gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diketopyrrolopyrrole-based copolymers bearing highly π-extended donating units and their thin-film transistors and photovoltaic cells (2014)

New DPP-based conjugated polymers containing long conjugated donor monomers were synthesized to investigate device performance in thin-film transistors and photovoltaic cells.
Electromigration for microarchitects (2010)

Degradation of devices has become a major issue for processor design due to continuous device shrinkage and current density increase. Transistors and wires suffer high stress, and failures may appear in the field. In particular, wires degrade mainly due to electromigration when driving current. Techniques to mitigate electromigration to some extent have been proposed from the circuit point of view, but much effort is still required from the microarchitecture side to enable wire scaling in future technologies. This survey brings to the microarchitecture community a comprehensive study of the causes and implications of electromigration in digital circuits and describes the challenges that must be faced to mitigate electromigration by means of microarchitectural solutions.
Stable and Discriminatory Radiomic Features from the Tumor and Its Habitat Associated with Progression-Free Survival in Glioblastoma: A Multi-Institutional Study (2022)

Incorporating stable and discriminatory radiomic features extracted from tumors and associated habitats across multisite MR imaging sequences may yield robust prognostic classifiers of patient survival in glioblastoma tumors.
Selective Monoarylation of Acetate Esters and Aryl Methyl Ketones Using Aryl Chlorides (2009)

Simple, efficient procedures for the monoarylation of acetate esters and aryl methyl ketones using aryl chlorides are presented. Previously, no general method was available to ensure the highly selective monoarylation of these classes of substrates using aryl chlorides. Using palladium precatalysts recently reported by our group, these reactions are easily accomplished under mild conditions that tolerate a wide array of heterocyclic substrates.
N-glycosylation in non-invasive and invasive intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (2023)

Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs), often found incidentally, are potentially malignant cystic tumors of the pancreas. Due to the precancerous nature, IPMNs lacking malignant features should be kept on surveillance. The follow-up relies on magnetic resonance imaging, which has a limited accuracy to define the high-risk patients. New diagnostic methods are thus needed to recognize IPMNs with malignant potential. Here, aberrantly expressed glycans constitute a promising new area of research. We compared the N-glycan profiles of non-invasive IPMN tissues (n = 10) and invasive IPMN tissues (n = 10) to those of non-neoplastic pancreatic controls (n = 5) by matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. Both IPMN subgroups showed increased abundance of neutral composition H4N4 and decrease in H3N5F1, increase in sialylation, and decrease in sulfation, as compared to the controls. Furthermore, invasive IPMN showed an increase in terminal N-acetylhexosamine containing structure H4N5, and increase in acidic complex-type glycans, but decrease in their complex fucosylation and sulfation, as compared to the controls. In conclusion, the N-glycan profiles differed between healthy pancreatic tissue and non-invasive and invasive IPMNs. The unique glycans expressed in invasive IPMNs may offer interesting new options for diagnostics.
First international workshop on social media engagement (SoME 2011) (2011)

The first international workshop on Social Media Engagement was held on March 29, 2011 in conjunction with the International World Wide Web Conference (WWW 20112) in Hyderabad, India. The goal of the workshop was to encourage interdisciplinary discussion and sharing of ideas and research results on social media engagement. A particular focus was on discussing research challenges to devise engagement metrics, to develop methodologies, and to understand how different technical approaches can be used to enhance our understanding of user behavior in social media.
Acemetacin cocrystals and salts: structure solution from powder X-ray data and form selection of the piperazine salt (2014)

