gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bandwidth-constrained distributed estimation for wireless sensor Networks-part I: Gaussian case (2006)

We study deterministic mean-location parameter estimation when only quantized versions of the original observations are available, due to bandwidth constraints. When the dynamic range of the parameter is small or comparable with the noise variance, we introduce a class of maximum-likelihood estimators that require transmitting just one bit per sensor to achieve an estimation variance close to that of the (clairvoyant) sample mean estimator. When the dynamic range is comparable or larger than the noise standard deviation, we show that an optimum quantization step exists to achieve the best possible variance for a given bandwidth constraint. We will also establish that in certain cases the sample mean estimator formed by quantized observations is preferable for complexity reasons. We finally touch upon algorithm implementation issues and guarantee that all the numerical maximizations required by the proposed estimators are concave.
Study of near-field propagating mode profiles and waveguide structures of optical fibers (2002)

A novel method using SNOM and AFM to study both optical fiber structures and near-field optical intensity profiles at fiber endfaces has been successfully developed. We have demonstrated that this novel technique is able to probe both refractive index distribution and near-field propagating intensity profile of fiber structures simultaneously. Correlations between waveguide structures and near-field propagating modes can be acquired directly from the experimental images.
HIV Research for Prevention 2018: From Research to Impact Conference Summary and Highlights (2019)

The HIV Research for Prevention (HIVR4P) conference is dedicated to advancing HIV prevention research, responding to a growing consensus that effective and durable prevention will require a combination of approaches as well as unprecedented collaboration among scientists, practitioners, and community workers from different fields and geographic areas. The conference theme in 2018, "From Research to Impact," acknowledged an increasing focus on translation of promising research findings into practical, accessible, and affordable HIV prevention options for those who need them worldwide. HIVR4P 2018 was held in Madrid, Spain, on 21-25 October, with >1,400 participants from 52 countries around the globe, representing all aspects of HIV prevention research and implementation. The program included 137 oral and 610 poster presentations. This article presents a brief summary of highlights from the conference. More detailed information, complete abstracts as well as webcasts and daily Rapporteur summaries may be found on the conference website.
Electrical resistivity of Au-ZnO nanocomposite films (2013)

The electrical resistivity of electron beam codeposited gold and zinc oxide (Au-ZnO) films was investigated over the full composition range. The electrical resistivity was shown to increase monotonically with increasing ZnO content, with three characteristic regimes of behavior associated primarily with (1) grain boundary electron scattering due to grain refinement at ZnO volume fractions below 0.3, (2) percolation theory for ZnO volume fractions at and above the percolation threshold (fc = 0.85), and (3) a transition region between these where it was proposed that resistivity was influenced by the formation of Au-Zn complexes due to an oxygen deficiency in the deposited ZnO. The electrical resistivity of the composite films remained below 100 μΩ cm for ZnO volume fractions below 0.5. A model combining the general effective media equation and Mayadas-Shatzkes grain boundary electron scattering model was shown to generally describe the composition dependence of electrical resistivity for the investigated oxide dispersion hardened metal-matrix composite thin films.
New model of noise figure and RIN transfer in fiber Raman amplifiers (2006)

A new and complete analysis of noise figure and pump noise transfer in fiber Raman amplifiers is reported. Our approach is based on vacuum fluctuation which is the minimum level of the optical noise. As a result, the model enables us to represent both the intrinsic noise of the amplifier as the amplification of the input vacuum fluctuation, the amplification plus attenuation noise addition, and the extrinsic noise due to the noise transfer from the pump.
A Method to Fabricate Disconnected Silver Nanostructures in 3D (2012)

