gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Music Transformer (2018)

Music relies heavily on repetition to build structure and meaning. Self-reference occurs on multiple timescales, from motifs to phrases to reusing of entire sections of music, such as in pieces with ABA structure. The Transformer (Vaswani et al., 2017), a sequence model based on self-attention, has achieved compelling results in many generation tasks that require maintaining long-range coherence. This suggests that self-attention might also be well-suited to modeling music. In musical composition and performance, however, relative timing is critically important. Existing approaches for representing relative positional information in the Transformer modulate attention based on pairwise distance (Shaw et al., 2018). This is impractical for long sequences such as musical compositions since their memory complexity for intermediate relative information is quadratic in the sequence length. We propose an algorithm that reduces their intermediate memory requirement to linear in the sequence length. This enables us to demonstrate that a Transformer with our modified relative attention mechanism can generate minute-long compositions (thousands of steps, four times the length modeled in Oore et al., 2018) with compelling structure, generate continuations that coherently elaborate on a given motif, and in a seq2seq setup generate accompaniments conditioned on melodies. We evaluate the Transformer with our relative attention mechanism on two datasets, JSB Chorales and Piano-e-Competition, and obtain state-of-the-art results on the latter.
Absorption Enhancement of Coated Absorbing Aerosols: Validation of the Photo-Acoustic Technique for Measuring the Enhancement (2009)

A photo-acoustic absorption spectrometer (PAS) and a cavity ring down aerosol extinction spectrometer (CRD-AES) were used, in conjunction with Mie Theory, to measure the refractive index (RI) of absorbing polystyrene spheres (APSS). The PAS and CRD-AES were also used to measure the absorption and extinction enhancement after these APSS were coated in oleic acid. The experimental enhancements were then compared to predictions from coated-sphere Mie Theory. The measured absorption and extinction enhancements both agreed with modeled enhancements to within an average of 5%. A filter-based absorption technique (particle soot absorption photometer, PSAP) was also used to measure the absorption by the APSS and showed a significant size-dependent bias, as evidenced by the filter-based method measuring significantly lower absorption for both uncoated and coated APSS compared to the PAS. These results suggest the validity of applying photo-acoustics to measure the absorption enhancement created by semi-volatile atmospheric species coating absorbing particles.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidation of Methyl p‐Tolyl Sulfide with Baker′s Yeast: Preparation of a Synthon of the Mevinic Acid‐Type Hypocholestemic Agents. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Inhibition of Glutaminase Preferentially Slows Growth of Glioma Cells with Mutant IDH1 (2023)

Supplementary Figure 2 from Inhibition of Glutaminase Preferentially Slows Growth of Glioma Cells with Mutant IDH1
Synthesis and cytotoxic characteristics displayed by a series of Ag(i)-, Au(i)- and Au(iii)-complexes supported by a common N-heterocyclic carbene (2018)

The design, synthesis and anticancer properties of a series of Ag(<sc>i</sc>), Au(<sc>i</sc>) and Au(<sc>iii</sc>)–NHC complexes supported by pyridyl[1,2-<italic>a</italic>]{2-acetylylphenylimidazol}-3-ylidene are described.
Finding a Hamiltonian Path in a Cube with Specified Turns is Hard (2013)

We prove the NP-completeness of finding a Hamiltonian path in an N × N × N cube graph with turns exactly at specified lengths along the path. This result establishes NP-completeness of Snake Cube puzzles: folding a chain of N3 unit cubes, joined at face centers (usually by a cord passing through all the cubes), into an N × N × N cube. Along the way, we prove a universality result that zig-zag chains (which must turn every unit) can fold into any polycube after 4 × 4 × 4 refinement, or into any Hamiltonian polycube after 2 × 2 × 2 refinement.
Expanding Pd‐Catalyzed C—N Bond‐Forming Processes: The First Amidation of Aryl Sulfonates, Aqueous Amination, and Complementarity with Cu‐Catalyzed Reactions. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Refractive-index and element-spacing effects on the spectral behavior of infrared frequency-selective surfaces (2000)

Transmission and reflection characteristics of inductive-mesh frequency-selective surfaces were measured in the 4-12-microm range. Specific issues investigated include the effect of interelement spacing on the location and width of the resonance and the influence of superstrate and substrate refractive indices on the spectral response of the structure.
Abnormal FISH in patients with immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis is a risk factor for cardiac involvement and for death (2015)

