gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phase-Change Memory Models for Deep Learning Training and Inference (2019)

Non-volatile analog memory devices such as phase-change memory (PCM) enable designing dedicated connectivity matrices for the hardware implementation of deep neural networks (DNN). In this in-memory computing approach, the analog conductance states of the memory device can be gradually updated to train DNNs on-chip or software trained connection strengths may be programmed one-time to the devices to create efficient inference engines. Reliable and computationally simple models that capture the non-ideal programming and temporal evolution of the devices are needed for evaluating the training and inference performance of the deep learning hardware based on in-memory computing. In this paper, we present statistically accurate models for PCM, based on the characterization of more than 10,000 devices, that capture the state-dependent nature and variability of the conductance update, conductance drift, and read noise. Integrating the computationally simple device models with deep learning frameworks such as TensorFlow enables us to realistically evaluate training and inference performance of the PCM array based hardware implementations of DNNs.
Hydraulic Fracture Monitoring as a Tool to Improve Reservoir Management (2005)

Abstract We present the results of a multi-stage hydraulic fracture monitoring campaign performed during 2004 on one of Dominion Exploration and Production, Inc. producing well in the mature tight gas Sawyer field, Sutton County, Texas. The purpose of these microseismic monitoring surveys was to determine the overall geometry of the hydraulically induced fractures in the Canyon Sand formation. Information and results derived from the microseismic interpretation were used to provide the operator with recommendations for reservoir management (e.g., drilling patterns, new well placement, completion practices, etc.) An initial borehole seismic survey confirmed optimum tool positioning to accommodate background noise and acoustic coupling. Additionally, calibration of sonic velocities was performed. All these factors led to an unprecedented level of understanding of the treated formations. All available pieces of information pertaining to the monitoring and treatment wells were combined to give a calibrated velocity model, which lead to the accurate processing of the microseismic data acquired during the one-day long hydraulic fracture operation. The stimulation treatments utilized a titanate fracturing fluid system assisted with carbon dioxide. All six stages, except one that was surface pressure limited, were successfully placed with very little or no adjustment to the treatment design. All imaged fracture systems were oriented along the same azimuth. Larger than anticipated fracture heights were generated, and the acoustically-defined effective lateral extent of the various fracture systems was less than anticipated. Higher than designed fracture heights illustrate that it may be beneficial prior to the next design to measure specific formation mechanical parameters (e.g., in-situ stress, Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, etc.) for simulation purposes. To minimize height development, fracturing fluids exhibiting lower fluid viscosity, injection rate adjustments, etc. have been recommended. Imaged fracture systems, all oriented along the same azimuth, suggested that present drilling pattern was inadequate for optimum drainage. Therefore, new locations for increased density drilling have been decided. Such wells are currently being drilled. To further complement the added value of the information obtained with this data, we are performing a prorated production analysis. This will help determining effective permeability, effective fracture half-length, fracture conductivity, and skin damage factors. As well as it will allow the design, execution and evaluation cycle to be complete and provide us with lessons learned and best practices to implement in upcoming wells and operations.
MyD88S, a splice variant of MyD88, differentially modulates NF‐κB‐ and AP‐1‐dependent gene expression (2003)

MyD88 is an adapter protein that is involved in Toll-like receptor (TLR)- and interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R)-induced activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). By directly binding IL-1R-associated kinase (IRAK)-1 and IRAK-4, MyD88 serves as a bridging protein, enabling IRAK-4-induced IRAK-1 phosphorylation. We previously identified a lipopolysaccharide-inducible splice variant of MyD88, MyD88(S), which specifically prevents the recruitment of IRAK-4 into the IL-1R complex and thus inhibits IRAK-4-mediated IRAK-1 phosphorylation. MyD88(S) is not able to activate NF-kappaB, and in contrast functions as a dominant negative inhibitor of TLR/IL-1R-induced NF-kappaB activation. Unexpectedly, we here demonstrate that MyD88(S) still allows JNK phosphorylation and activator protein (AP)-1-dependent reporter gene induction upon overexpression in HEK293T cells. These observations indicate that NF-kappaB and JNK activation pathways can already diverge at the level of MyD88. Moreover, the regulated expression of a MyD88 splice variant which specifically interferes with NF-kappaB- but not AP-1-dependent gene expression implies an important role for alternative splicing in the fine-tuning of TLR/IL-1R responses.
VLF-band power line channel sounding (2014)

