gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antibodies to a cell surface histone-like protein protect against Histoplasma capsulatum (2003)

A protective role for antibodies has not previously been described for host defense against the pathogenic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum (Hc). Mouse mAb's were generated from mice immunized with Hc yeast that binds the cell surface of Hc. Administration of mAb's before Hc infection reduced fungal burden, decreased pulmonary inflammation, and prolonged survival in a murine infection model. Protection mediated by mAb's was associated with enhanced levels of IL-4, IL-6, and IFN-gamma in the lungs of infected mice. The mAb's increased phagocytosis of yeast by J774.16 cells through a CR3-dependent process. Ingestion of mAb-opsonized Hc by J774.16 macrophage-like cells was associated with yeast cell growth inhibition and killing. The mAb's bound to a 17-kDa antigen expressed on the surface of Hc. The antigen was identified as a histone H2B-like protein. This study establishes that mAb's to a cell surface protein of Hc alter the intracellular fate of the fungus and mediate protection in a murine model of lethal histoplasmosis, and it suggests a new candidate antigen for vaccine development.
Thermal stability of isolated skyrmions in an ultrathin magnetic film (2016)

The thermal stability of isolated skyrmions is studied in a Co/Pt(111) monolayer, using atomic scale simulations. Langevin dynamics around 80~K is first used to simulate the thermal collapse, with lifetimes of a few tens of nanoseconds under a destabilizing field of 0.25 T. A path method is then employed, to generally and precisely describe the skyrmion collapse. Two mechanisms are found, and discussed in relation with the change of topology between the skyrmion and uniform states. It appears that, for the lowest energy barrier path, skyrmion destabilization occurs much before any topology change, suggesting that topology plays a minor role in the skyrmion stability. On the contrary, an important role appears devoted to the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction, establishing a route towards improved skyrmion stability.
Homogeneous Product Quality in Spray Drying with Laminar Operated Rotary Atomizers (2011)

Abstract Der Einfluss der Zerstäubungsmethode auf die Homogenität sprühgetrockneter Produkte wird diskutiert. Eng verteilte Tropfengrößen sind die Voraussetzung für einheitliche Trocknungsverläufe und Morphologien der Einzelpartikel. Am Beispiel der Sprühtrocknung von Polyvinylpyrrolidon und D ‐Mannitol aus wässriger Lösung wird die laminar betriebene Rotationszerstäubung als geeignete Zerstäubungsmethode für ein eng verteiltes System angewendet. Durch die wenig streuenden Trocknungsbedingungen werden für die verwendeten Stoffsysteme homogene Pulvereigenschaften erzielt. Die besonderen Anforderungen, die die eingesetzte Zerstäubungsmethode an die Heißgasführung im Sprühtrockner stellt, werden erläutert und eine neue Gasverteilungsgeometrie vorgestellt.
Optimal damping ratio for linear second-order systems (2002)

It is shown that the optimal damping ratio for linear second-order systems that results in minimum-time no-overshoot response to step inputs is of the bang-bang type: the optimal damping ratio is zero at the outset and is switched to some maximum value at an appropriate instant of time. The switching time is shown to be a function of the maximum damping ratio and system natural frequency. Furthermore, it is shown that the larger the maximum damping ratio is, the less time it takes for the system to reach the desired set point. Finally, it is shown that, if the optimal damping ratio is switched as a function of the system state, then the minimum-time no-overshoot criterion is satisfied, irrespective of the magnitude of uncertainty in the value of the system natural frequency.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Location and inventory optimization for service centers (1993)

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1993.
Exploring the use of adalimumab for patients with moderate Crohn's disease: Subanalyses from induction and maintenance trials (2013)

This analysis suggests that moderate CD patients can be treated effectively with adalimumab, and supports using CRP to identify moderate CD patients at greatest risk of disease progression.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of Some Biologically Active Pyrimidine Derivatives Containing Sulfur. Part 1. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Library Statistics with Confidence: Facts from Figures with no Fear (2013)

