gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Object-oriented development of software systems for power system simulations (1997)

The software systems developed for power system simulations have evolved into such complicated systems that the applied design practices appear inadequate to support further enhancement and maintenance. The major obstacles stem directly or indirectly from the conventional function-oriented software development methodologies. To overcome the drawbacks of these methodologies, this paper proposes applying an object-oriented technology for power system software development. As an illustration of this approach, the object modeling technique (OMT), an object-oriented software development methodology, is used to develop a distribution network analysis system. With this technique, a generic distribution circuit object model (DCOM) is designed based on the real-world concepts and implemented with object-oriented programming techniques. The developed DCOM is capable of supporting a wide range of distribution applications and allowing modification and maintenance over a long period of time. The performed case study has demonstrated that object-oriented technology, when applied to each stage of software development, can help achieve complicated tasks in power system simulations.
Effects of barrier composition and electroplating chemistry on adhesion and voiding in copper/dielectric diffusion barrier films (2011)

The effects of electroplating chemistry and dielectric diffusion barrier composition on copper voiding and barrier adhesion are reported. Adhesion was quantified using the four-point bend thin film adhesion technique, and voiding in the Cu films was quantified using scanning electron microscopy. A total of 12 different film stacks were investigated, including three different Cu electroplating chemistries and four different barrier materials (SiN, N-doped SiC, O-doped SiC, and dual-layer SiC). Both plating chemistry and barrier composition have a large effect on interface adhesion and voiding in the Cu film. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to investigate the segregation of Cu electroplating impurities, such as S and Cl, to the Cu/barrier interface. Secondary ion mass spectrometry was used to quantify oxygen content at the Cu/barrier interface in a subset of samples. This interface oxygen content is correlated with measured adhesion values.
Direct-Write of Nanoscale Domains with Tunable Metamagnetic Order in FeRh Thin Films (2020)

We have directly written nanoscale patterns of magnetic ordering in FeRh films using focused helium-ion beam irradiation. By varying the dose, we pattern arrays with metamagnetic transition temperatures that range from the as-grown film temperature to below room temperature. We employ transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and temperature-dependent transport measurements to characterize the as-grown film, and magneto-optic Kerr effect imaging to quantify the He<sup>+</sup> irradiation-induced changes to the magnetic order. Moreover, we demonstrate temperature-dependent optical microscopy and conductive atomic force microscopy as indirect probes of the metamagnetic transition that are sensitive to the differences in dielectric properties and electrical conductivity, respectively, of FeRh in the antiferromagnetic (AF) and ferromagnetic (FM) states. Using density functional theory, we quantify strain- and defect-induced changes in spin-flip energy to understand their influence on the metamagnetic transition temperature. This work holds promise for in-plane AF-FM spintronic devices, by reducing the need for multiple patterning steps or different materials, and potentially eliminating interfacial polarization losses due to cross material interfacial spin scattering.
Induction of the 47 kDa platelet substrate of protein kinase C during differentiation of HL-60 cells (1987)

Immunoblot analysis showed that the 47 kDa platelet substrate of protein kinase C (P47) was expressed at low levels in undifferentiated HL-60 leukaemia cells. Treatment of these cells with dimethyl sulphoxide, 1 alpha,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol or retinoic acid caused progressive increases in P47 content. Retinoic acid (1 microM) elicited the largest response, a 4-fold increase in P47 protein after 7 days that was accompanied by an increase in translatable P47 mRNA. The induction of P47 by retinoic acid preceded cessation of cell proliferation and development of the capacity to reduce Nitro Blue Tetrazolium, indicating that its expression is an early event in the myeloid differentiation of HL-60 cells.
Expansion of hematopoietic stem cells in the developing liver of a mouse embryo (2000)

