gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Specular color imaging on a metallic substrate (2013)

We propose a full reproduction workflow for printing color images on metallic substrates. It relies on an ink spreading enhanced cellular Yule-Nielsen modified spectral Neugebauer model, calibrated with 35 color samples printed on the metal film and measured under specular reflection. The calibration accounts for the different phenomena contributing to the reflectance of halftone prints on metal: specular reflection by the metal film substrate of light traveling across the inks, illumination and viewing geometry, shadowing effect induced by the ink and difference in surface structure between the inked and non-inked metal halftone elements. The model enables predicting printable colors with an average CIELAB &#x394;E94 error of 1.7. Thanks to the model, the metal print gamut is established and a 3D table provides the correspondence between printable metallic colors viewed under specular reflection and the corresponding ink surface coverages. The input sRGB gamut is mapped into the print gamut. At halftone image generation time, surface coverages of the inks yielding the desired gamut mapped input colors are obtained from the 3D table. These ink surface coverages yield the ink separations that are halftoned and printed. The resulting color images printed on a silver substrate viewed under specular reflection reproduce the hues at a high degree of fidelity. The luminance of metallic prints under specular observation is generally higher than the luminance of paper under the same illuminating conditions. Therefore, the printed metallic colors appear more colorful. Such metal prints are attractive for design, art and publicity. Their high brightness immediately strikes the observer and transmits the message incorporated into the reproduced picture or artwork.
Generic workers (2010)

In this paper we introduce generic workers, a programming model for JavaScript unifying parallel and distributed computing paradigms, that allows the same application to run well on a variety of clients while utilizing the available resources in the best possible way. We describe the design and implementation of an infrastructure supporting our programming model and evaluate performance of selected applications running on devices with differing computational capabilities.
What Is a Plant Cell? A Response. (1991)

Should I laugh or should I cry? This was my initial response to Dr. Stafford's letter to the editor in the April issue of THE PLANT CELL (What is a plant cell? Plant Cell 3, 331, 1991). As a teacher of a cell biology course for close to 20 years, it is more than disconcerting for me to realize that even some college level biology teachers seem to be unable to properly define a cell, the basic unit of life and the basis for everything we biology teachers teach! How else can one rationalize Dr. Stafford's difficulty in comprehending such inherently simple terms as intracellular, in? tercellular, and extracellular in the context of a plant cell, unless there is a problem with the starting definition of a cell.
Vasopressin Inhibits Type-I Collagen and Albumin Gene Expression in Primary Cultures of Adult Rat Hepatocytes (1989)

The mechanisms that regulate collagen gene expression in hepatic cells are poorly understood. Accelerated Ca2+ fluxes are associated with inhibiting collagen synthesis selectively in human fibroblasts (Flaherty, M., and Chojkier, M. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 12060-12065). In suspension cultures of isolated hepatocytes, the Ca2+ agonist vasopressin increases cytosolic levels of free Ca2+ (Thomas, A.P., Marks, J.S., Coll, K.E., and Williamson, J. R. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 5716-5725). However, whether vasopressin's interactions with plasma membrane V1 receptors attenuate hepatic collagen production is unknown. We investigated this problem by studying vasopressin's effects on collagen synthesis and Ca2+ efflux in long-term primary cultures of differentiated and proliferation-competent adult rat hepatocytes. Twelve-day-old quiescent cultures were exposed to test substances and labeled with [5-3H]proline. Determinations of radioactivity in collagenase-sensitive and collagenase-resistant proteins were used to calculate the relative levels of collagen production. Synthetic [8-arg]vasopressin stimulated 45Ca2+ efflux within 1 min and inhibited hepatocyte collagen production within 3 h by 50%; overall rates of protein synthesis were not affected significantly. In cultures labeled with [35S]methionine, vasopressin also decreased the levels of newly synthesized and secreted albumin, but not fibrinogen, detected in specific immunoprecipitates analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. Northern blot analyses using specific [32P]cDNA probes revealed 70% decreases in hybridizable levels of collagen alpha 1(I) mRNA in hepatocyte cultures treated with either vasopressin or Ca2+ ionophore A23187; hybridizable levels of albumin mRNA also fell approximately 50% following vasopressin treatment. Vasopressin did not affect collagen production in quiescent cultures of mouse Swiss 3T3, human myofibroblast or rat smooth muscle cells; and hepatocyte collagen production was unaffected by treatment with glucagon or dibutyryl cAMP. Thus, accelerated Ca2+ fluxes induced by vasopressin are associated with decreased production of hepatocyte collagen and albumin in primary cultures that simulate quiescent adult rat liver.
Study of viruses co-infecting white clover (Trifolium repens) in China (2017)

