gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adaptive joint spatio-temporal error concealment for video communication (2008)

In the past years, video communication has found its application in an increasing number of environments. Unfortunately, some of them are error-prone and the risk of block losses caused by transmission errors is ubiquitous. To reduce the effects of these block losses, a new spatio-temporal error concealment algorithm is presented. The algorithm uses spatial as well as temporal information for extrapolating the signal into the lost areas. The extrapolation is carried out in two steps, first a preliminary temporal extrapolation is performed which then is used to generate a model of the original signal, using the spatial neighborhood of the lost block. By applying the spatial refinement a significantly higher concealment quality can be achieved resulting in a gain of up to 5.2 dB in PSNR compared to the unrefined underlying pure temporal extrapolation.
Efficiency improvements in a dichroic dye-doped liquid crystal Fresnel lens (2019)

A dichroic dye-doped liquid crystal Fresnel lens was fabricated and investigated to observe the combination of phase and amplitude modulation based focusing. An anthraquinone dichroic dye was doped into a liquid crystal host, which when in the Fresnel lens configuration, generates a Fresnel zone plate with alternating "transparent" and "opaque" zones. The zones were induced by using photo-alignment of a light-sensitive alignment layer to generate the alternating pattern. The voltage dependency of efficiency for the dye-doped and pure liquid crystal Fresnel devices were investigated. Incorporation of dyes into the device yielded a significant 4% improvement in relative efficiency in the lens, giving a maximum of 37% achieved in the device, much closer to the theoretical 41% limit when compared with the non-dye-doped device. The input polarization dependence of efficiency was also investigated, showing very small fluctuations (±1.5%), allowing further insight into the effect of fabrication method on these liquid crystal Fresnel devices.
Comparison of Biochemical Recurrence After Robot-assisted Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy with Volatile and Total Intravenous Anesthesia (2020)

<b>Aims</b>: Recurrence after cancer surgery is a major concern in patients with cancer. Growing evidence from preclinical studies has revealed that various anesthetics can influence the immune system in different ways. The current study compared the long-term biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer after robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALP) in terms of selection of anesthetic agent between total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) with propofol/remifentanil and volatile anesthetics (VA) with sevoflurane or desflurane/remifentanil. <b>Methods</b>: We followed up oncologic outcomes of patients who underwent RALP from two previous prospective randomized controlled trials, and the outcomes of those who received TIVA (n = 64) were compared with those who received VA (n = 64). The follow-up period lasted from November 2010 to March 2019. <b>Results</b>: Both TIVA and VA groups showed identical biochemical recurrence-free survivals at all-time points after RALP. The following predictive factors of prostate cancer recurrence were determined by Cox regression: colloid input [hazard ratio (HR)=1.002, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.000-1.003; P = 0.011], initial prostate-specific antigen level (HR=1.025, 95% CI: 1.007-1.044; P = 0.006), and pathological tumor stage 3b (HR=4.217, 95% CI:1.207-14.735; P = 0.024), but not the anesthetic agent. <b>Conclusions</b>: Our findings demonstrate that both TIVA with propofol/remifentanil and VA with sevoflurane or desflurane/remifentanil have comparable effects on oncologic outcomes in patients undergoing RALP.
Poly-Si-Based Physical Unclonable Functions (2017)

Physically unclonable functions (PUFs) were introduced over a decade ago for a variety of security applications. Silicon PUFs exploit uncontrollable random variations from manufacturing to generate unique and random signatures/ responses. However, such sources of randomness may become limited during standard CMOS manufacturing as processes continue to mature especially with the advances in design for manufacturability. Recently, poly-Si is proposed to improve PUF quality by offering considerable random variations at the materials level, which is from randomly distributed grain boundaries and trapped charges in poly-Si. In this paper, we develop a poly-Si field-effect transistor (FET) model to study the properties of poly-Si-based PUFs under different supply voltages (VDD) and temperatures (T). Simulation results obtained from ring oscillator and arbiter PUFs show that compared with conventional CMOS-based PUFs, the reliability of poly-Si-based PUFs can be improved from around 90% to 98% and the PUF devices are robust against varying V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</sub> and T.
A Model to Evaluate Reliability of Authentication Protocols in C-ITS Safety-Critical Applications (2021)

