gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Band-Gap States of AgIn5S8 and ZnS–AgIn5S8 Nanoparticles (2017)

The size-dependent band-gap energies of AgIn5S8 nanoparticles were directly measured for the first time using absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopies, which enabled an explanation of the evolution of the band-gap energy with the quantum-confinement effect in AgIn5S8 nanoparticles. The band-gap transition in steady-state and time-resolved photoluminescence spectra indicated that the stable structure of the AgIn5S8 nanoparticles was the cubic phase. The electronic band structures of the Ag–In–S nanoparticles were mainly related to the crystal structures, although the stoichiometry affected the band energies to some extent. Zn doping led to the formation of a ZnS–AgIn5S8 solid solution, as supported by the significant changes in the electronic band structures of the AgIn5S8 nanoparticles. Controlling the size and stoichiometry allowed the emission of the Ag–In–S nanoparticles to be tuned in the entire visible regime.
Supporting scalable analytics with latency constraints (2015)

Recently there has been a significant interest in building big data analytics systems that can handle both "big data" and "fast data". Our work is strongly motivated by recent real-world use cases that point to the need for a general, unified data processing framework to support analytical queries with different latency requirements. Toward this goal, we start with an analysis of existing big data systems to understand the causes of high latency. We then propose an extended architecture with mini-batches as granularity for computation and shuffling, and augment it with new model-driven resource allocation and runtime scheduling techniques to meet user latency requirements while maximizing throughput. Results from real-world workloads show that our techniques, implemented in Incremental Hadoop, reduce its latency from tens of seconds to sub-second, with 2x-5x increase in throughput. Our system also outperforms state-of-the-art distributed stream systems, Storm and Spark Streaming, by 1-2 orders of magnitude when combining latency and throughput.
Inhomogeneous broadening of intersubband transitions inIn0.45Ga0.55As/Al0.45Ga0.55As multiple quantum wells (1997)

The contributions of homogeneous and inhomogeneous broadening mechanisms to the linewidth of an intersubband transition in an ${\mathrm{In}}_{0.45}$${\mathrm{Ga}}_{0.55}$As/${\mathrm{Al}}_{0.45}$${\mathrm{Ga}}_{0.55}$As multiple quantum well are determined by line-shape fitting and saturation intensity spectroscopy. An intersubband transition at 327 meV is found with a total linewidth of 36 meV and an underlying homogeneous linewidth of 14 meV. The sizes of various sources of inhomogeneous broadening are estimated and the implications for intersubband nonlinear optics are discussed.
Structural Insights into the Mechanism of pH-dependent Ligand Binding and Release by the Cation-dependent Mannose 6-Phosphate Receptor (2008)

The cation-dependent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (CD-MPR) is a key component of the lysosomal enzyme targeting system that binds newly synthesized mannose 6-phosphate (Man-6-P)-containing acid hydrolases and transports them to endosomal compartments. The interaction between the MPRs and its ligands is pH-dependent; the homodimeric CD-MPR binds lysosomal enzymes optimally in the pH environment of the trans Golgi network (pH approximately 6.5) and releases its cargo in acidic endosomal compartments (<pH 5.5) and at the cell surface. In addition, CD-MPR binding affinities are modulated by divalent cations. Our previous crystallographic studies have shown that at pH 6.5, the CD-MPR bound to Man-6-P adopts a significantly different quaternary conformation than the CD-MPR in a ligand-unbound state, a feature unique among known lectin structures. To determine whether different pH conditions elicit conformational changes in the receptor that alters ligand binding affinities, we have obtained additional crystal structures representative of the various environments encountered by the receptor including: 1) the CD-MPR bound at pH 6.5 (i.e. trans Golgi network) to a high affinity ligand (the terminally phosphorylated trisaccharide P-Man(alpha1,2)Man(alpha1,2)Man-O-(CH(2))(8)COOMe), 2) the CD-MPR at pH 4.8 in an unbound state (i.e. endosome), and 3) the CD-MPR at pH 7.4 (i.e. cell surface). A detailed comparison of the available CD-MPR structures reveals the positional invariability of specific binding pocket residues and implicates intermonomer contact(s), as well as the protonation state of Man-6-P, as regulators of pH-dependent carbohydrate binding.
Stereochemical Control Mechanisms in Propylene Polymerization Mediated by C1-Symmetric CGC Titanium Catalyst Centers (2007)

