gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Désinfection à la chaleur humide des respirateurs N95, inactivation du SRAS-CoV-2 et effets sur les propriétés des respirateurs (2020)

<h3>RÉSUMÉ</h3> <h3>CONTEXTE:</h3> La demande sans précédent de respirateurs N95 durant la pandémie de maladie à coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) a entraîné une pénurie mondiale. Nous avons validé un protocole de décontamination rapide et économique répondant aux normes réglementaires afin de permettre la réutilisation sûre de ce type de masque. <h3>MÉTHODES:</h3> Nous avons contaminé 4 modèles courants de respirateurs N95 avec le coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère 2 (SRAS-CoV-2) et avons évalué l’inactivation virale après une désinfection de 60 minutes à 70 °C et à une humidité relative de 0 %. De même, nous avons étudié l’efficacité de la désinfection thermique, à une humidité relative allant de 0 % à 70 %, de masques contaminés à <i>Escherichia coli</i>. Enfin, nous avons examiné des masques soumis à de multiples cycles de désinfection thermique: nous avons évalué leur intégrité structurelle à l’aide d’un microscope à balayage, et leurs propriétés protectrices au moyen des normes du National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health des États-Unis relatives à la filtration particulaire, à la résistance respiratoire et à l’ajustement. <h3>RÉSULTATS:</h3> Une seule désinfection thermique a suffi pour que le SRAS-CoV-2 ne soit plus décelable sur les masques étudiés. En ce qui concerne les masques contaminés à <i>E. coli</i>, une culture de 24 heures a révélé que la bactérie n’était pratiquement plus décelable sur les masques désinfectés à 70 °C et à une humidité relative de 50 %, contrairement aux masques non désinfectés (densité optique à une longueur d’onde de 600 nm : 0,02 ± 0,02 contre 2,77 ± 0,09; <i>p</i> &lt; 0,001), mais qu’elle persistait sur les masques traités à une humidité relative moindre. Les masques ayant subi 10 cycles de désinfection avaient toujours des fibres de diamètre semblable à celui des fibres des masques non traités, et ils répondaient encore aux normes d’ajustement, de filtration et de résistance respiratoire. <h3>INTERPRÉTATION:</h3> La désinfection thermique a réussi à décontaminer les respirateurs N95 sans compromettre leur intégrité structurelle ni modifier leurs propriétés. Elle pourrait se faire dans les hôpitaux et les établissements de soins de longue durée avec de l’équipement facilement accessible, ce qui réduirait la pénurie de N95.
Stochastic Gradient Descent Algorithm in the Computational Network Toolkit (2013)

We introduce the stochastic gradient descent algorithm used in the computational network toolkit (CNTK) — a general purpose machine learning toolkit written in C++ for training and using models that can be expressed as a computational network. We describe the algorithm used to compute the gradients automatically for a given network. We also propose a low-cost automatic learning rate selection algorithm and demonstrate that it works well in practice. 1 Computational Network Toolkit A computational network (CN) is a directed graph in which each leaf represents an input value or a learnable parameter and each node represents an operator. Figure 1 illustrates an example CN of a log-linear model. Here, each node is identified by a {node name: operator type} pair and takes its ordered children as the operator’s inputs. For example, in the figure, T = Times(W,X) which is different fromT = Times(X,W). A CN can have many root nodes which are used under different conditions. For example, one root node may represent a cross-entropy training criterion and another may represent an evaluation criterion. The network in Figure 1 has only one root node {C: Cross
Applications of Extremophilic Archaeal Lipids in the Field of Nanocarriers for Oral/Topical Drug Delivery (2013)

