gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Single-film Broadband Photonic Crystal Micro-mirror with Large Angular Range and Low Polarization Dependence (2007)

We experimentally demonstrate a photonic crystal (PC) slab dielectric mirror with reflectivity higher than 90% at optical communication wavelengths. The mirror shows low sensitivity to polarization and incident angle of the input beam.
Stabilization of the Collagen Triple Helix byO-Methylation of Hydroxyproline Residues (2008)

Collagen is the most abundant protein in animals, including humans. The prevalent (2S,4R)-4-hydroxyproline (Hyp) residues of collagen are known to confer great stability upon its triple-helical conformation. The basis for that stability has been attributed to hydration of the pendant hydroxyl groups. Here, that attribution is shown to be incorrect. Replacement of the natural Hyp residues with synthetic (2S,4R)-4-methoxyproline (Mop) residues is shown by circular dichroism spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry to increase the conformational stability of the collagen triple helix. The thermodynamic parameters indicate that, as expcted, O-methylation decreases the hydration of the triple helix. Apparently, hydration of Hyp residues is deleterious, rather than advantageous, to the collagen triple helix. The crystal structure of Ac-Mop-OMe reveals the manifestation of two stereoelectronic effects: a gauche effect and an n → π* interaction, which preorganize the main-chain atoms properly for triple-helix formation. Thus, the conformational stability conferred upon the collagen triple helix by O-methylation provides strong evidence that the hydroxyl group of Hyp acts primarily through stereoelectronic effects and that its hydration provides no benefit. This information could have practical utility, as Mop could be prepared in situ by the O-methylation of Hyp residues in natural collagen. Such a semisynthetic collagen could have superior properties as a biomaterial.
Focusing on a nickel hydrocorphinoid in a protein matrix: methane generation by methyl-coenzyme M reductase with F430 cofactor and its models (2022)

Methyl-coenzyme M reductase (MCR) containing a nickel hydrocorphinoid cofactor, F430, is an essential enzyme that catalyzes anaerobic methane generation and oxidation. The active Ni(I) species in MCR converts methyl-coenzyme M (CH<sub>3</sub>S-CoM) and coenzyme B (HS-CoB) to methane and heterodisulfide (CoM-S-S-CoB). Extensive experimental and theoretical studies focusing on the substrate-binding cavity including the F430 cofactor in MCR have suggested two principally different reaction mechanisms involving an organonickel CH<sub>3</sub>-Ni(III) species or a transient methyl radical species. In parallel with research on native MCR itself, the functionality of MCR has been investigated in the context of model complexes of F430 and recent protein-based functional models, which include a nickel complex. In the latter case, hemoproteins reconstituted with tetradehydro- and didehydrocorrinoid nickel complexes have been found to represent useful model systems that are responsible for methane generation. These efforts support the proposed mechanism of the enzymatic reaction and provide important insight into replicating the MCR-like methane-generation process. Furthermore, the modeling of MCR described here is expected to lead to understanding of protein-supported nickel porphyrinoid chemistry as well as the creation of MCR-inspired catalysis.
Search for long-lived particles produced in pp collisions at s=13  TeV that decay into displaced hadronic jets in the ATLAS muon spectrometer (2019)

A search for the decay of neutral, weakly interacting, long-lived particles using data collected by the ATLAS detector at the LHC is presented. The analysis in this paper uses 36.1 fb -1 of proton-proton collision data at ffiffi ffi s p 13 TeV recorded in 2015-2016. The search employs techniques for reconstructing vertices of long-lived particles decaying into jets in the muon spectrometer exploiting a two-vertex strategy and a novel technique that requires only one vertex in association with additional activity in the detector that improves the sensitivity for longer lifetimes. The observed numbers of events are consistent with the expected background and limits for several benchmark signals are determined.
Search for CP violation in D + → ϕπ + and $ D_s^{+}\to K_S^0{\pi^{+}} $ decays (2013)

