gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The rationale and design of the SMART CRT trial (2018)

Abstract Aims The SMART CRT study will assess the efficacy of an atrioventricular optimization algorithm to improve reverse remodeling among patients undergoing cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in the presence of interventricular electrical delay. Methods and results The SMART CRT study is a global, multicenter, prospective, randomized study of patients undergoing CRT implantation. The primary endpoint of this trial is response rate to CRT, defined as decrease in left ventricular end‐systolic volume (LVESV) ≥15% at 6 months compared to preimplant baseline. Additional prespecified analyses are: (1) clinical composite endpoint combining all‐cause mortality, heart failure events, New York Heart Association class, and Quality of Life (using a patient global assessment instrument); (2) the individual components of the clinical composite endpoint; (3) 6‐minute walk distance; (4) Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire; (5) LVESV as a continuous variable; and (6) absolute left‐ventricular ejection fraction. Subjects with intraventricular delay ≥ 70 ms measured between the right ventricular and left ventricular pacing leads will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to have either an AV Delay and pacing chamber determined by SmartDelay™ or a Fixed AV Delay of 120 ms with biventricular pacing. Enrollment of an estimated 726 of subjects from up to 100 centers worldwide is planned to achieve 436 randomized subjects and 370 complete data sets required to power the primary endpoint. Conclusions This trial will provide important data regarding the importance of AV Delay programming in patients with prolonged interventricular delay at the pacing sites.
A Threshold of Systemic MAGE-A Gene Expression Predicting Survival in Resected Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer (2016)

<b>Purpose:</b> Quantitative measurement of minimal residual disease predicting recurrence in individual cancer patients is available only in very few indications, such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia, but is still missing in most solid tumors, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).<b>Experimental Design:</b> MAGE-A expression levels in blood and bone marrow determined as calibrator-normalized relative ratios by quantitative multimarker real-time RT-PCR for transcript amplification of <i>MAGE</i>-A1, -A2, -A3/6, -A4, -A10, and -A12 in 94 patients with completely resected NSCLC were correlated with survival in a clinical study.<b>Results:</b> Patients with MAGE-A expression levels ≥0.2 in at least one sample of bone marrow or blood at tumor surgery had a significantly reduced overall (<i>P</i> = 0.007), cancer-free (<i>P</i> = 0.002), and distant metastasis-free survival (<i>P</i> < 0.001) versus patients below 0.2 in all samples without significant difference in locoregional recurrence-free survival. The corresponding HRs (≥0.2 vs. <0.2) for death, cancer-related death, and development of distant metastasis were 2.56 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.42-4.63], 3.32 (95% CI, 1.66-6.61), and 4.03 (95% CI, 1.77-9.18), respectively. Five-year Kaplan-Meier estimates of distant metastasis-free survival were 43% (MAGE-A ≥ 0.2) versus 87% (MAGE-A < 0.2).<b>Conclusions:</b> MAGE-A expression in blood or bone marrow at tumor surgery is an independent predictor of survival in resected NSCLC. The reliable prediction of distant metastasis in individual patients with a statistically proven impact on overall survival may help to refine patient selection for adjuvant therapy urgently needed, especially in the clinical management of elderly patients. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 23(5); 1213-9. ©2016 AACR</i>.
Modeling radiation injury-induced cell death and countermeasure drug responses in a human Gut-on-a-Chip (2018)

Studies on human intestinal injury induced by acute exposure to γ-radiation commonly rely on use of animal models because culture systems do not faithfully mimic human intestinal physiology. Here we used a human Gut-on-a-Chip (Gut Chip) microfluidic device lined by human intestinal epithelial cells and vascular endothelial cells to model radiation injury and assess the efficacy of radiation countermeasure drugs in vitro. Exposure of the Gut Chip to γ-radiation resulted in increased generation of reactive oxygen species, cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and DNA fragmentation, as well as villus blunting, disruption of tight junctions, and compromise of intestinal barrier integrity. In contrast, pre-treatment with a potential prophylactic radiation countermeasure drug, dimethyloxaloylglycine (DMOG), significantly suppressed all of these injury responses. Thus, the human Gut Chip may serve as an in vitro platform for studying radiation-induced cell death and associate gastrointestinal acute syndrome, in addition to screening of novel radio-protective medical countermeasure drugs.
Use of a Social Annotation Platform for Pre-Class Reading Assignments in a Flipped Introductory Physics Class (2018)

