gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Early Assessment of Penile Curvatures in Infants (1991)

A noninvasive office procedure was developed for evaluation of penile curvatures in infants, in whom photography of this erectile deformity at home is difficult. By applying negative pressure with 2, 60 ml. syringes, penile engorgement and rigidity that mimic a natural erection could be achieved in 16 infants.
Active Site Structure of Cu/ZSM-5:  Computational Study (1997)

The coordination structures of Cu ionic species in ZSM-5 zeolite were investigated by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and molecular orbital (MO) calculations. Al sites were first sought so as to reproduce the square-planar coordination of Cu(II), which is well characterized by the ESR spectra. When two Al's occupy T8 sites in the six-membered ring, the calculated coordination of Cu(II) agreed well with the experimental data. For this Al siting, Cu(II)−O−Cu(II) and two Cu(I)'s were respectively simulated, and the coordination of the former species was found to be consistent with the EXAFS results. Furthermore, from the MO calculation Cu−O−Cu was anticipated to be very reactive and thus might be the active site. The function of zeolite would therefore be the stabilization of this species. On the other hand, Cu dimer was found unstable, and the reaction mechanism based on it was supposed unlikely.
Microstructural characterization of autogenous laser welds on 316L stainless steel using EBSD and EDS (2005)

This research is concerned with autogenous welding of 316L stainless steel and the microstructure generated by such a process. Autogenous welding does not require a filler material and in this case relies on an initial shallow melt phase to maintain a conduction limited weld. Essentially, a high power laser beam traverses the substrate, with the beam shaped by conventional optics, which produces a Gaussian irradiance distribution; or with a diffractive optical element, used to produce a uniform irradiance distribution. Initial results have shown that due to the nature of the heating cycle, complex microstructures are developed. These fine, complicated microstructures cannot be satisfactorily resolved and quantified using standard optical microscopy techniques. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) have been carried out on a number of different microstructures prepared using a range of welding parameters. It is demonstrated that the simultaneous determination of the chemistry and crystallography is a very useful tool for rapid identification of the different phases formed on solidification as a consequence of varying welding procedures.
Engineering process evaluation: Evaluation of the impact of internationalisation decisions on the efficiency and quality of engineering processes (2013)

Engineering and installation processes are one cost driver within the life cycle of a technical system. Especially within international projects crossing country borders, the cost distribution and the cost allocation are challenges for the success of the technical system. The engineers usually responsible for the decisions where and by whom an engineering activity has to be executed within the engineering process are usually not able to execute a highly detailed decision and management process as proposed by workflow management systems. Thus, an easier useable approach following the knowledge of these engineers is required. Within this paper such an approach is described combining different modelling and analysis approaches in a new way resulting in an easy way for resource allocation decisions in engineering processes.
MIMO spatial multiplexing systems with limited feedback (2005)

This paper investigates the problem of transmit beamforming in MIMO spatial multiplexing (SM) systems with a finite-rate feedback channel. Assuming a fixed number of spatial channels and equal power allocation, we propose a new design criterion for designing the codebook of beamforming matrices that is based on minimizing the capacity loss resulting from the limited rate in the feedback channel. Using the criterion, we develop an iterative design algorithm that converges to an optimum codebook. Under the i.i.d, channel and high SNR assumption, the effect on channel capacity of the finite-bit representation of beamforming matrix is analyzed. Central to this analysis is the complex multivariate beta distribution and tractable approximations to the Voronoi regions associated with the code points. Furthermore, to compensate for the degradation due to the equal power allocation assumption, we propose a multi-mode SM transmission strategy wherein the number of data streams is determined based on the average SNR. This approach is shown to allow for effective utilization of the feedback bits.
A Conjugate Composed of Nerve Growth Factor Coupled to a Non-toxic Derivative ofClostridium botulinumNeurotoxin Type A can Inhibit Neurotransmitter Releasein Vitro (2000)

Nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor binding, internalisation and transportation of NGF has been identified as a potential route of delivery for other molecules. A derivative of Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin type A (LHN) that retains catalytic activity but has significantly reduced cell-binding capability has been prepared and chemically coupled to NGF. Intact clostridial neurotoxins potently inhibit neurotransmitter release at the neuromuscular junction by proteolysis of specific components of the vesicle docking/fusion complex. Here we report that the NGF-LHN/A conjugate, when applied to PC12 cells, significantly inhibited neurotransmitter release and cleaved the type A toxin substrate. This work represents the successful use of NGF as a targeting moiety for the delivery of a neurotoxin fragment.
Seroprevalence of Yellow fever, Chikungunya, and Zika virus at a community level in the Gambella Region, South West Ethiopia (2021)

Yellow fever (YF), Chikungunya (CHIK), and Zika(ZIK) are among re-emerging arboviral diseases of major public health concern. Despite the proximity of the Gambella Region to South Sudan where arboviral cases have been recorded repeatedly the current epidemiological situation is unclear in this part of southwest Ethiopia. Therefore, we conducted a community-based seroprevalence survey of YF virus (YFV), CHIK virus (CHIKV), and ZIK virus (ZIKV) infections in two selected districts. A cross-sectional study was conducted in two locations of the Gambella region (Lare and Itang) to investigate the seroprevalence of these viruses' infections. Blood samples were collected from the study participants and screened for IgG antibodies specific to YFV and CHIKV infections using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). For the detection of ZIKV specific IgG antibodies, Blockade-of-binding ELISA was used. Data were analyzed using the STATA version 13.1 Softwares. A total of 150 individuals (96 males and 54 females, age ranging from 18 to 65 years, mean age ± SD = 35.92 ± 10.99) participated and provided blood samples. Among the 150 samples 135, 90, and 150 were screened for YFV, CHIKV, and ZIKV, respectively. Hence, 2.9% (95% CI: 1.1-7.7%), 15.6% (95% CI: 9.3-24.8%), and 27.3% (95% CI: 20.7-35.3%) of samples tested positive for IgG antibodies to YFV, CHIKV, and ZIKV infections, respectively. Among the individual seropositive for ZIKV, YFV and CHIKV, only six, one and three had a history of residence outside the Gambella region respectively. Agro-pastoral occupation was significantly associated with a higher prevalence of IgG against CHIKV (AOR = 14.17; 95%CI: 2.30, 87.30) and residency in the Lare district (AOR = 11; 95%CI: 3.31, 39.81) was found to be significantly associated with a higher prevalence of IgG against ZIKV. Our findings revealed the occurrence of YFV, CHIKV and ZIKV infections in the study locations.
Novel Light Source Integration Approaches for Silicon Photonics (2017)

Silicon does not emit light efficiently, therefore the integration of other light‐emitting materials is highly demanded for silicon photonic integrated circuits. A number of integration approaches have been extensively explored in the past decade. Here, the most recent progress in this field is reviewed, covering the integration approaches of III‐V‐to‐silicon bonding, transfer printing, epitaxial growth and the use of colloidal quantum dots. The basic approaches to create waveguide‐coupled on‐chip light sources for different application scenarios are discussed, both for silicon and silicon nitride based waveguides. A selection of recent representative device demonstrations is presented, including high speed DFB lasers, ultra‐dense comb lasers, short (850nm) and long (2.3μm) wavelength lasers, wide‐band LEDs, monolithic O‐band lasers and micro‐disk lasers operating in the visible. The challenges and opportunities of these approaches are discussed.
Rugged spinel optics for space based imaging systems (2016)

Space environment is very harsh for optical systems. Currently available optical materials for space applications are susceptible to surface and bulk damage due to high-speed impacts from dust and debris found in the space environment. Impacts lead to surface pitting and fracturing that may compromise structural integrity and degrade the optical performance of imaging systems. We are developing polycrystalline spinel as a rugged optics material. With its 3x hardness and 5x strength, as compared to BK7 glass, spinel is a very promising optical material for space imaging applications. Spinel’s broad transmission from 160 nm to 5000 nm will also enable multispectral imaging from ultraviolet to midwave infrared.
The Promise of Prediction Markets (2008)

The ability of groups of people to make predictions is a potent research tool that should be freed of unnecessary government restrictions.
Dynamically reassigning a connected node to a block of compute nodes for re-launching a failed job (2023)

