gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthetic Studies on the Kigamicins (2019)

The kigamicins are polycyclic aromatic natural products featuring a tetrahydroxanthone and up to four sugar residues. They are toxic to human cancer cells under nutrient-poor conditions. A synthesis of the natural product skeleton has been achieved from chiral pool materials. Key steps include a regioselective hydration of a diarylalkyne and two oxidative cyclizations.
Antibodies to and elevations of beta 2 microglobulin in the serum of ankylosing spondylitis patients (1982)

Antibodies to beta 2 microglobulin are found in systemic lupus erythematosus patients and are important in the lymphocytotoxic reactions of sera from such patients. In this study, beta 2 microglobulin antibodies were measured with the use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with purified beta 2 microglobulin antigen and peroxidase-labeled anti-human IgG or IgM. IgG antibodies to beta 2 microglobulin were found in 68% of 22 patients with ankylosing spondylitis. This incidence was higher than the 5% in 80 controls (P less than 0.01) and similar to the 71% incidence found in 35 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Eleven (27%) of 41 patients with rheumatoid arthritis had elevated levels of antibodies to beta 2 microglobulin (P less than 0.01). The mean antibody levels expressed in enzyme units were 0.125 for patients with ankylosing spondylitis, 0.157 for those with systemic lupus erythematosus, 0.101 for those with rheumatoid arthritis, and 0.067 for controls. IgM anti-beta 2 microglobulin was not significantly different from controls. A competitive binding assay with enzyme-labeled beta 2 microglobulin was used to determine serum beta 2 microglobulin. These values were also found to be elevated in 48% of patients in all 3 disease categories (P less than 0.01). Beta 2 microglobulin antibodies and serum beta 2 microglobulin did not correlate with each other, renal diseases or antinuclear antibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, with rheumatoid factor or severity of articular disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, or with peripheral arthritis or iritis in those with ankylosing spondylitis. Although antibodies to beta 2 microglobulin might reflect a general disturbance of immune regulation in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, their presence in those with ankylosing spondylitis, a disease closely associated with a specific HLA allotype and not usually associated with formation of autoantibody, suggests that they might play a role in the pathogenesis of the latter disease.
Towards a Framework for Evaluating and Reporting Hansen Solubility Parameters: Applications to Nano and Micron Scale Particle Dispersions (2021)

&lt;p&gt;A thorough understanding of complex interactions within particulate systems is a key for knowledge-based formulations. Hansen solubility parameters (HSP) are widely used to assess the compatibility of the dispersed phase with the continuous phase. At present, the determination of HSP is often based on a liquid ranking list obtained by evaluating a pertinent dispersion parameter using only one pre-selected characterization method. Furthermore, one cannot rule out the possibility of subjective judgment especially for liquids for which it is difficult to decipher the compatibility or underlying interactions. As a result, the end value of HSP might be of little or no information. To overcome these issues, we introduce a generalized technology-agnostic combinatorics-based approach. We discuss the principles of the approach and the implications of evaluating and reporting particle HSP values. We demonstrate the approach by using SiN&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; particles synthesized in the gas phase. We leverage the analytical centrifugation data to evaluate stability trajectories of SiN&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; dispersions in various liquids to deduce particle-liquid compatibility. &lt;/p&gt;
Combination of a potent 20-epi-vitamin D3 analogue (KH 1060) with 9-cis-retinoic acid irreversibly inhibits clonal growth, decreases bcl-2 expression, and induces apoptosis in HL-60 leukemic cells. (1996)

