gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Robust RegBayes: Selectively Incorporating First-Order Logic Domain Knowledge into Bayesian Models (2014)

Much research in Bayesian modeling has been done to elicit a prior distribution that incorpo-rates domain knowledge. We present a novel and more direct approach by imposing First-Order Logic (FOL) rules on the posterior distribution. Our approach unifies FOL and Bayesian model-ing under the regularized Bayesian framework. In addition, our approach automatically estimates the uncertainty of FOL rules when they are pro-duced by humans, so that reliable rules are incor-porated while unreliable ones are ignored. We apply our approach to latent topic modeling tasks and demonstrate that by combining FOL knowl-edge and Bayesian modeling, we both improve the task performance and discover more struc-tured latent representations in unsupervised and supervised learning. 1.
Novel functional imaging technique for the brachial plexus based on magnetoneurography (2019)

MNG is a novel and promising functional imaging modality for the brachial plexus.
MixBoost: Synthetic Oversampling with Boosted Mixup for Handling Extreme Imbalance (2020)

Training a classification model on a dataset where the instances of one class outnumber those of the other class is a challenging problem. Such imbalanced datasets are standard in real-world situations such as fraud detection, medical diagnosis, and computational advertising. We propose an iterative data augmentation method, MixBoost, which intelligently selects (Boost) and then combines (Mix) instances from the majority and minority classes to generate synthetic hybrid instances that have characteristics of both classes. We evaluate MixBoost on 20 benchmark datasets, show that it outperforms existing approaches, and test its efficacy through significance testing. We also present ablation studies to analyze the impact of the different components of MixBoost.
The Hungarian Diet of 1839-40 and the Fate of Szechenyi's Middle Course (1963)

Halfway between the publication of Széchenyi's Credit (Hitel , 1830) and the revolutionary year 1848, the Diet of 1839-40 stands out as an interesting episode of the Hungarian Reform Age. The importance of this period is generally recognized, but its interpretation is still problematic. Pre-World War I liberal historiographers tended to blame the “government of Vienna” for all the blunders committed before 1848. The conservative Szekfű school, more charitable to Metternich and Austria, was no less nationalistic in its approach to the non-Magyar minorities of Hungary, maintaining the myth of Magyar “spiritual supremacy” between the two world wars. Today, Marxist Hungarian historians try to be fair in their writings about the nationality problem but frown upon analyses of Austro-Hungarian cooperation, considering them apologies for the Habsburg Gesamtmonarchie . Modern Western historians, too, differ in their evaluation of nineteenth-century Hungarian reform and its leaders.
Cover Image (2021)

The cover image is based on the Research Article Visible light-induced photodeoxygenation of polycyclic selenophene Se-oxides by Satyanarayana M. Chintala, John C. Throgmorton, Peter F. Maness and Ryan D. McCulla, https://doi.org/10.1002/poc.4144.
On the role of the properties of the nonzero entries on sparse signal recovery (2010)

We study the role of the nonzero entries on the performance limits in support recovery of sparse signals. The key to our results is the recently studied connection between sparse signal recovery and multiple user communication. By leveraging the concept of outage capacity in information theory, we explicitly characterize the impact of the probability distribution imposed on the nonzero entries of the sparse signal on support recovery. When Multiple Measurement Vectors (MMV) are available, we show that the identification of the nonzero rows of the signal is closely connected to decoding the messages from multiple users over a Single-Input Multiple-Output channel. Necessary and sufficient conditions for support (indices of nonzero rows) recovery are provided, and the results allow us to understand the role of correlation of the nonzero entries as well as the role of the rank of the matrix formed from the non-zero entries.
Coexistence of Ferroelectricity and Ferromagnetism in a Rubidium Manganese Hexacyanoferrate (2007)

Ein multiferroisches Material: Rb0.82Mn[Fe(CN)6]0.94⋅H2O (siehe Bild; MnII rote Oktaeder, FeIII rote Kugeln, MnIII blaue Oktaeder, FeII blaue Kugeln, CN weiße Linien, Fe-Leerstellen Lücken; H2O weggelassen) ist sowohl ferroelektrisch, vermutlich durch ein Mischen von Fe-Leerstellen und FeII-, FeIII-, MnII- sowie Jahn-Teller-verzerrten MnIII-Zentren, als auch ferromagnetisch, durch ein paralleles Ausrichten der magnetischen Spins von MnIII. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2007/z604452_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Clinical implications of quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction of parvovirus B19 in kidney transplant recipients - a prospective study (2009)