In this paper, we illustrate the successful implementation of pre-class reading assignments through a social learning platform that allows students to discuss the reading online with their classmates. We show how the platform can be used to understand how students are reading before class. We find that, with this platform, students spend an above average amount of time reading (compared to that reported in the literature) and that most students complete their reading assignments before class. We identify specific reading behaviors that are predictive of in-class exam performance. We also demonstrate ways that the platform promotes active reading strategies and produces high-quality learning interactions between students outside class. Finally, we compare the exam performance of two cohorts of students, where the only difference between them is the use of the platform; we show that students do significantly better on exams when using the platform.
Distribution of capsular serotypes and virulence markers of Streptococcus suis isolated from pigs with polyserositis in Korea. (2010)

The objective of this study was to determine the capsular serotypes and potential virulence factors of Streptococcus suis isolated from pigs with polyserositis. Among the 24 isolates evaluated, serotype 3 [7 (29%) of the isolates] and serotype 4 [5 (21%)] were the most common. The isolates were also studied for the presence of the genes mrp, epf, and sly, which encode muramidase-released protein (MRP), extracellular factor (EF), and suilysin (SLY), respectively. Of the 24 isolates, 8 carried mrp: 4 of serotype 3, 2 of serotype 2, and 2 of serotype 4. One mrp(+) isolate (serotype 2) also carried the epf gene. All 24 isolates carried the sly gene. The serotype and genotype distribution greatly differed from that reported for isolates from pigs with other clinical manifestations of S. suis infection in other countries.
Abstract 5273: Systematic functional screening, miRNA and target expression analyses reveal miR-19, -124, -583, -129 and -876 as key nodes in prostate cancer proliferation networks. (2013)

Abstract To discover microRNA (miRNA) regulation of pathways relevant for proliferation of prostate cancer cells we performed gain-of-function screening with 1129 miRNA molecules in five prostate cancer (PCa) cell lines. Using proliferation, viability and apoptosis as read out we identified 25 miRNAs increasing and 48 miRNAs decreasing cell viability (threshold FDR q-value 3000 genes containing the predicted targets (TargetScan) and performed gene set enrichment analysis (MSigDB v. 2.07). Positively enriched gene sets (total of 17, q-value &amp;lt;0.01) contained signatures such as mitosis and androgen signalling and the most enriched gene was AURKA. The negatively enriched gene sets (total of 207, q-value &amp;lt;0.01) involved Ras-signaling and focal adhesion and the most down regulated gene was CAV1. Network visualization of the core target genes identified five miRNAs (hsa-miR-19a, −32, -124a, -583 and −876–3p) predicted to regulate both the positively and negatively enriched target genes suggesting a central role for both these miRNAs and the core targets in PCa. Our systematic screening approach combined with in vivo expression, gene set enrichment analyses and network visualization provide an unbiased way of revealing novel miRNAs -core targets important in PCa. Citation Format: Päivi Östling, Suvi-Katri Leivonen, Pekka Kohonen, Anna Aakula, Petteri Hintsanen, Tero Aittokallio, Merja Perälä, Olli Kallioniemi. Systematic functional screening, miRNA and target expression analyses reveal miR-19, -124, -583, -129 and -876 as key nodes in prostate cancer proliferation networks. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5273. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5273
Synthesis of mesoporous silica nanoparticles derived from rice husk and surface-controlled amine functionalization for efficient adsorption of methylene blue from aqueous solution (2021)

Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) were synthesized using rice husk (RH) as the raw material via sol-gel pathway using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as the structure directing agent. Silica nanoparticles were successfully functionalized with 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES) via in-situ and post functionalization methods. Synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by X-Ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis. The amorphous silica nanoparticles were of 50–60 ​nm in diameter with a surface area of 150 ​m2/g, pore volume of 0.237 ​cm3/g and average pore size of 3.62 ​nm. Morphology and textural parameters were changed upon functionalization. The equilibrium adsorption capacity of MSN-A (4.94 ​mg/g) to adsorb 10 ​mg/L methylene blue (MB), was higher than in amine functionalized silica nanoparticles. The influence of experimental factors such as pH, adsorbent dosage, and initial MB concentration on adsorption of MB to MSN-A were studied. The equilibrium data for MB adsorption on mesoporous silica nanoparticles well fitted to Langmuir equation, with a maximum monolayer capacity of 19.26 ​mg/g. The adsorption of MB could be best described by the pseudo-second order model. The results indicate that MSN-A is a potential mesoporous material fabricated by cheap natural resources to remove MB from aqueous solutions.
Lensless 3D sensing technology with Fresnel zone aperture based light-field imaging (2019)

