gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Single-Cell Point Constrictions for Reagent-Free High-Throughput Mechanical Lysis and Intact Nuclei Isolation (2019)

Highly localized (point) constrictions featuring a round geometry with ultra-sharp edges in silicon have been demonstrated for the reagent-free continuous-flow rapid mechanical lysis of mammalian cells on a single-cell basis. Silicon point constrictions, robust structures formed by a single-step dry etching process, are arranged in a cascade along microfluidic channels and can effectively rupture cells delivered in a pressure-driven flow. The influence of the constriction size and count on the lysis performance is presented for fibroblasts in reference to total protein, DNA, and intact nuclei levels in the lysates evaluated by biochemical and fluoremetric assays and flow-cytometric analyses. Protein and DNA levels obtained from an eight-constriction treatment match or surpass those from a chemical method. More importantly, many intact nuclei are found in the lysates with a relatively high nuclei-isolation efficiency from a four-constriction treatment. Point constrictions and their role in rapid reagent-free disruption of the plasma membrane could have implications for integrated sample preparation in future lab-on-a-chip systems.
Miniaturized low profile antenna enabled by a complementary SRR loaded metasurface (2015)

In this paper a newly designed metasurface (MS) loaded miniaturized antenna is proposed and simulated. The double layered MS loaded with complementary split ring resonators (CSRRs) acts as the ground plane for a planar feeding monopole antenna. The antenna has a compact footprint of 0.11λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and a thickness of 0.07 λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> . The simulation results show that a wide -10 dB S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sub> bandwidth of 9% is realized. In addition, a broadside radiation with a high gain and a high front-to-back ratio are achieved within the targeted frequency band.
Effect of Influent Nitrogen Speciation on Organic Nitrogen Occurrence in Activated Sludge Process Effluents (2011)

The effect of influent nitrogen composition on organic nitrogen production in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) activated sludge process was investigated. A laboratory-scale SBR was fed with three different type synthetic wastewaters with varying nitrogen compositions (phase I = nitriloacetic acid + ammonium [NH4-N], phase II = NH(4-)N, and phase III = amino acid mixture + NH(4-)N) was operated. The effluent contained approximately 1 to 2 mg N/L organic nitrogen, even though there was no organic nitrogen in influent. The effluent organic nitrogen increased to approximately 4 mg N/L when the influent composition was changed and then stabilized at <2 mg N/L. The maximum nitrifier growth rate constants (microN) were calculated as 0.91+/-0.10 to 1.14+/-0.08 day-1, 0.82 +/-0.13 day-1, and 0.89+/-0.08 day-1 at 20 degrees C for the three different influent compositions. The effluent colloidal organic nitrogen (CON) was negligible, suggesting that the effluent CON found in full-scale plants may be the result of influent-derived suspended matter.
Natural reference to objects in a visual domain (2010)

The phagocytic NADPH oxidase generates superoxide by transferring electrons from cytosolic NADPH to extracellular O2. The activity of the oxidase at the plasma membrane can be measured as electron current (I(e)), and the voltage dependence of I(e) was recently reported to exhibit a strong rectification in human eosinophils, with the currents being nearly voltage independent at negative potentials. To investigate the underlying mechanism, we performed voltage-clamp experiments on inside-out patches from human eosinophils activated with PMA. Electron current was evoked by bath application of different concentrations of NADPH, whereas slow voltage ramps (0.8 mV/ms), ranging from -120 to 200 mV, were applied to obtain 'steady-state' current-voltage relationships (I-V). The amplitude of I(e) recorded at -40 mV was minimal at 8 microM NADPH and saturated above 1 mM, with half-maximal activity (K(m)) observed at approx. 110 microM NADPH. Comparison of I-V values obtained at different NADPH concentrations revealed that the voltage-dependence of I(e) is strongly influenced by the substrate concentration. Above 0.1 mM NADPH, I(e) was markedly voltage-dependent and steeply decreased with depolarization within the physiological membrane potential range (-60 to 60 mV), the I-V curve strongly rectifying only below -100 mV. At lower NADPH concentrations the I-V curve was progressively shifted to more positive potentials and I(e) became voltage-independent also within the physiological range. Consequently, the K(m) of the oxidase decreased by approx. 40% (from 100 to 60 microM) when the membrane potential increased from -60 to 60 mV. We concluded that the oxidase activity depends on both membrane potential and [NADPH], and that the shape of the I(e)-V curve is influenced by the concentration of NADPH in the submillimolar range. The surprising voltage-independence of I(e) reported in whole-cell perforated patch recordings was most likely due to substrate limitation and is not an intrinsic property of the oxidase.
Achieving regio- and stereo-control in the fluorination of aziridines under acidic conditions (2016)

