gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A DC-coupled negative inductance circuit with integrated bias (2013)

Negative inductance circuits offer the potential for increased bandwidth in a variety of applications such as artificial magnetic conductors and metamaterials with negative permeability. To address such applications, a CMOS dc-coupled negative inductance circuit with integrated presented. The dc-coupled input is tailored voltages and accommodate applications having an inductive load in series with a low resistance. An integrated bias circuit is used to allow operation with a single power supply and to eliminate the need for a separate input bias. In addition, the parasitic capacitance of the CMOS transistors in the basic negative impedance inverter is used to set the negative inductance of the overall circuit. Results are presented that show a negative inductance of -11 0 nH in a 0.5 micron CMOS process.
Use-Wear Analysis of Flaked Stone Tools. (1986)

This important new methodologically-oriented work represents a major step forward in the expanding field of traceological studies...The text is exceptionally well written and documented. Schematic artifacts line drawings ...clearly indicate different use zones on edges and are preceded by a coded use-type key. The 280 x photomicrographs in section III are exceptional as is also the presentation of qualitative and quantitative data. American Antiquity Vaughan's monograph provides a thorough treatment of the high-power microscopic approach to lithic use-wear analysis and will contribute to the resolution of this issue...An excellent introduction to the subject. North American Arcaeologist
PARIS Interferometric Technique proof of concept: Sea surface altimetry measurements (2012)

We report preliminary results of an aircraft experiment aimed to proof the PARIS Interferometric Technique. The experiment was performed in the Gulf of Finland during a two hours flight. We installed a PARIS Interferometric Receiver together with a GOLD-RTR instrument to collect reflected C/A, P(Y) and M-code GPS signals. The collected data has been analyzed to produce altimetric observables with both techniques.
Weighted Fairness in Resilient Packet Rings (2007)

The IEEE 802.17 is a standardized ring topology network architecture, called the resilient packet ring (RPR), to be used mainly in metropolitan and wide area networks. This paper presents an overview, and focuses on the weighted fairness aspects of IEEE 802.17 RPR (in the aggressive mode of operation) by showing performance evaluation results and suggesting improvements. These aspects have not been well studied until now, and can be used to alleviate some of the issues observed in the fairness algorithm under some scenarios.
Use of Multicolor Spectral Karyotyping in Genetic Analysis of Pleuropulmonary Blastoma (2000)

Pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) is a rare, malignant intrathoracic pediatric tumor. It arises from the lung, pleura, or mediastinum and its pathogenesis and relationship to other pediatric solid tumors is not well understood. In this study, a case of PPB in a 3-year-old girl was studied using a combination of molecular genetic methods and cytogenetics. Molecular analysis of the commonly encountered fusion translocation gene products of pediatric solid tumors failed to detect a rearrangement. Cytogenetic analysis, supplemented by multicolor spectral karyotyping (SKY), identified an unbalanced translocation between chromosomes 1 and X, resulting in additional copies of 1q, an extra copy of Xq, and loss of part of Xp. In addition, trisomy 8 was detected. The identification of new chromosomal alterations and confirmation of previously reported ones in this rare neoplasm helps to improve our understanding of its pathogenesis and association with other pediatric tumors.
Molecular Imaging in Oncology (2008)

ED-05 Although most clinical diagnostic imaging studies employ anatomic techniques such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, much of radiology research currently focuses on adapting these conventional methods to physiologic imaging as well as on introducing new techniques and probes for studying processes at the cellular and molecular levels in vivo , i.e. molecular imaging. Molecular imaging promises to provide new methods for the early detection of disease and support for personalized therapy. Although molecular imaging has been practiced in various incarnations for over 20 years in the context of nuclear medicine, other imaging modalities have only recently been applied to the noninvasive assessment of physiology and molecular events. Nevertheless, there has been sufficient experience with specifically targeted contrast agents and high-resolution techniques for MR imaging and other modalities that we must begin moving these new technologies from the laboratory to the clinic. This brief overview will outline molecular imaging from probe development to clinical translation, with a focus on translational (small animal) and early clinical imaging of cancer. We will discuss the ability for molecular imaging to assess specific signal transduction cascades, which are increasingly the targets of newer, cytostatic therapeutic agents, and provide examples of how existing or readily accessible molecular tracers and techniques can provide insight into rather complex biological phenomena in vivo .
Epidermal growth factor receptor regulation in rat kidney: two models of renal growth (1989)

