gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Industrial applications of ionic liquids (2004)

The potential to use Ionic Liquids (ILs) as novel solvents or fluids for a diverse range of applications has become increasingly rent as researchers in academia and try respond to challenges from atmospheric emissions and disposal of many common solvents by evaluating novel reaction media. The intrinsic non-volatile nature of ILs provides an opportunity to reduce, or even completely eliminate, hazardous and toxic emissions to the atmosphere, thus providing the promise for significant environmental benefits. In synthesis and catalysis, ILs have been used as solvents (or solvents and catalysts), with the greatest current effort on using the ILs as alternatives to VOCs. In contrast, electrochemical studies hove utills'ed the fact that ILs are liquid rather than solids to provide liquid electrolytes without needing to odd an additional solvent. is overview appraiso an appraisal of potential to use ILs in industrial applications, illustrating some areas where practical uses are being developed, and how, throuqh understanding ionic liquids in a conceptuo level, new opportunities ore continuing to evolve.
Escherichia coli Cryptic Prophages Sense Nutrients to Control Persister Cell Resuscitation (2021)

ABSTRACT We determined previously that some cryptic prophages are not genomic junk but instead enable cells to combat myriad stresses as part of an active stress response. However, how these phage fossils affect the extreme stress response of dormancy; i.e., how cryptic prophages affect persister cell formation and resuscitation, has not been fully explored. Persister cells form as a result of stresses such as starvation, antibiotics, and oxidative conditions, and resuscitation of these persister cells likely causes recurring infections such as those associated with tuberculosis, cystic fibrosis, and Lyme disease. Unlike for the active stress response, here we find that deletion of each of the nine Escherichia coli cryptic prophages has no effect on persister cell formation. Strikingly, elimination of each cryptic prophage results in an increase in persister cell resuscitation with a dramatic increase in resuscitation upon deleting all nine prophages. This increased resuscitation includes eliminating the need for a carbon source and is due to activation of the phosphate import system as a result of inactivating transcriptional regulator AlpA of the CP4-57 cryptic prophage, since we found Δ alpA increases persister resuscitation, and AlpA represses phosphate regulator PhoR. Therefore, we report a novel cellular stress mechanism controlled by cryptic prophages: regulation of phosphate uptake which controls the exit of the cell from dormancy and prevents premature resuscitation in the absence of nutrients.
Evaluation of Pregabalin Therapy in Peripheral Neuropathy (2013)

The mechanism of peripheral neuropathy has not been sufficiently clarified, and medical therapy for peripheral neuropathy is not established. Only a few reports have evaluated the analgesic effects of pregabalin in different diseases. In the present study, the effects of pregabalin in both orthopedic patients and surgical patients were compared, and the improvement of peripheral neuropathy was quantified. A questionnaire-based study was performed on numbness and the intensity of pain in orthopedic patients with organic diseases like spinal canal stenosis and in surgical patients with neuropathy from anti-cancer treatment. The data for patients who were prescribed pregabalin were examined using a numerical rating scale (NRS). Improvement of symptoms was observed in categories such as numbness, pain with numbness, and pain without numbness in orthopedic patients. NRS value decreased by 33 % in all patients who were prescribed pregabalin. Drowsiness, a side effect of pregabalin, mostly disappeared over 4 weeks after pregabalin administration. Further, when combining drugs with pregabalin, the frequency of numbness and pain with numbness tended to be decreased by two agents (pregabalin + NSAID), and was significantly decreased by three agents (pregabalin + NSAID + muscle relaxant), as compared with pregabalin-only treatment. The present study revealed the analgesic effect of pregabalin with regards to pain both with and without numbness. The data suggest that pregabalin is effective especially in orthopedic patients with organic injury of nerves. Keywords: Analgesic effect, muscle relaxant, NRS, NSAID, numbness, organic injury, orthopedic, pain, pregabalin, surgical.
A Theoretical and Computational Analysis of the Bolted Joint: A Sensitivity Study of Temperature Effect on the Turbocharger Inlet Bolted Joint in Locomotive Engines (2014)

