gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
BIIB022, a fully human nonglycosylated γ4P antibody targeting IGF-1R for cancer therapy (2007)

B210 Antibodies targeting human type I insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R) as inhibitors of tumor survival pathway have shown evidence of objective responses in early clinical trials. BIIB022 is a fully human antibody specific to human IGF-1R being developed for the treatment of patients with solid tumors. The Fab of BIIB022 identified from a human antibody phage display library has a binding affinity of 1.3 nM to human IGF-1R and does not bind to the closely related insulin receptor. BIIB022 was constructed as a nonglycosylated version of IgG4.P antibody both devoid of Fc-effector function to eliminate potential Fc mediated toxicity to the normal vital organs that express IGF-1R and with a gamma 1 like hinge region. BIIB022 binds to the N-terminal region of the fibronectin domain (FnIII-1) of IGF-1R and allosterically inhibits IGF-1R interaction with its physiological ligands, IGF-1 and IGF-2. In functional assays, BIIB022 efficiently inhibited both IGF-1 and IGF-2 ligand-mediated signaling through IGF-1R in tumor cells, resulting in inhibition of phosphorylation of IGF-1R, AKT and ERK at nanomolar concentrations. The ability of BIIB022 to inhibit AKT survival pathway was further confirmed in a panel of cell lines of different tumor origins where inhibition was observed in greater than 60% of the cell lines. In a subset of cell lines, BIIB022 also inhibited in vitro tumor cell growth in the presence of serum where the growth sensitivity to BIIB022 correlated with it’s ability to disrupt the interaction of insulin receptor substrate (IRS-1) with p85 regulatory subunit of phosphoinoside 3-kinase. In addition, BIIB022 efficiently down-regulated IGF-1R expression in tumor cells. BIIB022 demonstrated single-agent anti-tumor activity in human pancreatic, lung and breast tumor xenograft models at doses ranging from 3.75 to 60 mg/kg on a once weekly schedule. In a pre-clinical 4-week toxicology study, BIIB022 was well tolerated in cynomolgus macaque at doses up to 50 mg/kg on a weekly schedule. No treatment related microscopic findings or effects on serum glucose levels were observed. The half-life of BIIB022 in cynomolgus macaque was estimated to be 7-10 days, therefore potentially allowing for once every 2 to 3 weeks dosing in human. Overall, BIIB022 exhibits favorable physical and functional properties, demonstrates anti-tumor activity in pre-clinical tumor models and thus warrants evaluation in IGF-1R pathway sensitive tumors in the clinic.
Chromatographic Analyses of Tocopherols and Tocotrienols in Palm Oil (2012)

Analyses of tocols (tocopherols and tocotrienols) in palm oil have been extensively reported in the past. However, due to the scarcity of individual tocotrienol standards, calibrations have mostly been carried out using only α-tocopherol as standard. Moreover, even if the individual tocotrienols are being used, their reliability is often questioned, because tocotrienols are highly susceptible to oxidation and deterioration. This paper reports on the study of the deterioration rate of individual tocotrienol standards upon storage as well as different calibration methods for the tocols in palm oil.
Mapping Quantitative Trait Loci for Anxiety in Chromosome Substitution Strains of Mice (2004)

Anxious behavior in the mouse is a complex quantitative phenotype that varies widely among inbred mouse strains. We examined a panel of chromosome substitution strains bearing individual A/J chromosomes in an otherwise C57BL/6J background in open-field and light-dark transition tests. Our results confirmed previous reports of quantitative trait loci (QTL) on chromosomes 1, 4, and 15 and identified novel loci on chromosomes 6 and 17. The studies were replicated in two separate laboratories. Systematic differences in the overall activity level were found between the two facilities, but the presence of the QTL was confirmed in both laboratories. We also identified specific effects on open-field defecation and center avoidance and distinguished them from overall open-field activity.
Advanced F 2 lasers for microlithography (2000)

According to the SIA-Roadmap, the 157 nm wavelength of the F<SUB>2</SUB> laser emission will be used for chip production with critical dimensions of 100 nm down tot eh 70 nm node. Currently al basic technologies for 157 nm lithography are under investigation and development at material suppliers, coating manufacturers, laser suppliers, lens and tool manufacturers, mask houses, pellicle manufacturers, and resist suppliers.
Workshop on imaging science development for cancer prevention and preemption (2006)

The concept of intraepithelial neoplasm (IEN) as a near-obligate precursor of cancers has generated opportunities to examine drug or device intervention strategies that may reverse or retard the sometimes lengthy process of carcinogenesis. Chemopreventive agents with high therapeutic indices, well-monitored for efficacy and safety, are greatly needed, as is development of less invasive or minimally disruptive visualization and assessment methods to safely screen nominally healthy but at-risk patients, often for extended periods of time and at repeated intervals. Imaging devices, alone or in combination with anticancer drugs, may also provide novel interventions to treat or prevent precancer.
The telomere length landscape of prostate cancer (2021)

Replicative immortality is a hallmark of cancer, and can be achieved through telomere lengthening and maintenance. Although the role of telomere length in cancer has been well studied, its association to genomic features is less well known. Here, we report the telomere lengths of 392 localized prostate cancer tumours and characterize their relationship to genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic features. Shorter tumour telomere lengths are associated with elevated genomic instability, including single-nucleotide variants, indels and structural variants. Genes involved in cell proliferation and signaling are correlated with tumour telomere length at all levels of the central dogma. Telomere length is also associated with multiple clinical features of a tumour. Longer telomere lengths in non-tumour samples are associated with a lower rate of biochemical relapse. In summary, we describe the multi-level integration of telomere length, genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics in localized prostate cancer.
An overview of time-reversed acoustics (2001)

Time-reversal invariance is a very powerful concept in classical and quantum mechanics. In the field of acoustics, where time-reversal invariance also occurs, time-reversal experiments may be achieved simply with arrays of transmit–receive transducers, allowing an incident acoustic field to be sampled, recorded, time-reversed, and re-emitted. The time-reversal mirrors (TRMs) are innovative tools in the field of fundamental physics. They may be used to study random media, multiple scattering processes, chaotic scattering, inverse scattering problems, dissipation effects, and diffraction limits. They open the way to new signal processing. An overview of these fields will be presented. Applications of TRMs will also be described, including underwater acoustics, medical applications, telecommunications, as well as nondestructive testing.
Digital-to-Analog Converters Using Frequency Interleaving: Mathematical Framework and Experimental Verification (2018)

The concept of frequency interleaving (FI) for digital-to-analog converters (DACs) has recently experienced renewed interest, in order to overcome the DACs’ bandwidth limitations. In this concept, the output signals of multiple DACs are interleaved in the frequency domain in order to generate a combined output signal that exceeds both the sampling rate and the bandwidth of a single DAC. In this paper, a mathematical framework for FI-DACs with a large number of DACs is presented and the inherent interdependencies between sampling rate, the number of samples, LO frequencies, symbol rate and analog frequency responses are highlighted. A mathematical expression for the distribution of data samples among the DACs is presented, taking into account bandwidth limitations of the analog components as well as guard bands to mitigate cross talk. In order to balance the FI-DAC’s parameters a mathematical optimization approach is introduced and illustrated with examples. Both simulation and experimental results validate the FI-DAC concept, and an outlook on implementation issues completes this paper.
Mutual coupling effect of antenna array communications systems for portable medical devices (2009)

With the advancement made in low power BSN (Body Sensor Network) technology, wearable and portable biomedical devices are fast emerging as the next generation healthcare monitoring and/or medical diagnostic tools. For effective real time healthcare monitoring and/or telemedicine applications, the wearable or portable devices have to be equipped with transceiver electronics to facilitate data transfer between the medical devices and the user (e.g. doctors). One crucial design of such electronics is to have a robust and small communications system. It is well known that antenna array communication systems are capable of providing a high capacity in a mobile environment. However, the use of such systems for the biomedical applications described above leads to mutual coupling effect. This paper investigates the mutual coupling effect and its effect on system capacity. An expression to describe the effect of mutual coupling for channel capacity in wideband antenna array system is derived. Simulation result shows the impact of coupling effect on channel capacity in the wideband antenna array system.
Controlling Intracellular Machinery via Polymer Pen Lithography Molecular Patterning (2022)

