gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spin Wave Normalization Towards all Magnonic Circuits (2021)

The key enabling factor for Spin Wave (SW) technology utilization for building ultra low power circuits is the ability to energy efficiently cascade SW basic computation blocks. SW Majority gates, which constitute a universal gate set for this paradigm, operating on phase encoded data are not input output coherent in terms of SW amplitude, and as such, their cascading requires information representation conversion from SW to voltage and back, which is by no means energy effective. In this paper, a novel conversion free SW gate cascading scheme is proposed that achieves SW amplitude normalization by means of a directional coupler. After introducing the normalization concept, we utilize it in the implementation of three simple circuits and, to demonstrate its bigger scale potential, of a 2-bit inputs SW multiplier. The proposed structures are validated by means of the Object Oriented Micromagnetic Framework (OOMMF) and GPU-accelerated Micromagnetics (MuMax3). Furthermore, we assess the normalization induced energy overhead and demonstrate that the proposed approach consumes 20% to 33% less energy when compared with the transducers based conventional counterpart. Finally, we introduce a normalization based SW 2-bit inputs multiplier design and compare it with functionally equivalent SW transducer based and 16nm CMOS designs. Our evaluation indicate that the proposed approach provided 26% and 6.25x energy reductions when compared with the conventional approach and 16nm CMOS counterpart, respectively, which demonstrates that our proposal is energy effective and opens the road towards the full utilization of the SW paradigm potential and the development of SW only circuits.
P1‐323: The impact of assay format on sensitivity and matrix tolerance for plasma beta‐amyloid peptide (Aβ‐40 and Aβ‐42) measurements (2012)

Aβ peptides in blood can be measured with sensitive immunoassays yet absolute Aβ peptide concentrations differ widely among reports. Assay format, antibody orientation, and matrix interferences contribute to assay variability. Here we describe an evaluation of multiple assay formats with respect to sensitivity and plasma matrix tolerance. Immunoassays developed by Meso Scale Discovery® (MSD) included a format that paired an N-terminal-domain binding antibody (6E10) as capture antibody with peptide-specific (Aβ-40 or Aβ-42) mouse monoclonal antibodies as detectors and an alternate format that paired the peptide-specific antibodies as capture antibodies with a 6E10 detector. Assay sensitivity (the lowest calibration point for which recovery was within 20% of the expected concentration and imprecision was less than 20%) was determined for each assay. Studies to evaluate matrix tolerance included dilutional linearity of pooled plasma from 5- to 80-fold dilution and spike and recovery studies with 500 pg/mL Aβ-40 and Aβ-42 peptides. Experimental samples were measured in duplicate using both assay orientations. The Aβ-42 assay with the peptide-specific capture antibody shows greater sensitivity than the assay using a 6E10 capture antibody (4.12 pg/mL vs. 37 pg/mL). Both Aβ-40 assay orientations are equally sensitive (less than 4.5 pg/mL). Aβ-42 concentrations exhibit a proportional bias between the two formats, with absolute measured concentrations 60-90% lower when using the peptide capture antibody format, whereas Aβ-40 concentrations exhibit a proportional bias of 20-40% using the peptide-specific capture orientation. Dilutional linearity is better for Aβ-42 and Aβ-40 assays using the 6E10 capture antibody format, falling between 80-120% for all dilutions. In spike and recovery studies, Aβ-42 and Aβ-40 recover between 80-120% using the 6E10 capture antibody format. In contrast, recovery of Aβ-42 in spiked plasma diluted 5-fold is 30% using the peptide capture antibody format. A 40-fold dilution is required to eliminate plasma matrix effects, whereas a 4-fold dilution is sufficient to eliminate matrix effects in cerebrospinal fluid for the Aβ-42 assay. This study suggests that an unidentified component in plasma interferes with binding of peptide-specific antibodies to the Aβ-42 C-terminus. An assay format that includes 6E10 as the capture antibody reduces the effect of this interferent.
Brief but Chronic Increase in Allopregnanolone Cause Accelerated AD Pathology Differently in Two Mouse Models (2013)

