gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of 12 Stereochemically and Structurally Diverse C-Trisaccharides (1997)

Cell surface carbohydrates and their analogs may be used to study the cellular interactions responsible for adhesion to pathogenic bacteria, viruses, and other cells and may represent leads for drug discovery. We have generated 12 C-trisaccharides (7−18) as potential inhibitors for the cell surface proteins of the bacterium Helicobactor pylori. The strategy used has resulted in the generation of C-trisaccharides structures that are represented by the formula Fuc-α(1-2)-hexose-(1-3)-GlcNAc where each of the 12 compounds possesses a central sugar that has been systematically replaced with stereochemically diverse structures, including d and l sugars, through de novo synthesis. This approach relies upon an organometallic coupling of terminal monosaccharides 19 and 20 to prepare a "disaccharide" in a convergent manner. This intermediate is then divergently derivatized to form a variety of structural analogs about the central hexose. For the separable compounds, the assignment of stereochemistry was done using standard NMR techniques. In cases where inseparable diastereomeric mixtures were generated, we have described a novel recursive stereochemical deconvolution strategy. This recursive strategy is demonstrated in the diastereoselective synthesis of trisaccharides 14, subsequent to its initial rapid synthesis as a component of a diastereomeric mixture. Biological assays of these compounds should provide an insight into the binding requirements of carbohydrate receptors.
Osteogenic potential of Sr‐doped calcium phosphate hollow spheres in vitro and in vivo (2013)

Treatment of osteoporotic fractures with conventional surgical methods is associated with a high rate of complications. Intense search for new treatment options includes development of specific biomaterials aimed to be part of the surgical armamentarium. Strontium doped calcium phosphate spheres (SrCPS) is a new material that might be of interest due to the influence on osteoclast and osteoblast activity. In the present study, we successfully constructed hollow spherical SrCPS particles with a diameter of ~700 nm and shell thickness of ~150 nm. The Sr content was about 20 wt %. Cell viability and cytotoxicity were investigated in vitro with concentrations from 0 to 1000 μg/mL of SrCPS in medium extract in a day chase study. The in vivo biocompatibility was tested in a delayed bone-healing model in a rat vertebral defect by histology, μCT, and nanoSPECT. The SrCPS showed no toxicity in vitro with comparable cell number in all concentrations. Increased metabolism was seen in the cell viability study in cells exposed to 400 and 600 μg/mL. SPECT showed good biocompatibility with no local adverse effects and an increased osteoblast activity as compared to adjacent vertebra. SrCPS implantation induced bone formation and resulted in complete resorption and defect consolidation.
Übergangsmetall‐substituierte VB‐Elementsysteme, V. Bis(VIA‐metall)methylstibine – Darstellung, Quartärisierung und Oxidation (1975)

Abstract Die Umsetzung von CH 3 SbBr 2 mit den Übergangsmetall‐Anionen von Na[Fe(CO) 2 π‐C 5 H 5 ] und Na[M(CO) 3 π‐C 5 H 5 ] (MCr, Mo, W) führt unter stufenweiser Metallierung zur Bildung von CH 3 Sb[Fe(CO) 2 π‐C 5 H 5 ] 2 und CH 3 Sb[M(CO) 3 π‐C 5 H 5 ] 2 (MCr, Mo, W). Ausgehend von den primären Substitutionsprodukten BrCH 3 SbM(CO) 3 π‐C 5 H 5 (MMo, W) Können die heteronuclearen Spezies π‐C 5 H 5 (CO) CrSb (CH 3 )M(CO) 3 π‐C 5 H 5 (MMo, W) und π‐C 5 H 5 (CO) 3 MoSb(CH 3 )W(CO) 3 π‐C 5 H 5 erhalten werden. Reaktionen mit Alkylhalo‐geniden verlaufen unter Quartärisierung am Sb‐Atom oder Spaltung der SbM‐Einheit. Im ersten Fall werden metallsubstituierte Sb‐Kationen der Form [{π‐C 5 H 5 (CO) 3 M} 2 Sb(CH 3 )R] ⊕; (MMo, W; RCH 3 , C 2 H 5 , C 6 H 5 CH 2 ) gebildet, die auch aus monometalliertem Stibin und komplexem Metallhalogenid zugänglich sind [z. B. π‐C 5 H 5 (CO) 3 MoSb(CH 3 ) 2 und π‐C 5 H 5 (CO) 3 MoBr]. Die Einwirkung von Brom verläuft unter Addition am VB‐Element und liefert Übergangsmetallderivate mit vermutlich pentakoordiniertem Antimon([π‐C 5 H 5 (CO) 3 W] 2 sbCH 3 Br 2 ). Die chemischen und spektroskopischen Eigenschaften der neuen Antimon‐Übergangsmetallkomplexe werden beschrieben.
Search for a heavy gauge boson W′ in the final state with an electron and large missing transverse energy in pp collisions at s=7 TeV (2011)

