gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Spline Theory of Deep Networks (Extended Version). (2018)

We build a rigorous bridge between deep networks (DNs) and approximation theory via spline functions and operators. Our key result is that a large class of DNs can be written as a composition of max-affine spline operators (MASOs), which provide a powerful portal through which to view and analyze their inner workings. For instance, conditioned on the input signal, the output of a MASO DN can be written as a simple affine transformation of the input. This implies that a DN constructs a set of signal-dependent, class-specific templates against which the signal is compared via a simple inner product; we explore the links to the classical theory of optimal classification via matched filters and the effects of data memorization. Going further, we propose a simple penalty term that can be added to the cost function of any DN learning algorithm to force the templates to be orthogonal with each other; this leads to significantly improved classifi- cation performance and reduced overfitting with no change to the DN architecture. The spline partition of the input signal space that is implicitly induced by a MASO directly links DNs to the theory of vector quantization (VQ) and K-means clustering, which opens up new geometric avenue to study how DNs organize signals in a hierarchical fashion. To validate the utility of the VQ interpretation, we develop and validate a new distance metric for signals and images that quantifies the difference between their VQ encodings. (This paper is a significantly expanded version of a paper with the same title that will appear at ICML 2018.)
Macrophages are comprised of resident brain microglia not infiltrating peripheral monocytes acutely after neonatal stroke (2006)

Macrophages can be both beneficial and detrimental after CNS injury. We previously showed rapid accumulation of macrophages in injured immature brain acutely after ischemia-reperfusion. To determine whether these macrophages are microglia or invading monocytes, we subjected post-natal day 7 (P7) rats to transient 3 h middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion and used flow cytometry at 24 and 48 h post-reperfusion to distinguish invading monocytes (CD45high/CD11b+) from microglia (CD45low/medium/CD11b+). Inflammatory cytokines and chemokines were determined in plasma, injured and contralateral tissue 1-24 h post-reperfusion using ELISA-based cytokine multiplex assays. At 24 h, the number of CD45+/CD11b+ cells increased 3-fold in injured compared to uninjured brain tissue and CD45 expression shifted from low to medium with less than 10% of the population expressing CD45high. MCA occlusion induced rapid and transient asynchronous increases in the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-beta and chemokines cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant protein 1 (CINC-1) and monocyte-chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), first in systemic circulation and then in injured brain. Double immunofluorescence with cell-type specific markers showed that multiple cell types in the injured brain produce MCP-1. Our findings show that despite profound increases in MCP-1 in injured regions, monocyte infiltration is low and the majority of macrophages in acutely injured regions are microglia.
Anatomic Analysis of a Percutaneous Fixation Technique for the Posterior Malleolus Using Posterior-to-Anterior–Directed Cannulated Screws: A Cadaveric Study and Technique Description (2021)

This percutaneous technique provides a safe alternative to the standard open and traditional percutaneous techniques. It has limited application and is suitable for noncomminuted minimally displaced posterior malleolus fractures and those with fragile tissues where the morbidity of the soft tissue exposure outweighs the benefit of an open reduction.
The SP1 high-performance switch (2002)

The IBM scalable POWERparallel systems 9076 SP1 connects RISC System/6000 processors via a communication network called the high-performance switch. This switch-based upon the Vulcan parallel processor incorporates a number of unusual features to enhance reliability, diagnose faults, and simplify cabling. This paper examines the SP1 switch architecture and implementation and overviews the switch support software. The switch is a bidirectional MIN, and provides at least 4 usable redundant paths for most pairs of communicating nodes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
An efficient delay-constrained minimum spanning tree heuristic (1996)

Many distributed real-time applications require broadcasting information to all participants.This information must be received within some delay bound, and at the lowest possible cost.We formulate the problem of constructing broadcast trees for real-time traffic with delay constraints in networks with asymmetric link loads as a delay-constrained minimum spanning tree (DCMST) problem in directed networks.Then we prove that this problem is NP-complete, and we propose an efficient heuristic to solve the problem based on Prim's algorithm for the unconstrained minimum spanning tree problem.This is the first heuristic designed specifically for solving the DCMST problem.Simulation results under realistic networking conditions show that our heuristic's performance is close to optimal when the link loads are symmetric as well as when asymmetric link loads are used.Delay-constrained minimum Steiner tree heuristics can also be used to solve the DCMST problem.Simulation results indicate that the fastest delay-constrained minimum Steiner tree heuristic, DMCT [1], is not as efficient as the heuristic we propose, while the most efficient delay-constrained minimum Steiner tree heuristic, BSMA [2], is much slower than our proposed heuristic and does not construct cheaper delay-constrained broadcast trees.
Controlled synthesis of high molecular weight poly(methyl methacrylate) based on Lewis acid-assisted high-speed living polymerization initiated with aluminum porphyrin (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTControlled synthesis of high molecular weight poly(methyl methacrylate) based on Lewis acid-assisted high-speed living polymerization initiated with aluminum porphyrinTakato Adachi, Hiroshi Sugimoto, Takuzo Aida, and Shohei InoueCite this: Macromolecules 1992, 25, 8, 2280–2281Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00034a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00034a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views225Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Use of Experimental Techniques Combined with Ab Initio Calculations to Study Urea Electro Oxidation Reaction for Hydrogen Production. (2009)