This work analyzes stereochemical aspects of olefin polymerization processes mediated by the C1-symmetric constrained geometry catalyst H2Si(ind)(tBuN)TiCH3+ (ind = indenyl), including the role of the cocatalyst/counteranion. The energetics of catalyst activation are first analyzed and shown to compare favorably with experiment. The energetics of heterolytic ion pair separation are next scrutinized, and the effects of solvation environment are assessed. Computed thermodynamic profiles for ethylene insertion at H2Si(ind)(tBuN)TiCH3+ indicate that the kinetics of insertion processes at the H2Si(ind)(tBuN)TiR+ cation can be analyzed in terms of SCF potential energies. We next compare the energetic profile for ethylene insertion at the naked H2Si(ind)(tBuN)TiCH3+ cation with that at the related H2Si(ind)(tBuN)TiCH3+H3CB(C6F5)3- ion pair to understand counterion effects. It is seen that the counterion, although affecting overall catalytic activity, does not significantly influence enchainment stereochemistry or polymer microtacticity. Next, the second ethylene insertion at H2Si(ind)(tBuN)Ti(nC3H7)+H3CB(C6F5)3- is analyzed to evaluate counteranion influence on the propagation barrier. It is found that the ethylene uptake transition state is energetically comparable to the first insertion transition state and that solvation has negligible effects on the energetic profile. These findings justify analysis of the propylene insertion process within the less computationally demanding "naked cation" model. Thus, monomer enchainment at H2Si(ind)(tBuN)TiR+ is analyzed for H2Si(ind)(tBuN)TiCH3+ + propylene (first insertion) and for H2Si(ind)(tBuN)Ti(iC4H6)+ + propylene (second insertion). Data describing the first insertion highlight the sterically dominated regioselection properties of the system with activation energies indicating that olefin insertion regiochemistry is predominantly 1,2 (primary), while the second insertion similarly reflects the catalyst stereoinduction properties, with steric effects introduced by the growing chain (mimicked by an isobutyl group) preferentially favoring insertion pathways that afford isotactic enrichment, in agreement with experiment.
Local Dissolution of MnS Inclusion and Microstructural Distribution of Absorbed Hydrogen in Carbon Steel (2011)

Microelectrochemical polarization and silver decoration techniques were performed on a small area with and without MnS inclusions in carbon steel. The surfaces of the inclusions were found to have partially dissolved in the potential range from 0.35 to −0.25 V (vs. SHE) in a boric-borate buffer (pH 8.45) solution with 10 mM NaCl, whereas the entire surface of the inclusions was slightly dissolved below and above this potential range. Silver deposition occurred only on and around MnS inclusions below 0.0 V, which generally corresponded to the stable region of hydrogen sulfide ions. When the inclusion surfaces were partially dissolved, silver deposition was observed only in the dissolved area. The dissolution species from MnS inclusions appeared to have promoted the hydrogen absorption reaction.
Dynamic time windows for multimodal input fusion (2004)

Natural interaction in multimodal dialogue systems demands quick system response after the end of a user turn. The prediction of the end of user input at each multimodal dialog turn is complicated as users can interact through modalities in any order, and convey a variety of different messages to the system within the turn. Several multimodal interaction frameworks have used fixed-duration time windows to address this problem. We conducted a user study to evaluate the use of fixed-duration time windows and motivate further improvements. This paper describes a probabilistic method for computing an adaptive time window for multimodal input fusion. The goal is to adjust the time window dynamically depending on the user, task, and the number of multimodal inputs for each turn. Experimental results show that the resulting system has superior performance when compared to a system with fixed-duration time windows.
Wear characteristics of boron nitride thin film for durability improvement of ultra- precision component (2007)