The bolted joint is a very popular method of fastening together different components and one of the most important factors of machine design. Any mechanical failure of the bolted joint in rail industries can affect their financial, safety, and public confidence. In this paper, the primary objective was to create a bolted joint model to analyze the behavior of the turbocharger inlet bolted joint on a GE Transportation engine under room and working temperature. Theoretical and computational analyses investigations have been undertaken to determine the behavior of a turbocharger inlet bolted joint at room and working temperature based on VDI 2230 Part 1 and SR1+ program. Also, the reliability and validity of turbocharger inlet bolts were evaluated depending on their safety factors. A computational analysis has been performed for both structural and thermo structural loads that applied to the turbocharger inlet bolted joint. The results obtained show that the stresses on the bolted joint increased 25% at working temperature. Also, the strength of the bolted joint has a direct relationship with amount of tightening torque applied to the bolt while the position of the bolts has a major effect on the behavior of the bolted joint. In addition, the analysis showed that the turbocharger inlet bolted joint behaved differently depending on the loads type. The study also confirmed that the preliminary design had reduced margin at working temperature, and additional design modifications were required. It was determined that the loosening of the bolted joint and insufficient preload were the main reasons of failure.
Modification of Cross‐Linked Rubber Particles by Free Radical Polymerization (2006)

Abstract The synthesis of polystyrene chains covalently bound to the surface of cross‐linked rubber particles from recycled tires (ground tire rubber, GTR) was investigated via free radical polymerization in situ by using azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) and dibenzoyl peroxide (BPO) as initiators. Indeed, the graft polymerization provides a significant route to modify the physical and chemical properties of these particles allowing to improve their compatibility with other polymers. Polymerization reactions were carried out in bulk by changing the styrene/GTR ratio as well as the amount of free radical initiator. Appreciable amounts of polystyrene (PS) were grafted on GTR when BPO was used as confirmed by particle characterizations.
Realizability Conditions of the Observer for Descriptor Systems (1988)

This paper is concerned with the problem of constructing an observer for linear descriptor systems. The usual realizability conditions of the observer are relaxed by using the elimination of the purely static parts of the system. It is shown that the observer can be realized if the system is observable in the sense of Verghese.
WBC Associates with Readmission Following Cystectomy (2017)

Background: Radical cystectomy is associated with perioperative complication rates exceeding 50% in some series. Readmission rates are increasingly used as a surgical quality metric. White blood cell count is a crude surrogate for physiologic processes which may reflect postoperative complications leading to readmission. Objective: We assessed the association between final white blood cell count at discharge and risk of readmission following radical cystectomy. Methods: Records on 477 patients undergoing radical cystectomy from 2006–2013 were reviewed. Final white blood cell count was defined as the last documented value during index admission. Univariate analysis was performed using Fisher’s exact, Wilcoxon rank sum test, and Spearman’s coefficient tests where appropriate. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to test the associations between final white blood cell count and readmission. Results: 34% of patients were readmitted within 90 days of surgery. Amongst this cohort, a cutoff final white blood cell count of 9000/mm 3 was identified, with a significantly higher proportion of patients with values &gt;9000/mm 3 experiencing readmission than those with values≤9000/mm 3 (42% vs 28%, p = 0.004). Other perioperative variables associated with an increased readmission rate included initial hospital length of stay≤10 days, and receipt of a continent diversion. Following adjustment, final white blood cell count &gt;9000/mm 3 was associated with increased risk of readmission (OR 2.09, 95% CI 1.23–3.53, p = 0.006). Conclusions: Final white blood cell count is associated with hospital readmission following radical cystectomy. This metric may provide important guidance in discharge algorithms.
Integrated skin sensitization assessment based on OECD methods (I): Deriving a point of departure for risk assessment_suppl1 (2022)

