gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Naphthalene-, Anthracene-, and Pyrene-Substituted Fullerene Derivatives as Electron Acceptors in Polymer-based Solar Cells (2014)

A series of aryl-substituted fullerene derivatives were prepared in which the aromatic moiety of [6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM) was modified by replacing the monocyclic phenyl ring with bicyclic naphthalene (NC61BM), tricyclic anthracene (AC61BM), and tetracyclic pyrene (PyC61BM). The PC61BM derivatives were synthesized from C60 using tosylhydrazone and were tested as electron acceptors in poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT)-based organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs). The lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level of NC61BM (-3.68 eV) was found to be slightly higher than those of PC61BM (-3.70 eV), AC61BM (-3.75 eV), and PyC61BM (-3.72 eV). The electron mobility values obtained for the P3HT:PC61BM, P3HT:NC61BM, P3HT:AC61BM, and P3HT:PyC61BM blend films were 2.39 × 10(-4), 2.27 × 10(-4), 1.75 × 10(-4), and 2.13 × 10(-4) cm(2) V(-1) s(-1), respectively. P3HT-based bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells were fabricated using NC61BM, AC61BM, and PyC61BM as electron acceptors, and their performances were compared with that of the device fabricated using PC61BM. The highest power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) observed for devices fabricated with PC61BM, NC61BM, AC61BM, and PyC61BM were 3.80, 4.09, 1.14, and 1.95%, respectively, suggesting NC61BM as a promising electron acceptor for OPVs.
Isolation and characterization of a chimpanzee monoclonal antibody to the G glycoprotein of human respiratory syncytial virus (1994)

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of serious lower respiratory tract disease in infants and young children. In this study a hybridoma line secreting a chimpanzee monoclonal antibody that neutralizes RSV was isolated. Two chimpanzees were immunized with recombinant vaccinia viruses that express the RSV F or G surface glycoprotein and 1 month later were infected intranasally with the wild-type RSV strain A2. Peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained from the animals were transformed with Epstein-Barr virus, and lymphoblastoid cell lines that secreted anti-RSV antibodies were identified by an RSV antigen-binding enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Supernatants from RSV antibody-secreting lymphoblastoid cell lines were tested for in vitro virus neutralization before being fused to the heteromyeloma cell GLI-H7. A chimpanzee antibody [immunoglobulin G3(lambda) subclass] produced from a hybridoma line designated E1.4/2 was shown to bind to the RSV G glycoprotein and neutralize a panel of subgroup A viruses, but not subgroup B viruses, at low (nanomolar) concentrations. Mice passively immunized with this antibody were partially resistant to RSV strain A2 challenge. The usefulness of such antibodies in immunoprophylaxis and immunotherapy of RSV infection is discussed.
Effect of Particle Size and Polarity of Long-Chain Molecules in Polymeric Films on the Supercooling Temperature (1997)

We studied the effect of particle size and polarity of long-chain molecules on supercooling when dispersed in polymeric films. Supercooling of the molecules of greater than 20 °C, which plays a key role in the thermoreversible response of recording media, was not observed for the molecules alone but occurred only when the molecules formed particles dispersed in a polymer. As the size of particles grew from 0.1–1.0 μm to 3.5 μm, the degree of supercooling of behenic acid dispersed in a copolymer of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate decreased from 30–40 °C to about 20 °C. The degree of supercooling also decreased from 21–41 °C to 8–17 °C as the polarity of the molecules decreased from fatty acids to fatty alcohols to alkanes. On the other hand, the degree of supercooling increased from 20 °C to 43 °C as the polarity of the polymer matrix increased. This large supercooling effect may be caused by the interaction between the molecules and the polymers which depends on the polarity of both the long-chain molecules and the polymers.
Viscoelasticity reduces the dynamic stresses and strains in the vessel wall: implications for vessel fatigue (2007)

The mechanical behavior of blood vessels is known to be viscoelastic rather than elastic. The functional role of viscoelasticity, however, has remained largely unclear. The hypothesis of this study is that viscoelasticity reduces the stresses and strains in the vessel wall, which may have a significant impact on the fatigue life of the blood vessel wall. To verify the hypothesis, the pulsatile stress in rabbit thoracic artery at physiological loading condition was investigated with a quasi-linear viscoelastic model, where the normalized stress relaxation function is assumed to be isotropic, while the stress-strain relationship is anisotropic and nonlinear. The artery was subjected to the same boundary condition, and the mechanical equilibrium equation was solved for both the viscoelastic and an elastic (which has a constant relaxation function) model. Numerical results show that, compared with purely elastic response, the viscoelastic property of arteries reduces the magnitudes and temporal variations of circumferential stress and strain. The radial wall movement is also reduced due to viscoelasticity. These findings imply that viscoelasticity may be beneficial for the fatigue life of blood vessels, which undergo millions of cyclic mechanical loadings each year of life.
A Two-Step Synthesis for Li2CoPO4F as High-Voltage Cathode Material (2015)

