gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Guidelines for the detection of diabetes mellitus--diagnostic criteria and rationale for screening. (2003)

Diabetes mellitus is a heterogenous condition reflecting different metabolic disorders and accompanied by a variety of complications. However, it is hyperglycaemia that is the common feature and this is used to define diabetes. Diabetes was previously considered a disease of minor significance to world health. However, there has been an explosive increase in the number of people diagnosed with diabetes worldwide in the last few decades.1 The global figure of people with diabetes is set to rise from the current figure of about 180 million in 2000 to 220 million in 2010 and 320 million in 2025. The two major forms of diabetes are:


♦ type 1 diabetes, which is predominantly due to autoimmune mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells and results in absolute insulin deficiency.


♦ type 2 diabetes, characterised by insulin resistance and/or relatively insufficient insulin secretion. Worldwide over 90% of patients with diabetes have type 2 diabetes. In Australia, the frequency of diabetes is 7.4% of the adult population of which only 50% are diagnosed.2
ATQAM/MAST'20 (2020)

The Joint Workshop on Aesthetic and Technical Quality Assessment of Multimedia and Media Analytics for Societal Trends (ATQAM/ MAST) aims to bring together researchers and professionals working in fields ranging from computer vision, multimedia computing, multimodal signal processing to psychology and social sciences. It is divided into two tracks: ATQAM and MAST. ATQAM track: Visual quality assessment techniques can be divided into image and video technical quality assessment (IQA and VQA, or broadly TQA) and aesthetics quality assessment (AQA). While TQA is a long-standing field, having its roots in media compression, AQA is relatively young. Both have received increased attention with developments in deep learning. The topics have mostly been studied separately, even though they deal with similar aspects of the underlying subjective experience of media. The aim is to bring together individuals in the two fields of TQA and AQA for the sharing of ideas and discussions on current trends, developments, issues, and future directions. MAST track: The research area of media content analytics has been traditionally used to refer to applications involving inference of higher-level semantics from multimedia content. However, multimedia is typically created for human consumption, and we believe it is necessary to adopt a human-centered approach to this analysis, which would not only enable a better understanding of how viewers engage with content but also how they impact each other in the process.
Peptide linkers for the assembly of semiconductor quantum dot bioconjugates (2009)

The use of semiconductor luminescent quantum dots for the labeling of biomolecules is rapidly expanding, however it still requires facile methods to attach functional globular proteins to biologically optimized quantum dots.
Here we discuss the development of controlled variable length peptidyl linkers to attach biomolecules to poly(ethylene)
glycol (PEG) coated quantum dots for both in vitro and in vivo applications. The peptides chosen, β-sheets and alpha
helices are appended to polyhistidine sequences and this allows for control of the ratio of peptide bioconjugated to QD
and the distance from QD to the biomolecule. Recombinant DNA engineering, bacterial peptide expression and Ni-NTA
purification of histidine labeled peptides are utilized to create the linkers. Peptide length is confirmed by in vitro 
fluorescent resonance energy transfer (FRET).
Electrical transport mechanism of the amorphous phase in Cr 2 Ge 2 Te 6 phase change material (2018)

Abstract A Cr 2 Ge 2 Te 6 (CrGT) phase change material (PCM) was studied. Different from conventional PCMs, it shows an inverse resistance change between a low-resistance amorphous phase and a high-resistance crystalline phase. Moreover, the anomalous low resistivity in the amorphous CrGT is considered to be due to a large carrier density, but the mechanism of electrical transport is still not clear. In this study, the electrical transport mechanism of the amorphous CrGT was discussed based on the temperature dependence of the resistivity, carrier density, mobility, and current–voltage characteristics. Above 300 K, the conduction mechanism of the amorphous CrGT was thermally activated band conduction, which is different from the conventional Ge–Sb–Te PCMs that show Poole–Frenkel conduction in the amorphous phase. Below 300 K, the amorphous CrGT shows hopping conduction, changing from variable range hopping (Mott VRH) to Efros–Shklovskii variable range hopping (ES-VRH) with decreasing temperature. The crossover from Mott VRH to ES-VRH was observed at around 200 K. Furthermore, the Fermi level was not pinned at the center of bandgap; instead, it was located near the valence band.
Performance modeling of multiprocessor implementations of protocols (1998)

Two major performance bottlenecks in multiprocessor execution of protocols are contention for shared memory and for locks. Locks are used to protect shared messages and/or shared protocol state in a memory shared by competing processors. Mutual exclusion by locking can be costly, in terms of both lock contention and memory contention, if the parallel protocol code frequently accesses shared state and data. This paper presents a queueing network model for performance predictions of shared-memory multiprocessor protocol executions. Predictions from this model are compared to performance measurements from a multiprocessor implementation of two commonly used communication protocol stacks, transmission control protocol/Internet protocol (TCP/IP)/Ethernet and user datagram protocol/Internet protocol (UDP/IP)/Ethernet. These stacks are implemented on a parallelized version of the x-kernel protocol environment from the University of Arizona. A "processor-per-message" paradigm is used to partition the load among the processors. The measured speedups for the parallel implementations relative to the sequential ones are more than 11 times for UDP (using 20 processors) and three times for TCP (using five processors) on a sequent symmetry. We show that the model accurately captures the effects of lock and memory contention in our shared-memory multiprocessor and predicts the performance with a discrepancy of less than 10%.
A stable enol in small ring systems: clear differentiation between penta- and tri-valency of phosphorus atoms (2008)

The first stable enols in 1,2-dihydrophosphetes and were synthesized and structurally characterized with intermolecular hydrogen bonds to phosphoryl groups in 10-membered dimeric structures; in contrast, trivalent analogue exists in keto-form, where such stabilization by hydrogen bonds is not feasible.
Crack formation in wet colloidal pillars (2018)

We investigate the initiation of cracks in vertically freestanding water-saturated colloidal pillars constructed using a direct-write technique. Paradoxically, the cracks form during drying at the free end, far from the substrate, where the particle network is unconstrained in contracting its volume as it bears compression by a uniform capillary pressure acting at its outer surface. This is explained by a dominant balance of wetting energy terms, from which follows a simple relationship between the particle size and pillar dimensions that captures the presence or absence of cracks. This relationship provides a practical guideline for fabricating crack-free colloidal structures.
A PRKACB somatic mutation in a cortisol producing adenoma: a new example of protein kinase A activation leading to adrenal Cushing syndrome (2017)

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences in endocrinology ISSN 1470-3947 (print) | ISSN 1479-6848 (online)
Substrate-Leash Amplification with Ribonuclease S-Peptide and S-Protein (1986)

Abstract p 1628, Fig. 6: Although faint, there is a band at the origin in lane g. p 1656: The accompanying figure should be substituted for the Figure 2 shown on page 1656, a figure that was to have been deleted. The figure legend is unchanged. p 1705: The second paragraph in the left column should replace the third paragraph of the Discussion. Thus the authors find it "likely...that the principal alkali-labile oxalate precursors in urine are ascorbate and some of its metabolites...." p 1927: The name of the author of a book review, Robert Rej, was omitted. p 2014: On line 7, the 95 percentile interval for plasma ammonia should be 16-53 µmol/L, as correctly stated in the Abstract. See image in the PDF file
Substrate Scope Analysis of Biocatalytic Halogenation on Complex Substrates (2019)

Malbrancheamide is a fungal natural product with significant vasorelaxation effects and potential as a cardiovascular therapeutic. The dichlorination of the indole ring is key for its biological activity, and this transformation is performed by the flavin dependent halogenase MalA. This enzyme utilizes a proposed chloramine lysine intermediate to iteratively and selectively chlorinate its natural substrate premalbrancheamide. Halogenases can provide orthogonal selectivity to many chemical methods, making them useful for pharmaceutical applications, while providing selective methods for late-stage functionalization. This investigation focuses on the substrate scope of the halogenase on complex pharmaceutically relevant substrates in collaboration with the Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research. The bromination and chlorination reaction conditions were optimized, and the products were structurally characterized by NMR spectroscopy to gain further understanding of the versatility of the wild type enzyme and its mutants.
Smart Battery Technology for Lifetime Improvement (2022)

Applications of lithium-ion batteries are widespread, ranging from electric vehicles to energy storage systems. In spite of nearly meeting the target in terms of energy density and cost, enhanced safety, lifetime, and second-life applications, there remain challenges. As a result of the difference between the electric characteristics of the cells, the degradation process is accelerated for battery packs containing many cells. The development of new generation battery solutions for transportation and grid storage with improved performance is the goal of this paper, which introduces the novel concept of Smart Battery that brings together batteries with advanced power electronics and artificial intelligence (AI). The key feature is a bypass device attached to each cell that can insert relaxation time to individual cell operation with minimal effect on the load. An advanced AI-based performance optimizer is trained to recognize early signs of accelerated degradation modes and to decide upon the optimal insertion of relaxation time. The resulting pulsed current operation has been proven to extend lifetime by up to 80% in laboratory aging conditions. The Smart Battery unique architecture uses a digital twin to accelerate the training of performance optimizers and predict failures. The Smart Battery technology is a new technology currently at the proof-of-concept stage.
Affordance-Based and User-Defined Gestures for Spatial Tangible Interaction (2023)

