gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nanoplasmonic pillars engineered for single exosome detection (2018)

Exosomes are secreted nanovesicles which incorporate proteins and nucleic acids, thereby enabling multifunctional pathways for intercellular communication. There is an increasing appreciation of the critical role they play in fundamental processes such as development, wound healing and disease progression, yet because of their heterogeneous molecular content and low concentrations in vivo, their detection and characterization remains a challenge. In this work we combine nano- and microfabrication techniques for the creation of nanosensing arrays tailored toward single exosome detection. Elliptically-shaped nanoplasmonic sensors are fabricated to accommodate at most one exosome and individually imaged in real time, enabling the label-free recording of digital responses in a highly multiplexed geometry. This approach results in a three orders of magnitude sensitivity improvement over previously reported real-time, multiplexed platforms. Each nanosensor is elevated atop a quartz nanopillar, minimizing unwanted nonspecific substrate binding contributions. The approach is validated with the detection of exosomes secreted by MCF7 breast adenocarcinoma cells. We demonstrate the increasingly digital and stochastic nature of the response as the number of subsampled nanosensors is reduced from four hundred to one.
Oxidative Decomposition of Methanol on Subnanometer Palladium Clusters: The Effect of Catalyst Size and Support Composition (2010)

Size and support effects in the oxidative decomposition of methanol on amorphous alumina supported subnanometer palladium clusters were studied under realistic reaction conditions of pressure and temperature. The smaller Pd8−12 clusters were found to promote the decomposition channel to CO and hydrogen, however with mediocre activity due to poisoning. The larger Pd15−18 clusters preferentially produce dimethyl ether and formaldehyde, without signs of posioning. A thin titania overcoat applied on the Pd15−18 improves the sintering-resistance of the catalyst. Accompanying density functional calculations confirm the posioning of small Pd clusters by CO.
Network Error Correction With Unequal Link Capacities (2011)

This paper studies the capacity of single-source single-sink noiseless networks under adversarial or arbitrary errors on no more than <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">z</i> edges. Unlike prior papers, which assume equal capacities on all links, arbitrary link capacities are considered. Results include new upper bounds, network error-correction coding strategies, and examples of network families where our bounds are tight. An example is provided of a network where the capacity is 50% greater than the best rate that can be achieved with linear coding. While coding at the source and sink suffices in networks with equal link capacities, in networks with unequal link capacities, it is shown that intermediate nodes may have to do coding, nonlinear error detection, or error correction in order to achieve the network error-correction capacity.
Frontispiece: Development of high efficiency 255–355 nm AlGaN‐based light‐emitting diodes (Phys. Status Solidi A 7/2011) (2011)

Development of high efficiency 255–355 nm AlGaN-based light-emitting diodes Improving the performance of ultraviolet (UV) light emitting diodes (LEDs) will allow their use in a wide range of applications including air and water purification, surface disinfection, UV curing, and so on. The article by Cyril Pernot et al. on pp. 1594–1596 presents the performance of AlGaN-based flip-chip LEDs grown on high quality AlGaN templates with sapphire substrate. External quantum efficiencies over 3% were obtained for wavelength ranging from 255 to 355 nm, with maximum value reaching 5.1% for 280 nm LED. In addition, under 500 mA dc operation – output powers of 38, 77, and 64 mW were measured for 257, 280, and 354 nm, respectively. Those values are expected to increase by up to 50% when using enhanced light extraction technologies. The photograph above shows a reliability test of UV LEDs mounted on TO-5 without heat sink. The devices were tested at 60 mA dc and the light output power remained over 80% of initial value after 1000 hours.
Determination of the Three-Dimensional Structure of CC Chemokine Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 3 by1H Two-Dimensional NMR Spectroscopy (1997)

