gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
2D Hexagonal Boron Nitride - Molybdenum Disulfide Nanocomposite Supercapacitor Electrodes (2019)

Two-dimensional (2D) materials are very promising as supercapacitor electrodes due to their high specific surface area. In recent years, significant attention has been focused to environmentally friendly 2D hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), since pristine 2D h-BN has many applications in high-temperature instruments and as a substrate for the growth of other 2D materials. However, its electrically insulating character in pristine form limits its utilization in electrochemistry and in electronic applications. Formation of nanocomposites with a conducting complementary materials offers a solution to this problem. In this study, we fabricated 2D h-BN/MoS2 nanocomposite electrodes using solution phase synthesis routes and evaluated their electrochemical performance for supercapacitors. Prior to preparation of the electrodes both h-BN and MoS2 were chemically exfoliated. Electrochemical properties such as specific capacity and capacity retention of the fabricated nanocomposite electrodes were examined through cyclic voltammetry, chronopotentiometry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in three electrode configuration. Obtained results were compared to that of the control sample fabricated from bare MoS2 nanosheets. In order to determine the effect of electrolyte type on the electrochemical properties of the nanocomposite electrodes, various aqueous solutions, such as sodium sulfate (Na2SO4), hydrochloric acid (H2SO4) and potassium hydroxide (KOH) were investigated. Fabricated supercapacitor electrodes showed encouraging specific capacitance values exceeding 100 F/g. A comprehensive analysis on the electrochemical properties of the fabricated supercapacitor will be presented.
Logo detection and recognition with synthetic images (2018)

During recent years, deep learning methods have shown to be effective for image classification, localization and detection. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) are used to extract information from images and are the main element of modern machine learning and computer vision methods. CNNs can be used for logo detection and recognition. Logo detection consist on locate and recognize commercial brand logos within an image. These methods are useful in the areas of online brand management or ad placement. The performance of this methods is closely related on the quantity and the quality of the data, typically image/label pairs, used to train the CNNs. Collecting the pair of images and labels, commonly referred as ground truth, can be expensive and time consuming. Multiple techniques try to solve this problem by either transforming the available data using data augmentation methods or by creating new images from scratch or from other images using image synthesis methods. In this paper, we investigate the latter approach. We segment background images, extract depth information and then blend logo images accordingly in order to create new real looking images. This approach allows us to create an indefinite number of images with a minimum manual labeling effort. The synthetic images can later be used to train CNNs for logo detection and recognition.
Comparison of Molecular Simulation and Pseudo-Rigid-Body Model Predictions for a Carbon Nanotube–Based Compliant Parallel-Guiding Mechanism (2008)

We report on the accuracy of the pseudo-rigid-body model (PRBM) in predicting the behavior of a nanoscale parallel-guiding mechanism (nPGM) that uses two single-walled (5,5) carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as the flexural guiding elements. The nPGM has two regions of behavior: region 1 is governed by the bulk deformation of the nanotubes, and region 2 is characterized by hingelike flexing of four “kinks” that occur due to buckling of the nanotube walls. PRBM parameters for (5,5) CNTs are proposed. Molecular simulation results of region 1 behavior match PRBM predictions of (1) kinematic behavior with less than 7.3% error and (2) elastomechanic behavior with less than 5.7% error. Although region 1 is of more interest because of its well-defined and stable nature, region 2 motion is also investigated. We show that the PRBM parameters are dependent on the selection of the effective tube thickness and moment of inertia, the lesson being that designers must take care to consider the thickness and moment of inertia values when deriving PRBM constants.
Depolarization signatures of multiply scattered light (Conference Presentation) (2019)

