gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A New Class of Lithium and Sodium Rechargeable Batteries Based on Selenium and Selenium–Sulfur as a Positive Electrode (2012)

A new class of selenium and selenium-sulfur (Se(x)S(y))-based cathode materials for room temperature lithium and sodium batteries is reported. The structural mechanisms for Li/Na insertion in these electrodes were investigated using pair distribution function (PDF) analysis. Not only does the Se electrode show promising electrochemical performance with both Li and Na anodes, but the additional potential for mixed Se(x)S(y) systems allows for tunable electrodes, combining the high capacities of S-rich systems with the high electrical conductivity of the d-electron containing Se. Unlike the widely studied Li/S system, both Se and Se(x)S(y) can be cycled to high voltages (up to 4.6 V) without failure. Their high densities and voltage output offer greater volumetric energy densities than S-based batteries, opening possibilities for new energy storage systems that can enable electric vehicles and smart grids.
Amputee socks (2012)

Sock thickness and compressive stiffness are strongly dependent upon sock material, interface pressure, and in-plane biaxial strain.
Table S5, Table S6, Table S7, Table S8 from Single-Cell Transcriptome Analyses Reveal Endothelial Cell Heterogeneity in Tumors and Changes following Antiangiogenic Treatment (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Table S5, Differentailly expressed genes in tumor EC subpopulations between anti-angiogenic drug-treatment and control hFc-treatment. Table S6, Differentailly expressed genes in heart EC subpopulations between anti-angiogenic drug treatment and control hFc treatment. Table S7, Differentailly expressed genes between COLO205-derived tumor stromal fibroblast (hFc-treated) and normal heart fibroblasts (hFc-treated). Table S8, Differentailly expressed genes in COLO205 tumor fibroblast (FB) and smooth muscle (SM) between anti-angiogenic drug and control hFc treatments.&lt;/p&gt;
Metabolic benefits of resistance training and fast glycolytic skeletal muscle (2010)

Skeletal muscle exhibits remarkable plasticity with respect to its metabolic properties. Recent work has shown that interventions such as resistance training, genetic alterations and pharmacological strategies that increase muscle mass and glycolytic capacity, and not necessarily oxidative competence, can improve body composition and systemic metabolism. We review here recent advances in our understanding of the signaling and transcriptional regulatory pathways of this strategy and review new evidence obtained from mice and humans that supports the notion that increasing muscle mass and glycolytic capacity may effectively counter insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Temperature-dependent Auger recombination dynamics in luminescent silicon nanowires (2008)

The optical properties of luminescent Ti-catalyzed Si nanowires are analyzed using continuous-wave and time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy at excitation intensities $({I}_{\text{ex}})$ above $1\text{ }\text{W}/{\text{cm}}^{2}$. At these pump intensities, the PL intensity tends to saturate and the PL decay rate decreases with increasing ${I}_{\text{ex}}$. These results can be described within the construct of a quasi-two-level rate-equation model that allows for exciton-exciton Auger recombination. Analysis shows that the room-temperature Auger coefficient $({C}_{a})$, and thus, the Auger rate is roughly two orders of magnitude less than those estimated for silicon nanoparticles in an oxide matrix. The temperature dependence of the Auger process in the nanowires resembles bulk Si, in which Auger processes are phonon assisted. This work provides valuable quantitative information on one of the key nonradiative processes limiting optical gain from Si nanostructures and could prove important in the design of a Si-based laser.
Neuronally Selective μ-Conotoxins from Conus striatus Utilize an α-Helical Motif to Target Mammalian Sodium Channels (2008)

