gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Opportunities to improve immune-based prevention of HPV-associated cancers (2019)

Immunization of adolescent girls with VLP vaccines, made of L1 proteins from the most medically significant high risk HPV types, is a major strategy for prevention of cervical cancer plus other HPV-associated cancers. Maximal population impact, including through herd immunity, requires high vaccination coverage. However, protection of unvaccinated women requires secondary prevention through cytology screening. Unfortunately in countries with the highest incidence/mortality due to cervical cancer HPV vaccination (or cytology screening) is not sufficiently available. Vaccination programme costs and a lack of accessibility of the populations for immunization remain significant hurdles. Several approaches could increase effective implementation of HPV vaccination. 1) Use of a single immunization of the current VLP vaccines. 2) Vaccination bundled with other paediatric vaccines with lower dosage to facilitate delivery, improve coverage and reduce costs through established logistics. 3) Local manufacture with lower cost systems (e.g. bacteria) for VLP or capsomer based vaccine production and utilization of additional protective epitopes (e.g L2) for increasing breadth of protection. However, all the latter need appropriate clinical validation. Gender neutral vaccination and extending routine vaccination strategies to women up to age 30 years in combination with at least one HPV screening test can also hasten impact on cancer incidence.
Morphological and crystalline properties of airbrush spray-deposited enzymatic cellulose thin films (2019)

Morphological and crystalline properties of airbrush spray-deposited enzymatic cellulose thin films
Repeated avian infectious bronchitis virus infections within a single chicken farm (2019)

Genotyping of avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) was performed on trachea and kidney samples of six chickens obtained from a single farm in Japan. Using two primer sets targeting the spike (S) protein gene, the S1 and S2 regions of DNA fragments were amplified. Sequences of amplified S1 fragments extracted from both organs were identical among the six chickens, showing a JP-I genotype. Sequences of amplified S2 fragments differed between trachea and kidney samples. The kidney profile showed a group IV genotype, whereas the trachea profile showed an unclassified group. This result showed that two different IBVs infected the six chickens. The first IBV infection induced poor protective immunity in this farm, permitting a second IBV infection to occur.
5-(4-Hydroxy-2,3,5-trimethylbenzylidene) thiazolidine-2,4-dione attenuates atherosclerosis possibly by reducing monocyte recruitment to the lesion (2011)

A variety of benzylidenethiazole analogs have been demonstrated to inhibit 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX). Here we report the anti-atherogenic potential of 5-(4-hydroxy- 2,3,5-trimethylbenzylidene) thiazolidin-2,4-dione (HMB-TZD), a benzylidenethiazole analog, and its potential mechanism of action in LDL receptor-deficient (Ldlr-/-) mice. HMB-TZD Treatment reduced leukotriene B4 (LTB4) production significantly in RAW264.7 macrophages and SVEC4-10 endothelial cells. Macrophages or endothelial cells pre-incubated with HMB-TZD for 2 h and then stimulated with lipopolysaccharide or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) displayed reduced cytokine production. Also, HMB-TZD reduced cell migration and adhesion in accordance with decreased proinflammatory molecule production in vitro and ex vivo. HMB-TZD treatment of 8-week-old male Ldlr-/- mice resulted in significantly reduced atherosclerotic lesions without a change to plasma lipid profiles. Moreover, aortic expression of pro-atherogenic molecules involved in the recruitment of monocytes to the aortic wall, including TNF-α , MCP-1, and VCAM-1, was downregulated. HMB-TZD also reduced macrophage infiltration into atherosclerotic lesions. In conclusion, HMB-TZD ameliorates atherosclerotic lesion formation possibly by reducing the expression of proinflammatory molecules and monocyte/macrophage recruitment to the lesion. These results suggest that HMB-TZD, and benzylidenethiazole analogs in general, may have therapeutic potential as treatments for atherosclerosis.
Three-Axis Ground Reaction Force Distribution during Straight Walking (2017)

