gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Linearly-coupled fountain codes for network-coded multiple access (2014)

We propose a low-complexity digital fountain approach for network-coded multiple access (NCMA), where each source node encodes its input packets using a fountain code. In NCMA, both physical-layer network coding and multiuser decoding are employed in the physical layer of the sink node, so that the output of the physical layer is the coupling of the fountain codes employed at the source nodes. We demonstrate that a belief propagation (BP) decoding algorithm can effectively decode the coupled fountain codes to recover the input packets of all source nodes. Our approach significantly reduces the decoding complexity compared with the previous NCMA schemes based on Reed-Solomon codes and random linear codes, and hence has the potential to increase throughput and decrease delay in computation-limited NCMA systems.
Ice-core data used for the construction of the Greenland Ice-Core Chronology 2005 and 2021 (GICC05 and GICC21) (2023)

Abstract. We here describe, document, and make available a wide range of data sets used for annual layer identification in ice cores from DYE-3, GRIP, NGRIP, NEEM, and EGRIP. The data stem from detailed measurements performed both on the main deep cores and shallow cores over more than forty years using many different setups developed by research groups in several countries, and comprise both discrete measurements from cut ice samples and continuous-flow analysis data. The data series were used for the construction of the Greenland Ice-Core Chronology 2005 (GICC05) and/or the revised GICC21. Now that the underlying data are made available, we also release the individual annual layer positions of the GICC05 time scale which are based on these data sets. We hope that the release of the data sets will stimulate further studies of the past climate taking advantage of these highly resolved data series covering a large part of the interior of the Greenland ice sheet.
Shrinkage-corrected volume holograms based on photopolymeric phase media for surface-normal optical interconnects (1997)

The film shrinkage effect of photopolymeric phase media failed to provide the desired volume holograms for point-to-point optical interconnects. In this letter, we report a compensation method to physically correct the shrinkage effect that resulted from the holographic recording and the postbaking. Dupont photopolymer HRF-600X001 is studied. The correction of the Bragg diffraction angle shift of 1°21′, which is induced by a 5.25% film shrinkage, is successfully demonstrated with the surface-normal configuration. A shrinkage-corrected volume hologram with 80% diffraction efficiency is experimentally confirmed. The methodology reported herein is applicable to other phase media when the associated film shrinkage data are experimentally determined.
Research Status on Nonlinear Transmission Lines for RF Generation (2020)

High power RF generation using alternative methods based on a non-conventional technique has been investigated recently. In general, conventional based-tube RF generation requires vacuum and heating filament, which consumes space and power. In our research, it is envisaged the use of nonlinear transmission lines (NLTLs) to replace the RF tubes in several applications as these new devices are all solid-state. For instance, lumped NLTLs can be used in the disruption of battlefield communications and drone telecommands as well in SAR radars for image remote sensing. There are two types of NLTLs: lumped lines with at least one nonlinear component (L or C) and nondispersive continuous ferrite loaded lines biased by an external axial magnetic field, known as gyromagnetic. With lumped NLTLs, our ongoing experiments have shown the operation of these devices at 300 MHz, using SiC Schottky diodes with a pair of DRG antennas for propagation <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> . With gyromagnetic lines, the recent results have demonstrated that these lines can also operate in the lower band range <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> (200 MHz). For future tests, it is expected that these lines will reach operation frequencies up to 1.5 GHz using permanent magnets for compact space applications.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of the Perhydroindole Nucleus by a Pummerer/Mannich Induced Cyclization Cascade. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Supplementary Table S1 from High <i>FGFR1–4</i> mRNA Expression Levels Correlate with Response to Selective FGFR Inhibitors in Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table S1 PDXs subtype, genotype and drug efficacy data&lt;/p&gt;
Irradiation effect Predictions in MgO using Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Incident Single and Multiple Au Ions (2021)

This paper investigates radiation effects in MgO using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations by single, 5 and 10 incident Au ions of energies ranging from 5-20 keV. The simulations employed a splined Buckingham+ZBL potential. The directional dependence of the threshold displacement energies (TDEs) for Frenkel pair formation and the TDE probability distributions for the displacement of an atom are calculated for both PKA types. The determined TDEs corresponding to 50% displacement probability of an atom by O and Mg PKAs are 94 eV and 91 eV, respectively. The effects of radiation by multiple ions are compared to those by 5-50 keV single Au ions. While the length of the produced defect cascade increases proportional to the total energy deposited, the volume of the defect clusters depends on the number of incident ions. For the same total energy, the volumes of the defect clusters produced by multiple incident ions are much larger than with single incident ions. The number of peak and residual defects produced with 10, 5-keV incident ions are an order of magnitude higher than with 5, 20-keV ions. The selected area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns and the radial distribution functions (RDFs) of the results show that 10 incident ions of 10 and 20 keV each, produce significant defects and cause ballistic melting at the peak of the ballistic phase of interaction. After annealing, the irradiated region recrystallizes, with some isolated amorphous pockets remaining. With 10, 20-keV incident ions, a cluster of ≈102,500 vacancies form at the peak of the ballistic phase, however, the number of residual vacancies is approximately 20 times lower. The sizes of the residual vacancy and interstitial clusters appear stable over the 50-100 picoseconds of the performed MD simulations.
Epimerization Reaction of a Substituted Vinylcyclopropane Catalyzed by Ruthenium Carbenes:  Mechanistic Analysis (2006)

A novel ruthenium carbene-catalyzed epimerization of vinylcyclopropanes is reported. The reaction rate strongly depends on the presence of ruthenium ligands in solution. When the first-generation Grubbs catalyst is employed, a 5.3:1 equilibrium ratio of epimers is established quickly, but when a first-generation Hoveyda catalyst is employed, epimerization is observed only if an additional phosphine or nitrogen ligand is added. NMR and kinetic studies suggest that the isomerization reaction occurs through the intermediacy of a ruthenacyclopentene. The observation suggests that cyclopropylmethylidene ruthenium carbenes of synthetic utility may be accessible via ruthenacyclopentenes obtained via other routes.
Oxygen Consumption and Diffusion Effects in Photodynamic Therapy (1991)

Effects of oxygen consumption in photodynamic therapy (PDT) are considered theoretically and experimentally. A mathematical model of the Type II mechanism of photooxidation is used to compute estimates of the rate of therapy-dependent in vivo oxygen depletion resulting from reactions of singlet oxygen (1O2) with intracellular substrate. Calculations indicate that PDT carried out at incident light intensities of 50 mW/cm2 may consume 3O2 at rates as high as 6-9 microM s-1. An approximate model of oxygen diffusion shows that these consumption rates are large enough to decrease the radius of oxygenated cells around an isolated capillary. Thus, during photoirradiation, cells sufficiently remote from the capillary wall may reside at oxygen tensions that are low enough to preclude or minimize 1O2-mediated damage. This effect is more pronounced at higher power densities and accounts for an enhanced therapeutic response in tumors treated with 360 J/cm2 delivered at 50 mW/cm2 compared to the same light dose delivered at 200 mW/cm2. The analysis further suggests that the oxygen depletion could be partially overcome by fractionating the light delivery. In a transplanted mammary tumor model, a regimen of 30-s exposures followed by 30-s dark periods produced significantly longer delays in tumor growth when compared to the continuous delivery of the same total fluence.
Increasing the Refractive Index of a Germanosilicate Planar Waveguide by Irradiation with an Infrared Ultrashort Pulse Laser. (2002)

Reported here is the use of the focused beam of an infrared ultrashort pulse laser (150 femtoseconds pulse width, 200 kHz repetition rate, 800 nm wavelength, and 100 μm/s scanning speed) to increase the refractive index of a germanium-doped silica-glass planar waveguide. The increase obtained, Δn, itself increases in proportion to increases in the laser intensity of the surface irradiation, and it saturates to 1.6 ∼ 1.8 × 10-3 at 2.2 TW/cm2, without producing any increase in insertion loss and birefringence. Further, no decay in the refractive index change is observed after annealing at 200 °C for 10 hours. Results show that ultrashort pulse lasers are more suitable than UV lasers as light sources for highly stable adjustment of the optical lengths of waveguide devices.
The efficiency of various carriers on the dyeing of an acrylic fibre (1995)

