gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cloning and characterization of a conserved region of human and Rhesus macaque Pneumocystis carinii gpA (1995)

Although the genes encoding Pneumocystis carinii (Pc) glycoprotein A (gpA) display a high degree of host species-specific genotypic diversity, the Pc gpA derived from different host species share defined regions of significant homology in their primary amino acid (aa) structure. Using two degenerate oligodeoxyribonucleotide (oligo) primers corresponding to a conserved Cys region (Cys-primers) of the ferret (F), rat (R) and mouse (M) PcgpA, a 306-bp portion of the human (H) PcgpA was amplified from only one of three known HPc-infected lung samples using PCR. The deduced aa sequence of the HPc PCR product was 72% similar to the corresponding region of a published HPc gpA aa sequence. Because the conserved Cys-primers amplified only one of three samples of HPcgpA, a primer-pair was designed from sequences internal to the Cys-primer sequences of the HPcgpA PCR product (hPc). The hPc primers amplified the expected 254-bp product from each of the three HPc-infected lung DNA samples, suggesting that the Cys-primers may have either amplified a HPcgpA present in fewer copies in the genome of HPc or, alternatively, amplified a gene from an uncommon strain of Pc encoding an isoform variant of gpA not present in the other human isolates analyzed in this report. Restriction analysis of the amplified products demonstrated heterogeneity in the internal sequence, confirming that more than one gpA exists in HPc as well. To determine the relationship of HPcgpA to the gpA of Pc from another primate, the hPc primers were used successfully to amplify a 261-bp product from Pc-infected Rhesus macaque (Rm) lung genomic DNA. These results are consistent with our earlier findings that closely related host species are infected with Pc organisms encoding similar gpA, suggesting that the evolutionary divergence of Pc followed that of the mammalian host species.
Administration of encapsulated L-tryptophan improves duodenal starch digestion and increases gastrointestinal hormones secretions in beef cattle (2019)

Taken together, oral administration of RPL-T at the rate of 191.1 mg/kg BW consistently increased CCK concentration, pancreatic α-amylase activity in duodenal fluids, and starch digestion rate in the small intestine and thus found to be beneficial.
Functionality of tissue-resident CD8+ T-cells in the human gastrointestinal tract during chronic HIV-1 infection. (2017)

Abstract The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is an important site of HIV transmission and pathogenesis. Preventing or curing HIV infection will likely entail maintenance of protective anti-HIV immune responses in the GIT. Tissue resident memory T-cells (TRM) are long-lived, non-recirculating memory T-cells localized in tissues including the GIT. Positioned near sites of infection, TRM have protective efficacy against several pathogens. The precise role CD8+ TRM in HIV infection is not known. Blood and GIT CD8+ TRM cells from HIV+ and HIV- adults were identified by flow cytrometry using CD45RO, CD69, CD103, S1PR1, T-bet, and Eomesodermin (Eomes). Functionality was assessed in a 6-hour ex vivo stimulation assay. Cells were stimulated with DMSO, Gag, or Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B, and stained for CD107a, IFNγ, Mip-1β, TNFα, and IL-2. The frequency of CD103+CD69+S1PR1− CD8+ T-cells was significantly greater (P=0.005) in gut compared to blood (medians 54.8% and 0.10% respectively), indicative of tissue residency. CD45RO+ cells in this subset were classified as TRM. Consistent with murine studies, CD8+TRM were mainly T-betLowEomesNeg; however a population of EomesHigh CD8+ TRM emerged in HIV+ individuals not on antiretroviral therapy. Although polyfunctional Gag-specific CD8+ TRM responses (CD107a+, IFNγ+, Mip-1β+) appeared strongest in participants who control HIV without therapy ("controllers"), they constituted a smaller proportion of the total rectal Gag-specific CD8+ T-cell response compared to viremic participants not on ART (approximately 15% and 29% respectively). In summary, a large subset of CD8+ T-cells in rectal mucosa are TRM and likely play an important role in HIV-1 containment.
Deposit Decision Model for Data Brokers in Distributed Personal Data Markets Using Blockchain (2021)

