gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hypothalamic Spexin and Galanin Receptor 2 Are Novel Regulators of Energy Balance in Mice (2018)

Spexin is a novel neuropeptide discovered by bioinformatics and has been proposed as a regulator of energy balance. However, its precise role and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of spexin and its receptor, galanin receptor 2 (GALR2), in regulation of energy balance in the mediobasal hypothalamus of mice. Administration of spexin into the third ventricle near the hypothalamus (I3V) significantly decreased food intake and body weight with no change in energy expenditure in mice. The central spexin-induced anorexia and weight loss were reinstated by pre-I3V administration of GALR2 antagonist, M871, indicating hypothalamic GALR2-mediated action of spexin in the regulation of energy balance. In addition, we showed that I3V administration of spexin-based selective GALR2 agonist significantly reduced food intake and body weight in a dose-dependent manner with no signs of illness assessed by a conditioned taste aversion test, suggesting a novel role of hypothalamic GALR2 in the regulation of energy balance. Furthermore, we found that activation of GALR2 induced by spexin increased phosphorylation of CREB in the mediobasal hypothalamus of mice and cells overexpressing GALR2 different from galanin, suggesting a ligand-dependent switch of G protein coupled with GALR2. Taken together, these results suggested a critical role of hypothalamic spexin and GALR2 in the regulation of energy balance in mice. Disclosure N. Ha: None. N. Kim: None. C. Kim: None. M. Song: None. H. Lee: None. B. Jin: None. M. Park: None. J. Seong: None. S. Kim: None. D. Kim: None.
Et3N-Induced Demethylation−Annulation of 3-Alkynyl-4-methoxy-2-pyridones and Structurally Related Compounds in the Synthesis of Furan-Fused Heterocycles (2008)

Various 3-iodo-4-methoxypyridin-2-ones and related pyrone and coumarin derivatives have been demonstrated as readily available precursors of 2-substituted furan-fused heterocycles by means of in situ sequential Sonogashira-acetylide coupling, dealkylation, and regioselective furan annulation reactions. A Et3N-induced S(N)2 process has been established that accounts for the dealkylation process.
Applying adaptive optics to three-dimensional wide-field microscopy (2008)

Depth aberrations are a major source of image degradation in three-dimensional microscopy, causing a significant loss of resolution and intensity deep into the sample. These aberrations occur because of an inevitable mismatch between the sample refractive index and the immersion medium index. We have built a wide-field fluorescence microscope that incorporates a large-throw deformable mirror to correct for depth aberrations in 3D imaging. We demonstrate a corrected point spread function imaging beads in water with an oil immersion lens and a twofold improvement in peak signal intensity. We apply this new microscope to imaging biological samples, and show sharper images and improved deconvolution.
Sol-Gel Composite AR Coating For IR Applications (DIV-method) (2013)

A method of forming composite anti-reflective (AR) sol gel-derived coatings includes a first chalcogenide compound sol and forming a second chalcogenide compound sol. The first and second sol are mixed to form a mixed sol. The mixed sol is thermally treated at a maximum temperature of no more than 100 degrees C for (i) drying the mixed sol to form a composite gel and (ii) removing OH species from the composite gel to form a highly amorphous state AR coating.
Sympathetic nervous system activity in stress and biofeedback relaxation (2005)

This article describes several studies on the measurement of slow rhythms in the heart and in peripheral vasculature and their relationship to stress and relaxation. These studies are preliminary steps in an attempt to quantify stress and relaxation. Mental stress is a major, well-documented factor in the development of cardiovascular diseases; relaxation, however, is perceived as the opposite state, which, presumably, can negate these harmful effects. To compare the effects of stress-management or relaxation techniques, stress and relaxation must be first quantified. Three methods for quantifying sympathetic activity as an indicator of stress were analyzed. These are heart-rate variability (HRV), photoplethysmographic measurement of peripheral vasomotor activity, and a novel measurement of skin temperature variability. The study showed that due to "low pass filtering response" of the thermal-transfer function between the blood vessel and the skin's temperature, the temperature-variability measurement is minimally sensitive to mechanical factors or accidental noise. Therefore, the temperature variability could be useful for the continuous tracking of vascular activity and its sympathetic tone. Tracking changes in the pressure-wave envelope (PV) provides another alternative for studying sympathetic nervous system (SNS) effects on peripheral vasculature. A drastic reduction in PV and a loss of correlation between temperature variability on the left and right hand confirm the predominant role of SNS in mediating these signals. Functional responses of these signals to SNS-stimulating (mental stress) or blocking (biofeedback) maneuvers are perturbed in patients with CAD (coronary artery disease), suggesting that these tests could be used as simple diagnostic or screening tools.
Genetic loss of Gas6 induces plaque stability in experimental atherosclerosis (2008)

