gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of methane ebullition from a peat monolith revealed from a dynamic flux chamber system (2014)

Methane (CH4) ebullition in northern peatlands is poorly quantified in part due to its high spatiotemporal variability. In this study, a dynamic flux chamber (DFC) system was used to continuously measure CH4 fluxes from a monolith of near‐surface Sphagnum peat at the laboratory scale to understand the complex behavior of CH4 ebullition. Coincident transmission ground penetrating radar measurements of gas content were also acquired at three depths within the monolith. A graphical method was developed to separate diffusion, steady ebullition, and episodic ebullition fluxes from the total CH4 flux recorded and to identify the timing and CH4 content of individual ebullition events. The results show that the application of the DFC had minimal disturbance on air‐peat CH4 exchange and estimated ebullition fluxes were not sensitive to the uncertainties associated with the graphical model. Steady and episodic ebullition fluxes were estimated to be averagely 36 ± 24% and 38 ± 24% of the total fluxes over the study period, respectively. The coupling between episodic CH4 ebullition and gas content within the three layers supports the existence of a threshold gas content regulating CH4 ebullition. However, the threshold at which active ebullition commenced varied between peat layers with a larger threshold (0.14 m3 m−3) observed in the deeper layers, suggesting that the peat physical structure controls gas bubble dynamics in peat. Temperature variation (23°C to 27°C) was likely only responsible for small episodic ebullition events from the upper peat layer, while large ebullition events from the deeper layers were most likely triggered by drops in atmospheric pressure.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Combination of Two Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Receptor Inhibitory Antibodies Targeting Distinct Epitopes Leads to an Enhanced Antitumor Response (2023)

Supplementary Figure 3 from Combination of Two Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Receptor Inhibitory Antibodies Targeting Distinct Epitopes Leads to an Enhanced Antitumor Response
Pyomyositis of the Biceps Brachii in a Young Adult Male (2023)

Pyomyositis is a skeletal muscle infection mainly found in tropical regions. It commonly affects larger muscles, especially those of the hips. MRI tends to be the gold standard for diagnosis. <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> remains the predominant causal organism in most cases of pyomyositis. Immunocompromised patients are more likely to be susceptible to this infection. In our case, an immunocompetent 27-year-old male in rural southwest Virginia was found to have a large abscess in his upper arm. Contrast-enhanced CT scan was acquired prior to drainage, leading to the diagnosis of pyomyositis. Empiric treatment with IV vancomycin 1 g q 24 hours and piperacillin/tazobactam 3.375 mg q 8 hours, prompt incision and drainage, and negative pressure wound VAC led to a complete resolution of the infection.
Performance of an intramuscular electrode during functional neuromuscular stimulation for gait training post stroke. (2002)

The goal of rehabilitation for stroke patients in this research was to improve the volitional coordination of the swing phase and stance phases of gait. Functional neuromuscular stimulation (FNS) is a promising rehabilitation tool for restoring motor control. For our gait training protocols, FNS systems with surface electrodes were impractical. For the rehabilitation protocols that we defined, available implantable electrode designs did not meet desired criteria regarding fracture rate, invasiveness of placement procedures, and maintenance of position at the motor point. The criteria for the new intramuscular (IM) electrode design included minimally invasive electrode placement technique, accurate placement of electrodes, good muscle selectivity, consistency of muscle activation, good position maintenance of the electrode at the motor point, comfortable stimulus, and practical donning time for the system. A percutaneous electrode was designed for placement beneath the skin at the motor point of seven paralyzed or paretic muscles in the lower limb. A single-helical coil lead, a double-helical coil electrode, and fine wire barbs were design features that enhanced the anchoring capability of the electrode. A polypropylene core enhanced electrode durability. Implantation tools were custom-designed to enable accurate electrode placement without incision. We studied 17 subjects with a total of 124 electrodes. With the use of IM electrodes, FNS was provided for 1,413.8 electrode months. During this time, no instances of infection occurred. The measure of electrode integrity showed a 99% electrode survival rate. Throughout the treatment protocols, 93% of the electrodes delivered a good muscle response; 7% (nine electrodes) moved from the motor point and delivered a poor muscle response during the treatment protocol. Anchoring performance was higher for electrodes implanted in muscles that moved the hip (96.0%) and ankle joints (97.45%) compared with electrodes implanted in muscles that moved the knee joint (88.5%). Ninety-seven percent of the electrodes delivered a comfortable stimulus. Three percent delivered a stimulus that was uncomfortable at therapeutic levels and therefore were not used. We achieved gains in subject impairment and disability measures. The system proved to be practical for use in both clinical and home environments.
RNF185 control of COL3A1 expression limits prostate cancer migration and metastatic potential (2023)

