gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Overview of Tumor Cells and the Microenvironment (2009)

The bidirectional communication between cells and their microenvironment is integral to both cancer progression and embryological development. This chapter illuminates major breakthroughs in our understanding of tumor cells and their microenvironment, the development of innovative experimental models that allow the study of targeting molecular signals in the tumor cell microenvironment, and finally, exploiting the convergence of embryonic and tumorigenic signaling pathways as a new therapeutic strategy for inhibiting tumor progression.
Effect of Combination l-Citrulline and Metformin Treatment on Motor Function in Patients With Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (2019)

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01995032.
124 Photochemical Tissue Bonding of Apligraf to Skin (2008)

Background: Photochemical tissue bonding (PTB) is a novel method for producing a strong tissue-tissue seal using photosensitization. PTB cross-links tissues without causing thermal damage, although the mechanism of action in skin is not completely understood. Apligraf, a bilayered tissue-engineered skin construct, is currently applied to chronic wounds and fixed in place by bolster, suture, staple, or glue. We postulated that PTB may have application for attaching Apligraf to skin. Materials and Methods: An ex vivo model was used to characterize bonding of Apligraf and skin by PTB. Argon laser (514 nm) or IPL irradiation in the presence of the photosensitizing dye Rose Bengal was used to bond Apligraf and human cadaveric or porcine skin. Various outcome measurements were made to evaluate the efficacy and histological characteristics of the bonding. Conclusions: Photochemical tissue bonding of Apligraf to human skin can be performed and further characterization is under way. Potential applications of PTB and Apligraf include the treatment of acute wounds, split thickness skin graft donor sites, burns, and debrided chronic wounds.
Supplemental Figures S1-S12 from Inhibition of the GTPase Rac1 Mediates the Antimigratory Effects of Metformin in Prostate Cancer Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figures S1-S12. Figure S1: Metformin does not affect mouse weight an insulinemia; Figure S2: Metformin does not induce apoptosis in prostate cancer cells; Figure S3: Metformin does not affect P69 cell migration; Figure S4: Metformin blocks cell migration out of the spheroid; Figure S5: Metformin inhibits cell motility; Figure S6: Metformin effects on actin and fascin levels; Figure S7: Metformin does not affect Rho GTP levels; Figure S8: A rac1 inhibitor affects cytoskeletal organisation; Figure S9: Metformin does not affect cAMP levels in PC3 cells; Figure S10: Metformin increases P CREB in DU145 cells; Figure S11: dbcAMP decreases Rac1GTP levels; Figure S12: Metformin decreases CXCR4 at the cell surface&lt;/p&gt;
T1ρ‐relaxation mapping of human femoral‐tibial cartilage in vivo (2003)

The feasibility of performing in vivo T(1rho) relaxation mapping in femoral cartilage at 1.5T clinical scanner without exceeding Food and Drug Administration (FDA) limits on specific absorption rate (SAR) of RF energy was demonstrated.
Prostate Cancer Radiotherapy Dose Response: An Update of the Fox Chase Experience (2004)

RT dose escalation to 76 Gy or greater improved patient outcome for all prognostic groups except those at the favorable and unfavorable extremes.
Future Microprocessor Interfaces: Analysis, Design and Optimization (2007)

High-aggregate bandwidth interfaces with minimized power, silicon area, cost and complexity will be essential to the viability of future microprocessor systems. Optimization of microprocessor interfaces at the system level is crucial to providing the most cost-effective and efficient solution. This paper details a comprehensive interconnect and system level analysis method that can be used to accurately evaluate platform-level tradeoffs and has been correlated to link measurements with 10% accuracy. System tradeoffs with respect to interconnect quality, equalization, modulation, clock architecture are shown. Interconnect and circuit density improvements are identified as a promising research direction to maximize the bandwidth and power efficiency of future microprocessor platforms.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New Chiral 18‐Crown‐6 Ethers from D‐Xylose. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
KINETICS OF NITROGEN OXIDE PRODUCTION FOLLOWING EXPERIMENTAL THERMAL INJURY IN RATS (1993)