All-trans retinoic acid (RA) is the first highly effective differentiation-inducing agent for remission induction in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia. However, remissions are short-lived because the treatment fails to induce complete differentiation and fails to eradicate the malignant clone. To eliminate rapidly the malignant clone, in analogy with aggressive chemotherapy, the combination of potent differentiation- and apoptosis-inducing drugs working through different receptors and signal pathways may be useful. The active form of vitamin D3 (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3; 1,25(OH)2D3) inhibits proliferation and induces differentiation of myeloid leukemic cells. The 9-cis-RA, unlike all-trans-RA which binds only retinoic acid receptors, is a high affinity ligand for both retinoic acid receptors and retinoid X receptors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic potential of combining a vitamin D(3) analogue, 20-epi-22-oxa-24a,26a,27a-tri-homo-1alpha,25(OH) 2D, (KH 1060), which belongs to the family of potent 20-epi-1,25(OH),D3 analogues, with 9-cis-RA by assessing their effects on the proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of the human leukemia cell line HL-60 in vitro. Our data show that KH 1060 alone is a very potent inhibitor of clonal proliferation of HL-60, but this effect is reversible, and that 9-cis-RA alone is a weak inhibitor of clonal proliferation of HL-60 cells. In contrast, the combination of KH 1060 and 9-cis-RA synergistically and irreversibly inhibited the clonal proliferation of HL-60 cells and induced apoptosis, as detected by morphological changes and DNA fragmentation. This combination also affected the expression of apoptosis-related genes. The bcl-2 protein became nearly undetectable, and expression of bax protein increased slightly (the bax:bcl-2 ratio was 14-fold higher than in untreated cells). Differentiation of treated HL-60 cells was assessed by their ability to produce superoxide, as measured by reduction of nitro blue tetrazolium, positive staining for alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase, phagocytosis, morphology, and analysis of membrane-bound differentiation markers with two-color immunofluorescence. Treatment with the combination of KH 1060 and 9-cis-RA was a potent inducer of differentiation of HL-60, with the cells developing a myelomonocytic phenotype. In summary, our data demonstrate that the combination of both KH 1060 and 9-cis-RA irreversibly and synergistically inhibited clonal growth, induced differentiation and apoptosis of HL-60 cells concomitantly with a very marked decreased expression of bcl-2, and increased the bax:bcl-2 ratio. This drug combination may have important therapeutic significance.
Short-pulse optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification for the generation of high-power few-cycle pulses (2007)

We report ultrabroadband optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification (OPCPA) with an output pulse energy of up to 250 μJ from an OPCPA stage pumped by short pulses of ∼100 fs duration at 395 nm wavelength. In order to generate ultrahigh-power pulses in the few-cycle regime, such a short-pulse-pumped OPCPA scheme appears to be a promising route, by virtue of its inherently advantageous features. Firstly, the stretching and compression fidelity as well as the pulse contrast are increased due to the short pump- and seed-pulse durations. Additionally, the higher pump powers allow for using thinner OPA crystals, thereby increasing the amplification bandwidth that will support even shorter pulse durations. We present experimental results where the effective bandwidth of the seed pulses was increased in the OPCPA process resulting in a shortened transform-limited pulse duration in addition to the energy gain. The amplified pulses from OPCPA have been compressed to the sub-10-fs, few-cycle range by using chirped mirrors. Scaling of this short-pulse-pumped OPCPA technique for few-cycle-pulse generation to the highest (TW–PW) power levels is also planned (Petawatt Field Synthesizer project at the Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik).
Dual-rate high order hold equivalent controllers (2000)

The paper is focused on the computation of a dual-rate high-order-hold discrete equivalent controller. We assume that the continuous-time controller has been already designed in order to meet continuous time-domain and frequency-domain specifications. Dual rate controllers are N-periodic time varying systems, and the lifting technique is utilized to express them as time invariant systems. Several different models are presented (dual-rate transfer function, dual-rate vector transfer function, dual-rate sampled-data continuous-time transfer function, discrete-time periodic algorithms) for suitable for analysis, design and/or implementation. Relations among them are presented and illustrated for the particular case of the first-order-hold circuit.
It's (more) Scandinavian approach to IS research: but how do we know it? (2003)

To be Scandinavian in one's IS research - or not to be - cannot be a dichotomy. There must be different degrees of this attribute, perhaps there are multiple dimensions to characterise the Scandinavian character. Some of these dimensions are briefly outline below.
Difficulty differentiating Leber's from dominant optic neuropathy in a patient with remote visual loss. (1991)

