gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Similar but nonidentical amino acid residues on vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 are involved in the interaction with α 4 β 1 and α 4 β 7 under different activity states (1995)

The integrin receptors alpha 4 beta 1 and alpha 4 beta 7 both bind to vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). Here, we report that the amino acid residue requirements for murine VCAM-1 adhesion to murine alpha 4 beta 1 (WEHI 231) and alpha 4 beta 7 (38C13/beta 7-transfectant) positive cells are strikingly similar but nonidentical under multiple adhesion activity states. By site-directed mutagenesis of domain 1 of VCAM-1, the amino acid residues on the loop between beta strands C and D (R36, Q38, I39, D40, P42) and on the adjacent antiparallel beta strand F (L70 and T72) were required for basal level adhesion to both alpha 4 beta 1-positive and alpha 4 beta 7-positive cells. Mutation at two other sites, N44 (loop between beta strands C and D) and E66 (loop between beta strands E and F), specifically reduced alpha 4 beta 7-positive cell adhesion, but not alpha 4 beta 1-positive cell adhesion. Mutation H85A augmented alpha 4 beta 7 binding but not alpha 4 beta 1 binding. These apparent differences relate to the higher intrinsic activity state of alpha 4 beta 1 on WEHI 231 than on alpha 4 beta 7 (38C13/beta 7-transfectant). In contrast, under higher adhesion activity states induced by either MnCl2 or truncation of the beta 7 cytoplasmic tail, mutation of either amino acid residue D40 or L70 completely blocked cell adhesion without evidence of structural perturbation of VCAM-1. These results suggested that the two structurally discontinuous amino acid residues, the negatively charged D40 and the hydrophobic L70 adjacently located on domain 1 of VCAM-1, are essential for interaction under multiple activity states with both alpha 4 beta 1 and alpha 4 beta 7 integrin receptors.
Suitability of metalorganic chemical vapor deposition-derived PrGaO3 films as buffer layers for YBa2Cu3O7−x pulsed laser deposition (1993)

Phase-pure thin films of the YBa2Cu3O7−x (YBCO) lattice matched and low loss tangent perovskite insulator PrGaO3 have been grown in situ on single-crystal (110) LaAlO3 substrates by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). Films were grown at temperatures of 750–800 °C using β-diketonate precursors M(dpm)3 (M=Pr,Ga; dpm =dipivaloylmethanate). YBCO films were then grown on the MOCVD-derived PrGaO3 by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). Scanning electron microscopy reveals that the PrGaO3 films have smooth, featureless surfaces. As assessed by x-ray diffraction, the PrGaO3 films grow epitaxially on LaAlO3 with a high degree of (001) and/or (110) plane orientation parallel to the substrate surface, and the subsequent YBCO films grow with a (00l) orientation. Rocking curve and φ-scan analyses reveal that the PrGaO3 and YBCO films grow epitaxially. Cross-sectional high resolution electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopic selected area diffraction confirm that the PrGaO3 and YBCO layers grow epitaxially. YBCO films grown by PLD on the MOCVD-derived PrGaO3 exhibit Tc=91 K and Jc=6×106 A/cm2 at 77 K in zero field.
Data from Peritoneal Spread of Ovarian Cancer Harbors Therapeutic Vulnerabilities Regulated by FOXM1 and EGFR/ERBB2 Signaling (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Peritoneal spread is the primary mechanism of metastasis of ovarian cancer, and survival of ovarian cancer cells in the peritoneal cavity as nonadherent spheroids and their adherence to the mesothelium of distant organs lead to cancer progression, metastasis, and mortality. However, the mechanisms that govern this metastatic process in ovarian cancer cells remain poorly understood. In this study, we cultured ovarian cancer cell lines in adherent and nonadherent conditions &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and analyzed changes in mRNA and protein levels to identify mechanisms of tumor cell survival and proliferation in adherent and nonadherent cells. EGFR or ERBB2 upregulated ZEB1 in nonadherent cells, which caused resistance to cell death and increased tumor-initiating capacity. Conversely, Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) was required for the induction of integrin β1, integrin-α V, and integrin-α 5 for adhesion of cancer cells. FOXM1 also upregulated ZEB1, which could act as a feedback inhibitor of FOXM1, and caused the transition of adherent cells to nonadherent cells. Strikingly, the combinatorial treatment with lapatinib [dual kinase inhibitor of EGFR (ERBB1) and ERBB2] and thiostrepton (FOXM1 inhibitor) reduced growth and peritoneal spread of ovarian cancer cells more effectively than either single-agent treatment &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that FOXM1 and EGFR/ERBB2 pathways are key points of vulnerability for therapy to disrupt peritoneal spread and adhesion of ovarian cancer cells.&lt;/p&gt;Significance:&lt;p&gt;This study describes the mechanism exhibited by ovarian cancer cells required for adherent cell transition to nonadherent form during peritoneal spread and metastasis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Luminescent silver–lithium-zeolite phosphors for near-ultraviolet LED applications (2019)