In the near future, Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) transmission will enable wireless broadcast communication among nearby vehicles. Benefits for users include improved driver safety and potentially optimized traffic. However, this communication is vulnerable to cyber attacks involving message manipulation. Research aimed at tackling this problem has resulted in the proposal of multiple authentication protocols. The security, privacy, and other desirable features of authentication in vehicular networks have been widely studied. However, the efficiency of such authentication schemes has not been suitably addressed. There is no model to evaluate the efficiency of the proposals in a practical context, where the delay introduced by V2V authentication may impact on driver safety. In this paper, we provide such a model for evaluation. We explicitly present the key factors involved to evaluate the computational delay in the V2V authentication protocols. Our model has clearly defined metrics for computing the delay and evaluating the impact. Developing this model enables future research in the design of secure and efficient V2V authentication protocols suitable for practical application. Applying the model to assess proposed authentication protocols permits categorization based on safety service they can support. We demonstrate the applicability of our model through case studies. Our model can effectively analyze the delay introduced by an authentication protocol, and determine whether this would result in a crash, in the real world vehicular environments.
Effects of midsole cushioning stiffness on Achilles tendon stretch during running (2021)

Footwear midsole material can have a direct influence on running performance. However, the exact mechanism of improved performance remains unknown. When running, elastic energy is thought to be sto...
Computer-assisted knee anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction:First clinical tests (1995)

Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is a delicate task. The procedure of choice is the patellar tendon bone autograft, but an anisometric position of this tendon often leads to failure. We allows positioning of the central part of the ligament graft at the least anisometric sites. The system uses a workstation and a three-dimensional optical localizer to create images that represent knee kinematics. The surgeon uses these images to guide the surgery. This technique has been validated on eight cadavers and 12 patients.
Exchange Coupling in Soft Magnetic Nanostructures and Its Direct Effect on Their Theranostic Properties (2018)

Exchange coupling between hard and soft magnetic materials at the nanoscale exhibits novel or improved physical properties for energy and data storage applications. Recently, exchange coupling has also been explored in core/shell magnetic nanostructures (MNS) composed of hard and soft magnetic spinel ferrites, but applications have been limited in biomedicine due to the presence of "toxic" cobalt based ferrites as hard magnetic component. We report core/shell MNS where both core and shell components are soft magnetic ferrites (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, MnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, and Zn<sub>0.2</sub>Mn<sub>0.8</sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) and show that exchange coupling still exists due to the difference in their anisotropy. The physical properties (saturation magnetization, susceptibility, anisotropy, r<sub>2</sub> relaxivity, and specific absorption rate) of core/shell MNS are compared with the same size single phase counterparts which excludes any size dependent effect and gives the direct effect of exchange coupling. After optimization of core and shell components and their proportions, we have shown that a core/shell MNS shows significantly higher contrast enhancement and thermal activation properties than their single phase counterparts due to exchange coupling between core and shell ferrites. Our finding provides a novel way to improve theranostic properties of spinel ferrite based MNS while maintaining their biocompatibility.
Stratification by Smoking Status Reveals an Association of CHRNA5-A3-B4 Genotype with Body Mass Index in Never Smokers (2014)

