gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vagus nerve stimulation using a miniaturized wirelessly powered stimulator in pigs (2022)

Neuromodulation of peripheral nerves has been clinically used for a wide range of indications. Wireless and batteryless stimulators offer important capabilities such as no need for reoperation, and extended life compared to their wired counterparts. However, there are challenging trade-offs between the device size and its operating range, which can limit their use. This study aimed to examine the functionality of newly designed wirelessly powered and controlled implants in vagus nerve stimulation for pigs. The implant used near field inductive coupling at 13.56 MHz industrial, scientific, and medical band to harvest power from an external coil. The circular implant had a diameter of 13 mm and weighed 483 mg with cuff electrodes. The efficiency of the inductive link and robustness to distance and misalignment were optimized. As a result, the specific absorption rate was orders of magnitude lower than the safety limit, and the stimulation can be performed using only 0.1 W of external power. For the first time, wireless and batteryless VNS with more than 5 cm operation range was demonstrated in pigs. A total of 84 vagus nerve stimulations (10 s each) have been performed in three adult pigs. In a quantitative comparison of the effectiveness of VNS devices, the efficiency of systems on reducing heart rate was similar in both conventional (75%) and wireless (78.5%) systems. The pulse width and frequency of the stimulation were swept on both systems, and the response for physiological markers was drawn. The results were easily reproducible, and methods used in this study can serve as a basis for future wirelessly powered implants.
Contradirectional two-wave mixing in bulk and multimode fibers of iron doped lithium niobate (2002)

Contradirectional two-beam coupling was achieved using a single laser beam incident on fibers grown from congruent iron doped lithium niobate using the laser heated pedestal growth technique. To our knowledge, this is the first time that a grating has been written in a fiber using a single laser beam and its Fresnel reflection in a 180 degree(s) contradirectional two-beam coupling geometry. Beam-coupling efficiencies were compared as a function of beam spot size for fibers and bulk crystals. At small spot sizes, the fibers outperformed the bulk crystals by reducing the diffraction effect.
Current control system suppressing mechanical resonance using a voltage disturbance observer (2018)

To operate two-inertia systems with high speed and precision, a control method to suppress mechanical resonance is required. A conventional current control system consists of a proportional integral controller and decoupling controller, and the conventional current control system has high motor torque control performance. However, the conventional current control system tends to excite mechanical resonance. This paper proposes a new current control system to suppress the resonance of a two-inertia system by using the cross-coupling term of a surface permanent magnet synchronous motor. The proposed control system consists of a proportional controller and voltage disturbance observer to estimate the voltage disturbance without including the cross-coupling term that is used as a damping control. The effectiveness of the proposed control system is validated by numerical simulations and experiments.
Chromatographic Study of Adsorption of n-Alkanes on Zeolites at High Temperatures (1998)

Henry constants, adsorption enthalpies, and entropies of C5−C10 n-alkanes were determined using the chromatographic method on BEA*, TON, MOR, and FAU type zeolites in the temperature range 200−375 °C. On all zeolites, the Henry constants of the linear alkanes increase exponentially with the alkane chain length. Adsorption enthalpies and entropies are related to the pore geometry and have an opposite effect on the Henry adsorption constant: smaller pore sizes lead to a strong increase of the adsorption enthalpy with the carbon number, which is favorable for the adsorption equilibrium. However, this increase of −ΔH0 with CN is accompanied by a high loss of degrees of freedom in small pores, leading to a strong increase of the adsorption entropy with chain length and counterbalancing the positive effect of the enthalpy on the Henry constants. On large-pore zeolites, the opposite effect is observed. The strongest increase of the Henry constants with the carbon number occurs on zeolites in which an intermediate increase of the adsorption enthalpy is accompanied by a moderate loss of degrees of freedom. For the zeolites studied, the rate at which the Henry constants increase with carbon number decreases in the order mordenite > beta > Y > CBV720 > ZSM-22 ∼ CBV760.
Deferoxamine synergistically enhances iron-mediated AP-1 activation: A showcase of the interplay between extracellular-signal-regulated kinase and tyrosine phosphatase (2007)

Deferoxamine (DFO) is a drug widely used for iron overload treatment to reduce body iron burden. In the present study, it was shown in mouse epidermal JB6 cells that all iron compounds transiently induced extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) phosphorylation, whereas DFO further enhanced ERK phosphorylation over long periods. The ERK phosphorylation by DFO treatment appears to be due to the inhibition of MAPK phosphatases (MKP) by DFO. The combined effects of iron-initiated MAPK activation and DFO-mediated MKP inhibition resulted in a synergistic enhancement on AP-1 activities. The results indicate that the interplay between MAPK and MKP is important in regulating the extent of AP-1 activation. It is known that administration of DFO in iron overload patients often results in allergic responses at the injection sites. The results suggest that this synergistic AP-1 activation might play a role in DFO-induced skin immune responses of iron overload patients.
Suppression of mode-hopping in a single-longitudinal-mode erbium-doped fiber laser using tandem fiber Fabry-Perot filters (1992)

