gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Method for Quantification of Penetration of Nanoparticles through Skin Layers Using Near-Infrared Optical Imaging (2015)

Our study presents a new method for tracking nanoparticle penetration through different layers of the skin using near-infrared dye-loaded nanoparticles (hydrodynamic diameter = 156 nm) and optical imaging. The dye-loaded nanoparticles were mixed in a topical skin cream, applied to human cadaver skin and incubated either for three or 24 h post-application, skin tissue was clipped between glass slides prior to imaging for signal intensity across the skin thickness using an optical imaging system. The data show that nanoparticles penetrate through all the layers of the skin but there is almost an exponential decay in the signal intensity from epidermis to dermis. Depending upon the incubation time, about 55%–59% of the total signal was seen in the epidermis and the remaining through dermis and hypodermis. The advantage of the method is that it allows quantitative analysis of the extent of penetration of nanoparticles through different layers of the skin without interference of any background signal from skin tissue, and without requiring extensive tissue processing. Our method could potentially be used to study the effect of nanoparticle properties and/or the use of different formulation additives on penetration of nanoparticles through different skin layers.
A new class of bookshelf bistable siloxane modified ferroelectric LC materials with electrical repairability in an LCoS configuration (2011)

Abstract— Investigation of siloxane‐based ferroelectric liquid crystals (Si‐FLCs) has revealed chevron‐free long‐term bistable behavior and, unusually, an easy regeneration of bistable performance after damage ( e.g. , by mechanical shock). The properties are intrinsically related to the chemical structure of the oligosiloxane materials. The phenomena result from the coupling of siloxane and organic moieties that causes nano‐phase segregation, which essentially reduces the correlation of tilting from adjacent layers and also generates weak anchoring by decoupling the bulk structure from the strong surface anchoring. A method of regenerating a condition with bistable performance by an electric field (without mechanical and heat treatment) is established. An in‐house Si‐FLC over a silicon (Si‐FLCoS) device is demonstrated, which exhibits good memory effects without chevron defects and a repair function for regenerating bistability in case of damage.
Rational design for multifunctional non-liposomal lipid-based nanocarriers for cancer management: theory to practice (2013)

Nanomedicines have gained more and more attention in cancer therapy thanks to their ability to enhance the tumour accumulation and the intracellular uptake of drugs while reducing their inactivation and toxicity. In parallel, nanocarriers have been successfully employed as diagnostic tools increasing imaging resolution holding great promises both in preclinical research and in clinical settings. Lipid-based nanocarriers are a class of biocompatible and biodegradable vehicles that provide advanced delivery of therapeutic and imaging agents, improving pharmacokinetic profile and safety. One of most promising engineering challenges is the design of innovative and versatile multifunctional targeted nanotechnologies for cancer treatment and diagnosis. This review aims to highlight rational approaches to design multifunctional non liposomal lipid-based nanocarriers providing an update of literature in this field.
InteractionGAN: Image-Level Interaction using Generative Adversarial Networks (2019)

We present a novel strategy for image-level interaction that is applicable to a single image without any prior structural knowledge, such as object status or reconstructed 3D models. By training sets of input image and interaction pairs using a target image, our model can generate result images by applying the desired interaction to new unseen images. The proposed method is differentiated from previous approaches for changing poses, which requires absolute statuses for training images or estimated 3D model with reconstruction errors. Based on the conceptual analysis of encoder-decoder networks, we propose a novel generator network architecture containing a feature converter network, which is suitable for applying interactions to images. We also implement a discriminator network for training, which is a well-known technique for generative adversarial networks. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method successfully generates result images with applied interactions without any prior knowledge. We expect that our method will provide insights into novel interaction schemes for augmented reality by reflecting interactions onto real scenes and providing more realistic user experiences.
Systems for Plant Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Analysis. (2019)

Abstract not provided.
<title>Microfabrication below 10 nm</title> (1990)

We describe a new electron beam lithography method for producing structures with lateral sizes smaller than the incident beam diameter. These patterns are transferred into GaAs/A1GaAs, InGaAs/GaAs and InGaAs/InP quantum well heterostructures using chemically assisted ion beam etching, thereby forming uniform arrays of pillars with lateral dimensions at or below 10 nm. To correlate the sizes of such structures with our exposure and development conditions, reflection electron microscopy observations are used.
The Exon A (C77G) Mutation Is a Common Cause of Abnormal CD45 Splicing in Humans (2001)

The leukocyte common (CD45) Ag is essential for normal T lymphocyte function and alternative splicing at the N terminus of the gene is associated with changes in T cell maturation and differentiation. Recently, a statistically significant association was reported in a large series of human thymus samples between phenotypically abnormal CD45 splicing and the presence of the CC chemokine receptor 5 deletion 32 (CCR5del32) allele, which confers resistance to HIV infection in homozygotes. We show here that abnormal splicing in these thymus samples is associated with the presence of the only established cause of CD45 abnormal splicing, a C77G transversion in exon A. In addition we have examined 227 DNA samples from peripheral blood of healthy donors and find no association between the exon A (C77G) and CCR5del32 mutations. Among 135 PBMC samples, tested by flow cytometric analysis, all those exhibiting abnormal splicing of CD45 also showed the exon A C77G transversion. We conclude that the exon A (C77G) mutation is a common cause of abnormal CD45 splicing and that further disease association studies of this mutation are warranted.
Direct Conversion of Alginate Oligo‐ and Polysaccharides into Biodegradable and Non‐Ecotoxic Anionic Furanic Surfactants—An Experimental and Mechanistic Study (2021)

Abstract A series of novel anionic furanic surfactants characterized by the presence of a couple of lipophilic chains acetal‐linked to a sodium 2‐furoate head group, are prepared by the conversion of oligo‐alginates or alginate to butyl 5‐(dibutoxymethyl)‐2‐furoate, followed by the introduction of fatty alkyl chains containing 7 to 18 carbon atoms and the release of the carboxylate function. A plausible mechanism for the unexpected formation of butyl 5‐(dibutoxymethyl)‐2‐furoate is proposed through a study based on both experimental results and density functional calculations. One‐pot processes involving hydrolysis, butanolysis, dehydration, transesterification, transacetalization, and saponification reactions, are successfully developed to provide furan‐type surfactants under conditions that respect the principles of green chemistry. The surface activities of these products in a pure form or as a mixture are evaluated and quite low values of superficial tensions (&lt;25 mN m −1 ) and foaming properties are obtained depending on the alkyl chain length. In addition, a readily biodegradability and an absence of aquatic ecotoxicity are shown for a surfactant composition based on sodium 5‐(dioctyloxymethyl)‐2‐furoate.
Entrapping Atomically Precise Clusters in Cyclodextrin-Functionalized Aminoclay Sheets: Synthesis and Enhanced Luminescence (2020)

In this article, a unique covalently linked aminoclay substrate, grafted with β-cyclodextrin (AC-CD), was prepared to entrap luminescent silver nanoclusters. Chemically synthesized aminoclay (AC) sheets grafted with β-cyclodextrins (β-CDs) were used to develop a supramolecular entity. Here, we grafted β-CD onto aminoclays using cyanuric chloride as a linker. The AC-CD material was thoroughly characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The grafting ratio of β-CD onto AC-CD was determined using the phenolphthalein inclusion protocol. The as-prepared functionalized clay (AC-CD) is an effective and attractive material for entrapping a luminescent silver chalcogenide cluster stabilized by 4-(t-butyl)benzyl mercaptan (Ag56Se13S15@SBB28 shortened as Ag2Se@SBB). The cluster AC-CD (AC-CD∩Ag2Se@SBB) supramolecular nanocomposite is based on specific host–guest interactions involving β-CD of AC-CD and SBB of a silver cluster. Entrapment of the cluster into the β-CD cavity was verified using optical absorption, luminescence spectroscopy, XRD, and TEM. The entrapment resulted in enhanced luminescence and stability of the cluster. Such a dispersible nanocomposite system exhibiting intense luminescence will be useful in creating novel materials for various applications such as sensors, optoelectronic devices, etc.
A Novel Framework for Quantitatively Connecting the Mechanical Design of Passive Prosthetic Feet to Lower Leg Trajectory (2018)

