gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cryogenic digital data links for the liquid argon time projection chamber (2012)

In this paper we present the cryogenic functionality of the components of data links for the Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LArTPC), a potential far site detector technology of the Long-Baseline Neutrino Experiment (LBNE). We have confirmed that an LVDS driver can drive a 20-meter CAT5E twisted pair up to 1 gigabit per second at the liquid nitrogen temperature (77 K). We have verified that a commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) serializer, a laser diode driver, laser diodes, optical fibers and connectors, and field-programming gate arrays (FPGA's) continue to function at 77 K. A variety of COTS resistors and capacitors have been tested at 77 K. All tests we have conducted show that the cryogenic digital data links for the liquid argon time projection chamber are promising.
[Evaluation of the aca lipase (DuPont) determination and of the lipase determination according to Myrick (Calbiochem-Behring) (author's transl)]. (1979)

Two lipase methods, the method for the aca (DuPont) and the method according to Myrick (1976) Thesis, Birmingham Al.) (Calbiochem-Behring), were compared with the lipase method of Rick (1969) Z. Klin. Chem. Klin. Biochem. 7, 530--539) and with the amylase determination. The diagnostic value of the aca method, the amylase and the lipase method of Rick were in good agreement, whereas the method of Myrick gave conflicting results.
Decoy Oligodeoxynucleotides As Novel Cardiovascular Drugs for Cardiovascular Disease (2001)

Gene therapy is emerging as a potential strategy in the treatment of cardiovascular disease such as restenosis after angioplasty, vascular bypass graft occlusion, and transplant coronary vasculopathy, for which no known effective therapy exists. One strategy for combatting disease processes is to target the transcriptional process. Application of DNA technology such as antisense strategy to regulate the transcription of disease-related genes in vivo has important therapeutic potential. Recently, transfection of cis-element double-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides (= decoy) as a powerful tool in a new class of antigene strategies for gene therapy was reported. Transfection of double-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides corresponding to cis sequence will result in the attenuation of authentic cis-trans interaction, leading to the removal of transfactors from the endogenous cis-elements with subsequent modulation of gene expression. This "decoy" strategy is not only a novel strategy for gene therapy as an antigene strategy, but also a powerful tool for the study of endogenous gene regulation in vivo as well as in vitro. In this review, we focus on the future potential of decoy oligodeoxynucleotide-based gene therapy in the treatment of cardiovascular disease.
Optimizing Control Overhead for Power-Aware Routing in Wireless Networks (2013)

We analyze the tradeoff between the amount of signaling overhead incurred in path selection in a MANET with time-varying wireless channels and the application-level goodput and end-to-end power expended on the selected path. Here, increased overhead increases the accuracy of the link state estimates used in path selection but decreases the amount of bandwidth available for application use. We develop an information-theoretic, bounding approach to quantify the signaling overhead. Specifically, we investigate (i) the time granularity at which link state is sampled and communicated, and (ii) the minimum number of bits needed to encode this link state information, such that the expected power consumption within a sampling interval is minimized subject to a fixed source-destination goodput constraint. We formulate an optimization problem that provides a numerically computable solution to these questions, and quantitatively demonstrate that short sampling intervals incur significant overhead while long intervals fail to take advantage of the temporal correlation in link state. Additionally, we find that using a small number of bits per sample do not provide sufficient information about the network while using too many bits provide little additional information at the expense of increased overhead. Our work can be used by network operators as a tool to determine parameters such as the optimal state update frequency and the number of bits per sample.
Treatment of stage I‐III rectal cancer: Who is refusing surgery? (2020)

A small proportion of patients refuse surgery for rectal cancer, and this treatment decision significantly affects survival.
Specific responses of axons and dendrites to cytoskeleton perturbations: an in vitro study (1993)