RNF185 is a RING finger domain-containing ubiquitin ligase implicated in ER-associated degradation. Prostate tumor patient data analysis revealed a negative correlation between RNF185 expression and prostate cancer progression and metastasis. Likewise, several prostate cancer cell lines exhibited greater migration and invasion capabilities in culture upon RNF185 depletion. Subcutaneous inoculation of mouse prostate cancer MPC3 cells stably expressing shRNA against RNF185 into mice resulted in larger tumors and more frequent lung metastases. RNA-sequencing and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis identified wound healing and cellular movement among the most significant pathways upregulated in RNF185-depleted, compared to control prostate cancer cells. Gene Set Enrichment Analyses performed in samples from patients harboring low RNF185 expression and in RNF185-depleted lines confirmed the deregulation of genes implicated in EMT. Among those, COL3A1 was identified as the primary mediator of RNF185's ability to impact migration phenotypes. Correspondingly, enhanced migration and metastasis of RNF185 KD prostate cancer cells were attenuated upon co-inhibition of COL3A1. Our results identify RNF185 as a gatekeeper of prostate cancer metastasis, partly <i>via</i> its control of COL3A1 availability.
Trichlorosilane‐Mediated Stereoselective Reduction of C=N Bonds (2010)

Abstract The reduction of C=N bonds represents a powerful and widely used transformation allowing new nitrogen‐containing stereocenters to be generated. Chiral amino groups are ubiquitous in a variety of bioactive molecules such as alkaloids, natural products, drugs, and medical agents, so the development of a catalytic stereoselective process for the preparation of enantiomerically enriched amines through ketoimine reduction is attracting increasing interest, especially in view of future industrial applications. Great efforts to develop efficient organocatalytic methods to perform enantioselective imine reductions and reductive amination processes have recently been made. In the last few years, trichlorosilane‐mediated reductions have received constantly increasing attention because the potential to generate chiral catalysts for imine reduction simply by coordination of HSiCl 3 with a chiral Lewis base has allowed the development of several efficient organocatalytic systems. Here we offer a complete overview of different chiral promoters of stereoselective reductions with trichlorosilane, classified as N‐formyl derivatives , which may be considered historically the first class of compounds developed as chiral activators of trichlorosilane, picolinamide derivatives , and miscellaneous compounds presented in that order.
Video 5 from <i>In Vivo</i> Fluorescence Imaging of the Activity of CEA TCB, a Novel T-Cell Bispecific Antibody, Reveals Highly Specific Tumor Targeting and Fast Induction of T-Cell–Mediated Tumor Killing (2023)

&lt;p&gt;2P time-lapse acquisition of LS174T / human PBMC cografts on day 4 after implantation (baseline), 24 h after control and 24 h after CEA TCB treatment. LS174T RFP tumor cells (red), CFSE labeled T-cells (green). Scale bar indicates 50 ÃŽÂ¼m.&lt;/p&gt;
Molecular imaging of orthotopic prostate cancer with nanobubble ultrasound contrast agents targeted to PSMA (2021)

Ultrasound imaging is routinely used to guide prostate biopsies, yet delineation of tumors within the prostate gland is extremely challenging, even with microbubble (MB) contrast. A more effective ultrasound protocol is needed that can effectively localize malignancies for targeted biopsy or aid in patient selection and treatment planning for organ-sparing focal therapy. This study focused on evaluating the application of a novel nanobubble ultrasound contrast agent targeted to the prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA-targeted NBs) in ultrasound imaging of prostate cancer (PCa) in vivo using a clinically relevant orthotopic tumor model in nude mice. Our results demonstrated that PSMA-targeted NBs had increased extravasation and retention in PSMA-expressing orthotopic mouse tumors. These processes are reflected in significantly different time intensity curve (TIC) and several kinetic parameters for targeted versus non-targeted NBs or LUMASON MBs. These, may in turn, lead to improved image-based detection and diagnosis of PCa in the future.
Low-Shot Learning for the Semantic Segmentation of Remote Sensing Imagery (2018)

