gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of 3D alternating PSM structures using mask topography simulation, and AIMS at λ=193nm (2001)

The extendibility of alternating aperture phase shifting masks (AAPSM) is investigated using reticle topography simulation. Aerial image measurements with an ArF AIMS tool are used to calibrate the simulated performance of the AAPSM. Simulations are performed for several illumination conditions through pitch allowing understanding of reticle performance that will be required to reach the 70nm node. Simulation convergence, speed, and memory requirements are also reported on for Solid CM. Experimental AIMS data are analyzed to extract the effective phase through pitch for several etch targets. These phase measurements are compared to simulations using AFM characterization of the same mask. Simulated aerial images through pitch are directly compared to those measured on AIMS. Qualitative agreement between AIMS and simulated images is obtained, but the contrast of the AIMS images is consistently lower. Image balance sensitivity, phase error sensitivity, and quartz sidewall angle sensitivity are defined and examined to identify performance limiting aspects of implementing AAPSM for the 70nm node over a range of pitches. Example phase sensitivity values are derived using mask topography simulation and used to define phase error specifications. AIMS and mask topography simulation show that smaller pitches and spaces are more sensitive to etch depth variation. Simulation also reveals quartz sidewall angle variation results in an apparent phase error where an under-cut behaves like an over-etch and inward sloping sidewalls behave like an under-etch. A correction to the well known etch target formula is proposed to account for sidewall angle variation.
Comparison of T1 mapping techniques for ECV quantification. Histological validation and reproducibility of ShMOLLI versus multibreath-hold T1 quantification equilibrium contrast CMR (2012)

ECV quantification by single breath-hold ShMOLLI T1 mapping can measure ECV by EQ-CMR across the spectrum of interstitial expansion. It is procedurally better tolerated, slightly more reproducible and better correlates with histology compared to the older multibreath-hold FLASH techniques.
Design, implementation and test results of a robust control method for a powered ankle foot orthosis (AFO) (2008)

There are various methods to control a powered AFO. As different as they are in their approach each of them has certain advantages as well as difficulties. What is still needed is a robust control concept that meets the requirements for ankle gait assistance. A new, stiffness-control model has been developed that divides the stance phase of gait into five zones using either velocity or stiffness control for each zone. The design and implementation of this new control algorithm as well as some first test results are presented.
Antiviral Activity and Mode of Action of TMC647078, a Novel Nucleoside Inhibitor of the Hepatitis C Virus NS5B Polymerase (2011)

Chronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major global health burden and is associated with an increased risk of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Current therapy for HCV infection has limited efficacy, particularly against genotype 1 virus, and is hampered by a range of adverse effects. Therefore, there is a clear unmet medical need for efficacious and safe direct antiviral drugs for use in combination with current treatments to increase cure rates and shorten treatment times. The broad genotypic coverage achievable with nucleosides or nucleotides and the high genetic barrier to resistance of these compounds observed in vitro and in vivo suggest that this class of inhibitors could be a valuable component of future therapeutic regimens. Here, we report the in vitro inhibitory activity and mode of action of 2'-deoxy-2'-spirocyclopropylcytidine (TMC647078), a novel and potent nucleoside inhibitor of the HCV NS5B RNA-dependent RNA polymerase that causes chain termination of the nascent HCV RNA chain. In vitro combination studies with a protease inhibitor resulted in additive efficacy in the suppression of HCV RNA replication, highlighting the potential for the combination of these two classes in the treatment of chronic HCV infection. No cytotoxic effects were observed in various cell lines. Biochemical studies indicated that TMC647078 is phosphorylated mainly by deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) without inhibiting the phosphorylation of the natural substrate, and high levels of triphosphate were observed in Huh7 cells and in primary hepatocytes in vitro. TMC647078 is a potent novel nucleoside inhibitor of HCV replication with a promising in vitro virology and biology profile.
A Design of Low-Projection SCMA Codebooks for Ultra-Low Decoding Complexity in Downlink IoT Networks (2022)

This paper conceives a novel sparse code multiple access (SCMA) codebook design which is motivated by the strong need for providing ultra-low decoding complexity and good error performance in downlink Internet-of-things (IoT) networks, in which a massive number of low-end and low-cost IoT communication devices are served. By focusing on the typical Rician fading channels, we analyze the pair-wise probability of superimposed SCMA codewords and then deduce the design metrics for multi-dimensional constellation construction and sparse codebook optimization. For significant reduction of the decoding complexity, we advocate the key idea of projecting the multi-dimensional constellation elements to a few overlapped complex numbers in each dimension, called low projection (LP). An emerging modulation scheme, called golden angle modulation (GAM), is considered for multi-stage LP optimization, where the resultant multi-dimensional constellation is called LP-GAM. Our analysis and simulation results show the superiority of the proposed LP codebooks (LPCBs) including one-shot decoding convergence and excellent error rate performance. In particular, the proposed LPCBs lead to decoding complexity reduction by at least $97\%$ compared to that of the conventional codebooks, whilst owning large minimum Euclidean distance. Some examples of the proposed LPCBs are available at \url{https://github.com/ethanlq/SCMA-codebook}.
Physical Stresses on Caregivers when Pulling Patients Up in Bed: Effect of Repositioning Aids and Patient Weight (2019)

