gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
YscU cleavage and the assembly of Yersinia type III secretion machine complexes (2008)

YscU, a component of the Yersinia type III secretion machine, promotes auto-cleavage at asparagine 263 (N263). Mutants with an alanine substitution at yscU codon 263 displayed secretion defects for some substrates (LcrV, YopB and YopD); however, transport of effector proteins into host cells (YopE, YopH, YopM) continued to occur. Two yscU mutations were isolated that, unlike N263A, completely abolished type III secretion; YscU(G127D) promoted auto-cleavage at N263, whereas YscU(G270N) did not. When fused to glutathione S-transferase (Gst), the YscU C-terminal cytoplasmic domain promoted auto-cleavage and Gst-YscU(C) also exerted a dominant-negative phenotype by blocking type III secretion. Gst-YscU(C/N263A) caused a similar blockade and Gst-YscU(C/G270N) reduced secretion. Gst-YscU(C) and Gst-YscU(C/N263A) bound YscL, the regulator of the ATPase YscN, whereas Gst-YscU(C/G270N) did not. When isolated from Yersinia, Gst-YscU(C) and Gst-YscU(C/N263A) associated with YscK-YscL-YscQ; however, Gst-YscU(C/G270N) interacted predominantly with the machine component YscO, but not with YscK-YscL-YscQ. A model is proposed whereby YscU auto-cleavage promotes interaction with YscL and recruitment of ATPase complexes that initiate type III secretion.
WDM Transmission in S-Band Using PPLN-Based Wavelength Converters and 400-Gb/s C-Band Real-Time Transceivers (2022)

We evaluated PPLN-based wavelength converters to achieve S-band transmission using commercial transceivers. The real-time 80-km SSMF transmission of 400-Gb/s signals in S-band was demonstrated by the conversion using them.
Strategies that are Mediated by Tumor Cells (2007)

Despite major advances in understanding the mechanisms leading to tumor immunity, a number of obstacles hinder the successful trans- lation of mechanistic insights into effective tumor immunotherapy. Such obstacles include the ability of tumors to foster a tolerant mi- croenvironment and the activation of a plethora of immunosuppres- sive mechanisms, which may act in concert to counteract effective immune responses. Here we discuss different strategies employed by tumors to thwart immune responses, including tumor-induced im- pairment of antigen presentation, the activation of negative costim- ulatory signals, and the elaboration of immunosuppressive factors. In addition, we underscore the influence of regulatory cell popula- tions that may contribute to this immunosuppressive network; these include regulatory T cells, natural killer T cells, and distinct sub- sets of immature and mature dendritic cells. The current wealth of preclinical information promises a future scenario in which the synchronized blockade of immunosuppressive mechanisms may be effective in combination with other conventional strategies to over- come immunological tolerance and promote tumor regression.
Shear degradation of vinylidene chloride copolymers (1994)

Abstract Thermally induced dehydrochlorination is a well‐established and prominent degradation mode for vinylidene chloride copolymers. During extrusion, other processes may represent significant degradation pathways. Under shear in air, both oxidative chain‐scission and cross‐linking are prominent processes for both vinylidene chloride/vinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride/methyl acrylate copolymers. Both processes are dependent upon shear rate and temperature. The shear‐stress dependency can be modeled by a kinetic expression that incorporates shear stress into the Arrhenius preexponential factor. Vinylidene chloride/methyl acrylate copolymers appear to be somewhat more susceptible to oxidative chain‐scission than are comparable vinylidene chloride/vinyl chloride copolymers, presumably because of a rapid oxidative attack at exposed methyl acrylate units. Shear‐induced degradation of these materials in air is characterized by early predominant chain‐scission with cross‐linking assuming a greater importance as a function of time. Degradation under shear in a nonoxidative environment is a much simpler process—oxidative chain‐scission is suppressed and cross‐linking is very similar to that observed in air. © 1994 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Ventriculostomies without dressings: Low infection rates but room for quality improvement (2015)

Objective Ventriculostomies are common procedures for patients with severe neurologic insults including trauma, aneurysmal rupture, tumor, infection or following an operation. Infection secondary to a ventriculostomy, meningitis or ventriculitis, carries a high morbidity and mortality. Insertion practices and maintenance of these interventions was evaluated. Methods A retrospective review was completed of patients receiving ventriculostomies at a single institution from October 2007 through September 2013. Basic patient demographics, methods of insertion and presence of infection were collected and analyzed. Results The mean of age of patients receiving ventriculostomies was 49 years of age and the most common indications for insertion were trauma, infection and nontraumatic intracranial hemorrhage (aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), hemorrhagic stroke, arteriovenous malformation (AVM)). External ventricular drains (EVDs) were inserted after minimal hair removal at the time of procedure, tunneling following procedure and securement of EVDs with suture at exit of skin and remainder of drain stapled to scalp without additional dressing applied. The infection rate using this practice was 5.1%. Conclusion Ventriculostomies with minimal hair removal and no dressing have equivalent infection rates with the most recent published national average.
Gene Amplification in Tumor Cells: Developed De Novo or Adopted from Stem Cells (2022)

