gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An International Response to Questions about Terminologies, Investigation, and Management of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding: Use of an Electronic Audience Response System (2011)

More than 600 registrants attended a two-hour interactive symposium on abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) at the Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics World Congress in Cape Town, October 2009. Nearly 250 of these participants answered multiple questions through an electronic audience responder system. The audience heard five structured presentations on clinically important and controversial aspects of AUB, including terminologies and definitions, classification of causes, mechanisms of AUB in the absence of structural lesions of the reproductive tract, the potential for a structured menstrual history, and management of heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) in low-resource settings. Numerous demographic details were collected, and a total of 30 questions to the audience were interspersed through each of the presentations. The audience demonstrated great variation in the way the terms AUB, menorrhagia, and dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) are used, and considerable majorities agreed that the terms menorrhagia and DUB should be abolished. AUB should be the overarching term to describe all symptomatic departures from normal menstruation or the menstrual cycle. HMB is a suitable replacement term for menorrhagia. DUB can be replaced by the three clinical entities comprising "nonstructural" causes of AUB. There was a high consistency across demographic subgroups in answers to most questions. Acute and chronic AUB were defined, and aspects of a classification system for causes of AUB and of a structured menstrual history were explored. Issues related to investigation and hormonal treatment of HMB in low-resource settings were explored by registrants from developing countries.
Transporter Networks: Rearranging the Visual World for Robotic\n Manipulation (2020)

Robotic manipulation can be formulated as inducing a sequence of spatial\ndisplacements: where the space being moved can encompass an object, part of an\nobject, or end effector. In this work, we propose the Transporter Network, a\nsimple model architecture that rearranges deep features to infer spatial\ndisplacements from visual input - which can parameterize robot actions. It\nmakes no assumptions of objectness (e.g. canonical poses, models, or\nkeypoints), it exploits spatial symmetries, and is orders of magnitude more\nsample efficient than our benchmarked alternatives in learning vision-based\nmanipulation tasks: from stacking a pyramid of blocks, to assembling kits with\nunseen objects; from manipulating deformable ropes, to pushing piles of small\nobjects with closed-loop feedback. Our method can represent complex multi-modal\npolicy distributions and generalizes to multi-step sequential tasks, as well as\n6DoF pick-and-place. Experiments on 10 simulated tasks show that it learns\nfaster and generalizes better than a variety of end-to-end baselines, including\npolicies that use ground-truth object poses. We validate our methods with\nhardware in the real world. Experiment videos and code are available at\nhttps://transporternets.github.io\n
ensity Digital Free-Space Photonic Switches Micro-Beam Optical Interconnections ' (1996)

We describe a compact free-space photonic- switching modnle that uses micro-beam optical interconnections based on stacked planar optics and exciton absorption reflection switch (EARS) arrays. The switching modnle has two-dimensional fiber array pigtails and a two-stage, 16-input, 16-output structure (four sets of 4 x 4 switches). The micro- beam optical interconnections can provide a compact switching module (approximately 30 x 90 x 22 mm (60 cc)). A relay lens array inserted between stages eliminates beam spreading in the switch and decreases the coupling loss and crosstalk of interconnections. Two-stage switching at a data transmission rate of 4 Mbit/s is demonstrated.
Patient lifetime graphs as an aid to subsequent image interpretations (2015)

Poster: ECR 2015 / B-1191 / Patient lifetime graphs as an aid to subsequent image interpretations by: D. J. Vining1, A. Pitici2, A. Prisacariu2, C. Popovici2; 1Houston, TX/US, 2Chapel Hill, NC/US
Simultaneous coherent imaging and strain measurement using coupled photorefractive holography and shearography (2008)

By coupling photorefractive holography with speckle shearography, it is possible to simultaneously perform both coherent imaging and strain measurement. Use of the photorefractive effect, which is insensitive to incoherently scattered light, is a significant advantage in coherent imaging as described. Experimental results obtained from a centrally loaded steel plate are presented.
Abundant Non-canonical dUTP Found in Primary Human Macrophages Drives Its Frequent Incorporation by HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase (2011)

