gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of a novel MR head coil integrated with PET detectors: Design and optimization of shield boxes (2013)

We are developing a new PET/MRI system based on our novel concept: an MR head coil integrated with PET detectors. To reduce electromagnetic interaction between the PET detectors and the MRI coil, the PET detectors are covered with conductive shield boxes. However, when the magnetic field around the shield box is changed by field gradient, eddy current is generated in the shield box, and that produces secondary magnetic field degenerating image quality. In this study, we quantitatively evaluated the secondary magnetic field induced by the eddy current. We created a map of the secondary magnetic field in the whole measuring system (ΔB0 map). The ΔB0 maps with and without shield boxes contrast were nearly the same. This suggests that the effect of the shield-box-inducing eddy current is smaller than that of the eddy current generated by the whole measurement system.
ALD1613, A Novel Long-Acting Monoclonal Antibody to Control ACTH-Driven Pharmacology (2016)

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is the primary regulator of adrenal glucocorticoid production. Elevated levels of ACTH play a critical role in disease progression in several indications, including congenital adrenal hyperplasia and Cushing disease. We have generated a specific, high-affinity, neutralizing monoclonal antibody (ALD1613) to ACTH. In vitro, ALD1613 neutralizes ACTH-induced signaling via all 5 melanocortin receptors and inhibited ACTH-induced cyclic adenosine monophosphate accumulation in a mouse adrenal cell line (Y1). ALD1613 administration to wild-type rats significantly reduced plasma corticosterone levels in a dose-dependent manner. In rodent models with either chronic infusion of ACTH or acute restraint stress-induced ACTH, corticosterone levels were significantly reduced by ALD1613. Administration of ALD1613 to nonhuman primates on days 1 and 7 stably reduced plasma cortisol levels >50% for 57 days. ALD1613 demonstrates the potential of a monoclonal antibody to be an effective therapeutic for conditions with elevated ACTH levels.
Elevated circulating levels of soluble interleukin-1 receptor type II during interleukin-2 immunotherapy. (1999)

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a critical mediator of inflammation. Two naturally occurring IL-1 antagonists have been described, namely the IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) and the IL-1 receptor type II (IL-1RII). IL-1RII does not transmit a signal upon binding of IL-1, but competes with the signaling of IL-1RI for binding of IL-1. Shedding of IL-1RII yields the soluble IL-1 receptor type II (IL-1sRII) which retains the ability of membrane-bound IL-1RII to bind IL-1beta avidly, but binds IL-1Ra and IL-1alpha with low affinity. In contrast, IL-1sRI retains the ability of membrane-bound IL-1RI to bind IL-1Ra and IL-1alpha with high affinity, but binds IL-1beta poorly. We have previously shown that immunotherapy with IL-2 or IL-6 in cancer patients is associated with a dramatic increase in IL-1Ra plasma levels. In the present study, plasma levels of soluble IL-1 receptors were monitored in healthy individuals and cancer patients. In healthy controls, the mean IL-1sRII level was 4.76 0.16 ng/ml. IL-1sRII levels in cancer patients were comparable to those measured in healthy controls. IL-1sRII levels did not vary during the first 52 hours after initiation of IL-2 therapy, but increased significantly thereafter to reach 9.56 1.16 ng/ml on day 5. In contrast, IL-6 immunotherapy with a 5-day continuous infusion did not trigger an increase in IL-1sRII levels. IL-1sRI levels did not increase during immunotherapy with IL-2 or IL-6. Our results indicate that IL-1sRII, unlike IL-1Ra, remains a modest, natural, anti-inflammatory mechanism triggered by immunotherapy with IL-2, but not with IL-6.
Cognitive function in primary progressive and transitional progressive multiple sclerosis: A controlled study with MRI correlates (1999)

