gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experiments on coherent adaptive antenna array diversity for wideband CDMA mobile radio (2003)

In wideband DS-CDMA (W-CDMA) in which mobile multimedia services up to 2 Mbps will be provided, adaptive antenna array diversity can be applied to reduce multiple access interference (MAI), especially in cases of severe interference from high rate users. A pilot symbol-assisted coherent adaptive antenna array diversity (PSA-CAAAD) receiver is implemented for W-CDMA mobile radio and its performance in a multipath fading environment is evaluated both in laboratory and field experiments. The PSA-CAAAD receiver comprises an adaptive antenna array based on a minimum mean square error (MMSE) criterion and RAKE combiner. It is demonstrated from the experimental results that the nulls could be precisely directed toward the interfering signals under a real multipath propagation environment. Compared to antenna diversity with the same number of antennas, the PSA-CAAAD receiver can significantly reduce the interference from high bit-rate users. For a two-user case (one interfering-user with high transmit power), the required signal-to-interference plus background noise ratio (SIR) for obtaining the average BER of 10/sup -3/ is found to be reduced by about 4.5 dB with a 4-element PSA-CAAAD receiver compared to 4-branch antenna diversity in a real multipath propagation environment.
Metamaterial assisted microwave tubes: a review (2021)

The paper has reviewed the worldwide attempts to improve the performance of microwave tube (MWT) interaction structures and MWTs employing them, accruing the exotic properties of metamaterials (MTMs). The review has encompassed the investigations based on theoretical study, using electromagnetic analysis and/or simulation, as well as experimental study. The success of and challenges to face in developing MTM assisted MWTs have also been highlighted.
On the testing of MEMS resonators (2009)

This paper discusses the issues related to testing MEMS resonators, and suggests ways to mitigate the associated difficulties. Vacuum test conditions and their effect on the quality factor of a resonator are discussed. A custom-built vacuum system is described to simplify testing, and to avoid packaging at early stages of device characterization. Issues regarding the biasing and power handling of MEMS resonators are investigated, with specific attention given to electrostatic spring softening, and its effect on the response of the resonator. The use of MEMS resonators within an electronic oscillator is also discussed with respect to resonator non-linearity and phase noise performance.
Ultrahigh resolution optical coherence tomography for quantitative topographic mapping of retinal and intraretinal architectural morphology (2002)

Quantitative, three-dimensional mapping of retinal architectural morphology was achieved using an ultrahigh resolution ophthalmic OCT system. This OCT system utilizes a broad bandwidth titanium-sapphire laser light source generating bandwidths of up to 300 nm near 800 nm center wavelength. The system enables real-time cross-sectional imaging of the retina with ~3 micrometers axial resolution. The macula and the papillomacular axis of a normal human subject were systematically mapped using a series of linear scans. Edge detection and segmentation algorithms were developed to quantify retinal and intraretinal thicknesses. Topographic mapping of the total retinal thickness and the total ganglion cell/inner plexiform layer thickness was achieved around the macula. A topographic mapping quantifying the progressive thickening of the nerve fiber layer (NFL) nasally approaching the optic disk was also demonstrated. The ability to create three-dimensional topographic mapping of retinal architectural morphology at ~3 micrometers axial resolution will be relevant for the diagnosis of many retinal diseases. The topographic quantification of these structures can serve as a powerful tool for developing algorithms and clinical scanning protocols for the screening and staging of ophthalmic diseases such as glaucoma.
Locally produced xenin and the neurotensinergic system in pancreatic islet function and β-cell survival (2017)

