gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bacillus anthracisprotease InhA regulates BslA‐mediated adhesion in human endothelial cells (2012)

To achieve widespread dissemination in the host, Bacillus anthracis cells regulate their attachment to host endothelium during infection. Previous studies identified BslA (Bacillus anthracis S-layer Protein A), a virulence factor of B. anthracis, as necessary and sufficient for adhesion of vegetative cells to human endothelial cells. While some factors have been identified, bacteria-specific contributions to BslA mediated adhesion remain unclear. Using the attenuated vaccine Sterne 7702 strain of B. anthracis, we tested the hypothesis that InhA (immune inhibitor A), a B. anthracis protease, regulates BslA levels affecting the bacteria's ability to bind to endothelium. To test this, a combination of inhA mutant and complementation analysis in adhesion and invasion assays, Western blot and InhA inhibitor assays were employed. Results show InhA downregulates BslA activity reducing B. anthracis adhesion and invasion in human brain endothelial cells. BslA protein levels in ΔinhA bacteria were significantly higher than wild-type and complemented strains showing InhA levels and BslA expression are inversely related. BslA was sensitive to purified InhA degradation in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Taken together these data support the role of InhA regulation of BslA-mediated vegetative cell adhesion and invasion.
Solar Chemistry of Metal Complexes (1981)

Electronic excited states of certain transition metal complexes undergo oxidation-reduction reactions that store chemical energy. Such reactions have been extensively explored for mononuclear complexes. Two classes of polynuclear species exhibit similar properties, and these complexes are now being studied as possible homogeneous sensitizer-catalysts for hydrogen production from aqueous solutions.
Research data supporting 'Probing the Mechanochemistry of Metal−Organic Frameworks with Low-Frequency Vibrational Spectroscopy' (2021)

Terahertz time-domain spectra shown in this publication. See the readme.txt file for more information about this dataset.
Field trial of granularity-flexible reconfigurable OADM with wavelength-packet-selective switch using concurrent generation technique of optical code label and payload data (2005)

We demonstrate the first field trial of a granularity-flexible ROADM (reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexing) network with a wavelength-packet-selective switch using concurrent generation technique of address-reconfigurable optical code label and payload. Error-free operations for all 16-wavelength channels are obtained over 90-km transmission.
Optimising the design of phased array feeds for survey speed (2019)

The scientific capability of an astronomical phased array feed receiver can be quantified by combining the bandwidth, sensitivity, and field of view into the overall survey speed of the instrument. The authors investigate the relationships between survey speed and reflector geometry, array layout, element spacing and element configuration using numerical simulations, to determine the values of these parameters that lead to optimal system performance. They characterise the array element spacing that leads to maximum survey speed as a function of the reflector f/D . To further improve survey speed in relation to the overall number of array elements, the authors explore the possibility of using elements with modest levels of superdirectivity to sample more of the focal plane Airy pattern and increase optimal spacing for survey speed figure of merit. The results explain how optimal survey speed is controlled primarily by the influence of element type and array layout on the peak achievable aperture efficiency.
TRIM5α mediates the postentry block to N-tropic murine leukemia viruses in human cells (2004)

Murine leukemia viruses (MLVs) have been classified as N-tropic (N-MLV) or B-tropic (B-MLV), depending on their ability to infect particular mouse strains. The early phase of N-MLV infection is blocked in the cells of several mammalian species, including humans. This block is mediated by a dominant host factor that targets the viral capsid soon after virus entry into the cell has been achieved. A similar block to HIV-1 in rhesus monkey cells is mediated by TRIM5alpha. Here we show that human TRIM5alpha is both necessary and sufficient for the restriction of N-MLV in human cells. Rhesus monkey TRIM5alpha, which potently blocks HIV-1 infection, exhibited only modest inhibition of N-MLV infection. B-MLV was resistant to the antiviral effects of both human and rhesus monkey TRIM5alpha; susceptibility to TRIM5alpha-mediated restriction was conferred by alteration of residue 110 of the B-MLV capsid protein to the amino acid found in the N-MLV capsid. Our results demonstrate that species-specific variation in TRIM5alpha governs its ability to block infection by diverse retroviruses.
Evaluating the Non-Intrusive Room Acoustics Algorithm with the ACE\n Challenge (2015)

