gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Raven's Progressive Matrices Completion with Latent Gaussian Process Priors (2021)

Abstract reasoning ability is fundamental to human intelligence. It enables humans to uncover relations among abstract concepts and further deduce implicit rules from the relations. As a well-known abstract visual reasoning task, Raven's Progressive Matrices (RPM) are widely used in human IQ tests. Although extensive research has been conducted on RPM solvers with machine intelligence, few studies have considered further advancing the standard answer-selection (classification) problem to a more challenging answer-painting (generating) problem, which can verify whether the model has indeed understood the implicit rules. In this paper we aim to solve the latter one by proposing a deep latent variable model, in which multiple Gaussian processes are employed as priors of latent variables to separately learn underlying abstract concepts from RPMs; thus the proposed model is interpretable in terms of concept-specific latent variables. The latent Gaussian process also provides an effective way of extrapolation for answer painting based on the learned concept-changing rules. We evaluate the proposed model on RPM-like datasets with multiple continuously-changing visual concepts. Experimental results demonstrate that our model requires only few training samples to paint high-quality answers, generate novel RPM panels, and achieve interpretability through concept-specific latent variables.
[Is hemofiltration following acute kidney failure in elderly cardiovascular surgery patients justified?]. (1997)

In a retrospective study, 47 patients with acute renal failure following cardiovascular surgery were evaluated in the Cardiovascular Surgery ICU of the University Hospital, Zurich, from 1991 to 1994. The object of the study was to investigate the contribution of hemofiltration for acute renal failure following cardiovascular surgery. The aim was further to identify risk factors which impair survival. We found that overall mortality was 70.2%, but was influenced by the patients' age. In patients under 60 (n = 9) the mortality rate was 55.6%; in patients from 60 to 69 (n = 19) the mortality rate was 57.9%. However, in patients aged 70 and over (n = 19), there was an increase in mortality to 89.5%. Specifically, the outcome was tested in a stepwise logistic regression and we found that recovery of renal function following hemofiltration was the most important factor favoring survival (p < 0.001). Further statistical analysis revealed that age 70 years or over was one of the main risk factors leading to death (p < 0.03), whereas preoperative renal insufficiency had no influence on postoperative outcome (p < 0.29). We conclude that postoperative renal function represents the crucial factor in survival. Although hemofiltration achieved adequate results in all groups, the patients of 70 years and more experienced a significantly higher mortality rate. This suggests that the increased mortality of the elderly was not due to renal failure in itself but rather was related to polymorbidity. Hence we propose that in the latter group of elderly patients candidates for hemofiltration are to be very carefully selected, particularly if they have additional complications.
Tin sulfide clusters in zeolite Y, Sn4S6-Y (1998)

The synthesis of a tin sulfide cluster array, denoted Sn4S6-Y, using the quantitative sequential surface anchoring and reaction of tetramethyltin with hydrogen sulfide (metal organic chemical vapor deposition, MOCVD, reagents) within the supercages of acid zeolite-Y is detailed. The tethered methyltin species and their transformation to the encapsulated tin sulfide clusters are elucidated through gravimetry, coupled with mid-IR and 119Sn Mössbauer spectroscopy. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Rietveld refinement of synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) data show that the clusters are internally confined and homogeneously dispersed in the supercages of the host zeolite, while optical spectroscopy show a cluster size dependent blue-shift of the absorption edge with respect to the bulk tin sulfide phase. A geometry is proposed for the encapusulated Sn4S6-Y cluster.
Establishment of public norovirus genome database in Hong Kong. (2010)

1. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that a panel of genetically diverse human norovirus (hNoV) strains are circulating in Hong Kong; those belonging to the GII.4 cluster appear to be most prevalent. 2. NoroBase is a publicly accessible web-based hNoV database and provides complete viral genomic and partial gene sequences to facilitate local studies. 3. With the annotated sequences in NoroBase, virus genotyping via homology search against our database provides an efficient way for epidemiologists and public health professionals to study epidemiologic patterns of local hNoV infections and identify and characterise aetiologic agents during gastroenteritis outbreaks.
Visualizing endogenous Rho activity with an improved localization-based, genetically encoded biosensor (2021)

