gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wheel Power in Urban and Extra-Urban Driving for xEV Design (2019)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Electrified powertrains respond to driver demand for vehicle acceleration by producing power through either the electric drive system or an on-board combustion engine or both. In Plug-In Hybrid Vehicles (PHEVs), the powertrain provides the purest form of transportation when responding to driver demand through the electric drive system. We develop a method to size the electric drive system in PHEVs to provide zero emission driving in densely populated urban regions. We use real world data from Europe and calculate instantaneous wheel power during trips. Ray tracing is used to identify the regions where trips occur and the population density of these regions is obtained from an open source dataset published by Eurostat. Regions are categorized by their population density into urban and extra-urban regions. Real world data from these regions is analyzed to determine the wheel power required in urban and extra-urban settings. The wheel power calculated is also represented as a heat map of acceleration vs vehicle speed in urban and extra-urban regions, showing driving behavior differences between the two regions. These results can be directly used to infer battery power requirements, regen power requirements and motor power requirements for the design of electrified powertrains’ electric drive systems.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Photoluminescence of cubic mixed-metal tetrameric clusters (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotoluminescence of cubic mixed-metal tetrameric clustersMaher Henary and Jeffrey I. ZinkCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 19, 7407–7411Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00201a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00201a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views210Altmetric-Citations52LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: PERFLUOROALKYLATION OF THIOLS. EVIDENCE FOR A RADICAL CHAIN PROCESS (1984)

Abstract Durch Reaktion der Perfluoralkyliodide (II) mit‐ den Thiolen (I) werden die Sulfide (III) erhalten.
Measurement of the prompt-production cross-section ratio σ(χc2)/σ(χc1) in pPb collisions at sNN=8.16 TeV (2021)

This article reports the first measurement of prompt ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{c1}$ and ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{c2}$ charmonium production in nuclear collisions at Large Hadron Collider energies. The cross-section ratio $\ensuremath{\sigma}({\ensuremath{\chi}}_{c2})/\ensuremath{\sigma}({\ensuremath{\chi}}_{c1})$ is measured in $p\mathrm{Pb}$ collisions at $\sqrt{{s}_{NN}}=8.16$ TeV, collected with the LHCb experiment. The ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{c1,2}$ states are reconstructed via their decay to a $J/\ensuremath{\psi}$ meson, subsequently decaying into a pair of oppositely charged muons, and a photon, which is reconstructed in the calorimeter or via its conversion in the detector material. The cross-section ratio is consistent with unity in the two considered rapidity regions. Comparison with a corresponding cross-section ratio previously measured by the LHCb Collaboration in $pp$ collisions suggests that ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{c1}$ and ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{c2}$ states are similarly affected by nuclear effects occurring in $p\mathrm{Pb}$ collisions.
Non-destructive,in situ measurements of diamond-like-carbon film hardness using Raman and Rayleigh scattering (1999)

Diamond-like Carbon (DLC) coatings have recently proven to be suitable for a number of tribological applications. Hardness of the DCL coating is very important for such application. An in-situ, non-destructive technique to measure the film hardness would be crucial for process control and quality control of DLC coatings. In this study, Raman and Rayleigh scattering were investigated as potential techniques for non-destructive measurements of DLC film hardness. Features in both Raman and Rayleigh spectra were correlated with film hardness as measured by nano-indentation technique. Regarding the Raman spectra of the film, a linear correlation was found between film hardness and area under diamond related peak at 1332 cm−1. Regarding the Rayleigh scattering, a linear relationship was, also, found between the film hardness and the height of the Rayleigh line. Raman and Rayleigh scattering have shown huge potential to be used as non-destructive, in-situ techniques to measure DLC coating hardness. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
TAMED: Transitional Approaches for LFI Resilient State Machine Encoding (2022)

Finite state machines (FSMs) control the behavior of sequential circuits, including access to privileged states and sensitive information. Laser-based fault injection (LFI) is a precise method where an adversary breaks the chip security by altering the values of individual flip-flops (FFs) with a laser beam. To understand LFI, different laser models, e.g., bit flip, bit set, and bit reset, have been developed. Existing countermeasures can improve FSM resiliency, but either generate multiple LFI resilient encodings applicable only to certain models, or are too conservative, thus incurring significant overhead. In this paper, we introduce the transition-based encoding CAD framework (TAMED), which offers greater flexibility by precisely generating a single optimized FSM encoding that is resilient to multiple LFI models. Predicated on linear programming, TAMED introduces Transitional Vulnerability Metrics that can quantify susceptibility of FSMs based on the bit flip model and the set-reset models. TAMED is demonstrated on 5 benchmarks and outperforms other FSM encoding schemes in terms of security and overhead.
Antenas fractales microstrip impresas en esponjas metalizables (2009)

Radiating elements are usually made of metallic materials which increase the antenna complexity and weight. In
order to solve this drawback, an antenna manufacture process using metallized foams is presented. A microstrip patch antenna
inspired in the fractal Koch island geometry embedded in a
rectangular cavity is built and tested. Results of reflection
coefficient and directivity versus frequency have been
compared with simulated data resulting in very good
agreement. All the metallic parts of the antenna (patch, cavity,
and feeding probe) have been metallized on the foam resulting
in a low weight, low complexity, and low cost antenna structure
Carrier-wave Rabi flopping signatures in high-order harmonic generation (2015)

We present theoretical investigations of carrier-wave Rabi flopping (CWRF) in real atoms by studying high-order harmonic generation in alkali species. We concentrate on the features of the third harmonic of Na and K atoms. For pulse areas of 2π and Na atoms, a characteristic unique peak appears, which, after analyzing the ground state population, we correlate it with the conventional Rabi flopping. On the other hand, for larger pulse areas and K atoms, CWRF occurs, and it is associated with a more complex structure in the third harmonic. These new characteristics indicate the breakdown of the area theorem, as was already demonstrated in narrow band gap semiconductors.
Spectral and spatial resolution of semiconductor detectors in medical X- and gamma ray imaging (2008)

In X- and gamma ray based medical systems, detector performance is a key driver for diagnostic quality. Over the last years and decades, indirect conversion scintillator detectors have become the standard for many medical applications including X-ray Radiography, Computed Tomography and SPECT. Recently, direct conversion semiconductor detectors based on CdTe and CdZnTe (CZT) have come into focus, as they might offer improved or additional performance for specific applications.
Diagnostic imaging of the larynx: autofluorescence of laryngeal tumours using the helium-cadmium laser (1995)

The use of tissue autofluorescence for the detection and localization of cancer of the larynx is described. In this pilot study, eight patients with probable carcinoma of the vocal folds underwent laryngoscopy in which the tissue autofluorescence spectra of normal and pathologically confirmed tumour tissue were acquired in vivo. Fluorescence images of the suspect areas were also acquired using the LIFE system (Xillix Technologies Corp.). The results suggest that the autofluorescence properties of laryngeal tissue, under 442 nm illumination, are similar to those of bronchial tissue and that the LIFE system has the potential to increase the accuracy of staging of cancer of the larynx and also to allow earlier diagnosis of tumours and their recurrence.
Bis‐clickable Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles: Straightforward Preparation of Light‐Actuated Nanomachines for Controlled Drug Delivery with Active Targeting (2016)