Methods, systems, and products for dynamically reassigning a connected node to a block of compute nodes for re-launching a failed job that include: identifying that a job failed to execute on the block of compute nodes because connectivity failed between a compute node assigned as at least one of the connected nodes for the block of compute nodes and its supporting I/O node; and re-launching the job, including selecting an alternative connected node that is actively coupled for data communications with an active I/O node; and assigning the alternative connected node as the connected node for the block of compute nodes running the re-launched job.
Physical Channel Structures and Cell Search Method for Scalable Bandwidth for OFDM Radio Access in Evolved UTRA Downlink (2007)

This paper proposes physical channel structures and a cell search method for OFDM based radio access in the evolved UTRA (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access) downlink, which supports multiple scalable transmission bandwidths from 1.25 to 20 MHz, in the proposed physical channel structures, the central sub-carrier of the OFDM signal is located on the frequency satisfying the 200-kHz raster condition regardless of the transmission bandwidth of the cell site. Moreover, the synchronization channel (SCH) and broadcast channel (BCH), which are necessary for cell search, are transmitted from the central part of the entire transmission spectrum with a fixed bandwidth. In the proposed cell search method, a user equipment (UE) acquires the target cell in the cell search process in the initial or connected mode employing the SCH and possibly the reference signal, which are transmitted from the central part of the given transmission bandwidth. Alter detecting the target cell, the UE decodes the common control information through the BCH, which is transmitted at the same frequency as the SCH, and identifies the transmission bandwidth of the cell to be connected. Computer simulations show the fast cell search time performance using the proposed SCH structure and the cell search method.
<b>HUMAN PLASMA PRORENIN: IMMUNOCHEMICAL INCONSISTENCY WITH THE RENAL </b><b>PRORENIN </b> (1996)

Human plasma prorenin and renin were studied qualitatively and quantitatively by two radioimmunoassays specific for human renal prorenin and for human renal prorenin/renin combined with gel chromatography. It was confirmed using the prorenin-specific radioimmunoassay that human plasma from normal subjects contained consistently two proreninrelated components (PR-IR) with molecular masses of 60,000 and 48,000 Da in fairly constant molar ratios (1 :0.38 1" 0.05, mean i SE, n = 6). Neither of the two PR-IR showed immunoreactivity in the proreninjrenin-specific radioimmunoassay (PR/R-IR). No other peaks of PR/R-IR were detected in any plasma examined. The 48,000 Da component in normal plasma (0.70 i 0.15 pmol/ml, mean i SE, n = 6) was significantly raised in plasma from patients with renal transplantation receiving cyclosporine A (CsA) (2.20 t 0.31 pmol/ml, n = 12; P < 0.001) or tacrolimus (2.01 1" 0.17 pmol/ml, n = 7; P < 0.001) and in plasma from patients with Behcet's disease receiving CsA (1.85 i 0.27 pmol/ml, n I 4; P < 0.01). Even the elevated 48,000 Da PR-IR component in these patients' plasma showed no PR/R-IR. The 60,000 Da component and plasma renin activity did not change significantly in the patients' plasma. The present study provided evidence for non-existence or extremely lower levels, if any, in human plasma of molecules equivalent to human renal prorenin and/or renin. It has already been reported that CsA or azathioprine therapy caused a significant elevation of plasma prorenin. The present results appear to give an additional support to our proposal that the 48,000 Da PR-IR component may represent human plasma prorenin, which exists in a carboxy-terminal truncated or modified form of human renal prorenin.
Good Manufacturing Practices Facilities for Cellular Therapy (2018)

Translation of cell-based immunotherapeutics from the bench to clinical trials can be daunting. In particular, production of high-quality, clinical-grade cells under current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMPs) presents several logistical and technical challenges. Each step in the process requires adherence to strict guidelines to ensure a safe and efficacious product. Laboratory directors must decide how best to adapt research methods, create standard operating procedures, and incorporate newly developed instrumentation for efficient cGMP manufacturing. As laboratories adopt to new technologies informed by scientific advances, so should the regulatory framework evolve to consider new technologies. Early clinical success with current approaches will prompt greater investment of time, energy, and capital into development of advanced and elegant solutions to challenges in cGMP production of immunotherapeutics. As the field of immunotherapy moves forward, cGMP applications will continue to be crucial to its success. In this chapter, we discuss the cGMP approach to cell production.
In Vitro and In Vivo Targeting and Therapy of an Antibody-Drug Conjugate (IMMU-110) in B-Cell Malignancies. (2004)

Abstract IMMU-110 is a drug immunoconjugate comprised of doxorubicin (DOX) conjugated to the humanized anti-CD74 monoclonal antibody (mAb), hLL1, at a DOX:mAb (mol/mol) ratio of 8:1. CD74 is a rapidly internalizing type-II transmembrane chaperone molecule associated with HLA-DR, and has high expression on human non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) and multiple myeloma (MM) clinical specimens and cell lines. Here, we investigated the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of IMMU-110 in xenograft models of human NHL (Raji, Daudi) and MM (MC/CAR). In vitro cell binding of IMMU-110 with the CD74-positive cells was significantly higher than that of a non-specific isotype-matched mAb-DOX conjugate (DOX conjugated to a mAb against epithelial glycoprotein-1; DOX-hRS7), and was similar to that of naked hLL1. Both IMMU-110 and naked hLL1 bound CD74 with subnanomolar affinity. The in vitro cytotoxicity of IMMU-110 was significantly higher than non-specific antibody-DOX conjugate, DOX-hRS7, and was similar to free DOX in MC/CAR, Raji or Daudi human Burkitt’s lymphoma cells. In CD74-negative cell lines, IMMU-110 was significantly less toxic than free DOX, having similar cytotoxicity to DOX-hRS7. In vivo, IMMU-110 displayed a pharmacokinetic and biodistribution profile almost identical to that of hLL1 mAb. Both hLL1 mAb and IMMU-110 had a biphasic clearance from the circulation; the α and β half-life (t1/2) of IMMU-110 were 4.6 h and 157.9 h, respectively, and those of hLL1 were 5.4 h and 151.5 h, respectively. In biodistribution studies, no significant difference was observed between IMMU-110 and naked hLL1 with regards to normal tissue uptake. Neither IMMU-110 nor naked hLL1 mAb had a significant association with any normal body tissue. In therapy experiments, a single i.v. protein dose of 350 μg IMMU-110, injected 5 days after implantation of MC/CAR cells in SCID mice, resulted in curing 70% of the animals. Similar cure rates were observed when treatment with IMMU-110 was given 10 days after transplantation of MC/CAR cells. In the Raji xenograft model, 100% of animals were cured with a single protein dose of 120 μg IMMU-110, injected 5 days after implantation of cells. In survival studies, the efficacy of IMMU-110 was significantly better than naked hLL1, the combination of naked hLL1 and free DOX, or of a non-specific antibody-DOX conjugate, DOX-hRS7. In a tolerability study in SCID mice, no toxic effect of IMMU-110 was observed even at the highest dose tested (2.5 mg /mouse). In conclusion, treatment of B-cell lymphoma and myeloma xenograft models with single injections of IMMU-110 resulted in high levels of response and long-term survivors. IMMU-110 is being further developed as a potential therapeutic for the treatment of CD74-positive tumors.
Cardiac compliance in fetuses of diabetic women (1999)

Differences in atrioventricular blood flow patterns between fetuses of diabetic women and normal fetuses do not necessarily result from differences in cardiac compliance.
Optimal Level Number and Performance Evaluation of Si/GaN Multi-Level Flying Capacitor Inverter for Variable Speed Drive Systems (2022)

This paper analyzes the optimal number of voltage levels concerning power density for a motor-integrated Multi-Level Flying Capacitor inverter (ML FCi) with 800 V DC-link driving a 7.5 kW Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM). The analysis is performed for an ML FCi, as it enables high efficiency and power density required for motor integration on the one hand and decreases the output filter volume with increasing output voltage level numbers N on the other hand. General scaling laws of the ML FCi are derived analytically and a Pareto optimization based on real hardware dimensions is performed to determine which number of levels is optimal in terms of power density and efficiency and which system performance is achieved for employing Si or GaN power transistors.
Investigating the Influence of Au Nanoparticles on Porous SiO2–WO3 and WO3 Methanol Transformation Catalysts (2016)

