gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dielectric surface flashover in vacuum. Experimental design issues (1997)

In order to determine the influence of intrinsic material properties of dielectric materials on high field surface flashover characteristics in vacuum, it is important that we minimize or eliminate the influence of the experimental test structure on the high field processes. In this paper we shall examine the flashover characteristics of polycrystalline alumina insulators, using a lateral test structure similar to the one used in semiconductor devices. A significant improvement in surface flashover strengths (/spl sim/200%) was found using a metalized contact electrode system compared with a classical solid electrode system. The results indicate that, using a metalized film cathode, the scatter in the flashover data is significantly reduced compared with the solid electrode system, implying that the electron-dielectric interaction processes that lead to flashover occur in a more predictable fashion. The new metal contact electrode system reveals the dependence of flashover strength on the surface preparation and the grain size of the dielectric material. The average flashover strength increases and the scatter in the flashover data decrease with a decrease in the average grain size of the particles composing the alumina ceramic. Thus the surface flashover processes in vacuum are related to the dielectric surface microstructure, specifically the surface and sub-surface microdamage and grain-boundary defects.
Spatio-Temporal Fading Scheme for Error Concealment in Block-Based Video Decoding Systems (2006)

In this contribution we propose a new spatio-temporal fading scheme for block loss recovery in block-based video decoding systems. Based on a boundary error criterion obtained from temporal error concealment, either spatial, temporal, or fading of both methods is used for recovering lost image samples in one macroblock. The weights for fading are interpolated from the boundary error. A weighted absolute difference between well received macroblock boundary samples from the current frame and motion compensated macroblock boundary samples from the previous frame represents the boundary error. It is shown, that in case of transmission errors this method can successfully be used for block loss recovery.
A Potential Field-Based Model Predictive Path-Planning Controller for Autonomous Road Vehicles (2016)

Artificial potential fields and optimal controllers are two common methods for path planning of autonomous vehicles. An artificial potential field method is capable of assigning different potential functions to different types of obstacles and road structures and plans the path based on these potential functions. It does not, however, include the vehicle dynamics in the path-planning process. On the other hand, an optimal path-planning controller integrated with vehicle dynamics plans an optimal feasible path that guarantees vehicle stability in following the path. In this method, the obstacles and road boundaries are usually included in the optimal control problem as constraints and not with any arbitrary function. A model predictive path-planning controller is introduced in this paper such that its objective includes potential functions along with the vehicle dynamics terms. Therefore, the path-planning system is capable of treating different obstacles and road structures distinctly while planning the optimal path utilizing vehicle dynamics. The path-planning controller is modeled and simulated on a CarSim vehicle model for some complicated test scenarios. The results show that, with this path-planning controller, the vehicle avoids the obstacles and observes road regulations with appropriate vehicle dynamics. Moreover, since the obstacles and road regulations can be defined with different functions, the path-planning system plans paths corresponding to their importance and priorities.
Increased Activity of the Vacuolar Monosaccharide Transporter TMT1 Alters Cellular Sugar Partitioning, Sugar Signaling, and Seed Yield in Arabidopsis (2010)

