gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Power density investigation on the press-pack IGBT 3L-HB-VSCs applied to large (2011)

With three different DC-side and AC-side connections, the three-level H-bridge voltage source converters (3L-HB-VSCs) are alternatives to 3L neutral-point-clamped VSCs (3L-NPC-VSCs) for interfacing large wind turbines with electricity grids. In order to assess their feasibility for large wind turbines, they should be investigated in terms of power density, which is one of the most important design criteria for wind turbine converters due to turbine nacelle space limitation. In this study, by means of the converter electro-thermal models based on the converter characteristics, the power capabilities, DC capacitor sizes, converter cabinet volumes of the three 3L-HB-VSCs utilizing press-pack IGBTs are investigated in order to quantify and compare the power densities of the 3L-HB-VSCs employed as grid-side converters. Also, the suitable transformer types for the 3L-HB-VSCs are determined and comparatively studied in terms of volume and weight in order to estimate the size effects of the 3L-HB-VSC topology on the whole wind turbine connection system. Finally, based on the power density and transformer-size investigations, the feasibility of each 3L-HB-VSC is discussed.
Re-Keying Scheme Revisited: Security Model and Instantiations (2019)

The re-keying scheme is a variant of the symmetric encryption scheme where a sender (respectively, receiver) encrypts (respectively, decrypts) plaintext with a temporal session key derived from a master secret key and publicly-shared randomness. It is one of the system-level countermeasures against the side channel attacks (SCAs), which make attackers unable to collect enough power consumption traces for their analyses by updating the randomness (i.e., session key) frequently. In 2015, Dobraunig et al. proposed two kinds of re-keying schemes. The first one is a scheme without the beyond birthday security, which fixes the security vulnerability of the previous re-keying scheme of Medwed et al. Their second scheme is an abstract scheme with the beyond birthday security, which, as a black-box, consists of two functions; a re-keying function to generate a session key and a tweakable block cipher to encrypt plaintext. They assumed that the tweakable block cipher was ideal (namely, secure against the related key, chosen plaintext, and chosen ciphertext attacks) and proved the security of their scheme as a secure tweakable block cipher. In this paper, we revisit the re-keying scheme. The previous works did not discuss security in considering the SCA well. They just considered that the re-keying scheme was SCA resistant when the temporal session key was always refreshed with randomness. In this paper, we point out that such a discussion is insufficient by showing a concrete attack. We then introduce the definition of an SCA-resistant re-keying scheme, which captures the security against such an attack. We also give concrete schemes and discuss their security and applications.
Relevance feedback and query expansion (2008)

Class-tested and coherent, this textbook teaches classical and web information retrieval, including web search and the related areas of text classification and text clustering from basic concepts. It gives an up-to-date treatment of all aspects of the design and implementation of systems for gathering, indexing, and searching documents; methods for evaluating systems; and an introduction to the use of machine learning methods on text collections. All the important ideas are explained using examples and figures, making it perfect for introductory courses in information retrieval for advanced undergraduates and graduate students in computer science. Based on feedback from extensive classroom experience, the book has been carefully structured in order to make teaching more natural and effective. Slides and additional exercises (with solutions for lecturers) are also available through the book's supporting website to help course instructors prepare their lectures.
Efficient estimation of inter-subband speech correlations (2016)

We propose an approach to compute the inter-subband correlation (ISBC) of noisy speech signals to distinguish between speech and noise segments in the time-frequency plane. The proposed spectral correlation estimator provides information about the input signal which can be used to derive a binary mask or the speech-presence probability. Unlike other approaches it does not require an estimate of the noise power. To this end we analyse a received noisy speech signal in the modulation domain and identify similarly modulated subband signals within a range of modulation frequencies that are typical for speech signals. Based on this pre-processing step, we identify a single reference subband that most likely contains speech and estimate the spectral correlations with respect to this reference band. The algorithm proposed in this paper aims at a very low computational complexity which makes it suitable for hearing aids.
Investigation of Triangular Defects in 4H-SiC 4° Off Cut (0001) Si Face Epilayers Grown by CVD (2008)

