gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Targeted MRI contrast agents based on comb- and tree-like poly-DOTA conjugated somatostatin analogs (2005)

Introduction: Currently used MRI contrast agents are unspecific towards the identification of diseased tissues. Targeted MRI-contrast agents are therefore of interest. The most frequently used radio-peptides in the clinic are somatostatin analogs for neuroendocrine tumor imaging and radiotherapy. Higher accumulation in the target is needed for contrast enhanced MRI but also in targeted radiotherapy and can be obtained by grafting several Gd(III)/111In/90Y chelates onto the peptide carrier. Aim: We synthesized Tyr3-Thr8-Octreotide (TATE) carrying multiple DOTA chelators allowing higher targeted doses to tumors and studied the pharmacologic properties of these molecules. Results: Internalization studies (AR4-2J tumor cells) showed no significant difference after 4h between [111In-DOTA]-TATE and the tree-like compounds [111In-DOTA]4-Apg3-Sar5-TATE and [153Gd-DOTA]4-Apg3-Sar5-TATE. After 4 h the internalization of the comb-like compound [111In-DOTA]4-linLys3-Sar5-TATE decreased significantly by a factor of 2. The internalization results highly correlate with the IC50 values from binding assays. The biodistribution studies (rat tumor AR4–2J model) showed a high and specific uptake in tumor and receptor positive tissue. [111In-DOTA]-TATE showed a tumor uptake of 4.1%id/g and a tumor-to-kidney ratio of 1.7:1, whereas [111In-DOTA]4-Apg3-Sar5-TATE showed a tumor uptake of only 1.9%id/g but no significantly different uptake into the somatostatin receptor positive organs. Compared to Gd(DOTA)−(r1=3.83 mM−1s−1/20 MHz/37°C), the relaxivity of [Gd-DOTA]4-Apg3-Sar5-TATE (r1=8.9 mM−1s−1/20 MHz/37°C/per Gd) increased by a factor of 2.3 which is due to its increased rotational correlation time of 490 ps (vs. 177 ps for Gd(DOTA)−). Conclusion: Despite major modifications at the N-terminus of the octapeptide and the complexation with different (radio-)metals, the internalization rate was not highly influenced. [111In-DOTA]4-Apg3-Sar5-TATE showed a high uptake in somatostatin receptor positive tissue but somewhat lower uptake in the tumor compared with the parent peptide. This also holds for the Gd(III) modified peptides and encourages the future use of these molecules in animal models for targeted MRI diagnosis.
Toward Low-Cost All-Organic and Biodegradable Li-Ion Batteries (2020)

This work presents an alternative method for fabricating Li-ion electrodes in which the use of aluminum/copper current collectors and expensive binders is avoided. Low-cost natural cellulose fibers with a 2-mm length are employed as binder and support for the electrode. The objective of this method is to eliminate the use of heavy and inactive current collector foils as substrates and to replace conventional costly binders with cellulose fibers. Moreover, no harmful solvents, such as N-methylpyrrolidone, are employed for film fabrication. Water-soluble carbons are also utilized to reduce the preparation time and to achieve a better repartition of carbon in the electrode, thus improving the electrochemical performance. Flexible and resistant LiFePO<sub>4</sub> (LFP), Li<sub>4</sub>Ti<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub> (LTO), organic 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA), and graphite electrodes are obtained with active mass loadings similar to those obtained by the current casting method. The initial discharge capacity of approximately 130 mAh·g<sup>-1</sup> at 2 C is obtained for an LFP/LTO paper battery with an approximately 91.6% capacity retention after 1000 cycles. An all-organic prelithiated PTCDA/graphite cell without a transition metal is prepared and electrochemically tested. It is one of the first self-standing batteries that is composed of organic redox active molecules and biodegradable components reported in literature.
Guessing Cost: Applications to Distributed DataStorage and Repair in Cellular Networks (2020)

The notion of guessing cost (also referred to as the cost of guessing) is introduced and an optimal strategy for the $\rho$-th moment of guessing cost is provided for a random variable taking values on a finite set whereby each choice is associated with a positive finite cost value. Moreover, we drive asymptotically tight upper and lower bounds on the moments of cost of guessing problem. Similar to previous studies on the standard guesswork, established bounds on the moments of guessing cost quantify the accumulated cost of guesses required for correctly identifying the unknown choice and are expressed in terms of the Renyi's entropy. Moreover, anew random variable is introduced to establish connections between the guessing cost and the standard guesswork. Based on this observation, further improved bounds are conjectured in the non-asymptotic region by borrowing ideas from recent works given for the standard guesswork. Finally, we establish the guessing cost exponent in terms of the Renyi's entropy rate on the moments of the optimal guessing cost by considering a sequence of independent random variables. Finally, these bounds are shown to be very useful for bounding the overall repair bandwidth for distributed data storage systems. Our particular application utilizes a sparse graph code (low-density parity-check codes) in conjunction with a back-up master which is pretty common in cellular networks.
Wavelength-swept laser based on semiconductor optical amplifier for dynamic optical fiber sensors (2016)