Acemetacin (ACM) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), which causes reduced gastric damage compared with indomethacin. However, acemetacin has a tendency to form a less soluble hydrate in the aqueous medium. We noted difficulties in the preparation of cocrystals and salts of acemetacin by mechanochemical methods, because this drug tends to form a hydrate during any kind of solution-based processing. With the objective to discover a solid form of acemetacin that is stable in the aqueous medium, binary adducts were prepared by the melt method to avoid hydration. The coformers/salt formers reported are pyridine carboxamides [nicotinamide (NAM), isonicotinamide (INA), and picolinamide (PAM)], caprolactam (CPR), p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), and piperazine (PPZ). The structures of an ACM-INA cocrystal and a binary adduct ACM-PABA were solved using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Other ACM cocrystals, ACM-PAM and ACM-CPR, and the piperazine salt ACM-PPZ were solved from high-resolution powder X-ray diffraction data. The ACM-INA cocrystal is sustained by the acid⋯pyridine heterosynthon and N-H⋯O catemer hydrogen bonds involving the amide group. The acid⋯amide heterosynthon is present in the ACM-PAM cocrystal, while ACM-CPR contains carboxamide dimers of caprolactam along with acid-carbonyl (ACM) hydrogen bonds. The cocrystals ACM-INA, ACM-PAM and ACM-CPR are three-dimensional isostructural. The carboxyl⋯carboxyl synthon in ACM-PABA posed difficulty in assigning the position of the H atom, which may indicate proton disorder. In terms of stability, the salts were found to be relatively stable in pH 7 buffer medium over 24 h, but the cocrystals dissociated to give ACM hydrate during the same time period. The ACM-PPZ salt and ACM-nicotinamide cocrystal dissolve five times faster than the stable hydrate form, whereas the ACM-PABA adduct has 2.5 times faster dissolution rate. The pharmaceutically acceptable piperazine salt of acemetacin exhibits superior stability, faster dissolution rate and is able to overcome the hydration tendency of the reference drug.
Transient Heat Conduction in a Thin Layer Between Semi-Infinite Media in Polymer Shaping (2017)

A series expansion and an approximation have been derived for the temperature in the general case of transient heat conduction in a thin layer with a surface heat flux between two semi-infinite media at different uniform initial temperatures. Their temperature accuracy has been evaluated for two test cases in the field of thermoplastic shaping of polymers. The series enables quick yet fairly accurate thermal analysis of compression molding (CM) and injection molding (IM) and its vitrification rate and of fused deposition modeling™ (FDM) and its bead welding and vitrification rate.
Figures S11-13 from Extracellular-Regulated Protein Kinase 5-Mediated Control of p21 Expression Promotes Macrophage Proliferation Associated with Tumor Growth and Metastasis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;These supplementary figures show the strategies utilized to analyze populations of circulating monocytes, and alveolar and interstitial macrophages in the lung of B16-F10-bearing mice by flow cytometry.&lt;/p&gt;
Abstract LB-243: Discovery of single amino acid changes that confer constitutive activation of mTOR in human cancer (2010)

Abstract Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a serine/threonine kinase that belongs to the PI3K related kinase family, plays critical roles in a variety of cellular processes including protein synthesis, growth, cell cycle and autophagy in response to growth factor, nutrient and energy conditions. Overactivation of the mTOR signaling is observed in a number of human cancer. Inhibitors of mTOR such as rapamycin and its derivatives are being evaluated in clinical trials. Despite these developments that point to the significance of mTOR in human cancer, no mutations in mTOR have so far been identified in human cancer. Here we report novel mTOR mutations identified in human cancer by mining human cancer genome database. Of 889 cancer samples mined, we identified 14 amino acid changes in mTOR. Characterization of the mTOR signaling after expressing some of these mutants led to the identification of two single amino acid changes (S2215Y and R2505P) that confer constitutive activation of mTOR as detected by the phosphorylation of S6K, 4E-BP1 and S6 under nutrient starvation conditions. The mutation directly affects mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1), as the complex isolated from cells expressing the mutant mTOR after nutrient starvation still retained the activity to phosphorylate 4E-BP1 in vitro. On the other hand, we did not observe significant effects on the activity of mTORC2. The cells expressing the mTOR mutant exhibited resistance to cell size decrease by amino acid starvation and showed increased percentage of S-phase cells. The cells expressing the activated mutant were resistance to 1-butanol treatment and partially resistant to hydrogen peroxide treatment. However, they were sensitive to rapamycin. The mutations are located within the kinase domain at positions that correspond to regions where oncogenic mutations of PI3 kinase were identified. It is interesting to point out that the mTOR S2215Y mutation was identified in large intestine adenocarcinoma together with K-rasG13D mutation, while the mTOR R2505P mutation was identified in renal cell carcinoma together with CDC25A F218I mutation, raising the possibility that the mTOR mutations may cooperate with mutations in other signaling proteins. Since “we are moving into an era in which it will be possible to obtain the complete DNA sequence of large numbers of cancer genomes” (Stratton et al., Nature 458, 719), our study points to the idea that mTOR activating mutations can be identified in a wide range of human cancer yielding valuable information on the significance of mTOR in human cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-243.
<title>Modeling a CMYK printer as an RGB printer</title> (2001)

