gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic Genes for Anti-HIV/AIDS Gene Therapy (2013)

The multiple therapeutic approaches developed so far to cope HIV-1 infection, such as anti-retroviral drugs, germicides and several attempts of therapeutic vaccination have provided significant amelioration in terms of life-quality and survival rate of AIDS patients. Nevertheless, no approach has demonstrated efficacy in eradicating this lethal, if untreated, infection. The curative power of gene therapy has been proven for the treatment of monogenic immunodeficiensies, where permanent gene modification of host cells is sufficient to correct the defect for life-time. No doubt, a similar concept is not applicable for gene therapy of infectious immunodeficiensies as AIDS, where there is not a single gene to be corrected; rather engineered cells must gain immunotherapeutic or antiviral features to grant either short- or long-term efficacy mostly by acquisition of antiviral genes or payloads. Anti-HIV/AIDS gene therapy is one of the most promising strategy, although challenging, to eradicate HIV-1 infection. In fact, genetic modification of hematopoietic stem cells with one or multiple therapeutic genes is expected to originate blood cell progenies resistant to viral infection and thereby able to prevail on infected unprotected cells. Ultimately, protected cells will re-establish a functional immune system able to control HIV-1 replication. More than hundred gene therapy clinical trials against AIDS employing different viral vectors and transgenes have been approved or are currently ongoing worldwide. This review will overview anti-HIV-1 infection gene therapy field evaluating strength and weakness of the transgenes and payloads used in the past and of those potentially exploitable in the future.
Companding transform based SPM compensation in coherent optical OFDM transmission (2011)

We demonstrate a mitigation of fiber nonlinearity based on μ-law companding transform in coherent optical OFDM transmissions. High peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) increases fiber nonlinear impairments caused by the Kerr effect in optical fiber. The μ-law companding modifies amplitude profile of OFDM signal with time domain signal processing, which reduces high PAPR of OFDM signal. The effects of companding parameter on noise enhancement and PAPR variation are presented. The impacts of companding transform on system performances are evaluated in a single polarization system as well as polarization multiplexed system. The resolution of analog-to-digital converter (ADC), dispersion map of transmission link, and launch power tolerance are also considered. The results of bit-error-rate (BER) measurements show that the μ-law companding improves OSNR margin over 5.5 dB after transmission of 1,040 km over SMF.
Supplementary Table from Changes in Bone Marrow Tumor and Immune Cells Correlate with Durability of Remissions Following BCMA CAR T Therapy in Myeloma (2023)

Supplementary Table from Changes in Bone Marrow Tumor and Immune Cells Correlate with Durability of Remissions Following BCMA CAR T Therapy in Myeloma
Practical developments in optical neural networks that use self-lensing materials (1998)

The research work presented in this dissertation, centers on developing optical neural networks that use self-lensing materials. A single nonlinear layer feed-forward neural network is developed and tested using simulations and bench realizations. The nonlinear layer is a thermal nonlinearity that is used to cross-phase modulate a forward beam by using a reinforcement training algorithm. The capabilities of the network are tested by training it to realize six logic gates.
Following the reinforcement training experiments, this work centers in improving the training of this type of network by developing and testing optical techniques that are physically realizable for an optical neural network that uses error backpropagation for its training. This new setup adds a phase conjugated mirror for the backpropagation of the error and a phase-shifting interferometry system to measure the phase front of the backpropagated beam. The imaginary part of the phase front is used to update the weights of the optical neural network.
The last portion of this work explains the development of phase-shifting interferometry that uses 5 steps, and then tests the phase-shifting interferometry with a set of lenses. Though this research, it is found that the most important parameter for the adaptation of this phase-shifting interferometry to the optical neural network is the large magnitude of the optical path difference of the phase front of the backpropagated beam.
ChemInform Abstract: DYE‐SENSITIZED PHOTOOXIDATION OF IMIDAZOLES. TRAPPING OF INTERMEDIATES BY NUCLEOPHILES (1981)

Abstract Die Titelreaktion von Imidazolen wie (I), (VI) sowie kondensierten Imidazolen wie (XI), (XV), (XVI) in Gegenwart von Methanol (Lösungsmittel und gleichzeitiges Abfangreagenz für die gebildeten instabilen Zwischenstufen) unter Bildung von (Haupt‐)Produkten wie z.B. (V), (VII)‐(X), (XII), (XIII) + (XIV) wird eingehend untersucht und hinsichtlich der Mechanismen diskutiert.
Hyper-infusion pressure for diabetic membrane dissection. (1990)

Vitrectomy was performed on 17 eyes (16 cases) with diabetic macular traction detachment with highly active fibrovascular proliferative tissue. Membrane dissection was performed with the central retinal artery temporarily occluded by hyper-infusion pressure from 82 to 105 mmHg, introduced over a duration of 0.9 to 16.5 minutes (average 4.1 minutes). With this technique, nearly complete hemostasis was achieved during membrane dissection. The retina was anatomically reattached in 16 eyes (94%); visual improvement of two lines or better was obtained in 15 eyes (88%). Membrane dissection under temporary hyper-infusion pressure prevented complications by allowing good visualization, remarkably reducing the surgical time requirement.
Domain-specific loss design for unsupervised physical training: A new approach to modeling medical ML solutions (2020)

Today, cataract surgery is the most frequently performed ophthalmic surgery in the world. The cataract, a developing opacity of the human eye lens, constitutes the world's most frequent cause for blindness. During surgery, the lens is removed and replaced by an artificial intraocular lens (IOL). To prevent patients from needing strong visual aids after surgery, a precise prediction of the optical properties of the inserted IOL is crucial. There has been lots of activity towards developing methods to predict these properties from biometric eye data obtained by OCT devices, recently also by employing machine learning. They consider either only biometric data or physical models, but rarely both, and often neglect the IOL geometry. In this work, we propose OpticNet, a novel optical refraction network, loss function, and training scheme which is unsupervised, domain-specific, and physically motivated. We derive a precise light propagation eye model using single-ray raytracing and formulate a differentiable loss function that back-propagates physical gradients into the network. Further, we propose a new transfer learning procedure, which allows unsupervised training on the physical model and fine-tuning of the network on a cohort of real IOL patient cases. We show that our network is not only superior to systems trained with standard procedures but also that our method outperforms the current state of the art in IOL calculation when compared on two biometric data sets.
Intraoperative Cone Beam–Computed Tomography With Navigation (O-ARM) Versus Conventional Fluoroscopy (C-ARM) (2013)

N/A.
Fitts' Law and the Effects of Input Mapping and Stiffness on Flexible Display Interactions (2016)

In this paper, we report on an investigation of Fitts' law using flexible displays. Participants performed a one-dimensional targeting task as described by the ISO 9421-9 standard. In the experiment, we compared two methods of bend input: position control and rate control of a cursor. Participants performed the task with three levels of device stiffness. Results show that bend input is highly correlated with Fitts' law for both position and rate control. Position control produced significantly higher throughput values than rate control. Our experiment also revealed that, when the amount of force applied was controlled, device stiffness did not have a significant effect on performance.
Multi-Chip Package Thermal Management of IBM z-Server Systems (2006)

The recently announced IBM z9 server system presents unique cooling requirements from a packaging perspective. Cooling has to be achieved for sixteen chips mounted on a common glass ceramic chip carrier. Eight of the sixteen chips dissipate significant power. A recently described small gap technology (SGT) is used to attain customized chip to cap gaps. An advanced thermal compound (ATC) is used as the interface between the chips and the cap. The package thermal and mechanical design is first described. Design optimization is achieved by detailed finite element thermo-mechanical modeling. The complex encapsulation process to attain the correct chip to hat ATC gaps is outlined. Verification of the ATC gaps is an integral part of the assembly process. The reliability qualification is then discussed. Issues found during the qualification were the structural fragility of the glass ceramic chip carrier flange and ATC thermal degradation. The structural robustness of the chip carrier was improved by modifying its design. ATC degradation is quantitatively related to the shear strain
The Relation between Nonverbal IQ and Postoperative CI Outcomes in Cochlear Implant Users: Preliminary Result (2015)

Objectives. This study assessed the correlation between performance intelligence and the postoperative cochlear implant (CI) outcome in Korean-speaking children. In addition, the relationship between the performance intelligence subscales and the post-CI speech outcome was evaluated. Materials and Methods. Thirteen pediatric CI users (five males, eight females; median age at implantation 6.2 (range 1.3-14.2) years; median age at intelligence test 9.3 (range 5-16) years) who were tested using the Korean Educational Development Institute-Wechsler Intelligence Scale for children were studied. The correlations between the intelligence scores and 1-2 years postoperative Categories of Auditory Performance (CAP) scores and between subscales of performance and 1-2 years postoperative CAP scores were analyzed. Results. There was no correlation between the categories of verbal intelligence quotient (IQ) and performance IQ for "mentally retarded" and "average," respectively (Spearman's rho = 0.42, P = 0.15). There was a strong correlation between performance IQ and the postoperative CAP scale (Spearman's rho = 0.8977, P = 0.0008). "Picture arrangement" and "picture completion," reflecting social cognition, were strongly correlated with the postoperative CAP scales. Conclusion. Performance intelligence, especially social cognition, was strongly related to the postoperative CI outcome of cochlear implant users. Therefore, auditory rehabilitation, including social rehabilitation, should maximize the postoperative CI outcomes.
POF data link employing a display-type green LED fabricated from GaN material (2003)

Data links incorporating a green light source at 520nm are required for use with polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) plastic optical fiber (POF) systems because they have a lower attenuation coefficient compared with conventional red light sources at 650nm. Recently, green LEDs have been developed based on Gallium Nitride (GaN) materials, and high optical output power GaN green LED lamps are now commercially available for general use in display applications. In this paper, we describe in detail the fundamental characteristics of these GaN green LEDs that are due to be employed in POF data links. We evaluate the temperature coefficients of the optical output power and the center wavelength shift and also demonstrate a green LED POF data link that complies with IEEE 1394 S100 operation. GaN green LEDs seem to be promising candidates as light sources for the next generation of POF data links for automotive applications or for long distance In-house multimedia networks. This is because, as we will show, they can operate both at high temperatures and with reduced temperature sensitivity compared with red LEDs fabricated from AlGaInP materials.
Autonomic restoration of electrical conductivity using polymer-stabilized carbon nanotube and graphene microcapsules (2012)

We report the use of microcapsules containing suspensions of polymer-stabilized carbon nanotubes and/or graphene flakes for the autonomic restoration of conductivity in fractured gold lines. Multilayered samples were prepared in which microcapsules were embedded in layers of epoxy above and below a glass slide patterned with gold lines. Upon sample fracture, conductivity was lost as a crack formed in the gold line. Simultaneous release of carbon nanotubes and/or graphene suspensions from capsule cores restored conductivity in minutes. We suggest a healing mechanism in which the released carbon nanomaterials bridge gaps in the gold lines.
XML fragments extended with database operators (2007)

documents represent a middle range between data such as textual documents and fully data encoded in databases. Typically, information retrieval techniques are used to support search on the unstructured end of this scale, while database techniques are used for the part. To date, most of the works on query and search have stemmed from the side and are strongly inspired by database techniques. In a previous work we described a new query approach via pieces of data called XML which are of the same nature as the queried documents and are specifically targeted to support the information needs of end-users in an intuitive way. In addition to its simplicity, Fragments represent a natural extension to traditional free text information retrieval queries where both documents and queries are represented as vectors of words and as such it enables a natural extension of IR ranking models to rank documents by context and structure. In this paper, we extend Fragments with database operators thus allowing both IR style approach together with database structured query capabilities.
Development of p/n and n/p thick emitter InP solar cells (1996)

Both n/p and p/n InP thick emitter (0.3 /spl mu/m) space solar cells with and without Ga/sub 0.5/In/sub 0.5/P windows are studied. Both polarity cells are considered for possible growth on Ge. While not achieving the high efficiencies of thin emitter InP cells, the thicker emitter cells may provide an advantage in radiation hardness. The Ga/sub 0.5/In/sub 0.5/P window has little effect on cell performance, for either polarity.
Synthesis of a 316L stainless steel-copper composite by laser melting (2022)

This paper demonstrates a laser melting method to produce a metal matrix composite with a higher thermal conductivity compared to 316 L stainless steel using a Jettable Cu ink. A novel canister was used to control the oxygen level during laser processing to emulate a hybrid inkjet-powder bed fusion technique for doping the stainless steel powder bed with Cu precursor ink. The thermal conductivity of the composite was found to be 187% higher than that of 316 L stainless steel, while the microhardness decreased by 39%. Microstructural results show opportunities to further enhance the thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of the composite by eliminating interfacial cracking.
Impact of Age on Transfusion Independence Response, Survival, and Transformation to Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Patients with Deletion 5q: A Sub-Analysis of the MDS-003 Study (2008)

Abstract Introduction: Recent data have demonstrated that lenalidomide reduced transfusion requirements and reversed cytologic and cytogenetic abnormalities in patients who have myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) with the chromosome 5q31 deletion (List et al NEJM 2006). Previous studies have demonstrated that age may impact on survival rates in cancer patients, but the impact of age on patients treated with lenalidomide for deletion 5q [del(5q)] MDS has not been investigated. This sub-analysis investigated the impact of age on transfusion independence (TI) response, survival, transformation to acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and cytopenias in patients with deletion 5q who were treated with lenalidomide. Methods: Transfusion-dependent, Low/Int-1-risk patients with primary MDS and del(5q) with/without additional cytogenetic abnormalities were treated with lenalidomide 10 mg daily or for 21 days every 28 days. Patients were treated until disease progression, treatment failure, or treatment-limiting adverse events. For this analysis, patients were subdivided into two categories: ≤75 and &amp;gt;75 years of age. The relationship between age and TI response, survival, progression to AML, and cytopenias were analyzed. Results: A total of 148 patients were included in the study: 103 patients aged ≤75 years and 45 patients aged &amp;gt;75 years (Table). The TI response was 68% for patients aged ≤75 years and 60% for patients aged &amp;gt;75 years (P=0.35). As expected, median survival was shorter for older patients (P=0.01). There was no difference in the progression to AML with 22% progressing for patients aged ≤75 years and 16% for patients aged &amp;gt;75 years (P=0.65). Cytopenias were reported in 84% and 76% of patients aged ≤75 and &amp;gt;75 years, respectively (p=0.42). Conclusion: Patients aged &amp;gt;75 years had a similar TI response to patients aged ≤75 years of age. Survival was shorter as is to be expected in an older age group with a lower average life expectancy. There was no difference in the rate of progression to AML when compared with patients aged ≤75 years. The rates of cytopenias were not influenced by patient age. ≤75 years (n = 103) &amp;gt;75 years (n = 45) P CI, confidence interval; NA, not yet reached. TI response, n/N (%) 70/103 (68) 27/45 (60) 0.35 Median survival, years (95% CI) NA (3.186–NA) 2.52 (2.13–3.09) 0.01 AML progression, n/N (%) 23/103 (22) 7/45 (16) 0.65 Cytopenias, n/N (%) 87/103 (84) 34/45 (76) 0.42
Single‐walled carbon nanotube transistors on an ultra‐thin gate dielectric (2006)

Abstract Back‐gated single‐walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) transistors were fabricated using a silane‐based organic self‐assembled monolayer as a gate dielectric on top of a highly doped silicon wafer. These ultra‐thin layers ensure strong gate coupling and therefore low operation voltages. The source and drain contacts were patterned through conventional electron‐beam lithography after deposition of the organic monolayer and the nanotubes. The organic monolayer was found to be stable against an e‐beam dose of 300 μC/cm 2 , as reflected by the very low gate leakage current density of 10 –7 A/cm 2 at a gate voltage of 2 V. On this basis, single‐electron transistors (SETs) were obtained from individual metallic SWCNTs, which display Coulomb oscillations with a period five times smaller than devices with a 200 nm SiO 2 gate dielectric. Moreover, field‐effect transistors made from individual semiconducting SWCNTs operate with gate‐source voltages of –2 V, show good saturation, small hysteresis (200 mV) as well as a low subthreshold swing (290 mV/dec). (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Calculation of electric fields and currents induced in a millimeter-resolution human model at 60 Hz using the FDTD method (1998)

The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method has previously been used to calculate induced currents in anatomically based models of the human body at frequencies ranging from 20 to 915 MHz and resolutions down to about 1.25 cm. Calculations at lower frequencies and higher resolutions have been precluded by the huge number of time steps that would be needed in these simulations. This paper describes a method used to overcome this problem and efficiently calculate induced currents in an MRI-based, 6-mm-resolution model of the human under a high-voltage transmission line. This model is significantly higher resolution than the 1.31-cm-resolution model previously used; therefore, it can be used to pinpoint locations of peak current densities in the body. Proposed safety guidelines would allow external electric fields of 10 kV/m and 25 kV/m for exposure to 60 Hz fields of the general public and workers, respectively. For this external electric field exposure of 10 kV/m, local induced current densities as high as 20 mA/m2 are found in the head and trunk with even higher values (above 150 mA/m2) in the legs. These currents are considerably higher than the 4 or even 10 mA/m2 that have been suggested in the various safety guidelines, thus indicating an inconsistency in the proposed guidelines. In addition, several ratios of E/H typical of power line exposures were examined, and it was found that the vertical electric field couples strongly to the body, whereas the horizontal magnetic field does not.
Physics of Hysteresis in MESFET Drain I-V Characteristics: Simulation Approach (2010)

The two-dimensional device simulator, MediciTM, was used to simulate 4H silicon carbide (4H-SiC) n-channel power metal semiconductor field effect transistors (MESFETs) with 0.5 µm gate length with and without p-type buffer layer between the n-channel and the semi-insulating (SI) substrate. The devices, which have previously been fabricated and characterized experimentally, have ion-implanted n+ source and drain ohmic contact regions. The simulations were performed with transient 30 V amplitude symmetrical triangular pulse with 30 s pulse width. Simulations show that hysteresis in drain I-V curves of MESFETs is due to substrate traps and source/drain implant damage traps. The hysteresis is caused by trapping and emission of channel electrons by the traps as VDS rises from 0 V to VDS(max) and as VDS falls from VDS(max) back to 0 V. This leads to difference in trap occupation, and hence difference in channel electron concentration as VDS rises and falls. This finally leads to difference in drain-source current (IDS) at a given VDS for a given VGS as VDS rises and falls, giving rise to the hysteresis in the I-V curves.
[Development of recombinant HEK293-16 cell strain expressing chimera receptor EpoR/LR-F3/HAb18GEF with site-specific integration expression system]. (2007)

HEK293-16 cell strains stably expressing EpoR/LR-F3/HAb18GEF chimera receptor have been developed successfully, which lays foundation for MAPPIT (Mammalian protein-protein interaction trap) screening of binding molecule of hepatoma associated antigen HAb18G/CD147.
Hop-by-Hop Traceback in Wireless Sensor Networks (2011)

We propose two advancements in the existing Bloom filter based traceback schemes for WSNs (Wireless Sensor Networks): the support of directed queries, and a way of reducing the false positive rate at the nodes nearer to the sink. Simulation results show that the proposed mechanism can efficiently traceback the packets with very few false positives.
Deletion of Cyclophilin D Impairs β-Oxidation and Promotes Glucose Metabolism (2015)

Cyclophilin D (CypD) is a mitochondrial matrix protein implicated in cell death, but a potential role in bioenergetics is not understood. Here, we show that loss or depletion of CypD in cell lines and mice induces defects in mitochondrial bioenergetics due to impaired fatty acid β-oxidation. In turn, CypD loss triggers a global compensatory shift towards glycolysis, with transcriptional upregulation of effectors of glucose metabolism, increased glucose consumption and higher ATP production. In vivo, the glycolytic shift secondary to CypD deletion is associated with expansion of insulin-producing β-cells, mild hyperinsulinemia, improved glucose tolerance, and resistance to high fat diet-induced liver damage and weight gain. Therefore, CypD is a novel regulator of mitochondrial bioenergetics, and unexpectedly controls glucose homeostasis, in vivo.