Since personal data becomes a valuable asset for IT industries, the necessity of data ecosystems with personal data trading methodologies is continuously increased, and the concept of data brokers is now widely used in the market. Moreover, utilizing the advantages of blockchain, distributed personal data markets have recently been considered because all participants behave selfishly for their profits in the markets. Since the participants may behave maliciously, it is necessary to prevent such behavior, and one of the considered approaches is putting additional deposits as a penalty into blockchain smart contracts. Since data brokers give various advantages to maintain personal data trading markets, many studies have considered both data brokers and blockchain at the same time. However, those studies have mainly focused on putting deposits into data buyers/sellers but not data brokers. However, since data brokers are also major players in the market, it is necessary to consider deposit decision models for data brokers. Hence, this paper proposes a deposit decision model for data brokers in distributed personal data markets using blockchain. Particularly, this paper proposes a profit model with deposits depending on their behavior for handling contracts and a credit level model that puts fewer deposits for a data broker with a higher credit level to motivate the data brokers’ truthful behavior. With the analysis of the proposed models, this paper shows that the models are feasible to motivate data brokers’ truthful behavior by allocating deposits for not only a large enough penalty but also a fair enough incentive.
An Improved Total Synthesis of PET HSV‐tk Gene Expression Imaging Agent 9‐[(3‐[18F]Fluoro‐1‐hydroxy‐2‐propoxy)methyl]guanine ([18F]FHPG) (2004)

Abstract An improved total synthesis of [18F]FHPG starting from 1,3‐dibenzyloxy‐2‐propanol and guanine has been developed. [18F]FHPG was prepared by nucleophilic substitution of the appropriate precursor with [18F]KF/Kryptofix 2.2.2 followed by a quick deprotection reaction and purification with a simplified Silica Sep‐Pak solid‐phase extraction (SPE) method in 10–15% radiochemical yield, and 70 min synthesis time from end of bombardment (EOB).
Physical examination tests of the shoulder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test performance (2017)

The clinical performance of single PETS is limited. However, when the different PETS for SLAP lesions were pooled, we found a statistical significant change in post-test probability indicating an overall statistical validity. We suggest that clinicians choose their PETS among those with the highest pooled DOR and to assess validity to their own specific clinical settings, review the inclusion criteria of the included primary studies. We further propose that future studies on the validity of PETS use randomized research designs rather than the accuracy design relying less on well-established gold standard reference tests and efficient treatment options.
High serum free IL-18 is associated with decreased omalizumab efficacy: findings from a 2-year omalizumab treatment study (2020)

High baseline serum free IL-18 levels may predict reduced omalizumab efficacy in severe allergic patients with type-2 low asthma, regarding reduction of exacerbations.
Large-moment antiferromagnetic order in overdoped high- T c superconductor 154 SmFeAsO 1− x D x (2017)

In iron-based superconductors, high critical temperature (<i>T</i><sub>c</sub>) superconductivity over 50 K has only been accomplished in electron-doped <i>hRE</i>FeAsO (<i>hRE</i> is heavy rare earth (<i>RE</i>) element). Although <i>hRE</i>FeAsO has the highest bulk <i>T</i><sub>c</sub> (58 K), progress in understanding its physical properties has been relatively slow due to difficulties in achieving high-concentration electron doping and carrying out neutron experiments. Here, we present a systematic neutron powder diffraction study of <sup>154</sup>SmFeAsO<sub>1-<i>x</i></sub> D <sub><i>x</i></sub> , and the discovery of a long-range antiferromagnetic ordering with <i>x</i> ≥ 0.56 (AFM2) accompanying a structural transition from tetragonal to orthorhombic. Surprisingly, the Fe magnetic moment in AFM2 reaches a magnitude of 2.73 μ<sub>B</sub>/Fe, which is the largest in all nondoped iron pnictides and chalcogenides. Theoretical calculations suggest that the AFM2 phase originates in kinetic frustration of the Fe-3<i>d</i><sub><i>xy</i></sub> orbital, in which the nearest-neighbor hopping parameter becomes zero. The unique phase diagram, i.e., highest-<i>T</i><sub>c</sub> superconducting phase adjacent to the strongly correlated phase in electron-overdoped regime, yields important clues to the unconventional origins of superconductivity.
Doubly N-Functionalized Pentafulvenes and Redox-Responsive [N,N]- and [N,C,N]-Pincer Bis(imidoyl)pentamethylruthenocene Metalloligands (2010)

