gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Supramolecular Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Assemblies with Tunable Particle Size: Interplay of Three Noncovalent Interactions (2013)

Gold or CdS nanoparticles and ionic dye molecules can form supramolecular assemblies with a defined size between 100 to 300 nm when using a macro-ion as template and connector. The picture shows the arangement of gold, dendrimer, and dye in the hybrid assembly (blue sphere: dendritic macro-ion, red spheres: gold, red bars: ionic dye). As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
On the Cationic Polymerization of 2,2-Dimethyl-1,3-dioxole and 2,2-Diphenyl-1,3-dioxole (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOn the Cationic Polymerization of 2,2-Dimethyl-1,3-dioxole and 2,2-Diphenyl-1,3-dioxoleM. K. Akkapeddi and H. K. ReimschuesselCite this: Macromolecules 1979, 12, 5, 827–831Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma60071a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ma60071a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views227Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Molecular Characterization of Five Neutralizing Anti-HIV Type 1 Antibodies: Identification of Nonconventional D Segments in the Human Monoclonal Antibodies 2G12 and 2F5 (1998)

We have stabilized a panel of 33 hybridomas producing human monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against HIV-1 gp160 and p24. Five of these antibodies were able to neutralize different HIV-1 isolates, and two of them (2F5 and 2G12) revealed remarkable potential to neutralize primary virus isolates of different clades in several in vitro tests. To determine whether a structural basis for neutralization could be identified, we analyzed the antibodies at the molecular level. This study reports the primary nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the rearranged heavy and light chain V segments (VH, Vkappa) of the neutralizing MAbs (1B1, 1F7, 2F5, 2G12, and 3D5) and the nonneutralizing anti-gp41 MAb 3D6. Aligning the V segments with the nearest related germline genes illustrated the occurrence of somatic mutations. The neutralizing MAbs show mutational rates comparable to those of antibodies that appear in patients in whom the immune system is under constant antigenic pressure over a long period of time. In contrast, 3D6, which recognizes the immunodominant region on gp41, displays homologies as high as 97 and 98% compared with its VH and Vkappa germline genes. The diversity segments [D(H)] of 1B1, 1F7, 3D5, and 3D6 were assigned to single D(H) segments on the chromosomal D(H) locus. 2F5 presents a D(H) segment 52 nucleotides in length, which could be explained by fusion of two segments on the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus that have not yet been described as rearranged regions. 2G12 D(H) shows best homologies to a D(H) segment between D3-22 and D4-23. This D(H) segment could be the reason for the rare occurrence of antibodies competing with 2G12. Since this nearest related chromosomal region on the D(H) locus does not display recombination signals at the flanking regions, this segment is normally not taken into consideration as a site for immunoglobulin heavy chain rearrangement.
Soft-Dielectron Excess in Proton-Proton Collisions at s=13  TeV (2021)

A measurement of dielectron production in proton-proton (pp) collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV, recorded with the ALICE detector at the CERN LHC, is presented in this Letter. The data set was recorded with a reduced magnetic solenoid field. This enables the investigation of a kinematic domain at low dielectron (ee) invariant mass m_{ee} and pair transverse momentum p_{T,ee} that was previously inaccessible at the LHC. The cross section for dielectron production is studied as a function of m_{ee}, p_{T,ee}, and event multiplicity dN_{ch}/dη. The expected dielectron rate from hadron decays, called hadronic cocktail, utilizes a parametrization of the measured η/π^{0} ratio in pp and proton-nucleus collisions, assuming that this ratio shows no strong dependence on collision energy at low transverse momentum. Comparison of the measured dielectron yield to the hadronic cocktail at 0.15<m_{ee}<0.6 GeV/c^{2} and for p_{T,ee}<0.4 GeV/c indicates an enhancement of soft dielectrons, reminiscent of the "anomalous" soft-photon and soft-dilepton excess in hadron-hadron collisions reported by several experiments under different experimental conditions. The enhancement factor over the hadronic cocktail amounts to 1.61±0.13(stat)±0.17(syst,data)±0.34(syst,cocktail) in the ALICE acceptance. Acceptance-corrected excess spectra in m_{ee} and p_{T,ee} are extracted and compared with calculations of dielectron production from hadronic bremsstrahlung and thermal radiation within a hadronic many-body approach.
Machine Learning Predicts the 3D Outcomes of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Surgery Using Patient–Surgeon Specific Parameters (2020)