The extent to which vacuolar sugar transport activity affects molecular, cellular, and developmental processes in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) is unknown. Electrophysiological analysis revealed that overexpression of the tonoplast monosaccharide transporter TMT1 in a tmt1-2::tDNA mutant led to increased proton-coupled monosaccharide import into isolated mesophyll vacuoles in comparison with wild-type vacuoles. TMT1 overexpressor mutants grew faster than wild-type plants on soil and in high-glucose (Glc)-containing liquid medium. These effects were correlated with increased vacuolar monosaccharide compartmentation, as revealed by nonaqueous fractionation and by chlorophyll(ab)-binding protein1 and nitrate reductase1 gene expression studies. Soil-grown TMT1 overexpressor plants respired less Glc than wild-type plants and only about half the amount of Glc respired by tmt1-2::tDNA mutants. In sum, these data show that TMT activity in wild-type plants limits vacuolar monosaccharide loading. Remarkably, TMT1 overexpressor mutants produced larger seeds and greater total seed yield, which was associated with increased lipid and protein content. These changes in seed properties were correlated with slightly decreased nocturnal CO(2) release and increased sugar export rates from detached source leaves. The SUC2 gene, which codes for a sucrose transporter that may be critical for phloem loading in leaves, has been identified as Glc repressed. Thus, the observation that SUC2 mRNA increased slightly in TMT1 overexpressor leaves, characterized by lowered cytosolic Glc levels than wild-type leaves, provided further evidence of a stimulated source capacity. In summary, increased TMT activity in Arabidopsis induced modified subcellular sugar compartmentation, altered cellular sugar sensing, affected assimilate allocation, increased the biomass of Arabidopsis seeds, and accelerated early plant development.
Psychometric evaluation of self-report outcome measures for prosthetic applications (2016)

Documentation of clinical outcomes is increasingly expected in delivery of prosthetic services and devices. However, many outcome measures suitable for use in clinical care and research have not been psychometrically tested with prosthesis users. The aim of this study was to determine test-retest reliability, mode-of-administration (MoA) equivalence, standard error of measurement (SEM), and minimal detectable change (MDC) of standardized, self-report instruments that assess constructs of importance to people with lower limb loss. Prosthesis users (n = 201) were randomly assigned to groups based on MoA (i.e., paper, electronic, or mixed-mode). Participants completed two surveys 2 to 3 d apart. Instruments included the Prosthetic Limb Users Survey of Mobility, Prosthesis Evaluation Questionnaire-Mobility Subscale, Activities-Specific Balance Confidence Scale, Quality of Life in Neurological Conditions-Applied Cognition/General Concerns, Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Profile, and Socket Comfort Score. Intraclass correlation coefficients indicated all instruments are appropriate for group-level comparisons and select instruments are suitable for individual-level applications. Several instruments showed evidence of possible floor and ceiling effects. All were equivalent across MoAs. SEM and MDC were quantified to facilitate interpretation of outcomes and change scores. These results can enhance clinicians' and researchers' ability to select, apply, and interpret scores from instruments administered to prosthesis users.
Location of eight ribosomal proteins on the surface of the 50S subunit from Escherichia coli. (1983)

Eight ribosomal proteins, L9, L11, L15, L17, L18, L19, L23, and L29, have been localized on the surface of the 50S subunit from Escherichia coli by immunoelectron microscopy. The specificity of the antibody binding site was demonstrated by stringent absorption experiments. For each protein, the antibody attachment site was localized on the two characteristic views of the 50S subunit. Thus, each protein could be located in a confined region on the three-dimensional structural model of the 50S subunit.
Identification of Morpholino-2H-pyrido[3,2-b][1,4]oxazin-3(4H)-ones as Nonsteroidal Mineralocorticoid Antagonists (2018)

A novel series of morpholine-based nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists is reported. Starting from a pyrrolidine HTS hit 9 that possessed modest potency but excellect selectivity versus related nuclear hormone receptors, a series of libraries led to identification of morpholine lead 10. After further optimization, cis disubstituted morpholine 22 was discovered, which showed a 45-fold boost in binding affinity and corresponding functional potency compared to 13. While 22 had high clearance in rat, it provided sufficient exposure at high doses to favorably assess in vivo efficacy (increased urinary Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup> ratio) and safety. In contrast to rat, the dog and human MetID and PK profiles of 22 were adequate, suggesting that it could be suitable as a potential clinical asset.
Optimizing boron junctions through point defect and stress engineering using carbon and germanium co-implants (2005)