It is commonly asserted that VLF band signals can penetrate distribution transformers. The best evidence for this may be the fact that several UNB-PLC systems are known to work in this band. However, precise quantifications of the channel transfer functions are necessary to determine how well those systems can work, in principal, and thus what is theoretically possible in the VLF band. We present the results of a recent survey conducted at multiple sites at multiple utilities in which broadband VLF signals are broadcast over the power line and recorded at distant points. The transmit and receive points are on separate low voltage networks, connected by at least one medium voltage network, and thus isolated from each other by at least two transformers. Those recordings have been analyzed and the transfer function of the resulting channel inferred with a high degree of confidence. Together with an analysis of the noise power spectral density the signal-to-noise ratio of a VLF-PLC link can be inferred. These findings illustrate the viability of future VLFPLC technologies.
Intermolecular cross-linking of DNA through bifunctional intercalation of an antitumor antibiotic, luzopeptin A (BBM-928A). (1983)

A bifunctional intercalator may intercalate with DNA in at least two ways. Both intercalating moieties may intercalate with the same DNA molecule (type I, intramolecular cross-linking) or with two separate DNA molecules (type II, intermolecular cross-linking). Production of type I is often assumed. Type II biintercalation has been suggested, but no direct evidence has been reported. In the present study, endonuclease-restricted PM2 phage or pBR322 plasmid DNA fragments were treated with the bifunctional intercalative antitumor antibiotics, luzopeptin A (BBM-928A) and echinomycin, and analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Luzopeptin A treatment produced additional DNA bands which were the products of type II biintercalation. The types of restriction fragments involved were identified. Maximal type II biintercalation occurred at a luzopeptin A/DNA range of 0.14 to 0.18, at which more than 50% of the total DNA molecules were involved. Type II products were converted gradually to type I products upon prolonged incubation at 37 degrees, probably due to the tendency for intermolecular bonds to disrupt. Echinomycin treatment failed to produce type II products, probably because of a DNA-binding affinity weaker than that of luzopeptin A. Thus, it is possible to use the present gel system to demonstrate the type II biintercalation for strong biintercalators, but milder systems are needed for weak biintercalators.
An 8-12 Kbit/S Embedded CELP Coder Interoperable with ITU-T G.729 CIDER: First Stage of the New G.729.1 Standard (2007)

ITU-T G.729.1 is a scalable coder recently standardized in ITU-T for wideband telephony and voice over IP (VoIP) applications. Composed of three stages, this codec provides a scalable bitstream between 8 and 32 kbit/s both in narrowband and wideband. This paper describes the first stage which is a narrowband embedded CELP coder at 8 and 12 kbit/s. The 8 kbit/s layer ensures interoperability with ITU-T G.729 standard with a reduced complexity, and with a quality better than G.729 Annex A. At 12 kbit/s, G.729.1 reaches the quality level of the 11.8 kbit/s G.729 Annex E in spite of the embedded structure. The modifications brought to the original G.729 scheme to achieve this performance are explained and formal test results provided.
An equivalent circuit model for the electromagnetic scattering from coupled quantum dots (2017)

In this paper, we recast the problem of interaction between a classical electromagnetic field and a pair of quantum dots coupled through dipole-dipole interaction in terms of an equivalent circuit model. Then, we use the introduced circuit to investigate the electromagnetic scattering from a pair of interacting quantum dots. Equivalent circuits for complex systems of quantum dots greatly simplify the analysis and the design of light-matter interaction processes at the nanoscale.
THE VIRTTEX HUMAN RATING PROCESS (2001)

