gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
1234: Differential Roles of Peripheral and Central Nicotinic Receptors in the Micturition Reflex in Rats (2005)

You have accessJournal of UrologyDiscussed Poster, Tuesday, May 24, 2005, 1:00 - 5:00 pm1 Apr 20051234: Differential Roles of Peripheral and Central Nicotinic Receptors in the Micturition Reflex in Rats Hitoshi Masuda, Yukio Hayashi, Michael B. Chancellor, Kazunori Kihara, Yong Tae Kim, William C. de Groat, and Naoki Yoshimura Hitoshi MasudaHitoshi Masuda More articles by this author , Yukio HayashiYukio Hayashi More articles by this author , Michael B. ChancellorMichael B. Chancellor More articles by this author , Kazunori KiharaKazunori Kihara More articles by this author , Yong Tae KimYong Tae Kim More articles by this author , William C. de GroatWilliam C. de Groat More articles by this author , and Naoki YoshimuraNaoki Yoshimura More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(18)35379-5AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "1234: Differential Roles of Peripheral and Central Nicotinic Receptors in the Micturition Reflex in Rats." The Journal of Urology, 173(4S), p. 335 © 2016 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 173Issue 4SApril 2005Page: 335 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Hitoshi Masuda More articles by this author Yukio Hayashi More articles by this author Michael B. Chancellor More articles by this author Kazunori Kihara More articles by this author Yong Tae Kim More articles by this author William C. de Groat More articles by this author Naoki Yoshimura More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
Muslim Food Consumption In China: Between Qingzhen and Halal 1 (2015)

This chapter has explores discourses and practices of qingzhen consumption among Muslims and non-Muslims in China. The relationship between qingzhen and halal is deeply contextualized and contested in the interfaces between Islamic/Chinese culture and government policies. Conventionally, qingzhen is an ethnic term and its practical usage is linked to ethnic, religious and cultural understandings of Muslims in China. Qingzhen is inseparable from Hui identity. Following the introduction, the chapter highlights how it contributes conceptually to debates over the regulation of qingzhen/halal food. Next, it discusses government regulation of qingzhen food production before moving on to the way in which these issues are played out in the local context of the research. Then, the chapter explores qingzhen food in everyday life: eating out and halal food distribution. The conclusion ties the findings of the chapter together and reflects on qingzhen/halal as a &quot;global assemblage&quot; in China.
Sensitivity Study on Scattering Media with MRI-Guided Spatial Heterogeneity (1998)

The sensitivity of NIR optical measurements of the breast, as a function of parameters associated with data collection and of target properties, have been computed from analysis of MRI data. Specific parameters explored include: source condition (DC, 200MHz), view angle (coronal vs. sagittal view), optical contrast of background tissues, contrast of embedded tumor, tumor to breast cross-sectional area ratio, and breast diameter. Results obtained demonstrate the importance of background heterogeneity and previously undocumented an improvement in sensitivity to embedded objects with increasing target diameter. In addition, the sensitivity dependence on the explored parameter space was not found to scale directly with target size.
Structured, unstructured, and semistructured search in semistructured databases (2006)