Abstract not Available.
Discovery of a Cryptic Antifungal Compound from Streptomyces albus J1074 Using High-Throughput Elicitor Screens (2017)

An important unresolved issue in microbial secondary metabolite production is the abundance of biosynthetic gene clusters that are not expressed under typical laboratory growth conditions. These so-called silent or cryptic gene clusters are sources of new natural products, but how they are silenced, and how they may be rationally activated are areas of ongoing investigation. We recently devised a chemogenetic high-throughput screening approach ("HiTES") to discover small molecule elicitors of silent biosynthetic gene clusters. This method was successfully applied to a Gram-negative bacterium; it has yet to be implemented in the prolific antibiotic-producing streptomycetes. Herein we have developed a high-throughput transcriptional assay format in Streptomyces spp. by leveraging eGFP, inserted both at a neutral site and inside the biosynthetic cluster of interest, as a read-out for secondary metabolite synthesis. Using this approach, we successfully used HiTES to activate a silent gene cluster in Streptomyces albus J1074. Our results revealed the cytotoxins etoposide and ivermectin as potent inducers, allowing us to isolate and structurally characterize 14 novel small molecule products of the chosen cluster. One of these molecules is a novel antifungal, while several others inhibit a cysteine protease implicated in cancer. Studies addressing the mechanism of induction by the two elicitors led to the identification of a pathway-specific transcriptional repressor that silences the gene cluster under standard growth conditions. The successful application of HiTES will allow future interrogations of the biological regulation and chemical output of the countless silent gene clusters in Streptomyces spp.
Object Detection and Tracking using an Optical Time-of-Flight Range Camera Module for Vehicle Safety and Driver Assist Applications (2007)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper describes a high frame rate focal-plane-array range camera module, based on optical time-of-flight measurement, along with machine vision algorithms that take advantage of the real-time 3D information. The utility of such technology is demonstrated in an advanced backup safety system. This system detects obstacles lying on the ground as well as tracks moving objects. Using dual detection criteria, the system outperforms existing backup proximity sensors. Based on 3D imagery collected from a rear-viewing camera configuration, we evaluate the detection and tracking accuracy for varying object sizes and ranges. Operational experience shows that our time-of-flight range camera can be a cost-effective and reliable component of intelligent automotive safety and driver assist systems.&lt;/div&gt;
[Diagnosis of lung cancer. Fluorescence bronchoscopy]. (2006)

Autofluorescence endoscopy is used for more than ten years as an help to the diagnosis of bronchial precancerous lesions and early lung cancers. The technique has been extensively evaluated during the past decade including in two recent randomized studies versus conventional endoscopy that have shown an improvement for the localisation and the diagnosis of high grade precancerous lesions from 2 to 5 times. This paper reviews the principal applications and results of the use of autofluorescence endoscopy in high risk individuals, as well as innovative endoscopic approaches using the fluorescence properties of the respiratory tract.
Core Losses in Co-Rich Inductors with Tunable Permeability (2020)

High frequency, low loss power systems enable electrified aircraft propulsion. Filter inductors that reduce noise in high current systems can account for 50% of the motor drive mass. Efficient inductor cores with tunable permeability reduce system mass by producing less heat, that removes heat sink mass. Requirements for filter inductors vary based on the chosen topology, but all inductor cores must operate below saturation levels. As the saturation flux density is limited (less than ~2 T), high differential current applications require cores with low relative permeabilities. The large induced anisotropies possible in Co-rich metal amorphous nanocomposite materials enables gapless inductors with relative permeabilities down to ~20. These materials have fine grain size ~8nm with a faulted, close packed structure. The impact of different processing methods on core losses are presented along with comparison to other low permeability soft magnetic materials.
Dually Reactive Long Recombinant Linkers for Bioconjugations as an Alternative to PEG (2020)

