gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Processing Electronics and Detector of the Mars 2020 SHERLOC Instrument (2020)

The SHERLOC instrument (Scanning Habitable Environments with Raman & Luminescence for Organics & Chemicals) is an ultraviolet (UV) Raman and fluorescence spectrometer that will be deployed on the Mars 2020 rover mission. The instrument includes a context microscopic imager with resolution of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$10\ \mu\mathrm{m}$</tex> , and the scanning laser has a spot size of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$100\ \mu\mathrm{m}$</tex> , which allows SHERLOC to generate spatially and spectrally resolved data cubes without contact with the Martian surface (typically ∼5 cm of standoff from an abraded surface); it is designed to detect and characterize organics and astrobiologically relevant minerals in the search for past life. The instrument is led by Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) with electronics, software, and electronic ground support equipment provided by Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), among others. The instrument is composed of two main physical components: the SHERLOC body assembly (SBA) and the turret assembly (STA). The SBA resides in the main body of the rover and operates in a relatively benign environment, while the STA is mounted on the rover arm turret and experiences extreme temperature fluctuations. The SBA conditions power from the rover, interfaces with the rover for command and data handling, and provides the control for the scanner and spectrometer. The SBA incorporates a LEON3 processor that runs all of the spectroscopy flight software. The STA houses the laser, laser power supply, imagers, scanning mirror, optics, and charge coupled device detector. The STA and SBA communicate via Spacewire over 12m of flex circuit routed down the rover robotic arm. The instrument is designed to autonomously scan a sample scene of approximately 7 × 7 mm, process the resulting data, and then subsequently interrogate regions of interest with much higher spatial and spectral resolution. This paper will describe the instrument spectroscopy electronics design and operation. It will cover the sampling and acquisition of data from the CCD, the detector noise performance, as well as storage and transmission of data to the vehicle.
The Cost of Asking Crowd Workers to Behave Maliciously (2016)

Crowdsourcing has emerged as a powerful way to provide computer systems with quick and easy access to human intelligence. However, there is a risk that online crowd workers could be directed to perform harmful tasks. To understand the impact of financial incentives on paid crowd workers’ willingness to behave maliciously, we conducted a series of experiments in which we hired crowd workers via one crowdsourcing task (Attack task) to attack a different crowdsourcing task (Target task). We found that roughly one third of all crowd workers were willing to provide the attack task with potentially sensitive information from the target task, and that we could double this number by increasing the payment of the Attack task. Based on exit interviews and community feedback, we discuss some of what workers reported. Our findings reveal a measurable cost to completing malicious work that well-meaning task designers can leverage to protect their systems from attack.
Efficient and ultra-compact computational metamaterials for integrated photonics and free-space applications (2015)

We applied nonlinear optimization to design metamaterials as free-space polarizers, integrated fiber couplers, polarization/wavelength splitter, and other linear mode converter devices. Such devices exhibit at least comparable or better performance than their conventional counterparts, but occupy a much smaller size.
U-Net based image segmentation of mesenchymal stem cells (2021)

Cell-based therapy is an attractive strategy for the long-term management of various chronic diseases. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a heterogeneous group of cells that have demonstrated clinically relevant therapeutic effects. The proliferative and therapeutic potential of MSCs can be characterized by the culture quality, which is reflected by their morphological phenotype. Morphological analysis has been a robust method for monitoring culture quality, but visual inspection is subjective and time-consuming. Our goal is to develop an automated algorithm to segment MSCs for an objective, non-invasive, and rapid cell assessment. We have built an algorithm to segment MSCs using U-Net architecture trained with 71 phase-contrast micro- graphs having 472 cells. MSC culture images are pre-processed and given as inputs to the trained U-Net model that provides a prediction map for cell segmentation. The U-Net output is then post-processed using morphological operations to get rid of false positive cell detections. Results were validated using visual inspection from MSC experts. Our independent test dataset of 36 images consisted of 186 cells. We obtained a sensitivity of 0.742 and a precision of 0.789 for cell detection and a Dice-Sorensen score of 0.823 ± 0.051 for segmentation. The proposed algorithm shows the potential to segment MSCs with accuracy and robustness higher than conventional U-Net. Automated cell segmentation would enable rapid quantification of cytomorphological features and may also drive stem cell quality control processes.
Inhibitory effects of dextran derivatives in vitro on the growth characteristics of premalignant and malignant human mammary epithelial cell lines. (1992)

