gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Large‐Scale Preparation of Polymer Nanocarriers by High‐Pressure Microfluidization (2017)

Abstract Polymer nanocarriers are used as transport modules in the design of the next generation of drug delivery technology. However, the applicability of nanocarrier‐based technology depends strongly on our ability to precisely control and reproduce their synthesis on a large scale because their properties and performances are strongly dependent on their size and shape. Fundamental studies and practical applications of polymer nanocarriers are hampered by the difficulty of using the current methods to produce monodispersed nanocarriers in large quantities and with high reproducibility. Here, a versatile and scalable approach is reported for the large‐scale synthesis of polymer nanocarriers from water‐in‐oil miniemulsions. This method uses microfluidization to perform a controlled emulsification and is proven to be effective to prepare nanocarriers of different biopolymers (polysaccharides, lignin, proteins) up to 43 g min −1 with reproducible size and distribution.
Evidence and mechanism of efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescence promoted by delocalized excited states (2017)

The design of organic compounds with nearly no gap between the first excited singlet (S<sub>1</sub>) and triplet (T<sub>1</sub>) states has been demonstrated to result in an efficient spin-flip transition from the T<sub>1</sub> to S<sub>1</sub> state, that is, reverse intersystem crossing (RISC), and facilitate light emission as thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). However, many TADF molecules have shown that a relatively appreciable energy difference between the S<sub>1</sub> and T<sub>1</sub> states (~0.2 eV) could also result in a high RISC rate. We revealed from a comprehensive study of optical properties of TADF molecules that the formation of delocalized states is the key to efficient RISC and identified a chemical template for these materials. In addition, simple structural confinement further enhances RISC by suppressing structural relaxation in the triplet states. Our findings aid in designing advanced organic molecules with a high rate of RISC and, thus, achieving the maximum theoretical electroluminescence efficiency in organic light-emitting diodes.
Structurally Derived Mutations Define Congenital Heart Block‐Related Epitopes Within the 200–239 Amino Acid Stretch of the Ro52 Protein (2005)

Congenital heart block is a passively transferred autoimmune condition, which affects the children of mothers with Ro/SSA autoantibodies. During pregnancy, the antibodies are transported across the placenta and affect the fetus. We have previously demonstrated that antibodies directed to the 200-239 amino acid (aa) stretch of the Ro52 component of the Ro/SSA antigen correlate with the development of congenital heart block. In this report, we investigated the antibody-antigen interaction of this target epitope in detail at a molecular and structural level. Peptides representing aa 200-239 (p200) with structurally derived mutations were synthesized to define the epitopes recognized by two Ro52 human monoclonal antibodies, S3A8 and M4H1, isolated from patient-derived phage display libraries. Analyses by ELISA, circular dichroism and MALDI-TOF-MS demonstrate that the antibody recognition is dependent on a partly alpha-helical fold within the putative leucine zipper of the 200-239 aa stretch and that the two human anti-p200 monoclonal antibodies, M4H1 and S3A8, recognize different epitopic structures within the p200 peptide. In addition, we investigated the representation of each fine specificity within the sera of mothers with children born with congenital heart block, and in such sera, antibodies of the S3A8 idiotype were more commonly detected and at higher levels than M4H1-like antibodies.
Generalized differential encoding: a nonlinear signal processing framework (2002)

Encoding of communication signals compensates for phase distortions introduced by imperfect local oscillators, fading, and multipath effects. Differential encoding is generalized in this paper using a nonlinear transformation called multi-lag high-order instantaneous moment (ml-HIM). The ml-HIM decoder is capable of removing not only constant phase ambiguity, but also Doppler frequency, Doppler rate, and even higher-order phase distortions. The multiple lags present in the ml-HIM are exploited to improve system performance. Differential encoding is also generalized to non-constant modulus constellations such as M-ary QAM and AM-PM.
Wavelet based method for electromagnetic inverse scattering problem using extended Born approximation (2004)

To determine the properties of a physical medium based upon a collection of measurements using microwave is the objective of many applied sciences and engineering problems. These electromagnetic inverse scattering problems are ill-posed, computationally expensive and have to fuse multi-sensor data from sparsely sampled, noisy observations. In this work, we solve the extended Born approximation (EBA) of permittivity perturbation in wavelet domain for microwave frequency bands and employ the multiscale statistical method to reconstruct the structure of the unknown. The computational complexity is reduced since the matrices defining the EBA are sparsified in wavelet domain.
Supplementary Figure FS3 from Quantitative, Spatially Defined Expression of Leukocyte-associated Immunoglobulin-like Receptor in Non–small Cell Lung Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;LAIR-1 expression in different molecular subtypes of within Storma and Tumor. (A) Umap (Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection) plot showing the expression of LAIR-1 RNA in patient lung tumor biopsies (n=7) derived single cell RNA-seq data. (B) Quantification of LAIR-1 expression in LM22 immune cells showing highest expression of LAIR-1 in macrophages.&lt;/p&gt;
Preparation and applications of a thioacetal handle for solid-phase synthesis (2006)