Gene amplifications have been known for several decades as physiological processes in amphibian and flies, e.g., during eggshell development in <i>Drosophila</i> and as part of pathological processes in humans, specifically in tumors and drug-resistant cells. The long-held belief that a physiological gene amplification does not occur in humans was, however, fundamental questioned by findings that showed gene amplification in human stem cells. We hypothesis that the physiological and the pathological, i.e., tumor associated processes of gene amplification share at their beginning the same underlying mechanism. Re-replication was reported both in the context of tumor related genome instability and during restricted time windows in <i>Drosophila</i> development causing the known developmental gene amplification in <i>Drosophila</i>. There is also growing evidence that gene amplification and re-replication were present in human stem cells. It appears likely that stem cells utilize a re-replication mechanism that has been developed early in evolution as a powerful tool to increase gene copy numbers very efficiently. Here, we show that, several decades ago, there was already evidence of gene amplification in non-tumor mammalian cells, but that was not recognized at the time and interpreted accordingly. We give an overview on gene amplifications during normal mammalian development, the possible mechanism that enable gene amplification and hypothesize how tumors adopted this capability for gene amplification.
Characterization of scattering object with the decomposition of the time-reversal operator: Theory and experiment (2004)

The decomposition of the time-reversal operator provides information on the scattering medium. It has been shown [Chambers, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 109, (2001)] that a small spherical scatterer is in general associated with four eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the time-reversal operator. In this paper, the 2D problem of scattering by a cylinder measured by a linear array of transducers is considered. Experimental results are obtained for wires of different diameters and different materials. It is shown how the singular-value distribution and the singular vectors depend on the elastic wave speeds cL, cT, the density and the radius of each wire. These results offer a new perspective towards solution of the inverse problem by determining more than scattering contrast using conventional array processing like that used in medical ultrasonic imaging.
Studies of Complement Activation in ARDS Patients Treated by Long-Term Extracorporeal CO2 Removal (1985)

To investigate the role of complement activation in the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and in the complications of extracorporeal circulation (ECC), several parameters (CH50, C3 split products, C3a, C5a, PMN aggregating activity, carboxypeptidase activity) of the complement profiles of 23 ARDS patients were measured. Twenty patients were treated by long-term extracorporeal support. Before connection to ECC, marked leukocytosis (18,250 +/- 5,950) and significantly high plasma C3a levels (p less than 0.005) were observed. After connection, C3a levels increased further, up to values eight times higher than the basal ones. The WBC count transiently decreased to 41% of prebypass levels after 15 minutes of ECC. At the same time C3 split products appeared and PMN aggregating activity was shown in 52% of the patients. C5a levels remained normal during bypass, even in two samples in which PMN aggregating activity was detected. Later decreases in CH50 titers (p less than 0.001) and carboxypeptidase activity (p less than 0.005) were observed. Complement activation was no longer evident after the 24th hour of bypass. We conclude that there is a low-degree complement activation in ARDS, and ECC is a further strong stimulus for complement activation. This phenomenon appears, however, to be self-limited.
Selected‐ion accumulation from an external electrospray ionization source with a fourier‐transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer (1993)

Abstract The coupling of an electrospray ionization (ESI) source to a Fourier‐transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectrometer provides a facility for the high resolution, accurate mass analysis of large biopolymers. Typically the m/z range of the electrosprayed ions injected and trapped in the FTICR cell is between m/z 500 and 2500 (but can vary considerably with solution conditions). Recent reports on quadrupole excitation have demonstrated the ability to cool the magnetron motion of ions trapped in the FTICR mass spectrometer cell by converting this motion to cyclotron motion which, under appropriate pressure conditions, damps readily to the center of the cell. The use of a broadband waveform (swept frequency or stored waveform inverse Fourier‐transform) for the quadrupole cooling pulse was shown to provide cooling of a wide range of m/z ions, while implementation of a single frequency demonstrated a much narrower m/z response. This report demonstrates the successful combination of single‐frequency quadrupole cooling with external injection of electrosprayed ions into an FTICR mass spectrometer for m/z selected‐ion accumulation. This capability is particularly significant with electrospray ionization since it allows ions of only one charge state to be accumulated in the cell, and greatly increases the potential dynamic range of ESI‐FTICR.
Novel Tandem Aldol Intramolecular Cyclization of SubstitutedN-Benzylpiperidine-4-one: Synthesis of Novel-Type Nitrogen 2,8-Phenanthroline Heterocycles (2014)