The effects of two dextran derivatives (CMDBS-6 and CMDBS-12) on the growth rates of three human mammary epithelial cell lines (HBL100,HH9 and MCF7) were studied. CMDBS-6 markedly inhibited the growth of all lines, while CMDBS-12 and native dextran T40 had no effect on the growth of all lines. This inhibition was dose-dependent, reversible and inversely related to the concentration of fetal calf serum. The inhibitory effect of CMDBS-6 is cytostatic but not cytotoxic. Moreover, CMDBS-6 appears to have a stronger effect on HBL100 cells which are non-tumorigenic in nude mice. In contrast, the growth of HH9 cells, which are highly tumorigenic in nude mice, is less inhibited by CMDBS-6. Whereas CMDBS-6 inhibited the HBL100 cell anchorage, that of HH9 cells was not affected. By analysing the cell distribution in the various phases of the cell cycle, we have observed that CMDBS-6 arrested HBL100 and MCF7 cell mainly in the G0/GI phase. In contrast, HH9 cells were accumulated in the G2/M phase. When treated with CMDBS-6, human mammary cells slightly increased their granularities. These results demonstrate an antiproliferative activity of CMDBS-6 which could not be explained by an inactivation of mitogens provided by the serum but suggest that this compound could exert its cytostatic effects via a cell-specific mechanism.
Bit-Flipping Equalizer and ML Search-Space Analysis in Ultra-Wideband MIMO Channels (2008)

In this paper, we propose a low-complexity equalizer whose performance approaches that of the optimum maximum-likelihood (ML) estimator, in ultra-wideband (UWB) multiple- input multiple-output (MIMO) channels. Although the ML estimation offers the excellent performance, it is generally of high complexity due to the large size of searching space. Through a theoretical search-space analysis, we reveal that local searching algorithms may approximate the ML estimator when a large number of diversity branches is available. Based on the analysis, we develop a novel equalizer with simple bit-flipping for severely frequency-selective fading in UWB-MIMO channels.
Vascularization of Natural and Synthetic Bone Scaffolds (2018)

Vascularization of engineered bone tissue is critical for ensuring its survival after implantation. In vitro pre-vascularization of bone grafts with endothelial cells is a promising strategy to improve implant survival. In this study, we pre-cultured human smooth muscle cells (hSMCs) on bone scaffolds for 3 weeks followed by seeding of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), which produced a desirable environment for microvasculature formation. The sequential cell-seeding protocol was successfully applied to both natural (decellularized native bone, or DB) and synthetic (3D-printed Hyperelastic "Bone" scaffolds, or HB) scaffolds, demonstrating a comprehensive platform for developing natural and synthetic-based in vitro vascularized bone grafts. Using this sequential cell-seeding process, the HUVECs formed lumen structures throughout the DB scaffolds as well as vascular tissue bridging 3D-printed fibers within the HB. The pre-cultured hSMCs were essential for endothelial cell (EC) lumen formation within DB scaffolds, as well as for upregulating EC-specific gene expression of HUVECs grown on HB scaffolds. We further applied this co-culture protocol to DB scaffolds using a perfusion bioreactor, to overcome the limitations of diffusive mass transport into the interiors of the scaffolds. Compared with static culture, panoramic histological sections of DB scaffolds cultured in bioreactors showed improved cellular density, as well as a nominal increase in the number of lumen structures formed by ECs in the interior regions of the scaffolds. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that the sequential seeding of hSMCs and HUVECs can serve to generate early microvascular networks that could further support the in vitro tissue engineering of naturally or synthetically derived bone grafts and in both random (DB) and ordered (HB) pore networks. Combined with the preliminary bioreactor study, this process also shows potential to generate clinically sized, vascularized bone scaffolds for tissue and regenerative engineering.
A physically complete model applied to BUD time-domain EMI data (2009)

In this paper a physically complete model called the Normalized Surface Magnetic Source (NSMS) model is applied to data collected using the Berkeley UXO Discriminator time-domain sensor. The sensor has three pairs of rectangular transmitters and eight pairs of receivers that measure gradients of scattered fields. The system is cart-based and produces well-located EMI data sets. In order to take advantage of this high quality data the NSMS technique is utilized for the BUD instrument. The NSMS is a very simple and robust technique for predicting the EMI responses of various objects. The technique is applicable to any combination of magnetic or electromagnetic induction data for any arbitrary homogeneous or heterogeneous 3D object or set of objects. The NSMS approach uses magnetic dipoles, distributed on a fictitious closed surface, as responding sources for predicting an object's EMI response. The amplitudes of the NSMS sources are determined from actual measured data and the resulting total NSMS is used as a discriminant. To demonstrate the applicability of the NSMS technique, we compare actual and predicted data for various UXO. The data were collected at Yuma Proving Ground UXO sites by personnel from the University of California, Berkeley.
P3S: A Privacy Preserving Publish-Subscribe Middleware (2012)

