gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
GaAs Nanowires: From Manipulation of Defect Formation to Controllable Electronic Transport Properties (2013)

Reliable control in the crystal quality of synthesized III-V nanowires (NWs) is particularly important to manipulate their corresponding electronic transport properties for technological applications. In this report, a "two-step" growth process is adopted to achieve single-crystalline GaAs NWs, where an initial high-temperature nucleation process is employed to ensure the formation of high Ga supersaturated Au7Ga3 and Au2Ga alloy seeds, instead of the low Ga supersaturated Au7Ga2 seeds observed in the conventional "single-step" growth. These two-step NWs are long (>60 μm) and thick (>80 nm) with the minimal defect concentrations and uniform growth orientations. Importantly, these NWs exhibit p-type conductivity as compared to the single-step grown n-type NWs for the same diameter range. This NW conductivity difference (p- versus n-channel) is shown to originate from the donor-like crystal defects, such as As precipitates, induced by the low Ga supersaturated multicrystalline Au7Ga2 alloy seeds. Then the well-controlled crystal quality for desired electronic properties is further explored in the application of large-scale p-type GaAs NW parallel array FETs as well as the integration of both p- and n-type GaAs NWs into CMOS inverters. All these illustrate the successful control of NW crystal defects and corresponding electronic transport properties via the manipulation of Ga supersaturation in the catalytic alloy tips with different preparation methods. The understanding of this relationship between NW crystal quality and electronic transport properties is critical and preferential to the future development of nanoelectronic materials, circuit design, and fabrication.
Development of cleaning process for immersion lithography (2006)

In immersion lithography, DI water fills the space between the resist surface and the last lens element. However water is also a good solvent for most of the leaching compounds from resists. The leaching materials from the resist and the original impurities in the water from pipelines pose a significant risk on bottom lens deterioration, wafer surface particles, and facility contamination. If the bottom lens surface deteriorates, it can cause flare and reduce transparency. Particles on the wafer surface can degrade image formation. In addition to contaminating the facility, the impurity inside the water can cause stains or defects after the water is evaporated from the wafer surface. In order to reduce the impact of such contamination, we have evaluated many chemicals for removing organic contamination as well as particles. We have collected and characterized immersion-induced particles from cleaning studies on bare silicon wafers. We have also used oxide wafers to simulate the lens damage caused by the cleaning chemicals. In case, a mega sonic power is not suitable for scanners last lens element in production FABs, the emulsion concept has also been adopted to remove the lens organic contaminants. We have studied many chemical and mechanical methods for tool cleaning, and identified those that possess good organic solubility and particle removal efficiency. These cleaning methods will be used in periodic maintenance procedures to ensure freedom from defects in immersion lithography.
50th Anniversary Perspective: Polymer Brushes: Novel Surfaces for Future Materials (2017)

Polymer brushes have become a significant focus of polymer research with the need for straightforward and versatile surface modification. With the development of controlled radical polymerization from surfaces, new theoretical models, and sophisticated characterization tools, the resulting ability to control brush density and brush thickness gives unparalleled control over surface properties and functionality. By increasing brush density, a stretched brush conformation is formed as a result of constraining the cross-sectional area of that brush strand which thereby influences the interactions of molecules with the brush surface. The associated residual stress also gives polymer brushes properties distinct from an equivalent layer of coated polymer chains. Examples of uncharged and charged “grown from” polymer brushes, the effect of architecture on physical behavior, and the influence of nanoscale patterning will be described. The use of brush surfaces in biology relevant applications will be discussed and include resistance to nonspecific binding, cell bioadhesion, their use as platforms for biosensors, thermoresponsive surfaces, and targeted protein binding.
Figure S2 from A KDM5 Inhibitor Increases Global H3K4 Trimethylation Occupancy and Enhances the Biological Efficacy of 5-Aza-2′-Deoxycytidine (2023)

&lt;p&gt;DAC &amp; KDM5i induced expression changes&lt;/p&gt;
Self-organized (111) faceted NiSi2source and drain for advanced SOI MOSFETs (2006)

Self-organized (111) faceted NiSi <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> source and drain structure with segregated dopants in the NiSi <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /Si interfaces has been proposed for aggressively scaled SOI MOSFETs. The advantages of this source and drain structure are a superior short-channel effect (SCE) immunity and a very small parasitic resistance. The SCE is suppressed by a trapezoidal shape of the channel and by a small variation in the channel length that is obtained thanks to the epitaxial growth of NiSi <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> on Si. The significant effects of the channel shape and the variation-free channel length are also confirmed by the numerical simulation. Owing to the low-temperature annealing at 600degC for NiSi <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> formation and dopants activation, wider selections of gate metal and high-k gate dielectric are possible. Moreover, NiSi <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> is the most Si-rich phase among nickel silicides family and thermally stable. Self-organized (111) faceted NiSi <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> source/drain structure is thus quite promising for future CMOS devices
Genome-wide analysis of Claviceps paspali: insights into the secretome of the main species causing ergot disease in Paspalum spp (2021)

