gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identifying incident dementia by applying machine learning to a very large administrative claims dataset (2018)

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) are highly prevalent conditions, and prior efforts to develop predictive models have relied on demographic and clinical risk factors using traditional logistical regression methods. We hypothesized that machine-learning algorithms using administrative claims data may represent a novel approach to predicting ADRD. METHODS Using a national de-identified dataset of more than 125 million patients including over 10,000 clinical, pharmaceutical, and demographic variables, we developed a cohort to train a machine learning model to predict ADRD 4-5 years in advance. RESULTS The Lasso algorithm selected a 50-variable model with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.693. Top diagnosis codes in the model were memory loss (780.93), Parkinson’s disease (332.0), mild cognitive impairment (331.83) and bipolar disorder (296.80), and top pharmacy codes were psychoactive drugs. DISCUSSION Machine learning algorithms can rapidly develop predictive models for ADRD with massive datasets, without requiring hypothesis-driven feature engineering. RESEARCH IN CONTEXT Systematic review: Previous attempts to predict incident dementia have relied on extensive clinical evaluations, cognitive testing, laboratory testing, neuro-imaging, genetic factors, demographics, and lifestyle variables. Applying machine learning to a large administrative claims dataset to identify individuals at increased likelihood for near-term diagnosis of dementia had not been tested. Interpretation: A 50-variable model to identify those at risk for near-term diagnosis of dementia was created and validated. Based on AUC analysis, the model compared favorably with other historical attempts at modeling more traditional forms of data. Future direction: Models, such as the one developed here, could be used to identify populations of higher prior probability for near-term diagnosis of dementia. These could then be subjected to more in-depth scrutiny for intervention or dementia-related research eligibility.
JPEG compression history estimation for color images (2006)

We routinely encounter digital color images that were previously compressed using the Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) standard. En route to the image's current representation, the previous JPEG compression's various settings-termed its JPEG compression history (CH)-are often discarded after the JPEG decompression step. Given a JPEG-decompressed color image, this paper aims to estimate its lost JPEG CH. We observe that the previous JPEG compression's quantization step introduces a lattice structure in the discrete cosine transform (DCT) domain. This paper proposes two approaches that exploit this structure to solve the JPEG Compression History Estimation (CHEst) problem. First, we design a statistical dictionary-based CHEst algorithm that tests the various CHs in a dictionary and selects the maximum a posteriori estimate. Second, for cases where the DCT coefficients closely conform to a 3-D parallelepiped lattice, we design a blind lattice-based CHEst algorithm. The blind algorithm exploits the fact that the JPEG CH is encoded in the nearly orthogonal bases for the 3-D lattice and employs novel lattice algorithms and recent results on nearly orthogonal lattice bases to estimate the CH. Both algorithms provide robust JPEG CHEst performance in practice. Simulations demonstrate that JPEG CHEst can be useful in JPEG recompression; the estimated CH allows us to recompress a JPEG-decompressed image with minimal distortion (large signal-to-noise-ratio) and simultaneously achieve a small file-size.
Atlas of Neurosurgical Techniques (2016)

The author has succeeded brilliantly in illustrating, chiefly through the medium of drawings, every step in his method of performing every known neurosurgical operation on the central nervous system. The explanatory remarks are brief and to the point, and the drawings almost speak for themselves. The work of the various artists is of high quality. Some of the technical methods used by the author may shock some Halstead-Cushing disciples. His almost universal use of the rubber catheter for drainage of brain tumors is certainly not the generally accepted practice. The methods he uses to prevent extradural hematomas seem to be more time consuming than would be required for complete hemostasis before the bone flap is replaced. The author has adapted many technical principles of general surgery to neurosurgery, obviously to cut down the length of the operative procedure. To some this may seem unwise, but those who have known him
Fabrication and replication of continuous-relief DOEs (1993)

Progress in the fabrication of continuous-relief Diffractive Optical Elements (DOEs) by laser beam writing in photoresist followed by replication into epoxy or polymer materials is described. Replicas are produced in polymer foil, as well as in thin epoxy films on glass substrates, using Ni shims generated from the recorded microrelief structures. The continuous relief micro-optical elements offer an interesting alternative to multilevel 'binary' optical elements, in many cases with improved performance and lower cost.
Comparison of composite and segmental methods for acquiring optical axial length with swept-source optical coherence tomography (2020)