The standard nanofabrication toolkit includes techniques primarily aimed at creating 2D patterns in dielectric media. Creating metal patterns on a submicron scale requires a combination of nanofabrication tools and several material processing steps. For example, steps to create planar metal structures using ultraviolet photolithography and electron-beam lithography can include sample exposure, sample development, metal deposition, and metal liftoff. To create 3D metal structures, the sequence is repeated multiple times. The complexity and difficulty of stacking and aligning multiple layers limits practical implementations of 3D metal structuring using standard nanofabrication tools. Femtosecond-laser direct-writing has emerged as a pre-eminent technique for 3D nanofabrication.(1,2) Femtosecond lasers are frequently used to create 3D patterns in polymers and glasses.(3-7) However, 3D metal direct-writing remains a challenge. Here, we describe a method to fabricate silver nanostructures embedded inside a polymer matrix using a femtosecond laser centered at 800 nm. The method enables the fabrication of patterns not feasible using other techniques, such as 3D arrays of disconnected silver voxels.(8) Disconnected 3D metal patterns are useful for metamaterials where unit cells are not in contact with each other,(9) such as coupled metal dot(10,11)or coupled metal rod(12,13) resonators. Potential applications include negative index metamaterials, invisibility cloaks, and perfect lenses. In femtosecond-laser direct-writing, the laser wavelength is chosen such that photons are not linearly absorbed in the target medium. When the laser pulse duration is compressed to the femtosecond time scale and the radiation is tightly focused inside the target, the extremely high intensity induces nonlinear absorption. Multiple photons are absorbed simultaneously to cause electronic transitions that lead to material modification within the focused region. Using this approach, one can form structures in the bulk of a material rather than on its surface. Most work on 3D direct metal writing has focused on creating self-supported metal structures.(14-16) The method described here yields sub-micrometer silver structures that do not need to be self-supported because they are embedded inside a matrix. A doped polymer matrix is prepared using a mixture of silver nitrate (AgNO3), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and water (H2O). Samples are then patterned by irradiation with an 11-MHz femtosecond laser producing 50-fs pulses. During irradiation, photoreduction of silver ions is induced through nonlinear absorption, creating an aggregate of silver nanoparticles in the focal region. Using this approach we create silver patterns embedded in a doped PVP matrix. Adding 3D translation of the sample extends the patterning to three dimensions.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold Catalysis. A Reflection on Where We Are Now (2015)

Abstract Review: 32 refs.
Microstrip Array Ring FETs with 2D p-Ga2O3 Channels Grown by MOCVD (2021)

Gallium oxide (Ga2O3) thin films of various thicknesses were grown on sapphire (0001) substrates by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) using trimethylgallium (TMGa), high purity deionized water, and silane (SiH4) as gallium, oxygen, and silicon precursors, respectively. N2 was used as carrier gas. Hall measurements revealed that films grown with a lower VI/III ratio had a dominant p-type conduction with room temperature mobilities up to 7 cm2/Vs and carrier concentrations up to ~1020 cm−3 for thinner layers. High resolution transmission electron microscopy suggested that the layers were mainly κ phase. Microstrip field-effect transistors (FETs) were fabricated using 2D p-type Ga2O3:Si, channels. They achieved a maximum drain current of 2.19 mA and an on/off ratio as high as ~108. A phenomenological model for the p-type conduction was also presented. As the first demonstration of a p-type Ga2O3, this work represents a significant advance which is state of the art, which would allow the fabrication of p-n junction based devices which could be smaller/thinner and bring both cost (more devices/wafer and less growth time) and operating speed (due to miniaturization) advantages. Moreover, the first scaling down to 2D device channels opens the prospect of faster devices and improved heat evacuation.
Efficient Synthesis of Phosphono‐ and Phosphinoxidomethylated N‐Heterocycles under Solvent‐Free Microwave Conditions. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Contribution of ATPase copper transporters in animal but not plant virulence of the crossover pathogen Aspergillus flavus (2018)