Recent advances in computer vision using deep learning with RGB imagery (e.g., object recognition and detection) have been made possible thanks to the development of large annotated RGB image datasets. In contrast, multispectral image (MSI) and hyperspectral image (HSI) datasets contain far fewer labeled images, in part due to the wide variety of sensors used. These annotations are especially limited for semantic segmentation, or pixel-wise classification, of remote sensing imagery because it is labor intensive to generate image annotations. Low-shot learning algorithms can make effective inferences despite smaller amounts of annotated data. In this paper, we study low-shot learning using self-taught feature learning for semantic segmentation. We introduce 1) an improved self-taught feature learning framework for HSI and MSI data and 2) a semi-supervised classification algorithm. When these are combined, they achieve state-of-the-art performance on remote sensing datasets that have little annotated training data available. These low-shot learning frameworks will reduce the manual image annotation burden and improve semantic segmentation performance for remote sensing imagery.
Transport of Fast Notification Messages (2013)

This document specifies mechanisms for fast and light-weight
dissemination of event notifications. The purpose is to enable
dataplane dissemination of Fast Notifications (FNs). The draft
discusses the design goals, the message container and options for
delivering the notifications to all routers within a routing area.
ANALYZING THE REAL-TIME PROPERTIES OF A U.S. NAVY SIGNAL PROCESSING SYSTEM (2001)

The state of the art in verifying the real-time requirements of applications developed using general processing graph models relies on simulation or off-line scheduling. We extend the state of the art by presenting analytical methods that support the analysis of cyclic processing graphs executed with on-line schedulers. We show that it is possible to compute the latency inherent in a processing graph independent of the hardware hosting the application. We also show how to compute the real-time execution rate of each node in the graph. Using the execution rate of each node and the time it takes per execution on a given processor, the resulting CPU utilization can be computed, as shown here for the Directed Low Frequency Analysis and Recording (DIFAR) acoustic signal processing application from the Airborne Low Frequency Sonar (ALFS) system of the SH-60B LAMPS MK III anti-submarine helicopter.
Capacitive power transfer for contactless charging (2011)

The simplicity and low cost of capacitive interfaces makes them very attractive for wireless charging stations. Major benefits include low electromagnetic radiation and the amenability of combined power and data transfer over the same interface. We present a capacitive power transfer circuit using series resonance that enables efficient high frequency, moderate voltage operation through soft-switching. An included analysis predicts fundamental limitations on the maximum achievable efficiency for a given amount of coupling capacitance and is used to find the optimum circuit component values and operating point. Automatic tuning loops ensure the circuit operates at the optimum frequency and maximum efficiency over a wide range of coupling capacitance and load conditions. An example interface achieves near 80% efficiency at 3.7 W with only 63pF of coupling capacitance. An automatic tuning loop adjusts the frequency from 4.2 MHz down to 4MHz to allow for 25% variation in the nominal coupling capacitance. The duty cycle is also automatically adjusted to maintain over 70% efficiency for light loads down to 0.3 W.
A Metric for Quantifying Key Exposure Vulnerability in Wireless Sensor Networks (2010)

Wireless sensor networks are often used in applications where message confidentiality, integrity, and authentication are required. Cryptography is a common mechanism for meeting these security requirements. The use of cryptography requires that nodes share secret keys, which are typically assigned to each node according to key distribution schemes. Given a key distribution, there is currently no design metric for evaluating vulnerability to key exposure. In this work, we introduce a metric for analyzing and comparing the resilience of key distributions by introducing the concept of a Link Key Security Metric (LKSM). We define the properties needed in an LKSM and provide a metric that satisfies them.
Controlling the Photon Number Coherence of Solid-state Quantum Light Sources for Quantum Cryptography (2023)

