gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Approach to readout aperture control for magnetic super-resolution readout (1999)

An approach of readout aperture control for magnetic super-resolution (MSR) readout is described. In order to detect the size of a readout aperture generated by a focused laser beam on an MSR disk, a new mark pattern consisting of short and long marks was recorded. An amplitude ratio of the readout signals between the short and the long marks is proportional to the aperture size. By maintaining the ratio constant by adjusting the laser power, the aperture size can be fixed. This technique makes it possible to reproduce data with a low bit error rate (BER). The sensitivity of the ratio to the readout power deviation and the distribution of the ratio were evaluated in order to estimate the accuracy of the readout power control. This technique is also applicable to readout when the disk is tilted. When the aperture size was maintained by this method, BER was found to be substantially reduced. Consequently, this new technique can realize high density recording on the MSR disk. This is the first approach to readout aperture control based on controlling the laser power.
ABSCISIC ACID AND WATER RELATIONS MODELS OF SEED GERMINATION. (1990)

Cell growth models were applied to characterize the response of seed germination, based upon the timing of radicle emergence, to y and ABA. Using probit analysis, three basic parameters can be derived to describe the population characteristics of seed lots. In the response of seed germination to osmotic stress, these three parameters are the “hydrotime constant” (q H ) , the mean base water potential (y b ) , and the standard deviation (s b ) population. In the response to ABA, they are the “ABA-time constant” (q ABA ), the mean base ABA concentration (ABA b ), and the standard deviation (s ABAb ) of the seed population. Using only these three parameters, germination time courses can be predicted at any corresponding medium y or ABA concentration. In the presence of both ABA and osmotic stress, the same parameters can be used to predict seed germination time courses with any combination of y and ABA concentration. The water relations model and the ABA model were additive and it appeared that the two factors slowed down germination independently. Effects of osmotic stress and ABA on the parameters in Lockhart equation are also discussed.
[18F](2 S ,4 R )4-Fluoroglutamine PET Detects Glutamine Pool Size Changes in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer in Response to Glutaminase Inhibition (2017)

Glutaminolysis is a metabolic pathway adapted by many aggressive cancers, including triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC), to utilize glutamine for survival and growth. In this study, we examined the utility of [<sup>18</sup>F](2S,4R)4-fluoroglutamine ([<sup>18</sup>F]4F-Gln) PET to measure tumor cellular glutamine pool size, whose change might reveal the pharmacodynamic (PD) effect of drugs targeting this cancer-specific metabolic pathway. High glutaminase (GLS) activity in TNBC tumors resulted in low cellular glutamine pool size assayed via high-resolution <sup>1</sup>H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). GLS inhibition significantly increased glutamine pool size in TNBC tumors. MCF-7 tumors, with inherently low GLS activity compared with TNBC, displayed a larger baseline glutamine pool size that did not change as much in response to GLS inhibition. The tumor-to-blood-activity ratios (T/B) obtained from [<sup>18</sup>F]4F-Gln PET images matched the distinct glutamine pool sizes of both tumor models at baseline. After a short course of GLS inhibitor treatment, the T/B values increased significantly in TNBC, but did not change in MCF-7 tumors. Across both tumor types and after GLS inhibitor or vehicle treatment, we observed a strong positive correlation between T/B values and tumor glutamine pool size measured using MRS (<i>r</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.71). In conclusion, [<sup>18</sup>F]4F-Gln PET tracked cellular glutamine pool size in breast cancers with differential GLS activity and detected increases in cellular glutamine pool size induced by GLS inhibitors. This study accomplished the first necessary step toward validating [<sup>18</sup>F]4F-Gln PET as a PD marker for GLS-targeting drugs. <i>Cancer Res; 77(6); 1476-84. ©2017 AACR</i>.
THE REACTION OF POLYISOPRENE WITH TITANIUM TETRACHLORIDE (1963)

The reaction of titanium tetrachloride with hevea, balata, and synthetic cis-polyisoprene in benzene at 80 °C has been studied. The most prominent change in the infrared spectra of these polymers is the nearly total disappearance of the 12 μ band after prolonged reaction with TiCl 4 . The diminution of this band, associated with the loss of the original —C(CH 3 )=CH— units, whether cis or trans, followed pseudo-first-order kinetics, the rate varying with [TiCl 4 ] n , where n is 1.0 in the case of the cis polymers and 1.5 in the case of the trans polymer. Contrary to previous reports, practically no cis–trans isomerization of polyisoprene occurs in the course of this reaction, the data being explained entirely by cyclization. With the help of cis-1,4 polymers of isoprene-3-d and 2-methyl-d 3 -1,3-butadiene-1,1-d 2 , it was concluded that cyclization, involving a TiCl 4 -induced carbonium ion mechanism, leads to the formation of six-membered rings fused into predominantly bicyclic structures, connected by methylene groups and/or uncyclized monomer units. Each of the fused ring structures contains a single tetra-, tri-, or di-substituted double bond, the relative amounts of which are in the order tetra- &gt; tri- &gt; di-substituted.
Agricultural insurance: A Powerful Tool for Governments and Farmers (2008)

A gricultural insurance, which provides indemnification for economic loss resulting from damage to or loss of crops and animals in the event of adverse natural and other phenomena, is a subject of great urgency that must be addressed by ministers of production and finance.This article focuses on agricultural insurance throughout the hemisphere and on how it contributes to reducing poverty and helps rural farmers recover more quickly from such phenomena.
Insulin Augmentation of Testosterone Production in a Primary Culture of Rat Testicular Cells1 (1982)

The direct effects of insulin on basal and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)-stimulated accumulation of testosterone were investigated in vitro using a primary culture system of rat testicular cells from adult hypophysectomized male rats. The basal accumulation of testosterone was low throughout the 10-day incubation period. Treatment of testicular cells with insulin (10 micrograms/ml) by itself was without effect on the basal accumulation of testosterone, while treatment with increasing concentrations (0.1--10 ng/ml) of hCG resulted in dose-dependent increases in the accumulation of testosterone. Furthermore, concomitant treatment with increasing concentrations (0.01--10 micrograms/ml) of insulin led to a dose-dependent augmentation (up to 116% on Day 10) in the hCG-stimulated accumulation of testosterone, as well as a 1.6-fold increase in the testicular responsiveness to hCG. In contrast, treatment with desoctapeptide insulin (10 micrograms/ml), a trypsin degraded insulin, was without effect on the hCG-stimulated accumulation of testosterone. Increasing duration (12--72 h) of treatment with insulin resulted in time-dependent increases in the hCG-stimulated accumulation of testosterone achieving statistical significance (P less than 0.05) by 36 h. In addition, pretreatment with insulin (10 micrograms/ml) brought about significant (P less than 0.01) increases in the choleragen and Bt2cAMP-stimulated accumulation of testosterone. The augmenting effect of insulin was equally effective upon culturing in a glucose-free medium and was not associated with significant alterations in testicular cell number or cellular DNA or protein content. It is concluded that diminished testicular steroidogenesis in the diabetic rats may represent, at least in part, a direct consequence of insulin deficiency at the testicular level and that insulin may play an important role in the augmentation of testicular androgen production.
Full-scale testing and analytical validation of an aspirating face seal (1996)

The replacement of labyrinth seals with aspirating face seals can significantly reduce leakage and improve engine efficiency. An aspirating face seal is a hydrostatic gas bearing seal with a spring loaded mechanism to withdraw the seal from the rotor at low operating pressures. A 36 aspirating face seal has been designed to fit in a GE90 engine. The seal has been fabricated and is being tested in a rig with specific features intended to represent typical engine conditions including air temperature and pressure, rotor speed, maneuver-induced tilt, rotor runout and relative axial motion. Analytical models representing the seal have been developed. A subscale model of the seal has been tested for the effects of dust ingestion. Results to date show very good leakage performance, good tracking capability and a design rugged enough to survive very severe dust ingestion without damage. This paper covers four areas: the design of the 36 aspirating face seal, full scale testing for sealing and dynamic tracking, validation of analytical design techniques through test results, and the evaluation of dust ingestion on seal performance.
Supplementary Table S2 from Intrinsic Immunogenicity of Small Cell Lung Carcinoma Revealed by Its Cellular Plasticity (2023)

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Plant Host Effect on the Development of <I>Heliothis virescens</I> F. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (2008)

Heliothis virescens F. is an important polyphagous pest that can develop on >100 plant species, including 20 economic crops. Populations of this insect are believed to be locally maintained on a few crops and weed hosts in Washington County, MS. To find the intrinsic value of these plants for the development of H. virescens populations, we fed different laboratory and wild colonies with fresh and lyophilized plant tissue under a constant temperature. Development time of this insect under laboratory conditions varied up to 10 d between plant hosts and was dependent on the type of plant tissue provided: fresh or lyophilized. Life table parameters such as net reproductive rate, finite rate of increase, and generation time indicated that Trifolium repens, a wild host growing around agricultural fields year round, could be one of the most suitable local plant hosts for the development of H. virescens. Two species of Geranium, previously reported as the source of the first H. virescens generation in the region, had lower intrinsic value as a food source than did T. repens. Gossyipium hirsutum, perhaps the most important crop source of H. virescens in the region, produced low net reproductive rate and finite rate of increase parameters. Sampling conducted in agricultural fields during 2006 and 2007 found no larvae on the above mentioned wild hosts as it was previously reported. Results indicated that H. virescens populations in this region were not supported by the wild plant species growing around agricultural fields during the time when the survey took place.
InSb Mid-Infrared Photon Detector for Room-Temperature Operation (2013)

