gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Unrestricted Adversarial Attacks on ImageNet Competition (2021)

Many works have investigated the adversarial attacks or defenses under the settings where a bounded and imperceptible perturbation can be added to the input. However in the real-world, the attacker does not need to comply with this restriction. In fact, more threats to the deep model come from unrestricted adversarial examples, that is, the attacker makes large and visible modifications on the image, which causes the model classifying mistakenly, but does not affect the normal observation in human perspective. Unrestricted adversarial attack is a popular and practical direction but has not been studied thoroughly. We organize this competition with the purpose of exploring more effective unrestricted adversarial attack algorithm, so as to accelerate the academical research on the model robustness under stronger unbounded attacks. The competition is held on the TianChi platform (\url{https://tianchi.aliyun.com/competition/entrance/531853/introduction}) as one of the series of AI Security Challengers Program.
Eg5 is static in bipolar spindles relative to tubulin (2001)

We used fluorescent speckle microscopy to probe the dynamics of the mitotic kinesin Eg5 in Xenopus extract spindles, and compared them to microtubule dynamics. We found significant populations of Eg5 that were static over several seconds while microtubules flux towards spindle poles. Eg5 dynamics are frozen by adenylimidodiphosphate. Bulk turnover experiments showed that Eg5 can exchange between the spindle and the extract with a half life of <55 s. Eg5 distribution in spindles was not perturbed by inhibition of its motor activity with monastrol, but was perturbed by inhibition of dynactin with p50 dynamitin. We interpret these data as revealing the existence of a static spindle matrix that promotes Eg5 targeting to spindles, and transient immobilization of Eg5 within spindles. We discuss alternative interpretations of the Eg5 dynamics we observe, ideas for the biochemical nature of a spindle matrix, and implications for Eg5 function.
High Quality Audio Coding with Mdctnet (2023)

We propose a neural audio generative model, MDCTNet, operating in the perceptually weighted domain of an adaptive modified discrete cosine transform (MDCT). The architecture of the model captures correlations in both time and frequency directions with recurrent layers (RNNs). An audio coding system is obtained by training MDCTNet on a diverse set of fullband monophonic audio signals at 48 kHz sampling, conditioned by a perceptual audio encoder. In a subjective listening test with ten excerpts chosen to be balanced across content types, yet critical for both codecs, the mean performance of the proposed system for 24 kb/s variable bitrate (VBR) is similar to that of Opus at twice the bitrate.
Optically Excited MOS-Capacitor for Recombination Lifetime Measurement (2014)

Carrier recombination lifetime measurements have always been a challenging task when performed on epitaxial layers. This is due to the fact that most techniques determine the lifetime value by measuring the minority carriers’ diffusion length. We will present a new method for measuring the lifetime parameter using light excitation on a MOS-capacitor that is biased into heavy inversion. The annihilation of the optically generated carriers under the shield of an existing depletion region simplifies the mathematical analysis. We show that our proposed approach, corroborated by experimental results, is capable of monitoring lifetime variations due to the presence of metallic impurities as low as <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="TeX">\(10^{10}\) </tex-math></inline-formula> cm <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="TeX">\(^{-3}\) </tex-math></inline-formula> .
An Evaluation Framework for an Automated Electric Transportation Network (2011)

Automated Electric Transportation (AET) represents a new approach for surface transportation that addresses the major challenges associated with automobile dependency – energy, capacity, safety, and emissions. In urban areas, integrated multi-modal systems have made measurable impacts on the cost of urban transportation and the quality of urban life. Similar solutions are needed in areas that will rely on automobiles for the foreseeable future. AET does not seek to eliminate the automobile, but rather to improve it. To achieve this, AET proposes an electrified freeway system supporting in-motion energy transfer that will overcome challenges to electric vehicles (EVs) including battery weight, cost, and range. In addition, evolution from human-guided to automated vehicles has the potential to significantly increase freeway capacity through more efficient use of available roadway surfaces and higher speeds. AET operational concepts will allow for reduction of recurring congestion while eliminating driver-related crashes that generate non-recurring congestion. Favorable speed profiles combined with lower congestion levels will reduce the energy required to power the vehicles. In order for AET to be a viable concept, it is necessary for transportation and planning professionals to gain a quantitative understanding of AET benefits and costs. The goal of this paper is to introduce an evaluation framework that will serve as an integrating mechanism to gain a quantitative understanding of the costs, benefits, and challenges of achieving effective energy transfer and vehicle guidance, and extend the definitions of conventional highway performance to AET in areas of energy, capacity, safety, and emissions.
A novel coupling algorithm for computing blood flow in viscoelastic arterial models (2013)