Li2CoPO4F has been synthesized via a novel two-step reaction from a solvothermally prepared precursor mixture of LiCoPO4 and LiF. Solvent influences were monitored by powder X-ray diffraction and the reaction conditions for the conversion of the precursor mixture to Li2CoPO4F were optimized. In addition, the obtained materials were characterized before and after carbon-coating by SEM, N2 sorption, elemental and thermogravimetric analysis. The electrochemical performance of the products as high-voltage cathode materials in a coin-cell was tested, and long term stability over 50 charge/discharge cycles could be demonstrated.
Peak power minimization in symbol-level precoding for cognitive MISO downlink channels (2016)

This paper proposes a new symbol-level precoding scheme at the cognitive transmitter that jointly utilizes the data and channel information to reduce the effect of nonlinear amplifiers, by reducing the maximum antenna power under quality of service constraint at the cognitive receivers. In practice, each transmit antenna has a separate amplifier with individual characteristics. In the proposed approach, the precoding design is optimized in order to control the instantaneous power transmitted by the antennas, and more specifically to limit the power peaks, while guaranteeing some specific target signal-to-noise ratios at the receivers and respecting the interference temperature constraint imposed by the primary system. Numerical results show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme, which outperforms the existing state of the art techniques in terms of reduction of the power peaks.
Alternate day versus daily atorvastatin in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol reduction: A meta-analysis (2016)

Statins are the mainstay treatment for hyperlipidemia. They are hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA inhibitors and cause reduction in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) levels. Atorvastatin is one of the most commonly used statins. These drugs are usually prescribed in a daily dose regimen. Due to the long duration of action and prolonged effect on hepatocytes, alternate day atorvastatin therapy is theoretically as effective as daily dose atorvastatin. Several studies have compared the efficacy of alternate day and daily atorvastatin in LDL-c reduction. The authors performed a metaanalysis on these studies to find evidence for alternate day atorvastatin use in LDL-c reduction. The studies comparing alternate day and daily atorvastatin regimens were selected after a literature search. LDL-c reduction in both the alternate and daily groups were calculated from the data provided in the individual studies. The mean difference in LDL-c reduction was compared between the alternate day and daily atorvastatin groups. Metaanalysis performed on the studies revealed that the mean difference in LDL-c reduction among the alternate day and daily groups was only 8.36 mg/dL (95% CI -0.49 to 17.20). This difference was statistically not significant but trends toward a daily regimen. Further subgroup analysis suggested that the difference in LDL-c reduction is smaller in an atorvastatin-naive patient population (mean difference 0.92 mg/dL [95% CI -13.55 to 15.39 mg/dL]) and also in populations with fewer risk factors for cardiovascular disease (mean difference 3.79 mg/dL (95% CI -6.40 to 13.98 mg/dL]). In conclusion, the use of alternate day atorvastatin can reduce the cost by one-half and possibly offset many of its side effects. However, long-term studies with large sample sizes are required to evaluate its effect on cardiovascular events and mortality.
Immunotolerance in Liver Transplantation (2017)

Abstract The burden of life-long immunosuppressive medication must be overcome if progress is to be made in long-term outcomes following transplantation. The liver exhibits intrinsic tolerogenic properties that contribute to a unique propensity toward spontaneous acceptance when transplanted. Hence, a proportion of liver transplant recipients develop a state of immunotolerance and display persistently normal allograft function despite the discontinuation of immunosuppression. However, this phenomenon remains elusive for the majority of recipients. Investigations performed in experimental models of spontaneous liver allograft tolerance and in clinical cases of immunosuppression-free liver transplant acceptance have yielded mechanistic insights at the heart of recent strategies toward tolerance prediction and promotion. Results from recent clinical trials signal a shift in how liver allograft tolerance is viewed—not an elusive rarity of academic interest, but a potentially relevant clinical opportunity, which can be safely pursued if appropriately targeted.
A 65 nm, 850 MHz, 256 kbit, 4.3 pJ/access, ultra low leakage power memory using dynamic cell stability and a dual swing data link (2011)

This paper presents a 65nm, 256 kbit SRAM memory which achieves both ultra low leakage power and very low active energy consumption at a speed of 850 MHz. Used techniques include divided word and bitlines, local write sense amplifiers, dynamic cell stability and a distributed decoder. In addition, three novel techniques are proposed which decrease power consumption even further. High threshold voltage cells reduce leakage and improve stability. Dual swing signalling on the global bitlines reduces energy without compromising robustness. The decoder uses a new type of dynamic gate to increase speed. The design was fabricated in a low power 65nm CMOS process. Measured performance for this 256 kbit SRAM with 32 bit wordlength is 4.3pJ per access and 25.2 μW leakage power at a speed of 850 MHz.
Enantioselective Total Syntheses of Ditryptophenaline and ent-WIN 64821 (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTEnantioselective Total Syntheses of Ditryptophenaline and ent-WIN 64821Larry E. Overman and Daniel V. PaoneView Author Information Department of Chemistry, 516 Rowland Hall University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 38, 9465–9467Publication Date (Web):August 31, 2001Publication History Received13 July 2001Published online31 August 2001Published inissue 1 September 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja0166141https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0166141rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4007Altmetric-Citations111LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Diols,Organic compounds,Oxidation,Pharmaceuticals,Redox reactions Get e-Alerts
Advantages of joint access network planning in dense populated areas (2014)

The continuous increase of services bandwidth is forcing operators to upgrade their access networks. Fixed access networks are migrating from copper technology and GPON to new optical access networks, whereas mobile networks are migrating from 3G to 4G and in the near future to 5G. However, these migrations are being done in parallel and independently, causing inefficiency and increasing the costs. In this paper, we analyze two passive optical network architectures supporting access and backhaul networks. We present the comparison of independent vs. a joint access network planning with regard to cost. It is shown that new architecture offer savings (almost 20% savings in infrastructure costs when compared to GPON). Furthermore, a joint planning offers more savings (a further 3.5% with respect the disjoint planning) although using the same architecture. However, savings promise to increase significantly with the number of base stations, as expected with the use of smaller cells (e.g., micro- and pico-cells). The impact of protection to cost is also analyzed.
Methane Leak Detection and Localization Using Wireless Sensor Networks for Remote Oil and Gas Operations (2018)

Oil and gas operations contribute on the order of 31% (according to EPA) to the portion of methane emissions due to human activities. Identifying and localizing these emission sources requires continued development of better sensing modalities. We present a sensor network and cloud based methods for detecting, localizing, and quantifying methane leaks with a focus on natural gas fracking sites. The sensor network is designed for year round remote autonomous operation and includes methane and wind sensing abilities.
Pharmaceutical Equivalence (2016)

This Glossary of Terms Related to Pharmaceutics is needed by practitioners in the field of pharmaceutics as this field fulfills an important and crucial role, different from the roles of other scientific disciplines involved in the drugmaking process. The glossary contains 168 definitions used in pharmaceutics. These are related to various aspects of this discipline, such as: (1) physicochemical characterization of pharmaceutical preparations and the active ingredients they contain; (2) unit operations used in the practice of pharmaceutics; (3) terms related to the various dosage forms; (4) terms related to the various modes and routes of drug delivery; (5) terms used in pharmacokinetics and biopharmaceutics in general; and additional miscellaneous terms. The field of pharmaceutics itself is of a multidisciplinary nature as its practitioners come from a variety of disciplines, such as chemistry or various biological sciences, thus a glossary containing authoritative definitions would be useful for them. The terms used in pharmaceutics are rarely covered by existing glossaries, and in the cases they are, their definitions are often inappropriate for the field of pharmaceutics and require new or modified definitions to better fit the new context.
Stable transfection of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) nuclear antigen 2 in lymphoma cells containing the EBV P3HR1 genome induces expression of B-cell activation molecules CD21 and CD23 (1990)

A set of B-cell activation molecules, including the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) receptor CR2 (CD21) and the B-cell activation antigen CD23 (Blast2/Fc epsilon RII), is turned on by infecting EBV-negative B-lymphoma cell lines with immortalizing strains of the viruslike B95-8 (BL/B95 cells). This up regulation may represent one of the mechanisms involved in EBV-mediated B-cell immortalization. The P3HR1 nonimmortalizing strain of the virus, which is deleted for the entire Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 2 (EBNA2) protein open reading frame, is incapable of inducing the expression of CR2 and CD23, suggesting a crucial role for EBNA2 in the activation of these molecules. In addition, lymphoma cells containing the P3HR1 genome (BL/P3HR1 cells) do not express the viral latent membrane protein (LMP), which is regularly expressed in cells infected with immortalizing viral strains. Using electroporation, we have transfected the EBNA2 gene cloned in an episomal vector into BL/P3HR1 cells and have obtained cell clones that stably express the EBNA2 protein. In these clones, EBNA2 expression was associated with an increased amount of CR2 and CD23 steady-state RNAs. Of the three species of CD23 mRNAs described, the Fc epsilon RIIa species was preferentially expressed in these EBNA2-expressing clones. An increased cell surface expression of CR2 but not of CD23 was observed, and the soluble form of CD23 molecule (SCD23) was released. We were, however, not able to detect any expression of LMP in these cell clones. These data demonstrate that EBNA2 gene is able to complement P3HR1 virus latent functions to induce the activation of CR2 and CD23 expression, and they emphasize the role of EBNA2 protein in the modulation of cellular gene implicated in B-cell proliferation and hence in EBV-mediated B-cell immortalization. Nevertheless, EBNA2 expression in BL/P3HR1 cells is not able to restore the level of CR2 and CD23 expression observed in BL/B95 cells, suggesting that other cellular or viral proteins may also have an important role in the activation of these molecules: the viral LMP seems to be a good candidate.
Radioimmunodetection in patients with suspected ovarian cancer. (1985)

