gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rhinovirus Infection Drives Complex Host Airway Molecular Responses in Children With Cystic Fibrosis (2020)

Early-life viral infections are responsible for pulmonary exacerbations that can contribute to disease progression in young children with cystic fibrosis (CF). The most common respiratory viruses detected in the CF airway are human rhinoviruses (RV), and augmented airway inflammation in CF has been attributed to dysregulated airway epithelial responses although evidence has been conflicting. Here, we exposed airway epithelial cells from children with and without CF to RV <i>in vitro</i>. Using RNA-Seq, we profiled the transcriptomic differences of CF and non-CF airway epithelial cells at baseline and in response to RV. There were only modest differences between CF and non-CF cells at baseline. In response to RV, there were 1,442 and 896 differentially expressed genes in CF and non-CF airway epithelial cells, respectively. The core antiviral responses in CF and non-CF airway epithelial cells were mediated through interferon signaling although type 1 and 3 interferon signaling, when measured, were reduced in CF airway epithelial cells following viral challenge consistent with previous reports. The transcriptional responses in CF airway epithelial cells were more complex than in non-CF airway epithelial cells with diverse over-represented biological pathways, such as cytokine signaling and metabolic and biosynthetic pathways. Network analysis highlighted that the differentially expressed genes of CF airway epithelial cells' transcriptional responses were highly interconnected and formed a more complex network than observed in non-CF airway epithelial cells. We corroborate observations in fully differentiated air-liquid interface (ALI) cultures, identifying genes involved in IL-1 signaling and mucin glycosylation that are only dysregulated in the CF airway epithelial response to RV infection. These data provide novel insights into the CF airway epithelial cells' responses to RV infection and highlight potential pathways that could be targeted to improve antiviral and anti-inflammatory responses in CF.
ChemInform Abstract: TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF PROSTAGLANDIN‐F2α INVOLVING STEREOCONTROLLED AND PHOTO‐INDUCED REACTIONS OF BICYCLO(3.2.0)HEPTANONES (1980)

Abstract Das Bicycloheptenon (I) liefert mit dem Dibromdimethylhydantoin (II) das Ketobromhydrin (III), dessen Acetal (IV) mit Namethylat das Epoxid (V) gibt.
A Dy<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>-capped HfO<inf>2</inf> Dielectric and TaC<inf>x</inf>-based Metals Enabling Low-V<inf>t</inf> Single-Metal-Single-Dielectric Gate Stack (2007)

We show for the first time that conduction and valence band-edge effective work functions (WF) are achieved simultaneously by one single Dy <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> capping layer on HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> for both nMOS and pMOS with TaC <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> -based metals. Low V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> 's (0.23 and -0.36 V) are obtained without degrading the EOT-J <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">G</sub> scalability and hole mobility. A model based on competing intermixes of cap/host dielectric and cap/metal is proposed to explain the positive WF shift with TaC <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">y</sub> and the negative shift with TaC <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> as compared to the uncapped HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> reference. Finally, by developing a novel nitridation process to modify TaC <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> into TaC <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">y</sub> , this work shows that single-metal-single-dielectric gate stacks are feasible, allowing cost-effective low-V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> CMOS integration.
Surface Treatments for Modifying the Tribological Behavior of Microsystems (Keynote) (2005)

