gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Built-in Self TestofRFTransceiver SoCs: fromSignal ChaintoRFSynthesizers (Invited) (2007)

Built-in self test techniques forlocal oscillator at different intermediate stages,catastrophic and phase noise, RFfront-end circuits, baseband building blocksparametric faults canbedetected andlocated. and transceiver loop-backare described. CMOS implementation ofintegrated RF test components, including 1. ONCHiTESTING OFWIRELESs TRANSCEIVERS RF detectors andphasediscriminators areintroduced. These devices eliminate theneedforexpensive external test A loop-back connection betweenthetransmitter and equipment. Thepresented test strategies canalsobeusedat wafer-level forfaultdiagnosis, localization andyieldreceiver chalins isone oftheearliest strategies totest the estimation. Silicon characterization results verifying mostof functionality ofwireless andwire-line communication these techniques areprovided. systems (4).On-chip implementations ofthis technique IndexTerms - Built-in SelfTest, RF Test, Amplitudehavebeendemonstrated (5). Itdoesnotrequire external Detector, Wireless Transceiver, Loopback, VCO PhaseNoise. stimuli andiseffective todetect catastrophic faults inthe complete signal path. Tointroduce aswitch intheloop- SQd xXo 2Q 3 4 g56Xi~~~~~~~~~~~~~ X/
Abstract TP318: The Circumstances and Consequences of Post-stroke Falls (2013)

Introduction: Three-quarters of people with stroke sustain a fall. Fall risk and risk for injury persists into the chronics phases of stroke recovery. Currently, the circumstances surrounding post-stroke falls are not well understood; identifying these circumstances is a key step in the development of fall prevention programs. Likewise, the consequences of falls during the chronic phases of stroke are largely unexplored. Objectives: The objectives of the study were to identify the circumstances and consequences of post-stroke fall events. Methods: This is a secondary analysis of data derived from a large trial. To be included in the trial and these analyses, participants had to have survived a stroke and had a diagnosis of hypertension or blood pressure &gt;140/90 mmHg. Demographics and stroke characteristics were recorded. Patients were asked about falls prospectively over the one-year study period. Once a fall event was identified, chart review and interviews were used to obtain information regarding circumstances and consequences of the fall. Fall circumstances were separated into intrinsic/personal and environmental categories including: falls with activity; falls with movement; falls due to trips or slips; falls related to a physical or mental state; location of the fall; and the season when the fall occurred. Consequences of falls were classified according to type of injury (laceration, fracture) and medical care received. Results: A total of 53 of the 225 (33%) participants reported a fall; 70% of falls occurred at home and 40% of falls were associated with impaired physical or mental state (e.g., falling asleep and falling out of a chair or inattention to tying shoes, or forgetting to use a device). Additionally, 21% of falls were associated with activities, 21% with mobility, and 34% with slips or trips. The majority of people who fell sustained an injury (72%); injuries ranged from bruising to fractures and 55% of those with an injury sought medical care (32% to emergency). Conclusion: Post-stroke falls are associated with an alarming rate of injury and healthcare utilization. Targeting mental and physical states may be key to fall prevention programming for people with chronic stroke.
Aging of Blood Vessels (2008)

William Osler stated that “A man is as old as his arteries.” Now, it has been known that attenuation of the production of reactive oxygen species and inhibition of inflammatory pathways play a central role in the anti-aging therapy for vasculature. Dysfunction of endothelial cells (EC) has been known to promote abnormal vascular growth such as that in atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis and postulated as an initial trigger of the progression of atherosclerosis in patients with diabetes mellitus, hypertension and hyperlipidemia. We and others have previously demonstrated high D-glucose directly induced apoptosis through activation of the bax-caspase proteases pathway in human EC. Although it has been known for years that vascular cells can release a large amount ROS, including superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and nitric oxide, the role of oxidative stress in atherogenesis has received increasing attention in recent years. Recent works strongly suggest that NADPH oxidase is a major source of superoxide in cardiovascular cells oxidative stress can be involved in the process of endothelial dysfunction. From a view of these molecular mechanisms, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (stains) might inhibit the NADPH oxidase activation through inhibition of Rac activity and finally prevent the increase in ROS production in diabetes. Actually, recent clinical trial suggests that statins prevent several vascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes without high concentration of LDL-cholesterol. This pleiotropic effect of statins can improve endothelial dysfunction through Nitric Oxide production and/or anti-oxidant effect in diabetes patients.
Cache Allocations for Consecutive Requests of Categorized Contents:\n Service Provider's Perspective (2020)

