gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CVD Growth of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes with Narrow Diameter Distribution over Fe/MgO Catalyst and Their Fluorescence Spectroscopy (2005)

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with a narrow diameter distribution are synthesized by thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of methane over Fe/MgO catalyst on the basis of parametric study considering Fe loading, reaction temperature and time, methane concentration, and structure of a support material. We found that the porous MgO support gives the SWNTs with a narrow diameter distribution with the mean diameter and standard deviation of 0.93 and 0.06 nm, respectively, only when the Fe loading and reaction temperature are relatively low. The higher Fe loading and/or the higher reaction temperature enlarged the nanotube diameter, forming double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWNTs) in addition to SWNTs. This result indicates that only the diameter of Fe nanoparticles determines the growth of either SWNTs or DWNTs on the MgO support. The fluorescence and absorption spectra of the nanotube dispersion in D(2)O solution with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) were studied to identify their chirality distribution. The fluorescence of the uniform-diameter SWNTs indicates the formation of the near armchair structures. On the other hand, the SWNTs synthesized over the catalyst with a high Fe loading, 3 wt %, showed a wide chirality distribution including the near zigzag structure. The synthesis of the SWNTs with a narrow diameter distribution could be applied to the selection of SWNTs with a specific chirality based on postsynthesis separation.
Adrenal involvement in MEN1. Analysis of 715 cases from the Groupe d'étude des Tumeurs Endocrines database (2011)

Adrenal pathology in MEN1 differs from that observed in sporadic incidentalomas. In the absence of relevant symptoms, endocrine biology can be restricted to patients with adrenal tumours and should focus on steroid secretion including the aldosterone-renin system. MEN1 is a high-risk condition for the occurrence of ACCs. It should be considered regardless of the size of the tumour.
Field Experience with a New Carbon/Oxygen Logging System in Complex Wellbore and Formation Conditions (2001)

Abstract Carbon/oxygen (C/O) tools have been designed for helping evaluate reservoirs under relatively simple conditions, such as cased wells with tubing removed and a single fluid present and reservoirs that have relatively high formation porosity. However, to reduce costs, tubing is often not pulled and wellbore conditioning is minimized. A new generation of small-diameter C/O tools capable of logging through-tubing has therefore been developed to deal with these circumstances. Logging through-tubing, despite its advantages, presents its own set of problems. Obtaining reliable measurements is often highly challenging because of different tubulars, various borehole fluids, and multiple contacts in a single well. A new high-resolution C/O system has recently been developed for use under such complex conditions, specifically in tubing of 2⅞-in. and larger diameters with various fluids in the tubing/casing/formation. The tool has been run successfully in borehole conditions with wells flowing and shut-in. Sometimes the conditions included multiple wellbore contacts of gas, oil, and water within casing and multiple contacts in a tubing/casing annulus. Despite the various and changing borehole environments encountered by this tool, advanced electronics and detector designs, careful characterization, and comprehensive software have resulted in high-quality measurements. This paper illustrates performance of the new C/O system under extremely inhospitable conditions in the Asia-Pacific area. Conditions include multiple contacts with water, oil, and gas in the borehole, as well as multiple contacts with water, oil, and gas in the tubing/casing annulus. Furthermore, reservoir porosity in the subject borehole was in the low range of 8 to 15%, where success with C/O logs has previously been minimal. Nevertheless, the tool obtained extremely useful data that provided an accurate assessment of the reservoir conditions, and thus allowed decisions to be made for secondary workovers and other reservoir product management remedies.
Effect of Silicon Wafer In Situ Cleaning on the Chemical Structure of Ultrathin Silicon Oxide Film (1991)