Several factors can influence the development of axons and dendrites in vitro. Some of these factors modify the adhesion of neurons to their substratum. We have previously shown that the threshold of neuron-substratum adhesion necessary for initiation and elongation of dendrites is higher than that required for axonal growth. To explain this difference we propose that, in order to antagonize actin-driven surface tension, axons primarily rely on the compression forces of microtubules whereas dendrites rely on adhesion. This model was tested by seeding the cells in conditions allowing the development either of axons or of axons and dendrites, then adding cytochalasin B or nocodazole 1 hour or 24 hours after plating. The addition of cytochalasin B, which depolymerizes actin filaments and thus reduces actin-tensile forces, increases the length of both axons and dendrites, indicating that both axons and dendrites have to antagonize surface tension in order to elongate. The addition of nocodazole, which acts primarily on microtubules, slightly reduces dendrite elongation and totally abolishes axonal growth. Similar results are obtained when the drugs are added 1 or 24 hours after plating, suggesting that the same mechanisms are at work both in initiation and in elongation. Finally, we find that in the presence of cytochalasin B axons adopt a curly morphology, a fact that could be explained by the importance of tensile forces in antagonizing the asymmetry created by polarized microtubules presenting a uniform minus/plus orientation.
Agarose Gel Electrophoresis (1998)

Abstract This appendix presents a protocol for separating and purifying DNA fragments between 0.5 and 25 kb. A describes the use of midigels and minigels.
DEVULCANIZATION CONDITION AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF REVULCANIZED RUBBER FOR EPDM (1999)

Continuous devulcanization by shear flow stage reaction control technology has been developed. In this technology, it is very effective to give high shear strain to vulcanized rubber under high internal pressure. Using adequate screw geometry and alignment based on this concept, devulcanization can proceed continuously. Properties of devulcanized rubber depend on reaction temperature, screw rotation and addition of devulcanizing agent and process oil. Under adequate reaction temperature and screw rotation, devulcanization can proceed without devulcanizing agent and process oil. Revulcanized rubber obtained by this condition shows excellent mechanical properties nearly equal to virgin ones. Furthermore, mechanical properties of revulcanized rubber can be controlled by addition of devulcanizing agent and process oil.
Methods for Comparison of Liver and Spleen Location in the Supine and Upright Positions of the 50th Percentile Male (2012)

The location and shape variation of the liver and spleen due to postural changes has implications in the prediction of blunt abdominal trauma via computational models or other human surrogates. Although abdominal injuries occur in only 3–5% of injuries in car crashes, they are often seen in serious crashes with AIS≥4 injuries. The location and shape variation of the liver and spleen due to postural changes are likely to play a role in the severity of injury, as a result of rib coverage and location. One means of studying this variation is through computational modeling for impact biomechanics studies. This study reviews the methods used to quantify variation in the location of the liver and the spleen relative to surrounding bony structures for two different postures, supine and seated. Through the use of various imaging modalities three-dimensional datasets depicting the affect of posture change on the size and shape of the liver and spleen can be investigated through three-dimensional renderings and center of gravity measurements.
Thrombomodulin activity and localization (1993)

An overview on the properties, actions and localization of thrombomodulin (TM) in situations of tissue injury and in selected tumors is presented. The localization and activity of TM after injury to vascular endothelium shows that following balloon catheter denudation of the endothelium of the rabbit aorta, the activity and immunohistochemical staining is markedly reduced. The functional and antigenic levels approach the control levels approximately one week after the initial injury. The results suggest that the neointimal smooth muscle cells express TM. This phenotypic plasticity of the neointimal smooth muscle cells may be important in conferring thrombo-resistance to the lumenal lining cells of vessels after injury. Studies are also reviewed on the use of soluble recombinant TM to prevent thrombosis after ligature of vessels in an experimental model. Further characterization on the immunohistochemical distribution of TM in normal tissues and tumors shows that staining with a monoclonal anti TM antibody can be very useful in separating mesotheliomas from pulmonary adenocarcinomas. These studies may lead to insights concerning the role of TM in tissue-injury-repair and tissue differentiation.
Use of Surface Haze for Evaluation of Photoresist Residue Removal Efficiency (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> A new method for the fast evaluation of photoresist residue removal efficiency is discussed in this paper. In this method “haze” which is the low-frequency component of the background signal of a light scattering instrument is mapped over the entire wafer. Since the background signal is sensitive to any kind of surface anomaly, it can be used as a metrology for any kind of surface roughness or residues. The goal of this paper is to devise a fast and cheap screening method for photoresist residue removal efficiency. Using this method we show that cleaning solutions can be easily screened for their residue removal efficiencies based on the haze signal of the light scattering instrument. </para>
Teaching Challenge in Hands-on DSP Experiments for Night-School Students (2008)

