gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Printed organic transistors for low-cost RFID applications (2005)

Printed electronics is attractive as a pathway towards the realization of ultra-low-cost RFID tags for replacement of conventional optical barcodes. While this application has received tremendous attention in recent years, it also represents one of the most challenging applications for organic transistors, based on both the performance requirements and the process complexity and cost implications. Here, we report on our progress in developing materials and processes for the realization of printed transistors for low-cost RFID applications. Using inkjet printing of novel conductors, dielectrics, and organic semiconductors, we have realized printed transistors with mobilities >0.1cm<sup>2</sup>/V-s, which is approaching the requirements of certain RFID applications. We review the performance of these devices, and discuss optimization strategies for achieving the ultimate performance goals requisite for realizing printed RFID.
Improving DESS contrast in 7T hip images using L1-norm denoising and optimal echo combination (2020)

The double-echo steady-state (DESS) sequence has been used successfully in 3T MRI imaging of the musculoskeletal system for segmentation of joint. However, in 3D-DESS images acquired at 7T MRI, a reduction in the contrast between tissues due to an increased diffusion sensitivity may complicate cartilage segmentation. Typically, the signals acquired with DESS are averaged without any pre-processing. However, these signals give different contrasts and have different noise behaviours. In this work, we improve the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) whilst preserving anatomical detail in high-resolution 7T DESS images through a new approach combining L1-norm denoising and p-norm combination of the echo signals.
Increased Frequency of Regulatory T Cells Accompanies Increased Immune Activation in Rectal Mucosae of HIV-Positive Noncontrollers (2011)

Gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) is a major site of HIV replication and CD4(+) T cell depletion. Furthermore, microbial translocation facilitated by mucosal damage likely contributes to the generalized immune activation observed in HIV infection. Regulatory T cells (Treg) help maintain homeostasis and suppress harmful immune activation during infection; however, in the case of persistent viral infections such as HIV, their role is less clear. Although a number of studies have examined Treg in blood during chronic infection, few have explored Treg in the gastrointestinal mucosa. For this study, paired blood and rectal biopsy samples were obtained from 12 HIV noncontrollers (viral load of >10,000 copies/ml plasma), 10 HIV controllers (viral load of <500 copies/ml plasma for more than 5 years), and 12 HIV seronegative control subjects. Noncontrollers had significantly higher percentages of Treg in rectal mononuclear cells (RMNC), but not in blood, compared to seronegative subjects (P = 0.001) or HIV controllers (P = 0.002). Mucosal Treg positively correlated with viral load (P = 0.01) and expression of immune activation markers by CD4(+) (P = 0.01) and CD8(+) (P = 0.07) T cells. Suppression assays indicated that mucosal and peripheral Treg of noncontrollers and controllers maintained their capacity to suppress non-Treg proliferation to a similar extent as Treg from seronegative subjects. Together, these findings reveal that rather than experiencing depletion, mucosal Treg frequency is enhanced during chronic HIV infection and is positively correlated with viral load and immune activation. Moreover, mucosal Treg maintain their suppressive ability during chronic HIV infection, potentially contributing to diminished HIV-specific T cell responses and viral persistence.
Data Supplement from HSV-sr39TK Positron Emission Tomography and Suicide Gene Elimination of Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Their Progeny in Humanized Mice (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figures S1-S3. Validation of sr39TK function in Jurkat cells (S1); ROI Analysis (S2); Chimerism, vector marking, and PET probe signal in vertebrae (S3).&lt;/p&gt;
Capabilities of Gabor-domain optical coherence microscopy for the assessment of corneal disease (2019)

To identify the microstructural modification of the corneal layers during the course of the disease, optical technologies have been pushing the boundary of innovation to achieve cellular resolution of deep layers of the cornea. Gabor-domain optical coherence microscopy (GD-OCM), an optical coherence tomography-based technique that can achieve an isotropic of ∼2-μm resolution over a volume of 1 mm × 1 mm × 1.2 mm, was developed to investigate the microstructural modifications of corneal layers in four common corneal diseases. Since individual layer visualization without cutting through several layers is challenging due to corneal curvature, a flattening algorithm was developed to remove the global curvature of the endothelial layer and display the full view of the endothelium and Descemet's membrane in single en face images. As a result, GD-OCM revealed the qualitative changes in size and reflectivity of keratocytes in Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD), which varied by the degree of disease. More importantly, elongated shape and hyperactivation characteristics of keratocytes, associated with the early development of guttae, appeared to start in the posterior stroma very early in the disease process and move toward the anterior stroma during disease progression. This work opens a venue into the pathogenesis of FECD.
STBC for uplink single-carrier CDMA with equalization in the frequency domain (2005)