Manual patient handling is a major cause of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among caregivers. Pulling patients up in bed (PUIB) is one of the most frequently performed patient handling activities, for which repositioning aids are usually recommended. However, it is not clear how to choose repositioning aids for a patient of a given weight, such that the risk of MSDs can be reduced. The current study investigates the physical stresses on caregivers across three patient weight levels, and for common types of repositioning aids during the PUIB activity. Ten caregivers were recruited to preform PUIB tasks while motion capture, ground reaction force, and hand reaction force were measured. Spinal compressive load (L5/S1) was estimated using AnyBody Modeling System software. Repositioning aids and patient weight significantly affected the physical stresses on caregivers. Peak L5/S1 compressive load, peak pulling force, and perceived exertion were lowest for the air-assisted repositioning devices, second lowest for the friction reducing sheet, second highest for the turn and position systems, and highest for the draw sheet. Except for the air-assisted repositioning device, other tested repositioning aids are not adequate to mitigate the risk of MSDs. A mechanical lift should be considered as a robust alternative to repositioning aids that can safely accommodate all patient regardless of weight.
Opsonin-free, real-time imaging of Cryptococcus neoformans capsule during budding (2018)

Abstract Cryptococcus neoformans is a unicellular fungal pathogen that causes meningoencephalitis, killing hundreds of thousands of patients each year. Its most distinctive characteristic is a polysaccharide capsule that envelops the whole cell. It is the major virulence attribute and the antigen for serologic diagnosis. We have developed a method for easy observation of the capsule and its growth dynamics using the cell-separation reagent Percoll and differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy. Percoll suspension is far less disruptive of cell physiology than methods relying on antibody binding to the capsule, and measurements made with it are equivalent with India ink. Time-lapse microscopy observations using this method suggest that during budding, a dividing cell can regulate whether the capsule polysaccharide it produces is deposited on the capsule of the bud or on its own. This observation has important implications for our understanding of the C. neoformans capsule induction process during budding. List of abbreviations and acronyms CSF Cerebrospinal fluid DIC Differential interference microscopy NA Numerical aperture CCD Charge-coupled device MM Minimal medium CIM CO 2 -independent medium MOPS 3-Morpholinopropane-1-sulfonic acid SD Standard deviation
New isoflavones fromIris kashmiriana (2008)

Phytochemical investigation of the rhizomes of Iris kashmiriana (Iridaceae) led to the isolation of three isoflavones characterized by 1D and 2D NMR, IR, UV, and MS as 4'-hydroxy-8-methoxy-6,7-methylenedioxyisoflavone (isonigricin, 1), 5,6-dihydroxy-4',7-dimethoxyisoflavone (isoirisolidone, 2), and 5,7-dihydroxy-4',6-dimethoxyisoflavone (irisolidone, 3). Compound 1 is a new isoflavone, while 2 is reported for the first time from a natural source.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Synthesis of Homogeneous Glycoproteins for the Study of Glycoprotein Quality Control System (2015)

Abstract Review: [36 refs.
Influenza Infection Suppresses NADPH Oxidase–Dependent Phagocytic Bacterial Clearance and Enhances Susceptibility to Secondary Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection (2014)

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has emerged as a leading contributor to mortality during recent influenza pandemics. The mechanism for this influenza-induced susceptibility to secondary S. aureus infection is poorly understood. In this study, we show that innate antibacterial immunity was significantly suppressed during the recovery stage of influenza infection, even though MRSA superinfection had no significant effect on viral burdens. Compared with mice infected with bacteria alone, postinfluenza MRSA-infected mice exhibited impaired bacterial clearance, which was not due to defective phagocyte recruitment, but rather coincided with reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species levels in alveolar macrophages and neutrophils. NADPH oxidase is responsible for reactive oxygen species production during phagocytic bacterial killing, a process also known as oxidative burst. We found that gp91(phox)-containing NADPH oxidase activity in macrophages and neutrophils was essential for optimal bacterial clearance during respiratory MRSA infections. In contrast to wild-type animals, gp91(phox-/-) mice exhibited similar defects in MRSA clearance before and after influenza infection. Using gp91(phox+/-) mosaic mice, we further demonstrate that influenza infection inhibits a cell-intrinsic contribution of NADPH oxidase to phagocyte bactericidal activity. Taken together, our results establish that influenza infection suppresses NADPH oxidase-dependent bacterial clearance and leads to susceptibility to secondary MRSA infection.
A 16-Gb/s Backplane Transceiver With 12-Tap Current Integrating DFE and Dynamic Adaptation of Voltage Offset and Timing Drifts in 45-nm SOI CMOS Technology (2012)

