gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Imaging ellipsometry of optical coatings in situ</title> (1994)

A Mueller matrix imaging polarimeter has been developed and demonstrated for characterizing the polarization properties of optical coatings in place in optical systems. This Mueller matrix imaging polarimeter is a form of ellipsometer which measures the polarization characteristics of ray paths through systems in image form. It is a highly versatile instrument capable of making a variety of polarimetric measurements on optical samples or entire optical systems. Two data sets will be presented. The first shows the polarization behavior for example lenses which display the typical Maltese cross variation. The second shows images of polarizing beam splitter behavior as a function of angle of incidence, clearly showing how the plane of polarization as determined by the s- and p-planes rotates for light incident out of the normal plane.
Phenotypic alterations in insulin-deficient mutant mice (1997)

Two mouse insulin genes, Ins1 and Ins2, were disrupted and lacZ was inserted at the Ins2 locus by gene targeting. Double nullizygous insulin-deficient pups were growth-retarded. They did not show any glycosuria at birth but soon after suckling developed diabetes mellitus with ketoacidosis and liver steatosis and died within 48 h. Interestingly, insulin deficiency did not preclude pancreas organogenesis and the appearance of the various cell types of the endocrine pancreas. The presence of lacZ expressing beta cells and glucagon-positive alpha cells was demonstrated by cytochemistry and immunocytochemistry. Reverse transcription-coupled PCR analysis showed that somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide mRNAs were present, although at reduced levels, accounting for the presence also of delta and pancreatic polypeptide cells, respectively. Morphometric analysis revealed enlarged islets of Langherans in the pancreas from insulin-deficient pups, suggesting that insulin might function as a negative regulator of islet cell growth. Whether insulin controls the growth of specific islet cell types and the molecular basis for this action remain to be elucidated.
Micro X-ray Fluorescence for Spatially Resolved Elemental Materials Characterization (2012)

Abstract Not Provided
A novel design approach for an independently tunable dual-band EBG AMC surface (2004)

This work investigates a novel design approach for creating an independently tunable dual-band electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) surface for a use as an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC). The EBG geometry consists of two reactively loaded concentric square loops. The outer loop is used to tune for the first resonance, while the inner loop is used to tune the second resonance. The resonance frequency of each loop is independent of the other and can be tuned down in frequency with capacitors and up in frequency with inductors.
Vitamin C Prevents DNA Mutation Induced by Oxidative Stress (2002)

The precise role of vitamin C in the prevention of DNA mutations is controversial. Although ascorbic acid has strong antioxidant properties, it also has pro-oxidant effects in the presence of free transition metals. Vitamin C was recently reported to induce the decomposition of lipid hydroperoxides independent of metal interactions, suggesting that it may cause DNA damage. To directly address the role of vitamin C in maintaining genomic integrity we developed a genetic system for quantifying guanine base mutations induced in human cells under oxidative stress. The assay utilized a plasmid construct encoding the cDNA for chloramphenicol acetyl transferase modified to contain an amber stop codon, which was restored to wild type by G to T transversion induced by oxidative stress. The mutation frequency was determined from the number of plasmids containing the wild type chloramphenicol acetyl transferase gene rescued from oxidatively stressed cells. Cells were loaded with vitamin C by exposing them to dehydroascorbic acid, thereby avoiding transition metal-related pro-oxidant effects of ascorbic acid. We found that vitamin C loading resulted in substantially decreased mutations induced by H(2)O(2). Depletion of glutathione led to cytotoxicity and an increase in H(2)O(2)-induced mutation frequency; however, mutation frequency was prominently decreased in depleted cells preloaded with vitamin C. The mutation results correlated with a decrease in total 8-oxo-guanine measured in genomic DNA of cells loaded with vitamin C and oxidatively stressed. These findings directly support the concept that high intracellular concentrations of vitamin C can prevent oxidation-induced mutations in human cells.
Measurement of magnetostatic mode excitation and relaxation in permalloy films using scanning Kerr imaging (2004)

