gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Glycinoeclepin A. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Modeling of the electron field emission process in polycrystalline diamond and diamond-like carbon thin films (1999)

Electron field emission has been observed from carbon thin films at relatively low electric fields. These films range from amorphous carbon to polycrystalline diamond films. There are many models that attempt to account for the electron field emission process observed in these films. The initial models that were based on the emission due purely to a negative electron affinity have now been modified. The emission from diamond like carbon (DLC) films, although following a Fowler–Nordheim type curve, do not give realistic values for the emission areas or barriers purely based on a tunneling mechanism. Therefore, a model based on space charge band bending at the back junction is proposed to account for the electron emission at low electric fields from DLC. In this “space charge interlayer” model the real cathode is the substrate, from which hot electrons are created due to the fully depleted DLC film the electrons encounter before reaching the front surface of the film. In this article we extend the model to incorporate the emission of electrons from polycrystalline diamond thin films.
Effect of cigarette design on biomarkers of exposure, puffing topography and respiratory parameters (2015)

Despite the lack of evidence, many reports exist which have implied that smokers inhale low-yield cigarette smoke more deeply than that of high-yield cigarettes. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of short-term switching between smoker's own brand and test cigarettes with different smoke yields on puffing topography, respiratory parameters and biomarkers of exposure. Participants were randomly assigned to smoke either a Test Cigarette-High Tar (TCH), for two days, and then switched to a Test Cigarette-Low Tar (TCL), for two days or the reverse order (n = 10 each sequence). Puffing topography (CReSS microdevice), respiratory parameters (inductive plethysmography) and biomarkers of exposure (BOE, urinary nicotine equivalents - NE and blood carboxyhemoglobin - COHb) were measured at baseline and on days 2 and 4. The average puffs per cigarette, puff volume and puff durations were statistically significantly lower, and inter-puff interval was significantly longer for the TCH compared to the TCL groups. Respiratory parameters were not statistically significantly different between the TCH and TCL groups. Post-baseline NE and COHb were statistically significantly lower in the TCL compared to the TCH groups. Under the conditions of this study, we found no indication of changes in respiratory parameters, particularly inhalation time and volume, between study participants smoking lower versus higher yield cigarettes. Likewise, the BOE provides no indication of deeper inhalation when smoking low- versus high-yield cigarettes. These findings are consistent with the published literature indicating smoking low-yield cigarettes does not increase the depth of inhalation.
Model-based approaches to adaptive training in reverberant environments (2012)

Adaptive training is a powerful approach for building speech recognition systems using non-homogeneous data. This work presents an extension of model-based adaptive training to handle reverberant environments. The recently proposed Reverberant VTS-Joint (RVTSJ) adaptation[1] is used to factor out unwanted additive and reverberant noise variations in multiconditional training data, yielding a canonical model neutral to noise conditions. An maximum likelihood estimation of the canonical model parameters is described. An initialisation scheme that uses the VTS-based adaptive training to initialise the model parameters is also presented. Experiments are conducted on a reverberant simulated AURORA4 task.
Sensitivity Analysis of Personal Location Disclosure (2022)

Regular people give away their location data without much knowledge about what can be inferred from it. This paper presents a sensitivity analysis of location disclosure, showing what can be inferred from even just a few place visits. The aim is to highlight how modern inference algorithms can take small location disclosures and create detailed inferences about where else a person is likely to go and what sorts of places they tend to visit. Based on an analysis of over 100,000 people, we show how disclosing just one location point can be used to predict other visits with an AUC of 0.88. We develop another algorithm that shows the types of places a person has an unusually high propensity to visit, and we use this result as part of an economic analysis of delivering targeted advertising. This research serves to raise awareness about what can be inferred from even very small location disclosures, which can in turn inform regular people about their true privacy risks.
Intimate partner violence: psycho-physio-pathological sequelae for defining a holistic enriched treatment (2022)