In wireless caching networks, a user generally has a concrete purpose of\nconsuming contents in a certain preferred category, and requests multiple\ncontents in sequence. While most existing research on wireless caching and\ndelivery has focused only on one-shot requests, the popularity distribution of\ncontents requested consecutively is definitely different from the one-shot\nrequest and has been not considered. Also, especially from the perspective of\nthe service provider, it is advantageous for users to consume as many contents\nas possible. Thus, this paper proposes two cache allocation policies for\ncategorized contents and consecutive user demands, which maximize 1) the cache\nhit rate and 2) the number of consecutive content consumption, respectively.\nNumerical results show how categorized contents and consecutive content\nrequests have impacts on the cache allocation.\n
Beyond n-grams (1998)

It seems obvious that a successful model of natural language would incorporate a great deal of both linguistic and world knowledge. Interestingly, state of the art language models for speech recognition are based on a very crude linguistic model, namely conditioning the probability of a word on a small fixed number of preceding words. Despite many attempts to incorporate more sophisticated information into the models, the n-gram model remains the state of the art, used in virtually all speech recognition systems. In this paper we address the question of whether there is hope in improving language modeling by incorporating more sophisticated linguistic and world knowledge, or whether the ngrams are already capturing the majority of the information that can be employed.
A new impact ionization current model applicable to both bulk and SOI MOSFETs by considering self-lattice-heating (2007)

In this paper, the analytical equations for the substrate current in scaled MOSFETs are developed based on energy-balance equation due to non-equilibrium transport, in which the maximum electric field is attributed to the spatially lagging electron temperature behind the local field. To the author's knowledge, this is the first substrate current model with the lattice temperature Tt built in automatically, the excess substrate current phenomenon reported for the SOI MOSFET due to self-lattice heating can be exactly captured by this new substrate current model.
Comparison of Ultrastructural Cytotoxic Effects of Carbon and Carbon/Iron Particulates on Human Monocyte-Derived Macrophages (2004)

In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the presence of iron in carbon particulates enhances ultrastructural perturbation in human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) after phagocytosis. We used 1-microm synthetic carbon-based particulates, designed to simulate environmental particulates of mass median aerodynamic diameter < or = 2.5 microm (PM2.5). Cultures of human MDMs or T-lymphocytes (as a nonphagocytic control) were exposed to carbon or carbon/iron particulates for various time periods and examined by transmission electron microscopy for ultrastructural changes. T-cells failed to internalize either of the particulates and showed no organelle or nuclear changes. Conversely, MDMs avidly phagocytized the particulates. MDMs treated with C particulates exhibited morphologic evidence of macrophage activation but no evidence of lysis of organelles. In contrast, MDMs treated with C/Fe particulates exhibited coalescence of particulate-containing lysosomes. This phenomenon was not observed in the case of C particulates. By 24 hr there was a tendency of the C/Fe particulates to agglomerate into loose or compact clusters. Surrounding the compact C/Fe agglomerates was a uniform zone of nearly total organelle lysis. The lytic changes diminished in proportion to the distance from the agglomerate. In such cells, the nucleus showed loss of chromatin. Although C particles induced no detectable oxidative burst on treated MDMs, C/Fe particles induced a nearly 5-fold increase in the extracellular oxidative burst by treated MDMs compared with untreated controls. Iron bound to C particles catalyzed the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to generate hydroxyl radicals. Results of these studies suggest that, among particulates of similar size, biologic activity can vary profoundly as a function of particulate physicochemical properties.
Radiographic severity of knee osteoarthritis is highly correlated with future progression of the disease (2002)

peer reviewed
Metamaterial-enhanced vibrational absorption spectroscopy for the detection of protein molecules (2016)

