gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
USLI system models (2003)

Generic system-level models for CMOS CPUs are discussed. A novel system-level model for CMOS static RAMs is introduced. These models are used to evaluate the impact of several critical chip and module technology parameters and architectural features on the single most important indicator os system performance, the system clock frequency. A methodology is developed for defining optimal levels of integration for CPU and memory systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Morphology and properties of SAN‐clay nanocomposites prepared principally by water‐assisted extrusion (2009)

Abstract An efficient extrusion process involving the injection of water while processing was used to prepare poly (styrene‐ co ‐acrylonitrile) (SAN)/clay nanocomposites with a high degree of nanoclay delamination. The usefulness of water‐assisted extrusion is highlighted here, in comparison with classical extrusion and roll mill processes. Cloisite® 30B (C30B), a montmorillonite clay organomodified with alkylammonium cations bearing 2‐hydroxyethyl chains, and pristine montmorillonite were melt blended with SAN (25 wt% AN) in a semi‐industrial scale extruder specially designed to allow water injection. XRD analysis, visual and TEM observations were used to evaluate the quality of clay dispersion. The relationship between the nanocomposite morphology and its mechanical and thermal properties was then investigated. The superiority of the SAN/C30B nanocomposite extruded with water has been evidenced by cone calorimetry tests and thermogravimetric measurements (TGA). These analyses showed a substantial improvement of the fire behavior and the thermal properties, while a 20% increase of the Young modulus was recorded. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2010. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Tetra-n-butylammonium Iodide (2001)

[311-28-4] C16H36IN (MW 369.43) (phase-transfer catalyst;1 ether cleavage;1 alkyl iodide formation;1 salt effects1) Physical Data: mp 148 °C. Solubility: sol EtOH, H2O. Form Supplied in: anhydrous white solid. Analysis of Reagent Purity: tetraalkylammonium salts can be titrated with potassium 3,5-di-t-butyl-2-hydroxybenzenesulfonate and iron(III) chloride.1a Purification: crystallize from toluene–petroleum ether, CH2Cl2–petroleum ether (or hexane), acetone, ethyl acetate, EtOH–ethyl ether, aq EtOH, or H2O. The solid is then dried at 90 °C under high vacuum for 2 d.2 Handling, Storage, and Precautions: highly hygroscopic solid.
Gradient, high‐resolution, magic‐angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of human adipocyte tissue (1997)

The recently developed technique of gradient, high-resolution magic-angle spinning NMR (g-hr-MAS-NMR) spectroscopy was applied to the study of ex vivo human lipoma and liposarcoma tissue. Compared with conventional 1H-NMR, the g-hr-MAS method yielded a large improvement in spectral resolution and permitted the detection of metabolite resonance's in a well-differentiated liposarcoma that was not observed in spectra of similar samples obtained using nonspinning NMR methods. These findings suggest that g-hr-MAS-NMR spectroscopy provides a key improvement in spectral quality for ex vivo lipoma and liposarcoma tissue thereby permitting a more precise determination of tissue metabolite composition than conventional nonspinning NMR methods.
Look-ahead human-machine interface for assistance of manual vehicle steering (1999)

During manual steering of a vehicle, the information to the driver is restricted by his perception and recognition. The driver may lose such information under severe weather conditions. Look-ahead information has been shown to have great importance for vehicle steering problems. A supplementary visual display has been developed to provide both the future road information and the future position, of the vehicle based on current vehicle state and steering input for safer driving. A state observer is proposed to estimate the current vehicle state. Both the current steering input and the estimated vehicle state are utilized to predict the future position of the vehicle at a prescribed look-ahead distance. Integration of the vehicle trajectory into the future is avoided by an approximation method, which can be applied in real-time implementation.
Mutations in the PA Protein of Avian H5N1 Influenza Viruses Affect Polymerase Activity and Mouse Virulence (2017)

To study the influenza virus determinants of pathogenicity, we characterized two highly pathogenic avian H5N1 influenza viruses isolated in Vietnam in 2012 (A/duck/Vietnam/QT1480/2012 [QT1480]) and 2013 (A/duck/Vietnam/QT1728/2013 [QT1728]) and found that the activity of their polymerase complexes differed significantly, even though both viruses were highly pathogenic in mice. Further studies revealed that the PA-S343A/E347D (PA with the S-to-A change at position 343 and the E-to-D change at position 347) mutations reduced viral polymerase activity and mouse virulence when tested in the genetic background of QT1728 virus. In contrast, the PA-343S/347E mutations increased the polymerase activity of QT1480 and the virulence of a low-pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus. The PA-343S residue (which alone increased viral polymerase activity and mouse virulence significantly relative to viral replication complexes encoding PA-343A) is frequently found in H5N1 influenza viruses of several subclades; infection with a virus possessing this amino acid may pose an increased risk to humans.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> H5N1 influenza viruses cause severe infections in humans with a case fatality rate that exceeds 50%. The factors that determine the high virulence of these viruses in humans are not fully understood. Here, we identified two amino acid changes in the viral polymerase PA protein that affect the activity of the viral polymerase complex and virulence in mice. Infection with viruses possessing these amino acid changes may pose an increased risk to humans.
Degradation mechanisms of SrBi2Ta2O9 ferroelectric thin film capacitors during forming gas annealing (2000)

Abstract The effects of annealing in forming gas (5% hydrogen, 95% nitrogen; FGA) are studied on spin coated SrBi2Ta2O9 (SBT) thin films. SBT films on platinum bottom electrode are characterized with and without platinum top electrode by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES), High Temperature X-Ray Diffraction (HT-XRD) and Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS). High Temperature X-Ray Diffraction (HT-XRD) of blanket Ti/Pt/SBT films in forming gas revealed that the bismuth layered perovskite structure of the SBT is stable up to approx. 500°C. SIMS analysis of Pt/SBT/Pt samples annealed in deuterated forming gas (5% D2, 95% N2) showed that the hydrogen accumulates in the SBT layer and at the platinum interfaces next to the SBT. After FGA of blanket SBT films, tall platinum-bismuth whiskers are seen on the SBT surface. Performing the FGA of the whole Pt/SBT/Pt/Ti stack, two different results are found. For the samples with a high temperature annealing (HTA) step in oxygen after top electrode patterning, top electrode peeling is observed after FGA. For the samples without a HTA step after top electrode patterning, no peeling is observed after FGA.
Low CD4⁺/CD25⁺/CD127⁻ regulatory T cell- and high INF-γ levels are associated with improved survival of neuroblastoma patients treated with long-term infusion of ch14.18/CHO combined with interleukin-2 (2019)

Immunotherapy with the anti-GD<sub>2</sub> antibody (Ab) ch14.18/CHO in combination with interleukin 2 (IL-2) has improved survival of high-risk neuroblastoma (NB) patients. Here, we report immunotherapy-related effects on circulating NK cells, regulatory T cells (T<sub>regs</sub>), granulocytes as well as on Ab-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and cytokines IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-10, IL-18 and CCL2 and their association with progression-free survival (PFS). In a closed single-center program, 53 patients received five cycles of 6 × 10<sup>6</sup> IU/m<sup>2</sup> subcutaneous IL-2 (d1-5; 8-12) combined with long-term infusion (LTI) of 100 mg/m<sup>2</sup> ch14.18/CHO (d8-18). Immune cells and cytokines were analyzed by flow cytometry and ADCC by calcein-AM-based cytotoxicity assay. IL-2 administration increased cytotoxic NK cell-, eosinophil- and T<sub>reg</sub> counts in cycle 1 (2.9-, 3.1- and 20.7-fold, respectively) followed by further increase in subsequent cycles, whereas neutrophil levels were elevated only after the ch14.18/CHO infusion (2.4-fold change). Serum concentrations of IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-10, IL-18 and CCL2 in cycle 1 were increased during the combinatorial therapy (peak levels of 3,656 ± 655 pg/ml, 162 ± 38 pg/ml, 20.91 ± 4.74 pg/ml, 1,584 ± 196 pg/ml and 2,159 ± 252 pg/ml, respectively). Surprisingly, we did not observe any correlation between NK-, eosinophil- or neutrophil levels and PFS. In contrast, patients with low T<sub>regs</sub> showed significantly improved PFS compared to those who had high levels. T<sub>reg</sub> counts negatively correlated with INF-γ serum concentrations and patients with high INF-γ and IL-18 had significantly improved survival compared to those with low levels. In conclusion, LTI of ch14.18/CHO in combination with IL-2 resulted in T<sub>reg</sub> induction that inversely correlated with IFN-γ levels and PFS.
Effect of Molecular Chain Length on the Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Amine-Functionalized Graphene Oxide/Polyimide Composite Films Prepared by In Situ Polymerization (2013)

This study fabricates amine (NH(2))-functionalized graphene oxide (GO)/polyimide(PI) composite films with high performance using in situ polymerization. Linear poly(oxyalkylene)amines with two different molecular weights 400 and 2000 (D400 and D2000) have been grafted onto the GO surfaces, forming two types of NH(2)-functionalized GO (D400-GO/D2000-GO). NH(2)-functionalized GO, especially D400-GO, demonstrated better reinforcing efficiency in mechanical and thermal properties. The observed property enhancement are due to large aspect ratio of GO sheets, the uniform dispersion of the GO within the PI matrix, and strong interfacial adhesion due to the chemical bonding between GO and the polymeric matrix. The Young's modulus of the composite films with 0.3 wt % D400-GO loading is 7.4 times greater than that of neat PI, and tensile strength is 240% higher than that of neat PI. Compared to neat PI, 0.3 wt % D400-GO/PI film exhibits approximately 23.96 °C increase in glass transition temperature (T(g)). The coefficient of thermal expansion below T(g) is significantly decreased from 102.6 μm/°C (neat PI) to 53.81 μm/°C (decreasing 48%) for the D400-GO/PI composites with low D400-GO content (0.1 wt %). This work not only provides a method to develop the GO-based polyimide composites with superior performances but also conceptually provides a chance to modulate the interfacial interaction between GO and the polymer through designing the chain length of grafting molecules on NH(2)-functionalized GO.
Real-time edge segment detection with Edge Drawing algorithm (2011)

Edge Drawing (ED) is an edge detection method that works by computing a set of anchor points, which are most likely to be edge elements, and linking them with a predefined set of rules which we call smart routing. ED can thus obtain one-pixel wide, contiguous and smooth edges in real-time. In most cases, obtaining the edges in segment form (i.e. blob of connected edgels) is desired. Because edge segments also include the connectivity information among the pixels, they contain useful features about the geometric shape of the detected edges. In contrast to conventional detectors, ED is able to output the resulting edge map as vectorial data, i.e., array of edge segments instead of a 2D binary image. In this work, this capability of ED is explained and discussed with examples.
Proposed revisions to the nomenclature for Brachyspira membrane proteins and lipoproteins (2005)

Microbiology Society journals contain high-quality research papers and topical review articles. We are a not-for-profit publisher and we support and invest in the microbiology community, to the benefit of everyone. This supports our principal goal to develop, expand and strengthen the networks available to our members so that they can generate new knowledge about microbes and ensure that it is shared with other communities.
Targeted proteomics identifies liquid-biopsy signatures for extracapsular prostate cancer (2016)

Biomarkers are rapidly gaining importance in personalized medicine. Although numerous molecular signatures have been developed over the past decade, there is a lack of overlap and many biomarkers fail to validate in independent patient cohorts and hence are not useful for clinical application. For these reasons, identification of novel and robust biomarkers remains a formidable challenge. We combine targeted proteomics with computational biology to discover robust proteomic signatures for prostate cancer. Quantitative proteomics conducted in expressed prostatic secretions from men with extraprostatic and organ-confined prostate cancers identified 133 differentially expressed proteins. Using synthetic peptides, we evaluate them by targeted proteomics in a 74-patient cohort of expressed prostatic secretions in urine. We quantify a panel of 34 candidates in an independent 207-patient cohort. We apply machine-learning approaches to develop clinical predictive models for prostate cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Our results demonstrate that computationally guided proteomics can discover highly accurate non-invasive biomarkers.
Chitosan nanofiber membranes for tissue engineering - synthesis, characterization and properties (2010)

This poster was presented by Natalia Toncheva
Treatment of hypotension in pigs with an inspiratory impedance threshold device: A feasibility study (2004)

These studies demonstrate that it is feasible to use a device that creates inspiratory impedance in spontaneously breathing normotensive and hypotensive pigs to increase blood pressure and enhance cardiopulmonary circulation in the absence of immediate fluid resuscitation. Further studies are needed to evaluate the potential long-term effects and limitations of this new approach to treat hypovolemic hypotension.
Polymer Precursor‐Based Preparation of Carbon Nanotube–Silicon Carbide Nanocomposites (2011)

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes were dispersed in a silicon carbide matrix to examine nanotube influence on mechanical properties of the resulting composite. The ceramic matrix was generated through high temperature conversion of poly(methylsilyne), a preceramic polymeric precursor. Nanotube alkylation was explored using two functionalization schemes: organic peroxide workup and alkyllithium displacement of fluorinated nanotubes, which promoted extensive mixing within precursor solutions, thereby ensuring nanotube dispersion within the polymer matrix while facilitating interfacial bonding. The former scheme was less effective at displacing inner nanotube shell bound fluorine and resulted in lower alkyl chain grafting density on the outer shell. Polymer nanocomposites were pyrolyzed and consolidated using an optimized spark plasma sintering scheme to generate fully densified ceramics. The pure polymer‐derived ceramic displayed exceptional Young's modulus and Vickers microhardness of 126 ± 12 and 9.6 ± 0.5 GPa, respectively, while maintaining a fracture toughness of 2.8 ± 0.3 MPa·m 1/2 . Increased sintering time further augmented the fracture toughness to 3.6 ± 0.4 MPa·m 1/2 , approaching the 4 MPa·m 1/2 that characterizes pure silicon carbide, while maintaining both Young's modulus and microhardness. Nanotube addition resulted in some loss of the intrinsic mechanical properties, but enhanced monolith damage tolerance behavior, raising the Vickers indent force needed to induce cracks to an excess of 98.1 N in contrast to the pure polymer‐derived sample, which began crack propagation below 49.0 N.
Hypoglycemia Does Not Change the Threshold for Arousal from Sleep in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes (2011)

In adolescents with type 1 diabetes, hypoglycemia does not impair arousal from slow-wave sleep induced by an external auditory stimulus.
A novel small-molecule HIF-1 inhibitor that increases HIF-1 alpha degradation (2005)

6154 The hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is a transcription factor that regulates a variety of genes enabling cells to adapt to a low-oxygen environment. In recent years HIFs have become a very attractive target for cancer therapy, since HIF-1 activates the transcription of genes that are involved in critical aspects of cancer biology, including but not limited to angiogenesis, cell survival, glucose metabolism, invasion and metastasis. A cell-based high-throughput screen of the National Cancer Institute library of synthetic compounds sought to uncover inhibitors of the aforementioned pathway by utilizing a genetically engineered U251 human glioma cell line to stably express a recombinant vector in which the luciferase reporter gene is under the control of three copies of a canonical hypoxia-responsive element (U251-HRE) (Rapisarda et al Cancer Res. 2002). This screen yielded many novel and distinct small-molecule inhibitors of HIF-1 transactivation, one such small molecule inhibitor was a tricyclic carboxamide: NSC 644221. In addition to inhibiting HRE-luciferase activity, a subsequent decrease in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and glucose transporter-3 (GLUT-3) mRNA expression was also observed in U251 cells. Further studies using an effective and non-cytotoxic dose of NSC 644221, between 1-5 microM, demonstrated that NSC 644221 had the capacity to accelerate the degradation of HIF-1 alpha when cells were exposed to hypoxia. Analysis of protein half-life, using cyclohexamide, demonstrated that the half-life of HIF-1 alpha was decreased in the presence of NSC 644221. However, this inhibition was not observed in the presence of the proteosome inhibitors MG132, ALLNL and PS-341. NSC 644221 appears to be a specific and potent inhibitor of HIF-1 alpha in several different cancer cell lines and has no effect on the expression of a variety of other short-lived proteins. Interestingly, the mode of action of NSC 644221 was found to be independent of the Von-Hippel Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor protein, which is used by cells for the endogenous degradation of HIF-1 alpha in the presence of oxygen. The inhibition of HIF-1 alpha expression by NSC644221 was not mediated by heat-shock protein-90 (HSP90), AKT or histone deacetylation. Unlike other previously described non-selective HIF-1 inhibitors, NSC 644221 is a compound that targets the cellular degradative pathway of HIF-1 alpha in what appears to be a novel and selective manner. This compound has potential both as a useful analytical tool and as a potential anticancer therapy. Contract No. NO1-CO-12400
MPS 13-01 NOVEL THERAPEUTIC APPROACH FOR CEREBRAL ISCHEMIA IN RATS WITH ANGIOTENSIN II PEPTIDE VACCINE (2016)

Objective: We recently reported the efficacy of angiotensin II (Ang II) peptide vaccine for hypertension in mice and rats. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether pre-exposure Ang II vaccination exhibits the cerebroprotective effects after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAo) in rats. Design and Method: After subcutaneous injection of Ang II peptide vaccine (10 μg/200 μl) or saline (200 μl) to SD rats (male, 4week-old) at the time point of 4, 6 and 7 week-old, MCAo or sham surgery was performed at 8 week-old. The plasma Ang II antibody titer or brain parenchymal Ang II antibody level was quantified using ELISA. Serial sections were stained with cresyl violet to measure infarction volume. Neuronal degeneration and oxidative stress were evaluated using Fluoro Jade B (FJB) and 4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) staining. The expression of brain renin-angiotensin-system (RAS) components or NOX2 was quantified using real-time PCR. Results: Systemic blood pressure was not affected by vaccination. Infarction volume at 24 hours after MCAo was reduced not in plasma low-titer (VL) group (OD 50% < 6000) but in plasma high-titer (VH) group (OD5 0% ≧ 6000) compared to saline treated control (C) group. Parenchymal anti-Ang II antibody level in the ischemic hemisphere was significantly higher in VH group compared with VL group. Both FJB positive neurons and 4-HNE positive cells were significantly decreased in VH group. The expression of brain Ang II type 1 receptor mRNA and brain NOX2 mRNA were less in VH group compared with C group. Conclusions: Ang II vaccination ameliorates ischemic injury in pMCAo rats. The possible mechanisms of protective effect of Ang II peptide vaccine in cerebral ischemia were its inhibitory effects against brain RAS and /or anti-oxidative effects. Therapeutic vaccination targeting Ang II may be a promising approach to treat cerebral ischemia.
Asparagine Synthetase Expression and Phase I Study With L-Asparaginase Encapsulated in Red Blood Cells in Patients With Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma (2015)

Given the high rate of PAC with null/low ASNS expression and the good tolerability profile of ERY-ASP, ERY-ASP should be evaluated in further clinical studies in metastatic PAC.
Role of Steroids in the Management of Diabetic Macular Edema and Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (2009)

Diabetic retinopathy is the most common microvascular complication of diabetes. Early clinical trials have established the efficacy and safety of laser in the treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and diabetic macular edema (DME). Despite timely and appropriate use of laser, some patients continue to experience visual loss. The pathogenesis of PDR and DME is multifactorial involving both angiogenic and inflammatory processes. Recent trials have shown that the anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic properties of corticosteroids may provide benefit in treating PDR and DME. The exact role of steroids in the treatment for diabetic retinopathy and macular edema remains to be fully elucidated.
Soft vector processors vs FPGA custom hardware (2009)

Soft processors are often used in FPGA-based systems because of their ease-of-use, but for a given computation there is a significant gap in area/performance between a C code implementation executing on a soft processor and a custom FPGA hardware implementation. Recent research has demonstrated that soft processors augmented with support for vector instructions provide significant improvements in performance and scalability for data-parallel workloads. In this work, using an FPGA platform equipped with DDR memory executing data-parallel benchmarks from the industry-standard EEMBC suite, we measure the area/performance gaps between (i) C programs executing on a scalar soft processor, (ii) hand-vectorized programs executing on a soft vector processor, and (iii) custom FPGA hardware. We demonstrate that the wall clock performance gap between scalar executed C and custom hardware can be drastically reduced using our improved soft vector processors, even though they are still clocked 3x slower than custom hardware. We identify loop overhead, data delivery, and exact resource usage as three key advantages of custom hardware that we propose to mitigate in our soft vector processor respectively by decoupling pipelines, tuning cache design, supporting prefetching, and automatically eliminating unused instructions and datapath width. We show that together these improvements increase performance by 3x and reduce the area of the fastest soft vector processor by 2x, significantly reducing the need for designers to resort to more challenging custom hardware implementations.