gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental Study of the Stability of a High-Speed Gas Jet Under the Influence of Liquid Cross-Flow (2007)

This paper reports on the interfacial character and deflection of a high-speed gas jet transverse to an aqueous cross-flow as a function of cross-flow speed and gas jet Mach number. Several gas exit velocities were tested including subsonic cases up to supersonic cases at cross-flow velocities from 0.3 m/s to 0.7 m/s. For the subsonic cases, it was found that the stability and resistance of the gas jet to deflect in the presence of cross-flow were increased with the jet Mach number. However, the Mach 1.6 jet was more stable than the Mach 1.9 jet, suggesting that there exists upper and lower bounds for jet stability which are Mach number dependent. Unstable gas jets were shown to pinch-off, meaning the interface of the gas jet in a plane parallel to the ejector exit collapsed to almost a point and an independent bubble rose to the free surface. The stagnation side gas/liquid interfaces were analyzed using the Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) method to better understand the fundamental mode shapes contained in the interface waveforms. It was found that the subsonic jets shared many of the same characteristics in their first, second, and third mode shapes. The supersonic jets differed from the subsonic mode shapes. Interestingly, the mode shapes for the subsonic cases compared well to those of a beam in transverse vibration with sliding-free boundary conditions. The supersonic cases compared relatively well to pinned-free boundary conditions, owing to the more columnar nature of the gas jet as it exited the ejector.
Serum Albumin Targeted, pH‐Dependent Magnetic Resonance Relaxation Agents (2012)

The objective of this work was the synthesis of serum albumin targeted, Gd(III)-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents exhibiting a strong pH-dependent relaxivity. Two new complexes (Gd-glu and Gd-bbu) were synthesized based on the DO3A macrocycle modified with three carboxyalkyl substituents α to the three ring nitrogen atoms, and a biphenylsulfonamide arm. The sulfonamide nitrogen coordinates the Gd in a pH-dependent fashion, resulting in a decrease in the hydration state, q, as pH is increased and a resultant decrease in relaxivity (r(1)). In the absence of human serum albumin (HSA), r(1) increases from 2.0 to 6.0 mM(-1) s(-1) for Gd-glu and from 2.4 to 9.0 mM(-1) s(-1) for Gd-bbu from pH 5 to 8.5 at 37 °C, 0.47 T, respectively. These complexes (0.2 mM) are bound (>98.9 %) to HSA (0.69 mM) over the pH range 5-8.5. Binding to albumin increases the rotational correlation time and results in higher relaxivity. The r(1) increased 120 % (pH 5) and 550 % (pH 8.5) for Gd-glu and 42 % (pH 5) and 260 % (pH 8.5) for Gd-bbu. The increases in r(1) at pH 5 were unexpectedly low for a putative slow tumbling q=2 complex. The Gd-bbu system was investigated further. At pH 5, it binds in a stepwise fashion to HSA with dissociation constants K(d1)=0.65, K(d2)=18, K(d3)=1360 μM. The relaxivity at each binding site was constant. Luminescence lifetime titration experiments with the Eu(III) analogue revealed that the inner-sphere water ligands are displaced when the complex binds to HSA resulting in lower than expected r(1) at pH 5. Variable pH and temperature nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion (NMRD) studies showed that the increased r(1) of the albumin-bound q=0 complexes is due to the presence of a nearby water molecule with a long residency time (1-2 ns). The distance between this water molecule and the Gd ion changes with pH resulting in albumin-bound pH-dependent relaxivity.
Passive and Active Spectroscopic Diagnostics of a Microwave Discharge Oxygen Plasma of Atmospheric Pressure. (2000)

We investigate fundamental parameters of a microwave discharge oxygen plasma, which is freely expanding in atmospheric pressure. Electron temperature, electron density, gas temperature are measured by line intensity measurement. Density of atomic oxygen is measured by laser induced fluorescence spectroscopy (LIFS). Experimental results show that the plasma is in a state of non-equilibrium in the plasma upstream region, and becomes close to the state of equilibrium as going downstream. There exists high concentration of atomic oxygen in the upstream region.
Cover Feature: Concentration‐Dependent Inhibition of Mesophilic PETases on Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Can Be Eliminated by Enzyme Engineering (ChemSusChem 8/2023) (2023)