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a health priority, which worldwide, mainly affects women. The consequences of IPV include several psychophysiological effects. These range from altered levels of hormones and neurotrophins to difficulties in emotion regulation and cognitive impairment. Mounting evidence from preclinical studies has shown that environmental enrichment, a form of sensory-motor, cognitive, and social stimulation, can induce a wide range of neuroplastic processes in the brain which consistently improve recovery from a wide variety of somatic and psychiatric diseases. To support IPV survivors, it is essential to ensure a safe housing environment, which can serve as a foundation for environmental enrichment-based interventions. However, some concerns have been raised when supportive housing interventions focus on the economic aspects of survivors' lives instead of the emotional ones. We thus propose a holistic intervention in which supportive housing is integrated with evidenced-based psychotherapies which could constitute an enriched therapeutic approach for IPV survivors.
Estimated Global Transmural Distribution of Activation Rate and Conduction Block During Porcine and Canine Ventricular Fibrillation (2004)

We quantified ventricular fibrillation (VF) activation rate, conduction block, and organization transmurally in pigs and dogs, whose transmural Purkinje distribution differ. In six pigs and five dogs, 75 to 100 plunge needles, containing four electrodes for the right ventricle (RV) and six electrodes for the left ventricle (LV) and septum, were inserted in vivo. Six VF episodes were electrically initiated and allowed to last for 47 to 180 seconds. From the FFT power spectra, dominant frequency (DF), an estimate of activation rate, and incidence of double peaks (DPI), an estimate of conduction block, were calculated every 8 ms at each electrode. DF was highest at the epicardium and lowest at the endocardium, whereas DPI was highest at the endocardium and lowest at the epicardium for the entire LV and the RV base in both pigs and dogs for the first 70 seconds of VF. This distribution changed little throughout the first 3 minutes of VF in pigs but reversed in dogs by 2 minutes of VF. In conclusion, estimated activation rates and conduction block incidence during VF are not uniformly distributed transmurally. During the first minute of VF, the faster activating LV base epicardium exhibits less estimated block than the slower endocardium, raising the possibility that faster activating epicardium generates wavefronts that drive the endocardium early during VF. Constancy of this pattern in pigs but its reversal by 2 minutes in dogs is consistent with the hypothesis that activation during later VF is driven by Purkinje fibers.
Neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia and involvement of essential fatty acid (2009)

Deficits in prepulse inhibition (PPI) are a biological marker for schizophrenia. To unravel the mechanisms that control PPI, we performed quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis, on 1010 F2 mice derived by crossing C57BL/6 (B6) animals that show high PPI with C3H/He (C3) animals that show low PPI. We detected 6 major loci for PPI. A promising candidate on the chromosome 10-QTL was Fabp7 (fatty acid binding protein 7, brain), a gene with functional links to the NMDA receptor and expression in neural stem/progenitor cells in developmental stage. Fabp7-deficient mice indeed showed decreased PPI. A quantitative complementation test supported Fabp7 as a potential PPI-QTL gene. Disruption of Fabp7 attenuated neurogenesis in vivo. Human Fabp7 showed genetic association with schizophrenia. FABP7 is known to have high affinity for polyunsaturated fatty acids, in particular docosahexaenoic acid. These results suggest that FABP7 plays a novel and crucial role, linking the NMDA, neurodevelopmental and nutritional issues of schizophrenia pathology.
Oceanic Storm Characteristics off the Kennedy Space Center Coast (2014)

