gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Power reduction in digital systems through local resonant clocking and dynamic threshold MOS. (2005)

Growing power dissipation and clock instability are resisting the continued scaling of high-performance microprocessors. Power dissipation currently exceeds 100 W, even after incorporating power reduction techniques (such as clock gating and dynamic voltage and frequency scaling) once implemented solely in low-power microprocessors. In high-performance microprocessors, about 20-25% of power is dissipated in the last latch stage of the clock distribution, about 5% in the global clock distribution, and another 50% in the logic switching. Jitter, a clock instability measurement, is becoming a larger percent of the clock period; it increased from 3% to 5% of the clock cycle from IBM's POWER4 to its POWER5 microprocessors. The added buffering and de-skew logic needed to distribute the clock, and the shorter clock period, caused the increase. Local resonant clocking and Dynamic-Threshold MOS (DTMOS) are methods proposed to reduce clock power dissipation and fitter, and logic switching power, respectively. In this local resonant clock, the global clock distribution is replaced by a harmonic oscillator, whose capacitance is composed of the local parasitic clock distribution. Clock energy resonates between the capacitance of the local clock distribution and the inductors of the harmonic oscillator, providing a combined clock generation and distribution with low-jitter and low-power. In this work, the theory of local resonant clocking is developed including its sources of instability. Using off-chip inductors, a small 140-MHz local resonant clock was built and tested in an IBM 0.13-mum Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI) technology. Measurements show it dissipates 8% less power than a comparable traditional distribution at an equivalent frequency. Its best-case period jitter, with random data switching through the circuits in the clock load, is 42 ps, compared to 104 ps in the traditional distribution. Based on my results, additional studies of skew management and synchronization of multiple clock domains are warranted; several local resonant clocks would be needed to cover the clock distribution of a microprocessor. In DTMOS, the body of the SOI transistor is dynamically controlled during circuit operation, providing low leakage when the transistor is off, and high current when it is on. Simulations and measurements of implemented circuits, using 0.13 gm SOI, demonstrate that DTMOS can be faster and more energy efficient than CMOS under combinations of the following conditions: <italic>V<sub>dd </sub></italic> < 0.8 V, 0.5 < <italic>V<sub>bs</sub></italic> < 0.7 V, the transistor width is greater than 20x minimum, there are large capacitive loads, and high fan-in. This dissertation demonstrates that local resonant clocking and DTMOS should be considered as tools for reducing power and improving clock stability in VLSI systems.
Sequential targeting of interferon pathways for increased host resistance to bacterial superinfection during influenza (2021)

Bacterial co-infections represent a major clinical complication of influenza. Host-derived interferon (IFN) increases susceptibility to bacterial infections following influenza, but the relative roles of type-I versus type-II IFN remain poorly understood. We have used novel mouse models of co-infection in which colonizing pneumococci were inoculated into the upper respiratory tract; subsequent sublethal influenza virus infection caused the bacteria to enter the lungs and mediate lethal disease. Compared to wild-type mice or mice deficient in only one pathway, mice lacking both IFN pathways demonstrated the least amount of lung tissue damage and mortality following pneumococcal-influenza virus superinfection. Therapeutic neutralization of both type-I and type-II IFN pathways similarly provided optimal protection to co-infected wild-type mice. The most effective treatment regimen was staggered neutralization of the type-I IFN pathway early during co-infection combined with later neutralization of type-II IFN, which was consistent with the expression and reported activities of these IFNs during superinfection. These results are the first to directly compare the activities of type-I and type-II IFN during superinfection and provide new insights into potential host-directed targets for treatment of secondary bacterial infections during influenza.
Electromechanical cardioplasty using a wrapped elasto-conductive epicardial mesh (2016)

