gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of turbocharger rotational inertia on engine and turbine performance in a turbocharged gasoline direct injection engine under transient and steady conditions (2021)

The effects of turbocharger (T/C) rotational inertia on engine and turbine performance under transient and steady engine conditions were analyzed in a 2.0 L 4-cylinder turbocharged-gasoline direct injection (T-GDI) engine. The test T/Cs consisted of heavy and light compressor wheels (C/W) and turbine wheels (T/W). The study was conducted in two research stages. First, transient engine load tests were conducted to evaluate the effect of T/C rotational inertia on transient response of the T/C, combustion performance, and fuel consumption. Seconds, steady engine load tests were conducted to find out if a light inertia T/C can run at higher efficiency under the same exhaust pulsating flow conditions within one engine cycle. In order to evaluate the engine on-board turbine instantaneous performances in the units of crank angle degree (CAD), T/C rotation speed and pressure data were measured in the experiment. The instantaneous exhaust gas mass flow rate and the temperature of upstream and downstream of the turbine were extracted by 1-D simulation. Turbine efficiency and mass flow rate parameters were calculated by combining these data. In the results, there existed positive effects of light inertia T/C on response and specific fuel consumption under transient conditions. It was also found that the light inertia T/C could show higher T/C speed fluctuation under the same exhaust pulsating flow conditions. Consequently, blade speed ratio (BSR) and turbine efficiency of light inertia T/C were partially higher than that of conventional one. However, it was not led to higher engine efficiency.
Polarization aberrations (1985)

Polarization aberrations are variations of the intensity and polarization in the exit pupil of an optical beam and of the dependence of these aberrations on the field position of the object. Most optical systems display variations of intensity and polarization across the pupil due to the range of angles of incidence present at each surface. This residual polarization can be conveniently described for a rotationally symmetric system by a set of polarization aberration functions analogous to the Siedel aberrations of geometrical optics. These polarization aberrations describe the variation of a polarization Mueller matrix across the exit pupil of the optical system. A method for calculating coefficients for the low-order aberrations from a paraxial ray trace is referenced.
Application of stochastic automaton theory for routing in a packet-switched network (2003)

The automaton-based routing algorithm suggested by R.M. Glorioso (Engineering Cybernetics, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1975) is modified to operate in a packet-switched environment. The modified algorithm is simulated, and its performance is compared with that of three existing routing algorithms: shortest path, proportional (bifurcated), and shortest queue next. It was found that the algorithm is well suited for distributed implementation and has performance that is consistently superior to that of both the shortest-path and proportional routing schemes. The algorithm yields a performance that is comparable with that of shortest-queue-next routing, but it uses fewer control packets.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A novel bispecific antibody platform to direct complement activity for efficient lysis of target cells (2019)

Harnessing complement-mediated cytotoxicity by therapeutic antibodies has been limited because of dependency on size and density of antigen, structural constraints resulting from orientation of antibody binding, and blockade of complement activation by inhibitors expressed on target cells. We developed a modular bispecific antibody platform that directs the complement-initiating protein C1q to target cells, increases local complement deposition and induces cytotoxicity against target antigens with a wide-range of expression. The broad utility of this approach to eliminate both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells was demonstrated by pairing a unique C1q-recruiting arm with multiple targeting arms specific for Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, B-cells and T-cells, indicating applicability for diverse indications ranging from infectious diseases to cancer. Generation of C1q humanized mice allowed for demonstration of the efficacy of this approach to clear disease-inducing cells in vivo. In summary, we present a novel, broadly applicable, and versatile therapeutic modality for targeted cell depletion.
<title>Telerobotic virtual control system</title> (1992)

A project to develop a telerobotic `virtual control' capability, currently underway at the University of Toronto, is described. The project centers on a new mode of interactive telerobotic control based on the technology of combining computer generated stereographic images with remotely transmitted stereoscopic video images. A virtual measurement technique, in conjunction with a basic level of digital image processing, comprising zooming, parallax adjustment, edge enhancement, and edge detection has been developed to assist the human operator in visualization of the remote environment and in spatial reasoning. The aim is to maintain target recognition, tactical planning, and high-level control functions in the hands of the human operator with the computer performing low-level computation and control. Control commands initiated by the operator are implemented through manipulation of a virtual image of the robot system, merged with a live video image of the remote scene. This paper discusses the philosophy and objectives of the project, with emphasis on the underlying human factor considerations in the design, and reports the progress made to date in this effort.
Effect of growth hormone secretagogue LY444711 on IGF-1, growth hormone, and cortisol levels in beagle dogs after one and seven daily oral doses (2000)

