gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The steroid binding domain influences intracellular solubility of the baculovirus overexpressed glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors (1993)

The expression and formation of the oligomeric steroid binding form of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) were further examined in the baculovirus expression system. Analysis of the steroid binding ability and accumulation of the GR and MR in recombinant baculovirus-infected insect cells revealed that only 0.35% of the total expressed receptors are actually assembled into cytoplasmic oligomeric receptor complexes. The majority of the overexpressed GR and MR, which amounts to 50 pg/cell, appear to self-aggregate and form insoluble aggregates which fractionate with the nucleus. We believe that this large amount of receptors far exceeds the limited amounts of hsp90, hsp70, and other cellular factors which are required to assemble the heteromeric receptor complex. Attempts to assemble the GR and the MR in vivo by coexpression of the receptors with hsp90 or hsp70 failed to cause any increase in the formation of the steroid binding receptor complex and also in preventing the aggregation of the receptors. On the other hand, in vitro incubation of monomeric GR or MR partially purified from the insoluble receptor aggregates with reticulocyte lysate resulted in complete reconstitution of the oligomeric receptor complex with a concomitant restoration of full steroid binding ability. These data suggest that interaction of hsp90 with the GR or the MR is complex and highly regulated and requires the participation of other cellular factors which are limited in insect cells but can be supplied in vitro by reticulocyte lysate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Lasermesstechnik (2014)

No AccessHandbuch Bauelemente der OptikApr 2014LasermesstechnikMartin Löffler-MangMartin Löffler-Manghttps://doi.org/10.3139/9783446441156.023SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to FavoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsCopy LTI LinkPDF key 'share (en)' returned an object instead of string.FacebookTwitterEmailLinkedIn previous chapternext chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2014Pages: 665-683Print ISBN: 978-3-446-42625-2eISBN: 978-3-446-44115-6 Copyright & Permissions© 2014 Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KGPDF DownloadLoading ...
A comparative study of fMPE and RDLT approaches to LVCSR (2012)

This paper presents a comparative study of two discriminatively trained feature transform approaches, namely feature-space minimum phone error (fMPE) and region-dependent linear transform (RDLT), to large vocabulary continuous speech recognition (LVCSR). Experiments are performed on an LVCSR task of conversational telephone speech transcription using about 2,000 hours training data. Starting from a maximum likelihood (ML) trained GMM-HMM based baseline system, recognition accuracy and run-time efficiency of different variants of the above two methods are evaluated, and a specific RDLT approach is identified and recommended for deployment in LVCSR applications.
Simple and strong: twisted silver painted nylon artificial muscle actuated by Joule heating (2014)

Highly oriented nylon and polyethylene fibres shrink in length when heated and expand in diameter. By twisting and then coiling monofilaments of these materials to form helical springs, the anisotropic thermal expansion has recently been shown to enable tensile actuation of up to 49% upon heating. Joule heating, by passing a current through a conductive coating on the surface of the filament, is a convenient method of controlling actuation. In previously reported work this has been done using highly flexible carbon nanotube sheets or commercially available silver coated fibres. In this work silver paint is used as the Joule heating element at the surface of the muscle. Up to 29% linear actuation is observed with energy and power densities reaching 840 kJ m<sup>-3</sup> (528 J kg<sup>-1</sup>) and 1.1 kW kg<sup>-1</sup> (operating at 0.1 Hz, 4% strain, 1.4 kg load). This simple coating method is readily accessible and can be applied to any polymer filament. Effective use of this technique relies on uniform coating to avoid temperature gradients.
Reduction of JNK1 expression with antisense oligonucleotide improves adiposity in obese mice (2008)