Libraries collect a lot of statistical and other data about their operations but often a greater part of the information collected is not utilized as effectively as it would be feasible. However, the use of simple basic statistics is often all that is needed to show the value and impact of the library. The methods of reporting and measuring the library services offered to the libraries may be given top down instead of balancing the methods with above-mentioned and bottom up idea that serves the local needs of the libraries. The libraries need support in the use of statistics and therefore it is necessary to organize training sessions of the use of collected data for them. The aim of this paper is to provoke discussion on the field of library statistics and to encourage the librarians to use the data collected. Further, the aim of this paper is to give an idea of training the libraries to combine data from different sources to refine it in order to take the lid off phenomena possibly not recognized earlier in the library and to use the data in an illustrative way to advocate for the library by showing the evidence of impact.
Strength of the symmetry spin-filtering effect in magnetic tunnel junctions (2016)

We developed a general theory that allows us to predict the power factor $n$ in the asymptotics of the tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR), $\text{TMR}\ensuremath{\propto}{N}^{n}$, in the limit of large number of the tunnel barrier layers, $N$, for a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) system that has the so-called symmetry spin-filtering properties. Within this theory the only information required to determine $n$ is the knowledge of the symmetries of the wave functions of the bulk electrode and barrier materials at the $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}$ point in the in-plane surface Brillouin zone. In particular, we show that for a MTJ that has the in-plane square symmetry only three values for the power factor are allowed: $n=0,1,$ and 2 for the asymptotics of the TMR enhanced due to the symmetry spin-filtering mechanism. To verify our theory we performed the density functional theory calculations of transmission functions and TMR for a Fe/MgO/Fe MTJ which confirm predicted values of the power factor $n=0,1,$ or 2 in specific ranges of energies (in particular, $n=1$ at the Fermi energy).
Dissecting virulence function from recognition: cell death suppression in Nicotiana benthamiana by XopQ/HopQ1‐family effectors relies on EDS1‐dependent immunity (2017)

Many Gram-negative plant pathogenic bacteria express effector proteins of the XopQ/HopQ1 family which are translocated into plant cells via the type III secretion system during infection. In Nicotiana benthamiana, recognition of XopQ/HopQ1 proteins induces an effector-triggered immunity (ETI) reaction which is not associated with strong cell death but renders plants immune against Pseudomonas syringae and Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria strains. Additionally, XopQ suppresses cell death in N. benthamiana when transiently co-expressed with cell death inducers. Here, we show that representative XopQ/HopQ1 proteins are recognized similarly, likely by a single resistance protein of the TIR-NB-LRR class. Extensive analysis of XopQ derivatives indicates the recognition of structural features. We performed Agrobacterium-mediated protein expression experiments in wild-type and EDS1-deficient (eds1) N. benthamiana leaves, not recognizing XopQ/HopQ1. XopQ recognition limits multiplication of Agrobacterium and attenuates levels of transiently expressed proteins. Remarkably, XopQ fails to suppress cell death reactions induced by different effectors in eds1 plants. We conclude that XopQ-mediated cell death suppression in N. benthamiana is due to the attenuation of Agrobacterium-mediated protein expression rather than the cause of the genuine XopQ virulence activity. Thus, our study expands our understanding of XopQ recognition and function, and also challenges the commonly used co-expression assays for elucidation of in planta effector activities, at least under conditions of ETI induction.
Application of the Suzuki Reaction as the Key Step in the Synthesis of a Novel Atropisomeric Biphenyl Derivative for Use as a Liquid Crystal Dopant (2003)

A heavily functionalized atropisomeric biphenyl derivative (4), which is designed to possess a large lateral dipole moment, has been synthesized with use of a Suzuki coupling as the key step and resolved by chiral HPLC. The final coupling reaction is complicated by rapid hydrolytic deboronation of the sterically hindered, electron poor boronate 22. Rigorously anhydrous conditions are therefore necessary to achieve the coupling.
A one-watt, 10-Gbps high-sensitivity optical communication system (1995)