Modulation of neuropeptide receptors is important for pancreatic β-cell function. Here, islet distribution and effects of the neurotensin (NT) receptor modulators, xenin and NT, was examined. Xenin, but not NT, significantly improved glucose disposal and insulin secretion, in mice. However, both peptides stimulated insulin secretion from rodent β-cells at 5.6 mm glucose, with xenin having similar insulinotropic actions at 16.7 mm glucose. In contrast, NT inhibited glucose-induced insulin secretion. Similar observations were made in human 1.1B4 β-cells and isolated mouse islets. Interestingly, similar xenin levels were recorded in pancreatic and small intestinal tissue. Arginine and glucose stimulated xenin release from islets. Streptozotocin treatment decreased and hydrocortisone treatment increased β-cell mass in mice. Xenin co-localisation with glucagon was increased by streptozotocin, but unaltered in hydrocortisone mice. This corresponded to elevated plasma xenin levels in streptozotocin mice. In addition, co-localisation of xenin with insulin was increased by hydrocortisone, and decreased by streptozotocin. Further in vitro investigations revealed that xenin and NT protected β-cells against streptozotocin-induced cytotoxicity. Xenin augmented rodent and human β-cell proliferation, whereas NT displayed proliferative actions only in human β-cells. These data highlight the involvement of NT signalling pathways for the possible modulation of β-cell function.
A specific 2,4‐disubstituted‐adamantane interaction with plasma‐grown aluminium oxide. An inelastic‐electron‐tunnelling spectroscopy study (1987)

Abstract The interaction of several mono‐ and disubstituted adamantanes with plasma‐grown aluminium oxide has been studied using inelastic‐electron‐tunnelling (IET) spectroscopy. The IET spectra evidence the chemisorption of 2,4‐adamantanedione ( 1 ) onto the aluminium oxide surface as the carboxylate anion of bicyclic acid ketone 2 , which is formed by ring opening of the β‐diketone. In the case of 4‐hydroxy‐2‐adamantanone ( 3 ), no ring opening to the corresponding bicyclic acid ( 4 ) is observed. 3 is chemisorbed as aluminium alkoxide through condensation. Stabilization by additional hydrogen bonding between the aluminium oxide and the keto group seems to be required since 1‐adamantanol, 2‐adamantanol and 2‐adamantanone do not adsorb onto the aluminium oxide. Even 5‐hydroxy‐2‐adamantanone is not bonded to the surface, indicating the necessity of a specific 2,4‐disubstituted adamantane bidentate interaction with aluminium oxide.
Systematic gene mapping in man: data management considerations. (1988)

The application of recombinant DNA technology to linkage analysis is revolutionizing the gene mapping field through the availability of an increasing number of restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP). The successful mapping of the human genome will lead to a new era of research in human genetics with implications for carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis in any number of disorders. In addition, the development of RFLP tightly linked to a disease is critical for the potential identification of the genetic defect. A systematic approach to human gene mapping whereby it is possible to simultaneously screen several disorders for linkage is discussed. Guidelines for the database management, field studies, DNA and lymphoblast cell transformation, family history and laboratory data are included. This methodology represents the integration and application of statistical and molecular genetic, clinical and tissue culture expertise to human gene mapping.
Real-Time Continuous Detection and Recognition of Subject-Specific Smart TV Gestures via Fusion of Depth and Inertial Sensing (2018)

This paper presents a real-time detection and recognition approach to identify actions of interest involved in the smart TV application from continuous action streams via simultaneous utilization of a depth camera and a wearable inertial sensor. Continuous action streams mean when actions of interest are performed continuously and randomly among arbitrary actions of non-interest. The developed approach consists of a detection part and a recognition part. In the detection part, two support vector data descriptor classifiers corresponding to the two sensing modalities are used to separate actions of interest from actions of non-interest in continuous action streams. The actions detected as actions of interest by both of the sensing modalities are then passed to the recognition part. In this part, actions of interest are classified by fusing the decisions from two collaborative representation classifiers, one classifier using skeleton joint positions and the other classifier using inertial signals. The developed approach is applied to the hand gestures in the smart TV application. The experimental results obtained indicate the effectiveness of the developed approach to detect and recognize smart TV gestures in continuous action streams.
Analysis of BGP prefix origins during Google's May 2005 outage (2006)

