gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Circuit approaches to increasing IGBT switching speed (1988)

Circuit techniques which greatly speed up the turn-off process of the insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) are presented. The circuits apply voltage to an external capacitor while the IGBT is in the ON state, and use this voltage to extract the excess charge stored in the base region of the device when the gate is turned off. An n/sup +/ diffusion has been added to the n/sup -/ base to facilitate this extraction. The circuitry does not affect the intrinsic ON resistance of the IGBT and thus avoids the usual ON-resistance/switching-speed trade-off. The area associated with the n/sup +/ diffusion adds to the area of the IGBT, and thus increases the specific ON resistance of the device. Test devices have been fabricated and turn-off times of 500 ns have been achieved.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
ChemInform Abstract: A New Method for Rapid Solution Synthesis of Shorter Peptides by Use of PyBOP (Benzotriazolyloxytris(pyrrolidino)phosphonium Hexafluorophosphate). (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A Study on the Impact of Domain Randomization for Monocular Deep 6DoF Pose Estimation (2020)

In this work, we apply domain randomization to synthetic images and train deep 6DoF monocular RGB pose estimation models to work on a real object. We compare 19 models trained with different combinations of synthetic and real data (fully synthetic, fully real, initially synthetic and supplemented with real, and a real-synthetic randomized mix). By gradually decreasing the amount of real data used, we show it is possible for deep 6DoF detection to obtain superior results while using less real data (which is harder to obtain) and suggest the best approach to train a model with synthetic data. Our method is validated using a textureless 3D printed object, as the textureless category is a challenging, common open problem in itself. A real and a synthetic dataset generated for this work, totalling over 24,800 annotated frames, are also made public. We also show that synthetic, randomized data can help generalize a model by training it to handle challenges such as illumination changes and fast motion. Finally, we also evaluate how a model trained for one camera sensor works with a different one, and show that synthetic simulations of real cameras can help overcoming this challenge.
Data from ΔNp63α Up-Regulates the <i>Hsp70</i> Gene in Human Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;HSP70, a stress response protein, is known to be a determinant of cell death and cell transformation. We show that different isoforms of &lt;i&gt;p63&lt;/i&gt; have different transcriptional activities on &lt;i&gt;hsp70&lt;/i&gt; genes. ΔNp63α, an abundantly expressed isoform of &lt;i&gt;p63&lt;/i&gt;, activates (&lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;), whereas TAp63γ down-regulates the expression of &lt;i&gt;hsp70&lt;/i&gt;. We further show that the transactivation domain at the NH&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; terminus of p63 represses, whereas the COOH terminus activates &lt;i&gt;hsp70&lt;/i&gt; transcription. In addition, ΔNp63α regulates transcription of the &lt;i&gt;hsp70&lt;/i&gt; gene through its interaction with the CCAAT binding factor and NF-Y transcription factors which are known to form a complex with the CCAAT box located in the &lt;i&gt;hsp70&lt;/i&gt; promoter. Moreover, ΔNp63α expression correlates with HSP70 expression in all head and neck cancer cell lines. Finally, we show colocalization of ΔNp63α and HSP70 in the epithelium and coexpression of both proteins in 41 primary head and neck cancers. Our study provides strong evidence for the physiologic association between ΔNp63α and hsp70 in human cancer, thus further supporting the oncogenic potential of ΔNp63α.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Broadband hitless silicon electro-optic switch  for on-chip optical networks (2009)

We report on the demonstration of a broadband (60 GHz), spectrally hitless, compact (20 microm x 40 microm), fast (7 ns) electro-optical switch. The device is composed of two coupled resonant cavities, each with an independently addressable PIN diode. This topology enables operation of the switch without perturbing adjacent channels in a wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) system.
Transcriptional regulatory model of fibrosis progression in the human lung (2019)

To develop a systems biology model of fibrosis progression within the human lung we performed RNA sequencing and microRNA analysis on 95 samples obtained from 10 idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and 6 control lungs. Extent of fibrosis in each sample was assessed by microCT-measured alveolar surface density (ASD) and confirmed by histology. Regulatory gene expression networks were identified using linear mixed-effect models and dynamic regulatory events miner (DREM). Differential gene expression analysis identified a core set of genes increased or decreased before fibrosis was histologically evident that continued to change with advanced fibrosis. DREM generated a systems biology model (www.sb.cs.cmu.edu/IPFReg) that identified progressively divergent gene expression tracks with microRNAs and transcription factors that specifically regulate mild or advanced fibrosis. We confirmed model predictions by demonstrating that expression of POU2AF1, previously unassociated with lung fibrosis but proposed by the model as regulator, is increased in B lymphocytes in IPF lungs and that POU2AF1-knockout mice were protected from bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. Our results reveal distinct regulation of gene expression changes in IPF tissue that remained structurally normal compared with moderate or advanced fibrosis and suggest distinct regulatory mechanisms for each stage.
Rituximab&nbsp;capping&nbsp;triggers intracellular reorganization of B cells (2017)

