gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ZnO nanorods as an intracellular sensor for pH measurements (2007)

ZnO nanorods with 80nm diameter and 700nm length and grown on the tip of a borosilicate glass capillary (0.7μm in diameter) were used to create a highly sensitive pH sensor for monitoring in vivo biological process within single cells. The ZnO nanorods, functionalized by proton H3O+ and hydroxyl OH− groups, exhibit a pH-dependent electrochemical potential difference versus a Ag∕AgCl microelectrode. The potential difference was linear over a large dynamic range (4–11), which could be understood in terms of the change in surface charge during protonation and deprotonation. These nanoelectrode devices have the ability to enable analytical measurements in single living cells and have the capability to sense individual chemical species in specific locations within a cell.
JGOG2051: The safety and efficacy of repeated high-dose luteal hormone (MPA) therapy for recurrent early-stage endometrial cancer patients (2021)

Objective: We investigated the endometrial pathologic results in women treated with tamoxifen for breast cancer and determined the appropriate diagnostic approach to oncologic endometrial pathologic change. Methods: The medical records of 162 patients who underwent endometrial biopsy in patients treated with tamoxifen for breast cancer were retrospectively reviewed. We compared the clinical features between the patients with endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia or endometrial cancer (EIN/EC group) and the patients with other pathologic results (others group). Results: EIN or EC were found in ten patients (6.2%). 70.0% of EIN/EC group received tamoxifen treatment more than 3 years, while 71.7% of others group received less than 3 years (p<0.001). Regardless of the presence of vaginal bleeding, EIN/EC was not found in patients with ET <5 mm by transvaginal ultrasonography. When ET was 5 mm, the incidence rates of EIN/EC were only 2.9% in asymptomatic patients and 11.6% in symptomatic patients, respectively (p=0.002). When ET was 8 mm, the incidence rates of EIN/EC were 3.8% in asymptomatic patients and 12.0% in symptomatic patients, respectively (p=0.002). When ET was <8 mm, EIN/EC was not found in asymptomatic patients, while EIN/ EC was found in 7.1% of symptomatic patients.
Network Interface Design for Multi-Gbit/s WDM Optical Networks (1995)

We report on the design of a distributed, small, fast packet switched network interface that provides electronic buffering and switching for the data channel in reconfigurable multi-Gbps WDM optical networks. The high-speed interface has been constructed and tested in one such WDM network, STARNET, which is based on a physical passive star topology and is intended for backbone applications in Campus Networks. A two-node experimental STARNET is being implemented at the Optical Communications Research Laboratory at Stanford University. The interface prototype was completed in September 1993; the printed circuit board version of the interface has been operational without modification since January 1994. We have since developed software from the driver level to the applications layer.
Tailoring of Permeability in Copper Inverse Opal for Electronic Cooling Applications (2015)

Microporous metals are extensively applied in convective cooling of high heat flux systems such as electronics. Traditional fabrication approaches, such as sintering of metallic particles, however, produce materials with limited fluid transport capability. Here, we demonstrate control and enhancement of the permeability of porous copper inverse opals produced via electrodeposition around a sacrificial polymer template. Sintering of the template is used to control the fluid transport network microstructure, with permeability increasing for increasing sintering times. These electrodeposited structures achieve permeabilities greater than 1×10−12 m2 with 5 μm pores, roughly 5 times larger than those of porous sintered copper with comparable feature sizes. The high permeability and small feature sizes, with attendant high specific surface area and strong capillarity, offered by the sintered template electrodeposited copper are attractive for two phase cooling applications.
A CMOS Single-Chip Electronic Compass with Microcontroller (2007)

