gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Safety enhanced li-ion and lithium metal battery cells having protected lithium electrodes with enhanced separator safety against dendrite shorting (2023)

Active metal and active metal intercalation electrode structures and battery cells having ionically conductive protective architecture including an active metal (e.g., lithium) conductive impervious layer separated from the electrode (anode) by a porous separator impregnated with a non-aqueous electrolyte (anolyte). This protective architecture prevents the active metal from deleterious reaction with the environment on the other (cathode) side of the impervious layer, which may include aqueous or non-aqueous liquid electrolytes (catholytes) and/or a variety electrochemically active materials, including liquid, solid and gaseous oxidizers. Safety additives and designs that facilitate manufacture are also provided.
Software for optimization of SNP and PCR-RFLP genotyping to discriminate many genomes with the fewest assays (2005)

This is the first software to optimize the selection of forensic markers to maximize information gained from the fewest assays, accepting whole or partial genome sequence data as input. As more sequence data becomes available for multiple strains and isolates of a species, automated, computational approaches such as those described here will be essential to make sense of large amounts of information, and to guide and optimize efforts in the laboratory. The software and source code for SPR Opt is publicly available and free for non-profit use at http://www.llnl.gov/IPandC/technology/software/softwaretitles/spropt.php.
<title>Enhanced temporal resolution with a scanning imaging radiometer</title> (1990)

The prcblem of a1iasir is catn to all video imagirg systems, both IR and visible. The 30 Hz frame rate (P5-170) places an upper lirait on frequency, so that repetitive enoiena that vary nore rapidly than 30 Hz will be aliased. For scenes where irvtion is involv1, the presence of aliasir is often thvious, as the ige will be distortel. Harever, when only teTrerature is varyirxj, the effects of aliasirx are difficult th detect. In fact, usir a conventional IR iitager, one cannot diStirUiSh whether a target is at thermal uilThrium, or its surface temperature is varTing faster than the fraite rate. We have develop1 a system which allcs repetitive thennal eventh at frequencies as high as 2 kllz to be flrg1 without aliasirx. The system functions as a video lock-in amplifier in that temperature caiponents of the scene which vary at a preselected frequency are anplifi&1, while other frequency ccaiponents of the target temperature average out over tine. A prototype unit, consisting of an unndified scanning imaging radiareter (Inframetrics IR-600), a E-T car!patible microcatputer, axxl specially developed interface hardware arxl software, has been built ard tested.
Standard Thermodynamic Functions of TripeptidesN-Formyl-l-methionyl-l-leucyl-l-phenylalaninol andN-Formyl-l-methionyl-l-leucyl-l-phenylalanine Methyl Ester (2014)

The heat capacities of tripeptides <i>N</i>-formyl-l-methionyl-l-leucyl-l-phenylalaninol (<i>N</i>-f-MLF-OH) and <i>N</i>-formyl-l-methionyl-l-leucyl-l-phenylalanine methyl ester (<i>N</i>-f-MLF-OMe) were measured by precision adiabatic vacuum calorimetry over the temperature range from <i>T</i> = (6 to 350) K. The tripeptides were stable over this temperature range, and no phase change, transformation, association, or thermal decomposition was observed. The standard thermodynamic functions: molar heat capacity <i>C</i><sub><i>p</i>,m</sub>, enthalpy <i>H</i>(<i>T</i>) - <i>H</i>(0), entropy <i>S</i>(<i>T</i>), and Gibbs energy <i>G</i>(<i>T</i>) - <i>H</i>(0) of peptides were calculated over the range from <i>T</i> = (0 to 350) K. The low-temperature (<i>T</i> ≤ 50 K) heat capacities dependencies were analyzed using the Debye's and the multifractal theories. The standard entropies of formation of peptides at <i>T</i> = 298.15 K were calculated.
Ab initiocharacterization of the mechanical and electronic properties ofβ-SiAlON (Si6−zAlzOzN8−z;z=0–5) (2005)

Following a brief review of the past work published on the structural and mechanical properties of the $\ensuremath{\beta}$-SiAlON crystal, an ab initio computational method is outlined, which was employed to investigate the material properties and electronic structure of the $\ensuremath{\beta}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathrm{Si}}_{6\ensuremath{-}z}{\mathrm{Al}}_{z}{\mathrm{O}}_{z}{\mathrm{N}}_{8\ensuremath{-}z}$, where $z=0\text{--}5$, single crystal configuration. Using data of preferred lattice configurations published previously, optimized lattice constants, elastic constants, the bulk modulus, bond length and angle, electronic band structure, and density of states were determined. The results, where possible, were compared to published works, with reasonable agreement obtained. The SiAlON system, for $z=0\text{--}5$, was found to exhibit lattice softening and the atomic structure was found to conserve directionality of the bond angles. Additionally, the bulk modulus was observed to decrease from 251 to 194 GPa, for $z=0$ to 5, respectively. The electronic structure exhibited a significant monotonic decrease in the band gap for an increasing $z$, along with a decrease observed for each $z$ configuration, as the applied strain was increased.
Causality Determination and Time Delay Extraction by Means of the Eigenfunctions of the Hilbert Transform (2008)

Frequency domain causality is determined by means of the Hilbert transform relating the imaginary part to the real part of the transfer function. Projecting on the eigenfunctions of the Hilbert transform leads to a simple and easily understood causality determination algorithm for measured (sampled) transfer functions. The causality determination algorithm can then easily be transformed into a delay estimation algorithm, by introducing a linearly varying phase factor. Several examples, both analytical and numerical, demonstrate the strength and accuracy of the proposed algorithm.
Secondary metabolism in simulated microgravity: ?-lactam production by Streptomyces clavuligerus (1997)

Rotating bioreactors designed at NASA's Johnson Space Center were used to simulate a microgravity environment in which to study secondary metabolism. The system examined was beta-lactam antibiotic production by Streptomyces clavuligerus. Both growth and beta-lactam production occurred in simulated microgravity. Stimulatory effects of phosphate and L-lysine, previously detected in normal gravity, also occurred in simulated microgravity. The degree of beta-lactam antibiotic production was markedly inhibited by simulated microgravity.
Inhibitors of HIV Infection via the Cellular CD4 Receptor (2006)

Recent advances in our understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms of viral penetration of the target cell have provided the basis for novel chemotherapy and prophylaxis of HIV-1 infections. This knowledge has been successfully applied to the development of inhibitors that target discrete steps of the entry process. Interesting approaches for prevention of HIV-1 entry include the use of small-molecule inhibitors, natural ligands and/or monoclonal antibodies that interfere with gp120/CD4 interaction. Other compounds acting by novel mechanisms have recently been identified as anti-HIV agents and seem worthy of further preclinical development. Of particular interest in this regard are cyclotriazadisulfonamide (CADA) compounds, which down-modulate the cellular receptor, CD4. A series of analogues of 9-benzyl-3-methylene-1,5-di-p-toluenesulfonyl-1,5,9-triazacyclododecane (CADA) has been synthesized and tested for CD4 down-modulation and anti-HIV activity. Some derivatives proved to be highly effective in decreasing cellular CD4 and in acting as HIV entry inhibitors. Three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) studies correlating molecular features with potency have been used to produce a computational model. This model can be used to design more potent CD4 down-modulating drugs for HIV therapy and prophylaxis. This review summarizes the results of recent studies relating to inhibitors of HIV infection via CD4 and discusses the therapeutic potential of targeting this cellular receptor. Special attention is given to our own work on small-molecule HIV entry inhibitors endowed with CD4 down-modulating properties.
A Complementary Bioinformatics Approach to Identify Potential Plant Cell Wall Glycosyltransferase-Encoding Genes (2004)

Plant cell wall (CW) synthesizing enzymes can be divided into the glycan (i.e. cellulose and callose) synthases, which are multimembrane spanning proteins located at the plasma membrane, and the glycosyltransferases (GTs), which are Golgi localized single membrane spanning proteins, believed to participate in the synthesis of hemicellulose, pectin, mannans, and various glycoproteins. At the Carbohydrate-Active enZYmes (CAZy) database where e.g. glucoside hydrolases and GTs are classified into gene families primarily based on amino acid sequence similarities, 415 Arabidopsis GTs have been classified. Although much is known with regard to composition and fine structures of the plant CW, only a handful of CW biosynthetic GT genes-all classified in the CAZy system-have been characterized. In an effort to identify CW GTs that have not yet been classified in the CAZy database, a simple bioinformatics approach was adopted. First, the entire Arabidopsis proteome was run through the Transmembrane Hidden Markov Model 2.0 server and proteins containing one or, more rarely, two transmembrane domains within the N-terminal 150 amino acids were collected. Second, these sequences were submitted to the SUPERFAMILY prediction server, and sequences that were predicted to belong to the superfamilies NDP-sugartransferase, UDP-glycosyltransferase/glucogen-phosphorylase, carbohydrate-binding domain, Gal-binding domain, or Rossman fold were collected, yielding a total of 191 sequences. Fifty-two accessions already classified in CAZy were discarded. The resulting 139 sequences were then analyzed using the Three-Dimensional-Position-Specific Scoring Matrix and mGenTHREADER servers, and 27 sequences with similarity to either the GT-A or the GT-B fold were obtained. Proof of concept of the present approach has to some extent been provided by our recent demonstration that two members of this pool of 27 non-CAZy-classified putative GTs are xylosyltransferases involved in synthesis of pectin rhamnogalacturonan II (J. Egelund, B.L. Petersen, A. Faik, M.S. Motawia, C.E. Olsen, T. Ishii, H. Clausen, P. Ulvskov, and N. Geshi, unpublished data).
Damping directly impacts flicker frequency noise of piezoelectric aluminum nitride resonators (2016)

This paper presents an analysis on the effect of damping on flicker frequency (1/f) noise of 1.1 GHz aluminum nitride (AlN) contour mode resonators (CMR). A total of 52 different AlN-CMRs are systemically designed and fabricated to give quality factors (Q) ranging from 300 to 3500, allowing the study of how two major damping mechanisms in AlN-CMRs, 1) anchor losses and 2) thermoelastic damping (TED), affect the resonator 1/f noise. In total, we have measured 104 CMRs and the results confirm that 1/f noise shows a clear power law dependence that is close to 1/Q3, independently of the main nature of the damping mechanism. Understanding and accounting for the effect of damping on 1/f noise is crucial for building ultra-low noise Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) resonators for sensing, timing, and frequency applications.
A Universal Bacteriophage T4 Nanoparticle Platform to Design Multiplex SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Candidates by CRISPR Engineering (2021)

Abstract A “universal” vaccine design platform that can rapidly generate multiplex vaccine candidates is critically needed to control future pandemics. Here, using SARS-CoV-2 pandemic virus as a model, we have developed such a platform by CRISPR engineering of bacteriophage T4. A pipeline of vaccine candidates were engineered by incorporating various viral components into appropriate compartments of phage nanoparticle structure. These include: expressible spike genes in genome, spike and envelope epitopes as surface decorations, and nucleocapsid proteins in packaged core. Phage decorated with spike trimers is found to be the most potent vaccine candidate in mouse and rabbit models. Without any adjuvant, this vaccine stimulated robust immune responses, both T H 1 and T H 2 IgG subclasses, blocked virus-receptor interactions, neutralized viral infection, and conferred complete protection against viral challenge. This new type of nanovaccine design framework might allow rapid deployment of effective phage-based vaccines against any emerging pathogen in the future.
Postoperative coma induced by hyponatremia after laparoscopy--a case report. (2000)

Hyponatremia is a common clinical entity which may occur during the course of many medical illnesses. However disastrous sequelae or even death may develop in young, generally healthy patients who receive simple elective surgery. Here we present a case of a 34-year-old female, without past history of cardiopulmonary or renal disease, after undergoing laparoscopic surgery developed mental status changes and lapsed into coma on the second postoperative day. She was found to have a serum sodium level of 110 mEq/L. After careful treatment and a protracted hospital stay, the patient recovered uneventfully. The pathophysiology of postoperative hyponatremia is discussed and attention is called to the special vulnerability of menstruant women who carry a much increased risk of mortality and morbidity associated with hyponatremia.
Carotid artery intima-media thickness measurement in children with normal and increased body mass index: a comparison of three techniques (2018)

The original version of this article contained a mistake in Fig. 1: The old version was used during figure processing instead of the replacement. The correct figure is shown below. The original article has been corrected.
Platform for Studying Self-Repairing Auto-Corrections in Mobile Text Entry based on Brain Activity, Gaze, and Context (2020)

Auto-correction is a standard feature of mobile text entry. While the performance of state-of-the-art auto-correct methods is usually relatively high, any errors that occur are cumbersome to repair, interrupt the flow of text entry, and challenge the user's agency over the process. In this paper, we describe a system that aims to automatically identify and repair auto-correction errors. This system comprises a multi-modal classifier for detecting auto-correction errors from brain activity, eye gaze, and context information, as well as a strategy to repair such errors by replacing the erroneous correction or suggesting alternatives. We integrated both parts in a generic Android component and thus present a research platform for studying self-repairing end-to-end systems. To demonstrate its feasibility, we performed a user study to evaluate the classification performance and usability of our approach.
Programmed graph reduction based on function granularity and its parallel implementation (2002)

This paper examines closely the implementation problems-code execution, global memory access, and graph distribution of the programmed graph reduction machine based on function granularity, and proposes their solutions. Our function-grained graph reduction machine enables tasks to reduce the graph nodes that represent function applications. Each processing element executes multiple tasks concurrently, and manages itself with its own image of the operating system. In the implementation of this machine, we represented a machine code as a macro instruction that calls a predefined program, and devised DSM system that makes PEs access a virtual global memory but delays sending the update to the remote page until execution of a machine code is terminated successfully. We used the dipstick scheduling strategy, which combines both the partition and the distribution strategies to allocate graph nodes to PEs. We also showed the evaluation results that are experimented on the prototype machine.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Constitutive exclusion of Csk from Hck-positive membrane microdomains permits Src kinase-dependent proliferation ofTheileria-transformed B lymphocytes (2003)

Infection of bovine T cells and B cells with the intracellular protozoan parasite Theileria parva induces a transformed phenotype with characteristics comparable to leukemic cells. The transformed phenotype reverts on drug-induced parasite death, and the cured lymphocytes acquire a resting phenotype and eventually die by apoptosis if not further stimulated. Here, we show that both lymphocyte proliferation and activation of the transcription factor AP-1 are mediated by Src-family protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) in a parasite-dependent fashion. Src-family PTKs are known to be present in glycolipid-enriched microdomains (GEMs), also called lipid rafts, and to be negatively regulated by PTK Csk complexed to tyrosine-phosphorylated transmembrane adapter protein PAG (phosphoprotein associated with GEMs) also called Cbp (Csk-binding protein). We, therefore, purified GEMs from proliferating infected B cells and from growth-arrested cells that had been drug-cured of parasites. Proliferation arrest led to a striking increase of PAG/Cbp expression; correspondingly, the amount of Csk associated with PAG/Cbp in GEMs increased markedly, whereas PTK Hck accumulation in GEM fractions did not alter on growth arrest. We propose that Theileria-induced lymphocyte proliferation and permanent activation of Hck stems from down-regulation of PAG/Cbp and the concomitant constitutive loss of the negative regulator Csk from the GEMs of transformed B cells.
Microglial Cells Prevent Hemorrhage in Neonatal Focal Arterial Stroke (2016)

Perinatal stroke leads to significant morbidity and long-term neurological and cognitive deficits. The pathophysiological mechanisms of brain damage depend on brain maturation at the time of stroke. To understand whether microglial cells limit injury after neonatal stroke by preserving neurovascular integrity, we subjected postnatal day 7 (P7) rats depleted of microglial cells, rats with inhibited microglial TGFbr2/ALK5 signaling, and corresponding controls, to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO). Microglial depletion by intracerebral injection of liposome-encapsulated clodronate at P5 significantly reduced vessel coverage and triggered hemorrhages in injured regions 24 h after tMCAO. Lack of microglia did not alter expression or intracellular redistribution of several tight junction proteins, did not affect degradation of collagen IV induced by the tMCAO, but altered cell types producing TGFβ1 and the phosphorylation and intracellular distribution of SMAD2/3. Selective inhibition of TGFbr2/ALK5 signaling in microglia via intracerebral liposome-encapsulated SB-431542 delivery triggered hemorrhages after tMCAO, demonstrating that TGFβ1/TGFbr2/ALK5 signaling in microglia protects from hemorrhages. Consistent with observations in neonatal rats, depletion of microglia before tMCAO in P9 Cx3cr1(GFP/+)/Ccr2(RFP/+) mice exacerbated injury and induced hemorrhages at 24 h. The effects were independent of infiltration of Ccr2(RFP/+) monocytes into injured regions. Cumulatively, in two species, we show that microglial cells protect neonatal brain from hemorrhage after acute ischemic stroke.
Quasi‐Monte Carlo integration for the inverse scattering internal multiple attenuation algorithm (2010)

Removal of multiples from seismic reflection data is an important preprocessing step before conventional seismic imaging and inversion in most onshore and offshore environments. while many methods have been developed and successfully used to remove free‐surface multiples, internal multiple attenuation remains a challenge when working in land and complex marine environments. The inverse scattering series (ISS) internal multiple algorithm is a data‐driven tool to predict all orders of internal multiples for all horizons at once, without requiring subsurface information. However, use of the multidimensional version of this algorithm has been limited due to high computational cost, which increases with the maximum output frequency in the prediction. Even with the recent advances in computer hardware, the cost of the multidimensional algorithm remains expensive. To overcome this problem, we use the quasi‐Monte Carlo integration technique that can significantly improve the computational efficiency of the multidimensional ISS internal multiple algorithm. The efficiency is improved by reducing the number of samples being evaluated and combining multiple integrals into a single summation.
Metric-Torsion Duality of Optically Chiral Structures (2019)

We develop a metric-torsion theory for chiral structures by using a generalized framework of transformation optics. We show that the chirality is uniquely determined by a metric with the local rotational degree of freedom. In analogy to the dislocation continuum, the chirality can be alternatively interpreted as the torsion tensor of a Riemann-Cartan space, which is mimicked by the anholonomy of the orthonormal basis. As a demonstration, we reveal the equivalence of typical three-dimensional chiral metamaterials in the continuum limit. Our theory provides an analytical recipe to design optical chirality.
ANALYSIS OF THE ISOPHOT FIR MAPS OF M 51 AND M 101 (1996)

The far-IR ISOPHOT maps of the spiral galaxies M 51 and M 101 at 60, 100, and at 175 m are analysed. For all areas in these galaxies the spectral energy distributions can be fitted with a single-temperature emission curve. Colours and dust temperatures were estimated for interesting sub-fields. The temperatures vary between 33 K for H ii regions, and 28 K for the disk, arm and interarm regimes.
Computationally Guided Identification of Allosteric Agonists of the Metabotropic Glutamate 7 Receptor (2018)

The metabotropic glutamate 7 (mGlu<sub>7</sub>) receptor belongs to the group III of mGlu receptors. Since the mGlu<sub>7</sub> receptor can control excitatory neurotransmission in the hippocampus and cortex, modulation of the receptor may have therapeutic benefit in several CNS diseases. However, mGlu<sub>7</sub> remains relatively unexplored among the eight known mGlu receptors partly because of the limited availability of tool compounds to interrogate its potential therapeutic utility. Here we report the discovery of a new class of mGlu<sub>7</sub> allosteric agonists. Hits originating from virtual screening were followed up with further analogue searching and screening, leading to a novel series of mGlu<sub>7</sub> allosteric agonists. Guided by docking into a structural model of the mGlu<sub>7</sub> receptor the initial hit 5 was successfully optimized to analogues with comparable potencies and more attractive drug-like attributes than AMN082.
Which New Health Technologies Do We Need to Achieve an End to HIV/AIDS? (2016)

In the last 15 years, antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been the most globally impactful lifesaving development of medical research. Antiretrovirals (ARVs) are used with great success for both the treatment and prevention of HIV infection. Despite these remarkable advances, this epidemic grows relentlessly worldwide. Over 2.1 million new infections occur each year, two-thirds in women and 240,000 in children. The widespread elimination of HIV will require the development of new, more potent prevention tools. Such efforts are imperative on a global scale. However, it must also be recognised that true containment of the epidemic requires the development and widespread implementation of a scientific advancement that has eluded us to date-a highly effective vaccine. Striving for such medical advances is what is required to achieve the end of AIDS.