gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tim-1 expressed on dendritic cells enhances effector T cell responses and inhibits development and function of regulatory T cells (99.9) (2009)

Abstract Tim-1 has been reported to be expressed on CD4+ T cells upon activation and to regulate Th2 responses. Here we report that Tim-1 is constitutively expressed on dendritic cells (DCs), the key instigators of adaptive immune responses. Tim-1 engagement in DCs induces a signaling cascade with NF-kB acivation, and promotes their maturation, resulting in upregulation of costimulatory molecules and production of proinflammatory cytokines. Such DCs enhance effector T cell (especially Th17) responses but inhibit de novo generation of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg). In vivo when given at the induction of immune response, agonistic anti-Tim-1 antibody enhances immunogenic function of DCs, decreases suppressive function of Foxp3+ Treg, and substantially increases proinflammatory Th17 responses as well as Th1 responses. The anti-Tim-1 treatment induces more severe experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in susceptible mice, and also breaks tolerance and induces disease in the EAE-resistant strain of mice. These findings indicate that Tim-1 has an important role in the innate immune system in that Tim-1 signaling in DCs decreases immune regulation by Treg and promotes effector T cell responses.
<title>Single-virus analysis by correlated optical spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy</title> (1999)

Single adeno- and tobacco mosaic viruses have been studied by correlated fluorescence spectroscopy and tapping-mode atomic force microscopy. The size and shape of spatially isolated, fluorescently tagged viruses are measured on the nanometer scale, and the fluorescent labels in each virus are determined by wavelength-resolved spectroscopy. This work extends ultrasensitive measurement to the single-virus level and is expected to have applications in studying gene therapy vectors and virus-cell interactions.
Counterion-Correlation-Induced Attraction and Necklace Formation in Polyelectrolyte Solutions:  Theory and Simulations (2006)

We have developed a necklace model of hydrophobic polyelectrolytes in which the necklace structure consisting of polymeric globules (beads) connected by extended sections of the chain (strings of monomers) appears as a result of the counterion condensation and is caused by the balance of the correlation-induced attraction of condensed counterions to charged monomers and electrostatic repulsion between uncompensated charges. The size of the beads increases with polymer concentration while their number per chain decreases. We predict coexistence of necklaces with different number of beads on a polymer backbone at any polymer concentration. To test this necklace model, we performed molecular dynamics simulations of polyelectrolyte chains with degree of polymerization N varying from 25 to 373 and with fraction of charged monomers f = 1/3, 1/2, and 1 in poor solvent conditions for polymer backbone. The observed concentration dependence of the bead size supports the assumption of the counterion condensation origin of the necklace structure. The overlap concentration is almost independent of the degree of polymerization for weakly charged chains (f = 1/3). For strongly charged chains with f = 1 the overlap concentration follows the normal N dependence observed for polyelectrolyte solutions in ϑ and good solvent regimes for polymer backbone. In semidilute solutions the correlation length of fully charged chains is inversely proportional to the square root of polymer concentration. The osmotic coefficient of the solutions of polyelectrolytes in poor solvent conditions for polymer backbone exhibits nonmonotonic concentration dependence in agreement with two-zone model predictions. It decreases with increasing polymer concentration in dilute solutions, while it is an increasing function of polymer concentration in the semidilute regime. The Kratky plot of the chain form factor is in excellent agreement with the neutron scattering experiments.
Bis-heteroannulation. 16. A synthetic approach to geigerin (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBis-heteroannulation. 16. A synthetic approach to geigerinPeter A. Jacobi, Kim M. Touchette, and Harold G. SelnickCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 23, 6305–6313Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00049a044https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00049a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views328Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Pilot investigation of the cardiopulmonary baroreflex control of ventricular contractility (2011)

The cardiopulmonary (CP) baroreflex responds to an increase in central venous pressure (CVP) by increasing heart rate (HR) and decreasing vascular resistance in dogs. However, the CP baroreflex control of ventricular contractility (VC) is less understood. A CVP increase could cause either an increase in VC to maintain CVP, much like the Bainbridge effect, or a decrease in VC to blunt the ensuing increase in arterial blood pressure (ABP), much like the control of the vasculature. Our aim is to explain the CP baroreflex control of maximal ventricular elastance (Emax), which is the best available index of VC. We measured spontaneous beat-to-beat hemodynamic variability from two conscious dogs before and after propranolol administration. We then identified the transfer function relating beat-to-beat fluctuations in CVP to Emax (CVP→Emax) while mathematically eliminating the influences of ABP fluctuations on Emax via the arterial baroreflex and HR fluctuations on Emax via the force-frequency relation. The CVP→Emax transfer function revealed that an increase in CVP caused an increase in Emax (0.17 ml−1 gain value) during the control condition and no change in Emax during the propranolol condition. Based on these pilot findings, the CP baroreflex appears to respond to an increase in CVP by increasing VC via the β-sympathetic nervous system. This work was supported by the NIH (HL-55473, HL-080568) and NSF (CAREER 0643477).
Selective Functionalization of the Internal and the External Surfaces of Mesoporous Silicon by Liquid Masking (2013)

A general approach for selective, differential functionalization of the interior and exterior surfaces of mesoporous Si is reported. The method employs two immiscible liquids, one inert and the other chemically reactive with the porous Si nanostructure. First, a porous Si sample is prepared by electrochemical etch and then it is mildly oxidized, which places a thin layer of silicon oxide at the surface. The inner pore walls of the partially oxidized porous Si film are then infiltrated with an inert liquid (octane). The sample is then immersed in aqueous solution containing hydrogen fluoride (HF), which serves as the reactive liquid. The hydrophobic phase is retained in the interior of the porous nanostructure, and HF(aq) attacks only the exposed surfaces of the oxidized porous Si sample, generating a hydrophobic, hydrogen-terminated (Si-H) outer layer. The reaction is self-limiting due to the immiscibility of octane and water, and the extent of penetration of the Si-H surface into the porous layer is dependent on the time of exposure to HF(aq). The Si-H surface can then be modified by thermal hydrosilylation (1-dodecene or 10-bromo-1-decene) in a subsequent step, resulting in a bifunctional porous Si film containing hydrophobic pore entrances to hydrophilic inner pores. The hydrophobic dodecyl species at the mouths of the pores is found to form a barrier for molecular transport; it decreases the rate of leaching (into water) of a rhodamine test molecule that is preloaded into the sample by >8 fold.
Improvement of the retrieval algorithm for GOSAT SWIR XCO 2 and XCH 4 and their validation using TCCON data (2013)

Abstract. The column-averaged dry-air mole fractions of carbon dioxide and methane (XCO2 and XCH4) have been retrieved from Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT) Short-Wavelength InfraRed (SWIR) observations. XCO2 and XCH4 retrieved using the version 01.xx retrieval algorithm showed large negative biases and standard deviations (−8.85 ppm and 4.75 ppm for XCO2 and −20.4 ppb and 18.9 ppb for XCH4, respectively) compared with data of the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON). Multiple reasons for these error characteristics (e.g. solar irradiance database, handling of aerosol scattering) are identified and corrected in a revised version of the retrieval algorithm (version 02.xx). The improved retrieval algorithm shows much smaller biases and standard deviations (−1.48 ppm and 2.10 ppm for XCO2 and −6.0 ppb and 12.5 ppb for XCH4, respectively) than the version 01.xx. Also, the number of post-screened measurements is increased especially at northern mid- and high-latitudinal area.
Hybride Trennverfahren: Verschaltung von Reaktivrektifikation und Dampfpermeation (2008)

Abstract Das Prozessverhalten hybrider Trennverfahren zur Synthese von Propylpropionat wird am Beispiel der Verschaltung einer Reaktivrektifikationskolonne mit der Dampfpermeation untersucht. Der vorliegende Beitrag zeigt zum einen die experimentelle Validierung der verwendeten Grundoperationen im Technikumsmaßstab sowie eine Untersuchung der zu einem Hybridverfahren verschalteten Einzelprozesse. Zum anderen wird ein Einblick in die Modellierung, Simulation und Optimierung hybrider Trennverfahren unter Verwendung detaillierter Stoffaustauschmodelle gegeben.
Use of atropine in connection with oral midazolam premedication. (1984)

The clinical significance of intramuscular premedication with 0.01 mg/kg of atropine in a procedure involving oral benzodiazepine premedication (15 mg midazolam the evening before surgery and on the morning of surgery) was investigated in a double-blind study. As far as sedation, apprehension, excitement, dizziness, emesis, and headache were concerned, there were no significant differences between group 1 (atropine) and group 2 (placebo) patients; however, both during and after anesthesia patients in group 1 had less excessive salivary secretion (especially during extubation). As a result of sympathetic overactivity, patients in group 1 had an increased heart rate and an increased incidence of supraventricular tachycardia. In group 1 intravenous infusion proved more difficult, and in addition, the patients complained more of subjective side effects (dry mouth). There was no significant correlation between the radioimmunologically measured serum concentrations and the clinical effects of atropine measured just before the induction of anesthesia. Substantial interindividual differences were found in these serum levels. From the anesthetist's viewpoint, atropine has both beneficial effects (antisecretory) and unwanted effects (cardiovascular effects). For the patient atropine caused only subjective unwanted effects. Midazolam, a new short-acting, sedative benzodiazepine derivatives, can be used without atropine as an oral premedicant.
GABA-A Alpha 2/3 but Not Alpha 1 Receptor Subunit Ligand Inhibits Harmaline and Pimozide-Induced Tremor in Rats (2023)

