gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Supplementary Figures 1-27 from A Compendium of Syngeneic, Transplantable Pediatric High-Grade Glioma Models Reveals Subtype-Specific Therapeutic Vulnerabilities (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figures describing hindbrain vs ganglionic eminence targeting strategies, each of the 16 models generated and validation that they expressed the introduced mutations, survival of GE vs CTX-electroporated embryos, and cell viability data shown in bar graph format.&lt;/p&gt;
Synthesis, Conformation, and Biological Activity of Teleocidin Mimics, Benzolactams. A Clarification of the Conformational Flexibility Problem in Structure−Activity Studies of Teleocidins (1996)

Tumor-promoter teleocidins and their active congeners (indolactams) are known to exist in an equilibrium between at least two conformational states in solution, the twist and sofa form, due to cis−trans isomerization of the amide bond and the steric effects of substituents on the nine-membered lactam ring. Benzolactam-Vs, in which the indole ring of indolactams is replaced with a benzene ring, were designed and synthesized in an attempt to reproduce the active conformation of teleocidins. Among these benzolactams, eight-membered lactams (benzolactam-V8) can only exist in the twist form, and 9- and 10-membered lactams (benzolactam-V9 and -V10) exist exclusively in the sofa form in solution. The stronger biological activity of benzolactam-V-8-310 than that of indolactam-V (IL-V) and the inactivity of benzolactam-V-9-310 for differentiation inducing activity of HL-60 clearly indicated that the twist form is close to the active conformation of teleocidins.
Distant charge transport (2005)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Chemically amplified resists resolving 25 nm 1:1 line: space features with EUV lithography (2007)

We have investigated a number of key resist factors using EUV lithography including activation energy of deprotection. Our standard high activation resist material, MET-2D (XP5271F), is capable of robust performance at CDs in 40 nm regime and thicknesses above 100 nm. Below 100 nm film thickness, controlling acid diffusion becomes a difficult challenge. We have also developed a low activation resist (XP6305A) which shows superior process window and exposure latitude at CDs in the 35 nm regime. This resist is optimal for 80 nm film thickness. Lastly, we have demonstrated 25 nm 1:1 resolution capability using a novel chemical amplification resist called XP6627. This is the first EUV resist capable of 25 nm resolution. The LER is also very low, 2.7 nm 3&sgr;, for the 25 nm features. Our first version, XP6627G, has a photospeed of 40 mJ/cm<sup>2</sup>. Our second version, XP6627Q, has a photospeed of 27 mJ/cm<sup>2</sup>. Our current focus is on improving the photospeed to less than 20 mJ/cm<sup>2</sup>. The outstanding resolution and LER of this new resist system raises the possibility of extending chemically amplified resist to the 22 nm node.
Tactile Evaluation Feedback System for Multi-Layered Structure Inspired by Human Tactile Perception Mechanism (2017)

Tactile sensation is one type of valuable feedback in evaluating a product. Conventionally, sensory evaluation is used to get direct subjective responses from the consumers, in order to improve the product's quality. However, this method is a time-consuming and costly process. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel tactile evaluation system that can give tactile feedback from a sensor's output. The main concept of this system is hierarchically layering the tactile sensation, which is inspired by the flow of human perception. The tactile sensation is classified from low-order of tactile sensation (LTS) to high-order of tactile sensation (HTS), and also to preference. Here, LTS will be correlated with physical measures. Furthermore, the physical measures that are used to correlate with LTS are selected based on four main aspects of haptic information (roughness, compliance, coldness, and slipperiness), which are perceived through human tactile sensors. By using statistical analysis, the correlation between each hierarchy was obtained, and the preference was derived in terms of physical measures. A verification test was conducted by using unknown samples to determine the reliability of the system. The results showed that the system developed was capable of estimating preference with an accuracy of approximately 80%.
Unrolled Generative Adversarial Networks (2016)

We introduce a method to stabilize Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) by defining the generator objective with respect to an unrolled optimization of the discriminator. This allows training to be adjusted between using the optimal discriminator in the generator's objective, which is ideal but infeasible in practice, and using the current value of the discriminator, which is often unstable and leads to poor solutions. We show how this technique solves the common problem of mode collapse, stabilizes training of GANs with complex recurrent generators, and increases diversity and coverage of the data distribution by the generator.
Diversity backpressure routing with mutual information accumulation in wireless ad-hoc networks (2012)

