gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analytical Approach to Steam Turbine Heat Transfer in a Combined Cycle Power Plant (2004)

Combined cycle units have become very popular in recent years as a source of power generation. Such units have a gas turbine as the topping cycle and a steam turbine as the bottoming cycle and can reach combined cycle efficiencies as high as 60%. The exhaust from the gas turbine is passed through a heat exchanger in which steam is generated for the steam turbine. This combined arrangement makes it less polluting as well. An important element of a combined cycle power plant is the steam turbine, which is the subject of this paper. Improvements to the design of advanced steam turbines require an improved understanding of the heat transfer within the various components of the unit. Physics-based ANSYS models for typical GE high pressure and intermediate pressure units have been developed. Components such as the rotor, diaphragm, and shells have been analyzed. The boundary conditions were derived from full-load, steady state flow analyses, steam turbine performance code outputs and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analyses to develop normalized (non-dimensional) local flow conditions, with the normalizing parameters based on key cycle parameters. These normalized local flow conditions and cycle parameters were then used to define local transient boundary temperatures and heat transfer coefficients for input to the thermal ANSYS models. Transient analyses of components were performed. The results were compared with temperature measurements taken during the complete cycle of an operational steam turbine to validate and improve the methodology, and were applied to structural models of the components to predict their thermal growth and the net impact on the clearance between the rotor and diaphragms and other secondary flow paths in the steam turbine, including the packing seals. This paper will focus on the thermal modeling of a typical steam turbine. It will discuss the process used (summarized above) and the basic equations employed in the analyses. Results will be compared with shell temperature measurements obtained during the start up of a steam turbine in the field. Implications of the thermal results on power systems operation will be discussed. Plans for future improvements will be presented.
Functional Characterization and ATP-Induced Dimerization of the Isolated ABC-Domain of the Haemolysin B Transporter (2005)

Nucleotide-binding domains (NBD) are highly conserved constituents of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. Members of this family couple ATP hydrolysis to the transfer of various molecules across cell membranes. The NBD of the HlyB transporter, HlyB-NBD, was characterized with respect to its uncoupled ATPase activity, oligomeric state, and stability in solution. Experimental data showed that both the nature and pH of an assay buffer influenced the level of protein activity. Comparative analysis of protein stability and ATPase activity in various buffers suggests an inverse relationship between the two. The highest ATPase activity was detected in HEPES, pH 7.0. A kinetic analysis of the ATPase activity in this buffer revealed an enzyme concentration dependence and ATP-induced protein oligomerization. Assuming that the dimer is the active form of enzyme, at least half of the purified HlyB-NBD was estimated to be a dimer at 1.2 microM under the most optimal conditions for ATP hydrolysis. This is about 2 orders of magnitude lower than reported for other canonical ABC-ATPases. The maximum reaction velocity of 0.6 micromol/mg x min at 22 degrees C and the apparent kinetic constant K(app)(0.5) of 0.26 mM for ATP were determined for the dimerized HlyB-NBD. Gel filtration experiments with the wild-type protein and HlyB-NBD mutated in a key catalytic residue, H662A, provided further evidence for ATP-induced protein dimerization. ATPase activity experiments with protein mixtures composed of wild-type and the ATPase-deficient H662A mutant demonstrated that one intact NBD within a dimer is sufficient for ATP hydrolysis. This single site turnover might suggest a sequential mechanism of ATP hydrolysis in the intact HlyB transporter.
Abstract 12019: Durable Infarct Size Reduction Due to Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy Regulates Whole-Chamber Left Ventricular Remodeling (2012)

Background: Myocardial infarction (MI) leads to left ventricular remodeling, characterized by progressive chamber enlargement and geometric change from an elliptical to a spherical configuration. A...
Optimization of Refrigeration Systems for High-Heat-Flux Microelectronics (2008)

