gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prediction of survival in glioma patients by means of positron emission tomography (1985)

The aim of this study was to determine whether positron emission tomography (PET) with fluorine-18 (18F)-2-deoxyglucose (FDG) can be used as a prognostic test in patients with high-grade cerebral gliomas, regardless of the treatment given. Forty-five patients with astrocytoma Grade III or IV were included in this analysis. The mean survival time of patients with tumors exhibiting high glucose utilization as determined by PET-FDG was 5 months, whereas patients with gliomas showing lower glucose utilization had a mean survival period of 19 months. It is postulated that PET-FDG scans reflect the biological behavior of high-grade astrocytomas and may be used to predict the survival time of patients harboring such neoplasms.
Proteoglycans and Amyloid Fibrillogenesis (2007)

A brief discussion of the general structure of proteoglycans is followed by a description of the diverse nature of amyloids. Using the murine form of inflammation-associated (AA) amyloid, we have examined the temporal and anatomical relationship between the heparan sulfate proteoglycan, its mRNA and AA amyloid deposition in vivo. The in vitro effect of heparan sulfate on the secondary structure of amyloid precursors, and on amyloid peptides, suggests that this interaction is important in amyloidogenesis. The relationship of these two components likely reflects a more general process taking place between basement membrane proteins (which may be synthesized by a variety of cell types within and outside the CNS) and amyloid precursors. A general definition of in vivo amyloid deposits emerges from these considerations as do concepts for interfering with amyloidogenesis. Preliminary results showing the effect of small molecule aliphatic sulfonates and sulfates on in vitro amyloid beta-protein fibrillogenesis and AA amyloidogenesis in vivo supports the general process presented and suggests therapeutic strategies for treating amyloid-based diseases.
Compositional changes in the channel layer of an amorphous In–Ga–Zn-O thin film transistor after thermal annealing (2012)

In order to investigate the possible reason for the improved device performances of amorphous In–Ga–Zn-O (a-IGZO) thin film transistors after thermal annealing, changes in the elemental concentrations in the a-IGZO channel regions and related device performances due to thermal annealing were observed. It was found that thermal annealing introduces a substantial level of oxygen deficiencies in the channel layer accompanying significantly enhanced device performances. The improved device performances are attributed to the oxygen deficiency which is believed to be averaged over the entire structure to function as shallow donors increasing the carrier concentrations. Such a deduction was supported by the changes in the absorption spectra of the a-IGZO films with various thermal histories.
Experimental Hydrocarbon Consumption Rate Correlations From a Spark Ignition Engine (1997)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The objective of this research was to develop a global correlation for hydrocarbon (HC) emissions from a homogeneous charge spark ignition engine. Engine experiments were performed with a single-cylinder engine over a wide range of speed, load, spark timing and air/fuel ratios using both n-butane and iso-octane for fuels. A global HC consumption rate correlation was developed that was able to predict measured HC emissions from both fuels to within 15 percent over all operating conditions. The results imply that the majority of the HC consumption takes place in the bulk gas at temperatures higher than 1500 K, and that for part load, low speed operating conditions, the majority of the HC consumption takes place within the cylinder &lt;i&gt;before&lt;/i&gt; the exhaust valve opens.&lt;/div&gt;
EXCITE-VM (2016)

Multi-core programming remains a major software development and maintenance challenge because of data races, deadlock, non-deterministic failures and complex performance issues. In this paper, we describe EXCITE-VM, a system that provides snapshot isolation transactions on shared memory to facilitate programming and to improve the performance of parallel applications. With snapshots, an application thread is not exposed to the committed changes of other threads until it receives the updates by explicitly creating a new snapshot. Snapshot isolation enables low overhead lockless read operations and improves fault tolerance by isolating each thread from the transient, uncommitted writes of other threads. This paper describes how EXCITE-VM implements snapshot isolation transactions efficiently by manipulating virtual memory mappings and using a novel copy-on-read mechanism with a customized page cache. Compared to conventional software transactional memory systems, EXCITE-VM provides up to 2.2x performance improvement for the STAMP benchmark suite and up to 1000x speedup for a modified benchmark having long running read-only transactions. Furthermore, EXCITE-VM achieves a 2x performance improvement on a Memcached benchmark and the Yahoo Cloud Server Benchmarks. Finally, EXCITE-VM improves fault tolerance and offers features such as low-overhead concurrent audit and analysis.
Structures of New and Known Cyanoglucosides from a North American Plant, Purshia tridentata DC. (1994)