Twenty-five patients, having either unilateral ovarian tumors of unknown etiology or suspected of having ovarian cancer recurrence were investigated by the method of immunoscintigraphy to rule out primary and/or metastatic tumor sites. Four-hundred micrograms of the tumor-associated monoclonal mouse antibody HMFG-2, raised against human milk fat globulin membranes and labeled with 123I, were used for each patient to display the tumor sites by external scintigraphy. The dose ranged between 0.5 and 2.2 mCi, the specific activity between 1.25 and 5.5 mCi per mg of antibody. Nineteen of the patients underwent operations a few days after immunoscintigraphy. The remaining six patients were investigated by transmission computed tomography (TCT) to establish the presence or absence of tumor of the imaging. In 22 of the 25 cases the scintigraphic results correlated with the situation found at the subsequent operation, or by TCT, respectively, as well as with the histological diagnosis of the tumor type. Overall, there were just two false-negative and one false-positive scan report, the latter due to faulty reading of the scintigrams. Sixteen out of 18 tumor sites in 25 patients could be revealed by immunoscintigraphy, the smallest one being 1.5 cm in diam. In four of the patients immunoscintigraphy was the only noninvasive investigation method that could reveal the malignant tumor sites prior to the operation.
The Detection of Ionizing Radiation by Plasma Panel Sensors: Cosmic Muons, Ion Beams and Cancer Therapy (2012)

The plasma panel sensor is an ionizing photon and particle radiation detector derived from PDP technology with high gain and nanosecond response. Experimental results in detecting cosmic ray muons and beta particles from radioactive sources are described along with applications including high energy and nuclear physics, homeland security and cancer therapeutics
Parallel adaptive evolution cultures ofEscherichia colilead to convergent growth phenotypes with different gene expression states (2005)

Laboratory evolution can be used to address fundamental questions about adaptation to selection pressures and, ultimately, the process of evolution. In this study, we investigated the reproducibility of growth phenotypes and global gene expression states during adaptive evolution. The results from parallel, replicate adaptive evolution experiments of Escherichia coli K-12 MG1655 grown on either lactate or glycerol minimal media showed that (1) growth phenotypes at the endpoint of evolution are convergent and reproducible; (2) endpoints of evolution have different underlying gene expression states; and (3) the evolutionary gene expression response involves a large number of compensatory expression changes and a smaller number of adaptively beneficial expression changes common across evolution strains. Gene expression changes initially showed a large number of differentially expressed genes in response to an environmental change followed by a return of most genes to a baseline expression level, leaving a relatively small set of differentially expressed genes at the endpoint that varied between evolved populations.
An assessment of the mobility degradation induced by remote charge scattering (2009)

Carrier mobility reduces when the gate SiON becomes thinner than 2 nm or high-k layer is used. Agreement has not yet been reached on the level of reduction and on the underlying mechanism. Remote charge scattering has been proposed to be responsible for the mobility reduction and this work assesses its importance. By increasing charge density at 0.56–1 nm from the substrate interface to the order of 1020 cm−3, it is found that both electron and hole mobility changes little.
User Scheduling for Precoded Satellite Systems With Individual Quality of Service Constraints (2021)

peer reviewed
A 3-V, 6-bit C-2C digital-to-analog converter using complementary organic thin-film transistors on glass (2009)

A 3-V, 6-bit DAC is designed using complementary organic thin-film transistors on a glass substrate. The p-channel and n-channel transistors utilize dinaphtho-thieno-thiophene (DNTT) and hexadecafluorocopperphthalocyanine (F <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">16</sub> CuPc) as the organic semiconductors, respectively. A low-temperature process compatible with flexible plastic substrates is used to fabricate the circuit. The DAC utilizes switched-capacitors to circumvent the large transistor variations, and a C-2C structure to avoid the very large capacitances that would otherwise be required in the thin-film process. With calibration, the DAC achieves DNL and INL of less than +/- 1 LSB at a conversion rate of 100 Hz.