gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Topologically enabled optical nanomotors (2017)

Shaping the topology of light, by way of spin or orbital angular momentum engineering, is a powerful tool to manipulate matter on the nanoscale. Conventionally, such methods focus on shaping the incident beam of light and not the full interaction between the light and the object to be manipulated. We theoretically show that tailoring the topology of the phase space of the light particle interaction is a fundamentally more versatile approach, enabling dynamics that may not be achievable by shaping of the light alone. In this manner, we find that optically asymmetric (Janus) particles can become stable nanoscale motors even in a light field with zero angular momentum. These precessing steady states arise from topologically protected anticrossing behavior of the vortices of the optical torque vector field. Furthermore, by varying the wavelength of the incident light, we can control the number, orientations, and the stability of the spinning states. These results show that the combination of phase-space topology and particle asymmetry can provide a powerful degree of freedom in designing nanoparticles for optimal external manipulation in a range of nano-optomechanical applications.
DYNASCENE: An Approach to Computer-Based Intelligent Cardiovascular Monitoring Using Sequential Clinical “Scenes” (1990)

Hemodynamic abnormalities such as hypovolemia typically progress through a sequence of discrete clinical phases or "scenes" (e.g., intravascular volume depletion, vasoconstriction, hypotension). Each scene can be defined by a cluster of hemodynamic trends. A natural approach to modeling the process of hemodynamic monitoring involves identifying these scenes and the temporal relationships among them. This approach has been utilized in the development of DYNASCENE, a parallel programming implementation of a computer-based intelligent hemodynamic monitor. This paper discusses: (1) The rationale for utilizing sequential clinical scenes to represent knowledge of hemodynamic behavior, (2) the design of the DYNASCENE system, and (3) preliminary tests of the DYNASCENE system.
Experiments on Sound Radiation from a Duct with a Circumferentially Varying Liner (1984)

The radiation of sound from an asymmetrically lined duct is experimentally studied for various hard-walled standing mode sources. Measurements were made of the directivity of the radiated field and amplitude reflection coefficients in the hard-walled source section. These measurements are compared with baseline hard-wall and uniformly lined duct data. The dependence of these characteristics on mode number and angular location of the source is investigated. A comparison between previous theoretical calculations and the experimentally measured results is made and, in general, good agreement is obtained. For the several cases presented, an asymmetry in the liner impedance distribution was found to produce related asymmetries in the radiated acoustic field. a c / k krn kmn m, n p Pmn r R t x 6 Nomenclature duct radius, m speed of sound, m/s free wavenumber, w/c, m1 radial wavenumber, m ~ 1 axial wavenumber, k2mn = k2 — ( krn ) 2, m ~ 1 length of lined section, m mode number, (0,0) is plane wave acoustic pressure, N/m2 pressure amplitude, N/m2 radial cylindrical coordinate, m amplitude reflection coefficient, nondimensional time, s axial cylindrical coordinate, m angular cylindrical coordinate, rad $ = phase, deg \l/ — radiation angle, deg w = frequency, rad/s
Advanced Television Broadcasting in a Digital Broadband Distribution Environment (2000)

This paper is intended to be of use to members of the broadcast television engineering community in their efforts to address the challenges and opportunities presented by the various broadband digital distribution models available to them. It must be noted that the scope of a fully detailed discussion of even one of the digital broadband distribution models considered herein would produce a paper of an unreasonable length. Therefore the various broadcast models are examined and discussed from what might be considered an engineering management perspective. In that regard, the authors have also briefly addressed certain economic considerations of the various distribution models, especially as likely to impact engineering design and capital expenditure decisions.
How Temperature Measurement Impacts Pressure Drop and Heat Transport in Slender Fixed Beds of Raschig Rings (2022)