We measured the three-axis ground reaction force (GRF) distribution during straight walking. Small three-axis force sensors composed of rubber and sensor chips were fabricated and calibrated. After sensor calibration, 16 force sensors were attached to the left shoe. The three-axis force distribution during straight walking was measured, and the local features of the three-axis force under the sole of the shoe were analyzed. The heel area played a role in receiving the braking force, the base area of the fourth and fifth toes applied little vertical or shear force, the base area of the second and third toes generated a portion of the propulsive force and received a large vertical force, and the base area of the big toe helped move the body's center of mass to the other foot. The results demonstrate that measuring the three-axis GRF distribution is useful for a detailed analysis of bipedal locomotion.
Compliant Pantographs via the Pseudo-Rigid-Body Model (1998)

Abstract This paper uses a familiar classical mechanism, the pantograph, to demonstrate the utility of the pseudo-rigid-body model in the design of compliant mechanisms to replace rigid-link mechanisms, and to illustrate the advantages and limitations of the resulting compliant mechanisms. To demonstrate the increase in design flexibility, three different compliant mechanism configurations were developed for a single corresponding rigid-link mechanism. The rigid-link pantograph consisted of six links and seven joints, while the corresponding compliant mechanisms had no more than two links and three joints (a reduction of at least four links and four joints). A fourth compliant pantograph, corresponding to a rhomboid pantograph, was also designed and tested. The test results showed that the pseudo-rigid-body model predictions were accurate over a large range, and the mechanisms had displacement characteristics of rigid-link mechanisms in that range. The limitations of the compliant mechanisms included reduced range compared to their rigid-link counterparts. Also, the force-deflection characteristics were predicted by the pseudo-rigid-body model, but they did not resemble those for a rigid-link pantograph because of the energy storage in the flexible segments.
A power factor corrector with bidirectional power transfer capability (2002)

This paper describes a high-power-factor electric utility interface that is capable of bidirectional power transfer, i.e., to or from the electric utility. Bidirectional power transfer capability is essential in many servomechanical and power electronic drive applications. The circuit presented here is capable of serving as a rectifier, an inverter, or as a stand-alone power supply (when operated with a battery as a load). It performs these functions with significantly enhanced efficiency and construction simplicity in comparison to conventional boost-type high power factor rectifiers.
Neoadjuvant Endocrine Therapy in Breast Cancer: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives (2020)

In locally advanced (LA) breast cancer (BC), neoadjuvant treatments have led to major achievements, which hold particular relevance in HER2-positive and triple-negative BC. Conversely, their role in hormone receptor positive (HR+), hormone epidermal growth factor 2 negative (HER2-) BC is still under debate, mainly due to the generally low rates of pathological complete response (pCR) and lower accuracy of pCR as predictors of long-term outcomes in this patient subset. While administration of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) in LA, HR+, HER2- BC patients is widely used in clinical practice, neoadjuvant endocrine therapy (NET) still retains an unfulfilled potential in the management of these subgroups, particularly in elderly and unfit patients. In addition, NET has gained a central role as a platform to test new drugs and predictive biomarkers in previously untreated patients. We herein present historical data regarding Tamoxifen and/or Aromatase Inhibitors and a debate on recent evidence regarding agents such as CDK4/6 and PI3K/mTOR inhibitors in the neoadjuvant setting. We also discuss key issues concerning the optimal treatment length, appropriate comparisons with NCT efficacy and use of NET in premenopausal patients.
The Willingness to Pay–Willingness to Accept Gap, the “Endowment Effect,” Subject Misconceptions, and Experimental Procedures for Eliciting Valuations (2005)