Widely tunable single-mode lasers are potentially of great importance in optical telecommunications systems. Recently a number of erbium fiber laser configurations, yielding single-mode operation, have been investigated. Several groups have constructed widely tunable, single-mode erbium fiber ring lasers.1-3 All these devices achieve single-mode operation by using tunable filters with a bandwidth (BW) of the order of ~0.5 nm. However, to our knowledge, all these groups report rapid mode-hopping with a range of the order of several gigahertz.
Recovery of Radiation-Induced Dry Eye and Corneal Damage by Pretreatment with Adenoviral Vector-Mediated Transfer of Erythropoietin to the Salivary Glands in Mice (2013)

Therapeutic doses of radiation (RTx) causes dry eye syndrome (DES), dry mouth, and as in other sicca syndromes, they are incurable. The aims of this work are as follows: (a) to evaluate a mouse model of DES induced by clinically relevant doses of radiation, and (b) to evaluate the protective effect of erythropoietin (Epo) in preventing DES. C3H female mice were subjected to five sessions of RTx, with or without pre-RTx retroductal administration of the AdLTR2EF1a-hEPO (AdEpo) vector in the salivary glands (SG), and compared with naïve controls at Day 10 (10d) (8 Gy fractions) and 56 days (56d) (6 Gy fractions) after RTx treatment. Mice were tested for changes in lacrimal glands (LG), tear secretion (phenol red thread), weight, hematocrit (Hct), and markers of inflammation, as well as microvessels and oxidative damage. Tear secretion was reduced in both RTx groups, compared to controls, by 10d. This was also seen at 56d in RTx but not AdEpo+RTx group. Hct was significantly higher in all AdEpo+RTx mice at 10d and 56d. Corneal epithelium was significantly thinner at 10d in the RTx group compared with AdEpo+RTx or the control mice. There was a significant reduction at 10d in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-R2 in LG in the RTx group that was prevented in the AdEpo+RTx group. In conclusion, RTx is able to induce DES in mice. AdEpo administration protected corneal epithelia and resulted in some recovery of LG function, supporting the value of further studies using gene therapy for extraglandular diseases.
AJHP editorial board welcomes five new members (2010)

Journal Article AJHP editorial board welcomes five new members Get access American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, Volume 68, Issue 1, 1 January 2011, Pages 10–12, https://doi.org/10.2146/news100089 Published: 01 January 2011
Successful fabrication of a convex platform PMMA cell-counting slide using a high-precision perpendicular dual-spindle CNC machine tool (2013)

This study presents a novel approach to the fabrication of a biomedical-mold for producing convex platform PMMA (poly-methyl-meth-acrylate) slides for counting cells. These slides allow for the microscopic examination of urine sediment cells. Manufacturing of such slides incorporates three important procedures: (1) the development of a tabletop high-precision dual-spindle CNC (computerized numerical control) machine tool; (2) the formation of a boron-doped polycrystalline composite diamond (BD-PCD) wheel-tool on the machine tool developed in procedure (1); and (3) the cutting of a multi-groove-biomedical-mold array using the formed diamond wheel-tool in situ on the developed machine. The machine incorporates a hybrid working platform providing wheel-tool thinning using spark erosion to cut, polish, and deburr microgrooves on NAK80 steel directly. With consideration given for the electrical conductive properties of BD-PCD, the diamond wheel-tool is thinned to a thickness of 5??m by rotary wire electrical discharge machining. The thinned wheel-tool can grind microgrooves 10??m wide. An embedded design, which inserts a close fitting precision core into the biomedical-mold to create step-difference (concave inward) of 50??m in height between the core and the mold, is also proposed and realized. The perpendicular dual-spindles and precision rotary stage are features that allow for biomedical-mold machining without the necessity of uploading and repositioning materials until all tasks are completed. A PMMA biomedical-slide with a plurality of juxtaposed counting chambers is formed and its usefulness verified.
Focal and diffuse liver disease studied by quantitative microstructural sonography. (1985)

