gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Length dependence of cutoff wavelength of trench-assisted multi-core fiber (2011)

Fiber-length dependence of cutoff-wavelength of trench-assisted multi-core fiber is investigated. It is clarified theoretically and experimentally that the different cutoff-wavelength behavior between cores is associated with confinement losses of higher-order modes.
Cytokine regulation of colony-stimulating factor (CSF) production in cultured human synovial fibroblasts. II. Similarities and differences in the control of interleukin-1 induction of granulocyte-macrophage CSF and granulocyte-CSF production (1992)

Synovial fibroblasts are likely to be a significant source of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and granulocyte-CSF (G-CSF), which could be crucial to the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Using specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and Northern analysis, GM-CSF and G-CSF expression were followed in human synovial fibroblast-like cells in response to a number of agents, either alone or in the presence of an optimal stimulatory concentration of interleukin-1 (IL-1). For both CSFs, interferon-gamma (100 U/mL) did not increase their levels but dramatically suppressed the stimulatory action of IL-1, while basic fibroblast growth factor (10(-8) mol/L), although nonstimulatory by itself, potentiated IL-1 action. The glucocorticoid, dexamethasone (10(-7) mol/L), inhibited IL-1-stimulated CSF production. However, evidence was obtained for noncoordinated CSF regulation. Cyclooxygenase inhibitors potentiated the action of IL-1 on GM-CSF synthesis but suppressed G-CSF synthesis, suggesting that endogenous cyclooxygenase products can have opposite effects in modulating the levels of each CSF. Also, the lymphokine, IL-4 (250 pmol/L), slightly inhibited GM-CSF formation in the presence of IL-1 but elevated the G-CSF levels in these cultures without having an effect by itself. Transforming growth factor beta (less than or equal to 20 ng/mL) did not modulate levels of either CSF. Mesenchymal cell production of both GM-CSF and G-CSF is generally viewed as being under coordinate control; our findings suggest that their synthesis in IL-1-stimulated human synoviocytes can be modulated by a number of agents, in some cases with divergent actions depending on which CSF is examined.
An Opamp-Less PVT Compensation Structure for Ramp Generator Circuit (2020)

Accurate ramp signal, with low power dissipation, is highly demanded, for applications like counter ADC. This paper presents a novel low power ramp generator circuit with a negative feedback loop for compensation of the variations in process, voltage, and temperature (PVT). While using an opamp for PVT compensation has been essential in the previous ramp generator structures, the proposed ramp generator is opamp-less. Derived equations of the proposed ramp generator circuit show that PVT compensation structure works effectively. In addition, the circuit design and simulations were done in TSMC 0.18[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m CMOS technology. Corner analysis shows that integral non-linearity (INL) of the ramp signal is about 3.7[Formula: see text]mV, for a wide temperature range, while the power dissipation of the circuit is about 1.16[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]W.
A Weinreb Nitrile Oxide and Nitrone for Cycloaddition (2004)

[reaction: see text] The cycloaddition of Weinreb amide functionalized nitrile oxide/nitrones with a range of dipolarophiles has been explored.
Integrated multi-functional probe for active measurements in a single neural cell (2005)

In this paper, we propose a multi-functional probe for recording biological activities in a living single neural cell. An active and simultaneous measurement method using a glass micro injector as a multi-functional probe was examined. A measurement region was estimated to be submicron order by using FDTD simulation. A prototype device was applied to a single neural cell in a buccal ganglion of Aplysia. Since active potentials and calcium concentration reactions induced by electric stimuli were recorded simultaneously, validity of our measurement method was confirmed.
Machine Tongues XIV: CSP -- Communicating Sequential Processes (1992)

