gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Parallel Kalman Filter: An efficient tool to deal with real-time non central &#x03C7; noise correction of HARDI data (2012)

We propose a novel real-time non central χ (nc-χ) noise correction method for diffusion-weighted MR data that are known to be particularly sensitive to noise, especially at high b-values. This technique aims to be real-time during the acquisition to get any map stemming from the Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) and the High Angular Resolution Diffusion Imaging (HARDI) models corrected from nc-χ noise. The method is based on a Parallel Kalman Filter which is well adapted for non-Gaussian noise distributions, and which is as suitable for real time purposes as the standard Kalman filter (KF). The results on simulated and real HARDI data show that it outperforms the standard KF approach since non-Gaussian noise distributions are directly embedded in the process through their Gaussian mixture approximation.
From the lab to production: A case study of session-based recommendations in the home-improvement domain (2020)

E-commerce applications rely heavily on session-based recommendation algorithms to improve the shopping experience of their customers. Recent progress in session-based recommendation algorithms shows great promise. However, translating that promise to real-world outcomes is a challenging task for several reasons, but mostly due to the large number and varying characteristics of the available models. In this paper, we discuss the approach and lessons learned from the process of identifying and deploying a successful session-based recommendation algorithm for a leading e-commerce application in the home-improvement domain. To this end, we initially evaluate fourteen session-based recommendation algorithms in an offline setting using eight different popular evaluation metrics on three datasets. The results indicate that offline evaluation does not provide enough insight to make an informed decision since there is no clear winning method on all metrics. Additionally, we observe that standard offline evaluation metrics fall short for this application. Specifically, they reward an algorithm only when it predicts the exact same item that the user clicked next or eventually purchased. In a practical scenario, however, there are near-identical products which, although they are assigned different identifiers, they should be considered as equally-good recommendations. To overcome these limitations, we perform an additional round of evaluation, where human experts provide both objective and subjective feedback for the recommendations of five algorithms that performed the best in the offline evaluation. We find that the experts’ opinion is oftentimes different from the offline evaluation results. Analysis of the feedback confirms that the performance of all models is significantly higher when we evaluate near-identical product recommendations as relevant. Finally, we run an A/B test with one of the models that performed the best in the human evaluation phase. The treatment model increased conversion rate by 15.6% and revenue per visit by 18.5% when compared with a leading third-party solution.
Effects of CaO on the Yield and Thermal Properties of PANI Nanofibers (2017)

Abstract The control of thermal stability of polyaniline (PANI) nanofibers is reported by systematically varying the loadings of CaO in the range from 0.005 g to 1.0 g. It was found to gradually increase the yield of synthesized PANI nanofibers with the increase of CaO addition. The highest yield, 1.103 g was obtained for 1.00 g loading of CaO. The incorporation of CaO into PANI matrix was revealed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) data showed that the thermal stability of PANI nanofibers was greatly improved when CaO was added to the system. 1.00 g loading of CaO is favorable to obtain comparatively more thermally stable PANI. The degradation of PANI chains started at 330 °C for the PANI-CaO composites obtained at 1.00 g CaO addition, which is the highest temperature compared to PANI and the samples synthesized at other amount of CaO loadings. Furthermore, the increasing trend of thermal stability was observed with the increasing of CaO loading.
Synthetic Immunomodulatory Peptide IDR-1002 Enhances Monocyte Migration and Adhesion on Fibronectin (2012)

Regulation of the immune system by immunomodulatory agents, such as the synthetic innate defense regulator (IDR) peptides, has been proposed as a potential strategy to strengthen host immune responses against infection. IDR peptides confer protection in vivo against a range of bacterial infections and have been developed as components of single-dose vaccine adjuvants due to their ability to modulate innate immunity, correlating with an increased recruitment of monocytes to sites of infection or immunization. However, the mechanisms by which IDR peptides augment monocyte recruitment remain poorly defined. Anti-infective peptide IDR-1002 was demonstrated here to lack direct monocyte chemoattractive activity yet enhance, by up to 5-fold, the ability of human monocytes to migrate on fibronectin towards chemokines. This effect correlated with an increased adhesion of monocytes and THP-1 cells to fibronectin by IDR-1002 and other IDR peptides and the adhesion of THP-1 cells to fibronectin occurred in a β(1)-integrin-dependent manner, corresponding with an increased activation of β(1)-integrins and the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt pathway. PI3K- and Akt-specific inhibitors abrogated IDR-1002-induced adhesion and activation of β(1)-integrins, whereas p38 and MEK1 inhibitors did not affect, or moderately inhibited, adhesion, respectively. Furthermore, IDR-1002 enhancement of monocyte migration towards chemokines and activation of β(1)-integrins was abrogated in the presence of PI3K- and Akt-specific inhibitors. In summary, IDR-1002 enhanced monocyte migration on fibronectin through promotion of β(1)-integrin-mediated interactions regulated by the PI3K-Akt pathway, revealing a mechanism by which IDR-1002 promotes monocyte recruitment.
The effect of temperature and oxygen concentration on auto-ignition at low-load operating conditions in a gasoline homogeneous charge compression ignition engine (2013)

