gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biomarkers of Cardiac and Kidney Dysfunction in Cardiorenal Syndromes (2010)

The role of biomarkers is rapidly emerging as an important tool in the management of the cardiorenal syndromes (CRS). Natriuretic peptides (NPs), due to their low cost and rapid and accurate ability to provide additional information not surmised from clinical evaluation, are the standard bearer for the newer biomarkers. Although the NP-guided therapy has been shown to improve patient outcomes, this has yet to be demonstrated for the novel renal biomarkers. Most of the renal biomarkers studies in CRS have been performed in the setting of cardiac surgery. It will be critical to validate these new biomarkers in multicenter and prospective studies encompassing a broad spectrum of patients. Work with NPs has also shown that novel biomakers are not to be used as 'stand-alone' tests; rather they are best used as adjuncts to everything else the health care provider brings to the table. It is likely that panels of multiple biomarkers will be needed for optimal evaluation, risk stratification, timely treatment initiation and follow-up of patients with CRS.
Gene Transfer of p53 to Arthritic Joints Stimulates Synovial Apoptosis and Inhibits Inflammation (2001)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that primarily affects joints. During the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis, the synovial lining becomes dramatically thickened and hyperplastic. This highly aggressive tissue invades and destroys articular cartilage and bone. Several lines of evidence suggest that the proliferation of the synovial tissue may be due to disruption in the control of the cell cycle or apoptotic pathways. In particular, mutations in the tumor suppressor protein p53 have been found in synovial tissue from RA joints. We have examined the effects of overexpression of p53 by adenoviral infection in synovial cells in culture and in synovial tissue in vivo in a rabbit model of arthritis. Here we demonstrate that p53 overexpression resulted in significant apoptosis in human and rabbit synovial cells in culture. Furthermore, intraarticular injection of Ad-p53 resulted in extensive and rapid induction of synovial apoptosis in the rabbit knee without affecting cartilage metabolism. Interestingly, a significant reduction in the leukocytic infiltrate was observed within 24 h postinfection of Ad.p53. These results suggest that intraarticular gene transfer of p53 is able to induce synovial apoptosis as well as reduce inflammation and thus may be useful clinically for the treatment of RA.
Down‐regulation of E‐cadherin expression in madin darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells inside tumors of nude mice (1991)

The 120-kDa cell-cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin is localized at the epithelial junctional complex and participates in the organization and maintenance of epithelia. The Madin Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell line expresses E-cadherin in a stable way and forms polarized epitheloid structures in vitro. Harvey-murine-sarcoma-virus-transformed derivatives (MDCK-ras) produce malignant (i.e., invasive and metastatic) tumors in nude mice. We obtained evidence that E-cadherin is down-regulated in nude mouse tumors and that this down-regulation is reversible. MDCK-ras-e cell lines were cloned in vitro from MDCK-ras cell cultures. They showed an epithelioid morphotype and expressed E-cadherin at homogeneously high level. This characteristic has been conserved for at least 60 passages in vitro. MDCK-ras-e cells were not invasive in vitro. When injected into nude mice, however, they produced invasive and metastatic tumors. Primary tumors as well as large metastases were heterogeneous, showing E-cadherin-positive well differentiated epithelial structures and E-cadherin-negative undifferentiated areas. Metastasis-derived cell cultures contained both E-cadherin-positive and E-cadherin-negative MDCK-ras-e cells during early passages in vitro. During further culture, however, they regained the homogeneous E-cadherin-positive characteristic of the original MDCK-ras-e cell line. The behavior of MDCK-ras-e cells in vitro, as compared with its in vivo behavior, points to the existence of host factors which are able to down-regulate E-cadherin expression. We hypothesize that this down-regulation plays a basic role in invasion.
Comparison of proposed response mechanisms of precipitate-based ion-selective electrodes in the presence of interfering ions (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTComparison of proposed response mechanisms of precipitate-based ion-selective electrodes in the presence of interfering ionsThomas R. Berube, Richard P. Buck, Erno. Lindner, Miklos. Gratzl, and Erno. PungorCite this: Anal. Chem. 1989, 61, 5, 453–458Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00180a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00180a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views59Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Biodegradable and biocompatible soy protein/polymer/adhesive sticky nano-textured interfacial membranes for prevention of esca fungi invasion into pruning cuts and wounds of vines (2015)