To investigate the role of JNK1 in metabolism, male ob/ob and diet-induced obese mice were treated with a JNK1-specific antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) or control ASO at 25 mg/kg or saline twice/wk for 6 and 7 wk, respectively. JNK1 ASO reduced JNK1 mRNA and activity by 65-95% in liver and fat tissues in both models. Compared with controls, treatment with JNK1 ASO did not change food intake but lowered body weight, fat pad weight, and whole body fat content. The treatment increased metabolic rate. In addition, the treatment markedly reduced plasma cholesterol levels and improved liver steatosis and insulin sensitivity. These positive observations were accompanied by the following changes: 1) increased mRNA levels of AR-beta(3) and UCP1 by >60% in BAT, 2) reduced mRNA levels of ACC1, ACC2, FAS, SCD1, DGAT1, DGAT2, and RBP4 by 30-60% in WAT, and 3) reduced mRNA levels of ACC1, FAS, G-6-Pase, and PKCepsilon by 40-70% and increased levels of UCP2 and PPARalpha by more than twofold in liver. JNK1 ASO-treated mice demonstrated reduced levels of pIRS-1 Ser(302) and pIRS-1 Ser(307) and increased levels of pAkt Ser(473) in liver and fat in response to insulin. JNK1 ASO-transfected mouse hepatocytes showed decreased rates of de novo sterol and fatty acid synthesis and an increased rate of fatty acid oxidation. These results indicate that inhibition of JNK1 expression in major peripheral tissues can improve adiposity via increasing fuel combustion and decreasing lipogenesis and could therefore provide clinical benefit for the treatment of obesity and related metabolic abnormalities.
Long-Term Prediction of Prostate Cancer: Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Velocity Is Predictive but Does Not Improve the Predictive Accuracy of a Single PSA Measurement 15 Years or More Before Cancer Diagnosis in a Large, Representative, Unscreened Population (2008)

Although PSA velocity is significantly increased in men with prostate cancer up to two decades before diagnosis, it does not aid long-term prediction of prostate cancer.
Symbiosis of a P2‐family phage and deep‐sea Shewanella putrefaciens (2019)

Almost all bacterial genomes harbour prophages, yet it remains unknown why prophages integrate into tRNA-related genes. Approximately 1/3 of Shewanella isolates harbour a prophage at the tmRNA (ssrA) gene. Here, we discovered a P2-family prophage integrated at the 3'-end of ssrA in the deep-sea bacterium S. putrefaciens. We found that ~0.1% of host cells are lysed to release P2 constitutively during host growth. P2 phage production is induced by a prophage-encoded Rep protein and its excision is induced by the Cox protein. We also found that P2 genome excision leads to the disruption of wobble base pairing of SsrA due to site-specific recombination, thus disrupting the trans-translation function of SsrA. We further demonstrated that P2 excision greatly hinders growth in seawater medium and inhibits biofilm formation. Complementation with a functional SsrA in the P2-excised strain completely restores the growth defects in seawater medium and partially restores biofilm formation. Additionally, we found that products of the P2 genes also increase biofilm formation. Taken together, this study illustrates a symbiotic relationship between P2 and its marine host, thus providing multiple benefits for both sides when a phage is integrated but suffers from reduced fitness when the prophage is excised.
Optical Interconnection for High-speed Routers (2011)

Electric power consumed by routers and switches is rapidly increasing with expanding flow of information. To suppress the increasing power consumption, optics has been expected to play an important role for interconnects of such network equipments. We describe the advanced optical interconnecting technologies: highly-efficient optical devices and electrical circuits, and their integration for compact optical modules operating at high-speed with low-power consumption. The interconnecting technology will open up highly energy efficient routers /switches supporting advanced network functions.
A new HID Ballast Concept (1976)

A ballast should accomplish more than merely operating an HID lamp at a given voltage and current. Lamp tolerances and changing characteristics during the lamp's operating life must be accommodated by the ballast. High open circuit voltages that can be several times the line voltage must be provided to initiate and sustain an arc. The authors discuss a new concept that provides many benefits for HID lamp operation.
Strength and toughness of composite materials based on nickel aluminide matrices (1989)