Extreme environments are mainly occupied by Archaea that contain in their cytoplasmic membrane unique mono- and bi-polar ether lipids that exhibit extraordinary resistance towards chemical and/or enzymatic degradation, over a wide range of pH values, extreme temperatures, and high salt concentrations. The archaeal core lipid structures show considerable variation within the various subgroups of the Archaea, but there are groupings of structural types that can be associated with the three principal archaeal phenotypes. These unusual lipids play a key role in the adaptation of the halophilic, methanogenic, (hyper)thermophilic/thermoacidophilic Archaea to extreme habitats by optimizing membrane composition and properties in direct response to the growth conditions of the organisms. The uniqueness of archaeal lipid structures and functions within membranes has prompted a great deal of interest in the use of natural lipids or synthetic analogues as innovative materials for the development of biotechnological applications. In this review, recent uses of diether-type and tetraether-type lipids as nanocarriers in the drug delivery field are discussed, with special attention to the promising oral/topical administration routes. Keywords: Archaeal lipids, archaeosome, extremophile, nanocarriers, oral/topical drug delivery, vaccine.
Novel materials for stable perovskite solar cells (2017)

Organic-inorganic perovskites are quickly overrunning research activities in new materials for cost-effective and high-efficiency photovoltaic technologies. Since the first demonstration from Kojima and co-workers in 2009, several perovskite-based solar cells have been reported and certified with rapidly improving power conversion efficiency. Recent reports demonstrate that perovskites can compete with the most efficient inorganic materials, while they still allow processing from solution as a potential advantage to deliver a cost-effective solar technology.
Back-azimuth Relocation of Monitoring Arrays (2008)

Microseismic monitoring of hydraulic fracture treatment is commonly carried out without accurate deviation surveys of monitoring boreholes. This can lead to significant errors in the observed azimuths and other parameters of the mapped fracture system geometry derived from microseismic event locations. We have developed a new technique to find the horizontal position of the monitoring geophones. This technique uses relative back-azimuths of perforations at known locations. It is particularly suitable for vertical monitoring boreholes and horizontally distributed perforations. It can be combined with travel-time measurements to achieve improved accuracy of the monitoring array positions relative to the perforations (i.e., injection points).
Environmental-aware heterogeneous partial feedback design in a multiuser OFDMA system (2011)

We propose a heterogeneous feedback design method which adapts users' feedback resources to their frequency domain channel statistics. We analytically demonstrate the potential of this environmental-aware feedback design in a multiuser OFDMA scheduling framework employing the best-M partial feedback strategy. We derive an expression for the average spectral efficiency of the system, and utilize suitable approximations to obtain the minimum heterogeneous partial feedback required for minimal degradation in performance compared to a scheme using full feedback. Our heterogeneous feedback design is shown to outperform the traditional homogeneous one under a fixed feedback resource constraint.
Southeast Michigan 2014 Test Bed project for connected vehicles: The next step toward deploying ITS (2013)

The US Department of Transportation (USDOT) owns and operates a major on-road test facility in Southeast Michigan dedicated to the development and testing of the next generation of Intelligent Transportation Systems - connected vehicle technologies, standards and applications. Over the course of the next 12 months, this facility will undergo significant upgrades with the intent of supporting the next generation of field equipment and site operators. This paper is focused on highlighting how the Southeast Michigan Test Bed 2014 project is supporting this advance in connected vehicles by providing a complete connected vehicle environment including broadcast and peer-to-peer communication based activities, using all seven available DSRC channels, and facilitating the flow and evolution of (intersection and vehicle) situation data. This test bed environment is intended to support the next generation of hardware and applications by providing a consistent data environment and a common graphical language for defining applications, data flows and interfaces. This paper will give an overview of the Southeast Michigan Test Bed 2014 project architecture for Connected Vehicles.
Epigenetic remodelling and dysregulation of DLGAP4 is linked with early-onset cerebellar ataxia (2014)

