gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
D2D assisted beamforming for coded caching (2020)

Device-to-device (D2D) aided beamforming for coded caching is considered in a finite signal-to-noise ratio regime. A novel beamforming and resource allocation scheme is proposed where the local cache content exchange among nearby users is exploited. The transmission is split into two phases: local D2D content exchange and downlink transmission. In the D2D phase, users can autonomously share content with the adjacent users. The downlink phase utilizes multicast beamforming to simultaneously serve all users to fulfill the remaining content requests. A low complexity D2D-multicast mode selection algorithm is proposed with comparable performance to the optimal exhaustive search. We first explain the main procedure via one simple example and then present the general formulation. Furthermore, D2D transmission scenarios and conditions useful for minimizing the overall delivery time are identified. By exploiting the direct D2D exchange of file fragments, the common multicasting rate for delivering the remaining file fragments in the downlink phase is increased, providing greatly enhanced overall content delivery performance.
On the physics of frequency-domain controlled source electromagnetics in shallow water. 1: isotropic conductivity (2016)

In recent years, marine controlled source electromagnetics (CSEM) has found increasing use in hydrocarbon exploration due to its ability to detect thin resistive zones beneath the seafloor. It is the purpose of this paper to evaluate the physics of CSEM for an ocean whose electrical thickness is comparable to or much thinner than that of the overburden using the in-line configuration through examination of the elliptically polarized seafloor electric field, the time-averaged energy flow depicted by the real part of the complex Poynting vector, energy dissipation through Joule heating and the Fréchet derivatives of the seafloor field with respect to the subseafloor conductivity that is assumed to be isotropic. The deep water (ocean layer electrically much thicker than the overburden) seafloor EM response for a model containing a resistive reservoir layer has a greater amplitude and reduced phase as a function of offset compared to that for a half-space, or a stronger and faster response. For an ocean whose electrical thickness is comparable to or much smaller than that of the overburden, the electric field displays a greater amplitude and reduced phase at small offsets, shifting to a stronger amplitude and increased phase at intermediate offsets and a weaker amplitude and enhanced phase at long offsets, or a stronger and faster response that first changes to stronger and slower, and then transitions to weaker and slower. These transitions can be understood by visualizing the energy flow throughout the structure caused by the competing influences of the dipole source and guided energy flow in the reservoir layer, and the air interaction caused by coupling of the entire subseafloor resistivity structure with the sea surface. A stronger and faster response occurs when guided energy flow is dominant, while a weaker and slower response occurs when the air interaction is dominant. However, at intermediate offsets for some models, the air interaction can partially or fully reverse the direction of energy flux in the reservoir layer toward rather than away from the source, resulting in a stronger and slower response. The Fréchet derivatives are dominated by preferential sensitivity to the reservoir layer conductivity for all water depths except at high frequencies, but also display a shift with offset from the galvanic to the inductive mode in the underburden and overburden due to the interplay of guided energy flow and the air interaction. This means that the sensitivity to the horizontal conductivity is almost as strong as to the vertical component in the shallow parts of the subsurface, and in fact is stronger than the vertical sensitivity deeper down. However, the sensitivity to horizontal conductivity is still weak compared to the vertical component within thin resistive regions. The horizontal sensitivity is gradually decreased when the water becomes deep. These observations in part explain the success of shallow towed CSEM using only measurements of the in-line component of the electric field.
TU-AB-BRA-07: Radiomics of Breast Cancer: A Robustness Study (2015)