Growth hormone (GH) release involves interaction of somatostatin and an endogenous GH secretagogue (GHS) on the hypothalamus. GH causes release of IGF-1, which acts by negative feedback to restrain subsequent GH release. GH secretagogues produce increases in cortisol. In this study, we determined if compound LY444711 produces sustained elevation of GH and IGF-1 in beagle dogs without sustained alteration of baseline cortisol secretions after one and seven daily doses. Adult male beagle dogs received oral doses of LY444711 at 1 mg/kg/day, or vehicle (10% hydroxypropyl beta-cyclodextrin). Jugular vein blood was collected periodically after one and seven doses, and plasma levels of IGF-1, GH, and cortisol were determined. LY444711 increased IGF-1 levels by approximately 60% over controls after one and seven daily doses. IGF-1 was elevated within 6 h of dosing on Day 1 and remained elevated 24 h postdose. GH levels (AUC) increased approximately 50-fold above controls following a single dose of LY444711. With repeated dosing, GH levels rose to approximately 8-fold over controls. Regardless of the reduction in GH AUC with repeat dosing, sufficient GH was produced to cause sustained IGF-1 elevation after seven doses. LY444711 produced little or no effect on cortisol AUC level after one or seven doses. These data demonstrate that LY444711 functions as a GH secretagogue in dogs, with associated increases in IGF-1 levels and an absence of meaningful increases in cortisol levels. Drug Dev. Res. 49:260–265, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Semi-Transparent Ground Planes Excited by Magnetic Line Current (2012)

In this study, equivalent electric current distribution along the semi-transparent ground plane excited by magnetic line current is evaluated analytically and numerically for arbitrary complex layer impedance of a semi-transparent sheet. Relevance to practical cases of thin dense sheet and periodic structure made of narrow strips interconnected by lumped components is demonstrated. Directivity patterns and ground-plane performance characteristics are analyzed. It is shown that ground planes with inductive layer impedance, in some cases, provide advantages for applications. In addition, a practical antenna design example that proves the considerations is also demonstrated.
Design and Sythesis of New Breast Cancer Chemotherapeutic Agents (2000)

Abstract : This project is directed towards the design and synthesis of new drugs to treat breast cancer. Several naturally occurring substances have recently been discovered that have the same biological activity as the very important anticancer drug Taxol. We are using both computational and synthetic approaches to determine the of these very different compounds that are important for their biological activity. The determination of these 1,critical parts could lead to the development of simpler structures that could be very powerful anticancer drugs. During the grant award period, we have prepared new structures based on the taxol-like substance epothilone. While the structures of the new compounds that we have prepared are very much like epothilone itself, we have not yet been able to prepare a simple structure with the same anticancer properties as taxol and epothilone.
Investigation of EMTP transformer model for TRV calculation after fault current interrupting by using FRA measurement (2010)

The authors investigated to calculate the transient recovery voltage (TRV) after the transformer limited fault current (TLF) interrupting condition. Several transformers were used to measure TRV by means of a current injection measurement method. To simulate the TRV at TLF interrupting condition alternative transients program-electromagnetic transients program (ATP-EMTP) was used. The transformer equivalent elements, such as leakage inductance, stray capacitance and resistances were derived from frequency versus impedance graph obtained by frequency response analysis (FRA) measurements. Experiment procedure, results, consideration of transformer constants and constructed EMTP transformer models of current interrupting condition for TRV calculation of tested transformer are presented in this paper. The TRV obtained by the EMTP simulation gave agreeable results with the measured values of the experiment in each case, while a limitation was found by using a constant leakage inductance value which depends on a frequency.
High-power, high-linearity photodiodes for RF photonics (2012)

High-power, high-linearity photodiodes are essential components for photonic microwave applications since they have the potential to improve many aspects of the link performance such as link gain, noise figure, and spurious free dynamic range. This talk will describe photodiode structures that we have developed to achieve RF output power levels as high as 0.75 W at 15 GHz and high linearity, as measured by the output third-order intercept point (OIP3), > 55 dBm. Recent work has focused on extending operation to higher frequencies and heterogeneous integration with Si photonic circuits.
Analytical and numerical approaches to optimizing fluid-structure interactions in wave energy parks (2014)

Analytical and numerical approaches to optimizing fluid-structure interactions in wave energy parks
Fast Statistical Estimation in Highly Compressed Digital RoF Systems for Efficient 5G Wireless Signal Delivery (2017)

A fast data compression algorithm is proposed for wireless-signal delivery in a digital RoF system supporting mobile fronthaul. Combined with resampling and advanced modulation formats, data-transmission efficiency is improved by 5 times in experimental demonstrations.
Very low complexity MPEG-2 to H.264 transcoding using machine learning (2006)