Although mid-air hand gestures have been widely adopted by VR/AR products (e.g., Quest 2 and HoloLens), some drawbacks remain due to their lack of tangibility and tactile feedback. Opportunistic Tangible User Interfaces could address these shortcomings by repurposing existing objects in one's physical environment. However, there has yet to be a systematic investigation of the gestures that would be desirable when using opportunistic objects or how such gestures would be impacted by such objects. In this work, we conducted an elicitation study to investigate the desirability of object and gesture combinations across a variety of interactions. The results contribute (1) an opportunistic tangible UI gesture set for spatial interfaces, and (2) an Affordance-Based Object Selector Scheme that identifies ideal objects for tangible input given a desired input gesture, based on that object's physical affordances. Arising from these findings is the vision of the Adaptive Tangible User Interface, which supports the on-the-fly composition of tangible interfaces based on the affordances found in the physical environment and a user's input task.
Reply to Skoyles: Decline in growth rate, not muscle mass, predicts the human childhood peak in brain metabolism (2014)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility's participation in interlaboratory comparisons of environmental sample analyses (1979)

This report compiles all available results of the EERF's participation in interlaboratory comparison programs. In general the results are satisfactory, although there are some areas of concern. A summary of all analyses for the predominant radionuclides included in this report is presented in tabular form. Also included are the results reported for unspiked samples. Results for the unspiked samples reported as not detectable (ND), zero, or as a value less than the assigned minimum detectable level (MDL) were considered to agree within +- 10%; a value reported as greater than the MDL was considered unsatisfactory. For the 753 specific radionuclide analyses, 75% and 92% were measured within +- 10% and +- 20%, respectively, of the Reference Center values. These data are presented graphically where the cumulative probability is plotted with the observed percent error. The probability that the result of an analysis will be within a selected error of the true concentration can be easily ascertained from the graph. The most important function of intercomparison programs is to identify problem areas. If a problem exists, immediate remedial action should be inititated. Errors can occur for numerous reasons; improperly following a tested procedure, arithmetical errors in the calculations, permitting contamination to more » enter the sample during analysis, undetected fluctuations in counting efficiencies, or backgrounds, and using incorrect weights, or absorption factors. (ERB) « less
Using link and content over time for embedding generation in Dynamic Attributed Networks (2018)

In this work, we consider the problem of combining link, content and temporal analysis for community detection and prediction in evolving networks. Such temporal and content-rich networks occur in many real-life settings, such as bibliographic networks and question answering forums. Most of the work in the literature (that uses both content and structure) deals with static snapshots of networks, and they do not reflect the dynamic changes occurring over multiple snapshots. Incorporating dynamic changes in the communities into the analysis can also provide useful insights about the changes in the network such as the migration of authors across communities. In this work, we propose Chimera, a shared factorization model that can simultaneously account for graph links, content, and temporal analysis. This approach works by extracting the latent semantic structure of the network in multidimensional form, but in a way that takes into account the temporal continuity of these embeddings. Such an approach simplifies temporal analysis of the underlying network by using the embedding as a surrogate. A consequence of this simplification is that it is also possible to use this temporal sequence of embeddings to predict future communities. We present experimental results illustrating the effectiveness of the approach.
Grain-size considerations for programmable optoelectronic multiprocessor interconnection networks (1990)

Programmable optoelectronic multiprocessor (POEM) architecture is based on wafer-scale integration of optoelectronic processing elements (PEs) and free-space optical interconnects. 1 The strength of POEM machines comes from their efficient implementation of interconnections and the large degree of parallelism that is inherent in free-space optical interconnections. An important architectural feature of such a parallel computer is its interconnection network. An interconnection network is a system of optoelectronic PE switches and free-space optical links that interconnect processors in a parallel computing system. The complexity of the PE switch determines the tradeoff between electronic and optical interconnects. Previously, we have designed a POEM perfect-shuffle interconnection network using 22 PE switches and have compared its performance with a VLSI-based perfect shuffle. 2 In this paper we extend our comparison to include larger PE switches (e.g., 44,1616, etc.), as well as and 22 PE switches realized by using optical gates, as is done in symbolic substitution. The basis of our comparison include system speed, volume, footprint area, and power consumption. In addition, we determine the optimal PE switch size for given optoelectronic technology parameters.
Retention in a public healthcare system with free access to treatment (2011)

