gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cryptocaryols A–H, α-Pyrone-Containing 1,3-Polyols from Cryptocarya sp. Implicated in Stabilizing the Tumor Suppressor Pdcd4 (2011)

A high-throughput cell-based reporter assay designed to identify small-molecule stabilizers of the tumor suppressor Pdcd4 was used to screen extracts in the NCI Natural Products Repository. Bioassay-guided fractionation of an extract from a Papua New Guinea collection of the tropical tree Cryptocarya sp. provided a series of new 5,6-dihydro-α-pyrone-containing 1,3-polyols (1-8), named cryptocaryols A-H. Their structures were assigned from a combination of NMR, MS, and CD studies in conjunction with NMR database comparisons. Compounds 1-8 were found to rescue Pdcd4 from TPA-induced degradation with EC50 concentrations that ranged from 1.3 to 4.9 μM.
Investigation of Water-cooled Integrated Motor-Inverter System for Vehicle Traction (2019)

This investigates the miniaturization and high performance techniques for a vehicle traction motor system. A suitable integration structure of motor and inverter with water cooling is studied. Possible structures are enumerated and benchmarked with size, electrical wiring characteristics, and piping performance as indicators. Two suitable structures are extracted and examined in detail. The size or the most suitable integrated motor-inverter structure was 10% lower than that of the second-most suitable structure. By applying a concentrated winding phase-shift dual three-phase motor that exploits an integrated structure, the efficiency was increased by 5% in the low-torque condition is achieved by driving one group of two three-phase motor.
Consecutive Junction-Induced Efficient Charge Separation Mechanisms for High-Performance MoS2/Quantum Dot Phototransistors (2018)

Phototransistors that are based on a hybrid vertical heterojunction structure of two-dimensional (2D)/quantum dots (QDs) have recently attracted attention as a promising device architecture for enhancing the quantum efficiency of photodetectors. However, to optimize the device structure to allow for more efficient charge separation and transfer to the electrodes, a better understanding of the photophysical mechanisms that take place in these architectures is required. Here, we employ a novel concept involving the modulation of the built-in potential within the QD layers for creating a new hybrid MoS<sub>2</sub>/PbS QDs phototransistor with consecutive type II junctions. The effects of the built-in potential across the depletion region near the type II junction interface in the QD layers are found to improve the photoresponse as well as decrease the response times to 950 μs, which is the faster response time (by orders of magnitude) than that recorded for previously reported 2D/QD phototransistors. Also, by implementing an electric-field modulation of the MoS<sub>2</sub> channel, our experimental results reveal that the detectivity can be as large as 1 × 10<sup>11</sup> jones. This work demonstrates an important pathway toward designing hybrid phototransistors and mixed-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures.
On mutually exclusive roles and separation-of-duty (2007)

Separation-of-duty (SoD) is widely considered to be a fundamental principle in computer security. A static SoD (SSoD) policy states that in order to have all permissions necessary to complete a sensitive task, the cooperation of at least a certain number of users is required. Role-based access control (RBAC) is today's dominant access-control model. It is widely believed that one of RBAC's main strengths is that it enables the use of constraints to support policies, such as separation-of-duty. In the literature on RBAC, statically mutually exclusive roles (SMER) constraints are used to enforce SSoD policies. In this paper, we formulate and study fundamental computational problems related to the use of SMER constraints to enforce SSoD policies. We show that directly enforcing SSoD policies is intractable (coNP-complete), while checking whether an RBAC state satisfies a set of SMER constraints is efficient; however, verifying whether a given set of SMER constraints enforces an SSoD policy is also intractable (coNP-complete). We discuss the implications of these results. We show also how to generate SMER constraints that are as accurate as possible for enforcing an SSoD policy.
Crystallization and Preliminary X-Ray Analysis of Anti-Obesity Peptide Hormone Oxyntomodulin (2008)

