gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Non-orthogonal multiple access for degraded broadcast channels: RA-CEMA (2015)

A new non-orthogonal multiple access scheme performing simultaneous transmission to multiple users characterized by different signal-to-noise ratios is proposed. Different users are multiplexed by storing their codewords into a multiplexing matrix according to properly designed patterns and then mapping the columns of the matrix onto the symbols of a higher-order constellation. At the receiver, an interference cancellation algorithm is employed in order to achieve a higher spectral efficiency than orthogonal user multiplexing. Rate-Adaptive Constellation Expansion Multiple Access (RA-CEMA) is an alternative to conventional superposition coding as a solution for transmission on the degraded broadcast channel. It combines the benefits of an increased spectral efficiency with the advantages of reusing the coding and modulation schemes already used in contemporary communication systems, thereby facilitating its adoption in standards.
Evaluation of Texture Developed in High-Temperature β-Phase during Friction Stir Welding of Ti-6Al-4V (2012)

The Texture Developed in High-Temperature β Phase during Friction Stir Welding of Ti-6Al-4V Was Studied. It Was Demonstrated that 0002 and 1120 Pole Figures Calculated from α Phase May Be Employed for Interpretation of Material Flow in the β Phase. Together with Orientation Measurements in Retained β Phase, this Approach Was Shown to Be a Very Simple and Effective for the Texture Analysis. The β Texture Was Found to Be a Mixture of { hkl }&lt;111&gt;-Fiber Texture and D 2 (112)[111](Simple-Shear Texture Component.
Ionic Liquids in Polymer Design (2016)

Ion-containing polymers are of significant interest for numerous applications, including, but not limited to, ion-exchange resins for water purification, membranes for gas mixture separation, electrolytes in batteries and fuel cells, food packaging, and high performance materials. The introduction of conventional ions within a polymer has resulted in improvements in numerous material properties, e.g., increased modulus, improved abrasion and tear resistance, increased impact strength. However, more recently within the past 1–2 decades, the incorporation of ionic liquids either physically or chemically within polymers has resulted in a different set of material property changes that are associated with the unique physiochemical properties of the ionic liquid. Ionic liquids are salts composed of an organic cation and an organic or inorganic anion, which typically have melting points below 100°C, and possess unique properties, such as negligible vapor pressure, non-flammability, a wide electrochemical window, high ionic conductivity, high chemical and thermal stability, and a broad chemical diversity owing to the large number of cations and anions available that can result in an ionic liquid. The incorporation of ionic liquids in a polymer as a mixture or a polymeric form of the ionic liquid (i.e., a polymerized ionic liquid, where the cations of the IL are covalently attached to each monomeric unit of the polymer chain and are neutralized by mobile anions) results in a new class of ion-containing polymer. Unlike other conventional ion-containing polymers that are typically constrained to high glass transition temperatures due to strong electrostatic ion pair interactions, polymers with ionic liquids may, if well-designed, possess low glass transition temperatures due to weak electrostatic ion pair interactions, while maintaining high charge densities. This is just one example of the property changes and property differences when comparing conventional ion-containing polymers with this new class of ionic liquid-based polymers. This themed issue in Macro-molecular Rapid Communications highlights the exciting recent developments of the design of new polymer systems that incorporate ionic liquids. Reports in this issue highlight new synthetic routes, chemical structures, bulk and solutions properties, phase behavior, and functions. It is clear from these reports, the research on ionic liquid-based polymers is still in its infancy in terms of exploration and proceeds rapidly in various fields and dimensions. With the broad range of possible and unique properties due to the chemical diversity of ionic liquids, as well as the well-developed polymer chemistry and physics, the potential for ionic liquid-based polymers is highly intriguing and almost limitless.
Weight gain with add‐on second‐generation antipsychotics in bipolar disorder: a naturalistic study (2017)

We found no evidence of an overall increased risk of weight gain for patients with bipolar disorder after receiving add-on SGA to a mood stabilizer in a routine clinical setting.
Specific interaction of aurintricarboxylic acid with the human immunodeficiency virus/CD4 cell receptor. (1989)

The triphenylmethane derivative aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA), but not aurin, selectively prevented the binding of OKT4A/Leu-3a monoclonal antibody (mAb) and, to a lesser extent, OKT4 mAb to the CD4 cell receptor for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). The effect was seen within 1 min at an ATA concentration of 10 microM in various T4+ cells (MT-4, U-937, peripheral blood lymphocytes, and monocytes). It was dose-dependent and reversible. ATA prevented the attachment of radiolabeled HIV-1 particles to MT-4 cells, which could be expected as the result of its specific binding to the HIV/CD4 receptor. Other HIV inhibitors such as suramin, fuchsin acid, azidothymidine, dextran sulfate, heparin, and pentosan polysulfate did not affect OKT4A/Leu-3a mAb binding to the CD4 receptor, although the sulfated polysaccharides suppressed HIV-1 adsorption to the cells at concentrations required for complete protection against HIV-1 cytopathogenicity. Thus, ATA is a selective marker molecule for the CD4 receptor. ATA also interfered with the staining of membrane-associated HIV-1 glycoprotein gp120 by a mAb against it. These unusual properties of a small molecule of nonimmunological origin may have important implications for the study of CD4/HIV/AIDS pathogenesis and possibly treatment.
Propagation of Human Dendritic Cells In Vitro (2003)

Considerable progress in the generation of dendritic cells (DC) from mouse and human precursors has recently been accomplished. Consequently, culture systems are now available for the in vitro generation of large numbers of DC.
THz Vibrational Spectra of Hydrated and Dehydrated Samples by Time-Domain Spectroscopy (2007)

We observed the vibrational modes of nucleoside related samples in hydrated and dehydrated states by terahertz (THz) time-domain spectroscopy. Several measured spectra indicated slight differences in the vibrational modes between hydrated and dehydrated samples.
Surfactant‐Free Scalable Synthesis of Bi2Te3 and Bi2Se3 Nanoflakes and Enhanced Thermoelectric Properties of Their Nanocomposites (2012)

Surfactant-free nanoflakes of n-type Bi2 Te3 and Bi2 Se3 are synthesized in high yields. Their suspensions are mixed to create nanocomposites with heterostructured nanograins. A maximum ZT (0.7 at 400 K) is achieved with a broad content of 10-15% Bi2 Se3 in the nanocomposites.
The nephrotic syndrome: from the simple to the complex. (1998)

The nephrotic syndrome represents a series of physiological results ensuing from the occurrence of significant urinary loss of protein. Although the common initiating event of proteinuria has long been established, the list of problems that result has continued to grow as our understanding of the pathophysiology of nephrosis has increased. This article discusses this pathophysiology, emphasizing the consequences of nephrotic-range proteinuria. These consequences include not only acute and subacute manifestations of disrupted homeostasis, but also ways in which nephrosis itself may amplify mechanisms by which progressive renal nephron loss occurs. New insights into the factors that initiate and maintain glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis may offer potential approaches to preventing or ameliorating chronic renal insufficiency.
Ultrasmall Nanocapsules Obtained by Controlling Ostwald Ripening (2021)

We describe here a method to synthesize ultrasmall nanocapsules with a diameter of 6 nm, exhibiting a well-defined core-shell morphology. Remarkably, the nanocapules are synthesized in a miniemulsion process without the need of large amounts of surfactant as commonly used in the microemulsion process. Ultrasmall nanocapsules with an oil core and a silica shell are formed by the concurrent processes of a sol-gel reaction and Ostwald ripening. Using solvents with different water solubilities and alkoxysilanes with different reactivities, we demonstrate that sizes of obtained nanocapsules depend on the ripening rate and alkoxysilane conversion rate. The method can be also used for encapsulating natural oils such as peppermint oil and limonene. This work shows that the Ostwald ripening phenomenon can be employed beneficially for the preparation of very small colloids.
Data from A Novel Engineered Small Protein for Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of Human Programmed Death Ligand-1: Validation in Mouse Models and Human Cancer Tissues (2023)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;To design and evaluate a small engineered protein binder targeting human programmed death-1 ligand (hPD-L1) &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; for PET imaging in four mouse tumor models, and &lt;i&gt;in situ&lt;/i&gt; in human cancer specimens.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; The hPD-L1 protein binder, FN3&lt;sub&gt;hPD-L1&lt;/sub&gt;, was engineered using a 12-kDa human fibronectin type-3 domain (FN3) scaffold. The binder's affinity was assayed in CT26 mouse colon carcinoma cells stably expressing hPD-L1 (CT26/hPD-L1). &lt;sup&gt;64&lt;/sup&gt;Cu-FN3&lt;sub&gt;hPD-L1&lt;/sub&gt; was assayed for purity, specific activity, and immunoreactivity. Four groups of NSG mice (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 3–5/group) were imaged with &lt;sup&gt;64&lt;/sup&gt;Cu-FN3&lt;sub&gt;hPD-L1&lt;/sub&gt; PET imaging (1–24 hours postinjection of 3.7 MBq/7 μg of Do-FN3 in 200 μL PBS): Nod SCID Gamma (NSG) mice bearing (i) syngeneic CT26/hPD-L1tumors, (ii&lt;sub&gt;hPD-L1&lt;/sub&gt; binder, (iii&lt;sub&gt;hPD-L1&lt;/sub&gt; binder staining was evaluated against validated hPD-L1 antibodies by immunostaining in human cancer specimens.&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;FN3&lt;sub&gt;hPD-L1&lt;/sub&gt; bound hPD-L1 with 1.4 ± 0.3 nmol/L affinity in CT26/hPD-L1 cells. &lt;sup&gt;64&lt;/sup&gt;Cu-FN3&lt;sub&gt;hPD-L1&lt;/sub&gt; radiotracer showed &gt;70% yield and &gt;95% purity. &lt;sup&gt;64&lt;/sup&gt;Cu-FN3&lt;sub&gt;hPD-L1&lt;/sub&gt; PET imaging of mice bearing CT26/hPD-L1 tumors showed tumor-to-muscle ratios of 5.6 ± 0.9 and 13.1 ± 2.3 at 1 and 4 hours postinjection, respectively. The FN3&lt;sub&gt;hPD-L1&lt;/sub&gt; binder detected hPD-L1 expression in human tissues with known hPD-L1 expression status based on two validated antibodies.&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;The &lt;sup&gt;64&lt;/sup&gt;Cu-FN3&lt;sub&gt;hPD-L1&lt;/sub&gt; radiotracer represents a novel, small, and high-affinity binder for imaging hPD-L1 in tumors. Our data support further exploration and clinical translation of this binder for noninvasive identification of cancer patients who may respond to immune checkpoint blockade therapies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Polymer Photovoltaic Devices from Stratified Multilayers of Donor-Acceptor Blends (2000)

The conversion efficiencies of organic photovoltaic devices have been improved by a factor of 4–5 by introducing a large surface-area interface between the donor and acceptor layers. Stratified films of a fullerene-based acceptor (see Figure) were spin-coated on top of a donor (MDMO-PPV), forming a diffuse interface with unusual morphology that displayed high energy-conversion efficiencies.
Publisher's Note: Packing hyperspheres in high-dimensional Euclidean spaces [Phys. Rev. E74, 041127 (2006)] (2007)

Received 13 February 2007DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.75.029901©2007 American Physical Society
IR and NMR Study of the Chemisorption of Ammonia on Trimethylaluminum-Modified Silica (2000)

The saturating reaction of ammonia was studied on trimethylaluminum (TMA)-modified porous silica. This reaction step completes a reaction cycle of TMA and ammonia in aluminum nitride growth by atomic layer chemical vapor deposition (ALCVD), a technique based on well-separated saturating gas−solid reactions. The reaction was studied from 423 to 823 K. In addition, the separate reactions of TMA at 423 K and ammonia at 823 K were studied on silica dehydroxylated at 1023 K. The reaction products on the surface were identified by IR and 29Si, 13C, and 1H NMR spectroscopy, and they were quantified by element determinations and 1H NMR. In the reaction of TMA on silica, methyl groups were attached to the surface indirectly through aluminum and through direct bonding to silicon. In the subsequent ammonia reaction, ligand exchange of ammonia with the methyl groups occurred at all reaction temperatures, resulting in primary amino groups and the release of methane. Also, secondary amino groups were found on the surface, and quantitative determinations indicated the presence of tertiary amino groups, especially at high reaction temperatures. In addition, especially at low reaction temperatures, ammonia chemisorbed associatively on the TMA-modified silica. All of the methyl groups bonded to aluminum were removed with ammonia at 573−623 K, and about 80% of the methyl groups bonded to silicon were removed at 823 K; amino groups bonded to both aluminum and silicon were left behind. The higher the reaction temperature, the smaller was the average number of hydrogen atoms (x) in the amino groups (NHx).
A Quadrature Pickup for Inductive Power Transfer Systems (2007)