The growth arrest-specific gene 6 (Gas6) plays a role in pro-atherogenic processes such as endothelial and leukocyte activation, smooth muscle cell migration and thrombosis, but its role in atherosclerosis remains uninvestigated. Here, we report that Gas6 is expressed in all stages of human and mouse atherosclerosis, in plaque endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and macrophages. Gas6 expression is most abundant in lesions containing high amounts of macrophages, ie thin fibrous cap atheroma and ruptured plaque. Genetic loss of Gas6 does not affect the number and size of initial and advanced plaques in ApoE(-/-) mice, but alters its plaque composition. Compared to Gas6(+/+): ApoE(-/-) mice, initial and advanced plaques of Gas6(-/-): ApoE(-/-) mice contained more smooth muscle cells and more collagen and developed smaller lipid cores, while the expression of TGFbeta was increased. In addition, fewer macrophages were found in advanced plaques of Gas6(-/-): ApoE(-/-) mice. Hence, loss of Gas6 promotes the formation of more stable atherosclerotic lesions by increasing plaque fibrosis and by attenuating plaque inflammation. These findings identify a role for Gas6 in plaque composition and stability.
UNCEMENTED HIGHLY POROUS TANTALUM ACETABULAR COMPONENTS: WHAT IS THE RISK OF FAILURE TEN YEARS AFTER REVISION TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY? (2018)

Highly porous tantalum cups have been used in complex acetabular revisions for nearly 20 years but reports of long term results are limited. This study was designed to report ten year results of re...
CARP-1 functional mimetics are novel inhibitors of drug-resistant triple negative breast cancers (2016)

Doxorubicin and Cisplatin are the frontline therapeutics for treatment of the triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs). Emergence of drug-resistance often contributes to failure of drugs and poor prognosis, and thus necessitates development of new and improved modalities to treat TNBCs. We generated and characterized chemotherapy-resistant TNBC cells following their culture in chronic presence of Doxorubicin or Cisplatin, and tested whether their viabilities were inhibited by a novel class of CARP- 1 functional mimetic (CFM) compounds. Analogs of parent compound CFM-4 were obtained through structure-activity based medicinal chemistry studies. CFM-4.16, a novel analog of CFM-4, caused superior inhibition of viability of TNBC cells when used in combination with doxorubicin. Doxorubicin and cisplatin inhibited viabilities of parental cells with GI50 dose of 0.02-0.1 μM and 1.65 μM, respectively. The GI50 dose of doxorubicin for doxorubicin-resistant TNBC cells was ≥ 10.0 μM. For Cisplatin-resistant cells, the GI50 dose of Cisplatin was ≥ 6-15.0 μM for MDA-MB-468 sublines and ≥ 150.0 μM for MDA-MB-231 sublines. CFM-4.16 inhibited viability of chemotherapy-resistant TNBC cells, in part by inhibiting oncogenic cMet activation and expression, stimulating CARP-1 expression, caspase-8 cleavage and apoptosis. CFM-4.16 pretreatment enhanced anti-TNBC efficacies of inhibitors of cMET (Tevatinib) or cSrc (Dasatinib). CFM-4.16 suppressed growth of resistant TNBC cells in soft agar as well as in three-dimensional suspension cultures derived from enriched, stem-like cells. Finally, a nanolipid formulation of CFM-4.16 in combination with doxorubicin had superior efficacy in inhibiting TNBC xenograft growth. Our findings collectively demonstrate therapeutic potential of CFM-4.16 for parental and drug-resistant TNBCs.
Improved Self-Sensing Estimation Accuracy and System Bandwidth via Negative Sequence Image Tracking (2019)

