gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
R-HINT-E: a realistic hearing in noise test environment (2004)

With the advent of cheap, low-power digital signal processors, it has been possible to develop hearing aids that utilize DSP technology. It is essential that the algorithms instantiated on these hearing aids be evaluated in a standard fashion with regards to both engineering and perceptual criteria. However, currently available hearing in noise tests do not allow for the range of signals or environments that are of interest to the designer of hearing aid algorithms. In addition, virtual audio environments have recently been suggested (Shinn-Cunningham, B.G., 20th Int. Conf. of the IEEE Engineering in Biology and Medicine Society, 1998) as a potential tool for the auditory science community. To address the needs of both engineering and clinical evaluation, we propose a flexible, software based virtual acoustic environment capable of realistically simulating a wide variety of scenarios.
Single photon avalanche photodiodes for near-infrared photon counting (2008)

InP-based single photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) have proven to be the most practical solution currently available for many applications requiring high-performance photon counting at near-infrared wavelengths between 1.0 and 1.6 µm. We describe recent progress in the design, characterization, and modeling of InP-based SPADs, particularly with respect to the dark count rate vs. photon detection efficiency metric of devices optimized for use at both 1.55 &mu;m and 1.06 &mu;m. In this context, we report for the first time dark count probabilities as low as 7 x 10-7 ns-1 for fiber-coupled 1.55 &mu;m SPADs operated at 20% detection efficiency and 215 K. Additionally, because of the critical role played by afterpulsing in limiting photon counting rates, we describe recent characterization of the dependence of afterpulsing effects on SPAD operating conditions such as photon detection efficiency, repetition rate, and bias gate length.
MCL-1 gains occur with high frequency in lung adenocarcinoma and can be targeted therapeutically (2020)

Evasion of programmed cell death represents a critical form of oncogene addiction in cancer cells. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underpinning cancer cell survival despite the oncogenic stress could provide a molecular basis for potential therapeutic interventions. Here we explore the role of pro-survival genes in cancer cell integrity during clonal evolution in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We identify gains of MCL-1 at high frequency in multiple independent NSCLC cohorts, occurring both clonally and subclonally. Clonal loss of functional TP53 is significantly associated with subclonal gains of MCL-1. In mice, tumour progression is delayed upon pharmacologic or genetic inhibition of MCL-1. These findings reveal that MCL-1 gains occur with high frequency in lung adenocarcinoma and can be targeted therapeutically.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Facile Procedure for the Preparation of Pyrrolo(2,1‐c)(1,4) benzodiazepines: Synthesis of the Antibiotic DC‐81 and Its Thio Analogue. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Hepatic Nuclear Receptor Expression Associates with Features of Histology in Pediatric Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (2018)

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease in children and adults. This study examined the relationship between hepatic nuclear receptor (NR) expression and histologic features of NAFLD. Drugs targeting a variety of NRs for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are in clinical trials. Liver messenger RNA was isolated from 40 children (10-19 years) undergoing end-of-treatment biopsy in the Treatment of NAFLD in Children (TONIC) trial. High-throughput quantitative polymerase chain reaction assayed NR messenger RNA. Cluster analysis was used to group 36 NRs, and NR levels were related to histologic measures of specific NAFLD features. Cluster analysis determined five groupings of NRs. Significant (<i>P <</i> 0.05) differential expressions of specific NRs associated with histologic measures include farnesoid X receptor alpha and retinoic acid receptor (RARβ and RARβ) for steatosis; estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 3 (PPARγ3) for hepatocellular ballooning; ER and PPARγ2 for lobular inflammation; PPARα/δ/γ1/γ2, ERα, constitutive androstane receptor, chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor 1, RARα, RARβ1, retinoid X receptor, pregnane X receptor, thyroid hormone receptors α and β, and nuclear receptor related-1 for fibrosis; and ERα and RARβ/β1/α for diagnosis of NASH. <i>Conclusion</i>: Differential expression of specific NRs correlates with histologic severity of specific NAFLD features. These NRs are pleiotropic transactivators regulating basal metabolic functions and inflammatory responses. Derangement of activity of these receptors in NAFLD provides a rationale for exploiting their ability with receptor-specific ligands to ameliorate NASH and its consequences.
Functional Characterization of Class Ia- and Non-Class Ia-Restricted Chlamydia-Reactive CD8+ T Cell Responses in Humans (2003)

CD8(+) T cells are a key immune component for the eradication of many intracellular pathogens. This study aims to characterize the human CD8(+) T cell response to naturally processed chlamydial Ags in individuals exposed to the intracellular pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis. By using C. trachomatis-infected autologous dendritic cells (DCs) as stimulators, Chlamydia-reactive CD8(+) T cell responses were detected in all 10 individuals tested. The majority of the Chlamydia-reactive CD8(+) T cells were non-MHC class Ia restricted in all three of the individuals tested. From one donor, three non-class Ia-restricted and two class Ia-restricted Chlamydia-specific CD8(+) T cells were cloned and characterized further. All five T cell clones secreted IFN-gamma in response to autologous DCs infected with viable Chlamydia, but not with DCs pulsed with inactivated chlamydial elementary bodies. MHC class Ia-restricted and non-class Ia-restricted responses were inhibited by DC treatment with a proteasomal inhibitor and an endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi transport inhibitor, suggesting that these T cells recognize a peptide Ag translocated to the host cell cytosol during infection that is processed via the classical class Ia Ag-processing pathway. Even though both restricted and nonrestricted CD8(+) T cells produced IFN-gamma in response to Chlamydia-infected fibroblasts, only the non-class Ia-restricted cells were lytic for these targets. The class Ia-restricted CTLs, however, were capable of cytolysis as measured by redirected killing. Collectively, these data demonstrate that both class Ia-restricted and non-classically restricted CD8(+) T cells are elicited in C. trachomatis-exposed individuals. Their role in host immunity remains to be elucidated.
Optimal dimensions of cone and pyramid moth-eye structures for $\mathrm{SiO}_{2}$ windows (2023)

We computationally investigate the transmission efficiency through moth-eye nanostructures that are fabricated on $\mathrm{SiO}_{2}$ windows in the wavelength range from 0.4 to 2 $\mathrm{μm}$. We investigated both truncated cones and truncated pyramids, and we varied the height, bottom width, and top width of these shapes in order to maximize the transmission efficiency. We found that there is no substantial difference in transmission between truncated cone and pyramid structures. Using the constraints from the current achievable experimental limits, a relatively uniform transmission coefficient of larger than 98.8% can be obtained from 0.4 $\mathrm{μm}$ to 2 $\mathrm{μm}$. These transmission results are only 0.4% in absolute value lower than the transmission of a structure that is not constrained by current experimental limits.
The Rational Design of a Single‐Component Photocatalyst for Gas‐Phase CO2 Reduction Using Both UV and Visible Light (2014)

<b>The solar-to-chemical energy conversion of greenhouse gas CO<sub>2</sub> into carbon-based fuels</b> is a very important research challenge, with implications for both climate change and energy security. Herein, the key attributes of hydroxides and oxygen vacancies are experimentally identified in non-stoichiometric indium oxide nanoparticles, In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3-x</sub>(OH)<sub>y</sub>, that function in concert to reduce CO<sub>2</sub> to CO under simulated solar irradiation.
PART I: CLASSIFICATION OF ION STRUCTURE BY COMPARATIVE ION-MOLECULE REACTION CHEMISTRY: ION-MOLECULE REACTION CHEMISTRY OF SELECTED GAS-PHASE BENZENE RADICAL CATIONS. PART II: GAS-PHASE IONIC CYCLOADDITION CHEMISTRY. PART III: A STUDY OF SELECTED UNIMOLECULAR REARRANGEMENT REACTIONS OF GAS-PHASE IONS. (1978)

Abstract not available
Effect of variable left ventricular vertical orientation on planar myocardial perfusion images. (1986)

Differences in vertical orientation of the left ventricle within the chest cavity cannot be corrected by gamma camera positioning. The effect of variations in vertical angulation on the appearance of the diagnostically important left anterior oblique (LAO) view has not been previously evaluated. In the current study, a computer simulation of a normal left ventricle was created and "imaged," varying only the degree of vertical rotation. The effect of six vertical positions on the LAO image was assessed visually and with horizontal and circumferential profile analysis. Results indicate a homogenous distribution of counts in the horizontal views. With increasing verticality, there are fewer counts in the valve plane, while the inferoapex initially increases in count density, and then progressively decreases. Quantification revealed count variations of up to 37% in the valve plane and 45% in the inferoapex due entirely to differences in vertical orientation of the left ventricular simulation. A survey of 167 patients who underwent routine stress thallium imaging showed a vertical angulation that varied from 7 degrees to 64 degrees (mean = 37 degrees) as determined from the anterior view. Clinical images were similar in appearance to computer generated images after correction for anterior view foreshortening. The present study suggests that the accuracy of current quantitative thallium methods to detect coronary artery disease might be enhanced by the use of a revised set of normal standards corrected for vertical orientation of the left ventricle.
ChemInform Abstract: Accessing Drug Metabolites via Transition‐Metal Catalyzed C—H Oxidation: The Liver as Synthetic Inspiration (2016)

Abstract Review: [87 refs.
Physical Properties of Low-Molecular Weight Polydimethylsiloxane Fluids (2017)

Physical property measurements including viscosity, density, thermal conductivity, and heat capacity of low-molecular weight polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) fluids were measured over a wide temperature range (-50°C to 150°C when possible). Properties of blends of 1 cSt and 20 cSt PDMS fluids were also investigated. Uncertainties in the measurements are cited. These measurements will provide greater fidelity predictions of environmental sensing device behavior in hot and cold environments.
Manipulation of spectral amplitude and phase with plasmonic nano-structures for information storage (2014)

Optical storage devices, such as compact disk (CD) and digital versatile disc (DVD), provide us a platform for cheap and compact information storage media. Nowadays, information we obtain every day keeps increasing, and therefore how to increase the storage capacity becomes an important issue. In this paper, we reported a method for the increase of the capacity of optical storage devices using metallic nano-structures. Metallic nano-structures exhibit strong variations in their reflectance and/or transmittance spectra accompanied with dramatic optical phase modulation due to localized surface plasmon polariton resonances. Two samples were fabricated for the demonstration of storage capacity enhancement through amplitude modulation and phase modulation, respectively. This work is promising for high-density optical storage.
Current penile-rehabilitation strategies: Clinical evidence (2013)

We review the current strategies used for penile rehabilitation (PR) after a radical prostatectomy, where PR is defined as the attempt to restore spontaneous erectile function so that the patient can generate erections with no need for erectile aids. We searched PubMed for relevant reports, using the keywords 'radical prostatectomy', 'penile rehabilitation', 'phosphodiesterase inhibitors', 'vacuum erection device', 'injection therapy', 'urethral suppository', and 'erectile dysfunction'. In all, 155 articles were identified and reviewed, and had a level of evidence ranging from 1b-4. The use of PR strategies should be based on the patient's goals after a thorough explanation of realistic expectations, and the risks and consequences of the various treatment options. While a multitude of studies suggest a benefit with PR strategies, there are no established, proven regimens. Further research is needed to establish the optimal approaches to PR.
Human Host Defense Peptide LL-37 Prevents Bacterial Biofilm Formation (2008)