Nitric oxide is biosynthesized from the amino acid L-arginine by the enzyme nitric oxide synthase. Nitric oxide is a vasodilator, a neurotransmitter, and may modulate immune function. The experiments presented here were performed to determine whether the synthesis of nitric oxide is increased following experimental burn injury in rats. After a 30% total body surface area burn in 300-g Lewis rats, the urinary output of nitrate, a stable metabolite of nitric oxide, was significantly increased for 8 days postburn compared with that in sham-burned control rats. The origin of the urinary nitrate from L-arginine was demonstrated by administering the stable isotope 15N2-guanido-arginine to burned and sham-burned rats and observing an immediate enrichment of 15N in nitrate. The amount of administered 15N recovered as 15NO3 was < 1% of the administered arginine isotope in both the burned and unburned rats; the recovery of the isotope increased tenfold over baseline recovery in burned rats. The arginine analog N-monomethyl-arginine, an inhibitor of the enzyme nitric oxide synthase, blocked the postburn rise in urinary NO3 output in burned rats, but did not completely inhibit the output of NO3 in burn wound-infected rats. Experimental burn injury in rats results in an increase in L-arginine-dependent nitric oxide production and urinary nitrate output.
Challenges to enrollment and randomization of the frequent hemodialysis network (FHN) daily trial (2012)

Recruitment into the FHN Daily Trial proved challenging but the goal of 250 randomized subjects was almost met.
Data from Clonal Evolution in t(14;18)-Positive Follicular Lymphoma, Evidence for Multiple Common Pathways, and Frequent Parallel Clonal Evolution (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Follicular lymphoma typically has acquired a t(14;18) translocation, but subsequent additional cytogenetic abnormalities contribute to disease progression. The main aims of the study are to (&lt;i&gt;a&lt;/i&gt;) identify the frequency and temporal sequence of cytogenetic events in t(14;18)-positive follicular lymphoma, (&lt;i&gt;b&lt;/i&gt;) determine if there are specific pathways in the evolution of follicular lymphoma, (&lt;i&gt;c&lt;/i&gt;) determine the clonal divergence in cases with sequential biopsies or multiple clones from a single biopsy, and (&lt;i&gt;d&lt;/i&gt;) determine the association of genetic imbalances with clinical outcome.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; All cases with a histologically confirmed diagnosis of follicular lymphoma and cytogenetic analysis showing t(14;18)(q32;q21) were included. The karyotypes were reviewed and cytogenetic data were entered into a relational database for further computational analysis; 418 biopsies from 360 follicular lymphoma patients including 43 sequential biopsies were analyzed.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Of the cases with only one or two genomic imbalances, the most frequent chromosomal imbalances were +7, del(6q), +der(18)t(14;18), +18, and +X. These abnormalities were also among the most frequent ones encountered when all karyotypes were analyzed. Cytogenetically abnormal clones in the same (26%) and sequential biopsies (63%) often showed divergence of genetic alterations. Balanced translocations other than the t(14;18) were uncommon events, but chromosomal breaks involving 14q32, 18q21, 1p36, 1q21, 10q22, 10q24, and a large cluster at 6q occurred relatively frequently. del(6q), +5, +19, and +20 were associated with poorer overall survival, and del(17p) was associated with poorer event-free survival. Lower-grade tumors (1 and 2) were associated with fewer imbalances.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; Our analysis suggested that +der(18)t(14;18) may be an entry point to a distinct pathway of genetic evolution in follicular lymphoma. The other common early events appeared to provide multiple entry points, and they might cooperate in the pathogenesis and progression of the follicular lymphoma. Cytogenetically abnormal clones from same patients often showed divergence of genetic alterations, suggesting that parallel evolution from precursor clones are frequent events. This study provides the framework for further analysis of genetic pathways of tumor progression.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Mutual Coupling Reductions of Dielectric Resonator Antennas without Extra Circuits (2023)

This paper describes an effective strategy to reduce the mutual couplings of dielectric resonator antennas without using extra circuits. The strategy is enabled by etching an elliptical cylinder in a cube-shaped dielectric resonator along its diagonal direction. By optimizing the dimension and location of the elliptical cylinder, the mutual coupling of the orthogonal polarizations of the dielectric resonator antenna can be effectively reduced. For demonstration, a cube-shaped dielectric resonator antenna operating at 5.8 GHz is configured with a proper elliptical cylinder drilled in the right position. The simulated results demonstrate the mutual couplings of the orthogonal polarizations can be reduced to -25 dB from 5.6 to 5.95 GHz, where an average of 8 dB mutual coupling reduction can be obtained compared to the one without the ellipse cylinder drilled. The radiation patterns, realized gains, and total efficiencies of the dielectric resonator antenna with the elliptical cylinder drilled can still be maintained, verifying the effectiveness of the proposed strategy to reduce the mutual coupling.
Affine Invariant Character Recognition by Progressive Removing (2011)

Recognizing characters in scene images suffering from perspective distortion is a challenge. Although there are some methods to overcome this difficulty, they are time-consuming. In this paper, we propose a set of affine invariant features and a new recognition scheme called “progressive removing” that can help reduce the processing time. Progressive removing gradually removes less feasible categories and skew angles by using multiple classifiers. We observed that progressive removing and the use of the affine invariant features reduced the processing time by about 60% in comparison to a trivial one without decreasing the recognition rate.
Computer simulation of tumour resection‐induced brain deformation by a meshless approach (2021)

Abstract Tumour resection requires precise planning and navigation to maximise tumour removal while simultaneously protecting nearby healthy tissues. Neurosurgeons need to know the location of the remaining tumour after partial tumour removal before continuing with the resection. Our approach to the problem uses biomechanical modelling and computer simulation to compute the brain deformations after the tumour is resected. In this study, we use meshless Total Lagrangian explicit dynamics as the solver. The problem geometry is extracted from the patient‐specific magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data and includes the parenchyma, tumour, cerebrospinal fluid and skull. The appropriate non‐linear material formulation is used. Loading is performed by imposing intra‐operative conditions of gravity and reaction forces between the tumour and surrounding healthy parenchyma tissues. A finite frictionless sliding contact is enforced between the skull (rigid) and parenchyma. The meshless simulation results are compared to intra‐operative MRI sections. We also calculate Hausdorff distances between the computed deformed surfaces (ventricles and tumour cavities) and surfaces observed intra‐operatively. Over 80% of points on the ventricle surface and 95% of points on the tumour cavity surface were successfully registered (results within the limits of two times the original in‐plane resolution of the intra‐operative image). Computed results demonstrate the potential for our method in estimating the tissue deformation and tumour boundary during the resection.
Downregulation ofPlzfGene Ameliorates Metabolic and Cardiac Traits in the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat (2017)

The spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR), one of the most widely used model of essential hypertension, is predisposed to left ventricular hypertrophy, myocardial fibrosis, and metabolic disturbances. Recently, quantitative trait loci influencing blood pressure, left ventricular mass, and heart interstitial fibrosis were genetically isolated within a minimal congenic subline that contains only 7 genes, including mutant <i>Plzf</i> (promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger) candidate gene. To identify <i>Plzf</i> as a quantitative trait gene, we targeted <i>Plzf</i> in the SHR using the transcription activator-like effector nuclease technique and obtained SHR line harboring targeted <i>Plzf</i> gene with a premature stop codon. Because the <i>Plzf</i> targeted allele is semilethal, morphologically normal heterozygous rats were used for metabolic and hemodynamic analyses. SHR-<i>Plzf</i><sup>+/-</sup> heterozygotes versus SHR wild-type controls exhibited reduced body weight and relative weight of epididymal fat, lower serum and liver triglycerides and cholesterol, and better glucose tolerance. In addition, SHR-<i>Plzf</i><sup>+/-</sup> rats exhibited significantly increased sensitivity of adipose and muscle tissue to insulin action when compared with wild-type controls. Blood pressure was comparable in SHR versus SHR-<i>Plzf</i><sup>+/-</sup>; however, there was significant amelioration of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and cardiac fibrosis in SHR-<i>Plzf</i><sup>+/-</sup> rats. Gene expression profiles in the liver and expression of selected genes in the heart revealed differentially expressed genes that play a role in metabolic pathways, PPAR (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor) signaling, and cell cycle regulation. These results provide evidence for an important role of <i>Plzf</i> in regulation of metabolic and cardiac traits in the rat and suggest a cross talk between cell cycle regulators, metabolism, cardiac hypertrophy, and fibrosis.
Immunosuppressive activity of 15-deoxyspergualin and its effect on skin allografts in rats. (1987)

