gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bayesian Estimation of Graph Signals (2022)

We consider the problem of recovering random graph signals from nonlinear measurements. For this setting, closed-form Bayesian estimators are usually intractable and even numerical evaluation may be difficult to compute for large networks. In this paper, we propose a graph signal processing (GSP) framework for random graph signal recovery that utilizes information on the structure behind the data. First, we develop the GSP-linear minimum mean-squared-error (GSP-LMMSE) estimator, which minimizes the mean-squared-error (MSE) among estimators that are represented as an output of a graph filter. The GSP-LMMSE estimator is based on <i>diagonal</i> covariance matrices in the graph frequency domain, and thus, has reduced complexity compared with the LMMSE estimator. This property is especially important when using the sample-mean estimators that are based on a training dataset. We then state conditions under which the low-complexity GSP-LMMSE estimator coincides with the optimal LMMSE estimator. Next, we develop an approximate parametrization of the GSP-LMMSE estimator by graph filters. We present three implementations of the parametric GSP-LMMSE estimator for typical graph filters. These parametric graph filters are more robust to outliers and to network topology changes. In our simulations, we evaluate the performance of the proposed GSP-LMMSE estimators for the problem of state estimation in power systems, which can be interpreted as a graph signal recovery task. We show that the proposed sample-GSP estimators outperform the sample-LMMSE estimator for a limited training dataset and that the parametric GSP-LMMSE estimators are more robust to topology changes in the form of adding/removing vertices/edges.
<title>Source localization with distributed sensor arrays and partial spatial coherence</title> (2000)

We present performance analysis for source localization when wideband aeroacoustic signals are measured at multiple distributed sensor arrays. The acoustic wavefronts are modeled with perfect spatial coherence over individual arrays and with frequency-selective coherence between distinct arrays, thus allowing for random fluctuations due to the propagation medium when the arrays are widely separated. The signals received by the sensors are modeled as wideband Gaussian random processes, and we study the Cramer-Rao bound on source localization accuracy for varying levels of signal coherence between the arrays and for processing schemes with different levels of complexity. When the wavefronts at distributed arrays exhibit partial coherence, we show that the source localization accuracy is significantly improved if the coherence is exploited in the source localization processing. Further, we show that a distributed processing scheme involving bearing estimation at the individual arrays and time-delay estimation between pairs of sensors performs nearly as well as the optimum scheme that jointly processes the data from all sensors. We discuss tradeoffs between source localization accuracy and the bandwidth required to communicate data from the individual arrays to a central fusion center, and results from measured aeroacoustic data are included to illustrate partial spatial coherence at distributed arrays.
Stress-Induced Mouse Model of the Cardiac Manifestations of Friedreich's Ataxia Corrected by AAV-mediated Gene Therapy (2020)

Friedreich's ataxia (FA), an autosomal recessive disorder caused by a deficiency in the expression of frataxin (FXN), is characterized by progressive ataxia and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Although cardiac dysfunction is the most common cause of mortality in FA, the cardiac disease remains subclinical for most of the clinical course because the neurologic disease limits muscle oxygen demands. Previous <i>FXN</i> knockout mouse models exhibit fatal cardiomyopathy similar to human FA, but in contrast to the human condition, untreated mice become moribund by 2 months of age, unlike humans where the cardiac disease often does not manifest until the third decade. The study was designed to create a mouse model for early FA disease relevant to the time for which a gene therapy would likely be most effective. To generate a cardiac-specific mouse model of FA cardiomyopathy similar to the human disease, we used a cardiac promoter (αMyhc) driving CRE recombinase cardiac-specific excision of <i>FXN</i> exon 4 to generate a mild, cardiac-specific FA model that is normal at rest, but exhibits the cardiac phenotype with stress. The hearts of αMyhc mice had decreased levels of FXN and activity of the mitochondrial complex II/complex IV respiratory chain. At rest, αMyhc mice exhibited normal cardiac function as assessed by echocardiographic assessment of ejection fraction and fractional shortening, but when the heart was stressed chemically with dobutamine, αMyhc mice compared with littermate control mice had a 62% reduction in the stress ejection fraction (<i>p</i> < 2 × 10<sup>-4</sup>) and 71% reduction in stress-related fractional shortening (<i>p</i> < 10<sup>-5</sup>). When assessing functional cardiac performance using running on an inclined treadmill, αMyhc mice stayed above the midline threefold less than littermate controls (<i>p</i> < 0.02). A one-time intravenous administration of 10<sup>11</sup> genome copies of AAVrh.10hFXN, an adeno-associated virus (AAV) serotype rh10 gene transfer vector expressing human <i>FXN</i>, corrected the stress-induced ejection fraction and fractional shortening phenotypes. Treated αMyhc mice exhibited exercise performance on a treadmill indistinguishable from littermate controls (<i>p</i> > 0.07). These αMyhc mice provide an ideal model to study long-term cardiac complications due to FA and AAV-mediated gene therapy correction of stress-induced cardiac phenotypes typical of human FA.
Norms and Sanctions as a Basis for Promoting Cybersecurity Practices (2020)

Many cybersecurity breaches occur due to users not following good cybersecurity practices, chief among them being regulations for applying software patches to operating systems, updating applications, and maintaining strong passwords. We capture cybersecurity expectations on users as norms. We empirically investigate sanctioning mechanisms in promoting compliance with those norms as well as the detrimental effect of sanctions on the ability of users to complete their work. We realize these ideas in a game that emulates the decision making of workers in a research lab. Through a human-subject study, we find that whereas individual sanctions are more effective than group sanctions in achieving compliance and less detrimental on the ability of users to complete their work, individual sanctions offer significantly lower resilience especially for organizations comprising risk seekers. Our findings have implications for workforce training in cybersecurity.
Weak-shock solution for explosive shock waves (1976)

The initial pressure wave measured at modest distances from an underwater explosion is often modeled as a spherical shock wave with an exponential decay. A closed-form analytical “weak-shock” solution for the subsequent propagation of such a wave has been obtained. Simple formulas expressing the peak pressure and initial decay constant as function of reduced range are presented. These allow the prediction of the amplitude and initial slope of the wave given only the amplitude and decay constant of the original exponential shock and the density, sound speed and parameter of nonlinearity of the water. The results are in good agreement with the Kirkwood-Bethe theory, measurements, and the widely used experimentally based semiempirical similarity formulas. An expression which gives a close approximation to the waveform as a function of distance is also derived.
Breather soliton dynamics in microresonators (2017)

The generation of temporal cavity solitons in microresonators results in coherent low-noise optical frequency combs that are critical for applications in spectroscopy, astronomy, navigation or telecommunications. Breather solitons also form an important part of many different classes of nonlinear wave systems, manifesting themselves as a localized temporal structure that exhibits oscillatory behaviour. To date, the dynamics of breather solitons in microresonators remains largely unexplored, and its experimental characterization is challenging. Here we demonstrate the excitation of breather solitons in two different microresonator platforms based on silicon nitride and on silicon. We investigate the dependence of the breathing frequency on pump detuning and observe the transition from period-1 to period-2 oscillation. Our study constitutes a significant contribution to understanding the soliton dynamics within the larger context of nonlinear science.
Mechanical Response of Silicon MEMS Diaphragms to Applied Pressure (2013)

The response of silicon-based MEMS diaphragms to applied pressure was studied to determine their ability to effectively measure the extent of blast overpressure. Different pressures (0-100 psi) were applied to silicon diaphragms of different diameters (1200, 1500, and 2200 μm) to study their mechanical response under both static and dynamic conditions using experimental and finite element analysis. A laser triangulation sensor was used to determine the diaphragm displacement as a function of blast pressure. High speed camera images were obtained to understand the response of the diaphragm at an applied blast pressure. Results show consistent behavior for deflections (10, 14, and 26 μm, respectively, at 40 psi) under dynamic conditions. Finite element analysis indicates that the dynamic deflection is larger than the corresponding static deflection for the same applied pressures. Burst strengths were not consistent, although the diaphragms fractured at their circumferential edges and showed a small degree of plastic deformation. It also appears that the diaphragm manifests a hemispherical as well as a conical deflection depending on applied blast pressures.
Robot-Based 3D Ultrasound Scanning and Registration with Infrared Navigation Support (2007)

Surgical procedures with navigation or robot system support usually require pre-operative planning data. This data can be acquired with imaging techniques such as computed tomography (CT), the current gold standard due to its high precision. With such imaging data, access trajectories, implant positions, individual milling paths, etc. can be computed. We present a novel ultrasound-based method to generate 3D image data which is well-suited for many interventions, but less costly than equivalent CT data. The method's feasibility is demonstrated for robot-based implant bed milling in the lateral skull base, in a process consisting of infrared navigation registration, manual ultrasound scan path delineation, path smoothing and checking, and robot-based ultrasound scan execution.
Preparation, characterization, and sterilization of hydrogel sponges for iontophoretic drug‐delivery use (2007)

Abstract Hydrogel sponges of hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) crosslinked with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) were prepared and characterized for iontophoretic drug delivery. Various parameters were examined, including: morphological structure, thermal behavior, mechanical strength, absorption capacity, swelling profile, and hydrogel stability. Three sterilization methods, gamma irradiation, ethylene oxide, and autoclave sterilizations were assessed for revealing the optimal sterilization process avoiding alteration in hydrogel properties. Hydrogels prepared with 75% water and polymerized for 24 hr seem to preserve their physical properties, swelling capacity, and absorption kinetics at least over 5 years from preparation. Gamma irradiation was found to be the most suitable as sterilization method for the dried hydrogels causing minimal alteration of hydrogel properties. This work confirmed the feasibility of preparing stable hydrogel sponges of different shapes with desired mechanical strength and swelling capacities at a rapid rate profile suitable for iontophoretic application and drug delivery. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Dopamine Receptor Binding of Some Pyrazolo[3’,4’:6,7]azepino[5,4,3-cd]indoles (2003)

A synthesis of some substituted pyrazolo [3',4':6,7]azepino[5,4,3-cd]indoles is described and their affinities to dopamine receptors were evaluated.The tested compounds (3a-d and 4a,b) showed micromolar affinity to the bovine D 1 receptor subtype and the human D 2 , D 3 and D 4 receptor isoforms.
Immunology of Experimental Tumors (1964)

One of the most important advances in cancer biology of recent years is the conclusive demonstration that a variety of experimental tumors possess antigenicity capable of eliciting specific immune responses. This review will be restricted largely to those experimental systems in which the antigenic differences between tumor and host have been most clearly defined. In prac­ tice, this limits the field of discussion, with certain exceptions, to studies per­ formed with tumors of recent origin from inbred rodent stocks. A discussion of immunological studies with human tumors is not possible within the com­ pass of this review; this area has recently been reviewed by Southam (1). However, consideration will be given to those aspects of experimental tumor immunology that have direct implications for the study of tumors in man. Other topics of interest which cannot be dealt with here include the use of immunological techniques to identify the products of plasma cell and other neoplasms (2, 3), the immunological aspects of choriocarcinoma in man (4), and immunological evidence concerning the loss of normal cell constituents during the malignant transformation [see Gorer (5»).
Parallelism-Aware Request Scheduling for MEMS-based Storage Devices (2006)

MEMS-based storage is being developed as a new storage media. Due to its attractive features such as high-bandwidth, low-power consumption, and low cost, MEMS storage is anticipated to be used for a wide range of applications. However, MEMS storage has vastly different physical characteristics compared to a traditional disk. First, MEMS storage has thousands of heads that can be activated simultaneously. Second, the media of MEMS storage is a square structure which is different from the platter structure of disks. This paper presents a new request scheduling algorithm for MEMS storage that makes use of the aforementioned characteristics. This new algorithm considers the parallelism of MEMS storage as well as the seek time on the two dimensional square structure. We then extend this algorithm to consider the aging factor so that starvation resistance is improved. Simulation studies show that the proposed algorithms improve the performance of MEMS storage by up to 39.2% in terms of the average response time and 62.4% in terms of starvation resistance compared to the widely acknowledged SPTF (Shortest Positioning Time First) algorithm.
Fundamental scaling properties of electro-mechanical switches (2012)

We discuss the fundamental processes including electron conduction and adhesion of metallic contacts pertaining to the scaling of the performance metrics of nano-electro-mechanical switches. In particular, we show that under most circumstances, the switching energy is governed by the force that is needed in order to break the electrical contact when opening the switch. For an optimally designed parallel plate capacitor switch, the energy consumption does not depend on the actuation voltage. However, stray capacitances degrade the energy efficiency if a high operating voltage is chosen. The limit is of the order of 1 V for an aggressively scaled Si device, for which an overall switching energy of the order of 150 eV, a footprint area of 2500 nm ^2 and a switching time of 200 ps are predicted. The scaling analysis also stipulates that materials with a low free electron density and high effective mass should be used for the electrical contact, which is counter-intuitive, as such materials are known to be poor conductors on the macroscopic scale.
Concurrent nuclear ERG and MYC protein overexpression defines a subset of locally advanced prostate cancer: Potential opportunities for synergistic targeted therapeutics (2016)

Concurrent nuclear ERG and MYC protein overexpression is common in prostate cancer and defines a subset of locally advanced tumors. Recent data indicates that BET bromodomain proteins regulate ERG gene fusion and MYC gene expression in prostate cancer, suggesting possible synergistic targeted therapeutics in ERG-positive/MYC high tumors. Prostate 76:845-853, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Redundant backscattering modulation of passive UHF RFID tags (2013)

In this paper a study on the nonlinearities effects on passive UHF RFID tags is established. From experimentation, once the communication is established between reader and tag, the evidence of existence of a 3 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rd</sup> harmonic carrying information by the backscattered modulation is presented. Contrary to the classic approaches which tend to eliminate the harmonics generated by the rectifier part of the tag, an idea of their exploitation by defining a redundant channel is discussed.
Causal Inference When Counterfactuals Depend on the Proportion of All Subjects Exposed (2019)

The assumption that no subject's exposure affects another subject's outcome, known as the no-interference assumption, has long held a foundational position in the study of causal inference. However, this assumption may be violated in many settings, and in recent years has been relaxed considerably. Often this has been achieved with either the aid of a known underlying network, or the assumption that the population can be partitioned into separate groups, between which there is no interference, and within which each subject's outcome may be affected by all the other subjects in the group via the proportion exposed (the stratified interference assumption). In this article, we instead consider a complete interference setting, in which each subject affects every other subject's outcome. In particular, we make the stratified interference assumption for a single group consisting of the entire sample. We show that a targeted maximum likelihood estimator for the i.i.d. setting can be used to estimate a class of causal parameters that includes direct effects and overall effects under certain interventions. This estimator remains doubly-robust, semiparametric efficient, and continues to allow for incorporation of machine learning under our model. We conduct a simulation study, and present results from a data application where we study the effect of a nurse-based triage system on the outcomes of patients receiving HIV care in Kenyan health clinics.
Role of Total Knee Arthroplasty Approaches in Gait Recovery through 6 Months (2013)

Four major approaches to total knee arthroplasty (TKA) exist: standard parapatellar, subvastus, midvastus, and mini-parapatellar. Research has shown that there may be some benefit to patients when minimally invasive approaches are employed. However, research has not shown whether the minimally invasive approaches are beneficial for restoring patients' gait when compared against those of healthy age-matched subjects. This study has compared the effect of the four surgical approaches using computer navigation on recovery of gait at 2, 4, and 6 months. Although some statistically significant differences exist among surgical approaches at specific points of the gait cycle, results demonstrate that no approach is superior to another in restoring patients' gait across the entire gait cycle.
Tunable Micromachined Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (1995)

Tunable vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSEL) have a wide variety of potential applications in optical communications and instrumentation. To date, tunable VCSEL's have relied on temperature tumng[1-2], or external cavities[3]. The largest tuning was from a red shift induced by heating, which is undesirable.- In this paper we present, for the first time, a tunable VCSEL structure which uses a monolithic movable mirror to change the lasing wavelength. We present record tuning of 15 nm, including both red and blue shifts, using a tuning voltage of 5.7 volts.
INO-4800 DNA Vaccine Induces Neutralizing Antibodies and T cell Activity Against Global SARS-CoV-2 Variants (2021)

Abstract Global surveillance has identified emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC) associated with broadened host specificity, pathogenicity, and immune evasion to vaccine induced immunity. Here we compared humoral and cellular responses against SARS-CoV-2 VOC in subjects immunized with the DNA vaccine, INO-4800. INO-4800 vaccination induced neutralizing antibodies against all variants tested, with reduced levels detected against B.1.351. IFNγ T cell responses were fully maintained against all variants tested.
Microorganisms and Explosives: Mechanisms of Nitrogen Release from TNT for Use as an N-Source for Growth (2009)

Unstable reduced derivatives of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) produced by microorganisms have been found to release nitrite by rearomatization and/or condensation. Here, we present further information regarding the novel mechanism of the condensation of reactive hydroxylaminodinitrotoluene and the Meisenheimer dihydride complex of TNT to produce two secondary diarylamine isomers. Using uniformly 15N-labeled (15N3) TNT, we show that the nitrite is being released by the condensation reaction and, also under environmental conditions, will originate from the microbiologically generated dihydride complex.
Facile Synthesis of 1,1‐gem‐Dialkylperfluoroalkylamines. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Electrically pumped, edge-emitting, large-area photonic crystal lasers with straight and angled facets (2007)

We propose and demonstrate electrically pumped, edge-emitting, large-area photonic crystal lasers. Effective index-guided and Bragg-guided lasing modes are obtained depending on the design of photonic crystal and facets.
Low Cost Long Distance Detector for Explosives and Chemical Analysis by IEC Application (2005)

A radiation source for detecting specific chemicals at several meter distances even behind walls, car doors or other barriers is the application of Million electron Volts (MeV) neutrons from nuclear fusion reactions at such low intensities to avoid any danger for human bodies. The chemical analysis consists in the neutron activation of nuclei emitting then gamma radiation of lines very specific for the excited nuclei. The neutron generation by the Inertial Electrostatic Confinement (IEC) had been developed to a level where very low cost neutron generators in mass production may be developed with a power supply from a normal AC plug-in or a battery. For specific chemicals e.g. the ratio of nitrogen against other elements used in all explosives, the selection of few specific gamma lines for the detectors may be of sufficiently low cost in the case of mass production.
Sample preparation and image acquisition using optical‐reflective microscopy in the measurement of fiber orientation in thermoplastic composites (2012)

Summary A complete sample preparation procedure used to determine three‐dimensional fiber orientation from optical micrographs of glass fiber‐reinforced thermoplastic composites is presented. Considerations for elimination of irregularities in the elliptical footprints, contrast enhancement between fibers and surrounding polymer matrix, controlled‐etching that allows the identification of small shadows where fiber recedes into the matrix, and topographical reconstruction of the elliptical footprint are described in the procedure. This procedure has produced high‐quality optical micrographs employed to obtain accurate fiber orientation data for thermoplastic composites using the method of ellipses. The optimal definition of the nonelliptical footprints’ borders allows an accurate measurement of orientation in small sampling areas.