gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CD36 : clé de voûte de la résistance à l’insuline ? (2001)

La resistance a l'insuline est au carrefour de plusieurs maladies frequentes : le diabete de type 2, l'hypertension arterielle essentielle, l'hyperlipidemie, autant de facteurs de risque importants de maladie coronarienne. En Occident, jusqu'a 40 % des patients souffrant d'une maladie coronarienne ont de surcroit l'une des maladies associees a l'insulinoresistance. Bien que les genes sous-tendant certaines causes rares et monogeniques d'insulinoresistance aient ete identifies, les bases moleculaires et chimiques des syndromes de resistance a l'insuline sont dans l'ensemble largement inconnues. Une question se pose : est-ce que la resistance a l'insuline est la cause des maladies cardiovasculaire, ou un temoin innocent ? Quelques elements de reponse commencent a apparaitre avec les travaux effectues sur la glycoproteine de membrane CD36, dont on pense qu'il s'agit d'un transporteur transmembranaire d'acides gras a long chaines et d'un recepteur de haute affinite pour les lipoproteines LD oxydees. C'est aussi un recepteur parasitaire (Plasmodium falciparum) et un recepteur participant a la phagocytose des cellules apoptotiques. Un travail suggere que CD36 joue un role dans l'action de l'insuline, le metabolisme des lipides et l'hypertension arterielle : ces chercheurs ont etudie 26 personnes ayant un deficit en CD36 et rapportent que celles-ci ont un taux plasmatique de triglycerides et de glucose plus eleve, et un cholesterol HDL plus bas que les temoins. Leur taux plasmatique d'insuline a jeun est normal. 12 sujets (46 %) ont au moins deux facteurs de risque coronariens (hypertension arterielle, hyperlipidemie, diabete sucre). Un seul est obese. L'action de l'insuline a ete mesuree par clamp euglycemique chez 5 personnes ayant un deficit en CD36 : toutes sont resistantes a l'insuline et quatre sur cinq ont une intolerance au glucose et une hemoglobine glyquee elevee. CD36 est largement exprime dans de nombreux tissus et a de nombreux ligands potentiels in vivo, qui jouent un role dans la signalisation intracellulaire par la voie du recepteur PPAR (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor) aussi bien que dans la captation des acides gras a longues chaines. L'une des explications possibles de l'insulinoresistance des personnes ayant un deficit en CD36 est l'alteration des signaux medies par le PPAR et le metabolisme des acides gras. Une etude cas-temoins portant sur un plus grand nombre de personnes ayant un deficit en CD36 est necessaire. Neanmoins, ces resultats sont assez convaincants du fait que ce deficit pourrait etre a l'origine d'une resistance a l'insuline, au moins chez les japonais.1. Miyaoka K., et al. 2001. CD36 deficiency associated with insulin resistance. Lancet 357 : 686-687.
Photoluminescence color stability of green-emitting InP/ZnS core/shell quantum dots embedded in silica prepared via hydrophobic routes (2018)

In this work, green-emitting InP/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) modified with 1-dodecanethiol were embedded into silica by two methods to improve their photostability while maintaining a high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and a color coordinate. A monolithic QD-silica composite prepared by a non-aqueous route with tetraethyl orthosilicate and lactic acid featured low transparency, a loss of the color purity of green, and a PLQY of 1.6%, which was considerably lower than that of the original QDs (67%). The decrease of the PLQY was attributed to QD aggregation in the sol-gel process and degradation of the QDs by the acid. The alternative method involved stirring a toluene dispersion of the QDs with tetramethyl orthosilicate (TMOS) for 20 h or 7 days. The PLQY of the TMOS-modified InP/ZnS QDs (20 h) was 62%, which was only slightly lower than that of the original QDs. The PLQY decreased to 52% when the duration of aging was prolonged to 7 days. This decrease was attributed to desorption of surface modifiers from the QD surface and oxidative degradation by oxygen dissolved in toluene. Herein, the color coordinate was maintained stably. Photostability was evaluated by continuous irradiation of the samples by a blue light emitting diode. The decrease of photoluminescence (PL) intensity was suppressed by the silica encapsulation. In particular, the PL intensity of the TMOS-modified InP/ZnS QD sample (7 d) maintained 99% of its initial intensity. Silica encapsulation of InP/ZnS QDs prevented contact of the QDs with oxygen in the air, resulting in improved photostability.
Ultrahigh efficiencies in vertical epitaxial heterostructure architectures (2016)