We previously used a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the CHRNA5-A3-B4 gene cluster associated with heaviness of smoking within smokers to confirm the causal effect of smoking in reducing body mass index (BMI) in a Mendelian randomisation analysis. While seeking to extend these findings in a larger sample we found that this SNP is associated with 0.74% lower body mass index (BMI) per minor allele in current smokers (95% CI -0.97 to -0.51, P = 2.00 × 10(-10)), but also unexpectedly found that it was associated with 0.35% higher BMI in never smokers (95% CI +0.18 to +0.52, P = 6.38 × 10(-5)). An interaction test confirmed that these estimates differed from each other (P = 4.95 × 10(-13)). This difference in effects suggests the variant influences BMI both via pathways unrelated to smoking, and via the weight-reducing effects of smoking. It would therefore be essentially undetectable in an unstratified genome-wide association study of BMI, given the opposite association with BMI in never and current smokers. This demonstrates that novel associations may be obscured by hidden population sub-structure. Stratification on well-characterized environmental factors known to impact on health outcomes may therefore reveal novel genetic associations.
Synthesis and Protonation Behavior of Carboxylate-Functionalized Poly(propyleneimine) Dendrimers (1999)

Five generations of carboxylate-functionalized poly(propyleneimine) dendrimers have been synthesized starting from a double Michael addition of amine-functionalized poly(propyleneimine) dendrimers to methyl acrylate followed by basic hydrolysis using LiOH in a water/methanol mixture. The dendritic compounds have been characterized using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR, and ESI−MS spectroscopy. Subsequently, the protonation behavior of these potential complexing agents is studied with potentiometric titrations in 0.1 and 1.0 M KCl solutions. The carboxylate-functionalized dendrimers show a characteristic onionlike shell protonation behavior. The titration curves for different ionic strengths cross at pH 8.5 which is exactly after protonation of the outermost shell of amines (θ ∼ 0.25). This crossing point is found not to be identical to the point of zero charge θ ∼ 0.5, which is observed at pH 4.5. The Ising model was used to rationalize the complete set of titration data simultaneously for five generations with only one microscopic pK value for each additional shell and a set of three nearest neighbor pair interaction parameters.
The endoscopic optical coherencetomography in middle ear diagnostics – the first clinical experience (2018)

The optical coherencetomography (OCT) is a measuring method for non-contact evaluation of oscillation behaviour of ear drum, morphology and additionaly of the adjacent part of tympanic cavity. After development of an endoscopic OCT-measuring device (EOCT), we demonstrate the first measurement results of various middle ear pathologies.
A Parametric Study on Laser Welding of Magnesium Alloy AZ31 by a Fiber Laser (2014)

Laser welding of wrought magnesium alloy has been investigated through experimentation and simulation. Laser butt welds and laser lap welds were performed on 2.0 mm thick magnesium alloy AZ31 plates using a 1 kW fiber laser and shielded with argon gas. The effects of laser power and welding speed on weld geometry and microstructure were investigated. Through experimentation, the ranges of operating parameters for laser power and welding speed which resulted in viable, defect-free welds were found and reported. Simulations were carried out to predict the weld pool geometry and resultant microstructure and are shown to be in good agreement with experimental results.
Least-squares low-pass filters with nonmonotonic response (1980)

A new class of all-pole low-pass filter functions, derived from the least-squares approximation technique, is introduced. The magnitude response is compared with those of some other all-pole filters, like the Butterworth, LSM, and Chebyshev ones. The three subclasses of the new class seem to be a suitable choice for the approximation function in filter synthesis.
TMPRSS2-ERG Gene Fusion Is Not Associated with Outcome in Patients Treated by Prostatectomy (2009)

A significant number of prostate cancers have been shown to have recurrent chromosomal rearrangements resulting in the fusion of the androgen-regulated TMPRSS2 promoter to a member of the ETS transcription factor family, most commonly ERG. This results in ERG overexpression, which may have a direct causal role in prostate tumorigenesis or progression. However, the clinical significance of the rearrangement is unclear, and in particular, relationship to outcome has been inconsistent in recent reports. We analyzed TMPRSS2-ERG gene rearrangement status by fluorescence in situ hybridization in 521 cases of clinically localized surgically treated prostate cancer with 95 months of median follow-up and also in 40 unmatched metastases. Forty-two percent of primary tumors and 40% of metastases had rearrangements. Eleven percent had copy number increase (CNI) of the TMPRRS2-ERG region. Rearrangement alone was associated with lower grade, but not with stage, biochemical recurrence, metastases, or death. CNI with and without rearrangement was associated with high grade and advanced stage. Further, a subgroup of cancers with CNI and rearrangement by deletion, with two or more copies of the deleted locus, tended to be more clinically aggressive. DNA index assessment revealed that the majority of tumors with CNI of TMPRSS2-ERG had generalized aneuploidy/tetraploidy in contrast to tumors without TMPRSS2-ERG CNI, which were predominantly diploid. We therefore conclude that translocation of TMPRSS2-ERG is not associated with outcome, and the aggressive clinical features associated with CNI of chromosome 21 reflect generalized aneuploidy and are not due to CNI specifically of rearranged TMPRSS2-ERG.
Broadband MEMS-Tunable High-Index-Contrast Subwavelength Grating Long-Wavelength VCSEL (2010)

A widely-tunable single-mode 1.3 μm vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser structure incorporating a microelectromechanical system-tunable high-index-contrast subwavelength grating (HCG) mirror is suggested and numerically investigated. A linear tuning range of 100 nm and a wavelength tuning efficiency of 0.203 are predicted. The large tuning range and efficiency are attributed to the incorporation of the tuning air gap as part of the optical cavity and to the use of a short cavity structure. The short cavity length can be achieved by employing a HCG design of which the reflection mechanism does not rely on resonant coupling. The absence of resonance coupling leads to a 0.59 λ-thick penetration depth of the HCG and enables to use a 0.25 λ-thick tuning air gap underneath the HCG. This considerably reduces the effective cavity length, leading to larger tuning range and efficiency. The basic properties of this new structure are analyzed, and shown to be explained by analytical expressions that are derived in the paper. In this context, the penetration depth of the HCG is introduced and shown to be an important characteristic length scale. Throughout the tuning wavelength range, strong single mode operation was maintained and uniform output power is expected.
O2‐04‐01: Tract‐tracing MEMRI study on a mouse model of tauopathy: Does manganese propagation reflect only axonal transport? (2010)

Functional alterations of axonal transport have been suggested to occur in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease. In vitro studies have shown a deleterious effect of tauopathy on axonal transport. We hypothesized that Tract-Tracing-Manganese-Enhanced-MRI (TT-MEMRI) should detect early axonal transport impairments in a mouse model of tauopathy. Ten JNLP3 (P301L) transgenic mice (Tg) and 5 wild-type mice (WT) were imaged on a 7T magnet at 3 and 6 months of age, using a TT-MEMRI protocol with 9 imaging time points (1 prior to and 8 following nasal injection of MnCl2). Four regions of interest (ROI) were defined on MR images, corresponding to 4 consecutive areas of the olfactory system (glomerular and mitral cell layers, anterior and posterior part of the piriform cortex). In each ROI, the evolution of signal intensity profile, indicative of manganese propagation, was used to estimate the peak value (Pv) and time to peak (Pt) of the relative manganese concentration. By fitting to a one-dimensional flow-diffusion model, we calculated the 3 parameters expected to contribute to manganese propagation: the flow velocity, reflecting its active transport in neurons; the diffusion coefficient, reflecting its passive stochastic propagation in neurons; and the leakage rate, reflecting the clearance of manganese from the main olfactory fiber system, through ion channels, synapses, or collateral axons. A decrease of Pv and increase of Pt was observed in the older Tg mice compared to both age-matched WT (Fig. 1A) and young Tg mice. This decrease was significant in females (p < 0.05-0.01), who develop tauopathy earlier than males (Fig. 1B&C). Older Tg mice showed trends of increased diffusion and decreased leakage and velocity when compared to both old WT and young Tg mice. These 2 last parameters can contribute to the increase in Pt in the older Tg mice. This study provides the first in vivo evidence of impairment of axonal transport in a model of tauopathy, assessed non-invasively by TT-MEMRI. It also indicates that manganese propagation reflects not only active axonal transport but also passive diffusion and extra-neuronal leakage.
Pool Boiling on Small Heat Dissipating Elements in Water at Subatmospheric Pressure (1999)

