gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation of Porous PMMA/TiO<sub>2</sub> Microspheres by Spray Drying Process (2016)

본 연구에서는 분무 건조 공정을 이용하여 다공성 PMMA 입자 내부에 <TEX>$TiO_2$</TEX> 나노입자가 고르게 함침된 유/무기 복합분체를 제조하여, <TEX>$TiO_2$</TEX>의 은폐력은 그대로 유지하면서도 다공성 구조체로 피지를 흡유하여 지속성을 증대시키는 메이크업 화장품 소재로서의 가능성을 확인하고자 하였다. 끓는점이 다른 두 가지 공용매(디클로로메탄 및 헥산올)의 비율과 고분자의 농도 조절을 통해 입자크기와 기공크기를 제어할 수 있었으며, <TEX>$TiO_2$</TEX> 나노입자를 제조된 시료의 전체 무게 대비 74.6 wt%까지 함침 시킬 수 있었다. SEM 이미지 분석을 통하여 복합분체의 다공성 구조를 확인하였고, 절단면 이미지를 통하여 내부에 <TEX>$TiO_2$</TEX> 나노입자가 균일하게 함침 되어 있는 것을 관찰하였다. EDX 매핑으로 Ti 원소가 복합분체의 내부에 전체적으로 분포하고 있음을 확인하였다. Porosimetry 분석으로 기공사이즈 및 공극률을 측정하였으며, <TEX>$TiO_2$</TEX> 나노입자를 함침하고 있음에도 불구하고 50% 이상의 공극률을 유지하여 흡유량이 매우 뛰어남을 확인할 수 있었다. 결론적으로, <TEX>$TiO_2$</TEX> 나노입자가 PMMA입자의 내부에 잘 분산되어 있어서 가시광선의 반사율을 증가시킴으로써 피부의 결점을 커버하는 성능이 개선되었음을 확인하였다. Highly porous polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) microspheres impregnated by <TEX>$TiO_2$</TEX> powder were prepared by spray drying method. The particle size and the porosity were controlled by optimizing the co-solvent ratio and the polymer concentration. <TEX>$TiO_2$</TEX> powder was impregnated into the microspheres upto 74.6 wt% content based on the weight of the resultant <TEX>$PMMA/TiO_2$</TEX> microspheres. SEM images showed that <TEX>$TiO_2$</TEX> powder was well distributed throughout the inside of the microsphere. EDX mapping showed that the Ti signal was well detected from every part of the microspheres, which was the evidence of the formation of the <TEX>$PMMA/TiO_2$</TEX> composite. Hg porosimetry result showed that the porosity was found to be over 50% regardless of the <TEX>$TiO_2$</TEX> contents. The final product was found to have high oil-absorbing capacity and great hiding power, both of which are key properties in designing the microsphere materials for make-up cosmetics application.
Effects of a mono-disperse bubble population on the cumulative phase delay between second harmonic and fundamental component (2017)

A positive cumulative phase delay (CPD) between the second-harmonic and fundamental component of ultrasound waves is a marker specific to ultrasound contrast agents. Dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound images generated by using this marker have already been reported in the literature. However, only results obtained with a poly-disperse contrast agent (SonoVue®) have been presented. In this study, we compared CPD values obtained with standard SonoVue® and with a mono-disperse contrast agent (MDCA); the latter consisted of 4-μm microbubbles produced with a MicroSphere Creator®. The same as with SonoVue®, MDCA microbubbles were made of SF6 gas encapsulated in a monolayer phospholipid shell. An ULA-OP research platform equipped with an LA332 linear-array probe was employed to image a dedicated gelatin flow-phantom. Different frequencies (1.5 to 3.5 MHz) with a mechanical index of 0.7 were used. Images were reconstructed in a tomographic fashion, and the contrast to tissue ratio (CTR) evaluated. When imaging at 1.8 MHz (close to the resonance frequency of a 4 μm microbubble), results show significantly stronger CPD values for the mono-disperse microbubbles, resulting in an overall CTR improvement by 5 dB. In conclusion, mono-disperse UCAs can be used to improve imaging performance of cumulative phase delay imaging.
Coalescence overgrowth of GaN nanocolumns on sapphire with patterned metal organic vapor phase epitaxy (2009)

