gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Statistical Properties of the Relative Weight (W r) Index and an Alternative Procedure for Testing W r Differences between Groups (2003)

Abstract Fishery managers commonly test for differences in relative weight (Wr) between or within populations using standard parametric or nonparametric statistical tests. However, the statistical properties of the Wr index have not been studied; consequently, we cannot be certain that Wr data satisfy the theoretical assumptions upon which many standard tests are based. In particular, we do not know if Wr data are independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.), which is an assumption made by most standard statistical tests and which can increase the type I error rate of a statistical test when it is violated. We derived approximations to the expectation, variance, and covariance of the Wr index using the Delta method and estimated these parameters with sample data for muskellunge Esox masquinongy, largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides, and black crappie Pomoxis nigromaculatus. Additionally, we devised a likelihood ratio test (R-test) that tests for differences in Wr between groups and that does not assume i.i.d. data. We applied the R-test to the sample data and compared the results with those obtained from traditional statistical tests. The statistical properties of the Wr index were conditionally dependent on fish length. This conditionality prevents the covariance from equaling zero across an entire fish sample, so that Wr data will be inherently correlated. For the sample data, parameter estimates increased with fish length and typically were above realistic Wr values. This bias was attributed to variability in sample length-weight data. Traditional statistical tests were more liberal than the R-test in declaring statistical significance when testing for differences in Wr between groups. Based on our derivations, we conclude that Wr data will violate an i.i.d. assumption to some extent. To avoid falsely declaring statistical significance when testing group differences, we recommend that the R-test be used with Wr data.
Synthesis of large-scale transparent gold nanosheets sandwiched between stabilizers at a solid–liquid interface (2012)

Micrometer-sized gold nanosheets (Au-NSs) were directly deposited on a large-scale at a solid–liquid interface using a modified solid matrix (SM) method. The reducing agent and the stabilizer were in the solid phase, and the oxidizing agent (HAuCl4) with an acetate ion as an additional stabilizer was in the aqueous phase. The deposited Au-NSs had either a definite geometric shape or a highly branched 2D dendritic nanosheet-like (Au-DS) morphology. Au-NSs of definite shape were formed on the solid surface from solutions of pH 4 or less. The formation of Au-DSs were observed in solutions of higher pH (5 to 8.4) because of rapid reactions. The deposited Au-NSs were optically transparent and exhibited preferential growth along the {111} crystal facet. The acetate ion acted as a stabilizer and selectively adsorbed onto the Au{111} crystal facet limiting the growth of the Au-NSs in the {111} direction. Hence, the formed Au-NSs were sandwiched between stabilizers in the solid and liquid phases in the presence of acetate ions in the solution phase. However, in the absence of acetate ions, a rapid reaction generates highly branched 3D gold microcrystals with a dendritic morphology. Nano/microcrystals with a highly branched morphology were deposited on a large scale onto the SM without introducing any template or surfactant into the solution phase. A thiol-based epoxy resin immobilized with natural or synthetic tannin was used as the SM.
An Efficient Low-Cost Time-Hopping Impulse Radio for High Data Rate Transmission (2003)

We present an efficient, low-cost implementation of time-hopping impulse radio that fulfills the spectral mask mandated by the FCC and is suitable for high-data-rate, short-range communications. The system was proposed to the IEEE 802.15.3a group for standardization as high-datarate personal-area network (PAN). Key features are: (i) all-baseband implementation obviates the need for local oscillators and other passband components, (ii) all sampling and digital signal processing is done at 200MHz, (iii) fast acquisition is accomplished by novel search algorithms,(iv) the spectral can be shaped adaptively to accommodate different spectrum regulations and interference environments. We show that this system can provide 110Mbit/s at 7-10m distance, as well as higher data rates at shorter distances. Due to the spreading concept of time-hopping impulse radio, the system can sustain multiple piconets, and can suppress narrowband interference effectively.
Derivatization of 11-α-Hydroxyprogesterone using Phosphoramidite Chemistry (2009)

