gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultrathin RF-Sputtered Lipon Layers for Conformal Lithium Deposition (2020)

The transformation from liquid-based Li-ion batteries to solid-state Li-metal batteries is a necessary step to achieve beyond energy densities of 1000 Wh/L. However, the commercial widespread application of the solid-state Li-metal batteries has been hindered by several electrolyte constraints, among which narrow electrochemical window and low compatibility against metallic lithium as negative electrode. Among the various solid-state electrolytes, nitrogen doped lithium phosphate glass or LiPON is a well-known material with an excellent electrochemical stability above 5 V and a good compatibility against metallic lithium [1]. However, owing to its low ionic conductivity (~10 -6 S/cm), application of LiPON is limited for thin-film batteries in medical implants and various sensor systems. For thin-film batteries, because the path length for Li + ion diffusion is in the order of few 100 nm or less, low conductivity of LiPON is enough for application. LiPON has also been evaluated as solid-electrolyte coatings on electrode particles as buffer layer between active material and the bulk electrolyte. In a thin-film stack, it is an ideal model system for electrochemical study. Previously, we investigated detailed electrochemistry of RF-sputtered LiPON thin films with different thickness [2]. We demonstrated formation of an electronically insulating LiPON films down to 15 nm with a maximum conductivity of 1×10 -6 S/cm. We have also formulated a breakdown mechanism for LiPON layer based on experimental measurements and thermodynamic considerations. In the present work, we investigated LiPON thin-films as artificial solid-electrolyte interphase for lithium plating and stripping on copper current collectors. The stability of 100 nm down to 10 nm LiPON thin-films was evaluated by electrochemical galvanostatic cycling test of Li plating/stripping with carbonate-based electrolyte. The LiPON thin-film with 100 nm showed reversible plating/stripping of Li with an overpotential of only ~40 mV for current density of 0.1 mA/cm 2 for over 100 cycles, indicating formation of a uniform Li layer in-between substrate and LiPON without breaking of LiPON layer during the cycles. Furthermore, even with the thickness of only 10 nm, LiPON thin-film demonstrated significant improvement of coulombic efficiency of Li plating/stripping compared to without LiPON layer. In the presentation, thickness-dependence of LiPON on growth behavior of Li will be further discussed. Reference [1] X. Yu, J. B. Bates, G. E. Jellison, Jr., and F. X. Hart, J. Electrochem. Soc., 144 (1997) 524-532. [2] B. Put; P.M. Vereecken; J. Meersschaut; A. Sepúlveda; A. Stesmans, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces., 8 (2016) 7060-7069.
Towards Unsupervised Fine-Tuning for Edge Video Analytics. (2021)

Judging by popular and generic computer vision challenges, such as the ImageNet or PASCAL VOC, neural networks have proven to be exceptionally accurate in recognition tasks. However, state-of-the-art accuracy often comes at a high computational price, requiring equally state-of-the-art and high-end hardware acceleration to achieve anything near real-time performance. At the same time, use cases such as smart cities or autonomous vehicles require an automated analysis of images from fixed cameras in real-time. Due to the huge and constant amount of network bandwidth these streams would generate, we cannot rely on offloading compute to the omnipresent and omnipotent cloud. Therefore, a distributed Edge Cloud must be in charge to process images locally. However, the Edge Cloud is, by nature, resource-constrained, which puts a limit on the computational complexity of the models executed in the edge. Nonetheless, there is a need for a meeting point between the Edge Cloud and accurate real-time video analytics. In this paper, we propose a method for improving accuracy of edge models without any extra compute cost by means of automatic model specialization. First, we show how the sole assumption of static cameras allows us to make a series of considerations that greatly simplify the scope of the problem. Then, we present Edge AutoTuner, a framework that implements and brings these considerations together to automate the end-to-end fine-tuning of models. Finally, we show that complex neural networks - able to generalize better - can be effectively used as teachers to annotate datasets for the fine-tuning of lightweight neural networks and tailor them to the specific edge context, which boosts accuracy at constant computational cost, and do so without any human interaction. Results show that our method can automatically improve accuracy of pre-trained models by an average of 21%.
Superconducting glass-ceramic rods in BiCaSrCu2Ox prepared by crystallization under a temperature gradient (1988)