From visible to mid-infrared frequencies, molecular sensing has been a major successful application of plasmonics because of the enormous enhancement of the surface electromagnetic nearfield associated with the induced collective motion of surface free carriers excited by the probe light. However, in the lower-energy terahertz (THz) region, sensing by detecting molecular vibrations is still challenging because of low sensitivity, complicated spectral features, and relatively little accumulated knowledge of molecules. Here, we report the use of a micron-scale thin-slab metamaterial (MM) architecture, which functions as an amplifier for enhancing the absorption signal of the THz vibration of an ultrathin adsorbed layer of large organic molecules. We examined bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a prototype large protein molecule and Rhodamine 6G (Rh6G) and 3,3'-diethylthiatricarbocyanine iodide (DTTCI) as examples of small molecules. Among them, our MM significantly magnified only the signal strength of bulky BSA. On the other hand, DTTCI and Rh6G are inactive, as they lack low-frequency vibrational modes in this frequency region. The results obtained here clearly demonstrate the promise of MM-enhanced absorption spectroscopy in the THz region for detection and structural monitoring of large biomolecules such as proteins or pathogenic enzymes.
Reconfigurable amplifier towards enhanced selectivity of future multi-band mobile terminals (2010)

A single-path configuration and use of single-band devices with distributed reconfigurable matching networks have the potential to achieve the optimum RF front-end for future multi-band mobile terminals. Considering the difficulties in configuring a practical tunable filter as a top filter, collaboration between the filter and low-noise amplifier (LNA) is a candidate to achieve the performance level required for the RF front-end. More precisely, the LNA should have high selectivity against undesired out-of-band signals, and the selectivity should be tunable. As the first step, this paper presents a reconfigurable amplifier that incorporates integrated matching networks with MEMS switches. The fabricated amplifier that can change the frequency response exhibits an advantage through measurement with an out-of-band signal.
Observation of Electronic Structure in Conduction Band of CaTiO<sub>3</sub> (1998)

Electronic structure in the conduction band of CaTiO3 was examined by the bremsstrahlung isochromat spectroscopy (BIS), X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). Two broad bands were observed at 2 and 7eV above the Fermi energy in the BIS spectrum. The features of the XAS spectra for Ca L2, 3, Ti L2, 3, and O K edges were almost the same as those of the EELS spectra, and the XAS spectrum for each element was in reasonable agreement with its partial density of states estimated by an energy band calculation. A trial spectrum was synthesized by the sum of the XAS spectra, and it was found that the feature of the synthesized spectrum is similar to that of the BIS spectrum. From the comparison between XAS and BIS spectra, the two broad bands at 2 and 7eV in the BIS spectrum were assigned to Ti 3d bands and Ca 4s bands, respectively.
Protecting Reconfiguration in Future Mobile Communication Systems (2006)

Reconfiguration will only be accepted and hence become a success in the market if the security requirements of all stakeholders are satisfied adequately. Secure reconfiguration involves device protection, secure software download to defend against potentially malicious software, and secure reconfiguration signalling to prevent manipulation of the reconfiguration process.
Red phosphors for use in high CRI fluorescent lamps (2023)

