gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Semi-supervised multi-domain regression with distinct training sets (2012)

We address the problems of multi-domain and single-domain regression based on distinct labeled training sets for each of the domains and a large unlabeled training set from all domains. We formulate these problems as ones of Bayesian estimation with partial knowledge of statistical relations. We propose a worst-case design strategy and study the resulting estimators. Our analysis explicitly accounts for the cardinality of the labeled sets and includes the special cases in which one of the labeled sets is very large or, in the other extreme, completely missing. We demonstrate our estimators in the context of audio-visual word recognition and provide comparisons to several recently proposed multi-modal learning algorithms.
Implementation of Olfactory Bulb Glomerular-Layer Computations in a Digital Neurosynaptic Core (2012)

We present a biomimetic system that captures essential functional properties of the glomerular layer of the mammalian olfactory bulb, specifically including its capacity to decorrelate similar odor representations without foreknowledge of the statistical distributions of analyte features. Our system is based on a digital neuromorphic chip consisting of 256 leaky-integrate-and-fire neurons, 1024 × 256 crossbar synapses, and address-event representation communication circuits. The neural circuits configured in the chip reflect established connections among mitral cells, periglomerular cells, external tufted cells, and superficial short-axon cells within the olfactory bulb, and accept input from convergent sets of sensors configured as olfactory sensory neurons. This configuration generates functional transformations comparable to those observed in the glomerular layer of the mammalian olfactory bulb. Our circuits, consuming only 45 pJ of active power per spike with a power supply of 0.85 V, can be used as the first stage of processing in low-power artificial chemical sensing devices inspired by natural olfactory systems.
Deep Representation Learning Characterized by Inter-class Separation for\n Image Clustering (2019)

Despite significant advances in clustering methods in recent years, the\noutcome of clustering of a natural image dataset is still unsatisfactory due to\ntwo important drawbacks. Firstly, clustering of images needs a good feature\nrepresentation of an image and secondly, we need a robust method which can\ndiscriminate these features for making them belonging to different clusters\nsuch that intra-class variance is less and inter-class variance is high. Often\nthese two aspects are dealt with independently and thus the features are not\nsufficient enough to partition the data meaningfully. In this paper, we propose\na method where we discover these features required for the separation of the\nimages using deep autoencoder. Our method learns the image representation\nfeatures automatically for the purpose of clustering and also select a coherent\nimage and an incoherent image simultaneously for a given image so that the\nfeature representation learning can learn better discriminative features for\ngrouping the similar images in a cluster and at the same time separating the\ndissimilar images across clusters. Experiment results show that our method\nproduces significantly better result than the state-of-the-art methods and we\nalso show that our method is more generalized across different dataset without\nusing any pre-trained model like other existing methods.\n
Development of Methods for Computer-Assisted Interpretation of Digital Mammograms for Early Breast Cancer Detection (1994)

Abstract : The goal of the research is to develop a computer-vision module as an aid to radiologists. Specifically, we have: (1) Further developed our computerized schemes for the detection and classification of masses and microcalcifications in digitized mammograms. Using new lesion features and genetic algorithms, we have improved mass detection by reducing the number of false positives per image from 2.6 to 1.5. Shift-invariant artificial neural networks have been used to reduce the number of false-positive detections in microcalcification detection. Computerized classification methods for both masses and clustered microcalcifications have demonstrated performance levels that were higher than that of 'average radiologists' in the task of classifying lesions as malignant or benign. We have also developed a dedicated intelligent workstation for screening mammography, which has been used in our clinical mammography reading area for over a year. We evaluated the dedicated 'clinical' workstation using the first 1149 mammographic screening cases. The computer found 6 of the 7 biopsy-confirmed cancers with false-positives rates of 0.9 per image for clustered microcalcifications and 1.4 per image for mass lesions. The significance of this research is that it the detectability of cancers can be increased by employing a computer to aid the radiologist's diagnosis, then the treatment of patients with cancer can be initiated earlier and thus chance of survival improved.
All-optical dynamic grating generation based on Brillouin scattering in polarization-maintaining fiber (2008)