Bis(clickable) mesoporous silica nanospheres (ca. 100 nm) were obtained by the co-condensation of TEOS with variable amounts (2-5 % each) of two clickable organosilanes in the presence of CTAB. Such nanoparticles could be easily functionalized with two independent functions using the copper-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction to transform them into nanomachines bearing cancer cell targeting ligands with the ability to deliver drugs on-demand. The active targeting was made possible after anchoring folic acid by CuAAC click reaction, whereas the controlled delivery was performed by clicked azobenzene fragments. Indeed, the azobenzene groups are able to obstruct the pores of the nanoparticles in the dark whereas upon irradiation in the UV or in the blue range, their trans-to-cis photoisomerization provokes disorder in the pores, enabling the delivery of the cargo molecules. The on-command delivery was proven in solution by dye release experiments, and in vitro by doxorubicin delivery. The added value of the folic acid ligand was clearly evidenced by the difference of cell killing induced by doxorubicin-loaded nanoparticles under blue irradiation, depending on whether the particles featured the clicked folic acid ligand or not.
Optimal Control Parameterization for ActivelPassive EXoskeleton with Variable Impedance Actuator (2018)

An Active/Passive EXoskeleton (APEX) has been investigated to provide continuous assistance as a passive device, while having tunable dynamic properties through a variable impedance actuator. This paper introduces a novel computational method for APEX to search suitable dynamic properties to assist a given task. An optimal parameter selection problem is formulated based on a hybrid system model and a gradient method is proposed to solve the nonlinear optimization problem. A simulation study is conducted, and the results indicate that the method can search the global optimum of the problem to provide users with suitable passive assistance.
The Biology of Interleukin-1 and Its Relevance to Hemodialysis (1983)

The host responds to infectious, toxic inflammatory and immunological challenges with a remarkably consistent set of changes which are often grouped together and called the acute phase response. This response includes fever, negative nitrogen balance, increased synthesis of certain hepatic proteins, decreases in plasma iron and zinc levels and increases in circulating neutrophils. The continued presence of the disease results in the persistence of acute phase changes such that these changes can also be markers of a chronic pathological process. The ability of the host to produce several components of the acute phase response is due to the synthesis and release of a mediator peptide derived from activated mononuclear phagocytes and now called interleukin-1 (IL-1). Many of the clinical and laboratory changes noted in chronic hemodialysis are indicative of an acute phase response and are probably mediated by IL-1. This review considers the production and biological properties of IL-1 and the role of this mediator in host responses. In addition, particular attention is paid to the importance of monocyte activation and IL-1 release which may be a consequence of hemodialysis.
Saturation pool boiling of HFE-7100 dielectric liquid in a simulated reduced gravity (2002)

The effects of simulated reduced gravity on nucleate boiling and Critical Heat Flux (CHF) of the hydrofluoroether. HFE-7100 dielectric liquid from a 1.0-cm2 smooth copper surface are investigated experimentally. Reduced gravity is simulated by varying the inclination angle of the surface, θ, from 0° (upward-facing, 1-g) to 180° (downward facing, zero-g) in 10°–30° increments. Results show that nucleate boiling heat fluxes at surface superheats, ΔTsat>13 K are highest at 0° and decrease with increased θ to 180°. At lower superheats, however, the nucleate boiling heat flux data are inconclusive, with the lowest and highest values occurring at 120° and 180°, respectively. The developed correlations for saturation nucleate boiling, as a function of θ, is within ± 10% of the data. Correlations for the normalized CHF to that at 0° (or CHFR), and of the surface superheat at CHF (⩽31.7 K) are also developed as functions of θ. The CHFR decreases slowly as θ increases from 0° to 120°, then faster for θ>120°, consistent with earlier work for dielectric and non-dielectric liquids. The surface superheat at CHF also decreases as θ increases reaching its lowest value at 180°. Photographs of saturation nucleate boiling at θ=0°, 30°, 120° and 180°, support the nucleate boiling heat flux measurements. This work demonstrated that dissipation heat fluxes of 24.45 and 4.30 W/cm2 could be removed from a high performance computer chip by saturation nucleate boiling of HFE-7100 at 0° (or 1g) and 180° (or zero-g), at surface superheats of 31.7 and 19.9 K, respectively.
Laccase Biosensor on Monolayer‐Modified Gold Electrode (2003)

Abstract Laccase enzymes from two different sources, namely, tree laccase from Rhus vernicifera and fungal laccase from Coriolus hirsutus were used for the development of biosensor for catechol. Laccase was immobilized onto the amine terminated thiol monolayers on gold surface by glutaraldehyde coupling. From the different thiol monolayers investigated, cystamine was found to be optimal with respect to sensitivity, stability, reproducibility, and other electrochemical properties of the enzyme electrode. Linear calibration in the range between 1 and 400 μM for catechol was obtained for fungal laccase covalently coupled on the electrode surface. The kinetic parameters determined using the Lineweaver‐Burk and Eadie‐Hofstee plots were K m =0.65 mM and V max =24.5 μA for fungal laccase compared to K m =5.4 mM and V max =6.6 μA for tree laccase on cystamine monolayer. The electrode showed good stability for 1 month without loosing appreciable activity when stored dry in a refrigerator at −20 °C.
Finerenone, a Novel Selective Nonsteroidal Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonist Protects From Rat Cardiorenal Injury (2014)

Pharmacological blockade of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) ameliorates end-organ damage in chronic heart failure. However, the clinical use of available steroidal MR antagonists is restricted because of concomitant hyperkalemia especially in patients with diminished kidney function. We have recently identified a novel nonsteroidal MR antagonist, finerenone, which uniquely combines potency and selectivity toward MR. Here, we investigated the tissue distribution and chronic cardiorenal end-organ protection of finerenone in comparison to the steroidal MR antagonist, eplerenone, in 2 different preclinical rat disease models. Quantitative whole-body autoradiography revealed that [C]-labeled finerenone equally distributes into rat cardiac and renal tissues. Finerenone treatment prevented deoxycorticosterone acetate-/salt-challenged rats from functional as well as structural heart and kidney damage at dosages not reducing systemic blood pressure. Finerenone reduced cardiac hypertrophy, plasma prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide, and proteinuria more efficiently than eplerenone when comparing equinatriuretic doses. In rats that developed chronic heart failure after coronary artery ligation, finerenone (1 mg·kg·d), but not eplerenone (100 mg·kg·d) improved systolic and diastolic left ventricular function and reduced plasma prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide levels. We conclude that finerenone may offer end-organ protection with a reduced risk of electrolyte disturbances.
Human Fetal Tissue from Elective Abortions in Research and Medicine: Science, Ethics, and the Law. (2020)

Since the U.S. Supreme Court issued its landmark decision in 1973 to legalize abortion, over 60 million preborn have been killed by elective abortion. While alive in the womb, these preborn are abandoned and not protected under current law. But once aborted, their body parts are a highly esteemed and prized commodity amongst certain members of the scientific community. Moral discourse is disregarded for the sake of science. The public have been lulled and lured into believing that this practice must continue in order to understand and develop cures for some of the most debilitating diseases of our day. But they are mistaken. This practice is not necessary, especially in light of numerous noncontroversial alternatives. Here, we expose and consider the false and misleading claims regarding human fetal tissue (HFT) in research from scientific, legal, and ethical points of view. We endeavor deeply to understand the depth of the injustice in this practice and what forces promote and maintain it; and by revealing and understanding these forces, we set forth how these inhumane practices can be ended. An accurate portrayal of the history of HFT use in research is provided, along with a close examination of the current state of this practice under existing laws. The serious societal implications are also discussed, which will worsen beyond comprehension if these practices are allowed to continue. The timeliness of this information cannot be overstated, and a thorough understanding is paramount for anyone who desires to know the facts about HFT in research and medicine and its detrimental impact for humanity.
Power-performance comparative evaluation of alternate microarchitectures (2008)

This article consists of a collection of slides from the author's conference presentation. Some of the specific areas/topics discussed include: Power Dissipation and Efficiency Basics; POWER4 vs. POWERS; POWERS vs. POWER6; Roadrunner and Blue Gene System Efficiency; Conclusion; BACKUP: Looking Ahead: A Few Key Research Issues.
Angular sampling, Test Signal, and Near Field Aspects for Over-the-Air\n Total Radiated Power Assessment in Anechoic Chambers (2018)