We report the fabrication of p+∕n junctions using Ge+, C+, and B+ co-implantation and a spike anneal. The best junction exhibits a depth of 26nm, vertical abruptness of 3nm∕decade, and sheet resistance of 520Ohm∕square. The junction location is defined by where the boron concentration drops to 1018cm−3. These junctions are close to the International Technology Roadmap specifications for the 65nm technology node and are achieved by careful engineering of amorphization, stresses, and point defects. Advanced simulation of boron diffusion is used to understand and optimize the process window. The simulations show that the optimum process completely suppresses the transient-enhanced diffusion of boron and the formation of boron-interstitial clusters. This increases the boron solubility to 20% above the equilibrium solid-state solubility.
Identification of Different Classes of Luminal Progenitor Cells within Prostate Tumors (2015)

Primary prostate cancer almost always has a luminal phenotype. However, little is known about the stem/progenitor properties of transformed cells within tumors. Using the aggressive Pten/Tp53-null mouse model of prostate cancer, we show that two classes of luminal progenitors exist within a tumor. Not only did tumors contain previously described multipotent progenitors, but also a major population of committed luminal progenitors. Luminal cells, sorted directly from tumors or grown as organoids, initiated tumors of adenocarcinoma or multilineage histological phenotypes, which is consistent with luminal and multipotent differentiation potentials, respectively. Moreover, using organoids we show that the ability of luminal-committed progenitors to self-renew is a tumor-specific property, absent in benign luminal cells. Finally, a significant fraction of luminal progenitors survived in vivo castration. In all, these data reveal two luminal tumor populations with different stem/progenitor cell capacities, providing insight into prostate cancer cells that initiate tumors and can influence treatment response.
Citrullination Alters Immunomodulatory Function of LL-37 Essential for Prevention of Endotoxin-Induced Sepsis (2014)

Cathelicidin LL-37 plays an essential role in innate immunity by killing invading microorganisms and regulating the inflammatory response. These activities depend on the cationic character of the peptide, which is conferred by arginine and lysine residues. At inflammatory foci in vivo, LL-37 is exposed to peptidyl arginine deiminase (PAD), an enzyme released by inflammatory cells. Therefore, we hypothesized that PAD-mediated citrullination of the arginine residues within LL-37 will abrogate its immunomodulatory functions. We found that, when citrullinated, LL-37 was at least 40 times less efficient at neutralizing the proinflammatory activity of LPS due to a marked decrease in its affinity for endotoxin. Also, the ability of citrullinated LL-37 to quench macrophage responses to lipoteichoic acid and poly(I:C) signaling via TLR2 and TLR3, respectively, was significantly reduced. Furthermore, in stark contrast to native LL-37, the modified peptide completely lost the ability to prevent morbidity and mortality in a mouse model of d-galactosamine-sensitized endotoxin shock. In fact, administration of citrullinated LL-37 plus endotoxin actually exacerbated sepsis due to the inability of LL-37 to neutralize LPS and the subsequent enhancement of systemic inflammation due to increased serum levels of IL-6. Importantly, serum from septic mice showed increased PAD activity, which strongly correlated with the level of citrullination, indicating that PAD-driven protein modification occurs in vivo. Because LL-37 is a potential treatment for sepsis, its administration should be preceded by a careful analysis to ensure that the citrullinated peptide is not generated in treated patients.
IL-37 Causes Excessive Inflammation and Tissue Damage in Murine Pneumococcal Pneumonia (2017)

Streptococcus pneumoniae infections can lead to severe complications with excessive immune activation and tissue damage. Interleukin-37 (IL-37) has gained importance as a suppressor of innate and acquired immunity, and its effects have been therapeutic as they prevent tissue damage in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. By using RAW macrophages, stably transfected with human IL-37, we showed a 70% decrease in the cytokine levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β, and a 2.2-fold reduction of the intracellular killing capacity of internalized pneumococci in response to pneumococcal infection. In a murine model of infection with S. pneumoniae, using mice transgenic for human IL-37b (IL-37tg), we observed an initial decrease in cytokine expression of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β in the lungs, followed by a late-phase enhancement of pneumococcal burden and subsequent increase of proinflammatory cytokine levels. Additionally, a marked increase in recruitment of alveolar macrophages and neutrophils was noted, while TRAIL mRNA was reduced 3-fold in lungs of IL-37tg mice, resulting in necrotizing pneumonia with augmented death of infiltrating neutrophils, enhanced bacteremic spread, and increased mortality. In conclusion, we have identified that IL-37 modulates several core components of a successful inflammatory response to pneumococcal pneumonia, which lead to increased inflammation, tissue damage, and mortality.
Association between the Perfusion/Diffusion and Diffusion/FLAIR Mismatch: Data from the AXIS2 Trial (2015)

The perfusion-/diffusion-weighted imaging (PWI/DWI) mismatch and the diffusion/fluid attenuated inversion recovery (DWI/FLAIR) mismatch are magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) markers of evolving brain ischemia. We examined whether the DWI/FLAIR mismatch was independently associated with the PWI/DWI mismatch. Furthermore, we determined whether the presence of the DWI/FLAIR mismatch in patients with the PWI/DWI mismatch would provide additional information regarding last seen normal time (LTM). We used data from the 'AX200 for ischemic stroke' trial (AXIS 2 study NCT00927836). We studied the association between the presence of the DWI/FLAIR and PWI/DWI mismatch, baseline National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), age, ischemic-core volume, gender, intravenous (IV) tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), and perfusion-mismatch volume in univariate analysis. Significant variables (P<0.05) were added into the final multivariate model. We analyzed 197 patients. Seventy-two (37%) had both the PWI/DWI and the DWI/FLAIR mismatch. Patients with the double mismatch pattern had a shorter LTM than patients with the PWI/DWI mismatch alone (Median difference 90 minutes, P<0.01). Multivariate analysis confirmed the independent association between the two mismatch patterns (odds ratio (OR) 2.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2 to 5.4). Our study implies that the DWI/FLAIR mismatch and PWI/DWI mismatch are strongly associated, independent from LTM. Furthermore, in the presence of the PWI/DWI mismatch, the DWI/FLAIR pattern indicates a shorter LTM. This could have implications in selecting patients for reperfusion therapy.
Characterization of nuclear protein binding to the interferon‐γ promoter in quiescent and activated human T cells (1992)

Nuclear protein binding to the human interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) promoter was investigated to determine the structural basis for the control of gene expression during T cell activation. DNase I footprinting of gel-shift complexes demonstrated that proteins bind to two downstream (-124 to -114 and -36 to -30) and one upstream (-534 to -486) element in the IFN-gamma gene promoter. Treatment of human peripheral blood lymphocytes or continuous T cell tumors with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) plus phytohemagglutinin or calcium ionophore results in a pattern of response that is similar when using either the upstream or downstream elements. Upon induction of T cells, the lower mobility gel-shift band disappears. Yet the equivalent band which is also present in non-T cells is unperturbed after PMA + calcium ionophore treatment. The higher mobility band which is modified upon induction is restricted to the T cell lineage. Upstream and downstream elements share similar protein-binding motifs as indicated by the homology of footprinted sequences, the similarity of protein-binding patterns, and the ability of these elements to compete against each other in gel-shift protein-binding assays. Protein binding to the downstream elements appears to be interactive, since both sites are required for complex formation. When either of the two downstream elements is disrupted by site-directed mutagenesis, the higher mobility gel-shift band is diminished by an amount that is consistent with the reduction in reporter (chloramphenicol acetyltransferase) gene expression. Therefore, proteins in the ubiquitous gel-shift band appear to be associated with the inactive state of IFN-gamma, while the modified band is closely associated with the positive regulation of IFN-gamma gene expression.
Searching very large routing tables in fast SRAM (2002)

The balanced routing table search (BaRTs) scheme is a novel method for searching large routing tables at OC-192 and OC-768 speeds. The scheme employs a compression technique that leaves all prefix information intact and creates a stand-alone data structure that can be incrementally updated. Performance-critical parts of the update operation are suitable for hardware implementation, enabling update rates beyond several hundred thousand per second. Simulations with actual routing tables have shown that BaRTs supports a routing table with 36,292 entries in only 292 KB of storage, a table with 72,825 entries in 555 KB, and a future table with 500,000 entries is estimated to fit in 3.7 MB.
Universal Compact Model for Thin-Film Transistors and Circuit Simulation for Low-Cost Flexible Large Area Electronics (2017)

Thin-film transistors (TFT) in hydrogenated amorphous silicon, amorphous metal oxide, and small molecule and polymer organic semiconductors would all hold promise as potential device candidates to large area flexible electronics applications. A universal compact dc model was developed with a proper balance between the physical and mathematical approaches for these thin-film transistors (TFTs). It can capture the common key parameters used for device performance benchmarking of the different TFTs while being applicable to a wide range of TFT technologies in different materials and device structures. Based on this model, a user-friendly tool was developed to provide an interactive way for convenient parameter extraction. The model is continuous from the off-state and subthreshold regimes to the above-threshold regime, avoiding the convergence problems when being used in SPICE circuit simulations. Finally, for verification, it was implemented into a SPICE circuit simulator using Verilog-A to simulate a TFT circuit example with the simulated results agreeing verywell with the experimental measurements.
MAIDS Study Language Processing Technology. (1972)

Abstract : This report contains an analysis of the current state of language processing technology. This analysis points out the significant technological gaps relating to MAIDS (Multipurpose Automatic Inspection and Diagnostic Systems) Information Dynamics and explores the relevant problem areas in some detail. The emphasis is on compiler technology as opposed to technology relevant to interpreters or macro processors since compilers are the principal kind of language processor to be used in the MAIDS Information Dynamics Subsystem. The analysis is devoted to discussion of the current state of compiler technology, the use of cross-compilers, the special problems which arise when the use of cross-compilers is integral to a system concept, the techniques for transferring language processors from one machine to another, and the relevance of current extensible language research to the MAIDS Information Dynamics Subsystem (MIDS). (Author)
Supplementary Figure Legends 1-2 from The Dendritic Cell–like Functions of IFN-Producing Killer Dendritic Cells Reside in the CD11b<sup>+</sup> Subset and Are Licensed by Tumor Cells (2023)

Supplementary Figure Legends 1-2 from The Dendritic Cell–like Functions of IFN-Producing Killer Dendritic Cells Reside in the CD11b&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; Subset and Are Licensed by Tumor Cells
Synthesis of Ultra-Long Super-Aligned Double-Walled Carbon Nanotube Forests (2011)

The pre-treatment (catalyst reduction with H2) time effect on the carbon nanotube (CNT) growth is reported. The total CNT height, the initial growth rate, the diameter, the number of walls, and the alignment in the CNT forests change with the catalyst reduction time. Densely packed, vertically super-aligned, double-walled CNT (DWCNT) forests with 9 mm height were synthesized in 10 hrs. We find that the density and the size of catalysts plays an important role in the alignment of the DWCNT forests, which is evidenced by atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Raman spectroscopy.
Novel three-phase Y-rectifier cyclic 2 out of 3 DC output voltage balancing (2007)

A three-phase Y-rectifier is formed by the star connection of single-phase unity power factor rectifier systems and represents a highly interesting concept for the realisation of the input stage of high-power telecommunications power supply modules using established single-phase technology. However, for stable operation, control and balancing of the independent DC output voltages of the phase rectifier systems is required. A novel, easy to implement DC output voltage control concept is proposed in this paper. There, the mean value of all three DC output voltages is controlled and, in addition, always 2 out of the 3 DC voltages are compared and balanced. The basic operating principle of the control is described and the theoretical limit for the admissible asymmetric loading of the DC voltages is calculated. Finally, the theoretical considerations are verified by measurements on a 3times1 kW Y-rectifier prototype.