gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simulation study of a DOI-based PET-Compton imaging system for positron emitters (2015)

PET is the most sensitive imaging technique in the field of nuclear medicine. However, the singles count rate is typically 10 times higher than the coincidence count rate even for positron emitters. This means that there are a lot of pairs of undetected annihilation photons. For single gamma imaging, Compton imaging is known as the only method to obtain directional information of an incoming gamma ray without using collimators. Compton kinematics collimation suffers from poor angular resolution due to Doppler broadening, energy blurring, and position blurring. Therefore, the spatial resolution of Compton imaging is worse than PET imaging in general. However, non-coincident singles photons have the potential to extend the field-of-view (FOV) beyond the scope of PET's FOV and to contribute to improved imaging performance. In this paper, therefore, we propose a system combining PET and Compton imaging by depth-of-interaction (DOI) detectors, and we show the feasibility of this system using a Monte Carlo simulator. The simulated system consisted of 48 DOI detectors arranged in five rings with a ring diameter of 80 cm. Detector materials of scatter layer were selected among Si, LaBr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> and GAGG. Absorber layer was only made of GAGG crystal for having both high stopping power of annihilation photon and high energy resolution. The thickness of the scatter layer was changed from 1 mm to 10 mm, and the thickness of the absorber layer was fixed to 2 cm. For the 70-cm NEMA phantom measurements, LaBr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> and GAGG had back scatter ratio of about 15% without an energy window, but had higher Compton sensitivity than PET sensitivity even after back scatter reduction based on the energy window. For all detector materials of the scatter layer, non-coincident singles events were up to 30 times higher than coincidence events, and ratios of Compton events in non-coincident singles were below 20%. Finally, Compton sensitivities were up to 3 times higher than PET sensitivities for all scatter layers over 5-mm thickness. The proposed system promises higher Compton sensitivity than PET sensitivity.
Simultaneous Light Emission from a Mixture of Dendrimer Encapsulated Chromophores:  A Model for Single-Layer Multichromophoric Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (2003)

The site isolation of two dyes capable of electronic interaction via Forster energy transfer has been studied with the two dyes coumarin 343 and pentathiophene encapsulated by dendrons containing both solubilizing and electroactive moieties. Photoluminescence studies of mixtures of the dendritic dyes show that at high dendron generation, significant site isolation is achieved with relative emission characteristics influenced by both the degree of site isolation and the emission quantum yield of the dyes. Electroluminescence studies carried out in organic light emitting diode devices confirm that color tuning may be achieved by mixing the two encapsulated dyes in a single layer. However, selective carrier trapping by one of the core component dyes can dramatically influence the effectiveness of other components in the device.
Fe-doped Binary and Ternary II-VI Mid-Infrared Laser Materials (2013)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text V. V. Fedorov, D. V. Martyshkin, M. S. Mirov, I. S. Moskalev, S. Vasilyev, J. Peppers, V. P. Gapontsev, and S. B. Mirov, "Fe-doped Binary and Ternary II-VI Mid-Infrared Laser Materials," in Advanced Solid-State Lasers Congress, G. Huber and P. Moulton, eds., OSA Technical Digest (online) (Optica Publishing Group, 2013), paper AW1A.8. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Parametric binaural audio coding (2010)

A spatial audio scene consists of discrete audio sources and ambience. The 3D audio image is observed due to the directional sounds, but even more important is the reverberation and so called room effect caused by the properties of the space, the sources and listener location. It is obvious that a human being is able to capture the 3D image using the signal from left and right ear. Hence, two audio channels are sufficient to represent the spatial audio image for the listener. An efficient transmission and representation of a spatial audio image using two channels requires a specific coding and rendering algorithm for the audio content. In this paper we present novel mechanisms to efficiently parameterize, quantize and represent the spatial audio signal.
Continuous-flow precipitation of hydroxyapatite in ultrasonic microsystems (2012)