Genome instability, epigenetic remodelling and structural chromosomal rearrangements are hallmarks of cancer. However, the coordinated epigenetic effects of constitutional chromosomal rearrangements that disrupt genes associated with congenital neurodevelopmental diseases are poorly understood. To understand the genetic-epigenetic interplay at breakpoints of chromosomal translocations disrupting CG-rich loci, we quantified epigenetic modifications at DLGAP4 (SAPAP4), a key post-synaptic density 95 (PSD95) associated gene, truncated by the chromosome translocation t(8;20)(p12;q11.23), co-segregating with cerebellar ataxia in a five-generation family. We report significant epigenetic remodelling of the DLGAP4 locus triggered by the t(8;20)(p12;q11.23) translocation and leading to dysregulation of DLGAP4 expression in affected carriers. Disruption of DLGAP4 results in monoallelic hypermethylation of the truncated DLGAP4 promoter CpG island. This induced hypermethylation is maintained in somatic cells of carriers across several generations in a t(8;20) dependent-manner however, is erased in the germ cells of the translocation carriers. Subsequently, chromatin remodelling of the locus-perturbed monoallelic expression of DLGAP4 mRNAs and non-coding RNAs in haploid cells having the translocation. Our results provide new mechanistic insight into the way a balanced chromosomal rearrangement associated with a neurodevelopmental disorder perturbs allele-specific epigenetic mechanisms at breakpoints leading to the deregulation of the truncated locus.
Multiuser MIMO in distributed antenna systems (2010)

Distributed antenna systems (DAS) add remote radio units with one or more antennas to enhance coverage and capacity in cellular systems. DAS works by connecting the remote radio units to the base station via a high bandwidth and low latency link. This paper analyzes multiuser multiple input multiple output (MIMO) DAS and compares it with multiuser MIMO communication without DAS in terms of per-user throughput and area spectral efficiency. Zero-forcing transmit beamforming is used at the transmitter. To facilitate rapid simulation and design space exploration, approximations of the ergodic rate are proposed for each technique assuming path-loss, small-scale Rayleigh fading, and out-of-cell interference. Treating all the remote radio units as a super MIMO transmitter gives the best performance even accounting for out-of-cell interference, though gains diminish for higher numbers of active users.
Perovskite Sr0.95Ce0.05CoO3−δ loaded with copper nanoparticles as a bifunctional catalyst for lithium-air batteries (2012)

Sr0.95Ce0.05CoO3−δ (SCCO) particles loaded with copper nanoparticles on their surface are shown to be excellent, low-cost, and stable bifunctional catalysts for the oxygen-reduction and oxygen-evolution reactions (ORR and OER) in aqueous solution. Evidence for the presence of Ce3+ and Co2+ as well as Co4+ and Co3+ ions revealed by XPS measurements as well as XRD analysis indicates that a CeCoO2.5 brownmillerite phase may be extruded to the surface. A surface Co4+/Co3+ couple is known to be a good OER catalyst. The performance of the SCCO-based catalysts is better at higher current rates (>0.1 mA cm−2) than that of Vulcan XC-72 and even close to that of the 50% Pt/carbon-black catalyst. This catalyst could be used in a metal/air battery or a PEM fuel cell as an efficient and stable bifunctional catalyst.
Toward performance-diverse small-molecule libraries for cell-based phenotypic screening using multiplexed high-dimensional profiling (2014)

High-throughput screening has become a mainstay of small-molecule probe and early drug discovery. The question of how to build and evolve efficient screening collections systematically for cell-based and biochemical screening is still unresolved. It is often assumed that chemical structure diversity leads to diverse biological performance of a library. Here, we confirm earlier results showing that this inference is not always valid and suggest instead using biological measurement diversity derived from multiplexed profiling in the construction of libraries with diverse assay performance patterns for cell-based screens. Rather than using results from tens or hundreds of completed assays, which is resource intensive and not easily extensible, we use high-dimensional image-based cell morphology and gene expression profiles. We piloted this approach using over 30,000 compounds. We show that small-molecule profiling can be used to select compound sets with high rates of activity and diverse biological performance.
Roles of Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 Inhibition on Vascular Morphology and Function in anIn vivoModel of Pancreatic Cancer (2006)

Although VEGFR-2 can mediate NOS activity, the combination of VEGFR-2 and NOS inhibition significantly increased the antivascular effect over single agent therapy. The addition of NOS inhibition led to an even further alteration of tumor vessel morphology and vascular perfusion compared with VEGFR-2 blockade, suggesting that NO and VEGFR-2 have distinct but complementary effects on the tumor vasculature.
Response: validity of evidence demonstrating efficacy of extracorporeal photochemotherapy (2011)

