gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photoacoustic Measurements of Amplification of the Absorption Cross Section for Coated Soot Aerosols (2011)

A quantitative understanding of the absorption and scattering properties of mixed soot and aerosol particles is necessary for evaluating the Earth's energy balance. Uncertainty in the net radiative forcing of atmospheric aerosols is relatively large and may be limited by oversimplified models that fail to predict these properties for bare and externally mixed soot particles. In this laboratory study of flame-generated soot, we combine photoacoustic spectroscopy, particle counting techniques, and differential mobility analysis to obtain high-precision measurements of the size-dependent absorption cross section of uncoated and coated soot particles. We investigate how the coating of soot by nonabsorbing films of dibutyl phthalate (chosen as a surrogate for sulfuric acid) affects the particles’ morphology and optical properties. Absorption measurements were made with photoacoustic spectroscopy using a laser at λ = 405 nm. We report measurements and model calculations of the absolute cross section, mass absorption coefficient, and amplification of the absorption cross section. The results are interpreted and modeled in terms of a core–shell geometry and Lorenz–Mie theory of scattering and absorption. We discuss evidence of soot particle and collapse as a result of the coating process and we demonstrate the ability to resolve changes in the coating thickness as small as 2 nm.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclopentyl: A Novel Protective Group for Phenols. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Structural Safety Assessment of Railway Freight Car during Static Loading (2008)

The structural strength during static loadings for a carbody of railway container freight car was evaluated to verify the structural strength of newly manufactured carbody. The carbody of freight car was designed with SM490YA steel and stainless steel for the general railway transportation. Prior to the assessment of structural strength, finite element method (FEM) characterization was used for the stress and structural analyses on stress distribution in a carbody of container freight car. The strain gages were attached on the carbody based on the FEM results in order to measure structural strength during static loadings such as vertical and compression loadings. The actual vertical loading test and horizontal compression loading test were conducted, and the results were compared with the previous FEM results. In this investigation, the evaluation method for the structural strength in a structural component has been introduced using several engineering techniques, and experimental and theoretical results were compared.
A semi-implantable multichannel telemetry system for continuous electrical, mechanical and hemodynamical recordings in animal cardiac research (2007)

We have developed an eight-channel telemetry system for studying experimental models of chronic cardiovascular disease. The system is an extension of a previous device that has been miniaturized, reduced in power consumption and provided with increased functionality. We added sensors for ventricular dimension, and coronary artery blood flow and arterial blood pressure that are suitable for use with the system. The telemetry system consists of a front end, a backpack and a host PC. The front end is a watertight stainless steel case with all sensor electronics sealed inside; it acquires dimension, flow, pressure and five cardiac electrograms from selected locations on the heart. The backpack includes a control unit, Bluetooth radio, and batteries. The control unit digitizes eight channels of data from the front end and forwards them to the host PC via Bluetooth link. The host PC has a receiving Bluetooth radio and Labview programs to store and display data. The whole system was successfully tested on the bench and in an animal model. This telemetry system will greatly enhance the ability to study events leading to spontaneous sudden cardiac arrest.
Power minimization and technology comparisons for digital free-space optoelectronic interconnections (1999)