Heart failure remains a major public health concern with a 5-year mortality rate higher than that of most cancers. Myocardial disease in heart failure is frequently accompanied by impairment of the specialized electrical conduction system and myocardium. We introduce an epicardial mesh made of electrically conductive and mechanically elastic material, to resemble the innate cardiac tissue and confer cardiac conduction system function, to enable electromechanical cardioplasty. Our epicardium-like substrate mechanically integrated with the heart and acted as a structural element of cardiac chambers. The epicardial device was designed with elastic properties nearly identical to the epicardial tissue itself and was able to detect electrical signals reliably on the moving rat heart without impeding diastolic function 8 weeks after induced myocardial infarction. Synchronized electrical stimulation over the ventricles by the epicardial mesh with the high conductivity of 11,210 S/cm shortened total ventricular activation time, reduced inherent wall stress, and improved several measures of systolic function including increases of 51% in fractional shortening, ~90% in radial strain, and 42% in contractility. The epicardial mesh was also capable of delivering an electrical shock to terminate a ventricular tachyarrhythmia in rodents. Electromechanical cardioplasty using an epicardial mesh is a new pathway toward reconstruction of the cardiac tissue and its specialized functions.
Influence of BCG vaccine strain on the immune response and protection against tuberculosis (2008)

The Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine has been used for more than 80 years to protect against tuberculosis. Worldwide, over 90% of children are immunized with BCG, making it the most commonly administered vaccine, with more than 120 million doses used each year. Although new tuberculosis vaccines are under investigation, BCG will remain the cornerstone of the strategy to fight the worsening tuberculosis pandemic for the foreseeable future. The recent delineation of genetic differences between BCG vaccine strains has renewed interest in the influence of the vaccine strain on the protective efficacy against tuberculosis. This review critically examines the data from animal and human studies comparing BCG vaccine strains. Although there is good evidence to support the notion that the induced immune response and protection afforded against tuberculosis differs between BCG vaccine strains, currently, there are insufficient data to favour or recommend one particular strain. Identifying BCG strains with superior protection would have a dramatic effect on tuberculosis control at a population level: a small increment in protection provided by BCG immunization will prevent large numbers of cases of severe tuberculosis and deaths, particularly in children.
In-plane diffraction loss free optical cavity using coated optical fiber and silicon micromachined spherical mirror (2013)

Light trapping in optical cavities has many applications in optical telecommunications, biomedical optics, atomic studies, and chemical analysis. Efficient optical coupling in these cavities is an important engineering problem that affects greatly the cavity performance. One interesting way to form an optical cavity, while simultaneously connected to the rest of the optical systems, is to use an optical fiber surface as one of the cavity mirrors while the second mirror is fabricated by MEMS technology. In this way, cavity tuning with a MEMS actuator is a simple achievable task with low cost in mass production. The main problem in this solution is the high diffraction loss associated with the small spot size at the output of the standard single-mode fiber (SMF). Diffraction loss in the cavity is usually overcome by using an expensive lensed fiber or by inserting a coated lens in the cavity leading to a long cavity with small free spectral range (FSR). In this work, we report a Fabry-Perot cavity formed by a multilayer-coated cleaved-surface SMF inserted into a grove while facing a spherical micromirror; both are fabricated by silicon micromachining. The light is trapped inside the cavity while propagating in-plane of the wafer substrate. The light is injected in and collected from a Corning SMF-28 optical fiber with a coated surface reflectivity of about 98% at 1330 nm (O-band). The silicon mirror surface is aluminum metalized with a reflectivity of about 92%. The measured cavity has a line width of 0.45 nm around 1330 nm with a FSR of 26 nm. The obtained results indicate an almost diffraction-loss free optical cavity with a quality factor close to 3000, limited by the optical surfaces reflectivity that can be improved in future by an optimized mirror fabrication process and better matching of the fiber multilayer coating.
Wnt signaling in triple negative breast cancer is associated with metastasis (2013)

These data implicate transcriptional Wnt signaling as a hallmark of TNBC disease associated with specific metastatic pathways.
ChildAR-bot (2018)