We developed an efficient fluorination protocol that converts easily accessible aziridines into β-fluoroamines, which are important motifs in biologically active molecules. In contrast with traditional fluorination approaches, DMPU-HF has shown both higher reactivity and regioselectivity and good functional group tolerance; thus, a wide scope of β-fluoroamines can now be accessed conveniently. The stereochemical behavior of the ring opening depends on the substitution pattern of the aziridine substrate.
ChemInform Abstract: Automated Genotyping Using the DNA MassArray Technology. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A PAM of the α1A-Adrenergic receptor rescues biomarker, long-term potentiation, and cognitive deficits in Alzheimer’s disease mouse models without effects on blood pressure (2023)

α<sub>1</sub>-Adrenergic Receptors (ARs) regulate the sympathetic nervous system by the binding of norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (Epi) through different subtypes (α<sub>1A</sub>, α<sub>1B</sub>, α<sub>1D</sub>). α<sub>1A</sub>-AR activation is hypothesized to be memory forming and cognitive enhancing but drug development has been stagnant due to unwanted side effects on blood pressure. We recently reported the pharmacological characterization of the first positive allosteric modulator (PAM) for the α<sub>1A</sub>-AR with predictive pro-cognitive and memory properties. In this report, we now demonstrate the <i>in vivo</i> characteristics of Compound 3 (Cmpd-3) in two genetically-different Alzheimer's Disease (AD) mouse models. Drug metabolism and pharmacokinetic studies indicate sufficient brain penetrance and rapid uptake into the brain with low to moderate clearance, and a favorable inhibition profile against the major cytochrome p450 enzymes. Oral administration of Cmpd-3 (3-9 mg/kg QD) can fully rescue long-term potentiation defects and AD biomarker profile (amyloid β-40, 42) within 3 months of dosing to levels that were non-significant from WT controls and which outperformed donepezil (1 mg/kg QD). There were also significant effects on paired pulse facilitation and cognitive behavior. Long-term and high-dose <i>in vivo</i> studies with Cmpd-3 revealed no effects on blood pressure. Our results suggest that Cmpd-3 can maintain lasting therapeutic levels and efficacy with disease modifying effects with a once per day dosing regimen in AD mouse models with no observed side effects.
All-dielectric Metasurfaces for Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy Applications (2019)

We present a nanophotonic method capable of detecting mid-infrared molecular fingerprints without the need for spectrometry, frequency scanning, or moving mechanical parts. We leverage dielectric metasurfaces featuring ultra-sharp resonances each tuned to discrete frequencies, enabling us to sample molecular absorption signatures over the mid-IR spectral range.
The Third Age of Antimicrobial Therapy (2006)

was difficult to administer, and the use of animal serum was associated with significant adverse effects, including allergic reactions and serum sickness. The active ingredient in serum therapy was specific antibody, and the use of serum therapy required a specific diagnosis. Thus, to treat pneumococcal pneumonia, a physician would both have to accurately determine that the problem was caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae and to establish the serotype. Consequently, the development of serum therapy was a major catalyst for immunological research, as investigators tried to understand the nature of effective antibodies and develop rapid diagnostic methods. By the 1930s, the art of diagnosis was so advanced that it was possible to diagnose pneumococcal pneumonia within several hours by injecting sputum into mice, recovering the organism, and typing with serological reagents. The first age of antimicrobial therapy came to a relatively abrupt end in the late 1930s with the introduction of effective chemotherapy in the form of sulfonamide.
Time dependent three-dimensional body frame quantal wave packet treatment of the H+H2 exchange reaction on the Liu–Siegbahn–Truhlar–Horowitz (LSTH) surface (1989)

Converged vibrational state-resolved reactive scattering probabilities for the three-dimensional H+H2 exchange reaction, with total angular momentum J=0 have been obtained using a rotating (body) frame, time dependent quantal wave packet approach. The results are the first obtained by a numerically exact, fully quantal 3D wave packet approach, and yield close agreement with those obtained earlier by Zhang, Kouri, Haug, Schwenke, Shima, and Truhlar.
Tools for Defined Neural Networks on Multielectrode Arrays (2016)

Frontiers Events is a rapidly growing calendar management system dedicated to the scheduling of academic events. This includes announcements and invitations, participant listings and search functionality, abstract handling and publication, related events and post-event exchanges. Whether an organizer or participant, make your event a Frontiers Event!
Bootstrapped Q-learning with Context Relevant Observation Pruning to Generalize in Text-based Games (2020)