The possibility of performing parallel computations has long held out the promise of breaking the speed limits imposed by sequential monoprocessors. However, even though some significant inroads have been made into this extremely complex area, we are still very much struggling to understand how to design, build, and program multiprocessor machines effectively. All areas of computing are or will be affected by this ongoing development, and computer music is certainly no exception. We need all the computing speed we can get, especially because real-time performance is of such importance in our field. In order to utilize parallelism effectively we must have tools-languages and models that allow us to understand and formulate concurrent algorithms. A number of schemes have been put forward, but one of the most successful proposals to date is the model developed by computer science superstar C. A. R. Hoare in 1978: Communicating Sequential Processes, or CSP as it is commonly known (Hoare 1978). In this seminal paper Hoare describes a parallel computational model and its associated notation, which has been almost universally adopted by computer scientists. This success is due to several factors: the economy of the model, its efficient notation, and the elegant way the simple primitives combine to provide a very powerful and general computational paradigm. Hoare did not set out to define a complete programming language, but rather to propose and illustrate some new language primitives. Since then, CSP has taken a course more in the direction of a mathematical theory and notation to specify the behavior of concurrent, abstract processes, rather than developing as a programming language per se. Several real programming languages based on CSP have been implemented, the chief one being OCCAM2 (INMOS 1988; Wexler 1989), which is the language used to program the INMOS Transputer processors.
Targeting Carcinoembryonic Antigen with DNA Vaccination: On-Target Adverse Events Link with Immunologic and Clinical Outcomes (2016)

Our data suggest that DNA vaccination is able to overcome peripheral tolerance in normal and tumor tissue and warrants testing in combination studies, for example, by vaccinating in parallel to treatment with an anti-PD1 antibody. Clin Cancer Res; 22(19); 4827-36. ©2016 AACR.
Antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of selected Greek Labiatae plant species. Methanolic extract of Phlomis lanata as a source of natural antioxidant compounds (2008)

The family of Lamiaceae consists of approximately 200 genera of cosmopolitan distribution. During a screening program for the discovery of antioxidant bioactive compounds from plant of the Greek flora [1, 2], several extracts of plants belonging to this family showed significant activity. In our efforts to discover possible new sources of natural antioxidants, a number of extracts obtained from several Lamiacae species (e.g. Mentha sp., Marubium sp., Nepeta sp., Satureja sp., Phlomis sp.) were prepared by ASE (Accelerated Solvent Extraction) technique. The free radical scavenging activity (DPPH) and the total phenolics content (Folin-Ciocalteu method) of all these extracts were evaluated. The methanolic extract of Phlomis lanata showed remarkable capacity to inhibit the DPPH radical (98.5% at 200µg/ml, IC50=62µg/ml) and high phenolic content (179.1mg GAE/g of extract) and it was further studied. Phlomis is a genus of the family Lamiaceae consisting of ca. 100 species (12 found in Europe) of herbs and shrubs. Different classes of glycosides comprising of terpenoids, iridoids, phenylpropanoids and flavonoids have been identified from this genus. It is well known that phenylpropanoids and flavonoids possess significant biological activities (e.g. cytotoxic, cytostatic, antiinflammatory), which are associated to their antioxidant capacity. In the purpose to identify the major components of the methanolic extract of Phlomis lanata, several chromatographic (e.g. CC, HPLC, FCPC) and spectroscopic (NMR) techniques were used. The results of phytochemical analysis showed that the above mentioned extract contains iridoids (lamiide and auroside), flavonoids (chrysoeriol 7-O-(3''-(E)-p-coumaroyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside) and phenylpropanoid glycosides (acteoside, forsythoside B, leucosceptoside B).
Coronary artery disease is associated with Alzheimer disease neuropathology in APOE4 carriers (2006)

The degree of coronary artery disease is independently associated with the cardinal neuropathological lesions of Alzheimer disease. These associations are primarily attributable to individuals with the ApoE4 allele.
Semidefinite programming for detection in linear systems - optimality conditions and space-time decoding (2004)

Optimal maximum likelihood detection of finite alphabet symbols in general requires time consuming exhaustive search methods. The computational complexity of such techniques is exponential in the size of the problem and for large problems sub-optimal algorithms are required. To find a solution in polynomial time, a semidefinite programming approach is taken to estimate binary symbols in a general linear system. A condition under which the proposed method provides optimal solutions is derived. As an application, the proposed algorithm is used as a decoder for a linear space-time block coding system and the results are illustrated with numerical examples.
Gravitational properties of antimatter (1985)