Three guidelines covering key events in the skin sensitization adverse outcome pathway are endorsed by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). A recent guideline covers defined approaches (DA) to combine data from these tests for regulatory (sub)classification. The guideline methods provide continuous data that could characterize the sensitization potency on a more granular scale beyond (sub)classifications. We assembled a comprehensive database of in vitro and in vivo results from OECD guideline tests. Building on a previous approach using regression models, we provide quantitative models using input data from the kinetic direct peptide reactivity assay (kDPRA), the KeratinoSens™ (KS) assay, and the human cell line activation test (h-CLAT) to calculate a point of departure (PoD) in the form of a predicted local lymph node assay (LLNA) EC3 value for use in risk assessment. Predictive models include results from either two or all three assays. Detailed analysis versus in vivo data estimates redundancy between different tests and helps guide model selection. All models were tested on a set of case studies selected for their availability of multiple LLNA reference data in the OECD database. The predicted PoDs were within or close to the range of the variation of the historical LLNA data for most of these cases studies, and overall, the models predicted the in vivo value with a median fold-misprediction factor of around 2.5. The robustness of the models was characterized by comparing a comprehensive historical database versus the curated dataset provided by the OECD working group on DA.
Motor Current Reconstruction Method Using Single Shunt Resistance by High-Frequency Voltage Injection (2022)

This paper describes a novel method for current detection in sensorless control using high-frequency voltage injection. The method adopts a low-pass filter to prevent ringing. In general, reactive current cannot be detected using a DC current filter, but this method permits the detection via voltage injection. High responsiveness and simple constitution were achieved using the method. Simulation results indicate that active and reactive currents can be reconstructed using a single shunt current; the experimental results indicate that this method can be applied to a motor drive without lowering the performance compared to when using the current sensor.
NMR solution structure of lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase. Evidence for partial overlapping of catalytic pocket and retinoic acid-binding pocket within the central cavity. VOLUME 282 (2007) PAGES 31373-31379 (2008)

An incorrect image was used for panel D in Fig. 2 (page 31376). The correct image is shown below. This correction does not change the conclusion of the paper.
Traffic flow control in vehicular communication networks (2017)

Control of conventional transportation networks aims at bringing the state of the network (e.g., the traffic flows in the network) to the system optimal (SO) state. This optimum is characterized by the minimality of the social cost function, i.e., the total cost of travel (e.g., travel time) of all drivers. On the other hand, drivers are assumed to be rational and selfish, and make their travel decisions (e.g., route choices) to optimize their own travel costs, bringing the state of the network to a user equilibrium (UE). In this paper we study the SO and UE of the future connected vehicular transportation network, where users consider the travel cost and the utility from data communication when making their travel decisions. We leverage the data communication aspect of the decision making to influence the user route choices, driving the UE state to the SO. We propose an algorithm for calculating the SO state, and the values of the data communication utility that drive the UE to the SO. This result provides a guideline on how the communication system operator can adjust the parameters of the communication network (e.g., data pricing and bandwidth) to achieve the optimal social cost. We also discuss the insights on a secondary optimization that the operator can conduct to maximize its own utility without deviating the transportation network state from the SO.
RrgB321, a Fusion Protein of the Three Variants of the Pneumococcal Pilus Backbone RrgB, Is ProtectiveIn Vivoand Elicits Opsonic Antibodies (2011)

Streptococcus pneumoniae pilus 1 is present in 30 to 50% of invasive disease-causing strains and is composed of three subunits: the adhesin RrgA, the major backbone subunit RrgB, and the minor ancillary protein RrgC. RrgB exists in three distinct genetic variants and, when used to immunize mice, induces an immune response specific for each variant. To generate an antigen able to protect against the infection caused by all pilus-positive S. pneumoniae strains, we engineered a fusion protein containing the three RrgB variants (RrgB321). RrgB321 elicited antibodies against proteins from organisms in the three clades and protected mice against challenge with piliated pneumococcal strains. RrgB321 antisera mediated complement-dependent opsonophagocytosis of piliated strains at levels comparable to those achieved with the PCV7 glycoconjugate vaccine. These results suggest that a vaccine composed of RrgB321 has the potential to cover 30% or more of all pneumococcal strains and support the inclusion of this fusion protein in a multicomponent vaccine against S. pneumoniae.
Locality and electromagnetic momentum in critical tests of special relativity. (2007)

Locality and electromagnetic momentum in critical tests of special relativity.\nSpavieri, Gianfranco; Quintero, Jesús; Sánchez, Arturo; Ayazo, José y Gillies, George\n\nAbstract\n\nIn this review of recent tests of special relativity it is shown that the electromagnetic momentum plays a relevant role in various areas of classical and quantum physics. Crucial tests on the locality of Faraday's law for "open" currents, on a modified Trouton-Noble experiment, on nonconservation of mechanical angular momentum, on the force on the magnetic dipole, and on a reciprocal Rowland's experiment are outlined. Electromagnetic momentum provides a link also between quantum nonlocal effects and light propagation in moving media. Since light waves in moving media behave as matter waves in nonlocal quantum effects, the ?ow of the medium does a¤ect the phase velocity of light, but not necessarily the momentum of photons. Thus, Fizeau's experiment is not suitable for testing the addition of velocities of special relativity. A crucial, non-interferometric experiment for the speed of photons in moving media, is described.
Poor association of allergen‐specific antibody, T‐ and B‐cell responses revealed with recombinant allergens and a CFSE dilution‐based assay (2015)

Purified recombinant allergens in conjunction with CFSE staining allow the dissection of allergen-specific B- and T-cell responses. The dissociation of allergen-specific antibody, and B- and T-cell responses may explain the occurrence of selective IgE- and T-cell-mediated manifestations of allergic inflammation and may be important for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies selectively targeting B cells and T cells.
A novel GABAA receptor ligand MIDD0301 with limited blood-brain barrier penetration relaxes airway smooth muscle ex vivo and in vivo (2018)

Airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells express GABA A receptors (GABA<sub>A</sub>Rs), and previous reports have demonstrated that GABA<sub>A</sub>R activators relax ASM. However, given the activity of GABA<sub>A</sub>Rs in central nervous system inhibitory neurotransmission, concern exists that these activators may lead to undesirable sedation. MIDD0301 is a novel imidazobenzodiazepine and positive allosteric modulator of the GABA<sub>A</sub>R with limited brain distribution, thus eliminating the potential for sedation. Here, we demonstrate that MIDD0301 relaxes histamine-contracted guinea pig ( P < 0.05, n = 6-9) and human ( P < 0.05, n = 6-10) tracheal smooth muscle ex vivo in organ bath experiments, dilates mouse peripheral airways ex vivo in precision-cut lung-slice experiments ( P < 0.001, n = 16 airways from three mice), and alleviates bronchoconstriction in vivo in mice, as assessed by the forced-oscillation technique ( P < 0.05, n = 6 mice). Only trace concentrations of the compound were detected in the brains of mice after inhalation of nebulized 5 mM MIDD0301. Given its favorable pharmacokinetic properties and demonstrated ability to relax ASM in a number of clinically relevant experimental paradigms, MIDD0301 is a promising drug candidate for bronchoconstrictive diseases, such as asthma.
Large‐Area Electrochromic Devices on Flexible Polymer Substrates with High Optical Contrast and Enhanced Cycling Stability (2020)

Abstract Large‐area electrochromic devices (ECDs) based on a cathodically‐coloring, side chain‐modified poly(3,4‐ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT) derivative and anodically‐coloring Prussian blue (PB) are assembled by a customized sheet‐to‐sheet (S2S) lamination process. The ECDs with two complementary switching “half‐cells”, based on flexible PET‐ITO substrates, offer enhanced optical properties in terms of visible light transmission change (4–53%), contrast ratio (CR = 93.4) and color neutrality (L* = 77.9, a* = −5.9, b* = −0.6) in the bleached state. The cycling stability is monitored for up to 10 000 switching cycles (97% charge retention). The reported optical, electrochemical, and in operando (in situ) spectroelectrochemical data are obtained from small laboratory‐scale ECDs (active area: 5 × 5 cm 2 ). These results, the homogeneity of the large‐area devices and the scalability of the S2S lamination process are confirmed by measurements on the large ECDs with an active area of 45 × 65 cm 2 . This large‐area electrochromic film technology with high optical contrast and enhanced cycling stability offers an excellent perspective for further development and scale‐up towards pilot production and the commercialization of flexible ECDs upon their unique materials and processing characteristics.
Global Is the New Local: FPGA Architecture at 5nm and Beyond (2021)

It takes only high-school physics to appreciate that the resistance of a wire grows with a diminishing cross section, and a quick look at any plot about Moore's law immediately suggests that such cross section must decrease over time. Clearly, everyone can easily imagine that this trend must have a deep influence on FPGA architectures. What is difficult to predict is whether and when well-established architectural ideas will break---and what can replace them. Unfortunately, in architectural research, we often use fairly simplistic models of the underlying technology nodes which limit our ability to visualize the detailed impact of technology evolution. In this paper, we develop, from the available industrial disclosures, a consistent electrical model of the metal stacks of recent and current technologies, as well as future trends. We combine it to a plausible layout strategy to have an accurate idea of how wire characteristics play nowadays into architectural decisions. To demonstrate our models, necessarily speculative due to the paucity of reliable industrial information, we use them to explore the evolution of a typical architectural family across technology nodes and to reevaluate one of the most basic design parameters---namely, cluster size. We notice effects which may in fact explain some recent changes in commercial architectures. We also observe how conventional architectures may fail to take advantage of the performance improvements of future nodes. Although conceptually straightforward, this study signals how profoundly our understanding of FPGAs will be affected by technology while moving towards the 3 nm node.
TypeAnywhere: A QWERTY-Based Text Entry Solution for Ubiquitous Computing (2022)

We present a QWERTY-based text entry system, TypeAnywhere, for use in off-desktop computing environments. Using a wearable device that can detect finger taps, users can leverage their touch-typing skills from physical keyboards to perform text entry on any surface. TypeAnywhere decodes typing sequences based only on finger-tap sequences without relying on tap locations. To achieve optimal decoding performance, we trained a neural language model and achieved a 1.6% character error rate (CER) in an offline evaluation, compared to a 5.3% CER from a traditional n-gram language model. Our user study showed that participants achieved an average performance of 70.6 WPM, or 80.4% of their physical keyboard speed, and 1.50% CER after 2.5 hours of practice over five days on a table surface. They also achieved 43.9 WPM and 1.37% CER when typing on their laps. Our results demonstrate the strong potential of QWERTY typing as a ubiquitous text entry solution.
Colloidal Quantum Dot Integrated Light Sources for Plasmon Mediated Photonic Waveguide Excitation (2016)

We operate micron-sized CdSe/CdS core–shell quantum dot (QD) clusters deposited onto gold patches as integrated light sources for the excitation of photonic waveguides. The surface plasmon mode launched by the QD fluorescence at the top interface of the gold patches are efficiently coupled to photonic modes sustained by titanium dioxide ridge waveguides. We show that, despite a large effective index difference, the plasmonic and the photonic modes can couple with a very high efficiency provided the vertical offset between the two kinds of waveguides is carefully controlled. Based on the effective index contrast of the plasmonic and the photonic modes, we engineer in-plane integrated hybrid lenses. The hybrid lenses are obtained by shaping the contact interface between the plasmonic and the photonic waveguides. We demonstrate a 2-fold enhancement of the coupling efficiency for tapers equipped with a hybrid lens. Our results are expected to be useful for the development of low-cost, integrated light sources deployed in photonic circuits.