gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multiplicity dependence of light-flavor hadron production in pp collisions at s=7TeV (2019)

Comprehensive results on the production of unidentified charged particles, ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}, {\mathrm{K}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}, {\mathrm{K}}_{\mathrm{S}}^{0}, {\mathrm{K}}^{*}{(892)}^{0}, p, \overline{p}, \ensuremath{\phi}$(1020), $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}, \overline{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}}, {\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Xi}}}^{\ensuremath{-}}, {\overline{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Xi}}}}^{+}, {\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$, and ${\overline{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}}^{+}$ hadrons in proton-proton ($pp$) collisions at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV at midrapidity ($|y|&lt;0.5$) as a function of charged-particle multiplicity density are presented. In order to avoid autocorrelation biases, the actual transverse momentum (${p}_{\mathrm{T}}$) spectra of the particles under study and the event activity are measured in different rapidity windows. In the highest multiplicity class, the charged-particle density reaches about 3.5 times the value measured in inelastic collisions. While the yield of protons normalized to pions remains approximately constant as a function of multiplicity, the corresponding ratios of strange hadrons to pions show a significant enhancement that increases with increasing strangeness content. Furthermore, all identified particle-to-pion ratios are shown to depend solely on charged-particle multiplicity density, regardless of system type and collision energy. The evolution of the spectral shapes with multiplicity and hadron mass shows patterns that are similar to those observed in $p$-Pb and Pb-Pb collisions at Large Hadron Collider energies. The obtained ${p}_{\mathrm{T}}$ distributions and yields are compared to expectations from QCD-based $pp$ event generators as well as to predictions from thermal and hydrodynamic models. These comparisons indicate that traces of a collective, equilibrated system are already present in high-multiplicity $pp$ collisions.
Detection of GNSS Spoofing using NMEA Messages (2020)

Many devices are dependent on the positioning, velocity, and time information provided by Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) receivers. Although the accuracy and integrity of GNSS receivers have improved over the years, the susceptibility of the receivers to signal interferences such as GNSS jamming and spoofing remains a significant issue to various systems. In this study, the authors successfully spoof a commercial u-blox GNSS receiver, and the GNSS receivers inside multiple Android smartphones, and an iPhone. In addition, it is shown that the spoofing of GNSS receivers is sufficient to successfully spoof the fused location engines of the smartphones which use not only GNSS, but a combination of other location sources such as network positioning and inertial sensors. Following the spoofing, the authors suggest how the National Marine Electronics Association (NMEA) messages provided by the GNSS receivers can be utilized to detect instances of spoofing and identify suspicious potentially spoofed satellite signals. The use of NMEA messages instead of raw GNSS measurements to detect potential GNSS spoofing allows us to assess the utility of the currently available resources, and bypass large computation loads required to obtain and process raw measurements.
High Voltage Limits for Electrostatic Transducers: On the Role of Ambient Pressure and Device Dimension in MicroDischarges (2002)

In order to understand the details of high-field breakdown in microstructures that are vacuum packaged, a series of experiments are used to determine characteristics of microdischarges. It is found that many of these contradict conventional assumptions based upon large scale discharges. When planar microelectrodes are used, Paschen's curve is not followed; the anode and cathode current paths are a strong function of pressure; voltage gradients are supported in the glow region; and the glow region is confined directly over the cathode. It is shown that magnets can be used to further confine the discharge. This information is pertinent for recently reported devices that exploit microdischarges for sensing.
Study of polymer latex coalescence by dielectric measurements in the microwave domain: Influence of latex characteristics (1990)

Abstract The coalescence process of polymer latex particles has been investigated by following simultaneously weight losses and dielectric constants variations during water evaporation in a latex deposited as a film in a resonant cavity at microwave frequency (5 GHz) and under controlled humidity and temperature. Different styrene (S) n ‐butyl acrylate (BuA) emulsion copolymer latexes were examined so as to differentiate the behaviors of film forming or non‐film‐forming latexes. In the latter ones, both flocculation and maximum packing points were clearly evidenced, whereas only the first point was shown in the former ones. The effect of other colloidal variables (particle size distribution, surface charge density, particle diameter, ionic strength) have also been studied. It is found that the influence of the last three parameters is reflective of the latex stability and can be well detected by dielectric measurement. Such a method appears to be quite reliable for studying the film‐forming process of latexes having different colloidal characteristics.
Investigating Axonal Damage in Multiple Sclerosis by Diffusion Tensor Spectroscopy (2012)

