gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental Studies on Supercritical Flows (1998)

Abstract : Stimulated scattering was performed with infrared lasers at 1064 nm and with a ring dye laser at 532 nm. For the measurements at 1064 nm, a Nd:YAG laser was used as the pump laser and a tunable diode laser was used as the probe laser. With this apparatus stimulated Brillouin and stimulated Rayleigh scattering were observed in hexane and other liquids. These were the first high resolution stimulated scattering performed without a ring dye laser and the first stimulated scattering gain spectroscopy in the infrared to our knowledge. Both electrostrictive and absorptive versions of Brillouin and Rayleigh scattering were obtained. The transition from electrostrictive to absorptive Rayleigh scattering was observed for the first time to our knowledge. The influence of scattered pump light was determined not to be a problem for our measurements. A supercritical cell was designed and constructed capable of operation up to 600 K and 2000 psi. A second generation cell was built to reduce the effects of convection at the windows. The first stimulated scattering measurements in a supercritical fluid were performed.
Synthesis of Colloidal PbSe/PbS Core−Shell Nanowires and PbS/Au Nanowire−Nanocrystal Heterostructures (2007)

The oriented attachment of PbSe nanocrystals results in single-crystalline colloidal PbSe nanowires. The addition of different surfactants allows tailoring nanowire morphology, choosing between straight, zigzag, helical, and branched nanowires. In this work, we studied the formation of coaxial PbSe/PbS core−shell heterostructures and observed Stranski−Krastanov growth regime of PbS shell on PbSe nanowires at low reaction temperature (150 °C) that switched to layer-by-layer epitaxial growth above 180 °C. The protection of PbSe nanowires with a PbS shell substantially improves the nanowire stability against oxidation. We also developed a technique for controllable decoration of colloidal PbSe nanowires with Au nanoparticles and found that the morphology of nanowire template had a strong effect on nucleation and growth of gold nanoparticles.
An innovative wireless Cardiac Rhythm Management (iCRM) system (2014)

In this paper, we propose a wireless Communicator to manage and enhance a Cardiac Rhythm Management System. The system includes: (1) an on-body wireless Electrocardiogram (ECG), (2) an Intracardiac Electrogram (EGM) embedded inside an Implantable Cardioverter/Defibrillator, and (3) a Communicator (with a resident Learning System). The first two devices are existing technology available in the market and are emulated using data from the Physionet database, while the Communicator was designed and implemented by our research team. The value of the information obtained by combining the information supplied by (1) and (2), presented to the Communicator, improves decision making regarding use of the actuator or other actions. Preliminary results show a high level of confidence in the decisions made by the Communicator. For example, excellent accuracy is achieved in predicting atrial arrhythmia in 8 patients using only external ECG when we used a neural network.
Erosion of Transplantation Tolerance After Infection (2016)

Recent clinical studies suggest that operational allograft tolerance can be persistent, but long-term surviving allografts can be rejected in a subset of patients, sometimes after episodes of infection. In this study, we examined the impact of Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) infection on the quality of tolerance in a mouse model of heart allograft transplantation. Lm infection induced full rejection in 40% of tolerant recipients, with the remaining experiencing a rejection crisis or no palpable change in their allografts. In the surviving allografts on day 8 postinfection, graft-infiltrating cell numbers increased and exhibited a loss in the tolerance gene signature. By day 30 postinfection, the tolerance signature was broadly restored, but with a discernible reduction in the expression of a subset of 234 genes that marked tolerance and was down-regulated at day 8 post-Lm infection. We further demonstrated that the tolerant state after Lm infection was functionally eroded, as rejection of the long-term surviving graft was induced with anti-PD-L1 whereas the same treatment had no effect in noninfected tolerant mice. Collectively, these observations demonstrate that tolerance, even if initially robust, exists as a continuum that can be eroded following bystander immune responses that accompany certain infections.
Efficient analysis of scattering from large-scale aperiodic tilings by use of the characteristic basis function method combined with the adaptive integral method (2012)

