gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The long‐term stability of amorphous silicon flat panel imaging devices for dosimetry purposes (2004)

This study was carried out to determine the stability of the response of amorphous silicon (a-Si)-flat panel imagers for dosimetry applications. Measurements of the imager's response under reference conditions were performed on a regular basis for four detectors of the same manufacturer. We found that the ambient temperature influenced the dark-field, while the gain of the imager signal was unaffected. Therefore, temperature fluctuations were corrected for by applying a "dynamic" darkfield correction. This correction method also removed the influence of a small, irreversible increase of the dark-field current, which was equal to 0.5% of the dynamic range of the imager per year and was probably caused by mild radiation damage to the a-Si array. By applying a dynamic dark-field correction, excellent stability of the response over the entire panel of all imagers of 0.5% (1 SD) was obtained over an observation period up to 23 months. However, two imagers had to be replaced after several months. For one imager, an image segment stopped functioning, while the image quality of the other imager degraded significantly. We conclude that the tested a-Si EPIDs have a very stable response and are therefore well suited for dosimetry. We recommend, however, applying quality assurance tests dedicated to both imaging and dosimetry.
The H+‐motive and Na+‐motive respiratory chains in Bacillus FTU subcellular vesicles (1991)

Respiration-dependent pumping of Na+ and H+ into the inside-out subcellular vesicles of alkalotolerant and halotolerant Bacillus FTU grown at alkaline pH was studied. The vesicles were shown to be competent in Na+ and H+ transport coupled to ascorbate oxidation via N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine or diaminodurene. The uphill Na+ uptake is strongly stimulated by either protonophores or valinomycin, whereas H+ uptake is stimulated by valinomycin and completely inhibited by protonophores. The salt of a penetrating weak base and of the penetrating weak acid, diethylammonium acetate, potentiates the stimulating effect of protonophores on Na+ uptake and abolishes H+ uptake. Na+ transport, supported by ascorbate oxidation, is resistant to 2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline N-oxide, but sensitive to Ag+ and Na+ ionophore, N,N'-dibenzyl-N,N'-diphenyl-1,2-phenylenediacetamide. Micromolar concentrations of cyanide specifically inhibit the H+ uptake but does not affect Na+ uptake. These cyanide concentrations are shown to cause 70% inhibition of respiration, complete reduction of alpha-type cytochromes and partial reduction of c/b-type cytochromes. To inhibit the remaining respiratory activity and Na/ uptake, approximately 100-fold higher cyanide concentrations are necessary. High cyanide concentrations cause some additional increase in absorbance in the region of cytochromes c and/or b. In the presence of a high cyanide concentration, Na+ uptake can be supported by NADH oxidation by fumarate. This Na+ transport is stimulated by protonophores and diethylammonium acetate, being sensitive to very low concentrations of 2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline N-oxide and Ag+. The NADH-fumarate reductase reaction is also found to be competent in H+ uptake, which is inhibited by protonophores and by much higher 2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline N-oxide concentrations, and is resistant to Ag+. It is inferred that Bacillus FTU possesses two respiratory chains: the H(+)-motive and the Na(+)-motive, which strongly differ in their inhibitor sensitivities. Each chain comprises at least two energy-coupling sites which are localized in their initial and terminal segments. It has been indicated that common redox carrier(s) are present in the two chains.
Convergence of Networking and Cloud/Edge Computing: Status, Challenges, and Opportunities (2020)

The wide applications of virtualization and service-oriented principles in various emerging networking technologies introduce a trend of network cloudification that enables network systems to be realized based on cloud technologies and allows network services to be provisioned following the cloud service model. Network cloudification together with the critical role of networking in the latest cloud/edge computing technologies leads to the convergence of networking and cloud/edge computing, which calls for a holistic vision across the fields of networking and computing that may shape relevant technology developments. in this article, we attempt to sketch a big picture to reflect the current status of on-going research toward network-cloud/edge convergence. We first describe the notion of such convergence and present an architectural framework for converged network-cloud/edge systems. Then, we survey the state of the art of enabling technologies for network-cloud/edge convergence by reviewing recent progress in relevant standardization and technology developments in representative research projects. We also discuss challenges that must be fully addressed for realizing the convergence of networking and cloud/ edge computing and identify some opportunities for future research in this exciting interdisciplinary field.
Artificial photosynthesis. 1. Photosensitization of titania solar cells with chlorophyll derivatives and related natural porphyrins (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTArtificial photosynthesis. 1. Photosensitization of titania solar cells with chlorophyll derivatives and related natural porphyrinsAndreas Kay and Michael GraetzelCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 23, 6272–6277Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100125a029https://doi.org/10.1021/j100125a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views6552Altmetric-Citations802LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Biomechanical Evaluation of Fixation of Intra-Articular Fractures of the Distal Part of the Radius in Cadavera (1999)

This study showed that fixation of an intra-articular fracture of the distal part of a cadaveric radius with biocompatible calcium-phosphate bone cement produced results that were biomechanically comparable with those produced by fixation with Kirschner wires. However, the constructs that were fixed with calcium-phosphate bone cement demonstrated less shortening under simulated cyclic load-bearing.
A Model Based Iterative Reconstruction Algorithm For High Angle Annular Dark Field-Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope (HAADF-STEM) Tomography (2013)

High angle annular dark field (HAADF)-scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) data is increasingly being used in the physical sciences to research materials in 3D because it reduces the effects of Bragg diffraction seen in bright field TEM data. Typically, tomographic reconstructions are performed by directly applying either filtered back projection (FBP) or the simultaneous iterative reconstruction technique (SIRT) to the data. Since HAADF-STEM tomography is a limited angle tomography modality with low signal to noise ratio, these methods can result in significant artifacts in the reconstructed volume. In this paper, we develop a model based iterative reconstruction algorithm for HAADF-STEM tomography. We combine a model for image formation in HAADF-STEM tomography along with a prior model to formulate the tomographic reconstruction as a maximum a posteriori probability (MAP) estimation problem. Our formulation also accounts for certain missing measurements by treating them as nuisance parameters in the MAP estimation framework. We adapt the iterative coordinate descent algorithm to develop an efficient method to minimize the corresponding MAP cost function. Reconstructions of simulated as well as experimental data sets show results that are superior to FBP and SIRT reconstructions, significantly suppressing artifacts and enhancing contrast.
Cationic Gold Catalyst Poisoning and Reactivation (2014)

High gold affinity impurities (halides, bases) in solvents, starting materials, filtration, or drying agents could affect the reactivity of gold catalyst adversely, which may significantly reduce the TON of cationic gold-catalyzed reactions. Use of a suitable acid activator (e.g., HOTf, In(OTf)3) reactivates the gold catalyst and makes the reaction proceed smoothly at low gold catalyst loading.
High resolution analysis of mammalian nuclear structure throughout the cell cycle: implications for nuclear pore complex assembly during interphase and mitosisThis paper is one of a selection of papers published in this Special Issue, entitled The Nucleus: A Cell Within A Cell. (2006)

Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are the gateways for both active and passive bidirectional molecular transport between the nucleoplasm and cytoplasm. These mega-dalton assemblies are composed of multiple copies of approximately 30 distinct proteins termed nucleoporins. Higher eukaryotes display an "open" mitosis in which the NPCs, nuclear envelope, and lamina disassemble. During mitosis several nucleoporins are redistributed to kinetochores until they are recruited back to the periphery of chromatin as the NPCs are reassembled. Within this study we have developed and optimized the visualization of mammalian cells and their chromosome profiles throughout the cell-cycle. Close attention has been paid to the preservation of chromatin, membranes, and NPC structure to investigate the ultrastructural locations of specific proteins in both interphase and mitosis.
SPCp1-05: On Some Techniques for Reducing the Feedback Requirement in Precoded MIMO-OFDM (2006)

Multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) is a spectrally efficient modulation scheme which combines the advantages of having multiple antennas at both transmitter and receiver and the ease of equalization afforded by OFDM. When channel state information (CSI) is available at the transmitter a simple technique called linear preceding can be used to improve the error rate performance in both beamforming and spatial multiplexing systems. However, in frequency division duplex (FDD) systems there is typically a lack of channel reciprocity and precoder matrices have to be designed at the receiver and sent back through a limited feedback channel with the help of codebooks. By constraining the precoders to lie on the Grassmann manifold optimal codebook design for the single carrier MIMO channel has been well studied. If these codebooks are used in a MIMO-OFDM system and precoder information for all subcarriers is sent back, the amount of feedback can get prohibitively large. In this paper we use simple geometrical ideas on the Grassmann manifold to further reduce this feedback requirement. The performance of these algorithms are shown to provide improvement over existing schemes.
Effects of Glucose and Parathyroid Hormone on the Renal Handling of Myoinositol by Isolated Perfused Dog Kidneys (1979)

The effects of glucose and parathyroid hormone (PTH) on the transport and metabolism of myoinositol (MI) and [2-(3)H]MI were studied in isolated perfused dog kidneys. Studies during perfusion of kidneys with normal and elevated glucose concentrations demonstrated that under normal conditions the isolated kidney reabsorbed 94.7+/-0.2% of the filtered MI, and the renal production of (3)H-metabolities of MI was 117.9+/-6% of the filtered MI load. This indicated that entry of MI into tubular cells by reabsorption was not the sole pathway for entry into the pool of MI within the kidney undergoing catabolism. High glucose perfusate decreased MI reabsorption to 68.6+/-4.7% and thus decreased delivery of [2-(3)H]MI into the catabolic pool from the reabsorptive pathway. In the high glucose experiments, the rate of [2-(3)H]MI catabolism exceeded [2-(3)H]MI reabsorption by the same fraction as in normal glucose experiments, which indicates that high glucose did not affect nonreabsorptive access of MI to the catabolic site. In contrast to the effects of glucose, PTH administration resulted in an increase in perfusate MI concentration and a decrease in the perfusate [2-(3)H]MI specific activity. Concomitantly, urinary MI and [2-(3)H]MI concentrations were increased, again with a decrease in [2-(3)H]MI specific activity. These results indicate that PTH caused a release of MI into the urine (not the same as decreased MI reabsorption, which would not affect urinary [(3)H]MI specific activity) and into the perfusate of the isolated kidneys. These effects on MI release were about coincidental with the increase in urinary cyclic 3',5'-AMP after PTH and preceded the peak phosphaturic effect of PTH. There was no detectable effect of PTH on MI synthesis from glucose as a source of the MI released into the urine and perfusate. However, PTH temporarily halted accumulation of tritiated MI catabolites. There was no effect of inactivated PTH on urinary cyclic 3',5'-AMP or on MI transport, which indicates that the PTH effect on MI handling was a specific hormonal effect. These studies clarify the renal metabolism of MI, and they demonstrate heretofore unknown effects of PTH on the renal handling and metabolism of MI. The effects of PTH on renal MI metabolism have important implications in renal carbohydrate metabolism and phospholipid turnover.
Quasicrystals with Dodecahedral Equilibrium Faceting (1988)

Received 11 February 1988DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.60.2444©1988 American Physical Society
Total lithography system based on a new application software platform enabling smart scanner management (2015)

