gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Solid‐Phase Synthesis of Sequence‐Defined T‐, i‐, and U‐Shape Polymers for pDNA and siRNA Delivery (2011)

Artificial oligo(ethylene amino) acids, together with selected natural amino acids and fatty acid modifications, have been used for the solid-phase-assisted synthesis of polymers with precise sequence, topology, and modifications (see picture). First proof-of-concept studies demonstrate the high potential of such polymers in pDNA and siRNA delivery. K=lysine, A=alanine. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
A Novel Deep Learning-Based IoT Device Transmission Interval Management Scheme for Enhanced Scalability in LoRa Networks (2021)

In this letter, a novel deep learning-based IoT device transmission interval management scheme for enhanced scalability that reduces the redundancy data measurement in LoRa networks is proposed. For this purpose, a Local LSTM prediction model of each cluster is proposed in which the devices are clustered based on the features of the extracted data using an autoencoder. By adjusting the device transmission interval based on the prediction results, the amount of redundantly collected traffic in the LoRa environment is reduced. The proposed scheme is validated using a simulation-based experiment with the Intel lab IoT dataset. Here, we consider the physical characteristics of LoRa and the data pattern of Intel lab data. As a result, the scalability of the proposed scheme can be improved by 31% on average with a 0.3 MAPE prediction error threshold compared to the base model to which the proposed scheme is not applied.
Link-Adaptive Distributed Coding for Multisource Cooperation (2007)

Combining multisource cooperation and link-adaptive regenerative techniques, a novel protocol is developed capable of achieving diversity order up to the number of cooperating users and large coding gains. The approach relies on a two-phase protocol. In Phase 1, cooperating sources exchange information-bearing blocks, while in Phase 2, they transmit reencoded versions of the original blocks. Different from existing approaches, participation in the second phase does not require correct decoding of Phase 1 packets. This allows relaying of soft information to the destination, thus increasing coding gains while retaining diversity properties. For any reencoding function the diversity order is expressed as a function of the rank properties of the distributed coding strategy employed. This result is analogous to the diversity properties of colocated multi-antenna systems. Particular cases include repetition coding, distributed complex field coding (DCFC), distributed space-time coding, and distributed error-control coding. Rate, diversity, complexity and synchronization issues are elaborated. DCFC emerges as an attractive choice because it offers high-rate, full spatial diversity, and relaxed synchronization requirements. Simulations confirm analytically established assessments.
Dynamic CO2 adsorption performance of internally cooled silica‐supported poly(ethylenimine) hollow fiber sorbents (2014)

The dynamic adsorption behavior of CO 2 under both nonisothermal and nearly isothermal conditions in silica supported poly(ethylenimine) (PEI) hollow fiber sorbents (Torlon®‐S‐PEI) is investigated in a rapid temperature swing adsorption (RTSA) process. A maximum CO 2 breakthrough capacity of 1.33 mmol/g‐fiber (2.66 mmol/g‐silica) is observed when the fibers are actively cooled by flowing cooling water in the fiber bores. Under dry CO 2 adsorption conditions, heat released from the CO 2 ‐amine interaction increases the CO 2 breakthrough capacity by reducing the severity of the diffusion resistance in the supported PEI. This internal resistance can also be alleviated by prehydrating the fiber sorbent with a humid N 2 feed. The CO 2 breakthrough capacity of prehydrated fibers is adversely affected by the release of the adsorption enthalpy (unlike the dry fibers); however, active cooling of the fiber results in a constant CO 2 breakthrough capacity even at high CO 2 delivery rates (i.e., high adsorption enthalpy delivery rates). In full RTSA cycles, a purity of 50% CO 2 is achieved and the adsorption enthalpy recovery rate can reach ∼72%. Studies on the cyclic stability of uncooled fiber sorbents in the presence of SO 2 and NO contaminants indicate that exposure to NO at 200 ppm over 120 cycles does not lead to a significant degradation of the sorbents, but SO 2 exposure at a similar high concentration of 200 ppm causes 60% loss in CO 2 breakthrough capacity after 120 cycles. A simple amine reinfusion technique is successfully demonstrated to recover the adsorption capacity in poisoned fiber sorbents after deactivation by exposure to impurities such SO 2 . © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J , 60: 3878–3887, 2014
L-Type Calcium Channels: Structure and Functions (2018)

Voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) manage the electrical signaling of cells by allowing the selective-diffusion of calcium ions in response to the changes in the cellular membrane potential. Among the different VGCCs, the long-lasting or the L-type calcium channels (LTCCs) are prevalently expressed in a variety of cells, such as skeletal muscle, ventricular myocytes, smooth muscles and dendritic cells and forms the largest family of the VGCCs. Their wide expression pattern and significant role in diverse cellular events, including neurotransmission, cell cycle, muscular contraction, cardiac action potential and gene expression, has made these channels the major targets for drug development. In this book chapter, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the different VGCCs and focus on the sequence-structure–function properties of the LTCCs. Our chapter will summarize and review the various experimental and computational analyses performed on the structures of the LTCCs and their implications in drug discovery applications.
Organic crystals – More than simple additives toward better electroceramic materials (2010)

Roles of various organic crystals (OC), notably those containing nitrogen, on the preparation and properties of source materials for electroceramics are featured from the author’s own experimental studies. When OC are intimately mixed with metal salts like carbonates, their decomposition is accelerated, liberating the diffusing species at temperatures lower than usual. Mixing of OC with metal oxides under mechanical stressing results in anion exchange and eases diffusion of guest species. Case studies on 3 categories, i.e. i) substitution of oxygen in titania with nitrogen and introduction of oxygen vacancies during co-grinding titania with urea, glycine and/or polytetra fluoroethylene; ii) increase in the rate of reaction of barium titanate formation via a solid state route by OCs with detailed process analysis with glycine as an example of OC, and iii) phase pure solid state synthesis of Li4Ti5O12 by mechanically activating the intermediate, Li2TiO3 with 3 amino acids as OCs.
Sub-Wavelength Nonlinear Accelerating Beams (2012)

We show that optical nonlinearities allow sub-wavelength beams to propagate in circular trajectories without being attenuated in spite of their partially evanescent spectrum. Such beams are exact solutions to Maxwell's equations with Kerr or saturable nonlinearity.
Crystallization of a Polypropylene Terpolymer Made by a Ziegler−Natta Catalyst:  Formation of γ-phase (2007)

The appearance of the gamma phase of a polypropylene-containing terpolymer prepared with a Ziegler-Natta catalyst was analyzed, and a novel strategy to make a polypropylene terpolymer which contains a high content of the gamma phase was experimentally sought. Wide-angle X-ray scattering and differential scanning calorimetry measurements have been conducted to investigate gamma-phase formation. Using a mixed flow of both elongational and shear components (a foaming process), we could introduce a lot of nuclei in the melt by flow-induced crystallization (FIC). The large number of nuclei accounting for the structural disorder during crystallite formation was ascribed to be the reason for gamma-phase formation in the terpolymer crystallization. A uniform distribution of defects in the melt crystallization was the key to obtaining a high content of the gamma phase.
toxB Gene on pO157 of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 Is Required for Full Epithelial Cell Adherence Phenotype (2001)

Adherence of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) to the intestinal epithelium is critical for initiation of a bacterial infection. An in vitro infection study previously indicated that EHEC bacteria initially adhere diffusely and then proliferate to develop MC, a process that is mediated by various secreted proteins, such as EspA, EspB, EspD, Tir, and intimin, as well as other putative adherence factors. In the present study, we investigated the role of a large 93-kb plasmid (pO157) in the adherence of O157:H7 (O157Sakai) and found the toxB gene to be involved in the full adherence phenotype. A pO157-cured strain of O157Sakai (O157Cu) developed microcolonies on Caco-2 cells; however, the number of microcolonies was lower than that of O157Sakai, as were the production and secretion levels of EspA, EspB, and Tir. Introduction of a mini-pO157 plasmid (pIC37) composed of the toxB and ori regions restored full adherence capacity to O157Cu, including production and secretion of the proteins. In contrast, introduction of a pO157 mutant possessing toxB::Km into O157Cu could not restore the full adherence phenotype. Expression of truncated versions of His-tagged ToxB also promoted EspB production and/or secretion by O157Cu. These results suggest that ToxB contributes to the adherence of EHEC to epithelial cells through promotion of the production and/or secretion of type III secreted proteins.
The Alzheimer Disease Protective Mutation A2T Modulates Kinetic and Thermodynamic Properties of Amyloid-β (Aβ) Aggregation (2014)