Children encounter a variety of experiences through play, which can improve their ability to form ideas and undergo multi-faceted development. Using Augmented Reality (AR) technology to integrate various digital learning elements with real environments can lead to increased learning ability. This study proposes a 360° rotatable and portable system specialized for education and development through projection-based AR play. This system allows existing projection-based AR technology, which once could only be experienced at large-scale exhibitions and experience centers, to be used in individual and small-scale spaces. It also promotes the development of multi-sensory abilities through a multi-modality which provides various intuitive and sensory interactions. By experiencing the various educational play applications provided by the proposed system, children can increase their physical, perceptive, and emotional abilities and thinking skills.
An Unusual Copper Catalyzed Iodine Mediated Aziridination of Olefins with the Direct Use ofp‐Toluenesulphonamide (2005)

Abstract p‐Toluenesulphonamide/I2 was found to be an efficient system for the copper catalyzed aziridination of olefins in good yields under very mild conditions.
Comparison of cardiac involvement, extracardiac manifestations and outcomes between homozygote and heterozygote transthyretin p.Val142Ile (V122I) variant in patients with hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis: a cohort study (2023)

This rare, homozygous V122I cohort confirmed the earlier age of onset, death and cardiac events in this population.
An overview of the X toolkit (1988)

The X11 Window System defines a network protocol [6] for communication between a graphics server and an application. The X library [3] provides a procedural interface to the protocol.
Session details: Session order 11: non-blocking data structures session (2014)

No abstract available.
Automatic exclusion of papillary muscles and trabeculae from blood volume measurements in cine cardiac magnetic resonance images (2006)

&lt;p&gt;Short axis cine cardiac magnetic resonance is used for measuring ventricular blood volumes. Papillary muscles and trabeculae should be excluded from these volumes, despite being included by delineations that allow measurements of wall thickness. We have developed and evaluated three methods that automatically exclude the papillary muscles and trabeculae from the blood volume by classifying the interior grey values of the endocardial contours to estimate corrected areas for summation with Simpson's Rule. Classification is performed using thresholding, hard clipping and error-function clipping, respectively. An evaluation of our methods on 69 clinical data sets showed that our methods provide significantly different results for the end diastolic volume, the end systolic volume, the stroke volume and the ejection fraction, with respect to conventional methods. Furthermore, the difference between our methods was found to be not significant.&lt;/p&gt;
Preparation and Characterization of Eu-Magadiite Intercalation Compounds (2002)

Abstract The intercalation of europium ions (Eu 3+ ) into the interlayer space of a layered silicate, magadiite, was conducted by ion-exchange reactions between magadiite and europium(III) chloride. X-ray diffraction and elemental analysis results indicated that Eu 3+ cations were intercalated into the interlayer space of magadiite. The ion exchange between Eu 3+ and Na + occurred preferentially so that the adsorbed Eu 3+ amounts were controlled quantitatively. Thermal transformation of the original layered structure was suppressed by the intercalation of Eu 3+ . The resulting intercalation compounds exhibited photoluminescence arising from the intercalated Eu 3+ . The luminescence intensity varied in accordance with the amount of Eu 3+ absorbed, suggesting that the self-quenching occurred at higher loading levels. The luminescence intensity was also changed by the heat treatment, corresponding to the change in the surroundings of the Eu 3+ adsorbed, induced by the removal of the adsorbed water molecules and the hydroxyl groups of the silicate.
The role of cytokine DNAs as vaccine adjuvants for optimizing cellular immune responses (2004)

Cytokines represent a diverse group of immunologic effector and regulatory proteins that are critical components of the host response to invading pathogens. They have also been utilized as adjuvants to enhance immune responses to vaccines. In particular, plasmid cytokines have been studied extensively as candidate adjuvants for DNA vaccines in preclinical models and are now entering early-phase clinical trials. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of cytokine biology, T-lymphocyte differentiation, and potential applications of plasmid cytokines in the rational design of improved vaccines.
Boosting for transfer learning with multiple sources (2010)

