gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Copper Chloride-Catalyzed and Hydrochloric Acid-Mediated Chemoselective Protiodestannylations of Alkyl (Z)- or (E)-2,3-Bis(trimethylstannyl)-2-alkenoates. Stereoselective Preparation of Alkyl (E)- and (Z)-3-Trimethylstannyl-2-alkenoates (1997)

Treatment of alkyl (Z)-2,3-bis(trimethylstannyl)-2-alkenoates (7) with a catalytic amount of copper(I) chloride in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) containing a small quantity of water provides very good-to-excellent yields of alkyl (E)-3-trimethylstannyl-2-alkenoates (1). On the other hand, stirring of solutions of alkyl (Z)- (7) or (E)-2,3-bis(trimethylstannyl)-2-alkenoates (8) in DMF containing dilute hydrochloric acid produces, efficiently, alkyl (Z)-3-trimethylstannyl-2-alkenoates (2).
Auto-resonant Control of the H-Bridge Resonant Converter for Inductive Power Transfer Applications (2020)

In inductive power transfer applications that use resonant compensation networks, the commonly employed H-bridge inverter should be kept operating in soft-switching to ensure high power efficiency and low irradiated electromagnetic noise. To achieve so, the zero-crossing detection circuit for the resonant current or voltage must be fast and accurate in any operating condition. This paper researches the concept of an auto-resonant control for the typical H-bridge resonant converter used in wireless charging systems. In the method proposed here, the reference levels for the zero-crossing detection of the inverter's current are automatically adapted depending on the slope of the current itself at the zero-crossing. In this way, it is possible to compensate for the circuit delay even in the presence of parameters' variation and to ensure that the soft-switching is always maintained. The functionality of this control method is proven first mathematically, and then with circuit simulations. The core steps for the implementation are described with the support of functional blocks. Finally, the system start-up strategy is explained, which uses an auxiliary timed oscillator to modulate the inverter with a fixed 50% duty cycle at a higher frequency than the nominal. This guarantees that the start-up is in the inductive region and, thus, the zero-voltage switching turn-on. Once the detection circuits sense the current flow, the oscillator is automatically disabled, and the nominal power transfer starts.
Long-Term Expression of Human Adenosine Deaminase in Mice after Transplantation of Bone Marrow Infected with Amphotropic Retroviral Vectors (1990)

Three retroviral vectors, containing a human adenosine deaminase (ADA) cDNA linked to either the simian virus 40 (SV40) early promoter, the human cytomegalovirus (CMV) immediate early promoter, or the Moloney murine leukemia virus (MoMLV) promoter, were tested for their ability to express ADA following infection and transplantation of murine bone marrow. Virus was produced by using PA317 amphotropic retrovirus packaging cells. The titer of each of the vectors was similar and no helper virus was detected. Human ADA was expressed in the blood of some animals for 6 months after transplantation of infected marrow, and vector DNA was found in the spleen and in bone marrow from these animals. The percentage of animals expressing human ADA (33%) and the amount of human ADA in blood (1-5% of total ADA) was similar for each of the vectors. These results show that amphotropic vectors are capable of infecting pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells having long-term repopulating ability, and that a variety of promoters allow gene expression following differentiation of these early cells.
Constraints on the substellar companions in wide orbits around the Barnard's Star from CanariCam mid-infrared imaging (2015)

We have performed mid-infrared imaging of Barnard's Star, one of the nearest stars to the Sun, using CanariCam on the 10.4 m Gran Telescopio Canarias. We aim to investigate an area within 1–10 arcsec separations, which for the 1.83 pc distance of the star translates to projected orbital separations of 1.8–18 au (&lt;it&gt;P&lt;/it&gt; &gt; 12 yr), which have not been explored yet with astrometry or radial velocity programs. It is therefore an opportunity to enter the domain of distances where most giant planets are expected to form. We performed deep imaging in the &lt;it&gt;N&lt;/it&gt;-band window (Si-2 filter, 8.7 μm) reaching a 3σ detection limit of 0.85 ± 0.18 mJy and angular resolution of 0.24 arcsec, close to the diffraction limit of the telescope at this wavelength. A total of 80 min on-source integration time data were collected and combined for the deepest image. We achieved a dynamical range of 8.0 ± 0.1 mag in the 8.7 μm band, at angular separations from ∼2 to 10 arcsec and of ∼6–8 mag at 1–2 arcsec. No additional sources were found. Our detectability limits provide further constraints to the presence of substellar companions of the Barnard's Star. According to solar metallicity evolutionary models, we can exclude companions of masses larger than 15 &lt;it&gt;M&lt;/it&gt;&lt;inf&gt;Jup&lt;/inf&gt; (&lt;it&gt;T&lt;/it&gt;&lt;inf&gt;eff&lt;/inf&gt; &gt; 400 K), ages of a few Gyr, and located in ∼3.6–18 au orbits with a 3σ confidence level. This minimum mass is approximately 5 &lt;it&gt;M&lt;/it&gt;&lt;inf&gt;Jup&lt;/inf&gt; smaller than any previous imaging survey that explored the surroundings of Barnard's Star could restrict.
Measurement of the CP Violation Parameter AΓ in D0→K+K− and D0→π+π− Decays (2017)