This work presents experimental results of magnetostatic mode excitation using scanning Kerr microscopy under continuous sinusoidal excitation in the microwave frequency range. This technique was applied to $100\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$ thick permalloy coupons excited in two different ways. In the first experiment, the uniform (Kittel) mode was excited at frequencies in $2.24--8.00\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{GHz}$. The resonant condition was effectively described with the conventional Kittel mode equation. The LLG damping parameter $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ increased significantly with decreasing bias field. It was confirmed that this increase was caused by multidomain structure and ripple domains formed under weak bias fields, as suggested by other studies. In the second experiment, propagating magnetostatic mode surface waves were excited. They showed an exponential amplitude decay and a linear phase variation with distance from the drive field source, consistent with a decaying plane wave. The Damon-Eshbach (DE) model was extended to include a finite energy damping and used to analyze the results. It was found that the wave number and the decay constant were reasonably well described by the extended DE model. In contrast to the first experiment, no significant variation of $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ with frequency or bias field was seen in this second experiment, where spatial inhomogeneities in the magnetization are less significant.
Phase transitions of a few-electron system in a spherical quantum dot (2002)

The spin configurations of a spherical quantum dot, defined by a three-dimensional (3D) harmonic confinement potential, containing a few Coulomb Fermi particles (electrons or holes) are studied. Quantum transitions involving a spin transformation and a ``cold melting'' (from a Wigner crystal-like state, i.e., from regime of strongly correlated electrons, to a Fermi-liquid-like phase) is driven by the dimensionless quantum control parameter q (which is connected with steepness of the confinement potential) is demonstrated. The pair correlation and radial distribution functions which characterize electronic quantum delocalization are analyzed. The calculations using the unrestricted variational Hartree-Fock method (for the ground state at $T=0 \mathrm{K})$ and the more computer intensive quantum path integral Monte Carlo method (for $T\ensuremath{\ne}0 \mathrm{K})$ are performed and compared. For small q, the ground state of the three electron system is crystal-like and has ${C}_{3}$ symmetry, i.e., the maxima of electron density are located at the nodes of an equilateral triangle. The preferable spin configuration for small q is ``ferromagnetic,'' with total spin $S=3/2.$ As q rises, the widths of the one-electron wave functions grow and become overlapping. At a critical value ${q}_{1}$ the ground state changes from $S=3/2$ to $S=1/2$ and at the same time, asymmetry appears in the triangle (i.e., spontaneous breaking of the ${C}_{3}$ symmetry to ${C}_{2}$ symmetry). At a second critical value ${q}_{2}$ the electron distribution undergoes a symmetry phase transition, from trianglelike (with ${C}_{2}$ symmetry) to axial symmetric (with ${C}_{\ensuremath{\infty}}$ symmetry). As q grows further, we obtain a Fermi-liquid-like (non-interacting) electron configuration in the ground state $(S=1/2).$ In addition, the $S=3/2$ state, at a critical q value (which is slightly larger than ${q}_{1})$ undergoes a dramatic charge redistribution.
Combined ESR and Thermodynamic Studies of the Superoxide Adduct of 5-(Diethoxyphosphoryl)-5-Methyl-1-Pyrroline N-Oxide (DEPMPO):  Hindered Rotation around the O−O Bond Evidenced by Two-Dimensional Simulation of Temperature-Dependent Spectra (2007)

Experiments were performed to elucidate the origin of the superhyperfine structure and line width alternation (LWA) seen in the ESR spectrum of the major diastereoisomer (1) of DEPMPO-OOH, the remarkably persistent superoxide adduct of 5-(diethoxyphosphoryl)-5-methyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DEPMPO). Using selectively deuterated DEPMPO derivatives, we demonstrated that the superhyperfine pattern can be unambiguously attributed to long-range couplings. The recording in pyridine of highly resolved spectra in a wide temperature range, combined with two-dimensional simulation, allowed us to characterize an inverted LWA in 1 and revealed a uniform line broadening in the spectrum of the minor DEPMPO-OOH diastereoisomer (2), with both effects originating from a chemical exchange between conformers. When the individual spectra of 1 presenting LWA in the fast-exchange regime were simulated, four equally good fits were obtained and this ambiguity could be resolved by using a two-dimensional simulation technique. The thermodynamic and kinetic constants of this exchange were consistent with a rotation around the O-O bond. We propose that line broadening effects in 1 and 2 result from this O-O rotation concerted with the pseudo-rotation of the pyrrolidine ring.
CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING FACTOR (CRF): CENTRAL EFFECTS ON MEAN ARTERIAL PRESSURE AND HEART RATE IN RATS. (1982)