Quantum communication networks rely on quantum cryptographic protocols including quantum key distribution (QKD) using single photons. A critical element regarding the security of QKD protocols is the photon number coherence (PNC), i.e. the phase relation between the zero and one-photon Fock state, which critically depends on the excitation scheme. Thus, to obtain flying qubits with the desired properties, optimal pumping schemes for quantum emitters need to be selected. Semiconductor quantum dots generate on-demand single photons with high purity and indistinguishability. Exploiting two-photon excitation of a quantum dot combined with a stimulation pulse, we demonstrate the generation of high-quality single photons with a controllable degree of PNC. Our approach provides a viable route toward secure communication in quantum networks.
Automated specific IgE assay with recombinant allergens: evaluation of the recombinant Aspergillus fumigatus allergen I in the Pharmacia CAP System (1996)

The data show that rAsp f I can be used as immobilized allergen in the Pharmacia CAP System indicating the feasibility of using recombinant allergens for an automated serological diagnosis of allergic diseases. However, every recombinant allergen needs to be evaluated individually for its performance if applied to a new diagnostic technology.
Transglutaminase-catalyzed reaction is important for molting of Onchocerca volvulus third-stage larvae (1995)

Highly insoluble proteins, which are probably cross-linked, are common in the cuticle and epicuticle of filarial parasites and other nematode species. We have investigated the possible involvement of transglutaminase (TGase)-catalyzed reactions in the development of Onchocerca volvulus fourth-stage larvae (L4) by testing the effects of TGase inhibitors on the survival of third-stage larvae (L3) and the molting of L3 to L4 in vitro. The larvae were cultured in the presence of three specific TGase inhibitors: monodansylcadaverine, cystamine, and N-benzyloxycarbonyl-D,L-beta-(3-bromo-4,5-dihydroisoxazol-5-yl)-al anine benzylamide. None of the inhibitors reduced the viability of either L3 or L4. However, the inhibitors reduced, in a time- and dose-dependent manner, the number of L3 that molted to L4 in vitro. Molting was completely inhibited in the presence of 100 to 200 microM inhibitors. Ultrastructural examination of L3 that did not molt in the presence of monodansylcadaverine or cystamine indicated that the new L4 cuticle was synthesized, but there was an incomplete separation between the L3 cuticle and the L4 epicuticle. The product of the TGase-catalyzed reaction was localized in molting L3 to cuticle regions where the separation between the old and new cuticles occurs and in the amphids of L3 by a monoclonal antibody that reacts specifically with the isopeptide epsilon-(gamma-glutamyl)lysine. These studies suggest that molting and successful development of L4 also depends on TGase-catalyzed reactions.
GaAsSb/InAlAs/InGaAs Tunnel Diodes for Millimeter Wave Detection in 220–330-GHz Band (2015)

We report on high-frequency performance and temperature stability of zero-bias GaAsSb/InAlAs/InGaAs tunnel diodes for millimeter-wave detection in 220-330-GHz band. The average voltage sensitivity of 1400 V/W has been achieved in 0.8 × 0.8μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> mesa devices at room temperature. Measured current-voltage characteristics revealed a superior temperature stability of the devices compared with Schottky barrier diodes. The expected sensitivity variations over a temperature range from T=17-300 K are 1.7 dB.
A lag-free 1024*1024 progressive scan interline CCD image sensor with antiblooming and exposure control (2003)

A 1024*1024 IL CCD (charge coupled device) image sensor has been developed that incorporates antiblooming and electronic exposure control while eliminating lag and obtaining a high responsivity. The incorporation of the antiblooming structure and electronic exposure control has been achieved without sacrificing other important device characteristics such as lag, smear, photoresponse linearity, and sensitivity. The progressive-scan architecture of this device offers the same resolution in an electronic-camera application as that of a two-million element, interlaced device. A noninterlaced scan with dual-horizontal registers makes it well suited for high-speed, machine vision applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Improved tumor elimination by anti-tumor T cells that are resistant to adenosine-mediated immunosuppression in tumor microenvironment (95.1) (2010)