The plasma membrane and the actomyosin cytoskeleton play key roles in controlling how cells sense and interact with their surrounding environment. Myosin, a force-generating actin network-associated protein, is a major regulator of plasma membrane tension, which helps control endocytosis. Despite the important link between plasma membranes and actomyosin (the actin-myosin complex), little is known about how the actomyosin arrangement regulates endocytosis. Here, nanoscopic ligand arrangements defined by polymer pen lithography (PPL) are used to control actomyosin contractility and examine cell uptake. Confocal microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and flow cytometry suggest that the cytoskeletal tension imposed by the nanoscopic ligand arrangement can actively regulate cellular uptake through clathrin- and caveolin-mediated pathways. Specifically, ligand arrangements that increase cytoskeletal tension tend to reduce the cellular uptakes of cholera toxin (CTX) and spherical nucleic acids (SNAs) by regulating endocytic budding and limiting the formation of clathrin- and caveolae-coated pits. Collectively, this work demonstrates how the cell endocytic fate is regulated by actomyosin mechanical forces, which can be tuned by subcellular cues defined by PPL.
Endogenous presentation of a nuclear antigen on MHC class II by autophagy in the absence of CRM1‐mediated nuclear export (2008)

Accumulating evidence suggests that intracellular antigens are endogenously presented on MHC class II, but it is still unknown whether antigens within different subcellular compartments are presented with similar efficiency, and via the same or different pathways. We have previously shown that endogenous MHC class II presentation of the cytosolic bacterial antigen neomycin phosphotransferase II (NeoR) is mediated by autophagy. Here, we addressed whether secluding NeoR from this cytoplasmic pathway by directing the protein into the cell nucleus (NucNeoR) would affect antigen presentation. Unexpectedly, NucNeoR was presented at least as efficiently as the cytosolic version of the antigen. Furthermore, presentation of NucNeoR was also dependent on autophagocytosis and lysosomal processing, indicating that both antigens were presented via the same pathway. Inhibition of CRM1-mediated nuclear export did not impede antigen presentation, indicating that NucNeoR gained access to this autophagy-dependent MHC class II presentation pathway by a CRM1-independent route. Thus, this endogenous presentation pathway broadens the spectrum of intracellular antigens surveyed by CD4(+) T cells by efficiently sampling cytoplasmic as well as nuclear antigens.
Abstract 371: Assessment of Catheter Position Above or Below the Aortic Valve by Evaluation of Characteristics of the Local Electro Gram: an Acute Canine Study (2017)

Background: Ablation in the sinuses of Valsalva (SoV) within the aorta is fraught with risk, owing to the proximity of the coronary arteries. Assessment of catheter tip position is not very easy at this location owing to complex local anatomy and poor images from available modalities. Objectives: We propose the use of novel local unipolar electrogram characteristics using a new signal recording system to guide the assessment of catheter tip position in this region. Methods: We recorded unipolar signals from above the SoV, within the coronaries and below the SoV using the PURE-EP™ (BioSig Technologies, MN) signal processing system in 4 anesthetized canines in the setting of an acute study. We used fluoroscopy, intracardiac echocardiography and angiography for confirmation of the position of the catheter tip. We recorded changes in the signals when transitioning between (1) the coronary arteries and the SoV and (2) the SoV and below the SoV. Results: The unipolar signal showed a negative current of injury (COI) when the catheter tip was present in the SoV, whereas within the coronary artery or below the SoV, the COI was positive. We propose that the difference in the distribution of ventricular muscle below and above the SoV is responsible for this phenomenon. These changes in the COI were noted immediately when transitioning from one location to another and were present reproducibly in all the dogs. ( Figure 1 ) Conclusions: Analysis of the changes on the local electrogram can provide information about the location of the catheter tip which could prove critical in saving lives.
The role of capsule endoscopy in assessing mucosal inflammation in ulcerative colitis (2014)