The binding of 125I-labeled epidermal growth factor (EGF) to plasma membranes prepared from rat kidney cortex was studied following unilateral nephrectomy, a model of proximal tubule cell hypertrophy, and following the administration of folic acid, a model of proximal tubule cell hyperplasia. Binding of 125I-EGF was a linear function of basolateral membrane protein content and time of incubation. Specific binding to luminal brush-border membranes was not evident in these studies. Neither insulin nor insulin-like growth factor I could displace EGF binding, indicating that binding was specific. Scatchard analysis revealed a single binding site. The KD in sham-operated animals 48 h after surgery was 11.2 +/- 1.4 nM, whereas Bmax averaged 95.2 +/- 4.1 fmol/mg protein (n = 3). Similar values were obtained in nephrectomized animals. The Bmax of folic acid-untreated animals averaged 212.5 +/- 6.9 fmol/mg 48 h after administration, whereas that of vehicle-injected controls averaged 85.4 +/- 9.2 (n = 3, P less than 0.001). Differences in binding were not related to changes in affinity, ligand degradation by the preparations, or receptor binding of endogenous EGF. These data indicate that regeneration following folic acid administration is associated with an upregulation of proximal nephron EGF receptors that may play an important role in the mitogenic response.
Neutron diffraction measurements and first-principles study of thermal motion of atoms in selectMn+1AXnand binaryMXtransition-metal carbide phases (2012)

Herein, we compare the thermal vibrations of atoms in select ternary carbides with the formula ${M}_{n+1}A{X}_{n}$ (``MAX phases,'' $M$ $=$ Ti, Cr; $A$ $=$ Al, Si, Ge; $X$ $=$ C, N) as determined from first-principles phonon calculations to those obtained from high-temperature neutron powder diffraction studies. The transition metal carbides TiC, TaC, and WC are also studied to test our methodology on simpler carbides. Good qualitative and quantitative agreement is found between predicted and experimental values for the binary carbides. For all the MAX phases studied---Ti${}_{3}$SiC${}_{2,}$ Ti${}_{3}$GeC${}_{2}$, Ti${}_{2}$AlN, Cr${}_{2}$GeC and Ti${}_{4}$AlN${}_{3}$---density functional theory calculations predict that the $A$ element vibrates with the highest amplitude and does so anisotropically with a higher amplitude within the basal plane, which is in line with earlier results from high-temperature neutron diffraction studies. In some cases, there are quantitative differences in the absolute values between the theoretical and experimental atomic displacement parameters (ADPs), such as reversal of anisotropy or a systematic offset of temperature-dependent ADPs. The mode-dependent Gr\"uneisen parameters are also computed to explore the anharmonicity in the system.
Context-coherent scenes of objects for camera pose estimation (2017)

We propose an approach to vision-based pose estimation using object recognition and identity. Whereas feature based scene recognition and pose estimation methods are well established as effective means for estimating motion and recognizing locations, feature-based methods depend critically on the detection of common local features from one view of a scene to another. We focus on place recognition and pose change estimation in the context of large changes in viewing position, even to the extent that no common surfaces are seen between the two views. Our approach is based on using object identities and their inter-relationship to compute pose change. An important secondary outcome of our method is that it simultaneously infers the 3D poses of objects in the scene that are used as features. Such an object-based approach is inspired by a vast literature on human perception and has the potential for great robustness, albeit at the expense of accuracy. We propose a formulation of the problem using pairwise contextual constraints and develop an efficient algorithmic solution. We validate the approach and quantify its performance using the publicly available TUM SLAM dataset [1].
Design of wireless sensor network based structural health monitoring systems (2006)