The applicability of Ag-exchanged zeolites as efficient phosphors for the development of near ultra-violet primary LEDs is described.
Cyano/Diallylamine Additions to Glycoside and Nucleoside Aldehydes and Its Application to the Synthesis of Polyoxin L and Uracil Polyoxin C (1999)

Three efficient, high yieldmg syntheses of precursors (1) of carbamoylpolyoxamic acid from L-arabinose, based on the simultaneous addition of the acid and amine functionalities, are described.Utilizing the same methodology and uridie as the starting material, an expedient 3 step (61% overall yield) synthesis of protected uracil polyoxin C (or the nucleoside moiety of polyoxin L, 2), is also described.
Novel AlInN/GaN integrated circuits operating up to 500 &#x00B0;C (2014)

High-temperature technology platform has been developed based on AlInN/GaN heterostructures. High electron concentration in 2DEG channel of AlInN/GaN devices is remarkably stable over a broad temperature range, enabling device operation above 500 °C. The developed IC technology is based on three key elements: (1) exceptional quality AlInN/GaN heterostructure with very high carrier concentration and mobility that enables IC fast operation in a broad temperature range; (2) heterostructure field effect transistor approach that provides fully planar IC structure which is easy to scale and to combine with the other high temperature electronic components; (3) fabrication advancements including novel metallization scheme and high-k passivation/gate dielectrics, specifically developed for high temperature operation. The feasibility of the technology was demonstrated by fabrication and testing inverter and differential amplifier ICs using AlInN/GaN heterostructures. At temperature exceeding 500°C, the developed ICs show stable performance with unit-gain bandwidth above 1 MHz and internal response time 45 ns*.
A Comprehensive Survey of Machine Learning Based Localization with Wireless Signals (2020)

The last few decades have witnessed a growing interest in location-based services. Using localization systems based on Radio Frequency (RF) signals has proven its efficacy for both indoor and outdoor applications. However, challenges remain with respect to both complexity and accuracy of such systems. Machine Learning (ML) is one of the most promising methods for mitigating these problems, as ML (especially deep learning) offers powerful practical data-driven tools that can be integrated into localization systems. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive survey of ML-based localization solutions that use RF signals. The survey spans different aspects, ranging from the system architectures, to the input features, the ML methods, and the datasets. A main point of the paper is the interaction between the domain knowledge arising from the physics of localization systems, and the various ML approaches. Besides the ML methods, the utilized input features play a major role in shaping the localization solution; we present a detailed discussion of the different features and what could influence them, be it the underlying wireless technology or standards or the preprocessing techniques. A detailed discussion is dedicated to the different ML methods that have been applied to localization problems, discussing the underlying problem and the solution structure. Furthermore, we summarize the different ways the datasets were acquired, and then list the publicly available ones. Overall, the survey categorizes and partly summarizes insights from almost 400 papers in this field. This survey is self-contained, as we provide a concise review of the main ML and wireless propagation concepts, which shall help the researchers in either field navigate through the surveyed solutions, and suggested open problems.
Through the Looking Glass: Neural 3D Reconstruction of Transparent Shapes (2020)

