gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Functional analysis of single cells identifies a rare subset of circulating tumor cells with malignant traits (2014)

Ample evidence supports genetic and functional heterogeneity in primary tumors, but it remains unclear whether circulating tumor cells (CTCs) also exhibit the same hierarchical organization. We examined the functional diversity of viable, single CTCs using an array of subnanoliter wells (nanowells). The compartmentalization of single cells by nanowells allowed clonal comparison and mapping of heterogeneity of single cells or preformed clusters of cells. By measuring the short-term viability, invasiveness and secretory profiles of individual CTCs, it was evident that only a rare subset of CTCs possessed malignant traits indicative of metastatic potential in late-stage, progressing metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients. These CTCs were resistant to anoikis after being in the circulation, were invasive in their epithelial state, or secreted proteases capable of cleaving peptide substrates. Every CTC observed, however, did not exhibit such metastatic potential, suggesting that enumeration of CTCs alone may be insufficient to understand metastasis or stratify patients.
Early clinical experience of the safety and effectiveness of Hemospray in achieving hemostasis in patients with acute peptic ulcer bleeding (2011)

These pilot results indicate that Hemospray is safe in humans. Hemospray was effective in achieving acute hemostasis in active peptic ulcer bleeding.
Two step recovery of jointly sparse and low-rank matrices: theoretical\n guarantees (2014)

We introduce a two step algorithm with theoretical guarantees to recover a\njointly sparse and low-rank matrix from undersampled measurements of its\ncolumns. The algorithm first estimates the row subspace of the matrix using a\nset of common measurements of the columns. In the second step, the subspace\naware recovery of the matrix is solved using a simple least square algorithm.\nThe results are verified in the context of recovering CINE data from\nundersampled measurements; we obtain good recovery when the sampling conditions\nare satisfied.\n
A 10 W On-Chip Switched Capacitor Voltage Regulator With Feedforward Regulation Capability for Granular Microprocessor Power Delivery (2016)

Granular power delivery with per-core regulation for microprocessor power delivery has the potential to significantly improve the energy efficiency of future data centers. On-chip switched capacitor converters can enable such granular power delivery with per-core regulation given a high efficiency, high power density, fast response time, and high output power converter design. This paper details the implementation of an on-chip switched capacitor voltage regulator in a 32 nm SOI CMOS technology with deep trench capacitors. A novel feedforward control for reconfigurable switched capacitor converters is presented. The feedforward control reduces the output voltage droop following a transient load step. This leads to a reduced minimum microprocessor supply voltage, thereby reducing the overall power consumption of the microprocessor. The implemented on-chip switched capacitor voltage regulator provides a 0.7-1.1 V output voltage from 1.8 V input. It achieves a 85.1% maximum efficiency at 3.2 W/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> power density, a subnanosecond response time with improved minimum supply voltage capability, and a maximum output power of 10 W. For an output voltage of 850 mV, the feedforward control reduces the required voltage overhead by 60 mV for a transient load step from 10% to 100% of the nominal load. This can reduce the overall power consumption of the microprocessor by 7%.
Molecular layer deposition using cyclic azasilanes, maleic anhydride, trimethylaluminum, and water (2016)

Molecular layer deposition (MLD) is used to grow hybrid organic–inorganic films based on two or more self-limiting surface chemical reactions. A four-step ABCD sequence using N-(2-aminoethyl)-2,2,4-trimethyl-1-aza-2-silacyclopentane (AZ), maleic anhydride (MA), trimethylaluminum, and H2O and a three-step ABC sequence consisting of AZ, MA, and H2O are reported for growing hybrid organic–inorganic thin films. The ABCD sequence exhibited self-limiting growth behavior with a constant growth rate of 3.5 Å/cycle at 100 °C, while the growth rate of the ABC sequence increased to 90 Å/cycle after approximately 50 cycles. The growth rate using the ABC chemistry is much larger than for MLD/ALD chemistries that involve exclusively surface reactions, and displayed a strong dependence on the substrate temperature. Fourier transform infrared measurements of the as-deposited films indicated -COOH functionalities in the ABC film, and provided evidence for the reaction mechanisms. These results indicate that precursor diffusion into the ABC MLD film plays a key role in the large growth rate. The density, roughness, and dielectric constant (κ) of the films are reported in the as-deposited state and after treatment in air at temperatures up to 400 °C. The as-prepared and thermally treated ABC films with densities &amp;lt;1 g/cm3 and κ &amp;lt; 3 may be useful in applications requiring porous and low-κ films.
Overcoming therapeutic MAb resistance in agressive HER2 positive breast carcinomas by adoptive immunotherapy using optizimed effectors cells (2013)