Along with device shrinkage, higher accuracy will continuously be required from photo-lithography tools in order to enhance on-product yield. In order to achieve higher yield, the advanced photo-lithography tools must be equipped with sophisticated tuning knobs on the tool and with software that is flexible enough to be applied per layer. This means photo-lithography tools must be capable of handling many types of sub-recipes and parameters simultaneously. To enable managing such a large amount of data easily and to setup lithography tools smoothly, we have developed a total lithography system called Litho Turnkey Solution based on a new software application platform, which we call Plug and Play Manager (PPM). PPM has its own graphical user interface, which enables total management of various data. Here various data means recipes, sub-recipes, tuning-parameters, measurement results, and so on. Through PPM, parameter making by intelligent applications such as CDU/Overlay tuning tools can easily be implemented. In addition, PPM is also linked to metrology tools and the customer’s host computer, which enables data flow automation. Based on measurement data received from the metrology tools, PPM calculates correction parameters and sends them to the scanners automatically. This scheme can make calibration feedback loops possible. It should be noted that the abovementioned functions are running on the same platform through a user-friendly interface. This leads to smart scanner management and usability improvement. In this paper, we will demonstrate the latest development status of Nikon’s total lithography solution based on PPM; describe details of each application; and provide supporting data for the accuracy and usability of the system. Keywords: exposure
Cerastotin, a Serine Protease from Cerastes Cerastes Venom, with Platelet‐Aggregating and Agglutinating Properties (1997)

Cerastotin, a thrombin-like enzyme from the venom of the desert viper Cerastes cerastes, has been purified by gel filtration on Sephadex G-75 and two ion-exchange chromatographies on Mono S columns. It is a neutral glycoprotein (pI = 6.6), present as a single polypeptide chain of 40 kDa. Its N-terminal sequence shows strong similarity with those of other thrombin-like enzymes from snake venoms. Cerastotin possesses esterase and amidolytic activities measured with N(alpha)-tosyl-L-arginine methyl ester and the thrombin chromogenic substrate D-phenylalanyl-L-pipecolyl-L-arginine p-nitroanilide, respectively. The amidolytic activity is inhibited by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, N(alpha)-tosyl-L-lysine chloromethane, N(alpha)-tosyl-L-phenylalanyl chloromethane, D-phenylalanyl-L-prolyl-L-arginyl chloromethane and benzamidine, suggesting that cerastotin is a serine protease. Cerastotin efficiently clots human plasma and cleaves preferentially the alpha chain of fibrinogen. Cerastotin did not induce aggregation of washed normal platelets, but did aggregate platelets in the presence of exogenous fibrinogen. A monoclonal antibody directed against glycoprotein (GPIb), which specifically inhibits induced agglutination by ristocetin also completely blocks platelet aggregation induced by cerastotin. However, another anti-GPIb monoclonal antibody, which specifically inhibits alpha-thrombin binding to GPIb, did not prevent this aggregation. Furthermore, platelets which were desensitised by alpha-thrombin still aggregate in the presence of cerastotin, but not alpha-thrombin. Similarly a monoclonal antibody, anti-GPIIb-IIIa, which blocks fibrinogen binding, did not inhibit cerastotin-induced platelet aggregation. This activity is abolished in the presence of 1 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride and/or 10 mM EDTA. Cerastotin also agglutinates formalin-fixed and washed platelets, only in the simultaneous presence of fibrinogen and of Von Willebrand factor.
Dendritic cells in tolerance induction for the treatment of autoimmune diseases (2010)

Autoimmune diseases are characterized by the loss of tolerance toward self-antigens and the induction of destructive immune responses leading to tissue damage. Most patients with autoimmune diseases are treated with immunosuppressive drugs that suppress the immune response in a non-specific fashion, which is inevitably accompanied by several side effects. Antigen-specific immunomodulation and patient-tailored therapies are likely to solve these issues and to elicit long-term protection against disease flares. This Viewpoint analyzes the potential use of DC for induction of antigen-specific tolerance in autoimmune disease settings.
Time-Resolved Mass Spectrometry of the Exothermic Reaction between Nanoaluminum and Metal Oxides: The Role of Oxygen Release (2010)