Reconstruction of an OCT tomogram assumes that the signal originates from singly backscattered light. Light that has been multiply scattered only reduces image contrast and resolution. It has been demonstrated that multiple scattering impacts the OCT signal, especially in case of relatively large spherical particles with a size exceeding the wavelength used for OCT. Here, we investigate the association of multiple scattering with depolarization, as measured with polarization sensitive OCT, to verify if it can explain the depolarization previously observed in lipid-rich atherosclerotic plaques imaged with intravascular polarimetry. Atheromatous plaques consist primarily of macrophage cells that have ingested substantial amounts of lipids, stored as intracellular lipid droplets that increase in size as the plaque progresses. Excessive concentration of cholesterol leads to the nucleation of small cholesterol crystals. The strong birefringence and random orientation of these crystalline particles may contribute to the observed depolarization. However, detection of light multiply scattered by spherical particles may better explain the observed strong depolarization. Using the extended Huygens Fresnel principle we estimate the ratio between the contribution of singly and multiply scattered light to the OCT signal of aqueous microsphere suspensions, and compare it to the experimentally observed depolarization signal. Understanding the mechanism of depolarization seen in liquid-rich plaques may offer insight into the size and concentration of the lipid particles, which would be diagnostically relevant.
Ultrabroadband efficient intracavity XUV output coupler (2011)

We report an efficient intracavity XUV output coupler based on an anti-reflection-coated grazing incidence plate (GIP). Conceptually, GIP is an extension of a Brewster plate, affording low loss of the circulating fundamental light and serving as a highly efficient, extremely broadband output coupler for XUV. Due to the grazing incidence geometry, the short wavelength reflectivity can be extended to the keV range. The first GIP realized shows parameters close to the design. We discuss both the limitations of the GIP in comparison with other XUV output couplers and the applicability of the GIP extension at longer wavelengths, down to the MIR.
Liquid crystal materials (2019)

Many liquid crystal materials used in the market for the TN (twisted nematic) liquid crystal displays (LCDs), the STN (super TN) LCDs and the TFT (thin film transistor) addressed LCDs having TN, IPS (in-plane switching), MVA (multidomain vertical alignment) or PSVA (polymer sustained vertical alignment) mode are reviewed. The cases of the development and the industrialization of liquid crystals, in which the author was involved, are also reviewed. Moreover, the relationships between the properties and the chemical structures for the liquid crystal materials are discussed.
A Novel High-Heat Transfer Low-NO{sub x} Natural Gas Combustion System. Final Technical Report (2004)

A novel high-heat transfer low NO(sub x) natural gas combustion system. The objectives of this program are to research, develop, test, and commercialize a novel high-heat transfer low-NO{sub x} natural gas combustion system for oxygen-, oxygen-enriched air, and air-fired furnaces. This technology will improve the process efficiency (productivity and product quality) and the energy efficiency of high-temperature industrial furnaces by at least 20%. GTI's high-heat transfer burner has applications in high-temperature air, oxygen-enriched air, and oxygen furnaces used in the glass, metals, cement, and other industries. Development work in this program is focused on using this burner to improve the energy efficiency and productivity of glass melting furnaces that are major industrial energy consumers. The following specific project objectives are defined to provide a means of achieving the overall project objectives. (1) Identify topics to be covered, problems requiring attention, equipment to be used in the program, and test plans to be followed in Phase II and Phase III. (2) Use existing codes to develop models of gas combustion and soot nucleation and growth as well as a thermodynamic and parametric description of furnace heat transfer issues. (3) Conduct a parametric study to confirm the increase in process and energy efficiency. (4) Design and fabricate a high-heat transfer low-NOx natural gas burners for laboratory, pilot- and demonstration-scale tests. (5) Test the high-heat transfer burner in one of GTI's laboratory-scale high-temperature furnaces. (6) Design and demonstrate the high-heat transfer burner on GTI's unique pilot-scale glass tank simulator. (7) Complete one long term demonstration test of this burner technology on an Owens Corning full-scale industrial glass melting furnace. (8) Prepare an Industrial Adoption Plan. This Plan will be updated in each program Phase as additional information becomes available. The Plan will include technical and economic analyses, energy savings and waste reduction predictions, evaluation of environmental effects, and outline issues concerning manufacturing, marketing, and financing. Combustion Tec, Owens Corning, and GTI will all take active roles in defining this Plan. During Phase I, the first three objectives were addressed and completed along with the design component of the fourth objective. In Phase II, the fabrication component of the fourth objective was completed along with objectives five and six. Results of the Phase I work were reported in the Phase I Final Report and are summarized in this Final Technical Report. Work for Phase II was divided in four specific Tasks. Results of the Phase II work were reported in the Phase II Final Report and are also summarized in this Final Technical Report. No Phase III Final Report was prepared, so this Final Technical Report presents the results of Phase III commercial demonstration efforts. A description of each Task in Phases I, II, and III is presented in this report.
A model of modified meta-iodobenzylguanidine conjugated gold nanoparticles for neuroblastoma treatment (2021)