This study compared the optical axial length (AL) obtained by composite and segmental methods using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) devices, and demonstrated its effects on the post-operative refractive errors (RE) one month after cataract surgery. Conventional AL measured with the composite method used the mean refractive index. The segmented-AL method used individual refractive indices for each ocular medium. The composite AL (24.52 ± 2.03 mm) was significantly longer (P < 0.001) than the segmented AL (24.49 ± 1.97 mm) among a total of 374 eyes of 374 patients. Bland-Altman analysis revealed a negative proportional bias for the differences between composite and segmented ALs. Although there was no significant difference in the RE obtained by the composite and segmental methods (0.42 ± 0.38 D vs 0.41 ± 0.36 D, respectively, P = 0.35), subgroup analysis of extremely long eyes implanted with a low power intraocular lens indicated that predicted RE was significantly smaller with the segmental method (0.45 ± 0.86 D) than that with the composite method (0.80 ± 0.86 D, P < 0.001). Segmented AL with SS-OCT is more accurate than composite AL in eyes with extremely long AL and can improve post-operative hyperopic shifts in such eyes.
Work-in-Progress: Offloading Cache Configuration Prediction to an FPGA for Hardware Speedup and Overhead Reduction (2019)

In this paper, we present our cache configuration prediction methodology offloaded to an FPGA for improved performance and hardware overhead reduction, while maintaining cache configuration predictions within 5% of the optimal energy cache configuration for application phases for the instruction and data caches.
1.2 Pb/s Transmission Over a <tex>$160\ \mu\mathrm{m}$</tex> Cladding, 4-Core, 3-Mode Fiber, Using 368 <tex>$\mathrm{C}+\mathrm{L}$</tex> band PDM-256-QAM Channels (2018)

We use 368 PDM-256-QAM 24.5GBd signals and high-granularity FEC to achieve 1.2Pb/s throughput on a 3.37km few-mode multi-core fiber with 12 spatial channels and the lowest cladding diameter fiber (160 micrometer) to demonstrate Pb/s class transmission.
Selective and Effective Cancer Treatments using Target‐Switchable Intracellular Bacterial Toxin Delivery Systems (2020)

Abstract Targeted cancer therapies have been extensively tested with the purpose to selectively suppress tumor growth and to avoid harming healthy tissue. However, failure to escape endosomes upon receptor‐mediated endocytosis is a major obstacle limiting the efficacy of targeted cancer therapeutics. Here, novel target‐switchable intracellular toxin delivery systems (TiTDS) are presented which use the catalytic and translocation domain of diphtheria toxin (dtA‐T) as an intracellular toxin delivery platform and affibody molecules targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 or epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2Afb or EGFRAfb) as target‐specific ligands. The intracellular toxin delivery platform and the affibody molecules are genetically fused with SpyCatcher (SC) protein and SpyTag (ST) peptide, respectively, to generate dtA‐T‐SC and ST‐HER2Afb or ST‐EGFRAfb modules. These modules can be individually purified and post‐translationally ligated to produce dtA‐T/HER2Afb or dtA‐T/EGFRAf. dtA‐T/HER2Afb and dtA‐T/EGFRAfb can selectively bind to their corresponding target cancer cells, efficiently enter the cells through receptor‐mediated endocytosis, successfully escape endosomes, and release toxins into the cytosol. They exhibit high target‐specific cytotoxicity in vitro and can significantly reduce tumor masses in vivo. TiTDS is a promising targeted cancer therapy platform because of its high target specificity, effective intracellular delivery of active toxins with improved therapeutic efficacy, and target switchability.
ChemInform Abstract: Yb(OTf)3‐Catalyzed Oxymercuration of Homoallylic Alcohol‐Derived Hemiacetals and Hemiketals. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
SphereFlow: 6 DoF Scene Flow from RGB-D Pairs (2014)

We take a new approach to computing dense scene flow between a pair of consecutive RGB-D frames. We exploit the availability of depth data by seeking correspondences with respect to patches specified not as the pixels inside square windows, but as the 3D points that are the inliers of spheres in world space. Our primary contribution is to show that by reasoning in terms of such patches under 6 DoF rigid body motions in 3D, we succeed in obtaining compelling results at displacements large and small without relying on either of two simplifying assumptions that pervade much of the earlier literature: brightness constancy or local surface planarity. As a consequence of our approach, our output is a dense field of 3D rigid body motions, in contrast to the 3D translations that are the norm in scene flow. Reasoning in our manner additionally allows us to carry out occlusion handling using a 6 DoF consistency check for the flow computed in both directions and a patchwise silhouette check to help reason about alignments in occlusion areas, and to promote smoothness of the flow fields using an intuitive local rigidity prior. We carry out our optimization in two steps, obtaining a first correspondence field using an adaptation of PatchMatch, and subsequently using alpha-expansion to jointly handle occlusions and perform regularization. We show attractive flow results on challenging synthetic and real-world scenes that push the practical limits of the aforementioned assumptions.
High green density ceramic components fabricated by the slurry-based 3DP process (2018)