Novel red emitting phosphors for use in fluorescent lamps resulting in superior color rendering index values compared to conventional red phosphors. Also disclosed is a fluorescent lamp including a phosphor layer comprising blends of one or more of a blue phosphor, a blue-green phosphor, a green phosphor and a red a phosphor selected from the group consisting of SrY.sub.2 O.sub.4 :Eu.sup.3+, (Y,Gd)Al.sub.3 B.sub.4 O.sub.12 :Eu.sup.3+, and [(Y.sub.1-x-y-m La.sub.y)Gd.sub.x ]BO.sub.3 :Eu.sub.m wherein y&lt;0.50 and m=0.001-0.3. The phosphor layer can optionally include an additional deep red phosphor and a yellow emitting phosphor. The resulting lamp will exhibit a white light having a color rendering index of 90 or higher with a correlated color temperature of from 2500 to 10000 Kelvin. The use of the disclosed red phosphors in phosphor blends of lamps results in high CRI light sources with increased stability and acceptable lumen maintenance over the course of the lamp life.
On Atomistic-to-Continuum Coupling by Blending (2008)

A mathematical framework for the coupling of atomistic and continuum models by blending them over a subdomain subject to a constraint is developed. Using the framework, four classes of atomistic-to-continuum (AtC) blending methods are established, their consistency is studied, and their relative merits are discussed. In addition, the framework helps clarify the origin of ghost forces and formalizes the notion of a patch test. Numerical experiments with the AtC methods are used to illustrate the theoretical results.
Multiband Automatic Tunable Antenna System Based on the Received Power of a Probe (2016)

This paper proposes a multiband automatic tunable antenna system for wide frequency bands of 704-2690MHz for cellular wireless communication systems. The proposed system controls variable capacitors connected between the antenna and a transmitter based on the received power of a probe. Locating the probe near the tip of the antenna enables frequency-a operation. The antenna is a multiband two-arm monopole antenna printed on a 60mm × 10mm area of a 60mm × 100mm FR-4 printed circuit board (PCB). The probe is a small dipole antenna capacitively coupled with the antenna. Fine-tuning based on simple hill-climbing optimization compensates the mismatch due to the surroundings, e.g., a user's hand/head or desk assuming channel-informed rough-tuning beforehand. A prototype consisting of varicap diodes and some other devices demonstrates automatic tunability.
Monte Carlo modeling of proton therapy installations: a global experimental method to validate secondary neutron dose calculations (2014)

Monte Carlo calculations are increasingly used to assess stray radiation dose to healthy organs of proton therapy patients and estimate the risk of secondary cancer. Among the secondary particles, neutrons are of primary concern due to their high relative biological effectiveness. The validation of Monte Carlo simulations for out-of-field neutron doses remains however a major challenge to the community. Therefore this work focused on developing a global experimental approach to test the reliability of the MCNPX models of two proton therapy installations operating at 75 and 178 MeV for ocular and intracranial tumor treatments, respectively. The method consists of comparing Monte Carlo calculations against experimental measurements of: (a) neutron spectrometry inside the treatment room, (b) neutron ambient dose equivalent at several points within the treatment room, (c) secondary organ-specific neutron doses inside the Rando-Alderson anthropomorphic phantom. Results have proven that Monte Carlo models correctly reproduce secondary neutrons within the two proton therapy treatment rooms. Sensitive differences between experimental measurements and simulations were nonetheless observed especially with the highest beam energy. The study demonstrated the need for improved measurement tools, especially at the high neutron energy range, and more accurate physical models and cross sections within the Monte Carlo code to correctly assess secondary neutron doses in proton therapy applications.
Image acquisition and interpretation of 18F-DCFPyL (piflufolastat F 18) PET/CT: How we do it. (2023)

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted positron emission tomography (PET) is rapidly becoming widely accepted as the standard-of-care for imaging of men with prostate cancer. Labeled indications for regulatoryapproved agents include primary staging and recurrent disease in men at risk of metastases. The first commercial PSMA PET agent to become available was 18F-DCFPyL (piflufolastat F 18), a radiofluorinated small molecule with high-affinity for PSMA. The regulatory approval of 18F-DCFPyL hinged upon two key, multi-center, registration trials, OSPREY (patient population: highrisk primary staging) and CONDOR (patient population: biochemical recurrence). In this manuscript, we will (1) review key findings from the OSPREY and CONDOR trials, (2) discuss the clinical acquisition protocol we use for 18F-DCFPyL PET scanning, (3) present information on important pearls and pitfalls, (4) provide an overview of the PSMA reporting and data system (PSMA-RADS) interpretive framework, and (5) posit important future directions for research in PSMA PET. Our overall goal is to provide a brief introduction for practices and academic groups that are adopting 18F-DCFPyL PET scans for use in their patients with prostate cancer.
EMI issues in switching power converters (2002)

