gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aged adipose derived stem cells are more proliferative and less responsive to differentiation cues (2009)

Adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) are mesenchymal stem cells that reside within the microvasculature of adipose tissue. Two questions regarding ADSCs that have not been adequately addressed are 1) whether the aging process adversely affects the potential of ADSCs for use in therapeutic applications and 2) whether age‐related changes in ADSCs contribute to increased adiposity observed in aging individuals. To address these questions, we obtained ADSCs from young and old rats and compared their ability to proliferate and differentiate into multiple cell lineages. ADSCs obtained from young and old animals exhibited the same phenotype; however, old ADSCs were more proliferative. When induced to undergo adipogenic or osteogenic differentiation, young ADSCs exhibited greater levels of staining for indicators of terminal differentiation and greater changes in the expression of several genes involved in differentiation. Our results suggest that ADSCs are subject to cell‐intrinsic aging mechanisms that render aged cells more proliferative and less responsive to differentiation cues than young cells even when cultured under identical conditions. This raises concern over the potential use of autologous ADSCs in therapeutic applications for elderly individuals and suggests that hyperproliferative ADSCs could play a role in the accumulation of adipose and adipose‐like tissue in aged individuals.
Big brother is watching you: eavesdropping to resolve family conflicts (2012)

Adult animals can eavesdrop on behavioral interactions between potential opponents to assess their competitive ability and motivation to contest resources without interacting directly with them. Surprisingly, eavesdropping is not yet considered as an important factor used to resolve conflicts between family members. In this study, we show that nestling barn owls (Tyto alba) competing for food eavesdrop on nestmates’ vocal interactions to assess the dominance status and food needs of opponents. During a first training playback session, we broadcasted to singleton bystander nestlings a simulated vocal interaction between 2 prerecorded individuals, 1 relatively old (i.e., senior) and 1 younger nestling (i.e., junior). One playback individual, the “responder,” called systematically just after the “initiator” playback individual, hence displaying a higher hunger level. To test whether nestlings have eavesdropped on this interaction, we broadcasted the same prerecorded individuals separately in a subsequent playback test session. Nestlings vocalized more rapidly after former initiators’ than responders’ calls and they produced more calls when the broadcasted individual was formerly a junior initiator. They chiefly challenged vocally juniors and initiators against whom the likelihood of winning a vocal contest is higher. Owlets, therefore, identified the age hierarchy between 2 competitors based on their vocalizations. They also memorized the dynamics of competitors’ previous vocal interactions, and used this information to optimally adjust signaling level once interacting with only 1 of the competitor. We conclude that siblings eavesdrop on one another to resolve conflicts over parental resources.
Power Control for D2D Underlay in Multi-cell Massive MIMO Networks (2019)

This paper proposes a new power control and<br> pilot allocation scheme for device-to-device (D2D) communication<br> underlaying a multi-cell massive MIMO system. In this scheme,<br> the cellular users in each cell get orthogonal pilots which are<br> reused with reuse factor one across cells, while the D2D pairs<br> share another set of orthogonal pilots. We derive a closed-form<br> capacity lower bound for the cellular users with different receive<br> processing schemes. In addition, we derive a capacity lower<br> bound for the D2D receivers and a closed-form approximation<br> of it. Then we provide a power control algorithm that maximizes<br> the minimum spectral efficiency (SE) of the users in the network.<br> Finally, we provide a numerical evaluation where we compare our<br> proposed power control algorithm with the maximum transmit<br> power case and the case of conventional multi-cell massive MIMO<br> without D2D communication. Based on the provided results, we<br> conclude that our proposed scheme increases the sum spectral<br> efficiency of multi-cell massive MIMO networks.
Table ST7 from ROS Induction Targets Persister Cancer Cells with Low Metabolic Activity in NRAS-Mutated Melanoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Table ST7: Clinical data of the 62 melanoma patient which tumor material was used for pharmacoscopy&lt;/p&gt;
Session 20 Overview: Digital-to-Analog Converters (2005)

