gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In-situ aberration monitoring using phase wheel targets (2004)

Aberration metrology is critical to the manufacture of quality lithography lenses in order to meet strict optical requirements. Additionally, it is becoming increasingly important to be able to measure and monitor lens performance in an IC production environment on a regular basis. The lithographer needs to understand the influence of aberrations on imaging and any changes that may occur in the aberration performance of the lens between assembly and application, and over the course of using an exposure tool. This paper will present a new method for the detection of lens aberrations that may be employed during standard lithography operation. The approach allows for the detection of specific aberration types and trends, as well as levels of aberration, though visual inspection of high resolution images of resist patterns and fitting of the aberrated wavefront. The approach consists of a test target made up of a 180-degree phase pattern array in a “phase wheel” configuration. The circular phase regions in the phase wheel are arranged so that their response to lens aberration is interrelated and the regions respond uniquely to specific aberrations, depending on their location within the target. This test method offers an advantage because of the sensitivity to particular aberration types, the unique response of multiple zones of the test target to aberrations, and the ease with which aberrations can be distinguished. The method of lens aberration detection is based on the identification of the deviations that occur between the images printed with the phase wheel target and images that would be produced in the absence of aberration. This is carried out through the use of lithography simulation, where simulated images can be produced without aberration and with various levels of lens aberration. Comparisons of printed resist images to simulated resist images are made while the values of the coefficients for the primary Zernike aberrations are varied.
Reactivity of heteroatom-containing organics during liquefaction of subbituminous coal: Quarterly technical progress report, September 15, 1987-December 15, 1987 (1987)

Deuteration of AO4 liquefaction solvent to an isotopic purity of approximately 99% was accomplished using a teflon-lined Parr bomb reactor. Tubing bomb liquefaction tests were performed using two sets of reaction conditions including coal and AO4, and coal and deuterated AO4. The THF insolubles to be used in testing the stability of the deuterated AO4 under liquefaction conditions were extracted using a Soxhlet apparatus and methylene chloride solvent. A system enabling product slurry distillation directly from the tubing bomb following completion of the liquefaction reaction was designed, constructed, and utilized to recover and quantitate volatile fractions of product slurries. The AO4 solvent was also distilled using the same equipment and procedure. Weighed amounts of eight deuterium-labeled species were added to weighed amounts of both labeled and non-labeled AO4 in preparation for the four remaining tubing bomb tests. 3 figs.
Electronic patient record use during ward rounds: a qualitative study of interaction between medical staff (2008)

We discuss technical and social solutions for minimizing the impact of introducing an electronic patient record, emphasizing the need to balance both. We note that awareness of the effects of technology can enable ward-round teams to adapt their formations and information sources to facilitate multidisciplinary communication during the ward round.
Optical sapphire fiber Bragg gratings as high temperature sensors (2013)

Fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) were inscribed in single crystalline sapphire fibers by fs-laser irradiation. Due to the used multi-mode air clad fiber a sapphire-FBG spectra showa a wide asymmetric peak with a half width of 7 nm. Different mathematical peak functions were tested to determine a fiber Bragg wavelength. It was shown that the shift of the calculated Bragg wavelengths in dependence on temperature is identical for the different peak functions. The determination of the fiber Bragg wavelength shift with a resolution of 10pm allows temperature measurements within an accuracy of &plusmn;1&deg;C in the temperature range up to 1500&deg;C. Sapphire FBG were used to measure the temperature distribution and thermal fluctuations within an inductive heated furnace in the range from 100&deg;C to 1500&deg;C.
PdPt catalyst synthesized using a gas aggregation source and magnetron sputtering for fuel cell electrodes (2015)

International audience
Impedance Models and Water Transport Behavior of Steel Pipe Coated with Cathodically Polarized Enamel (2018)

Abstract Cathodic protection (CP) integrated with a protective barrier (e.g., thick organic coating) has been widely applied for the corrosion protection of steel pipelines. However, CP may make the pipe-coating interface become a more alkaline environment, potentially leading to cathodic delamination of the coating. It is, therefore, essential to evaluate the compatibility of new coating with CP in steel pipeline applications. Porcelain enamel, as an inorganic coating material, is widely used in chemical reactors, heat exchangers, or food-processing vessels due to its excellent engineering properties such as high abrasion, corrosion, and heat resistances. In this study, enamel-coated steel pipe samples with various levels of cathodic protection were tested to investigate their impedance models by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). One electrical equivalent circuit (EEC) models were used to fit the EIS data of coated samples without CP, while two EEC models were employed for samples with CP. Coating capacitance was used to investigate the water absorption characteristic in coating. Through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), no corrosion products and delamination of enamel coating were found at the interface of steel substrate and enamel coating due to its chemical bond with metal substrates.
A nanowire gauge factor extraction method for material comparison and in-line monitoring (2015)

We propose a new non-destructive extraction method of gauge factor (GF) of nanowires (NW) for in-line monitoring of this parameter and piezoresistive material properties comparisons. Unlike destructive conventional techniques which also suffer from reproducibility issues, this method allows a direct measurement of the GF locally at the nanoscale and at the wafer level. GFs have been reliably measured on a wide range of silicon-based NEMS resonators with different designs, crystalline structures and doping levels. For monocrystalline devices, the extracted values are in good agreement with typical values obtained for NWs fabricated with well-controlled top-down processes. These values are also compared with polysilicon (polySi) NEMS, which look promising for low cost solutions.
Cloning, expression and interaction of human T‐cell receptors with the bacterial superantigen SSA (2004)

Superantigens (SAgs) are a class of disease-causing and immunostimulatory proteins of bacterial or viral origin that activate a large number of T-cells through interaction with the Vbeta domain of T-cell receptors (TCRs). In this study, recombinant TCR beta chains were constructed with human variable domains Vbeta5.2, Vbeta1 and Vbeta2.1, expressed as inclusion bodies, refolded and purified. The Streptococcus pyogenes SAg SSA-1 was cloned and expressed as a soluble periplasmic protein. SSA-1 was obtained both as a monomer and a dimer that has an intermolecular disulfide bond. We analyzed the biological activity of the recombinant SAgs by proliferation assays. The results suggest that SSA dimerization occludes the TCR interaction site. Naturally occurring SSA dimerization was also observed in supernatants of S. pyogenes isolates. An SSA mutant [SSA(C26S)] was produced to eliminate the Cys responsible for dimerization. Affinity assays using a resonant biosensor showed that both the mutant and monomeric wild type SSA have affinity for human Vbeta5.2 and Vbeta1 with Kd of 9-11 microm with a fast kass and a moderately fast kdiss. In spite of the reported stimulation of Vbeta2.1 bearing T-cells by SSA, we observed no measurable interaction.
A Novel Assay to Assess Primary Human Cancer Infectibility by Replication-Selective Oncolytic Adenoviruses (2005)

Primary human tumor tissue remained viable when cultured ex vivo enabling evaluation of viral mutants in tissue with intact morphology. This assay may have great use in determining treatment-sensitive cancers and assess specific oncolytic mutants in individual cases.
Supplemental Table S4 from The Distinctive Mutational Spectra of Polyomavirus-Negative Merkel Cell Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Table S4. Copy number variations detected by exome sequencing in index cases&lt;/p&gt;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ndc1p Is a Shared Component of Nuclear Pore Complexes and Spindle Pole Bodies (1998)

We report a novel connection between nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) and spindle pole bodies (SPBs) revealed by our studies of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae NDC1 gene. Although both NPCs and SPBs are embedded in the nuclear envelope (NE) in yeast, their known functions are quite distinct. Previous work demonstrated that NDC1 function is required for proper SPB duplication (Winey, M., M.A. Hoyt, C. Chan, L. Goetsch, D. Botstein, and B. Byers. 1993. J. Cell Biol. 122:743-751). Here, we show that Ndc1p is a membrane protein of the NE that localizes to both NPCs and SPBs. Indirect immunofluorescence microscopy shows that Ndc1p displays punctate, nuclear peripheral localization that colocalizes with a known NPC component, Nup49p. Additionally, distinct spots of Ndc1p localization colocalize with a known SPB component, Spc42p. Immunoelectron microscopy shows that Ndc1p localizes to the regions of NPCs and SPBs that interact with the NE. The NPCs in ndc1-1 mutant cells appear to function normally at the nonpermissive temperature. Finally, we have found that a deletion of POM152, which encodes an abundant but nonessential nucleoporin, suppresses the SPB duplication defect associated with a mutation in the NDC1 gene. We show that Ndc1p is a shared component of NPCs and SPBs and propose a shared function in the assembly of these organelles into the NE.
707 Hemorrhage as a Complication of Arteriovenous Malformation Embolization (2001)

INTRODUCTION: This study evaluated the cause, incidence, timing, and outcome of hemorrhage as a complication of AVM embolization. METHODS: Two hundred thirty-nine consecutive patients undergoing staged cyanoacrylate embolization of brain AVMs (397 procedures) were evaluated. Patients with hemorrhage within 30 days of embolization were included. Hemorrhage was confirmed by CT. Detailed analysis of post embolization angiograms included, percentage nidal obliteration, intranidal aneurysms, and the venous drainage pattern, including the number of draining veins, change in venous outflow rate and venous embolic material. RESULTS: Seventeen patients had hemorrhage (7.1% patients, 4.3% procedures). There were four deaths (1.7%), and three (1.3%) had new permanent deficits. In 15 (88.2%) of 17 patients, the nidus region was the hemorrhage source based on CT. Hemorrhage occurred during the AVM embolization procedure in eight, in the first 8 to 10 hours after a procedure in six, and beyond this time in three patients (at 36 h,...
Production and Use of a Luminescent Strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa for the Study of Burn Wound Infection Pathogenesis Using Non-Invasive Imaging (2002)

Journal Article Production and Use of a Luminescent Strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa for the Study of Burn Wound Infection Pathogenesis Using Non-Invasive Imaging Get access D. Baer, PhD, D. Baer, PhD 1US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, TX Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. R. Reeder, BS, J. R. Reeder, BS 1US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, TX Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. T. McManus, PhD A. T. McManus, PhD 1US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, TX Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Journal of Burn Care & Rehabilitation, Volume 23, Issue suppl_2, March-April 2002, Page S61, https://doi.org/10.1097/00004630-200203002-00042 Published: 01 March 2002
Copper(II)-Bisoxazoline Catalyzed Asymmetric 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions of Nitrones with Electron-Rich Alkenes (1999)

A transition-metal-catalyzed diastereo- and enantioselective 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction between electrophilic nitrones and electron-rich alkenes has been developed employing chiral copper(II)- and zinc(II)-bisoxazolines as catalysts. In the presence of Cu(OTf)2-bisoxazoline as the catalyst, the nitrones, which coordinate to the chiral catalyst in a bidentate fashion, reacted smoothly with alkenes at room temperature to give isoxazolidines in good yields and diastereoselectivity and with high enantioselectivities of up to 94% ee. The influence of the metal salts, chiral ligands, and solvents on the reaction course has been investigated, and a general reaction protocol is developed. On the basis of the absolute stereochemistry of the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition product, the coordination of the nitrone to the catalyst is discussed and a mechanistic approach of the reaction is presented. It is proposed that the intermediate is one in which both the nitrone and alkene are coordinated to the chiral copper(II)-bisoxazoline catalyst.
Re: Protease Nexin 1 Inhibits Hedgehog Signaling in Prostate Adenocarcinoma (2013)

No AccessJournal of UrologyInvestigative Urology1 Jun 2013Re: Protease Nexin 1 Inhibits Hedgehog Signaling in Prostate Adenocarcinoma Anthony AtalaM.D. Anthony AtalaAnthony Atala More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2013.02.105AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Re: Protease Nexin 1 Inhibits Hedgehog Signaling in Prostate Adenocarcinoma." The Journal of Urology, 189(6), p. 2391 © 2013 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 189Issue 6June 2013Page: 2391 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2013 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Anthony Atala More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
Substoichiometric inhibition of transthyretin misfolding by immune-targeting sparsely populated misfolding intermediates: a potential diagnostic and therapeutic for TTR amyloidoses (2016)

Wild-type and mutant transthyretin (TTR) can misfold and deposit in the heart, peripheral nerves, and other sites causing amyloid disease. Pharmacological chaperones, Tafamidis(®) and diflunisal, inhibit TTR misfolding by stabilizing native tetrameric TTR; however, their minimal effective concentration is in the micromolar range. By immune-targeting sparsely populated TTR misfolding intermediates (i.e. monomers), we achieved fibril inhibition at substoichiometric concentrations. We developed an antibody (misTTR) that targets TTR residues 89-97, an epitope buried in the tetramer but exposed in the monomer. Nanomolar misTTR inhibits fibrillogenesis of misfolded TTR under micromolar concentrations. Pan-specific TTR antibodies do not possess such fibril inhibiting properties. We show that selective targeting of misfolding intermediates is an alternative to native state stabilization and requires substoichiometric concentrations. MisTTR or its derivative may have both diagnostic and therapeutic potential.
REDUCING AMBIGUITY IN RESISTIVITY INTERPRETATION BY QUANTIFYING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SURFACE CONDUCTIVITY AND INDUCED POLARIZATION PARAMETERS (2013)

Interpretation of resistivity measurements is often uncertain as resistivity is controlled by pore fluid chemistry, moisture content and lithology. Geophysicists currently must rely on the availability of site information to reduce this uncertainty. Induced polarization (IP) measurements may help to reduce this uncertainty as they are primarily controlled by lithology and, relative to resistivity measurements, weakly dependent on pore fluid chemistry. In order to exploit this potential, we have investigated the relationship between the surface conductivity appearing in petrophysical models for resistivity and the imaginary conductivity measured with induced polarization. It has previously been suggested that imaginary conductivity can be used to estimate the surface conductivity if the ratio of surface polarization to surface conduction (l) is known. However, a detailed investigation of this ratio has not hitherto been reported. We performed a study on an extensive database of sandstone and unconsolidated samples where resistivity and induced polarization measurements were acquired as a function of salinity. The surface conductivity was estimated assuming a simple parallel conduction model where conduction through interconnected pores and conduction along interconnected pore surfaces add in parallel. The surface conductivity exhibits a weak salinity dependence that is similar in shape to the salinity dependence of the imaginary conductivity. This finding suggests that l is only weakly dependent on salinity. The existence of a relationship between the surface conductivity and the imaginary conductivity measured with IP may pave the way towards more reliable petrophysical relations. For example, it is usually not possible to estimate the formation factor from a single measurement of resistivity at a known salinity due to the unknown influence of surface conductivity. Our findings suggest that IP data could constrain the magnitude of the surface conductivity and therefore result in reliable formation factor estimation.
The reactive oxygen species/AMP-activated protein kinase signaling pathway's role in the apoptotic induction of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells caused by the ethanol extract of Citrus Unshiu peel (2018)

Objective: Citrus unshiu Markovich, which has been used for many different purposes in traditional medicine, has been reported to possess various pharmacological properties; however, its anticancer potentials are relatively unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the ethanol extract of C. unshiu peel (EECU) on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Materials and Methods: Cytotoxicity was evaluated using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Apoptosis was detected using DAPI staining and flow cytometry. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay, caspase activity, and Western blotting analysis were used to confirm the basis of apoptosis. Results: Our results demonstrated that the inhibition of MCF-7 cell survival by EECU was associated with the induction of apoptosis. EECU-induced apoptosis resulted in a sequence of events, which began with the increased expression of death receptor-related proteins and a Bax/Bcl-2 expression ratio. This led to the collapse of MMP and the cytosolic release of cytochrome c, which was accompanied by and the activation of caspase-9 and caspase-8 and proteolytic degradation of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. EECU also induced apoptosis of MCF-7 cells by stimulating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), through the generation of ROS. However, compound C, a pharmacological inhibitor of AMPK, significantly weakened EECU-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, the activation of AMKP, induction of apoptosis, and reduction of cell viability by EECU were effectively prevented when ROS production was blocked. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that EECU inhibits MCF-7 cell proliferation by activating the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathways through the ROS-dependent activation of the AMPK pathway. Abbreviations used: ACC: Acetyl-CoA carboxylase; AMPK: 5′-AMP-activated protein kinase; DCF-DA: 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin diacetate; DMSO: Dimethylsulfoxide; DR: Death receptor; ECL: Enhanced chemiluminescence; EECU: Ethanol extract of Citrus unshiu peel; ELISA: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; FADD: Fas-associated protein with death domain; FasL: Fas ligand; FBS: fetal bovine serum; FITC: Fluorescein isothiocyanate; HRP: Horseradish peroxidase; IETD: Ile-Glu-Thr-Asp; JC: 1: 5,5′,6,6′-tetrachloro-1,1′,3,3′-tetraethyl-imidacarbocyanine iodide; LEHD: Leu-Glu-His-Asp; MTT: 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide; NAC: N-acetyl-L-cysteine; PARP: poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase; PBS: Phosphate-buffered saline; PI: Propidium Iodide; pNA: p-nitroaniline; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; SD: Standard deviation; SDS: Sodium-dodecyl sulfate; tBid: Truncated Bid; TRAIL: TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand
Identification of Kinases Responsible for p53-Dependent Autophagy (2019)

In cancer, autophagy is upregulated to promote cell survival and tumor growth during times of nutrient stress and can confer resistance to drug treatments. Several major signaling networks control autophagy induction, including the p53 tumor suppressor pathway. In response to DNA damage and other cellular stresses, p53 is stabilized and activated, while HDM2 binds to and ubiquitinates p53 for proteasome degradation. Thus blocking the HDM2-p53 interaction is a promising therapeutic strategy in cancer; however, the potential survival advantage conferred by autophagy induction may limit therapeutic efficacy. In this study, we leveraged an HDM2 inhibitor to identify kinases required for p53-dependent autophagy. Interestingly, we discovered that p53-dependent autophagy requires several kinases, including the myotonic dystrophy protein kinase-like alpha (MRCKα). MRCKα is a CDC42 effector reported to activate actin-myosin cytoskeletal reorganization. Overall, this study provides evidence linking MRCKα to autophagy and reveals additional insights into the role of kinases in p53-dependent autophagy.
Kappa opioid signaling in the right central amygdala causes hind paw specific loss of diffuse noxious inhibitory controls in experimental neuropathic pain (2019)

Diffuse noxious inhibitory controls (DNICs) is a pain-inhibits-pain phenomenon demonstrated in humans and animals. Diffuse noxious inhibitory control is diminished in many chronic pain states, including neuropathic pain. The efficiency of DNIC has been suggested to prospectively predict both the likelihood of pain chronification and treatment response. Little is known as to why DNIC is dysfunctional in neuropathic pain. Here, we evaluated DNIC in the rat L5/L6 spinal nerve ligation (SNL) model of chronic pain using both behavioral and electrophysiological outcomes. For behavior, nociceptive thresholds were determined using response to noxious paw pressure on both hind paws as the test stimulus before, and after, injection of a conditioning stimulus of capsaicin into the left forepaw. Functionally, the spike firing of spinal wide-dynamic-range neuronal activity was evaluated before and during noxious ear pinch, while stimulating the ipsilateral paw with von Frey hairs of increased bending force. In both assays, the DNIC response was significantly diminished in the ipsilateral (ie, injured) paw of SNL animals. However, behavioral loss of DNIC was not observed on the contralateral (ie, uninjured) paw. Systemic application of nor-binaltorphimine, a kappa opioid antagonist, did not ameliorate SNL-induced hyperalgesia but reversed loss of the behavioral DNIC response. Microinjection of nor-binaltorphimine into the right central amygdala (RCeA) of SNL rats did not affect baseline thresholds but restored DNIC both behaviorally and electrophysiologically. Cumulatively, these data suggest that net enhanced descending facilitations may be mediated by kappa opioid receptor signaling from the right central amygdala to promote diminished DNIC after neuropathy.