In CMYK output devices, many colors are reproducible by more than one combination of CMYK colorants. When a CMYK device is modeled as an RGB device, each RGB combination must produce a unique CMYK combination. Under color removal (UCR) and gray component replacement (GCR) techniques have been traditionally used to calculate these unique combinations. These techniques are simple to implement, but cannot fully utilize the color gamut possible with the additional K colorant. Other brute-force techniques that search the entire CMYK signal space for desirable combinations produce good results but are unsuitable for real-time implementation. In this paper, we introduce a flexible computational structure for converting RGB or CMY signals to CMYK signals. This structure, which can be viewed as an extension of the traditional UCR and GCR techniques, uses multiple sets of 1-D CMYK lookup tables (LUTs) to control the CMYK colorant usage. The LUTs are strategically placed on the center diagonal and boundaries of the input signal cube. By properly designing these LUTs, we obtain a model for RGB-to-CMYK conversion that utilizes most of the available CMYK gamut and also corrects certain non-ideal device behaviors, such as hue shifts along lines from pure colors to black or white.
Multicell Interference Mitigation with Joint Beamforming and Common Message Decoding (2011)

Conventional wireless cellular systems treat out-of-cell interference as noise. This paper proposes methods and examines the benefit of designing decodable interference signals, whereby a transmitter may split its message into a common and a private part, and the common message may be decoded and subtracted by users in adjacent cells. This paper considers a downlink scenario, where the base-stations are equipped with multiple antennas, the mobile users are equipped with a single antenna, and multiple users are active simultaneously via spatial multiplexing. The network optimization problem consists of jointly determining the appropriate users in adjacent cells for rate splitting, the optimal transmit beamformers for common and private messages, and the optimal common-private rates to maximize the minimum achievable rate across the users. This paper shows that for fixed user selection and fixed common-private rate splitting, the optimization of transmit beamformers can be solved using a semidefinite programming (SDP) relaxation approach. Further, it is shown that for the case where the network consists of two message-splitting pairs, SDP relaxation is tight, i.e., beamforming is optimal. Finally, this paper proposes a heuristic user-selection and rate splitting strategy to characterize the performance improvement for cell-edge users due to common-message decoding.
Hydrogel Formation in Amphiphilic Triblock Copolypeptides (2006)

We report the synthesis of a variety of polylysine-b-polyleucine-b-polylysine, KmLnKo triblock copolypeptides and compare their gel forming properties to diblock copolypeptides. The architecture of the KmLnKo triblock copolypeptides forces the hydrophobic α-helical oligoleucine segments to pack perpendicular to extended fibrils in lamellar structure, and the similarity in properties between diblock and triblock copolymers supports the hypothesis that both systems assemble in a similar manner. The triblock architecture, however, allows preparation of samples with greater gel strength and better salt tolerance than diblock samples at similar concentrations. We have found that block architecture provides a means for fine adjustment of hydrogel properties beyond variation of polypeptide composition, concentration, and chain length.
Simulation Modeling and Performance Evaluation of Space Networks (2006)