Increasingly, military and civilian applications of electronics require extremely high heat fluxes, on the order of 1000 W/cm2. Thermal management solutions for these severe operating conditions are subject to a number of constraints, including energy consumption, controllability, and the volume or size of the package. Calculations indicate that the only possible approach to meeting this heat flux condition, while maintaining the chip temperature below 50 °C, is to utilize refrigeration. Here we report an initial optimization of the refrigeration system design. Because the outlet quality of the fluid leaving the evaporator must be held to approximately less than 20%, in order to avoid reaching critical heat flux, the refrigeration system design is dramatically different from typical configurations for household applications. In short, a simple vapor-compression cycle will require excessive energy consumption, largely because of the superheat required to return the refrigerant to its vapor state before the compressor inlet. A better design is determined to be a “two-loop” cycle, in which the vapor-compression loop is coupled thermally to a primary loop that directly cools the high-heat-flux chip.
Instrumentation Systems for a Continuous Flow Turbine Rotor (1997)

The design and testing of instrumentation systems for the measurement of steady and unsteady turbine blade surface pressure and boundary layer condition for a turbine stage operating at design Mach and Reynolds numbers is presented. The boundary layer condition is monitored by an array of suction and pressure surface heated thin-film gauges. This paper describes the desigo of a forty channel constant temperature bridge to drive these gauges. The bridge fits into the centre of a sub-shaft driven by the turbine wheel. The amplified bridge output is transferred from the rotor via an array of light emitting diodes. The surface pressure is recorded by unpackaged pressure transducer chips laid into the surface of the blade. This paper also describes the circuitry necessary to drive these transducers. The position of these circuits and the transmission method are the same as those used for the thin film gauges. Both systems have a bandwidth sufficient for the resolution of vane-blade interactions.
Biological mechanisms underlying inter‐individual variation in factor VIII clearance in haemophilia (2020)

Previous studies have highlighted marked inter-individual variations in factor VIII (FVIII) clearance between patients with haemophilia (PWH). The half-life of infused FVIII has been reported to vary from as little as 5.3 hours in some adult PWH, up to as long as 28.8 hours in other individuals. These differences in clearance kinetics have been consistently observed using a number of different plasma-derived and recombinant FVIII products. Furthermore, recent studies have demonstrated that half-life for extended half-life (EHL-) FVIII products also demonstrates significant inter-patient variation. Since time spent with FVIII trough levels <1% has been shown to be associated with increased bleeding risk in PWH on prophylaxis therapy, this variability in FVIII clearance clearly has major clinical significance. Recent studies have provided significant novel insights into the cellular basis underlying FVIII clearance pathways. In addition, accumulating data have shown that endogenous plasma VWF levels, ABO blood group and age, all play important roles in regulating FVIII half-life in PWH. Indeed, multiple regression analysis suggests that together these factors account for approximately 34% of the total inter-individual variation in FVIII clearance observed between subjects with severe haemophilia A. In this review, we consider these and other putative modulators of FVIII half-life, and discuss the biological mechanisms through which these factors impact upon FVIII clearance in vivo.
Thermal-mechanical behavior of self-assembled nanoparticle membranes (2016)

Ultra-thin nanoparticle (NP) membranes are self-assembled hybrid materials that have attracted
considerable interests. Monolayer membranes formed of simple dodecanethiol ligated gold NPs have mech.
strength that comes mostly from weak non-covalent van der Waals interactions between ligands, yet they can
free-stand over micron-size holes and have a Young's modulus on the order of several GPa. We will present our
recent exptl.-theor. study on the thermo-mech. behavior of these membranes and reveal microscopic details
relating to ligand rearrangement and dynamics that lead to their hysteretic mech. response. The results provide
insight that can be useful in the development of new non-covalent self-assembled materials with tunable
properties.
A Combination of the Aerosolized PPAR-γ Agonist Pioglitazone and a Synthetic Surfactant Protein B Peptide Mimic Prevents Hyperoxia-Induced Neonatal Lung Injury in Rats (2018)