This paper presents a hybrid method for fast analysis of electromagnetic (EM) scattering from large-scale aperiodic structures (e.g., Penrose and Danzer tilings), which integrates the characteristic basis function method (CBFM) and the adaptive integral method (AIM). The CBFs defined on the macro block facilitate a substantial reduction in the method of moments (MoM) matrix size, enabling the use of direct solvers for large problems. The initial CBFs are constructed by illuminating one block with θ- and φ-polarization plane waves for multiple incident angles. Thereafter, the singular value decomposition (SVD) method and threshold are used to extract the independent basis from the initial solution space, ultimately leading to the final CBFs. The AIM is applied to accelerate the calculation of CBFM reduced MoM matrices, significantly decreasing the CPU time and memory required for solving large-scale problems. As the size of one block becomes electrically large, the original CBFM combined with AIM is employed to generate the initial CBFs by solving a problem with multiple excitations, which results in efficiently constructing the final CBFs afforded by the SVD procedure. After validating the developed code, the subsequent solver is applied to investigate EM scattering from large-scale aperiodic tilings in order to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method. Further, the numerical results show that Penrose and Danzer tilings exhibit improved grating lobe suppression as compared to their periodic counterparts.
A self-referenced VCO-based temperature sensor with 0.034&#x00B0;C/mV supply sensitivity in 65nm CMOS (2015)

A VCO-based temperature sensor with low supply sensitivity is presented. Fabricated in a 65nm CMOS process, the 0.004mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> prototype operates with 1V supply and achieves a supply sensitivity of 0.034°C/mV and an inaccuracy of +0.9°C/-0.9°C and +2.3°C/-2.3°C from 0-100°C after 2-point calibration, with and without static non-linearity correction, respectively. For (programmable) resolutions of 1°C-to-0.3°C, the sensor draws 1nJ-to-3.4nJ per conversion, respectively.
Prostate Cancer: Understanding the Pathophysiology and Re-Designing a Therapeutic Approach (2004)

1. PROSTATE CANCER SUSCEPTIBILITY GENES 2. INTRODUCTION AND HISTORY OF PSA SCREENING 3. PROSTATE SPECIFIC ANTIGEN AND OTHER KALLIKREINS IN PROSTATE CANCER 4. PROSTATE CANCER SCREENING AND EARLY TREATMENT: THE ONLY POSSIBILITY FOR A MAJOR IMPACT ON SURVIVAL IN PROSTATE CANCER. 5. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING AND SPECTROSCOPIC IMAGING OF PROSTATE CANCER: IMPROVED THERAPEUTIC SELECTION AND ASSESSMENT. 6. MOLECULAR STAGING IN CLINICALLY LOCALIZED AND ADVANCED PROSTATE CANCER. 7. BONE MICROENVIRONMENT PARTICIPATION IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ANDROGEN ABLATION REFRACTORINESS IN PROSTATE CANCER PATIENTS WITH BONE METASTASES: CLINICAL APPLICATION OF AN ANTI-SURVIVAL FACTOR THERAPY. 8. COMBINED ANDROGEN BLOCKADE WITH NON-STEROIDAL ANTI-ANDROGENS FOR ADVANCED PROSTATE CANCER: A REVIEW OF THE EVIDENCE ON EFFICACY AND TOXICITY. 9. PATHOLOGIC CHANGES INDUCED BY HORMONE THERAPY IN NORMAL PROSTATE CARCINOMA 10. STATUS OF ANDROGEN BLOCKADE IN PROSTATE CANCER IN 2003 11. STRATEGIES FOR PROSTATE CANCER PREVENTION. REFERENCES
High Multiplicity Infection by HIV-1 in Men Who Have Sex with Men (2010)

