gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cyclic Carbodiphosphorane–Diphosphinocarbene Thermal Interconversion (2006)

Die ungewöhnliche thermische Ringverengung eines fünfgliedrigen cyclischen Azacarbodiphosphorans zu einem viergliedrigen 1,2λ5-Azaphosphet wurde beobachtet. Experimentelle Ergebnisse und Rechnungen sprechen dafür, dass die Ringverengung aus einer bemerkenswerten Umwandlung zwischen zwei Arten divalenter Kohlenstoffspezies resultiert: einem dianionischen Carbodiphosphoran und einem Diphosphinocarben (siehe Schema). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2006/z603151_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Transfer Printed Microcells with Micro-Optic Concentrators for Low Cost, High Performance Photovoltaic Modules (Final Scientific and Technical Report) (2011)

This program of work established and validated a new form factor and fully scalable manufacturing processes for low cost, high performance photovoltaic modules. The programmatic highlights of the work include cost-effective assembly of modules fabricated from single crystalline semiconductor inks by high-throughput transfer printing of the micro-cells, advanced methods of systems level integration of sparse arrays, and design and fabrication of micro optical concentrator arrays that provide significant collection efficiencies of light and high performance of the system when integrated with the PV array module. The designs further provide efficient but fully passive heat management that simplifies fabrication while further enhancing operating capabilities of the modules. This collaborative program of research carried out under this award has exceeded all key guidelines laid out in the original proposal. It first has provided a new means to utilize high performance semiconductor materials in an exceptionally low cost and robust form factor. The technology so engendered by these key materials discoveries, new means of manufacturing, and advanced systems level designs are establishing new benchmarks for reductions in the installed cost/kWh relative to any commercial photovoltaic (PV) energy technology currently in use. The work in this program, having surpassed its key scientific milestones, has gone further and with our partners has now fully validated designs with scalable manufacturing methods for photovoltaic modules that use large-scale arrays of high efficiency solar microcells created from bulk wafers, integrating them in diverse spatial layouts on foreign substrates by transfer printing. Full research modules installed and operating at a utility site since 2010 have established the designs to be a viable PV technology.
Evaluation of convergence speed of a modified Nesterov gradient method for CT reconstruction (2012)

In solving statistical iterative reconstruction problems, gradient-based algorithms are more amenable to parallel computing hardware such as GPUs and hence, can be made to have lower computation cost per iteration. However, they typically require more iterations to converge to a useful image. Among various acceleration techniques, algorithms proposed by Nesterov have proven to achieve an optimal convergence rate from certain theoretical perspectives. The Nesterov algorithms have shown potential to accelerate convergence speeds in several convex optimization problems such as compressed sensing reconstruction. In this paper, we introduce a modified Nesterov gradient (MNG) algorithm to CT model-based iterative reconstruction (MBIR) with an edge-preserving prior adjusted for clinical applications. MNG leverages an optimization concept similar to Nesterov's original algorithm but employs a surrogate function to simplify the selection of the step size parameters. CT images in this manuscript were produced using both a computer simulation and a real dataset from a GE 64-slice scanner. The convergence rate of MNG is compared with conventional gradient descent (GD) and nonlinear conjugate gradient (NCG) methods. We also investigated combining the proposed algorithm with a ramp-filter-based preconditioner to further accelerate the convergence. Our results suggest that MNG significantly accelerates convergence compared to GD in both non-preconditioned and preconditioned cases.
Next Generation PON offering 40G or more bandwidth (2012)

This paper reviews PON technologies with a rate of at least 40Gb/s for the next generation broadband access. The time and wavelength division multiplexed PON (TWDM-PON) is investigated as the primary solution for 40Gb/s access.
Nd:LuVO4 Laser Passively Mode-Locked by χ(2)-Lens Formation in Periodically-Poled Stoichiometric Lithium Tantalate (2011)

Stable mode-locking of a Nd:LuVO4 laser by intracavity second harmonic generation in PPMgSLT nonlinear crystal is demonstrated with maximum achieved average powers of 1.7 W and pulse durations as short as 3.4 ps.
Colour object recognition (1992)

