gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cache performance of operating system and multiprogramming workloads (1988)

Large caches are necessary in current high-performance computer systems to provide the required high memory bandwidth. Because a small decrease in cache performance can result in significant system performance degradation, accurately characterizing the performance of large caches is important. Although measurements on actual systems have shown that operating systems and multiprogramming can affect cache performance, previous studies have not focused on these effects. We have developed a program tracing technique called ATUM (Address Tracing Using Microcode) that captures realistic traces of multitasking workloads including the operating system. Examining cache behavior using these traces from a VAX processor shows that both the operating system and multiprogramming activity significantly degrade cache performance, with an even greater proportional impact on large caches. From a careful analysis of the causes of this degradation, we explore various techniques to reduce this loss. While seemingly little can be done to mitigate the effect of system references, multitasking cache miss activity can be substantially reduced with small hardware additions.
Double Contrast MRI of Thermally Ablated Liver Metastases (2003)

First observations indicate that LITT of hepatic metastases can be better followed with double contrast MRI, which displays increased contrast due to Gd enhancement of perfused tumor tissue and signal intensity loss in iron oxide accumulating hepatic parenchyma. Induced necrosis does not change its signal intensity at all after injection of iron oxide and Gd-containing contrast media.
Column generation at strip level for the K-staged two-dimensional Cutting Stock Problem (2016)

Viele industrielle Anwendungen existieren für das Packen von kleineren Objekten in größere Behälter, so-genannte Bins, sodass die Anzahl der verwendeten Bins minimal ist. Beispiele sind die Holz, Metall oder Glass Industrien, in der die Kundenbestellungen aus größeren Stücken Lagermaterial zugeschnitten werden müssen.Wenn sowohl Bins, als auch die kleineren Objekte, so-genannte Elements, rechteckig sind, ist vom 2-dimensionalem Bin Packing Problem (2BP) bzw. dem 2-dimensionalem Cutting Stock Problem (2CS) die Rede. In dieser Diplomarbeit werden weiters nur so-genannte Guillotinenschnitte erlaubt, was orthogonale Schnitte von einer Seite des Bins zur anderen sind. Diese Schnitte haben zur Folge, dass man das 2CS weiters über ihre Anzahl an Stages definieren kann, die mit K bezeichnet wird. Ein Stage ist hier eine Reihe paralleler Schnitte. Das Ziel dieser Diplomarbeit ist es, eine neue Variante von Column Generation für das 2-staged und 3-staged 2CS zu präsentieren, die auf der Generation von so-genannten Strips basiert. Zuerst wird das Problem formal definiert, und das Prinzip der Column Generation genauer erläutert. Darauf folgt eine Untersuchung der Litertur über das 2CS. Literatur zu dem Knapsack Problem wird auch vorgestellt, da es sich dabei um ein relevantes Subproblem der Column Generation handelt. Dies beinhaltet Varianten für das Unbounded als auch für das Bounded Knapsack Problem (UKP und BKP). Danach wird das Stage Shifted Column Generation (SSCG) präsentiert. Dazu gehören Definitionen für das Master Problem als auch für die relevanten Pricing Probleme für den Fall K = 2 und K = 3. Das Master Problem wird als ILP formuliert, genauer einem Set Covering Problem, während die Pricing Probleme Varianten eines Knapsack Problems darstellen. Für das UKP wird der effiziente algorithmus EDUK implementiert, während für das BKP ein neuer Algorithmus vorgestellt wird, der den gesamten Knapsack immer Element für Element bearbeitet, und BKP-Generator heißt. Für K = 3 wird BKP-Generator adaptiert, und DP-Generator genannt. Zwei Heuristiken, die auf der Randomisierung von DP-Generator beruhen, werden ebenfalls vorgestellt. Es wird außerdem eine Integrality Heuristic vorgestellt, da die Ergebnisse des Master Problems meist nicht integral sind. Die verschiedenen Pricing Probleme werden experimentell miteinander, und mit einer Insertion Heuristic als auch einer Dynamic Programming Implementation verglichen. Die Resultate zeigen gute Lösungen für die LP Relaxierung, und auch die integralen Lösungen können teils besser als die vorherigen Implementationen sein.
The Use of Lexical Context in Question Answering for Spanish. (2004)

