gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimization of variable frequency microwave curing using neural networks and genetic algorithms (2004)

Variable frequency microwave (VFM) curing can perform the same processing steps as conventional thermal processing in minutes, without compromising the intrinsic material properties. This paper presents a central composite inscribed (CCI) experiment, which is used to characterize VFM curing of polyimide, and the subsequent modeling and optimization of the process. The statistically designed experiment is performed on samples of polyimide spin-cast on silicon wafers that are cured in a VFM fumace. During VFM processing, the temperature of the polyimide samples is ramped at an appropriate level and held for a specific amount of time. Through-plane and in-plane indices of refraction are subsequently measured using a Metricon prism coupler. The percent of imidization is measured using attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. For process modeling, we train a neural network using back-propagation and the data from the designed experiment to model the variation of the output responses as a function of the input variables. The input variables are ramp rate, temperature, and time-at-temperature. The output variables are the in-plane and through-plane indices of refraction, the birefringence, and the percent of imidization. The neural network models are then used for process optimization via genetic algorithms. Using this approach, we determine the appropriate input conditions to achieve desirable film properties.
Bioassay for monitoring the anti-aging effect of cord blood treatment (2018)

<b>Background:</b> Treating aged animals with plasma of an early developmental stage (e.g, umbilical cord plasma) showed an impressive potential to slow age-associated degradation of neuronal and cognitive functions. Translating such findings to clinical realities, however, requires effective ways for assessing treatment efficacy; ideal methods should be minimally invasive, amenable for serial assays, cost-effective, and quantitative. <b>Methods:</b> We developed a new biosensor approach to monitor anti-aging therapy. We advanced two key sensor components: i) a blood-borne metabolite was identified as a surrogate aging-marker; and ii) a compact and cost-effective assay system was developed for on-site applications. We treated aged mice either with human umbilical cord plasma or saline; unbiased metabolite profiling on mouse plasma revealed arachidonic acid (AA) as a potent indicator associated with anti-aging effect. We next implemented a competitive magneto-electrochemical sensor (cMES) optimized for AA detection directly from plasma. The developed platform could detect AA directly from small volumes of plasma (0.5 µL) within 1.5 hour. <b>Results:</b> cMES assays confirmed a strong correlation between AA levels and anti-aging effect: AA levels, while decreasing with aging, increased in the plasma-treated aged mice which also showed improved learning and memory performance. <b>Conclusions:</b> The cMES platform will empower both pre- and clinical anti-aging research by enabling minimally invasive, longitudinal treatment surveillance; these capacities will accelerate the development of anti-aging therapies, improving the quality of individual lives.
High total TGF-β2 levels in normal human tears (1996)

Mature and total TGF-beta 2 levels were determined in normal human tears, from 37 volunteers, using a quantitative "sandwich' enzyme immunoassay technique. Since this ELISA method recognizes only mature TGF-beta 2, total TGF-beta 2 levels in tears were measured after acid activation. Aqueous humor samples from 9 patients with cataract were also tested as controls. Mature and total TGF-beta 2 in aqueous humor (AH) averaged 182 pg/ml and 737 pg/ml, respectively. The levels of mature TGF-beta 2 in normal human tears ranged from 36 to 71 pg/ml (mean: 55 pg/ml). And the levels of total TGF-beta 2 ranged from 3446 to 14910 pg/ml (mean: 7854 Pg/ml), a very high level. Percentage of mature TGF-beta 2 ranged 0.4 to 1.3% (mean: 0.9%). It is reported for the first time that there are very high levels of total TGF-beta 2 in normal human tears.
The subparaneurial compartment: A new concept in the clinicoanatomic classification of peripheral nerve lesions (2015)

