gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Progress In The Long-pulse BWO Experiment At The University Of New Mexico (2005)

High power microwave experiments using a long pulse accelerator with a backward wave oscillator (BWO) are continuing at the Pulsed Power and Plasma Science Laboratory of the University of New Mexico. The accelerator used in this study is a Physics International Pulserad 110A, which has a 2.75 kJ Marx bank as its primary energy store. In order to convert this accelerator to long pulse operation, the original pulse forming line was placed with a parallel L-C network, thus giving rise to a new cathode voltage, impedance, and pulse duration for the Pulserad 110A of 500 kV, 40 {Omega}, and 450--550 ns, respectively. The accelerator drives an electron gun, which has an annular, knife-edge, carbon cathode that is approximately 2 cm in diameter. The relativistic beam that is emitted from the gun is injected into a slow wave structure (SWS) to generate X-band microwaves. Currently, the SWS is configured such that there is a non-uniform variation in the amplitude of the ripples in the wall, similar to companion short-pulse experiments that are being conducted here. Microwave power levels in recent experiments have been as high as 140 MW with pulse durations ranging from 16 to 32 ns. Damage observed inside themore » SWS after experiments indicates that a significant amount of breakdown is occurring. High rf fields may be a major cause of the early cessation of microwave radiation. The system design will be presented along with data from further vacuum SWS experiments. Detailed plans for plasma-filled SWS experiments and preliminary data from these experiments will also be presented.« less
Virulent aggregates of Streptococcus pyogenes are generated by homophilic protein–protein interactions (2000)

Many strains of the important human pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes form aggregates when grown in vitro in liquid medium. The present studies demonstrate that this property is crucial for the adherence, the resistance to phagocytosis and the virulence of S. pyogenes. A conserved sequence of 19 amino acid residues (designated AHP) was identified in surface proteins of common S. pyogenes serotypes. This sequence was found to promote bacterial aggregation through homophilic protein-protein interactions between AHP-containing surface proteins of neighbouring bacteria. A synthetic AHP peptide inhibited S. pyogenes aggregation, reduced the survival of S. pyogenes in human blood and attenuated its virulence in mice. In contrast, mutant bacteria devoid of surface proteins containing AHP-related sequences did not aggregate or adhere to epithelial cells. These bacteria are also rapidly killed in human blood and show reduced virulence in mice, underlining the pathogenic significance of the AHP sequence and S. pyogenes aggregation.
Reservoir Fluid Characterization With A New-Generation Downhole Fluid Analysis Tool (2008)

This paper reports a new-generation wireline formation testing tool that quantitatively characterizes reservoir fluid. The tool measures: 1) fluid composition (C1, C2, C3–C5, C6+, and CO2); gas/oil ratio (GOR) and water fraction by VIS-NIR spectroscopy; 2) color, fluorescence, and reflectance; 3) pH if fluid is water; 4) density by a vibrating sensor; 5) flowline pressure and temperature; and 6) water salinity by resistivity measurement. The first half of the paper presents a schematic description of the tool and explains the spectrometer accuracy improvement over existing commercial offerings. A grating spectrometer is the standard technology used for laboratory spectroscopy, and it was implemented for the first time for this downhole tool. The grating spectrometer has several advantages over existing commercial products for: 1) being able to measure semi-continuous spectrum in critical hydrocarbon peak region and 2) better signal baseline stability critical for accurate spectroscopy. More than 45 field test jobs were performed in the field test campaign. The comparisons made are between measurements performed by a new wireline downhole fluid analysis (DFA) tool and PVT analysis performed in wellsites and laboratories. The second half of the paper discusses a deepwater appraisal well case example from offshore Nigeria, West Africa. The objective of the formation testing program was to assess the hydrocarbon potential, evaluate the fluid properties and contacts, and determine the presence of any compositional grading with depth across the reservoir section. An advanced wireline formation testing tool equipped with focused sampling and conventional probes and four downhole fluid analyzers including the new-generation tool were used. Pressure pretests were performed in this appraisal well in combination with fluid scanning and fluid sampling at seven depths across the reservoir. The combination of fluid scanning across the main reservoir and real-time measurements of in-situ fluid density also enabled the operator to rapidly assess the fluid composition and locations of fluid contacts during progression of the logging operations. The application of this new sampling and downhole fluid analysis technology provided valuable information to the operator for design of the subsequent drillstem test and results comparison.
Preferred conformation of C-glycosides. 2. Preferred conformation of carbon analogs of isomaltose and gentiobiose (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreferred conformation of C-glycosides. 2. Preferred conformation of carbon analogs of isomaltose and gentiobiosePeter G. Goekjian, Tse Chong Wu, Han Young Kang, and Yoshito KishiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 21, 4823–4825Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00230a039https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00230a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views210Altmetric-Citations56LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Extensive/Multidrug-Resistant Pneumococci Detected in Clinical Respiratory Tract Samples in Southern Sweden Are Closely Related to International Multidrug-Resistant Lineages (2022)