Previously, we have shown that chronic treatment with allopregnanolone (ALLO) for three months impaired learning function in the Swe/PS1 mouse model. ALLO is a neurosteroid, produced in the CNS and a GABAA receptor agonist. ALLO modulates the general inhibitory system in the CNS by enhancing the effect of GABA. Chronic treatment with other GABAA receptor active compounds, such as benzodiazepines, ethanol and medroxy-progesterone acetate has been associated to cognitive decline and/or increased risk for dementia. In this study, we sufficed with a treatment period of one month for the Swe/PS1 mouse, and included another Alzheimer’s disease mouse model; the Swe/Arc model. We found that one month of chronic treatment with elevated ALLO levels within physiological range impaired learning and memory function in the Swe/Arc female and male mice. Male Swe/PS1 mice also showed marginally impaired function, while the female mice did not. Furthermore, the chronic ALLO treatment caused increased levels of soluble Aβ in the Swe/PS1 mouse model while the levels were unchanged in the Swe/Arc model. Therefore, both Swe/Arc and Swe/PS1 mice showed signs of accelerated disease progression. Still, further studies are required to determine the mechanisms behind the cognitive impairment and the increased Aβ-levels caused by mildly elevated ALLO-levels. Keywords: Allopregnanolone, Alzheimer’s disease, beta-amyloid1-42, beta-amyloid1-40, cognition, physiological stress, transgenic
Development of Microwave-Excited Plasma-Enhanced Metal–Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition System for Forming Ferroelectric Sr2(Ta1-x,Nbx)2O7 Thin Film on Amorphous SiO2 (2007)

Sr2(Ta1-x,Nbx)2O7 (STN; x = 0.3) is suitable for use as ferroelectric gate field-effect transistors (FETs) for one-transistor-type ferroelectric memory devices, because it has a low dielectric constant. For applications using metal–ferroelectric–insulator–semiconductor (MFIS) FETs, crystallization of ferroelectric film on insulator is necessary. Perovskite STN can be successfully obtained on amorphous SiO2 by ferroelectric-multilayer-stack (FMLS) deposition, which uses alternating steps of STN sputtering deposition and oxygen radical treatment. In this study, we report on a newly developed microwave-excited plasma-enhanced metal–organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) system, in which STN can be deposited in radical oxygen atmosphere. We succeeded in the fabrication of STN on amorphous SiO2 in a single process. The IrO2/STN (200 nm)/SiO2 (10 nm)/p-type Si device shows capacitance–voltage (C–V) hysteresis curves and a memory window of 1.2 V with a 5 V writing operation.
Synthesis of Simple Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose Analogues (2008)

[See figures]. The synthesis of analogues of adenosine diphosphate ribose and acetylated adenosine diphosphate ribose, modified at the northern pentose, is reported. The stereochemistry at the acetylated centers was chosen to minimize acetyl migration and dictated the overall synthetic strategy.
Noncancer Causes of Death in Survivors of Testicular Cancer (2007)

Men who have survived for at least 1 year after being diagnosed with testicular cancer have a slightly higher risk of dying from noncancer causes, including infections, digestive diseases, and circulatory diseases, than the general population. Men treated with chemotherapy in 1975 or later may be at particularly high risk.
Relapses of Idiopathic Diffuse Crescentic Glomerulonephritis without Immune Deposits: Report of 6 Cases (1987)

Idiopathic diffuse crescentic glomerulonephritis without immune deposits is a variant of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis which can account for up to 40% of crescentic nephritis. The prognosis may depend on both the severity of histological injury at presentation and the efficacy of treatment. Recent advances in therapy have improved the outlook further, and prolonged stable remissions with mild renal failure can occur which contrast with the previously common evolution towards end-stage renal failure within a few weeks. However, relapses in otherwise stable remission may be seen, and we describe a series of 6 acute relapses interrupting such prolonged remissions. The relapses were defined by clinical and histological means. This modification of the natural history of some crescentic glomerulonephritis may reflect new therapeutic strategies, and the relapses may reflect a cyclical nature to the disease evolution which was previously hidden by hemodialysis. The possibility of successive flares suggests that kidney biopsies should be repeated when a rapid deterioration of renal function occurs, since treatment such as high-dose steroids and/or plasma exchange can be again effective if started early.
Supplementary Tables S1 - S6 from Biallelic Alteration and Dysregulation of the Hippo Pathway in Mucinous Tubular and Spindle Cell Carcinoma of the Kidney (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Tables S1 - S6. Supplementary Table S1. Patient clinical characteristics and summary of the observed molecular aberrations in the MTSCC cases studied. Supplementary Table S2. Sequencing quality metrics. Supplementary Table S3. Detailed list of somatic mutation calls in MTSCC cohort. Supplementary Table S4. Twenty three genes commonly regulated by PTPN14 siRNAs in the 3 cell lines identified by analysis of RNAseq data. (Supplementary Fig S4E). Supplementary Table S5. Geneset Enrichment analysis dataset details. Supplementary Table S6. Summary of immunohistochemistry staining results.&lt;/p&gt;
Arthroscopic McLaughlin Procedure for Treatment of Posterior Instability of the Shoulder With an Engaging Reverse Hill‐Sachs Lesion (2019)

Posterior shoulder dislocation is associated with an engaging reverse Hill-Sachs lesion (i.e., involving >25% of the articular surface of the humeral head) in 28% of cases, leading to posterior instability. Isolated capsulolabral fixation usually performed to treat posterior instability is not effective at stabilizing the shoulder when there is such a bony lesion. The original McLaughlin procedure, first described in 1952, consists of detaching the subscapularis tendon from the lesser tuberosity and transferring it to the bony defect by an open approach. Several open and arthroscopic modifications of this technique have been described since this description. This article describes a truly arthroscopic McLaughlin procedure. Arthroscopy allows complete visualization of the glenohumeral joint and allows associated posterior and anterior soft-tissue lesions to be addressed at the same time. Moreover, the morbidity of open procedures is avoided. Although this procedure is known to be effective at stabilizing the shoulder, further long-term studies are required to assess the functional outcomes.
Reversible Cyclic Peptide Libraries for the Discovery of Affinity Ligands (2013)

A novel strategy is presented for the identification of cyclic peptide ligands from combinatorial libraries of reversible cyclic depsipeptides. A method for the solid-phase synthesis of individual cyclic depsipeptides and combinatorial libraries of these compounds is proposed, which employs lactic acid (Lact) and the dipeptide ester (Nα-Ac)-Ser(Ala)- as linkers for dilactonization. Upon alkaline treatment of the beads selected by screening a model library, the cyclic depsipeptides are linearized and released from the solid support to the liquid phase, to be sequenced via single-step tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). The protocol presented for library synthesis provides for wide structural diversity. Two model sequences, VVWVVK and AAWAAR, were chosen to present different structural examples for depsipeptide libraries and demonstrate the process of sequence determination by mass spectrometry. Further, a case study using the IgG binding cyclic depsipeptide cyclo[(Nα-Ac)-S(A)-RWHYFK-Lact-E] is presented to demonstrate the process of library screening and sequence determination on the selected beads. Finally, a method is shown for synthesis of the irreversible cyclic peptide corresponding to the proposed depsipeptide structure, to make the ligand stable to the aqueous acid and alkaline conditions encountered in affinity chromatographic applications. The cyclic peptide ligand was synthesized on a poly(methacrylate) resin and used for chromatographic binding of the target IgG.
Temporal evolution of femtosecond laser induced plasma filament in air and N2 (2013)

We present single shot, high resolution, time-resolved measurements of the relaxation of laser induced plasma filaments in air and in N2 gas. Based on the measurements of the time dependent electromagnetic signal in a waveguide, an accurate and simple derivation of the electron density in the filament is demonstrated. This experimental method does not require prior knowledge of filament dimensions or control over its exact spatial location. The experimental results are compared to numerical simulations of air plasma chemistry. Results reveal the role of various decay mechanisms including the importance of O4+ molecular levels.
537: Protective Effects of Arginase Inhibitor on the Endothelin-1 Induced Detrusor Overactivity in Rats (2004)

