gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Observability analysis for surface sensor location in encased battery cells (2015)

Compact battery pack design and cooling requirements present significant challenges for the placement of temperature sensors. Typically, temperature sensors are located near the edge of the battery, and away from the hottest regions, which leads to slower response times and increased errors in the prediction of interior cell temperature. New sensor technology allows for sensor placement between cells to improve sensor performance. With the ability to place sensors anywhere on the exterior of the cell, an observability analysis is necessary to determine the optimal locations for these sensors. The analysis is performed using a spatial discretization of a validated electrothermal model. This model describes a 5 Ah Li-ion cell harvested from a Ford C-max 2013 pack. Given that the spatial discretization of the heat partial differential equation (PDE) governing the system results in singular values that are very small (numerically zero), two methods are presented in this paper to quantify observability and address the issue of optimal sensor placement. The optimal sensor placement between cells yields a 240% improvement (for 3 sensors on the surface) and 15% improvement (for one sensor on the surface) in observability over existing sensor placement near the top edge of the cell. The pack geometry and airflow conditions impact sensor placement. It is preferable to place the sensors towards the outlet side of the airflow as opposed to the inlet side, resulting in a 13% improvement in observability.
Magic Angle Spinning NMR of Proteins: High-Frequency Dynamic Nuclear Polarization and 1H Detection (2015)

Magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR studies of amyloid and membrane proteins and large macromolecular complexes are an important new approach to structural biology. However, the applicability of these experiments, which are based on (13)C- and (15)N-detected spectra, would be enhanced if the sensitivity were improved. Here we discuss two advances that address this problem: high-frequency dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) and (1)H-detected MAS techniques. DNP is a sensitivity enhancement technique that transfers the high polarization of exogenous unpaired electrons to nuclear spins via microwave irradiation of electron-nuclear transitions. DNP boosts NMR signal intensities by factors of 10(2) to 10(3), thereby overcoming NMR's inherent low sensitivity. Alternatively, it permits structural investigations at the nanomolar scale. In addition, (1)H detection is feasible primarily because of the development of MAS rotors that spin at frequencies of 40 to 60 kHz or higher and the preparation of extensively (2)H-labeled proteins.
Prospects for poor-man's cloaking with low-contrast all-dielectric optical elements (2009)

We discuss the prospects for low-contrast all-dielectric cloaking and offer a simple picture illustrating the basic obstacle for perfect cloaking without materials with an effective double-negative response. However, the same simple picture also gives directions for less perfect designs allowing for planar transmitted fields, but at the prize of phase-slips which can only be eliminated at well-defined frequencies where the phase-slip amounts to a multiple of 2pi. As a particular example, we consider assemblies of all-dielectric Luneburg lenses forming a porous structure allowing for hiding objects inside the pores, independently on the polarization of the incident field. Cloaking must in general be realized with metamaterials realized through sub-wavelength structures, i.e. Lambda\ll lambda with Lambda being the period and lambda the free-space wavelength. Interestingly, cloaking-like operations with Luneburg-lens arrays perform in the opposite limit with Lambda\gg lambda.
Preparation and control of surface properties of monodisperse micrometer size beads by dispersion copolymerization of styrene and butyl methacrylate in polar media (1995)

Abstract The dispersion copolymerization of styrene and butyl methacrylate in ethanol‐water medium to afford micrometer‐size monodisperse beads has been investigated. Hydroxypropyl cel‐lulose, poly (acrylic acid), and poly (vinylpyrrolidone) have been used as steric stabilizers, benzoyl peroxide and azobisisobutyronitrile as initiators. A novel steric stabilizing system consisting of a mixture of poly (acrylic acid) and hydroxypropyl cellulose has also been shown to lead to monodisperse beads for which the surface charge can be controlled by the relative ratio of steric stabilizers. The effect of several variables, such as the solvency of the medium, the concentration of co‐monomers, the reaction temperature, and the type of steric stabilizer and initiator used on the bead size and size distribution are discussed. © 1995 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Samen-TUNEL-Untersuchung: Ein wichtiger Test für ein IVF-Institut? (2008)

Einleitung: Aufgrund männlicher Infertilität werden schon 71 % (IVF-Register 2006) der österreichischen IVF-Versuche als ICSI (Intrazytoplasmatische Spermieninjektion) durchgeführt. Das Spermiogramm hat nur eine geringe Vorhersagekraft für den Erfolg dieser Behandlung. Hingegen wird die DNA-Fragmentierung von Spermatozoen als prognostischer Faktor diskutiert. TUNEL ("TdT mediated dUTP nick end labeling") ist, im Zusammenhang mit apoptotischen Vorgängen in Samenzellen, eine übliche Methode zur Feststellung solcher DNA-Strangbrüche. Ziel dieser Arbeit war, den tatsächlichen Einfluss einer erhöhten Rate TUNEL-positiver Spermatozoen auf die Befruchtungsrate, Entwicklung zu Achtzellern (Tag 3) und Blastozysten (Tag 5) sowie auf die Schwangerschaftsrate zu untersuchen. Patienten und Methoden: Samen von Paaren, welche sich einer künstlichen Befruchtung durch ICSI unterzogen, wurden durch Dichtegradient und darauf folgendes Swim-up aufbereitet, auf Objektträger ausgestrichen und dann mit dem FITC-In Situ Cell Death Detection Kit (Roche) gefärbt. Die Konzentration TUNEL-positiver Spermatozoen wurde am Fluoreszenzmikroskop ausgezählt und in Beziehung zum Schwangerschafts-Outcome gebracht. Resultate: Es wurden Samen von 56 Paaren untersucht. Ein Cut-off von 20 % TUNEL-positiver Spermatozoen wurde festgelegt. In die Gruppe mit hoher DNA-Fragmentierung fielen 12 Paare (21 %). Diese Gruppe zeigte eine deutlich niedrigere Schwangerschaftsrate (25 %) als die Gruppe mit niederer DNAFragmentierung (57 %). Diskussion: Durch eine erhöhte DNA-Fragmentierung von Spermatozoen wird die Schwangerschaftsrate bei etwa jedem fünften Paar mehr als halbiert. Ähnliche Zusammenhänge wurden auch in anderen Untersuchungen gezeigt. Als weiterführende Studie wäre es interessant zu untersuchen, inwieweit es bei einer Anwendung des Tests schon vor der ICSI und darauf folgender Behandlung des Mannes mit Antioxidantien oder Selektion der Samenzellen durch eine IMSI (Intrazytoplasmatische, morphologisch selektierte Spermieninjektion) zu einer Verbesserung der Schwangerschaftsrate kommen könnte.
Novel Ras antagonist blocks human melanoma growth (1999)

During past decades, knowledge of melanoma biology has increased considerably. Numerous therapeutic modalities based on this knowledge are currently under investigation. Advanced melanoma, nevertheless, remains a prime example of poor treatment response that may, in part, be the consequence of activated N-Ras oncoproteins. Besides oncogenic Ras, wild-type Ras gene products also play a key role in receptor tyrosine kinase growth factor signaling, known to be of importance in oncogenesis and tumor progression of a variety of human neoplasms, including malignant melanoma; therefore, it is reasonable to speculate that a pharmacological approach that curtails Ras activity may represent a sensible approach to inhibit melanoma growth. To test this concept, the antitumor activity of S-trans, trans-farnesylthiosalicylic acid (FTS), a recently discovered Ras antagonist that dislodges Ras from its membrane-anchoring sites, was evaluated. The antitumor activity of FTS was assessed both in vitro and in vivo in two independent SCID mouse xenotransplantation models of human melanoma expressing either wild-type Ras (cell line 518A2) or activated Ras (cell line 607B). We show that FTS (5-50 microM) reduces the amounts of activated N-Ras and wild-type Ras isoforms both in human melanoma cells and Rat-1 fibroblasts, interrupts the Ras-dependent extracellular signal-regulated kinase in melanoma cells, inhibits the growth of N-Ras-transformed fibroblasts and human melanoma cells in vitro and reverses their transformed phenotype. FTS also causes a profound and statistically significant inhibition of 518A2 (82%) and 607B (90%) human melanoma growth in SCID mice without evidence of drug-related toxicity. Our findings stress the notion that FTS may qualify as a novel and rational treatment approach for human melanoma and possibly other tumors that either carry activated ras genes or rely on Ras signal transduction more heavily than nonmalignant cells.
Absorption of Bioactive Molecules into OASIS Wound Matrix (2007)

Although OASIS Wound Matrix potentially has multiple functions in wound healing, it likely promotes wound healing, in part, by absorbing, retaining, and protecting bioactive molecules from the wound environment.
Absence of mutations in cereblon (CRBN) and DNA damage-binding protein 1 (DDB1) genes and significance for IMiD therapy (2013)

TEST 02 - Elsevier's Scopus, the largest abstract and citation database of peer-reviewed literature. Search and access research from the science, technology, medicine, social sciences and arts and humanities fields.
Effect of Solvents on the Structure of Dried Gel Prepared from Silicon Alkoxide (1990)

Dried gels prepared by the sol-gel method from a mixture of tetramethoxysilane (TMOS), water using a variety of solvents. The structure of dried gels was remarkably varied with the solvent used. The bulk density of dried gels decreased with decreasing vapor pressure of solvents except for 1, 4-dioxane. The bulk density of dried gel is closely related to the pore radius and pore volume. A dried gel with a small bulk density has a large pore radius and a large pore volume. Solvents with a long linear chain and a functional group which is exchangable with a silanol group were effective to prepare the dried gel with small bulk density and a large pore radius.
Extracted Ion Electropherogram (2016)

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy’s Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.
Über Sauerstoffradikale, IX. Dimerisierende Dehydrierung von Phenolen mittels 2.4.6‐Tri‐tert.‐butyl‐phenoxyls‐(1) (1958)

Abstract Die Dehydrierung sterisch stark behinderter Phenole mit freier p ‐Stellung bzw. solcher mit p ‐ständigem Halogen (Cl, Br, J) mittels 2.4.6‐Tri‐tert.‐butylphenoxyl‐(1) (Ar) wird in ihren verschiedenen Stufen untersucht. Als Zwischenprodukte der Reaktion lassen sich instabile Chinoläther nachweisen, deren radikalischer Zerfall in das stabile Ar und in ein instabiles Aroxyl mittels EPR‐Spektren verfolgt werden kann. — Als weitere Zwischenstoffe auf dem Weg zur Stabilisierung der instabilen Aroxyle lassen sich Bis‐cyclohexadienon‐Derivate isolieren, aus denen schließlich Diphenochinon‐Derivate als stabile Endprodukte entstehen. Damit ist hier der Weg instabiler Aroxyle in allen Zwischenstufen aufgeklärt.
Longitudinal evaluation of the mechanical properties of biomineralized osteoblasts (2007)

Understanding how biomineralization occurs in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of bone cells is crucial to the development of a successfully engineered bone tissue scaffold, and to date there has not been a well-established method for the quantitative examination of bone mineralization in situ. We investigated the mechanical properties of MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells in vitro using shear modulation force microscopy (SMFM). The elastic modulus of the mineralizing cells increased at time points corresponding to mineral production, whereas that of the non-mineralizing cells did not vary significantly over time.
Nonlinear Post-Compression of Mid-IR Pulses Using Multi-Pass Cells (2020)

We report numerical simulations showing self-compression of mid-IR pulses in a multi-pass cell. Balancing of self-phase modulation and material dispersion yields few-cycle pulses for λ 0 = 1.8, 3 and 6 μm wavelengths while mitigating self-focusing.
Domain based storage protection with secure access control for the cloud (2014)

Cloud computing has evolved from a promising concept to one of the fastest growing segments of the IT industry. How- ever, many businesses and individuals continue to view cloud computing as a technology that risks exposing their data to unauthorized users. We introduce a data confidential- ity and integrity protection mechanism for Infrastructure-as- a-Service (IaaS) clouds, which relies on trusted computing principles to provide transparent storage isolation between IaaS clients. We also address the absence of reliable data sharing mechanisms, by providing an XML-based language framework which enables clients of IaaS clouds to securely share data and clearly define access rights granted to peers. The proposed improvements have been prototyped as a code extension for a popular cloud platform.
A randomized approach to large-scale subspace clustering (2016)

Subspace clustering has become a popular tool for clustering high-dimensional non-linearly separable data. However, state-of-the-art subspace clustering algorithms do not scale well as the number of data increases. The present paper puts forth a novel randomized subspace clustering scheme for high-volume data based on random projections. Performance of the proposed method is assessed via numerical tests, and is compared with state-of-the-art subspace clustering and large-scale subspace clustering methods.
A technoeconomic and environmental life cycle comparison of green diesel to biodiesel and syndiesel (2009)

Abstract Green diesel, a renewable diesel fuel produced via the UOP/Eni Ecofining™ process, has the same fuel quality attributes as syndiesel but, over its life cycle, consumes less fossil fuel and generates less greenhouse gas emissions than petroleum diesel. From an investment standpoint, the production of green diesel is competitive with biodiesel. Moderately sized units consistent with current large‐scale biodiesel production can be economical, especially when integrated into an existing petroleum refinery. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2009.
Innenrücktitelbild: Fluoridchemie in Zinn‐Halogenid‐Perowskiten (Angew. Chem. 39/2021) (2021)

Die Kristallisation von Perowskiten auf Zinnbasis wird durch das Fluorid in SnF2 verbessert. Das Anion dieses typischen Additivs ist für eine homogenere Keimbildung bei der Bildung von Perowskit-Dünnschichten im Lösungsprozess verantwortlich. Darüber hinaus komplexiert Fluorid selektiv SnIV und verhindert dessen Einbau in die Perowskitstruktur, wie Jorge Pascual, Antonio Abate et al. in ihrem Forschungsartikel auf S. 21753 berichten.
Synthesis and Spectroscopic Analysis of a Cyclic Acetal: A Dehydration Performed in Aqueous Solution (2001)

The treatment of aldehydes (and ketones) with diols in the presence of acid gives acetals (and ketals) in an equilibrium reaction. Treatment of pentaerythritol with benzaldehyde in aqueous acid gives the monoacetal, 5,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-phenyl-1,3-dioxane. The reaction has a number of interesting features. The isolated product is the monobenzal not the dibenzal, and the reaction, a dehydration, is performed in water. The reaction proceeds to provide the acetal owing to the insolubility of the product in the aqueous reaction medium, thus removing the product from the equilibrium. This experiment is suitable for incorporation into the undergraduate organic laboratory as the synthesis of a product for characterization by melting point, solubility, and proton nuclear magnetic resonance. Only through recognition of the three-dimensional structure of the dioxane ring can students explain the appearance of the 1H NMR spectrum of the product. The hydroxymethyl groups of the product are inequivalent, as are the hydrogens of the methylenes in the ring. The experiment may also be presented as a group exercise to optimize the conditions of a reaction to maximize the yield of the desired product.
Nanometer-scale photon confinement inside dielectrics (2021)

Abstract Optical nanocavities confine and store light, which is essential to increase the interaction between photons and electrons in semiconductor devices, enabling, e.g., lasers and emerging quantum technologies. While temporal confinement has improved by orders of magnitude over the past decades, spatial confinement inside dielectrics was until recently believed to be bounded at the diffraction limit. The conception of dielectric bowtie cavities (DBCs) shows a path to photon confinement inside semiconductors with mode volumes bound only by the constraints of materials and nanofabrication, but theory was so far misguided by inconsistent definitions of the mode volume and experimental progress has been impeded by steep nanofabrication requirements. Here we demonstrate nanometer-scale photon confinement inside 8 nm silicon DBCs with an aspect ratio of 30, inversely designed by fabrication-constrained topology optimization. Our cavities are defined within a compact device footprint of 4 lambda^2 and exhibit mode volumes down to V = 3E-4 lambda^3 with wavelengths in the lambda = 1550 nm telecom band. This corresponds to field localization deep below the diffraction limit in a single hotspot inside the dielectric. A crucial insight underpinning our work is the identification of the critical role of lightning-rod effects at the surface. They invalidate the common definition of the mode volume, which is prone to gauge meretricious surface effects or numerical artefacts rather than robust confinement inside the dielectric. We use near-field optical measurements to corroborate the photon confinement to a single nanometer-scale hotspot. Our work enables new CMOS-compatible device concepts ranging from few- and single-photon nonlinearities over electronics-photonics integration to biosensing.
Optimization of field-programmable gate array logic block architecture for speed (2002)

The authors explore the effect of the choice of logic block on the speed of a field-programmable gate array (FPGA). A set of logic circuits was implemented as FPGAs, each using a different logic block, and the speed of the implementation was measured. While the result depends on the delay of programmable routing, experiments indicate that wide input PLA (programmable logic array)-style AND-OR gates, four- and five-input lookup tables, and certain multiplexer configurations produce the lowest total delay over the important values of routing delay. Furthermore, significant gains in performance (from 10% to 41% reduction in total delay) can be achieved by connecting a small number of logic blocks together using hard-wired connections.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Localization of the three GnRH types and GnRH receptors in the brain of a cichlid fish: Insights into their neuroendocrine and neuromodulator functions (2005)

The cognate receptor for any of the known gonadotropin-releasing hormones (GnRHs) has not been directly demonstrated. In order to establish this and shed light on the functions of GnRH types, we analyzed the neuroanatomical location and time of initial expression of three distinct GnRH receptors (GnRH-Rs) and the three endogenous GnRHs in the brain of developing and sexually mature tilapia Oreochromis niloticus using immunocytochemistry. In all age groups, including males and females, GnRH-RIA was seen specifically in gonadotropes (Parhar et al. [2002] J Neuroendocrinol 14:657-665) but was undetectable in the brain. On day 8 after fertilization, GnRH-RIB was first seen in the periventricular hypothalamus (lateral recess nucleus, posterior recess nucleus, posterior tuberal nucleus) and GnRH-RIII in the olfactory epithelium, olfactory bulb, telencephalon, preoptic region, mediobasal hypothalamus, thalamus, mesencephalon, and in the hindbrain. Double-label immunocytochemistry showed GnRH1 (Ser(8) GnRH)-immunoreactive neuronal processes projecting mainly to the proximal pars distalis of the pituitary, while GnRH2 (His(5), Trp(7), Tyr(8) GnRH) and GnRH3 (Trp(7), Leu(8) GnRH) fibers were observed in close association with cells containing GnRH-RIB and GnRH-RIII in the brain. These results suggest that GnRH-RIA might be hypophysiotropic in nature, whereas GnRH-RIB and GnRH-RIII could have additional neuromodulatory functions. Further, evidence of close proximity of GnRH-R-containing cells and neuronal processes of multiple GnRH types suggests complex cross-talk between several GnRH ligands and GnRH-Rs.
Beamformers for sparse recovery (2013)

In sparse recovery from measurement data a common approach is to use greedy pursuit reconstruction algorithms. Most of these algorithms have a correlation filter for detecting active components in the sparse data. In this paper, we show how modifications can be made for the greedy pursuit algorithms so that they use beamformers instead of the standard correlation filter. Using these beamformers, improved performance in the algorithms is obtained. In particular, we discuss beamformers for the average and worst case scenario and give methods for constructing them.
Medial unicompartmental arthroplasty after failed high tibial osteotomy (2001)

Satisfactory selection criteria are essential for the successful outcome of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UCA). We report the frequency of revision of the Oxford medial unicompartmental arthroplasty in knees previously treated for anteromedial osteoarthritis by high tibial osteotomy (HTO). The combined results from three sources were used to allow statistical analysis of this uncommon subgroup. In the combined series of 631 knees (507 patients) which had medial unicompartmental replacement, 613 were primary procedures and 18 were for a failed HTO. The mean follow-up times of the two groups were similar (5.8 years and 5.4 years, respectively). At review, 19 (3.1%) of the primary procedures and five (27.8%) of those undertaken for a failed HTO had been revised to total knee replacement. Survival analysis revealed the ten-year cumulative survivals to be 96% and 66%, respectively. The log-rank comparison of these survivals revealed a highly significant difference (p < 0.0001). We recommend that the Oxford UCA should not be used in knees which have previously undergone an HTO.