gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ASP Pilot Trial in Canada Using a Formulation Based on a Novel Associative Polymer (2019)

Summary Alkali-surfactant-polymer (ASP) flooding is a common chemical enhanced oil recovery (EOR) method. Large full-field applications are limited, but there are numerous pilot trials reported. One reason for the lack of full-field implementations might be the comparatively high chemical cost of the ASP formulations. Hence, there is a continuous need for improving the cost and/or performance of the system. In this regard, new ASP formulations based on hydrophobically modified polyacrylamides, also known as associative polymers, were developed and the best performing candidate was evaluated in a pilot in a heavy oil field in Canada. The major motivation to use an associative polymer was to make use of its superior in-situ viscosifying performance compared to regular polyacrylamide polymer (HPAM). As a high in-situ viscosity was targeted to prevent influx from the aquifer in the reservoir. Altogether, more than ten different ASP formulations were investigated in sandpacks with cleaned and crushed rock material from the field. A high tertiary oil recovery of almost 69% was observed for an ASP formulation including chelating agent, sodium hydroxide, an alkylether sulfate surfactant and a novel hydrophobically modified polymer. The field application of this formulation commenced at the start of 2017 into three horizontal injection wells and concluded in Q2 of 2018. Injectivity was proven to be very good. It even did improve if compared to the alkali-polymer injection with a different polymer which was conducted in advance to the ASP pilot. Despite an increase of the injection rate from around 50 m3/d to approx. 70 m3/d, the wellhead pressure dropped from initially 1500-1600 psi down to approx. 1200 psi. This can be possibly explained by the good dissolution characteristics of the polymer, as also confirmed by the less frequent filter changes. Polymer effluent was detected in several production wells, which indicates a good propagation of the polymer through the reservoir. In August 2017 the oil-cut in several producers increased. However, this increase was not sustainable and it was concluded that the dilution effect of the aquifer was too strong to continue the chemical flooding operation. Altogether, it was shown that the combination of an alkylether sulfate surfactant and a hydrophobically modified polymer revealed excellent injectivity and good propagation through the reservoir. However, a drawback was the strong aquifer effect, which made the additional oil recovery only moderate. This effect needs to be managed more carefully for future chemical EOR program plans.
The CACNA1F Gene Encodes an L-Type Calcium Channel with Unique Biophysical Properties and Tissue Distribution (2004)

Glutamate release from rod photoreceptors is dependent on a sustained calcium influx through L-type calcium channels. Missense mutations in the CACNA1F gene in patients with incomplete X-linked congenital stationary night blindness implicate the Ca(v)1.4 calcium channel subtype. Here, we describe the functional and pharmacological properties of transiently expressed human Ca(v)1.4 calcium channels. Ca(v)1.4 is shown to encode a dihydropyridine-sensitive calcium channel with unusually slow inactivation kinetics that are not affected by either calcium ions or by coexpression of ancillary calcium channel beta subunits. Additionally, the channel supports a large window current and activates near -40 mV in 2 mM external calcium, making Ca(v)1.4 ideally suited for tonic calcium influx at typical photoreceptor resting potentials. Introduction of base pair changes associated with four incomplete X-linked congenital night blindness mutations showed that only the G369D alteration affected channel activation properties. Immunohistochemical analyses show that, in contrast with previous reports, Ca(v)1.4 is widely distributed outside the retina, including in the immune system, thus suggesting a broader role in human physiology.
1,4-Bis(4-bromophenyl)-2,3-diphenylbenzene (2006)

One of our major research efforts has been the synthesis of thermally stable polymers with applications in aerospace and electronic systems. Of particular inter­est is the poly(p-terphenyl­enevinyl­ene) polymer series and the title compound, C30H20Br2, provides a gateway into the synthesis of functionalized polymers with an expected nonpolar organic solubility enhancement by virtue of the polyphenyl backbone.
Development of a Macrophage-Based ADCC Assay (2021)