Recovering the 3D shape of transparent objects using a small number of unconstrained natural images is an ill-posed problem. Complex light paths induced by refraction and reflection have prevented both traditional and deep multiview stereo from solving this challenge. We propose a physically-based network to recover 3D shape of transparent objects using a few images acquired with a mobile phone camera, under a known but arbitrary environment map. Our novel contributions include a normal representation that enables the network to model complex light transport through local computation, a rendering layer that models refractions and reflections, a cost volume specifically designed for normal refinement of transparent shapes and a feature mapping based on predicted normals for 3D point cloud reconstruction. We render a synthetic dataset to encourage the model to learn refractive light transport across different views. Our experiments show successful recovery of high-quality 3D geometry for complex transparent shapes using as few as 5-12 natural images. Code and data are publicly released.
A microassay for measuring cytosine DNA methyltransferase activity during tumor progression (1995)

The cytosine DNA methyltransferase (MT) enzyme, which catalyzes DNA methylation at CpG sites, is overexpressed at the mRNA level during the progressive stages of colon cancer. This paper describes the adaption of a sensitive microassay for determining MT enzyme activity during tumor progression in human colon and murine lung. MT activity was progressively elevated in mucosa from familial adenomatosis polyposis patients, mucosa adjacent to cancers, and in colonic adenocarcinomas when compared to colonic mucosa from control patients. In addition, the activity of this enzyme was increased in alveolar type II but not Clara cells isolated from A/J mice following carcinogen exposure and continued to increase during tumor progression. The use of a microassay for measuring MT activity indicates that changes in enzyme activity were in general agreement with previous findings of increased MT mRNA levels during colon cancer progression and also implicates the involvement of this pathway in lung cancer development.
Role of 4.5 S RNA in Assembly of the Bacterial Signal Recognition Particle with Its Receptor (2000)

The mechanism by which a signal recognition particle (SRP) and its receptor mediate protein targeting to the endoplasmic reticulum or to the bacterial plasma membrane is evolutionarily conserved. In Escherichia coli, this reaction is mediated by the Ffh/4.5S RNA ribonucleoprotein complex (Ffh/4.5S RNP; the SRP) and the FtsY protein (the SRP receptor). We have quantified the effects of 4.5S RNA on Ffh-FtsY complex formation by monitoring changes in tryptophan fluorescence. Surprisingly, 4.5S RNA facilitates both assembly and disassembly of the Ffh-FtsY complex to a similar extent. These results provide an example of an RNA molecule facilitating protein-protein interactions in a catalytic fashion.
Improving therapeutic potential of GDNF family ligands (2020)

The last decade has been a frustrating time for investigators who had envisioned major advances in the treatment of Parkinson's disease using neurotrophic factors. The first trials of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor for treating Parkinson's disease were very promising. Later blinded control trials were disappointing, not reaching the predetermined outcomes for improvement in motor function. Consideration of the problems in the studies as well as the biology of the neurotrophins used can potentially lead to more effective therapies. Parkinson's disease presents a multitude of opportunities for the cell biologist wanting to understand its pathology and to find possible new avenues for treatment.
Deep Counting Model Extensions with Segmentation for Person Detection (2019)

Applications like autonomous driving, surveillance, or any application that demands scene analysis requires object detection, semantic segmentation and instance segmentation. In this paper, we focus on the problem of detecting each instance of a specific category of objects, specifically persons. A novel method for object detection is proposed based on a deep counting model. The feature extractor of the deep counting model is extended with additional layers for segmenting specific instances. While the feature extractor of the deep counting model already focuses on the persons in the scene, the segmentation layers help to get a more accurate estimation of the foreground with persons and the instance segmentation is able to estimate separate instances of persons. Our proposed method outperforms other methods on the CUHK08 dataset with an Average Miss Rate (AMR) of 14% and on the PETS09 dataset with an AMR of 41%.
A room temperature rechargeable Li 2 O-based lithium-air battery enabled by a solid electrolyte (2023)

A lithium-air battery based on lithium oxide (Li<sub>2</sub>O) formation can theoretically deliver an energy density that is comparable to that of gasoline. Lithium oxide formation involves a four-electron reaction that is more difficult to achieve than the one- and two-electron reaction processes that result in lithium superoxide (LiO<sub>2</sub>) and lithium peroxide (Li<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>), respectively. By using a composite polymer electrolyte based on Li<sub>10</sub>GeP<sub>2</sub>S<sub>12</sub> nanoparticles embedded in a modified polyethylene oxide polymer matrix, we found that Li<sub>2</sub>O is the main product in a room temperature solid-state lithium-air battery. The battery is rechargeable for 1000 cycles with a low polarization gap and can operate at high rates. The four-electron reaction is enabled by a mixed ion-electron-conducting discharge product and its interface with air.
Nanotechnology to Improve Oral Drug Delivery (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Nanotechnology for Oral Delivery Polymeric Nanosystems for Oral Delivery Illustrative Examples of Liposomes for Oral Drug and Gene Delivery Toxicology and Regulatory Issues Conclusion and Future Outlook References
Finite Versus Infinite Neural Networks: an Empirical Study (2020)

We perform a careful, thorough, and large scale empirical study of the correspondence between wide neural networks and kernel methods. By doing so, we resolve a variety of open questions related to the study of infinitely wide neural networks. Our experimental results include: kernel methods outperform fully-connected finite-width networks, but underperform convolutional finite width networks; neural network Gaussian process (NNGP) kernels frequently outperform neural tangent (NT) kernels; centered and ensembled finite networks have reduced posterior variance and behave more similarly to infinite networks; weight decay and the use of a large learning rate break the correspondence between finite and infinite networks; the NTK parameterization outperforms the standard parameterization for finite width networks; diagonal regularization of kernels acts similarly to early stopping; floating point precision limits kernel performance beyond a critical dataset size; regularized ZCA whitening improves accuracy; finite network performance depends non-monotonically on width in ways not captured by double descent phenomena; equivariance of CNNs is only beneficial for narrow networks far from the kernel regime. Our experiments additionally motivate an improved layer-wise scaling for weight decay which improves generalization in finite-width networks. Finally, we develop improved best practices for using NNGP and NT kernels for prediction, including a novel ensembling technique. Using these best practices we achieve state-of-the-art results on CIFAR-10 classification for kernels corresponding to each architecture class we consider.
A Fluorescence-Based High-Throughput Antiviral Compound Screening Assay Against Respiratory Syncytial Virus (2013)

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common virus that infects people of all ages and causes cold-like symptoms in most cases. However, more serious infections occur in the younger and older extremities of the population causing severe lung infections such as bronchiolitis and pneumonia. The current standard of care is mostly limited to supportive treatment, although prophylaxis by passive immunization with the humanized monoclonal antibody palivizumab and therapeutic intervention with aerosolized ribavirin are available. Unfortunately, administration of palivizumab is restricted to at-risk infants up to the age of two and is associated with high cost, while ribavirin treatment is hindered by questionable efficacy and safety reasons. Consequently, the development of novel specific RSV antiviral drugs is needed to help decrease RSV-related morbidity and mortality. We describe here a fluorescence-based high-throughput screening assay to discover RSV inhibitors which is based on the infection of HeLa cells with a recombinant RSV strain that contains an enhanced green fluorescent protein coding sequence in its viral genome.
Polarization sensitive detection of 100 GHz radiation by high mobility field-effect transistors (2008)

