gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Surface Functional Groups Affect Iron (Hydr)oxide Heterogeneous Nucleation: Implications for Membrane Scaling (2023)

Because of its favorable thermodynamics and fast kinetics, heterogeneous solid nucleation on membranes triggers early-stage mineral scaling. Iron (hydr)oxide, a typical membrane scale, initially forms as nanoparticles that interact with surface functional groups on membranes, but these nanoscale phenomena are difficult to observe in real time. In this study, we utilized <i>in situ</i> grazing incidence small angle X-ray scattering and <i>ex situ</i> atomic force microscopy to examine the heterogeneous nucleation of iron (hydr)oxide on surface functional groups commonly used in membranes, including hydroxyl (OH), carboxyl (COOH), and fluoro (F) groups. We found that, compared to nucleation on hydrophilic OH- and COOH-surfaces, the high hydrophobicity of an F-modified surface significantly reduced the extents of both heterogeneously and homogeneously formed iron (hydr)oxide nucleation. Moreover, on the OH-surface, the high functional group density of 0.76 nmol/cm<sup>2</sup> caused faster heterogeneous nucleation than that on a COOH-surface, with a density of 0.28 ± 0.04 nmol/cm<sup>2</sup>. The F-surface also had the highest heterogeneous nucleation energy barrier (26 ± 0.6 kJ/mol), followed by COOH- (23 ± 0.8 kJ/mol) and OH- (20 ± 0.9 kJ/mol) surfaces. The kinetic and thermodynamic information provided here will help us better predict the rates and extents of early-stage scaling of iron (hydr)oxide nanoparticles in membrane processes.
Recent Developments in Blood-Compatible Superhydrophobic Surfaces (2022)

Superhydrophobic surfaces, as indicated in the name, are highly hydrophobic and readily repel water. With contact angles greater than 150° and sliding angles less than 10°, water droplets flow easily and hardly wet these surfaces. Superhydrophobic materials and coatings have been drawing increasing attention in medical fields, especially on account of their promising applications in blood-contacting devices. Superhydrophobicity controls the interactions of cells with the surfaces and facilitates the flowing of blood or plasma without damaging blood cells. The antibiofouling effect of superhydrophobic surfaces resists adhesion of organic substances, including blood components and microorganisms. These attributes are critical to medical applications such as filter membranes, prosthetic heart valves, extracorporeal circuit tubing, and indwelling catheters. Researchers have developed various methods to fabricate blood-compatible or biocompatible superhydrophobic surfaces using different materials. In addition to being hydrophobic, these surfaces can also be antihemolytic, antithrombotic, antibacterial, and antibiofouling, making them ideal for clinical applications. In this review, the authors summarize recent developments of blood-compatible superhydrophobic surfaces, with a focus on methods and materials. The expectation of this review is that it will support the biomedical research field by providing current trends as well as future directions.
Ethylene–propylene copolymerization initiated with solubilized Ziegler–Natta macromolecular complexes. I. Determination of kinetic parameters (1987)

Abstract Copolymerization of ethylene with propylene (E–P) was initiated with soluble polystyrene –butadiene –Li/TiCl 4 complexes in toluene leading to vinylic‐olefinic based block copolymers. The activity of the system was measured at a constant ratio r = Li/Ti for different feed compositions. From measurements of the amount of copolymers produced, a direct determination of the efficiency of the catalytic system was made. This efficiency was found to be close to that obtained for homopolymerizations of C 2 H 4 and C 3 H 6 initiated with the same catalytic complex (≃ 80% with respect to the concentration of “carbon‐titanium” bonds). Both the measured values of the efficiency and the determination of the molar masses of the polyolefinic block are consistent with a living character of the system involved in the E–P copolymerization. In such conditions well‐defined linear [styrene]‐b‐[ethylene‐co‐propylene] copolymers were obtained. Furthermore, 13 C NMR analyses allowed determination of the comonomer reactivity ratios, the values of which indicate an E–P random copolymerization. From both these values and those of the absolute rate constants of propagation determined for the homopolymerization of C 2 H 4 and C 3 H 6 initiated with the same catalytic system, the absolute rate constants of cross‐propagation were deduced.
Nonclassical Approaches and Behaviors in Synthesis, Structure Characterization, and Catalysis of Zeolites (2023)

