gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detecting Uninteresting Content in Text Streams (2010)

A BST R A C T We study the problem of identifying uninteresting content in text streams from micro-blogging services such as Twitter. Our premise is that truly mundane content is not interesting in any context, and thus can be quickly filtered using simple queryindependent features. Such a filter could be used for tiering indexes in a micro-blog search engine, with the filtered uninteresting content relegated to the less frequently accessed tiers.
Preparation of Lotus Root-Type Monolithic-Activated Carbons with an Hierarchical Pore Structure from Rice Husks and Their Adsorption of Vitamin B12 (2019)

Activated carbon is widely used in many fields because of its well-developed pore structure. Especially in hemoperfusion, activated carbon beads derived from macroporous resin spheres are the predominant adsorbents in hemoditoxifiers. In comparison, biomass-activated carbon attracts more extensive attention on account of its renewability and environmental protection. In this study, a lotus root-type monolithic-activated carbon with a hierarchical pore structure was made from rice husks by the injection molding process followed by carbonization and activation. The straight square channels with the side length of about 1.3 mm were designable, and these channels with adjustable lengths were favorable for the fluid flow during blood purification compared with the tightly packed carbon beads in commercialized hemoditoxifiers. Complementally, the hierarchical nano-sized pores in the walls of the big channels would contribute much to the adsorption capacity for the monolith. Specifically, the adsorption of vitamin B12, a representative of middle molecular toxins in human blood, was about 3.7 mg g<sup>-1</sup>, which was acquired by simulated in vitro hemoperfusion tests and this demonstrated the promising application of the lotus root-type biomass-activated carbon in hemoperfusion.
A low-dimensional step pattern analysis algorithm with application to multimodal retinal image registration (2015)

Existing feature descriptor-based methods on retinal image registration are mainly based on scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) or partial intensity invariant feature descriptor (PIIFD). While these descriptors are often being exploited, they do not work very well upon unhealthy multimodal images with severe diseases. Additionally, the descriptors demand high dimensionality to adequately represent the features of interest. The higher the dimensionality, the greater the consumption of resources (e.g. memory space). To this end, this paper introduces a novel registration algorithm coined low-dimensional step pattern analysis (LoSPA), tailored to achieve low dimensionality while providing sufficient distinctiveness to effectively align unhealthy multimodal image pairs. The algorithm locates hypotheses of robust corner features based on connecting edges from the edge maps, mainly formed by vascular junctions. This method is insensitive to intensity changes, and produces uniformly distributed features and high repeatability across the image domain. The algorithm continues with describing the corner features in a rotation invariant manner using step patterns. These customized step patterns are robust to non-linear intensity changes, which are well-suited for multimodal retinal image registration. Apart from its low dimensionality, the LoSPA algorithm achieves about two-fold higher success rate in multimodal registration on the dataset of severe retinal diseases when compared to the top score among state-of-the-art algorithms.
Efficient and green sulfamic acid catalyzed synthesis of new 1,2-dihydroquinazoline derivatives with antibacterial potential (2015)

A simple, efficient and eco-friendly method for the synthesis of 1,2-dihydroquinazolines has been developed using three-component reaction of readily available aromatic aldehydes, 2-aminobenzophenones, ammonium acetate with sulfamic acid as a green and recyclable catalyst. The significant features of this method include short reaction time, operational simplicity, high yields and high selectivity. Interestingly, the catalyst can be recovered and reused for up to four cycles without any loss in catalytic activity. By employing this method, a series of 23 compounds was synthesized and tested for antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains as well as a fungal strain. Among these, compounds 4l, 4v and 4w showed appreciable antibacterial activity selectively against Gram-positive bacteria, wherein compound 4w exhibited promising antibacterial activity with MIC value of 0.010 μMol L−1 against Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 96 and Micrococcus luteus MTCC 2470. In addition, 4w also showed promising bactericidal and biofilm formation inhibitory effects.
Association of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 with the multichain high-affinity interleukin 2 receptor. (1990)

