gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Survival of Enveloped and Non-Enveloped Viruses on Inanimate Surfaces (2015)

In the present study, we evaluated the viability of non-enveloped viruses, minute virus of mice (MVM) and coxsackievirus B4 (CVB4), and enveloped-viruses, influenza A virus (H1N1) and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), on surfaces. We also investigated the impact of the initial concentration of proteins and sodium chloride on the persistence of infectious CVB4 on surfaces. Viral suspensions (>10(4.5) TCID50) were applied to petri dish lids and dried under the air flow of a biosafety cabinet. The recovered viral preparations were titered on appropriate cell lines. Enveloped viruses persisted for less than 5 days while CVB4 and MVM persisted for weeks. However, repetitive cycles of drying and resuspension had a stronger virucidal effect on CVB4 than on H1N1 and HSV-1. These repetitive cycles had no effect on the infectious titer of MVM. When exposed to drying, the initial concentrations of bovine serum albumin (from 0 to 90 mg mL(-1)), fetal calf serum (from 0 to 100%), and sodium chloride (from 0 to 300 mg mL(-1)) affected the viability of CVB4. CVB4 was more likely to be inactivated by drying in a protein-rich medium, whereas the impact of drying was reduced in the presence of sodium chloride. The results of the present study demonstrated that the resistance of viruses to drying, as suggested by iterative drying, was not due to the heterogeneity of viral subpopulations, but was influenced by media compositions and component concentrations, as illustrated in the model of CVB4.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐(2‐Cyanoethoxycarbonyloxy)succinimide: A New Reagent for Protection of Amino Groups in Oligonucleotides. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐Cyano‐3,10‐dioxooleana‐1,9(11)‐dien‐28‐oic Acid Anhydride. A Novel and Highly Potent Antiinflammatory and Cytoprotective Agent. (2010)

Abstract Title compound (I) is easily synthesized as first example of an oleane triterpenoid anhydride.
Three-Phase Synergetically Controlled Current DC-Link AC/DC Buck–Boost Converter With Two Independently Regulated DC Outputs (2022)

A three-phase current DC-link AC/DC buck–boost converter, composed of a three-phase current-source rectifier (CSR) front-end and a three-level DC/DC-stage, can provide two independently regulated DC outputs. A conventional synergetic control strategy, which coordinates the modulation of the CSR and the DC/DC converter stage to achieve minimum overall switching losses, is extended to the case of two independent DC outputs, retaining all advantageous features, such as seamless transitions between operating modes and modulation schemes. The extended synergetic control strategy allows loss-optimum operation [i.e., reduced number of switching instants due to clamping of a phase of the CSR-stage (switching only two out of the three phases, i.e., 2/3-PWM) or individual clamping of the DC/DC-stage's two half-bridges and minimum possible DC-link current] for any operating point, especially also for two <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">different</i> output voltages and/or two <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">different</i> loads. Finally, experimental confirmation of the proposed control scheme using a 10 kW demonstrator system is provided. Operating in the boost-mode at a total output voltage of 800 V, the proposed synergetic control achieves a significant measured efficiency improvement over a wide load range, e.g., from <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$95.7 \,\%$</tex-math></inline-formula> to <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$96.9 \,\%$</tex-math></inline-formula> ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1.2 \,\%$</tex-math></inline-formula> ) at 2 kW and from <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$97.9 \,\%$</tex-math></inline-formula> to <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$98.4 \,\%$</tex-math></inline-formula> ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.5 \,\%$</tex-math></inline-formula> ) at 10 kW, which is largely independent of output voltage asymmetries and load asymmetries.
Ultra thin film encapsulation of OLED on plastic substrate (2004)