Detection of 100 GHz electromagnetic radiation by a GaAs/AlGaAs high electron mobility field-effect transistor was investigated at 300 K as a function of the angle α between the direction of linear polarization of the radiation and the symmetry axis of the transistor. The angular dependence of the detected signal was found to be A0 cos2(α−α0)+C with A0, α0, and C dependent on the electrical polarization of the transistor gate. This dependence is interpreted as due to excitation of two crossed phase-shifted oscillators. A response of the transistor chip (including bonding wires and the substrate) to 100 GHz radiation was numerically simulated. Results of calculations confirmed experimentally observed dependencies and showed that the two oscillators result from an interplay of 100 GHz currents defined by the transistor impedance together with bonding wires and substrate related modes.
1033Left Ventricular Myocardial Strain at Cardiac MRI using Velocity Vector Imaging: A feasibility study (2013)

Conclusions: Truncation of signal decay curve needed to compensate for low signal in later echoes in patients with severe iron overload can be effectively automatized avoiding operator induced variability.
Six Flavonostilbenes from Gnetum afircanum and Gnetum gnemon (2003)

Six new flavonostilbenes (gnetoflavanols A, B, C, D, E and F) were isolated from the stem of Gnetum africanum and the root of G. gnemon.The structures of the compounds were determined by spectroscopic analysis.The antioxidant activity of the compounds on lipid peroxide inhibition and superoxide scavenging activity were also investigated.2][3][4][5] In continuation of our phytochemical studies of the Gnetum we report in this paper the isolation and structure determination of six new flavonostilbenes isolated from two Gnetum species (G. africanum and G. gnemon).The compounds were considered to be form by oxidative coupling of a flavan-3-ol (afzelechin) 6 with a stilbene monomer (isorhapontigenin, piceatanol and resveratrol unit).Gnetoflavanols A (1), B (2), C (3) and D (4) were isolated from the stem of G. africanum.Gnetoflavanols E (5) and F (6) were obtained HETEROCYCLES, Vol.60, No. 1, 2003
ChemInform Abstract: Long‐Acting Fentanyl Analogues: Synthesis and Pharmacology of N‐(1‐Phenylpyrazolyl)‐N‐(1‐phenylalkyl‐4‐piperidyl)propanamides. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The energy of N2H2 and related compounds (1991)

A b initio molecular orbital theory at the G2 level has been used to study the energy of N2H2 and related compounds. Overall, the agreement between theory and experiment is good. The G2 enthalpy of formation ΔH0f0(N2H2) of 49.6 kcal/mol supports the experimental estimate of ≥46.6 kcal/mol derived by Ruscic and Berkowitz [J. Chem. Phys. 95, xxx4 (1991)] in a recent photoionization study. Predicted dissociation energies are D0(HN■NH)=122.8 kcal/mol, D0(HNNH–H)=43.6 kcal/mol, and D0(H2N■NH–H)=82.1 kcal/mol. The G2 value for the proton affinity (PA) of N2 at 298 K is PA298=118.1 kcal/mol. The G2 ionization potential of N2H3 of 7.54 eV is in agreement with the new value of ≤7.61 eV reported by Ruscic and Berkowitz. The G2 results for the ionization potential of N2H4 and the appearance potential of N+2 from N2H2 are in disagreement with experimental results suggesting that detection of the origins in these cases are thwarted by large geometry changes and significant Franck–Condon effects.
Wavelet interpolation networks. (1998)

. We describe a new approach to real time learning of unknown functions based on an interpolating wavelet estimation. We choose a subfamily of a wavelet basis relying on nested hierarchical allocation and update in real time our estimate of the unknown function. Such an interpolation process can be used for real time applications like neural network adaptive control, where learning an unknown function very fast is critical. 1. Introduction Our purpose is to approximate an unknown function f : R n ! R from scattered samples (x ø ; y ø = f(x ø )) ø=1:::t , where ffl we have little a priori knowledge on the unknown function f : it lives in some infinite dimensional smooth function space. ffl the function approximation process is performed iteratively: each new measure on the function (x t ; f(x t )) is used to compute a new estimate f t as an update of a previous estimate f t\\Gamma1 . ffl the above update computations and the data storage should be efficient, to fit in a real time l...