A new cyanoglucoside, purshianin (1), was isolated together with a known cyanoglucoside, menisdaurin (2a), from stems of Purshia tridentata DC. (Rosaceae) collected in Oregon, U.S.A. and the structure was established as (4S, 6S)-(Z)-6-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-4-hydroxy-2-cyclohexene-Δ1, α-acetonitrile (1) based on chemical and spectral evidence. Notably, the absolute structure of 1 and the revised stereostructure (2), (4S, 6R)-(Z)-6-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-4-hydroxy-2-cyclohexene-Δ1, α-acetonitrile for menisdaurin were decided based on combined studies of difference NOE spectra and Dreiding model inspection.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses of Carboranylpyrroles. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Case Study of Process Variation-Based Domain Partitioning of GPGPUs (2018)

We can unlock higher performance in general purpose graphics processing unit (GPGPU) chips by adhering to local environment conditions while setting a timing (clock) reference. We propose partitioning the GPU chip into smaller independent domains to enable finer control of the chip voltage frequency (V/F) settings. Post silicon (Si) analysis is used to classify the domains as fast, 'typical', or slow. This information is then provided to the system management unit (SMU) to enable the appropriate settings for power optimization. In this paper, we present an initial analysis of power/performance associated with fine-grain domains in GPUs.
Efficient computational models of electromagnetic coupling through general tortuous-path, narrow-slot apertures into shielded systems (2003)

Electromagnetic coupling can adversely impact a multitude of applications. The primary coupling issues are electromagnetic compatibility and interference, either intentional or unintentional. The functionality of the systems involved, which typically consist of numerous subsystems operating concurrently, can be characterized in terms of their susceptibility, vulnerability and survivability in the electromagnetic environment in which they are expected to operate. Coupling through unforeseen apertures such as the tortuous-path, lapped seam depicted in the paper into conducting cavities containing multiple thin conducting elements is the major thrust of this work. To model realistic coupling problems, it is necessary to develop a model which includes a three-dimensional representation of the slot/cavity/wire configuration. Specifically, such a model should incorporate narrow slot apertures having depth, loss and gaskets, bolt loads, backed by arbitrarily-shaped cavities, filled with inhomogeneous, lossy dielectrics, and thin wires in arbitrary configurations. The widely varying scales in such a system provides a challenge to a numerical model in terms of both accuracy and efficiency. This is especially true in a development engineering environment in which the engineer typically has a desk-top workstation on which to perform an analysis.
GaAs nano-ridge lasers on silicon (Conference Presentation) (2020)

The silicon photonics platform is still missing a native source. Therefore, using a novel epitaxial process based on aspect ratio trapping and nano-ridge engineering we demonstrated an powerfull approach to fabricate GaAs-InGaAs lasers directly on a standard silicon substrate. In depth morphological and optical characterisation confirms the high quality of the material. We demonstrated lasing from DFB-type devices with etched gratings and with metal gratings. In the presentation we will also discuss the possibility for coupling to standard silicon waveguides and for extending the emission to longer wavelengths.
Crystal structure of Deep Vent DNA polymerase (2017)

DNA polymerases are useful tools in various biochemical experiments. We have focused on the DNA polymerases involved in DNA replication including the unnatural base pair between 7-(2-thienyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (Ds) and 2-nitro-4-propynylpyrrole (Px). Many reports have described the different combinations between unnatural base pairs and DNA polymerases. As an example, for the replication of the Ds-Px pair, Deep Vent DNA polymerase exhibits high efficiency and fidelity, but Taq DNA polymerase shows much lower efficiency and fidelity. In the present study, we determined the crystal structure of Deep Vent DNA polymerase in the apo form at 2.5 Å resolution. Using this structure, we constructed structural models of Deep Vent DNA polymerase complexes with DNA containing an unnatural or natural base in the replication position. The models revealed that the unnatural Ds base in the template-strand DNA clashes with the side-chain oxygen of Thr664 in Taq DNA polymerase, but not in Deep Vent DNA polymerase.
Discovery of BMS-986318, a Potent Nonbile Acid FXR Agonist for the Treatment of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (2021)

Herein we report the discovery and preclinical biological evaluation of 6-(2-(5-cyclopropyl-3-(3,5-dichloropyridin-4-yl)isoxazol-4-yl)-7-azaspiro[3.5]non-1-en-7-yl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)quinoline-2-carboxylic acid, compound <b>1</b> (BMS-986318), a nonbile acid farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonist. Compound <b>1</b> exhibits potent in vitro and in vivo activation of FXR, has a suitable ADME profile, and demonstrates efficacy in the mouse bile duct ligation model of liver cholestasis and fibrosis. The overall profile of compound <b>1</b> supports its continued evaluation.
ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDIES OF TIME‐COURSE AND CELLULAR SPECIFICITY OF INTERLEUKIN‐1 MEDIATED ISLET CYTOTOXICITY (1987)