Optical to electrical power converting semiconductor devices were achieved with breakthrough performance by designing a Vertical Epitaxial Heterostructure Architecture. The devices are featuring modeled and measured conversion efficiencies greater than 65%. The ultrahigh conversion efficiencies were obtained by monolithically integrating several thin GaAs photovoltaic junctions tailored with submicron absorption thicknesses and grown in a single crystal by epitaxy. The heterostructures that were engineered with a number N of such ultrathin junctions yielded an optimal external quantum efficiencies approaching 100%/N. The heterostructures are capable of output voltages that are multiple times larger than the corresponding photovoltage of the input light. The individual nanoscale junctions are each generating up to ∼1.2 V of output voltage when illuminated in the infrared. We compare the optoelectronic properties of phototransducers prepared with designs having 5 to 12 junctions and that are exhibiting voltage outputs between &amp;gt;5 V and &amp;gt;14 V.
Variable coherence tomography (2004)

By adjusting the spatial coherence of a quasi-monochromatic beam, one can control the distance between two volumes of coherence. We propose to use such a beam in a typical scattering experiment and present a method for determining the degree of spatial correlation of a quasi-homogeneous medium by recording the scattered intensity in only one direction.
Endothelial progenitor cells are cellular hubs essential for neoangiogenesis of certain aggressive adenocarcinomas and metastatic transition but not adenomas (2008)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Electronic properties of W-encapsulated Si cluster film on Si (100) substrates (2012)

We have fabricated thin films composed of W-encapsulated Si clusters (WSi10) on Si substrates and investigated their electronic properties using scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). An epitaxial layer was observed at the interface with the Si substrate, and an amorphous layer was on top. The bulk plasmon of the WSi10 cluster film was measured and compared with those of crystalline Si (c-Si) and WSi2 films. We found similar plasmon energies in the epitaxial and amorphous layers of the WSi10 cluster film. The plasmon peak of the WSi10 cluster film is shifted to higher energy compared with that of c-Si, which is related to the electron density increase in the valence band. The Si-L23 absorption edge spectra show that the conduction-band density of states in Si was modified by hybridization between Si and W atoms.
3D‐Printed Structure Boosts the Kinetics and Intrinsic Capacitance of Pseudocapacitive Graphene Aerogels (2020)

The performance of pseudocapacitive electrodes at fast charging rates are typically limited by the slow kinetics of Faradaic reactions and sluggish ion diffusion in the bulk structure. This is particularly problematic for thick electrodes and electrodes highly loaded with active materials. Here, a surface-functionalized 3D-printed graphene aerogel (SF-3D GA) is presented that achieves not only a benchmark areal capacitance of 2195 mF cm<sup>-2</sup> at a high current density of 100 mA cm<sup>-2</sup> but also an ultrahigh intrinsic capacitance of 309.1 µF cm<sup>-2</sup> even at a high mass loading of 12.8 mg cm<sup>-2</sup> . Importantly, the kinetic analysis reveals that the capacitance of SF-3D GA electrode is primarily (93.3%) contributed from fast kinetic processes. This is because the 3D-printed electrode has an open structure that ensures excellent coverage of functional groups on carbon surface and facilitates the ion accessibility of these surface functional groups even at high current densities and large mass loading/electrode thickness. An asymmetric device assembled with SF-3D GA as anode and 3D-printed GA decorated with MnO<sub>2</sub> as cathode achieves a remarkable energy density of 0.65 mWh cm<sup>-2</sup> at an ultrahigh power density of 164.5 mW cm<sup>-2</sup> , outperforming carbon-based supercapacitors operated at the same power density.
RG1, a new murine monoclonal antibody recognizing a “supertypic” determinant on HLA‐A molecules (1995)

Monomorphic and polymorphic anti-HLA monoclonal antibodies (mAb) are valuable reagents for assessment of the structural and functional importance of different class I determinants. We have generated a new mAb, RG1, reacting with an epitope variably expressed on normal and leukemic hematopoietic cells of different lineages. Immunoprecipitation of the RG1 antigen disclosed a bimolecular complex characteristic of class I proteins. The RG1 epitope was expressed on an HLA-A2 transfected cell line but not on cells transfected with HLA-E, -F or -G molecules. MAb reactivity with reference B-lymphoblastoid cell lines and HLA typing of RG1 reactive and unreactive cells demonstrated that the epitope was expressed in conjunction with defined HLA-A molecules. Cells expressing HLA-A2, -A24(9) and -A68(28) proteins were brightly stained with RG1 whereas mAb binding to HLA-A1, -A11 and a split of A3 molecules was significantly lower. In contrast, the RG1 epitope was apparently not expressed on HLA-A23(9), -A25(10), -A26(10), -A29(19), -A30(19), -A31(19), -A32(19), -A33(19) and some HLA-A3 molecules. Based on class I alpha sequence data, these results suggest that the RG1 epitope is localized to a region of the alpha 2 helix accessible to the T cell receptor for antigen on cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Lys in position 144 and His in position 151 are apparently critical for RG1 binding.
Physical and chemical characteristics of active sulfur flows observed at Lastarria volcano (northern Chile) in January 2019 (2023)

