gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Patient with Post‐Hepatitis B Immune Deficiency: Nonspecific Helper Factor Partially Restores the in vitro Immune Response1 (1981)

A patient with severe post-hepatitis B aplastic anemia had depressed B and T cell responses. In mixed leukocyte culture, her cell were unresponsive to unrelated control stimulating cells, but responded well to a pool of cells from the same unrelated controls. She had reduced production of lymphocyte mitogenic factor (MF), suggesting a helper cell defect, and she had few or no cells reactive with the monoclonal anti-T cell antibodies OKT3, OKT4 or OKT5. Her cells proliferated in response to MF produced by a pool of cells without mitogen, however. Furthermore, her cells became specifically cytotoxic when stimulated by cells plus MF, but not when stimulated by either cells or MF alone. Thus her T cell deficiency was correctable by nonspecific helper factor in vitro.
Effects of intralesional interferon on neuroblastoma: Changes in histology and DNA content distribution of tumor masses (1981)

Local injections of interferon, 30 X 10(4) IU, ten times, were found to reduce masses of neuroblastoma. Histologic findings and nuclear DNA measurements of cells from tumors in which interferon has been injected compared with cells from tumors that did not receive injections demonstrated that the reduction of neuroblastoma masses by interferon did not depend on increased cell differentiation or on interruption of tumor cell production. Although the mechanism of interferon's action on reducing neuroblastoma is unknown, the disappearance of tumor cells may be caused by high levels of interferon in tumor tissues.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Screening of 2‐Substituted 5,6‐Dihydro‐5‐oxo‐4H‐1,3,4‐oxadiazine‐4‐propanenitriles and of Their Intermediates. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Changes of MCC Surface during Enzymatic Hydrolysis (2010)

セルロース結晶領域の酵素加水分解メカニズム解明のため比較的大きなセルロース微結晶における反応初期の変化を調べた。固定したバクテリアセルロースの微結晶セルロースにTrichoderma粗酵素，セロビオハイドロラーゼI（CBHI（現在はCel7A）），セルロース結合モジュール（CBM）およびチオレドキシン（Trx）との組換えCBM（Trx-CBM）を50℃で10-30分間作用させた。粗酵素処理では微結晶のフィブリル化や末端の先細り，Iαの選択的分解が認められた。CBM，CBHI，Trx-CBM処理では微結晶表面に割れが生じるが，CBMでは浅く，CBHIでは深く，セルロース分解機能を持たないTrx-CBMでも深い割れが観察され，分子間，分子内水素結合にも変化が見られた。酵素分解は，CBMが微結晶表面に吸着して割れを生成後，体積の大きい触媒モジュールがくさびのように割れを拡大すると推論できる。
Capillary separation methods: a key to high efficiency and improved detection capabilities. Plenary lecture (1984)

The current status of capillary separation techniques is reviewed. While capillary gas chromatography has reached a degree of maturity with respect to both column technology and instrumental systems, capillary separations with the condensed mobile phases still present many challenges to future developments. At present, micro-column liquid chromatography offers both chromatographic performance and novel detection techniques owing to the very low flow-rates encountered with this method; some unique applications have already appeared. Capillary supercritical fluid chromatography has also attracted much attention during the last 2 years because of its unique position between gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. High-voltage capillary electrophoresis shares some instrumental aspects with the remaining capillary techniques, but also offers some distinct advantages of its own.
Linear optical response in silicon and germanium including self-energy effects (1989)