Rho GTPases are regulatory proteins, which orchestrate cell features such as morphology, polarity and movement. Therefore, probing Rho GTPase activity is key to understanding processes such as development and cell migration. Localization-based reporters for active Rho GTPases are attractive probes to study Rho GTPase-mediated processes in real time with subcellular resolution in living cells and tissue. Until now, relocation Rho biosensors (sensors that relocalize to the native location of active Rho GTPase) seem to have been only useful in certain organisms and have not been characterized well. In this paper, we systematically examined the contribution of the fluorescent protein and Rho-binding peptides on the performance of localization-based sensors. To test the performance, we compared relocation efficiency and specificity in cell-based assays. We identified several improved localization-based, genetically encoded fluorescent biosensors for detecting endogenous Rho activity. This enables a broader application of Rho relocation biosensors, which was demonstrated by using the improved biosensor to visualize Rho activity during several cellular processes, such as cell division, migration and G protein-coupled receptor signaling. Owing to the improved avidity of the new biosensors for Rho activity, cellular processes regulated by Rho can be better understood. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Inverted-c ground MIMO antenna for compact UWB applications (2021)

A miniaturized four-port polarization diversity ultra-wide band multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna is presented in this article. Different structures are combined and excited with the tapered transmission line to obtain a reduced symmetric layout with the orthogonal arrangement in compact size. An inverted-c-shape partial ground plane is used to decouple the antenna elements placed in close proximity which reduced the overall size and improved the matched impedance of the MIMO antenna. Further, impedance bandwidth is improved by etching the slots in the ground plane. The overall dimension of the proposed compact MIMO antenna is 40 × 40 × 1.524 mm3. The measured characteristics of a fabricated prototype on the FR4 laminate well matched with the simulated results. The antenna exhibits a quasi-omnidirectional radiation pattern on the H-plane throughout the operational bandwidth, with isolation greater than 16 dB, low envelope correlation, and gain variation. this antenna can efficiently be usedfor diversity applications and portable devices.
LE-4. Pharmacological control of atherosclerotic plaques (1997)

Corsini, A.; Amaboldi, L.; McGeady, P.; Gelb, M. H.; Quarato, P.; Tagliabue, C.; Ferri, N.; Paoletti, R.; Fumagalli, R. Author Information
Mechanistic analysis of an asymmetric palladium-catalyzed conjugate addition of arylboronic acids to β-substituted cyclic enones (2014)

An asymmetric palladium-catalyzed conjugate addition reaction of arylboronic acids to enone substrates was investigated mechanistically. Desorption electrospray ionization coupled to mass spectrometry was used to identify intermediates of the catalytic cycle and delineate differences in substrate reactivity. Our findings provide evidence for the catalytic cycle proceeding through formation of an arylpalladium(II) cation, subsequent formation of an arylpalladium-enone complex, and, ultimately, formation of the new C-C bond. Reaction monitoring in both positive and negative ion modes revealed that 4-iodophenylboronic acid formed a relatively stable trimeric species under the reaction conditions.
Migraine Headaches: Surgery and Pain Management (2018)

Despite an incomplete understanding of the pathophysiology of migraine headache pain, there have been recent discoveries in neurobiology and craniofacial anatomy that suggest a peripheral nerve trigger point mechanism. The current mainstay of treatment for migraine headache is a combination of abortive and preventative medication. However, properly selected migraineurs with debilitating pain refractory to pharmacologic therapy may find substantial relief through surgical deactivation of peripheral nerve trigger sites. This chapter reviews accepted migraine diagnostic criteria, explains contemporary theories of migraine physiology, and discusses the evidence and rationale for the medical and surgical management of migraine headache pain.
Heteropolymolybdates of AsIII, SbIII, BiIII, SeIV, and TeIV Functionalized by Amino Acids (2002)

Taming the uncontrollable: The novel heteropolymolybdates, such as the [SeIVMo6O21(O2CCH2NH3)3]2− ion shown, functionalized by amino acids, can be derivatized at two different positions in a controlled manner. In addition, further functionalization of the clusters through the amino groups is possible, thus the 18 new compounds are ideal candidates for pharmaceutical applications. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2002/z19132_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Differential cytotoxic effect of gossypol on human melanoma, colon carcinoma, and other tissue culture cell lines. (1984)

Gossypol, a yellow pigment from the cotton plant (Gossypium) was found to have anti-tumor cell effects against several tumor cell lines grown in tissue culture. Most sensitive to the drug were melanoma and colon carcinoma cells. After 24 hr of treatment with 10 microM gossypol, over 90% of these cells were killed. A rough correlation existed between very rapidly growing cells and their sensitivity to the drug. For example, slow growing cells, such as normal embryonic lung fibroblasts and mammary adenocarcinoma, were least sensitive, requiring over 30 microM gossypol in order to kill 90% of cells after 48 hr of treatment. These results indicate that gossypol has differential cytotoxic effects against certain tumor cell types, such as melanoma and colon carcinoma, and suggest that it might be of potential therapeutic value. The drug appears to act as a metabolic poison rather than as an agent interfering with DNA synthesis at the concentrations used in the study. Cells sensitive to the drug contain the more cathodic forms of lactate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenases I to III.
Figure S6 from MAPK7 Regulates EMT Features and Modulates the Generation of CTCs (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure S6. Knockdown of MAPK7 does not increase proliferation rate in primary tumor or lung metastasis.&lt;/p&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of (Allyloxy)methyl‐Substituted Diaza‐18‐crown‐6 Compounds for Attachment of Silica Gel. (1988)

Abstract Allyloxymethyl‐substituted diaza‐18‐crown‐6 derivatives are prepared by five different routes, the most convenient method proves to be the reaction of the diamines (I) with the epoxides (II) to yield the compounds (III).
Gateway Switching in Q/V Band Satellite Feeder Links (2013)

A main challenge towards realizing the next generation Terabit/s broadband satellite communications (SatCom) is the limited spectrum available in the Ka band. An attractive solution is to move the feeder link to the higher Q/V band, where more spectrum is available. When utilizing the Q/V band, due to heavy rain attenuation, gateway diversity is considered a necessity to ensure the required feeder link availability. Although receive site diversity has been studied in the past for SatCom, there is much less maturity in terms of transmit diversity techniques. In this paper, a modified switch and stay combining scheme is proposed for a Q/V band feeder link, but its performance is also evaluated over an end-to-end satellite link. The proposed scheme is pragmatic and has close to optimal performance with notably lower complexity.
Simple reconfigurable antenna with radiation pattern (2008)

A radiation pattern reconfigurable antenna is proposed. By controlling the switch states, the antenna can be worked as a monopole antenna with an omnidirectional radiation pattern or a dipole antenna with reflector, which has directional radiation pattern. Detailed design considerations of the proposed antenna, simulated and experimental results are presented and discussed.
M241 (CD1) expression on B lymphocytes. (1987)

The human thymus leukemia-like antigens (CD1a-c) consist of three similar glycoproteins found on subpopulations of normal thymocytes, T cell acute leukemias, and cutaneous dendritic cells. The CD1c antigen recognized by the M241 monoclonal antibody was detected on the circulating mononuclear cells of three children with severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID). Two-color immunofluorescence analysis demonstrated that M241 expression (43 to 95%) was limited to cells expressing the B cell-restricted antigens B4 (CD19), B1 (CD20), and surface immunoglobulin. To confirm M241 expression on normal cells of the B lineage rather than aberrant expression limited to SCID B cells, its expression was demonstrated serologically and biochemically on purified B cells from spleen, tonsil, and peripheral blood. Parallel analyses with monoclonal antibodies NA1/34 and 4A76 demonstrated that the CD1a and CD1b molecules were negative on all B cells that were studied. It has been hypothesized that the CD1 molecules represent the human counterpart of the murine thymus leukemia antigens due to their similar size, limited tissue distribution, and association with beta 2-microglobulin. This study suggests that a subset of CD1 antigens detected by M241 (CD1c) may represent a human analog of a murine Qa antigen due to its extended distribution on normal peripheral B cells.
Special Articles on Organic and Inorganic Optical Materials. Studies on Emitting Materials of Organic EL Cells. (1992)