Start of the above-titled section of the conference proceedings record.
Netherite (2022)

Serverless is a popular choice for cloud service architects because it can provide scalability and load-based billing with minimal developer effort. Functions-as-a-service (FaaS) are originally stateless, but emerging frameworks add stateful abstractions. For instance, the widely used Durable Functions (DF) allow developers to write advanced serverless applications, including reliable workflows and actors, in a programming language of choice. DF implicitly and continuosly persists the state and progress of applications, which greatly simplifies development, but can create an IOps bottleneck. To improve efficiency, we introduce Netherite, a novel architecture for executing serverless workflows on an elastic cluster. Netherite groups the numerous application objects into a smaller number of partitions, and pipelines the state persistence of each partition. This improves latency and throughput, as it enables workflow steps to group commit, even if causally dependent. Moreover, Netherite leverages FASTER's hybrid log approach to support larger-than-memory application state, and to enable efficient partition movement between compute hosts. Our evaluation shows that (a) Netherite achieves lower latency and higher throughput than the original DF engine, by more than an order of magnitude in some cases, and (b) that Netherite has lower latency than some commonly used alternatives, like AWS Step Functions or cloud storage triggers.
Improvement of CD stability and defectivity in resist coating and developing process in EUV lithography process (2018)

EUV lithography will to be brought into mass production soon. To enhance the yield, improvements in critical dimension (CD) stability, and defectivity still remain of utmost importance. In order to enhance the defectivity ability on contact hole (CH) pattern, continuous work has been executed.1 On 24 nm contact hole half pitch pattern, residue and single-closed hole modes still remain the majority of defects. The main cause of residue defects is that water droplets from the rinse process, in which resist components are absorbed, are dried out on the wafer leaving a remaining residue. While probable causes of single-closed hole are particles included in the coating material or stochastic failures. To reduce the residue defect counts and single-closed hole as caused by in-film particles, optimization of rinse process and material supply system have been carried out. As the result, 97 % of residue defect reduction and 73 % of single-closed hole defect improvement have been achieved as compared with conventional processes. On the other hand, not only coater/developer but also EUV scanner, mask, resist, etc. contribute to the CD variation.1 Global CD uniformity (CDU) is comprised of several components such as wafer-to-wafer CDU, field-to-field one, withinfield one. In this paper, optimization of development processes has been executed to improve field-to-field and within field CDU components. As a result of the optimization, 14 and 6.4 % of field-to-field and within-field CDU improvement have been achieved, respectively.
Dramatic reductions of in feed medication via immunization against enteric pathogens (2003)

The use of in-feed antimicrobials is coming under increased pressure in food animal production. Five field studies examined the impact of vaccines to stimulate protective immunity against pathogens commonly controlled with in-feed antimicrobials (Lawsonia intracellularis, a common enteric pathogen causing ileitis). Grow-finish pigs were immunized and various levels of in-feed antimicrobials used to control or prevent Lawsonia were removed.
A Causal Roadmap for Generating High-Quality Real-World Evidence (2023)

Increasing emphasis on the use of real-world evidence (RWE) to support clinical policy and regulatory decision-making has led to a proliferation of guidance, advice, and frameworks from regulatory agencies, academia, professional societies, and industry. A broad spectrum of studies use real-world data (RWD) to produce RWE, ranging from randomized controlled trials with outcomes assessed using RWD to fully observational studies. Yet many RWE study proposals lack sufficient detail to evaluate adequacy, and many analyses of RWD suffer from implausible assumptions, other methodological flaws, or inappropriate interpretations. The Causal Roadmap is an explicit, itemized, iterative process that guides investigators to pre-specify analytic study designs; it addresses a wide range of guidance within a single framework. By requiring transparent evaluation of causal assumptions and facilitating objective comparisons of design and analysis choices based on pre-specified criteria, the Roadmap can help investigators to evaluate the quality of evidence that a given study is likely to produce, specify a study to generate high-quality RWE, and communicate effectively with regulatory agencies and other stakeholders. This paper aims to disseminate and extend the Causal Roadmap framework for use by clinical and translational researchers, with companion papers demonstrating application of the Causal Roadmap for specific use cases.
Bifunctional Electrocatalysts: Self‐Anti‐Stacking 2D Metal Phosphide Loop‐Sheet Heterostructures by Edge‐Topological Regulation for Highly Efficient Water Oxidation (Small 7/2021) (2021)

