gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical and Structural Study of a Chemically Dealloyed PtCu Oxygen Reduction Catalyst (2010)

A carbon-supported, dealloyed platinum-copper (Pt-Cu) oxygen reduction catalyst was prepared using a multi-step synthetic procedure. Material produced at each step was characterized using high angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM), electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) mapping, x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and cyclic voltammetry (CV), and its oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity was measured by a thin-film rotating disk electrode (TF-RDE) technique. The initial synthetic step, a co-reduction of metal salts, produced a range of poorly crystalline Pt, Cu, and Pt-Cu alloy nanoparticles that nevertheless exhibited good ORR activity. Annealing this material alloyed the metals and increased particle size and crystallinity. TEM shows the annealed catalyst to include particles of various sizes, large (>25 nm), medium (12-25 nm), and small (<12 nm). Most of the small and medium-sized particles exhibited a partial or complete coreshell (Cu-rich core and Pt shell) structure with the smaller particles typically having more complete shells. The appearance of Pt shells after annealing indicates that they are formed by a thermal diffusion mechanism. Although the specific activity of the catalyst material was more than doubled by annealing, the concomitant decrease in Pt surface area resulted in a drop in its mass activity. Subsequent dealloying of the catalyst by acid treatment to partially remove the copper increased the Pt surface area by changing the morphology of the large and some medium particles to a "Swiss cheese" type structure having many voids. The smaller particles retained their core-shell structure. The specific activity of the catalyst material was little reduced by dealloying, but its mass activity was more than doubled due to the increase in surface area. The possible origins of these results are discussed in this report.
Continuous Flow Synthesis of Bimetallic AuPd Catalysts for the Selective Oxidation of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5‐Furandicarboxylic Acid (2020)

Abstract The production of 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) from the selective oxidation of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is a critical step in the production of biopolymers from biomass‐derived materials. In this study, we report the catalytic performance of monometallic Au and Pd, and bimetallic AuPd nanoparticles with different Au : Pd molar ratios synthesised under continuous flow conditions using a millifluidic set‐up and subsequently deposited onto titanium dioxide as the chosen support. This synthetic technique provided a better control over mean particle size and metal alloy composition, that resulted in higher FDCA yield when the catalysts were compared to similar batch‐synthesised materials. A 99% FDCA yield was obtained with the millifluidic‐prepared AuPd/TiO 2 catalyst (Au : Pd molar composition of 75 : 25) after being calcined and reduced at 200 °C. The heat treatment caused a partial removal of the protective ligand (polyvinyl alcohol) encapsulating the nanoparticles and so induced stronger metal‐support interactions. The catalyst reusability was also tested, and showed limited particle sintering after five reaction cycles.
Transglycosylation and Condensation of Disaccharide Units Using Endo-type Glycosidases (2004)

エンドグリコシダーゼによる二糖単位の糖鎖の転移と縮合について筆者らの研究を二つ紹介する。最初に、我々は Trichoderma reesei 由来の市販のセルラーゼ粗酵素中に、p-ニトロフェニルβラクトシド (Lacβ-pNP) あるいはラクトサミニド (LacNAcβ-pNP) から、ラクトース (Lac) あるいはN-アセチルラクトサミン (LacNAc) 二糖単位を一度に転移する活性を見いだした。本酵素活性を利用してアルキルβラクトシドなど種々のβ-ラクトシドを合成した。本酵素は、転移反応だけでなく二糖単位とアグリコンの縮合反応も触媒した。1-アルカノール、アルカンジオール、アリルアルコール、グリセロール、Man、Glcなどが二糖単位の受容体となり、アルカノールのアルキル鎖長がC2からC12へと伸びるにつれて転移や縮合の効率は低下した。共存するβ-ガラクトシダーゼの除去により、ラクトースとグリセロールの縮合効率は40%に達した。本酵素を用いた縮合反応により、Lac やLacNAcを有する様々な配糖体の実践的合成が可能となり、人工糖脂質前駆体の新奇合成に道を開いた。粗酵素の精製と加水分解における基質競合試験の結果から、Lac あるいはLacNAc単位の転移と縮合は一種類の酵素によって行われ、それはエンドβ(1-4)-グルカナーゼの一種であることが示唆された。次の例として、複合糖質糖鎖の構造や生理機能解析に広く用いられている Escherichia freundii 由来のエンド-β-ガラクトシダーゼが、GlcNAcβ1-3Gal二糖単位を位置選択的にGlcNAc残基の4位OH基に転移する活性を有することを紹介する。本酵素の糖転移能を利用することにより、ポリ-N-アセチルラクトサミンの簡便な酵素合成が可能となった。
Reduced Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Adult Transgenic Mice with Chronic Astrocytic Production of Interleukin-6 (2002)

