gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tuneable fluidics within graphene nanogaps for water purification and energy storage (2017)

Precise control of liquid-solid interactions within sub-micrometer spaces is critical to maximize the active surface areas in porous materials, yet is challenging because of the limited liquid penetration. Here we discover an effective, dry-climate natural plant-inspired approach to guide water into sub-micrometer graphene microwells (Sub-small mu GWs) and to tune the transition from the hydrophobic to superhydrophilic states. Dry plasma texturing of Sub-small mu GWs by graphene {'}nano-flaps{'} which adjust the tilt and density upon controlled liquid evaporation leads to controlled and stable sub-micrometer-scale surface modification and variable wettability in a wide range. This effect helps capture Au nanoparticles on the Sub-small mu GW surfaces as a proof-of-principle water purification platform and tune the charge-storage capacity and frequency response of Sub-small mu GW-based supercapacitors without altering the Sub-small mu GW backbones. The outcomes may be extended into diverse materials and solutions thus opening new opportunities for next-generation devices{,} systems and applications.
Use of a novel helical fan beam imaging system for computed tomography of the distal limb in sedated standing horses: 167 cases (2019–2020) (2022)

The helical fan beam CT system could be used safely to scan sedated standing horses from the carpal or tarsal region distally. Subjectively, the machine was easy to operate, allowing CT to be incorporated into lameness investigations. CT imaging was very likely to result in a clinical diagnosis in horses with distal limb lameness.
Mechanisms of resistance of new wheat gene Dn10 in comparison with other Dn genes resistant to Russian wheat aphid (2020)

Abstract The Russian wheat aphid (RWA, Diuraphis noxia Kurdjumov) is a global pest of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) that became a significant problem to wheat and barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) in the United States soon after it was detected in 1986. Russian wheat aphid‐resistant wheat varieties expressing the Dn4 gene were effective in managing the first biotype, RWA1, from 1995–2003 until a new biotype, RWA2, overcame this resistance in 2003. Currently, only three genes are useful in developing RWA2 resistance in wheat. A new gene, Dn10 , was recently discovered that is resistant to RWA2. This study characterized the effects that RWA1 and RWA2 had on the damage (leaf chlorosis and leaf roll) and growth components (plant height and leaf number) of plants expressing RWA resistance genes Dn4 , Dn7 , Dn10 , Dn2401 , Dn626580 , and Dn2414 and the susceptible ‘Yuma’ 22 d after infestation. All plant genotypes that were RWA resistant expressed strong resistance to leaf chlorosis and leaf roll after RWA1 feeding. Results were similar for RWA2 except for the Dn4 genotype, which was equally susceptible as Yuma. Plant height was reduced by 50% for susceptible Yuma and Dn626580 by RWA1 and RWA2 feeding. Plant height and leaf reduction from RWA2 feeding on the susceptible Dn4 genotype were also reduced by 50%, whereas Dn7 , Dn10 , and Dn2414 reductions were &lt;23%. Dn10 exhibited strong resistance to RWA1 and RWA2 feeding damage comparable with Dn7 and Dn2414 and showed less reduction in plant height than Dn2401 and Dn626580 , which makes it a potentially valuable gene for wheat breeding programs.
Catalytic Acceptorless Dehydrogenation (CAD) of Secondary Benzylic Alcohols into Value-Added Ketones Using Pd(II)–NHC Complexes (2023)

For the creation of adaptable carbonyl compounds in organic synthesis, the oxidation of alcohols is a crucial step. As a sustainable alternative to the harmful traditional oxidation processes, transition-metal catalysts have recently attracted a lot of interest in acceptorless dehydrogenation reactions of alcohols. Here, using well-defined, air-stable palladium(II)-NHC catalysts (A-F), we demonstrate an effective method for the catalytic acceptorless dehydrogenation (CAD) reaction of secondary benzylic alcohols to produce the corresponding ketones and molecular hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>). Catalytic acceptorless dehydrogenation (CAD) has been successfully used to convert a variety of alcohols, including electron-rich/electron-poor aromatic secondary alcohols, heteroaromatic secondary alcohols, and aliphatic cyclic alcohols, into their corresponding value-added ketones while only releasing molecular hydrogen as a byproduct.
Boron and Carbon co-doping in high percentage Silicon-Germanium Alloys - Effects of Dopant Incorporation, Strain Compensation and Microstructure - (2011)

2011 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials,Boron and Carbon co-doping in high percentage Silicon-Germanium Alloys - Effects of Dopant Incorporation, Strain Compensation and Microstructure -
Anti-dark spatial solitons with incoherent light (2000)

Summary form only given. We demonstrate, for the first time to our knowledge, stable partially incoherent anti-dark solitons in non-instantaneous nonlinear media. Experimental results and computer simulations indicate that the instability affecting an anti-dark soliton can be totally eliminated by properly engineering the incoherence of its background beam with respect to the threshold required for the onset of incoherent modulation instability (MI). The modal structure of the anti-dark states is analyzed in case where the nonlinearity is of the Kerr type. These anti-dark solitons are the only known soliton solutions that have non-zero intensity everywhere in space yet they propagate in a stable fashion in a self-focusing medium.
Impact of a Cardio-Oncology Unit on Prevention of Cardiovascular Events in Cancer Patients (2022)

Patients who start oncological protocols without an accurate baseline cardiovascular evaluation are at major risk of developing cardiac complications due to antineoplastic treatments.
Elucidation of Regulatory Modes for Five Two-Component Systems in Escherichia coli Reveals Novel Relationships (2020)

<i>Escherichia coli</i> uses two-component systems (TCSs) to respond to environmental signals. TCSs affect gene expression and are parts of <i>E. coli</i>'s global transcriptional regulatory network (TRN). Here, we identified the regulons of five TCSs in <i>E. coli</i> MG1655: BaeSR and CpxAR, which were stimulated by ethanol stress; KdpDE and PhoRB, induced by limiting potassium and phosphate, respectively; and ZraSR, stimulated by zinc. We analyzed RNA-seq data using independent component analysis (ICA). ChIP-exo data were used to validate condition-specific target gene binding sites. Based on these data, we do the following: (i) identify the target genes for each TCS; (ii) show how the target genes are transcribed in response to stimulus; and (iii) reveal novel relationships between TCSs, which indicate noncognate inducers for various response regulators, such as BaeR to iron starvation, CpxR to phosphate limitation, and PhoB and ZraR to cell envelope stress. Our understanding of the TRN in <i>E. coli</i> is thus notably expanded.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> <i>E. coli</i> is a common commensal microbe found in the human gut microenvironment; however, some strains cause diseases like diarrhea, urinary tract infections, and meningitis. <i>E. coli</i>'s two-component systems (TCSs) modulate target gene expression, especially related to virulence, pathogenesis, and antimicrobial peptides, in response to environmental stimuli. Thus, it is of utmost importance to understand the transcriptional regulation of TCSs to infer bacterial environmental adaptation and disease pathogenicity. Utilizing a combinatorial approach integrating RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), independent component analysis, chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with exonuclease treatment (ChIP-exo), and data mining, we suggest five different modes of TCS transcriptional regulation. Our data further highlight noncognate inducers of TCSs, which emphasizes the cross-regulatory nature of TCSs in <i>E. coli</i> and suggests that TCSs may have a role beyond their cognate functionalities. In summary, these results can lead to an understanding of the metabolic capabilities of bacteria and correctly predict complex phenotype under diverse conditions, especially when further incorporated with genome-scale metabolic models.
How can practitioners decide when to reconstruct a torn anterior cruciate ligament? (2013)

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are a common problem with 80,000 ACL injuries in the athletic population and 200,000 in the general population annually in the USA [1,2]. With growth in youth sports and activities, ACL injuries are a problem in the active adolescent population [3]. ACL reconstruction techniques designed to restore knee stability and protect the menisci and cartilage from damage are popular, but the decision of in whom to perform a reconstruction is not as clear as simply identifying a torn ACL on MRI. Some patients can develop functional stability with conservative treatment, while others require operative reconstruction to provide stability. Age, activity level, patient expectations, knee stability, mechanical alignment and cartilage status each play an important role in deciding who will maximally benefit from a surgical intervention versus nonoperative rehabilitation and/or bracing. In addition, one must consider the risk of joint degeneration and osteoarthritis (OA) to the knee with and without a functional ACL. The kinematics and contact mechanics of the knee with and without an ACL or an ACL reconstruction have been studied to provide greater insights into the role of the ACL in joint contact stresses and potentially OA [4]. Patients have a variable ability to function with ACL def iciency based on anatomic differences, activity level and expectations. Noyes et al. proposed a ‘rule of thirds’ in the 1980s [5]. ‘Copers’ are the one third of patients that resume activities and manage well without reconstruction, ‘adapters’ manage by modifying activities and ‘noncopers’ have recurrent instability with activities and require ACL reconstruction to restore functional stability. Very few studies have successfully addressed how to identify the potential copers from the noncopers and thereby focus ACL reconstructive surgery on those patients who will derive maximal benefit. Copers have been shown to have movement patterns consistent with knee stability [6] with significantly less anterior laxity, fewer incidences of instability or episodes Moira M McCarthy*, Suzanne Maher, Asheesh Bedi & Russell F Warren Editorial
Pilot Study on Oral Health Status as Assessed by an Active Matrix Metalloproteinase‐8 Chairside Mouthrinse Test in Adolescents (2015)

In 5 minutes, the aMMP-8 chairside test showed promising results, recognizing oral inflammatory burden in adolescents with early initial signs of periodontitis. Caries lesions could also be detected, but less efficiently.
Light Pollution Monitoring Using A Modular IoT Sensor Platform (2022)

Light pollution, caused by indiscriminate use of artificial lighting at night, is a growing threat to astronomy, the environment, and other fields. Monitoring light pollution can help inform local communities on its impact on their environment, especially nocturnal plants and animals, such as sea turtles. However, existing systems for light pollution monitoring are expensive, non-scalable, and uni-directional, while others are inaccurate and cannot be deployed at a large scale. In this paper, we propose a modular IoT sensor platform called Pasteables with reconfigurable and easily replaceable components. We tailor this sensor platform to use many of the sensors related to monitoring light pollution. It builds upon our previous work that shares the idea of a generic modular sensing platform [1]. Unlike the previous work, we created new designs for the Components for Uniform Interface (CUI) with sensors, including light sensor, temperature/pressure sensor, and GPS. We fabricated PCB proto-types of this Pasteables platform using FR-4 material and surface mount components. Each CUI connects to the base pad using edge connectors to make the CUIs reconfigurable during installation. With these prototypes, we evaluated its responsiveness and sensitivity at two different locations of varying heights for the light source against the least expensive existing solution.
Nanostructured Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Organic Thin Films Generated via Parallel Dip‐Pen Nanolithography (2005)

Polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) organic thin films with diameters ranging from 80 to 200 nm can be generated from dip-pen nanolithography (DPN) fabricated templates. Through the use of multi-pen AFM cantilever probes, parallel fabrication of PEM features with nanoscale resolution can be achieved. This demonstrates the versatility of the parallel DPN approach and its applicability to building nano-/microscale structures in conjunction with a layer-by-layer method.
Fields in laser-ablated plasmas generalized to degenerate electrons and to Fermi energy in nuclei with change to quark-gluon plasma (2004)

The studies of laser ablation have lead to a new theory of nuclei, endothermic nuclei generation and quark-gluon plasmas. The surface of ablated plasma expanding into vacuum after high power laser irradiation of targets, contains an electric double layer having the thickness of the Debye length. This led to the discovery of surface tension of plasmas and to the internal dynamic electric fields in all inhomogeneous plasmas. The surface causes stabilization by short length surface waves smoothing the expanding plasma plume. Generalizing this to the degenerate electrons in a metal with the Fermi energy instead of the temperature, resulted in the surface tension of metals in agreement with measurements. Taking then the Fermi energy in the Debye length for nucleons results in a theory of nuclei with stable confinement of protons and neutrons just at the well known nuclear density, and in the Debye length equal to Hofstadter's decay of the nuclear surface. Increasing the nuclear density by a factor of 6 leads to the change of the Fermi energy into its relativistic branch where no surface energy is possible and the particle mass is not defined, permitting the quark-gluon plasma. Expansion of this higher density at the big band or in a supernova results in nucleation and element generation. The Boltzmann equilibrium permits the synthesis of nuclei even in the endothermic range limited to about uranium.
SummN: A Multi-Stage Summarization Framework for Long Input Dialogues and Documents: A Multi-Stage Summarization Framework for Long Input Dialogues and Documents (2022)

Yusen Zhang, Ansong Ni, Ziming Mao, Chen Henry Wu, Chenguang Zhu, Budhaditya Deb, Ahmed Awadallah, Dragomir Radev, Rui Zhang. Proceedings of the 60th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers). 2022.
Generalized maximum power point tracker (2013)

Renewable energy source is an echo friendly source of electrical energy. This paper develops a maximum power point tracker (MPPT) for optimizing the power output from any source under varying load condition. Simulations are carried out in MATLAB using Perturb and observe algorithm and incremental conductance algorithm and results compared.
Hydrothermal Stability and Cracking Behavior of Silicoaluminophosphate Molecular Sieve-37 with Different Silicon Contents (1991)

The decomposition of organic templates in SAP0-37 and the evolution of the hydroxyl groups upon calcination as well as the stability of the framework have been followed by IR spectroscopy. Moreover, activity and selectivity to n-heptane and gas-oil cracking allow us to discuss the acidity character of SAPO-37 as compared to USY zeolites.
Separation of Nanoparticles in Aqueous Multiphase Systems through Centrifugation (2012)

This paper demonstrates the use of aqueous multiphase systems (MuPSs) as media for rate-zonal centrifugation to separate nanoparticles of different shapes and sizes. The properties of MuPSs do not change with time or during centrifugation; this stability facilitates sample collection after separation. A three-phase system demonstrates the separation of the reaction products (nanorods, nanospheres, and large particles) of a synthesis of gold nanorods, and enriches the nanorods from 48 to 99% in less than ten minutes using a benchtop centrifuge.
Utilisation de l'embryon de Gammarus fossarum en écotoxicologie (2016)

/ Le stade embryonnaire des vertébrés n'est pas soumis aux règles définies par la Directive européenne 2010/63/EU traitant de l'utilisation des animaux pour les recherches scientifiques. Aussi de nombreuses études en écotoxicologie ont-elles portées sur le stade embryonnaire de poissons et de batraciens. Ces travaux ont, en particulier, abouti à la normalisation du test embryons sur poisson (OCDE TG 236). Le stade embryonnaire présenterait, de plus, deux avantages largement détaillés dans la littérature scientifique : ce stade de développement serait particulièrement sensible à une exposition toxique et son étude permettrait de comprendre le mode d'action de certains composés toxiques. Malgré ces atouts, l'étude du stade embryonnaire chez les invertébrés demeure confidentielle. Dans le présent travail de recherche, après avoir développé la culture d'embryons de l'amphipode Gammarus fossarum en micro-plaques, nous avons évalué la sensibilité de ce stade de développement au cadmium (Cd), un élément trace métallique non essentiel. Pour ce faire, des embryons ont été exposés pendant l'intégralité du cycle de développement embryonnaire à des concentrations croissantes en Cd (0, 1,5 µg.L-1 et 3 µg.L-1). Afin d'identifier les fenêtres de sensibilité, nous avons, en outre, exposé des embryons à 3 µg.L-1 de Cd au cours de périodes plus courtes : pendant la gastrulation, l'organogénèse et la naissance. Sur les nouveau-nés, nous avons mesuré : i) la masse, ii) les activités phénoloxydases et prophénoloxydases, des enzymes impliquées dans la production de la mélanine, et iii) la locomotion par suivi vidéo (ViewPoint ZebraBox®). Ces travaux ont mis en évidence les effets délétères d'une exposition pendant l'intégralité du cycle embryonnaire à 3 µg.L-1 de Cd : la naissance est retardée, les activités phénoloxydases et prophénoloxydases sont affectées et l'activité locomotrice est fortement réduite. En revanche, une exposition à cette même concentration pendant des temps plus courts n'induit pas de tels effets. Ces résultats mettent en évidence la sensibilité de l'embryon de Gammarus fossarum au Cd et suggèrent que ce stade de développement pourrait être utilisé, dans le futur, en écotoxicologie.
Long-term and non-invasive in vivo tracking of DiD dye-labeled human hepatic progenitors in chronic liver disease models (2022)

DiD-labeling is promising for long-term and non-invasive <i>in vivo</i> cell tracking, and understanding the regenerative mechanisms incurred by the transplanted cells.
Power-Adjusted Random Access to a Wireless Channel (2008)

The operation of widely-deployed random access to wireless networks is based on limited information on the result of each access attempt. When making a random access attempt, users usually do not know the exact amount of transmit power to make it successful. Also, upon failure of a transmission attempt, a user cannot tell whether the failure was caused by collision with other simultaneously-transmitting users or by his use of insufficient transmit power. To handle lack of information on the cause of failure, we propose an innovative Cause-of-Failure (CoF) resolution which increases the transmit power after a given number of consecutive unsuccessful access attempts when the probability that a given failure is caused by collision becomes sufficiently low. To exploit the thus-achieved transmit power for the next random access attempt, we also determine the Cause-of-Success (CoS) based on the number of consecutive successful attempts, i.e., whether to decrease or maintain the present transmit power probabilistically. This way, users can adjust their transmit power for random access, which we call Auto Power Fallback (APF). We evaluate APF by modeling analysis and numerical computation based on the slotted Aloha, showing that APF makes significant energy-savings for uplink random accesses while achieving good performance.
ChemInform Abstract: Amino Alcohol Coordination in Ruthenium(II)‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Probing restricted diffusion and exchange using free gradient waveforms:\n validation by numerical simulations (2021)

Monitoring time-dependence with diffusion MRI yields observables sensitive to\ncompartment sizes (restricted diffusion) and membrane permeability (water\nexchange). However, restricted diffusion and exchange have opposite effects on\nthe diffusion-weighted signal, which can confound parameter estimates. In this\nwork, we present a signal representation that captures the effects of both\nrestricted diffusion and exchange up to second order in b-value and is\ncompatible with gradient waveforms of arbitrary shape. The representation\nfeatures mappings from a gradient waveform to two scalars that separately\ncontrol the sensitivity to restriction and exchange. We demonstrate that these\nscalars span a two-dimensional space that can be used to choose waveforms that\nselectively probe restricted diffusion or exchange, in order to eliminate the\ncorrelation between the two phenomena. We found that waveforms with specific\nbut unconventional shapes provide an advantage over conventional pulsed and\noscillating gradient acquisitions. We also show that parametrisation of\nwaveforms into a two-dimensional space can be used to understand protocols from\nother approaches that probe restricted diffusion and exchange. For example, we\nfind that the variation of mixing time in filter-exchange imaging corresponds\nto variation of our exchange-weighting scalar at a fixed value of the\nrestriction-weighting scalar. Numerical evaluation of the proposed signal\nrepresentation using Monte Carlo simulations on a synthetic substrate showed\nthat the theory is applicable to sizes in the range 2 - 7 micrometres and\nbarrier-limited exchange in the range 0 - 20 s$^{-1}$. The presented theory\nconstitutes a simple and intuitive description of how restricted diffusion and\nexchange influence the signal as well as how to design a protocol to separate\nthe two effects.\n
Pairing, pair-breaking, and their roles in setting the Tc of cuprate high temperature superconductors (2015)

The key ingredients in any superconductor are the Cooper pairs, in which two electrons combine to form a composite boson. In all conventional superconductors the pairing strength alone sets the majority of the physical properties including the superconducting transition temperature T$_c$. In the cuprate high temperature superconductors, no such link has yet been found between the pairing interactions and T$_c$. Using a new variant of photoelectron spectroscopy we measure both the pair-forming ($Δ$) and a self energy/pair-breaking term ($Γ_s$) as a function of sample type and sample temperature, and we make the measurements over a wide range of doping and temperatures within and outside of the pseudogap/competing order doping regimes. In all cases we find that T$_c$ is approximately set by a crossover between the pair-forming strength $Δ$ and 3 times the self-energy term $Γ_s$ - a new paradigm for superconductivity. In addition to departing from conventional superconductivity in which the pairing alone sets T$_c$, these results indicate the zero-order importance of the near-nodal self-energy effects compared to competing order/pseudogap effects.