This paper describes the prototype developed by the Language Technologies Laboratory at INAOE for Spanish monolingual QA evaluation task at CLEF 2004. Our approach is centered in the use of context at a lexical level in order to identify possible answers to factoid questions. Such method is supported by an alternative one based on pattern recognition in order to identify candidate answers to definition questions. The methods applied at different stages of the system and prototype architecture for question answering are described. The paper shows and discusses the results achieved with this approach.
The squalene‐2,3‐epoxide cyclase as a model for the development of new drugs (1986)

The 2,3-oxido squalene (SO) cyclases represent a group of enzymes which convert SO into polycyclic triterpenoids such as lanosterol, cycloartenol, cucurbitadienol and beta-amyrin. Taking into account the postulated model of the enzymatic cyclization of SO, we have investigated the possibility of designing compounds that would be selective and potent inhibitors of SO cyclases. Due to the fundamental role of sterols in animal, higher plant and fungal tissues, these inhibitors might behave as very selective (ipocholesterolemic, antifungal or phytotoxic) drugs. Our first approach was the synthesis and biological evaluation of 2-aza-2,3-dihydrosqualene and its derivatives which, being protonated at physiological pH, would present some similarities to the C-2 carbon ion generated by the opening of the oxirane ring of SO. Microsomes from different sources (germinated pea cotyledons, maize seedlings, rat liver and yeasts) were utilized to determine the inhibition values (I50: concentration of inhibitor producing 50% inhibition at a given substrate concentration). From the results obtained so far we conclude that 2-aza-2-dihydrosqualene and its derivatives strongly inhibited the cyclases, the site of the enzyme responsible for binding to the inhibitor is quite sensitive to the steric hindrance, and the degree of the inhibitory activity is greater in higher plants than in rat liver or fungi.
Intelligent Reflecting Surface-Assisted Cognitive Radio System (2019)

Cognitive radio (CR) is an effective solution to improve the spectral efficiency (SE) of wireless communications by allowing the secondary users (SUs) to share spectrum with primary users. Meanwhile, intelligent reflecting surface (IRS), also known as reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS), has been recently proposed as a promising approach to enhance energy efficiency (EE) of wireless communication systems through intelligently reconfiguring the channel environment. To improve both SE and EE, in this paper, we introduce multiple IRSs to a downlink multiple-input single-output (MISO) CR system, in which a single SU coexists with a primary network with multiple primary user receivers (PU-RXs). Our design objective is to maximize the achievable rate of SU subject to a total transmit power constraint on the SU transmitter (SU-TX) and interference temperature constraints on the PU-RXs, by jointly optimizing the beamforming at SU-TX and the reflecting coefficients at each IRS. Both perfect and imperfect channel state information (CSI) cases are considered in the optimization. Numerical results demonstrate that the introduction of IRS can significantly improve the achievable rate of SU under both perfect and imperfect CSI cases.
Effect of Metallization on Quality Factor and Noise Characteristics in Fused Silica Dual-Shell Gyroscopes (2022)

Metal coating of Fused Silica (FS) Micro-machined Hemispherical Resonator Gyroscopes (micro-HRGs) is necessary to allow for capacitive actuation and detection of motion. Metallization provides electrical conductivity, but reduces the quality factor of resonators. Both effects contribute to sensitivity and noise characteristics of the sensor. In this paper, we considered the metal coating material and thickness, linking the design and fabrication parameters to the gyroscope’s noise performance. We designed and fabricated FS Dual-Shell Gyroscopes (DSGs), a version of micro-HRG, and used it as a test vehicle to study the trade-offs between metallization, quality factor, conductivity, and noise characteristics. We developed an analytical electromechanical model to optimize metal-coating and predict gyroscope performance. The results have been confirmed experimentally. [2022-0052]
Atmospheric Deposition of Modified Graphene Oxide on Silicon by Evaporation-Assisted Deposition (2018)

We present a deposition technique termed evaporation-assisted deposition (EAD). The technique is based on a coupled evaporation-to-condensation transfer process at atmospheric conditions, where graphene oxide (GO) is transferred to a Si wafer via the vapor flux between an evaporating droplet and the Si surface. The EAD process is monitored with visible and infrared cameras. GO deposits on Si are characterized by both Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. We find that a scaled energy barrier for the condensate is required for EAD, which corresponds to specific solution-substrate properties that exhibit a minimized free energy barrier at the solid-liquid-vapor interface.
Processing Information in the Clouds (2020)

Cloud computing makes the necessary resources available to the appropriate computation to improve scaling, resiliency, and the efficiency of computations. This makes cloud computing a new paradigm for computation by upgrading its artificial intelligence (AI) to a higher order. To explore cloud computing using theoretical tools, we use cloud automata as a new model for computation. Higher-level AI requires infusing features of the human brain into AI systems such as incremental learning all the time. Consequently, we propose computational models that exhibit incremental learning without stopping (sentience). These features are inherent in reflexive Turing machines, inductive Turing machines, and limit Turing machines.
Theoretical Study of the Exchange Interaction and the Exchange Force between Fe Films: Feasibility of Exchange Force Microscopy (1998)

A theoretical study of the exchange interaction and the exchange force between two magnetic Fe(001) films based on a first-principles calculation is reported. Our calculations are carried out by varying the separation between the surface of two films from 1.4 to 5.0 Å. In these separations, we observed strong distance dependences of the exchange interaction and the exchange force. The variation in the exchange interaction and the exchange force relative to the atomic site on the surface are significant. Based on these results, the feasibility of exchange force microscopy (EFM) which probes the exchange force between the tip and the sample is discussed.
Using Measurements of Anchoring Energies of Liquid Crystals on Surfaces To Quantify Proteins Captured by Immobilized Ligands (2007)

We describe a simple optical method that employs measurement of the interaction energy of a liquid crystal (LC) with a surface (the so-called anchoring energy) to report proteins captured on surfaces through specific interactions with immobilized binding groups. To define the sensitivity and dynamic range of the response of the LC, we covalently immobilized a tyrosine-containing, 13-residue peptide sequence (Y1173) from the epidermal growth factor receptor/kinase (EGFR) at which autophosphorylation takes place and to which the adapter protein Shc binds. We determined that, on peptide-decorated (Y1173 or pY1173, where pY1173 is the corresponding phosphopeptide) surfaces incubated against anti-phosphotyrosine antibody, the anchoring energy of the LC decreased systematically from 4.4 to 1.4 microJ/m2 (with SEM=0.3 microJ/m2 for n=5) as the antibody concentration increased from 10 pM to 100 nM. Over the same range of antibody concentrations in solution and densities of immobilized peptides, independent ellipsometric measurements were not sufficiently sensitive to report the captured antibody (ellipsometric thicknesses were <0.1 nm). These results, when combined with control experiments reported in this article, provide the first demonstration of the use of anchoring energy measurements of LCs to report proteins captured by immobilized ligands on surfaces. The sensitivity and dynamic range of the methodology suggest that it may offer the basis of a simple yet broadly useful principle for reporting the interactions between proteins and other biomolecules that underlie complex and poorly understood chemical and biological events.
A methodology for the estimation of control flood wave hydrographs for the Horné Orešany reservoir (2022)

Recent changes in climatic characteristics and consequent changes in the discharges and in the hydrological response of watersheds raise questions about the safety of water structures.Changes in flood wave characteristics (shape, volume, peak flow) may significantly affect the functionality of these structures.The study proposes a methodology for constructing design wave and flood hydrographs using discharge time series.A case study was carried out in the Little Carpathians watershed of the Parná River, above the profile of the Horné Orešany reservoir in Slovakia.The volumes and characteristic shapes of the flood waves with the maximum annual and seasonal discharges were determined using the Floodsep software.Subsequently, the T-year annual and seasonal discharges were estimated.Then, for pairs of the Tyear discharges and the associated volumes of flood waves, a joint probability distribution was constructed by copula functions.The associated volume of the T-year peak discharges was selected from the copula, and the probability of exceeding it was determined.Based on this analysis, a set of annual and seasonal control flood waves with the design maximum discharge, the associated volume with the selected probability, and the typical shape of the flood wave was constructed.This research provides satisfactory results for designing control waves necessary for assessing water structures with extreme loads and establishing a functional methodology for assessing other water structures in the region.
OBSERVATIONS ON SPINE DEFORMITY AND SYRINGOMYELIA (2007)

Complete laminectomy should be avoided whenever possible in patients with syringomyelia because local denervation of the axial musculature, added to loss of medial anterior horn cells from syringomyelia, favors the development of spine deformities. This is particularly true of laminectomies performed at the junctional areas of the spine, i.e., cervical-thoracic and thoracolumbar. Hemilaminectomy usually suffices for shunt placement; instrumented stabilization should be considered in patients undergoing full laminectomy, especially those considered to be at high risk of developing deformity.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOELEKTRONEN‐SPEKTREN VON MOLEKUELEN 3. MITT. IONISATIONSPOTENTIALE VON CYCLISCHEN KOHLENWASSERSTOFFEN UND DEREN DERIVATEN, DURCH DIE MINDO‐SCF‐MO‐METHODE BERECHNETE BILDUNGSWAERMEN UND IONISATIONSPOTENTIALE (1970)

Abstract Für die Kohlenwasserstoffe (I) bis (XXXII) werden die ersten und z.T höhere Ionisationspotentiale aus den Photoelektronenspektren bestimmt bzw. nach MINDO‐Methoden berechnet.
Metabolic effects of sustained activation of the GLP‐1 receptor alone and in combination with background GIP receptor antagonism in high fat–fed mice (2009)

These results illustrate efficacy of (Pro(3))GIP and (D-Ala(8))GLP-1 for treatment of glucose intolerance and insulin resistance caused by high-fat feeding. Combination therapy appeared to have little benefit over either treatment alone.
Investigation of Robust Features for Speech Recognition in Hostile Environments (2005)

This paper presents an investigation of robust features for speech recognition in three different noisy environments. The state-of art Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients were extensively explored in additive, convolutive and reverberant environments. These environments have captured the interest of many researches in speech recognition systems. We evaluate robust speech recognition results on the TI-DIGIT database. Significant word error rate reductions were observed in the connected digit recognition experiments. The recognition experiments vindicate the robustness of Mel-frequency cepstral coefficient with dynamic features and cepstral mean normalization in hostile environments, especially additive and reverberant noise.
Design of Tissue-Engineered Leaflet Shape for the Ovine Pulmonary Valve Single Leaflet Replacement Surgery (2011)

Pulmonary valve (PV) replacement surgery is a treatment option for patients with a congenitally defective pulmonary outflow track. A tissue engineered pulmonary valve (TEPV) is a potential approach to serve as a replacement pediatric heart valve that has the potential for somatic growth. The single leaflet replacement surgical model can assist in assessing candidate biomaterials responses to in-vivo function. However, an empirically determined unloaded leaflet shape may result in abnormal valve function due to incomplete coaptation of leaflets and asymmetric stress distributions. Thus, to determine the final deformed shape of an engineered scaffold replacement PV leaflet under transvalvular pressure the following key factors must be determined: the scaffold anisotropic mechanical properties, optimal thickness, and the exact initial leaflet shape. We have used electrospun poly (ester urethane) ureas (ES-PEUU) scaffolds since they exhibit mechanical properties very similar to the native PV [1]. In this work we present a design framework of the optimal leaflet shape determination utilizing a single sheet of ES-PEUU for single leaflet replacement surgery via finite element (FE) simulation. The mechanical properties of ES-PEUU scaffold for leaflet replacement were obtained from biaxial in-plane tension and three-point bending flexural deformation experiments. Generalized Fung-type hyperelastic constitutive model [2] was implemented into a commercial FE software package to simulate the mechanical behavior of ES-PEUU scaffolds. By perturbing the initial shape of leaflet and simulating its quasi-static deformation under PV diastolic loading, the optimal shape of unloaded leaflet can be determined by comparing the deformed shape of leaflet obtained from FE simulation of TEPV with the one from microCT scan of a native ovine PV.
FAILURE MODE IN SHEAR AND EVALUATION OF DEFORMATION CAPACITY AFTER FLEXURAL YIELDING FOR REINFORCED CONCRETE SHEAR WALL (2010)

The shear failure of reinforced concrete shear wall brought by diagonal strut inside of wall panel can be classified into two types regardless of before or after flexural yielding: 1) shear failure of wall panel; and 2) compression failure of concrete at the bottom of boundary column. In reinforced concrete shear wall, transition of neutral axis which has greatly effects on the shear strength under plastic deformation is not considered in evaluation of deformation capacity on present standards. This paper presented a method to evaluate the deformation capacity of reinforced concrete shear walls considering failure mode based on following assumptions: 1) area of compression field is being reduced in accordance with increasing plastic deformation; and 2) shear failure occurs when the stress of the compression field reaches to the compressive strength of concrete at the wall panel or boundary column. The presented method was verified by applying to 33 test results; however, evaluation of confined effect by the boundary columns and ultimate strain of concrete should be considered.
Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in coronary-internal thoracic-subclavian steal syndrome. (1997)

Internal thoracic artery implants are widely used as conduits in coronary artery bypass surgery because of their resistance to the development of atherosclerosis. Two cases are reported of subclavian artery stenosis proximal to the internal mammary artery in patients who had undergone coronary bypass surgery. In both cases, an atypical pattern of postsurgical angina developed, with retrosternal chest pain occurring specifically with upper extremities exercise. Coronary and graft angiography revealed retrograde flow in the left internal thoracic artery during injection of the grafted coronary. Severe stenosis was identified in the subclavian artery. Treatment consisted of dilation of the subclavian artery stenosis with stent placement in one patient. Both patients had marked symptomatic improvement after the procedure.
Integrated Graphene Electro-Optic Modulator on Si3N4 with Increasing Bandwidth at Cryogenic Temperatures (2020)

We demonstrate an integrated graphene modulator overcoming the limits of 3D photonic materials at cryogenic temperatures, with a 17% bandwidth improvement from 11.9 GHz at 293 K to 13.9 GHz at 4.9 K.
A preliminary study of micro-RNAs as minimally invasive biomarkers for the diagnosis of prostate cancer patients (2021)

Noninvasive diagnostic tests may reduce the number of unnecessary prostate biopsies. The 2-miRs-diagnostic model (miR-26b-5p and miR-98-5p) and the 2-miRs-grade model (miR-26b-5p and miR-4732-3p) are promising minimally invasive tools in prostate cancer clinical management.
Relation between Structural Parameters and the Effective Electron-Hole Separation in InGaN/GaN Quantum Wells (2001)

The photoluminescence (PL) of InGaN/GaN quantum well (QW) structures is measured as a function of biaxial strain to study the dependence of the luminescence emission on the built-in electric field. The direction and magnitude of the shift in luminescence energy with strain reveals an effective e–h separation in the well. We have used this method to evaluate the effective e–h separation in a number of structures with varying QW thickness and indium content. Our results show that the e–h separation increases with increasing QW thickness and with increasing indium content.
The Maintenance of Muscle Mass Is Independent of Testosterone in Adult Male Mice (2020)

Abstract Testosterone is considered a potent anabolic agent in skeletal muscle with a well-established role in adolescent growth and development in males. However, alterations in the role of testosterone in the regulation of skeletal muscle mass and function throughout the lifespan has yet to be established. While some studies suggest that testosterone is important for the maintenance of skeletal muscle mass, an understanding of the role this hormone plays in young, adult, and old males with normal and low serum testosterone levels is lacking. We investigated the role testosterone plays in the maintenance of muscle mass by examining the effect of orchiectomy-induced testosterone depletion in C57Bl6 male mice at ages ranging from early postnatal through old age; the age groups we used included 1.5-, 5-, 12-, and 24-month old mice. Following 28 days of testosterone depletion, we assessed mass and fiber cross-sectional-area (CSA) of the tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius, and quadriceps muscles. In addition, we measured global rates of protein synthesis and degradation using the SuNSET method, western blots, and enzyme activity assays. 28 days of testosterone depletion resulted in smaller muscle mass in the two youngest cohorts but had no effect in the two older ones. Mean CSA decreased only in the youngest cohort and only in the tibialis anterior muscle. Testosterone depletion resulted in a general increase in proteasome activity at all ages. We did not detect changes in protein synthesis at the terminal time point. This data suggest that within physiological serum concentrations, testosterone is not important for the maintenance of muscle mass in mature male mice; however, in young mice testosterone is crucial for normal growth.