gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On-chip self-referencing using integrated lithium niobate waveguides (2020)

The measurement and stabilization of the carrier-envelope offset frequency $f_{\textrm{CEO}}$ via self-referencing is paramount for optical frequency comb generation which has revolutionized precision frequency metrology, spectroscopy, and optical clocks. Over the past decade, the development of chip-scale platforms has enabled compact integrated waveguides for supercontinuum generation. However, there is a critical need for an on-chip self-referencing system that is adaptive to different pump wavelengths, requires low pulse energy, and does not require complicated processing. Here, we demonstrate efficient carrier-envelope offset frequency $f_{\textrm{CEO}}$ stabilization of a modelocked laser with only 107 pJ of pulse energy via self-referencing in an integrated lithium niobate waveguide. We realize an $f$-$2f$ interferometer through second-harmonic generation and subsequent supercontinuum generation in a single dispersion-engineered waveguide with a stabilization performance equivalent to a conventional off-chip module. The $f_{\textrm{CEO}}$ beatnote is measured over a pump wavelength range of 70 nm. We theoretically investigate our system using a single nonlinear envelope equation with contributions from both second- and third-order nonlinearities. Our modeling reveals rich ultrabroadband nonlinear dynamics and confirms that the initial second harmonic generation followed by supercontinuum generation with the remaining pump is responsible for the generation of a strong $f_{\textrm{CEO}}$ signal as compared to a traditional $f$-$2f$ interferometer. Our technology provides a highly-simplified system that is robust, low cost, and adaptable for precision metrology for use outside a research laboratory.
(Fe,Co)/N‐Doped Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes as Efficient Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Rechargeable Zinc‐Air Batteries (2020)

Abstract The design and fabrication of efficient, less costly, and stable bifunctional oxygen electrode electrocatalysts is crucial for large‐scale production of rechargeable zinc‐air batteries. Herein, electrocatalytically active, hybrid materials composed of Fe−Co alloy nanoparticles‐embedded N‐doped carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are synthesized from Fe/Co‐polyporphyrin‐CNTs via pyrolysis. The materials serve as highly effective bifunctional oxygen electrode catalysts for zinc‐air batteries. In particular, the one synthesized at 700 °C, named CNTs@(Fe,Co)PP‐700, shows a very good activity for both the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in an alkaline solution. This material catalyzes ORR with a limiting current density of 5.11 mA cm −2 and a half‐wave potential of 0.86 V vs RHE. It also catalyzes OER with 10 mA cm −2 at a small overpotential of 360 mV. Besides, it operates well as an air cathode in a home‐made rechargeable zinc‐air battery, with a small voltage gap of 0.71 V at 2 mA cm −2 , while remaining stable in hundreds of charge‐discharge cycles for &gt;83 h. Its performance in a zinc‐air battery is better than that of a benchmark air‐electrode containing noble metals, Pt/C+RuO 2 .
Transparent conducting oxides: from all-dielectric plasmonics to a new paradigm in integrated photonics (2022)