This paper presents a 16-Gb/s 45-nm SOI CMOS transceiver for multi-standard backplane applications. The receiver uses a 12-tap DFE with circuit refinements for supporting higher data rates. Both the receiver and the transmitter use dynamic adaptation to combat parameter drift due to changing supply voltage and temperature. A 3-tap FFE is included in the source-series-terminated driver. The combination of DFE and FFE permits error-free NRZ signaling at 16 Gb/s over channels exceeding 30 dB loss. The 8-port core with two PLLs is fully characterized for 16 GFC and consumes 385 m W/link.
Automation of purification for single-walled nanotubes (2001)

In our earlier report, we have already proposed a novel purification method to obtain highly purified SWNTs. Considering the use of SWNTs for the industrial applications, automation of the proposed purification method is required to supply large quantities of purified SWNTs. In this study, we designed the device to automate the purification process.
Search for light pseudoscalar boson pairs produced from decays of the 125 GeV Higgs boson in final states with two muons and two nearby tracks in pp collisions at s=13TeV (2019)

A search is presented for pairs of light pseudoscalar bosons, in the mass range from 4 to 15 GeV, produced from decays of the 125 GeV Higgs boson. The decay modes considered are final states that arise when one of the pseudoscalars decays to a pair of tau leptons, and the other one either into a pair of tau leptons or muons. The search is based on proton-proton collisions collected by the CMS experiment in 2016 at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV that correspond to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb -1 . The 22 and 4 channels are used in combination to constrain the product of the Higgs boson production cross section and the branching fraction into 4 final state, B, exploiting the linear dependence of the fermionic coupling strength of pseudoscalar bosons on the fermion mass. No significant excess is observed beyond the expectation from the standard model. The observed and expected upper limits at 95% confidence level on B, relative to the standard model Higgs boson production cross section, are set respectively between 0.022 and 0.23 and between 0.027 and 0.19 in the mass range probed by the analysis.
Dimensional reduction based on peak fitting of Raman micro spectroscopy data improves detection of prostate cancer in tissue specimens (2021)

Combining individual intensity features and novel Raman fitted peak features, improved the classification performance on two independent and multicenter testing sets in comparison to using only individual intensity features.
Optimizing vertical sectorization for high-rises (2015)

Vertical sectorization is a recent development of active antenna technologies, whereas cellular providers make use of sectors in the vertical domain in addition to the standard horizontal sectorization currently in place. In this paper, we develop a framework to analyze and optimize vertical sectorization for high-rise buildings in urban environments. We start with a generic urban network topology with high-rise buildings and use it to derive the distribution of the elevation angles of the user equipments (UEs) in a cell. Using this distribution, we derive the values of tilts that maximize the coverage of all the UEs for the cases of one and two vertical sectors. This work provides answers to how a cellular service provider should perform vertical sectorization for different base station heights, cell sizes and various urban environments.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry and Kinetics of Singlet (Pentafluorophenyl)nitrene. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
GaAs PCSSs for DC applications (2009)

As the demand for greater flexibility and increased energy density moves highly interactive components closer together in pulsed power systems, the development of technologies for less complex and more robust system designs is critical. A key system component that impacts these goals is the trigger generator (TG). Inexpensive, compact, fiber-optically controlled TGs that deliver trigger pulses with sub-nanosecond jitter have been created with photoconductive semiconductor switches (PCSSs). A further simplification in pulsed power design is to move from pulsed to DC charged components. This paper reports results from DC charged GaAs PCSSs with 0.25-1.0 cm gaps extending previously reported results on smaller devices at 3 kV to a new regime of 100 kV. High voltage GaAs PCSSS are typically pulsed charged for less than 100 ?s so that they can hold-off 60-100 kV/cm without self-triggering into high-gain (lock-on) switching or initiating surface flashover. To hold-off high fields for longer periods and extend GaAs PCSSS to DC applications, we have utilized neutron irradiated GaAs (nGaAs). Neutron irradiation in GaAs increases the defect density, shortens the carrier recombination time, and (for devices with large insulating regions) reduces the dark current, which improves DC hold-off strength. PCSS contacts in this research were created using rapid thermal annealing (RTA) to produce high adhesion and low contact resistance. However, this can reduce the defect density near the contacts by annealing some of the n-induced defects. Hence, a range of RTA temperatures and n doses were studied to understand the tradeoff space for contact adhesion and DC hold-off. This paper and another at this conference present preliminary results from I-V characterization, DC holdoff, and switching tests on GaAs and n-GaAs PCSSS. These PCSS devices were demonstrated to hold off fields of 39-61 kVDC/cm, respectively. Irradiation doses over a range of 3?10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">13</sup> -1?10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">15</sup> (1 MeV Si equiv.) were explored in search of optimal performance. Additionally the impact of the fabrication processes on the benefits of irradiation is explored and the observation of unusual low frequency oscillations during GaAs I-V testing is discussed.
Weighted fair early packet discard at an ATM switch output port (1999)

In this paper we consider an output port of an ATM switch, where cell streams belonging to different TCP and UDP sessions arrive. During congestion the switch applies early packet discard (EDP) in order to reduce bandwidth waste. In order to guarantee fairness in the sense that only misbehaving sources get affected by the packet drop mechanism and to ensure high server utilization we propose an algorithm which also features simplicity. A salient feature of this algorithm is that it allows a predefined share /spl alpha//sub i/ to be associated with stream i. The algorithm (which we call the weighted fair EPD, WFEPD) attempts to provide this weighted share of the bandwidth for the streams in the long time average. A sliding window implementation of WFEPD allows us to demonstrate its efficiency in terms of fairness and bandwidth utilization.
Ambient surface (2013)

We introduce Ambient Surface, an interactive surrounded equipment for enhancing interface capabilities of mobile devices placed on an ordinary surface. Object information and a user's interaction are captured by 2D/3D cameras, and appropriate feedback images are projected on the surface. By the help of the ambient system, we may not only provide a wider screen for mobile devices with a limited screen size, but also allow analog objects to dynamically interact with users. We believe that this demo will help interaction designers to draw new inspiration of utilizing mobile objects with ambient environment.
Control of an Offshore Bipole with AC Interlink Under Dedicated Metallic Return Fault to Improve Energy Availability (2021)

The power system in northern Europe supports a high degree of penetration of wind energy-based HVDC connections. Most of the modern HVDC connections will have Bipole with a dedicated metallic return (DMR) configuration. This paper presents a basic guideline to decrease the levelized cost of energy of Bipole HVDC links by attaching the offshore poles to the point of common coupling and by designing suitable control strategies. The simulations are performed in the PSCAD software. These simulation models are designed to observe large AC/DC transients and the control scheme dynamics. The results show that the studied control strategies can be applied under various real-life scenarios where the system dynamics, e.g. over-voltages, are found within the acceptable application range.
Demonstration of a Human Color Vision Mimic in the Infrared (2019)

Color vision results from the interaction of retinal photopigments with reflected or transmitted visible light. The International Commission on Illumination (CIE) developed the CIE color-matching chart, which separates colors on the basis of the interaction of their spectral profiles with three retinal photopigments in the human eye. We report the development of an infrared chromaticity (CIE-IR) chart, which mimics the CIE chart, in order to discriminate between different chemicals on the basis of the interactions of their IR signatures with three different IR optical filters, instead of the retinal photopigments in the human eye. Our results demonstrate that the CIE-IR chart enables separation of different classes of chemicals, as the visible CIE chart does with color, except for those in the IR spectral region. Such results clearly show that the biomimetic sensing method based on human color vision is in fact a true analogue to color vision and that the proposed CIE-IR chart can be used as a classification method unique to this biomimetic sensing modality.
ChemInform Abstract: Configurational and Conformational Analysis of Highly Oxygenated Pyrrolizidines: Definitive Identification of Some Naturally Occurring 7a‐epi‐Alexines. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Thioredoxin suppresses microscopic hopping of T7 DNA polymerase on duplex DNA (2010)

The DNA polymerases involved in DNA replication achieve high processivity of nucleotide incorporation by forming a complex with processivity factors. A model system for replicative DNA polymerases, the bacteriophage T7 DNA polymerase (gp5), encoded by gene 5, forms a tight, 11 complex with Escherichia coli thioredoxin. By a mechanism that is not fully understood, thioredoxin acts as a processivity factor and converts gp5 from a distributive polymerase into a highly processive one. We use a single-molecule imaging approach to visualize the interaction of fluorescently labeled T7 DNA polymerase with double-stranded DNA. We have observed T7 gp5, both with and without thioredoxin, binding nonspecifically to double-stranded DNA and diffusing along the duplex. The gp5/thioredoxin complex remains tightly bound to the DNA while diffusing, whereas gp5 without thioredoxin undergoes frequent dissociation from and rebinding to the DNA. These observations suggest that thioredoxin increases the processivity of T7 DNA polymerase by suppressing microscopic hopping on and off the DNA and keeping the complex tightly bound to the duplex.