gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimization of DC Starters Based on Reluctance Network Accounting for Armature Reaction Magnetic Field (2017)

In the new generation of “Stop & Start” starters, a DC series motor with high power density is used. In this application, non-symmetrical machines are used due to the single wave winding in brushed motors. The saturation of the iron core in this application reaches a really high level. Moreover, armature reaction in DC machine with a large stator pole spans makes this phenomenon even more enhanced. All these criteria lead to model the whole machine in highly saturated conditions which is time consuming. In this paper, a fast reluctance network (RN) model for an equivalent machine is proposed. It takes into account the armature reaction in high saturation conditions. It also allows a good accuracy and permits us to show the relevance of taking into account this phenomenon in torque calculation. This model is validated by a finite element (FE) method in many operating points, and by a statistical approach. It shows high robustness and low computation time. Finally, an optimization procedure using this reluctance network model and FE is presented in order to show the accuracy of the RN compared to FE model.
Optimal stochastic dual resource allocation for cognitive radios based on quantized CSI (2008)

The present paper deals with dynamic resource management based on quantized channel state information (CSI) for multi-carrier cognitive radio networks comprising primary and secondary wireless users. For each subcarrier, users rely on adaptive modulation, coding and power modes that they select in accordance with the limited-rate feedback they receive from the access point. The access point uses CSI to maximize the sum of generic concave utilities of the individual average rates in the network while respecting rate and power constraints on the primary and secondary users. Using a stochastic dual approach, optimum dual prices are found to optimally allocate resources across users per channel realization without requiring knowledge of the channel distribution.
Tyrosol Suppresses Allergic Inflammation by Inhibiting the Activation of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase in Mast Cells (2015)

Allergic diseases such as atopic dermatitis, rhinitis, asthma, and anaphylaxis are attractive research areas. Tyrosol (2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethanol) is a polyphenolic compound with diverse biological activities. In this study, we investigated whether tyrosol has anti-allergic inflammatory effects. Ovalbumin-induced active systemic anaphylaxis and immunoglobulin E-mediated passive cutaneous anaphylaxis models were used for the immediate-type allergic responses. Oral administration of tyrosol reduced the allergic symptoms of hypothermia and pigmentation in both animal models. Mast cells that secrete allergic mediators are key regulators on allergic inflammation. Tyrosol dose-dependently decreased mast cell degranulation and expression of inflammatory cytokines. Intracellular calcium levels and activation of inhibitor of κB kinase (IKK) regulate cytokine expression and degranulation. Tyrosol blocked calcium influx and phosphorylation of the IKK complex. To define the molecular target for tyrosol, various signaling proteins involved in mast cell activation such as Lyn, Syk, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), and Akt were examined. Our results showed that PI3K could be a molecular target for tyrosol in mast cells. Taken together, these findings indicated that tyrosol has anti-allergic inflammatory effects by inhibiting the degranulation of mast cells and expression of inflammatory cytokines; these effects are mediated via PI3K. Therefore, we expect tyrosol become a potential therapeutic candidate for allergic inflammatory disorders.
Improvements with Esomeprazole in Patients with Upper Gastrointestinal Symptoms Taking Non-Steroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs, Including Selective COX-2 Inhibitors (2005)

Esomeprazole 20 mg and 40 mg improve upper GI symptoms associated with continuous, daily NSAID therapy, including selective COX-2 inhibitors.
A new abstract machine for S-Algol (1984)

This publication describes an 8-bit encoded abstract machine for S-Algol based on the original abstract machine designed and implemented by Professor Ron Morrison. It was the abstract machine used in the Macintosh version of S-algol use for teaching in the 1980s-1990s.
Robust global motion estimation in video stabilization for reducing visually induced motion sickness (2006)

We present robust global motion estimation by MDPE algorithm for video stabilization. MDPE algorithm is a robust model fitting method, which has high breakdown point. We evaluate the performance of global motion estimation by robust model fitting methods, M-estimator, RANSAC and MDPE. An improvement of the MDPE for video stabilization is also presented. Finally, the video stabilization based on our robust global motion estimation is examined.
Graphene reinforced carbon fibers (2020)