We report a novel kind of all-optical dynamic grating based on Brillouin scattering in a polarization maintaining fiber (PMF). A moving acoustic grating is generated by stimulated Brillouin scattering between writing beams in one polarization and used to reflect an orthogonally polarized reading beam at different wavelengths. The center wavelength of the grating is controllable by detuning the writing beams, and the 3 dB bandwidth of approximately 80 MHz is observed with the tunable reflectance of up to 4% in a 30 m PMF.
Prolapse of the Uterus (2010)

Conservative management of POP using vaginal pessaries is a known and effective method in treating this problem; however, many patients are more inclined towards more permanent solutions to correct their symptoms, while maintaining body image and coital function. Numerous surgical operations have been described for the support of the vaginal apex at the time of hysterectomy or for the post hysterectomy vault prolapse, and are performed either abdominally or vaginally. In this chapter we will describe the different vaginal approaches for resupporting the vaginal apex.
Activation and lysis of human CD4 cells latently infected with HIV-1 (2015)

The treatment of AIDS with combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) remains lifelong largely because the virus persists in latent reservoirs. Elimination of latently infected cells could therefore reduce treatment duration and facilitate immune reconstitution. Here we report an approach to reduce the viral reservoir by activating dormant viral gene expression and directing T lymphocytes to lyse previously latent, HIV-1-infected cells. An immunomodulatory protein was created that combines the specificity of a HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibody with that of an antibody to the CD3 component of the T-cell receptor. CD3 engagement by the protein can stimulate T-cell activation that induces proviral gene expression in latently infected T cells. It further stimulates CD8 T-cell effector function and redirects T cells to lyse these previously latent-infected cells through recognition of newly expressed Env. This immunomodulatory protein could potentially help to eliminate latently infected cells and deplete the viral reservoir in HIV-1-infected individuals.
40-channel ultra-low-power compact PLC-based ROADM subsystem (2006)

We review the main ROADM subsystem technologies, and propose a 40-channel PLC-based ROADM subsystem that exhibits ultra-low power consumption and compact size, while meeting the requirements for high optical performance, high reliability, and low cost.
Obligation or getaway? A qualitative inquiry into medical professionalism under COVID-19 among medical students and new physicians in a Taiwan hospital (2022)

We therefore concluded that participants grew to accept their roles after acquiring the knowledge and skills needed to care for patients with COVID-19. Alternative teaching arrangements and their impact on trainees' clinical performance require further discussion.
Implementations And Applications Of The Sparse Radon Transform (2001)

Abstract The Radon transform (RT) is currently implemented in the time-offset, frequency-offset or frequency wave number domains, with linear, parabolic or hyperbolic basis functions.
Novel endotypes in heart failure: effects on guideline-directed medical therapy (2018)

Using unsupervised cluster analysis, solely based on biomarker profiles, six distinct endotypes were identified with remarkable differences in characteristics, clinical outcome, and response to uptitration of guideline directed medical therapy.
Cutting Edge: Negative Regulation of Dendritic Cells through Acetylation of the Nonhistone Protein STAT-3 (2009)

Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition modulates dendritic cell (DC) functions and regulates experimental graft-vs-host disease and other immune-mediated diseases. The mechanisms by which HDAC inhibition modulates immune responses remain largely unknown. STAT-3 is a transcription factor shown to negatively regulate DC functions. In this study we report that HDAC inhibition acetylates and activates STAT-3, which regulates DCs by promoting the transcription of IDO. These findings demonstrate a novel functional role for posttranslational modification of STAT-3 through acetylation and provide mechanistic insights into HDAC inhibition-mediated immunoregulation by induction of IDO.
Delivering bioactive molecules as instructive cues to engineered tissues (2012)