We report two kinds of wavelength-swept lasers based on semiconductor optical amplifier for dynamic optical fiber sensors. The wavelength-swept laser has a linear relationship that exists between wavelength and time. As an application using the wavelength-swept laser for dynamic optical fiber sensors, we measure a dynamic modulation frequency of the applied electric field using a nematic liquid crystal cell. The amplitude modulation frequency is measured up to 2.5 kHz.
Household size, T regulatory cell development, and early allergic disease: a birth cohort study (2022)

Multiple prenatal and postnatal microbial factors are associated with nTreg and aTreg development. Larger household size was associated with higher nTreg at birth which in turn was associated with reduced allergic sensitization and disease at 12 months of age.
CT Colonography: Influence of 3D Viewing and Polyp Candidate Features on Interpretation with Computer-aided Detection (2006)

Use of 3D viewing increases reader accuracy in the classification of polyp candidates identified with CAD. Polyp size and examination quality are significantly associated with accuracy.
An Analytical Model for a Piezoelectric Axially Driven Membrane Microcompressor for Optimum Scaled Down Design (2012)

A new and comprehensive analytical model for membrane microcompressors driven axially by a single lead zirconium titanate (PZT) stack actuator that incorporates assembly variation errors is presented. The model can be used as a future design aid, to predict dynamic device performance as a function of error severity and as microcompressor dimensions are scaled down from the macro to micro scale. The major conclusion of this work is that since micro compressors can be made adjustable to achieve maximum compression ratio another factor besides assembly variation error reduces the achievable compression ratio. An analytical method to predict the maximum pressure to within ∼5% of that experimentally measured is developed. Also, a numerical method to predict the maximum pressure to within ∼0.6% of that experimentally measured is defined. Moreover, an analytical method to predict the compression ratio degradation factor as a function of assembly variation error for adjustable and fixed devices is presented. It is shown that compression ratio is a function of this single net error parameter, and that this function is scale invariant. The model also outputs membrane moments, vertical shear forces, and stresses throughout actuation cycles.
Inactivation of Membrane Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha by Gingipains fromPorphyromonas gingivalis (2005)

Gingipains are cysteine proteinases produced by Porphyromonas gingivalis, a major causative bacterium of adult periodontitis. They consist of arginine-specific (HRgpA and RgpB) and lysine-specific (Kgp) proteinases. Gingipains strongly affect the host defense system by degrading some cytokines, components of the complement system, and several immune cell receptors. In an in vitro model, gingipains were shown to degrade soluble tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). However, since membrane TNF-alpha shows strong biological activity, especially in local inflammatory lesions, it was worth investigating whether gingipains might also destroy membrane TNF-alpha and limit its biological activities. To avoid a possible influence of gingipains on ADAM17, the secretase of TNF-alpha, the majority of experiments were performed using ADAM17-/- fibroblasts stably transfected with cDNA of human pro-TNF-alpha (ADAM17-/- TNF+). Arginine-specific gingipains (Rgp's) strongly diminished the level of TNF-alpha on the cell surface as measured by flow cytometry, and this process was not accompanied by an increased concentration of soluble TNF-alpha in the culture medium. Degradation of membrane TNF-alpha by Rgp's correlated with a strong decrease in TNF-alpha-mediated biological activities of ADAM17-/- TNF+ cells. First, the activation state of transcription factor NF-kappaB was suppressed; second, the cells were no longer able to induce apoptosis in HL-60 cells. Kgp was also able to cleave membrane TNF-alpha, but its effect was much weaker than that of Rgp's. Gingipains also limited the binding of native TNF-alpha to the target cells. Thus, gingipains are able not only to cleave soluble TNF-alpha but also to destroy the membrane form of the cytokine, which may additionally dysregulate the cytokine network.
Multi-year ground-based irradiance dataset in a northern urban climate (2016)

A multi-year irradiance dataset has been collected using secondary standard pyrheliometer and pyranometers at a Canadian urban test site. Detailed screening algorithms, instrument bias corrections, and uncertainty analyses were undertaken to produce a high accuracy, validated dataset for global horizontal irradiance (GHI), direct normal irradiance (DNI) and diffuse horizontal irradiance (DHI). The inter-comparison of the three instruments is included within a study of the DHI shadowband correction model, and confirms agreement with mean bias errors less than 4%. Comparative studies of measurements with satellite data were undertaken, and the agreement for GHI daily values with NASA satellite data exhibited a relative mean bias error (rMBE) of -1.7% and a relative root mean squared error (rRMSE) of 24.3%. The agreement for DNI hourly values in comparison to SolarAnywhere v3 was -1.2% with an rRMSE of 8.8%. In all three statistical analyses, the agreements are within the instrumental uncertainty, providing very strong validations of the ground-based dataset and of the accuracy of the satellite-derived data. Frequency distribution versus DNI for ground and satellite data are found to have some differences in-line with the nature of their measurement characteristics.
Monte carlo simulation of polymers in steady potential flows (1994)

Abstract This work presents a study of the configurational properties of bead‐spring chains in steady‐state potential flows. These properties are obtained from off‐lattice Monte Carlo simulations. The results of our simulations compare favourably with theoretical results for phantom chains. We investigate the effects of excluded volume and hydrodynamic interaction on the configurations of the chains, and compare our results to the predictions of scaling arguments. The scaling law observed here for the latter case deviates from theoretical predictions but is in agreement with findings reported from molecular dynamics simulations.
A Version-aware Approach for Web Service Client Application (2007)

An increasing number of enterprises demonstrate that successful adoption of Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) using Web services technologies enables them to build enterprise applications quickly and effectively. To align with changing business requirement, services need to adapt quickly, and eventually multiple versions of the same original service would coexist. To manage all these versions and ensure continuous availability to the service consumers, innovative techniques of version management for Web services become critical to realizing the full promise of SOA. To address the version management issues in Web services, we propose to include version-awareness to various aspects of web services as an extension to the current SOA. In particular, to minimize the impact of service changes on the service consumer side, we design a version-aware web service client model (via an enhancement to the current JAX-RPC client model) which provides both consumer-aware and consumer-transparent invocation styles at build-time and dynamic service proxy generation at runtime. Leveraging the present implementation of the JAX-RPC service model, the Versioned Client APIs based on the new client model is designed to make the development process easy and intuitive. A prototype of this client model, implemented in Eclipse with an exemplary weather-forecast application, is introduced to demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed approach.
Composite of Colloidal Crystals of Silica in Poly(methyl methacrylate) (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTComposite of Colloidal Crystals of Silica in Poly(methyl methacrylate)Hari Babu Sunkara, Jagdish M. Jethmalani, and Warren T. FordCite this: Chem. Mater. 1994, 6, 4, 362–364Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cm00040a006https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00040a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views815Altmetric-Citations122LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effect of Cell Shape on Mass Transfer and Pressure Loss (2003)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;To meet stringent emissions regulations, high conversion efficiency is required. This calls for advanced catalyst substrates with thinner walls and higher cell density. Higher cell density is needed because it brings higher mass transfer from the gas to the substrate wall. Basically, the increase in total surface area (TSA) causes higher mass transfer. However, not only the TSA, but the cell shape also has a great effect on mass transfer. There are two main kinds of substrates. One is the extruded ceramic substrate and the other is the metal foil type substrate. These have different cell shapes due to different manufacturing processes. For the extruded ceramic substrate, it is possible to fabricate various cell shapes such as triangle, hexagon, etc. as well as the square shape. The difference in the cell shape changes not only the mass transfer rate, but also causes pressure loss change. This is an important item to be considered in the substrate design. This paper reports on the effect of cell shape on mass transfer and pressure loss. Numerical flow analyses were performed for different cell shapes to evaluate the local and the total mass transfer and pressure loss.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The advantage of the square shape of the extruded ceramic substrate in comparison with metal foil substrates is quantitatively presented from the aspect of the trade-offs between mass transfer and pressure loss.&lt;/div&gt;
Deep Unsupervised Binary Coding Networks for Multivariate Time Series Retrieval (2020)

Multivariate time series data are becoming increasingly ubiquitous in varies real-world applications such as smart city, power plant monitoring, wearable devices, etc. Given the current time series segment, how to retrieve similar segments within the historical data in an efficient and effective manner is becoming increasingly important. As it can facilitate underlying applications such as system status identification, anomaly detection, etc. Despite the fact that various binary coding techniques can be applied to this task, few of them are specially designed for multivariate time series data in an unsupervised setting. To this end, we present Deep Unsupervised Binary Coding Networks (DUBCNs) to perform multivariate time series retrieval. DUBCNs employ the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) encoder-decoder framework to capture the temporal dynamics within the input segment and consist of three key components, i.e., a temporal encoding mechanism to capture the temporal order of different segments within a mini-batch, a clustering loss on the hidden feature space to capture the hidden feature structure, and an adversarial loss based upon Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) to enhance the generalization capability of the generated binary codes. Thoroughly empirical studies on three public datasets demonstrated that the proposed DUBCNs can outperform state-of-the-art unsupervised binary coding techniques.
<title>Noninvasive evaluation of metastatic potential of ocular melanoma by analysis of radiofrequency ultrasound data</title> (2002)

Purpose: While histopathologic evaluation of ocular melanoma permits assessment of metastatic risk, this is not possible if visual function is to be preserved. In this report, we describe ultrasound methods for non-invasive evaluation of metastatic risk. Methods: Radiofrequency (RF) ultrasound data were acquired prior to enucleation in 117 eyes with untreated malignant melanoma. Extracellular matrix patterns, an indicator of metastatic potential, were identified in histologic sections. We determined calibrated backscatter power spectra, estimates of effective scatterer size and concentration, and the percentage of tumor area comprised of PAS-positive patterns in the anterior, posterior and core regions of the tumors. We compared the spatial correlation of histologic and acoustic properties, performed linear discriminant analysis to define prognostic models, and used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to evaluate models. Results: Statistically significant correlations were found between acoustic parameters and PAS-positive patterns, although their spatial distributions were only weakly related. Stepwise linear discriminant analyses produced models with three to five variables, and ROC areas as high as 0.89. Conclusion: Acoustic spectrum analysis provides information not evident in conventional gray-scale ultrasonograms regarding tissue microstructure. Our results confirm a relationship between spectra and the presence of extracellular matrix patterns associated with metastatic risk.
Risk stratification in extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (2010)

Extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (ENKL), a subtype of natural killer/T-cell malignancies, is a rare subset of lymphomas with significant biological and clinical heterogeneity. The prognosis of ENKL is variable and therapeutic approaches are not well established. The optimal dose, combination, and sequence of radiotherapy and chemotherapy are evolving, as is the role of stem cell transplantation. Radiotherapy is an essential component of therapy for early-stage disease. The clinical course of advanced disease is highly aggressive, with frequent chemotherapy resistance and a poor prognosis. For relapsed disease, asparaginase-based regimens have provided encouraging results and are currently under investigation in the frontline setting. Our article discusses the key aspects of biology, pathogenesis and clinical presentation that contribute to the heterogeneity, and proposes a stratified approach to the treatment of ENKL based on clinical, pathologic and biologic risk factors. Although considerable advances have been made in our understanding of the biology and prognosis of this lymphoma, it remains critical that all patients with a diagnosis of ENKL are enrolled and treated in clinical trials so that optimal therapies can be identified.
Matrix Isolation of Free Radicals from Myo-inositol Formed by H· Reaction in Acidic Glasses (1983)

Reaction of H.-atoms produced photolyticaly in acid glasses with myo-inositol initially results in the formation of three different radical intermediates, two of which give rise to discernable hyperfine interactions in electron spin-resonance spectra whereas one is a non-specific singlet. The two former species correspond to loss of H. from all carbon-positions of the polyalcohol. Both intermediates transform into the same secondary radical upon thermal annealing by water elimination.
2.5-Gb/s transmission over 50 km with a 1.3-μm vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (2000)

We demonstrate error-free 50-km transmission at 2.5 Gb/s over standard single-mode fiber using an optically pumped 1.3-μm vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser operating at 25/spl deg/C. No optical isolator or amplification was used in the transmission demonstration. System backreflection sensitivity measurements were conducted for various fiber distances and reflection feedback levels. The results indicate a transmission power penalty of 0.1 dB at a bit-error rate of 10/sup -9/ for a reflection feedback level of -25 dB with the reflection originating at 5 m.
Investigation of the effects of aging on homologous recombination in long-term bone marrow cultures. (2009)

Fluorescent yellow direct repeat (FYDR) mice carry a transgenic reporter for homologous recombination (HR) and have been used to reveal an age-dependent increase in HR in the pancreas. An established in vitro model system for accelerated aging of the marrow is the mouse long-term bone marrow culture (LTBMC) system. To determine whether the FYDR system, in which an HR event can lead to a fluorescent cell, can be used to study the effects of aging in LTBMCs, clonally expanded hematopoietic and marrow stromal cells in FYDR, positive control FYDR-Recombined (FYDR-Rec), and negative control wild-type C57BL/6NHsd (WT) LTBMCs were analysed. All groups of cultures demonstrated equivalent parameters of continuous hematopoiesis including generation of multilineage colony forming CFU-GM progenitor cells for over 22 weeks and age associated senescence of hematopoiesis. Results indicate that low expression of the FYDR transgene in bone marrow cells in vivo and in vitro prevents the use of the FYDR mice to study rare combination events in bone marrow. Using an alternative approach for detecting HR, namely the sister chromatid exchange (SCE) assay, a statistically significant increase in the number of SCEs per chromosome was observed in adherent cells subcultured from 20-week-compared to 4-week-old LTBMCs. These data suggest that adherent marrow stromal cells from LTBMCs become increasingly susceptible to HR events during aging.