Transfer learning allows leveraging the knowledge of source domains, available a priori, to help training a classifier for a target domain, where the available data is scarce. The effectiveness of the transfer is affected by the relationship between source and target. Rather than improving the learning, brute force leveraging of a source poorly related to the target may decrease the classifier performance. One strategy to reduce this negative transfer is to import knowledge from multiple sources to increase the chance of finding one source closely related to the target. This work extends the boosting framework for transferring knowledge from multiple sources. Two new algorithms, MultiSource-TrAdaBoost, and TaskTrAdaBoost, are introduced, analyzed, and applied for object category recognition and specific object detection. The experiments demonstrate their improved performance by greatly reducing the negative transfer as the number of sources increases. TaskTrAdaBoost is a fast algorithm enabling rapid retraining over new targets.
Transcriptional analysis of the Streptomyces glaucescens tetracenomycin C biosynthesis gene cluster (1993)

A 12.6-kb DNA fragment from Streptomyces glaucescens GLA.0 containing the 12 genes for tetracenomycin (TCM) C biosynthesis and resistance enabled Streptomyces lividans to produce TCM C. Transcriptional analysis of the tcmPG intergenic region in this cluster established the presence of two divergent promoters. The tcmIc mutation, a T-to-G transversion in the -10 region of the tcmG promoter, decreased promoter activity drastically at the stationary growth stage and time of maximum TCM C accumulation. This promoter may direct the transcription of a tcmGHIJKLMNO operon, while the other promoter is for tcmP.
Spontaneously Acquired Anti-Factor VIII Antibodies: Report of a Patient with Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate (1984)

Anti-factor VIII antibodies, inherited or acquired inhibitors of the factor VIII molecule, have not been reported previously in the urological literature. Although more common in hemophiliac patients who have received multiple transfusions, this anticoagulant may be the cause of severe hemorrhage in nonhemophiliac patients. We describe a patient with carcinoma of the prostate and an unsuspected anti-factor VIII antibody, who experienced excessive postoperative bleeding and prolonged hospitalization following a vesicolithotomy and bilateral orchiectomy. A prolonged partial thromboplastin time and a significant decrease in measurable factor VIII clotting activity in a patient with no history of bleeding problems are essential clues in making the diagnosis of a factor VIII inhibitor. This coagulation defect is treated best with prothrombin complex concentrates, which contain vitamin K dependent clotting factors.
CMOS-photonic &#x201C;macrochip&#x201D; packaging (2010)

Two novel packaging technologies have been developed to serve as essential building blocks for construction of a photonically interconnected large-chip array. Ultralow parasitic microsolder interconnections (on the order of 100 mOhm/bump and 25 fF/bump) allow combination of best-in-class chips, which may be built on different technology platforms, and CMOS compatible ball-in-etch-pit structures provide a non-permanent passive selfaligning mechanism for highly accurate componentto-component placement.
642 Effects of Ustekinumab Maintenance Therapy on Endoscopic Improvement and Histologic Improvement in the UNIFI Phase 3 Study in Ulcerative Colitis (2019)