有機エレクトロルミネセンス(EL)素子の青色系統の発光材料としてジスチリルベソゼン誘導体を合成し,その置換基をアルキル基,電子求引基,電子供与基と系統的に変化させることにより検討を行った。ELの発光効率を向上させる条件として薄膜性が良好であることと発光材料は正孔輸送層とのエキサイプレヅクス(exciplex)形成,電荷移動状態などを避けることが重要であることが明らかとなった。検討した一連の置換基の中では電子供与性のカルパゾール系が良好であった。具体的には1.51m/W以上の青緑色発光を得ることができた。また化合物の共役状態を糊御することにより青色発光も得ることが可能であった。これらのジスチリルベンゼン誘導体系は青色系発光材料として有望であることを見いだした。
Algal Neurotoxin Biosynthesis Repurposes the Terpene Cyclase Structural Fold Into an N -prenyltransferase (2020)

Abstract Prenylation is a common biological reaction in all domains of life whereupon prenyl diphosphate donors transfer prenyl groups onto small molecules as well as large proteins. The enzymes that catalyze these biotransformations are structurally distinct from ubiquitous terpene cyclases that instead assemble terpene molecules via intramolecular rearrangements. Herein we report the structure and molecular details of a new family of prenyltransferases from marine algae that repurposes the terpene cyclase structural fold for the N -prenylation of glutamic acid during the biosynthesis of the potent neurochemicals domoic acid and kainic acid. We solved the X-ray crystal structure of the prenyltransferase found in domoic acid biosynthesis, DabA, and show distinct active site binding modifications that remodel the canonical Mg 2+ -binding motif. We then applied our structural knowledge of DabA and a homologous enzyme from the kainic acid biosynthetic pathway, KabA, to alter their isoprene donor specificities (geranyl versus dimethylallyl diphosphate) by a single amino acid switch. While the diatom DabA and seaweed KabA enzymes share a common evolutionary lineage, they are distinct from all other terpene cyclases, suggesting a very distant ancestor. Significance Domoic acid is a neurotoxin produced by marine algae that readily bioaccumulates in shellfish and significantly impacts both human and animal life. The first committed step of the biosynthesis of domoic acid is the N -prenylation of L-glutamic acid by the enzyme DabA. By solving the crystal structure of DabA, we demonstrate that this enzyme has repurposed the common terpene cyclase fold to catalyze an extremely unusual reaction, N -prenylation of an unactivated primary amine. Application of these structural insights enabled rational engineering of two N -prenyltransferase enzymes to accept alternative prenyl donors. Ultimately, these results not only expand the scope of reactions catalyzed by a terpene cyclase family member, but will help inform future domoic acid environmental monitoring efforts.
Enhancement of Humoral Immunity by Interleukin‐12 (1996)

We have found that IL-12 treatment of mice leads to long-lasting enhancement in production of most antibody isotypes in conventional B-cell responses. Initial recruitment of new B-cell clones into the response is mediated by IFN-gamma, but subsequent enhancement of Ig secretion appears to be IFN-gamma-independent. We have further found that activated B cells can directly bind IL-12. Taken together, our results suggest a two-step model for the role of IL-12 in enhancement of humoral immunity. Initially, IL-12 induces production of IFN-gamma from Th1 and NK cells. Enough cytokine can be produced from either cell type to then mediate gamma 2a heavy chain isotype switching as well as temporary suppression of IgG1 production. IL-12 further stimulates post-switched cells, including cells producing IgG1, to secrete greatly increased amounts of antibody. This step is not mediated by IFN-gamma but might be due to direct IL-12 binding to activated B lymphocytes. Depletion of B1 cells by IL-12 may further enhance antibody responsiveness since B1 cells are known to competitively inhibit Ig secretion by conventional B cells. The end result is that IL-12 causes a generalized upregulation in production of all antibodies and therefore acts as a strong adjuvant for humoral as well as cellular immunity.
Does Potassium Citrate Medical Therapy Increase the Risk of Calcium Phosphate Stone Formation? (2007)