A bstract A search for CP violation in D + → ϕπ + decays is performed using data collected in 2011 by the LHCb experiment corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb −1 at a centre of mass energy of 7 TeV. The CP -violating asymmetry is measured to be (−0 . 04 ± 0 . 14 ± 0 . 14)% for candidates with K − K + mass within 20 MeV /c 2 of the ϕ meson mass. A search for a CP -violating asymmetry that varies across the ϕ mass region of the D + → K − K + π + Dalitz plot is also performed, and no evidence for CP violation is found. In addition, the CP asymmetry in the $ D_s^{+}\to K_{\mathrm{S}}^0{\pi^{+}} $ decay is measured to be (0 . 61 ± 0 . 83 ± 0 . 14)%.
Immune response genes have a variable influence on the selection of antigenic foreign and self determinants of insulin. (1979)

We studied the proliferative response of mouse T lymphocytes to determinants on ungulate insulins. The immunopotency of defined determinants on the molecule was found to be regulated by three factors: the immune response genes of the immunized mouse, the mode of presentation of insulin on cells or in adjuvant, and the intramolecular cooperativity between different determinants on the insulin molecule. Autosensitization against self determinants was observed under specific conditions. These findings emphasize the variable expression of immune response genes.
N-glycolyl chondroitin synthesis using metabolically engineered E. coli (2020)

Abstract N - glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) is a sialic acid missing in humans but commonly found in mammals and is the proposed cause of “xenosialitis” in humans, a “xenoautoimmune” inflammatory reaction believed to result from humans consuming Neu5Gc from red meat that human cells incorporate into some cell types, but is also recognized as a foreign antigen. The production of antibodies against Neu5Gc-containing glycans causes inflammation that is hypothesized to be an aggravating factor to multiple diseases associated with red meat consumption, including cancers arising from epithelial cells lining hollow organs and atherosclerosis involving vascular endothelial cells. The small amounts of Neu5Gc involved is glycosidically-linked at the reducing end of glycans but is difficult to quantitate because of its location on endothelial and epithelial cells. A more stable recently discovered metabolite of Neu5Gc, N -glycolyl chondroitin (Gc-CN), is present in the serum of humans who eat red meat and is more easily isolated and analyzed. Here, we present the biosynthesis of Gc-CN by feeding chemically synthesized N -glycolylglucosamine to Escherichia coli . A metabolically engineered strain of E. coli K4, fed with glucose supplemented with GlcNGc, converted it to N -glycolylgalactosamine (GalNGc) that could then be utilized as a substrate in the chondroitin biosynthetic pathway. The final product, Gc-CN was converted to disaccharides using chondroitin lyase ABC and analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with multiple reaction monitoring detection. This analysis showed the incorporation of GalNGc into the backbone of the chondroitin oligosaccharide.
New Synthetic Routes for 1-Benzyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane and 1,4,7,10-Tetraazacyclododecane-1-acetic Acid Ethyl Ester, Important Starting Materials for Metal-coded DOTA-Based Affinity Tags (2007)

Two improved routes to synthesize 1-benzyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (6) and 1,4,7,10- tetraazacyclododecane-1-acetic acid ethyl ester (11) are described as well as the synthesis of 1-{2-[4-(maleimido-N-propylacetamidobutyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl}-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane- 4,7,10-triacetic acid (17) and its Y, Ho, Tm, and Lu complexes. The 1 H and 13 C NMR spectra of the new compounds as well as the single crystal X-ray structure analyses of the intermediates 4-benzyl-1,7-bis(p-toluenesulfonyl)diethylenetriamine (3) and 1,4,7-tris(p-toluenesulfonyl)diethylenetriamine (7) are reported and discussed. The rare earth complexes of 17 have been characterized by 1 H NMR spectroscopy and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry.
Three 2-(2-phenylethyl) chromones and two terpenes from agarwood (2005)

A new Chromone, 7,8-dimethoxy-2-[2-(3'-acetoxyphenyl)ethyl]chromone (1) was isolated from an acetone extract of the Cambodian agarwood along with two known chromones, 6-methoxy-2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone (2) and 6,7-dimethoxy-2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone (3). In addition, an abietane ester (4) and the sesquiterpene dehydrofukinone (5) were isolated from the agarwood oil of the same origin. Structural elucidation of all isolated compounds was made based on IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopic data.
Control architecture for digital twin-based human-machine interaction in a novel container unloading system (2020)

To facilitate physically exhausting tasks, semi-autonomous systems are introduced at manual industrial workplaces. This changes the role of the operator from a manual worker to a supervisor and intervener in case of problems. New human-machine interaction strategies providing operators with the means to solve problems are required to enable this role change seamlessly. For this purpose, we propose a novel control architecture based on a digital twin, present a newly developed semi-autonomous system for the industrial sector of container unloading, and apply the presented control architecture hereupon. Besides, a morphology for classification of unloading systems is proposed.
Effect of Sodium Channel Blockers on ST Segment, QRS Duration, and Corrected QT Interval in Patients with Brugada Syndrome (2000)

Our findings suggest that Na+ channel blockers amplify existing I(Na) and possibly other ion channel defects, with a potency inversely proportional to the rate of dissociation of the drug from the Na+ channel, thus causing a prominent elevation of the ST segment and, in some cases, prolongation of QRS duration in patients with Brugada syndrome.
Maxillary anterior papilla display during smiling: a clinical study of the interdental smile line. (2012)

The purpose of this research was to quantify the visual display (presence) or lack of display (absence) of interdental papillae during maximum smiling in a patient population aged 10 to 89 years. Four hundred twenty digital single-lens reflex photographs of patients were taken and examined for the visual display of interdental papillae between the maxillary anterior teeth during maximum smiling. Three digital photographs were taken per patient from the frontal, right frontal-lateral, and left frontal-lateral views. The data set of photographs was examined by two examiners for the presence or absence of the visual display of papillae. The visual display of interdental papillae during maximum smiling occurred in 380 of the 420 patients examined in this study, equivalent to a 91% occurrence rate. Eighty-seven percent of all patients categorized as having a low gingival smile line (n = 303) were found to display the interdental papillae upon smiling. Differences were noted for individual age groups according to the decade of life as well as a trend toward decreasing papillary display with increasing age. The importance of interdental papillae display during dynamic smiling should not be left undiagnosed since it is visible in over 91% of older patients and in 87% of patients with a low gingival smile line, representing a common and important esthetic element that needs to be assessed during smile analysis of the patient.
Primal-dual coding to probe light transport (2012)

We present primal-dual coding , a photography technique that enables direct fine-grain control over which light paths contribute to a photo. We achieve this by projecting a sequence of patterns onto the scene while the sensor is exposed to light. At the same time, a second sequence of patterns, derived from the first and applied in lockstep, modulates the light received at individual sensor pixels. We show that photography in this regime is equivalent to a matrix probing operation in which the elements of the scene's transport matrix are individually re-scaled and then mapped to the photo. This makes it possible to directly acquire photos in which specific light transport paths have been blocked, attenuated or enhanced. We show captured photos for several scenes with challenging light transport effects, including specular inter-reflections, caustics, diffuse inter-reflections and volumetric scattering. A key feature of primal-dual coding is that it operates almost exclusively in the optical domain: our results consist of directly-acquired, unprocessed RAW photos or differences between them.
Antiproliferative polysaccharides modulate distribution and phenotypic expression of collagens by gingival fibroblasts (1998)

Gingival fibroblasts are particularly involved in the physiologic maintenance and repair of periodontium. During these processes, cell proliferation and synthesis of a collagen-rich gingival matrix should be controlled. A dextran derivative, namely, carboxy methyl dextran benzylamide sulfonate (CMDBS), considered to be a functional analog of heparin, was previously described to regulate proliferation of different types of cells and independently to modulate the expression of collagen biosynthesis. In this report, we demonstrate that CMDBS and heparin inhibited gingival fibroblast proliferation. We then analyzed collagen biosynthesis by measuring the incorporation of the radiolabeled [3H]proline precursor into collagen by postconfluent gingival fibroblasts. Our results showed CMDBS did not alter total collagen synthesis; it induced the preferential accumulation of newly synthesized collagen into the pericellular matrix; and it decreased the expression of type III collagen, particularly in the cell layer. Taken together, our results suggest that by inhibiting cell proliferation, CMDBS could induce the synthesis of an extracellular collagenous matrix which forms a network between gingival fibroblasts.
Development of an Infrared Monitor-Guided Bleb Revision Procedure (2020)