A CMOS single-chip electronic compass with a 16b DSP for heading calculation is presented. A Hall-based 3-axis magnetic-field sensor and analog amplifiers, with a gain of up to 20,000, drive a 12b ADC. A 0.35mum low-voltage CMOS process is used with an added metal layer working as a magnetic-field concentrator with a gain of about 6 to 10. The chip works with a 2.2 to 3.6V supply and draws 5mA in normal mode. The heading resolution is better than 0.5deg and the accuracy is better than plusmn2deg
Advances inTi:Sapphire andErfiber based femtosecond laser frequency combsystems (2005)

Erbium doped fiber femtosecond lasers canefficientl ybefrequency doubled to780 amandsubsequently broadened inanonlinear fiber. Frequency combscreated withsucha setup mayreplace Ti:Sa lasers infrequency metrology applications. i2005 Optical Society ofAmerica OCIScodes: 120.3940 Metrology; 320.7090 Ultrafast lasers
Anti-mesothelin chimeric antigen receptor T cells in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. (2016)

5511 Background: We report a Phase I study of six patients with epithelial ovarian cancer treated with an intravenous infusion of autologous T cells transduced to express a chimeric antigen receptor directed against mesothelin (CART-meso). Methods: Six recurrent serous ovarian cancer patients were treated with autologous lentiviral vector transduced T cells expressing a second generation chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) construct targeting mesothelin. The CAR is composed of an extracellular anti-mesothelin single chain variable fragment derived from mouse monoclonal antibody SS1 fused to the intracellular signaling domains 4-1BB (CD137) and TCR zeta. Four patients received a single dose of 3 x 10^7 CART-meso cells/m2 and two patients received 3 x 10^8 CART-meso cells/m2, without (n = 4) or with (n = 2) lymphodepletion. Results: There were no acute AE related to the infusion and no cytokine release syndrome was experienced. Related Grade 3-4 AEs include pleural effusion, tachypnea, and dyspnea in one patient and related Grade 3 AEs include abdominal pain, ascites, and constipation in two other patients. CART-meso T cells were detectable in the peripheral blood starting 1 hour after infusion and expanded with a peak at Day 7-10 followed by a contraction phase. Higher levels were detected in patients treated with the higher dose of CART-meso cells and with lymphodepletion. Expansion of CART-meso cells was also observed in the malignant pleural effusion of one patient. Clearing of malignant cells in the pleural fluid was seen on Day 21-26 after infusion without lymphodepletion suggesting a direct anti-tumor effect. Trafficking of CART-meso cells was noted in tumor samples from three of four patients. At one month after treatment, all six patients showed stable disease on imaging per RECIST criteria. Conclusions: Phase I trial of infusion of CART-meso T cells in patients with recurrent serous ovarian cancer was found to be feasible and safe. CART-meso cells engrafted and expanded in the blood of all subjects, and trafficked to sites of tumor resulting in clearance of pleural effusion in one patient. These encouraging preliminary results may help guide future clinical trials in adoptive T cell therapy. Clinical trial information: NCT02159716.
High quantum efficiency back-illuminated GaN avalanche photodiodes (2008)

Back-illuminated avalanche photodiodes (APDs) composed of heterojunctions of either p-GaN/i-GaN/n-AlGaN or p-GaN/i-GaN/n-GaN/n-AlGaN were fabricated on AlN templates. At low voltage, an external quantum efficiency of 57% at 352 nm with a bandpass response was achieved by using AlGaN in the n-layer. Dependency of gain and leakage current on mesa area for these heterojunction APDs were studied. Back-illumination via different wavelength sources was used to demonstrate the advantages of hole-initiated multiplication in GaN APDs.
Plasma-Free Strategy for Cardiac Surgery with Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Infants < 10 kg: A Retrospective, Propensity-Matched Study (2023)

An FFP-free strategy in infants < 10 kg operated with CPB is technically feasible but results in an early post-CPB coagulopathy that was not completely compensated with our bleeding management protocol.
Zero–group-velocity modes in chalcogenide holey photonic-crystal fibers (2009)