Molten sulfur is found in various subaerial volcanoes. However, limited records of the pools and flows of molten sulfur have been reported: therefore, questions remain regarding the physicochemical processes behind this phenomenon. A suite of new sulfur flows, some of which active, was identified at the Lastarria volcano (northern Chile) and studied using satellite imagery, in situ probing, and temperature and video recording. This finding provides a unique opportunity to better understand the emplacement mechanisms and mineral and chemical compositions of molten sulfur, in addition to gaining insight into its origin. Molten sulfur presented temperatures of 124–158°C, with the most prolonged sulfur flow reaching 12 m from the source. Photogrammetric tools permitted the identification of levees and channel structures, with an estimated average flow speed of 0.069 m/s. Field measurements yielded a total volume of 1.45 ± 0.29 m 3 of sulfur (equivalent to ∼2.07 tons) mobilized during the January 2019 event for at least 408 min. Solidified sulfur was composed of native sulfur with minor galena and arsenic- and iodine-bearing minerals. Trace element analysis indicated substantial enrichment of Bi, Sb, Sn, Cd, as well as a very high concentration of As (&amp;gt;40.000 ppm). The January 2019 molten sulfur manifestations in Lastarria appear to be more enriched in As compared to the worldwide known volcanoes with molten sulfur records, such as the Shiretoko-Iozan and Poás volcanoes. Furthermore, their rheological properties suggest that the “time of activity” in events such as this could be underestimated as flows in Lastarria have moved significantly slower than previously thought. The origin of molten sulfur is ascribed to the favorable S-rich chemistry of fumarolic gases and changes in host rock permeability (fracture opening). Molten sulfur in Lastarria correlates with a peak in activity characterized by high emissions of SO 2 and other acid species, such as HF and HCl, in addition to ground deformation. Consequently, molten sulfur was framed within a period of volcanic unrest in Lastarria, triggered by changes in the magmatic-hydrothermal system. The appearance of molten sulfur is related to physicochemical perturbations inside the volcanic system and is perhaps a precursor of eruptive activity, as observed in the Poás and Turrialba volcanoes.
Lipid nanoparticle encapsulated nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccines elicit polyfunctional HIV-1 antibodies comparable to proteins in nonhuman primates (2021)

The development of an effective AIDS vaccine remains a challenge. Nucleoside-modified mRNAs formulated in lipid nanoparticles (mRNA-LNP) have proved to be a potent mode of immunization against infectious diseases in preclinical studies, and are being tested for SARS-CoV-2 in humans. A critical question is how mRNA-LNP vaccine immunogenicity compares to that of traditional adjuvanted protein vaccines in primates. Here, we show that mRNA-LNP immunization compared to protein immunization elicits either the same or superior magnitude and breadth of HIV-1 Env-specific polyfunctional antibodies. Immunization with mRNA-LNP encoding Zika premembrane and envelope or HIV-1 Env gp160 induces durable neutralizing antibodies for at least 41 weeks. Doses of mRNA-LNP as low as 5 μg are immunogenic in macaques. Thus, mRNA-LNP can be used to rapidly generate single or multi-component vaccines, such as sequential vaccines needed to protect against HIV-1 infection. Such vaccines would be as or more immunogenic than adjuvanted recombinant protein vaccines in primates.
Regional Biomechanical and Microstructural Alterations of the Ovine Main Pulmonary Artery During Postnatal Growth (2012)

It has been estimated that worldwide 600,000 babies are born annually with significant congenital heart disease (1). Congenital heart and related vascular defects cause increased flow and pulmonary pressure leading to unfavorable vascular remodeling that results in pulmonary arterial hypertension (1). Developing tissue engineered replacements that mimic the growth and remodeling behavior of native tissue is the optimal approach in treatment of congenital arterial anomalies. The understanding of the underlying mechanisms leading to pulmonary arterial hypertension as well as replicating native pulmonary artery functionality in engineered replacements requires knowledge of native tissue mechanics and growth behavior. In the present study, we report novel information on the changes in the structure-mechanics behavior of the growing pulmonary artery.
Special Questions and techniques (2012)

Jeopardy!™ questions represent a wide variety of question types. The vast majority are Standard Jeopardy! Questions, where the question contains one or more assertions about some unnamed entity or concept, and the task is to identify the described entity or concept. This style of question is a representative of a wide range of common question-answering tasks, and the bulk of the IBM Watson™ system is focused on solving this problem. A small percentage of Jeopardy! questions require a specialized procedure to derive an answer or some derived assertion about the answer. We call any question that requires such a specialized computational procedure, selected on the basis of a unique classification of the question, a Special Jeopardy! Question. Although Special Questions per se are typically less relevant in broader question-answering applications, they are an important class of question to address in the Jeopardy! context. Moreover, the design of our Special Question solving procedures motivated architectural design decisions that are applicable to general open-domain question-answering systems. We explore these rarer classes of questions here and describe and evaluate the techniques that we developed to solve these questions.
Pump-induced bleaching of the saturable absorber in short-pulse Nd:YAG/Cr/sup 4+/:YAG passively Q-switched microchip lasers (2003)

Bleaching of the saturable absorber by pump light increases the length of the pulse generated in a passively Q-switched Nd:YAG/Cr/sup 4+/:YAG microchip laser and decreases the pulse energy. This effect is greatest when transmitted pump light is nearly focused in the Cr/sup 4+/:YAG and when pumping is sufficiently intense to bleach the absorption of the Nd:YAG. Both effects are important in short-pulse microchip lasers. The maximum repetition rate of a passively Q-switched Nd:YAG/Cr/sup 4+/:YAG microchip laser is correlated with the pulsewidth. In general, it decreases as the pulsewidth gets shorter.
Droplet-Based Digital Microfluidics for Single-Cell Genetic Analysis (2017)

This chapter describes the programmable active microfluidic droplet generation approach and devices that the authors have developed. It discusses the applications to single-cell genetic analysis of pathogens and mammalian cells. Droplet microfluidics has been typically a passive process, consisting of droplet generation by flow focusing and cross-flow shearing, and downstream manipulation based on hydrodynamic interactions of droplets. Microfluidic droplet technology is particularly advantageous for single-cell analysis because it facilitates rapid statistical compartmentalization of targets for massively parallel pico- to nanoliter-scale assays. Single cells are microfluidically encapsulated together with primer-functionalized beads in uniform agarose droplets. When the droplets are cooled, the agarose droplet forms a rigid but porous gel bead to protect the individual cell and its genomic DNA while allowing fluidic access to enzymes and chemicals for cell lysis, washing, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Supplementary Figures from Melanoma Lesions Independently Acquire T-cell Resistance during Metastatic Latency (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figures S1-S6. Supplementary Fig. S1, localization of T cells in the periphery of metastasis Ma-Mel-86f. Supplementary Fig. S2, re-expression of HLA class I on B2M-transfected melanoma cells. Supplementary Fig. S3, no enrichment of CD4+ T cells and NK cells in metastasis Ma-Mel-86f. Supplementary Fig. S4, similar PD-L1 expression on Ma-Mel-86a and Ma-Mel-86c cells. Supplementary Fig. S5, autologous CD8+ T cells kill Ma-Mel-86c cells. Supplementary Fig. S6, autologous CD8+ T cells kill Ma-Mel-86a cells.&lt;/p&gt;
Heat Shock Protein 101 Plays a Crucial Role in Thermotolerance in Arabidopsis (2000)

Christine Queitsch, Suk-Whan Hong, Elizabeth Vierling, Susan Lindquist, Heat Shock Protein 101 Plays a Crucial Role in Thermotolerance in Arabidopsis, The Plant Cell, Vol. 12, No. 4 (Apr., 2000), pp. 479-492
Supplementary Tables 1 - 2 from Tcl1 Expression in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Is Regulated by <i>miR-29</i> and <i>miR-181</i> (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 22KB&lt;/p&gt;
Persistierendes Galleleck: Coiling einer Gallenfistel nach posttraumatischer Hemihepatektomie über eine einliegende T-Drainage (2018)

Eine T-Drainage besteht aus Latexgummi, Silikon oder PVC mit T-förmig gestaltetem Ende. Nach einer Choledochotomie werden die kurzen Schenkel der Drainage in den Gallengang eingenäht und der lange Schenkel zur Bauchwand ausgeleitet (Schema [Abb. 1a]). Bereits 1912 wurde diese Anwendung durch Hans Kehr beschrieben und postoperativ bei Choledocholithiasis oder im Rahmen einer Choledochusrevision genutzt (Kehr H et al. Zentralbl. Chir. 1912; 39: 1017 – 1020). Die T-Drainage verhindert einen Galleaustritt aus der Choledochostomiestelle bei Vorliegen eines (operativ bedingten) Papillenödems und kann zur Schienung bei Choledochusverletzungen verwendet werden (Reichler B et al. Bildgebung 1992; 59: 183 – 187; Gigon A et al. Helv. Chir. Acta 1992; 59: 705 – 706). Auch nach Lebertransplantation wird diese Form der Galleableitung eingesetzt. Durch die Drainage erfolgt eine Dekompression und Schienung des Gallengangsystems mit dem Ziel, Stenosen zu verhindern (Shaked A et al. Liver Transplantation and Surgery 1997; 3: 22, 235 – 236). Über die T-Drainage kann, im Rahmen einer Cholangiografie, direkt Kontrastmittel injiziert werden, zwecks Beurteilung der Gallengänge.
Breaking Through the Air-Water Interface with Software-Defined Visible Light Networking (2022)

“Multi-Domain Operations” paradigm has been receiving significant attention both in military and civilian worlds. This novel notion of operating networks of distributed and mostly unmanned autonomous devices in multiple domains - air, land, water, cyber, and space- in coordination to achieve a common objective, will undoubtedly be a key enabler for various applications. To realize this novel paradigm, it is imperative to establish robust communication links to transfer data between devices operating in multiple domains. However, as of today, establishing high data rate, robust, secure, and bi-directional communication links between aerial and underwater assets across the air-water interface is still an open problem. This article introduces the software-defined visible light networking to establish bi-directional wireless links through the air-water interface. We first overview the limitations of the state-of-the-art solutions for communication across air-water mediums and alternative approaches. We then present a software-defined visible light communication (VLC) modem, which is the primary building block of our proposed solution. We also discuss the challenges, limitations, and opportunities of using visible light to communicate over the air-water interface. Last, we present some key concepts and applications that can be enabled by leveraging the proposed visible light networking solution.
INK4 Tumor Suppressor Proteins Mediate Resistance to CDK4/6 Kinase Inhibitors (2021)

Cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) represent a major therapeutic vulnerability for breast cancer. The kinases are clinically targeted via ATP competitive inhibitors (CDK4/6i); however, drug resistance commonly emerges over time. To understand CDK4/6i resistance, we surveyed over 1,300 breast cancers and identified several genetic alterations (e.g., <i>FAT1</i>, <i>PTEN</i>, or <i>ARID1A</i> loss) converging on upregulation of CDK6. Mechanistically, we demonstrate CDK6 causes resistance by inducing and binding CDK inhibitor INK4 proteins (e.g., p18<sup>INK4C</sup>). <i>In vitro</i> binding and kinase assays together with physical modeling reveal that the p18<sup>INK4C</sup>-cyclin D-CDK6 complex occludes CDK4/6i binding while only weakly suppressing ATP binding. Suppression of INK4 expression or its binding to CDK6 restores CDK4/6i sensitivity. To overcome this constraint, we developed bifunctional degraders conjugating palbociclib with E3 ligands. Two resulting lead compounds potently degraded CDK4/6, leading to substantial antitumor effects <i>in vivo</i>, demonstrating the promising therapeutic potential for retargeting CDK4/6 despite CDK4/6i resistance. SIGNIFICANCE: CDK4/6 kinase activation represents a common mechanism by which oncogenic signaling induces proliferation and is potentially targetable by ATP competitive inhibitors. We identify a CDK6-INK4 complex that is resilient to current-generation inhibitors and develop a new strategy for more effective inhibition of CDK4/6 kinases.<i>This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 275</i>.
Design automation for analog (2006)

The decade of the 1990s saw the first wave of practical "post-SPICE" tools for analog designs. A range of synthesis, optimization, layout and modeling techniques made their way from academic prototypes to first-generation commercial offerings. We offer some pragmatic prognostications for what the next wave might (or, more bluntly, should) focus on next, as pressure to improve AMS design productivity grows.