Intracerebroventricular administration of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) produces elevations in mean arterial pressure and heart rate in conscious freely-moving rats. Pretreatment with the ganglionic blocker, chlorisondamine, completely prevents the CRF-induced cardiovascular changes. These results suggest that CRF acts within the brain to stimulate sympathetic nervous activity which in turn influences cardiovascular function.
Total Synthesis of Halistatins 1 and 2 (2020)

The first total synthesis of halistatins 1 and 2 has been completed using Cr-mediated coupling reactions for the C11/C12, C17/C18, and C19/C20 bond formation. For the C11/C12 bond formation, a stoichiometric Ni/Cr-mediated reaction is used to couple an α-quaternary aldehyde with a vinyl iodide. The solubilized Cr-reagent, prepared from CrCl<sub>2</sub> and a sulfonamide ligand, allows one to perform the coupling with ∼1 equiv of Cr-reagent. Catalytic, asymmetric Co/Cr-mediated iodoallylation is adopted to incorporate the requisite C17-C19 functionality in a stereoselective manner. Asymmetric Ni/Cr-mediated coupling is used to form the C19/C20 bond effectively. Through this study, it has been found that the stereoselectivity of [5,5]-spiroketalization dramatically depends on solvents; <i>p</i>-toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA) in 1:1 methanol-water gave a >20:1 stereoselectivity favoring the natural series. This condition is also effective to isomerize C38-<i>epi</i>-halichondrins into C38 natural halichondrins.
Multi-spacer technique for low-voltage, high-aspect-ratio lateral electrostatic actuators (2011)

This paper presents low-voltage, high-aspect-ratio scaled lateral electrostatic actuators based on a four-mask multi-spacer process. The set of TEOS spacers, polysilicon hardmask, and buffer LTO layer is chosen as masking materials, resulting in a multi-spacer of LTO-TEOS and a stack of LTO-polysilicon hardmask. These mask sets with a photoresist mask are then transferred to an underlying polysilicon layer, creating high-aspect-ratio (>;5:1) polysilicon structures with sublithographic beam width and gap size. Two types of scaled actuators have been successfully designed and actuated with more than an order of magnitude reduction in actuation voltage compared to the regular process: coupled and decoupled designs of springs and movable electrodes.
Prediction of Broadband Trailing-Edge Noise Based on Blake Model and Amiet Theory (2015)

&lt;p&gt;This paper extends previously published TNO-Blake methods to predict airfoil broadband self-noise due to interaction of a turbulent boundary-layer with a sharp trailing edge. The method presented herein combines Blake’s model to predict surface pressure fluctuations and Amiet model to predict trailing edge noise emission. The Blake method is based on the solution of the Poisson equation as an integral of the mean-shear turbulent source interaction source, over the entire boundary layer thickness. A recent advances in description of streamwise turbulent intensity are employed. Surface pressure spectra are measured with remote microphones and compared to the prediction. In the next step, the wavenumber- frequency spectrum as predicted by the TNO model was utilized as an input to the Amiet model to evaluate the far-field trailing edge noise.&lt;/p&gt;
Asymmetric PS-block-(PS-co-PB)-block-PS block copolymers: morphology formation and deformation behaviour (2004)