This paper investigates the design optimization of digital free-space optoelectronic interconnections with a specific goal of minimizing the power dissipation of the overall link, and maximizing the interconnect density. To this end, we discuss a method of minimizing the total power dissipation of an interconnect link at a given bit rate. We examine the impact on the link performance of two competing transmitter technologies, vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) and multiple quantum-well (MQW) modulators and their associated driver-receiver circuits including complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) and bipolar transmitter driver circuits, and p-n junction photodetectors with multistage transimpedance receiver circuits. We use the operating bit-rate and on-chip power dissipation as the main performance measures. Presently, at high bit rates (>800 Mb/s), optimized links based on VCSELs and MQW modulators are comparable in terms of power dissipation. At low bit rates, the VCSEL threshold power dominates. In systems with high bit rates and/or high fan-out, a high slope efficiency is more important for a VCSEL than a low threshold current. The transmitter driver circuit is an important component in a link design, and it dissipates about the same amount of power as that of the transmitter itself. Scaling the CMOS technology from 0.5 /spl mu/m down to 0.1 /spl mu/m brings a 50% improvement in the maximum operating bit rate, which is around 4 Gb/s with 0.1 /spl mu/m CMOS driver and receiver circuits. Transmitter driver circuits implemented with bipolar technology support a much higher operating bandwidth than CMOS technology; they dissipate, however, about twice the electrical power. An aggregate bandwidth in excess of 1 Tb/s-cm/sup 2/ can be achieved in an optimized free-space optical interconnect system using either VCSELs or MQW modulators as its transmitters.
MP09-03 MULTIPARAMETRIC MRI AND FUSION BIOPSY DECREASES DETECTION OF INDOLENT CANCER IN AFRICAN AMERICAN MEN (2016)

regression analysis, a smaller prostate (p0.001) and rising PSA (p0.007) were independent predictors of the presence of PCa in APLs in AA men. Comparative analysis of AA (93/195, 47.7%) versus W/O (100/194, 52%) showed no difference in the rate of APLs (p0.44) or GS distribution (p0.63) despite an overall higher cancer detection rate in AA men, p0.007. In cases where APLs were positive for PCa on FBx, the GS of APL was equal to the highest GS of the entire gland in 82.9% (29/35) of AA and 90.9% (30/33) of W/O. APL GS was in concordance with whole mount pathology at RP 77% (10/13) and 53% (8/15) of the time in AA and W/O men, respectively (Table
Endoscopic ultrasound‐guided cyanoacrylate injection to prevent rebleeding in hepatocellular carcinoma patients with variceal hemorrhage (2020)

Secondary prophylaxis by EUS-CYA reduced rebleeding rate and improved variceal bleeding-free survival in patients with inoperable HCC and variceal bleeding when compared with no SP. Randomized studies are needed to confirm the benefits of EUS-CYA for this difficult-to-treat population.
Wave propagation in an acoustic waveguide for ultrasonic phased arrays (2019)

We present a simulation of an acoustic waveguide array consisting of 64 circular-shaped ducts with equal lengths. The waveguide reduces the acoustic aperture to an effective element pitch of half lambda. In order to optimize the waveguide geometry regarding sound pressure level and time delay between the channels and directivity, we use the acoustic boundary element method of COMSOL Muliphysics 5.4. The main objective for this work, is to simulate and measure the directivity pattern in the far field region based on the wave propagation inside the waveguide in order to extend our previous simulation of ultrasonic phased arrays. The complexity of the model was reduced using two symmetry planes. The wave propagation is calculated in the frequency domain based on the Helmholtz equation. A finite-sized rigid baffle at the acoustic aperture side of the array, identical to the one used in the measurements, is included. Our model allows visualizing the wave propagation in our waveguide. As the geometry intended, all waveguides emit the ultrasound in phase. Due to a different distribution of the normal velocity of the real transducers, the half power beam width differs only 4° and the side lobe level 3 dB compared to measurements.
Genetic analysis of vesicular stomatitis virus–New Jersey from the 1995 outbreak in the western United States (2000)

Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the 1995 VSV-New Jersey belongs to a lineage distinct from that of the 1982 to 1985 viruses that caused previous outbreaks in the western United States. Furthermore, it also is distinct from strains from Central America and from the Georgian Hazelhurst strain.
Tetrasubstituted Olefin Synthesis via a Halogen-Induced 1,2-Silyl Migration (2013)

Key words tetrasubstituted olefins - 1,2-silyl migration - stereoselective synthesis
<title>Electromechanically driven microchopper for integration in microspectrometers based on LIGA technology</title> (1999)

