gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Making Education More Brain-Friendly through Gamified Instruction (2022)

Just because you can does not mean you should. Although gamified instruction is being widely adopted, there needs to be compelling research that supports gamification as an effective educational modality. Without this support, gamification is just a novelty. This chapter explores research that provides evidence to support the appropriacy of gamified learning as a modality that more closely adheres to how the human brain functions. It explores suggestions from Mind, Brain, and Education Sciences and NeuroELT to set a standard for what is good education. Using these suggestions as a basis to evaluate gamified instruction, it looks at recent studies to determine if gamified instruction is a brain-friendlier mode of instruction than traditional models.
How talkative is your mobile device? (2015)

The IEEE 802.11 standard defines Wi-Fi probe requests as a active mechanism with which mobile devices can request information from access points and accelerate the Wi-Fi connection process. Researchers in previous work have identified privacy hazards associated with Wi-Fi probe requests, such as leaking past access points identifiers and user mobility. Besides several efforts to develop privacy-preserving alternatives, modern mobile devices continue to use Wi-Fi probe requests. In this work, we quantify Wi-Fi probe requests' threat to privacy by conducting an experimental study of the most popular smartphones in different settings. Our objective is to identify how different factors influence the probing frequency and the average number of broadcasted probes. Our conclusions are worrisome: On average, some mobile devices send probe requests as often as 55 times per hour, thus revealing their unique MAC address at high frequency. Even if a mobile device is not charging and in sleep mode, it might broadcast about 2000 probes per hour. We also evaluate a commercially deployed MAC address randomization mechanism, and demonstrate a simple method to re-identify anonymized probes.
A Formulation for Minimax Probability Machine Regression (2002)

We formulate the regression problem as one of maximizing the mini-mum probability, symbolized by, that future predicted outputs of the regression model will be within some &amp;quot; bound of the true regression function. Our formulation is unique in that we obtain a direct estimate of this lower probability bound. The proposed framework, minimax probability machine regression (MPMR), is based on the recently de-scribed minimax probability machine classification algorithm [Lanckriet et al.] and uses Mercer Kernels to obtain nonlinear regression models. MPMR is tested on both toy and real world data, verifying the accuracy of the bound, and the efficacy of the regression models. 1
NMR solution structure of the [Ala26]parathyroid‐hormone‐related protein(1 – 34) expressed in humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (1993)

The structure of the biologically active N-terminal domain of human parathyroid-hormone-related protein (residues 1-34) containing an Ala substituted for a His in position 26 was studied by two-dimensional proton NMR spectroscopy. Unambiguous NMR assignments of all backbone and side-chain hydrogens were made with the aid of totally correlated spectroscopy experiments, which provided through-bond 1H-1H connectivities, and NOE spectroscopy, which provided through-space and sequential backbone connectivities. The NMR data were utilized in distance-geometry algorithms to generate a family of structures. The major structural features include two segments of alpha-helix extending from Glu4 to Lys13 and from Leu27 to Thr33, with two turns from Gln16 to Arg19 and Phe22 to His25. A salt-bridge appears likely between Arg20 and Glu30 which may be critical for holding the receptor-binding domain together.
Self Peptides and the Peptidic Self (2001)

Twenty years ago, antigenic and self peptides presented by MHC molecules were absent from the immunological scene. While foreign peptides could be assayed by immune reactions, self peptides, as elusive and invisible as they were at the time, were bound to have an immunological role. How self peptides are selected and presented by MHC molecules, and how self MHC-peptide complexes are seen or not seen by T cells raised multiple questions particularly related to MHC restriction, alloreactivity, positive and negative selection, the nature of tumor antigens and tolerance. These issues were addressed in the "peptiditic self model" (1986) and subsequent hypothesis. They are retrospectively and critically reviewed here in the context of our current understanding of these major immunological phenomena.
Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura-Type Cross-Coupling Reactions of π-Activated Alcohols (2020)

