gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
All-Optical Fourier-Domain-Compressed Time-Stretch Imaging with Low-Pass Filtering (2023)

Optical time-stretch (OTS) imaging has shown significant advantages in many applications, such as high-throughput cell screening, for its high frame rate and the capability of continuous image acquisition. Unfortunately, its application in practice is fundamentally limited by the pressure on data transmission and storage caused by the extreme throughput. Compressed sensing (CS) has been considered a promising approach to solve this problem by recovering the signal at a sampling rate significantly lower than the Nyquist sampling rate. However, the temporal stretch and compression processes, which are currently realized with two sections of dispersive media with complementary GVD, make the system complex and introduce notable power loss to the system, leading to a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this work, we propose and demonstrate all-optical Fourier-domain-compressed time-stretch imaging with low-pass filtering. Only one section of dispersive media is needed to temporal stretch the pulse, while the compression of the stretched pulses is achieved with low-pass-filtering after optical-electrical conversion. Therefore, the structure of the system is notably simplified, and the SNR or the quality of the images can be improved. The principle of this method is theoretically analyzed, and its performance is experimentally demonstrated. The results show that our system can image flowing cells at a high flowing speed of 1 m/s, with a spatial resolution of 2.19 μm on condition that the original data are compressed by 80%. Our method can boost the application of OTS imaging in the fields where high-throughput and real-time imaging is required.
Multipath interference detection in optical links by use of digital signal processing (2004)

Feature Issue on Optical Performance Monitoring (OPM). We present techniques based on digital signal processing for detecting and measuring multipath interference (MPI) in a given optical link.Please provide complete mailing addresses for each affiliation.
Human KIT+ myeloid cells facilitate visceral metastasis by melanoma (2021)

Metastasis of melanoma significantly worsens prognosis; thus, therapeutic interventions that prevent metastasis could improve patient outcomes. Here, we show using humanized mice that colonization of distant visceral organs with melanoma is dependent upon a human CD33+CD11b+CD117+ progenitor cell subset comprising <4% of the human CD45+ leukocytes. Metastatic tumor-infiltrating CD33+ cells from patients and humanized (h)NSG-SGM3 mice showed converging transcriptional profiles. Single-cell RNA-seq analysis identified a gene signature of a KIT/CD117-expressing CD33+ subset that correlated with decreased overall survival in a TCGA melanoma cohort. Thus, human CD33+CD11b+CD117+ myeloid cells represent a novel candidate biomarker as well as a therapeutic target for metastatic melanoma.
Influence of surface traction on soft robot undulation (2013)

A pneumatically-driven robot traverses surfaces with different traction by adopting an undulatory mode of locomotion. The robot is composed of soft elastomer (elastic modulus ~100 kPa), an inextensible but flexible neutral plane, and embedded pneumatic channels. In contrast to conventional robots and wheeled vehicles, the robot deforms elastically to make ground contact over a relatively large area, where interfacial tractions have a unique role in controlling both the speed and direction of locomotion. Here, we demonstrate that for the same undulatory gait, the robot will either move forward or backward depending on the ground composition. Building on mathematical principles of elasticity and friction, we introduce a theoretical model that identifies the tribological properties that determine the direction of locomotion. Though overlooked in the past, this tribology-controlled phenomenon represents a central feature of undulation on smooth, soft, and slippery surfaces. These insights provide a starting point for identifying locomotion strategies that allow soft robots, like their natural invertebrate counterparts, to navigate a broad range of surfaces and terrains.
Non-Fusion Surgical Correction of Thoracic Idiopathic Scoliosis Using a Novel, Braided Vertebral Body Tethering Device (2019)

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
High-performance InGaAs-GaAs-AlGaAs broad-area diode lasers with impurity-free intermixed active region (2003)

Broad-area InGaAs-GaAs-AlGaAs double-quantum-well graded-index separate-confinement heterostructure lasers with as-grown and intermixed active regions were fabricated and characterized. An impurity-free vacancy diffusion method was used to intermix the quantum wells. Light-current characteristics of both types of lasers were used to extract information about the effects of intermixing process on threshold current density, internal optical loss, internal quantum efficiency, material gain, etc. Comparison between these parameters indicates comparable device performance, even though intermixing involved annealing at 1000°C which resulted in a 42-nm wavelength blueshift.
Surgical Technique: A Simple Soft-tissue-only Repair of the Capsule and External Rotators in Posterior-approach THA (2011)

Level IV, therapeutic study. See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Simultaneous mapping of EMCD signals and crystal orientations in a transmission electron microscope (2021)