Mu-conotoxins are small peptide inhibitors of muscle and neuronal tetrodotoxin (TTX)-sensitive voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs). Here we report the isolation of mu-conotoxins SIIIA and SIIIB by (125)I-TIIIA-guided fractionation of milked Conus striatus venom. SIIIA and SIIIB potently displaced (125)I-TIIIA from native rat brain Na(v)1.2 (IC(50) values 10 and 5 nm, respectively) and muscle Na(v)1.4 (IC(50) values 60 and 3 nm, respectively) VGSCs, and both inhibited current through Xenopus oocyte-expressed Na(v)1.2 and Na(v)1.4. An alanine scan of SIIIA-(2-20), a pyroglutamate-truncated analogue with enhanced neuronal activity, revealed residues important for affinity and selectivity. Alanine replacement of the solvent-exposed Trp-12, Arg-14, His-16, Arg-18 resulted in large reductions in SIIIA-(2-20) affinity, with His-16 replacement affecting structure. In contrast, [D15A]SIIIA-(2-20) had significantly enhanced neuronal affinity (IC(50) 0.65 nm), while the double mutant [D15A/H16R]SIIIA-(2-20) showed greatest Na(v)1.2 versus 1.4 selectivity (136-fold). (1)H NMR studies revealed that SIIIA adopted a single conformation in solution comprising a series of turns and an alpha-helical motif across residues 11-16 that is not found in larger mu-conotoxins. The structure of SIIIA provides a new structural template for the development of neuronally selective inhibitors of TTX-sensitive VGSCs based on the smaller mu-conotoxin pharmacophore.
Fault-Tolerant Neuromorphic Computing on Nanoscale Crossbar Architectures (2022)

Recent coding techniques are reviewed for protecting nano-scale crossbar architectures against faults and computational errors. Two computational paradigms are considered: exact computation over the integers, and approximate computation over the reals.
Variable-Length Code Based on Order Complexity and Its Application in Random Permuted Symbol (2013)

This paper introduces the concept of order complexity, which represents the minimum number of partial ordering operations to make a string of perfectly ordered symbols. A novel variable-length code expressing such order complexity using binary digits is proposed herein. The proposed code is general, uniquely decipherable, and useful for coding a string of random permuted symbols having unknown statistics or which are preferred to have a uniform distribution.
Bends in the Plane with Variable Curvature (2016)

Explicit formulae for planar variable curvature bends are constructed using Euler's method of natural equations. The bend paths are expressed in terms of special functions. It is shown that the length of the different bend types varies linearly with increasing radius and that the curvature of variable curvature bends can be expressed as a multiple of the curvature of a circle.
A unique lower X-gate in TASK channels traps inhibitors within the vestibule (2019)

TASK channels are unusual members of the two-pore domain potassium (K 2P ) channel family, with unique and unexplained physiological and pharmacological characteristics. TASKs are found in neurons 1,2 , cardiomyocytes 3–5 and vascular smooth muscle cells 6 where they are involved in regulation of heart rate 7 , pulmonary artery tone 6,8 , sleep/wake cycles 9 and responses to volatile anaesthetics 9–12 . K 2P channels regulate the resting membrane potential, providing background K + currents controlled by numerous physiological stimuli 13,14 . Unlike other K 2P channels, TASK channels have the capacity to bind inhibitors with high affinity, exceptional selectivity and very slow compound washout rates. These characteristics make the TASK channels some of the the most easily druggable potassium channels, and indeed TASK-1 inhibitors are currently in clinical trials for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and atrial fibrillation (Afib) 15 (The DOCTOS and SANDMAN Trials). Generally, potassium channels have an intramembrane vestibule with a selectivity filter above and a gate with four parallel helices below. However, K 2P channels studied to date all lack a lower gate. Here we present the structure of TASK-1, revealing a unique lower gate created by interaction of the two crossed C-terminal M4 transmembrane helices at the vestibule entrance, which we designate as an ‟X-gate”. This structure is formed by six residues (V 243 LRFMT 248 ) that are essential for responses to volatile anaesthetics 11 , neuro-transmitters 16 and G-protein coupled receptors 16 . Interestingly, mutations within the X-gate and surrounding regions drastically affect both open probability and activation by anaesthetics. Structures of TASK-1 with two novel, high-affinity blockers, shows both inhibitors bound below the selectivity filter, trapped in the vestibule by the X-gate, thus explaining their exceptionally low wash-out rates. Thus, the presence of the X-gate in TASK channels explains many aspects of their unusual physiological and pharmacological behaviour, which is invaluable for future development and optimization of TASK modulators for treatment of heart, lung and sleep disorders.
Fast Accurate Point of Care COVID-19 Pandemic Diagnosis Enabled Through\n Advanced Lab-on-a-Chip Optical Biosensors: Opportunities and Challenges (2020)