The Suzuki–Miyaura reaction is one of the most powerful tools for the formation of carbon–carbon bonds in organic synthesis. The utilization of alcohols in this powerful reaction is a challenging task. This short review covers progress in the transition-metal-catalyzed Suzuki­–Miyaura-type cross-coupling reaction of π-activated alcohol, such as aryl, benzylic, allylic, propargylic and allenic alcohols, between 2000 and June 2019. 1 Introduction 2 Suzuki–Miyaura Cross-Coupling Reactions of Aryl Alcohols 2.1 One-Pot Reactions with Pre-activation of the C–O Bond 2.1.1 Palladium Catalysis 2.1.2 Nickel Catalysis 2.2 Direct Activation of the C–O Bond 2.2.1 Nickel Catalysis 3 Suzuki–Miyaura-Type Cross-Coupling Reactions of Benzylic Alcohols 4 Suzuki–Miyaura-Type Cross-Coupling Reactions of Allylic Alcohols 4.1 Rhodium Catalysis 4.2 Palladium Catalysis 4.3 Nickel Catalysis 4.4 Stereospecific Reactions 4.5 Stereoselective Reactions 4.6 Domino Reactions 5 Suzuki–Miyaura-Type Cross-Coupling Reactions of Propargylic Alcohols 5.1 Palladium Catalysis 5.2 Rhodium Catalysis 6 Suzuki–Miyaura-Type Cross-Coupling Reactions of Allenic Alcohols 6.1 Palladium Catalysis 6.2 Rhodium Catalysis 7 Conclusions
Culture characterization of differentiated high endothelial venule cells from human tonsils. (1999)

High endothelial venules (HEV) are specialized vessels that support abundant lymphocyte emigration from peripheral blood into secondary lymphoid organs. HEV endothelial cells (HEVEC) exhibit particular structural and functional features, including secretion of the HEV-specific extracellular matrix protein hevin and an array of uniquely glycosylated counter-receptors for L-selectin expressed on lymphocytes. These ligands are collectively called the peripheral lymph node addressin (PNAd), originally defined by the monoclonal antibody MECA-79. PNAd expression was used to purify HEVEC by positive immunoselection from enzyme-digested human tonsils after negative immunoselection for other cells. Purified HEVEC maintained secretion of hevin and homogenous expression of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 (CD54), ICAM-2 (CD102), and CD31, at high levels following 8 days in culture. Expression of functional PNAd was maintained during the first 4 to 5 days of culture but decreased gradually and disappeared on day 8, while the expression of CD34 remained strong. However, the CD34 glycoform shifted toward the in situ phenotype of flat-walled vessels, suggesting that the observed loss of L-selectin binding determinants and MECA-79 antigen was due to down-regulation of the glycosyl- and sulfo-transferases essential for their expression. Our rapid and reproducible method to establish HEVEC cultures provides a useful mechanistic tool for identification of the factors that induce and maintain the HEV phenotype, as well as a source for isolation of HEV-specific genes.
Using Worker Quality Scores to Improve Stopping Rules (2014)

We consider the crowdsourcing task of learning the answer to simple multiple-choice microtasks. In order to provide statistically significant results, one often needs to ask multiple workers to answer the same microtask. A stopping rule is an algorithm that for a given microtask decides for any given set of worker answers if the system should stop and output an answer or iterate and ask one more worker. A quality score for a worker is a score that reflects the historic performance of that worker. In this paper we investigate how to devise better stopping rules given such quality scores. We conduct a data analysis on a large-scale industrial crowdsourcing platform, and use the observations from this analysis to design new stopping rules that use the workers’ quality scores in a non-trivial manner. We then conduct a simulation based on a real-world workload, showing that our algorithm performs better than the more naive approaches.
Dietary downregulation of mutant p53 levels via glucose restriction (2012)

The majority of human tumors express mutant forms of p53 at high levels, promoting gain of oncogenic functions and correlating with disease progression, resistance to therapy and unfavorable prognosis. p53 mutant accumulation in tumors is attributed to the ability to evade degradation by the proteasome, the only currently recognized machinery for p53 disruption. We report here that glucose restriction (GR) induces p53 mutant deacetylation, routing it for degradation via autophagy. Depletion of p53 leads, in turn, to robust autophagic activation and to cell death, while expression of degradation-defective mutant p53 blocks autophagy and enables survival to GR. Furthermore, we found that a carbohydrate-free dietetic regimen that lowers the fasting glucose levels blunts p53 mutant expression and oncogenic activity relative to a normal diet in several animal model systems. These findings indicate that the stability of mutant forms of p53 is influenced by the levels of glucose and by dietetic habits. They also unravel the existence of an inhibitory loop between autophagy and mutant p53 that can be exploited therapeutically.
An efficient algorithm for motion estimation in H.264 (2004)

In H.264, 7 modes {1616, 168, 816, 88, 84, 48, 44) are used to enhance the coding efficiency. The motion vector estimation with 7 modes may require huge computing time. In this paper, to speed up the motion vector estimation procedure while the high image quality remains, we propose a motion vector refinement scheme using the temporary motion vector generated with little computation. The proposed estimation process consists of three phases: Mode decision for a 1616 macroblock, Composing a temporary motion vector, Refinement of the temporary motion vector. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method by computer simulation. In the results, the encoding time consumed by the proposed scheme has been reduced significantly while the encoded video quality remains unchanged.
Performance of the gas gain monitoring system of the CMS RPC muon detector (2015)

The RPC muon detector of the CMS experiment at the LHC (CERN, Geneva, Switzerland) is equipped with a Gas Gain Monitoring (GGM) system. A report on the stability of the system during the 2011-2012 data taking run is given, as well as the observation of an effect which suggests a novel method for the monitoring of gas mixture composition.
In Vivo Visualization of MET Tumor Expression and Anticalin Biodistribution with the MET-Specific Anticalin 89Zr-PRS-110 PET Tracer (2014)

(89)Zr-PRS-110 specifically accumulates in MET-expressing tumors in a receptor density-dependent manner. PET imaging provides real-time noninvasive information about PRS-110 distribution and tumor accumulation in preclinical models.
A Novel Video Quality Metric for Low Bit-Rate Video Considering Both Coding and Packet-Loss Artifacts (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> This paper investigates the perceptual quality of video affected by packet losses. We focus on low-resolution and low bit-rate video coded by the H.264/AVC encoder and the packet loss patterns likely in low bit-rate wireless networks. We examine the impact of several factors on the perceptual quality, including the error length (the error propagation duration after a loss), the loss severity (measured by the pixel difference between reference and distorted video in the area affected by a loss), loss location, the number of losses, and loss patterns. Based on our findings, we propose an objective metric for the quality degradation due to packet losses that considers all these factors. We also validate a prior metric relating the quality degradation due to compression artifacts and the peak-signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR). We finally propose a full-reference metric that measures the overall quality degradation due to both packet losses and lossy compression. The proposed metric correlates very well with subjective ratings, for a large set of video clips with different loss patterns, coding artifacts, and scene contents. </para>
Assigning Glycosylation Sites and Microheterogeneities in Glycoproteins by Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry (2009)

Glycosylation of proteins is one of the most common posttranslational modifications which has its bearing on function and biological activity. Assigning the glycosylation sites and their inherent microheterogeneities are key structural issues addressing various glycoprotein functions. This chapter describes three different approaches all based on liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS-MS), which are commonly employed for the assignment of protein glycosylation sites and their microheterogeneities. Comparing the LC/MS-MS analysis of a native glycoprotein tryptic digest to that of a deglycosylated tryptic digest can be accomplished through a routine LC/MS instrument. The use of a scanning mass spectrometer capable of switching between high-voltage and low-voltage scans, combined with monitoring carbohydrate-characteristic oxonium ions, is yet another analytical approach utilized for characterization of the glycosylation sites of glycoproteins. These two approaches do not address the problem originating from the ion suppression associated with coeluting peptides. The use of on-line glycopeptide enrichment in conjunction with LC/MS-MS is a third approach, which reduces ion suppression, thus offering a more sensitive approach to the characterization of protein glycosylation sites.
Compoundieren mit gleichläufigen Doppelschneckenextrudern (2019)

No AccessPolymer-Aufbereitung und Kunststoff-CompoundierungOct 2019Compoundieren mit gleichläufigen DoppelschneckenextrudernKlemens Kohlgrüber, Michael Bierdel, Harald RustKlemens KohlgrüberSearch for more papers by this author, Michael BierdelSearch for more papers by this author, Harald RustSearch for more papers by this authorhttps://doi.org/10.3139/9783446460799.005SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to FavoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsCopy LTI LinkPDF key 'share (en)' returned an object instead of string.FacebookTwitterEmailLinkedIn previous chapternext chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2019Pages: 183-348Print ISBN: 978-3-446-45832-1eISBN: 978-3-446-46079-9 Copyright & Permissions© 2019 Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KGPDF downloadLoading ...
A carbohydrate-derived trifunctional scaffold for medicinal chemistry library synthesis (2018)

For the generation of compound libraries for drug discovery a central scaffold containing three exit vectors with defined chirality was devised starting from commercially available tri-O-acetyl-glucal. Surprisingly, the reaction of a 4-O-mesylate with sodium azide did not lead to the expected 4-azido-4-deoxy derivative but to a 3-azido-3-deoxy regioisomer via intermediate epoxide formation. The absolute stereochemical configuration of the final tetrahydropyran building block was proven by X-ray crystallography. This scaffold endowed with a carboxylic acid, a secondary alcohol, and an azide functionality may be connected to a DNA tag at any of the three distinct exit vectors, thus providing ready access to several different compound libraries.Â
EUV Resist Testing Status and Post Lithography LWR Reduction (2011)

Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) lithography is a leading technology option for manufacturing at the 22nm half pitch node and beyond. Implementation of the technology will require continued progress on several key supporting infrastructure challenges, including EUV photoresist materials. The main development issue regarding EUV photoresists is simultaneously achieving the high resolution, high sensitivity, and low line width roughness (LWR) required. This paper describes our strategy, the current status of EUV materials, and some integrated post-development LWR reduction efforts. Data collected utilizing Intel′s Micro-Exposure Tool (MET) is presented in order to examine the feasibility of establishing a resist process that simultaneously exhibits ≤22nm half-pitch (HP) L/S resolution at ≤11.3mJ/cm2 with ≤3nm LWR
Selective Fabrication of an Electrochemical Sensor for Pb 2+ Based on Poly(pyrrole‐co‐ o– toluidine)/CoFe 2 O 4 Nanocomposites (2019)

Abstract We report the synthesis of a novel nanocomposites based Poly(pyrrole‐co‐o‐toluidine) copolymer and cobalt ferrite (CoFe 2 O 4 ) as an electrochemical sensor for selective Pb 2+ detection. The general abbreviation of these new materials are given as P(Py‐co‐OT)/CF nanocomposites (P(Py‐co‐OT)/CF NCs). The synthesis was performed via in situ‐chemical oxidative polymerization method at different CoFe 2 O 4 weight ratio (5%, 10%, 30%, 50% and 70%), whereas CoFe 2 O 4 nanoparticle (NPs) was synthesized by an egg white method prior the nanocomposite formation. The structural, morphological, thermal, magnetic, electrical and electrochemical properties of pure P(Py‐co‐OT), CoFe 2 O 4 and P(Py‐co‐OT)/CF NCs were characterized by XRD, FTIR, TGA‐DTG, SEM‐EDX, TEM, VSM and electrical conductivity. The results of XRD and FTIR confirmed the formation of P(Py‐co‐OT)/CF NCs with the component CoFe 2 O 4 showing spinel structure. The analysis of TGA‐DTG presented that CoFe 2 O 4 NPs improved the thermal stability of NCs indicated the presence of some interactions between the interface of P(Py‐co‐OT) and CoFe 2 O 4 NPs, which affects the chemical and physical properties of the NCs. The ac conductivity was also examined as a function of temperature. The measures showed a decrease in the conductivity of NCs when increasing the insulating CoFe 2 O 4 NPs contents. A cost‐effective and reliable electrochemical sensor selective to Pb 2+ ion was fabricated using P(Py‐co‐OT)/CF NCs on glassy carbon (GCE). It was found that the P(Py‐co‐OT)/CF 10 NCs exhibit excellent detection of Pb 2+ ion. The proposed Pb 2+ ion sensor was performed linearly over the large concentration range of 0.1 nM ∼ 0.01 mM labelled as linear dynamic range (LDR). The sensitivity as well as detection limit were estimated to be 22.39 μAμM −1 cm −2 and 42.39 ±2.12 pM, respectively. The desired ionic sensor‐based on P(Py‐co‐OT)/CF 10 NCs/binder/GCE was found as efficient to detect Pb 2+ ion in environmental and biological samples significantly. The analytical sensor performances such as reproducibility, sensitivity, stability, validation, and response time were reliable and significant.
7-Aminobutynyl-8-Aza-7-Deazahypoxanthine as a Quasi-Universal Nucleobase (2013)

Several 7-(hydroxy, amino, methylureido, and guanidino)alkynyl-substituted 8-aza-7-deaza- hypoxanthine analogues were investigated as potential universal nucleobases. 7-Aminobutynyl-8-aza-7-deazahypoxanthine was found to be the most promising quasi-universal nucleobase with improved hybridization and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) enhancing properties as compared to commonly used hypoxanthine (the nucleobase of inosine). It demonstrated improved ambiguity for pairing with A, T, and C bases and its base pairing properties can be summarized as follows: X:C∼X:A∼X:T > X:G. The improvement in PCR performance directly correlated with primer's Tm. Primers containing multiple 7-aminobutynyl-8-aza-7-deazahypoxanthines were successfully used without noticeable inhibition of Taq polymerase activity provided the modifications are positioned more than two bases away from the 3' end.
High-Q Factor Multiferroic Resonant MEMS Low Frequency Magnetic Field Sensors (2022)

SummaryMultiferroic resonant MEMS magnetometers show great promise to provide a highly sensitive, low noise option for detecting low frequency magnetic fields at room temperature and in a small form factor. Strain modulation techniques enable sensitivity enhancement by the high device Q factors. However, as the strain modulation increases, a resonator Duffing nonlinearity is observed before the magnetostrictive material can be sufficiently strained to provide high modulation efficiency. Here, we report a multiferroic resonant MEMS magnetometer with a sensitivity of 32mA<inf>rms</inf>/T and noise value of ~2.2nT/&#x221A;Hz.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF SOME TETRADEHYDROCORRINS AND 1,19‐DIDEOXYBILANES RELATED TO 12‐DECARBOXYUROPORPHYRIN III (1975)

Abstract Das aus den Pyrrolen (I) und (II) zugängliche Dipyrrylmethan (III) reagiert mit entsprechenden Pyrrolaldehyden zu den 10,24‐Dihydro‐(2lH)‐bilin ‐dihydrobromiden (IV), die nach Überführung in ihre Basen (V) katalytisch zu den l,19‐Didesoxy‐bilanen (VI) hydriert werden.
Complications in the Reductive Alkylation of Coal (1981)

The reductive alkylation of coal, involving reduction by alkali metal naphthalenide followed by alkylation by alkyl halide, involves chemistry that is more complex than that of the reductive alkylation of simple aromatic compounds. With the coal, reduction is not accompanied by formation of significant quantities of radical anions, and alkylation can occur by nonreductive paths. Furthermore, model studies of the reducing system reveal that the solvent tetrahydrofuran decomposes to yield ethylene and that appreciable quantities of hydride are generated.
Enhanced Interfacial Reaction of Fe–Si Alloy Sheets Hot-Dipped in Zn Melt at 460°C (2018)

In order to understand the effect of solute Si (in the steel sheet) on the interfacial reaction between liquid Zn and solid Fe (α-Fe phase) during the hot-dip galvanizing process, a change in the interfacial microstructure between Zn coating and Fe substrate in Fe–Si alloy sheets hot-dipped in Zn melt with dipping time at 460°C was examined. In pure Fe sheet, the Fe–Zn intermetallic layers form at the interface between solid Fe and liquid Zn at an early stage of dipping and subsequently grow to approximately 60 µm in thickness after 600 s. In Fe–1Si (wt%) alloy, the thickness of Zn coating substantially increases to beyond 500 µm after 600 s and the coarse ζ-FeZn13 phase with several facet planes was often observed in the Zn coating. The thickness of the Fe–1Si alloy sheets continuously decreases till 60 s and then is reduced significantly after 600 s. The thickness loss in the later stage of dipping is more significant in the Fe–Si alloy with higher Si content. These results indicate a significant Fe dissolution into liquid Zn could occur at the later stage of dipping the Fe–1Si alloy in Zn melt, which is distinguished from the interfacial reaction between pure Fe and liquid Zn. The enhanced interfacial reaction would be responsible for the decomposition of the initially formed ζ-FeZn13 phase layer to liquid and FeSi phases, which can be proposed based on thermodynamic calculations of the Fe–Zn–Si ternary system.