Analyzing the structural and chemical properties of materials at the interface of metal nanoparticles and metal oxide supports is important for catalytic applications. Tungsten oxide (WO3) is a widely studied catalyst, but changing the catalytic reactivity at the surface of this oxide with metal nanoparticles is of interest. In this work, we sought to modify the redox properties of porous WO3 and SiO2–WO3 catalysts with sonochemically deposited gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) in order to access and study this reaction pathway. Characterization using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) confirmed that crystalline Au NPs with diameters of 5–12 nm were distributed throughout the catalysts. Temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) was used to probe the surface acidity of the catalysts. The physico-chemical characteristics of catalysts have been also discussed by considering the catalytic performance of these materials in the aerobic transformation of methanol. Catalysts containing nanocrystalline WO3 but no Au NPs displayed very high selectivity to DME (>60%) at all conversions with minor oxidation reactivity, which highlighted the acidic nature of these catalysts. No effect on the acidity of the catalysts was observed by TPD when Au NPs were loaded in the catalysts. The reducibility of the crystalline WO3 species, however, increased significantly due to the interaction with Au NPs, as observed by temperature-programmed reduction (TPR). In the gas-phase transformation of MeOH under aerobic conditions, catalysts modified with Au NPs showed greater activity compared to nonmodified catalysts. In addition, oxidation selectivity to products such as methyl formate as well as formaldehyde, dimethoxymethane, and carbon oxides became heavily favored with only minor dehydration selectivity. The redox properties of these WO3 catalysts could be tuned by changing the Au loading. More labile lattice oxygen and enhanced redox properties at the surface of WO3 modified with Au NPs clearly altered these traditional dehydration catalysts to potential oxidation catalysts. Thus, modification of WO3 with Au is an effective way to expand the MeOH transformation product distribution beyond DME to other useful, oxidized products not typically observed over pure WO3.
Tuned wettability of material surfaces for tribological applications in miniaturized systems by laser interference metallurgy (2009)

Innovative surfaces are successful, if we succeed to put in the correct place the correct property with technological efficiency. Until now, material surfaces can be systematically structured in different ways in order to fulfil chemical or mechanical requirements such as corrosion protection or wear resistance for example. Moreover, the properties of materials are strongly related to their microstructure as well as to their spatial distribution. For that reason, the design of materials with tailored microstructures is a key for the functionalization of surfaces. This is possible by an artificial fabrication technique called Laser Interference Metallurgy. In this context, textured or functionalized surfaces are beneficial in overcoming stiction and adhesion in MEMS devices. With regard to tribological applications, a systematic study of the effect of geometrically differing laser interference patterns on the wetting behaviour of metallic gold thin films with a thickness of about 300 nm and 125 &mu;m thick polyimide foils should be presented. It could be shown that in case of gold films, a laser interference patterning reinforces the hydrophilic sample behavior whereas the polyimide foils reveal a significant increase in hydrophobicity after the laser patterning process. Both wetting regimes are advantageous under dry or lubricated friction conditions. The corresponding geometrical limits of the abovementioned method concerning the structure depth, periodicity and pattern form has been determined. All the samples have been characterized by scanning electron and focused ion beam microscopy and white light interferometry. Additionally, IR spectroscopy has been applied to the polyimide samples in order to separate topographic and chemical influences.
Molecular Engineering of nxonjugated Polymers (1999)

An extensive review of the synthesis of x-conjugated polymers is presented using a tutorial approach to provide an introduction to the field intended for the undergraduate student and the experienced chemist alike . The many synthetic methodologies that have been used for the synthesis of conjugated polymers are outlined for each class of polymers with a focus on research from the 1990s . The effect of structure on electrical properties is detailed . Specific systems reviewed include the polyacetylenes. polyanilines. polypyrroles. polythiophenes. poly(ary1ene vinylenes). and polyphenylenes .