gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Brain damage from perinatal asphyxia: correlation of MR findings with gestational age. (1991)

MR scans of 25 patients who suffered asphyxia at known gestational ages were reviewed retrospectively. The gestational ages of the patients at the time of asphyxia ranged from 24 to 46 weeks. The MR pattern of brain damage in patients with prolonged partial asphyxia was seen to evolve in a predictable manner corresponding to the known maturation of the brain and its vascular supply. Patients at 24- and 26-weeks gestational age had irregularly enlarged ventricular trigones with minimal periventricular gliosis. Patients at 28-34 weeks had variably dilated ventricles with periventricular gliosis. The 36-week neonate had mild cortical and subcortical atrophy and gliosis superimposed on deep white matter and periventricular gliosis. Term neonates had significant cortical and subcortical gliosis and atrophy in the parasagittal watershed areas. Postterm neonates (44-46 weeks) showed cortical and subcortical watershed gliosis and atrophy with sparing of the immediate periventricular region. Two children suffered cardiocirculatory arrest; their scans revealed a different pattern of brain damage, demonstrating primarily brainstem, thalamic, and basal ganglia involvement. MR appears to be a powerful tool in the assessment of brain damage resulting from perinatal asphyxia that gives important clues to the time and nature of the asphyxia.
Dynamic Time Warping with Boundaries Constraint Relaxation (2005)

Conventional Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) assumes exact knowledge of the boundaries of both reference and test sequences. However, the output of practical end point detectors is inaccurate, especially with noisy input. This results in a severe deterioration of the accuracy of isolated word recognition. This work presents a modified DTW algorithm in which the boundaries constraint is relaxed so as to reflect endpoint detection errors. The effect of this modification on the dynamic programming optimization is analyzed and experimental results axe presented to demonstrate the capability of the algorithm to overcome endpoint errors.
P‐197L: Late‐News Poster : Impacts of Glass Substrate and Frit Properties on Sealing for OLED Lighting (2010)

Abstract Glass frit seal with localized heating using near infrared laser can provide long‐term hermeticity and good mechanical strength for OLEDs. In this report, some general characteristics of the frit sealing process are first discussed. Then the impacts offrit and glass substrate properties, such as CTE and strain points on the seal, will be presented. It is found that CTE of the frit may not match with that of glass substrates used for lighting application. The optimal CTE values of glass substrate for OLED lighting and frit are presented.
Computational linguistics and translation studies (2016)

Translation process research is an active interdisciplinary research area within translation studies attracting translation scholars, computer scientists and the machine learning community alike. Novel data acquisition methods have been developed in recent years leading to large sets of translation process data that is analysed qualitatively as well as quantitatively. What has been anticipated already decades ago, today, computational linguistics methods are instrumental for translation process research and translation studies to enhance machine translation technologies by analysing real human behaviour. Empirical translation process research thus becomes more formalized and interconnected with computational linguistics methods and may potentially give answers to questions raised long time ago. In this chapter we trace the development of computational linguistics and translation process research from this angle and point to developments that we think will further drive this vibrant field of research.
Adaptive-optics optical coherence tomography processing using a graphics processing unit (2014)

Graphics processing units are increasingly being used for scientific computing for their powerful parallel processing abilities, and moderate price compared to super computers and computing grids. In this paper we have used a general purpose graphics processing unit to process adaptive-optics optical coherence tomography (AOOCT) images in real time. Increasing the processing speed of AOOCT is an essential step in moving the super high resolution technology closer to clinical viability.
화학센서 : 후막형 암모니아 가스 센서의 제조 및 가스감응 특성 (1997)

An ammonia gas sensor with high sensitivity using thick-film technology were fabricated and examined. The material for sensing the ammonia gas was the mixture of oxide semiconductor, FeO_x-WO₃-SnO₂. The sensor exhibits resistance increase upon exposure to low concentration of ammonia gas. The resistance of the sensor is decreased, on the other hand, for exposure to reducing gases such as ethyl alcohol, methane, propane and carbon monoxide. A novel method for detecting ammonia gas quite selectively utilizing a sensor array consisting of an ammonia gas sensor and a compensation element were proposed and developed. The compensation element is a Pt-doped WO₃-SnO₂ gas sensor which shows opposite direction of resistance change in comparison with that of the ammonia gas sensor upon exposure to ammonia gas. Excellent selectivity has been achieved using the sensor array having two sensing elements.
Early Use of Iloprost in Nonfreezing Cold Injury (2022)

