gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dexamethasone, Melphalan, Actinomycin D, Cytosine Arabinoside (DMAC) Protocol for Dogs with Relapsed Lymphoma (2006)

The DMAC protocol is an effective rescue protocol for dogs with relapsed multicentric lymphoma. Although thrombocytopenia is a common manifestation of toxicity, in general, the protocol is well tolerated.
Synthesis of Poly-N-acetyllactosamine in Core 2 Branched O-Glycans (1998)

Poly-N-acetyllactosamine is a unique carbohydrate composed of N-acetyllactosamine repeats and provides the backbone structure for additional modifications such as sialyl Lex. Poly-N-acetyllactosamines in mucin-type O-glycans can be formed in core 2 branched oligosaccharides, which are synthesized by core 2 beta-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase. Using a beta-1, 4-galactosyltransferase (beta4Gal-TI) present in milk and the recently cloned beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase, the formation of poly-N-acetyllactosamine was found to be extremely inefficient starting from a core 2 branched oligosaccharide, GlcNAcbeta1-->6(Galbeta1-->3)GalNAcalpha-->R. Since the majority of synthesized oligosaccharides contained N-acetylglucosamine at the nonreducing ends, galactosylation was judged to be inefficient, prompting us to test novel members of the beta4Gal-T gene family for this synthesis. Using various synthetic acceptors and recombinant beta4Gal-Ts, beta4Gal-TIV was found to be most efficient in the addition of a single galactose residue to GlcNAcbeta1-->6(Galbeta1-->3)GalNAcalpha-->R. Moreover, beta4Gal-TIV, together with beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase, was capable of synthesizing poly-N-acetyllactosamine in core 2 branched oligosaccharides. On the other hand, beta4Gal-TI was found to be most efficient for poly-N-acetyllactosamine synthesis in N-glycans. In contrast to beta4Gal-TI, the efficiency of beta4Gal-TIV decreased dramatically as the acceptors contained more N-acetyllactosamine repeats, consistent with the fact that core 2 branched O-glycans contain fewer and shorter poly-N-acetyllactosamines than N-glycans in many cells. These results, as a whole, indicate that beta4Gal-TIV is responsible for poly-N-acetyllactosamine synthesis in core 2 branched O-glycans.
Validity of Using Average Diameter for Determination of Tensile Strength and Weibull Modulus of Ceramic Filaments (1997)

Strengths and Weibull moduli for alumina/yttrium aluminum garnet eutectic (AYE) filaments and for Si‐C‐O (Nicalon TM ) filaments were calculated using measured and average filament diameters. The strengths agreed closely. Thus an average filament diameter could be used instead of the measured filament diameter in calculating strengths. The Weibull modulus obtained from an average filament diameter approximates the Weibull modulus obtained using the measured filament diameter.
Global and cell type-specific immunological hallmarks of severe dengue progression (2022)

Abstract Severe dengue (SD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality impacting approximately 5 million of the 400 million people infected with dengue virus (DENV) annually. To define DENV target cells and immunological hallmarks of SD progression in children’s blood, we integrated virus-inclusive single cell RNA-Seq 2 (viscRNA-Seq 2) with functional assays. Beyond myeloid cells, in natural infection, B cells harbor replicating DENV capable of infecting permissive cells. Alterations in cell type abundance, gene and protein expression and secretion, and cell-cell communications point towards increased migration and inflammation in SD progressors (SDp). Concurrently, antigen presenting cells from SDp demonstrate intact uptake, yet impaired interferon responses and antigen presentation, in part DENV-modulated. Increased activation, regulation, and exhaustion of effector responses and expansion of HLA-DR-expressing, possibly compensatory, adaptive-like NK cells also characterize SDp. These findings reveal DENV target cells in the human blood and provide insight into SD pathogenesis beyond antibody-mediated enhancement.
A Transportation $L^p$ Distance for Signal Analysis (2016)

Transport based distances, such as the Wasserstein distance and earth mover's distance, have been shown to be an effective tool in signal and image analysis. The success of transport based distances is in part due to their Lagrangian nature which allows it to capture the important variations in many signal classes. However these distances require the signal to be nonnegative and normalized. Furthermore, the signals are considered as measures and compared by redistributing (transporting) them, which does not directly take into account the signal intensity. Here we study a transport-based distance, called the $TL^p$ distance, that combines Lagrangian and intensity modelling and is directly applicable to general, non-positive and multi-channelled signals. The framework allows the application of existing numerical methods. We give an overview of the basic properties of this distance and applications to classification, with multi-channelled, non-positive one and two-dimensional signals, and color transfer.
Body Surface Mapping to Guide Atrial Fibrillation Ablation (2015)

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common rhythm disorder, and is strongly associated with thromboembolic events and heart failure. Over the past decade, catheter ablation of AF has advanced considerably with progressive improvement in success rates. However, interventional treatment is still challenging, especially for persistent and long-standing persistent AF. Recently, AF analysis using a non-invasive body surface mapping technique has been shown to identify localised reentrant and focal sources, which play an important role in driving and perpetuating AF. Non-invasive mapping-guided ablation has also been reported to be effective for persistent AF. In this review, we describe new clinical insights obtained from non-invasive mapping of persistent AF to guide catheter ablation.
Mobile broadcasting (2010)

A new type of social medium, which allows users to broadcast live video from mobile devices to websites on the internet, is becoming increasingly popular. We provide a qualitative content analysis of a sample from four such services. The analysis specifically focuses on the topics presented, camerawork, and coordination, in order to investigate the possibilities and barriers to wider adoption of this new social medium. Although the services are growing in numbers of users, the study reveals an immature application area. People struggle to find interesting topics to broadcast and to manage the camera in a way that presents them in an appealing form. But there are also examples of topics such as artistic performances and tours, as well as ways to conduct live transitions and coordination, that point to a more medium-specific way of using these services. The results indicate that providing the opportunity to broadcast live video is not enough, and that there is now a need to design for amateurs' appropriation of camera handling techniques.
The influence of gearing footwear on running biomechanics (2017)

The influence of nonlinear bending stiffness footwear, which alters the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint bending as a function of forefoot bending stiffness, has been postulated to improve athletic performance and reduce injury risk during many sports. As the shoe moves through greater amounts of bending, forefoot stiffness should increase nonlinearly, to shift the centre of pressure forward (improving performance), while restricting forefoot bending in regions where turf toe injury may result. Recently, materials which allow for stiffness modifications as a function of forefoot flexion angle have been developed; however, the efficacy of this technology is unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this project was to evaluate the influence of gearing technology (a variable bending stiffness shoe) on biomechanics during running and sprinting. Ten male recreational athletes performed running and sprinting in two footwear conditions consisting of an altered US 10 adidas 16.4 FXG cleat. The footwear was altered by placing carbon fibre insoles with variable (nonlinear stiffness) into the shoes creating two different conditions: Control (no insole) and the variable stiffness (varStiff) shoe (gearing insoles). Kinematic (joint angles) and kinetic (ground reaction force and 3D joint moments) data of the lower extremity were recorded during each movement. The results of the study indicate that the variable stiffness insoles did positively influence athlete lower extremity biomechanics. At the MTP joint, as running speed increased (and normal MTP bending range of motion increased), the variable stiffness insoles reduced the amount of MTP bending of the shoes and reduced the medial–lateral movement of the point of force application. Additionally, the variable stiffness insoles reduced key biomechanical injury risk variables, such as non-sagittal plane joint loading at the knee and ankle joint.
Diffraction and Refraction Occurring in a Fault Zone in Corinth Gulf, Greece as Seen by Vertical Seismic Profiling (2018)

The objective of vertical seismic profiling (VSP) is the vertical velocity survey. Additionally, it is possible to discern downgoing and upgoing events and to obtain calibrated seismic reflections tied with depth. When VSP measurements are carried out in the vicinity of fault zones, singular arrivals have to be interpreted in detail as the expression of the fault zone presence. This chapter provides an example of Offset-VSP data that is recorded in the Aig-10 borehole intersecting the Aigion Fault Corinth Gulf, Greece. It then illustrates a series of WNW-ESE striking faults that has developed to the southern shoulder of the rift. One of them, the Aigion Fault, shows some recent seismic activity. The chapter further shows the interpreted ray paths of arrivals. The depth interval is represented in this figure, along with the source (P-vibrator) position by the scarp formed by the active fault.
On Human Intellect and Machine Failures: Troubleshooting Integrative Machine Learning Systems (2017)

