gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Raman-shifted alexandrite laser for soft tissue ablation in the 6- to 7-µm wavelength range (2011)

Prior work with free-electron lasers (FELs) showed that wavelengths in the 6- to 7-µm range could ablate soft tissues efficiently with little collateral damage; however, FELs proved too costly and too complex for widespread surgical use. Several alternative 6- to 7-µm laser systems have demonstrated the ability to cut soft tissues cleanly, but at rates that were much too low for surgical applications. Here, we present initial results with a Raman-shifted, pulsed alexandrite laser that is tunable from 6 to 7 µm and cuts soft tissues cleanly-approximately 15 µm of thermal damage surrounding ablation craters in cornea-and does so with volumetric ablation rates of 2-5 × 10(-3) mm(3)/s. These rates are comparable to those attained in prior successful surgical trials using the FEL for optic nerve sheath fenestration.
Guía para la investigación cualitativa : etnografía, estudios de caso e historia de vida (2016)

Este libro pretende ser una guia didactica que acerque al estudiantado de las diferentes disciplinas de las ciencias sociales y las humanidades al conocimiento, uso y reflexion sobre la investigacion cualitativa, especificamente a partir de tres metodos que comparten una veta analitica centrada en los sujetos sociales y el conocimiento a profundidad de los procesos en que participan: el estudio de caso, la etnografia y la historia de vida. Como tal, no busca participar en un debate epistemologico profundo acerca de la metodologia cualitativa. Lo que se encontrara en este texto es una sintesis de los debates teorico epistemologicos que aportan los enfoques sociocritico, etnografico y feminista al estudio de la sociedad dirigida a estudiantes de licenciatura para comprender los alcances y posibilidades de la investigacion cualitativa en un contexto mundial y regional marcado por el surgimiento y desarrollo de lo que hoy se denominan las politicas de identidad y que reflejan tensiones historicas en los procesos sociales.
Estimation of mean lung attenuation for use in generating PET attenuation maps (2012)

In PET/MR the attenuation map required for PET reconstruction is obtained by segmenting MR images and assigning linear attenuation coefficients (LAC) to the segmented regions. Some tissues such as brain, muscle and fat have relatively uniform attenuation coefficients but the lung attenuation varies within and between patients. The variation in mean lung density was measured in a group of patients and found to correspond to LAC in the range from 0.02cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> to 0.04cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> . The effect of this range of densities was measured on the PET reconstruction and was found to produce a substantial range of PET activities in the lung. It is proposed that a better estimate of lung density could be obtained from measuring the relative size of the lung. The feasibility of this is assessed by correlating lung volume with density in a group of patients.
Experimental implementation of MPPT for PV systems (2016)

Solar panel efficiency is an essential parameter in determining the cost of converting solar energy into electrical energy. This paper addresses a technique for maximizing energy extraction from photovoltaic (PV) solar systems using power electronic circuits to achieve maximum power point tracking. Design and implementation details are presented, illustrating the perturbation and observation algorithm based on DC-DC power converter. Simulations are done in Matlab/Simulink environments, and experimental implementation is conducted in a developed PV testbed. Analysis of the recorded results reveals the potential of the presented techniques in enhancing the efficiency of energy extraction from PV systems.
Step-Index single-mode waveguide design study (1982)

To utilize fully the capabilities of single-mode waveguides, it is necessary to optimize total system loss. In addition to intrinsic fiber loss (Rayleigh scattering and absorption loss), the two main loss components in single-mode waveguide systems are splice and microbend loss. An understanding of the loss dependence upon variations of fiber design is essential for single-mode fiber optimization tor various applications. With this goal in mind, a systematic experimental study of these loss components has been performed over a wide range of key step-index design parameters: core diameter and fractional index difference. This has led to a rational telecommunication design which takes into account not only the effect of external perturbations but also fiber manufacturing variations.
Stimulation of Interleukin-8 Production by Okadaic Acid and Vanadate in a Human Promyelocyte Cell Line, an HL-60 Subline (1997)

Most types of cells can produce interleukin (IL)-8 in response to various inflammatory stimuli. To study the role of protein phosphatases in the signal transduction leading to IL-8 production, a subline of HL-60 (C-15) was treated with okadaic acid (OA) and sodium orthovanadate (VA), inhibitors of phosphoserine/phosphothreonine phosphatase and phosphotyrosine phosphatase, respectively. Both OA and VA dramatically increased IL-8 secretion up to 200-fold in the HL-60 cells. OA and VA stimulation was accompanied by a marked increase in IL-8 mRNA expression and also by activation of a transcription factor, NF-kappaB. In addition, an essential role of the NF-kappaB site in the IL-8 gene activation was confirmed by the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase assay. IL-8 production by OA or VA was inhibited by protein kinase inhibitors, including staurosporine, H-7, K252a, herbimycin A, and genistein. Both OA and VA induced significant tyrosine phosphorylation of p44, which was presumed to be Erk1, a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase family, with concomitant activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase activity. In parallel, rapid degradation of IkappaB-alpha, an inhibitory component of NF-kappaB, was observed. Since OA-activated Erk1 phosphorylated recombinant IkappaB-alpha in vitro, we assumed that Erk1 is involved in the phosphorylation and subsequent degradation of IkappaB-alpha, thus leading to the activation of IL-8 gene transcription.
Percutaneous Valve Interventions: Where We Are and Where We Are Headed William (2006)

Boundaries between the specialties of cardiology and cardiovascular surgery are becoming less distinct, as cardiologists and cardiac surgeons alike strive to decrease invasiveness of procedures and improve patient results. For surgeons, new tools and techniques have allowed innovative, minimally invasive techniques to be performed successfully with smaller incisions and faster recovery. With the introduction of novel catheter technology, aortic valve prostheses can be placed percutaneously or, more recently, transapically without cardiopulmonary bypass. Furthermore, the field of percutaneous mitral valve repair is rapidly expanding with multiple novel off-pump percutaneous devices designed to reduce or eliminate mitral regurgitation, including devices that perform edge-to-edge leaflet repair and percutaneous mitral annuloplasty. The explosive growth of new ideas and new procedures to decrease invasiveness of valve procedures will continue to evolve over the next 5 years, and surgeons must remain nimble to become part of this process.
Effect of folding instruments on silicone intraocular lenses (1994)

The Faulkner holding and folding forceps, the Fine folder, and the Prodigy inserter (PRO-1A) were evaluated to assess their effects on silicone intraocular lenses (IOLS) after the lenses were folded. The IOLs were evaluated before folding and at two and 24 hours after folding for haptic dimension, optic quality, and surface quality. None of the instruments caused a clinically important effect on the IOLs 24 hours after folding. The cross-sectional area required for IOL insertion was calculated for each folder. The Prodigy required the smallest cross-sectional area and the Faulkner the largest when folding a 24 diopter lens. We also describe a protocol that can be used to evaluate new IOL folders.
High-speed hardware algorithm for continuous mode time-of-flight mass spectrometry (2012)

We describe a real-time, high-speed data-acquisition and data-processing system for continuous mode time-of-flight mass spectrometers. To achieve data acquisition rates of 2 × 1.5 giga samples per second (GS/s), needed for the considered class of mass spectrometers, we implement the system as an Fpga-based hardware algorithm. We must solve two most challenging problems: First, the high-speed acquisition produces an enormous amount of data that we handle by on-the-fly data compression/uncompression to circumvent the memory-bandwidth restrictions. Second, the need for continuous acquisition of mass spectra and event-triggering ask for powerful hardware algorithms that allow to measure long signals that are composed of ultra-short signal pulses due to single aerosol- or nano particles.
Fast‐atom bombardment mass spectrometric study of SATE Foscarnet prodrugs and of a series of Foscarnet–AZT conjugates (1997)

The mass spectrometric behaviour of a series of new derivatives of Foscarnet was studied with fast-atom bombardment and collision-induced dissociation experiments in positive- and negative-ion modes. For the compounds esterified with a 2-(S-pivaloyl)thioethyl [tert-butyl)SATE] group a rearrangement of the thioester linkage with expulsion of 60 u dominates the fragmentation pattern. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Discovery and Structure Activity Relationship of Small Molecule Inhibitors of Toxic β-Amyloid-42 Fibril Formation (2012)

Increasing evidence implicates Aβ peptides self-assembly and fibril formation as crucial events in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease. Thus, inhibiting Aβ aggregation, among others, has emerged as a potential therapeutic intervention for this disorder. Herein, we employed 3-aminopyrazole as a key fragment in our design of non-dye compounds capable of interacting with Aβ42 via a donor-acceptor-donor hydrogen bond pattern complementary to that of the β-sheet conformation of Aβ42. The initial design of the compounds was based on connecting two 3-aminopyrazole moieties via a linker to identify suitable scaffold molecules. Additional aryl substitutions on the two 3-aminopyrazole moieties were also explored to enhance π-π stacking/hydrophobic interactions with amino acids of Aβ42. The efficacy of these compounds on inhibiting Aβ fibril formation and toxicity in vitro was assessed using a combination of biophysical techniques and viability assays. Using structure activity relationship data from the in vitro assays, we identified compounds capable of preventing pathological self-assembly of Aβ42 leading to decreased cell toxicity.
Floating point arithmetic and digital filters (1992)

The roundoff noise properties of floating point digital filters are examined. To make the analysis tractable, a high level model to deal with the errors in the inner product operation is developed. This model establishes a broad connection between coefficient sensitivity and roundoff noise. Along with the model, an efficient procedure to keep track of the addition scheme used in the inner product, and to compute the statistics of the errors is introduced. A systematic procedure based on the model is then developed to derive general expressions for the roundoff noise of FIR, direct form IIR, and state-space filters. The expressions in the context of state space filters are explored in some detail. Optimality issues are considered, and it is shown that when double precision accumulation is used, the optimal filters are similar in nature to those derived in the context of fixed point arithmetic with the essential difference that they also do depend on the spectrum of the input signal. Optimality with respect to addition schemes, and second-order filters are also examined in some detail.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Analytical modeling of SRAM dynamic stability (2006)

In this paper, for the first time, a theory for evaluating dynamic noise margins of SRAM cells is developed analytically. The results allow predicting the transient error susceptibility of an SRAM cell using a closed-form expression. The key innovation involves using the methods of nonlinear system theory in developing the model. It is shown that when a transient noise of given magnitude affects a sensitive node of a cell, the bi-stable, feedback-driven nature of the cell determines whether the noise will be suppressed or will evolve to eventually flip state. The specific formal and quantitative result is a closed-form expression that can be used to predict whether a cell flip will occur for a noise signal with specific characteristics, and for a given SRAM cell design. Experiments show excellent match between the analytical prediction and the SPICE simulation results.
Effective Iterative Techniques for (2004)

Fingerprinting is an approach that assigns a unique and invisible ID to each sold instance of the intellectual property (IP). One of the key advantages fingerprinting-based intellectual property protection (IPP) has over watermarking-based IPP is the enabling of tracing stolen hardware or software. Fingerprinting schemes have been widely and effectively used to achieve this goal; however, their application domain has been restricted only to static artifacts, such as image and audio, where distinct copies can be obtained easily. In this paper, we propose the first generic finger- printing technique that can be applied to an arbitrary synthesis (optimization or decision) or compilation problem and, therefore to hardware and software IPs. The key problem with design IP fingerprinting is that there is a need to generate a large number of structurally unique but func- tionally and timing identical designs. To reduce the cost of gener- ating such distinct copies, we apply iterative optimization in an in- cremental fashion to solve a fingerprinted instance. Therefore, we leverage on the optimization effort already spent in obtaining pre- vious solutions, yet we generate a uniquely fingerprinted new solu- tion. This generic approach is the basis for developing specific fin- gerprinting techniques for four important problems in VLSI CAD: partitioning, graph coloring, satisfiability, and standard-cell place- ment. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the new fingerprinting- based IPP techniques on a number of standard benchmarks.
Selective Deprotection of Ethers by Low-Valent Titanium: Facile Cleavage of Propargyl Ethers (1993)

Selective deprotection of propargyl ethers of alcohols and phenols (12 examples) in the presence of allyl, benzyl and methyl ethers by low-valent titanium (TiCl3-Mg-THF) is reported. Ease of cleavage is in the order propargyl > allyl > benzyl.
Key Molecular Contacts Promote Recognition of the BAFF Receptor by TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 3: Implications for Intracellular Signaling Regulation (2004)

B cell-activating factor belonging to the TNF family receptor (BAFF-R), a member of the TNFR superfamily, plays a role in autoimmunity after ligation with BAFF ligand (also called TALL-1, BLyS, THANK, or zTNF4). BAFF/BAFF-R interactions are critical for B cell regulation, and signaling from this ligand-receptor complex results in NF-kappaB activation. Most TNFRs transmit signals intracellularly by recruitment of adaptor proteins called TNFR-associated factors (TRAFs). However, BAFF-R binds only one TRAF adaptor, TRAF3, and this interaction negatively regulates activation of NF-kappaB. In this study, we report the crystal structure of a 24-residue fragment of the cytoplasmic portion of BAFF-R bound in complex with TRAF3. The recognition motif (162)PVPAT(166) in BAFF-R is accommodated in the same binding crevice on TRAF3 that binds two related TNFRs, CD40 and LTbetaR, but is presented in a completely different structural framework. This region of BAFF-R assumes an open conformation with two extended strands opposed at right angles that each make contacts with TRAF3. The recognition motif is located in the N-terminal arm and intermolecular contacts mediate TRAF recognition. In the C-terminal arm, key stabilizing contacts are made, including critical hydrogen bonds with Gln(379) in TRAF3 that define the molecular basis for selective binding of BAFF-R solely to this member of the TRAF family. A dynamic conformational adjustment of Tyr(377) in TRAF3 occurs forming a new intermolecular contact with BAFF-R that stabilizes the complex. The structure of the complex provides a molecular explanation for binding affinities and selective protein interactions in TNFR-TRAF interactions.
Future trends in high‐power bipolar metal‐oxide semi‐conductor controlled power semi‐conductors (2014)

Silicon‐based high‐power devices continue to play an enabling role in modern high‐power systems, especially in the fields of traction, industrial and grid applications. Today, approximately 30 years after its invention, a bipolar‐metal‐oxide semi‐conductor controlled switch referred to as the insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) is the device of choice for the majority of power electronics converters with power ratings ranging from few kWs to beyond the 1 GW mark. Following a brief introduction into power devices and applications in general, this paper will provide an overview of the development history and recent advancements of the IGBT. More importantly the future technology trends purely from the device design view point will be discussed including the predicted performance impact such technology platforms will have at the system level especially in the high‐power range.
Paper-Based Device for the Facile Colorimetric Determination of Lithium Ions in Human Whole Blood (2020)

Lithium carbonate is an effective medicine for the treatment of the bipolar disorder, but the concentration of lithium in the patient's blood must be frequently monitored because of its toxicity. To date, no colorimetric methods of lithium ion detection in whole blood without pretreatment have been reported. Here, we report a colorimetric paper-based device that allows point-of-care testing in one step. This device is composed of two paper-based elements linked to each other: a blood cell separation unit and a colorimetric detection unit. After a portion of whole blood has been placed on the end of the separation unit, plasma in the sample is automatically transported to the detection unit, which displays a diagnostic color. The key feature of this device is its simple, user-friendly operation. The limit of detection is 0.054 mM and the coefficient of variance is below 6.1%, which are comparable to those of conventional instruments using the same colorimetric reaction. Furthermore, we achieved high recovery (>90%) and reproducibility (<9.8%) with spiked human blood samples. Thus, the presented device provides an alternative method for the regular monitoring of lithium concentrations in the treatment of bipolar disorder by augmenting the coefficient of variation (maximum value, 6.1%).
Influence of collagen source on fibrillar architecture and properties of vitrified collagen membranes (2015)

Collagen vitrigel membranes are transparent biomaterials characterized by a densely organized, fibrillar nanostructure that show promise in the treatment of corneal injury and disease. In this study, the influence of different type I collagen sources and processing techniques, including acid-solubilized collagen from bovine dermis (Bov), pepsin-solubilized collagen from human fibroblast cell culture (HuCC), and ficin-solubilized collagen from recombinant human collagen expressed in tobacco leaves (rH), on the properties of the vitrigel membranes was evaluated. Postvitrification carbodiimide crosslinking (CX) was also carried out on the vitrigels from each collagen source, forming crosslinked counterparts BovXL, HuCCXL, and rHXL, respectively. Collagen membrane ultrastructure and biomaterial properties were found to rely heavily on both collagen source and crosslinking. Bov and HuCC samples showed a random fibrillar organization of collagen, whereas rH vitrigels showed remarkable regional fibril alignment. After CX, light transmission was enhanced in all groups. Denaturation temperatures after CX increased in all membranes, of which the highest increase was seen in rH (14.71°C), suggesting improved thermal stability of the collagen fibrils in the membranes. Noncrosslinked rH vitrigels may be reinforced through CX to reach levels of mechanical strength and thermal stability comparable to Bov.
Synchronously Loaded Optical Packet Buffer (2008)

Synchronous optical packet buffering is demonstrated utilizing a fiber-based synchronizer with a photonic integrated circuit packet buffer. Asynchronously arriving packets are optically synchronized to a local frame clock and loaded synchronously into the optical buffer. The synchronizer is a four-stage design with a resolution of 853 ps and a dynamic tuning range of 12.8 ns. The optical packet buffer consists of an integrated 2 × 2 InP switch coupled to a silica-on-silicon 12.8-ns delay line. Packet recovery measurements of 40-B return-to-zero packets at 40 Gb/s show-error free performance for several combinations of synchronizer and buffer delays.
Carboxydocella sporoproducens sp. nov., a novel anaerobic CO-utilizing/H2-producing thermophilic bacterium from a Kamchatka hot spring (2006)

A novel anaerobic, thermophilic, CO-utilizing bacterium, strain KarT, was isolated from a hot spring of Karymskoe Lake, Kamchatka Peninsula. The cells of the novel isolate were Gram-positive, spore-forming, short rods. The bacterium grew chemolithoautotrophically on CO, producing equimolar quantities of H2 and CO2 (according to the equation CO + H2O --> CO2 + H2), and in the absence of CO, under N2 in the gas phase, chemoorganoheterotrophically with yeast extract, sucrose or pyruvate. Growth was observed in the temperature range 50-70 degrees C, with an optimum at 60 degrees C, and in the pH range 6.2-8.0, with an optimum at pH 6.8. The micro-organism did not grow on solid media; it was able to grow only in semi-solid medium containing 0.5 % agar. The generation time under optimal conditions for chemolithoautotrophic growth was 1 h. The G+C content of the DNA was 46.5+/-1 mol%. Growth was completely inhibited by penicillin, novobiocin, streptomycin, kanamycin and neomycin. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that the isolate should be assigned to the genus Carboxydocella. On the basis of the results of DNA-DNA hybridization and morphological and physiological analyses, strain KarT represents a novel species of the genus Carboxydocella, for which the name Carboxydocella sporoproducens sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KarT (=DSM 16521T = VKM B-2358T).
ChemInform Abstract: Structure‐Based Design of Inhibitors of Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase. Part 4. A Study of Phosphate Mimics. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.