This paper presents P3S, a publish-subscribe middleware designed to protect the privacy of subscriber interest and confidentiality of published content. P3S combines recent advances in cryptography, specifically Ciphertext Policy Attribute Based Encryption (CP-ABE) and Predicate Based Encryption (PBE) with an innovative architecture to achieve the desired level of privacy. An initial P3S prototype has been implemented on top of a COTS JMS platform (ActiveMQ). Results of preliminary security analysis and initial evaluation of latency and throughput indicate that the P3S design is both practical and flexible to provide different levels of privacy for publish-subscribe messaging over various message sizes and network bandwidth settings.
Measurement of differentialJ/ψproduction cross sections and forward-backward ratios inp + Pbcollisions with the ATLAS detector (2015)

Measurements of differential cross sections for J / production in p + Pb collisions at s NN = 5.02 TeV at the CERN Large Hadron Collider with the ATLAS detector are presented. The data set used corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 28.1 nb -1 . The J / mesons are reconstructed in the dimuon decay channel over the transverse momentum range 8 < p T < 30 GeV and over the center-of-mass rapidity range -2.87 < y * < 1.94. Prompt J / are separated from J / resulting from b-hadron decays through an analysis of the distance between the J / decay vertex and the event primary vertex. The differential cross section for production of nonprompt J / is compared to a FONLL calculation that does not include nuclear effects. Forward-backward production ratios are presented and compared to theoretical predictions. These results complement previously published results by covering a region of higher transverse momentum and more central rapidity. They thus constrain the kinematic dependence of nuclear modifications of charmonium and b-quark production in p + Pb collisions.
Correction to Targeting the c-Kit Promoter G-quadruplexes with 6-Substituted Indenoisoquinolines (2010)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCorrectionORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionCorrection to Targeting the c-Kit Promoter G-quadruplexes with 6-Substituted IndenoisoquinolinesMallesham Bejugam, Mekala Gunaratnam, Sebastian Müller, Deborah A. Sanders, Sven Sewitz, Jonathan A. Fletcher, Stephen Neidle, and Shankar Balasubramanian*Cite this: ACS Med. Chem. Lett. 2010, 1, 9, 546Publication Date (Web):October 15, 2010Publication History Published online15 October 2010Published inissue 9 December 2010https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ml100241whttps://doi.org/10.1021/ml100241wcorrectionACS PublicationsCopyright © 2010 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views469Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (608 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:G-Quadruplex,Targeting Get e-Alerts
Measurements of Work Flow in a Thermoacoustic Engine (2003)

This paper describes the results of measurements of work flow in a thermoacoustic engine using helium as the working gas. Based on these results and thermoacoustic theory, the optimum length of the regenerator was predicted, and the efficiency of the thermoacoustic engine was improved. Further, the linear oscillatory alternator was attached to the thermoacoustic engine, and 43W was obtained as the electric power.
A new hybrid heuristic multiuser detector for DS‐CDMA communication systems (2008)

Abstract In this work, we present a new multiuser detection (MUD) structure which results from incorporating the tabu search (TS) heuristic algorithm with the local search (LS) heuristic algorithm. The new proposed structure brings much improvement when compared to both the conventional (matched filter) detector and the decorrelating detector. Moreover, the new TS‐LS‐detector proposed here approximates well the performance of the optimal MUD detector but with a very low computational complexity. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Anomalous temperature dependence of current-induced torques inCoFeB/MgOheterostructures with Ta-based underlayers (2014)

We have studied the underlayer thickness and temperature dependencies of the current-induced effective field in $\text{CoFeB}/\text{MgO}$ heterostructures with Ta-based underlayers. The underlayer thickness at which the effective field saturates is found to be different between the two orthogonal components of the effective field; i.e., the dampinglike term tends to saturate at a smaller underlayer thickness than the fieldlike term. For large underlayer thickness films in which the effective field saturates, we find that the measurement temperature significantly influences the size of the effective field. A striking difference is found in the temperature dependence of the two components: the dampinglike term decreases whereas the fieldlike term increases with increasing temperature. Using a simple spin diffusion-spin transfer model, we find that all of these results can be accounted for provided the real and imaginary parts of an effective spin mixing conductance are negative. These results imply that either spin transport in this system is different from conventional metallic interfaces or effects other than spin diffusion into the magnetic layer need to be taken into account in order to model the system accurately.
Bolometric photodetection using plasmon-assisted resistivity change in vanadium dioxide (2018)

Vanadium oxide is a key sensing material for bolometric photodetection, thanks to its strong temperature dependence of resistivity close to room temperature. Here we demonstrate the photodetection of a stoichiometric vanadium dioxide thin film integrated with silver nanorods. The nanorods convert light into heat, consequently suppressing the resistivity of vanadium dioxide via localised surface plasmon resonance. Incorporation of this thermo-plasmonic effect into bolometric photodetection allows for wavelength and polarisation sensitivity. This work opens the path to a broad family of photodetection functionalities for vanadium dioxide-based microbolometers.
Heterogeneous Data Integration by Learning to Rerank Schema Matches (2018)