Boron nitride (BN) is a highly attractive material for wear resistant applications of mechanical components. BN is super hard and it is the second hardest of all known materials. It also has a high thermal stability, high abrasive wear resistance, and in contrast to diamond, BN does not react with ferrous materials. The motivation of this work is to investigate the tribological properties of BN for potential applications in ultra-precision components for data storage, printing, and other precision devices. In this work, the wear characteristics of BN thin films deposited on DLC or Ti buffer layer with silicon substrate using RF-magnetron sputtering technique were analyzed. Wear tests were conducted by using a pin-on-disk type tester and the wear tracks were measured with a surface profiler. Experimental results showed that wear characteristics were dependent on the sputtering conditions and buffer layer. Particularly, BN coated on DLC layer showed better wear resistant behavior. The range of the wear rates for the BN films tested in this work was about 20 to /cycle.
The BRCA1ness signature is associated significantly with response to PARP inhibitor treatment versus control in the I-SPY 2 randomized neoadjuvant setting (2017)

I-SPY 2 TRIAL beginning December 31, 2009: Neoadjuvant and Personalized Adaptive Novel Agents to Treat Breast Cancer (I-SPY 2), NCT01042379 .
Relationship between serum hepatitis B virus DNA and surface antigen with covalently closed circular DNA in HBeAg‐negative patients (2010)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) is responsible for viral persistence. This study aimed to investigate the serum surrogate markers for cccDNA and to evaluate the intrahepatic viral events associated with disease activity in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B patients. Thirty-three treatment-naïve patients with a negative HBeAg who had a liver biopsy were studied. Active disease was defined as a serum alanine aminotransferase >40 IU/L and a serum HBV DNA >10,000 copies/ml. This study showed significant correlation between serum HBV DNA and both log cccDNA (r = 0.41, P = 0.018) and log total intrahepatic HBV DNA (r = 0.71, P < 0.0001). No significant correlation was observed between serum HBsAg and log cccDNA (P = 0.15) or log total intrahepatic HBV DNA (P = 0.97). Fourteen and 19 patients had inactive and active disease, respectively. The median log cccDNA and log total intrahepatic HBV DNA (copies/10(6) cells) were significantly higher in patients with active disease compared with those with inactive disease (4.11 vs. 3.53, P = 0.03 and 5.46 vs. 4.64, P < 0.001, respectively). The HBV replicative efficiency, defined as the ratio of serum HBV DNA to cccDNA, was approximately 20% higher in patients with active disease. No significant difference was observed in the HBsAg levels and the ratio of serum HBsAg to cccDNA between the two groups. In conclusion, serum HBV DNA, but not HBsAg, reflects the amount of cccDNA and the replication efficiency of HBV in patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B.
A cost effective, community based heart health promotion project in England: prospective comparative study (1997)

It is possible to have a cost effective impact on coronary heart disease lifestyle risk factors in a population of adults over four years using only modest resources.
Comparison of performance of virtual coupling schemes for haptic collaboration using real and emulated internet connections (2007)

Networked haptic virtual environments (NHVEs) are those in which multiple users collaborate and experience force feedback at the same time. The robustness of such systems needs to be tested under various network conditions that closely mirror the Internet. Previously, we had proposed three virtual coupling schemes to maintain position coherency in a NHVE, which were tested using constant and then time-varying delays using the actual Internet through UDP packet reflectors. In this paper we present the results of comparing performance of the virtual coupling schemes for a time varying delay emulated using the popular network emulator NIST Net, with delay conditions that existed during our real Internet experiment to Italy. UDP was used for haptic data communication because of the high transmission rate requirements for NHVEs. Experiments were conducted for three fixed packet transmission rates of 1000, 500 and 100 Hz, and their performance compared using an independent-samples t-test to the data obtained using the Internet. Locally, the haptic update rate was maintained at 1000 Hz during the experiments. Our results show that the NIST Net was a suitable emulator for testing with lower packet transmission rates. At the transmission rate of 1000 Hz the performance of the virtual coupling schemes were significantly different from that of the actual Internet experiment.
Growth Inhibition of Pathogenic Bacteria by Sulfonylurea Herbicides (2012)

Emerging resistance to current antibiotics raises the need for new microbial drug targets. We show that targeting branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) biosynthesis using sulfonylurea herbicides, which inhibit the BCAA biosynthetic enzyme acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS), can exert bacteriostatic effects on several pathogenic bacteria, including Burkholderia pseudomallei, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii. Our results suggest that targeting biosynthetic enzymes like AHAS, which are lacking in humans, could represent a promising antimicrobial drug strategy.
Chronic Fluid Overload and Mortality in ESRD (2017)