The antibody rituximab, which binds to the protein CD20 on the surface of B-cells, has been used to treat B-cell malignancies for several years. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this treatment are not yet fully understood. One well-established rituximab-induced mechanism, natural killer (NK) cell mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), has recently been described to involve the polarisation of bound rituximab and CD20 to one side of the B-cell. B-cells polarised this way were cleared more efficiently by NK-cells, which led us to further investigate the cellular events involved in the polarisation process. Using optical microscopy on rituximab treated cells, we have found that the rituximab/CD20-rich, polarised side accumulated mitochondria and actin, whereas the nucleus was re-organised to the opposite side of the cell. Depleting actin via different methods correlated with a decrease in rituximab, mitochondria and nucleus polarisation, suggesting polarisation to be an actin-dependent, active process that triggers intracellular rearrangement. The influence of these intracellular rearrangements on the efficiency of NK-cell mediated clearance of B-cell malignancies remains open for future investigation.
URMC-099 facilitates amyloid-β clearance in a murine model of Alzheimer’s disease (2018)

URMC-099 facilitates Aβ clearance in the brain of APP/PS1 mice. The multifaceted immune modulatory and neuroprotective roles of URMC-099 make it an attractive candidate for ameliorating the course of AD. This is buttressed by removal of pathologic Aβ species and restoration of the brain's microenvironment during disease.
Synthesis of two glucagon antagonists: receptor binding, adenylate cyclase, and effects on blood plasma glucose levels (1987)

In diabetes mellitus, hyperglycemia is often associated with elevated levels of glucagon in the blood. This suggests that glucagon is a contributing factor in the metabolic abnormalities of diabetes mellitus. A glucagon-receptor antagonist would provide direct evidence for glucagon's role in diabetes mellitus. On the basis of careful consideration of conformational, amphiphilic, and structural factors, we have synthesized two new glucagon analogues with antagonist biological activities by using solid-phase methodology. These two new analogues, [Asp3,D-Phe4,Ser5,Lys17,18,Glu21]glucagon (2) and [D-Phe4,Tyr5,3,5-I2-Tyr10,Arg12,Lys17,18,G lu21]glucagon (3) had IC50 values 5.4% and 50% those of glucagon, respectively, and showed no measurable adenylate cyclase activity. When tested in normal rats, 2 lowered plasma glucose levels and suppressed glucagon-mediated hyperglycemia 105 +/- 8%, back to basal levels. Analogue 3, which lowered the basal adenylate cyclase activity in rat liver plasma membranes, increased plasma glucose levels at very high concentration in vivo and inhibited glucagon-mediated hyperglycemia in normal rats by 50%. However, neither of the new glucagon antagonists lowered the plasma glucose levels of diabetic animals. The data would suggest these new glucagon-receptor antagonists may have two actions: (a) in normal rats they can act as standard glucagon-receptor inhibitors of glucagon-mediated glycogenolysis; (b) in diabetic rats, however, because of the low levels of glycogen in the liver, the antagonists apparently have little or no antagonist effect or enhancement on glucagon-mediated glucose production.
Facial Metrics in Children with Corticotrophin-Producing Pituitary Adenomas Suggest Abnormalities in Midface Development (2009)

We conclude that some of the indices of midline craniofacial development, in particular those affecting the vertical axis, are different in children with corticotroph adenomas producing ACTH.
A multinuclear NMR study of asymmetrically coordinated .eta.3-allyls in [PtCl(.eta.3-allyl)(phosphine)] and [Pt(phenyl)(.eta.3-allyl)(phosphine)] complexes (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA multinuclear NMR study of asymmetrically coordinated .eta.3-allyls in [PtCl(.eta.3-allyl)(phosphine)] and [Pt(phenyl)(.eta.3-allyl)(phosphine)] complexesHoward C. Clark, Mark J. Hampden-Smith, and Heinz RueggerCite this: Organometallics 1988, 7, 10, 2085–2093Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00100a001https://doi.org/10.1021/om00100a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views171Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Acidity of Hydrocarbons. V. Stereochemistry and Mechanism of the Proton Exchange Reactions of Hydrocarbons in Cyclohexylamine (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAcidity of Hydrocarbons. V. Stereochemistry and Mechanism of the Proton Exchange Reactions of Hydrocarbons in CyclohexylamineA. Streitwieser, D. E. Van Sickle, and L. ReifCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1962, 84, 2, 258–260Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00861a027https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00861a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views50Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effects of Digoxin‐binding Fab in a Rat Model of Preeclampsia (2009)