A 31-year-old man who inexplicably lost vision as a child was referred for evaluation of bilateral optic atrophy. Other family members had also suffered unexplained visual loss. He had asymmetric impairment of visual acuity, central scotomas, and optic disc pallor. He also had a tritan color vision defect and excavation of the temporal portion of his optic discs, two features that were consistent with autosomal dominant optic atrophy. However, examination of the mitochondrial DNA of the proband and of two of his relatives revealed a mutation at nucleotide 11778, known to be associated with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy. This case illustrates the difficulty physicians may encounter when trying to clinically differentiate Leber's from dominant optic atrophy in patients with remote visual loss, and it emphasizes the importance of obtaining a molecular assay for a mitochondrial mutation in cases of ambiguously classified hereditary optic neuropathy.
Low dose cytarabine monotherapy for acute myeloid leukaemia (2016)

Authors have made no progress with this protocol in two years. New authors are being sought to take over this protocol.
Assessing The Diagnostic Functionality Of Electrocardiographs Currently Used In Helsinki Hospitals (1987)

To assess the diagnostic quality of current electrocardiography in Helsinki hospitals, 156 devices (95 percent from one manufacturer) were tested for performance by means of 11 test parameters. To analyze the devices as a system, a figure of merit (FM) was calculated for each device. Seventy-nine percent of the devices passed the tests. The device failure rate increased after the age of five years, and most of the failed devices exceeded 10 years of age. The most important device error was a false ST-segment depression caused by the electrocardiographs themselves. This was revealed by using a triangle pulse to the low-frequency response. This method should be included in international standards. On the basis of economics, the life cycle of an ECG should always exceed six years. However, extending the life cycle beyond five years reduces device reliability. Service costs were found to be insignificant in comparison to capital costs unless the life cycle is beyond 10 years. The results indicate that the present problem in maintenance in Helsinki hospitals is to provide and organize preventive maintenance so as to find the devices in need of service. The costs of preventive maintenance are a small price to pay to ensure the diagnostic accuracy of electrocardiographs. The FM and methods of testing described here may be useful in other areas and in other ECG evaluation programs.
Novel KCNQ2/Q3 Agonists as Potential Therapeutics for Epilepsy and Neuropathic Pain (2009)

Current drugs for the treatment of seizure disorders, although effective in many patients, still suffer from a number of failures and are not effective in some forms of resistant epilepsies. Historically, many of these drugs have multiple mechanisms of action including calcium and sodium channel blockade as well as GABAergic activity and thus a number of associated side effects. Modulation of the M-current through opening of KCNQ channels has been proposed as a way to attenuate neuroexcitability and have a therapeutic benefit for the treatment of seizure disorders. Therefore, as part of our program to identify new treatments for epilepsy, we set out to identify agonists of KCNQ channels. High throughput screening of our corporate collection led to the identification of 1, adamantane-1-carboxylic acid (3-methyl-3H-benzothiazol-2-ylidine) hydrazide, a potent KCNQ2/Q3 agonist. Herein, we describe the syntheses and structure-activity relationships of analogues of 1 as well as their in vivo activity in animal models of epilepsy and neuropathic pain.
Nanocrystalline SSZ-39 zeolite as an efficient catalyst for the methanol-to-olefin (MTO) process (2016)

The synthesis of nanosized SSZ-39 zeolite has been achieved using a high silica FAU zeolite as the Si and Al source and tetraethylphosphonium (TEP) cations as OSDAs. The obtained SSZ-39 material shows a remarkably high catalyst lifetime compared to conventional SSZ-13 and SSZ-39 materials.
Silicon High-Speed Modulators (2012)

Fiber optics is well established today due to the large capacity and reliability it provides, but it has a clear disadvantage in cost. Furthermore, components are typically large and expensive due to bulky ber elements. is, linked to the time consuming assembly and packaging required for precision alignment of micro-optics with dimensions of the order of micron, has led to increasing interest in the possibility of building devices integrated on a single chip of transparent material and, consequently, benetting from the much smaller footprint in integrated photonics. Ever since the earliest research on optical circuits, dating back to the 1970s, there have been visions of an optical superchip [1,2], containing a variety of integrated optical components to carry out light manipulation (generation, modulation, detection, switching, ltering, and amplication). In the early days of integrated photonics the work was associated with ferroelectric materials such as lithium niobate, and III-V semiconductors such as the gallium arsenide and indium phosphide based systems. is was mainly due to a large electro-optic eect enabling high modulation speed in the case of lithium niobate, and the possibility to integrate a source and other critical components in the case of III-V semiconductors.
Conditional Upregulation of KCC2 selectively enhances neuronal inhibition during seizures (2018)