2D metal phosphide loop-sheet heterostructures are controllably synthesized by edge-topological regulation, where Ni2P nanosheets are edge-confined by the N-doped carbon loop containing ultrafine NiFeP nanocrystals. In article number 2006860, Johnny C. Ho and co-workers report that the loop-sheet feature with lifted-edges can prevent the self-stacking of 2D nanosheets and induce accessible open channels for catalytic site exposure and charge carriers/mass transfer, resulting in a remarkable oxygen evolution activity.
Synergistic Combination of Plasma Sputtered Pd–Au Bimetallic Nanoparticles for Catalytic Methane Combustion (2011)

Pd–Au bimetallic nanoparticles supported by silicon carbide have been prepared by plasma sputtering deposition and employed as the catalyst for methane combustion. It is found that the bimetallic nanoparticles consist of tightly-coupled Pd and Au particles, which are neither Pd–Au alloyed nor core–shell structured. The catalytic activity increases with the Pd loading in the catalysts. When the temperature is higher than 520 °C, Pd catalysts have an obvious drop in the catalytic activity due to the decomposition of PdO. However, the introduction of Au can delay and weaken the drop. It is indicated that there exists a synergistic combination between Pd and Au: oxygen transfers from Pd to Au at a temperature lower than 520 °C and from Au to Pd at higher temperature. Transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results further confirm the synergistic combination.
Evaluating Multi-Agent Robotic Systems Using Ground Truth (2004)

A thorough empirical evaluation of multi-agent robotic systems is greatly facilitated if the true state of the world over time can be obtained. The accuracy of the beliefs as well as the overall performance can then be measured objectively and efficiently. In this paper we present a system for determining the ground truth state of the world, similar to the ceiling cameras used in RoboCup small-size league. We have used this ground truth data to evaluate the accuracy of the selfand object-localization of the robots in our RoboCup mid-size league team, the AGILO RoboCuppers. More complex models of the state estimation module have also been learned. These models provide insight into the workings and shortcomings of this module, and can be used to improve it.
710 TMS-PET as a Measure of Functional Effective Connectivity of the Human Supplementary Motor Area (2000)

Tandon, Nitin MD; Fox, Peter MD; Narayana, Shalini PhD; Iyer, Meenakshi PhD; Lancaster, Jack PhD; Vollmer, Dennis G. , MD
Evaluating the imagine stream architecture (2004)

This paper describes an experimental evaluation of the prototype Imagine stream processor. Imagine (Kapasi et al., 2002) is a stream processor that employs a two-level register hierarchy with 9.7 Kbytes of local register file capacity and 128 Kbytes of stream register file (SRF) capacity to capture producer-consumer locality in stream applications. Parallelism is exploited using an array of 48 floating-point arithmetic units organized as eight SIMD clusters with a 6-wide VLIW per cluster. We evaluate the performance of each aspect of the Imagine architecture using a set of synthetic micro-benchmarks, key media processing kernels, and full applications. These micro-benchmarks show that the prototype hardware can attain 7.96 GFLOPS or 25.4 GOPS of arithmetic performance, 12.7 Gbytes/s of SRF bandwidth, 1.58 Gbytes/s of memory system bandwidth, and accept up to 2 million stream processor instructions per second from a host processor. On a set of media processing kernels, Imagine sustained an average of 43% of peak arithmetic performance. An evaluation of full applications provides a breakdown of where execution time is spent. Over full applications, Imagine achieves 39.4% of peak performance, of the remainder on average 36.4% of time is lost due to load imbalance between arithmetic units in the VLIW clusters and limited instruction-level parallelism within kernel inner loops, 10.6% is due to kernel startup and shutdown overhead because of short stream lengths, 7.6% is due to memory stalls, and the rest is due to insufficient host processor bandwidth. Further analysis included in the paper presents the impact of host instruction bandwidth on application performance, particularly on smaller datasets. In summary, the experimental measurements described in this paper demonstrate the high performance and efficiency of stream processing: operating at 200 MHz, Imagine sustains 4.81 GFLOPS on QR decomposition while dissipating 7.42 Watts.
Atomic Layer Deposition of Tin Monosulfide Thin Films (2011)

Abstract Thin film solar cells made from earth‐abundant, non‐toxic materials are needed to replace the current technology that uses Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se) 2 and CdTe, which contain scarce and toxic elements. One promising candidate absorber material is tin monosulfide (SnS). In this report, pure, stoichiometric, single‐phase SnS films were obtained by atomic layer deposition (ALD) using the reaction of bis( N , N′‐ diisopropylacetamidinato)tin(II) [Sn(MeC(N‐ i Pr) 2 ) 2 ] and hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) at low temperatures (100 to 200 °C). The direct optical band gap of SnS is around 1.3 eV and strong optical absorption ( α &gt; 10 4 cm −1 ) is observed throughout the visible and near‐infrared spectral regions. The films are p‐type semiconductors with carrier concentration on the order of 10 16 cm −3 and hole mobility 0.82–15.3 cm 2 V −1 s −1 in the plane of the films. The electrical properties are anisotropic, with three times higher mobility in the direction through the film, compared to the in‐plane direction.
Viable porcine arteriviruses with deletions proximal to the 3′ end of the genome (2001)

In order to obtain attenuated live vaccine candidates of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), a series of deletions was introduced at the 3' end of the viral genome using an infectious cDNA clone of the Lelystad virus isolate. RNA transcripts from the full-length cDNA clones were transfected into BHK-21 cells. The culture supernatant of these cells was subsequently used to infect porcine alveolar macrophages to detect the production of progeny virus. It is shown that C-terminal truncation of the nucleocapsid (N) protein, encoded by ORF7, was tolerated for up to six amino acids without blocking the production of infectious virus. Mutants containing larger deletions produced neither virus nor virus-like particles containing viral RNA. Deletion analysis of the 3' UTR immediately downstream of ORF7 showed that infectious virus was still produced after removal of seven nucleotides behind the stop codon of ORF7. Deletion of 32 nucleotides in this region abolished RNA replication and, consequently, no infectious virus was formed. Serial passage on porcine alveolar macrophages demonstrated that the viable deletion mutants were genetically stable at the site of mutation. In addition, the deletions did not affect the growth properties of the recombinant viruses in vitro, while their antigenic profiles were similar to that of wild-type virus. Immunoprecipitation experiments with the six-residue N protein-deletion mutant confirmed that the truncated protein was indeed smaller than the wild-type N protein. The deletion mutants produced in this study are interesting candidate vaccines to prevent PRRS disease in pigs.
Computer-Aided Usability Evaluation of In-Vehicle Infotainment Systems (2014)

This paper reports the development of a computer-aided engineering (CAE) software for human machine interface (HMI) designers to predict and benchmark the usability of in-vehicle infotainment systems. At the front end of the software a graphic user interface (GUI) was developed that allows HMI designers to create digital mockups of designs and setup the tasks for simulation. At the back end a digital driver was created for simulating the driver cognition and performance based on the cognitive architecture of QN-MHP (Queuing Network-Model Human Processor). The software is able to simulate a driver performing in-vehicle secondary tasks (e.g., tuning radios) while steering a vehicle, make quantitative predictions of the driver’s task performance and workload. To validate the software outputs, an experiment was conducted on a driving simulator with two typical in-vehicle infotainment systems (a physical panel and a touch screen), and a radio tuning task was used as a test case. The results show that the software is able to generate task performance and workload estimates that are similar to the empirical data from human participants.
3D Architectures for Batteries and Electrodes (2020)