Potassium citrate has been extensively used in the treatment of recurrent nephrolithiasis. Recent evidence suggests that it may contribute to increasing urinary pH and, as such, increase the risk of calcium phosphate stone formation. We performed a retrospective review of our patients to further investigate this phenomenon.
Single dose pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, tolerability and safety of BAY 60–5521, a potent inhibitor of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (2011)

BAY 60-5521 was clinically safe and well tolerated. No effects on heart rate, blood pressure and ECG recordings were observed during the study. A clear pharmacodynamic effect on CETP inhibition and HDL could be demonstrated.
On-State Behaviour of Diamond M-i-P Structures (2006)

Diamond Schottky power diodes are currently subject to extensive research. In this paper, the on-state capability of this type of structures is assessed. Measured forward characteristics for different temperatures are included and the use of gold, nickel and aluminium as Schottky metal is evaluated. A theoretical study regarding the influence of different doping profiles at the drift-substrate interface on the electrical performance of the device is also inserted
HPLC determination of procaine and benzylpenicillin in procaine penicillin injectables (1996)

A stability-indicating hplc method has been developed for the assay of procaine benzylpenicillin in injectables. The method is not subject to interference from the primary hydrolytic degradation products of benzylpenicillin or from the commonly used preservative, methyl p-hydroxybenzoate (methyl paraben). The method is suitable also for the assay of procaine benzylpenicillin injections which contain dihydrostreptomycin sulphate or neomycin sulphate. A minor modification to the procedure allows the method to be applied to injections containing N,N'-dibenzylethylenediamine (benzathine). ( author abstract)
Novel lithography and signal processing with water vapor ions (1997)

A novel model is presented for the operation of field emission sources in air. Under this condition the cathode–anode distance is less than the mean free path for the particles emitted in air. Such conditions are encountered in scanning tunneling microscope lithography in air and in novel integrated microtriode tube devices designed to operate in air. In air, the presence of a high electric field gradient, produced at the tip, will cause the polar water molecules coating the surface to align with the field and move to the high field region. As a result, a Taylor cone of water, like that as it is observed with liquid metal ion sources, will form. The high electric field gradient at the Taylor cone, enhanced by the high dielectric constant, will produce a very finely focused beam of ions. We examine the case of water ion formation. With a positive tip bias, hydronium ions will form at electric fields of 1 V/nm. This is a factor of 4 smaller than that required to produce the field emission with electrons. The electric field distribution and the hydronium ion trajectories from a metal tip with a high permittivity material cone are calculated. The spot size of the ion beam on the substrate was 2.9 nm. A model for lithography, based on water ions, is presented. The model is applied to the design of a microtriode device for signal processing. The three-dimensional fabrication of such a device by e-beam induced chemical vapor deposition is demonstrated.
Designing closer to the edge [deep submicron processes] (2002)

Summary form only given. Modern deep submicron CMOS processes cost /spl Theta/ or more to develop, qualify and deploy. Yet the incremental impact of each technology generation has been steadily decreasing due to a variety of phenomena such as increasing wire delay, power dissipation and reliability limits, and increasing process tolerances. We need to make better use of existing and future manufacturing processes in order to recoup our investment. It is often possible to obtain more performance out of an existing technology by better understanding of the process tolerances and trading off functional yield vs. performance. Given the above, it is clear that we need to understand and model design tolerances arising from processing variations. Until recently, it was sufficient to model such process-induced variations as intra-die shifts in device performance. However, in the deep submicron regime, within-die wire and device variations are comparable to die-to-die variations. This results in the need for new characterization, modeling and analysis techniques to handle these variations. In this work we expand on the ideas above, review the important trends in design uncertainty which directly drives design tolerance and hence performance. We review a number of research and applied approaches to design for manufacturability. The need to track process tolerances as a technology matures is stressed. This tracking is important since it acts as an information conduit between design and fabrication groups and enables designers to adapt the design to lower tolerances where possible.