Triangular defects and inverted pyramid type defects formed during homoepitaxial growth on 4H-SiC Si face, 4° off-cut towards [11-20] direction have been investigated. Growth parameters responsible for triangular defect formation were identified and optimized for its reduction in this study. It was found that although the high temperature reduces the density of inverted pyramid type defects, it is not the only remedy for reducing their density and cleanliness of susceptor along with the initial growth condition plays a major role in the formation of these defects.
Time evolution of lubricant~slider dynamic interactions (2003)

This paper presents time evolution studies of slider dynamics as a result of lubricant-slider interaction. Lubricant moguls and ripples are observed to form and they change in frequency and amplitude, following the slider dynamics. The slider motion and lubricant thickness modulation appear to build on each other. Eventually when enough lubricant is lost, mogul and ripple amplitudes decrease and the slider dynamics stabilizes.
FutureTox II: In vitro Data and In Silico Models for Predictive Toxicology (2015)

FutureTox II, a Society of Toxicology Contemporary Concepts in Toxicology workshop, was held in January, 2014. The meeting goals were to review and discuss the state of the science in toxicology in the context of implementing the NRC 21st century vision of predicting in vivo responses from in vitro and in silico data, and to define the goals for the future. Presentations and discussions were held on priority concerns such as predicting and modeling of metabolism, cell growth and differentiation, effects on sensitive subpopulations, and integrating data into risk assessment. Emerging trends in technologies such as stem cell-derived human cells, 3D organotypic culture models, mathematical modeling of cellular processes and morphogenesis, adverse outcome pathway development, and high-content imaging of in vivo systems were discussed. Although advances in moving towards an in vitro/in silico based risk assessment paradigm were apparent, knowledge gaps in these areas and limitations of technologies were identified. Specific recommendations were made for future directions and research needs in the areas of hepatotoxicity, cancer prediction, developmental toxicity, and regulatory toxicology.
Printing antenna on paper: A cost-effective method (2014)

In this paper we investigated the feasibility of manufacturing planar antennas on paper substrate using the screen-printing method. We designed and manufactured dipole, bowtie and patch antennas and measured their performance.
Recommendations on qPCR/ddPCR Assay Validation by GCC (2022)

Gene therapy, cell therapy and vaccine research have led to an increased use of qPCR/ddPCR in bioanalytical laboratories. CROs are progressively undertaking the development and validation of qPCR and ddPCR assays. Currently, however, there is limited regulatory guidance for the use of qPCR and a complete lack of any regulatory guidelines for the use of the newer ddPCR to support regulated bioanalysis. Hence, the Global CRO Council in Bioanalysis (GCC) has issued this White Paper to provide; 1) a consensus on the different validation parameters required to support qPCR/ddPCR assays; 2) a harmonized approach to their validation and 3) a consistent development of standard operating procedures (SOPs) for all the bioanalytical laboratories using these techniques.
The clustering phenomena of magnetic and non-magnetic particles in magnetic fluids (1999)

Magnetic fluids are suspension of ferromagnetic particles less than 10nm in diameter and it is well-known for the chain(cluster) formation of the magnetic particles under the magnetic field. In the present paper, using the light scattering from the particles, direct visualization on the behavior of cluster formation of the ferromagnetic particle and non-magnetic particles have been made under the magnetic field.
A Memory Unit for Priority Management in IPSec Accelerators (2007)

This paper introduces a hardware architecture for high speed network processors, focusing on support for quality of service in IPSec-dedicated systems. The effort is aimed at defining a secure system on chip environment, where the speed and security requirements are of utmost importance. In particular, a method is devised to introduce and support quality of service through priorities at this level. An architecture of a memory system that provides automatic priority management is proposed.
Systematic Comparison of Sets of 13C NMR Spectra That Are Potentially Identical. Confirmation of the Configuration of a Cuticular Hydrocarbon from the Cane Beetle Antitrogus parvulus (2014)