We show that Reinforcement Learning (RL) methods for solving Text-Based Games (TBGs) often fail to generalize on unseen games, especially in small data regimes. To address this issue, we propose Context Relevant Episodic State Truncation (CREST) for irrelevant token removal in observation text for improved generalization. Our method first trains a base model using Q-learning, which typically overfits the training games. The base model's action token distribution is used to perform observation pruning that removes irrelevant tokens. A second bootstrapped model is then retrained on the pruned observation text. Our bootstrapped agent shows improved generalization in solving unseen TextWorld games, using 10x-20x fewer training games compared to previous state-of-the-art methods despite requiring less number of training episodes.
Adhesion in LEP and its Correlation to Paper Surface Chemical Makeup (2010)

In digital printing, adhesion of marking materials, such as ink, to a substrate, such as paper or plastic, is of paramount importance. In Liquid Electrophotographic Printing (LEP), the adhesion is even more critical as the typical LEP process does not involve any post-printing fixing step. In an earlier publication, we have shown that acid-base and van-der Waals interactions at the ink-paper interface determine the adhesion in LEP. In this paper, we attempt to correlate such interactions to paper surface components which contribute to both good and bad adhesional characteristics. We have selected four representative commercially available papers and isolated their coating materials. These coating materials were dissolved in non-polar and polar solvents, such as chloroform, toluene and water, and then analyzed using FTIR spectroscopic measurements, proton NMR and LCMS analyses. Our results indicate presence of styrene butadiene rubber in most coated papers with different amounts of butadiene to styrene (B toS) ratios. We found that generally 1:1 to 1:1.2 B to S ratios were better performers while B to S of 1:2 to 1:2.5 were poorer performers. We also found that papers with some amounts of poly vinyl alcohol or starch as co-binders of the media coating showed good adhesion. Uncoated papers with carboxylic acid also showed good adhesion.
A Policy-based Approach for Measuring Data Quality (2019)

With the growing importance of data in all aspects of the functioning of an enterprise, having good quality of data is crucial in support of business processes. However, there do not exist good metrics to measure the quality of data that is available within an enterprise. While there are several data quality standards, their complexity and their required customization makes them difficult to use in real-world industrial scenarios. In this paper, we discuss the challenges encountered in measuring data quality within asset management systems. We propose a policy-based approach for measuring data quality, and show how such an approach can be customized and interpreted easily by practitioners in the field.
Increased antimetabolite sensitivity with variation of carbon source during growth (1978)

In Serratia marcescens, analogs of leucine (norleucine), methionine (alpha-methylmethionine), histidine (3-amino-1,2,4-triazolealanine), tyrosine (p-aminophenylalanine), and tryptophan (7-methylindole) are conditional inhibitors of growth; inhibition occurs during the metabolism of some carbon sources but not with others. A further increase in sensitivity to growth inhibition by these analogs can be accomplished through the use of particular combinations of carbon sources present in the inoculum and in the subsequent analog-containing culture medium. Variable sensitivity to analog-mediated inhibition of growth observed during growth on glucose, glycerol, fructose, or citrate correlated inversely with the intracellular pool sizes of the amino acids cognate to the analogs used. The above-cited results, in conjunction with previous results obtained with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis, involve diverse biochemical pathways and suggest that nutritional manipulation to alter the pattern of carbon flow in microorganisms is a generally useful means to accomplish increased sensitivity to growth inhibition by metabolite analogs.
Generation of metal titanate powders by spray pyrolysis using single-source precursors (1993)

Crystalline, phase-pure, submicrometre sized PbTiO3 and BaTiO3 particles have been produced via aerosol decomposition of single-source mixed metal–organic precursors A(O2CCMe2O)2Ti(OPri)2(A = Pb or B) at 600–900 °C. The particles were hollow, ranged in size from 0.1 to 1 µm and consisted of 30–50 nm crystallites.
Optimization of Anisotropically Etched Silicon Surface-Relief Gratings for Substrate-Mode Optical Interconnects (2005)

A simulated annealing algorithm in conjunction with the rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA) is applied to determine the optimum profiles of right-angle-face anisotropically etched silicon (Si) gratings. The sensitivities of the optimized profiles are presented.
Rebar Graphene (2014)

As the cylindrical sp(2)-bonded carbon allotrope, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been widely used to reinforce bulk materials such as polymers, ceramics, and metals. However, both the concept demonstration and the fundamental understanding on how 1D CNTs reinforce atomically thin 2D layered materials, such as graphene, are still absent. Here, we demonstrate the successful synthesis of CNT-toughened graphene by simply annealing functionalized CNTs on Cu foils without needing to introduce extraneous carbon sources. The CNTs act as reinforcing bar (rebar), toughening the graphene through both π-π stacking domains and covalent bonding where the CNTs partially unzip and form a seamless 2D conjoined hybrid as revealed by aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy analysis. This is termed rebar graphene. Rebar graphene can be free-standing on water and transferred onto target substrates without needing a polymer-coating due to the rebar effects of the CNTs. The utility of rebar graphene sheets as flexible all-carbon transparent electrodes is demonstrated. The in-plane marriage of 1D nanotubes and 2D layered materials might herald an electrical and mechanical union that extends beyond carbon chemistry.
Characterization of a polymeric PLGA-injectable implant delivery system for the controlled release of proteins (2000)