When magnetic properties are analysed in a transmission electron microscope using the technique of electron magnetic circular dichroism (EMCD), one of the critical parameters is the sample orientation. Since small orientation changes can have a strong impact on the measurement of the EMCD signal and such measurements need two separate measurements of conjugate EELS spectra, it is experimentally non-trivial to measure the EMCD signal as a function of sample orientation. Here, we have developed a methodology to simultaneously map the quantitative EMCD signals and the local orientation of the crystal. We analyse, both experimentally and by simulations, how the measured magnetic signals evolve with a change in the crystal tilt. Based on this analysis, we establish an accurate relationship between the crystal orientations and the EMCD signals. Our results demonstrate that a small variation in crystal tilt can significantly alter the strength of the EMCD signal. From an optimisation of the crystal orientation, we obtain quantitative EMCD measurements.
Detecting Spying Drones (2020)

We suggest a method to determine whether a passing drone is used for spying or not. It can be used to detect spying drones when the victim is in a house or driving a car.
Thermo- and photochromic dyes: indolino-benzospiropyrans. Part 1. UV–VIS spectroscopic studies of 1,3,3-spiro(2H-1-benzopyran-2,2′-indolines) and the open-chain merocyanine forms; solvatochromism and medium effects on spiro ring formation (1991)

A kinetic and ultraviolet–visible study of a series of thermo- and photochromic dyes is reported. Ultraviolet irradiation of the indolino-benzospiropyran derivatives 1′–4′ leads to their transformation to the open-chain, colored merocyanine forms, which undergo thermal ring closure into the colorless spiro forms. The rate of this ring closure has been determined in different solvents. Plots of log (rate) vs. the solvent parameter E T are linear but are dependent on the nature of the substituent in the phenyl moiety, which yields information on the electronic character of the ground state (IIa↔IIb) and the transition state. The ring-closure process is characterized by a zwitterionic type transition state, TS 3 . The merocyanine dyes exhibit a significant solvatochromic effect, which unexpectedly shows sensitivity to substituents on the phenyl group. This observation finds explanation through semi-empirical molecular orbital (MOPAC) calculations. The MOPAC calculations also predict that the most stable configurational isomer of the merocyanines is the CTTC form. Key words: indolino-benzospiropyran–merocyanine interconversion, photochromic–solvatochromic dyes.
Smooth blending of two inks of similar hue to simulate one ink (2005)

The use of four process inks (CMYK) is common practice in the graphic arts, and provides the foundation for many output device technologies. In commercial applications the number of inks are sometimes extended beyond the process inks depending on the customers’ requirements, and cost constraints. In inkjet printing extra inks have been used to both extend the color gamut, and/or improve the image quality in the highlight regions by using "light" inks. The addition of "light" inks are sometimes treated as an extension of the existing Cyan or Magenta inks, with the Cyan tone scale smoothly transitioning from the light to the dark ink as the required density increases, or are sometimes treated independently. If one is to treat the light ink as an extension of the dark ink, a simple blend can work well where the light and dark inks fall at the same hue angle, but will exhibit problems if the light and dark inks hues deviate significantly. The method documented in this paper addresses the problem where the hues of the light and dark inks are significantly different. An ink interaction model is built for the light and dark inks, then a composite primary is constructed that smoothly transitions from the light ink to dark ink, preventing the blended ink from over inking, while ensuring a smooth transition in lightness, chroma, and hue. The method was developed and tested on an XES (Xerox Engineering Systems) ColorGraphx X2 printer, on multiple substrates, and found to provide superior results to the alternative linear blending techniques.
The miR200 Family of MicroRNAs Regulates WAVE3-dependent Cancer Cell Invasion (2009)

MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that are directly involved in the regulation of gene expression by either translational repression or degradation of target mRNAs. Because of the high level of conservation of the target motifs, known as seed sequences, within the 3'-untranslated regions, a single microRNA can regulate numerous target genes simultaneously, making this class of RNAs a powerful regulator of gene expression. The miR200 family of microRNAs has recently been shown to regulate the process of epithelial to mesenchymal transition during tumor progression and metastasis. Here, we report that the expression of WAVE3, an actin cytoskeleton remodeling and metastasis promoter protein, is regulated by miR200 microRNAs. We show a clear inverse correlation between expression levels of WAVE3 and miR200 microRNAs in invasive versus non-invasive cancer cells. miR200 directly targets the 3'-untranslated regions of the WAVE3 mRNA and inhibits its expression. The miR200-mediated down-regulation of WAVE3 results in a significant reduction in the invasive phenotype of cancer cells, which is specific to the loss of WAVE3 expression. Re-expression of a miR200-resistant WAVE3 reverses miR200-mediated inhibition of cancer cell invasion. Loss of WAVE3 expression downstream of miR200 also results in a dramatic change in cell morphology resembling that of a mesenchymal to epithelial transition. In conclusion, a novel mechanism for the regulation of WAVE3 expression in cancer cells has been identified, which controls the invasive properties and morphology of cancer cells associated with their metastatic potential.
Simultaneous Measurement of Amyloid Fibril Formation by Dynamic Light Scattering and Fluorescence Reveals Complex Aggregation Kinetics (2013)