The relative rarity of primary progressive (PP) and transitional progressive (TP) multiple sclerosis has meant that little documentation of cognitive function in such patients is currently available. The aim of this study was to investigate the cognitive skills of patients with PP and TP multiple sclerosis relative to matched healthy controls, and to examine the relationship of this impairment to MRI parameters. Sixty-three patients (43 PP, 20 TP) were individually matched with healthy controls, who undertook the same cognitive tasks as the patient group. The neuropsychological assessment comprised Rao's brief repeatable battery, a reasoning test, and a measure of depression. Patients also underwent T1- and T2-weighted brain MRI. These patients were taken from a larger cohort (158 PP, 33 TP) in whom it had been demonstrated that the re were no significant differences between the mean scores of the PP and TP groups on any of the cognitive variables. The 63 patients were therefore taken as one group for comparison with the healthy controls. These patients performed significantly worse than the controls in tests of verbal memory, attention, verbal fluency and spatial reasoning. An impairment index was constructed and applied to the patient data. This correlated modestly with T2-lesion load (r = 0.45, P = 0.01), T1-hypointensity load (r = 0.45, P = 0.01) and cerebral volume (r = -0.35, P = 0.01). Thus, PP and TP multiple sclerosis patients demonstrate significant cognitive dysfunction when compared with matched healthy controls. The relationship between this impairment and MRI parameters is moderate, suggesting that cognitive dysfunction in PP and TP multiple sclerosis has a complex and multifactorial aetiology, which is not adequately explained by pathology as demonstrated on conventional MRI.
Anode Performance of Vapor‐Grown Carbon Fibers in Secondary Lithium‐Ion Batteries (1995)

Chopped vapor‐grown carbon fibers (VGCFs) were studied as anodes for secondary lithium ion batteries using a in a 1:1 (by volume) mixture of ethylene carbonate (EC) and diethylcarbonate (DEC) electrolyte. VGCFs were prepared from hydrocarbons by a vapor‐grown method and chopped to ca. 10 μm length. Three different diameters of the VGCFs, 1, 2, and 3 μm (1GWH, 2GWH, and 3GWH, respectively) were used. The VGCFs chopped after graphitization (the 2A method‐VGCFs) displayed a higher capacity than those chopped before (the 1A method‐VGCFs). In particular, 2GWH‐2A gave a capacity of carbon, 1.6‐fold higher than the capacity of 2GWH‐1A; this is almost equal to the theoretical intercalation capacity of an ideal graphite . The cyclic voltammogram of 2GWH‐2A showed the most significantly different profile from that of natural graphite among all of the VGCFs. It is suggested that a new structural change is induced in the well‐graphitized VGCFs during the chopping process that affects the lithium storage reaction.
Plasma processes to improve Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) conversion efficiency (2007)

International audience
An automatic overlay generator (1986)

We present an algorithm for automatically generating an overlay structure for a program, with the goal of reducing the primary storage requirements of that program. Subject to the constraints of intermodule dependences, the algorithm can either find a maximal overlay structure or find an overlay structure that, where possible, restricts the program to a specified amount of primary storage. Results are presented from applying this algorithm to three substantial programs.
VERA-CS Modeling and Simulation of PWR Main Steam Line Break Core Response to DNB (2016)

The Virtual Environment for Reactor Applications core simulator (VERA-CS) being developed by the Consortium for Advanced Simulation of Light Water Reactors (CASL) includes coupled neutronics, thermal-hydraulics (T/H), and fuel temperature components with an isotopic depletion capability. The neutronics capability is based on the Michigan Parallel Characteristics Transport Code (MPACT), a three-dimensional whole-core transport code. The T/H and fuel temperature models are provided by the COBRA-TF (CTF) subchannel code. As part of the CASL development program, the VERA-CS (MPACT/CTF) code system was applied to model and simulate reactor core response with respect to the departure from nucleate boiling (DNB) ratio at the most limiting point of a postulated pressurized water reactor main steam line break event initiated at the hot zero power, either with offsite power available and the reactor coolant pumps in operation (high-flow case) or without offsite power, where the reactor core is cooled through natural circulation (low-flow case). The VERA-CS simulation was based on core boundary conditions from the RETRAN-02 system transient calculations and STAR-CCM+ computational fluid dynamics (CFD) core inlet distribution calculations. The evaluation indicated that the VERA-CS code system is capable of modeling and simulating quasi-steady-state reactor core response under the main steam line break accident condition, the results are insensitive to uncertainties in the inlet flow distributions from the CFD simulations, and the high-flow case is more DNB limiting than the low-flow case.
Blood platelet enrichment in mass-producible surface acoustic wave (SAW) driven microfluidic chips (2019)

