gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An insecticide resistance-breaking mosquitocide targeting inward rectifier potassium channels in vectors of Zika virus and malaria (2016)

Insecticide resistance is a growing threat to mosquito control programs around the world, thus creating the need to discover novel target sites and target-specific compounds for insecticide development. Emerging evidence suggests that mosquito inward rectifier potassium (Kir) channels represent viable molecular targets for developing insecticides with new mechanisms of action. Here we describe the discovery and characterization of VU041, a submicromolar-affinity inhibitor of Anopheles (An.) gambiae and Aedes (Ae.) aegypti Kir1 channels that incapacitates adult female mosquitoes from representative insecticide-susceptible and -resistant strains of An. gambiae (G3 and Akron, respectively) and Ae. aegypti (Liverpool and Puerto Rico, respectively) following topical application. VU041 is selective for mosquito Kir channels over several mammalian orthologs, with the exception of Kir2.1, and is not lethal to honey bees. Medicinal chemistry was used to develop an analog, termed VU730, which retains activity toward mosquito Kir1 but is not active against Kir2.1 or other mammalian Kir channels. Thus, VU041 and VU730 are promising chemical scaffolds for developing new classes of insecticides to combat insecticide-resistant mosquitoes and the transmission of mosquito-borne diseases, such as Zika virus, without harmful effects on humans and beneficial insects.
Transrectal Prostate Ultrasonography before Transurethral Prostatectomy, its Value in Screening for Stage a Cancer (1987)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Jun 1987Transrectal Prostate Ultrasonography before Transurethral Prostatectomy, its Value in Screening for Stage a Cancer Michael B. Chancellor, Timothy A. McHugh, Richard P. Dorr, and Carl A. VanAppledorn Michael B. ChancellorMichael B. Chancellor More articles by this author , Timothy A. McHughTimothy A. McHugh More articles by this author , Richard P. DorrRichard P. Dorr More articles by this author , and Carl A. VanAppledornCarl A. VanAppledorn More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)75700-XAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Transrectal Prostate Ultrasonography before Transurethral Prostatectomy, its Value in Screening for Stage a Cancer." The Journal of Urology, 137(6), p. 241A © 1987 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byWaterhouse R and Resnick M (2018) The Use of Transrectal Prostatic Ultrasonography in the Evaluation of Patients with Prostatic CarcinomaJournal of Urology, VOL. 141, NO. 2, (233-239), Online publication date: 1-Feb-1989. Volume 137Issue 6June 1987Page: 241A Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1987 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Michael B. Chancellor More articles by this author Timothy A. McHugh More articles by this author Richard P. Dorr More articles by this author Carl A. VanAppledorn More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Second‐Order Characterization of Multirate Filter Banks (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Correlation-domain formulation Cross spectrum Orthogonality at zero lag Case study: Subband orthogonality of cosine-modulated filter banks Summary References
Reactions of {4‐[Bis(2‐chloroethyl)amino]phenyl}acetic Acid (Phenylacetic Acid Mustard) with 2′‐Deoxyribonucleosides (2007)

Phenylacetic acid mustard (PAM; 2), a major metabolite of the anticancer agent chlorambucil (CLB; 1), was allowed to react with 2'-deoxyadenosine (dA), 2'-deoxyguanosine (dG), 2'-deoxycytidine (dC), 2'-deoxy-5-methylcytidine (dMeC), and thymidine (T) at physiological pH (cacodylic acid, 50% base). The reactions were followed by HPLC and analyzed by HPLC/MS and/or (1)H-NMR techniques. Although the predominant reaction observed was hydrolysis of PAM, 2 also reacted with various heteroatoms of the nucleosides to give a series of products: compounds 5-31. PAM (2) was found to be hydrolytically slightly more stable than CLB (1). The principal reaction sites of 2 with dA, dG, and with all pyrimidine nucleosides were N(1), N(7), and N(3), resp. Also, several other adducts were detected and characterized. There was no significant difference in the reactivity of 1 and 2 with dG, dA or T, but the N(3) dC-PAM adduct was deaminated easier than the corresponding CLB derivative. The role of PAM-2'-deoxyribonucleoside adducts on the cytotoxic and mutagenic properties of CLB (1) is discussed.
Aminoglycoside Antibiotics (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: Discovery Synthesis Bioavailability Mode of action and selectivity Bacterial resistance Clinical applications Adverse drug reactions Drug interactions Recent developments References
Defining the microbial effluxome in the content of the host-microbiome interaction (2015)