The 3DP process has been modified to directly fabricate high green density parts using&#13;\nsubmicron powder. The slurry-based 3DP process deposits the powder bed by spraying a&#13;\ndispersed slurry of the component material onto a piston. Alumina, silicon nitride, and&#13;\nlead zirconate titanate components with green densities as high as 67% have been&#13;\nfabricated by the slurry-based 3DP process. Solution phase binder systems have proven&#13;\nto be successful for the new process. Substantially improved surface finish over the&#13;\nconventional dry powder-based 3DP process has been demonstrated. Layer heights less&#13;\nthan 50 Jlm can be prepared with this process. Thus, the stepped surface topography&#13;\ncommonly observed in solid free form parts is substantially reduced.
Fluorinated Radicamine A and B: Synthesis and Glycosidase Inhibition (2016)

Abstract Fluorinated derivatives of radicamine A and radicamine B have been synthesized from D ‐arabinose‐derived cyclic nitrone. Structure–activity relationship studies showed that glycosidase inhibition of these fluorinated derivatives was significantly influenced by the position of the fluorine atom. C‐7 or C‐11 fluorination of the aromatic ring decreased α‐glucosidase inhibition of the derivatives, whereas C‐8 or C‐10 fluorination preserved glycosidase inhibitory activities.
Continuous Creation of a Vortex in a Bose-Einstein Condensate with\n Hyperfine Spin F=2 (2002)

It is shown that a vortex can be continuously created in a Bose-Einstein\ncondensate with hyperfine spin F=2 in a Ioffe-Pritchard trap by reversing the\naxial magnetic field adiabatically. It may be speculated that the condensate\ncannot be confined in the trap since the weak-field seeking state makes\ntransitions to the neutral and the strong-field seeking states due to the\ndegeneracy of these states along the vortex axis when the axial field vanishes.\nWe have solved the Gross-Pitaevskii equation numerically with given external\nmagnetic fields to show that this is not the case. It is shown that a\nconsiderable fraction of the condensate remains in the trap even when the axial\nfield is reversed rather slowly. This scenario is also analysed in the presence\nof an optical plug along the vortex axis. Then the condensate remains within\nthe $F_z=2$ manifold, with respect to the local magnetic field, throughout the\nformation of a vortex and hence the loss of atoms does not take place.\n
Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA) and Energy Finite Element Analysis (EFEA) Predictions for a Floor-Equipped Composite Cylinder (2011)

Comet Enflow is a commercially available, high frequency vibroacoustic analysis software founded on Energy Finite Element Analysis (EFEA) and Energy Boundary Element Analysis (EBEA). Energy Finite Element Analysis (EFEA) was validated on a floor-equipped composite cylinder by comparing EFEA vibroacoustic response predictions with Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA) and experimental results. Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA) predictions were made using the commercial software program VA One 2009 from ESI Group. The frequency region of interest for this study covers the one-third octave bands with center frequencies from 100 Hz to 4000 Hz.
Towards an Efficient Microsystem for the Real‐Time Detection and Quantification of Mercury in Water Based on a Specifically Designed Fluorogenic Binary Task‐Specific Ionic Liquid (2009)

Schneller Quecksilbernachweis: Ein Mikrosystem für die Flüssig-flüssig-Extraktion und den Nachweis von Quecksilberionen in Wasser nutzt eine ionische Flüssigkeit mit maßgeschneidertem fluorogenem Salz (L1) als extrahierende Flüssigphase. Das An- und Ausschaltverhalten senkt die Wahrscheinlichkeit falsch positiver Resultate und ermöglicht den Nachweis von 50 ppb Hg2+ in wässriger Lösung.
Developing and using fast shear wave elastography to quantify physiologically-relevant tendon forces (2019)

Direct quantification of physiologically-relevant tendon forces can be used in a wide range of clinical applications. However, tendon forces have usually been estimated either indirectly by computational models or invasively using force transducers, and direct non-invasive measurement of forces remains a big challenge. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using Shear Wave Elastography (SWE) for quantifying human tendon forces at physiological levels. An experimental protocol was developed to measure Shear Wave Speed (SWS) and tensile force in a human patellar tendon using SWE and conventional tensile testing to quantify the correlation between SWS and load. The SWE system was customised to allow imaging of fast shear waves expected in human tendons under physiological loading which is outside the normal range of the existing SWE systems. SWS increased from 10.8 m/s to 36.1 m/s with the increasing tensile load from 8 N to 935 N and a strong linear correlation between SWS and load (r = 0.99, p < 0.01) was observed. The findings in this study suggest that SWE can be used as a potential non-invasive method for direct quantification of physiologically-relevant tendon forces, as well as for validating the estimated forces from other methods such as computational models.
Enantioselective Organocatalysis in Microreactors: Continuous Flow Synthesis of a (S)-Pregabalin Precursor and (S)-Warfarin (2015)