Homogenous charge compression ignition combustion offers significant efficiency improvements compared to conventional gasoline engines. However, due to the nature of homogenous charge compression ignition, traditional homogenous charge compression ignition combustion can be realized only in a limited operating range. Homogenous charge compression ignition operation in the high-load range is limited by the trade-off between excessive combustion noise and deteriorated combustion stability. The low-load operation of homogenous charge compression ignition combustion is limited by combustion instability. In order to understand the auto-ignition characteristics at low-load operation, the effect of negative valve overlap, injection timing and external exhaust gas recirculation was investigated. These parameters have a significant impact on temperature and oxygen concentration of the mixture and thus the auto-ignition characteristics. To help interpret the results, an auto-ignition integral calculation was developed and verified with experimental data. It is confirmed that the newly developed auto-ignition integral predicts well the ignition timing and can be used to interpret experimental observations. It is found that at a given speed and load, there is an optimum combination of negative valve overlap and injection timing for stable auto-ignition. When the amount of reforming is low, the in-cylinder temperature is not high enough for auto-ignition. This causes delayed auto-ignition phasing (unstable combustion). When the amount of reforming is high, the cyclic variability of reforming increases, which leads to instability of the main combustion event. When exhaust gas recirculation is employed, the amount of reforming does not change, thus the combustion instability is caused by lack of oxygen concentration rather than lower in-cylinder mixture temperature.
Study of the optimal and simplified Kalman filters for echo cancellation (2013)

In this paper, we study the time-domain Kalman filter in the context of echo cancellation. We explain the fundamental differences between the Kalman filter and the recursive least-squares (RLS) algorithm. Also, we show that the normalized least-mean-square (NLMS) algorithm has a clear relationship with the Kalman filter. Furthermore, a simplified Kalman filter is derived and by a judicious choice of its parameters, this algorithm behaves like a variable step-size adaptive filter. Simulation results indicate the good performance of the optimal and simplified Kalman filtering algorithms.
Estimation of Thermal Barrier Coating Surface Temperature and Heat Flux Profiles in a Low Temperature Combustion Engine Using a Modified Sequential Function Specification Approach (2016)

A modified form of the sequential function specification method (SFSM) is developed with specific consideration given to multiple time scales in an effort to avoid overregularization of the solution estimates. The authors extend their approach to solve the inverse heat conduction problem (IHCP) associated with the application of thermal barrier coatings (TBC) to in-cylinder surfaces of an internal combustion engine. Subsurface temperature measurements are used to calculate surface heat flux profiles. The modified inverse solver is validated ex situ using a custom fabricated radiation chamber. The solution methodology is extended in situ to evaluate temperature data collected from a single-cylinder research engine operating in homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) mode. Crank angle resolved, thermal barrier coating surface temperature and heat flux profiles are produced—enabling correlation of thermal conditions at the gas-wall boundary with engine performance, emission, and efficiency metrics.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Photosensitized reduction of water to hydrogen using human serum albumin complexed with zinc-protoporphyrin IX. (2007)

We present the photophysical properties of complexes of recombinant human serum albumin (rHSA) with Zn(II)-protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP) and their activities in the photosensitized reduction of water to hydrogen (H2) using methyl viologen (MV2+) as an electron relay. The ZnPP is bound in subdomain IB of wild-type rHSA [rHSA(wt] by an axial coordination of Tyr-161 and, in the rHSA(I142H/Y161L) mutant [rHSA(His], by a His-142 coordination. Both the rHSA(wt)-ZnPP and rHSA(His)-ZnPP complexes showed a long-lived photoexcited triplet state with lifetimes (tauT) of 11 and 2.5 ms, respectively. The accommodation of ZnPP into the protein matrix efficiently eliminated the collisional triplet self-quenching process. The addition of a water-soluble electron acceptor, MV2+, resulted in a significant decrease in the triplet lifetime. The transition absorption spectrum revealed the oxidative quenching of rHSA-3ZnPP* by MV2+. The quenching rate constant (kq) and backward electron transfer rate constant (kb) were determined to be 1.4 x 10(7) and 4.7 x 10(8) M(-1) s(-1) for rHSA(wt)-ZnPP. In the presence of the colloidal PVA-Pt as a catalyst and triethanolamine (TEOA) as a sacrificial electron donor, the photosensitized reduction of water to H2 takes place. The efficiency of the photoproduction of H2 was greater than that of the system using the well-known organic chromophore, tetrakis(1-methylpyridinium-4-yl)porphinatozinc(II) (ZnTMPyP4+), under the same conditions. PMID: 17165784 Funding information This work was supported by: Wellcome Trust, United Kingdom
Metal-on-metal: articulations for the new millennium. (2005)

