gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differences in carotenoid content of normal elderly and Alzheimerˈs brains (2012)

Alzheimerˈs Disease (AD) is a severe neurodegenerative disease that inflicts &gt;4,500,000 US elderly. Antioxidants, such as carotenoids, have been implicated in the prevention of degenerative diseases and recent data correlates blood and macular carotenoid levels with cognition. Purpose To measure and compare the major carotenoids in normal elderly and AD human brain. Methods Samples of normal and AD brain tissue from frontal lobe cortex and occipital cortex were examined. Sections were dissected into gray and white matter, extracted with organic solvents, and analyzed by HPLC. Results At least 16 carotenoids, 3 tocopherols, and retinol were present in human brain. Xanthophylls accounted for &gt;70% of carotenoids in the brain. Mean concentrations of carotenoids ranged from 3.5–15.3 pmol/g. Combining all brains, lutein (LUT, P&lt;0.001) and zeaxanthin (ZX, P&lt;0.02) were higher in gray vs white matter. ZX and LUT were lower in AD brain (P&lt;0.002, P&lt;0.04, respectively). Healthy brain had 2× more ZX and 30% more LUT than AD brain. Retinol and α‐tocopherol were lower in AD brain, (p&lt;0.002, P&lt;0.006). Conclusions AD status is negatively correlated with levels of ZX, LUT, vitamins A and E in specific brain tissue.
An aeronautical multimedia service demonstration at high frequencies (1999)

An aeronautical measurement campaign for the satellite channel at the K band and an aeronautical multimedia service demonstration campaign for high data rate satellite services at the K/Ka band aim to provide high data rate services for all kinds of mobile terminals.
MOESM1 of Repositioning of bromocriptine for treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (2016)

Additional file 1: Table S1. Upregulated probe set upon AML differentiation.
Strontium doped hafnium oxide thin films: Wide process window for ferroelectric memories (2013)

Ferroelectricity in hafnium oxide has been reported for the incorporation of Al, Si, Y and Gd or in a solid solution with the chemically similar ZrO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> . Here, we report strontium as the first bivalent and — so far — largest dopant in terms of atomic radius also inducing ferroelectric behavior. Besides the solid solution of HfO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> /ZrO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> for Sr:HfO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> , ferroelectricity is observed in the widest concentration range of all dopants used up to now. First results of ab initio simulations also suggest such a comparatively wide window for ferroelectricity. With a coercive field of about 2 MV/cm another figure exceeds the characteristics reported before. A maximum remanent polarization of 23 μC/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> also ranks among the highest values reported until now. The fabricated TiN-Sr:HfO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> -TiN capacitors exhibit switching times in the nanosecond range and still retain 80 % of their initial remanent polarization after 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> endurance cycles. The 10 nm ferroelectric thin films prepared by atomic layer deposition are capable of integration into 3D capacitors or FinFETs.
Small Antenna With a Coupling Feed and Parasitic Elements for Multiband Mobile Applications (2011)

A small antenna with coupling feed and parasitic elements for multiband application is proposed. The proposed antenna is small, low-profile, and suitable for multiband mobile applications. The coupling feed structure provides wideband characteristic to a planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA). There are two resonance modes at 0.8 GHz, and their current distributions are observed. Four resonance modes from high-order resonance modes and parasitic elements are designed to be at 1.7 GHz. The proposed antenna is able to support the GSM850/GSM900/DCS/PCS frequency band in 3:1 VSWR standard. The radiation efficiency and radiation patterns are presented to verify compatibility in mobile handset applications.
Supplementary Table 3 from Molecular Characterization of Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer and Identification of New Drug Targets (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 635K&lt;/p&gt;
Abstract P345: The Neuregulin Glial Growth Factor 2 (GGF2) Produces Sustained Improvement in Left Ventricular Function in Rats with Both Early and Established Heart Failure (2011)