Objective To investigate the effects of Digibind® (D, digoxin immune Fab, bovine) in the treatment of preeclampsia (PE) in a rat model. D inhibits the cardenolides and may have cross‐reactivity with the bufodienolides. Methods We induced PE in rats by administering DOCA and replacing their drinking water with 0.9% saline. D (10mg/kg) was given intraperitoneally on days 10‐21 of pregnancy (PDS‐D rats, n= 9). These were compared to PDS rats that received no D. (PDS, n=8) and normal pregnant rats (NP, n=10). Results The mean initial blood pressure (BP) was 111 ± 2, 101 ± 3, 104 ± 2 mmHg respectively for PDS‐D, PDS, NP. There was no statistical difference between PDS and NP initial BP. The final BP was 102 ± 1, 154 ± 3, 93 ± 4 mmHg respectively for PDS‐D, PDS, NP, (p &lt; 0.001 PDS vs. NP and PDS vs. PDS‐D). The mean 24 hour protein excretion on day 21 was 2.4 ± 0.8, 5.4 ± 1.0, 2.3 ± 1.2 mg/24 hours, respectively for PDS‐D, PDS, NP, (p&lt; 0.001 PDS‐D vs. PDS). The mean number of pups/litter was 12.8 ± 2.8, 11.5 ± 1.2, 14.9 ± 1.9 respectively for PDS‐D, PDS, NP (p &lt; 0.05 PDS‐D vs. NP). Also, about 30% of the PDS‐D pups showed developmental retardation, compared to the NP indicating intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Conclusions D produced significant lowering of the blood pressure and proteinuria in a rat model of PE. However, teratogenic effects and IUGR were also observed in the PDS‐D group. Scott, Sherwood/Brindley Foundation
Bladder Management for the Evolving Spinal Cord Injury: Options and Considerations (2003)

Bladder management after a spinal cord injury is a critical consideration from the onset of the condition. Inadequate management resulted in a high incidence of morbidity and mortality in the past. As better awareness has been generated and more judicious use of the available management options has been used, a dramatic decline in associated pathologies has occurred. This review seeks to delineate the options for diagnosis and management of the neurogenic bladder. Clinical context is emphasized in the timing of interventions and testing. Suggestions for formulating a urological management plan for the individual patient are provided.
Pig-a gene mutation assay study design: critical assessment of 3- versus 28-day repeat-dose treatment schedules (2020)

The in vivo Pig-a assay is being used in safety studies to evaluate the potential of chemicals to induce somatic cell gene mutations. Ongoing work is aimed at developing an Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) test guideline to support routine use for regulatory purposes (OECD project number 4.93). Among the details that will need to be articulated in an eventual guideline are recommended treatment and harvest schedules. With this in mind, experiments reported herein were performed with Wistar Han rats exposed to aristolochic acid I (AA), 1,3-propane sultone, chlorambucil, thiotepa or melphalan using each of two commonly used treatment schedules: 3 or 28 consecutive days. In the case of the 3-day studies, blood was collected for Pig-a analysis on days 15 or 16 and 29 or 30. For the 28-day studies blood was collected on day 29 or 30. The effect of treatment on mutant reticulocytes and mutant erythrocytes was evaluated with parametric pair-wise tests. While each of the five mutagens increased mutant phenotype cell frequencies irrespective of study design, statistical significance was consistently achieved at lower dose levels when the 28-day format was used (e.g. 2.75 vs 20 mg/kg/bw for AA). To more thoroughly investigate the dose-response relationships, benchmark dose (BMD) analyses were performed with PROAST software. These results corroborate the pair-wise testing results in that lower BMD values were obtained with the 28-day design. Finally, mutagenic potency, as measured by BMD analyses, most consistently correlated with the mutagens' tumorigenic dose 50 values when the lengthier treatment schedule was used. Collectively, these results suggest that both 3- and 28-day treatment schedules have merit in hazard identification-type studies. That being said, for the purpose of regulatory safety assessments, there are clear advantages to study designs that utilise protracted exposures.
Delivering Object-Based Immersive Video Experiences (2021)