We present a single channel data driven method for non-intrusive estimation\nof full-band reverberation time and full-band direct-to-reverberant ratio. The\nmethod extracts a number of features from reverberant speech and builds a model\nusing a recurrent neural network to estimate the reverberant acoustic\nparameters. We explore three configurations by including different data and\nalso by combining the recurrent neural network estimates using a support vector\nmachine. Our best method to estimate DRR provides a Root Mean Square Deviation\n(RMSD) of 3.84 dB and a RMSD of 43.19 % for T60 estimation.\n
The revolving door for AI and pathologists—docendo discimus? (2019)

Dietz and Pantanowitz (1) present a well-explained and informative viewpoint on the history, theory, and science behind, as well as, current and potential future uses and challenges of, artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), for pathology. They emphasize the importance of development of a “killer suite” of AI applications whose use is evidence-based, that will accelerate acceptance and integration of digital pathology (DP) into diagnostic practice. This is an invited reflection on their editorial content with reference to findings from other groups.
Anisotropy and magneto-optical properties of sputtered Co/Ni multilayer thin films (1994)

Several series of sputtered Co/Ni multilayer thin films have been investigated. The volume and interface contributions to the magnetic anisotropy were determined from magnetization measurements, and the interface anisotropy, K/sub i/=0.23/spl plusmn/0.03 erg/cm/sup 2/, was found to support perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. The anisotropy constant, K, increased with the Au buffer layer thickness, indicating the buffer layer was crucial to the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. The polar Kerr rotation and coercivity as function of temperature, and room temperature magneto-optical figure of merit are presented in this paper.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Mersenne Factorization Factory (2014)

We present work in progress to completely factor seventeen Mersenne numbers using a variant of the special number field sieve where sieving on the algebraic side is shared among the numbers. It is expected that it reduces the overall factoring effort by more than 50%. As far as we know this is the first practical application of Coppersmith’s “factorization factory” idea. Most factorizations used a new double-product approach that led to additional savings in the matrix step.
Optimised 2D multi-resolution method of moment for printed antenna array modelling (2001)

Modelling is presented of microstrip antenna arrays with an optimised 2D multi-resolution method of moment (MRMoM). A Chui-Haar 2D multi-resolution basis is used for the expansion of surface currents, and a pseudo-Galerkin scheme is introduced to speed up the algorithm. It is shown that, for large structures, the MRMoM generates sparse linear systems, which allows a significant reduction of CPU time and memory storage. The optimisation of a physical a priori criterion is presented. With this criterion, it is possible to predict which elements of the generalised impedance matrix can be neglected: thus for the first time the MoM matrix filling time is really reduced. The fast wavelet transform is also exploited for the computation of the non-negligible matrix elements. Theoretical results involving microstrip antenna arrays are presented and compared with experiments.
IC‐P‐018: 18F‐AV‐133 VMAT2 imaging in the differential diagnosis of dementia with Lewy Bodies from Alzheimer's disease (2010)

Positron emission tomography (PET) provides a non-invasive means to evaluate the functional integrity of the presynaptic monoaminergic system in the living human brain. The novel 18F-labeled tetrabenazine derivative, [18F]AV-133, was used for the noninvasive assessment of the vesicular monoamine transporters type 2 (VMAT2) in 10 patients with dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB, aged 68 ± 8 yrs), 7 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD, aged 68 ± 7 yrs), 20 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD, aged 67 ± 9 yrs), and 10 healthy age matched control subjects (HC, aged 70 ± 14 yrs). Standard uptake value ratios (SUVR) at 90-110 min post injection were calculated using the primary visual cortex as the reference region. VMAT2 SUVR were significantly decreased by 61% and 44% in the posterior putamen, 53% and 38% in the anterior putamen, and 37% and 30% in the caudate nucleus of PD and DLB patients, respectively. While VMAT2 reductions in DLB patients were less pronounced than in PD, the difference was not significant. In contrast to PD and DLB, no significant reductions in VMAT2 were observed in AD patients. Significant reductions in VMAT2 were observed in DLB when compared to AD in the anterior (2.17 ± 0.3 vs. 3.63 ± 0.4, P = 0.02, effect size = 4.1) and posterior putamen (1.87 ± 0.3 vs. 3.50 ± 0.4, P = 0.005, effect size = 4.6). Studies with the novel 18F-labeled ligand, [18F]AV-133, allow identification of individuals with disorders characterized by degeneration of dopaminergic nigrostriatal afferents. These findings indicate that [18F]AV-133 can sensitively detect monoaminergic terminal reductions in PD and DLB patients and assist in the differentiation from Alzheimer's disease.
A zero-crossing digital phase-locked loop architecture with hyperbolic nonlinearity for high Doppler environments (2014)

This paper presents a new Zero-Crossing Digital Phase-Locked Loop (ZC-DPLL) for frequency synchronization and tracking. The proposed hyperbolic Σ-Δ based ZC-DPLL has an improved time jitter by a factor of 6.4 and an extended lock-in range by a factor of sinh(π)/π. These significant improvements were achieved by introducing a hyperbolic nonlinearity and a modified Σ-Δ blocks to the original ZC-DPLL architecture. These intentionally added system blocks adapt the loop filter and hence result in extending the loop locking range and improving its time jitter. The proposed hyperbolic ZC-DPLL performs well in wireless communication systems with high Doppler shift that may cause the system to lose lock. The extensive simulation results of the new architecture under various conditions show the robustness of the new architecture in terms of lock-in range, acquisition time, and jitter.
Cardiorenal Syndromes: An Executive Summary from the Consensus Conference of the Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative (ADQI) (2010)

The cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is a disorder of the heart and kidneys whereby acute or chronic dysfunction in one organ may induce acute or chronic dysfunction of the other. The general definition has been expanded into five subtypes reflecting the primacy of organ dysfunction and the time-frame of the syndrome: CRS type 1 = acute worsening of heart function leading to kidney injury and/or dysfunction; CRS type 2 = chronic abnormalities in heart function leading to kidney injury or dysfunction; CRS type 3 = acute worsening of kidney function leading to heart injury and/or dysfunction; CRS type 4 = chronic kidney disease leading to heart injury, disease and/or dysfunction, and CRS type 5 = systemic conditions leading to simultaneous injury and/or dysfunction of heart and kidney. Different pathophysiological mechanisms are involved in the combined dysfunction of heart and kidney in these five types of the syndrome.
Heading South (1987)

Penang was the oldest of the British colonial bases in Malaya. The island had been ceded to the English East India Company by the Sultan of Kedah in 1786, with a formal treaty dated 1791. The treaty was a controversial one but this did not prevent Penang from becoming an important commercial centre, lying on the monsoon route between India and China and well-placed for a share in the coastal trade in the Malacca Straits. The chief port and town was George Town in the north-east of the island, but it became common practice later to use the name Penang equally for this town or in relation to the island as a whole. By a further treaty, dated 1800, the East India Company acquired Province Wellesley, a strip of mainland territory opposite the island and valued both for strategic reasons and as a rice-growing area for an expanding population.
Passive Cavitation Mapping by Cavitation Source Localization From Aperture-Domain Signals—Part II: Phantom and In Vivo Experiments (2020)

