gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mixtures of a series of homologous hydrophobic peptides with lipid bilayers: a simple model system for examining the protein-lipid interface (1986)

The interactions of several members of a homologous series of peptides with the phospholipid&#13;\nbilayer have been examined by using fluorescence and deuterium NMR spectroscopy, differential scanning&#13;\ncalorimetry, and measurements of water-to-bilayer partition coefficients. 1,2-Dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-&#13;\nphosphocholine (DMPC) bilayers and tripeptides of the form Ala-X-Ala-O-tert-butyl are used as a model&#13;\nsystem to probe the influence of amino acid side-chain substitution on the insertion of peptides into membranes&#13;\nand the behavior of peptide/bilayer mixtures. Tripeptides with X = Gly, Ala, Phe, and Trp have been&#13;\nexamined. All of the tripeptides are water soluble, and all partition into DMPC bilayer vesicles to some&#13;\nextent. The Gly-containing peptide is the least soluble and the Trp-containing peptide the most soluble&#13;\nin the bilayer. The extent of perturbation of the bilayer structure induced by the peptides parallels their&#13;\nbilayer solubility: the Gly and Ala peptides act as simple impurities while peptides containing bulky aromatic&#13;\nrings cause a phase separation. Changes in the fluorescence properties of the Trp analogue upon incorporation&#13;\ninto the bilayer indicate that the Trp side chain is probably immersed in the hydrocarbon region of the bilayer.&#13;\nPeptides of this form should serve as easily modifiable model systems with which to examine details of how&#13;\nthe bilayer environment affects peptide conformation, as well as how hydrophobic peptides affect the bilayer&#13;\nstructure.
Physicochemical properties and combustion kinetics of food waste derived hydrochars (2022)

In this work, simulated food waste (15% white bread, 15% palm dates (without seeds), 5% boiled egg (without shells), 20% spent tea leaves, 20% spent coffee ground, and 25% banana peel in parts weight) was subjected to hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) at 180, 200 and 220 °C for 120 min. The mass yield and energy yield of the resultant hydrochars viz. HTC180, HTC200, and HTC220 were 69.46, 68.50, 65.35% and 88.91, 87.68, 84.30%, respectively. Among the hydrochars produced, HTC220 had the highest heating value (HHV: 23.61 MJ/kg), while the food waste had a HHV of 18.17 MJ/kg. Activation energy for the combustion of food waste and HTC220 was determined by modelling the thermogravimetric data using the Arrhenius equation and was found to be in the range of 29.98 to 33.51 kJ/mol and 16.52 to 25.47 kJ/mol, respectively. The densification ratio for the three hydrochar samples varied slightly (1.28–1.29). The results indicate that the hydrochar produced from food waste could be a potential to substitute coal combustion.
A holistic characterization methodology for stochastic printing failures in EUV contact holes (2021)

A characterization approach has been developed for evaluating stochastic printing failures in EUV contact holes. Demand for consistent yield exceeding 10 billion contacts requires robust process co-optimization with a focus on stochastic defect reduction throughout the patterning process flow. To monitor and quantify failure rates across process points, implementation of a holistic approach for accurate and high-throughput methodologies is proposed.
2-Microglobulin and granulocyte elastase (1993)

Plasma beta 2-M was measured by radioimmunoassay in samples obtained before and after dialysis with seven different dialysers, tested according to the protocol of the International Cooperative Biocompatibility Study (ICBS). Plasma beta 2-M was corrected for contraction of its distribution volume, which was assumed to be equal to the extracellular fluid volume. The uncorrected plasma beta 2-M concentration increased with all conventional dialysers, including the G10-3N, (cuprammonium cellulose plate), G120 M (cuprammonium cellulose hollow fibre), CD 4000 (cellulose acetate) and T 150 (polymethylmethacrylate). However, no significant differences were found between the predialysis and the corrected postdialysis plasma beta 2-M concentrations with these conventional dialysers, and thus no evidence of net generation or release of beta 2-M was found in this study. With high-permeability membranes, the corrected postdialysis beta 2-M values were decreased by 27.1% with the Duo-Flux Artificial Kidney, 53.5% with F 60, and 34.6% with Filtral, indicating that dialysers with these membranes eliminate plasma beta 2-M to a certain extent. The complex of granulocyte elastase with alpha 1-antiproteinase in plasma was also measured in samples from the arterial blood line collected before, and after 30 and 120 min of dialysis with each of the seven dialysers in this study. All dialysers elicited an increase in the mean plasma elastase concentrations which was more than twice as high with cuprammonium cellulose plate than with all of the others. The change of elastase at 120 min of dialysis varied considerably with each dialyser and was statistically significant with all except CD 4000, F 60, and Filtral.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Expansion of spatial measurement range by use of vernier effect in fiber Bragg grating strain sensing system with synthesis of optical coherence function (2004)

