gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Removal of Antibiotic Resistance From Municipal Secondary Effluents by Ozone-Activated Carbon Filtration (2022)

At wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), additional steps are introduced for removal of organic micropollutants (OMPs) from the treated effluents, especially pharmaceutical residues. At the same time, a new concern is emerging: antibiotic resistance (AR). This research studied the effect of ozonation, coagulation and granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration applied as tertiary treatment for the removal of OMPs and nutrients, on AR removal. Bacterial culture methods in selective media were used to screen for four different microorganisms: two faecal indicators ( Escherichia coli and Enterococci) as antibiotic sensitive bacteria (ASB), and a resistant strain of each of these bacteria, namely Extended-Spectrum Beta-lactamase producing E. coli (ESBL- E.coli ) and Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci (VRE) as antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB). At laboratory scale, ozonation experiments (ozone dose 0.4–0.6 g O 3 /g DOC) and coagulation experiments using Polyaluminum chloride (PAX-214) and FeCl 3 (coagulant dose 0.004–1 mM/L) were performed using secondary effluent from two municipal WWTPs. In addition in a pilot plant and full-scale plant ozonation (ozone dose 0.4 g O 3 /g DOC) and GAC filtration (empty bed contact time 15 min) were studied for AR removal. No significant differences were found between ARB and ASB removal for coagulation and ozonation which could indicate that ASB can be used as an initial proxy for ARB removal for these technologies. In the laboratory experiments, ozonation and coagulation showed a good removal of both ARB and ASB. However, the doses needed to reach 2–3 log removal were a factor 2.5–4 (ozonation) and 250 (coagulation) higher than applied for OMP removal (by ozonation) and phosphorus (P) removal (by coagulation). In the GAC filters, the risk of ARB enhancement occurred, especially in filters with a matured biology. Although these bacteria are not necessarily directly harmful, they can pass down their resistance to pathogenic bacteria via horizontal gene transfer.
Interactions of H2on the Isobutane Adsorption over Bifunctional Catalyst PtHBEA Revealed by Reversed-Flow Inverse Gas Chromatography (2014)

The interactions of isobutane (i-C4) over a bifunctional catalyst PtHBEA are investigated at 343 K in both neutral (helium) and reactive (hydrogen) atmospheres. Reverse flow inverse gas chromatography, used in conjunction with numerical computation, allowed the determination of physicochemical quantities such as local monolayer capacities, probability density functions, and diffusion coefficients in a time-resolved way. The energetic heterogeneity is modified by the dissociative adsorption of hydrogen over the platinum particles. Effective diffusion coefficient of isobutane is mainly affected by the concentration of protonic sites, while the surface diffusion involves more complex phenomena related to the platinum/zeolite interactions and the hydrogen spillover.
epBRM: Improving a Quality of 3D Object Detection using End Point Box\n Regression Module (2019)

We present an endpoint box regression module(epBRM), which is designed for\npredicting precise 3D bounding boxes using raw LiDAR 3D point clouds. The\nproposed epBRM is built with sequence of small networks and is computationally\nlightweight. Our approach can improve a 3D object detection performance by\npredicting more precise 3D bounding box coordinates. The proposed approach\nrequires 40 minutes of training to improve the detection performance. Moreover,\nepBRM imposes less than 12ms to network inference time for up-to 20 objects.\n The proposed approach utilizes a spatial transformation mechanism to simplify\nthe box regression task. Adopting spatial transformation mechanism into epBRM\nmakes it possible to improve the quality of detection with a small sized\nnetwork.\n We conduct in-depth analysis of the effect of various spatial transformation\nmechanisms applied on raw LiDAR 3D point clouds. We also evaluate the proposed\nepBRM by applying it to several state-of-the-art 3D object detection systems.\n We evaluate our approach on KITTI dataset, a standard 3D object detection\nbenchmark for autonomous vehicles. The proposed epBRM enhances the overlaps\nbetween ground truth bounding boxes and detected bounding boxes, and improves\n3D object detection. Our proposed method evaluated in KITTI test server\noutperforms current state-of-the-art approaches.\n
A dual-functional peptide probe for simutaneous stem cell monitoring and restoring (2016)

