gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular Pathology (2015)

This practical manual provides a comprehensive yet concise guide to state-of-the-art molecular techniques and their applications. It starts with an overview of the essential principles of molecular techniques, followed by separate chapters detailing the use of these techniques in particular tissues and organs, and describing recommended treatment plans. Each chapter covers the tests available, their advantages, limitations, and use as diagnostic and prognostic tools, with key learning points at the end of each topic. Using both histologic and cytologic samples, it discusses how to interpret test results in a pathologic context and enables trainees and practising pathologists to gain an in-depth understanding of molecular diagnostic techniques and how to incorporate them into routine diagnostic practice. Aiding the daily practice of refining diagnosis, as well as offering a didactic approach, this book is an essential reference for practising pathologists and cytopathologists as well as trainees in pathology.
A 112-Gb/s PAM-4 Low-Power Nine-Tap Sliding-Block DFE in a 7-nm FinFET Wireline Receiver (2021)

Practical realization of decision feedback equalizers (DFEs) has to date been limited to at most two taps in 100-Gb/s long-reach (LR) wireline applications due to significant power, area, and timing costs. This article presents a systolic many-tap low-complexity sliding-block decision feedback equalizer (SB-DFE) that overcomes the implementation challenges of conventional DFEs with no performance loss. A nine-tap configuration is demonstrated in a 112-Gb/s analog-to-digital converter (ADC)-digital signal processing (DSP) four-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-4) LR wireline receiver implemented in 7-nm FinFET. The architecture partitions the received signal into overlapping but computationally independent blocks thereby breaking the feedback loop of the DFE and allowing logic pipelining. Unlike existing feedback-breaking techniques, the computational overhead of the SB-DFE can be made arbitrarily small for any tap count—indeed, we show the practicality of SB-DFE implementations exceeding 30 taps. Optimized pipeline cuts are employed to minimize the latency through the SB-DFE while maintaining timing margin. The nine-tap SB-DFE is paired with a five-precursor tap feedforward equalizer (FFE) and compared to a two-tap-DFE 15-tap-FFE reference DSP implemented in the same receiver. A bit error rate of 2 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−12</sup> is measured over a 36-dB loss channel—at least an order-of-magnitude reduction compared to the reference DSP. Power is reduced by 0.33 pJ/b. DSP gate area is reduced by 30%. Noise tolerance is improved by 0.2-mV <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">RMS</sub> . Error-free operation is demonstrated on an RS(544,514) KP4 forward error correction (FEC)-encoded link even when the DFE tap values are manually stressed. Techniques for further reduction in complexity are described.
100% fluorescence efficiency of 4,4′-bis[(N-carbazole)styryl]biphenyl in a solid film and the very low amplified spontaneous emission threshold (2005)

We examined the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) characteristics of fluorescent styrylbenzene derivatives doped into a 4,4′-di(N-carbazolyl)biphenyl (CBP) host. In particular, 4,4′-bis[(N-carbazole)styryl]biphenyl (BSB-Cz) demonstrated an extremely low ASE threshold of Eth=0.32±0.05μJ∕cm2. We observed that the 6 wt %-BSB-Cz:CBP film has an ultimate photoluminescence (PL) quantum efficiency of ϕPL=100% and a short transient lifetime of τf=1.0±0.1ns, leading to a large radiative decay rate of kr=1×109s−1. We demonstrated that the extremely low ASE threshold originated from the large radiative decay rate of BSB-Cz.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of a 1,3,5‐Benzotriazepine‐2,4‐dione Based Library. (2012)

Abstract In order to develop selective pyrathyroid hormone‐1‐receptor antagonists the cyclocondensation of functionalized o‐phenylenediamines (I) with phenyl isocyanatoformate is described to synthesize 1,3,5‐benzotriazepinediones.
Bulk Carbon Nanotube/Nanofiber Compositions from Solid-State Synthetic Routes as Anode Materials for Li-Ion Batteries (2008)

Abstract not Available.
Partial Discharge and Cross Interference Phenomena in a Three-phase Construction (2009)

