gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vaccination with recombinant RgpA peptide protects against Porphyromonas gingivalis‐induced bone loss (2016)

The present study demonstrates the potential of RgpA to shift the early local immune response toward an anti-inflammatory response while vaccination with recRgpA protected against P. gingivalis-induced periodontitis.
Evaluating Energy Efficiency of ONUs Having Multiple Power Levels in TDM-PONs (2013)

A TDM Passive Optical Network (TDM-PON) proposes the use of sleep modes for Optical Network Units (ONUs) to maximize Energy Efficiency (EE). When an ONU manages a sleep mode, it needs to turn on and off some of its components based on communication requirements. Hence, an ONU ends up with multiple power levels. Existing analytical models for evaluating EE consider that an ONU has only two power levels. However, we have found in some literature where an ONU can have more than two power levels. In this letter we propose an analytical model to quantify the EE of an ONU having more than two power levels. We demonstrate the accuracy of the model by means of simulation under two different sleep interval deciding algorithms.
FlySPEC (2002)

FlySPEC is a video camera system designed for real-time remote operation. A hybrid design combines the high resolution of an optomechanical video camera with the wide field of view always available from a panoramic camera. The control system integrates requests from multiple users so that each controls a virtual camera. The control system seamlessly integrates manual and fully automatic control. It supports a range of options from untended automatic to full manual control. The system can also learn control strategies from user requests. Additionally, the panoramic view is always available for an intuitive interface, and objects are never out of view regardless of the zoom factor. We present the system architecture, an information-theoretic approach to combining panoramic and zoomed images to optimally satisfy user requests, and experimental results that show the FlySPEC system significantly assists users in a remote inspection tasks.
Reaction of the Desulfoferrodoxin from Desulfoarculus baarsii with Superoxide Anion (2000)

Desulfoferrodoxin is a small protein found in sulfate-reducing bacteria that contains two independent mononuclear iron centers, one ferric and one ferrous. Expression of desulfoferrodoxin from <i>Desulfoarculus baarsii</i> has been reported to functionally complement a superoxide dismutase deficient<i>Escherichia coli</i> strain. To elucidate by which mechanism desulfoferrodoxin could substitute for superoxide dismutase in <i>E. coli</i>, we have purified the recombinant protein and studied its reactivity toward O⨪<sub>2</sub>. Desulfoferrodoxin exhibited only a weak superoxide dismutase activity (20 units mg<sup>−1</sup>) that could hardly account for its antioxidant properties. UV-visible and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy studies revealed that the ferrous center of desulfoferrodoxin could specifically and efficiently reduce O⨪<sub>2</sub>, with a rate constant of 6–7 × 10<sup>8</sup>m<sup>−1</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>. In addition, we showed that membrane and cytoplasmic <i>E. coli</i> protein extracts, using NADH and NADPH as electron donors, could reduce the O⨪<sub>2</sub>oxidized form of desulfoferrodoxin. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that desulfoferrodoxin behaves as a superoxide reductase enzyme and thus provide new insights into the biological mechanisms designed for protection from oxidative stresses.
A 220 M-Range Direct Time-of-Flight 688 × 384 CMOS Image Sensor with Sub-Photon Signal Extraction (SPSE) Pixels Using Vertical Avalanche Photo-Diodes and 6 KHz Light Pulse Counters (2018)

We have developed a direct time-of-flight (TOF) 220 m ranging CMOS image sensor (CIS) based on a 688 × 384 pixel array of vertical avalanche photodiodes. An area scene at 220 m ahead can be ranged and imaged by one high power light pulse illuminated through diffusing (without scanning) optics and sub-photon level signals are extracted by in-pixel pulse count circuits. Depth map imaging with a 10 cm lateral resolution and with a 30 cm depth precision is realized from 1 m to 220 m range. The developed direct-TOF CIS with SPSE is expected to supersede the insufficient resolution of the conventional light detection and ranging (LiDAR) systems and the short range of indirect CIS TOF.
Clemmensen reduction. Part 5. Chiral γ-hydroxy-ketones (1977)

