gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultrabright Room-Temperature Emission from Single Plasmon-Enhanced Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Diamond (2018)

We report unprecedentedly bright fluorescence from single nitrogen-vacancy centers in nanodiamonds. The intensity enhancement is achieved by placing nanodiamonds in gaps between a metal film and randomly dispersed metal nanoparticles. The shortening of fluorescence lifetime below 1 ns combined with an efficient outcoupling of plasmons into the far-field lead to a detected fluorescence intensity in the range of 107 counts per second (cps). The photostability of nitrogen-vacancy centers allows reaching the saturation regime and estimating the total brightness enhancement resulting from the use of plasmonic nanostructures.
Agent-based experimental investigations of the robustness of tactical planning and control policies in a softwood lumber supply chain (2011)

This article investigates the robustness of different tactical planning and control policies for a softwood supply&#13;\nchain using an agent-based environment that simulates a distributed advanced planning and scheduling system&#13;\nand its corresponding supply chain operations. Simulations were modelled using a novel agent-based&#13;\nmethodology combined with a robust experimental design approach and an industrial data set obtained from&#13;\ntwo companies in Eastern Canada. Experimental results provide insights about the dynamic relations among&#13;\nfactors related to control levels, planning methods and planning horizon lengths. Results indicate that supply&#13;\nchain control levels play a relevant role in defining robust service levels, while the planning horizon and the&#13;\nplanning method have lower impact in this context. In addition, from the supply chain inventory level point of&#13;\nview, we verified that the three investigated tactical rules have to be configured together if one desires to maximise&#13;\ntheir contribution for a robust supply chain system capable of coping with uncertainties from the business&#13;\nenvironment. When these rules are evaluated individually, it is not possible to make the most of their potential&#13;\ndue to interactions between them. The article concludes by proposing an optimum robust configuration of the&#13;\ntactical rules to minimise the impact of supply chain uncertainties
On-Machine Inspection for Rotorcraft Manufacturing (2016)

The inspection step of rotorcraft component fabrication is critical to the manufacturing process. Inspection is essential for demonstrating that component quality meets engineering requirements and tolerances. Engineering specifications often require components to undergo coordinate measuring machine (CMM) inspections more than once during manufacturing. Off-line CMM inspection can introduce lengthy delays due to CMM backlogs and/or operator availability. The ability to perform inspections while the manufactured component remains in-position (on the machining platform) presents an opportunity to eliminate set-up time, reduce manufacturing span and lower inspection costs. The capability, referred to as On-Machine Inspection (OMI), has been implemented at Bell Helicopter on a large machining system to inspect several military and commercial composite components. An innovative calibration artifact and validation method is described. The approach ensures high inspection integrity and allows for rapid manufacturing resolution when data anomalies occur. The use of OMI on a main rotor yoke has resulted in a dramatic reduction in manufacturing span and inspection duration.
Highly efficient video coding based on quadtree structures, improved motion compensation, and probability interval partitioning entropy coding (2011)

Today, H.264/AVC is the state-of-the-art video coding standard. Especially after the 2004 development of its High Profile (HP), it has become one of the primary formats in HDTV content delivery. In January 2010, a joint Call for Proposals (CfP) on video compression technology has been issued by ISO/IEC MPEG and ITU-T VCEG, targeting at a new generation of video compression technology with a substantially higher compression capability than H.264/AVC. As a response to this CfP, Fraunhofer HHI proposed a newly developed video coding scheme which achieves bit rate savings of around 30% when compared to H.264/AVC HP. This paper describes the proposed video coding scheme and discusses its innovative features.
Quantitative Laser Scanning Confocal Autofluorescence Microscopy (Lscam) of Normal and Premalignant Colonic Tissues (1997)

