gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
User Restriction Scheme for Feedback Reduction of Unitary Matrix Based SDMA (2010)

With the quantized channel state information (CSI), space division multiple access (SDMA) can extract the multiplexing gain under the limited feedback burden. However, huge signaling burden of feedback can still suffer SDMA system because the total feedback data of SDMA is linearly dependent on the number of users. Hence, we propose the user restriction scheme to control the feedback load. In this scheme, the cut-off level, which restricts the feedbacks of poor conditioned users, is suggested for the reduction of the feedback burden without the performance loss. From simulation results, then, we show that the proposed feedback scheme can achieve not only the sum-rate gain but also the reasonable feedback reduction.
Low-loss Perforated-Channel HFET (2013)

The on-resistance gate capacitance product, RONCG, is an important figure of merit of FET switch characterizing the overall power losses [1, 2]. Decreasing RON by shortening gate-drain spacing decreases the maximum voltage that the power device can operate at and thus typically is not feasible. Reducing RON by increasing the total device width leads to a larger gate capacitance CG, which, in turn, leads to higher switching loss. The same RONCG figure merit relates to the efficiency of microwave power amplifiers, especially those operating in class E, F and other switching modes [3]. We demonstrate a simple and robust perforated channel (PC) HFET design that reduces the onresistance without increasing the total gate capacitance. The reduction of RON is achieved by using the current spreading effect in gate-drain and gate-source regions. Fig. 1(a) shows the schematic of this novel patent pending design for AlGaN/GaN HFET. The portions of the channel under the gate are removed by etching or by any other appropriate technique leaving the channel material in the access regions intact. As a result, the gate channel capacitance decreases. The source and especially the drain side access resistances are significantly smaller than those for the conventional devices with the same CG and continuous channel. As a result, the total device RONCG product is smaller as well. Known solutions like Heterodimensional HFETs [4, 5] FinFET, tri-gate or multi-mesa FETs also use the channel profiling under the gate [6, 7, 8]. However, the channel profiling in these devices is only feasible using nano-scale islands formed in the channel. In contrast, our design is simple and robust; it produces a significant on-resistance reduction using conventional optical lithography process and can be easily implemented in power FET and IC fabrication. 2D simulations of PC-HFET have been performed using Synopsys Sentaurus Device simulator. The HFETs had the channel sheet resistance RSH = 300 Ohm/sq, gate length LG = 1 m; the source-gate distance LSG = 1 m, the gate island width WG = 2 m, the spacing between islands WGG = 1 – 10 m and the gate – drain distance LGD = 1 – 10 m varied in the simulations. The color pattern in Fig. 1(a) shows simulated normalized current density in the PC-HFET channel with WG = 1 m, WGG = 3 m and LGD = 5 m at the drain bias below the knee voltage. As shown by the numbers with arrows, the current density in the G-D spacing within only 1 m off the gate edge reduces almost twice, which indicates a strong current spreading effect in the G-D region. Fig. 1(b) shows simulated PC-HFET G – D region resistance normalized to that of the conventional HFET with the same channel width (i.e. same CG). As seen, at WGG/WG = 3 4, three-four fold RGD reduction is achievable without increasing the HFET capacitance CG. Experimental PC-HFETs have been fabricated on epi-structure consisting of 2 m thick GaN buffer and 20 nm thick Al0.3Ga0.7N barrier grown on sapphire using Migration Enhanced MOCVD (MEMOCVD) technique. Inductively coupled plasma etching was used to define mesa pattern and (a) (b)
“Scaffold-Hopping” by Topological Pharmacophore Search: A Contribution to Virtual Screening (1999)

A chemically advanced template search (CATS) based on topological pharmacophore models has been developed as a technique for virtual screening. This technique has successfully identified novel potent Ca(2+) antagonists (such as 2) that have a similar activity to 1 (a known T-channel blocking agent) in a library of several hundred thousand compounds on the basis of a correlation vector representation.
Synthesis of Alkyl Halides from Aldehydes via Deformylative Halogenation (2019)