OPINION article Front. Pharmacol., 19 February 2015Sec. Experimental Pharmacology and Drug Discovery Volume 6 - 2015 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2015.00031
New Spreading Transforms for Fading Channels (2004)

We introduce a new class of symbol-spreading transforms that are well-suited for use in errorcontrol coding systems operating in fading channels. These unitary transforms have the property that they allow for the unambigous determination of input symbols from just a single correctly received output symbol. The transforms can be represented using factor graphs that allow for ”fast ” encoding. Our simulations show that on channels with fading or interference, systems based on these new transforms can greatly outperform previously proposed systems that use Walsh-Hadamard transforms.
Checkpoint Kinase 2–Mediated Phosphorylation of BRCA1 Regulates the Fidelity of Nonhomologous End-Joining (2006)

The tumor suppressor gene BRCA1 maintains genomic integrity by protecting cells from the deleterious effects of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Through its interactions with the checkpoint kinase 2 (Chk2) kinase and Rad51, BRCA1 promotes homologous recombination, which is typically an error-free repair process. In addition, accumulating evidence implicates BRCA1 in the regulation of nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ), which may involve precise religation of the DSB ends if they are compatible (i.e., error-free repair) or sequence alteration upon rejoining (i.e., error-prone or mutagenic repair). However, the precise role of BRCA1 in regulating these different subtypes of NHEJ is not clear. We provide here the genetic and biochemical evidence to show that BRCA1 promotes error-free rejoining of DSBs in human breast carcinoma cells while suppressing microhomology-mediated error-prone end-joining and restricting sequence deletion at the break junction during repair. The repair spectrum in BRCA1-deficient cells was characterized by an increase in the formation of >2 kb deletions and in the usage of long microhomologies distal to the break site, compared with wild-type (WT) cells. This error-prone repair phenotype could also be revealed by disruption of the Chk2 phosphorylation site of BRCA1, or by expression of a dominant-negative kinase-dead Chk2 mutant in cells with WT BRCA1. We suggest that the differential control of NHEJ subprocesses by BRCA1, in concert with Chk2, reduces the mutagenic potential of NHEJ, thereby contributing to the prevention of familial breast cancers.
Identification and characterization of phoN-Sf, a gene on the large plasmid of Shigella flexneri 2a encoding a nonspecific phosphatase (1996)

A gene encoding a nonspecific phosphatase, named PhoN-Sf, was identified on the large virulence plasmid (pMYSH6000) of Shigella flexneri 2a YSH6000. The phosphatase activity in YSH6000 was observed under high-phosphate conditions. However, it was found that low-phosphate conditions induced a slightly higher level of activity. The nucleotide sequence of the phoN-Sf region cloned from pMYSH6000 possessing the phoN-Sf gene encoded 249 amino acids with a typical signal sequence at the N terminus. The deduced amino acid sequence of the PhoN-Sf protein revealed significant homology to sequences of nonspecific acid phosphatases of other bacteria, such as Providencia stuartii (PhoN, 83.2%), Morganella morganii (PhoC, 80.6%), Salmonella typhimurium (PhoN, 47.8%), and Zymomonas mobilis (PhoC, 34.8%). The PhoN-Sf protein was purified, and its biochemical properties were characterized. The apparent molecular mass of the protein on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was calculated to be 27 kDa. The 20 amino acids at the N terminus corresponded to the 20 amino acid residues following the putative signal sequence of PhoN-Sf protein deduced from the nucleotide sequence. The PhoN-Sf activity had a pH optimum of 6.6, and the optimum temperature was 37 degrees C. The enzymatic activity was inhibited by diisopropyl fluorophosphate, N-bromosuccinimide, or dithiothreitol but not by EDTA. The subcellular localization of the PhoN-Sf protein in YSH6000 revealed that the protein was found predominantly in the periplasm. Examination of Shigella and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli strains for PhoN-Sf production by immunoblotting with the PhoN-specific antibody and for the presence of phoN-Sf DNA by using a phoN-Sf probe indicated that approximately one-half of the strains possessed the phoN-Sf gene on the large plasmid and expressed the PhoN-Sf protein. The Tn5 insertion mutants of YSH6000 possessing phoN-Sf::Tn5 still retained wild-type levels of invasiveness, as well as the subsequent spreading capacity in MK2 epithelial cell monolayers, thus suggesting that the PhoN-Sf activity is not involved in expression of the virulence phenotypes of Shigella strains under in vitro conditions.
Managing the delay of evolution of herbicide resistance in parasitic weeds (1996)