The results of an experimental investigation of pool boiling of water at subatmospheric pressures from small horizontal heat sources are reported. The heat sources are upward-facing copper surfaces submerged in a laterally-confined, finite pool of liquid. The saturated pool boiling heat transfer characteristics and the critical heat flux (CHF) condition were determined in the experiments. Low pressure boiling of saturated water provides a means of removing heat at high heat flux levels while maintaining low surface temperatures. However, at heat flux levels up to about 60 2 W/cm the frequency of bubble departure at low pressure is much less than the frequency of bubble departure at higher pressure (atmospheric). With low pressure boiling, only one or two very large bubbles form cyclically on the small heated surface, during the boiling process. This intermittent process may result in large, undesirable temperature oscillations at the heated surface for low pressure boiling. High-frequ...
Extracellularly activatable nanocarriers for drug delivery to tumors (2014)

Several challenges remain in developing extracellularly activatable NPs. First, some of the stimuli-responsive NPs undergo incremental changes in response to stimuli, losing circulation stability. Second, the applicability of stimuli in clinical settings is limited due to the occasional occurrence of the activating conditions in normal tissues. Third, the construction of stimuli-responsive NPs involves increasing complexity in NP structure and production methods. Future efforts are needed to identify new targeting conditions and increase the contrast between activated and nonactivated NPs while keeping the production methods simple and scalable.
Strain distribution within human triceps surae muscles during isometric contraction: in vivo study by Tagging MRI (2008)

Sizable strain induces injuries of biological tissues. Non‐uniform distribution of strain in a contracting muscle has been predicted with computer simulation, with no actual data available for living human muscles. The study objective was to determine in vivo local strain of human triceps surae muscles during isometric contraction with tagging MRI. Quasi‐sagittal MR images with grid‐tagging of soft tissues were obtained while the subject (n=6 men) repeated sub‐maximal plantar flexions at 40% of maximal voluntary contraction force. Local deformation of muscle tissues was determined from the displacement of each cross grid traced by a pattern‐matching program. The local strain was computed from the displacements based on finite element theory. In all subjects, considerable intramuscular non‐uniform strain was observed in both the soleus and gastrocmenius muscles. Strain over 20% concentrated on the origin of the soleus muscle, and large strains were also observed near the boundaries of each muscle and between muscle and bone. Individual differences in strain were considerably large both in magnitude and distribution. Strain concentration on a specific part could be related with the site‐specificity of the occurrence of muscle injury.
Stepwise intramolecular cycloaddition of nitrile oxide equivalents derived from the Lewis acid-promoted reaction of 1-nitroalkadienes and allylic stannanes (1989)

The Lewis acid-promoted reaction of 1-nitroalka-1,5-(or 1,6-)dienes with allylic stannanes has been studied. In the presence of TiCl4, 1-nitrohexa-1,5-diene reacted smoothly with allyltrimethylstannane to give a diastereoisomeric mixture of 6-allyl-3a,4,5,6-tetrahydro-3H-cyclopent[c] isoxazoles, while the reaction using AlCl3 as catalyst led to an allylated cyclohexanone oxime derivative in good yield. The similar reaction of 1-nitrohepta-1,6-diene, however, gave a bicyclic dihydroisoxazole irrespective of the Lewis acids employed. In the latter case, nitrite oxide equivalents derived from 1-nitroalka-1,6-dienes underwent a stepwise cycloaddition as shown by the lack of stereospecificity in the reactions of (1E,6Z)-1-nitro-7-phenylhepta-1,6-diene and (1E,6Z)-1-nitro-octa-1,6-diene.