gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A practical model to analytically characterize the polarization hysteresis of ferroelectric capacitors (2012)

A simulation based comparative study of the polarization hysteresis of the ferroelectric capacitor using various ferroelectric models is presented. A 2-dimensional finite element device-level model was implemented using SILVACO's ATLAS device simulator to generate the polarization hysteresis characteristics for Au/Poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene)/Au metal-insulator-metal (MIM) device. Landau free energy expression for electric field in terms of polarization is also implemented in the MATLAB to produce the polarization hysteresis curve of polycrystalline ferroelectrics. The main drawback of these models was their inability to predict polarization saturation at the same electric field limits for which the experimental device was saturating. A new model for ferroelectric hysteresis based on curve fitting algorithm is derived that forces the polarization to be saturated at desired electric field. The MATLAB simulation of this model and the experimental hysteresis is compared which shows an excellent level of agreement.
Regularized iterative integration combined with non-linear diffusion filtering for phase-contrast x-ray computed tomography (2014)

Phase-contrast x-ray computed tomography has a high potential to become clinically implemented because of its complementarity to conventional absorption-contrast.In this study, we investigate noise-reducing but resolution-preserving analytical reconstruction methods to improve differential phase-contrast imaging. We apply the non-linear Perona-Malik filter on phase-contrast data prior or post filtered backprojected reconstruction. Secondly, the Hilbert kernel is replaced by regularized iterative integration followed by ramp filtered backprojection as used for absorption-contrast imaging. Combining the Perona-Malik filter with this integration algorithm allows to successfully reveal relevant sample features, quantitatively confirmed by significantly increased structural similarity indices and contrast-to-noise ratios. With this concept, phase-contrast imaging can be performed at considerably lower dose.
Pendant group effects on the optical and electrical properties of carbazole-diketopyrrolopyrrole copolymers (2013)

Two kinds of novel carbazole and diketopyrrolopyrrole based conjugated copolymers, poly[N-9′-heptadecanyl-2,7-carbazole-alt-5,5-(3,6-dithien-2-yl-2,5-bis(2-ethylhexyl)pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione)] (P1) and poly[N-9′-(3,5-bis(octyloxy)phenyl)-2,7-carbazole-alt-5,5-(3,6-dithien-2-yl-2,5-bis(2-ethylhexyl)pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione)] (P2), were synthesized via a Suzuki cross coupling reaction. The optical and electrical properties of these polymers, in which the pendent groups on the carbazole moiety were modified, were investigated. Aryl substituted P2 shows a narrower band gap (1.61 eV), higher hole mobility (4.4 × 10−3 cm2 V−1 s−1) and more planar backbone structure than alkyl substituted P1. The modification of side groups significantly affected their surface morphologies. The device performance of solar cells based on these polymers and a fullerene acceptor was characterized.
ChemInform Abstract: ADDITIONS OF GROUP 6A AND 7A ELECTROPHILIC REAGENTS TO DIMETHYL ENDO,ENDO‐BICYCLO(2.2.2)OCT‐5‐ENE‐2,3‐DICARBOXYLATE: COMPETITIVE FORMATION OF Γ‐ AND Δ‐LACTONES (1980)

Abstract (V).
Mechanical activation of mitochondrial energy metabolism during cell differentiation (2022)

Abstract In multicellular lives, differentiation of many types of stem and progenitor cells is often accompanied by a metabolic transition from glycolysis to mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. The mechanisms driving this metabolic transition in vivo are largely unknown. Here, we show that, during differentiation of the Drosophila female germline cyst, the surrounding somatic cells compress the cyst and increase the tension of cyst cells’ membranes. Transmembrane channel-like, an evolutionarily conserved ion channel involved in mechanosensation, maintains cytosolic Ca 2+ levels in compressed differentiating cysts. Cytosolic Ca 2+ induces transcriptional activation of oxidative phosphorylation through a CaMKI-Fray-JNK signaling relay. Our findings demonstrate a molecular link between cell mechanics and mitochondrial energy metabolism, with implications in other developmentally orchestrated metabolic transitions in mammals. One-Sentence Summary Mechanical forces from the surrounding tissue activate mitochondrial energy metabolism in differentiating cells in vivo.
The semantics of a mathematically oriented computer language (1969)