During the past few years, the optics and photonics communities have renewed their attention toward transparent conducting oxides (TCOs), which for over two decades have been broadly employed for the fabrication of transparent electrodes in photovoltaic and communication technologies. This reinvigorated research curiosity is twofold: on the one hand, TCOs, with their metal-like properties, low optical absorption, and fabrication flexibility, represent an appealing alternative to noble metals for designing ultra-compact plasmonic devices. On the other hand, this class of hybrid compounds has been proved to possess exceptionally high optical nonlinearities when operating on a frequency window centered around their crossover point, the wavelength point at which the real part of the dielectric permittivity switches sign. Because TCOs are wide-bandgap materials with the Fermi level located in the conduction band, they are hybrid in nature, thus presenting both interband and intraband nonlinearities. This is the cause of a very rich nonlinear physics that is yet to be fully understood and explored. In addition to this, TCOs are epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) materials within a broad near-infrared spectral range, including the entire telecom bandwidth. In this operational window a myriad of novel electromagnetic phenomena have been demonstrated experimentally such as supercoupling, wavefront freezing, and photon doping. Furthermore, TCOs stand out among all other ENZ systems due to one fundamental characteristic, which is hardly attainable even by using structured materials. In fact, around their ENZ wavelength and for a quite generous operational range, these materials can be engineered to have an extremely small real index. This peculiarity leads to a slow-light effect that is ultimately responsible for a significant enhancement of the material nonlinear properties and is the cornerstone of the emerging field of near-zero-index photonics. In this regard, the recent history of nonlinear optics in conductive oxides is growing extremely fast due to a great number of experiments reporting unprecedentedly remarkable effects, including unitary index change, bandwidth-large frequency shift, efficient ultra-low-power frequency conversion, and many others. This review is meant to guide the reader through the exciting journey of TCOs, starting as an industrial material for transparent electrodes, then becoming a new alternative for low-loss plasmonics, and recently opening up new frontiers in integrated nonlinear optics. The present review is mainly focused on experimental observations.
Cesium Removal at Fukushima Nuclear Plant - 13215 (2013)

The Great East Japan Earthquake that took place on March 11, 2011 created a number of technical challenges at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Plant. One of the primary challenges involved the treatment of highly contaminated radioactive wastewater. Avantech Inc. developed a unique patent pending treatment system that addressed the numerous technical issues in an efficient and safe manner. Our paper will address the development of the process from concept through detailed design, identify the lessons learned, and provide the updated results of the project. Specific design and operational parameters/benefits discussed in the paper include: - Selection of equipment to address radionuclide issues; - Unique method of solving the additional technical issues associated with Hydrogen Generation and Residual Heat; - Operational results, including chemistry, offsite discharges and waste generation. Results show that the customized process has enabled the utility to recycle the wastewater for cooling and reuse. This technology had a direct benefit to nuclear facilities worldwide. (authors)
Fabrication and testing of optics for EUV projection lithography (1998)

EUV lithography (EUVL) is a leading candidate as a stepper technology for fabricating the '0.1 micrometers generation' of microelectronic circuits. EUVL is an optical printing technique qualitatively similar to DUV lithography (DUVL), except that 11-13 nm wavelength light is used instead of 193-248nm. The feasibility of creating 0.1 micrometers features has been well-established using small-field EUVL printing tools, and development efforts are currently underway to demonstrate that cost-effective production equipment can be engineered to perform full-width ring-field imaging consistent with high wafer throughput rates. Ensuring that an industrial supplier base will be available for key components and subsystems is crucial to the success of EUVL. In particular, the projection optics are the heart of the EUVL imaging system, yet they have figure and finish specifications that are beyond the state-of-the-art in optics manufacturing. Thus it is important to demonstrate that industry will be able to fabricate and certify these optics commensurate with EUVL requirements. Indeed, the goal of this paper is to demonstrate that procuring EUVL projection optical substrates is feasible. This conclusion is based on measurements of both commercially-available and developmental substrates. The paper discusses EUVL figure and finish specifications, followed by examples of ultrasmooth and accurate surfaces, and concludes with a discussion of how substrates are measured and evaluated.
MEASURING THE INTEREST RATE RISK (1985)

This paper develops the theory of the measurement of interest rate risks from its foundations, beginning with the question of which asset values (market or book) are economically relevant and therefore at risk. Upon this foundation, the paper builds a flexible and general theory of the measurement of interest rate risk that includes the familiar Macaulay-Redington theory as one special case. The theory is applied using a simple model of interest rates to allow separate measurement of the risks associated with permanent and transient changes in interest rates. I.
Lokaal bestuur in Frankrijk (2003)