Elucidating virus-host interactions responsible for HIV-1 transmission is important for advancing HIV-1 prevention strategies. To this end, single genome amplification (SGA) and sequencing of HIV-1 within the context of a model of random virus evolution has made possible for the first time an unambiguous identification of transmitted/founder viruses and a precise estimation of their numbers. Here, we applied this approach to HIV-1 env analyses in a cohort of acutely infected men who have sex with men (MSM) and found that a high proportion (10 of 28; 36%) had been productively infected by more than one virus. In subjects with multivariant transmission, the minimum number of transmitted viruses ranged from 2 to 10 with viral recombination leading to rapid and extensive genetic shuffling among virus lineages. A combined analysis of these results, together with recently published findings based on identical SGA methods in largely heterosexual (HSX) cohorts, revealed a significantly higher frequency of multivariant transmission in MSM than in HSX [19 of 50 subjects (38%) versus 34 of 175 subjects (19%); Fisher's exact p = 0.008]. To further evaluate the SGA strategy for identifying transmitted/founder viruses, we analyzed 239 overlapping 5' and 3' half genome or env-only sequences from plasma viral RNA (vRNA) and blood mononuclear cell DNA in an MSM subject who had a particularly well-documented virus exposure history 3-6 days before symptom onset and 14-17 days before peak plasma viremia (47,600,000 vRNA molecules/ml). All 239 sequences coalesced to a single transmitted/founder virus genome in a time frame consistent with the clinical history, and a molecular clone of this genome encoded replication competent virus in accord with model predictions. Higher multiplicity of HIV-1 infection in MSM compared with HSX is consistent with the demonstrably higher epidemiological risk of virus acquisition in MSM and could indicate a greater challenge for HIV-1 vaccines than previously recognized.
Solid-Phase Synthesis of 4-Arylazetidin-2-ones via Suzuki and Heck Cross-Coupling Reactions (1997)

Application of the Suzuki and the Heck cross-coupling reactions for efficient synthesis of diverse biaryl- and styryl-substituted β-lactams on solid support using an optimized catalyst system is reported. The coupling of phenylboronic acid with the resin-bound 3-phenoxy-4-iodophenyl β-lactam 1a proceeded in 89% isolated yield by employing 20 mol % of the bidentate phosphine−palladium complex, [1,1‘-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]palladium(II) dichloride {PdCl2(dppf)} as catalyst in the presence of triethylamine (TEA, 10 equiv) in DMF at 65 °C for 12 h. Efficient cross-coupling of the iodophenyl β-lactam to heterocyclic boronates and aryl boronates substituted with various electron-donating and -withdrawing groups is also demonstrated. The reverse coupling reactions of immobilized arylboronic acid 1c with a variety of substituted aryl iodides were found to proceed in excellent yields using the same catalyst system in a 3/7 mixture (v/v) of H2O:DMF at 40 °C. The use of this catalyst for the vinylation of aryl iodide 1a via the Heck reaction was also examined.
Protocol to Access White-Space (PAWS) Databases (2015)

Portions of the radio spectrum that are allocated to licensees are available for non-interfering use.This available spectrum is called "white space".Allowing secondary users access to available spectrum "unlocks" existing spectrum to maximize its utilization and to provide opportunities for innovation, resulting in greater overall spectrum utilization.One approach to managing spectrum sharing uses databases to report spectrum availability to devices.To achieve interoperability among multiple devices and databases, a standardized protocol must be defined and implemented.This document defines such a protocol, the "Protocol to Access White-Space (PAWS) Databases".
TBAF-Promoted Elimination of Vicinal Dibromides Having an Adjacent O-Functional Group: Syntheses of 2-Bromoalk-1-enes and Alkynes (2011)

Syntheses of 2-bromoalk-1-enes and alkynes were achieved in good yields by dehydrobromination of vicinal dibromides with tetrabutylammonium fluoride. Neighboring O-functional-group participation is important in determining elimination reactivity.
Preparation of Li<Sub>4</Sub>Ti<Sub>5</Sub>O<Sub>12</Sub> Thin Film Electrode with PVP Sol-Gel for a Rechargeable Lithium Microbattery (2003)

A Li4Ti5O12 thin film electrode for rechargeable lithium microbatteries was prepared on Au substrate by a sol-gel method. A stable sol was successfully prepared by adding poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) into 2-propanol solvent, in which PVP prevented a crack formation. The sol was coated on Au substrates with a spin coater, and was converted to gel during the spin coating process. The gel was then heated to form Li4Ti5O12 oxide. Optimized conditions for preparation of uniform film without any cracks were firstly a heating temperature of 600oC, 3000 rpm, and secondly a sol with 5 mol% of PVP. An electrochemical cell was constructed with polymethylmethacrylate gel-polymer electrolyte, which was electrochemically evaluated using a cyclic voltammetry and a discharge and charge test. The discharge and charge curves were very flat around 1.55 V and the rechargeability increased up to 97.5% at 60th cycle. The Li+ ion diffusion coefficient at a potential of 1.57 V was estimated to be 6.5×10−10 cm2 s−1, indicating that the thin film exhibited a fast electrochemical response. From these results, it can be said that the Li4Ti5O12 thin film with a fast electrochemical response is a prospect of an active electrode material, and that PVP sol-gel method is very useful for thin film preparation.
A palladium complex confined in a thiadiazole-functionalized porous conjugated polymer for the Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction (2019)

Porous organic polymers (POPs) with well-distributed and tunable functional groups acting as ligands for specific reactions are promising supports for confining useful novel metals such as Pd, Au, and Pd. Herein, a thiadiazole-containing POP has been successfully synthesized and used for immobilizing Pd species. Pd immobilized inside the micropores (2.3 nm) of the POP material is easily prepared owing to a large amount of the strong anchoring group, thiadiazole, which is intrinsically distributed in the as-prepared POP. The rigid thiadiazole-containing polymer can stabilize the central metal rather than poisoning it. The as-prepared catalyst shows excellent catalytic activity in Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions under mild reaction conditions and low catalyst loading. Importantly, the intrinsically distributed thiadiazole ligands can stabilize the Pd moiety, preventing aggregation and leaching, and afford excellent catalytic lifetimes. Consequently, the catalyst can be reused 10 times without a significant loss of its catalytic activity.
High‐Q Microwave Dielectric Materials Based on the Spinel Mg 2 TiO 4 (2006)

Composite ceramics based on the spinel Mg 2 TiO 4 were prepared by a conventional mixed‐oxide route. To achieve the temperature stabilization of the dielectric constant, each of the composites was added with 7 mol% CaTiO 3 . The effect of the substitution of isovalent Co for Mg on the microstructure and the microwave dielectric properties of the composite ceramics was also investigated. A maximum Q × f value of around 150–160 THz was obtained for the undoped Mg 2 TiO 4 , whereas a reduced Q × f value was observed for an increase in the Co concentration in the system (1− x )Mg 2 TiO 4 − x Co 2 TiO 4 . Upon doping with 7 mol% CaTiO 3 , the Q × f value passed through a maximum with increasing Co concentration. Adding ZnO–B 2 O 3 to the composite system based on Co‐doped Mg 2 TiO 4 resulted in a reduction of the sintering temperature by 150°–200°C without any significant degradation in the Q × f value.
Complexity and "chaos" in blood pressure after baroreceptor denervation of conscious dogs (1995)

To investigate how arterial baroreceptors affect the dynamic properties of short-term blood pressure control, we determined Lyapunov exponents and correlation dimensions of blood pressure. Two groups of conscious dogs were studied: a control group (n = 7) and a group subjected to total sinoaortic and cardiopulmonary baroreceptor denervation (n = 7). As a measure of variability, standard deviation was determined and power spectra were calculated. In the lower frequency range (f < 0.1 Hz) power density was inversely related to frequency in both groups, indicating "1/f noise." Estimating the correlation dimension via the Grassberger-Procaccia algorithm as a quantification of complexity revealed a decrease after baroreceptor denervation (1.74 +/- 0.2 vs. 3.05 +/- 0.23 control; P < 0.05). Determination of the largest Lyapunov exponents lambda 1, which indicates the sensitive dependence on initial conditions, a hallmark of chaos, also yielded a diminution after denervation (lambda 1 = 0.74 +/- 0.08 vs. 1.85 +/- 0.18, P < 0.01). The results were cross-checked with surrogate data statistics. The null hypothesis, that there is no nonlinear structure in arterial blood pressure time series, was rejected. This shows that after baroreceptor denervation, blood pressure control is less complex and less sensitive to initial conditions ("chaos"). In contrast, variability (standard deviation) is increased (22.2 +/- 3.1 denervation vs. 8.3 +/- 1.4 control; P < 0.05). It is concluded that under physiological conditions, arterial and cardiopulmonary baroreceptors reduce variability of blood pressure, however, at the cost of blood pressure being less predictable. Thus the regulation is more sensitive depending on initial conditions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Energy transfer and fluorescence depolarization in organic dendrimers and branched molecules (2002)

The measurements of the ultra-fast fluorescence anisotropy decay in conjugated dendrimers and in model branched dendritic molecules of different symmetry are reported. The excited state relaxation of carbon and adamantane-centered tetramers was investigated by polarized fluorescence upconversion spectroscopy. Fluorescence anisotropy was found to decay to the residual value in femtosecond time range. A comparison between the tetramer systems and a nitrogen cored distyrylbenzene dendrimer is provided. For the model system bis-MSB representing the linear building block of the investigated systems a fluorescence anisotropy decay time of 82 ps was obtained which agrees with rotational diffusion. Ultrafast anisotropy decay for these branched systems was explained in terms of interchromophore interactions. The results of these ultrafast anisotropy measurements are important to the understanding of the characteristics of excitations in organic dendrimers.
A software radio approach to global navigation satellite system receiver design (1998)

The software radio has been described as the most significant evolution in receiver design since the development of the superheterodyne concept in 1918. The software radio design philosophy is to position an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) as close to the antenna as possible and then process the samples using a combination of software and a programmable microprocessor. There are a number of important advantages to be gained through full exploitation of the software radio concept. The most notable include: (1) The removal of analog signal processing components and their associated nonlinear, temperature-based, and age-based performance characteristics. (2) A single antenna/front-end configuration can be used to receive and demodulate a variety of radio frequency (RF) transmissions. (3) The software radio provides the ultimate simulation/testing environment.
Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSSs) are the latest and most complex radionavigation systems in widespread use. The United States' Global Positioning System (GPS) and, to a lesser extent, the Russian Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS) are being targeted for use as next generation aviation navigation systems. As a result, it is critical that a GNSS achieve the reliability and integrity necessary for use within the aerospace system. The receiver design is a key element in achieving the high standards required.
This work presents the complete development of a GNSS software radio. A GNSS receiver front end has been constructed, based on the software radio design goals, and has been evaluated against the traditional design. Trade-offs associated with each implementation are presented along with experimental results. Novel bandpass sampling front end designs have been proposed, implemented and tested for the processing of multiple GNSS transmissions. Finally, every aspect of GNSS signal processing has been implemented in software from the necessary spread spectrum acquisition algorithms to those required for a position solution.
The GNSS software radio is the first of its kind and will thus bring all the assets associated with the concept into GNSS receiver research. Not only does the work describe the multiple benefits available through a GNSS software radio implementation, but it also establishes the feasibility of such through actual hardware design and experimental results.
Data from <i>Salmonella</i>-Based Therapy Targeting Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Coupled with Enzymatic Depletion of Tumor Hyaluronan Induces Complete Regression of Aggressive Pancreatic Tumors (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Bacterial-based therapies are emerging as effective cancer treatments and hold promise for refractory neoplasms, such as pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), which has not shown significant improvement in therapy for more than 25 years. Using a novel combination of shIDO-ST, a &lt;i&gt;Salmonella&lt;/i&gt;-based therapy targeting the immunosuppressive molecule indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), with an enzyme, PEGPH20, which depletes extracellular matrix hyaluronan, we observed extended survival with frequent total regression of autochthonous and orthotopic PDAC tumors. This observation was associated with migration and accumulation of activated polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) from spleens into tumors, which was not seen using a scrambled control (shScr-ST). Purified splenic PMNs from PEGPH20/shIDO-ST-treated mice exhibited significant IDO knockdown and were able to kill tumor targets &lt;i&gt;ex vivo&lt;/i&gt; through mechanisms involving FasL and serine proteases. In addition, CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T cells were observed to contribute to late control of pancreatic tumors. Collectively, our data demonstrate that entry of shIDO-ST and PMNs into otherwise impermeable desmoplastic tumors is facilitated by PEGPH20-mediated HA removal, further highlighting an important component of effective treatment for PDAC. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Immunol Res; 3(9); 1096–107. ©2015 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
BitDrones (2016)

We present BitDrones, a toolbox for building interactive real reality 3D displays that use nano-quadcopters as self-levitating tangible building blocks. Our prototype is a first step towards interactive self-levitating programmable matter, in which the user interface is represented using Catomic structures. We discuss three types of BitDrones: PixelDrones, equipped with an RGB LED and a small OLED display; ShapeDrones, augmented with an acrylic mesh spun over a 3D printed frame in a larger geometric shape; and DisplayDrones, fitted with a thin-film 720p touchscreen. We present a number of unimanual and bimanual input techniques, including touch, drag, throw and resize of individual drones and compound models, as well as user interface elements such as self-levitating cone trees, 3D canvases and alert boxes. We describe application scenarios and depict future directions towards creating high-resolution self-levitating programmable matter.