gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the capacity of non-coherent network coding (2009)

The min-cut value towards a single receiver in a network with unit capacity edges can be achieved by routing a single bit. The multicast theorem in network coding shows that, the common min-cut value towards N ¿ 1 receivers can also be achieved using packets of length logN bits, if the operations the intermediate nodes perform are deterministically known at the receivers. We here calculate the capacity in the case where these operations are unknown, and characterize how the capacity depends on the min-cut value and the packet length.
Abstract 1320: Molecular imaging of EMT reveals crosstalk of multiple pathways and provides novel sites for therapeutic intervention of EMT (2010)

Abstract Ionizing radiation therapy have been also suggested to result in increased incidence of local or distant metastasis which is, at least in part, mediated by TGFß signaling. TGFß is a known potentiator of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), a complex process by which a tumor cell bolsters its metastatic potential by transmogrifying into a highly motile and invasive cell that is ready to take on the challenge of distant travel and resettlement in a new milieu. Therefore it is important, in order to increase efficacy of ionizing radiation, a combination therapy along with inhibitors of EMT pathway, be utilized in the treatment of cancers. To date there is no clinically relevant EMT inhibitor and therefore to assist in the process of identifying a small molecular weight inhibitor, we developed three distinct non-invasive and quantitative molecular imaging reporters for monitoring EMT. These were based on changes in expression profile of E-cadherin and N-cadherin and complementation of luciferase based TGFβR kinase (BTR) activity. In the lung cancer EMT model studies using TGFβ treated A549 cells we demonstrated a time and dose dependent increase in activity of luciferase reporter driven by N-cadherin promoter and a decrease in the activity of a luciferase reporter driven by E-cadherin promoter. These changes were validated by phenotypic alteration of A549 cells and by western blotting for signaling intermediates of EMT pathway. BTR (bioluminescent TGFβR reporter), was a gain of function sensor of SMAD2/3 phosphorylation wherein inhibition of TGFβR signaling leads to increased reporter activity. Such reporters are extremely useful in high throughput screening (HTS) as cytotoxic agents are eliminated early in the screening process. Treatment of A549 cells stably expressing BTR with SB431542 (TGFβR specific inhibitor) lead to a more than 20 fold increase in BTR activity. All three reporters were adapted for HTS assay and were used to screen a library of known kinase inhibitors. Analyses and validation of hits suggested that the loss of epithelial or gain of mesenchymal phenotypes are independent processes. Further it also highlighted complex cross talks between EMT and different pathways involving mTor, Src, p38 MAPK, Akt, JNK, PI3-K, PKA, PKC, GSK-3β, PDGFRK and EGFR. Efficacy of several lead compounds (Erlotinib, SP600125, SB203580, and SB431542) in combination with radiotherapy is being accessed to increase radiation sensitivity in epithelial cancers. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1320.
Passive phosphorus capture in biofiltration context: nitrate impact on the performance (2019)

Research on the development of a passive phosphorus entrapment process characterized by biofilters with active wood-based media impregnated with iron hydroxide has been conducted. Phosphorus removal was done by sorption which includes adsorption, exchange of ions and precipitation. Experiments were performed in order to investigate the effect of nitrate, generally present at the end of secondary treatment, on the phosphorus removal performance. Columns tests were performed with anaerobic activated wood-based media and immersion over a period of 150 days. Columns were fed for 32 days with a synthetic solution of 5 mg P L<sup>-1</sup>. Different concentrations of nitrate (5, 10 and 25 mg N-NO<sub>3</sub> L<sup>-1</sup>) were then applied on three columns (C<sub>2</sub>, C<sub>3</sub> and C<sub>4</sub>), column C<sub>1</sub> serving as a control. Results showed total phosphorus (TP) removal efficiencies of 96.9%, 81.7%, 70.6% and 75.7%, respectively, for C<sub>1</sub>, C<sub>2</sub>, C<sub>3</sub> and C<sub>4</sub>. Addition of nitrate increases the oxidoreduction potential (ORP). This results in an inhibition of the reductive dissolution, characterized by a decrease in the release of ferrous ions. Simultaneous denitrification occurs within the columns. It is both biological and chemical through the oxidation of ferrous ions by NO<sub>2</sub>, produced during biological denitrification. Furthermore, bacterial identification tests have highlighted the presence of iron-related bacteria (<i>Pseudomonas</i>, <i>Thiobacillus</i>, <i>Enteric bacteria</i>, e.g. <i>E. coli</i>), slym forming bacteria, sulphate reducing bacteria and denitrifying microorganisms such as <i>Pseudomonas</i> and <i>E. bacteria</i> in biofilters.
Imaging of charging specimens at high beam energies in the SEM (2002)

This paper describes a novel method to observe charging specimens at high beam voltages without specimen preparation. It was found that the technique greatly reduces charging artifacts such as raster faults, discharge streaks, astigmatism and defocussing without sacrificing image quality. Images obtained of uncoated specimens are found to be comparable to gold-coated specimens and without charging effects.
A Prospective, Randomized Study of Intramedullary Nails Inserted With and Without Reaming for the Treatment of Open and Closed Fractures of the Tibial Shaft (2000)

Our findings support the use of reamed insertion of IM nails for the treatment of closed tibia fractures, which led to earlier time to union without increased complications. In addition, canal reaming did not increase the risk of complications in open tibia fractures.
Energy Aware Latency Minimization for Network Slicing Enabled Edge Computing (2021)

With the rapid growth of traffic in current wireless networks, the management of heterogeneous and time-critical services with limited computing and communication resources has become a significant challenge. Edge computing (EC) is one of the key techniques in enabling 5G networks to reduce the latency of services while the network slicing (NS) technique aims to provide users with tailored services by taking advantage of virtualization of a physical network. Besides, non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), one of the key enablers of 5G networks, enables more users to share wireless resources. We propose to leverage these techniques to minimize the total latency of the computing tasks with energy constraints. The combination of NS with NOMA for EC can reduce the unnecessary allocation of resources and consequently enhance both the energy and spectral efficiencies of the system. We first propose a binary scheme for offloading computing tasks and formulate an optimization problem to minimize the total latency of completing the tasks. We then transform the optimization problem to facilitate a near-optimal solution. We also introduce a heuristic algorithm to reduce the computational complexity of solving the optimization problem. Finally, extensive simulation results have demonstrated the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm.
Integrated 1024 channel ultrasound beamformer for ultrasound research (2020)

Volumetric ultrasound imaging is of most importance not only for real time cardiac imaging and quantization of flow but also for niche applications like motion tracking and robust 3D microbubble tracing. In ultrasound research, the use of fully connected matrix arrays is the most flexible solution to develop scan strategies or micro beamforming techniques that will later be transferred into more cost-effective hardware solutions. We developed a fully integrated 1024 channel ultrasound system providing freely programmable transmit parameters and raw received data access for each channel and element. It integrates four ultrasound research scanners of our latest “DiPhAS” generation with 256 channels each and an internal synchronization logic for parallel operation into a single 19-inch rack with a height of 800 mm. Compared to other systems in the literature providing a high channel count by linking and synchronizing multiple electronics systems we present a solution that controls all 1024 channels integrated with only one PC without the need to transfer data from synchronized computers. Each ultrasound electronics connects with PCIexpress and a 25 Gbit/s link providing 100 Gbit/s overall bandwidth to transfer raw single element channel data of all the 1024 transducer elements. Data from all devices is directly transferred to DMA memory in the PC for further processing using the dual Intel Xeon processors and four additional Nvidia graphics adapters for GPU processing implementing real-time software-based volumetric beamforming. Received signal bandwidth ranges from 300 kHz up to 20 MHz with a sampling rate of 80 MSPS and a resolution of 12 bit. Realtime volumetric imaging using commercial and custom matrix arrays is implemented using volumetric plane wave compounding. We will investigate the usage of custom matrix array transducers with large footprints to realize deeper penetration compared to the specific cardiac imaging transducers in the future improving applications for real-time motion and microbubble tracking in tissue.
Automated non-contact heart rate measurement using conventional video cameras (2017)

In this work we propose an algorithm for noncontact heart rate estimation using conventional cameras.The algorithm is robust to movements and works under non-controlled illumination.We divide the frames in micro-regions that are tracked using an optical flow algorithm to compensate for movements and we apply a clustering algorithm to automatically select the best micro-regions to use for heart rate estimation.We also propose a temporal and spatial filtering scheme to reduce noise and an adaptive filter to improve the signal to noise ratio of the signal employed for heart rate estimation.We evaluated our algorithm for real and synthetic data, comparing its results to a fingertip pulse oximeter and a state-of-the-art algorithm for heart rate estimation through video.Results show that the algorithm can work well under challenging situations.
ChemInform Abstract: A Photochemical (4 + 4) Method for the Construction of Annulated Eight‐ Membered Rings. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Electric Field Induced Rupture Of Membranes (2005)

In this paper we present the rate of production of critical size pores resulting in membrane rupture in the presence of an externally applied electrical field. The formation of pores filled with water in the membrane is treated as the nucleation of a new phase in the lipid bilayer. The present version of the theory is in qualitative agreement with experimental observations on membrane rupture.
GT198 Expression Defines Mutant Tumor Stroma in Human Breast Cancer (2016)

Human breast cancer precursor cells remain to be elucidated. Using breast cancer gene product GT198 ( PSMC3IP ; alias TBPIP or Hop2) as a unique marker, we revealed the cellular identities of GT198 mutant cells in human breast tumor stroma. GT198 is a steroid hormone receptor coactivator and a crucial factor in DNA repair. Germline mutations in GT198 are present in breast and ovarian cancer families. Somatic mutations in GT198 are present in ovarian tumor stromal cells. Herein, we show that human breast tumor stromal cells carry GT198 somatic mutations and express cytoplasmic GT198 protein. GT198 + stromal cells share vascular smooth muscle cell origin, including myoepithelial cells, adipocytes, capillary pericytes, and stromal fibroblasts. Frequent GT198 mutations are associated with GT198 + tumor stroma but not with GT198 − tumor cells. GT198 + progenitor cells are mostly capillary pericytes. When tested in cultured cells, mutant GT198 induces vascular endothelial growth factor promoter, and potentially promotes angiogenesis and adipogenesis. Our results suggest that multiple lineages of breast tumor stromal cells are mutated in GT198 . These findings imply the presence of mutant progenitors, whereas their descendants, carrying the same GT198 mutations, are collectively responsible for forming breast tumor microenvironment. GT198 expression is, therefore, a specific marker of mutant breast tumor stroma and has the potential to facilitate diagnosis and targeted treatment of human breast cancer.
Gene therapy for lower urinary tract dysfunction (2012)

Lower urinary tract dysfunction is caused by functional and pathophysiological alterations of the peripheral organs, including the urothelium and detrusor smooth muscle, as well as peripheral and central nervous systems. Recent research in this field has increased our understanding of the mechanisms of lower urinary tract dysfunction, and new drugs have been developed, leading to increased treatment options and changing medical care for lower urinary tract symptoms. Nevertheless, clinicians still often experience refractory and treatment-resistant cases against conventional therapeutic modalities. For such cases, gene therapy targeting for the lower urinary tract and its afferent pathway is anticipated to offer a new therapeutic approach. Therefore, in this article, we review the possibility and current status of gene therapy for lower urinary tract dysfunction.
Modeling binaural receivers in finite difference simulation of room acoustics (2013)

Binaural room impulse responses are important for auralization as well as for objective research in room acoustics. In geometrical room simulation methods, obtaining such responses is easily achieved by convolving each computed reflection tap with a corresponding pre-measured angle-dependent head-related impulse response. Unfortunately, employing such an approach in wave based methods is challenging due to temporal overlap of room reflections in the calculated response. One alternative is to physically embed a listener geometry in the grid. Whilst this method is straightforward, it requires voxelization of a geometrically complex object. Furthermore, with non-conformal boundary conditions, the voxelized geometry is sample-rate dependent, meaning that numerical consistency is compromised. In this paper, we discuss the merits and drawbacks of embedding different listener geometries in the grid, ranging from a simple rigid sphere to a fully featured laser-scan of a Kemar mannikin. We then introduce a parametric model of a human listener whose head related effects are structurally approximated by digital filters. The model is applied to simulated results in order to extrapolate a binaural response from a single pressure-velocity receiver, without the need to embed any objects in the grid. A comparative analysis of the two methods is presented, and results are discussed in light of room acoustics modeling.
Designing meso- and macropore architectures in hybrid organic–inorganic membranes by combining surfactant and breath figure templating (BFT) (2009)

Hybrid "organic-inorganic" membranes are synthesized by growing a functionalized mesoporous "sol-gel"-derived SiO2 network into a hydrophobic fluorinated polymer. Processing guidelines are proposed to optimize the porosity at the macro-, meso- and micro-scales by templating the surface of the membrane through a modification of the thermal processing at 30-80 degrees C in air. Such a hierarchical design exploits the benefits of the facile water retention of the breath figure to produce membranes with high proton conductivity (50 mS cm(-1) at 70 degrees C) under 100% relative humidity and develops the surface area and the interfacial area between the hydrophobic and hydrophilic domains.
Changes to Colour Vision on Exposure to High Altitude (2011)

This experiment revealed no changes to colour vision with exposure to 3,300m. This may be below the threshold altitude for cone dysfunction, alternatively colour vision deterioration may be less significant in mesopic conditions.
Multicolor Fluorescent Intravital Live Microscopy (FILM) for Surgical Tumor Resection in a Mouse Xenograft Model (2009)

Multicolor FILM is an accurate method for identifying malignant tissue and cells in vivo. The imaging probes distributed in a manner similar to predictions based on transport principles, and these models can be used to design future probes and experiments. FILM can provide critical real time feedback and should be a useful tool for more effective and complete cancer resection.
Dynamic Nuclear Polarization NMR Enables the Analysis of Sn-Beta Zeolite Prepared with Natural Abundance 119Sn Precursors (2014)

The catalytic activity of tin-containing zeolites, such as Sn-Beta, is critically dependent on the successful incorporation of the tin metal center into the zeolite framework. However, synchrotron-based techniques or solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) of samples enriched with (119)Sn isotopes are the only reliable methods to verify framework incorporation. This work demonstrates, for the first time, the use of dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) NMR for characterizing zeolites containing ~2 wt % of natural abundance Sn without the need for (119)Sn isotopic enrichment. The biradicals TOTAPOL, bTbK, bCTbK, and SPIROPOL functioned effectively as polarizing sources, and the solvent enabled proper transfer of spin polarization from the radical's unpaired electrons to the target nuclei. Using bCTbK led to an enhancement (ε) of 75, allowing the characterization of natural-abundance (119)Sn-Beta with excellent signal-to-noise ratios in <24 h. Without DNP, no (119)Sn resonances were detected after 10 days of continuous analysis.
Comment on “DNA Repair Interacts with Autophagy To Regulate Inflammatory Responses to Pulmonary Hyperoxia” (2017)

We have read with great interest the article by Ye et al. ([1][1]), which demonstrates the novel Atg7 regulatory role of 8-oxoguanine-DNA glycosylase (OGG-1), a known DNA repair protein. However, the authors’ claims of interactions between two major cellular events, DNA repair and autophagy, in
Abstract 2012: Accurate measurement of free and complexed PSA concentrations in serum of women using a novel technology with fg/mL sensitivity (2015)

Abstract Measurement of free and complexed PSA (prostate specific antigen; complexed with ACT) in certain patient groups such as prostatectomy patients and women at risk of breast and ovarian cancer has been limited by the sensitivity of current immunoassay technology (5-30 pg/mL for common clinical analyzers). Fifth generation assays for total PSA with detection limits of 0.05 to 0.1 pg/mL have been described (McDermet 2009; Thaxton 2009; Wilson 2011). We developed a next-generation assay format based on MSD's MULTI-ARRAY® electrochemiluminescence technology with detection limits of 2 fg/mL (0.002 pg/mL) for complexed PSA (cPSA) and 20 fg/mL for free PSA (fPSA), requiring only 25 μL of serum or plasma per measurement. Assays were calibrated against the WHO standards 96/668 (free PSA) and 98/670 (90% complexed, 10% free PSA). The dynamic range of both assays was three to four orders of magnitude. Typical intra-plate coefficients of variation ranged from 5% to 15%. LLOQ's of cPSA and fPSA assays were 5 fg/mL and 55 fg/mL, respectively. Spike recovery and dilution linearity were between 80% and 120%. Approximately 100 serum samples from women were evaluated. Free PSA was detectable in 95% of samples and cPSA was detectable in all samples. Multiple literature reports indicate that free PSA might be a marker for early detection of breast cancer; however, the concentrations of many samples were close to or below the detection limits of the assays used for the studies. We tested 48 serum samples from patients with breast cancer and 37 serum samples from apparently healthy women. As the table below shows, there was no clear difference between PSA concentrations in cases and controls. Free PSA [fg/mL] (Median, IQR)cPSA [fg/mL] (Median, IQR)Free/cPSA (Median, IQR)Apparently Healthy (n = 37)150 (80-260)560 (210-1,500)0.29 (0.18-0.73)Breast Cancer (n = 48)90 (50-260)180 (90-480)0.36 (0.17-0.77)Breast Cancer, ER positive (n = 10)160 (80-660)170 (120-13,000)0.62 (0.22-1.8)Breast Cancer, HER2 positive (n = 10)160 (50-290)460 (110-8,300)0.10 (0.03-0.44)Breast Cancer, triple negative (n = 10)90 (40-370)140 (50-300)0.68 (0.34-1.9) In conclusion, we developed a next-generation assay format that is 100 to 1000 times more sensitive than the currently available clinical PSA assays. This enables accurate determination of free PSA and cPSA concentrations in the serum of females. Citation Format: Galina N. Nikolenko, Martin K. Stengelin, Laukik Sardesai, Eli N. Glezer, Jacob N. Wohlstadter. Accurate measurement of free and complexed PSA concentrations in serum of women using a novel technology with fg/mL sensitivity. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 2012. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-2012
An experimental system for grid meta-broker evaluation (2009)

Grid meta-broker is a key enabler in realizing the full potential of inter-operating grid computing systems. A challenge to properly evaluate the effectiveness of meta-brokers is the complexity of developing a realistic grid experimental environment. In this paper, this challenge is addressed by a unique combination of two approaches: using reduced workload traces to demonstrate the resource matching and scheduling functions of the meta-broker, and using emulation to provide a flexible and scalable modeling and management for local resources of a grid environment. Real workload traces are reduced while preserving their key workload characteristics to allow exploration of various dimensions of meta-broker functions in reasonable time. Evaluation of round-robin, queue-length, and utilization based meta-broker scheduling algorithms shows that they have different effects on various workloads.
Channel statistics for MIMO handsets in data mode (2014)

The presented work is based on a large dualband, dual-base outdoor-to-indoor multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel measurement campaign, involving ten different realistic MIMO handsets, held in data mode by eight test users. Various different use cases (UCs) are measured. Statistics on the channel capacity, mean effective gain (MEG), branch power ratio (BPR), and correlation coefficients between Rx, Tx, and cross-link channels are presented.
Probe exchange catheter used for angioplasty of total coronary artery occlusions (1990)

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) for total occlusions frequently fails, because the guidewire fails to pass the occlusion. With the use of the Probe exchange catheter (PEC), however, stiffness of the guidewire is increased and a higher pushability is obtained in order to manipulate the guidewire beyond the lesion. Once the guidewire has passed, the PEC is advanced and a non-over-the-wire dilatation catheter can be introduced through the PEC. This paper describes the technique in a representative case. The results of this technique in 19 consecutive patients with class III-IV/IV(NYHA) angina due to an occluded coronary artery are presented. In 16 patients the PEC reached the lesion (84%) and in all these patients the guidewire could pass the occlusion. A successful PTCA was performed in 14 patients (74%).