We study the problem of troubleshooting machine learning systems that rely on analytical pipelines of distinct components. Understanding and fixing errors that arise in such integrative systems is difficult as failures can occur at multiple points in the execution workflow. Moreover, errors can propagate, become amplified or be suppressed, making blame assignment difficult. We propose a human-in-the-loop methodology which leverages human intellect for troubleshooting system failures. The approach simulates potential component fixes through human computation tasks and measures the expected improvements in the holistic behavior of the system. The method provides guidance to designers about how they can best improve the system. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach on an automated image captioning system that has been pressed into real-world use.
Comparative evaluation of accuracy of two electronic apex locators in the presence of various irrigants: An in vitro study (2012)

Within the limitations of this study Root ZX can be considered to be an accurate electronic apex locator and CHX as irrigant matched more precisely with the actual canal length measurements.
Synthesis and characterization of new aromatic polyesters containing biphenyl side groups (2007)

Abstract Aromatic polyesters containing biphenyl side groups were synthesized by phase‐transfer catalyzed interfacial polycondensation of 1‐(4‐biphenylyl)‐1,1‐bis(4‐hydroxyphenyl) ethane (BBHPE) with terephthaloyl chloride (TPC), isophthaloyl chloride (IPC), and a mixture of TPC/IPC (50 : 50 mol ratio). Copolyesters were synthesized by utilizing different molar proportions of BBHPE and 4,4′‐isopropylidenediphenol (BPA) with IPC and TPC. The inherent viscosities of polyesters were in the range 0.44–1.26 dL/g. All the polyesters were soluble in organic solvents such as dichloromethane, chloroform, tetrahydrofuran, meta ‐cresol, pyridine, N , N ‐dimethylformamide, N , N ‐dimethylacetamide, and 1‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidinone. Tough, transparent, and flexible films could be cast from chloroform solutions of these polyesters. WAXD measurements indicated that all the polyesters and copolyesters were amorphous in nature. Glass transition temperature of polyesters were in the range 198–256°C, while the initial degradation temperature of polyesters were in the range 444–481°C. Copolyesters derived from BBHPE exhibited improved solubility and higher glass transition temperatures compared to the corresponding polyesters based on BPA. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Customized Peptide Biomaterial Synthesis via an Environment-Reliant Auto-Programmer Stigmergic Approach (2018)

Stigmergy, a form of self-organization, was employed here to engineer a self-organizing peptide capable of forming a nano- or micro-structure and that can potentially be used in various drug delivery and biomedical applications. These self-assembling peptides exhibit several desirable qualities for drug delivery, tissue engineering, cosmetics, antibiotics, food science, and biomedical surface engineering. In this study, peptide biomaterial synthesis was carried out using an environment-reliant auto-programmer stigmergic approach. A model protein, &alpha;-gliadin (31, 36, and 38 kD), was forced to attain a primary structure with free &ndash;SH groups and broken down enzymatically into smaller fragments using chymotrypsin. This breakdown was carried out at different environment conditions (37 and 50 &deg;C), and the fragments were allowed to self-organize at these temperatures. The new peptides so formed diverged according to the environmental conditions. Interestingly, two peptides (with molecular weights of 13.8 and 11.8 kD) were isolated when the reaction temperature was maintained at 50 &deg;C, while four peptides with molecular weights of 54, 51, 13.8, and 12.8 kD were obtained when the reaction was conducted at 37 &deg;C. Thus, at a higher temperature (50 &deg;C), the peptides formed, compared to the original protein, had lower molecular weights, whereas, at a lower temperature (37 &deg;C), two peptides had higher molecular weights and two had lower molecular weights.
Compliant, copper based chip to substrate connections (2010)