Abstract The previous decade has witnessed the emergence of 3D architectures in battery electrodes, in fully functioning batteries and in the computational modeling supporting these activities. In this paper, the most important strides made in achieving these accomplishments are identified: developing design concepts for wiring 3D electrodes, understanding the inherently non‐uniform current and voltage distributions in non‐planar geometries, and demonstrating the fabrication of spatially complex 3D structures in miniaturized systems. 3D batteries represent one of the most promising approaches for creating miniaturized power sources for Internet of Things‐based applications and future efforts towards integrating modeling, 3D electrode design, and enhanced fabrication are expected to lead to rapid advancement in the development of this technology.
Variceal Ligation, Sclerotherapy, and Other Hemostatic Techniques for Varices and Other Lesions (2012)

Endoscopic therapy plays an important role in the management of gastroesophageal variceal hemorrhage. Band ligation is the preferred endoscopic modality for the treatment of acute esophageal variceal bleeding and for primary and secondary prophylaxis of esophageal varices. Endoscopic sclerotherapy is associated with a higher rate of complications than variceal ligation, and its role is limited to the control of active bleeding when band ligation is technically difficult or fails. Cyanoacrylate injection is the endoscopic treatment of choice for bleeding fundal varices since band ligation and sclerotherapy are associated with high rebleeding rates. Endoscopic therapy is not effective for bleeding portal hypertensive gastropathy, but can be beneficial for gastric vascular ectasia. For the latter, argon plasma coagulation is considered first-line therapy, but cryotherapy and band ligation are promising alternative treatment modalities.
Multivariate Analysis of Factors Associated With Kyphosis Maintenance in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (2012)

Our multivariate analysis demonstrates that in patients with AIS who have thoracic hypokyphosis as part of their deformity, certain factors must be taken into account in the preoperative planning to prevent hypokyphosis after surgical correction.
Photoredox Catalysis for Silyl‐Mediated C–H Alkylation of Heterocycles with Non‐Activated Alkyl Bromides (2019)

The development of a Minisci reaction of electron‐deficient heteroarenes with non‐activated alkyl bromides under visible‐light photoredox catalysis is disclosed. Optimization of the reaction led to identification of mild, general, and practical reaction conditions compatible with sensitive functional groups. The scope of this transformation allowed late‐stage functionalization of pharmaceutical products containing electron‐deficient heteroarenes in a parallel fashion.
Attenuation of Persistent Experimental Pancreatitis Pain by a Bradykinin B2 Receptor Antagonist (2010)

These results suggest that blockade of peripheral or spinal BK B2 receptors may be an effective approach for diminishing pain associated with pancreatitis. Moreover, it is suggested that spinal dynorphin may maintain pancreatitis pain through direct or indirect activation of BK B2 receptors in the spinal cord.
Elevated risk of invasive group A streptococcal disease and host genetic variation in the human leucocyte antigen locus (2019)

Invasive group A streptococcal (GAS) disease is uncommon but carries a high case-fatality rate relative to other infectious diseases. Given the ubiquity of mild GAS infections, it remains unclear why healthy individuals will occasionally develop life-threatening infections, raising the possibility of host genetic predisposition. Here, we present the results of a case-control study including 43 invasive GAS cases and 1540 controls. Using HLA imputation and linear mixed models, we find each copy of the HLA-DQA1*01:03 allele associates with a twofold increased risk of disease (odds ratio 2.3, 95% confidence interval 1.3-4.4, P = 0.009), an association which persists with classical HLA typing of a subset of cases and analysis with an alternative large control dataset with validated HLA data. Moreover, we propose the association is driven by the allele itself rather than the background haplotype. Overall this finding provides impetus for further investigation of the immunogenetic basis of this devastating bacterial disease.
Decreased frequency of adenoidectomy by a 12-week nasal budesonide treatment (2017)

AH children who had improved after an initial 2-week budesonide therapy can achieve clinical improvements and decreased frequency of adenoidectomy following the therapy with a 12-week treatment with nasal budesonide.