Missense mutations in alanine 673 of the amyloid precursor protein (APP), which corresponds to the second alanine of the amyloid β (Aβ) sequence, have dramatic impact on the risk for Alzheimer disease; A2V is causative, and A2T is protective. Assuming a crucial role of amyloid-Aβ in neurodegeneration, we hypothesized that both A2V and A2T mutations cause distinct changes in Aβ properties that may at least partially explain these completely different phenotypes. Using human APP-overexpressing primary neurons, we observed significantly decreased Aβ production in the A2T mutant along with an enhanced Aβ generation in the A2V mutant confirming earlier data from non-neuronal cell lines. More importantly, thioflavin T fluorescence assays revealed that the mutations, while having little effect on Aβ42 peptide aggregation, dramatically change the properties of the Aβ40 pool with A2V accelerating and A2T delaying aggregation of the Aβ peptides. In line with the kinetic data, Aβ A2T demonstrated an increase in the solubility at equilibrium, an effect that was also observed in all mixtures of the A2T mutant with the wild type Aβ40. We propose that in addition to the reduced β-secretase cleavage of APP, the impaired propensity to aggregate may be part of the protective effect conferred by A2T substitution. The interpretation of the protective effect of this mutation is thus much more complicated than proposed previously.
Numerical Analysis of the J-based Fracture Testing Technique for Brittle Matrix Composites (1994)

Peer Reviewed
Immunotherapy for Brain Tumors (2017)

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most lethal form of brain tumor and remains a large, unmet medical need. This review focuses on recent advances in the neurosciences that converge with the broader field of immuno-oncology. Recent findings in neuroanatomy provide a basis for new approaches of cellular therapies for tumors that involve the CNS. The ultimate success of immunotherapy in the CNS will require improved imaging technologies and methods for analysis of the tumor microenvironment in patients with GBM. It is likely that combinatorial approaches with targeted immunotherapies will be required to exploit the vulnerabilities of GBM and other brain tumors.
Light extraction from OLEDs using volumetric light scattering (2004)

One of the limitations on OLED performance is the optical extraction efficiency, &eta;<sub>ex</sub>, which is the ratio of light generated within the device to light emitted into the ambient. Ideally &eta;<sub>ex</sub> is equal to unity. Typical estimates for this efficiency factor in OLEDs range between 0.17-0.5. We present a simple radiative transport model that quantifies the effect of volumetric light scattering on light output in terms of a small set of readily measured parameters. Our methodology is sufficiently general to parameterize and describe many of the light extraction schemes found in the literature. We will present a set of model calculations using parameters typical of many OLEDs, and show that the introduction of light scattering sites within the otherwise transparent substrate can increase light extraction efficiencies by at least a factor of 1.4. We also present experimental data to validate our analysis and demonstrate a high level of agreement between model and experiment.
MICROPROCESSOR-CONTROLLED DC MOTOR FOR LOAD-INSENSITIVE POSITION SERVO SYSTEM. (1985)

The conventional proportional P controller has been often used as the position controller of the dc servo motor. When the unknown and inaccessible load torque, such as the coulomb friction, the gravity, and so on, is imposed on the dc servo motor, this control system has the steady-and/or transient-state error.
Higher origination and extinction rates in larger mammals (2008)