Image tracking self-sensing can improve estimation accuracy by considering all system level effects and increase system bandwidths by reducing the number of filters required in demodulation. In state-of-the-art heterodyning demodulation low-pass filters are used to remove noise from the position estimate and present a known limitation to achievable system bandwidths. In contrast, the time series of the position dependent negative sequence current response to a high frequency rotating voltage in the stationary frame can be registered with a known current response template to accurately estimate the rotor position directly. By tracking multiple current samples within an image, the need for low pass filtering the results is removed and higher system bandwidths are achievable. This method is applicable to all salient motor types and has been developed for servo motors which require low cogging and ripple torque and as a result, have low saliency ratios. The resulting dynamic performance is evaluated in a full system, is compared to heterodyning demodulation, and demonstrates improvements to estimation accuracy as well as achievable system bandwidths.
Morphology and Surface Analysis of Pure and Doped Cuboidal Ceria Nanoparticles (2013)

Cuboidal nanoparticles of ceria are examined by high resolution imaging and analysis to explore their local morphology of faces, edges, and corners. Synthesized with and without Sm doping using a hydrothermal process, we find a high fraction of particles enclosed by {100} facets, which are normally energy-penalized compared to octahedral {111} facets. Electron tomography conducted at high magnification with lattice resolved imaging is combined with electron energy loss spectroscopy revealing oxidation states of Ce ions. It is found that extended {100} faces exist predominantly without local nanofaceting, except for {111} corner caps and subfacets on {110} edges. Reduced Ce is found on all {100} surfaces, while Sm doping does not lower the reduced Ce concentration. Molecular dynamics simulations are used to complement the microscopy, including the formation of {111} subfacets on {110} edges, formation of a {111} corner facet, and also the fact that reduced Ce ions prefer low coordinated positions like steps and corners along with more active {100} faces.
Long‐range heteronuclear coupling constants in 2,6‐disubstituted purine derivatives (2012)

Four- and five-bond heteronuclear J-couplings between the hydrogen H-8 and carbons C-6 and C-2 in a series of 7- and 9-benzyl substituted purine derivaties with variuous substituents in positions 2 and 6 were studied by coupled (13) C NMR and H,C-HMBC experiments and by DFT calculations. We have found that for some of the derivatives, the five-bond coupling H8-C2 is higher than the four-bond H8-C6 coupling, which is also evidenced by a stronger crosspeak in the HMBC. This finding contradicts the generally accepted opinion that only strong three-bond crosspeaks and one weak four-bond H8-C6 crosspeak can be observed in the HMBC spectra of purine derivatives. The misinterpretation of HMBC spectra may lead to an incorrect determination of the purine derivatives' structure.
Constant Modulus Block Differential Encoding for Frequency-Selective Channels (2002)

Frequency-selective channels can be converted into a set of flat fading subchannels by employing Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). Conventional differential encoding on each subchannel, however, suffers from loss of multipath diversity, and yields non-constant modulus transmissions, which causes undesirable non-linear effects. To mitigate these effects, we design a block differential encoding scheme over the subchannels that preserves multipath diversity, and in addition results in constant modulus transmissions. We also introduce a low complexity ML decoder, and analyze its performance.
Whole-genome metabolic model of Trichoderma reesei built by comparative reconstruction (2016)

The improvements presented in this work on the CoReCo pipeline for metabolic model reconstruction resulted in higher-quality metabolic models compared with previous versions. A metabolic model of <i>T. reesei</i> has been created and is publicly available in the BIOMODELS database. The model contains a biomass equation, reaction boundaries and uptake/export reactions which make it ready for simulation. To validate the model, we dem1onstrate that the model is able to predict biomass production accurately and no stoichiometrically infeasible yields are detected. The new <i>T. reesei</i> model is ready to be used for simulations of protein production processes.
An external quality assessment feasibility study; cross laboratory comparison of haemagglutination inhibition assay and microneutralization assay performance for seasonal influenza serology testing: A FLUCOP study (2023)

