gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
P2X 7 receptor stimulation raises lysosomal pH and triggers cytokine release from RPE cells (2011)

Accumulation of lipofuscin in retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) cell, results from incomplete degradation of phagocytic and autophagic material by lysosomes. Both increased lipofuscin and enhanced cytokine release are associated with macular degeneration in these cells, although the link between the two is unclear. Since stimulation of the P2X 7 receptor (P2X 7 R) activates IL‐1β release in some cell types, and triggers lysosomal exocytosis in others, we investigated the effect of P2X 7 R activation on lysosomal pH in, and cytokine release from, RPE cells. Surprisingly, stimulation of the P2X 7 R with agonist BzATP did not lead to a release of IL‐1β but did trigger release of both IL‐6 and MCP‐1. BzATP led to a rise in intracellular Ca 2+ , and extracellular Ca 2+ was necessary for IL‐6 release. Lysosomal pH was elevated by BzATP and this alkalinization was inhibited by P2X 7 R antagoinsts A438079 and Brilliant Blue G. BzATP on its own did not significantly increase expression of IL‐6, MCP‐1 or the ectoATPase NTPDase1, but did increase expression of all three genes in cells concurrently exposed to oxidized photoreceptor outer segments. In conclusion, stimulation of the P2X 7 R on RPE cells elevated lysosomal pH and enhanced cytokine release. P2X 7 R stimulation also upregulated cytokine gene expression in cells subjected to an oxidative challenge. Grant: EY013434
Comprehensive and High‐Throughput Exploration of Chemical Space Using Broadband 19F NMR‐Based Screening (2020)

Abstract Fragment‐based lead discovery has become a fundamental approach to identify ligands that efficiently interact with disease‐relevant targets. Among the numerous screening techniques, fluorine‐detected NMR has gained popularity owing to its high sensitivity, robustness, and ease of use. To effectively explore chemical space, a universal NMR experiment, a rationally designed fragment library, and a sample composition optimized for a maximal number of compounds and minimal measurement time are required. Here, we introduce a comprehensive method that enabled the efficient assembly of a high‐quality and diverse library containing nearly 4000 fragments and screening for target‐specific binders within days. At the core of the approach is a novel broadband relaxation‐edited NMR experiment that covers the entire chemical shift range of drug‐like 19 F motifs in a single measurement. Our approach facilitates the identification of diverse binders and the fast ligandability assessment of new targets.
Discovery of 6-(Aminomethyl)-5-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-7-methylimidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine-2-carboxamides as Potent, Selective Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP4) Inhibitors (2010)

Continued structure-activity relationship (SAR) exploration within our previously disclosed azolopyrimidine containing dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitors led us to focus on an imidazolopyrimidine series in particular. Further study revealed that by replacing the aryl substitution on the imidazole ring with a more polar carboxylic ester or amide, these compounds displayed not only increased DPP4 binding activity but also significantly reduced human ether-a-go-go related gene (hERG) and sodium channel inhibitory activities. Additional incremental adjustment of polarity led to permeable molecules which exhibited favorable pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles in preclinical animal species. The active site binding mode of these compounds was determined by X-ray crystallography as exemplified by amide 24c. A subsequent lead molecule from this series, (+)-6-(aminomethyl)-5-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-N-(1-ethyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-7-methylimidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine-2-carboxamide (24s), emerged as a potent, selective DPP4 inhibitor that displayed excellent PK profiles and in vivo efficacy in ob/ob mice.
Design procedure for compact pulse transformers with rectangular pulse shape and fast rise times (2011)