The superlative strength-to-weight ratio of carbon fibers (CFs) can substantially reduce vehicle weight and improve energy efficiency. However, most CFs are derived from costly polyacrylonitrile (PAN), which limits their widespread adoption in the automotive industry. Extensive efforts to produce CFs from low cost, alternative precursor materials have failed to yield a commercially viable product. Here, we revisit PAN to study its conversion chemistry and microstructure evolution, which might provide clues for the design of low-cost CFs. We demonstrate that a small amount of graphene can minimize porosity/defects and reinforce PAN-based CFs. Our experimental results show that 0.075 weight % graphene-reinforced PAN/graphene composite CFs exhibits 225% increase in strength and 184% enhancement in Young's modulus compared to PAN CFs. Atomistic ReaxFF and large-scale molecular dynamics simulations jointly elucidate the ability of graphene to modify the microstructure by promoting favorable edge chemistry and polymer chain alignment.
Diversity and structure of bacterial communities in Arctic versus Antarctic sea ice: A comparison (2003)

A comprehensive assessment of bacterial diversity and community composition in Arctic and Antarctic pack ice was conducted through cultivation and cultivation-independent molecular techniques. We sequenced 16S rRNA genes from 115 and 87 pure cultures of bacteria isolated from Arctic and Antarctic pack ice, respectively. Most of the 33 Arctic phylotypes were &gt;97% identical to previously described Antarctic species (Bowman, J. P., S. A. McCammon, M. V. Brown, D. S. Nichols, and T. A. McMeekin. 1997. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 63:3068-3078) or our own Antarctic isolates. At both poles, the a- and g-proteobacteria, and the Cytophaga-Flavobacterium group were the dominant taxonomic bacterial groups identified by cultivation as well as molecular methods. Diversity was higher in Arctic pack ice and detection of Gram-positive bacteria and b-proteobacteria indicated a terrestrial influence on Arctic pack ice as compared to the Antarctic. The analysis of 16S rDNA clone libraries from multiple Arctic and Antarctic pack ice samples revealed a high incidence of closely overlapping 16S rDNA clone and isolate sequences. Simultaneous analysis of environmental samples with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) showed that ~95% of DAPI-stained cells hybridized with the general bacterial probe EUB338. More than 90% of those were further assignable with approximately 50 and 36% as g-proteobacteria in Arctic and Antarctic samples, respectively, and approximately 25% as a-proteobacteria and 25% as the Cytophaga/Flavobacterium group. For the quantification of specific members of the sea ice community, new oligonucleotide probes have been developed which target the genera Octadecabacter, Glaciecola, Psychrobacter, Marinobacter, Shewanella, and Polaribacter. High detection rates of these groups corroborated the overlap of clone and isolate sequences. Viable counts were high (12.75 ± 4.74 % in Arctic samples) and the molecular data suggest that most of the important sea ice bacteria have been cultured. Despite the presence or absence of terrestrial influence and differences in the seasonality of ice floes (multi-year vs. first-year), the overall consistency of phylotypes and FISH data between Arctic and Antarctic samples reflect the similarity of the sea ice microhabitat at either pole.
PAPR reduction in MIMO OFDM using unitary matrix precoding (2012)

Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) plays an important role in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems, and therefore has been addressed extensively in the literature, resulting in diverse mitigation techniques. OFDM systems employing multiple transmit and receive antennas (MIMO) have received less attention. These have mostly been considered as an extension of OFDM and have been addressed by similar techniques. In this paper we propose a new approach to PAPR reduction in OFDM MIMO, which is based on precoding with general unitary matrices. We exploit the fact that in certain MIMO transmission schemes, the capacity is invariant to unitary matrix precoding, and reveal new degrees of freedom allowing the minimization of PAPR. We propose a new unitary matrix based selective mapping (SLM) technique that jointly precodes all transmit antennas. The proposed method exhibits significant PAPR reduction at low computational complexity.
Actigraphy-based parameter tuning process for adaptive notch filter and circadian phase shift estimation (2020)