Adopting a method named synthesis of optical coherence function (SOCF), we have proposed and developed an original technique to multiplex fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors with similar wavelength. When we synthesize delta-function-like optical coherence function, we can selectively obtain the information for one FBG at a position corresponding to the coherence peak. Therefore, by this technique, we can make use of an array of FBG's with the similar Bragg wavelength. However, to avoid the error signal by the coherence peak of higher order, we need to take delay line in the system whose fiber-length is equal or longer than the fiber-length of multiplexed FBG array, that is, spatial measurement range is limited to the half of the original one. In this paper, we propose the scheme by use of vernier effect to solve the issue on the spatial measurement range with the conventional coherence peak sweep method in FBG strain sensing system with SOCF.
Live vaccines for human metapneumovirus designed by reverse genetics (2006)

Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) was first described in 2001 and has quickly become recognized as an important cause of respiratory tract disease worldwide, especially in the pediatric population. A vaccine against HMPV is required to prevent severe disease associated with infection in infancy. The primary strategy is to develop a live-attenuated virus for intranasal immunization, which is particularly well suited against a respiratory virus. Reverse genetics provides a means of developing highly characterized 'designer' attenuated vaccine candidates. To date, several promising vaccine candidates have been developed, each using a different mode of attenuation. One candidate involves deletion of the G glycoprotein, providing attenuation that is probably based on reduced efficiency of attachment. A second candidate involves deletion of the M2-2 protein, which participates in regulating RNA synthesis and whose deletion has the advantageous property of upregulating transcription and increasing antigen synthesis. A third candidate involves replacing the P protein gene of HMPV with its counterpart from the related avian metapneumovirus, thereby introducing attenuation owing to its chimeric nature and host range restriction. Another live vaccine strategy involves using an attenuated parainfluenza virus as a vector to express HMPV protective antigens, providing a bivalent pediatric vaccine. Additional modifications to provide improved vaccines will also be discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: A General Route to β‐Substituted Pyrroles by Transition‐Metal Catalysis. (2016)

Abstract The Pd‐catalyzed bis‐allylation of aromatic and aliphatic amines followed by a one‐pot Grubbs‐catalyzed ring‐closing metathesis and a FeCl 3 ‐promoted aromatization provides an efficient route to 1,3‐disubstituted pyrroles.
Antigenic Profiling of aChlamydia trachomatisGene‐Expression Library (2008)

The obligate intracellular bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is the causative agent of sexually transmitted chlamydia infections. A panel of 116 recombinant C. trachomatis proteins was evaluated comparatively to characterize both cell-mediated and humoral immune responses in patients with confirmed C. trachomatis genital infection. The antigens identified were categorized as being recognized exclusively by T cells (CT004, CT043, CT184, CT509, and CT611), B cells (CT082, CT089, CT322, CT396, and CT681), or both T cells and B cells (CT110 and CT443). This grouping of C. trachomatis antigens was correlated to their predicted cellular localization. The comparative evaluation presented here indicates that T cell antigens are located in all bacterial compartments, whereas antibody targets are mainly localized to the outer membrane (P = .0013). Overall, we have identified 5 T cell antigens, 5 B cell antigens, and 2 T/B cell antigens that are potential components for a future chlamydia vaccine.
Revascularization and Aneurysm Surgery (2014)