Since colour characterizes local surface properties and is largely viewpoint insensitive it is a useful cue for object recognition. Indeed, Swain and Ballard have developed a simple scheme, called colour-indexing, which identifies objects by matching colourspace histograms. Their approach is remarkably robust in that variations such as a shift in viewing position, a change in the scene background or even object deformation degrade recognition only slightly. Colour-indexing fails, however, if the intensity or spectral characteristics of the incident illuminant varies. This thesis examines two different strategies for rectifying this failure. Firstly we consider applying a colour constancy transform to each image prior to colour-indexing (colours are mapped to their appearance under canonical lighting conditions). To solve for the colour constancy transform assumptions must be made about the world. These assumptions dictate the types of objects which can be recognized by colour-indexing...
A 12-Gb/s -16.8-dBm OMA Sensitivity 23-mW Optical Receiver in 65-nm CMOS (2017)

Optical interconnects are being increasingly deployed in data centers to meet growing bandwidth requirements under tight power constraints. Therefore, there has been renewed focus on increasing data rates and improving power efficiency of optical links. Among all the link components, laser diodes typically consume the most power. Their power dissipation is dictated by the amount of signal power that needs to be transmitted to meet the bit error rate requirements under given channel loss and receiver sensitivity conditions. Consequently, improving receiver sensitivity directly helps lowering laser diode power consumption. In this paper, we present design techniques to implement such high sensitivity optical receivers. To this end, we identify noise-bandwidth tradeoffs of a shunt feedback transimpedance amplifier (SF-TIA) and elucidate how they limit the maximum achievable sensitivity at a given data rate and process technology. We then propose to combine a low-bandwidth SF-TIA with a four-tap decision feedback equalizer to overcome this noise-bandwidth tradeoff. The proposed SF-TIA uses high-gain multistage amplifier and large feedback resistance and achieves greatly improved noise performance. Fabricated in a 65-nm CMOS technology and heterogeneously integrated with a photonic IC, the proposed optical receiver achieves optical modulation amplitude sensitivity of -16.8 dBm with 1.9-pJ/bit efficiency at 12 Gb/s.
Abnormalities in Lipoprotein Metabolism Provide Insight into Novel Therapeutic Approaches for Waldenstrom’s Macroglobulinemia (WM). (2006)

Abstract WM is an incurable B-cell disorder characterized by the presence of lymphoplasmacytic cells in the bone marrow and an IgM monoclonal protein. The presence of hypocholesterolemia has often been observed in WM patients, though the incidence and significance has not been investigated. As part of these studies, we evaluated lipoprotein levels in 110 patients with WM. The median age for this cohort was 62, and median number of prior therapies was 1. Twenty-one (19.1%) patients were on a lipid-lowering agent (lovastatin, simvastatin, pravastatin). We observed decreased total cholesterol (&amp;lt;160 mg/dL), LDL (&amp;lt;100 mg/dL) and VLDL (&amp;lt;40 mg/dL) levels in 41 (37.3%), 68 (61.8%) and 90 (81.8%) patients, respectively. Among the 41 patients with a cholesterol level of &amp;lt;160 mg/dL, only 7 patients were on a lipid lowering agent. Importantly, median serum IgM levels which serve as a surrogate marker for WM disease burden were higher among patients with hypocholesterolemia (3440 vs. 1587 mg/dL; p=0.0004). Moreover, significantly lower levels of serum IgM (885 vs. 1960 mg/dL; p=0.004) were observed among patients on a lipid-lowering agent. Given these results, which suggested a possible disease dependency on cholesterol metabolism, as well as possible anti-tumor effect of statins, we explored the impact of two statins (lovastatin, simvastatin) on the growth and survival of BCWM.1 WM cells. The studies demonstrated that both lovastatin and simvastatin inhibited proliferation (by MTT assay), and induced apoptosis (by Annexin-PI assay) in a dose dependent manner (0.5–50 um) at concentrations that overlapped pharmacologically achievable levels. Taken together, these studies suggest that lipoprotein metabolism may be essential for WM growth and survival, and that statin agents may represent clinically useful agents for the treatment of WM.
Chemoenzymatic synthesis of carbocyclic oxetanocin-A involving a novel photochemical rearrangement (1992)

The anti-herpes agent carbocyclic oxetanocin-A (–)-2 has been prepared from the bicyclic ketone 3via resolution of the bromohydrin 4(using an enzyme-catalysed trans-esterification reaction) and a photocatalysed rearrangement of the epoxide (+)-6 to the lactone (+)-7.
Foreword: Special Section on Electrical Contacts (2017)

Welcome to the Special Topics Section dedicated to the 2015 Holm Conference on Electrical Contacts. This Special Section contains six high-quality papers that comprehensively describe the state of the art and potential future directions for topics of great interest to our readers. The Editor-in-Chief (EIC), in consultation with the other EICs, Associate Editors (AEs), and domain experts, selects the topics for the Special Sections, and a Guest Editor or AE (GE/AE) who is a leading expert in the technical area then directs the solicitation and peer review of the papers. In cases where the GE/AE is also an author, the EIC is responsible for the peer review to avoid any real or perceived conflicts of interest.
Monoclonal gammopathy‐associated pure red cell aplasia (2016)

Pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) is a rare disorder characterized by inhibition of erythroid precursors in the bone marrow and normochromic, normocytic anaemia with reticulocytopenia. Among 51 PRCA patients, we identified 12 (24%) patients having monoclonal gammopathy, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance or smouldering multiple myeloma, with presence of monoclonal protein or abnormal serum free light chains and atypical bone marrow features of clonal plasmacytosis, hypercellularity and fibrosis. Thus far, three patients treated with anti-myeloma based therapeutics have responded with reticulocyte recovery and clinical transfusion independence, suggesting plasma cells play a key role in the pathogenesis of this specific monoclonal gammopathy-associated PRCA.
Inhibiting retinoic acid signaling ameliorates graft-versus-host disease by modifying T-cell differentiation and intestinal migration (2013)

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a critical complication after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. During GVHD, donor T cells are activated by host antigen-presenting cells and differentiate into T-effector cells (Teffs) that migrate to GVHD target organs. However, local environmental factors influencing Teff differentiation and migration are largely unknown. Vitamin A metabolism within the intestine produces retinoic acid, which contributes to intestinal homeostasis and tolerance induction. Here, we show that the expression and function of vitamin A-metabolizing enzymes were increased in the intestine and mesenteric lymph nodes in mice with active GVHD. Moreover, transgenic donor T cells expressing a retinoic acid receptor (RAR) response element luciferase reporter responded to increased vitamin A metabolites in GVHD-affected organs. Increasing RAR signaling accelerated GVHD lethality, whereas donor T cells expressing a dominant-negative RARα (dnRARα) showed markedly diminished lethality. The dnRARα transgenic T cells showed reduced Th1 differentiation and α4β7 and CCR9 expression associated with poor intestinal migration, low GVHD pathology, and reduced intestinal permeability, primarily via CD4(+) T cells. The inhibition of RAR signaling augmented donor-induced Treg generation and expansion in vivo, while preserving graft-versus-leukemia effects. Together, these results suggested that reagents blunting donor T-cell RAR signaling may possess therapeutic anti-GVHD properties.
Cell cultures in replacement therapy (2018)

Cell replacement therapy is one of the top priority areas of modern medicine, which is aimed at restoring the structure and functions of damaged tissues by transplanting cells grown in vitro . The article summarizes data obtained in several studies of diploid cell lines (allogeneic fibroblasts) used as replacement therapy in various therapeutic areas as part of application of medical technology innovations. The article describes benefits of using fibroblasts and the routes of cell culture administration. At present the use of medicinal products containing viable human cells (biomedical cell products) is regulated by Federal Law 180-FZ «On biomedical cell products» of 23 June 2016. Cell cultures used in the production of biomedical cell products should be morphologically homogeneous populations of cells derived from a specific tissue and should have a limited life span, a stable karyotype (at least 75 % of cells should have a double set of chromosomes), should not be associated with cancer risks, be free from extraneous agents, have low levels of histocompatibility antigens expression. According to 180-FZ, all characteristics of a cell line supporting the quality of a biomedical cell product should be reflected in the biomedical cell product specification. Before the adoption of 180-FZ only certified cell cultures could be clinically used. The therapeutic potential of fibroblasts related to optimization of reparative processes, improvement of regenerative and adaptive capabilities, as well as the accumulated experience of their clinical use are stirring interest to the development of fibroblast-based biomedical cell products and their use as replacement therapy. However, it should be pointed out that according to 180-FZ biomedical cell products may not be produced using «biological material obtained by interrupting or jeopardising an embryo/fetus development process».
Preliminary report on development of nonintrusive flow instrumentation at the ANL Solid-Liquid Test Facility (1983)