Sensitive and specific in vivo measures of axonal damage, an important determinant of clinical status in multiple sclerosis (MS), might greatly benefit prognostication and therapy assessment. Diffusion tensor spectroscopy (DTS) combines features of diffusion tensor imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy, allowing measurement of the diffusion properties of intracellular, cell-type-specific metabolites. As such, it may be sensitive to disruption of tissue microstructure within neurons. In this cross-sectional pilot study, diffusion of the neuronal metabolite N-acetylaspartate (NAA) was measured in the human normal-appearing corpus callosum on a 7 tesla MRI scanner, comparing 15 MS patients and 14 healthy controls. We found that NAA parallel diffusivity is lower in MS (p = 0.030) and inversely correlated with both water parallel diffusivity (p = 0.020) and clinical severity (p = 0.015). Interpreted in the context of previous experiments, our findings provide preliminary evidence that DTS can distinguish axonopathy from other processes such as inflammation, edema, demyelination, and gliosis. By detecting reduced diffusion of NAA parallel to axons in white matter, DTS may thus be capable of distinguishing axonal disruption in MS in the setting of increased parallel diffusion of water, which is commonly observed in MS but pathologically nonspecific.
Consensus on Indications for Medial Cuneiform Opening Wedge (Cotton) Osteotomy in the Treatment of Progressive Collapsing Foot Deformity (2020)

Level V, consensus, expert opinion.
Low-Complexity Near-ML Decoding of Large Non-Orthogonal STBCs using Reactive Tabu Search (2009)

Non-orthogonal space-time block codes (STBC) with {\em large dimensions} are attractive because they can simultaneously achieve both high spectral efficiencies (same spectral efficiency as in V-BLAST for a given number of transmit antennas) {\em as well as} full transmit diversity. Decoding of non-orthogonal STBCs with large dimensions has been a challenge. In this paper, we present a reactive tabu search (RTS) based algorithm for decoding non-orthogonal STBCs from cyclic division algebras (CDA) having large dimensions. Under i.i.d fading and perfect channel state information at the receiver (CSIR), our simulation results show that RTS based decoding of $12\times 12$ STBC from CDA and 4-QAM with 288 real dimensions achieves $i)$ $10^{-3}$ uncoded BER at an SNR of just 0.5 dB away from SISO AWGN performance, and $ii)$ a coded BER performance close to within about 5 dB of the theoretical MIMO capacity, using rate-3/4 turbo code at a spectral efficiency of 18 bps/Hz. RTS is shown to achieve near SISO AWGN performance with less number of dimensions than with LAS algorithm (which we reported recently) at some extra complexity than LAS. We also report good BER performance of RTS when i.i.d fading and perfect CSIR assumptions are relaxed by considering a spatially correlated MIMO channel model, and by using a training based iterative RTS decoding/channel estimation scheme.
A Superluminal Ring Laser for Rotation Sensing (2008)

We show that a dip in the gain profile, as a function of frequency, can be used to realize a superluminal ring laser, requiring a critical, non-trivial balance between the cavity-Q and the gain profile.
GNAT-Like Strategy for Polyketide Chain Initiation (2007)

An unexpected biochemical strategy for chain initiation is described for the loading module of the polyketide synthase of curacin A, an anticancer lead derived from the marine cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula. A central GCN5-related N-acetyltransferase (GNAT) domain bears bifunctional decarboxylase/S-acetyltransferase activity, both unprecedented for the GNAT superfamily. A CurA loading tridomain, consisting of an adaptor domain, the GNAT domain, and an acyl carrier protein, was assessed biochemically, revealing that a domain showing homology to GNAT (GNAT(L)) catalyzes (i) decarboxylation of malonyl-coenzyme A (malonyl-CoA) to acetyl-CoA and (ii) direct S-acetyl transfer from acetyl-CoA to load an adjacent acyl carrier protein domain (ACP(L)). Moreover, the N-terminal adapter domain was shown to facilitate acetyl-group transfer. Crystal structures of GNAT(L) were solved at 1.95 angstroms (ligand-free form) and 2.75 angstroms (acyl-CoA complex), showing distinct substrate tunnels for acyl-CoA and holo-ACP(L) binding. Modeling and site-directed mutagenesis experiments demonstrated that histidine-389 and threonine-355, at the convergence of the CoA and ACP tunnels, participate in malonyl-CoA decarboxylation but not in acetyl-group transfer. Decarboxylation precedes acetyl-group transfer, leading to acetyl-ACP(L) as the key curacin A starter unit.
Expression of Cyp2c/Cyp2j subfamily members and oxylipin levels during LPS‐induced inflammation and resolution in mice (2019)