Abstract/Summary Efficacious neuronal inhibition is sustained by the neuronal K + Cl - co-transporter KCC2, and loss of KCC2 function through injury or mutation is associated with altered GABAergic signalling and neuronal seizures. Here we report a transgenic mouse with conditional KCC2 overexpression that results in increased membrane transport function. Increased KCC2 has little impact on behavioural and in vitro assays of neuronal excitability and GABA A receptor responses under resting conditions. In contrast, increased KCC2 imparts resistance to seizure-like neuronal activity in hippocampal slices and prevents the progression of mice into behavioural status epilepticus following multiple kainic acid doses. Our results demonstrate a transgenic mouse to facilitate investigations into the role of KCC2 in brain function, and provide a proof of principle that targeting KCC2 may be an effective way to selectively enhance neuronal inhibition to mitigate against diseases that involve an imbalance between excitation and inhibition.
Magnetic surfaces, particle orbits and neutral injection in conventional and ultimate torsatrons (1979)

Our study highlights the necessity of method testing and analysis of negative controls when investigating Lepidoptera-associated bacterial communities.
Location of Pyridine Guest Molecules in an Electroneutral {3∞}[SiO4/2] Host Framework:  Single-Crystal Structures of the As-Synthesized and Calcined Forms of High-Silica Ferrierite (1996)

Single crystals (up to 580 × 480 × 20 μm) of highly silicious ferrierite (Si-FER, 1), suitable for single-crystal X-ray investigations, are synthesized under organothermal conditions. The structures of the as-synthesized (1a) and the calcined (1b) Si-FER are determined at room temperature. Both structures are refined in the orthorhombic space group Pnnm (No. 58, standard setting) with a = 743.0(1) pm, b = 1409.2(2) pm, c = 1882.0(2) pm, V = 1970.5(4) × 106 pm3, Z = 1, R = 0.041 (1a) and a = 741.8(1) pm, b = 1407.0(2) pm, c = 1871.3(2) pm, V = 1953.1(4) × 106 pm3, Z = 1, R = 0.037 (1b). The structure solution when combined with chemical analysis and 1H and 13C MAS NMR gives a unit cell content of [Si36O72]{py(4-x) apx} (x = 0−1, py = pyridine, ap = 1-amino-n-propane) and [Si36O72] for 1a and 1b, respectively. The structure of 1a shows only weak host−guest interactions between the {3∞}[SiO4/2] framework and the occluded, orientationally disordered pyridine molecules by means of relatively long organic-to-framework distances, d(Cpy···O) ≥ 354(2) pm. 29Si MAS NMR spectra from the organic-containing Si-FER 1a and the organic-free form 1b are in good agreement with the crystallographic results in that they conform to the well-known linear relationship between the cosine expression of the T−O−T angles and the chemical shift of the respective tetrahedral sites (T-sites). A new modification of this relationship is presented here and offers an improved linear correlation between the X-ray and NMR data for 1a and 1b, as well as for other high-silica microporous materials. Application of this new correlation to denser SiO2 compounds is discussed.
Analysis of regenerating hepatic cell replication in vivo by differential chromatid staining (1982)

The cell cycle of mouse hepatic cells was examined in vivo following partial hepatectomy, by differential chromatid staining in the presence of non-inhibitory concentrations of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU). Using this technique, distribution curves were obtained for the appearance of metaphase cells in successive generations, and mean cell cycle time (11 hr) was determined. Cell cycle times derived with this technique are several-fold faster than previous reports of regenerating liver which used radionucleotide labelling.
Avoiding Alzheimer’s disease: The important causative role of divalent copper ingestion (2019)