The axial temperature profile of a packed bed is often measured by thermocouples placed either directly in the bed or inside a thermowell centered in the reactor tube. Quantifying the impact of the thermocouple well on fluid flow, heat transport, and consequently on the measured temperatures is still an unresolved challenge for lab-scale reactors but especially, and even more so for multitubular reactors in industry. Particle-resolved computational fluid dynamics (PRCFD) simulations are a suitable approach to investigate the changes in transport phenomena exerted by inserting thermocouple wells into packed beds because they take into account the local packed bed structures. In this study, PRCFD simulations are performed based on design of simulation experiments (DoSE). The effect of the thermowell diameter and its thermal conductivity on the deviations between packed beds with and without thermowells is statistically quantified for characteristic integral quantities like pressure drop and tube wall-bed Nusselt number. The axial temperature profiles inside the thermowells can be computed efficiently with reasonably accuracy applying the Nusselt number correction as derived in this study from the DoSE in a one-dimensional pseudo-homogeneous energy balance.
Fourier Spectrum Techniques For Characterization Of Spatial Noise In Imaging Arrays (1987)

Noise performance in imaging arrays is often specified simply by the variance of the pixel levels. In this paper a more complete characterization technique is presented, based on the spatial-frequency power spectrum of the noise data on the detectors. This is seen to provide additional information for cases in which the noise spectrum is nonwhite. Experimental data demonstrate the nonwhite nature of the spectrum under certain conditions, especially resulting from spatial correlation of detector nonuniformity and from sampling-lattice-related artifacts in the data.
Photoluminescence studies of organic light-emitting devices based on 9,10-bis (2-naphthyl)-2-t-butylanthracene (TBADN) (2009)

We studied changes in photoluminescence yield of 9,10-bis (2-naphthyl)-2-t-butylanthracene (TBADN), a commonly
used blue emitter in organic light emitting devices (OLEDs). Our studies show that, unlike in case of tris
(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (AlQ 3 ), current flow does not bring about a significant change in TBADN
photoluminescence yield under 400nm excitation. We attribute the different behavior of TBADN to its bipolar carrier
transport nature, which, in comparison to AlQ 3 , does not facilitate the build-up of significant space charges. Excitation at
360nm, however, leads to a rapid decrease in photoluminescence yield, even in the absence of electrical stressing,
revealing that higher excited states of TBADN are less stable, and suggesting they could be playing a role in OLED
electroluminescence degradation.
Equity and the JAMA Network (2021)

The key objective of JAMA is "To promote the science and art of medicine and the betterment of the public health"; similar objectives and mission statements are supported by all 12 JAMA Network Journals. Together this family of journals is committed to publishing the best research, reviews, and opinion articles to advance medical science, promote public health, and improve patient care. The ultimate goal is to promulgate truth in science and medicine.
EGFR and CD44 Dual-Targeted Multifunctional Hyaluronic Acid Nanogels Boost Protein Delivery to Ovarian and Breast Cancers In Vitro and In Vivo (2017)

Protein drugs with intracellular targets like Granzyme B (GrB) have demonstrated great proliferative inhibition activity in cancer cells. Their clinical translation, however, relies on the development of safe, efficient, and selective protein-delivery vehicles. Here, we report that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and CD44 dual-targeted multifunctional hyaluronic acid nanogels (EGFR/CD44-NGs) boost protein delivery to ovarian and breast cancers in vitro and in vivo. EGFR/CD44-NGs obtained via nanoprecipitation and photoclick chemistry from hyaluronic acid derivatives with tetrazole, GE11 peptide/tetrazole, and cystamine methacrylate groups had nearly quantitative loading of therapeutic proteins like cytochrome C (CC) and GrB, a small size of ca. 165 nm, excellent stability in serum, and fast protein release under a reductive condition. Flow cytometry assays showed that EGFR/CD44-NGs exhibited over 6-fold better uptake in CD44 and EGFR-positive SKOV-3 ovarian cancer cells than CD44-NGs. In accordance, GrB-loaded EGFR/CD44-NGs (GrB-EGFR/CD44-NGs) displayed enhanced caspase activity and growth inhibition in SKOV-3 cells as compared to GrB-loaded CD44-NGs (GrB-CD44-NGs) control. Intriguingly, the therapeutic studies in SKOV-3 human ovarian carcinoma and MDA-MB-231 human breast tumor xenografted in nude mice revealed that GrB-EGFR/CD44-NGs at a low dose of 3.85 nmol GrB equiv/kg induced nearly complete growth suppression of both tumors, which was obviously more effective than GrB-CD44-NGs, without causing any adverse effects. EGFR and CD44 dual-targeted multifunctional hyaluronic acid nanogels have appeared as a safe and efficacious platform for cancer protein therapy.
A Study of Damage Mechanism on Port Facilities at Onagawa Fishery Port due to Tohoku Earthquake Tsunami (2012)