A new sub-type of the intramolecular aldol cyclization reaction has been discovered and characterized. It was used to synthesize novel family of tricyclic, decahydro-2,8-phenanthroline heterocyclic systems, and NMR techniques were applied for complete characterization of their complex structures.
Improved synthesis of cyclamphosphine oxide, a potential bidentate asymmetric ligand. Synthesis and characterization of some of its rhodium complexes. Molecular and crystal structure of (cyclamphosphine oxide)dicarbonylchlororhodium(I) (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTImproved synthesis of cyclamphosphine oxide, a potential bidentate asymmetric ligand. Synthesis and characterization of some of its rhodium complexes. Molecular and crystal structure of (cyclamphosphine oxide)dicarbonylchlororhodium(I)Frederic Bouvier, Jean Marc Dupart, Andre Grand, and Jean G. RiessCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1987, 26, 13, 2090–2093Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00260a016https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00260a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views67Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Site-Specific Deposition of Au Nanoparticles in CNT Films by Chemical Bonding (2010)

There has been no attempt to date to specifically modify the nodes in carbon nanotube (CNT) networks. If the nodes can be modified in favorable ways, the electrical and/or thermal and/or mechanical properties of the CNT networks could be improved. In an attempt to influence the performance as a transparent conductive film, gold nanoparticles capped with the amino acid cysteine (Au-CysNP) have been selectively attached at the nodes of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) networks. These nanoparticles have an average diameter of 5 nm as observed by TEM. FTIR and XPS were used to characterize each step of the MWCNT chemical functionalization process. The chemical process was designed to favor selective attachment at the nodes and not the segments in the CNT networks. The chemical processing was designed to direct formation of nodes where the gold nanoparticles are. The nanoparticles which were loosely held in the CNT network could be easily washed away by solvents, while those bound chemically remained. TEM results show that the Cys-AuNPs are preferentially located at the nodes of the CNT networks when compared to the segments. These nanoparticles at the nodes were also characterized by a novel technique called diffraction scanning transmission electron microscopy (D-STEM) confirming their identity. Four-probe measurements found that the sheet resistance of the modified CNT networks was half that of similarly transparent pristine multiwalled CNT networks.
Gauging Receptiveness to Social Microvolunteering (2015)

Crowd-powered systems that help people are difficult to scale and sustain because human labor is expensive and worker pools are difficult to grow. To address this problem we introduce the idea of social microvolunteering, a type of intermediated friendsourcing in which a person can provide access to their friends as potential workers for microtasks supporting causes that they care about. We explore this idea by creating Visual Answers, an exemplar social microvolunteering application for Facebook that posts visual questions from people who are blind. We present results of a survey of 350 participants on the concept of social microvolunteering, and a deployment of the Visual Answers application with 91 participants, which collected 618 high-quality answers to questions asked over 12 days, illustrating the feasibility of the approach.
Signs and mechanisms of 13C, 19F spin–spin coupling constants in benzotrifluoride and its derivatives (1983)

The magnitudes of n J(C, F) for n = 3, 4, 5 bonds are remeasured for benzotrifluoride. The signs of 2 J(C, F) and 3 J(C, F) are determined for 4-chloro-3,5-dinitrobenzotrifluoride and that of 5 J(C, F) for 2-amino-3,5-dibromobenzotrifluoride. 4 J(C, F) is not observable in these compounds. The contact contributions to n J(C, F) are calculated for benzotrifluoride by INDO MO FPT. The long-range coupling constants are discussed in terms of the mechanisms which transmit nuclear spin state information. It seems that 5 J(C, F) is a σ–π coupling, 4 J(C, F) is a composite of a and σ–π components of opposite sign, and that 3 J(C, F) has a Karplus behaviour modified by a σ–π contribution.
Evolutionarily conserved structural and functional roles of the FYVE domain (2007)

The FYVE domain is an approx. 80 amino acid motif that binds to the phosphoinositide PtdIns3P with high specificity and affinity. It is present in 38 predicted gene products within the human genome, but only in 12–13 in Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster. Eight of these are highly conserved in all three organisms, and they include proteins that have not been characterized in any species. One of these, WDFY2, appears to play an important role in early endocytosis and was revealed in a RNAi (RNA interference) screen in C. elegans. Interestingly, some proteins contain FYVE-like domains in C. elegans and D. melanogaster, but have lost this domain during evolution. One of these is the homologue of Rabatin-5, a protein that, in mammalian cells, binds both Rab5 and Rabex-5, a guanine-nucleotide exchange factor for Rab5. Thus the Rabatin-5 homologue suggests that mechanisms to link PtdIns3P and Rab5 activation developed in evolution. In mammalian cells, these mechanisms are apparent in the existence of proteins that bind PtdIns3P and Rab GTPases, such as EEA1, Rabenosyn-5 and Rabip4′. Despite the comparable ability to bind to PtdIns3P in vitro, FYVE domains display widely variable abilities to interact with endosomes in intact cells. This variation is due to three distinct properties of FYVE domains conferred by residues that are not involved in PtdIns3P head group recognition: These properties are: (i) the propensity to oligomerize, (ii) the ability to insert into the membrane bilayer, and (iii) differing electrostatic interactions with the bilayer surface. The different binding properties are likely to regulate the extent and duration of the interaction of specific FYVE domain-containing proteins with early endosomes, and thereby their biological function.
Safety Assessment of Windshield Washing Technologies (2016)

We present a new assessment method for driver visibility based on reaction time measurement and workload in real driving situations from the most relevant accident scenario involving pedestrians. The procedure was validated in a balanced trial to compare a wet flatblade windshield washing system to a conventional Fluidic nozzles system. The test cohort comprised 204 subjects who form a representative sample of German driving license holders. The average reaction time gain of wet flatblade over Fluidic nozzles is 315 ms for pedestrian detection and 270 ms for the recognition of critical traffic situations.
Abnormal fundus autofluorescence patterns in myopic choroidal neovascularisation (2008)

Autofluorescent changes progress over time through pattern grading. A pattern classification might be helpful to predict chorioretinal atrophy changes around myopic CNV.
Precise and high-speed control of partial pressures of multiple gas species in plasma process chamber using pulse-controlled gas injection (2009)

Multiprocesses in a single plasma process chamber with high throughput require precise, sequential, high-speed alteration of partial pressures of multiple gas species. A conventional gas-distribution system cannot realize this because the system seriously overshoots gas pressure immediately following valve operation. Furthermore, chamber volume and conductance of gas piping between the system and chamber should both be considered because they delay the stabilizing time of gas pressure. Therefore, the authors proposed a new gas-distribution system without overshoot by controlling gas flow rate based on pressure measurement, as well as a method of pulse-controlled gas injection immediately following valve operation. Time variation of measured partial pressure agrees well with a calculation based on an equivalent-circuit model that represents the chamber and gas piping between the system and chamber. Using pulse-controlled gas injection, the stabilizing time can be reduced drastically to 0.6s for HBr added to pure Ar plasma, and 0.7s for O2 added to Ar∕HBr plasma; without the pulse control, the stabilizing times are 3 and 7s, respectively. In the O2 addition case, rapid stabilization can be achieved during the period of line/space pattern etching of poly-Si on a thin SiO2 film. This occurs without anomalous etching of the underlying SiO2 film or the Si substrate near the sidewall, thus obtaining a wide process margin with high throughput.
Piezoelectric Fibers for Conformal Acoustics (2012)

Ultrasound transducers have many important applications in medical, industrial, and environmental settings. Large-active-area piezoelectric fibers are presented here, which can be woven into extended and flexible ultrasound transducing fabrics. This work opens significant opportunities for large-area, flexible and adjustable acoustic emission and sensing for a variety of emerging applications.
Innentitelbild: Efficient Polyester Hydrogenolytic Deconstruction via Tandem Catalysis (Angew. Chem. 9/2022) (2022)

Polyesterkunststoffe wie PET, PBT und PEN werden mithilfe eines lösungsmittelfreien Tandemkatalysators mit zwei luft- und feuchtigkeitsstabilen Katalysatoren, Hf(OTf)4 und Pd/C, hydrogenolytisch in ihre monomeren Carbonsäuren und leichten Alkane zerlegt. Diese selektiven Reaktionen laufen in der Nähe der Polymerschmelztemperatur unter 1 atm H2 ab und sind mit gemischten Kunststoffen kompatibel, wie Yosi Kratish und Tobin J. Marks in ihrem Forschungsartikel berichten (e202112576).
Topological texture-based method for mass detection in breast ultrasound image (2014)

Texture analysis plays an important role in many image processing tasks. In this work, we present a texture descriptor based on the topology of excursion sets, derived from the concept of Minkowski functionals, and evaluate their usefulness in the detection of breast masses in 2D breast ultrasound images. The application includes three major stages: preprocessing, including candidate generation through computation of gradient concentration under a Fisher-Tippet noise model (in itself another contribution of the paper); texture feature extraction; and region classification using a Random Forests classifier. Performance of the proposed method is evaluated on 135 2D BUS images with 139 masses. Our method reaches 91% sensitivity with an averaged 1.19 false detections, and the proposed texture feature compares favorably against the often-used grey level co-occurrence matrices on the exact the same task.