Importance of interphase fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with cytoplasmic staining of immunoglobulin FISH (cIg-FISH) on bone marrow is not well understood in light chain amyloidosis (AL). This is in contrast with multiple myeloma where prognostic and treatment related decisions are dependent on cytogenetic testing. This retrospective study reviewed 401 AL patients with cIg-FISH testing performed at our institution between 2004 and 2012. Eighty-one percent of patients had an abnormal cIg-FISH. Common abnormalities involved translocations of chromosome 14q32 (52%), specifically: t(11;14) (43%), t(14;16) (3%) and t(4;14) (2%). Other common abnormalities include monosomy 13/deletion 13q (30%), trisomies 9 (20%), 15 (14%), 11 (10%) and 3 (10%). Median overall survival for this cohort of patients is 3.5 years. When plasma cell burden was greater than 10% trisomies predicted for worse survival (44 vs 19 months), and when it was ⩽10% t(11;14) predicted for worse survival (53 months vs not reached). Abnormal cIg-FISH was significantly associated with advanced cardiac involvement, and remained a prognostic factor on multivariate analysis. This large AL cohort demonstrates that abnormal FISH at diagnosis is prognostic for survival and advanced cardiac disease. Particularly, trisomies and t(11;14) affect survival when degree of plasma cell burden is considered.
Significance of the Deletion Polymorphism of the Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Gene as a Risk Factor for Myocardial Infarction in Japanese. (1994)

An association study of the insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene with myocardial infarction (MI) was performed in middle-aged Japanese men. The DD genotype was significantly more frequent in 101 MI subjects (0.42) than in 102 matched control subjects (0.16) compared with the two other genotypes (IDandII) (p<0.00005). A significant association was observed not only in the low-risk group but also in the high-risk group who were defined according to plasma total cholesterol ≥ 220mg/dl and body mass index ≥ 26kg/m2. These results indicate that ACE/DD genotype is a potent and important risk factor for MI in Japanese. (Hypertens Res 1994; 17: 55-57)
8300VBlocking Voltage AlGaN/GaNPowerHFET withThickPoly-AIN Passivation (2007)

relatively lowbreakdown strength inconventional SiN passivation isthebottleneck inthis case. Buffer leakage is We reportultrahighvoltage AlGaN/GaN another limiting factor thathashindered theprojected heterojunction transistors (UFETs) onsapphire withthick increase ofthebreakdown voltage. Thus, reported off-state poly-AlN passivation. Extremely highblocking voltage of breakdown voltage ofAlGaN/GaNUFETsmaintaining low 8300Visachieved while maintaining relative lowspecific on-state resistance hasbeenbelow1900V[1-6] athighest to on-state resistance (Ron-A) of186mQ*cm2. Via-holesthebest ofourknowledge. through sapphire atthedrain electrodes enable veryefficient Inthispaper, we demonstrate ultra highbreakdown layout ofthelateral HFETarray aswellasbetter heat voltages ofAlGaN/GaN HFETsusing thick poly-crystalline dissipation. AlN(poly-AlN) passivation combined withfield plates. The poly-AlN gives highbreakdown strength underneath the
Extended‐release tolterodine with or without tamsulosin in men with lower urinary tract symptoms and overactive bladder: effects on urinary symptoms assessed by the International Prostate Symptom Score (2008)

In this distinct clinical research population of men who met traditional symptom entry criteria for both OAB and BPH trials, tolterodine ER + tamsulosin was significantly more effective than placebo in treating storage LUTS, including OAB symptoms. Tamsulosin monotherapy produced significant improvements in voiding LUTS.
High Magnetic Field-Induced Birefringence in Lyotropic Chromonic Liquid Crystals (2009)

We studied the effect of magnetic-field induced birefringence of a 14% solution of disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) in water at temperatures above the nematic-isotropic coexistence region. According to Landau-deGennes mean field theory, we expect to find a linear relationship between the inverse of the induced birefringence, n, and the quantity (T-T*), where T* is the stability limit of the isotropic phase. Using the 31 T resistive magnet at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, we observed that, as we increase the temperature above the coexistence region, we deviate from this linear dependence. Our data shows that n goes to zero, whereas Landau-deGennes predicts that $\Delta $n should decrease asymptotically. This may be due to the lack of isodesmic aggregate formation at a finite temperature above the coexistence region.
Development of an Early Enabling Synthesis for PF-03052334-02: A Novel Hepatoselective HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor (2010)

Early process development work toward a promising pyrazole-based HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor is described. PF-03052334-02 (1) was prepared in 14 synthetic steps with a 21% overall yield, highlighted by a modified three-step hydroxypyrazole formation in which the yield was improved from 37% to 73%, a Suzuki/ozonolysis pathway that streamlined the downstream chemistry, and a reversed Wittig olefination strategy that improved the key coupling step from 50% to 95% yield. Multiple process hazards and most chromatography steps were removed, and a highly effective active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) salt formation, purification, and isolation protocol was also developed.
Physico-Chemical Characterization and In Vitro Biological Evaluation of a Bionic Hydrogel Based on Hyaluronic Acid and l-Lysine for Medical Applications (2021)

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is an endogenous polysaccharide, whose hydrogels have been used in medical applications for decades. Here, we present a technology platform for stabilizing HA with a biocrosslinker, the amino acid L-lysine, to manufacture bionic hydrogels for regenerative medicine. We synthetized bionic hydrogels with tailored composition with respect to HA concentration and degree of stabilization depending on the envisaged medical use. The structure of the hydrogels was assessed by microscopy and rheology, and the resorption behavior through enzymatic degradation with hyaluronidase. The biological compatibility was evaluated in vitro with human dermal fibroblast cell lines. HA bionic hydrogels stabilized with lysine show a 3D network structure, with a rheological profile that mimics biological matrixes, as a harmless biodegradable substrate for cell proliferation and regeneration and a promising candidate for wound healing and other medical applications.
New loci and coding variants confer risk for age-related macular degeneration in East Asians (2015)

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a major cause of blindness, but presents differently in Europeans and Asians. Here, we perform a genome-wide and exome-wide association study on 2,119 patients with exudative AMD and 5,691 controls, with independent replication in 4,226 patients and 10,289 controls, all of East Asian descent, as part of The Genetics of AMD in Asians (GAMA) Consortium. We find a strong association between CETP Asp442Gly (rs2303790), an East Asian-specific mutation, and increased risk of AMD (odds ratio (OR)=1.70, P=5.60 × 10(-22)). The AMD risk allele (442Gly), known to protect from coronary heart disease, increases HDL cholesterol levels by 0.17 mmol l(-1) (P=5.82 × 10(-21)) in East Asians (n=7,102). We also identify three novel AMD loci: C6orf223 Ala231Ala (OR=0.78, P=6.19 × 10(-18)), SLC44A4 Asp47Val (OR=1.27, P=1.08 × 10(-11)) and FGD6 Gln257Arg (OR=0.87, P=2.85 × 10(-8)). Our findings suggest that some of the genetic loci conferring AMD susceptibility in East Asians are shared with Europeans, yet AMD in East Asians may also have a distinct genetic signature.
"It doesn't look good for a date": Transforming Critiques into\n Preferences for Conversational Recommendation Systems (2021)

Conversations aimed at determining good recommendations are iterative in\nnature. People often express their preferences in terms of a critique of the\ncurrent recommendation (e.g., "It doesn't look good for a date"), requiring\nsome degree of common sense for a preference to be inferred. In this work, we\npresent a method for transforming a user critique into a positive preference\n(e.g., "I prefer more romantic") in order to retrieve reviews pertaining to\npotentially better recommendations (e.g., "Perfect for a romantic dinner"). We\nleverage a large neural language model (LM) in a few-shot setting to perform\ncritique-to-preference transformation, and we test two methods for retrieving\nrecommendations: one that matches embeddings, and another that fine-tunes an LM\nfor the task. We instantiate this approach in the restaurant domain and\nevaluate it using a new dataset of restaurant critiques. In an ablation study,\nwe show that utilizing critique-to-preference transformation improves\nrecommendations, and that there are at least three general cases that explain\nthis improved performance.\n
Supplementary Information from Cotargeting of MEK and PDGFR/STAT3 Pathways to Treat Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S1. KP4-derived 3D spheroids with histopathological characteristics of micrometastases show differential sensitivity to small molecule inhibitors; Supplementary Figure S2. Cobimetinib/ponatinib co-treatment increases death of pancreatic cancer cells; Supplementary Figure S3. Cobimetinib/ponatinib co-treatment impairs tumor growth in KPP xenografts; Supplementary Table S1. List of small molecule inhibitors used in drug screen; Supplementary Table S2. Genotype with key mutations of cell lines used in this study; Supplementary Table S3. Tumor growth inhibition (%TGI) of KP4 and KPP xenografts; Supplementary Table S4. TCGA microarray data for normal and PDAC tissues&lt;/p&gt;
Relationship of leaf parameters with genetic ozone insensitivity in selected Phaseolus vulgaris cultivars (1982)

The relationship of ozone-induced foliar injury (ozone sensitivity) with several leaf characteristics including stomatal frequency, stomatal closure in the presence of ozone (O 3 ), and trichome densities (abaxial and adaxial) was evaluated for a diverse group of Phaseolus vulgaris L. cultivars. Differences were observed among cultivars for ozone sensitivity and leaf parameters including stomatal frequency, trichome density, and stomatal closure in the presence of O 3 . Although significant (P ≤ 0.05) differences among the cultivars for stomatal frequency and trichome densities existed, no consistent pattern between insensitive and sensitive cultivars was observed. Ozone-sensitive genotypes responded to 40 parts per hundred million O 3 with similar or greater stomatal closure than the more insensitive genotypes, indicating that stomatal closure was not a primary mechanism for O 3 insensitivity among the cultivars evaluated.
Diphlorethohydroxycarmalol from Ishige okamurae Suppresses Osteoclast Differentiation by Downregulating the NF-κB Signaling Pathway (2017)

Marine algae possess a variety of beneficial effects on human health. In this study, we investigated whether diphlorethohydroxycarmalol (DPHC), isolated from <i>Ishige okamurae</i>, a brown alga, suppresses receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation. DPHC significantly suppressed RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation and macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) expression in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, it significantly inhibited actin ring formation, the expression of osteoclast marker genes, such as tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), nuclear factor of activated T-cells cytoplasmic 1 (Nfatc1), cathepsin K (Ctsk), and dendritic cell-specific transmembrane protein (Dcstamp), and osteoclast-induced bone resorption. Analysis of the RANKL-mediated signaling pathway showed that the phosphorylation of both IκB and p65 was specifically inhibited by DPHC. These results suggest that DPHC substantially suppresses osteoclastogenesis by downregulating the RANK-NF-κB signaling pathway. Thus, it holds significant potential for the treatment of skeletal diseases associated with an enhanced osteoclast activity.
Biodiversity and Abundance of Cultured Microfungi from the Permanently Ice-Covered Lake Fryxell, Antarctica (2018)

In this work, we explore the biodiversity of culturable microfungi from the water column of a permanently ice-covered lake in Taylor Valley, Antarctica from austral field seasons in 2003, 2008 and 2010, as well as from glacial stream input (2010). The results revealed that there was a sharp decline in total culturable fungal abundance between 9 and 11 m lake depth with a concurrent shift in diversity. A total of 29 species were identified from all three water sources with near even distribution between Ascomycota and Basidomycota (15 and 14 respectively). The most abundant taxa isolated from Lake Fryxell in 2008 were <i>Glaciozyma watsonii</i> (59%) followed by <i>Penicillium</i> spp. (10%), both of which were restricted to 9 m and above. Although seven species were found below the chemocline of 11 m in 2008, their abundance comprised only 10% of the total culturable fungi. The taxa of isolates collected from glacial source input streams had little overlap with those found in Lake Fryxell. The results highlight the spatial discontinuities of fungal populations that can occur within connected oligotrophic aquatic habitats.
High resolution electronic spectroscopy of ZnCH3 and CdCH3 (1993)

ZnCH3 and CdCH3 radicals have been prepared in a cold supersonic free jet expansion and their laser-induced-fluorescence spectrum recorded for the Ã 2E←X̃ 2A1 electronic transition. These spectra show well resolved rotational and spin structure, which has been completely analyzed. This analysis yields the rotational constants and the components of the spin–rotation tensors in the Ã and X̃ states of both radicals. The observed constants are discussed in terms of the electronic structure of the radicals. It is demonstrated that the upper F2 spin–orbit component of the Ã 2E state of CdCH3 is strongly perturbed by another, dissociative electronic state. This leads to some predissociation of the Ã 2E3/2 component and a broadening of its lines. The rotational and fine structure in this state is also quite perturbed leading to an unusual, but still interpretable spectrum.
Development of a Method to Compare Real-World Crashes to Vehicle Crash Tests (2010)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Regulatory crash tests provide minimum performance standards for the safety of vehicles sold in the United States. In order to evaluate the similarity of real world crashes to crash tests, a method was developed to compare Crash Injury Research and Engineering Network (CIREN) crashes to crash tests for frontal and side impacts in a controlled, repeatable approach. The purpose of developing a new methodology was to enable future in-depth research on occupant injuries. Three parameter sets were compared for similarities: crash, vehicle, and occupant characteristics. Occupant injuries were compared with injury probabilities calculated from Anthropomorphic Test Devices (ATD). Two vehicle parameters, six crash parameters, and five occupant parameters were developed as comparison criteria while additional parameters were included only as supplemental information. CIREN contained in-depth crash and occupant injury information to make crash outcome comparisons possible. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) and Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) databases provided the crash test information needed to complete the comparisons. One exemplary case was reviewed in detail for methodological explanation and as a reference for utilizing this method for future work. In this one case, eleven of thirteen parameters demonstrated good similarity to the crash test. The restrained CIREN case occupant sustained multiple injuries to the thorax, abdomen, pelvis, and lower extremity as a result of a full frontal impact. By comparing this to a NHTSA frontal crash test, it was possible to investigate ATD injury predictions in relation to the CIREN case occupant's injuries. These comparisons can be made on a per-case basis and used to explore specific differences between the crash test and real-world crash to determine the correlation between occupant outcomes. In particular, these comparison methods were utilized during case review to aid in the review process and investigate occupant kinematics in a crash. This method examines the relationship between crash test results and real-world crash data.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;