In order to investigate the damage mechanism on fishery port facilities at Onagawa fishery port, field surveys were conducted and these body stabilities were checked using the tsunami simulation modeled with water overflowing structures. In the survey, caisson and riprap foundations of the north and south breakwater at the mouth of the port collapsed outward and inward of the port, respectively. The modeled results explained that the caisson withstood the pressure of the spilling wave but was broken with the undertow and that riprap foundations were destroyed with the spilling wave. In addition, the modeled results demonstrated the breakwater head destruction which was affirmed in the video that the head part is destroyed finally.
21. The Effect of X-Ray Dose Rate on the Survival of Cell Line NIH.3T3 Infected with Hs242 Human Oncogene (1985)

FITZGERALD, T. J.; KASE, KEN; DAUGHERTY, CATHIE; GREENBERGER, JOEL S.; AARONSON, STUART A. Author Information
Thyroid Gland Abnormalities in Patients with the Syndrome of Spotty Skin Pigmentation, Myxomas, Endocrine Overactivity, and Schwannomas (Carney Complex) (1997)

Carney complex is a multiple neoplasia and lentiginosis syndrome that affects endocrine glands, including the pituitary, adrenals, and testes; thyroid gland involvement has not been unequivocally demonstrated. In the present study, the medical records of 12 families with Carney complex (53 affected patients) were reviewed for evidence of thyroid abnormality; 2 patients with thyroid carcinoma (1 papillary and 1 follicular; 3.8%) and 1 with follicular adenoma were identified in 3 unrelated kindreds. Six affected members of these kindreds were then screened for the presence of thyroid disease (familial cases). We also studied 5 patients with the complex who had no affected relatives (sporadic cases). These 11 patients consisted of 5 adults [mean age, 33.2 +/- 9.2 (+/- SD) yr] and 6 children and adolescents (mean age, 13.8 +/- 2.5 yr). All had normal results of physical and biochemical examination of the thyroid gland (total and free T4, T3, and TSH levels). Thyroid ultrasonography showed hypoechoic, cystic, solid, or mixed lesions in 3 of the 5 adults (60%) and 4 of the 6 children (67%). Two patients underwent fine needle aspiration biopsy, which identified follicular lesions. Thyroid gland abnormalities were documented in 5 siblings and 1 parent-child pair. We conclude that thyroid gland pathology is 1) common in patients with Carney complex; 2) includes a spectrum of abnormalities ranging from follicular hyperplasia and/or cystic changes to carcinoma; and 3) is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner, like the other manifestations of the syndrome, it is therefore, a candidate component of the syndrome. Ultrasonography is useful in the detection and clinical follow-up of these lesions.
A Correspondence Between Random Neural Networks and Statistical Field\n Theory (2017)

A number of recent papers have provided evidence that practical design\nquestions about neural networks may be tackled theoretically by studying the\nbehavior of random networks. However, until now the tools available for\nanalyzing random neural networks have been relatively ad-hoc. In this work, we\nshow that the distribution of pre-activations in random neural networks can be\nexactly mapped onto lattice models in statistical physics. We argue that\nseveral previous investigations of stochastic networks actually studied a\nparticular factorial approximation to the full lattice model. For random linear\nnetworks and random rectified linear networks we show that the corresponding\nlattice models in the wide network limit may be systematically approximated by\na Gaussian distribution with covariance between the layers of the network. In\neach case, the approximate distribution can be diagonalized by Fourier\ntransformation. We show that this approximation accurately describes the\nresults of numerical simulations of wide random neural networks. Finally, we\ndemonstrate that in each case the large scale behavior of the random networks\ncan be approximated by an effective field theory.\n
3D Printing of Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanowires (2014)

