gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Herbicide Ballistic Technology for Unmanned Aircraft Systems (2022)

Miconia is a highly invasive plant species with incipient plants occupying remote areas of Hawaiian watersheds. Management of these incipient plants is integral to current containment strategies. Herbicide Ballistic Technology (HBT) has been used for 8 years from helicopters as a precision approach to target individual plants. We have developed a prototype HBT applicator integrated onto an unmanned aircraft system, HBT-UAS, which offers the same precision approach with a semi-automated flight plan. Inclusion of the HBT payload resulted in statistically significant deviations from programmed flight plans compared to the unencumbered UAS, but the effect size was lower than that observed for different stages of flight. The additional payload of the HBT-UAS resulted in a large reduction in available flight time resulting a limited range of 22 m. The projectile spread of the HBT-UAS, within a 2–10 m range, had a maximum CEP of 1.87–5.58 cm. The most substantial limitation of the current prototype HBT-UAS is the available flight time. The use of larger capacity UAS and potential for beyond visual line of sight operations would result in a substantial improvement in the serviceable area and utility of the HBT-UAS for containment of invasive plants.
Abstract 1498: Imbalance Among Angiotensin II Receptors, Nitric Oxide System, and Manganese Superoxide Dismutase in the Aging Kidney (2008)

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) prevalence increases with aging. We hypothesized that age-related renal injury is associated with alterations in the relative expression of angiotensin II type 1 (AT1R) and type 2 (AT2R) receptors, nitric oxide (NO) system, and the mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD). Compared to 3 month (mo) old, 24 mo male Sprague Dawley rats manifested glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis with increased TGFβ mRNA (real-time PCR, 1.2±0.07 vs. 1±0.03; P<0.05) and protein expression (Western blot) of cycloxygenase (COX)-2 (3-fold) and fibronectin (7-fold). Cortical AT1R protein expression was similar but AT2R was decreased in 24 mo (0.58±0.07 vs. 1±0.07; P<0.01), whereas medullary AT1R was increased in 24 mo (1.9±0.3 vs. 1±0.1; P<0.02) but AT2R was similar. Cortical and medullary AT1R/AT2R ratios were increased in 24 mo. Cortical endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) protein expression was similar, but medullary eNOS was decreased in 24 mo (0.5±0.02 vs. 1±0...
Worldwide patterns of haplotype diversity at 9p21.3, a locus associated with type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease (2009)

A 100 kb region on 9p21.3 harbors two major disease susceptibility loci: one for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and one for coronary heart disease (CHD). The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with these two diseases in Europeans reside on two adjacent haplotype blocks with independent effects on disease. To help delimit the regions that likely harbor the disease-causing variants in populations of non-European origin, we studied the haplotype diversity and allelic history of the 9p21.3 region using 938 unrelated individuals from 51 populations (Human Genome Diversity Panel). We used SNP data from Illumina's 650Y SNP arrays supplemented with five additional SNPs within the region of interest. Haplotype frequencies were analyzed with the EM algorithm implemented in PLINK. For the T2D locus, the TT risk haplotype of SNPs rs10811661 and rs10757283 was present at similar frequencies in all global populations, while a shared 6-SNP haplotype that carries the protective C allele of rs10811661 was found at a frequency of 2.9% in Africans and 41.3% in East Asians and was associated with low haplotype diversity. For the CHD locus, all populations shared a core risk haplotype spanning >17.5 kb, which shows dramatic increase in frequency between African (11.5%) and Middle Eastern (63.7%) populations. Interestingly, two SNPs (rs2891168 and rs10757278) tagging this CHD risk haplotype are most strongly associated with CHD disease status according to independent clinical fine-mapping studies. The large variation in linkage disequilibrium patterns identified between the populations demonstrates the importance of allelic background data when selecting SNPs for replication in global populations. Intriguingly, the protective allele for T2D and the risk allele for CHD show an increase in frequency in non-Africans compared to Africans, implying different population histories for these two adjacent disease loci.
Accurate Time Synchronization for Automotive Cooperative Radar (CoRD) Applications (2020)

The increasing amount of automotive radars makes mutual radar interference a prominent problem. Cooperation between the radars could not only minimize their mutual level of interference but would also enable remote radar nodes to operate synchronously for jointly improving their performance. The concept of Collaborative Time of Arrival (CToA) has recently been proposed for enabling distributed wireless network synchronization. In this paper, we explore the application of CToA to automotive radar systems for achieving sub-nanosecond level synchronization between radar nodes. The proposed scheme, dubbed “cooperative radar” (CoRD), opens a wide range of applications including bistatic automotive radars.
Towards ground truth in geometric textures (2011)

Two-dimensional geometric texture synthesis is the geometric analogue of raster-based texture synthesis. An absence of conventional evaluation procedures in recent synthesis attempts demands an inquiry into the visual significance of synthesized results. In this paper, we report on two psychophysical experiments that explore how people understand notions of similarity in geometric textures. We present perceptual metrics and human texture generation features that are crucial for future researchers when developing and assessing the success of their algorithms.
Mechanistic approach for expeditious and solvent-free synthesis of α-hydroxy phosphonates using potassium phosphate as catalyst (2012)

An extremely simple, high yielding, highly rapid and solvent-free protocol has been described for hydrophosphylation of aldehydes using potassium phosphate as catalyst. Easy commercial availability of the reusable catalyst, operational simplicity at ambient temperature and avoidance of conventional work-up as well as purification procedure makes this solvent-free protocol a near-ideal synthesis.
Vortex Fluidic Chemical Transformations (2017)

Driving chemical transformations in dynamic thin films represents a rapidly thriving and diversifying research area. Dynamic thin films provide a number of benefits including large surface areas, high shearing rates, rapid heat and mass transfer, micromixing and fluidic pressure waves. Combinations of these effects provide an avant-garde style of conducting chemical reactions with surprising and unusual outcomes. The vortex fluidic device (VFD) has proved its capabilities in accelerating and increasing the efficiencies of numerous organic, materials and biochemical reactions. This Minireview surveys transformations that have benefited from VFD-mediated processing, and identifies concepts driving the effectiveness of vortex-based dynamic thin films.
6.2 A 60Gb/s PAM-4 ADC-DSP Transceiver in 7nm CMOS with SNR-Based Adaptive Power Scaling Achieving 6.9pJ/b at 32dB Loss (2019)

With the introduction of PAM-4 signaling at 56Gb/s and the decreased benefits of CMOS scaling for high-speed mixed-signal designs, SerDes designers and system architects are faced with severe performance versus power budget constraints. Power management and energy efficiency have become the main drivers for system design. However, industry standards such as EEE have failed to keep up with efficiency demands. In this context the choice between a so-called analog mixed signal (AMS) SerDes architecture vs. an ADC-DSP-based one has been debated at length. AMS provides significantly lower maximum power [2, 4] while ADC-DSP provides higher link margin [1] thus avoiding expensive and power hungry repeater ICs that largely negate the power advantage of AMS SerDes in a system. AMS provides an easier and cheaper approach to implement multi-tap DFEs [3] compared to DSP where it is typically very expensive to implement more than a 1-tap DFE. This paper will show an ADC-DSP SerDes transceiver with a 2-tap DFE is capable of operating error-free over a 38dB link yet having an overall power budget similar to AMS. The same basic SerDes architecture is implemented (Fig. 6.2.1) with minor differences in 16nm and 7nm FinFET, however, power scaling is incorporated into the 7nm version only.
High ionic strength narrows the population of sites participating in protein ion-exchange adsorption: A single-molecule study (2014)