We conduct experiments to explore the possibility that subject misconceptions, as opposed to a particular theory of preferences referred to as the “endowment effect,” account for reported gaps between willingness to pay (“WTP”) and willingness to accept (“WTA”). The literature reveals two important facts. First, there is no consensus regarding the nature or robustness of WTP-WTA gaps. Second, while experimenters are careful to control for subject misconceptions, there is no consensus about the fundamental properties of misconceptions or how to avoid them. Instead, by implementing different types of experimental controls, experimenters have revealed notions of how misconceptions arise. Experimenters have applied these controls separately or in different combinations. Such controls include ensuring subject anonymity, using incentive-compatible elicitation mechanisms, and providing subjects with practice and training on the elicitation mechanism before employing it to measure valuations. The pattern of results reported in the literature suggests that the widely differing reports of WTP-WTA gaps could be due to an incomplete science regarding subject misconceptions. We implement a “revealed theory” methodology to compensate for the lack of a theory of misconceptions. Theories implicit in experimental procedures found in the literature are at the heart of our experimental design. Thus, our approach to addressing subject misconceptions reflects an attempt to control simultaneously for all dimensions of concern over possible subject misconceptions found in the literature. To this end, our procedures modify the Becker-DeGroot-Marschak mechanism used in previous studies to elicit values. In addition, our procedures supplement commonly used procedures by providing extensive training on the elicitation mechanism before subjects provide WTP and WTA responses. Experiments were conducted using both lotteries and mugs, goods frequently used in endowment effect experiments. Using the modified procedures, we observe no gap between WTA and WTP. Therefore, our results call into question the interpretation of observed gaps as evidence of loss aversion or prospect theory. Further evidence is required before convincing interpretations of observed gaps can be advanced.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Photochemical Method of Homolytic Alkylation of Heteroaromatic Bases by Alkyl Iodides and Iodosobenzene Diacetate. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Innentitelbild: Synthesis of Carbon/Sulfur Nanolaminates by Electrochemical Extraction of Titanium from Ti2SC (Angew. Chem. 16/2015) (2015)

Eine elektrochemische Methode wurde entwickelt, mit der Ti selektiv aus der MAX-Phase Ti2SC extrahiert werden kann, um C/S-Nanolaminate zu gewinnen, die vornehmlich aus amorphen sowie einigen graphenartigen Nanoflocken bestehen. In der Zuschrift auf S. 4892 ff. untersuchen Y. Gogotsi et al. die C/S-Nanolaminate als vielversprechende Kathodenmaterialien für Li/S-Batterien. Sie zeigen außerdem, dass Ti aus einer Reihe anderer MAX-Phasen elektrochemisch extrahiert werden kann, um eine neue Klasse von “AX"-Phasen zu erhalten, von denen die meisten als Nanoschichtstrukturen vorliegen sollten.
Assessment of cardiac function during mechanical circulatory support: The quest for a suitable clinical index (2011)

A new index to assess left ventricular (LV) function in patients implanted with continuous flow left-ventricular assist devices (LVADs) is proposed. Derived from the pump flow signal, this index is defined as the coefficient (k) of the semilogarithmic relationship between "pseudo-ejection" fraction (pEF) and the volume discharged by the pump in diastole, (V d). pEF is defined as the ratio of the "pseudo-stroke volume" (pSV) to V d. The pseudo-stroke volume is the difference between V d and the volume discharged by the pump in systole (V s), both obtained by integrating pump flow with respect to time in a cardiac cycle. k was compared in-vivo with others two indices: the LV pressure-based index, M(TP), and the pump flow-based index, I(Q). M(TP) is the slope of the linear regression between the "triple-product" and end-diastolic pressure, EDP. The triple-product, TP = LV SP.dP/dt(max). HR, is the product of LV systolic pressure, maximum time-derivative of LV pressure, and heart rate. I(Q) is the slope of the linear regression between maximum time-derivative of pump flow, dQ/dt(max), and pump flow peak-to-peak amplitude variation, Q(P2P). To test the response of k to contractile state changes, contractility was altered through pharmacological interventions. The absolute value of k decreased from 1.354 ± 0.25 (baseline) to 0.685 ± 0.21 after esmolol infusion. The proposed index is sensitive to changes in inotropic state, and has the potential to be used clinically to assess contractile function of patients implanted with VAD.
ClariSense: Clarifying sensor anomalies using social network feeds (2014)

The explosive growth in social networks that publish real-time content begs the question of whether their feeds can complement traditional sensors to achieve augmented sensing capabilities. One such capability is to explain anomalous sensor readings. Towards that end, in this paper, we build an automated anomaly clarification service, called ClariSense. It explains sensor anomalies using social network feeds. Explanation goes beyond detection. When a sensor network detects anomalous conditions, our system automatically suggests hypotheses that explain the likely causes of the anomaly to a human by identifying unusual social network feeds that seem to be correlated with the sensor anomaly in time and in space. To evaluate this service, we use real-time data feeds from the California traffic system that shares vehicle count and traffic speed on major California highways at 5 minute intervals. When anomalies are detected, our system automatically diagnoses their root cause by correlating the anomaly with feeds on Twitter. The identified cause is then compared to official traffic and incident reports, showing a great correspondence with ground truth.
TL1A Selectively Enhances IL-12/IL-18-Induced NK Cell Cytotoxicity against NK-Resistant Tumor Targets (2010)