Nonfreezing cold injury (NFCI) is caused by prolonged exposure to cold, usually wet conditions and represents a separate pathological entity from frostbite. The pathophysiology of NFCI is characterized by vasoconstriction and microcirculatory disturbance. Iloprost, a synthetic prostaglandin analogue with vasodilatory properties is a recognized adjuvant treatment in frostbite; however, its role in NFCI is unclear. We present a case of a 29-y-old man with severe NFCI to both forefeet after prolonged immersion in cold seawater. Initial treatment with passive rewarming, analgesia and aspirin was initiated. Infusion of iloprost was used within 24 h from presentation and was well tolerated. This resulted in reduced tissue loss compared to the apparent tissue damage documented during the initial assessment. Delayed surgical intervention allowed minor debridement and minor toe amputations, maintaining the patient's ability to ambulate. This case demonstrates the safe use of iloprost in acute NFCI and highlights the importance of delayed surgical intervention in patients presenting with severe NFCI.
Submolecular regulation of cell transformation by deuterium depleting water exchange reactions in the tricarboxylic acid substrate cycle (2015)

The naturally occurring isotope of hydrogen ((1)H), deuterium ((2)H), could have an important biological role. Deuterium depleted water delays tumor progression in mice, dogs, cats and humans. Hydratase enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle control cell growth and deplete deuterium from redox cofactors, fatty acids and DNA, which undergo hydride ion and hydrogen atom transfer reactions. A model is proposed that emphasizes the terminal complex of mitochondrial electron transport chain reducing molecular oxygen to deuterium depleted water (DDW); this affects gluconeogenesis as well as fatty acid oxidation. In the former, the DDW is thought to diminish the deuteration of sugar-phosphates in the DNA backbone, helping to preserve stability of hydrogen bond networks, possibly protecting against aneuploidy and resisting strand breaks, occurring upon exposure to radiation and certain anticancer chemotherapeutics. DDW is proposed here to link cancer prevention and treatment using natural ketogenic diets, low deuterium drinking water, as well as DDW production as the mitochondrial downstream mechanism of targeted anti-cancer drugs such as Avastin and Glivec. The role of (2)H in biology is a potential missing link to the elusive cancer puzzle seemingly correlated with cancer epidemiology in western populations as a result of excessive (2)H loading from processed carbohydrate intake in place of natural fat consumption.
Genomic Prediction and Genetic Correlation of Agronomic, Blackleg Disease, and Seed Quality Traits in Canola (Brassica napus L.) (2020)

Genomic selection accelerates genetic progress in crop breeding through the prediction of future phenotypes of selection candidates based on only their genomic information. Here we report genetic correlations and genomic prediction accuracies in 22 agronomic, disease, and seed quality traits measured across multiple years (2015-2017) in replicated trials under rain-fed and irrigated conditions in Victoria, Australia. Two hundred and two spring canola lines were genotyped for 62,082 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) using transcriptomic genotype-by-sequencing (GBSt). Traits were evaluated in single trait and bivariate genomic best linear unbiased prediction (GBLUP) models and cross-validation. GBLUP were also expanded to include genotype-by-environment G × E interactions. Genomic heritability varied from 0.31to 0.66. Genetic correlations were highly positive within traits across locations and years. Oil content was positively correlated with most agronomic traits. Strong, not previously documented, negative correlations were observed between average internal infection (a measure of blackleg disease) and arachidic and stearic acids. The genetic correlations between fatty acid traits followed the expected patterns based on oil biosynthesis pathways. Genomic prediction accuracy ranged from 0.29 for emergence count to 0.69 for seed yield. The incorporation of G × E translates into improved prediction accuracy by up to 6%. The genomic prediction accuracies achieved indicate that genomic selection is ready for application in canola breeding.
Efficiency optimization and analysis of 808nm VCSELs with a full electro-thermal-optical numerical model (2015)

A high electro-optical conversion efficiency of a VCSEL (Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers) is one of the key requirements for their application in high power systems for heating, illumination and pumping applications. The substantial amount of degrees of freedom in the epitaxial and structural design of a VCSEL demands numerical guidance in form of technology computer aided design (TCAD) modeling for a straight forward and successful optimization of the devices. We set up a full electro-thermal optical model for the simulation of VCSEL devices. The electro-thermal part of the simulation follows a drift-diffusion model complemented by a customized, energy resolved, semi-classical carrier capture theory in the QW regions. Optical modes, eigensolutions of the vectorial electromagnetic wave equation, stem from a finite element vectorial solver. The electro-thermal and optical models are linked via the photon-rate equation using QW gain spectra (screened Hartree-Fock approximation) and iterated to self-consistency in a Gummel-type iteration scheme. For comparison and calibration, experimental reference data was extracted from oxide-confined, top-emitting VCSEL devices with an emission wavelength of 808 nm. Our simulations are in good agreement with the electro-optical characteristics of the experimental reference. With the calibrated, microscopic model, routes of design adjustment for efficiency optimization are explored. Exemplarily, the maximum VCSEL efficiency of the simulated reference design increases by 10% (absolute) when free hole absorption is switched off. Accordingly, with the combination of an electro-thermal and optical description, a balancing of the tradeoffs of pDBR doping towards reduced free carrier absorption results in a noteworthy efficiency improvement which is validated with experimental data.
On the Self-Similarity of Natural Stochastic Textures (2019)

Self-similarity is the essence of fractal images and, as such, characterizes natural stochastic textures. This paper is concerned with the property of self-similarity in the statistical sense in the case of fully-textured images that contain both stochastic texture and structural (mostly deterministic) information. We firstly decompose a textured image into two layers corresponding to its texture and structure, and show that the layer representing the stochastic texture is characterized by random phase of uniform distribution, unlike the phase of the structured information which is coherent. The uniform distribution of the the random phase is verified by using a suitable hypothesis testing framework. We proceed by proposing two approaches to assessment of self-similarity. The first is based on patch-wise calculation of the mutual information, while the second measures the mutual information that exists across scales. Quantifying the extent of self-similarity by means of mutual information is of paramount importance in the analysis of natural stochastic textures that are encountered in medical imaging, geology, agriculture and in computer vision algorithms that are designed for application on fully-textures images.
198. Adeno-Associated Viral Gene Therapy To Treat Niemann-Pick Disease, Type C1 (2015)

Niemann-Pick disease, type C1 disease (NPC1) is a heritable lysosomal storage disease characterized by a progressive neurological degeneration that causes disability and premature death. NPC1 commonly manifests in childhood, and there are no approved treatments to delay, stop, or reverse the fatal neurodegeneration that is the hallmark of this disorder. New therapies for patients with NPC1 need to be developed. Defects in the NPC1 gene are the cause of this disease. A murine model of NPC1, Npcnih (also called BALB/(cNctr-Npc1m1N/J), arising from a spontaneous frame-shift mutation in the Npc1 gene has been described. Npcnih homozygotes (Npc1−/-) have an early, severe, and rapidly progressing disease, which is characterized by weight loss, ataxia, and lethality by 9 weeks of age. To test the potential efficacy of gene therapy with the goal of developing a new treatment for NPC patients, we constructed an adeno-associated virus (AAV) serotype 9 to deliver the human NPC1 gene under the transcriptional control of the neuronal-specific promoter, mouse calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII). Npc1−/- mice received 1×1012 GC of AAV9-CaMKII-NPC1 or an equivalent reporter control, AAV9-CaMKII-GFP, between 20 and 25 days of life delivered by retro-orbital injection. To achieve neuronal transduction, we relied upon the well-established property of AAV9 vectors to cross the blood-brain barrier and transduce neurons after systemic delivery. Relative to the untreated or AAV-GFP treated Npc1−/- mice (n=15, mean survival 66 days, SD=0.89), the Npc1−/- mice that received AAV9-CaMKII-NPC1 exhibited an increased life span (n=9, mean survival 105 days, SD=30; P<0.02) Although the AAV9-CaMKII-NPC1 treated Npc1−/- mice did not achieve a normal life expectancy or the same weight of wild-type mice, our results demonstrate, for the first time, the potential efficacy of systemic AAV gene therapy as a therapeutic option in patients with NPC1.
CTRL-Labs (2018)