Given current limitations with existing treatments, cerebral revascularization remains an essential technique for aneurysm surgery.
Effect of Pressure on the Magnetoresistance of Single CrystalNd0.5Sr0.36Pb0.14MnO3−δ (1996)

To investigate the observed huge variations in magnetoresistance between different samples of manganite perovskites we have performed the first high-pressure measurement of magnetoresistance in single crystal ${\mathrm{Nd}}_{0.5}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{0.36}{\mathrm{Pb}}_{0.14}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\delta}}$. Both resistivity and magnetoresistance are strongly suppressed upon application of pressure. The decrease in magnetoresistance with increasing pressure rules out substrate-induced compressive strain as a source of enhanced magnetoresistance. Instead, the magnetoresistance differences between samples are ascribed primarily to the more abrupt nature of the semiconductorlike to metallic phase transition at lower temperatures.
Fhit Tumor Suppressor: Guardian of The Preneoplastic Genome (2008)

Environmental agents induce intragenic alterations in the FRA3B/FHIT chromosome fragile site, resulting in fragile FHIT allele loss early in cancer development. Fhit knockout mice are predisposed to tumor development and Fhit gene therapy reduces tumor burden. Repair-deficient cancers are likely to be Fhit-deficient and Fhit-deficient cells show enhanced resistance to ultraviolet C, mitomycin C, camptothecin and oxidative stress-induced cell killing. Loss of Fhit leads to alterations in the DNA damage response checkpoint and contributes to DNA instability. Hsp60/Hsp10 are Fhit interactors, suggesting a direct role for Fhit in stress responses. Fhit also interacts with and stabilizes ferrodoxin reductase (Fdxr), a mitochondrial flavoprotein that transfers electrons from NADPH to cytochrome P450, suggesting a role for Fhit in the modulation of reactive oxygen species production and of genomic damage.
Real-Time Distributed Fiber-Optic Temperature Sensing In The Process Environment (1990)

In this paper we describe application of fiber-optic distributed temperature sensing to the process monitoring and control environment. The measurement technique utilizes a modified optical time-domain reflectometer (OTDR) arrangement, where an excitation pulse is launched into the fiber, and a temperature-sensitive property of the backscatter is analyzed as a function of time. From this information we deduce the temperature profile along the length of the fiber. The fiber itself is used as the sensor, and the temperature sensitive property measured is the spontaneous anti-Stokes Raman scattering of the fiber core material. The optical fiber is installed throughout the environment to be monitored, and temperature profiles are logged as a function of time. The fiber used is standard communication-grade, graded-index multimode fiber, although certain applications require fibers with special coatings. Typically, a 2 km loop is measured in 12 seconds to a point resolution of + 1°C (2.5 sigma) with a sample separation of 5 m. The performance characteristics of the distributed temperature measurement system are described including optical design, fiber properties, splice, connector and coiling effects. Installation design principles are discussed together with the interplay between the physical installation and the performance of the instrument. This discussion includes the relationships between spatial resolution, temperature resolution and accuracy, coil length, measurement time, and the environment. Use of distributed temperature sensing in a simulated production environment is discussed, including process capability study measurements and on-line process monitoring and control. A brief application review is also given.
Integrated After-Market Solar Panel Antennas for Small Satellites (2009)

The majority of surface area on a small satellite is taken up by solar panels for power. Integrating antennas with solar panels, would save a valuable amount of satellite surface area, and thus directly contribute to the size reduction and multi-functionality of solar panel. Furthermore, such integration does not require deployed mechanism and therefore is cost-friendly design.Two types of integrations are presented in this paper. The first type is to place optically transparent antennas directly on top of after-market solar cells. Meshed conductors with optical transparency higher than 9 0% are used to design antennas in this case. The second type is to utilize the area between solar cells on the solar panel to design slot antennas. The slot antennas are highly integrative and lie on the same plane with the solar cells without blocking solar energy.The paper discusses both types of solar panel antennas that can be conveniently integrated with after-market solar cells, providing a novel and cost-friendly solution for small satellite system.
MIF-Mediated Hemodilution Promotes Pathogenic Anemia in Experimental African Trypanosomosis (2016)

