gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stable polarization operation of 1.3-/spl mu/m wavelength vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) fabricated by orientation-mismatched wafer bonding (2005)

We present stable polarization of a long-wavelength vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (LW VCSEL). The polarization control was achieved through growing its active region on a (113)B InP substrate, which was integrated to [001] GaAs-based distributed Bragg reflectors by a wafer-bonding technique. Theoretical investigation showed that to achieve high polarization stability, a large dichroism such as an anisotropic gain is needed. It was also shown that the (113)B and other planes of the (11n) family have asymmetry, which results in asymmetric stress and anisotropic optical gain in a strained multiquantum well. An index-guiding mesa structure was fabricated in an asymmetric shape. The index guiding either enhanced or distracted the polarization stability originating from gain anisotropy, depending on its orientation of the asymmetry, as was confirmed by a statistical summary. Using a VCSEL with an appropriate index-guiding structure, we performed 1-Gb/s modulation and confirmed single polarization under large-signal modulation.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Induces Expression of Connective Tissue Growth Factor via KDR, Flt1, and Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase-Akt-dependent Pathways in Retinal Vascular Cells (2000)

Fibroblastic proliferation accompanies many angiogenesis-related retinal and systemic diseases. Since connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is a potent mitogen for fibrosis, extracellular matrix production, and angiogenesis, we have studied the effects and mechanism by which vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) regulates CTGF gene expression in retinal capillary cells. In our study, VEGF increased CTGF mRNA levels in a time- and concentration-dependent manner in bovine retinal endothelial cells and pericytes, without the need of new protein synthesis and without altering mRNA stability. VEGF activated the tyrosine receptor phosphorylation of KDR and Flt1 and increased the binding of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) p85 subunit to KDR and Flt1, both of which could mediate CTGF gene induction. VEGF-induced CTGF expression was mediated primarily by PI3-kinase activation, whereas PKC and ERK pathways made only minimal contributions. Furthermore, overexpression of constitutive active Akt was sufficient to induce CTGF gene expression, and inhibition of Akt activation by overexpressing dominant negative mutant of Akt abolished the VEGF-induced CTGF expression. These data suggest that VEGF can increase CTGF gene expression in bovine retinal capillary cells via KDR or Flt receptors and the activation of PI3-kinase-Akt pathway independently of PKC or Ras-ERK pathway, possibly inducing the fibrosis observed in retinal neovascular diseases.
Ambipolar diffusion in strained Si1−xGex(100) layers grown by molecular beam epitaxy (1991)

Carrier dynamics in strained Si1−xGex layers and Si/Si1−xGex superlattices, grown by molecular beam epitaxy with different Ge concentrations, were investigated by a transient grating method. The ambipolar diffusion coefficient Da of carrier transport parallel to the layer plane was determined at high-density carrier excitation. An increase to Da values by a factor of up to 1.5 was observed for the strained alloy films compared to the value for moderately doped molecular beam epitaxy silicon layers. This is the first experimental evidence for enhanced performance of parallel carrier transport in Si1−xGex alloy layers.
Secure multiple-users transmission using multi-path directional modulation (2016)

This work introduces a physical-layer secure multiple-users communication scheme. Our scheme employs the multi-path nature of the wireless channel to provide a different secure communication link for each of the legitimate users. We show that the proposed scheme highly degrades the eavesdroppers channel even for the worst case scenarios. We also provide the secrecy capacity and secrecy outage probability for the proposed scheme. We analyze the effect of the number of users, channel paths, and antenna elements on the secrecy performance of the scheme.
Measurement of D s + production and nuclear modification factor in Pb-Pb collisions at s N N = 2.76 $$ \sqrt{{\mathrm{s}}_{\mathrm{NN}}}=2.76 $$ TeV (2016)

Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-17T19:11:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2-s2.0-84961827489.pdf: 1105201 bytes, checksum: 0eb55fd8d4ee30e3c2f2db134e8945d6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016
Exact Expression for the Effective Elastic Tensor of Disordered Composites (1997)

We derive new, exact series expansions for the effective elastic tensor of anisotropic, $d$-dimensional, two-phase disordered composites whose nth-order tensor coefficients are integrals involving n-point correlation functions that characterize the structure. These series expansions, valid for any structure, perturb about certain optimal dispersions. Third-order truncation of the expansions results in formulas for the elastic moduli of isotropic dispersions that are in very good agreement with benchmark data, always lie within rigorous bounds, and are superior to popular self-consistent approximations.
Annual Progress Report for: Determination of Acoustic Parameters of Navy Coatings (1997)

Abstract : Currently there are three technical objectives: (1) Determination of the complex elastic moduli of the material over a large sample of the material. These moduli are a direct indication of the quality control of the Special Hull Treatments (SHT) production and application. They are also fundamental indicators of the acoustic performance of the treatment. As part of this measurement task, the feasibility of applying this technique to the shipyard quality assurance environment and to a laboratory scenario for investigation and characterization of commercial coating supplied by NAVSEA 92RC1 should be investigated. (2) Adaptation of the same system for detection of localized inclusions or discontinuities. It is believed that this technique could be used for analysis of seam integrity also. It is thought that this technique could be expanded for use on-site in a shipyard during application of the coating. This would allow for more timely analysis of the performance of the coating over a greater portion of the total surface of the vessel. (3) Extension of the above technique to make approximate measurements of the reflection coefficient of stress waves at the coating-hull interface. This reflection coefficient should be a direct measure of the local adhesion of the coating to the hull.
Determining the gel point of an epoxy-hexaanhydro-4-methylphthalic anhydride (MHHPA) system (2000)

The DEBGA–MHHPA epoxy system has found increasing applications in microelectronics packaging for which the ability to understand and model the cure kinetics mechanism accurately is crucial. The present article reports on the work done to elucidate accurate knowledge of the gel point by rheological methods. To determine the gel point using the G′–G″ crossover method was found not to be accurate, and the gel point obtained by this method was found to be frequency-dependent. Using the point where tgδ was found independent of the frequency can accurately define the gel point at different temperatures. At the gel point determined by this method, G′ and G″ were found to follow the same power law, demonstrating the accuracy of the method in determining the gel point. The scaling exponent obtained was 0.75–0.79. The activation energy for the cure reaction of the system was determined to be 75.1 kJ/mol by the obtained gel times at different temperatures. The steady-shear rheology test was also used to observe the viscosity change at the gel point. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 76: 1248–1256, 2000
Complexity of computations (2007)

The framework for research in the theory of complexity of computations is described, emphasizing the interrelation between seemingly diverse problems and methods. Illustrative examples of practical and theoretical significance are given. Directions for new research are discussed.
Making flow control work in networks: a control-theoretic analysis of gateway service disciplines (1990)

No abstract available.
Evaluation of a New Type of Vanadium Oxide from Peroxo‐polyvanadate as a Cathode Material for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries (1995)

A new type of vanadium oxide with a structure intermediate between the amorphous and the crystalline state is synthesized by a reaction of metallic vanadium with hydrogen peroxide. Its electrochemical properties in relation to lithium intercalation have been investigated in a solution at room temperature. When carbon powder is added to the electrode, this material can accommodate lithium up to , which is equivalent to the theoretical capacity of . The equilibrium potential changes from 3.6 to 1.8 V, as the is increased from 0 to 2.55. The relationship is, on the whole, smooth, but it consists of three straight lines with different slopes, suggesting that there are two kinds of intercalation sites. The specific discharge capacity for the cutoff voltage of 2.0 V amounts to 280 Ah/kg, when the cell is discharged at a constant current density of . The charge and discharge capacities between the working voltages of 4.3 and 2.0 V agree completely with each other, indicating an excellent reversibility. A special role of carbon for lithium insertion into the present is also discussed.
THE OPTIMAL PLACEMENT OF FSP TOW TRUCKS (1997)