This prospective study was designed to investigate the clinically significant level of parvovirus B19 viral load using quantitative real-time (RT) polymerase-chain reaction (PCR) in kidney transplantation (KT) recipients. One hundred forty-three adult recipients who underwent their first KT between November 2003 and October 2005 were enrolled. Six blood samples (the first taken preoperatively, subsequent samples taken every 4 weeks for 20 weeks) were taken from each patient for parvovirus B19 DNA RT-PCR analysis. All recipients were diligently followed for 1 year post-transplant. One hundred sixty-eight of the 715 (23.5%) postoperative samples were positive for parvovirus B19 PCR. Eighty-four of the 143 KT recipients (58.7%) showed at least one positive PCR. Sixteen of the 143 (11.1%) KT recipients had sustained severe anemia (SSA) with hemoglobin lower than 7.0 g/dl, after 4 weeks post-transplant. The incidence of SSA in recipients with a titer higher than 1 x 10(6) copies/5 microl whole blood was significantly higher than those with a negative or low titer (P < 0.001, positive predictive value 84.6%, negative predictive value 96.2%). In conclusion, a high titer of parvovirus B19 DNA higher than 1 x 10(6) copies/5 microl whole blood in KT recipients was related with SSA after 4 weeks post-transplant.
The Design Optimization of Antennas in the Presence of EBG AMC Ground Planes (2005)

A design methodology is presented for the optimization of conformal antennas with electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) surfaces to improve antenna performance. The EBG surface is obtained by utilizing a frequency selective surface (FSS) on top of a thin dielectric substrate backed by a metallic ground plane, to act as an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC). The antenna is then placed above the EBG surface to create the integrated EBG conformal antenna. This research demonstrates the ability to optimize both the antenna and EBG surface simultaneously in order to achieve improved antenna performance compared to the antenna and the EBG surface optimized separately. Results are presented for a broadband EBG conformal antenna system that operates from 5.5 to 7.1 GHz with a center frequency of 6.3 GHz.
Screening for Organotin Compounds in European Landfill Leachates (2001)

As industrial chemicals, organotin compounds are predominantly applied as polyvinyl chloride (PVC) stabilizers and biocides. They are widely encountered in environmental samples and may be introduced into landfills by disposal of municipal solid waste or sewage sludge. In the present study, leachate samples were obtained from several sanitary landfill sites in Sweden, Italy, and Germany. These samples were analyzed by means of a highly sensitive and species-selective method for methyltin, butyltin, and octyltin species. In total, twelve samples from eight different landfill sites at various ages were investigated. The findings of all target compounds range between less than the limit of detection at 0.1 microg/L and, at maximum, 4 microg/L. Only octyltin compounds can be attributed to PVC products with any certainty, whereas for methyltin and butyltin compounds alternative and less distinct sources exist. Organotin compounds are subject to microbial transformation, such as dealkylation and methylation processes. Consequently, caution should be exercised when attributing findings to potential sources and deriving any predicted environmental concentrations.
Mode-Shape Deformation of Power System DAEs by Time-Domain Integration Methods (2023)

This paper studies the numerical deformation that time-domain integration (TDI) methods introduce to the shape of the coupling between the dynamic modes and variables of power system models. To this aim, we employ a small-signal stability analysis (SSSA)-based framework where such mode-shape deformation is efficiently identified by comparing the modal participation factors (PFs) of the power system model with the PFs of the discrete-time system that is derived from the application of the TDI method. The proposed approach is illustrated for TDI methods commonly used in dynamic power system calculations.
An automated method for peak detection and matching in large gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry data sets (2006)

Abstract A new approach for peak detection and matching has been developed and applied to two data sets. The first consisted of the Gas Chromatography‐Mass Spectrometry (GC‐MS) samples of 965 human sweat samples obtained from a population of 197 individuals. The second data set contained 500 synthetic chromatograms, and was generated to validate the peak detection and matching methods. The size of both of the data sets (around 500 000 detectable peaks over all chromatograms in data set 1, and around 100 000 in data set 2) would make it unfeasible to check manually whether peaks are matched. In the method described, the first procedure involves pre‐processing the data before carrying out the second procedure of peak detection. The final procedure of peak matching consists of three stages: (a) finding potential target peaks in the full data set over all chromatograms; (b) matching peaks in the chromatograms to these targets to form clusters of spectra associated with each target; (c) merging targets where appropriate. Peak detection and matching were applied to both data sets, and the importance of stage (c) of peak matching described. In addition to the analysis of the synthetic chromatograms, the method was also validated by shuffling the original order of the sweat chromatograms and performing the methods independently on the newly shuffled data. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Hadamard Transform Time-of-Flight Spectroscopy (2010)

Abstract : This report describes the implementation of a new form of time-of-flight mass spectrometry based upon beam modulation and imaging detection which can be applied to studies of continuous ion beams requiring fast data acquisition rates over a large mass-to-charge ratio range. In addition, the use of the imaging detector in this method allows collection of mass-to-charge resolved movies of an ion beam. The capabilities of this method are demonstrated in studies of ion fragmentation reactions, biochemical kinetics, and the fundamental limitations of desorption electrospray ionization.
De Novo Engineering of Solid-State Metalloproteins Using Recombinant Coiled-Coil Silk (2015)

To achieve the sophisticated chemistry required for life, nature uses metal containing proteins (metalloproteins). However, despite intensive research efforts, very few of these metalloproteins have been exploited for biotechnological applications. One major limiting factor is the poor stability of these proteins when they are removed from their cellular environment. To produce stable metalloproteins, we have developed an engineering strategy that uses structural proteins which can be fabricated into a number of different solid-state materials. Here we demonstrate that a recombinant silk protein (AmelF3 - <i>Apis mellifera</i> Fibroin 3) binds heme and other metal macrocycles in a manner reminiscent of naturally occurring metalloproteins, whereby an amino acid coordinates directly to the metal center. Our strategy affords design at four different levels: the metal center, the organic macrocycle, the protein scaffold, and the material format structure. The solid-state metalloproteins produced remained functional when stored at room temperature for over one year.
Fate of Engineered Nanomaterials in Wastewater Biosolids, Land Application, and Incineration (2014)

Laboratory experiments were conducted using two types of well characterized ENMs, including ENMs of similar size but different surface functional group and ENMs contained in consumer products. A sorption protocol was developed to study the sorption behaviors of hydrophobic, cationic organic molecules and ionic silver on fresh and freeze dried biomass. Partition coefficients of model ENMs with wastewater biomass were determined in a series of batch experiments.In order to assess the occurrence of ENMs in biosolids and biosolids amended soils, field samples were collected from WWTPs, a set of EPA biosolids composite samples and full scale biosolids handling facilities. ENMs were found to be present in biomass, biosolids and soils receiving land-application of biosolids. The most common ENM observed was titanium dioxide. Other metallic particles in micro meter size were identified in biosolids, including precious metals such as gold and silver. This study is among the first to conduct in-depth and extensive characterization of metallic materials in biosolids, using scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy. To support these full-scale observations that ENMs accumulate in biomass, the laboratory work explored ways to predict the presence of ENMs in biosolids in the future as more ENMs are used by industry, commercial sectors and residences.This title belongs to WERF Research Report Series.ISBN: 9781780405490 (eBook)
An unusual nucleophilic attack on a carbonyl oxygen. Reaction of a positively charged oxygen atom (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAn unusual nucleophilic attack on a carbonyl oxygen. Reaction of a positively charged oxygen atomKoichi Shudo, Yutaka Orihara, Toshiharu Ohta, and Toshihiko OkamotoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 4, 943–944Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00394a040https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00394a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views293Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Chapter 7 Uniform-MT Method to Separate CEST Contrast from MT Effects (2017)

The development of chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST)imaging agents in the Laboratory of Cardiac Energetics beganwith our interest in the creatine kinase reaction kinetics invivo using 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to monitorthe exchange between creatine phosphate (CrP) and the γP ofadenosine triphosphate (ATP). We had been examining the reactionkinetics of this system in diﬀerent tissues but were concernedthat the summing of the reaction kinetics over the large voxel ofthe classical spectroscopy methods might be averaging diﬀerentrates across the tissues. Paul Hsieh was a Howard Hughes MedicalInstitute-NIH Research Scholar who had done an excellent job ofcharacterizing the gross tissue exchange rate [1], and we decidedthat the 25 mM CrP signal was suﬃciently large that we mightbe able to image the kinetics of the creatine kinase reaction bymonitoring the eﬀect of saturating the lower concentration γP-ATPand reading this out on the amplitude of CrP. We had previouslyestablished that the saturation transfer process is a great way toamplify the signal from low concentration exchange partners andis even capable of observing enzyme substrate complexes. Thiswas recently reviewed by Alan Koretsky and Robert Balaban [2].Important in this experiment was a control irradiation on the equalbut opposite side of the CrP resonance to control for imperfectionsin the irradiation. The importance of this will become clear in thefollowing paragraphs. Paul was very successful in this eﬀort. Webelieve publishing the ﬁrst image of a chemical exchange processin living tissue [3]. Unfortunately, this paper was published in theJournal of Magnetic Resonance, one of the best basic journals in the NMR ﬁeld, in 1987 before it was covered in Pub Med and is thus noteasy to ﬁnd by the biological and medical community.
Fysisk aktivitet, befolkningstillväxt och förtätning : - en studie om idrottsytor i planeringen (2020)

The purpose of this essay has been to highlight how a municipality, with a target of population growth, is planning and working with areas and spaces for physical activity. The method used to conduct this research has been a qualitative interview- and content study. To include spaces for physical activity in the planning phase has shown to have positive effects on people’s health which also can results in a positive impact on the wider society. Like many other municipalities in Sweden Skellefteå is working towards a population growth target. The development strategy to reach this target has a focus on densification. Densification can have several positive effects, but densification processes in cities can also lead to increased pressure on the remaining areas for physical activity. The results of the study have shown that Skellefteå municipality hasn’t had any tangible conflicts regarding how to use existing areas for physical activity, although some tendencies of potential future conflicts have started to emerge. The results of the study have also shown that several different factors impact people’s access and possibility to engage in psychical activity and that the access to areas for sports activities is dependent on what sport activity is being discussed.
Extracellular vesicles as mediators of alloimmunity and their therapeutic potential in liver transplantation (2020)

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogenous group of nanosized, membrane-bound particles which are released by most cell types. They are known to play an essential role in cellular communication by way of their varied cargo which includes selectively enriched proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. In the last two decades, wide-ranging evidence has established the involvement of EVs in the regulation of immunity, with EVs released by immune and non-immune cells shown to be capable of mediating immune stimulation or suppression and to drive inflammatory, autoimmune, and infectious disease pathology. More recently, studies have demonstrated the involvement of allograft-derived EVs in alloimmune responses following transplantation, with EVs shown to be capable of eliciting allograft rejection as well as promoting tolerance. These insights are necessitating the reassessment of standard paradigms of T cell alloimmunity. In this article, we explore the latest understanding of the impact of EVs on alloresponses following transplantation and we highlight the recent technological advances which have enabled the study of EVs in clinical transplantation. Furthermore, we discuss the rapid progress afoot in the development of EVs as novel therapeutic vehicles in clinical transplantation with particular focus on liver transplantation.
60 years of organic semiconductor research and development in Japan (2013)

Sixty years of research and development on organic semiconductors in Japan is reviewed. The concept of organic semiconductors was given as early as 1954, and early basic studies on organic semiconductors using single crystals of high-purity aromatic hydrocarbons started. Studies of device applications of organic semiconductors, organic electroluminescent devices, organic thin film transistors, and organic solar cells followed, and the first commercial products, small organic electroluminescent displays appeared in 1997.
Enhancement of efficiency and stability of phosphorescent OLEDs based on heterostructured light-emitting layers (2011)

The light-emitting efficiency and stability of a phosphorescent organic light-emitting device (OLED), whose emission characteristics are strongly dominated not only by the energy transfer but also by the charge carrier trapping influenced by heterostructured emissive layers, are studied. The variation of the material combination of the heterostructured emitter, both for mixed and double layer configuration, affects the charge injection behaviour, luminous efficiency and stability. Both double and mixed emitter configurations yield low-voltage and high-efficiency behaviour (51 lm W −1 at 1000 cd m −2 ; 30 lm W −1 at 10 000 cd m −2 ). Such an improvement in power efficiency at elevated brightness is sufficiently universal, while the enhancement of device half-lifetime is rather sensitive to the circumstantial layout of heterostructural emitters. With an optimal mixture of hole-transport type and electron-transport type, a half-lifetime of more than 2500 h at 4000 cd m −2 is obtained, which is 8 times the half-lifetime of control devices with a single emitter structure. The origin and criterion for enhancement of efficiency and lifetime are discussed in terms of the carrier transport behaviour with a specific device architecture.
Interleukin-18 mediates interleukin-1-induced cardiac dysfunction (2014)

Patients with heart failure (HF) have enhanced systemic IL-1 activity, and, in the experimental mouse model, IL-1 induces left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction. Whether the effects of IL-1 are direct or mediated by an inducible cytokine, such as IL-18, is unknown. Recombinant human IL-18-binding protein (IL-18BP) or an IL-18-blocking antibody (IL-18AB) was used to neutralize endogenous IL-18 after challenge with the plasma of patients with HF or with recombinant murine IL-1β in adult male mice. Plasma levels of IL-18 and IL-6 (a key mediator of IL-1-induced systemic effects) and LV fractional shortening were measured in mice sedated with pentobarbital sodium (30-50 mg/kg). Mice with genetic deletion of IL-18 or IL-18 receptors were compared with matching wild-type mice. A group of mice received murine IL-18 to evaluate the effects on LV fractional shortening. Plasma from HF patients and IL-1β induced LV systolic dysfunction that was prevented by pretreatment with IL-18AB or IL-18BP. IL-1β failed to induce LV systolic dysfunction in mice with genetic deletion of IL-18 signaling. IL-1β induced a significant increase in plasma IL-18 and IL-6 levels. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of IL-18 signaling failed to block the induction of IL-6 by IL-1β. In conclusion, IL-1 induces a release of active IL-18 in the mouse that mediates the LV systolic dysfunction but not the induction of IL-6. IL-18 blockade may therefore represent a novel and more targeted therapeutic approach to treat HF.