Purpose: Computer-extracted image phenotypes (CEIPs) are being investigated as complimentary attributes in the characterization of breast cancer in radiomics/ radiogenomics research. To be useful, CIEPs need to be robust across data obtained with different manufacturers’ MRI scanners and imaging protocols. Methods: Our research involved two HIPAA-compliant retrospectively-collected MRI datasets: Database 1 included 91 imaged breast cancers from the National Cancer Institute repository (imaged using General Electric equipment) and Database 2 included 117 breast cancers (imaged at our site using Phillips equipment). For each case, information on clinical lymph node status and histopathology on ER, PR, and Her2 receptor status was available. Each lesion underwent quantitative radiomics analysis yielding CEIPs characterizing tumor size, shape, morphology, enhancement texture, kinetic curve assessment, and enhancement variance kinetics. The robustness of CEIPs was assessed through statistical comparisons across the two datasets in terms of average CEIP values, t-test results on the subgroups of interest, and non-inferiority testing of performance in the prognostic tasks of distinguishing ER, PR, and Her2 receptor status and lymph node status using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Results: We failed to find any statistically significant differences in the average value of the CEIP distributions across the 2 scanners for subgroups possessing enough cases. We found greater variation in average feature values for the clinical subgroups having less than 20 cases. Non-inferiority analysis demonstrated varying degrees of robustness for different MRI phenotypes. The most enhancing volume and total rate variation showed the best agreement with absolute value of the lower bound of the 90% confidence for delta AUC<0.02. Conclusion: MRI phenotypes appeared robust in their average values across MRI scanners given large enough datasets. Statistical analysis revealed the robust phenotypes in cancer subtype classification. In future work, larger data sets will be collected and robustness of CEIP further investigated. Supported, in part, by the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering of the National Institutes of Health under grant number T32 EB002103.
Deep Learning Approaches to Grasp Synthesis: A Review (2022)

Grasping is the process of picking up an object by applying forces and torques at a set of contacts. Recent advances in deep-learning methods have allowed rapid progress in robotic object grasping. In this systematic review, we surveyed the publications over the last decade, with a particular interest in grasping an object using all 6 degrees of freedom of the end-effector pose. Our review found four common methodologies for robotic grasping: sampling-based approaches, direct regression, reinforcement learning, and exemplar approaches. Additionally, we found two `supporting methods` around grasping that use deep-learning to support the grasping process, shape approximation, and affordances. We have distilled the publications found in this systematic review (85 papers) into ten key takeaways we consider crucial for future robotic grasping and manipulation research. An online version of the survey is available at https://rhys-newbury.github.io/projects/6dof/
Supplementary Figure 4 from Inhibitor-Sensitive FGFR2 and FGFR3 Mutations in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 414K, BGJ398, dovitinib, and pazopanib soft agar and western blot data.&lt;/p&gt;
Abstract 19503: An Improved Potent Direct Thrombin Inhibitor Shows Efficacy With Low Bleeding Risk (2017)

Introduction: The advent of the novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) has had a profound impact on the treatment of venous and arterial thrombotic diseases, which are major clinical concerns with high prevalence and often fatal outcome. While the NOACs offer advantages such as more convenient dosing regimens, more predictable anticoagulant responses, and less frequent monitoring than the traditional options warfarin and heparins, their bleeding liability remains high. Methods and Results: We have developed a novel class of highly selective oral direct thrombin inhibitors that show significantly lower bleeding compared to the NOACs in preclinical testing. Previously, we presented data for an advanced lead compound, VE-1902. Here we will present VE-2851, another lead compound with good liver microsome and plasma stability, improved pharmacokinetic profile in rats, and better combined in vitro and in vivo activity. In contrast to the NOACs, VE-2851, like VE-1902, is preferentially excreted through the feces. In rodent models of venous stasis and arteriovenous shunt thrombosis, VE-2851 demonstrated efficacy comparable to the NOACs, and it is 5x more potent than VE-1902. Despite its strong anticoagulant properties, VE-2851 showed >15x lower blood cell loss relative to apixaban in a rodent tail bleeding time test and less extension of the bleeding time compared to the NOACs. This distinctive bleeding profile is associated with an approx. 200-fold reduced potency in inhibiting thrombin-mediated platelet activation in vitro compared to other direct thrombin inhibitors, while VE-2851 inhibits fibrinogen cleavage, TAFI activation, and protein C activation with similar potency to the NOACs. In vivo , VE-2851 also shows >5x higher maximum platelet activation in the arteriovenous shunt thrombosis model compared to apixaban. Conclusions: The ability of VE-2851 to prevent thrombosis while preserving hemostasis could lead to a new anticoagulant therapy with lower bleeding risk when administered either as a monotherapy or as dual or triple therapy with antiplatelet agents. In addition, a favorable excretion profile with low renal clearance could provide benefits for patients with impaired kidney function.
A Platform for Fault Diagnosis of High-Speed Train based on Big Data (2018)

High-speed trains are very fast (e.g. 350km/h) and operate at high traffic density, so once a fault has occurred, the consequences are disastrous. In order to better control the train operational status by timely and rapid detection of faults, we need new methods to handle and analyze the huge volumes of high-speed railway data. In this paper, we propose a novel framework and platform for high-speed train fault diagnosis based on big data technologies. The framework aims to allow researchers to focus on fault detection algorithm development and on-line application, with all the complexities of big data import, storage, management, and realtime use handled transparently by the framework. The framework uses a combination of cloud computing and edge computing and a two-level architecture that handles the massive data of train operations. The platform uses Hadoop as its basic framework and combines HDFS, HBase, Redis and MySQL database as the data storage framework. A lossless data compression method is presented to reduce the data storage space and improve data storage efficiency. In order to support various types of data analysis tasks for fault diagnosis and prognosis, the framework integrates online computation, off-line computation, stream computation, real-time computation and so on. Moreover, the platform provides fault diagnosis and prognosis as services to users and a simple case study is given to further illustrate how the basic functions of the platform are implemented.
Diagnosis of continuous valued systems in transient operating regions (1999)

The complexity of present day embedded systems (continuous processes controlled by digital processors), and the increased demands on their reliability motivate the need for monitoring and fault isolation capabilities in the embedded processors. This paper develops monitoring, prediction, and fault isolation methods for abrupt faults in complex dynamic systems. The transient behavior in response to these faults is analyzed in a qualitative framework using parsimonious topological system models. Predicted transient effects of hypothesized faults are captured in the form of signatures that specify future faulty behavior as higher order time-derivatives. The dynamic effects of faults are analyzed by a progressive monitoring scheme till transient analysis mechanisms have to be suspended in favor of steady state analysis. This methodology has been successfully applied to monitoring of the secondary sodium cooling loop of a fast breeder reactor.
Fundamentals of luminescence (2018)

Inorganic phosphors are composed of a host lattice doped with a small amount of impurity ions that activate luminescence. Most of these materials are oxides, sulfides, fluorides, halides, and oxysulfides doped with transition metal ions or rare-earth ions. The integration of nitrogen (N) in silicates or aluminosilicates produces a wide range of complex structures with increased flexibility compared to the oxosilicates, and thus a new class of materials, nitridosilicates, nitridoaluminosilicates, and sialons, are obtained. The host lattice of these phosphors is based on nitridosilicates, oxonitridosilicates, or oxonitrido-aluminosilicates, which are derived from silicates by formal exchanges of O and Si by N and Al, respectively. The most usual approaches for synthesizing oxynitride phosphors are solid-state reactions and gas-reduction–nitridation. The solid-state reaction involves the reaction among chemical components including metals, nitride, and oxide starting powders at high temperatures (1400–2000°C) under an N2 atmosphere.
Analysis of immune, microbiota and metabolome maturation in infants in a clinical trial of Lactobacillus paracasei CBA L74-fermented formula (2020)

Mother's milk is the best choice for infants nutrition, however when it is not available or insufficient to satisfy the needs of the infant, formula is proposed as an effective substitute. Here, we report the results of a randomized controlled clinical trial (NCT03637894) designed to evaluate the effects of two different dietary regimens (standard formula and Lactobacillus paracasei CBA L74-fermented formula) versus breastfeeding (reference group) on immune defense mechanisms (primary endpoint: secretory IgA, antimicrobial peptides), the microbiota and its metabolome (secondary outcomes), in healthy full term infants according to the type of delivery (n = 13/group). We show that the fermented formula, safe and well tolerated, induces an increase in secretory IgA (but not in antimicrobial peptides) and reduces the diversity of the microbiota, similarly, but not as much as, breastmilk. Metabolome analysis allowed us to distinguish subjects based on their dietary regimen and mode of delivery. Together, these results suggest that a fermented formula favors the maturation of the immune system, microbiota and metabolome.
Performance Comparison of Planar, Cylindrical, and Polygonalized Phased Arrays for Surveillance and Ubiquitous Radar (2021)

Polygonalized phased arrays are a compromise between planar arrays and cylindrical arrays that provide surveillance radar systems improved surveillance time from a convenient form factor while also enabling many key aspects of ubiquitous radar. Unlike prior investigations of horizon surveillance, this article investigates the benefits offered by cylindrical and polygonalized array geometries, where elements pointing in differing directions can be combined coherently.
Demonstration of a rapidly strain tuned Er^3+-doped fiber laser for sensitive gas detection (1999)

We describe a novel combination of a diode-pumped, wavelength-modulated Er(3+)-doped fiber laser light source with a sensitive noise cancellation circuit for detection of acetylene and ammonia. The laser tuning element, a fiber Bragg grating, was mounted in such a way that it could be strained controllably and rapidly, allowing noise cancellation techniques to be applied to the wavelength-modulated output of the fiber laser. The experimental setup is relatively simple and can be extended to other fiber laser wavelengths for which semiconductor lasers are not readily available by selection of a different fiber Bragg grating and gain medium.
A generic PET/MRI respiratory motion correction using a generalized reconstruction by inversion of coupled systems (GRICS) approach (2012)

Respiratory motion is a source of artifacts in multimodality imaging such as PET/CT and more recently PET/MRI. These artifacts can take the form of blurring or aliasing of the moving structures in different parts of the image. Solutions proposed to date include retrospective or prospective gating. Although these techniques are routinely used in clinical practice, they have the drawback of increasing overall acquisition duration. More elaborated methods consist in using 4D MRI datasets to extract spatial deformations for respiratory motion correction performed during PET image reconstruction. The drawbacks of such methods include time consuming acquisitions as well as the need for fast 3D MRI acquisitions leading to reduced tissue contrast. The objective of this work is to overcome these limitations by the use of a generalized reconstruction by inversion of coupled systems (GRICS) approach in order to obtain internal MRI structure motion and associated deformation matrices for use in PET respiratory motion correction. The GRICS method consists in formulating parallel MRI in the presence of patient motion as a coupled inverse problem. Its resolution, using a fixed-point method, allows the reconstructed image to be improved using a motion model constructed from the raw MR data, irrespectively of the MR sequence used. This method was tested on two different MR volunteer datasets. It was compared with the use of 4D MR acquisitions, and evaluated within the context of correcting simulated PET image frames for respiratory motion. Our results indicate that using GRICS is an efficient method for PET respiratory motion correction in combined PET/MRI imaging without the need for 4D MR acquisitions and associated specific MR sequences.
Continuous-phase frequency-shift keying with external modulation (2006)

A high-speed external modulation scheme for optical continuous-phase frequency-shift keying (CPFSK) is presented. In external frequency-shift keying (FSK) modulation using single-sideband modulation technology, an optical upper/lower sideband (USB/LSB) component with respect to a carrier frequency is selectively generated. However, the FSK-modulated signal has phase discontinuities at the timings of frequency shifts. To overcome the problem, we propose a synchronous control technique that enables continuous phase modulation. In the external CPFSK modulation, the USB/LSB is allowed to shift to the other state when their phases coincide with each other. It is shown that CPFSK with a zero-to-peak frequency deviation of 0.5times(bit rate) is achieved with this synchronous control. Occupant bandwidth is less than half that of the externally modulated incoherent FSK with phase discontinuities. At a modulation speed of 10 Gb/s, higher order sidelobes are highly suppressed by more than 20 dB at the 20-GHz offset, comparing to a conventional binary phase-shift keying (BPSK). By the use of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer with balanced photodetection, receiver sensitivity is 3-dB greater than that of an on-off keying, as well as a BPSK. In this paper, we report on the experimental demonstration of CPFSK modulation/demodulation. A six-channel wavelength-division-multiplexed, 10-Gb/s CPFSK modulation/demodulation was successfully demonstrated
Hypercholesterolemia Enhances Oxidant Production in Mesenteric Venules Exposed to Ischemia/Reperfusion (1998)

It has been shown that hypercholesterolemia (HCh) exaggerates the microvascular dysfunction that is elicited by ischemia and reperfusion (I/R). The objective of this study was to determine whether oxidants contribute to the exaggerated inflammatory responses and enhanced albumin leakage observed in HCh rat mesenteric venules exposed to I/R (10 minutes of ischemia and 30 minutes of reperfusion). Intravital videomicroscopy was used to quantify the number of adherent and emigrated leukocytes, albumin extravasation, platelet-leukocyte aggregation in postcapillary venules, and the degranulation of adjacent mast cells. Oxidation of the fluorochrome dihydrorhodamine 123 (DHR) was used to monitor oxidant production by venular endothelium. I/R was shown to elicit an increased DHR oxidation in venules of both control and HCh rats, with the latter group exhibiting a significantly larger response. Treatment with either oxypurinol or superoxide dismutase largely prevented the leukocyte recruitment, platelet-leukocyte aggregation, mast cell degranulation, and enhanced DHR oxidation elicited by I/R in HCh rats. The enhanced albumin leakage was reduced by superoxide dismutase but not by oxypurinol. These results indicate that HCh amplifies the oxidant stress elicited by I/R and that interventions that blunt the oxidant stress effectively attenuate the leukocyte, platelet, and mast cell activation that result from I/R.
MEMS shock sensor fabricated on flexible substrate (2009)

Incorporating sensors onto a flexible substrate will add functionality to flexible displays. Though several attempts have been made to mount MEMS sensors on flexible substrates, none of the sensors have been integrally fabricated on the substrate. Fabricating MEMS sensors on flexible substrates along with display elements will provide new sensing capabilities and enhance functionality. We propose a MEMS capacitive sensor fabricated in a low temperature, flexible amorphous silicon process. This sensor will enable acoustic detection and have potential applications for blast dosimetry, a research topic currently of great interest.
Silicon nanomembranes for high-performance flexible photonic interconnects and devices (2012)

In this paper, we demonstrate the practicality of using silicon nanomembranes for use in high performance flexible photonic interconnects and devices. Using two silicon nanomembrane transfer schemes, we demonstrate successful transfer of several photonic building blocks including large aspect ratio (&gt;4000) and long (&gt;5cm) strip waveguides, band engineered slow light (n<sub>g</sub> &gt; 30) photonic crystal waveguides, 1xN (1x2 and 1x6) multimode interference couplers etc, on a flexible Kapton polyimide substrate. A two-step cleaving method is also developed and implemented to facilitate testing of the transferred flexible photonic components for the first time. Upon cleaving, the propagation loss in transferred ultralong strip waveguide (~5.7cm) is found to be 1.1dB/cm, which is comparable to that of waveguides on SOI.
State‐of‐the‐Art IC Packages, Modules, and Substrates (2018)

This chapter focuses on single-chip packages (SCPs), multi-layered organic (MLO) substrates and integrated circuit (IC) fabrication and assembly for standard SCPs, and customized assemblies: multi-chip package (MCP)/multi-chip module (MCM). They are achieved using state of the art interconnection and substrate technologies, for example, wirebond (WB), flip chip (FC), MLO substrates, discrete compoments, and embedded wafer level BGA (eWLB)- fan-out (FO) processes. The chapter describes the differences in MLO substrates: IC substrates, module substrates, and printed circuit board (PCB). Modules consists of packaged ICs and multitude of discretes (for RF); intended for RF-passives systems. Since the substrates rein intimate contact with the IC, the MLO used for IC substrates have to be the most advanced and stable, in terms of material, mechanical, and electrical properties and reliability.