An unprecedented deformylative halogenation of aldehydes to alkyl halides is presented. Under oxidative conditions, 1,4-dihydropyridine (DHP), derived from an aldehyde, generated a C(sp3)- radical that coupled with a halogen radical that was generated from inexpensive and atom-economical halogen sources (NaBr, NaI, or HCl), to yield an alkyl halide. Because of the mild conditions, a wide range of functional groups were tolerated, and excellent site selectivity was achieved.
The High-Level Protocol Specification Language HLPSL developed in the EU project AVISPA (2005)

The just recently finished EU project AVISPA, Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols and Applications, has aimed at developing a push-button, industrial-strength technology for the analysis of large-scale Internet security-sensitive protocols and applications. In this short industrial contribution paper, after giving a very brief overview of the AVISPA project, we introduce HLPSL, the High-Level Protocol Specification Language developed and used within the project to model security protocols and to specify their desired properties. This language enjoys a formal semantics based on Lamport's Temporal Logic of Actions. HLPSL is modular and allows for the specification of control flow patterns, data-structures, alternative intruder models, and complex security properties. It is suciently high-level to be accessible to protocol engineers (themselves not necessarily formal methods experts), yet easily translatable into a lower-level term-rewriting based language suited to model-checking tools.
A motion-compensated image filter for low-dose fluoroscopy in a real-time tumor-tracking radiotherapy system (2014)

In the real-time tumor-tracking radiotherapy system, a surrogate fiducial marker inserted in or near the tumor is detected by fluoroscopy to realize respiratory-gated radiotherapy. The imaging dose caused by fluoroscopy should be minimized. In this work, an image processing technique is proposed for tracing a moving marker in low-dose imaging. The proposed tracking technique is a combination of a motion-compensated recursive filter and template pattern matching. The proposed image filter can reduce motion artifacts resulting from the recursive process based on the determination of the region of interest for the next frame according to the current marker position in the fluoroscopic images. The effectiveness of the proposed technique and the expected clinical benefit were examined by phantom experimental studies with actual tumor trajectories generated from clinical patient data. It was demonstrated that the marker motion could be traced in low-dose imaging by applying the proposed algorithm with acceptable registration error and high pattern recognition score in all trajectories, although some trajectories were not able to be tracked with the conventional spatial filters or without image filters. The positional accuracy is expected to be kept within ±2 mm. The total computation time required to determine the marker position is a few milliseconds. The proposed image processing technique is applicable for imaging dose reduction.
High-Power Supercapacitor Electrodes from Single-Walled Carbon Nanohorn/Nanotube Composite (2011)

A novel composite is presented as a supercapacitor electrode with a high maximum power rating (990 kW/kg; 396 kW/l) exceeding power performances of other electrodes. The high-power capability of the electrode stemmed from its unique meso-macro pore structure engineered through the utilization of single-walled carbon nanotubes (20 wt %) as scaffolding for single-walled carbon nanohorns (80 wt %). The novel composite electrode also exhibited durable operation (6.5% decline in capacitance over 100 000 cycles) as a result of its monolithic chemical composition and mechanical stability. The novel composite electrode was benchmarked against another high-power electrode made from single-walled carbon nanotubes (Bucky paper electrode). While the composite electrode had a lower surface area compared to the Bucky paper electrode (280 vs 470 m(2)/g from nitrogen adsorption), it had a higher meso-macro pore volume (2.6 vs 1.6 mL/g from mercury porosimetry) which enabled the composite electrode to retain more electrolyte, ensuring facile ion transport, hence achieving a higher maximum power rating (970 vs 400 kW/kg).
Intrinsic and Extrinsic Signatures for Information Hiding and Secure Printing with Electrophotographic Devices (2003)

There are a number of applications in which it is desirable to be able to identify the technology, manufacturer, model, or even specific unit that was used to print a given document. Also, it may be desirable to embed additional information in the printed document, such as the date and time that it was printed. In previous work with laser electrophotographic printers, we developed strategies to reduce quasiperiodic banding artifacts that are characteristic of the specific print mechanism. The dominant process-direction spatial frequencies associated with these artifacts are determined by the parameters of the gear train in the print mechanism. Here we take a different view of these artifacts, treating them as a signature of the printer that can be identified by appropriate image analysis techniques. We refer to the characteristics of the native device as its intrinsic signature. By using the same strategies employed earlier to reduce the banding artifacts, we can amplify and modulate the banding to embed additional information, as discussed above. We refer to this as an extrinsic signature. In this paper, we describe our on-going research in this area. We present preliminary results from our effort to identify intrinsic printer signatures for a number of electrophotographic printers that are now on the market.
Time reversal acoustic focusing with liquid-filled reverberator (2007)

