gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human–mouse cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) chimeras identify regions that partially rescue CFTR-ΔF508 processing and alter its gating defect (2011)

The ΔF508 mutation in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene is the most common cause of cystic fibrosis. The mutation disrupts biosynthetic processing, reduces channel opening rate, and decreases protein lifetime. In contrast to human CFTR (hCFTR)-ΔF508, mouse CFTR-ΔF508 is partially processed to the cell surface, although it exhibits a functional defect similar to hCFTR-ΔF508. To explore ΔF508 abnormalities, we generated human-mouse chimeric channels. Substituting mouse nucleotide-binding domain-1 (mNBD1) into hCFTR partially rescued the ΔF508-induced maturation defect, and substituting mouse membrane-spanning domain-2 or its intracellular loops (ICLs) into hCFTR prevented further ΔF508-induced gating defects. The protective effect of the mouse ICLs was reverted by inserting mouse NBDs. Our results indicate that the ΔF508 mutation affects maturation and gating via distinct regions of the protein; maturation of CFTR-ΔF508 depends on NBD1, and the ΔF508-induced gating defect depends on the interaction between the membrane-spanning domain-2 ICLs and the NBDs. These appear to be distinct processes, because none of the chimeras repaired both defects. This distinction was exemplified by the I539T mutation, which improved CFTR-ΔF508 processing but worsened the gating defect. Our results, together with previous studies, suggest that many different NBD1 modifications improve CFTR-ΔF508 maturation and that the effect of modifications can be additive. Thus, it might be possible to enhance processing by targeting several different regions of the domain or by targeting a network of CFTR-associated proteins. Because no one modification corrected both maturation and gating, perhaps more than a single agent will be required to correct all CFTR-ΔF508 defects.
BGP Security State Diagnostic Message (2011)

This document describes an extension to the BGP Diagnostic Message to
communicate the security state of a route. An application of this
extension is to propagate information about non-secure advertisements
back to the eBGP peer from where the information was received.
Coexistence Scenarios in 5G: Outdoor-Outdoor and Outdoor-Indoor Networks (2022)

Nowadays, frequency resources are becoming scarce and limited for mobile communication. One of the common target of the standardization organization is to improve the spectrum efficiency; therefore, there are several types of systems coexisting in most parts of the world. Coexistence scenario happens when two or more networks or users in geographical proximity have access to the same band, so the operation of one network may disturb the operation of the other, even though thanks to the applied coexistence scheme, they do not jeopardize the performance of another. The frequency spectrum allocation and rational system deployment are considered for analyzing the coexistence system interference. In this paper, first, we present the primary coexistence issues in 5G, then we bring the simulation results of outdoor aggressor-outdoor victim networks and outdoor aggressor-indoor victim networks operating in the adjacent bands which, in general, helps design the coexistence scenarios.
Intraoperative Mulitplanar Alignment System to Guide Triplanar Correction of Hallux Valgus Deformity (2017)

Hallux valgus surgery or “bunion surgery” is one of the most common surgical procedures for the foot and ankle surgeon. As we continue to gain understanding of this complex deformity, it has become clear that our understanding may be incomplete. The Lapidus procedure was described over 80 years ago and still offers many challenges. Often the choice of a Lapidus procedure is not considered due to the complexity or perceived complications. As the traditional Lapidus procedure relied on multiple freehand steps that can be fraught with error, it was often relegated to be used as a last resort. As our understanding of the hallux valgus deformity has grown it is becoming clear that the anatomic Center of Rotation of Angulation of the deformity may lie at the tarsometatarsal joint. There is also the component of the 3-dimensional nature of the deformity that may be best addressed at this anatomic Center of Rotation of Angulation. With those issues in mind, it was necessary to address the shortcomings of the traditional Lapidus procedure and progress toward more consistent, instrumented steps that could address the 3-dimensional nature of the deformity. Level of Evidence: Level IV—Technique presentation.
Intracellular Aggregation of Multimodal Silica Nanoparticles for Ultrasound-Guided Stem Cell Implantation (2013)