The surfaces of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) that have impacting and sliding contacts are frequently modified by coatings to improve the tribological behavior of the structural material. In silicon microsystems, chemisorbed hydrocarbon or fluorocarbon monolayers are commonly used to modify the surface energy of the oxidized silicon to resist water adsorption and adhesion. Thin conformal solid films can also be employed to improve the wear resistance of the structural material. The requirements of coatings for microsystems will be discussed in terms of tribological behavior, processing, operation and aging characteristics. Although contacting surfaces of polycrystalline silicon have arithmetic roughness of less than 50 nm, contact forces below 1 mN prescribe that real contact occurs at only a few asperities. Defects in the coatings, and interfaces that are deeply buried present opportunities for adsorption of reactive species and degradation of the coating over time. An understanding of the mechanical and chemical degradation mechanisms of tribological coatings is of primary importance for the reliable operation of microsystems. At the same time, relating composition and structure of the contacting surfaces to the tribological behavior is quite challenging due to the limited size and number of real contact spots. A variety of surface treatments for silicon microsystems have been investigated, including chemisorbed monolayers, vapor phase lubricants and hard coatings. The tribological behavior of polycrystalline silicon containing chemisorbed monolayers is dramatically influenced by water vapor in the environment during fabrication processes, storage or operation. Surface analytical tools and friction measurements using micromachined tribometers to understand the impact of coating degradation on the tribological behavior of microsystems are illustrated.
Primary Efficacy Outcomes from COMPASS: A Comparison of Breath Powered™ Device Containing 22 mg Sumatriptan Powder (AVP-825) Versus 100 mg Oral Sumatriptan in Acute Treatment of Migraine (S23.003) (2015)

OBJECTIVE: COMPASS (NCT01667679) evaluated comparative efficacy, safety and tolerability of AVP-825 (22mg sumatriptan powder) and 100mg oral sumatriptan in adults with migraines. BACKGROUND: AVP-825 is an investigational Breath Powered™ Bi-Directional™ device that delivers low-dose sumatriptan powder (15-16mg on average) deep into the nasal cavity where it is rapidly absorbed. DESIGN/METHODS: Multicenter, double-dummy, crossover, multi-attack study with two 12-week double-blind periods. Migraineurs (2-8 attacks/month) were randomized 1:1 to AVP-825 plus oral placebo or an identical placebo device plus 100mg oral sumatriptan for period-1; treatment switched for period-2. Patients treated ≤5 qualifying migraines/period (<1 hour from onset, even if mild). The primary endpoint, SPID-30, assessed summed pain intensity differences in headache severity scores through 30 minutes. Key secondary endpoints included pain relief and pain freedom at each time point. RESULTS: 275 migraineurs were randomized; 185 treated migraines in both periods (full analysis set; 1531 migraines assessed). Significantly greater benefit over the first 30 minutes post-dose was observed with AVP-825 vs oral sumatriptan (SPID-30: 10.80 vs 7.41 P<.001). At time points between 15-90 minutes, significantly greater rates of pain relief and pain freedom were achieved with AVP-825 (30 minutes: 53.8[percnt] vs 38.7[percnt] P<.0001 and 18.2[percnt] vs 10.8[percnt] P=.0003, respectively). Pain relief/freedom were comparable at 120 minutes, 24 and 48 hours. No serious adverse events (AEs) occurred; ≤2[percnt] of patients discontinued due to AEs. Nasal discomfort and abnormal taste were more common with AVP-825 (16[percnt] vs 1[percnt]; 26[percnt] vs 4[percnt]) but ~90[percnt] were mild and led to only one discontinuation. Atypical sensation rates were lower with AVP-825 (2[percnt] vs 5[percnt], P=.02). CONCLUSIONS: AVP-825 confers faster pain relief compared with 100mg of oral sumatriptan, relief is sustained through 48 hours, and treatment is well tolerated. If approved, AVP-825 will constitute an important treatment option for migraineurs. Support: Avanir Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
COMBINING DOCUMENT REPRESENTATIONS (2000)

This paper presents a formal framework for the combination of document representations based on evidential reasoning. Each indexing method is modelled by an agent referred to as an indexer. Indexing elements re modelled as sentences which are used to describe the content of a document. The modelling of the indexing and its uncertainty provides the document representation. The combination of document representations is expressed as the combination of the indexing and uncertainty as provided by two or more indexers. The resulting indexer is referred to as the combined indexer. The proposed framework allows the capture of the semantics of the indexing vocabularies associated with the indexers and the aggregation of the uncertainty associated with the indexing.
Image indexing using compressed colour histograms (2000)

