gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Towards Crack Trajectory Identification via the Direct Strain Imaging Method (2015)

In this paper we present an investigation on the feasibility of exploiting the Direct Strain Imaging (DSI) method for the purpose of tracking propagating discontinuities on the surface of a deformable body under mechanical load. The proposed approach is based on a strain compatibility functional that does not require any assumptions about the continuity conditions of the underlying medium. The proposed approach is based on the recently introduced Direct Strain Imaging method that is used to identify with high accuracy the full fields of strain tensor components that are required to define the strain compatibility functional. We performed synthetic numerical experiments based on the exercising the eXtended Finite Element Method solution for simulating a propagating crack of a particular problem in order to assess the feasibility and potential of the proposed approach. We demonstrated that indeed our DSI-based approach can achieve a very accurate determination of the crack trajectory even under noisy conditions.
Mission Connect Mild TBI Translational Research Consortium (2009)

Abstract : The purpose of this project is to identify the incidence of post traumatic hypopituitarism (PTH) in mild TBI and develop criteria for assessing which patients with a mild TBI are at risk for developing PTH. This study will also correlate the characteristics of the individuals with PTH by neuropsychological, neurophysiological and imaging testing as they relate to functional outcome. At 6 months post injury, patients will be screened for anterior pituitary function f the 61 mTBI subjects with IGF-1 results at the 6 month visit, the results fell below the lower threshold for 13.1% when using the Quest Diagnostics reference values. However, when the TBI threshold was used, there were 31 subjects (50.8%) that met the criteria for hypopituitarism, with this finding, similar to that found in moderate-severe TBI population.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Method for the Preparation of Unsymmetrical Bis‐aldols by Way of Sequential Two Aldol Reactions. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Physics-Based Photodiode Model Enabling Consistent Opto-Electronic Circuit Simulation (2006)

The paper developed a photodiode (PD) model for circuit simulation considering, contrary to existing models, the transient carrier generation explicitly in the solution of the continuity equation. The developed model is compatible with conventional compact electrical device models and is demonstrated to enable accurate simulation of opto-electronic integrated circuits. The electric field distribution along the depth direction of the PD is found to cause a tail in the photo current, which has an adverse effect on optical response of PD and the performance of opto-electronic circuits. The developed opto-electronic circuit model is also applicable to predict how circuit performance is improved with respect to the improvement of photo diode characteristics
The heterogeneous formation of N2O in the presence of acidic solutions: Experiments and modeling (1997)

We investigated the heterogeneous processes that contribute towards the formation of N2O in an environment that comes as closely as possible to exhaust conditions containing NO and SO2 among other constituents. The simultaneous presence of NO, SO2, O2, and condensed phase water in the liquid state has been confirmed to be necessary for the production of significant levels of N2O. The maximum rate of N2O formation occurred at the beginning of the reaction and scales with the surface area of the condensed phase and is independent of its volume. The replacement of NO by either NO2 or HONO significantly increases the rate constant for N2O formation. The measured reaction orders in the rate law change depending upon the choice of the nitrogen reactant used and were fractional in some cases. The rate constants of N2O formation for the three different nitrogen reactants reveal the following series of increasing reactivity: NO < NO2 < HONO, indicating the probable sequential involvement of those species in the elementary reactions. Furthermore, we observed a complex dependence of the rate constant on the acidity of the liquid phase where both the initial rate as well as the yield of N2O are largest at pH=0 of a H2SO4/H2O solution. The results suggest that HONO is the major reacting N(III) species over a wide range of acidities studied. The N2O formation in synthetic flue gas may be simulated using a relatively simple mechanism based on the model of Lyon and Cole. The first step of the complex overall reaction corresponds to NO oxidation by O2 to NO2 mainly in the gas phase, with the presence of both H2O and active surfaces significantly accelerating NO2 production. Subsequently, NO2 reacts with excess NO to obtain HONO which reacts with S(IV) to result in N2O and H2SO4 through a complex reaction sequence probably involving nitroxyl (HON) and its dimer, hyponitrous acid. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet: 29: 869–891, 1997.
Steroid sulfatase inhibitors (2004)