Freeway service patrols (FSPs) are a popular means of incident management and control. The authors address the question of the correct placement of FSP tow trucks as a scarce resource allocation problem. They present a methodology for determining where to place FSP tow trucks so as to maximize the expected reduction in congestion. They illustrate this approach using the I-880 database.
Activation of RhoB by Hypoxia Controls Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α Stabilization through Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 in U87 Glioblastoma Cells (2006)

Hypoxia is a crucial factor in tumor aggressiveness and resistance to treatment, particularly in glioma. Our previous results have shown that inhibiting the small GTPase RhoB increased oxygenation of U87 human glioblastoma xenografts, in part, by regulating angiogenesis. We investigated here whether RhoB might also control a signaling pathway that would permit glioma cells to adapt to hypoxia. We first showed that silencing RhoB with siRNA induced degradation and inhibition of the transcriptional activity of the hypoxia-inducible factor by the proteasome in U87 hypoxic cells. This RhoB-dependent degradation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha in hypoxic conditions was mediated by the Akt/glycogen synthase kinase-3beta pathway. While investigating how hypoxia could activate this signaling pathway, using the GST-Rhotekin RBD pulldown assay, we showed the early activation of RhoB by reactive oxygen species under hypoxic conditions and, subsequently, its participation in the ensuing cellular adaptation to hypoxia. Overall, therefore, our results have not only highlighted a new signaling pathway for hypoxia controlled by the small GTPase RhoB, but they also strongly implicate RhoB as a potentially important therapeutic target for decreasing tumor hypoxia.
Reply (2004)

Nanoblöcke (2): Kleine quadratische Domänen auf NaCl-Partikeln, die in der TEM-Aufnahme mit hellerem Kontrast erscheinen (siehe Bild), werden Nanoblöcken von Tetrapropylammoniumsilicalit-1 nach Extraktion aus einer Nanoblock-Suspension zugeschrieben.
A 390MHz Single-Chip Application and Dual-Mode Baseband Processor in 90nm Triple-Vt CMOS (2007)

A single-chip 11.15times11.15mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> application and dual-mode WCDMA/HSDPA and GSM/EDGE baseband processor achieves 390MHz in triple-V, low-power 90nm 8M CMOS. A CPU core standby mode with resume cache reduces leakage current of each CPU to 0.04mA when idle. A dynamic bus clock-stop scheme further reduces power consumption. Interconnect buffers allow the chip to support 30f/s VGA video.
Comparisons of tyrosine phosphorylated proteins in cells expressing lung cancer-specific alleles ofEGFRandKRAS (2008)

We have used unbiased phosphoproteomic approaches, based on quantitative mass spectrometry using stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC), to identify tyrosine phosphorylated proteins in isogenic human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) and human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines, expressing either of the two mutant alleles of EGFR (L858R and Del E746-A750), or a mutant KRAS allele, which are common in human lung adenocarcinomas. Tyrosine phosphorylation of signaling molecules was greater in HBECs expressing the mutant EGFRs than in cells expressing WT EGFR or mutant KRAS. Receptor tyrosine kinases (such as EGFR, ERBB2, MET, and IGF1R), and Mig-6, an inhibitor of EGFR signaling, were more phosphorylated in HBECs expressing mutant EGFR than in cells expressing WT EGFR or mutant RAS. Phosphorylation of some proteins differed in the two EGFR mutant-expressing cells; for example, some cell junction proteins (beta-catenin, plakoglobin, and E-cadherin) were more phosphorylated in HBECs expressing L858R EGFR than in cells expressing Del EGFR. There were also differences in degree of phosphorylation at individual tyrosine sites within a protein; for example, a previously uncharacterized phosphorylation site in the nucleotide-binding loop of the kinase domains of EGFR (Y727), ERBB2 (Y735), or ERBB4 (Y733), is phosphorylated significantly more in HBECs expressing the deletion mutant than in cells expressing the wild type or L858R EGFR. Signaling molecules not previously implicated in ERBB signaling, such as polymerase transcript release factor (PTRF), were also phosphorylated in cells expressing mutant EGFR. Bayesian network analysis of these and other datasets revealed that PTRF might be a potentially important component of the ERBB signaling network.
Phylogeography of the land snail Albinaria hippolyti (Pulmonata: Clausiliidae) from Crete, inferred from ITS-1 sequences (2004)

The polytypic Cretan land snail Albinaria hippolyti has a range that is partly fragmented and partly subdivided by hybrid zones. For this reason, it has served as a model species for investigating speciation and radiation in Mediterranean Clausiliidae. The first internal transcribed spacer ( ITS-1 ) of the nuclear ribosomal DNA was sequenced in 20 populations of A. hippolyti and phylogenetically analysed using maximum parsimony. We employed a novel method involving logarithmic weighting of gaps and topological constraints based on bootstrap values. The resulting phylogeography suggests that the species has undergone a recent cycle of range expansion and range reduction. Speciation cannot be linked to major geological vicariance events in the Miocene and Pliocene, as has been suggested previously. The subspecies A. h. arthuriana appears unrelated to other A. hippolyti subspecies, which supports recent suggestions, based on morphology, to regard it as a separate species.
Conversion of a yeast prion protein to an infectious form in bacteria (2010)

Prions are infectious, self-propagating protein aggregates that have been identified in evolutionarily divergent members of the eukaryotic domain of life. Nevertheless, it is not yet known whether prokaryotes can support the formation of prion aggregates. Here we demonstrate that the yeast prion protein Sup35 can access an infectious conformation in Escherichia coli cells and that formation of this material is greatly stimulated by the presence of a transplanted [ PSI + ] inducibility factor, a distinct prion that is required for Sup35 to undergo spontaneous conversion to the prion form in yeast. Our results establish that the bacterial cytoplasm can support the formation of infectious prion aggregates, providing a heterologous system in which to study prion biology.
Impact of left ventricular trabeculations and papillary muscles on measures of cavity volume and ejection fraction (2011)

Left ventricular (LV) trabeculations are typically considered LV cavity volume (i.e. ignored) when analyzing cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) images as they are difficult to manually segment, but they are not actually part of the LV bloodpool. The treatment of papillary muscles is more variable, but they too have often been considered bloodpool.
Total oxidation of naphthalene at low temperatures using palladium nanoparticles supported on inorganic oxide-coated cordierite honeycomb monoliths (2013)

A study on the preparation of thin films of ZSM-5 and BETA zeolites, and a SAPO-5 silicoaluminophosphate, supported on cordierite honeycomb monoliths by in situ synthesis was carried out for their use as catalyst supports. Furthermore γ-Al2O3 was also coated onto a cordierite honeycomb monolith by a dip-coating method for use as a standard support. Structured monolithic catalysts were prepared by impregnation of the aforementioned coated monoliths with polymer-protected Pd nanoparticles. The monolithic catalysts have been tested for the total oxidation of naphthalene (100 ppm, GHSV 1220 h−1). From the combined use of the zeolite with polymer-protected nanoparticles, enhanced catalytic properties have been found for the total abatement of naphthalene. The Pd/MBETA and Pd/MZSM-5 catalytic monoliths have shown excellent activity with a high degree of stability, even after undergoing accelerated ageing experiments.
A Conceptual Model for the Information Transfer in Systems-of-Systems (2014)

A system-of-systems (SoS) is a large information processing system formed by the integration of autonomous computer systems, physical systems and humans for the purpose of providing new synergistic services and/or more efficient economic processes. The integration is achieved by the exchange of information among the constituent systems. In a monolithic system, where a single context for the representation of information prevails, the issue of context dependence of information representation is of little concern. With the advent of SoSs the context dependence of the information representation in the diverse constituent systems becomes a central issue that must be dealt with by a proper conceptual model. In this paper we present such a conceptual model for the information transfer in a system-of-systems that takes account of the dissimilar representations of the same semantic content in the diverse constituent systems. We introduce the key concept of an Information Atom, called I tom that comprises data and an explanation of the data in an atomic unit. Depending on the context of interpretation, the representation of the data and the explanation may change, while the semantic content, the information carried by an I tom must remain invariant. In the second part of the paper we focus on the impact of the progression of real-time on the utility of information.
Impatience in mobile networks and its application to data pricing (2015)