Zeolite-based materials play critical roles to develop new technologies toward renewable energy and environmental improvement to face the global sustainability from rapid industrial development and population increase in the new century. In the past decade, novel approaches for the preparation of zeolites have been designed from the concept of green chemistry, and new insights on zeolites frameworks have been revealed by the new techniques. Furthermore, the wettability of zeolite and consequent sorption/diffusion were demonstrated as important roles in the catalytic processes, which are quietly different from the classical behaviors of zeolites. We believe that these nonclassical advances in synthesis, structure, and catalytic performance could benefit for the understanding on crystallization of zeolites and framework characters, and consequently, the design of efficient zeolite-based materials for energy and environmental improvement.
Motion Planning for Industrial Mobile Robots With Closed-Loop Stability Enhanced Prediction (2019)

Abstract Real-time, safe, and stable motion planning in co-robot systems involving dynamic human robot interaction (HRI) remains challenging due to the time varying nature of the problem. One of the biggest challenges is to guarantee closed-loop stability of the planning algorithm in dynamic environments. Typically, this can be addressed if there exists a perfect predictor that precisely predicts the future motions of the obstacles. Unfortunately, a perfect predictor is not possible to achieve. In HRI environments in this paper, human workers and other robots are the obstacles to the ego robot. We discuss necessary conditions for the closed-loop stability of a planning problem using the framework of model predictive control (MPC). It is concluded that the predictor needs to be able to detect the obstacles’ movement mode change within a time delay allowance and the MPC needs to have a sufficient prediction horizon and a proper cost function. These allow MPC to have an uncertainty tolerance for closed-loop stability, and still avoid collision when the obstacles’ movement is not within the tolerance. Also, the closed-loop performance is investigated using a notion of M-convergence, which guarantees finite local convergence (at least M steps ahead) of the open-loop trajectories toward the closed-loop trajectory. With this notion, we verify the performance of the proposed MPC with stability enhanced prediction through simulations and experiments. With the proposed method, the robot can better deal with dynamic environments and the closed-loop cost is reduced.
Tunable high quality-factor absorptive bandstop filter design (2012)

A two-pole, substrate-integrated, high quality(Q)-factor absorptive bandstop filter is demonstrated that exhibits enhanced selectivity over traditional reflective bandstop filter designs and higher Q-factor components than previous absorptive designs. With a Q-factor of 729, the presented filter has a peak isolation of 30 dB, a narrow 10-dB rejection bandwidth of 3.9 MHz that is tunable over 3.4–3.8 GHz, and an out-ofband insertion loss of 0.3 dB, exhibiting the same attenuation of a standard two-pole reflective notch filter with a Q-factor of 3100. These features enable channel-select isolation of high power interfering signals from closely separated receive bands without impacting receiver noise figure.
Observation of Z production in proton-lead collisions at LHCb (2014)

The first observation of Z boson production in proton-lead collisions at a centre-of-mass energy per proton-nucleon pair of s N N = 5 TeV is presented. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 1.6 nb -1 collected with the LHCb detector. The Z candidates are reconstructed from pairs of oppositely charged muons with pseudorapidities between 2.0 and 4.5 and transverse momenta above 20 GeV/c. The invariant dimuon mass is restricted to the range 60 -120 GeV/c. The Z production cross-section is measured to be Z + -(fwd) = 13.5 +5.4 -4.0 (stat.) 1.2(syst.) nb in the direction of the proton beam and Z + -(bwd) = 10.7 +8.4 -5.1 (stat.) 1.0(syst.) nb in the direction of the lead beam, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic.
Reliable pre-eclampsia pathways based on multiple independent microarray data sets (2014)