The effect of silicon wafer in situ cleaning on the chemical structures of thermally grown silicon oxide films was studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy. After the silicon wafer in situ cleaning was performed by the decomposition of native oxides in high vacuum, the nearly 1.6-nm-thick thermal oxides were formed in dry oxygen at 800°C. If the heating time for the decomposition of native oxides was too short, intermediate states transformed from native oxides were found to remain on the surface of the oxide films. On the other hand, if the heating time was too long, the amount of intermediate states at the interface was found to increase as a result of the increase in interface roughness. The optimum condition for in situ cleaning is heating at 900°C for 30 minutes in high vacuum.
TRPA1 modulation by piperidine carboxamides suggests an evolutionarily conserved binding site and gating mechanism (2019)

The transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channel functions as an irritant sensor and is a therapeutic target for treating pain, itch, and respiratory diseases. As a ligand-gated channel, TRPA1 can be activated by electrophilic compounds such as allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) through covalent modification or activated by noncovalent agonists through ligand binding. However, how covalent modification leads to channel opening and, importantly, how noncovalent binding activates TRPA1 are not well-understood. Here we report a class of piperidine carboxamides (PIPCs) as potent, noncovalent agonists of human TRPA1. Based on their species-specific effects on human and rat channels, we identified residues critical for channel activation; we then generated binding modes for TRPA1-PIPC interactions using structural modeling, molecular docking, and mutational analysis. We show that PIPCs bind to a hydrophobic site located at the interface of the pore helix 1 (PH1) and S5 and S6 transmembrane segments. Interestingly, this binding site overlaps with that of known allosteric modulators, such as A-967079 and propofol. Similar binding sites, involving π-helix rearrangements on S6, have been recently reported for other TRP channels, suggesting an evolutionarily conserved mechanism. Finally, we show that for PIPC analogs, predictions from computational modeling are consistent with experimental structure-activity studies, thereby suggesting strategies for rational drug design.
Quality Control Practices for Chemistry and Immunochemistry in a Cohort of 21 Large Academic Medical Centers (2018)

This variation in practice indicates an opportunity exists to establish an evidence-based approach to QC that can be generalized across institutions.
Carbon Dioxide as a C1 Building Block for the Formation of Carboxylic Acids by Formal Catalytic Hydrocarboxylation (2013)

A happy marriage of two processes: An effective catalytic system was identified for the direct synthesis of carboxylic acids from non-activated olefins or alcohols, CO2, and H2. Detailed analysis together with labeling studies indicated that the overall hydrocarboxylation of simple olefins results from a combination of the reverse water–gas shift (rWGS) reaction and a hydroxycarbonylation step, each promoted by a rhodium catalyst (see scheme). As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Nonlinearity-tolerant time domain hybrid modulation for 4-8 bits/symbol based on 2A8PSK (2017)

We propose time domain hybrid modulation to cover 4-8 bits/symbol range, based on 5, 6, and 7 bits/symbol 4D-2A8PSK. Simulation results indicate that they have up to 1.6 dB higher span loss budget than the hybrid modulation based on conventional modulation formats in nonlinear channels.
Table S4 from Distinct Mechanisms of Mismatch-Repair Deficiency Delineate Two Modes of Response to Anti–PD-1 Immunotherapy in Endometrial Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table S4: Metadata annotations for the scRNA-seq dataset.&lt;/p&gt;
Structural and Magnetoelectrical Properties of MFe2O4 (M = Co, Ni, Cu, Mg, and Zn) Ferrospinels Synthesized via an Egg-White Biotemplate (2021)

Nanocrystalline metal ferrites (MFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, M = Co, Ni, Cu, Mg, and Zn) were successfully synthesized via autocombustion synthesis using egg white. X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements revealed the crystallization of the entire ferrites either in the tetragonal structure, such as in the case of CuFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, or cubic spinels such as in other studied ferrites. The Fourier transform infrared spectral study revealed the characteristic vibration bands of ferrites. Compared to other synthesis methods, the observed variation in the obtained structural parameters could be due to the different cation distribution of the prepared ferrites. In agreement with XRD measurements, the transmission electron microscopy images showed agglomerated particles with cubic morphology for all ferrites. On the other hand, CuFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> showed tetragonal morphology. The magnetization values were found to vary with the type of the metal ion, and CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> showed the highest one (42.8 emu/g). Generally, the lower magnetization values obtained than those reported in the literature for all studied ferrites could be attributed to the smaller particle sizes or the cation redistribution. The obtained coercivity values are observed to be higher than their related values in the literature, exhibiting the impact of the present synthesis route. Ac-conductivity as a function of temperature and frequency indicated semiconducting properties with the observed change in the conduction mechanism by increasing the temperature. The obtained low dielectric constant values could suggest using the entire ferrites in high-frequency applications such as microwave devices.
Organization domain modeling (ODM) (1995)