We developed a small InSb mid-infrared (2–7 µm wavelength range) photon detector that operates at room temperature. The photodiode was made from (hetero epitaxial) InSb layers that were grown on a semi-insulating GaAs substrate by molecular beam epitaxy. To suppress the effects of the diffusion current of the p–i–n photodiode, we used an AlInSb barrier layer that raises the resistance of the photodiode. We also optimized the device's doping concentration and the infrared incidence window structure. These optimization steps realized high photoelectric current output in a room-temperature environment. We also increased the signal-to-noise ratio of the detector by connecting multiple photodiodes in series. The size of this detector is 1.9×2.7×0.4 mm 3 and the detectivity is 2.8×10 8 cm Hz 1/2 /W at 300 K. This is a practical IR detector that can be used in general signal amplification ICs.
Discharge and Charge Characteristics of Polyaniline Prepared by Electropolymerization of Aniline in Nonaqueous Solvent (1993)

Electroactive polyaniline can be prepared in nonaqueous solutions (such as propylene carbonate (PC), acetonitrile) containing 1.0 mol dm−3 aniline tetrafluoroborate (ATFB). The polyaniline prepared in PC containing 1.0 mol dm−3ATFB showed a high discharge capacity compared with that prepared in 2.0 mol dm−3 aqueous solution containing 1.0 mol dm−3 aniline (pH 1) because oxidative degradation during the electropolymerization did not occur in PC containing 1.0 mol dm−3 ATFB. However, the decrease in the discharge capacity of polyaniline prepared in PC containing 1.0 mol dm−3ATFB with increasing discharge current was larger than that prepared in 2.0 mol dm−3 aqueous solution containing 1.0 mol dm−3 aniline (pH 1). From scanning electron microscopic observations, it can be seen that these polyanilines have different morphologies.
Twisted carbon-carbon double bonds. Crystal and molecular structure of 4,5-di-tert-butyl-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-1,2-disilacyclohexa-3,5-diene (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTwisted carbon-carbon double bonds. Crystal and molecular structure of 4,5-di-tert-butyl-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-1,2-disilacyclohexa-3,5-dieneTzong Hsiung Hseu, Yun Chi, and Chao Shiuan LiuCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 6, 1594–1598Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00370a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00370a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views93Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Global Forensic Geolocation with Deep Neural Networks (2020)

Summary An important problem in modern forensic analyses is identifying the provenance of materials at a crime scene, such as biological material on a piece of clothing. This procedure, which is known as geolocation, is conventionally guided by expert knowledge of the biological evidence and therefore tends to be application specific, labour intensive and often subjective. Purely data-driven methods have yet to be fully realized in this domain, because in part of the lack of a sufficiently rich source of data. However, high throughput sequencing technologies can identify tens of thousands of fungi and bacteria taxa by using DNA recovered from a single swab collected from nearly any object or surface. This microbial community, or microbiome, may be highly informative of the provenance of the sample, but data on the spatial variation of microbiomes are sparse and high dimensional and have a complex dependence structure that render them difficult to model with standard statistical tools. Deep learning algorithms have generated a tremendous amount of interest within the machine learning community for their predictive performance in high dimensional problems. We present DeepSpace: a new algorithm for geolocation that aggregates over an ensemble of deep neural network classifiers trained on randomly generated Voronoi partitions of a spatial domain. The DeepSpace algorithm makes remarkably good point predictions; for example, when applied to the microbiomes of over 1300 dust samples collected across continental USA, more than half of geolocation predictions produced by this model fall less than 100 km from their true origin, which is a 60% reduction in error from competing geolocation methods. Moreover, we apply DeepSpace to a novel data set of global dust samples collected from nearly 30 countries, finding that dust-associated fungi alone predict a sample's country of origin with nearly 90% accuracy.
Analysis of life time estimation methods based on data for electro-thermally aged PET films (2002)

Several empirical formulas have been proposed for lifetime prediction of electrical insulation that works in an electric field and at elevated temperatures. However, it is not obvious which of them is applicable to different types of insulating materials. An attempt is made to determine which of the models best describes experimental aging data for polyethyleneterephtalate (PET) films. Out of the analyzed empirical models for electrothermal aging of electrical insulation, the best approximation of the experimental data considered was provided by L. Simoni's model (1985). Constant lifetime characteristics elaborated on its basis are of practical importance and may be satisfactorily used in practice. Application of the model of J.P. Crine (1989) allowed the calculation of the free energy and the mean free path values for the studied PET films.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Electron Cryo-Tomography Structure of Axonemal Doublet Microtubule from Tetrahymena thermophila (2021)

Summary Doublet microtubules (DMT) provide a scaffold for axoneme assembly in motile cilia. Aside from α/β tubulins, the DMT comprises a large number of non-tubulin proteins in the luminal wall of DMT, collectively named the microtubule inner proteins (MIPs). We used electron cryo-tomography to study axoneme DMT isolated from Tetrahymena thermophila . We present the structures of DMT at nanometer and sub-nanometer resolution. The structures confirm that MIP Rib72A/B binds to the luminal wall of the DMT by multiple DM10 domains, likely by recognizing the acetylated K40 residue of α-tubulin. We found Fap115, a MIP containing multiple EF-hand domains, located at the interface of four-tubulin dimers in the lumen of the A-tubule. It functions as a “molecular staple” stabilizing both lateral and longitudinal tubulin interfaces and playing a critical role in DMT stability. Defects caused by the depletion of Fap115 propagate along the axoneme due to extensive structural changes in the DMT at and beyond the Fap115 binding site. Finally, by comparing DMT structures from Tetrahymena and Chlamydomonas , we have identified a number of conserved MIPs as well as MIPs that are unique to each organism. This conservation and diversity of the DMT structures might be linked to their specific functions. Our work provides structural insights essential for understanding the roles of MIPs during motile cilium assembly and function, as well as their relationships to human ciliopathies.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Anti-DLL4 Inhibits Growth and Reduces Tumor-Initiating Cell Frequency in Colorectal Tumors with Oncogenic <i>KRAS</i> Mutations (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1 from Anti-DLL4 Inhibits Growth and Reduces Tumor-Initiating Cell Frequency in Colorectal Tumors with Oncogenic &lt;i&gt;KRAS&lt;/i&gt; Mutations
Mathematical Model to Predict Individual Survival for Patients With Renal Cell Carcinoma (2002)

We have developed mathematical equations for estimating survival after radical nephrectomy for RCC. The resulting formulas are capable of better tailoring survival estimates for a specific patient and are based on widely accepted clinical prognostic variables. On validation with external data, this type of representation can be used as a tool for the determination of personalized prognosis and may be useful for patient education and counseling.
Comparison of Spinopelvic Configuration and Roussouly Alignment Types Between Pediatric and Adult Populations (2022)

Level III.
The Generalized Boundary Curve A Common Method for Automatic Nominal Design and Design Centering of Analog Circuits (2009)

In this paper, a new method for analog circuit sizing with respect to manufacturing and operating tolerances is presented. Two types of robustness objectives are presented, i.e. parameter distances for the nominal design and worstcase distances for the design centering. Moreover, the generalized boundary curve is presented as a method to determine a parameter correction within an iterative trust region algorithm. Results show that a significant reduction in computational costs is achieved using the presented robustness objectives and generalized boundary curve.
X‐Ray Microscopy (1999)

Abstract The sections in this article are Interaction of X Rays with Matter Imaging Microscopes Scanning Microscopes Image Formation
Machine learning framework for quantum sampling of highly constrained, continuous optimization problems (2021)

In recent years, there is growing interest in using quantum computers for solving combinatorial optimization problems. In this work, we developed a generic, machine learning-based framework for mapping continuous-space inverse design problems into surrogate quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) problems by employing a binary variational autoencoder and a factorization machine. The factorization machine is trained as a low-dimensional, binary surrogate model for the continuous design space and sampled using various QUBO samplers. Using the D-Wave Advantage hybrid sampler and simulated annealing, we demonstrate that by repeated resampling and retraining of the factorization machine, our framework finds designs that exhibit figures of merit exceeding those of its training set. We showcase the framework's performance on two inverse design problems by optimizing (i) thermal emitter topologies for thermophotovoltaic applications and (ii) diffractive meta-gratings for highly efficient beam steering. This technique can be further scaled to leverage future developments in quantum optimization to solve advanced inverse design problems for science and engineering applications.