TL1A increased cytotoxicity of IL-12/IL-18-activated NK cells against target cells dependent on NK activation for lysis and could function in vivo as a key co-activator of NK cytotoxicity.
Chapter 14. Biological chemistry. Part (i) Prostaglandins (1981)

R. F. Newton and S. M. Roberts, Annu. Rep. Prog. Chem., Sect. B: Org. Chem., 1981, 78, 347 DOI: 10.1039/OC9817800347
Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) has pronounced effects on skin biology (2019)

Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) belongs to the TGF-β superfamily of proteins and is closely related to myostatin. Recent findings show that GDF11 has rejuvenating properties with pronounced effects on the cardiovascular system, brain, skeletal muscle, and skeleton in mice. Several human studies were also conducted, some implicating decreasing levels of circulating GDF11 with age. To date, however, there have not been any reports on its role in human skin. This study examined the impact of GDF11 on human skin, specifically related to skin aging. The effect of recombinant GDF11 on the function of various skin cells was examined in human epidermal keratinocytes, dermal fibroblasts, melanocytes, dermal microvascular endothelial cells and 3D skin equivalents, as well as in ex vivo human skin explants. GDF11 had significant effects on the production of dermal matrix components in multiple skin models in vitro and ex vivo. In addition, it had a pronounced effect on expression of multiple skin related genes in full thickness 3D skin equivalents. This work, for the first time, demonstrates an important role for GDF11 in skin biology and a potential impact on skin health and aging.
Quantification of regional myocardial blood flow using 13N-ammonia and reoriented dynamic positron emission tomographic imaging. (1992)

Regional myocardial blood flow can be measured accurately and noninvasively from serially acquired and reoriented short-axis 13N-ammonia images, thus overcoming limitations inherent to the use of transaxially acquired images and permitting a more complete evaluation of regional blood flows throughout the left ventricular myocardium.
Development of the on-the-fly ontology matching model for smart spaces (2011)

Semantic interoperability of the agents connected to smart spaces is the key requirement for proper functioning of the environment. It requires model enabling agents (hereafter knowledge processors) to perform on-the-fly translation and interpretation between the internal ontology and smart space ontology. The paper discusses our work on development of a new solution for ontology matching. In particular the study is focused on practical study of the capabilities of the delivered ontology matching solution on top of the Smart-M3 Open Source platform.
Practical and Efficient Synthesis of Tris(4-formylphenyl)amine, a Key Building Block in Materials Chemistry (2005)

A short, practical and efficient preparation of tris(4-formylphenyl)amine, a key building block in materials chemistry, is described. It involves a two-flask synthesis from triphenylamine, which requires shorter overall time than the direct one-flask threefold Vilsmeier-Haack formylation, while giving higher yields. The reaction levels off at the disubstitution stage, due to the deactivation of the bis-iminium intermediate, but hydrolysis of the latter into a less deactivated dialdehyde allows the third formylation to occur. The simple experimental protocol makes this method more convenient than the previously reported procedures.
Aislamiento, clonación e identificación del gen codificante para una proteína de poro nuclear sobre expresada en células tumorales (2000)

