gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Primer Sequence Disclosure: A Clarification of the MIQE Guidelines (2011)

The MIQE guidelines has rapidly become standard reporting procedure when writing up and presenting real-time quantitative pCR (qPCR) data. Accoeding to the originál requirement of MIQE full disclosure of primer sequence information is requested. This requirement is not possible to meet when using commersial primers from some leading vendors, since they disclose to clients only limited amount of informatik about the primers they supply. Recently they increased the information provided to clients to make experiments easier to design and easier to reproduce. In this letter the MIQE guidelines are amended to allow also these primers to be used in MIQE complient reports and publications.
Fractional topological solitons in nonlinear viscoelastic ribbons with tunable speed (2023)

A unique type of domain-wall solitons, fractional topological solitons, have been recently theoretically shown to arise in minimal surface ribbons and demonstrate topological robustness. Here we study these fractional topological solitons experimentally using 3D printed helicoid ribbons and computationally using finite-element analysis (FEA). We show that these fractional solitons propagate at constant speed despite the strong dissipation in the viscoelastic material the ribbon consists of, and this speed can be sensitively controlled by an axial load. The nonlinear viscoelastic FEA quantitatively captures fine features of this fractional soliton. The results verify the predicted fractional solitons, and more importantly, open a new pathway of realizing and controlling topological fractional excitations in systems with complex material features including nonlinearity and viscoelasticity.
FACTORS DETERMINATING THE ONSET OF HYPERACUTE REJECTION FOLLOWING DISCORDANT PORCINE TO CYNOMOLGUS MONKEY KIDNEY XENOTRANSPLANTATION (1999)

521 In the discordant xenotransplantation setting especially in the transplantation of gal alpha 1-3 gal positive organs into gal alpha 1-3 gal negative recipients hyperacute graft rejection (HAR) mediated by preformed natural antibodies is believed to occur invariably in xenografts thus leading to rapid destruction and complete thrombosis of the graft. Recent data however have shown, that in the porcine to cynomolgus setting, HAR is not inevitably seen after porcine kidney or cardiac transplantation. In this study, by using nontransgenic large white porcine donor-kidneys, we have analyzed the influence of preoperative antiporcine antibody levels in the recipient, cold ischemia time, and donor organ weight on the onset of HAR. Material and methods: Porcine kidney xenotransplantation was performed in either a non life supporting model (n=7) or in a life supporting model (n=5) using cynomolgus monkeys of 3400 g to 8000 g body weight as recipients. The donor body weights varied between 4200 g and 25000 g, the corresponding donor kidney weights varied between 20 and 90 g. Cold ischemia times were between 75 minutes and 310 minutes. Preoperative antiporcine antibody levels were quantified using flow cytometry on aliquotated cryopreserved porcine blood mononuclear cells. In the explanted graft or biopsies appropriate immunohistochemistry (complement deposition, deposition of IgM and IgG) were performed. Results: HAR was defined as complete thrombosis of the graft after 2 hours with large vessels open and technical failure excluded. No correlation was found between cold ischemia time or preoperative antibody levels on the onset of HAR. In contrast, while 3 out of 9 grafts with an organ weight between 20 and 33 g and donor/recipient weight ratio below 2.0 experienced HAR, none out of three grafts with a donor organ weight > 70g and a donor to recipient weight ratio > 2.0 showed signs of HAR. In addition, all three larger grafts showed intraoperative and postoperative urine production, while in none of the 9 grafts weighting between 20 and 33 g primary graft function was observed. In one animal, a second kidney (23 g) was successfully (without HAR) transplanted immediately after HAR and subsequent removal of his first porcine kidney (20 g). Conclusion: By increasing the donor/recipient weight ratio and thus the organ weight, in the porcine to cynomolgus kidney transplantation model, the frequency of the onset of HAR can be at least reduced. This is most likely due to immunoabsorption of the recipients preformed antibodies in the porcine kidney without lethal damage for the graft. Studies determining the extent of antibody absorption or complement deposition in the grafts as well as antibody depletion from the recipients circulation are currently underway. This study was funded by Imutran/Novartis
Comparison of lipid composition and 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene fluorescence polarization measurements of hairy cells with monocytes and lymphocytes from normal subjects and patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. (1981)