Do large mammals evolve faster than small mammals or vice versa? Because the answer to this question contributes to our understanding of how life-history affects long-term and large-scale evolutionary patterns, and how microevolutionary rates scale-up to macroevolutionary rates, it has received much attention. A satisfactory or consistent answer to this question is lacking, however. Here, we take a fresh look at this problem using a large fossil dataset of mammals from the Neogene of the Old World (NOW). Controlling for sampling biases, calculating per capita origination and extinction rates of boundary-crossers and estimating survival probabilities using capture-mark-recapture (CMR) methods, we found the recurring pattern that large mammal genera and species have higher origination and extinction rates, and therefore shorter durations. This pattern is surprising in the light of molecular studies, which show that smaller animals, with their shorter generation times and higher metabolic rates, have greater absolute rates of evolution. However, higher molecular rates do not necessarily translate to higher taxon rates because both the biotic and physical environments interact with phenotypic variation, in part fueled by mutations, to affect origination and extinction rates. To explain the observed pattern, we propose that the ability to evolve and maintain behavior such as hibernation, torpor and burrowing, collectively termed "sleep-or-hide" (SLOH) behavior, serves as a means of environmental buffering during expected and unexpected environmental change. SLOH behavior is more common in some small mammals, and, as a result, SLOH small mammals contribute to higher average survivorship and lower origination probabilities among small mammals.
Immersive planar display using roughly aligned projectors (2002)

When a projector is oblique with respect to a planar display surface, it creates keystoning and the projected image is distorted. We present a rendering technique to display perspectively correct images for a moving user. This allows using roughly aligned projectors and eliminates the need for frequent electro-mechanical adjustments. The rendering process has no additional cost and can be implemented with traditional graphics hardware. We compute the collineation induced due to the display plane during preprocessing. The main idea of the paper is to use this collineation to render and warp the images of 3D scenes in a single pass via approximation of the depth buffer. We also describe how this method can be extended to display systems with multiple overlapping projectors. This technique can be easily used in CAVE, Immersive Workbenches and PowerWalls.
Bcl-x and Bcl-2 immunoreactivity in postnatal mouse barrel fields (1998)

BcL-xL and Bcl-2 proteins were identified by paraffin section immunohistochemistry in the neuropil core of the barrelettes of the caudalis spinal trigeminal nucleus 6 h after birth. They were subsequently identified at progressively more rostral levels of the trigeminal pathway, peaking in barreloid neuropil cores in the ventral posterior thalamic nucleus at postnatal day (P)4.5, and in cortical barrel cores at P7. Labelling was confined to the cores of barrel-like structures surrounded by immunonegative shells and became progressively less distinct at all levels from P8. These protein products, which are usually considered to control the onset of apoptosis, may serve other functions in the axon terminal fields of the trigeminal pathway.
NMS-E973, a Novel Synthetic Inhibitor of Hsp90 with Activity against Multiple Models of Drug Resistance to Targeted Agents, Including Intracranial Metastases (2013)

Overall, the efficacy profile of NMS-E973 suggests a potential for development in different clinical settings, including tumors that have become resistant to molecular targeted agents, particularly in cases of tumors which reside beyond the BBB.
Vortex Fluidics Improved Morphology of CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3‐x Cl x Films for Perovskite Solar Cells (2017)

Abstract We report the use of a vortex fluidic device (VFD) to prepare the precursor solution for CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3‐x Cl x perovskite films. These films exhibited improved surface coverage and enhanced light absorption relative to conventional batch processing used for preparing the precursor solution. This VFD‐assisted perovskite solar cell displayed a power conversion efficiency of 11.65 %, which is significantly higher than 9.26 % of the control device.
High-Efficiency Bragg Holograms In The IR, Visible, UV And XUV Spectral Region (1988)

This paper presents a review of high-efficiency Bragg holography at Physical Optics Corporation (POC). Various commercial and space applications of high-efficiency Bragg holographyTmare presented including IR mirrors (or holowindows for solar control), VLSI Holoplanar interconnects (in near IR region), holographic notch filters (IR, Visible and UV), UV/Visible/IR Lippmann holographic mirrors and HOEs, and XUV holographic mirrors and HOEs for soft X-ray laser optics.
<title>Shaping of the band gap in AlInGaN alloys</title> (2001)

Strain Energy Band Engineering of Group III-N heterostructures should allow us to prevent defect formation at the heterointerfaces ad to reduce the built-in electric field in the quantum wells. The strain, caused by lattice mismatch, may be decreased by incorporation of In into AlGaN. To monitor structural perfection of the quaternary compound AlInGaN and to evaluate electronic potential profile, we employed optical methods: reflectivity, site- selectively excited photoluminescence, photoluminescence excitation and time-resolved luminescence. AlGaN with the molar fraction of Al of 9% and two samples with the lattice mismatch reduced by partial substitution of Al by 1% and 2% of In were investigated. In AlGaN, the luminescence excited resonantly with the exciton position is red shifted. The photoluminescence excitation spectra indicate that the mobility edge is above the optical band gap, and the localization vanishes. These results show that the incorporation of approximately equals 2% indium into AlGaN leads to the disappearance of the band tail states and smoothing of the potential profile.
Measurement of transverse-single-spin asymmetries for midrapidity and forward-rapidity production of hadrons in polarized p+p collisions at $\sqrt{s}=$200 and 62.4 GeV (2013)

Measurements of transverse-single-spin asymmetries ($A_{N}$) in $p$$+$$p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=$62.4 and 200 GeV with the PHENIX detector at RHIC are presented. At midrapidity, $A_{N}$ is measured for neutral pion and eta mesons reconstructed from diphoton decay, and at forward rapidities, neutral pions are measured using both diphotons and electromagnetic clusters. The neutral-pion measurement of $A_{N}$ at midrapidity is consistent with zero with uncertainties a factor of 20 smaller than previous publications, which will lead to improved constraints on the gluon Sivers function. At higher rapidities, where the valence quark distributions are probed, the data exhibit sizable asymmetries. In comparison with previous measurements in this kinematic region, the new data extend the kinematic coverage in $\sqrt{s}$ and $p_T$, and it is found that the asymmetries depend only weakly on $\sqrt{s}$. The origin of the forward $A_{N}$ is presently not understood quantitatively. The extended reach to higher $p_T$ probes the transition between transverse momentum dependent effects at low $p_T$ and multi-parton dynamics at high $p_T$.
Brief announcement (2013)

We describe an algorithm for fully-anonymous broadcast in large-scale networks. The protocol is similar to the dining cryptographers networks (DC-Nets) in that both are based on secure multi-party computation (MPC) techniques. However, we address the weaknesses of DC-Nets, which are poor scalability and vulnerability to jamming attacks. When compared to the state-of-the-art, our protocol reduces the total bit complexity from O(n2) to Õ(n) per anonymous message sent in a network of size n at the expense of an increase in total latency from O(1) to polylog(n). Our protocol can tolerate up to 1/3 dishonest parties, which are controlled by a static computationally-unbounded Byzantine adversary.
Distributed Demand-Side Management in Smart Grid: How Imitation improves power scheduling (2015)

Demand-Side Management (DSM) systems represent an efficient method to improve the performance of Smart Grid infrastructures by controlling users' power loads. In this paper, we focus our analysis on fully distributed DSM systems especially designed to reduce the peak demand of groups of residential users. In our proposed scheme, each appliance decides autonomously its scheduling using only limited information on the energy price fixed by the retailer, thus greatly reducing the system complexity as well as the need of information exchanges. We develop two schedule-selection policies based on the Proportional Imitation Rule, where at each iteration all appliances switch to a new schedule with a probability proportional to the cost difference between the actual and cheapest schedules of the previous iteration. We analyze the proposed learning methods based on realistic instances in several use-case scenarios, and show their effectiveness in terms of cost reductions (both local and system-wide) as well as convergence speed to stable and efficient system equilibria.
Parasite OMICS, the grand challenges ahead (2022)

SPECIALTY GRAND CHALLENGE article Front. Parasitol., 05 August 2022Sec. Parasitology Omics https://doi.org/10.3389/fpara.2022.995302