We propose a novel coupling algorithm, based on the operator-splitting scheme, which implements the viscoelastic wall law at the coupling nodes of the vessels. Two different viscoelastic models are used (V1 and V2), leading to five different computational setups: elastic wall law, model V1 applied at interior and coupling grid points, model V1 applied only at the interior grid points (V1-int), model V2 applied at interior and coupling grid points, model V2 applied only at the interior grid points (V2-int). These have been tested with two arterial configurations: (i) single artery, and (ii) complete arterial tree. Models V1-int and V2-int lead to incorrect conclusions and to errors which can be of the same order as, and are at least 1/5 of, the difference between the results with the elastic and the viscoelastic laws. Both test cases demonstrate the importance of modeling the viscous component of the pressure-area relationship at all grid points, including the coupling points between vessels or at the inlet/outlet of the model.
Sequence‐Dependence of secondary structure formation: Conformational studies of host–guest peptides in α‐helix and β‐structure supporting media (1985)

Abstract A newly designed host–guest approach is introduced as a experimental tool to explore the relationship between the sequence of peptides and their secondary structure. From the CD spectra of the host–guest peptides studied, a tentative scale for the α‐helix potential in 2,2,2‐trifluorethanol of guest amino acids is delineated. The conformational preferences are also examined in β‐structure supporting media (solid state, CH 2 Cl 2 , CH 3 OH, H 2 O) using ir‐absorption and CD techniques. Scales for the β‐forming tendency of guest amino acid residues in the different media are delineated. It is shown that the preferred conformation of the host–guest peptides is a function of the medium, the chain length, and the protecting groups. Given the fact that conformational effects are important in peptide synthesis, the tentative scales may serve as a guideline to predict secondary structures of side‐chain‐protected or ‐deprotected peptides in a given solvent, complementing the well‐known empirical conformational prediction parameters.
Adaptive optics full-field optical coherence tomography (2016)

We describe a simple and compact full-field optical coherence tomography (FFOCT) setup coupled to a transmissive liquid crystal spatial light modulator (LCSLM) to induce or correct aberrations. To reduce the system complexity, strict pupil conjugation was abandoned because low-order aberrations are often dominant. We experimentally confirmed a recent theoretical and experimental demonstration that the image resolution was almost insensitive to aberrations that mostly induce a reduction of the signal level. As a consequence, an image-based algorithm was applied for the optimization process by using the FFOCT image intensity as the metric. Aberration corrections were demonstrated with both an USAF resolution target and biological samples for LCSLM-induced and sample-induced wavefront distortions.
Pd(.eta.1-H2) and Pd(.eta.2-H2): ligand-free end-on and side-on bonded molecular dihydrogen complexes (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPd(.eta.1-H2) and Pd(.eta.2-H2): ligand-free end-on and side-on bonded molecular dihydrogen complexesGeoffrey A. Ozin and Jaime. Garcia-PrietoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 11, 3099–3100Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00271a047https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00271a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views225Altmetric-Citations50LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Performance analysis of space-time codes in the presence of spatio-temporal correlation (2003)

We study the impact of spatio-temporal correlation on the performance of space-time codes. We present an upper bound on pairwise word error probability of space-time codes over flat-fading Rician channels. The bound, which has a closed form expression, can be used as the basis for a unified approach to analyze and design space-time codes over any flat, Rician or Rayleigh, block-fading channel. We also present an upper and a lower bound for the diversity of the code in the presence of channel correlation. Moreover, we address the effect of spatio-temporal correlation on the mean value and variance of the instantaneous channel capacity and describe its impact on the outage probability.
Receptor-Binding Affinities of Human Epidermal Growth Factor Variants Having Unnatural Amino Acid Residues in Position 23 (1994)

Ile-23 of human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) has been indicated, by mutagenesis and NMR studies, to be directly recognized by the receptor. In the present study, an unnatural phenylalanine analog, either 2-azaphenylalanine (2aF), 3-azaphenylalanine (3aF), 4-azaphenylalanine (4aF), or 4-fluorophenylalanine (4fF), was incorporated by an in vivo protein synthesis system into position 23 of [Phe23]hEGF, which retains appreciable receptor-binding affinity (about 20% of the wild type). We compared the receptor-binding affinities of the variants with that of [Phe23]hEGF and found that substitution of Phe-23 with 2aF or 3aF raised the affinity, while substitution with 4aF or 4fF remarkably reduced the affinity. The tertiary structure of [Phe23]hEGF was not significantly affected by the substitution of Phe-23 with 2aF, as shown by the two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. In addition, the substitution of residue 23 with His or Tyr produced an hEGF variant with a slightly higher receptor-binding affinity than that of [Phe23]hEGF. Our results suggest that the receptor has an asymmetric hydrophobic pocket for recognition of the side chain in position 23 of hEGF. Furthermore, on the receptor surface, this pocket seems to be adjacent to a less hydrophobic region with a hydrogen-bond acceptor and donor. Thus, the use of unnatural amino acids in addition to the 20 natural ones allows analyses of the structure-function relationship of a protein at a higher resolution than conventional site-directed substitution by only natural amino acid residues.
Stub-Loaded Long-Wire Monopoles Optimized for High Gain Performance (2008)

A technique to realize stub-loaded monopoles with enhanced gain performance is introduced in this paper. The omnidirectional high gain is achieved by combining an electrically long monopole with stubs attached at optimal locations along the antenna. In general, the lengths of the stub-loaded monopoles presented in this paper are significantly longer than conventional quarter-wave monopoles. Long wires alone do not provide the desired gain and VSWR performance; the stubs connected to the long monopole are vital in realizing simultaneous high gain and low VSWR at the intended operating frequency. A genetic algorithm (GA) is employed to optimize the locations and lengths of each of the stubs required to meet the design objectives. The results of this work show that between 11 and 12 dBi of gain can be obtained when the stub-loaded monopoles are placed over an infinite ground plane, whereas 8 dBi is obtained for one example when sited over a finite ground plane. A prototype of an optimized stub-loaded monopole was fabricated and tested. Excellent agreement was achieved between the measured and simulated results.
Triblock polymers for nanoporous membranes. (2012)

Abstract Not Provided
MEMS-Controllable Microlens Array for Beam Steering and Precision Alignment in Optical Interconnect Systems (2000)

Novel, 2-dimensional MEMS-controllable microlens array has been integrated with a Vertical-Cavity-Surface-Emitting-Laser (VCSEL) array using a flip-chip assembly. The MEMSNCSEL hybrid system is demonstrated for efficient and reliable smart pixel arrays for board-to-board or chip-to-chip optical interconnects in digital systems. By translating polymer microlens, fabricated on a MEMS X-Y movable plate, using electro-thermal actuators, a beam steering angle of 70 mrad is achieved. VCSEL beam steering was successfully demonstrated in our MEMS/VCSEL hybrid system to collimate and steer laser beam for a precision alignment in a 2-dimensional free-space optical interconnect.
Three-step fast cell search algorithm utilizing common pilot channel for OFCDM broadband packet wireless access (2003)

This paper proposes a three-step cell search algorithm that utilizes only the common pilot channel (CPICH) for the forward link orthogonal frequency and code division multiplexing (OFCDM) broadband packet wireless access, assuming two-layered spreading code assignment with a cell-specific scrambling code (CSSC) and a channel-specific orthogonal code (CSOC). The proposed cell search algorithm is performed in the following three steps: OFCDM symbol timing detection utilizing the guard interval timing in the first step; successive simultaneous frame timing and CSSC group detection in the second step by taking the correlation of the CPICH based on the property yielded by shifting the CSSC phase in the frequency domain; and CSSC identification within the group based on the correlation detection with CPICH in the third step. The most prominent feature of the proposed cell search algorithm is that it does not employ the conventional synchronization channel (SCH), which is exclusively used for the cell search. Computer simulation results elucidate that when the transmission power ratio of the CPICH to one code channel of the traffic channel (TCH) is more than 9 dB, the proposed cell search method achieves faster cell search time performance compared to the conventional method using the SCH with the transmission power ratio of the SCH to one code channel of the TCH of 3 dB. Furthermore, the results show that it can accomplish the cell search within 1.7 msec at 95% of the locations in a 12-path Rayleigh fading channel with the maximum Doppler frequency of 80 Hz and the r.m.s. delay spread of 0.32 /spl mu/sec.
Course and laboratory instructions in power electronics (2002)

In this paper, the topic of undergraduate and graduate education in the field of power electronics is presented. Based on several surveys conducted in recent years by the Power Engineering Education Resources Subcommittee, the collected data is closely examined in order to shed some light on the educational aspects in the field of power electronics. Suggested undergraduate and graduate curricula in power electronics along with key course content are presented. Moreover, the importance of hardware laboratory and Pspice simulation as supporting facilities for effective power electronics education are also addressed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A Study about the Elimination of Component External Calibration in Intraoral Imaging Plate Scanner (2018)

This thesis describes the process of how the external calibration of component in intraoral imaging plate scanner or photomultiplier tube (PMT) in specific could be eliminated using measurements and statistics. The result of this thesis will be applied to the new intraoral imaging plate scanner where the lean methodology should be fulfilled.&#13;\n&#13;\nThree photomultipliers (PMT) with manufacturer’s measurement data were taken to perform the required tests. These tests were implemented in such a way that input X-ray dose level and supply voltage (HV) to the photomultiplier tubes were fluctuating in order to examine the behaviour of the system output signal.&#13;\n&#13;\nFollowing that, the high voltage tolerance window was evaluated based on repeatability tests with three chosen tubes.&#13;\n&#13;\nFinally, after analysing the output signal, the variation between manufacturer’s measurements and Kavo Kerr measurements was in the tolerance window. Therefore, elimination of the calibration process of photomultiplier tube in production line is feasible.
Antiviral Compounds for the Treatment of HCV (2013)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVPatent HighlightNEXTAntiviral Compounds for the Treatment of HCVBenjamin Blass*View Author Information Temple University School of Pharmacy, 3307 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, United States*Tel: 215-707-1085. E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: ACS Med. Chem. Lett. 2014, 5, 3, 230–231Publication Date (Web):November 11, 2013Publication History Received26 October 2013Published online11 November 2013Published inissue 13 March 2014https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ml400426thttps://doi.org/10.1021/ml400426teditorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2013 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views740Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (260 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Alkyls,Antimicrobial agents,Hepatitis,Infectious diseases,Therapeutics Get e-Alerts
Data from MicroRNA Signature of Primary Pigmented Nodular Adrenocortical Disease: Clinical Correlations and Regulation of <i>Wnt</i> Signaling (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;MicroRNAs comprise a novel group of gene regulators implicated in the development of different types of cancer; however, their role in primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease (PPNAD) has not been investigated. PPNAD is a bilateral adrenal hyperplasia often associated with Carney complex, a multiple neoplasia syndrome; both disorders are caused by protein kinase A (PKA) regulatory subunit type 1A (&lt;i&gt;PRKARIA&lt;/i&gt;)–inactivating mutations. We identified a 44-microRNA gene signature of PPNAD after comparing PPNAD with normal adrenal samples. Specifically, 33 microRNAs were up-regulated and 11 down-regulated in PPNAD relative to normal tissues. These results were validated by stem loop real-time PCR analysis. Comparison of microRNA microarray data with clinicopathologic variables revealed a negative correlation (&lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt; = −0.9499) between &lt;i&gt;let-7b&lt;/i&gt; expression and cortisol levels in patients with PPNAD. Integration of microRNA microarray with serial analysis of gene expression data together with bioinformatic algorithm predictions revealed nine microRNA-gene target pairs with a potential role in adrenal pathogenesis. Using a PPNAD cell line, we showed that miR-449 was up-regulated and identified its direct target, WNT1-inducible signaling pathway protein 2 (&lt;i&gt;WISP2&lt;/i&gt;); in addition, pharmacologic inhibition of PKA resulted in the up-regulation of miR-449 leading to the suppression of &lt;i&gt;WISP2&lt;/i&gt;. Overall, we investigated, for the first time, the microRNA profile and its clinical significance in PPNAD; these data also suggest that PKA, via microRNA regulation, affects the Wnt signaling pathway, which through expression and clinical studies is suspected to be a primary mediator of &lt;i&gt;PRKAR1A&lt;/i&gt;-related tumorigenesis. [Cancer Res 2009;69(8):3278–82]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
The MAP1B-LC1/UBE2L3 complex catalyzes degradation of cell surface CaV2.2 channels (2014)

We reported recently a new mechanism by which the neuronal N-type Ca(2+) (CaV2.2) channel expression may be regulated by ubiquitination. This mechanism involves the interaction between the channel and the light chain (LC1) of the microtubule associated protein B (MAP1B). We also showed that MAP1B-LC1 could interact with the ubiquitin-conjugating E2 enzyme UBE2L3 and that the ubiquitination/degradation mechanism triggered by MAP1B-LC1 could be prevented by inhibiting the ubiquitin-proteasome proteolytic pathway. We now report that MAP1B-LC1 can interact with the 2 main variants of the CaV2.2 channels (CaV2.2e37a and CaV2.2e37b) and that the MAP1B-LC1-mediated regulation most likely involves an internalization of the channels via a dynamin and clathrin-dependent pathway. In addition, here we propose that this novel mechanism of CaV channel regulation might be conserved among N-type and P/Q-type channels.