Meeting abstracts Herceptin (Trastuzumab), a monoclonal antibody targeting HER2 has been demonstrated to improve survival of HER2 overexpressing metastatic breast cancer. However, half of patients who initially respond to Herceptin develop resistance within one year of treatment initiation, and in
Inhibition of CD147 (Cluster of Differentiation 147) Ameliorates Acute Ischemic Stroke in Mice by Reducing Thromboinflammation (2017)

Inhibition of CD147 ameliorates acute ischemic stroke by reducing thromboinflammation. CD147 might represent a novel and promising therapeutic target for ischemic stroke and possibly other thromboinflammatory disorders.
Reradiation and Scattering From a Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface: A General Macroscopic Model (2022)

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) have attracted major attention in the last few years, due to their useful characteristics. An RIS is a nearly passive thin surface that can dynamically change the reradiated field and can therefore realize anomalous reflection, refraction, focalization, or other wave transformations for engineering the radio propagation environment or realizing novel surface-type antennas. Evaluating the performance and optimizing the deployment of RISs in wireless networks need physically consistent frameworks that account for the electromagnetic characteristics of dynamic metasurfaces. In this article, we introduce a general macroscopic model for evaluating the scattering from an RIS. The proposed method decomposes the wave reradiated from an RIS into multiple scattering contributions and is aimed at being embedded into ray-based models. Since state-of-the-art ray-based models can already efficiently simulate specular wave reflection, diffraction, and diffuse scattering but not anomalous reradiation, we enhance them with an approach based on Huygens’ principle and propose two possible implementations for it. Multiple reradiation modes can be modeled through the proposed approach using the power conservation principle. We validate the accuracy of the proposed model by benchmarking it against several case studies available in the literature, which are based on analytical models, full-wave simulations, and measurements.
Chemical stabilization of dispersed Escherichia coli for enhanced recovery with a handheld electroflotation system and detection by Loop-mediated Isothermal AMPlification (2021)

Constraints related to sample preparation are some of the primary obstacles to widespread deployment of molecular diagnostics for rapid detection of trace quantities (≤103 CFU/mL) of food-borne pathogens. In this research, we report a sample preparation method using a novel handheld electroflotation system to concentrate and recover dilute quantities (102-103 CFU/mL) of Escherichia coli (E. coli) 25922 in artificially contaminated samples for reliable, rapid detection by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). To protect suspended cells from shear stresses at bubble surfaces, a non-ionic surfactant (Pluronic-F68) and flocculant (chitosan oligosaccharide) were used to aggregate cells and reduce their surface hydrophobicity. Effective conditions for recovery were determined through multifactorial experiments including various concentrations of Pluronic-F68 (0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1 g L-1), chitosan oligosaccharide (0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 g L-1), bacteria (102, 103, 104 CFU/mL E. coli 25922), recovery times (10, 15 and 20 minutes), and degrees of turbulent gas flux ("high" and "low"). The automated electroflotation system was capable of concentrating effectively all of the bacteria from a large sample (380 mL 0.1 M potassium phosphate buffer containing 102 CFU/mL E. coli) into a 1 mL recovered fraction in less than 30 minutes. This enabled detection of bacterial contaminants within 2 hours of collecting the sample, without a specialized laboratory facility or traditional enrichment methods, with at least a 2-3 order of magnitude improvement in detection limit compared to direct assay with LAMP.
Incidence Effect on the Aero-Thermal Performance of a Film Cooled Nozzle Vane Cascade (2018)

