gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bimodality in the Spatial Segment Density Distribution of Gaussian Chains (1996)

Investigation of the spatial segment density distribution (SSDD) of a Gaussian coil, generated using an off-lattice Monte Carlo method, revealed detailed information about the instantaneous shape. This information is used to compare shape models based on the principal components of the radius of gyration with an analysis in terms of block copolymer shape employing characteristic separation parameters. To speed up an accurate analysis, an analytical procedure for calculating both eigenvalues and -vectors of the radius of gyration tensor is developed. The observed averaged shapes are essentially bimodal (dumbbell-like) and do not depend on chain length. The numerical results confirm that an ideal homopolymer is to a large extent segregated into two equal parts. The influences of the left and right parts of a chain on the total shape are presented. These results, together with the evaluation of the density of special segments and the distribution of the separation angle between the parts, reveal the approximation inherent to the biellipsoidal model (BEM) and explain why the SSDD results and the BEM are not compatible. Also, an average arrowhead-like shape (as predicted by the BEM) is not observed. A suggestion of the idea can be made visible, but only after artificial averaging.
Signal processing by T-type calcium channel interactions in the cerebellum (2013)

T-type calcium channels of the Cav3 family are unique among voltage-gated calcium channels due to their low activation voltage, rapid inactivation, and small single channel conductance. These special properties allow Cav3 calcium channels to regulate neuronal processing in the subthreshold voltage range. Here, we review two different subthreshold ion channel interactions involving Cav3 channels and explore the ability of these interactions to expand the functional roles of Cav3 channels. In cerebellar Purkinje cells, Cav3 and intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium (IKCa) channels form a novel complex which creates a low voltage-activated, transient outward current capable of suppressing temporal summation of excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs). In large diameter neurons of the deep cerebellar nuclei, Cav3-mediated calcium current (I T) and hyperpolarization-activated cation current (I H) are activated during trains of inhibitory postsynaptic potentials. These currents have distinct, and yet synergistic, roles in the subthreshold domain with I T generating a rebound burst and I H controlling first spike latency and rebound spike precision. However, by shortening the membrane time constant the membrane returns towards resting value at a faster rate, allowing I H to increase the efficacy of I T and increase the range of burst frequencies that can be generated. The net effect of Cav3 channels thus depends on the channels with which they are paired. When expressed in a complex with a KCa channel, Cav3 channels reduce excitability when processing excitatory inputs. If functionally coupled with an HCN channel, the depolarizing effect of Cav3 channels is accentuated, allowing for efficient inversion of inhibitory inputs to generate a rebound burst output. Therefore, signal processing relies not only on the activity of individual subtypes of channels but also on complex interactions between ion channels whether based on a physical complex or by indirect effects on membrane properties.
A Method of Rearing Honey Bee Larvae in vitro1 (1955)

Journal Article A Method of Rearing Honey Bee Larvae in vitro Get access A. S. Michael, A. S. Michael Entomology Research Branch, Agr. Res. Serv., U.S.D.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. Abramovitz M. Abramovitz Entomology Research Branch, Agr. Res. Serv., U.S.D.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 48, Issue 1, 1 February 1955, Pages 43–44, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/48.1.43 Published: 01 February 1955
Drying Gas (2016)

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy’s Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.
Disposable Glucose Sensor Employing Potassium Ferricyanide as a Mediator (1990)

AdisposableglucosesensorwhichcanbeusedathQetQmeasuretheglucoseconcen-trationinb1Qodhasbeendeve1QpedWithonlyadropofblood(3 1)theglucosecon-centratiQnupto25mMcanbedeteminedwithin60secondsThesensorhasanenzyme react ion l ayer whi ch i s a m i x ture of a wat er-sol ubl e polymer an enzyme and a med iator on pr inted carbon electrodes The electrodes are coated wi th carboxymethyl ce1-1ulose to remove the influence of blood cells The temperature dependence of the re-sponsecurrentwaslessthan2C andthesensorcouldbestored at40Cformore than 3 months wi th no change in the ini t iaI performance
Induction of neutralizing antibodies against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 using synthetic peptide constructs containing an immunodominant T-helper cell determinant from vpr. (1994)

Identification of immunodominant T-helper-cell determinants after natural infection is an important step in the design of immunogens for potential use in vaccination. Using cells from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected individuals and a panel of peptides encompassing the sequence of the regulatory protein vpr from HIV-1, we identified the T-helper determinant QLLFIHFRIGCRHSR, which is active in 37.5% of these individuals. To gain insight on the efficacy of this peptide in helping induce neutralizing antibodies against a B-cell determinant (BD), we synthesized constructs containing B- and T-cell determinants and tested them in BALB/c mice, the highest responders to the T-cell determinant moiety among several strains tested. These immunogens induced antibodies against two chosen B-cell determinants from HIV-1IIIB gp160 (amino acids 310-322 from the V3 loop of gp120 and 736-751 from gp41) that were able to neutralize HIV-1 infection in vitro. The highest neutralization titer against HIV-1IIIB was obtained by immunization with the homopolymer of the construct containing the T-cell epitope from vpr and the B-cell epitope from the V3 loop. We believe that the immunodominant T-cell determinant from vpr is a promising epitope to consider in the design of future peptide vaccines.
A possible relationship between folic acid neurotoxicity and cholinergic receptors in the pyriform cortex and amygdala. (1983)

The substantia innominata complex (SI) is the major source of cholinergic innervation to the amygdala, entorhinal and pyriform cortices, and the neocortex. Immunohistochemical studies using both monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies to choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) have clearly identified that the large size neurons of this area are cholinergic. We have lesioned this area by three methods: electrocoagulation, kainic acid (KA) injection and folic acid (FA) injection. Biochemical (GAD, ChAT and QNB binding) and histological studies of the SI and its known target areas as well as the hippocampus, thalamus and striatum were undertaken. Histologically, electrolytic and KA (2 nmol) lesions produced extensive local damage, but local damage was minimal with FA (100-250 nmol). Electrolytic lesions produced no remote neuronal damage. KA injections produced mild to moderate damage in the amygdala and cortex, while FA produced severe damage in the amygdala and pyriform cortex, with less severe damage in the entorhinal cortex and neocortex. Biochemically, electrolytic lesions produced drops in ChAT only in remote areas. Kainic acid produced moderate drops in ChAT, GAD and QNB binding. FA, on the other hand, produced only a minimal change in ChAT, but very heavy reductions in GAD and QNB binding. Thus, GABA neurons of the cortex were damaged. They may also be the cholinoceptive neurons that were damaged. The remote damage following KA and, particularly, FA, is presumed to be due to the epileptiform activity induced by the local injection of these agents. Reduction in both seizures and remote damage was brought about by pre-treatment of the animals with valium (20 mg/kg) or scopolamine (50 mg/kg). Injection of FA into the amygdala or striatum produced some remote damage but it was much less in magnitude than after SI injection.
Fragmentation of Positively-Charged Biological Ions Activated with a Beam of High-Energy Cations (2013)

First results are reported on the fragmentation of multiply protonated polypeptide ions produced in electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) with a beam of high-energy cations as a source of activation. The ion beam is generated with a microwave plasma gun installed on a benchtop Q Exactive mass spectrometer. Precursor polypeptide ions are activated when trapped inside the collision cell of the instrument (HCD cell), and product species are detected in the Orbitrap analyzer. Upon exposure to the beam of air plasma cations (∼100 μA, 5 s), model precursor species such as multiply protonated angiotensin I and ubiquitin dissociated across a variety of pathways. Those pathways include the cleavages of C-CO, C-N as well as N-Cα backbone bonds, accordingly manifested as b/y, a, and c/z fragment ion series in tandem mass spectra. The fragmentation pattern observed includes characteristic fragments of collision-induced dissociation (CID) (b/y/a fragments) as well as electron capture/transfer dissociation (ECD, ETD) (c/z fragments), suggesting substantial contribution of both vibrational and electronic excitation in our experiments. Besides backbone cleavages, notable amounts of nondissociated precursor species were observed with reduced net charge, formed via electron or proton transfer between the colliding partners. Peaks corresponding to increased charge states of the precursor ions were also detected, which is the major distinctive feature of ion beam activation.
A new, highly selective synthesis of aromatic aldehydes by aerobic free-radical oxidation of benzylic alcohols, catalysed by n-hydroxyphthalimide under mild conditions. Polar and enthalpic effects (2002)

A new selective synthesis of aromatic aldehydes is described, based on catalytic oxidation of benzyl alcohols with molecular oxygen at rt and atmospheric pressure.
Deep transfer learning of additive manufacturing mechanisms across materials in metal-based laser powder bed fusion process (2022)

The defective regimes in metal-based Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) processes can be minimized by deploying in-situ monitoring strategies comprising Machine learning (ML) algorithms and sensing techniques. So far, algorithms trained for monitoring a particular material type cannot be re-used to monitor another material in Additive Manufacturing (AM). This is a topic rarely researched in AM. Inspired by the idea of transfer learning in ML, we demonstrate the knowledge learned by the two native Deep Learning (DL) networks, namely VGG and ResNets, on four LPBF process mechanisms such as balling, Lack of Fusion (LoF) pores, conduction mode, and keyhole pores in stainless steel (316L) can be transferred to bronze (CuSn8). In this work, the spectrograms computed using Wavelet Transforms (WT) on Acoustic Emissions (AE) during the LBPF process of stainless steel and bronze are used for training the two DL networks. Either network is first trained for classification by spectrograms representing four mechanisms during the processing of stainless steel. The trained model is then re-trained using transfer learning with spectrograms from bronze data for a similar classification task. The accuracy of the two networks during transfer learning shows that it is effectively possible to learn transferable features from one material to another with minimum network training time and dataset collection.
A Simple and Provably Good Code for SHA Message Expansion. (2005)

We develop a new computer assisted technique for lower bounding the minimum distance of linear codes similar to those used in SHA-1 message expansion. Using this technique, we prove that a modified SHA-1 like code has minimum distance at least 82, and that too in just the last 64 of the 80 expanded words. Further the minimum weight in the last 60 words (last 48 words) is at least 75 (52 respectively). We propose a new compression function which is identical to SHA-1 except for the modified message expansion code. We argue that the high minimum weight of the message expansion code makes the new compression function resistant to recent di#erential attacks.
High Resolution Speckle Methods For Overcoming Image Degradation Caused By The Atmosphere And Telescope Aberrations (1986)

We discuss various high resolution speckle methods that can overcome image degradation caused by the atmosphere and telescope aberrations. All methods yield diffraction-limited resolution, for example 0.03" for a 3.6m telescope. We show speckle interferometric observations of asteroids, Pluto/ Charon, double stars, and the gravitational-lens triple quasar. True diffraction-limited images can be reconstructed by speckle interferometry if there is a point, source in the isoplanatic neighborhood of the object (holographic speckle interferometry). Speckle masking is a triple-correlation method that yields diffraction-limited images of general astronomical objects. A point source near the object is not required. We describe an application of speckle masking to the central object in the giant HII region NGC 3603. Speckle spectroscopy is a speckle method that yields diffraction-limited objective prism spectra. It is also possible to apply speckle masking to multiple-mirror interferometers or long-baseline interferometers on the ground or in space. True images of very high angular resolution can be obtained by these techniques. Computer simulations are shown for illustration.
Supplementary Data 2 from Merkel Cell Polyomavirus Infection, Large T Antigen, Retinoblastoma Protein and Outcome in Merkel Cell Carcinoma (2023)

Supplementary Data 2 from Merkel Cell Polyomavirus Infection, Large T Antigen, Retinoblastoma Protein and Outcome in Merkel Cell Carcinoma
A simple and low-cost method for three-phase induction motor control in high-speed applications (2012)

This paper presents a simple method for speed control of induction motors on the basis of direct control of the stator flux modulus. The proposed method needs neither mechanical sensor nor current transducers, so it can be compared with “Variable Voltage Variable Frequency (v/f)” method. High-speed operation of induction motor controlled by the proposed method is compared with that of v/f method that leads to the fact that in addition to control of motor dynamic behavior, the proposed method uses DC-link voltage in a more efficient way. In the stator flux modulus control, the amplitude of electromagnetic torque ripple and average switching frequency are computable and analytical formulas for calculation of them are derived. The performance of proposed method and accuracy of presented formulas are validated in MATLAB/Simulink.
CO-DEPOSITION OF FULLERENES AND SULFUR FROM DILUTED SOLUTION (2002)

ABSTRACT A new method to synthesize fullerene and sulfur compounds has been developed. Using this method, C60S16 and C70S16 compounds were grown from dilute fullerene and sulfur toluene solution. Their atomic structures were analyzed by x-ray diffraction with the single crystal. The C60S16 crystal is C-centered monoclinic structure of a=2.0874 nm, b=2.1139 nm, c=1.05690 nm and β=111.93°, and the C70S16 has a primitive monoclinic, P21/c, with lattice parameters of a=1.5271 nm, b=1.49971 nm, c=2.18024 nm and β=109.791°. In this compound, the structure of fullerenes is maintained and sulfur atoms form S8 rings placed around the fullerenes.
Fatty acid composition of the postmortem corpus callosum of patients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or major depressive disorder (2016)

Patients with psychiatric disorders did not exhibit n-3 PUFAs deficits in the postmortem corpus callosum relative to the unaffected controls, and the corpus callosum might not be involved in abnormalities of PUFA metabolism. This area of research is still at an early stage and requires further investigation.
Supplementary Tables from Characteristics of Immune Memory and Effector Activity to Cancer-Expressed MHC Class I Phosphopeptides Differ in Healthy Donors and Ovarian Cancer Patients (2023)

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Energy efficient MAC protocol with spatial reusability for wireless ad hoc networks (2005)

In this paper we propose a Spatial Reuse MAC (SRM) protocol based on the IEEE 802.11 which employs a combination of power control and a fully distributed scheme of transmission sneaking to achieve energy efficiency and spatial re-use in wireless ad hoc networks without using a separate control channel. Through extensive performance evaluation, we show that SRM considerably improves the total amount of bytes delivered per unit of energy as compared to existing solutions.
[Bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of 14C-cyproterone acetate after administration as a 50-mg tablet (author's transl)]. (1976)

This theoretical study reports calculations on the fine and hyperfine structure parameters of the metastable X(3)Sigma(-)(sigma(2)pi(2)) state of ClH(2+) and BrH(2+). Data on the repulsive FH(2+) system are also included for comparison purposes. The hyperfine structure (hfs) coupling constants for magnetic (A(iso), A(dip)) and quadrupole (eQq) interactions are evaluated using B3LYP, MP4SDQ, CCSD, and QCISD methods and several basis sets. The fine structure (fs) constants (zero-field splitting lambda and spin-rotation coupling gamma) and electron-spin magnetic moments (g-factor) are evaluated in 2nd-order perturbation theory using multireference CI (MRCI) wave functions. Our calculations find for (35)Cl of ClH(2+) A(iso)/A(dip) = 110/-86 MHz; eQq(0) = -59 MHz; 2lambda = 20.4 cm(-1); g( perpendicular)(v = 0) = 2.02217; and gamma = -0.31 cm(-1) (to be compared with the available experimental A(iso)/A(dip)= 162/-30 MHz). For (79)BrH(2+), the corresponding values are 300/-400 MHz; 368 MHz; 362.6 cm(-1); 2.07302; and -0.98 cm(-1) (experimental 2lambda = 445(+/-80) cm(-1)). We find g( perpendicular)(ClH(2+)) to increase by about 0.0054 between v = 0 and 2, whereas the experimental effective g( perpendicular) changes drastically with vibrational excitation. Nuclear quadrupole coupling constants for halogen atoms X are found to be as large as corresponding A(dip)(X)'s, indicating that both terms may have to be included in the Hamiltonian used to interpret XH(2+) hyperfine spectra. A novel finding relates to the bound character of the 1(5)Sigma(-)(sigmapi(2)sigma) state in FH(2+), as already known for ClH(2+) and BrH(2+), but having a deeper potential well D(e) approximately 4,000 cm(-1) (versus 1,000 cm(-1) in the heavier radicals). Vertical ionization potentials for formation of XH(3+) trications are also discussed.
Computational intelligence approach to archival musical recordings (2006)

An algorithmic approach to wow defect estimation in archival musical recordings is presented. The wow estimation is based on the simultaneous analysis of many sinusoidal components, which are assumed to depict the defect. The rough determination of sinusoidal components in analyzed musical recording is performed by standard sinusoidal modeling procedures employing magnitude and phase spectra analysis. Since archival recordings tend to contain distorted tonal structure, the basic sinusoidal modeling approach is often found insufficient, resulting in audible distortions in the restored signal. It is found that the standard sinusoidal modeling approach is prone to errors, especially when strong frequency or amplitude variations of sinusoidal components occur. It may result in gaps or inappropriately matched components, leading to incorrect estimation of the wow distortion. Hence, some refinements to sinusoidal component analysis including interpolation and extrapolation of tonal components are proposed. As it was demonstrated in experiments, due to the nonlinear nature of wow distortion, the enhancement of sinusoidal analysis can be performed by means of a neural network. The paper demonstrates implemented algorithms for parasite frequency modulation in archival recordings together with obtained results. [Work supported by the Commission of the European Communities, within the Integrated Project No. FP6-507336: PRESTOSPACE.]
Chiral N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes in Natural Product Synthesis: Application of Ru‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Ring‐Opening/Cross‐Metathesis and Cu‐Catalyzed Allylic Alkylation to Total Synthesis of Baconipyrone C (2007)

Chirale Carbene als Hauptdarsteller: Zwei kürzlich entdeckte Komplexe chiraler N-heterocyclischer Carbene (NHCs) spielen in einer kurzen enantioselektiven Totalsynthese von Baconipyron C eine zentrale Rolle (siehe Schema). Der Kupferkomplex katalysiert eine doppelte asymmetrische allylische Alkylierung (AAA) und der Rutheniumkomplex eine asymmetrische Ringöffnung/Kreuzmetathese (AROM/CM), mit der die absolute Konfiguration der Zielverbindung festgelegt wird. RCM=Ringschlussmetathese.
Safety of Small-For-Size Grafts in Adult-To-Adult Living Donor Liver Transplantation Using the Right Lobe (2010)

The problem of graft size is one of the critical factors limiting the expansion of adult-to-adult living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). We compared the outcome of LDLT recipients who received grafts with a graft-to-recipient weight ratio (GRWR) < 0.8% or a GRWR > or = 0.8%, and we analyzed the risk factors affecting graft survival after small-for-size grafts (SFSGs) were used. Between June 1997 and April 2008, 427 patients underwent LDLT with right lobe grafts at the Department of Surgery of Samsung Medical Center. Recipients were divided into 2 groups: group A with a GRWR < 0.8% (n = 35) and group B with a GRWR > or = 0.8% (n = 392). We retrospectively evaluated the recipient factors, donor factors, and operative factors through the medical records. Small-for-size dysfunction (SFSD) occurred in 2 of 35 patients (5.7%) in group A and in 14 of 392 patients (3.6%) in group B (P = 0.368). Graft survival rates at 1, 3, and 5 years were not different between the 2 groups (87.8%, 83.4%, and 74.1% versus 90.7%, 84.5%, and 79.4%, P = 0.852). However, when we analyzed risk factors within group A, donor age and middle hepatic vein tributary drainage were significant risk factors for graft survival according to univariate analysis (P = 0.042 and P = 0.038, respectively). Donor age was the only significant risk factor for poor graft survival according to multivariate analysis. The graft survival rates of recipients without SFSD tended to be higher than those of recipients with SFSD (85.3% versus 50.0%, P = 0.074). The graft survival rates of recipients with grafts from donors < 44 years old were significantly higher than those of recipients with grafts from donors > or = 44 years old (92.2% versus 53.6%, P = 0.005). In conclusion, an SFSG (GRWR < 0.8%) can be used safely in adult-to-adult right lobe LDLT when a recipient is receiving the graft from a donor younger than 44 years.