gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Magnetization reversal in Co∕Pd nanostructures and films (2005)

The magnetic field required to reverse a Co∕Pd multilayer film with perpendicular anisotropy is greatly increased when the film is deposited onto patterned islands. The variation of the reversal field with Co thickness demonstrates that the island switching field is determined principally by the anisotropy. For sufficiently small islands the reversal field is close to that calculated using the Stoner–Wohlfarth (SW) model and these small islands show the expected SW angle dependence. A similar SW angle dependence is also observed for the larger islands. We propose that for the larger islands reversal is governed by a nucleation event, which has SW characteristics, followed by rapid domain wall motion.
THAP5 is a human cardiac-specific inhibitor of cell cycle that is cleaved by the proapoptotic Omi/HtrA2 protease during cell death (2009)

Omi/HtrA2 is a mitochondrial serine protease that has a dual function: while confined in the mitochondria, it promotes cell survival, but when released into the cytoplasm, it participates in caspase-dependent as well as caspase-independent cell death. To investigate the mechanism of Omi/HtrA2's function, we set out to isolate and characterize novel substrates for this protease. We have identified Thanatos-associated protein 5 (THAP5) as a specific interactor and substrate of Omi/HtrA2 in cells undergoing apoptosis. This protein is an uncharacterized member of the THAP family of proteins. THAP5 has a unique pattern of expression and is found predominantly in the human heart, although a very low expression is also seen in the human brain and muscle. THAP5 protein is localized in the nucleus and, when ectopically expressed, induces cell cycle arrest. During apoptosis, THAP5 protein is degraded, and this process can be blocked using a specific Omi/HtrA2 inhibitor, leading to reduced cell death. In patients with coronary artery disease, THAP5 protein levels substantially decrease in the myocardial infarction area, suggesting a potential role of this protein in human heart disease. This work identifies human THAP5 as a cardiac-specific nuclear protein that controls cell cycle progression. Furthermore, during apoptosis, THAP5 is cleaved and removed by the proapoptotic Omi/HtrA2 protease. Taken together, we provide evidence to support that THAP5 and its regulation by Omi/HtrA2 provide a new link between cell cycle control and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes.
Pulsed and DC Charged PCSS based Trigger Generators. (2016)

Abstract not provided.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Approach to the Synthesis of the CC‐1065/Duocarmycin Pharmacophore. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae Strain 2019 Produces a Biofilm Containing N -Acetylneuraminic Acid That May Mimic Sialylated O-Linked Glycans (2004)

Previous studies suggested that nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI) can form biofilms during human and chinchilla middle ear infections. Microscopic analysis of a 5-day biofilm of NTHI strain 2019 grown in a continuous-flow chamber revealed that the biofilm had a diffuse matrix interlaced with multiple water channels. Our studies showed that biofilm production was significantly decreased when a chemically defined medium lacking N-acetylneuraminic acid (sialic acid) was used. Based on these observations, we examined mutations in seven NTHI strain 2019 genes involved in carbohydrate and lipooligosaccharide biosynthesis. NTHI strain 2019 with mutations in the genes encoding CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid synthetase (siaB), one of the three NTHI sialyltransferases (siaA), and the undecaprenyl-phosphate alpha-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase homolog (wecA) produced significantly smaller amounts of biofilm. NTHI strain 2019 with mutations in genes encoding phosphoglucomutase (pgm), UDP-galactose-4-epimerase, and two other NTHI sialyltransferases (lic3A and lsgB) produced biofilms that were equivalent to or larger than the biofilms produced by the parent strain. The biofilm formed by the NTHI strain 2019pgm mutant was studied with Maackia amurensis fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated and Sambucus nigra tetramethyl rhodamine isocyanate (TRITC)-conjugated lectins. S. nigra TRITC-conjugated lectin bound to this biofilm, while M. amurensis FITC-conjugated lectin did not. S. nigra TRITC-conjugated lectin binding was inhibited by incubation with alpha2,6-neuraminyllactose and by pretreatment of the biofilm with Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectometry analysis of lipooligosaccharides isolated from a biofilm, the planktonic phase, and plate-grown organisms showed that the levels of most sialylated glycoforms were two- to fourfold greater when the lipooligosaccharide was derived from planktonic or biofilm organisms. Our data indicate that NTHI strain 2019 produces a biofilm containing alpha2,6-linked sialic acid and that the sialic acid content of the lipooligosaccharides increases concomitant with the transition of organisms to a biofilm form.
Complex Biological Fluid Flow Through Microfabricated Polysilicon Microneedles (2000)