Retention in care of Danish HIV patients is high, especially after initiation of HAART. Absence from HIV care is associated with increased mortality. We conclude that high rates of retention can be achieved in a healthcare system with free access to treatment and is associated with a favorable outcome.
Throughput-Maximum Energy-Aware Rate Adaptation in W-NCSs over Quasi-Static Fading Channels (2020)

In this paper, we consider a wireless networked control system (W-NCS) and seek to optimize the performance of the system by adapting the transmission throughput of the communication link, which is assumed to be a quasi-static fading channel. Towards this end, an optimization problem is formulated and solved, herein called Maximum Throughput with Energy Constraints (MaxTEC), in which the optimal achievable throughput is selected subject to the limited available energy per transmission. It is demonstrated that the larger the available energy, the higher the throughput, and, subsequently, the better the control performance. The performance of our proposed scheme is illustrated via simulations of an inverted pendulum on a cart.
Computationally Assisted Assignment of the Kadsuraols, a Class of Chemopreventive Agents for the Control of Liver Cancer (2018)

Kadsuraols A-C (1-3), which are tetrahydrocyclobutaphenanthrofuranone-type lignans with a new carbon skeleton comprising a four-membered ring across C-1'-C-8, have been isolated from the roots of Kadsura longipedunculata. Their structures and absolute configurations were unambiguously determined using nuclear magnetic resonance, X-ray diffraction crystallography, DP4+ calculations, and computed and experimental electronic circular dichroism spectra. Kadsuraol C (3) exhibited hepatoprotective activity against N-acetyl- p-aminophenol (APAP)-induced toxicity. The compounds showed no cytotoxicity at 10 μM in a zone assay.
Applied Machine Learning Methods for Time Series Forecasting (2022)

Time series data is ubiquitous, and accurate time series forecasting is vital for many real-world application domains, including retail, healthcare, supply chain, climate science, e-commerce and economics. Forecasting, in general, has led to broad impact and a diverse range of applications. However, with large-scale, high-dimensional time-series data available, more advanced techniques must be invented or improved for highly accurate predictions. Latest data mining and machine learning techniques play a crucial role in the next generation of forecasting models. In this Applied Machine Learning Methods for Time Series Forecasting (AMLTS) workshop, we focus on effective and accurate latest machine learning approaches to solve various real-world problems. With this workshop's ability to attract audiences across various domains, we invite experienced industrial practitioners and researchers to help uncover new approaches and break new ground in time-series modelings' challenging and vital settings.
ChemInform Abstract: Expedient Synthesis of t‐Butyl Azide. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Modeling and simulation of branched wiring network (2006)

This paper presents a method to analyze the reflectometry responses of a branched network of non-ideal wires. A modified bounce diagram that uses a transition matrix to keep track of signal flow is used. This approach is further improved by including the complex propagation constant to include the frequency dependent filtering effect (phase delay and attenuation) of the non-ideal transmission lines.
Dual-beam, six-terminal nanoelectromechanical relays (2013)

A novel design for a six-terminal nanoelectromechanical relay is presented. The design includes a secondary beam in the signal pathway of the device, which allows direct contact between the source and drain. The advantages of the new design include avoidance of fabrication-based contact degradation during the isolation etch, lower sensitivity to high gap variations and reduction in the number of contacts needed to close the signal pathway. Also, the new design introduces a novel anti-stiction mechanism. An analytical model is presented which compares the mechanical behavior of the new design to the older design. The devices are fabricated using a silicon nitride hard mask with an ammonium hydroxide based etchant. An inverter made using the new design is demonstrated.
Simple, Rapid Chemical Labeling and Screening of Antibodies with Luminescent Peptides (2022)

Sensitive and selective detection assays are essential for the accurate measurement of analytes in both clinical and research laboratories. Immunoassays that rely on nonoverlapping antibodies directed against the same target analyte (e.g., sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs)) are commonly used molecular detection technologies. Use of split enzyme reporters has simplified the workflow for these traditionally complex assays. However, identifying functional antibody pairs for a given target analyte can be cumbersome, as it generally involves generating and screening panels of antibodies conjugated to reporters. Accordingly, we sought a faster and easier reporter conjugation strategy to streamline antibody screening. We describe here the development of such a method that is based on an optimized ternary NanoLuc luciferase. This bioluminescence complementation system is comprised of a reagent-based thermally stable polypeptide (LgTrip) and two small peptide tags (β9 and β10) with lysine-reactive handles for direct conjugation onto antibodies. These reagents enable fast, single-step, wash-free antibody labeling and sensitive functional screening. Simplicity, speed, and utility of the one-pot labeling technology are demonstrated in screening antibody pairs for the analyte interleukin-4. The screen resulted in the rapid development of a sensitive homogeneous immunoassay for this clinically relevant cytokine.