A search for a heavy gauge boson W has been conducted by the CMS experiment at the LHC in the decay channel with an electron and large transverse energy imbalance E miss T , using proton-proton collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36 pb -1 . No excess above standard model expectations is seen in the transverse mass distribution of the electron-E miss T system. Assuming standard-model-like couplings and decay branching fractions, a W boson with a mass less than 1.36 TeV/c 2 is excluded at 95% confidence level.
Evaluating the therapeutic effect of tumor treating fields (TTFields) by monitoring the impedance across TTFields electrode arrays (2022)

Experiments show that measuring the change in the impedance amplitude between opposite TTFields electrode arrays, at a typical TTFields treatment frequency of (200 kHz), can detect changes in the tumor radius with a sensitivity that increases with the radius of the tumor. The study shows that TTFields electrode arrays can be used to assess the effectiveness of TTFields treatment on changes in the tumor dimensions in real time, throughout the treatement. This monitoring system may become a valuable addition to the TTFields cancer treatment technology. It could provide the means to continuously assess the effectiveness of the treatment, and thereby optimize the design of the treatment protocol.
MIF and D-DT are potential disease severity modifiers in male MS subjects (2017)

Little is known about mechanisms that drive the development of progressive multiple sclerosis (MS), although inflammatory factors, such as macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), its homolog D-dopachrome tautomerase (D-DT), and their common receptor CD74 may contribute to disease worsening. Our findings demonstrate elevated MIF and D-DT levels in males with progressive disease compared with relapsing-remitting males (RRMS) and female MS subjects, with increased levels of CD74 in females vs. males with high MS disease severity. Furthermore, increased MIF and D-DT levels in males with progressive disease were significantly correlated with the presence of two high-expression promoter polymorphisms located in the <i>MIF</i> gene, a -794CATT<sub>5-8</sub> microsatellite repeat and a -173 G/C SNP. Conversely, mice lacking MIF or D-DT developed less-severe signs of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, a murine model of MS, thus implicating both homologs as copathogenic contributors. These findings indicate that genetically controlled high MIF expression (and D-DT) promotes MS progression in males, suggesting that these two factors are sex-specific disease modifiers and raising the possibility that aggressive anti-MIF treatment of clinically isolated syndrome or RRMS males with a high-expresser genotype might slow or prevent the onset of progressive MS. Additionally, selective targeting of MIF:CD74 signaling might provide an effective, trackable therapeutic approach for MS subjects of both sexes.
Thermodynamic Stability of Low- and High-Index Spinel LiMn2O4 Surface Terminations (2016)

Density functional theory calculations are performed within the generalized gradient approximation (GGA+U) to determine stable terminations of both low- and high-index spinel LiMn2O4 (LMO) surfaces. A grand canonical thermodynamic approach is employed, permitting a direct comparison of off-stoichiometric surfaces with previously reported stoichiometric surface terminations at various environmental conditions. Within this formalism, we have identified trends in the structure of the low-index surfaces as a function of the Li and O chemical potentials. The results suggest that, under a range of chemical potentials for which bulk LMO is stable, Li/O and Li-rich (111) surface terminations are favored, neither of which adopts an inverse spinel structure in the subsurface region. This thermodynamic analysis is extended to identify stable structures for certain high-index surfaces, including (311), (331), (511), and (531), which constitute simple models for steps or defects that may be present on real LMO particles. The low- and high-index results are combined to determine the relative stability of each surface facet under a range of environmental conditions. The relative surface energies are further employed to predict LMO particle shapes through a Wulff construction approach, which suggests that LMO particles will adopt either an octahedron or a truncated octahedron shape at conditions in which LMO is thermodynamically stable. These results are in agreement with the experimental observations of LMO particle shapes.
Discontinuous Galerkin time domain analysis of electromagnetic scattering from dispersive periodic nanostructures at oblique incidence (2019)

An efficient discontinuous Galerkin time domain (DGTD) method with a generalized dispersive material (GDM) model and periodic boundary conditions (PBCs), hereto referred to as DGTD-GDM-PBCs, is proposed to analyze the electromagnetic scattering from dispersive periodic nanostructures. The GDM model is utilized to achieve a robust and accurate universal model for arbitrary dispersive materials. Using a transformed field variable technique, PBCs are introduced to efficiently truncate the computational domain in the periodic directions for both normally and obliquely incident illumination cases. Based on the transformed Maxwell's equations with PBCs, the formulation of the DGTD method with a GDM model is derived. Furthermore, a Runge-Kutta time-stepping scheme is proposed to update the semi-discrete transformed Maxwell's equations and auxiliary differential equations (ADEs) with high order accuracy. Numerical examples for periodic nanostructures with dispersive elements, such as reflection and transmission of a thin film, surface plasmon at the interfaces of a metallic hole array structure, and absorption properties of a dual-band infrared absorber are presented to demonstrate the accuracy and capability of the proposed method.
Sputtering yield measurements at glancing incidence using a quartz crystal microbalance (2007)

Low energy sputtering yields at grazing incidence have been investigated experimentally using a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) technique. This method involved precoating the QCM with a thin film of the desired target material and relating the resonance frequency shift directly to mass loss during ion bombardment. A highly focused, low divergence ion beam provided a well defined incidence angle. Focusing most of the ion current on the center of the target allowed for higher sensitivity by taking into account the radial mass sensitivity of the QCM. Measurements of Mo, Cu, and W sputtering yields were taken for low energy (80–1000eV) Xe+ and Ar+ to validate this experimental method. The target films ranged from 3.5to8.0μm in thickness and were deposited so that their crystal structure and density would match those of the bulk material as closely as possible. These properties were characterized using a combination of scanning electron microscope imagery, profilometry, and x-ray diffraction. At normal incidence, the sputtering yields demonstrated satisfactory agreement with previously published work. At angles of incidence up to 40° off normal, the data agreed well with predictions from existing theoretical models. Sputtering yields were found to increase by a factor of 1.6 over this range. The optimum angle for sputtering occurred at 55°, after which the yields rapidly decreased. Measurements were taken up to 80° from the surface normal.
The critical fates of Dylan Thomas (2013)

Abstract This introductory chapter begins with a history of the critical reception of Thomas' poetry. It establishes basic terms; traces the gradual understanding of the co-ordinates of his work; and suggests new ways in which it might be read. It sets the scene for the subsequent chapters, chronologically arranged, spanning Thomas' poetic development from 1930 until his death.
Human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells protect mice brain after trauma* (2011)

These findings indicate that human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells stimulate the injured brain and evoke trophic events, microglia/macrophage phenotypical switch, and glial scar inhibitory effects that remodel the brain and lead to significant improvement of neurologic outcome.
On-Chip Optical Squeezing (2015)

For quantum information technologies to become mainstream, they must be integrated into microchips. The authors present all-optical generation of nonclassical squeezed light (i.e. with quantum noise reduced below the shot-noise level) using an ultracompact broadband cavity in CMOS-compatible silicon nitride. Such a source of bright squeezed light, operating at technologically accessible power levels, paves the way for quantum enhanced sensing, quantum interconnects, and quantum information processing via a scalable, on-chip platform.
Impact of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection on Chimpanzee Population Dynamics (2010)

Like human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), simian immunodeficiency virus of chimpanzees (SIVcpz) can cause CD4+ T cell loss and premature death. Here, we used molecular surveillance tools and mathematical modeling to estimate the impact of SIVcpz infection on chimpanzee population dynamics. Habituated (Mitumba and Kasekela) and non-habituated (Kalande) chimpanzees were studied in Gombe National Park, Tanzania. Ape population sizes were determined from demographic records (Mitumba and Kasekela) or individual sightings and genotyping (Kalande), while SIVcpz prevalence rates were monitored using non-invasive methods. Between 2002-2009, the Mitumba and Kasekela communities experienced mean annual growth rates of 1.9% and 2.4%, respectively, while Kalande chimpanzees suffered a significant decline, with a mean growth rate of -6.5% to -7.4%, depending on population estimates. A rapid decline in Kalande was first noted in the 1990s and originally attributed to poaching and reduced food sources. However, between 2002-2009, we found a mean SIVcpz prevalence in Kalande of 46.1%, which was almost four times higher than the prevalence in Mitumba (12.7%) and Kasekela (12.1%). To explore whether SIVcpz contributed to the Kalande decline, we used empirically determined SIVcpz transmission probabilities as well as chimpanzee mortality, mating and migration data to model the effect of viral pathogenicity on chimpanzee population growth. Deterministic calculations indicated that a prevalence of greater than 3.4% would result in negative growth and eventual population extinction, even using conservative mortality estimates. However, stochastic models revealed that in representative populations, SIVcpz, and not its host species, frequently went extinct. High SIVcpz transmission probability and excess mortality reduced population persistence, while intercommunity migration often rescued infected communities, even when immigrating females had a chance of being SIVcpz infected. Together, these results suggest that the decline of the Kalande community was caused, at least in part, by high levels of SIVcpz infection. However, population extinction is not an inevitable consequence of SIVcpz infection, but depends on additional variables, such as migration, that promote survival. These findings are consistent with the uneven distribution of SIVcpz throughout central Africa and explain how chimpanzees in Gombe and elsewhere can be at equipoise with this pathogen.
Bean Leaf Beetle, Cerotoma trifurcata (Forster) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): Physical Factors Affecting Larval Movement in Soil1 (1983)

Bean leaf beetle larval movement in response to food and to soil moisture and texture (loamy sand, sandy clay loam, and organic) was studied in laboratory experiments. All larval instars of the bean leaf beetle have the capability for relatively large movements in the soil and will move from unfavorable to favorable food, texture, and moisture conditions. These studies suggest increased desiccation due to cuticle abrasion as one explanation for observed differences in survival among soils.
Ring-bridged bis(cyclopentadienyl)uranium(IV)halides (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRing-bridged bis(cyclopentadienyl)uranium(IV)halidesCynthia A. Secaur, Victor W. Day, Richard D. Ernst, William J. Kennelly, and Tobin J. MarksCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976, 98, 12, 3713–3715Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00428a058https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00428a058research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views120Altmetric-Citations42LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Rsal polymorphism in von Willebrand factor (vWF) at codon 789 (1990)

Previous studies revealed that the human TP53 gene has a singlebase difference in amino acid residue 72 among several cDNA and genomic clones (1, 2). The single-base change causes alteration of amino acid residue 72 from arginine to proline. Here we report that the variation at position 72 is caused by a polymorphism and not by mutation, and this polymorphism can be easily analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR Primers: Sense oligo: 5 '-TTGCCGTCCCAAGCAATGGATGA-3' Antisense oligo: S '-TCTGGGAAGGGACAGAAGATGAC-3' Polymorphism: AccII digest of the amplified fragment identifies two alleles: A1 = -199 bp and A2 = -l13 bp + -86 bp.
P24.11: Management of placenta percreta, usefulness of enhanced 3T MRI sequence (2014)

Abnormally invasive placenta (AIP) is a severe pregnancy complication. Placenta accreta is the least invasive presentation of AIP, whereas placenta percreta corresponds to a full penetration of the trophoblast through the uterus that reaches the serosal surface and ultimately may involve the bladder, rectal wall, and pelvic vessels. Forced manual extirpation of an AIP most results in severe postpartum hemorrhage because of the absence of a natural cleavage zone between the placenta and the myometrium. The incidence of AIP is estimated up to 1 each 250 pregnancies, and AIP is nowadays a major cause of maternal death in occidental countries [1]. It is admitted that antenatal diagnosis improves maternal outcomes [2, 3]. Prenatal screening, consisting in defining the existence of AIP, is fundamental regarding the referral of the pregnant women at high risk of hemorrhage in a tertiary care prenatal center. Precise antenatal diagnosis helps improving the surgical strategy [3]. Screening and diagnosis of AIP are hard to establish with both ultrasound and MRI, due to insufficient spatial resolution and inconstancy signs. The 3T MRI increases spatial resolution and use of contrast agent improves the vascular network evaluation. Coupled with resampling sequence, spatial resolution is increased and helps to clarify the utero-placental interface and characterize abnormal vascularization. Antenatal diagnosis and precise invasion mapping performed with 3T MRI and enhanced sequences is described here for the first time.
Phase I Study and Preliminary Pharmacology of the Novel Innate Immune Modulator rBBX-01 in Gynecologic Cancers (2008)

The immunostimulator rBBX-01 was safe in multidose regimens in heavily pretreated women. Of the 14 patients with elevated CA125 levels, an approximately 30% response rate was detected. rBBX-01 should receive additional testing in the clinical setting.
Subpicosecond measurements of the response of Josephson transmission lines to large current pulses (1999)

Josephson transmission lines (JTLs) are commonly used as signal interconnects in single-flux quantum (SFQ) circuits. They are also used, however, to transform arbitrary waveforms into SFQ pulses. Here we use a low-temperature electro-optic sampling system with subpicosecond resolution to observe the response of a JTL to a picosecond input pulse. Previously, this system has been used to directly observe SFQ pulses on niobium transmission lines. In our experiment, niobium metal semiconductor-metal (MSM) photodiodes were connected to 3, 4, 19, and 20-stage JTLs. The MSM photodiodes provided picosecond pulses to excite the JTL. The JTL bias and input pulse amplitude were varied to observe fluxon interaction and time delay of the JTL stages. Observed JTL behavior is dominated by dipolar oscillations radiated from the first stages of the JTL. By varying the values of line inductance and junction capacitance, thus changing the oscillation periods, these oscillations were traced to the coupling of the junction capacitance and line inductance. This is a new feature of the JTL that has thus far not been observed or incorporated into simulations. Our results could have significant implications on the limit of SFQ circuits.
Carbon nanotube electrodes for retinal implants: a study of structural and functional integration over time (2016)

ABSTRACT The choice of electrode material is of paramount importance in neural prosthetic devices. Electrodes must be biocompatible yet able to sustain repetitive current injections in a highly corrosive environment. We explored the suitability of carbon nanotube (CNT) electrodes to stimulate retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in a mouse model of outer retinal degeneration. We investigated morphological changes at the bio-hybrid interface and changes in RGC responses to electrical stimulation following prolonged in vitro coupling to CNT electrodes. We observed gradual remodelling of the inner retina to incorporate CNT assemblies. Electrophysiological recordings demonstrate a progressive increase in coupling between RGCs and the CNT electrodes over three days, characterized by a gradual decrease in stimulation thresholds and increase in cellular recruitment. These results provide novel evidence for time-dependent formation of viable bio-hybrids between CNTs and the retina, demonstrating that CNTs are a promising material for inclusion in retinal prosthetic devices.