Based on our experience in treating peripheral non-neural sheath derived pathology, we have identified a novel pattern of lesion progression along the anatomic course of nerves. This report highlights the existence of a subparaneurial compartment around peripheral nerves. We first applied an anatomic framework to review MR images and intraoperative photographs of patients treated by the senior author in the last 10 years. After identifying a pattern that was consistent with subparaneurial lesion progression, we searched for other examples of cases that might exhibit this pattern. Four examples of subparaneurial pathology were identified, a hemangioma of the ulnar nerve, a ganglion cyst of the common fibular nerve, a lymphoma of the sciatic nerve and a lipoma of the ulnar nerve. All four patients were operated on and had intraoperative photographs; three had high resolution MR imaging. This report highlights the existence of pathology contained within a subparaneurial compartment, outside of the epineurium, that follows the course of the nerve and surrounds it circumferentially. The subparaneurial localization of peripheral nerve lesions has hitherto received little attention. Identification of this new pattern on preoperative MRI may have implications for surgical management.
<title>Self-protecting optical limiters using cascading geometries</title> (1992)

An increase in the dynamic range of an optical limiting device is achieved by using two different nonlinear elements cascaded within a single limiting device. A comparison between the results of optical limiting experiments for a single nonlinear element limiter and a two element limiter shows a significant increase in the damage threshold of the latter with only a small increase of the limiting threshold.
Identification of the optimal biologic to enhance endogenous stem cell recruitment (2013)

The goal of this project is to identify the optimal biologic to recruit mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to the site of an injury. A direct comparison between different biologics with putative chemoattractant properties will provide a quantification of the number of cells and the distance that they migrate towards each biologic. Biologics that are commonly used to enhance musculoskeletal regeneration such as leukocyte-poor platelet rich plasma (PRP), leukocyte-rich PRP, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein (IRAP), bone marrow aspirate, and bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) will be used in a microfluidics device designed to measure cell migration. BMAC commonly recruited the greatest number of cells; however, these results were not uniformly replicable. A new approach utilizing a U-slide chemotaxis device is now being used to obtain more consistent results. Identification of the biologic product that recruits stem cells best can lead to direct clinic application of said biologic for immediate use in lesions to recruitment endogenous stem cells for increased healing.
Transplant Nephrectomy Improves Survival following a Failed Renal Allograft (2009)

There is a growing number of patients returning to dialysis after a failed kidney transplant, and there is increasing evidence of higher mortality among this population. Whether removal of the failed renal allograft affects survival while receiving long-term dialysis is not well understood. We identified all adults who received a kidney transplant and returned to long-term dialysis after renal allograft failure between January 1994 and December 2004 from the US Renal Data System. Among 10,951 transplant recipients who returned to long-term dialysis, 3451 (31.5%) received an allograft nephrectomy during follow-up. Overall, 34.6% of these patients died during follow-up. Receiving an allograft nephrectomy associated with a 32% lower adjusted relative risk for all-cause death (adjusted hazard ratio 0.68; 95% confidence interval 0.63 to 0.74) after adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidity burden, donor characteristics, interim clinical conditions associated with receiving allograft nephrectomy, and propensity to receive an allograft nephrectomy. In conclusion, within a large, nationally representative sample of high-risk patients returning to long-term dialysis after failed kidney transplant, receipt of allograft nephrectomy independently associated with improved survival.
Regulation of gene expression involved in flavonol and anthocyanin biosynthesis during petal development in lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum) (2004)

To elucidate gene regulation of flower colour formation, the gene expressions of the enzymes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis were investigated in correlation with their product during floral development in lisianthus. Full‐length cDNA clones of major responsible genes in the central flavonoid biosynthetic pathway, including chalcone synthase (CHS), chalcone isomerase (CHI), flavanone 3‐hydroxylase (F3H), flavonoid 3′,5′‐hydroxylase (F3′5′H), dihydroflavonol 4‐reductase (DFR), anthocyanidin synthase (ANS), and flavonol synthase (FLS), were isolated and characterized. In lisianthus, the stage of the accumulation of flavonols and anthocyanins was shown to be divided clearly. The flavonol content increased prior to anthocyanin accumulation during floral development and declined when anthocyanin began to accumulate. CHS, CHI, and F3H were necessary for both flavonol and anthocyanin biosynthesis and were coordinately expressed throughout all stages of floral development; their expressions were activated independently at the stages corresponding to flavonol accumulation and anthocyanin accumulation, respectively. Consistent with flavonol and anthocyanin accumulation patterns, FLS, a key enzyme in flavonol biosynthesis, was expressed prior to the expression of the genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis. The genes encoding F3′5′H, DFR, and ANS were expressed at later stages, just before pigmentation. The genes responsible for the flavonoid pathways branching to anthocyanins and flavonols were strictly regulated and were coordinated temporally to correspond to the biosynthetic order of their respective enzymes in the pathways, as well as in specific organs. In lisianthus, FLS and DFR, at the position of branching to flavonols and anthocyanins, were supposed to play a critical role in regulation of each biosynthesis.
Towards a framework for handling musical expression (1996)

It is hard to imbue computer music with expressive gestures. We are proposing a framework specifically to support that need. This framework is based on three components: a content representation called Nuance, a framework for rendering expressive elements called LeNNY, and various user interfaces for specifying and manipulating expressive gestures.
L i 4 T i 5 O 12 for High‐Power, Long‐Life, and Safe Lithium‐Ion Batteries (2013)

This chapter reports that Li4Ti5O12 can offer a significant safety advantage over a graphite anode. Many researchers are attempting to develop high power, long life, and extremely safe lithium-ion chemistries with Li4Ti5O12 anodes for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) applications. The chapter focuses on the synthesis route to prepare nanostructured Li4Ti5O12. Bulk Li4Ti5O12 with micrometer-sized particles has low specific capacity and poor rate capability, due to the difficulty of lithium migration from the 8a to 16c sites in bulk materials. This issue can be resolved by taking advantage of the boundary effect of nanostructured materials. It has been consistently reported that lithium-ion batteries using nanostructured Li4Ti5O12 as the anode had extremely long cycle and calendar lives, high power capability, and unmatched safety characteristics. The data clearly show that this exemplary lithium-ion chemistry has already exceeded all the technical requirements needed.
Deduction under Perturbed Evidence: Probing Student Simulation Capabilities of Large Language Models (2023)

We explore whether Large Language Models (LLMs) are capable of logical reasoning with distorted facts, which we call Deduction under Perturbed Evidence (DUPE). DUPE presents a unique challenge to LLMs since they typically rely on their parameters, which encode mostly accurate information, to reason and make inferences. However, in DUPE, LLMs must reason over manipulated or falsified evidence present in their prompts, which can result in false conclusions that are valid only under the manipulated evidence. Our goal with DUPE is to determine whether LLMs can arrive at these false conclusions and identify whether the dominant factor influencing the deduction process is the encoded data in the parameters or the manipulated evidence in the prompts. To evaluate the DUPE capabilities of LLMs, we create a DUPEd version of the StrategyQA dataset, where facts are manipulated to reverse the answer to the question. Our findings show that even the most advanced GPT models struggle to reason on manipulated facts - showcasing poor DUPE skills - with accuracy dropping by 45% compared to the original dataset. We also investigate prompt settings inspired from student simulation models, which mitigate the accuracy drop to some extent. Our findings have practical implications for understanding the performance of LLMs in real-world applications such as student simulation models that involve reasoning over inaccurate information.
Role of CD11/CD18 in shear rate-dependent leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions in cat mesenteric venules. (1991)

In vivo microscopy was used to assess the relationships among shear rate (and shear stress), leukocyte rolling velocity, and leukocyte adherence in a cat mesentery preparation. Shear rate in individual venules and arterioles of 25-35 microns diameter were varied over a wide range by graded occlusion of an arterial loop. There was a linear decline in leukocyte rolling velocity (Vwbc) as red cell velocity (Vrbc) was reduced. The ratio Vwbc/Vrbc remained constant despite variations in shear stress from 5-25 dyn/cm2. A reduction in shear stress was associated with an increased leukocyte adherence, particularly when Vwbc was reduced below 50 microns/s. Reduction in wall shear rate below 500 s-1 in arterioles allowed 1-3 leukocytes to adhere per 100 microns length of vessel, while venules exposed to the same shear rates had 5-16 adherent leukocytes. In arterioles, leukocyte rolling was only observed at low shear rates. At shear rates less than 250 s-1 leukocyte rolling velocity was faster in arterioles than venules, and the ratio Vwbc/Vrbc for arterioles was 0.08 +/- 0.02, which was fourfold higher than the ratio obtained in venules at similar shear rates. Pretreatment with the CD18-specific antibody (mAb) IB4 increased leukocyte rolling velocity in venules by approximately 20 microns/s at red cell velocities below 2,000 microns/s. mAb IB4 largely prevented the leukocyte adherence to arterioles and venules, and increased the ratio Vwbc/Vrbc observed in venules at low shear elicit a CD18-dependent adhesive interaction between leukocytes and microvascular endothelium, and that differences in shear rates cannot explain the greater propensity for leukocyte rolling and adhesion in venules than arterioles.
Efficacy and Determinants of Response to HER Kinase Inhibition in HER2 -Mutant Metastatic Breast Cancer (2019)

<i>HER2</i> mutations define a subset of metastatic breast cancers with a unique mechanism of oncogenic addiction to HER2 signaling. We explored activity of the irreversible pan-HER kinase inhibitor neratinib, alone or with fulvestrant, in 81 patients with <i>HER2</i>-mutant metastatic breast cancer. Overall response rate was similar with or without estrogen receptor (ER) blockade. By comparison, progression-free survival and duration of response appeared longer in ER<sup>+</sup> patients receiving combination therapy, although the study was not designed for direct comparison. Preexistent concurrent activating <i>HER2</i> or <i>HER3</i> alterations were associated with poor treatment outcome. Similarly, acquisition of multiple <i>HER2</i>-activating events, as well as gatekeeper alterations, were observed at disease progression in a high proportion of patients deriving clinical benefit from neratinib. Collectively, these data define <i>HER2</i> mutations as a therapeutic target in breast cancer and suggest that coexistence of additional HER signaling alterations may promote both <i>de novo</i> and acquired resistance to neratinib. SIGNIFICANCE: <i>HER2</i> mutations define a targetable breast cancer subset, although sensitivity to irreversible HER kinase inhibition appears to be modified by the presence of concurrent activating genomic events in the pathway. These findings have implications for potential future combinatorial approaches and broader therapeutic development for this genomically defined subset of breast cancer.<i>This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 161</i>.
A NEW PARADIGM FOR SOUND DESIGN (2006)

A sound scene can be defined as any “environmental ” sound that has a consistent background texture, with one or more potentially recurring foreground events. We describe a data-driven framework for analyzing, transforming, and synthesizing high-quality sound scenes, with flexible control over the components of the synthesized sound. Given one or more sound scenes, we provide well-defined means to: (1) identify points of interest in the sound and extract them into reusable templates, (2) transform sound components independently of the background or other events, (3) continually re-synthesize the background texture in a perceptually convincing manner, and (4) controllably place event templates over the background, varying key parameters such as density, periodicity, relative loudness, and spatial positioning. Contributions include: techniques and paradigms for template selection and extraction, independent sound transformation and flexible re-synthesis; extensions to a wavelet-based background analysis/synthesis; and user interfaces to facilitate the various phases. Given this framework, it is possible to completely transform an existing sound scene, dynamically generate sound scenes of unlimited length, and construct new sound scenes by combining elements from different sound scenes.
Crystal structure of cyclohexylammonium thiocyanate (2014)