High-quality coalescence overgrowth of patterned-grown GaN nanocolumns on c-plane sapphire substrate with metal organic chemical vapor deposition is demonstrated. Although domain structures of a tens of micron scale in the overgrown layer can be identified with cathodoluminescence measurement, from atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurement, the surface roughness of the overgrown layer in an area of 5×5 μm2 is as small as 0.411 nm, which is only one-half that of the high-quality GaN thin-film template directly grown on sapphire substrate (the control sample). Based on the AFM and depth-dependent x-ray diffraction measurements near the surface of the overgrown layer, the dislocation density is reduced to the order of 107 cm−2, which is one order of magnitude lower than that of the control sample and two to three orders of magnitude lower than those of ordinary GaN templates for fabricating light-emitting diodes. Also, the lateral domain size, reaching a level of ∼2.7 μm, becomes three times larger than the control sample. Meanwhile, the ratio of photoluminescence intensity at room temperature over that at low temperature of the overgrown sample is at least six times higher than that of the control sample. Although the strain in nanocolumns is almost completely released, a stress of ∼0.66 GPa is rebuilt when the coalescence overgrowth is implemented.
Figure S2 from Identification of Recurrent <i>FGFR3–TACC3</i> Fusion Oncogenes from Lung Adenocarcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure S2. Haematoxylin and eosin staining of two patient samples with adenocarcinoma histology: A. CG-42. B. J2-109.&lt;/p&gt;
The picturephone is here. Really (2011)

This paper discusses about video telephony. So equipment manufacturers turned to the corporate world, introducing pricey videoconferencing systems designed to replace on-site meetings and reduce travel costs. While many companies invested in the technology in the 1990s, it typically gathered dust, unused. It looked as though people didn't want it anywhere.
Preface: Materials, metrology, and modeling for a future beyond CMOS technology (2018)

First Page
Cherenkov imaging to quantify radiation dose in human tissue (Conference Presentation) (2020)

Irradiation of tissue causes delivery of dose to the volume, which causes widespread damage, the most important being production of radical oxygen species and the associated DNA damage. Part of the dose deposition is from soft electron collisions, which result in Cherenkov light emission from the relativistic dielectric interaction. This visible light emission is produced at the level of hundreds of photons per x-ray photon, and is significant enough to be detected with single photon imaging cameras. Radiation dosimetry with these cameras is now possible, providing a non-contact way to detect radiation dose deposition in cancer therapy. The demonstration of this imaging methodology and the theoretical underpinnings will be illustrated.
Order of Magnitude Signal Gain in Magnetic Sector Mass Spectrometry Via Aperture Coding (2015)

Miniaturizing instruments for spectroscopic applications requires the designer to confront a tradeoff between instrument resolution and instrument throughput [and associated signal-to-background-ratio (SBR)]. This work demonstrates a solution to this tradeoff in sector mass spectrometry by the first application of one-dimensional (1D) spatially coded apertures, similar to those previously demonstrated in optics. This was accomplished by replacing the input slit of a simple 90° magnetic sector mass spectrometer with a specifically designed coded aperture, deriving the corresponding forward mathematical model and spectral reconstruction algorithm, and then utilizing the resulting system to measure and reconstruct the mass spectra of argon, acetone, and ethanol. We expect the application of coded apertures to sector instrument designs will lead to miniature mass spectrometers that maintain the high performance of larger instruments, enabling field detection of trace chemicals and point-of-use mass spectrometry.
Synthesis and characterization of two-dimensional Nb4C3 (MXene) (2014)

We report on the synthesis of a phase-pure, 2-dimensional transition metal carbide Nb4C3, produced by immersing Nb4AlC3 powders in hydrofluoric acid. The structure of this, only second MXene with formula M4X3, was investigated with pair distribution function analysis. The resistivity of a cold-pressed disc was 0.0046 Ω m, rendering this MXene one of the most conductive to date.
Biexciton Quantum Yield of Single Semiconductor Nanocrystals from Photon Statistics (2011)

Biexciton properties strongly affect the usability of a light emitter in quantum photon sources and lasers but are difficult to measure for single fluorophores at room temperature due to luminescence intermittency and bleaching at the high excitation fluences usually required. Here, we observe the biexciton (BX) to exciton (X) to ground photoluminescence cascade of single colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) under weak excitation in a g((2)) photon correlation measurement and show that the normalized amplitude of the cascade feature is equal to the ratio of the BX to X fluorescence quantum yields. This imposes a limit on the attainable depth of photon antibunching and provides a robust means to study single emitter biexciton physics. In NC samples, we show that the BX quantum yield is considerably inhomogeneous, consistent with the defect sensitivity expected of the Auger nonradiative recombination mechanism. The method can be extended to study X,BX spectral and polarization correlations.
Oxytocin and bone (2014)