Natural cloud-to-ground lightning may behave differently depending on the characteristics of the attachment mediums, including the peak current (inferred from radiation fields) and the number of ground strike locations per flash. Existing literature has raised issues over the years on the behavior of lightning over ocean terrain and these phenomena are not yet well understood. To investigate lightning characteristics over differing terrain we will obtain identical observations over adjacent land and ocean regions during both clear air and thunderstorm periods comparing the electric field behavior over these various terrains. For this, a 3-meter NOAA buoy moored 20NM off the coast of the Kennedy Space Center was instrumented with an electric field mill and New Mexico Tech's slow antenna to measure the electric fields aloft and compared to the existing on-shore electric field mill suite of 31 sensors and a coastal slow antenna. New Mexico Tech's Lightning Mapping Array and the Eastern Range Cloud-to-Ground Lightning Surveillance System, along with the network of high-speed cameras being used to capture cloud-to-ground lightning strikes over the terrain regions to identify a valid data set and verify the electric fields. This is an on-going project with the potential for significant impact on the determination of lightning risk to objects on the ground. This presentation will provide results and instrumentation progress to date.
Supplementary Table 1 from Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein H Blocks MST2-Mediated Apoptosis in Cancer Cells by Regulating <i>a-raf</i> Transcription (2023)

Supplementary Table 1 from Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein H Blocks MST2-Mediated Apoptosis in Cancer Cells by Regulating &lt;i&gt;a-raf&lt;/i&gt; Transcription
Role of the leucine‐rich repeat domain of cryopyrin/NALP3 in monosodium urate crystal–induced inflammation in mice (2010)

MSU crystal-induced inflammatory responses were comparably attenuated both in vitro and in vivo in Cryo(DeltaLRR Z/DeltaLRR Z) and Cryo(-Z/-Z) mice. Hence, the LRR domain of cryopyrin plays a role in mediating MSU crystal-induced inflammation in this model.
A Modified Approach to 2‐(N‐Aryl)‐1,3‐oxazoles: Application to the Synthesis of the IMPDH Inhibitor BMS‐337197 and Analogues. (2002)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Editorial (2006)

Although it is clear that β-cell pathology, in particular disordered insulin secretion, is a key underlying pathogenetic feature of most forms of diabetes, complex interactions of the islets with other organs, such as brain, liver, gut, and several peripheral tissues, are also essential for the normal integration of metabolism. It is this area that has been explored in the Seventh Annual Servier-IGIS Meeting, which was held last Spring in St. Jean Cap Ferrat in Southern France. The focus of these meetings, since their inception in 2000, has been the β-cell and the mechanisms underlying its development and function as the source of insulin, the most essential regulator of the blood glucose level.

The familiar pathways of glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolism in humans and other mammals are, of course, fundamental to almost all organisms, except perhaps for the most highly specialized bacteria, so it is not surprising that insulin-like molecules and the insulin/IGF receptor signaling system are well conserved features of all metazoans that have been studied. With the rise of multicellular organisms in evolution came the need to regulate and coordinate metabolism and growth in order to maintain both the constancy of the internal environment (homeostasis) and also to respond to the external environment. One of the most prominent environmental stimuli had to be the availability of nutrients and fuels for survival and growth. The insulin-like hormones, insulin and IGF, appear to have evolved, along with a panoply of other regulatory substances, to fine-tune the efficient uptake, storage, and utilization of nutrients for either energy production or growth.

Appropriately, the symposium opened with an introductory lecture by Leopold, reviewing our current knowledge of the control of metabolism and growth in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster , by insulin-like peptides and an insulin signaling pathway that is remarkably similar …
Variational Techniques in Acoustic Radiation Theory (1970)

The possibility of applying variational methods to the acoustic radiation problem for an arbitrary body with a given velocity distribution is investigated. It is found that since the stationary quantity involved is, in general, neither a maximum nor minimum, the variationally determined result may not always be accurate. Sufficient conditions for achieving accurate results are determined. Since there is no way of knowing a priori, whether for any given problem these conditions will be satisfied, methods must be devised which ensure and/or give a measure of the reliability of a given calculation. Several possible approaches are indicated, some which yield a quantitative measure of the accuracy of the results. It is found that these variational methods, although based on the surface Helmholtz integral formulation, are applicable even at characteristic wave numbers and, hence, may provide an attractive alternative to the CHIEF program. A simple example illustrating the use of one of these techniques is presented.
Response of bean to applications of hydrophobic mineral particles (2002)