The use of solid acoustic reverberators for temporal and spatial focusing of acoustic energy based on time reversal acoustic (TRA) principle was described in the literature. We experimentally and theoretically demonstrated that the liquid-filled TRA reverberators can also efficiently focus acoustic energy and compared the advantages of solid and water-filled reververators. A theoretical model was developed to explore the factors defining the efficiency of TRA focusing, providing the design constraint for the water-filled reververators. The model allows evaluation of the spatial and temporal characteristics of TRA focused acoustic field formed as a result of numerous reflections of ultrasound within the reverberator. The TRA focused field structure, its dependence on the shape and size of the resonator, ultrasound frequency, and attenuation were investigated for the standard and binary modes of TRA focusing. The experiments with custom built liquid-filled acoustic resonators confirmed the predictions of a developed theory, including sharpening of the focal area and increasing of the focal intensity in a binary mode of TRA focusing. The conducted research supports suggestion that such liquid-filled reverberators can be considered as a base for a miniature limited range ablation devices for biomedical applications.
Selective Intermolecular Photo-[4 + 4]-cycloaddition with 2-Pyridone Mixtures. 2. Preparation of (1α,2β,5β,6α)-3-Butyl- 9-methoxy-3,7-diazatricyclo[4.2.2.22,5]dodeca-9,11-diene-4,8-dione (1999)

Photochemistry of 2-pyridone mixtures can be selective and thereby lead to useful quantities of [4 + 4] cycloaddition cross products. The selective intermolecular reaction described here employs an excess of 4-methoxy-2-pyridone (6), which does not photodimerize but will undergo [4 + 4] cycloaddition with 2-pyridones without a 4-methoxy group such as N-butyl-2-pyridone 12. Isolated yields of the trans product (1alpha,2beta,5beta,6alpha)-3-butyl-9-methoxy-3,7-diazatricyclo[4.2.2.2(2,5)]dodeca-9,11-diene-4,8-dione (7) are very sensitive to the ratio of the two starting pyridones, and this product has been isolated in yields of up to 51%. This photoreaction produces, in a single step from simple aromatic precursors, a tricyclic product with four stereogenic centers and four distinct functional groups.
Biological Activity and Intracellular Metabolism of ZD1694 in Human Leukemia Cell Lines with Different Resistance Mechanisms to Antifolate Drugs (1996)

The biological activity and cellular metabolism of ZD1694, a novel folate-based thymidylate synthase (TS) inhibitor, were analyzed in a human leukemia cell line, MOLT-3, and its antifolate-resistant sublines with different mechanisms of resistance to methotrexate (MTX), trimetrexate (TMQ) and N10-propargyl-5,8-dideazafolic acid (CB3717). MOLT-3/CB3717(40), which was selected for CB3717 resistance, demonstrated impaired membrane drug transport via reduced folate carrier (RFC) and lower accumulation of [3H]ZD1694-polyglutamates in the cells with a shift in the polyglutamate distribution profile to shorter chain length polyglutamates, indicating an alteration in polyglutamation capacity in this subline. Impaired RFC and reduced rate of polyglutamation could explain the cross-resistance (12-fold) of this subline to ZD1694. On the other hand, there was little or no cross-resistance to this drug in a subline (MOLT-3/TMQ800) reportedly resistant to TMQ through impaired membrane transport for TMQ and an increase in dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) activity. Total amount of ZD1694 polyglutamated to a level higher than diglutamate was approximately 1.7-fold higher in the TMQ-resistant cells than that in the parent cells, but a low degree of increase in TS activity in the cells counteracted the supposed increase in sensitivity to ZD1694. MOLT-3/TMQ800-MTX10000 cells, which were established by sequential exposure of the TMQ-resistant cells to MTX and were previously shown to amplify mutated DHFR with low affinity for MTX, showed a decreased accumulation of polyglutamated ZD1694 as compared with the parent line and this was consistent with cross-resistance to ZD1694 in this subline. Overproduction of variant DHFR scarcely influenced the sensitivity to this drug. These results indicate that ZD1694 could overcome antifolate resistance through a mechanism such as amplified DHFR activity, and the biological activity of this drug against the cells paralleled the amount of polyglutamated drug inside the cells. Determination of polyglutamation capacity in tumor cells may allow prediction of sensitivity to this drug.
Infiltration of neutrophils by intrapleural injection of tumour necrosis factor, interleukin‐1, and interleukin‐8 in rats, and its modification by actinomycin D (1996)