Postnatal neurogenesis can be modulated after brain injury, but the role of the attendant expression of inflammatory mediators in such responses remains to be determined. Here we report that transgenically directed production of interleukin-6 (IL-6) by astroglia decreased overall neurogenesis by 63% in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of young adult transgenic mice. The proliferation, survival, and differentiation of neural progenitor cells labeled with the thymidine analog bromodeoxyuridine were all reduced in the granule cell layer of these mice, whereas their distribution and gliogenesis appeared normal. These effects were not a consequence of general toxicity of the IL-6 transgene, because they were manifested in the absence of neuronal death and of major changes in glial cell number and morphology. These findings suggest that long-term exposure of the brain to proinflammatory mediators such as IL-6, as is seen in certain degenerative disorders and infections, can interfere with adult neurogenesis.
Enclosed Chiral Environments from Self‐Assembled Metal‐Organic Polyhedra (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Inverse Electron Demand Diels—Alder Reactions of N‐Acyl 6‐Amino‐3‐(methylthio)‐1,2,4,5‐tetrazines. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Table S4 from Vaccination with Designed Neopeptides Induces Intratumoral, Cross-reactive CD4<sup>+</sup> T-cell Responses in Glioblastoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Predicted TSA/TAA-derived N-peptides and D-neopeptides&lt;/p&gt;
Lesions of the dorsolateral funiculus block supraspinal opioid delta receptor mediated antinociception in the rat (1999)

Previous experiments have demonstrated that [D-Ala(2), Glu(4)]deltorphin (DELT) produces delta-receptor mediated antinociceptive effects when microinjected into the rat lateral ventricle and ventral medial medullary reticular formation (MRF), but not in the periaqueductal grey region (PAG). The present experiments were undertaken to further characterize the role of delta opioid agonists microinjected into the MRF and to explore the possibility of a descending pain modulatory system which might be linked to supraspinal delta opioid receptors. Rats received formalin into the dorsum of the right hindpaw and flinching responses were recorded. DELT given intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.), intrathecally (i.th.) or into the MRF before formalin produced a dose-dependent and delta opioid receptor-mediated attenuation of both the first and second phases of the formalin-induced foot flinch response. DELT given i.c.v., i.th., or into the MRF also blocked formalin-induced increase in Fos-like immunoreactivity (FLI) in the dorsal horn of lumbar spinal cord ipsilateral to the formalin injection. Unilateral lesioning of the ipsilateral dorsolateral funiculus (DLF) did not alter nociceptive responses to formalin alone, but blocked the antinociceptive effect of DELT administered into the MRF; DELT was fully active in sham-DLF lesioned rats. Additionally, rats with DLF lesions did not show decreases in formalin-induced FLI in the ipsilateral lumbar spinal cord after injection of DELT into the MRF. These data suggest that delta opioid receptors in the MRF may be involved in activation of a descending inhibitory pain pathway projecting through the DLF to modulate tonic nociceptive input at the spinal level.
Effectiveness and practicality of control strategies for African swine fever: what do we really know? (2016)

African swine fever (ASF) is a major pig health problem, and the causative virus is moving closer to Western European regions where pig density is high. Stopping or slowing down the spread of ASF requires mitigation strategies that are both effective and practical. Based on the elicitation of ASF expert opinion, this study identified surveillance and intervention strategies for ASF that are perceived as the most effective by providing the best combination between effectiveness and practicality. Among the 20 surveillance strategies that were identified, passive surveillance of wild boar and syndromic surveillance of pig mortality were considered to be the most effective surveillance strategies for controlling ASF virus spread. Among the 22 intervention strategies that were identified, culling of all infected herds and movement bans for neighbouring herds were regarded as the most effective intervention strategies. Active surveillance and carcase removal in wild boar populations were rated as the most effective surveillance and intervention strategies, but were also considered to be the least practical, suggesting that more research is needed to develop more effective methods for controlling ASF in wild boar populations.
Lyfjafræðileg umsjá í Heilsugæslunni í Garðabæ - greining á fjölda og eðli lyfjatengdra vandamála eldri einstaklinga (2017)

