gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MRI Compatible Ultrasound Transducers for Simultaneous Acquisition of Coregistered Ultrasound to MRI Data (2015)

Magnetic resonance imaging has become an important part of radiological diagnostics as it shows high resolution volumes of human tissue without any radiation exposure. Beside the high costs for MR imaging the greatest disadvantage of this technology is that it is not real-time capable which leads to possible motion artifacts. Whereas Ultrasound is the most common diagnostic tool in radiology as it is real-time capable and cost effective. Therefore a combination of both modalities is obvious, not only to reduce motion artifacts in MR imaging but to save costs by reducing time in the MR scanner through coregistering ultrasound and MR images for deformation analysis. This work presents the manufacturing and measurement results of MR compatible ultrasound transducers for motion compensation and deformation analyses for clinical interventions under MRI conditions, based on ultrasound volumes acquired by a full MR compatible 180° rotating 8 MHz phased array.
Differential profiling (1999)

Performance can be a critical aspect of software quality; in some systems, poor performance can cause financial loss, physical damage, or even death. In such cases, it is imperative to identify system performance problems before deployment, preferably well before implementation. Unfortunately, the size of most software systems grossly exceeds the capacity of current performance-modelling techniques. Hence, there is a need for techniques to quickly identify the portions of the system that are performance-critical. These portions are often small enough to be modelled directly. This paper describes one such technique, differential profiling. Differential profiling combines two or more conventional profiles of a given program run in different situations or conditions. The technique mathematically combines corresponding buckets of the conventional profiles, then sorts the resulting list by these combined values. Different combining functions are suitable for different situations. This combining of conventional profiles frequently yields much greater insight than could be obtained from either of the conventional profiles. Hence, differential profiling helps to locate difficult-to-find performance bottlenecks, such as those that are distributed widely throughout a large program or system, perhaps by being concealed within macros or inlined functions. This paper also describes how this technique may be used to pinpoint certain types of performance bottlenecks in large programs running on large-scale shared-memory multiprocessors. In this environment, the critical bottleneck might consume only a small fraction of the total CPU time, since typical critical sections can consume at most one CPUs worth of computation. This sort of bottleneck, particularly when widely distributed throughout the program under consideration, is often invisible to traditional profiling techniques. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Organic Acid-Catalyzed Polyurethane Formation via a Dual-Activated Mechanism: Unexpected Preference of N-Activation over O-Activation of Isocyanates (2013)

A systematic study of acid organocatalysts for the polyaddition of poly(ethylene glycol) to hexamethylene diisocyanate in solution has been performed. Among organic acids evaluated, sulfonic acids were found the most effective for urethane formations even when compared with conventional tin-based catalysts (dibutyltin dilaurate) or 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene. In comparison, phosphonic and carboxylic acids showed considerably lower catalytic activities. Furthermore, sulfonic acids gave polyurethanes with higher molecular weights than was observed using traditional catalyst systems. Molecular modeling was conducted to provide mechanistic insight and supported a dual activation mechanism, whereby ternary adducts form in the presence of acid and engender both electrophilic isocyanate activation and nucleophilic alcohol activation through hydrogen bonding. Such a mechanism suggests catalytic activity is a function of not only acid strength but also inherent conjugate base electron density.
Neurotrophic Factor Receptors and Their Signal Transduction Capabilities in Rat Astrocytes (1994)

Until recently, astrocytes were not considered as sites for neurotrophic factor action. We show here that, both in vivo and in vitro, astrocytes express receptors for two separate families of neurotrophic factors. In the intact adult rat CNS, astrocytes express the extracellular domain of the neurotrophin receptor TrkB and, in a more restricted population, the low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor p75LNGFR. In the lesioned CNS, expression of the alpha component of the receptor for ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTFR alpha) switches from a purely neuronal localization to cells in the glial scar at the edge of the wound. Using cultured hippocampal astrocytes as a model to address the functional status of these receptors, we have found only the truncated forms of TrkB and TrkC, which are incapable of signal transduction as measured by protein tyrosine phosphorylation or immediate early gene induction. In contrast, a fully functional CNTF receptor complex capable of signal transduction is present on cultured astrocytes. Thus, the neurotrophin receptors may act primarily to sequester or present the neurotrophins, whereas in the case of CNTF a functional response can be initiated within the astrocyte.
An accurate and efficient analysis method for multi-Gb/s chip-to-chip signaling schemes (2003)