New doubly functionalized pentafulvenes are easily obtained by a regioselective one-pot reaction of sodium cyclopentadienide with imidoyl chlorides of different electrophilicity. Under thermodynamic control, benzimidoyl chlorides as electrophiles afford hydrogen-bridged 6-arylamino-2-benzimidoylfulvenes, whereas under kinetic control trifluoroacetimidoyl chlorides afford non-hydrogen-bridged 6-arylamino-3-imidoylfulvenes. Structurally, these [N,N]H fulvenes exist either as pairs of rapidly interconverting tautomers (fulvenes with intramolecular hydrogen bridges) or as regular fulvenes (fulvenes without intramolecular but with intermolecular hydrogen bridges) in solution and in the solid state, as shown by NMR studies and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Both types of fulvenes represent interesting ambidentate [N,N]H ligands per se as well as precursors to novel doubly functionalized bis(imidoyl)metallocenes. Synthetically, after deprotonation of these acceptor-substituted [N,N]H-fulvenes, 1,2- or 1,3-bis(imidoyl)pentamethylruthenocenes are easily accessible by reaction with [Cp*Ru(CH3CN)3]PF6 as a source of the electron-rich Cp*Ru+-synthon. Structurally, these new [N,N]-pentamethylruthenocene metalloligands are related to diazabutadienes or bis(imino)-[N,C,N]H pincer ligand systems, respectively. Electrochemical investigations show that the bis(imidoyl)(pentamethyl)ruthenocenes are novel redox-active metalloligands and reveal the strongly electron-withdrawing effect of the appended imine moieties. All new compounds were fully characterized by spectroscopic methods and by a total of 11 single-crystal X-ray analyses.
NANORIBBED TORSIONAL OSCILLATORS OPTIMIZED FOR HIGH-FREQUENCY FORCE SENSING (2004)

In this paper, we focus on ultrasensitive cantilevers for the detection of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) at frequencies that coincide with the nuclear spin precession (Larmor) frequency, around 1 MHz. The small size of these cantilevers precludes the usual practice of locating the reflective paddle near the tip, so a torsional configuration has to be used to allow the paddle to be situated at the distal end, providing improved optical access. These torsional oscillators, fabricated in part with electron-beam lithography, have ribs 200 nm wide and 1.5 m tall attached to arms 200 nm thick and 12 m long. Fabrication details and characterization results are presented.
Nano-Scale Wear Mechanisms in Polysilicon for MEMS Applications. (2007)

Abstract not provided.
Coulomb scattering between Maxwellian plasma and monoenergetic beam (1986)

The use of the theory of generalized function to solve the linearized Fokker–Planck equation for certain special cases is illustrated. As an example, an infinitely extended fusion plasma is considered where the lost particles are continuously refueled by injection of monoenergetic particles perpendicular to the magnetic field lines. The stationary velocity distribution of the injected particles during scattering with a Maxwellian background plasma is calculated. A local solution is presented for the case where the density of the non-Maxwellian component of the distribution is less than ∼10% of the total. Resulting plots of the velocity distribution are presented and the extension of the technique to other situations discussed.
On Key Features of the AEV Burner Engine Implementation for Operational Flexibility (2013)