High data rate communications are of interest for many applications. In fiber-based broadcast systems, high receiver sensitivity and high transmitter power translate into the ability to reach more customers. For space applications, high receiver sensitivity and high optical power are essential since it is impossible to use amplifiers between the transmitter and receiver. We describe here the experimental demonstration of a 10-Gbps communications system with a receiver sensitivity of 77 photons/bit at a bit error rate of 10/sup -9/ and a one-watt optical transmitter based on an erbium-doped fiber amplifier pumped by tapered-gain-region semiconductor lasers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A three-dimensional polymeric optical circuit fabrication using a femtosecond laser-assisted self-written waveguide technique (2008)

We demonstrated a femtosecond pulse laser-assisted self-written waveguide technique that can fabricate three-dimensional (3D) optical waveguides in a photopolymerizing resin. A 488nm Ar+ laser and an 800nm pulse laser were used in this technique. Using the femtosecond laser scanning technique, two optical fibers were connected three dimensionally by a waveguide. The alignment-free aspect of the light-induced self-written waveguide-fabrication technique and the possibilities of 3D waveguide creation inherent in the femtosecond laser polymerization technique were combined to yield a highly versatile technique for the fabrication of 3D waveguides.
Hydrogen Enriched Confined Methane Flame Behavior and Flashback Modeling (2006)

Most gas fueled power generation units presently operate on natural gas and many of them would need to tackle the challenges due to a fuel switch towards syngas in the near future. Operating regime of a gas turbine combustor is sensitive to the changes in the fuel composition. Behavior of a premixed enclosed methane-hydrogen flame is studied with regard to thermo-acoustic instability induced flame flashback, emissions, flammability limits and acoustics over a wide range of operating conditions. Hydrogen addition extends the lean flammability limits and enables lower NOx emissions levels to be achieved. However increased RMS pressure fluctuation levels and higher susceptibility to flashback is observed with increasing hydrogen volume fraction. This is associated with higher burning speeds of hydrogen in comparison to methane. Furthermore flashback in the experimental facility is triggered by thermo-acoustic oscillations. Therefore, an analytical model has been developed to capture the flame holding and thermo-acoustically induced flashback dynamics for a pre-mixed gas turbine combustor. A simple linearized acoustic model is derived from the basic conservation laws, and a front-tracking algorithm based on the Markstein's G-equation is coupled to combustor acoustics it in order to track the flame-front which yields in an understanding of dynamic flame holding and flashback behavior. Due to the non-linear nature of the coupling between acoustic velocity and heat release a limit cycle behavior in the flame front movement is observed during simulations. Sets of experiments including phase locked CH radical imaging have been performed in order to time resolve the flame initiation front behavior. Numerical simulations are performed to study flashback and combustor acoustics together and it is found that these are in good qualitative agreement with the experiments.
Regulation of TRPM8 channels by PKCβ mediates morphine-induced cold hypersensitivity. (2020)

Abstract Postoperative shivering and cold hypersensitivity are major side effects of acute and chronic opioid treatments respectively. TRPM8 is a cold and menthol-sensitive channel found in a subset of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) nociceptors. Deletion or inhibition of the TRPM8 channel was found to prevent the cold hyperalgesia induced by chronic administration of morphine. Here, we examined the mechanisms by which morphine was able to promote cold hypersensitivity in DRG neurons and transfected HEK cells. Mice daily injected with morphine for five days developed cold hyperalgesia. Treatment with morphine did not alter the expressions of cold sensitive TREK-1, TRAAK and TRPM8 in DRGs. However, TRPM8-expressing DRG neurons isolated from morphine-treated mice exhibited hyperexcitability. Sustained morphine treatment in vitro sensitized TRPM8 responsiveness to cold or menthol and reduced activation-evoked desensitization of the channel. Blocking the phospholipase C (PLC) as well as protein kinase C beta (PKCβ), but not protein kinase A (PKA) or Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK), restored channel desensitization. Identification of two PKC phosphorylation consensus sites, S1040 and S1041, in the TRPM8 and their site-directed mutation were able to prevent the MOR-induced reduction in TRPM8 desensitization. Our results show that activation of MOR by morphine 1) promotes hyperexcitability of TRPM8-expressing neurons and 2) induces a PKCβ-mediated reduction of TRPM8 desensitization. This MOR-PKCβ dependent modulation of TRPM8 may underlie the onset of cold hyperalgesia caused by repeated administration of morphine. Our findings point to TRPM8 channel and PKCβ as important targets for opioid-induced cold hypersensitivity.
Locally-tailored structure of an elastomeric substrate for stretchable circuits (2015)