The sudden rise of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic early 2020 throughout the world has called into drastic action measures to do instant detection and reduce the spread rate. The common diagnostics testing methods has been only partially effective in satisfying the booming demand for fast detection methods to contain the further spread. However, the point-of-risk accurate diagnosis of this new emerging viral infection is paramount as simultaneous normal working operation and dealing with symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 can become the norm for years to come. Sensitive cost-effective biosensor with mass production capability is crucial throughout the world until a universal vaccination become available. Optical label-free biosensors can provide a non-invasive, extremely sensitive rapid detection technique up to ~1 fM concentration along with few minutes sensing. These biosensors can be manufactured on a mass-scale (billions) to detect the COVID-19 viral load in nasal, saliva, urinal, and serological samples even if the infected person is asymptotic. Methods investigated here are the most advanced available platforms for biosensing optical devices resulted from the integration of state-of-the-art designs and materials. These approaches are including but not limited to integrated optical devices, plasmonic resonance and also emerging nanomaterial biosensors. The lab-on-a-chip platforms examined here are suitable not only for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein detection but also other contagious virions such as influenza, and middle east respiratory syndrome (MERS).
Interactions of Alzheimer amyloid peptides with cultured cells and brain tissue, and their biological consequences (2004)

The Alzheimer amyloid peptides are the main constituent of the diagnostic hallmark of Alzheimer disease, the senile plaque. A halo of neurodegeneration surrounds the senile plaques observed in the brains of Alzheimer patients. Significant efforts are under way to determine whether the Alzheimer peptides are the causal agents of this neurodegeneration. We review the developments in identifying the putative interaction sites of Alzheimer amyloid peptides on cells and intact brain tissue. We focus on the specificity of this interaction and on the molecular nature of potential receptors. These studies form the bases for developing therapeutics that target potential interaction sites and inhibit Alzheimer amyloid peptide deposition.
DNA-scaffolded biomaterials enable modular and tunable presentation of proteins to control immune cell therapies (2020)

Abstract Advanced biomaterials can be used to spatially and temporally control immune cell activities to improve the efficacy and safety of cell therapies. Precise immune cell modulation demands multi-modal display of functional proteins on biomaterials with a high level of control. Here, we developed biodegradable immune cell engaging particles (ICEp) with synthetic short DNA as scaffolds for efficient and tunable protein loading. We demonstrate the precise ratiometric control of anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies on this biodegradable platform can impact the quality of ex vivo expanded human primary T cells. Furthermore, the high-density presentation of antigens, difficult to achieve by other chemistries, is necessary for controlling the activity of engineered T cells in vivo. Antigen-presenting ICEp injected intratumorally can provide a local priming signal for systemically administered AND-gate chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells that recognize dual antigens: the first antigen on ICEp activates CAR expression to target the second antigen on tumor cells. This leads to local tumor clearance while sparing uninjected tumors that model potentially cross-reactive healthy tissues. This modularly functionalized biomaterial thus provides a flexible platform to achieve sophisticated control of cell-based immunotherapies.
Transforming Growth Factor-β Activation Promotes Genetic Context–Dependent Invasion of Immortalized Melanocytes (2008)

