gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Advanced Scan Chain Failure Analysis Using Laser Modulation Mapping and Continuous Wave Probing (2011)

Abstract A variety of EFA techniques have been deployed to improve scan chain failure isolation. In contrast to other laser techniques, modulation mapping (MM) does not require electrically perturbing of the device. Beginning with a review of MM and continuous-wave (CW) probing as well as shift debug using MM, this paper presents three case studies involving scan chains with subtle resistive and leakage failure mechanisms, including transition, bridge, and slow-to-rise/fall failures, using a combination of these techniques. Combining modulation mapping with laser probing has proven to be a very effective and efficient methodology for isolating shift defects, even challenging timing-related shift defects. So far, every device submitted for physical failure analysis using this workflow has led to successful root cause identification. The techniques are sufficiently non-invasive and straightforward that they can be successfully applied at wafer level for volume, yield-oriented EFA.
T-Cell-Dependent Antibody Response to the Dominant Epitope of Streptococcal Polysaccharide,N-Acetyl-Glucosamine, Is Cross-Reactive with Cardiac Myosin (2000)

Autoantibodies against myosin are associated with myocarditis and rheumatic heart disease. In this study, the antigenic cross-reactivity of myosin and N-acetyl-glucosamine (GlcNAc), the dominant epitope of Group A streptococcal polysaccharide, was examined. Six antimyosin monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) derived from mice with cardiac myosin-induced myocarditis were characterized. All MAbs cross-reacted with GlcNAc, mimicking a subset of MAbs derived from rheumatic carditis patients that bind both myosin and streptococcal polysaccharide. Variable (V) region gene usage was diverse, with five of six MAb heavy-chain V regions encoded by distinct members of the J558 family and the sixth encoded by a member of the VGAM3.8 family. Light-chain V-region segments were derived from the Vk1, Vk4/5, Vk10, and Vk21 families. These antimyosin, anti-GlcNac MAbs demonstrated several T-cell-dependent features: they were predominantly immunoglobulin G, were encoded by V-region genes expressed late in development, and displayed somatic mutation. A direct correlation between the extent of somatic mutation and the affinity for myosin was observed. Affinity for GlcNAc also increased with the frequency of mutation, demonstrating that affinity maturation can occur simultaneously for both self antigen and foreign antigen. Based on these observations, we immunized mice with GlcNAc coupled to bovine serum albumin and demonstrated that a T-cell-dependent response to GlcNAc leads to antimyosin reactivity. We speculate that the pathogenic antibody response in rheumatic carditis may reflect the conversion of a T-cell-independent response to GlcNAc to a T-cell-dependent cross-reactive response to GlcNAc and myosin.
The crystal and molecular structure of ellagic acid dihydrate: a dietary anti-cancer agent (1991)

The crystal and molecular structure of ellagic acid dihydrate has been determined by X-ray diffraction techniques. This acid inhibits the carcinogenic properties of a variety of chemical compounds including benzo[alpha]pyrene-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide, aflatoxin B1, N-methyl-N-nitrosourea, 3-methyl-cholanthrene and 7,12-dimethylbenz[alpha]anthracene. Ellagic acid dihydrate forms triclinic crystals with unit cell dimensions: a = 7.656(1) A, b = 9.563(1)A, c = 4.623(1) A, alpha = 97.88(1) degrees, beta = 103.2(1) degrees, gamma = 102.22(1) degrees, V = 315.9 A3, space group = P1. There is a center of symmetry in the crystal coinciding with the center of the molecule, so that there is only one molecule in the unit cell. Ellagic acid is planar and molecules are interconnected by hydrogen bonds to water, giving rise to layers of molecules throughout the crystal. Its activity and anti-cancer properties are compared with those of a similar naturally occurring compound, quercetin.
Integrated frequency-domain digital hearing aid with the lapped transform (1992)