It is argued that a determination of the gravitational acceleration of antimatter towards the earth is capable of imposing powerful constraints on modern quantum gravity theories. Theoretical reasons to expect non-Newtonian non-Einsteinian effects of gravitational strength and experimental suggestions of such effects are reviewed. 41 refs. (LEW)
Effect of Disorder on Photonic Band-Gap Fibers (2002)

We present the first study of structural disorder in air/silica photonic band-gap fibers (PBGFs). For a typical PBGF structure we find band-gap closure when the disorder in the air-hole radii and positions is plusmn4%
Derivatized versions of ligase enzymes for constructing DNA sequences (2023)

A method of making very long, double-stranded synthetic poly-nucleotides. A multiplicity of short oligonucleotides is provided. The short oligonucleotides are sequentially hybridized to each other. Enzymatic ligation of the oligonucleotides provides a contiguous piece of PCR-ready DNA of predetermined sequence.
ChemInform Abstract: Bichromophoric Paracyclophanes: Models for Interchromophore Delocalization (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
New ultraviolet, tunable, solid-state laser medium: Ce3+:LiSr0.8Ca0.2AlF6 for potential applications to high-power laser amplifiers (2001)

New UV tunable amplification medium crystal Ce3+:LiSr0.8Ca0.2AlF6 grown as a broad gain spectrum over 15-nm is observed by newly invented two-crystal pump and probe scheme. The preliminary laser operation of the Ce:LiSCAF crystal is also confirmed.
Characterization of kinesthetic motor imagery compared with visual motor imageries (2021)

Motor imagery (MI) is the only way for disabled subjects to robustly use a robot arm with a brain-machine interface. There are two main types of MI. Kinesthetic motor imagery (KMI) is proprioceptive (OR somato-) sensory imagination and Visual motor imagery (VMI) represents a visualization of the corresponding movement incorporating the visual network. Because these imagery tactics may use different networks, we hypothesized that the connectivity measures could characterize the two imageries better than the local activity. Electroencephalography data were recorded. Subjects performed different conditions, including motor execution (ME), KMI, VMI, and visual observation (VO). We tried to classify the KMI and VMI by conventional power analysis and by the connectivity measures. The mean accuracies of the classification of the KMI and VMI were 98.5% and 99.29% by connectivity measures (alpha and beta, respectively), which were higher than those by the normalized power (p < 0.01, Wilcoxon paired rank test). Additionally, the connectivity patterns were correlated between the ME-KMI and between the VO-VMI. The degree centrality (DC) was significantly higher in the left-S1 at the alpha-band in the KMI than in the VMI. The MI could be well classified because the KMI recruits a similar network to the ME. These findings could contribute to MI training methods.
The SNAC-A Transcription Factor ANAC032 Reprograms Metabolism in Arabidopsis (2019)

Studies have indicated that the carbon starvation response leads to the reprogramming of the transcriptome and metabolome, and many genes, including several important regulators, such as the group S1 basic leucine zipper transcription factors (TFs) bZIP1, bZIP11 and bZIP53, the SNAC-A TF ATAF1, etc., are involved in these physiological processes. Here, we show that the SNAC-A TF ANAC032 also plays important roles in this process. The overexpression of ANAC032 inhibits photosynthesis and induces reactive oxygen species accumulation in chloroplasts, thereby reducing sugar accumulation and resulting in carbon starvation. ANAC032 reprograms carbon and nitrogen metabolism by increasing sugar and amino acid catabolism in plants. The ChIP-qPCR and transient dual-luciferase reporter assays indicated that ANAC032 regulates trehalose metabolism via the direct regulation of TRE1 expression. Taken together, these results show that ANAC032 is an important regulator of the carbon/energy status that represses photosynthesis to induce carbon starvation.
Using Helmholtz Machines to Analyze Multi-channel Neuronal Recordings (1997)