Abstract Microneedles can be used for sample extraction or injection for biomedical applications. It is important to understand how complex biological fluids behave within the needles because non-newtonian effects are associated with fluid flow of concentrated biological solutions. Different concentrations of sheep blood diluted with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) were investigated in different planar needle geometries. Only slight shear thinning behavior was observed, and only slight changes in apparent viscosity were recorded even at higher hematocrit levels. This is hypothesized to be a result of the Fahraeus effect in which cells are excluded from the wall regions in small channels. Microneedles with complex features clogged easily whereas needles with larger hydraulic radii allowed higher concentrations of blood to flow through them. However, at higher hematocrit levels (&amp;gt;25%) even the lower resistance needle clogged. Further investigations are needed to correlate how geometry affects flow of complex cellular suspensions.
Determining the Probability of Achieving a Successful Quantitative Analysis for Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (2017)

A new approach is presented to determine the probability of achieving a successful quantitative analysis for gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The proposed theory is based upon a probabilistic description of peak overlap in GC-MS separations to determine the probability of obtaining a successful quantitative analysis, which has its lower limit of chromatographic resolution R<sub>s</sub> at some minimum chemometric resolution, R<sub>s</sub>*; that is to say, successful quantitative analysis can be achieved when R<sub>s</sub> ≥ R<sub>s</sub>*. The value of R<sub>s</sub>* must be experimentally determined and is dependent on the chemometric method to be applied. The approach presented makes use of the assumption that analyte peaks are independent and randomly distributed across the separation space or are at least locally random, namely, that each analyte represents an independent Bernoulli random variable, which is then used to predict the binomial probability of successful quantitative analysis. The theoretical framework is based on the chromatographic-saturation factor and chemometric-enhanced peak capacity. For a given separation, the probability of quantitative success can be improved via two pathways, a chromatographic-efficiency pathway that reduces the saturation of the sample and a chemometric pathway that reduces R<sub>s</sub>* and improves the chemometric-enhanced peak capacity. This theory is demonstrated through a simulation-based study to approximate the resolution limit, R<sub>s</sub>*, of multivariate curve resolution-alternating least-squares (MCR-ALS). For this study, R<sub>s</sub>* was determined to be ∼0.3, and depending on the analytical expectations for the quantitative bias and the obtained mass-spectral match value, a lower value of R<sub>s</sub>* ∼ 0.2 may be achievable.
5G new radio and ultra low latency applications: A PHY implementation perspective (2016)

In addition to enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) and massive machine type communications (mMTC), 5G technology targets the support of novel applications in the field of critical communications. The later will involve operation with drones and robotics, industrial control and mission critical data. In this paper, we discuss a possible implementation concept of a novel frame structure which supports different levels of ultra low delays. We give insights into a real-time implementation of the proposed concept on a software defined radio (SDR) platform, and outline the challenges of such an implementation. Finally, latency measurements show the feasibility of this concept on real hardware, and demonstrate the achieved gains of the suggested 5G low latency concepts and frame structures.
Supplementary Table 5 from <i>HIST1H2BB</i> and <i>MAGI2</i> Methylation and Somatic Mutations as Precision Medicine Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Prognosis of High-grade Serous Ovarian Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Somatic mutations and single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in paired tissue from cervical swabs, serum/plasma and urine from patient TG05&lt;/p&gt;
Reactive Ion Etching of Co–Zr–Nb Thin Film Using BCl3 (1997)

Chlorine-based reactive ion etching (RIE) of a high-permeability Co–Zr–Nb film has been carried out. The etching rate was only about 10 nm/min in pure Cl 2 in the temperature range in which anisotropic ion etching was dominant. Addition of BCl 3 to the Cl 2 resulted in an increase in the etching rate at low temperature. The activation energy in BCl 3 –Cl 2 RIE was about 0.5 eV, whereas that in pure Cl 2 RIE was 1.0 eV. The optimum BCl 3 content was around 30 vol.%. The etching rate reached 750 nm/min at 1.2 W/cm 2 RF power density and 300° C etching temperature. This improvement is due to the heavier mass and the higher ionization rate of BCl 3 than those of Cl 2 . The ratio of the side etching rate to the depth-etching rate was about 30%, when the RF power density was 1.2 W/cm 2 in BCl 3 –Cl 2 RIE. The side etching was suppressed by both an increase in the RF power and addition of SiCl 4 or SiCl 4 –O 2 to the BCl 3 –Cl 2 . Anisotropy was promoted by both an increase in the ion energy and sidewall protection by Si or Si-oxide. An etching rate of 200 nm/min at 150° C and 2 W/cm 2 RF power density in BCl 3 –Cl 2 –SiCl 4 RIE has been achieved. The etching selectivity vs SiO 2 was 20 and the side-etching rate was only 2% of the depth-etching rate.
Analysis of CDMA downlink capacity enhancements (2002)

The CDMA downlink capacity obtained by a system simulator is considered. Capacity improvements with macro-diversity, reception antenna diversity and with interference reduction techniques are analyzed. A cellular system simulator is utilized in assessing the achievable capacity gains with these techniques. Interference reduction can be achieved with, for example, interference canceling or with appropriate spreading code design. Algorithms for canceling interference are not described in this paper nor are antenna hardware requirements considered but the possible capacity gains are evaluated. Urban macro- and micro-cell environments are studied. The intra-cell interference cancellation is found to be important for the macro-cell environment, where as for micro-cell environment macro- or antenna-diversity means are seen as essential.
Introduction to the Special Issue on the 2012 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (2012)

This special issue of the IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits is dedicated to the papers taken from the best of the Data Converters, RF, Analog,Wireless Communications, andWireline Communications sessions at the IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC) in San Francisco, CA, USA in February 2012. The guest editors of this special issue would like to thank all the presenters at the conference from these sessions for making the selection process quite difficult, as the overall standard was quite high. We would also like to extend our appreciation to the selected authors for their timely and excellent submissions, and to those reviewers who helped ensure the papers met our high quality level. Seven papers have been selected from the data converter sessions in the 2012 ISSCC for inclusion in this special issue. Seven papers have been selected from the three RF sessions at the ISSCC 2012, ranging from radio receivers to power amplifiers, PLL andmodulators, and THz imagers and power sources. The six papers in the Analog Techniques Section tackle highpower to high-speed applications that span technology nodes from 0.8μm down to 65 nm, utilizing BCD, BiCMOS, and CMOS processes in various designs. Six papers have been carefully selected from three Wireless sessions at ISSCC 2012. These papers cover a wide range of topics which represent diversified applications in wireless communications. Finally, five papers have been selected from three Wireline sessions at ISSCC 2012.
Poly-His and poly-Gln sequences in bacterial proteins: tempting sites for metal ions to interact with (2013)

Hpn and Hpn-like are Helicobacter pylori cytoplasmic proteins involved in the homeostasis of nickel; this metal is required for the enzymes urease and Ni-Fe hydrogenase, essential for the bacterium colonization in the human stomach. While almost half of Hpn sequence consists of polyhistydyl repeats, Hpn-like protein is rich in glutamine residues. In order to shed light on the role of the consecutive His and Gln residues in metal-ion binding, the present investigation is focused on the N-terminal domain of Hpn-like protein. Cu(II) and Ni(II) complexes of peptide models were studied by means of different thermodynamic and spectroscopic techniques, as well as through molecular modeling computations.
Classification and Effects of Implant Surface Modification on the Bone: Human Cell–Based In Vitro Studies (2016)