Quantitative microstructural sonography differs from conventional sonography in several ways. The frequency as well as the amplitude of echoes is recorded and assessed using spectral analysis techniques. The effects of diffraction of the ultrasound beam are calibrated, as are the transfer characteristics of the system. Studies of patients with alcoholic liver disease revealed significantly increased attenuation, heterogeneity of scatterers, and local scattering strength in those with severe disease; in contrast, patients with mild cirrhosis exhibited decreased local scattering strength compared to normal individuals. Using retrospective three-parameter discriminant analysis, 23 out of 24 patients were successfully categorized, suggesting that the parameters used were capable of measuring microstructural changes associated with these disease states. Parameters varied widely among 6 types of hepatic tumors, suggesting that this method may offer promise in distinguishing tumors from normal cases and alcoholic liver disease as well as from each other. Further applications and evaluation of this method appear justified.
Performance enhancement on sub-70 nm strained silicon SOI MOSFETs on ultra-thin thermally mixed strained silicon/SiGe on insulator (TM-SGOI) substrate with raised S/D (2003)

High quality ultra-thin TM-SGOI substrate with T/sub SOI/ < 55 nm is developed to combine the device benefits of strained silicon and SOI. 80-90% Id,sat and electron mobility increase are shown in long channel nFET device. For the first time, 20-25% device performance enhancement is demonstrated at 55 nm short channel strained silicon SGOI nFET devices.
Crohn’s Disease of the Esophagus: Clinical Features and Outcomes (2001)

Esophageal Crohn's disease may be underdiagnosed. Patients with Crohn's disease complaining of esophageal symptoms should undergo upper endoscopy with biopsies, and the diagnosis of esophageal Crohn's disease should be entertained if aphthous or deep ulcers or strictures are present. Immune modifier therapy should be considered for steroid-dependent and steroid-resistant cases.
Examination of resistance to nivolumab monotherapy through single-cell analysis of tumors from patients enrolled in the HCRN GU16-260 study of nivolumab monotherapy. (2023)

698 Background: Nivolumab (nivo) monotherapy demonstrated anti-tumor activity in treatment-naïve renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in Part A of HCRN GU16-260 across all IMDC groups and in multiple histologies. Patient tumor samples were collected to characterize the tumor-immune microenvironmental (TME) determinants of effective anti-tumor immunity with nivo. Methods: Eligible patients (with clear cell or non-clear cell histology) underwent tumor biopsy prior to and/or at resistance to nivo monotherapy. Fresh tissue fragments were cryopreserved locally and centrally processed to extract viable single-cells from the RCC TME. Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) and T cell receptor (TCR)-sequencing (scTCR-seq) was performed on all tumor samples. Gene expression signatures discovered through scRNA-seq were used to interrogate previously published bulk transcriptomic data from the CheckMate-009/010/025 trials of nivo in the treatment-refractory setting. Results: In total, 72,730 viable single-cells (56,900 immune and 15,830 tumor or stromal cells) were sequenced from 17 patients (8 with baseline only, 7 with progression only, and 2 with paired baseline and progression samples) across 7 trial sites. Trajectory inference analysis of tumor-infiltrating T cells revealed a bifurcating trajectory, starting with naïve T cells and ending either in PMCH+ terminally exhausted CD8+ T cells or SLAMF7+ CD8+ T cells. Notably, the SLAMF7+ T cell population expressed high levels of cytotoxic genes (including GZMA, GZMB, GNLY) and markers of tissue residency ( ZNF683/HOBIT and ITGAE/CD103), and had a restricted TCR diversity (normalized Shannon index = 0.57). Among patients with at least 100 sequenced T cells (n = 14), a higher percentage of SLAMF7+ CD8+ T cells (relative to total T cells) was associated with primary resistance (progressive disease [PD] as best response) to nivo (mean percentage in PD [n = 4] patients 32.7%; stable disease [n = 4] patients, 9.1%; complete or partial response [CR/PR; n = 6] patients, 2.2%; p = 0.019 for CR/PR vs PD). A signature derived using genes expressed in the T cell trajectory branch containing the SLAMF7+ CD8+ T cell population was used to interrogate bulk RNA-seq data from 172 pre-treatment tumors from the nivo arms of the CheckMate-009/010/025 trials. The signature score was enriched in patients with PD compared to CR/PR as best response (p = 0.032). Analysis of bulk whole exome sequencing and RNA-seq from patients enrolled in the HCRN GU16-260 is pending. Conclusions: Single-cell transcriptomic analysis uncovered a SLAMF7+ CD8 + T cell population with markers of cytotoxicity and tissue residency that was associated with resistance to nivo monotherapy in RCC. Further, the study highlights that scRNA-seq is a viable scientific strategy for deep correlative analysis in multicenter clinical trials.
<title>Zone-plate null interferometer for measuring aspherical mirror with large aperture</title> (1992)