Abstract Tumors protect themselves from the anti-tumor immune response. One of the self-protective mechanisms is extracellular adenosine in tumor microenvironment, which inactivates anti-tumor T cells via A2A adenosine receptor (A2AR). Anti-tumor T cells that are resistant to adenosine-mediated immunosuppression should be of significant benefit to improve adoptive tumor immunotherapy. Our previous study demonstrated that addition of an adenosine receptor agonist NECA in CTL culture made the CTL resistant to adenosine-mediated immunosuppression. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of NECA-treated anti-tumor T cells in MCA205 lung metastasis model. Culture-activated tumor-draining lymph node cells (TDLN) were used as anti-MCA205 effector cells. It was confirmed that NECA treatment of TDLN are less sensitive to A2AR signaling. We transferred either TDLN or NECA-treated effector cells (NECA-TDLN) into tumor-bearing mice 10 days after tumor inoculation. NECA pretreatment improved tumor rejection as indicated by the decreased number of tumor nodules from 118 ± 51 (TDLN) to 21 ± 33 (NECA-TDLN). T cell proliferation in vivo was analyzed after the adoptive transfer of CFSE-labeled effector cells. NECA-TDLN proliferated better than control TDLN in the lung (tumor site) suggesting that adenosine-resistant NECA-TDLN could activate well in tumor microenvironment. Induction of adenosine-resistance by NECA pretreatment might be a novel approach to overcome immunosuppression in tumors.
Nonequilibrium Anisotropic Colloidal Single-Crystal Growth with DNA* (2020)

Anisotropic colloidal crystals are materials with novel optical and electronic properties. However, experimental observations of colloidal single crystals have been limited to relatively isotropic 1018habits. Here, we show DNA-mediated crystallization of two types of nanoparticles with different hydrodynamic radii that form highly anisotropic, hexagonal prism microcrystals with AB2 crystallographic symmetry. The DNA directs the nanoparticles to assemble into a nonequilibrium crystal shape that is enclosed by the highest surface energy facets (AB2(1010) and AB2(0001)). Simulations and theoretical arguments show that this observation is a consequence of large energy barriers between different terminations of the AB2(1010) facet, which results in a significant deceleration of the (1010) facet growth rate. In addition to reporting a hexagonal colloidal crystal habit, this work introduces a potentially general plane multiplicity mechanism for growing nonequilibrium crystal shapes, an advance that will be useful for designing colloidal crystal habits with important applications in both optics and photocatalysis.
Critical Role of Hypoxia and A2A Adenosine Receptors in Liver Tissue-Protecting Physiological Anti-Inflammatory Pathway (2008)

Whole body exposure of wild type control littermates and A2A adenosine receptor (A2AR) gene deleted mice to low oxygen containing inspired gas mixture allowed the investigation of the mechanism that controls inflammatory liver damage and protects the liver using a mouse model of T cell-mediated viral and autoimmune hepatitis. We tested the hypothesis that the inflammatory tissue damage-associated hypoxia and extracellular adenosine --> A2AR signaling plays an important role in the physiological anti-inflammatory mechanism that limits liver damage during fulminant hepatitis. After induction of T cell-mediated hepatitis, mice were kept in modular chambers either under normoxic (21% oxygen) or hypoxic (10% oxygen) conditions for 8 h. It was shown that the whole body exposure to hypoxic atmosphere caused tissue hypoxia in healthy animals as evidenced by a decrease in the arterial blood oxygen tension and increase of the plasma adenosine concentration (P < 0.05). This "hypoxic" treatment resulted in significantly reduced hepatocellular damage and attenuated levels of serum cytokines in mice with acute liver inflammation. The anti-inflammatory effects of hypoxia were not observed in the absence of A2AR in studies of A2AR gene-deficient mice or when A2AR have been pharmacologically antagonized with synthetic antagonist. The presented data demonstrate that total body hypoxia-triggered pathway provides protection in acute hepatitis and that hypoxia (upstream) and A2AR (downstream) function in the same immunosuppressive and liver tissue-protecting pathway.
Measurement of link DGD without polarization scrambling using the degree of polarization and symmetric/asymmetric partial optical filtering (2005)

We show a technique for DOP-based DGD-measurement that does not require polarization scrambling at the transmitter that uses partial-optical-filtering in the monitoring tapline. This technique is simple, input-SOP-independent, and has a wide DGD-measurement range.