In the present paper, the influence of inlet flow incidence on the aerodynamic and thermal performance of a film cooled linear nozzle vane cascade is fully assessed. Tests have been carried out on a solid and a cooled cascade. In the cooled cascade, coolant is ejected at the end wall through a slot located upstream of the leading edge plane. Moreover, a vane showerhead cooling system is also realized through 4 rows of cylindrical holes. The cascade was tested at a high inlet turbulence intensity level (Tu1 = 9%) and at a constant inlet Mach number of 0.12 and nominal cooling condition, varying the inlet flow angle in the range ±20°. The aero-thermal characterization of vane platform was obtained through 5-hole probe and end wall adiabatic film cooling effectiveness measurements. Vane load distributions and surface flow visualizations supported the discussion of the results. A relevant negative impact of positive inlet flow incidence on the cooled cascade aerodynamic and thermal performance was detected. A negligible influence was instead observed at negative incidence, even at the lowest tested value of −20°.
Fine mapping of juvenile primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) on 1q21-q31 and exculsion of adult-POAG from the respective region (1994)

Juvenile POAG is an autosomal dominant eye disorder which has recently been mapped to 1q21-q24, in a region of 14-23 cM. We report here linkage analysis of 9 microsatellite repeat markers spanning this region in families from England, Scotland and Sardinia. We have observed no recombinants with D1S433 (Z=2.86) and obtained looser linkage with D1S196 ({theta}=0.03; Z=6.38), D1S431 ({theta}=0.14; Z=2.74), D1S210 ({theta}=0.06; Z=1.32), D1S452 ({theta}=0.18; Z=0.729) and D1S242 ({theta}=0.08; Z=2.29). In one family, a critical recombinant in an affected individual localizes the J-POAG locus between D1S452 and D1S242 in a 3 cM region. However, other recombinants in two normal individuals from different families suggests that J-POAG may be localized in a 1 cM distance between D1S433 and D1S431. These unaffected individuals have well passed the age-of-onset in their respective pedigrees. This result suggests that either these two recombinant individuals are gene carriers (i.e., non-penetrants) or there are more than one gene in this region causing the same disease. The possibility of the latter is less likely, since in addition to a total of 4 non-penetrant individuals in our panel, other such cases have also been reported previously. This in turn suggests that the precentage of non-penetrant cases in J-POAG maymore » be considerably higher than it was previously appreciated. Study of 14 families with adult-onset POAG revealed no segregation with the above-mentioned linked microsatellite markers. Our findings confirm, for the first time, that adult-POAG is genetically distinct from the J-POAG. Genetic linkage study of adult families with additional STRPs is currently in progress.« less
Intra-hepatic vessel segmentation and classification in multi-phase CT using optimized graph cuts (2011)

The segmentation and classification of the major intra-hepatic blood vessels are critical for the robust identification of the segmental anatomy of the liver. We propose a novel 4D graph-based method to segment and label the hepatic and portal veins. The algorithm uses multi-phase CT images to model the differential enhancement of the liver structures and Hessian-based vesselness likelihood to avoid the common pitfalls of graph cuts-based intra-hepatic vessel segmentation. A hybrid classification step identifies the right, middle and left hepatic, and portal veins. We tested the method on CT data from nine patients and comparatively found that the new vesselness and enhancement graph costs are effective in reducing the effects of heterogeneous noise and vessel fragmentation.
A spectral moment approach to velocity estimation in mobile communications (2002)

Estimation of the maximum Doppler spread, or equivalently the vehicle velocity is useful in improving handoff algorithms, and necessary for the optimal tuning of parameters for systems that adapt to changing channel conditions. We provide a novel velocity estimator based on the spectral moments of the in-phase and the quadrature-phase components or the squared envelope of the received signal. We characterize the joint effects of the Ricean K-factor, the directivity and the angle of non-isotropic scattering, and the effects of additive white noise on our estimator and other covariance-based velocity estimators analytically. Simulations illustrate our approach and compare with existing techniques.
Genetic variants of glutamate receptor gene family in Taiwanese Kawasaki disease children with coronary artery aneurysms (2014)

