gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Fast and Selective Oxidation of Primary Alcohols to Aldehydes or to Carboxylic Acids and of Secondary Alcohols to Ketones Mediated by Oxoammonium Salts Under Two‐Phase Conditions. (1987)

Abstract The primary alcohols (I) are converted to the aldehydes (II) by treatment with sodium hypochlorite in the presence of a piperidine‐1‐oxyl radical.
Putting the “I” in Interaction: Interactive Interfaces Personalized to Individuals (2020)

Interactive data exploration and analysis is an inherently personal process. One's background, experience, interests, cognitive style, personality, and other sociotechnical factors often shape such a process, as well as the provenance of exploring, analyzing, and interpreting data. This Viewpoint posits both what personal information and how such personal information could be taken into account to design more effective visual analytic systems, a valuable and under-explored direction.
HAI-GEN 2023: 4th Workshop on Human-AI Co-Creation with Generative Models (2023)

Recent advances in generative AI have resulted in a rapid and dramatic increase in the fidelity of created artifacts, from realistic-looking images of faces [10] to antimicrobial peptide sequences that treat diseases [5] to faked videos of prominent business leaders [4, 11]. We believe that people skilled within their creative domain can realize great benefits by incorporating generative models into their own work: as a source of inspiration, as a tool for manipulation, or as a creative partner. Our workshop will bring together researchers and practitioners from both the HCI and AI disciplines to explore and better understand the opportunities and challenges in building, using, and evaluating human-AI co-creative systems.
Nuclear cataract and light scattering in cultured lenses from guineapig and rabbit (1998)

Purpose. To compare calcium ionophore-induced cataract formation and in vitro light scattering in cultured lenses from guinea pig and rabbit.Methods. Lenses from guinea pig and rabbit were cultured for 5 or 6 days with calcium ionophore A23187. To assess the involvement of calpain in cataract formation; SDS-PAGE, immunoblotting and calcium determinations were performed. For in vitro light scattering, lens soluble proteins from rabbit were hydrolyzed for 24 h by either endogenous lens calpain, or by addition of purified m-calpain and then further incubated for up to 10 days. Light scattering was measured daily at 405 nm.Results. Lenses from younger guinea pigs cultured in A23187 first developed outer cortical opacities followed by nuclear cataract. Total calcium was markedly increased by A23187 in lenses of all ages. Proteolysis of crystallins and a-spectrin were observed in nuclear cataract in younger guinea pigs. This was attenuated with age, in association with the attenuation of cataract formation with age. Calpain 80 kDa subunit in the lenses cultured with A23187 was also decreased. Co-culture with SJA6017 or E64d (reversible and irreversible inhibitors of calpain, respectively) reduced A23187-induced nuclear opacities, proteolysis of crystallins and a-spectrin, and loss of calpain without affecting increased total calcium. In contrast, rabbit lenses cultured in A23187 did not develop nuclear cataract, although biochemical changes in cultured rabbit lenses were similar to those in cultured guinea pig lenses. Furthermore, no appreciable in vitro light scattering occurred in soluble proteins from rabbit lenses after activation of endogenous m-calpain, or after addition of exogenous purified m-calpain, although crystallins were partially hydrolyzed by calpain.Conclusions. Both rabbit and guinea pig lenses undergo calpain-induced proteolysis upon elevation of lenticular calcium. However, factors in intact guinea pig lenses may promote light scattering and insolubilization after proteolysis by calpain, but these factors were not functional in rabbit lenses. Discovery of the factors promoting light scatter and insolubilization after proteolysis will help to explain the role of certain crystallin polypeptides in cataract formation. Curr. Eye Res. 17: 623–635, 1998.
A large-scale, passive analysis of end-to-end TCP performance over GPRS (2004)