A single framework for storing and querying XML data, using denormalized schema decompositions, can support both structured queries and unstructured searches, as well as serve as a foundation for combining the two forms of information access. 
XML data format becomes increasingly popular in applications that mix structured data and unstructured text. These applications require integration of structured query and text search mechanisms to access XML data. 
First, we introduce a framework for storing and querying XML data using denormalized schema decompositions. This framework was initially implemented in the XCacheDB XML database system, which uses XML schemas to shred XML data into relational storage. The XCacheDB supports a subset of XQuery language and emphasizes query optimization to reduce latency and output first results quickly. 
The XCacheDB relies on XML schemas, which poses a novel challenge for validation XML updates. We investigate the incremental validation of XML documents with respect to DTDs and XML Schemas. We exhibit an O( m log n) algorithm using an auxiliary structure of size O(n), where n is the size of the document and m is the number of updates. We exhibit a restricted class of DTDs called that arise commonly in practice and for which incremental validation can be done in practically constant time by maintaining only a list of counters. We present implementations and experimental evaluations of both general incremental validation and local validation in the XCacheDB system. 
We, then, present XKeyword system which uses a variation of XCacheDB of schema decompositions to support keyword proximity searches in XML databases. XKeyword decompositions include ID relations which store of IDs of target objects, and pre-compute common joins. 
Finally, we present an architecture of the Semi-Structured Search System (S4) designed to bridge the gap between traditional database and information retrieval systems. S4 QL query language combines features of structured queries and text search to facilitate information discovery without knowledge of schema. S4 is based on the same schema decomposition framework of XCacheDB and XKeyword. However, the combination structured and unstructured query features pose novel challenges to efficient query processing. We outline these issues and possible ways of addressing them.
Ultrathin transmissive metasurfaces for multi-wavelength optics in the visible (2019)

Metasurface-based optical elements have the ability to shape wavefronts by locally changing the properties of incident illumination. They hold great potential to promote a new generation of wearable devices and thin optical systems for imaging and sensing. However, due to the diffractive nature of these metasurfaces, chromatic aberration represents a critical challenge toward practical implementations, especially for the visible spectrum. Existing solutions for multi-wavelength meta-optics inevitably increase the device thickness and system complexity, similar to the conventional refractive and diffractive counterparts. They are also limited to polarization sensitive lenses with a small size and numerical aperture (NA). In this manuscript, we present the design of single-layer multi-wavelength metasurfaces using ultrathin dielectric resonators (thickness ≪ wavelength) as structural elements. The electromagnetic response of these resonators can be tailored by the in-plane geometrical parameters and used to manipulate the transmitted light. We introduce a digital transmission modulation scheme which enables opportunities to design multi-wavelength optics beyond conventional binary diffractive optics. The design versatility of our approach is demonstrated by polarization-independent achromatic metalenses with a larger lens size and larger NA than existing approaches. The simplicity of the design and fabrication process makes these ultrathin metasurfaces good candidates for building flat optical elements that can be easily integrated onto CMOS electronics and MEMS devices.
Portal ICE - Uso de Web Services para Atingir Extensibilidade no Gerenciamento de Múltiplos Agregados (2006)

Arquiteturas para alto desempenho são principalmente representadas por agregados (clusters) e grades. Agregados representam um ambiente controlado e empregam ferramentas específicas para viabilizar as suas funcionalidades. Sistemas para grades apresentam máquinas paralelas como uma única imagem e tratam parâmetros que comumente não são necessários em agregados. Analisando esse contexto, pode-se apontar uma situação entre grades e agregados que é caracterizada pelo acesso isolado de usuários a vários agregados. Ela é marcada pela necessidade desses usuários de aprender detalhes de cada ferramenta dos agregados que tem acesso para poderem utilizá-los. O gerenciamento desse cenário é o alvo do Portal Web ICE - Integrated Cluster Environment. Ele é baseado numa arquitetura orientada a serviço, construída com Web Services, que esconde a complexidade de lidar com diversos agregados. O arcabouço do ICE oferece transparência de acesso e extensibilidade para fácil tratamento de funcionalidades e ferramentas de agregados. Esse artigo descreve o ICE, seu ambiente de testes e trabalhos relacionados.
Cross-plane lattice and electronic thermal conductivities of ErAs : InGaAs/InGaAlAs superlattices - eScholarship (2006)