This paper discusses the process of attaching a meaning to an initially strictly formal syntactic structure. Six levels of semantics are defined, each deeper level providing an enrichment of meaning. A formalism is developed which allows the exact description of the semantics of mathematical operators, expressions and statements, including array arithmetic. The purpose of declarations in a programming language is discussed, the notion of 'the correctness of a program' is analyzed, and conclusions are drawn for the construction of an interactive system.
A study of acid diffusion in chemically amplified deep ultraviolet resist (1996)

Postexposure bake (PEB) dependence of photogenerated acid diffusion was investigated in a chemically amplified deep ultraviolet positive resist. The resist consisted of a tert-butoxycarbonyl protected polystyrene as base resin and 2,4-dimethylbenzenesulfonic acid derivative as photoacid generator. The diffusion length of photoacid increased with increasing PEB temperature or its time. Moreover, the activation energy of acid diffusion reaction within the resist film became smaller, with increased exposure dose. It is considered that hydrophilic OH sites of the base resin generated by the deprotection of hydrophobic protecting groups has a role as one of the diffusion paths in the polymer matrix. Furthermore, it was found that the diffusion coefficient under high PEB conditions was affected by the acid reduction. Based on the analysis of diffusion characteristics, clear correlation between acid diffusion in the resist film and PEB conditions was obtained. These results are useful for improving both resolution capability and pattern profiles.
Suppression of Gonadotropins and Estradiol in Premenopausal Women by Oral Administration of the Nonpeptide Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Antagonist Elagolix (2009)

Peptide gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonists are widely used to suppress the reproductive endocrine axis in women with endometriosis, fibroids, and other nonmalignant reproductive hormone-dependent disease states. Unlike treatment of sex-steroid-dependent tumors, management of endometriosis and fibroids does not require complete gonadal suppression; reduction of estrogen to low levels is sufficient. This phase I, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, sequential dose escalation study evaluated the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and effect of single dose and 7-day doses of elagolix, a novel, orally available nonpeptide GnRH antagonist on gonadotropins and estrogen in healthy premenopausal women. The study subjects were 55 healthy, regularly cycling women ranging between 18 and 39 years. Of these, 30 participated in and completed the single-dose escalation phase of this study (the first study arm) and 25 participated in and 24 completed the multiple dose-escalation phase of this study (the second study arm). Cohorts in the first study arm received a single dose of elagolix (25, 50, 100, 200, or 400 mg) or placebo. Of the 25 women in the second study arm, 18 were given once-daily doses of elagolix (50, 100, or 200 mg) or placebo for 7 days, and 7 received 100 mg or placebo twice daily for 7 days. Initial administration was at 7 ± 1 days after onset of menses. Serum concentrations of LH, FSH, and estradiol were determined by validated methods. Elagolix was well tolerated during both the single-dose and multiple-dose escalation for 7 days. No clinically significant adverse events occurred in any of the cohorts. Oral bioavailability was rapid and serum levels of the gonadotropins declined quickly. Circulating LH was suppressed more than FSH. In the first study arm, estradiol was suppressed by 24 hours in all cohorts receiving at least 50 mg/day. In the second study arm, elagolix maintained low estradiol levels (17 ± 3 to 68 ± 46 pg/mL) throughout the 7 day treatment in most cohorts during the late follicular phase. Drug effects were rapidly reversed after discontinuation. These data show that an oral nonpeptide GnRH antagonist, elagolix, can achieve dose-related pituitary and gonadal suppression in premenopausal women and may prove to be useful for management of nonmalignant reproductive hormone-dependent disease states.
Laser micromachined and acid-etched Fabry-Perot cavities in silica fibres (2005)

This paper reports on two techniques for creating Fabry-Perot cavities in conventional single- and multi-mode optical fibres. The authors have reported previously on the design and fabrication of extrinsic fibre Fabry-Perot interferometric multi-functional sensors. Here, the authors report on two novel techniques for creating intrinsic fibre optic sensors based on the Fabry-Perot etalon. The first technique involved the use of hydrofluoric acid to preferentially etch the core of the optical fibre. This technique is simple to carry out and provides a cost-effective means for manufacturing intrinsic fibre Fabry-Perot sensors. In the second technique, a 157 nm excimer laser along with a custom-designed beam delivery system was used to ablate (micro-machine) near-paralleled walled cavities through the diameter of the optical fibre (outer diameter of 125 &#956;m). The paper details the experimental methodology and the associated instrumentation for the two techniques. The acid etched and laser ablated cavities were characterised using a 3-D surface profiler, optical and scanning electron microscopy. The feasibility of using these cavities as intrinsic fibre Fabry-Perot strain sensors is demonstrated. This was achieved by surface-mounting the acid etched cavities on to composite tensile test specimens. The output from the optical fibre devices was compared with surface-mounted electrical resistance strain gauges.
Deep MRI reconstruction with radial subsampling (2022)

In spite of its extensive adaptation in almost every medical diagnostic and examinatorial application, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is still a slow imaging modality which limits its use for dynamic imaging. In recent years, Parallel Imaging (PI) and Compressed Sensing (CS) have been utilised to accelerate the MRI acquisition. In clinical settings, subsampling the k-space measurements during scanning time using Cartesian trajectories, such as rectilinear sampling, is currently the most conventional CS approach applied which however, is prone to producing aliased reconstructions. With the advent of the involvement of Deep Learning (DL) in accelerating the MRI, reconstructing faithful images from subsampled data became increasingly promising. Retrospectively applying a subsampling mask onto the k-space data is a way of simulating the accelerated acquisition of kspace data in real clinical setting. In this paper we compare and provide a review for the effect of applying either rectilinear or radial retrospective subsampling on the quality of the reconstructions outputted by trained deep neural networks. With the same choice of hyper-parameters we train and evaluate two distinct Recurrent Inference Machines (RIMs), one for each type of subsampling. The qualitative and quantitative results of our experiments indicate that the model trained on data with radial subsampling attains higher performance and learns to estimate reconstructions with higher fidelity paving the way for other DL approaches to involve radial subsampling.
The potential role of regenerative medicine in the management of traumatic patients (2014)

Traumatic injury represents the most common cause of death in ages 1 to 44 years and asignificant proportion of patients treated in hospital emergency wards each year. Unfortunately, for patients who survive their injuries, survival is not equal to complete recovery. Many traumatic injuries are difficult to treat with conventional therapy and result in permanent disability. In such situations, regenerative medicine has the potential to play an important role in recovery of function. Regenerative medicine is a field that seeks to maintain or restore function with the development of biological substitutes for diseased or damaged tissues. Several regenerative approaches are currently under investigation, with a few achieving clinical application. For example, engineered skin has gained FDA approval, and more than 20 tissue engineered skin substitutes are now commercially available. Other organ systems with promising animal models and small human series include the central and peripheral nervous systems, the musculoskeletal system, the respiratory and genitourinary tracts, and others. This paper will be a clinically oriented review of the regenerative approaches currently under investigation of special interest to those caring for traumatic patients.
Interpretation of macropore shape transformation in crystalline silicon upon high temperature processing (2010)

A physical interpretation is proposed for the sequence of transformations that macropores embedded in crystalline silicon undergo during high temperature treatments. First, cylindrical pores spheroidize by surface diffusion at constant volume. In the presence of stress and due to perturbation in the spherical symmetry stored elastic energy competes with cavity surface energy transforming large cavities by surface diffusion into an oblate shape with a major radius that continuously expands. At a critical condition close to the Griffith fracture criterion, the cavity collapses catastrophically into an ultrathin uniform slit that splits one or more thin crystalline film off the original substrate. On the other hand, if the stress is not high enough or the major radius of the cavity is not large enough the cavity does not collapse and maintains a rounded shape. Annealing in an ambient gas with a high partial pressure enhances the surface reaction which accelerates cavity growth and wall smoothening. The proposed theory agrees well with experimental observations.
Beneficial effects of the nutritional supplements on the development of diabetic retinopathy (2014)