Among the most critical facets of solid-phase organic synthesis (SPOS) is the capability to attach the starting material to the solid support, and to cleanly remove the target molecule from the support following synthesis. Many effective handles (sometimes called linkers) have been developed for this purpose, but few are stable to many of the conditions used in traditional organic synthesis. This deficiency warrants the development of more broadly stable handles, which can nevertheless be cleaved under relatively selective conditions. We report here the preparation and applications of a thioacetal handle for the anchoring of aldehydes and ketones. The handle is stable to a variety of harsh conditions, and in the case of aldehydes, the handle system may be used as an acyl anion equivalent for the synthesis of ketones.
Radio Frequency Interference Validation Testing for LAAS using the Stanford Integrity Monitor Testbed (2003)

Since GPS signals have very low received power levels (−130 dBm, or −160 dBW), their vulnerability to RF Interference (RFI) is a serious concern. This is particularly true for GPS-based safety-critical systems such as the Local Area Argumentation System (LAAS). The Stanford LAAS Integrity Monitor Testbed (IMT) is a prototype of a LAAS Ground Facility (LGF) that is composed of various monitors to detect possible hazardous anomalies for LAAS users. The goals of this study are to validate the IMT detection algorithms under various RFI conditions, to evaluate the RFI mask specified by the LAAS MOPS, to explore new algorithms for improved RFI detection, and to improve the system robustness under RFI.
HFMS: Managing the lifecycle and complexity of hybrid analytic data flows (2013)

To remain competitive, enterprises are evolving their business intelligence systems to provide dynamic, near realtime views of business activities. To enable this, they deploy complex workflows of analytic data flows that access multiple storage repositories and execution engines and that span the enterprise and even outside the enterprise. We call these multi-engine flows hybrid flows. Designing and optimizing hybrid flows is a challenging task. Managing a workload of hybrid flows is even more challenging since their execution engines are likely under different administrative domains and there is no single point of control. To address these needs, we present a Hybrid Flow Management System (HFMS). It is an independent software layer over a number of independent execution engines and storage repositories. It simplifies the design of analytic data flows and includes optimization and executor modules to produce optimized executable flows that can run across multiple execution engines. HFMS dispatches flows for execution and monitors their progress. To meet service level objectives for a workload, it may dynamically change a flow's execution plan to avoid processing bottlenecks in the computing infrastructure. We present the architecture of HFMS and describe its components. To demonstrate its potential benefit, we describe performance results for running sample batch workloads with and without HFMS. The ability to monitor multiple execution engines and to dynamically adjust plans enables HFMS to provide better service guarantees and better system utilization.
Case report: Successful allogeneic stem cell transplantation in a child with novel GATA2 defect associated B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (2022)

GATA-binding protein 2 (<i>GATA2</i>) is a transcription factor responsible for the regulation of blood cell proliferation, differentiation, and maintenance in hematopoietic stem cells. Here, we describe successful bone marrow transplantation in a carrier of a novel GATA2 pathogenic variant who was diagnosed with immunodeficiency a few years after completion of B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL) treatment. At the age of 4 years, the patient was diagnosed with and treated for BCP-ALL. Antileukemic therapy was complicated by pulmonary cryptococcosis. Two years after completion of the maintenance therapy, the child was consulted by an immunologist because of recurrent respiratory tract infections and an episode of sepsis. Flow cytometry revealed deep monocytopenia, lymphopenia, absence of B lymphocytes, considerably reduced NK cells, poor thymic T lymphocyte production, minor defects in T cell maturation, and absence of TCRγδ+ T cells. The presence of the likely pathogenic, heterozygous missense variant within exon 5 of <i>GATA2</i> (NM_032638.5: c.1047T>G, Cys349Trp) was identified in the proband and confirmed in the father of the patient, who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) from a matched unrelated donor due to myelodysplastic syndrome with excess blasts at the age of 22 years. An allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with a reduced toxicity conditioning protocol was performed using a matched sibling donor. Pre-transplant conditioning included fludarabine (5 × 30 mg/m2), treosulfan (3 × 14 g/m2), and thiotepa (10 mg/kg). Complete donor chimerism was achieved on post-transplant day 17. During the 12 months of the posttransplant observation period, she remained free from symptoms of acute or chronic graft-versus-host disease, and immunosuppressive treatment was therefore stopped. This is the second reported case of BCP-ALL in a patient with <i>GATA2</i> deficiency, and the first successfully treated with a reduced-toxicity conditioning HSCT protocol. The co-occurrence of lymphoid malignancies and primary immunodeficiencies points to the role of genetic counseling and family screening for possible cancer predisposition syndromes prior to the selection of related HSCT donors.
Cyclone ™: a low-cost, high-performance FPGA. (2003)

This paper describes the Altera Cyclone ™ FPGA, an architecture specifically designed for low-cost, high-volume applications. An optimized routing architecture, simplified I/O structure, and carefully selected features combine to yield a 57 % die size reduction relative to a Stratix ™ device of similar logic density, with a 7 % reduction in performance.
Nanoparticles for “two color” 19F magnetic resonance imaging: Towards combined imaging of biodistribution and degradation (2019)

The use of polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) as therapeutics has been steadily increasing over past decades. In vivo imaging of NPs is necessary to advance the therapeutic performance. <sup>19</sup>F Magnetic Resonance Imaging (<sup>19</sup>F MRI) offers multiple advantages for in vivo imaging. However, design of a probe for both biodistribution and degradation has not been realized yet. We developed polymeric NPs loaded with two fluorocarbons as promising imaging tools to monitor NP biodistribution and degradation by <sup>19</sup>F MRI. These 200 nm NPs consist of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) loaded with perfluoro-15-crown-5 ether (PFCE) and PERFECTA. PERFECTA/PFCE-PLGA NPs have a fractal sphere structure, in which both fluorocarbons are distributed in the polymeric matrix of the fractal building blocks, which differs from PFCE-PLGA NPs and is unique for fluorocarbon-loaded colloids. This structure leads to changes of magnetic resonance properties of both fluorocarbons after hydrolysis of NPs. PERFECTA/PFCE-PLGA NPs are colloidally stable in serum and biocompatible. Both fluorocarbons show a single resonance in <sup>19</sup>F MRI that can be imaged separately using different excitation pulses. In the future, these findings may be used for biodistribution and degradation studies of NPs by <sup>19</sup>F MRI in vivo using "two color" labeling leading to improvement of drug delivery agents.
Inhibition of Inward Rectifier K+ Currents by Angiotensin II in Rat Atrial Myocytes: Lack of Effects in Cells from Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (2006)

We examined the effects of angiotensin II (Ang II) on inward rectifier K+ currents (IK1) in rat atrial myocytes. [125I]Ang II-binding assays revealed the presence of both Ang II type 1 (AT1) and type 2 (AT2) receptors in atrial membrane preparations. Ang II inhibited IK1 in isolated atrial myocytes with an IC50 of 46 nmol/l. This inhibition was abolished by the AT, antagonist RNH6270 but not at all by the AT2 antagonist PD123319. Treatment of cells with pertussis toxin or a synthetic decapeptide corresponding to the carboxyl-terminus of Gialpha-3 abolished the inhibition by Ang II, indicating the role of a Gi-dependent signaling pathway. Accordingly, Ang II failed to inhibit IK1 in the presence of forskolin, dibutyryl-cAMP or protein kinase A catalytic subunits. In spite of the increased binding capacities for [125I]Ang II, Ang II failed to affect IKI in cells from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). AT, immunoprecipitation from atrial extracts revealed decreased amounts of Gialpha-2 and Gialpha-3 proteins associated with this receptor in SHR as compared with controls. The reduced coupling of AT, with Gialpha. proteins may underlie the unresponsiveness of atrial IK1 to Ang II in SHR cells.
In situ Estimation of Coral Recruitment Patterns From Shallow to Mesophotic Reefs Using an Optimized Fluorescence Imaging System (2021)

Coral recruitment represents a key element for coral reef persistence and resilience in the face of environmental disturbances. Studying coral recruitment patterns is fundamental for assessing reef health and implementing appropriate management strategies in an era of climate change. The FluorIS system has been developed to acquire high resolution, wide field-of-view (FOV) in situ images of coral recruits fluorescence and has proven successful in shallow reef environments. However, up to now, its applicability to mesophotic coral ecosystems remains unknown due to the complexity of the system and the limited time available when working at mesophotic depth. In this study we optimized the FluorIS system by utilizing a single infrared-converted camera instead of the bulkier regular dual-camera system, substantially reducing the system complexity and significantly decreasing the acquisition time to an average of 10 s for a set of 3 images. Moreover, the speed-FluorIS system is much more economical, decreasing the cost of the full set-up by roughly 40% compared to the original dual-camera system. We tested the utility of the speed-FluorIS by surveying coral recruits across shallow and mesophotic reefs of the Red Sea (Gulf of Eilat) and Bermuda, two of the most northerly reefs in the world with markedly different substrate and topography, and demonstrate that the modified system enables fast imaging of fluorescence to study coral recruitment patterns over a broader range of depths and reef topographies than previous fluorescence methods. Our single-camera system represents a valuable, non-invasive and rapid underwater tool which will help standardize surveys and long-term monitoring of coral recruits, contributing to our understanding of these vital and delicate early life stages of corals.
Subdiffusive High-Pressure Hydrogen Gas Dynamics in Elastomers (2022)

Elastomeric rubber materials serve a vital role as sealing materials in the hydrogen storage and transport infrastructure. With applications including O-rings and hose liners, these components are exposed to pressurized hydrogen at a range of temperatures, cycling rates, and pressure extremes. High-pressure exposure and subsequent rapid decompression often lead to cavitation and stress-induced damage of the elastomer due to localization of the hydrogen gas. Here, we use all-atom classical molecular dynamics simulations to assess the impact of compositional variations on gas diffusion within the commonly used elastomer ethylene–propylene–diene monomer (EPDM). With the aim to build a predictive understanding of precursors to cavitation and to motivate material formulations that are less sensitive to hydrogen-induced failure, we perform systematic simulations of gas dynamics in EPDM as a function of temperature, gas concentration, and cross-link density. Our simulations reveal anomalous, subdiffusive hydrogen motion at pressure and intermediate times. We identify two groups of gas with different mobilities: one group exhibiting high mobility and one group exhibiting low mobility due to their motion being impeded by the polymer. With decreasing temperatures, the low-mobility group shows increased gas localization, the necessary precursor for cavitation damage in these materials. At lower temperatures, increasing cross-link density led to greater hydrogen gas mobility and a lower fraction of caged hydrogen, indicating that increasing cross-link density may reduce precursors to cavitation. Finally, we use a two-state kinetic model to determine the energetics associated with transitions between these two mobility states.
Serum immunoglobulin G antibody subclass response to respiratory syncytial virus F and G glycoproteins after first, second, and third infections (1989)

Serum samples from 31 children who experienced two or three infections with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in the first four years of life were tested in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to examine the immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclass responses to the RSV F and G surface glycoproteins associated with primary infection and reinfection. We sought to determine whether the greater degree of glycosylation of the G glycoprotein was reflected in an IgG subclass immune response more like that to a polysaccharide antigen than to a protein antigen. We found that the IgG1/IgG2 ratio of postinfection antibody titers to F was fourfold higher than that to the G glycoprotein after RSV infections 1, 2, and 3. The IgG2 response to the heavily glycosylated G glycoprotein differed from that to a polysaccharide antigen in that the IgG1/IgG2 ratio remained constant with age, whereas the response to a polysaccharide antigen decreased as the IgG2 response increased with age. We also noted that antibody responses to both surface glycoproteins in the IgG1 and IgG2 subclasses reached their maximum levels after RSV infection 2.
Preparation of polyacetylene chains in low-polydispersity diblock and triblock copolymers (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of polyacetylene chains in low-polydispersity diblock and triblock copolymersSteven A. Krouse and Richard R. SchrockCite this: Macromolecules 1988, 21, 6, 1885–1888Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00184a064https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00184a064research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views212Altmetric-Citations64LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Database buffer model for the data sharing environment (2002)

A simple analytic buffer model for coupled systems sharing a common database is developed. When a data block gets updated by a system, copies of that block in other systems' buffers need to be invalidated. This cross-invalidation phenomenon makes the estimation of the buffer hit ratio interesting. The concurrency control (CC) scheme can also complicate the situation. Under the optimistic CC protocol, conflicting transactions can get aborted and need to be rerun. Rerun transactions tend to exhibit a higher hit ratio than first-run transactions since reference blocks, except those that were invalidated, are likely to continue to reside in the buffer. On the other hand, the buffer hit ratio affects not only the number of IOs but also the abort probability. The authors develop a buffer model to capture these effects and integrate it with a CC model to estimate the overall transaction response time Since the invalidation rate increases with buffer size, the advantage of a larger buffer size in the data-sharing environment becomes an issue. The model is then used to study this issue and estimates the maximum buffer that can be usefully employed in each system. The analysis is validated through simulations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Using the Background Signal of a Light Scattering Tool for I/I Photo Resist Strip Optimization and Monitoring (2012)

With the continuous decrease of feature size of semiconductor devices new process related challenges must be overcome continuously. One of the key issues for technology development is to have the proper metrology in place to evaluate the myriad process steps fast and accurately. Sometimes the mere existence of a particular metrology is not enough because of cost and throughput issues. The goal of this paper is to show that simply by monitoring the background signal of a light scattering tool, certain process optimizations and monitoring can be done much faster while bringing down the cost significantly. We focus particularly on post I/I strip optimization in this paper.
SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Pregnancy: Clues and Proof of Adverse Outcomes (2023)

Pregnant women positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection are more likely to develop severe obstetric outcomes; their newborns could have a low birth weight and arterial pH. Vertical transmission seems a rare event, and further investigation is strongly needed.