gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chorioallantoic Fusion Defects and Embryonic Lethality Resulting from Disruption of Zfp36L1 , a Gene Encoding a CCCH Tandem Zinc Finger Protein of the Tristetraprolin Family (2004)

The mouse gene Zfp36L1 encodes zinc finger protein 36-like 1 (Zfp36L1), a member of the tristetraprolin (TTP) family of tandem CCCH finger proteins. TTP can bind to AU-rich elements within the 3'-untranslated regions of the mRNAs encoding tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), leading to accelerated mRNA degradation. TTP knockout mice exhibit an inflammatory phenotype that is largely due to increased TNF secretion. Zfp36L1 has activities similar to those of TTP in cellular RNA destabilization assays and in cell-free RNA binding and deadenylation assays, suggesting that it may play roles similar to those of TTP in mammalian physiology. To address this question we disrupted Zfp36L1 in mice. All knockout embryos died in utero, most by approximately embryonic day 11 (E11). Failure of chorioallantoic fusion occurred in about two-thirds of cases. Even when fusion occurred, by E10.5 the affected placentas exhibited decreased cell division and relative atrophy of the trophoblast layers. Although knockout embryos exhibited neural tube abnormalities and increased apoptosis within the neural tube and also generalized runting, these and other findings may have been due to deficient placental function. Embryonic expression of Zfp36L1 at E8.0 was greatest in the allantois, consistent with a potential role in chorioallantoic fusion. Fibroblasts derived from knockout embryos had apparently normal levels of fully polyadenylated compared to deadenylated GM-CSF mRNA and normal rates of turnover of this mRNA species, both sensitive markers of TTP deficiency in cells. We postulate that lack of Zfp36L1 expression during mid-gestation results in the abnormal stabilization of one or more mRNAs whose encoded proteins lead directly or indirectly to abnormal placentation and fetal death.
Non-Canonical and Sexually Dimorphic X Dosage Compensation States in the Mouse and Human Germline (2017)

Somatic X dosage compensation requires two mechanisms: X inactivation balances X gene output between males (XY) and females (XX), while X upregulation, hypothesized by Ohno and documented in vivo, balances X gene with autosomal gene output. Whether X dosage compensation occurs in germ cells is unclear. We show that mouse and human germ cells exhibit non-canonical X dosage states that differ from the soma and between the sexes. Prior to genome-wide reprogramming, X upregulation is present, consistent with Ohno's hypothesis. Subsequently, however, it is erased. In females, erasure follows loss of X inactivation, causing X dosage excess. Conversely, in males, erasure leads to permanent X dosage decompensation. Sex chromosomally abnormal models exhibit a "sex-reversed" X dosage state: XX males, like XX females, develop X dosage excess, while XO females, like XY males, develop X dosage decompensation. Thus, germline X dosage compensation states are determined by X chromosome number, not phenotypic sex. These unexpected differences in X dosage compensation states between germline and soma offer unique perspectives on sex chromosome infertility.
Tri‐ and Tetracarbanionic Initiators by a Lithium/Halide Exchange Reaction: Application to Star‐Polymer Synthesis (2004)

A family of polycarbanionic initiators: Bis-, tris-, and tetrakisaryl lithium compounds (see scheme) were synthesized from the corresponding aryl halides by simple halogen/lithium exchange reactions. These polylithiated species were used to prepare telechelic and three- and four-armed star polystyrene and polybutadiene homopolymers, as well as poly(styrene-block-butadiene-block-methyl methacrylate) star block terpolymers. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2005/z461056_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Semiconductor quantum dots driven by radiative and nonradiative energy transfer for high-efficiency hybrid LEDs and photovoltaics (2011)

Ankara : The Department of Electrical and Electronics and the Graduate School of Engineering and Sciences of Bilkent University, 2011.
[18F]DCFPyL PET/CT for Imaging of Prostate Cancer (2022)

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-directed positron emission tomography (PET) has gained increasing interest for imaging of men affected by prostate cancer (PC). In recent years, <sup>68</sup>Ga-labeled PSMA compounds have been widely utilized, although there is a trend towards increased utilization of <sup>18</sup>F-labeled agents. Among others, [<sup>18</sup>F]DCFPyL (piflufolastat F 18, PYLARIFY) has been tested in multiple major trials, such as OSPREY and CONDOR, which provided robust evidence on the clinical utility of this compound for staging, restaging, and change in management. Recent explorative prospective trials have also utilized [<sup>18</sup>F]DCFPyL PET/CT for response assessment, e.g., in patients under abiraterone or enzalutamide, rendering this <sup>18</sup>F-labeled PSMA radiotracer as an attractive biomarker for image-guided strategies in men with PC. After recent approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, one may expect more widespread use, not only in the U.S., but also in Europe in the long term. In the present review, we will provide an overview of the current clinical utility of [<sup>18</sup>F]DCFPyL in various clinical settings for men with PC.
Comparison of Hybrid and Pure Iterative Reconstruction Techniques With Conventional Filtered Back Projection (2012)