Globally, white clover (Trifolium repens L.) is commonly infected by plant viruses. It is grown at gardens, roadsides, and public areas as ornamental plants in northern China. Some leaves present disease symptoms that are similar to those of virus infection. However, to our knowledge, no records are available from China regarding white clover (Trifolium repens L.) virus co-infection. To determine the viral species that infect white clover in China, plant samples with virus disease symptoms were collected and virion morphology and ultrastructure morphology of co-infected plants were observed by electron microscopy; viruses were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). Virus co-infection was studied by double antibody sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) after rub-inoculation of virus-free white clover planted in a growth chamber (25°C) with a photoperiod of 16 h, using single or several purified virions. Results showed that there were six types of symptoms, including those of shrinking mosaic, shrinking and macular mosaic, severe mottle mosaic, yellow macular mosaic, shrinkage chlorisis, and ring plaque and ring stria. The incidence rates for each symptom were 20.93, 1.48, 16.85, 59.07, 1.30, and 0.37%, respectively, based on the field investigation. Two types of viral pathogens were identified as Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) and White clover mosaic virus (WCMV). In mesophyll cells, virus particles with bacilliform virions formed aggregates and linear virions were bundle shaped. The detection rate of AMV was 100% in white clover samples by DAS-ELISA and RT-PCR detection, whereas that of WCMV was 83.33%. The co-infection rate was 83.33%. The relative contents of AMV and WCMV were significantly increased by 5.897- and 3.515-fold upon co-infection, when compared to that with single virus infection. We observed larger starch particles and fewer or collapsed chloroplast grana in co-infected plants; in addition, vacuoles were twisted and smaller, compared to those of healthy plants. To our knowledge, this is the first report of co-infection by AMV and WCMV in white clover, which has caused severe mosaicism and ultrastructure lesions in co-infected plants in China.
The 50th-Anniversary History Update of the IAS [IAS History] (2014)

Presents a complete history of the IEEE Industry Applications Society over the past fifty years.
Regulation of tumour necrosis factor‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL) and TRAIL receptor expression in human neutrophils (2004)

Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a member of the TNF superfamily, which is capable of inducing apoptosis in many cell types, including tumour and virus-infected cells, but rarely in normal cells. Expression of TRAIL mRNA and TRAIL receptors has previously been detected in neutrophils; however, the expression of TRAIL protein and the regulation of TRAIL and TRAIL receptor expression in these cells remain unknown. Here we report, for the first time, that neutrophils constitutively express TRAIL protein on their cell surface and that the TRAIL protein is shed during culture. TNF-alpha is a down-regulator of TRAIL expression, whereas IFN-gamma up-regulates the expression of TRAIL. Neutrophils did not express a detectable level of TRAIL-R1 or -R4, but constitutively expressed a low, but substantial, level of TRAIL-R2 and a high level of TRAIL-R3. Although the level of TRAIL-R2 was not significantly altered during culture under different experimental conditions, approximately 30% of TNF-alpha-treated cells rapidly lost their high-level TRAIL-R3 expression, whereas the majority of IFN-gamma-treated cells retained a high level of TRAIL-R3 expression. Anti-TRAIL neutralizing antibody significantly inhibited neutrophil apoptosis during cultures in medium alone, or in the presence of TNF-alpha or IFN-gamma. Thus, our study identified human neutrophils as a cellular source of TRAIL and suggests that neutrophil-derived TRAIL may play a role in immune surveillance. Our results also suggest a role for the TRAIL/TRAIL receptor system in neutrophil apoptosis.
Formulation of Mathematical Models for Estimating Residual Strain and Stress Components Correlated with 3-D Flow of Thermosetting Compounds (2004)