The work described in this review is very important to scientists working on Alzheimer's disease (AD) because it reveals a cause for the explosive epidemic of this disease. It is also important to the public because it provides a method to avoid this newly revealed cause, and thereby avoid AD. The field is advanced because this review reveals new information about the mechanism of AD pathogenesis, namely copper, and specifically divalent copper, toxicity is important. New information about divalent copper toxicity in the brain affecting cognition is revealed. The field is impacted strongly because, in view of the frustrations that have occurred in treatment developed, now most AD can be prevented. This means the suffering of the patient, the prolonged and difficult care required by caregivers, and the enormous expenditures for this one disease, can now be avoided.
Detecting at-risk mental states for psychosis (ARMS) using machine learning ensembles and facial features (2023)

Our model capitalized on short video-recordings from individuals recruited from the general population, effectively distinguishing between ARMS and controls. Results are encouraging for large-screening purposes in low-resource settings.
Immunosuppressive properties of bone marrow-derived and synovium-derived adherent cells (2011)

<b>Copyright information:</b>Taken from "Transcriptional profiles discriminate bone marrow-derived and synovium-derived mesenchymal stem cells"Arthritis Research &amp; Therapy 2005;7(6):R1304-R1315.Published online 20 Sep 2005PMCID:PMC1297577.Copyright © 2005 Djouad et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. Proliferative activity of T cells in a mixed lymphocyte reaction. Responding BALB/c splenocytes (10cells) were incubated for 4 days with mitomycin-treated DBA/1 splenocytes (10) in the presence or absence of 10adherent cells from bone marrow (BM) (= 10; six healthy, two rheumatoid arthritis, two osteoarthritis) or synovium (= 10; five rheumatoid arthritis, two osteoarthritis, three normal) or normal fibroblasts (fibro; = 3). The proliferative response corresponding to the average counts per minute of triplicates of alloreactive T cells (allo) was assigned the value of 100% ± standard deviation (SD). The indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) activity was detected as the tryptophan to kinurenin conversion measured at an optical density (OD) of 450 nm. Cells were cultured in the absence or presence of IFN-γ and/or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) for 48 hours and the detection of kinurenin was measured by photometry. The IDO activity is expressed as the mean activity from four different samples of cells from each tissue ± SD.
2191-PUB: Challenging the 50%/50% Basal/Bolus Insulin Ratio Rule: Have We Been Wrong? A Cross-Sectional Study (2020)

There is a generally-held belief that the ratio between basal and bolus insulin requirements in patients using insulin therapy should be 50%/50%. Yet, it appears this belief was based on a small study with healthy individuals, which may not be applicable to patients with insulin deficiency. To assess the validity of the rule we followed patients with type 2 diabetes treated with basal-bolus insulin therapy that has been frequently adjusted by a technology-based titration service. To keep glycemia stable, the service adjusts insulin dosage at least weekly and thus treatment closely tracks insulin requirements. We performed a cross-sectional study, accumulating data on N=306 patients over an average±SD period of 3.4±1.7 years. Insulin titrations occurred every 6.8±1.5 days to enable HbA1c maintenance at 7.2±0.7%. In 74.8% of the patients the average basal insulin fraction was less than 50% of total daily dose of insulin, and in about a third it was less than 38% (Figure). Additionally, the basal fraction did not remain stable in each patient over time (Figure). In 79.7% of the patients, it changed more than 20% and in 50% more than 29.8% (e.g., basal fraction changes in a single patient would range between 20% and 50% over time). In patients with type 2 diabetes treated with insulin, basal-bolus ratio is not 50%/50% and it changes over time. Thus, this ratio should not be used as a treatment guide. Disclosure I. Hodish: Stock/Shareholder; Self; Hygieia. M. Willis: Employee; Self; Hygieia. S. Sritharan: None. E. Bashan: Employee; Self; Hygieia. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Hygieia.
Polarization aberrations. 1: Rotationally symmetric optical systems (1990)

The polarization in isotropic radially symmetric lens and mirror systems in the paraxial approximation is examined. Polarized aberrations are variations in the phase, amplitude, and polarization state of the electromagnetic field across the exit pupil. Some are dependent on the incident polarization state and some are not. Expressions through fourth order for phase, amplitude, linear diattenuation, and linear retardance aberrations are derived in terms of the chief and marginal ray angles of incidence and the Taylor series expansion coefficients of the Fresnel equations for reflection and transmission at uncoated and thin-film-coated interfaces. Applications to polarization ray tracing are discussed.