In space exploration missions, the coordinated use of spacecraft as communication relays increases the efficiency of the endeavors. To conduct trade-off studies of the performance and resource usage of different communication protocols and network designs, JPL designed a comprehensive extendable tool, the Multi-mission Advanced Communications Hybrid Environment for Test and Evaluation (MACHETE). The design and development of MACHETE began in 2000 and is constantly evolving. Currently, MACHETE contains Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) protocol standards such as Proximity-1, Advanced Orbiting Systems (AOS), Packet Telemetry/Telecommand, Space Communications Protocol Specification (SCPS), and the CCSDS File Delivery Protocol (CFDP). MACHETE uses the Aerospace Corporation s Satellite Orbital Analysis Program (SOAP) to generate the orbital geometry information and contact opportunities. Matlab scripts provide the link characteristics. At the core of MACHETE is a discrete event simulator, QualNet. Delay Tolerant Networking (DTN) is an end-to-end architecture providing communication in and/or through highly stressed networking environments. Stressed networking environments include those with intermittent connectivity, large and/or variable delays, and high bit error rates. To provide its services, the DTN protocols reside at the application layer of the constituent internets, forming a store-and-forward overlay network. The key capabilities of the bundling protocols include custody-based reliability, ability to cope with intermittent connectivity, ability to take advantage of scheduled and opportunistic connectivity, and late binding of names to addresses. In this presentation, we report on the addition of MACHETE models needed to support DTN, namely: the Bundle Protocol (BP) model. To illustrate the use of MACHETE with the additional DTN model, we provide an example simulation to benchmark its performance. We demonstrate the use of the DTN protocol and discuss statistics gathered concerning the total time needed to simulate numerous bundle transmissions
Impact of Antiandrogen Treatment on the Fatty Acid Profile of Neutral Lipids in Human Meibomian Gland Secretions1 (2000)

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the use of antiandrogen medications is associated with significant alterations in the fatty acid (FA) profiles of neutral lipids in human meibomian gland secretions. Meibomian gland secretions were obtained from both eyes of patients receiving antiandrogen therapy and from age-related controls. Samples were processed for high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and an evaluation of the mass/charge ratios of neutral lipid FA. Our results demonstrate that antiandrogen therapy is associated with significant and consistent alterations in the mass/charge ratios of neutral lipid fractions of meibomian gland secretions. Patients taking antiandrogen medications had significant changes in the occurrence of numerous diglyceride, triglyceride, and wax/cholesterol ester FA products, compared with age-matched controls. Statistical analyses of data within groups demonstrated very high correlation coefficients, and cross-correlation analyses revealed characteristic shifts in FA patterns between groups. Our findings show that antiandrogen use is paralleled by significant changes in the FA profiles of neutral lipid fractions in meibomian gland secretions.
Femtosecond laser writing in lithium niobate (2016)

The fine morphology of infrared femtosecond laser-induced changes in bulk lithium niobate is closely analysed. Linearly polarized light can generally produce two or three axially separated modified regions containing polarization-dependent self-organized periodic nanostructures.
Modeling trichloroethene reduction in a hydrogen-based biofilm (2013)

We constructed a multispecies biofilm model for simultaneous reduction of trichloroethene (TCE) and nitrate (NO3(-)) in the biofilm of a H2-based membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR). The one-dimensional model includes dual-substrate Monod kinetics for a steady-state biofilm with multiple solid and dissolved components. The model has five solid components: autotrophic denitrifying bacteria (ADB), heterotrophic denitrifying bacteria (HDB), Dehalococcoides (DHC), inert biomass (IB), and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). The model has eight dissolved components: NO3(-), TCE, dichloroethene (DCE), vinyl chloride (VC), ethene, hydrogen (H2), substrate-utilization-associated products (UAP), and biomass-associated products (BAP). We used this model to simulate a bench-scale experiment in a H2-based MBfR. The model simulated the trends well: almost complete removal of nitrate, incomplete reduction of TCE, and almost no accumulation of DCE and VC. To gain insight into reductive dehalogenation in a H2-based MBfR, we also simulated the concentrations of nitrate, TCE, DCE, VC, and ethene in the reactor effluent while varying the influent nitrate concentration. Simultaneous low concentrations of nitrate and the three chlorinated ethenes can occur as long as the influent ratio of NO3(-) to TCE is not too large, so that DHC are a significant fraction of the biofilm.
Respiratory Mucosal Proteome Quantification in Human Influenza Infections (2016)