In recent years, microspectrometers made by the LIGA technology for the visible wavelength range have found their way into the market. Opening the wide field of spectral analysis in the infrared range, the concept of a highly transmissive hollow waveguide has been demonstrated successfully. In combination with linear detector arrays, hollow waveguide microspectrometers can be combined into handheld infrared spectrometer systems. The only obstacle to a miniaturized system is the lack of miniaturized light modulators. To solve this problem, a miniaturized light modulator has been developed. It consists of an oscillating stop driven by an electromagnetic actuator. It is made out of permalloy by means of LIGA micromechanics. Its outer dimensions of approx. 3.0 X 3.2 mm<SUP>2</SUP> and a structure height of 280 micrometer allow it to be integrated into the plane of the entrance slit of the microspectrometer of about 20 mm to 30 mm size. The spectrometer has alignment structures to ensure positioning of the oscillating stop close to the entrance slit. This simplifies assembly. The actuator is excited by an hybrid integrated coil fixed by springs snapping into place during assembly. The maximum supply voltage of 5V allows the chopper to be used in low-voltage spectrometer systems, especially in handheld systems. The highest modulation frequency is more than 1 kHz, which is sufficient to work with the lead salt detectors commonly used. In this frequency range, detector noise is greatly attenuated compared to continuous-light operation. The paper contains an outline of the concept of the whole microspectrometer system. Experimental results are discussed to demonstrate the performance of the system.
Process control maps to design an ultra-high strength-ductile steel (2019)

Steel with 2.4–2.5 GPa tensile strength and elongation to fracture of 4.8–5.7%, is produced by designing a novel heat treatment identical to quenching and tempering, in less than a few minutes. Since addition of Si to Fe–Mn steel promotes the austenite stabilisation by carbon enrichment, the elongation to fracture of 0.6C–1.6Si–1.2Mn (wt-%) steel treated by different quenching and partitioning (Q&amp;P) routes is improved. Results demonstrated by process control maps give a good overview of the final microconstituents. By using higher partitioning temperatures, the tempering of martensite, stabilisation of austenite and improvement of the mechanical properties, could effectively be accelerated. This approach results in significant time and cost reduction which makes this heat treatment attractive for industries.
Injection of Externally Generated Ions into an Increasing Trapping Field of a Quadrupole Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer (1997)

Trapping ions injected into a quadrupole ion trap (QIT) by increasing the trapping r.f. voltage on a ring electrode is an effective and widely recognized method of interfacing an ion trap with pulsed ion sources such as matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI). In this paper, the problem of mass discrimination during the injection and trapping of ions by the increasing r.f. field was studied both experimentally and by numerical simulation using SIMION software. For a MALDI/QIT interface design with a remote external ion source described here, experiments with polyethylene glycol (PEG 1000 and PEG 1500) showed little mass discrimination for trapping ions in a wide mass range (500-2000 Dn) for a broad range of experimental conditions, which include kinetic energies of 5-40 eV for the injected ions and an r.f. voltage of 400-4000 Vo-p amplitude ramped at a rate of 30-140 Vo-p mus-1. In the numerical simulation, complex and sharp dependences of the trapping efficiency on the phase of the r.f. voltage and initial kinetic energy of ions were observed. However, after averaging over the r.f. phase and over a reasonable range of kinetic energy, the simulation resulted in relatively constant and high values for the trapping efficiency (normally 0.2-0.3) for any mass and kinetic energy considered, which are consistent with the weak sensitivity to injection parameters observed in the experiment. A simple model for the qualitative description of ion injection and trapping is suggested that relies on phase interaction of injected ions with the r.f. field rather than on collisions with the buffer gas molecules to decrease the ion kinetic energy.
Evaluation of a Staging System for Infected Hip Arthroplasty (2002)

A previously reported staging system for prosthetic joint infection was evaluated in 26 consecutive patients with an infected hip arthroplasty. Six patients were treated by a definitive resection arthroplasty whereas the remaining 20 patients received delayed insertion of another hip arthroplasty. Four of the 20 patients (20%) receiving a new prosthesis had reinfection develop. The only variable in common among the patients who had reinfection was the use of a massive femoral structural allograft at reconstruction. Because of the small number of patients in this study, the power of statistical analysis did not allow definitive determination of the effect of the staging system score with respect to recurrent infection. Based on this study, recommendations can be suggested for addition and deletion of certain variables within the existing staging system. Although the concept of a staging system for treatment of an infected hip arthroplasty is promising, the number of patients required to evaluate the use of a staging system will require a multicenter collaborative study.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Oxime‐Linked Mucin Mimics Containing the Tumor‐Related TN and Sialyl TN Antigens. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Identification and Characterization of Shiga Toxin Type 2 Variants in Escherichia coli Isolates from Animals, Food, and Humans (2008)

There is considerable heterogeneity among the Shiga toxin type 2 (Stx2) toxins elaborated by Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC). One such Stx2 variant, the Stx2d mucus-activatable toxin (Stx2dact), is rendered more toxic by the action of elastase present in intestinal mucus, which cleaves the last two amino acids of the A2 portion of the toxin A subunit. We screened 153 STEC isolates from food, animals, and humans for the gene encoding Stx2dact by using a novel one-step PCR procedure. This method targeted the region of stx(2dact) that encodes the elastase recognition site. The presence of stx(2dact) was confirmed by DNA sequencing of the complete toxin genes. Seven STEC isolates from cows (four isolates), meat (two isolates), and a human (one isolate) that carried the putative stx(2dact) gene were identified; all were eae negative, and none was the O157:H7 serotype. Three of the isolates (CVM9322, CVM9557, and CVM9584) also carried stx(1), two (P1332 and P1334) carried stx(1) and stx(2c), and one (CL-15) carried stx(2c). One isolate, P1130, harbored only stx(2dact). The Vero cell cytotoxicities of supernatants from P1130 and stx(1) deletion mutants of CVM9322, CVM9557, and CVM9584 were increased 13- to 30-fold after treatment with porcine elastase. Thus, Stx2dact-producing strains, as detected by our one-step PCR method, can be isolated not only from humans, as previously documented, but also from food and animals. The latter finding has important public health implications based on a recent report from Europe of a link between disease severity and infection with STEC isolates that produce Stx2dact.
Internet delay effects (1997)

In this paper we report the results of an investigation designed to determine the effects of Internet delays on users perceptions of ease of locating information, organization of information, quality of information, and navigation problems. The results demonstrated user sensitivity to delays. As expected, for text-and-graphics documents, shorter delays provoked more favorable responses. However, for text-only documents, the shorter the delay, the less favorably a document was viewed. The results indicated that users may prefer multi-media web sites but are unwilling to tolerate the substantial network delays often associated with delivering graphics, video, animation, and audio.
Genomics-Driven Precision Medicine for Advanced Pancreatic Cancer: Early Results from the COMPASS Trial (2017)

<b>Purpose:</b> To perform real-time whole genome sequencing (WGS) and RNA sequencing (RNASeq) of advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) to identify predictive mutational and transcriptional features for better treatment selection.<b>Experimental Design:</b> Patients with advanced PDAC were prospectively recruited prior to first-line combination chemotherapy. Fresh tumor tissue was acquired by image-guided percutaneous core biopsy for WGS and RNASeq. Laser capture microdissection was performed for all cases. Primary endpoint was feasibility to report WGS results prior to first disease assessment CT scan at 8 weeks. The main secondary endpoint was discovery of patient subsets with predictive mutational and transcriptional signatures.<b>Results:</b> Sixty-three patients underwent a tumor biopsy between December 2015 and June 2017. WGS and RNASeq were successful in 62 (98%) and 60 (95%), respectively. Genomic results were reported at a median of 35 days (range, 19-52 days) from biopsy, meeting the primary feasibility endpoint. Objective responses to first-line chemotherapy were significantly better in patients with the classical PDAC RNA subtype compared with those with the basal-like subtype (<i>P</i> = 0.004). The best progression-free survival was observed in those with classical subtype treated with m-FOLFIRINOX. <i>GATA6</i> expression in tumor measured by RNA <i>in situ</i> hybridization was found to be a robust surrogate biomarker for differentiating classical and basal-like PDAC subtypes. Potentially actionable genetic alterations were found in 30% of patients.<b>Conclusions:</b> Prospective genomic profiling of advanced PDAC is feasible, and our early data indicate that chemotherapy response differs among patients with different genomic/transcriptomic subtypes. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 24(6); 1344-54. ©2017 AACR</i>.
Abstract LB-238: Immunotransplant filters out regulatory T cells and cures large lymphoma tumors. (2008)