&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Despite improvements in perinatal care, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in extremely premature infants has not decreased. Postnatal surfactant therapy provides symptomatic relief from respiratory distress syndrome, but does not translate into a reduction in BPD. Therefore, the search for effective interventions to prevent BPD continues. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Objectives:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Since PPAR-γ agonists have been demonstrated to promote neonatal lung maturation and injury repair, we hypothesized that a formulation of a PPAR-γ agonist, pioglitazone (PGZ) and a synthetic lung surfactant (a surfactant protein B peptide mimic, B-YL) combined would stimulate lung maturation and block hyperoxia-induced neonatal lung injury more effectively than either modality alone. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; One-day-old Sprague-Dawley rat pups were administered PGZ + B-YL via nebulization every 24 h for up to 72 h. The pups were exposed to either 21 or 95% O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, and then sacrificed. Their lungs were examined for markers of lung maturation (levels of PPAR-γ, SP-C and choline-phosphate cytidylyltransferase [CCT-α] and [&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;H]triolein uptake) and injury repair (bronchoalveolar lavage cell count and protein content, and levels of LEF-1, fibronectin, ALK5, and β-catenin) by Western blot analysis. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Markers of alveolar epithelial/mesenchymal maturation (PPAR-γ, SP-C, CCT-α, and triolein uptake) increased significantly in the PGZ + B-YL group, more than with either drug alone. Similarly, markers of hyperoxia-induced lung injury were blocked effectively with PGZ + B-YL treatment. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Nebulized PPAR-γ agonist PGZ with a synthetic lung surfactant accelerates lung maturation and prevents neonatal hyperoxia-induced lung injury more than either modality alone, with the potential to provide more effective prevention of BPD.
The Roles of TNFR2 Signaling in Cancer Cells and the Tumor Microenvironment and the Potency of TNFR2 Targeted Therapy (2022)

The appreciation that cancer growth is promoted by a dynamic tumor microenvironment (TME) has spawned novel approaches to cancer treatment. New therapies include agents that activate quiescent T effector cells and agents that interfere with abnormal neovascularity. Although promising, many experimental therapies targeted at the TME have systemic toxicity. Another approach is to target the TME with greater specificity by taking aim at the tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR2) signaling pathway. TNFR2 is an attractive molecular target because it is rarely expressed in normal tissues (thus, has low potential for systemic toxicity) and because it is overexpressed on many types of cancer cells as well as on associated TME components, such as T regulatory cells (Tregs), tumor-associated macrophages, and other cells that facilitate tumor progression and spread. Novel therapies that block TNFR2 signaling show promise in cell culture studies, animal models, and human studies. Novel antibodies have been developed that expressly kill only rapidly proliferating cells expressing newly synthesized TNFR2 protein. This review traces the origins of our understanding of TNFR2's multifaceted roles in the TME and discusses the therapeutic potential of agents designed to block TNFR2 as the cornerstone of a TME-specific strategy.
Evidence that the Immediate-Early Gene Product ICP4 Is Necessary for the Genome of the Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 ICP4 Deletion Mutant Strain d 120 To Circularize in Infected Cells (2006)

Following infection, the physical state of linear herpes simplex virus (HSV) genomes may change into an "endless" or circular form. In this study, using Southern blot analysis of the HSV genome, we provide evidence that immediate-early protein ICP4 is involved in the process of converting the linear HSV-1 ICP4-deleted mutant strain d120 genome into its endless form. Under conditions where de novo viral DNA synthesis was inhibited, the genome of the ICP4 deletion mutant d120 failed to assume an endless conformation following infection of Vero cells (compared with the ability of wild-type strain KOS). This defect was reversed in the Vero-derived cell line E5, which produces the ICP4 protein, suggesting that ICP4 is necessary and sufficient to complement the d120 defect. When ICP4 protein was provided by the replication-defective DNA polymerase mutant HP66, the genomes of mutant d120 could assume an endless conformation in Vero cells. Western blot analysis using antibody specific to the ICP4 protein showed that although the d120 virions contained ICP4 protein, the majority of that ICP4 protein was in a 40-kDa truncated form, with only a small fraction present as a full-length 175-kDa protein. When expression of ICP4 protein from E5 cells was inhibited by cycloheximide, the d120 virion-associated ICP4 protein was unable to mediate endless formation after infection of E5 cells. Collectively, these data suggest that ICP4 protein has an important role in mediating the endless formation of the HSV-1 genome upon infection and that this function can be provided in trans.
Bi-2223 Innermost Coil for 1.03 GHz NMR Magnet (2010)