Based on the VIRTTEX driving simulator's operational complexity and the intended use the facility, a safety review by a human-rating board (HRB) of experts was required. A human-rated system is one that incorporates design features, operational procedures, and adheres to other appropriate standards (i.e., ISO, ANSI, OSHA) necessary to safely accommodate human participants, maintenance and service personnel under both normal operation and in recovery from emergency situations. This paper details the human rating process established at Ford to certify VIRTTEX for human-in-the-loop experimentation. As part of this process the report describes the VIRTTEX systems being human rated, the tools and standards used to evaluate these systems, the HRB composition, the details of the documentation prepared for the HRB design review, the format of the HRB design review, and the approach used to resolve design review critical path issues. The time line for this process will also be outlined.
Osteoblasts remotely supply lung tumors with cancer-promoting SiglecF high neutrophils (2017)

Bone marrow-derived myeloid cells can accumulate within tumors and foster cancer outgrowth. Local immune-neoplastic interactions have been intensively investigated, but the contribution of the systemic host environment to tumor growth remains poorly understood. Here, we show in mice and cancer patients (<i>n</i> = 70) that lung adenocarcinomas increase bone stromal activity in the absence of bone metastasis. Animal studies reveal that the cancer-induced bone phenotype involves bone-resident osteocalcin-expressing (Ocn<sup>+</sup>) osteoblastic cells. These cells promote cancer by remotely supplying a distinct subset of tumor-infiltrating SiglecF<sup>high</sup> neutrophils, which exhibit cancer-promoting properties. Experimentally reducing Ocn<sup>+</sup> cell numbers suppresses the neutrophil response and lung tumor outgrowth. These observations posit osteoblasts as remote regulators of lung cancer and identify SiglecF<sup>high</sup> neutrophils as myeloid cell effectors of the osteoblast-driven protumoral response.
Electrically controllable liquid-crystal rotatable wave plate with variable phase retardation (2005)

Liquid-crystal- (LC-) based rotatable wave plates exhibiting phase retardation that is electrically controllable through more than 2pi and rotatable azimuthal orientation of the optical axis have been achieved. One outer surface of the LC cell is coated with a transparent electrode; this controls the phase retardation. A single wave plate of this type is shown to be capable of converting an arbitrary input polarization to any desired polarization, and its applicability to feedback polarization control is demonstrated.
Development of an experimental setup to study carbon/epoxy composite subjected to simulated lightning current (2017)

A series of artificial lightning strike tests were performed on AS4/8552 carbon/epoxy laminated composites, at various peak currents. The objective of this work is to characterize lightning induced damage to carbon/epoxy composites. There has been a rising trend in using composites in modern aircrafts because these materials introduce many advantages over conventional materials. However, composites are not excellent conductors, and relatively insulating components affect their response and make them vulnerable to lightning strikes. To experimentally simulate the lightning discharge, an impulse current generator was designed and tuned to produce the artificial lightning discharges at 50, 125, and 200 kA nominal peak currents for lightning effects testing on composite structures. The lightning-induced damages and dielectric behavior of the specimen were investigated.
Multi-modal tabletop EUV reflectometry for characterization of nanostructures (2023)

We present a tabletop EUV imaging reflectometer that can characterize the geometry and composition of nanostructures. The setup can be operated in multiple modes — intensity reflectometry, scatter-reflectometry, or imaging reflectometry depending on the length scales and periodicity of the nanostructures present. All these modes of metrology can be performed non-destructively and in a lab-scale setup, using a tabletop high-harmonic coherent EUV source.
2D silicon-based surface-normal vertical cavity photonic crystal waveguide array for high-density optical interconnects (2013)

In this paper, we present the design guidelines, fabrication challenges and device evaluation results of a surface-normal photonic crystal waveguide array for high-density optical interconnects. We utilize the slow light effect of photonic crystals to increase the effective interaction length between photons and medium, which in turn can be used to decrease the physical length and make compact devices. The effect of the structural parameters variations on the guided mode are studied in order to provide a guideline for fabrication. Photonic crystal waveguides are vertically implemented in a silicon-on insulator substrate. Our structure possesses advantages such as universal design, CMOS compatibility, and simple fabrication process, suitable for high dense on-chip applications. Transmission results show increase of power near 1.67 &mu;m wavelength, which agrees with our simulation results.
Polymorphous/crystalline heterojunction solar cell with low cost industrial process on p type monocrystalline silicon (2005)

International audience
Transformational Solar Array Option I Final Report (2017)

This report summarizes the work performed under NASA contract NNC16CA19C from May 2, 2017 through April 2, 2018. This work is directed toward meeting the goals of the associated NASA NRA and, of course, the requirements of the contract. In brief, the goals are: (1) Over 47% beginning of life cell efficiency at 5 AU and -125 °C (2) Over 32% end of life efficiency at the blanket level at 50 W m-2, -125 °C and 4E15 1 MeV e cm-2 (3) Over 8 W kg-1 at EOL for the entire array including structure, deployment, and pointing mechanisms using beginning of life performance. (4) A stowed packaging density of greater than 66 kW m-3 (5) An ability to survive launch and numerous deploy retract cycles without degradation (6) An output higher than 300 V (7) An ability to operate in a plasma generated by xenon thrusters, typically 1E8 cm-3 ions with an average energy of 2 eV (8) A design compatible with electrostatic and magnetic cleanliness (9) Record breaking inverted metamorphic (IMM) 6 junction solar cells (10) IMM solar cells that have no anomalous flat spot behavior at low irradiance and low temperature (11) A mock-up production line for the low-cost manufacture of spacecraft blanket arrays. The Option I phase of the project continued efforts, started in the base-phase, to eliminate or reduce to very low levels the flat spots that reduce power to an unacceptable value in a significant percentage of cells and to reduce outgassing contamination of the concentrators to acceptable levels. Option I adds tasks to increase the efficiency of IMM cells from those produced in the Base Phase, to eliminate delamination of the coatings that were present in previous versions of the concentrator mirrors, to evaluate pressure sensitive adhesive as a method of fixing solar cell assemblies to blankets, to design a magnetically clean brake for ROSA, to test the robustness of a sample blanket in deploy and retract, to test for the adequate performance of a blanket in vibration and thermal environments, and to define the capital equipment needed to optimize production of the Transformational Array. 5 Work for this Final Report showed that the greatest likely improvement in the solar cells would be by emphasizing the effort for the IMM4 solar cells and stopping work on other IMM cells. For this phase, the solar cell work was primarily on the IMM4 cells with little work on IMM5 and none on IMM6 cells.
Elimination of polarization dependent gain using polarization scrambling (1994)

Recent experiments have proven the feasibility of EDFA’s in long–span optical transmission systems. In several experiments, thousands of kilometers of transmission has been demonstrated, indicating the possibility of trans–oceanic links using this technology [1]. However, some problems related to the polarization of the signal light still remain unsolved. One of them is the change in the optical signal to noise ratio [2, 3] induced by the active polarization hole burning (PHB) which gives rise to at polarization dependent gain (PDG) in the EDFA’s. In reference [4] the PDG is measured to be in the order of 0.1 dB for an individual EDFA at a gain compression level of 3 dB, and both signal and pump state of polarization (SOP) is shown to be important for the PDG level.
Multi-Core Fibers for Ultra-High-Density Transmission Systems (2012)