3D printing of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanowires is realized at room temperature by local growth of GO at the meniscus formed at a micropipette tip followed by reduction of GO by thermal or chemical treatment. 3D rGO nanowires with diverse and complicated forms are successfully printed, demonstrating their ability to grow in any direction and at the selected sites.
Surface State of Sacrificial Copper Electrode by Electropolishing in Hydrophobic Ionic Liquid 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (2013)

Anodic dissolution of natural surface-oxidized, air-annealed, cathodically reduced, and cathodically deposited copper in hydrophobic ionic liquid 1-buthyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide under galvanostatic conditions by means of gravimetric measurements was studied. The resulting samples were mirror-like oxide-free copper pattern. The mechanism of the electropolishing of oxidized copper surface was considered. The consequent anodic reactions Cu2O - 1e = Cu(+) + CuO, CuO - 2e = Cu(2+) + O, and Cu - 1e = Cu(+) take place. The electropolishing itself occurs over oxygen-free copper surface due to competitive residual water discharge in the pits and copper dissolution on the roughness.
A Defined α‐Helix in the Bifunctional O‐Glycosylated Natriuretic Peptide TcNPa from the Venom of Tropidechis carinatus (2015)

Natriuretic peptides (NP) play important roles in human cardiac physiology through their guanylyl cyclase receptors NPR-A and NPR-B. Described herein is a bifunctional O-glycosylated natriuretic peptide, TcNPa, from Tropidechis carinatus venom and it unusually targets both NPR-A and NPR-B. Characterization using specific glycosidases and ETD-MS identified the glycan as galactosyl-β(1-3)-N-acetylgalactosamine (Gal-GalNAc) and was α-linked to the C-terminal threonine residue. TcNPa contains the characteristic NP 17-membered disulfide ring with conserved phenylalanine and arginine residues. Both glycosylated and nonglycosylated forms were synthesized by Fmoc solid-phase peptide synthesis and NMR analysis identified an α-helix within the disulfide ring containing the putative pharmacophore for NPR-A. Surprisingly, both forms activated NPR-A and NPR-B and were relatively resistant towards proteolytic degradation in plasma. This work will underpin the future development of bifunctional NP peptide mimetics.
Exploring violin sound quality: Investigating English timbre descriptors and correlating resynthesized acoustical modifications with perceptual properties (2012)

Performers often discuss the sound quality of a violin or the sound obtained by particular playing techniques, calling upon a diverse vocabulary. This study explores the verbal descriptions, made by performers, of the distinctive timbres of different violins. Sixty-one common descriptors were collected and then arranged by violinists on a map, so that words with similar meanings lay close together, and those with different meanings lay far apart. The results of multidimensional scaling demonstrated consistent use among violinists of many words, and highlighted which words are used for similar purposes. These terms and their relations were then used to investigate the perceptual effect of acoustical modifications of violin sounds produced by roving of the levels in five one-octave wide bands, 190-380, 380-760, 760-1520, 1520-3040, and 3040-6080 Hz. Pairs of sounds were presented, and each participant was asked to indicate which of the sounds was more bright, clear, harsh, nasal, or good (in separate runs for each descriptor). Increased brightness and clarity were associated with moderately increased levels in bands 4 and 5, whereas increased harshness was associated with a strongly increased level in band 4. Judgments differed across participants for the qualities nasal and good.
Enamine chemistry. Part XI. Reaction of αβ-unsaturated acids and acid chlorides with imines. Synthesis of 2-oxotetrahydropyridines and 2-oxo-octahydroquinolines (1971)

2-Oxotetrahydropyridines and 2-oxo-octahydroquinolines have been isolated from the reaction of acryloyl chloride with imines, together with the enamide and, in some cases, the amide. Crotonoyl and cinnamoyl chlorides give mixtures consisting mainly of the enamides. 2-Oxotetrahydropyridines and 2-oxo-octahydroquinolines have also been isolated from the reaction of acrylic acid with imines. The mechanisms of these reactions are discussed.
<title>Adaptive perceptual quantization using a neural network for video coding</title> (1994)