This paper presents a frequency domain digital hearing aid based upon the new lapped transform, which has the ability to eliminate the blocking effects inherent in traditional frequency domain filtering. Incorporated into the new digital hearing aid are the functions of frequency shaping, acoustic feedback cancellation and periodic noise reduction.
Reduction of gaseous contamination by UV/photoelectron method (1998)

We have previously reported that UV/photoelectron method, in which particles are charged by photoelectrons emitted from the UV irradiated metal surface and collected on the electrodes by the electric field, is effective to collect particles in the gas phase. This paper represents that the UV/photoelectron method is effective not only to collect particles but also to reduce the gaseous contamination such as hydrocarbon or organic compounds and water molecules. By using the UV/photoelectron method the carbon atom concentration on the Si surface is reduced to 1/4 compared with that stored in the clean room for the storage period of about 40 h. The oxygen concentration is reduced to 1/7 in the same condition.
Multivalent Contrast Agents Based on Gadolinium−Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic Acid-Terminated Poly(propylene imine) Dendrimers for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2004)

A convenient methodology has been developed for the synthesis of gadolinium−diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Gd−DTPA)-terminated poly(propylene imine) dendrimers as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In our strategy, isocyanate-activated, tert-butyl-protected DTPA analogues were coupled to different generations of poly(propylene imine) dendrimers. Deprotection of the tert-butyl esters with trifluoroacetic acid in dichloromethane and extensive dialysis afforded gadolinium-chelating poly(propylene imine) dendrimers. The corresponding Gd−DTPA-based dendritic contrast agents were prepared from GdCl3 in either water or citrate buffer. Atomic force microscopy and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy experiments of the fifth-generation Gd−DTPA based dendritic contrast agent in citrate buffer demonstrated the presence of well-defined spherical particles with nanoscopic dimensions (5−6 nm), and no self-aggregation of dendrimers was observed. The efficiencies of these dendritic contrast agents in MRI, expressed in terms of longitudinal (r1) and transverse (r2) relaxivities, were determined at 1.5 T at 20 °C. The r1 and r2 values increase considerably with increasing generation of Gd−DTPA-terminated dendrimer. The fifth-generation dendritic contrast agent displays the highest ionic relaxivities (per gadolinium), r1 = 19.7 mM-1 s-1 and r2 = 27.8 mM-1 s-1, which are substantially higher than the ionic relaxivities of parent Gd−DTPA. Moreover, a series of combined gadolinium and yttrium complexes of the fifth-generation dendrimer are prepared, resulting in well-defined dendritic contrast agents with tunable molecular relaxivities.
Resampling Images to a Regular Grid From a Non-Regular Subset of Pixel Positions Using Frequency Selective Reconstruction (2015)

Even though image signals are typically defined on a regular 2D grid, there also exist many scenarios where this is not the case and the amplitude of the image signal only is available for a non-regular subset of pixel positions. In such a case, a resampling of the image to a regular grid has to be carried out. This is necessary since almost all algorithms and technologies for processing, transmitting or displaying image signals rely on the samples being available on a regular grid. Thus, it is of great importance to reconstruct the image on this regular grid, so that the reconstruction comes closest to the case that the signal has been originally acquired on the regular grid. In this paper, Frequency Selective Reconstruction is introduced for solving this challenging task. This algorithm reconstructs image signals by exploiting the property that small areas of images can be represented sparsely in the Fourier domain. By further considering the basic properties of the optical transfer function of imaging systems, a sparse model of the signal is iteratively generated. In doing so, the proposed algorithm is able to achieve a very high reconstruction quality, in terms of peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity measure as well as in terms of visual quality. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is able to outperform state-of-the-art reconstruction algorithms and gains of more than 1 dB PSNR are possible.
Involvement of p21WAF1/CIP1, pRB, Bax and NF-κB in induction of growth arrest and apoptosis by resveratrol in human lung carcinoma A549 cells (2003)