MCP-3 is a beta chemokine consisting of 76 amino acid residues. It has been described to be involved in the activation of all leukocytic cells, activation mediated by the presence of multiple binding sites on the target cells. Its three-dimensional structure has been studied by making use of two-dimensional 1H NMR spectroscopy. MCP-3 exhibits the same monomeric structure as the other chemokines, i.e., a three-stranded antiparallel beta sheet covered on one face by an alpha helix. Although it belongs to the same subfamily as RANTES (Chung et al., 1995; Faitbrother et al., 1994) and hMIP-1beta (Lodi et al., 1994), the MCP-3 dimer is folded like IL-8 with the so-called alphabeta sandwich structural motif. Structural and sequence analysis gives clear indications suggesting that the other MCP chemokines may have the same quaternary structure, contrary to the other beta chemokines.
Synthesis and Anionic Ring-Opening Polymerization Behavior of Amino Acid-Derived Cyclic Carbonates (2001)

Synthesis and anionic ring-opening polymerization of l-serine (Ser)- and l-threonine (Thr)-based cyclic carbonates, (2-oxo[1,3]dioxan-5-yl)carbamic acid benzyl ester (Z-S-CC), (4-methyl-2-oxo[1,3]dioxan-5-yl)carbamic acid benzyl ester (Z-T-CC), and (4-methyl-2-oxo[1,3]dioxan-5-yl)carbamic acid tert-butyl ester (Boc-T-CC), were examined. The monomers were synthesized by reaction of triphosgene with the corresponding diols obtained by reduction of N-benzyloxycarbonyl-l-serine (Z-Ser), N-benzyloxycarbonyl-l-threonine (Z-Thr), and N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-l-threonine (Boc-Thr). Their ring-opening polymerizations were carried out with tert-BuOK, tert-BuOLi, and n-BuLi as initiators (2−10 mol %) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) at −78 to −30 °C for 1 h to obtain the corresponding polycarbonates. Poly(Z-T-CC) and poly(Boc-T-CC) showed inverted specific rotations with respective to the monomers. The small increase of the absolute values suggested the absence of higher-order structures. The polymers showed three different diads in the ratio of 1:8:1, which agreed well with the value expected from the equimolar reaction of the monomer with tert-BuOK. The polymers underwent cleavage of the Z and Boc groups by hydrogenation and acid treatment, respectively to afford the corresponding polycarbonates with free amino groups.
The PANDA system architecture-a pico-kernel approach (2002)

The goal of PANDA is to provide an environment for parallel and distributed programming in C++. The system architecture consists of a small operating system kernel, and a runtime package located in user space. The concepts of PANDA are outlined with the focus on the system architecture.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
DBCG-IMN: A Population-Based Cohort Study on the Effect of Internal Mammary Node Irradiation in Early Node-Positive Breast Cancer (2015)

In this naturally allocated, population-based cohort study, IMNI increased overall survival in patients with early-stage node-positive breast cancer.
A Core-Shell Nanowire Platform for Silicon Photonics (2017)

Core-shell nanowires are versatile optoelectronic devices that can serve as light emitters, detectors, and modulators. Here we offer a high-performance low-cost platform for heterogeneous photonic integrated circuits on silicon based on such nanowires.
Configuration of mandibular canal in relation to endodontics (2013)

As more and more posterior teeth are being saved endodontically, the complications have become a matter of concern to the endodontists. Paraesthesia has been reported as a major complication during surgical and non-surgical endodontic therapy in mandibular posterior teeth. This is due to injury to the contents of the mandibular canal which has a close anatomic relationship with the root apices of the mandibular posterior teeth. Injury may be due to the neurotoxic effects of the root canal cements or over instrumentation or over filling.
Robust Management of Distributed Energy Resources for Microgrids with Renewables (2012)

Due to its reduced communication overhead and robustness to failures, distributed energy management is of paramount importance in smart grids, especially in microgrids, which feature distributed generation (DG) and distributed storage (DS). Distributed economic dispatch for a microgrid with high renewable energy penetration and demand-side management operating in grid-connected mode is considered in this paper. To address the intrinsically stochastic availability of renewable energy sources (RES), a novel power scheduling approach is introduced. The approach involves the actual renewable energy as well as the energy traded with the main grid, so that the supply-demand balance is maintained. The optimal scheduling strategy minimizes the microgrid net cost, which includes DG and DS costs, utility of dispatchable loads, and worst-case transaction cost stemming from the uncertainty in RES. Leveraging the dual decomposition, the optimization problem formulated is solved in a distributed fashion by the local controllers of DG, DS, and dispatchable loads. Numerical results are reported to corroborate the effectiveness of the novel approach.
Combined adaptive controlled PRML signal processing for high-density optical disk (2003)

The combined adaptive controlled PRML signal processing was newly developed. The new method is a combination of the adaptive controlled FIR filter and the adaptive controlled Viterbi decoder. The adaptive controlled Viterbi decoder was operated under the condition that the Viterbi decoder is controlled such that the unity gain is kept. We report the simulation results, which are evaluated using signal asymmetry margin and tangential tilt margin to verify the effectiveness of this method expanding the margins. The combined adaptive controlled PRML signal processor is effective for these signal tolerances. Furthermore, the experimental results confirm the simulated effectiveness for expanding the tangential tilt margin. Consequently, a new method of combined adaptive controlled PRML signal processing is effective in reducing the deteriorations of data detection for high-density optical disk.
CONTROLLED INHIBITION OF BREAKDOWN EFFECTS IN ELECTROCHEMICAL ETCHING OF SILICON AND ITS USE TO PREPARATION OF HIERARCHICAL NETWORKS OF OUT-OF-PLANE/IN-PLANE PORES (2016)

Back-side illumination of n-type silicon electrode during electrochemical etching in HF-based electrolytes is shown, for the first time, to inhibit electric breakdown at high anodic voltages (in the breakdown region). This has breakthrough effects on silicon electrochemistry, as it enables silicon dissolution to be controlled at the higher anodic voltages, thus increasing etching flexibility and, in turn, enabling the preparation of novel porous silicon micro and nanostructures, which are otherwise not feasible with the current technology level. In this work, exper- imental evidence of breakdown inhibition through back-side illumination of silicon electrodes etched in HF-H2O2 electrolyte is provided. Further, as a case of study, application of breakdown inhibition to the preparation of hier- archical networks of pores consisting of ordered out-of-plane macropores interconnected by smaller in-plane sec- ondary pores is reported.
Suggested design space in a PMSM parameter plane for variable flux machines (2013)

In this paper, design space for variable flux (VF) machines is examined in a permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) parameter plane based on constant parameter, lossless power conversion properties, and estimated total loss distributions (i.e. copper and iron losses) while applying a d-axis current constraint based on an assumed demagnetization characteristic. Medium-to-high speed, partial torque operation is typical for duty cycle loads, such as in the case of the electric vehicle. VF machines can reduce losses in these operating conditions by reducing the internal magnetization state of the magnet, thereby reducing flux linkage associated with flux produced by the magnet. In this paper, VF machines with large normalized permanent magnet flux linkage which are in the highly salient, flux intensified (FI) machine design space (VFI-IPMs) are shown to have large maximum torque, rated power, inverter utilization, and constant power speed ratio (CPSR) as well as low losses in the low torque region over a wide speed range when compared to conventional fixed magnet flux PMSMs.
Mode-converters for rectangular-core fiber amplifiers to achieve diffraction-limited power scaling (2012)

A rectangular-core fiber that guides and amplifies a higher-order-mode can potentially scale to much higher average powers than what is possible in traditional circular core large-mode-area fibers. Such an amplifier would require mode-conversion at the input and output to enable interfacing with TEM<sub>00</sub> mode seed sources and generate diffraction-limited radiation for various applications. We discuss the simulation and experimental results of a mode conversion technique that uses two diffractive-optic-elements in conjugate Fourier planes to convert a diffraction limited TEM<sub>00</sub> mode to the higher-order-mode of a ribbon core fiber. Our experiments show that the mode-conversion-efficiency exceeds 84% and can theoretically approach 100%.
BENZOTİYADİAZOL VE BENZOTRİYAZOL İÇEREN KONJUGE POLİMERLERİN OPTOELEKTRONİK ÖZELLİKLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ (2018)

Bu çalışmanın amacı benzoditiyofeni donör ünitesi olarak kullanıp farklı aksöptörler ile Stille kenetlenme yöntemi aracılığıyla konjüge polimerler sentezlenmesidir. Bu çalışma kapsamında iki adet benzotriazol içeren kinokzalin temelli polimerler ile iki adet benzotriazole içeren bistrifenilamin temelli polimerler elde edilecektir. İçerdiği imin grubu sayesinde, kinokzalin türevleri elektron akseptör özelliği göstermektedir. Trifenilamine türevleri elektronca zengin yapılar oldukları için genellikle boşluk taşıma malzemeleri olarak kullanılır. Oldukça yüksek termal, mekanik ve elektron donör özelliklerine sahiptiler. Benzotriazole gruplarının elektron akseptör özelliğine ek olarak içerdikleri imin grupları sayesinde elektron taşıma özelliğine sahiptirler çünkü imin gruplarının elektron çekici özellikleri vardır. Bunlara ek olarak benzoditiyofen içerikli polimerler benzen halkasına bağlı tiyofenlerden oluşan yapısı sayesinde simetrik ve düzlemsel konjuge yapıya sahiptiler ve bu onlara yüksek boşluk mobilitesi özelliği katar. Bu çalışmada benzotriazol, kinokzalin ve benzoditiyofen içeren polimerler, görünür bölgede geniş bir soğurma özelliğine sahip olacağından güneş pilli uygulamalarında kullanılacaktır. Benzotriazole, bistrifenilamine ve benzoditiyofen içeren polimerler ise oldukça yüksek boşluk ve elekton mobilitesine sahip olacaklarından dolayı güneş pilli uygulamalarında kullanılacaktır. Buna ek olarak ışık saçabilen yüksek termal ve mekanik özellere sahip bistrifenilamin t
Mutational Landscape of Autism Spectrum Disorder Brain Tissue (2022)

Rare post-zygotic mutations in the brain are now known to contribute to several neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, due to the limited availability of brain tissue, most studies rely on estimates of mosaicism from peripheral samples. In this study, we undertook whole exome sequencing on brain tissue from 26 ASD brain donors from the Harvard Brain Tissue Resource Center (HBTRC) and ascertained the presence of post-zygotic and germline mutations categorized as pathological, including those impacting known ASD-implicated genes. Although quantification did not reveal enrichment for post-zygotic mutations compared with the controls (<i>n</i> = 15), a small number of pathogenic, potentially ASD-implicated mutations were identified, notably in <i>TRAK1</i> and <i>CLSTN3</i>. Furthermore, germline mutations were identified in the same tissue samples in several key ASD genes, including <i>PTEN</i>, <i>SC1A,</i>&nbsp;<i>CDH13</i>, and <i>CACNA1C.</i> The establishment of tissue resources that are available to the scientific community will facilitate the discovery of new mutations for ASD and other neurodevelopmental disorders.
Repeated concanavalin a challenge in mice induces an interleukin 10-producing phenotype and liver fibrosis (2000)

Weekly injections of Concanavalin A (Con A) were performed in BALB/c mice to evaluate the pattern of cytokine production and liver injury. High serum levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-4, and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) were found in the serum after the first 2 injections of Con A but rapidly decreased from the third injection. Conversely, IL-10 serum levels after repeated Con A challenge increased by 7 times from week 1 to 20. In vivo depletion studies indicated that CD4(+) T cells are essential in IL-10 production. Hepatocyte necrosis was only observed after the first injections of Con A whereas centrilobular inflammatory infiltrates persisted up to 20 weeks. Perisinusoidal liver fibrosis was also increasingly detected in BALB/c mice, whereas no fibrous change was observed in nude mice after 6 weeks of Con A challenge. The number of stellate cells, detected by immunostaining, increased after 20 weeks of Con A injections. Liver cytokine messenger RNA (mRNA) expression after 20 weeks showed expression of transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1), IL-10, and IL-4 whereas IL-2 was no more expressed. The present study shows that mice repeatedly injected with Con A develop liver fibrosis. The cytokine-release pattern observed after 1 injection of Con A is rapidly shifted towards an immunomodulatory phenotype characterized by the systemic production of large amounts of IL-10.
Optimal Placement of Phasor Measurement Units via Convex Relaxation (2012)

Instrumenting power networks with phasor measurement units (PMUs) facilitates several tasks including optimum power flow, system control, contingency analysis, visualization, and integration of renewable resources, thus enabling situational awareness-one of the key steps toward realizing the smart grid vision. The installation cost of PMUs currently prohibits their deployment on every bus, which in turn motivates their strategic placement across the power grid. As state estimation is at the core of grid monitoring, PMU deployment is optimized here based on estimation-theoretic criteria. Considering both voltage and incident current readings per PMU-instrumented bus and incorporating conventionally derived state estimates under the Bayesian framework, PMU placement is formulated as an optimal experimental design task. To bypass the combinatorial search involved, a convex relaxation is developed to obtain solutions with numerical optimality guarantees. In the tests performed on standard IEEE 14-, 30-, and 118-bus benchmarks, the proposed relaxation approaches and oftentimes attains the optimum PMU placement.
Combination of horizontal and vertical disparity gradient with concentric pattern (2010)

The effect of vertical and horizontal disparities can locally enhance or cancel each other as a function of their depth sign (Matthews et al., 2003 Vision Research 43 85–99). Can vertical disparities, suitably computed, minimize the depth effect of horizontal disparity gradient? We have already shown that thresholds of plane deformation detection, either concave or convex, induced by concentric gradient of horizontal disparity depended on disparity gradient and on its location (Devisme et al., 2004 Perception 33 Supplement 93). In this last experiment, we were interested in whether the presence of subthreshold vertical disparities would affect thresholds of deformation detection induced by disparity gradient. The stimulus consisted of a sparse random-dot display (Devisme et al., 2005 Perception 34 Supplement 114). A concentric pattern of vertical disparity gradient was applied on the stimulus between two eccentricities. Vertical disparities were computed to have opposite signs between adjacent quadrants of the visual field. However these vertical disparities had to involve no depth deformation perception. Horizontal disparity gradient, which progressively increased, was added at the same location. The observer's task consisted in detecting the deformation of the frontoparallel plane. Results suggested that the addition of vertical disparity gradient can decrease the sensitivity to horizontal disparity gradient in peripheral visual field. The processing of combined horizontal and vertical disparity gradients of opposite depth sign depend on the location in the visual field: vertical disparities, in concentric variation, seem to be differently processed according to eccentricity.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydroxyalkylphosphines in Asymmetric Hydrogenations. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Production of Itraconazole Nanocrystal-Based Polymeric Film Formulations for Immediate Drug Release (2020)

In order to improve the solubility properties of BCS class II drug itraconazole, fast dissolving oral polymeric film formulations based on itraconazole nanocrystals were produced. Drug nanocrystals were manufactured by the wet pearl milling technique. In polymeric film formulations, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) was used as a film forming polymer, and glycerin was used as a plasticizer. For nanocrystal suspensions and film formulations, thorough physicochemical characterization was performed, including particle sizing and size deviation, film appearance, weight variation, thickness, folding endurance, drug content uniformity, disintegration time, and dissolution profile. After milling, the nanoparticles were 369 nm in size with a PI value of 0.20. Nanoparticles were stable and after redispersion from film formulations, the particle size remained almost the same (330 nm and PI 0.16). The produced films were flexible, homogeneous, fast disintegrating, and drug release rate from both the nanosuspension and film formulations showed immediate release behavior. Based on the study, the film casting method for production of itraconazole nanocrystal based immediate release formulations is a good option for improved solubility.
A Model of a Universal Neural Computer with Hysteresis Dynamics for Avionics Problems (2022)

The paper proposes a method for implementing a universal neural network processor with hysteresis dynamics. This processor allows a wide range of heterogeneous tasks in real time to be performed without reprogramming and changing their internal structure. Adding hysteresis behavior to the system makes it possible to increase resistance to external influences, the complexity as well as non-linearity of intelligent output. The paper discusses the use of this processor as part of an on-board intelligent avionics system.
Malabsorption of Digoxin Tablets, Gel Caps, and Elixir in a Patient with an End Jejunostomy (1994)

The markedly diminished length and the lack of continuity of this patient's small intestine and colon likely resulted in severe malabsorption of orally administered digoxin. Some patients with end jejunostomies may require intravenous forms of medication because of inadequate absorption of orally administered medications.