This paper describes a new adaptive quantization algorithm for video sequence coding, which can reflect perceptual characteristics of macroblocks by using a neural network classifier. Multilayer perceptron is adopted as a neural network structure, and the feature parameters and target classes of training macroblocks are prepared for learning. The coding performance based on the neural network classifier is investigated by computer simulation. In comparison with both the non-adaptive quantization scheme and the adaptive one in the MPEG-2 TM5, the proposed scheme is proven to enhance perceptual quality in video coding.
A PHGDH inhibitor reveals coordination of serine synthesis and one-carbon unit fate (2016)

Serine is both a proteinogenic amino acid and the source of one-carbon units essential for de novo purine and deoxythymidine synthesis. In the canonical pathway of glucose-derived serine synthesis, Homo sapiens phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH) catalyzes the first, rate-limiting step. Genetic loss of PHGDH is toxic toward PHGDH-overexpressing breast cancer cell lines even in the presence of exogenous serine. Here, we used a quantitative high-throughput screen to identify small-molecule PHGDH inhibitors. These compounds reduce the production of glucose-derived serine in cells and suppress the growth of PHGDH-dependent cancer cells in culture and in orthotopic xenograft tumors. Surprisingly, PHGDH inhibition reduced the incorporation into nucleotides of one-carbon units from glucose-derived and exogenous serine. We conclude that glycolytic serine synthesis coordinates the use of one-carbon units from endogenous and exogenous serine in nucleotide synthesis, and we suggest that one-carbon unit wasting thus may contribute to the efficacy of PHGDH inhibitors in vitro and in vivo.
Ähnlichkeiten und Unterschiede innerhalb der “relativistischen” Triade Gold, Platin und Quecksilber in der Katalyse (2011)

Abstract Relativistische Effekte in der Valenzschale der chemischen Elemente treten innerhalb der Triade Pt–Au–Hg am stärksten hervor, und sie bestimmen die katalytische Aktivität von Komplexen dieser Elemente in organischen Reaktionen. Wir vergleichen in diesem Aufsatz die katalytische Aktivität von Pt‐, Au‐ und Hg‐Verbindungen in repräsentativen Reaktionen und diskutieren die jeweiligen Vor‐ und Nachteile, auch mit Blick auf Eigenschaften wie Giftigkeit, Preis und Verfügbarkeit. In den betrachteten Reaktionen sind Gold‐Katalysatoren im Allgemeinen aktiver als Quecksilber‐ oder Platin‐Katalysatoren.
COPERNICUS: Context‐Preserving Engine for Route Navigation with Interactive User‐modifiable Scaling (2008)

Abstract In this paper, we present an automated system for generating context‐preserving route maps that depict navigation routes as a path between nodes and edges inside a topographic network. Our application identifies relevant context information to support navigation and orientation, and generates customizable route maps according to design principles that communicate all relevant context information clearly visible on one single page. Interactive scaling allows seamless transition between the original undistorted map and our new map design, and supports user‐specified scaling of regions of interest to create personalized driving directions according to the drivers needs.
Mobile Interaction with Remote Worlds: The Acoustic Periscope (2001)

Strictly speaking, a periscope is an optical device that allows one to view and navigate the external environment. The acoustic periscope is a metaphor for mobile interaction that transparently exploits audio/speech to navigate and provide an unobstructed scene in a real or virtual world. We aim at both true mobility – no strings or devices should be attached to human user to be able navigate – and at a smart multi modal. The implementation of our concept highlights un underestimated modality, the acoustic one, for making computers transparent to the actual interaction of the user with a remote world and advancing in the direction of ubiquitous computing. In this paper we describe the basic principles, architecture and implementation of a system for ubiquitous, multimodal and easy visual accesses to the remote world based on the acoustic periscope idea. In order to assemble the required functionality we resort to audio signal processing (in particular array signal processing) for location and orientation estimation, speech recognition and text-to-speech synthesis for natural language interaction, mobile computing, communication in a LAN/Bluetooth network, and streaming of data from or control of a remote telerobotic platform with vision capabilities.