The rapid increase in digital signal processing (DSP) applications has generated a strong demand for electrical engineers with DSP backgrounds; however, the gap between industry needs and university curricula still exists. To answer this challenge, a sequence of innovative DSP courses that emphasize hands-on experiments and practical applications were developed for continuing education in electrical and computer engineering. These courses are taught in the evening for night-school students having at least three years of work experience. These courses enable students to experiment with sophisticated DSP applications to augment the theoretical, conceptual, and analytical materials provided in traditional DSP courses. The inclusion of both software and hardware developments allows students to undertake a wide range of DSP projects for real-world applications. Assessment data concludes that the digital signal processor fundamentals course can increase learning interest and overcome the prerequisite problem of DSP laboratory experiments. This paper also briefly introduces representative examples of some challenging DSP applications.
Partitioning-driven convergence in the design of random-logic blocks (2000)

The conventional methodology for computer-aided design of random-logic blocks requires several iterations of logic synthesis and layout tools, and a significant amount of manual intervention, before converging to an implementation that meets the design's constraints. This thesis proposes Nebula, a new design flow that uses netlist partitioning to achieve an optimal trade-off between two conflicting requirements for design convergence: accurate wire-load modeling in synthesis and merging incremental netlist optimizations into layout. The flow iterates between low-level synthesis, layout and re-partitioning optimizations. An experimental prototype, which emulates the Nebula flow, was developed to explore its viability and limitations. 
A partitioning scheme, implemented in the prototype system, accurately models global wires during synthesis, while allowing room for incremental optimizations in local logic. Experimental results show that in spite of overheads of optimizing a partitioned netlist, accurate wire-load modeling narrows the gap between post-synthesis and post-layout timing in the prototype system. This leads to a faster design convergence as opposed to the conventional methodology. 
A timing-driven repartitioning heuristic was implemented, which improves post-layout timing by reducing the contribution of global wire-loads along critical paths. Results show that relocating 1% of all gates in a design prunes out 80% of its critical paths. However, the scope of worst-case timing improvements is limited by the ability to merge relocations into the existing layout.
ABSORPTION AND SECRETION OF IODIDE BY THE INTESTINE OF THE RAT1 (1957)

THE study of the absorption of iodide by the intestinal tract was initiated by Cohn (1), who showed that iodide was well absorbed by the ileum, jejunum and colon of the dog, and poorly by the stomach. Albert et al. (2) found that the rat also absorbed iodide well from the small and large bowel and only slightly from the stomach. Pearlman, Morton and Chaikoff (3) demonstrated in the rat that the tissue of the entire small intestine accumulated at the end of one hour 0.6% of the I131 administered into the stomach. The studies of Johnson and Albert (4) revealed I131 in the contents of the small intestine of the rat in significant concentrations, but they did not establish whether it was gastric iodide being passed down the intestinal tract or actively secreted at that site. Furthermore, Honour et al. (5) concluded that while the iodide concentration of stomach secretions was thirty times that of plasma, the iodide concentration of duodenal secretions was approximately equal to that of plasma.
Beliefs and Potential Use of Prescription Drug Information Sources (2002)