Neuregulin-1β is essential for fetal cardiac development and adult cardiac function. Previous reports indicate that neuregulins improve left ventricular function in heart failure models, however the duration of the functional improvements with early or late initiation of neuregulin treatment has not been characterized. The present studies examine the effects of early and delayed initiation of intravenous GGF2 treatment on left ventricular (LV) function in rats with myocardial infarction (MI). Rats underwent surgically-induced MI by left anterior coronary artery ligation. Treatment with vehicle or GGF2 (2.6 mg/kg) was initiated at 2 or 16 w post-MI and continued once or twice weekly or once every two weeks for the in-life duration of the study (approximately 40 weeks). LV function was assessed echocardiographically up to once weekly for the duration of the study. Early and delayed initiation of GGF2 treatment caused sustained and significant improvement (p &lt; 0.05) in both ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS) in all regimens tested. The greatest improvements were seen with the once weekly dosing paradigm after early initiation (average EF (%) at 40 weeks post initiation of dosing: vehicle = 44.4 ± 6.0, n = 8 rats, vs. GGF2 = 64.7±6.1. n = 9 rats) and twice weekly dosing paradigm after delayed initiation (average EF (%) at 4 weeks post initiation of dosing: vehicle = 34.18±1.6, n = 7 rats, vs. GGF2 = 50.69±4.68, n = 7 rats). In addition, LV function improved when rats were re-challenged with GGF2 following an extended wash out period. This observation indicates potential efficacy for treatment paradigms that utilize intermittent dosing. These findings suggest that GGF2 produces sustained improvement in LV function after early or delayed initiation of treatment following MI in rats.
Comparative Immunogenicity of Evolved V1V2-Deleted HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein Trimers (2013)

Despite almost 30 years of research, no effective vaccine has yet been developed against HIV-1. Probably such a vaccine would need to induce both an effective T cell and antibody response. Any vaccine component focused on inducing humoral immunity requires the HIV-1 envelope (Env) glycoprotein complex as it is the only viral protein exposed on the virion surface. HIV-1 has evolved several mechanisms to evade broadly reactive neutralizing antibodies. One such a mechanism involves variable loop domains, which are highly flexible structures that shield the underlying conserved epitopes. We hypothesized that removal of such loops would increase the exposure and immunogenicity of these conserved regions. Env variable loop deletion however often leads to protein misfolding and aggregation because hydrophobic patches becoming solvent accessible. We have therefore previously used virus evolution to acquire functional Env proteins lacking the V1V2 loop. We then expressed them in soluble (uncleaved) gp140 forms. Three mutants were found to perform optimally in terms of protein expression, stability, trimerization and folding. In this study, we characterized the immune responses to these antigens in rabbits. The V1V2 deletion mutant ΔV1V2.9.VK induced a prominent response directed to epitopes that are not fully available on the other Env proteins tested but that effectively bound and neutralized the ΔV1V2 Env virus. This Env variant also induced more efficient neutralization of the tier 1 virus SF162. The immune refocusing effect was lost after booster immunization with a full-length gp140 protein with intact V1V2 loops. Collectively, this result suggests that deletion of variable domains could alter the specificity of the humoral immune response, but did not result in broad neutralization of neutralization-resistant virus isolates.
Molecular taxonomy of osteoarthritis for patient stratification, disease management and drug development: biochemical markers associated with emerging clinical phenotypes and molecular endotypes (2018)

In this review, we have focused on the molecular biomarkers of four distinct osteoarthritis subtypes including inflammatory, subchondral bone remodelling, metabolic syndrome and senescent age-related endotypes, which have corresponding phenotypes. Progress in the field of osteoarthritis endotype and phenotype research requires a better understanding of molecular biomarkers that may be used in conjunction with imaging, pain and functional assessments for the design of more effective, stratified and individualized osteoarthritis treatments.
[Nodal reentry tachycardia: short- and long-term effectiveness and safety of a selective ablation technique of the slow pathway]. (1993)

Peculiar slow potentials, that can be used as electrophysiologic markers for slow pathway ablation, were recorded in the medio-posterior region of the septum in the majority of patients. The fact that this technique, using slow potential as an electrophysiologic marker, was successful in all patients, with very few recurrences and with no serious complications (no II or III degree atrioventricular block) makes it trustworthy and safe.
Targeting Histone Deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) as a Novel Approach to Overcome T-Cell Anergy. (2010)

Abstract Abstract 1483 The anti-inflammatory molecules IL-10 and STAT3 are major hurdles in our efforts to harness effective anti-tumor immunity1. Previously, we have unveiled a role for histone deacetylase 11 (HDAC11) as a negative regulator of IL-10 gene transcriptional activity in antigen-presenting cells (APCs)2. In an effort to better characterize the epigenetic influences upon IL-10, we screened other HDACs and found that over-expression of HDAC6 in the macrophage cell line RAW264.7 was able to transcriptionally upregulate IL-10 in response to LPS. Next, using lentiviral vectors encoding shRNA for HDAC6, we generated stable knockdown clones of HDAC6 (HDAC6KD). In contrast to HDAC6 overexpression, HDAC6KD cells produced less IL-10 both at the mRNA and protein levels. Further analysis of HDAC6KD clones revealed elevated expression of the co-stimulatory molecule B7.2. Functionally, LPS-stimulated HDAC6KD cells were better able to activate anti-HA (hemagglutinin-influenza) transgenic CD4+ T cells to produce IL-2 and IFN-γ. More relevant to the tumor setting, anti-HA CD4+ anergic T cells isolated from animals bearing HA-expressing A20 B-cell lymphoma regained their ability to produce IL-2 and IFN-γ when cultured in vitro with HDAC6KD cells in the presence of cognate HA-antigen. These same T-cells remained anergic when cultured with control APCs displaying normal levels of HDAC6. Mechanistically, we have found that APCs lacking HDAC6 display a significant abrogation of STAT3 activation in response to LPS stimulation. Given the demonstration that HDACs, other than HDAC6, can regulate STAT3 activity3, we are actively investigating whether the effect we have observed is a result of direct HDAC6-STAT3 interaction or a diminished autocrine signaling through IL-10. Taken together, through abrogation of two well-known tolerogenic mechanisms in APCs, IL-10 and STAT3, HDAC6 inhibition represents an attractive therapeutic approach to overcome tumor-induced T-cell anergy and tip the balance towards effective anti-lymphoma immunity. 1. Cheng F., et al. Immunity 2003 Sep;19(3):425-36. 2. Villagra A., et al. Nat Immunol. 2009 Jan;10(1):92-100. 3. Yuan Z., et al. Science. 2005 Jan 14;307(5707):269-73. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Multidisciplinary Meeting on Male Breast Cancer: Summary and Research Recommendations (2010)

Male breast cancer is a rare disease, accounting for less than 1% of all breast cancer diagnoses worldwide. Most data on male breast cancer comes from small single-institution studies, and because of the paucity of data, the optimal treatment for male breast cancer is not known. This article summarizes a multidisciplinary international meeting on male breast cancer, sponsored by the National Institutes of Health Office of Rare Diseases and the National Cancer Institute Divisions of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics and Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis. The meeting included representatives from the fields of epidemiology, genetics, pathology and molecular biology, health services research, and clinical oncology and the advocacy community, with a comprehensive review of the data. Presentations focused on highlighting differences and similarities between breast cancer in males and females. To enhance our understanding of male breast cancer, international consortia are necessary. Therefore, the Breast International Group and North American Breast Cancer Group have joined efforts to develop an International Male Breast Cancer Program and to pool epidemiologic data, clinical information, and tumor specimens. This international collaboration will also facilitate the future planning of clinical trials that can address essential questions in the treatment of male breast cancer.
Electrical stimulation vs. pulsed and continuous-wave optical stimulation of the rat prostate cavernous nerves, in vivo (2015)