Pre-eclampsia is a multifactorial disorder characterized by heterogeneous clinical manifestations. Gene expression profiling of preeclamptic placenta have provided different and even opposite results, partly due to data compromised by various experimental artefacts. Here we aimed to identify reliable pre-eclampsia-specific pathways using multiple independent microarray data sets. Gene expression data of control and preeclamptic placentas were obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus. Single-sample gene-set enrichment analysis was performed to generate gene-set activation scores of 9707 pathways obtained from the Molecular Signatures Database. Candidate pathways were identified by t-test-based screening using data sets, GSE10588, GSE14722 and GSE25906. Additionally, recursive feature elimination was applied to arrive at a further reduced set of pathways. To assess the validity of the pre-eclampsia pathways, a statistically-validated protocol was executed using five data sets including two independent other validation data sets, GSE30186, GSE44711. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed for genes in a panel of potential pre-eclampsia pathways using placentas of 20 women with normal or severe preeclamptic singleton pregnancies (n = 10, respectively). A panel of ten pathways were found to discriminate women with pre-eclampsia from controls with high accuracy. Among these were pathways not previously associated with pre-eclampsia, such as the GABA receptor pathway, as well as pathways that have already been linked to pre-eclampsia, such as the glutathione and CDKN1C pathways. mRNA expression of GABRA3 (GABA receptor pathway), GCLC and GCLM (glutathione metabolic pathway), and CDKN1C was significantly reduced in the preeclamptic placentas. In conclusion, ten accurate and reliable pre-eclampsia pathways were identified based on multiple independent microarray data sets. A pathway-based classification may be a worthwhile approach to elucidate the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia.
Interspecies signalling: P seudomonas putida efflux pump TtgGHI is activated by indole to increase antibiotic resistance (2013)

In Gram-negative bacteria, multidrug efflux pumps are responsible for the extrusion of chemicals that are deleterious for growth. Some of these efflux pumps are induced by endogenously produced effectors, while abiotic or biotic signals induce the expression of other efflux pumps. In Pseudomonas putida, the TtgABC efflux pump is the main antibiotic extrusion system that respond to exogenous antibiotics through the modulation of the expression of this operon mediated by TtgR. The plasmid-encoded TtgGHI efflux pump in P. putida plays a minor role in antibiotic resistance in the parental strain; however, its role is critical in isogenic backgrounds deficient in TtgABC. Expression of ttgGHI is repressed by the TtgV regulator that recognizes indole as an effector, although P. putida does not produce indole itself. Because indole is not produced by Pseudomonas, the indole-dependent antibiotic resistance seems to be part of an antibiotic resistance programme at the community level. Pseudomonas putida recognizes indole added to the medium or produced by Escherichia coli in mixed microbial communities. Transcriptomic analyses revealed that the indole-specific response involves activation of 43 genes and repression of 23 genes. Indole enhances not only the expression of the TtgGHI pump but also a set of genes involved in iron homeostasis, as well as genes for amino acid catabolism. In a ttgABC-deficient P. putida, background ampicillin and other bactericidal compounds lead to cell death. Co-culture of E. coli and P. putida ΔttgABC allowed growth of the P. putida mutant in the presence of ampicillin because of induction of the indole-dependent efflux pump.
Gaze-Driven Video Re-Editing (2015)

Given the current profusion of devices for viewing media, video content created at one aspect ratio is often viewed on displays with different aspect ratios. Many previous solutions address this problem by retargeting or resizing the video, but a more general solution would re-edit the video for the new display. Our method employs the three primary editing operations: pan, cut, and zoom. We let viewers implicitly reveal what is important in a video by tracking their gaze as they watch the video. We present an algorithm that optimizes the path of a cropping window based on the collected eyetracking data, finds places to cut, and computes the size of the cropping window. We present results on a variety of video clips, including close-up and distant shots, and stationary and moving cameras. We conduct two experiments to evaluate our results. First, we eyetrack viewers on the result videos generated by our algorithm, and second, we perform a subjective assessment of viewer preference. These experiments show that viewer gaze patterns are similar on our result videos and on the original video clips, and that viewers prefer our results to an optimized crop-and-warp algorithm.
In Vivo Measurements of Airway Reactivity Using High-Resolution Computed Tomography (1991)

Changes in airway resistance are reported to account for only a portion of changes in total lung resistance. The fraction of total lung resistance caused by airway resistance is difficult to quantify in vivo. High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) has potential application for directly measuring changes in airway size in vivo. In the present investigation, we studied five anesthetized mongrel dogs using HRCT to locate and measure changes in airway area after aerosol histamine challenge in the absence and presence of deep inspiration. We also related changes in total lung resistance to changes in airway area. We found that in all dogs after histamine aerosol challenge, airway area decreased (range, 23 +/- 7 to 67 +/- 5%, mean +/- SEM), and total lung resistance increased (range, 191 to 378%). After deep inspiration (equal to three times tidal volume), four of the five dogs showed further significant decreases in airway area (range, 13 +/- 6 to 71 +/- 8%), whereas all five dogs showed decreases in RL (range, 3 to 35%). The fact that preconstricted airways constricted further after deep inspiration while the measured RL decreased suggests that RL may not always be a reliable indicator of changes in the size of conducting airways larger than 1 mm.
Inhibition of PM-2 DNA degradation by a human serum protein. (1982)

A unique DNA-binding protein was detected that inhibited DNA degradation induced by bleomycin and was decreased in sera of cancer patients. The protein from normal human serum was purified to homogeneity by ammonium sulfate precipitation and DEAE-cellulose and DNA-cellulose column chromatography. Two-dimensional isoelectric focusing gel electrophoresis revealed a single protein spot with a molecular weight of 64,000 and a pI at pH 5.9. The NH2 terminus was lysine, and the ratio of acidic to basic residues was 1.2. DNA binding was demonstrated by column chromatography, agarose gel electrophoresis, fluorescence quenching, and circular dichroism. The inhibitory activity was abolished by treatment with Pronase but not by RNase or DNase I. FeCl2 caused a partial loss of inhibitory activity. The inhibition of DNA degradation was more effective for breakage induced by bleomycin than neocarzinostatin, macromomycin, or DNase I. Evidence from DNA-binding studies suggests the inhibition is due to binding of the protein to sites on DNA preferred by bleomycin. Thus, the protein could be useful for studies on the mechanism of action of bleomycin and other antitumor agents, the cytotoxic effects of which are due primarily to damage of cellular DNA. The protein was decreased significantly in sera of cancer patients, and its potential use as a diagnostic tool for neoplasias is being investigated further.
A Plasmid-Encoded Putative Glycosyltransferase Is Involved in Hop Tolerance and Beer Spoilage in Lactobacillus brevis (2019)

<i>Lactobacillus brevis</i> beer-spoiling strains harbor plasmids that contain genes such as <i>horA</i>, <i>horC</i>, and <i>hitA</i> which are known to confer hop tolerance. The <i>L. brevis</i> beer-spoiling strain UCCLBBS124, which possesses four plasmids, was treated with novobiocin, resulting in the isolation of UCCLBBS124 derivatives exhibiting hop sensitivity and an inability to grow in beer. One selected derivative was shown to have lost a single plasmid, here designated UCCLBBS124_D, which harbors the <i>UCCLBBS124_pD0015</i> gene, predicted to encode a glycosyltransferase. Hop tolerance and growth in beer were restored when <i>UCCLBBS124_pD0015</i> was introduced in one of these hop-sensitive derivatives on a plasmid. We hypothesize that this gene modifies the surface composition of the polysaccharide cell wall, conferring protection against hop compounds. Furthermore, the introduction of this gene in <i>trans</i> in <i>L. brevis</i> UCCLB521, a strain that cannot grow in and spoil beer, was shown to furnish the resulting strain with the ability to grow in beer, while its expression also conferred phage resistance. This study underscores how the acquisition of certain mobile genetic elements plays a role in hop tolerance and beer spoilage for strains of this bacterial species.<b>IMPORTANCE</b><i>Lactobacillus brevis</i> is a member of the lactic acid bacteria and is often reported as the causative agent of food or beverage spoilage, in particular, that of beer. Bacterial spoilage of beer may result in product withdrawal or recall, with concomitant economic losses for the brewing industry. A very limited number of genes involved in beer spoilage have been identified and primarily include those involved in hop resistance, such as <i>horA</i>, <i>hitA</i>, and <i>horC</i> However, since none of these genes are universal, it is clear that there are likely (many) other molecular players involved in beer spoilage. Here, we report on the importance of a plasmid-encoded glycosyltransferase associated with beer spoilage by <i>L. brevis</i> that is involved in hop tolerance. The study highlights the complexity of the genetic requirements to facilitate beer spoilage and the role of multiple key players in this process.
Reversibly and irreversibly formed products from the reactions of mercaptalbumin (AlbSH) with Et3PAuCN and of AlbSAuPEt3 with hydrocyanic acid (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReversibly and irreversibly formed products from the reactions of mercaptalbumin (AlbSH) with Et3PAuCN and of AlbSAuPEt3 with hydrocyanic acidAnvarhusein A. Isab, Anne L. Hormann, Mary T. Coffer, and C. Frank. ShawCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 10, 3278–3284Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1988https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00218a044Request reuse permissionsArticle Views105Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (950 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Speechreading supplemented with frequency-selective sound-pressure information (1984)