This paper deals with partial discharge measurement and partial discharge characteristics on a three-phase construction. A simplified model of three-phase gas insulated switchgear is used in the experiment to simulate three-phase electric field in three-phase equipment. A particle was adhered on the different positions on the conductor and on the tank to produce partial discharge. Partial discharge signals flowing on three phase conductors were measured simultaneously with three high frequency current transformers clamped on the three- phase lines through capacitive voltage divider. Partial discharge signals induced on the enclosure were measured with the current transformer and the detecting impedance. The circuit was calibrated and examined by injecting known charges from a pulse calibrator to some points in the circuit. The calibration results indicate that measuring partial discharge signals only at the enclosure or on one of the phases of three phase construction will result in the position dependent sensitivity for partial discharges. Experimental results show that partial discharge inception voltages of a particle adhered on different position differed depended on the particle position. Phase of partial discharge inception voltage also depended on the particle position. Experimental results show that partial discharge caused by a particle on one phase conductor was induced and detected on the other phase conductors. Polarity and magnitude of discharge current flowing on each phase depended on the particle position. Each particle at different position generated discharge current which flowed on each phase so that the magnitude ratios of the currents flowing on each phase were unique for each particle. These results were discussed with considering electric field characteristic in three-phase construction and coupling capacitance between three-phase conductors and between the conductors and the tank.
Interconnection delays in hierarchical timing simulation (2003)

A simple and efficient method has been developed for computing interconnection delays in an event-driven hierarchical simulator, when multiple driving sources are present. The theory is based on T.M. Lin and C.A. Mead's algorithm (see IEEE Trans. Comput.-Aided Design, vol. CAD-5, p.188-197, 1986) for computing delays in general RC networks by converting them to trees using node splitting. However, their algorithm requires iteration to solve the resulting linear system of equations. The present technique requires no iteration and yet gives the same results. The accuracy improves as technology is scaled down and when interconnection delays dominate.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
CIM: A Reliable Metric for Evaluating Program Phase Classifications (2007)

We propose the use of the confidence interval of estimated mean (CIM), a metric based on statistical sampling theory, to evaluate the quality of a given phase classification and for comparing different phase classification schemes. Previous research on phase classification used the weighted average of coefficient of variation (CoV <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">wa</sub> ) to estimate phase classification quality. We found that the phase quality indicated by CoV <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">wa</sub> could be inconsistent across different phase classifications. We explain the reasons behind this inconsistency and demonstrate the inconsistency using data from several SPEC CPU2000 benchmark programs. We show that the confidence interval of estimated mean (CIM) correctly estimates the quality of phase classification with a meaningful statistical interpretation.
NONLINEAR TRANSMISSION OF PHOTOSENSITIVE CHOLESTERIC LIQUID CRYSTALS DUE TO SPECTRAL BANDWIDTH AUTO-TUNING OR RESTORATION (2007)

Cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs) which possess a periodicity in the visible portion of the spectra, exhibit selective reflection of circularly polarized light. The ability to modulate this color through a variety of means has been explored, including work which incorporated azobenzene LCs. Two types of systems have recently been explored utilizing wavelength-specific cis-trans isomerization processes, which enable unprecedented photosensitivity. The first system exhibits large blue or red-shifted changes in reflection wavelength upon visible irradiation. The second system exploits the metastable, long-lived photoinduced isotropic state, whose return to the reflective Grandjean texture can be induced by wavelength-specific radiation. We demonstrate nonlinear transmission from both types of systems, starting with submicrowatt power levels and spanning over four orders of magnitude dynamic range. The power dependence and temporal evolution of this effect (10–100 ms) is documented here for red or green laser wavelengths. The effect for the former case is due to bandgap auto-tuning, when the laser beam is tuning the CLC Bragg reflection band to its own wavelength. For the latter case, autonomous, optical feedback due to bandgap restoration is the cause of the nonlinear transmission properties.
BOND-LENGTH FLUCTUATIONS IN TRANSITION-METAL OXIDES (2005)

The several origins of bond-length fluctuations found in transition-metal oxides are illustrated by specific examples. Special emphasis is given to the first-order character of the transition from localized to itinerant electronic behavior, which occurs where the operative bonding has a double-well potential energy. This first-order transition is a general phenomenon applying to single-valent and mixed-valent systems with either cation-cation or cation-anion-cation operative bonding. A transition from bond-length fluctuations to long-range ordering of the bond character is found below a T t where T t is too low for phase separation by atomic diffusion. Where Jahn–Teller site distortions or low-spin to higher-spin site excitations are also present, competitive bond ordering can give complex phase diagrams.
Concise Synthesis of Tunicamycin V and Discovery of a Cytostatic DPAGT1 Inhibitor (2022)

Abstract A short total synthesis of tunicamycin V ( 1 ), a non‐selective phosphotransferase inhibitor, is achieved via a Büchner–Curtius–Schlotterbeck type reaction. Tunicamycin V can be synthesized in 15 chemical steps from D‐galactal with 21 % overall yield. The established synthetic scheme is operationally very simple and flexible to introduce building blocks of interest. The inhibitory activity of one of the designed analogues 28 against human dolichyl‐phosphate N ‐acetylglucosaminephosphotransferase 1 (DPAGT1) is 12.5 times greater than 1 . While tunicamycins are cytotoxic molecules with a low selectivity, the novel analogue 28 displays selective cytostatic activity against breast cancer cell lines including a triple‐negative breast cancer.
Towards CEP-stabilized, high-power, few-cycle pulses from a KLM Yb:YAG disk laser (2013)