This paper introduces an accurate method of modeling the performance of high-speed chip-to-chip signaling systems. Implemented in a simulation tool, it precisely accounts for intersymbol interference, cross-talk and echos as well as circuit related effects such as thermal noise, power supply noise and receiver jitter. We correlated the simulation tool to actual measurements of a high-speed signaling system and then used this tool to make tradeoffs between different methods of chip-to-chip signaling with and without equalization.
Musings on the theory that variation in cancer risk among tissues can be explained by the number of divisions of normal stem cells (2015)

This manuscript has been written to address questions related to our recent publication (Science 347:78-81, 2015). We appreciate the many reactions to this paper that have been communicated to us, either privately or publicly. The following addresses several of the most important statistical and technical issues related to our analysis and conclusions. Our responses to non-technical questions are available at http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/news/media/releases/bad_luck_of_random_mutations_plays_predominant_role_in_cancer_study_shows
Investigation of the chromosomal location of the bacterial blight resistance gene present in an Australian cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivar (2002)

An early success of the CSIRO cotton breeding program was the incorporation of resistance to the bacterial blight pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. malvacearum ( Xcm ) into commercial cultivars. Pedigree records suggest that the source of this resistance was a set of related, so-called immune lines carrying the B2B3B7 and BSm genes. However, resistance to Xcm race 18 segregates as a single dominant locus in at least one Australian cultivar (CS50), so its true identity is unclear. Our study uses mapped restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers to investigate the chromosomal location of Xcm resistance in an Australian cultivar of Gossypium hirsutum (CS50) in an inter-specific cross with a blight-susceptible Gossypium barbadense (Pima S-7). The mapping data suggest that the resistance locus is not on chromosome 20 near either the B2 or B3 genes, but co-segregates with a marker on chromosome 14 known to be linked to the broad-spectrum B12 resistance gene originally from African cotton cultivars. Amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) and simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were also used to search for novel markers linked to the Xcm resistance locus to facilitate introgression of this trait into G. barbadense through a program of marker-assisted selection. The overall level of polymorphism between the 2 Gossypium species used in our mapping cross was low, but one additional AFLP marker loosely linked to Xcm race 18 resistance in CS50 was found. The paucity of polymorphic loci may reflect a high degree of gene exchange between these 2 species during the breeding of the modern-day commercial Upland and Pima cultivars.
Polarization maintaining dispersion compensating fiber (2014)

For the first time fabrication results are presented for a polarization maintaining dispersion compensating fiber. Measurement of phase and group birefringence is discussed. Finally, results on splicing and a dispersion managed link are presented.
New Pim-1 Kinase Inhibitor From the Co-culture of Two Sponge-Associated Actinomycetes (2018)

<i>Saccharomonospora</i> sp. UR22 and <i>Dietzia</i> sp. UR66, two actinomycetes derived from the Red Sea sponge <i>Callyspongia siphonella</i>, were co-cultured and the induced metabolites were monitored by HPLC-DAD and TLC. Saccharomonosporine A (<b>1</b>), a novel brominated oxo-indole alkaloid, convolutamydine F (<b>2</b>) along with other three known induced metabolites (<b>3-5</b>) were isolated from the EtOAc extract of <i>Saccharomonospora</i> sp. UR22 and <i>Dietzia</i> sp. UR66 co-culture. Additionally, axenic culture of <i>Saccharomonospora</i> sp. UR22 led to isolation of six known microbial metabolites (<b>6-11</b>). A kinase inhibition assay results showed that compounds <b>1</b> and <b>3</b> were potent Pim-1 kinase inhibitors with an IC<sub>50</sub> value of 0.3 ± 0.02 and 0.95 ± 0.01 μM, respectively. Docking studies revealed the binding mode of compounds <b>1</b> and <b>3</b> in the ATP pocket of Pim-1 kinase. Testing of compounds <b>1</b> and <b>3</b> displayed significant antiproliferative activity against the human colon adenocarcinoma HT-29, (IC<sub>50</sub> 3.6 and 3.7 μM, respectively) and the human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60, (IC<sub>50</sub> 2.8 and 4.2 μM, respectively). These results suggested that compounds <b>1</b> and <b>3</b> act as potential Pim-1 kinase inhibitors that mediate the tumor cell growth inhibitory effect. This study highlighted the co-cultivation approach as an effective strategy to increase the chemical diversity of the secondary metabolites hidden in the genomes of the marine actinomycetes.
Modulation of Neuronal Voltage-gated Calcium Channels by Farnesol (1999)

The modulation of presynaptic voltage-dependent calcium channels by classical second messenger molecules such as protein kinase C and G protein betagamma subunits is well established and considered a key factor for the regulation of neurotransmitter release. However, little is known of other endogenous mechanisms that control the activity of these channels. Here, we demonstrate a unique modulation of N-type calcium channels by farnesol, a dephosphorylated intermediate of the mammalian mevalonate pathway. At micromolar concentrations, farnesol acts as a relatively non-discriminatory rapid open channel blocker of all types of high voltage-activated calcium channels, with a mild specificity for L-type channels. However, at 250 nM, farnesol induces an N-type channel-specific hyperpolarizing shift in channel availability that results in approximately 50% inhibition at a typical neuronal resting potential. Additional experiments demonstrated the presence of farnesol in the brain (rodents and humans) at physiologically relevant concentrations (100-800 pmol/g (wet weight)). Altogether, our results indicate that farnesol is a selective, high affinity inhibitor of N-type Ca(2+) channels and raise the possibility that endogenous farnesol and the mevalonate pathway are implicated in neurotransmitter release through regulation of presynaptic voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels.
Operation shuffling over cycle boundaries for low energy L0 clustering (2008)

To achieve energy reduction for instruction memory access in VLIW ASIPs, operation shuffling technique has been proposed. The shuffling technique changes assignment of an operation to different slot so that L0 cluster configuration can be improved. The published technique, however, moves operations within a cycle, not between cycles. As a result, the potential gain of energy reduction was limited. This paper proposes a shuffling technique that also moves operations between cycles as well as within a cycle. The experimental results show that the proposed method achieves more efficient energy than the best known shuffling method by up to 15.3% in the best case.
Dynamic simulation of an electrorheological fluid (1992)

A molecular-dynamics-like method is presented for the simulation of a suspension of dielectric particles in a nonconductive solvent forming an electrorheological fluid. The method accurately accounts for both hydrodynamic and electrostatic interparticle interactions from dilute volume fractions to closest packing for simultaneous shear and electric fields. The hydrodynamic interactions and rheology are determined with the Stokesian dynamics methodology, while the electrostatic interactions, in particular, the conservative electrostatic interparticle forces, are determined from the electrostatic energy of the suspension. The energy of the suspension is computed from the induced particle dipoles by a method previously developed [R. T. Bonnecaze and J. F. Brady, Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A 430, 285 (1990)]. Using the simulation, the dynamics can be directly correlated to the observed macroscopic rheology of the suspension for a range of the so-called Mason number, Ma, the ratio of viscous to electrostatic forces. The simulation is specifically applied to a monolayer of spherical particles of areal fraction 0.4 with a particle-to-fluid dielectric constant ratio of 4 for Ma=10−4 to ∞. The effective viscosity of the suspension increases as Ma−1 or with the square of the electric field for small Ma and has a plateau value at large Ma, as is observed experimentally. This rheological behavior can be interpreted as Bingham plastic-like with a dynamic yield stress. The first normal stress difference is negative, and its magnitude increases as Ma−1 at small Ma with a large Ma plateau value of zero. In addition to the time averages of the rheology, the time traces of the viscosities are presented along with selected ‘‘snapshots’’ of the suspension microstructure. In particular, at small Ma, the suspension dynamics exhibit two distinct motions: a slow elastic-body-like deformation where electrostatic energy is stored, followed by a rapid microstructural rearrangement where energy is viscously dissipated. It is suggested that the observed dynamic yield stress is associated with these dynamics.
Cell-Mediated Immunity to Target the Persistent Human Immunodeficiency Virus Reservoir (2017)

Effective clearance of virally infected cells requires the sequential activity of innate and adaptive immunity effectors. In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, naturally induced cell-mediated immune responses rarely eradicate infection. However, optimized immune responses could potentially be leveraged in HIV cure efforts if epitope escape and lack of sustained effector memory responses were to be addressed. Here we review leading HIV cure strategies that harness cell-mediated control against HIV in stably suppressed antiretroviral-treated subjects. We focus on strategies that may maximize target recognition and eradication by the sequential activation of a reconstituted immune system, together with delivery of optimal T-cell responses that can eliminate the reservoir and serve as means to maintain control of HIV spread in the absence of antiretroviral therapy (ART). As evidenced by the evolution of ART, we argue that a combination of immune-based strategies will be a superior path to cell-mediated HIV control and eradication. Available data from several human pilot trials already identify target strategies that may maximize antiviral pressure by joining innate and engineered T cell responses toward testing for sustained HIV remission and/or cure.
Food matrix and isoflavones bioavailability in early post menopausal women: An European clinical study (2008)