Assessment of mucosal inflammation is important in the management of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). Colon capsule endoscopy (CCE) has recently been shown to be effective in colorectal polyp detection. However, its role in the evaluation of mucosal inflammation in UC is unclear. This systematic review aims to clarify the state of the art with an evidence-based summary of current studies on the utility of CCE in UC. The overall results show that the accuracy of CCE for assessment of mucosal inflammation in UC appeared to be comparable with that of colonoscopy. Long-term follow-up studies with larger sample size are needed to further validate the utility of CCE in the management of UC subjects in clinical practice.
III-V/Silicon Photonics: Technology and Integrated Devices (2008)

III-V/Silicon photonics comprises the heterogeneous integration of a III-V layer on top of an SOI waveguide circuit. We elaborate on the bonding technology used and on the fabrication of III-V/Silicon integrated circuits.
Mid-IR broadly tunable cw and ultrafast lasers sources based on Cr and Fe doped chalcogenides, subharmonic OPOs and potential quantum cascade: Fe:II-VI hybrid platforms (Conference Presentation) (2018)

II-VI binary and ternary chalcogenides (e.g. ZnS, ZnSe; CdZnTe, ) doped with transition metal (TM) ions such as Cr, and Fe are arguably the materials of choice for effective mid-IR lasers potentially covering 1.8-9 µm spectral range. This talk summarizes progress in Cr:ZnS/Se and Fe:ZnSe laser systems, enabling a wide range of tunability (1.8-5.0µm) with output power levels of up to 140 W, as well as Fe doped ternary chalcogenides with tunability potentially extended up to 9 um. TM:II-VI media feature a unique combination of superb ultra-fast laser capabilities with high nonlinearity enabling exceptional output characteristics of polycrystalline Cr:ZnS/Se oscillators in Kerr-Lens-Mode-Locked (KLM) regime over 2-2.6 um and effective up and down conversion of fs pulses via random phase matching (RFM). Extension of mid-IR spectral coverage to 3-8 um is demonstrated by Cr:ZnS KLM laser pumped subharmonic parametric oscillators (OPOs) based on quasi-phase matching in OP-GaAs, and RFM in polycrystalline ZnSe. Fe:II-VI semiconductors are complimentary to Cr doped compounds and 3-8 um KLM ultrafast oscillators based on Fe doped chalcogenides are feasible. Another important feature of Fe:II-VI media is excellent energy storage capability at 77-200K (~60 µs luminescence life time) enabling efficient Q-switched regime and high energy amplification of ns and ultrafast pulses. One of the major problems in the development of CW, gain switched, Q-switched and KLM ultrafast Fe:II-VI lasers was the absence of convenient pump sources overlapping with absorption band (2.7-4.5 um) of Fe: gain media. Potential utilization of Quantum Cascade Lasers (QCL) as pump sources of Fe:II-VI lasers will be discussed in the form QCL-solid state laser hybrid platforms as well as Fe doped active layers integrated in QCL structures.
A Novel Battery Charger for Automotive Applications (2007)

In this paper, a new power electronics topology and battery charging method is introduced. The topology is based on a bidirectional isolated Cuk converter. The charging method provides positive and negative current and resting periods. This charging method results in less generated heat and longer battery life cycle. During charging cycle, constant current is applied to the battery from the source. In discharging cycle, which is a small fraction of full period, the battery is discharged with constant current and the energy storage capacitor is charged. In resting period, no current is applied to help with the electromechanical reaction and neutralization of the battery's internal electrolyte. Different operating modes of the system and its small signal analysis are presented in this paper. Simulation and test results are also provided to validate the mathematical analysis.
GPS Radio Occultation and Mission Results from FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC Spacecraft Constellation (2007)

The FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC spacecraft constellation consisting of six LEO satellites is the world's first operational GPS radio occultation mission. The mission is jointly developed by Taiwan's National Space Organization (NSPO) and United States' UCAR in collaboration with NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory and Naval Research Laboratory. The FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC mission was successfully launched from Vandenberg on April 15, 2006 into the same orbit plane of the designated 516 km circular parking orbit altitude. All six FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC satellites are maintained in the good state of health and are on their way toward the final constellation of six separate orbit planes with 30-degree separations. Three out of six satellites have reached their final mission orbit of 800 km by the middle of February 2007. The FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC has processed over 2500 good ionospheric sounding profiles and 1800 good atmospheric sounding profiles (-900 mostly above the land mass) per day which has over the number of worldwide radiosondes launched per day. The atmospheric radio soundings data are assimilated into the Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models for realtime weather prediction and typhoon/hurricane forecast. This paper describes the mission overview; the space and ground segment architecture; the operations challenges encountered during the constellation deployment phase; and the state-of-the-art achievements and mission results of the FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC that affect the RO data retrievals. The ultimate success of a real-time operation of the FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC mission in the final constellation formation can be anticipated.
Multiple Regions of Yeast Ribosomal Protein L1 Are Important for Its Interaction with 5 S rRNA and Assembly into Ribosomes (1995)

Yeast ribosomal protein L1 binds to 5 S rRNA and can be released from 60 S ribosomal subunits as an intact ribonucleoprotein particle. To identify residues important for binding of Saccharomyces cerevisiae rpL1 to 5 S rRNA and assembly into functional ribosomes, we have isolated mutant alleles of the yeast RPL1 gene by site-directed and random mutagenesis. The rpl1 mutants were assayed for association of rpL1 with 5 S rRNA in vivo and in vitro and assembly of rpL1 into functional 60 S ribosomal subunits. Consistent with previous data implicating the importance of the carboxyl-terminal 47 amino acids of rpL1 for binding to 5 S rRNA in vitro, we find that deletion of the carboxyl-terminal 8, 25, or 44 amino acids of rpL1 confers lethality in vivo. Missense mutations elsewhere in rpL1 also affect its function, indicating that multiple regions of rpL1 are important for its association with 5 S rRNA and assembly into ribosomes.
Heteroatom Analogues of Aldehydes and Ketones (2004)

Science of Synthesis: Houben-Weyl Methods of Molecular Transformations is the entirely new edition of the acclaimed reference series Houben-Weyl, the standard synthetic chemistry resource since 1909. This new edition is published in English and will comprise 48 volumes published between the years 2000 and 2008. Science of Synthesis is a quality reference work developed by a highly esteemed editorial board to provide a comprehensive and critical selection of reliable organic and organometallic synthetic methods. This unique resource is designed to be the first point of reference when searching for a synthesis strategy. Features: * Contains the expertise of presently 400 leading chemists worldwide. * Critically evaluates the preparative applicability and significance of the synthetic methods. * Discusses relevant background information and provides detailed experimental procedures For full information on the Science of Synthesis series, visit the Science of Synthesis Homepage Series Editors: D. Bellus, S. V. Ley, R. Noyori, M. Regitz, E. Schaumann, I. Shinkai, E. J. Thomas, B. M. Trost, P. J. Reider</p
Frequency-Agile SIW-Based Filtenna Using Evanescent-Mode Cavity Resonators (2023)

A miniaturized second-order tunable filtenna using substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) technology is presented in this letter. The coupled-resonator theory for bandpass filter synthesis is applied to combine high- <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Q$</tex-math></inline-formula> evanescent-mode (EVA-mode) cavity resonators with a radiating slot antenna into a second-order filtenna unit. External long-range linear actuators are deployed to achieve frequency reconfiguration. The capacitive loading of the resonator is varied by changing the critical gap size between the posttop and tuning disc of the EVA-mode cavity. Using a contactless capacitive tuning scheme, the filtenna's center frequency is varied from 2 to 2.6 GHz (26%). The manufactured filtenna prototype exhibits a realized gain ranging from 2.7 to 5.2 dB across its tuning range. In addition to maintaining a compact module, the filtenna also achieves higher out-of-band radiation suppression due to the integrated filtering capability. To the best of authors' knowledge, the proposed filtenna is the first tunable cavity-based SIW filtenna presented in the literature with complete experimental validation.