We calculate the optical response of silicon, ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{1}$(\ensuremath{\omega}), below the optical-absorption threshold and the static dielectric constant of germanium. The time-dependent local-density approximation (LDA) is modified by the addition of a self-energy term taken to be a ``scissors operator,'' ${P}_{c\mathrm{k}}$${\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{\mathrm{k}}$. This form leads to a Ward identity replacement p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}(${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{n\mathrm{k}}$-${H}_{\mathrm{k}}^{\mathrm{LDA}{)}^{\ensuremath{-}1}}$ (${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{n\mathrm{k}}$-${H}_{\mathrm{k}}$)p. For silicon, we obtain 11.3 for ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{1}$(\ensuremath{\omega}=0), compared to 11.7 for experiment, 13.1 in our LDA calculation, and 8.4 in a naive self-energy corrected theory (i.e., simply modifying the eigenvalues without modifying the momentum operator). For germanium, the corresonding values as 16.5, 15.8, 21.3 and 10.4
Evaluation of participants' contributions in knowledge creation based on semantic authoring (2007)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate participants' contributions to the development of discussion and knowledge creation as organizational knowledge management, and thereby help them better develop the discussion. Design/methodology/approach To evaluate participants' contributions more accurately, a method which analyzes discussion structures by Discourse Semantic Authoring was employed, which represents discussion structures explicitly in terms of discourse and dialogue relations. Findings The method successfully evaluates participants based on the content of their comments rather than their number. More fine‐grain semantic structure should be considered in order to improve the accuracy of this evaluation. Originality/value This paper presents a first attempt to analyze discussion structures to evaluate participants' contributions.
Decoloration rates of a photomerocyanine dye as a visual probe into hydrogen bonding interactions (2015)

We have developed a visual marker for the investigation of hydrogen bonding (HB) effects. The decoloration rate of a photochromic dye that incorporates a latent intra-molecular HB feature can be linked to the HB character of the media. Kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of this simple decoloration approach for HB sensing are investigated both experimentally and by high level theoretical studies. This principle has been applied for the detection of changes in the HB character of stationary and fluidic systems. A major finding is the observation of a shear-related perturbation of the balance between intra- and inter-molecular HB within a dynamic thin film.
Multigenome DNA sequence conservation identifies Hox cis-regulatory elements (2008)

To learn how well ungapped sequence comparisons of multiple species can predict cis-regulatory elements in Caenorhabditis elegans, we made such predictions across the large, complex ceh-13/lin-39 locus and tested them transgenically. We also examined how prediction quality varied with different genomes and parameters in our comparisons. Specifically, we sequenced approximately 0.5% of the C. brenneri and C. sp. 3 PS1010 genomes, and compared five Caenorhabditis genomes (C. elegans, C. briggsae, C. brenneri, C. remanei, and C. sp. 3 PS1010) to find regulatory elements in 22.8 kb of noncoding sequence from the ceh-13/lin-39 Hox subcluster. We developed the MUSSA program to find ungapped DNA sequences with N-way transitive conservation, applied it to the ceh-13/lin-39 locus, and transgenically assayed 21 regions with both high and low degrees of conservation. This identified 10 functional regulatory elements whose activities matched known ceh-13/lin-39 expression, with 100% specificity and a 77% recovery rate. One element was so well conserved that a similar mouse Hox cluster sequence recapitulated the native nematode expression pattern when tested in worms. Our findings suggest that ungapped sequence comparisons can predict regulatory elements genome-wide.
Efficient Fine-Tuning of Compressed Language Models with Learners (2022)

Fine-tuning BERT-based models is resource-intensive in memory, computation, and time. While many prior works aim to improve inference efficiency via compression techniques, e.g., pruning, these works do not explicitly address the computational challenges of training to downstream tasks. We introduce Learner modules and priming, novel methods for fine-tuning that exploit the overparameterization of pre-trained language models to gain benefits in convergence speed and resource utilization. Learner modules navigate the double bind of 1) training efficiently by fine-tuning a subset of parameters, and 2) training effectively by ensuring quick convergence and high metric scores. Our results on DistilBERT demonstrate that learners perform on par with or surpass the baselines. Learners train 7x fewer parameters than state-of-the-art methods on GLUE. On CoLA, learners fine-tune 20% faster, and have significantly lower resource utilization.
Fabrication of Nanometer-Scale Features by Controlled Isotropic Wet Chemical Etching (2001)