Terminally differentiated/non-dividing macrophages contain extremely low cellular dNTP concentrations (20-40 nm), compared with activated CD4(+) T cells (2-5 μm). However, our LC-MS/MS study revealed that the non-canonical dUTP concentration (2.9 μm) is ∼60 times higher than TTP in macrophages, whereas the concentrations of dUTP and TTP in dividing human primary lymphocytes are very similar. Specifically, we evaluated the contribution of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase to proviral DNA uracilation under the physiological conditions found in HIV-1 target cells. Indeed, biochemical simulation of HIV-1 reverse transcription demonstrates that HIV-1 RT efficiently incorporates dUTP in the macrophage nucleotide pools but not in the T cell nucleotide pools. Measurement of both pre-steady state and steady state kinetic parameters of dUTP incorporation reveals minimal selectivity of HIV-1 RT for TTP over dUTP, implying that the cellular dUTP/TTP ratio determines the frequency of HIV-1 RT-mediated dUTP incorporation. The RT of another lentivirus, simian immunodeficiency virus, also displays efficient dUTP incorporation in the dNTP/dUTP pools found in macrophages but not in T cells. Finally, 2',3'-dideoxyuridine was inhibitory to HIV-1 proviral DNA synthesis in macrophages but not in T cells. The data presented demonstrates that the non-canonical dUTP was abundant relative to TTP, and efficiently incorporated during HIV-1 reverse transcription, particularly in non-dividing macrophages.
High-Power Mid-Infrared Quantum Cascade Lasers for Free-Space Communications (2022)

Given the ever-growing need for high-data rate, low-latency, secure, wireless communications driven by applications ranging from vehicle automation to ad-hoc battlefield command and control, free-space communication links (FSCLs) operating outside of the regulated and crowded rf-frequency bands are increasingly in demand. Recent research has verified that there are advantages to using MWIR and LWIR wavelengths for FSCLs through the atmosphere [1]. If the transmitter and receiver components can be developed to meet the FSCL requirements, this would enable lower latency than satellite links, greater security than rf, longer range than mm-wave, and greater availability than near-IR systems.
Parasympathetic innervation of vertebrobasilar arteries: is this a potential clinical target? (2016)

This review aims to summarise the contemporary evidence for the presence and function of the parasympathetic innervation of the cerebral circulation with emphasis on the vertebral and basilar arteries (the posterior cerebral circulation). We consider whether the parasympathetic innervation of blood vessels could be used as a means to increase cerebral blood flow. This may have clinical implications for pathologies associated with cerebral hypoperfusion such as stroke, dementia and hypertension. Relative to the anterior cerebral circulation little is known of the origins and neurochemical phenotypes of the parasympathetic innervation of the vertebrobasilar arteries. These vessels normally provide blood flow to the brainstem and cerebellum but can, via the Circle of Willis upon stenosis of the internal carotid arteries, supply blood to the anterior cerebral circulation too. We review the multiple types of parasympathetic fibres and their distinct transmitter mechanisms and how these vary with age, disease and species. We highlight the importance of parasympathetic fibres for mediating the vasodilatory response to sympathetic activation. Current trials are investigating the possibility of electrically stimulating the postganglionic parasympathetic ganglia to improve cerebal blood flow to reduce the penumbra following stroke. We conclude that although there are substantial gaps in our understanding of the origins of parasympathetic innervation of the vertebrobasilar arteries, activation of this system under some conditions might bring therapeutic benefits.
Chemo‐ and Regioselective Ethynylation of Tryptophan‐Containing Peptides and Proteins (2015)

Ethynylation of various tryptophan-containing peptides and a single model protein was achieved using Waser's reagent, 1-[(triisopropylsilyl)ethynyl]-1,2-benziodoxol-3(1 H)-one (TIPS-EBX), under gold(I) catalysis. It was demonstrated by NMR that the ethynylation occurred selectively at the C2-position of the indole ring of tryptophan. Further, MS/MS showed that the tryptophan residues could be modified selectively with ethynyl functionalities even when the tryptophan was present as a part of the protein. Finally, the terminal alkyne was used to label a model peptide with a fluorophore by means of copper-catalyzed click chemistry.
The Regulation of Sulfur Metabolism in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2011)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) has evolved into a highly successful human pathogen. It deftly subverts the bactericidal mechanisms of alveolar macrophages, ultimately inducing granuloma formation and establishing long-term residence in the host. These hallmarks of Mtb infection are facilitated by the metabolic adaptation of the pathogen to its surrounding environment and the biosynthesis of molecules that mediate its interactions with host immune cells. The sulfate assimilation pathway of Mtb produces a number of sulfur-containing metabolites with important contributions to pathogenesis and survival. This pathway is regulated by diverse environmental cues and regulatory proteins that mediate sulfur transactions in the cell. Here, we discuss the transcriptional and biochemical mechanisms of sulfur metabolism regulation in Mtb and potential small molecule regulators of the sulfate assimilation pathway that are collectively poised to aid this intracellular pathogen in its expert manipulation of the host. From this global analysis, we have identified a subset of sulfur-metabolizing enzymes that are sensitive to multiple regulatory cues and may be strong candidates for therapeutic intervention.
Atomistic Simulation of Micropore Structure, Surface Area, and Gas Sorption Properties for Amorphous Microporous Polymer Networks (2008)

A series of hyper-cross-linked polymer network models was generated based on the self-condensation of dichloroxylene (DCX). In this study, we present a new method for the automated construction of simulated polymer networks in which the chain conformation is continually adjusted using a Monte Carlo approach. In addition, we demonstrate a nonarbitrary method for simulating gas sorption properties in microporous polyDCX networks by taking into account the solvent-accessible surface areas. Exploring the effects of the simulated bulk density reveals a good fit between the scaled simulated gas sorption isotherms and the measured experimental isotherms for H2 and N2 gases using a modeled polymer density of 0.8 g/cm3.
IL-1 Induces Expression of p21WAF1 Independently of p53 in High-Passage Human Embryonic Fibroblasts WI38 (2000)

We tested the effect of IL-1 on the expression of p21(WAF1) in human embryonic fibroblasts WI38. Exposure to IL-1 caused induction of p21(WAF1) protein in high-passage WI38 cells but not in early-passage cells. However, IL-1 did not stimulate the transcription of a CAT-reporter gene having two copies of the p53-responsive element on its promoter or the p53-binding capacity of nuclear extracts, although it increased transcriptional rate of p21(WAF1) in these high-passage cells. These results suggest that the induction of p21(WAF1) by IL-1 occurs at the transcriptional level, but p53 function is not required in these cells. Further studies found that IL-1 did not cause cell-cycle arrest, and the overexpression of p21(WAF1) resulted in only a slight delay of cell growth, while the level of p21(WAF1) coprecipitated with cyclin-dependent kinase-2 (Cdk2) was increased by IL-1. Moreover, a kinase assay of Cdk2 immunoprecipitates showed that IL-1 did not reduce the kinase activity, and IL-1 did not affect the status of phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma gene product (Rb). These findings imply that despite the induction of p21(WAF1), this cannot fully account for the growth arrest in high-passage WI38 cells. Thus, IL-1 mediates p21(WAF1) induction through a p53-independent pathway(s) in high-passage WI38 cells, but the cell cycle is regulated independently of p21(WAF1).
Mapping Graphene Grain Orientation by the Growth of WS2 Films with Oriented Cracks (2020)

We map the lattice orientation of graphene grains (domains) larger than a centimeter by measuring the orientation of cracks in a WS2 film grown on graphene that had been previously grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on Cu foils. A WO3 film was first deposited on the graphene film and then converted to a WS2 film by CVD sulfurization. The WS2 film was found to contain cracks that, as found by electron diffraction and optical birefringence, are always aligned along the armchair direction of the graphene lattice. We find that this method is significantly advanced compared to any published methods for the analysis of the grain structure, as it provides simultaneous and high-contrast mapping of grain orientation without needing further analysis.
A Novel OFDMA Ranging Method Exploiting Multiuser Diversity (2007)

This paper addresses initial ranging (uplink synchronization and power control) for TDD OFDMA systems. Exploiting the channel knowledge from the downlink control channel together with initial power control, we develop a novel initial ranging method which provides multiuser diversity gain and significant power saving for the subscriber stations. We present a new ranging signal design which provides multiuser diversity gain and facilitates new efficient low-complexity algorithms for multiuser ranging signal detection, timing estimation and power estimation. The advantages of the proposed approach over existing methods in terms of the ranging signal detection performance, the number of ranging frames required to finish the ranging process, the timing and power estimation performance, the ranging transmission power saving at the subscriber stations, and the complexity saving at the base station are illustrated by analytical and simulation results.
Optimizing M2M Energy Efficiency in IEEE 802.11ah (2015)

In order to efficiently support the Machine-to- Machine (M2M) applications, a new amendment of Wi-Fi standard known as IEEE 802.11ah is introduced. In 802.11ah, several enhanced MAC features are added so as to provide scalability for a large number of stations as well as to reduce the energy consumption compared with the existing Wi-Fi technologies. In this paper, a selected set of 802.11ah MAC features are discussed and optimized mainly from the perspective of energy utilization. Moreover, a new energy-saving mode, FESM, is proposed and analyzed. The evaluations are carried out with a system-level MAC simulator assuming an uplink scenario with sporadic data traffic; and complemented with an in- depth analysis for a selected M2M use case, the farming scenario, along with the energy harvesting potential.
Semi-automated curation of protein subcellular localization: a text mining-based approach to Gene Ontology (GO) Cellular Component curation (2009)

Textpresso is an effective tool for improving the efficiency of manual, experimentally based curation. Incorporating a Textpresso-based Cellular Component curation pipeline at WormBase has allowed us to transition from strictly manual curation of this data type to a more efficient pipeline of computer-assisted validation. Continued development of curation task-specific Textpresso categories will provide an invaluable resource for genomics databases that rely heavily on manual curation.
Methoden und Werkzeuge der Digitalen Fabrik für den Mittelstand (2010)

Kurzfassung Durch eine möglichst frühzeitige Abbildung der Produktionsanlagen in digitalen (virtuellen) Modellen können diese Anlagen lange vor der realen Inbetriebnahme „im Rechner“ getestet und hinsichtlich ihrer Funktionsfähigkeit abgesichert werden, wodurch erhebliche Kosten- und Zeiteinsparungen erzielt werden. Für viele Unternehmen – nicht nur aus der Automobilbranche – ist die Digitale Fabrik deshalb heute ein hochaktuelles strategisches Thema. Seit etwa 2005 ist die Digitale Fabrik in der Realität der Automobilindustrie angekommen und wird produktiv eingesetzt. Dieser Artikel stellt sich der Frage, ob und besonders wie sich die Digitale Fabrik heute schon in mittelständischen Unternehmen anwenden lässt.
Process limitation of ultrasonic burnishing for commercially available martensitic stainless steel (2020)

Ultrasonic burnishing is attracting ever-greater interest as a surface finishing process. Although the popularity of this method in manufacturing industry remains limited, research is being conducted to explore both the detailed aspects and the limitations of this method. Tangential misalignment is one of most influential parameters in determining the mechanical properties induced by ultrasonic burnishing. This study investigates the effect of tangential misalignment on the ultrasonic burnishing of martensitic stainless steel (Stavax) and the surface integrity of the processed workpiece. Both negative and positive misalignments (from 0° to 5°) angles were tested. Macro hardness, instrumental micro hardness and surface roughnesses were measured. The results revealed that at higher tangential misalignment (>5° and along the negative side), ultrasonic burnishing cannot be performed for this material. It was found that with an increase in misalignment, hardness and surface roughness increased. Instrumental micro hardness measured from the burnished end, through the depth, revealed that hardness started decreasing from 60 µm towards the center of shaft. This indicates that beside ultrasonic burnishing has induced surface hardness, effect of hardness has been induced up to 60 µm. Considering the previous literature on ultrasonic burnishing, it appears that the potential of ultrasonic burnishing has some limitations depending on the material properties.
Efficient long single molecule sequencing for cost effective and accurate sequencing, haplotyping, and de novo assembly (2018)

Obtaining accurate sequences from long DNA molecules is very important for genome assembly and other applications. Here we describe single tube long fragment read (stLFR), a technology that enables this a low cost. It is based on adding the same barcode sequence to sub-fragments of the original long DNA molecule (DNA co-barcoding). To achieve this efficiently, stLFR uses the surface of microbeads to create millions of miniaturized barcoding reactions in a single tube. Using a combinatorial process up to 3.6 billion unique barcode sequences were generated on beads, enabling practically non-redundant co-barcoding with 50 million barcodes per sample. Using stLFR, we demonstrate efficient unique co-barcoding of over 8 million 20-300 kb genomic DNA fragments. Analysis of the genome of the human genome NA12878 with stLFR demonstrated high quality variant calling and phasing into contigs up to N50 34 Mb. We also demonstrate detection of complex structural variants and complete diploid de novo assembly of NA12878. These analyses were all performed using single stLFR libraries and their construction did not significantly add to the time or cost of whole genome sequencing (WGS) library preparation. stLFR represents an easily automatable solution that enables high quality sequencing, phasing, SV detection, scaffolding, cost-effective diploid de novo genome assembly, and other long DNA sequencing applications.
Probing Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase with a Pterin–Ruthenium(II) Sensitizer Wire (2007)

Ein Bindeprozess bei Licht besehen: Eine photoaktive Ruthenium(II)-Pterin-Sonde für die Tetrahydrobiopterin(H4B)-Bindestelle der induzierbaren Stickstoffoxid-Synthase (iNOSheme) konkurriert bei der Bindung an iNOSheme mit dem natürlichen Cofaktor und weiteren niedermolekularen Verbindungen und kann daher zum Screening potenzieller Inhibitoren verwendet werden. Die Bestrahlung des iNOSheme-Sonde-Konjugats bei 450 nm führt zu einer schnellen Ladungsinjektion in die Hämgruppe.
Random Matrix Theory Applied to Acoustic Backscattering and Imaging In Complex Media (2009)

The singular values distribution of the propagation operator in a random medium is investigated in a backscattering configuration. Experiments are carried out with pulsed ultrasonic waves around 3 MHz, using an array of transducers. Coherent backscattering and field correlations are taken into account. Interestingly, the distribution of singular values shows a dramatically different behavior in the single and multiple-scattering regimes. Based on a matrix separation of single and multiple-scattered waves, an experimental illustration of imaging through a highly scattering slab is presented.
Blind Peak-to-Average PowerRatio Reduction Technique for WiMAX RFFront-end (2006)

Thispaperproposes anewtechnique forPeak-to- Average PowerRatio(PAPR)reduction using post-compensation fora RF front-end ofOFDM-basedtransmitters. A clipping function isfirst applied tothebasebandinput signal inorderto optimize theefficiency ofthepoweramplifier (PA). Thenapost- compensation technique isusedtocorrect fortheclipping in- bandandout-of-band noise. Theinjection oftheerrorsignal, computeddigitally inbasebandandtransposed totheRF frequency, attheoutputofthePAallowed thereduction ofthe errorvector magnitude andadjacent channel interference ratio. IndexTerms - ErrorVectorMagnitude, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing, Peak-to-Average PowerRatio, clipping.