Microseconds range pulse modulators based on solid state technology often utilize a pulse transformer, since it could offer an inherent current balancing for parallel connected switches and with the turns ratio the modulator design could be adapted to the available semiconductor switch technology. In many applications as e.g. radar systems, linear accelerators or klystron/magnetron modulators a rectangular pulse shape with a fast rise time and a as small as possible overshoot is required. In reality, however, parasitic elements of the pulse transformer as leakage inductance and capacitances limit the achievable rise time and result in overshoot. Thus, the design of the pulse transformer is crucial for the modulator performance. In this paper, a step by step design procedure of a pulse transformer for rectangular pulse shape with fast rise time is presented. Different transformer topologies are compared with respect of the parasitic elements, which are then calculated analytically depending on the mechanical dimensions of the transformer. Additionally, the influence of the core material, the limited switching speed of semiconductors and the nonlinear impedance characteristic of a klystron are analyzed.
Characterization of Precipitates by Three-Dimensional Electron Tomography (2007)

Structures and morphologies of Ge precipitates in an Al-Ge alloy were characterized by a combination of transmission electron microscopy and three-dimensional electron tomography. Faceting of the precipitates was clearly seen using transmission electron microscopy and varieties of precipitate morphologies were identified by three-dimensional electron tomography.
Visualization of tumor-influenced 3D lung dynamics (2006)

A framework for real-time visualization of a tumor-influenced lung dynamics is presented in this paper. This framework potentially allows clinical technicians to visualize in 3D the morphological changes of lungs under different breathing conditions. Consequently, this technique may provide a sensitive and accurate assessment tool for pre-operative and intra-operative clinical guidance. The proposed simulation method extends work previously developed for modeling and visualizing normal 3D lung dynamics. The model accounts for the changes in the regional lung functionality and the global motor response due to the presence of a tumor. For real-time deformation purposes, we use a Green's function (GF), a physically based approach that allows real-time multi-resolution modeling of the lung deformations. This function also allows an analytical estimation of the GF's deformation parameters from the 4D lung datasets at different level-of-details of the lung model. Once estimated, the subject-specific GF facilitates the simulation of tumor-influenced lung deformations subjected to any breathing condition modeled by a parametric Pressure-Volume (PV) relation.
Anatomical and visual outcome after pars plana vitrectomy in acute postcataract endophthalmitis (2013)

Abstract Purpose To report visual and anatomical outcome of patients vitrectomized for acute post bacterial endophthalmitis Methods 123 patients with acute postcataract endophthalmitis and consecutively treated by pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) were included in four academic hospitals (French Institutional Endophthalmitis Study (FRIENDS) group). Results At 6 month follow‐up, 49 patients (40%) had a visual acuity (VA) greater than or equal to 20/40, and 83 patients (68%) had VA greater than or equal to 20/200. Baseline factors associated with final VA ≥20/40 were a younger age (Odds ratio, OR= 1.05 (1.05‐1.09), p=0.006), presence of fundus visibility (OR=7 (1,4‐34,6),p=0.007), and absence of cataract surgery complications (OR=15.3 (1.9‐32), p=0.001), corneal edema (OR= 2.3 (1.1‐4.9), p= 0.02), hypopion (OR= 2.6 (1.1‐6.6), p=0.04), or of virulent bacteria (OR=3.1 (1.4‐6.7), p=0.005). At the time of PPV, absence of vasculitis at the posterior pole at the time of PPV (OR= 7 (1.4‐34.6), p=0.02) and a lower duration of PPV (OR=1.02 (1.01‐1.04), p=0.02) were significantly associated with final VA ≥20/40. Risk factors of RD were diabetes (OR = 4.7 (1.4‐15.4), p=0.01), and visualization of retinal vasculitis on the posterior pole (OR = 3.8 (1.1‐13.9), p= 0.03) at the time of PPV. Conclusion PPV allowed to be beneficial in a majority of the patients. Baseline inflammatory signs and bacterial virulence are the main prognostic visual factors. RD remains the major complication but final anatomical and visual outcome is still poor, despite updated vitreoretinal techniques
In situ electron energy-loss spectroscopy on carbon nanotubes during deformation (2001)

Local modifications to the electronic structure during the bending deformation of carbon nanotubes are probed by in situ electron energy-loss spectroscopy. Reversible changes in the carbon K(1s) absorption near-edge fine structures are detected at the inner bending side for a multiwalled carbon nanotube and attributed to the curvature-induced electronic structure alteration of the graphite layers. More intensive changes in the carbon K edge across an abrupt kink of a bundle of single-walled carbon nanotubes are observed over a region of 4–5 nm around the kink. These results clearly demonstrate the unique deformation behavior of the carbon nanotube, namely, a high elastic deformability and variable electronic properties associated with bending.
An SOI thermal-diffusivity-based temperature sensor with &#x00B1;0.6&#x00B0;C (3&#x03A3;) untrimmed inaccuracy from &#x2212;70&#x00B0;C to 170&#x00B0;C (2011)

This work presents the first thermal-diffusivity-based temperature sensor in SOI technology; it has an untrimmed inaccuracy of ±0.6°C (3π) from -70°C up to 170°C and uses up to 7x less power than prior art. The sensor uses an electrothermal filter (ETF) to measure the thermal diffusivity of silicon, D, which has a well-defined 1/T <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1.8</sup> temperature dependence. The ETF's output is digitized by a phase-domain sigma-delta modulator. Measured data from several process lots show that that the sensor's inaccuracy is limited by lithographic spread, and not by wafer-to-wafer or batch-to-batch variations.
Heteroatom Analogues of Hydrocodone: Synthesis and Biological Activity (2013)

Heteroatom analogues of hydrocodone, in which the N-methyl functionality was replaced with oxygen, sulfur, sulfoxide, and sulfone, were prepared by a short sequence from the ethylene glycol ketal of hydrocodone; a carbocyclic analogue of bisnorhydrocodone was also prepared. The compounds were tested for receptor binding and revealed moderate levels of activity for the sulfone analogue of hydrocodone.
3d transition-metal intercalates of the niobium and tantalum dichalcogenides. II. Transport properties (1980)

Abstract The Hall coefficient and resistivity of the first-row transition-metal intercalates, M1/3TaS2 (M = V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni), Mnl/4TaS2, M1/3NbS2 (M = V, Cr) and Fel/4NbSe2 have been measured as a function of temperature. These intercalation complexes show either ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic orderings and there are large anomalies in both transport properties at the respective magnetic-ordering temperatures. The Hall coefficient in the ferromagnetic intercalates varies linearly with the magnetic susceptibility for temperatures above the Curie temperature, Tc, and as the square of the resistivity for temperatures below Tc. We have observed that the Hall coefficient of Fe1/3TaS2 varies non-linearly with the applied field near the Curie temperature. We have found a similar variation of the spin-disorder resistivities of the complexes, M1/3TaS2 and M1/3NbS2 (M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) with the intercalate ion.
Neurofilaments Bind Tubulin and Modulate Its Polymerization (2009)

Neurofilaments assemble from three intermediate-filament proteins, contribute to the radial growth of axons, and are exceptionally stable. Microtubules are dynamic structures that assemble from tubulin dimers to support intracellular transport of molecules and organelles. We show here that neurofilaments, and other intermediate-filament proteins, contain motifs in their N-terminal domains that bind unassembled tubulin. Peptides containing such motifs inhibit the in vitro polymerization of microtubules and can be taken up by cultured cells in which they disrupt microtubules leading to altered cell shapes and an arrest of division. In transgenic mice in which neurofilaments are withheld from the axonal compartment, axonal tubulin accumulation is normal but microtubules assemble in excessive numbers. These observations suggest a model in which axonal neurofilaments modulate local microtubule assembly. This capacity also suggests novel mechanisms through which inherited or acquired disruptions in intermediate filaments might contribute to pathogenesis in multiple conditions.
A Novel Model-Based Hearing Compensation Design Using a Gradient-Free Optimization Method (2005)

We propose a novel model-based hearing compensation strategy and gradient-free optimization procedure for a learning-based hearing aid design. Motivated by physiological data and normal and impaired auditory nerve models, a hearing compensation strategy is cast as a neural coding problem, and a Neurocompensator is designed to compensate for the hearing loss and enhance the speech. With the goal of learning the Neurocompensator parameters, we use a gradient-free optimization procedure, an improved version of the ALOPEX that we have developed, to learn the unknown parameters of the Neurocompensator. We present our methodology, learning procedure, and experimental results in detail; discussion is also given regarding the unsupervised learning and optimization methods.
Multiplexed Fluid Array Screening of Phage Displayed Anti-Ricin Single Domain Antibodies for Rapid Assessment of Specificity (2007)

Phage display is a well-known technique that facilitates the selection of peptides or proteins that bind to a desired target. Using this tool, binding elements contained in the natural immune repertoires of the source animal or from a synthetically generated collection may be selected. The unpaired variable domain of the llama's heavy-chain-only classes of immunoglobulins represents an ideal source of genetic material to create phage display libraries. Initial panning of a semi-synthetic llama library yielded only one binder to the toxin ricin. In an effort to increase the number of monoclonal phage binders selected, the Luminex xMAP technology (Luminex, Austin, TX, USA) was used in addition to the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to screen clonal populations of phage after three rounds of selection. The xMAP technology detected phage displayed single domain antibody (sdAb) bound to ricin immobilized on the surface of microspheres under equilibrium conditions. This enhanced capability led directly to the identification of additional single domain antibodies of interest. The selected sdAbs were expressed, purified, and then evaluated for their specificity as well as enhanced thermal stability in comparison to conventional immunoglobulin G (IgG). We determined equilibrium dissociation constants and demonstrated their use as effective capture molecules in sandwich immunoassays.
Planckintermediate results (2013)

Using precise full-sky observations from Planck, and applying several methods of component separation, we identify and characterise the emission from the Galactic "haze" at microwave wavelengths. The haze is a distinct component of diffuse Galactic emission, roughly centered on the Galactic centre, and extends to |b| 35-50 in Galactic latitude and |l| 15-20 in longitude. By combining the Planck data with observations from the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe, we were able to determine the spectrum of this emission to high accuracy, unhindered by the strong systematic biases present in previous analyses. The derived spectrum is consistent with power-law emission with a spectral index of -2.56 0.05, thus excluding free-free emission as the source and instead favouring hard-spectrum synchrotron radiation from an electron population with a spectrum (number density per energy) dN/dE E -2.1 . At Galactic latitudes |b| < 30 , the microwave haze morphology is consistent with that of the Fermi gamma-ray "haze" or "bubbles", while at b -50 we have identified an edge in the microwave haze that is spatially coincident with the edge in the gamma-ray bubbles. Taken together, this indicates that we have a multi-wavelength view of a distinct component of our Galaxy. Given both the very hard spectrum and the extended nature of the emission, it is highly unlikely that the haze electrons result from supernova shocks in the Galactic disk. Instead, a new astrophysical mechanism for cosmic-ray acceleration in the inner Galaxy is implied.
Absorption and emission spectra of a single-crystal (maleonitriledithiolato)palladate(II) complex (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAbsorption and emission spectra of a single-crystal (maleonitriledithiolato)palladate(II) complexWolfgang Guentner, Guenter Gliemann, Horst Kunkely, Christian Reber, and Jeffrey I. ZinkCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1990, 29, 26, 5238–5241Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00351a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00351a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views94Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
DC-link free grid integration of bi-directional inductive power transfer systems (2013)

Matrix converter (MC) based bi-directional inductive power transfer (BD-IPT) is an efficient and reliable technique for supplying wireless power to several grid connected applications such as vehicle-to-grid (V2G) systems. However, complex current commutation algorithms, modulation schemes and auxiliary circuits are essentially required for safe operation of the MC, making MC based BD-IPT systems more complicated and expensive. This paper therefore presents a new technique for grid integration of BD-IPT systems without employing a DC-link capacitor. A mathematical model is presented to show that both magnitude and direction of power flow can be controlled by regulating the relative phase angles of the voltages generated by converters. The validity of the presented mathematical analysis is verified through simulation results of a 2.5 kW model and results suggest that the proposed system is more efficient with lesser semiconductor losses and is capable of delivering a higher power output over MC based BD-IPT systems.
Image-guided intervention in the human bile duct using scanning fiber endoscope system (2012)