An inexpensive fabrication technique for transferring the edges of a patterned mask layer into an underlying, thin metal film is found in controlled undercutting by isotropic wet etching. This technique generates structures with critical dimensions as small as 50 nm (see Figure) in a thin film of chromium or aluminum and it is useful for structures that do not require multiple-level registration and that are tolerant of defects.
Vasoactive Actions of Local Anaesthetics on Human Isolated Umbilical Veins and Arteries (1990)

The use of local anesthetics for labor and delivery has been associated with a variety of maternal and fetal effects. Some effects, such as fetal bradycardia after a paracervical block, might arise from the effects of local anesthetics on umbilical vessels. The current study was designed to assess if commonly used local anesthetics have a direct effect on umbilical vessels and what effect they have on vessels contracted by a known activator.
Nanoscale Engineering of Inorganic Composite Scintillation Materials (2021)

This review article considers the latest developments in the field of inorganic scintillation materials. Modern trends in the improvement of inorganic scintillation materials are based on engineering their features at the nanoscale level. The essential challenges to the fundamental steps of the technology of inorganic glass, glass ceramics, and ceramic scintillation materials are discussed. The advantage of co-precipitation over the solid-state synthesis of the raw material compositions, particularly those which include high vapor components is described. Methods to improve the scintillation parameters of the glass to the level of single crystals are considered. The move to crystalline systems with the compositional disorder to improve their scintillation properties is justified both theoretically and practically. A benefit of the implementation of the discussed matters into the technology of well-known glass and crystalline scintillation materials is demonstrated.
Computer-aided comparative investigation of architecture influence on block copolymer phase diagrams (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTComputer-aided comparative investigation of architecture influence on block copolymer phase diagramsA. V. Dobrynin and I. Ya. ErukhimovichCite this: Macromolecules 1993, 26, 2, 276–281Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00054a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00054a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views349Altmetric-Citations108LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Low-Level Expression of Proapoptotic Bcl-2–Interacting Mediator in Leukemic Cells in Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: Role of BCR/ABL, Characterization of Underlying Signaling Pathways, and Reexpression by Novel Pharmacologic Compounds (2005)

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative disease in which BCR/ABL enhances survival of leukemic cells through modulation of proapoptotic and antiapoptotic molecules. Recent data suggest that proapoptotic Bcl-2-interacting mediator (Bim) plays a role as a tumor suppressor in myeloid cells, and that leukemic cells express only low amounts of this cell death activator. We here show that primary CML cells express significantly lower amounts of bim mRNA and Bim protein compared with normal cells. The BCR/ABL inhibitors imatinib and AMN107 were found to promote expression of Bim in CML cells. To provide direct evidence for the role of BCR/ABL in Bim modulation, we employed Ba/F3 cells with doxycycline-inducible expression of BCR/ABL and found that BCR/ABL decreases expression of bim mRNA and Bim protein in these cells. The BCR/ABL-induced decrease in expression of Bim was found to be a posttranscriptional event that depended on signaling through the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway and was abrogated by the proteasome inhibitor MG132. Interestingly, MG132 up-regulated the expression of bim mRNA and Bim protein and suppressed the growth of Ba/F3 cells containing wild-type BCR/ABL or imatinib-resistant mutants of BCR/ABL. To show functional significance of "Bim reexpression," a Bim-specific small interfering RNA was applied and found to rescue BCR/ABL-transformed leukemic cells from imatinib-induced cell death. In summary, our data identify BCR/ABL as a Bim suppressor in CML cells and suggest that reexpression of Bim by novel tyrosine kinase inhibitors, proteasome inhibition, or by targeting signaling pathways downstream of BCR/ABL may be an attractive therapeutic approach in imatinib-resistant CML.
FibroScan-AST (FAST) score for the non-invasive identification of patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis with significant activity and fibrosis: a prospective derivation and global validation study (2020)

Echosens and UK National Institute for Health Research.
Antibodies as delivery vehicles for radioimmunotherapy of infectious diseases (2005)

The field of infectious diseases is in crisis and there is a need for strategies that can facilitate the rapid development of new antimicrobial agents. Radioimmunotherapy (RIT), a therapeutic modality originally developed for cancer treatment, has recently been suggested as a novel therapy for the treatment of a variety of infectious diseases. Because specific antibodies are used in RIT as delivery vehicles of cytocidal radiation, their molecular weight influences the nonspecific accumulation in infectious foci and blood clearance, and their affinity-specific accumulation of antibodies in infectious foci. Like the problems encountered in oncology, relevant variables in the development of RIT of infectious diseases include target antigen-shedding; delivering radionuclides to infectious foci in organs, abscesses, granulomas, heart and brain, and potential safety concerns. Dadachova and Casadevall anticipate that RIT can be developed for many types of infectious diseases, including microbes resistant to conventional antimicrobial therapy and agents of biological warfare.
Centrosomal protein of 192 kDa (Cep192) promotes centrosome-driven spindle assembly by engaging in organelle-specific Aurora A activation (2010)

Centrosomes are primary microtubule (MT)-organizing centers (MTOCs). During mitosis, they dramatically increase their size and MT-nucleating activity and participate in spindle assembly from spindle poles. These events require the serine/threonine kinase, Aurora A (AurA), and the centrosomal protein of 192 kDa (Cep192)/spindle defective 2 (Spd-2), but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. We have found that Cep192, unlike targeting protein for Xklp2 (TPX2), a known MT-localizing AurA activator, is an AurA cofactor in centrosome-driven spindle assembly. Cep192, through a direct interaction, targets AurA to mitotic centrosomes where the locally accumulating AurA forms homodimers or oligomers. The dimerization of endogenous AurA, in the presence of bound Cep192, triggers potent kinase activation that, in turn, drives MT assembly. Depletion of Cep192 or specific interference with AurA-Cep192 binding did not prevent AurA oligomerization on MTs but abrogated AurA recruitment to centrosomes and its activation by either sperm nuclei or anti-AurA antibody (αAurA)-induced dimerization. In these settings, MT assembly by both centrosomes and αAurA-coated beads was also abolished or severely compromised. Hence, Cep192 activates AurA by a mechanism different from that previously described for TPX2. The Cep192-mediated mechanism maximizes AurA activity at centrosomes and appears essential for the function of these organelles as MTOCs.
Processing of types I and III procollagen in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type VII. (1986)

The processing of types I and III procollagen was studied in skin fibroblast cultures from type VII A and B of the Ehlers-Danlos syndrome [EDS] and age-matched controls. Synthesis of collagenous proteins was significantly increased in EDS type VII B, and the activities of prolyl-4-hydroxylase and galactosylhydroxylysyl glucosyltransferase were slightly increased in these cell lines, reflecting increased biosynthesis of collagen. The synthesis of collagenous proteins was close to normal in EDS type VII A cells. The synthesis of type III procollagen per cell was increased, as also was the ratio of immunoreactive type III procollagen to total collagen production. The activity of type I procollagen amino-terminal proteinase was decreased in skin fibroblasts of type VII A and normal in those of type VII B relative to cell protein or DNA. Type III amino-terminal proteinase activity was of a level found in normal cells when expressed relative to the protein or DNA, and the release of type III amino-terminal propeptides was nevertheless not disturbed in these EDS type VII cell cultures. The results show that only the conversion of type I procollagen is defective in EDS type VII, and no general defect in procollagen processing can be found in EDS type VII as has been suggested in the case of dermatosparaxis, a connective tissue disorder in animals caused by disturbed procollagen conversion.
Principles of Ion Chromatographic Separations (2000)

This chapter contains sections titled: Basic Chromatographic Considerations Ion-Exchange Equilibria Selectivity of Sulfonated Cation-Exchange Resin for Metal Cations Separation of Divalent Metal Ions with a Complexing Eluent
RoboCupRescue 2011 - Robot League Team resko@UniKoblenz (Germany) (2011)