Morphology formation and deformation behaviour of asymmetric styrene/butadiene triblock copolymers (total polystyrene (PS) content ∼70%) consisting of PS outer blocks held apart by a styrene-co-butadiene random copolymer block (PS-co-PB) each were investigated. The techniques used were differential scanning calorimetry, transmission electron microscopy, uniaxial tensile testing and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. A significant shift of the phase behaviour relative to that of a neat symmetric triblock copolymer was observed, which can be attributed to the asymmetric architecture and the presence of PS-co-PB as a soft block. The mechanical properties and the microdeformation phenomena were mainly controlled by the nature of their solid-state morphology. Independent of morphology type, the soft phase was found to deform to a significantly higher degree of orientation when compared with the hard phase.
Chimeric antigen receptor‐engineered cytokine‐induced killer cells overcome treatment resistance of pre‐B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and enhance survival (2016)

Pre-emptive cancer immunotherapy by donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) using cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells may be beneficial to prevent relapse with a reduced risk of causing graft-versus-host-disease. CIK cells are a heterogeneous effector cell population including T cells (CD3(+) CD56(-) ), natural killer (NK) cells (CD3(-) CD56(+) ) and natural killer T (T-NK) cells (CD3(+) CD56(+) ) that exhibit non-major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted cytotoxicity and are generated by ex vivo expansion of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in the presence of interferon (IFN)-γ, anti-CD3 antibody, interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interleukin-15 (IL-15). To facilitate selective target-cell recognition and enhance specific cytotoxicity against B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), we transduced CIK cells with a lentiviral vector encoding a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) that carries a composite CD28-CD3ζ domain for signaling and a CD19-specific scFv antibody fragment for cell binding (CAR 63.28.z). In vitro analysis revealed high and specific cell killing activity of CD19-targeted CIK/63.28.z cells against otherwise CIK-resistant cancer cell lines and primary B-ALL blasts, which was dependent on CD19 expression and CAR signaling. In a xenograft model in immunodeficient mice, treatment with CIK/63.28.z cells in contrast to therapy with unmodified CIK cells resulted in complete and durable molecular remissions of established primary pre-B-ALL. Our results demonstrate potent antileukemic activity of CAR-engineered CIK cells in vitro and in vivo, and suggest this strategy as a promising approach for adoptive immunotherapy of refractory pre-B-ALL.
A robust machine code proof framework for highly secure applications (2006)

Security-critical applications at the highest Evaluation Assurance Levels (EAL) require formal proofs of correctness in order to achieve certification. To support secure application development at the highest EALs, we have developed techniques to largely automate the process of producing proofs of correctness of machine code. As part of the Secure, High-Assurance Development Environment program, we have produced in ACL2 an executable formal model of the Rockwell Collins AAMP7G microprocessor at the instruction set level, in order to facilitate proofs of correctness about that processor's machine code. The AAMP7G, currently in use in Rockwell Collins secure system products, supports strict time and space partitioning in hardware, and has received a U.S. National Security Agency (NSA) Multiple Independent Levels of Security (MILS) certificate based in part on a formal proof of correctness of its separation kernel microcode. Proofs of correctness of AAMP7G machine code are accomplished using the method of "compositional cutpoints", which requires neither traditional clock functions nor a Verification Condition Generator (VCG). In this paper, we will summarize the AAMP7G architecture, detail our ACL2 model of the processor, and describe our development of the compositional cutpoint method into a robust machine code proof framework.
Immunogenicity of adjuvanted plant-produced SARS-CoV-2 Beta spike VLP vaccine in New Zealand white rabbits (2023)

The outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 global pandemic heightened the pace of vaccine development with various vaccines being approved for human use in a span of 24 months. The SARS-CoV-2 trimeric spike (S) surface glycoprotein, which mediates viral entry by binding to ACE2, is a key target for vaccines and therapeutic antibodies. Plant biopharming is recognized for its scalability, speed, versatility, and low production costs and is an increasingly promising molecular pharming vaccine platform for human health. We developed Nicotiana benthamiana-produced SARS-CoV-2 virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine candidates displaying the S-protein of the Beta (B.1.351) variant of concern (VOC), which triggered cross-reactive neutralising antibodies against Delta (B.1.617.2) and Omicron (B.1.1.529) VOCs. In this study, immunogenicity of the VLPs (5 µg per dose) adjuvanted with three independent adjuvants i.e. oil-in-water based adjuvants SEPIVAC SWE<sup>TM</sup> (Seppic, France) and "AS IS" (Afrigen, South Africa) as well as a slow-release synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) adjuvant designated NADA (Disease Control Africa, South Africa) were evaluated in New Zealand white rabbits and resulted in robust neutralising antibody responses after booster vaccination, ranging from 1:5341 to as high as 1:18204. Serum neutralising antibodies elicited by the Beta variant VLP vaccine also showed cross-neutralisation against the Delta and Omicron variants with neutralising titres ranging from 1:1702 and 1:971, respectively. Collectively, these data provide support for the development of a plant-produced VLP based candidate vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 based on circulating variants of concern.
DoF Region of the MISO BC with Partial CSIT: Proof by Inductive Fourier-Motzkin Elimination (2019)

We provide a fresh perspective on the problem of characterizing the DoF region of the K-user MISO BC with arbitrary levels of partial CSIT. In a previous achievability proof, Piovano and Clerckx characterized all faces describing a polyhedral outer bound region, and then with the aid of mathematical induction, prescribed a scheme based on rate-splitting with flexible assignment of common DoF and power levels to achieve each such face. We propose an alternative approach in which we deal directly with the region achievable through rate-splitting and employ a Fourier-Motzkin procedure to eliminate all auxiliary variables, hence reducing the achievable region to the known outer bound. A key insight emerging from our proof is that tuning only one power variable, as well as assigning the common DoF, is sufficient to achieve the entire DoF region, as opposed to K power variables previously employed.
Implementation Methodologies of Deep Learning-Based Signal Detection for Conventional MIMO Transmitters (2019)

In this paper, simple methodologies of deep learning application to conventional multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication systems are presented. The deep learning technologies with deep neural network (DNN) structure, emerging technologies in various engineering areas, have been actively investigated in the field of communication engineering as well. In the physical layer of conventional communication systems, there are practical challenges of application of DNN: calculating complex number in DNN and designing proper DNN structure for a specific communication system model. This paper proposes and verifies simple solutions for the difficulty. First, we apply a basic DNN structure for signal detection of one-tap MIMO channel. Second, convolutional neural network (CNN) and recurrent neural network (RNN) structures are presented for MIMO system with multipath fading channel. Our DNN structure for one-tap MIMO channel can achieve the optimal maximum likelihood detection performance, and furthermore, our CNN and RNN structures for multipath fading channel can detect the transmitted signal properly.
Fluorescence quenching of methyl‐2‐aminobenzoate in the presence of beta‐cyclodextrin: A model for the dynamic quenching of chromophores in hydrophobic regions of biopolymers (1980)

Abstract The binding constant of methyl‐2‐aminobenzoate to beta‐cyclodextrin was determined by fluorescence titration to be 92.1 M −1 at 25°C in pH 7 buffer. Beta‐cyclodextrin dramatically protects methyl‐2‐aminobenzoate against quenching by iodate and protects, though much less efficiently, against the smaller quencher, iodide. The observed decrease in fluorescence lifetime of the methyl‐2‐aminobenzoate‐beta‐cyclodextrin complex on addition of quencher indicates that the quenching mechanism is collisional (dynamic). The dependence of quenching rate on solvent viscosity is less than expected from simple theoretical considerations. However, the extent of beta‐cyclodextrin protection is essentially viscosity‐independent. These model studies show the usefulness of iodate as a quencher and encourage further attempts at quantitative interpretation of quenching studies on chromophores attached to biopolymers.
Ovine Tests of a Novel Spinal Cord Neuromodulator and Dentate Ligament Fixation Method (2012)

We demonstrated that the dural attachment method is an effective surrogate model for testing the human dentate ligament device fixation technique, and that this mode of fixation was preferable to dorsal arc attachment. The relevant surgical innovations, anatomical findings, and the preliminary electrophysiological data from a pial surface stimulator attached in this way are presented.