Schema matching is a task at the heart of integrating heterogeneous structured and semi-structured data with applications in data warehousing, process matching, data analysis recommendations, Web table matching, etc. Schema matching is known to be an uncertain process and a common method of overcoming this uncertainty is by introducing a human expert with a ranked list of possible schema matches from which the expert may choose, known as <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">top-K</i> matching. In this work we propose a learning algorithm that utilizes an innovative set of features to rerank a list of schema matches and improves upon the ranking of the best match. The proposed algorithm assists the matching process by introducing a quality set of alternative matches to a human expert. It also serves as a step towards eliminating the involvement of human experts as decision makers in a matching process altogether. A large scale empirical evaluation with real-world benchmark shows the effectiveness of the proposed algorithmic solution.
Preparation of Erythromycin Analogues Having Functional Groups at C‐15. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Exploiting a new strategy to induce immunogenic cell death to improve dendritic cell-based vaccines for lymphoma immunotherapy (2017)

Although promising, the clinical benefit provided by dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccines is still limited and the choice of the optimal antigen formulation is still an unresolved issue. We have developed a new DC-based vaccination protocol for aggressive and/or refractory lymphomas which combines the unique features of interferon-conditioned DC (IFN-DC) with highly immunogenic tumor cell lysates (TCL) obtained from lymphoma cells undergoing immunogenic cell death. We show that treatment of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cell lines with 9-<i>cis</i>-retinoic acid and IFNα (RA/IFNα) induces early membrane exposure of Calreticulin, HSP70 and 90 together with CD47 down-regulation and enhanced HMGB1 secretion. Consistently, RA/IFNα-treated apoptotic cells and -TCLs were more efficiently phagocytosed by DCs compared to controls. Notably, cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) generated with autologous DCs pulsed with RA/IFNα-TCLs more efficiently recognized and specifically lysed MCL or DLBCL cells or targets loaded with several HLA-A*0201 cyclin D1 or HLA-B*0801 survivin epitopes. These cultures also showed an expansion of Th1 and Th17 cells and an increased Th17/Treg ratio. Moreover, DCs loaded with RA/IFNα-TCLs showed enhanced functional maturation and activation. NOD/SCID mice reconstituted with human peripheral blood lymphocytes and vaccinated with autologous RA/IFNα-TCL loaded-IFN-DCs showed lymphoma-specific T-cell responses and a significant decrease in tumor growth with respect to mice treated with IFN-DC unpulsed or loaded with untreated TCLs. This study demonstrates the feasibility and efficacy of the use of RA/IFNα to generate a highly immunogenic TCL as a suitable tumor antigen formulation for the development of effective anticancer DC-based vaccines.
Vertically integrated SOI circuits for low-power and high-performance applications (2002)

Vertical integration offers numerous advantages over conventional structures. By stacking multiple-material layers to form double gate transistors and by stacking multiple device layers to form multidevice-layer integration, vertical integration can emerge as the technology of choice for low-power and high-performance integration. In this paper, we demonstrate that the vertical integration can achieve better circuit performance and power dissipation due to improved device characteristics and reduced interconnect complexity and delay. The structures of vertically integrated double gate (DG) silicon-on-insulator (SOI) devices and circuits, and corresponding multidevice-layer (3-D) SOI circuits are presented; a general double-gate SOI model is provided for the study of symmetric and asymmetric SOI CMOS circuits; circuit speed, power dissipation of double-gate dynamic threshold (DGDT) SOI circuits are investigated and compared to single gate (SG) SOI circuits; potential 3-D SOI circuits are laid out. Chip area, layout complexity, process cost, and impact on circuit performance are studied. Results show that DGDT SOI CMOS circuits provide the best power-delay product, which makes them very attractive for low-voltage low-power applications. Multidevice-layer integration achieves performance improvement by shortening the interconnects. Results indicate that up to 40% of interconnect performance improvements can be expected for a 4-device-layer integration.
Color gradients in the spheroids of galaxies (1981)

Photoelectric surface photometry designed to measure colors at low-brightness levels is presented for the stellar spheroids in galaxies of various morphological types. Radial color gradients of varying sizes are found in all galaxies examined. From a comparison of these data with integrated colors for composite stellar systems, it is concluded that metallicity is the dominant factor controlling the broadband colors of the stellar spheroids. Interpreting the color gradients as a metallicity effect, we show that disk-dominated spiral galaxies display the same metal-rich bulge, metal-poor halo structure seen in the Milky Way. Luminous spheroids, whether in spiral, S0, or elliptical galaxies, have smaller metallicity gradients than those in disk-dominated systems. Further, the metallicity in these giant spheroids is at or above solar out to radii of at least 50 kpc. The relation of these observations to current galaxy-formation theories is briefly discussed.