Modern gas turbine combustors have to fulfill two major requirements. On the one hand they have to provide reliable operation with low emissions; on the other operational flexibility is of utmost importance. Alstom’s new AEV (Advanced EnVironmental) burner — an evolution of the proven EV burner technology — is one key feature to fulfill both on engine level. It can be operated on fuel gas and oil. In order to achieve low NOx emissions, modern combustors are operated in lean-premixed mode which is prone to thermoacoustic instabilities. This is accounted for by the implementation of multi-volume dampers. These dampers feature high damping performance in a broad low-frequency range thus widely enlarging the operating window. During transient operation, especially when switching from gaseous to liquid fuel and vice versa, the specific switching procedure with sophisticated fuel flow control schemes allows for a very smooth transmission. Another very important aspect is the optimization of leakage and cooling air into the combustion chamber. In order to validate the reduction of both, multiple thermal paint applications for fuel gas and oil operation in the full scale engine were performed at different engine loads up to baseload. In this paper, the AEV burner, broadband acoustic dampers, optimized cooling and leakage schemes, as well as innovative fuel switchover and operation concepts are described. It is shown that the combination of all of them makes the GT13E2 outstanding in fuel and operational flexibility featuring low emissions over the whole operating window.
Pilot Phase I/II Personalized Therapy Trial for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Evaluating the Feasibility of Protein Pathway Activation Mapping for Stratifying Patients to Therapy with Imatinib and Panitumumab (2014)

This nonrandomized phase I/II trial assessed the efficacy/tolerability of imatinib plus panitumumab in patients affected by metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) after stratification to treatment by selection of activated imatinib drug targets using reverse-phase protein array (RPPA). mCRC patients presenting with a biopsiable liver metastasis were enrolled. Allocation to the experimental and control arms was established using functional pathway activation mapping of c-Kit, PDGFR, and c-Abl phosphorylation by RPPA. The experimental arm received run-in escalation therapy with imatinib followed by panitumumab. The control arm received panitumumab alone. Seven patients were enrolled in the study. For three of the seven patients, sequential pre- and post-treatment biopsies were used to evaluate the effect of the therapeutic compounds on the drug targets and substrates. A decrease in the activation level of the drug targets and downstream substrates was observed in two of three patients. Combination therapy increased the activation of the AKT-mTOR pathway and several receptor tyrosine kinases. This study proposes a novel methodology for stratifying patients to personalized treatment based on the activation level of the drug targets. This workflow provides the ability to monitor changes in the signaling pathways after the administration of targeted therapies and to identify compensatory mechanisms.
Introduction (2014)

We live in an analog world, but we would like our digital computers to interact with it. Indeed, digital signal processing (DSP) has become pervasive. It is the basis for most modern consumer electronics, medical imaging devices, cell phones, internet protocol telephony, multimedia standards, speech processing, and a myriad of other products. Digital algorithms, implemented with microprocessors, are less pricey, easier to control, more robust, and more flexible than their analog counterparts, so that nowadays analog circuits are often replaced by digital chips. Digital data is also far easier to store, transmit, and manipulate than analog data. Therefore, in modern applications, an increasing number of functions are being pushed forward to sophisticated software algorithms, leaving only delicate finely tuned tasks for the circuit level. Nowadays, it feels natural that a media player shows our favorite movie, or that our surround system synthesizes pure acoustics, as if sitting in the orchestra, and not in the living room. The digital world plays a fundamental role in our everyday routine, to such a point that we almost forget that we cannot “hear” or “watch” these streams of bits, running behind the scenes. The world around us is analog, yet most modern man-made means for exchanging information are digital. “I am an analog girl in a digital world,” sings Judy Gorman [One Sky, 1998], capturing the essence of the digital revolution.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Fluorocyclopropanation of Chiral Allylic Alcohols Using an α‐Fluoroiodomethylzinc Carbenoid. (2016)

Abstract A highly diastereoselective fluorocyclopropanation of allylic alcohols (I), (IV), and (VI) and glyceraldehyde derived allylic ethers (VIII) and (X) is developed using fluorocarbenoid (II) as methylene source.
Pressure-induced quantum critical point in the heavily hydrogen-doped iron-based superconductor LaFeAsO (2019)

An iron-based superconductor ${\mathrm{LaFeAsO}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{H}}_{x}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}(0\ensuremath{\le}x\ensuremath{\le}0.6)$ undergoes two antiferromagnetic (AF) phases upon H doping. We investigated the second AF phase ($x=0.6$) using NMR techniques under pressure. At pressures up to 2 GPa, the ground state is a spin-density-wave state with a large gap; however, the gap closes at 4.0 GPa, suggesting a pressure-induced quantum critical point. Interestingly, the gapped excitation coexists with gapless magnetic fluctuations at pressures between 2 and 4 GPa. This coexistence is attributable to the lift up of the ${d}_{xy}$ orbital to the Fermi level, a Lifshitz transition under pressure.
ChemInform Abstract: Thio Sol‐Gel Process for the Synthesis of Titanium Disulfide. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A fuzzy information retrieval system (1994)

Presents an information retrieval system, based on fuzzy logic, capable of assessing if a database contains information pertinent to a subject of interest. The tool evaluates each record in the database via a fuzzy evaluator which attributes a fuzzy membership value indicating its relationship to such subject, thus providing an assessment for each record of the database and for the database as a whole regarding its pertinence to the subject of interest. The system has been developed for the examination of databases that were created during the development of the IBM 4381 computer systems, for bookkeeping purposes, to assess if such databases contain information pertinent to the functional changes that occurred during the development cycle. The system, however, can be applied with minimal changes to a variety of circumstances, provided that the fundamental assumptions for the development of the membership functions are respected in the new application.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
ChemInform Abstract: Perfluoro‐cis‐2,3‐dialkyloxaziridines: Effective Reagents for the Selective Oxidation of Ethers to Carbonyl Compounds. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Novel KChIP2 isoforms increase functional diversity of transient outward potassium currents (2004)

Kv4.3 channels conduct transient outward K(+) currents in the human heart and brain where they mediate the early phase of action potential repolarization. KChIP2 proteins are members of a new class of calcium sensors that modulate the surface expression and biophysical properties of Kv4 K(+) channels. Here we describe three novel isoforms of KChIP2 with an alternatively spliced C-terminus (KChIP2e, KChIP2f) or N-terminus (KChIP2g). KChIP2e and KChIP2f are expressed in the human atrium, whereas KChIP2g is predominantly expressed in the brain. The KChIP2 isoforms were coexpressed with Kv4.3 channels in Xenopus oocytes and currents recorded with two-microelectrode voltage-clamp techniques. KChIP2e caused a reduction in current amplitude, an acceleration of inactivation and a slowing of the recovery from inactivation of Kv4.3 currents. KChIP2f increased the current amplitude and slowed the rate of inactivation, but did not alter the recovery from inactivation or the voltage of half-maximal inactivation of Kv4.3 channels. KChIP2g increased current amplitudes, slowed the rate of inactivation and shifted the voltage of half-maximal inactivation to more negative potentials. The biophysical changes induced by these alternatively spliced KChIP2 proteins differ markedly from previously described KChIP2 proteins and would be expected to increase the diversity of native transient outward K(+) currents.
The gut-brain vascular axis in neuroinflammation (2023)

The multifaceted microbiota characterizing our gut plays a crucial role in maintaining immune, metabolic and tissue homeostasis of the intestine as well as of distal organs, including the central nervous system. Microbial dysbiosis is reported in several inflammatory intestinal diseases characterized by the impairment of the gut epithelial and vascular barriers, defined as leaky gut, and it is reported as a potential danger condition associated with the development of metabolic, inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, we pointed out the strict connection between the gut and the brain via a novel vascular axis. Here we want to deepen our knowledge on the gut-brain axis, with particular emphasis on the connection between microbial dysbiosis, leaky gut, cerebral and gut vascular barriers, and neurodegenerative diseases. The firm association between microbial dysbiosis and impairment of the vascular gut-brain axis will be summarized in the context of protection, amelioration or boosting of Alzheimer, Parkinson, Major depressive and Anxiety disorders. Understanding the relationship between disease pathophysiology, mucosal barrier function and host-microbe interaction will foster the use of the microbiome as biomarker for health and disease as well as a target for therapeutic and nutritional advances.