The activity of hematopoietic stem cells in the developing liver of a C57BL/6 mouse embryo was quantified by a competitive repopulation assay. Different doses of fetal liver cells at days 11 to 18 of gestation were transplanted into irradiated mice together with 2 × 105 adult bone marrow cells. A long-term repopulation in myeloid-, B-cell, and T-cell lineage by fetal liver cells was evaluated at 20 weeks after transplantation. At day 12 of gestation multilineage repopulating activity was first detected in the liver as 50 repopulating units (RU) per liver. The number of RU per liver increased 10-fold and 33-fold by day 14 and day 16 of gestation, and decreased thereafter, suggesting a single wave of stem cell development in the fetal liver. A limiting dilution analysis revealed that the frequency of competitive repopulating units (CRU) in fetal liver cells at day 12 of gestation was similar to that at day 16 of gestation. Because of an increase of total fetal liver cell number, the absolute number of CRU per liver from days 12 to 16 of gestation increased 38-fold. Hence, the mean activity of stem cells (MAS) that is given by RU per CRU remained constant from days 12 to 16 of gestation. From these data we conclude that hematopoietic stem cells expand in the fetal liver maintaining their level of repopulating potential.
IPDPS 2011 Tuesday 25th Year Panel - Looking back (2011)

Summary form only given, as follows. The 25th year of IPDPS gives us the opportunity to look back and (to attempt) to assess what has gone wrong, what has gone well, and what came as a surprise, in the field of parallel and distributed processing. The panel members will give a few examples of striking events that took place in their area (covering Algorithms/ Applications/ Architectures/ Software). They will also give a short statement on how they would summarize the evolution of the field as a whole over the last 25 years.
Racial Differences in the Prevalence of Diabetes but Not Diabetic Retinopathy in a Multi-ethnic Asian Population (2011)

There was a significant difference in the prevalence of diabetes between Chinese, Malays, and Indians. The main risk factors of DR, similar among the three ethnic groups, are longer diabetes duration, higher hbA1c, and higher creatinine levels. No significant racial differences were found in the prevalence of DR among persons with diabetes.
In vivo optical endomicroscopy: two decades of translational research towards next generation diagnosis of eosinophilic esophagitis (2021)

Abstract Histopathologic analysis of biopsy specimens obtained via white light endoscopy (WLE) is the gold standard for the diagnosis of several mucosal diseases in the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract. However, this standard of care entails a series of critical shortcomings such as missing depth information, high costs, time inefficiency, low-resolution imaging in vivo , high sampling variability, missing intrinsic tissue-specific contrast, and anesthesia related risk. In the quest for a diagnostic technology to replace the current standard of care, in vivo optical endomicroscopy has emerged as a promising alternative. This paper tells the story of a cluster of optical microscopy-based modalities invented, further developed, or first-validated in the laboratory of Dr. Guillermo J. Tearney (Tearney Lab) at the Wellman Center for Photomedicine of Massachusetts General Hospital over the past two decades, that combined lead to a novel method for diagnosis of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). Rather than being a comprehensive literature review, this paper aims to describe the translational journey towards a disease specific diagnostic and research tool for this increasingly recognized yet poorly understood immune-mediated disorder of the esophagus.
Formalizing organizational constraints: a semantic approach (2010)

An organizational modeling language can be used to specify an agent organization in terms of its roles, organizational structure, norms, etc. Such an organizational specification imposes constraints on agents that play roles in it, and the agents are expected to take this into account when deciding what to do. This means that agents need to have a basic understanding of what it means to comply with organizational constraints. For this, it is essential that these constraints are precisely specified. In this paper, we address this in the context of the MOISE+ organizational modeling language. We define a semantic framework for MOISE+ MAS and an accompanying linear temporal logic (LTL) to express its properties. We analyze which constraints MOISE+ imposes on agents, and investigate how these can be made precise in LTL. We show that multiple interpretations of constraints are sometimes possible, and explore the space of possibilities. These analyses demonstrate the need for a rigorous specification of organizational constraints, and provide the foundations for the development of agents that understand how to function in a MOISE+ MAS.
Cloud calculus: Security verification in elastic cloud computing platform (2012)

