gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Morphological properties of airbrush spray-deposited enzymatic cellulose thin films (2018)

We investigate the layer formation of enzymatic cellulose by airbrush spray coating on silicon oxide surfaces. The layer structure and morphology of enzymatic cellulose films in the thickness range between 86 nm and 2.1 µm is determined as a function of the spray coating procedures. For each spray coating step, layer buildup, surface topography, crystallinity as well as the nanoscale structure are probed with atomic force microscopy and surface-sensitive X-ray scattering methods. Without intermittent drying, the film thickness saturates; with intermittent drying, a linear increase in layer thickness with the number of spray pulses is observed. A closed cellulose layer was always observed. The crystallinity remains unchanged; the nanoscale structures show three distinct sizes. Our results indicate that the smallest building blocks increasingly contribute to the morphology inside the cellulose network for thicker films, showing the importance of tailoring the cellulose nanofibrils. For a layer-by-layer coating, intermittent drying is mandatory.
Defining Galactomannan Positivity in the Updated EORTC/MSGERC Consensus Definitions of Invasive Fungal Diseases (2020)

The consensus definitions of invasive fungal diseases from the EORTC/MSGERC were recently revised and updated. They now include consensus cutoff values for the galactomannan test that support the diagnosis of probable invasive aspergillosis. In this supplement article, we provide a rationale for these proposed thresholds based on the test's characteristics and performance in different patient populations and in different specimen types.
Treatment of cutaneous and subcutaneous tumors with electrochemotherapy using intralesional bleomycin (1998)

ECT was shown to be an effective local treatment for cutaneous malignancies. The results suggest that ECT may have a tissue-sparing effect and result in minimal scarring. ECT may be a suitable alternative therapy for the treatment of basal cell carcinoma, local or regional recurrent melanoma, and other skin cancers.
Switching Off Hydrogen Peroxide Hydrogenation in the Direct Synthesis Process (2009)

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an important disinfectant and bleach and is currently manufactured from an indirect process involving sequential hydrogenation/oxidation of anthaquinones. However, a direct process in which H2 and O2 are reacted would be preferable. Unfortunately, catalysts for the direct synthesis of H2O2 are also effective for its subsequent decomposition, and this has limited their development. We show that acid pretreatment of a carbon support for gold-palladium alloy catalysts switches off the decomposition of H2O2. This treatment decreases the size of the alloy nanoparticles, and these smaller nanoparticles presumably decorate and inhibit the sites for the decomposition reaction. Hence, when used in the direct synthesis of H2O2, the acid-pretreated catalysts give high yields of H2O2 with hydrogen selectivities greater than 95%.
ConText: Contactless Sensors For Body Monitoring Incorporated In Textiles (2007)

The aim of the ConText project is to develop a vest with integrated sensors and electronics for constant monitoring of muscle activity. The vest measures muscle activity in order to derive the psychological stress level of a person. The ConText project proposes to develop a sensor technology, which requires no direct contact with the body, and to achieve a high level of integration of the sensors and electronics into textile. The realisation of contactless EMG sensors, textile integration of the sensors and the creation of a textile substrate with conductive wiring for data transmission and power supply will be the important parts of the project. The prototype will be used for dissemination and application development.
Contribution of rare copy number variants to bipolar disorder risk is limited to schizoaffective cases (2018)

