gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Progress in Emission Efficiency of Organic Light-Emitting Diodes: Basic Understanding and Its Technical Application (2013)

The technical history of when and how the basic understanding of the emission efficiency of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) was established over the last 50 years is described. At first, our understanding of emission efficiency in single-crystal and thin-film electroluminescence (EL) devices in the early stages before the Eastman-Kodak breakthrough, that is, the introduction of the concept of multilayer structures, is examined. Then our contemplation travels from the Eastman-Kodak breakthrough towards the presently widely accepted concept of emission efficiency. The essential issues concerning the emission efficiency of OLEDs are summarized to help readers to obtain a common understanding of OLED efficiency problems, and detailed discussions on the primary factors that determine emission efficiency are given. Finally, some comments on remaining issues are presented.
1-Oxaspiro[4.4]nonan-6-ones. Synthetic Access via Oxonium Ion Technology, Optical Resolution, and Conversion into Enantiopure Spirocyclic α,β-Butenolides (2001)

A general approach to the synthesis of enantiomerically pure spirocyclic alpha,beta-butenolides is presented where the fundamental framework is rapidly elaborated by acid- or bromonium ion-induced rearrangement of the carbinol derived by addition of 2-lithio-4,5-dihydrofuran to cyclobutanone. Subsequent resolution of the resulting ketones by either sulfoximine or mandelate acetal technology has been applied effectively. The availability of these building blocks makes possible in turn the acquisition of the enantiomers of dihydrofurans typified by 17, 35, and 38 and lactones such as 25 and 31, as well as the targeted title compounds. Complementary reductions of the early intermediates provide the added advantage that the alpha- and beta-stereoisomeric carbinol series can be obtained on demand. These capabilities have been coordinated to allow the crafting of any member of the series in relatively few steps.
Room Temperature Debonding - An Enabling Technology for TSV and 3D Integration (2012)

Thin wafer processing is a critical technology for TSV manufacturing and 3D integration. Thin wafer processing allows to reduce the aspect ratio of the vias, thereby reducing the total processing cost and enables ultra-thin packages for handheld applications. Temporary bonding to a rigid support carrier and debonding after backside processing have been used for thin wafer handling/processing for many years. However, so far all the debonding methods imposed severe limitations on the manufacturability. For light induced debonding the carrier had to be transparent and for solvent based debonding the carrier had to be perforated. For thermally induced debonding, “slide-off debonding” the debonding temperature had to be below the reflow temperature of the solder bumps, which limited the maximal process temperature of the adhesive. In this paper we describe a new debonding method at room temperature. This new technology decouples the debonding process from the adhesive properties, which creates a de facto material independent debonding standard. As the debonding process does not rely on the adhesive properties a major boundary for adhesive engineering has been removed. The debonding method is compatible with bumps or pillars in the bond interface as well as on the backside of the wafer stack. No force is applied on the bumps during debonding which results in very high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidation and Reduction (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Uniform engineering of distributed control systems - The VAN approach (2007)

Within this work in progress paper, a concept for uniform engineering of wide-area Distributed Control Systems (DCS), ranging from Local Area Networks (LANs) to Wide Area Networks (WANs), and forming "Virtual Automation Networks" will be presented. Based on this heterogeneous communication infrastructure, incorporating all kinds of communication technologies, the basic concept of a DCS ranging from the automation device and network topology a uniform engineering concept and integration strategies to manage such systems will be introduced.
Oncostatin M is produced by neutrophils, and promotes epithelial barrier dysfunction in mucosal airways disease (2016)

Abstract We have previously shown that Oncostatin M (OSM) was elevated in nasal polyp (NP) tissue from chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients, and in BAL fluid following segmental allergen challenge (SAC) in allergic asthmatics (AA). Levels of OSM detected in vivo were sufficient to impair epithelial barrier function in ex vivo cultured airway epithelium. To determine which cell type(s) was producing OSM, NP sections were stained for OSM and hematopoietic cell specific markers. OSM showed co-localization with neutrophil elastase(n=10), but not with markers for eosinophils, macrophages, T cells or B cells (n=3–5). OSM mRNA correlated with mRNA for neutrophil markers CD16 (r=.61, p&amp;lt;.01) and cathepsin G (r=.56, p&amp;lt;.01) in mRNA from CRS patients and controls. OSM also correlated with the percent neutrophils in the BAL of AA following SAC (r=.50, p&amp;lt;.05), but did not correlate with total cell counts or eosinophil counts. Flow cytometric analysis of cells isolated from NP (n=10) showed that 14±6% of CD45+ cells were OSM+, and 85±6% of OSM+ cells were CD16+Siglec 8-, indicating neutrophil lineage. GM-CSF and FSTL-1 have been shown to induce OSM, and both were found to be elevated in NP. Additionally, GM-CSF, alone or in combination with FSTL-1, was sufficient to induce both OSM mRNA in ex vivo cultured blood neutrophils and OSM protein in the culture supernatants. These data suggest that neutrophils are the major producers of OSM in NP, and may potentially mediate epithelial barrier dysfunction in mucosal airways disease.
Elevated free hemoglobin and decreased haptoglobin levels are associated with adverse clinical outcomes, unfavorable physiologic measures, and altered inflammatory markers in pediatric cardiac surgery patients (2018)