We demonstrate a new process for fabricating a hybrid elastomeric polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate, which can provide a high ratio (as large as ∼50) of the elastic modulus between the active device region and the interconnect area, as well as a locally tailored surface profile for each region. For this process, a Si master mold with a dual surface profile is prepared, where locally flat regions are distributed within a wavy-surfaced area. The stiffer elastomeric islands for active devices are formed on the flat regions by photolithography of a photo-patternable and hard PDMS layer (E ∼ 160 MPa), over which a soft PDMS layer (E ∼ 2 to 3 MPa) is casted. By releasing the whole PDMS layer from the mold, a hybrid silicone substrate with stiff and flat islands embedded within a soft and wavy matrix is obtained. In this hybrid structure, active devices located on the stiff regions can provide high reliability under stretched conditions, while most strain is accommodated by wavy interconnects within the soft area. Such beneficial effects are demonstrated by organic thin film transistors produced on the hybrid substrate.
Quantitative lattice measurement of thin Langmuir-Blodgett films by atomic-force microscopy (1993)

We have quantitatively determined the nature of the surface order of the outermost layer of monolayer and multilayer Langmuir-Blodgett films of cadmium arachidate, in air and under water, using atomic-force microscopy. Molecular-resolution images of 1200-${\mathrm{nm}}^{2}$ areas show that the alkyl chains of 2--5-layer films have a noncentered rectangular lattice with lattice constants of 0.482\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.004 and 0.748\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.006 nm, in good agreement with diffraction measurements of bulk aliphatic systems. We show unambiguously that the unit cell consists of two molecules. In contrast with the highly ordered multilayers, monolayer films have a disordered surface. Images taken under water of the head-group surface show that the bilayer surface is disordered, while thicker films show order of the alkyl chains. The presence of an underlying head-group--head-group interface with its associated cadmium ion bridging is shown to be the critical feature needed to obtain a stable and ordered surface layer.
Isolated EUV Pulses via CEP-insensitive Nonlinear Stabilization in a Waveguide (2006)

We discuss a new regime of harmonic generation, where isolated femtosecond EUV pulses are generated via a mechanism relatively insensitive to carrier-envelope phase. This approach allows for selective control of the EUV energy and bandwidth.
RBM45 homo-oligomerization mediates association with ALS-linked proteins and stress granules (2015)

The aggregation of RNA-binding proteins is a pathological hallmark of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). RBM45 is an RNA-binding protein that forms cytoplasmic inclusions in neurons and glia in ALS and FTLD. To explore the role of RBM45 in ALS and FTLD, we examined the contribution of the protein's domains to its function, subcellular localization, and interaction with itself and ALS-linked proteins. We find that RBM45 forms homo-oligomers and physically associates with the ALS-linked proteins TDP-43 and FUS in the nucleus. Nuclear localization of RBM45 is mediated by a bipartite nuclear-localization sequence (NLS) located at the C-terminus. RBM45 mutants that lack a functional NLS accumulate in the cytoplasm and form TDP-43 positive stress granules. Moreover, we identify a novel structural element, termed the homo-oligomer assembly (HOA) domain, that is highly conserved across species and promote homo-oligomerization of RBM45. RBM45 mutants that fail to form homo-oligomers exhibit significantly reduced association with ALS-linked proteins and inclusion into stress granules. These results show that RMB45 may function as a homo-oligomer and that its oligomerization contributes to ALS/FTLD RNA-binding protein aggregation.
Prediction of Laminations in Zinc Alloy Die-Casting by Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Flow Simulation (2019)