Accumulation of distinct sets of genetic/epigenetic alterations is thought to contribute to stepwise progression of human cutaneous melanomas. We found evidence of frequent tumor cell autonomous transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signal activation in both premalignant and malignant stages of human cutaneous melanoma histogenesis and investigated its potential causative roles using human organotypic skin cultures. PTEN deficiency and Braf activation, two common coincident genetic alterations found in primary cutaneous melanomas, were first introduced into human melanocytes previously immortalized by the SV40 large T antigen and telomerase. These changes individually supported anchorage-independent growth and conferred benign, hyperplastic growth in a skin-like environment. In addition, PTEN deficiency combined with Braf activation together induced a melanoma in situ-like phenotype without dermal invasion. Further addition of cell autonomous TGF-beta activation in the context of PTEN deficiency and Braf activation promoted dermal invasion in skin cultures without significantly promoting proliferation in vitro and in vivo. This proinvasive phenotype of cell autonomous TGF-beta activation is genetic context-dependent, as hyperactivating the TGF-beta type I receptor without PTEN deficiency and Braf activation failed to induce an invasive behavior. Evidence of genetic interactions among PTEN deficiency, Braf activation, and cell autonomous TGF-beta activation shows that distinct stages of human melanoma are genetically tractable in the proper tissue architecture.
Diagnostika, léčba a profylaxe EBVinfekce/reaktivace/asociované lymfoproliferace u nemocných shematologickou malignitou. Doporučení odborníků s podporou CELL (2013)

V textu je shrnutý konsenzus přistupu k diagnoze, profylaxi a
lecbě EBV asociovaných klinických syndromů u nemocných lecených
pro hematologickou malignitu agresivni chemoterapii, vcetně
transplantaci kmenových buněk krvetvorby.
Wide angular aperture lithium niobate acousto-optic Bragg cells (1994)

A new design for a wide angular aperture Lithium Niobate acousto-optic Bragg cell is proposed. Parallel tangents, beam steering, and an acousto-optic interaction in a rotated 60 degree(s)-YZ plane are used simultaneously, which enhances the product of acceptance angle, bandwidth, and diffraction efficiency to be larger than that of isotropic acousto-optic Bragg cells by more than one order of magnitude. The analysis and optimum design procedure for acoustic beam steering in birefringent acousto-optic diffraction with the parallel tangents condition fulfilled is established and is essential for obtaining the maximum value of the above mentioned product. The acousto-optic interaction in the rotated YZ plane is analyzed and is important to obtain high diffraction efficiency for most cases where the parallel tangents condition is used. The optimal design of a wide angular aperture Lithium Niobate device working at 514.5 nm and with a center frequency of 150 MHz is carried out and is being fabricated.
Application-driven synthesis of core-based systems (1997)

We developed a new hierarchical modular approach for synthesis of area-minimal core-based data-intensive systems. The optimization approach employs a novel global least-constraining most-constrained heuristic to minimize the instruction cache misses for a given application, instruction cache size and organization. Based on this performance optimization technique, we constructed a strategy to search for a minimal-area processor core, and an instruction and data cache which satisfy the performance characteristics of a set of target applications. The synthesis platform integrates the existing modeling, profiling, and simulation tools with the developed system-level synthesis tools. The effectiveness of the approach is demonstrated on a variety of modern real-life multimedia and communication applications.
The Direct Synthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide Using Platinum‐Promoted Gold–Palladium Catalysts (2014)

The direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide offers a potentially green route to the production of this important commodity chemical. Early studies showed that Pd is a suitable catalyst, but recent work indicated that the addition of Au enhances the activity and selectivity significantly. The addition of a third metal using impregnation as a facile preparation method was thus investigated. The addition of a small amount of Pt to a CeO2-supported AuPd (weight ratio of 1:1) catalyst significantly enhanced the activity in the direct synthesis of H2O2 and decreased the non-desired over-hydrogenation and decomposition reactions. The addition of Pt to the AuPd nanoparticles influenced the surface composition, thus leading to the marked effects that were observed on the catalytic formation of hydrogen peroxide. In addition, an experimental approach that can help to identify the optimal nominal ternary alloy compositions for this reaction is demonstrated.
Late Breaking Abstract - Effect of hydrogen therapy on the proteomic profile of exhaled breath condensate after recovery from COVID-19 (2021)

Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is a promising object for biomarkers search as it contains compounds reflecting changes of biological processes caused by various respiratory diseases including COVID-19. Molecular hydrogen was recently discovered as a new effective antioxidant that can restore lung function after COVID-19. The effect of molecular hydrogen on lung function was studied by comparing EBC protein profiles before and after hydrogen therapy in volunteers who had recovered from COVID-19. Total 108 EBC samples were collected with RTube devices from recovered volunteers before and after hydrogen inhalation. The collecting tube was additionally rinsed with methanol. Peptides obtained after tryptic digestion were analyzed by LC-MS/MS using a nano-LC Dionex system coupled to tims TOF Pro (Bruker) tandem high-resolution mass-spectrometer located in Skoltech. Totally 478 proteins and 1350 peptides were revealed. It was shown that in EBC of the group after the hydrogen therapy, the concentration of structural and protective proteins increased significantly, as well as the average number of detected proteins increased by 15% (from 349 to 398), and the intensity of the 36 most common proteins increased ~3 times compared with the group, which did not receive the therapy. Dermcidin, an antibiotic and proteolytic protein, was found one of the most often found proteins in the group after therapy. Overall, mass spectrometry based analysis showed both quantitative and qualitative EBC proteome changes before and after the hydrogen therapy. This work was partially supported by the RFBR grant 18-29-09158 MK.
Picosecond Fluorescence Studies of the Surface Morphology of Charged Polystyrene Latex Particles (2001)

Two negatively charged polystyrene latex dispersions with particles of similar diameter (around 100 nm) but different surface charge density (1.7 μC/cm2 for CG18 and 2.3 μC/cm2 for CG5) were compared in terms of their surface morphology. Since they were synthesized in the presence of a redox initiator (potassium persulfate/sodium metabisulfite), particles bore sulfate and sulfonate charged groups at the surface. Fluorescence decay measurements were performed in situ on these latex samples, using a pair of fluorescent cationic dyes adsorbed onto the surface: Rhodamine 6G (R6G) as the energy transfer donor and malachite green carbinol hydrochloride (MG) as the acceptor. Since the kinetics of the direct nonradiative energy transfer process between the dyes is sensitive to the donor and acceptor distributions, fluorescence decay measurements provide information about the binding distribution of the cationic dyes, which reflects the distribution of the negative charges at the latex particle surface. For the highly charged sample (CG5), we found a dye distribution reflecting an interface thickness with an average value of δ = 2.9 ± 0.2 nm. For the CG18 sample, having a lower surface charge density, a thinner dye distribution was evidenced, with an interface thickness δ = 2.0 ± 0.1 nm. The broadening of the distribution with the increase of surface charge density was interpreted in terms of the steric hindrance and the electrostatic repulsion between the charged polymer chain ends extending into the aqueous medium.
The Therapeutic Effect of Bilateral Alternating Stimulation Tactile Form Technology on the Stress Response (2018)

The application of bilateral alternating stimulation in tactile (BLAST) form technology, a non-invasive, somatosensory-based method, has been shown to modulate the electrical activity of brain networks that mediate the stress response, resulting in a stress-reducing effect in individuals with high reported levels of anxiety, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In this study, we examined archival data from a heterogeneous group of users (n = 1109) of BLAST technology via Touchpoints, a novel BLAST-based treatment modality, all of whom had high self-reported levels of stress and anxiety. Ratings of levels of emotional stress and bodily distress on a scale of 0 (no stress/distress) to 10 (worst stress/distress of one's life) before and after the application of Touchpoints for 30 seconds were entered into an app. Results showed a statistically significant reduction in the levels of both emotional stress and bodily distress, 62.26% and 50.502%, respectively, after 30 seconds of BLAST technology was applied. This demonstrates a clear benefit of BLAST on the stress response, reducing both emotional stress and disturbing body sensations. Recent work examining EEG changes after BLAST technology is applied suggests that BLAST may reduce sympathetic activation by reducing the electrical activity of key areas of the salience network. Further work will more precisely characterize the effects of BLAST, its potential clinical uses, and the mechanisms of actions behind it's apparent stress-reducing effects.
Chip-based droplet sorting (2023)

A non-contact system for sorting monodisperse water-in-oil emulsion droplets in a microfluidic device based on the droplet's contents and their interaction with an applied electromagnetic field or by identification and sorting.