An apparatus that combines dynamic light scattering and Thioflavin T fluorescence detection is used to simultaneously probe fibril formation in polyglutamine peptides, the aggregating subunit associated with Huntington's disease, in vitro. Huntington's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder in a class of human pathologies that includes Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. These pathologies are all related by the propensity of their associated protein or polypeptide to form insoluble, β-sheet rich, amyloid fibrils. Despite the wide range of amino acid sequence in the aggregation prone polypeptides associated with these diseases, the resulting amyloids display strikingly similar physical structure, an observation which suggests a physical basis for amyloid fibril formation. Thioflavin T fluorescence reports β-sheet fibril content while dynamic light scattering measures particle size distributions. The combined techniques allow elucidation of complex aggregation kinetics and are used to reveal multiple stages of amyloid fibril formation.
Modulation of B-cell receptor and microenvironment signaling by a guanine exchange factor in B-cell malignancies (2016)

This GEF protein sensitizes B-cells to BCR and chemokine mediated signaling and also upregulates a number of other signaling pathways which promotes growth and survival of these cells.
Measurement of Head-Related Transfer Functions: A Review (2020)

A head-related transfer function (HRTF) describes an acoustic transfer function between a point sound source in the free-field and a defined position in the listener’s ear canal, and plays an essential role in creating immersive virtual acoustic environments (VAEs) reproduced over headphones or loudspeakers. HRTFs are highly individual, and depend on directions and distances (near-field HRTFs). However, the measurement of high-density HRTF datasets is usually time-consuming, especially for human subjects. Over the years, various novel measurement setups and methods have been proposed for the fast acquisition of individual HRTFs while maintaining high measurement accuracy. This review paper provides an overview of various HRTF measurement systems and some insights into trends in individual HRTF measurements.
Model Predictive Direct Slope Control for Power Converters (2016)

Model predictive control (MPC) schemes have become popular in the field of power electronics due to their intuitive formulation, flexibility, and ease of implementation. Typically, these schemes have been implemented with the prediction horizon limited to one time-step, and extension of the prediction horizon over multiple time-steps remains an ongoing area of research. In this paper, a variant of the MPC strategy is proposed wherein the slope of the output trajectories is used to emulate long prediction horizons. Each of the outputs, e.g., current, voltage, torque, or flux, is regulated within a set of symmetrical bounds. When switching is necessitated due to collision with a bound, the switching state that yields the set of output trajectories with the minimum slope, relative to the reference trajectory, is applied to the converter. The key benefit of this approach is its ability to achieve low switching frequencies with a minimal level of computational burden. The feasibility of the scheme, which can be adapted easily to different case studies, is demonstrated through simulations of both a medium-voltage induction machine drive and a grid-connected converter. Experimental results, which are presented for a 1.68 kVA prototype grid-connected neutral-point-clamped converter, further demonstrate the practical viability of the proposed strategy.
Contribution of the hydrophobic effect to protein stability: analysis based on simulations of the Ile-96----Ala mutation in barnase. (1991)

Molecular dynamics simulations have been used to compute the difference in the unfolding free energy between wild-type barnase and the mutant in which Ile-96 is replaced by alanine. The simulations yield results (-3.42 and -5.21 kcal/mol) that compare favorably with experimental values (-3.3 and -4.0 kcal/mol). The major contributions to the free energy difference arise from bonding terms involving degrees of freedom of the mutated side chain and from nonbonded interactions of that side chain with its environment in the folded protein. By comparison with simulations of an extended peptide in the absence of solvent, used as a reference state, hydration effects are shown to play a minor role in the overall free energy balance for the Ile----Ala transformation. The implications of these results for our understanding of the hydrophobic effect and its contribution to protein stability are discussed.
Stability of polymer-dielectric bi-layers for athermal silicon photonics (2012)