Treatment of tremors, such as in essential tremor (ET) and Parkinson's disease (PD) is mostly ineffective. Exact tremor pathomechanisms are unknown and relevant animal models are missing. GABA-A receptor is a target for tremorolytic medications, but current non-selective drugs produce side effects and have safety liabilities. The aim of this study was a search for GABA-A subunit-specific tremorolytics using different tremor-generating mechanisms. Two selective positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) were tested. Zolpidem, targeting GABA-A α1, was not effective in models of harmaline-induced ET, pimozide- or tetrabenazine-induced tremulous jaw movements (TJMs), while the novel GABA-A α2/3 selective MP-III-024 significantly reduced both the harmaline-induced ET tremor and pimozide-induced TJMs. While zolpidem decreased the locomotor activity of the rats, MP-III-024 produced small increases. These results provide important new clues into tremor suppression mechanisms initiated by the enhancement of GABA-driven inhibition in pathways controlled by α2/3 but not α1 containing GABA-A receptors. Tremor suppression by MP-III-024 provides a compelling reason to consider selective PAMs targeting α2/3-containing GABA-A receptors as novel therapeutic drug targets for ET and PD-associated tremor. The possibility of the improved tolerability and safety of this mechanism over non-selective GABA potentiation provides an additional rationale to further pursue the selective α2/3 hypothesis.
Experimental and simulation results on Si integrated inductor efficiency for smart RF-ICs (2014)

This paper presents several experimental and simulation results on silicon integrated inductors. Measurements and 3D electromagnetic simulations highlight the efficiency of different layout techniques and technological choices to improve integrated inductor Q factor. Different kinds of pattern ground shields and different substrate configurations are measured and studied. Electromagnetic phenomena involved in such passive integrated devices are described thanks to the complementary measurement/simulation approach. Pattern ground shields have to be carefully used: this layout solution can degrade the integrated inductor quality depending on substrate characteristics of the integration technology.
Enhancing Robustness Under Dual-Link Failures (2007)

In this paper, we show that minimizing the product of path lengths results in minimizing the probability of connection failure between a source and destination given two links have failed in the network. We, therefore, analyze the problem of finding disjoint paths between two nodes with the minimum path length product. We formulate the problem as a mixed integer quadratic programming (MIQP) problem. We develop an iterative heuristic based on k-shortest path approach. We demonstrate through extensive simulations that only a few iterations are sufficient to obtain paths whose path length product is comparable to that of optimal obtained by solving the MIQP.
Orbit design of satellite quantum key distribution constellations in different ground stations networks (2023)

In the field of Cryptography, Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is an application of Quantum Information theory that obtained a great deal of attention in recent years. It allows to establish secret keys between two or more parties, in a much safer way than that implemented by classic cryptography (based on discrete logarithms and factorization of prime numbers). The most promising way of realizing a QKD network (especially over great distances) in the near future is by a constellation of satellites. This paper considers the problem of optimizing the orbits of the satellites in order to maximize the minimum key length shared in a network of ground stations over a fixed amount of time. Different networks of stations are considered and the influence of their geographical disposition on the design and the performance index is highlighted. The networks considered are: a global constellation, a regional European constellation, and two in which there are groups of stations in two different narrow bands of latitude. The effect of Inter-satellite links is then taken into account and how, in some cases, they can improve the performances. Finally the daily performance of the considered constellations are analyzed.
Aerodynamic Optimization of the Low-Pressure Turbine Module: Exploiting Surrogate Models in a High-Dimensional Design Space (2020)

Abstract Further improvement of state-of-the-art low-pressure (LP) turbines (LPTs) has become progressively more challenging. LP design is more than ever confronted to the need to further integrate complex models and to shift from single-component design to the design of the complete LPT module at once. This leads to high-dimensional design spaces and automatically challenges their applicability within an industrial context, where computing resources are limited and the cycle time is crucial. The aerodynamic design of a multistage LP turbine is discussed for a design space defined by 350 parameters. Using an online surrogate-based optimization (SBO) approach, a significant efficiency gain of almost 0.5pt has been achieved. By discussing the sampling of the design space, the quality of the surrogate models, and the application of adequate data mining capabilities to steer the optimization, it is shown that despite the high-dimensional nature of the design space, the followed approach allows to obtain performance gains beyond target. The ability to control both global as well as local characteristics of the flow throughout the full LP turbine, in combination with an agile reaction of the search process after dynamically strengthening and/or enforcing new constraints in order to adapt to the review feedback, not only illustrates the feasibility but also the potential of a global design space for the LP module. It is demonstrated that intertwining the capabilities of dynamic SBO and efficient data mining allows to incorporate high-fidelity simulations in design cycle practices of certified engines or novel engine concepts to jointly optimize the multiple stages of the LPT.
Athena Microscopic Imager investigation : Mars exploration rover mission and landing sites (2003)

The Athena science payload on the Mars Exploration Rovers (MER) includes the Microscopic Imager (MI). The MI is a fixed-focus camera mounted on the end of an extendable instrument arm, the Instrument Deployment Device (IDD). The MI was designed to acquire images at a spatial resolution of 30 microns/pixel over a broad spectral range (400-700 nm). The MI uses the same electronics design as the other MER cameras but has optics that yield a field of view of 31 x 31 mm across a 1024 x 1024 pixel CCD image. The MI acquires images using only solar or skylight illumination of the target surface. A contact sensor is used to place the Ml slightly closer to the target surface than its best focus distance (about 66 mm), allowing concave surfaces to be imaged in good focus. Coarse focusing (∼2 mm precision) is achieved by moving the IDD away from a rock target after the contact sensor has been activated. The MI optics are protected from the Martian environment by a retractable dust cover. The dust cover includes a Kapton window that is tinted orange to restrict the spectral bandpass to 500-700 nm, allowing color information to be obtained by taking images with the dust cover open and closed. MI data will be used to place other MER instrument data in context and to aid in petrologic and geologic interpretations of rocks and soils on Mars.
Bone Marrow Mast Cells Are Significantly Increased in Patients with Waldenstrom’s Macroglobulinemia, and Their Number Following Therapeutic Intervention Is Dependent on Extent of Response. (2005)

Abstract INTRODUCTION: In previous studies, we demonstrated that mast cells (MCs) may support the growth and survival of lymphoplasmacytic cells (LPC) in WM patients through expression of several ligands including CD40L, B-LYS, PDGFa and VEGF. While increased numbers of MC, as well as their association with LPC in the bone marrow (BM) of patients with WM has previously been reported, their enumeration before and following therapeutic intervention remains to be clarified. METHODOLOGY: We therefore enumerated MC using tryptase staining in whole sections of BM trephine biopsies before and after therapy for 19 patients (median age 59; range 49–85 years) with the consensus panel diagnosis of WM who received rituximab (n=4), rituximab plus fludarabine (n=14) or bortezomib (n=1). Biopsies from 7 non-WM, age matched patients with normal trilineage myelopoiesis and who demonstrated no evidence of disease were used as controls. RESULTS: At baseline, an increased number of BMMC was observed for WM patients (median 49/mm2; range 0.4–149.5/mm2) versus control patients (median 14/mm2, range 3.8–31.4/mm2); p=0.003. Among non-responding patients, the median number of BMMC rose from 42.76/mm2 (range 23.3–134.6/mm2) to 72.59/mm2 (range 59.1–77.9/mm2, n=4), while it remained stable for minor responders 14.9/mm2 (range 0.4–26.6/mm2) to 15.8/mm2 (range 11.9–44.8/mm2, n=3), and decreased for major responders (CR and PR) from 56.6/mm2 (range 7.1–149.5/mm2) to 34.13/mm2 (range 3.3–110.9/mm2, n=12). CONCLUSION: These preliminary studies demonstrate that BMMC are significantly increased in patients with WM, and their number following therapeutic intervention is dependent on extent of response.
Drain current modulation in a nanoscale field-effect-transistor channel by single dopant implantation (2010)

We demonstrate single dopant implantation into the channel of a silicon nanoscale metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect-transistor. This is achieved by monitoring the drain current modulation during ion irradiation. Deterministic doping is crucial for overcoming dopant number variability in present nanoscale devices and for exploiting single atom degrees of freedom. The two main ion stopping processes that induce drain current modulation are examined. We employ 500 keV He ions, in which electronic stopping is dominant, leading to discrete increases in drain current and 14 keV P dopants for which nuclear stopping is dominant leading to discrete decreases in drain current.
Flexible Algorithm Definition Advertisement with BGP Link-State (2019)

Flexible Algorithm is a solution that allows routing protocols (viz.
OSPF and IS-IS) to compute paths over a network based on user-defined
(and hence, flexible) constraints and metrics. The computation is
performed by routers participating in the specific network in a
distribute manner using a Flex Algorithm definition. This definition
provisioned on one or more routers and propagated (viz. OSPF and IS-
IS flooding) through the network. BGP Link-State (BGP-LS) enables the
collection of various topology information from the network. This
draft defines extensions to BGP- LS address-family to advertise the
Flexible Algorithm Definition as a part of the topology information
from the network.
The Ada Compiler Validation Capability (1980)

The Ada Compiler Validation Capability consists of tests, tools, procedures, and documentation designed to enforce (and encourage) development of compilers that conform to the Ada language Standard. In this paper, we discuss our approach to solving the principal problems faced in developing and using such a capability.