gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhanced nonlinearities in transparent conducting oxides for ultrafast photonics (Conference Presentation) (2017)

Coherent control of nonlinear and ultrafast plasmon-polariton mediated interactions has attracted wide attention for its potential for enhancing functionality in nano-scale photonic devices and applications. Contemporary research in ultrafast and nonlinear plasmonics primarily utilizes noble metals, such as gold and silver, as material platforms because of their high performance both in linear and nonlinear optical properties. Unfortunately, noble metals possess numerous drawbacks including low melting points, chemical instabilities, and an incompatibility with standard CMOS processing techniques, all of which hamper their incorporation into functional plasmonic devices. Here we investigate the mid-infrared ultrafast and nonlinear properties of the alternative plasmonic material, aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO). By performing time-resolved pump-probe spectroscopy, we observe an unprecedentedly large and ultrafast (sub-picosecond) response in AZO thin films for both intra- and inter-band pumping frequencies. These two nonlinearities arise from distinct electron excitation dynamics and, as such, can be controlled simultaneously and independently to provide a novel method of dynamic tunability. We demonstrate this phenomenon with two-color excitation and find our AZO films exhibit a THz modulation bandwidth. We also probed the nonlinear response of AZO films at the epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) frequency and observed a dramatic increase in the Kerr nonlinearity with an induced refractive index change on the order of unity. In summary, our ultrafast and nonlinear studies strongly support AZO as an alternative plasmonic material with qualities pertinent to the development and realization of practical plasmonic technologies.
MicroRNA 29c-3p indicates advanced liver fibrosis/cirrhosis in univentricular heart patients with and without Fontan palliation (2020)

<title>Abstract</title> <bold>Background: </bold>In patients with chronic liver disease that usually results in liver fibrosis, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to be of diagnostic and prognostic value. The present study aims to identify those miRNAs in patients with univentricular heart (UVH) disease with and without Fontan palliation that may be associated with advanced liver fibrosis/cirrhosis.<bold>Methods</bold>: A large panel of human miRNA arrays were used to determine miRNA abundance profiles in the blood of 48 UVH patients with and without Fontan palliation and 32 age and gender-matched healthy controls. The most abundantly expressed miRNAs identified by microarray analysis were correlated to prognostic scores of advanced liver fibrosis/cirrhosis and selected miRNAs validated by RT-qPCR.<bold>Results</bold>: According to microarray analysis, 50 miRNAs were found to be significantly abundant in UVH patients of which miR-29b-3p and miR-29c-3p were significantly correlated to the model of end-stage liver disease (MELD)-Albumin and albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) score. According to ROC analysis, a MELD-Albumin score ≥ 11 was best predicted by total bilirubin (AUC 0.985, <italic>P=</italic>0.005), collapsibility index (AUC 0.952, <italic>P=</italic>0.009) and miR-29c-3p (AUC 0.941, <italic>P=</italic>0.011) and the most significant predictors of an ALBI score &gt;−2.6 were collapsibility index (AUC 0.998, <italic>P</italic>&lt;0.001) and albumin (AUC 0.981, <italic>P=</italic>0.006). In the multivariate analysis, miR-29c-3p turned out to be an independent predictor of advanced liver fibrosis/cirrhosis as defined by a MELD-Albumin score ≥ 11 (<italic>P=</italic>0.004) and ALBI score &gt; −2.6 (<italic>P=</italic>0.009), respectively.<bold>Conclusion: </bold>In UVH patients with and without Fontan palliation, miR-29c-3p seems to be an independent predictor of advanced liver fibrosis/cirrhosis and thus may be used in the risk assessment of these patients.
Digital coherent transmitter using electroabsorption modulator integrated laser (2016)

We investigate the feasibility of an electroabsorption modulator integrated laser as a digital coherent transmitter. The laser and EAM sections are used as phase and amplitude modulators respectively. We discuss the challenges involved and demonstrate the combined phase and amplitude modulation on a commercial device.
Modulation of Angiotensin II–Mediated Hypertension and Cardiac Remodeling by Lectin-Like Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-1 Deletion (2008)