This study has received positive feedback from participants, highlighting the benefit such an EQA scheme would have on improving laboratory performance, reducing inter laboratory variation and raising awareness of both harmonized protocol use and the benefit of biological standards for seasonal influenza serology testing.
Vpr-induced cell cycle arrest is conserved among primate lentiviruses (1996)

We previously reported that expression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 strain NL4-3 (HIV-1(NL4-3))vpr causes cells to arrest in the G2 phase of the cell cycle. We examined the induction of cell cycle arrest by other HIV-1 isolates and by primary lentiviruses other than HIV-1. We demonstrate that the vpr genes from tissue culture-adapted or primary isolates of HIV-1 are capable of inducing G2 arrest. In addition, we demonstrate that induction of cell cycle arrest is a conserved function of members of two other groups of primate lentiviruses, HIV-2/simian immunodeficiency virus strain sm (SIVsm)/SIVmac and SIVagm. vpr from HIV-1, HIV-2, and SIVmac induced cell cycle arrest when transfected in human (HeLa) and monkey (CV-1) cells. vpx from HIV-2 and SIVmac did not induce detectable cell cycle arrest in either cell type, and SIVagm vpx was capable of inducing arrest in CV-1 but not HeLa cells. These results indicate that induction of cell cycle perturbation is a general property of lentiviruses that infect primates. The conservation of this viral function throughout evolution suggests that it plays a key role in virus-host relationships, and elucidation of its mechanism may reveal important clues about pathology induced by primary lentiviruses.
Holistic run-time parallelism management for time and energy efficiency (2013)

The ubiquity of parallel machines will necessitate time- and energy-efficient parallel execution of a program in a wide range of hardware and software environments. Prevalent parallel execution models can fail to be efficient. Unable to account for dynamic changes in operating conditions, they may create non-optimum parallelism, leading to underutilization or contention of resources. We propose ParallelismDial (PD), a model to dynamically, continuously and judiciously adapt a program's degree of parallelism to a given dynamic operating environment. PD uses a holistic metric to measure system-efficiency. The metric is used to systematically optimize the program's execution.
Supplementary Table 1 from An Open-Label, Multicenter, Phase I/II Study of JNJ-40346527, a CSF-1R Inhibitor, in Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table 1: Extent of Exposure&lt;/p&gt;
Fan-out enabled spin wave majority gate (2020)

By its very nature, Spin Wave (SW) interference provides intrinsic support for Majority logic function evaluation. Due to this and the fact that the 3-input Majority (MAJ3) gate and the inverter constitute a universal Boolean logic gate set, different MAJ3 gate implementations have been proposed. However, they cannot be directly utilized for the construction of larger SW logic circuits as they lack a key cascading mechanism, i.e., fanout capability. In this paper, we introduce a novel ladder-shaped SW MAJ3 gate design able to provide a maximum fanout of 2 (FO2). The proper gate functionality is validated by means of micromagnetic simulations, which also demonstrate that the amplitude mismatch between the two outputs is negligible, proving that an FO2 is properly achieved. Additionally, we evaluate the gate area and compare it with SW state-of-the-art and 15 nm CMOS counterparts working under the same conditions. Our results indicate that the proposed structure requires a 12× less area than the 15 nm CMOS MAJ3 gate and that at the gate level, the fanout capability results in 16% area savings, when compared to the state-of-the-art SW majority gate counterparts.
Selection of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides against glutathione S-transferase Mu (2002)

The aim of the present study was to identify functional antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) against the rat glutathione S-transferase Mu (GSTM) isoforms, GSTM1 and GSTM2. These antisense ODNs would enable the study of the physiological consequences of GSTM deficiency. Because it has been suggested that the effectiveness of antisense ODNs is dependent on the secondary mRNA structures of their target sites, we made mRNA secondary structure predictions with two software packages, Mfold and STAR. The two programs produced only marginally similar structures, which can probably be attributed to differences in the algorithms used. The effectiveness of a set of 18 antisense ODNs was evaluated with a cell-free transcription/translation assay, and their activity was correlated with the predicted secondary RNA structures. Four phosphodiester ODNs specific for GSTM1, two ODNs specific for GSTM2, and four ODNs targeted at both GSTM isoforms were found to be potent, sequence-specific, and RNase H-dependent inhibitors of protein expression. The IC50 value of the most potent ODN was approximately 100 nM. Antisense ODNs targeted against regions that were predicted by STAR to be predominantly single stranded were more potent than antisense ODNs against double-stranded regions. Such a correlation was not found for the Mfold prediction. Our data suggest that simulation of the local folding of RNA facilitates the discovery of potent antisense sequences. In conclusion, we selected several promising antisense sequences, which, when synthesized as biologically stable oligonucleotides, can be applied for study of the physiological impact of reduced GSTM expression.
Atomic decomposition dedicated to AVC and spatial SVC prediction (2008)

This work, we propose the use of sparse signal representation techniques to solve the problem of closed-loop spatial image prediction. The reconstruction of signal in the block to predict is based on basis functions selected with the matching pursuit (MP) iterative algorithm, to best match a causal neighborhood. We evaluate this new method in terms of PSNR and bitrate in a H.264/AVC encoder. Experimental results indicate an improvement of rate-distortion performance. In this paper, we also present results concerning the use of this technique for intra-inter layer prediction refinement, in a scalable video coding (SVC) like scheme.
(Invited) Defect Generation Mechanism and Its Impact on Reliability Properties in MONOS Devices (2014)

The interface-state generation mechanism and its impact on reliability properties, such as endurance and data retention, in MONOS devices have been studied. The charge measurement technique we developed has demonstrated that holes injected during erasing are the main cause of interface-state generation. From carrier separation measurement for MONOS devices, we have found the data retention degradation after P/E stress is owing to the increased hole injection from Si substrate via the generated interface states. We also discuss the physical origin of the interface states in MONOS devices and report on MONOS-specific interface-state generation/recovery phenomena, and their significant impact on endurance and retention properties.
Z-View diffractive wavefront sensor: principle and applications (2005)

A novel wavefront sensor (Z-View<sup>TM</sup>) using a two dimensional diffractive grating has been developed at Ophthonix, Inc. Based on the Talbot self-imaging theory, a CMOS camera is placed behind the grating to capture the first Talbot image of the aberrated wavefront. This captured Talbot image is analyzed to recover the wavefront aberration. The diffractive grating wavefront sensor has been used in Ophthonix's Z-View Aberrometer, an objective refractive vision assessment system which is now commercially used in optometrist's offices/clinics across the United States of America. Coupled with a deformable mirror and other auxiliary optics systems, Z-View wavefront sensor forms the A-View adaptive optic vision correction system at Ophthonix. This A-View system is used to study the effect of complete wavefront correction in human vision, and has potential application in prescribing Ophthonix's wavefront-guided iZon<sup>TM</sup> lenses. In this paper, the wavefront sensing principle of this novel diffractive wavefront sensor and its applications will be discussed.
Big Data approach to biometric-based identity analytics (2015)

Very large-scale biometric systems are becoming mainstream in nationwide identity cards and mobile secure payment methods. As with other Big Data systems, biometric systems contend with the “four V” challenges that involve the effective managing of the complex life cycle and operations of identity information—despite the immense enrollment database size ( <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">volume</i> ) and rapid transaction response-time ( <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">velocity </i> ) requirements using potentially noisy, fraudulent ( <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">veracity</i> ), and multiple ( <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">variety </i> ) biometric identifiers. We describe representative techniques addressing these challenges in a variety of diverse and realistic biometrics applications such as 1) indexing methods that allow access in near constant time (velocity) irrespective of the scale (volume) of the biometric database, 2) fusing multiple (variety) biometrics to address risk and accuracy concerns, and 3) ensuring the integrity (veracity) of biometric databases by eliminating multiple duplicate records as well as protecting against theft of biometric identifiers. While sharing many commonalities with generic Big Data system-design issues, biometric systems also provide a rich case study involving how these issues manifest and are addressed in a unique, domain-specific way. We believe that by virtue of dealing with some of the most critical entities, namely identity and entitlement, biometric systems are likely to emerge as among the most critical of the Big Data systems.