We demonstrated that GRIK1 polymorphisms are associated CAA formation in KD, even when adjusted for fever duration and IVIG used time, and may also serve as a genetic marker for the CAA formation in KD.
Protein detection with a planar photonic-crystal sensor (2007)

The paper presents specific protein detection with a planar photonic crystal waveguide (PC-WG) sensor. The advantages of the device we suggest are that it is realized in silicon and can be integrated on a SOI-wafer (silicon-on-insulator) along with other electronic and optical devices. Thus, the fabrication technology used for the sensor is the same as for CMOS electronic devices. The PC-WG can be made very compact and the sample volume to be analyzed can also be reduced considerably compared to many other biosensors presented in the literature.
Semi-Supervised Morphosyntactic Classification of Old Icelandic (2014)

We present IceMorph, a semi-supervised morphosyntactic analyzer of Old Icelandic. In addition to machine-read corpora and dictionaries, it applies a small set of declension prototypes to map corpus words to dictionary entries. A web-based GUI allows expert users to modify and augment data through an online process. A machine learning module incorporates prototype data, edit-distance metrics, and expert feedback to continuously update part-of-speech and morphosyntactic classification. An advantage of the analyzer is its ability to achieve competitive classification accuracy with minimum training data.
Wideband dual-polarized magneto-electric miniaturization using capacitive loading (2017)

In this paper, an original method to reduce the height of a dual-polarized unidirectional wideband antenna based on two crossed magneto-electric dipoles is proposed. The miniaturization technique consists in adding a capacitive load between vertical plates. The height of the radiating element is reduced to 0.1λ0, where λ0 is the wavelength at the lowest operation frequency for a Standing Wave Ratio (SWR) <;2.5, which corresponds to a reduction factor of 37.5%. The measured input impedance bandwidth is 64% from 1.6 GHz to 3.1 GHz with a SWR <;2.5.
In situ motions of individual inner-hair-cell stereocilia from stapes stimulation in adult mice (2021)

In vertebrate hearing organs, mechanical vibrations are converted to ionic currents through mechanoelectrical-transduction (MET) channels. Concerted stereocilia motion produces an ensemble MET current driving the hair-cell receptor potential. Mammalian cochleae are unique in that the tuning of sensory cells is determined by their mechanical environment and the mode of hair-bundle stimulation that their environment creates. However, little is known about the in situ intra-hair-bundle motions of stereocilia relative to one another, or to their environment. In this study, high-speed imaging allowed the stereocilium and cell-body motions of inner hair cells to be monitored in an ex vivo organ of Corti (OoC) mouse preparation. We have found that the OoC rotates about the base of the inner pillar cell, the hair bundle rotates about its base and lags behind the motion of the apical surface of the cell, and the individual stereocilia move semi-independently within a given hair bundle.
Vitamin D3 Partly Antagonizes Advanced-Glycation Endproducts-Induced NF&#x03BA;B Activation in Mouse Podocytes (2016)

Vitamin D3 or its analog paricalcitol partly prevented AGE-mediated NFκB activation, an important feature of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Whether this in vitro finding is of clinical relevance to prevent/treat DN requires further studies.
Macroscopic Spinning Chirality Memorized in Spin‐Coated Films of Spatially Designed Dendritic Zinc Porphyrin J‐Aggregates (2004)

Supramolekulare Polymerisation dendritischer Zinkporphyrine mit zwei Carbonsäurefunktionalitäten (links) führt durch Multipunkt-π-Stapelwechselwirkungen zur Bildung von J-Aggregaten. Rotationsbeschichtung mit deren Lösungen liefert optisch aktive Filme, deren Chiralitätssinn über die Rotationsrichtung vorgegeben werden kann (rechts). Das chiroptische Gedächtnis ist bis zur Schmelztemperatur der Filme thermisch stabil. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2004/z461431_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Cellular immune response and pathology in schistosomiasis (1996)