Passive cavitation mapping (PCM) techniques typically utilize a time-exposure acoustic (TEA) approach, where the received radio frequency data are beamformed, squared, and integrated over time. Such PCM-TEA cavitation maps typically suffer from long-tail artifacts and poor axial resolution with pulse-echo diagnostic arrays. Here, we utilize a recently developed PCM technique based on cavitation source localization (CSL), which fits a hyperbolic function to the received cavitation wavefront. A filtering method based on the root-mean-square error (rmse) of the hyperbolic fit is utilized to filter out spurious signals. We apply a wavefront correction technique to the signals with poor fit quality to recover additional cavitation signals and improve cavitation localization. Validation of the PCM-CSL technique with rmse filtering and wavefront correction was conducted in experiments with a tissue-mimicking flow phantom and an in vivo mouse model of cancer. It is shown that the quality of the hyperbolic fit, necessary for the PCM-CSL, requires an rmse < 0.05 mm<sup>2</sup> in order to accurately localize the cavitation sources. A detailed study of the wavefront correction technique was carried out, and it was shown that, when applied to experiments with high noise and interference from multiple cavitating microbubbles, it was capable of effectively correcting noisy wavefronts without introducing spurious cavitation sources, thereby improving the quality of the PCM-CSL images. In phantom experiments, the PCM-CSL was capable of precisely localizing sources on the therapy beam axis and off-axis sources. In vivo cavitation experiments showed that PMC-CSL showed a significant improvement over PCM-TEA and yielded acceptable localization of cavitation signals in mice.
Ethylene polymerization by bis(salicylaldiminate)nickel(II)/aluminoxane catalysts (2004)

Abstract The homopolymerization of ethylene by using different catalytic systems based on dinitro‐substituted bis(salicylaldiminate)nickel(II) precursors such as bis[3,5‐dinitro‐ N (2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)]nickel(II) and bis[3,5‐dinitro‐ N (phenyl)]nickel(II) in combination with organoaluminum compounds was investigated. In particular, the catalytic performances were studied as a function of the main reaction parameters, such as temperature, pressure, Al/Ni molar ratio, and duration. Methylaluminoxane resulted in the best co‐catalyst. Activities up to 200 kg polyethylene/(mol Ni × h) to give a linear high‐molecular‐weight polymer were achieved. The influence of the bulkiness of the substituents on the N ‐aryl group of the aldimine ligand was also checked; it resulted in a determinant for catalytic activity rather than for polymer characteristics. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 2534–2542, 2004
An Improved Catalyst for the Asymmetric Arylation of Ketone Enolates (2002)

A new catalyst system for the enantioselective alpha-arylation of ketones is reported. This catalyst, prepared from Pd(2)(dba)(3) and a bulky dialkylphosphino-binaphthyl ligand, is able to effect the asymmetric arylation of ketone enolates with aryl bromides utilizing NaO(t)()Bu as base. These new catalysts enjoy much higher reactivity than previous systems; arylation reactions could be effected at room temperature with only 2 mol % of the Pd catalyst. The coupling of alpha-alkyl-alpha'-protected cyclopentanones proceeded in high yield, and the resulting quaternary stereogenic center was installed in up to 94% ee.
Repression of proinflammatory cytokine and inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) gene expression in activated microglia by N-acetyl-O-methyldopamine: Protein kinase a-dependent mechanism (2001)