5th Generation Mobile Network Systems(5G systems) operating in milli-meter\nWave (mmW) bands will employ base stations with integrated Active Antenna\nSystems (AASs) capable of beam-tracking using narrow beams obtained from array\nantennas encapsulated in a chip-like device. Regulatory limits for unwanted\nRadio Frequency (RF) emissions are currently set in terms of Total Radiated\nPower (TRP). As measurements at the antenna connectors are not possible,\nOver-The-Air (OTA) methods for TRP of unwanted emissions are needed. The method\ninvestigated here uses power density measurements on a spherical surface in an\nanechoic chamber. Two major challenges with such a method are: need for large\nnumber of angular points, and search for worst case antenna configuration per\nfrequency for electrically large devices at high frequencies. These challenges\nare addressed by investigating the impact of correlation, sparse sampling, and\nuse of beam sweeping on the TRP estimate. Finally, it is investigated how and\nin which spatial regions near-field tangential electric field measurements can\nbe used to assess TRP.\n
Fabrication of Liquid Scintillators Loaded with 6-Phenylhexanoic Acid-Modified ZrO2 Nanoparticles for Observation of Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay (2021)

The observation of neutrinoless double beta decay is an important issue in nuclear and particle physics. The development of organic liquid scintillators with high transparency and a high concentration of the target isotope would be very useful for neutrinoless double beta decay experiments. Therefore, we propose a liquid scintillator loaded with metal oxide nanoparticles containing the target isotope. In this work, 6-phenylhexanoic acid-modified ZrO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles, which contain <sup>96</sup>Zr as the target isotope, were synthesized under sub/supercritical hydrothermal conditions. The effects of the synthesis temperature on the formation and surface modification of the nanoparticles were investigated. Performing the synthesis at 250 and 300 °C resulted in the formation of nanoparticles with smaller particle sizes and higher surface modification densities than those prepared at 350 and 400 °C. The highest modification density (3.1 ± 0.2 molecules/nm<sup>2</sup>) and Zr concentration of (0.33 ± 0.04 wt.%) were obtained at 300 °C. The surface-modified ZrO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles were dispersed in a toluene-based liquid scintillator. The liquid scintillator was transparent to the scintillation wavelength, and a clear scintillation peak was confirmed by X-ray-induced radioluminescence spectroscopy. In conclusion, 6-phenylhexanoic acid-modified ZrO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles synthesized at 300 °C are suitable for loading in liquid scintillators.
The Role of Autoimmunity in Islet Allograft Destruction (2002)

Although it has often been assumed that transplanted allogeneic islets can be destroyed by recurrent autoimmunity in recipients with type 1 diabetes, definitive evidence is lacking and the settings in which this may occur have not been defined. To address these issues, we compared the survival of islet transplants (subject to tissue-specific autoimmunity) with cardiac transplants (not subject to tissue-specific autoimmunity) from various major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-matched and -mismatched donors transplanted into autoimmune NOD recipients. We found that when recipients were treated with combined B7 and CD154 T-cell costimulatory blockade, hearts survived best with better MHC matching, whereas islets survived worst when the donor and recipient shared MHC class II antigens. In the absence of full or MHC class II matching, there was no difference in the survival of islet and cardiac allografts. We also found that the tendency of NOD mice to resist tolerance induction by costimulation blockade is mediated by both CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells, not directly linked to the presence of autoimmunity, and conferred by non-MHC background genes. These findings have clinical importance because they suggest that under some circumstances, avoiding MHC class II sharing may provide better islet allograft survival in recipients with autoimmune diabetes, since mismatched allogeneic islets may be resistant to recurrent autoimmunity. Our results may have implications for the design of future clinical trials in islet transplantation.