The well-known phosphoramidite chemistry routinely used in solid-phase oligonucleotide synthesis is exploited here in the preparation of steroid conjugates in solution. The applicability of the method is tested by conjugating one nucleosidic and one non-nucleosidic phosphoramidite building block to 11-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone. The suitability of one of the conjugates synthesized (5) for a competitive binding assay is also demonstrated.
Phase 2 open-label extension study (ole) of patisiran, an investigational sIRNA investigational agent for familial amyloid polyneuropathy (fap) (2015)

Phase 2 open-label extension study (ole) of patisiran, an investigational sIRNA investigational agent for familial amyloid polyneuropathy (fap)
Domain Identification of Hormone-sensitive Lipase by Circular Dichroism and Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Limited Proteolysis, and Mass Spectrometry (1999)

Structure-function relationship analyses of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) have suggested that this metabolically important enzyme consists of several functional and at least two structural domains (Osterlund, T., Danielsson, B., Degerman, E., Contreras, J. A., Edgren, G., Davis, R. C., Schotz, M. C., and Holm, C. (1996) Biochem. J. 319, 411-420; Contreras, J. A., Karlsson, M., Osterlund, T., Laurell, H., Svensson, A., and Holm, C. (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271, 31426-31430). To analyze the structural domain composition of HSL in more detail, we applied biophysical methods. Denaturation of HSL was followed by circular dichroism measurements and fluorescence spectroscopy, revealing that the unfolding of HSL is a two-step event. Using limited proteolysis in combination with mass spectrometry, several proteolytic fragments of HSL were identified, including one corresponding exactly to the proposed N-terminal domain. Major cleavage sites were found in the predicted hinge region between the two domains and in the regulatory module of the C-terminal, catalytic domain. Analyses of a hinge region cleavage mutant and calculations of the hydropathic pattern of HSL further suggest that the hinge region and regulatory module are exposed parts of HSL. Together, these data support our previous hypothesis that HSL consists of two major structural domains, encoded by exons 1-4 and 5-9, respectively, of which the latter contains an exposed regulatory module outside the catalytic alpha/beta-hydrolase fold core.
Structural Analysis of Lipoprotein E Particles (2005)

Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is a key regulator of cholesterol homeostasis. Human apoE has three common isoforms, each with different risk implications for cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disease. Neither the structure of lipoprotein E particles nor the structural consequences of the isoform differences are known. In this investigation, synthetic lipoprotein particles were prepared by complexing phospholipids with full-length apoE isoforms, or with truncated N-terminal and C-terminal domains of apoE. These particles were examined with calorimetry, electron microscopy, circular dichroism spectroscopy, and internal reflection infrared spectroscopy. Results indicate that particles made with the three full-length apoE isoforms are discoidal in shape, and structurally indistinguishable. Thus, differences in their pathological consequences are not due to gross differences in particle structure. Although apoE is predominantly helical, and the axes of the helices are parallel to the flat surfaces of the particles, the orientational order of lipid acyl chains is low and inconsistent with the belt model of lipoprotein A-I structure. Instead, the data suggest that there are at least two different types of apoE-lipid interactions within lipoprotein E particles. One type occurs between apoE helices and the edge of the lipid bilayer as in the belt model, while a second type involves apoE helices that situate in the plane of the membrane and disturb acyl chain order. These interactions allow LpE particles to form with different protein/lipid ratios, and they account for the structure of LpE particles made with only the truncated domains.
ChemInform Abstract: CHIRALITY DUE TO OXYGEN‐18 SUBSTITUTION. SYNTHESIS AND CHIROPTICAL PROPERTIES OF (1S)‐2,4‐ADAMANTANEDIONE‐4‐18O (1982)

Abstract Aus der optisch aktiven Säure (I) (optische Reinheit 76%) wird über die Stufen (II)‐(V) das lsO‐Diketon (VI) dargestellt.
Thermodynamic equilibrium study of low temperature laser induced plasmas of air, argon, and cadmium by Thomson scattering and emission spectroscopy (2011)

[Conference 7915 : High Energy/Average Power Lasers and Intense Beam Applications VI / Presentation 16 - Session 3] Communication orale (B.Bousquet)]
ChemInform Abstract: (2PI+6PI)CYCLOADDITION REACTIONS BETWEEN LIGANDS COORDINATED TO AN IRON ATOM (1975)