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A Unified Total Synthesis of the Immunomodulators (−)-Rapamycin and (−)-27-Demethoxyrapamycin:  Assembly of the Common C(1−20) Perimeter and Final Elaboration (1997)

The potent, naturally occurring immunomodulators (−)-rapamycin (1) and (−)-27-demethoxyrapamycin (2) have been synthesized via a unified and highly convergent strategy. In the preceding paper we discussed the construction of common building blocks A−C and their linkage to provide the C(21−42) segments of 1 and 2. Herein we describe model studies of triene generation and hydroxyl deprotection, the preparation and coupling of building blocks D and E, a two-step protocol for macrocycle formation via union of the ABC and DE subtargets, and completion of the total syntheses. The synthesis of 27-demethoxyrapamycin (2) confirmed the assigned structure.
Pitch-synchronous frame-by-frame and segment-based articulatory analysis by synthesis (1993)

This paper presents a pitch-synchronous analysis-by-synthesis procedure for estimating model parameters for voiced speech. These model parameters describe the vocal-tract shape and the time derivative of the glottal area function. The excitation waveform is derived from the glottal area function by incorporating source-tract interaction using the current vocal-tract input impedance. The corresponding analysis procedure for estimating the model parameters once every pitch period is outlined. A significant improvement in quality was obtained for the new pitch-synchronous analysis/synthesis procedure relative to the fixed-frame-length-based scheme used previously. It was also found that the new pitch-synchronous articulatory analysis/synthesis scheme achieves lower rms spectral distortion values than the 2.4 kb/s. Federal standard LPC-10E algorithm. A segment-based procedure for estimating the vocal-tract model parameters at a rate much lower than the current pitch is described. In this segment-based analysis-by-synthesis approach, the model parameters are estimated every 50–100 ms. The parameters for the intermediate pitch periods are derived by interpolation. The segments are selected using a maximum likelihood segmentation algorithm that segments an utterance into diphonelike units. A segment-based parameter optimization scheme could lead to a highly economical representation of the speech signal for potential applications in very low bit rate speech coding and speech storage. The above schemes were optimized for a pilot test sentence and then evaluated using eight test sentences for a log area and the Coker articulatory model representation of the vocal tract. Nine listeners were asked to judge the quality of the synthesis in a paired-comparison test and the results were analyzed using a nonparametric one-tailed sign test. For the log-area representation of the vocal tract, we found a significant degradation in speech quality for the segment-based optimization procedure relative to the frame-based procedure. However, for the Coker model representation, the degradation was found to be insignificant. This shows that unlike cross-sectional areas, the movement of various articulators in the vocal tract during speech production can be described with sufficient accuracy by specifying the position of these articulators and by using an interpolation function at time intervals much longer than a pitch period.
New mechanism of glass structure ordering by two harmonics irradiation (1996)

The glass structures formed by ionic and covalent bonds are considered. We suggest a new mechanism of these structures ordering by the irradiation of YAG:Nd laser's first and second harmonics. The equivalent Si-O<SUP>-</SUP>Pb<SUP>2+</SUP>O<SUP>-</SUP>-Si equivalent structures of lead-silicate glasses have been studied by computer simulation. It is found that the suggested mechanism can play an important role in the photoinduced second harmonic generation in these glasses.
Localization of higher grade tumor foci in potential candidates for active surveillance who opt for radical prostatectomy (2013)

Among patients deemed clinically appropriate for AS, higher-grade tumor foci missed by standard prostate biopsies were localized to both the anterior and posterior prostate, without predominance of a particular area. These findings lend additional support to performing repeat standard prostate biopsy in potential candidates for AS and should be considered in efforts to optimize current biopsy strategies for the selection of AS patients.
A 9.2&#x2013;12GHz, 90nm digital fractional-N synthesizer with stochastic TDC calibration and &#x2212;35/&#x2212;41dBc integrated phase noise in the 5/2.5GHz bands (2010)

A 90nm CMOS, 9.2–12GHz digital fractional-N synthesizer for WLAN/WiMax is described. Stochastic calibration of time to digital conversion and a VCO phase noise minimization algorithm are used to achieve <−35dBc integrated phase nose (100Hz to 10MHz), in the 5–6GHz band with spurs below −60dBc.
ChemInform Abstract: Double Carbonylation of Actinide Bis(cyclopentadienyl) Complexes. (1986)

Abstract This contribution presents a theoretical and experimental mechanistic study of the process by which actinide alkyls (I) undergo facile double carbonylation and C = Cbond formation to yield the monomeric and dimeric complexes (III) and (IV) of the cis‐enediolato ligand, cis‐RC(Ö) = C(Ö)R. An electronic structural analysis of the proposed actinide bis(acyl) precursor shows that the most stable structure is that of a 20‐electron bis(dihaptoacyl) (II).
Sub‐10 nm Features Obtained from Directed Self‐Assembly of Semicrystalline Polycarbosilane‐Based Block Copolymer Thin Films (2014)

Highly-ordered arrays with sub-10 nm features are produced with topographical-directed self-assembly of low-molecular-weight poly(1,1-dimethyl silacyclobutane)-block-poly(methyl methacrylate). This system turns out to be of high interest for lithographic applications since the domain orientation is solely controlled through the polymer layer thickness, while the promotion of the microphase separation is obtained by a short thermal annealing process under mild conditions.
Belief Propagation for Classical and Quantum Systems: Overview and Recent Results (2022)

This article reviews belief propagation (BP) for classical inference problems and describes its extension to quantum systems, which is known as BP with quantum messages (BPQM). Since BP plays a key role in many low-complexity decoders for error-correcting codes, BPQM enables the practical extension of these decoders to classical quantum channels, such as the pure state channel.
FGF-1 reverts epithelial-mesenchymal transition induced by TGF-β1 through MAPK/ERK kinase pathway (2010)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and lethal lung disease characterized by the expansion of the fibroblast/myofibroblast population and aberrant remodeling. However, the origin of mesenchymal cells in this disorder is still under debate. Recent evidence indicates that epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) induced primarily by TGF-beta1 plays an important role; however, studies regarding the opposite process, mesenchymal-epithelial transition, are scanty. We have previously shown that fibroblast growth factor-1 (FGF-1) inhibits several profibrogenic effects of TGF-beta1. In this study, we examined the effects of FGF-1 on TGF-beta1-induced EMT. A549 and RLE-6TN (human and rat) alveolar epithelial-like cell lines were stimulated with TGF-beta1 for 72 h, and then, in the presence of TGF-beta1, were cultured with FGF-1 plus heparin for an additional 48 h. After TGF-beta1 treatment, epithelial cells acquired a spindle-like mesenchymal phenotype with a substantial reduction of E-cadherin and cytokeratins and concurrent induction of alpha-smooth muscle actin measured by real-time PCR, Western blotting, and immunocytochemistry. FGF-1 plus heparin reversed these morphological changes and returned the epithelial and mesenchymal markers to control levels. Signaling pathways analyzed by selective pharmacological inhibitors showed that TGF-beta1 induces EMT through Smad pathway, while reversion by FGF-1 occurs through MAPK/ERK kinase pathway, resulting in ERK-1 phosphorylation and Smad2 dephosphorylation. These findings indicate that TGF-beta1-induced EMT is reversed by FGF-1 and suggest therapeutic approaches to target this process in IPF.
Search for electroweak production of charginos and neutralinos in proton-proton collisions at $$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 13 TeV (2022)

A bstract A direct search for electroweak production of charginos and neutralinos is presented. Events with three or four leptons, with up to two hadronically decaying τ leptons, or two same-sign light leptons are analyzed. The data sample consists of 137 fb − 1 of proton-proton collisions with a center of mass energy of 13 TeV, recorded with the CMS detector at the LHC. The results are interpreted in terms of several simplified models. These represent a broad range of production and decay scenarios for charginos and neutralinos. A parametric neural network is used to target several of the models with large backgrounds. In addition, results using orthogonal search regions are provided for all the models, simplifying alternative theoretical interpretations of the results. Depending on the model hypotheses, charginos and neutralinos with masses up to values between 300 and 1450 GeV are excluded at 95% confidence level.
101 Slider and Bouncing Characteristics of a Novel Contact Optical Head Slider (2001)

It is anticipated that the near-field recording method will become one of the promising candidates for realizing high density optical recording sensor head to satisfy the demands of storage capacity in computer communication society. In this paper, we propose a novel optical contact head slider which cancels the suspension load by generating hydrodynamic total pressure. We introduce a mixed lubricantion model for basic design and 2-degree-of-freedom vibration model could successfully confirm-its mechanical responses when sliding on minute wavinesses of a metal coated medium. Detailed analysis reveals the non-linear response of the amplitude of the waviness. Experimental confirmation on the trial-manufactured optical contact slider will be performed in the near future.
The streaming liver III. Littoral cells accompany the streaming hepatocyte (1988)

In previous studies we have shown that hepatocytes stream from the portal tract toward the terminal hepatic vein. The present study provides evidence that littoral cells participate in the same cell stream and that the liver actually streams en masse. Littoral cells stand for sinusoidal endothelia and Kupffer cells. Thirty male adult rats, random bred, were injected with 0.5 microCi [3H]-thymidine, specific activity 5 Ci/mmol/g body weight. The rats were killed in groups of five, at the following times: 1 h, 14, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days. The livers were processed histologically and dipped into liquid emulsion for autoradiography. In each animal 50 labelled hepatocytes and 50 littoral cells were randomly selected and their distance from the nearest terminal portal tract rim was measured. Both cell populations renew their cells continuously. Each consists of two cell types, progenitors, residing around the portal tract up to the distance of 200 microns, and functional cells, which inhabit the rest of the acinus. The two regions where the different cell types reside are known respectively as progenitor (P) and functional (Q) compartments. Both cells are formed in the P-compartment and advance jointly along a trajectory, the tissue radius, toward the terminal hepatic vein where they die. They progress at a daily velocity of 2 micron. Since both advance at the same speed, as long as they exist they remain neighbours. Liver parenchyma and stroma thus stream en masse.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Imaging demonstration of a flexible micro-OCT endobronchial probe (Conference Presentation) (2017)

The human respiratory system is protected by a defense mechanism termed mucociliary clearance (MCC). Deficiency in MCC leads to respiratory obstruction and pulmonary infection, which often are the main causes of morbidity and mortality in diseases such as cystic fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Studying key parameters that govern MCC, including ciliary beat frequency, velocity and volume of airway mucus transport, as well as periciliary liquid layer thickness are therefore of great importance in understanding human respiratory health. However, direct, in vivo visualization of ciliary function and MCC has been challenging, hindering the diagnosis of disease pathogenesis and mechanistic evaluation of novel therapeutics. Our laboratory has previously developed a 1-µm resolution optical coherence tomography method, termed Micro-OCT, which is a unique tool for visualizing the spatiotemporal features of ciliary function and MCC. We have previously described the design of a flexible 2.5 mm Micro-OCT probe that is compatible with standard flexible bronchoscopes. This device utilizes a common-path interferometer and annular sample arm apodization to attain a sharply focused spot over an extended depth of focus. Here, we present the most recent iteration of this probe and demonstrate its imaging performance in a mouse trachea tissue culture model. In addition, we have developed an ergonomic assembly for attaching the probe to a standard bronchoscope. The ergonomic assembly fixes the Micro-OCT probe’s within the bronchoscope and contains a means transducing linear motion through the sheath so that the Micro-OCT beam can be scanned along the trachea. We have tested the performance of these devices for Micro-OCT imaging in an anatomically correct model of the human airway. Future studies are planned to use this technology to conduct Micro-OCT in human trachea and bronchi in vivo.
Open-Angle Glaucomatous Optic Neuropathy Is Related to Dips Rather Than Increases in the Mean Arterial Pressure Over 24-H (2022)

Dips rather than increases in the 24-h MAP level were associated with increased risk for OAG. An ophthalmological examination combined with 24-h BP monitoring might be precautious steps required in normotensive and hypertensive patients at risk of OAG.
Implications of ISO 9000 for personnel dosimetry (1995)

Landauer, Inc. has gained approval to provide personnel dosimetry services in several countries. Each experiene reflects the different concerns adopted by national approval agencies. None have adopted ISO 9000 registration as evidence of a suitable quality system of management. Instead, each organization has prepared its own set of requirements with no provisions for recognizing the results of performance tests or audits conducted by other approval organizations. As ISO 9000 has become a communication symbol for commercial organizations dealing with each other, it has not been similarly viewed by radiation regulation bodies. A key reason arises from a tradition to regulate bodies. A key reason arises from a tradition to regulate, not promote, international trade, not encourage innovation, nor foster economic competition. A second reason is the inability to separate the technical requirements from quality assurance. ISO 9000 may become useful once the national technical organizations learn to trust those of other countries.
Visual features for vehicle localization and ego-motion estimation (2009)

This paper introduces a novel method for vehicle pose estimation and motion tracking using visual features. The method combines ideas from research on visual odometry with a feature map that is automatically generated from aerial images into a visual navigation system. Given an initial pose estimate, e.g. from a GPS receiver, the system is capable of robustly tracking the vehicle pose in geographical coordinates over time, using image data as the only input. Experiments on real image data have shown that the precision of the position estimate with respect to the feature map typically lies within only several centimeters. This makes the algorithm interesting for a wide range of applications like navigation, path planning or lane keeping.
19F Shielding Tensors from Coherently Narrowed NMR Powder Spectra (1971)

Coherent line-narrowing methods are used to reduce the dipolar width of the 19F resonance in a number of powdered solids, disclosing the powder patterns arising from chemical shift anisotropy. The principal elements of the shielding tensors are reported and compared with previous experimental and theoretical results. In certain cases it has been possible to use the averaging induced by high-temperature restricted rotation to assign the principal elements of the shielding tensor to directions in the molecular framework. In C6F6 the shielding tensor is axially symmetric within experimental error; σ‖–σ⊥ = 155 ppm, with the unique (‖) axis parallel to the molecular sixfold symmetry axis. In CF3CO&amp;gt;2−Ag+ we find σXX = − 3 ppm, σYY = − 67 ppm, σZZ = + 70 ppm, and 〈σ〉 = − 96 ppm referred to liquid C6F6. Here the Z axis is approximately along the C–F bond and the Y axis lies in the CCF plane.
Structure–Function Analyses of the N-Butanoyl l-Homoserine Lactone Quorum-Sensing Signal Define Features Critical to Activity in RhlR (2018)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that coordinates the production of many virulence phenotypes at high population density via quorum sensing (QS). The LuxR-type receptor RhlR plays an important role in the P. aeruginosa QS process, and there is considerable interest in the development of chemical approaches to modulate the activity of this protein. RhlR is activated by a simple, low molecular weight N-acyl l-homoserine lactone signal, N-butanoyll-homoserine lactone (BHL). Despite the emerging prominence of RhlR in QS pathways, there has been limited exploration of the chemical features of the BHL scaffold that are critical to its function. In the current study, we sought to systematically delineate the structure-activity relationships (SARs) driving BHL activity for the first time. A focused library of BHL analogues was designed, synthesized, and evaluated in cell-based reporter gene assays for RhlR agonism and antagonism. These investigations allowed us to define a series of SARs for BHL-type ligands and identify structural motifs critical for both activation and inhibition of the RhlR receptor. Notably, we identified agonists that have ∼10-fold higher potencies in RhlR relative to BHL, are highly selective for RhlR agonism over LasR, and are active in the P. aeruginosa background. These compounds and the SARs reported herein should pave a route toward new chemical strategies to study RhlR in P. aeruginosa.