This paper describes the approach of team resko@UniKoblenz for the RoboCup Rescue competition 2011. Our mobile system Robbie is based on a MobileRobots Pioneer 3 AT. On this platform, an aluminum rack is installed where additional sensors are attached: three color cameras (Philips SPC1330NC), two actively controlled Hokuyo UTM-30LX laser range finders (LRFs), three low-resolution thermal sensors and an inertial measurement unit. The robot can be operated in an autonomous and in a teleoperated mode. The map building is done by the computer automatically by merging the collected LRF data with the odometry information using a Hyper Particle Filter in 2D and in 3D an ICP based approach. The automatic victim detection is based on the thermal sensors and color cameras. Robbie was developed and improved at the University of Koblenz-Landau (Germany) in several practical courses during the last couple of years. The robot was used by the team resko@UniKoblenz at the RoboCup German Open 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2010 and at the RoboCup World Championship 2007 in Atlanta (GA, USA), 2008 in Suzhou (China) and 2009 in Graz (Austria). The team achieved the Best in Class Autonomy Award in six of these competitions.
Data from Identification of the Genes Up- and Down-Regulated by the High Mobility Group A1 (HMGA1) Proteins (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;High mobility group A (HMGA) proteins are chromatinic proteins that do not have transcriptional activity &lt;i&gt;per se&lt;/i&gt;, however, by interacting with the transcription machinery, they regulate, negatively or positively, the expression of several genes. We searched for genes regulated by HMGA1 proteins using microarray analysis in embryonic stem (ES) cells bearing one or two disrupted &lt;i&gt;hmga1&lt;/i&gt; alleles. We identified 87 transcripts increased and 163 transcripts decreased of at least 4-fold in &lt;i&gt;hmga1&lt;/i&gt;−/− ES cells. For some of them, a HMGA1-dose dependency was observed, because an intermediate level was observed in the heterozygous ES cells. When the expression analysis of these genes was extended to embryonic fibroblasts and adult tissues such as heart, spleen, and liver from &lt;i&gt;hmga1&lt;/i&gt;-knockout mice, contrasting results were obtained. In fact, aside some genes showing the same HMGA1 regulation observed in ES cells, there were some genes that did not modify their expression, and others showing a HMGA1-mediated regulation but in an opposite direction. These results clearly indicate that HMGA1-mediated gene regulation depends on the cellular context. Finally for a couple of analyzed HMGA1-regulated genes, electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed a direct binding of HMGA1 proteins to their promoters, suggesting a HMGA1-direct regulation of their expression.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
A Large Dendritic Multiporphyrin Array as a Mimic of the Bacterial Light-Harvesting Antenna Complex: Molecular Design of an Efficient Energy Funnel for Visible Photons (2001)

π-Electronic conjugation is not necessary to facilitate long-range energy migration and transfer: A rapid (k<sub>ENT</sub> =1.04×10<sup>9</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> ) and efficient (Φ<sub>EXT</sub> =71 %) energy transfer from the 28 photoexcited zinc porphyrin units to the focal free-base porphyrin unit occurs in a large, star-shaped dendritic multiporphyrin array in which the chromophore units are linked through flexible ether groups.
Mechanical properties of GUMMETAL and its Application for Springs (2004)

So-called “super-elastic materials” like TiNi alloys having large elastic deformability have widely been used for the frame of glasses, the antenna of mobile phones and so on. On the other hand, the unique Ti alloys which have low elastic modulus, high strength and large elastic deformability are developed by Toyota Central R&D., Inc.. These new developed alloys named “GUMMETAL” are put into practical application for the frame of glasses. The alloy belongs to β(bcc)type Ti alloy and the Young's modulus in room temperature is as small as about 40GPa with the 2.5% of elastic deformability to be classified as a super-elasticity. Furthermore, they have nonlinear and nonhysteresis properties without following Hook's law. The authers found them very attractive for applying to new springs having unique characteristics. So, a workshop is established to study the optimum heat treatment condition for spring application observing the accompanying metal structure. Then three kind of spring (compression-, tension- and torsion-type springs) were examined for spring characteristics and discussed their merits in comparison with conventional steel springs.