We suggest and analyze algorithms for routing in ad-hoc networks that exploit mutual-information accumulation at receiving nodes, and are capable of routing multiple data streams (commodities) when only mean channel state information is present, and that only locally. The algorithm is a generalization of the DIVBAR algorithm, which in turn is based on backpressure routing. Packets are transmitted by each node on the links seeing the largest "backpressure", a measure for the differential queue lengths for a specific commodity at the considered nodes times the success probability for packets on that link. In contrast to traditional DIVBAR, nodes store and exploit partially received packets, thus increasing the probability of successful reception at retransmission, where the information is stored in separate "partial queues" at each node. We present two variants of our algorithm: DIVBAR-RMIA, which clears the partial queues whenever a packet is firstly decoded by one or more receiving nodes; DIVBAR-MIA, which retains the information about a specific packet in the partial queues until the packet has reached its destination. We prove that DIVBAR-RMIA performs strictly better than conventional DIVBAR (under some mild assumptions about the channel states), and that DIBVAR-MIA performs at least as well as DIVBAR-RMIA. Simulations not only confirm these results, but also demonstrate the impact of packet entropy on the achievable throughput.
Does ketamine target olfactory receptors in the brain? (2015)

The findings of Ho et al. in this issue of Science Signaling suggest that the anesthetic ketamine binds to and activates select olfactory receptors in mouse brain, raising the possibility that ketamine targets a similar set of GPCRs in humans.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Synthesis, Activity and Chiral Stability of Cyclic Alkoxyketone Inhibitors of Cathepsin K. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Crystal structure of the Glu-239----Gln mutant of aspartate carbamoyltransferase at 3.1-A resolution: an intermediate quaternary structure. (1989)

The structure of the unligated Glu 239----Gln mutant of Escherichia coli aspartate carbamoyltransferase (EC 2.1.3.2) has been determined to 3.1-A resolution and refined to a crystallographic residual of 0.22 in the space group P321. The unit-cell dimensions of the unligated enzyme are a = 122.3 A, c = 147.1 A. The c axis cell length is intermediate between the c axis lengths of the T (tense)(c = 142.2 A) and R (relaxed) (c = 156.2 A) state structures. Furthermore, the quaternary structure of the mutant enzyme is intermediate between the quaternary structures of the T form and the R form. The differences between the quaternary structures of the Glu-239----Gln and T-form enzymes can be described as follows: the separation between the catalytic trimers increases by approximately 1.5 A along the threefold axis, and they each rotate in opposite directions approximately 0.5 degree around the threefold axis, whereas the regulatory dimers rotate approximately 2 degrees around the twofold axes.
Essential Role for Mitochondrial Thioredoxin Reductase in Hematopoiesis, Heart Development, and Heart Function (2004)

Oxygen radicals regulate many physiological processes, such as signaling, proliferation, and apoptosis, and thus play a pivotal role in pathophysiology and disease development. There are at least two thioredoxin reductase/thioredoxin/peroxiredoxin systems participating in the cellular defense against oxygen radicals. At present, relatively little is known about the contribution of individual enzymes to the redox metabolism in different cell types. To begin to address this question, we generated and characterized mice lacking functional mitochondrial thioredoxin reductase (TrxR2). Ubiquitous Cre-mediated inactivation of TrxR2 is associated with embryonic death at embryonic day 13. TrxR2(TrxR2(-/-)minus;/TrxR2(-/-)minus;) embryos are smaller and severely anemic and show increased apoptosis in the liver. The size of hematopoietic colonies cultured ex vivo is dramatically reduced. TrxR2-deficient embryonic fibroblasts are highly sensitive to endogenous oxygen radicals when glutathione synthesis is inhibited. Besides the defect in hematopoiesis, the ventricular heart wall of TrxR2(TrxR2(-/-)minus;/TrxR2(-/-)minus;) embryos is thinned and proliferation of cardiomyocytes is decreased. Cardiac tissue-restricted ablation of TrxR2 results in fatal dilated cardiomyopathy, a condition reminiscent of that in Keshan disease and Friedreich's ataxia. We conclude that TrxR2 plays a pivotal role in both hematopoiesis and heart function.
Elaboration of poly(lactic acid)/halloysite nanocomposites by means of water assisted extrusion: structure, mechanical properties and fire performance (2014)

This study shows the interest of elaborating polylactide/halloysite nanocomposites by means of water assisted extrusion (WAE). Besides, WAE gives access to materials with improved fire properties and prevents molecular degradation.
Methods and reference data for middle ear transfer functions (2022)

Human temporal bone specimens are used in experiments measuring the sound transfer of the middle ear, which is the standard method used in the development of active and passive middle ear implants. Statistical analyses of these experiments usually require that the TB samples are representative of the population of non-pathological middle ears. Specifically, this means that the specimens must be mechanically well-characterized. We present an in-depth statistical analysis of 478 data sets of middle ear transfer functions (METFs) from different laboratories. The data sets are preprocessed and various contributions to the variance of the data are evaluated. We then derive a statistical range as a reference against which individual METF measurements may be validated. The range is calculated as the two-sided 95% tolerance interval at audiological frequencies. In addition, the mean and 95% confidence interval of the mean are given as references for assessing the validity of a sample group. Finally, we provide a suggested procedure for measuring METFs using the methods described herein.
Superconducting VLSI Logic Cell Library Using DC-Powered Clockless Dynamic SFQ Gates and ASIC-Style Layout Template (2023)

We report a new approach to building an ASIC-style superconducting SFQ logic cell library for the 8-layer 0.35 μm Niobium SFQ5ee process from MIT LL. The developed library layout template supports XY routing with Passive Transmission Lines (PTLs) and targets conventional Place-and-Route assembly for the design of VLSI Random Logic Macros (RLMs). The designed library gates are based on clockless Dynamic SFQ (DSFQ) logic which allows one to directly implement deep combinational logic clouds. The full library gates communicate only via an XY PTL routing plane, while internally they are assembled from smaller self-contained subgates, connected via inductors and placed in one template row. We report test results for two chips that independently verify library subgate assemblies that are used to build DSFQ logic gates as well as active PTL interconnect; on-chip testbenches provide low-speed and high-speed (GHz) test modes. We have achieved low-speed and high-speed functionality of both the DSFQ logic gates (AND, OR, and AO21) and active interconnect circuitry (transmitters Tx and receivers Rx) used for communicating SFQ signals over 700 μm PTLs and short (∼50 μm) series inductor-resistor (LR) connections. The measured speed of the OR and AND logic circuits exceeded 10 GHz, while the speed for PTLs and LR connections was more than 10 and 30 GHz, respectively.
Supplementary Movie S3 from Real-time, Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging with an Optimized Dye/Light Source/Camera Combination for Surgical Guidance of Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Movie S3. A PSMA positive xenograft pre-stained with YC-27 was placed behind the peritoneum of a pig during laparoscopic surgery. The xenograft could easily be detected with the help of the LumiNIR{trade mark, serif} system and removed with the NIR guidance.&lt;/p&gt;
ARTHROSCOPIC REPAIR OF FULL-THICKNESS ROTATOR CUFF TEARS: A MULTICENTRIC RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF 576 CASES (2008)

Purpose of the study: Completely arthroscopic repair of rotator cuff tears is widely considered as the standard treatment. We reviewed a multicentric retrospective series of patients. Material and methods: This series of arthroscopic repairs of full-thickness tears of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus were assess with the Constant score together with arthroMRI or arthroscan at one year follow-up at least. Data were analyzed with SPSS10. The series included 576 patients who underwent surgery from January 2001 to June 2003. Mean age was 57.7 years, 52% males and 60% manual laborers. Mean preoperative Constant score was 46.4/100 (r13.4). The tear was limited to the supraspinatus in 69% of patients with extension to the upper third of the infraspinagus for 23.5% and to all tendons for 7.5%. The supraspinatus tear was distal in 41.7% of patients, intermediary for 44%, and retracted for 14.3%. Arthroscopic repair was performed in all cases, with locoregional anesthesia for 60.9%. Implants were resorbable for 33% and metallic for 62.1%. Acromioplasty was performed for 92.7% and capsulotomy for 14.9%. Results: The mean subjective outcome was scored 8.89/10. The Constant score improved from 46.3±13.4 to 82.7±10.3 with 62% of patients being strictly pain free. The force score improved from 8.5±3.7 to 13.6±5.4. Outcome was excellent or very good for 94% of the shoulders at 18.5 mean follow-up. The rate of complications was 6.2% with 3.1% of patients presenting prolonged joint stiffness, 2.7% reflex dystrophy, 0.2% infection and 0.2% implant migration. The cuff was considered normal in 55.7% of the shoulders with an intratendon addition image for 19%, i.e. 74.7% non-torn cuffs. A point leakage was noted in 9.5% with pronounced leakage in 15.7%, i.e. 25.2% recurrent tears. Discussion and conclusion: The functional outcome obtained after arthroscopic repair of rotator cuff tears is good. Arthroscopy has the advantage of a low rate of complications yet provides good clinical and anatomic results. Age is correlated with functional outcome and healing, but should not be considered as a contraindication.
Recruitment and expansion of dendritic cells in vivo potentiate the immunogenicity of plasmid DNA vaccines (2004)

DCs are critical for priming adaptive immune responses to foreign antigens. However, the utility of harnessing these cells in vivo to optimize the immunogenicity of vaccines has not been fully explored. Here we investigate a novel vaccine approach that involves delivering synergistic signals that both recruit and expand DC populations at the site of antigen production. Intramuscular injection of an unadjuvanted HIV-1 envelope (env) DNA vaccine recruited few DCs to the injection site and elicited low-frequency, env-specific immune responses in mice. Coadministration of plasmids encoding the chemokine macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha) and the DC-specific growth factor fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand with the DNA vaccine resulted in the recruitment, expansion, and activation of large numbers of DCs at the site of inoculation. Consistent with these findings, coadministration of these plasmid cytokines also markedly augmented DNA vaccine---elicited cellular and humoral immune responses and increased protective efficacy against challenge with recombinant vaccinia virus. These data suggest that the availability of mature DCs at the site of inoculation is a critical rate-limiting factor for DNA vaccine immunogenicity. Synergistic recruitment and expansion of DCs in vivo may prove a practical strategy for overcoming this limitation and potentiating immune responses to vaccines as well as other immunotherapeutic strategies.
Increased expression and retention of the secretory chaperone proSAAS following cell stress (2020)

The secretory pathway of neurons and endocrine cells contains a variety of mechanisms designed to combat cellular stress. These include not only the unfolded protein response pathways but also diverse chaperone proteins that collectively work to ensure proteostatic control of secreted and membrane-bound molecules. One of the least studied of these chaperones is the neural- and endocrine-specific molecule known as proSAAS. This small chaperone protein acts as a potent anti-aggregant both in vitro and in cellulo and also represents a cerebrospinal fluid biomarker in Alzheimer's disease. In the present study, we have examined the idea that proSAAS, like other secretory chaperones, might represent a stress-responsive protein. We find that exposure of neural and endocrine cells to the cell stressors tunicamycin and thapsigargin increases cellular proSAAS mRNA and protein in Neuro2A cells. Paradoxically, proSAAS secretion is inhibited by these same drugs. Exposure of Neuro2A cells to low concentrations of the hypoxic stress inducer cobalt chloride, or to sodium arsenite, an oxidative stressor, also increases cellular proSAAS content and reduces its secretion. We conclude that the cellular levels of the small secretory chaperone proSAAS are positively modulated by cell stress.
Techniques for handling video in virtual environments (1998)

This paper discusses ways to incorporate video displays into virtual environments. It focuses on the virtual worlds created by a distributed multi-user simulator. Still images or video streams represent spaces within these three-dimensional worlds. The paper introduces techniques to deal with avatar movement into and out of video regions. In one technique—media melding—when an object moves from one region to another, the media used to represent that object correspondingly change. In a second technique—object tracing—when an object moves from one region to another, its actions in the second region are represented by a trace object in the first region. Pyramidic panels provide a means of dealing with viewpoint changes so that two-dimensional images and video clips can successfully simulate threedimensional spaces. The paper concludes by suggesting ways to extend our techniques and by listing possible future studies. CR
Volumetric True 3D Display using Multi-focal Scanned Light (2009)

Our novel 3D volumetric displays scan multiple superimposed light beams with different focus levels to optically position rendered objects at different viewing distances, overcome accommodation/vergence conflicts, reduce fatigue, and provide more accurate cues to depth perception.
ESTRUS DETECTION WITH A PROGESTERONE BIOSENSOR (2001)

The objectives of this research were to demonstrate the ability of a biosensor to track the bovine estrous cycle byonline measurement of milk progesterone and to evaluate the potential for detection of ovulatory events as compared withstandard estrus detection methods. Daily measurements were made at the UC Davis research dairy on 11 nonpregnant cows,17 to 57 days postpartum, over a period of 2 months. True ovulatory events were determined by radioimmunoassay andcompared with biosensor classification, herd manager observation of estrus behavior, and activity monitor classification. Thebiosensor system correctly identified all 14 ovulatory events during its period of operation, but the variability at lowprogesterone concentrations caused 5 false positives. The herd manager identified 13 of 17 possible ovulatory events, andmissed the other 4 events due to a lack of overt estrus behavior. The activity monitor detected fewer events than the herdmanager (9 out of 16 possible events) and was more prone to false positives (12 vs. 4). Based on the analysis of progesteroneprofiles, a decision strategy to assist with reproductive management over an entire lactation is presented.
Structure and electrical conductivity of (La0.9Sr0.1)[(Ga1 − x Crx)0.8Mg0.2]O3 − δ (x = 0–0.35) solid solutions (2006)

(La0.9Sr0.1)[(Ga1 − x Crx)0.8Mg0.2]O3 − δ (x = 0–0.35) perovskite-like solid solutions have been prepared by ceramic processing route, and their structural parameters, microstructure, and electrical conductivity have been determined. The results indicate that the cation substitutions reduce the unit-cell volume of the solid solutions and raise their total conductivity via an increase in electronic conductivity, while their ionic conductivity seems to decrease with increasing x.
30 Gbit/s operation of a traveling-wave electroabsorption modulator (2003)

Electroabsorption modulators with traveling-wave electrodes have been designed and fabricated using MOCVD grown InGaAsP-InGaAsP quantum wells. 30-Gbit/s transmission was demonstrated with a 2-/spl mu/m-wide 300-/spl mu/m-long device.