Drug delivery systems have allowed the sustained release of bioactive molecules to engineered tissues, with marked effects on tissue function. Sophisticated drug delivery techniques will allow precise recapitulation of developmental milestones by providing temporally distinct patterns of release of multiple bioactives. High-resolution patterning techniques will allow tissue constructs to be designed with precisely defined areas where bioactives can act. New biological discoveries, just as the development of small molecules with potent effects on cell differentiation, will likely have a marked impact on the field.
Supplementary Methods from Reducing TNF Receptor 2<sup>+</sup> Regulatory T Cells via the Combined Action of Azacitidine and the HDAC Inhibitor, Panobinostat for Clinical Benefit in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 98K, Methods for in vitro depletion assays and in vitro induction assays using TNF.&lt;/p&gt;
CXCR7 Protein Expression in Human Adult Brain and Differentiated Neurons (2011)

Overall, these results implicate CXCR4 as the main CXCL12 signaling receptor on the surface of differentiated neurons and suggest that CXCR7 may interact with CXCR4 at the intracellular level, possibly affecting CXCR4 trafficking and/or coupling to other proteins.
Photoluminescent Silicate Microsticks Containing Aligned Nanodomains of Conjugated Polymers by Sol-Gel-Based In Situ Polymerization (2001)

Sticklike silicate materials containing aligned nanodomains of conjugated polymers were synthesized by sol-gel-based in situ polymerization of ammonium ion terminated diacetylenic surfactant monomers. Upon photoexcitation at 450 nm, the silicate microsticks emit a yellowish green luminescence centered at 550 nm.
Design and Synthesis of 5‘-Deoxy-5‘-Phenyladenophostin A, a Highly Potent IP3 Receptor Ligand1 (2006)

[structure: see text] 5'-Deoxy-5'-phenyladenophostin A (5), designed as a useful IP(3) receptor ligand based on the previous structure-activity relationship studies, was successfully synthesized via two key stereoselective glycosidation steps. This compound proved to be a highly potent IP(3) receptor agonist.
Selinexor Overcomes Hypoxia-Induced Drug Resistance in Multiple Myeloma (2017)

Increased levels of the nuclear export protein, exportin 1 (XPO1), were demonstrated in multiple myeloma (MM) patients. Targeting XPO1 with selinexor (the selective inhibitor of nuclear export; SINE compound KPT-330) demonstrates broad antitumor activity also in patient cells resistant to bortezomib; hence, it is a promising target in MM patients. Hypoxia is known to mediate tumor progression and drug resistance (including bortezomib resistance) in MM cells. In this study, we tested the effects of selinexor alone or in combination with bortezomib in normoxia and hypoxia on MM cell survival and apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, selinexor alone decreased survival and increased apoptosis, resensitizing MM cells to bortezomib. In vivo, we examined the effects of selinexor alone on tumor initiation and tumor progression, as well as selinexor in combination with bortezomib, on tumor growth in a bortezomib-resistant MM xenograft mouse model. Selinexor, used as a single agent, delayed tumor initiation and tumor progression, prolonging mice survival. In bortezomib-resistant xenografts, selinexor overcame drug resistance, significantly decreasing tumor burden and extending mice survival when combined with bortezomib.
Formulation and statistical optimization of novel double-incorporated PLA-PLGA microparticles within an alginate-pectinate platform for the delivery of nicotine (2006)

The application of nicotine in the research phase of Alzheimer's disease (AD) treatment has shown promise. The present study was aimed at understanding the incorporation of nicotine into poly-lactic acid (PLA) and poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) microparticles which were then re-incorporated into a cross-linked zinc-alginate-pectinate polyspheric multi-particulate system to be employed as a possible brain implant for the treatment of AD. The Box-Behnken design was employed to prepare 15 PLA-PLGA formulations, which were tested for their drug incorporation efficiency and release potential and subsequently optimized using multiple regression and an artificial neural network generalized feed-forward model. Based on the rapid burst effect from the microparticles, further incorporation was conducted in a zinc-alginate-pectinate system using ionotropic gelation. Although double incorporation continued to provide a burst effect, this was followed by a lag period for 7 days and a second phase of drug release.
Encoding Co-occurrence of Features in the HMAX Model (2013)