Iodine-131 <i>meta</i>-iodobenzylguanidine (<sup>131</sup>I-<i>m</i>IBG) has been utilized as a standard treatment to minimize adverse side effects by targeting therapies to bind to the norepinephrine transporter (NET) expressed on 90% of neuroblastoma cells. However, only a minority of patients who receive <sup>131</sup>I-<i>m</i>IBG radiotherapy have clinical responses, and these are usually not curative. In this study, novel ligand-conjugated gold nanoparticles (GNPs) based on <i>m</i>IBG were synthesized and evaluated biologically with neuroblastoma cells <i>in vitro</i>. To induce specific internalization to the tumor cells and utilize it as a model for radioenhancement, <sup>127</sup>I-modified <i>m</i>IBG was successfully synthesized and grafted covalently to the surface of carboxylated PEG-GNPs. 49.28% of the novel <i>m</i>IBG derivative was grafted on carboxylated PEG-GNPs. The particles were stable and not toxic to the normal fibroblast cell line, L929, even at the highest concentration tested (10<sup>13</sup> NPs per mL) at 24, 48, and 72 h. Moreover, the cellular uptake of the model was decreased significantly in the presence of a NET inhibitor, suggesting that there was specific internalization into neuroblastoma cells line (SH-SY5Y) <i>via</i> the NET. Therefore, this model provides useful guidance toward the design of gold nanomaterials to enhance the efficiency of <sup>131</sup>I-<i>m</i>IBG treatment in neuroblastoma patients. However, the investigation of radio-therapeutic efficiency after radioisotope <sup>131</sup>I substitution will be further conducted in a radiation safety laboratory using an animal model.
Multi-Source Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Using Improved Estimation Consistency Method (2019)

We address the problem of estimating direction-of-arrivals (DOAs) for multiple acoustic sources in a reverberant environment using a spherical microphone array. It is well-known that multi-source DOA estimation is challenging in the presence of room reverberation, environmental noise and overlapping sources. In this work, we introduce multiple schemes to improve the robustness of estimation consistency (EC) approach in reverberant and noisy conditions through redefined and modified parametric weights. Simulation results show that our proposed methods achieve superior performance compared to the existing EC approach, especially when the sources are spatially close in a reverberant environment.
Regioselective Preparation of 2-Substituted 3,4-Diaryl Pyrroles:  A Concise Total Synthesis of Ningalin B (2002)

Methylisocyanoacetate undergoes a 2 + 3 cycloaddition with alpha,beta-unsaturated nitriles to provide a regioselective synthesis of 2-substituted 3,4-diaryl pyrroles. The ease of preparation of alpha,beta-unsaturated nitriles allows the rapid synthesis of pyrroles with varied substituents. Using this method, a key intermediate (1) for the synthesis of the marine natural products lukianol A, lamellarin O, and lamellarin Q was prepared in two steps. A total synthesis of ningalin B (11) was also accomplished utilizing this methodology.
Metabolism of macromolecular methyl groups in Escherichia coli (1981)

Carbon-l 3 NMR spectra of '3C-methyI-enriched, intact and viable K. coZi cells have been obtained and shown to be useful in studies of the in vivo metabolism of this molecular group.Methyl resonances from whole cell spectra were shown to originate from nondialyzable, macromolecular material present in subcellular fractions and not due to free cellular [met@Z-'3CJmethionine or other dialyzable compounds.Comparisons with the methyl resonances of several cellular proteins, membrane constituents, and other compounds have been made.13C-Enriched methyl groups were 'chased' from their original sites in late log phase cultures when cells were placed in minimal medium with [methyl-"2C]methionine.Methyl, originally assigned to locations in protein, as bound to the sulfur of methionine, was 'chased' to an exclusively membrane site bound to nitrogen in the quaternary amine of phosphatidyl choline.Specific enrichment of carbon-13 is essential to carbon NMR studies of transient metabolites which may exist in the metabolic processes for only short periods of time and small molecules or macromolecules that exist at very low concentrations in the cell [ 1,2].Thus, cell growth in media containing a macromolecular precursor or a metabolite that is 90t atom % enriched in carbon-13 at a particular carbon is highly advantageous for studies in vivo.
Energy-Efficient Hardware Implementation of Road-Lane Detection Based on Hough Transform with Parallelized Voting Procedure and Local Maximum Algorithm (2019)