Previous electron-microscopic studies of isolated islets of Langerhans exposed to the monokine interleukin-1 for 7 days have indicated that interleukin-1 is cytotoxic to all islet cells. To study the time-course and possible cellular specificity of interleukin-1 cytotoxicity to islets exposed to interleukin-1 for short time periods, isolated rat or human islets were incubated with or without 25 U/ml highly purified human interleukin-1 for 24 h. Samples of rat islets were taken after 5 min, 30 min, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 20 and 24 h and samples of human islets after 5 min, 30 min and 24 h of incubation and examined by electron microscopy in a blinded fashion. Already after 30 min, accumulation of opaque intracytoplasmic bodies without apparent surrounding membranes, and autophagic vacuoles were seen in about 20% of the beta cells examined in rat islets exposed to interleukin-1. After 16 h of incubation with interleukin-1, more than 80% of rat beta cells showed signs of degeneration. Beta cell specific changes similar to those observed in rat islets exposed to IL-1 for 30 min were seen in human islets exposed to IL-1 for 24 h. The described changes were not observed in alpha cells in interleukin-1-treated rat or human islets, or in alpha and beta cells in control islets. Passing interleukin-1 over columns containing Sepharose-coupled anti-interleukin-1 antibody completely removed the beta cell cytotoxic action on rat islets.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Effect of bending direction on the mechanical behaviour of 3.5 mm String-of-Pearls and Limited Contact Dynamic Compression Plate constructs (2015)

This study found that SOP showed less variability between the orthogonal bending directions than LC-DCP in a comminuted fracture model, and also described the bi-planar bending behaviour of both constructs. Although not exhibiting identical bending properties in both planes, SOP constructs had a more homogenous bending behaviour in orthogonal loading directions. The difference between the SOP with a circular cross sectional shape compared to the rectangular shape of standard plates is probably responsible for this difference.
In-vivo-Testsysteme für Protein-Protein-Wechselwirkungen: eine Methode nicht nur für Proteine (2001)

Zelluläre Testsysteme können zur Detektion von Wechselwirkungen zwischen Proteinen und DNA, RNA oder kleinen Molekülen verwendet werden. Das Zwei-Hybrid-System in Hefe, das zum Nachweis von Protein-Protein-Wechselwirkungen eingesetzt wird, kann so verändert werden, dass auch Wechselwirkungen zwischen Liganden (im Bild dunkelgelb) und Rezeptoren (DHFR oder GR) detektiert werden können. Ein kleines aus den verknüpften Liganden bestehendes Molekül wird verwendet, um zwei Fusionsproteine zusammenzuführen (DHFR-DBD und AD-GR), wobei das Reportergen aktiviert wird.
Toward Quantum Optics with Free Electrons (2020)

The weak coupling between free electrons and light remains the limiting factor that has prevented access to versatile electron–photon physics, such as the entanglement of individual photons and electrons. This year, we demonstrated that photonic cavities can increase the coupling strength of electrons and light by more than an order of magnitude.
Far-infrared spectroscopy of quadruply bonded M2X4L4 complexes (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFar-infrared spectroscopy of quadruply bonded M2X4L4 complexesMichael D. Hopkins, Vincent M. Miskowski, Patrick M. Killough, Alfred P. Sattelberger, William H. Woodruff, and Harry B. GrayCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1992, 31, 26, 5368–5374Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00052a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00052a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views140Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Hydroisomerization and hydrocracking activity enhancement of a hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolite catalyst via atomic layer deposition of aluminium (2016)

A superior isomerization–hydrocracking catalyst was fabricated using atomic layer deposition of aluminium on a hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolite.
Comparative Density Functional Study of Methanol Decomposition on Cu4 and Co4 Clusters (2010)

A density functional theory study of the decomposition of methanol on Cu(4) and Co(4) clusters is presented. The reaction intermediates and activation barriers have been determined for reaction steps to form H(2) and CO. For both clusters, methanol decomposition initiated by C-H and O-H bond breaking was investigated. In the case of a Cu(4) cluster, methanol dehydrogenation through hydroxymethyl (CH(2)OH), hydroxymethylene (CHOH), formyl (CHO), and carbon monoxide (CO) is found to be slightly more favorable. For a Co(4) cluster, the dehydrogenation pathway through methoxy (CH(3)O) and formaldehyde (CH(2)O) is slightly more favorable. Each of these pathways results in formation of CO and H(2). The Co cluster pathway is very favorable thermodynamically and kinetically for dehydrogenation. However, since CO binds strongly, it is likely to poison methanol decomposition to H(2) and CO at low temperatures. In contrast, for the Cu cluster, CO poisoning is not likely to be a problem since it does not bind strongly, but the dehydrogenation steps are not energetically favorable. Pathways involving C-O bond cleavage are even less energetically favorable. The results are compared to our previous study of methanol decomposition on Pd(4) and Pd(8) clusters. Finally, all reaction energy changes and transition state energies, including those for the Pd clusters, are related in a linear, Brønsted-Evans-Polanyi plot.
Optical Interconnections in the '80s (1990)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Joseph W. Goodman, "Optical Interconnections in the '80s," Optics & Photonics News 1(12), 21-23 (1990) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor deletion results in a reduced bone strength and quality (2013)

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences on calcified tissues ISSN 2052-1219 (online)
Kalman filter visual servoing control law (2014)

This paper introduces a Kalman filter based visual servoing control method that reduces noise sensitivity. It is shown to be completely controllable and observable under certain mild conditions. Visual servoing simulations are performed for a six-axis robot manipulator with both moving and static targets. The controller, if tuned properly, yields equivalent performance to Gauss-Newton for low-noise scenarios and improved performance in the presence of increased camera noise.
Designing a Prospective COVID-19 Therapeutic with Reinforcement Learning (2020)

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has created a global race for a cure. One approach focuses on designing a novel variant of the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) that binds more tightly to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and diverts it from human cells. Here we formulate a novel protein design framework as a reinforcement learning problem. We generate new designs efficiently through the combination of a fast, biologically-grounded reward function and sequential action-space formulation. The use of Policy Gradients reduces the compute budget needed to reach consistent, high-quality designs by at least an order of magnitude compared to standard methods. Complexes designed by this method have been validated by molecular dynamics simulations, confirming their increased stability. This suggests that combining leading protein design methods with modern deep reinforcement learning is a viable path for discovering a Covid-19 cure and may accelerate design of peptide-based therapeutics for other diseases.
Freeze-Fracture Electron-Microscope Observations of the Blue Phase III (1986)

Transmission-electron microscopy of chiral 4-(2-methylpentylphenyl)-4\ensuremath{'}-hexyloxybenzoate (CE4) quenched from its cholesteric and blue phases (BP) I and III are presented. Images of cholesteric and BP I are consistent with an earlier study of similar compounds. CE4 quenched from its BP III is a spaghettilike tangle of filamentary objects of 10- to 50-nm diameter and lengths of 0.1 to 1 \ensuremath{\mu}m. These are likely double-twist cylinders in a liquidlike arrangement, melted from their lattice structure in the BP I and II. BP III apparently has a basic, double-twisted structure whose sense and length scale correspond to BP I and BP II, but without the latter's long-range periodicity.
Obligate biotrophy features unraveled by the genomic analysis of rust fungi (2011)

Rust fungi are some of the most devastating pathogens of crop plants. They are obligate biotrophs, which extract nutrients only from living plant tissues and cannot grow apart from their hosts. Their lifestyle has slowed the dissection of molecular mechanisms underlying host invasion and avoidance or suppression of plant innate immunity. We sequenced the 101-Mb genome of Melampsora larici-populina, the causal agent of poplar leaf rust, and the 89-Mb genome of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, the causal agent of wheat and barley stem rust. We then compared the 16,399 predicted proteins of M. larici-populina with the 17,773 predicted proteins of P. graminis f. sp tritici. Genomic features related to their obligate biotrophic lifestyle include expanded lineage-specific gene families, a large repertoire of effector-like small secreted proteins, impaired nitrogen and sulfur assimilation pathways, and expanded families of amino acid and oligopeptide membrane transporters. The dramatic up-regulation of transcripts coding for small secreted proteins, secreted hydrolytic enzymes, and transporters in planta suggests that they play a role in host infection and nutrient acquisition. Some of these genomic hallmarks are mirrored in the genomes of other microbial eukaryotes that have independently evolved to infect plants, indicating convergent adaptation to a biotrophic existence inside plant cells.
High-speed surface display through hybrid processing (1990)

We propose a high-speed surface reconstruction from three-dimensional data through optical-digital hybrid processing.Surface images are currently reconstructed through digital processing, which takes a long time mainly because of the rotation and interpolation of the volume data. In the proposed system, slice images of threedimensional volume data are optically rotated and interpolated. In principle, one surface image can be obtained in the video rate when we use the same number of sets of optical processors as slices to be processed. Furthermore, this system could lead to a hybrid three-dimensional simulator; most operations such as rotation, cutting, digging holes, and peeling skins are interactively achieved at the video speed. Fundamental experiments are described that confirm the effectiveness of this method.
Rapid on-chip multi-step (bio)chemical procedures in continuous flow – manoeuvring particles through co-laminar reagent streams (2008)

We introduce a novel and extremely versatile microfluidic platform in which tedious multi-step biochemical processes can be performed in continuous flow within a fraction of the time required for conventional methods.