Several nickel aluminide matrix composites were prepared using vacuum hot pressing techniques. The matrix compositions, based on Ni3Al, Ni3Al+B, and NiAl, were reinforced with 10 vol pct TiB2 particles. Both smooth- and notched-bend tests were conducted at room temperature on the monolithic as well as the reinforced materials in order to determine the effects of TiB2 reinforcement on both the smooth-bend and notched-bend properties. TiB2 additions were shown to improve the smooth-bend strengths regardless of the matrix composition, while notched-bend tests, conducted to provide estimates of fracture toughness, revealed somewhat lower values for the composites in comparison to the monolithic materials. Fractographic analyses and in situ fracture observations of the composites revealed that preferential fracture in regions of clustered TiB2 particles may significantly affect the measured toughnesses.
Oxidation of Triarylphosphines, Tetraaryldiphosphine and Cyclopolyphosphanes. Electrochemical and ESR Studies (1987)

Abstract Electrochemical oxidation of a series of triarylphosphines and tetraaryldiphosphines was investigated by pulse voltammetry and cyclic voltammetry. Phosphines and diphosphines bearing only very bulky aryl groups (Mesityl, Duryl, Xylyl) show a reversible one-electron oxidation process. The resultant cation radicals are very persistent and their ESR features are easily obtained at room temperature. Unlike their nitrogen analogs, triarylphosphoniumyl radicals and tetraaryldiphospine cation radicals both exhibit a pyramidal geometry.
International recommendations on the diagnosis and treatment of acquired hemophilia A (2020)

Acquired hemophilia A (AHA), a rare bleeding disorder caused by neutralizing autoantibodies against coagulation factor VIII (FVIII), occurs in both men and women without a previous history of bleeding. Patients typically present with an isolated prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time due to FVIII deficiency. Neutralizing antibodies (inhibitors) are detected using the Nijmegen-modified Bethesda assay. Approximately 10% of patients do not present with bleeding and, therefore, a prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time should never be ignored prior to invasive procedures. Control of acute bleeding and prevention of injuries that may provoke bleeding are top priorities in patients with AHA. We recommend treatment with bypassing agents, including recombinant activated factor VII, activated prothrombin complex concentrate, or recombinant porcine FVIII in bleeding patients. Autoantibody eradication can be achieved with immunosuppressive therapy, including corticosteroids, cyclophosphamide and rituximab, or combinations thereof. The median time to remission is 5 weeks, with considerable interindividual variation. FVIII activity at presentation, inhibitor titer and autoantibody isotype are prognostic markers for remission and survival. Comparative clinical studies to support treatment recommendations for AHA do not exist; therefore, we provide practical consensus guidance based on recent registry findings and the authors' clinical experience in treating patients with AHA.
Making sense of healthcare benefits (2012)

A key piece of information in healthcare is a patient's benefit plan. It details which treatments and procedures are covered by the health insurer (or payer), and at which conditions. While the most accurate and complete implementation of the plan resides in the payer's claims adjudication systems, the inherent complexity of these systems forces payers to maintain multiple repositories of benefit information for other service and regulatory needs. In this paper we present a technology that deals with this complexity. We show how a large US health payer benefited from using the visualization, search, summarization and other capabilities of the technology. We argue that this technology can be used to improve productivity and reduce error rate in the benefits administration workflow, leading to lower administrative overhead and cost for health payers, which benefits both payers and patients.
Hybrid Distributed Coordination Function for Next-Generation High-Bandwidth WLANs (2006)

IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol in distributed coordination function (DCF) mode is not scalable as the number of contending users increases. In this paper, we propose two new contention resolution schemes to reduce the number of collisions due to a large number of contending users. The first scheme, hybrid DCF (H-DCF), splits the monolithic contention resolution into two phases to enhance scalability. The other scheme, enhanced hybrid DCF (EH-DCF), provides fairness with the current IEEE 802.11 MAC and yet improves the efficiency of contention resolution. The major contribution of our work is to provide inter-operability with the IEEE 802.11 DCF as well as an efficient channel access, unlike the previous works. We conduct comprehensive simulation experiments by using an ns-2 simulator to demonstrate the advantages of these two schemes. The results show that they improve network performance by up to 10~30%, compared to the original IEEE 802.11 DCF. Therefore, H-DCF and EH-DCF can be good candidates for MAC protocols for hotspots where numerous users access wireless LANs intensively
Micromachined instraluminal devices for active and passive electromagnetic measurement of flow (2005)