Abstract Background: The potency of transferring ex vivo activated tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes into lymphodepleted recipients has been demonstrated in clinical trials, though the use of in vivo vaccine-primed anti-tumor lymphocytes could make this approach sufficiently feasible for broad clinical application. We previously described a vaccination maneuver against murine B-cell lymphoma combining chemotherapy (CTX) and intra-tumoral injection of an immunostimulant CpG, which induced T-cell immunity and eradicated established tumors. An ongoing clinical trial of this maneuver has demonstrated complete and partial responses in lymphoma patients, though immune-regulatory factors such as regulatory T cells (Tregs) and limiting amounts of “homeostatic” cytokines might block even more powerful antitumor immunity. Transfer of tumor-specific lymphocytes into lymphodepleted recipients may eliminate these immune-regulatory obstacles. Methods: Splenocytes and bone marrow from CpG/CTX vaccinated mice were transplanted into lethally irradiated recipients, i.e., “immunotransplant.” Recipients received high dose tumor challenge with A20 murine B-cell lymphoma and followed clinically for tumor growth and for tumor-specific CD8 T cell IFNγ responses by multi-color flow cytometry. Results: We observed selective filtering against Tregs, doubling of the transferred Teffector:Treg ratio, and preferential expansion of transferred tumor-specific CD8 T cells in immunotransplant recipients. Immunotransplant cures large subcutaneous (&amp;gt;100 mm2) and metastatic tumors in 100% of recipients and enhances tumor-specific T cell memory. The addition of a vaccine “boost” to the immunotransplant maneuver results in an additional 3-fold increase in tumor-specific immunity and the use of cured recipients as subsequent donors in serial immunotransplant experiments demonstrated even greater tumor protection. Conclusions: As hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a standard therapy for lymphoma patients, pre-transplant vaccination followed by post-transplant transfer of tumor-specific T cells could be tested in clinical trials. Our model suggests that this immunotransplant approach would allow the benefit of cancer vaccines to be revealed and might lead to cure of otherwise resistant malignancies.
Superaccurate camera calibration via inverse rendering (2019)

The most prevalent routine for camera calibration is based on the detection of well-defined feature points on a purpose-made calibration artifact. These could be checkerboard saddle points, circles, rings or triangles, often printed on a planar structure. The feature points are first detected and then used in a nonlinear optimization to estimate the internal camera parameters. We propose a new method for camera calibration using the principle of inverse rendering. Instead of relying solely on detected feature points, we use an estimate of the internal parameters and the pose of the calibration object to implicitly render a non-photorealistic equivalent of the optical features. This enables us to compute pixel-wise differences in the image domain without interpolation artifacts. We can then improve our estimate of the internal parameters by minimizing pixel-wise least-squares differences. In this way, our model optimizes a meaningful metric in the image space assuming normally distributed noise characteristic for camera sensors. We demonstrate using synthetic and real camera images that our method improves the accuracy of estimated camera parameters as compared with current state-of-the-art calibration routines. Our method also estimates these parameters more robustly in the presence of noise and in situations where the number of calibration images is limited.