Het Franse lokaal bestuur geniet thans meer autonomie (in termen van hulpbronnen, legitimiteit en expertise) dan voorheen. Het ontwikkelt zich binnen kaders gesteld door de nationale staat en de Europese Unie. Van groot belang zijn vormen van intergemeentelijke samenwerking op regionaal niveau. De auteurs behandelen de veranderende kaders van de Franse lokale politiek en de vernieuwingen die zich binnen deze kaders voltrekken.\n
Causality Preserving Passivity Enforcement for Traveling-Wave-Type Transmission-Line Models (2009)

Transmission-line models must be passive in order to guarantee stable time-domain simulations. Enforcing the passivity by adding a conductance matrix to the line model has been proposed, which is established by a frequency sweep. This leads to instantaneous coupling between the two line ends, thus violating the causality of the line. This letter shows that the coupling terms can be removed with only a negligible change to the model's perturbation. The removal of coupling terms makes the approach more suitable for the application with existing transmission-line models.
Identification of Two Cases of Ciliopathy-Associated Diabetes and Their Mutation Analysis Using Whole Exome Sequencing (2015)

Background Alstrom syndrome and Bardet-Biedl syndrome are autosomal recessively inherited ciliopathies with common characteristics of obesity, diabetes, and blindness. Alstrom syndrome is caused by a mutation in the ALMS1 gene, and Bardet-Biedl syndrome is caused by mutations in BBS1-16 genes. Herein we report genetically confirmed cases of Alstrom syndrome and Bardet-Biedl syndrome in Korea using whole exome sequencing. Methods Exome capture was done using SureSelect Human All Exon Kit V4+UTRs (Agilent Technologies). HiSeq2000 system (Illumina) was used for massive parallel sequencing. Sanger sequencing was used for genotype confirmation and familial cosegregation analysis. Results A 21-year old Korean woman was clinically diagnosed with Alstrom syndrome. She had diabetes, blindness, obesity, severe insulin resistance, and hearing loss. Whole exome sequencing revealed a nonsense mutation in exon 10 of ALMS1 (c.8776C>T, p.R2926X) and a seven base-pair deletion resulting in frameshift mutation in exon 8 (c.6410_6416del, p.2137_2139del). A 24-year-old Korean man had Bardet-Biedl syndrome with diabetes, blindness, obesity, and a history of polydactyly. Whole exome sequencing revealed a nonsynonymous mutation in exon 11 of the BBS1 gene (c.1061A>G, p.E354G) and mutation at the normal splicing recognition site of exon 7 of the BBS1 gene (c.519-1G>T). Conclusion We found novel compound heterozygous mutations of Alstrom syndrome and Bardet-Biedl syndrome using whole exome sequencing. The whole exome sequencing successfully identified novel genetic variants of ciliopathy-associated diabetes.
The Genetic Landscape of Renal Complications in Type 1 Diabetes. (2017)

Diabetes is the leading cause of ESRD. Despite evidence for a substantial heritability of diabetic kidney disease, efforts to identify genetic susceptibility variants have had limited success. We extended previous efforts in three dimensions, examining a more comprehensive set of genetic variants in larger numbers of subjects with type 1 diabetes characterized for a wider range of cross-sectional diabetic kidney disease phenotypes. In 2843 subjects, we estimated that the heritability of diabetic kidney disease was 35% (P=6.4×10(-3)). Genome-wide association analysis and replication in 12,540 individuals identified no single variants reaching stringent levels of significance and, despite excellent power, provided little independent confirmation of previously published associated variants. Whole-exome sequencing in 997 subjects failed to identify any large-effect coding alleles of lower frequency influencing the risk of diabetic kidney disease. However, sets of alleles increasing body mass index (P=2.2×10(-5)) and the risk of type 2 diabetes (P=6.1×10(-4)) associated with the risk of diabetic kidney disease. We also found genome-wide genetic correlation between diabetic kidney disease and failure at smoking cessation (P=1.1×10(-4)). Pathway analysis implicated ascorbate and aldarate metabolism (P=9.0×10(-6)), and pentose and glucuronate interconversions (P=3.0×10(-6)) in pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease. These data provide further evidence for the role of genetic factors influencing diabetic kidney disease in those with type 1 diabetes and highlight some key pathways that may be responsible. Altogether these results reveal important biology behind the major cause of kidney disease.
Picoliter Droplet Deposition Using a Prototype Picoliter Pipette: Control Parameters and Application in Micro X-ray Fluorescence (2009)

In this study, we introduce a Hewlett-Packard prototype picoliter pipette, the "thermal inkjet picofluidic system" (TIPS), for analytical purposes. In contrast to the use of actual inkjet printers, this instrument allows for control of all energy and time settings. We are able to show that in contrast to techniques delivering microliter and nanoliter volumes, evaporation has a major influence on the deposition of picoliter volumes and has to be treated seriously when picoliter depositions are applied in the laboratory for calibration purposes. We developed a strategy to reduce evaporation by varying different parameters, thereby achieving a precision of less than 10% for elemental depositions ranging from 1 to 300 picoliters and 1 to 2000 pg elemental deposits. Additionally, we determined the performance of the micro X-ray fluorescence (MXRF) instruments in terms of limit of detection (LODs), focal spot size, sensitivity, and precision and evaluated the TIPS deposits as reference materials for MXRF using single and multielement solutions. A linear response was observed with correlation coefficients from 0.991 to 0.999 for elemental deposits on AP1 film, and there was a standard deviation from 1 to 40%, depending on the element and the mass deposited. LOD's for Ni deposits on AP1 films were found to range from low picogram levels to subpicogram levels. The dried deposits were characterized for size and shape using light microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM) to estimate matrix effects and the area covered with sample material for the MXRF analysis. Diameters from 14 to 39 microm and thicknesses from 200 nm to 2 microm were measured. The accuracy of the dried spot approach was demonstrated by comparing multielement deposits from the TIPS with the NIST SRMs 1833 and 1832 thin film standards for MXRF analysis. The deviation from the SRMs was found to be better than 10%.
Computer simulations driving improved implementation of Optical Projection Tomographic Microscopy (2014)

Summary form only given. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer related deaths worldwide with approximately 1.37 millions deaths per year. In July 2013, the U.S. Preventative Servies Task Force approved low-dose Computed Tomography (CT) for early detection of lung cancer in heavy smokers, however its potential implementation is hindered by safety concerns due to its use of radiation and its overall cost to the healthcare system. Low-dose CT is also only capable of detecting masses greater than 2mm in diameter, which could hinder physicians ability to detect and effectively treat the cancer. In an effort to perform early detection before masses are visible, VisionGate Inc. is developing a microscope based on Optical Projection Tomographic Microscopy (OPTM) to detect cancer at the cellular level. OPTM reconstructs threedimensional images of single cells from projection images acquired from different perspectives around the cell. This presentation will provide an overview of efforts performed in our lab to develop a computer simulation of OPTM. This simulation is designed to analyze all aspects of OPTM image formation, such as degree of specimen staining, refractive index matching, and objective scanning. The computer simulation is used in conjunction with experimental methods to refine conclusions and improve system design in a robust methodology. While this work is currently driving improved microscope design, in the long term it will provide a framework to develop quantitative microscopy where pixel values are directly related to cellular optical properties. These improvements will provide improved sensitivity and specificity for early detection and ultimately reduce lung cancer mortality. These benefits will be further bolstered by its ability to mitigate the impact of cost and radiation concerns inherent in low-dose CT screening.
Replay debugging for distributed applications (2006)