Cloud orchestration involves cloud resources scaling up and down, management, as well as manipulation to better respond user's requests and to facilitate operational objectives of the service providers. These promote the elastic nature of cloud platform but force upon significant challenges to cloud service providers. Particularly, security issues such as inconsistency may arise while dynamic changes such as virtual machine migration occur. In this paper, we propose a formal framework for the specification of virtual machines migration and security policies updates. This framework enables us to verify that the global security policy after the migration is consistently preserved with respect to the initial one. To this end, we define a new calculus, namely cloud calculus that can be used to specify the topology of a cloud computing system and firewall security rules. It also enables specifying the virtual machines migration along with their security policies. The semantics of our calculus is based on structural congruence and a reduction relation. In order to verify the global security policy within the new configuration, we define a testing equivalence over cloud terms. Finally, we provide an illustrative case study to demonstrate the applicability of our approach.
<title>Mueller matrix polarimetry of electro-optic PLZT spatial light modulators</title> (1996)

Mueller matrix polarimetry has been used to determine operational efficiency and material quality in lead- lanthanum-zirconium-titanate (PLZT) electro-optic modulators. PLZT is a transparent, quadratic electro-optic ceramic which is a candidate for the next generation of electro-optic interconnects and modulating devices. The Polarimetry group at the University of Alabama in Huntsville has measured Mueller matrices for several sample devices. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the optical quality of the transmissive PLZT devices, determine the uniformity of the modulation across the active area, and calculate the quadratic electro-optic coefficients. High- resolution imaging polarimetry has demonstrated the uniformity of the polarizing and polarization-scrambling properties of a bulk PLZT spatial light modulator array. The Mueller Matrix Imaging Polarimeter was used to produce magnified maps of device regions; this data provides insight to the material uniformity, proper contact of drive electrodes, distribution of the applied electric fields, and quality of the surface. Light scattering from ceramic grain boundaries was also observed to result in some depolarization of light exiting the device. A single-channel Mueller matrix polarimeter measured spatially-averaged device performance for a range of applied operating voltages. This information easily determined the electro- optic coefficients for the modulating material. Several chemical vapor deposited thin-film PLZT devices were studied, and the quadratic electro-optic coefficients compared favorably to that for bulk PLZT.
Achieving affective human–virtual agent communication by enabling virtual agents to imitate positive expressions (2020)

Affective communication, communicating with emotion, during face-to-face communication is critical for social interaction. Advances in artificial intelligence have made it essential to develop affective human-virtual agent communication. A person's belief during human-virtual agent interaction that the agent is a computer program affects social-cognitive processes. Whether this belief interferes with affective communication is an open question. We hypothesized that the imitation of a positive emotional expression by a virtual agent induces a positive emotion, regardless of the belief. To test this hypothesis, we conducted an fMRI study with 39 healthy volunteers, who were made to believe that a virtual agent was either a person or a computer. They were instructed to smile, and immediately afterwards, the virtual agent displayed a positive, negative, or neutral expression. The participants reported a positive emotion only when their smile was imitated by the agent's positive expression regardless of their belief. This imitation activated the participants' medial prefrontal cortex and precuneus, which are involved in anthropomorphism and contingency, respectively. These results suggest that a positive congruent response by a virtual agent can overcome the effect of believing that the agent is a computer program and thus contribute to achieving affective human-virtual agent communication.
Liquid RF MEMS Wideband Reflective and Absorptive Switches (2007)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <?Pub Dtl=""?>This paper reports on the design, fabrication, and characterization of a new class of wideband liquid RF microelectromechanical-system reflective and absorptive switches. A number of different liquids are considered, including mercury, Galinstan, and ultrapure and ionic water. We first briefly review the performance of liquid–metal switches made by mercury and Galinstan. Such switches demonstrate excellent off-state insertion loss of less than 1.3 dB up to 100 GHz (the loss includes a 1500-<formula formulatype="inline"> <tex>$\mu{\hbox {m}}$</tex></formula>-long line) and on-state isolation of better than 20 dB from 20 to 100 GHz. The main part of this paper, however, focuses on significantly transforming these designs to actually absorb and not reflect the incident power in their on-state, while at the same time maintaining their excellent off-state performance. Absorptive behavior is particularly important for high-power applications. Simpler materials such as water are proven to be very effective for wideband absorptive switches. In particular, three classes of water-based absorptive switches are discussed depending on the level of the signal coupling to water. At 10–40 GHz, the optimal design exhibits off-state insertion loss of less than 1.3 dB, on- and off-state return loss of less than 10 dB, and on-state isolation of 27.5-dB isolation at 40 GHz. </para>
Neph-Nephrin Proteins Bind the Par3-Par6-Atypical Protein Kinase C (aPKC) Complex to Regulate Podocyte Cell Polarity (2008)