Physico-chemical properties of injectable polymeric implant systems, based on the principle that a water-insoluble polymer dissolved in a biocompatible solvent will precipitate upon contact with water, were studied and utilized to predict the release of proteins from these systems. Polylactide-co-glycolide copolymer (PLGA) and glycofurol were chosen since they both have pharmaceutical precedence. Changes in polymer composition, its weight percent in solution, molecular weight, and protein loading level were assessed to provide formulations with the desired release rates and duration of release. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 50, 388–396, 2000.
ChemInform Abstract: General Methods for α‐ or β‐O‐Ser/Thr Glycosides and Glycopeptides. Solid‐Phase Synthesis of O‐Glycosyl Cyclic Enkephalin Analogues. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Chronic UVB exposure enhances in vitro percutaneous penetration of 5‐aminulevulinic acid in hairless mouse skin (2004)

The stratum corneum barrier function is less effective in chronically UVB-exposed skin than in normal non-exposed skin, but more effective than in tape stripped skin. A higher penetration rate of ALA into (pre)cancerous lesions may be (partly) responsible for the greater accumulation of PpIX in such lesions.
Pleiotropic function of FGF‐4: Its role in development and stem cells (2008)

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) were initially recognized as fibroblast-specific growth factor, and it is now apparent that these growth factors regulate multiple biological functions. The diversity of FGFs function is paralleled by the emerging diversity of interactions between FGF ligands and their receptors. FGF-4 is a member of the FGF superfamily and is a mitogen exhibiting strong action on numerous different cell types. It plays a role in various stages of development and morphogenesis, as well as in a variety of biological processes. Recent studies reveal the molecular mechanisms of FGF-4 gene regulation in mammalian cells, which is involved in the developmental process. Furthermore, FGF-4 also acts on the regulation of proliferation and differentiation in embryonic stem cells and tissue stem cells. In this review, we focus on the diverse biological functions of FGF-4 in the developmental process and also discuss its putative roles in stem cell biology.
Hemostatic and Thrombotic Issues in Cardiac Surgery (2015)

Cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass determines a serious imbalance of the hemostatic system. The clinical pattern is multifactorial, involving patient-related, drug-related, and surgery-related factors. As a result, the patient is prone to both hemorrhagic and thrombotic complications. To address the clinical management of a bleeding patient after cardiac surgery, avoiding empirical administration of drugs and blood derivates, it is mandatory to correctly identify the factor(s) responsible for bleeding. Bleeding after cardiac operations can be ascribed to seven basic mechanisms: residual heparin effect; reduced thrombin generation; fibrinogen deficiency; thrombocytopenia; platelet dysfunction; hyperfibrinolysis; and surgical sources. These factors may interact together, creating a complex coagulopathy. Point-of-care coagulation tests are useful to orienteer the clinician in this complex scenario. Viscoelastic coagulation tests find their greater usefulness in the diagnosis of the bleeding mechanism(s), whereas platelet function tests appear more useful for the preoperative assessment of patients under the effects of antiplatelet agents. Thromboembolic complications are the other side of the coin, and their prevention is still a matter of debate. Consumption of natural anticoagulants and endothelial disturbance are important mechanisms underlying this condition. Strategies to limit antithrombin (AT) consumption or to correct low postoperative levels of AT are still a matter of discussion.
Cardiac Image Segmentation for Contrast Agent Videodensitometry (2005)

Indicator dilution techniques are widely used in the intensive care unit and operating room for cardiac parameter measurements. However, the invasiveness of current techniques represents a limitation for their clinical use. The development of stable ultrasound contrast agents allows new applications of the indicator dilution method. Ultrasound contrast agent dilutions permit an echographic noninvasive measurement of cardiac output, ejection fraction, and blood volumes. The indicator dilution curves are measured by videodensitometry of specific regions of interest and processed for the cardiac parameter assessment. Therefore, the major indicator dilution imaging issue is the detection of proper contrast videodensitometry regions that maximize the signal-to-noise ratio of the measured indicator dilution curves. This paper presents an automatic contour detection algorithm for indicator dilution videodensitometry. The algorithm consists of a radial filter combined with an outlier correction. It maximizes the region of interest by excluding cardiac structures that act as interference to the videodensitometric analysis. It is fast, projection independent, and allows the simultaneous detection of multiple contours in real time. The system is compared to manual contour definition on both echographic and magnetic resonance images.