gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intermittent Epoprostenol Infusions in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Associated Pulmonary Hypertension—A Series of Three Cases (2003)

Although intermittent EPO infusion did not substantially reduce PASP, it prevented further rise in PAP during the treatment period, suggesting that this regimen may benefit a subset of SLE patients with PHT.
Use of a Sonogashira−Acetylide Coupling Strategy for the Synthesis of the Aromatic Spiroketal Skeleton of γ-Rubromycin (2003)

[reaction: see text] The synthesis of the fused aromatic spiroketal core of gamma-rubromycin is described via addition of an aryl acetylide fragment to an aryl acetaldehyde fragment. In turn, the aryl acetylene precursor was readily prepared with use of a Sonogashira reaction.
Nano-Drugs Based on Nano Sterically Stabilized Liposomes for the Treatment of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases (2015)

The present study shows the advantages of liposome-based nano-drugs as a novel strategy of delivering active pharmaceutical ingredients for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases that involve neuroinflammation. We used the most common animal model for multiple sclerosis (MS), mice experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). The main challenges to overcome are the drugs' unfavorable pharmacokinetics and biodistribution, which result in inadequate therapeutic efficacy and in drug toxicity (due to high and repeated dosage). We designed two different liposomal nano-drugs, i.e., nano sterically stabilized liposomes (NSSL), remote loaded with: (a) a "water-soluble" amphipathic weak acid glucocorticosteroid prodrug, methylprednisolone hemisuccinate (MPS) or (b) the amphipathic weak base nitroxide, Tempamine (TMN). For the NSSL-MPS we also compared the effect of passive targeting alone and of active targeting based on short peptide fragments of ApoE or of β-amyloid. Our results clearly show that for NSSL-MPS, active targeting is not superior to passive targeting. For the NSSL-MPS and the NSSL-TMN it was demonstrated that these nano-drugs ameliorate the clinical signs and the pathology of EAE. We have further investigated the MPS nano-drug's therapeutic efficacy and its mechanism of action in both the acute and the adoptive transfer EAE models, as well as optimizing the perfomance of the TMN nano-drug. The highly efficacious anti-inflammatory therapeutic feature of these two nano-drugs meets the criteria of disease-modifying drugs and supports further development and evaluation of these nano-drugs as potential therapeutic agents for diseases with an inflammatory component.
Light Management in Organic Photovoltaics Processed in Ambient Conditions Using ZnO Nanowire and Antireflection Layer with Nanocone Array (2019)

Low carrier mobility and lifetime in semiconductor polymers are some of the main challenges facing the field of organic photovoltaics (OPV) in the quest for efficient devices with high current density. Finding novel strategies such as device structure engineering is a key pathway toward addressing this issue. In this work, the light absorption and carrier collection of OPV devices are improved by employment of ZnO nanowire (NW) arrays with an optimum NW length (50 nm) and antireflection (AR) film with nanocone structure. The optical characterization results show that ZnO NW increases the transmittance of the electron transporting layer as well as the absorption of the polymer blend. Moreover, the as-deposited polymer blend on the ZnO NW array shows better charge transfer as compared to the planar sample. By employing PC70BM:PV2000 as a promising air-stable active-layer, power conversion efficiencies of 9.8% and 10.1% are achieved for NW devices without and with an AR film, indicating 22.5% and 26.2% enhancement in PCE as compared to that of planar device. Moreover, it is shown that the AR film enhances the water-repellent ability of the OPV device.
Fabrication of Submicrometer High Refractive Index Tantalum Pentoxide Waveguides for Optical Propulsion of Microparticles (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Design, fabrication, and optimization of tantalum pentoxide (<formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\hbox{Ta}_{2}\hbox{O}_{5}$</tex> </formula>) waveguides to obtain low-loss guidance at a wavelength of 1070 nm are reported. The high-refractive index contrast (<formula formulatype="inline"> <tex Notation="TeX">${\mit\Delta}n\sim 0.65$</tex></formula>, compared to silicon oxide) of <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\hbox{Ta}_{2}\hbox{O}_{5}$</tex> </formula> allows strong confinement of light in waveguides of submicrometer thickness (200 nm), with enhanced intensity in the evanescent field. We have employed the strong evanescent field from the waveguide to propel micro-particles with higher velocity than previously reported. An optical propelling velocity of 50 <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\mu\hbox{m/s}$</tex> </formula> was obtained for 8-<formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\mu\hbox{m}$</tex> </formula> polystyrene particles with guided power of only 20 mW. </para>
Dielectric apertures for mode control in low threshold and single mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (2002)

Oxide-confinement has changed the design approach to realize low threshold, high efficiency vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs). Numerous record results have resulted including ultralow threshold currents, high wall-plug efficiency (60 %), and high speed (20 GHz). However, the aperture approach so effectively demonstrated with selective oxidation extends beyond low threshold VCSELs and represents a new means of controlling optical modes in otherwise planar, Fabry-Perot microcavities.
High-Power Single-Cycle Mid-Infrared Transients Generated via Intra-Pulse Difference-Frequency Mixing at 2 μm (2019)

Summary form only given. The development of high-power, ultrafast coherent light sources in the mid-infrared (MIR) spectral region is subject to intensive research, due to the promise of improving both time- and frequency-domain spectroscopic methods, in particular for background-free field-resolved spectroscopy (FRS) [1,2]. In FRS, the molecular vibrational response of a sample upon impulsive, resonant excitation is measured in the time domain, e.g., via electro-optic sampling (EOS). Recent efforts have identified frequency down-conversion via intra-pulse difference frequency generation (IPDFG) as a viable route for producing high-power, waveform-stable MIR pulses for FRS [2,3]. With 2-μm driving sources, broader bandwidths [4,5] and higher efficiencies [5] can be achieved compared to 1-μm and 1.5-μm, in part due to a wider variety of nonlinear crystals with a high nonlinearity. Here, we present IPDFG driven by a 2-μm, thulium-fibre chirped-pulse amplification (CPA) system. This source uniquely combines broad bandwidth (6-18 μm), high average power (0.5 W), waveform stability, and a high repetition rate (50 MHz). In addition, we demonstrate for the first time EOS of the MIR using a short, high-power 2-μm sampling pulse.
State-of-the-Practice: Rapid Bridge Deck Replacement Construction Techniques (2009)

This document is the summary of results from a survey that was conducted to evaluate the state-of-the-practice for rapid bridge deck replacement (RBDR) construction techniques by State Highway Agencies (SHA) across the nation. The survey consisted of 25 questions in nine categories: Background and Experience, Decision-Making Factors, Schedule, Construction Techniques, Contractual Methods, Cost, Safety, Construction Technologies, and Lessons Learned. A total of 51 responses were received and analyzed. The responses included 47 SHAs (94% response rate), Chesapeake Bay Bridge Authority, District Department of Transportation, New Jersey Turnpike Authority, New York State Bridge Authority, and North Carolina Turnpike Authority.
Brain-Inspired Golden Chip Free Hardware Trojan Detection (2021)

Since 2007, the use of side-channel measurements for detecting Hardware Trojan (HT) has been extensively studied. However, the majority of works either rely on a golden chip, or they rely on methods that are not robust against subtle acceptable changes that would occur over the life-cycle of an integrated circuit (IC). In this paper, we propose using a brain-inspired architecture called Hierarchical Temporal Memory (HTM) for HT detection. Similar to the human brain, our proposed solution is resilient against <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">natural</i> changes that might happen in the side-channel measurements while being able to accurately detect abnormal behavior of the chip when the HT gets triggered. We use a self-referencing method for HT detection, which eliminates the need for the golden chip. The effectiveness of our approach is evaluated using TrustHub benchmarks, which shows 92.20% detection accuracy on average.
Oligonucleotide Fingerprinting of Arrayed Genomic DNA Sequences Using LNA-Modified Hybridization Probes (2007)

Recently, we established a robust method for the detection of hybridization events using a DNA microarray deposited on a nanoporous membrane. Here, in a follow-up study, we demonstrate the performance of this approach on a larger set of LNA-modified oligoprobes and genomic DNA sequences. Twenty-six different LNA-modified 7-mer oligoprobes were hybridized to a set of 66 randomly selected human genomic DNA clones spotted on a nanoporous membrane slide. Subsequently, assay sensitivity analysis was performed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Comparison of LNA-modified heptamers and DNA heptamers revealed that the LNA modification clearly improved sensitivity and specificity of hybridization experiment. Clustering analysis was applied in order to test practical performance of hybridization experiments with LNA-modified oligoprobes in recognizing similarity of genomic DNA sequences. Comparing the results with the theoretical sequence clusters, we conclude that the application of LNA-modified oligoprobes allows for reliable clustering of DNA sequences which reflects the underlying sequence homology. Our results show that LNA-modified oligoprobes can be used effectively to unravel sequence similarity of DNA sequences and thus, to characterize the content of unknown DNA libraries.
Conversion of high-power femtosecond laser pulse to supercontinuum in atmospheric air (2003)