The Cover Feature shows the effect of concentration dependent inhibition of natural enzymes that break down poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), a polymer widely used in consumer packaging and which contributes to plastic pollution. Mesophilic enzymes (depicted on the right), such as IsPETase from Ideonella sakaiensis, are inhibited as the enzyme concentration increases. In contrast, enzymes engineered to be thermostable (depicted on the left), are not susceptible to this inhibition and can degrade PET at high enzyme concentration. More information can be found in the Research Article by L. Avilan et al. Image credit: Scivetica/Rita Clare.
[Virological and serological examination of wild birds during the spring migrations in the region of the Manych Reservoir, Rostov Province]. (1977)

In accordance with the Soviet-American collaboration program on influenza and ARD, cooperative field studies were undertaken in 1975 in the USSR in order to test the field and laboratory methods for studies on influenza virus ecology. In the Rostov region of the USSR, virological and serological examinations of 321 birds of 25 species were carried out. Virological tests were performed with 678 biological specimens and in various serological tests 308 blood serum specimesn from wild birds were examined. Examinations of specimens of washings and organs of birds revealed no hemagglutinating agents. The paper presents the results of studies of avian blood serum specimens in the HI test, neuraminidase activity inhibition test and the immunodiffusion test.
Prospective validation of a patient-reported nasal quality-of-life tool for endonasal skull base surgery: The Anterior Skull Base Nasal Inventory-12 (2013)

This prospective study demonstrates that the ASK Nasal-12 is a validated, site-specific, unidimensional rhinological outcomes tool sensitive to clinical change. It can be used in conjunction with multidimensional QOL instruments to assess patient-reported nasal perceptions in endonasal skull base surgery. This instrument is being used as a primary outcome measure in an ongoing multicenter nasal morbidity study. Clinical trial registration no.: NCT01504399 (ClinicalTrials.gov).
Alternative Splicing Increases Complexity of Stem Cell Transcriptome (2006)

Development of highly anticipated stem cell-based therapies requires a detailed understanding of mechanisms regulating biological properties of these cells. Comprehensive identification of all biological molecules produced in stem cells is an important step toward this goal. During the past several years, microarray studies have essentially identified genes that are transcriptionally activated in various embryonic and adult stem cell populations. However, the extent of post-transcriptional modifications within the stem cell transcriptome remained undetermined. Recently, we presented evidence that thousands of genes expressed in hematopoietic and embryonic stem cells undergo alternative splicing. Using combined computational and experimental analyses, we found that the frequency of alternative splicing is especially high in tissue-specific genes, as compared to ubiquitous genes. Our results also indicate that negative regulation of constitutively active splicing sites can be a prevalent mode for generation of splicing variants, and that alternative splicing is generally not conserved between orthologous genes in human and mouse. Here, we discuss the implications of our findings for stem cell biology, and present possible approaches toward genome-wide identification and characterization of splice variants.
Geometry-Based Radiation Prediction of Laser Exposure Area for Laser Powder Bed Fusion Using Deep Learning (2022)

Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is a promising technique used to manufacture complex geometries in a layer-wised manner. Radiation during the LPBF process is influenced by the part geometry, e.g., the overhang angle and the wall thickness. Locally varying radiation can cause deformation of the product after manufacturing. Thus, the prediction of the geometry-caused radiation before the manufacturing can support the evaluation of the design printability to achieve first-time-right printing. In this paper, we present a framework to predict the geometry-based radiation information using a deep learning (DL) algorithm based on the part geometry from computer-aided design (CAD). The algorithm was trained using data from an LPBF-print job consisting of parts with varying overhang angles. Image data, which include the information of radiation, were captured with an optical tomography (OT) camera system that was installed on a LPBF machine used in a laboratory environment. For the DL algorithm, a U-Net based network with mean absolute error (MAE) loss was applied. The training input was binarized OT data representing the contour of the designed geometry. Complementary, the OT data were used as ground truth for the model training. For the application, the design contours of multiple layers were extracted from the CAD file. The result shows the applicability to predict the OT-like radiation by its contour, which has the possibility to show the anomaly due to the part geometry.
Wireless Spectrum for5G (2019)

This chapter provides detailed insights into wireless spectrum, spectrum considerations for introducing 5G radio based on future traffic growth, and new identified spectrum for International Telecommunication Union-Radio Sector (ITU-R) World Radio Conference (WRC)-19 definitions. It also provides insights into different regulations and new regulation approaches considered for wireless communications. This chapter discusses characteristics of new spectrum from a signal propagation point of view and how it needs to be considered in radio system design. Finally, frequency bands for 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) New Radio operation are introduced.
Carotid Artery Dissection as a Possible Severe Complication of Pertussis in an Adult: Clinical Case Report and Review (2003)

Adults can experience typical symptoms of pertussis. Complications due to severe paroxysmal coughing have been reported in this age group. We report carotid artery dissection as a possible severe complication of pertussis in a previously healthy adult. Adult booster immunization against pertussis should be considered to protect adults themselves from this illness and its potential complications.
Götterdämmerung (2020)

Ihrem Ende eilen sie zu, die so stark im Bestehen sich wähnen. (They are hasting on to their end, who now deem themselves strong in their greatness.) —Loge, Das Rheingold Your editors hope that, as our readers read this issue, they do so in better circumstances than this editorial is written. A world of social distancing (de facto house arrest) provides, as some consolation, the opportunity for reflection on the causes of our present circumstances. Your editors may, in the circumstances, be forgiven for reflecting on the consequences of departure from basic fiduciary principles which affect us all. The legal regime applicable in England is comprised in The Health Protection (Coronavirus, Restrictions) (England) Regulations 2020. These materially provide: 3.—(1) For the purposes of these Regulations, the “emergency period”— (2) The Secretary of State must review the need for restrictions and...
Feedback reduction by thresholding in multi-user broadcast channels: Design and limits (2011)

To utilize the multi-user diversity in broadcast channels, the channel state information (CSI) of each user must be known at the transmitter. To reduce the overhead of CSI feedback under random beamforming the question of which receivers should feed back their CSI is investigated. Using the closed form expression for the SINR distribution, thresholding functions T(n) are designed to meet specific design criterion as a function of the number of receivers. Specifically three design criterion are proposed. The asymptotic limits of the successful thresholding functions T(n) are found. If T(n) scales slower than log n, asymptotically no performance is lost. If T(n) scales faster than log n, all multi-user diversity is lost.
An application of the Hilbert transform in electron microscopy: II. Non-iterative solution in bright-field microscopy and the dark-field problem (1974)

It is shown using the properties of the Hilbert transform that the phase distribution in a bright-field image may be recovered by a non-iterative scheme from a knowledge of the intensity distribution, provided that the image contrast is less than 70%. Application of the Hilbert transform to dark-field microscopy is subject to severe non-uniqueness problems in the solution for the phase distribution; although various methods for calculating the phase from dark-field intensity measurements are detailed, none of these methods give acceptable solutions. In relation to bright-field optics we outline the relation between single-sideband Fourier holography and the bright-field image recorded with a half-plane aperture in the Fourier (diffraction) plane of the object.
In Vitro and In Vivo Impairment of α2-Adrenergic Receptor-Dependent Antilipolysis by Fatty Acids in Human Adipose Tissue (2001)

The aim of the present study was to study the influence of fatty acids on the adrenergic control of lipolysis both in vitro and in vivo. Human subcutaneous adipose tissue explants were cultured for 48 h in the presence of 100 microM bromopalmitate (BrPal), and lipolysis was measured in isolated adipocytes. In control conditions, beta-AR-dependent activation of lipolysis by epinephrine was almost undetectable, and could be fully restored by pharmacological blockade of alpha2-AR-dependent antilipolysis. After BrPal treatment, epinephrine became fully lipolytic and was no longer influenced by alpha2-AR-blockade. Radioligand binding analysis revealed that BrPal treatment led to a significant reduction in the coupling of alpha2-AR to G proteins. In parallel, a chronic and significant increase in plasma fatty acids resulting from a 4-day high-fat diet (HFD) was accompanied by an impairment of the amplifying effect of the alpha2-AR antagonist phentolamine on exercise-induced lipolysis (measured in the subcutaneous adipose tissue with the use of a microdialysis probe) normally observed after a low-fat diet. In conclusion, in vitro and in vivo studies showed that fatty acids impair alpha2-AR-dependent antilipolysis.
GEOMETRIC DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR SUBURBAN HIGH-SPEED CURB AND GUTTER ROADWAYS. FINAL REPORT (1995)

The objective of this study was the development of geometric design guidelines for suburban, high-speed curb and gutter roadways. Design elements that were addressed included design speed, alignment, cross section, drainage, driveways, and sight distance. Safety studies, operational studies and clear zone studies were conducted. Field data collection sites for the studies were selected from various areas throughout the state of Texas. The safety studies analyzed the safety effects of high-speed curb and gutter roadway sections through accident rates, accident severities, and accident characteristic frequencies. The operational studies included a study concerning shoulder requirements and two-way left-turn lane (TWLTL) requirements. The clear zone study was conducted to determine the most appropriate and cost-beneficial clear zone width requirements for suburban high-speed curb and gutter sections. The resultant guidelines were based on the input from a panel of experts and the results of several safety, operational, and computer simulation studies. They were prepared in a format such that they can be inserted into the current edition of the Texas Department of Transportation's Design Manual. The geometric design criteria for suburban highways were prepared in both English and metric units. Adoption of these guidelines should result in a consistent, safe and defensible set of geometric design guidelines for suburban high-speed curb and gutter roadways.
High-Field [superscript 13] C Dynamic Nuclear Polarization with a Radical Mixture (2013)

We report direct [superscript 13]C dynamic nuclear polarization at 5 T under magic-angle spinning (MAS) at 82 K using a mixture of monoradicals with narrow EPR linewidths. We show the importance of optimizing both EPR linewidth and electron relaxation times by studying direct DNP of [superscript 13]C using SA-BDPA and trityl radical, and achieve [superscript 13]C enhancements above 600. This new approach may be best suited for dissolution DNP and for studies of [superscript 1]H depleted biological and other nonprotonated solids.
Resonance Raman Analysis of the Mechanism of Energy Storage and Chromophore Distortion in the Primary Visual Photoproduct (2004)

The vibrational structure of the chromophore in the primary photoproduct of vision, bathorhodopsin, is examined to determine the cause of the anomalously decoupled and intense C(11)=C(12) hydrogen-out-of-plane (HOOP) wagging modes and their relation to energy storage in the primary photoproduct. Low-temperature (77 K) resonance Raman spectra of Glu181 and Ser186 mutants of bovine rhodopsin reveal only mild mutagenic perturbations of the photoproduct spectrum suggesting that dipolar, electrostatic, or steric interactions with these residues do not cause the HOOP mode frequencies and intensities. Density functional theory calculations are performed to investigate the effect of geometric distortion on the HOOP coupling. The decoupled HOOP modes can be simulated by imposing approximately 40 degrees twists in the same direction about the C(11)=C(12) and C(12)-C(13) bonds. Sequence comparison and examination of the binding site suggests that these distortions are caused by three constraints consisting of an electrostatic anchor between the protonated Schiff base and the Glu113 counterion, as well as steric interactions of the 9- and 13-methyl groups with surrounding residues. This distortion stores light energy that is used to drive the subsequent protein conformational changes that activate rhodopsin.
Electron Beam Focusing in Gas and Plasma-Filled Transport Cells on Rits (2005)