The promises of cardiac stem cell therapy have yet to be fully realized, in part because of poor survival and engraftment efficacy of implanted cells. Cells die after implantation owing to ischemia, inflammation, immune response, as well as mis-injection or implantation into fibrotic tissue. Imaging tools can help implant cells in areas of the heart most receptive to stem cell therapy and monitor the efficacy of treatment by reporting the viability, location, and number of implanted stem cells. We describe a multimodal, silica-based nanoparticle that can be used for cell sorting (fluorescence), real-time guided cell implantation ultrasound, and high-resolution, long-term monitoring by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The nanoparticle agent increased the ultrasound and MRI contrast of labeled human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) 700 and 200% versus unlabeled cells, respectively, and allowed cell imaging in animal models for 13 days after implantation. The agent had no significant impact on hMSC cell metabolic activity, proliferation, or pluripotency, and it increased the production of many paracrine factors implicated in cardiac repair. Electron microscopy and ultrasound imaging suggest that the mechanism of action is in vivo aggregation of the 300-nm silica nanoparticles into larger silica frameworks that amplify the ultrasound backscatter. The detection limit in cardiac tissue was 250,000 hMSCs via MRI and 70,000 via ultrasound. This ultrasound-guided cell delivery and multimodal optical/ultrasound/MRI intracardiac cell-tracking platform could improve cell therapy in the clinic by minimizing misdelivery or implantation into fibrotic tissue.
[Effect of new peptide bioregulators livagen and epitalon on enkephalin-degrading enzymes in human serum]. (2003)

The effect of new peptide bioregulators--Livagen (Lys-Glu-Asp-Ala) and Epitalon (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly)--on endogenous opioid system was studied, particularly, their ability to change the activity of enkephalin-degrading enzymes from serum and interact with opioid receptors of the brain membrane fraction. Enkephalinase activity was assayed in vitro by the rate of 3H-Leu-enkephalin hydrolysis in the presence of the tested peptides. Livagen and Epitalon inhibited enkephalin-degrading enzymes from human serum. Livagen proved to be more efficient also as compared to well-known peptidase inhibitors such as puromycin, leupeptin, and D-PAM. The dose-inhibitory effect curves for Livagen and Epitalon were plotted; their IC50 equaled 20 and 500 microM, respectively. The interaction between the peptides and opioid receptors was estimated using a radioreceptor method with [3H][D-Ala2, D-Leu5]-enkephalin. No interaction was observed between the tested peptides and mu- or delta-opioid receptors of the membrane fraction from the rat brain.
Radiation-Tolerant Deep Learning Processor Unit (DPU)-Based Platform Using Xilinx 20-nm Kintex UltraScale FPGA (2022)

This article presents a platform and design appr- oach for enabling radiation-tolerant deep learning acceleration on static random access memory (SRAM)-based 20-nm Kintex UltraScale field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), for terrestrial and high-radiation environments. The presented platform is suitable for deep neural network (DNN) implementations with an emphasis on image classification and includes the solutions to mitigate both radiation-induced single-event functional interrupts (SEFIs) and network datapath corruptions. The radiation-tolerant deep learning platform combines Xilinx’s deep learning processing unit (DPU) IP, triple modular redundancy (TMR) MicroBlaze soft processor IP, and soft error mitigation (SEM)-IP to mitigate SEFIs. Furthermore, a technique known as fault aware training (FAT) was applied to effectively mitigate single-event effects in the datapath. Test results from a high-energy proton beam ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$&gt;$ </tex-math></inline-formula> 60 MeV) experiment using the ResNet-18 convolutional neural network (CNN) for image classification are presented. The single-event upset (SEU) rate, system-level SEFI rate, and neural network classification/datapath performance are compared between the radiation-tolerant platform and a standard, nonmitigated approach. Results show that datapath classification errors dominate the system response (90%) versus SEFIs (10%). When compared to standard nonmitigated training techniques, the radiation-tolerant platform using FAT methods shows dramatic improvements in overall system response: the overall single-event cross Section was reduced by half and 40% reduction in misclassification errors was observed. Also, datapath events with classification accuracy degradation larger than 5% were completely mitigated. The SEFI rate was reduced by <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$100\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> with implemented solutions and can be further reduced by optimizing the physical separation between TMR modules.
Explanation of anomalous base regions in transistors (1973)