Sustained fluid overload (FO) is considered a major cause of hypertension, heart failure, and mortality in patients with ESRD on maintenance hemodialysis. However, there has not been a cohort study investigating the relationship between chronic exposure to FO and mortality in this population. We studied the relationship of baseline and cumulative FO exposure over 1 year with mortality in 39,566 patients with incident ESRD in a large dialysis network in 26 countries using whole-body bioimpedance spectroscopy to assess fluid status. Analyses were applied across three discrete systolic BP (syst-BP) categories (<130, 130-160, and >160 mmHg), with nonoverhydrated patients with syst-BP=130-160 mmHg as the reference category; >200,000 FO measurements were performed over follow-up. Baseline FO value predicted excess risk of mortality across syst-BP categories (<130 mmHg: hazard ratio [HR], 1.51; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.38 to 1.65; 130-160 mmHg: HR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.16 to 1.36; >160 mmHg: HR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.19 to 1.42; all <i>P</i><0.001). However, cumulative 1-year FO exposure predicted a higher death risk (<i>P</i><0.001) across all syst-BP categories (<130 mmHg: HR, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.68 to 2.23; 130-160 mmHg: HR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.35 to 1.69; >160 mmHg: HR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.39 to 1.90). In conclusion, chronic exposure to FO in ESRD is a strong risk factor for death across discrete BP categories. Whether treatment policies that account for fluid status monitoring are preferable to policies that account solely for predialysis BP measurements remains to be tested in a clinical trial.
Alcohol Oxidase와 Alcohol Dehydrogenase를 이용한 기상에서의 Ethanol의 산화반응 (1993)

The effects of reaction temperature and the level of hydration(water activity) were studied for gas phase reactions of alcohol oxidase and alcohol dehydrogenase immobilized on DEAE-cellulose and controlled pore glass(CPG). Optimum reaction temperature zone of gas phase reaction was similar to that of aqueous phase reaction. The activity of alcohol oxidase increased dramatically and the stability decreased when the water activity was increased from 0.3 to 0.8. The apparent activation energies of the gas phase reaction decreased approaching the values obtained in the aqueous phase reaction as the water activity increased. In the both case of alcohol oxidase and alcohol dehydrogenase, the rate constants of the gas phase reaction were lower than those of aqueous phase reaction by two orders of magnitude and these results could be correlated to the vapor-liquid equilibrium data of the substrate, ethanol.
Experimental Electron Density Determination of a Dimetallacyclopropane‐Type μ‐Methylene Complex (1981)

A considerable negative charge on the bridge carbon atom in the dimanganacyclopropane complex (1) has been demonstrated by determination of the electron density. This finding is in agreement with the result of detailed MO calculations. No accumulation of charge density was found between the two Mn atoms, although according to MO calculations direct metal‐metal bonding is present. It must be assumed that there is inadequate overlap of the corresponding metal orbitals. equation image
High density single molecule surface patterning with colloidal epitaxy (2007)

Simple and inexpensive methods for dense surface patterning of single molecules will help realize the massive potential throughput of molecular arrays in biology and nanoscience. To surpass the resolvable density limit imposed by random deposition, the authors have developed a method that uses colloids to pattern single molecules at a fixed length scale. They demonstrate the ability to pattern fluorescently labeled DNA such that ∼38% of the available diffraction-limited regions contain exactly one molecule. This density is slightly less than the theoretical limit suggested by Monte Carlo simulations but surpasses the random deposition limit by more than threefold.
Role of Doping and Dimensionality in the Superconductivity of NaxCoO2 (2005)

We report a complete analysis of the formal Co3+/4+ oxidation state in NaxCoO2, in the interval 0.31 ≤ x ≤ 0.69. Iodometric titration and thermoelectric power confirm that a direct relationship between the Na content and the amount of Co3+ cannot be established in this system. Creation of a significant amount of oxygen vacancies accompanies Na-ion deintercalation, keeping the formal Co valence at 3.45+ for x ≤ 0.45. In light of new thermoelectric power data which reveals important differences between the hydrated (superconducting) and nonhydrated (nonsuperconducting) samples, we propose here that water plays an important “chemical” role beyond that of a spacer between the CoO2 layers.
High power vertical external cavity surface-emitting lasers (VECSELs) emitting in 1310 nm and 1550 nm bands (2009)