Structural health monitoring (SHM) is the science of assessing the integrity of structures such as buildings, bridges and aerospace structures. More specifically, SHM systems strive to detect and locate damage in structures as early as possible. While SHM is a mature area of research and spans several decades and an immense volume of literature, even today, it continues to be an active area of research. The compelling vision of SHM is automatic monitoring systems that continually monitor structures for several years without any human intervention. 
Most automated SHM systems today, are essentially data acquisition systems that incur high installation, maintenance and cabling cost. It has been suggested that wireless sensing can potentially bring about a dramatic reduction in cost by doing away with the cabling cost and bringing a significant reduction in installation and maintenance efforts. Self-organizing dense wireless sensor networks that are cheap and easy to install can potentially bring significant benefits to SHM systems. 
This thesis examines the various issues involved in crafting a wireless sensor network based system for structural health monitoring. It starts by examining the requirements and constraints imposed by SHM applications, and analyzing how they might influence the design of a sensor network based system. The thesis provides an overview of the existing wireless sensor network based systems and suggests methods of improving these systems. It then describes the design, implementation and deployment of NETSHM, a wireless sensor network based SHM system that can be programmed by SHM engineers without having to delve into the intricacies of the underlying sensor network. Wireless communication in energy constrained sensor network platforms is an expensive commodity and can significantly effect the longevity of the network. The thesis finally proposes novel damage detection and localization methods that are specifically designed to minimize the communication overhead by leveraging local computation at the sensor nodes.
Brief Announcement: Hazard Pointer Protection of Structures with Immutable Links (2020)

The hazard pointer method [4] for safe reclamation is capable of protecting individual dynamic objects, including individual nodes of linked structures. However, on its own, it does not protect the descendants of protected nodes for unconditional traversal.
Biochemical characterization of the bile acid synthetic enzyme 3β‐hydroxy‐Δ 5 ‐C 27 steroid dehydrogenase/isomerase type VII (2022)

Cholesterol is a key biological molecule that is a vital precursor of steroid molecule biosynthesis, including steroid hormones, bile acids and vitamin D 3. These processes require 3β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β‐HSD) enzymes, which catalyze dehydrogenation of hydroxysteroids. This family of enzymes catalyzes a wide variety of reaction mechanisms, carrying out a combination of oxidation, isomerization and decarboxylase reactions that result in the formation of cholesterol, steroid hormones and bile acids. 3β‐hydroxy‐Δ 5 ‐C 27 steroid dehydrogenase/isomerase type VII (HSD3B7) is responsible for the NAD+ dependent conversion of 7α‐hydroxycholesterol (7‐OHC) to 7α‐hydroxy‐3‐oxo‐4‐cholestenoate (7‐HOC), the second step of the bile acid synthesis pathway, which is vital for nutrient absorption and excretion of excess lipids. This oxidation reaction is one of many steps that increases the solubility of cholesterol for either storage or secretion. HSD3B7 shows substantial functional differences from other family members leaving significant gaps in our understanding of its mode of catalysis and substrate specificity. To this end, I have characterized HSD3B7 using Michaelis‐Menten kinetics, thermal shift assays, and begun x‐ray crystallographic studies. These studies reveal that HSD3B7 displays activity towards multiple bile acid precursors with differing hydrocarbon tail oxidation, with K m values in the low micromolar range. HSD3B7 retains its catalytic efficiency towards these substrates, suggesting that its substrate binding pocket can withstand changes in polarity upon alterations to this hydrocarbon tail. Lastly, HSD3B7 can be crystallized after modification to its membrane associated region, which will result in one of the first structures of a 3β‐HSD enzyme. Together these studies provide key insight into the mechanism of substrate specificity of HSD3B7 and appears amenable for X‐ray crystal structure determination.
Image analysis for a microfluidic paper-based analytical device using the CIE L*a*b* color system (2016)

The combination of a microfluidic paper-based analytical device (μPAD) and digital image analysis is widely used for quantitative analysis with μPADs because of its easy and simple operation. Herein, we have demonstrated a quantitative analysis based on multiple color changes on a μPAD. The CIE L*a*b* color system was employed to analyse the digital images obtained with the μPAD. We made pH measurements using a universal pH-indicator showing multiple color changes for various pH values of aqueous test solutions. The detectable pH range of this method was wider than the typical grayscale-based image analysis, and we succeeded in the measurements for a wide pH range of 2-9.
Prompt selection with reinforcement learning in an AT&t call routing application (2006)

Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms provide a type of unsupervised learning that is especially well suited for the challenges of spoken dialogue systems (SDS) design. SDS are constantly subjected to new environments in the form of new groups of users, and RL provides an approach for automated learning that can adapt to new environments without costly supervision. In this paper, we describe some results from experiments with RL to select prompts for a call routing application. A simulation of the dialogue outcomes were used to experiment with different scenarios and demonstrate how RL can make a system more robust without supervision or developer intervention. Index Terms: spoken dialogue systems, reinforcement learning, call routing
Mullite Phase Separation in Nanocomposite Powders (1996)

Mullite/alumina composite materials are of considerable interest in many applications because of their high-temperature properties, such as creep resistance, and thermal shock resistance. Although mullite has relatively low fracture toughness and strength at low temperature (2.2 MPa.m 1/2 and 200-500 MPa, respectively), it retains the greater part of its physical strength up to 1500°C. We seek to improve the mechanical properties of mullite monoliths by using nanosized (&lt;100nm diameter) inclusions in the matrix, where the nanosized inclusions would act to strengthen the matrix in a manner akin to precipitation hardening in metals. Our approach is to make nanocomposite powders and monoliths with controlled chemical composition and phase distribution on the nanometer length scale (1-10 nm). We have recently formed nanocomposite powder using spray pyrolyzed precursors. The precursor was formed from a solution of TEOS and aluminum nitrate nonahydrate in ethanol, mixed in proportions equivalent to the stoichiometry of a mullite/alumina composite composed of 20 wt% alumina in a mullite matrix.
Effects of Choline and Quiescence on Drosophila Choline Acetyltransferase Expression and Acetylcholine Production by Transduced Rat Fibroblasts (1992)

Rat-1 fibroblasts were transduced to express Drosophila choline acetyltransferase. The presence of an active enzyme in these cells (Rat-1/dChAT) was confirmed using various methods. Rat-1/dChAT fibroblasts released acetylcholine (ACh) into the culture medium. Moreover, intra- and extracellular levels of ACh could be increased by adding exogenous choline chloride. In addition, serum starvation or confluence-induced quiescence caused an 80% decrease in recombinant choline acetyltransferase activity (compared with actively growing cells). ACh release was also repressed in quiescent fibroblast cultures. Exogenous choline could mitigate the decrease in ACh release. These results indicate that Rat-1 fibroblasts can be genetically modified to produce ACh and that ACh release can be controlled by introducing choline into the culture medium. Furthermore, these data demonstrate that the expression of the retroviral promoter used in this study decreases with the onset of quiescence; however, exogenous choline can increase the amount of ACh released by quiescent fibroblasts.
Effect of growth interruption in 1.55 μm InAs/InAlGaAs quantum dots on InP grown by molecular beam epitaxy (2018)

We report the effect of growth interruptions on the structural and optical properties of InAs/InAlGaAs/InP quantum dots using molecular beam epitaxy. We find that the surface quantum dots experience an unintended ripening process during the sample cooling stage, which reshapes the uncapped InAs nanostructures. To prevent this, we performed a partial capping experiment to effectively inhibit structural reconfiguration of surface InAs nanostructures during the cooling stage, revealing that InAs nanostructures first form quantum dashes and then transform into quantum dots via a ripening process. Our result suggests that the appearance of buried InAs/InAlGaAs nanostructures can be easily misunderstood by surface analysis.
Purification, Characterization, and Synthesis of Three Novel Toxins from the Chinese ScorpionButhus martensi, Which Act on K+Channels (1997)

Three novel toxins belonging to the scorpion K+ channel-inhibitor family were purified to homogeneity from the venom of the Chinese scorpion Buthus martensi. They have been identified according to their molecular mass (3800-4300 Da) and their neurotoxicity in mice and characterized as 37-amino acid peptides. One of them shows 81-87% sequence identity with members of the kaliotoxin group (named BmKTX), whereas the other two, named BmTX1 and BmTX2, show 65-70% identity with toxins of the charybdotoxin group. Their chemical synthesis by the Fmoc methodology allowed us to show that BmKTX, unlike BmTX1 and BmTX2, possesses an amidated C-terminal extremity. Toxicity assays in vivo established that they are lethal neurotoxic agents in mice (LD50s of 40-95 ng per mouse). Those toxins proved to be potent inhibitors of the voltage-gated K+ channels, as they were able to compete with [125I]kaliotoxin for its binding to rat brain synaptosomes (IC50s of 0.05-1 nM) and to block the cloned voltage-gated K+ channel Kv1.3 from rat brain, expressed in Xenopus oocytes (IC50s of 0.6-1.6 nM). BmTX1 and BmTX2 were also shown to compete with [125I]charybdotoxin for its binding to the high-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels present on bovine aorta sarcolemmal membranes (IC50s of 0.3-0.6 nM). These new sequences show multipoint mutations when compared to the other related scorpion K+ channel toxins and should prove to be useful probes for studying the diverse family of K+ channels.
Analytical modeling of ASTM lap shear adhesive specimens. FInal report (2003)

This document is available to the U.S. public through the National Technical Information Service (NTIS), Springfield, Virginia 22161.
Molybdenum blue nano-rings: an effective catalyst for the partial oxidation of cyclohexane (2014)

Molybdenum blue (MB), a multivalent molybdenum oxide with a nano-ring morphology is well-known in analytical chemistry but, to date it has been largely ignored in other applications.
Unsaturated and saturated saliency trends in fractional-slot concentrated-winding interior permanent magnet machines (2010)

This paper presents an investigation of trends in the unsaturated and saturated magnetic saliency values of interior permanent magnet (IPM) synchronous machines with fractional-slot concentrated windings (FSCW). This paper investigates alternative slot-pole combinations for FSCW-IPM machines, highlighting the key observation that the saliency of these machines is generally lower than their counterpart IPM machines with conventional distributed windings. The relative merits and challenges of FSCW-IPM machines are examined, with a focus on the contribution of reluctance torque to the total machine torque. A key design metric that proves useful in this discussion is “unsaturated saliency ratio”, defined as the ratio L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">q</sub> /L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</sub> in the limiting case of near zero stator current and “saturated saliency ratio”, defined as the ratio L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">q</sub> /L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</sub> at high stator current. An important objective is to use this parameter to help machine designers choose the most appropriate slot-pole configuration for an FSCW-IPM machine in order to achieve the desired performance requirements.
Laminar Head-On Flame Quenching-A Theoretical Study (1978)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Results from a numerical investigation of one-dimensional, laminar flame quenching with constant and time-dependent pressure variations are reported herein. A description of flame quenching and post-flame oxidation processes for the global reaction A + B → C is obtained from a solution of a simplified form of the non-linear conservation of mass, momentum and energy equations in a planar flow field. These equations were reduced to finite difference form and the time-dependent pressure was input via either an integrated form of the energy equation or a third-order polynomial law. Numerical calculations were performed at constant pressure, combustion bombtype conditions and under rapid decompression during quenching. One-dimensional head-on quenching distances, hydrocarbon concentration levels and gas properties were obtained for a variety of stoichiometric values in a propane/airtype mixture. Results presented indicate that the quenching distance is primarily controlled by the thermal conduction process; however, residual hydrocarbon levels are intimately related to post-quenching diffusion, oxidation kinetics and the during which they occur.&lt;/div&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: A Multiligand Based Pd Catalyst for C—N Cross‐Coupling Reactions. (2011)

Abstract A palladium catalyst based on two different biarylphosphine ligands (BrettPhos and RuPhos) is shown to not only encompass the substrate scope and activity of each ligand alone but also manifests its own reactivity.