The recent experimental results of Ziegler, Cole, and Baglin showed that in sequentially diffused boron-arsenic npn silicon transistors, an unexplained depletion of boron occurs near the emitter-base junction. This depletion effect could have an appreciable influence on transistor characteristics. A quantitative explanation is shown to exist, based upon the retarded base diffusion theory of Fair. The full-profile experimental results of Ziegler et al. are shown to be accurately described by solutions to the coupled As–B diffusion equations when the junction electric field effect and the vacancy undersaturation condition created by VsiAs2 complex formation are taken into account.
Artificial Intelligence–Enabled Assessment of the Heart Rate Corrected QT Interval Using a Mobile Electrocardiogram Device (2021)

Using smartphone-enabled electrodes, an AI DNN can predict accurately the QTc of a standard 12-lead ECG. QTc estimation from an AI-enabled mECG device may provide a cost-effective means of screening for both acquired and congenital long QT syndrome in a variety of clinical settings where standard 12-lead electrocardiography is not accessible or cost-effective.
Measurement of ZZ production in the ℓℓνν final state with the ATLAS detector in pp collisions at $$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 13 TeV (2019)

A bstract This paper presents a measurement of ZZ production with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The measurement is carried out in the final state with two charged leptons and two neutrinos, using data collected during 2015 and 2016 in pp collisions at $$ \sqrt{s} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msqrt> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> </mml:msqrt> </mml:math> = 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36.1 fb − 1 . The integrated cross-sections in the total and fiducial phase spaces are measured with an uncertainty of 7% and compared with Standard Model predictions, and differential measurements in the fiducial phase space are reported. No significant deviations from the Standard Model predictions are observed, and stringent constraints are placed on anomalous couplings corresponding to neutral triple gauge-boson interactions.
Comparison of Receive Signal Level Measurement Techniques in GSM Cellular Networks (2008)

The received signal level (RSL) is one of the fundamental measurements performed in cellular system operation and maintenance. Network RF optimization, coverage verification, and quality of service estimation rely on RSL measurements collected from the field using one of commercially available drive testing systems. This paper presents a comparative study of a series of RSL measurements in the GSM 1900 MHz frequency band. The measurements were collected with three different drive test systems used in common engineering practice. Data analysis shows significant difference between the measurement systems. The differences were observed both in the size of the area from which the measurements may be collected as well as in the actual measured values. Computer simulation and theoretical analysis were used to verify the result of the measurements and extrapolate their validity to a set of more general cases.
Instrumental Analysis in Environmental Chemistry-Liquid and Solid Phase Detection Systems (1974)

dealing with analytical methods applicable to environmental chemistry. The methods have been separated and discussed according to the ultimate state of the analyte during instrumental detection-whether gas, liquid, or solid. The first paper covered detection in the gas phase (Stedman and Meyers 1974). This paper discusses methods which depend upon detection in the liquid or solid phase. Thus, according to our somewhat arbitrary separation, methods which analyze solids or liquids after vaporizing them, such as gas chromatography or mass spectrometry, are not included in the present review. For procedures of this type and for listings of selected books and scientific periodicals pertaining to analytical chemistry, the reader is referred to the earlier paper. Several additional journals which describe advances specifically related to environmental analysis include:
Fabrication and Evaluation of Characteristics of A Micro Manipulator Using ECF jet (2004)