Researchers and practitioners are looking for systematic ways of comparing domain analysis (DA) methods. Comparisons have often focused on linkage between DA methods and related technologies such as systems modeling. Less attention has been paid to comparing DA methods in terms of certian core methodological issues, including problems of scoping, contextualizing, descriptive vs. prescriptive modeling, and formalized models of variability. This paper presents key aspects of Organization Domain Modeling (ODM), a systematic domain analysis method structured in terms of a core domain modeling life cycle directly addressing these methodological concerns.
FEWER SUBSEQUENT REVISIONS WITH MODULAR DUAL-MOBILITY CONSTRUCTS THAN LARGE FEMORAL HEADS IN REVISION TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTIES AT TEN YEARS (2023)

There is a paucity of mid-term data on modular dual-mobility (MDM) constructs versus large (≥40 mm) femoral heads (LFH) in revision total hip arthroplasties (THAs). The purpose of this study was to update our prior series at 10 years, with specific emphasis on survivorships free of re-revision for dislocation, any re-revision, and dislocation. We identified 300 revision THAs performed at a single tertiary care academic institution from 2011 to 2014. Aseptic loosening of the acetabular component (n=65), dislocation (n=59), and reimplantation as part of a two-stage exchange protocol (n=57) were the most common reasons for index revision. Dual-mobility constructs were used in 124 cases, and LFH were used in 176 cases. Mean age was 66 years, mean BMI was 31 kg/m 2 , and 45% were female. Mean follow-up was 7 years. The 10-year survivorship free of re-revision for dislocation was 97% in the MDM cohort and 91% in the LFH cohort with a significantly increased risk of re-revision for dislocation in the LFH cohort (HR 5.2; p=0.03). The 10-year survivorship free of any re-revision was 90% in the MDM cohort and 84% in the LFH cohort with a significantly increased risk of any re-revision in the LFH cohort (HR 2.5; p=0.04). The 10-year survivorship free of any dislocation was 92% in the MDM cohort and 87% in the LFH cohort. There was a trend towards an increased risk of any dislocation in the LFH cohort (HR 2.3; p=0.06). In this head-to-head comparison, revision THAs using MDM constructs had a significantly lower risk of re-revision for dislocation compared to LFH at 10 years. In addition, there was a trend towards lower risk of any dislocation. Level of Evidence: IV
The Mechanisms of Mobilization of Hematopoietic Stem Cell and Progenitor Cell by HGF. (2005)