A systematic process is introduced to compare (13)C NMR spectra of two (or more) candidate samples of known structure to a natural product sample of unknown structure. The process is designed for the case where the spectra involved can reasonably be expected to be very similar, perhaps even identical. It is first validated by using published (13)C NMR data sets for the natural product 4,6,8,10,16,18-hexamethyldocosane. Then the stereoselective total syntheses of two candidate isomers of the related 4,6,8,10,16-pentamethyldocosane natural product are described, and the process is applied to confidently assign the configuration of the natural product as (4S,6R,8R,10S,16S). This is accomplished even though the chemical shift differences between this isomer and its (16R)-epimer are only ±5-10 ppb (±0.005-0.01 ppm).
Two-Step Decomposition Behavior of Rice Straw as Treated by Semi-Flow Hot-Compressed Water (2013)

Decomposition behavior of rice (Oryza sativa) straw, as one of the monocotyledonous angiosperms, was investigated under the two-step semi-flow hot-compressed water at 230°C/10 MPa/15 min (1st stage) and 270 °C/10 MPa/30 min (2nd stage). Prior to the hot-compressed water treatment, cold-water extraction at 20°C/10 MPa/30 min was performed. It was consequently found that some inorganic constituents and free neutral sugars such as xylose, arabinose, glucose and mannose, which would not be chemically bonded with the plant cell wall, were recovered in the cold-water extractives. On the other hand, in the 1st stage, hemicellulose, pectin and para-crystalline cellulose, whose crystalline structure is somewhat disordered, were selectively hydrolyzed, as well as lignin being partially decomposed. In addition, protein was found to be hydrolyzed and formed into various amino acids. Hydrolysis of crystalline cellulose was, however, observed in the 2nd stage. Some additional decomposition of lignin and protein was revealed at this stage as well. In total, 97.9% of oven-dried extractives-free rice straw sample could be solubilized into cold and hot-compressed water. Various products in the water-soluble portion were primarily recovered as saccharides (hydrolyzed products of the polysaccharides), which were partially isomerized and then dehydrated and fragmented. The 2.1% of residue after the treatment was composed mainly of lignin and a trace of silica.
Elevated Expression of Type VIII Collagen Gene in the Atherosclerotic Plaque of the ApoE‐Deficient Mouse (2001)

The proliferation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) is a key event in the development of atherosclerosis. To compare the nature of SMCs from advanced atherosclerotic lesions and normal aortic segments, we established SMC lines from plaque-containing portions (P) and non-plaque portions (NP) of aortas of apolipoprotein-E-deficient mice. Differential display showed several transcripts that were differentially expressed in P and NP lines. One of the transcripts whose expression was elevated in P lines compared to their NP counterparts was for type VIII collagen. Type VIII collagen transcripts were also readily detectable by RT-PCR in RNA isolated from plaques freshly dissected from apolipoprotein-E-deficient mice, but not in RNA isolated from the normal part of the aorta or from adventitia. In situ hybridization showed localization of Col8alpha1 transcripts near the luminal surface of the plaque. Thus, differential production of type VIII collagen in SMCs from atherosclerotic plaques continues when the cells are maintained in culture.
Estimation of Internal Filtration Flow Rate in a Dialyzer by a Doppler Ultrasonography (2004)

Several types of dialyzers with enhanced internal filtration have been introduced in order to increase solute clearance, especially in relatively larger molecular solutes. In these dialyzers, enhanced internal filtration increased convective transport of the solute in addition to diffusive transport. The internal filtration flow rate (Q IF ) has not, however, been measured in clinical situations, because none of monitoring techniques can measure this value. Herein, the Q IF value was estimated during an experimental and an analytical study. Namely, we measured blood flow velocity in a cross‐sectional plane of the dialyzer by pulse Doppler ultrasonography. An in vitro study with bovine blood was carried out to determine the local blood flow velocity profile with a newly designed probe slider that enables parallel movement of the probe along the dialyzer. Furthermore, an analytical model was newly introduced to calculate changes in flow rate and pressure of blood and dialysate streams and solute concentrations along the dialyzer. The Q IF value could be estimated by a simulation analysis to the experimental data using the analytical model.
Supplementary Methods, Figures 1-4 from Histone Deacetylase Cytoplasmic Trapping by a Novel Fluorescent HDAC Inhibitor (2023)

Supplementary Methods, Figures 1-4 from Histone Deacetylase Cytoplasmic Trapping by a Novel Fluorescent HDAC Inhibitor
Maximizing Limited Resources: a Limit-Based Study and Taxonomy of Out-of-Order Commit (2018)

Out-of-order execution is essential for high performance, general-purpose computation, as it can find and execute useful work instead of stalling. However, it is typically limited by the requirement of visibly sequential, atomic instruction execution—in other words, in-order instruction commit. While in-order commit has a number of advantages, such as providing precise interrupts and avoiding complications with the memory consistency model, it requires the core to hold on to resources (reorder buffer entries, load/store queue entries, physical registers) until they are released in program order. In contrast, out-of-order commit can release some resources much earlier, yielding improved performance and/or lower resource requirements. Non-speculative out-of-order commit is limited in terms of correctness by the conditions described in the work of Bell and Lipasti (2004). In this paper we revisit out-of-order commit by examining the potential performance benefits of lifting these conditions one by one and in combination, for both non-speculative and speculative out-of-order commit. While correctly handling recovery for all out-of-order commit conditions currently requires complex tracking and expensive checkpointing, this work aims to demonstrate the potential for selective, speculative out-of-order commit using an oracle implementation without speculative rollback costs. Through this analysis of the potential of out-of-order commit, we learn that: a) there is significant untapped potential for aggressive variants of out-of-order commit; b) it is important to optimize the out-of-order commit depth for a balanced design, as smaller cores benefit from reduced depth while larger cores continue to benefit from deeper designs; c) the focus on implementing only a subset of the out-of-order commit conditions could lead to efficient implementations; d) the benefits of out-of-order commit increases with higher memory latency and in conjunction with prefetching; e) out-of-order commit exposes additional parallelism in the memory hierarchy.
Regenerative fuel cells for energy storage: efficiency and weight trade-offs (2005)

In optimizing regenerative fuel cell systems for a given application, the operating efficiency of both the fuel cell and electrolyzer may be traded against the stack mass. Both efficiency and mass are important characteristics for energy storage, particularly for aerospace applications. This paper reports the results of a trade-off study conducted to optimize the design of regenerative fuel cell systems used in conjunction with a PV array. The results suggest that high efficiency does not necessarily provide the highest specific energy, and that the highest specific energy of the energy storage subsystem does not result in the lowest mass of the entire power system. Optimum cell voltage (in both fuel cell and eleetrolyzer modes) strongly depends on the duty cycle of the system, i.e., duration of chargingldlscharging and capacity factor in charging and discharging, as well as the fuel cell I electrolyzer polarization curves and hydrogedoxygen storage characteristics. the advanced battery systems. These regenerative fuel cell systems may be used in applications where relatively large amounts of energy must he stored. These applications include energy storage for remote off-grid power sources, emergency or back-up power generation, zero emission vehicles, hybrid energy storagdpropulsion systems for spacecraft, and high
Effects of defect propagation/growth on in-line defect based yield prediction (2002)

The advantages of predicting the yield of the wafers before they reach the end-of-line are manifold. They include: detection and elimination of yield-limiting process excursions and adjustment of wafer starts to meet the demand schedule. In-line defect measurements are the key enablers of the functional yield prediction. Other factors include parametric measurements. The purpose of this paper is to examine the extension of the yield model system to include intra-layer and inter-layer defect propagation statistics. Using real fabline data we present and discuss the results of intra-layer and interlayer defect propagation. The key steps in our yield prediction model are the extraction of critical areas of different layers from the device layout, and analysis of the in-line defect data such as identification of cluster and random defects, separation of 'adder' and 'common' defects, and estimation of defect size distribution.
Treatment of N,N-Dibenzylamino Alcohols with Sulfonyl Chloride Leads to Rearranged β-Chloro Amines, Precursors to β-Amino Acids, and Not to Tetrahydroisoquinolines (2000)

[reaction: see text] Very recently, the unexpected formation of 3-substituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines starting from N,N-dibenzyl-protected beta-amino alcohols was reported. The authors claimed that treatment with tosyl chlorides induced intramolecular Friedel-Crafts alkylation. Reexamination of the reactions in our laboratory clearly proved rearranged chloro amines instead of the initially assumed tetrahydoisoquinoline structures. The chloro amines investigated can be employed as highly useful intermediates for an EPC synthesis of beta-amino nitriles and beta-amino acids.
Discussion of Multi-Robot Exploration in Communication-Limited Environments (2013)

Many robotics applications benefit from cooperative exploration by multiple robots. Often the environments that they operate in contain significant communication challenges due to their size or complexity. There has been much work in keeping teams of autonomously exploring robots connected to one another, but in certain environments, distant locations can only be reached if robots relay information via teammates or explore autonomously beyond team communication range.
A Novel Route to 4-Aryl-5,6-dihydro-1,2-oxathiin-2,2-dioxides and Related Heterocyclic Systems (1997)

The addition of a tri n-butylstannyl radical to arene and heteroarene sulfonate esters of homopropargyl alcohol triggers a sequence of [1,6] ipso-substitution followed by 6-endo addition and elimination to yield unusual 4-aryl-5,6-dihydro-1,2-oxathiin-2,2-dioxides and related heterocyclic systems.
Critical, but Conditional, Role of OX40 in Memory T Cell-Mediated Rejection (2006)

Memory T cells can be a significant barrier to the induction of transplant tolerance. However, the molecular pathways that can regulate memory T cell-mediated rejection are poorly defined. In the present study we tested the hypothesis that the novel alternative costimulatory molecules (i.e., ICOS, 4-1BB, OX40, or CD30) may play a critical role in memory T cell activation and memory T cell-mediated rejection. We found that memory T cells, generated by either homeostatic proliferation or donor Ag priming, induced prompt skin allograft rejection regardless of CD28/CD154 blockade. Phenotypic analysis showed that, in contrast to naive T cells, such memory T cells expressed high levels of OX40, 4-1BB, and ICOS on the cell surface. In a skin transplant model in which rejection was mediated by memory T cells, blocking the OX40/OX40 ligand pathway alone did not prolong the skin allograft survival, but blocking OX40 costimulation in combination with CD28/CD154 blockade induced long-term skin allograft survival, and 40% of the recipients accepted their skin allograft for >100 days. In contrast, blocking the ICOS/ICOS ligand and the 4-1BB/4-1BBL pathways alone or combined with CD28/CD154 blockade had no effect in preventing skin allograft rejection. OX40 blockade did not affect the homeostatic proliferation of T cells in vivo, but markedly inhibited the effector functions of memory T cells. Our data demonstrate that memory T cells resisting to CD28/CD154 blockade in transplant rejection are sensitive to OX40 blockade and suggest that OX40 is a key therapeutic target in memory T cell-mediated rejection.
Trends and Challenges in Si and Hetero-Junction Tunnel Field Effect Transistors (2011)

This paper gives an overview of the different trends and challenges of fully Si-based and hetero-junction tunnel field effect transistors (TFETs). The different horizontal and vertical approaches are discussed in view of processing aspects and device performance. A benchmarking is given of the state-of-the-art experimental data reported in the literature, enabling to highlight the potentials of these emerging devices.
Figure S3 from TEM8/ANTXR1-Specific CAR T Cells as a Targeted Therapy for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;L2 2G and L2 3G CAR T cell normalization and functional testing.&lt;/p&gt;
Method and system for automated on-chip material and structural certification of MEMS devices (2023)

A new approach toward MEMS quality control and materials characterization is provided by a combined test structure measurement and mechanical response modeling approach. Simple test structures are cofabricated with the MEMS devices being produced. These test structures are designed to isolate certain types of physical response, so that measurement of their behavior under applied stress can be easily interpreted as quality control and material properties information.