Elevated pre- and postoperative levels of free Hb and decreased levels of haptoglobin were associated with adverse clinical outcomes, inflammation, and unfavorable physiologic metrics. Transfusion, RACHS score, and duration of bypass were associated with increased free Hb and decreased haptoglobin. Further investigation of the role of hemolysis and haptoglobin as potential mediators or markers of outcomes is warranted.
Search for dark photons in rare $Z$ boson decays with the ATLAS detector (2023)

A search for events with a dark photon produced in association with a dark Higgs boson via rare decays of the standard model Z boson is presented, using 139 fb^{-1} of sqrt[s]=13 TeV proton-proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The dark boson decays into a pair of dark photons, and at least two of the three dark photons must each decay into a pair of electrons or muons, resulting in at least two same-flavor opposite-charge lepton pairs in the final state. The data are found to be consistent with the background prediction, and upper limits are set on the dark photon's coupling to the dark Higgs boson times the kinetic mixing between the standard model photon and the dark photon, α_{D}ϵ^{2}, in the dark photon mass range of [5, 40] GeV except for the ϒ mass window [8.8, 11.1] GeV. This search explores new parameter space not previously excluded by other experiments.
Well-defined redox-active polymers and block copolymers prepared by living ring-opening metathesis polymerization (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTWell-defined redox-active polymers and block copolymers prepared by living ring-opening metathesis polymerizationD. Albagli, G. Bazan, M. S. Wrighton, and R. R. SchrockCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 11, 4150–4158Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00037a017https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00037a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views607Altmetric-Citations83LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
New Water-Soluble Cytokinin Derivatives and Their Beneficial Impact on Barley Yield and Photosynthesis (2022)

Solubility of growth regulators is essential for their use in agriculture. Four new cytokinin salts─6-benzylaminopurine mesylate (<b>1</b>), 6-(2-hydroxybenzylamino)purine mesylate (<b>2</b>), 6-(3-hydroxybenzylamino)purine mesylate (<b>3</b>), and 6-(3-methoxybenzylamino)purine mesylate (<b>4</b>)─were synthesized, and their crystal structures were determined to clarify structural influence on water solubility. The mesylates were several orders of magnitude more water-soluble than the parent CKs. The new salts significantly reduced chlorophyll degradation and impairment of photosystem II functionality in barley leaf segments undergoing artificial senescence and had pronounced effects on the leaves' endogenous CK pools, maintaining high concentrations of functional metabolites for several days, unlike canonical CKs. A foliar treatment with <b>1</b> and <b>3</b> increased the harvest yield of spring barley by up to 8% when compared to treatment with the parent CKs while also increasing the number of productive tillers. This effect was attributed to the higher bioavailability of the mesylate salts and the avoidance of dimethyl sulfoxide exposure.
Supplementary Figure 2 and 3 from Local Delivery of <i>Ox40l</i>, <i>Cd80</i>, and <i>Cd86</i> mRNA Kindles Global Anticancer Immunity (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S2. OX40L, CD80 and CD86 mRNA-CART treatment induce long lasting protection against re-challenge with the same tumor cell line. Supplementary Figure S3. OX40L, CD80 and CD86 mRNA-CART treatment do not result in long term elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in serum of treated mice.&lt;/p&gt;
Evidence for a retinal progenitor cell in the postnatal and adult mouse (2017)