Fc-dependent effector functions are an important determinant of the in vivo potency of therapeutic antibodies. Effector function is determined by the combination of FcRs bound by the antibody and the cell expressing the relevant FcRs, leading to antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). A number of ADCC assays have been developed; however, they suffer from limitations in terms of throughput, reproducibility, and in vivo relevance. Existing assays measure NK cell-mediated ADCC activity; however, studies suggest that macrophages mediate the effector function of many antibodies in vivo. Here, we report the development of a macrophage-based ADCC assay that relies on luciferase expression in target cells as a measure of live cell number. In the presence of primary mouse macrophages and specific antibodies, loss of luciferase signal serves as a surrogate for ADCC-dependent killing. We show that the assay functions for a variety of mouse and human isotypes with a model antigen/antibody complex in agreement with the known effector function of the isotypes. We also use this assay to measure the activity of a number of influenza-specific antibodies and show that the assay correlates well with the known in vivo effector functions of these antibodies.
The Cerebrospinal Fluid Levels of Tau, Growth-Associated Protein-43 and Soluble Amyloid Precursor Protein Correlate in Alzheimer’s Disease, Reflecting a Common Pathophysiological Process (2001)

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of tau (total tau), growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43), soluble amyloid precursor protein (sAPP; i.e. total sAPP), and beta-amyloid(42) (Abeta(42)) were studied in patients with frontotemporal dementia (FTD; n = 14), Alzheimer's disease (AD; n = 47) and vascular dementia (VAD; n = 16), and in age-matched controls (n = 12). CSF-tau was increased in AD compared to controls and FTD (p < 0.001 for both). CSF-GAP-43 was increased in AD compared to controls (p < 0.05), and both CSF-GAP-43 and CSF-sAPP were increased in AD compared to FTD (p < 0.01). Positive and highly significant correlations were found between CSF-tau and CSF-GAP-43 in all groups and between CSF-tau, CSF-GAP-43 and CSF-sAPP in AD. The correlations found may reflect a common pathophysiologic process such as axonal degeneration.
Genetics, epigenetics and pharmaco‐(epi)genomics in angiogenesis (2008)

Angiogenesis is controlled by a balance between pro- and anti-angiogenic factors. Studies in mice and human beings have shown that this balance, as well as the general sensitivity of the endothelium to these factors, is genetically pre-determined. In an effort to dissect this genetic basis, different types of genetic variability have emerged: mutations and translocations in angiogenic factors have been linked to several vascular malformations and haemangiomas, whereas SNPs have been associated with complex genetic disorders, such as cancer, neurodegeneration and diabetes. In addition, copy number alterations of angiogenic factors have been reported in several tumours. More recently, epigenetic changes caused by aberrant DNA methylation or histone acetylation of anti-angiogenic molecules have been shown to determine angiogenesis as well. Initial studies also revealed a crucial role for microRNAs in stimulating or reducing angiogenesis. So far, most of these genetic studies have focused on tumour angiogenesis, but future research is expected to improve our understanding of how genetic variants determine angiogenesis in other diseases. Importantly, these genetic insights might also be of important clinical relevance for the use of anti-angiogenic strategies in cancer or macular degeneration.
Development of the high sensitivity MEMS accelerometer for oil and gas exploration (2013)

Seismic reflection survey is the main technique for exploring the underground. While the position is not expected to change in the near future, the data quality in resolution and S/N ratio is always subject of improvement. The authors have developed the high resolution MEMS accelerometer for oil and natural gas exploration. In this research, the form of a MEMS element, size and electronic circuit were modified to enhance sensitivity of a prototype of MEMS to use in a MEMS accelerometer. The MEMS sensor made as an experiment by this research surpassed -130 dB/?Hz which is the world highest ever by the performance evaluation test carried out. We are striving towards disseminating the developed MEMS sensors.
Network Reconstruction: The Concept (2015)