Because of their high critical fields, high- <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> superconductors (HTS) are considered to be the only solution to dramatically increase the highest fields of NMR magnets. We have successfully demonstrated that a 500 MHz HTS/LTS NMR system with a Bi-2223 innermost coil could be used for solution NMR in a driven-mode operation. As the next step, the upgrade of the 920 MHz NMR system installed at the Tsukuba Magnet Laboratory is underway. The innermost Nb <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> Sn coil has been replaced by a Bi-2223 coil. The coil was fabricated as a layer-wound coil using five Bi-2223 conductors reinforced with bronze tapes. It was connected in series with the outer Nb <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> Sn and NbTi coils. The magnet is expected to generate a field of 24.2 T (1.03 GHz of <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> H resonance frequency) at an operating current of 244.4 A. The test using the Bi-2223 coil and the outer Nb <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> Sn coils in combination was successfully carried out. The coil has been installed in the 1.03 GHz NMR magnet. Its cooling and operation are scheduled to take place within Fiscal Year 2010.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 1,6‐DIAZAPHENALENE (1982)

Abstract 3‐Hydroxy‐2‐cyclohexenon (I) kondensiert mit Acetondicarbonsäureester (II) zu den hydrierten Chinolonketonen (III).
Fretting of CoCrMo and Ti6Al4V alloys in modular prostheses (2015)

Implantation of a total hip replacements (THR) is an effective intervention in the management of arthritis. Modularity at the taper junction of THR was introduced in order to improve the ease with which the surgeon could modify the length of the taper section and the overall length of the replacement. Cobalt chromium (Co–28Cr–6Mo) and titanium (Ti–6Al–4V) alloys are the most commonly used materials for the device. This study investigates the fretting behaviour of both CoCr–CoCr and CoCr–Ti couplings and analyses their damage mechanisms. A reciprocating tribometer ball on plate fretting contact was instrumented with in situ electrochemistry to characterise the damage inflicted by tribocorrosion on the two couplings. Fretting displacements amplitudes of 10, 25 and 50 μm at an initial contact pressure of 1 GPa were assessed. The results reveal larger metallic volume loss from the CoCr–CoCr alloy compared to the CoCr–Ti alloy, and the open circuit potential indicates a depassivation of the protective oxide layer at displacement amplitudes >25 μm. In conclusion, the damage mechanisms of CoCr–CoCr and CoCr–Ti fretting contacts were identified to be wear and fatigue dominated mechanisms respectively.
Schlieren Image Velocimetry applied to EHD flow (2006)

International audience
An elastic-plastic and strength prediction model for injection-molded long-fiber thermoplastics (2008)

This paper applies a recently developed model to predict the elastic-plastic stress/strain response and strength of injection-molded long-fiber thermoplastics (LFTs). The model combines a micro-macro constitutive modeling approach with experimental characterization and modeling of the composite microstructure to determine the composite stress/strain response and strength. Specifically, it accounts for elastic fibers embedded in a thermoplastic resin that exhibits the elastic-plastic behavior obeying the Ramberg-Osgood relation and J-2 deformation theory of plasticity. It also accounts for fiber length, orientation and volume fraction distributions in the composite formed by the injection-molding process. Injection-molded-long-glass-fiber/polypropylene (PP) specimens were prepared for mechanical characterization and testing. Fiber length, orientation, and volume fraction distributions were then measured at some selected locations for use in the computation. Fiber orientations in these specimens were also predicted using an anisotropic rotary diffusion model developed for LFTs. The stress-strain response of the as-formed composite was computed by an incremental procedure that uses the Eshelby’s equivalent inclusion method, the Mori-Tanaka assumption and a fiber orientation averaging technique. The model has been validated against the experimental stress-strain results obtained for these long-glass-fiber/PP specimens.
Supplementary Figure 2 from First-in-Human Trial of a STAT3 Decoy Oligonucleotide in Head and Neck Tumors: Implications for Cancer Therapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 2.5MB, The chemistry used to generate the modified decoys&lt;/p&gt;
High power hybrid and MMIC amplifiers using wide-bandgap semiconductor devices on semi-insulating SiC substrates (2003)