In this work, heterogeneous nanocomposite reactions of Al/CuO, Al/Fe2O3 and Al/ZnO systems were characterized using a recently developed T-Jump/time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Flash-heating experiments with time-resolved mass spectrometry were performed at heating rates in the range of ∼105 K/s. We find that molecular oxygen liberated during reaction is an active ingredient in the reaction. Experiments also conducted for neat Al, CuO, Fe2O3, and ZnO powders show that the oxygen are produced by decomposition of oxidizer particles. Mass spectrometric analysis indicates that metal oxide particles behave as an oxygen storage device in the thermite mixture and release oxygen very fast to initiate the reaction. A clear correlation is observed between the capability of oxygen release from oxidizing particles and the overall reactivity of the nanocomposite. The high reactivity of the Al/CuO mixture can be attributed to the strong oxygen release from CuO, while Fe2O3 liberates much less oxygen and leads to moderate reactivity, and ZnO’s poor oxygen release capability caused the Al/ZnO mixture to be completely not reacting, even though the reaction is overall exothermic. It is likely that the role of the oxygen species is not only as a strong oxidizer but also an energy propagation medium that carries heat to neighboring particles.
A low power switching power supply for self-clocked systems (2002)

This paper presents a digital power supply controller for variable frequency and voltage circuits. By using a ring oscillator as a method of predicting circuit performance, the regulated voltage is set to the minimum required to operate at a reference frequency which maximizes energy efficiency. Our initial test silicon, implemented with a fixed frequency controller is analyzed and reveals that the controller's power consumption is a major limitation for such a design. To make the controller power dissipation scale with the CV/sup 2/f power of the load, we introduce a new architecture with variable frequency control, which allows the controller's supply and frequency to scale along with the load device.
Adaptive Learning for Maximum Takeoff Efficiency of High-Speed Sailboats (2022)

This paper presents an optimal takeoff maneuver for an AC75 foiling sailboat competing in the America's Cup. The innovative sailboat design introduces extra degrees of freedom and articulations in the boat that result in nonlinear, high-dimensional, and unstable dynamics. The optimal maneuvers were achieved by exploring out-of-the-box solutions through adaptive control and optimization. We used a high-fidelity sailboat simulator for the data generation process and an adaptive control approach (Jacobian Learning (JL)) to optimize the sailing maneuver. Takeoff is a dynamic sailboat maneuver that involves transitioning the boat from a low-speed in-water status (displacement mode) to a high-speed out-of-water status (foiling mode) via actuation of the sailboat's inputs. We optimized the time for the boat's transitions from displacement mode to foiling mode while maximizing the projection of the velocity (Velocity Made Good (VMG)) in the desired target direction (True Wind Angle (TWA)). Furthermore, we optimized the sailboat's upwind steady-state performance (closed-haul VMG) for varying sailing directions (TWA) and used the optimal TWA to formulate the takeoff. The optimal solution is subject to physical/actuator constraints and the ones enforced to ensure the feasibility of the maneuvers by humans (sailors). The optimal takeoff achieved an average VMG of 7.42 m/s. This maneuver serves as a performance benchmark for the sailors and provides insightful information about the underlying dynamics of the boat.
Control of Blood Glucose in Experimental Diabetes by Means of a Totally Implantable Insulin Infusion Device (1979)

Near-normal glucose tolerance tests in diabetic dogs were obtained during basal rate insulin infusions in restrained animals by use of extracorporeal infusion pumps and in conscious, unrestrained animals by means of implanted infusion pumps. Even better regulation of blood glucose in diabetic animals was obtained by the addition of predetermined pulses of insulin at higher flow rates than the basal flow rate, accomplished by use of a transcutaneously activated valve mechanism attached to the implanted infusion pump. We conclude that near-normal blood glucose concentrations can be maintained throughout the day in the dog by these means and that similar approaches, using implantable infusion pumps, in man may lead to better long-term control of diabetes than is currently available.