INTRODUCTION: Ustekinumab (UST) is an effective therapy for moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis (UC), but its effects on mucosal healing (endoscopic improvement + histologic improvement) during maintenance treatment are unknown. METHODS: We evaluated the effects of maintenance UST on histologic and endoscopic activity in the UNIFI Phase 3 study of UST in moderate-to-severe UC (n = 961). Pts in response 8 weeks after receiving intravenous UST were randomized to receive maintenance treatment with subcutaneous (SC) placebo or UST 90 mg every 8 (q8w) or 12 weeks (q12w). Two colonic biopsies were collected from the distal colon at screening and Weeks 0 and 44 of maintenance. Endoscopic improvement (EI) was defined as a Mayo endoscopy subscore &lt;1; histologic improvement (HI) comprised the following Geboes score-based criteria: absence of erosions or ulcerations, absence of crypt destruction, and &lt;5% of crypts with neutrophil infiltration. To encompass both macro- and microscopic scales, histo-endoscopic mucosal healing (MH) was defined as achieving both EI and HI. RESULTS: At maintenance Week 44, EI was achieved in 28.6%, 43.6%, and 51.1% of pts treated with placebo, UST q12w ( P = 0.002 vs placebo), and UST q8w ( P &lt; 0.001), respectively. HI was achieved at Week 44 in 32.9%, 54.0%, and 59.3% of pts treated with placebo, UST q12w, and UST q8w, respectively ( P &lt; 0.001 for both q12w and q8w). MH was achieved at Week 44 in 24.1%, 38.8%, and 45.9% of pts treated with placebo, UST q12w ( P = 0.002), and UST q8w ( P 0.001), respectively. HI at Week 44 (irrespective of maintenance treatment) was significantly associated with EI and MH ( P &lt; 0.001) and with both lower absolute levels and larger post-treatment changes in total Mayo score, partial Mayo score, and Mayo symptom sub-scores for stool frequency and rectal bleeding at Week 44. Both EI and HI following 8 weeks of UST treatment were associated with clinical remission and steroid-free clinical remission at Week 44 ( P &lt; 0.05), as well as remission through Week 44 (i.e., at both Week 8 and Week 44). For example, 26% of pts with induction HI were in clinical remission through Week 44, versus 4% of pts without induction HI. Induction MH was similarly associated with positive outcomes at maintenance Week 44. CONCLUSION: Among pts with moderately-to-severely active UC, those receiving SC UST maintenance had higher rates of EI, HI, and MH than those receiving placebo. Both EI and HI are associated with subsequent clinical remission and steroid-free clinical remission.
An analysis of reaction pathways for proton tunnelling in methylamine dehydrogenase (2006)

Computational methods have now become a valuable tool to understand the way in which enzymes catalyse chemical reactions and to aid the interpretation of a diverse set of experimental data. This study focuses on the influence of the condensed-phase environment structure on proton transfer mechanisms, with an aim to understand how C-H bond cleavage is mediated in enzymatic reactions. We shall use a combination of molecular simulation, ab initio or semi-empirical quantum chemistry and semi-classical multidimensional tunnelling methods to consider the primary kinetic isotope effects of the enzyme methylamine dehydrogenase (MADH), with reference to an analogous application to triosephosphate isomerase. Analysis of potentially reactive conformations of the system, and correlation with experimental isotope effects, have highlighted that a quantum tunnelling mechanism in MADH may be modulated by specific amino acid residues, such as Asp428, Thr474 and Asp384.
Probing the surface chemical structure of some novel poly(ortho esters) prepared with N‐methyl and N‐phenyl ethanolamine by time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS) (1992)

Abstract The surface chemical structures of a series of novel poly(ortho ester) homopolymer and copolymer films prepared using N‐methyl‐ and N‐phenyl‐ethanolamine (MDE and PDE) have been investigated using time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS). Systematic fragmentation patterns were observed within the ToF‐SIMS spectra up to m/z = 1600, which were readily interpreted in terms of the polymer structures. Cations were detected which could be assigned to structures arising from the diols, the ortho ester species and diads, triads etc. of the monomer, from both the homopolymer and the random portion of the copolymer chains. The analysis of the proposed ion structures suggested two major mechanisms of fragmentation based on the cleavage of the ortho ester bonds involving either the exocyclic or the endocyclic alkoxy group. The Tof‐SIMS peak area ratios for ions diagnostic of the diols and the ortho ester species reflected the bulk copolymer composition in a semi‐quantitative fashion. The observation of such relationships for high mass cations (up to m/z = 500) is particularly noteworthy and has not been reported previously. These studies allow a dramatic insight into the surface chemical structure of these poly(ortho esters), information which has formed the foundation of current investigations on the mechanisms of the acid‐catalysed surface degradation of these polymers.
Algorithms for CRT-variant of Approximate Greatest Common Divisor Problem (2020)

The approximate greatest common divisor problem (ACD) and its variants have been used to construct many cryptographic primitives. In particular, the variants of the ACD problem based on Chinese remainder theorem (CRT) are being used in the constructions of a batch fully homomorphic encryption to encrypt multiple messages in one ciphertext. Despite the utility of the CRT-variant scheme, the algorithms that secures its security foundation have not been probed well enough.