Google went down for 15 to 60 minutes around 22:10, May 07, 2005 UTC. This was explained by Google as having been caused by internal DNS misconfigurations. Another vulnerable protocol which could have caused such service outage is BGP. To pursue the latter possibility further, we explore how BGP was functioning during that period of time using the RouteViews BGP data set. Interestingly, our investigation reveals that one autonomous system (i.e., AS 174 operated by Cogent), which is apparently independent from Google, mysteriously originated routes for one of the IP prefixes assigned to Google (134.233.161.0/24) immediately prior to the service outage. As a result, 49.1% of ASes re-advertising routes for 64.233.161.0/24 switched to the incorrect path. Those poisoned ASes directly serve 1500 IP prefixes, and span a broad range of geographic locations. Since this erroneous prefix origination apparently has not occurred previously, or after this specific instance, we consider that it might have been the result of malicious activity (e.g., compromise of one or more BGP speakers) and contributed at least partially to Google's service outage.
Impairment of myocardial contractility by anticancer anthracyclines: role of secondary alcohol metabolites and evidence of reduced toxicity by a novel disaccharide analogue (2001)

1. The anticancer anthracycline doxorubicin (DOX) causes cardiotoxicity. Enzymatic reduction of a side chain carbonyl group converts DOX to a secondary alcohol metabolite that has been implicated in cardiotoxicity. We therefore monitored negative inotropism, assessed as inhibition of post-rest contractions, in rat right ventricle strips exposed to DOX or to analogues forming fewer amounts of their alcohol metabolites (epirubicin, EPI, and the novel disaccharide anthracycline MEN 10755). 2. Thirty microM EPI exhibited higher uptake than equimolar DOX, but formed comparable amounts of alcohol metabolite due to its resistance to carbonyl reduction. MEN 10755 exhibited also an impaired uptake, and consequently formed the lowest levels of alcohol metabolite. Accordingly, DOX and EPI inhibited post-rest contractions by approximately 40-50%, whereas MEN 10755 inhibited by approximately 6%. 3. One hundred microM EPI exhibited the same uptake as equimolar DOX, but formed approximately 50% less alcohol metabolite. One hundred microM MEN 10755 still exhibited the lowest uptake, forming approximately 60% less alcohol metabolite than EPI. Under these conditions DOX inhibited post-rest contractions by 88%. EPI and MEN 10755 were approximately 18% (P<0.05) or approximately 80% (P<0.001) less inhibitory than DOX, respectively. 4. The negative inotropism of 30-100 microM DOX, EPI, or MEN 10755 correlated with cellular levels of both alcohol metabolites (r=0.88, P<0.0001) and carbonyl anthracyclines (r=0.79, P<0.0001). Nonetheless, multiple comparisons showed that alcohol metabolites were approximately 20-40 times more effective than carbonyl anthracyclines in inhibiting contractility. The negative inotropism of MEN 10755 was therefore increased by chemical procedures, like side chain valeryl esterification, that facilitated its uptake and conversion to alcohol metabolite but not its retention in a carbonyl form. 5. These results demonstrate that secondary alcohol metabolites are important mediators of cardiotoxicity. A combination of reduced uptake and limited conversion to alcohol metabolite formation might therefore render MEN 10755 more cardiac tolerable than DOX and EPI.
High oxidation state coordination chemistry with triamidoamine tungsten and molybdenum complexes (1997)

Abstract
Laser velocimetry for turbofan inlet distortion applications (2019)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to assess state-of-the-art techniques for quantifying flow distortion in the inlets of turbofan engines, particularly with respect to the prospects for future flight applications. Design/methodology/approach To adequately characterize the flow fields of complex aircraft inlet distortions, the author has incorporated laser velocimetry techniques, namely, stereoscopic particle image velocimetry (PIV) and Doppler velocimetry based on filtered Rayleigh scattering (FRS), into inlet distortion studies. Findings Overall, the results and experience indicate that the pathway for integration of FRS technologies into flight systems is clearer and more robust than that of PIV. Practical implications While always a concern, the topic of inlet distortion has grown in importance as contemporary airframe designers seek extremely compact and highly integrated inlets. This research offers a means for gaining new understanding of the in situ aerodynamic phenomena involved with complex inlet distortion. Originality/value This paper presents unique applications of turbofan inlet velocimetry methods while providing an original assessment of technological challenges involved with progressing advanced velocimetry techniques for flight measurements.
Optimization of Sputtering Condition of IrOx Thin Film Stimulation Electrode for Retinal Prosthesis Application (2012)