The estrogenic effects of soy isoflavones (IF) on symptoms of menopause are of particular interest. The aim of the present study was to improve compliance of IF in two IF-enriched foods providing the same IF circulating levels in postmenopausal women. Forty-two healthy postmenopausal women (mean age: 53.28 years) were recruited for a randomized, crossover, multicenter trial conducted in the Netherlands, Italy and France. Over 18 days, volunteers were assigned to two groups and supplemented with two different IF-enriched foods (100 mg IF aglycones/two servings). The first group had to eat two biscuits daily for three days. After a wash-out period (11 d), they received cereal bars for three days. The second group started with the cereal bars and finished with biscuits. After IF intake, plasma and urinary levels of genistein, daidzein, O desmethyl angolensin and equol significantly increased and returned to baseline level after the washout period. There was no difference between biscuits and cereals bars intake, as shown by group values at each end of experimental period (day 4 or day 18). Both matrixes are comparable in terms of IF-circulating levels and could be used independently.
0616 Reduction of Pump Pulsation Noise by Using Robust Design Method (2012)

In the past decade,high-pressure direct injection systems in petrol engines have widely penetrated in the market supported by the raising environmental consciousness.The essential component of a gasoline direct injection system is the high-pressure fuel pump,which pressurizes the petrol as high as 20MPa High-pressure fuel pump commonly used is smgle-cylinder type driven mechanically by the cam-shaft.This typically generates inherent undesirable high pressure pulsation noise which renders the sound of the traditionally petrol engine similar to that of a common-rail diesel engine.In this paper,we will describe the method we deployed to mitigate the high pressure pulsation noise.We applied Taguchi methodology to search for the sensitive design parameters.As a result,by modifying design parameters of the outlet valve,we confirmed 48% reduction of pulsation noise.
Closed Suction Irrigation for the Treatment of Postoperative Wound Infections Following Posterior Spinal Fusion and Instrumentation (2010)

No correlation was found between RF values and greater risk of recurrent infection. Removal of implants is unnecessary in acute infections, provided the infection does not return. CSIS is an effective method for treatment of postoperative wound infections following instrumented spinal fusion avoiding the need for secondary closure.
Biosynthesis of copolyesters in Alcaligenes eutrophus H16 from carbon-13 labeled acetate and propionate (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBiosynthesis of copolyesters in Alcaligenes eutrophus H16 from carbon-13 labeled acetate and propionateYoshiharu Doi, Masao Kunioka, Yoshiyuki Nakamura, and Kazuo SogaCite this: Macromolecules 1987, 20, 12, 2988–2991Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00178a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00178a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views300Altmetric-Citations135LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Appearance of Type 1, 2, and 3 Light-Harvesting Complex II and Light-Harvesting Complex I Proteins during Light-Induced Greening of Barley (Hordeum vulgare) Etioplasts (1994)

Monospecific antibodies directed against typical domains of type 1, 2, and 3 light-harvesting complex (LHC) II apoproteins have been used (a) to identify these apoproteins on denaturing sodium dodecyl sulfate gels of barley (Hordeum vulgare) thylakoids, (b) to determine their distribution between grana and stroma membranes, and (c) to follow their accumulation during light-induced greening of etioplasts. In addition, we have studied the light-induced assembly of chlorophyll-protein complexes with a native green gel system (K.D. Allen, L.A. Staehelin [1991] Anal Biochem 194: 214-222). Western blot analysis of the three major LHCII apoprotein bands has identified the highest molecular mass band at 27.5 kD as containing the type 2 LHCII apoproteins, the middle band at 26.9 kD as containing the type 1 LHCII apoproteins, and the lowest band at 26.0 kD as containing the type 3 LHCII apoproteins. During light-induced greening of 6-d-old etiolated barley seedlings, the type 1, 2, and 3 LHCII apoproteins accumulate simultaneously and at similar rates but appear somewhat sooner (< 4 h) in thylakoids from apical than from basal (4-8 h) leaf segments. LHCI polypeptides accrue with similar kinetics, whereas the 33-kD oxygen-evolving complex polypeptides can be detected already in the 0-h light samples. During the most rapid phase of thylakoid development (8-24 h), two slightly larger (28.3 and 28.7 kD) type 2 LHCII apoproteins (precursor intermediates?) also accumulate in the thylakoids. No corresponding higher molecular mass forms of type 1 and 3 LHCII apoproteins could be detected. It is interesting that differences are still apparent in the composition of chlorophyll-protein complexes of light-control plants and those of etiolated plants greened for 8 d.
Concerted Hydrogen Rearrangement in Nickelocenium Cation and the Formation of NiH2.bul.+ (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEArticleNEXTConcerted Hydrogen Rearrangement in Nickelocenium Cation and the Formation of NiH2.bul.+Thalappil Pradeep, Jeffrey S. Patrick, Bingbing Feng, Scott A. Miller, Teodor Ast, and R. Graham CooksCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1995, 99, 10, 2941–2945Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100010a001https://doi.org/10.1021/j100010a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views131Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts