gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Psychopharmacology in the Pediatric Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant Units: Antipsychotic Medications Palliate Symptoms in Children with Cancer (2020)

<b><i>Objectives:</i></b> The present study characterized the psychiatric diagnoses and symptoms that led to the administration of antipsychotic medications in children and adolescents with cancer, and to evaluate the benefits and tolerability of these drugs in a large hospital-based pediatric hematology-oncology practice. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Efficacy and adverse effects of two second-generation antipsychotics were retrospectively analyzed in 43 patients 2.9-19.6 (mean 12.1) years of age. The Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) Scale and Improvement (CGI-I) Scale were used to evaluate psychiatric symptom severity before and following treatment, while the incidence of side effects and drug-drug interactions were collected from medical records. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Olanzapine was administered to 58% of patients and risperidone to 42%; the choice of drug was at the discretion of the treating psychiatrist. The common psychiatric diagnoses among these patients included adjustment disorder (37%) and medication-induced psychiatric disorders (23%). The most common psychiatric-medical symptoms included irritability/agitation (79%) and depressed mood (74%). CGI-S improved significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.001) between assessments, with no statistically significant difference between olanzapine- and risperidone-treated patients. CGI-I scores at reassessment indicated superiority of olanzapine as compared with risperidone. Adverse effects of treatment were mild. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Olanzapine and risperidone can be well tolerated and ameliorate severe psychiatric-medical symptoms in children and adolescents with cancer. The potential palliative benefits of these second-generation antipsychotics (e.g., rapid onset of action, antiemesis, sedation, and appetite stimulation) increase the utility of their use in children treated in oncology and bone marrow transplant units.
Loss of RAGE in Pulmonary Fibrosis (2008)

The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is a transmembrane receptor of the Ig superfamily. While vascular RAGE expression is associated with kidney and liver fibrosis, high expression levels of RAGE are found under physiological conditions in the lung. In this study, RAGE expression in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis was assessed, and the relationship of the receptor to functional changes of epithelial cells and pulmonary fibroblasts in the pathogenesis of the disease was investigated. Significant down-regulation of RAGE was observed in lung homogenate and alveolar epithelial type II cells from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, as well as in bleomycin-treated mice, demonstrated by RT-PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. In vitro, RAGE down-regulation was provoked by stimulation of primary human lung fibroblasts and A549 epithelial cells with the proinflammatory cytokines, transforming growth factor-beta1 or TNF-alpha. Blockade of RAGE resulted in impaired cell adhesion, and small interfering RNA-induced knockdown of RAGE increased cell proliferation and migration of A549 cells and human primary fibroblast in vitro. These results indicate that RAGE serves a protective role in the lung, and that loss of the receptor is related to functional changes of pulmonary cell types, with the consequences of fibrotic disease.
High Susceptibility to Cry1Ac and Low Resistance Allele Frequency Reduce the Risk of Resistance of Helicoverpa armigera to Bt Soybean in Brazil (2016)

The Old World bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), was recently introduced into Brazil, where it has caused extensive damage to cotton and soybean crops. MON 87701 × MON 89788 soybean, which expresses the Bt protein Cry1Ac, was recently deployed in Brazil, providing high levels of control against H. armigera. To assess the risk of resistance to the Cry1Ac protein expressed by MON 87701 × MON 89788 soybean in Brazil, we conducted studies to evaluate the baseline susceptibility of H. armigera to Cry1Ac, in planta efficacy including the assessment of the high-dose criterion, and the initial resistance allele frequency based on an F2 screen. The mean Cry1Ac lethal concentration (LC50) ranged from 0.11 to 1.82 μg·mL-1 of diet among all H. armigera field populations collected from crop seasons 2013/14 to 2014/15, which indicated about 16.5-fold variation. MON 87701 × MON 89788 soybean exhibited a high level of efficacy against H. armigera and most likely met the high dose criterion against this target species in leaf tissue dilution bioassays up to 50 times. A total of 212 F2 family lines of H. armigera were established from field collections sampled from seven locations across Brazil and were screened for the presence of MON 87701 × MON 89788 soybean resistance alleles. None of the 212 families survived on MON 87701 × MON 89788 soybean leaf tissue (estimated allele frequency = 0.0011). The responses of H. armigera to Cry1Ac protein, high susceptibility to MON 87701 × MON 89788 soybean, and low frequency of resistance alleles across the main soybean-producing regions support the assumptions of a high-dose/refuge strategy. However, maintenance of reasonable compliance with the refuge recommendation will be essential to delay the evolution of resistance in H. armigera to MON 87701 × MON 89788 soybean in Brazil.
Spectroscopy of Pr~(3+) 4f5d Configuration in LaF_3 Nanocrystals/Oxyfluoride Glass Ceramics (2005)

There are two types of Pr3+ ion in the Pr3+ doped oxyfluoride glass containing LaF3 nanocrystal: the lowest 4f5d state of Pr3+ in LaF3 nanocrystal is located energetically higher than the 1S0 state, while in glass the lowest 4f5d state is lower than the 1S0 state. We deduce the positions of the lowe...
Snapshots of calcium carbonate formation – a step by step analysis (2017)

Abstract Recent advances in our understanding of CaCO 3 nucleation from solution have provoked new and challenging questions. We have studied CaCO 3 formation using precipitation by carbonate ester hydrolysis which ensures precipitation from a strictly homogeneous solution state and allows “titrating” carbonate to a solution with a given Ca 2+ concentration on a timescale suited for kinetic studies. Nucleation and crystallization were traced by combining dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). DLS served as in situ technique to identify the nucleation time, to monitor particle size evolution, to discriminate different precipitation mechanisms and to validate reproducibility. TEM snapshots taken during different stages of the precipitation process identified different phases and morphologies. At a high level of supersaturation homogeneous nucleation in solution led to the formation of amorphous CaCO 3 particles (Ø≈30 nm), which transformed via vaterite to calcite. Nucleation occurred uniformly in solution which appears to be unique for the CaCO 3 system. In the presence of Na-polymethacrylate (Na-PMA), heterogeneous nucleation was suppressed and Ca-polymer aggregates were formed in the prenucleation stage. Beyond a critical threshold supersaturation CaCO 3 particles formed in solution outside of these aggregates. The nucleation process resembled that without additive, indicating that Na-PMA exerts only a minor effect on the CaCO 3 nucleation. In the postnucleation stage, the polymer led to the formation of extended liquid-like networks, which served as a precursor phase for solid ACC particles that formed alongside the network.
Deep cryogenic noise and electrical characterization of the complementary heterojunction field-effect transistor (CHFET) (1994)

This paper discusses a characterization at 4 K of the complementary heterojunction field-effect transistor (CHFET), to examine its suitability for deep cryogenic (<10 K) readout electronics applications. The CHFET is a GaAs-based transistor analogous in structure and operation to silicon CMOS. The electrical properties including the gate leakage current, subthreshold transconductance, and input-referred noise voltage were examined. It is shown that both n-channel and p-channel CHFET's are fully functional at 4 K, with no anomalous behavior, such as hysteresis or kinks. Complementary circuit designs are possible, and a simple CHFET-based multiplexed op-amp is presented and characterized at 4 K. The noise and gate leakage current of the CHFET are presently several orders of magnitude too large for readout applications, however. The input-referred noise is on the order of 1 /spl mu/V//spl radic/(Hz) at 100 Hz for a 50/spl times/50 /spl mu/m n-channel CHFET. The gate current is strongly dependent on the doping at the gate edge, and is on the order of 10/sup -14/ A for a 10/spl times/10 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ n-channel CHFET with light gate-edge region doping.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Megaureter (2010)