Efficient road-lane detection is expected to be achievable by application of the Hough transform (HT) which realizes high-accuracy straight-line extraction from images. The main challenge for HT-hardware implementation in actual applications is the trade-off optimization between accuracy maximization, power-dissipation reduction and real-time requirements. We report a HT-hardware architecture for road-lane detection with parallelized voting procedure, local maximum algorithm and FPGA-prototype implementation. Parallelization of the global design is realized on the basis of θ-value discretization in the Hough space. Four major hardware modules are developed for edge detection in the original video frames, computation of the characteristic edge-pixel values (ρ,θ) in Hough-space, voting procedure for each (ρ,θ) pair with parallel local-maximum-based peak voting-point extraction in Hough space to determine the detected straight lines. Implementation of a prototype system for real-time road-lane detection on a low-cost DE1 platform with a Cyclone II FPGA device was verified to be possible. An average detection speed of 135 frames/s for VGA (640x480)-frames was achieved at 50 MHz working frequency.
Effects of Palm Olein-Olive Oil Blends on Fat Deposition in Diet-Induced Obese Mice (2018)

Current knowledge on the partial replacement of palm olein with olive oil on fat deposition is inadequate, thus leading to our interest to unveil the effects of palm olein on fat deposition by using mouse model. Our findings revealed that the normalized subcutaneous adipose tissues weight, liver weight and body weight gain of mice fed with either palm olein or the blends were remarkably lower than the mice fed with olive oil. The weight of subcutaneous adipose tissues of mice fed with palm olein and blend (PO:OO=50:50) were significantly lower than the mice fed with olive oil. In addition, body weight of the mice in palm olein group were significantly lower than those fed with olive oil group. The results implied that the mice fed with palm olein and palm olein-olive oil blends are less fattening than those fed with olive oil.
Quantification of real-time ECG data compression algorithms (2003)

We simulated five real-time data compression algorithms on cardiac electrograms to determine which would maximize the efficiency of memory usage in medical devices: Zero Order Prediction tolerance comparison (ZOP), First Order Prediction tolerance comparison (FOP), Differential Pulse Code Modulation (DPCM), the Fan, and Second Differences (SD). The Fan and FOP methods ranked first and second for the quality of the compressed waveform. The predicted storage rates for waveforms sampled at 200 Hz with the Fan and FOP were 75 and 95 bytes/s, respectively with compression ratios of 6:1 and 5:1, respectively.
Safety and efficacy of high-intensity focused ultrasound in severe or refractory glaucoma (2019)

The efficacy of ultrasonic cyclocoagulation in the present study is comparable to that reported in the literature. The kinetics of intraocular pressure and flare suggest that postoperative inflammation could be partly responsible for the early intraocular pressure decrease. The moderate endothelial cell loss, which could be caused by localized heating, and the preservation of quality of life confirm the safety of ultrasonic cyclocoagulation.
Comparison of Raw and Internet protocols in a HIPPI/ATM/SONET based gigabit network (1996)

We compare implementation of Raw and Internet protocols (TCP, UDP) on a programmable HIPPI host-interface called the Network Interface Unit. The network interface unit connects Pixel-Planes 5, a message-based graphics multicomputer, to a wide area gigabit network called VISTAnet. The BISDN network consists of a SONET cross-connect switch and an ATM switch. We discuss the tradeoffs between protocols for our target application and present a comparison of end-to-end throughput based on empirical measurements.
Perceptual quality of motion of video sequences on mobile terminals. (2005)

The Lanindar is a simple, highly specific, office-based test to determine patient suitability for phacoemulsification under ATA.
Spatial Information in Large-Scale Neural Recordings (2014)