Electro-Conjugate Fluid (ECF) is a kind of dielectric fluids and a kind of functional fluids, which produces jet-flow(ECF-jet) by applying high voltage between electrodes. In addition, a strong ECF-jet is generated under ununiform electric field. Therefore, in this study, a pair of needle-type and ring-type electrodes (needle-ring pair) is used for generating ECF-jet. It is ascertained that the pressure due to ECF jet from needle-ring pair is increased by miniaturizing dimensions of the electrodes. The characteristics are suitable for micro manipulator. Therefore, the purpose of this study is the realization of novel micro manipulators using ECF-jet. In this paper, first, characteristics of ECF-jet from needle-ring pair are experimentally investigated. Second, a novel micro manipulator which is actuated by the same principle as well-known Bourdon tubes is fabricated. Third, static characteristics of the micro manipulator is experimentally investigated. Finally, another type micro manipularor, finger-type ECF micro manipulator is fabricated. Future works are fabrication and investigation of a microhand constructed with more than three finger-type ECF micro manipulators.
Wireless Broadcast with Network Coding in Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks: DRAGONCAST (2008)

Network coding is a recently proposed method for transmitting data, which has been shown to have potential to improve wireless network performance. We study network coding for one specific case of multicast, broadcasting, from one source to all nodes of the network. We use network coding as a loss tolerant, energy-efficient, method for broadcast. Our emphasis is on mobile networks. Our contribution is the proposal of DRAGONCAST, a protocol to perform network coding in such a dynamically evolving environment. It is based on three building blocks: a method to permit real-time decoding of network coding, a method to adjust the network coding transmission rates, and a method for ensuring the termination of the broadcast. The performance and behavior of the method are explored experimentally by simulations; they illustrate the excellent performance of the protocol.
Evaluation of materials and surface treatments for the DWPF melter pour spout bellows protective liner (1997)

A study was undertaken to evaluate a variety of materials and coatings for the DWPF pour spout bellows liner. The intent was to identify materials that would minimize or eliminate adherence of glass on the bellows liner wall and help minimize possible pluggage during glass pouring operations in DWPF. Glass has been observed adhering to the current bellow`s liner, which is made of 304L stainless steel. Materials were identified which successfully allowed molten glass to hit these surfaces and not adhere. Results of this study suggest that if these materials are used in the pouring system glass could still fall into the canister without appreciable plugging, even if an unstable glass stream is produced. The materials should next be evaluated under the most realistic DWPF conditions possible. Other findings of this study include the following: (1) increasing coupon thickness produced a favorable increase in the glass sticking temperature; (2) highly polished surfaces, with the exception of the oxygen-free copper coupon coated with Armoloy dense chromium, did not produce a significant improvement in the glass sticking temperature, increasing angle of contact of the coupon to the falling glass did not yield a significant performance improvement; (3) electroplating with gold and silver and various diffusion coatings did not produce a significant increase in the glass sticking temperature. However, they may provide added oxidation and corrosion resistance for copper and bronze liners. Boron nitride coatings delaminated immediately after contact with the molten glass.
Inorganic nitrogen fertilizers induce changes in ammonium assimilation and gas exchange in Camellia sinensis L. (2015)

Camellia sinensis L. is one of the most economically important crops in the world today. The leaves of this plant are harvested for tea production on a massive scale through a process that requires a large amount of inorganic nitrogen (N). However, knowledge of how inorganic nitrogen regulates the growth physiology of C. sinensis L. remains limited. In order to investigate its effects on gas exchange, N assimilation, and the efficiency of N use in C. sinensis L., we carried out experiments with 4 cultivars (WNZ, YS, ZN139, and LJ43) under 4 different treatments: 1) a control treatment, 2) a treatment fed only with NO_3^--N, 3) a treatment fed only with NH_4^+-N, and 4) a treatment fed with a mixture of NO_3^--N and NH_4^+-N in a 1:1 ratio. We found that the application of N, especially in a mixture, encouraged higher foliar N content per unit area (N_f), which in turn promoted glutamine synthetase (GS) activity and glutamate synthase (GOGAT) activity. Our mixture-fed treatment increased N_f, GS, and GOGAT activity by 26.18%, 110.2%, and 92.21%, respectively, for the WNZ cultivar. The mixed-fed treatment also had the highest net photosynthetic (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), and transpiration (Tr) rates, while the NH_4^+-fed treatment had the highest intercellular CO_2 content (Ci). The mixture-fed and NO_3^--fed applications caused significant increases in photosynthetic N-use efficiency (PNUE), but the NH_4^+-fed application decreased PNUE and water-use efficiency (WUE). Furthermore, we observed that differences among cultivars for some of these parameters were significant due to different N solutions. We found that the YS and LJ43 cultivars showed no significant response to different N applications (excluding control) in key enzyme activity and Pn, respectively, but this was not the case for most of the other parameters. Our study indicates that the mixture-fed application promotes increased foliar N content and ammonium assimilation, which in turn increases photosynthesis rates, suggesting that the mixed-feeding of plants provides optimal conditions to promote the growth of C. sinensis L. for tea cultivation.
Role of NK2 receptors in gastric barosensitivity and in experimental ileus in rats (2001)

This study was performed to evaluate the role of tachykinin NK2 receptors in gastric barosensitivity and in postsurgical intestinal atony, using a selective NK2 antagonist (MEN 11420). Gastric distensions were performed in rats equipped with a gastric balloon and electrodes implanted in the neck muscles. Ileus was produced by laparotomy and caecum palpation in rats previously prepared with electrodes implanted on the proximal jejunum. Fifteen minutes before gastric distension or laparotomy, the animals received MEN 11420 (10, 100 or 200 microg kg-1 intravenously) or saline. The first distending pressure to increase the integrated neck electromyogram > 100% was considered the pain threshold. MEN 11420 (100 microg kg-1) increased significantly pain threshold (20.5 +/- 1.2 vs. 17.0 +/- 0.8 mm Hg) but did not modify gastric volumes at the three doses tested. Abdominal surgery was followed by a total inhibition of jejunal spiking activity lasting 80.4 +/- 18.7 min. MEN 11420 (10 and 100 microg kg-1) shortened the duration of motor inhibition by 36 and 39%, and induced a premature recovery of the phase III of migrating myoelectric complex at the lowest dose tested (130 +/- 32 vs. 192 +/- 28 min). We conclude that NK2 receptors, probably located on afferent fibres, are involved in gastric barosensitivity and in postsurgical intestinal atony.
Multi‐electron transfer process of vanadyl complexes for oxidative polymerization of diphenyl disulfide (1995)

Abstract Oligo(p‐phenylene sulfide) is synthesized by oxidative polymerization of diphenyl disulfide with oxygen catalyzed by vanadyl acetylacetonate under strongly acidic conditions. The mechanistic studies reveal that the redox cycles of the vanadyl complexes give rise to catalysis through a two‐electron transfer between diphenyl disulfide and molecular oxygen. The VO catalysts act as an excellent electron mediator to bridge a 1.0 V potential gap between the oxidation potential of disulfides and the reduction potential of oxygen. The VO‐catalyzed oxygen‐oxidative polymerization provides pure oligo(pphenylene sulfide)s containing an S–S bond. The polymeric product is of low molecular weight due to the insolubility under these conditions. (N,N′‐ethylenebis(salicylideneaminato))oxovanadium‐(IV), VO(salen), was used as an inert model compound to elucidate the redox chemistry of the vanadium complex. VO(salen) reacts with trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (CF 3 SO 3 H) or triphenylmethyl tetrafluoroborate (ϕ 3 C(BF 4 )) to form a deoxygenated complex, V IV (salen) 2+ , and a μ‐oxodinuclear complex, [(salen)VOV(salen)]X 2 , (X = CF 3 SO 3 − or BF 4 − ). The dimerization of VO(salen) is initiated by deoxygenation to produce V(salen) 2+ which enters into an equilibrium with a second VO(salen) complex to produce the μ‐oxo dimer. The two‐electron transfer of the μ‐oxo dinuclear vanadium complex is elucidated.
Methods for Studying Prion Protein (2003)

Prion encephalopathies are neurodegenerative diseases characterized by the accumulation of abnormal isoforms of the prion protein (PrP) and the deposition of PrP amyloid in the central nervous systein (CNS) (1, 2) The diseasespecific PrP molecules are distinguishable froin their normal homologs by their relative resistance to proteinase K digestion (1, 2), they are thought to be derived from protease-sensitive precursors by a posttranslational process that involves a conformational change with a shift from α-helix to β-sheet structure (3–5)