Immersive video enables interactive natural consumption of visual content by empowering a user to navigate through six degrees of freedom, with motion parallax and wide-angle rotation. Supporting immersive experiences requires content captured by multiple cameras and efficient video coding to meet bandwidth and decoder complexity constraints, while delivering high quality video to end users. The Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) is developing an immersive video (MIV) standard to data access and delivery of such content. One of MIV operating modes is an objectbased immersive video coding which enables innovative use cases where the streaming bandwidth can be better allocated to objects of interest and users can personalize the rendered streamed content. In this paper, we describe a software implementation of the object-based solution on top of the MPEG Test Model for Immersive Video (TMIV). We demonstrate how encoding foreground objects can lead to a significant saving in pixel rate and bitrate while still delivering better subjective and objective results compared to the generic MIV operating mode without the object-based solution.
Experimental colibacillosis in gnotobiotic piglets exposed to 3 enterotoxigenic serotypes (1982)

Three strains of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) (064:KSNT, K88ac; 020:KSNT, K88ac and 08:K85ab, K99) originally cultured from outbreaks of diarrhoea in piglets a few hours old, were administered orally to gnotobiotic piglets. There was a marked age-related difference in the clinical response to infection between the 3 strains although they all produced heat-stable toxin. All 3 strains produced severe clinical signs of depression, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhoea, followed by dehydration and death in one-day-old piglets. In piglets infected at 3 days of age the two K88+ ETEC caused diarrhoea and death but the K99+ ETEC induced moderate diarrhoea only. In piglets infected at 7 days of age, the 064 strain produced severe diarrhoea and death, and 020 strain caused mild diarrhoea in 3 of 6 piglets with one death while the 08 strain caused no illness. Pathological changes in the intestinal tract associated with these infections were minimal, or absent. Immunofluorescent staining with homologous hyperimmune sera demonstrated adherence of the 3 ETEC strains to the brush border of small intestinal epithelial cells. Fluorescing organisms were observed in all infected piglets irrespective of the severity of clinical signs but the degree and extent of colonisation varied with the age of the piglets and the infecting strain. This may explain the difference in clinical response between the 3 strains.
Collective Escape of Chemotactic Swimmers through Microscopic Ratchets (2010)

We report on the emergence of spontaneously forming migrating bands of E. coli bacteria inside a microchannel containing microstructured ratchets. We show that a collection of bacteria is able to migrate against the funnel-shaped barriers by creating and maintaining a chemoattractant gradient. A transition between pure rectification and chemotaxis-driven collective motion is predicted from theoretical models, and is observed experimentally as the initial inoculation density is varied.
Cross-Bridged Cyclen or Cyclam Co(III) Complexes Containing Cytotoxic Ligands as Hypoxia-Activated Prodrugs (2013)

A series of cobalt(III) complexes of the potent DNA minor groove alkylator (1-(chloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-f]quinolin-3(2H)-yl)(5,6,7-trimethoxy-1H-indol-2-yl)methanone (3; seco-CPyI-TMI), with cyclam or cyclen auxiliary ligands (L3 and L5) containing a cross-bridging ethylene (CH2CH2) group or the N,N'-dimethyl derivatives of these (L4 and L6), was prepared. Two 8-quinolinato (2) model complexes of these, [Co(L3)(2)](ClO4)2 and [Co(L6)(2)](ClO4)2, and the aquated derivative [Co(L6)(H2O)2](OTf)3 were characterized by X-ray crystallography. Electrochemistry of the 8-quinolinato model complexes showed that the Co(III)/(II) reduction potential was lowered relative to the unsubstituted cyclen ligand. Evaluation of the cytotoxicity of the racemic seco-CPyI cobalt complexes in vitro showed considerable attenuation of their cytotoxicity relative to the free alkylator and marked hypoxic selectivity, especially [Co(L3)(3)](2+) (9), which was 81-212-fold more potent under hypoxia than 20% oxygen in a panel of 10 human tumor cell lines. However, 9 did not elicit significant killing of hypoxic cells in HT29 tumor xenografts, suggesting possible pharmacological limitations in vivo.
Temporal and spatial coherence of sound at 250 Hz and 1659 km in the Pacific Ocean: Demonstrating internal waves and deterministic effects explain observations (2009)

The hypothesis tested is that internal gravity waves explain temporal and spatial coherences of sound at 1659 km in the Pacific Ocean for a signal at 250 Hz and a pulse resolution of 0.02 s. From data collected with a towed array, the measured probability that coherence time is 1.8 min or longer is 0.8. Using a parabolic approximation for the acoustic wave equation with sound speeds fluctuating from internal waves, a Monte-Carlo model yields coherence time of 1.8 min or more with probability of 0.9. For spatial coherence, two subsections of the array are compared that are separated by 142 and 370 m in directions perpendicular and parallel to the geodesic, respectively. Measured coherence is 0.54. This is statistically consistent with the modeled 95% confidence interval of [0.52, 0.76]. The difference of 370 m parallel to the section causes spatial coherence to degrade deterministically by a larger amount than the effect of internal waves acting on the 142 m separation perpendicular to the section. The models are run without any tuning with data.