Animal African trypanosomosis is a major threat to the economic development and human health in sub-Saharan Africa. Trypanosoma congolense infections represent the major constraint in livestock production, with anemia as the major pathogenic lethal feature. The mechanisms underlying anemia development are ill defined, which hampers the development of an effective therapy. Here, the contribution of the erythropoietic and erythrophagocytic potential as well as of hemodilution to the development of T. congolense-induced anemia were addressed in a mouse model of low virulence relevant for bovine trypanosomosis. We show that in infected mice, splenic extramedullary erythropoiesis could compensate for the chronic low-grade type I inflammation-induced phagocytosis of senescent red blood cells (RBCs) in spleen and liver myeloid cells, as well as for the impaired maturation of RBCs occurring in the bone marrow and spleen. Rather, anemia resulted from hemodilution. Our data also suggest that the heme catabolism subsequent to sustained erythrophagocytosis resulted in iron accumulation in tissue and hyperbilirubinemia. Moreover, hypoalbuminemia, potentially resulting from hemodilution and liver injury in infected mice, impaired the elimination of toxic circulating molecules like bilirubin. Hemodilutional thrombocytopenia also coincided with impaired coagulation. Combined, these effects could elicit multiple organ failure and uncontrolled bleeding thus reduce the survival of infected mice. MIF (macrophage migrating inhibitory factor), a potential pathogenic molecule in African trypanosomosis, was found herein to promote erythrophagocytosis, to block extramedullary erythropoiesis and RBC maturation, and to trigger hemodilution. Hence, these data prompt considering MIF as a potential target for treatment of natural bovine trypanosomosis.
Radio Resource Management with Proportional Rate Constraint in the Heterogeneous Networks (2011)

We study the radio resource management (RRM) in orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) involved heterogeneous networks, to maximize the system sum-rate under the proportional user rate constraint. An analytical model which reflects the network access features is presented. Allowing multi-homing access and resource element sharing, the RRM problem can be formulated as a linear programming (LP) problem, and the optimal solution provides upper-bound performance. In order to analyze the network selection criterion, we consider an approximated RRM problem with average resource allocations. Two different multi-homing formulations are used, and both are proven to have the same solution, where the network selection is related to the users' rate ratios between different networks. Then, we propose a low complexity suboptimal RRM algorithm, which is composed of a basic part without multi-homing access and a supplementary part with multi-homing support. The basic part makes single network selection and resource allocations. The network selection algorithm is designed based on the criterion found in the approximated problem. After network selection, an efficient resource allocation algorithm is utilized in the OFDMA network, which can employ the multi-user time and frequency diversity well. If multi-homing is allowed, the supplementary part selects the multi-homing users and reallocates partial resources to further improve the performance. Our simulation results show that the proposed suboptimal algorithm can achieve considerable gains over the previous schemes with minor performance degradation compared with the optimal solution.
Transmit Antenna Selection for Dual Polarized Channel Using Singular Value Decision (2005)

In this paper, we focus on the potential of dual polarized antennas in mobile system. Thus, this paper designs exact dual polarized channel with Spatial Channel Model (SCM) and investigates the performance for certain environment. Using proposed the channel model; we know estimates of the channel capacity as a function of cross polarization discrimination (XPD) and spatial fading correlation. It is important that the MIMO channel matrix consists of Kronecker product dividable spatial and polarized channel. Through the channel characteristics, we propose an algorithm for the adaptation of transmit antenna configuration to time varying propagation environments. The optimal active transmit antenna subset is determined with equal power allocated to the active transmit antennas, assuming no feedback information on types of the selected antennas. We first consider a heuristic decision strategy in which the optimal active transmit antenna subset and its system capacity are determined such that the transmission data rate is maximized among all possible types. This paper then proposes singular values decision procedure consisting of Kronecker product with spatial and polarize channel. This method of singular value decision, which the first channel environments is determined using singular values of spatial channel part which is made of environment parameters and distance between antennas, level of correlation. Then we will select antenna which have various polarization type. After spatial channel structure is decided, we contact polarization types which have considerable cases It is note that the proposed algorithms and analysis of dual polarized channel using SCM (Spatial Channel Model) optimize channel capacity and reduce the number of transmit antenna selection compare to heuristic method which has considerable 100 cases.
Exploration of the labeling of [11C]tubastatin A at the hydroxamic acid site with [11C]carbon monoxide (2015)