Summary form only given. In flash X-ray radiography, one of the key goals is to focus an electron beam onto a high-Z-target to generate X-rays. One of several goals is to create a small radiographic spot. The paraxial diode, which utilizes a gas-filled transport cell to focus the beam into a small spot, has been investigated for several decades. It has been shown in simulations using LSP, a particle-in-cell code, that the primary limitation to achieving a small spot size is due to time-dependent net currents in the transport cell which cause the beam's focal plane to shift axially during the timescale of the pulse. This movement, often referred to as ''beam sweep", smears out the radiographic spot, leading to a larger size than is desired. Recently, calculations with LSP, demonstrate that replacing the gas with a pre-ionized plasma with density on the order of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">16</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> significantly slows down the net current evolution, and yields a more stable focal plane and thus decreased time-integrated spot size. Recent experiments utilizing gas and plasma-filled transport cells have been performed on the RITS accelerator (4.5 MV, 20-30 kA beam current 60 ns FWHM) to study these predictions. The most recent results and analysis from these experiments are presented
Magnetic and Flotation: A Comprehensive Research for Recovery from Zinc Leach Residue (2011)

According to the properties of the zinc leach residue, the recoveries of lead and zinc from residue have been studied in this paper. At first, ZnO.Fe 2 O 3 was recovered by magnetic separator, and the grade of zinc concentrate is 14.89% and the recovery is 65%.Next step, zinc sulfide was recovered by flotation, and the grade of zinc concentrate is 29.65% and the recovery is 29.65%.The last, the lead residue was recovered by flotation and the grade of lead concentrate is 17.21% and the recovery is 56.37%. The technology is very effective to enrich value metals, and realize utilization of resource protecting the environment.
<title>Radiation hardness of passive fiber optic components for the future thermonuclear fusion reactor instrumentation links</title> (2002)

The future thermonuclear fusion reactor ITER will require remote-handled equipment to monitor its operation and to allow hazard-free manipulations during its frequent maintenance periods. Heavy shielded umbilicals will be required to connect the sensors and the actuators with their instrumentation. Multiplexing sensor signals turns out to be essential to ease the umbilical management. We are considering fibre optic technology, with its intrinsic wavelength multiplexing (WDM) capabilities, to handle these ITER multiplexing issues. We propose a new analog data link design for low-bandwidth sensors and actuators based on commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) fiber optic components. We rely on passive components such as WDM couplers and fibre Bragg gratings (FBG) to build a radiation-resistant analog data link. WDM couplers remain operational up to a 13 MGy gamma total dose. A radiation-induced channel drift is observed. The refractive index change under ionizing radiation is proposed as the degradation mechanism. FBG filters continue to operate satisfactorily up to a 150 MGy total gamma dose and a neutron fluence of about 10<SUP>15</SUP> n/cm<SUP>2</SUP>. Our results on these COTS all-fibre passive components open perspectives to build a radiation-tolerant analog optical data link compatible with the ITER requirements.
Method for Quantification of Chemicals in a Pollution Plume Using a Moving Membrane-Based Sensor Exemplified by Mass Spectrometry (2007)

Quantification of a chemical concentration in a pollution plume using a moving membrane-based sensor can be problematic. In many cases, the sensor passes through the plume faster than the time necessary to reach a steady-state signal, which is often used for quantification. Since the exposure time is typically not known, quantification based upon the flow injection analysis principle is also impractical. In this paper, we present a two-dimensional calibration model, exemplified by membrane inlet mass spectrometry, in which the concentration of a chemical can be determined using a simple algorithm. The concentration is given by a calibration factor, which is multiplied by the peak height and divided by the value of a polynomial, calculated at a normalized peak width. The model is demonstrated to give good quantitative estimates of concentrations for exposure times down to approximately 1/10 of the time it takes to reach steady-state diffusion through the membrane. Although the model is demonstrated using membrane inlet mass spectrometry and detection of volatile organic chemicals, it should be generally applicable to many membrane-covered sensors.
Insulating Behavior ofλ-DNA on the Micron Scale (2002)

We have investigated the electrical conductivity of lambda-DNA using DNA covalently bonded to Au electrodes. Thiol-modified dTTP was incorporated into the "sticky" ends of bacteriophage lambda-DNA using DNA polymerase. Two-probe measurements on such molecules provide a hard lower bound for the resistivity rho>10(6)Omega cm at bias potentials up to 20 V, in conflict with recent claims of moderate to high conductivity. By direct imaging, we show that the molecules are present after the measurements. We stress the importance of eliminating salt residues in these measurements.