The distribution of colours in an image has proven to be very useful for object recognition. Building on Swain&apos;s colour indexing, colour distributions are now an integral part of many recognition schemes. This is not to say that colour alone suffices but rather that colour is one important cue that aids recognition. Colour indexing is performed on colour distribution histograms, and as such, the speed of the system is directly related to the size of the histogram to be indexed. It is shown how colour histograms can be effectively compressed and how compressed colour histograms can be compared for indexing. The authors make two important contributions. First, they show that an opponent colour histogram can be compressed more readily than can conventional colour space. Secondly, they use the standard transform encoding methods (the Karhunen–Loêve transform, the discrete cosine transform, the Hadamard transform and hybrid transforms) to compress colour histograms. Experiments show that compression rates of up to 250:1 are possible without affecting indexing performance. This means that a database can be searched that is 250 times larger in the same time as that searched by conventional indexing.
Estimation of the wind turbine yaw error by support vector machines (2015)

International audience
Fast-fading channel estimator using DCT and simplified kalman filter (2007)

We present a novel channel estimator for fading channels using basis function approximations and Kalman filtering. The proposal results in a low complexity estimator that is robust to the shape of the channel Doppler spectrum and allows different Doppler spectra for each channel coefficient in a frequency-selective scenario. The estimator is based on the description of channel variations via truncated discrete cosine transform (DCT). We show that DCT can be approximated by a set of linear narrow-band passband filters that can be inserted into a Kalman filter formulation that track a set of decoupled parameters. This estimator attains close to perfect channel knowledge performance with only 1% training symbols in a data frame with Doppler frequencies up to 0.8 times the frame frequency.
Synthesis of 7-substituted 3-aryl-1,6-naphthyridin-2-amines and 7-substituted 3-aryl-1,6-naphthyridin-2(1H )-ones via diazotization of 3-aryl-1,6-naphthyridine-2,7-diamines (2000)

The preparation of 3-aryl-7-halo-1,6-naphthyridin-2-amines and 3-aryl-7-halo-1,6-naphthyridin-2(1H)-ones from the diazotization of 3-aryl-1,6-naphthyridine-2,7-diamines is reported. The reactions were investigated in various solvents (concentrated HCl, 50% HBF4, 70% HF–pyridine, 20% and 90% H2SO4, dilute HCl, and neat TFA). By appropriate choice of solvent and other conditions, good yields of the target compounds could be obtained, although in some cases a variety of different side products was also produced. Subsequent displacement of the 7-halogen substituents with alkylamines provides a route to more complex 7-substituted 1,6-naphthyridine derivatives that are potential tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
Impact modification of wood flour reinforced PP composites: Problems, analysis, solution (2023)

Polypropylene (PP)/elastomer/wood flour composites were prepared from two PP reactor blends. The detailed analysis of the deformation and failure of the composites has shown that several local deformation processes take place during loading which differ considerably in terms of energy consumption. These processes may even interact with each other, sometimes resulting in an antagonistic effect on impact resistance. The shear yielding of the matrix consumes energy the most efficiently. The presence of wood decreases shear yielding by hindering overall deformation and initiating other local processes like debonding. The role of debonding is controversial; it may increase, but also decrease plastic deformation and impact resistance. The fracture of wood does not consume much energy and thus does not contribute to impact resistance. PP cannot be reinforced with wood flour, if impact resistance is an important aspect. Other methods are more suitable in such cases, like the addition of synthetic fibers.
Emission Cross Sections and Energy Extraction for the Mid-Infrared Transitions of Er, Tm, and Ho in Oxide and Fluoride Crystals (1991)

Emission cross sections have been measured for the transitions between the two lowest spin orbit multiplets of Er, Tm, and Ho in several fluoride and oxide crystals. Properties affecting energy extraction efficiency are summarized and pulsed extraction performance is calculated for several of these quasi- three-level laser media.
An Alternate Pathway of Arsenate Resistance in E. coli Mediated by the Glutathione S-Transferase GstB (2014)

Microbial arsenate resistance is known to be conferred by specialized oxidoreductase enzymes termed arsenate reductases. We carried out a genetic selection on media supplemented with sodium arsenate for multicopy genes that can confer growth to E. coli mutant cells lacking the gene for arsenate reductase (E. coli ΔarsC). We found that overexpression of glutathione S-transferase B (GstB) complemented the ΔarsC allele and conferred growth on media containing up to 5 mM sodium arsenate. Interestingly, unlike wild type E. coli arsenate reductase, arsenate resistance via GstB was not dependent on reducing equivalents provided by glutaredoxins or a catalytic cysteine residue. Instead, two arginine residues, which presumably coordinate the arsenate substrate within the electrophilic binding site of GstB, were found to be critical for transferase activity. We provide biochemical evidence that GstB acts to directly reduce arsenate to arsenite with reduced glutathione (GSH) as the electron donor. Our results reveal a pathway for the detoxification of arsenate in bacteria that hinges on a previously undescribed function of a bacterial glutathione S-transferase.
Synaptotagmin 17 controls neurite outgrowth and synaptic physiology via distinct cellular pathways (2019)

The synaptotagmin (syt) proteins have been widely studied for their role in regulating fusion of intracellular vesicles with the plasma membrane. Here we report that syt-17, an unusual isoform of unknown function, plays no role in exocytosis, and instead plays multiple roles in intracellular membrane trafficking. Syt-17 is localized to the Golgi complex in hippocampal neurons, where it coordinates import of vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum to support neurite outgrowth and facilitate axon regrowth after injury. Further, we discovered a second pool of syt-17 on early endosomes in neurites. Loss of syt-17 disrupts endocytic trafficking, resulting in the accumulation of excess postsynaptic AMPA receptors and defective synaptic plasticity. Two distinct pools of syt-17 thus control two crucial, independent membrane trafficking pathways in neurons. Function of syt-17 appears to be one mechanism by which neurons have specialized their secretory and endosomal systems to support the demands of synaptic communication over sprawling neurite arbors.
Enhanced Power and Breakdown in III-N RF Switches With a Slow Gate (2011)

We show that III-nitride radio-frequency switches with a composite slow/fast gate have higher maximum switching power and breakdown voltage compared with conventional switches of the same type. The composite gate design includes an additional “slow gate” electrode formed under the metal gate using a low-conducting InGaN layer. The “slow gate” covers the entire source-drain spacing. The addition of the “slow gate” layer not only offers a lower insertion loss and higher isolation but, as shown in this letter, also increases the power handling capability by “delaying” switch self-modulation under high-power stress. We also show that, the “slow gate” design increases breakdown voltage.
Carbon nanotube networks: applications on flexible substrates (2004)

A method for producing large-area, low-temperature electronics on flexible substrates is developed in this paper. Randomly interconnected networks of single-walled carbon nanotubes are placed between electrodes. The carbon nanotube networks (CNN's) are electrically conductive over macroscopic dimensions and doped to behave like n- or p-type semiconductors with a effective field effect mobility of 10 cm/sup 2//Vs and an on/off current ratio of /spl sim/ 10/sup 4/. The CNN's has an application at room temperature to flexible substrates through a liquid deposition.
Long Timescale fMRI Neuronal Adaptation Effects in Human Amblyopic Cortex (2011)

An investigation of long timescale (5 minutes) fMRI neuronal adaptation effects, based on retinotopic mapping and spatial frequency stimuli, is presented in this paper. A hierarchical linear model was developed to quantify the adaptation effects in the visual cortex. The analysis of data involved studying the retinotopic mapping and spatial frequency adaptation effects in the amblyopic cortex. Our results suggest that, firstly, there are many cortical regions, including V1, where neuronal adaptation effects are reduced in the cortex in response to amblyopic eye stimulation. Secondly, our results show the regional contribution is different, and it seems to start from V1 and spread to the extracortex regions. Thirdly, our results show that there is greater adaptation to broadband retinotopic mapping as opposed to narrowband spatial frequency stimulation of the amblyopic eye, and we find significant correlation between fMRI response and the magnitude of the adaptation effect, suggesting that the reduced adaptation may be a consequence of the reduced response to different stimuli reported for amblyopic eyes.
The Steroidogenic Enzyme AKR1C3 Regulates Stability of the Ubiquitin Ligase Siah2 in Prostate Cancer Cells (2015)

Re-activation of androgen receptor (AR) activity is the main driver for development of castration-resistant prostate cancer. We previously reported that the ubiquitin ligase Siah2 enhanced AR transcriptional activity and prostate cancer cell growth. Among the genes we found to be regulated by Siah2 was AKR1C3, which encodes a key androgen biosynthetic enzyme implicated in castration-resistant prostate cancer development. Here, we found that Siah2 inhibition in CWR22Rv1 prostate cancer cells decreased AKR1C3 expression as well as intracellular androgen levels, concomitant with inhibition of cell growth in vitro and in orthotopic prostate tumors. Re-expression of either wild-type or catalytically inactive forms of AKR1C3 partially rescued AR activity and growth defects in Siah2 knockdown cells, suggesting a nonenzymatic role for AKR1C3 in these outcomes. Unexpectedly, AKR1C3 re-expression in Siah2 knockdown cells elevated Siah2 protein levels, whereas AKR1C3 knockdown had the opposite effect. We further found that AKR1C3 can bind Siah2 and inhibit its self-ubiquitination and degradation, thereby increasing Siah2 protein levels. We observed parallel expression of Siah2 and AKR1C3 in human prostate cancer tissues. Collectively, our findings identify a new role for AKR1C3 in regulating Siah2 stability and thus enhancing Siah2-dependent regulation of AR activity in prostate cancer cells.
Umpolung Synthesis of 1,3-Amino Alcohols: Stereoselective Addition of 2-Azaallyl Anions to Epoxides (2017)

We report the direct preparation of 1,3-amino alcohols that contain up to three contiguous stereogenic centers by the umpolung coupling of imines and epoxides. Nucleophilic 2-azaallyl anions, generated from imines, are stereoselectively added to epoxides to furnish 1,3-amino alcohols after hydrolysis of the product imine. Transformations afford amino alcohols with >98% site selectivity with respect to both reaction partners and in up to >98% yield and >20:1 dr.
Highly parallel pulsed optoelectronic analog-digital converter (1998)

We characterize the performance of a highly parallel pulsed optoelectronic analog to digital converter. The system is based on a time-domain to wavelength-domain mapping, such that an input analog signal is parallelized using a wavelength-division-demultiplexed scheme. Each parallel wavelength channel is then digitized using conventional, slow electronic analog-digital converters. We use narrow-band signals up to 18 GHz and histogram testing to characterize the system. From the measurements, we deduce the effective number of bits of the system to be /spl sim/6 and /spl sim/5 bits for 4 and 36 giga-samples-per-second (GSPS) sampling rates, respectively.
Outer Bounds for MIMO Communicating Radars: Three-node Uplink (2018)

In this paper, we derive the rate bounds of a joint radar and communication system where the Comm-Radar is simultaneously detecting the target and receiving communication signals. We consider the case, where the communication signals also bounce off the radar target and are received alongside the radar signal. We show that the additional target bounces of the communication signals could potentially be used to improve the radar performance on direction estimation. To demonstrate the performance gain, we first propose an iterative-successive interference cancellation (iterative-SIC) scheme for the joint radar estimation and communication decoding. Then, based on the iterative-SIC scheme, we derive the joint outer bounds for the rate regions to characterize achievable estimation rate and communication rate performance. In addition, we present numerical results, which show the advantages of using the communication bounces.