Resveratrol, a polyphenolic phytoalexin found in grapes, may have the potential for prevention and therapy for human cancer. We report here that resveratrol inhibits the growth of human lung carcinoma A549 cells and provides molecular understanding of this effect. Resveratrol treatment of A549 cells resulted in a concentration-dependent induction of S phase arrest in cell cycle progression. This anti-proliferative effect of resveratrol was associated with a marked inhibition of the phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein (pRB) and concomitant induction of cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitor p21WAF1/CIP, which appears to be transcriptionally upregulated and is p53- dependent. In addition, resveratrol treatment resulted in induction of apoptosis as determined by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometric analysis. These effects were found to correlate with an activation of caspase-3 and a shift in Bax/Bcl-xL ratio more towards apoptosis. Resveratrol treatment also inhibited the transcriptional activity of nuclear transcription factor kappaB (NF-kappaB). Taken together, these findings suggest that resveratrol has strong potential for development as an agent for prevention against human lung cancer.
Oleuropein Promotes Neural Plasticity and Neuroprotection via PPARα-Dependent and Independent Pathways (2023)

Oleuropein (OLE), a main constituent of olives, displays a pleiotropic beneficial dynamic in health and disease; the effects are based mainly on its antioxidant and hypolipidemic properties, and its capacity to protect the myocardium during ischemia. Furthermore, OLE activates the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARα) in neurons and astrocytes, providing neuroprotection against noxious biological reactions that are induced following cerebral ischemia. The current study investigated the effect of OLE in the regulation of various neural plasticity indices, emphasizing the role of PPARα. For this purpose, 129/Sv wild-type (WT) and <i>Pparα</i>-null mice were treated with OLE for three weeks. The findings revealed that chronic treatment with OLE up-regulated the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor TrkB in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of mice via activation of the ERK1/2, AKT and PKA/CREB signaling pathways. No similar effects were observed in the hippocampus. The OLE-induced effects on BDNF and TrkB appear to be mediated by PPARα, because no similar alterations were observed in the PFC of <i>Pparα</i>-null mice. Notably, OLE did not affect the neurotrophic factors NT3 and NT4/5 in both brain tissues. However, fenofibrate, a selective PPARα agonist, up-regulated BDNF and NT3 in the PFC of mice, whereas the drug induced NT4/5 in both brain sites tested. Interestingly, OLE provided neuroprotection in differentiated human SH-SY5Y cells against β-amyloid and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> toxicity independently from PPARα activation. In conclusion, OLE and similar drugs, acting either as PPARα agonists or via PPARα independent mechanisms, could improve synaptic function/plasticity mainly in the PFC and to a lesser extent in the hippocampus, thus beneficially affecting cognitive functions.
Immediate Postoperative Fluid Retention and Weight Gain After Shoulder Arthroscopy (2005)

Weight gain immediately after shoulder arthroscopy is a common finding. Although no complications were seen in this group of patients, both patients and surgeons should be aware of this concern after shoulder arthroscopy and the potential complications related to it.
A STUDY ON INTERNAL FIXATION OF COMPOUND FRACTURES OF TIBIA USING INTERLOCKING NAIL WITHOUT REAMING (2016)

As one-third of the tibial surface is subcutaneous throughout its length, open fractures are commonly encountered in this bone. The factors which determine the outcome of these fractures are severity of the injury, indicated by the degree of initial displacement, comminution and soft tissue injury and the damage to the tibial blood supply. In open fractures not only is the endosteal circulation disrupted but also the periosteal circulation, because of periosteal stripping. The various available options of treatment such as conservative short leg or long leg casting, open reduction and internal fixation with plates and screws, intramedullary fixation (Including Ender pins, Intramedullary nails and Interlocking Intramedullary nails with reaming or without reaming) and external fixation techniques have their own advantages and disadvantages. The present study was conducted in the Department of Orthopaedics, Gandhi Hospital, during the period from October 2013 to November 2015, to evaluate the results of internal fixation with interlocking intramedullary nailing without reaming in the treatment of the open fractures of tibia. In our study, we got 91% good-to-excellent results evaluated by Johner and Wruh criteria. We opine that closed unreamed interlocking intramedullary nailing yields good-to-excellent results in compound diaphyseal fractures of the tibia, as this technique allows a good control over the rotations with axial stability of the fracture, thus maintaining the length of the limb and enabling early joint motion. The endosteal blood supply is also well preserved. These factors help in lowering the rates of infection, malunions and non-unions.
Adenovirus Vector-Mediated Doxycycline-Inducible RNA Interference (2004)

RNA interference (RNAi) is a powerful tool for the knockdown of gene expression. Here, we report on the development of an adenovirus (Ad) vector-mediated doxycycline (Dox)-inducible small interfering RNA (siRNA) expression system. We used this siRNA system to control the expression of p53 and c-Myc in human cancer cells. Coinfection of Ad vectors containing the siRNA expression system under the control of the Dox-inducible H1 promoter and Ad vectors expressing a tetracycline repressor inhibited the expression levels of p53 and c-Myc in a dose-dependent manner with both Dox and viral dose. Regulated silencing of p53 and c-Myc expression was obtained. Because an Ad vector-mediated inducible RNAi system can efficiently transduce a variety of cell types in vitro and in vivo, and the degree of loss of gene expression can be modulated according to the dose of Dox, this expression system should be a useful tool for both basic research on the analysis of gene function and therapeutic applications of RNAi.
Performance and characterization of rhenium-modified Rh–Ir alloy catalyst for one-pot conversion of furfural into 1,5-pentanediol (2014)

Rh–Ir–ReO<sub>x</sub>/SiO<sub>2</sub> catalyst with ReO<sub>x</sub>-modified Ir–Rh alloy particles can convert furfural to 1,5-PeD in high yield.
A Combination of Swirl Ratio and Injection Strategy to Increase Engine Efficiency (2017)

The support of GM Global R&D and the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (TRA2014-58870-R,) is greatly acknowledged.
POLYMERIZATION OF WATER-SOLUBLE CONDUCTIVE POLYPHENOL USING HORSERADISH PEROXIDASE (2001)

Template assisted enzymatic polymerization of phenol has been carried out in aqueous media at room temperature. The templates used to facilitate this reaction, were polystyrene sulfonate, lignin sulfonate and dodecyl benzene sulfonate. The enzyme, horseradish peroxidase, proved to be an active catalyst for the polymerization, yielding a phenolic polymer that is permanently complexed with the template used. These polyphenol complexes are high molecular weight, soluble in water and/or mixed organic solvents and show good thermal stability. Under certain conditions, physical SPS-polyphenol gels can be formed in water that have high ionic conductivity. UV-vis, FTIR and electro-absorption spectroscopy show the presence of significant backbone conjugation and NLO properties. This novel enzymatic approach is a simple, inexpensive and environmentally friendly way to prepare processable polyphenolic materials with interesting electrical and optical properties.
The dependence of the intensity of surface scattered signals on surface wave characteristics. (2009)

The compensation for the fluctuations in surface scattered signals remains one of the challenges for reliable and high rate underwater acoustic communications systems. Communication using phase coherent signals relies on the ability of the receiver to track the fluctuations in the impulse response of the channel between the transmitter and receiver. Techniques that can exploit a priori statistical characterizations of the fluctuations of the arrivals in the channel impulse response (fading statistics) will generally outperform systems that do not have access to such information. While fading statistics in radio communications is generally assumed to be Rayleigh or Rician, prior work [J. C. Preisig and G. B. Deane, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 116, 2067–2080 (2004)] has shown that surface wave focusing can significantly change channel fading statistics. The physical basis for the intensity of surface scattered signals for both isolated specular scattering points and caustics developed in [C. T. Tindle and G. B. Deane, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 117, 2783–2794 (2005)] relates intensity to ray geometry parameters. In this work, surface wave characteristics are related to both the source to receiver ranges at which normal focused specular scattering and caustics will occur and to the intensities of the surface scattered arrivals in each case. Experimental data are presented comparing theoretically predicted and measured intensities.
Calcium binding to the isolated β-hydroxyaspartic acid-containing epidermal growth factor-like domain of bovine factor X (1989)

Coagulation factor X is a vitamin K-dependent protein composed of discrete domains or modules. A proteolytically modified derivative of factor X that lacks the NH2-terminal gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla)-containing region retains one Ca2+ binding site. To localize this Gla-independent Ca2+ binding site and to facilitate future studies aimed at elucidating structure-function relationship in the factor X molecule, we have devised a method to isolate the first beta-hydroxyaspartic acid (Hya)-containing epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domain from proteolytic digests of bovine factor X performed under strictly controlled conditions. The EGF-like domain, corresponding to residues 45-86 in bovine factor X, was obtained in more than 50% recovery, and was at least 98% homogeneous as judged by NH2-terminal sequence analysis. Ca2+ binding to the isolated EGF-like domain was studied by 1H NMR spectroscopy. On binding of Ca2+ to the domain the resonances from Tyr-68 centered at 6.8 ppm were affected. The Ca2+ concentration dependence of the chemical shift was used to calculate the Ca2+ binding constant, resulting in a K alpha of 4 X 10(3) M-1 at pH 8.5 and 1 X 10(3) M-1 at pH 7.4, the higher value presumably reflecting an increase in negative surface charge due to deprotonation of a histidine residue with a pK alpha of 7.4. The NMR spectra gave no evidence of a conformational change in the EGF-like domain between pH 6 and 8.5.
Integrin β1 Promotes the Interaction of Murine IgG3 with Effector Cells (2019)

Abs exert several of their effector functions by binding to cell surface receptors. For murine IgG3 (mIgG3), the identity of its receptors (and the very existence of a receptor) is still under debate, as not all mIgG3 functions can be explained by interaction with FcγRI. This implies the existence of an alternate receptor, whose identity we sought to pinpoint. We found that blockage of integrin β1 selectively hampered binding of mIgG3 to macrophages and mIgG3-mediated phagocytosis. Manganese, an integrin activator, increased mIgG3 binding to macrophages. Blockage of FcγRI or Itgb1 inhibited binding of different mIgG3 Abs to variable extents. Our results are consistent with the notion that Itgb1 functions as part of an IgG receptor complex. Given the more ancient origin of integrins in comparison with FcγR, this observation could have far-ranging implications for our understanding of the evolution of Ab-mediated immunity as well as in immunity to microorganisms, pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, and Ab engineering.
Reverberation Vertical Coherence and Sea-Bottom Geoacoustic Inversion in Shallow Water (2004)

Optimal array-processing techniques in the ocean often require knowledge of the spatial coherence of the reverberation. A mathematical model is derived for the reverberation vertical coherence (RVC) in shallow water (SW). A method for analysis of RVC data is introduced. Measured reverberation cross-correlation coefficients as a function of time and frequency, obtained during the Asian Seas International Acoustic Experiment (ASIAEX) in the East China Sea, are reported. SW reverberation from a single shot provides a continuous spatial sampling of the surrounding sound field up to several tens of kilometers and holds valuable information on the geoacoustic properties of the sea floor over this distance. SW reverberation data can, therefore, be used as the basis for a quick and inexpensive method for geoacoustic inversion and has the obvious advantage that acquiring the data in situ requires only a single platform. This paper considers the use of the vertical coherence of the reverberation as the starting point for such an inversion. Sound speed and attenuation in the sea bottom at the ASIAEX site are obtained over a frequency range of 100-1500 Hz by finding values that provide the best match between the measured and predicted RVC.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of Azetidin‐2‐ones, Precursors of Biologically Active syn‐3‐Amino‐2‐hydroxybutanoic Acids. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.