The ability to separate specific biological components from cell suspensions is indispensable for liquid biopsies, and for personalized diagnostics and therapy. This paper describes an advanced surface acoustic wave (SAW) based device designed for the enrichment of platelets (PLTs) from a dispersion of PLTs and red blood cells (RBCs) at whole blood concentrations, opening new possibilities for diverse applications involving cell manipulation with high throughput. The device is made of patterned SU-8 photoresist that is lithographically defined on the wafer scale with a new proposed methodology. The blood cells are initially focused and subsequently separated by an acoustic radiation force (ARF) applied through standing SAWs (SSAWs). By means of flow cytometric analysis, the PLT concentration factor was found to be 7.7, and it was proven that the PLTs maintain their initial state. A substantially higher cell throughput and considerably lower applied powers than comparable devices from literature were achieved. In addition, fully coupled 3D numerical simulations based on SAW wave field measurements were carried out to anticipate the coupling of the wave field into the fluid, and to obtain the resulting pressure field. A comparison to the acoustically simpler case of PDMS channel walls is given. The simulated results show an ideal match to the experimental observations and offer the first insights into the acoustic behavior of SU-8 as channel wall material. The proposed device is compatible with current (Lab-on-a-Chip) microfabrication techniques allowing for mass-scale, reproducible chip manufacturing which is crucial to push the technology from lab-based to real-world applications.
Universal Numerical Encoder and Profiler Reduces Computing's Memory Wall with Software, FPGA, and SoC Implementations (2013)

Summary form only given. Numerical computations have accelerated significantly since 2005 thanks to two complementary, silicon-enabled trends: multi-core processing and single instruction, multiple data (SIMD) accelerators. Unfortunately, due to fundamental limitations of physics, these two trends could not be accompanied by a corresponding increase in memory, storage, and I/O bandwidth. High-performance computing (HPC) is the proverbial “canary in the coal mine” of multi-core processing. When HPC hits a multi-core will likely encounter a similar limit in few years. We describe the computationally efficient (Fig 1b) and adaptive APplication AXceleration (APAX) numerical encoding method to reduce the memory wall for integers and floating-point operands. APAX achieves encoding rates between 3:1 and 10:1 without changing the dataset's statistical or spectral characteristics. APAX encoding takes advantage of three characteristics of all numerical sequences: peak-to-average ratio, oversampling, and effective number of bits (ENOB). Uncertainty quantification and spectral methods quantify the degree of uncertainty (accuracy) in numerical datasets. APAX profiler creates a rate-correlation graph with recommended operating signals, and fundamental limit, consumer point, provides 18 quantitative metrics comparing the original and decoded displays input and residual spectra with a residual histogram. On 24 integer and floating-point HPC datasets taken from climate, multi-physics, and seismic simulations, APAX averaged 7.95:1 encoding ratio at a Pearson's correlation coefficient of 0. 999948, and a spectral margin (input spectrum min - residual spectrum mean) of 24 dB. HPC scientists confirmed that APAX did not change HPC simulation results DRAM and disk transfers by 8x, accelerating HPC “time to results” by 20% while reducing to 50%.
Age-Dependent Effect of Pediatric Cardiac Progenitor Cells After Juvenile Heart Failure (2016)

Stem cell therapy for children with congenital heart defects is moving forward, with several completed and ongoing clinical trials. Although there are studies showing how children differ from adults, few focus on the differences among children. This study using human cardiac progenitor cells shows age-related changes in the reparative ability of cells in a model of pediatric heart failure and uses computational and systems biology to elucidate potential mechanisms.
Gene-specific oligonucleotide probes for alpha, mu, pi, and microsomal rat glutathione S-transferases: analysis of liver transferase expression and its modulation by hepatic enzyme inducers and platinum anticancer drugs. (1992)

Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) play an important role in the detoxification of diverse electrophilic chemicals, including anticancer drugs. Gene-specific oligonucleotide probes were developed to monitor the expression of individual GST mRNAs in livers of adult male rats treated with drugs and other chemical modulators of GST expression. Northern blot analysis of total liver RNA using probes specific for individual GSTs belonging to classes alpha (GSTs Ya1, Ya2, Yc), mu (GSTs Yb1, Yb2, Yb3), pi (GST Yp), and GSTms demonstrated the expression in liver of all but Yp mRNA. Kidney GST expression was at least as high as that in liver for GSTs Ya1, Yc, and Yp, while it was substantially lower but still detectable for GSTs Ya2, Yb2, and GSTms. Several of the liver GST class alpha mRNAs, in particular Ya2, were inducible by pretreatment of rats with phenobarbital or isosafrole. In contrast, dexamethasone preferentially induced Yb1, Yb2, and Ya2, while two other inducers of liver drug metabolism, isoniazid and clofibrate, were less effective with respect to GST induction. GSTms mRNA was induced to a small extent or not at all by the agents tested. Treatment of adult male rats with the anticancer drug cisplatin increased liver expression of GST Yc mRNA and suppressed Ya1 mRNA levels with little or no major effect on several other GST mRNAs. Western blot analysis of liver cytosols prepared from the cisplatin-treated rats revealed corresponding changes in GST Yc and Ya protein levels. Comparable changes in liver GST Ya1 and Yc expression were effected by the cisplatin analogue iproplatin but not by carboplatin or transplatin. This pattern of response to these platinum drugs is comparable to that seen with respect to platinum drug-induced gonadal toxicity and modulation of liver cytochrome P450 expression, suggesting a common mechanistic basis for these diverse effects of platinum anticancer drugs on hepatic enzymes of drug metabolism. Together, these studies demonstrate the utility of oligonucleotide probes for phenotyping liver tissue for the expression of GST enzymes that can contribute to anticancer drug metabolism and resistance. They also raise the possibility of drug-drug interactions involving cisplatin and alkylating agent anticancer drugs that can be metabolized in liver by alpha-class GSTs.
Current Sensor Offset and Motor Parameter Variations Estimation Method for PM Motor by Using Current Simulator (2010)

The servo system of a PM motor is required to have a fine torque response and fine speed response. The current controller of the PM motor should have a fine current response. However, when the current sensors of the U phase and V phase have offset values, the servo system of the PM motor shows a torque ripple and cannot accurately identify motor parameters such as the motor resistance Ra and motor inductance La. In order to overcome these problems, this paper proposes a new method for the fine estimation and automatic adjustment of current sensor offsets and the electrical parameters of the PM motor. The proposed method involves the use of a real-time algorithm and a current simulator, which is operated using a DSP software system. The experimental results of this study confirm that the proposed method satisfactorily estimates the offsets of the current of sensors of theU phase and V phase, Ra, and La accurately; the method also helps in the fine self-tuning of the current controller of the servo system.
A 1.3-μm Lens-Integrated Horizontal-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser with Direct and Highly Efficient Coupling to Optical Fibers (2009)

A novel 1.3-μm surface-emitting laser integrated with a monolithic InP bulk lens was demonstrated. The laser achieved very narrow far-field angles of around 2° leading to a −2.7 dB direct coupling to a single-mode fiber.
Inhibition of 2,3-oxidosqualene: β-amyrin-cyclase, S-adenosyl-l-methionine: cycloartenol C-24-methyltransferase and cycloeucalenol: obtusifoliol isomerase by rationally designed molecules containing a tertiary amine function (1983)