The immunosuppressive activity of spergualin analogues, 15-deoxyspergualin and N-30, is presented. These compounds suppressed antibody formation and establishment of delayed-type hypersensitivity to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) in mice. Among spergualin, 15-deoxyspergualin, and N-30, 15-deoxyspergualin was most effective in suppressing immune responses. It suppressed antibody formation against SRBC by spleen cell cultures in a dose-dependent fashion without reducing cell viability. The spergualins also suppressed the mixed lymphocyte culture reaction. Peritoneal exudate cells taken from mice given immunosuppressive doses of 15-deoxyspergualin were not reduced in their functions measured: Release of lysosomal enzymes and production of superoxide anions. 15-Deoxyspergualin and N-30 were markedly effective in prolonging skin graft in rats.
Materials Solutions for Robust Interfaces in Microsystems. (2008)

Abstract not provided.
Borehole‐scale testing of matrix diffusion for contaminated‐rock aquifers (2020)

Abstract A new method was developed to assess the effect of matrix diffusion on contaminant transport and remediation of groundwater in fractured rock. This method utilizes monitoring wells constructed of open boreholes in the fractured rock to conduct backward diffusion experiments on chlorinated volatile organic compounds (CVOCs) in groundwater. The experiments are performed on relatively unfractured zones (called test zones) of the open boreholes over short intervals (approximately 1 meter) by physical isolation using straddle packers. The test zones were identified with a combination of borehole geophysical logging and chemical profiling of CVOCs with passive samplers in the open boreholes. To confirm the test zones are within inactive flow zones, they are subjected to a series of hydraulic tests. Afterward, the test zones are air sparged with argon to volatilize the CVOCs from aqueous to air phase. Backward diffusion is then measured by periodic passive‐sampling of water in the test zone to identify rebound. The passive (nonhydraulically stressed) sampling negates the need to extract water and potentially dewater the test zone. The authors also monitor active flowing zones of the borehole to assess trends in concentrations in other parts of the fractured rock by purge and passive sampling methods. The testing was performed at the former Pease Air Force Base (PAFB) in Portsmouth, New Hampshire. Bedrock at the former PAFB consists of fractured metasedimentary rocks where the authors investigated back diffusion of cis‐1,2‐dichloroethylene (cis‐1,2‐DCE), a CVOC. Postsparging concentrations of cis‐1,2‐DCE showed initial rebounding followed by declines, excluding an episodic spike in concentrations from a groundwater recharge event. The authors theorize that there are three processes that controlled concentration responses in the test zones postsparging. First, the limited back diffusion of CVOCs from a halo or thin zone of rock around the borehole contributes to the initial rebounding. Second, aerobic degradation of cis‐1,2‐DCE occurred causing declines in concentrations in the test zone. Third, microflow from microfractures contributed to the episodic spike in concentrations following the groundwater recharge event. In active flow zones, the latter two processes are not measurable due to equilibration from groundwater transport between the borehole and active flowing fractures.
Development of hot-rolled galvannealed high-strength steel sheets with good stretch flangeability (1992)