This paper presents a novel macroblock mode decision algorithm for inter-frame prediction based on machine learning techniques to be used as part of a very low complexity MPEG-2 to H.264 video transcoder. Since coding mode decisions take up the most resources in video transcoding, a fast macro block (MB) mode estimation would lead to reduced complexity. The proposed approach is based on the hypothesis that MB coding mode decisions in H.264 video have a correlation with the distribution of the motion compensated residual in MPEG-2 video. We use machine learning tools to exploit the correlation and derive decision trees to classify the incoming MPEG-2 MBs into one of the 11 coding modes in H.264. The proposed approach reduces the H.264 MB mode computation process into a decision tree lookup with very low complexity. The proposed transcoder is compared with a reference transcoder comprised of a MPEG-2 decoder and an H.264 encoder. Our results show that the proposed transcoder reduces the H.264 encoding time by over 95% with negligible loss in quality and bitrate.
Distributed Leakage Flow in Raised-Floor Data Centers (2005)

In raised-floor data centers, distributed leakage flow—the airflow through seams between panels on the raised floor—reduces the amount of cooling air available at the inlets of the computer equipment. This airflow must be known to determine the total cooling air requirement in a data center. The amount of distributed leakage flow depends on the area of the seams and the plenum pressure, which, in turn, depends on the amount of airflow into the plenum and the total open area (combined area of perforated tiles, cutouts, and seams between panels) on the raised floor. The goal of this study is to outline a procedure to measure leakage flow, to provide data on the amount of the distributed leakage flow, and to show the quantitative relationship between the leakage flow and the leakage area. It also uses a computational model to calculate the distributed leakage flow, the flow through perforated tiles, and the plenum pressure. The results obtained from the model are verified using the measurements. Such a model can be used for design and maintenance of data centers. The measurements show that the leakage flow in a typical data center is between 5–15% of the available cooling air. The measured quantities were used to estimate the area of the seams; for this data center, it was found to be 0.35% of the floor area. The computational model represents the actual physical scenarios very well. The discrepancy between the calculated and measured values of leakage flow, flow through perforated tiles, and plenum pressure is less than 10%.
When Cardiac Failure, Kidney Dysfunction, and Kidney Injury Intersect in Acute Conditions (2014)

Biomarkers reflecting renal function and injury are likely to better phenotype subgroups of patients with cardiorenal syndrome and to provide unique prognostic information. Future studies are needed relative to strategies using such biomarkers to guide care of affected patients.
ChemInform Abstract: η2‐ACYL COORDINATION AND β‐CARBON‐HYDROGEN BOND INTERACTION IN ACYL COMPLEXES OF MOLYBDENUM. CRYSTAL AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURES OF TRIS(TRIMETHYLPHOSPHINE)CARBONYLCHLORO(η2‐TRIMETHYLSILYLACETYL)MOLYBDENUM (MO(η2‐COCH2SIME3)CL(CO)(PME3)3) AND THE CYCLIC COMPLEX (CYCLIC) MO(COCH3)(S2CNME2)(CO)(PME3)2 (1984)

Abstract Die nz‐Acyl‐Mo‐Komplexe (Ila‐c) werden durch Umsetzung der Dichloro‐Mo‐Komplexe (I) mit entsprechenden Grignardreagentien oder Methyl‐Li synthetisiert, durch Metathesereaktionen mit KX in die Bromo‐ oder Isocyanato‐Analogen (Ild,e) und durch Trimethylphosphin‐ Substitution mittels CO in die Dicarbonyl‐Analogen (IIIa‐c) umgewandelt.
Beyond 100 nm Resolution in 3D Laser Lithography: Post Processing Solutions (2018)

Laser polymerization has emerged as a direct writing technique allowing the fabrication of complex 3D structures with microscale resolution. The technique provides rapid prototyping capabilities for a broad range of applications, but to meet the growing interest in 3D nanoscale structures the resolution limits need to be pushed beyond the 100 nm benchmark, which is challenging in practical implementations. As a possible path towards this goal, a post processing of laser polymerized structures is presented. Precise control of the cross-sectional dimensions of structural elements as well as tuning of an overall size of the entire 3D structure was achieved by combining isotropic plasma etching and pyrolysis. The smallest obtainable feature sizes are mostly limited by the mechanical properties of the polymerized resist and the geometry of 3D structure. Thus the demonstrated post processing steps open new avenues to explore free form 3D structures at the nanoscale.
Airway delivery of both a BCG prime and adenoviral boost drives CD4 and CD8 T cells into the lung tissue parenchyma (2020)