O. Pronin, 1 * M. Seidel, 2 J. Brons, 2 F. Lucking, 1 C. Grasse, 3 I. Angelov, 2 V. Pervak, 2 G. Boehm, 3 M.-C. Amann, 3 V. L. Kalashnikov, 4 Th. Udem, 2 A. Apolonski 1, 2 and F. Krausz 1, 2 Ludwig-Maximillians-Universitat Munchen, Garching, Germany 2 Max-Planck Institut fur Quantenoptik, Garching, Germany 3 Walter Schottky Institut, Garching, Germany Institut fur Photonik, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria *Corresponding author: oleg.pronin@mpq.mpg.de
Cloning and Analysis of Neurotrophic Factor Receptors Using Function-based Strategies (1992)

Elsevier’s Scopus, the largest abstract and citation database of peer-reviewed literature. Search and access research from the science, technology, medicine, social sciences and arts and humanities fields.
Regression of warfarin-resistant left atrial appendage thrombus after ablation of atrial fibrillation and permanent pacing (2006)

Atrial fibrillation is the most common rhythm disturbance and can also occur in absence of true cardiac disease. However, also in these cases, it can generate left atrial appendage thrombi with systemic embolic potential. A regular and well conducted anticoagulant therapy with dicoumarol derivatives, as indicated in these patients, is not always successful. We report the case of a patient with lone atrial fibrillation and a left atrial appendage thrombus resistant to anticoagulant therapy with warfarin, which disappeared after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation by electrical disconnection of the pulmonary veins, restoration of sinus rhythm and dual-chamber pacemaker implantation.
Duration of no-load state affects opening angle of porcine coronary arteries (2005)

The zero-stress state of a blood vessel has been extensively studied because it is the reference state for which all calculations of intramural stress and strain must be based. It has also been found to reflect nonuniformity in growth and remodeling in response to chemical or physical changes. The zero-stress state can be characterized by an opening angle, defined as the angle subtended by two radii connecting the midpoint of the inner wall. All prior studies documented the zero-stress state or opening angle with no regard to duration of the no-load state. Our hypotheses were that, given the viscoelastic properties of blood vessels, the zero-stress state may have "memory" of prior circumferential and axial loading, i.e., duration of the no-load state influences opening angle. To test these hypotheses, we considered ring pairs of porcine coronary arteries to examine the effect of duration in the no-load state after circumferential distension. Our results show a significant reduction in opening angle as duration of the no-load state increases, i.e., vessels that are reduced to the zero-stress state directly from the loaded state attain much larger opening angles at 30 min after the radial cut than rings that are in the no-load state for various durations. To examine the effect of axial loading, we found similar reductions in opening angle with duration in the no-load from the in situ state, albeit the effect was significantly smaller than that of circumferential loading. Hence, we found that the zero-stress state has memory of both circumferential and axial loading. These results are important for understanding viscoelastic properties of coronary arteries, interpretation of the enormous data on the opening angle and strain in the literature, and standardization of future measurements on the zero-stress state.
Sparse-View CT Reconstruction using Recurrent Stacked Back Projection (2021)

Sparse-view CT reconstruction is important in a wide range of applications due to limitations on cost, acquisition time, or dosage. However, traditional direct reconstruction methods such as filtered back-projection (FBP) lead to low-quality reconstructions in the sub-Nyquist regime. In contrast, deep neural networks (DNNs) can produce high-quality reconstructions from sparse and noisy data, e.g. through post-processing of FBP reconstructions, as can model-based iterative reconstruction (MBIR), albeit at a higher computational cost. In this paper, we introduce a direct-reconstruction DNN method called Recurrent Stacked Back Projection (RSBP) that uses sequentially-acquired backprojections of individual views as input to a recurrent convolutional LSTM network. The SBP structure maintains all information in the sinogram, while the recurrent processing exploits the correlations between adjacent views and produces an updated reconstruction after each new view. We train our network on simulated data and test on both simulated and real data and demonstrate that RSBP outperforms both DNN post-processing of FBP images and basic MBIR, with a lower computational cost than MBIR.
MoS2-carbon nanotube heterostructure as efficient hole transporters and conductors in perovskite solar cells (2020)