Abstract Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) spectroscopy of tissues has been proposed as an adjunct to endoscopy for in vivo gastrointestinal (GI) diagnosis of premalignant lesions. In previous studies, under ultraviolet excitation (350-370 nm), sources of LIF signal differences in normal, and premalignant colonie tissues have been identified including 1) changes in gross tissue morphology, 2) increased hemoglobin absorption in adenomatous tissues, and 3) increased red fluorescence in dysplastic cells. However, many questions remain regarding the specific origins and biochemical correlates of GI tissue autofluorescence. We report on a study of quantitative ultraviolet LIF spectral microscopy in human colonic tissues using a laser scanning confocal microscope with argon laser excitation 351-364 nm. Frozen sections (6μm) of normal colon (n=10) and tubular adenoma (n=8) were prepared from fresh surgical resection specimens using a previously published protocol. To identify histological components accurately, LSCAM slides were alcohol fixed and H&amp;E histologically stained following confocal imaging.
Copper Loss Minimization Control at Zero Output Voltage for Electrolytic Capacitor-Less Inverter (2018)

To reduce the cost of AC-DC-AC systems, a single-phase-to-three-phase electrolytic capacitor-less inverter is proposed. Because the inverter does not have an energy storage system, such as an electrolytic capacitor and a reactor, it controls both the motor and source currents. In particular, to meet the guidelines for a harmonic source current, it is necessary to control the source current under sinusoidal waveform conditions. However, the DC-link voltage then becomes an absolute value of the source voltage, and the output voltage is almost zero near the zero-crossing point. In the zero-output-voltage region, the motor current response deteriorates while controlling the sinusoidal source current. When the motor speed is high, copper loss is significantly large because the motor current in the zero-output-voltage region depends on the back-electromotive force of the motor. To suppress the increasing copper loss in the zero-output-voltage region, this paper proposes a copper-loss minimization control method that utilizes the initial-condition response of the motor current. The proposed method is validated by experiment.
Supramolecular Structures of Titanium(IV)‐Substituted Wells–Dawson Polyoxotungstates (2003)

Abstract The novel, dimeric titanium( IV )‐substituted phosphotungstate [(TiP 2 W 15 O 55 OH) 2 ] 14− ( 1 ) has been synthesized and characterized by IR and 31 P NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and single‐crystal Xray diffraction. The polyanion consists of two [P 2 W 15 O 56 ] 12− Wells–Dawson moieties linked through two titanium( IV ) centers. Polyanion 1 is a dilacunary species and represents the first Ti‐containing sandwich‐type structure. The titanium centers are octahedrally coordinated by three oxygen atoms of each P 2 W 15 O 56 subunit. The edge‐shared TiO 6 units are symmetrically equivalent and have no terminal ligands. Polyanion 1 shows a chiral distortion within each P 2 W 15 Ti fragment. We also report on the structural characterization of the tetrameric, supramolecular species [{Ti 3 P 2 W 15 O 57.5 (OH) 3 } 4 ] 24− ( 2 ). Polyanion 2 is composed of four equivalent P 2 W 15 Ti 3 fragments, fused together through terminal TiO bonds, leading to a structure with T d symmetry.
Supraventricular Tachycardia (2007)

SEARCH FOR REVERSIBLE CAUSES OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION The initial evaluation of a patient with atrial fibrillation includes not only a history, physical examination, and confirmation of the presence of atrial fibrillation by electrocardiography but also an effort to identify potentially reversible causes of atrial fibrillation. Reversible causes include myocardial infarction, cardiac surgery, pericarditis, alcohol use, pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, hyperthyroidism, atrial septal defect, caffeine use, pheochromocytoma, chest tumor, stroke, and Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.
Identification of small RNAs in Francisella tularensis (2010)

Our findings suggest that F. tularensis encodes a significant number of non-coding regulatory RNAs, including members of well conserved families of structural and housekeeping RNAs and other poorly conserved transcripts that may have evolved more recently to help F. tularensis deal with the unique and diverse set of environments with which it must contend.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Induction of potent neutralizing antibody responses by a designed protein nanoparticle vaccine for respiratory syncytial virus. (2019)

In vitro assembly yields highly ordered immunogens with tunable antigen density d The nanoparticle immunogens induce potent neutralizing antibody responses d Fusion of DS-Cav1 to the trimeric nanoparticle subunit stabilizes the antigen
NO<sub>2</sub> Sensing Properties of WO<sub>3</sub> Gate-fitted FET Device (2003)

A field effect transistor (FET) device fitted with a WO3 layer over the gate area exhibited almost ideal FET behavior at 150 and 180°C in air containing various concentrations of NO2. Under the conditions of fixed source-drain voltage (3.0 V) and fixed drain current (450 μA), the gate-source voltage (VGS) was found to increase linearly with an increase in the logarithm of NO2 concentration over the range of several tens to 700 ppb NO2, proving its potentiality to work as an environmental NO2 sensor. However the times of 90%-response and -recovery to switching-on and -off 50 ppb NO2 were as long as 10 and 25 min even at 180°C, respectively. Cross sensitivity test revealed that the device was totally insensitive to CO2, but rather sensitive to NO. Water vapor was found to give a serious disturbance to the device: The Vgs response to NO2 as well as its dependence on NO2 concentration changed with a change in relative humidity.
High-throughput screening of metal chelating compounds (2005)

An effective high throughput screening technique is described for the rapid analysis of solid-supported libraries to identify selective chelating agents for metals, focusing on those possibly present in radioactive dispersal devices. Micro X-ray Fluorescence (MXRF) is the method of choice. MXRF is a rapid and sensitive technique which allows the measurement of metal-chelator complexes without significant sample preparation. For this study we have employed commercial peptide libraries and have examined factors such as side-chain charge, oligopeptide length, hydrophobicity, and aromaticity in relation to metal binding. MXRF provides a rapid and quantitative means for screening chelator-ion binding. Initial experiments carried out successfully identified sequences that are selective for Co under certain binding conditions containing possible interferences (e.g. Ca, Fe, Al, Cs, Ir), which could be encountered in our application.
Front Cover: Mitochondria‐Targeting Polyamine–Protoporphyrin Conjugates for Photodynamic Therapy (ChemMedChem 1/2018) (2018)

The Front Cover shows photodynamic therapy (PDT) agents targeting and attacking mitochondria through their two polyamine linkers. Protoporphyrin IX derivatives tethering four- or eight-amine moieties with rigid spacers have great potential for use in mitochondrial targeting, which was clearly visualized by confocal imaging studies. With light activation, these PDT agents can damage the cells. The molecules exhibit excellent singlet oxygen quantum yields and show strong in vitro PDT efficacy after 660 nm laser irradiation in HT29 colorectal cancer and HEP3B liver cancer cell lines. This work demonstrates that polyamine moieties on photosensitizers can enhance PDT efficacy by targeting mitochondria. More information can be found in the Communication by Fargol Taba, Akira Onoda, Takashi Hayashi et al. on page 15 in Issue 1, 2018 (DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201700467).
A Secure Ordered Multisignature without Random Oracles (2012)

Ordered multisignature scheme is a signature scheme to guarantee both validity of an electronic document and its signing order. Although the security of most of such schemes has been proven in the random oracle model, the difficulty of implementation of the random oracle implies that the security should be proven without random oracles, i.e. in the standard model. A straightforward way to construct such schemes in the standard model is to apply an aggregate signature scheme by Ahn et al. and an aggregate signature scheme by Lu et al., both of which are based on CDH problem, but these schemes are inefficient in the sense that its computational cost of pairing computation and the size of public keys depend upon the length of (a hash value of) the message. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a CDH-based ordered multisignature scheme whose computational cost for pairing computation and the size of public key are independent of the length of (a hash value of) the message. We also point out a bug of the scheme by Boldyreva et al., and analyze the security of our scheme under a moderate attack model along with fixing the bug.
Crinipellins, the First Natural Products with a Tetraquinane Skeleton (1985)

The range of cyclopentanoid natural products that exhibit antibiotic activity is expanded by the isolation of the crinipellins, for example, crinipellin A 1a and its O-acetyl derivative 1b. These diterpenoids, which contain an α-methylene ketone group, are produced by cultures of the fungus Crinipellis stipitaria.
Phenotypic and Functional Differences Between Wild-Type and CCR2−/− Dendritic Cells: Implications for Islet Transplantation (2008)

In summary, lack of CCR2 interferes with the allostimulatory capacity of DC and promotes the generation of regulatory T cells. This is the first demonstration of a mechanistic link between targeting a specific chemokine pathway and the DC-regulatory T cell axis in alloimmunity.
Amino Acid Catalyzed Asymmetric Carbohydrate Formation: Organocatalytic One‐Step de novo Synthesis of Keto and Amino Sugars. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Initial Stages of HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein-Mediated Cell Fusion Monitored by a New Assay Based on Redistribution of Fluorescent Dyes (1991)

Membrane fusion is an essential step in the infection of permissive cells with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Infected cells frequently fuse with each other, and then progress to form multinucleated giant cells (syncytia). To gain insight into mechanisms of HIV env-mediated membrane fusion, we developed a new assay for studying the initial events. The assay is based on the redistribution of fluorescent markers between membranes and cytoplasm of adjacent cells examined by means of fluorescence video microscopy. Membrane fusion between HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (gp120/41) expressing effector cells and CD4+ target cells was observed 90 min after the association of cells, whereas the first syncytia only became apparent after 5 h. Moreover, membrane fusion events were observed under conditions where no syncytia were detected, for example, when the effector:target cell ratio was greater than 100:1, or less than 1:100. A significant number of cells with fused membranes were not involved in the syncytia. In order to determine whether quantitative differences in receptor expression might influence the extent of membrane fusion, we used laboratory-selected variants of CEM cells that differ in their expression of CD4. We found that CD4 is required on the target membrane for HIV env-mediated membrane fusion, but its extent is only partially dependent on CD4 surface concentration. The ability of those CEM variants to take part in HIV env-mediated membrane fusion did not correlate with their capacity to form syncytia. These findings indicate that additional steps are needed to form syncytia after membrane fusion.
Further aspects of the influence of electron-hole separation on the recombination probability in photochromic glasses (1981)

Abstract It is shown, from a consideration of its definition, that the Fermi level must vary as a photochromic glass darkens and fades. This phenomenon is shown to be responsible for the large effect that the concentration of copper exerts on the fading rate. It is postulated that the interaction of the emptied copper levels and the silver speck give rise to an image potential. It is further postulated that hole trapping is not probable unless the image potential of the copper lies above the Fermi level. This phenomenon coupled with the varying Fermi level explains why increased copper concentrations cause photochromic glasses to become darker at low temperatures but lighter at high temperature. It also explains why the level of darkening at steady state varies in a superlinear manner with the intensity of ultraviolet excitation.
Amorphization of Ge/Al or Si/Al bilayer specimens induced by 1 MeV electron irradiation at 10 K (1989)

Abstract The effects of 1 MeV electron irradiation on crystalline Ge/Al or Si/Al bilayer specimens at 10 K have been studied in situ by high-voltage electron microscopy. It is demonstrated that a crystalline-to-amorphous (c-to-a) transition takes place at the interface of a Ge/Al bilayer specimen only if the Ge layer faces the incident beam, while amorphization occurs in a Si/Al bilayer specimen regardless of the incident beam's direction with respect to the bilayer specimen. Diffuse rings in selected-area diffraction patterns first appear at a fluence of about 3 × 1023 cm−2 (about 30, 19 or 18 displacements per atom in Ge, Si or Al respectively), and the amorphous volume fraction increases with increasing fluence. These results can be understood in terms of a simple recoil-implantation mechanism.
A Compliant On/Off Connection Mechanism for Preloading Statically Balanced Compliant Mechanisms (2012)

Static balancing is an important contribution to compliant mechanisms enabling low operating force, thus allowing high mechanical efficiency. Preloading is generally needed in statically balanced compliant mechanisms, which at smaller scales presents a significant challenge. Physical handling of zero-force structures without causing damage also becomes difficult. This paper presents a solution to both of these issues. A novel compliant connection mechanism based on bistable beams was used to precisely preload the system in the direction of motion without backlash. Once this bistable mechanism is engaged by loading beyond its threshold, the system is in operating condition, i.e. the ON position. When the connection mechanism is disengaged (OFF position), it is much stiffer than it is in the statically balanced state and therefore more robust for handling purposes. As a demonstrator, we present the first statically balanced gripper with a fully compliant ON/OFF-connection mechanism allowing pre-loading collinear with the direction of motion. The combination of a pre-loaded bistable mechanism (i.e. negative stiffness) and a voluntary closing gripper (i.e. positive stiffness) is used for static balancing (i.e. zero stiffness and zero actuation force). The results show that the actuation force is reduced by at least 91% when the preload is engaged. The proposed ON/OFF connection shows a promising method for pre-loading compliant mechanisms or related devices.
Generation of Kerr combs centered at 4.5{\mu}m in crystalline microresonators pumped by quantum cascade lasers (2015)

We report on the generation of mid-infrared Kerr frequency combs in high-finesse CaF$_2$ and MgF$_2$ whispering-gallery mode resonators pumped with continuous wave room temperature quantum cascade lasers. The combs were centered at 4.5$\mu$m, the longest wavelength to date. A frequency comb wider than a half of an octave was demonstrated when approximately 20mW of pump power was coupled to an MgF2 resonator characterized with quality factor exceeding 10$^8$.
Cascaded Emission from a Dual-Wavelength Quantum Cascade Laser (2007)

We present evidence for "cascaded" laser emission in quantum cascade lasers, demonstrating a dual wavelength (~9.6 μm and ~8.2 μm) laser with two consecutive optical transitions in each active region.
Direct observation of glucose fingerprint using in vivo Raman spectroscopy (2020)

Noninvasive blood glucose monitoring has been a long-standing dream in diabetes management. The use of Raman spectroscopy, with its molecular specificity, has been investigated in this regard over the past decade. Previous studies reported on glucose sensing based on indirect evidence such as statistical correlation to the reference glucose concentration. However, these claims fail to demonstrate glucose Raman peaks, which has raised questions regarding the effectiveness of Raman spectroscopy for glucose sensing. Here, we demonstrate the first direct observation of glucose Raman peaks from in vivo skin. The signal intensities varied proportional to the reference glucose concentrations in three live swine glucose clamping experiments. Tracking spectral intensity based on linearity enabled accurate prospective prediction in within-subject and intersubject models. Our direct demonstration of glucose signal may quiet the long debate about whether glucose Raman spectra can be measured in vivo in transcutaneous glucose sensing.
Whole animal imaging (2009)

Translational research plays a vital role in understanding the underlying pathophysiology of human diseases, and hence development of new diagnostic and therapeutic options for their management. After creating an animal disease model, pathophysiologic changes and effects of a therapeutic intervention on them are often evaluated on the animals using immunohistologic or imaging techniques. In contrast to the immunohistologic techniques, the imaging techniques are noninvasive and hence can be used to investigate the whole animal, oftentimes in a single exam which provides opportunities to perform longitudinal studies and dynamic imaging of the same subject, and hence minimizes the experimental variability, requirement for the number of animals, and the time to perform a given experiment. Whole animal imaging can be performed by a number of techniques including x-ray computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound imaging, positron emission tomography, single photon emission computed tomography, fluorescence imaging, and bioluminescence imaging, among others. Individual imaging techniques provide different kinds of information regarding the structure, metabolism, and physiology of the animal. Each technique has its own strengths and weaknesses, and none serves every purpose of image acquisition from all regions of an animal. In this review, a broad overview of basic principles, available contrast mechanisms, applications, challenges, and future prospects of many imaging techniques employed for whole animal imaging is provided. Our main goal is to briefly describe the current state of art to researchers and advanced students with a strong background in the field of animal research.
Vascular and pulmonary effects of ibuprofen on neonatal lung development (2023)

In conclusion, ibuprofen has dual effects on lung development: adverse effects on angiogenesis and beneficial effects on alveolarization and inflammation. Therefore, extrapolation of the beneficial effects of ibuprofen to premature infants with BPD should be done with extreme caution.