We report herein the application of an adaptive notch filter (ANF) algorithm to minute-by-minute actigraphy data to estimate the continuous circadian phase of eight healthy adults. As the adaptation rates and damping factor of the ANF algorithm have large impacts on the ANF states and circadian phase estimation results, we propose a method for optimizing these parameters. The ANF with optimal parameters is further used to estimate the circadian phase shift from the actigraphy data. Dim light melatonin onset (DLMO), considered the "gold standard" method for identification of circadian phase, was determined by a serial collection of salivary samples analyzed for melatonin per standard protocol simultaneously with the collection of actigraphic data. We demonstrate our ANF algorithm, when applied to the actigraphy data, is able to estimate the circadian phase as determined by the DLMO. These results demonstrate that applying our ANF with a well-defined parameter tuning process to actigraphic data can provide accurate measurements of the circadian phase and its shift without resorting to salivary melatonin collections.
Acoustic Microscopy (2017)

Acoustic microscopy employs focused acoustic waves, typically operating between the mega- and gigahertz frequency range to image a given sample. The manner in which acoustic waves propagate and are reflected is dependent on materials’ elastic properties. There are two key benefits of acoustic microscopy techniques. The first is that the contrast in the acoustic image is dependent on the visco-elastic and not optical properties of the sample, enabling the structure of materials to be imaged based on their mechanical properties. Another key advantage is that acoustic waves can typically penetrate below a samples surface, allowing subsurface imaging. Acoustic microscopes were originally developed in the 1970s to image biological materials. Since then there have been many advances in the technique, resulting in increased imaging resolution, faster scanning times and growing use across fields such as materials testing and characterisation, and quality assurance for electronic components. The application of acoustic microscopy in the food science and engineering sector has covered topics such as studying the structure of vegetables and meat products, and inspecting the integrity of packaging. This chapter will present the theory, components and basic operation of acoustic microscopes before presenting their use to date, as well as future applications, in the area of food science and engineering.
Multiple Bonds between Main-Group Elements and Transition Metals. 152.1 Hydrolysis and Polymerization−Precipitation of Methyltrioxorhenium in Aqueous Solution (1996)

Methyltrioxorhenium, CH3ReO3 (1; MTO), hydrolyzes rapidly in basic aqueous solutions and much more slowly in acidic media. At low concentrations (cMTO < 8.0 × 10-3 M) the formation of CH4 gas and perrhenate was detected. The hydrolysis was followed by spectrophotometry, and the rate constants were determined as a function of temperature and pressure according to the rate law −d[MTO]/dt = k1[OH-][MTO]. The rate constant, activation enthalpy, entropy, and volume at 298.2 K are as follows: k1/M-1 s-1 = (8.6 ± 0.3) × 102, ΔH1⧧/kJ mol-1 = 15.9 ± 1, ΔS1⧧/J mol-1 K-1 = −135 ± 3, and ΔV1⧧/cm3 mol-1 = −2.4 ± 0.4. Attempts to perform the reverse reaction, the synthesis of MTO from [ReO4]- and CH4 (200 MPa), failed: the decomposition of MTO seems to be irreversible. At higher MTO concentrations a second reaction, a faster reversible polymerization−precipitation, takes place to yield a gold solid of net formula (C0.92H3.3ReO3.0)n. The rate of polymerization−precipitation was studied as a function of temperature in D2O by 1H NMR spectroscopy; it follows first-order reversible kinetics. The rate constant, activation enthalpy, and entropy of polymerization−precipitation at 298.2 K are as follows: k2/s-1 = (2.1 ± 0.4) × 10-6, ΔH2⧧/kJ mol-1 = 111.9 ± 5, ΔS2⧧/J mol-1 K-1 = 25 ± 16 (the parameters for the dissolution of the polymer are estimated data). The rate of the polymerization−precipitation is independent of the concentration of H+, and the reaction does not occur in the presence of [ClO4]-, [NO3]-, and other oxidants.
Target container: A target-centric parallel programming abstraction for video-based surveillance (2011)

We introduce a novel abstraction, the target container (TC), which serves as a parallel programming model and execution framework for developing complex applications for tracking multiple targets in a large-scale camera network. The key insight is to allow the domain expert (e.g., a vision researcher) to focus on the algorithmic details of target tracking and let the system deal with providing the computational resources (cameras, networking, and processing) to enable target tracking. Each TC has a one-to-one correspondence with a target, possibly tracked from multiple cameras. The domain expert provides the code modules for target tracking (such as detectors and trackers) as handlers to the TC system. The handlers are invoked dynamically by the TC system to discover new targets (detector) and to follow existing targets (tracker). The TC system also provides an interface for merging TCs whenever they are determined to be corresponding to the same target. This paper presents the design of the TC system, details of an experimental prototype, and an example application to demonstrate the simplicity of using the TC programming model.
Modelling of composite propellant properties (2000)

State-of-the-art composite propellants are based on solid particles (AP, Aluminium) in a polymeric HTPB based binder system. The usability of a propellant for a particular application is dependent on a large number of properties. These different properties sometimes result in contradictory requirements and design trade-off need to be made. In this paper a results of a propellant study are presented, showing the potential to predict some of the important propellant parameters (ballistic, mechanical and producibility properties). At the TNO Prins Maurits Laboratory a computermodel was developed to predict some of these parameters. This model uses semiempirical relationship and input from small-scale characterisation tests. Using the Design Of Experiments technique a test plan was set-up and obtained results were compared to predictions made. Close correlations were found for a number of the parameters evaluated. The current study was performed on a state-of-the-art AP/HTPB composition. However, the methodologies used are sufficiently general to be applicable for new energetic propellant development programmes and can therefore be used to assess the possibilities and limitations of future propellant ingredients in a time and cost effective way. © 2000 TNO Prins Maurits Laboratory, the Netherlands. Published by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc.
IS-IS Flooding Scope Link State PDUs (LSPs) (2014)

Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS) provides efficient
and reliable flooding of information to its peers; however, the
current flooding scopes are limited to either area scope or domain
scope. There are existing use cases where support of other flooding
scopes is desirable. This document defines new Protocol Data Units
(PDUs) that provide support for new flooding scopes as well as
additional space for advertising information targeted for the
currently supported flooding scopes. This document also defines
extended Type-Length-Values (TLVs) and sub-TLVs that are encoded using
16-bit fields for Type and Length. The protocol extensions defined in
this document are not backwards compatible with existing
implementations and so must be deployed with care.
Supplementary Text from Novel Methylation Biomarker Panel for the Early Detection of Pancreatic Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;- PDF file 93K, This includes figure legends of supplementary Figure S1-S3&lt;/p&gt;
Tensor representation of 3D structures (2002)

This is a thesis written for a master's degree at the Computer Vision Laboratory, University of Linköping. An abstract outer product is defined and used as a bridge to reach 2:nd and 4:th order tensors. Some applications of these in geometric analysis of range data are discussed and illustrated. In idealized setups, simple geometric objects, like spheres or polygons, are successfully detected. Finally, the generalization to n:th order tensors for storing and analysing geometric information is discussed.
Excystation of Eimeria tenella Sporozoites Impaired by Antibody Recognizing Gametocyte/Oocyst Antigens GAM22 and GAM56 (2007)

Eimeria tenella is the causative agent of coccidiosis in poultry. Infection of the chicken intestine begins with ingestion of sporulated oocysts releasing sporocysts, which in turn release invasive sporozoites. The monoclonal antibody E2E5 recognizes wall-forming body type II (WFBII) in gametocytes and the WFBII-derived inner wall of oocysts. Here we describe that this antibody also binds to the stieda body of sporocysts and significantly impairs in vitro excystation of sporozoites. Using affinity chromatography and protein sequence analysis, E2E5 is shown to recognize EtGAM56, the E. tenella ortholog of the Eimeria maxima gametocyte-specific GAM56 protein. In addition, this antibody was used to screen a genomic phage display library presenting E. tenella antigens as fusion proteins with the gene VIII product on the surfaces of phagemid particles and identified the novel 22-kDa histidine- and proline-rich protein EtGAM22. The Etgam22 mRNA is expressed predominantly at the gametocyte stage, as detected by Northern blotting. Southern blot analysis in combination with data from the E. tenella genome project revealed that Etgam22 is an intronless multicopy gene, with approximately 12 to 22 copies in head-to-tail arrangement. Conspicuously, Etgam56 is also intronless and is localized adjacent to another gam56-like gene, Etgam59. Our data suggest that amplification is common for genes encoding oocyst wall proteins.
이중 U-슬롯을 이용한 광대역 마이크로스트립 안테나 (2002)

본 문에서는 단일 안테나 소자만을 이용하여 PCS (하향 링크:1.75GHz~1.78GHz, 상향 링크: 1.84GHz~1.87GHz)및 IMT-2000 (햐향 링크:1.92GHz~1.98GHz, 상향 링크: 2.11.GHz~2.17GHz) 서비스 대약을 동시에 만족하는 광대역 마이크로스트립 안테나를 제안한다. 큰 전류의 세기를 유도하는 U-슬롯 안쪽에 최적화된 다른 U-슬롯₂에 의해 또 다른 공진을 유도함으로써 넓은 광대역 특성을 얻었고,급전구종에 정합 스터브를 삽입하여 좀 더 넓은 대역을 확보함으로써 두 서비스 대역을 만족하도록 설계하였다.제작된 이중 U-슬롯 마이크로스트립 안테나는 VSWR
Wavelength and Angular Dependence of Light Scattering From Beryllium: Comparison of Theory and Experiment (1992)

Beryllium optical components have been shown to have scattering characteristics considerably different from other metals such as aluminum or silver. The wavelength and angular dependence of light scattered from a beryllium surface partially overcoated with aluminum have been studied both theoretically and experimentally. The aluminum overcoating preserves the topography of the beryllium but provides different optical constants. By measuring scattering on both halves of the sample, the effects of topographic roughness and optical constants can be separated. Topographic roughness has been measured with a mechanical stylus profiler which is insensitive to the optical constants of the material. A dual-source scattering theory is used to model the surface as having both roughness and dielectric perturbations. Attention is given to both p- and s-polarization in the incident and scattered light at visible and infrared wavelengths.
The effect of processing method on the in vitro characteristics of red blood cell products (2015)

Processing method impacts RCC characteristics throughout storage; better understanding of these differences and reporting of processing method details is critical.
Surface Treatment of Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) Composites by Plasma Activation (1994)

Abstract Carbon-fiber-reinforced PEEK composites (APC 2, ICI plc) were plasma treated for adhesive bonding. This was done in a microwave plasma in argon or oxygen. An epoxy-based film adhesive (AF 191, 3M) was employed for adhesive bonding (1 h curing at 175°C, 30 N/cm2). Both plasma treatments resulted in a high level of lap shear strength (Ar: > 40 MPa, 25°C). The environmental behaviour (42 d, 70°C hot water) of the adhesively bonded composites has also shown that good bonds could be obtained. Regarding the stability of the freshly-treated surfaces against exposure to the surrounding atmosphere only a small decrease in lap shear strength was observed. After storage for 4 weeks in air the strength was still almost 85% of that when the bonding was done directly after the treatment. ESCA measurements revealed an increase in carbon-oxygen groups by the plasma treatment and a strong cleavage of the PEEK chemical structure.
A Bifunctional, Site-Isolated Metal–Organic Framework-Based Tandem Catalyst (2015)

Herein, we present the synthesis of a metal-organic framework-based tandem catalyst that contains two distinct catalytic domains. Zn(II)-based IRMOF-9-Irdcppy-NH2 (IRMOF = isoreticular metal-organic framework) has both organocatalytic amine and organometallic Ir(I) groups that were incorporated by both pre- and postsynthetic functionalization methods. The isolated amine and Ir(I) sites of IRMOF-9-Irdcppy-NH2 are shown to be independently catalytically active for performing a Knoevenagel condensation and allylic N-alkylation, respectively. More importantly, IRMOF-9-Irdcppy-NH2 can act as a tandem catalyst for both of these organic transformations in a one-pot reaction, which cannot be achieved efficiently using the combined, homogeneous analogues.
Novel Electrolytes for Lithium Ion Batteries (2014)

We have been investigating three primary areas related to lithium ion battery electrolytes. First, we have been investigating the thermal stability of novel electrolytes for lithium ion batteries, in particular borate based salts. Second, we have been investigating novel additives to improve the calendar life of lithium ion batteries. Third, we have been investigating the thermal decomposition reactions of electrolytes for lithium-oxygen batteries.