Abstract Die Bestrahlung von THF‐Lösungen des Komplexes (II) und Acetylendicarbonsäureeste " in äquimolaren Mengen bei 0°C liefert die Verbindung (I), deren Kristallstruktur bestimmt wurde.
Flux distraction effect on magnetoelectric laminate sensors and gradiometer (2013)

A magnetic flux distraction effect caused by a nearby metallic material was investigated for Metglas/Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–PbTiO3 laminated magnetoelectric (ME) sensors. Using flux distraction, a ME sensor can perform an accurate search for metallic targets of different dimensions at various distances. Detection results and simulations were in good agreement. The findings demonstrate an effective means to employ stationary ME sensors and gradiometers for magnetic search applications.
Endovascular approaches for traumatic arterial lesions. (1997)

Vascular injuries caused by blunt or penetrating trauma can be challenging to diagnose and treat, particularly when they involve central vessels. Endovascular treatment for vascular trauma includes the placement of embolization coils and intravascular stents and the employment of stented grafts. The use of stented grafts appears to be associated with decreased blood loss, a less invasive insertion procedure, reduced requirements for anesthesia, and a limited need for an extensive dissection in a traumatized field. These advantages are especially important in patients with central arteriovenous fistulas or false aneurysms, particularly those who are critically ill from other coexisting injuries or medical comorbidities. In these circumstances, the use of stented grafts already appears justified to treat traumatic central arterial lesions. Endovascular grafts are important tools for the treatment of vascular trauma, and they should be included in the armamentarium of the vascular surgeon.
Issues of quality and multiplexing when smoothing rate adaptive video (1999)

We have proposed a smoothing and rate adaptation algorithm-SAVE (Smoothed Adaptive Video over Explicit rate networks)-for transport of compressed video over rate-controlled networks. SAVE attempts to preserve quality as much as possible, and exercises control over the source rate only when essential to prevent unacceptable delay. In order to understand the impact on quality of rate adaptation, we have evolved the quality metrics typically used to evaluate the efficacy of mechanisms to transport video. We investigate the dynamic nature of rate reduction: any prolonged impairment is likely to be noticeable. We study the sensitivity of SAVE to its parameters and network characteristics. Finally, the utility of the proposed scheme is measured by its ability to multiplex a large number of streams effectively. Our evaluations are based on experiments with 20 traces of entertainment videos using different compression algorithms.
Self-assembly of poly(ionic liquid) (PIL)-based amphiphilic homopolymers into vesicles and supramolecular structures with dyes and silver nanoparticles (2017)

Self assembly of amphiphilic homo-PILs.
Metabolic engineering for the production of 1,3-propanediol (1993)

Metabolic engineering involves the use of recombinant DNA techniques for the modification of intermediary metabolic pathways. Microorganisms have recently been engineered to produce compounds such as indigo, ethanol, fatty acids and polyhydroxyalkanoates. As a model system for research in metabolic engineering, the authors have constructed a strain of the bacterium Escherichia coli, that is able to produce 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PD) from glycerol. This strain contains the genes for the glycerol deydratase and the 1,3-PD oxidoreductase from Klebsiella pneumoniae. The authors have also investigated genetic and environmental strategies for improving the yield and productivity of 1,3-PD by the engineered organism. In addition to being a useful model system, 1,3-PD production is of current practical interest. First 1,3-PD (also known as trimethylene glycol) and 1,4-butanediol, the more readily available diols. Second, the volume of feedstock (glycerol) is expected to grow, as it is a by-product of the production of polyglycoside surfactants and biodiesel fluids.
The performance of a component-based allergen microarray for the diagnosis of kiwifruit allergy (2010)

Act d 1 can be considered a marker allergen for genuine sensitization to kiwifruit. We demonstrated that a component-based kiwifruit allergen microarray would improve the prognostic value of in vitro diagnostic tests.
Studies toward the Unique Pederin Family Member Psymberin: Structure–Activity Relationships, Biochemical Studies, and Genetics Identify the Mode-of-Action of Psymberin (2012)