Previously, using flow cytometric resonance energy transfer and lateral diffusion measurements, we demonstrated that a 95-kDa protein identified by two monoclonal antibodies (OKT27 and OKT27b) interacts physically with the 55-kDa alpha protein of the high-affinity interleukin 2 (IL-2) receptor. In the present study, this 95-kDa protein (p95) was purified and amino acid sequence data were obtained that showed strong homology to the human intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1). The identity of the p95 protein with ICAM-1 was confirmed by sequential immunoprecipitations using OKT27 and an antibody, WEHI-CAM-1, that is directed toward ICAM-1. We confirmed the physical proximity of p95/ICAM-1 to the IL-2 receptor alpha subunit by demonstrating that radiolabeled IL-2 could be cross-linked to this protein expressed on activated T cells. In functional studies, the antibodies OKT27 and OKT27b inhibited T-cell proliferative responses to OKT3, to soluble antigen, and to heterologous cells (mixed lymphocyte reaction). However, these antibodies did not inhibit IL-2-induced proliferation of an IL-2-dependent T-cell line. Taken together with our previous observations, the present studies suggest that ICAM-1 is in proximity and interacts physically with the high-affinity IL-2 receptor. The association of ICAM-1 with the IL-2 receptor may facilitate the paracrine IL-2-mediated stimulation of T cells expressing IL-2 receptors by augmenting homotypic T-T-cell interaction, by receptor-directed focusing of IL-2 release by helper T cells, and by focusing IL-2 receptors of the physically linked cells to the site of lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1-ICAM-1-IL-2 receptor interaction.
Templated Crystallisation of Calcium and Strontium Carbonates on Centred Rectangular Self-Assembled Monolayer Substrates (1998)

SrCO3 crystals display patterns of templating when grown on tailored self-assembled monolayers (right). As SrCO3 is isostructural with aragonite, comparison of the crystallisation of SrCO3 in the aragonite/strontianite modification with the crystallisation of CaCO3 in all three modifications might yield some insights into which factors are important for crystal growth.
Simple and Efficient Mesh Layout with Space-Filling Curves (2012)

Abstract We present a simple and efficient algorithm to compute cache-friendly layouts of unstructured geometric data. Coherent mesh layouts minimize cache misses and page faults by laying out vertices, triangles, or tetrahedra in a spatially structured manner. Recently, Yoon et al. have shown that it is possible to construct an optimal cache-oblivious mesh layout (COML) for surface and volume data. However, their approach is based on an NP-Hard optimization problem and is thus very computationally expensive. We present a mesh layout based on space-filling curves that has comparable performance to COML and is orders of magnitude faster to compute. We also discuss extending our algorithm to handle extremely large datasets through an out-of-core approach. Finally, we include an analysis that examines a number of different mesh layouts, highlighting their strengths and weaknesses. Our evaluation indicates that space-filling curve layouts can be an order of magnitude faster and less memory intensive to compute while, in every application, being able to maintain a performance within 5% of the best layout, including those that are specifically tuned for GPU hardware vertex caches [Lin and Yu 06 Lin, G. and Yu, T. P. 2006. An Improved Vertex Caching Scheme for 3D Mesh Rendering. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 12: 640–648. [Lin and Yu 06] [Google Scholar], Sander et al. 07 Sander, P. V., Nehab, D. and Barczak, J. Fast Triangle Reordering for Vertex Locality and Reduced Overdraw. ACM Transactions on Graphics, 26:3 [Sander et al. 07] [Google Scholar]].
ChemInform Abstract: Phenyl Hydrazine as Initiator for Direct Arene C—H Arylation via Base Promoted Homolytic Aromatic Substitution. (2014)

Abstract It is demonstrated that phenylhydrazine is a cheap initiator for the direct arylation of unactivated arenes with diverse aryl iodides.
73 GHz wideband millimeter-wave foliage and ground reflection measurements and models (2015)

This paper presents 73 GHz wideband outdoor foliage and ground reflection measurements. Propagation measurements were made with a 400 Megachips-per-second sliding correlator channel sounder, with rotatable 27 dBi (7° half-power beamwidth) horn antennas at both the transmitter and receiver, to study foliage-induced scattering and de-polarization effects, to assist in developing future wireless systems that will use adaptive array antennas. Signal attenuation through foliage was measured to be 0.4 dB/m for both co- and cross-polarized antenna configurations. Measured ground reflection coefficients for dirt and gravel ranged from 0.02 to 0.34, for incident angles ranging from 60° to 81° (with respect to the normal incidence of the surface). These data are useful for link budget design and site-specific (ray-tracing) models for future millimeter-wave communications systems.
Dendritic Cell-Tumor Fusion Vaccine Prevents Tumor Growthin Vivo (2007)