The needle revision procedure to address failing filtering blebs is a blind technique that might easily damage the scleral flap, conjunctiva, and choroid. We propose a new surgical procedure, infrared monitor-guided bleb revision, to perform bleb revision minimally invasively and effectively, and demonstrate the procedure in a patient. We developed the guided procedure with the infrared monitor to observe the bleb interior with greater contrast. Under the monitor, we dissect the hard fibrotic tissue with a bleb knife and, if necessary, remove adhesions using a needle and vitreous forceps. Finally, 5-fluorouracil is injected into the subconjunctiva. We have performed bleb revisions safely with clear visualization of the scleral flap using an infrared light. In the current case, the patient had good intraocular pressure control for about 1 year. The new infrared monitor-guided bleb revision procedure facilitates successful bleb revisions without damage to the underlying structures.
Simultaneous intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide and tissue plasminogen activator for central retinal vein occlusion: a pilot study (2010)

Overall, intravitreal injection of the TA/tPA mixture improved the BCVA by three lines or more in at least 50% of eyes and decreased the mean macular thickness at four time points without serious side effects. A randomised clinical trial is necessary to evaluate the efficacy of this treatment.
Sensitivity matrix analysis of the back-projection algorithm in Electrical Impedance Tomography (1992)

In Electrical Impedance Tomography, conductivity images can be reconstructed using a back-projection algorithm which is very similar to the ones used in other imaging modalities. In this study, the basic assumptions underlying the back-projection algorithm are investigated. Under these assumptions, a sensitivity matrix is derived relating the conductivity variation to the variation in gradients. A new image reconstruction method is suggested based on a minimization procedure which is equivalent to the solution of the sensitivity matrix equation in a generalized sense.
Cell proliferation and expression of the transferrin receptor gene: promoter sequence homologies and protein interactions. (1986)

A 365-bp fragment from the 5' region of the human transferrin receptor gene has been subcloned and sequenced. This fragment contains 115 bp of flanking sequence, the first exon, and a portion of the first intron. It contains a TATA box, several GC-rich regions, and is able to efficiently promote expression of the bacterial CAT gene in mouse 3T3 cells. Sequence comparisons demonstrate that this DNA segment has homology to the promoter regions of the human dihydrofolate reductase gene and the mouse interleukin 3 gene, as well as to a monkey DNA sequence that has homology to the SV40 origin and promotes expression of an unidentified gene product. Several high molecular mass proteins that interact with the transferrin receptor gene promoter have been identified. The activity of these proteins is transiently increased in 3T3 cells that have been stimulated by serum addition. This increase precedes a rise in transferrin receptor mRNA levels in the cytoplasm, which in turn precedes entry of the cells into S phase. DNase I footprinting of the transferrin receptor promoter reveals several protein binding sites. Two of the sites are within the conserved GC-rich region of the promoter. One of these binding sites probably interacts with Spl, while the second interacts with an uncharacterized protein.
Broad bandwidth emission from hybrid QW/QD structures (2013)

We previously demonstrated a hybrid quantum well/quantum dot structure to enhance the gain and spontaneous emission bandwidth of a quantum dot active region. We now present new designs to further broaden the spontaneous emission from hybrid QW/QD structure. Utilizing a high junction temperature, and chirped quantum dot layers with higher areal densities, increased layer number, and increased state separation a spontaneous emission FWHM of ~350nm is achieved.
Cocrystals of Hydrochlorothiazide: Solubility and Diffusion/Permeability Enhancements through Drug–Coformer Interactions (2015)

Hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) is a diuretic and a BCS class IV drug with low solubility and low permeability, exhibiting poor oral absorption. The present study attempts to improve the physicochemical properties of the drug using a crystal engineering approach with cocrystals. Such multicomponent crystals of HCT with nicotinic acid (NIC), nicotinamide (NCT), 4-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), succinamide (SAM), and resorcinol (RES) were prepared using liquid-assisted grinding, and their solubilities in pH 7.4 buffer were evaluated. Diffusion and membrane permeability were studied using a Franz diffusion cell. Except for the SAM and NIC cocrystals, all other binary systems exhibited improved solubility. All of the cocrystals showed improved diffusion/membrane permeability compared to that of HCT with the exception of the SAM cocrystal. When the solubility was high, as in the case of PABA, NCT, and RES cocrystals, the flux/permeability dropped slightly. This is in agreement with the expected interplay between solubility and permeability. Improved solubility/permeability is attributed to new drug-coformer interactions. Cocrystals of SAM, however, showed poor solubility and flux. This cocrystal contains a primary sulfonamide dimer synthon similar to that of HCT polymorphs, which may be a reason for its unusual behavior. Hirshfeld surface analysis was carried out in all cases to determine whether a correlation exists between cocrystal permeability and drug-coformer interactions.
Further Studies into Crack Growth in Additively Manufactured Materials (2020)

Understanding and characterizing crack growth is central to meeting the damage tolerance and durability requirements delineated in USAF Structures Bulletin EZ-SB-19-01 for the utilization of additive manufacturing (AM) in the sustainment of aging aircraft. In this context, the present paper discusses the effect of different AM processes, different build directions, and the variability in the crack growth rates related to AM Ti-6Al-4V, AM Inconel 625, and AM 17-4 PH stainless steel. This study reveals that crack growth in these three AM materials can be captured using the Hartman-Schijve crack growth equation and that the variability in the various <i>da/dN</i> versus <i>ΔK</i> curves can be modeled by allowing the terms Δ<i>K<sub>thr</sub></i> and <i>A</i> to vary. It is also shown that for the AM Ti-6AL-4V processes considered, the variability in the cyclic fracture toughness appears to be greatest for specimens manufactured using selective layer melting (SLM).
Doctor – How do I use my EpiPen? (2007)

Parents and children who have been prescribed an Epipen are often unable to demonstrate its correct administration. One contributory factor may be that doctors are unfamiliar with the EpiPen and are unable to demonstrate the correct administration of the pen to the family. The aim of this study was to determine the rate of correct EpiPen demonstration by junior and Senior Medical Staff at a major tertiary paediatric Hospital. Junior and Senior medical staff were scored on their ability to correctly use the EpiPen trainer. A 6 step scoring system was used. One-hundred doctors were recruited (Residents n = 31, Senior Residents n = 39, Fellow/Consultants n = 30). Junior and Senior Medical staff had similar scores for EpiPen demonstration, the number that needed to read the EpiPen instructions prior to use and the frequancy of accidental self-injection into the thumb. Only two doctors (2%) demonstrated all 6 administration steps correctly. The most frequent errors made were not holding the pen in place for >5 seconds (57%), failure to apply pressure to activate (21%), and self-injection into the thumb (16%). Ninety five doctors needed to read the instructions, and of these, only 39 (41%) then proceeded to correctly demonstrate the remaining 5 steps. Forty-five doctors had previously dispensed an EpiPen, but only three demonstrated its use to parents/children with a trainer. The majority of doctors do not know how to use an Epipen and are unable to provide appropriate education to parents/children. In 37% of cases, the demonstration would not have delivered adrenaline to a patient.
ReRAM-Based Intrinsically Secure Memory: A Feasibility Analysis (2019)

This paper studies the use of resistive RAM (ReRAM) devices in crossbar arrays for intrinsically secure self-encrypted memory. A security analysis is used to demonstrate the feasibility of realizing intrinsically secure memory using experimentally available ReRAM devices. It is shown that ReRAM is a good candidate for this application due to its nature, which allows forward and reverse operations for securely storing and retrieving data.
Estimation of knee flexion features using foot motion data from in-shoe motion sensors (2023)

Deterioration of knee joint function greatly affects quality of life. Therefore, technology is needed that accurately, inexpensively, and easily measures knee joint function. As the first step for knee deterioration assessment in daily walking, we developed estimation models for six parameters that capture the features of healthy knee movement by using an in-shoe motion sensor (IMS). We recruited 72 healthy participants to construct the estimation models. Using intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs), we showed that five of the six models achieved “fair” or “good” agreement as characteristics of walking behavior by healthy people. We demonstrated the possibility of estimating knee behaviors as the specific flexion knee angles in only using foot-motion via single IMS for the first time. It will be helpful to make knee condition monitoring in daily living available easier.