Lensless light-field imaging with Fresnel zone aperture (FZA) is a technology that enables lensless cameras with beneficial features such as light calculation load in the image reconstruction processing, and refocusing, i.e. post-capturing focus adjustment. The ability to refocus indicates that the lensless camera s 3D information of the scene and the depth information can be extracted through comparison of contrasts among reconstructed images at different focus distances. This feature is promising since monocular 3D sensing can be achieved without using special light sources. However, since exhaustive search is needed to extract depth information, application of the contrast method is unsuitable for purposes that require real-time depth sensing. To overcome this limitation, we aimed to establish a new fast 3D sensing algorithm for lensless cameras with FZA. The proposed algorithm is based on our findings that reconstructed images of the lensless camera are complex images that have values in real and imaginary parts, and the sign of the imaginary part is reversed when the focus position of the lensless camera crosses the in-focus position. Since this "zero-crossing point" can be calculated through simple interpolations, 3D sensing can be achieved without exhaustively searching over numbers of reconstructed images with various focus positions. We have verified the effectiveness of the algorithm through simulation and experiments with developed prototypes. The algorithm enables real-time compact 3D sensors suitable for various applications, e.g. smartphones, robots, and vehicles.
Sensor ranking: A primitive for efficient content-based sensor search (2009)

The increasing penetration of the real world with embedded and globally networked sensors enables the formation of a Web of Things (WoT), where high-level state information derived from sensors is embedded into Web representations of real-world entities (e.g. places, objects). A key service for the WoT is searching for entities which exhibit a certain dynamic state at the time of the query, which is a challenging problem due to the dynamic nature of the sought state information and due to the potentially huge scale of the WoT. In this paper we introduce a primitive called sensor ranking to enable efficient search for sensors that have a certain output state at the time of the query. The key idea is to efficiently compute for each sensor an estimate of the probability that it matches the query and process sensors in the order of decreasing probability, such that effort is first spent on sensors that are very likely to actually match the query. Using real data sets, we show that sensor ranking can significantly improve the efficiency of content-based sensor search.
A Programmable Laboratory Testbed in Support of Evaluation of Functional Brain Activation (2012)

Near infrared spectroscopy and electroencelphalography are well suited to explore the brain’s response to neuroactivation. We have established a stable, programmable laboratory testbed that provides for experimental measures and analysis of neuroactivation-linked bioelectric and hemodynamic responses.
Colour image compression by grey to colour conversion (2011)

Instead of de-correlating image luminance from chrominance, some use has been made of using the correlation between the luminance component of an image and its chromatic components, or the correlation between colour components, for colour image compression. In one approach, the Green colour channel was taken as a base, and the other colour channels or their DCT subbands were approximated as polynomial functions of the base inside image windows. This paper points out that we can do better if we introduce an addressing scheme into the image description such that similar colours are grouped together spatially. With a Luminance component base, we test several colour spaces and rearrangement schemes, including segmentation. and settle on a log-geometric-mean colour space. Along with PSNR versus bits-per-pixel, we found that spatially-keyed s-CIELAB colour error better identifies problem regions. Instead of segmentation, we found that rearranging on sorted chromatic components has almost equal performance and better compression. Here, we sort on each of the chromatic components and separately encode windows of each. The result consists of the original greyscale plane plus the polynomial coefficients of windows of rearranged chromatic values, which are then quantized. The simplicity of the method produces a fast and simple scheme for colour image and video compression, with excellent results.
An Extremely Active Catalyst for the Negishi Cross‐Coupling Reaction. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Compositions of Surface Layers Formed on Amalgams in Air, Water, and Saline (1993)

The surface layers formed on both a zinc-free and a zinc-containing dental amalgam after polishing and aging in air, water, or saline, were characterized using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to determine the compositions of the surface layers which might govern the release of mercury from amalgam. The XPS data revealed that the formation of the surface layer on the zinc-containing amalgam was affected by the environment in which the amalgam was polished and aged, whereas that on the zinc-free amalgam was not affected. In addition, among the elements contained in amalgam, zinc was the most reactive with the environment, and was preferentially dissolved from amalgam into water or saline. Mercury atoms existed in the metallic state in the surface layer.
Ecological interventions and the process of change for prevention: Wedding theory and research to implementation in real world settings (1991)

Considers a preventive intervention effort designed to modify the characteristics and regularities of the school environment so as to enhance the expectations conveyed to high risk students. Employing this case effort (Weinstein et al., 1991) as a base, several issues are highlighted that deserve greater attention in the design, implementation, assessment, and reporting of other preventively-focused social interventions. These issues include: (1) the degree of program implementation fidelity, (2) the impact a lack of attainment of program fidelity may have on arriving at erroneous evaluation conclusions about social programs, (3) the ways in which the theory and basic research employed in the program rationale is appropriate to and reflected in the program as designed, (4) issues of program potency and dosage, (5) the ways in which quantitative and qualitative evaluation data can enhance each other, and (6) the import of evaluability assessments of programs prior to moving to outcome evaluations. In addressing these issues, the importance of developmentally- and ecologically-informed program formulations is underscored. Finally, the critical role that program reports such as the Weinstein paper, with its careful discussion of both the process of implementation and outcome assessments, can play in the development of more effective prevention program implementation efforts is highlighted.
Interpretable deep learning translation of GWAS and multi-omics findings to identify pathobiology and drug repurposing in Alzheimer’s disease (2022)

Translating human genetic findings (genome-wide association studies [GWAS]) to pathobiology and therapeutic discovery remains a major challenge for Alzheimer's disease (AD). We present a network topology-based deep learning framework to identify disease-associated genes (NETTAG). We leverage non-coding GWAS loci effects on quantitative trait loci, enhancers and CpG islands, promoter regions, open chromatin, and promoter flanking regions under the protein-protein interactome. Via NETTAG, we identified 156 AD-risk genes enriched in druggable targets. Combining network-based prediction and retrospective case-control observations with 10 million individuals, we identified that usage of four drugs (ibuprofen, gemfibrozil, cholecalciferol, and ceftriaxone) is associated with reduced likelihood of AD incidence. Gemfibrozil (an approved lipid regulator) is significantly associated with 43% reduced risk of AD compared with simvastatin using an active-comparator design (95% confidence interval 0.51-0.63, p < 0.0001). In summary, NETTAG offers a deep learning methodology that utilizes GWAS and multi-genomic findings to identify pathobiology and drug repurposing in AD.
Optical property influence on magneto-optics of CoNi and TbCo multilayers on noble metal alloy substrates (1994)

Spectroscopic (300-800 nm) magneto-optic measurements (polar Kerr rotation and ellipticity), as well as spectroscopic (250-1000 nm) ellipsometric measurements have been taken on a series of CoNi and TbCo multilayer nanostructures. The magnetic layers were sputter deposited onto Au/sub x/Ag/sub 1-x/ alloy buffer layers (a range of x values were used) which were sputtered onto glass substrates. An interesting maxima in the Kerr rotation, appearing in the mid-visible region, shifts toward the blue with decreasing x values. A full electromagnetic analysis of this multilayer boundary value problem, including dielectric function representation for all constituent layers permits an understanding of the spectral data, and allows prediction of interesting new observable optic and magneto-optic phenomena.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Cu pillar as interconnect for 10 μm pitch and below: Fabrication issues and assembly results (2018)

This paper describes an interconnect technology based on copper pillar for the assembly of Si on Si die at a 10 μm pitch and format as large as 1cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . Slowly some technologies are being developed at this pitch, especially in some niche application. They involve In based solder or micro-tube insertion at room temperature or micro-insert. Even if these technologies present some advantages, the supply chain does not exist in the main OSAT which is one reason for investigating copper pillar. The first part of the study describes the fabrication process issues and how to solve them. Some vehicle tests are fabricated and the diameter is measured at several places in the wafer to validate the photoresist resolution. Two resists are used, one with a good resolution giving diameter within 0.2 μm of the drawn diameter but with systematic residues at the foot of the pillar, and a second one which systematically overestimate the diameter by 1 μm but with straight wall. The fabricated Cu/Ni/SnAg pillars present a good height uniformity over 90% per chip and per wafer. Finally some assembly using two different processes are developed and achieves 100% connections, with contact resistance within expectation, and shear values ranging from 93MPa to 155MPa.
Effect of Annealing on Anisotropic Tensile Properties of Al–12%Si Alloy Fabricated by Laser Powder Bed Fusion (2020)

In this study, we systematically investigated microstructures and tensile properties of an Al–12mass%Si alloy additive-manufactured by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process and subsequently annealed at various temperatures. Microstructure of the as-fabricated sample was characterized by a number of melt pools consisting of α-Al phases surrounded by Si eutectic phases. Fine Si precipitates were observed in the α-Al phase in the sample annealed at 200 °C. The eutectic Si phase appears to agglutinate, resulting in a coarsened Si phase formed at high temperatures above 300 °C. The initial cellular microstructure completely disappears and a number of coarsened Si phases and plate-shaped intermetallic phases (β-AlFeSi) were formed in the sample annealed at 530 °C. However, the grain morphology of the α-Al matrix slightly changed after the annealing at high temperatures. The as-fabricated specimen showed a high strength above 400 MPa and a low ductility of below 10% in total elongation. The tensile ductility varied depending on the tensile direction. The annealed specimens exhibited a lower tensile strength and larger elongation, whereas the direction dependence of the tensile properties was less pronounced in the specimens annealed at higher temperatures. The anisotropic tensile ductility can be rationalized by preferential fractures occurred around melt pool boundaries.
Solutions for IPv6-based mobility in the EU project MobyDick (2002)

Proceedings of the WTC 2002, 18th World Telecommunications Congress, Paris, France, 22 -27 September, 2002.