A new computer generated hologram (CGH) zone-plate common path interferometer which can be used for testing an aspherical mirror with large aperture is presented. A CGH zone- plate made by laser beam drawing is used as the null optical element and its diffraction of (0, 0) and (+1, +1) orders are used as reference light and test light, respectively. Therefore, stigmatic points can be formed so as to use spatial filter effectively to get rid of extraneous light. As a result, fringes with high S/N can be obtained.
Lewis acid-promoted living anionic polymerization of alkyl methacrylates initiated with aluminum porphyrins. Importance of steric balance between a nucleophile and a Lewis acid (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLewis acid-promoted living anionic polymerization of alkyl methacrylates initiated with aluminum porphyrins. Importance of steric balance between a nucleophile and a Lewis acidHiroshi Sugimoto, Takuzo Aida, and Shohei InoueCite this: Macromolecules 1994, 27, 13, 3672–3674Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00091a033https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00091a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views192Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Monte Carlo study of multicriticality in finite Baxter models (1975)

The critical behavior of a class of Hamiltonians, of which the Baxter Hamiltonian is a special case, is investigated. The specific heat of finite systems is evaluated using a Monte Carlo method, and critical properties are deduced by means of finite-size scaling theory. Our results confirm the theoretically predicted crossover behavior.
Characterization of high-Q optical microcavities using confocal microscopy (2008)

Confocal microscopy was initially developed to image complex circuits and material defects. Previous imaging studies yielded only qualitative data about the location and number of defects. In the present study, this noninvasive method is used to obtain quantitative information about the Q factor of an optical resonant cavity. Because the intensity of the fluorescent signal measures the number of defects in the resonant cavity, this signal is a measure of the number of surface scattering defects, one of the dominant loss mechanisms in optical microcavities. The Q of the cavities was also determined using conventional linewidth measurements. Based upon a quantitative comparative analysis of these two techniques, it is shown that the Q can be determined without a linewidth measurement, allowing for a noninvasive characterization technique.
Structure-Based Design of Potent and Selective Inhibitors of the Metabolic Kinase PFKFB3 (2015)

A weak screening hit with suboptimal physicochemical properties was optimized against PFKFB3 kinase using critical structure-guided insights. The resulting compounds demonstrated high selectivity over related PFKFB isoforms and modulation of the target in a cellular context. A selected example demonstrated exposure in animals following oral dosing. Examples from this series may serve as useful probes to understand the emerging biology of this metabolic target.
Factors affecting dynamic electrical manipulation of menisci (1993)

The dynamics of a conductive meniscus subjected to an external field are examined with a view toward drop-on-demand applications. A low-order model suitable for exploring parametric effects is developed. Equilibrium and stability criteria are derived for the purpose of estimating electric field requirements. The criteria are expressed in terms of dimensionless pressures due to electric stress, gravity, and hydrostatic head, normalized to surface tension pressure. Eigenvalues of the linearized model yield a formula for characteristic frequency analogous to Rayleigh's formula for a free drop and, in addition, indicate that most liquids will show underdamped behavior. Requirements for critical damping are derived and illustrated with root locus plots.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Stochastic models of Mendelian and reverse transcriptional inheritance in state-structured cancer populations (2022)

Recent evidence suggests that a polyaneuploid cancer cell (PACC) state may play a key role in the adaptation of cancer cells to stressful environments and in promoting therapeutic resistance. The PACC state allows cancer cells to pause cell division and to avoid DNA damage and programmed cell death. Transition to the PACC state may also lead to an increase in the cancer cell's ability to generate heritable variation (evolvability). One way this can occur is through evolutionary triage. Under this framework, cells gradually gain resistance by scaling hills on a fitness landscape through a process of mutation and selection. Another way this can happen is through self-genetic modification whereby cells in the PACC state find a viable solution to the stressor and then undergo depolyploidization, passing it on to their heritably resistant progeny. Here, we develop a stochastic model to simulate both of these evolutionary frameworks. We examine the impact of treatment dosage and extent of self-genetic modification on eco-evolutionary dynamics of cancer cells with aneuploid and PACC states. We find that under low doses of therapy, evolutionary triage performs better whereas under high doses of therapy, self-genetic modification is favored. This study generates predictions for teasing apart these biological hypotheses, examines the implications of each in the context of cancer, and provides a modeling framework to compare Mendelian and non-traditional forms of inheritance.
Amperometric Proton-Conductor Sensor for Detecting Hydrogen and Carbon Monoxide at Room Temperature (1986)

A new type of amperometric gas sensor using a proton conductor (antimonic acid) and its sensing mechanism are proposed for detecting small amounts of H2 (or CO) in air at room temperature. The sensing element is composed of the following electrochemical cell : (counter electrode) air, Pt | proton conductor | Pt, sample gas (sensing electrode). The short circuit current of the cell is found to be in direct proportion to the concentration of H2 (or CO). It is also shown that the sensor can be modified into a simpler construction which eliminates the reference gas (air). This modified sensor is found to exhibit performances as good as that of the original one, with satisfactory stability for about two months.