The ability to form biofilms is a critical factor in chronic infections by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and has made this bacterium a model organism with respect to biofilm formation. This study describes a new, previously unrecognized role for the human cationic host defense peptide LL-37. In addition to its key role in modulating the innate immune response and weak antimicrobial activity, LL-37 potently inhibited the formation of bacterial biofilms in vitro. This occurred at the very low and physiologically meaningful concentration of 0.5 microg/ml, far below that required to kill or inhibit growth (MIC = 64 microg/ml). LL-37 also affected existing, pregrown P. aeruginosa biofilms. Similar results were obtained using the bovine neutrophil peptide indolicidin, but no inhibitory effect on biofilm formation was detected using subinhibitory concentrations of the mouse peptide CRAMP, which shares 67% identity with LL-37, polymyxin B, or the bovine bactenecin homolog Bac2A. Using microarrays and follow-up studies, we were able to demonstrate that LL-37 affected biofilm formation by decreasing the attachment of bacterial cells, stimulating twitching motility, and influencing two major quorum sensing systems (Las and Rhl), leading to the downregulation of genes essential for biofilm development.
Babesiosis: malaria mimic. (1978)

Human infection with blood parasites of the genus Babesia can result in a hemolytic disease very similar to malaria. Laboratory diagnosis of babesiosis is dependent upon the detection and identification of the parasite in blood films. The distinguishing criteria are: lack of pigment in infected red blood cells; no circulating schizonts or gametocytes; "atypical" malarialike organisms; tetrad groups, rods, or exclamation-mark forms; and persisting parasitemia after treatment for malaria.
Replay in Deep Learning: Current Approaches and Missing Biological Elements (2021)

Replay is the reactivation of one or more neural patterns, which are similar to the activation patterns experienced during past waking experiences. Replay was first observed in biological neural networks during sleep, and it is now thought to play a critical role in memory formation, retrieval, and consolidation. Replay-like mechanisms have been incorporated into deep artificial neural networks that learn over time to avoid catastrophic forgetting of previous knowledge. Replay algorithms have been successfully used in a wide range of deep learning methods within supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning paradigms. In this paper, we provide the first comprehensive comparison between replay in the mammalian brain and replay in artificial neural networks. We identify multiple aspects of biological replay that are missing in deep learning systems and hypothesize how they could be utilized to improve artificial neural networks.
Supplementary Figures 1 - 4 from Targeting the Transposase Domain of the DNA Repair Component Metnase to Enhance Chemotherapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 670K, Figure S1. The composite approach for in silico compound selection. Figure S2. Superposition of the 3D structures of Metnase (model, blue) and MOS-1 active sites (2F7T, orange). Figure S3. Comparison between two metnase structures Figure S4. Electrostatic surface of the metnase Transposase domain.&lt;/p&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: Dibromotriphenylphosphorane‐Promoted Synthesis of Condensed Heterocyclic Systems from Aromatic Diamines. (1989)

Abstract The synthesis of different fused heterocyclic systems such as (II), (IV), (VI), (VIII), and (X) from cyclic imides is described using dibromotriphenylphosphorane.
High-Dynamic-Range Autocorrelation Measurement of Amplified Pulses. (1998)

We characterize 25-fs pulses from a Ti: sapphire multipass amplifier system using the high-dynamic-range third-harmonic-generation autocorrelation technique, which enables us toobserve the asymmetry of amplified pulses. We have succeeded in suppressing the background on the leading edge using positive-third-orderdispersion chirped mirrors.
Sintering of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Materials (2006)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Carbon Monoxide, Nitric Oxide, and Nitrogen Dioxide Levels in Gas Ovens Related to Surface Pinking of Cooked Beef and Turkey (1998)

Carbon monoxide (CO) and total nitrogen oxide (NO(x)()) levels were monitored during meat cookery with a standard Ovenpak and a new ultralow-NO(x)() (ULN) cyclonic gas burner. With the standard burner, CO varied from 103 to 152 ppm, NO(x)() was 1.3-10.7 ppm, and surface pinking was observed on both beef and turkey. The ULN burner at optimal efficiency produced only 6.7 ppm of CO and 1 ppm of NO(x)(), insufficient to cause surface pinking. To determine the relative contribution of CO and NO(x)() to pinking, trials were also conducted in an electric oven with various pure gases. Pinking was not observed with up to 149 ppm of CO or 5 ppm of NO. However, as little as 0.4 ppm of nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)) caused pinking of turkey rolls. Beef roasts were pink at >2.5 ppm of NO(2). Thus, pinking previously attributed to CO and NO in gas ovens is instead due to NO(2), which has much greater reactivity than NO with moisture at meat surfaces.
<title>Embryonic lineage analysis using three-dimensional, time-lapse in-vivo fluorescent microscopy</title> (1990)

Drosophila melanogaster has become one of the most extensively studied organisms because of its amenability to genetic analysis. Unfortunately, the biochemistry and cell biology ofDrosophila has lagged behind. To this end we have been microinjecting fluorescently labelled proteins into the living embryo and observing the behavior of these proteins to determine their role in the cell cycle and development. Imaging of these fluorescent probes is an extremely important element to this form of analysis. We have taken advantage of the sensitivity and well behaved characteristics of the charge coupled device (CCD) camera in conjunction with digital image enhancement schemes to produce highly accurate images of these fluorescent probes in vivo. One of our major goals is to produce a detailed map of cell fate so that we can understand how fate is determined and maintained. In order produce such a detailed map, protocols for following the movements and mitotic behavior of a large number of cells in three dimensions over relatively long periods of time were developed. We will present our results using fluorescently labelled histone proteins as a marker for nuclear location1. In addition, we will also present our initial results using a photoactivatable analog of fluorescein to mark single cells so that their long range fate can be unambiguously determined.
Hemostatic Therapy in Experimental Intracerebral Hemorrhage Associated With Rivaroxaban (2013)

Prothrombin complex concentrate, Factor VIIa, and fresh frozen plasma prevent excess intracerebral hematoma expansion in a murine ICH model associated with rivaroxaban. The efficacy and safety of this reversal strategy must be further evaluated in clinical studies.
ARTHROSCOPIC ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT RECONSTRUCTION: PROSPECTIVE COMPARISON OF PATELLAR VERSUS HAMSTRING RECONSTRUCTIONS IN 100 RANDOMISED KNEES (2008)

Purpose of the study: Free patellar tendon plasty is the most common technique for repairing anterior knee laxity. Functional outcome can be compromised by invalidating knee pain. The purpose of this prospective randomized study was to compare the outcome of plasty procedures using hamstring tendon versus patellar tendon autografts. Material and methods: From May 1998 through May 2001, 100 patients presenting an isolated grade I anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear were included. Exclusion criteria were: history of fracture, advanced-stage laxity (grade II or greater), and contralateral ACL tear. Randomization was performed in the operative theater using the closed envelop method. Two groups of 50 patients were designated: group A: arthroscopic free bone-tendon-bone patellar autograft; group B: arthroscopic free four-strand hamstring autograft. Two metallic interference screws were used for fixation in both groups. The two groups were comparable for demographic features and clinical, radiological, and instrumental laxity variables recorded before surgery. The position of the tunnels was noted according to Aglietti and was the same in the two groups. The same rehabilitation protocol in a dedicated center was used for both groups. All patients (none lost to follow-up) were assess using the IKDC 1993 criteria with objective instrumental measurement of residual laxity. The level of significance was set at 5%. Results: There was no significant difference between the groups regarding: resumption of sports activity (level and delay), joint motion, ligament examination, the overall IKDC score, and radiological findings ate mean 40±13 months (range 13–69 months) follow-up. Pain at the harvesting site was observed in 34.78% of patients in group A at six months and in 39.5% of those in group B. Conversely, anterior pain was found in 8.5% of patients in group B at six months and 6.6% at one year (p Conclusion: The results at 40 months follow-up of this prospective randomized study with no patients lost to follow-up confirmed the minimal morbidity observed at the harvesting site for hamstring plasty. There was no significant difference between the transplants (patellar tendon, hamstring). Anterior pain with the patellar tendon plasty attenuated after two years. Residual laxity was greater when using the hamstring method.
Cross-phase modulation in silicon photonic wire waveguides (2006)

We demonstrate strong cross-phase modulation in Si photonic wire waveguides using picosecond pulses. We present an all-optical scheme for control of optical pulses, utilizing the tight optical confinement of wire waveguides to enhance the nonlinearity.