Superconducting BiCaSrCu2Ox glass rods and coils were successfully prepared by pumping up the melt at 1150 °C into SiO2 or Pyrex glass tubes. After the outer glass tubes were removed, the resultant glass rods up to 30 cm long were crystallized under a temperature gradient of 30 °C/mm without deforming and cracking. The Tc (onset) and Tc (zero) of the resulting glass-ceramic rods were ∼80 and 62 K, respectively.
Uniformity in dynamic baroreflex regulation of left and right cardiac sympathetic nerve activities (2003)

Functional laterality of cardiac sympathetic nerve stimulation in chronotropic and inotropic effects is well known. Whether left (LSNA) and right (RSNA) cardiac sympathetic nerve activities show laterality during dynamic baroreflex activation remains to be determined. In nine anesthetized, vagotomized, and aortic-denervated rabbits, we randomly perturbed intracarotid sinus pressure (CSP) in both carotid sinus regions while simultaneously recording LSNA and RSNA. The baroreflex neural arc transfer function from CSP to LSNA and from CSP to RSNA revealed derivative characteristics, i.e., the magnitude of LSNA and RSNA responses became greater as the input frequency of CSP perturbation increased. The average slope of increasing gain in the frequencies between 0.03 and 0.3 Hz showed no difference between LSNA and RSNA responses (9.7 +/- 2.9 vs. 9.7 +/- 3.1 dB/decade, means +/- SD). The amplitude ratio and phase difference between LSNA and RSNA approximated unity and zero radians, respectively, in the frequencies from 0.01 to 1 Hz. In addition, the LSNA-RSNA relationship during stepwise CSP perturbation from 40 to 160 mmHg showed a straight line (r(2) ranged from 0.969 to 0.999). These findings indicate no laterality in the dynamic as well as static baroreflex regulation of LSNA and RSNA as far as grouped axonal activity is concerned.
Mediation Effect of Platelet Traits on Associations of Central Obesity with Aging Biomarkers in Rural Adults of Henan, China (2022)

Increased central obesity indices in relation to shortened relative TL or decreased mtDNA-CN were mediated by platelet traits, indicating that obesity in association with the accelerated aging process may be partially attributable to abnormal platelet activity.
An accurate on-wafer deembedding technique with application to HBT devices characterization (2002)

An accurate deembedding technique for on-wafer measurements of an active device's S-parameter is presented in this paper. This deembedding technique accounts in a systematic way for effect of all parasitic elements surrounding the device. These parasitic elements are modeled as a four-port network. Closed-form equations are derived for deembedding purposes of this four-port network. The proposed deembedding technique was used to extract small-signal model parameters of a 2/spl times/25 /spl mu/m emitter GaInP/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistor device, and excellent agreement between measured and model-simulated S-parameter was obtained up to 30 GHz.
SENSITIVE AND INSTANTANEOUS MOLECULAR DETECTION FROM BROADBAND CAVITY-ENHANCED DUAL COMB SPECTROSCOPY (2010)

Author Institution: Max Planck Institut fur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany; Institut des Sciences Moleculaires d'Orsay, CNRS, Universite} Paris Sud, Bat 350, 91405 Orsay, France; Max Planck Institut fur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany; The Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581 Japan; Max Planck Institut fur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany; Ludwig Maximilians-Universitat Munchen, Fakultat fur Physik, Schellingstrasse 4/III, 80799 Munchen, Germany; Max Planck Institut fur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany; Institut des Sciences Moleculaires d'Orsay, CNRS, Universite Paris Sud, Bat 350, 91405 Orsay, France; Ludwig Maximilians-Universitat Munchen, Fakultat fur Physik, Schellingstrasse 4/III, 80799 Munchen, Germany
Kinetic parameter reconstruction for motion compensation in transmission tomography (2011)

Model based iterative reconstruction (MBIR) algorithms have recently been applied to computed tomography and demonstrated superior image quality. This algorithmic framework also provides us the flexibility to incorporate more sophisticated models of the data acquisition process. In this paper, we present the kinetic parameter iterative reconstruction (KPIR) algorithm which estimates voxel values as a function of time in the MBIR framework. We introduce a parametric kinetic model for each voxel, and estimate the kinetic parameters directly from the data. Results on phantom study and clinical data show that the proposed method can significantly reduce motion artifacts in the reconstruction.
ChemInform Abstract: Inside‐Outside Stereoisomerism. Part 8. Transannular Radical Reactions in Bicycloalkanes with ′Inside‐Outside′ Stereochemistry. An Unusual Bridgehead Hydroxylation. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Secondary lithium batteries showing high charge-discharge capacity and decrease charging time (2004)

Patent number: 2002-372351-2004206945 Reference LPI-PATENT-2004-001Search for this record at the European Patent Office Record created on 2006-02-21, modified on 2017-05-12
Local Heat Transfer in Turbine Disk-Cavities: Part II — Rotor Cooling With Radial Location Injection of Coolant (1990)

Detailed radial distributions of rotor heat transfer coefficients are presented for three basic disk-cavity geometries applicable to gas turbines. The experimental apparatus has been designed to obtain local heat transfer data on a number of easily interchangeable rotor surfaces. The method employs thin thermochromic liquid crystal coatings upon the rotor surfaces together with video system data acquisition and computer-assisted image analysis to detect surface color display and to extract heat transfer information. A thermally transient, aerodynamically steady technique is used which attains consistent thermal boundary conditions over the entire disk-cavity. Cooling air is introduced into the disk-cavity via a single circular jet mounted perpendicularly into the stator at one of three radial locations; 0.4, 0.6 or 0.8 times the rotor radius. Rotor heat transfer coefficients have been obtained over a range of parameters including disk rotational Reynolds numbers of 2 to 5 · 105, rotor/stator hub spacing-to-disk radius ratios of .025 to .15, and jet mass flow rates between .10 and .40 times the turbulent pumped flow rate of a free disk. The rotor surfaces include a parallel rotor-stator system, a rotor with 5 percent diverging taper, and a similarly tapered rotor with a rim sealing lip at its extreme radius. Results are presented showing the effects of the parallel rotor, which indicate strong variations in local Nusselt numbers for all but rotational speed. These results are compared to associated hub injection data of Part I of this study, demonstrating that overall rotor heat transfer is optimized by either hub injection or radial location injection of coolant dependent upon the configuration. Results with the use of the tapered rotor show significant local Nusselt number radial variation changes over those of the parallel rotor, while the addition of a rim sealing lip appears to increase the level of the radial distribution.
Tuning the interaction between propagating and localized surface plasmons for surface enhanced Raman scattering in water for biomedical and environmental applications (2014)

With a view to biomedical and environmental applications, we investigate the plasmonic properties of a rectangular gold nanodisk array in water to boost surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effects. To control the resonance wavelengths of the surface plasmon polariton and the localized surface plasmon, their dependence on the array period and diameter in water is studied in detail using a finite difference time domain method. A good agreement is obtained between calculated resonant wavelengths and those of gold nanodisk arrays fabricated using electron beam lithography. For the optimized structure, a SERS enhancement factor of 7.8 × 107 is achieved in water experimentally.
Modeling of crack formation after pulse heat load in ITER-grade tungsten (2016)

The one-dimensional numerical simulations of the deformation during and after the pulsed heat load are carried out for tungsten manufactured according to ITER specifications. The calculations for stress-relieved tungsten demonstrated the cracking at temperatures above ductile-to-brittle transition temperature. The features of the stresses caused by thermal expansion are discussed.
Synthesis and Properties of Graded Porous Ti-TiO<sub>2</sub> Multifunctional Composites Obtained by Different Processing Methods (2009)