Covalent cross-linking of biomolecules can be useful in pursuit of tissue targeting or dual targeting of two receptors on cell surfaces for avidity effects. Long linkers (>10 kDa) can be advantageous for such purposes, and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) linkers are most commonly used due to the high aqueous solubility of PEG and its relative inertness toward biological targets. However, PEG is non-biodegradable, and available PEG linkers longer than 5 kDa are heterogeneous (polydisperse), which means that conjugates based on such materials will be mixtures. We describe here recombinant linkers of distinct lengths, which can be expressed in yeast, which are polar, and which carry orthogonal reactivity at each end of the linker, thus allowing chemoselective cross-linking of proteins. A conjugate between insulin and either of the two trypsin inhibitor peptides/proteins exemplifies the technology, using a GQAP-based linker of molecular weight of 17 848, having one amine at the N-terminal, and one Cys, at the C-terminal. Notably, yeast-based expression systems typically give products with mixed disulfides when expressing proteins that are equipped with one unpaired Cys, namely, mixed disulfides with glutathione, free Cys amino acid, and/or a protein homodimer. To obtain a homogeneous linker, we worked out conditions for transforming the linker with mixed disulfides into a linker with a homogeneous disulfide, using excess 4-mercaptophenylacetic acid. Subsequently, the N-terminal amine of the linker was transformed into an azide, and the C-terminal Cys disulfide was reduced to a free thiol and reacted with halo-acetyl insulin. The N-terminal azide was finally conjugated to either of the two types of alkyne-containing trypsin inhibitor peptides/proteins. This reaction sequence allowed the cross-linked proteins to carry internal disulfides, as no reduction step was needed after protein conjugations. The insulin-trypsin inhibitor conjugates were shown to be stabilized toward enzymatic digestions and to have partially retained binding to the insulin receptor.
Bioequivalence of Inhaled Drugs: fundamentals, Challenges and Perspectives (2013)

Interest in bioequivalence (BE) of inhaled drugs derives largely from the desire to offer generic substitutes to successful drug products. The complexity of aerosol dosage forms renders them difficult to mimic and raises questions regarding definitions of similarities and those properties that must be controlled to guarantee both the quality and the efficacy of the product. Despite a high level of enthusiasm to identify and control desirable properties there is no clear guidance, regulatory or scientific, for the variety of aerosol dosage forms, on practical measures of BE from which products can be developed. As more data on the pharmaceutical and clinical relevance of various techniques, as described in this review, become available, it is likely that a path to the demonstration of BE will become evident. In the meantime, debate on this topic will continue.
Synthesis of raspberry‐like organic–inorganic hybrid nanocapsules via pickering miniemulsion polymerization: Colloidal stability and morphology (2011)

Abstract Raspberry‐like hybrid nanocapsules with a hydrophobic liquid core were successfully prepared via the copolymerization of styrene, divinylbenzene (DVB), and 4‐vinyl pyridine (4‐VP) in Pickering‐stabilized miniemulsions by using silica particles as the sole emulsifier and hexadecane (HD) as liquid template. When compared with conventional Pickering miniemulsions and Pickering suspensions, the colloidal stability of the current systems is much more sensitive to the variation of reaction parameters such as pH, size, amount of silica particles, and content of 4‐VP. The systems without coagulum were only obtained in a narrow pH range at around 9.5 and by using 12 nm silica particles as emulsifier. The formation of well‐defined raspberry‐like capsules was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high‐resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM). The stable attachment of silica particles on the surface of hybrid particles was verified by centrifugation and subsequent characterizations, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, TEM, and HRSEM. The influence of pH and weight content of HD, DVB, and 4‐VP on the particle morphology was extensively investigated. Interestingly, the particle morphology strongly depends on the particle size. When compared with the organic surface‐active surfactant, the formation of capsule morphology could be promoted by the application of silica particles taking advantage of their surface inactivity. The formation mechanisms of capsules/solid particles are discussed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Synthetic Studies of the Flavone Derivatives. VII. Synthesis of 6, 8-Dimethoxyflavone Derivatives and Their <SUP>13</SUP>C-NMR (1980)

6, 8-Dimethoxyflavone (I) and 2', 3', 5'-trimethoxyflavone (II) were synthesized in good yield from 2-bromo-6-methoxy-1, 4-benzoquinone (VIII) as a starting material. The flavone isolated from Alnus glutinosa and presumed to be 5, 4'-dihydroxy-6, 8-dimethoxyflavone (IV) was suggested to be 5, 4'-dihydroxy-6, 7-dimethoxyflavone by comparison with the melting points of synthetic flavone derivatives. The 13C-NMR spectra of the flavones are also discussed.
Voltage-induced coercivity change in Co film grown on Cr 2 O 3 barrier (2019)

Abstract We investigated the electric field effect on the magnetic properties of the Pt or Ru/Cr 2 O 3 /Co/Pt structures fabricated by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). The Cr 2 O 3 layer fabricated using radical assisted MBE exhibits a high breakdown voltage (∼1.5 MV cm −1 ) comparable to the thicker films. Owing to interfacial perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, the Co layer exhibits a sufficiently large magnetic anisotropy energy ( K eff &gt; 1 × 10 6 J m −3 ). Further, a voltage-induced coercivity change is observed for the structure, with an efficiency of −0.5 mT V −1 . The Cr 2 O 3 /Co multilayer is a promising structure for further investigation of the electric field effect of Co-based materials.
Modeling Musical Sounds With An Interpolating State Model (2005)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Antalya, Turkey, 2005
Segmentation under occlusions using selective shape prior (2007)

In this work, we address the problem of segmenting multiple objects, under possible occlusions, in a level set framework. A variational energy that incorporates a piecewise constant representation of the image in terms of the object regions and the object spatial order is proposed. To resolve occluded boundaries, prior knowledge of shape of objects is also introduced within the segmentation energy. By minimizing the above energy, we solve the segmentation with depth problem, i.e. estimating the object boundaries, the object intensities, and the spatial order. The segmentation with depth problem was originally dealt with by the Nitzberg-Mumford-Shiota (NMS) variational formulation which proposes segmentation energies for each spatial order. We discuss the relationships, and show the computational advantages of our formulation over the NMS model, mainly due to our treatment of spatial order estimation within a single energy. A novelty here is that the spatial order information available in the image model is used to dynamically impose prior shape constraints only to occluded boundaries. Also presented are experiments on synthetic and real images with promising results.
Dynamic End-to-End Slicing for 5G Verticals (2020)

5G promises to bring back value to the network operator and not only serve as a data pipe solution anymore. Operators have started to adopt cloud-native paradigms for the deployment of the 5G core architecture. With it goes the introduction of the service-based architecture as a key design pattern for realizing future control, and ultimately user planes of mobile networks. New design patterns offer a more flexible network and address new use cases utilising the features of a 5G system, such as slicing. We present aspects of a dynamic slicing approach as well as low-layered slicing and forwarding methodology within a service delivery platform entirely built upon service-based architecture principles.
Optogenetic Delay of Status Epilepticus Onset in an In Vivo Rodent Epilepsy Model (2013)

Epilepsy is a devastating disease, currently treated with medications, surgery or electrical stimulation. None of these approaches is totally effective and our ability to control seizures remains limited and complicated by frequent side effects. The emerging revolutionary technique of optogenetics enables manipulation of the activity of specific neuronal populations in vivo with exquisite spatiotemporal resolution using light. We used optogenetic approaches to test the role of hippocampal excitatory neurons in the lithium-pilocarpine model of acute elicited seizures in awake behaving rats. Hippocampal pyramidal neurons were transduced in vivo with a virus carrying an enhanced halorhodopsin (eNpHR), a yellow light activated chloride pump, and acute seizure progression was then monitored behaviorally and electrophysiologically in the presence and absence of illumination delivered via an optical fiber. Inhibition of those neurons with illumination prior to seizure onset significantly delayed electrographic and behavioral initiation of status epilepticus, and altered the dynamics of ictal activity development. These results reveal an essential role of hippocampal excitatory neurons in this model of ictogenesis and illustrate the power of optogenetic approaches for elucidation of seizure mechanisms. This early success in controlling seizures also suggests future therapeutic avenues.
Dependence of wavelength control on dielectric structure for vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (1997)

Calculated data are presented that compare the control of the lasing wavelength for different dielectric vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers that use a GaAs tuning layer of variable thickness to control the longitudinal cavity resonance. The advantages of high-contrast Bragg reflectors and a half-wave cavity spacer thickness become obvious in achieving both a wide tuning range and minimizing reflectivity changes.
Lymph nodes: Decoding what you see; a regional approach (2019)

Poster: ECR 2019 / C-3499 / Lymph nodes: Decoding what you see; a regional approach by: R. A. M. A. Helal 1, P. M. A. D. Mohamed Abouelhoda1, S. Salah1, M. M. M. Ashour2, A. Mugahid1, A. D. Metry1, E. T. E. Abdullah1, M. A. Abo El Ela1, M. A. M. Ayoub1; 1Cairo/EG, 2Cairo, New Cairo/EG
Solvent Effects on Intermolecular Proton Transfer:  The Rates of Nitrene Protonation and Their Correlation with Swain Acity (2007)

The rate of protonation of singlet 2-fluorenylnitrene was studied in eight protic solvents. The protonation rates vary between 10(11) and 10(9) s(-1) and are well-correlated with Swain's acity parameters. This demonstrates that Swain acity parameters and nitrene protonation rates can be used to evaluate bulk solvent acidity.