We have optimized the sputtering condition of the RF sputtering deposition for the fabrication of the iridium oxide thin film used in retinal prosthesis applications. The deposited IrOx thin films were characterized by using the cyclic voltammetry method and the charge delivery capacity was calculated from the integral of the generic CV curve. From the experimental results, the charge delivery capacity of IrOx under the best sputtering condition was improved to more than 50 times that of Pt. We also verified from our in vivo experiment results that IrOx has a better charge delivery capacity than that of Pt. The in vitro and in vivo experimental results also show that IrOx is a promising candidate for retinal prosthesis applications.
ChemInform Abstract: In situ Protection Methodology in Carbonyl Chemistry (2014)

Abstract Review: 36 refs.
FM-MRR analog audio system (2005)

In this work, we describe a hybrid free-space infrared communications link that supports audio transmission. The technique combines conventional frequency modulation (FM) techniques with optical amplitude modulation (AM) with a Multiple Quantum Well (MQW) Modulating Retroreflector (MRR) technology. The method has produced a robust, low power system capable of transmitting high quality audio information over a free space infrared link extending to multiple kilometers, depending on the characteristics of the Transmit/Receiver (interrogator) and the sensor/ MRR unit at the data source.
Fracture Criterion of a Mixed-Mode Crack. 1st Report: A Study Based on Fracture of an Inclined Crack under Tensile Loading. (1991)

This paper purports to study the fracture criterion of a mixed-mode crack and to demonstrate that the criterion based on the CED (crack energy density) is available from completely elastic fracture to elastic-plastic fracture in a unified way. The CED in an arbitrary direction, εψ, is defined as the quantity which has the meaning of strain energy area density in the plane containing a crack front line without any restrictions on the constitutive equation. We may expect that a mixed-mode Crack begins to grow in the direction ψ where εIψ (the mode I contribution of εψ) takes the maximum value, εI<ψmax> when εI<ψmax> reaches a critical value peculiar to a material (we call this criterion the εI<ψmax> criterion). First, the applicability of this εI<ψmax> Criterion to elastic fracture is shown through the Comparison between the results of the εI<ψmax> criterion and the results of other criteria and experiments. Subsequently, fracture experiments of specimens of aluminum alloy with a crack inclined to the loading axis are carried out, and it is demonstrated that not only fractures with a relatively small yielding region but also fractures with a large yielding region can be explained by this εI<ψmax> criterion.
Design and Production of Innovative Turbomachinery Components via Topology Optimization and Additive Manufacturing (2019)

The present paper proposes a methodology to design and manufacture optimized turbomachinery components by leveraging the potential of Topology Optimization (TO) and Additive Manufacturing (AM). The method envisages the use of TO to define the best configuration of the rotoric components in terms of both static and dynamic behavior with a resultant reduction of overall weight. Eventually, the topology-optimized component is manufactured by using appropriate materials that can guarantee valid mechanical performances. The proposed strategy has been applied to a 2D impeller used for centrifugal compressors to prove the effectiveness of a TO+AM-based approach. Although this approach has never been extensively used before to centrifugal compressors and expanders, its application on rotor and stator components might unlock several benefits: tuning the natural frequencies, a reduction in the stress level, and a lighter weight of the rotating part. These objectives can be reached alone or in combination, performing a single analysis or a multiple analyses optimization. Finally, the introduction of AM technologies as standard manufacturing resources could bring sensible benefits with respect to the time to production and availability of components. Such aspects are essential in the Oil and Gas context, when dealing with new projects but also for service operations.
Efficient Subtree Pruning Scheme in Tree-Structured Hierarchy (2007)

For efficient image retrieval, most existing methods that adopt a tree-structured hierarchy exploit a subtree pruning scheme, based on the triangle inequality of a distance metric, during the tree traversal. In this paper, we propose a refined pruning scheme for the tree-structured hierarchy by introducing a novel notion of the node distance to subcluster (NDS) and validate it in both theoretical and experimental aspects. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the existing ones by 10%-25% in terms of retrieval efficiency at the negligible increase of storage for a retrieval system
Electromagnetic theory at Sandia National Laboratories (2017)