Angiotensin II via type 1 receptor activation upregulates the expression of lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1), and LOX-1 activation, in turn, upregulates angiotensin II type 1 receptor expression. We postulated that interruption of this positive feedback loop might attenuate the genesis of angiotensin II-induced hypertension and subsequent cardiac remodeling. To examine this postulate, LOX-1 knockout and wild-type mice were infused with angiotensin II or norepinephrine (control for angiotensin II) for 4 weeks. Angiotensin II-, but not norepinephrine-, induced hypertension was attenuated in LOX-1 knockout mice. Angiotensin II-induced cardiac remodeling was also attenuated in LOX-1 knockout mice. Importantly, angiotensin II type 1 receptor expression was reduced, and the expression and activity of endothelial NO synthase were preserved in the tissues of LOX-1 knockout mice given angiotensin II. Reactive oxygen species generation, nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase expression, and phosphorylation of p38 and p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinases were also much less pronounced in the LOX-1 knockout mice given angiotensin II. These alterations in biochemical and structural abnormalities were associated with preservation of cardiac hemodynamics in the LOX-1 knockout mice. To confirm that fibroblast function is modulated in the absence of LOX-1, cardiac fibroblasts from wild-type and LOX-1 knockout mice were treated with angiotensin II. Indeed, LOX-1 knockout mice cardiac fibroblasts revealed an attenuated profibrotic response on treatment with angiotensin II. These observations provide strong evidence that LOX-1 is a key modulator of the development of angiotensin II-induced hypertension and subsequent cardiac remodeling.
Speech modeling based on committee-based active learning (2010)

We propose a committee-based active learning method for large vocabulary continuous speech recognition. In this approach, multiple recognizers are prepared beforehand, and the recognition results obtained from them are used for selecting utterances. Here, a progressive search method is used for aligning sentences, and voting entropy is used as a measure for selecting utterances. We apply our method not only to acoustic models but also to language models and their combination. Our method was evaluated by using 190-hour speech data in the Corpus of Spontaneous Japanese. It proved to be significantly better than random selection. It only required 63 h of data to achieve a word accuracy of 74%, while standard training (i.e., random selection) required 97 h of data. The recognition accuracy of our proposed method was also better than that of the conventional uncertainty sampling method using word posterior probabilities as the confidence measure for selecting sentences.
Crystallization and phase behavior in nylon 6/aromatic polyimide triblock copolymers (1998)

Several series of new b-nylon 6-b-polyimide-b-nylon 6 triblock copolymers were synthesized via a condensation polymerization of polyimide segments and anionic polymerization of the nylon 6 components. Crystallization and phase behavior of these triblock copolymers have been studied with varying polyimide block molecular weights and copolymer compositions as well as chemical structures (and therefore, different solubility parameters) of the polyimide components. Furthermore, in-situ and solution blends have also been prepared in order to compare the phase behaviors of the triblock copolymers. Wide angle X-ray diffraction experiments indicate that in these triblock copolymers, only nylon 6 components crystallize and polyimides do not take part in the crystals. From isothermal crystallization kinetics studies carried out in differential scanning calorimetry experiments, the miscibility of the polyimide components with nylon 6 critically affects the crystallization rate of these triblock copolymers. When the polyimide composition is low and its solubility parameter is similar to that of the nylon 6 components, the polyimides mix with the amorphous part of the nylon 6 components and are located in the inter-lamellar region. This can be identified by monitoring the change of α-relaxation temperature and activation energy measured using a dynamic mechanical method and by examining the crystalline lamellar morphology under small angle X-ray scattering experiments. Microphase separation can also be recognized by transmission electron microscopy using an OsO4 vapor staining technique. As the difference of solubility parameters between these two components as well as the block molecular weight of the polyimides increase, microphase separation between the two components in the triblock copolymers can be found.
Directed Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation with Small Molecules (2010)

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are a promising cell source for regenerative medicine and transplantation therapy.ESCs are able to self-renew indefinitely in culture; however, the ability to differentiate ESCs into specific cell lineages is key to exploiting their therapeutic potential. Cell-based phenotypic and reporter-based screens have been used to identify small molecules that selectively promote ESC differentiation into a variety of cell lineages. Not only will such molecules facilitate the clinical applications of stem cells, the detailed study of their mechanism is providing new insights into the biology that regulates ESC self-renewal and differentiation. In this article we discuss key issues, challenges and opportunities in the application of this chemical approach to stem cell biology.
Zebrafish Heart Failure Models for the Evaluation of Chemical Probes and Drugs (2013)

Heart failure is a complex disease that involves genetic, environmental, and physiological factors. As a result, current medication and treatment for heart failure produces limited efficacy, and better medication is in demand. Although mammalian models exist, simple and low-cost models will be more beneficial for drug discovery and mechanistic studies of heart failure. We previously reported that aristolochic acid (AA) caused cardiac defects in zebrafish embryos that resemble heart failure. Here, we showed that cardiac troponin T and atrial natriuretic peptide were expressed at significantly higher levels in AA-treated embryos, presumably due to cardiac hypertrophy. In addition, several human heart failure drugs could moderately attenuate the AA-induced heart failure by 10%-40%, further verifying the model for drug discovery. We then developed a drug screening assay using the AA-treated zebrafish embryos and identified three compounds. Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibitor (MEK-I), an inhibitor for the MEK-1/2 known to be involved in cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure, showed nearly 60% heart failure attenuation. C25, a chalcone derivative, and A11, a phenolic compound, showed around 80% and 90% attenuation, respectively. Time course experiments revealed that, to obtain 50% efficacy, these compounds were required within different hours of AA treatment. Furthermore, quantitative polymerase chain reaction showed that C25, not MEK-I or A11, strongly suppressed inflammation. Finally, C25 and MEK-I, but not A11, could also rescue the doxorubicin-induced heart failure in zebrafish embryos. In summary, we have established two tractable heart failure models for drug discovery and three potential drugs have been identified that seem to attenuate heart failure by different mechanisms.
Effect of Growth Condition on Well-Arranged InGaN/GaN Nanocolumns Grown by Selective Area Growth (SAG) of rf-Plasma-Assisted Molecular-Beam Epitaxy (2008)

2008 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials,Effect of Growth Condition on Well-Arranged InGaN/GaN Nanocolumns Grown by Selective Area Growth (SAG) of rf-Plasma-Assisted Molecular-Beam Epitaxy
Development of a Monoclonal Antibody-Based Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay To Quantify Soluble β-Glucans in Oats and Barley (2003)

A set of 31 murine monoclonal antibodies was produced against (1-->3,1-->4)beta-d-glucan from oats (Avena sativa L.) chemically cross-linked to keyhole limpet hemocyanin. Monoclonal antibodies were tested for their cross-reactivity to related and unrelated polysaccharides. The antibodies reacted strongly to unmodified beta-glucan from oats and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and to lichenan from Icelandic moss, a polysaccharide with a structure similar to that of beta-glucan but which is not encountered in cereals. Cross-reaction to other polysaccharides tested was minimal at physiological levels. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that could routinely detect and quantify nanogram levels of soluble beta-glucan extracted from the flour of oats or barley was designed with one of these monoclonal antibodies. The beta-glucan extraction procedure from ground oat and barley samples and the ELISA were both optimized for reproducibility, accuracy, and throughput, and results were compared to values obtained from an established, commercially available enzyme-based assay. Correlations between the two assays were consistently high (r (2) > 0.9), indicating that the ELISA presented in this paper is a valuable alternative for assaying beta-glucan levels in cereals and cereal products, both routinely and in preparations in which beta-glucans are present in nanogram amounts. Development of the extraction procedure for ELISA is discussed.
Interaction of calmodulin with the phosphofructokinase target sequence (2004)

Ca4.calmodulin (Ca4.CaM) inhibits the glycolytic enzyme phosphofructokinase, by preventing formation of its active tetramer. Fluorescence titrations show that the affinity of complex formation of Ca4.CaM with the key 21-residue target peptide increases 1000-fold from pH 9.0 to 4.8, suggesting the involvement of histidine and carboxylic acid residues. 1H NMR pH titration indicates a marked increase in pKa of the peptide histidine on complex formation and HSQC spectra show related pH-dependent changes in the conformation of the complex. This unusually strong sensitivity of a CaM-target complex to pH suggests a potential functional role for Ca4.CaM in regulation of the glycolytic pathway.
Gradient steepness metrics using extended Baum-Welch transformations for universal pattern recognition tasks (2008)

In many pattern recognition tasks, given some input data and a family of models, the "best" model is defined as the one which maximizes the likelihood of the data given the model. Extended Baum- Welch (EBW) transformations are most commonly used as a discriminative technique for estimating parameters of Gaussian mixtures. In this paper, we use the EBW transformations to derive a novel gradient steepness measurement to find which model best explains the data. We use this gradient measurement to derive a variety of EBW metrics to explain model fit to the data. We apply these EBW metrics to audio segmentation via Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) and show that our gradient steepness measurement is robust across different EBW metrics and model complexities.
Modeling mutually coupled non-identical semiconductor lasers on photonic integrated circuits (2017)

We model the situation of two lasers in a face to face arrangement, passing through an attenuating element, where the time of flight between the lasers is on the scale typical in photonic integration (100's of μm to mm's). A modified version of the Lang-Kobayashi equations was employed to describe the interaction. By solving this delay differential equation (DDE) system we characterised different dynamical regimes including, one/two colour states, and self pulsations.
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate induce a distinct, restricted subset of primary-response TIS genes in both proliferating and terminally differentiated myeloid cells. (1989)

Induction of early-response genes (tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate [TPA]-induced sequences, or TIS genes; R.W. Lim, B.C. Varnum, and H.R. Herschman, Oncogene 1:263-270, 1987) by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and TPA was examined both in a factor-dependent murine cell line, 32D clone 3, and in mature human neutrophils. When GM-CSF-deprived 32D clone 3 cells were exposed to GM-CSF or to TPA, four TIS mRNAs (TIS7, TIS8, TIS10, and TIS11) were rapidly and transiently induced. However, neither GM-CSF nor TPA could induce accumulation of TIS1 mRNA in 32D clone 3 cells, even under superinducing conditions. Both GM-CSF and TPA also elicited rapid, transient expression of TIS8 and TIS11 mRNA in postmitotic human neutrophils. However, neither agent could induce accumulation of TIS1 mRNA in human neutrophils. TIS1 is a member of the nuclear receptor supergene family that codes for ligand-dependent transcription factors. Cell-type restriction of inducible transcription factors may contribute to developmental specification.
Exposure to p,p′-DDE Alters Macrophage Reactivity and Increases Macrophage Numbers in Adipose Stromal Vascular Fraction (2016)

Exposure to p,p'-DDE (DDE), the main bioaccumulative metabolite of the organochlorine insecticide p,p'-DDT, is associated with a higher prevalence of obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and immunomodulation. The present study was carried out to determine whether DDE perturbs adipose tissue homeostasis through modulation of macrophage function. Treatment with DDE or a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor prior to lipopolysaccharide exposure significantly decreased production of prostaglandins (PG) from J774a.1 macrophages in vitro. Similarly, J774A.1 cell lysates incubated with DDE or a specific cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor (NS-398) produced significantly less PGE2 and PGF2α. Macrophage polarization studies revealed a pattern of DDE effects that were not fully consistent with a purely pro- or purely anti- M1 or M2 effect. However, DDE suppressed expression of two M1 markers (induced by an M1 stimulus) and enhanced expression of an M2 marker (induced by an M2 stimulus). Further studies including assessment of macrophage function are needed to fully characterize the effects of DDE on macrophage polarization. Obesity is characterized by an increase in the number of resident adipose tissue macrophages. To assess monocyte/macrophage recruitment to the adipose tissue in vivo, male C57Bl/6H mice were treated with 2 mg/kg DDE or corn oil vehicle for 5 days by gavage. Epididymal fat pads were digested and macrophage populations were analyzed by flow cytometry. In DDE-treated animals, there was a significant increase (37%) in F4/80(+)CD11b(+) macrophages/g of epididymal adipose over vehicle (P < .05). Together, these results suggest a role for DDE in the enhancement of adipose tissue macrophage recruitment and/or proliferation, as well as modulation of immune cell function that may contribute to the etiology of metabolic diseases associated with organochlorine exposure.
CTR plasma engineering studies (1989)

This report discusses the following topics: ash control in tokamak plasma using induced fishbones; application of controlled sawtooth operation to ash control; and high energy ion transport.
Rehabilitation Programs for the PCL-Injured and Reconstructed Knee (1999)

Treatment of posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injuries has changed considerably in recent years. This article discusses current rehabilitation for PCL disruptions in athletes. The treatment of PCL injuries varies somewhat based on the chronicity (acute vs. chronic) of injury and associated pathologies. The authors provide their treatment algorithm for the acute and chronic PCL-injured-knee patient. Nonoperative rehabilitation is discussed with a focus on immediate motion, quadriceps muscle strengthening, and functional rehabilitation. A discussion of the biomechanics of exercise is provided, with a focus on tibiofemoral shear forces and PCL strains. Surgical treatment is also discussed, with the current surgical approach being either the two-tunnel or the one-tunnel patellar tendon autograft procedure. The rehabilitation program after surgery is based on the healing constraints, surgical technique, biomechanics of the PCL during functional activities, and exercise. With the new changes in surgical technique and in the rehabilitation process, the authors believe that the outcome after PCL reconstruction will be enhanced.
On a dual-gain approach to noise reduction in the STFT domain (2013)

Noise reduction is typically achieved by applying a gain filter to the complex spectrum of the noisy speech signal in the short-time Fourier transform (STFT) domain. However, such an approach does not take into account the noncircularity property of the complex speech spectrum. Recently, a widely linear (WL) filtering framework was developed, which can fully take advantage of the second-order statistics of the noncircular speech spectrum for noise reduction. But the optimal WL filters are more complicated to estimate as the estimation involves the use of interframe information. In this paper, we investigate a dual-gain approach, which achieves noise reduction by applying one gain to filter the real part and another gain to filter the imaginary part of the complex noisy spectrum. We show that this approach can be viewed as a particular case of the WL framework. Compared to the classical method with a single gain, this new approach is shown to be able to achieve better noise reduction performance. Another advantage is that the optimal filters with this approach can be implemented using only the current frame of spectra without the need of the interframe information.
Photochemical surface modification of polyurethane films with biomaterial by excimer laser processing (1998)

The surface chemical modification of polyurethane (PU) films was performed by a UV laser-induced chemical reaction in a polysaccharide solution. This was undertaken with the possible application of hydrophilic packaging of implantable medical devices and in-vivo sensors. When a PU film in an aqueous alginic acid (AAC) solution was irradiated with the XeCl laser, it turned hydrophilic. Contact angles of water on the film were changed from 110 degree(s) to 60 degree(s). Since the absorption of AAC solution at 308 nm was negligibly small, the laser irradiation produced reactive sites solely on the PU surface, where AAC could be immobilized by chemical bonds. The mechanism for the modification was investigated by surface analyses with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and a photometric dye staining technique. This hydrophilic modification was interpreted as nanometer-scaled grafting of AAC induced by one-photon photochemical processes.
Mode-locked GaAs vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (1992)

The first mode-locked GaAs vertical cavity surface emitting laser is reported. Pulses of 324 fs pulsewidth with 64 W peak power were generated by compressing the output from the mode-locked laser.