Inflammatory stimuli, such as bacterial LPS, alter the expression of many cytochromes P450. CYP2C and CYP2J subfamily members actively metabolize fatty acids to bioactive eicosanoids, which exhibit potent anti-inflammatory effects. Herein, we examined mRNA levels of the 15 mouse <i>Cyp2c</i> and 7 mouse <i>Cyp2j</i> isoforms in liver, kidney, duodenum, and brain over a 96-h time course of LPS-induced inflammation and resolution. Plasma and liver eicosanoid levels were also measured by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Expression changes in <i>Cyp2c</i> and <i>Cyp2j</i> isoforms were both isoform and tissue specific. Total liver <i>Cyp2c</i> and <i>Cyp2j</i> mRNA content was reduced by 80% 24 h after LPS but recovered to baseline levels by 96 h. Total <i>Cyp2c</i> and <i>Cyp2j</i> mRNA in kidney (-19%) and duodenum (-64%) were reduced 24 h after LPS but recovered above baseline by 72 h. Total <i>Cyp2c</i> and <i>Cyp2j</i> mRNA content in brain was elevated at all time points after LPS dosing. Plasma eicosanoids transiently increased 3-6 h after administration of LPS. In liver, esterified oxylipin levels decreased during acute inflammation and before recovering. The biphasic suppression and recovery of mouse <i>Cyp2c</i> and <i>Cyp2j</i> isoforms and associated changes in eicosanoid levels during LPS-induced inflammation and resolution may have important physiologic consequences.-Graves, J. P., Bradbury, J. A., Gruzdev, A., Li, H., Duval, C., Lih, F. B., Edin, M. L., Zeldin, D. C. Expression of <i>Cyp2c</i>/<i>Cyp2j</i> subfamily members and oxylipin levels during LPS-induced inflammation and resolution in mice.
A multi-gene assay to predict long-term mortality in early stage lung adenocarcinoma (2007)

7569 Background: The likelihood of long-term mortality for patients with early stage lung adenocarcinoma is poorly defined by clinical stage and histopathological findings. Our hypothesis was that a multigene quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay can predict risk of mortality among patients with early stage lung adenocarcinoma. Methods: We identified 65 genes that were previously identified as prognostic for long-term mortality in early stage lung cancer in 3 published microarray studies and 2 PCR-based studies. RNA was extracted from 124 fresh-frozen tumor samples from consecutive patients with completely resected lung adenocarcinoma with at least 3 years of clinical follow-up. 80 samples were randomly assigned to a test group and the remainder assigned to a validation group. Real-time PCR of the 65 identified genes were run on the test set using Taq-man assays. A prediction model was created using a proportional hazards model of normalized gene expression levels using backwards model selection. A model score was calculated for each patient using model coefficients and individual gene expression levels. Patients were defined as high-risk if the model score was greater than the median score. Results: Adequate real-time PCR profiles were identified in all 80 patients. Eighteen genes were included in the final model. The proportion of patients identified as high-risk and low-risk was 52% and 48% percent, respectively. The Kaplan-Meier estimated five-year survival in the low-risk group was 82% and 5% in the high-risk group (P&lt;0.001, log-rank test). Median survival was 22 months in the high-risk group and was not reached in the low-risk group. In multivariate survival analysis, the prognostic score predicted survival independent of tumor stage and size (P&lt;0.001). Prognostic score predicted mortality better than clinical stage, based on model log-likelihood values (P&lt;0.001). Conclusions: This multi- gene assay aids in predicting long-term mortality among patients with surgically resected early stage lung adenocarcinoma. We are currently validating this model in our test set of samples. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Search for lepton flavour violating decays of heavy resonances and quantum black holes to an $$\mathrm {e}\mu $$ e μ pair in proton–proton collisions at $$\sqrt{s}=8~\text {TeV} $$ s = 8 TeV (2016)

A search for narrow resonances decaying to an electron and a muon is presented. The [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] mass spectrum is also investigated for non-resonant contributions from the production of quantum black holes (QBHs). The analysis is performed using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7[Formula: see text] collected in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8[Formula: see text] with the CMS detector at the LHC. With no evidence for physics beyond the standard model in the invariant mass spectrum of selected [Formula: see text] pairs, upper limits are set at 95 [Formula: see text] confidence level on the product of cross section and branching fraction for signals arising in theories with charged lepton flavour violation. In the search for narrow resonances, the resonant production of a [Formula: see text] sneutrino in R-parity violating supersymmetry is considered. The [Formula: see text] sneutrino is excluded for masses below 1.28[Formula: see text] for couplings [Formula: see text], and below 2.30[Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. These are the most stringent limits to date from direct searches at high-energy colliders. In addition, the resonance searches are interpreted in terms of a model with heavy partners of the [Formula: see text] boson and the photon. In a framework of TeV-scale quantum gravity based on a renormalization of Newton's constant, the search for non-resonant contributions to the [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] mass spectrum excludes QBH production below a threshold mass [Formula: see text] of 1.99[Formula: see text]. In models that invoke extra dimensions, the bounds range from 2.36[Formula: see text] for one extra dimension to 3.63[Formula: see text] for six extra dimensions. This is the first search for QBHs decaying into the [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] final state.
Multicore EDFA for Space Division Multiplexing by Utilizing Cladding-pumped Technology (2013)

Amplification characteristics of double-clad multicore EDFA are reviewed. Claddingpumping
 configuration, which has possibilities for reducing power consumption and downsizing,
 is demonstrated.
History of Programming Languages Conference: HOPL-III Co-Chairs Introduction (2007)

No abstract available.
Scalable Revocation Scheme for Anonymous Credentials Based on n-times Unlinkable Proofs (2016)

We propose the first verifier-local revocation scheme for privacy-enhancing attribute-based credentials (PABCs) that is practically usable in large-scale applications, such as national eID cards, public transportation and physical access control systems. By using our revocation scheme together with existing PABCs, it is possible to prove attribute ownership in constant time and verify the proof and the revocation status in the time logarithmic in the number of revoked users, independently of the number of all valid users in the system. Proofs can be efficiently generated using only offline constrained devices, such as existing smart-cards. These features are achieved by using a new construction called $n$-times unlinkable proofs. We show the full cryptographic description of the scheme, prove its security, discuss parameters influencing scalability and provide details on implementation aspects. As a side result of independent interest, we design a more efficient proof of knowledge of weak Boneh-Boyen signatures, that does not require any pairing computation on the prover side.
Integrating autostereoscopic multi-view lenticular displays in minimally invasive angiography (2008)

Abstract. In order to gain maximal insight in the vascular morphology during minimal invasive treatment of vascular pathologies, high resolu-tion 3D Rotational Angiography (3DRA) data is acquired and visual-ized peri-operatively. The 3D data provides good understanding of the vasculature, however in case of complex structures (e.g. liver and neuro-vasculature, and arteriovenous malformations) there is a distinct added value in showing a stereoscopic visualization to the clinician. In order to provide such a stereoscopic image, a 42 ” autosterescopic nine-view lenticular screen was mounted in the Operating Room (OR). To opti-mally assist the intervention, the stereoscopic visualization of the vascu-lature can be presented from the same viewing incidence as the real-time X-ray image, which is used to guide the intra-vascular devices, such as catheters and stents. The GPU-based implementation offers interactive manipulation throughout. 1
Phase locking of 132-μm microchip lasers through the use of pump-diode modulation (1992)

Two diode-pumped 1.32-microm Nd:YAG microchip lasers have been phase locked through the use of current modulation of the pump diode to control the frequency of the slave device. The frequency response of the microchip laser to pump-diode modulation is discussed, and the feedback circuit is described.
Changes in the regulatory form of Rhodospirillum rubrum nitrogenase as influenced by nutritional and environmental factors (1980)

The photosynthetic bacterium Rhodospirillum rubrum regulates the activity of its nitrogenase (N2ase) by interconverting the enzyme into three distinct enzymatic species: N2ase A (a fully active form) and two regulatory forms, N2ase Ractive and N2ase Rinactive. N2ase R is distinguished from N2ase A in vitro by the requirement of its Fe protein for activation by a Mn2+-dependent activating factor. N2ase is converted from the A to the R form in response to certain environmental factors such as carbon starvation, depletion of intracellular adenosine triphosphate, or the addition of NH4+ (or glutamate) to a culture of N-starved cells. The rapid inhibition of R. rubrum N2ase in vivo by NH4+ was shown to result from the conversion of N2ase A to N2ase Rinactive. On depletion of NH4+ from the culture, whole-cell N2ase activity returned; however, the enzyme remained in the R form. Unlike the effect of NH4+, adding glutamate to cells containing N2ase A did not inhibit in vivo activity, but converted the enzyme to the R form (N2ase Ractive). Although glutamate-induced N2ase R formation was much slower than the NH4+-induced reaction, it occurred in the presence of rifampin, indicating that de novo protein synthesis was not involved. This suggested that N2ase R was formed by a modification of N2ase A. Although glutamine synthetase in involved in the conversion of N2ase A to R, the adenylylation state of glutamine synthetase appears not to be involved in regulating this nitrogenase reaction.
Virtual Endoscopy of the Paranasal Sinuses Using Perspective Volume Rendered Helical Sinus Computed Tomography (1997)

Our goal was to use three-dimensional information obtained from helical computed tomographic (CT) data to explore and evaluate the nasal cavity, nasopharynx, and paranasal sinuses by simulated virtual endoscopy (VE). This was done by utilizing a new image reconstruction method known as perspective volume rendering (PVR). Thin-section helical CT of the nasal cavity, nasopharynx, and paranasal sinuses was performed on a conventional CT scanner. The data were transferred to a workstation to create views similar to those seen with endoscopy. Additional views not normally accessible by conventional endoscopy were generated. Key perspectives were selected, and a video "flight" model was choreographed and synthesized through the nasal cavity and sinuses based on the CT data. VE allows evaluation of the nasal cavity, nasopharynx, and paranasal sinuses with appreciation of the relationships of these spatially complex structures. In addition, this technique allows structural visualization with unconventional angles, perspectives, and locations not conventionally accessible. Although biopsies, cultures, and lavages routinely done with endoscopy cannot be performed with VE, this technique holds promise for improving the diagnostic evaluation of the nasal cavity, the nasopharynx, and the paranasal sinuses. The unconventional visual perspectives and very low morbidity may complement many applications of simple diagnostic endoscopy.
Numerical Methods, Simulations and Visualization for Compressible Flows. (1995)

In this paper we want to describe how we solved an industrial flow problem, the simulation in a simplified two—stroke engine. The numerical method we are using is an upwind finite volume method on an unstructured grid with arbitrary finite volumes. The grid fineness is adapted locally to a get a better resolution of important flow structures. The boundaries of the calculation domain are moving. Essential for the development for such a numerical algorithm is the graphical support to find programming errors and of course to visualize the calculated data. We will analyse the demands for the necessary graphics, which is provided by the graphical programming environment GRAPE. Furthermore we will present some of the numerical results of standard test problems in 2D and 3D to validate our numerical algorithm.
Spoken Arabic dialect identification using phonotactic modeling (2009)

The Arabic language is a collection of multiple variants, among which Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) has a special status as the formal written standard language of the media, culture and education across the Arab world. The other variants are informal spoken dialects that are the media of communication for daily life. Arabic dialects differ substantially from MSA and each other in terms of phonology, morphology, lexical choice and syntax. In this paper, we describe a system that automatically identifies the Arabic dialect (Gulf, Iraqi, Levantine, Egyptian and MSA) of a speaker given a sample of his/her speech. The phonotactic approach we use proves to be effective in identifying these dialects with considerable overall accuracy --- 81.60% using 30s test utterances.