Abstract Background Genetic risk for bipolar disorder (BD) is conferred through many common alleles, while a role for rare copy number variants (CNVs) is less clear. BD subtypes schizoaffective disorder bipolar type (SAB), bipolar I disorder (BD I) and bipolar II disorder (BD II) differ according to the prominence and timing of psychosis, mania and depression. The factors contributing to the combination of symptoms within a given patient are poorly understood. Methods Rare, large CNVs were analyzed in 6353 BD cases (3833 BD I [2676 with psychosis, 850 without psychosis], 1436 BD II, 579 SAB) and 8656 controls. Measures of CNV burden were integrated with polygenic risk scores (PRS) for schizophrenia (SCZ) to evaluate the relative contributions of rare and common variants to psychosis risk. Results CNV burden did not differ in BD relative to controls when treated as a single diagnostic entity. Burden in SAB was increased compared to controls (p-value = 0.001), BD I (p-value = 0.0003) and BD II (p-value = 0.0007). Burden and SCZ PRS were higher in SAB compared to BD I with psychosis (CNV p-value = 0.0007, PRS p-value = 0.004) and BD I without psychosis (CNV p-value = 0.0004, PRS p-value = 3.9 × 10 −5 ). Within BD I, psychosis was associated with higher SCZ PRS (p-value = 0.005) but not with CNV burden. Conclusions CNV burden in BD is limited to SAB. Rare and common genetic variants may contribute differently to risk for psychosis and perhaps other classes of psychiatric symptoms.
Elemental ratio measurements of organic compounds using aerosol mass spectrometry: characterization, improved calibration, and implications (2014)

Abstract. Elemental compositions of organic aerosol (OA) particles provide useful constraints on OA sources, chemical evolution, and effects. The Aerodyne high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS) is widely used to measure OA elemental composition. This study evaluates AMS measurements of atomic oxygen-to-carbon (O : C), hydrogen-to-carbon (H : C), organic mass-to-organic carbon (OM : OC), and carbon oxidation state (OSC) for a vastly expanded laboratory dataset of multifunctional oxidized OA standards. For the expanded standard dataset, the "Aiken-Explicit" method (Aiken et al., 2008), which uses experimentally measured ion intensities at all ions to determine elemental ratios, reproduces known molecular O : C and H : C ratio values within 20% (average absolute value of relative errors) and 12% respectively. The more commonly used "Aiken-Ambient" method, which uses empirically estimated H2O+ and CO+ ion intensities to avoid gas phase air interferences at these ions, reproduces O : C and H : C of multifunctional oxidized species within 28% and 14% of known values. These values are systematically biased low, however, with larger biases observed for alcohols and simple diacids. A detailed examination of the H2O+, CO+, and CO2+ fragments in the high-resolution mass spectra of the standard compounds indicates that the Aiken-Ambient method underestimates the CO+ and H2O+ produced from many oxidized species. Combined AMS-vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) ionization measurements indicate that these ions are produced by dehydration and decarboxylation on the AMS vaporizer (usually operated at 600 °C). Thermal decomposition is observed to be efficient at vaporizer temperatures down to 200 °C. These results are used together to develop an "Improved-Ambient" elemental analysis method for AMS spectra measured in air. The Improved-Ambient method reduces the systematic biases and reproduces O : C (H : C) ratios of individual oxidized standards within 28% (13%) of the known molecular values. The error in Improved-Ambient O : C and H : C values is smaller (12% and 4% respectively) for synthetic mixtures of the oxidized organic standards, which are more representative of the complex mix of species present in ambient OA. For ambient OA, the Improved-Ambient method produces O : C (H : C) values that are 27% (11%) larger than previously published Aiken-Ambient values; a corresponding increase of 9% is observed for OM : OC values. These results imply that ambient OA has a higher relative oxygen content than previously estimated. The OSC values calculated for ambient OA by the two methods agree well, however (average relative difference of 0.06 OSC units). This indicates that OSC is a more robust metric of oxidation than O : C, likely since OSC is not affected by hydration or dehydration, either in the atmosphere or during analysis.
Vector-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is associated with improved T-cell responses in hematological neoplasia (2023)