Adhesive biodegradable membranes (patches) for the protection of pruning locations of plants from esca fungi attacks were developed using electrospun soy protein/polyvinyl alcohol and soy protein/polycaprolactone nanofibers. Several different water-soluble adhesives were either added directly to the electrospinning solutions or electrosprayed onto the as-spun nanofiber mats. The nanofibers were deposited onto a biodegradable rayon membrane, and are to be pressed onto the pruned location on a plant. The pore size in the nanofiber mats is sufficient for physically blocking fungi penetration, while the outside rayon membrane provides sufficient mechanical support in handling prior to deposition on a plant. Diseases like Vine Decline are one of the most important cases where such a remedy would be needed. It should be emphasized that these novel biodegradable and sticky patches are radically different from the ordinary electrospun ultra-filtration membranes. The normal and shear specific adhesive energy of the patches were measured, and the results show that they can withstand strong wind without being blown off. On the other hand, the patches possess sufficient porosity for plant breathing.
Engineering Dextran-Based Scaffolds for Drug Delivery and Tissue Repair (2012)

Owing to its chemically reactive hydroxyl groups, dextran can be modified with different functional groups to form spherical, tubular and 3D network structures. The development of novel functional scaffolds for efficient controlled release and tissue regeneration has been a major research interest, and offers promising therapeutics for many diseases. Dextran-based scaffolds are naturally biodegradable and can serve as bioactive carriers for many protein biomolecules. The reconstruction of the in vitro microenvironment with proper signaling cues for large-scale tissue regenerative scaffolds has yet to be fully developed, and remains a significant challenge in regenerative medicine. This paper will describe recent advances in dextran-based polymers and scaffolds for controlled release and tissue engineering. Special attention is given to the development of dextran-based hydrogels that are precisely manipulated with desired structural properties and encapsulated with defined angiogenic growth factors for therapeutic neovascularization, as well as their potential for wound repair.
Jens Christian Grondahl (2002)

Amphiphilic dual brush diblock as well as symmetrical triblock polymers were synthesized by the overlay of the reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) and the nitroxide mediated polymerization (NMP) techniques. While poly(ethylene glycol) brushes served as hydrophilic block, the hydrophobic block was made of polystyrene brushes. The resulting "giant surfactants" correspond structurally to the established amphiphilic diblock and triblock copolymer known as macrosurfactants. The aggregation behavior of the novel "giant surfactants" in aqueous solution was studied by dynamic light scattering, small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) over a large range in reciprocal space. Further, the self-assembled aggregates were investigated by scanning force microscopy (SFM) after deposition on differently functionalized ultraflat solid substrates. Despite the high fraction of hydrophobic segments, the polymers form stable mesoscopic, spherical aggregates with hydrodynamic diameters in the range of 150-350 nm. Though prepared from well-defined individual polymers, the aggregates show several similarities to hard core latexes. They are stable enough to be deposited without much changes onto surfaces, where they cluster and show spontaneous sorting according to their size within the clusters, with the larger aggregates being in the center.
How Important Is the Release–Return Mechanism in Olefin Metathesis? (2010)

From whose bourns no traveller returns, puzzles the will: UV/Vis, 19F NMR, and fluorescence spectroscopic studies (see graphic) provide no evidence supporting the boomerang mechanism in Grubbs–Hoveyda complexes, which is the return of the isopropoxy styrene as a benzylidene ether ligand following its release during catalyst initiation.
The Urban Decision Room: A multi actor design engineering simulation system (2012)