Single-carrier code division multiple access (SC-CDMA), also named cyclic-prefix CDMA in the literature, is a promising air interface for the uplink of the 4G cellular wireless communication systems. It enables the high capacity intrinsically offered by CDMA by making the equalization of the multipath channels and the mitigation of the resulting interference possible at a low complexity. This paper proposes a new air interface that combines SC-CDMA with space time block coding (STBC) across multiple transmit antennas in order to robustify the link. Contrary to existing air interfaces that perform the STBC encoding at the chip level, making them only applicable to the downlink, the STBC encoding is performed at the symbol level, making it also applicable to the uplink. In order to optimally detect the antenna and user signals, a joint detector optimized according to the minimum mean square error (MMSE) criterion is designed. By exploiting the cyclo-stationarity of the channels, the complexity of the joint detector is significantly reduced. It is analytically shown that the inter-antenna interference is canceled out at the output of the first stage of the linear MMSE joint detector, consisting of a matched filter. Assuming typical outdoor channels, a gain of 4 dB signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) is achieved by the use of two transmit antennas over the single antenna system.
Results and Insights from Diagnostic Questions: The NeurIPS 2020 Education Challenge (2020)

This competition concerns educational diagnostic questions, which are pedagogically effective, multiple-choice questions (MCQs) whose distractors embody misconceptions. With a large and ever-increasing number of such questions, it becomes overwhelming for teachers to know which questions are the best ones to use for their students. We thus seek to answer the following question: how can we use data on hundreds of millions of answers to MCQs to drive automatic personalized learning in large-scale learning scenarios where manual personalization is infeasible? Success in using MCQ data at scale helps build more intelligent, personalized learning platforms that ultimately improve the quality of education en masse. To this end, we introduce a new, large-scale, real-world dataset and formulate 4 data mining tasks on MCQs that mimic real learning scenarios and target various aspects of the above question in a competition setting at NeurIPS 2020. We report on our NeurIPS competition in which nearly 400 teams submitted approximately 4000 submissions, with encouragingly diverse and effective approaches to each of our tasks.
Table S2 from An Orally Available Tubulin Inhibitor, VERU-111, Suppresses Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Tumor Growth and Metastasis and Bypasses Taxane Resistance (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Table S2 shows the comparison of growth inhibition effects of paclitaxel, VERU-111 and colchicine against treatment-naïve HCI-2-Luc2 and taxane-resistant HCI-10-Luc2 TNBC patient-derived primary cells as measured by the MTS assay (mean {plus minus} SEM, n = 4 biological replicate experiments).&lt;/p&gt;
Proteome-wide Prediction of Lysine Methylation Leads to Identification of H2BK43 Methylation and Outlines the Potential Methyllysine Proteome (2020)

Protein Lys methylation plays a critical role in numerous cellular processes, but it is challenging to identify Lys methylation in a systematic manner. Here we present an approach combining in silico prediction with targeted mass spectrometry (MS) to identify Lys methylation (Kme) sites at the proteome level. We develop MethylSight, a program that predicts Kme events solely on the physicochemical properties of residues surrounding the putative methylation sites, which then requires validation by targeted MS. Using this approach, we identify 70 new histone Kme marks with a 90% validation rate. H2BK43me2, which undergoes dynamic changes during stem cell differentiation, is found to be a substrate of KDM5b. Furthermore, MethylSight predicts that Lys methylation is a prevalent post-translational modification in the human proteome. Our work provides a useful resource for guiding systematic exploration of the role of Lys methylation in human health and disease.
Uric acid level is one of the predictors of BP elevation and obesity (2002)