You have accessJournal of UrologyDiscussed Poster, Sunday, May 9, 2004, 1:00 - 5:00 pm1 Apr 2004537: Protective Effects of Arginase Inhibitor on the Endothelin-1 Induced Detrusor Overactivity in Rats Hitoshi Masuda, Jang H. Kim, Teruyuki Ogawa, Kazunori Kihara, William C. De Groat, Michael B. Chancellor, Sidney Morris, and Naoki Yoshimura Hitoshi MasudaHitoshi Masuda More articles by this author , Jang H. KimJang H. Kim More articles by this author , Teruyuki OgawaTeruyuki Ogawa More articles by this author , Kazunori KiharaKazunori Kihara More articles by this author , William C. De GroatWilliam C. De Groat More articles by this author , Michael B. ChancellorMichael B. Chancellor More articles by this author , Sidney MorrisSidney Morris More articles by this author , and Naoki YoshimuraNaoki Yoshimura More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(18)37799-1AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "537: Protective Effects of Arginase Inhibitor on the Endothelin-1 Induced Detrusor Overactivity in Rats." The Journal of Urology, 171(4S), p. 143 © 2016 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 171Issue 4SApril 2004Page: 143 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Hitoshi Masuda More articles by this author Jang H. Kim More articles by this author Teruyuki Ogawa More articles by this author Kazunori Kihara More articles by this author William C. De Groat More articles by this author Michael B. Chancellor More articles by this author Sidney Morris More articles by this author Naoki Yoshimura More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
The genetic architecture of type 2 diabetes (2020)

The genetic architecture of common traits, including the number, frequency, and effect sizes of inherited variants that contribute to individual risk, has been long debated. Genome-wide association studies have identified scores of common variants associated with type 2 diabetes, but in aggregate, these explain only a fraction of heritability. To test the hypothesis that lower-frequency variants explain much of the remainder, the GoT2D and T2D-GENES consortia performed whole genome sequencing in 2,657 Europeans with and without diabetes, and exome sequencing in a total of 12,940 subjects from five ancestral groups. To increase statistical power, we expanded sample size via genotyping and imputation in a further 111,548 subjects. Variants associated with type 2 diabetes after sequencing were overwhelmingly common and most fell within regions previously identified by genome-wide association studies. Comprehensive enumeration of sequence variation is necessary to identify functional alleles that provide important clues to disease pathophysiology, but large-scale sequencing does not support a major role for lower-frequency variants in predisposition to type 2 diabetes.
Abstract 4240: Determination of normative patterns of gene expression levels and breast cancer risk biomarkers in human breast milk (2017)

Abstract Parity and breastfeeding influence a woman’s risk of developing breast cancer. Understanding the underlying molecular changes in the breast will facilitate identification of additional factors during pregnancy and postpartum that modify breast cancer risk. Most prior studies in humans on this topic, however, have been cross-sectional studies comparing breast tissue samples from nulliparous versus post-pregnant women, and are limited in their ability to characterize longitudinal changes and within-person variations. Breast milk contains cells of the mature gland, and may have a potential as a noninvasive source for studying molecular characteristics of the pregnancy-associated changes in the breast and their impact on breast cancer risk. The objectives of this study were to (1) determine normative patterns of gene expression levels in longitudinally collected breast milk samples and (2) correlate gene expression data in relation to self-reported measures of psychosocial stress during pregnancy and postpartum period. Our preliminary results showed that the post-pregnancy gene expression levels in breast milk samples can be measured reproducibly over a short period of time. Whole-genome transcriptome analysis revealed that expression levels of the post-pregnancy genes are different in early (less than 3 month postpartum) and late lactation period (more than 6 month postpartum). Moreover cytokine expression profiling correlated expression of inflammatory cytokines with early versus late postpartum period. The unique contribution of this study is to capture longitudinal gene expression data from breast milk samples collected over the course of lactation, hence providing a valuable basis for future studies to identify differential dynamics associated with breast cancer susceptibility. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Maria Ouzounova, Georgina Lewis, Raziye Piranlioglu, Tiana Curry-McCoy, Wonsuk Yoo, Nita Maihle, Sangmi Kim, Hasan Korkaya. Determination of normative patterns of gene expression levels and breast cancer risk biomarkers in human breast milk [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4240. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-4240
Leakage Engineering Enabling PDSOI Ring Oscillators Operating in Sub-100pA/µm Ioff Regime (2011)