Model-based iterative reconstruction renders acceptable image quality and diagnostic confidence in 50- mA s abdominal CT images, whereas FBP and ASIR images are associated with suboptimal image quality at this radiation dose level.
Tool path generation for machining of optical freeform surfaces by an ultra-precision multiaxis machine tool (2006)

Optical freeform surfaces are crucial to the development of complex and optical-electromechanical devices used in many photonics products. The fabrication of high-quality freeform lens is based on ultra-precision freeform machining technology which allows direct machining of freeform surfaces with submicrometric form accuracy and nanometric surface finish. In this paper, the application of ultra-precision freeform machining to the fabrication of an optical freeform surface is addressed. The methodology for the development of the tool path generator for a progressive lens is discussed. According to the model of the freeform surface, which is represented by a double cubic B-spline surface, the method of changing parameters is used to calculate the numerically controlled (NC) machining tool path. The formula for calculating cutter location data, which considers the compensation of both the tool nose radius and tool swing radius of the fly cutter, is deduced. The cutting experiment of machining a freeform progressive optics lens by a multiaxis ultra-precision machine tool shows that the developed tool path generator can perform its function successfully.
Establishing the Power Factor Limitations for Synchronous Reluctance Machines (2015)

This paper discusses a goodness index and introduces a badness factor for electric machines with a special reference to synchronous reluctance motors. This factor is then used in conjunction with a computationally efficient finite-element electromagnetic analysis and a differential evolution optimization algorithm in order to carry out a large-scale design study under comparable specifications with an induction motor. It is shown that for synchronous reluctance machines, careful rotor geometry optimization can improve the performance, and that the inherent limitations, including those for the power factor, can be systematically established. The correlations for specific average torque, copper and core losses, and efficiency are also discussed.
Blind deconvolution of images using optimal sparse representations (2005)

The relative Newton algorithm, previously proposed for quasi-maximum likelihood blind source separation and blind deconvolution of one-dimensional signals is generalized for blind deconvolution of images. Smooth approximation of the absolute value is used as the nonlinear term for sparse sources. In addition, we propose a method of sparsification, which allows blind deconvolution of arbitrary sources, and show how to find optimal sparsifying transformations by supervised learning.
The Impact Of Blade Materials On Long-Term Gas Turbine Profitability (2001)

Thermal efficiency alone is an insufficient measure of the profitability requirement that electric power companies have on their power plants, in particular with the advent of deregulated electricity markets. In the present paper, this issue is illustrated with a study on the combined-cycle plant, where the benefit of various turbine entry temperatures and various materials for the first stage of the gas turbine is studied. The deviation in net present value is calculated, and it is shown how the possible profit to be made from more advanced materials and cooling is highly dependent upon electricity and fuel prices, whereas, the intervals for blade replacement during planned stops have a smaller impact on power plant profitability.This paper was presented at the ECOS&amp;#039;00 Conference in Enschede, July 5-7, 2000&amp;amp;nbsp;
Human Urotensin II Modulates Collagen Synthesis and the Expression of MMP-1 in Human Endothelial Cells (2004)

Our observations provide evidence that hU-II modulates the expression of MMP-1 and collagen-1 in HUVECs, and MAPKp42/44 activation may play a signal transduction role in this process.
Modulation and Detection (2005)

This paper presents principles of modulation techniques for modern communication systems along with the corresponding signal detection schemes and prominent receiver structures. Modulation is an integral part of every modern communication systems and provides a means of matching an information-carrying signal to the transmission medium or transmission channel. Modulation techniques are commonly classified into continuous wave (CW) modulation and pulse (PU) modulation. While modulation takes place at the transmitting end of a communication system, an inverse operation called detection needs to be performed at the receiving end. In general, detection aims at recovering the information-bearing signal from the received signal as close as possible in terms of a specified optimization criterion. Digital communications, which usually stands for the digitized representation of originally analogue signals by discrete amplitude and discrete time, is common practice with today’s communication systems. In digital communication systems, discrete information is conveyed between the communicating entities using signal formats from a finite set of waveforms. This allows for the design of very robust transmission systems with the deployed waveforms constructed in such a manner as to facilitate easy information recovery.
Combined CADM1/MAL Methylation and Cytology Testing for Colposcopy Triage of High-Risk HPV-Positive Women (2014)