Almost one-quarter of the children referred to a pediatric urologist for obstructive uropathy suffer from an obstructive megaureter. However, not all megaureters are due to obstruction, as some may be the result of reflux and many simply represent a slightly skewed stage of development that can result in a normal urinary tract if observed. As the use of fetal ultrasonography has expanded, the majority of children with megaureters are now diagnosed early in their development, and physicians are faced with the complex task of distinguishing which children need medical intervention and which do not. The surgical treatments of megaureter are well established, relatively simple, and effective if performed in the correct candidates. Therefore, research efforts in this field have recently focused on improving our ability to diagnose clinically relevant obstructive uropathy and examining the developmental causes of megaureter, and how this disorder may be prevented.
ChemInform Abstract: STRATEGY FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF CYLINDRICAL MACROPOLYCYCLIC HOSTS WITH HYDROPHILIC INTERIOR SURFACES: CROWN ETHER RINGS FUSED BY THE TETRAHYDROXYMETHYLETHYLENE (THYME) UNIT (1982)

Abstract Die im Titel genannte Synthesestrategie wird anhand einer Total‐ Synthese des zylindrischen macrocyclischen Polyethers (VII) demonstriert: Aus den Komponenten (I) und (II) ist die Verbindung (IIIa) erhältlich, die a) über die Stufe (IIIb) in das Tosylat (IIIc) bzw. b) in das Diol (IV) übergeführt wird.
A model of synovial fluid lubricant composition in normal and injured joints (2007)

The synovial fluid (SF) of joints normally functions as a biological lubricant, providing low-friction and low-wear properties to articulating cartilage surfaces through the putative contributions of proteoglycan 4 (PRG4), hyaluronic acid (HA), and surface active phospholipids (SAPL). These lubricants are secreted by chondrocytes in articular cartilage and synoviocytes in synovium, and concentrated in the synovial space by the semi-permeable synovial lining. A deficiency in this lubricating system may contribute to the erosion of articulating cartilage surfaces in conditions of arthritis. A quantitative intercompartmental model was developed to predict in vivo SF lubricant concentration in the human knee joint. The model consists of a SF compartment that (a) is lined by cells of appropriate types, (b) is bound by a semi-permeable membrane, and (c) contains factors that regulate lubricant secretion. Lubricant concentration was predicted with different chemical regulators of chondrocyte and synoviocyte secretion, and also with therapeutic interventions of joint lavage and HA injection. The model predicted steady-state lubricant concentrations that were within physiologically observed ranges, and which were markedly altered with chemical regulation. The model also predicted that when starting from a zero lubricant concentration after joint lavage, PRG4 reaches steady-state concentration approximately 10-40 times faster than HA. Additionally, analysis of the clearance rate of HA after therapeutic injection into SF predicted that the majority of HA leaves the joint after approximately 1-2 days. This quantitative intercompartmental model allows integration of biophysical processes to identify both environmental factors and clinical therapies that affect SF lubricant composition in whole joints.
Clinical Differences in c-Myc Expression in Early-Stage Gastric Neoplasia: A Retrospective Study Based on the WHO Classification (2022)

c-Myc is an oncogene that is dysregulated in various cancers. Early gastric neoplasia with c-Myc expression has been reported as a more malignant lesion. This study clarifies the differences in c-Myc expression in early gastric neoplasia based on the WHO classification. Samples from 100 patients with differentiated-type early gastric neoplasia, who underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection between March 2020 and January 2021, were stained for c-Myc. One hundred lesions were classified as low-grade dysplasia, high-grade dysplasia, or intramucosal adenocarcinoma. The staining intensity and extent were scored. A hierarchical cluster analysis for a clinicopathological analysis among the groups, the chi-square test, Bonferroni correction, and residual analysis were performed. Subgroup one and two consisted of 39 patients; while subgroup three consisted of 22. Significant differences among various characteristics were observed between these subgroups. The frequency of low-grade dysplasia was significantly higher, while that of high-grade dysplasia was significantly lower in subgroup three. The frequency of intramucosal adenocarcinoma was significantly higher in subgroup one. The c-Myc positivity rate was significantly higher in subgroup one compared with that in subgroup three. c-Myc expression distinctly differed in early gastric neoplasia. c-Myc-negative low-grade dysplasia may be separately categorized from c-Myc-positive low-grade dysplasia, high-grade dysplasia, and intramucosal adenocarcinoma.
Workshops (2021)

The workshops presented at ICWSM 2013 included Computational Personality Recognition (Shared Task), Social Computing for Workforce 2.0, Social Media Visualization, and When The City Meets The Citizen.
Ruminal methane emissions, metabolic, and microbial profile of Holstein steers fed forage and concentrate, separately or as a total mixed ration (2018)

Few studies have examined the effects of feeding total mixed ration (TMR) versus roughage and concentrate separately (SF) on ruminant methane production. Therefore, this study compared differences in methane production, ruminal characteristics, total tract digestibility of nutrients, and rumen microbiome between the two feeding methods in Holstein steers. A total six Holstein steers of initial bodyweights 540 ± 34 kg were divided into two groups and assigned to a same experimental diet with two different feeding systems (TMR or SF) in a crossover design with 21 d periods. The experimental diet contained 73% concentrate and 27% forage and were fed twice a day. The total tract digestibility of crude protein, neutral detergent fibre, and organic matter were not affected by the two different feeding systems. Steers fed TMR emitted more methane (138.5 vs. 118.2 L/d; P < 0.05) and lost more gross energy as methane energy (4.0 vs. 3.5% gross energy intake; P = 0.005) compared to those fed SF. Steers fed TMR had greater (P < 0.05) total volatile fatty acid (VFA), ammonia-N concentrations and propionate proportion of total VFA at 1.5 h, whereas lower after that compared to steers fed SF. The greater (P < 0.05) acetate: propionate ratio at 4.5 h for steers fed TMR reflected the shift of H2 sink from propionate towards acetate synthesis. The lower (P < 0.05) isobutyrate and isovalerate proportions of total VFA observed in steers fed TMR implies decrease in net consumption of H2 for microbial protein synthesis compared to SF. There were no differences in both major bacterial and archaeal diversity between TMR and SF, unlike several minor bacterial abundances. The minor groups such as Coprococcus, Succiniclasticum, Butyrivibrio, and Succinivibrio were associated with the changes in ruminal VFA profiles or methanogenesis indirectly. Overall, these results indicate that SF reduces methane emissions from ruminants and increases propionate proportion of total VFA without affecting total tract digestion compared to TMR. There were no evidences that the response differed due to different major underlying microbial population.
The water channel protein aquaporin 1 regulates cellular metabolism and competitive fitness in a global fungal pathogen C ryptococcus neoformans (2017)

In this study, an aquaporin protein, Aqp1, in Cryptococcus neoformans, which can lead either saprobic or parasitic lifestyles and causes life-threatening fungal meningitis was identified and characterized. AQP1 expression was rapidly induced (via the HOG pathway) by osmotic or oxidative stress. In spite of such transcriptional regulation, Aqp1 was found to be largely unnecessary for adaptation to diverse environmental stressors, regardless of the presence of the polysaccharide capsule. The latter is shown here to be a key environmental-stress protectant for C. neoformans. Furthermore, Aqp1 was not required for the development and virulence of C. neoformans. Deletion of AQP1 increased hydrophobicity of the cell surface. The comparative metabolic profiling analysis of the aqp1Δ mutant and AQP1-overexpressing strains revealed that deletion of AQP1 significantly increased cellular accumulation of primary and secondary metabolites, whereas overexpression of AQP1 depleted such metabolites, suggesting that this water channel protein performs a critical function in metabolic homeostasis. In line with this result, it was found that the aqp1Δ mutant (which is enriched with diverse metabolites) survived better than the wild type and a complemented strain, indicating that Aqp1 is likely to be involved in competitive fitness of this fungal pathogen.
Alpha-, Beta- and Gammaherpesviruses Encode a Putative Phosphotransferase (1989)

We have sequenced a gene in human cytomegalovirus and a homologous gene in human herpesvirus 6 which could specify a product related to protein kinases. This gene appears to be generic in the herpesvirus family as homologues were found in three other human herpesviruses. The five sequences were aligned and found to be quite divergent. Some of the differences occur at amino acid positions which are functionally important and highly conserved in known protein kinases. Hence these genes may represent a significant departure from known protein kinases in terms of structure and/or function.
Different Models on Binding of Aromatic Counterions to Polyelectrolytes (2010)

The standard theory regarding the interactions between polyelectrolytes and their counterions is based on long-range electrostatic interactions. However, aromatic counterions may undergo short-range aromatic-aromatic interactions with polyelectrolytes containing aromatic rings so that ion pairs may be formed. The charge of the polymeric aromatic groups and the linear aromatic density of the polyelectrolytes play an important role on the behavior of the systems. Self-aggregation of counterions on the polymer environment can be controlled.
RNA‐Based Immunostimulatory Liposomal Spherical Nucleic Acids as Potent TLR7/8 Modulators (2018)

Immunostimulatory spherical nucleic acids (IS-LSNAs) comprised of RNA selective for toll-like receptors (TLRs) 7/8 are synthesized and characterized. These structures consist of liposomal cores functionalized with a dense shell of RNA inserted into the wall of the lipid core via hydrophobic cholesterol moieties. IS-LSNAs potently activate TLR7/8 via NF-κΒ signaling in reporter cell lines and in primary immune cells as evidenced by cytokine production and the upregulation of costimulatory receptors. Importantly, they are preferentially taken up by plasmacytoid dendritic cells, an observation that makes them potentially useful for immunotherapy. In addition, these structures contain a core that can be loaded with antigens and used to prime T cells. In this regard, it is shown that dendritic cells treated with IS-SNAs loaded with ovalbumin peptide can prime ova specific CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells. In addition to introducing the first IS-LSNAs consisting of RNA, these experiments show that one can facilitate an antigen-specific T cell response greater than that of free or cationic lipid-transfected RNA of the same sequence selective for TLR7/8. This work points toward the promise of using IS-LSNAs comprised of RNA as potent and highly tunable TLR-specific agents for the development of vaccines and other pharmaceuticals that require selective immunomodulation.
Probe-based and bifocal approaches for phase-referenced low coherence interferometry (2006)

We present probe-based and bifocal variations of the dual-beam low coherence interferometer for measuring sub-nanometer path differences with transverse resolution ~1 micron. Scanning images of a fly compound eye and single cheek cells are demonstrated.
Relationship between matrix pencil and state space based harmonic retrieval methods (1990)

The author studies the relationship between a state-space approach and the matrix-pencil method for the problem of estimating the parameters of damped and undamped sinusoids. It is shown that the methods are very similar in the exact data case and have minor difference in implementation in the noisy data case.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A Single Amino Acid Difference between Mouse and Human 5-Lipoxygenase Activating Protein (FLAP) Explains the Speciation and Differential Pharmacology of Novel FLAP Inhibitors (2016)

5-Lipoxygenase activating protein (FLAP) plays a critical role in the metabolism of arachidonic acid to leukotriene A4, the precursor to the potent pro-inflammatory mediators leukotriene B4 and leukotriene C4 Studies with small molecule inhibitors of FLAP have led to the discovery of a drug binding pocket on the protein surface, and several pharmaceutical companies have developed compounds and performed clinical trials. Crystallographic studies and mutational analyses have contributed to a general understanding of compound binding modes. During our own efforts, we identified two unique chemical series. One series demonstrated strong inhibition of human FLAP but differential pharmacology across species and was completely inactive in assays with mouse or rat FLAP. The other series was active across rodent FLAP, as well as human and dog FLAP. Comparison of rodent and human FLAP amino acid sequences together with an analysis of a published crystal structure led to the identification of amino acid residue 24 in the floor of the putative binding pocket as a likely candidate for the observed speciation. On that basis, we tested compounds for binding to human G24A and mouse A24G FLAP mutant variants and compared the data to that generated for wild type human and mouse FLAP. These studies confirmed that a single amino acid mutation was sufficient to reverse the speciation observed in wild type FLAP. In addition, a PK/PD method was established in canines to enable preclinical profiling of mouse-inactive compounds.