gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract 253: The Tyrosine Kinase ErbB2 Inhibitor Lapatinib and the Anti-ErbB2 Antibody Trastuzumab Depress Cardiac Function Without Inducing Left Ventricular Dilation in Mice (2012)

Background: ErbB2, tyrosine kinase receptor of the EGFR family, overexpressed in about 25% of breast cancers, modulates development and function in the myocardium. Lapatinib (LAP) is a small molecule that inhibits ErbB2-tyrosine kinase domain. The few existing trials report it to be associated with a low risk of LV dysfunction (2%), while the prototypical antibody Trastuzumab (TRAS) increases the frequency of asymptomatic ejection fraction decrease by 3-18%, and the risk of heart failure by 2-4%. Here, we characterize our LAP murine cardiotoxicity model in vivo by echocardiography, comparing it to TRAS and doxorubicin (DOX) cardiotoxicities. Methods: LV end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters (LVEDD and LVESD) were assessed. LV function was measured with fractional shortening (FS) by M-mode echo, and with radial myocardial strain (%) with speckle tracking (ST) in sedated C57BL6 mice (2-4 mo. old) at day 0, and after 2 and 7 days of daily administration of LAP (100mg/kg/day orally), and in control mice. For comparison we used our well-established models with TRAS (2.25 mg/kg/day, ip), and DOX (2.17 mg/kg/day ip) as positive control. Results: FS was already reduced with DOX at 2 days: 52±.2%, p&lt;.001 vs 60±.4% (sham), while LAP and TRAS decreased FS only at 7 days (56±2 and 49±1.5%, respectively, both p&lt;.05 vs 60±.5% for sham). Interestingly, FS reduction with LAP was milder than with TRAS (p=.01). At 7 days, both LAP and TRAS only increased LVESD: 1.23±.07 and 1.49±.07mm, respectively, both p&lt;.05 vs 1.1±.03mm (sham). On the other hand, at 7 days DOX induced LV dilation, with significant enlargement of both LVESD (1.55±.08mm) and LVEDD (3.04±.06mm; sham=2.81±.03mm), both p&lt;.005. Importantly, from a diagnostic point of view, myocardial strain was reduced early at 2 days with LAP and TRAS, predicting cardiotoxicity: 34±7% for LAP, 44±7% for TRAS, both p&lt;.05 vs sham (66±.6%). Conclusions: Differently from DOX, ErbB2 inhibition in mice does not produce LV dilation, but only decreases LV function. In particular, specifically targeting ErbB2-tyrosine kinase domain with LAP confers less cardiotoxicity than TRAS. Myocardial strain identifies LV systolic dysfunction earlier than conventional echo and can be a useful tool to predict ErbB2 inhibitors cardiotoxicity.
A gravity‐independent single‐phase electrode reservoir for capillary electrophoresis applications (2023)

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) holds great promise as an in situ analytical technique for a variety of applications. However, typical instrumentation operates with open reservoirs (e.g., vials) to accommodate reagents and samples, which is problematic for automated instruments designed for space or underwater applications that may be operated in various orientations. Microgravity conditions add an additional challenge due to the unpredictable position of the headspace (air layer above the liquid) in any two-phase reservoir. One potential solution for these applications is to use a headspace-free, flow-through reservoir design that is sealed and connected to the necessary reagents and samples. Here, we demonstrate a flow-through high-voltage (HV) reservoir for CE that is compatible with automated in situ exploration needs, and which can be electrically isolated from its source fluidics (in order to prevent unwanted leakage current). We also demonstrate how the overall system can be rationally designed based on the operational parameters for CE to prevent electrolysis products generated at the electrode from entering the capillary and interfering with the CE separation. A reservoir was demonstrated with a 19 mm long, 1.8 mm inner diameter channel connecting the separation capillary and the HV electrode. Tests of these reservoirs integrated into a CE system show reproducible CE system operation with a variety of background electrolytes at voltages up to 25 kV. Rotation of the reservoirs, and the system, showed that their performance was independent of the direction of the gravity vector.
Evaluating Software's Impact on System and System of Systems Reliability (2010)

Abstract : As will be shown in this paper, there is a fair amount of uncertainty among system engineers about how to determine the impact of software on overall system reliability, and this uncertainty is especially clear when attempting to evaluate the impact of software on a system of systems (SoS) reliability.
Effect of geolocation database update algorithms to the use of TV white spaces (2012)

According to the European Electronic Communications Committee a practical approach for constructing a cognitive radio network operating in TV white spaces is based on geolocation databases. The practical communication rates achievable for the secondary users and the interference caused to the primar
Design challenges for high performance nanotechnology (2006)

Summary form only for tutorial. This tutorial present the key aspects of design challenges and its solutions that are being experienced in VLSI design in the era of nanotechnology. The focus is on design challenges that are experienced in microprocessor designs. It captures the design issues in the areas of high level architectural modeling, design for manufacturability (DFM), layout synthesis, standard cell design, and performance verification. It describes the requirements to meet power, timing, physical dimension and process portability goals with nanotechnology. It also addresses the pre and post silicon verification difficulties that have a direct impact on taking the product to market.
Layer-by-Layer Assembly of UV-Resistant Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Thin Films (2008)

The layer-by-layer assembly technique was used to create electrically conductive films with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT-PSS) and branched polyethylenimine (BPEI). Titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) and carbon black were used to prevent UV-degradation of these PEDOT-PSS thin film assemblies. Film growth and conductivity were studied, while varying composition and examining the effect of UV absorbing particles on the electrical conductivity. All films showed similar initial sheet resistances, but after exposure to 365 nm UV light for 9 days (correlating to approximately 4 years of sunlight), the films containing TiO(2) were up to 250 times more conductive. Additionally, the TiO(2) containing films were 27% more optically transparent than films made with PEDOT in the absence of TiO(2). The addition of colloidal titania allows the useful life of the PEDOT films to be extended without the detrimental effects of decreased transparency. Doping the PEDOT with dimethylsulfoxide produced eight bilayer films that were almost 6 times more conductive. However, the degradation rate for the doped PEDOT films without TiO(2) was 10 times greater than the doped films with TiO(2).
ChemInform Abstract: Enzymatic Approach to the Synthesis of the Pyrrolo(1,4)benzodiazepine Antibiotics. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Optimal feature combination for automated segmentation of prostatic adenocarcinoma from high resolution MRI (2004)

In spite of the high global incidence of prostate cancer, limited computer-aided tools to assist in its detection exist and that too only for ultrasound images. In this work we present a novel feature ensemble scheme for combining different 3D texture features for automated segmentation of prostatic adenocarcinoma from 4T MR images. The first step of our methodology comprises of a feature extraction module to extract 3D statistical, gradient and Gabor texture features at multiple scales and orientations and generate the corresponding Feature Scenes. Every voxel in each of the Feature Scenes is assigned a likelihood of malignancy using a Bayesian inference module. These results are then combined using a novel weighted linear combination scheme; weights being determined by minimization of a cost function. The method was found to be optimal compared to other popular ensemble methods such as Boosting, Majority Rule, Product Rule and Averaging in terms of Sensitivity and Positive Predictive Value (PPV). In fact, our feature ensemble scheme also outperformed an expert radiologist in terms of Sensitivity. An interesting result from the comparison of the different feature ensembles was that Boosting performs poorly on MR data that has been corrected for background in homogeneity.
Synthesis, Structure, and Antibacterial Activity of a Thallium(III)-Containing Polyoxometalate, [Tl2{B-β-SiW8O30(OH)}2]12– (2016)

We have synthesized and structurally characterized the first discrete thallium-containing polyoxometalate, [Tl<sub>2</sub>{B-β-SiW<sub>8</sub>O<sub>30</sub>(OH)}<sub>2</sub>]<sup>12-</sup> (1). Polyanion 1 was characterized in the solid-state and shown to be solution-stable by <sup>203/205</sup>Tl NMR, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and electrochemical studies. The antibacterial activity of 1 was also investigated.
Presence of t(8;21)(q22;q22) in Myeloperoxidase-Positive, Myeloid Surface Antigen–Negative Acute Myeloid Leukemia (1997)

Although acute myeloid leukemias (AMLs) cytochemically negative for myeloperoxidase are now well recognized, myeloid surface antigen-negative AMLs are rare. The morphologic, cytochemical, immunologic, and cytogenetic or molecular features of such cases are described in four adults aged 19 to 60 years. All had AML with maturation (FAB M2) and were myeloperoxidase positive. Immunologic studies showed all to be HLA-DR positive but negative for the CD13, CD14, and CD33 antigens. Two of four were CD34 antigen positive. Cytogenetic studies were performed in three patients, and all demonstrated t(8;21)(q22;q22). In studies using the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction in two patients, including the patient in whom karytypic analysis was not performed, the AML1-ETO fusion product of t(8;21) was identified. These findings suggest an association between the lack of myeloid antigen expression in myeloperoxidase-positive AML and the presence of t(8;21). In addition, the results demonstrate the continued need for cytochemical studies in the evaluation of acute leukemias.
Phase Behavior of Complementary Multiply Hydrogen Bonded End-Functional Polymer Blends (2010)

Blends of diamidonaphthyridine (Napy) end-functional poly(n-butyl acrylate) (PnBA) and ureidopyrimidinone (UPy) end-functional poly(benzyl methacrylate) (PbnMA) were studied as a function of the component molecular weights to compare with prior theoretical predictions.(1) Macroscopic phase separation was observed to be prevented by the reversible association of end-functional polymers to form supramolecular diblock copolymers, resulting in stabilization of the interface between the polymers. At low molecular weights homogeneous microstructures were observed, in contrast to nonfunctional homopolymer blends of the same molecular lengths, which rapidly phase separate over macroscopic length scales. At higher molecular weights, the blend structure was reminiscent of compatibilized homopolymer blends, with the phase-separated domain size rapidly increasing with temperature. To compare with theoretical phase diagrams, the temperature-dependent Flory−Huggins χ parameter was measured, and it was found that PnBA/PbnMA covalent diblock copolymers show unusual lower critical ordering (LCOT) behavior with χ slightly increasing with temperature (χ(T) = 0.036 − 0.56/T).
Continuous Devulcanization by Shear Flow Stage Reaction Control Technology for Rubber Recycling, Part 7. Morphology and Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene/Reclaimed EPDM Rubber Blend. (2000)

Blend of polypropylene and reclaimed EPDM (ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer) rubber was studied as one of the method of recycling of the reclaimed rubber. The reclaimed EPDM rubber was obtained from vulcanized rubber by devulcanization using shear flow stage reactor proposed in our previous paper. The dispersion of the reclaimed rubber in polypropylene resin matrix strongly depended on the degree of residual crosslinking density of the reclaimed rubber. The optimum value of the residual crosslinking density of the reclaimed rubber for fine dispersion was about one tenth of that of the original vulcanized EPDM rubber used. The size of reclaimed rubber particle in polypropylene matrix became sub-micron. The value was as same as that of rubber particle in blend which was made of polypropylene and new raw EPDM rubber. Izod impact strength of the blend increased with decreasing of residual crosslinking density of the reclaimed rubber. Maximum izod impact strength of the blend was about two times of that of polypropylene/raw EPDM rubber blend. It was found that the reclaimed EPDM rubber which has a suitable residual crosslinking density and carbon black as a filler is effective as a impact modifier of polypropylene resin comparing with raw EPDM rubber.
The Role of the Endolymphatic Sac in Inner Ear Immunity (1987)

The present study further assessed the role of the endolymphatic sac (E.S.) in the generation of inner ear immune responses. Guinea pigs underwent unilateral endolymphatic sac obliteration (Rt) and the opposite ears (Lt) served as controls. The animals were then systemically sensitized to KLH and both inner ears were subsequently challenged with KLH. Absence of the E.S. significantly reduced perilymph anti-KLH levels and greatly reduced cellular infiltration within the cochlea as compared to the control ears (Lt). Control studies demonstrated that neither surgical trauma to the semicircular canal nor the chemical effects of silver nitrate caused immunosuppression of the normal inner ear immune response. From these findings, the E.S. appears to be the main site of antigen processing in the inner ear and a site analogous to the gut with respect to absorptive and immunologic functions.
Technology Considerations for Belt Alternator Starter Systems (2004)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Due to the need for improving fuel economy, reducing tailpipe emissions and the trend towards increasing electrical content in automobiles, hybrid drivetrains are being considered by the automotive industry. In the foreseeable future, in order to address the drive towards hybridization, vehicle manufacturers will begin to use a 42 volt-based architecture in conjunction with an integrated starter and generator system. Depending on the desired power level and allowable changes to the vehicle drivetrain, either an Integrated Starter Generator which mounts between the engine and the transmission or a Belt Alternator Starter (BAS) system which mounts on the accessory belt can be used.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper will examine the impact of choosing either a Permanent Magnet (PM) machine or an Induction machine for a BAS application. The impact of the technology on the electric machine design process, power stage implementation, control strategy and overall system design philosophy will be discussed. Test data for both Induction and PM machines will be presented to help underscore the differences.&lt;/div&gt;
Measurement of the $ \Lambda_{\mathrm{b}}^0 $ lifetime in pp collisions at $ \sqrt{s}=7 $ TeV (2013)

A bstract A measurement of the $ \Lambda_{\mathrm{b}}^0 $ lifetime using the decay $ {{{\Lambda_{\mathrm{b}}^0\to J}} \left/ {{\psi \varLambda }} \right.} $ in protonproton collisions at $ \sqrt{s}=7 $ TeV is presented. The data set, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of about 5 fb −1 , was recorded with the CMS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider using triggers that selected dimuon events in the J/ ψ mass region. The $ \Lambda_{\mathrm{b}}^0 $ lifetime is measured to be 1.503 ± 0.052 (stat.) ± 0.031 (syst.) ps.
Clonal composition and persistence of antigen‐specific circulating T follicular helper cells (2022)

T follicular helper (T<sub>FH</sub> ) cells play an essential role in promoting B cell responses and antibody affinity maturation in germinal centers (GC). A subset of memory CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells expressing the chemokine receptor CXCR5 has been described in human blood as phenotypically and clonally related to GC T<sub>FH</sub> cells. However, the antigen specificity and relationship of these circulating T<sub>FH</sub> (cT<sub>FH</sub> ) cells with other memory CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells remain poorly defined. Combining antigenic stimulation and T cell receptor (TCR) Vβ sequencing, we found T cells specific to tetanus toxoid (TT), influenza vaccine (Flu), or Candida albicans (C.alb) in both cT<sub>FH</sub> and non-cT<sub>FH</sub> subsets, although with different frequencies and effector functions. Interestingly, cT<sub>FH</sub> and non-cT<sub>FH</sub> cells specific for C.alb or TT had a largely overlapping TCR Vβ repertoire while the repertoire of Flu-specific cT<sub>FH</sub> and non-cT<sub>FH</sub> cells was distinct. Furthermore, Flu-specific but not C.alb-specific PD-1<sup>+</sup> cT<sub>FH</sub> cells had a "GC T<sub>FH</sub> -like" phenotype, with overexpression of IL21, CXCL13, and BCL6. Longitudinal analysis of serial blood donations showed that Flu-specific cT<sub>FH</sub> and non-cT<sub>FH</sub> cells persisted as stable repertoires for years. Collectively, our study provides insights on the relationship of cT<sub>FH</sub> with non-cT<sub>FH</sub> cells and on the heterogeneity and persistence of antigen-specific human cT<sub>FH</sub> cells.
Effect of bestatin on syngeneic tumors in mice. (1984)

The antitumor effect of bestatin against syngeneic tumors such as colon adenocarcinoma 26 (colon 26) and myeloid leukemia C1498 ( C1498 ) was investigated. Bestatin effectively inhibited the growth of both tumors in vivo. The inhibition observed for colon 26 was the largest when bestatin was administered on days 1 to 5 after transplantation of the tumor. The inhibition of C1498 was the largest when bestatin was administered on days 7 to 11. In contrast to these results, bestatin was not at all inhibitory to either tumor line in vitro. Thus, the effect of bestatin administration on the functions of the spleen cells of mice bearing tumors was examined. Spleen cells taken from mice bearing colon 26 and C1498 did not neutralize the corresponding tumor. However, when bestatin was administered to these mice, spleen cells from the administered mice did neutralize the corresponding tumor. Bestatin enhanced antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and natural killer cell activity of the spleen cells of colon 26-bearing mice. Further, bestatin did not inhibit the growth of colon 26 in BALB/c nu/nu mice. It was concluded that bestatin exhibits its antitumor effect against colon 26 and C1498 indirectly by immunomodulation via spleen cells and possibly via T cells.
Endothelin-like pulmonary vasoconstrictor peptide release by alpha-thrombin. (1989)