Excessive proinflammatory cytokine and NO production by activated microglia play a role in neurodegenerative disorders. To investigate whether the neuroprotectant N-acetyl-O-methyldopamine (NAMDA) downregulates genes associated with microglial activation, we measured gene expression of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2), and an associated cofactor synthesis gene, GTP cyclohydrolase I (GTPCH) in LPS-stimulated microglia cells in the presence or absence of NAMDA. The temporal pattern of cytokine gene expression showed that LPS (0.2 microg/ml) increased TNF-alpha and IL-1beta gene expression at 1 and 3 h, which was repressed by cotreatment of NAMDA. Similarly, LPS also induced GTPCH and NOS2 gene expression at 3 and 6 h, and cotreatment of NAMDA repressed the induction with parallel reduction of nitrite, an oxidative metabolite of nitric oxide. Since transcription factor NF-kappaB is involved in regulating expression of these genes, the effects of NAMDA on NF-kappaB nuclear translocation and DNA binding in immunostimulated microglia were investigated. We found that neither LPS-induced NF-kappaB translocation nor DNA binding activity was affected by cotreatment with NAMDA in BV-2 microglia. On the other hand, NAMDA increased intracellular cAMP levels and potentiated LPS-induced phosphorylated cAMP-responsive element binding protein (pCREB) expression. Treatment with adenosine 3'5'-cyclic monophosphothioate, a specific inhibitor of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), reversed not only NAMDA-induced pCREB upregulation but also NAMDA-induced repression of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta gene transcription. The data demonstrate that NAMDA represses LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokines gene expression via a cAMP-dependent protein kinase pathway. Thus, repressing proinflammatory cytokines and NOS2 gene expression in activated microglia by NAMDA may provide new therapeutic strategies for ischemic cerebral disease as well as other neurodegenerative diseases.
A new physical insight and 3D device modeling of STI type denmos device failure under ESD conditions (2009)

We present experimental and simulation studies of STI type DeNMOS devices under ESD conditions. The impact of base-push-out, power dissipation because of space charge build-up and, regenerative NPN action, on the various phases of filamentation and the final thermal runaway is discussed. A modification of the device layout is proposed to achieve an improvement (~2X) in failure threshold (I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T2</sub> ).
Primary epithelioid sarcoma of the hand and forearm. A review of thirteen cases. (1974)

Of eighty-five primary soft-tissue and sixteen primary bone sarcomas involving the hand and forearm, thirteen were epithelioid sarcomas, making this lesion third in frequency after fibrosarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma in the whole series and first in frequency in the hand. In all thirteen patients the initial diagnosis was misleading; and recurrence, metastasis, or both occurred in all but the one patient who had primary forearm amputation. Primary en bloc excision and midforearm amputation are recommended if the lesion recurs.
Time-Domain Measurement of the Frequency-Dependent Delay of Broadband Antennas (2008)

We present a new time-domain technique for direct measurement of the frequency-dependent delay of broadband antenna structures. By utilizing a series of fixed-bandwidth, variable center frequency waveforms synthesized in a photonics-based electromagnetic pulse shaper, we perform high time resolution (~54 ps over ~10 ns) measurements of several broadband antenna structures. Our results show excellent agreement with the delay extracted via time-domain impulse response measurements, however, compared to conventional impulse response measurements, our method ensures a higher signal-to-noise ratio because it relies on several relatively narrowband measurements as opposed to a single broadband measurement. In addition, the delay uncertainty in our technique (~54 ps) is significantly below that of impulse response measurements (~300 ps) where numerical differentiation of noisy data leads to substantial errors. Our technique is well suited as a diagnostic tool for future variable-frequency fixed-bandwidth systems.
Simple and rapid synthesis of α-Fe2O3 nanowires under ambient conditions (2009)

We propose a simple method for the efficient and rapid synthesis of one-dimensional hematite (α-Fe2O3) nanostructures based on electrical resistive heating of iron wire under ambient conditions. Typically, 1–5 μm long α-Fe2O3 nanowires were synthesized on a time scale of seconds at temperatures of around 700 ° ⊂. The morphology, structure, and mechanism of formation of the nanowires were studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopies, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Raman techniques. A nanowire growth mechanism based on diffusion of iron ions to the surface through grain boundaries and to the growing wire tip through stacking fault defects and due to surface diffusion is proposed.
Determination of the minority carrier diffusion length in compositionally graded Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells using electron beam induced current (2010)

A method is proposed and tested which allows for the accurate determination of the carrier collection efficiency and minority carrier diffusion length in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells using energy dependent electron beam induced current. Gallium composition gradients across the film thickness introduce quasielectric fields that are found to improve collection efficiency when they are located toward the rear of the sample. The quasielectric fields are also shown to reduce the influence of back surface recombination. The strengths and limitations of this technique are discussed and compared with external quantum efficiency measurements.