CTRL-Labs has developed algorithms for determination of hand movements and forces and real-time control from neuromuscular signals. This technology enables users to create their own control schemes at run-time -- dynamically mapping neuromuscular activity to continuous (real-valued) and discrete (categorical/integer-valued) machine-input signals. To demonstrate the potential of this approach to enable novel interactions, we have built three example applications. One displays an ongoing visualization of the current posture/rotation of the hand and each finger as determined from neuromuscular signals. The other two showcase dynamic mapping of neuromuscular signals to continuous and discrete input controls for a two-player competitive target acquisition game and a single-player space shooter game.
SocialOcean: Visual Analysis and Characterization of Social Media Bubbles (2018)

Social media allows citizens, corporations, and authorities to create, post, and exchange information. The study of its dynamics will enable analysts to understand user activities and social group characteristics such as connectedness, geospatial distribution, and temporal behavior. In this context, social media bubbles can be defined as social groups that exhibit certain biases in social media. These biases strongly depend on the dimensions selected in the analysis, for example, topic affinity, credibility, sentiment, and geographic distribution. In this paper, we present SocialOcean, a visual analytics system that allows for the investigation of social media bubbles. There exists a large body of research in social sciences which identifies important dimensions of social media bubbles (SMBs). While such dimensions have been studied separately, and also some of them in combination, it is still an open question which dimensions play the most important role in defining SMBs. Since the concept of SMBs is fairly recent, there are many unknowns regarding their characterization. We investigate the thematic and spatiotemporal characteristics of SMBs and present a visual analytics system to address questions such as: What are the most important dimensions that characterize SMBs? and How SMBs embody in the presence of specific events that resonate with them? We illustrate our approach using three different real scenarios related to the single event of Boston Marathon Bombing, and political news about Global Warming. We perform an expert evaluation, analyze the experts' feedback, and present the lessons learned.
Substantiation of numerical analysis methodology for CPU package with non-uniform heat dissipation and heat sink with simplified fin modeling (2004)

Thermal design in electronic packaging is driven by the maximum allowable junction temperature of a CPU. An inadequate thermal design that underestimates the junction temperature may adversely impact the electrical performance of the CPU, making predicting the junction temperature a crucial step in package and system thermal design. A numerical model of a heat sink and thermal test package with a uniform and non-uniform power dissipation was created and used to predict their temperatures. The uniform power dissipation case was used to calibrate the numerical model's TIM2 thermal impedance. In the non-uniform power cases, the maximum heat flux was over four times higher than the average heat flux. The numerical analysis results in the non-uniform power cases yielded junction temperatures within 2 degrees of the measured values. The heat sink used in the tests as well as numerically modeled contained a vapor chamber base and a plate heat sink. Three different heat sink modeling approaches were used, including: detailed modeling of the heat sink, effective convection coefficient heff, and effective thermal conductivity keff. Test data was used to establish the effective heat transfer coefficient and effective thermal conductivity. A simplified heat sink numerical model allows the computational grid density to be significantly reduced, resulting in fast convergence. Alternate heat sink designs were also considered.
Damping of a moving particle near a wall: A relativistic approach (2001)

The movement of a small particle near a wall, characterized by any dielectric function, was considered on the basis of relativistic and fluctuating electrodynamics. A friction coefficient, due to the dissipation of the energy of the relative motion originating from thermal fluctuating electromagnetic fields, was obtained as a power series of the inverse shortest distance between interacting bodies. Possible manifestations of image enhancement effects in damping, leading to giant Raman scattering, are discussed.
New inhaled JAK inhibitor LAS194046 inhibits allergen-induced airway inflammation in Brown Norway rats (2014)