We studied the cross-plane lattice and electronic thermal conductivities of superlattices made of InGaAlAs and InGaAs films, with the latter containing embedded ErAs nanoparticles (denoted as ErAs:InGaAs). Measurements of total thermal conductivity at four doping levels and a theoretical analysis were used to estimate the cross-plane electronic thermal conductivity of the superlattices. The results show that the lattice and electronic thermal conductivities have marginal dependence on doping levels. This suggests that there is lateral conservation of electronic momentum during thermionic emission in the superlattices, which limits the fraction of available electrons for thermionic emission, thereby affecting the performance of thermoelectric devices. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics.
ChemInform Abstract: Ceria Nanoparticles as Heterogeneous Catalyst for CO2 Fixation by ω‐Amino Alcohols. (2010)

Abstract CeO 2 is found to be a reusable catalyst for the reaction of CO 2 with ω‐amino alcohols (I), (IV) and (VI) to form cyclic carbamates (III), (V), and (VII), respectively.
Figure S1 from TAS0728, A Covalent-binding, HER2-selective Kinase Inhibitor Shows Potent Antitumor Activity in Preclinical Models (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Synthetic procedures&lt;/p&gt;
Tethered tertiary amines as solid-state n-type dopants for solution-processable organic semiconductors (2015)

A scarcity of stable n-type doping strategies compatible with facile processing has been a major impediment to the advancement of organic electronic devices. Localizing dopants near the cores of conductive molecules can lead to improved efficacy of doping. We and others recently showed the effectiveness of tethering dopants covalently to an electron-deficient aromatic molecule using trimethylammonium functionalization with hydroxide counterions linked to a perylene diimide core by alkyl spacers. In this work, we demonstrate that, contrary to previous hypotheses, the main driver responsible for the highly effective doping observed in thin films is the formation of tethered tertiary amine moieties during thin film processing. Furthermore, we demonstrate that tethered tertiary amine groups are powerful and general n-doping motifs for the successful generation of free electron carriers in the solid-state, not only when coupled to the perylene diimide molecular core, but also when linked with other small molecule systems including naphthalene diimide, diketopyrrolopyrrole, and fullerene derivatives. Our findings help expand a promising molecular design strategy for future enhancements of n-type organic electronic materials.
FDG-PET/CT-guided intensity modulated head and neck radiotherapy: A pilot investigation (2005)

We demonstrate early proof of the principle that FDG-PET/CT-guided IMRT planning can selectively target and intensify treatment of head and neck disease while reducing critical normal tissue doses. Routine clinical use of such planning should not be engaged until the accuracy of FDG-PET/CT is fully validated. Future directions, including refinement of treatment to gross disease and radiologically uninvolved neck nodal levels, are discussed.
Three-dimensional super-resolution microscopy in thicker specimens using adaptive optics (2021)

Adaptive optics (AO) is used to correct aberrations when focussing deep into specimens and is particularly important in super-resolution nanoscopy methods, which are particularly sensitive. Novel AO methods have been developed to deal with the particular challenges posed by super-resolution microscopes. We show how various three-dimensional nanoscopy applications can be facilitated using AO. Specifically, this includes whole cell and tissue imaging using a 4Pi single molecule localisation microscope, which uses dual opposing objective lenses and two deformable mirrors for improved z resolution; structured illumination microscopy, with adaptive illumination and aberration correction; and STED-fluorescence correlation spectroscopy in living cells.
MIMO Systems with Intentional Timing Offset (2011)

The performance of MIMO systems with intentional timing offset between the transmitters has recently been the focus of study of different researchers. In these schemes, a nonzero (but known) symbol timing offset is introduced between the signals transmitted from the different transmitters to improve the performance of MIMO systems. This leads to a reduction in Interantenna Interference (IAI), and it is shown that an advanced receiver can utilize this information to extract significant performance gains. In this paper, we show that this transmission scheme may be used in conjunction with different kinds of receivers including ZF, MMSE, and sequence detection-based receivers. We also consider the design of novel pulse shapes that reduce the IAI at the expense of slightly higher intersymbol interference (ISI) and show that additional gains may be achieved.
Demonstration of 100-Gbit/s DQPSK data exchange between two different wavelength channels using parametric depletion in a highly nonlinear fiber (2010)

We report phase-transparent DQPSK data exchange using parametric depletion in a highly nonlinear fiber. 100-Gbit/s DQPSK data exchange is demonstrated with a power penalty less than 5dB. Pump misalignment tolerance (+/-2ps) and input signal power dynamic range (~20dB) are investigated.
Effects of growth temperature, 47-megadalton plasmid, and calcium deficiency on the outer membrane protein porin and lipopolysaccharide composition of Yersinia pestis EV76 (1983)

The expression of several virulence determinants of Yersinia pestis is known to be dependent on the in vitro growth temperature. One of these, calcium dependence, is associated with the presence of a 47-megadalton plasmid. We have examined the effects of incubation temperature, calcium in the growth medium, the presence of the 47-megadalton plasmid on the outer membrane protein, and the lipopolysaccharide composition of Y. pestis EV76. When cells were grown at 37 degrees C as opposed to 26 degrees C, a change in lipopolysaccharide composition and a decrease in the amount of an outer membrane protein (protein E) were observed. The lipopolysaccharide obtained from cells incubated at 37 degrees C had a lower proportion of 2 keto-3-deoxyoctanate, a lower phosphate to 2-keto-3-deoxyoctanate ratio, and an increased gel mobility upon sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis when compared with lipopolysaccharide obtained from cells grown at 26 degrees C. Because of its growth temperature-related abundance, we investigated the nature of protein E. This protein had physical properties similar to those of other enterobacterial porins, including apparent formation of an oligomer on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels when solubilized at low temperature, acidic isoelectric point, and strong noncovalent association with the peptidoglycan. Protein E was purified and shown to form an aqueous channel in planar lipid membranes with a conductance of 1.1 nS in 1 M KCl. In addition to growth temperature-related alterations in the lipopolysaccharide and porin components of the outer membrane, the amount of three spots in two-dimensional polyacrylamide gels was shown to be related to the temperature or the presence of calcium during growth. One of these spots was shown to contain residual unmodified portions of two major heat-modifiable proteins which failed to shift to their heat-modified positions on gels, despite solubilization at 100 degrees C for 10 min before electrophoresis. The other two spots were the heat-modified and unmodified forms of another outer membrane protein (J) which did not appear in the isoelectric focusing gel of cells grown at 37 degrees C. It is proposed that the appearance of these spots in two-dimensional analyses is related to the lipopolysaccharide composition of the cells from which the outer membrane is derived and reflects lipopolysaccharide-protein interactions or calcium-protein interactions.
Detecting Credit Card Fraud Using Periodic Features (2015)

When constructing a credit card fraud detection model, it is very important to extract the right features from transactional data. This is usually done by aggregating the transactions in order to observe the spending behavioral patterns of the customers. In this paper we propose to create a new set of features based on analyzing the periodic behavior of the time of a transaction using the von Mises distribution. Using a real credit card fraud dataset provided by a large European card processing company, we compare state-of-the-art credit card fraud detection models, and evaluate how the different sets of features have an impact on the results. By including the proposed periodic features into the methods, the results show an average increase in savings of 13%. The aforementioned card processing company is currently incorporating the methodology proposed in this paper into their fraud detection system.
Resistively Loaded Patch Dipole Array Antenna (2015)

This chapter contains sections titled: 4.1 Introduction, 4.2 Array Antenna Design Approach, 4.3 Ultrawideband Patch Dipole Array Antenna Design and Prototype Development, 4.4 Ultrawideband Dipole Array Antenna Simulation Results, 4.5 Summary, References
Data from High Expression of ErbB Family Members and Their Ligands in Lung Adenocarcinomas That Are Sensitive to Inhibition of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Recent findings in tumor biopsies from lung adenocarcinoma patients suggest that somatic mutations in the genes encoding epidermal growth factor receptor (&lt;i&gt;EGFR&lt;/i&gt;) and Kirsten ras (&lt;i&gt;KRAS&lt;/i&gt;) confer sensitivity and resistance, respectively, to EGFR inhibition. Here, we provide evidence that these genetic mutations are not sufficient to modulate the biological response of lung adenocarcinoma cells to EGFR inhibition. We found high expression of ErbB family members, ErbB ligands, or both in three models that were sensitive to EGFR inhibition, including alveolar epithelial neoplastic lesions in mice that develop lung adenocarcinoma by oncogenic &lt;i&gt;KRAS&lt;/i&gt;, human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines, and tumor biopsies from lung adenocarcinoma patients. Thus, lung adenocarcinoma cells that depend on EGFR for survival constitutively activate the receptor through a combination of genetic mutations and overexpression of EGFR dimeric partners and their ligands. (Cancer Res 2005; 65(24): 11478-85)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Combination of Linkage Mapping, GWAS, and GP to Dissect the Genetic Basis of Common Rust Resistance in Tropical Maize Germplasm (2020)

Common rust (CR) caused by Puccina sorghi is one of the destructive fungal foliar diseases of maize and has been reported to cause moderate to high yield losses. Providing CR resistant germplasm has the potential to increase yields. To dissect the genetic architecture of CR resistance in maize, association mapping, in conjunction with linkage mapping, joint linkage association mapping (JLAM), and genomic prediction (GP) was conducted on an association-mapping panel and five F3 biparental populations using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Analysis of variance for the biparental populations and the association panel showed significant genotypic and genotype x environment (GXE) interaction variances except for GXE of Pop4. Heritability (h2) estimates were moderate with 0.37–0.45 for the individual F3 populations, 0.45 across five populations and 0.65 for the association panel. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) analyses revealed 14 significant marker-trait associations which individually explained 6–10% of the total phenotypic variances. Individual population-based linkage analysis revealed 26 QTLs associated with CR resistance and together explained 14–40% of the total phenotypic variances. Linkage mapping revealed seven QTLs in pop1, nine QTL in pop2, four QTL in pop3, five QTL in pop4, and one QTL in pop5, distributed on all chromosomes except chromosome 10. JLAM for the 921 F3 families from five populations detected 18 QTLs distributed in all chromosomes except on chromosome 8. These QTLs individually explained 0.3 to 3.1% and together explained 45% of the total phenotypic variance. Among the 18 QTL detected through JLAM, six QTLs, qCR1-78, qCR1-227, qCR3-172, qCR3-186, qCR4-171, and qCR7-137 were also detected in linkage mapping. GP within population revealed low to moderate correlations with a range from 0.19 to 0.51. Prediction correlation was high with r = 0.78 for combined analysis of the five F3 populations. Prediction of biparental populations by using association panel as training set reveals positive correlations ranging from 0.05 to 0.22, which encourages to develop an independent but related population as a training set which can be used to predict diverse but related populations. The findings of this study provide valuable information on understanding the genetic basis of CR resistance and the obtained information can be used for developing functional molecular markers for marker-assisted selection and for implementing GP to improve CR resistance in tropical maize.
Guided modes and loss in a plasma-filled Bragg waveguide (2007)

The dispersion and radiation loss of propagating modes in a plasma-filled Bragg waveguide are investigated. The Bragg waveguide at a center frequency of 10 GHz is modeled with the transfer-matrix method, which has been used to analyze optical Bragg fibers. We calculate the dispersion and radiation loss of the TE01, TM01, and HE11 modes and show how they vary as a function of plasma density. As the plasma density inside the waveguide increases, the cutoff frequency of each mode increases. An increase in plasma density increases the radiation loss in the TE01 mode while it decreases the radiation loss in the TM01 mode; the effect on the HE11 mode is to increase the radiation loss for frequencies above 10.2 GHz and decrease the radiation loss for frequencies below 10.2 GHz.