Psymberin is the only member of the pederin natural product family that contains a dihydroisocoumarin side chain. Structural modifications of psymberin uncoupled inhibition of protein translation from cytotoxicity, suggesting that psymberin has more than one bioactivity. A forward genetic screen in Caenorhabditis elegans was conducted to identify the molecular target(s) of psymberin. Multiple independent psymberin-resistant mutants were isolated, each containing the same point mutation in a gene encoding a ribosomal protein. However, a psymberin-resistant mutant strain bearing this mutation was not cross-resistant to the pederin family member mycalamide A, which binds to the archaeal form of the same protein. Thus, two pederin family members likely differ in how they bind the same molecular target. The accumulation of psymberin in cells was sensitive to the stereochemistry of the amide side chain at C4 or C8 and the presence of the dihydroisocoumarin side chain. The observation that psymberin diastereomers or dihydroisocoumarin-truncated analogs lose all cytotoxic activity while retaining the ability to inhibit protein translation in a cell-free in vitro assay can be explained in the context of these differential cell uptake issues. Finally, we also demonstrate that the blistering activity associated with pederin and other members of the family is not due to their protein synthesis inhibiting activity. Unlike pederin and mycalamide, psymberin does not display irritant or blistering activity.
Investigating routes toward atomic layer deposition of silicon carbide: Ab initio screening of potential silicon and carbon precursors (2016)

Silicon carbide (SiC) is a promising material for electronics due to its hardness, and ability to carry high currents and high operating temperature. SiC films are currently deposited using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) at high temperatures 1500–1600 °C. However, there is a need to deposit SiC-based films on the surface of high aspect ratio features at low temperatures. One of the most precise thin film deposition techniques on high-aspect-ratio surfaces that operates at low temperatures is atomic layer deposition (ALD). However, there are currently no known methods for ALD of SiC. Herein, the authors present a first-principles thermodynamic analysis so as to screen different precursor combinations for SiC thin films. The authors do this by calculating the Gibbs energy ΔG of the reaction using density functional theory and including the effects of pressure and temperature. This theoretical model was validated for existing chemical reactions in CVD of SiC at 1000 °C. The precursors disilane (Si2H6), silane (SiH4), or monochlorosilane (SiH3Cl) with ethyne (C2H2), carbontetrachloride (CCl4), or trichloromethane (CHCl3) were predicted to be the most promising for ALD of SiC at 400 °C.
Regiospecific Assembly of Gold Nanoparticles around the Pores of Diatoms: Toward Three-Dimensional Nanoarrays (2009)

The templated growth of gold nanoparticles in 3D arrays within the nanopores of unicellular diatoms involves pretreament of the skeletons with poly(vinylpyridine) which has a unique dewetting property. This self-assembly provides a nanochemical analogue of lithography for engineering complex nanostructures. The process can be universally applied to the many types of diatom skeletons which vary in size and structure.
Large-area and low-temperature synthesis of few-layered WS 2 films for photodetectors (2018)

WS2-based photodetectors were fabricated by sputtering and electron beam irradiation (EBI), and the effect of EBI on the crystallization of WS2 films was investigated. EBI at 1 kV energy for 1 min transformed the as-deposited amorphous structure of WS2 film into a two-dimensional (2D) layered crystalline structure with high uniformity over a 50.8 mm diameter wafer. Additionally, EBI enhanced the photoelectrical properties of WS2-based photodetectors. The as-deposited WS2 film yielded a responsivity of 0.10 mA · W−1 under 450 nm laser irradiation, but showed no response under 532 and 635 nm laser wavelengths. However, after 1 kV and 3 kV EBI of the WS2 films, the responsivities under laser irradiation at 450, 532, and 635 nm were 0.36, 1.37, and 0.19 mA · W−1, and 1.68, 2.45, and 1.09 mA · W−1, respectively. The substrate temperatures after 1 min of 1 kV and 3 kV EBI were 102 °C and 591 °C, respectively. The WS2-based photodetectors exhibited high responsivity in the visible light region despite their unique process conditions of low temperature and fast EBI treatment. Such desirable performance of the EBI-treated WS2 films shows significant potential for future large-area and low-temperature photoelectronic applications. Thus, we demonstrated that EBI is an attractive method for synthesizing 2D materials as it is fast, simple, controllable, and compatible with sputtering processes.
Arrays of probes for positional sequencing by hybridization (2023)

This invention is directed to methods and reagents useful for sequencing nucleic acid targets utilizing sequencing by hybridization technology comprising probes, arrays of probes and methods whereby sequence information is obtained rapidly and efficiently in discrete packages. That information can be used for the detection, identification, purification and complete or partial sequencing of a particular target nucleic acid. When coupled with a ligation step, these methods can be performed under a single set of hybridization conditions. The invention also relates to the replication of probe arrays and methods for making and replicating arrays of probes which are useful for the large scale manufacture of diagnostic aids used to screen biological samples for specific target sequences. Arrays created using PCR technology may comprise probes with 5'- and/or 3'-overhangs.
Systems Biology and Genomics (2022)

Overview Cancers are complex, adaptive systems comprised of cancer cells that are influenced by supporting cells, immune cells, as well as soluble and insoluble proteins that make up the local physical environment. Features associated with cancer cells are referred to as intrinsic to the cancer and those comprising the proximal and distal microenvironments are referred to as extrinsic to the cancer. Genomics studies seek to develop comprehensive cellular and molecular profiles of cancers while cancer systems biology studies seek to develop the experimental and theoretical methods needed to understand how these diverse components work together to determine cancer function. The overall goal of these efforts is to develop analytical approaches to predict cancer behavior—including progression and response to therapy—from measurements of the intrinsic and extrinsic molecular and cellular components of tumors. Here, we review recent progress in international efforts to measure the genomic, epigenomic, and proteomic features of major tumor types. We summarize work to establish associations between these omic features and cancer behavior including risk of progression and response to therapy. Finally, we summarize the computational and experimental models employed to understand and manipulate the behavior of complex cancer systems.
Time-resolved emission testing challenges for low voltage CMOS technologies (2004)

The advances of CMOS technologies have challenged the time-resolved emission testing and diagnostics of certain applications. This paper addresses these challenges from both emission tooling and chip design perspective.
Time Synchronization of Automation Controllers for Power Applications (2013)

This paper investigates various forms of industrial time synchronization and applies these methods to programmable automation controllers (PACs) for power system applications. PACs have been used in the industry for many control applications, and advancements in synchronization technology have allowed PACs to be used in high-speed control and data acquisition systems. This paper looks at using the PAC as a time-synchronized sequence-of-events recorder for substation automation. It is shown that a PAC can be time synchronized to multiple time references and provide accuracies accepted by the power industry.
Expression of MHC antigens by intestinal epithelial cells. Effect of transforming growth factor-beta 2 (TGF-β2) (1995)

The effect of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and TGF-beta 2 on expression of MHC antigens by the human intestinal epithelial cell line HT-29 was examined by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. Untreated HT-29 cells constitutively expressed HLA-ABC but little HLA-DR. Expression of both molecules was increased by IFN-gamma (100 U/ml, 24 h). TGF-beta 2 at concentrations > or = 0.5 ng/ml given before or simultaneously with IFN-gamma, inhibited the IFN-induced expression of HLA-DR. Small increases in HLA-ABC expression by IFN-gamma were further increased by pretreatment with TGF-beta 2, while a strong induction of HLA-ABC was inhibited by the TGF-beta 2 pretreatment. Our results suggest that the inhibitory action of the TGF-beta 2 on both HLA-ABC and HLA-DR correlates with the degree of induction following IFN-gamma treatment. Since TGF-beta 2 is present in milk and is produced by gut epithelial cells, one of its possible functions may be to regulate expression of HLA antigens in the neonatal intestine and/or diseased intestine.
Predicting Bradycardia in Preterm Infants Using Point Process Analysis of Heart Rate (2016)

Our findings are relevant to risk stratification, predictive monitoring, and implementation of preventative strategies for reducing morbidity and mortality associated with bradycardia in neonatal intensive care units.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION AND REACTIONS OF 1,1‐DIMETHYL‐3‐OXOBUTYL ISOCYANATE (1978)

Abstract 4‐Amino‐4‐ methyl‐2‐pentanon (I).