The effects of various carriers on the reduction of the glass transition temperature (T g ) and the dyeing transition temperature (T d ) of an acrylic fibre in a cationic dyeing system have been investigated. Linear relationships were found between the concentration of carriers in the fibre and the reduction of the T g and the T d of the fibre. The efficiency of various carriers in reducing the T g and the T d , when compared in terms of the molar concentrations of the carriers in the fibre, was found to be similar, regardless of the carriers used.
Localization of the extracellular Ca2+/polyvalent cation-sensing protein in rat kidney (1998)

We previously identified transcripts encoding a G protein-coupled, extracellular calcium/polyvalent cation-sensing receptor, RaKCaR, in rat kidney (D. Riccardi, J. Park, W.-S. Lee, G. Gamba, E. M. Brown, and S. C. Hebert. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92:131-135, 1994), which was proposed to provide the mechanism for modulating a variety of renal functions in response to changes in extracellular Ca2+ (E. M. Brown. In: Handbook of Physiology. Bethesda, MD: Am. Physiol. Soc., 1992, sect. 8, vol. 2, chapt. 39, p. 1841-1916; and S. C. Hebert. Kidney Int. 50: 2129-2139, 1996). Here, we examine the cellular and regional distribution of receptor protein by immunofluorescence microscopy using a polyclonal antibody raised against a 22 amino acid region of the NH2 terminus of the receptor. The most intense fluorescence was seen at the basolateral border of cortical thick ascending limb cells. Basolateral staining for the receptor was also detected in medullary thick ascending limbs, in macula densa cells identified by costaining with antibody to brain nitric oxide synthase, NOS-B1, and in distal convoluted tubule cells distinguished by costaining for the apical thiazide-sensitive Na(+)-Cl- cotransporter. Apical anti-RaKCaR staining was detected at the base of the brush border of proximal tubules with decreasing intensity from S1 to S3 segments. In cortical collecting ducts, anti-RaKCaR staining was detected in some, but not all, type A intercalated cells identified by costaining with anti-H(+)-ATPase and anti-AE1 Cl-/HCO3- exchanger antibodies. The present study demonstrates that RaKCaR protein is expressed in many different nephron segments and that the polarity of receptor expression varies with cell type along the nephron. These results suggest potential roles for the extracellular Ca2+/ polyvalent cation-sensing receptor in responding to both circulating and urinary concentrations of divalent minerals and potentially other polyvalent cations (e.g., aminoglycoside antibiotics) to modulate nephron function.
Microbial Nanocellulose Printed Circuit Boards for Medical Sensing (2020)

We demonstrate the viability of using ultra-thin sheets of microbially grown nanocellulose to build functional medical sensors. Microbially grown nanocellulose is an interesting alternative to plastics, as it is hydrophilic, biocompatible, porous, and hydrogen bonding, thereby allowing the potential development of new application routes. Exploiting the distinguishing properties of this material enables us to develop solution-based processes to create nanocellulose printed circuit boards, allowing a variety of electronics to be mounted onto our nanocellulose. As proofs of concept, we have demonstrated applications in medical sensing such as heart rate monitoring and temperature sensing-potential applications fitting the wide-ranging paradigm of a future where the Internet of Things is dominant.
Valganciclovir (VGCV) followed by cytomegalovirus (CMV) hyperimmune globulin compared to VGCV for 200 days in abdominal organ transplant recipients at high risk for CMV infection: A prospective, randomized pilot study (2017)

Use of CMV HIG sequentially with prophylaxis may be an effective and affordable prophylactic regimen in abdominal transplant recipients at high risk for CMV, and warrants larger prospective study. Increased monitoring for patients with obesity may be warranted.
Randomized phase II trial of maintenance sunitinib versus placebo following response to chemotherapy (CT) for patients (pts) with advanced urothelial carcinoma (UC). (2012)

265 Background: UC response to CT is not durable. Angiogenesis may play a role in the progression of UC. We evaluated whether maintenance sunitinib delays progression after response to CT. Methods: Pts with ECOG PS 0-2, adequate organ function, stable disease, partial or complete response (SD, PR, CR) after 4-6 cycles of CT for advanced UC were randomized to oral sunitinib 50 mg/day, 28 days on, 14 days off (6-week cycle) or placebo. Disease was assessed every 12 wks. At progression, placebo pts were offered open label sunitinib. Primary endpoint: progression rate at 6 months (ms); secondary endpoints: safety, objective response rate, survival, VEGF/sVEGFR2 serum level changes. Using a randomized selection design 42 pts/arm has 90% probability of selecting sunitinib if true reduction in 6-ms progression rate is 15% (from 50% to 35%). Results: Study was closed early due to slow accrual. 54 pts with median age 69 years, median ECOG PS 1, 70% with bladder primary, 26 with SD, 23 with PR, 5 with CR to CT were randomized to sunitinib (26) or placebo (28). The median number of cycles was 2/arm (sunitinib 0-15, placebo 0-13). The 6-ms progression rate was 81% (95%CI 61-93%), median time-to-progression (TTP) 5 ms (0.3-22.2, 95%CI 2.4-6.3) for sunitinib and 75% (95%CI 55-89%), 2.7 ms (0.8-19.6, 95%CI 2.5-7.4) for placebo. Response rate in pts with SD at enrollment was 9% for sunitinib and 7% for placebo. Most common G3/4 AEs on sunitinib were diarrhea (15.4%/0%), fatigue (15.4%/3.8%), thrombocytopenia (15.4%/7.7%), hypertension (11.5%/0%). 16 placebo pts received sunitinib with best response 1 PR (6.25%), 6 SD (37.5%), 5 PD (31.25%); 4 not response evaluable. Median TTP was 3.4 ms (0.1-22, 95%CI 1.6-5.5). 11 pts had G3/4 AEs, 5 pts discontinued sunitinib due to AEs (4 related, 1 unrelated). Placebo pts had no change in VEGF/sVEGFR2 over time. Sunitinib pts had no change in VEGF but sVEGFR2 significantly decreased after 1 cycle (p&lt;0.0001) and at progression (p=0.0002). VEGF/sVEGFR2 did not correlate with TTP. Conclusions: Maintenance sunitinib was feasible but did not improve 6-ms progression rate; open label sunitinib had limited activity. sVEGFR-2 decreased on sunitinib.
Meso-scale measurement of the electrical spreading resistance in highly anisotropic media (2014)

The spreading resistance of circular contacts with a radius in the range from 60 nm to 500 nm has been measured in highly oriented pyrolytic graphite which is known to exhibit an extremely large electrical conductance anisotropy due to the layered structure. The experimental data are compatible with a diffusive transport model characterized by an inverse scaling of the spreading resistance with contact radius with an effective resistivity of ρeff = 5.7 ± 0.3 × 10−5 Ω m. Based on a scaling theory of the conduction in anisotropic media, we infer a ratio of the in-plane to out-of-plane conductance of 3.6 × 104 in agreement with literature. Accordingly, the radius of the effective area probed is on the order of 100 μm, which is much larger than the radius of contact, whereas the penetration depth into the sample is around 1 nm to 5 nm corresponding to 3–15 graphite layers. Remarkably, no deviation from the scaling model is observed despite the fact that only a small number of graphite layers are involved in the conduction.
Novel theranostic agent for PET imaging and targeted radiopharmaceutical therapy of tumour-infiltrating immune cells in glioma (2021)

A full list of funding bodies that contributed to this study can be found in the Acknowledgements section.
Continuously gain-calibrated Hall sensor analog front-end for current measurement (2005)

LEG1
Biotypic Diversity in Colorado Russian Wheat Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Populations (2008)

The biotypic diversity of the Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Kurdjumov) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), was assessed in five isolates collected in Colorado. Three isolates, RWA 1, RWA 2, and an isolate from Montezuma County, CO, designated RWA 6, were originally collected from cultivated wheat, Triticum aestivum L., and obtained from established colonies at Colorado State University. The fourth isolate, designated RWA 7, was collected from Canada wildrye, Elymus canadensis L., in Baca County, CO. The fifth isolate, designated RWA 8, was collected from crested wheatgrass, Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn., in Montezuma County, CO. The four isolates were characterized in a standard seedling assay, by using 24 plant differentials, 22 wheat lines and two barley, Hordeum vulgare L., lines. RWA 1 was the least virulent of the isolates, killing only the four susceptible entries. RWA 8 also killed only the four susceptible entries, but it expressed intermediate virulence on seven wheat lines. RWA 6, killing nine entries, and RWA 7, killing 11 entries, both expressed an intermediate level of virulence overall, but differed in their level of virulence to 'CO03797' (Dn1), 'Yumar' (Dn4), and 'CO960293-2'. RWA 2 was the most virulent isolate, killing 14 entries, including Dn4- and Dny-containing wheat. Four wheat lines, '94M370' (Dn7), 'STARS 02RWA2414-11', CO03797, and 'CI2401', were resistant to the five isolates. The results of this screening confirm the presence of five unique Russian wheat aphid biotypes in Colorado.
Distributed Verification of Structural Controllability for Linear Time-Invariant Systems (2015)

Motivated by the development and deployment of large-scale dynamical systems, often composed of geographically distributed smaller subsystems, we address the problem of verifying their controllability in a distributed manner. In this work we study controllability in the structural system theoretic sense, structural controllability. In other words, instead of focusing on a specific numerical system realization, we provide guarantees for equivalence classes of linear time-invariant systems on the basis of their structural sparsity patterns, i.e., location of zero/nonzero entries in the plant matrices. To this end, we first propose several necessary and/or sufficient conditions to ensure structural controllability of the overall system, on the basis of the structural patterns of the subsystems and their interconnections. The proposed verification criteria are shown to be efficiently implementable (i.e., with polynomial time complexity in the number of the state variables and inputs) in two important subclasses of interconnected dynamical systems: similar (i.e., every subsystem has the same structure), and serial (i.e., every subsystem outputs to at most one other subsystem). Secondly, we provide a distributed algorithm to verify structural controllability for interconnected dynamical systems. The proposed distributed algorithm is efficient and implementable at the subsystem level; the algorithm is iterative, based on communication among (physically) interconnected subsystems, and requires only local model and interconnection knowledge at each subsystem.
Distinct patterns of somatic alterations in a lymphoblastoid and a tumor genome derived from the same individual (2011)

Although patterns of somatic alterations have been reported for tumor genomes, little is known on how they compare with alterations present in non-tumor genomes. A comparison of the two would be crucial to better characterize the genetic alterations driving tumorigenesis. We sequenced the genomes of a lymphoblastoid (HCC1954BL) and a breast tumor (HCC1954) cell line derived from the same patient and compared the somatic alterations present in both. The lymphoblastoid genome presents a comparable number and similar spectrum of nucleotide substitutions to that found in the tumor genome. However, a significant difference in the ratio of non-synonymous to synonymous substitutions was observed between both genomes (P = 0.031). Protein-protein interaction analysis revealed that mutations in the tumor genome preferentially affect hub-genes (P = 0.0017) and are co-selected to present synergistic functions (P < 0.0001). KEGG analysis showed that in the tumor genome most mutated genes were organized into signaling pathways related to tumorigenesis. No such organization or synergy was observed in the lymphoblastoid genome. Our results indicate that endogenous mutagens and replication errors can generate the overall number of mutations required to drive tumorigenesis and that it is the combination rather than the frequency of mutations that is crucial to complete tumorigenic transformation.
MOD-P SIERPINSKI FRACTAL MULTIBAND ANTENNA (2013)

Multiband antennas have an important role in the incoming telecommunication systems. A new set of multiband\nantennas based on fractal geometry, referred as mod-p Sierpinski gaskets is presented. These novel designs constitute a\ngeneralisation of the Sierpinski antenna already analysed, and presenta log-periodic behaviour due to their fractal selfsimilarity\nproperties.
Experience of 2 dental clinics registered to ISO 9002. (2003)

This paper describes the 3-year experience of managing 2 hospital-based dental clinics registered to ISO 9002:1994; it also examines the revision of previous quality management standards in 2 separate institutions to prepare for registration under the new ISO 9001:2000 standard. Daily equipment and process checks, combined with internal audits, were the backbone of the quality system at both locations. Corrective and protective actions had been underused, because of the partial duplication produced by 2 different institutionally mandated risk management and incident reporting systems. ISO 9002 registration provided both dental clinics with responsive quality systems, emphasizing patient satisfaction and providing measurable continuous quality improvement.