This paper presents a novel framework that quantitatively connects the mechanical design of a prosthetic foot to its anticipated biomechanical performance. The framework uses kinetic inputs (ground reaction forces and center of pressure) to predict kinematic outputs of the lower leg segment by knowing the geometry and stiffness of the foot. The error between the predicted and target kinematics is evaluated using a root-mean-square error function called the Lower Leg Trajectory Error (LLTE). Using physiological kinetic inputs and kinematic targets, three model foot architectures were optimized to minimize the LLTE. The resulting predicted lower leg kinematics were compared to those of the same foot architectures optimized for physiological roll-over geometry. The feet with minimized LLTE had lower leg kinematics closer to physiological than those optimized for roll-over geometry. A prosthetic foot that exactly mimics physiological roll-over geometry may result in gait kinematics that differ greatly from physiological, as roll-over geometry omits information about the foot-ground contact constraint, lower leg orientation, and temporal progression of a step. The LLTE-based framework is agnostic to specific foot designs provided their constitutive behavior can be characterized, and it can accept alternate inputs and targets depending on what performance and clinical objectives are desired.
An Improved SIC-Based Detection Scheme for Non-Uniform Constellations in ATSC 3.0 MIMO (2022)

This paper presents an alternative approach to real-valued signal representation and proposes an improved successive interference cancellation (SIC)-based detection scheme using the alternative signal representation for non-uniform constellations (NUCs) in Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) 3.0. Since I/Q polarization interleaving in ATSC 3.0 multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) precoding performs a non-linear operation, it makes it difficult to use conventional suboptimal detection schemes based on interference cancellation. Therefore, the alternative signal representation is designed to easily apply various suboptimal detection schemes. Further, to obtain more robustness and lower complexity, a suboptimal detection scheme based on the alternative signal representation and interference cancellation with QR decomposition is proposed. The proposed detection scheme exploits the structural properties of NUCs and jointly detects the real and imaginary parts as a block. In addition, by considering one or more candidate symbols in the interference cancellation for the proposed detection scheme, the performance and the complexity are trade-offs according to the number of the considering candidate symbols. Simulation results show that the proposed detection scheme with a slight increase of the complexity significantly outperforms a linear detection under fixed and mobile channels.
HIPDM Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography Brain Imaging in Partial Onset Secondarily Generalized Tonic‐Clonic Seizures (1987)

HIPDM-Single photon emission computed tomography brain imaging was performed during interictal and ictal stages in three patients with complex partial seizures and secondarily generalized tonic-clonic seizures. In all three patients, interictal studies demonstrated decreased regional cerebral perfusion (rCP) and ictal studies showed increased rCP in the epileptogenic region. The demonstration of focal hyperperfusion by SPECT performed during secondarily generalized tonic-clonic seizures suggests that rCP in the epileptic focus remains higher than in other cerebral regions during immediate postictal stages, even in secondarily generalized seizures.
Dedicated Algorithm for Unobtrusive Fetal Heart Rate Monitoring Using Multiple Dry Electrodes (2021)

Multi-channel measurements from the maternal abdomen acquired by means of dry electrodes can be employed to promote long-term monitoring of fetal heart rate (fHR). The signals acquired with this type of electrode have a lower signal-to-noise ratio and different artifacts compared to signals acquired with conventional wet electrodes. Therefore, starting from the benchmark algorithm with the best performance for fHR estimation proposed by Varanini et al., we propose a new method specifically designed to remove artifacts typical of dry-electrode recordings. To test the algorithm, experimental textile electrodes were employed that produce artifacts typical of dry and capacitive electrodes. The proposed solution is based on a hybrid (hardware and software) pre-processing step designed specifically to remove the disturbing component typical of signals acquired with these electrodes (triboelectricity artifacts and amplitude modulations). The following main processing steps consist of the removal of the maternal ECG by blind source separation, the enhancement of the fetal ECG and identification of the fetal QRS complexes. Main processing is designed to be robust to the high-amplitude motion artifacts that corrupt the acquisition. The obtained denoising system was compared with the benchmark algorithm both on semi-simulated and on real data. The performance, quantified by means of sensitivity, F1-score and root-mean-square error metrics, outperforms the performance obtained with the original method available in the literature. This result proves that the design of a dedicated processing system based on the signal characteristics is necessary for reliable and accurate estimation of the fHR using dry, textile electrodes.
ML297 (VU0456810), the First Potent and Selective Activator of the GIRK Potassium Channel, Displays Antiepileptic Properties in Mice (2013)

The G-protein activated, inward-rectifying potassium (K(+)) channels, "GIRKs", are a family of ion channels (Kir3.1-Kir3.4) that has been the focus of intense research interest for nearly two decades. GIRKs are comprised of various homo- and heterotetrameric combinations of four different subunits. These subunits are expressed in different combinations in a variety of regions throughout the central nervous system and in the periphery. The body of GIRK research implicates GIRK in processes as diverse as controlling heart rhythm, to effects on reward/addiction, to modulation of response to analgesics. Despite years of GIRK research, very few tools exist to selectively modulate GIRK channels' activity and until now no tools existed that potently and selectively activated GIRKs. Here we report the development and characterization of the first truly potent, effective, and selective GIRK activator, ML297 (VU0456810). We further demonstrate that ML297 is active in two in vivo models of epilepsy, a disease where up to 40% of patients remain with symptoms refractory to present treatments. The development of ML297 represents a truly significant advancement in our ability to selectively probe GIRK's role in physiology as well as providing the first tool for beginning to understand GIRK's potential as a target for a diversity of therapeutic indications.
Rural Development Policies and Rural Governability: The Andalusian Case (2009)

Since the beginning of the 90s, the EU Rural Development Policy (RDP) embodied on different programmes and initiatives -such as Leader - has been changing the institutional way to approach rural communities among State Members. This new policy has been introducing new ideas such as multi-level governance or bottom-up decision making process, which have unfolded a new model of rural governance in Europe. Therefore, the hypothesis of this paper is that EU RPD is a key element in the ongoing process of deep transformation of rural governance in Andalusia.
A Numerical Technique for Modeling Thermoelectric Cooler With Temperature Controller for Steady State CFD Applications (2003)

A Thermo Electric Cooler (TEC) model was incorporated to a CFD software program by imposing heat absorption, heat rejection and Joule heat generation source terms to the appropriate geometric regions. The above-mentioned source terms are functions of current input and local temperature. These functions were incorporated as User Defined Functions (UDF) to the software program. If the objective is to achieve a desired temperature at the centroid location of the heat absorption side (cold side), the current input to the TEC is an unknown that depends on the boundary conditions. Hence the current parameter was posed as an unknown variable in the UDF and was iteratively solved so that the set point temperature is attained. The source terms and the feedback control were implemented in Finite Volume Method (FVM) based CFD software Icepak. FVM simulation predictions were compared with the results from a 1-D global energy balance model that was solved using TK solver program. Acceptable agreement between the two approaches is reported. While the 1-D model can be used for quick calculation under assumed simplistic scenarios, the CFD implementation can be applied to system level flow and energy simulations.
Vascular lumen preservation and optimization for in vivo-like peripheral vasculature dimensions in histology for proper preclinical peripheral, non-permanent scaffold, device evaluation (2015)