This paper deals with the definition and construction of a decision based multi actor urban design model which enables the integration of the allocation of a variety of urban land uses with the distribution of different urban functions: the Urban Decision Room. Urban design (and planning) is, among others things, about the spatial distribution of human activities and their physical facilities like buildings, roads, green areas etc. in amount, place and time over a well-defined area. In the Urban Decision Room the individual and specific visions and knowledge of the various participating parties with regard to the development area in question, are translated into individual and specific negotiable preferences for particular solutions for that area. By processing these preferences simultaneously and interactively in an Urban Decision Room, as opposed to dealing with them successively as in traditional design teams, the result is not a series of plan variants, but one common solution space.
Eggshell: Ultra-Thin Three-Dimensional Printed Formwork for Concrete Structures (2020)

Concrete is a material favored by architects and builders alike due to its high structural strength and its ability to take almost any form. However, to shape concrete structures, heavy-duty formwork is usually necessary to support the fresh concrete while curing. To expand geometrical freedom, three-dimensional (3D) printed concrete formwork has emerged as a field of research. This article presents one possible application, a novel fabrication process that combines large-scale robotic fused deposition modeling 3D printing with simultaneous casting of a fast-hardening, set-on-demand concrete. This fabrication process, known as “Eggshell,” enables the production of nonstandard concrete structures in a material-efficient process. By casting a fast-hardening concrete in a continuous process, lateral pressure exerted by the fresh concrete is kept to a minimum. In this way, a 1.5-mm-thin thermoplastic shell can be used as a formwork, without any additional support. Geometries of different scales are tested in this article to evaluate the feasibility of the Eggshell fabrication process in an architectural context. An array of printing materials are also tested, and several different reinforcement concepts are analyzed. The findings are used to produce a full-scale architectural demonstrator project. This article shows that a wide range of concrete geometries can be produced in a material-efficient fabrication process, paving the way toward mass customization and structural optimization within concrete architecture.
Direct electrochemical conversion of carbon anode fuels in molton salt media (2001)

We are conducting research into the direct electrochemical conversion of reactive carbons into electricity--with experimental evidence of total efficiencies exceeding 80% of the heat of combustion of carbon. Together with technologies for extraction of reactive carbons from broad based fossil fuels, direct carbon conversion addresses the objectives of DOE's ''21st Century Fuel Cell'' with exceptionally high efficiency (&gt;70% based on standard heat of reaction, {Delta}H{sub std}), as well as broader objectives of managing CO{sub 2} emissions. We are exploring the reactivity of a wide range of carbons derived from diverse sources, including pyrolyzed hydrocarbons, petroleum cokes, purified coals and biochars, and relating their electrochemical reactivity to nano/microstructural characteristics.
Simultaneous improvement of specificity and affinity of aptamers against Streptococcus mutans by in silico maturation for biosensor development (2013)

In silico evolution with an in vitro system can facilitate the development of functional aptamers with high specificity and affinity. Although a general technique known as systematic evolution of ligand by exponential enrichment (SELEX) is an efficient method for aptamer selection, it sometimes fails to identify aptamers with sufficient binding properties. We have previously developed in silico maturation (ISM) to improve functions of aptamers based on genetic algorithms. ISM represents an intelligent exploitation of a random search within a defined sequence space to optimize aptamer sequences and improve their function of interest. Here we demonstrated a successful application of ISM of aptamers to simultaneously improve specificity and affinity for Streptococcus mutans with discovery of a core sequence, which was required to form a polymerized guanine quadruplex structure for target binding. We applied ISM to aptamers selected by whole-cell SELEX and identified an aptamer with up to 16-fold improvement in affinity compared to its parent aptamers, and specificity was increased to show 12-fold more binding to S. mutans than to Lactobacillus acidophilus. Furthermore, we demonstrated a specific flow-through detection of S. mutans at a concentration range of 1 × 10(5) -10(8) CFU/mL using the evolved aptamer immobilized on gold colloids.
Hybrid Silica-Coated PLGA Nanoparticles for Enhanced Enzyme-Based Therapeutics (2022)