Responding to demands for automotive underbody parts with improved strength and corrosion resistance, TS 490-590 N/mm<sub>2<sub/> grade hot-rolled galvannealed low C-Mn-Nb steel sheets with good press formability have been developed, which can be substituted for the conventional grade steels.A metallurgical study was carried out to improve the stretch flangeability of high-strength hot-rolled steels as well as to investigate the processing conditions of the continuous galvanizing line.
Madame de Krüdener (1764-1824) : du rousseauisme romantique au mysticisme piétiste (2016)

Les Lumières furent multiples, parfois même ambivalentes, et la frontière entre les Lumières et ceux que l’on considère comme leurs adversaires n’était pas aussi étanche qu’on a pu longtemps le croire, notamment dans le monde germanique et les Îles britanniques, où la religion a continué d’occuper une place privilégiée dans le substrat mental des hommes de l’Aufklärung et de l’Enlightenment. Ainsi, passer, comme le fera Mme de Krüdener, du romantisme rousseauiste de la fin du XVIIIe siècle à la très réactionnaire et bigote Triple-Alliance, et au renouveau du piétisme mystique des années d’après 1815, ne relève-t-il peut-être pas autant de la contradiction qu’on pourrait le croire a priori. En effet, le combat qu’elle mena pour faire advenir concrètement une véritable égalité entre les hommes qui correspond simplement, pour elle, à la volonté de Dieu va l’amener à être perçue comme un grave danger politique par les dirigeants des puissances réactionnaires que sont notamment, et plus encore après 1815, l’Autriche et la Russie.
Robust tracking servo system considering force disturbance for optical disk recording system (2004)

This paper proposes a new robust tracking servo system for optical disk recording system with feedforward controller based on prediction of tracking error. In optical recording systems, the feedback servo system must suppress the influence of the force disturbance and parameter variation. For this purpose, this paper designs the robust feedback control system by using the coprime factorization and disturbance observer. The detecting signal of optical disk recording system is only a tracking error. Hence, the feedforward controller of the proposed tracking control system is constructed based on both "zero phase error tracking" (ZPET) control theory and prediction of tracking error. The experimental results point out that the proposed system has a quick and precise tracking response and keeps the residual tracking error below tolerance.
Affinity Precipitation of Avidin by Using Ligand-Modified Surfactants (1990)

The use of ligand-modified double-tailed phospholipid surfactants for selectively precipitating the tetrameric protein avidin from model and crude solutions is described. Dimyristoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DMPE) was derivatized by covalently attaching biotin, the specific ligand for the egg white protein avidin. The biotinylated surfactant (DMPE-B) was solubilized in aqueous buffer solution by the ethoxylated alcohol octaethyleneglycol mono-n-dodecylether (C12E8) at concentrations above the critical micelle concentration of the nonionic surfactant. The mixed surfactant solution of DMPE-biotin and C12E8 was then combined with protein solutions containing avidin which resulted in dilution of the nonionic surfactant below its critical micelle concentration. Upon binding of avidin to DMPE-B, the hydrocarbon tail groups of the phospholipid apparently aggregated with other DMPE-B molecules complexed to other avidin molecules. Because each avidin can bind four DMPE-B molecules, the result is a three-dimensional network of modified phospholipidavidin complexes. This large aggregate grew until it precipitated from solution, as evidenced by gross turbidity which was monitored spectrophotometrically. The avidin-surfactant aggregates were then separated from solution by centrifugation and decantation of the supernatant The avidin complex was resolubilized in a high concentration of (10-3 M) C12E8 in buffer solution, denatured by guanidinium chloride addition to debind the DMPE-biotin, and renatured after removal of the phospholipid by dilution and ultrafiltration. The technique was demonstrated with avidin solutions using lysozyme, bovine serum albumin, and myoglobin as model impurities. Greater than 85% recovery of avidin was achieved with no measureable coprecipitation of the model impurities. Avidin was also recovered from partially purified egg white solutions, which had been pretreated by ion exchange chromatography to remove hydrophobic and negatively charged protein impurities. Hence, greater than 90% of the avidin in the partially purified egg white fraction was recovered in pure active form, as evidenced by spectrophotometric assay and sodium dodecyl sulfate Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE).