gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Topological Antiferromagnetic Van der Waals Phase in Topological Insulator/Ferromagnet Heterostructures Synthesized by a CMOS‐Compatible Sputtering Technique (2022)

Abstract Breaking time‐reversal symmetry by introducing magnetic order, thereby opening a gap in the topological surface state bands, is essential for realizing useful topological properties such as the quantum anomalous Hall and axion insulator states. In this work, a novel topological antiferromagnetic (AFM) phase is created at the interface of a sputtered, c ‐axis‐oriented, topological insulator/ferromagnet heterostructure—Bi 2 Te 3 /Ni 80 Fe 20 because of diffusion of Ni in Bi 2 Te 3 (Ni‐Bi 2 Te 3 ). The AFM property of the Ni‐Bi 2 Te 3 interfacial layer is established by observation of spontaneous exchange bias in the magnetic hysteresis loop and compensated moments in the depth profile of the magnetization using polarized neutron reflectometry. Analysis of the structural and chemical properties of the Ni‐Bi 2 Te 3 layer is carried out using selected‐area electron diffraction, electron energy loss spectroscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. These studies, in parallel with first‐principles calculations, indicate a solid‐state chemical reaction that leads to the formation of Ni−Te bonds and the presence of topological antiferromagnetic (AFM) compound NiBi 2 Te 4 in the Ni‐Bi 2 Te 3 interface layer. The Neél temperature of the Ni‐Bi 2 Te 3 layer is ≈63 K, which is higher than that of typical magnetic topological insulators (MTIs). The presented results provide a pathway toward industrial complementary metal−oxide−semiconductor (CMOS)‐process‐compatible sputtered‐MTI heterostructures, leading to novel materials for topological quantum devices.
Investigating the microenvironmental effects of scaffold chemistry and topology in human mesenchymal stromal cell/polymeric hollow microfiber constructs (2016)

Tissue engineering scaffolds have shown an intrinsic ability to provide cellular stimulation, thus behaving as physically active microenvironments. This study reports on the interaction between human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) and dry-wet spun polymer microfiber meshes. The following scaffolding parameters were tested: i) polymer type: poly-L-lactide (PLLA) vs poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL); ii) non-solvent type: ethanol (Et-OH) vs isopropanol/ gelatin; iii) scaffold layout: patterned vs random microfiber fabrics. After two culture weeks, the effects on metabolic activity, scaffold colonization and function of undifferentiated hMSCs were assayed. In our study, the polymer type affected the hMSC metabolic activity timeline, and the metabolic picks occurred earlier in PLLA (day 6) than in PCL (day 9) scaffolds. Instead, PLLA vs PCL had no endpoint effect on alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity expression. On average, the hMSCs grown on all the random microfiber fabrics showed an ALP activity statistically superior to that detected on patterned microfiber fabrics, with the highest in Et-OH random subtypes. Such findings are suggestive of enhanced osteogenic potential. The understanding of scaffold-driven stimulation could enable environmental hMSC commitment, paving the way for new regenerative strategies.
Linguistic control in speech recognition (1987)

The syntax and semantics of natural language can provide essential structural information for recognition of multiward speech. A syntactic theory based on probability-weighted context-free grammars and a Bayesian treatment of uncertainty is advanced, and then extended to take account of semantic restrictions on word combinations. A fast parser for this structure is described. For applications in speech recognition, the parser can interact with the pattern-matching hardware through lists of speech-elements with prior and posterior probabilities, and maintains those sentences which are compatible both with . the input data and with the grammar with high probability.
Effect of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist, SR141716, on nociceptive response and nerve demyelination in rodents with chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve (2005)

Many reports have shown the efficacy of cannabinoid agonists in chronic pain, whereas no report exists concerning the potential effect of cannabinoid antagonists following prolonged treatment. We tested the effects of repeated administration of the selective cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) antagonist, SR141716 (rimonabant), in rats with chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve (CCI), an animal model of neuropathic pain. The repeated oral administration of SR141716 (1, 3 and 10 mg/kg, once a day for 1 week, from day 7 after the injury) dose dependently attenuated both thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia. A similar effect was observed in CCI wild-type mice, whereas SR141716 was unable to elicit pain relief in CB1 knockout mice, suggesting CB1 receptors involvement in the SR141716-induced antihyperalgesia. The antihyperalgesic activity of SR141716 was associated with a significant reduction of several pro-inflammatory and pro-nociceptive mediators such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), prostaglandin-E2 (PGE2), lipoperoxide and nitric oxide (NO) levels. The histological analysis of sciatic nerve sections showed a marked degeneration of myelinated fibers in CCI rats, which was substantially reduced after repeated administration of SR141716. This suggests that the compound may favour myelin repair and consequently promote long-lasting functional recovery. This was confirmed by the maintenance of recovery for at least four weeks after treatment discontinuation. In conclusion, the present findings suggest that SR141716 is effective not only in alleviating neuropathic pain but also in favouring the nerve myelin repair.
High‐strength and low‐stiffness composites of nanoclay‐filled thermoplastic polyurethanes (2005)

Abstract In this study, bulk polymerized clay‐tethered thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) composites were synthesized that offered much improved tensile strength with negligible changes in tensile modulus. These composites contained intercalated, tethered layered silicate particles and were synthesized by mixing low molecular weight prepolymer chains containing unreacted –NCO groups with reactive layered silicate clay followed by catalyzed chain extension reaction with butanediol. The molar ratio of –NCO and –OH functional groups in the composite was varied between 1.0 and 1.2. It was found that an appreciable amount of –NCO groups was consumed in reaction with moisture present in the clay and some in quaternary ammonium ion‐catalyzed dimerization and trimerization. Composites with –NCO to –OH molar ratio 1.1 provided the best improvement in mechanical properties—the composite with 5 wt% clay provided a 60% increase in tensile strength and 50% increase in strain at break, while the tensile modulus increased only by 15% over TPU. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 45:1532–1539, 2005. © 2005 Society of Plastics Engineers
Dimensionally driven crossover from semimetal to direct semiconductor in layered SbAs (2019)

Two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted a great deal of attention because they exhibit intriguing physical and chemical properties with great potential applications in electronic and optoelectronic devices, and even energy conversion. Due to the high anisotropy and unique crystal structure of layered materials, the properties can be effectively tuned by simply reducing dimensions to 2D. In this work, a unique 2D semiconductor, namely, monolayered SbAs, with high stability and indirect band gap, is predicted on the basis of first-principles calculations together with cluster expansion and Monte Carlo simulations. Interestingly, although the bulk antimony arsenide compound SbAs is known to exhibit semimetallic behavior, our calculations find that it is transformed into a direct semiconductor with a band gap of 1.28 eV when thinned down to a single atomic layer. The monolayer with antisite defects is transformed from indirect into a direct band-gap semiconductor. Such dramatic changes in the electronic structure could pave the way for SbAs to play a role in electronic device applications. Moreover, we find that the interlayer interactions in SbAs lead to a higher exfoliation energy than typical transition metal dichalcogenides such as $\mathrm{Mo}{\mathrm{S}}_{2}$, and hence we suggest that chemical deposition methods might be better than mechanical exfoliation methods for obtaining monolayer samples.
Norian SRS Cement Augmentation in Hip Fracture Treatment (1998)

Bone quality, initial fracture displacement, severity of fracture comminution, accuracy of fracture reduction, and the placement of the internal fixation device are important factors that affect fixation stability. New high strength cements that are susceptible to remodeling and replacement for fracture fixation may lead to improved clinical outcome in the treatment of hip fractures. Norian SRS is an injectable, fast setting cement that cures in vivo to form an osteoconductive carbonated apatite of high compressive strength (55 MPa) with chemical and physical characteristics similar to the mineral phase of bone. It can be used as a space filling internal fixation device to facilitate the geometric reconstruction, load transfer, and healing of bone with defects and/or fractures in regions of cancellous bone. Furthermore, this cement can improve the mechanical holding strength of conventional fixation devices. Use of this material potentially could improve fracture stability, retain anatomy during fracture healing and improve hip function, thus achieving better clinical outcomes. In vivo animal studies have shown the material's biocompatibility, and cadaveric studies have shown the biomechanical advantage of its use in hip fractures. Initial clinical experience (in 52 femoral neck fractures and 39 intertrochanteric fractures) showed the potential clinical use of this innovative cement in the treatment of hip fractures.
Hyphodontal, a New Antifungal Inhibitor of Reverse Transcriptases from Hyphodontia sp. (Corticiaceae, Basidiomycetes) (1994)

In a search for inhibitors of RNA-directed DNA polymerases a new isolactarane sesquiterpenoid, hyphodontal (1), was isolated from fermentations of a Canadian Hyphodontia species. Its structure was elucidated by spectroscopic methods. Hyphodontal strongly inhibits the growth of several yeasts and is a non-competitive inhibitor of avian myeloblastosis virus (Ki 346 microM) and Moloney murine leukemia virus (Ki 112 microM) reverse transcriptases. In addition, cytotoxic and antifungal activities were observed.
Overlooked Factors Required for Electrolyte Solvents in Li–O2 Batteries: Capabilities of Quenching 1O2 and Forming Highly‐Decomposable Li2O2 (2022)

Abstract Although sufficient tolerance against attack by superoxide radicals (O 2 − ) has been mainly recognized as an important property for Li–O 2 battery (LOB) electrolytes, recent evidence has revealed that other critical factors also govern the cyclability, prompting a reconsideration of the basic design guidelines of LOB electrolytes. Here, we found that LOBs equipped with a N , N‐ dimethylacetamide (DMA)‐based electrolyte exhibited better cyclability compared with other standard LOB electrolytes. This superior cyclability is attributable to the capabilities of quenching 1 O 2 and forming highly decomposable Li 2 O 2 . The 1 O 2 quenching capability is equivalent to that of a tetraglyme‐based electrolyte containing a several millimolar concentration of a typical chemical quencher. Based on these overlooked factors, the DMA‐based electrolyte led to superior cyclability despite its lower O 2 − tolerance. Thus, the present work provides a novel design guideline for the development of LOB electrolytes.
Scalable hierarchical wood/ZnO nanohybrids for efficient mechanical energy conversion (2023)

Owing to the hierarchical structure, easy multi-functionalization and favorable mechanical properties, wood could harvest electricity from mechanical energy through piezoelectric behavior. In this work, a scalable method to synthesize wood/ZnO composite with multilayered ZnO morphologies is reported for efficient mechanical energy conversion. The synthesis includes charged wood template fabrication, precursor infiltration, and ZnO hydrothermal growth, resulting in controlled ZnO morphologies and distributions while maintaining the hierarchical structure of the wood. Stereo-digital image correlation (stereo-DIC) investigated the relationship between deformation and piezoelectric performance, which revealed the homogeneous distribution of multilayered ZnO enhance piezoelectric performance. The output voltage of wood/ZnO was 1.5 V under periodic mechanical compression (8–10 N) for 300 cycles, while the output current was 2.91 nA. The scalable synthesis strategy and piezoelectric performance are significant for the design of advanced wood nanocomposites for sustainable and efficient energy conversion systems.
The flavonoid fisetin promotes osteoblasts differentiation through Runx2 transcriptional activity (2014)

Bone sparing properties of fisetin also rely on its positive influence on osteoblast differentiation and activity.
Using near-infrared spectroscopy and a random forest regressor to estimate intracranial pressure (2022)

This study provides a proof of concept for the use of NIRS in noninvasive ICP estimation.
Control surface buzz analysis of a generic NASP wing (2001)

This paper presents a comparison of two computational fluid dynamics codes for control surface buzz problem. The analysis is based on a previously tested generic NASP configuration. The codes being evaluated are a transonic small disturbance code with an interactive boundary layer and an Euler / Navier-Stokes code. Computed buzz boundaries are compared with available wind tunnel test data. In general, computed buzz boundaries are in good agreement with the test data.
Pegylated arginine deiminase lowers hepatitis C viral titers and inhibits nitric oxide synthesis (2006)

Reduction of extracellular arginine by ADI-SS PEG 20,000 mw in HCC patients reduces HCV viral titers and improves liver function, possibly through suppression of NO.
A Call for Rigorous SCS Studies (2011)

Departments of Neurosurgery and Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD The author has nothing to declare.
Leakage inductance calculation of complex transformer constructions based on a simple two-coil inductor model (2006)

The paper presents a set of systematic matrices operation derived from Kirchhoff's Node Law with the base of a simple two-coil inductor model to deduce leakage inductances of windings seen from the schematic point of view. This method provides a platform in calculating leakage inductances of complex transformer structures. Its robustness covers different kinds of concentric winding structures where by getting accurate values of mutual inductances between all combinations of winding elements in a pair-wise sense, accurate leakage inductances can be deduced through the matrices operation without any computational simulations. In essence, such operation reduces lots of difficult magnetic problems within a transformer into determination of mutual and self inductances of winding elements through a simple two-coil inductor model. The approach has been implemented on PowerESIM [5] [6], a web base server type power converter design program, for reader to test.
Synthesis of LTCC multi-band bandpass filter using reflection and transmission zeros (2014)

In this paper, a multi-band bandpass filter (BPF) based on a novel architecture and design method is presented. Very uniquely, its multi-band frequency response is synthesized by giving the transmission- and reflection-zero frequencies. To verify the proposed method, a miniaturized dual-band BPF is implemented using low-temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) technology. The size of filter is 2.0 mm × 1.25 mm × 1.0 mm with the two passbands at 2.4–2.5 GHz and 5.15–5.35 GHz for WLAN applications. Comparison of the filter S-parameters obtained by the synthesized prototype circuit, post-layout simulation and measurement shows good correlation.
Building teams to create innovative new vaccines (2018)

My fascination with life and its natural enemies – pathogens – started in my youth. I grew up on a cattle farm, run by my uncle after my father passed away when I was only 2½ years old. Seeing my u...
Dynamic and specific interaction between synaptic NR2-NMDA receptor and PDZ proteins (2010)

The relative content of NR2 subunits in the NMDA receptor confers specific signaling properties and plasticity to synapses. However, the mechanisms that dynamically govern the retention of synaptic NMDARs, in particular 2A-NMDARs, remain poorly understood. Here, we investigate the dynamic interaction between NR2 C termini and proteins containing PSD-95/Discs-large/ZO-1 homology (PDZ) scaffold proteins at the single molecule level by using high-resolution imaging. We report that a biomimetic divalent competing ligand, mimicking the last 15 amino acids of NR2A C terminus, specifically and efficiently disrupts the interaction between 2A-NMDARs, but not 2B-NMDARs, and PDZ proteins on the time scale of minutes. Furthermore, displacing 2A-NMDARs out of synapses lead to a compensatory increase in synaptic NR2B-NMDARs, providing functional evidence that the anchoring mechanism of 2A- or 2B-NMDARs is different. These data reveal an unexpected role of the NR2 subunit divalent arrangement in providing specific anchoring within synapses, highlighting the need to study such dynamic interactions in native conditions.
Phase II Development of a Non-Proprietary, Four- Cable, High Tension Median Barrier (2012)

During the last decade, the use of cable median barriers has risen dramatically. Cable barriers are often utilized in depressed medians with widths ranging from 30 to 50 ft (9.1 to 15.2 m) and with fill slopes as steep as 4H:1V. Although cable barriers have been shown to contain and redirect many heavy trucks, a careful review of accident records has indicated that passenger vehicles do occasionally penetrate through the standard 3-cable median barrier and enter opposing traffic lanes. As a result, the Midwest States Pooled Fund Program sponsored a research and development project to improve the safety performance of existing, non-proprietary, cable median barriers. These safety improvements included increased cable spacing, increased cable height, the use of four cables, increased cable tension, and optimized cable attachment to posts. Three Test Level 3 crash tests were performed on a four-cable, high-tension median barrier placed in a 46-ft (14.0-m) wide, 4H:1V V-ditch. All tests were conducted according to the safety performance guidelines provided in the Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware (MASH). The first test utilized a 2270P pickup truck impacting the barrier placed on a downslope and 12 ft (3.7 m) laterally away from the front slope break point. The vehicle was contained and redirected by the barrier and deemed acceptable according to the MASH guidelines. The second test utilized a 1100C small car impacting the barrier placed 27 ft (8.2 m) laterally away from the front slope breakpoint or 4 ft (1.2 m) up the back slope of the V-ditch. During the second test, the small car impacted the ditch bottom with a soft-soil condition and began to plow into the soil, thus causing moderate decelerations and velocity change before contacting the barrier and a marginal impact performance. The third test utilized a 1100C small car impacting the barrier in the same position as used in the second test. During the third test, the small car impacted the ditch bottom with a hard-soil condition and was contained by the barrier. However, excessive roof crush resulted when one of the cables slide up the vehicle and later snagged on the cable-to-post attachment hardware, thus resulting in a failed test. Design modifications are anticipated in a Phase II R&D effort.
Novel single-sided ferrite-less magnetic coupler for roadway EV charging (2015)

This paper introduces a new ferrite-less magnetic structure for roadway charging of Electric Vehicles (EVs). Most of the existing magnetic pads for roadside EV charging rely on ferrimagnetic materials to produce single-sided flux and boost power levels while minimizing undesired field emissions and losses. But the properties that roadway pads must have are mechanical robustness coupled with the ability to throw single-sided, high arching flux while being subjected to stringent conditions under asphalt, bitumen, or concrete. Ferrite is very brittle and expensive and its performance under transient forces when buried under a roadway is questionable. This new ferrite-less magnetic coupler is proposed as a primary pad for roadway EV charging. Simulated and experimental results are shown, followed by a discussion on its capabilities, limitations, and possible updates.
An Integrative Approach to STEM Concepts in an Introductory Neuroscience Course: Gains in Interdisciplinary Awareness. (2017)

Neuroscience is an integrative discipline for which students must achieve broad-based proficiency in many of the sciences. We are motivated by the premise that student pursuit of proficiency in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) can be supported by awareness of the application of knowledge and tools from the various disciplines for solving complex problems. We refer to this awareness as "interdisciplinary awareness." Faculty from biology, chemistry, mathematics/computer science, physics, and psychology departments contributed to a novel integrative introductory neuroscience course with no pre-requisites. STEM concepts were taught in "flipped" class modules throughout the semester: Students viewed brief videos and completed accompanying homework assignments independently. In subsequent class meetings, students applied the STEM concepts to understand nervous system structure and function through engaged learning activities. The integrative introduction to neuroscience course was compared to two other courses to test the hypothesis that it would lead to greater gains in interdisciplinary awareness than courses that overlap in content but were not designed for this specific goal. Data on interdisciplinary awareness were collected using previously published tools at the beginning and end of each course, enabling within-subject analyses. Students in the integrative course significantly increased their identification of scientific terms as relevant to neuroscience in a term-discipline relevance survey and increased their use of terms related to levels of analysis (e.g., molecular, cellular, systems) in response to an open-ended prompt. These gains were seen over time within the integrative introduction to neuroscience course as well as relative to the other two courses.
Modeling Efficiency of InAs-Based Near-Field Thermophotovoltaic Devices (2021)

Enormous potential lies in waste-heat recycling for the world’s industrial sector. Portable solid-state modules are a universal low-maintenance method to recycle this waste-heat. One such technology, near-field thermophotovoltaics (NFTPV), relies on a heat source in extreme proximity (<200 nm) to a photovoltaic cell, which then generates electricity. We developed an optoelectronic model where electron-hole pair generation rates are calculated using fluctuation electrodynamics, which we input into an electrical model based in Synopsys TCAD Sentaurus. Using our optoelectronic model, we optimized a novel InAs-based NFTPV device for a 700 K radiator 100 nm away from the PV cell with an efficiency reaching ~17%, more than an order of magnitude higher than current NFTPV device efficiencies.