A switching power converter has prominent features of small size, light weight, and high efficiency. On the other hand, it has inherently a defect of surge generation due to switching process, and especially, the common-mode noise related to the ground plane is difficult to suppress. Concerning this electromagnetic interference (EMI), a lot of discussions have been recently reported. This paper presents a measurement system, propagation mechanism, and suppression techniques of the common-mode noise in the high-frequency switching power converters.
Application of Pseudomurein Endoisopeptidase to Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization of Methanogens within the Family Methanobacteriaceae (2006)

In situ detection of methanogens within the family Methanobacteriaceae is sometimes known to be unsuccessful due to the difficulty in permeability of oligonucleotide probes. Pseudomurein endoisopeptidase (Pei), a lytic enzyme that specifically acts on their cell walls, was applied prior to 16S rRNA-targeting fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). For this purpose, pure cultured methanogens within this family, Methanobacterium bryantii, Methanobrevibacter ruminantium, Methanosphaera stadtmanae, and Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus together with a Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus-containing syntrophic acetate-oxidizing coculture, endosymbiotic Methanobrevibacter methanogens within an anaerobic ciliate, and an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) granule were examined. Even without the Pei treatment, Methanobacterium bryantii and Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus cells are relatively well hybridized with oligonucleotide probes. However, almost none of the cells of Methanobrevibacter ruminantium, Methanosphaera stadtmanae, cocultured Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus, and the endosymbiotic methanogens and the cells within UASB granule were hybridized. Pei treatment was able to increase the probe hybridization ratio in every specimen, particularly in the specimen that had shown little hybridization. Interestingly, the hybridizing signal intensity of Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus cells in coculture with an acetate-oxidizing H(2)-producing syntroph was significantly improved by Pei pretreatment, whereas the probe was well hybridized with the cells of pure culture of the same strain. We found that the difference is attributed to the differences in cell wall thicknesses between the two culture conditions. These results indicate that Pei treatment is effective for FISH analysis of methanogens that show impermeability to the probe.
Synthesis and Analysis of Quality Control Methods for Intelligent Processing of Polymeric Materials (1997)

Abstract Global manufacturers of thermoplastic molded parts increasingly require 100% quality inspection levels that are difficult to achieve. While process complexity makes it difficult to attain the desired part properties during start-up. the stochastic nature of the process causes difficulty in maintaining part quality during production. This paper formally compares several alternative quality control methods that are currently utilized for processing of polymeric materials. To identify the technical issues associated with this goal, the injection molding process is described utilizing a control systems approach. Afterwards, four different methods of quality regulation are synthesized for injection molding: open loop quality control, statistical process control, trained parameter control, and on-line quality regression. For each strategy, the level of quality observability and controllability are determined against the dynamics of the manufacturing system. The results indicate that none of the quality regulation strategies have the underlying design architecture to deliver 100% quality assurance across a diverse set of application characteristics (quality requirements, material properties, mold geometries, and machine dynamics). As such, subsequent discussion focuses on defining the system requirements for achieving ‘intelligent’ processing of polymeric materials that are needed by industry.
XPS raw data from Silver–palladium catalysts for the direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide (2017)

This contains the raw data for the XPS figures
Increased Enantioselectivity and Remarkable Acceleration of Lipase‐Catalyzed Transesterification by Using an Imidazolium PEG—Alkyl Sulfate Ionic Liquid. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Enhanced blocking temperature in (Pt/Co)3/IrMn/Co and (Pd/Co)3/IrMn/Co trilayers with ultrathin IrMn layer (2013)

International audience