1. To assess in vivo chemotactic activity of tumour necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-8, and cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC), we injected these cytokines into the pleural cavity of rats. 2. CINC (0.1-1 microgram) and recombinant human IL-8 (rhIL-8, 0.2-5 micrograms) caused neutrophil infiltration into the rat pleural cavity in a dose-dependent fashion, peaking at 3 h. The number of leukocytes in the peripheral blood did not change significantly. 3. RhTNF alpha and rhIL-1 alpha also induced neutrophil accumulation. The dose response curves of rhTNF alpha (0.67 ng-6.7 micrograms) and rhIL-1 alpha (0.45 ng-4.5 micrograms) at 3 h were bell shaped. On the other hand, unlike CINC and rhIL-8, rhTNF alpha and rhIL-1 alpha caused transient marked leukopenia at 3 h in a simple dose-dependent fashion. 4. Concomitant injection of actinomycin D dose-dependently and completely at 10 micrograms inhibited neutrophil infiltration induced by rhTNF alpha (0.67 microgram) and rhIL-1 alpha (0.45 microgram) at 3 h. However, that induced by CINC or rhIL-8 was not affected by actinomycin D. 5. Peaking at 1 h, CINC production in the pleural cavity was found after intrapleural injection of rhTNF alpha (0.67 microgram) or rhIL-1 alpha (0.45 microgram), but not after that of rhIL-8 (5 micrograms). The CINC production induced by rhTNF alpha or rhIL-1 alpha and the neutrophil infiltration was suppressed by concomitant injection of actinomycin D (1 and 10 micrograms). 6. These results indicate that CINC and IL-8 themselves are direct chemoattractants for neutrophils, whereas TNF and IL-1 induce neutrophil infiltration indirectly via newly synthesized mRNA for chemotactic protein including CINC, which may be involved in neutrophil emigration at local inflammatory sites in rats.
A visual guidance system for minimal invasive surgery using 3D ultrasonic and stereo endoscopic images (2012)

We propose a novel visual guidance system for a minimal invasive laparoscopic surgery using US (ultrasonic) and stereo endoscopic images. The shape of an organ inside body is detected by a 3D ultrasonic scanner and superimposed on the endoscopic image for the accurate and safe surgical operations. The precise superimposing is achieved by registration of two surfaces extracted by the 3D US scanner and the stereo endoscope. The performance of the proposed algorithm is verified using a 3D US scanner, a stereo endoscope, and a US prostate phantom.
Haemophilus influenzaeP4 Interacts With Extracellular Matrix Proteins Promoting Adhesion and Serum Resistance (2015)

Interaction with the extracellular matrix (ECM) is one of the successful colonization strategies employed by nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi). Here we identified Haemophilus lipoprotein e (P4) as a receptor for ECM proteins. Purified recombinant P4 displayed a high binding affinity for laminin (Kd = 9.26 nM) and fibronectin (Kd = 10.19 nM), but slightly less to vitronectin (Kd = 16.51 nM). A P4-deficient NTHi mutant showed a significantly decreased binding to these ECM components. Vitronectin acquisition conferred serum resistance to both P4-expressing NTHi and Escherichia coli transformants. P4-mediated bacterial adherence to pharynx, type II alveolar, and bronchial epithelial cells was mainly attributed to fibronectin. Importantly, a significantly reduced bacterial infection was observed in the middle ear of the Junbo mouse model when NTHi was devoid of P4. In conclusion, our data provide new insight into the role of P4 as an important factor for Haemophilus colonization and subsequent respiratory tract infection.
Confidence Analysis for Multi-Class Object Recognition using the Intermediate Values from Machine Learning Algorithms (2015)

我々は,一般物体認識において多クラス分類器が出力する各クラスへの帰属確率や各クラスの分離平面からの符号付き距離などの中間的な値を処理して認識結果に対する確信度を推定することで,正答の可能性が高い場合と誤答の可能性が高い場合を精度よく判別する手法について研究している.この確信度判定について従来の手法を拡張し，各クラスへの中間出力値を複数用いることで確信度判定の精度向上を図る．中間出力値を処理する手法として，数値計算によるものと機械学習を用いたものの二手法を提案する.これらにより,より高精度の確信度推定が実現でき,最終的な物体認識精度の向上が期待できる.また，これまでone-vs-all SVMに対してのみの実験であったが，最近注目を集めているConvolutional Neural Network (CNN)にも適用し，提案手法の一般性と有効性を確認した．
Performance Modeling for Carbon Nanotube Interconnects in On-Chip Power Distribution (2007)

A novel paradigm is proposed to potentially use thin single-wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">signal</i> interconnects and large-diameter multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWNT) <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">power</i> interconnects in the second interconnect level. Using physical circuit models for SWNTs and MWNTs, it is demonstrated that by the end of the ITRS the proposed approach can improve the sheet resistance of power interconnects by up to 3 times, improve the speed of local signal interconnects by 50%, and lower their dynamic power dissipation by more than two times. In the first interconnect level, a hybrid system of power copper wires and thin SWNT signal interconnects would offer the same improvements for signal interconnects and allow utilizing thick copper wires with no performance or power penalties for signal interconnects. At the global levels, it is shown a minimum density of 1 metallic SWNT per 2.5nm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> cross-sectional area is needed to outperform copper power interconnects. Power grids made out of MWNTs can offer smaller resistances compared to copper grids only if very coarse grids with grid pitches larger than 20μm are needed.
BANKSAFE: A visual situational awareness tool for large-scale computer networks (2012)

VAST 2012 Challenge Award: Outstanding comprehensive submission, including multiple sizes. With the reliance of businesses, public institutions and individuals on large computer networks, maintaining their security becomes essential to ensure integrity. To achieve situational awareness, we developed Banksafe, which is a scalable, distributed and web-based visualization system to analyze health monitoring data and security datasets. To handle large amounts of data a cloud-based backend database is used to store and analyze the raw data. To evaluate the effectiveness of our approach we use both VAST 2012 mini challenges. Our case studies successfully identify suspicious events, trends and patterns using multiple visualizations.
Transposition effects on bundle proximity losses in high-speed PM machines (2009)

Proximity effects caused by uneven distribution of current among the insulated wire strands of stator multi-strand windings can contribute significant bundle-level proximity losses in permanent magnet (PM) machines operating at high speeds. Three-dimensional finite element analysis is used to investigate the effects of transposition of the insulated strands in stator winding bundles on the copper losses in high-speed machines. The investigation confirms that the bundle proximity losses must be considered in the design of stator windings for high-speed machines, and the amplitude of these losses decreases monotonically as the level of transposition is increased from untransposed to fully-transposed (360deg) wire bundles. Analytical models are introduced to estimate the currents in strands in a slot for a high-speed machine.
Supplementary Methods M2 from Nonclinical Development of Next-generation Site-specific HER2-targeting Antibody–drug Conjugate (ARX788) for Breast Cancer Treatment (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Methods Section 2 describes tissue cross-reactivity study&lt;/p&gt;
Germ-line mutation of the hMSH6/GTBP gene in an atypical hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer kindred. (1997)

A germ-line mutation of hMSH6 (also called GTBP) was found in a hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC)-like patient in whom germ-line mutations of hMSH2, hMSH3, or hMLH1 had not been detected. The patient had rectal cancer and two colon adenomas at 62 years of age and a weak family history of gastrointestinal tumors, indicating atypical HNPCC. Somatic mutations of hMSH6 were observed in three colorectal tumors from the patient, indicating two-hit inactivation. Microsatellite instabilities at mononucleotide repeats were detected in all three tumors. These data suggest that hMSH6 is responsible for tumorigenesis in atypical HNPCC.