Respiratory influenza virus infections represent a serious threat to human health. Underlying medical conditions and genetic make-up predispose some influenza patients to more severe forms of disease. To date, only a few studies have been performed in patients to correlate a selected group of cytokines and chemokines with influenza infection. Therefore, we evaluated the potential of a novel multiplex micro-proteomics technology, SOMAscan, to quantify proteins in the respiratory mucosa of influenza A and B infected individuals. The analysis included but was not limited to quantification of cytokines and chemokines detected in previous studies. SOMAscan quantified more than 1,000 secreted proteins in small nasal wash volumes from infected and healthy individuals. Our results illustrate the utility of micro-proteomic technology for analysis of proteins in small volumes of respiratory mucosal samples. Furthermore, when we compared nasal wash samples from influenza-infected patients with viral load ≥ 2(8) and increased IL-6 and CXCL10 to healthy controls, we identified 162 differentially-expressed proteins between the two groups. This number greatly exceeds the number of DEPs identified in previous studies in human influenza patients. Most of the identified proteins were associated with the host immune response to infection, and changes in protein levels of 151 of the DEPs were significantly correlated with viral load. Most important, SOMAscan identified differentially expressed proteins heretofore not associated with respiratory influenza infection in humans. Our study is the first report for the use of SOMAscan to screen nasal secretions. It establishes a precedent for micro-proteomic quantification of proteins that reflect ongoing response to respiratory infection.
Supplementary Figure S3 from Dual HER2/PIK3CA Targeting Overcomes Single-Agent Acquired Resistance in HER2-Amplified Uterine Serous Carcinoma Cell Lines <i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i> (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Cell proliferation assay of USPC-ARK-1 cells exposed for 2 weeks as described in the method section to taselisib (A, upper panel) or neratinib (B, lower panel) and treated thereafter with neratinib, taselisib and the combination of both agents at the indicated concentration for 72 hrs. Cell viability was analyzed by flow cytometry and was normalized to the mean of the control group receiving no drug, so that all data were expressed as a proportion of the control. Data are expressed as mean {plus minus} SEM from two independent experiments. As shown in the upper panel, taselisib-resistant USPC-ARK-1 cells while resistant to the PI3K inihibitor remain sensitive to single agent neratinib and highly responsive to the drug combination. In contrast, as shown in the lower panel, in vitro-neratinib-resistant cells demonstrate resistance to both single agent neratinib and taselisib but remain highly sensitive to the exposure to the drug combination.&lt;/p&gt;
Associating disease-related genetic variants in intergenic regions to the genes they impact (2014)

We present a method to assist in interpretation of the functional impact of intergenic disease-associated SNPs that is not limited to search strategies proximal to the SNP. The method builds on two sources of external knowledge: the growing understanding of three-dimensional spatial relationships in the genome, and the substantial repository of information about relationships among genetic variants, genes, and diseases captured in the published biomedical literature. We integrate chromatin conformation capture data (HiC) with literature support to rank putative target genes of intergenic disease-associated SNPs. We demonstrate that this hybrid method outperforms a genomic distance baseline on a small test set of expression quantitative trait loci, as well as either method individually. In addition, we show the potential for this method to uncover relationships between intergenic SNPs and target genes across chromosomes. With more extensive chromatin conformation capture data becoming readily available, this method provides a way forward towards functional interpretation of SNPs in the context of the three dimensional structure of the genome in the nucleus.
Performance and Production of Micron‐Sized Spherical Powders for Display Applications (1999)

Abstract SMP is producing spherical, micron‐sized, controlled size distribution powders that can be deposited by conventional and advanced deposition techniques to produce densely packed powder layers. This presentation focuses on the production, deposition methods, characteristics and performance of these phosphor powders used in miniature CRT displays.