Abstract The mechanisms of mobilization of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) from bone marrow (BM) to peripheral blood (PB) by cytokines are poorly understood. The number of circulating HSC can be dramatically increased, or mobilized, by a wide variety of stimuli including hematopoietic growth factors, chemotherapy, and chemokines. Recent studies suggest that hematopoietic proteases, such as matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), enable BM repopulating cells to translocate to circulating pool. In this study we investigated the mechanism of stem cell mobilization by the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). First, we examined the effects of exogenous HGF on mobilizing HSC from BM to PB. To investigate engraftment of the mobilized cells from BM, 0.1mg/kg HGF was injected into Ly-5.1 mice every 24 hours for 4 days. Lin− cells in PB were collected 3 hours after the last injection of HGF and then injected into lethally-irradiated Ly-5.2 C57BL/6 mice. Two months after transplantation, the level of engraftment was assessed by analysis of donor (Ly-5.1) cells in the nucleated cells of the PB of recipient mice. The mean percentage of donor cells in mice transplanted was 1.8%, whereas that in the mice transplanted with untreated PB cells was 0%. Second, we investigated the mechanisms of HSC-mobilization by HGF from BM to PB. After determining through RT-PCR analysis that Lin− BM cells express the tyrosine kinase receptor c-met and that Lin− CD34− c-kit+ Sca-1+ BM cells does not express c-met, we speculated that the HGF/c-Met involved in HSC mobilization, focusing on the stromal cells. The murine stromal cells were cultured and stimulated with HGF under a serum-free medium condition. Phosphorylation of c-Met protein and activation of stem cell factor (SCF) in stromal cells were induced after HGF treatment. However, MMP-9 was not simultaneously activated after the HGF stimulation. The levels of SCF in supernatant began to increase 1 hour after HGF-stimulation. These in vitro data suggest that HGF can effectively promote the release of SCF from stromal cells, resulting in the mobilization effect of HGF. Third, to investigate engraftment of the mobilized cells by HGF, G-CSF, or PBS in male MMP-9 −/− mice, PB mononuclear cells were collected from HGF-, G-CSF-, or PBS-treated male MMP-9−/− mice, and then injected into lethally-irradiated female wild-type mice. Two months after transplantation, the presence of Sry gene in BM in transplanted female mice was confirmed by PCR analysis, showing the existence of the chimera. We found the Sry gene in the mice transplanted with PB cells from HGF- and G-CSF-treated mice, but not in the mice transplanted with PBS-treated PB cells. HGF and G-CSF can mobilize HSC from BM to PB in MMP-9−/− mice. These findings demonstrate that stem cells with long-term engraftment capabilities can be mobilized by HGF, and that the activation of SCF induced by HGF/c-Met from stromal cells is involved in the mobilization mechanisms of HGF but not MMP-9.
Active measurement for multiple link failure diganosis in IP networks (2004)

Simultaneous link failures are common in IP networks \\cite{Markopoulou04}. In this paper, we develop a technique for locating multiple failures in Service Provider or Enterprise IP networks using active measurement. We propose a two-phased approach that minimizes both the additional traffic due to probe messages and the measurement infrastructure costs. In the first phase, using elements from max-plus algebra theory, we show that the optimal set of probes can be determined in polynomial time, and we provide an algorithm to find this optimal set of probes. In the second phase, given the optimal set of probes, we compute the location of a minimal set of measurement points (beacons) that can generate these probes. We show that the beacon placement problem is NP-hard and propose a constant factor approximation algorithm for this problem. We then apply our algorithms to existing ISP networks using topologies inferred by the Rocketfuel tool \\cite{Spring02:1}. We study in particular the difference between the number of probes and beacons that are required for multiple and single failure(s) diagnosis.
Subtrochanteric fractures after long-term treatment with bisphosphonates: a European Society on Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis, and International Osteoporosis Foundation Working Group Report (2010)

Bisphosphonate use may be associated with atypical subtrochanteric fractures, but the case is unproven and requires further research. Were the case to be proven, the risk-benefit ratio still remains favourable for use of bisphosphonates to prevent fractures.
ANATOMICAL VARIATIONS IN THE MENISCOFEMORAL LIGAMENTS (2002)

Aim: To accurately identify the meniscofemoral ligaments in cadaveric human specimens, and to determine anatomical variations in the posterior cruciate ligament that may lead to mis-identification of these structures.

Methods: A total of 79 fresh frozen knees were examined from 45 cadavers Combined anterior and posterior approaches were used to inspect the vicinity of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) for the presence of the anterior and posterior meniscofemoral ligaments. The anterior approach utilised a medial parapatellar incision followed by division of the anterior cruciate ligament, whilst a midline posterior arthrotomy was used for the posterior approach. Further dissection facilitated inspection of the meniscal and femoral attachments of the MFLs, and measurement of their lengths. Videos of MFL and PCL motion during passive flexion of the cadaveric were also performed.