Some cancer cells rely heavily on non-essential biomolecules for survival, growth, and proliferation. Enzyme based therapeutics can eliminate these biomolecules, thus specifically targeting neoplastic cells; however, enzyme therapeutics are susceptible to immune clearance, exhibit short half-lives, and require frequent administration. Encapsulation of therapeutic cargo within biocompatible and biodegradable poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (PLGA NPs) is a strategy for controlled release. Unfortunately, PLGA NPs exhibit burst release of cargo shortly after delivery or upon introduction to aqueous environments where they decompose via hydrolysis. Here we show the generation of hybrid silica-coated PLGA (SiLGA) NPs as viable drug delivery vehicles exhibiting sub-200 nm diameters, a metastable Zeta potential, and high loading efficiency and content. Compared to uncoated PLGA NPs, SiLGA NPs offer greater retention of enzymatic activity and slow the burst release of cargo. Thus, SiLGA encapsulation of therapeutic enzymes, such as asparaginase, could reduce frequency of administration, increase half-life, and improve efficacy for patients with a range of diseases.
Detection, Characterization, and Decay Kinetics of ROS and Thiyl Adducts of Mito-DEPMPO Spin Trap (2007)

We report here the detection and characterization of spin adducts formed from the trapping of reactive oxygen species (superoxide and hydroxyl radicals) and glutathiyl and carbon-centered radicals by a newly synthesized nitrone, Mito-DEPMPO. This is a cationic nitrone spin trap with a triphenyl phosphonium cation conjugated to the DEPMPO analogue. The Mito-DEPMPO-OOH adduct, formed from the trapping of superoxide by Mito-DEPMPO, was enzymatically generated using xanthine/xanthine oxidase and neuronal nitric oxide synthase, and chemically generated by KO2 in 18-crown-6. The Mito-DEPMPO-OOH adduct exhibits an eight-line EPR spectrum with partial asymmetry arising from the alternate line-width effect. The half-life of the Mito-DEPMPO-OOH adduct is 2-2.5-times greater than that of the DEPMPO-OOH. The Mito-DEPMPO-SG adduct, formed from the trapping of glutathiyl radicals by Mito-DEPMPO, is 3-times more persistent than the analogue DEPMPO-SG adduct. In this study, we describe the EPR characterization of spin adducts formed from Mito-DEPMPO. The EPR parameters of Mito-DEPMPO adducts are distinctly different and highly characteristic. The detection of superoxide from an intact mitochondrion was feasible with Mito-DEPMPO but not with DEPMPO. We conclude that Mito-DEPMPO nitrone and its analogues are more effective than most nitrone spin traps for trapping superoxide, hydroxyl, and thiyl radicals formed in biological systems, including mitochondria.
Nematic liquid crystal films as nonlinear optical imaging and switching media: theory and experiment (1982)

Recent studies have shown that aligned nematic films will undergo reorientation by moderate intensity (a few W/cm 2 ) optical fields or a combination of optical and de fields and will generate large nonlinear optical effects. This paper is addressed specifically to the quantitative aspects of the theory and experiments on all contributing factors (including the thermal indexing effect). It also considers the feasibility of applying these optical nonlinearities in real-time switching and imaging devices.
Anomalous B penetration through ultrathin gate oxides during rapid thermal annealing (1999)

We have observed accelerated diffusion of B in ultrathin gate oxides during rapid thermal annealing (RTA) of the gate stack. Enhanced diffusion by 10-100 times over standard furnace annealing has been measured in SiO/sub 2/. The activation energy for B diffusion in SiO/sub 2/ during RTA is decreased by about 0.5 eV when compared to furnace annealing results. We propose a model that involves the capture of optically generated holes by diffusion defects which results in reduced B migration enthalpy through the modified defect, whose bonding has been weakened by the presence of captured positive charge. No similar optical radiation effect was observed when F was present in the oxide.
Figure S4 from Gamma Secretase Inhibition by BMS-906024 Enhances Efficacy of Paclitaxel in Lung Adenocarcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;In vivo tumor growth curves of NSCLC cell line- or patient-derived xenografts.&lt;/p&gt;
A Versatile Route to 2-Arylmethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazolidine-3,5-diones via Regiospecific Alkylation of 1,2,4-Oxadiazolidine-3,5-dione (1997)

2-Arylmethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazolidine-3,5-diones can be prepared in a single step by the regiospecific alkylation of 1,2,4-oxadiazolidine-3,5-dione with substituted benzyl halides.
Analysis of the p53 and MDM‐2 gene in acute myeloid leukemia (1996)

The MDM-2 (murine double minute 2) gene codes for a cellular protein that can bind to the p53 tumor suppressor gene product, thereby functioning as a negative regulator of p53. In order to define the role of the MDM-2 gene in the pathogenesis of human acute myeloid leukemia, the expression and the sequence of the MDM-2 gene were examined in samples of bone marrow and/or peripheral mononuclear cells of 38 patients by using immunostaining, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), single strand conformation polymorphism, and sequencing. Immunohistochemical staining detected a weak accumulation of the MDM-2 protein in AML patients of FAB classification M4 and M5. RT-PCR analysis revealed a heterogeneous expression pattern of MDM-2 mRNA in AML samples of different FAB classification. An increased level of MDM-2 mRNA expression was observed in 17 of 38 AML patients when compared to normal controls. No structural changes in a 488 bp region extending from nucleotide 890 to 1378 of the MDM-2 cDNA were detected using RT-SSCP and sequence analysis. In addition, heterogeneous expression of p53 transcripts was found with the highest p53 mRNA levels in AML M4 and M5. Interestingly, there seems to be a correlation between the relative ratios of p53 and MDM-2 mRNA levels in AML M4 and M5: in 15 of 23 cases high p53 mRNA expression was directly associated with high levels of MDM-2 transcripts. An exclusively intranuclear p53 immunostaining pattern was found in 10 of 16 (58%) AML FAB M4 and M5, whereas the remaining AML samples tested were negative for p53 (0/10). Using RT-SSCP analysis and direct sequencing of the RT-PCR amplification products of p53 exon 5-8, we observed that only 1 of 38 AML patients showed a point mutation in the p53 gene. This missense mutation occurred in the evolutionary highly conserved region of p53 at codon 255 (Ile to Phe). These data indicated that structural alterations of the p53 gene do not play an important role in the initiation and progression of AML. However, abrogation of p53 tumor suppressor function due to MDM-2 overexpression may be an alternative molecular mechanism by which a subset of AMLs may escape from p53-regulated growth control.
Experimental Evaluation of a Three-Phase Downflow Capillary Reactor (2005)

One reason for the few commercial successes of intensified catalytic multiphase reactors might be that many of these developments inherently incorporate a fixed catalyst, which may not suit an industry that is based on principles of batch manufacture and multiproduct plants. This study evaluates an intensified reactor that encompasses the opportunities demonstrated from structured flows and thin channels, together with a mobile, slurry catalyst, namely, a multicapillary reactor with gas/liquid/suspended catalyst flow. Using the single capillary arrangement, the reaction of resorcinol hydrogenation was shown to be first order in hydrogen and to be operating under kinetic control. The increase of the gas-to-liquid flow ratio showed a positive effect on the observed reaction rate. Comparison of the rate of resorcinol hydrogenation in the capillary reactor with an autoclave under equivalent reaction conditions demonstrated that the rate in the single capillary reactor (SCR) was enhanced by a factor of 7.