Our results reveal that a pharmacist providing pharmaceutical care makes, on average, two comments regarding each drug therapy. In almost all cases the general practitioners accept the comments.
Qualitative analysis and biological evaluation of propolis from lake Prespa region-Greece (2021)

Propolis is a balsamic and resinous substance, produced by bees (Apis mellifera). It is characterized by a variable chemical composition, depending on the local flora, and it has shown significant bioactivities and commercial applications [1].
Surface-Matrix Screening Identifies Semi-specific Interactions that Improve Potency of a Near Pan-reactive HIV-1-Neutralizing Antibody (2018)

Highly effective HIV-1-neutralizing antibodies could have utility in the prevention or treatment of HIV-1 infection. To improve the potency of 10E8, an antibody capable of near pan-HIV-1 neutralization, we engineered 10E8-surface mutants and screened for improved neutralization. Variants with the largest functional enhancements involved the addition of hydrophobic or positively charged residues, which were positioned to interact with viral membrane lipids or viral glycan-sialic acids, respectively. In both cases, the site of improvement was spatially separated from the region of antibody mediating molecular contact with the protein component of the antigen, thereby improving peripheral semi-specific interactions while maintaining unmodified dominant contacts responsible for broad recognition. The optimized 10E8 antibody, with mutations to phenylalanine and arginine, retained the extraordinary breadth of 10E8 but with ∼10-fold increased potency. We propose surface-matrix screening as a general method to improve antibodies, with improved semi-specific interactions between antibody and antigen enabling increased potency without compromising breadth.
Estrogen and sex-dependent loss of the vocal learning system in female zebra finches (2020)

Abstract Sex hormones alter the organization of the brain during early development and coordinate various behaviors throughout life. In zebra finches, song learning is limited to males, and the associated song learning brain pathway only matures in males and atrophies in females. This atrophy can be reversed by giving females exogenous estrogen during early post-hatch development, but whether normal male song system development requires estrogen is uncertain. For the first time in songbirds, we administered exemestane, a potent third generation estrogen synthesis inhibitor, from the day of hatching until adulthood. We examined the behavior, brain, and transcriptome of individual song nuclei of these pharmacologically manipulated animals. We found that males with long-term exemestane treatment had diminished male-specific plumage, impaired song learning, but retained normal song nuclei sizes and most, but not all, of their specialized transcriptome. Consistent with prior findings, females with long-term estrogen treatment retained a functional song system, and we further observed their song nuclei had specialized gene expression profiles similar, but not identical to males. We also observed that different song nuclei responded to estrogen manipulation differently, with Area X in the striatum being the most altered by estrogen modulation. These findings support the hypothesis that song learning is an ancestral trait in both sexes, which was subsequently suppressed in females of some species, and that estrogen has come to play a critical role in modulating this suppression as well as refinement of song learning.
Observation of Vacancy Defect Migration in the Cation Sublattice of Complex Oxides byO18Tracer Experiments (2003)

We report on 18O tracer diffusion experiments and model calculations for the study of cation vacancy migration in oxide crystals. The model takes advantage of the electrostatic coupling forces between anion and cation defects that allow the evolution of the cation vacancy profile to be observed by anion tracer experiments. Applied to SrTiO3, the ambipolar diffusion of strontium vacancies with H(A)=3.5 eV was found to be the dominant reequilibration mechanism of the cation sublattice. This result is in contrast to earlier studies proposing the formation of SrO intergrowth phases.
Clinical characteristics and drug utilisation patterns in patients with chronic cough: a retrospective cohort study using a Japanese claims database (2022)

