gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Examination of Neutrophil Function in a Rat Model of Decreased Host Resistance Following Burn Trauma (1983)

The high incidence of serious opportunistic infection following human burn injury has been well documented. Investigations of the mechanisms of this acquired susceptibility have demonstrated several defects in phagocytic defenses. An established rat burn infection model was modified for study of neutrophil function in animals with a 60% burn injury. These 350-g rats received a 35-ml saline resuscitation, and when not further stressed, 80% of the animals survived to healing. Burned animals were found to have decreased inflammatory responses to intraperitoneal injections of heat-killed Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and sterile sodium caseinate. These reductions could not be explained by neutropenia. Prior immunization with heat-killed Pseudomonas did not improve the inflammatory response to homologous organisms injected intraperitoneally, but levamisole treatment did improve the inflammatory response. Epinephrine injection (intravenous) showed that burned animals have a markedly reduced proportion of marginated neutrophils but an increase in total peripheral neutrophil counts. The stress hormones corticosterone and catecholamines were elevated during times of decreased inflammatory responsiveness; additionally, neutrophils from burned animals had decreased adherence to nylon fiber. Serum from burned animals decreased in vitro adherence and chemotaxis of purified normal rat neutrophils.
Noisy input/output system identification using cumulants and the Steiglitz-McBride algorithm (1996)

We consider the problem of identifying a linear, time-invariant system from its noisy input/output data. The input and output are assumed to be non-Gaussian, while the input and output noises are assumed to be mutually correlated, colored, and Gaussian. Using third-order cross- and auto-cumulants, we extend the well-known Steiglitz-McBride (1965) identification method to cumulant domains, and show that it is consistent under a certain "third-order" persistency of excitation condition. By comparison, the Steiglitz-McBride method is not consistent when either input noise is present or when the output noise is colored. For an empirical assessment, we provide simulations that demonstrate the proposed method's usefulness.
Robust passive hardware metering (2011)

Current hardware metering techniques, which use manifestational properties of gates for ID extraction, are weakened by the non-uniform effects of aging in conjunction with variations in temperature and supply voltage. As an integrated circuit (IC) ages, the manifestational properties of the gates change, and thus the ID used for hardware metering can not be valid over time. Additionally, the previous approaches require large amounts of costly measurements and often are difficult to scale to large designs. We resolve the deleterious effects of aging by going to the physical level and primarily targeting the characterization of threshold voltage. Although threshold voltage is modified with aging, we can recover its original value for use as the IC identifier. Another key aspect of our approach involves using IC segmentation for gate-level characterization. This results in a cost effective approach by limiting measurements, and has a significant effect on the approach scalability. Finally, by using threshold voltage for ID creation, we are able to quantify the probability of coincidence between legitimate and pirated ICs, thus for the first time quantitatively and accurately demonstrating the effectiveness of a hardware metering approach.
Developing Film Flow on an Inclined Plane With a Critical Point (2001)

Viscous, laminar, gravitationally-driven flow of a thin film on an inclined plane is analyzed for moderate Reynolds number under critical conditions. A previous analysis of film flow utilized a momentum integral approach with a semiparabolic velocity profile to obtain an ordinary differential equation for the film thickness for flow over a round-crested weir, and the singularity associated with the critical point for a subcritical-to-supercritical transition was removable. For developing flow on a plane with a supercritical-to-subcritical transition, however, the same approach leads to a nonremovable singularity. To eliminate the singularity, the film equations are modified for a velocity profile of changing shape. The resulting predictions compare favorably with those from the two-dimensional boundary-layer equation obtained by finite differences and with those from the Navier-Stokes equation obtained by finite elements.
Characterization of neutral and acidic glycosphingolipids from the lectin-producing mushroom, Polyporus squamosus (2007)

The polypore mushroom Polyporus squamosus is the source of a lectin that exhibits a general affinity for terminal beta-galactosides, but appears to have an extended carbohydrate-binding site with high affinity and strict specificity for the nonreducing terminal trisaccharide sequence NeuAcalpha2 --> 6Galbeta1 --> 4Glc/GlcNAc. In considering the possibility that the lectin's in vivo function could involve interaction with an endogenous glycoconjugate, it would clearly be helpful to identify candidate ligands among various classes of carbohydrate-containing materials expressed by P. squamosus. Since evidence has been accumulating that glycosphingolipids (GSLs) may serve as key ligands for some endogenous lectins in animal species, possible similar roles for fungal GSLs could be considered. For this study, total lipids were extracted from mature fruiting body of P. squamosus. Multistep fractionation yielded a major monohexosylceramide (CMH) component and three major glycosylinositol phosphorylceramides (GIPCs) from the neutral and acidic lipids, respectively. These were characterized by a variety of techniques as required, including one- and two-dimensional (1)H- and (13)C-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy; electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS, tandem-MS/collision-induced decay-MS, and ion trap-MS(n)); and component and methylation linkage analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The CMH was determined to be glucosylceramide having a typical ceramide consisting of 2-hydroxy fatty-N-acylated (4E,8E)-9-methyl-sphinga-4,8-dienine. The GIPCs were identified as Manalpha1 --> 2Ins1-P-1Cer (Ps-1), Galbeta1 --> 6Manalpha1 --> 2Ins1-P-1Cer (Ps-2), and Manalpha1 --> 3Fucalpha1 --> 2Galalpha1 --> 6Galbeta1 --> 6Manalpha1 -->2Ins1-P-1Cer (Ps-5), respectively (where Ins = myo-inositol, P = phosphodiester, and Cer = ceramide consisting mainly of long-chain 2-hydroxy and 2,3-dihydroxy fatty-N-acylated 4-hydroxy-sphinganines). Of these GSLs, Ps-2 could potentially interact with P. squamosus lectin, and further investigations will focus on determining the binding affinity, if any, of the lectin for the GIPCs isolated from this fungus.
Partially coherent detection in rapidly time varying channels (2006)

We investigate the performance degradation of basic modulation schemes in a rapidly time varying channel using a first order auto regressive channel model. We propose a partially coherent detector for both noncoherent frequency shift keying (FSK) and differential phase shift keying (PSK) that exploits partial channel knowledge to enable the receiver to operate effectively in both fast and slow fading. The maximum likelihood rule (ML) obtained for the partially coherent FSK turns out to be a linear combination of coherent and noncoherent detection rule. Results demonstrate that significant performance improvement can be achieved over the best of coherent and noncoherent FSK detection in fast fading. We also propose a few adaptive schemes that vary the modulation scheme in response to degrading quality of the channel estimate between successive training symbols
High-resolution measurement of the free spectral range of an etalon (2002)

High-resolution measurement of the free spectral range (FSR) for an etalon is becoming more important as greater amounts of information are multiplexed through a single fiber. A method to test the FSR of etalons or etalon based optical components used at telecommunication frequencies is discussed. Slope at a specific point of the etalon response curve is utilized as a means measurement of FSR. The theory that describes how slope, varying as a function of differing etalon signal peaks, can be utilized for the measurement of FSR is developed. This technique has been shown to measure FSR with a resolution of approximately one part in 2000.
Rockwell Automation's Holonic and Multiagent Control Systems Compendium (2010)

This paper provides a comprehensive overview of long-term R&D activities of the Rockwell Automation (RA) company in the field of holonic and agent-based manufacturing control systems. It presents a coherent framework of methodologies for designing agent-based control systems, tools that support implementation and validation of them, and agent applications that were developed for various industrial systems. The common attribute is the integration of novel techniques, such as multiagent systems or semantics with the current “old-fashioned” automation architectures represented mainly by programmable logic controllers. Retaining the ability of the control system to meet the strict real-time constraints and concurrently raise its intelligence has always been of highest importance. The paper does not focus merely on RA's work, but discusses all its aspects in a context of other existing works in this area.
Solid Waste Engineering (2001)

1. Integrated Solid-Waste Management. Historical Background. Materials Flow. Legislation and Regulations. The Need for Integrated Solid-Waste Management. Life Cycle Assessment. Special Problems (white goods, construction rubble, tires, household hazardous waste, paint and batteries). The European Experience. 2. Solid-Waste Characteristics and Quantities. Definitions. Solid-Waste Generation. Solid-Waste Composition. Estimating Refuse. Quantities and Composition. Characteristics of Refuse. Potential for Reclamation of Useful Materials and Energy from Solid-Waste. Obstacles to Recovery of Materials and Energy from Refuse. 3. Collection of Municipal Solid-Waste. Solid-Waste Collection Systems. Effectiveness of Solid-Waste Collection. Collection of Source-Separated Materials. Alternative Collection Strategies. Transfer Stations. Litter and Street Cleanliness. 4. Landfills. Planning, Siting, and Permitting of Landfills. Design of Landfills. Processes within a Landfill. Controlling Leachate and Gas. Operation of Landfills. Monitoring of Landfills. Closure of Landfills. Use of Old Landfill Sites. Landfill Mining. Hazardous Substances. 5. Processing of Mixed and Partially Separated Solid-Waste. Refuse Physical Characteristics. Storing. Conveying. Compacting. Shredding. Pulping. Roll Crushing. Plastic Granulating. 6. Materials Separation. General Expressions for Materials Separation. Picking (hand sorting). Screens. Air Classifiers. Jigs. Stoners. Sink/Float Separators. Inclined Tables. Shaking Tables. Flotation. Color Sorting. Magnets. Eddy Current Separators. Electrostatic Separators. Materials Recovery Systems. 7. Combustion and Energy Recovery. Heat Value of Refuse. Energy Production from MSW. Materials and Thermal Balances. Combustion Hardware Used for MSW. Waste Heat Recovery. Pyrolysis. Undesirable Effects of Combustion. 8. Biochemical Processes. Methane Generation by Anaerobic Digestion. Methane Generation from Landfills. Composting. Other Biochemical Processes. 9. Current Solid-Waste Issues. Flow Control. Public or Private Ownership and Operation. Procurement Issues. Financing Solid-Waste Facilities. The Role of the Solid-Waste Engineer.
Extensive Expression Analysis of Htt Transcripts in Brain Regions from the zQ175 HD Mouse Model Using a QuantiGene Multiplex Assay (2019)

Huntington's disease (HD) is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder caused by a CAG repeat expansion within exon 1 of the huntingtin (HTT) gene. HTT mRNA contains 67 exons and does not always splice between exon 1 and exon 2 leading to the production of a small polyadenylated HTTexon1 transcript, and the full-length HTT mRNA has three 3'UTR isoforms. We have developed a QuantiGene multiplex panel for the simultaneous detection of all of these mouse Htt transcripts directly from tissue lysates and demonstrate that this can replace the more work-intensive Taqman qPCR assays. We have applied this to the analysis of brain regions from the zQ175 HD mouse model and wild type littermates at two months of age. We show that the incomplete splicing of Htt occurs throughout the brain and confirm that this originates from the mutant and not endogenous Htt allele. Given that HTTexon1 encodes the highly pathogenic exon 1 HTT protein, it is essential that the levels of all Htt transcripts can be monitored when evaluating HTT lowering approaches. Our QuantiGene panel will allow the rapid comparative assessment of all Htt transcripts in cell lysates and mouse tissues without the need to first extract RNA.
Comparison of Cognitive Function in Deaf Children Between Before and After Cochlear Implant (2007)

At the 6-mo follow-up after cochlear implant, deaf children showed marked improvement in nonverbal cognitive functions and working memory. Conversely, their verbal abilities did not significantly change. Maternal factors were found to be important for predicting the prognosis of cochlear implantation. The absence of a control group precludes the possibility of drawing any firm conclusions because the effect of the implant cannot be teased apart from the effects of maturation and training. Future studies should address this question with the use of appropriate control groups.
Real-time texton substitution for super resolution (2005)

In this paper, texton substitution is implemented by graphics hardware to achieve super resolution of a video stream in realtime processing. The texton substitution method was proposed previously and evaluated for the super resolution of still images, and the textons were defined in wavelet space. In this paper, the wavelet transformation was accelerated by the graphics hardware [Hopf et al. 2001]], followed by two-dimensional filtering of three layers to produce a 10-dimensional vector of the texture at each pixel. The obtained textons were classified into a cluster based on the tree-based clustering technique by the graphics hardware using the pixel shader. This system was applied to the video stream of a face, and the experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed system.
A Method for Determining the Reference Effective Flow Areas for Mechanical Heart Valve Prostheses (2000)

This study further clarifies flow dynamics through bileaflet mechanical valves and provides previously unavailable reference information on VCAs for these valves. Such information should aid clinicians in explaining Doppler-derived and catheter-measured pressure discrepancies, validating clinical techniques for quantifying effective flow areas, and optimizing valve size for implantation. The method should also be useful for comparative studies of different valve designs.
Parkinson’s disease genetics: identifying novel risk loci, providing causal insights and improving estimates of heritable risk (2018)

We performed the largest genetic study of Parkinson9s disease to date, involving analysis of 11.4M SNPs in 37.7K cases, 18.6K 9proxy-cases9 and 1.4M controls, discovering 39 novel risk loci. In total, we identified 92 putative independent genome-wide significant signals including 53 at previously published loci. Next, we dissected risk within these loci, identifying 22 candidate independent risk variants in close proximity to one another representing multiple risk signals in one locus (20 variants proximal to known risk loci). We then employed tests of causality within a Mendelian randomization framework to infer functional genomic consequences for genes within loci of interest in concert with protein-centric network analyses to nominate likely candidates for follow-up investigation. This report also shows expression network signatures of PD loci to be heavily brain enriched and different in comparison to Alzheimer9s disease. We also used risk scoring methods to improve genetic predictions of disease risk, and show that GWAS signals explain 11-15% of the heritable risk of PD at thresholds below genome-wide significance. Additionally, these data also suggest genetic correlations relating to risk overlapping with brain morphology, smoking status and educational attainment. Further analyses of smoking initiation and cognitive performance relating to PD risk in more comprehensive datasets show complex etiological links between PD risk and these traits. These data in sum provide the most comprehensive understanding of the genetic architecture of PD to date, revealing a large number of additional loci, and demonstrating that there remains a considerable genetic component of this disease that has not yet been discovered.
Regenerating titanium ventricular assist device surfaces after gold/palladium coating for scanning electron microscopy (2009)

Titanium is one of the most commonly used materials for implantable devices in humans. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) serves as an important tool for imaging titanium surfaces and analyzing cells and other organic matter adhering to titanium implants. However, high-vacuum SEM imaging of a nonconductive sample requires a conductive coating on the surface. A gold/palladium coating is commonly used and to date no method has been described to "clean" such gold/palladium covered surfaces for repeated experiments without etching the titanium itself. This constitutes a major problem with titanium-based implantable devices which are very expensive and thus in short supply. Our objective was to devise a protocol to regenerate titaniumsurfaces after SEM analysis. In a series of experiments, titanium samples from implantable cardiac assist devices were coated with fibronectin, seeded with cells and then coated with gold/palladium for SEM analysis. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra were obtained before and after five different cleaning protocols. Treatment with aqua regia (a 1:3 solution of concentrated nitric and hydrochloric acid), with or without ozonolysis, followed by sonication in soap solution and sonication in deionized water, allowed regenerating titanium surfaces to their original state. Atomic force microscopy confirmed that the established protocol did not alter the titanium microstructure. The protocol described herein is applicable to almost all titanium surfaces used in biomedical sciences and because of its short exposure time to aqua regia, will likely work for many titanium alloys as well.
Random forests versus Neural Networks — What's best for camera localization? (2017)

This work addresses the task of camera localization in a known 3D scene given a single input RGB image. State-of-the-art approaches accomplish this in two steps: firstly, regressing for every pixel in the image its 3D scene coordinate and subsequently, using these coordinates to estimate the final 6D camera pose via RANSAC. To solve the first step. Random Forests (RFs) are typically used. On the other hand. Neural Networks (NNs) reign in many dense regression tasks, but are not test-time efficient. We ask the question: which of the two is best for camera localization? To address this, we make two method contributions: (1) a test-time efficient NN architecture which we term a ForestNet that is derived and initialized from a RF, and (2) a new fully-differentiable robust averaging technique for regression ensembles which can be trained end-to-end with a NN. Our experimental findings show that for scene coordinate regression, traditional NN architectures are superior to test-time efficient RFs and ForestNets, however, this does not translate to final 6D camera pose accuracy where RFs and ForestNets perform slightly better. To summarize, our best method, a ForestNet with a robust average, which has an equivalent fast and lightweight RF, improves over the state-of-the-art for camera localization on the 7-Scenes dataset [1]. While this work focuses on scene coordinate regression for camera localization, our innovations may also be applied to other continuous regression tasks.
Bionic Baroreceptor Corrects Postural Hypotension in Rats With Impaired Baroreceptor (2012)

The BBR restores the pressure buffering function. Although this research demonstrated feasibility of the BBR, further research is needed to verify its long-term effect and safety in larger animal models and humans.
Carboxylate Directed Cross-Coupling Reactions in the Synthesis of Trisubstituted Benzoic Acids (2008)

The carboxylate anion has been used as a directing group to effect selective ortho-substituted derivatives 3 (>99:1 selectivity 50-80% yield). The solvent, base, and equivalents of base are the determining factors for the success of this reaction. The directing effect can be reversed by the appropriate use of phosphine ligands to prepare the para-substituted 4 selectively (ca. 12:1 selectivity).
Electric field induced changes in the coercivity of a thin-film ferromagnet (2011)

Data are presented which indicate a modification of magnetic anisotropy in the MgO/CoFeB/Pd and MgO/CoFeB/Pt systems, using electric fields of order 500 MV m −1 (0.5 V nm −1 ) applied across a thermally grown SiO 2 as a gate dielectric. The effect is most prominent at low temperature (12 K) and is manifested as a small change in coercivity. The sign of the effect depends on the choice of both capping layer and annealing temperature. The results suggest that both interfaces play a role in the appearance of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in these thin-film stacks, and not just the interface with MgO.
Performance evaluation of a network coding scheme for interference channels with LTE codes (2012)

In this paper we consider a recently proposed quantise-forward network coding strategy, whereby a relay is used to help resolve the interference caused by independently transmitting source nodes. The relay listens to the interfering signals and performs a course lattice-based quantisation of the observations without decoding the information messages. The quantised observations are forwarded to the destination nodes on an interference-free channel and help the receivers improve the decoding process. We generalise the optimisation of the nested lattice construction to any number of quantisation bits and evaluate the strategy on the turbo codes used in the 3GPP long term evolution (LTE) to assess the viability of the strategy in LTE-based small cell deployments.
Planar Monopole UWB Antenna Loaded with SRRs and ESSRR for Triple Band-Notch Functions (2016)

A triple band-notched ultrawideband (UWB) trapezoidal shape microstrip-fed patch antenna on FR4 substrate is proposed. Notch stop bands are achieved around the WLAN (5.15-5.25 GHz), WiMAX (3.3-3.8GHz) and X-band (7.9-8.4 GHz) by etching one elliptic single split-ring resonator (ESSRR) from radiating patch and by placing two squaresingle split-ring resonators(SSSRRs) of different dimensions near feedline, respectively. Results are experimentally demonstrated over the UWB operation.