Temperature sensitivity of Si based rings can be nullified by the use of polymer over-cladding. Integration of athermal passive rings in an electronic-photonic architecture requires the possibility of multi-layer depositions with patterned structures. This requires establishing UV, thermal and plasma stability of the polymer during multi-layer stacking. UV stability is enhanced by UV curing to saturation levels. However, thermal stability is limited by the decomposition temperature of the polymer. Further, robust performance in oxidizing atmosphere and plasma exposure requires a SiO(2)/SiN(x) based dielectric coatings on the polymer. This communication uses a low temperature (130°C) High Density Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition (HDPCVD) for dielectric encapsulation of polymer cladded Si rings to make them suitable for device layer deposition. UV induced cross-linking and annealing under vacuum make polymer robust and stable for Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR)-PECVD deposition of 500nm SiO(2)/SiN(x). The thermo-optic (TO) properties of the polymer cladded athermal rings do not change after dielectric cap deposition opening up possibilities of device deposition on top of the passive athermal rings. Back-end CMOS compatibility requires polymer materials with high decomposition temperature (> 400°C) that have low TO coefficients. This encourages the use of SiN(x) core waveguides in the back-end architecture for athermal applications.
Molecular-dynamics study of cluster growth by cluster-cluster collisions (1992)

The formation of silicon clusters from cluster-cluster collisions at 2400 K is followed in time using molecular dynamics. It is found that during the first picosecond after collision, the clusters tend to agglomerate forming an intermediate complex in which the individuality of the original clusters is kept. However, during the following few picoseconds, atoms in the newly united cluster are highly mobile and agglomeration is lost. New clusters are hotter and with time they evaporate single atoms. This irreversible process by which the cluster accommodates the collision energy was studied as a function of the energy and the impact parameter. On average, the sticking coefficient is 1.
Peptides from the Bursa of Fabricius Associated with Suppression of Mitogen Stimulated DNA - Synthesis in Bursa of Fabricius Cells Belong to Intracellular Proteins (2008)

Previous reports from our laboratory have demonstrated that an reverse phase HPLC (rpHPLC) fraction obtained from extracts of the chicken bursa of Fabricius posses both in vitro anti-steroidogenic activity on avian and mammalian cells and suppression on mitogen stimulated DNA-synthesis in chicken BF cells. Utilizing YM cut-off membranes the bioactive fraction appears to be between ~3-5kDa. However, the identity of such peptide (s) remains unknown. Here, subjected those peptides for mass spectrometric (MS) nano-electrospray quadruple time-of-flight (Q-TOF) MS/MS analysis in an effort to elucidate the composition of predominant fragments. The results of these analyses indicate the presence of small fragments of the non-histone chromosomal protein high mobility group (HMG), nucleophosmin, elongation factor 1-alpha, thymosin $4 (T$4), thymosin $, stathmin and histone H1.10. These results indicate that the suppression present in the rpHPLC fraction obtained from the BF, rather than been recognized extracellular messengers, like hormones or cytokines, contains intracellular molecules.
Physics-based revocable face recognition (2008)

We present a face reconstruction approach for revocable face matching. The proposed approach generates photometrically valid cancelable face images by following the image formation process. Given a face image, the approach estimates facial albedo followed by a subject-specific key based photometric deformation to generate a cancelable face image. The proposed approach allows for using any available face matcher to perform verification or recognition in the transformed domain, a capability missing from most existing works on cancelable face matching. Experiments are performed to evaluate the performance, privacy and cancelable aspects of the face images reconstructed using the approach. Results obtained are very promising and make a strong case for such backward compatible cancelable face representations that can seamlessly make use of advancements in automatic face recognition research.
The predominance of Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) circulating recombinant form 02 (CRF02_AG) in West Central Africa may be related to its replicative fitness (2006)

We observed a higher ex vivo replicative fitness of CRF02_AG isolates compared to subtype A and G viruses from the same geographic region and showed that this was independent of the co-receptor tropism and irrespective of high or low CD4+ T cell count. This advantage in replicative fitness may contribute to the dominant spread of CRF02_AG over A and G subtypes in West and West Central Africa.
Discovery of GDC-0077 (Inavolisib), a Highly Selective Inhibitor and Degrader of Mutant PI3Kα (2022)

Small molecule inhibitors that target the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway have received significant interest for the treatment of cancers. The class I isoform PI3Kα is most commonly associated with solid tumors via gene amplification or activating mutations. However, inhibitors demonstrating both PI3K isoform and mutant specificity have remained elusive. Herein, we describe the optimization and characterization of a series of benzoxazepin-oxazolidinone ATP-competitive inhibitors of PI3Kα which also induce the selective degradation of the mutant p110α protein, the catalytic subunit of PI3Kα. Structure-based design informed isoform-specific interactions within the binding site, leading to potent inhibitors with greater than 300-fold selectivity over the other Class I PI3K isoforms. Further optimization of pharmacokinetic properties led to excellent in vivo exposure and efficacy and the identification of clinical candidate GDC-0077 (inavolisib, <b>32</b>), which is now under evaluation in a Phase III clinical trial as a treatment for patients with <i>PIK3CA</i>-mutant breast cancer.