At necropsy, following harvesting, arterial segments experience pronounced radial and longitudinal recoil. We aim to establish an innovative methodology with the intent of preserving the in vivo vascular dimensions in histology. Peripheral arteries of seven Yucatan naïve swine were evaluated. Arteries were flushed and pressure fixated. While still in situ, some vessels were infused with a polymeric-based vascular intraluminar support. Vessels were evaluated by histology and histomorphometry and compared to equivalent angiographic data. Following randomization, 10 arteries were fixed with 10%NBF (unsupported intraluminal vasculature, UIV) and 18 arteries were preserved with the vascular intraluminal support (VIS). When VIS was utilized (external iliac artery [EIA] = 3.77 ± 0.61 mm; superficial femoral artery [SFA] = 3.3 ± 1.26 mm), the lumen diameters were preserved compared to angiography (EIA = 4.87 ± 0.46 mm; SFA = 3.63 ± 0.34 mm). UIV SFAs showed a significant decrease (EIA = 2.07 ± 0.56 mm; SFA = 1.94 ± 0.36 mm). Histomorphometry showed a reduction in lumen area of iliac (VIS = 11.49 ± 3.5 mm2; UIV = 3.83 ± 1.6 mm2) and SFA (VIS = 6.99 ± 1.8 mm2; UIV = 3.09 ± 1.2 mm2). Vessel area followed the same pattern (EIA [VIS = 12.94 ± 3.6 mm2; UIV = 5.92 ± 1.5 mm2]; SFA [VIS = 8.06 ± 1.9 mm2; UIV = 4.83 ± 1.1 mm2]). In the absence of VIS, both EIA and SFA showed an artificially thicker vascular wall (EIA = 249.18 ± 87.7 μm; SFA = 243.15 ± 87.7 μm) compared to VIS group (EIA = 117.46 ± 25.2 μm; SFA = 108.75 ± 20.6 μm). UIV displayed the prototypical features, such as collapse profile, ‘zig-zags’ internal elastic lamina (IEL) pattern, thick media, and is thick and corrugated external elastic lamina (EEL). In contrast, VIS showed a circular profile, stretched and curvilinear IEL and EEL, thin media layer, with concentrically layered streams of smooth muscle cells. Both groups had a continuous and confluent endothelium. We conclude that in relevant preclinical studies where luminal support is lacking, it is of paramount importance to implement this novel histology paradigm.
Wavelength‐dependent photochemistry of 1‐phenyl‐1‐diazopropane (2021)

Abstract 1‐Phenyl‐1‐diazopropane ( PDP ) was photolyzed in acetonitrile/methanol mixtures using either 520‐nm light or 350‐nm light. The main photoproducts were 1‐methoxypropylbenzene and E , Z ‐1‐phenylpropene. With 520‐nm light, a plot of (1‐methoxypropylbenzene)/( E , Z ‐1‐phenylpropene) versus methanol concentration was linear. These results are consistent with the visible light induced fragmentation of PDP to dinitrogen and closed shell singlet (S 0 ) ethyl, phenylcarbene ( 1 EPC ) which partitions between 1,2 hydrogen migration to form alkene, and reaction with methanol to form ether. The same plot generated with 350‐nm light significantly deviates from linearity. It is proposed that 350‐nm light generates the carbene in a vibrationally excited, open shell S 1 excited state ( 1 EPC* ). This state rearranges to E , Z ‐1‐phenylpropenes in competition with relaxation to ground state 1 EPC over a few tens of ps. As a result, methanol cannot completely suppress alkene formation upon photolysis of PDP with 350‐nm light. The carbene excited state is a “non‐trappable carbene” route to alkenes.
Supplementary Data from A Novel Engineered Small Protein for Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of Human Programmed Death Ligand-1: Validation in Mouse Models and Human Cancer Tissues (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary document with figures 1-5.&lt;/p&gt;
Mechanistic Insights into the Kinetic and Regiochemical Control of the Thiol-Promoted Catalytic Synthesis of Diphenolic Acid (2012)

The mechanism of the acid-catalyzed condensation between levulinic acid and phenol to form diphenolic acid (DPA) was investigated using a combination of sulfonated hyperbranched poly(arylene oxindole)s and thiols. Taft-type steric and electronic parameters were applied to study the correlation between the nature of the thiols and the condensation rate. The kinetic effect of thiols to tune the regiochemical control was shown to be dependent on the substituent size of the thiols. Although thiols cause an increase in the regioselectivity to the desired p,p′-DPA, the isomer distribution is found to converge to a thermodynamic equilibrium at high conversions of levulinic acid. The hitherto unconsidered acid-catalyzed isomerization of p,p′-DPA to o,p′-DPA was demonstrated by condensation reactions with both m-cresol and 13C-labeled phenol supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
A Robust, Low-Crosstalk, InGaAsP/lnP Total-lnternal-Reflection Switch For Optical Cross-Connect Applications (2000)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text I. Betty, R. Rousina-Webb, and C. Wu, "A Robust, Low-Crosstalk, InGaAsP/lnP Total-lnternal-Reflection Switch For Optical Cross-Connect Applications," in Photonics in Switching, P. Prucnal and D. Blumenthal, eds., Vol. 32 of OSA Trends in Optics and Photonics (Optica Publishing Group, 1999), paper 5. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article