The benefit of supplementing speechreading with frequency-selective sound-pressure information was studied by auditorily presenting this information to normal-hearing listeners. The sound-pressure levels in one or two frequency bands of the speech signal with center frequencies of 500, 1600, and 3160 Hz, respectively, and with 1- or 1/3-oct bandwidth were used to amplitude-modulate pure-tone carriers with frequencies equal to the center frequencies of the filter bands. Short sentences were presented to 18 normal-hearing listeners under the conditions of speechreading-only and speechreading combined with the sound-pressure information. The mean number of correctly perceived syllables increased from 22.8% for speechreading-only to 65.7% when sound-pressure information was supplied in a single 1-oct band at 500 Hz and to 86.7% with two 1-oct bands at 500 and 3160 Hz, respectively. The latter signal scored only 26.7% correct syllables without accompanying visual information.
Enhydrazine, III. Synthese von Pyrazolium‐Betainen durch Cycloacylierung von Enhydrazinen (1982)

Abstract Bei der Cycloacylierung von N 2 ‐dialkylsubstituierten Enhydrazinen 4, 8, 10, 11 und 14 mit Chlorameisensäure‐phenylester ( 2 ), Phosgen oder Thiokohlensäure‐ O ‐phenylesterchlorid ( 16 ) entstehen die Pyrazolium‐Betaine 6, 9, 12, 13, 15 und 17 . Spektroskopische Ergebnisse werden diskutiert.
Ex vivo SPECT/CT imaging of prostate cancer via 111In-J591 monoclonal antibody (2013)

282 Objectives We have previously demonstrated targeting of metastatic prostate cancer lesions with 111In-J591, a radiolabeled monoclonal antibody (mAb) that binds to the prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA), in human subjects. The goal of this study is to assess the efficacy of 111In-J591mAb as a pre-surgical imaging agent by examining excised prostate specimens with SPECT/CT. Methods Eight patients with abnormal digital rectal exam and biopsy proven prostate cancer (PCa) were enrolled in the study. Each patient received an endo-rectal MRI, which showed an abnormal prostatic lesion. They also received bone and CT scan, both of which showed the absence of metastatic disease. Each patient was injected intravenously with two milligrams of J591 labeled with 5 mCi of 111In. SPECT/CT imaging was performed 2 to 5 days post injection. Prostatectomy was performed on the day of imaging and the excised prostate was imaged with SPECT/CT and planar scintigraphy before being sent to surgical pathology. Phantom images were acquired to determine the approximate resolution of the technique and to determine intraprostatic binding. Results 111In-J591 immunoscintigraphic images were consistent with the pathologic diagnoses for all of the patients. Antibody imaging confirmed localization of potentially resectable disease without regional or metastatic spread. 111In-J591 showed high tumor to background ratio, and showed normal distribution. Conclusions Acceptable toxicity and excellent targeting of localized PC was demonstrated, highlighting a potential role for the anti-PSMA antibody J591 as a vascular-targeting agent. Our results provide insight into the potential of SPECT quantitative imaging for prostate cancer using 111In-J591, which is highly specific for PSMA and will enable individual tailoring of therapies, and surgical decision making.