gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Borehole Casing Sources for Electromagnetic Imaging of Deep Formations (2014)

Abstract The borehole to surface electromagnetic (BSEM) and crosswell electromagnetic (EM) methods have been shown to produce adequate subsurface electric current to image fluid distribution at reservoir depth. These methods have been proven to be an efficient way to transmit EM signals deep into the reservoir, but their field deployment is potentially expensive and logistically challenging. This is because several days of logging conveyance inside a borehole is required to implement them. The ability to efficiently transmit EM signals inside the reservoir without a wellbore intervention has a tremendous potential impact in terms of cost reduction and deployment opportunity for reservoir fluid mapping and monitoring, thanks to EM technologies in the field. In BSEM a current electrode is placed inside the wellbore at reservoir depth and a counter electrode is located adjacent to the wellhead at the surface. The reservoir fluids are then imaged through measurements of several hundred EM receivers deployed at the surface. An innovative approach illustrated in this work is using a borehole casing to provide a way to introduce an electric current into the earth at considerable depth. A new way to increase the current flowing in the subsurface at large offsets from the well is to combine a casing with one or more remote surface electrodes, located at a radial distance of approximately the casing depth. Contrary to common expectations, a conducting casing is actually an advantage when used in conjunction with an electric source. Further, we analyze the performance of two specific variants of a casing with remote electrodes, showing the capability to detect small electrical features at a depth of 2 km out to greater than 2 km from the well. One of these source configurations has the considerable advantage that it does not require any well intervention for downhole operation. The model projections are compared to pilot surveys conducted in Saudi Arabia and at two sites in the USA with well depths of up to 2,100 m. Finally, we project the capability to detect small volumes of bypassed oil and establish the location of the oil-water boundary at significant depth and offset from a vertical well.
Hybrid Organic/Inorganic Thin‐Film Multijunction Solar Cells Exceeding 11% Power Conversion Efficiency (2015)

Hybrid multijunction solar cells comprising hydrogenated amorphous silicon and an organic bulk heterojunction are presented, reaching 11.7% power conversion efficiency. The benefits of merging inorganic and organic subcells are pointed out, the optimization of the cells, including optical modeling predictions and tuning of the recombination contact are described, and an outlook of this technique is given.
Piezoelectric Characteristics of ZnO Films Deposited Using an Electron Cyclotron Resonance Sputtering System (1992)

Piezoelectric properties of ZnO films were investigated for the first time by means of an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) sputtering system. It is confirmed that this system is capable of depositing a ZnO film with a large specific resistance, a good piezoelectric property and good c -axis orientation on an interdigital transducer (IDT)/glass substrate at a low temperature (less than 200°C) and under low gas pressure (∼10 -4 Torr). These ZnO films exhibited excellent surface acoustic wave (SAW) characteristics (insertion losses) and effective electromechanical coupling factors ( k eff ) compared with ZnO films deposited by a conventional RF magnetron sputtering system. Furthermore this ECR sputtering system was capable of depositing a ZnO film capable of driving a Rayleigh SAW of 700 MHz, without heating the substrate (room temperature), while it was impossible to drive such a wave conventionally, using other sputtering systems.
Bequinostating C and D, new inhibitors of glutathione S-transferase, produced by Steptomyces sp. Mi384-DF12. (1993)

Benastatins have been isolated as part of a program designed to find microorganism-produced inhibitors of glutathione S-transferase from Streptomyces sp. MI384-DF12. They were purified by chromatography of reversed-phase silica gel, silica gel and Capcell Pak C18 (HPLC) followed by solvent extraction and then isolated as yellow powders. Benastatins A and B have the molecular formulae, C30H28O7 and C30H30O7, respectively. They were competitive with 3, 4-dichloronitrobenzene as the substrate, and the inhibition constants (Ki) of benastatins A and B were 5.0 × 10-6 and 3.7 × 10-6, respectively.
Development of an HIV Clinical Cohort Database for Enhancing Epidemiologic Surveillance in Hong Kong (2009)

The Hong Kong HIV Cohort Database is an observational cohort including all patients enrolled in 2 HIV specialist clinical services in Hong Kong. Basic demographics, HIV transmission category, and the diagnoses of AIDS were captured using a standardized template. As of December 2006, 2132 HIV cases had been registered in the database, representing two thirds of all reports submitted to the government's surveillance system. Non-Chinese and young females≤24 years were less represented in the cohort. Description of cohort cases was, however, more complete in terms of transmission category and presentation with AIDS-defining illnesses. Overall, Pneumocystis jirovecci, tuberculosis, and systemic mycosis accounted for a majority of AIDS cases within 3 months of HIV diagnosis. There was a gradual rise of HIV positive men having sex with men in the cohort, notably after 2002, an observation also made in other Asian countries.
Transport and Pattern Formation in Granular Materials on a Vibratory Conveyor (2005)

The presented vibratory conveyor is a prototype device for the systematic analysis of the transport properties of granular materials on vibrating surfaces. First results for circular oscillations show granular surface waves in a certain range of frequencies. In the near future, considerable trials measuring the transport and mixing properties of bulk solids by diverse vibration adjustments are intended.
Evolution of the Morphology of Zinc Oxide/Silica Particles Made by Spray Combustion (2004)

Pure and mixed ZnO–SiO 2 particles were made by flame‐spray pyrolysis of zinc acetate and hexamethyldisiloxane or SiO 2 sol dispersed in methanol or water‐in‐oil emulsion, respectively. The product particles were characterized by nitrogen adsorption, infrared absorption, and X‐ray diffraction. The evolution of solid or hollow particle formation along the flame axis was unraveled by transmission electron microscopy after collection by thermophoretic sampling. The effects of silicon precursor and solvent on product particle characteristics were evaluated. The characteristics of the product particles were controlled by the Si precursor and solvent.
Biotechnological interventions inWithania somnifera(L.) Dunal (2015)

Withania somnifera is one of the most valued plants and is extensively used in Indian, Unani, and African systems of traditional medicine. It possess a wide array of therapeutic properties including anti-arthritic, anti-aging, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory, chemoprotective, cardioprotective, and recovery from neurodegenerative disorders. With the growing realization of benefits and associated challenges in the improvement of W. somnifera, studies on exploration of genetic and chemotypic variations, identification and characterization of important genes, and understanding the secondary metabolites production and their modulation has gained significant momentum. In recent years, several in vitro and in vivo preclinical studies have facilitated the validation of therapeutic potential of the phytochemicals derived from W. somnifera and have provided necessary impetus for gaining deeper insight into the mechanistic aspects involved in the mode of action of these important pharmaceutically active constituents. The present review highlights some of the current developments and future prospects of biotechnological intervention in this important medicinal plant.
Single-photon avalanche diode fabricated in standard 55 nm bipolar-CMOS-DMOS technology with sub-20 V breakdown voltage (2023)

This paper presents a single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) in 55 nm bipolar-CMOS-DMOS (BCD) technology. In order to realize a SPAD having sub-20 V breakdown voltage for mobile applications while preventing high tunneling noise, a high-voltage N-well available in BCD is utilized to implement the avalanche multiplication region. The resulting SPAD has a breakdown voltage of 18.4 V while achieving an excellent dark count rate of 4.4 cps/µm<sup>2</sup> at the excess bias voltage of 7 V in spite of the advanced technology node. At the same time, the device achieves a high peak photon detection probability (PDP) of 70.1% at 450 nm thanks to the high and uniform E-field. Its PDP values at 850 and 940 nm, wavelengths of interest for 3D ranging applications reach 7.2 and 3.1%, respectively, with the use of deep N-well. The timing jitter of the SPAD, full width at half maximum (FWHM), is 91 ps at 850 nm. It is expected that the presented SPAD enables cost-effective time-of-flight and LiDAR sensors with the advanced standard technology for many mobile applications.
Robust Power Flow and Three-Phase Power Flow Analyses (2018)

Robust simulation is essential for reliable operation and planning of transmission and distribution power grids. At present, disparate methods exist for steady-state analysis of the transmission (power flow) and distribution power grid (three-phase power flow). Due to the nonlinear nature of the problem, it is difficult for alternating current power flow and three-phase power flow analyses to ensure convergence to the correct physical solution, particularly from arbitrary initial conditions, or when evaluating a change (e.g., contingency) in the grid. In this paper, we describe our equivalent circuit formulation approach with current and voltage variables, which models both the positive sequence network of the transmission grid and three-phase network of the distribution grid without loss of generality. The proposed circuit models and formalism enables the extension and application of circuit simulation techniques to solve for the steady-state solution with excellent robustness of convergence. Examples for positive sequence transmission and three-phase distribution systems, including actual 75k+ nodes Eastern Interconnection transmission test cases and 8k+ nodes taxonomy distribution test cases, are solved from arbitrary initial guesses to demonstrate the efficacy of our approach.
High Voltage Breakdown Limits of Molybdenum and Carbon-based Grids for Ion Thrusters (2005)

An investigation of the high voltage breakdown thresholds for molybdenum and carbon-based electrodes used in ion thruster accelerator grids has been undertaken. The maximum electric field for the onset of field emission, and the threshold for arc initiation, has been measured for graphite, carbon-carbon composite, pyrolytic graphite and molybdenum with different surface treatments. Modification of the electrode surfaces due to arcing events, and the subsequent impact on the voltage hold off capability of the surfaces, has been determined for voltages of up to 15 kV and electric fields in excess of 100 kV/cm. The surface damage is well characterized by the amount of charge transfer in the arc, not the stored energy in the power supply. Both conditioning and damage to the surfaces have been observed, and are related to the characteristics of the materials and the electrical breakdowns. The voltage hold off capability of the surfaces was found to be well characterized by the field emission threshold after the arcing events, by the amount of Coulomb-transfer in the arc, and by surface modification apparent in SEM photographs of the subsequent surfaces. The results suggest values for the maximum reliable electric fields that should be used in the design of thruster ion optics using these materials. The results of `these experiments on the carbon and molybdenum surfaces for voltages of up to 15 kV and for electrode gaps up to 4 mm are presented. Nomenclature E = energy in an arc I = current running in an arc P = power running in a arc Q = total charge transferred in an arc t = time Va = voltage drop across the arc I.
[Organizing pneumonia: diagnosis and treatment]. (2012)

According to current classifications, organizing pneumonia (OP) belongs to the group of diffuse parenchymatous diseases of the lungs. Morphological picture of OP is characterized by the presence of polypoid granulation tissue consisting of proliferating fibroblasts and myofibroblasts in the gap of respiratory bronchioles. In most cases OP is idiopathic. Among the causes, most significant are diffuse diseases of the connective tissue and complications of pharmacotherapy. OP develops more frequently in 50-60-year old males and females. Typical for OP is an acute/subacute course with a clinical picture of bacterial pneumonia. Mean duration of the symptoms to diagnosis is 2-6 months. Roentgenologically, OP often presents with spotted bilateral (less often unilateral) dense consolidation foci of subpleural location; pulmonary volumes are, as a rule, unaffected. OP treatment of choice is administration of glucocorticosteroid drugs. The prognosis of OP is favourable, most of the patients are completely cured by glucocorticosteroids.
Clinical and Hemodynamic Results of Intraaortic Balloon Pumping and Surgery for Cardiogenic Shock (1972)

The AVCO balloon pump has been employed in treating 40 patients with cardiogenic shock from acute myocardial infarction (CS-MI). All patients were given a trial of medical therapy with hemodynamic monitoring. The time from the development of shock to institution of intraaortic balloon pumping (IABP) was less than 24 hours in all but nine patients. Prior to IABP the mean hemodynamic values were: cardiac index (CI) 1.7 liters/min/m 2 ; mean arterial pressure (MAP) 66 mm Hg; pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAW) 22 mm Hg. After 24-48 hours of IABP the CI and MAP had increased 0.8 liters/min/m 2 and 8 mm Hg, respectively, and the PAW had decreased 4.8 mm Hg. During IABP the shock syndrome was reversed in 31 patients. Four of 25 patients treated with IABP alone survived to be discharged, but two have died from subsequent infarctions. Because of the persistent high mortality, 15 patients judged unable to survive off IABP have undergone emergency surgical procedures with IABP continuing during preoperative angiography and postoperatively. Six were long-term survivors. It is concluded: (1) IABP is a safe, effective means of supporting the circulation in CS-MI; (2) IABP alone will improve survival in some patients; (3) IABP can provide circulatory support during angiography and the perioperative period in patients requiring revascularization for survival; and (4) some patients with CS-MI have myocardial necrosis too extensive to permit survival without permanent circulatory assistance or total cardiac replacement.
Oxynitride Coatings - Opportunities and Challenges from an Industrial Perspective (2011)

The development of wear resistant coatings produced by different PVD techniques has mainly been focused onmetal-nitride and metal-carbide coatings, such as (Ti,Al)N, (Cr,Al)N, Ti(C,N) and (Ti,Si)N ...
A Quantitative Comparison of Epistemic Uncertainty Maps Applied to Multi-Class Segmentation (2021)

Uncertainty assessment has gained rapid interest in medical image analysis. A popular technique to compute epistemic uncertainty is the Monte-Carlo (MC) dropout technique. From a network with MC dropout and a single input, multiple outputs can be sampled. Various methods can be used to obtain epistemic uncertainty maps from those multiple outputs. In the case of multi-class segmentation, the number of methods is even larger as epistemic uncertainty can be computed voxelwise per class or voxelwise per image. This paper highlights a systematic approach to define and quantitatively compare those methods in two different contexts: class-specific epistemic uncertainty maps (one value per image, voxel and class) and combined epistemic uncertainty maps (one value per image and voxel). We applied this quantitative analysis to a multi-class segmentation of the carotid artery lumen and vessel wall, on a multi-center, multi-scanner, multi-sequence dataset of Magnetic Resonance (MR) images. We validated our analysis over 144 sets of hyperparameters of a model. Our main analysis considers the relationship between the order of the voxels sorted according to their epistemic uncertainty values and the misclassification of the prediction. Under this consideration, the comparison of combined uncertainty maps reveals that the multi-class entropy and the multi-class mutual information statistically out-perform the other combined uncertainty maps under study (the averaged entropy, the averaged variance, the similarity Bhattacharya coefficient and the similarity Kullback-Leibler divergence). In a class-specific scenario, the one-versus-all entropy statistically out-performs the class-wise entropy, the class-wise variance and the one versus all mutual information. The class-wise entropy statistically out-performs the other class-specific uncertainty maps in term of calibration. We made a python package available to reproduce our analysis on different data and tasks.
Downstaging by combination therapy with flutamide and an LHRH agonist before radical prostatectomy. (1995)

A total of 161 patients diagnosed as having stage B (134 patients) or C (27 patients) prostate cancer were randomly assigned to radical prostatectomy alone or to 3 months of neoadjuvant combination therapy with the anti-androgen flutamide and an LHRH agonist before radical prostatectomy. Neoadjuvant combination therapy before radical prostatectomy decreased cancer positive surgical margins from 33.8% in the control group to only 7.8%, thus leaving 92.2% of patients with negative margins at surgery for a 39.2% increase in specimen confined disease. Although on average the final stage determined at histopathological examination of the surgical specimen was more advanced than predicted at initial diagnosis in 33.8% of control patients, an opposite observation was made in the group of men who received the 3 month neoadjuvant combination therapy where the final stage, instead of being more advanced, was less advanced than at diagnosis in an average of 21.1% of men for a net 54.9% improvement of staging in favour of combination therapy. On the other hand, organ confined disease increased from 49.3% to 77.8% of patients after 3 months of combination therapy, for a 57.9% increase in the incidence of organ confined disease. Although long term follow up of these patients is required to determine the impact on survival, the marked influence of neoadjuvant combination therapy on the stage of the disease suggests the possibility of a major improvement in the morbidity and mortality from prostate cancer.
Structural and electrical characterization of a ‐plane GaN grown on a ‐plane SiC (2003)

Planar nonpolar () a-plane GaN thin films were grown on () a-plane 6H-SiC substrates via metalorganic chemical vapor deposition by depositing a high temperature AlN buffer layer prior to the epitaxial GaN growth. The orientation of the GaN film and AlN buffer layer directly match that of the SiC substrate, as determined by on- and off-axis X-ray diffraction measurements. The morphological evolution of GaN grown on the AlN buffer layers was investigated using atomic force microscopy. Microstructural characterization of the coalesced a-plane GaN films provided by plan-view transmission electron microscopy revealed threading dislocation and stacking fault densities of ∼3 × 1010 cm−2 and ∼7 × 105 cm−1, respectively. Structural comparisons to a-plane GaN films grown on r-plane sapphire substrates are presented. Si-doped films were grown with a variety of Si/Ga ratios and electrically characterized using Hall effect measurements. A maximum Hall mobility of 109 cm2/Vs was attained at a carrier concentration of 1.8 × 1019 cm−3.
Permethyltitanocene Tellurides and Ditellurides. X-ray Structures of [(C5Me5)2Ti]2(.mu.-Te) and (C5Me5)2Ti(.eta.2-Te2) (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPermethyltitanocene Tellurides and Ditellurides. X-ray Structures of [(C5Me5)2Ti]2(.mu.-Te) and (C5Me5)2Ti(.eta.2-Te2)Jason M. Fischer, Warren E. Piers, Leonard R. MacGillivray, and Michael J. ZaworotkoCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1995, 34, 10, 2499–2500Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00114a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00114a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views173Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Characterization of the Global Bias Problem in Aerial Federated Learning (2022)

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) mobility enables flexible and customized federated learning (FL) at the network edge. However, the underlying uncertainties in the aerial-terrestrial wireless channel may lead to a biased FL model. In particular, the distribution of the global model and the aggregation of the local updates within the FL learning rounds at the UAVs are governed by the reliability of the wireless channel. This creates an undesirable bias towards the training data of ground devices with better channel conditions, and vice versa. This paper characterizes the global bias problem of aerial FL in large-scale UAV networks. To this end, the paper proposes a channel-aware distribution and aggregation scheme to enforce equal contribution from all devices in the FL training as a means to resolve the global bias problem. We demonstrate the convergence of the proposed method by experimenting with the MNIST dataset and show its superiority compared to existing methods. The obtained results enable system parameter tuning to relieve the impact of the aerial channel deficiency on the FL convergence rate.