The ubiquitous fungus Aspergillus flavus is notorious for contaminating many important crops and food-stuffs with the carcinogenic mycotoxin, aflatoxin. This fungus is also the second most frequent Aspergillus pathogen after A. fumigatus infecting immunosuppressed patients. In many human fungal pathogens including A. fumigatus, the ability to defend from toxic levels of copper (Cu) is essential in pathogenesis. In A. fumigatus, the Cu-fist DNA binding protein, AceA, and the Cu ATPase transporter, CrpA, play critical roles in Cu defense. Here, we show that A. flavus tolerates higher concentrations of Cu than A. fumigatus and other Aspergillus spp. associated with the presence of two homologs of A. fumigatus CrpA termed CrpA and CrpB. Both crpA and crpB are transcriptionally induced by increasing Cu concentrations via AceA activity. Deletion of crpA or crpB alone did not alter high Cu tolerance, suggesting they are redundant. Deletion of both genes resulted in extreme Cu sensitivity that was greater than that following deletion of the regulatory transcription factor aceA. The ΔcrpAΔcrpB and ΔaceA strains were also sensitive to ROI stress. Compared to wild type, these mutants were impaired in the ability to colonize maize seed treated with Cu fungicide but showed no difference in virulence on non-treated seed. A mouse model of invasive aspergillosis showed ΔcrpAΔcrpB and to a lesser degree ΔaceA to be significantly reduced in virulence, following the greater sensitivity of ΔcrpAΔcrpB to Cu than ΔaceA.
Preparation and Pyroelectric Properties of (Pb, La)(Zr, Ti)O3 (PLZT) Thin Films (1996)

PLZT films around 3 µ m thick with compositions of {(Pb 0.925 La 0.075 )(Zr y Ti 1- y ) 0.981 +0.5 mass% MnO 2 } where y =0–0.10, which have an appropriately small relative dielectric constant ( ∼200) were deposited on Pt(100)/ MgO(100) by rf-magnetron sputtering. The pyroelectric properties of PLZT films as element materials for pyroelectric IR sensors were investigated in detail. Assuming that the volume specific heat C v of the present films is 3.2 J/cm 3 · K, the PLZT films exhibited the highest F.M. of 1.4×10 -10 C· cm/J and F.M.D * of 1.6×10 -8 C· cm/J, which were around 1.8 times and 1.5 times larger than those of PLT films, respectively. Consequently, the figures of merit for the pyroelectric IR sensors could be improved by adding a small amount of Zr to PLT.
Dyslipidaemia is associated with an increased risk of rotator cuff disease: a systematic review (2017)

<h3>Importance</h3> Rotator cuff disease affects more than 50% of the population over 60 years of age. It has been suggested that dyslipidaemia is associated with the development of rotator cuff disease. <h3>Objective</h3> The aim of this review was to present the available literature on the relationship between lipid disorders and rotator cuff disease and to report on the implications of lipid disorders on the surgical management and postoperative healing of rotator cuff tears. <h3>Evidence review</h3> Medline, Embase and PubMed were searched from inception until 18 January 2017. Studies were screened and data were extracted in duplicate. A methodological assessment was performed for included studies. <h3>Findings</h3> Nine studies were found to meet the inclusion criteria. Seven of the included studies identified an association between the prevalence of dyslipidaemia and rotator cuff disease. Patients with dyslipidaemia were also found to have more severe rotator cuff tears. <h3>Conclusions and relevance</h3> The results of this study suggest an association between blood lipid levels and rotator cuff pathology. Specifically, patients with dyslipidaemia are potentially at higher risk for shoulder pain, rotator cuff tears and more severe rotator cuff tears. Further research is required to identify the effect of lipid-lowering medications on the natural history of rotator cuff disease and the impact on conservative and surgical treatment of rotator cuff pathology. <h3>Level of evidence</h3> LevelsII–IVclinical studies.
TLR7 agonist imiquimod is a potent vaccine adjuvant (2008)