We aimed to label tubastatin A (1) with carbon-11 (t1/2 = 20.4 min) in the hydroxamic acid site to provide a potential radiotracer for imaging histone deacetylase 6 in vivo with positron emission tomography. Initial attempts at a one-pot Pd-mediated insertion of [(11)C]carbon monoxide between the aryl iodide (2) and hydroxylamine gave low radiochemical yields (<5%) of [(11) C]1. Labeling was achieved in useful radiochemical yields (16.1 ± 5.6%, n = 4) through a two-step process based on Pd-mediated insertion of [(11)C]carbon monoxide between the aryl iodide (2) and p-nitrophenol to give the [(11)C]p-nitrophenyl ester ([(11)C]5), followed by ultrasound-assisted hydroxyaminolysis of the activated ester with excess hydroxylamine in a DMSO/THF mixture in the presence of a strong phosphazene base P1-t-Bu. However, success in labeling the hydroxamic acid group of [(11)C]tubastatin A was not transferable to the labeling of three other model hydroxamic acids.
<title>Time to contact from active tracking of motion boundaries</title> (1994)

This paper addresses the problem of recovering time-to-contact by actively tracking motion boundaries. Unlike previous approaches which use image features, we use the camera's own motion to both detect and track object boundaries. First we develop a framework in which the boundaries of objects are automatically detected using the motion parallax caused by the motion of an active camera. We use a correlation-based method to locate motion boundaries and our work has focused on detecting the motion boundaries early and robustly. A confidence field, which expresses the likelihood that a point lies on a motion boundary, is constructed from the shape of the correlation surface. Spatial coherence of object boundaries is modeled with dynamic contours which are automatically initialized using an attentional mechanism. Then, as the camera moves, the shapes of the dynamic contours are held fixed and they are tracked under an assumption of affine deformation. The affine parameters are recovered from the active tracking over time and are used to compute time-to-contact. We illustrate the behavior of this active approach with experiments on both synthetic and real image sequences.
Optical Properties of In2xGa2–2xO3 Nanowires Revealed by Photoacoustic Spectroscopy (2019)

Group III oxides, such as In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, have proved to be good candidates as active materials for novel electronic devices, including high-mobility transistors, gas sensors, and UV photodetectors. The ability to tune optical and electronic properties is provided by alloying In<sub>2 x</sub>Ga<sub>2-2 x</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (InGaO) in a broad compositional range. Further development of InGaO compounds in the form of nanowires (NWs) would overcome the technological limitations, such as the substrate crystal lattice mismatch and the inability to fabricate high quality structures above the critical thickness. In this work, optical properties of alloyed InGaO NWs in a wide compositional range are carefully assessed. Unlike classical optical characterization methods, photoacoustic spectroscopy reveals the fundamental absorption edge despite the strong light scattering in porous and randomly oriented nanowires structure. An unusual compositional band gap dependence is also observed, giving insight into the phase segregation effect and increased quality of mixed NWs. In addition, photoacoustic measurements disclose potential applications of InGaO NWs in remote, light-driven loudspeakers because of intense photoacoustic effect in nanowire ensembles in this material system.
Robotics and automation applications of drives and converters (2001)

The current design limits of power electronics have a significant effect on robotics and automation applications of drives and converters. This paper treats the major design limits that include dynamic range, reliability of power electronics, precision engineering and reliability, productivity and reliability, and drive motion control standards. For each of these limits, the paper identifies and discusses the salient issues and relates them to promising new technologies and, thus, to the future challenges in power electronic systems.