This work presents hardware demonstration of low power operation of PDSOI CMOS (Ioff down to ~10pA/µm at Vdd=0.9V, 45nm node) transistors, exhibiting successful operation of low leakage ring oscillators (channel and junction leakage ~30pA/invertor stage at Vdd=0.9V, 25C with 101 stages, pFET width=1.2µm, nFET width=0.8µm in each stage). The work highlights device and process feasibility study (through an asymmetric source/drain design) of enabling a PDSOI CMOS based low power application platform.
High-speed high-sensitivity infrared spectroscopy using mid-infrared swept lasers(Conference Presentation) (2016)

Infrared spectroscopy is a highly attractive read-out technology for compositional analysis of biomedical specimens because of its unique combination of high molecular sensitivity without the need for exogenous labels. Traditional techniques such as FTIR and Raman have suffered from comparatively low speed and sensitivity however recent innovations are challenging this situation. Direct mid-IR spectroscopy is being speeded up by innovations such as MEMS-based FTIR instruments with very high mirror speeds and supercontinuum sources producing very high sample irradiation levels. Here we explore another possible method – external cavity quantum cascade lasers (EC-QCL’s) with high cavity tuning speeds (mid-IR swept lasers). Swept lasers have been heavily developed in the near-infrared where they are used for non-destructive low-coherence imaging (OCT). We adapt these concepts in two ways. Firstly by combining mid-IR quantum cascade gain chips with external cavity designs adapted from OCT we achieve spectral acquisition rates approaching 1 kHz and demonstrate potential to reach 100 kHz. Secondly we show that mid-IR swept lasers share a fundamental sensitivity advantage with near-IR OCT swept lasers. This makes them potentially able to achieve the same spectral SNR as an FTIR instrument in a time x N shorter (N being the number of spectral points) under otherwise matched conditions. This effect is demonstrated using measurements of a PDMS sample. The combination of potentially very high spectral acquisition rates, fundamental SNR advantage and the use of low-cost detector systems could make mid-IR swept lasers a powerful technology for high-throughput biomedical spectroscopy.
AN ANALYTICAL MODEL ON VAPOR EXPLOSION OF A HIGH TEMPERATURE MOLTEN METAL DROP IN WATER INDUCED BY A PRESSURE PULSE (1992)

Abstract An analytical model for small-scale single drop fuel coolant interaction based on fragmentation caused by the Taylor instability and transient heat transfer during collapse and bounce period is developed. According to our previous analysis, pressure in the vapor film blanketing hot surface increases transiently more than 10 MPa, when thickness of the vapor film decreases less than 10 μm. The transient high pressure makes vapor-liquid interface bounce and causes the Taylor instabilities at both sides of the vapor-liquid interfaces by the large acceleration. As the growth time of the interface instability is enough short compared with the bouncing time, the instabilities result to fragmentation and mixing of both liquids. In the proposed model, the fragmentation time and fragmented particle size were estimated from the growth rate and the wave length of the instability. The analytical model composed of a set of time dependent differential equations was numerically calculated by the Runge-Kutta-Gill method. The numerical results were compared with the experimental ones done in Sandia Laboratory. KEYWORDS: Vapor explosionFragmentationAnalytical modelTaylor instabilityTransient film boiling
X-ray diffraction and computational studies of a series of aryl amides: comparisons between molecular structure in the crystal state and in isolation (2018)

Comparisons Between Molecular Structure in the Crystal State and in IsolationSynthesis of aryl amides by copper-catalyzed amidation of aryl chlorides using a concurrent tandem catalytic methodology has been a focus of our research group.X-Ray structures for a series of aryl amides have been determined at 173 K. R(F) values range from 3.8 -6.3 %.Torsion angles involving groups attached to the amide linkages were found to vary from a relatively flat 5.3(1) degrees to a considerable twist of 46.2(1) degrees.The wide range of twist angles prompted our investigation into the origins of these observations.The contribution of inherent molecular structure and crystal packing, principally pi stacking in the unit cell, will be discussed.Variable temperature X-Ray studies were performed to examine the correlation between unit cell dimensions and torsion angles.Computational studies with density functional theory (DFT) methods were performed to gain insight about the preferred molecular structures of the amides in isolation.Comparisons between experimental and calculated structures were then used to obtain an estimate of the energies involved in crystal packing.