Primary screening for high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) requires a triage protocol. Repeat cytology testing at baseline and after 6 to 12 months has emerged as a reasonable triage approach, but carries the risk of loss to follow-up. Repeat cytology testing may be omitted if cytology is supplemented with another, complementary triage test at baseline. In this study, the performance of combined triage by cytology and DNA methylation analysis was assessed. In hrHPV-positive cervical scrapes (n = 250), cytology [threshold: atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS)], bi-marker CADM1/MAL methylation testing (at different assay thresholds), and combinations of both were evaluated for endpoints cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (CIN2(+)) and grade 3 or worse (CIN3(+)). At a predefined methylation threshold of 70% specificity for CIN3(+), combined triage revealed a CIN3(+) sensitivity of 86.8% [95% confidence interval (CI), 76.1-97.6] compared with 65.8% (95% CI, 50.7-80.9) for sole cytology triage testing. Corresponding CIN3(+) specificity was 64.8% (95% CI, 58.1-71.5) for combined triage and 78.6% (95% CI, 72.8-84.3) for sole cytology triage testing. For CIN2(+), the sensitivity of combined triage testing was 84.5% (95% CI, 75.2-93.8) compared with 65.5% (95% CI, 53.3-77.7) for sole cytology triage, with corresponding specificities of 69.9% (95% CI, 63.1-76.6) and 83.5% (95% CI, 78.0-89.0), respectively. In conclusion, combined triage reached substantially higher CIN2(+)/3(+) sensitivities compared with sole cytology at a slight drop in specificity. Therefore, it is an attractive triage strategy for colposcopy of hrHPV-positive women with a high reassurance for cervical cancer and advanced CIN lesions.
Radiation-induced nitrogen segregation during electron energy loss spectroscopy of silicon oxide–nitride-oxide stacks (2003)

Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) in both fixed-probe transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning TEM (STEM) was used to measure elemental profiles of Si, O, and N in the SiOx/SixNy/SiOx/poly-Si stacks deposited on silicon. The results revealed radiation-induced nitrogen segregation to both the Si/SiOx and SiOx/poly-Si interfaces; the extent of nitrogen segregation increased visibly with increasing the radiation dose. The nitrogen diffusion through the oxide layers apparently was accompanied by the diffusion of oxygen into the nitride. Low-noise artifact-free nitrogen profiles across the Si/SiOx interfaces were obtained in STEM by scanning the beam parallel to the layers. These measurements indicated lack of detectable nitrogen segregation to the interfaces.
An importance-driven radiosity algorithm (1992)

article An importance-driven radiosity algorithm Share on Authors: Brian E. Smits Program of Computer Graphics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY Program of Computer Graphics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NYView Profile , James R. Arvo Program of Computer Graphics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY Program of Computer Graphics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NYView Profile , David H. Salesin Program of Computer Graphics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY Program of Computer Graphics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NYView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGGRAPH Computer GraphicsVolume 26Issue 2July 1992 pp 273–282https://doi.org/10.1145/142920.134080Online:01 July 1992Publication History 79citation857DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations79Total Downloads857Last 12 Months8Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
LDL: A Defense for Label-Based Membership Inference Attacks (2022)

The data used to train deep neural network (DNN) models in applications such as healthcare and finance typically contain sensitive information. A DNN model may suffer from overfitting. Overfitted models have been shown to be susceptible to query-based attacks such as membership inference attacks (MIAs). MIAs aim to determine whether a sample belongs to the dataset used to train a classifier (members) or not (nonmembers). Recently, a new class of label based MIAs (LAB MIAs) was proposed, where an adversary was only required to have knowledge of predicted labels of samples. Developing a defense against an adversary carrying out a LAB MIA on DNN models that cannot be retrained remains an open problem. We present LDL, a light weight defense against LAB MIAs. LDL works by constructing a high-dimensional sphere around queried samples such that the model decision is unchanged for (noisy) variants of the sample within the sphere. This sphere of label-invariance creates ambiguity and prevents a querying adversary from correctly determining whether a sample is a member or a nonmember. We analytically characterize the success rate of an adversary carrying out a LAB MIA when LDL is deployed, and show that the formulation is consistent with experimental observations. We evaluate LDL on seven datasets -- CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100, GTSRB, Face, Purchase, Location, and Texas -- with varying sizes of training data. All of these datasets have been used by SOTA LAB MIAs. Our experiments demonstrate that LDL reduces the success rate of an adversary carrying out a LAB MIA in each case. We empirically compare LDL with defenses against LAB MIAs that require retraining of DNN models, and show that LDL performs favorably despite not needing to retrain the DNNs.
Supercontinuum generation in the enhanced frequency chirp regime in multipass cells (2022)

We identify, via numerical simulations, the regime of enhanced frequency chirp during nonlinear propagation in multipass cell. This regime - used before the dawn of chirped pulse amplification to generate ultrashort pulses - paves the way for the generation of temporally clean few-cycle pulses. Here, we demonstrate numerically that the spectra of pulses from an Yb-based laser system can be broadened into a flat supercontinuum with a smooth spectral phase compatible with a clean few-cycle pulse with temporal secondary structures with peak intensity below 0.5% that of the main peak.
Production of bellenamine and new metabolites in a synthetic medium. (1992)

A streptomyces antibiotic, bellenamine has been produced in a simple synthetic medium consisting of D-galactose, dextrin, ammonium sulfate and calcium carbonate. Three new minor metabolites, N-(aminomethyl)succinamic acid, 1'-N-acetylbellenamine and D-beta-lysinamide have been isolated from the synthetic medium culture. They showed no antibiotic activity.
Microscopic silicon-based lateral high-aspect-ratio structures for thin film conformality analysis (2014)

Film conformality is one of the major drivers for the interest in atomic layer deposition (ALD) processes. This work presents new silicon-based microscopic lateral high-aspect-ratio (LHAR) test structures for the analysis of the conformality of thin films deposited by ALD and by other chemical vapor deposition means. The microscopic LHAR structures consist of a lateral cavity inside silicon with a roof supported by pillars. The cavity length (e.g., 20–5000 μm) and cavity height (e.g., 200–1000 nm) can be varied, giving aspect ratios of, e.g., 20:1 to 25 000:1. Film conformality can be analyzed with the microscopic LHAR by several means, as demonstrated for the ALD Al2O3 and TiO2 processes from Me3Al/H2O and TiCl4/H2O. The microscopic LHAR test structures introduced in this work expose a new parameter space for thin film conformality investigations expected to prove useful in the development, tuning and modeling of ALD and other chemical vapor deposition processes.
Two multi access algorithms for channels with multiple reception capacity (2003)

Two multiaccess algorithms for channels with multiple reception capacity are presented. They achieve better throughput performance than the existing algorithms for higher reception capacity. It is shown that high reception capacity of the channel allows the access algorithm to be simpler without losing performance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Improving the Performance of Language Identification System Using Different GMM-Training Approaches (2010)

This paper proposed a feasible system for language identification (LID) and designed four different GMM-training approaches to improve the system performance by accuracy recognition rates. In our experiment, we used these model-training approaches to evaluation on the system performance, which utilizes Linear Prediction Cepstrum Coefficients (LPCC) and Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM), rely on a 10-language task. From all the results, we found an optimal approach for training GMM in LID system, which achieves high accuracy of 85.25%, and indicated that different GMM-training approaches have different performances for LID system, but an advisable training method that proposed in our paper can greatly improve the system performance.
Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) Parameters for indicating the Calling Party's Category and Originating Line Information (2010)

This document defines two new URI parameters to describe the calling
party's category and toll class of service originating line
information which are parameters also used in SS7 ISUP and other
telephony signalling protocols. The intended use of these URI
parameters is for the tel URI or equivalent SIP URI representation.
[2.2]Paracyclophane as a Target of the Organic Solid State: Emergent Properties via Supramolecular Construction (2012)

Abstract In this account, we review the synthesis of [2.2]paracyclophanes in the organic solid state. Reactions in crystalline solids provide a means to obtain molecules with high degrees of stereocontrol that can also be unattainable in solution. We show that [2.2]paracyclophanes form in the solid state stereospecifically and in quantitative yield via intermolecular [2+2] double photodimerization reactions. The double cycloaddition that affords a paracyclophane in the solid state does not readily occur in solution. Small molecules in the form of hydrogen‐bond‐donor templates can provide access to [2.2]paracyclophanes in a solid by design. A [2.2]paracyclophane obtained using a hydrogen‐bond template is shown to exhibit attractive optical properties and has been employed as a building block of a metal‐organic framework (MOF).