Functionally graded materials for load bearing implants have a long history of academic development and an already high degree of maturity. Efforts are now undertaken to improve the biocompatibility and even induce bioactivity within the implant-bone interface by optimised surface nanostructure of porous ceramic and metalic layers grown or sintered on a metallic implant, in order to arrive at cementless implants capable of fast osteointegration and high interface strength. Several new methods for surface structure and composition modification are presented for Ti-alloy based implants: a nano-structuring of the surface by re-deposition of TiO2 using an ECR-Microwave Plasma treatment combined with ion bombardment on a sintered TiO2 ceramic surface, a multiscale modification of porous Ti-coatings by means of Micro-Arc-Oxidation, MAO, and a meso-structuring of the surface by means of a laser treatment. The goal is to establish a multi-functionality in such materials by formation of a morphological and compositional gradient spanning many dimensions. The applicability of these methods to real implants is discussed for a dental implant.
High-spatial-resolution scanning capacitance microscope using all-metal probe with quartz tuning fork (2004)

The scanning capacitance microscope (SCM) reported here uses a frequency modulation (FM) technique to control the distance between the sample and an all-metal probe. The probe was attached to a quartz tuning fork in a configuration minimizing the perturbation due to the probe. The FM-SCM yields two images of ∂C∕∂V and ∂C∕∂Z signals, where C is capacitance sensed by the probe, Z the probe–sample distance, and V a bias voltage, respectively. On a cross section of a field effect transistor, the two-dimensional p–n junction locus was observed with a spatial resolution better than 5nm in the ∂C∕∂V image. The ∂C∕∂Z images of polysilicon gate electrodes and highly doped source/drain regions have higher contrast than the ∂C∕∂V images.
Impact of MET expression on outcome in BRAFV600E/K advanced melanoma (2013)

MET is expressed in a proportion of BRAF(V600E/K) advanced melanomas. Further analyses on appropriately powered subsets are needed to determine the prognostic and predictive significance of MET in vemurafenib-treated melanoma.
Lyme Borreliosis-associated Risk Factors in Residents of Beijing Suburbs: a Preliminary Case-control Study. (2014)

A population-based case-control study was conducted to evaluate the relative factors in the environments, agricultural works, outdoor activities, and the effectiveness of Lyme borreliosis (LB)- associated personal protective measures in Beijing. Thirty-four cases and 272 controls were personally interviewed by well-trained interviewers. Venous blood samples were taken from each subject. Sowing or harvesting in summer (OR=2.571, 95% CI: 1.109-5.962), living in house with weeding in the yard (OR=2.247, 95% CI: 1.062-4.755), and residence at the plain area (OR=2.630, 95% CI: 1.050-6.588) were the independent relative factors for seropositive LB. Wearing long pants and clothes with cuffs was the only protective behavior against tick bite (OR=0.186, 95% CI: 0.041-0.846). The findings showed that local farmers were easily infected with LB and almost no protective measure was taken against LB infection. Infection with LB was easier in residents of plain regions. Pets raising and outdoor activities were not the risk factors for infection with LB. Further studies are needed to fully understand the risk of infection with LB in China.
First x-ray test of the Icarus nanosecond-gated camera (2019)

The Icarus camera system, combining a sensor developed by Sandia and readout electronics by LLNL, provides 0.5 Hz bursts of four frames with 3 ns separation. The sensor has 1024&times;512 25 &mu;m pixels and is 25 &mu;m thick. The system was developed for single line-of-sight measurements at the ns time scale for electrons and X-rays at facilities such as NIF. We report on initial tests of the Icarus system with hard X-rays pulse pairs with nanosecond time spacings at the LCLS, a newly available beam mode. We describe noise, gate profiles, gain, cross-talk, persistence, linearity, and quantum efficiency for the first version of the sensor. We present evidence of the suitability of the system for science measurements at a free electron laser with an X-ray pump X-ray probe experiment. We expect further developments of the technology to allow use of 350 ps bunch separation from the LCLS accelerator and, with a pulsed delay tube like DIXIE, to eventually reach sub-25 ps time-resolved X-ray imaging of processes such as plasma evolution.
Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identifies common variants in CTNNA2 associated with Excitement-Seeking (2011)