Nutritional supplementation prevents diabetic retinopathy, and also maintains normal retinal function, mitochondrial homeostasis and inflammatory mediators. Thus, this supplementation could represent an achievable and inexpensive adjunct therapy to also inhibit retinopathy, a slow progressing disease feared most by diabetic patients.
Analysis of Novel Packaging Techniques for High Power Electronics in SiC (2007)

A novel high temperature wire bondless packaging technique is numerically investigated in this paper. Extraction of device effective resistivity with temperature from numerical characteristics of 1.2kV 4H-SiC MOSFETs at a current density of 400A/cm2 have demonstrated a T−2 temperature dependence. Electro-thermal finite element analysis (FEA) of 1.2kV 4H-SiC MOSFETs sandwiched between two etched direct-bonded-copper substrate tiles has been performed. The thermal resistance of the ceramic sandwich package shows a 75% reduction in thermal resistance compared to conventional wire bonded assemblies. Mechanical analysis of the assembly has been used to investigate the residual stresses in the SiC dies at room temperature, which are then alleviated at higher temperatures during device operation. Mismatch of the expansion coefficients of the auxiliary materials in the assembly result in elevated stresses at full load operation, however these are well below the tensile strength of the respective materials and hence do not compromise the mechanical integrity of the package.
Robust velocity tracking control of general types of vehicles with arbitrary traction and braking configurations (2004)

A longitudinal control model for general types of vehicle systems with arbitrary numbers of units is formulated. By introducing the concept of effective angular velocity, the model considers arbitrary configurations of an active set of traction wheels and an active set of braking wheels. It is assumed that inner-loop controllers are already designed for both traction actuators and braking actuators. The local closed-loop dynamics are approximated by linear first order systems with model uncertainty. Due to the discontinuity in the tyre longitudinal slip model, the vehicle longitudinal control model admits two different operating modes: traction mode and braking mode. For each mode, a robust backstepping controller is designed and the robustness is shown by simulation.
Inflammatory neurological disease in patients treated with tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitors (2011)

Our case series and literature review demonstrates an association between TNFAI therapy and inflammatory neurological disease. While a causal relationship is suggested, this remains uncertain. TNFAI-associated neurological syndromes are associated with significant disability and longer follow-up is needed to better determine natural history and evaluate appropriate treatment interventions.
Beyond 100-Gb/s Direct-detection Transmission using an Optical Receiver Co-integrated with a 28-nm CMOS Gain-tunable Fully-differential TIA (2020)

We demonstrate up to 173.22-Gb/s direct-detection transmission using a balanced photodetector wire-bonded to a 28-nm CMOS fully-differential gain-tunable TIA. Both 100-Gb/s PAM4 and capacity-maximized adaptively-loaded DMT are studied for up to 2-km SSMF transmission.
Adaptive learning in two-player Stackelberg games with continuous action sets (2019)

We study a two-player Stackelberg game in which the follower's strategy depends on a parameter vector that is unknown to the leader. An adaptive learning algorithm is designed to simultaneously estimate the unknown parameter and minimize the leader's cost, based on adaptive control techniques and hysteresis switching. The algorithm guarantees that the leader's cost predicted using the parameter estimate becomes indistinguishable from its actual cost in finite time, up to a preselected, arbitrarily small error threshold, and that the first-order necessary condition for optimality holds asymptotically for the predicted cost. If an additional persistent excitation condition holds, then the parameter estimation error can also be bounded by a preselected, arbitrarily small threshold in finite time. The algorithm and convergence results are illustrated via a simple simulation example in the domain of network security.
Regulated internalization of NMDA receptors drives PKD1-mediated suppression of the activity of residual cell-surface NMDA receptors (2015)