Introduction : Janus kinase (JAK) is an emerging target for the treatment of asthma and COPD. We have identified a potent and selective pan-JAK inhibitor with excellent lung retention by inhaled administration. Aim : To describe the efficacy of the new JAK inhibitor LAS194046 in a model of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced airway inflammation in Brown Norway rats by inhaled administration. Methods : Plasma and lung concentrations of LAS194046 were measured after intratracheal (i.t.) administration in Wistar rats. In OVA-sensitized Brown Norway rats, LAS194046 was administered by aerosol 1 h prior to the OVA challenge. BAL and lung tissue were obtained 24 h post challenge. Total and differential BAL cells counting was performed by Sysmex. Cytokines in BAL were measured by Luminex technology. Phosphorylated STAT3 (pSTAT3 Y701) was assessed in lungs by ELISA and IHC. Results : Sustained lung levels were observed whereas plasma levels dropped very fast after i.t. administration. In the OVA model, aerosolized JAK inhibitor A dose-dependently inhibited eosinophil and neutrophil counts as well as IL-6, MIP1α, MCP1 and IL1-β levels in BAL. In lung tissue, the compound inhibited OVA-induced pSTAT3 in bronchial epithelium, vascular smooth muscle and parenchyma. Alveolar inflammation, alveolar hemorrhages and interstitial edema were also reduced. Conclusions : LAS194046 by inhaled route is efficacious at reducing airway inflammation and pSTAT3 in lung. These findings confirm that JAK is involved in allergen-induced inflammation and suggest that JAK inhibition by inhaled route might be a potential therapeutic option for asthma treatment.
Using classification as a programming language (1993)

Our experience in the IDAS natural language generation project has shown us that IDAS'S KLONE-like classifier, originally built solely to hold a domain knowledge base, could also be used to perform many of the computations required by a natural-language generation system; in fact it seems possible to use the classifier to encode and execute arbitrary programs. We discuss IDAS'S classification system and how it differs from other such systems (perhaps most notably in the presence of template' constructs that enable recursion to be encoded); give examples of program fragments encoded in the classification system; and compare the classification approach to other AI programming paradigms (e.g., logic programming).
Longitudinal analysis of T cell receptor repertoires shaped by repeated exposure to SARS-CoV-2 Spike reveals CD8 mRNA vaccination-associated boosts and HLA-associated CDR3 motifs (2022)

<strong>T cells are required for effective vaccination and resolution of many infections. CD4 and CD8 T cell receptors (TCRs) are hypervariable molecules capable of recognizing viral peptides presented by polymorphic human leukocyte antigens (HLAs). To understand how exposure to the mRNA-vectored SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) immunogen affects the TCR repertoires of individuals with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, we combined bulk longitudinal T cell repertoire sequencing with activation induced marker sorting and single cell TCR sequencing (AIM-scTCRseq) for identification of S-reactive T cell clonotypes without prior knowledge of peptide-HLA. We utilized TCR sequence alignment algorithms to find public TCR motifs and predict presentation by specific HLA allelic variants. Quantitative longitudinal tracking of candidate S-reactive receptors showed that successive mRNA vaccinations both recalled post-infection memory T cells and expanded antigen-specific clonotypes previously unseen in the circulating repertoire. Recruitment and expansion of novel receptors by mRNA vaccination was most strongly observed for CD8 T cells. Clustering of S-specific TCR clonotypes recovered by AIM-scTCRseq identified both previously documented and novel candidate public S-reactive TCR motifs, allowing unbiased assessment of the focus of the vaccine response . In the context of hybrid immunity to SARS-CoV-2, the breadth and magnitude of T cell response to vaccination are more heterogeneous than measurable antibody response. The spectrum of CD8 T cell expansion provoked by mRNA vaccination may contribute to variability in protection from severe disease observed for SARS-CoV-2 variants, despite viral evolution leading to considerable escape from neutralizing antibodies elicited by prior infection and vaccination.</strong>