Network reconstruction is a long and arduous process that involves building a large network in a step-by-step fashion by identifying one reaction at a time. It is foundational to the bottom-up approach to biology. A reconstruction collects all the available biochemical, genetic, and genomic (BiGG) information that is available on a cellular process of interest, and then organizes it in a formal, mathematical fashion that is consistent with the corresponding fundamental chemical and genetic properties. In this chapter we illustrate this process by looking at the familiar glycolytic pathway. Then we introduce the module-by-module nature of the network reconstruction process. We then show how detailed information about the enzymes, genetic information, and structural properties are incorporated in a reconstruction. Next, we will detail the reconstruction of the central metabolic pathways in Escherichia coli and how a knowledge base is formed from the reconstruction process. We close the chapter by discussing the features of genome-scale reconstructions and the computational models formed from them.
Liquid ventilation: effects on pulmonary function in distressed meconium-stained lambs. (1984)

Seven lambs (0.93 term gestation) were delivered by cesarean section with evidence of meconium in the amniotic fluid, meconium staining, and respiratory distress. The initial arterial blood gas and acid-base status indicated severe hypoxemia and acidosis. Three of these lambs developed pneumothoraces and died on control gas ventilation with positive end expiratory pressure. During the control period (90 min) with ventilatory support, there were no significant alterations in mean arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) and alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient (A-aDO2). The initial hypercarbia and acidosis were effectively controlled and corrected using mechanical ventilation and bicarbonate infusion. Fifteen min after the onset of fluorocarbon ventilation mean PaO2 significantly increased and A-aDo2 decreased. After 90 min of fluorocarbon ventilation, lambs were returned to gas ventilation. During this recovery period, PaO2 and A-aDo2 remained significantly improved compared with control gas values. Dynamic lung compliance increased, alveolar and peak tracheal pressure decreased and inspiratory elastic work of breathing decreased during liquid ventilation.
JackMarker with GitDown: A Framework to Counter Plagiarism at Scale (2021)

Plagiarism in computer science programs remains a problem at many universities. Programming assignments lend themselves to unpermitted collaboration: students can share code or find solutions from past semesters through simple internet searches. JackMarker helps address this problem by embedding a hidden, traceable, and unique token within documents. GitDown extends this work by locating available online solutions and requesting that they be removed.
Inhibitors of the Bifunctional 2‐C‐Methyl‐d‐erythritol 4‐Phosphate Cytidylyl Transferase/2‐C‐Methyl‐d‐erythritol‐2,4‐cyclopyrophosphate Synthase (IspDF) ofHelicobacter pylori (2019)

Abstract A library of over 103 thousand compounds was screened for inhibitors of the IspD domain (2‐ C ‐methyl‐ d ‐erythritol 4‐phosphate cytidylyl transferase domain) of the bifunctional IspDF protein from Helicobacter pylori using a photometric assay. Around 300 compounds showed IC 50 values below 100 μ m , and three compounds had IC 50 values below 1 μ m . A few IspD inhibitors could also inhibit the IspF domain (2‐ C‐ Methyl‐ d ‐erythritol‐2,4‐cyclopyrophosphate synthase) of the IspDF protein. The most potent IspD inhibitors were tested as growth inhibitors of H. pylori . Several compounds showed inhibition of bacterial growth with IC 50 in the single‐digit μ m range. The most potent growth inhibitor had an IC 50 value of 3.4 μ m . The most potent growth inhibitor without measurable effect on eukaryotic cell viability had an IC 50 value of 7.2 μ m .
Potassium channels participate in gastric mucosal protection in rats with partial portal vein ligation (1998)

Glybenclamide, an adenosine triphosphate-dependent potassium (K+(ATP)) channel blocker, lowered portal pressure and attenuated the hyperdynamic splanchnic circulation in rats with partial portal vein ligation (PPVL). The purpose of this report was to confirm these observations and to test the hypothesis that glybenclamide could reduce acidified ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats with PPVL. Gastric mucosal blood flow (hydrogen gas clearance), systemic blood pressure, and portal pressure were monitored in rats with PPVL or sham operation (SO). Intravenous glybenclamide (20 mg/kg) or vehicle was administered, followed by intragastric acidified ethanol (0.15 N HCl and 15% ethanol). The area of gastric mucosal lesions was assessed by image analysis. In contrast to published findings, there was no significant elevation of portal pressure after glybenclamide administration in rats with PPVL. Glybenclamide did not alter the gastric mucosal hyperemia in these rats. Glybenclamide significantly increased mucosal injury. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that K+(ATP) channels play a role in protecting the gastric mucosa in rats with PPVL.
Epithelial and mesenchymal prostate cancer cell population dynamics on a complex drug landscape (2017)

We have improved our microfluidic cell culture device that generates an <i>in vitro</i> landscape of stress heterogeneity. We now can do continuous observations of different cancer cell lines and carry out downstream analysis of cell phenotype as a function of position on the stress landscape. We use this technology to probe adaption and evolution dynamics in prostate cancer cell metapopulations under a stress landscape of a chemotherapeutic drug (docetaxel). The utility of this approach is highlighted by analysis of heterogenous prostate cancer cell motility changes as a function of position in the stress landscape. Because the technology presented here is easily adapted to a standard epifluorescence microscope it has the potential for broad application in preclinical drug development and assays of likely drug efficacy.
Yersinia enterocolitica type III secretion of YopR requires a structure in its mRNA (2008)

Yersinia type III secretion machines transport substrate proteins into the extracellular medium or into the cytoplasm of host cells. Translational hybrids, involving genes that encode substrates as well as reporter proteins that otherwise cannot travel the type III pathway, identified signals that promote transport of effector Yops into host cells. Signals for the secretion of substrates into high calcium media were hitherto unknown. By exploiting attributes of translational hybrids between yopR, whose product is secreted, and genes that encode impassable proteins that jam the secretion machine, we isolated yopR mutations that abolish substrate recognition. Similar to effector Yops, an N-terminal or 5' signal in codons 1-11 is required to initiate YopR into the type III pathway. YopR secretion cannot be completed and translational hybrids cannot impose a block without a second signal, positioned at codons 131-149. Silent mutations in the second signal abrogate function and the phenotype of other mutations can be suppressed by secondary mutations predicted to restore base complementary in a 3' stem-loop structure of the yopR mRNA.
Sensitive Detection of Cell Surface Membrane Proteins in Living Breast Cancer Cells Using Multicolor Fluorescence Microscopy with a Plasmonic Chip (2016)

A plasmonic chip was applied to live cancer cell imaging. The epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is a surface marker that can be used to classify breast cancer cell lines into distinct differentiation states. EpCAM and the nuclei of two kinds of living breast cancer cells, MDA-MB231 and MCF-7, were stained with allophycocyanin (APC)-labeled anti-EpCAM antibody and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), respectively, and the cells were scattered on either a plasmonic chip (metal-coated wavelength-scale grating substrate) or a control glass slide. Multicolor fluorescence microscopic imaging allowed fluorescence images of APC-EpCAM to be obtained on the plasmonic chip that were more than 10 times brighter compared with those on the glass slide. In contrast, in the fluorescence images of DAPI-stained nuclei, no difference in brightness was observed between substrates. The fluorescence enhancement of APC-EpCAM in the cell membrane in contact with the plasmonic chip is thought to be due to the excitation of APC molecules localized within the surface plasmon field. Analysis of the cross section of a fluorescence image revealed a distribution of EpCAM at a higher level of fluorescence in the center of the cell image because of contact between the cell membrane and the plasmonic chip. In contrast, fluorescence images of APC-EpCAM taken on a glass slide were so dark that only the outline of the cell was characterized. The plasmonic chip thus constitutes a simple and powerful tool for analyzing the distribution and kinetics of surface marker proteins in cell membranes contacting the chip.
Macadamia: Master's Programme in Machine Learning and Data Mining (2008)

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ChemInform Abstract: Superoxide Oxidation of Hydroxy, e.g. (I), (VIII), and Keto Polyaromatics Including Internal Quinones, e.g. (III), (V), (VI). (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A post-processing method for vector quantization to achieve higher PSNR and nearly constant bit rate (2003)

In conventional vector quantization (VQ) encoding methods, the reachable best PSNR can be realized by a full search (FS) equivalent method when the codebook is fixed. To achieve even higher PSNR and an almost undegraded bit rate, a post-processing method for VQ encoding is proposed. This method first checks how well the matching is for an image block after conventional VQ by its block PSNR/sub b/. Then it partitions a badly matched image block into 2 partial blocks by a certain pattern (a pair of masks) and encodes them again just within a small already encoded nearby area. The overall matching can generally be improved by using 2 smaller partial blocks. Meanwhile, bit rate can be kept nearly constant by using 2 shorter winner pointers instead of 2 winner indexes. At the receiver, the badly matched image block is synthesized in reverse to realize a better reconstruction. In the case of the low-detailed image Splash, image PSNR can be unproved more than 1 dB for the 1024 codebook while the bit rate has almost undegraded.
Chiral glycine cation equivalents: N-acyliminium species derived from diketopiperazines (2002)

Studies towards a N,N′-bis(p-methoxybenzyl)diketopiperazine asymmetric glycine cation equivalent for the synthesis of homochiral α-amino acids are described. The oxidation of enolate 3 with molecular oxygen provides either a mixture of hydroxylated diketopiperazines 7 and 8 or trione 10 depending upon the reaction conditions. The nucleophilic reduction of trione 10 and the reaction of acetoxy N-acyliminium ion precursors 5 and 6, derived from 7 and 8, with allyltrimethylsilane and boron trifluoride etherate is examined and a model for the stereoselectivity observed in these additions is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: BIS(PENTAMETHYLCYCLOPENTADIENYL)ACTINIDE CHEMISTRY‐ PROPERTIES OF STABLE THORIUM AND URANIUM DIALKYLS AND HYDRIDES (1978)

Abstract Die Reaktion von Pentamethylcyclopentadienid‐ Grignardreagenzien mit Th‐ und U‐tetrachloriden liefert in Tolugl bei 100°C die kristallinen, luftempfindlichen Verbindungen (IIa), die durch IR‐ und NMR‐Spektren charakterisiert wurden.
The ATPase Activity of Hsp104, Effects of Environmental Conditions and Mutations (1998)

Hsp104 is crucial for stress tolerance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and both of its nucleotide-binding domains (NBD1 and NBD2) are required. Here, we characterize the ATPase activity and oligomerization properties of wild-type (WT) Hsp104 and of NBD mutants. In physiological ionic strength buffers (pH 7.5, 37 degreesC) WT Hsp104 exhibits Michaelis-Menten kinetics between 0.5 and 25 mM ATP (Km approximately 5 mM, Vmax approximately 2 nmol min-1 microg-1). ATPase activity is strongly influenced by factors that vary with cell stress (e.g. temperature, pH, and ADP). Mutations in the P-loop of NBD1 (G217V or K218T) severely reduce ATP hydrolysis but have little effect on oligomerization. Analogous mutations in NBD2 (G619V or K620T) have smaller effects on ATPase activity but impair oligomerization. The opposite relationship was reported for another member of the HSP100 protein family, the Escherichia coli ClpA protein, in studies employing lower ionic strength buffers. In such buffers, the Km of WT Hsp104 for ATP hydrolysis decreased 10-fold and its stability under stress conditions increased, but the effects of the NBD mutations on ATPase activity and oligomerization remained opposite to those of ClpA. Either the functions of the two NBDs in ClpA and Hsp104 have been reversed or both contribute to ATP hydrolysis and oligomerization in a complex manner that can be idiosyncratically affected by such mutations.
3 Tesla MRI Imaging of Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Mononeuropathy and Polyneuropathy (2006)

The purpose of this study was to describe imaging findings of chronic inflammatory demyelinating mononeuropathy (CIDM) and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) on a 3 Tesla MRI.
TJBot (2017)

TJBot is an open source, interactive robot designed to encourage people to build with cognitive services in a fun way. He is a paper robot, which can also be 3D printed, and comes with an initial set of recipes that bring him to life. Recipes are a combination of step-by-step instructions plus sample code that walk people through the assembly of the robot, its hardware components, and software code that connects him to Watson cognitive services. TJBot can be programmed to listen, speak, see and recognize, shine his LED, understand emotions, and wave his arm. TJBot was designed for two communities: makers, who enjoy the DIY aspects of building and programming novel devices, and students, who can learn about programming cognitive systems. At our demo, people can build their very own TJBot out of cardboard and interact with him through speech.