Commercially available flowmeters, mostly of the intrusive type, have not performed well in measuring mass flow in solid/liquid media found in coal gasification plants. Argonne National Laboratory is examining or developing a number of nonintrusive flowmeters for coal gasification slurries. The performance of four nonintrusive flow instruments is assessed in a coal-oil slurry at the ANL Solid-Liquid Test Facility (SLTF). The slurry mass flow rate is determined from individual measurements of the slurry density and velocity over a range of slurry velocities from 0.4 to 3.7 m/s and coal concentrations from 0 to 60 wt %. The density and velocity are measured by the capacitive and acoustic cross-correlation flowmeters while the slurry velocity only is measured by the acoustic Doppler and gamma transmission flowmeters. For the series of flow tests, the four flowmeter systems produced quantitative information for flow regimes that ranges from Newtonian at low coal concentrations to strongly non-Newtonian at high coal concentrations. The readout of all flow instruments is compared with the independent measurements of the slurry density, velocity, and solid concentration from the SLTF 1% timed weight/volume diversion system, grab-sample evaluations, and the on-line Pulsed Neutron Activation system. The results are discussed in terms of theoreticalmore » models which verify the observed velocity dependence for each flowmetering system on the flow regime and flow sensor-specific geometry. Based on this preliminary work, improved data processing schemes and sensor geometry optimization will be sought, with the goal of developing a family of accurate nonintrusive flowmetering systems that are substantial free from readout errors over the range of flow regimes encountered in industrial coal slurry systems. 65 references, 50 figures, 10 tables.« less
Defect-engineering a metal–organic framework for CO2 fixation in the synthesis of bioactive oxazolidinones (2020)

Three-component, solvent-free cycloaddition of epoxides with aromatic amines and CO<sub>2</sub>.
Photon: A Fast Query Engine for Lakehouse Systems (2022)

Many organizations are shifting to a data management paradigm called the "Lakehouse," which implements the functionality of structured data warehouses on top of unstructured data lakes. This presents new challenges for query execution engines. The engine needs to provide good performance on the raw uncurated datasets that are ubiquitous in data lakes, and excellent performance on structured data stored in popular columnar file formats like Apache Parquet. Toward these goals, we present Photon, a vectorized query engine for Lakehouse environments that we developed at Databricks. Photon can outperform existing warehouses on SQL workloads and also supports the Apache Spark API. We discuss the design choices we made in Photon (e.g., vectorization vs. code generation) and describe its integration with our existing SQL and Apache Spark runtimes, its task model, and its memory manager. Photon has accelerated some customer workloads by over 10x and has recently allowed Databricks to set a new audited performance record for the official 100TB TPC-DS benchmark.
Betulin binds to melanocortin receptors and antagonizes α‐melanocyte stimulating hormone induced cAMP generation in mouse melanoma cells (2007)

Betulin is a principal component of birch bark and is known to possess a broad range of biological activities, including antiinflammatory, antiviral and anticancer actions. The present study was carried out in vitro to clarify the influence of betulin on melanocortin (MC) receptor-ergic signalling by using COS-7 cells transfected with corresponding human MC receptor DNA. The results showed that betulin binds to the human melanocortin MC1, three to five receptors with selectivity to the MC1 subtype (K(i) value 1.022 +/- 0.115 microM). Betulin binds to the MC receptors with the following potency order-MC > MC3 > MC5 > MC4. Betulin itself does not stimulate cAMP generation, however, it slightly antagonizes alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH)-induced cAMP accumulation in the mouse melanoma cell line B16-F1. As a water-insoluble substance, betulin was dissolved in DMSO therefore DMSO competition with the labelled ligand NDP-MSH for the binding to the MC receptors was tested in the identical experimental set-up. We found that DMSO competes for binding to all the MC receptor subtypes, at 20% concentration and above. Selectivity for one or another receptor subtype was not observed. We have demonstrated for the first time, the ability of the plant compound betulin to bind to the MC receptors. One may suggest MC receptor MC1 subtype as the essential target for the antimelanoma action of betulin and its structurally close molecules such as betulinic acid. Moreover, we have found a new non-peptide small molecule MC mimetic, that is betulin. Thus, we report a new chemical motif for the binding to the MC receptors that could be used as a template for the search of more selective MC mimetics.
80-channel WDM-MDM communication link utilizing a Photonic Crystal Resonator and Inverse-Designed Mode-Division Multiplexers (2022)

We demonstrate a 80-channel communication link with &gt;150 Gbps error-free data transmission utilizing Photonic Crystal Resonator (PhCR) with normal dispersion as a comb source. We utilize a 4-channel inverse-designed mode-division multiplexer to increase data rates.
Mechanistic study of membrane concentration and recovery of Listeria monocytogenes (2004)

Detection of the foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes requires that food samples be processed to remove proteins and lipids, concentrate microorganisms to a detectable concentration, and recover the concentrated cells in a small volume compatible with micron-scale biochips. Mechanistic considerations addressed in this research include the roles of membrane structure, pore size, and detergents in maximizing recovery of cells from a complex biological fluid. The fluid in this case was a food sample (hotdog extract) inoculated with L. monocytogenes. This study showed how membrane filtration using a syringe filter is able to concentrate L. monocytogenes by 95x with up to 95% recovery of living microorganisms by concentrating 50 mL of food sample into a volume of 500 microL. Tween 20 was added to the sample to prevent irreversible adsorption of the microorganism to the membrane and thereby help to ensure high recovery. Comparison of polycarbonate, mixed cellulose, nylon, and PVDF membranes with 0.2 to 0.45 microm pores showed the 0.2 microm polycarbonate membrane with straight through, mono-radial pores gives the highest recovery of living microorganisms. The mixed cellulose, nylon, and PVDF membranes have a fibrous structure whose characteristic openings are much larger than their effective pore size cut-offs of 0.22 or 0.45 microm. We define conditions for rapid membrane-based cell concentration and recovery that has the potential to supplant enrichment steps that require a day or more. This approach has the added benefit of facilitating examination of a large amount of fluid volume by reducing its volume to a range that is compatible with the microliter scales of biochip or other biosensor detection systems.
Cell Based Therapies as Compared to Autologous Bone Grafts for Spinal Arthrodesis (2013)

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Phosphorylation of Phosphoprotein Enriched in Astrocytes (PEA-15) Regulates Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinase-dependent Transcription and Cell Proliferation (2005)

Cell cycle progression is dependent on the nuclear localization and transcriptional effects of activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1 and ERK2 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases (ERK1/2). Phosphoprotein enriched in astrocytes (PEA-15) binds ERK1/2 and inhibits their nuclear localization, thus blocking cell proliferation. Here, we report that phosphorylation of PEA-15 blocks its interaction with ERK1/2 in vitro and in vivo and that phosphorylation of both Ser104 and Ser116 is required for this effect. Using phosphomimetic and nonphosphorylatable mutants of PEA-15, we found that PEA-15 phosphorylation abrogates its capacity to block the nuclear localization and transcriptional activities of ERK1/2; this phosphorylation therefore enables the proliferation of cells that express high levels of PEA-15. Additionally, we report that PEA-15 phosphorylation can modulate nontranscriptional activities of ERK1/2, such as the modulation of the affinity of integrin adhesion receptors. Finally, we used a novel anti-phospho-specific PEA-15 antibody to establish that PEA-15 is phosphorylated in situ in normal mammary epithelium. These results define a novel posttranslational mechanism for controlling the subcellular localization of ERK1/2 and for specifying the output of MAP kinase signaling.