Steroid sulfatase (STS) regulates the local production of estrogens and androgens from systemic precursors in several tissues. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of the sulfate esters of 3-hydroxy steroids, which are inactive transport or precursor forms of the active 3-hydroxy steroids. STS inhibitors are expected to block the local production and, consequently, to reduce the local levels of the hormones. Therefore, they are considered as potential new therapeutic agents for the treatment of estrogen- and androgen-dependent disorders. Indications range from cancers of the breast, endometrium and prostate to androgenetic alopecia and acne. In this review, we give a comprehensive summary of the current knowledge and problems in the field of medicinal chemistry of STS inhibitors. The various types of inhibitors are presented and their structure-activity relationships are discussed. In addition to potent arylsulfamate-based, irreversible inhibitors, novel types of reversible inhibitors were recently discovered. The recent publication of the X-ray structure of STS will further boost research activities on this attractive target.
Metal−Organic Framework Thin Film for Enhanced Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance Gas Sensing (2010)

Despite its high refractive index sensitivity, localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) spectroscopy has been generally restricted to large biological analytes. Sensing of smaller molecules is a compelling target for this technique; in particular, LSPR spectroscopy could be utilized to detect hazardous or toxic gases and manage industrial processes involving gaseous chemicals. Here, we report sensing of pure gases over Ag nanoparticles using LSPR spectroscopy, where the detected changes in bulk refractive index are <5 × 10(-4) refractive index units (RIU). We further demonstrate a novel strategy for amplifying the sensing signal by coating the plasmonic substrate with a metal-organic framework (MOF) material. Cu(3)(BTC)(2)(H(2)O)(3), BTC = benzenetricarboxylate, was grown on Ag nanoparticles using a layer-by-layer method in order to control the MOF thickness, which we show greatly affects the sensor response. Preferential concentration of CO(2) within the MOF pores produces a 14-fold signal enhancement for CO(2) sensing. In principle, MOFs can be tailored for sorbing different analytes, making them ideal materials for this amplification strategy. Because the sensing signal originates in the nanoparticle extinction spectrum and not in the MOF itself, this comprises a generalizable sensing scheme applicable to any porous MOF and any analyte.
ChemInform Abstract: Amino Protection Using Triazones. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Intranasal gene therapy to prevent infection by SARS-CoV-2 variants (2021)

SARS-CoV-2 variants have emerged with enhanced pathogenicity and transmissibility, and escape from pre-existing immunity, suggesting first-generation vaccines and monoclonal antibodies may now be less effective. Here we present an approach for preventing clinical sequelae and the spread of SARS-CoV-2 variants. First, we affinity matured an angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) decoy protein, achieving 1000-fold binding improvements that extend across a wide range of SARS-CoV-2 variants and distantly related, ACE2-dependent coronaviruses. Next, we demonstrated the expression of this decoy in proximal airway when delivered via intranasal administration of an AAV vector. This intervention significantly diminished clinical and pathologic consequences of SARS-CoV-2 challenge in a mouse model and achieved therapeutic levels of decoy expression at the surface of proximal airways when delivered intranasally to nonhuman primates. Importantly, this long-lasting, passive protection approach is applicable in vulnerable populations such as the elderly and immune-compromised that do not respond well to traditional vaccination. This approach could be useful in combating COVID-19 surges caused by SARS-CoV-2 variants and should be considered as a countermeasure to future pandemics caused by one of the many pre-emergent, ACE2-dependent CoVs that are poised for zoonosis.
Ex Vivo Cytokine mRNA Levels Correlate with Changing Clinical Status of Ethiopian TB Patients and their Contacts Over Time (2008)

There is an increasing body of evidence which suggests that IL-4 plays a role in the pathogenesis of TB, but a general consensus on its role remains elusive. We have previously published data from a cohort of Ethiopian TB patients, their contacts, and community controls suggesting that enhanced IL-4 production is associated with infection with M. tuberculosis, rather than overt disease and that long-term protection in infected community controls is associated with co-production of the IL-4 antagonist IL-4d2, alongside elevated IL-4. Here, for the first time, we compare data on expression of IFN-gamma, IL-4 and IL-4delta2 over time in TB patients and their household contacts. During the follow-up period, the TB patients completed therapy and ceased to display TB-like symptoms. This correlated with a decrease in the relative amount of IL-4 expressed. Over the same period, the clinical status of some of their contacts also changed, with a number developing TB-like symptoms or clinically apparent TB. IL-4 expression was disproportionately increased in this group. The findings support the hypothesis that elevated IL-4 production is generally associated with infection, but that TB disease is associated with a relatively increased expression of IL-4 compared to IFN-gamma and IL-4delta2. However, the data also suggest that there are no clear-cut differences between groups: the immune response over time appears to include changes in the expression of IFN-gamma, IL-4 and IL-4delta2, and it is the relative, not absolute levels of cytokine expression that are characteristic of clinical status.
Parallel Mach-Zehnder modulators for quadrature amplitude modulation (2011)

This paper describes optical quadrature amplitude modulation techniques using parallel Mach-Zehnder modulators (MZMs). Arbitrary constellations of optical signals can be generated by using a dual-parallel MZM which can independently control real and imaginary components of lightwaves, where each MZM should be driven by multi-level electric signals. Many parallel MZMs, such as quad-parallel MZMs, octet-parallel MZMs can synthesize optical multi-level signals from binary data stream generated by electronics designed for binary modulation formats. We also investigate characterization methods of parallel MZMs. Precise measurement of half-wave voltage, extinction ratio and chirp parameter of each MZM element can be achieved by using optical spectrum analysis.
Implementing a high-performance multithreaded microprocessor: a case study in high-level design and validation (2009)

We have developed a 16-way multithreaded microprocessor called BlueSPARC. This in-order, high-throughput processor incorporates complex features such as privileged operations, memory management, and a non-blocking cache subsystem. When supported by a hybrid simulation technique that handles rare, unimplemented behaviors in a software host, the BlueSPARC microprocessor runs unmodified UltraSPARC III-based commercial applications on Solaris 8 while hosted on a single Xilinx XCV2P70 FPGA clocked at 90MHz. This significant effort was achieved in under one man-year using a high-level language and a high-level validation approach. In the first part of the paper, we describe our experience in applying the Bluespec SystemVerilog (BSV) language to develop a large hardware design that must meet specific area and performance requirements. In the second part of the paper, we present the FPGA-accelerated validation approach we employed to check the correct execution of real multithreaded programs running on the BlueSPARC processor. We discuss the challenges and our solutions to validation in the presence of full-system interactions and microarchitectural nondeterminism.
High-sensitivity absorbance determination by laser-induced thermal modulation of electrical conductivity (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHigh-sensitivity absorbance determination by laser-induced thermal modulation of electrical conductivityRobert. McLaren and Norman J. DovichiCite this: Anal. Chem. 1988, 60, 7, 730–733Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00158a029https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00158a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views75Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Identification of Ser153 in ICL2 of the Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone (GnRH) Receptor as a Phosphorylation-independent Site for Inhibition of Gq Coupling (2005)

Type I gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor (GnRHR) is unique among mammalian G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in lacking a C-terminal tail, which is involved in desensitization in GPCRs. Therefore, we searched for inhibitory sites in the intracellular loops (ICLs) of the GnRHR. Synthetic peptides corresponding to the three ICLs were inserted into permeabilized alphaT3-1 gonadotrope cells, and GnRH-induced inositol phosphate (InsP) formation was determined. GnRH-induced InsP production was potentiated by ICL2 > ICL3 but not by the ICL1 peptides, suggesting they are acting as decoy peptides. We examined the effects of six peptides in which only one of the Ser or Thr residues was substituted with Ala or Glu. Only substitution of Ser153 with Ala or Glu ablated the potentiating effect upon GnRH-induced InsP elevation. ERK activation was enhanced, and the rate of GnRH-induced InsP formation was about 6.5-fold higher in the first 10 min in COS-1 cells that were transfected with mutants of the GnRHR in which the ICL2 Ser/Thr residues (Ser151, Ser153, and Thr142) or only Ser153 was mutated to Ala as compared with the wild type GnRHR. The data indicate that ICL2 harbors an inhibitory domain, such that exogenous ICL2 peptide serves as a decoy for the inhibitory site (Ser153) of the GnRHR, thus enabling further activation. GnRH does not induce receptor phosphorylation in alphaT3-1 cells. Because the phosphomimetic ICL2-S153E peptide did not mimic the stimulatory effect of the ICL2 peptide, the inhibitory effect of Ser153 operates through a phosphorylation-independent mechanism.
Telechelic Poly(N-isopropylacrylamides) via Nitroxide-Mediated Controlled Polymerization and “Click” Chemistry:  Livingness and “Grafting-from” Methodology (2007)

We report on the synthesis of telechelic poly(N-isopropylacrylamides) (PNIPAM) via nitroxide-mediated controlled polymerization, putting a focus on the introduction of defined end group moieties into telechelic poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and poly(n-butyl acrylates). Various functional groups, linked to the central nitroxide-initiator via a triazole moiety resulting from an azide/alkyne-“click” reaction were probed with N-isopropylacrylamide and n-butyl acrylate as monomers in terms of efficiency and livingness. Functional groups on the initiator include a 1,2-dihydroxyalkyl moiety and a barbituric acid moiety as well as a phenyl moiety. Those initiators with a 1,2,3-1H-triazole moiety directly bound to the initiator group displayed a poor initiating quality toward N-isopropylacrylamide, whereas an ester bridge as linker between the initiator molecule and the functional group showed highly living character with respect to N-isopropylacrylamide and n-butyl acrylate as probed by kinetic experiments. Effects based upon internal hydrogen-bonding effects are made responsible rather than purely stereoelectronic effects, as proven by force-field calculations. MALDI time-of-flight mass spectrometry was used to prove the incorporation of the respective end groups into the telechelic PNIPAM polymers. Finally, the versatility of the method was demonstrated via a “grafting-from” approach of PNIPAM from magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles via a surface-bound initiator, resulting in an excellent control of molecular weight and thus thickness of the polymeric shell around the magnetic nanoparticles.
Construction of object grasp control system using tendon drive skill robot hand (2018)

With the development of robot technology, the expectation for humanoid robots working in the same environment as human beings is increasing. In order for humanoid robots to realize various tasks as human beings, robot hands corresponding to human hands Function is indispensable. In this paper, we design and produce a hand robot hand that can reproduce various human grip methods. In addition, we constructed a position control that allows the hand motion measured by optical motion capture to follow up, and constructed a force control that adjusts to an appropriate grip force. And we constructed a hybrid control system combining them. Furthermore, we verify the effectiveness of the control system using the robot hand.
Development of Pulse Magnetization System on Aberration Corrected 1.2-MV Cold Field-Emission Transmission Electron Microscope (2016)

Observations of structures and electromagnetic fields at atomic resolution provide critical information for material science and industrial research. A transmission electron microscope (TEM) has advantage in high-resolution observation with capability of seeing inside the sample. In the early days, the spatial resolution of the electron microscope has been improved by increasing accelerating voltages. After realization of aberration corrector, the atomic arrangements became observable using wide range of accelerating voltages. For observing electromagnetic filed at atomic scale using electron holography, we developed 1.2-MV TEM equipped with a cold field-emission gun and a CEOS hexapole spherical aberration corrector. The spatial resolution has reached 0.043 nm at the high-resolution observation conditions, in which the sample is placed in high magnetic field of the objective lens Under the observation condition, in which the sample is placed in a field-free position for observing magnetic field, the special resolution has been reached 0.21 nm The observation of magnetic field at atomic resolution using electron holography is expected to be realized, however, the phase resolution of magnetic phase measurement has to be increased around 2/1000 rad for this goal.
Dynamic on-Resistance in GaN-on-Si HEMTs: Origins, Dependencies, and Future Characterization Frameworks (2019)

Gallium nitride high-electron-mobility transistors (GaN HEMTs) exhibit dynamic ON-resistance (dR <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on</sub> ), where the ON-resistance immediately after turn-ON is higher than the dc value at the same junction temperature. A proliferation of recent literature reportsdR <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on</sub> , with some publishing an eight times increase in conduction losses and others finding that the problem is nonexistent. This variation can be largely attributed to the standardized double-pulse-test (DPT) method, which does not specify the blocking time and will ignore any effects that accumulate over multiple switching cycles. With no consistent measurements, designers are left without an accurate conduction loss estimate in converters with GaN HEMTs. We discuss the underlying causes of charge trapping to find the key influences over dR <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on</sub> , and show that the DPT technique gives invalid results. Our measurements validate that each operating parameter must be independently controlled and that only steady-state dR <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on</sub> measurements will predict in situ performance. For the commercial GaN HEMT tested in this letter, the worst-case dR <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on</sub> is nearly two times higher than the dc resistance at the same temperature, confirming that accurate dR <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on</sub> characterization remains critical to predicting converter characteristics. Finally, we provide a reporting framework for GaN HEMT manufacturers and methods to estimate conduction losses in converters with GaN HEMTs.
Supplementary Table 4 from Phase Ib Study of Buparlisib plus Trastuzumab in Patients with HER2-Positive Advanced or Metastatic Breast Cancer That Has Progressed on Trastuzumab-Based Therapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 45K, Summary of adverse events suspected to be study-drug related by grade (safety set).&lt;/p&gt;
Asynchronous component implementation methodology for GALS design in FPGAs (2009)

A methodology for implementing GALS design in conventional FPGAs using existing tools is presented. The goals were to define the minimal set of basic asynchronous components, to examine the methodology of their implementation and to establish the design constraints and limitations of such circuits. Simulation results confirm that GALS designs implemented using the Look-Up Table or the Flip-Flop with Place & Route tools and asynchronous components such as the delay element, the Muller-C element or the arbiter are supported by conventional synchronous FPGAs as long as these designs are implemented within suitable constraints and operated within circuit limitations.