Abstract Acetolactate synthase (ALS)‐inhibiting imidazolinone and sulphonylurea herbicides have been found to be effective in selectively controlling the pernicious parasitic weeds Orobanche, Striga and Alectra spp. in some crops. This control could be effected both as whole field applications and as seed dressings. Weeds rapidly evolve resistance to this single‐target, high mutation frequency group of herbicides, which usually exert heavy selection pressure. This type of rapid evolution of resistant populations was previously predicted by models, and later validated in the field in other weed and cropping situations. The selection pressure of this herbicide group may be exceedingly strong with parasitic weeds, as they are controlled by very low dose rates and the doses used are in the ‘overkill’ range. A good management strategy with non‐parasitic weeds was to lower selection pressure, but this may be less effective with parasitic weeds. Many of the areas of the world where parasitic weeds are a problem do not use mechanical harvesters that rapidly spread weed seed. The inhomogeneous seed spread with hand harvesting necessitated developing new models. With mechanical‐harvester spread of parasitic weed seeds, the best strategy is to treat the resistant crop seed with high herbicide levels (that are low per hectare) and ensure the immediate removal of the rare resistant plants that appears, before they set seed, as well as to ensure that crop seed is free of resistant seed of the parasitic weeds. Modelling suggests that resistant parasitic weed populations will evolve within two to six seasons of use without resistance management, using mechanical crop harvesting. With hand harvesting of crop, delays of about eight seasons of effective herbicide use can be expected, much longer if the mitigating strategies of roguing resistant stalks and using parasite‐free crop seed are implemented.
Prakash (2007)

In this paper, we present a high speed optical motion capture method that can measure three dimensional motion, orientation, and incident illumination at tagged points in a scene. We use tracking tags that work in natural lighting conditions and can be imperceptibly embedded in attire or other objects. Our system supports an unlimited number of tags in a scene, with each tag uniquely identified to eliminate marker reacquisition issues. Our tags also provide incident illumination data which can be used to match scene lighting when inserting synthetic elements. The technique is therefore ideal for on-set motion capture or real-time broadcasting of virtual sets.
Exploring Model Stability of Deep Neural Networks for Reliable RRAM-Based In-Memory Acceleration (2022)

RRAM-based in-memory computing (IMC) effectively accelerates deep neural networks (DNNs). Furthermore, model compression techniques, such as quantization and pruning, are necessary to improve algorithm mapping and hardware performance. However, in the presence of RRAM device variations, low-precision and sparse DNNs suffer from severe post-mapping accuracy loss. To address this, in this work, we investigate a new metric, <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">model stability</i> , from the loss landscape to help shed light on accuracy loss under variations and model compression, which guides an algorithmic solution to maximize model stability and mitigate accuracy loss. Based on statistical data from a CMOS/RRAM 1T1R test chip at 65nm, we characterize wafer-level RRAM variations and develop a cross-layer benchmark tool that incorporates quantization, pruning, device variations, model stability, and IMC architecture parameters to assess post-mapping accuracy and hardware performance. Leveraging this tool, we show that a loss-landscape-based DNN model selection for stability effectively tolerates device variations and achieves a post-mapping accuracy higher than that with 50% lower RRAM variations. Moreover, we quantitatively interpret why model pruning increases the sensitivity to variations, while a lower-precision model has better tolerance to variations. Finally, we propose a novel variation-aware training method to improve model stability, in which there exists the most stable model for the best post-mapping accuracy of compressed DNNs. Experimental evaluation of the method shows up to 19%, 21%, and 11% post-mapping accuracy improvement for our 65nm RRAM device, across various precision and sparsity, on CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100, and SVHN datasets, respectively.
Fabrication of carbon nanotube‐based field‐effect transistors for studies of their memory effects (2007)

Abstract Carbon nanotube‐based field‐effect transistors (CNTFETs) have been fabricated using nanometer thin dielectric material as the gate insulator film. The demonstrated fabrication technique is highly suitable for preparing devices with low contact resistances between the electrodes and the carbon nanotube, down to 14 kΩ. Electronic transport measurements of the fabricated devices have been conducted on more than 70 FETs. Hysteretic behavior in the transfer characteristics of some CNTFETs was observed. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Transforming Growth Factor-β1-Gene Polymorphism in the Development of Kidney Disease After Liver Transplantation (2012)

Background. The development of kidney dysfunction is one of the most important after liver transplantation (LT). Genetic variants of pathogenetically relevant cytokines may influence the development and course of the disease. The aim of our study was to evaluate the role of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) polymorphism in this context. Methods. Four hundred eighty-six liver graft recipients were genotyped for TGF-β1 codon 25 (guanine→cytosine, G→C) by polymerase chain reaction. Renal function before and after LT was characterized by estimation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) using four-parameter-modification of diet in renal disease formula on defined dates. GFR was compared among TGF-β1-genotype groups of the entire cohort within the median observation period of 7 years. For the assessment of renal function recovery after LT, patients were divided into three groups by GFR difference (ΔGFR=±10 mL/min). Results. Mean pretransplant GFR differed significantly among TGF-β1-genotype groups (GG: 85.0 mL/min vs. GC/CC: 75.3 mL/min; P=0.016). The significance disappeared in the follow-up period. Although GG genotype demonstrated higher mean GFR levels, patients with GC/CC genotype tended to improve kidney function compared with GG genotype (P=0.013). Interestingly, lower mean GFR rates were observed among female compared with male recipients before (P=0.002), separately at all dates and cumulatively after LT (P<0.001). Conclusions. Genetic variants of one of the most important cytokine TGF-β1 at codon 25 may have an impact on kidney function, suggesting an unfavorable effect of C allele in pretransplant setting and serve as marker for the recovery of renal function after LT. The identification of further confounders seems to be promising.
A Glimpse into the Laser-Crystal Ball (1996)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Stephen A. Payne and William F. Krupke, "A Glimpse into the Laser-Crystal Ball," Optics & Photonics News 7(8), 31-35 (1996) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Which vertical search engines are relevant? (2013)

Aggregating search results from a variety of heterogeneous sources, so-called verticals, such as news, image and video, into a single interface is a popular paradigm in web search. Current approaches that evaluate the effectiveness of aggregated search systems are based on rewarding systems that return highly relevant verticals for a given query, where this relevance is assessed under different assumptions. It is difficult to evaluate or compare those systems without fully understanding the relationship between those underlying assumptions. To address this, we present a formal analysis and a set of extensive user studies to investigate the effects of various assumptions made for assessing query vertical relevance. A total of more than 20,000 assessments on 44 search tasks across 11 verticals are collected through Amazon Mechanical Turk and subsequently analysed. Our results provide insights into various aspects of query vertical relevance and allow us to explain in more depth as well as questioning the evaluation results published in the literature.
Evaluation of Whole-Brain Resting-State Functional Connectivity in Spinal Cord Injury: A Large-Scale Network Analysis Using Network-Based Statistic (2016)

Large-scale network analysis characterizes the brain as a complex network of nodes and edges to evaluate functional connectivity patterns. The utility of graph-based techniques has been demonstrated in an increasing number of resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) studies in the normal and diseased brain. However, to our knowledge, graph theory has not been used to study the reorganization pattern of resting-state brain networks in patients with traumatic complete spinal cord injury (SCI). In the present analysis, we applied a graph-theoretical approach to explore changes to global brain network architecture as a result of SCI. Fifteen subjects with chronic (> 2 years) complete (American Spinal Injury Association [ASIA] A) cervical SCI and 15 neurologically intact controls were scanned using rs-fMRI. The data were preprocessed followed by parcellation of the brain into 116 regions of interest (ROI) or nodes. The average time series was extracted at each node, and correlation analysis was performed between every pair of nodes. A functional connectivity matrix for each subject was then generated. Subsequently, the matrices were averaged across groups, and network changes were evaluated between groups using the network-based statistic (NBS) method. Our results showed decreased connectivity in a subnetwork of the whole brain in SCI compared with control subjects. Upon further examination, increased connectivity was observed in a subnetwork of the sensorimotor cortex and cerebellum network in SCI. In conclusion, our findings emphasize the applicability of NBS to study functional connectivity architecture in diseased brain states. Further, we show reorganization of large-scale resting-state brain networks in traumatic SCI, with potential prognostic and therapeutic implications.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOELECTRON SPECTRA OF THE 1,2,5,6‐TETRAMETHYL‐3,4,7,8‐TETRAMETHYLENE DERIVATIVES OF TRICYCLO(3.3.0.02,6)OCTANE AND TRICYCLO(4.2.0.02,5)OCTANE (1979)

Abstract Zur Untersuchung ihrer Photoelektronenspektren werden nach bekannten Methoden aus dem Dimethyldimethylen‐cyclobutcn (I) das Dimere (II) und sein Umlagerungsprodukt (III) hergestellt.
Highly linear InP phase modulator for high dynamic range RF/photonic links (2010)

The optical phase locked loop (OPLL) photonic integrated circuit (PIC) is a key element for the emerging linear coherent RF-photonic links. One of the main challenges for the OPLL-PIC is the nonlinearity of the Indium Phosphide (InP)-based phase modulator. In this paper, we report the experimental results from a multi-quantum well phase modulator fabricated on an InP substrate that is specially designed for the OPLL-PIC. The phase modulator shows low optical loss and good linearity performance. In particular, at a reverse bias voltage of 5.6 V, its phase IP3 and insertion loss per unit length are ∼2.8p/mm and 1.2 dB/mm, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Effect of Alteration of the Heterocyclic Nucleus of ILV on Its Isoform Selectivity for PKC. Palladium Catalyzed Route to Benzofuran Analogues of ILV (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A first-order approximation of microarchitecture energy-efficiency (2018)

With the increasing demand for performance and the slowness in process technology, it is becoming critical to understand microarchitecture efficiency. This paper presents a simple model for approximating the contribution of the microarchitecture vs. the contribution of the process technology to the overall energy-efficiency of a processor. The results indicate that the contribution of microarchitectural changes is highly workload-dependent and is negligible for several workloads. Our method can be applied to other workloads and systems because its underlying analytical model is manufacturing- and workload-independent.
Measurements of the branching fractions of the decays $ B_s^0 \to D_s^{ \mp }{K^{\pm }} $ and $ B_s^0 \to D_s^{ - }{\pi^{ + }} $ (2012)

A bstract The decay mode $ B_s^0 \to D_s^{ \mp }{K^{\pm }} $ allows for one of the theoretically cleanest measurements of the CKM angle γ through the study of time-dependent CP violation. This paper reports a measurement of its branching fraction relative to the Cabibbo-favoured mode $ B_s^0 \to D_s^{ - }{\pi^{ + }} $ based on a data sample corresponding to 0.37 fb −1 of proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt {s} = 7\;{\text{TeV}} $ collected in 2011 with the LHCb detector. In addition, the ratio of B meson production fractions f s /f d , determined from semileptonic decays, together with the known branching fraction of the control channel B 0 → D − π + , is used to perform an absolute measurement of the branching fractions: $ \begin{gathered} \mathcal{B}\left( {B_s^0 \to D_s^{ - }{\pi^{ + }}} \right) = \left( {2.95\pm 0.05\pm 0.17_{{ - 0.22}}^{{ + 0.18}}} \right) \times {10^{{ - 3}}}, \hfill \\ \mathcal{B}\left( {B_s^0 \to D_s^{ \mp }{K^{\pm }}} \right) = \left( {1.90\pm 0.12\pm 0.13_{{ - 0.14}}^{{ + 0.12}}} \right) \times {10^{{ - 4}}}, \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $ where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second the experimental systematic uncertainty, and the third the uncertainty due to f s /f d .