This paper outlines architectures for implantable (active and passive) sub-systems intended for monitoring of intraluminal blood flow by electromagnetic transduction, and presents the fabrication and test results of select components within these sub-systems. Central to both schemes is a ring-shaped intraluminal stainless steel cuff with two electrodes. In the presence of a magnetic field, it produces a voltage proportional to the flow velocity. It is fabricated by micro-electro-discharge machining and deployed by an angioplasty balloon. Cuffs deployed within 3-mm i.d. silicone tubes demonstrate linear and symmetric responses of 3.1-4.3 /spl mu/V per cm/sec over 180 cm/sec with magnetic fields of about 0.25 T. In the passive monitoring scheme, voltage from the cuff modulates a varactor that is also connected to an antenna stent (stentenna). This approach is explored using a hybrid diode for the varactor and a stentenna deployed within a mock artery. Preliminary tests in saline indicate that an external transmitting coil will experience shifts in phase spectrum of 2.0-3.3 KHz/mV of output from the cuff.
Control and path planning of a walk-assist robot using differential flatness (2010)

With the growth of elderly population in our society, technology will play an important role in providing functional mobility to humans. In this paper, we propose a robot walking helper with both passive and active control modes of guidance. From the perspective of human safety, the passive mode adopts the braking control law on the wheels to differentially steer the vehicle. The active mode can guide the user efficiently when the passive control with user-applied force is not adequate for guidance. The theory of differential flatness is used to plan the trajectory of control gains within the proposed scheme of the controller. Since the user input force is not known a-priori, the theory of model predictive control is used to periodically compute the trajectory of these control gains. The simulation results show that the walking assist robot, along with the structure of this proposed control scheme, can guide the user to a goal effectively.
Application of human factors engineering (HFE) to the design of a naloxone auto-injector for the treatment of opioid emergencies (2016)

The increased use of opioids for chronic treatment of pain and the resulting epidemic of opioid overdoses have created a major public health challenge. Parenteral naloxone has been used since the 1970's to treat opioid overdose. Recently, a novel naloxone auto-injector device (EVZIO, kaleo, Inc., Richmond, VA) was approved by the Food and Drug Administration. In this article, we review the Human Factors Engineering (HFE) process used in the development and testing of this novel naloxone auto-injector currently used in nonmedical settings for the emergency treatment of known or suspected opioid overdose. HFE methods were employed throughout the product development process for the naloxone auto-injector including formative and summative studies in order to optimize the auto-injector's user interface, mitigate use-related hazards and increase reliability during an opioid emergency use scenario. HFE was also used to optimize the product's design and user interface in order to reduce or prevent user confusion and misuse. The naloxone auto-injector went through a rigorous HFE process that included perceptual, cognitive, and physical action analysis; formative usability evaluations; use error analysis and summative design validation studies. Applying HFE resulted in the development of a product that is safe, fast, easy and predictably reliable to deliver a potentially life-saving dose of naloxone during an opioid overdose emergency. The naloxone auto-injector may be considered as a universal precaution option for at-risk patients prescribed opioids or those who are at increased risk for an opioid overdose emergency.
Effects of Malathion on Humoral Immunity and Macrophage Function in Mast Cell-Deficient Mice (1996)

Malathion, when administered at noncholinergic doses, was previously shown to enhance the humoral immune response to a T dependent antigen, sheep red blood cells (SRBC), and macrophage function. In addition, malathion was shown to cause mast cell degranulation. The hypothesis that mast cells contribute to the observed alterations in humoral immunity and macrophage function was determined by examination of the effects of acute administration of malathion to mast cell-deficient mice on macrophage function and the generation of a humoral immune response to SRBC. Initial studies in two strains of mast cell-deficient mice (6–7 weeks old) indicated that oral administration of malathion reduced macrophage function in these mice, but enhanced macrophage function in the wild-type strain. Because both strains reacted in a similar fashion and the defect in the WBB6F1-W/WV strain allowed reconstitution, further studies were conducted with this strain. Exposure of either wild-type mice or mast cell-deficient mice with reconstituted with bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMC) from the wild-type mice to malathion enhanced macrophage function and the production of circulating IgM, but not IgG, antibodies to SRBC on Days 3 and 5 after immunization. In contrast, administration of malathion to older mast cell-deficient mice suppressed the generation of IgM and IgG antibodies to SRBC on Days 3 and 5 after immunization, but did not affect macrophage function. In summary, the results presented indicate that the presence of mast cells was necessary for the increases in macrophage function and humoral immunity observed after acute oral administration of malathion to mice.
Supplementary Table 2 from Genome-Wide Promoter Analysis Uncovers Portions of the Cancer Methylome (2023)

Supplementary Table 2 from Genome-Wide Promoter Analysis Uncovers Portions of the Cancer Methylome
Shared Mechanisms between Cardiovascular Disease and NAFLD (2022)

The burden of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is rising globally. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in patients with NAFLD. Nearly half of individuals with NAFLD have coronary heart disease, and more than a third have carotid artery atherosclerosis. Individuals with NAFLD are at a substantially higher risk of fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events. NAFLD and cardiovascular disease share multiple common disease mechanisms, such as systemic inflammation, insulin resistance, genetic risk variants, and gut microbial dysbiosis. In this review, we discuss the epidemiology of cardiovascular disease in NAFLD, and highlight common risk factors. In addition, we examine recent advances evaluating the shared disease mechanisms between NAFLD and cardiovascular disease. In conclusion, multidisciplinary collaborations are required to further our understanding of the complex relationship between NAFLD and cardiovascular disease and potentially identify therapeutic targets.
Tunable Optical Gap at a Fixed Lattice Constant in Group-IV Semiconductor Alloys (2009)

A direct absorption edge tunable between 0.8 and approximately 1.4 eV is demonstrated in strain-free ternary Ge_{1-x-y}Si_{x}Sn_{y} alloys epitaxially grown on Ge-buffered Si. This decoupling of electronic structure and lattice parameter-unprecedented in group-IV alloys-opens up new possibilities in silicon photonics, particularly in the field of photovoltaics. The compositional dependence of the direct band gap in Ge_{1-x-y}Si_{x}Sn_{y} exhibits a nonmonotonic behavior that is explained in terms of coexisting small and giant bowing parameters in the two-dimensional compositional space.
Modulation of the substrate specificity of the kinase PDK1 by distinct conformations of the full-length protein (2023)

The activation of at least 23 different mammalian kinases requires the phosphorylation of their hydrophobic motifs by the kinase PDK1. A linker connects the phosphoinositide-binding PH domain to the catalytic domain, which contains a docking site for substrates called the PIF pocket. Here, we used a chemical biology approach to show that PDK1 existed in equilibrium between at least three distinct conformations with differing substrate specificities. The inositol polyphosphate derivative HYG8 bound to the PH domain and disrupted PDK1 dimerization by stabilizing a monomeric conformation in which the PH domain associated with the catalytic domain and the PIF pocket was accessible. In the absence of lipids, HYG8 potently inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt (also termed PKB) but did not affect the intrinsic activity of PDK1 or the phosphorylation of SGK, which requires docking to the PIF pocket. In contrast, the small-molecule valsartan bound to the PIF pocket and stabilized a second distinct monomeric conformation. Our study reveals dynamic conformations of full-length PDK1 in which the location of the linker and the PH domain relative to the catalytic domain determines the selective phosphorylation of PDK1 substrates. The study further suggests new approaches for the design of drugs to selectively modulate signaling downstream of PDK1.
A MEMS-Tunable Polarization Rotator for PICs (2022)

We describe a micromechanically-tunable polarization rotator for photonic integrated circuits. A suspended micro-mechanical (MEMS) beam enables symmetry-breaking mode perturbation and polarization rotation. Vertical actuation results in tunable rotation over 90 degrees and full TE-TM conversion.