One of the current challenges to understanding neural information processing in biological systems is to decipher the &amp;quot;code&amp;quot; carried by large populations of neurons acting in parallel. We present an algorithm for automated discovery of stochastic firing patterns in large ensembles of neurons. The algorithm, from the &amp;quot;Helmholtz Machine&amp;quot; family, attempts to predict the observed spike patterns in the data. The model consists of an observable layer which is directly activated by the input spike patterns, and hidden units that are activated through ascending connections from the input layer. The hidden unit activity can be propagated down to the observable layer to create a prediction of the data pattern that produced it. Hidden units are added incrementally and their weights are adjusted to improve the fit between the predictions and data, that is, to increase a bound on the probability of the data given the model. This greedy strategy is not globally optimal but is computationally tractab...
Intraoperative optical coherence tomography-compatible surgical instruments for real-time image-guided ophthalmic surgery (2017)

Intraoperative optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a potentially transformational technology that is now commercially available to ophthalmic surgeons. Currently, the use of the technology is primarily limited to a 'stop and image' approach due to the lack of OCT compatibility with surgical instrumentation. In this report, we describe multiple OCT-compatible surgical instruments that were developed for various surgical needs, based on previous evaluation of potential surgical materials for optical features and physical properties. OCT-compatible instrumentation included two membrane scrapers, a surgical pick and vitreoretinal forceps. Imaging during in vitro and ex vivo-simulated surgical procedures demonstrated excellent visualisation of the instrument tip and of the tissue-instrument interaction. These OCT-compatible instruments may be a key component to the feasibility of real-time image-guided surgery with intraoperative OCT.
Magnetic dichroism in angle-resolved hard x-ray photoemission from buried layers (2011)

This work reports the measurement of magnetic dichroism in angular-resolved photoemission from in-plane magnetized buried thin films. The high bulk sensitivity of hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES) in combination with circularly polarized radiation enables the investigation of the magnetic properties of buried layers. HAXPES experiments with an excitation energy of 8 keV were performed on exchange-biased magnetic layers covered by thin oxide films. Two types of structures were investigated with the IrMn exchange-biasing layer either above or below the ferromagnetic layer: one with a CoFe layer on top and another with a Co${}_{2}$FeAl layer buried beneath the IrMn layer. A pronounced magnetic dichroism is found in the Co and Fe $2p$ states of both materials. The localization of the magnetic moments at the Fe site conditioning the peculiar characteristics of the Co${}_{2}$FeAl Heusler compound, predicted to be a half-metallic ferromagnet, is revealed from the magnetic dichroism detected in the Fe $2p$ states.
Pore Environment Effects on Catalytic Cyclohexane Oxidation in Expanded Fe2(dobdc) Analogues (2016)

Metal-organic frameworks are a new class of heterogeneous catalysts in which molecular-level control over both the immediate and long-range chemical environment surrounding a catalytic center can be readily achieved. Here, the oxidation of cyclohexane to cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone is used as a model reaction to investigate the effect of a hydrophobic pore environment on product selectivity and catalyst stability in a series of iron-based frameworks. Specifically, expanded analogues of Fe<sub>2</sub>(dobdc) (dobdc<sup>4-</sup> = 2,5-dioxido-1,4-benzenedicarboxylate) were synthesized and evaluated, including the biphenyl derivative Fe<sub>2</sub>(dobpdc) (H<sub>4</sub>dobpdc = 4,4'-dihydroxy-[1,1'-biphenyl]-3,3'-dicarboxylic acid), the terphenyl derivative Fe<sub>2</sub>(dotpdc) (H<sub>4</sub>dotpdc = 4,4″-dihydroxy-[1,1':4',1″-terphenyl]-3,3″-dicarboxylic acid), and three modified terphenyl derivatives in which the central ring is replaced with tetrafluoro-, tetramethyl-, or di-tert-butylaryl groups. Within these five materials, a remarkable 3-fold enhancement of the alcohol:ketone (A:K) ratio and an order of magnitude increase in turnover number are achieved by simply altering the framework pore diameter and installing nonpolar functional groups near the iron site. Mössbauer spectroscopy, kinetic isotope effect, and gas adsorption measurements reveal that variations in the A:K selectivities arise from differences in the cyclohexane adsorption enthalpies of these frameworks, which become more favorable as the number of hydrophobic residues and thus van der Waals interactions increase.
Matrix-based visual correlation analysis on large timeseries data (2012)