We consider in this paper an important Quality of Experience (QoE) indicator in mobile networks that is reneging of users due to impatience. We specifically consider a cell under heavy load conditions and compute the reneging probability by using a fluid limit analysis. By solving the fixed point equation, we obtain a new QoE perturbation metric quantifying the impact of reneging on the performance of the system. This metric is then used to devise a new pricing scheme accounting of reneging. We specifically propose several flavors of this pricing around the idea of having a flat rate for accessing the network and an elastic price related to the level of QoE perturbation induced by communications.
High-pressure balloon catheter for real-time pressure monitoring in the esophagus (2003)

This paper reports the development of a new catheter for esophageal manometry, implemented by connecting a miniature high-pressure sensing balloon to an external pressure sensor. The integration of the catheter into a signal conditioning and data acquisition system for realtime pressure monitoring is also described. In order to characterize the sensitivity of the novel self-contained air balloon design, an experimental setup for simulating the esophageal motility was utilized. The results show that the self-contained air balloon catheter is suitable for measuring various waveforms typical to the ones generated in esophageal motility pathologies.
Application of GPR for a more efficient mine planning (1994)

The Canadian mining industry is faced with international competition, low base metal prices and diminishing mineral reserves. To remain competitive on the international market, the industry must reduce the cost of mining and increase productivity while maintaining a high standard of safety. To do so, there is a great need for improved methods that would allow the detection of geological structures in advance of mining and the monitoring of pillar integrity to reduce dilution and increase safety. This will facilitate planning for optimum exploitation of the mine and to increase production at lower costs. The present paper discusses an example of more efficient mine planning using new technologies such as Ground Probing Radar (GPR). Here, GPR technology is used at the 2500 level of the Kidd Creek mine in Timmins, Ontario to (l) monitor the stability of the sill pillar, (2) locate the presence of disseminated sulfide pockets in the sill pillar for extracting the mineral content and (3) monitor the stope backs and wall structures to evaluate the effect of on-time filling sequences.
Selective conversion of trioses to lactates over Lewis acid heterogeneous catalysts (2011)

Substituted mesoporous MCM-41 materials and transition-metal-free oxides were prepared and tested as heterogeneous catalysts for the direct conversion of trioses to lactates. This is a reaction of growing interest in the field of production of valuable chemicals from renewable sources. Very high selectivity towards the desired lactate product was achieved with gallium oxide and with the ordered mesoporous material Sn-MCM-41. The latter catalyst was also very active and gave complete conversion after 6 h of reaction. The excellent catalytic performance of Sn-MCM-41 is ascribed to a combination of strong Lewis acid sites and mild Brønsted acid sites, as shown by monitoring pyridine adsorption on the catalyst surface with FT-IR spectroscopy. The catalytic results obtained with Sn-MCM-41 in the conversion of dihydroxyacetone to ethyl lactate are unsurpassed among the heterogeneous catalysts reported so far for this reaction.
A Review of HER4 (ErbB4) Kinase, Its Impact on Cancer, and Its Inhibitors (2021)

HER4 is a receptor tyrosine kinase that is required for the evolution of normal body systems such as cardiovascular, nervous, and endocrine systems, especially the mammary glands. It is activated through ligand binding and activates MAPKs and PI3K/AKT pathways. HER4 is commonly expressed in many human tissues, both adult and fetal. It is important to understand the role of HER4 in the treatment of many disorders. Many studies were also conducted on the role of HER4 in tumors and its tumor suppressor function. Mostly, overexpression of HER4 kinase results in cancer development. In the present article, we reviewed the structure, location, ligands, physiological functions of HER4, and its relationship to different cancer types. HER4 inhibitors reported mainly from 2016 to the present were reviewed as well.