We demonstrate that a holey photonic-crystal fiber with chalcogenide-glass index contrast can be designed to have a complete gap at a propagation constant beta = 0 that also extends into the non-zero beta region. This type of bandgap (previously identified only at index contrasts unattainable in glasses) opens up a regime for guiding zero-group-velocity modes not possible in holey fibers with the more common finger-like gaps originating from beta-->infinity. Such modes could be used to enhance nonlinear and other material interactions, such as for hollow-core fibers in gas-sensor applications.
Small-mass atomic defects enhance vibrational thermal transport at\n disordered interfaces with ultrahigh thermal boundary conductance (2017)

The role of interfacial nonidealities and disorder on thermal transport\nacross interfaces is traditionally assumed to add resistance to heat transfer,\ndecreasing the thermal boundary conductance (TBC).$^1$ However, recent\ncomputational works have suggested that interfacial defects can enhance this\nthermal boundary conductance through emergence of unique vibrations that are\nintrinsic to the material interface and defect atoms,$^{2-6}$ a finding that\ncontradicts traditional theory and conventional understanding. By manipulating\nthe local heat flux of atomic vibrations that comprise these interfacial modes,\nin principle, the TBC can be increased. In this work, we provide evidence that\ninterfacial defects can enhance the TBC across interfaces through the emergence\nof unique high frequency vibrational modes that arise from atomic mass defects\nat the interface with relatively small masses. We demonstrate ultrahigh TBC at\namorphous SiOC:H/SiC:H interfaces, approaching 1 GW m$^{-2}$ K$^{-1}$, that is\nfurther increased through the introduction of nitrogen defects. The fact that\ndisordered interfaces can exhibit such high conductances, which can be further\nincreased with additional defects offers a unique direction in controlling\ninterfacial thermal transport that becomes important in manipulating heat\ntransfer across materials with high densities of interfaces.\n
Nonthermal combined ultraviolet and vacuum-ultraviolet curing process for organosilicate dielectrics (2016)

Porous SiCOH films are of great interest in semiconductor fabrication due to their low-dielectric constant properties. Post-deposition treatments using ultraviolet (UV) light on organosilicate thin films are required to decompose labile pore generators (porogens) and to ensure optimum network formation to improve the electrical and mechanical properties of low-k dielectrics. The goal of this work is to choose the best vacuum-ultraviolet photon energy in conjunction with vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photons without the need for heating the dielectric to identify those wavelengths that will have the most beneficial effect on improving the dielectric properties and minimizing damage. VUV irradiation between 8.3 and 8.9 eV was found to increase the hardness and elastic modulus of low-k dielectrics at room temperature. Combined with UV exposures of 6.2 eV, it was found that this “UV/VUV curing” process is improved compared with current UV curing. We show that UV/VUV curing can overcome drawbacks of UV curing and improve the properties of dielectrics more efficiently without the need for high-temperature heating of the dielectric.
Two-Dimensional Steady-State and Transient Analyses of Single-Cell Thermionic Fuel Elements (1994)

AbstractA two-dimensional transient model is developed to simulate steady-state and transient operations of single-cell thermionic fuel elements (TFEs). Model predictions are in good agreement with published data to within 4.5 and 5.5% for fission and electrically heated TFEs of the TOPAZ-II type, respectively. In addition, the results of a transient analysis simulating the startup of an electrically heated TFE, following a step function increase in thermal power, are presented and discussed.
On the Optimality of Bone Microstructure (2005)

This paper attempts to answer the question: “Does bone microstructure have optimal stiffness?” In order to answer the question, stiffness optimized microstructures are qualitatively compared with bone structure and quantitatively compared with theoretical bounds on material stiffness. The answer to the question is no - in most cases bone does not have optimal stiffness and thus there must be other objectives at work.
Theoretical Study of the Dehydration Process of Boehmite to γ-Alumina (2001)