Bile duct cancers are increasing in frequency while being difficult to diagnose. Currently available endoscopic imaging devices used in the biliary tree are low resolution with poor image quality, leading to inadequate evaluation of indeterminate biliary strictures. However, a new ultrathin and flexible cholangioscope system has been successfully demonstrated in a human subject. This mini-cholangioscope system uses a scanning fiber endoscope (SFE) as a forward-imaging guidewire, dimensions of 1.2-mm diameter and 3-m length. Full color video (500-line resolution at 30Hz) is the standard SFE imaging mode using spiral scanning of red, green, and blue laser light at low power. Image-guided operation of the biopsy forceps was demonstrated in healthy human bile ducts with and without saline flushing. The laser-based video imaging can be switched to various modes to enhance tissue markers of disease, such as widefield fluorescence and enhanced spectral imaging. In parallel work, biochemical discrimination of tissue health in pig bile duct has been accomplished using fiberoptic delivery of pulsed UV illumination and time-resolved autofluorescence spectroscopic measurements. Implementation of time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy for biochemical assessment of the bile duct wall is being done through a secondary endoscopic channel. Preliminary results indicate that adequate SNR levels (&gt; 30 dB) can be achieved through a 50 micron fiber, which could serve as an optical biopsy probe. The SFE is an ideal mini-cholangioscope for integration of both tissue and molecular specific image contrast in the future. This will provide the physician with unprecedented abilities to target biopsy locations and perform endoscopically-guided therapies.
Electrodeposition of Pd-Based Binary Catalysts on Carbon Paper Via Surface-Limited Redox-Replacement Reactions for Oxygen Reduction Reaction (2014)

Direct alcohol fuel cells (DAFCs) continue to extensive attention as potential power sources for portable and stationary applications [1]. The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) involving the four electron transfer remains a challenge for DAFCs due to its slow kinetics. Research activities worldwide are focussed on improving the performance of ORR catalysts, reducing the amount of Pt required in DAFCs and in addition, developing catalysts tolerant to alcohol (alcohol crossover). Pd has attracted enormous attention as it is more abundant and also cheaper than Pt [2-5]. In this presentation, Electrochemical Atomic Layer Deposition (ECALD) was used in the preparation of binary ORR catalysts. The binary nanoclusters were synthesised via surface-limited redox-replacement reaction (SLR 3 ) with Cu as a sacrificial metal. Co-deposition of the two metals on carbon paper was also performed. ECALD is the appropriate fabrication methodology because the resultant catalysts showed good dispersion of the nanoclusters on the carbon paper. This will reduce the amount of Pt and increase the utilization of the catalyst. The prepared binary nanoclusters were evaluated for the ORR. References: F. Barbir, PEM Fuel Cells: Theory and Practice, Elsevier Academic Press, 2005, Oxford: p. 1-16 A. Kiani, E.N. Fard, Fabrication of palladium coated nanoporous gold film electrode via underpotential deposition and spontaneous metal replacement: A low palladium loading electrode with electrocatalytic activity, Electrochim. Acta. 54 (2009) 7254-7259. T.S. Mkwizu, M.K. Mathe, I. Cukrowski, Electrodeposition of Multilayered Bimetallic Nanoclusters of Ruthenium and Platinum via Surface-Limited Redox− Replacement Reactions for Electrocatalytic Applications, Langmuir. 26 (2009) 570-580. L.B. Sheridan, D.K. Gebregziabiher, J.L. Stickney, D.B. Robinson, Formation of Palladium nanofilms using Electrochemical Atomic Layer Deposition (E-ALD) with Chloride complexation, Langmuir 29 (2013) 1592 R.M. Modibedi, M.K. Mathe, R.G. Motsoeneng, L.E. Khotseng, K.I. Ozoemena, E.K. Louw, Electro-deposition of Pd on Carbon paper and Ni foam via surface limited redox-replacement reaction for oxygen reduction reaction, Electrochimica Acta (2013), accepted for publication