The nature of the copper electroless bonding of copper pillars to substrates with different size gaps distances was studied. The direct pillar-to-pillar bonding of two copper pillars with narrow gap (<;20 μm) separation showed occurred preferable at the overlapp region of the pillars. The bonding between two copper pads with large gaps (>100 μm) showed that a metal connection occurred at the preferred locations, however, the growth of copper was associated with spurious plating. The bond strength of the two copper pillars by the electroless plating process was at least 170 MPa (shear force divided by the contact area) after annealing at 180°C. A computational simulation of stress evolution in a silicon die connected to a organic substrate by copper pillars was performed using a half-GPD (generalized plain deformation) model to evaluate the thermomechanical strain. The model showed that the maximum stress is less than 175 MPa, and the use of polymer collars around the copper pillar decreases the value to <;115 MPa.
Guest Editorial: Special Section on Cyber-Physical Social Systems—Integrating Human into Computing (2020)

The papers in this special section examine the human factors integration of cyber-physical social systems in computer applications. Human factors are becoming increasingly important in computing systems. A cyber-physical social system (CPSS), which incorporates human factors, encompasses not only cyberspace and physical world, but also human knowledge, mental capacity, and sociocultural elements. Rapid developments in cloud computing, smart grid, autonomous automotive systems, medical monitoring, process control systems, distributed robotics, and mobile networks are instigating a new paradigm shift in CPSS architectures, platforms and services by bringing improvement not only to the performance but also to the user experience in terms of the energy efficiency, reliability, security, and cost efficiency with human factors. The integration of cyber-physical systems and human social behaviors also provides a good opportunity to address challenges in human-centric technology development by using advanced technologies such as social computing, social system, and social networking.
MDM2 Acts Downstream of p53 as an E3 Ligase to Promote FOXO Ubiquitination and Degradation (2009)

Members of the FOXO (forkhead O) class of transcription factors are tumor suppressors that also control aging and organismal life span. Mammalian FOXO degradation is proteasome-mediated, although the ubiquitin E3 ligase for FOXO factors remains to be defined. We show that MDM2 binds to FOXO1 and FOXO3A and promotes their ubiquitination and degradation, a process apparently dependent on FOXO phosphorylation at AKT sites and the E3 ligase activity of MDM2. Binding of MDM2 to FOXO occurs through the region of MDM2 that directs its cellular trafficking and the forkhead box of FOXO1. MDM2 promotes the ubiquitination of FOXO1 in a cell-free system, and its knockdown by small interfering RNA causes accumulation of endogenous FOXO3A protein in cells and enhances the expression of FOXO target genes. In cells stably expressing a temperature-sensitive p53 mutant, activation of p53 by shifting to permissive temperatures leads to MDM2 induction and degradation of endogenous FOXO3A. These data suggest that MDM2 acts as an ubiquitin E3 ligase, downstream of p53, to regulate the degradation of mammalian FOXO factors.
Anywhere Decoding: Low-Overhead Uplink Interference Management for Wireless Networks (2020)

Inter-cell interference (ICI) is one of the major performance-limiting factors in the context of modern cellular systems. To tackle ICI, coordinated multi-point (CoMP) schemes have been proposed as a key technology for next-generation mobile communication systems. Although CoMP schemes offer promising theoretical gains, their performance could degrade significantly because of practical issues such as limited backhaul. To address this issue, we explore a novel uplink interference management scheme called anywhere decoding, which requires exchanging just a few bits of information per coding interval among the base stations (BSs). Despite the low overhead of anywhere decoding, we observe considerable gains in the outage probability performance of cell-edge users, compared to no cooperation between BSs. Additionally, asymptotic results of the outage probability for high-SNR regimes demonstrate that anywhere decoding schemes achieve full spatial diversity through multiple decoding opportunities, and they are within 1.5 dB of full cooperation.
A new method to visualize CEP peptide-CEP receptor interactions in vascular tissue in vivo (2021)