The retention and elution of proteins in ion-exchange chromatography is routinely controlled by adjusting the mobile phase salt concentration. It has repeatedly been observed, as judged from adsorption isotherms, that the apparent heterogeneity of adsorption is lower at more-eluting, higher ionic strength. Here, we present an investigation into the mechanism of this phenomenon using a single-molecule, super-resolution imaging technique called motion-blur Points Accumulation for Imaging in Nanoscale Topography (mbPAINT). We observed that the number of functional adsorption sites was smaller at high ionic strength and that these sites had reduced desorption kinetic heterogeneity, and thus narrower predicted elution profiles, for the anion-exchange adsorption of α-lactalbumin on an agarose-supported, clustered-charge ligand stationary phase. Explanations for the narrowing of the functional population such as inter-protein interactions and protein or support structural changes were investigated through kinetic analysis, circular dichroism spectroscopy, and microscopy of agarose microbeads, respectively. The results suggest the reduction of heterogeneity is due to both electrostatic screening between the protein and ligand and tuning the steric availability within the agarose support. Overall, we have shown that single molecule spectroscopy can aid in understanding the influence of ionic strength on the population of functional adsorbent sites participating in the ion-exchange chromatographic separation of proteins.
Thermodynamics of Binding of 2-Methoxy-3-isopropylpyrazine and 2-Methoxy-3-isobutylpyrazine to the Major Urinary Protein (2004)

In the present study we examine the thermodynamics of binding of two related pyrazine-derived ligands to the major urinary protein, MUP-I, using a combination of isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), X-ray crystallography, and NMR backbone (15)N and methyl side-chain (2)H relaxation measurements. Global thermodynamics data derived from ITC indicate that binding is driven by favorable enthalpic contributions, rather than the classical entropy-driven hydrophobic effect. Unfavorable entropic contributions from the protein backbone and side-chain residues in the vicinity of the binding pocket are partially offset by favorable entropic contributions at adjacent positions, suggesting a "conformational relay" mechanism whereby increased rigidity of residues on ligand binding are accompanied by increased conformational freedom of side chains in adjacent positions. The principal driving force governing ligand affinity and specificity can be attributed to solvent-driven enthalpic effects from desolvation of the protein binding pocket.
Self‐Healing Polymers (2015)

Polymers with the ability to “self-heal” in response to damage are highly sought after for applications in which damage is costly or difficult to detect/repair. Polymers that heal in response to manual application of external stimuli (heat) were first proposed. The success of self-healing polymers is contingent on choosing a monomer/catalyst combination compliant to the healing mechanism. Both the stored monomer and catalyst must be compatible with the molding and processing conditions of the base polymer. This chapter describes the development of self-healing polymers utilizing ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) and cross-metathesis (CM) processes. It discusses the modes of monomer storage and delivery to damage regions, catalyst stability, and the consequences of monomer and catalyst choice on self-healing. The chapter also deals with the second-generation self-healing materials with intrinsic healing mechanisms in which metathesis catalysts are directly incorporated into the polymer structure.
Expression of schistosomal cathepsin l1 in Escherichia coli and evaluation of its protective capacity in an animal challenge (2009)

Schistosomes utilize proteinases to accomplish several activities such as tissue penetration, tissue digestion and evasion of host immune responses. Cathepsin L is a cysteine proteinase of the papain superfamily detected in their gut lumen which indicates that this enzyme contributes to the proteolysis of ingested hemoglobin. Due to the roles played in the schistosome biology, proteolytic enzymes are considered potential targets for developing and guiding antischistosomal therapies. In the present work, the cathepsin L1 cDNA coding of Schistosoma mansoni was cloned into the pAE vector that provides high-level expression of heterologous proteins in Escherichia coli. The recombinant protein was expressed as inclusion bodies, purified under denaturing conditions through nickel-charged chromatography and used for experimental animal vaccination. ELISA was performed with the pooled sera. Although this protein was shown to be immunogenic, mice immunized with three doses of recombinant protein plus aluminum hydroxide as adjuvant were not protected against S. mansoni infection.
Abundance of Coleomegilla maculata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in Corn Rootworm-Resistant Cry3Bb1 Maize (2005)

Lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) are important polyphagous predators in maize, Zea mays L., fields. Transgenic Cry3Bb1 maize hybrids express a coleopteran-specific insecticidal protein derived from Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) subsp. kumamotoensis that is targeted at corn rootworm larvae. This study evaluated impacts of Cry3Bb1 protein-expressing maize, tefluthrin-treated maize, and untreated controls on lady beetle abundance at preanthesis, anthesis, and postanthesis maize-developmental periods near Brookings in eastern South Dakota during 2001 and 2002. The dominant lady beetle species captured on Pherocon AM sticky traps was Coleomegilla maculata De Geer. It comprised 73.5 and 69.9% of all adult Coccinellidae caught in 2001 and 2002, respectively. Numbers of C. maculata captured in Cry3Bb1 maize were not significantly different from those in untreated plots during preanthesis, and adults were more abundant in Cry3Bb1 maize than in tefluthrin-treated and untreated plots during anthesis and postanthesis. Whole-plant sampling confirmed C. maculata predominance with the species representing 89.2 and 91.4% of all adult lady beetles observed in 2001 and 2002, respectively. Whole-plant sampling also indicated a lack of negative effects from Cry3Bb1 maize on abundance of lady beetle eggs, larvae, pupae, or adults. Overall, these findings indicate that Cry3Bb1-expressing hybrids are not likely to impose harmful effects on C. maculata, a species common to maize production systems in the northern Great Plains. This research further suggests that Cry3Bb1 maize has the potential for conservation of these beneficial coccinellids in maize production systems.
Semiconductor–Metal Transition and Band-Gap Tuning in Quasi-Free-Standing Epitaxial Bilayer Graphene on SiC (2011)

We have performed angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy of quasi-free-standing bilayer graphene epitaxially grown on silicon carbide. Prepared bilayer graphene shows a semiconducting behavior with a finite energy gap at the Fermi level in contrast to the theoretical prediction. We found that potassium-deposition on the sample leads to the semiconductor-to-metal transition together with the enhancement of the gap energy between the π and π * bands. The observed controllable tuning of the Fermi-level position and the gap energy provides an important step toward the band-gap engineering with bilayer graphene.
Harnessing technology and molecular analysis to understand the development of cardiovascular diseases in Asia: a prospective cohort study (SingHEART) (2019)

An initial target of 2500 patients has been set. From October 2015 to May 2017, an initial 683 subjects have been recruited and have completed the initial work-up the SingHEART project is the first contemporary population-based study in Asia that will include whole genome sequencing and deep phenotyping: including advanced imaging and wearable data, to better understand the development of cardiovascular disease across different ethnic groups in Asia.
Differences in chain length distribution of inulin fromCynara scolymusandHelianthus tuberosusare reflected in a transient plant expression system using the respective 1‐FFT cDNAs (1998)

A newly isolated cDNA clone, Cy3, encoding the fructan fructan 1-fructosyltransferase (1-FFT) from artichoke was expressed using tobacco protoplasts as expression system. Analysis of the inulin molecules synthesized upon incubation of protoplast extracts with a mixture of oligofructans (DP3-5) shows the production of inulins with a degree of polymerization (DP) of up to 23, whereas parallel experiments performed using a 1-FFT cDNA from Jerusalem artichoke led to the production of fructans with a DP of up to only 12. The results of in vitro fructan synthesis catalyzed by transiently expressed enzymes therefore reflect the difference of in vivo fructan composition of Jerusalem artichoke (M(DP) = 8-10) and artichoke (M(DP) = 65). These data suggest that the fructan pattern in a given species is mainly defined by the enzymatic characteristics of 1-FFT.
Impact and Compensation of Sample Clock Offset on Uplink SC-CDMA Systems (2005)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Structure of lactate oxidase from Enterococcus hirae revealed new aspects of active site loop function: Product‐inhibition mechanism and oxygen gatekeeper (2022)