Plasma uric acid level is well known as the predictor of renal injury and hypertension. In the present study, we tried to clarify whether plasma uric acid level is one of the predictors of hypertension, obesity or obesity-related hypertension in a longitudinal study of 5 years in a cohort. In 433 young, nonobese (BMI<26 kg/m2) normotensive Japanese men who were working in a factory, BMI, %fat accumulation (%FA), BP, pulse rate, plasma uric acid (UA), norepinephrine (NE), insulin, leptin (LEP), total cholesterol (Tch), triglyceride (TG), BUN and creatinine (Crn) were measured every 1 yr for 5 yrs. None had diabetes, medications for hyper-uric acidemia or hypertension during the study. BP elevation and weight gain (WG) for 5 years were defined as more than 10% increases in mean BP or BMI at entry. BP elevation and WG were noted in 13% and 17% in a cohort. WG induced BP elevation was 53% of subjects with WG. At entry, subjects with WG had higher levels of mean BP, pulse rate, UA and NE than subjects without WG (UA 5.6 mg/dl vs 4.1, P<0.01), although BMI, %FA, insulin, LEP, Tch, TG, BUN and Crn were similar. The absolute increases for 5 yrs in BMI, %FA, mean BP, UA, Tch, TG, plasma NE, insulin and LEP were greater in subjects with WG (UA 1.8 mg/dl vs 0.1, P<0.01). Subjects with BP elevation had higher levels of mean BP, pulse rate, UA, and plasma NE at entry (UA 6.1 mg/dl vs 4.1, P<0.01), although BMI, %FA, insulin and LEP, Tch, TG, BUN and Crn were similar. The absolute increases for 5 yrs in mean BP, BMI, %FA, plasma NE, UA and Crn were greater in subjects with BP elevation (UA 1.2 mg/dl vs 0.3, P<0.01). Subjects with WG induced BP elevation had higher level of UA at entry than subjects without WG induced BP elevation (UA 6.3 mg/dl vs 4.8, P<0.05). The absolute increases for 5 yrs in BMI, %FA, mean BP, pulse rate, UA, TG, NE, insulin and LEP were greater in subjects with WG induced BP elevation than subjects without significant BP elevation (UA 2.2 mg/dl vs 1.5, P<0.05). When analyzed the change in mean BP as a dependent factor in association with changes in BMI, plasma NE, insulin, LEP, UA, Tch and TG as determinant factors by multiple analysis, at 5 yrs, changes in BMI (P=0.007), plasma NE (P=0.019), and UA (P=0.007) were significant determinant factors in the changes in mean BP (R2=0.189, F=8.93, P=0.0001). In conclusion, these results demonstrated that plasma uric acid level is one of the predictors of weight gain, BP elevation and weight gain-induced BP elevation.
Power‐efficient generation of two‐octave mid‐IR frequency combs in a germanium microresonator (2018)

Abstract Octave‐spanning frequency comb generation in the deep mid‐infrared (&gt;5.5 μm) typically requires a high pump power, which is challenging because of the limited power of narrow linewidth lasers at long wavelengths. We propose twofold dispersion engineering for a Ge‐on‐Si microcavity to enable both dispersion flattening and dispersion hybridization over a wide band from 3.5 to 10 μm. A two‐octave mode‐locked Kerr frequency comb can be generated from 2.3 to 10.2 μm, with a pump power as low as 180 mW. It has been shown that dispersion flattening greatly enhances the spectral broadening of the generated comb, whereas dispersion hybridization improves its spectral flatness.
Structural Basis for Acetylated Histone H4 Recognition by the Human BRD2 Bromodomain (2010)

Recognition of acetylated chromatin by the bromodomains and extra-terminal domain (BET) family proteins is a hallmark for transcriptional activation and anchoring viral genomes to mitotic chromosomes of the host. One of the BET family proteins BRD2 interacts with acetylated chromatin during mitosis and leads to transcriptional activation in culture cells. Here, we report the crystal structures of the N-terminal bromodomain of human BRD2 (BRD2-BD1; residues 74-194) in complex with each of three different Lys-12-acetylated H4 peptides. The BRD2-BD1 recognizes the H4 tail acetylated at Lys-12 (H4K12ac), whereas the side chain of hypoacetylated Lys-8 of H4 binds at the cavity of the dimer interface of BRD2-BD1. From binding studies, we identified the BRD2-BD1 residues that are responsible for recognition of the Lys-12-acetylated H4 tail. In addition, mutation to Lys-8 in the Lys-12-acetylated H4 tail decreased the binding to BRD2-BD1, implicating the critical role of Lys-8 in the Lys-12-acetylated H4 tail for the recognition by BRD2-BD1. Our findings provide a structural basis for deciphering the histone code by the BET bromodomain through the binding with a long segment of the histone H4 tail, which presumably prevents erasure of the histone code during the cell cycle.
Constraints to DNA Unwinding near Radiation-Induced Strand Breaks in Ewing's Sarcoma Cells (1990)

Ewing's sarcoma cell lines were compared to other cell lines for induction of DNA strand breaks by ionizing radiation and their ability to repair those breaks. The alkali-unwinding assay and alkaline sucrose gradient analysis were used for these studies. The alkali-unwinding assay revealed that the amount of DNA unwound per strand break in Ewing's sarcoma cells was less than for other cells and was not influenced by high-salt denaturation conditions. Ewing's sarcoma cells had similar induction and repair rates for strand breaks compared with other cell lines. The kinetics of unwinding suggests there are constraints to DNA unwinding in the chromatin of Ewing's sarcoma cells, possibly related to high levels of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase in these cells.
Heavy ions test result on a 65nm Sparc-V8 radiation-hard microprocessor (2014)

In this paper, we present the heavy-ion radiation test results for a 7-stage SPARC micro-processor. Special software handlers enabled fine grained classification of the types of crashes. The measured crash cross sections are compared with those predicted by fault injection simulation.
Effect of intrathecally administered local anesthetics on protein phosphorylation in the spinal cord (1997)

To elucidate the biochemical mechanisms of spinal anesthesia, we studied the effects of procaine and tetracaine on protein phosphorylation in the mouse spinal cord. Mice were injected intrathecally with either procaine, tetracaine (67 mM/approximately 2%, 10 microL, N = 5/drug), or saline (N = 4/group). Five minutes after injection, animals were killed with a guillotine, and the spinal cord was removed. The caudal 3-cm cord segment was homogenized and centrifuged, and an aliquot of the supernatant was used for phosphorylation assays. Calcium-dependent phosphorylation was initiated by incubating the samples in buffer containing [gamma-32P]ATP at 37 degrees for 30 min. The proteins were electrophoresed using slab gel and two-dimensional electrophoresis, and phosphorylated proteins were visualized by autoradiography. The data demonstrated that spinal anesthesia changes the phosphorylation state of five endogenous substrate proteins with apparent molecular masses of 130 (protein-a), 105 (protein-b), 55 (protein-c), 47 (protein-d), and 33 (protein-e) kDa. In two-dimensional electrophoresis, protein-a resolved into two proteins (a1 and a2). Analysis of variance of the densitometric data suggested a significant effect for the treatment (F(2,16) 735, P < 0.00005). Post hoc comparisons with the saline-treated controls, using the Newman-Keuls test, indicated that local anesthetics significantly affected phosphoproteins (P < 0.05) except for protein-al in the tetracaine-treated group. Further characterization of these phosphoproteins should aid in determining their role in the signal transduction cascade affected by spinal anesthesia.
Ein neues Modell für die Bildung von Alumophosphaten: Umwandlung eines linearen Kettenalumophosphats in Ketten-, Schicht- und Gerüstverbindungen (1998)

Durch einfache Umwandlungen einer unverzweigten Stammkette kann eine große Vielfalt an Alumophosphaten mit Ketten-, Schicht- und Gerüststrukturen entstehen. Unten ist ein Ausschnitt dieser Kette, die an einer Stelle unter Ringöffnung hydrolysiert wurde, schematisch dargestellt. Nach Umorientierung der Kette und erneuter Kondensation würden z. B. zwei kantenverknüpfte Viererringe gebildet werden. In diesem Fall wirkt Wasser also katalytisch; die Menge des bei der Synthese gegenwärtigen Wassers bestimmt somit das Ausmaß der Hydrolyse und damit die entstehenden Strukturtypen.
Synchronously Pumped Modelocked Erbium Fiber Laser (1993)

Synchronous pumping is a well-known technigue for the modelocking of lasers with fast relaxation times, which has recently received some renewed attention[1]. It locks the frequency of the pump to that of the signal and is particularly useful in ultra-fast pump- probe measurement techniques. However, due to the constraints on the relaxation time of the gain medium, it is very difficult to synchronously pump solid-state lasers. A noticeable exception has been demonstrated recently in a Nd:YAG laser, where it was claimed that a gain modulation as low as 10'4 can produce pulses in the ≈ 100 psec regime in a special reflection-free cavity[2]. However, in all cases an accurate control of the respective cavity lengths was required and synchronous pumping attributed only to gain-modulation effects.
P4–244: Discovery of a novel series of notch–sparing γ–secretase inhibitors (2006)

Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, is the biggest unmet medical need in neurology due to the lack of disease–modifying therapies. Major research efforts are ongoing to find a disease–modifying AD agent targeting the putative AD pathogens Αβ40 and Αβ42 by blocking their synthesis from APP through the inhibition of either β–secretase or γ–secretase enzymes. The initial enthusiasm for γ–secretase inhibitors (GSIs) as potential disease–modifying AD agents was dampened by the subsequent discovery of other γ–secretase substrates, especially Notch, and the resulting concerns about selectivity and mechanism–based side effects (e.g., G.I. toxicity) due to inhibition of Notch processing. Thus, the development of an acceptable pharmaceutical agent would target the discovery of a GSI possessing minimal inhibition of Notch processing and maximal inhibition of APP processing to reduce Αβ40/42 levels. Utilizing HTS screening of the Wyeth and ArQule compound collections, we have identified the lead, 4–chloro–N–[(1S,2S)–1–(hydroxymethyl)–2–methylbutyl]–benzenesulfonamide, which not only inhibited γ–secretase cleavage of APP (EC50Αβ40 and Αβ42 = 2078 nM and 1938 nM, respectively) but also was sparing of Notch cleavage (EC50 = 20,000 nM). Structure–activity relationships in this new series and the discovery of more potent GSIs will be discussed.
Nanoparticles Produced by Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization Using Norbornenyl-poly(ethylene oxide) as a Ligand-Free Generic Platform for Highly Selective In Vivo Tumor Targeting (2013)

We described a norbornenyl-poly(ethylene oxide) nanoparticles ligand-free generic platform, made fluorescent with straightforward preparation by ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). Our method allowed to easily obtain a drug delivery system (DDS) with facilitated functionalization by means of azide-alkyne click chemistry and with a high selectivity for the tumor in vivo, while cellular internalization is obtained without cell targeting strategy. We demonstrated that our nanoparticles are internalized by endocytosis and colocalized with acidic intracellular compartments in two models of aggressive tumoral cell lines with low prognostic and limited therapeutic treatments. Our nanoparticles could be of real interest to limit the toxicity and to increase the clinical benefit of drugs suffering rapid clearance and side effects and an alternative for cancers with poorly efficient therapeutic solutions by associating the drug delivery in the tumor tissue with an acid-sensitive release system.
14 nm FinFET Stress Engineering with Epitaxial SiGe Source/Drain (2012)

To summarize, this paper explores key challenges of FinFET stress engineering that is based on the epitaxial SiGe S/D. These challenges are FinFET-specific and can be addressed by carefully balancing several design and process trade-offs simultaneously. An appropriate 3D modeling methodology is demonstrated to handle the new FinFET-specific design and process challenges.
Deep learning's impact on contour extraction for design based metrology and design based inspection (2019)

With the miniaturization of devices, hot spots caused by wafer topology are becoming a problem in addition to hot spots resulting from design, mask and wafer process, and hot spot evaluation of a wide area in a chip is becoming required. Although DBM (Design Based Metrology) is an effective method for evaluating systematic defects of EUV lithography and multi-patterning, it requires a long time to evaluate because it is necessary to acquire a high-SN SEM image captured by a contour extraction for DBM that can handle low-SN SEM image captured by high-speed SEM scanning conditions. Contour extraction using deep learning possesses high noise immunity and excellent pattern recognition ability, and demonstrates high performance to contour extraction from low SN SEM images and multiple layers pattern ones. The proposed method is composed of annotation operation of SEM image samples, training process using annotation data and SEM image samples, and contour extraction process using the trained outcome. In the evaluation experiment, we confirmed that satisfactory contours are extracted from low SN SEM images and multiple layers pattern ones.
A Micro-Opto-Electro-Mechanical Grating 1D-OPA (2021)

We propose a 1D optical phased array (OPA) utilizing near-field micro-opto-electro- mechanical interaction to tune a waveguide grating’s diffraction angle. Simulations demonstrate steering angles &gt;20 (material, geometry, wavelength, and polarization-dependent). Measurements validate the proposed OPA concept.
Supplemental Figure S3 from MORAb-202, an Antibody–Drug Conjugate Utilizing Humanized Anti-human FRα Farletuzumab and the Microtubule-targeting Agent Eribulin, has Potent Antitumor Activity (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Analyses of faletuzumab and amatuximab ADCs&lt;/p&gt;