Although MDR <i>S. pneumoniae</i> is relatively uncommon in Sweden compared to other countries, virulent non-PCV serotypes that are MDR may become an increasing problem, particularly from clusters GPSC9 and GPSC10. Since the incidence of certain serotypes (3, 15A, and 19A) found among our MDR Swedish study isolates are persistent or increasing in invasive pneumococcal disease further surveillance is warranted.
Biomass Particle Models with Realistic Morphology and Resolved Microstructure for Simulations of Intraparticle Transport Phenomena (2014)

Biomass exhibits a complex microstructure of directional pores that impact how heat and mass are transferred within biomass particles during conversion processes. However, models of biomass particles used in simulations of conversion processes typically employ oversimplified geometries such as spheres and cylinders and neglect intraparticle microstructure. Here we develop 3D models of biomass particles with size, morphology, and microstructure based on parameters obtained from quantitative image analysis. We obtain measurements of particle size and morphology by analyzing large ensembles of particles that result from typical size reduction methods, and we delineate several representative size classes. Microstructural parameters, including cell wall thickness and cell lumen dimensions, are measured directly from micrographs of sectioned biomass. A general constructive solid geometry algorithm is presented that produces models of biomass particles based on these measurements. Next, we employ the parameters obtained from image analysis to construct models of three different particle size classes from two different feedstocks representing a hardwood poplar species (Populus tremuloides, quaking aspen) and a softwood pine (Pinus taeda, loblolly pine). Finally, we demonstrate the utility of the models and the effects explicit microstructure by performing finite-element simulations of intraparticle heat and mass transfer, and the results are compared to similar simulations using traditional simplified geometries. We show how the behavior of particle models with more realistic morphology and explicit microstructure departs from that of spherical models in simulations of transport phenomena and that species-dependent differences in microstructure impact simulation results in some cases.
Performance Management for Cluster Based Web Services (2003)

We present an architecture and prototype implementation of a performance management system for cluster-based web services. The system supports multiple classes of web services traffic and allocates server resources dynamically so to maximize the expected value of a given cluster utility function in the face of fluctuating loads. The cluster utility is a function of the performance delivered to the various classes, and this leads to differentiated service. In this paper we will use the average response time as the performance metric. The management system is transparent: it requires no changes in the client code, the server code, or the network interface between them. The system performs three performance management tasks: resource allocation, load balancing, and server overload protection. We use two nested levels of management mechanism. The inner level centers on queuing and scheduling of request messages. The outer level is a feedback control loop that periodically adjusts the scheduling weights and server allocations of the inner level. The feedback controller is based on an approximate first-principles model of the system, with parameters derived from continuous monitoring. We focus on SOAP-based web services. We report experimental results that show the dynamic behavior of the system.
Micro X-ray Fluorescence: A personal perspective of 30 years (2017)

Journal Article Micro X-ray Fluorescence: A personal perspective of 30 years Get access George J Havrilla George J Havrilla Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Microscopy and Microanalysis, Volume 23, Issue S1, 1 July 2017, Pages 1006–1007, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927617005694 Published: 04 August 2017
Ionic Liquid-Based Preparation of Cellulose−Dendrimer Films as Solid Supports for Enzyme Immobilization (2007)

Surface-active cellulose films for covalent attachment of bioactive moieties were achieved by codissolution of cellulose with polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers in an ionic liquid followed by regeneration of the composite as a film. Different generations of PAMAM were used for the formation of cellulose-dendrimer composites, as well as films with the dendrimer covalently bonded to the cellulose by means of the linker 1,3-phenylene diisocyanate. Surface characterization, thermal stability, and utility for immobilization of laccase were determined. The presence of the dendrimer amino groups was confirmed by detailed characterization of the films' surfaces. These modified films exhibit acceptable thermal stability, comparable to that of other regenerated cellulose films, but the number of active functional groups on the surface is much smaller than the theoretical amount expected. Films made with 1,3-phenylene diisocyanate as linker for covalently bound cellulose and dendrimers exhibit a better performance for immobilization of laccase than those prepared by simple mixing of the cellulose and dendrimer. In general, a linear correspondence between the dendrimer generation within the films and the specific activity of immobilized laccase in such films was not observed.
Controlling Gene Expression Using a Synthetic Biology Approach (2006)

Gene expression is naturally regulated at multiple levels including transcription, translation and RNA processing. Cell biology experiments frequently require modifications of these regulatory systems, for example to express a heterologous protein, or to prevent expression of an endogenous gene. We have used the degeneracy of the genetic code to design genes that encode proteins with unchanged amino acid sequences but altered translational and RNA processing properties. We have performed a thorough statistical analysis of the codon distribution in all 4288 E. coli ORFs and analyzed the patterns of codon bias. The codon distribution pattern is distinctly different in the first 20 amino acids of ORFs. This could be attributed to the ribosome switching from initiation to elongation mode. Contrary to several other studies, we do not find codon‐pair bias to deviate from what would be expected. By using the codon bias elucidated from this analysis we have designed and synthesized genes for fungal and plant cytochrome P450s that express well in E coli. RNA interference is a transforming technology that can shut down gene expression using an endogenous RNA processing pathway. However, as with antisense technology two decades ago, non‐specific effects are becoming apparent. To control for such effects it is possible to redesign genes so that their mRNAs encode the wild type protein but share only 60–70% sequence identity with the original. We have found that such genes are resistant to both single RNAi species as well as wild type mRNA digested with DICER. Addition of RNAi‐resistant genes should restore the wild type phenotype if the RNA interference is specific. By knocking out the endogenous gene and making mutations in added‐back RNAi‐resistant genes, the effects of amino acid changes on gene function can be easily tested in genetically intractable systems.
Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and the pharmacokinetic/ pharmacodynamic relationship of zolpidem in healthy subjects (2009)

Zolpidem is one of the most frequently prescribed hypnotics, as it is a very short-acting compound with relatively few side effects. Zolpidem's short duration of action is partly related to its short elimination half-life, but the associations between plasma levels and pharmacodynamic (PD) effects are not precisely known. In this study, the concentration-effect relationships for zolpidem were modelled. Zolpidem (10 mg) was administered in a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial to determine PD and pharmacokinetics (PK) in 14 healthy volunteers. Zolpidem was absorbed and eliminated quickly, with a median T(max) of 0.78 h (range: 0.33-2.50) and t(1/2) of 2.2 h. Zolpidem reduced saccadic peak velocity (SPV), adaptive tracking performance, electroencephalogram (EEG) alpha power and visual analogue scale (VAS) alertness score and increased body sway, EEG beta power and VAS 'feeling high'. Short- and long-term memory was not affected. Central nervous system effects normalised more rapidly than the decrease of plasma concentrations. For most effects, zolpidem's short duration of action could be adequately described by both a sigmoid E(max) model and a transit tolerance model. For SPV and EEG alpha power, the tolerance model seemed less suitable. These PK/PD models have different implications for the mechanism underlying zolpidem's short duration of action. A sigmoid E(max) model (which is based on ligand binding theory) would imply a threshold value for the drug's effective concentrations. A transit tolerance model (in which a hypothetical factor builds up with time that antagonises the effects of the parent compound) is compatible with a rapid reversible desensitisation of GABAergic subunits.
Supplementary Video S1 from Nonlinear Optics with Near-Infrared Excitation Enable Real-Time Quantitative Diagnosis of Human Cervical Cancers (2023)

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Dithymidylyl-3′,5′-phosphorofluoridates: new synthesis and stability under solvolytic conditions (1995)

Dithymidylyl-3′,5′-phosphorofluoridates, prepared by nucleophilic substitution of methylselenyl by fluoride ion, are relatively unstable under solvolytic conditions and undergo rapid base-catalysed hydrolysis/methanolysis.
3D inkjet-printed UV-curable inks for multi-functional electromagnetic applications (2016)

Inkjet printing of multiple materials is usually processed in multiple steps due to various jetting and curing/sintering conditions. In this paper we report on the development of all inkjet-printed UV-curable electromagnetic responsive inks in a single process, and the electromagnetic characterization of the developed structure. The ink consists of iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (nominal particle size 50–100 nm) suspended within a UV curable matrix resin. The viscosity and surface tension of the inks were tuned to sit within the inkjet printability range. Multiple layers of the electromagnetic active ink were printed alongside passive UV-curable ink in a single manufacturing process to form a multi-material waffle shape. The real permittivity of the cured passive ink, active ink and waffle structure at a frequency of 8–12 GHz were 2.25, 2.73 and 2.65 F/m, respectively. This shows the potential of additive manufacturing (AM) to form multi-material structures with tunable electromagnetic properties.
Alveolar cells participate in CD8+T cell recruitment (2000)

CD8 + T lymphocytes are important in the recognition and clearance of viral infections, and are also associated with the chronic lung inflammation found in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and interstitial lung diseases such as allergic alveolitis and silicosis. At present, the mechanisms by which these effector cells interact with cells found within the alveolus remain poorly characterized. The aim of this study was to explore the interaction of the alveolar epithelial cell and the activated CD8 + T lymphocyte.
Constant beamwidth beamforming (1993)

The beamwidth of a linear array decreases as frequency increases. For wideband beamformers such as microphone arrays intended for teleconferencing, this frequency dependence implies that signals incident on the outer portions of the main beam are subject to the undesirable effects of lowpass filtering. The authors discuss several ways of attaining beamwidth constancy and present a method based on superimposing several marginally steered beams to form a constant beamwidth multi-beam. This method provides an analytically tractable framework for designing constant beamwidth beamformers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Forbidden region virtual fixtures from streaming point clouds (2014)

AbstractForbidden region virtual fixtures protect objects from unwanted contact with a robot. In this paper, we propose a method for creating forbidden region haptic virtual fixtures for teleoperation from streaming point clouds obtained by an RGB-D camera. Upon violating the protected area, the operator receives force feedback that opposes motion inside the forbidden region. Three architectures for creating virtual fixtures are presented and their advantages and disadvantages are described. The proposed methods have the ability to implement constraints and can handle dynamic environments in real-time. The effectiveness of the methods is demonstrated in experiments with a surgical robot.Keywords: hapticsteleoperationpoint cloudsvirtual fixturesaugmented reality Notes1 In the teleoperation literature, the remote robot is sometimes referred to as the robot or slave robot. Throughout this paper the term robot refers to the remote robot unless otherwise specified.This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) [grant number 093093] and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC).Supplemental data for this article can be accessed at http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01691864.2014.962613
Post-Release Displacement Uncertainty of Micro-Cantilevers Due to Anchor Over/Under Etching (2008)

In this paper we follow an analytical and finite element modeling approach to study the effect of anchor over/under-etch on the post-release tip displacement of MEMS cantilever beams. We show that the last release step is particularly critical in controlling the beam’s post-release displacement, which is of primary importance in a variety of applications. In this paper we isolate the effects of mean stress and imperfect anchor. We assume negligible gradient stress since its effect has been studied in detail in the literature. Beams with perfect anchors and zero under-etch are also presented for comparison. The results emphasize that through careful control of the fabrication parameters and anchor structure, the initial displacement profile and thus performance of micro-cantilevers can be accurately controlled.
STEP: Segmenting and Tracking Every Pixel (2021)

The task of assigning semantic classes and track identities to every pixel in a video is called video panoptic segmentation. Our work is the first that targets this task in a real-world setting requiring dense interpretation in both spatial and temporal domains. As the ground-truth for this task is difficult and expensive to obtain, existing datasets are either constructed synthetically or only sparsely annotated within short video clips. To overcome this, we introduce a new benchmark encompassing two datasets, KITTI-STEP, and MOTChallenge-STEP. The datasets contain long video sequences, providing challenging examples and a test-bed for studying long-term pixel-precise segmentation and tracking under real-world conditions. We further propose a novel evaluation metric Segmentation and Tracking Quality (STQ) that fairly balances semantic and tracking aspects of this task and is more appropriate for evaluating sequences of arbitrary length. Finally, we provide several baselines to evaluate the status of existing methods on this new challenging dataset. We have made our datasets, metric, benchmark servers, and baselines publicly available, and hope this will inspire future research.