In recent years, the quantity of time series data generated in a wide variety of domains grown consistently. Thus, it is difficult for analysts to process and understand this overwhelming amount of data. In the specific case of time series data another problem arises: time series can be highly interrelated. This problem becomes even more challenging when a set of parameters influences the progression of a time series. However, while most visual analysis techniques support the analysis of short time periods, e.g. one day or one week, they fail to visualize large-scale time series, ranging over one year or more. In our approach we present a time series matrix visualization that tackles this problem. Its primary advantages are that it scales to a large number of time series with different start and end points and allows for the visual comparison / correlation analysis of a set of influencing factors. To evaluate our approach, we applied our technique to a real-world data set, showing the impact of local weather conditions on the efficiency of photovoltaic power plants.
Microstructure of Ni-based self-fluxing alloy coating (Part I) (2005)

The microstructure of a Ni-based self-fluxing alloy coating produced by an oxygen-acetylene flame spraying Ni-16. 5Cr-3. 3B-4. 7Si-4. 4Fe-0.8C system alloy powder onto a common steel substrate was investigated by microanalysis methods. The phases in the coating were observed by SEM and determined by XEDS X-Ray energy spectrum and X Ray diffraction patterns. Meanwhile, some molecular formulas were calculated.
Hydrogen bond donors in drug design (2022)

In medicinal chemistry, hydrogen bond donors are seen to cause more problems than hydrogen bond acceptors and this study examines hydrogen bond donor-acceptor asymmetries in the context of drug design. Hydrogen bond acidity is reviewed and it is shown how polarity can be estimated for individual hydrogen bond donors and acceptors from alkane/water partition coefficient measurements. Hydrogen bond donors are generally less polar than hydrogen bond acceptors and desolvation penalty is therefore an implausible explanation for deleterious effects of hydrogen bond donors. Generally, the number of hydrogen bond acceptors in organic compounds exceeds the number of hydrogen bond donors and the apparently greater restrictiveness of the Rule of 5 for hydrogen bond donors may simply be a reflection of this imbalance. The weaker hydration of hydrogen bond donors implies that attempts to address polarity surfeit in optimization of permeability should be focused on hydrogen bond acceptors. Elimination of redundant hydrogen bond donors can potentially reduce active efflux and destabilize the solid state without resulting in unacceptable increases in lipophilicity. The key hydrogen bond donor-acceptor asymmetry in the context of target recognition is that the presence of a hydrogen bond donor usually implies that a hydrogen bond acceptor is also present. Target-ligand hydrogen bonds form in aqueous media and design opportunities presented by frustrated hydration and secondary interactions are discussed. Hydrogen bond donors based on oxygen, nitrogen and carbon are compared as target recognition elements and potential benefits of halogen and chalcogen bond donors as replacements for hydrogen bond donors are discussed.
Fiber Volume Fraction Influence on Randomly Distributed Short Fiber Tungsten Fiber‐Reinforced Tungsten Composites (2020)

For future fusion reactors, tungsten (W) is currently the main candidate for the application as plasma‐facing material due to its several advanced properties. To overcome the brittleness of W, randomly distributed short W fiber‐reinforced W (W f /W) composites have been developed using field‐assisted sintering technology (FAST). Herein, W f /W materials with different fiber volume fraction (20–60%) are manufactured by FAST process to study the fiber volume fraction influence on the composite properties. W f /W with ductile fibers and brittle fibers is produced using different tool setups during the production. Three‐point bending tests on prenotched samples, 4‐point bending tests, and tensile tests have been performed to determine the fracture behavior and flexural/tensile strength of the material. W f /W materials with 30–40% fiber volume fraction exhibit a promising pseudoductile behavior, similar to fiber‐reinforced ceramic composites. However, W f /W with 20% and &gt;50% fiber volume fraction shows only a limited extrinsic toughening effect. In terms of flexural strength, with increasing fiber volume fraction, the tensile/flexural strength does not show a clear increasing tendency, or even lightly decreases.
Semi-Parallel Deep Neural Networks (SPDNN), Convergence and Generalization (2017)

The Semi-Parallel Deep Neural Network (SPDNN) idea is explained in this article and it has been shown that the convergence of the mixed network is very close to the best network in the set and the generalization of SPDNN is better than all the parent networks.