Implants with metal-on-metal articulations (Metasul, Sulzer Medica, Winterthur, Switzerland [now Zimmer, Warsaw, IN]) have been used in nearly 300,000 total hip replacements. In three different clinical studies, clinical success has been demonstrated using this implant as measured by Harris hip scores, patient self-assessment, and assessment of mechanical complications. Of a study group of 924 patients who received this implant, the only reported complications were mechanical, incldding two cup loosenings (0.2%) and 36 dislocations (4.0%). In a randomized study, clinical resultsfor the group that received implants with metal-on-metal articulation were comparable to those of the ceramic-on-polyethylene (control) group. Reports assessing retrieved implants with metal-on-metal articulation demonstrate low annual linear wear rates and no consequences of elevated cobalt ion levels at follow-up from 4 years to 26 years. In light of these data, the continued ise of metal-on-metal articulations is recommended for any patient who does not have compromised renal function.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Dinucleating Macrocyclic Ligands Containing Aza, Amide and Phenol Moieties. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Robust Stability Under a Class of (1995)

This paper considers the robust stability verification of linear time-invariant systems admitting a class of nonlin- ear parametric perturbations. The general setting is one of determining the closed-loop stability of systems whose open- loop transfer functions consist of powers, products, and ratios of polytopes of polynomials. Apart from this general setting, two special cases of independent interest are also considered. The first special case concerns uncertainties in the open-loop gain and real poles and zeros, while the second special case treats uncertainties in the open-loop gain and complex poles and zeros. In light of the zero exclusion principle, robust stability is equivalent to zero exclusion of the value sets of the system characteristic function (a value set consists of the values of the characteristic functions at a fixed frequency). The main results of this paper are as follows. 1) The value set of the characteristic function at each fixed frequency is determined by the edges and some frequency-dependent internal line segments. 2) Consequently, Hurwitz invariance verification simplifies to that of checking certain continuous scalar functions for avoidance of the negative real axis. 3) For the case of real zero-pole-gain variations, the critical lines are all frequency independent, and therefore, the determination of the robust stability is even simpler. 4) For the case of complex zero-pole-gain variations, the critical internal lines are shown to be either frequency independent or to be confined in certain (two-dimensional) planes or (three- dimensional) boxes.
SARS-CoV-2 infection of olfactory epithelial cells and neurons drives acute lung injury and lethal COVID-19 in mice (2021)

Abstract Lethal COVID-19 is associated with respiratory failure that is thought to be caused by acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) secondary to pulmonary infection. To date, the cellular pathogenesis has been inferred from studies describing the expression of ACE2, a transmembrane protein required for SARS-CoV-2 infection, and detection of viral RNA or protein in infected humans, model animals, and cultured cells. To functionally test the cellular mechanisms of COVID-19, we generated hACE2 fl animals in which human ACE2 (hACE2) is expressed from the mouse Ace2 locus in a manner that permits cell-specific, Cre-mediated loss of function. hACE2 fl animals developed lethal weight loss and hypoxemia within 7 days of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 that was associated with pulmonary infiltrates, intravascular thrombosis and patchy viral infection of lung epithelial cells. Deletion of hACE2 in lung epithelial cells prevented viral infection of the lung, but not weight loss, hypoxemia or death. Inhalation of SARS-CoV-2 by hACE2 fl animals resulted in early infection of sustentacular cells with subsequent infection of neurons in the neighboring olfactory bulb and cerebral cortex— events that did not require lung epithelial cell infection. Pharmacologic ablation of the olfactory epithelium or Foxg1 Cre mediated deletion of hACE2 in olfactory epithelial cells and neurons prevented lethality and neuronal infection following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Conversely, transgenic expression of hACE2 specifically in olfactory epithelial cells and neurons in Foxg1 Cre ; LSL- hACE2 mice was sufficient to confer neuronal infection associated with respiratory failure and death. These studies establish mouse loss and gain of function genetic models with which to genetically dissect viral-host interactions and demonstrate that lethal disease due to respiratory failure may arise from extrapulmonary infection of the olfactory epithelium and brain. Future therapeutic efforts focused on preventing olfactory epithelial infection may be an effective means of protecting against severe COVID-19.
One‐Step Synthesis of α‐Chloro Acetophenones from Acid Chlorides and Aryl Precursors. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Implementation of a comprehensive fertility biobanking initiative (2022)

This biobanking initiative addresses a critical, unmet need in reproductive health research to make it possible for patients to donate excess embryos and gametes and preserves, for future research, valuable somatic and reproductive tissues that would otherwise be discarded. We present the framework of this biobanking initiative in order to support future efforts of establishing similar biorepositories.
Conditional density learning via regression with application to deformable shape segmentation (2008)

Many vision problems can be cast as optimizing the conditional probability density function p(C\I) where I is an image and C is a vector of model parameters describing the image. Ideally, the density function p(C\I) would be smooth and unimodal allowing local optimization techniques, such as gradient descent or simplex, to converge to an optimal solution quickly, while preserving significant nonlinearities of the model. We propose to learn a conditional probability density satisfying these desired properties for the given training data set. To do this, we formulate a novel regression problem that finds a function approximating the target density. Learning the regressor is challenging due to the high dimensionality of model parameters, C, and the complexity of relating the image and the model. Our approach makes two contributions. First, we take a multilevel refinement approach by learning a series of density functions, each of which guides the solution of optimization algorithms increasingly converging to the correct solution. Second, we propose a new data sampling algorithm that takes into account the gradient information of the target function. We have applied this learning approach to deformable shape segmentation and have achieved better accuracy than the previous methods.
SYNTHESIS OF IMIDAZO[2,1-b][1,3,4]THIADIAZOLE DERIVATIVES AS POSSIBLE BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE AGENTS. (2016)

A series of 2-(4-methylbenzyl)-5,6-substituted-imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole derivatives were synthesized, characterized and evaluated for antiproliferative activity and cancer chemopreventive activity. Results showed that molecules with formyl and thiocyanate substiments at the 5 position exhibited an increase in activity against the full panel of 60 human tumor cell lines at a minimum of five concentrations at 10-fold dilutions. Derivative 22 displayed significant in vino anticancer activity against colon cancer (MID GI₅₀ = 0.75 μM). The cancer chemopreventive effect of 19 (IC₅₀ = 489 nM) was almost equipotent to standard oleanolic acid (IC₅₀ = 449 nM).
The USAF Electric Propulsion Research Program (Postprint) (2000)

An overview of the current electric propulsion research and development efforts within the United States Air Force is presented. The Air Force supports electric propulsion primarily through the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR), the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) and the AFOSR European Office of Aerospace Research and Development (EOARD). Overall direction for the programs comes from Air Force Space Command (AFSPC), with AFRL mission analysis used to define specific technological advances needed to meet the AFSPC mission priorities. AFOSR funds basic research in electric propulsion throughout the country in both academia and industry. The AFRL Propulsion Directorate conducts electric propulsion efforts in basic research, engineering development, and space flight experiments. EOARD supports research at European laboratories that will directly feed into the AFOSR and AFRL research programs. Current research programs are well grouped into three categories defined by the thruster power level. All three agencies are currently focusing their research at the low-power regime, in support of the emerging AF microsatellite missions. Emphasis on research in the mid-power range (500W to 5kW) is diminishing with the near-term conclusion of the 4.5 kW HPHS Hall thruster development program, and the high degree of commercialization in this power range. The high power regime (P&gt;3kW) is realizing increased emphasis through such programs as a collaborative AFRL research effort with industry.
Rejection of Mouse Cardiac Allografts by Costimulation in trans (2001)

The activation of T cells by B7 costimulation in trans has been demonstrated in vitro, but the in vivo relevance is unknown. To study costimulation in trans of CD4(+) T cells in vivo, we performed cardiac transplants from B7-1/B7-2-deficient mice to recipients that do not express MHC class II molecules on peripheral APCs, but do have functional CD4(+) T cells (II(-)/4(+) mice). This model restricts the B7-dependent activation of CD4(+) T cells to costimulation in trans and excludes any contribution from indirect Ag presentation. We find that II(-)/4(+) recipients reject B7-deficient grafts as rapidly as wild-type grafts, suggesting that costimulation in trans can mediate rejection as potently as costimulation in cis. Treatment of II(-)/4(+) recipients of B7-deficient grafts with depleting Abs to CD4 or CD8 demonstrates that indirect Ag presentation to CD8(+) cells does not significantly contribute to rejection. This is the first demonstration that costimulation in trans can mediate an immune response in vivo and has important therapeutic implications.
VISUAL DISTURBANCES OF A DIABETIC (1958)

Sydney, Australia *Submitted on March 12, 1958, for publication in the July, 1958, issue of the American Journal of Optometry and Archives of American Academy of Optometry. †Optometrist. B.Sc. (Opt.Sc.) A.S.T.C., F.I.O. (N.S.W.) ‡Optometrist. B.Sc. (Opt.Sc.) A.S.T.C., F.I.O. (N.S.W.)
On energy efficiency of relay transmissions (2004)

Relay links are expected to play a critical role in the design of wireless networks. In this paper, we investigate the energy efficiency of relay communications under two different scenarios: when the relay has unlimited and when it has limited power supply. Relative merits of these relay schemes in comparison with direct transmissions are discussed.