Multi-core fibers, which are the strong candidates for enabling future high-density transmission system, have receiving great interest to meet the increase of the internet traffic demand. This manuscript includes their designing approach, manufacturing technique, recent characteristics and perspective. Also, their reliabilities, splicing technique and applications are summarized.
Data from Preclinical Activity of the Type II CD20 Antibody GA101 (Obinutuzumab) Compared with Rituximab and Ofatumumab <i>In Vitro</i> and in Xenograft Models (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;We report the first preclinical &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; comparison of GA101 (obinutuzumab), a novel glycoengineered type II CD20 monoclonal antibody, with rituximab and ofatumumab, the two currently approved type I CD20 antibodies. The three antibodies were compared in assays measuring direct cell death (AnnexinV/PI staining and time-lapse microscopy), complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), antibody-dependent cell-mediated phagocytosis (ADCP), and internalization. The models used for the comparison of their activity &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; were SU-DHL4 and RL xenografts. GA101 was found to be superior to rituximab and ofatumumab in the induction of direct cell death (independent of mechanical manipulation required for cell aggregate disruption formed by antibody treatment), whereas it was 10 to 1,000 times less potent in mediating CDC. GA101 showed superior activity to rituximab and ofatumumab in ADCC and whole-blood B-cell depletion assays, and was comparable with these two in ADCP. GA101 also showed slower internalization rate upon binding to CD20 than rituximab and ofatumumab. &lt;i&gt;In vivo&lt;/i&gt;, GA101 induced a strong antitumor effect, including complete tumor remission in the SU-DHL4 model and overall superior efficacy compared with both rituximab and ofatumumab. When rituximab-pretreated animals were used, second-line treatment with GA101 was still able to control tumor progression, whereas tumors escaped rituximab treatment. Taken together, the preclinical data show that the glyoengineered type II CD20 antibody GA101 is differentiated from the two approved type I CD20 antibodies rituximab and ofatumumab by its overall preclinical activity, further supporting its clinical investigation. &lt;i&gt;Mol Cancer Ther; 12(10); 2031–42. ©2013 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Spatial Superchannel Routing in a Two-Span ROADM System for Space Division Multiplexing (2013)

We report a two-span, 67-km space-division-multiplexed (SDM) wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) system incorporating the first reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexer (ROADM) supporting spatial superchannels and the first cladding-pumped multicore erbium-doped fiber amplifier directly spliced to multicore transmission fiber. The ROADM subsystem utilizes two conventional 1 × 20 wavelength selective switches (WSS) each configured to implement a 7 × (1 × 2) WSS. ROADM performance tests indicate that the subchannel insertion losses, attenuation accuracies, and passband widths are well matched to each other and show no significant penalty, compared to the conventional operating mode for the WSS. For 6 × 40 × 128-Gb/s SDM-WDM polarization-multiplexed quadrature phase-shift-keyed (PM-QPSK) transmission on 50 GHz spacing, optical signal-to-noise ratio penalties are less than 1.6 dB in Add, Drop, and Express paths. In addition, we demonstrate the feasibility of utilizing joint signal processing of subchannels in this two-span, ROADM system.
Borohydride metallocene complex of a lanthanide, catalytic system including the said complex, polymerisation method using same and ethylene/butadiene copolymer obtained using said method (2012)

US Patent 8,268,949
Double helical structure of the twist-bend nematic phase investigated by resonant X-ray scattering at the carbon and sulfur K-edges (2018)

The mesogenic dimer displaying nematic and NTB phases was investigated by resonant X-ray scattering at both C and S absorption K-edges and supported by single X-ray crystallography. In the crystal resonant studies revealed the forbidden reflection in non-resonant diffraction similar to that found in the NTB phase. The lack of a second harmonic in both C and S resonant X-ray scattering supports the double helical structure of the twist-bend nematic phase.
Analysis of the optical feedback dynamics in InAs/GaAs quantum dot lasers directly grown on silicon (2018)

This work reports on a systematic investigation of the influence of optical feedback in InAs/GaAs quantum dot lasers epitaxially grown on silicon. The boundaries associated to the onset of the critical feedback level corresponding to the first Hopf bifurcation are extracted at different bias conditions with respect to the onset of the first excited state transition. Overall, results show that quantum dot lasers directly grown onto silicon are much more resistant to optical feedback than quantum well lasers, mostly resulting from a small linewidth enhancement factor of high-quality quantum dot material. However, results also unveil that the onset of the critical feedback level strongly depends on the excited-to-ground-state ratio, hence a figure of merit showing that a small ratio of the excited-to-ground-state lasing thresholds is not beneficial for maintaining a high degree of stability. This work brings further insights in the understanding of quantum dot laser physics and is useful for designing feedback resistant lasers for isolator-free transmission in metro, access, and data center optical networks, as well as for integrated photonics.