Foliar applications of hydrophobic mineral particles can protect plants from some insects, but plant response to particle applications is not known. Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants were grown for 8 wk in a greenhouse and the shoots were sprayed weekly with small-diameter hydrophobic mineral particles. Photosynthesis was similar in particle-treated and control bean plants over a photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) range from 0 to 1548 µmol m –2 s –1 . The shoot-to-root dry weight ratio was 56% greater and pod weight was 20% lower in particle-treated plants than control plants, suggesting that particle films may alter dry weight partitioning of plants. In bean, particle residues of 2.71 mg cm –2 leaf area altered plant development without affecting photosynthesis. Key words: Phaseolus vulgaris, crop protection, photosynthesis, dry weight distribution, kaolin
Titelbild: Molybdän‐ und Wolframimidoalkylidenkomplexe als effiziente Olefinmetathesekatalysatoren (Angew. Chem. 38/2003) (2003)

Molybdänimidoalkylidene haben zusammen mit den entsprechenden Wolframkomplexen eine entscheidende Rolle bei der Einführung der katalytischen Olefinmetathese als einer der Schlüsselmethoden in der chemischen Synthese gespielt. R. R. Schrock und A. H. Hoveyda schildern auf S. 4740 ff. die Entwicklung dieser Chemie, die mit der Entdeckung der Tantalalkylidene begann und zu den hoch effektiven chiralen (auch trägerfixierten) Katalysatoren führte, die in der katalytischen asymmetrischen Metathese Verwendung finden.
Non-contact, 3D magnetic biomanipulation for in vivo and in vitro applications (2012)

Micro/nano robots have the potential to revolutionize many aspects of medicine. These untethered, wirelessly controlled and powered devices will make existing therapeutic and diagnostic procedures less invasive and will enable new procedures never before possible. Here we present five degree of freedom (5-DOF) wireless control of fully untethered magnetic micro/nano agents (3-DOF position, 2-DOF orientation). We accomplish this level of wireless control with electromagnetic manipulation systems that we call OctoMag and MiniMag. We demonstrate different magnetic control strategies and combination thereof for potential in vivo and in vitro applications. We show that these systems have the potential to be employed for targeted drug delivery and for procedures such as retinal-vein cannulation that require a high degree of dexterity.
<title>Automatic laser-scanning focus detection method using printed focus pattern</title> (1995)

An innovative method of determining best focus with an optical exposure tool has been developed. The method uses wedge shaped marks in photoresist that can be measured automatically. The results show that best focus can be measured with a repeatability of 20 nm. The automatic focus measurement system can be used to characterize lens astigmatism, field curvature and tilt. Data shows good correlation with conventional methods using SEM linewidth measurement.
Cover Image (2019)

[Image: see text] COVER ILLUSTRATION Individuals with metabolic syndrome, a syndrome characterized by increased waist circumference (illustrated as the cartoon man and woman in the picture), fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides, blood pressure, and decreased HDL cholesterol (illustrated as involved tissues: adipose, vascular, pancreatic, and muscular) have been shown exhibit an increased risk of dementia and other forms of neurocognitive and neurodegenerative impairments. Comparing the structural T1‐weighted magnetic resonance images of individuals with and without metabolic syndrome from an extended pedigree of Mexican‐Americans revealed distinct gray matter density differences in specific brain regions. Individuals with metabolic syndrome were found to have lower gray matter density values in the posterior cerebellum, brainstem, orbitofrontal cortex, caudate nuclei, right insula, right amygdala, and right superior temporal gyrus (illustrated as cartoon brain with involved regions in yellow, FWE p < 0.05 and red FWE p < 0.01). These regions are collectively involved in cognition (reasoning), emotion (valence), and reward perception. For details see Kotkowski et al.
Uplink Spectral Efficiency of Massive MIMO with Spatially Correlated Rician Fading (2018)