We introduce a method for encoding co-occurrence of features in the HMAX model of visual recognition, and conduct a series of experiments to investigate the contribution of co-occurrence towards better recognition performance.We show that classification accuracy is increased by adding a higher-order layer to the HMAX processing hierarchy, whereby co-occurrence of features is encoded as a new dictionary of features.We show that concatenation of mean pooling, max pooling and co-occurrence information results in better classification results on three datasets (Caltech101, a subset of Caltech256, and TMSI Underwater Images).Overall, we show that incorporating co-occurrence statistics into a biologically-inspired model of visual recognition provides a boost in classification performance above that produced by incorporating occurrence statistics alone.
Figure S4 from MFF Regulation of Mitochondrial Cell Death Is a Therapeutic Target in Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Requirements of MFF regulation of tumor cell death&lt;/p&gt;
Supplementary Figure 2 from CUL4A Induces Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition and Promotes Cancer Metastasis by Regulating ZEB1 Expression (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 156K, Supplemental Figure 2. CUL4A regulates the transition between epithelial and mesenchymal phenotypes in human normal mammary and cancer cells.&lt;/p&gt;
<title>Natural color reproduction in the television system for telemedicime</title> (1997)

In the telemedicine application through visual communication systems, the reproduction of color is quite important. The purpose of this work is to develop a method for the reproduction of the natural color of the object in the TV system for telemedicine. When the illumination of observation environment is different form the object illumination, the change in color perception is caused by the color adaptation of human vision. In the method presented in this paper, the difference of illumination condition is corrected by using multispectral information captured by a multispectral camera. This paper shows the methods and the basic results for the reproduction of two types of color; the reproduction of color image as if the object is directly observed, and the reproduction of color appeared when the object is placed under the observation condition.
Water Oxidation Using a Cobalt Monolayer Prepared by Underpotential Deposition (2013)

Development of electrocatalysts for the conversion of water to dioxygen is important in a variety of chemical applications. Despite much research in this field, there are still several fundamental issues about the electrocatalysts that need to be resolved. Two such problems are that the catalyst mass loading on the electrode is subject to large uncertainties and the wetted surface area of the catalyst is often unknown and difficult to determine. To address these topics, a cobalt monolayer was prepared on a gold electrode by underpotential deposition and used to probe its efficiency for the oxidation of water. This electrocatalyst was characterized by atomic force microscopy, grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy at various potentials to determine if changes occur on the surface during catalysis. An enhancement of current was observed upon addition of PO4(3-) ions, suggesting an effect from surface-bound ligands on the efficiency of water oxidation. At 500 mV overpotential, current densities of 0.20, 0.74, and 2.4 mA/cm(2) for gold, cobalt, and cobalt in PO4(3-) were observed. This approach thus provided electrocatalysts whose surface areas and activity can be accurately determined.
Altered Substrate Specificity of Drug-Resistant Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Protease (2002)

Resistance to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease (HIV PR) inhibitors results primarily from the selection of multiple mutations in the protease region. Because many of these mutations are selected for the ability to decrease inhibitor binding in the active site, they also affect substrate binding and potentially substrate specificity. This work investigates the substrate specificity of a panel of clinically derived protease inhibitor-resistant HIV PR variants. To compare protease specificity, we have used positional-scanning, synthetic combinatorial peptide libraries as well as a select number of individual substrates. The subsite preferences of wild-type HIV PR determined by using the substrate libraries are consistent with prior reports, validating the use of these libraries to compare specificity among a panel of HIV PR variants. Five out of seven protease variants demonstrated subtle differences in specificity that may have significant impacts on their abilities to function in viral maturation. Of these, four variants demonstrated up to fourfold changes in the preference for valine relative to alanine at position P2 when tested on individual peptide substrates. This change correlated with a common mutation in the viral NC/p1 cleavage site. These mutations may represent a mechanism by which severely compromised, drug-resistant viral strains can increase fitness levels. Understanding the altered substrate specificity of drug-resistant HIV PR should be valuable in the design of future generations of protease inhibitors as well as in elucidating the molecular basis of regulation of proteolysis in HIV.
The Wilms Tumor Suppressor Protein (WT1) splice variants WT1(‐KTS) and WT1(+KTS) show distinct influences on different control levels of the Renin gene expression (2008)