The kidney filter represents a unique assembly of podocyte epithelial cells that tightly enwrap the glomerular capillaries with their foot processes and the interposed slit diaphragm. So far, very little is known about the guidance cues and polarity signals required to regulate proper development and maintenance of the glomerular filtration barrier. We now identify Par3, Par6, and atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) polarity proteins as novel Neph1-Nephrin-associated proteins. The interaction was mediated through the PDZ domain of Par3 and conserved carboxyl terminal residues in Neph1 and Nephrin. Par3, Par6, and aPKC localized to the slit diaphragm as shown in immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy. Consistent with a critical role for aPKC activity in podocytes, inhibition of glomerular aPKC activity with a pseudosubstrate inhibitor resulted in a loss of regular podocyte foot process architecture. These data provide an important link between cell recognition mediated through the Neph1-Nephrin complex and Par-dependent polarity signaling and suggest that this molecular interaction is essential for establishing the three-dimensional architecture of podocytes at the kidney filtration barrier.
Influence of Buffer Layer on Structural and Optical Properties of ZnO Nanorods on Glass Substrates (2008)

In this article, we report on the structural and optical properties of ZnO nanorods grown at a relatively low temperature on glass substrates with and without a ZnO buffer by metallorganic chemical vapor deposition for transparent optoelectronic application. The thickness of the buffer layer strongly influences the aspect ratio and alignment of the ZnO nanorods. The nanorod growth rate becomes fast when the optimized stress-free buffer thickness is used. Photoluminescence measurements show strong bandedge excitonic features. The visible and UV resonant Raman scattering measurements suggest that the structural and optical properties of the nanorods on amorphous substrates are improved.
Ethnic Variation in Early Age-Related Macular Degeneration Lesions Between White Australians and Singaporean Asians (2014)

Singaporean Asians had a milder spectrum of early AMD lesions and lesion characteristics (predominantly distinct soft drusen and noncentral location) compared to white Australians.
Quality assurance information and assessment in NAHRC Laboratory (SEBETA) and advanced veterinary microbiology in Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (Debre Zeit) (2003)

In the framework of the "Ethio-French project on quality and sanitary aspects of animal products in Ethiopia", a mid-term assessment of the implementation of quality assurance (QA) at the National Animal Health Research Centre (NAHRC) in Sebeta has been carried out from November 27-28, 2003. Advanced veterinary microbiology courses were also given at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Debre Zeit, from December 1-5, 2003; Some quality actions have been undertaken by the NAHRC staff. Others are still to be implemented. After reconsideration, the eleven priority tasks that were listed in July 2003, will have to be implemented by the end of September 2004. Four tasks have already been completed (quality policy statement, appointment of a quality manager and a metrology manager, quality information to NAHRC staff). The other actions will have to be reviewed in September 2004 by an independent person.
Purification and characterization of a heterogeneous glycosylated invertase from the rumen holotrich ciliate Isotricha prostoma (1989)

The invertase (beta-fructofuranosidase, EC 3.2.1.26) of the rumen holotrich ciliate Isotricha prostoma has been purified. This is the first report of an enzyme purification from a known species of rumen protozoon. Cells were disrupted by ultrasonic treatment and the enzyme was purified from the cell-free extract by three successive liquid column chromatographies (Sepharose CL4B/octyl-Sepharose CL4B, DE52 DEAE-cellulose and concanavalin A-Sepharose 4B). This resulted in a 160-fold purification and a 15% yield. The major form of the purified enzyme was a tetramer with Mr about 350,000 that was readily dissociated by electrophoresis. The invertase was heterogeneous, as five types of monomers were shown by SDS/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis after denaturation. Part of this heterogeneity was due to different glycosylated forms of one of the polypeptides present in the purified enzyme. Isotricha prostoma invertase exhibited maximum activity at pH 5.5-6.0 and 50 degrees C. The kinetic properties of the purified enzyme were very similar to those of invertases from other sources such as yeast or plants (substrate and product inhibition, transferase activity).
Role of Chromatography for Monitoring of Breast Cancer Biomarkers (2011)

An early detection of cancer may provide the best eradicable treatment, hence, detection methods play a crucial role in cancer treatment. This article describes the role of chromatography for the separation and identification of breast cancer biomarkers. Biomarkers provide an assessment of prognosis, monitoring the effectiveness of therapy and predicting cancer reoccurrence. The important biomarkers of breast cancer detected by chromatography are genetic (single nucleotide polymorphism), proteomics (prostate-specific antigen, estrogen receptor, Human Kallikrein 14, progesterone receptor, Galectin-3-binding protein, alpha-1- Antichymotrypsin, Elafin, CA15.3, CEA, CA27.29, Her-2/neu, AAG, GCDFP-15 and GCDFP-24 etc.), metabolites (glucose, cholesterol, carbohydrate antigen 15-3, etc.) and breathing agents (2-propanol, 2, 3-dihydro-1- phenyl-4(1H)-quinazolinone,1-phenyl-ethanone, heptanal, isopropyl myristate etc.). In view of these points, attempts have been made to discuss the state-of-art of chromatography for biomarkers detection in breast cancer patients. Some modern chromatographic techniques such as nano-HPLC, LC-MS and DPHPLC have been discussed. Besides, efforts have been made to discuss sensitivity, specificity and protein profiles of these biomarkers. The future perspectives of chromatography for cancer treatment and important patents have also been discussed. Keywords: Breast cancer, biomarkers, chromatography, identification of breast cancer by biomarkers, nucleotide polymorphism, proteomics p, prostate-specific antigen, estrogen receptor, Human Kallikrein 14, progesterone receptor, Galectin-3-binding protein, alpha-1-Antichymotrypsin, Elafin, CA15.3, CEA, CA27.29, Her-2/neu, AAG, GCDFP-15, GCDFP-24, metabolites, nano-HPLC, LC-MS, DPHPLC, mammography, ultrasound, MRI, CT scan, PET scan, invasive technique, biopsies, immunohistochemistry, IHC, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA, two dimensional gel, fluorescence, FISH, polymerase chain reaction, PCR, real-time poly-merase chain, RT-PCR, matrix-associated laser, MALDI-TOF-MS, SELDI-TOF-MS, liquid chromatography, nipple aspirated fluid, Gas Chromatography
Wald- und Holzbodenfläche unverändert (2019)

Vorgestellt werden Ergebnisse zur Wald- und Holzbodenfl ache. Die Waldfl ache Deutschlands ist mit 11,4 Mio. Hektar in den letzten Jahren konstant geblieben. Aufforstungen und Entwaldungen gleichen sich aus.
Nonlinear dissipation in diamond nanoelectromechanical resonators (2013)

Dissipation of energy in micro- and nano-electromechanical resonators governs their dynamical response and limits their potential use in device applications. Quantified by the quality factor Q, dissipation (Q−1) usually occurs by energy loss mechanisms that are linear, appearing as a damping term proportional to the velocity. Mechanisms of linear dissipation in micro- and nano-mechanical resonators are well studied both theoretically and experimentally. Mechanisms of nonlinear dissipation of energy, however, are rarely studied, though their effects could be fundamentally important to the operation of numerous devices based on nonlinear resonators such as switches, signal processers, sensors, and energy harvesting systems. Here, we report experimental observation of nonlinear dissipation in diamond nanoelectromechanical resonators.