The development of a new quadrature pickup configuration is described that improves the lateral tolerance of power-pickups relative to the track in inductive power transfer (IPT) systems. This is achieved using coils mounted in quadrature on a standard pick-up to capture both the tangential and vertical flux components from the IPT track. The arrangement of the two pick-up coils ensures that they remain un-coupled with each other allowing independent control and operation. A suitable pickup controller for power regulation is presented and a prototype constructed and tested in the laboratory. Measurements verify the design and show a substantially improved power profile compared with standard pick-up regulators. A method of extending the power profile further using a meander track configuration is also presented.
Optimization and Inverse-design Techniques for Metalens Synthesis (2020)

Phase-gradient metasurfaces enable designers to tailor the behavior of electromagnetic waves at surfaces by exploiting the generalized form of Snell's law. This ability has led to the investigation of metalenses which have the potential to significantly reduce the size, weight, and power (SWaP) of conventional optical systems. While traditional lenses are made from individual glasses, metalenses are comprised of patterned meta-atom unit cells which are arranged in such a way so as to give the metalens its desired behavior. Therefore, any metalens's performance is ultimately determined by that of its underlying unit cell components. However, designing meta-atoms that simultaneously achieve high performance over wide frequency bandwidths and fields-of-view is an extremely challenging problem that is best addressed with powerful optimization and inverse-design techniques.
NAAG Peptidase Inhibitor Reduces Acute Neuronal Degeneration and Astrocyte Damage following Lateral Fluid Percussion TBI in Rats (2005)

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) produces a rapid and excessive elevation in extracellular glutamate associated with excitotoxicity and secondary brain pathology. The peptide neurotransmitter Nacetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG) suppresses glutamate transmission through selective activation of presynaptic Group II metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 3 (mGluR3). Thus, inhibition of NAAG peptidase activity and the prolong presence of synaptic NAAG were hypothesized to have significant potential for cellular protection following TBI. In the present study, a novel NAAG peptidase inhibitor, ZJ-43, was used in four different doses (0, 50, 100, or 150 mg/kg). Each dose was repeatedly administered i.p. (n=5/group) by multiple injections at three times (0 time, 8 h, 16 h) after moderate lateral fluid percussion TBI in the rat. An additional group was co-administered ZJ-43 (150 mg/kg) and the Group II mGluR antagonist, LY341495 (1 mg/kg), which was predicted to abolish any protective effects of ZJ-43. Rats were euthanized at 24 h after TBI, and brains were processed with a selective marker for degenerating neurons (Fluoro-Jade B) and a marker for astrocytes (GFAP). Ipsilateral neuronal degeneration and bilateral astrocyte loss in the CA2/3 regions of the hippocampus were quantified using stereological techniques. Compared with vehicle, ZJ-43 significantly reduced the number of the ipsilateral degenerating neurons (p<0.01) with the greatest neuroprotection at the 50 mg/kg dose. Moreover, LY341495 successfully abolished the protective effects of ZJ-43. 50 mg/kg of ZJ-43 also significantly reduced the ipsilateral astrocyte loss (p<0.05). We conclude that the NAAG peptidase inhibitor ZJ-43 is a potential novel strategy to reduce both neuronal and astrocyte damage associated with the glutamate excitotoxicity after TBI.
An Effective Sweep—Cleaning of Large Deviated Wellbores Using Small Coiled-Tubing Systems (2005)

Abstract The use of coiled-tubing systems has proven practical and cost effective for many well intervention procedures. With the development of better quality, longer, and larger-sized coiled-tubing systems, the variety of processes available for using coiled-tubing systems continues to rise rapidly. One application is the removal of heavy solids through a deviated wellbore section, which causes immense difficulties to the operator. Even when the particulate drop rate through the carrier fluid is slow, this velocity is increased by up to ten times in deviated wellbore sections; which can cause failure, and even worse, sticking of tubing. A method that is successful in counteracting this phenomenon is discussed in this paper. The need for increased flow rates, meaning the use of larger coiled-tubing systems, is not necessary for this method; thus allowing effective cleanup through smaller production tubing.
Enhanced stabilization of a stable single domain antibody for SEB toxin by random mutagenesis and stringent selection (2014)

Single domain antibodies, recombinant variable heavy domains derived from the unique heavy-chain only antibodies found in camelids and sharks, are exceptionally rugged due to their ability to refold following heat or chemical denaturation. In addition, a number of single domain antibodies have been found to possess high melting points which provide an even greater degree of stability; one of these, llama-derived A3, is a binder of Staphylococcal enterotoxin B and has a Tm of 83.5 °C. In this work, we utilized random mutagenesis and stringent selection in an effort to obtain variants of A3 with even higher melting points. This effort resulted in the selection of a double mutant, A3-T28I-S72I, which has a melting point of 90.0 °C and near wild-type affinity for the target antigen. We further characterized the mutations individually to determine that while both contributed to the thermal stabilization, the T28I mutation accounted for ∼ 4.1 °C of the 6.5 °C increase. This work demonstrates that by the addition of relatively subtle changes it is possible to further improve the melting temperature of single domain antibodies that are already remarkably stable.
Tracking of the origin of recurrent mutations of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes in the North-East of Italy and improved mutation analysis strategy (2016)

Proofs of common ancestry has been obtained for the eight recurrent mutations. The observed genotype-phenotype correlation and the proposed rapid mutation detection strategy could improve the clinical management of breast and ovarian patients in North-East of Italy and neighboring geographic areas.
Mechanistic Aspects of Nitroxide-Mediated Controlled Radical Polymerization of Styrene in Miniemulsion, Using a Water-Soluble Radical Initiator (2000)

Nitroxide-mediated controlled free-radical polymerization of styrene was studied in a miniemulsion system. The use of an acyclic β-phosphonylated nitroxide enabled polymerization to be performed at a temperature below 100 °C, typically 90 °C. A bicomponent initiating system was chosen, i.e., a radical initiator in conjunction with added free nitroxide. This work focused on the mechanistic understanding of the polymerization. The parameters that affect both the kinetics of polymerization and the control of the molar mass and molar mass distribution have been examined and discussed, such as the nature and concentration of the pH buffer, the initiator concentration, the monomer/water ratio, and the process for chain extension.
3D printing of oral drugs: a new reality or hype? (2017)

KEYWORDS: 3D printingoral solid dosage formadvanced drug deliverypersonalized medicinetranslational pharmaceuticsdecentralized manufacturing
Development of a compact and fast response detector using an Yb:Lu2O3scintillator for lifetime sensitive positron emission tomography (2014)

We propose a method for obtaining three-dimensional imaging measurements of the defect distribution inside industrial materials by measuring positron lifetimes, in addition to using the imaging technique of positron emission tomography. A compact and fast response detector that uses an Yb3+-doped Lu2O3 scintillator and a photomultiplier tube was developed and tested. Yb3+ charge transfer luminescence exhibits a fast response in the ultraviolet and visible regions. The first measurement of the positron lifetime for a bulk material using an Yb:Lu2O3 scintillator was carried out. The lifetime of positrons created inside an yttria-stabilized zirconia block via pair production produced by ultrashort photon pulses was successfully measured.
CD40 Ligand-Dependent Activation of Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes by Adeno-Associated Virus Vectors In Vivo: Role of Immature Dendritic Cells (2000)

Recombinant adeno-associated virus type 2 (rAAV) is being explored as a vector for gene therapy because of its broad host range, good safety profile, and persistent transgene expression in vivo. However, accumulating evidence indicates that administration of AAV vector may initiate a detectable cellular and humoral immune response to its transduced neo-antigen in vivo. To elucidate the cellular basis of the AAV-mediated immune response, C57BL/6 mouse bone marrow-derived immature and mature dendritic cells (DCs) were infected with AAV encoding beta-galactosidase (AAV-lacZ) and adoptively transferred into mice that had received an intramuscular injection of AAV-lacZ 10 days earlier. Unexpectedly, C57BL/6 mice but not CD40 ligand-deficient (CD40L(-/-)) mice adoptively transferred with AAV-lacZ-infected immature DCs developed a beta-galactosidase-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response that markedly diminished AAV-lacZ-transduced gene expression in muscle fibers. In contrast, adoptive transfer of AAV-lacZ-infected mature DCs failed to elicit a similar CTL response in vivo. Our findings indicate, for the first time, that immature DCs may be able to elicit a CD40L-dependent T-cell immunity to markedly diminish AAV-lacZ transduced gene expression in vivo when a sufficient number of DCs capturing rAAV vector and/or its transduced gene products is recruited.