The tendency to seek stimulating activities and intense sensations define excitement-seeking, a personality trait akin to some aspects of sensation-seeking. This trait is a central feature of extraversion and is a component of the multifaceted impulsivity construct. Those who score high on measures of excitement-seeking are more likely to smoke, use other drugs, gamble, drive recklessly, have unsafe/unprotected sex and engage in other risky behaviors of clinical and social relevance. To identify common genetic variants associated with the Excitement-Seeking scale of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory, we performed genome-wide association studies in six samples of European ancestry (N = 7860), and combined the results in a meta-analysis. We identified a genome-wide significant association between the Excitement-Seeking scale and rs7600563 (P = 2 x 10(-8)). This single-nucleotide polymorphism maps within the catenin cadherin-associated protein, alpha 2 (CTNNA2) gene, which encodes for a brain-expressed a-catenin critical for synaptic contact. The effect of rs7600563 was in the same direction in all six samples, but did not replicate in additional samples (N = 5105). The results provide insight into the genetics of excitement-seeking and risk-taking, and are relevant to hyperactivity, substance use, antisocial and bipolar disorders. Translational Psychiatry (2011) 1, e49; doi:10.1038/tp.2011.42; published online 18 October 2011
Asymmetric adaptivity induces recurrent synchronization in complex networks (2023)

Rhythmic activities that alternate between coherent and incoherent phases are ubiquitous in chemical, ecological, climate, or neural systems. Despite their importance, general mechanisms for their emergence are little understood. In order to fill this gap, we present a framework for describing the emergence of recurrent synchronization in complex networks with adaptive interactions. This phenomenon is manifested at the macroscopic level by temporal episodes of coherent and incoherent dynamics that alternate recurrently. At the same time, the dynamics of the individual nodes do not change qualitatively. We identify asymmetric adaptation rules and temporal separation between the adaptation and the dynamics of individual nodes as key features for the emergence of recurrent synchronization. Our results suggest that asymmetric adaptation might be a fundamental ingredient for recurrent synchronization phenomena as seen in pattern generators, e.g., in neuronal systems.
Indium Phosphide Based Optical Waveguide MEMS for Communications and Sensing (2005)

Indium phosphide (InP) is extensively used for integrated waveguide and photonic devices due to its suitability as a substrate for direct bandgap materials (e.g. In1-XGaXAsYP1-Y) operating at the lambda=1550 nm communications wavelength. However, little work has been reported on InP optical waveguide micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS). In this work, InP cantilever and doubly-clamped beams were micromachined on an In0.53Ga0.47As "sacrificial layer" on (100) InP substrates. Young's modulus was measured using nanoindentation and microbeam-bending. Intrinsic stress and material uniformity (stress gradient) were obtained by measuring the profile of doubly-clamped and cantilever beams using confocal microscopy. The study resulted in a Young's modulus of 80.4-106.5 GPa (crystal orientation-dependent). Although InP was grown lattice-matched to the substrate, arsenic from the underlying In0.53Ga0.47As sacrificial layer resulted in intrinsic compressive stress. Adding trace amounts of gallium to the InP layer during epitaxial growth induced tensile stress to offset the effect of arsenic. The materials characterization was extended to develop optical waveguide switches and sensors. In the first device, two parallel waveguides were actuated to vary the spacing between them. By modulating the gap using electrostatic pull-in actuation, the optical coupling strength was controlled via the evanescent field. Low voltage switching (&lt;10 V), high speed (4 us), low crosstalk (-47 dB), and low-loss (&lt;10 %) were achieved. Variable coupling over a 17.4 dB dynamic range was also demonstrated. The second device utilized a single movable input waveguide, which was actuated via electrostatic comb-drives to end-couple with one of several output waveguides. Low voltage switching (&lt;7 V), 140 us switching speed (2 ms settling time), low crosstalk (-26 dB), and low-loss (&lt;3.2 dB) were demonstrated. Sensing techniques based on mass-loading were developed using end-coupled cantilever waveguides. Here, the mechanical resonance frequency was measured by actuating the cantilever and measuring the end-coupled optical power at the output waveguide. A proof-of-concept experiment utilized a focused-ion-beam to mill the cantilever tip and resulted in a measurable resonance shift with mass-sensitivity delta_m/delta_f=5.1 fg/Hz. The cantilever waveguide devices and measurement techniques enable accurate resonance detection in mass-based cantilever sensors and also enable single-chip sensors with on-chip optical detection to be realized.