Asymmetries in the time-dependent rates of D^{0}→K^{+}K^{-} and D^{0}→π^{+}π^{-} decays are measured in a pp collision data sample collected with the LHCb detector during LHC Run 1, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3 fb^{-1}. The asymmetries in effective decay widths between D^{0} and D[over ¯]^{0} decays, sensitive to indirect CP violation, are measured to be A_{Γ}(K^{+}K^{-})=(-0.30±0.32±0.10)×10^{-3} and A_{Γ}(π^{+}π^{-})=(0.46±0.58±0.12)×10^{-3}, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. These measurements show no evidence for CP violation and improve on the precision of the previous best measurements by nearly a factor of two.
Human (α2→6) and Avian (α2→3) Sialylated Receptors of Influenza A Virus Show Distinct Conformations and Dynamics in Solution (2013)

Differential interactions between influenza A virus protein hemagglutinin (HA) and α2→3 (avian) or α2→6 (human) sialylated glycan receptors play an important role in governing host specificity and adaptation of the virus. Previous analysis of HA–glycan interactions with trisaccharides showed that, in addition to the terminal sialic acid linkage, the conformation and topology of the glycans, while they are bound to HA, are key factors in regulating these interactions. Here, the solution conformation and dynamics of two representative avian and human glycan pentasaccharide receptors [LSTa, Neu5Ac-α(2→3)-Gal-β(1→3)-GlcNAc-β(1→3)-Gal-β(1→4)-Glc; LSTc, (Neu5Ac-α(2→6)-Gal-β(1→4)-GlcNAc-β(1→3)-Gal-β(1→4)-Glc] have been explored using nuclear magnetic resonance and molecular dynamics simulation. Analyses demonstrate that, in solution, human and avian receptors sample distinct conformations, topologies, and dynamics. These unique features of avian and human receptors in solution could represent distinct molecular characteristics for recognition by HA, thereby providing the HA–glycan interaction specificity in influenza.
Redistributing Ground Reaction Forces During Squatting Using a Cable-Driven Robotic Device (2022)

Squatting is a dynamic task that is often done for strengthening and improving balance. Most squat training systems partially support body weight. However, one of the benefits of a squat exercise is efficiently distributing the body weight among the feet while maintaining stability. Several studies have shown how squatting and redistributing body weight among the feet can improve balance. The goals of this study are: (i) to show a robotic device that is transparent for studying human behavior during the squatting task, (ii) to investigate how ground reaction forces can be altered among the feet by applying a pelvic force during squatting. Seven able bodied adults underwent three squat conditions, squatting eight times per test. The first two conditions are a baseline set of squats followed by the third condition where participants received a constant lateral force on their pelvis. We use a cable-driven Robotic Upright Stand Trainer, RobUST, to deliver the lateral force on a pelvic belt. The lateral force was 5% of participants' body weight. Results show that a lateral force on the pelvis can significantly redistribute participants' ground reaction forces by increasing the symmetry index from 11.2% to 35.7% and increasing the lateral center of pressure amplitude from.07 to 0.18. The results also show that the pelvic lateral force did not add variability to the natural squat motion between repetitions, as measured by the coefficient of variability. These results are promising for future squat training paradigms to redistribute ground reaction forces and encourage specific weight distribution patterns.
Lyapunov Function-Based Current Controller to Control Active and Reactive Power Flow From a Renewable Energy Source to a Generalized Three-Phase Microgrid System (2012)

In this paper, a novel current control technique, implemented in the a–b–c frame, for a three-phase inverter is proposed to control the active and reactive power flow from the renewable energy source to a three-phase generalized microgrid system. The proposed control system not only controls the grid power flow but also reduces the grid current total harmonic distortion in the presence of typical nonlinear loads. The control system shapes the grid current taking into account the grid voltage unbalance, harmonics as well as unbalance in line side inductors. The stability of the control system is ensured by the direct method of Lyapunov. A SRC is also proposed to improve the performance of the current controller by estimating the periodic disturbances of the system. The proposed control system (implemented digitally) provides superior performance over the conventional multiple proportional-integral and proportional-resonant control methods due to the absence of the PARK's transformation blocks as well as phase lock loop requirement in the control structure. A new inverter modeling technique is also presented to take care of unbalances both in grid voltages and line side inductors. Experimental results are provided to show the efficacy of the proposed control system.
Chirality in Coordination Compounds (1994)

Alfred Werner conjectured as early as 1899 that octahedrally coordinated metal complexes should occur in nonidentical mirror image isomers. For such objects, Lord Kelvin, in 1893, had coined the adjective "chiral", a term never used by Werner. It can be proved by examination of the original sample of [Co(NO2)2(en)2]Br, prepared by Edith Humphrey, a Ph.D. student of Werner's, that crystals of optically pure samples were obtained in Werner's laboratory as early as 1899 or 1900. However, Werner did not publish the first successful resolution of an octahedral metal complex until 1911. Presently, interest in chirality in coordination compounds is booming, mainly because of the importance of coordination compounds in enantioselective homogeneous catalysis. Other interesting applications are enantioselective interactions of chiral coordination species with biomolecules, and the stereoselective synthesis of multicenter systems.
A survey of attack and defense techniques for reputation systems (2009)

Reputation systems provide mechanisms to produce a metric encapsulating reputation for a given domain for each identity within the system. These systems seek to generate an accurate assessment in the face of various factors including but not limited to unprecedented community size and potentially adversarial environments. We focus on attacks and defense mechanisms in reputation systems. We present an analysis framework that allows for the general decomposition of existing reputation systems. We classify attacks against reputation systems by identifying which system components and design choices are the targets of attacks. We survey defense mechanisms employed by existing reputation systems. Finally, we analyze several landmark systems in the peer-to-peer domain, characterizing their individual strengths and weaknesses. Our work contributes to understanding (1) which design components of reputation systems are most vulnerable, (2) what are the most appropriate defense mechanisms and (3) how these defense mechanisms can be integrated into existing or future reputation systems to make them resilient to attacks.
Secure Key Exchange and Transmission Design Using Artificial Noise Injection in OFDM Systems (2022)

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is such a vital waveform scheme that is utilized in fifth-generation (5G) communication systems as well as the previous one. Since the usage scenarios of 5G are quite wide, the security of those systems is currently an open and critical issue. In this paper, a promising paradigm is proposed for enhancing physical layer (PHY) security in OFDM systems. Two independent secret keys are extracted by legitimate users quantizing the channel measurements. Those key sequences are exchanged via a novel artificial noise (AN) injection method which does not result in a key mismatch. Bit error rate (BER) versus signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) performance of the adversary is still low even if the malicious node has better channel than the legitimate user. After agreement upon the same key, both legitimate parties directly employ key sequence and inter-carrier interference matrix caused by the local oscillators to produce a secrecy matrix. This matrix enables secure communication by inserting it into the transmission design.
Studies on orally active cephalosporins. II. Synthesis and structure-activity relations of new ((E) or (Z) 3-substituted carbamoyloxy)-1-propenyl cephalosporins. (1994)

In an effort to find a new oral cephalosporin with well-balanced antibacterial spectrum, good oral absorbability and long plasma half-life, a series of oxyimino aminothiazolyl 3-[(E)- or (Z)-N-substituted carbamoyloxy]propenyl cephems was synthesized and evaluated for antibacterial activity and oral absorbability. The substituents of the carbamoyloxy group affected their in vitro activity and bioavailability after oral administration of their pivaloyloxymethyl esters at the C-4 position. The compound possessing an N,N-dimethylcarbamoyloxy moiety at the C-3 position showed good oral absorption and well-balanced antibacterial activity. In this report, the structure-activity relationships and the structure-oral absorbability relationships of 3-(N-substituted carbamoyloxy)-propenyl cephems are described.
Convergence properties of solitary tract neurones driven synaptically by cardiac vagal afferents in the mouse (1998)

1. Cardiac vagal receptors are chemically and/or mechanically sensitive but it is unknown if this information is preserved centrally within the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS). The present study had two aims: first, to investigate qualitatively whether both mechanically and chemically sensitive cardiac vagal encoding were preserved within the NTS, and second, to determine the patterns of convergence from other cardiorespiratory afferents to NTS neurones receiving cardiac vagal inputs. 2. The extracellular activity of single NTS neurones was investigated during stimulation of both chemically and mechanically sensitive cardiac vagal receptors in a working heart-brainstem preparation of mouse. Chemically sensitive cardiac receptors were stimulated using intra-left ventricular injections of either veratridine (1-3 microg kg-1), bradykinin (0.25-1 microg) or prostaglandin E2 (100-200 ng), whereas the left ventricle was distended to activate cardiac mechanoreceptors. 3. Forty-three NTS neurones were activated both synaptically by electrical stimulation of the ipsilateral vagus nerve (latency, 35 +/- 3 ms), and by intra-left ventricular injection of veratridine and also, in some cases, by bradykinin and/or PGE2. These NTS neurones were delineated into two populations based on their response to left ventricular distension and convergence properties. Left ventricular distension-insensitive neurones (n = 30) were excited by stimulation of carotid body chemoreceptors (81 %) but not arterial baroreceptors (3 %; i.e. n = 1 neurone), whereas distension-sensitive cells (n = 13) were activated mainly by baroreceptors (86 %) rather than peripheral chemoreceptors (14 %; i.e. n = 1 neurone). 4. The data reveal two distinct populations of NTS neurones receiving cardiac vagal inputs: (a) cells responsive to veratridine stimulation only, and (b) neurones activated by both veratridine and mechanical stimuli. The specific convergence pattern of baroreceptors and chemoreceptors to these cardioreceptive NTS neurones is discussed in relation to a common afferent modality integration within the NTS.
Time-dependent reactive scattering in the presence of narrow resonances: Avoiding long propagation times (1991)

Time-dependent scattering is extended to systems possessing narrow resonances. At short times the wave function is integrated directly, and at late times the wave function is expanded in terms of the slowly decaying (complex) resonance eigenfunctions of the Hamiltonian, Ψ(X,t)≂Σn ane−iεnt−Γ nt/2Φn(X). The slowly decaying eigenfunctions are easily found via a short-time filterization approach adapted from bound-state studies, in which a random wave packet is filtered at various energies and the resulting vectors are then diagonalized. The method is exemplified for collinear reactions of H+H2, where it halves the propagation time.
Non-Parametric Distributed Quantization-Estimation Using Wireless Sensor Networks (2006)

Wireless sensor networks deployed to perform surveillance and monitoring tasks have to operate under stringent energy and bandwidth limitations. These motivate well distributed estimation scenarios where sensors quantize and transmit only one, or a few bits per observation, for use in forming parameter estimators of interest. In a companion paper, we developed algorithms and studied interesting tradeoffs that emerge even in the simplest distributed setup of estimating a scalar location parameter in the presence of zero-mean additive white Gaussian noise of known variance. Herein, we derive distributed estimators based on binary observations along with their error-variance performance for unknown noise pdfs.
An adaptive low-complexity coherence-based beamformer (2013)

This paper presents an adaptive coherence-based beamforming algorithm that enhances a target speech signal from an arbitrary direction of arrival (DOA) in the azimuthal plane, while localising and suppressing the interfering speech signal and noise from other directions. In these complex noisy acoustic environments, spatially selective speech enhancement schemes provide significant advantages over single channel enhancement methods. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves considerable improvement in Perceptual Evaluation of Speech Quality (PESQ). Moreover, the proposed algorithm is directly suited for real-time implementation.
Virtual Special Issue: Epigenetics 2022 (2022)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEEditorialNEXTVirtual Special Issue: Epigenetics 2022Courtney C. AldrichCourtney C. AldrichMore by Courtney C. Aldrichhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9261-594X, Félix CalderónFélix CalderónMore by Félix Calderónhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0486-6883, Stuart J. ConwayStuart J. ConwayMore by Stuart J. Conwayhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5148-117X, Chuan HeChuan HeMore by Chuan Hehttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4319-7424, Jacob M. HookerJacob M. HookerMore by Jacob M. Hookerhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9394-7708, Donna M. HurynDonna M. HurynMore by Donna M. Hurynhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5542-4968, Craig W. LindsleyCraig W. LindsleyMore by Craig W. Lindsleyhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0168-1445, Dennis C. LiottaDennis C. LiottaMore by Dennis C. Liottahttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7736-7113, and Christa E. MüllerChrista E. MüllerMore by Christa E. Müllerhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0013-6624Cite this: ACS Infect. Dis. 2022, 8, 10, 1975–1980Publication Date (Web):September 8, 2022Publication History Received22 August 2022Published online8 September 2022Published inissue 14 October 2022https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00434https://doi.org/10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00434editorialACS PublicationsCopyright © Published 2022 by American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views1136Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (1 MB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Genetics,Infectious diseases,Inhibitors,Medicinal chemistry,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
Successful Radiofrequency Ablation of a Slow Atrioventricular Nodal Pathway on the Left Posterior Atrial Septum (1999)

RF catheter ablation is highly effective in eliminating atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia by targeting the slow pathway in the posteroinferior part of Koch's triangle in the right atrium. We report here a patient in whom "slow-fast" atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia was eliminated only by ablation of the slow pathway in the left atrial posteroseptal region at the level of the mitral annulus after unsuccessful attempts at the traditional site on the right side.