Dendritic cells (DCs) are potent antigen presenting cells that are uniquely effective in generating primary immune responses. DCs that are manipulated to present tumor antigens induce antitumor immunity in animal models and preclinical human studies. A myriad of strategies have been developed to load tumor antigen effectively onto DCs. DC-tumor fusion presents a spectrum of tumor-associated antigens to helper T- and cytotoxic T-cell populations in the context of DC-mediated costimulatory signals. In this study, fusion cells (FCs) were generated with MCA-102 fibrosarcoma cells and murine bone marrow-derived myeloid DCs. The FCs coexpressed the DC-derived MHC class II and costimulatory molecules. The FCs also retained the functional properties of DCs and stimulated syngeneic T cell proliferation and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production. Significantly, the results show that syngeneic T cells are primed by FCs to induce MHC class I-dependent lysis of MCA-102 fibrosarcoma. These findings indicate that fusions of tumor cells and DCs activate T-cell responses against syngeneic tumors.
Methods for true power minimization (2003)

This paper presents methods for efficient power minimization at circuit and micro-architectural levels. The potential energy savings are strongly related to the energy profile of a circuit. These savings are obtained by using gate sizing, supply voltage, and threshold voltage optimization, to minimize energy consumption subject to a delay constraint. The true power minimization is achieved when the energy reduction potentials of all tuning variables are balanced. We derive the sensitivity of energy to delay for each of the tuning variables, connecting its energy saving potential to the physical properties of the circuit. This helps to develop understanding of optimization performance and identify the most efficient techniques for energy reduction. The optimizations are applied to some examples that span typical circuit topologies including inverter chains, SRAM decoders, and adders. At a delay of 20% larger than the minimum, energy savings of 40% to 70% are possible, indicating that achieving peak performance is expensive in terms of energy. Energy savings of about 50% can be achieved without delay penalty with the balancing of sizes, supplies, and thresholds.
Development of an Automatic Analyzer for a Mixed Nitric Acid, Hydrofluoric Acid, and Iron Ion in the Pickling Process. (1997)

The method of sulfuric acid analysis is well established. At present, the concentration of sulfuric acid can be analyzed automatically on actual production lines by using neutralization titration method. With the case of a mixed solution of nitric and hydrofluoric acid, however, measuring each acid content and the concentration of iron contained therein with speed and accuracy suitable for actual operation is very difficult even using the presently available acid separation techniques. A primary reason for this is that no piece of equipment with that level of measuring capability has not been developed yet. In the preliminary studies, the followings are verified: (1) As a method of analyzing hydrofluoric acid, the iron-acetylacetone complex discoloration absorbance method is adopted. (2) As a method of analyzing nitric acid, the method of subtracting the concentration of hydrofluoric acid from the total acid amounts obtained by neutralization titration is adopted.(3) As a method of analyzing the iron content, the iron-salicylic acid complex absorbance method is adopted. By fully automating the series of analytical processes described above, the following are achieved: (1) The several hours needed to complete the analysis work can be shortened to about 40 min. Moreover, acid can be controlled with care and attention to detail, which will greatly contribute to the improvement of the quality of pickled coils. (2) The work load of line operators can be reduced, making substantial labor saving possible.
The p62/Keap1/Nrf2 axis in the control of C-2 induced human gastric cancer cell death switching between autophagy and apoptosis (2021)

Abstract Background Compound C-2 is a derivative of natural product Jaspine B and possesses anti-cancer activity against bladder cancer cells. However, little is known about its anti-cancer activity against gastric cancer. In this research, mechanism underlying anti-cancer effect of C-2 in gastric cancer cells was well investigated. Methods Anti-cancer activities of C-2 were determined by MTT, western blotting and flow cytometry. A serial of specific inhibitors, immunoprecipitation, siRNA and immunofluorescence were utilized to explore signaling pathways affected by C-2. Results C-2 induces apoptosis in gastric cancer cells through the internal mitochondrial pathway, and triggers autophagy in gastric cancer cells through JNK/ERK pathway. Phosphorylated JNK/ERK further activates Beclin1 via disturbing Beclin-1/Bcl-xL or Beclin-1/Bcl-2 complexes, leading to autophagy and up-regulated p62. Next, p62 competitively binds keap1 to release Nrf2, thus promoting translocation of Nrf2 from cytoplasm to nucleus and triggering expression of Nrf2 target genes. Pharmacological inhibition or knockdown of key proteins in autophagy attenuates C-2 induced cell apoptosis, indicating that autophagy antagonizes cell apoptosis induced by C-2. Conclusion C-2 possesses anti-tumor activity against gastric cancer cells, while C-2 triggered-autophagy antagonizes cell arrest and apoptosis induced by C-2 by upregulating Nrf2 in nucleus.
Systematic Performance Comparison of (Duobinary)-PAM-2,4 Signaling under Light and Strong Opto-Electronic Bandwidth Conditions (2021)

We present a systematic comparison of PAM-2 (NRZ), Duobinary-PAM-2, PAM-4, and Duobinary-PAM-4 (duo-quaternary) signaling in the context of short-reach photonic communications systems using a Mach–Zehnder modulator as transmitter. The effect on system performance with a relaxed and constrained system’s opto-electronic bandwidth is analyzed for bit rates ranging from 20 to 116 Gb/s. In contrast to previous analyses, our approach employs the same experimental and simulation conditions for all modulation formats. Consequently, we were able to confidently determine the performance limits of each format for particular values of bit rate, system bandwidth, transmitter chirp, and fiber dispersion. We demonstrate that Duobinary-PAM-4 is a good signaling choice only for bandwidth-limited systems operating at relatively high speed. Otherwise, PAM-4 represents a more sensible choice. Moreover, our analysis put forward the existence of transition points: specific bit rate values where the BER versus bit rate curves for two different formats cross each other. They indicate the bit rate values where, for specific system conditions, switching from one modulation to another guarantees optimum performance. Their existence naturally led to the proposal of a format-selective transceiver, a component that, according to network conditions, operates with the most adequate modulation format. Since all analyzed modulations share similar implementation details, signaling switching is achieved by simply changing the sampling point and threshold count at the receiver, bringing flexibility to IM/DD-based optical networks.
Uptake of carbon-11-methionine and fluorodeoxyglucose in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a PET study. (1991)

Uptake of L-[methyl-11C]methionine (11C-methionine) and [18F]-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) was studied with PET in 14 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. The low molecular weight fraction of venous plasma separated by fast gel filtration was used as the input function for 11C-methionine studies, and tracer accumulation was analyzed according to Patlak and Gjedde. The average uptake rate of 11C-methionine was 0.0775 +/- 0.0245 min-1 (s.d.) and of FDG 0.0355 +/- 0.0293 min-1, 11C-methionine uptake rate being significantly higher than that of FDG (p less than 0.01). Carbon-11-methionine accumulated strongly in all but one of the lymphomas. FDG accumulated clearly in lymphomas of high-grade malignancy, whereas two intermediate- and three low-grade malignant lymphomas had a poor uptake rate. The tumor/plasma ratio of both 11C-methionine and FDG increased faster in high and intermediate-grade lymphomas than in low-grade lymphomas, but there was considerable overlap between the histologic grades. Carbon-11-methionine seems to be preferable in detecting tumors, while FDG was superior to 11C-methionine in distinguishing the high-grade malignant lymphomas from the other grades.
Pre-eutectic densification in MgF/sub 2/-CaF/sub 2/ (1982)

Increased densification rates were found as much as 200/sup 0/C below the eutectic temperature (980/sup 0/C) for MgF/sub 2/ containing small amounts of CaF/sub 2/. Constant heating rate and constant temperature sintering data, as well as microstructural developments indicated that solid state grain-boundary transport rates had been enhanced by the eutectic forming additive. The effect saturated at about 1 wt % CaF/sub 2/. The results suggest that densification of ceramic powders could be favorably affected without a substantial increase in the grain growth rate, by the addition of small amounts of eutectic forming additives, and sintering below the eutectic temperature. 6 figures.
ON THE POSSIBLE FUNCTION OF COATED VESICLES IN MELANOGENESIS OF THE REGENERATING FOWL FEATHER (1971)