The purpose of this paper is to provide a broad overview of the types of electromagnetic research, development, and applications that occur within the Electrical Sciences group at Sandia National Laboratories. By presenting a few examples of ongoing projects, the goal is to feature a selection of the opportunities, as well as the technical challenges, for applied electromagnetics in a national laboratory setting.
PPARα is necessary for the lipopenic action of hyperleptinemia on white adipose and liver tissue (2002)

Adenovirus-induced hyperleptinemia causes rapid disappearance of body fat in normal rats, presumably by up-regulating fatty acid oxidation within white adipocytes. To determine the role of peroxisomal proliferation-activated receptor (PPAR)alpha expression, which was increased during the rapid loss of fat, we infused adenovirus-leptin into PPAR alpha(-/-) and PPAR alpha(+/+) mice. Despite similar degrees of hyperleptinemia and reduction in food intake, epididymal fat pad weight declined 55% in wild-type but only 6% in PPAR alpha(-/-) mice; liver triacylglycerol fell 39% in the wild-type group but was unchanged in PPAR(-/-) mice. Carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1 mRNA rose 52% in the wild-type mice but did not increase in PPAR alpha(-/-) mice. PPAR gamma coactivator-1 alpha rose 3-fold in the fat and 46% in the liver of wild-type mice but was unchanged in PPAR alpha(-/-) mice. Although AMP-activated protein kinase could not be implicated in the lipopenic actions of hyperleptinemia, acetyl CoA carboxylase protein was reduced in the liver of wild-type but not in PPAR alpha(-/-) mice. Thus, in PPAR alpha(-/-) mice, up-regulation of carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1 mRNA in fat, down-regulation of acetyl CoA carboxylase in liver, and up-regulation of PPAR gamma coactivator-1 alpha mRNA in both tissues are abolished, as is the reduction in their triacylglycerol content.
Changes in the stem-loop at the 3′ terminus of histone mRNA affects its nucleocytoplasmic transport and cytoplasmic regulation (1994)

The stem-loop structure at the 3' end of replication-dependent histone mRNA is required for efficient pre-mRNA processing, localization of histone mRNA to the polyribosomes, and regulation of histone mRNA degradation. A protein, the stem-loop binding protein (SLBP), binds the 3' end of histone mRNA and is thought to mediate some or all of these processes. A mutant histone mRNA with two nucleotide changes in the loop was constructed and found to be transported inefficiently to the cytoplasm. The mutant histone mRNA, unlike the wild-type histone mRNA, was not rapidly degraded when DNA synthesis is inhibited, and was not stabilized upon inhibition of protein synthesis. The stem-loop binding protein (SLBP) has between a 20-50 fold greater affinity for the wild type histone stem-loop structure than for the mutant stem-loop structure, suggesting that the alteration in the efficiency of transport and the normal degradation pathway in histone mRNA may be due to the reduced affinity of the mutant stem-loop for the SLBP.
On minimal coverings and pairwise generation of some primitive groups of wreath product type (2023)

The covering number of a finite group [Formula: see text], denoted [Formula: see text], is the smallest positive integer [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] is a union of [Formula: see text] proper subgroups. We calculate [Formula: see text] for a family of primitive groups [Formula: see text] with a unique minimal normal subgroup [Formula: see text], isomorphic to [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] divisible by [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] cyclic. This is a generalization of a result of Swartz concerning the symmetric groups. We also prove an asymptotic result concerning pairwise generation.
Design and Evaluation of a Passive Ankle Prosthesis With Powered Push-Off (2015)

Below-knee amputation is one of the most frequently performed types of amputation in the United States. This paper describes CamWalk, a novel passive ankle prosthesis that has mechanical behavior similar to that of a natural ankle. CamWalk generates rotational push-off to propel the walker forward using a compliant coupling between two degrees-of-freedom (DOFs) (deflection along the leg and rotation about the ankle). The design closely matches the ankle torque and ankle work characteristics of an average healthy ankle. Simulation results indicate that CamWalk generates 44.5% of the net rotational work performed by a natural healthy ankle when leg deflection is limited to 15 mm. Standard gait analysis of four amputees using CamWalk demonstrated that the device performance ranged from marginally dissipative to significantly active, generating 48.0% of the work performed by their natural ankle.