We present the simulations and experimental results on white light generation in the filamentation of high-power femtosecond laser pulse in atmospheric air. We have shown that the strong spatio-temporal localization of the light field in the filament, which provides supercontinuum generation, is sustained due to the dynamic transformation of the field on the whole transverse scale of the beam, including its periphery. Because of the correct consideration of the low-intensity large-scale background of the radiation and high-intensity small-scale filament we obtained the quantitative agreement between the simulated and experimentally obtained conical emission angles of a 250 fs 800 nm 10 mJ pulse. It has been found that the sources of the supercontinuum blue wing are in the rings surrounding the filament as well as at the back of the pulse, where the shock wave formation enhanced by self-steepening takes place. We demonstrated that the conversion efficiency of initially narrow laser pulse spectrum into the supercontinuum depends on the length of filament with high intensity gradients and can be increased by introducing initial chirp into the pulse.
Penile transplantation: an emerging option for genitourinary reconstruction (2017)

Penile transplantation is an emerging option for patients with severe genital defects not amenable to traditional reconstructive options. In this article, we discuss the burgeoning problem of severe male genitourinary trauma in the military, the limitations of traditional reconstructive options in addressing these problems, and the potential for penile transplantation to provide improved outcomes. We also review the preclinical research and limited worldwide experience with penile transplantation to date, including lessons learned, and discuss the many important technical, logistical, and ethical considerations pertaining to penile transplantation that must be addressed to maximize the likelihood of successful implementation.
AptaStrensor (aptamer-based sensor for stress monitoring): The interrelationship between NPY and cortisol towards chronic disease monitoring (2022)

Cortisol and NPY are two biomarkers that have been shown to be related with stress, the latter being more associated with neurological stress. The modulation of these biomarkers can be dependent on several factors such as the type and duration of stress one is exposed to. Understanding the role and interplay between these two biomarkers in the modulation of stress would be expedient in the treatment and management of chronic conditions associated with stress. This paper reports the novel use of aptamers for the simultaneous detection of NPY and cortisol in ultra-low volumes (∼2 μL) human sweat, using non- Faradaic Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (nF- EIS). The ions in the sweat rearrange to form an electrical double layer on the electrode surface when the electrode is biased. nF- EIS is able to isolate the modulations in the capacitive region of the electrical double layer as a result of biomarkers binding to their respective aptamers. This paper reports a detection range of 1ng/mL-256 ng/mL for cortisol and 1pg/mL-256 pg/mL for NPY, both covering the physiological ranges for NPY and cortisol respectively in human sweat. In this work, we hypothesize that physical stress would induce an increase in the concentration of cortisol in sweat while expecting to see little to no rise in NPY since NPY has been shown to be modulated in pyschological stress. The developed AptaStrensor platform was demonstrated to detect an upregulation of cortisol in human sweat when subjects were introduced to physical stress (p < 0.05). Concurrently, the developed platform was sensitive enough to detect no significant difference in NPY levels in human sweat when the subjects were subjected to physical stress (p > 0.05). This platform is envisioned to help understand the interplay between cortisol and NPY as a means of monitoring stress-associated chronic conditions.
Macrophage Biocompatibility of CoCr Wear Particles Produced under Polarization in Hyaluronic Acid Aqueous Solution (2018)

Macrophages are the main cells involved in inflammatory processes and in the primary response to debris derived from wear of implanted CoCr alloys. The biocompatibility of wear particles from a high carbon CoCr alloy produced under polarization in hyaluronic acid (HA) aqueous solution was evaluated in J774A.1 mouse macrophages cultures. Polarization was applied to mimic the electrical interactions observed in living tissues. Wear tests were performed in a pin-on-disk tribometer integrating an electrochemical cell in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) and in PBS supplemented with 3 g/L HA, an average concentration that is generally found in synovial fluid, used as lubricant solution. Wear particles produced in 3 g/L HA solution showed a higher biocompatibility in J774A.1 macrophages in comparison to those elicited by particles obtained in PBS. A considerable enhancement in macrophages biocompatibility in the presence of 3 g/L of HA was further observed by the application of polarization at potentials having current densities typical of injured tissues suggesting that polarization produces an effect on the surface of the metallic material that leads to the production of wear particles that seem to be macrophage-biocompatible and less cytotoxic. The results showed the convenience of considering the influence of the electric interactions in the chemical composition of debris detached from metallic surfaces under wear corrosion to get a better understanding of the biological effects caused by the wear products.
A Simple Synthesis of 4-Thiazolidinones, Tetrahydro-1,3-thiazin-4-one and Hexahydro-1,3-thiazepin-4-ones from Amide-Thiols (Studies on the Syntheses of Heterocyclic Compounds 749) (1978)

Acid-catalyzed cyclisation reaction of the secondary amides (& " &Q) possessing a mercapto group at a-, 0or y-position with aldehydes gave some novel 4-thiazolidinones (&,& s k t ) , tetrahydro-1.3-thiazin-4-ones(&? " & ) , and hexahydro-1,3-thiazepin-4-ones (,?& and &z), and the reduction of the cyclisation products ,&,&&k and 22 with lithium aluminium hydride afforded thiazolidine (#,I, tetrahydro-1,3-thiazine (ZZ), and hexahydro-1,3-thiazepine ( @ , I , respectively.We have previously reported2"6 that the secondary amides possessinq a hydroxyl group at a-,4or y-position (&) (n=0,1,2) reacted with various carbonyl compounds in the presence of acid catalyst to give cyclisation products ( 2 ) (n=0,1,2). 1 % 2 As an extension of this work, we have investigated a cyclisation .
Development of Smart Polymer Microparticles through Suspension Polymerization for Treatment of Schistosomiasis (2019)

Abstract Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease that affects millions of people, especially low‐income people, and is considered a major public health problem in underdeveloped countries. The drug used most often for the treatment of the disease is praziquantel (PZQ), which has a strong and characteristic bitter taste that makes treatment of children inconvenient. For this reason, the present work investigates the development of smart pH‐sensitive polymer microparticles produced through suspension polymerizations to be used as vehicles for the controlled release of praziquantel in the body. The microparticles are produced through copolymerization of methyl methacrylate and the cationic comonomers diethylaminoethyl methacrylate or dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate. The obtained results indicate that microparticles with sizes in the range of 10–1100 µm can be formed successfully, allowing high PZQ encapsulation efficiencies (&gt;80%). Zeta potential analyses and drug release assays confirm the pH‐sensitive responses of the cationic copolymers, leading to effective release of PZQ (around 80% in pH 1.2) in acidic media that simulate the organic fluids present in the stomach.
Pdf Sharpening For Multichannel Predictive Coders (2006)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Florence, Italy, 2006
Electron-Transfer Oxidation Properties of DNA Bases and DNA Oligomers (2005)

Kinetics for the thermal and photoinduced electron-transfer oxidation of a series of DNA bases with various oxidants having the known one-electron reduction potentials (E(red)) in an aqueous solution at 298 K were examined, and the resulting electron-transfer rate constants (k(et)) were evaluated in light of the free energy relationship of electron transfer to determine the one-electron oxidation potentials (E(ox)) of DNA bases and the intrinsic barrier of the electron transfer. Although the E(ox) value of GMP at pH 7 is the lowest (1.07 V vs SCE) among the four DNA bases, the highest E(ox) value (CMP) is only 0.19 V higher than that of GMP. The selective oxidation of GMP in the thermal electron-transfer oxidation of GMP results from a significant decrease in the pH dependent oxidation potential due to the deprotonation of GMP*+. The one-electron reduced species of the photosensitizer produced by photoinduced electron transfer are observed as the transient absorption spectra when the free energy change of electron transfer is negative. The rate constants of electron-transfer oxidation of the guanine moieties in DNA oligomers with Fe(bpy)3(3+) and Ru(bpy)3(3+) were also determined using DNA oligomers containing different guanine (G) sequences from 1 to 10 G. The rate constants of electron-transfer oxidation of the guanine moieties in single- and double-stranded DNA oligomers with Fe(bpy)3(2+) and Ru(bpy)3(3+) are dependent on the number of sequential guanine molecules as well as on pH.
When Worlds Collide: Autoimmunity and Atherosclerosis (2009)

It has been known for many years that individuals with autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease1,2. While it is unclear whether the presence of autoantibodies is responsible for the increased risk, such a possibility seems inherently plausible since at least some autoantibodies (such as lupus anticoagulant and antiphospholipid antibodies, but also more recently anti-hsp60 antibodies3) are known to modulate clotting cascades and are associated with increased risk of thrombus formation. In parallel, it has been known since the 1980s that autoantibodies against oxidized lipoprotein epitopes are prevalent in subjects with clinically significant atherosclerosis4. There are several possible causes of such an association: lipid oxidation is more common among individuals with atherosclerosis, so increased presence of the epitope could increase prevalence of antibodies. Alternatively, changes in immune system regulation associated with a systemic proinflammatory status might increase the likelihood of an autoimmune response against oxidized lipoproteins, or indeed against other self-antigens such as heat shock proteins. Irrespective of the pathways responsible, these autoantibodies associated with atherosclerosis could merely mark processes that are pathogenic, or they could themselves modulate disease progression. There is considerable debate as to the role of such autoantibodies, with the possibility that IgG against oxidized low density lipoprotein (LDL) are pathogenic while IgM antibodies against similar epitopes are protective5 … Address correspondence to Dr. Grainger. E-mail: djg15{at}cam.ac.uk
Six-year incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy in Indian adults: the Singapore Indian Eye study (2019)

DR incidence and progression in migrant Indians living in Singapore was more than double that reported in Indians living in urban India. Consistent with past studies, poor glycaemic control was an important predictor for incidence and progression of DR.