The topotactic transformation of boehmite (AlOOH) taking place under calcination and leading to γ-alumina (γ-Al2O3) has been investigated theoretically and a step-by-step mechanism for the structural transformation is proposed. This mechanism reveals two major steps. First, the structural collapse of boehmite occurs, after hydrogen transfers and water extraction. Then, through an aluminum migration process, the γ-alumina characteristics appear. The proposed mechanism demonstrates the existence of an equilibrium structure for γ-alumina containing 25−31% of tetrahedral aluminum sites in agreement with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) results. Temperature effects on the thermodynamic stability of the different structures involved in the mechanism has been investigated. Theoretically simulated X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns confirm the validity of our model structures. According to this mechanism, a coherent skeleton of γ-alumina inherited from the original AlOOH network is constructed. This skeleton can be regarded as a primary matrix providing an insight into structural properties of γ-alumina. Finally, the structures involved in this process may constitute a basis for further investigation on the series of metastable alumina phases appearing before the final conversion of AlOOH to α-alumina (α-Al2O3).
8000-V 1000-A gate turn-off thyristor with low on-state voltage and low switching loss (1990)

An 8 kV, 1 kA gate turn-off thyristor (GTO) that has been designed with a combination of a p-i-n structure and a ringed-anode short structure is discussed. The GTO has been fabricated using a diffusion and epitaxial buffer process. As a consequence, low on-state voltage and low switching loss have been achieved, solving the two major problems in high-voltage GTOs. The device's structure, the p-i-n base process, and the electrical characteristics of the GTO are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Autoantibodies Against Cancer Antigens (2009)

With the identification of tumor antigens, the host immune response to various types of cancers can now be studied with a high degree of specificity in large cohorts of patients, in the hope of correlating immunity with clinical events and defining immunotherapeutic strategies. Several antigens, such as NY-ESO-1, p53, or SOX2, have attracted attention because of their frequent spontaneous immunogenicity in cancer patients, notably in their ability to induce humoral responses. We describe in this chapter a simple implementation of a serological monitoring platform for autoantibody measurement in cancer patients, from production of recombinant antigens to ELISA testing and interpretation.
Extensible-Link Kinematic Model for Determining Motion Characteristics of Compliant Mechanisms (2013)

We present an extensible-link kinematic model for characterizing the motion trajectory of an arbitrary planar compliant mechanism. This is accomplished by creating an analogous kinematic model consisting of links that change length over the course of actuation to represent elastic deformation of the compliant mechanism. Within the model, the motion trajectory is represented as an analytical function. By Taylor series expansion, the trajectory is expressed in a parametric formulation composed of load-independent and load-dependent terms. Here, the load-independent terms are entirely defined by the shape of the undeformed compliant mechanism topology, and all load-geometry interdependencies are captured by the load-dependent terms. This formulation adds insight to the process for designing compliant mechanisms for high accuracy motion applications because: (1) inspection of the load-independent terms enables determination of specific topology modifications for improving the accuracy of the motion trajectory; and (2) the load-dependent terms reveal the polynomial orders of principally uncorrectable error components of the motion trajectory. The error components in the trajectory simply represent the deviation of the actual motion trajectory provided by the compliant mechanism compared to the ideally desired one. We develop the generalized model framework, and then demonstrate its utility by designing a compliant micro-gripper with straight-line parallel jaw motion. We use the model to analytically determine all topology modifications for optimizing the jaw trajectory, and to predict the polynomial order of the uncorrectable trajectory components. The jaw trajectory is then optimized by iterative finite elements (FE) simulation until the polynomial order of the uncorrectable trajectory component becomes apparent.
Publication of Partial Presence Information (2008)

The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Extension for Event State
Publication describes a mechanism with which a presence user agent is
able to publish presence information to a presence agent. Using the
Presence Information Data Format (PIDF), each presence publication
contains full state, regardless of how much of that information has
actually changed since the previous update. As a consequence, updating
a sizeable presence document with small changes bears a considerable
overhead and is therefore inefficient. Especially with low bandwidth
and high latency links, this can constitue a considerable burden to
the system. This memo defines a solution that aids in reducing the
impact of those constraints and increases transport efficiency by
introducing a mechanism that allows for publication of partial
presence information.
Profiling of Extracellular Matrix and Cadherin Family Gene Expression in Mouse Feeder Layer Cells: Type VI Collagen Is a Candidate Molecule Inducing the Colony Formation of Epithelial Cells (2012)

Mouse 3T3 feeder layer has been utilized for epidermal and corneal epithelial cell culture to promote tissue-like cell stratification. However, the molecular mechanism underlying epithelial-feeder layer interactions remains poorly understood. Here, the feeder layer activity of six different mouse cell lines was examined in terms of the colony-forming efficiency (CFE) of primary limbal epithelial cells, including corneal epithelial stem/progenitor cells. When epithelial cells and feeder layers were separated by culture inserts, the CFE was significantly lower than that of epithelial cells, which were cultured with feeder cells on the same dish surfaces, implying that direct contacts between these cells and/or pericellular extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition by feeder layers have an important role in feeder layer activity. With TaqMan polymerase chain reaction assay, the gene expression of 29 ECM molecules and 32 cadherin family genes was profiled in two highest and two lowest cell lines in the CFE for limbal and oral mucosal epithelial cells. A significant difference in the expression correlated with the CFE was observed in six ECM molecules and four kinds of cadherin family genes. In these results, type VI collagen was confirmed to be able to promote the colony formation of epithelial cells in vitro effectively.
Qualitatively characterizing neural network optimization problems (2014)

Training neural networks involves solving large-scale non-convex optimization problems. This task has long been believed to be extremely difficult, with fear of local minima and other obstacles motivating a variety of schemes to improve optimization, such as unsupervised pretraining. However, modern neural networks are able to achieve negligible training error on complex tasks, using only direct training with stochastic gradient descent. We introduce a simple analysis technique to look for evidence that such networks are overcoming local optima. We find that, in fact, on a straight path from initialization to solution, a variety of state of the art neural networks never encounter any significant obstacles.
Etude de différents blindages électromagnétiques latéraux pour antennes BIE (2007)

Deux blindages latéraux pour antennes à bande interdite électromagnétique (BIE) sont comparés dans cet article. Des plaques PEC/PMC et PEC/PEC sont utilisées afin de blinder les faces latérales d'une antenne BIE diélectrique classique. Les deux structures sont présentées et une analyse modale est effectuée. Les structures sont ensuite simulées et les performances en rayonnement sont comparées. Une meilleure efficacitée de rayonnement est obtenue pour la structure à blindage PEC/PMC.
Analysis and Active Control of Pressure Drop Oscillation in Microchannel Vapor Compression Cycle (2018)

Using phase-change cooling, microchannel evaporators can dissipate significantly higher heat fluxes with large heat transfer coefficients and faster response time compared to conventional macroscale evaporators. However, it is well known that microchannel heat exchangers are prone to flow instabilities. The analysis of flow instabilities has been limited to simple open cycle systems consisting of the microchannel evaporator with fixed boundary conditions, which has limited application in closed cycled systems with temporally varying operating conditions. This paper analyzes the pressure drop oscillation phenomenon occurring in a vapor compression cycle (VCC) consisting of a microchannel evaporator, compressor, condenser, electronic expansion valve, and accumulator. Using a combination of lumped dynamic and static models for the system components, we predict the occurrence of pressure drop oscillation in the VCC under certain operating conditions with linearized analysis and nonlinear simulations. Furthermore, we demonstrate how a VCC with flow oscillations can be stabilized by changing the expansion valve openness. Once the flow oscillations in the system is removed, active control of the compressor speed and accumulator heat input based on evaporator wall temperature feedback can effectively regulate the evaporator temperature, even with a fluctuating heat input to the evaporator. As a result, this allows the use of a microchannel-integrated VCC system for dissipating high heat fluxes as well as addressing time-varying cooling demands.