We appreciate the opportunity that the letter of Drs George and Roederer offers us to clarify and highlight our findings relevant to the mechanism(s) underlying the immunotherapeutic efficacy of extracorporeal photochemotherapy (ECP). Specifically, we reported several lines of convergent evidence
Validation of Warfarin Pharmacogenetic Algorithms in Clinical Practice (2011)

Our study demonstrates the value of published pharmacogenetic dosing algorithms for the prediction of warfarin doses, in particular for patients with low or high therapeutic dose requirements.
The Aβ oligomer eliminating D-enantiomeric peptide RD2 improves cognition without changing plaque pathology (2017)

While amyloid-β protein (Aβ) aggregation into insoluble plaques is one of the pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD), soluble oligomeric Aβ has been hypothesized to be responsible for synapse damage, neurodegeneration, learning, and memory deficits in AD. Here, we investigate the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of the D-enantiomeric peptide RD2, a rationally designed derivative of the previously described lead compound D3, which has been developed to efficiently eliminate toxic Aβ42 oligomers as a promising treatment strategy for AD. Besides the detailed in vitro characterization of RD2, we also report the results of a treatment study of APP/PS1 mice with RD2. After 28 days of treatment we observed enhancement of cognition and learning behaviour. Analysis on brain plaque load did not reveal significant changes, but a significant reduction of insoluble Aβ42. Our findings demonstrate that RD2 was significantly more efficient in Aβ oligomer elimination in vitro compared to D3. Enhanced cognition without reduction of plaque pathology in parallel suggests that synaptic malfunction due to Aβ oligomers rather than plaque pathology is decisive for disease development and progression. Thus, Aβ oligomer elimination by RD2 treatment may be also beneficial for AD patients.
MultipleXLab: A high-throughput portable live-imaging root phenotyping platform using deep learning and computer vision (2022)

MultipleXLab provides a flexible and user-friendly root phenotyping platform that is an attractive mobile alternative to high-end imaging platforms and stationary growth chambers. It can be used in numerous applications by plant biologists, the seed industry, crop scientists, and breeding companies.
Energy transfer and motion synchronization between mechanical oscillators through microhydrodynamic coupling (2017)

Fluidic environment is encountered for mechanical components in many circumstances, which not only damps the oscillation but also modulates their dynamical behaviors through hydrodynamic interactions. In this study, we examine energy transfer and motion synchronization between two mechanical micro-oscillators by performing thermal lattice-Boltzmann simulations. The coefficient of inter-oscillator energy transfer is measured to quantify the strength of microhydrodynamic coupling, which depends on their distance and fluid properties such as density and viscosity. Synchronized motion of the oscillators is observed in the simulations for typical parameter sets in relevant applications, with the formation and loss of stable anti-phase synchronization controlled by the oscillating frequency, amplitude, and hydrodynamic coupling strength. The critical ranges of key parameters to assure efficient energy transfer or highly synchronized motion are predicted. These findings could be used to advise mechanical design of passive and active devices that operate in fluid.
Anionic polymerization of cyclic ester and amide in miniemulsion: Synthesis and characterization of poly(ε‐caprolactone) and poly(ε‐caprolactone‐co‐ε‐caprolactam) nanoparticles (2010)

Abstract For the first time, poly(ε‐caprolactone) and poly(ε‐caprolactone‐ co ‐ε‐caprolactam) nanoparticles were successfully obtained by anionic polymerization of ε‐caprolactone and anionic copolymerization of ε‐caprolactone with ε‐caprolactam, respectively, in heterophase by the miniemulsion technique. After polymerization the resulting dispersions are stable for hours in case of the pure polyester and days for the copolymer. The syntheses were carried out with different continuous phases, amounts of surfactant, initiator, and monomers. The influence of the reaction parameters on the molecular weight of the polymers and on colloidal characteristics like size and morphology of the nanoparticles were studied by dynamic light scattering, gel permeation chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, nuclear magnetic resonance, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2010
Supplemental Figure 1 from A Novel Carcinoembryonic Antigen T-Cell Bispecific Antibody (CEA TCB) for the Treatment of Solid Tumors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Assessment of binding of CEA TCB to human and cynomolgus monkey CEA- and CD3-expressing cells, internalization and ADCC, CDC activity.&lt;/p&gt;
$\mathsf{HyHooVer}$: Verification and Parameter Synthesis in Stochastic Systems With Hybrid State Space Using Optimistic Optimization (2023)