Anteriormente, nuestro grupo (Br J Cancer 77:1015-1020,1998) describio que un anticuerpo monoclonal (C6) desarrollado contra manoproteinas de choque termico de Candida albicans reaccionaba especificamente contra una proteina en celulas de cancer de ovario humano, y que esta reaccion no se daba en celulas normales. Estos resultados sugieren que el antigeno reconocido podria estar relacionado con el desarrollo tumoral. La presente Tesis Doctoral ha tenido como objetivo la identificacion de dicha proteina. Para ello, se llevo a cabo un screening en una biblioteca de cDNA de celulas tumorales humanas (HeLa, clonada en IGY11), utilizando el anticuerpo C6 como sonda. Mediante dicho procedimiento, se aislo el gen Nup88, que codifica la nucleoporina Nup88, localizada en la cara citoplasmica del poro nuclear, y cuya funcion es aun desconocida. El extremo N-terminal de la proteina fue clonado y expresado en bacterias, en fusion a la Glutachion-S-transferase. La proteina fue inyectada en conejos para producir anticuerpos policlonales. Se estudio el nivel de expresion de Nup88 en celulas tumorales y normales, tanto a nivel de RNA como nivel de proteinas. Como ultimo paso de la investigacion. Se realizo un estudio de expresion de Nup88 en lineas celulares humanas procedentes de diferentes organos, asi como en biopsias de diferentes tipos de tumores. Se pudo demostrar una clara sobreexpresion de RNA coo a nivel proteico (Cancer Res 59;5408-5411,1999). Dado que el locus de Nup88 se halla en 17p13,y esta region cromosomica (que contiene, entre otros, tambien el locus p53) se pierde con frecuencia durante la genesis de divesos tumores, entre ellos el cancer de ovario, realizamos un estudio piloto sobre 51 muestras clinicas de cancer de ovario humano (Oncogene, enviado para publicacion). En el, correlacionamos los niveles de expresion Nup88 con la expresion de marcadores de las dos principales vias oncosupresoras implicadas en el cancer de ovario hu
Antimicrobial Effect of Fluoroquinolones for the Eradication of Nontypeable Haemophilus Influenzae Isolates within Biofilms (2008)

Biofilms can be defined as communities of microorganisms attached to a surface. Those bacterial biofilms cause serious problems, such as antibiotic resistance and medical device-related infections. Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is an important pathogen in respiratory infections, as it forms biofilms both in vitro and in vivo such as human middle ear. Recent reports indicate that otitis media, paranasal sinusitis and lower respiratory tract infections caused by Haemophilus influenzae have become more difficult to treat with oral antibiotic therapy. However, there has been no attention given to antibiotic eradication of NTHi biofilm. To investigate the antimicrobial effect of various antibiotics against NTHi biofilm formation, we conducted the following comparative study using both beta-lactamase-negative ampicillin (AMP)-susceptible (BLNAS) and AMP-resistant (BLNAR) NTHi strains. In a microtiter biofilm assay, both levofloxacin and gatifloxacin, of the fluoroquinolone antibiotic group, significantly inhibited biofilm formation by BLNAS and BLNAR NTHi in a dose-dependent fashion compared to ampicillin of the penicillin antibiotic group, cefotaxime of the cephalosporin antibiotic group, and both erythromycin and clarithromycin of the macrolide antibiotic group. Furthermore, in flow cell chamber studies, confocal laser scanning microscopy counted survival bacteria in mature biofilm had been treated with gatifloxacin, ampicillin, cefotaxime and erythromycin. Only gatifloxacin completely killed the BLNAR NTHi isolates within biofilms without regard to the thickness of biofilm formation. The results of this study suggest that fluoroquinolones potentially have a role in therapy against diseases caused by both BLNAS and BLNAR NTHi isolates within biofilms.
Dynamic increase and decrease of photonic crystal nanocavity Q factors for optical pulse control (2008)

We introduce recent advances in dynamic control over the Q factor of a photonic crystal nanocavity system. By carefully timing a rapid increase of the Q factor from 3800 to 22,000, we succeed in capturing a 4ps signal pulse within the nanocavity with a photon lifetime of 18ps. By performing an additional transition of the Q factor within the photon lifetime, the held light is once again ejected from of the system on demand.
Optical absorption spectroscopy of Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions in LiNbO3 (2002)

We provide a method to measure concentrations of Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions in LiNbO3. The method, based only on optical absorption spectroscopy, provides a convenient means to determine the absorption cross sections for Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions, along with an independent measurement of the Fe2+ and Fe3+ concentrations in a given LiNbO3 crystal. The absorption cross section of the Fe2+ ions found by this method correlated well with a previously measured value. The cross section of the Fe3+ ions was obtained. It was also found that in some samples a significant fraction of Fe ions did not contribute to the absorption in the visible.