The endothelial cells lining the vessel wall can modulate vasomotor tone by releasing vasoactive factors, such as endothelial-derived constricting factors. We observed that alpha-thrombin, but not catalytically inactivated alpha-thrombin, mediated the release of two pulmonary vasoconstrictor peptides into the venous effluent of guinea pig lungs. These peptides elicited a slow-onset, long-lasting pulmonary vasoconstriction similar to the effect of endothelin, an endothelial-derived 21-amino acid vasoconstrictor peptide previously isolated from cells in culture. One of the isolated peptides coelutes with endothelin upon reverse-phase HPLC with an acetonitrile gradient and has a molecular weight comparable to endothelin as determined by gel-permeation HPLC. The other vasoconstrictor peptide elutes earlier than endothelin on reverse-phase HPLC and exhibits a lower molecular weight. The studies show the release of endothelin-like pulmonary vasoconstrictor peptides in the intact lung by alpha-thrombin, a central regulatory enzyme in hemostasis.
Control of threshold voltage in low-voltage organic complementary inverter circuits with floating gate structures (2011)

We have demonstrated threshold-voltage control of p- and n-channel organic transistors with a floating-gate structure and self-assembled monolayer-based gate dielectrics and applied this technique to tune the switching voltage of organic complementary inverters. The threshold voltages of the p- and n-channel transistors are changed independently and systematically across a wide range from +2.4 to –1 V and from –0.3 to +1.5 V, respectively, when the program voltages of –6 V and +6 V are applied to the p- and n-channel transistors, respectively. Furthermore, we fabricated tunable organic complementary inverters, and ring oscillators whose oscillations are controlled by varying floating-gate charges.
Aromatic Polyimides With Group VI Linkages (1983)

New polymer system combines thermal and solvent resistant properties of aromatic polyimides with processability of PPX polymers. PPX polymers include polyphenylene oxide, polyphenylene sulfide, and polyphenylene sulfone classes. Generally more processable by hot melt or thermoplastic techniques than aromatic polyimides. PPX systems more susceptible to attack by solvents and have lower glass transition temperatures than PI group.
Chemical reactions of vitamin C with intravenous-iron formulations (2007)

Each IV-iron compound can oxidize substantial amounts of vitamin C when added to plasma or whole blood. The interaction of vitamin C is accompanied by release of iron from the particle at mildly acidic pH, which may explain the ability of high-dose vitamin C to mobilize iron from storage sites for erythropoiesis.
Levels of Proneness to Boredom in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder On and Off Methylphenidate Treatment (2020)

<b><i>Objective:</i></b> To evaluate the relationship between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) severity and propensity for boredom in children with ADHD, both on and off methylphenidate (MPH). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A group of children and adolescents with ADHD (<i>n</i> = 30), aged 7-18 years, were assessed using the Parent-Reported-ADHD Rating Scale-5 (PR-ADHD-RS-5) and Short Boredom Proneness Scale (SBPS), at baseline, after 3 months of MPH treatment, and again after 3 weeks of MPH treatment discontinuation. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Significant correlation was found at baseline between PR-ADHD-RS-5 and SBPS scores [<i>n</i> = 30, <i>r</i> = 0.40 (95% confidence interval {CI} = 0.048-0.67), <i>p</i> = 0.027]. Both ADHD and boredom levels decreased significantly after 3 months of MPH treatment. Significant correlation was found between the reductions in PR-ADHD-RS-5 and SBPS scores at this time [<i>n</i> = 30, <i>r</i> = 0.39 (95% CI = 0.035-0.66), <i>p</i> = 0.045]. MPH discontinuation for 3 weeks resulted in mild but statistically significant increases in ADHD and SBPS levels. No significant correlation was detected between the changes in PR-ADHD-RS-5 and SBPS scores after 3 weeks of MPH discontinuation. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Three months of MPH treatment resulted in parallel improvement in ADHD severity and in the level of proneness to boredom (PtB), whereas discontinuation of MPH administration is associated with increases in the two parameters, causing them to approach pretreatment levels. Clinicians and parents should be aware of the possibility of increased PtB in children with ADHD who discontinue MPH treatment. Structured daily activity and continuation of MPH treatment may preserve the beneficial effects of MPH on academic and leisure activities and may prevent aggravation of subjective boredom sensations that could lead to risky sensation-seeking behaviors and overuse of electronic devices.