In order to elucidate mechanisms for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccination success in hematological neoplasia, we, herein, provide a comprehensive characterization of the spike-specific T-cell and serological immunity induced in 130 patients in comparison with 91 healthy controls. We studied 121 distinct T-cell subpopulations and the vaccination schemes as putative response predictors. In patients with lymphoid malignancies an insufficient immunoglobulin G (IgG) response was accompanied by a healthy CD4+ T-cell function. Compared with controls, a spike-specific CD4+ response was detectable in fewer patients with myeloid neoplasia whereas the seroconversion rate was normal. Vaccination-induced CD4+ responses were associated to CD8+ and IgG responses. Vector-based AZD1222 vaccine induced more frequently detectable specific CD4+ responses in study participants across all cohorts (96%; 27 of 28), whereas fully messenger RNA-based vaccination schemes resulted in measurable CD4+ cells in only 102 of 168 participants (61%; P < .0001). A similar benefit of vector-based vaccination was observed for the induction of spike-specific CD8+ T cells. Multivariable models confirmed vaccination schemes that incorporated at least 1 vector-based vaccination as key feature to mount both a spike-specific CD4+ response (odds ratio, 10.67) and CD8+ response (odds ratio, 6.56). Multivariable analyses identified a specific CD4+ response but not the vector-based immunization as beneficial for a strong, specific IgG titer. Our study reveals factors associated with a T-cell response in patients with hematological neoplasia and might pave the way toward tailored vaccination schemes for vaccinees with these diseases. The study was registered at the German Clinical Trials Register as #DRKS00027372.
Observations of five moderate-luminosity far-infrared sources in Orion and Monoceros (1978)

Far-infrared and submillimeter observations of Orion Molecular Cloud-2 (OMC-2), OMC-1, OMC-3, NGC 2024 and Monoceros R2 are reported. The areas surveyed include far-infrared sources with luminosities between 100 and 250,000 solar luminosities. The data are employed to estimate masses and column densities for the radiating clouds, the radial dependence of the density in the clouds, and the masses of the stellar clusters. Brightness temperatures of both the extended and compact far-infrared sources in OMC-2 are found to be lower than the brightness temperature of the extended (C-12)O emission, indicating an important role in (C-12)O heating for stars external to the compact center.
Evidence of Activation and Suppression during the Early Immune Response to Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus (2011)

Foot-and-mouth disease virus causes a serious disease of livestock species, threatening free global trade and food security. The disease spreads rapidly between animals, and to ensure a window of opportunity for such spread, the virus has evolved multiple mechanisms to subvert the early immune response. The cycle of infection in the individual animal is very short, infection is initiated, disseminated throughout the body and infectious virus produced in <7 days. Foot-and-mouth disease virus has been shown to disrupt the innate response in vitro and also interacts directly with antigen-presenting cells and their precursors. This interaction results in suboptimal immune function, favouring viral replication and the delayed onset of specific adaptive T-cell responses. Detailed understanding of this cycle is crucial to effectively control disease in livestock populations. Knowledge-based vaccine design would specifically target and induce the immunological mechanisms of early protection and of robust memory induction. Specifically, information on the contribution of cytokines and interferon, innate immune cells as well as humoral and cellular immunity can be employed to design vaccines promoting such responses. Furthermore, understanding of viral escape mechanisms of immunity can be used to create attenuated viruses that could be used to develop novel vaccines and to study viral pathogenesis.
Storing files in a parallel computing system based on user or application specification (2023)

Techniques are provided for storing files in a parallel computing system based on a user-specification. A plurality of files generated by a distributed application in a parallel computing system are stored by obtaining a specification from the distributed application indicating how the plurality of files should be stored; and storing one or more of the plurality of files in one or more storage nodes of a multi-tier storage system based on the specification. The plurality of files comprise a plurality of complete files and/or a plurality of sub-files. The specification can optionally be processed by a daemon executing on one or more nodes in a multi-tier storage system. The specification indicates how the plurality of files should be stored, for example, identifying one or more storage nodes where the plurality of files should be stored.
Real-time soft shadows with cone culling (2006)