This paper considers the uplink (UL) of a multicell Massive MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output) system with spatially correlated Rician fading channels. The channel model is composed of a deterministic line-of-sight (LoS) path and a stochastic non-line-of-sight (NLoS) component describing a spatially correlated multipath environment. We derive the statistical properties of the minimum mean squared error (MMSE) and least-square (LS) channel estimates for this model. Using these estimates for maximum ratio (MR) combining, rigorous closed-form UL spectral efficiency (SE) expressions are derived. Numerical results show that the SE is higher when using the MMSE estimator than the LS estimator, and the performance gap increases with the number of antennas. Moreover, Rician fading provides higher achievable SEs than Rayleigh fading since the LoS path improves the sum SE.
A 2-Stage EM Algorithm for Online Peak Detection, an Application to TCSPC Data (2022)

Time-Correlated Single Photon Counting (TCSPC) sensors based on the combination of Single Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPADs), Time to Digital Converters (TDCs) and histogram-builders have become a standard for depth imaging using direct Time of Flight (D-ToF). However, one of the main current issue of this working mode is intrinsically due to the large amount of data required to generate pixelwise ToF histograms. To overcome this limitation, a 2-stage Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm for online peak detection with its Register Transfer Level hardware implementation is proposed. The online estimator consists in sequentially computing the statistical parameters that directly encode the latent spatial distance and intensity information of the illuminated scene. The evaluation on synthetic data demonstrates that with a compression ratio of 0.4%, our approach can efficiently reduce the pixel pitch by around 40% without sacrificing timing resolution.
Thermotropic Cholesteric Liquid Crystals from Cellulose Derivatives with Ester and Carbamate Groups (2019)

In this report, we synthesized hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) derivatives tethering both ester and carbamate groups by chemical modifications of HPC with both alkanoyl chlorides and alkyl isocyanates. They exhibited thermotropic cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) phase. The differences in side chain lengths and bonding species of HPC derivatives affected the thermotropic CLC properties. We observed visible Bragg reflection from the HPC ester-carbamate derivatives at lower temperature than from those of the HPC esters. Moreover, the shifting wavelength ranges of Bragg reflection of the HPC ester-carbamate derivatives as heating temperature were narrow rather than those of the HPC esters probably due to their hydrogen bonding between carbamate bonds.
(Invited) Ge/Si Waveguide Avalanche Photodiodes on SOI Substrates for High Speed Communication (2010)

In this paper, we report the development and performances of two high-bandwidth Ge/Si waveguide avalanche photodiodes (APDs). They are either evanescent-coupled or directly butt-coupled with a multi-mode silicon-on-insulator waveguide. Both APDs demonstrate low dark current, high internal responsivity at long wavelength. The measured bandwidths are 23 GHz and 28.5 GHz at unity gain for evanescent- and butt-coupled APDs, respectively. Importantly, the corresponding receiver sensitivity is measured as -30.4 dBm at 10 Gb/s. This is already better than the current commercial available III-V based APD receivers.
Four-Fold Increase in the Intrinsic Capacitance of Graphene through Functionalization and Lattice Disorder (2015)

Graphene has been heralded as a promising electrode material for high energy and power density electrochemical supercapacitors. This is in spite of recent work confirming the low double-layer capacitance (CDL) of the graphene/electrolyte interface limited by graphene’s low quantum capacitance (CQ), an effect known for the basal plane of graphite for over four decades. Consistent with this limit, much of the supercapacitor research implies the use of pristine graphene but, in contrast, uses a functionalized and defective graphene formed through the reduction of graphene oxide, without clarifying why reduced graphene oxide is needed to achieve high capacitance. Herein, we show that an optimal level of functionalization and lattice disorder in reduced graphene oxide yields a 4-fold increase in CDL over that of pristine graphene, suggesting graphene-based materials can indeed be tailored to engineer electrodes with significantly higher gravimetric capacitance limits exceeding 450 F/g than what has been achieved (∼ 274 F/g) thus far, even in nonaqueous electrolytes capable of high voltage operation.