An overview of hybrid and monolithic high-power microwave amplifiers using SiC MESFET and GaN HEMT active devices is presented. High power densities of 5.2 W/mm and 63% power added efficiency (PAE) have been demonstrated for SiC MESFETs at 3.5 GHz. This performance has driven the development of wide-bandwidth MMIC amplifiers, which have yielded 37 W of pulsed power at 3.5 GHz. GaN HEMTs on SiC substrates can achieve these high performance levels at frequencies where SiC cannot operate. At 10 GHz, a 12-mm GaN HEMT hybrid amplifier achieved a CW output power level of 38 W with an associated gain of 8 dB and PAE of 29%, complementing a previous pulsed result of 50.1 W. MMIC amplifiers have also been demonstrated using GaN-on-SiC technology. At 16 GHz, a two-stage GaN HEMT MMIC wide-bandwidth amplifier was capable of a peak power level of 24.2 watts with an associated gain of 12.8 dB and PAE of 22%. Recently, a 6-mm single-stage narrow-band MMIC amplifier has produced 32 watts of pulsed power at 10 GHz with an associated gain of 8.3 dB and a PAE of 35.3%. Finally, to validate progress in scaling unit cell performance to large devices, we have demonstrated 103 W of CW power from a single GaN HEMT transistor at 2 GHz with an associated drain efficiency of 52%.
Experimental demonstration of a high-speed optical correlator for phase-modulated packets (2008)

A high-speed programmable optical correlator for phase-modulated packets is demonstrated at 40 Gb/s. The system is based on the temporal analogue of the spatial 4-f correlator.
Rationale and Study Design of Dietary Intervention in Patients Polypectomized for Tumors of the Colorectum (2002)

We have implemented a randomized controlled dietary intervention in patients polypectomized for tumors of the colorectum to elucidate potential beneficial effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on the development of colorectal tumors. Those individuals in the experimental group were advised not only to decrease their consumption of fats/oils as a whole and foods supplying n-6 PUFAs but also to increase intake of foods and supplements containing n-3 PUFAs, while those in the comparison group were cautioned to reduce intake of fats/oils as a whole. Patients' compliance/adherence was monitored with a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and by assessment of fatty acid concentrations in plasma, membranes of red blood cells and sigmoid colon samples. As for endpoints to assess tumor suppressive effects of n-3 PUFAs, the number/multiplicity, sizes and incidence rates of colorectal tumors were compared between the experimental and comparison groups after 12 and 24 months of the dietary intervention. On the specified assumption, the number of pairs needed for achieving statistical significance was calculated to be approximately 60-80. A randomized controlled trial is under way to secure enough patients, sustain compliance/adherence and minimize dropouts.
Highly Robust Flexible Poly-Si Thin Film Transistor Under Mechanical Strain With Split Active Layer for Foldable Active Matrix Organic Light Emitting Diode Display (2022)

We report a novel active split structure of low-temperature polysilicon (LTPS) thin film transistor (TFT) on polyimide (PI) substrate showing robust electrical performance under mechanical strain. The compressive and tensile bending tests were carried out with cylinders of radii 3, 2 and 1 mm respectively. The active split TFT exhibits much more stable electrical performance than the conventional TFT. The conventional LTPS TFT shows electrical failure due to the crack generation during tensile or compressive bending test carried out with 1 mm radius cylinder. The split poly-Si islands could resist crack formation/propagation, resulting in a robust electrical performance.