Identification and preservation of the cavernous nerves (CNs) during prostate cancer surgery is critical for post-operative sexual function. Electrical nerve stimulation (ENS) mapping has previously been tested as an intraoperative tool for CN identification, but was found to be unreliable. ENS is limited by the need for electrode-tissue contact, poor spatial precision from electrical current spreading, and stimulation artifacts interfering with detection. Alternatively, optical nerve stimulation (ONS) provides noncontact stimulation, improved spatial selectivity, and elimination of stimulation artifacts. This study compares ENS to pulsed/CW ONS to explore the ONS mechanism. A total of eighty stimulations were performed in 5 rats, <i>in vivo</i>. ENS (4 V, 5 ms, 10 Hz) was compared to ONS using a pulsed diode laser nerve stimulator (1873 nm, 5 ms, 10 Hz) or CW diode laser nerve stimulator (1455 nm). Intracavernous pressure (ICP) response and nerve compound action potentials (nCAPs) were measured. All three stimulation modes (ENS, ONS-CW, ONS-P) produced comparable ICP magnitudes. However, ENS demonstrated more rapid ICP response times and well defined nCAPs compared to unmeasurable nCAPs for ONS. Further experiments measuring single action potentials during ENS and ONS are warranted to further understand differences in the ENS and ONS mechanisms.
Reliability Assessment of Magnetic Cores and 3-D-Printed Constant-Flux Inductors (2020)

Constant-flux inductors (CFIs) are designed to have more uniform flux distribution in the core for efficient use of magnetic material and higher inductance density. However, they require elaborate winding structures, which pose challenges to fabrication by conventional fabrication techniques. Recently, we applied a paste-extrusion 3-D printer to fabricate spiral windings with different turn-to-turn widths for a pot-core CFI. The printed windings were sintered at 850 °C and then potted in a low-temperature curable magnetic composite to form inductors measured at 5 mm × 5 mm × 2 mm. In this article, reliability of the CFIs and the corresponding magnetic cores was evaluated by temperature cycling between -40 °C and 125 °C and storage testing at 125 °C. After 1000 temperature cycles and 1000 h at the storage temperature, the dc winding resistances of the pot-core CFIs had no significant change, while the inductances dropped by only 4.8% and 2%, respectively. The drop in inductance was found to correlate with the drop in magnetic permeability of the core, which was caused by degradation of the magnetic material under thermomechanical stresses.
BGP OPERATIONAL Message (2012)

The BGP Version 4 routing protocol (RFC4271) is now used in many ways,\ncrossing boundaries of administrative and technical responsibility.\nThe protocol lacks an operational messaging plane which could be\nutilised to diagnose, troubleshoot and inform upon various conditions\nacross these boundaries, securely, during protocol operation, without\ndisruption. This document proposes a new BGP message type, the\nOPERATIONAL message, which can be used to effect such a messaging\nplane for use both between and within Autonomous Systems.
Elliptic Curve Discrete Logarithms and Wieferich Primes (2000)

Recently, a new method, called by Xedni calculus, to solve ECDLP was proposed by Silverman and Kim et. al. [11, 5]. The Xedni addresses a novel idea, but has two di#culties. One is to find good liftings and the other is to compute the dependence relation among lifted rational points. In this paper, we propose a fast algorithm to compute the dependence relation modulo the order, n P , of P for given two dependent rational points of elliptic curve over Q.
A model for acoustic characterization of intraocular tumors. (1985)

Human intraocular tumors and tumors derived from human tumor cell lines grown subcutaneously in the athymic nude mouse were scanned by diagnostic ultrasound. Radiofrequency scan data were converted to digital form and analyzed in the frequency domain. Characteristics of normalized power spectra were found to be significantly different among human spindle cell malignant melanomas, mixed/epithelioid malignant melanomas, metastatic carcinomas, and hemangiomas. Significant differences, as well, were found between implanted primary skin malignant melanomas and adenocarcinomas of the lung, colon, and stomach. Comparison of spectral properties of human intraocular and implanted tumors revealed that human spindle cell malignant melanomas and implanted melanomas exhibit similar characteristics. Human intraocular metastatic tumors from the lung were found to exhibit characteristics similar to those of implanted lung tumors. These results indicate that the implantation of human tumor cell lines in the nude mouse may provide a very useful model for application of diagnostic and therapeutic ultrasound modalities to human intraocular tumors.
ChemInform Abstract: Discoveries from the Abyss: The Abyssomicins and Their Total Synthesis (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Discrete-Time Domain Modeling and Design for AC Machine Current Regulation (2007)

Complex vector current regulators provide robust performance at high fundamental frequency operation, but there are difficulties in increasing the current regulation bandwidth and in operating at very high fundamental frequencies. In this paper, a discrete-time domain model of general AC machines is proposed. Based on this model, a discrete-time domain current regulator design methodology is proposed. This method is a generalization of the complex vector current regulator's pole- zero cancellation approach and it furthermore explicitly incorporates and compensates the control delay common in discrete-time implementations.
Guided‐Wave Digital Optics (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: From Optical Fibers to Planar Lightwave Circuits (PLCs) Light Propagation in Waveguides The Optical Fiber The Dielectric Slab Waveguide Channel Waveguides PLC In- and Out-coupling Functionality Integration
A PLASMONIC LIQUID WAVEGUIDE SENSOR USING NANOPARTICLES FOR LABEL-FREE MEASUREMENT APPLICATIONS (2008)

A plasmonic liquid-liquid (PLL) waveguide using Au nano-particles (NPs) colloidal solution is configured on a micro-optical-fluidic-system (MOFS) chip [1] for the interest extensions of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assisted measurements. For characterizing the PLL waveguide, the propagating modes are studied with the scattering images and the measurement of the transmission spectrum. Controllability on the modes of SPR propagation in PLL waveguide is demonstrated.
Nutrition for Weight and Resistance Training (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Protein feeding and resistance exercise Practical considerations Conclusions and remaining questions References
Using Combinatorial Design to Study Regulation by Multiple Input Signals. A Tool for Parsimony in the Post-Genomics Era (2001)

International audience
Cytokine Removal with a Large Pore Cellulose Triacetate Filter: An Ex Vivo Study (2002)

High volume hemofiltration (HVHF) using a new large pore cellulose triacetate filter achieved cytokine clearances greater than those reported with currently available hemo filters.
Erratum: “Water activity and mobility in solutions of glycerol and small molecular weight sugars: Implication for cryo– and lypopreservation” [J. Appl. Phys. 100, 074702 (2006)] (2007)

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Photonic crystal defect cavities coupled to N-V centres in diamond (2010)

We use focused ion beam (FIB) etching to create suspended photonic crystal cavities in diamond. Our goal is to enhance and control the spontaneous emission of single N-V colour centres, which act like single `two-level atoms' emitting single photons. The single nitrogen-vacancy (N-V) colour centre in diamond has attracted a lot of interest because it can be optically addressed, is photostable at room temperature and has a paramagnetic ground state whose spin can be initialized and read-out optically. By enclosing the (N-V) colour centre in a resonant cavity we aim to develop rapid readout of this optically addressable single spin. We show a technique using FIB and confocal microscopy to locate single N-V centres and discuss progress towards etching cavities around single centres.
Incidence, progression and risk factors of age‐related cataract in Malays: The Singapore Malay Eye Study (2020)

Similar to other elderly populations, incidence and progression of cataract were common in this Malay population. Diabetes and hypertension were important modifiable risk factors for cataract, highlighting the importance of systemic health on eye disease.