How tyrosinase becomes associated with the premelanosomes was investigated by histochemical demonstration of tyrosinase activity by the use of dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) in melanocytes of regenerating fowl feathers. The reaction product of DOPA was localized in the anastomosing membrane tubules associated with the concave side of some dictyosomes of the Golgi apparatus and in coated vesicles most of which were in connection with the dictyosomes. No reaction product was found in early premelanosomes. In premelanosomes, the reaction product of DOPA appears first in vesicles approximately 400 A in diameter which are surrounded by a matrix with a characteristic periodicity. These observations seem to allow the speculation that the coated vesicles function in the transport of tyrosinase, and that the premelanosomes are formed in a process which is not necessarily dependent on the Golgi apparatus as was assumed earlier.
CEP-751 inhibits trk receptor tyrosine kinase activityin vitro and exhibits anti-tumor activity (1997)

The present report describes the in vitro and in vivo profile of CEP-751, a novel receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor. CEP-751 at 100 nM inhibits the receptor tyrosine kinase activity of the neurotrophin receptors trkA, trkB and trkC. CEP-751 has no effect on activity of receptors for EGF, IGF-I, insulin or on erbB2; inhibition of receptors for PDGF and bFGF was observed but occurred with lesser potency than inhibition of trk. CEP-751 exhibited anti-tumor efficacy against tumors derived from NIH3T3 cells transfected with trkA. Inhibition of trk phosphorylation could also be measured in these tumors, suggesting that anti-tumor efficacy of CEP-751 is related to inhibition of trk receptor tyrosine kinase activity. CEP-751 was found to be without effect when administered to nude mice bearing SK-OV-3 tumors, which overexpress erbB2 receptors, providing further evidence that inhibition of tumor growth may be related to inhibition of trk receptor tyrosine kinase activity. Our data indicate that CEP-751 is a potent trk inhibitor which possesses anti-tumor activity.
Heat Killed Lactobacillus reuteri GMNL-263 Reduces Fibrosis Effects on the Liver and Heart in High Fat Diet-Hamsters via TGF-β Suppression (2015)

Obesity is one of the major risk factors for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and NAFLD is highly associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Scholars have suggested that certain probiotics may significantly impact cardiovascular health, particularly certain Lactobacillus species, such as Lactobacillus reuteri GMNL-263 (Lr263) probiotics, which have been shown to reduce obesity and arteriosclerosis in vivo. In the present study, we examined the potential of heat-killed bacteria to attenuate high fat diet (HFD)-induced hepatic and cardiac damages and the possible underlying mechanism of the positive effects of heat-killed Lr263 oral supplements. Heat-killed Lr263 treatments (625 and 3125 mg/kg-hamster/day) were provided as a daily supplement by oral gavage to HFD-fed hamsters for eight weeks. The results show that heat-killed Lr263 treatments reduce fatty liver syndrome. Moreover, heat-killed Lactobacillus reuteri GMNL-263 supplementation in HFD hamsters also reduced fibrosis in the liver and heart by reducing transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) expression levels. In conclusion, heat-killed Lr263 can reduce lipid metabolic stress in HFD hamsters and decrease the risk of fatty liver and cardiovascular disease.
Inverted Micelle (2016)

This Glossary of Terms Related to Pharmaceutics is needed by practitioners in the field of pharmaceutics as this field fulfills an important and crucial role, different from the roles of other scientific disciplines involved in the drugmaking process. The glossary contains 168 definitions used in pharmaceutics. These are related to various aspects of this discipline, such as: (1) physicochemical characterization of pharmaceutical preparations and the active ingredients they contain; (2) unit operations used in the practice of pharmaceutics; (3) terms related to the various dosage forms; (4) terms related to the various modes and routes of drug delivery; (5) terms used in pharmacokinetics and biopharmaceutics in general; and additional miscellaneous terms. The field of pharmaceutics itself is of a multidisciplinary nature as its practitioners come from a variety of disciplines, such as chemistry or various biological sciences, thus a glossary containing authoritative definitions would be useful for them. The terms used in pharmaceutics are rarely covered by existing glossaries, and in the cases they are, their definitions are often inappropriate for the field of pharmaceutics and require new or modified definitions to better fit the new context.