Clinical studies indicate that Renin gene expression is controlled by the WT1 splice variants WT1(‐KTS) and WT1(+KTS). We investigated the underlying mechanisms through which they influence the Renin gene expression. Over expression of both WT1 variants in human kidney cells decrease the Renin protein level. Reporter gene studies demonstrate that the WT1 splice variants modulate the Renin promoter activity either directly (+KTS form) or through interactions within a regulatory region [hRENc] (both variants). WT1(+KTS) has an activating influence mediated by the Renin promoter. The WT1(+KTS) variant is able to interact with the Renin mRNA‐UTRs in contrast to the WT1(‐KTS) form. We show that the Renin mRNA undergoes a translocation into a translational inactive compartment after over expression of the WT1(+KTS) variant. The posttranscriptional influence of WT1(+KTS) may be responsible for a translational arrest of Renin synthesis, which explain the decrease of the Renin protein following WT1(+KTS) over expression. Both variants of the Wilms Tumor Suppressor Protein inhibit the Renin synthesis through distinct and different mechanisms and thus may participate in a hyperreninism in patients suffering from Wilms Tumor. Research support: Pontus B. Persson, Institut für Vegetative Physiologie, Charité‐Universitäts medizin Berlin, Tucholskystr. 2, 10117 Berlin, Germany
Analysis on the Attribute Binding based Enhanced User Authentication (2013)

In this paper, we proposed the attribute binding based enhanced user authentication. User authentication is a simple process that is used to determine if an identity is real. Age restricted commerce such as lottery, online gaming, wine & spirits, tobacco, social networking, wireless and others are not invulnerable to the risks associated with identity theft and fraud. And, as this dynamic industry continues to grow, only assessing if a customer is of age will no longer be sufficient. Determining a minimum age needs to be combined with gaining a deeper insight into the validity of an identity along with fraud patters to help protect customer privacy, meet compliance and prevent fraud. The suggested model in this paper can be used to protect the child effectively in the internet environments.
Line width control in electron-beam lithography (1978)

A method for predicting line widths in electron beam lithography is described. Computer predictions of line dimension as a function of dose, and profile as a function of proximity to another line are compared with experimental results on 0.35μm thick PMMA at a beam energy of 15 keV.
Protein Corona Mediated Stealth Properties of Biocompatible Carbohydrate‐based Nanocarriers (2018)

Abstract Carbohydrates possess ideal properties for the synthesis of biocompatible nanocarriers. Therefore, hydroxyethyl starch was chosen as building material to produce biodegradable nanocarriers allowing the encapsulation of drugs. A mandatory feature for the successful application of nanocarriers in drug delivery is to avoid non‐specific uptake into macrophages. Todays’ gold standard is poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) attached onto the surface of nanocarriers. As alternatives, we synthesize completely carbohydrate‐based nanocarriers by functionalizing the surface with different sugar derivatives (hydroxyethyl starch, dextran, or glucose) via copper‐free click reaction. Studying the interaction of sugar‐modified nanocarriers and plasma proteins indicates a strong enrichment of adsorbed ‘stealth’ proteins (clusterin) which are also identified on PEGylated nanocarriers. Cellular uptake studies proved that there is no unspecific interaction between carbohydrate‐ modified nanocarriers and phagocytic cells, herby underlining the stealth properties.