Heterologous BCG prime-boost regimens represent a promising strategy for an urgently required improved tuberculosis vaccine. Identifying the mechanisms which underpin the enhanced protection induced by such strategies is one key aim which would significantly accelerate rational vaccine development. Experimentally, airway vaccination induces greater efficacy than parenteral delivery; in both conventional vaccination and heterologous boosting of parenteral BCG immunisation. However, the effect of delivering both the component prime and boost immunisations via the airway is not well known. Here we investigate delivery of both the BCG prime and adenovirus boost vaccination via the airway in a murine model, and demonstrate this approach may be able to improve the protective outcome over parenteral prime/airway boost. Intravascular staining of T cells in the lung revealed that the airway prime regimen induced more antigen-specific multifunctional CD4 and CD8 T cells to the lung parenchyma prior to challenge and indicated the route of both prime and boost to be critical to the location of induced resident T cells in the lung. Further, in the absence of a defined phenotype of vaccine-induced protection to tuberculosis; the magnitude and phenotype of vaccine-specific T cells in the parenchyma of the lung may provide insights into potential correlates of immunity.
Survivable low-cost low-delay multicast trees (2005)

The problem of finding survivable low-cost multicast trees having node-disjoint paths to destinations and satisfying delay requirements is an open area of research. Having two node-disjoint paths from the source to each destination makes a multicast tree resilient to node or edge failures. Satisfying delay requirements of the application ensures that the data delivered to the destination is fresh. Reducing the total cost of the multicast tree helps in lowering resource usage. We propose a new heuristic called dynamic weight optimal path pair (DW-OPP) for this problem. The heuristic constructs a node-disjoint low-cost multicast tree having low end-to-end delays. A user-specified parameter controls the performance of the heuristic. The parameter presents the user with a choice between lowering tree cost and achieving better delay performance. The performance of the new heuristic is evaluated empirically.
Novel Thienyl-Based Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2022)

New medical treatments are urgently needed for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Recently, we showed the anticancer effects of novel thiophene-based kinase inhibitors. In this study, we further characterized the antineoplastic effects and modes of action of the two most promising inhibitors, Thio-Iva and Thio-Dam, and compared their effects with the clinically relevant multi-kinase inhibitor, sorafenib, in HCC cells. Crystal violet staining and real-time cell growth monitoring showed pronounced antiproliferative effects in Huh-7 and SNU-449 cells with IC<sub>50</sub> values in the (sub-)micromolar range. Long-term incubation experiments revealed the reduced clonogenicity of Thio-Iva and Thio-Dam-treated HCC cells. LDH-release tests excluded cytotoxicity as an unspecific mode of action of the inhibitors, while flow cytometry analysis revealed a dose-dependent and pronounced G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and cyclin B1 suppression. Additionally, mitochondria-driven apoptosis was observed through the cytosolic increase of reactive oxygen species, a concomitant PARP cleavage, and caspase-3 induction. Both compounds were found to effectively inhibit the capillary tube formation of endothelial EA.hy926 cells in vitro, pointing towards additional antiangiogenic effects. Antiangiogenic and antineoplastic effects were confirmed in vivo by CAM assays. In summary, the thienyl-acrylonitrile derivatives, Thio-Iva and Thio-Dam, exert significant antineoplastic and antiangiogenic effects in HCC cells.
An Experimental Study of Flame Characteristics of Jet Diffusion Flames in Cylindrical Furnaces (3rd Report, Effect of Flow Field on NOx Emission Properties) (2008)

Velocity measurements in cylindrical combustion furnaces have been conducted to clarify the effect of flow field on the emission index of NOx, EINOx. Propane jet nonpremixed flames were formed on a fuel nozzle surrounded by two air nozzles. The EINOx roughly decreases with the global equivalence ratio φ, the inner diameter of the furnace D1, and the turbulence at the flame boundary created by the air velocity difference ΔUa. Distributions of velocity obtained by LDV measurements have verified a large vortex at the bottom of furnace, leading to the entrainment of burned gas to the flame. The size and strength of the vortex are increased by the turbulence at the flame boundary. The recirculation vortex becomes larger in the axial direction with the increases in φand D1. The increase in φ induces the decrease in the oxygen concentration of the burned gas. Consequently, the decrease in EINOx with these parameters has been caused by the dilution of flame by the burned gas entrained by the recirculation vortex and by the flame stretch attributable to the turbulence increased with ΔUa and φ.
Scaling up Classifiers to Cloud Computers (2008)

As the size of available datasets has grown from Megabytes to Gigabytes and now into Terabytes, machine learning algorithms and computing infrastructures have continuously evolved in an effort to keep pace. But at large scales, mining for useful patterns still presents challenges in terms of data management as well as computation. These issues can be addressed by dividing both data and computation to build ensembles of classifiers in a distributed fashion, but trade-offs in cost, performance, and accuracy must be considered when designing or selecting an appropriate architecture. In this paper, we present an abstraction for scalable data mining that allows us to explore these trade-offs. Data and computation are distributed to a computing cloud with minimal effort from the user, and multiple models for data management are available depending on the workload and system configuration. We demonstrate the performance and scalability characteristics of our ensembles using a wide variety of datasets and algorithms on a Condor-based pool with Chirp to handle the storage.