In the present review, some aspects of the cellular response following the murine Schistosoma mansoni infection are described. Due to the peculiar route used by the schistosome to infect its definitive host, the skin appears as a critical site in which the initial events of the host/parasite relationship occur and where the immune response is initiated. Moreover, the induction and the modulation of the granuloma formation, which represent the main aspect of the pathology of this parasitic disease, is under the control of several cellular populations n which CD4 and CD8 T cells play a key role. The cytokines produced in response to the parasite, such as IL7 in the skin and IFN gamma in the liver, seem to influence the further development of immunity against Schistosoma mansoni.
Preclinical analysis of targeting miR-182 against melanoma liver metastasis. (2010)

8554 Background: Malignant melanoma is a devastating cancer and the overall survival is extremely poor for stage IV disease. The paucity of effective treatments clearly illustrates the dire need of alternative therapies for metastatic melanoma. Targeting oncogenic microRNAs has the potential to become an important strategy for targeted therapy. Studies from our lab have demonstrated a prometastatic role for miR-182 in melanoma. Moreover, we proved that miR-182 repression in vitro impairs the invasive capacity of melanoma cells and triggers an antiproliferative response. Thus, we hypothesized that the silencing of miR-182 can be of therapeutic benefit in melanoma. Methods: We have tested the effect of anti-miR- 182 oligonucleotides synthesized with a phosphorothioate backbone in a mouse model of liver metastasis after intrasplenic injection of melanoma cells. 1E04 A375 cells stably transduced with the luciferase cDNA were injected into the spleen of NOD/Scid/IL2gR-/- (NOG) mice. Thirty mice received intrasplenic injections of A375 cells, and then were distributed into two groups to either receive anti-miR-182 or a control anti-miR (25 mg/Kg), administered by intraperitoneal injection twice weekly. Mice were monitored using in vivo fluorescence imaging for tumor cell migration from the spleen into the liver. Results: Luciferase imaging performed 4 weeks post-injection showed that mice treated with anti-miR-182 had an appreciably lower burden of macroscopic liver metastases compared to the control. Treatment with anti-miR-182 reduced the number of mice with > 50 macroscopic liver metastases by half. We also confirmed that the anti-miR treated cohort displays lower levels of miR-182 compared to the scrambled treated cohort both in the tumor tissue and in the liver parenchyma. Moroever, we demonstrated that miR-182 targets ADCY6 and FOXO3 were up-regulated in the tumor cells of anti- miR-182 treated mice. Conclusions: These results indicate that in vivo administration of anti-miRs allows for efficient miRNA targeting and concomitant upregulation of target levels. These results suggest that anti-miR-182 is a promising therapeutic strategy for metastatic melanoma. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Regulus Therapeutics Isis Pharmaceuticals
Author response: Optimization of energy state transition trajectory supports the development of executive function during youth (2020)

Adolescents are known for taking risks, from driving too fast to experimenting with drugs and alcohol. Such behaviors tend to decrease as individuals move into adulthood. Most people in their mid-twenties have greater self-control than they did as teenagers. They are also often better at planning, sustaining attention, and inhibiting impulsive behaviors. These skills, which are known as executive functions, develop over the course of adolescence. Executive functions rely upon a series of brain regions distributed across the frontal lobe and the lobe that sits just behind it, the parietal lobe. Fiber tracts connect these regions to form a fronto-parietal network. These fiber tracts are also referred to as white matter due to the whitish fatty material that surrounds and insulates them. Cui et al. now show that changes in white matter networks have implications for teen behavior. Almost 950 healthy young people aged between 8 and 23 years underwent a type of brain scan called diffusion-weighted imaging that visualizes white matter. The scans revealed that white matter networks in the frontal and parietal lobes mature over adolescence. This makes it easier for individuals to activate their fronto-parietal networks by decreasing the amount of energy required. Cui et al. show that a computer model can predict the maturity of a person's brain based on the energy needed to activate their fronto-parietal networks. These changes help explain why executive functions improve during adolescence. This in turn explains why behaviors such as risk-taking tend to decrease with age. That said, adults with various psychiatric disorders, such as ADHD and psychosis, often show impaired executive functions. In the future, it may be possible to reduce these impairments by applying magnetic fields to the scalp to reduce the activity of specific brain regions. The techniques used in the current study could help reveal which brain regions to target with this approach.