In the manufacturing process of zinc alloy die-casting, laminations are a serious problem because they cause blister defects and the deposition of zinc on the mold surface. Thus, it is very important to analytically predict the risk of lamination formation before determining the mold design. In this study, we proposed a criterion for predicting the locations of laminations. The criterion value is estimated from the result of a molten metal flow simulation and can indirectly predict the locations of laminations. As the analytic method in the mold-filling simulation, we adopted a gas-liquid two-phase flow model with a finite element method, and the Cahn-Hilliard equation was adopted to determine the interface between the gas and the liquid. We predicted the locations of laminations for two different types of gating system using the mold-filling simulation. The validity of the proposed criterion for laminations was confirmed by comparison of the results of the simulation and the observation of laminations after practical die-casting.
Ir/SiO2 as a highly active catalyst for the selective reduction of NO with CO in the presence of O2 and SO2 (2003)

Coexisting SO2 considerably enhanced the catalytic activity of Ir/SiO2 for NO reduction with CO in the presence of O2 because of the formation of a cis-type coordinated species of NO and CO to one iridium atom ([formula: see text]), a possible reaction intermediate leading to N2 formation.
Differential power processing for efficiency and performance leaps in utility-scale photovoltaics (2012)

This paper describes a class of power electronics architecture for scalable photovoltaic power processing. The proposed power processing technique can provide extreme improvements in power conversion density. The architecture enhances energy delivery and system reliability compared to conventional methods. The strategy leverages the best attributes of conventional methods with a fundamentally different approach that also overcomes their major drawbacks. This differential power processing approach converts power only once, using small local converters to process the limited mismatch between adjacent solar elements. When a grid tie is desired, a simplified large inverter provides this interface. The method supports local protection and diagnostics, while optimizing power production.
<title>Perspective volume rendering of cross-sectional images for simulated endoscopy and intraparenchymal viewing</title> (1996)

The capability of today's clinical scanners to create large quantities of high resolution and near isotropically sampled volume data, coupled with a rapidly improving performance/price ratio of computers, has created the challenge and feasibility of creating new ways to explore cross- sectional medical imagery. Perspective volume rendering (PVR) allows an observer to 'fly- through' image data and view its contents from within for diagnostic and treatment planning purposes. We simulated flights through 14 data sets and, where possible, these were compared to conventional endoscopy. We demonstrated colonic masses and polyps as small as 5 mm, tracheal obstructions and precise positioning of endoluminal stent-grafts. Simulated endoscopy was capable of generating views not possible with conventional endoscopy due to its restrictions on camera location and orientation. Interactive adjustment of tissue opacities permitted views beyond the interior of lumina to reveal other structures such as masses, thrombus, and calcifications. We conclude that PVR is an exciting new technique with the potential to supplement and/or replace some conventional diagnostic imaging procedures. It has further utility for treatment planning and communication with colleagues, and the potential to reduce the number of normal people who would otherwise undergo more invasive procedures without benefit.
Generation of human hepatic progenitor cells with regenerative and metabolic capacities from primary hepatocytes (2019)

Hepatocytes are regarded as the only effective cell source for cell transplantation to treat liver diseases; however, their availability is limited due to a donor shortage. Thus, a novel cell source must be developed. We recently reported that mature rodent hepatocytes can be reprogrammed into progenitor-like cells with a repopulative capacity using small molecule inhibitors. Here, we demonstrate that hepatic progenitor cells can be obtained from human infant hepatocytes using the same strategy. These cells, named human chemically induced liver progenitors (hCLiPs), had a significant repopulative capacity in injured mouse livers following transplantation. hCLiPs redifferentiated into mature hepatocytes in vitro upon treatment with hepatic maturation-inducing factors. These redifferentiated cells exhibited cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymatic activities in response to CYP-inducing molecules and these activities were comparable with those in primary human hepatocytes. These findings will facilitate liver cell transplantation therapy and drug discovery studies.