We demonstrate the excellent hole-transporting ability of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) by applying one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) mixed MoS2-single-walled carbon nanotube (MoS2-SWCNT) heterostructures to perovskite solar cells. The CVD-synthesized MoS2-SWCNT functions as both the hole transport layer and anode at the same time. Compared with bare SWCNT, the wrapping of 1D/2D MoS2 around SWCNT improved the power conversion efficiency (PCE) by almost 20%, owing to the substantial enhancement of the fill factor. A PCE of 15.0% has been achieved after the application of 2,2',7,7'-Tetrakis-9,9'-spirobifluorene (spiro-MeOTAD).
Pyrazine and pyrimidine triplet decay in a supersonic beam (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPyrazine and pyrimidine triplet decay in a supersonic beamT. G. Dietz, M. A. Duncan, A. C. Puiu, and R. E. SmalleyCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1982, 86, 20, 4026–4029Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100217a028https://doi.org/10.1021/j100217a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views174Altmetric-Citations70LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Optically reconfigurable chiral microspheres of self-organized helical superstructures with handedness inversion (2017)

Optically reconfigurable monodisperse chiral microspheres of self-organized helical superstructures with dynamic chirality were fabricated via a capillary-based microfluidic technique. Light-driven handedness-invertible transformations between different configurations of microspheres were vividly observed and optically tunable RGB photonic cross-communications among the microspheres were demonstrated.
Donor-Mediated Band Gap Reduction in a Homologous Series of Conjugated Polymers (2004)

A family of six donor-acceptor-donor monomers was synthesized using combinations of thiophene, 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene and 3,4-ethylenedioxypyrrole as donor moieties, and cyanovinylene as the acceptor moiety, to understand the effects of modified donor ability on the optoelectronic and redox properties of the resulting electropolymerized materials. Spectroelectrochemistry, differential pulse voltammetry, and cyclic voltammetry results indicate band gaps ranging from 1.1 to 1.6 eV and suggest that these polymers can be both p-type and n-type doped at accessible potentials. In situ conductivity results indicate that the n-type conductivity magnitude is modest, and the conductivity profile indicates a redox conductivity mechanism as opposed to a delocalized electronic band mechanism as observed for p-type doping.
Evaluation of in vitro effects of various targeted drugs on plasma cells and putative neoplastic stem cells in patients with multiple myeloma (2016)

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignancy characterized by monoclonal paraproteinemia and tissue plasmocytosis. In advanced MM cytopenia and osteopathy may occur. Although several effective treatment strategies have been developed in recent years, there is still a need to identify new drug targets and to develop more effective therapies for patients with advanced MM. We examined the effects of 15 targeted drugs on growth and survival of primary MM cells and 5 MM cell lines (MM.1S, NCI-H929, OPM-2, RPMI-8226, U-266). The PI3-kinase blocker BEZ235, the pan-BCL-2 inhibitor obatoclax, the Hsp90-targeting drug 17AAG, and the Polo-like kinase-1 inhibitor BI2536, were found to exert major growth-inhibitory effects in all 5 MM cell lines tested. Moreover, these drugs suppressed the in vitro proliferation of primary bone marrow-derived MM cells and induced apoptosis at pharmacologic drug concentrations. Apoptosis-inducing effects were not only seen in the bulk of MM cells but also in MM stem cell-containing CD138-/CD20+/CD27+ memory B-cell fractions. Synergistic growth-inhibitory effects were observed in MM cell lines using various drug combinations, including 17AAG+BI2536 in MM.1S, OPM-2, RPMI-8226, and U-266 cells, 17AAG+BEZ235 in MM.1S, OPM-2, RPMI-8226, and U-266 cells, 17AAG+obatoclax in MM.1S, NCI-H929, OPM-2, and RPMI-8226 cells, BI2536+BEZ235 in MM.1S, NCI-H929, OPM-2, and RPMI-8226 cells, BI2536+obatoclax in MM.1S, OPM-2 and RPMI-8226 cells, and BEZ235+obatoclax in MM.1S and RPMI-8226 cells. Together, our data show that various targeted drugs induce profound and often synergistic anti-neoplastic effects in MM cells which may have clinical implications and may contribute to the development of novel treatment strategies in advanced MM.
PERFORMANCE OFAVACUUM ARCCOMMUTATINGSWITCHFORA FAULT-CURRENT LIMITER (1983)

A vacuum arcdevice with a hollow cylindrical anodeanda button cathode located axially atthebottomoftheanodehasbeenevaluated theoretically andexperimentally foruse ina fault-current limiter as a commutating switch withan applied axial magnetic field. Anoptimally designed commutating switch ofthistypeshould meetthefollowing conditions: 1)inductance oftheparallel capacitor should beminimized, 2) timerateofincrease fortheapplied magnetic field should bewithin an optimumrange,3)a slotintheanodeisneededtoprovide forfast penetration ofthemagnetic field intotheinterelectrode region, and4) anodesize(radius andheight) should belarge enough togive aparticle density anda commutation voltage ofsuitable magnitude fortheduty expected.