gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: A General Synthetic Route to 2,2′:5′,2′′‐Terpyrrole, 2,5‐Bis(2‐pyrryl)thiophene, and Alkyl‐Substituted Analogues. (1990)

Abstract The thiazolium halide catalyzed reaction of the pyrrolecarboxaldehyde (I) with divinyl sulfone (II) produces the 1,4‐diketone (III).
Tribological influence of a liquid meniscus in human sebum cleaning A Physicochemical and engineering aspects (2016)

The interaction of surfactants in solution with hydrophobic materials is at the root of the process of detergency. Lipid containing micelles are formed in solution, and through water rinsing, these structures are washed out from the surface. The presence of air in the solution and the formation of foam add complexity to the system due to the increased proportion of water interfaces in contact with the surface. The latter situation is more difficult to understand. In this work, we propose, as a first step, to explore the role of the interfaces in cleaning silicon wafers previously coated with a model lipid mixture representing human sebum has been investigated. It turns out that the presence of interfaces enhances the cleaning efficiency. The effect of altering the surface properties of the silicon wafer was also investigated and it was found that changing the contact angle of the wafer brought a very strong effect on the cleaning efficiency.
Saturation Effect of Electroabsorption Modulator on Analog Link Gain and Linearity (2007)

The linearity and link gain performance of analog fiber-optic links based on electroabsorption modulators operating at high optical power is analyzed. The negative feedback attributed to the photocurrent generation improves the modulator linearity at high optical power while causes the link gain to saturate. Potential schemes to improve both will be presented.
Redaction of Sensitive Data in the Publication of Dual Use Research of Concern (2014)

The publication of scientific information that derives from dual use research of concern (DURC) poses major problems for journals because it brings into conflict the benefits of free access to data and the need to prevent misuse of that information by others. Recently, a group of authors and a major scientific journal addressed the issue of publishing information on a newly discovered, highly lethal toxin that can be delivered to large populations and for which there are no available countermeasures. The journal addressed this conflict by permitting the redaction of information that is normally considered essential for publication. This action establishes a precedent for redaction of sensitive data that also provides an example of responsible scientific publishing. However, this precedent leaves many questions unanswered and suggests a need for a discussion by all stakeholders of scientific information so as to derive normative standards for the publication of DURC.
Uncertainty-aware molecular dynamics from Bayesian active learning: Phase Transformations and Thermal Transport in SiC (2022)

Abstract Machine learning interatomic force fields are promising for combining high computational efficiency and accuracy in modeling quantum interactions and simulating atomic level processes. Active learning methods have been recently developed to train force fields efficiently and automatically. Among them, Bayesian active learning utilizes principled uncertainty quantification to make data acquisition decisions. In this work, we present an efficient Bayesian active learning workflow, where the force field is constructed from a sparse Gaussian process regression model based on atomic cluster expansion descriptors. To circumvent the high computational cost of the sparse Gaussian process uncertainty calculation, we formulate a high-performance approximate mapping of the uncertainty and demonstrate a speedup of several orders of magnitude. As an application, we train a model for silicon carbide (SiC), a wide-gap semiconductor with complex polymorphic structure and diverse technological applications in power electronics, nuclear physics and astronomy. We show that the high pressure phase transformation is accurately captured by the autonomous active learning workflow. The trained force field shows excellent agreement with both \textit{ab initio} calculations and experimental measurements, and outperforms existing empirical models on vibrational and thermal properties. The active learning workflow readily generalizes to a wide range of systems and accelerates computational understanding and design.
Correction: Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Combination with Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy in Patients with Metastatic Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (2021)

In the original version of this article (1), the graph lines were mislabeled in Fig. 2C and D. The graphs have been corrected in the latest online HTML and PDF versions of the article. The authors regret this error.
Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of SO2 Adsorption over the 1,3-Phenylenediamine/SiO2 System (2015)

The reversible adsorption of SO2 on 1,3-phenylenediamine was investigated using the step transient response technique coupled with operando infrared spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, UV–vis spectrometry, and density functional theory (DFT). At 50 °C, the reaction of SO2 at the amine site resulted in fixation of sulfur as hydrogen-bonded SO32– (sulfite) and SO42– (sulfate) species. Simulated infrared and UV–vis spectra at the DFT B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level were compared to the experimental results to help characterize the infrared spectra, molecular interactions, and bonding of the adsorbing species. The theoretically calculated binding energies revealed the sulfite and sulfate species bind stronger at the ammonium sites as compared to the amine site, which agrees with the infrared spectroscopic observations. Temperature-programmed desorption showed a capacity of 1.39 mol SO2/mol sorbent for pure 1,3-phenylenediamine and 2.8 mol SO2/mol sorbent for the SiO2 supported sorbent. The presence of sulfite and sulfate in the sorbent layer at 50 °C resulted in the oxidative degradation of the amine site to produce −NO2 groups and deactivation of adsorption sites in the sorbent. The infrared data indicates that the adsorbed sulfite and sulfate species remained strongly bonded at the ammonium site, whereas the SO2, sulfite, and sulfate species at the amine site may be thermally desorbed from the sorbent. The retained SO32– and SO42– species led to the rapid deactivation of the sorbent during multicycle testing.
On the Use of Existing 4G Small Cell Deployments for 5G V2N Communication (2019)

Peer reviewed
Imaging Mass Spectrometry Reveals Elevated Nigral Levels of Dynorphin Neuropeptides in L-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesia in Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease (2011)

L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia is a troublesome complication of L-DOPA pharmacotherapy of Parkinson's disease and has been associated with disturbed brain opioid transmission. However, so far the results of clinical and preclinical studies on the effects of opioids agonists and antagonists have been contradictory at best. Prodynorphin mRNA levels correlate well with the severity of dyskinesia in animal models of Parkinson's disease; however the identities of the actual neuroactive opioid effectors in their target basal ganglia output structures have not yet been determined. For the first time MALDI-TOF imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) was used for unbiased assessment and topographical elucidation of prodynorphin-derived peptides in the substantia nigra of a unilateral rat model of Parkinson's disease and L-DOPA induced dyskinesia. Nigral levels of dynorphin B and alpha-neoendorphin strongly correlated with the severity of dyskinesia. Even if dynorphin peptide levels were elevated in both the medial and lateral part of the substantia nigra, MALDI IMS analysis revealed that the most prominent changes were localized to the lateral part of the substantia nigra. MALDI IMS is advantageous compared with traditional molecular methods, such as radioimmunoassay, in that neither the molecular identity analyzed, nor the specific localization needs to be predetermined. Indeed, MALDI IMS revealed that the bioconverted metabolite leu-enkephalin-arg also correlated positively with severity of dyskinesia. Multiplexing DynB and leu-enkephalin-arg ion images revealed small (0.25 by 0.5 mm) nigral subregions with complementing ion intensities, indicating localized peptide release followed by bioconversion. The nigral dynorphins associated with L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia were not those with high affinity to kappa opioid receptors, but consisted of shorter peptides, mainly dynorphin B and alpha-neoendorphin that are known to bind and activate mu and delta opioid receptors. This suggests that mu and/or delta subtype-selective opioid receptor antagonists may be clinically relevant for reducing L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease.
An Automated Valve for Dispersion Control in On-Chip Electrophoresis (2007)

Band dispersion and sample loss into a side channel is a major problem when an electrokinetically-mobilized concentration zone passes a T-junction in a networked microfluidic chip. The band dispersion can be minimized in linear electrophoretic systems such as zone electrophoresis and moving boundary electrophoresis by applying a constant additional electric field in the side channel. However, constant valve voltages have shown to provide unsatisfactory valve performance during nonlinear electrophoresis (isotachophoresis). In this study, an automated valve system was developed to reduce the band dispersion at the intersection during non-linear electrophoresis. The automated valve consists of two integrated microelectrodes and a control system. With the automated control system, two integrated microelectrodes provide an effective way to manipulate current streamlines, thus acting as a non-mechanical valve for charged species in electrokinetic separations. Experimental results with this non-mechanical valve show decreased dispersion and increased reproducibility as protein zones isotachophoretically passed the T-junction.
Ambient air pressure influence on the dynamic Leidenfrosttemperature of impacting droplets (2014)

Water droplets impacting a superheated silicon surface either exhibit boiling via contact
(contact boiling), where they make direct contact with the surface, or boiling via a vapour
film which separates the droplet from the surface (film boiling, Leidenfrost boiling). The
transition from contact to film boiling depends, ceteris paribus, on the surface temperature
and the kinetic energy of the droplet. In this study this relationship is investigated for the
ambient air pressure. The conditions under which each regime is observed are determined
experimentally. After verifying previous results at atmospheric pressure, we show that
the transition region occurs at significantly lower temperatures at a set kinetic energy
when pressure is decreased. We propose a qualitative relation for this change and present
physical arguments as to why the ambient pressure influences this boiling behaviour. We
also show that the maximum deformation s = Dmax/D0 of impacting droplets in the film
boiling regime scales with the Weber number, We, as s~ We 0:35, regardless of surfacetemperature or ambient pressure. This scaling is, within error margins, in line with the
theory, which predicts a scaling of s~We 3/10 .
Crystallographic dependence of the spin Hall angle in epitaxial Pt films: Comparison of optical and electrical detection of spin-torque ferromagnetic resonance techniques (2022)

The spin Hall effect appears in nature in two forms. Its intrinsic form is highly dependent on the crystal symmetry while its extrinsic form stems from impurity scattering. Its efficiency is defined by the spin Hall angle, θSH, and has profound impact on spintronic technologies. However, an accurate measurement of θSH is not straightforward nor the identification of its origin. In this work, we apply a spin-torque driven ferromagnetic resonance method that is probed in two different ways, optically and electrically, to study the dependence of θSH in the crystallographic direction in epitaxial Al2O3/Pt (111), MgO(110)/Pt (110), and MgO(001)/Pt (001) films. We show that the electrical technique is limited in its ability to accurately quantify θSH at high current densities, and in some cases, it may even result in erroneous θSH values. Such cases include films that exhibit a large inhomogeneous broadening. We find that θSH is strongly affected by the crystallographic direction. Our study extends the understanding of one of the most commonly used methods for the exploration of the spin Hall effect.
Pause structure in synthetic speech (1985)

Intonation contouring of synthetic speech improves both intelligibility and comprehension [Slowiaczek and Nusbaum, to appear], while flattening appears to interfere with speech perception [Larkey and Danley (1983)]. Given the proven importance of F0, several problems remain in defining the domain of prosodic contour. Among the issues are pauses and intonational domains. These are particularly critical in an unlimited text-to-speech system where input is often unpunctuated long complex sentences. This paper reports on current work to determine pause structure of synthetic speech as a component of specifying the domain of prosodic contouring. The system uses a deterministic bottom-up parser to give a syntactic analysis of a sentence. Based on this and other information, a pause structure is computed algorithmically. The pause-parsed structure then serves as input for later stages in the application of F0. Syntactically based pause insertion is compared with a simple function/content word-based pause-insertion algorithm. We give evidence that the insertion of pauses based on a syntactic parse increases naturalness.
The ICSI RT-09 Speaker Diarization System (2011)

The speaker diarization system developed at the International Computer Science Institute (ICSI) has played a prominent role in the speaker diarization community, and many researchers in the rich transcription community have adopted methods and techniques developed for the ICSI speaker diarization engine. Although there have been many related publications over the years, previous articles only presented changes and improvements rather than a description of the full system. Attempting to replicate the ICSI speaker diarization system as a complete entity would require an extensive literature review, and might ultimately fail due to component description version mismatches. This paper therefore presents the first full conceptual description of the ICSI speaker diarization system as presented to the National Institute of Standards Technology Rich Transcription 2009 (NIST RT-09) evaluation, which consists of online and offline subsystems, multi-stream and single-stream implementations, and audio and audio-visual approaches. Some of the components, such as the online system, have not been previously described. The paper also includes all necessary preprocessing steps, such as Wiener filtering, speech activity detection and beamforming.
Expression of ob Gene in Adipose Cells (1996)

The product of the recently cloned mouse obese (ob) gene is likely to play an important role in a loop regulating the size of the adipose tissue mass. The hormonal regulation of the ob gene could affect adiposity. To investigate this point, the effect of insulin on ob gene expression was examined in cells of the 3T3-F442A preadipocyte clonal line. ob mRNA is absent from exponentially growing, undifferentiated cells as well as from confluent preadipose cells. Terminal differentiation of preadipose to adipose cells leads to the expression of ob mRNA detected by a sensitive and quantitative ribonuclease protection assay. In adipose cells, the level of ob mRNA is sensitive to insulin in the nanomolar range of concentrations with an increase from an average of 1 copy to 5-10 copies/cell. The effect of insulin was fully reversible and takes place primarily at a transcriptional level. The ob mRNA shows a rapid turnover, with a half-life of approximately 2 h in the absence or presence of insulin. The level of secreted Ob protein is also regulated by insulin. These results indicate that the ob gene is expressed in mature fat cells only and support the possibility that insulin is an important regulator of ob gene expression.
Low pesticide rates may hasten the evolution of resistance by increasing mutation frequencies (2010)

At very low pesticide rates, a certain low proportion of pests may receive a sublethal dose, are highly stressed by the pesticide and yet survive. Stress is a general enhancer of mutation rates. Thus, the survivors are likely to have more than normal mutations, which might include mutations leading to pesticide resistance, both for multifactorial (polygenic, gene amplification, sequential allelic mutations) and for major gene resistance. Management strategies should consider how to eliminate the subpopulation of pests with the high mutation rates, but the best strategy is probably to avoid too low application rates of pesticides from the outset.
A DLTS Study of SiO2 and SiO2/SiNx Surface Passivation of Silicon (2011)

Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy (DLTS) has been applied to Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (MOS) capacitors fabricated on crystalline silicon n- and p-type substrates, with a SiO2 or a SiO2/SiNx passivation stack, covered by an Al gate. It is shown that similar interface state distributions are obtained in both cases, from which it is concluded that the SiNx deposition does not degrade the interface. It is also shown that a rather large density of dangling bond defects is present at the Si/SiO2 interface, which is related to the absence of a post metallization forming gas annealing.
REVIEWS (1971)

Journal Article REVIEWS Get access CRIME, POLICE AND RACE RELATIONS: A STUDY IN BIRMINGHAM. By JOHN R. LAMBERT. [London: Oxford University Press. Published for the Institute of Race Relations. 1970. xxviii+308 pp. £3·00.] Stanley Cohen Stanley Cohen Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The British Journal of Criminology, Volume 11, Issue 3, July 1971, Pages 296–297, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.bjc.a046319 Published: 01 July 1971
Modeling Temporal Dependencies in High-Dimensional Sequences: Application to Polyphonic Music Generation and Transcription (2012)

We investigate the problem of modeling symbolic sequences of polyphonic music in a completely general piano-roll representation. We introduce a probabilistic model based on distribution estimators conditioned on a recurrent neural network that is able to discover temporal dependencies in high-dimensional sequences. Our approach outperforms many traditional models of polyphonic music on a variety of realistic datasets. We show how our musical language model can serve as a symbolic prior to improve the accuracy of polyphonic transcription.
Intelligent Modeling of Thrust Force in Drilling Process (2006)

In this paper, an intelligent modeling strategy for thrust force in drilling process is proposed. First of all, neural network (NN) models are developed to model the thrust force in drilling process. Second, drill head position information is included in the NN model to get better force prediction accuracy for entrance and exit drilling stages. Third, a fuzzy switching strategy is proposed to deal with the gain variation problem due to transitions from one drilling stage to another. Finally, gain variation due to drill wear is studied and the related modeling strategy is developed. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed model works well over a wide operating range.
Choroidal thickness maps from spectral domain and swept source optical coherence tomography: algorithmic versus ground truth annotation (2016)

Choroidal thickness measurements of SD-OCT and SS-OCT indicate that these two devices are interchangeable with a trend of choroidal thickness measurements being slightly thicker on SD-OCT with limited clinical relevance. Use of an automated algorithm to segment choroidal thickness was validated in healthy volunteers.
Exploring the Layered Use of Transparent Display on a Large Tabletop Display (2016)

To extend the utility of a large tabletop display, in particular, to explore interaction opportunities using space-above-tabletop, we present an exploratory prototype TransLayer, a floating layered transparent display. It uses a transparent touch display held by an extensible arm structure to make a position adjustable floating transparent layer. TransLayer creates a unique in-between interaction space above tabletop display, where both physical objects and virtual data can be visually associated. We introduce hardware and software configurations of TransLayer and describe key features and explored applications which relates to medical data, architecture and graphic editing tasks. Based on our design experience and the preliminary study result, we discuss implications for extending the tabletop interface and further improvement. This work contributes to proposing and exploring the potential of a new type of transparent interface device for the tabletop computing environment.
Phospho-β-catenin expression in primary and metastatic melanomas and in tumor-free visceral tissues (2020)

Abstract β-catenin (βcat) is an important downstream effector in the Wnt signaling pathway and plays an important role in the development and progression of many cancers including melanoma. βcat expression is regulated by GSK-3β-mediated phosphorylation at positions 33, 37 and 41. In normal cells, phosphorylation at these sites triggers proteasomal degradation, which in turn prevents accumulation of free cytoplasmic βcat. In cancer cells, stabilized β-catenin translocates into the nucleus, where it associates with TCF/Lef proteins to activate transcription of genes that promote tumorigenesis and metastasis. It has been suggested that nuclear phospho-βcat (pβcat) staining may be diagnostically useful in differentiating primary from metastatic melanoma. Also, a pβcat peptide (residues 30-39, p33) is naturally presented by melanoma cells as a T-cell target. We evaluated the expression of pS33-βcat in primary and metastatic melanoma tissues by immunohistochemistry. pS33-βcat was detected in primary and metastatic melanomas and was most commonly cytoplasmic and almost never exclusively nuclear. Interestingly, staining with pS33-βcat and pS33/37/T41-βcat antibodies was most intense in mitotic melanoma cells, consistent with prior studies demonstrating changes in the level of βcat during cell division. We observed no significant differences in pβcat staining location or intensity between primary and metastatic melanomas, suggesting that pβcat may have limited diagnostic or prognostic utility in melanoma. However, the high expression in dividing cells suggests promise as an immunotherapeutic target.