This article presents a new method for model-free verification of a general class of control systems with unknown nonlinear dynamics, where the state space has both a continuum-based and a discrete component. Specifically, we focus on finding what choices of initial states or parameters maximize a given probabilistic objective function over all choices of initial states or parameters from such hybrid state space, without having exact knowledge of the system dynamics. We introduce the notion of <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">set initialized Markov chains</i> to represent such systems. Our method utilizes generalized techniques from multi-armed bandit theory on the continuum, in an attempt to make an efficient use of the available sampling budget. We introduce a new algorithm called the <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Hybrid Hierarchical Optimistic Optimization</i> (HyHOO) algorithm, which is designed to address the problem outlined in this paper. The algorithm combines elements of the existing Hierarchical Optimistic Optimization (HOO) bandit algorithm with carefully chosen parameters to create a fresh perspective on the problem. By viewing the problem as a multi-armed bandit problem, we are able to provide theoretical regret bounds on sample efficiency of our tool, <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathsf{HyHooVer}$</tex-math></inline-formula> . This is achieved by making assumptions about the smoothness of the underlying system. The results of experiments in formal verification and parameter synthesis of variety of scenarios, indicate that the proposed method is effective and efficient when applied to realistic-sized problems and it performs well compared to other methods, specifically PlasmaLab, BoTorch, and the baseline HOO algorithm. Specifically, it demonstrates better efficiency when employed on models with large state space and when the objective function has sharp slopes in comparison with other tools.
Hyperforin Analogues from St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum) (2000)

Three oxygenated analogues of the prenylated phloroglucinol hyperforin (3-5) were isolated from the aerial parts of Hypericum perforatum and their structures elucidated by spectroscopic methods.
SPECIFIC: Starch – Poly Ethylene Compounds in Films with Improved barrier Characteristics (2016)

This consortium is working on the development of industrial films from blends of thermoplastic starch and polyethylene. The great advantage of the combination of these materials is that they together improve the barrier properties of plastic films. Polyethylene is known for its excellent waterproof properties, but it is permeable to oxygen and other gases. Starch is a good oxygen barrier, but is not water resistant. A good mixture of both materials should result in products with high water and oxygen barrier. The combination of both materials in a blend is currently not used for the production of films, but is potentially very interesting. Gradually bio-based films can replace the existing petroleum-made films.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on Orally Active Cephalosporins. Part 2. Synthesis and Structure‐Activity Relations of New ((E) or (Z) 3‐Substituted Carbamoyloxy)‐1‐propenylcephalosporins. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Thermal Considerations of a Power Converter With Components Embedded in Printed Circuit Boards (2019)

Printed circuit board (PCB) technology is attractive for power electronic systems as it offers a low manufacturing cost for mass production. Integration technologies such as device embedding have been developed to take advantage of the interlayer space in multi-layer PCBs and to increase the performances (electrical and thermal). However, the PCB technology offers limited power dissipation due to the low thermal conductivity [≈0.3 W/(m · K)] of its composite substrate. In this article, we consider PCB embedding for a 3.3-kW ac/dc bidirectional converter. We describe the integration of not only the power dies but also the gate drive circuits and the power inductor, with a special focus on thermal management. The manufacturing processes of the boards are presented. Two thermal models based on finite elements (FEs) of this converter stage are introduced. The accuracy of these models is validated against experiments. The results show that a simplified FE model offers satisfying accuracy and fast simulation, even considering the relatively complex structure and layout of the PCBs.