Abstract Fabrications of barrier layer on a polyethersulfon (PES) film and OLED based on a plastic substrate by atomic layer deposition (ALD) have been carried out. Simultaneous deposition of 30 nm of AlOx film on both sides of PES film gave film MOCON value of 0.0615 g/m2/day (@38°C, 100 % R.H.). Moreover, the double layer of 200 nm SiNx film deposited by PECVD and 20 nm of AlOx film by ALD resulted in the MOCON value lower than the detection limit of MOCON. The OLED encapsulation performance of the double layer have been investigated using the OLED structure of ITO/MTDATA(20 nm)/NPD(40 nm)/AlQ(60 nm)/LiF(1 nm)/Al(75 nm) based on the plastic substrate. Preliminary life time to 91 % of initial luminance (1300 cd/m2) was 260 hours for the OLED encapsulated with 100 nm of PECVD deposited SiNx/30 nm of ALD deposited AlOx.
Functional Poly(ε-caprolactone)s via Copolymerization of ε-Caprolactone and Pyridyl Disulfide-Containing Cyclic Carbonate: Controlled Synthesis and Facile Access to Reduction-Sensitive Biodegradable Graft Copolymer Micelles (2013)

Pyridyl disulfide-functionalized cyclic carbonate (PDSC) monomer was obtained in four straightforward steps from 3-methyl-3-oxetanemethanol and exploited for facile preparation of functional poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) containing pendant pyridyl disulfide (PDS) groups via ring-opening copolymerization with ε-caprolactone. The results showed that PDS-functionalized PCL polymers were prepared with controlled molecular weights and functionalities. The exchange reaction between PDS-functionalized PCL and thiolated poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-SH) at a PEG-SH/PDS molar ratio of 2/1 afforded PCL-g-SS-PEG graft copolymers in high yields. The dynamic light scattering (DLS) analyses showed that PCL-g-SS-PEG copolymer self-assembled into micelles with a diameter of 110–120 nm and a low polydispersity (PDI) in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4, 10 mM). PCL-g-SS-PEG micelles while sufficiently stable under physiological conditions were prone to rapid shell shedding and aggregation under a reductive condition. Doxorubicin (DOX) was loaded into PCL-g-SS-PEG micelles with a decent drug loading content of 10.1 wt %. Notably, in vitro release studies revealed that ca. 82.1% DOX was released in 12 h under a reductive environment analogous to that of the intracellular compartments such as cytosol and the cell nucleus whereas only ca. 17.5% DOX was released in 24 h under nonreductive conditions. Confocal microscopy observation indicated that DOX was delivered into the nuclei of HeLa cells following 8 h incubation with DOX-loaded PCL-g-SS-PEG micelles. MTT assays in HeLa cells demonstrated that DOX-loaded PCL-g-SS-PEG micelles retained high antitumor activity with low IC50 (half-maximal inhibitory concentration) of 0.82–0.95 μg DOX equiv/mL while blank PCL-g-SS-PEG micelles were nontoxic up to a tested concentration of 1.0 mg/mL. This study presents a versatile and controlled synthesis of PDS-functionalized biodegradable polymers and reduction-sensitive biodegradable graft copolymer micelles that are of particular interest for active intracellular drug release.
Electron-beam projection systems with compensated chromatic field aberrations (1975)

Microminiaturization for the production of modern large-scale integrated circuits requires electron-optical devices capable of recording more than 10 000 resolved lines per frame at a resolution of 0.1 μm. Magnetic demagnifying electron-projection systems with compensated chromatic field aberrations are capable of recording up to 10 000 lines per frame. In our system, the optimum aperture for a maximal number of lines per frame depends only on the coefficients of field curvature, isotropic and anisotropic astigmatism, and on the electron wavelength. A theoretical expression for the maximal number of lines per frame indicates that the number of lines can be increased by using a small demagnification factor and by increasing the dimensions of the electron-projection system.
Insecticidal Activity of a Vip3Ab1 Chimera Is Conferred by Improved Protein Stability in the Midgut of Spodoptera eridania (2019)