Researchers in networks and computer systems have developed exciting new distributed applications in recent years; however, adoption of real-world prototypes has been slow. The development of stable, usable services has been hindered by the tremendous effort required to debug distributed applications that are deployed across the Internet. We believe that more powerful debugging tools are needed to address this problem. This dissertation presents the progress we have made on this front, in the form of two new tools, Liblog and Friday. &lt;p&gt; The first, Liblog, is a replay debugging library for libc- and POSIX-based distributed applications. It logs the execution of deployed application processes and replays them deterministically, faithfully reproducing race conditions and non-deterministic failures, enabling careful offline analysis. &lt;p&gt; To our knowledge, Liblog is the first replay tool to address the requirements of large distributed systems: lightweight support for long-running programs, consistent replay of arbitrary subsets of application nodes, and operation in a mixed environment of logging and non-logging processes. In addition, it runs on generic Linux/x86 computers without special hardware or kernel patches and supports unmodified application executables. &lt;p&gt; The second tool, Friday, combines the deterministic replay provided by Liblog with the power of symbolic, low-level debugging and a simple language for expressing higher-level distributed conditions and actions. Friday allows the programmer to understand the collective state and dynamics of a distributed collection of coordinated application components, as part of the debugging process. &lt;p&gt; This dissertation presents the design of Liblog and Friday, an evaluation of the performance overhead that they impose at runtime, and a set of case studies that illustrate the new functionality enabled for real distributed applications
Activation and Deactivation of Gold/Ceria–Zirconia in the Low‐Temperature Water–Gas Shift Reaction (2017)

Abstract Gold (Au) on ceria–zirconia is one of the most active catalysts for the low‐temperature water–gas shift reaction (LTS), a key stage of upgrading H 2 reformate streams for fuel cells. However, this catalyst rapidly deactivates on‐stream and the deactivation mechanism remains unclear. Using stop–start scanning transmission electron microscopy to follow the exact same area of the sample at different stages of the LTS reaction, as well as complementary X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, we observed the activation and deactivation of the catalyst at various stages. During the heating of the catalyst to reaction temperature, we observed the formation of small Au nanoparticles (NPs; 1–2 nm) from subnanometer Au species. These NPs were then seen to agglomerate further over 48 h on‐stream, and most rapidly in the first 5 h when the highest rate of deactivation was observed. These findings suggest that the primary deactivation process consists of the loss of active sites through the agglomeration and possible dewetting of Au NPs.
Supplementary Movie 1 from Tivantinib (ARQ 197) Exhibits Antitumor Activity by Directly Interacting with Tubulin and Overcomes ABC Transporter–Mediated Drug Resistance (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Control (EBC1-Fucci).&lt;/p&gt;
Constellation design in four dimensions under average power constraint (2015)

In this paper we address the problem of constellation design in four dimensional space (4D) under average power constraint. We compare the performance of best lattice constellations with those optimized without any constraint on their structure. Even though the lattice based constellations provide the best minimum distance, usually they do not allow for a good binary labelling. Therefore, in more realistic system scenarios, up to a 2 dB gain can be obtained by properly optimizing the constellation and the corresponding binary labelling. We also investigate the performance of 4D constellations obtained by the Cartesian product of two 2D constellations.
Handbook of Big Data (2016)

Handbook of Big Data provides a state-of-the-art overview of the analysis of large-scale datasets. Featuring contributions from well-known experts in statistics and computer science, this handbook presents a carefully curated collection of techniques from both industry and academia. Thus, the text instills a working understanding of key statistical and computing ideas that can be readily applied in research and practice. Offering balanced coverage of methodology, theory, and applications, this handbook: Describes modern, scalable approaches for analyzing increasingly large datasets Defines the underlying concepts of the available analytical tools and techniques Details intercommunity advances in computational statistics and machine learning Handbook of Big Data also identifies areas in need of further development, encouraging greater communication and collaboration between researchers in big data sub-specialties such as genomics, computational biology, and finance.
Transient length dilation vs. transient increase in permeability of natural rubber films (1991)

Abstract Air dissolved under pressure in a film, made from natural rubber, causes its slight dilation. Sudden decompression of this film leads to its large transient dilation that afterwards vanishes within less than a minute (τ ≈ 20 s). Such transient expansion is apparently caused by internal stresses due to oversaturation. This behavior is analogous to the previously reported transient increase in the permeability to gases of the suddenly decompressed polymeric membranes. A clear correlation between results derived from the dilation and the permeability measurements seems to be evident.