One of the most meaningful results recently achieved in bone research has been to reveal that the pituitary hormones have profound effect on bone, so that the pituitary-bone axis has become one of the major topics in skeletal physiology. Here, we discuss the relevant evidence about the posterior pituitary hormone oxytocin (OT), previously thought to exclusively regulate parturition and breastfeeding, which has recently been established to directly regulate bone mass. Both osteoblasts and osteoclasts express OT receptors (OTR), whose stimulation enhances bone mass. Consistent with this, mice deficient in OT or OTR display profoundly impaired bone formation. In contrast, bone resorption remains unaffected in OT deficiency because, even while OT stimulates the genesis of osteoclasts, it inhibits their resorptive function. Furthermore, in addition to its origin from the pituitary, OT is also produced by bone marrow osteoblasts acting as paracrine-autocrine regulator of bone formation modulated by estrogens. In turn, the power of estrogen to increase bone mass is OTR-dependent. Therefore, OTR(-/-) mice injected with 17β-estradiol do not show any effects on bone formation parameters, while the same treatment increases bone mass in wild-type mice. These findings together provide evidence for an anabolic action of OT in regulating bone mass and suggest that bone marrow OT may enhance the bone-forming action of estrogen through an autocrine circuit. This established new physiological role for OT in the maintenance of skeletal integrity further suggests the potential use of this hormone for the treatment of osteoporosis.
Ultrasound for Endotracheal Tube Tip Position in Term and Preterm Infants (2021)

ETT-echo seems to be a rapid, tolerable, and highly reliable method worth further investigating for future routine use in neonatology with a view to reducing radiation exposure.
Uniformity of Particle Removal by Aerosol Spray (2012)

In this work the dynamics of particle removal by aerosol spray is investigated. Local dwell time of spray cleaning is calculated numerically from the process conditions, and some striking topological similarities between the particle removal efficiency and dwell time profiles are observed. The particle removal rates, defined as the normalized speed of particle removal, are not constant during a typical process, with the highest removal rate for the first tens of milliseconds and a temporal decay as time elapses. Increasing N 2 flow rate results in an enhancement in both the particle removal efficiency and the particle removal rate.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Suppression of MicroRNA-9 by Mutant EGFR Signaling Upregulates FOXP1 to Enhance Glioblastoma Tumorigenicity (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 30KB, Exogenous growth factors do not modulate miR-9 expression.&lt;/p&gt;
In Vivo Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging of Apoptosis Using Histone H1-Targeting Peptide Probe after Anti-Cancer Treatment with Cisplatin and Cetuximab for Early Decision on Tumor Response (2014)

Early decision on tumor response after anti-cancer treatment is still an unmet medical need. Here we investigated whether in vivo imaging of apoptosis using linear and cyclic (disulfide-bonded) form of ApoPep-1, a peptide that recognizes histone H1 exposed on apoptotic cells, at an early stage after treatment could predict tumor response to the treatment later. Treatment of stomach tumor cells with cistplatin or cetuximab alone induced apoptosis, while combination of cisplatin plus cetuximab more efficiently induced apoptosis, as detected by binding with linear and cyclic form of ApoPep-1. However, the differences between the single agent and combination treatment were more remarkable as detected with the cyclic form compared to the linear form. In tumor-bearing mice, apoptosis imaging was performed 1 week and 2 weeks after the initiation of treatment, while tumor volumes and weights were measured 3 weeks after the treatment. In vivo fluorescence imaging signals obtained by the uptake of ApoPep-1 to tumor was most remarkable in the group injected with cyclic form of ApoPep-1 at 1 week after combined treatment with cisplatin plus cetuximab. Correlation analysis revealed that imaging signals by cyclic ApoPep-1 at 1 week after treatment with cisplatin plus cetuximab in combination were most closely related with tumor volume changes (r2 = 0.934). These results demonstrate that in vivo apoptosis imaging using Apopep-1, especially cyclic ApoPep-1, is a sensitive and predictive tool for early decision on stomach tumor response after anti-cancer treatment.
Can Science Help Resolve the Controversy on the Origins of the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic? (2021)

The origins of the calamitous SARS-CoV-2 pandemic are now the subject of vigorous discussion and debate between two competing hypotheses for how it entered the human population: (i) direct infection from a feral source, likely a bat and possibly with an intermediate mammalian host, and (ii) a lab accident whereby bat isolates infected a researcher, who then passed it to others. Here, we ask whether the tools of science can help resolve the origins question and conclude that while such studies can provide important information, these are unlikely to provide a definitive answer. Currently available data combined with historical precedent from other outbreaks and viewed through the prism of Occam's razor favor the feral source hypothesis, but science can provide only probabilities, not certainty.
Reactive stroma and trastuzumab resistance in HER2‐positive early breast cancer (2020)

We investigated the value of reactive stroma as a predictor for trastuzumab resistance in patients with early HER2-positive breast cancer receiving adjuvant therapy. The pathological reactive stroma and the mRNA gene signatures that reflect reactive stroma in 209 HER2-positive breast cancer samples from the FinHer adjuvant trial were evaluated. Levels of stromal gene signatures were determined as a continuous parameter, and pathological reactive stromal findings were defined as stromal predominant breast cancer (SPBC; ≥50% stromal) and correlated with distant disease-free survival. Gene signatures associated with reactive stroma in HER2-positive early breast cancer (N = 209) were significantly associated with trastuzumab resistance in estrogen receptor (ER)-negative tumors (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.27 p interaction = 0.014 [DCN], HR = 1.58, p interaction = 0.027 [PLAU], HR = 1.71, p interaction = 0.019 [HER2STROMA, novel HER2 stromal signature]), but not in ER-positive tumors (HR = 0.73 p interaction = 0.47 [DCN], HR = 0.71, p interaction = 0.73 [PLAU], HR = 0.84; p interaction = 0.36 [HER2STROMA]). Pathological evaluation of HER2-positive/ER-negative tumors suggested an association between SPBC and trastuzumab resistance. Reactive stroma did not correlate with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), and the expected benefit from trastuzumab in patients with high levels of TILs was pronounced only in tumors with low stromal reactivity (SPBC <50%). In conclusion, reactive stroma in HER2-positive/ER-negative early breast cancer tumors may predict resistance to adjuvant trastuzumab therapy.
Emerging Trends in Breastfeeding Practices in Singaporean Chinese Women: Findings from a Population-based Study (2010)

In a population-based sample of Singaporean Chinese mothers giving birth from 2000 to 2008, breastfeeding initiation and duration increased over time and were independently associated with higher maternal education. This increase was associated with increased milk expression and complementary feeding. Thus awareness of breastfeeding benefits is rising in Singapore, but future health policies may need to target less-educated mothers.
Supplementary Methods on Data Analysis from MDM2 and MDM4 Are Therapeutic Vulnerabilities in Malignant Rhabdoid Tumors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Expanded methodological detail on large-scale data analysis (RNAi, CRISPR-Cas9, p53 status annotations, RNA-seq, and primary tumor expression).&lt;/p&gt;
Resolution Limits of Sparse Coding in High Dimensions (2008)

This paper addresses the problem of sparsity pattern detection for unknown k-sparse n-dimensional signals observed through m noisy, random linear measurements. Sparsity pattern recovery arises in a number of settings including statistical model selection, pattern detection, and image acquisition. The main results in this paper are necessary and sufficient conditions for asymptotically-reliable sparsity pattern recovery in terms of the dimensions m, n and k as well as the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the minimum-to-average ratio (MAR) of the nonzero entries of the signal. We show that m > 2k log(n - k)/(SNR · MAR) is necessary for any algorithm to succeed, regardless of complexity; this matches a previous sufficient condition for maximum likelihood estimation within a constant factor under certain scalings of k, SNR and MAR with n. We also show a sufficient condition for a computationally-trivial thresholding algorithm that is larger than the previous expression by only a factor of 4(1 + SNR) and larger than the requirement for lasso by only a factor of 4/MAR. This provides insight on the precise value and limitations of convex programming-based algorithms.
Preservation of Tilapia (Oreochromis aureus) Fillet by Isochoric (Constant Volume) Freezing (2020)

The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of isochoric freezing on the quality of tilapia fillet. Isochoric freezing was compared to chilling, super-chilling, and freezing. Isochoric freezing showed muscle color alterations similar to the other preservation methods. All preservation methods resulted in softer fillets, with the isochoric frozen fillet having the most similar texture to that of the fresh sample. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) for isochoric samples were similar to those of fresh samples. However, there was a 53%, 55%, and 34% increase in TBARS for chilled, super-chilled, and frozen samples, respectively. Total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) content was 1.4 times higher for isochoric samples than for fresh samples. For chilled, super-chilled, and frozen samples, TVB-N content was 3.0, 1.9, and 1.3, respectively, times higher than for fresh samples. Microstructural analysis indicated that isochoric samples showed less cell damage compared to those using other methods. Subfreezing temperatures in conjunction with no ice formation during isochoric freezing contributed to improved quality of tilapia fillet. This study may find application in the commercial preservation of fish to increase shelf life and allow for expanded distribution of raw fish. This study might also be a potential solution to “food desert” areas, where residents have low access to fresh healthy foods.
Motif CXCC in nitrile hydratase activator is critical for NHase biogenesis in vivo (2003)

Nitrile hydratase (NHase) activator from Rhodococcus sp. N-771 is required for NHase functional expression. The motif 73CXCC76 in the NHase activator sequence was here revealed to be vital for its function by site-directed mutagenesis. All three substitutions of the cysteines by serines resulted in a much lower level of expression of active NHase. Furthermore, interaction between NHase activator and NHase was detected and the critical role of NHase activator was not exhibited in the cysteine oxidization process of NHase. These findings suggest NHase activator mainly participates in iron trafficking in NHase biogenesis as an iron type metallochaperone.
Demonstration of Turbulence Resilient Self-Coherent Free-Space Optical Communications Using a Pilot Tone and an Array of Smaller Photodiodes for Bandwidth Enhancement (2022)

We demonstrate a 4-Gbit/s 16-QAM turbulence-resilient self-coherent free-space optical link using a pilot tone. An array of smaller photodiodes is used to potentially increase the overall bandwidth under turbulence (D/r 0 = ~8.4).
α-Synuclein–induced lysosomal dysfunction occurs through disruptions in protein trafficking in human midbrain synucleinopathy models (2016)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of protein aggregates comprised of α-synuclein (α-syn). A major barrier in treatment discovery for PD is the lack of identifiable therapeutic pathways capable of reducing aggregates in human neuronal model systems. Mutations in key components of protein trafficking and cellular degradation machinery represent important risk factors for PD; however, their precise role in disease progression and interaction with α-syn remains unclear. Here, we find that α-syn accumulation reduced lysosomal degradation capacity in human midbrain dopamine models of synucleinopathies through disrupting hydrolase trafficking. Accumulation of α-syn at the cell body resulted in aberrant association with cis-Golgi-tethering factor GM130 and disrupted the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi localization of rab1a, a key mediator of vesicular transport. Overexpression of rab1a restored Golgi structure, improved hydrolase trafficking and activity, and reduced pathological α-syn in patient neurons. Our work suggests that enhancement of lysosomal hydrolase trafficking may prove beneficial in synucleinopathies and indicates that human midbrain disease models may be useful for identifying critical therapeutic pathways in PD and related disorders.
Effects of Modified Solution Heat Treatment on δ- Phase and Low Cycle Fatigue Properties of Inconel 718 Alloy (2006)

Effects of solution treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties in wrought Alloy 718 were investigated. For the improvement of tensile and fatigue properties of wrought Alloy 718, a modified solution heat treatment(MSHT), heating at 1000 for 3 minutes followed by furnace cooling at the rate of 3/minute and holding at 985 for 8 minutes, was proposed. This treatment was performed repeatedly 3 times and the samples were subject to the standard aging treatment. For the purpose of comparison, a standard heat treatment(SHT) was also performed. The microstructures of modified solution heat treated specimens showed that small spherical shaped δ- phases were precipitated without grain growth, and the amount of δ-phases was smaller than that of standard heat treated specimens. However, the δ-phases of the standard heat-treated specimen showed needle-like morphologies. Tensile and low cycle fatigue tests were performed on both modified heat-treated and standard heat-treated specimens at room temperature, 350 and 650. Low cycle fatigue tests on the modified heat treated specimens showed promising results without reduction of strength. However, the tensile properties of modified solution treated specimens was almost the same as those of standard heat treated materials both at room temperature and 650.