In the title salt, C6H11NH3 (+)·SCN(-), the cyclo-hexyl-ammonium ring adopts a slightly distorted chair conformation. The ammonium group occupies an equatorial position to minimize 1,3 and 1,5 diaxial inter-actions. In the crystal, the components are linked by N-H⋯N and N-H⋯S hydrogen-bonding inter-actions, resulting in a three-dimensional network.
Evaluation of CNN template robustness towards VLSI implementation (2002)

In this paper a method for the evaluation of the static robustness of cellular neural network (CNN) templates is proposed. From this evaluation the circuit accuracy specifications for a VLSI implementation can be derived which allows the designer to optimize the performance. Moreover, from this evaluation method guidelines for robust template designs can be derived and parameter testing templates can be developed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Thiabenzenes. I. Stable thiabenzenes (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThiabenzenes. I. Stable thiabenzenesG. H. Senkler Jr., Joseph Stackhouse, Bruce E. Maryanoff, and Kurt MislowCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1974, 96, 17, 5648–5650Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00824a096https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00824a096research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views87Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Antitumor Polycyclic Acridines. 20. Search for DNA Quadruplex Binding Selectivity in a Series of 8,13-Dimethylquino[4,3,2-kl]acridinium Salts: Telomere- Targeted Agents (2008)

The growth-inhibitory activities of an extensive series of quaternized quino[4,3,2- kl]acridinium salts against tumor cell lines in vitro have been measured and their biological properties interpreted in the light of differential binding to different DNA isoforms. Selectivity for quadruplex DNA binding and stabilization by compounds were explored through an array of methods: UV absorption and fluorescence emission spectroscopy, surface plasmon resonance, and competition dialysis. Quadruplex DNA interaction was further characterized through FRET and DNA polymerase arrest assays. Telomerase inhibition, inferred from the TRAP assay, is attributed to quadruplex stabilization, supported by the strong correlation (R(2) = 0.81) across the series between quadruplex DNA binding affinity and TRAP inhibition potency. Growth inhibition potency in the NCI60 human tumor cell line panel is more marked in compounds with greater DNA duplex binding affinity (R(2) = 0.82). Quantification of relative quadruplex and duplex binding affinity constants puts some of these ligands among the most selective quadruplex DNA interactive agents reported to date.
Data from RKI-1447 Is a Potent Inhibitor of the Rho-Associated ROCK Kinases with Anti-Invasive and Antitumor Activities in Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;The Rho-associated kinases ROCK1 and ROCK2 are critical for cancer cell migration and invasion, suggesting they may be useful therapeutic targets. In this study, we describe the discovery and development of RKI-1447, a potent small molecule inhibitor of ROCK1 and ROCK2. Crystal structures of the RKI-1447/ROCK1 complex revealed that RKI-1447 is a Type I kinase inhibitor that binds the ATP binding site through interactions with the hinge region and the DFG motif. RKI-1447 suppressed phosphorylation of the ROCK substrates MLC-2 and MYPT-1 in human cancer cells, but had no effect on the phosphorylation levels of the AKT, MEK, and S6 kinase at concentrations as high as 10 μmol/L. RKI-1447 was also highly selective at inhibiting ROCK-mediated cytoskeleton re-organization (actin stress fiber formation) following LPA stimulation, but does not affect PAK-meditated lamellipodia and filopodia formation following PDGF and Bradykinin stimulation, respectively. RKI-1447 inhibited migration, invasion and anchorage-independent tumor growth of breast cancer cells. In contrast, RKI-1313, a much weaker analog &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt;, had little effect on the phosphorylation levels of ROCK substrates, migration, invasion or anchorage-independent growth. Finally, RKI-1447 was highly effective at inhibiting the outgrowth of mammary tumors in a transgenic mouse model. In summary, our findings establish RKI-1447 as a potent and selective ROCK inhibitor with significant anti-invasive and antitumor activities and offer a preclinical proof-of-concept that justify further examination of RKI-1447 suitability as a potential clinical candidate. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 72(19); 5025–34. ©2012 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;