In this paper a passive methodology for TCP performance evaluation over general packet radio service (GPRS) networks is presented that relies on traffic monitoring at the GPRS ingress/egress router interface (Gi). Based on the IP and TCP headers of the packets we estimate the end-to-end performance of TCP connections such as connection setup behavior and data transfer goodput. In order to identify the effects behind the measured performance the introduced algorithms estimate round trip delays, packet loss ratios, available channel rates, throughput and cany out bottleneck analysis. Large-scale GPRS measurements in seven countries are presented to analyze TCP performance and demonstrate the applicability of the method. The effects of different TCP parameters such as maximum segment size, selective acknowledgements, timestamp usage and receiver window size are also quantified. GPRS measurement results are compared to a wireline dial-up network to identify the effects specific to the wireless environment
On the Potential of Zero-Tail DFT-Spread-OFDM in 5G Networks (2014)

Zero-tail Discrete Fourier Transform -spread OFDM (ZT DFT-s-OFDM) modulation allows to dynamically cope with the delay spread of the multipath channel, thus avoiding the limitations of hard-coded Cyclic Prefix (CP). In this paper, we discuss the potential of ZT DFT-s-OFDM modulation for the envisioned 5th generation (5G) radio access technology, characterized by an ultra-dense deployment of small cells and the support of novel paradigms such as Device-to-Device (D2D). We address the benefits of ZT DFT-s-OFDM in terms of coexistence among devices operating over adjacent frequency chunks, possibility of adopting unified radio numerology among different cells, reduced latency and support of agile link direction switching. The robustness of ZT DFT-s-OFDM towards non-idealities such as phase noise and non-linear power amplifier is also discussed.
Planting Equity: Using What We Know to Cultivate Growth as a Plant Biology Community (2020)

Our nation, and indeed our world, is dealing with the challenges of the global COVID-19 pandemic. In the midst of this, two recent events occurred with Black men that have reverberated globally, including throughout scientific spaces. An event in New York’s Central Park during which a white woman
The importance of quadrupolar interactions in molecular recognition processes involving a phenyl group (1994)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Shannon-inspired Statistical Computing to Enable Spintronics (2017)

Modern computing systems based on the von Neumann architecture are built from silicon complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) transistors that need to operate under practically error free conditions with 1 error in $10^{15}$ switching events. The physical dimensions of CMOS transistors have scaled down over the past five decades leading to exponential increases in functional density and energy consumption. Today, the energy and delay reductions from scaling have stagnated, motivating the search for a CMOS replacement. Of these, spintronics offers a path for enhancing the functional density and scaling the energy down to fundamental thermodynamic limits of 100kT to 1000kT. However, spintronic devices exhibit high error rates of 1 in 10 or more when operating at these limits, rendering them incompatible with deterministic nature of the von Neumann architecture. We show that a Shannon-inspired statistical computing framework can be leveraged to design a computer made from such stochastic spintronic logic gates to provide a computational accuracy close to that of a deterministic computer. This extraordinary result allowing a $10^{13}$ fold relaxation in acceptable error rates is obtained by engineering the error distribution coupled with statistical error compensation.
A single electron transistor charge sensor in strong rf fields (2018)

We measure the charge sensitivity, Se, of a single electron transistor (SET) in the presence of strong (Vrf ∼ e/Cg) spurious radio frequency (rf) signals at frequencies up to 50 MHz, where Cg is the gate capacitance. Although Se appears to degrade when exposed to Vrf, we find that broadening of conduction peaks is largely due to the measurement technique and show that Se is maintained even with strong Vrf present. We show cancellation of a known Vrf signal at 1 MHz, demonstrating that a stable bias point in the presence of rf signals is possible.
Correlation between serum hepatocyte growth factor level and percutaneous coronary balloon angioplasty: An alternative mechanism of reduction in restenosis with citostazol (2005)

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a potent endothelium specific growth factor and cilostazol reduces restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary balloon angioplasty (PTCA). To investigate the correlation between HGF and PTCA, values of serum HGF were serially examined by angiographic follow-up for 3 months in 100 patients who underwent PTCA, and for 1 week in 49 patients who underwent coronary angiography (CAG). Of the PTCA group, 36 patients received cilostazol (200 mg/day) and 64 were given aspirin (250 mg/day). Angiographic restenosis was defined as ≥ 50% diameter stenosis (DS) at follow-up angiography. Although HGF values did not change after CAG, they increased 2 days after PTCA (0.37 ± 0.12 ng/mL; p < 0.0001 vs. 0.32 ± 0.11 at baseline, p = 0.0004 vs. 0.30 ± 0.09 ng/mL of the CAG group). The HGF values until 1 week after PTCA was similar between the cilostazol and aspirin sub-groups. However, the values 1 month and 3 months after PTCA were significantly lower in the cilostazol (0.29 ± 0.08 vs. 0.34 ± 0.10 ng/mL; p = 0.012, and 0.31 ± 0.09 vs. 0.35 ± 0.10 ng/mL; p = 0.037), than in the aspirin sub-group. Follow-up angiography revealed a significantly lower DS (37.2 ± 16.2% vs. 45.6 ± 18.5%; p = 0.009) associated with a reduced restenosis rate (16.0% vs. 37.5%; p = 0.008) in the cilostazol sub-group. These data suggest systemic HGF regulation is provoked after PTCA and the subsequent change in the serum HGF level is associated with restenosis.
In vivo coronary artery plaque assessment with computed tomography angiography: is there an impact of iterative reconstruction on plaque volume and attenuation metrics? (2016)

Background Coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) allows the evaluation of coronary plaque volume and low attenuation (lipid-rich) component, for plaque vulnerability assessment. Purpose To determine the effect of iterative reconstruction (IR) on coronary plaque volume and composition. Material and Methods Consecutive patients without coronary artery disease were prospectively enrolled for 256-slice CT. Images were reconstructed with both filtered back projection (FBP) and a hybrid IR algorithm (iDose<sup>4</sup>, Philips) levels 1, 3, 5, and 7. Coronary plaques were assessed according to predefined Hounsfield unit (HU) attenuation intervals, for total plaque and HU-interval volumes. Results Fifty-three patients (mean age, 53.6 years) were included. Noise was significantly decreased and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) / contrast-to-noise (CNR) were both significantly improved at all IR levels in comparison to FBP. Plaque characterization was performed in 41 patients for a total of 125 plaques. Total plaque volume ranged from 104.4 ± 120.7 to 107.4 ± 128.9 mm<sup>3</sup> and low attenuation plaque component from 40.5 ± 54.7 to 43.5 ± 58.9 mm<sup>3</sup>, with no statistically significant differences between all IR levels and FBP ( P = 0.786 and P ≥ 0.078, respectively). Conclusion IR improved image quality. Total and low attenuation plaque volumes were similar using either IR or FBP.
The soft palate is an important site of adaptation for transmissible influenza viruses (2015)

Efficient airborne transmission of influenza viruses between humans is associated with use of α2, 6-linked sialic acids, not α2, 3-linked sialic acids; however, using a loss-of-function approach in which a 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza virus was engineered to bind α2, 3 sialic acids, this study shows in ferrets that the soft palate is an important site for the switch of receptor usage to take place, and reveals that this tissue rapidly selects for transmissible influenza virus with human receptor preference.
Conformational mimicry. 3. Synthesis and incorporation of 1,5-disubstituted tetrazole dipeptide analogs into peptides with preservation of chiral integrity: bradykinin (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConformational mimicry. 3. Synthesis and incorporation of 1,5-disubstituted tetrazole dipeptide analogs into peptides with preservation of chiral integrity: bradykininJanusz Zabrocki, James B. Dunbar Jr., Keith W. Marshall, Mihaly V. Toth, and Garland R. MarshallCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 1, 202–209Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1992https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00027a038Request reuse permissionsArticle Views528Altmetric-Citations94LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Preliminary Experience with a Gastrointestinal Endoscope Using a White Light-Emitting Diode (2006)