Based on predictions from DNA sequence and RNA-seq, unique probable secreted proteins and probable pathogenicity factors were identified in C. paspali isolates. This information opens new avenues in the study of the biology of this fungus and how it modulates the interaction with its host. Knowledge of the diversity of the secretome and putative pathogenicity genes should facilitate future research in disease management of Claviceps spp.
Novel Indoor Positioning Mechanism Via Spectral Compression (2015)

Received signal strength (RSS) measurements are important in indoor location solutions based on WiFi, cellular networks or Bluetooth. RSS-based positioning involves two phases, namely, learning and estimation. The database sizes required both for the learning and for the estimation phases grow rapidly as the network coverage areas and the number of access points number increase. Achieving large-scale/global localization solutions would be possible if the database size bottlenecks were solved. We present here an innovative approach based on spectral compression, which allows a tremendous reduction in the database sizes in both learning and estimation phases. We introduce the new concept of compressed RSS images. We show how, through an astute 2-D frequency analysis, only a fraction of the transform-domain components need to be stored and transferred to/from the mobiles. Our idea is validated with WiFi real-life measurements from five multistory buildings. We show that our method is able to provide comparable results with the traditional fingerprinting approach, but with up to 80% reduction in the database sizes.
Erectile Function and Sexual Satisfaction: The Importance of Asking About Sexual Desire (2019)

Abstract Introduction Erectile function, libido, and sexual bother are incompletely correlated: a man may or may not be satisfied for a given level of erectile function; similarly, 2 men may have the same erectile function and different levels of sexual desire. Aim To explore the relationship between erectile function, sexual satisfaction and sexual desire. Methods We examined the Spearman correlation among erectile function (International Index of Erectile Function [IIEF-6]), sexual desire, and sexual bother in 3,944 questionnaires completed by patients after radical prostatectomy as part of routine care. IIEF-6 scores were adjusted if a patient indicated that the reason for not having intercourse was other than lack of ability of confidence (eg, lack of partner). Main Outcome Measure Patient-reported outcome instruments. Results Median age at surgery and preoperative IIEF-6 were 63 years and 26, respectively. Among questionnaires completed after surgery, there was moderate correlation among the IIEF-6 score and both sexual desire (Spearman rho: 0.41) and sexual bother (Spearman rho: 0.30). In men who reported high or moderate bother relating to sexual function, there was a narrow distribution of erectile function scores, with most men reporting poor function (median IIEF-6: 6, interquartile range 3, 11). For men who reported small or no problem with sexual function, the distribution of erectile function scores was wide, and particularly bimodal as a function of sexual desire. Among patients with high desire, the correlation between sexual bother and erectile function was 0.61 (ie, the poorer is your function, the greater you are bothered), whereas it was -0.081 among patients with low desire, meaning that some men are not bothered by poor erections. Clinical Implications We provided useful insights to help physicians during sexual counselling after surgery for prostate cancer. Strength &amp; Limitations The study included a large number of patients and provides evidence for implementation of patient-reported outcome insturments. Limitations include the retrospective nature of our data. Conclusion Sexual desire helps explain the moderate correlation between erectile function and sexual bother. Sexual desire and bother questions should be incorporated in patient-reported outcome instruments for male sexual function.
History of 5G Initiatives (2020)

In March 2020, NTT DOCOMO began providing commercial fifth-generation mobile communications systems (5G) services, which we have been studying since about 2010.Since then, we have steadily released products supporting 5G, including six smartphone models and one data communications device (a Wi-Fi router), and have introduced seven services utilizing the high speed and high capacity of 5G, such as "Shintaikan Live CONNECT," which enables multi-angle (multi-viewpoint) and virtual-reality live viewing.This article describes the history of NTT DOCOMO's development work and co-creation with partner companies and organizations in actualizing 5G, from when we started studying 5G through to provision of these services.
Predictive Markers for Targeted Breast Cancer Treatment (2020)

Many new immunohistochemical (IHC) markers are currently being tested for predictive potential for various therapies in breast cancer. This chapter reviews current IHC and fluorescent in situ hybridization-based predictive markers in breast and the challenges associated with the development and implementation of predictive markers in future. A predictive marker indicates sensitivity or resistance to a specific treatment. In contrast, a prognostic marker predicts a tumor’s future behavior independent of systemic adjuvant treatment. Current IHC testing in pathology laboratories is subjective and semiquantitative, as slides are scored manually and using chromogenic dyes. The use of computer-assisted analysis of predictive markers has been proven to reduce slide-scoring variability among pathologists. Authors foresee the introduction of image analysis as a standard tool for IHC scoring, which will begin the process of moving the analytical phase from the microscope to the computer screen.
Avenanthramide Aglycones and Glucosides in Oat Bran: Chemical Profile, Levels in Commercial Oat Products, and Cytotoxicity to Human Colon Cancer Cells (2018)

Avenanthramides (AVAs), unique phytochemicals in oat, have attracted an increasing amount of attention due to their outstanding health benefits. However, the chemical profile and the levels of AVAs in commercial oat products as well as their health benefits have not been examined in detail. In the present study, a total of 29 AVA aglycones and AVA glucosides were identified and characterized from oat bran using NMR (1D and 2D NMR) and LC-MS techniques. Among them, 17 novel AVA glucosides were reported in oat bran for the first time. The most abundant AVA glucoside, 2c-3'- O-glc, had a similar growth inhibitory activity with the major AVA, 2c, against HCT-116 and HT-29 human colon cancer cells, indicating glucosylation does not affect the growth inhibitory effects of AVAs. Furthermore, the levels of all individual AVAs in 13 commercial oat products were analyzed using HPLC-MS/MS. The total AVAs contents in various oat products ranged from 9.22 to 61.77 mg/kg (fresh weight).
Multiplexed Proteomics Technology for the Fluorescence Detection of Phosphorylation and Protein Expression Levels Using Pro-Q® Diamond and SYPRO® Ruby Dyes (2005)

The reversible phosphorylation of serine, threonine, and tyrosine residues is arguably one of the most important covalent posttranslational modifications regulating the functional status of proteins in eukaryotic organisms. Tools and techniques for determining the phosphorylation status of proteins and peptides thus play a prominent role in the investigation of diverse biological phenomena, including signal transduction, cell division, cell motility, apoptosis, metabolism, differentiation, gene regulation, and carcinogenesis. Typically, cells or isolated proteins are labeled with 32 P or 33 P prior to gel electrophoresis using protein kinases (1). The phosphoproteins are then usually detected by autoradiography, using film or storage phosphor imaging screens. In vitro radiolabeling provides a measure only of the phosphate groups attached during the actual labeling. No information is provided with respect to the physiological phosphorylation status of the proteins (2). Radiolabeling phosphoproteins also presents safety issues associated with handling the material and contamination of instrumentation (3).
Induction of maturation of cumulus-oocyte complex by gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog is associated with lower progesterone secretion. (1994)

Induction of ovulation by CG in women subjected to in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer results in maturation of the cumulus-oocyte complex (COC) in terms of oocyte meiotic maturation, cumulus mucification, and an increase in progesterone (P4) secretion. Recently an alternative approach, in which the ovulatory processes are induced by the administration of GnRH analog (GnRHa), has resulted in COCs yielding viable embryos. In the present study the effect of GnRHa administration on oocyte meiotic maturation and cumulus cell steroidogenesis was evaluated in 27 women undergoing ovarian stimulation with gonadotropin for the purpose of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. In GnRHa- or CG-treated women, 79.5 +/- 4.2% and 72.0 +/- 8.4% of the oocytes, respectively, manifested the first polar body. The percentages of atretic oocytes and of oocytes failing to resume meiosis were 5.8 +/- 2.1% and 6.0 +/- 2.4%, respectively, in GnRHa-treated women, and were 9.3 +/- 4.7% and 7.9 +/- 4.1%, respectively, in CG-treated women. P4 was secreted in high quantity in human cumulus cells (CCs) during a 7-day culture period. However, in CCs collected from GnRHa-treated women, P4 secretion was more than 50% less than in CCs of CG-treated women (P < 0.005). Addition of 20 alpha-hydroxycholesterol significantly increased P4 secretion in CCs collected from GnRHa-treated women, similar to P4 secretion in CCs collected from CG-treated women. This study evaluated for the first time the effectiveness of GnRHa administration on COC maturation. It seems that although oocyte meiotic maturation in GnRHa-treated women proceeds as in CG-stimulated women, CC steroidogenic activity is marked by cholesterol deficiency or availability.
ChemInform Abstract: EFFICIENT SYNTHESIS OF THE CORTICOSTEROID SIDE CHAIN FROM 17‐KETONES (1981)

Abstract Das aus dem Amin (II) zugängliche Isonitril (III) reagiert mit dem Steroidketon (I) zur Verbindung (IV), die in mehreren Schritten ohne Reinigung der Zwischenstufe (V) in das Acetat (VIII) umgewandelt wird.
Soluble Single‐Molecule Nanogels of Controlled Structure as a Matrix for Efficient Artificial Enzymes (2006)

Copy cats! Soluble single-molecule nanogels (see STEM micrograph; scalebar=20 nm) with a densely packed structure are prepared by a new method, and for the first time efficient molecular imprinting is possible. These nanogels with defined molecular weights of, for example, 40 000 Da, low polydispersities, and on average one active site per particle proved to be catalytically active enzyme mimics. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2006/z503926_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
A VCR servo IC with self-calibrating adaptive speed control (1985)

A single chip servo VLSI utilizing shallow grooved high density bipolar technology, based on multi-plateau epitaxy and triple layer wiring with thin film technology, will be reported. The IC control has 6k gates and 1000 analog components.
rf SQUID detector for single-ion trapping experiments (1988)

We have designed and constructed a novel superconducting detector sensitive enough to detect the axial motion of a single, trapped ion. This detector employs a tuned, superconducting transformer matched to a rf SQUID (superconducting quantum interference device) to yield an effective current sensitivity of 2.7×10−15A/(Hz)1/2 at 160 kHz. To optimize the detection system, we have used existing small-signal equivalent circuit models, and thus have tested these models in a new regime. We include details of our superconducting circuitry and of the modifications required to stabilize the commerical SQUID controls at 160 kHz. Finally, we present typical detected signals from trapped ions.
Ultrathin Regioregular Poly(3-hexyl thiophene) Field-Effect Transistors (2002)

Ultrathin films of regioregular poly(3-hexyl thiophene) (RR-P3HT) were deposited through a dip-coating technique and utilized as the semiconducting film in field-effect transistors (FETs). Proper selection of the substrate and solution concentration enabled the growth of a monolayer-thick RR-P3HT film. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), UV−vis absorption spectroscopy, X-ray reflectivity, and grazing incidence diffraction were used to study the growth mechanism, thickness and orientation of self-organized monolayer thick RR-P3HT films on SiO2 surfaces. Films were found to adopt a Stranski−Krastanov-type growth mode with formation of a very stable first monolayer. X-ray measurements show that the direction of π-stacking in the films (the (010) direction) is parallel to the substrate, which is the preferred orientation for high field-effect carrier mobilities. The field-effect mobilities in all ultrathin films prepared in this study are lower than those obtained for thicker films spun on similar substrates. However, monolayer FETs provide a direct experimental system to study the charge transport at the charge accumulation layer.
Multiple Scanning Beam Antenna Configuration for Space Applications Using Reflectarrays (2019)

In this presentation, a new satellite antenna configuration realized by a TX and a RX reflectarray antenna will be proposed. Each antenna is composed of multiple horns and a single layer flat reflectarray. It radiates scanning beams with different radiation directions in azimuth due to polarization and each scanning beam with different radiation directions depending on frequency covers an elongate area in elevation. Each user in the service area selects the optimum frequency band and polarization determined by the position of the user. If 3 dB gain reduction is allowed, half of the frequency band can be used like the conventional multiple spot beam antenna configuration.
DeepPortraitDrawing: Generating Human Body Images from Freehand Sketches (2022)

Researchers have explored various ways to generate realistic images from freehand sketches, e.g., for objects and human faces. However, how to generate realistic human body images from sketches is still a challenging problem. It is, first because of the sensitivity to human shapes, second because of the complexity of human images caused by body shape and pose changes, and third because of the domain gap between realistic images and freehand sketches. In this work, we present DeepPortraitDrawing, a deep generative framework for converting roughly drawn sketches to realistic human body images. To encode complicated body shapes under various poses, we take a local-to-global approach. Locally, we employ semantic part auto-encoders to construct part-level shape spaces, which are useful for refining the geometry of an input pre-segmented hand-drawn sketch. Globally, we employ a cascaded spatial transformer network to refine the structure of body parts by adjusting their spatial locations and relative proportions. Finally, we use a global synthesis network for the sketch-to-image translation task, and a face refinement network to enhance facial details. Extensive experiments have shown that given roughly sketched human portraits, our method produces more realistic images than the state-of-the-art sketch-to-image synthesis techniques.
Tailoring Free Electron Spontaneous Emission from Graphene using Shaped Electron Wavepackets (2022)

Photons emitted via bremsstrahlung are inherently incoherent and non-directional. We show that the intrinsic cross-section of bremsstrahlung from crystalline solids can be enhanced and made directional by shaping the quantum wave nature of free electrons.
Managing network security-a pragmatic approach (2002)

An efficient management is needed to make use of different security mechanisms in large networks. All mechanisms have to be configured consistently according to the security policy. To reduce complexity, the administrator should not have to cope with details not important for him. In the presented concept the network is divided into several administrative domains which are managed rather independently from each other. Each domain maintains its own network access control policy (NAP). The enterprise-wide policy is a combination of all NAPs. It is enforced by different security mechanisms and configuration can be derived from the global access policy automatically. Existing security mechanisms can be integrated by simply adding a policy transformation unit.