Implant surfaces are continuously being improved to achieve faster osseointegration and a stronger bone to implant interface. This review will present the various implant surfaces, the parameters for implant surface characterization, and the corresponding in vitro human cell-based studies determining the strength and quality of the bone-implant contact. These in vitro cell-based studies are the basis for animal and clinical studies and are the prelude to further reviews on how these surfaces would perform when subjected to the oral environment and functional loading.
Pushing particles in extreme fields (2017)

The update of the particle momentum in an electromagnetic simulation typically employs the Boris scheme, which has the advantage that the magnetic field strictly performs no work on the particle. In an extreme field, however, it is found that onerously small time steps are required to maintain accuracy. One reason for this is that the operator splitting scheme fails. In particular, even if the electric field impulse and magnetic field rotation are computed exactly, a large error remains. The problem can be analyzed for the case of constant, but arbitrarily polarized and independent electric and magnetic fields. The error can be expressed in terms of exponentials of nested commutators of the generators of boosts and rotations. To second order in the field, the Boris scheme causes the error to vanish, but to third order in the field, there is an error that has to be controlled by decreasing the time step. This paper introduces a scheme that avoids this problem entirely, while respecting the property that magnetic fields cannot change the particle energy.
Reorientational Dynamics and Intermolecular Cooperativity of Reactive Polymers. 1. Model Epoxy−Amine Systems (1997)

An investigation was conducted to determine how the advancement of chemical reactions and the prepolymer molecular weight affect the reorientational dynamics and intermolecular cooperativity in model epoxy−amine systems. Experimental results were obtained by dielectric spectroscopy over a wide range of frequency and temperature. A strong effect of the progress of reaction on reorientational dynamics was noted and an explanation was put forward within the framework of the coupling theory, marking the first time this concept was applied to reactive systems. It was proposed that the molecular-level characteristics that govern the intermolecular cooperativity of reactive systems can be classified into two categories: (1) molecular architecture, determined by molecular symmetry, rigidity, and steric hindrance, and (2) dielectric architecture, determined by the type and concentration of all dielectrically active species. Both molecular and dielectric architecture vary in the course of chemical reaction, and the overall direction in which the cooperativity shifts is governed by the interplay between these two phenomena.
Adhesion Effects of a Guanidinium Ion Appended Dendritic “Molecular Glue” on the ATP‐Driven Sliding Motion of Actomyosin (2010)

Festgeklebt: Ein heterotropes Konjugat aus Actin und Myosin – Actomysin – wird durch einen wasserlöslichen „molekularen Klebstoff“, ein Dendrimer mit neun Guanidinium-Resten, stabilisiert (siehe Bild; ATP=Adenosintriphosphat, ADP=Adenosindiphosphat). Während das Dendrimer erster Generation die ATP-getriebene Gleitbewegung von Actinfilamenten auf dem Myosin-funktionalisierten Deckglas bremst oder zum Stillstand bringt, ist ein verwandtes Dendrimer nullter Generation dazu nicht in der Lage. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Multicontrast MR Imaging at 7T in Multiple Sclerosis: Highest Lesion Detection in Cortical Gray Matter with 3D-FLAIR (2012)

When using recommended clinical sequences at 7T, the best way to detect cortical GM lesions is with 3D-FLAIR and not by GM-specific 3D-DIR or by conventional 2D-T2WI and 3D-T1WI sequences.
The Effect of Black Printer Separation Algorithms on Perceived Spatial Image Quality (1997)

A visual experiment was performed to evaluate the effect of black separation on spatial image quality. Two types of black printer algorithms were evaluated. One closely simulated conventional printing with the exception of yielding colorimetric matching. The other employed a very simple algorithm based on minimum and maximum amounts of black and also employed a colorimetric paradigm. This second type is significantly easier to implement. Using pictorial and synthetically generated gradation images, two visual experiments were performed to understand the tradeoffs between processing complexity and spatial image quality. Two groups of observers from either academia or the printing industry evaluated six images. For pictorial images, the simple algorithm using the minimum amount of black resulted in the highest spatial image quality. However, this algorithm produced color contours, visible in the gradation images. Thus for general purposes, the conventional separation algorithm or the simple algorithm using nearly the minimum black amount is recommended.
Cooltronics: A new low-temperature tunneling-technology based on Silicon (2013)

A silicon-superconductor tunnel junction is capable of cooling electrons from a temperature of 300 mK to 150 mK and below when a current is passed through it and may also be used as the thermometer in a silicon “cold electron bolometer”. Recent work on these novel devices is described here.
Application of Rapid Optical Measurement to Detect the Fluctuations of the Air-Fuel Ratio and Temperature of a Spark Ignition Engine (1991)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The fluctuations of excess air ratios and temperatures in a combustion chamber of a spark ignition engine have been measured with the optical diagnostic technique. Excess air ratios and temperatures were estimated by the ratio of light emission intensities of 431 nm and 517 nm, 502 nm and 797 nm respectively. Data collection rate was set up at 50 kHz, which was fast enough to detect the fluctuation in one combustion cycle. Two types of fuel injectior were evaluated from the viewpoint of fluctuation of excess air ratio. Mean droplet diameter was 200 μm in Type- I injector and 110 μm in Type- II. Probability density function (PDF) showed that Type- II provided smaller variance of excess air ratio than Type- I. PDF of flame temperature was proved to be well correlated to the engine knocking. During an engine knocking, the average temperature was lower than that obtained at normal operation.&lt;/div&gt;
A human PSMB11 variant affects thymoproteasome processing and CD8+ T cell production (2017)

The Psmb11-encoded β5t subunit of the thymoproteasome, which is specifically expressed in cortical thymic epithelial cells (cTECs), is essential for the optimal positive selection of functionally competent CD8+ T cells in mice. Here, we report that a human genomic PSMB11 variation, which is detectable at an appreciable allele frequency in human populations, alters the β5t amino acid sequence that affects the processing of catalytically active β5t proteins. The introduction of this variation in the mouse genome revealed that the heterozygotes showed reduced β5t expression in cTECs and the homozygotes further exhibited reduction in the cellularity of CD8+ T cells. No severe health problems were noticed in many heterozygous and 5 homozygous human individuals. Long-term analysis of health status, particularly in the homozygotes, is expected to improve our understanding of the role of the thymoproteasome-dependent positive selection of CD8+ T cells in humans.
SEMANTICS OF NETWORK DATA MANIPULATION LANGUAGES (1982)

and correctness of dml programs can be proved. An axiomatic basis for defining the semantics of navigational data manipulation languages is presented. This basis consists of an abstraction of the network data model achieved by three abstract data types, an assertion language to express Properties of database states, and a DML to Program the transactions. The proof rules of the DML constructs and the axioms defined on the data types can be used to establish the correctness of transactions. Potential applications of the proposed formalism in language design, semantic definition of existing languages, and integrity management, are outlined via examples. We start by treating the database as a collection of network structured objects, characterized by a few abstract data types (GUTT 781. We then define an assertion language for expressing properties of a database state in terms of functions and predicates defined on these abstract data types. We also propose a simple dml in which the transactions may be programmed. The dml statements are treated as assignments of network structured values to database objects. Therefore, their semantics can be given in the axiomatic style of Hoare (HOAR 741. Using the axioms of the dml statements and those of the abstract data types, we can prove that a dml program is correct: if the program is initiated in a database state characterized by a given assertion, we can show that upon completion of the program, the final database state satisfies another given assertion.