A method for continuously analyzing three-dimensional flow, variation of strain components and Young's modulus after gelation during the molding process of thermosetting compounds has been developed. In this analysis, Kamal's model was used to calculate the degree of cure and heat generation. A viscosity model was formulated as a function of temperature and degree of cure. Strain components were calculated by adding the contributions due to curing shrinkage and thermal change. The strain component due to curing shrinkage was modeled as a function of degree of cure. The strain component due to the thermal change was calculated as a function of temperature and the coefficient of linear expansion by considering the glass transition temperature. Young's modulus was calculated as a function of the degree of cure and temperature in relation to the glass transition temperature. These models were integrated using FLOW-3D® software, which is typically used for multipurpose 3-D flow analysis. Using the newly developed system, the molding process of a diode package was analyzed. The flow behavior in the mold cavity, the changes in the strain components and Young's modulus after gelation were calculated continuously. The proposed method can be utilized for the prediction of residual strain and residual stress in final products caused by flow and curing behavior during the molding process.
Need for Rigor in Design, Reporting, and Interpretation of Transcriptomic Biomarker Studies (2012)

We agree with Fu et al. that microRNAs (miRNA) likely regulate the human immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis ([5][1]). However, we are troubled by aspects of the design, reporting, and interpretation of that study.

First, RNA samples from individual subjects were pooled to create a single
Robust network traffic estimation via sparsity and low rank (2013)

Accurate estimation of origin-to-destination (OD) traffic flows provides valuable input for network management tasks. However, lack of flow-level observations as well as intentional and unintentional anomalies pose major challenges toward achieving this goal. Leveraging the low intrinsic-dimensionality of OD flows and the sparse nature of anomalies, this paper proposes a convex program with nuclear-norm and ℓ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> -norm regularization terms to estimate the nominal and anomalous traffic components, using a small subset of (possibly anomalous) flow counts in addition to link counts. Analysis and simulations confirm that the said estimator can exactly recover sufficiently low-dimensional nominal traffic and sparse enough anomalies when the routing matrix is column-incoherent, and an adequate amount of flow counts are randomly sampled. The results offer valuable insights about the measurement types and network scenaria giving rise to accurate traffic estimation. Tests with real Internet data corroborate the effectiveness of the novel estimator.
High-Frequency Chip Connections (2008)

Advanced interconnects will be required to keep pace with the increasing speed of future microelectronics.
Algorithme de Marching Cubes : Exploration architecturale et implantation optimisée sur circuits FPGA (2008)

electronic version (8 pp.)
Synthesis and Electronic Properties of Individual Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube/Polypyrrole Composite Nanocables (2005)

Nanocable devices (see Figure) of individual single-walled carbon nanotube/polypyrrole (PPy) and their synthesis, transport studies, and chemical-sensing applications are investigated. They exhibit suppressed conductance, in contrast to the anticipated combined conductance from the nanotubes and PPy. Further deposition of PPy leads to a recovery in conductance. These devices are demonstrated to work as chemical sensors.
Comparison of Molecular Testing Methods for Detecting BRAF V600 Mutations in Melanoma Specimens with Challenging Attributes (2015)

To ensure the appropriate assignment of vemurafenib to patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma, accurate detection of activating BRAF mutations is now a clinical imperative. However, the performance of commercially available test kits on challenging samples is unknown.
Event-by-event multi-harmonic correlations of different flow amplitudes in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{\rm NN}}}=2.76$ TeV (2021)

The genuine event-by-event correlations between three flow amplitudes are measured for the first time in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm {NN}}} = 2.76$ TeV by the ALICE Collaboration at the Large Hadron Collider. The results are obtained with recently developed observables, the higher order Symmetric Cumulants (SC), in the midrapidity region $|\eta| < 0.8$ and the transverse momentum range $0.2 < p_{\mathrm T} < 5.0$ GeV/$c$. These higher order observables show the same robustness against systematic biases arising from nonflow effects as the two-harmonic SC. The new results cannot be interpreted in terms of lower order flow measurements, since they are dominated by different patterns of event-by-event flow fluctuations. The results are compared with expectations from initial state models such as T$_{\rm{R}}$ENTo and next-to-leading order perturbative-QCD+saturation model of initial conditions, followed by iEBE-VISHNU and EKRT viscous hydrodynamic calculations. Model comparisons provide an indication of the development of genuine correlations between the elliptic $v_2$, the triangular $v_3$ and the quadrangular $v_4$ flow amplitudes during the collective evolution of the medium. The comparison with the predictions for the correlations between $v_2$, $v_3$ and the pentagonal flow magnitude $v_5$ illustrate the need for further tuning of model parameterizations. Therefore, these results can provide new and independent constraints for the initial conditions and system properties of nuclear matter created in heavy-ion collisions, complementary to previous flow measurements.
Disordered Brownmillerite Ba2InCeO5+δ with Enhanced Oxygen Reduction Activity (2012)

A disordered brownmillerite, Ba2InCeO5+δ, with slight tetragonal distortion from ideal cubic perovskite is synthesized and its oxygen reduction reactivity tested. The material displayed oxygen reduction behavior in alkaline solution comparable to that of standard 40 wt % Pt/C catalyst and attractive activity characteristics which renders it a potential system for low temperature fuel cell applications.
Ionospheric Threat Parameterization for Local Area Global-Positioning-System-Based Aircraft Landing Systems (2010)

Observations of extreme spatial rates of change of ionospheric electron content and the characterization strategy for mitigation applied by the U.S. local area augmentation system are shown. During extreme ionospheric activity, the gradient suffered by a global navigation satellite system user a few kilometers away from a ground reference station may reach as high as 425 mm of delay (at the GPS L1 frequency) per km of user separation. The method of data analysis that produced these results is described, and a threat space that parameterizes these possible threats to user integrity is defined. Certain configurations of user, reference station, global navigation satellite system satellite, and ionospheric storm-enhanced density may inhibit detection of the anomalous ionosphere by the reference station.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Claisen Rearrangement of Alkoxyallyl Enol Ethers. Evidence for a Dipolar Transition State. (1987)

Abstract Oxidation of the seleno acetal (I) gives the ethoxyallyl enol ether (II), which undergoes Claisen rearrangement to the ketone (III).
Revisiting Spectral Printing: A Data Driven Approach (2012)

Spectral printing is a well&#x2013;established part of imaging that can boast of a rich body of literature. Nonetheless there has been limited commercial uptake of this approach to visual content reproduction, in spite of its clear benefits. The aim of the present paper is therefore to explore what may lie behind this apparent mismatch by looking at how colorimetric (metameric) and spectral reproduction compare on an 11&#x2013;ink printing system. To aid the above exploration, the paper proposes a new metric for evaluating spectral reproduction in a visually meaningful way and presents an analysis of the spectral properties of colorimetric and spectral reproductions of a variety of original content including spot colors and fine art.
A Duplexed High-Throughput Screen to Identify Allosteric Modulators of the Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 and Glucagon Receptors (2014)

Injectable, degradation-resistant peptide agonists for the glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor (GLP-1R), such as exenatide and liraglutide, activate the GLP-1R via a complex orthosteric-binding site and are effective therapeutics for glycemic control in type 2 diabetes. Orally bioavailable orthosteric small-molecule agonists are unlikely to be developed, whereas positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) may offer an improved therapeutic profile. We hypothesize that allosteric modulators of the GLP-1R would increase the potency and efficacy of native GLP-1 in a spatial and temporally preserved manner and/or may improve efficacy or side effects of injectable analogs. We report the design, optimization, and initial results of a duplexed high-throughput screen in which cell lines overexpressing either the GLP-1R or the glucagon receptor were coplated, loaded with a calcium-sensitive dye, and probed in a three-phase assay to identify agonists, antagonists, and potentiators of GLP-1, and potentiators of glucagon. 175,000 compounds were initially screened, and progression through secondary assays yielded 98 compounds with a variety of activities at the GLP-1R. Here, we describe five compounds possessing different patterns of modulation of the GLP-1R. These data uncover PAMs that may offer a drug-development pathway to enhancing in vivo efficacy of both endogenous GLP-1 and peptide analogs.
Investigation of crystalline morphology in poly (ether ether ketone) using dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (1993)

The relaxation behavior of poly (ether ether ketone) [PEEK] has been investigated using dielectric relaxation spectroscopy; the glass-rubber ({alpha}) relaxation and a sub-glass ({beta}) relaxation were examined for the amorphous material and both cold-crystallized and melt-crystallized specimens. Analysis of the data using the Cole-Cole modification of the Debye equation allowed determination of the dielectric relaxation strength and relaxation broadening parameter for both transitions as a function of material crystallization history. The crystallized specimens displayed a positive offset in isochronal loss temperature for both the {alpha} and {beta} relaxations, with the {alpha} relaxation broadened significantly. The measured dipolar response was interpreted using a three-phase morphological model encompassing a crystalline phase, a mobile amorphous phase, and a rigid amorphous phase. Determination of phase fractions based on dipolar mobilization across the glass-rubber relaxation revealed a finite rigid amorphous phase fraction for both the cold-crystallized specimens which was relatively insensitive to thermal history and degree of crystallinity (W{sub RAP}40.20).
Hydrophobic, Hydrophilic, and Amphiphilic Polyglycocarbonates with Linear and Macrocyclic Architectures from Bicyclic Glycocarbonates Derived from CO2 and Glucoside (2017)

Two bicyclic glycocarbonates were synthesized in five steps from α-methyl-d-glucoside without resorting to phosgene or to its derivatives for the first time. The 4- and 6-positions of glucose were modified to introduce a six-membered carbonate ring, using CO2 as the carbonylating reagent; the 2- and 3-positions of the same glucoside substrate were first transformed into either methyl or triethylene glycol monomethyl ether groups to protect these positions from undesirable reactions and also to impart hydrophobicity in the first case and hydrophilicity in the second. The polymerization behavior of these bicyclic glycocarbonates was then investigated under different conditions. On the one hand, through ring-opening polymerization of the above monomers, linear polyglycocarbonate homopolymers and diblock copolymers were obtained initiated by p-methylbenzyl alcohol using 1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene (TBD) as catalyst; on the other hand, macrocyclic polyglycocarbonate homopolymers and diblock copolymers were grown using 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) which served as zwitterionic initiator. The various architectures derived were all thoroughly characterized by NMR, GPC, and MALDI-tof and shown to exhibit the expected structure. Finally, the self-assembly of linear and macrocyclic amphiphilic copolyglycocarbonates in water was investigated and characterized by cryo-TEM.
Enamel protection: a comparison of marketed dentifrice performance against dental erosion. (2011)

The stabilized SnF2 toothpaste included in these studies demonstrated a highly significant reduction in enamel surface loss, relative to the control, in each study: Study 1 = 65% reduction; Study 2 = 58% reduction when using citric acid and 84% reduction when using phosphoric acid. Products formulated with NaF resulted in a net loss of between +1% and -21%, with none of the NaF toothpastes performing significantly different from the control (P<0.05, ANOVA). For the SMFP product included in Study 2, results were also not significantly different from the NaF control. In both studies, the stabilized SnF2 paste demonstrated a highly significant level of protection compared to all other test groups included in the study, regardless of the type of dietary acid challenge considered.