This paper describes the continuous-flow precipitation of hydroxyapatite Ca5(PO4)3OH (HAp) in two ultrasonic microreactors using diluted aqueous solutions of calcium and phosphate at 37°C. Precipitation of HAp was first carried out in a tubular microreactor immersed in an ultrasonic bath, where single-phase (laminar) flow and segmented gas-liquid flow were both evaluated. The single-phase flow study was then conducted in a novel microfluidic device developed at MIT. It consists of a Teflon stack microreactor with an integrated piezoelectric element (Teflon microreactor), thereby allowing the direct transmission of ultrasound to the reactor. Both microsystems produce single-phased calcium-deficient carbonated HAp under near-physiological conditions of temperature and pH. In addition, particle aggregation and primary particle size were significantly reduced in the segmented-flow tubular microreactor and in the Teflon microreactor. The as-prepared particles mostly consisted of rod-like shape nanoparticles with dimensions below 100nm in length and around 20nm in width. Further, the microreactors used yielded HAp particles with improved characteristics, namely higher crystallinity and less carbonate contamination, when compared to the HAp particles produced in a stirred tank batch reactor. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.
Synthesis of monoclinicIrTe2under high pressure and its physical properties (2015)

In a pressure-temperature $(P\text{\ensuremath{-}}T)$ diagram for synthesizing $\mathrm{IrT}{\mathrm{e}}_{2}$ compounds, the well-studied trigonal $(H)$ phase with the $\mathrm{Cd}{\mathrm{I}}_{2}$-type structure is stable at low pressures. The superconducting cubic $(C)$ phase can be synthesized under higher temperatures and pressures. A rhombohedral phase with the crystal structure similar to the $C$ phase can be made at ambient pressure; but the phase contains a high concentration of Ir deficiency. In this paper we report that a rarely studied monoclinic $(M)$ phase can be stabilized in narrow ranges of pressure and temperature in this $P\text{\ensuremath{-}}T$ diagram. The peculiar crystal structure of the $M\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{IrT}{\mathrm{e}}_{2}$ eliminates the tendency to form Ir-Ir dimers found in the $H$ phase. The $M$ phase has been fully characterized by structural determination and measurements of electrical resistivity, thermoelectric power, DC magnetization, and specific heat. These physical properties have been compared with those in the $H$ and $C$ phases of $\mathrm{I}{\mathrm{r}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}\mathrm{T}{\mathrm{e}}_{2}$. Moreover, magnetic and transport properties and specific heat of the $M\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{IrT}{\mathrm{e}}_{2}$ can be fully justified by calculations with the density-functional theory presented in this paper.
Inhomogeneous Metasurfaces With Engineered Dispersion for Broadband Hybrid-Mode Horn Antennas (2013)

Metamaterial and metasurface structures, which satisfy the balanced hybrid conditions, have been recently proposed for designing hybrid-mode soft and hard horn antennas. In this paper, we present the design of broadband soft metasurfaces and their applications in hybrid-mode conical horns. These designs exhibit surface characteristics that can be controlled by adjusting the constituent structural elements. The analysis and design of metasurfaces were performed on both a planar platform and in a cylindrical waveguide structure. Such dispersion-engineered metasurfaces with customized surface properties can support the desired hybrid modes in a cylindrical waveguide, facilitating their usage in horn antennas. By engineering the metasurfaces with regard to their surface impedance as well as tailoring their spatial distributions along the wall of the horn, we demonstrate an inhomogeneous metahorn with superior performance and broader bandwidth compared to those with uniform liners. The symmetric far-field radiation patterns with low sidelobe and cross-polarization levels, together with the corresponding aperture field distributions, signifies the hybrid-mode operation of the horn, validating the efficacy and broadband performance of the metasurfaces. Such metasurface-lined horns can be employed as soft feeds in dual polarization antenna systems.
Mechanism of cone cells death in retinitis pigmentosa (2019)