Vip3A proteins are important for the control of spodopteran pests in crops, including <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i> (fall armyworm). Native Vip3Ab1 controls <i>S. frugiperda</i>, but it is ineffective against <i>S. eridania</i> (southern armyworm), a major pest of soybean in South America. Recently, a Vip3Ab1 chimera with a modified C-terminus was described, Vip3Ab1-740, which has increased potency against <i>S. eridania</i> while maintaining activity against <i>S. frugiperda</i>. As <i>S. frugiperda</i> and <i>S. eridania</i> are differentially susceptible to Vip3Ab1, experiments were conducted to identify and understand the mechanism by which this expanded potency is conferred. The role of protein stability, processing, and in vivo effects of Vip3Ab1 and Vip3Ab1-740 in both of these species was investigated. Biochemical characterization of the midgut fluids of these two species indicated no obvious differences in the composition and activity of digestive enzymes, which protease inhibitor studies indicated were likely serine proteases. Histological examination demonstrated that both proteins cause midgut disruption in <i>S. frugiperda</i>, while only Vip3Ab1-740 affects <i>S. eridania</i>. Immunolocalization indicated that both proteins were present in the midgut of <i>S. frugiperda</i>, but only Vip3Ab1-740 was detected in the midgut of <i>S. eridania</i>. We conclude that the gain of toxicity of Vip3Ab1-740 to <i>S. eridania</i> is due to an increase in protein stability in the midgut, which was conferred by C-terminal modification.
Directed type IV collagen self‐assembly on hydroxylated PTFE (2006)

A method for the creation of a type IV collagen (CNIV) scaffold on polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) for endothelial cell attachment is described. This mimic for the basal lamina can be used in the seeding and retention of endothelial cells for blood contacting devices. The CNIV-PTFE production technique can be defined as three processes: (i) creation of a reactive superacidic/ionic PTFE surface with retained hydrophobic characteristics; (ii) activation of this surface via covalent attachment of N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethylcarbodiimide (EDC); and (iii) conjugation of the EDC with human CNIV resulting in the covalent binding of protein to the PTFE surface. This article demonstrates exciting new results showing that a reaction of CNIV to this particular surface results in a unique matrix assembly of CNIV scaffolds similar to those found in the basal lamina. This assembly is concentration-dependant, occurring in a narrow window around 0.435 microM. Following the fabrication of the CNIV matrix assembly, porcine aortic endothelial cells (PAEC) were seeded onto this material. Results described in this article demonstrate that the PAEC subsequently aligned with the direction of shear, filled voids created by dead or detached cells, and divided during the 6 h of experimentation. Under static conditions, cells remained viable for 1 week of testing. This was not observed with PAEC attached to glass with adsorbed Vitrogen. In summary, this article describes a novel biotechnological breakthrough that enables the creation of stable endothelial cell monolayers useful for fabricating blood contacting devices.
EC-CFI: Control-Flow Integrity via Code Encryption Counteracting Fault Attacks (2023)

Fault attacks enable adversaries to manipulate the controlflow of security-critical applications. By inducing targeted faults into the CPU, the software’s call graph can be escaped and the control-flow can be redirected to arbitrary functions inside the program. To protect the control-flow from these attacks, dedicated fault control-flow integrity (CFI) countermeasures are commonly deployed. However, these schemes either have high detection latencies or require intrusive hardware changes. In this paper, we present EC-CFI, a software-based cryptographically enforced CFI scheme with no detection latency utilizing hardware features of recent Intel® platforms. Our EC-CFI prototype is designed to prevent an adversary from escaping the program’s call graph using faults by encrypting each function with a different key before execution. At runtime, the instrumented program dynamically derives the decryption key, ensuring that the code only can be successfully decrypted when the program follows the intended call graph. To enable this level of protection on Intel® commodity systems, we combine Intel®’s TME-MK with the virtualization technology to achieve function-granular encryption. We open-source our custom LLVM-based toolchain automatically protecting arbitrary programs with EC-CFI. Furthermore, we evaluate EPT aliasing with the SPEC CPU2017 and Embench- IoT benchmarks and discuss and evaluate potential TME-MK hardware changes minimizing runtime overheads.
Gene activation is required for developmentally programmed cell death. (1990)

The intersegmental muscles of the tobacco hawkmoth Manduca sexta die during the 36-hr period after metamorphosis. The trigger for cell death is a fall in the ecdysteroid titer. Commitment of the intersegmental muscles to degenerate involves selective repression and activation of ecdysteroid-responsive genes. When the pattern of gene expression is altered after injection of either 20-hydroxyecdysone or actinomycin D, the muscles persist. cDNA clones have been isolated for four genes that become abundantly expressed coincident with the commitment to degenerate. The data presented here indicate that programmed cell death is not due to the cessation of macromolecular synthesis in condemned cells but rather is due to the activation of a differentiative pathway.
Performance Comparison between Turbo Code and Rate-Compatible LDPC Code for Evolved UTRA Downlink OFDM Radio Access (2009)

This paper compares the turbo code and rate-compatible low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes based on the block error rate (BLER) performance and decoding complexity in order to clarify which channel coding scheme is most appropriate for the channel coding scheme in the OFDM based Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA) downlink. Simulation results and the decoding complexity analysis show that although the Rate-Compatible/Quasi-Cyclic (RC/QC)-LDPC code employing an offset layered belief propagation (BP) method can reduce the computational complexity by approximately 30% for the channel coding rate of R ≥ 1/2, the required average received signal energy per bit-to-noise power spectrum density ratio (Eb/N0) is degraded by approximately 0.2-0.3dB for R=1/3, 1/2 and 3/4 compared to that for the turbo code. Moreover, the decoding complexity level of the RC/QC-LDPC code with the δ-min algorithm is almost the same or higher than that for the turbo code with a slight degradation in the required received Eb/N0. Although the decoding complexity level of the ZigZag code is lower than that of the turbo code, the code brings about a distinct loss in the required average received Eb/N0 of approximately 0.4dB. Finally, the turbo Single Parity Check (SPC) code improves the BLER performance compared to the ZigZag code, i.e., achieves almost the same BLER performance as that for the turbo code, at the cost of a two-fold increase in the decoding complexity. As a result, we conclude that the turbo code with a contention free interleaver is more promising than the LDPC codes for prioritizing the achievable performance over complexity and as the channel coding scheme for the shared data channel in the E-UTRA.
Chelates of .beta.-diketones. VI. Synthesis and characterization of dimeric dialkoxo-bridged iron(III) complexes with acetylacetone and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylheptane-3,5-dione (HDPM) (1972)

A series of compounds assigned the structure [L_2FeOR]_2 where L is the enolate of acetylacetone or dipivaloylmethane&#13;\n(HDPM) and R is CH_3, C_2H_5, and i-C_8H_7 has been prepared and characterized. They are obtained by the oxidation of&#13;\nferrous compounds in alcoholic solutions containing free ligand and bases or directly from ferric compounds. These dimers&#13;\nare weakly antiferromagnetic (- J ≅ 10 cm^(-1)). Their infrared and optical spectroscopic properties are reported.
Buckling of Tubular Strings in Open Sea (2016)

Abstract An analytical model for lateral buckling of near vertical tubular strings is presented in the paper. It applies both for marine risers and for drill strings used during riser less drilling. The model represents a tool for predicting critical compression force at the lower end and for calculating critical shortening length of the buckled string in situations when the top site heave compensation or tensioner system fails. The static lateral deflection of the string is described by a fourth order differential equation that can be linearized for small inclinations. Non-trivial analytic solutions include homogeneous and inhomogeneous Airy functions that can be combined to satisfy various boundary conditions and shortening lengths. The effect of an optional side force is also included in the solutions. The paper discusses the validity of the underlying assumptions, such as linearity, simplified boundary conditions, and the neglecting of dynamic effects. Finally, the theory is successfully compared with experimental results from a small scale physical model.
New Methodology for Quantifying Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Using High-Resolution Aerosol Mass Spectrometry (2015)

This article presents a new methodology to potentially quantify polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) isomers using high-resolution time of flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-AMS). The fragmentation of PAHs within the HR-AMS is such that significant signal remains at the molecular ion. After quantifying the molecular ion signal and taking into account potential interferences, the amount of the parent PAH in the aerosol may be inferred once its fragmentation pattern is also known. The potential of this approach was evaluated using mixed gasoline and diesel engine exhaust sampled under varying conditions. This dataset led to the identification and quantification within the aerosol mass spectra of the molecular ions associated with 53 PAH isomers, including both unsubstituted and functionalized species. An evaluation of anticipated interferences shows that interferences from larger molecular weight PAHs (i.e., PAH/PAH interferences) could be constrained based on the fragmentation behavior of PAHs from existing HR-AMS laboratory spectra. Other signal interferences for this data set are typically less than 5% of the total signal or, for <sup>13</sup>C isotopic interferents, are well constrained by measurements of the dominant isotope. The experimental data reveal that the fractional PAH molecular ion signal remained stable despite dramatic temporal variability of the total particulate organic signal. The fractional contributions of the molecular ions for grouped PAH species and even individual compounds were remarkably consistent across experiments. The distribution of PAHs showed no apparent dependence on engine load or exhaust type. Full application of this approach will require a greater number of standard HR-AMS spectra for PAHs, so that the relationship between compounds and their molecular ions may be understood more precisely.Copyright 2015 American Association for Aerosol Research
LIGAND-RECEPTOR 3-D SIMILARITY STUDIES USING MULTIPLE 4-POINT PHARMACOPHORES (1998)

A new method for 3-D similarity is presented based on the multiple potential 4-point 3-D pharmacophores expressed by ligands and complementary to receptors. These are calculated for ligands taking conformational flexibility into account, and for receptors through the use of complementary site-points. Through this common frame of reference both ligand-ligand and ligand-receptor similarity studies are possible. The application of the method to selectivity between different serine proteases (thrombin, factor Xa and trypsin) is discussed, and the need to use 4-point pharmacophores rather than 3-point pharmacophores is illustrated. A novel refinement to the potential pharmacophore method that uses a "special" feature to give a relative measure of similarity/diversity is also discussed.
Data from Efficient Identification of Mutated Cancer Antigens Recognized by T Cells Associated with Durable Tumor Regressions (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Cancer immunotherapy with adoptive transfer of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) represents an effective treatment for patients with metastatic melanoma, with the objective regressions in up to 72% of patients in three clinical trials. However, the antigen targets recognized by these effective TILs remain largely unclear.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; Melanoma patients 2359 and 2591 both experienced durable complete regressions of metastases ongoing beyond five years following adoptive TIL transfer. Two conventional screening approaches were carried out to identify the antigens recognized by these clinically effective TILs. In addition, a novel approach was developed in this study to identify mutated T-cell antigens by screening a tandem minigene library, which comprised nonsynonymous mutation sequences identified by whole-exome sequencing of autologous tumors.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Screening of an autologous melanoma cDNA library using a conventional approach led to the identification of previously undescribed nonmutated targets recognized by TIL 2359 or TIL 2591. In contrast, screening of tandem minigene libraries encoding tumor-specific mutations resulted in the identification of mutated kinesin family member 2C (KIF2C) antigen as a target of TIL 2359, and mutated DNA polymerase alpha subunit B (POLA2) antigen as a target of TIL 2591. Both KIF2C and POLA2 have been found to play important roles in cell proliferation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; These findings suggest that the minigene screening approach can facilitate the antigen repertoire analysis of tumor reactive T cells, and lead to the development of new adoptive cell therapies with purified T cells that recognize candidate-mutated antigens derived from genes essential for the carcinogenesis. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 20(13); 3401–10. ©2014 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: Copper Chloride‐Catalyzed and Hydrochloric Acid‐Mediated Chemoselective Protiodestannylations of Alkyl (Z)‐ or (E)‐2,3‐Bis(trimethylstannyl)‐2‐alkenoates. Stereoselective Preparation of Alkyl (E)‐ and (Z)‐3‐Trimethylstannyl‐2‐alkenoates. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (marPOR) is a Suitable Material for the Reconstruction of Orbital Floor Fracture Defects in Human Cadavers (2022)

UHMWPE (marPOR) offers reliable reconstruction of orbital floor fractures combined with good stability, ductility and biocompatibility.