants. By analyzing the vehicle information and occupant injuries, it was found that the vehicle mismatch problem involves differences in vehicle weights and heights and also results in severe injuries to multiple body regions for the near side occupant involved. There was a low correlation of vehicle height difference to occupant ISS.
Characterization of the Translocation-competent Complex between the Helicobacter pylori Oncogenic Protein CagA and the Accessory Protein CagF (2013)

CagA is a virulence factor that Helicobacter pylori inject into gastric epithelial cells through a type IV secretion system where it can cause gastric adenocarcinoma. Translocation is dependent on the presence of secretion signals found in both the N- and C-terminal domains of CagA and an interaction with the accessory protein CagF. However, the molecular basis of this essential protein-protein interaction is not fully understood. Herein we report, using isothermal titration calorimetry, that CagA forms a 1:1 complex with a monomer of CagF with nM affinity. Peptide arrays and isothermal titration calorimetry both show that CagF binds to all five domains of CagA, each with μM affinity. More specifically, a coiled coil domain and a C-terminal helix within CagF contacts domains II-III and domain IV of CagA, respectively. In vivo complementation assays of H. pylori with a double mutant, L36A/I39A, in the coiled coil region of CagF showed a severe weakening of the CagA-CagF interaction to such an extent that it was nearly undetectable. However, it had no apparent effect on CagA translocation. Deletion of the C-terminal helix of CagF also weakened the interaction with CagA but likewise had no effect on translocation. These results indicate that the CagA-CagF interface is distributed broadly across the molecular surfaces of these two proteins to provide maximal protection of the highly labile effector protein CagA.
Interleukin 1 alpha administration is neuroprotective and neuro-restorative following experimental ischemic stroke (2019)

Taken together, our present study suggests for the first time that IL-1α could, unexpectedly, be an effective ischemic stroke therapy with a broad therapeutic window.
Measurements of the charge asymmetry in top-quark pair production in the dilepton final state ats=8  TeVwith the ATLAS detector (2016)

Measurements of the top-antitop quark pair production charge asymmetry in the dilepton channel, characterized by two high-p T leptons (electrons or muons), are presented using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb -1 from pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy ffiffi ffi s p 8 TeV collected with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. Inclusive and differential measurements as a function of the invariant mass, transverse momentum, and longitudinal boost of the t t system are performed both in the full phase space and in a fiducial phase space closely matching the detector acceptance. Two observables are studied: A ll C based on the selected leptons and A tt C based on the reconstructed t t final state. The inclusive asymmetries are measured in the full phase space to be A ll C 0.008 AE 0.006 and A tt C 0.021 AE 0.016, which are in agreement with the Standard Model predictions of A ll C 0.