Abstract Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a group of diseases in which one of a large number of mutations causes death of rod photoreceptors. After rods die, cone photoreceptors slowly degenerate in a characteristic pattern. Rod cell death causes night blindness, but visual disability and blindness result from cone degeneration and therefore it is critical to determine the mechanisms by which it occurs. The death of rods reduces oxygen consumption resulting high tissue levels of oxygen in the outer retina. The excess oxygen stimulates superoxide radical production by mismatches in the electron transport chain in mitochondria and by stimulation of NADPH oxidase activity in cytoplasm. The high levels of superoxide radicals overwhelm the antioxidant defense system and generate more reactive species including peroxynitrite which is extremely damaging and difficult to detoxify. This results in progressive oxidative damage in cones which contributes to cone cell death and loss of function because drugs or gene transfer that reduce oxidative stress promote cone survival and maintenance of function. Oral administration of N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) has shown good efficacy in mouse models of RP prompting the FIGHT RP1 open label clinical trial, the results of which will be presented.
High precision testing of optical components (1998)

High quality lenses have reached a standard where wavefront tolerances of a few nanometers for transmission and surface figure of individual components are necessary. The standard measuring tool in production is digital interferometry. To satisfy the demands of current and future production quality interferometric equipment has to provide an overall accuracy below one nanometer under fabrication environment. This is reasonable especially if „workman's rule“ is applied demanding a tolerance/resolution factor for metrology of ≥10:1.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Pyridylstannanes from Halopyridines and Hexamethyldistannane with Catalytic Palladium. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Higher-Order Looping and Nuclear Organization of Tcra Facilitate Targeted RAG Cleavage and Regulated Rearrangement in Recombination Centers (2013)

V(D)J recombination is essential for generating a diverse array of B and T cell receptors that can recognize and combat foreign antigens. As with any recombination event, tight control is essential to prevent the occurrence of genetic anomalies that drive cellular transformation. One important aspect of regulation is directed targeting of the RAG recombinase. Indeed, RAG accumulates at the 3' end of individual antigen receptor loci poised for rearrangement; however, it is not known whether focal binding is involved in regulating cleavage, and what mechanisms lead to enrichment of RAG in this region. Here, we show that monoallelic looping out of the 3' end of the T cell receptor α (Tcra) locus, coupled with transcription and increased chromatin/nuclear accessibility, is linked to focal RAG binding and ATM-mediated regulation of monoallelic cleavage on looped-out 3' regions. Our data identify higher-order loop formation as a key determinant of directed RAG targeting and the maintenance of genome stability.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1 Inhibitor Treatment Regresses Autochthonous <i>Brca2/p53</i>-Mutant Mammary Tumors <i>In vivo</i> and Delays Tumor Relapse in Combination with Carboplatin (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1 from Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1 Inhibitor Treatment Regresses Autochthonous &lt;i&gt;Brca2/p53&lt;/i&gt;-Mutant Mammary Tumors &lt;i&gt;In vivo&lt;/i&gt; and Delays Tumor Relapse in Combination with Carboplatin
Electrical Imaging of Permeable Reactive Barrier (PRB) Integrity (2002)

PreviousNext No AccessSymposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems 2002Electrical Imaging of Permeable Reactive Barrier (PRB) IntegrityAuthors: Lee SlaterJoe BakerAndrew BinleyDanney GlaserIsaiah UtneLee SlaterDepartment of Geosciences, UMKC, Kansas City, MO, Joe BakerHoneywell FM & T, Kansas City, MO, Andrew BinleyDept. Environmental Science, Lancaster University, Lancaster, England, Danney GlaserDepartment of Geosciences, UMKC, Kansas City, MO, and Isaiah UtneDepartment of Geosciences, UMKC, Kansas City, MOhttps://doi.org/10.4133/1.2927095 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Abstract Introductory paragraph for this paper is available only in the PDF and GZipped PS filesPermalink: https://doi.org/10.4133/1.2927095FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems 2002ISSN (online):1554-8015Copyright: 2002 Pages: publication data© 2002 Copyright © 2002 The Environmental and Engineering Geophysical SocietyPublisher:Environmental & Engineering Geophysical Society HistoryPublished: 30 Sep 2008 CITATION INFORMATION Lee Slater, Joe Baker, Andrew Binley, Danney Glaser, and Isaiah Utne, (2002), "Electrical Imaging of Permeable Reactive Barrier (PRB) Integrity," Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems Proceedings : ESC3-ESC3. https://doi.org/10.4133/1.2927095 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Synthesis, transition temperatures, and optical properties of compounds with simple phenyl units linked by double bond, triple bond, ester or propiolate linkages (2000)