Continuous flow processes have recently emerged as a powerful technology for performing chemical transformations since they ensure some advantages over traditional batch procedures. In this work, the use of commercially available and affordable PEEK (Polyetheretherketone) and PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene) HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) tubing as microreactors was exploited to perform organic reactions under continuous flow conditions, as an alternative to the commercial traditional glass microreactors. The wide availability of tubing with different sizes allowed quickly running small-scale preliminary screenings, in order to optimize the reaction parameters, and then to realize under the best experimental conditions a reaction scale up for preparative purposes. The gram production of some Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) such as (S)-Pregabalin and (S)-Warfarin was accomplished in short reaction time with high enantioselectivity, in an experimentally very simple procedure.
A New Observation on the Phase Transformation of TiO2Nanoparticles Produced by a CVD Method (2004)

Titania (TiO2) nanoparticles with primary diameters of less than 30 nm were produced by the thermal decomposition of TTIP and by the oxidation of TiCl4 in a cylindrical furnace reactor at 1200°C. Particle size, crystalline phase, and phase transformation were investigated as a function of precursor concentration and total flow rate by TEM, a DMA/CNC system, XRD, and TG-DTA. The results show that both particle size and number concentration were increased with increasing precursor concentration, and that the primary size could be controlled by changing the operating conditions. An anatase-to-rutile phase transformation occurred at TTIP concentrations above 7.68 × 10−6 mol/l and this was enhanced with increasing precursor concentration. It is noteworthy that the transformation is independent of grain size but appears to be related to the presence of carbon impurities in the nanoparticles.
Air‐Accelerated Enantioselective Hydrosilylation of Ketones Catalyzed by Copper(I) Fluoride—Diphosphine Complexes: Investigations of the Effects of Temperature and Ligand Structure. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Pyrrolo[2,1‐c][1,4]benzodiazepines via Reductive Cyclization of ω‐Azido Carbonyl Compounds by TMSI: An Efficient Preparation of Antibiotic DC‐81 and Its Dimers. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
4-Substituted-5(3)-carbamoyl-3(5)-(2-deoxy-β-D-ribofuranosyl)pyrazoles. Application of Palladium Catalyzed Glycal Coupling Methodology to the Synthesis of Pyrazofurin Analogs (1997)

Abstract Analogs of the C-nucleoside pyrazofurin were prepared in 7–9 steps using a key Pd(0)- catalyzed coupling reaction between protected iodopyrazoles 6a and 6b and glycal 8 to form the glycosyl bond. Conditions for this reaction were improved from those previously described for related reactions in order to maximize product yields and eliminate the need for triphenylarsine.
Graph analytics on proximity data to fight contagion (2020)

As social distancing has become the new normal, it is eminent for enterprises and administrations to make decisions based on analytics on human proximity data Graph Analytics can serve as an essential technology to understand human network behaviors and contact tracing inferences in pandemic and post-pandemic scenarios A large amount of work has happened on epidemiology of pandemics However, a formal application of graph analytics backed by visualization and mapping of graph algorithms has remained neglected in pandemic scenarios This paper has addressed this important need backed by graph modeling, methods and analytics © 2020 CEUR-WS All rights reserved
Efficient performance evaluation of memory hierarchy for highly multithreaded graphics processors (2012)

With the emergence of highly multithreaded architectures, performance monitoring techniques face new challenges in efficiently locating sources of performance discrepancies in the program source code. For example, the state-of-the-art performance counters in highly multithreaded graphics processing units (GPUs) report only the overall occurrences of microarchitecture events at the end of program execution. Furthermore, even if supported, any fine-grained sampling of performance counters will distort the actual program behavior and will make the sampled values inaccurate. On the other hand, it is difficult to achieve high resolution performance information at low sampling rates in the presence of thousands of concurrently running threads. In this paper, we present a novel software-based approach for monitoring the memory hierarchy performance in highly multithreaded general-purpose graphics processors. The proposed analysis is based on memory traces collected for snapshots of an application execution. A trace-based memory hierarchy model with a Monte Carlo experimental methodology generates statistical bounds of performance measures without being concerned about the exact inter-thread ordering of individual events but rather studying the behavior of the overall system. The statistical approach overcomes the classical problem of disturbed execution timing due to fine-grained instrumentation. The approach scales well as we deploy an efficient parallel trace collection technique to reduce the trace generation overhead and a simple memory hierarchy model to reduce the simulation time. The proposed scheme also keeps track of individual memory operations in the source code and can quantify their efficiency with respect to the memory system. A cross-validation of our results shows close agreement with the values read from the hardware performance counters on an NVIDIA Tesla C2050 GPU. Based on the high resolution profile data produced by our model we optimized memory accesses in the sparse matrix vector multiply kernel and achieved speedups ranging from 2.4 to 14.8 depending on the characteristics of the input matrices.