The reduction of some chiral γ-hydroxy-ketones by amalgamated zinc–hydrochloric acid (Clemmensen reduction) has been studied. Reduction of the carbonyl group occurs rapidly with retention of configuration at the carbinol carbon atom. This result invalidates part of an earlier hypothesis.
Real-time optimization and model predictive control for aerospace and automotive applications (2018)

In recent years control methods based on real-time optimization (RTO) such as model predictive control (MPC) have been investigated for a significant number of applications in the automotive and aerospace (A&A) domains. This paper provides a tutorial overview of RTO in automotive and aerospace applications, with particular focus on MPC which is probably the most largely investigated method. First, we review the features that make RTO appealing for A&A applications. Then, due to the model-based nature of these control methods, we describe the key first principle models and opportunities that these provide for RTO. Next, we detail the key steps and guidelines of the MPC design process which are tailored to A&A systems. Finally, we discuss numerical algorithms for implementing RTO, and their suitability for implementation in embedded computing platforms to in A&A domains.
Cooperative Highway Traffic: Multiagent Modeling and Robustness Assessment to Local Perturbations (2013)

As cooperative systems, a.k.a. connected vehicles, enable the communication and exchange of information between vehicles and infrastructure, it is expected that their communication capabilities can lead to a better active traffic management on urban motorways. In such a context, technological constraints must be the basis for any management strategy. If it has been analytically proven that communication can help stabilize traffic flow at a microscopic level, it is interesting to evaluate realistic communication strategies taking into consideration multiple perturbations such as sensors faults or driver cooperation. In this paper, a three-layer multi-agent framework is used to model and control the homogenization of traffic flow. The physical layer coordinates the vehicles dynamics based on a cooperative car following model. This layer includes cooperation derived from the communication and trust layers that respectively manage information and its reliability. Simulation results highlight the positive impacts of communication and control on traffic flow stability.
LIQUID‐TO‐PARTICLE HEAT TRANSFER DURING CONTINUOUS TUBE FLOW: INFLUENCE of FLOW RATE and PARTICLE to TUBE DIAMETER RATIO1 (1990)

ABSTRACT Liquid‐to‐particle convective heat transfer coefficients were measured during continuous flow through tubes, using an experimental technique in which a thermocouple was moved at the same speed as the particle. Water was used as the carrier fluid and transducer particles were made hollow to approximate densities of real food particles. Results from over 250 experimental runs over a fluid Reynolds number range from 7300 to 43600, showed that the convective coefficient was increased significantly with increasing fluid flow rate and particle to tube diameter ratio. Convective coefficient values ranged from 688 to 3005 w/m 20 C depending on the experimental conditions. Dimensionless correlations obtained between the Nusselt number, particle Reynolds number, particle to tube diameter ratio, and the particle Froude number yielded R 2 values ranging from 0.82 to 0.92 depending on the complexity of the relation.
Singular Perturbation Theory for DC-DC Converters and Application to PFC Converters (2007)

Many control schemes for dc-dc converters begin with the assertion that inductor currents are "fast" states and capacitor voltages are "slow" states. This assertion must be true for power factor correction (PFC) converters to allow independent control of current and voltage. In the present work, singular perturbation theory is applied to boost converters to provide rigorous justification of the time scale separation. Krylov-Bogoliubov-Mitropolsky (KBM) averaging is used to include switching ripple effects. A relationship between inductance, capacitance, load resistance, and loss resistances derives from an analysis of an approximate model. Similar results hold for buck and buck-boost converters. An experimental boost converter and a simulated PFC boost support the derived requirement.
A development of EXAFS and XANES measurements in the laboratory. An application to silica-supported Cu-Rh bimetallic catalyst. (1986)

回転対陰極型X線発生装置,ヨハンソン型湾曲分光結晶と半導体検出器を用いたEXAFS測定装置において,分光結晶の高次反射の利用による性能の向上について検討した。その結果,低エネルギー領域(5～10keV)でXANESの研究に十分な分解能が得られ,また高エネルギー領域(≦26keV)でのEXAFS測定も可能となった。この装置を利用してシリカ担持銅-ロジウム合金触媒の調製方法による局所構造の差異をCu・RhのEXAFSおよびCuのXANESにより検討した。いずれの調製法によってもRh原子は純金属に近い環境中にあるのに対し,Cu原子はCu,Rhの両方を隣接原子としてもち,配位数が少なく,表面層に多く存在すると結論される。その傾向はアルコキシド法によるものにおいてより顕著であり,調製法による金属粒子径の違いを示している。
[Everywhere helping hands are needed]. (1978)

One striking aspect of the twentieth century is the rise of a number of organizationally and geographically distinct spaces - cities, factories, households, hospitals, harbors, supermarkets, airports, offices, to name some of them - as important sites for technology development. As the century progressed, the number of different technologies in simultaneous use in these spaces increased. This collocation of technologies encouraged various actors to develop mecanisms and arrangements by which they could coordinate the interaction of these technologies. Typically these actors also developed mediating technologies that facilitated and stimulated the interaction of different technologies.
Porphyrinbasiertes organisches Netzwerk bestehend aus nachhaltigen Kohlenstoffpunkten für die Photopolymerisation (2022)

Abstract Nachhaltige Kohlenstoffpunkte ( CD s) auf der Basis von Furfural (F‐ CD ) führten nach Durchführung der Alder‐Longo‐Reaktion zu einem lichtempfindlichen Material. Die gebildete Porphyrineinheit verbindet die F‐C D s zu einem kovalenten organischen Netzwerk. Dieses heterogene Material (P‐ CD ) wurde mit XPS charakterisiert, was auf den Einbau der jeweiligen C‐, N‐ und O‐Einheiten hinweist. Zeitaufgelöste Fluoreszenz einschließlich der Globalanalyse zeigte einen Beitrag von drei verknüpften Komponenten zur Beschreibung der Gesamtdynamik des angeregten Zustands. Die elektrochemischen und photonischen Eigenschaften dieses heterogenen Materials ermöglichten eine Photopolymerisation mittels photo‐ATRP, bei der entweder CuBr 2 /TPMA, FeBr 3 /Br − oder ein metallfreier Ansatz die kontrollierte Polymerisation aktivierte. Kettenverlängerungsexperimente funktionierten in allen drei Fällen und zeigten die Aktivität der Endgruppe für die Aktivierung der kontrollierten Blockcopolymerisation unter Verwendung von MMA und Styren als Monomere. Die traditionelle radikalische Polymerisation unter Einsatz eines Diaryliodoniumsalzes als Coinitiator scheiterte.
Attentive Knowledge Transfer for Short-term Load Forecasting (2022)

The modern power system is transitioning towards increasing penetration of renewable energy generation and demand from different types of electrical appliances. With this transition, residential load forecasting, especially short-term load forecasting (STLF), is becoming more and more challenging and important. Accurate short-term load forecasting can help improve energy dispatching efficiency and, as a consequence, reduce overall power system operation cost. Most current load forecasting algorithms assume that there is a large amount of training data available upon which to learn a reliable load forecasting model. However, this assumption can be challenging for real-world applications. In this work, we first propose the use of transfer learning and an attention mechanism to improve short-term load forecasting for a target domain with only a limited amount of available data. Furthermore, we extend the proposed method to utilize heterogeneous features which enables the approach to deal with more complex scenarios in the real world. Experimental results using real-world data sets show that the proposed methods can improve forecasting accuracy by a large margin over several existing baselines.
Binary Polarization Shift Keying With Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (2022)

We propose a novel binary polarization shift keying modulation scheme for a line-of-sight environment by exploiting the polarization control ability of the reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS). The RIS encodes the information data in terms of the polarization states of either the reflected wave from the RIS or the composite wireless channel between an RF source and receiver. In the first case, polarization mismatch correction becomes essential at the receiver. In the second case, the RIS pre-codes the reflected wave to compensate for the polarization mismatch which allows non-coherent demodulation at the receiver.
Association of complement pathways with COVID-19 severity and outcomes (2022)

These results advance our understanding of COVID-19 disease pathophysiology and demonstrate the importance of specific complement pathway components as prognostic biomarkers in COVID-19.
Asymmetric Adaptivity induces Recurrent Synchronization in Complex Networks (2021)

Rhythmic activities that alternate between coherent and incoherent phases are ubiquitous in chemical, ecological, climate, or neural systems. Despite their importance, general mechanisms for their emergence are little understood. In order to fill this gap, we present a framework for describing the emergence of recurrent synchronization in complex networks with adaptive interactions. This phenomenon is manifested at the macroscopic level by temporal episodes of coherent and incoherent dynamics that alternate recurrently. At the same time, the dynamics of the individual nodes do not change qualitatively. We identify asymmetric adaptation rules and temporal separation between the adaptation and the dynamics of individual nodes as key features for the emergence of recurrent synchronization. Our results suggest that asymmetric adaptation might be a fundamental ingredient for recurrent synchronization phenomena as seen in pattern generators, e.g., in neuronal systems.
Clinical Use of Nonconventional Modes of Ventilator Support (2014)

High-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) is now a mainstay of respiratory care for the neonatal patient. In this chapter, we will define HFOV as those ventilators with a “true” active expiratory phase created by a piston or diaphragm. Jet ventilation and flow interrupters are discussed elsewhere in this book.
The relationship between molecular structure and the incidence of the NTBphase (2014)

In this work, we present the first part of a study into the relationship between molecular structure and the occurrence of the ‘twist-bend nematic phase’ (NTB). Given the large amount of chemical space that might reasonably be expected to give rise to the NTB phase, this paper is only concerned with methylene-linked bimesogens bearing polar terminal groups based on the initial work of George Gray on cyanobiphenyls. As with other studies, we find that the NTB phase is observed only for materials that contain an odd number of methylene units in the spacer chain. It also appears that, in a given series of materials, there is a weak negative correlation between the dipole moment of the individual mesogenic units and the thermal stability of the NTB phase. Furthermore, we find that increasing the length–breadth ratio of the individual mesogenic units also provides a significant increase in the thermal stability of the NTB phase. The electrooptic behaviour of two materials, one with a terminal nitrile unit and one with an isothiocyanate group, was investigated. The NTB phase of the NCS-terminated material can be switched with a large applied voltage (20 V μm−1); however, the analogous nitrile-terminated material showed no electrooptic response under these conditions. Either the threshold voltage to switching is simply lower for isothiocyanate materials than nitriles or that there is more than one phase currently identified as the twist-bend nematic.
Direct Cation-Cation Interactions in Primarily Ionic Solids (1960)

It is pointed out that there is considerable experimental evidence for direct cation-cation interactions in several primarily ionic solids containing transition-element cations with outer-electron configuration ndm,where m≤5. Competitive indirect (cation-anion-cation) interactions are dominant if m = 5. Nevertheless, if cation-occupied octahedra share a common face, as in the corundum and NiAs-type structures, the direct(cation-cation) interactions may also significantly influence the physical properties of the material. If octahedral-site cations have m≤3, the cation-anion-cation interactions are weak and cation- -cation interactionsmay be dominant. The consequences of cation- -cation interactions are described and shown to be quite distinct from those of cation-anion-cation interactions so that the dominant mechanism can usually be distinguished. Data for several illustrative materials are presented.
Optical imaging method to quantify spatial dose variation due to the electron return effect in an MR‐linac (2019)

There are some appreciable differences in dose intensity and spatial dose distribution observed between the novel experimental data set and the dose models produced by the current clinically implemented MR-IGRT TPS.
Nonmagnetic particles enhance magnetoelastic response of magnetic elastomers (2015)

The elastic modulus for bimodal magnetic elastomers has been investigated by compression measurements under large deformation. The bimodal magnetic elastomers consist of carbonyl iron magnetic particles and zinc oxide nonmagnetic particles. The Young's modulus for monomodal magnetic elastomers was 8.94 × 104 Pa at 0 mT and 1.65 × 105 Pa at 320 mT, respectively. The relative change in the Young's modulus for monomodal magnetic elastomer was 1.8, and it was raised to 5.8 only by mixing with the nonmagnetic particles of 9.6 vol. %. It is considered that the modulus enhancement originates from the stress transfer by the additional chains of magnetic particles via nonmagnetic particles. The electric resistivity analysis revealed that 27% of magnetic particles in a strand of chains were replaced by nonmagnetic particles. It was shown in the present study that the bimodal magnetic elastomers endured against a compression load of 30 N.
Automatic glaucoma diagnosis from fundus image (2011)

Glaucoma is currently diagnosed by glaucoma specialists using specialized imaging devices like HRT and OCT. Fundus imaging is a modality widely used in primary healthcare. An automatic glaucoma diagnosis system based on fundus image can be deployed to primary healthcare clinics and has potential for early disease diagnosis. A mass glaucoma screening program can also be facilitated using such a system. We present an automatic fundus image based cup-to-disc ratio measurement system; and demonstrate its potential for automatic objective glaucoma diagnosis and screening. It provides strong support to use fundus image as the modality for automatic glaucoma diagnosis.
Patterning of Microorganisms and Microparticles through Sequential Capillarity-assisted Assembly (2021)

Controlled patterning of microorganisms into defined spatial arrangements offers unique possibilities for a broad range of biological applications, including studies of microbial physiology and interactions. At the simplest level, accurate spatial patterning of microorganisms would enable reliable, long-term imaging of large numbers of individual cells and transform the ability to quantitatively study distance-dependent microbe-microbe interactions. More uniquely, coupling accurate spatial patterning and full control over environmental conditions, as offered by microfluidic technology, would provide a powerful and versatile platform for single-cell studies in microbial ecology. This paper presents a microfluidic platform to produce versatile and user-defined patterns of microorganisms within a microfluidic channel, allowing complete optical access for long-term, high-throughput monitoring. This new microfluidic technology is based on capillarity-assisted particle assembly and exploits the capillary forces arising from the controlled motion of an evaporating suspension inside a microfluidic channel to deposit individual microsized objects in an array of traps microfabricated onto a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate. Sequential depositions generate the desired spatial layout of single or multiple types of micro-sized objects, dictated solely by the geometry of the traps and the filling sequence. The platform has been calibrated using colloidal particles of different dimensions and materials: it has proven to be a powerful tool to generate diverse colloidal patterns and perform surface functionalization of trapped particles. Furthermore, the platform was tested on microbial cells, using Escherichia coli cells as a model bacterium. Thousands of individual cells were patterned on the surface, and their growth was monitored over time. In this platform, the coupling of single-cell deposition and microfluidic technology allows both geometric patterning of microorganisms and precise control of environmental conditions. It thus opens a window into the physiology of single microbes and the ecology of microbe-microbe interactions, as shown by preliminary experiments.
O4–04–03: Amnestic mild cognitive impairment in a referral population—a non–progressing subgroup exists on long–term follow–up (2006)

The majority of individuals meeting current criteria for Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) will eventually go on to dementia. It remains unclear, however, whether all of them will do so. There is accumulating evidence that patients with MCI may not have a uniformly poor prognosis. Few long–term studies of MCI patients seen in referral Memory Clinics exist to document this. To characterize the longitudinal natural history of amnestic MCI patients referred to a Memory Clinic. A cohort of individuals referred to the McGill/Jewish General Hospital Memory Clinic in Montreal, meeting current criteria for amnestic MCI (n= 89) were followed prospectively annually, or until progression to dementia. At presentation all patients had objective cognitive deficits (1.5 SD from norm) in episodic memory with or without other deficits. The clinical records and neuropsychological data were reviewed. The mean initial age of onset of subjective memory complaints was 68.1Â±8.5 years [57–82]. A subset of patients has shown no progression to dementia even after long term follow–up. The range of follow–up time for non–progressors has been 6 to 14 years. 18/89 (20%) of the cohort were still MCI a mean 12 years (min. follow–up 9 years) since onset of their memory loss. That number rises to 22/89 (25%) if the minimal follow–up time is reduced to 7.5 years, Possible confounders, insufficient in severity to result in exclusion from the study, were present in most subjects (20/22): these included cerebrovascular risk factors (present in 15 individuals), mild depressive symptoms (found in 12 subjects). psychotropic drug use (found in 11 subjects), various other co–morbid conditions with potential impact on cognition (found in 11 subjects), incidental finding of lacunes on MRI (n=2), and a remote history of static brain injury or general anesthesia (n=3). MCI is a heterogenous condition. Subjects who do not progress to dementia even 9 years after memory complaints begin, make up from 20% to 25% of a Memory Clinic MCI cohort. Confounding conditions and cognitive aging may produce this subgroup. The MCI prognosis, in other words, is not uniformly bleak.