To record from a given neuron, a recording technology must be able to separate the activity of that neuron from the activity of its neighbors. Here, we develop a Fisher information based framework to determine the conditions under which this is feasible for a given technology. This framework combines measurable point spread functions with measurable noise distributions to produce theoretical bounds on the precision with which a recording technology can localize neural activities. If there is sufficient information to uniquely localize neural activities, then a technology will, from an information theoretic perspective, be able to record from these neurons. We (1) describe this framework, and (2) demonstrate its application in model experiments. This method generalizes to many recording devices that resolve objects in space and should be useful in the design of next-generation scalable neural recording systems.
Stereokontrollierte Synthese von Oligonucleosidphosphorothioaten (1994)

Abstract Bei der Modulation der Genexpression durch Antisense‐Oligonucleotide oder deren Analoga wurden Ergebnisse erzielt, die auf eine neue Generation von Therapeutica gegen virale Infektionen, Krebs und andere Krankheiten hoffen lassen. Oligonucleosidphosphorothioate (Oligo‐S) sind die wirksamsten Analoga bei der Unterdrückung der Biosynthese „ungewollter”︁ Proteine. Erste klinische Untersuchungen von Oligo‐S als Antisense‐Präparate gegen Warzen im Genitalbereich und akute myeloische Leukämie werden zur Zeit durchgeführt; auch gegen Aids sollen Oligo‐S getestet werden. Details des Wirkungsmechanismus, der Aufnahme in die Zelle, des Zelltransports, der subzellulären Lokalisierung und der Wechselwirkung mit zellulären Proteinen sind noch nicht bekannt. A priori wird bei der Applikation angenommen, daß eine rasche und effiziente molekulare Erkennung der Ziel‐RNA durch Oligo‐S erfolgt. Der Einfluß der Chiralität als Eigenschaft des Oligo‐S‐Gesamtmoleküls konnte bislang nicht geklärt werden, da diese Verbindungen nicht stereokontrolliert herstellbar sind. Aufgrund fehlender analytischer Methoden wurde die Diastereomerenzusammensetzung nie bestimmt. Da jedes Diastereomer eine eindeutig definierte stereochemische Einheit ist, stellt sich die Frage, welche Diastereomere die beobachtete biologische Antwort, die positive (heilende) Wirkung und die mögliche negative (toxische) Nebenwirkung, bewirken. Das Ziel dieser Übersicht ist, eine (zum Teil auch spekulative) Abschätzung der Probleme, die mit einer stereokontrollierten Synthese von Oligo‐S verbunden sind, zu liefern sowie den Forschungsstand zu referieren, wobei auch auf Strategien eingegangen werden soll, die zu Oligo‐S mit vorbestimmter Chiralität führen könnten. Dieser Ansatz soll keinesfalls Wissenschaftler von Untersuchungen mit Oligo‐S‐Diastereomerengemischen als Pharmaca abhalten, denn in der medizinischen Chemie wurden viele nützliche Medikamente ohne die genaue Kenntnis der Struktur entwickelt und angewandt. So ist z.B. heute noch die Struktur von Impfstoffen, die Pasteur entdeckte, nicht geklärt.
Frequency and Time-Frequency Based Indices For Suction Detection in Rotary Blood Pumps (2006)

A new suction detection system for rotary blood pumps used in left ventricular assist devices is presented. The system is based on frequency indices combined with a time-frequency extraction feature algorithm. The frequency based indices can detect the changes in the harmonic and subharmonic energy content of the pump flow signal, when a suction event is occurring. The time-frequency extraction feature algorithm can track variations in the standard deviation of the instantaneous frequency of that signal. These two pieces of information are then combined in a weighted decision system to generate a suction alarm. The proposed system has been tested in simulations, in a mock-loop system, and in-vivo tests and produced very satisfactory results
Generating finely synchronized gesture and speech for humanoid robots: a closed-loop approach (2013)

Previous work focusing on the production of communicative robot gesture has not sufficiently addressed the challenge of speech-gesture synchrony. We propose a novel multimodal scheduler that comprises two features to improve the synchronization process. First, the scheduler integrates an experimentally fitted forward model at the behavior planning stage to provide a more accurate estimation of the robot's gesture preparation time. Second, the model incorporates a feedback-based adaptation mechanism which allows for an on-line adjustment of the synchronization of the two modalities during execution. In this way, it represents the first closed-loop approach to speech and gesture generation for humanoid robots.