In recent years consumers are taking more interest in their health care, including having interest in the prescription drugs they take. This research examined people's beliefs and perceptions about using nine sources of prescription drug information. The sources investigated were: (a) physician, (b) pharmacist, (c) family or friend, (d) manufacturer's web site, (e) second-party web sites, (f) medical reference book, (g) manufacturer's consumer phone number, (h) print ads, and (i) television ads. Two hundred thirteen persons were asked to make ratings of these sources according to (1) the likelihood that they would use each source, (2) perceived ease of use to obtain information from each source, and (3) how complete the information would be in providing prescription drug information. The results indicate that the pharmacist and physician sources were in general given significantly higher ratings across all of three dimensions than all the other sources. The two next highly rated sources were family or friend and manufacturer's web site. Television and print ads were rated the lowest among all of the sources. Implications of these results are discussed with emphasis on the Internet as a growing source of prescription drug information.
Application of laser ultrasonic non-destructive evaluation technique to additive manufacturing (2016)

The change in properties of a propagating ultrasonic wave has been a mainstay characterization tool of the nondestructive evaluation (NDE) industry for identifying subsurface defects (e.g. damage). A variant of this concept could be applicable to 3D additive manufacturing where the existence of defects (e.g. pores) within a sub-layer could mark a product as non-qualifying. We have been exploring the utility of pulsed laser ultrasonic excitation coupled with CW laser heterodyne detection as an all optical scheme for characterizing sub surface layer properties. The all-optical approach permits a straight forward integration into a laser additive processing tool. To test the concept, we have developed an experimental system that generates pulsed ultrasonic waves (the probe) with high bandwidth (&lt;&lt;10MHz) and a surface displacement sensor that can capture the ultrasonic "return" signal with bandwidth close to 300 MHz. The use of high frequencies enables the detection of smaller defect sites. The technique is time resolved with the sensor and probe as point (&gt;&gt;30-200 microns) beams. Current tests include characterizing properties of spot weld joints between two thin stainless steel plates. The long term objective is to transition the technique into a laser additive manufacturing tool.
Preservation of Post-Infarction Cardiac Structure and Function via Long-Term Oral Formyl Peptide Receptor Agonist Treatment (2019)

Dysregulated inflammation following myocardial infarction (MI) promotes left ventricular (LV) remodeling and loss of function. Targeting inflammation resolution by activating formyl peptide receptors (FPRs) may limit adverse remodeling and progression towards heart failure. This study characterized the cellular and signaling properties of Compound 43 (Cmpd43), a dual FPR1/FPR2 agonist, and examined whether Cmpd43 treatment improves LV and infarct remodeling in rodent MI models. Cmpd43 stimulated FPR1/2-mediated signaling, enhanced proresolution cellular function, and modulated cytokines. Cmpd43 increased LV function and reduced chamber remodeling while increasing proresolution macrophage markers. The findings demonstrate that FPR agonism improves cardiac structure and function post-MI.
Directional Superficial Photofluidization for Deterministic Shaping of Complex 3D Architectures (2015)

The fabrication of micro- and nanostructures is one of the cornerstones of current materials science and technology. There is a strong interest in processing methods capable of manufacturing engineered complex structures on a large area. A method that is gaining a growing attention in this context is based on surface reshaping of photosensitive materials, such as certain azobenzene derivatives by way of a process of light-induced mass migration, also described as "athermal photofluidization". Here, we apply this method to prestructured substrate, converting simple periodic structures initially patterned only in two dimensions into complex-shaped three-dimensional (3D) structures by a single processing step over a large area. The optical variables of the irradiating beam are used to gain unprecedented deterministic control on the resulting 3D architectures. We also provide some initial demonstrations of the potential application of this novel shaping method, including unidirectional wetting surfaces and micro- and nanoscaled fluidic channel manufactured with it.
Simulation tools for system, device and network modeling (2001)

Simulation tools are becoming ever more critical in evaluating design parameters for high-performance optical communications. Modeling tools have taken on even more importance when considering the explosive growth in the number of small companies that cannot afford to test experimentally all the possible system scenarios.
High stability light-emitting electrochemical cells from cationic iridium complexes with bulky 5,5′ substituents (2011)

We explore the photophysical, electrochemical, and electroluminescent properties of the ionic transition metal complex [(ppy)2Ir(bpy*)](PF6) where ppyH is 2-phenylpyridine and bpy* is 5,5′-diaryl-2,2′-bipyridine. Single layer devices of the structure ITO/[(ppy)2Ir(bpy*)](PF6)/Au exhibited high stability, with half-lives on the order of 100 h at a bias of −4 V. Long lifetimes are achieved through the bulky nature of the aryl substituents, which serves to limit chromophore–chromophore self-quenching, and 5,5′ positioning of these bulky groups is clearly advantageous for device performance.
ChemInform Abstract: Reduction of 4,5‐Dihydro‐1,2‐oxazoles (Δ2‐Isoxazolines). A Cycloadditive Approach to 2‐Alkenyl Ketones. (1986)

Abstract Die Cycloaddition von in situ aus (I) gebildeten Nitriloxiden an das Allylsilan (II) führt zu Isoxazolinen (III), die nach reduktiver Spaltung zu Hydroxyketonen (IV) durch nachfolgende Peterson‐Eliminierung in ß,y‐ungesättigte Ketone (V) umgewandelt werden.
Edge measurements during ICRF heating on the PLT Tokamak (1990)

Edge measurements have been conducted on the PLT Tokamak under a variety of operating conditions in order to ascertain the relevant processes at work in coupling r.f. power to plasmas. The edge density is found to increase significantly with the application of ICRF, and electron heating occurs in the vicinity of the Faraday shield surrounding with antenna. Spectroscopic measurements indicate that the energized antenna is significant particle source. The relative increase of metallic impurities was found to be approximately 2.7 times larger than the corresponding increase in deuterium. In addition, the relative increase of deuterium and impurities was approximately 3-4 times greater at the energized antenna than at other locations around the torus. Model calculations show that for deuterium released from the Faraday shield, the Dalpha emission is localized radially to a region within 4 cm of the antenna. A correlation was found between the edge density and the Dalpha intensity that justifies its use as a measure of the particle source rate.
Data from The Anticancer Activity of a First-in-class Small-molecule Targeting PCNA (2023)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) plays an essential role in regulating DNA synthesis and repair and is indispensable to cancer cell growth and survival. We previously reported a novel cancer associated PCNA isoform (dubbed caPCNA), which was ubiquitously expressed in a broad range of cancer cells and tumor tissues, but not significantly in nonmalignant cells. We found the L126-Y133 region of caPCNA is structurally altered and more accessible to protein–protein interaction. A cell-permeable peptide harboring the L126-Y133 sequence blocked PCNA interaction in cancer cells and selectively kills cancer cells and xenograft tumors. On the basis of these findings, we sought small molecules targeting this peptide region as potential broad-spectrum anticancer agents.&lt;/p&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;p&gt;By computer modeling and medicinal chemistry targeting a surface pocket partly delineated by the L126-Y133 region of PCNA, we identified a potent PCNA inhibitor (AOH1160) and characterized its therapeutic properties and potential toxicity.&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;AOH1160 selectively kills many types of cancer cells at below micromolar concentrations without causing significant toxicity to a broad range of nonmalignant cells. Mechanistically, AOH1160 interferes with DNA replication, blocks homologous recombination–mediated DNA repair, and causes cell-cycle arrest. It induces apoptosis in cancer cells and sensitizes them to cisplatin treatment. AOH1160 is orally available to animals and suppresses tumor growth in a dosage form compatible to clinical applications. Importantly, it does not cause significant toxicity at 2.5 times of an effective dose.&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;These results demonstrated the favorable therapeutic properties and the potential of AOH1160 as a broad-spectrum therapeutic agent for cancer treatment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;