C-TERMINALLY ENCODED PEPTIDEs (CEPs) control diverse plant responses including root development, root system shape, nitrogen demand signalling, and nutrient allocation influencing yield. There is evidence that different CEP ligands impart different phenotypic responses. Thus, a need exists for a simple method that determines if different CEP family peptides bind the same receptor and validates <em>bona fide</em> CEP hormone-receptor pairings <em>in vivo</em>. The method developed used formaldehyde or photo-activation to cross-link fluorescently tagged group 1 or group 2 CEPs to receptors in semi-purified <em>Medicago truncatula</em> or <em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em> leaf vascular tissues. We used this method to verify that COMPACT ROOT ARCHITECTURE 2 (CRA2) is the major Medicago CEP receptor and to investigate if sequence diversity of ligands within the CEP family influences receptor binding. Formaldehyde cross-linked the fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-tagged Medicago group 1 CEP (MtCEP1) to wild-type Medicago or Arabidopsis vascular tissue cells, but not to the corresponding CEP receptor mutants, <em>cra2</em> or <em>cepr1</em>. Binding competition showed that unlabelled MtCEP1 displaces FITC-MtCEP1 from CRA2. By contrast, the group 2 CEP, FITC-AtCEP14, bound to vascular tissue independently of CEPR1 or CRA2, and AtCEP14 did not complete with FITC-MtCEP1 to bind CEP receptors. The binding of a photo-activatable FITC-MtCEP1 to the periphery of Medicago vascular cells suggested that CRA2 localises to the plasma membrane. We extracted and visualised a fluorescent 105 kDa protein corresponding to photo-cross-linked FITC-MtCEP1-CRA2 complex using SDS-PAGE. Mass spectrometry identified CRA2-specific peptides in this protein band. These results indicate that FITC-MtCEP1 binds to CRA2, MtCRA2 and AtCEPR1 are functionally equivalent, and that the binding specificity of group1 and group 2 CEP ligands are distinct. Using formaldehyde or photo-activated crosslinking of biologically-active, fluorescently-tagged ligands may find wider utility by identifying CEP-CEP receptor pairings in diverse plants.
Thermoacoustic Modeling and Control of Multi Burner Combustion Systems (2003)

Thermoacoustic interactions in industrial combustion systems are difficult to model because they involve complex interactions between several physical mechanisms. In order to obtain dynamic models of such systems, a hybrid approach is used: numerical, experimental and analytical techniques are combined to describe the system. The system is modeled as a modular network, where the input–output relation of the modules can be based on analytic models, experimental data or numerical analysis. The modules are represented as state-space realizations. A modal expansion technique is used to obtain a state-space representation of the acoustic propagation through complex 3-dimensional geometries. The modal expansion can be based on an analytic model (for relatively simple volumes), or on a finite element analysis (for geometries of any complexity). Modules that are very complex, such as the acoustic behavior of the combustion process itself, are modeled using a combined experimental and analytic approach. The method is not restricted to symmetries of any kind: configurations with geometrically or operationally different burners are simulated. The state-space network approach allows for time domain simulations, including non-linearities. An active controller has been synthesized for an (hypothetical) annular multi burner combustion system. The controller uses spatial filtering to decompose the acoustic field to its individual modes. The modes are then controlled using an H∞ control algorithm. Time domain simulations of this control system demonstrate the effectiveness of this method, even in the presence of non-linear saturation and parametric errors.
Next-cell Prediction Based on Cell Sequence History and Intra-cell Trajectory (2019)

In this work, we study a novel mobility prediction algorithm based on past long-term and short-term trajectories of users. In particular, we perceive the regularity of users’ movements by training a Markov Renewal Process (MRP) using the long-term trajectory history. Moreover, short-term trajectory data, recorded within the current residing cell, is utilized to incorporate possible randomness of users’ behavior into the algorithm. In fact, each neighboring cell is assigned two distinct probabilities of being chosen as next crossing cell, one given by MRP, while another is obtained from the direction of movements across the current cell. Lastly, assigned probabilities, i.e. the pieces of information extracted from the two aforementioned trajectory data sets, are combined with the aid of Dempster-Shafer theory to reach the best possible decision about the future crossing cell. Simulation results illustrate that the algorithm reliably predicts the next crossing cell with around 70% accuracy.