2844 Potent adjuvants are key to successful vaccination against weakly immunogenic antigens such as those involved in cancer or chronic infection. In particular, agents that can recruit and activate dendritic cells (DC) in vivo may enhance immune responses generated during active immunization. We evaluated the adjuvant effects of the TLR7 agonist imiquimod as compared with GM-CSF, which has been widely used as a vaccine adjuvant. Topical imiquimod elicited a profound inflammatory infiltrate at the application site. Although both topical imiquimod and intradermal GM-CSF as adjuvant effectively induced the accumulation and activation of DC in draining lymph nodes (DLN), imiquimod preferentially stimulated the accumulation of skin Langerhans cells (CD11c+/CD86+/CD205+/CD8-) in DLN. The phenotypic difference in the DC mobilized by GM-CSF and imiquimod was accompanied by functional differences. Both GM-CSF and imiquimod augmented ova specific-CD4 T cell response in ova-tg mice when used in conjunction with CD4 peptide-based vaccines, as demonstrated by in vivo proliferation of CFSE labeled DO11.10 cells. Although both GM-CSF and imiquimod stimulated OVA specific CD8 T cell responses in OVA-tg mice when immunized with a CD8 peptide, the response induced by imiquimod was of greater magnitude. Finally, imiquimod was markedly more effective in stimulating ova specific T cell immunity with a protein-based vaccine as compared to GM-CSF. Thus, imiquimod is a potent vaccine adjuvant in promoting Th1 type of responses and has the potential for clinical use as a vaccine adjuvant.
Prospects for New Dielectric Solid State Lasers* (1987)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text W. F. Krupke and M. J. Weber, "Prospects for New Dielectric Solid State Lasers*," in Advanced Solid State Lasers, Vol. 20 of OSA Technical Digest (Optica Publishing Group, 1987), paper MA1. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
4D imaging of fluid flow dynamics in natural porous media with ultra-fast X-ray microtomography (2013)

International audience
Theoretical Investigation of the Electronic, Structural, Optical and Thermodynamic Properties of LaxSr1-xTiO3(x=0, 0.125, 0.25) (2017)

To better understand the electronic, optical, and thermodynamic behaviors of lanthanum doped strontium titanate (STO) LaxSr1-xTiO3 (x = 0, 0.125, 0.25) at high temperatures for possible fuel cell and sensor applications, ab initio thermodynamics have been employed by combining the first-principles density functional theory with lattice phonon dynamics to investigate their electronic structures and thermodynamic evolutions versus temperatures. Different from pure STO, our results show that after La-doping into STO, the corresponding LaxSr1-xTiO3 become metallic without a band-gap. Doping La into STO dramatically alters the optical properties of pure STO which have wide applications for sensor technology development. With increasing La-doping level x, the calculated free energy ΔG(T) and enthalpy ΔH(T) of LaxSr1-xTiO3 decrease at given temperature T, while with increasing T, the ΔG(T) decrease, but the ΔH(T) increase for all LaxSr1-xTiO3 studied.
Phase I/II study of GC1008: A human anti-transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) monoclonal antibody (MAb) in patients with advanced malignant melanoma (MM) or renal cell carcinoma (RCC) (2008)

9028 Background: TGFβ is a pleiotropic cytokine that normally helps maintain tissue homeostasis. However, in advanced cancers, TGFβ is often overexpressed and associated with higher pathologic grade, increased frequency of metastases, and poorer survival. In such cancers, TGFβ signaling is often altered, and TGFβ becomes a tumor promoter by stimulating tumor cell proliferation/migration/invasion and angiogenesis, by activating stromal cells, and by suppressing anti-tumor immunity. GC1008 is a human IgG4 MAb capable of neutralizing TGFβ isoforms 1, 2, & 3. We report the results of an ongoing, first in cancer, multi-center trial examining the safety and effectiveness of GC1008. Methods: Cohorts of patients (Pts) with advanced MM or RCC who had failed ≥ 1 prior therapy (Tx) were treated with GC1008 at 1 of 6 dose levels (0.1, 0.3, 1, 3, 10 or 15mg/kg) in a 3+3 design. If no DLTs occurred within 28 days of the first dose, 3 additional doses were administered 2wks apart. Tumor response was determined by RECIST. Extended Tx (GC1008 q2wk x 4) was offered to Pts achieving SD, PR, or CR. Results: 22 Pts (21 MM, 1 RCC) were treated in Phase I, including 6 Pts at 15mg/kg. No DLTs were observed and the highest dose level of GC1008, 15mg/kg, was determined to be a safe dose. Adverse events reported as at least possibly related to GC1008 included skin rash (including 2 cases of eruptive keratoacanthomas), fatigue, headache, epistaxis, gingival bleeding, and GI symptoms; all were grade 1 or 2. 9/22 Pts reported SAEs, most of which were related to underlying disease. To date, the only SAE considered possibly related to GC1008 Tx is a well-differentiated squamous cell cancer of the skin in a Pt with a history of this cancer. So far, 5 Pts achieved SD or better and received extended Tx. Of these responders, 3/5 Pts had mixed responses with shrinkage of liver metastases and other sites; 1/5 Pts with skin disease achieved a PR with >75% reduction of target lesions. Conclusion: GC1008 is well tolerated and neutralization of TGFβ holds promise as a novel cancer Tx. A Phase II protocol expansion is planned for Pts with metastatic MM. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Genzyme Genzyme Genzyme Genzyme Genzyme
Induction of photosensitivity in the Xenopus oocyte by injection of retinal mRNA (1988)

Conference Article| June 01 1988 Induction of photosensitivity in the Xenopus oocyte by injection of retinal mRNA GEOFFREY, B. ARDEN; GEOFFREY, B. ARDEN *Department of Clinical Ophthalmology, The Institute of Ophthalmology, University of London, London WC1H 9QS, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar CASIMIRO CABRERA; CASIMIRO CABRERA †Department of Visual Science, The Institute of Ophthalmology, University of London, London WC1H 9QS, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar ALISON J. HARDCASTLE; ALISON J. HARDCASTLE *Department of Clinical Ophthalmology, The Institute of Ophthalmology, University of London, London WC1H 9QS, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar SATISH KUNDAIKER; SATISH KUNDAIKER *Department of Clinical Ophthalmology, The Institute of Ophthalmology, University of London, London WC1H 9QS, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar CLAIRE H. MITCHELL; CLAIRE H. MITCHELL *Department of Clinical Ophthalmology, The Institute of Ophthalmology, University of London, London WC1H 9QS, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar MARY J. VOADEN MARY J. VOADEN †Department of Visual Science, The Institute of Ophthalmology, University of London, London WC1H 9QS, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1988) 16 (3): 299–300. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0160299a Article history Received: November 27 1987 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation GEOFFREY, B. ARDEN, CASIMIRO CABRERA, ALISON J. HARDCASTLE, SATISH KUNDAIKER, CLAIRE H. MITCHELL, MARY J. VOADEN; Induction of photosensitivity in the Xenopus oocyte by injection of retinal mRNA. Biochem Soc Trans 1 June 1988; 16 (3): 299–300. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0160299a Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search Keywords: MBS, modified Barth's solution This content is only available as a PDF. © 1988 Biochemical Society1988 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
ChemInform Abstract: Benzotrifluoride: A Useful Alternative Solvent for Organic Reactions Currently Conducted in Dichloromethane and Related Solvents. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Autoantibodies and cognitive impairment in systemic lupus erythematosus (2004)

The Bone and Joint Monitor Project was developed to quantify the global burden of musculoskeletal conditions and develop strategies for their prevention. Experts within the Monitor Project have worked previously with officers at the World Health Organization (WHO) to estimate morbidity and mortality associated with rheumatic conditions. The present collaboration seeks means of providing additional and more current burden data. Objective To develop recommendations for performing epidemiological studies in sample populations with musculoskeletal conditions and problems, accounting for determinants and consequences to the individual and society. Methods Recommendations have been developed identifying the most relevant domains for measuring and monitoring the various musculoskeletal conditions by review of epidemiological data on occurrence, determinants and outcomes, and by expert opinion. Instruments that measure these domains were reviewed.