In the conventional video endoscope system, a large light source apparatus and light-guiding fibre bundle are essential [1]. The capsule endoscope is mainly useful for disease of the small intestine [2]. Recently, the light-emitting diode (LED) has been rapidly developed as a new compact, powerful light source [3]. We have developed an new experimental prototype LED-illuminated gastrointestinal endoscope.
Acidic Residues in the Nucleotide-binding Site of the Bacteriophage T7 DNA Primase (2005)

DNA primases catalyze the synthesis of oligoribonucleotides to initiate lagging strand DNA synthesis during DNA replication. Like other prokaryotic homologs, the primase domain of the gene 4 helicase-primase of bacteriophage T7 contains a zinc motif and a catalytic core. Upon recognition of the sequence, 5'-GTC-3' by the zinc motif, the catalytic site condenses the cognate nucleotides to produce a primer. The TOPRIM domain in the catalytic site contains several charged residues presumably involved in catalysis. Each of eight acidic residues in this region was replaced with alanine, and the properties of the altered primases were examined. Six of the eight residues (Glu-157, Glu-159, Asp-161, Asp-207, Asp-209, and Asp-237) are essential in that altered gene 4 proteins containing these mutations cannot complement T7 phage lacking gene 4 for T7 growth. These six altered gene 4 proteins can neither synthesize primers de novo nor extend an oligoribonucleotide. Despite the inability to catalyze phosphodiester bond formation, the altered proteins recognize the sequence 5'-GTC-3' in the template and deliver preformed primer to T7 DNA polymerase. The alterations in the TOPRIM domain result in the loss of binding affinity for ATP as measured by surface plasmon resonance assay together with ATP-agarose affinity chromatography.
Synthetic approaches to forskolin (1987)

In a series of studies directed towards the total synthesis of the natural product forskolin, an intramolecular Diels-Alder approach to the construction of the AB ring system is described, with the stereocontrolled synthesis of the tricyclic adducts (128), (129) and (140). An unusual stereochemical outcome in the intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction of ester (122) to give (129) is also described, and evidence defining the origin of this result considered. Chemical elaboration of the aforementioned tricyclic adducts towards forskolin is presented, together with the intramolecular Diels-Alder cyclisation of acetylene dienophiles to two further tricyclic adducts (90) and (176), possessing the same relative stereochemistry as centres 10a and 10b in forskolin. Finally, the synthesis is extended to include a complementary intermolecular Diels-Alder route to the AB ring system of forskolin, providing an insight into the chemistry of these important decalin intermediates in an approach to the synthesis of forskolin.
Assessing light scattering of intracellular organelles in single intact living cells (2009)

This report presents a model-independent method of assessing contributions to the light scattering from individual organelles in single intact cells. We first measure the 3D index map of a living cell, and then modify the map in such a way so as to eliminate contrast due to a particular intracellular organelle. By calculating and comparing the light scattering distributions calculated from the original and modified index maps using the Rytov approximation, we extract the light scattering contribution from the particular organelle of interest. The relative contributions of the nucleus and nucleolus to the scattering of the entire cell are thus determined, and the applicability of the homogeneous spherical model to non-spherical and heterogeneous organelles in forward scattering is evaluated.
Organocatalytic Asymmetric α-Aminomethylation of Cyclohexanones (2006)

The amino acid catalyzed direct asymmetric Mannich reaction between aminomethyl ether 1 and cyclohexanones is presented. The unprecedented reaction proceeds via an ionic transition state and gives the corresponding Mannich bases in moderate to high yields with 75-99% ee.
Development of the Combustion System for Volvo Cars Euro6d VEA Diesel Engine (2017)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The demands for a future diesel engine in terms of emission compliance, CO2 emissions, performance and cost effectiveness set new requirements for the development process of the combustion system.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper focuses on the development of the next generation Volvo Cars diesel combustion system, which should comply with Euro 6d including Real Driving Emissions (RDE), with emphasis on the novel methods applied throughout the process.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The foundation of a high performing combustion system is formed by first determining the requirements for the system, after which the key factors that affect system performance are selected, such as the charge motion, combustion chamber geometry and injector nozzle geometry.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Based on the requirements, a robust charge motion with desired flow characteristics is defined. A new automated CFD optimization process for combustion chamber geometry and spray target is developed. From the generated Pareto front of optimal designs, the best hardware solutions are selected based on targeted attributes. An increase in knowledge is also gained by looking into the details of the simulation results for these candidates. The selected solutions are then verified by creating rapid prototype pistons for evaluation.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The development of a highly automated test scheme makes it possible to collect large amounts of test data, which allows for models to be build based on the physical testing. Using these models enables the possibility for high modularity as well as doing sensitivity studies. It is possible to reduce the number of development loops when creating combustion system variants for different requirements. The result is a robust modular combustion system that has significant improvement in efficiency in combination with a new injection strategy.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Activity-based power estimation and characterization of DSP and multiplier blocks in FPGAs (2006)

This paper describes an activity-based strategy for estimating the average power dissipation of hard DSP and multiplier blocks embedded in FPGAs. We identified two technical challenges in creating a tool flow to do this: (1) estimating the activity of all nodes in designs containing DSP blocks, and (2) estimating the average power dissipated within the DSP block quickly and accurately. In this paper, we compare several methods to address each of these two challenges. We conclude with a description of our complete power estimation flow
Improved Formability by Control of Strain Distribution in Sheet Stamping Using Electromagnetic Impulses (2004)

Stamping failures consist of, broadly speaking, either tearing (excessive local strain energy) or wrinkling (insufficient or inappropriate local strain energy). Good parts are produced when the strain energy or plastic work is effectively distributed during the forming process such that tears and wrinkles are eliminated. The process window framed by tearing and wrinkling limits can be rather small for some materials, notably aluminum alloys. At present, there are no established methods of directly controlling the forming energy distribution within the tool during a stamping operation. All current commercial methods attempt plastic strain control at the sheet boundary by various binder geometries and pressure profiles. While improvements by active control of draw beads and binder pressure have led to improved stamping performance, these methods still broadly rely on tool geometry to set the energy distribution. We have recently developed and demonstrated a method for more directly controlling the distribution of forming energy in a stamping operation based on an extension of electromagnetic (EM) impulse forming. We now have techniques for embedding and operating EM pulse actuator coils in stamping tools. These coils can be operated in a single high power pulse or as a series of lower energy pulses occurring several times during the forming stroke. A single high power pulse can provide the advantage of increased material forming limits of high velocity forming. However, applying a series of lower power pulses can increase forming limits without exposing the tooling and coil to large shock loads. Multiple pulses reduce the maximum strain levels by engaging more of the part material in the forming process which mimics (eliminates) the use of lubricants. Conventional production stamping rates are technically obtainable with proper integration of the EM impulse circuit with the forming press and tooling. This paper focuses on the basic design approach of our multiple pulse technique and integrated process forming results. Comparisons to other augmented stamping processes as well as conventional stamping are presented in terms of both simple metrics, such as draw depth and strain distributions.
Differential Polarization Delay in Coupled-Resonator Optical Waveguides (2009)

An integrated device capable of dynamically controlling the differential delay between two orthogonally polarized data channels is presented. The polarization-selective delay is induced by exploiting waveguide birefringence in a ring-resonator coupled resonator optical waveguide. A prototype realized in silicon-oxynitride technology is employed to manage the differential delay between two polarization-division-multiplexed channels modulated up to 10 Gb/s over several bit-slots. Reconfiguration is achieved by thermo-optic effect with 1-ps delay accuracy. Back-to-back and propagated bit-error-rate measurements show minor deterioration of the signal with negligible polarization crosstalk.