Novel 1310 nm and 1550 nm optically pumped VECSELs based on wafer fused InAlGaAs/InPAlGaAs/GaAs gain mirrors demonstrate high CW fundamental mode continuous wave output in excess of 2 W at room temperature.
Superresolution Digital Image Enhancement by Subpixel Image Translation With a Scanning Micromirror (2007)

This paper reports on a superresolution digital image enhancement technique using subpixel image translation with a scanning micromirror. We demonstrate that the spatial resolution of digital photomicrography, employing typical black-and-white pixelated image sensors, can be improved by acquiring multiple images with predetermined subpixel shifts and combining them with a superresolution image reconstruction algorithm. A two-axis gimbaled micromirror fabricated with a bulk-micromachining process is used to control the translational image displacements with subpixel accuracy
Supplementary Data-Combination Response from An Unbiased Oncology Compound Screen to Identify Novel Combination Strategies (2023)

&lt;p&gt;raw combination response data; response is represented as fractional viability&lt;/p&gt;
Precision vs. Power Grip: A Comparison of Pen Grip Styles for Selection in Virtual Reality (2020)

While commercial Virtual Reality (VR) controllers are mostly designed to be held in a power grip, previous research showed that using pen-like devices with a precision grip can improve user performance for selection in VR, potentially even matching that achievable with a mouse. However, it is not known if the improvement is due to the grip style. In this work, 12 subjects performed a Fitts’ task at 3 different depth conditions with a pen-like input device used in both a precision and power grip. Our results identify that the precision grip significantly improves user performance in VR through a significant reduction in error rate, but we did not observe a significant effect of the distance of targets from the user. We believe that our results are useful for designers and researchers to improve the usability of and user performance in VR systems.
Atrial Flutter Versus Atrial Fibrillation in a General Population: Differences in Comorbidities Associated With Their Respective Onset (2009)

This study represents the first report to evaluate potential differences in the conditions associated with the development of AFL versus AF. Research into the mechanisms of atrial arrhythmogenesis may lead to improved preventive and therapeutic interventions.
Converter Rating Analysis for Photovoltaic Differential Power Processing Systems (2014)

When photovoltaic (PV) cells are connected in series, they experience internal and external mismatch that reduces output power. Differential power processing (DPP) architectures achieve high system efficiency by processing a fraction of the total power while maintaining distributed local maximum power point operation. This paper details the computational methods and analysis used to determine the operation of PV-to-bus and PV-to-PV DPP architectures with rating-limited converters. Simulations for both DPP architectures are used to evaluate system performance over 25 years of operation. Based on data from field studies, a PV power coefficient of variation can be estimated as 0.086 after 25 years. An improvement figure of merit reflecting the ratio of energy produced to that delivered in a conventional system is introduced to evaluate comparative performance. Converter ratings of 15-17% for PV-to-bus and 23-33% for PV-to-PV architectures are identified as appropriate ratings for a 15-submodule system (five PV panels in series). Both DPP architectures with these ratings are shown to deliver up to 2.8% more power compared to a conventional series-string architecture based on the expected panel variation over 25 years of operation. DPP converters also outperform dc optimizers in terms of lifetime performance.
Axonal and dendritic synaptotagmin isoforms revealed by a pHluorin-syt functional screen (2012)

The synaptotagmins (syts) are a family of molecules that regulate membrane fusion. There are 17 mammalian syt isoforms, most of which are expressed in the brain. However, little is known regarding the subcellular location and function of the majority of these syts in neurons, largely due to a lack of isoform-specific antibodies. Here we generated pHluorin-syt constructs harboring a luminal domain pH sensor, which reports localization, pH of organelles to which syts are targeted, and the kinetics and sites of exocytosis and endocytosis. Of interest, only syt-1 and 2 are targeted to synaptic vesicles, whereas other isoforms selectively recycle in dendrites (syt-3 and 11), axons (syt-5, 7, 10, and 17), or both axons and dendrites (syt-4, 6, 9, and 12), where they undergo exocytosis and endocytosis with distinctive kinetics. Hence most syt isoforms localize to distinct secretory organelles in both axons and dendrites and may regulate neuropeptide/neurotrophin release to modulate neuronal function.