We have developed a new physically-based technique for computing soft shadows from a shadow map for spherical lights. Shadow-map samples unprojected into world-space (micro-patches) are culled against a shadow cone wrapping all the possible shadow rays from the light to the surface location. Because of this volumetric test, the algorithm handles self-shadowing more robustly than traditional shadow mapping. The amount of shadowing contributed by each culled micro-patch is approximated by the solid angle subtended by the bounding sphere of the micro-patch over the solid angle of the light source. We describe a real-time implementation running entirely on a GPU. For each image pixel to shadow, the algorithm projects the pixel onto the near plane of the light frustum, and looks up occluding micro-patches in a dynamic disk kernel. To guarantee constant frame rates, the kernel is sampled using a fixed number of samples per pixel. Our results compare favorably to ray-tracing for images with no overlapping shadows.
Kisspeptin Signaling Is Required for the Luteinizing Hormone Response in Anestrous Ewes following the Introduction of Males (2013)

The introduction of a novel male stimulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis of female sheep during seasonal anestrus, leading to the resumption of follicle maturation and ovulation. How this pheromone cue activates pulsatile secretion of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)/luteinizing hormone (LH) is unknown. We hypothesised that pheromones activate kisspeptin neurons, the product of which is critical for the stimulation of GnRH neurons and fertility. During the non-breeding season, female sheep were exposed to novel males and blood samples collected for analysis of plasma LH profiles. Females without exposure to males served as controls. In addition, one hour before male exposure, a kisspeptin antagonist (P-271) or vehicle was infused into the lateral ventricle and continued for the entire period of male exposure. Introduction of a male led to elevated mean LH levels, due to increased LH pulse amplitude and pulse frequency in females, when compared to females not exposed to a male. Infusion of P-271 abolished this effect of male exposure. Brains were collected after the male effect stimulus and we observed an increase in the percentage of kisspeptin neurons co-expressing Fos, by immunohistochemistry. In addition, the per-cell expression of Kiss1 mRNA was increased in the rostral and mid (but not the caudal) arcuate nucleus (ARC) after male exposure in both aCSF and P-271 treated ewes, but the per-cell content of neurokinin B mRNA was decreased. There was also a generalized increase in Fos positive cells in the rostral and mid ARC as well as the ventromedial hypothalamus of females exposed to males. We conclude that introduction of male sheep to seasonally anestrous female sheep activates kisspeptin neurons and other cells in the hypothalamus, leading to increased GnRH/LH secretion.
Supplementary Table 1 from A 12-Gene Set Predicts Survival Benefits from Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 49K, Multivariate Cox regression analysis of the 18-hub-gene prognostic signature and clinical variables in the UT Lung SPORE.&lt;/p&gt;
Evidence for the appearance of carbon-rich layer at the interface of SiC film/Si substrate (1997)

A porous carbon-rich layer with the thickness in submicron order is found to form at the interface between polycrystalline cubic SiC film and (100) Si substrate during the film growth using a reactive hydrogen plasma sputtering of ceramic SiC target. The appearance of the porous carbon-rich layer at the interface is due to an indiffusion of carbon atoms through the growing SiC film, and is related to the existence of a hollow voids at the interface. The results obtained in the present study suggest that the indiffusion of carbon atoms through the film may result SiC film growth at the interface.
System-on-Chip: Reuse and Integration (2006)

Over the past ten years, as integrated circuits became increasingly more complex and expensive, the industry began to embrace new design and reuse methodologies that are collectively referred to as system-on-chip (SoC) design. In this paper, we focus on the reuse and integration issues encountered in this paradigm shift. The reusable components, called intellectual property (IP) blocks or cores, are typically synthesizable register-transfer level (RTL) designs (often called soft cores) or layout level designs (often called hard cores). The concept of reuse can be carried out at the block, platform, or chip levels, and involves making the IP sufficiently general, configurable, or programmable, for use in a wide range of applications. The IP integration issues include connecting the computational units to the communication medium, which is moving from ad hoc bus-based approaches toward structured network-on-chip (NoC) architectures. Design-for-test methodologies are also described, along with verification issues that must be addressed when integrating reusable components.
The Impact of Vitamin D on Dendritic Cell Function in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (2010)

We report on severe 25-D deficiency in a substantial percentage of SLE patients tested and demonstrate an inverse correlation with disease activity. Our results suggest that vitamin D supplementation will contribute to restoring immune homeostasis in SLE patients through its inhibitory effects on DC maturation and activation. We are encouraged to support the importance of adequate vitamin D supplementation and the need for a clinical trial to assess whether vitamin D supplementation affects IFNalpha activity in vivo and, most importantly, improves clinical outcome.
Transmultiplex using fractional delays (2002)

We propose an alternative technique to the implementation of discrete wavelet multitone systems based on fractional-delay filter banks. The technique yields orthogonal subband signals and allows independent equalization for each subband at the receiver end. When compared to systems employing cosine-modulated filter banks, our technique shows better performance in terms of bit-error rate, particularly for low signal-to-noise ratios and highly selective channels.
Plasticity of Fe-Oxypnictides Superconductor (2008)

Compressive deformation of LaFeAsO 0.9 F 0.1 was examined in a He gas at temperatures 1373–1673 K. Extraordinary large deformation (up to true strain of 1.6, the height of the specimen reduced to 1/5 of the original height) was observed at strain rate 10 -4 s -1 and at 1673 K. XRD revealed the preferential orientation along crystallographic c -axis occured during deformation. The superconducting phase ( T c - 26 K) could be retained after the deformation.
<title>Concurrent multilevel simulation of an ultrahigh-speed chemical imaging spectrometer: a design tool to decrease time and cost of prototyping</title> (1997)

Dwindling research and development funds coupled with increasing customer demands and rapidly developing technologies present a difficult dilemma to systems developers. A current area of innovation is the integration of the abundant but diverse computer resources (both hardware and software) into practical and powerful computing environments to support the product development processes in the industrial and defense sectors. Edgewood has leveraged a number of existing resources to create a `virtual prototyping' environment based on the principles of Concurrent Multi-Level Simulation. We named our environment the `Computational Prototyping Network'.
Engineering of thermo-/pH-responsive membranes with enhanced gating coefficients, reversible behaviors and self-cleaning performance through acetic acid boosted microgel assembly (2018)

The gating mechanism of stomates regulated by guard cells provides inspiration for the design of smart gating membranes.
Growth processes in a cascade of bioreactors: Mathematical models (1999)

Abstract Mathematical modeling of continuous multiple bioreactors is complicated by two factors. First, the chemical environments differ in different reactors, so biomass receives an environmental shock when it is transferred between reactors. Second, biomass occurs as discrete cells, which of course are and remain segregated from one another, so an element of biomass that enters a reactor does not mix with the biomass already present. This differs from the behavior of an element of liquid which enters a reactor in that such an element quickly mixes with the liquid already present. The biomass in a bioreactor receiving biomass from an external source is therefore heterogeneous with respect to the history of environmental conditions and composition. This article shows how to construct a mathematical model of multiple bioreactor apparatus that accounts for these complications. It also describes simpler models that do not account for both of them.
Innovating the multimedia experience (2011)

In this panel, each panelist will present their view of the current state-of-the-art of research and product innovations in the three major areas of multimedia experience: visual, auditory and gaming. We will discuss examples of innovation that enhance the consumption and sharing of multimedia (video, audio, graphics etc.) and thus increase quality of user experience. Another major focus of this panel is to open the discussion on how to innovate new multimedia user experiences.
Highly Stable Pleated‐Sheet Secondary Structure in Assemblies of Amphiphilic α/β‐Peptides at the Air–Water Interface (2009)

Nettes Treffen an der Grenzfläche: Das De-novo-Design und die Charakterisierung amphiphiler α/β-Peptide wird beschrieben. An der Luft-Wasser-Grenzfläche bilden diese Peptide geordnete zweidimensionale Assoziate aus Oligomeren in gefalteter Konformation ähnlich den β-Faltblättern von α-Peptiden. Die Stellung ionischer Seitenketten am Rückgrat kann einen ausgeprägten Einfluss auf die Neigung zur Selbstorganisation haben.