Results: In total, 74 (94%) of the 79 specimens contained at least one meniscofemoral ligament. The posterior meniscofemoral ligament (pMFL) was present in 56 (71%) specimens, whilst the anterior meniscofemoral ligament (aMFL) was present in 58 specimens (73%). Both ligaments coexisted in 40 (51%) of knees. In 15 specimens the PCL was seen to have oblique fibres, which attached proximal to the tibial attachment of the main part of the PCL. We termed this “the false pMFL”, as it could be easily mis-identified as the posterior meniscofemoral ligament. Several other anatomical variations were also identified. The mean length of the aMFL was 20.7±3.9mm, whilst that of the pMFL was 23±4.2mm. Although the lengths of the MFLs were relatively constant, there was a wide variation in thickness.

Discussion: This study confirms the high incidence of at least one MFL in humans, which suggests a functional role for these structures. The oblique fibres of the PCL can be readily mis-identfied as the pMFL. These caveats should be borne in mind, during both arthroscopic examination and in the interpretation of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of the knee. Although some variations of the MFLs have been reported on MRI imaging2, there has been no note of the oblique fibres of the PCL reported in the present study. As this variation was present in almost one in five of our specimens, its appearance on MRI scanning requires investigation.

The function of the meniscofemoral ligaments is undetermined, although many hypotheses comment on a role in guiding the motion of the lateral meniscus during knee flexion. Other possibilities include a function as a secondary restraint supplementing the posterior cruciate ligament.
Photonic Measurement of Broadband Microwave Bursts (2018)

We report a photonic-assisted system for broadband microwave burst measurements. By deploying a dual coherent electro-optical comb and optical storage, wavelength and time-division multiplexings are enabled simultaneously to offer broad bandwidth and fast acquisition speed. The detection of short-duration frequency hopping microwave signals with up to 8 GHz bandwidth is demonstrated using the proof-of-concept experimental setup.
Attenuated Inftuenza Virus in Nonnal Adults: Role of Pulmonary Function Studies in Vaccine Trials (1976)

A live attenuated virus, influenza A/Hong Kong/68(H3N2)-ts-1[E], was administered to 10 normal volunteers. Infection resulted in minor upper respiratory tract symptoms in one volunteer. An isolate from one volunteer contained a presumed revertant wild-type virus, but no clinical significance could be ascribed to this infection. Since infection with natural influenza A virus adversely affects airway dynamics, serial tests of pulmonary function were performed, including measurements of forced expiratory flow rates, lung volumes, diffusing capacity, closing volume, and total pulmonary resistance at various frequencies by the oscillometric technique. All tests performed before and on days 3, 30, and 60 after administration of virus yielded normal results throughout the study; these results suggested that there was no inflammatory response to the candidate vaccine in either the large or the small airways. Determination of total pulmonary resistance by the oscillometric technique proved to be a simple and acceptable procedure and may be useful in large-scale epidemiologic studies.
Pre-erythrocytic Activity of M5717 in Monotherapy and Combination in Preclinical Plasmodium Infection Models (2022)

Combination therapies have emerged to mitigate <i>Plasmodium</i> drug resistance, which has hampered the fight against malaria. M5717 is a potent multistage antiplasmodial drug under clinical development, which inhibits parasite protein synthesis. The combination of M5717 with pyronaridine, an inhibitor of hemozoin formation, displays potent activity against blood stage <i>Plasmodium</i> infection. However, the impact of this therapy on liver infection by <i>Plasmodium</i> remains unknown. Here, we employed a recently described 3D culture-based hepatic infection platform to evaluate the activity of the M5717-pyronaridine combination against hepatic infection by <i>P. berghei</i>. This effect was further confirmed <i>in vivo</i> by employing the C57BL/6J rodent <i>Plasmodium</i> infection model. Collectively, our data demonstrate that pyronaridine potentiates the activity of M5717 against <i>P. berghei</i> hepatic development. These preclinical results contribute to the validation of pyronaridine as a suitable partner drug for M5717, supporting the clinical evaluation of this novel antiplasmodial combination therapy.