These data demonstrate a novel concept that regulated internalization of cell surface NMDARs not only reduces the number of NMDARs on the cell surface but also causes an inhibition of the activity of remaining surface NMDARs through intracellular signaling pathway(s). Furthermore, modulating the activity of remaining surface receptors may be an effective approach for treating receptor internalization-induced changes in neuronal functions of the CNS.
A fast multilevel domain decomposition algorithm for radar imaging (2001)

A novel algorithm for radar imaging is presented. The method comprises two steps. First, a decomposition of the radar data domain into subdomains and computation of pertinent low resolution images. Second, interpolation, phase correction and aggregation of the low resolution images into the final high resolution one. A multilevel algorithm is formulated via a recursive application of the domain decomposition and image aggregation steps. The computational cost of the proposed algorithm is comparable to that of the fast Fourier transform (FFT) based techniques while it appears to be considerably more flexible than the latter.
The Mythical Second Fracture and its Optimal Placement for MaximizingProduction (2007)

Placing a fracture in a formation is obviously well understood in our industry and has been practiced successfully for quite some time. Recently this capability was refined to enable initiation of a fracture into a specific direction through the introduction of super-high-energy jetting. Despite the developments and experience in fracturing technology and know-how, it has still not been possible to know where a far-field fracture goes—we know it will go to the local minimum stress direction—but we do not know what direction that will be. It is most probable that the far-field fracture will go to a less-than-desired area in the formation and result in only an
Role of YopH in the suppression of tyrosine phosphorylation and respiratory burst activity in murine macrophages infected with Yersinia enterocolitica (1995)

Tyrosine phosphorylation is an important component of the signaling pathways responsible for the activation of the macrophage respiratory burst. Because the virulence plasmid of Yersinia enterocolitica encodes a phosphotyrosine phosphatase, YopH, it is possible that the pathogenic strategy of Y. enterocolitica involves the disruption of tyrosine phosphorylation in the macrophage leading to inhibition of respiratory burst activity. We have investigated the effects of Yersinia infection on tyrosine phosphorylation and respiratory burst activity in murine bone marrow-derived macrophages. Infection of macrophages with virulent [Ye(pYV+)] but not avirulent [Ye(pYV-)] strains of Y. enterocolitica was found to suppress both tyrosine phosphorylation and respiratory burst activity in response to zymosan. Mutational inactivation of YopH reversed the suppressive effect of Ye(pYV+) on zymosan-induced tyrosine phosphorylation, indicating that YopH is responsible for the dephosphorylation of macrophage phosphotyrosine-containing proteins observed in macrophages infected with the virulent strain of Y. enterocolitica. In contrast, mutational loss of YopH failed to reverse the inhibitory effect of Ye(pYV+) on the zymosan-triggered respiratory burst. We conclude that the inhibition of the macrophage respiratory burst by Y. enterocolitica involves a plasmid-encoded virulence protein(s) other than, or in addition to, YopH.
ChemInform Abstract: The Chemistry and Stereochemistry of Carpropamid (KTU 3616) (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Clonal Hematopoiesis: A New Step Linking Inflammation to Heart Failure (2020)

Heart failure is a common disease with poor prognosis that is associated with cardiac immune cell infiltration and dysregulated cytokine expression. Recently, the clonal expansion of hematopoietic cells with acquired (i.e., nonheritable) DNA mutations, a process referred to as clonal hematopoiesis, has been reported to be associated with cardiovascular diseases including heart failure. Mechanistic studies have shown that leukocytes that harbor these somatic mutations display altered inflammatory characteristics that worsen the phenotypes associated with heart failure in experimental models. In this review, we summarize recent epidemiological and experimental evidence that support the hypothesis that clonal hematopoiesis-mediated immune cell dysfunction contributes to heart failure and cardiovascular disease in general.