25-Azacycloartanol (I), 2-aza-2-dihydrosqualene (II) and Tridemorph (2,6-dimethyl-N-tridecylmorpholine) (III) are potent inhibitors of higher plant sterol biosynthesis. The first two molecules have been designed using rational enzymological concepts. I, II and III were shown to inhibit the S-adenosyl-L-methionine: cycloartenol C-24-methyltransferase, the 2,3-oxidosqualene: beta-amyrin-cyclase and the cycloeucalenol: obtusifoliol isomerase, respectively. Inhibition was demonstrated either in vivo on bramble cell suspensions or in vitro on microsomes from maize seedlings. Each inhibitor has been shown to have a high affinity for its presumed enzymic target and only negligible inhibitory action on the other two enzymes. The applications of these results to further physiological studies are discussed.
GaAs-AlAs Monolithic Microresonator Arrays (1987)

Miniaturization of optical logic devices has long been considered to be a key to minimizing their energy requirements but was also considered difficult to achieve<sup>l-4</sup> .. We demonstrate a straightforward technique for fabricating arrays of GaAs,&apos;&quot;Fabry-Perot etalon devices (microrronators) as small as 1.5 &mu;m in diameter. The growth of integrated GaAs-AlAs nonlinear etalons by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) offers much improved manufacturability and uniformity over previous fabrication techniques From From the sample of reference&apos; 5 we have formed close-packed arrays of monolithic &quot;posts&quot; or microresonators 1.5- 5 &mu;m across by ion-beam assisted etching and have performed optical NOR/OR gating experiments on them using picosecond. pump and probe pulses. These microresonators represent a qualitative advance over the GaAs devices reported by Lee et al .8. In that work peels 9x 9 &mu;m square were formed in the active material only, and then sandwiched between dielectric mirrors in the usual way Growth of integrated devices by &apos;epitaxial. techniques such as MBE allows us to etch right through both mirrors and the active material. This is critical since in an optimized nonlinear etalon the dielectric mirrors comprise most of the total thickness. The lateral optical confi.nement in these waveguidiv ttructures allows efficient operation with diameters as small as one can focus the light. Elimination of carrier diffusion. &quot;1 out of the devices permits very close spacig. Reduction of energy requirements is expected d e to the decreased volume of interaction. Finally, surface recombination &quot;.&apos; on the aidewalla of the microresonators should produce fast relaxation times. Our experiments show more than an order of magnitude reducion in energy requirements, essentially uniform response over small arrays, practically no crosstalk with 3-&mu;m center-center ,spacing, 150 ps full recovery time, and thermal stability at 82 Mllz operating frequency.
Improved Syntheses of Epristeride, a Potent Human 5.alpha.-Reductase Inhibitor (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTImproved Syntheses of Epristeride, a Potent Human 5.alpha.-Reductase InhibitorNeil H. Baine, Franklin F. Owings, Donald N. Kline, Theodore Resnick, Li-Jen Ping, Margaret Fox, Richard E. Mewshaw, Ann M. Tickner, and Conrad J. KowalskiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 20, 5987–5989Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00099a031https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00099a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views163Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Comparison of 5 MeV proton and 1 MeV electron irradiation on silicon NPN rf power transistors (2018)

The total dose effects of 5 MeV protons and 1 MeV electrons on the dc electrical characteristics of silicon NPN transistors have been investigated in the dose range from 1 Mrad(Si) to 100 Mrad(Si). The different electrical characteristics such as Gummel characteristics, excess base current (IB), dc current gain (hFE), transconductance (gm) and output characteristics have been studied in situ as a function of total dose. A considerable increase in base current (IB) and a decrease in hFE, gm and ICSat have been observed after 5 MeV proton and 1 MeV electron irradiation. The results show that there is more degradation in the I-V characteristics of 5 MeV proton irradiated devices when compared to 1 MeV electron irradiation. The degradation in the observed electrical characteristics of the transistors is mainly due to generation-recombination (G-R) centers created in emitter–base (E-B) spacer oxide (SiO2) and displacement damage in the bulk of the transistor structure. In addition to G-R centers, high energy protons can also create various types of defects in the transistor structure.