Abstract Background : Although unmet medical needs for better care of patients with chronic cough exist in Japan, epidemiological information about these patients and their treatments is very limited. Objectives : To describe patient characteristics, underlying cough-related diseases and drug utilisation patterns in patients with chronic cough, and their changes over time. Methods : This large retrospective claims database study enrolled subjects with chronic cough, identified either by a specific diagnostic cough code for chronic cough (Population 1) or by multiple cough-related diagnostic codes spanning &gt;8 weeks (Population 2). Within Population 2, patients with each of the three most frequent diagnostic cough codes were analysed as subgroups. Patient characteristics, underlying cough-related diseases and utilisation patterns for drugs used for cough were documented at the index date, during the 6-month pre-index period and during the 12-month post-index period. Results : 6,038 subjects were enrolled in the cohort (Population 1: N=3,500; Population 2: N=2,538). The mean age was 43.7±12.2 years and 61.8% were women. The largest cough diagnosis subgroups in Population 2 were ‘other coughs’ (N=1,444), ‘cough-variant asthma’ (N=1,026) and ‘atopic/allergic cough’ (N=105). At the index date, the most frequent underlying cough-related diseases were allergic rhinitis/nasal inflammation (N=3,132; 51.9%), asthma (N=2,517; 41.7%) and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (N=829; 13.7%). At the index date, 4,860 participants (80.5%) were prescribed at least one cough-related treatment. 194 participants (4.0% of medication users) were prescribed central antitussives alone, principally in Population 1, and 2,331 (48.0%) were prescribed expectorants. Other frequently prescribed medications were antiallergic drugs (N=2,588; 53.3%), antimicrobials (N=1,627; 34.4%) and inhaled corticosteroids with long-acting beta-agonists (N=1,404; 28.9%). Over time, cough diagnoses tended to be lost, with only 470 participants in Population 1 retaining a diagnostic code for chronic cough one year later. The frequency of underlying cough-related diseases was stable over time. Conclusions : Patients in this cohort with chronic cough are most frequently identified by a diagnostic cough code for chronic cough, followed by codes for other coughs, cough-variant asthma and atopic cough. Chronic cough frequently presents with an underlying cough-related disease, most frequently allergic rhinitis/nasal inflammation, asthma or GERD. Medication prescription for the underlying cough-related diseases was generally appropriate.
Electrooptics of chiral nematics formed by molecular dimers (2014)

Electrically induced reorientation of liquid crystal (LC) director caused by dielectric anisotropy is a fundamental phenomenon widely used in modern technologies. We demonstrate an electrooptic effect in a chiral nematic LC with a distinct oblique-helicoidal director deformation. The effect, predicted theoretically in late 1960-ies, is observed in a chiral nematic (cholesteric) in which the ground field-free state of the director is a right-angle helicoid. In the electric field, the director forms an oblique helicoid with the pitch and cone angle controlled by the field. The effect is observed in a dimer nematic material in which the bend elastic constant is much smaller than its twist counterpart. The heliconical structure can be used in two different geometries of a sandwich-type cell, with the axis of the oblique helicoid being either parallel or perpendicular to the bounding plates. In the first case, the structure can be used as tunable diffraction grating controlled by the in-plane electric field. In the second case, the structure represents an optical Bragg reflector in which the wavelength of reflected light is controlled in a broad spectral range (from ultraviolet to infrared and beyond, depending on the composition) by a top-down electric field; it can find applications in reflective displays, tunable color filters and lasers.
What Goes Around, Comes Around – HSV-1 Replication in Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells (2017)

HSV-1 is a very successful human pathogen, known for its high sero-prevalence and the ability to infect a wide range of different cell types, including dendritic cells (DCs). As very potent antigen-presenting cells DCs play an important role in the induction of antiviral immune responses and therefore represent a strategic target for viral-mediated immune escape mechanisms. It is known that HSV-1 completes its gene expression profile in immature as well as in mature DCs, while lytic infection is only found in immature DCs (iDCs). Notably, HSV-1 infected mature DCs (mDCs) fail to release infectious progeny virions into the supernatant. Apart from HSV-1 dissemination via extracellular routes cell-to-cell spread counteracts a yet unknown mechanism by which the virus is trapped in mDCs and not released into the supernatant. The dissemination in a cell-cell contact-dependent manner enables HSV-1 to infect bystander cells without the exposure toward the extracellular environment. This supports the virus to successfully infect the host and establish latency. In this review the mechanism of HSV-1 replication in iDCs and mDCs and its immunological as well as virological implications, will be discussed.
Techno-Economics of LiFi in IoT Applications (2022)

This paper describes the first techno-economical study for the deployment of very dense wireless networks for new Internet of things (IoT) applications. We propose mobile optical wireless communication (OWC) also known as light fidelity (LiFi) because it offers unique advantages for the IoT such as robustness through exclusive channel access in the unlicensed optical spectrum, lower latency, and enhanced security. We investigate the deployment of LiFi in an industrial scenario, as currently specified by ITU-T recommendation G.9991, including the required fixed backbone and assuming full coverage. We propose six different LiFi topologies and compare them in different industrial scenarios. The comparison is performed in terms of Bill of Material, and in terms of costs. We show that a fully wired topology requires higher installation costs but incurs in lower operational costs, resulting in lower total costs of ownership (TCO) than other wireless topologies. Furthermore, power consumption has been identified as the cost driver for all topologies (more than 200% of the initial investments), triggering the need for power-saving techniques. Last but not least, the separation of Optical Front Ends (OFEs) has been identified as a critical design parameter, as shorter separation requires higher costs but reduces the cost per delivered bitrate. We discuss promising ways for the deployment of very dense wireless networks as key to bringing LiFi into future IoT applications.
Protocol Stacks for Manned Exploration Missions (2006)

NASA is planning manned exploration missions back to the Moon and on to Mars. Space-based applications, which are required to be energy efficient for these missions - may have to operate in environments with intermittent connectivity, long latencies, and possibly with relay nodes. This paper overviews protocol stacks from IEEE, IETF, and CCSDS appropriate for these missions
Preparation and characterization of phosphorescence organic light-emitting diodes using poly-vinylcarbazole: tris(2-phenylpyridine) iridium(III) emission layer (2009)

An emission layer with the poly-vinylcarbazole (PVK) and Ir(ppy)3[tris(2-phenylpyridine)iridium(III)] as the host and guest materials, respectively, was prepared on a PEDOT:PSS/ITO substrate. TPBI [2,2,2-(1,3,5-benzinetriyl)-tris(1-phenyl-1-H-benzimidazole)] was introduced to improve the light efficiency of the devices. Green phosphorescence polymer LEDs with the structure ITO/PEDOT:PSS/PVK:Ir(ppy)3/TPBI/LiF/Al were fabricated and their electrical and optical properties investigated at various doping concentrations (0.5 wt % to 2.5 wt %) of Ir(ppy)3. The maximum luminance and current density were about 8600 cd/m2 and 155 mA/cm2 at 7 V, respectively, when the TPBI layer was introduced between the emission layer and cathode electrode film. The emission spectrum and Commission International d'Eclairage (CIE) color coordinates were about 512 nm and (x,y=0.27 to 0.28, 0.61 to 0.63), respectively, showing a green color.
Questionable expression of unstable DQ heterodimer containing HLA‐DQA1*01:07 (2015)

Human leukocyte antigens (HLA)-DQA1*01:07 was identified as an HLA-DQ blank specificity that segregated with the serological HLA-A2, -B7, -DR14, -DR52 haplotype, which carried DQB1*05:03. The blank specificity of DQA1*01:07-DQB1*05:03 may be because of lack of reactivity of available typing sera, or disruption of proper assembly of DQ heterodimer. The cDNA sequence of DQA1*01:07 is nearly identical to DQA1*01:04 except for a variant at position 304, which results in the replacement of an arginine with a cysteine at 79α. To determine whether the DQA1*01:07 product can be expressed on cell-surface, we co-expressed DQA1*01:07 with various DQB1*05 or *06 alleles in fibroblast cells. Cell-surface expression of DQ was detectable when DQA1*01:07 was co-expressed with DQB1*06:04 but undetectable with other DQB1*05 and DQB1*06 alleles, including DQB1*05:03, to which DQA1*01:07 was encoded in cis. These data suggest that DQA1*01:07 may act as a phenotypically null allele in the DQA1*01:07-DQB1*05:03 haplotype, while it can be expressed at a low level in the presences of certain DQB1*06 alleles, such as DQB1*06:04, in trans. Based on the null or low expression of DQA1*01:07 as shown in the previous and present studies, DQA1*01:07 has recently been renamed to DQA1*01:07Q, indicating its questionable expression.