l-Lactate oxidase (LOx) is a flavin mononucleotide (FMN)-dependent triose phosphate isomerase (TIM) barrel fold enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of l-lactate using oxygen as a primary electron acceptor. Although reductive half-reaction mechanism of LOx has been studied by structure-based kinetic studies, oxidative half-reaction and substrate/product-inhibition mechanisms were yet to be elucidated. In this study, the structure and enzymatic properties of wild-type and mutant LOxs from Enterococcus hirae (EhLOx) were investigated. EhLOx structure showed the common TIM-barrel fold with flexible loop region. Noteworthy observations were that the EhLOx crystal structures prepared by co-crystallization with product, pyruvate, revealed the complex structures with "d-lactate form ligand," which was covalently bonded with a Tyr211 side chain. This observation provided direct evidence to suggest the product-inhibition mode of EhLOx. Moreover, this structure also revealed a flip motion of Met207 side chain, which is located on the flexible loop region as well as Tyr211. Through a saturation mutagenesis study of Met207, one of the mutants Met207Leu showed the drastically decreased oxidase activity but maintained dye-mediated dehydrogenase activity. The structure analysis of EhLOx Met207Leu revealed the absence of flipping in the vicinity of FMN, unlike the wild-type Met207 side chain. Together with the simulation of the oxygen-accessible channel prediction, Met207 may play as an oxygen gatekeeper residue, which contributes oxygen uptake from external enzyme to FMN. Three clades of LOxs are proposed based on the difference of the Met207 position and they have different oxygen migration pathway from external enzyme to active center FMN.
Electron injection from bis(4-dimethylaminophenyl)squaraine into (4-butoxycarbonyl-9-fluorenylidene)-malononitrile (1987)

The injection of photo-excited electrons from bis(4-dimethylaminophenyl)-squaraine into (4-butoxycarbonyl-9-fluorenylidene)malononitrile was studied by using the xerographic discharge technique. The present study has demonstrated for the first time that electrons can be injected from a squaraine into an electron transport layer. The photoinjected current data, analysed in terms of Schottky emission model, indicate that the injection barrier height at the squaraine/BCMF interface is 0.24 eV.
Convex Optimization in Signal Processing [From the Guest Editors (2010)

In recent years, we have witnessed technical breakthroughs in a wide variety of topics where the key to success is the use of convex optimization. In fact, convex optimization has now emerged as a major signal processing tool that has made a significant impact on numerous problems previously considered intractable. Considering the foundational nature and potential impact of convex optimization in signal processing, we have put together this special issue that aims to provide tutorials of convex optimization techniques (including available software) and various successful signal processing applications. Our goal is not only to contribute to the diffusion of recent developments in this research area within the signal processing community, but also to spur further advances in and applications of convex optimization for signal processing.
Fault-tolerant parallel linear filtering using compressive sensing (2016)

In this paper, we study the problem of designing fault-tolerant parallel linear filters. We assume that a linear filter can either function perfectly or fail completely, i.e., generate arbitrary outputs. We use real-number error correcting codes based on linear programming decoding to introduce redundancy into the linear filters and detect faulty filters. We prove that all faulty filters can be detected and corrected if the number of faulty filters is smaller than a threshold value. We also obtain simulation results to support our statement. To the best of our knowledge, we believe that this work is the first to connect the information-theoretic idea of real-number error control coding with parallel linear filtering systems.
The role of pre-treatment interpersonal problems for in-session emotional processing and long-term outcome in emotion-focused psychotherapy (2019)

Objective: Interpersonal problems may lead to, uphold, or follow from depression. However, we know little of how depressed patients' different interpersonal problems are associated with patients' emotional processing during psychotherapy and whether distinct processes are helpful for their long-term reduction. Method: 23 adult outpatients who received emotion-focused therapies lasting 16-20 sessions filled the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems at pre- and post-treatment and 18-month follow-up. These problems were related to emotional processing in two mid-therapy sessions, rated by observers with the Classification of Affective-Meaning States. Results: All pre-treatment interpersonal problems were clearly associated with patients' negative evaluations of themselves during therapy. Self-experiences of vindictiveness were most pronouncedly linked to in-session emotional expressions of rejecting anger, and self-experiences of social inhibition to expressions of fear and shame, following a circumplex model. In the long-term reduction of interpersonal problems, especially reaching emotional states of hurt and grief seemed beneficial for patients who experienced themselves as socially inhibited, non-assertive, self-sacrificing, or overly accommodating. Conclusions: For clients suffering from particular interpersonal problems, accessing particularly beneficial emotional processes, such as hurt and grief, may form specific therapeutic process goals. Further studies should verify these findings, which link interpersonal theory with research on emotional processing in psychotherapy.