In this report, we compare the lipid composition and fluorescence polarization properties of hairy cells with those of monocytes and lymphocytes from normal subjects and of lymphocytes from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. For hairy cells, the cholesterol content was 4.66 +/- 1.49 (S.D.) mumol/10(9) cells, and the cholesterol/phospholipid ratio was 0.60 +/- 0.09. These were significantly higher than the values of normal lymphocytes, (cholesterol content, 2.75 +/- 0.65 mumol; cholesterol/phospholipid ratio, 0.50 +/- 0.07) or of chronic lymphocytic leukemia lymphocytes (cholesterol content, 1.76 +/- 0.43 mumol; cholesterol/phospholipid ratio, 0.44 +/- 0.07). Normal monocyte values (cholesterol content, 5.81 +/- 2.08 mumol; cholesterol/phospholipid ratio, 0.59 +/- 0.06) were similar to those of hairy cells. Using the probe 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene, the fluorescence polarization value at 25 degrees for hairy cells was 0.302, compared to the value of 0.259 obtained with chronic lymphocytic leukemia lymphocytes. Intermediate values (0.294) were obtained with normal lymphocytes and monocytes. Fluorescence polarization values were higher in hairy cell membranes than in chronic lymphocytic leukemia lymphocyte membranes, indicating a low fluidity in the former cell, compatible with their higher cholesterol content and cholesterol/phospholipid ratio. These studies show that two neoplastic cells, hairy cells and chronic lymphocytic leukemia lymphocytes, differ markedly in membrane fluidity and that a high membrane fluidity does not necessarily occur in neoplasia.
Robust series resistance estimation for diagnostics of photovoltaic modules (2009)

It is well-known that the slope of the I-V curve of a photovoltaic panel at open-circuit conditions is proportional to the panel's internal series resistance. However, the slope of the I-V characteristic is greatly affected by environmental conditions, showing an approximately linear relationship with the reciprocal of the irradiation. In this work, a simple series resistance estimation method based on the slope of of the I-V curve at open-circuit translated to standard test conditions (STC <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> ), is presented. Experimental test results for crystalline silicone panels show good estimation performance in a wide range of irradiation (> 200W/m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) intensities, with a worst case accuracy of ¿ 0.15¿.
Desorption Electrospray Ionization (DESI) Mass Spectrometric Imaging of the Distribution of Rohitukine in the Seedling of Dysoxylum binectariferum Hook. F (2016)

Ambient ionization mass spectrometric imaging of all parts of the seedling of Dysoxylum binectariferum Hook. f (Meliaceae) was performed to reconstruct the molecular distribution of rohitukine (Rh) and related compounds. The species accumulates Rh, a prominent chromone alkaloid, in its seeds, fruits, and stem bark. Rh possesses anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and immuno-modulatory properties. Desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (DESI MSI) and electrospray ionization (ESI) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analysis detected Rh as well as its glycosylated, acetylated, oxidized, and methoxylated analogues. Rh was predominantly distributed in the main roots, collar region of the stem, and young leaves. In the stem and roots, Rh was primarily restricted to the cortex region. The identities of the metabolites were assigned based on both the fragmentation patterns and exact mass analyses. We discuss these results, with specific reference to the possible pathways of Rh biosynthesis and translocation during seedling development in D. binectariferum.
Depolarization mechanisms of PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 and PbZr0.95Ti0.05O3 poled ferroelectrics under high strain rate loading (2014)

Stress-induced and thermal-induced depolarization studies along with X-ray diffraction were performed on lead zirconate titanate ferroelectrics of different compositions, PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 (PZT 52/48) and PbZr0.95Ti0.05O3 (PZT 95/5). Specimens were shock loaded perpendicular to the polarization vector. It was found that the polarity of the stress-induced charge released by PZT 52/48 and 95/5 was opposite to the polarity of the charge generated due to the piezoelectric effect. PZT 52/48 was only partially (45%) depolarized under 1.5 ± 0.1 GPa mechanical compression, as opposed to PZT 95/5 which was fully depolarized. The experimental results indicate that the stress-induced depolarization mechanisms are different for these two compositions. PZT 52/48 is transformed to a state with lower polarization, while PZT 95/5 undergoes a phase transition to a non-polar antiferroelectric phase.
Microenvironmental Interactions and Survival of CLL B-cells (2004)

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) B cells display characteristics consistent with a defect in programmed cell death (apoptosis) and exhibit prolonged survival in vivo. When recovered from peripheral blood or lymphoid tissues from the patient and cultured in vitro, these malignant cells rapidly undergo spontaneous apoptosis. This observation suggests that the selective survival advantage enjoyed by CLL B-cells is not entirely autonomous, raising the possibility of manipulating CLL B-cell survival by iatrogenic means. The extended survival of the neoplastic B-cells creates a permissive soil on which oncogene activation, genetic instability and accumulation of gene mutations favoring disease progression can occur. In addition, such survival-promoting microenvironments can rescue leukemia cells from cytotoxic therapy, giving way to disease relapse. Survival of CLL B-cells is influenced by interactions with non-leukemia cells in the microenvironment of lymph nodes, marrow and other tissues. CLL B-cells have developed many different ways to escape undergoing apoptosis. These include: (a) expression of survival receptor as well as their ligands, giving rise to autocrine survival pathways which are leukemia cell specific; (b) defects in plasma membrane receptor cell signaling, triggered by death receptors such as Fas- and TRAIL; and (c) constitutively active survival signaling pathways such as NFkappaB and PI3K/Akt. Here we discuss some of the molecular mechanisms by which interaction with other cells and factors in the microenvironment provides survival advantages to CLL B-cells in specific in vivo niches, and we suggest some strategies for overcoming these anti-apoptotic mechanisms for improving treatment of CLL.
All-Silicon 99.35% Efficient Three-Phase Seven-Level Hybrid Neutral Point Clamped/Flying Capacitor Inverter (2019)

With the increasing use of photovoltaic systems, a large demand for efficient, power-dense and lightweight grid-interface inverters is arising. Accordingly, new concepts like multi-level converters, which are able to reduce the converter losses while still keeping a low construction volume, have to be investigated. The hybrid seven-level topology analyzed in this paper comprises an active neutral point clamped stage, followed by a flying capacitor stage. Compared to a pure flying capacitor converter, the combination of these two stages allows to save more than half of the capacitor volume, while still having the same requirement for the output filter stage, and hence, the same output filter volume. Moreover, the topology employs low-voltage devices and ensures low conduction and switching losses, resulting in a higher efficiency. The principle of operation of the system is briefly reviewed, and based on a detailed component modeling, an efficiency vs. power density optimization is carried out, for which switching loss measurements of state-of-the-art 200 V semiconductors are performed. From the optimization, a high-efficiency design is selected and the practical hardware realization is discussed. The simulation and optimization results are then verified by realizing an all-silicon 99.35% efficient three-phase seven-level system, featuring a volumetric power density of 3.4 kW/dm
 3
 (55.9 W/in
 3
), a gravimetric power density of 3.2 kW/kg, and fulfilling CISPR Class A EMI requirements. Finally, it is shown that an all-silicon realization with next generation silicon switches can achieve 99.5% efficiency with the same hardware, and 99.6% with commercial state-of-the-art GaN switches.
Icon-based concept for exploring rover autonomy (1992)

A model traverse in the Mare Tyrrhenum region of Mars is used as a setting to discuss autonomy and geologic decision-making for a rover mission. An icon-based language is proposed as a concept for exploring what degree of autonomy is useful in geologic problem-solving with remote rovers. This concept can be implemented during field trials on Earth which would cross-train geologists and robot designers, preparing a fine team to specify actual spacecraft requirements. An icon language user interface provides a tool enabling field experiments to be easily conducted by real geologists solving real geological problems.
The effect of additives on high temperature water retention and thermal stability of PFSA polymer composites (2017)

The high temperature water retention of new composites with PFSA (polyfluorosulfonic acid) polymer matrix is investigated based on structural analysis of such polymers containing a mineral acid and MgF2-nanoparticles as additives. As compared to the parent polymer the temperature for water removal is increased by almost 50°C to 250°C. The thermal stability of the PFSA polymer is slightly decreased from 360 to 340°C with respect to the onset temperature of de-sulfonation and back-bone de-polymerization. Different PFSA polymer composite membranes with a fixed amount of sulfuric acid as additive and a varying amount of 3 to 15 weight % of MgF2-nanoparticles coated glass particles were investigated. Structural details of the PFSA evident from FTIR-ATR analysis of the solid membranes can be associated with two major phenomena: (1) dissociation of the proton from the sulfonic acid group in the presence of small amount of water and (2) changes in the conformation and / or the degree of the crystallinity of the PTFE hydrophobic domains composite membranes in the PFSA as a function of the polymer and the weight ratio of the solid additive. From these results evidence is given that sulfuric acid acts as bridging agent to facilitate direct bonding between the sulfonic acid groups of the PFSA polymer and MgF2-nanoparticles, which are deposited as coating on the surface of micron-size glass particles used for mechanical strengthening of the polymer. The significantly increased water retention capability is attributed to the intimate bonding between the PFSA polymer and the solid inorganic additive.
210 Validation of a semi-automatic coronary vessel tracker algorithm for magnetic resonance whole-heart angiography (2008)

Introduction Recently MR whole-heart imaging has emerged as a new technique for visualization of the coronary arteries without requiring radiation or contrast agent. Although detection of coronary disease on whole-heart MR data is still a subject of research [1], reconstruction of the coronary vascular tree for advanced 3D visualization can give valuable information in combination with 2D quantitative cardiac MR analysis.
Supplementary Figure 3 from The Expression of Adenosine A2B Receptor on Antigen-Presenting Cells Suppresses CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cell Responses and Promotes Tumor Growth (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 3&lt;/p&gt;
Autocrine IL-10 impairs dendritic cell (DC)-derived immune responses to mycobacterial infection by suppressing DC trafficking to draining lymph nodes and local IL-12 production (2002)

The production of IL-12 by dendritic cells (DC) early in an immune response is considered critical for the polarization of CD4(+) T lymphocyte response towards a Th1 pattern, a key process in the clearance of intracellular pathogens. Infection of bone marrow-derived DC with Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette Guérin (BCG) induced a concurrent and dose-dependent releaseof IL-10 and IL-12. Here we examined whether the production of IL-10 by DC affected their IL-12 response to mycobacterial infection and the generation of protective immune responses in vivo. Compared to wild-type (WT) DC, DC deficient for IL-10 synthesis (IL-10(-/-)) showed increased IL-12 production in response to BCG infection and CD40 stimuli in vitro. Moreover, when transferred into mice, infected IL-10(-/-) DC were more efficient than WT DC at inducing IFN-gamma production to mycobacterial antigens in the draining lymph nodes (DLN). This effect was associated with increased trafficking of IL-10(-/-) DC to the DLN and enhanced IL-12 production by DC within the DLN. These data show that autocrine IL-10 exerts a dual inhibitory effect on the induction of primary immune responses by DC: first, by down-regulating the migration of infected DC to the DLN and second, by modulating the IL-12 production by DC in the DLN.
Tire-stiffness estimation by marginalized adaptive particle filter (2016)

[This paper considers longitudinal and lateral tire-stiffness estimation for road vehicles, using wheel-speed and inertial measurements. The deviations from nominal stiffness values are treated as disturbances acting on the vehicle, and are included in a nonlinear vehicle model. We formulate a Bayesian approach based on particle filtering, where the tire stiffness as well as the associated uncertainty are jointly estimated together with the vehicle velocity vector, the yaw rate, and the bias components for the inertial sensors. For computational efficiency, we marginalize out the noise parameters, hence do not need to include them in the state vector. Experimental data for a double lane-change maneuver indicate that the stiffness can be estimated within a few percent of the true values.
A review of the factors affecting the emission of the ozone chemical precursors VOCs and NOx from the soil (2023)

The soil environment is one of the main places for the generation, emission, and absorption of various atmospheric pollutants, including nitrogen oxides (NO<sub>x</sub>) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which are the main chemical precursors for the formation of ground-level ozone. Ground-level ozone pollution has become a concerning environmental problem because of the harm it poses to human health and the surrounding ecological environment. However, current studies on chemical precursors of ozone mainly focus on emissions from industrial sources, forest vegetation, and urban vehicle exhaust; by contrast, few studies have examined the role of the soil environment on NO<sub>x</sub> and VOCs emissions. In addition, the soil environment is complex and heterogeneous. Agricultural activities (fertilization) and atmospheric deposition provide nutrients for the soil environment, with a significant effect on NO<sub>x</sub> and VOCs emissions. There is thus a need to study the environmental factors related to the release of NO<sub>x</sub> and VOCs in the soil to enhance our understanding of emission fluxes and the types of NO<sub>x</sub> and VOCs in the soil environment and aid efforts to control ground-level ozone pollution through appropriate measures such as management of agricultural activities. This paper reviews the generation of NO<sub>x</sub> and VOCs in the soil environment and the effects of various environmental factors on this process. Some suggestions are provided for future research on the regulation of NO<sub>x</sub> and VOCs emissions in the soil environment and the ability of the soil environment to contribute to ground-level ozone pollution.
HAI-1 regulates activation and expression of matriptase, a membrane-bound serine protease (2005)

Hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor-1 (HAI-1) was initially identified as cognate inhibitor of matriptase, a membrane-bound serine protease. Paradoxically, HAI-1 is also required for matriptase activation, a process that requires sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P)-mediated translocation of the protease to cell-cell junctions in human mammary epithelial cells. In the present study, we further explored how HAI-1 regulates this protease. First, we observed that after S1P treatment HAI-1 was cotranslocated with matriptase to cell-cell junctions and that the cellular ratio of HAI-1 to matriptase was maintained during this process. However, when this ratio was changed by cell treatment with HAI-1 small interfering RNA or anti-HAI-1 MAb M19, spontaneous activation of matriptase occurred in the absence of S1P-induced translocation; S1P-induced matriptase activation was also enhanced. These results support a role for HAI-1 in protection of cell from uncontrolled matriptase activation. We next expressed matriptase, either alone or with HAI-1 in breast cancer cells that do not endogenously express either protein. A defect in matriptase trafficking to the cell surface occurred if wild-type matriptase was expressed in the absence of HAI-1; this defect appeared to result from matriptase toxicity to cells. Coexpression with matriptase of wild-type HAI-1, but not HAI-1 mutants altered in its Kunitz domain 1, corrected the trafficking defect. In contrast, catalytically defective matriptase mutants were normal in their trafficking in the absence of HAI-1. These results are also consistent with a role for HAI-1 to prevent inappropriate matriptase proteolytic activity during its protein synthesis and trafficking. Taken together, these results support multiple roles for HAI-1 to regulate matriptase, including its proper expression, intracellular trafficking, activation, and inhibition.
Capsules of Reactive Ionic Liquids for Selective Capture of Carbon Dioxide at Low Concentrations (2020)

The task-specific ionic liquid (IL), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium 2-cyanopyrolide ([EMIM][2-CNpyr]), was encapsulated with polyurea (PU) and graphene oxide (GO) sheets via a one-pot Pickering emulsion, and these capsules were used to scrub CO<sub>2</sub> (0-5000 ppm) from moist air. Up to 60 wt % of IL was achieved in the synthesized capsules, and we demonstrated comparable gravimetric CO<sub>2</sub> capacities to zeolites and enhanced absorption rates compared to those of bulk IL due to the increased gas/liquid surface-to-volume area. The reactive IL capsules show recyclability upon mild temperature increase compared to zeolites that are the conventional absorber materials for CO<sub>2</sub> scrubbing. The measured breakthrough curves in a fixed bed under 100% relative humidity establish the utility of reactive IL capsules as moisture-stable scrubber materials to separate CO<sub>2</sub> from air, outperforming zeolites owing to their higher selectivity. It is shown that thermal stability, CO<sub>2</sub> absorption capacity, and rate of uptake by IL capsules can be further modulated by incorporating low-viscosity and nonreactive ILs to the capsule core. This study demonstrates an alternative and facile approach for CO<sub>2</sub> scrubbing, where separation from gas mixtures with extremely low partial pressures of CO<sub>2</sub> is required.