Oxyntomodulin is a proglucagon-derived gut hormone that reduces food intake and body weight, thus represents a potential therapy for obesity. We synthesized and crystallized oxyntomodulin. The crystal diffracts x-ray to 2.4 A resolution and belongs to space group P2(1)3 with unit-cell parameters a=b=c= 48.44 A, alpha=beta=gamma=90 degrees . Preliminary analysis indicates a trimer packing in one asymmetric unit.
Pure Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery (NOTES) Nephrectomy Using Standard Laparoscopic Instruments in the Porcine Model (2008)

Pure NOTES nephrectomies are technically feasible in the porcine model by using standard laparoscopic instruments. Survival studies are necessary to determine the long-term complications and physiologic implications of NOTES nephrectomy. The development of innovative NOTES access trocars may allow for an increased armamentarium of NOTES instruments.
ChemInform Abstract: Platinum‐Catalyzed Synthesis of β‐Keto Tetrahydropyrans and Cyclic Dienolethers. (2011)

Abstract Zeise′s dimer catalyzes the cyclization of linear propargylic alcohols and esters.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of CRISPR elements in Yersinia pestis acquire new repeats by preferential uptake of bacteriophage DNA, and provide additional tools for evolutionary studies. (2013)

Read the full review for this Faculty Opinions recommended article: CRISPR elements in Yersinia pestis acquire new repeats by preferential uptake of bacteriophage DNA, and provide additional tools for evolutionary studies.
Visible submicron microdisk lasers (2007)

The authors describe the performance of submicron microdisk lasers fabricated within InGaP∕InGaAlP quantum well material working at room temperature. The smallest lasers, with diameters of approximately 600nm, feature ultrasmall mode volumes and exhibit single mode operation at low threshold powers. Their small cavity volumes of approximately 0.03μm3 enable microdisk lasers to be used as spectroscopic sources. Here the authors demonstrate the fabrication and characterization of visible, monolithically fabricated, submicron microdisk lasers.
Bubble-related sources of sea-surface sound (1990)

The observation that oceanic ambient noise is wind dependent over a broad frequency range [G. Wenz, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 34, 1936 (1962)] suggests a major role for gas bubbles as sources of this sound. Bubble noise generation mechanisms in a variety of modalities and under both passive and active surveillance are examined. The preliminary studies have examined topics such as collective oscillations of bubble clouds, bubble entrainment by capillary waves, and precipitation noise. A brief overview of this research is presented and the most recent results are described in some detail. [Work supported by ONR and ONT.]
Sequence analysis of a cDNA clone of a gene encoding a component of a putative phosphorylcholine‐specific T suppressor factor and functional property of its gene product (1987)

We have isolated a putative phosphorylcholine (PC)-T cell suppressor factor (TsF) cDNA clone, p6-5, from a cDNA library of a T hybridoma which constitutively secretes a PC-TsF in vitro [8]. In the present study, we determined the nucleotide sequence of the p6-5 gene and found that the p6-5 sequence is 86% homologous to rat preproelastase 1 gene, one of the serine protease genes. An oligopeptide (14 mer, TsF14) deduced from the p6-5 sequence was synthesized and antisera against TsF14 were prepared in rabbits. Anti-TsF14-conjugated Sepharose 4B specifically absorbed the PC-TsF activity from the culture supernatant of PC-TsF-secreting T hybridomas. In contrast, the binding molecule eluted from the anti-TsF14-conjugated Sepharose suppressed the antibody response PC specifically. These results indicated that the p6-5 polypeptide is a component of the PC-TsF molecule.
Evaluation of silk fibroin-based urinary conduits in a porcine model of urinary diversion (2023)

<b>Background:</b> The primary strategy for urinary diversion in radical cystectomy patients involves incorporation of autologous gastrointestinal conduits into the urinary tract which leads to deleterious consequences including chronic infections and metabolic abnormalities. This report investigates the efficacy of an acellular, tubular bi-layer silk fibroin (BLSF) graft to function as an alternative urinary conduit in a porcine model of urinary diversion. <b>Materials and methods:</b> Unilateral urinary diversion with stented BLSF conduits was executed in five adult female, Yucatan mini-swine over a 3 month period. Longitudinal imaging analyses including ultrasonography, retrograde ureteropyelography and video-endoscopy were carried out monthly. Histological, immunohistochemical (IHC), and histomorphometric assessments were performed on neoconduits at harvest. <b>Results:</b> All animals survived until scheduled euthanasia and displayed moderate hydronephrosis (Grades 1-3) in reconstructed collecting systems over the course of the study period. Stented BLSF constructs supported formation of vascularized, retroperitoneal tubes capable of facilitating external urinary drainage. By 3 months post-operative, neoconduits contained <i>α</i>-smooth muscle actin+ and SM22α+ smooth muscle as well as uroplakin 3A+ and pan-cytokeratin + urothelium. However, the degree of tissue regeneration in neotissues was significantly lower in comparison to ureteral controls as determined by histomorphometry. In addition, neoconduit stenting was necessary to prevent stomal occlusion. <b>Conclusion:</b> BLSF biomaterials represent emerging platforms for urinary conduit construction and may offer a functional replacement for conventional urinary diversion techniques following further optimization of mechanical properties and regenerative responses.
Exploitation of Molten Salts for Biofilm Disruption, Pathogen Neutralization and Transdermal Delivery (2015)

Abstract Not Provided
Biochemical and Hematologic Reference Intervals for Anesthetized, Female, Juvenile Yorkshire Swine (2021)

Swine are widely used in biomedical research, translational research, xenotransplantation, and agriculture. For these uses, physiologic reference intervals are extremely important for assessing the health status of the swine and diagnosing disease. However, few biochemical and hematologic reference intervals that comply with guidelines from the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute and the American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology are available for swine. These guidelines state that reference intervals should be determined by using 120 subjects or more. The aim of this study was to generate hematologic and biochemical reference intervals for female, juvenile Yorkshire swine (<i>Sus scrofa domesticus</i>) and to compare these values with those for humans and baboons (<i>Papio hamadryas</i>). Blood samples were collected from the femoral artery or vein of female, juvenile Yorkshire swine, and standard hematologic and biochemical parameters were analyzed in multiple studies. Hematologic and biochemical reference intervals were calculated for arterial blood samples from Yorkshire swine (<i>n</i> = 121 to 124); human and baboon reference intervals were obtained from the literature. Arterial reference intervals for Yorkshire swine differed significantly from those for humans and baboons in all commonly measured parameters except platelet count, which did not differ significantly from the human value, and glucose, which was not significantly different from the baboon value. These data provide valuable information for investigators using female, juvenile Yorkshire swine for biomedical re- search, as disease models, and in xenotransplantation studies as well as useful physiologic information for veterinarians and livestock producers. Our findings highlight the need for caution when comparing data and study outcomes between species.
Scaling Autoregressive Video Models (2019)

Due to the statistical complexity of video, the high degree of inherent stochasticity, and the sheer amount of data, generating natural video remains a challenging task. State-of-the-art video generation models often attempt to address these issues by combining sometimes complex, usually video-specific neural network architectures, latent variable models, adversarial training and a range of other methods. Despite their often high complexity, these approaches still fall short of generating high quality video continuations outside of narrow domains and often struggle with fidelity. In contrast, we show that conceptually simple autoregressive video generation models based on a three-dimensional self-attention mechanism achieve competitive results across multiple metrics on popular benchmark datasets, for which they produce continuations of high fidelity and realism. We also present results from training our models on Kinetics, a large scale action recognition dataset comprised of YouTube videos exhibiting phenomena such as camera movement, complex object interactions and diverse human movement. While modeling these phenomena consistently remains elusive, we hope that our results, which include occasional realistic continuations encourage further research on comparatively complex, large scale datasets such as Kinetics.
A Novel Lens Antenna Design Based on a Bed of Nails Metasurface for New Generation Mobile Devices (2020)

This paper presents a lens antenna concept with multibeam performance in the mm-wave band for the next generation mobile devices. The lens consists of metallic vias, etched in the substrate with different height, to obtain different permittivity. The goal is to correct the phase distribution of the incoming electromagnetic wave, to radiate towards the desired direction with high gain. The –10 dB impedance bandwidth of 4 GHz is achieved around the central frequency of 38 GHz. Three beams pointing different directions allow to cover the angle range of 68° in azimuth with realized gain higher than 5 dBi. Simulations of the lens antenna placed on the top left corner of a mobile phone PCB confirm the performance of the prototype. Moreover, the total scan pattern (TSP) highlights wide coverage of 110° in elevation, where the gain is overall more than 6 dBi, reaching peak values of 9.4 dBi.
A model for the mechanical response with damage of collagenous biostructures (2010)

Mechanics of soft collagenous tissues is highly influenced by its structured histological macroscopic organization as well as by a number of mechanisms occurring at both micro- and nano-scale. Collagenous tissues can be regarded as fiber reinforced composite materials where the reinforcement phase is represented by crimped collagenous fibers. Such fibers are bundles of densely packed fibrils, that is tilted structures made of staggered arrays of cross-linked tropocollagen molecules. Adjacent fibrils within a fiber are themselves stabilized by lateral fibril-to-fibril covalent cross-links. As experimental evidences and molecular models suggest, cross-links affect molecular rearrangement mechanisms (slippage and gap increasing) and, depending on their density, both yield and tensile strength of fibrils (Buehler, 2008).&#13;\nRegular soft collagenous tissues (such as tendons, ligaments and aortic tissue) usually experience a non-linear J-shaped stress/strain response (Fratzl, 2008). A reversible nonlinearity source in tissue tensile tests is related to the transition from less ordered molecular states (molecular kinks) to more ordered ones, usually addressed as a source of entropic elasticity (Buehler and Wong, 2007). Moreover, nanoscale effects and cross-link density highly affect tissue failure in terms of both ultimate strength and failure mechanisms.&#13;\nMultiscale techniques have been revealed to be effective and powerful for describing soft tissue mechanical response, allowing to take into account dominant effects related to very different physical scales. In present work, a piecewise continuous convex constitutive response for modelling at the nanoscale the transition from entropic towards energetic elasticity of collagen macromolecules is employed. Moreover, both the molecular damage at the nanoscale and the fibrils damage at the microscale are modelled by assuming an unilateral behaviour of both molecules and cross-links, respectively. Employing standard tools deriving from convex analysis, that is by introducing suitable dissipative pseudo-potentials, a brittle failure is reproduced for molecules, whereas a ductile irreversible response is accounted for cross-links. By using a two-step nano-micro-macro homogenization technique (Maceri et al., 2010), this approach allow to model the experimental behaviour at the macroscale of soft collagenous tissues, starting only from few parameters measurable by simple histological tests. A number of benchmarks is proposed, showing the effectiveness and the accuracy of present model, as well as its capability to analyze the influence of collagen-related genetic defects.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Self-Assembled Biomaterial\nScaffolds (2016)

Current interest in biomaterials for tissue engineering and drug delivery applications have spurred\nresearch into self-assembling peptide amphiphiles (PAs). Nanofiber networks formed from self-assembling PAs can be used as biomaterial scaffolds with the advantage of specificity by the\nincorporation of peptide-epitopes. Imaging the materials noninvasively will give information as to\ntheir fate in vivo. We report here the synthesis and in vitro MR images of self-assembling peptide\namphiphile contrast agents (PACAs) that form nanofibers. At 400 MHz using a 0.1 mM Gd(III)\nconjugate of the PA we observed a T&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; three times that of a control gel. The PA derivative was doped\ninto various epitope bearing PA solutions and upon gelling resulted in a homogeneous biomaterial as\nimaged by MRI.
In VitroandIn VivoActivities of Novel, Semisynthetic Thiopeptide Inhibitors of Bacterial Elongation Factor Tu (2011)

ABSTRACT Recently, we identified aminothiazole derivatives of GE2270 A. These novel semisynthetic congeners, like GE2270 A, target the essential bacterial protein elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu). Medicinal chemistry optimization of lead molecules led to the identification of preclinical development candidates 1 and 2. These cycloalklycarboxylic acid derivatives show activity against difficult to treat Gram-positive pathogens and demonstrate increased aqueous solubility compared to GE2270 A. We describe here the in vitro and in vivo activities of compounds 1 and 2 compared to marketed antibiotics. Compounds 1 and 2 were potent against clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (MIC 90 ≤ 0.25 μg/ml) but weaker against the streptococci (MIC 90 ≥ 4 μg/ml). Like GE2270 A, the derivatives inhibited bacterial protein synthesis and selected for spontaneous loss of susceptibility via mutations in the tuf gene, encoding EF-Tu. The mutants were not cross-resistant to other antibiotic classes. In a mouse systemic infection model, compounds 1 and 2 protected mice from lethal S. aureus infections with 50% effective doses (ED 50 ) of 5.2 and 4.3 mg/kg, respectively. Similarly, compounds 1 and 2 protected mice from lethal systemic E. faecalis infections with ED 50 of 0.56 and 0.23 mg/kg, respectively. In summary, compounds 1 and 2 are active in vitro and in vivo activity against difficult-to-treat Gram-positive bacterial infections and represent a promising new class of antibacterials for use in human therapy.
Colon Mucosa Exhibits Loss of Ectopic MUC5AC Expression in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis Treated with Oral Tacrolimus (2013)

Background. Tacrolimus (FK506) is effective for patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). However, there are few reports on tacrolimus therapy (TT) with respect to the relationship with endoscopic and clinicopathologic findings. Methods. Thirty patients with moderate/severe active UC refractory to or dependent on corticosteroid were treated with oral tacrolimus. The expression of ectopic MUC5AC in the colon was pathologically analyzed before and at 12 weeks after TT, evaluating the Mayo score and steroid-sparing effects. Results. Both mean disease and endoscopic activity index scores were reduced at levels of statistical significance in 26 UC patients receiving more than one month of TT (P < 0.0001). The dose of prednisolone was reduced by a statistically significant amount (P = 0.00022), and 14 of the 26 patients (53.8%) had steroid-free status 12 weeks after TT. The decrease in ectopic MUC5AC expression in the mucous cells of the colon was significantly associated with endoscopic improvement of inflammation in the UC patients with TT (P = 0.043). Loss of ectopic MUC5AC expression was detected in all patients who had complete response. Conclusions. Tacrolimus appears to be effective for the treatment of moderate/severe UC patients. Loss of ectopic MUC5AC expression may be important for pathologic remission in the colon of UC patients.
From Symbols to Signals: Symbolic Variational Autoencoders (2020)

We introduce Symbolic Variational Autoencoders which generate images from symbols that represent semantic concepts. Unlike generic Variational Autoencoders (VAEs) or Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), the latent distribution from the Symbolic Variational Autoencoder is discrete. The symbols are learned in a completely unsupervised manner by reconstructing images from symbolic encodings. We demonstrate the efficacy of our symbolic approach on the MNIST and FashionMNIST datasets. Results indicate that symbolic encodings naturally form a grammar, where unique strings of symbols map to different semantic concepts. We further explore how changing these symbols affects the final image that is generated.
Speech recognition over netmeeting connections (2001)

In this paper we evaluate the performance of the ISL’s German Verbmobil spontaneous speech recognizer on the Nespole! database. In this task, people talk to an agent in a tourist office to plan their holidays via a NetMeeting connection, also sharing screen contents (web-pages). Stereo recordings were made both before and after speech transmission over an IP connection using the G.711 codec, so that we are able to directly measure the loss in LVCSR performance due to NetMeeting’s segmentation and compression. The aim of this work is to quantify this loss, which is a consequence of using protocols which were not designed for speech recognition purposes. We report on techniques employed to port our existing clean-speech recognizer to this new data quality, using about 1.5h of labeled adaptation data, but avoiding a complete retraining of the system.