Progress in cell therapy for retinal disorders has been challenging. Recognized retinal progenitors are a heterogeneous population of cells that lack surface markers for the isolation of live cells for clinical implementation. In the present application, our objective was to use the stem cell factor receptor c-Kit (CD117), a surface marker, to isolate and evaluate a distinct progenitor cell population from retinas of postnatal and adult mice. Here we report that, by combining traditional methods with fate mapping, we have identified a c-Kit-positive (c-Kit<sup>+</sup>) retinal progenitor cell (RPC) that is self-renewing and clonogenic in vitro, and capable of generating many cell types in vitro and in vivo. Based on cell lineage tracing, significant subpopulations of photoreceptors in the outer nuclear layer and bipolar, horizontal, amacrine and Müller cells in the inner nuclear layer are the progeny of c-Kit<sup>+</sup> cells in vivo. The RPC progeny contributes to retinal neurons and glial cells, which are responsible for the conversion of light into visual signals. The ability to isolate and expand in vitro live c-Kit<sup>+</sup> RPCs makes them a future therapeutic option for retinal diseases.
A robust and fabrication tolerant (de)multiplexer on the SOI platform (2014)

We recently demonstrated the angled multimode interferometer (AMMI) as a wavelength (de)multiplexer for 4 channels. We have now extended the device application to eight channels via interleaving, and we propose denser integration via ring resonator enhancement.
Mining acronym expansions and their meanings using query click log (2013)

Acronyms are abbreviations formed from the initial components of words or phrases. Acronym usage is becoming more common in web searches, email, text messages, tweets, blogs and posts. Acronyms are typically ambiguous and often disambiguated by context words. Given either just an acronym as a query or an acronym with a few context words, it is immensely useful for a search engine to know the most likely intended meanings, ranked by their likelihood. To support such online scenarios, we study the offline mining of acronyms and their meanings in this paper. For each acronym, our goal is to discover all distinct meanings and for each meaning, compute the expanded string, its popularity score and a set of context words that indicate this meaning. Existing approaches are inadequate for this purpose. Our main insight is to leverage "co-clicks" in search engine query click log to mine expansions of acronyms. There are several technical challenges such as ensuring 1:1 mapping between expansions and meanings, handling of "tail meanings" and extracting context words. We present a novel, end-to-end solution that addresses the above challenges. We further describe how web search engines can leverage the mined information for prediction of intended meaning for queries containing acronyms. Our experiments show that our approach (i) discovers the meanings of acronyms with high precision and recall, (ii) significantly complements existing meanings in Wikipedia and (iii) accurately predicts intended meaning for online queries with over 90% precision.
A Single Amino Acid at the Hemagglutinin Cleavage Site Contributes to the Pathogenicity but Not the Transmission of Egyptian Highly Pathogenic H5N1 Influenza Virus in Chickens (2013)

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus H5N1 has been enzootic in Egypt since 2008. Virus-associated mortality (but not the number of cases) in humans and poultry seems to have decreased over time, but the reason for this remains unknown. We investigated the role of a single amino acid substitution in the hemagglutinin cleavage site on virus pathogenicity and transmission in chickens. The R325G substitution significantly reduced pathogenicity without altering the transmission efficiency of HPAI H5N1 virus.
Ni–Mo Nanopowders for Efficient Electrochemical Hydrogen Evolution (2012)

Earth-abundant metals are attractive alternatives to the noble metal composite catalysts that are used in water electrolyzers based on proton-exchange membrane technology. Ni–Mo alloys have been previously developed for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), but synthesis methods to date have been limited to formation of catalyst coatings directly on a substrate. We report a method for generating unsupported nanopowders of Ni–Mo, which can be suspended in common solvents and cast onto arbitrary substrates. The mass-specific catalytic activity under alkaline conditions approaches that of the most active reported non-noble HER catalysts, and the coatings display good stability under alkaline conditions. We have also estimated turnover frequencies per surface atom at various overpotentials and conclude that the activity enhancement for Ni–Mo relative to pure Ni is due to a combination of increased surface area and increased fundamental catalytic activity.
Structure and synthesis of dopastin, an inhibitor of dopamine .BETA.-hydroxylase. (1974)

Dopastin, an inhibitor of dopamine β-hydroxylase of microbial origin, was shown to be N-[2 (S)-nitrosohydroxylamino-3-methylbutyl] crotonamide based on chemical, spectroscopic and synthetic studies. The total synthesis of dopastin was completed in 8 steps starting from L-valinol. N-Nitrosohydroxylamino function was introduced through an oxaziran with retention of the absolute configuration in the final product. Thus, the 2S-configuration of dopastin was proved by the total synthesis. Racemic dopastin was also synthesized from isobutvraldehvde in 7 steps.
<title>Microelectronics and photonics test bed dual-rate 1773 fiber optics data bus experiment</title> (1996)

The dual-rate 1773 (DR1773) fiber optic data bus (FODB) experiment is one of twenty four space fight experiments on the Naval Research Laboratory's (NRL) microelectronics and photonics test bed (MPTB). MPTB is an NRL satellite payload that will be composed of modern technology microelectronics and photonic experiments. The Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) experiment on MPTB will evaluate the in-flight performance characteristics of the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) Aerospace Standard (AS) 1773 FODB in the space radiation environment. AS1773 is a passive star coupled FODB that operates at data rates of Mbps and 20 Mbps. This protocol is commonly referred to as 'dual-rate 1773 (DR1773).' Two different DR1773 fiber optic transceiver designs are tested on the experiment. These devices are the Boeing DR1773 and the SCI DR1773 transceiver. The transceiver devices on the experiment are implemented in a star coupled system and are tested at the higher 20 Mbps data rate. It is estimated that DR1773 at 20 Mbps will meet approximately 80% of NASA's current data rate requirements. DR1773's predecessor, Mil-Std-1773, is currently being flown on several NASA spacecraft. Mil-Std-1773 operates at a single rate of 1 Mbps. Because DR1773 is based on an existing bus protocol, incorporating DR 1773 into the NASA spacecraft program would be both time and cost effective. Success of the DR1773 experiment will provide valuable data on the DR1773 FODB space radiation performance as well as proof of concept for use of the DR1773 FODB for future NASA spacecraft systems.
Persistent neural activity encoding real-time presence of visual stimuli decays along the ventral stream (2016)

Abstract Neural populations that encode sensory experience should be persistently active for as long as the experience persists. However, research into visual neural activity has focused almost exclusively on onset-driven responses that cannot account for sustained perception. We used intracranial recordings in humans to determine the degree to which the presence of a visual stimulus is persistently encoded by neural activity. The correspondence between stimulus duration and response duration was strongest in early visual cortex and gradually diminished along the visual hierarchy, such that is was weakest in inferior-temporal category-selective regions. A similar posterior-anterior gradient was found within inferior temporal face-selective regions, with posterior but not anterior sites showing persistent face-selective activity. The results suggest that regions that appear uniform in terms of their category selectivity are dissociated by how they temporally represent a stimulus in support of real-time experience, and delineate a large-scale organizing principle of the ventral visual stream.
Abstract A9: De novo sequencing of circulating microRNAs identifies novel markers predicting clinical outcome of locally advanced breast cancer (2012)

Abstract Purpose: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been recently detected in the circulation of cancer patients, where they are associated with clinical parameters. Discovery profiling of circulating small RNAs has not been reported in breast cancer (BC), and was carried out in this study to identify blood-based small RNA markers of BC clinical outcome. Patients and Methods: The pre-treatment sera of 42 stage II–III locally advanced and inflammatory BC patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) followed by surgical tumor resection were analyzed for marker identification by deep sequencing all circulating small RNAs. An independent validation cohort of 26 stage II–III BC patients was used to assess the power of identified miRNA markers. Results: More than 800 miRNA species were detected in the circulation, and exhibited patterns associated with the histopathological profiles of BC. Groups of circulating miRNAs differentially associated with ER/PR/HER2 status and inflammatory BC were identified. The relative levels of selected miRNAs measured by PCR showed consistency with their abundances determined by deep sequencing. Two circulating miRNAs, miR-375 and miR-122, exhibited strong correlations with clinical outcomes, including NCT response and relapse with metastatic disease. In the validation cohort, higher levels of circulating miR-122 specifically predicted metastatic recurrence in stage II–III BC patients. Conclusion: Our study indicates that certain miRNAs can serve as potential blood-based biomarkers for NCT response, and that miR-122 prevalence in the circulation predicts BC metastasis in early-stage patients. These results may allow optimized chemotherapy treatments and preventive anti-metastasis interventions in future clinical applications. Citation Format: Xiwei Wu, George Somlo, Melanie Palomares, Yun Yen, John Rossi, Harry Gao, Shizhen Emily Wang. De novo sequencing of circulating microRNAs identifies novel markers predicting clinical outcome of locally advanced breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Noncoding RNAs and Cancer; 2012 Jan 8-11; Miami Beach, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(2 Suppl):Abstract nr A9.
Analysis of miniaturized 3 dB branch-line hybrid couplers using distributed MIM capacitors (2010)

This letter presents the trade-off between size reduction and electrical performance of miniaturized branch line couplers using distributed capacitors placed in the inner open area of the hybrid. Based on single, double, and triple II-section approximations of the quarter wavelength transmission lines of a conventional design with high impedance lines and shunt metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitors, size reduction as well as electrical performance are compared both in simulation and experimentally. The miniaturized triple-section hybrid achieves similar bandwidth performance as the conventional 3 dB branch line hybrid coupler, but with a 61.2% smaller footprint. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 1553–1556, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience. wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.25273