A series of compounds has been prepared with 4-butylsulfanylphenyl and 4-cyano- or 4-isothiocyanato-phenyl units connected by -CHCH-, -COO-, -CC-, or -CC-COO- linking groups. The synthesis of the novel compounds is presented and the transition temperatures and optical parameters of the compounds are discussed and compared with those for related biphenyl reference systems. The ester linking group reduces optical and polarisability anisotropy, but the other linking groups give increased optical anisotropy (up to Δn = 0.50) and polarisability anisotropy [up to Δα = 45.2 Å3 (10−30 m3)].
A new Escherichia coli gene, dsbG, encodes a periplasmic protein involved in disulphide bond formation, required for recycling DsbA/DsbB and DsbC redox proteins (1997)

We have identified and functionally characterized a new Escherichia coli gene, dsbG, whose product is involved in disulphide bond formation in the periplasm. The dsbG gene was cloned from a multicopy plasmid library lacking the dsbB redox protein-encoding gene. Multicopy dsbG-carrying clones were selected, since they allowed E. coli to grow at lethal concentrations of dithiothreitol. In a complementary genetic approach, point mutations were independently obtained and mapped to the dsbG gene. Such mutations led simultaneously to a dithiothreitol-sensitive phenotype and an increased sigmaE-dependent heat shock response, which reflects the presence of misfolded proteins in the extracytoplasm. In agreement with these observations, dsbG mutants were shown to accumulate reduced forms of a variety of disulphide bond-containing proteins in the periplasm. This DsbG defect could be rescued by addition to the growth medium of either oxidized dithiothreitol or cystine, or by overexpression of the dsbA or dsbB genes. DsbG is synthesized as a precursor form of 27.5 kDa and processed to a 25.7kDa mature species located in the periplasm. DsbG was overproduced, purified to homogeneity and shown to have redox properties of thiol-disulphide oxidoreductases in vitro. Replacement of the first Cys residue of the predicted active site, Phe-(Xaa)4-Cys-Pro-Tyr-Cys by Ala, completely inactivated DsbG protein function. Taken together, all our results demonstrate that DsbG acts in vivo as an efficient thiol-disulphide oxidase. In addition, dsbG is the first member of the dsb family for which null mutations are conditionally lethal and can be propagated only if supplemented with oxidants in the growth medium. We propose that the main role of DsbG is to maintain the proper redox balance between the DsbA/DsbB and DsbC systems.
Sulforaphane prevents and reverses allergic airways disease in mice via anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and epigenetic mechanisms (2021)

Abstract Sulforaphane has been investigated in human pathologies and preclinical models of airway diseases. To provide further mechanistic insights, we explored L-sulforaphane (LSF) in the ovalbumin (OVA)-induced chronic allergic airways murine model, with key hallmarks of asthma. Histological analysis indicated that LSF prevented or reversed OVA-induced epithelial thickening, collagen deposition, goblet cell metaplasia, and inflammation. Well-known antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms contribute to the beneficial effects of LSF. Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy revealed altered composition of macromolecules, including lipids, following OVA-sensitization, which were restored by LSF. RNA sequencing in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells highlighted the anti-inflammatory signature of LSF. Novel findings indicated that LSF reduced the expression and activity of histone deacetylase 8. Further, LSF resulted in histone and α-tubulin hyperacetylation in vivo. More generally, this study identified new epigenetic regulatory mechanisms accounting for the protective effects and provide support for the potential clinical utility of LSF in allergic airways disease.
Case comparison of sleep features from ear-EEG and scalp-EEG (2016)

The results indicate that ear-electroencephalography can be used for sleep staging.
Effect of elastic constants on the stresses in stripes and substrates: a 2D FE calculation (1998)

We report results of the finite element (FE) calculations of strains and stresses in stripe-substrate (S-S) heterostructures for several values of Young's moduli ( for the stripe and for the substrate), stripe halfwidth l and its thickness h. The normalized stress ( is the stress in the large area layer where effect of edge induced relaxation is absent) in both the stripe and the substrate depends only on the ratio and not on the individual values of and . Numerical values of are calculated by the FE method for nine values of and five values of . It is found that has only a weak influence on the stress distribution. in both the stripes and the substrates decreases monotonically and approximately linearly as increases. The values reported in this paper can be used for other values of , l and h by interpolation without the need of making fresh FE calculations for each case. Experimental values of the stresses determined from the luminescence and the micro-Raman data support strongly the conclusion that the dependence of stress on is weak.
Renal Vasodilation Withl-Arginine (1995)

Infusion of L-arginine, the substrate for nitric oxide synthase, causes renal vasodilation. Since dietary salt restriction blunts the renal vasoconstrictor response to inhibition of nitric oxide synthase, we investigated the hypothesis that dietary salt intake determines the renal vascular response to L-arginine. Bolus intravenous doses of L-arginine given to anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats caused dose-dependent increases in renal blood flow and decreases in renal vascular resistance, whereas D-arginine was not effective. The response to L-arginine was prevented by pretreatment with NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester. Compared with rats adapted to a high salt diet, those adapted to a low salt diet were more sensitive to the reductions in blood pressure and renal vascular resistance (threshold dose of L-arginine for renal vascular resistance: low salt, 2.9 +/- 0.9 mumol . kg-1 versus high salt, 20.0 +/- 6.2; P < .025), but the maximal changes in renal vascular resistance were similar (low salt, -43 +/- 5% versus high salt, -34 +/- 5%; P = NS). Bolus doses of L-glycine also caused dose-dependent renal vasodilation, but the renal vasodilator responses were not affected by salt intake. Preinfusion of L-arginine augmented the renal vasoconstrictor response to NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester in low salt but not high salt rats; after L-arginine dietary salt no longer significantly affected the renal vasoconstrictor response to NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester. In conclusion, renal vasodilation is more sensitive to L-arginine during salt restriction. This effect is specific for L-arginine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Arrays of Nanoscale Lenses for Subwavelength Optical Lithography (2010)

Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) polymer lens arrays are made by using dip-pen nanolithography to deposit nanoscale PEG features on hydrophobically modified quartz glass. The dimensions of the PEG lenses are controlled by tuning dwell time and polymer molecular weight. The PEG polymer lenses on the quartz substrate act as a phase-shift photomask for fabricating subwavelength scale features, ∼ 100 nm in width. Depending upon UV irradiation time during the photolithography, the photoresist nanostructures can be transitioned from well-shaped (short time) to ring-shaped (long time) features. The technique can be used to pattern large areas through the use of cantilever arrays.
Corrigendum: Site-Specific DC Surface Signatures Influence CD4+ T Cell Co-stimulation and Lung-Homing (2019)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01650.].
Information Security: A Defensive Battle (2004)

Abstract Medium to large networks usually comprise different types of security components. To establish an efficient security architecture, an engineer must fully understand the major role of each security component, its comparative advantage, and natural position. Although this article does not mention every type of the existing and emerging security product, it is possible to apply the battlefield analogies to virtually every type of security solution to simplify the complicated architecture of today's data networks. The basic security platform comprises a layered approach and an efficient way to synchronize security products at different layers of the network.