Both preoperative patient-specific and surgeon modifiable parameters predicted the 3D global spinal alignment at two-year post PSF. Surgeon was determined as a predictor of the outcomes despite including 20 factors in the analysis that described the surgical moves. Methods to quantify the differences between the implemented surgeon modifiable factors are essential to improve outcome prediction in AIS spinal surgery.Level of Evidence: 3.
Membrane isolation of repeated-use sweat stimulants for mitigating both direct dermal contact and sweat dilution (2018)

With the device integration of sweat stimulation, sweat becomes a stronger candidate for non-invasive continuous biochemical sensing. However, sweat stimulants are cholinergenic agents and non-selective to just the sweat glands, and so, direct placement of sweat stimulants poses additional challenges in the possibility for uncontrollable transport of the stimulant into the body and challenges in contamination of the sweat sample. Reported here is membrane isolation of repeated-use sweat stimulants for mitigating direct dermal contact, dilution of the sweat stimulant, and contamination of the sweat sample. The membrane dramatically reduces passive diffusion of the sweat stimulant carbachol by roughly two orders of magnitude, while still allowing repeated sweat stimulation by iontophoretic delivery of the carbachol through the membrane and into the skin. Both <i>in-vivo</i> and <i>in-vitro</i> validation reveal feasibility for reliable integration of sweat stimulants within a wearable device for use periods of 24 h or more. In addition, advanced topics and confounding issues such as stimulant gel design, osmotic pressure, and ionic impurities are speculatively and theoretically discussed.
User-interactive registration of bone with A-mode ultrasound (2005)

In this study, we investigated a registration technique based on a mechanically tracked A-mode ultrasound pointer for transcutaneous A-mode ultrasound pointer for transcutaneous, noninvasive palpation of bone surface. The principle has been exemplified for distal femur registration in total hip replacement surgery and has been evaluated in laboratory trials on a bone/soft-tissue model. Three different registration modes were demonstrated. Regarding clinical requirements, we constricted the areas of palpation to points and surfaces accessible through a minimal surgical portal in order to avoid additional trauma to soft tissue. Registration based solely on proximal surface points seems to be insufficient for clinical application. To avoid the invasive direct palpation of the condyles and epicondyles, we used the A-mode ultrasound pointer for noninvasive transcutaneous registration (Mode III). The resulting entire mean rms error was 0.59 mm (0.28/spl deg/), which is significantly better and more reliable than a registration exclusively in the proximal part of the femur. During the ultrasound registration process, the computer-based assistance tool gave visual feedback to the user to guide the alignment of the transducer's beam axis to be perpendicular to the local bone surface. After five iterations, the final angle error of this approximation was in the range of /spl plusmn/2 degree and generally influenced by the contribution of the discretization angle error /spl Phi//sub DIS/. Based on the consideration of the thickness of the soft-tissue and the geometry of the ultrasound probe, it is suggested that this is a sufficient accuracy in order to ensure a reliable ultrasound-based digitization of the bone surface. The overall mean registration time using A-mode ultrasound, including palpation, and matching, seems to be tolerable. The algorithm and interface for user-interactive A-mode ultrasound-based registration seem to provide efficient support for robust and accurate registration.
“Dry Eye” Is the Wrong Diagnosis for Millions (2015)

The clinical perspective that dry eye is, at best, an incomplete diagnosis and the benefit of an etiology-based approach to dry eye are presented. To provide context for this perspective, the historical and current definition of dry eye is reviewed. The paradigm shift introduced by the Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (MGD) Workshop, that MGD is likely the leading cause of dry eye, is discussed in combination with the advancements in the diagnosis and treatment of MGD. To facilitate discussion on the benefit of an etiology-based approach, a retrospective observational analysis was performed on deidentified data from eligible, fully consented, refractory dry eye patients, where conventional sequelae-based dry eye treatment had failed. In this refractory population, the diagnosis of MGD, which directed treatment to evacuating gland obstructions and rehabilitating gland function, was successful. The clinical perspective that "dry eye" is the wrong diagnosis for millions is provocative. However, the MGD-first approach has the potential to revolutionize the timing of diagnosis and the choice of frontline therapy in most patients with dry eye. Additionally, the ability to screen for MGD in its earliest stages, during routine care, expands the scope of clinical practice to include early intervention. For most patients, we are no longer constrained to delay diagnosis until the tear film has decompensated and the cascade of inflammation has ensued. We do not have to wait for our patients to tell us there is a problem.
Selective Allosteric Inhibition of MMP9 Is Efficacious in Preclinical Models of Ulcerative Colitis and Colorectal Cancer (2015)

Expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) is elevated in a variety of inflammatory and oncology indications, including ulcerative colitis and colorectal cancer. MMP9 is a downstream effector and an upstream mediator of pathways involved in growth and inflammation, and has long been viewed as a promising therapeutic target. However, previous efforts to target matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), including MMP9, have utilized broad-spectrum or semi-selective inhibitors. While some of these drugs showed signs of efficacy in patients, all MMP-targeted inhibitors have been hampered by dose-limiting toxicity or insufficient clinical benefit, likely due to their lack of specificity. Here, we show that selective inhibition of MMP9 did not induce musculoskeletal syndrome (a characteristic toxicity of pan-MMP inhibitors) in a rat model, but did reduce disease severity in a dextran sodium sulfate-induced mouse model of ulcerative colitis. We also found that MMP9 inhibition decreased tumor growth and metastases incidence in a surgical orthotopic xenograft model of colorectal carcinoma, and that inhibition of either tumor- or stroma-derived MMP9 was sufficient to reduce primary tumor growth. Collectively, these data suggest that selective MMP9 inhibition is a promising therapeutic strategy for treatment of inflammatory and oncology indications in which MMP9 is upregulated and is associated with disease pathology, such as ulcerative colitis and colorectal cancer. In addition, we report the development of a potent and highly selective allosteric MMP9 inhibitor, the humanized monoclonal antibody GS-5745, which can be used to evaluate the therapeutic potential of MMP9 inhibition in patients.
Picture compression based on two-dimensional adaptive sampling and adaptive quantization (1991)

A simple and universal technique is presented for compressing digital still pictures consisting of both graphics and natural images, each very different in nature. It is based on a nonseparable, two-dimensional, adaptive resampling scheme combined with adaptive quantization of the color intensity values. We show that the new method we propose encodes edges with high accuracy while compressing uniform regions with minimal contouring effects. A generalization of the concept yielding a modified quadtree-based coding scheme perfectly suited for two-dimensional data compression is also included. Finally, compression criteria that allow minimization of both the encoding time and the hardware complexity in the encoder is discussed.
Interreaction between Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ and a CaO-Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ melt (1984)

Polycrystalline and single-crystalline ..cap alpha..-alumina were reacted with a eutectic CaO-Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ melt at 1530/sup 0/C. A reaction zone develops in which a strongly textured Ca/sub 6/ layer, as well as a Ca/sub 2/ layer, forms, with a remaining layer of unreacted CaOAl/sub 2/O/sub 3/ melt. Silica, an impurity in the ..cap alpha..-alumina, is rejected by the advancing Ca/sub 6/ phase and accumulates as calcium aluminosilicates in channels that assist in the reaction as fast transport paths. Reaction mechanisms and welding are briefly discussed.
Entity Aware Modelling: A Survey (2023)

Personalized prediction of responses for individual entities caused by external drivers is vital across many disciplines. Recent machine learning (ML) advances have led to new state-of-the-art response prediction models. Models built at a population level often lead to sub-optimal performance in many personalized prediction settings due to heterogeneity in data across entities (tasks). In personalized prediction, the goal is to incorporate inherent characteristics of different entities to improve prediction performance. In this survey, we focus on the recent developments in the ML community for such entity-aware modeling approaches. ML algorithms often modulate the network using these entity characteristics when they are readily available. However, these entity characteristics are not readily available in many real-world scenarios, and different ML methods have been proposed to infer these characteristics from the data. In this survey, we have organized the current literature on entity-aware modeling based on the availability of these characteristics as well as the amount of training data. We highlight how recent innovations in other disciplines, such as uncertainty quantification, fairness, and knowledge-guided machine learning, can improve entity-aware modeling.
Luminance contrast thresholds in patients with amblyopia under monocular and dichoptic viewing (2015)

Purpose: We investigated whether simply opening the fellow eye triggers suppression of the amblyopic eye or whether stimulation of the fellow fixing eye is required for suppression. Methods: We measured luminance contrast thresholds either for the amblyopic eye or fellow fixing eye using a haploscope. A square frame was presented to each eye to aid binocular fusion. In experiment 1, two gratings appeared within diagonal quadrants (e.g. top-left and bottom-right) of one eye. The other eye was either occluded with an eye patch or viewed a black background. In experiment 2, two gratings appeared within the diagonal quadrants of one eye and another two gratings were shown to the opposite quadrants of the other eye. One pair of gratings were the targets to detect and the other pair were dichoptic maskers. Results and Discussion: A two-way ANOVA with factors of eye and patching was conducted on the thresholds from experiment 1. Although thresholds were significantly higher for the amblyopic eye than for the fellow fixing eye, the difference was relatively small. This could be due to the low spatial frequency of the gratings. The effect of patching and the interaction were not significant. That is, thresholds for the amblyopic eye were only minimally elevated when the eye patch was removed from the fellow fixing eye. On the other hand, the patients exhibited much higher thresholds when the dichoptic masker gratings were presented in experiment 2. These results suggest that just opening both eyes is not sufficient to elicit strong suppression of the amblyopic eye and that dichoptic stimulation is required to trigger suppression. Furthermore, the suppression was not confined to the quadrants that contained the masks but extended to the quadrants containing the targets. This suggests the presence of long-range suppressive interactions within the amblyopic visual cortex. Meeting abstract presented at VSS 2015
Characterization of Antioxidant Capacity from Fruits with Distinct Anthocyanin Biosynthetic Pathways (2012)

The antioxidant capacity of individual anthocyanins is well established. Less information is available however, about the relative contribution to which specific anthocyanins in a complex mixture affect total antioxidant capacity in different soft fruit sources; especially those that share a similar pathway for anthocyanin synthesis. The objectives of this work were to compare the antioxidant capacity of two different soft fruits, blackcurrant and grape, which share similarities in anthocyanin biosynthetic pathways but are composed of distinctly different anthocyanin profiles. Anthocyanin composition profiles of grape and blackcurrant were characterized by High Performance Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (HPLC). ORAC (Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity) and ABTS (2,2’-azinobis 3-ethylbenzothiazoline- 6-sulfonic acid) assays were used for antioxidant activity quantification. An anthocyanin antioxidant capacity index (AACI) was derived from the product of antioxidant (ORAC) activity for each of major anthocyanins present in blackcurrant and grape, and the sum of anthocyanins recovered from purified fruit extracts to determine the extent that the total antioxidant activity derived from different anthocyanin combinations. Blackcurrant contained four predominant anthocyanins, cyanidin3-glucoside (Cy3G), delphinidin3-glucoside (Dp3G), cyanidin3-rutinoside (Cy3R), and delphinidin3- rutinoside (Dp3R). Major anthocyanins found in grape were malvidin3-glucoside (Mv3G), Dp3G, Cy3G, petunidin3-glucoside (Pt3G), and peonidin3-glucoside (Pn3G). A greater (p<0.05) total antioxidant capacity existed for blackcurrant compared to grape when measured by ORAC and ABTS methods. An antioxidant synergy was confirmed for blackcurrant and wind grape thus indicating that this phenomenon is a factor for characterizing total antioxidant activity in both blackcurrant and wine grape.
Increased life expectancy of world class male athletes (1993)

SARNA, S., T. SAHI, M. KOSKENVUO, and J. KAPRIO. Increased life expectancy of world class male athletes. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 237–244, 1993. Reliable data are scanty on the incidence of chronic diseases and life expectancy (LE) of highly trained athletes. We therefore studied Finnish male world class athletes to estimate the LE of athletes. Finnish team members in the Olympic games, World or European championships or intercountry competitions during 1920–1965 in track and field athletics, cross-country skiing, soccer, ice hockey, basketball, boxing, wrestling, weight lifting, and shooting were included (N = 2613 men). The reference cohort, 1712 men, was selected from the Finnish Defence Forces conscription register matched on age and area of residence. All referents were classified completely healthy at the time of induction to military service. The stratified Kaplan-Meier product limit method and the Cox proportional hazards model were used to estimate the life expectancies and the mortality odds ratios (OR) and their confidence limits. The mean LE adjusted for occupational group, marital status, and the age at entry to the cohort (and its 95% confidence limits) was in endurance-sports (long distance running and cross-country skiing) 75.6 (73.6, 77.5) yr; in team games (soccer, ice hockey, basketball, as well as jumpers and short-distance runners from track and field (73.9 (72.7, 75.1) yr; in power sports (boxing, wrestling, weight lifting, and throwers from field athletics) 71.5 (70.4, 72.2) yr; and in the reference group 69.9 (69.0, 70.9) yr. The increased mean life expectancies were mainly explained by decreased cardio-vascular mortality (endurance sports mortality odds ratio OR = 0.49 (95% CL 0.26, 0.93), team sports OR = 0.61 (0.61, 0.92) compared with referents). For maximum life span no differences between the groups were observed. Selected data from a life-style questionnaire study indicate that the former athletes surviving until 1985 had a healthier and physically more active life style than the referents.
A host for the water dimer (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA host for the water dimerPhilip J. Dutton, Frank R. Fronczek, Thomas M. Fyles, and Richard D. GandourCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 24, 8984–8985Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00180a056https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00180a056research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views102Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts