gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optical Ammonia-Sensing Probe Based on Surface-Plasmon Resonance of Silver-Nanoparticle-Decorated Superparamagnetic Dendritic Nanoparticles (2022)

Abstract Ammonia is a serious contaminant of aquaculture water due to its continuous release into the water environment during the biological processes of aquatic animals. Ammonia accumulation in water has negative environmental impacts, including eutrophication and the death of aquatic organisms. Therefore, sensitive and accurate determination of ammonia is an urgent need, especially in pisciculture systems. Here, we report the fabrication of a novel magnetic–hyperbranched nanomaterial-based ammonia-sensing probe for the fast and sensitive determination of ammonia in water. The proposed probe is composed of poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM)-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) decorated with silver nanoparticles. Changing the ammonia concentration is associated with a corresponding change in the surface plasmon resonance property of silver nanoparticles. The proposed nanosystem was characterized with FTIR spectroscopy, SEM imaging, energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, TEM imaging, X-ray diffractometry (XRD), and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). The TEM images showed a homogenous and uniform distribution of the nanoparticles with an average nanoparticle size of 200 nm, while the surface silver nanoparticles have an average particle size of 10–50 nm. The proposed optical ammonia sensor was successfully used to determine the concentration of ammonia in water samples by measuring the change in the solution absorbance at 428 nm. The obtained results revealed high recovery values (96.3–104.7%) and very low detection (LOD = 5.69 mg/L) and quantification (LOQ = 18.96 mg/L) limits. The standard plot is linear in the concentration range of 10–50 mg/L with an r 2 value of 0.9980. Sandell’s sensitivity of the most promising sensor (NP-III) among the investigated systems was found to be 0.15 µg/cm 2 , which indicates high sensitivity.
MUSE - a systolic array for adaptive nulling with 64 degrees of freedom, using Givens transformations and wafer-scale integration. Technical report (1990)

This report describes an architecture for a highly parallel system of computational processors specialized for real-time adaptive antenna nulling computations with many degrees of freedom, which we call MUSE (Matrix Update Systolic Experiment), and a specific realization of MUSE for 64 degrees of freedom. Each processor uses the CORDIC algorithm and has been designed as a single integrated circuit. Ninety-six such processors working together can update the 64-element nulling weights based on 300 new observations in only 6.7 milliseconds. This is equivalent to 2.88 Giga-ops for a conventional processor. The computations are accurate enough to support 50 decibel of signal-to-noise improvement in a sidelobe canceller. The connectivity between processors is quite simple and permits MUSE to be realized on a single large wafer, using restructurable VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration). The complete design of such a wafer is described.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Cell-Permeable Peptide Targeting the Nrf2-Keap1 Interaction: A Potential Novel Therapy for Global Cerebral Ischemia. (2017)

The current study examined efficacy of a small Tat (trans-activator of transcription)-conjugated peptide activator of the Nrf2 (nuclear factor-E2-related factor-2) antioxidant/cell-defense pathway as a potential injury-specific, novel neuroprotectant against global cerebral ischemia (GCI). A competitive peptide, DEETGE-CAL-Tat, was designed to facilitate Nrf2 activation by disrupting interaction of Nrf2 with Keap1 (kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1), a protein that sequesters Nrf2 in the cytoplasm and thereby inactivates it. The DEETGE-CAL-Tat peptide contained the critical sequence DEETGE for the Nrf2-Keap1 interaction, the cell transduction domain of the HIV-Tat protein, and the cleavage sequence of calpain, which is sensitive to Ca 2 increase and allows injury-specific activation of Nrf2. Using an animal model of GCI, we demonstrated that pretreatment with the DEETGE-CAL-Tat peptide markedly decreased Nrf2 interaction with Keap1 in the rat hippocampal CA1 region after GCI, and enhanced Nrf2 nuclear translocation and DNA binding. The DEETGE-CAL-Tat peptide also induced Nrf2 antioxidant/cytoprotective target genes, reduced oxidative stress, and induced strong neuroprotection and marked preservation of hippocampal-dependent cognitive function after GCI. These effects were specific as control peptides lacked neuroprotective ability. Intriguingly, the DEETGE-CAL-Tat peptide effects were also injury specific, as it had no effect upon neuronal survival or cognitive performance in sham nonischemic animals. Of significant interest, peripheral, postischemia administration of the DEETGE-CAL-Tat peptide from days 1-9 after GCI also induced robust neuroprotection and strongly preserved hippocampal-dependent cognitive function. Based on its robust neuroprotective and cognitive-preserving effects, and its unique injury-specific activation properties, the DEETGE-CAL-Tat peptide represents a novel, and potentially promising new therapeutic modality for the treatment of GCI.
High Hall Mobility P‐type Cu2SnS3‐Ga2O3 with a High Work Function (2018)

Abstract A new transparent p‐type oxide semiconductor (POS) is reported, Cu 2 SnS 3 ‐Ga 2 O 3 , having high Hall mobility of 36.22 cm 2 V −1 s −1 , and high work function of 5.17 eV. The existence of Cu 2 SnS 3 and Ga 2 O 3 phases in the film is confirmed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy results and the Cu 2 SnS 3 shows polycrystalline structure according to Raman spectrum and X‐ray diffraction analysis. The transparent Cu 2 SnS 3 ‐Ga 2 O 3 exhibits the carrier concentration of 5.86 × 10 16 cm −3 , and electrical resistivity of 1.94 Ω·cm. The transparent POS is applied to green quantum light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs) as a hole injection layer (HIL) because of its high work function. The QLED exhibits the maximum current efficiency of 51.72 cd A −1 , power efficiency of 31.97 lm W −1 , and external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 14.93%, which are much higher than the QLED using polyethylene dioxythophene:poly(styrenesulfonate) HIL exhibiting current efficiency of 42.66 cd A −1 , power efficiency of 20.33 lm W −1 , and EQE of 12.36%. The Cu 2 SnS 3 ‐Ga 2 O 3 developed in this work can be widely used as a transparent and conductive p‐type oxide for thin‐film devices.
The ab-initio density matrix renormalization group in practice (2015)

The ab-initio density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) is a tool that can be applied to a wide variety of interesting problems in quantum chemistry. Here, we examine the density matrix renormalization group from the vantage point of the quantum chemistry user. What kinds of problems is the DMRG well-suited to? What are the largest systems that can be treated at practical cost? What sort of accuracies can be obtained, and how do we reason about the computational difficulty in different molecules? By examining a diverse benchmark set of molecules: π-electron systems, benchmark main-group and transition metal dimers, and the Mn-oxo-salen and Fe-porphine organometallic compounds, we provide some answers to these questions, and show how the density matrix renormalization group is used in practice.
Cell lineage tracing using nuclease barcoding (2016)

Lineage tracing, the determination and mapping of progeny arising from single cells, is an important approach enabling the elucidation of mechanisms underlying diverse biological processes ranging from development to disease. We developed a dynamic sequence-based barcode for lineage tracing and have demonstrated its performance in C. elegans, a model organism whose lineage tree is well established. The strategy we use creates lineage trees based upon the introduction of specific mutations into cells and the propagation of these mutations to daughter cells at each cell division. We present an experimental proof of concept along with a corresponding simulation and analytical model for deeper understanding of the coding capacity of the system. By introducing mutations in a predictable manner using CRISPR/Cas9, our technology will enable more complete investigations of cellular processes.
Detecting Dominant Motion Flows in Unstructured/Structured Crowd Scenes (2010)

Detecting dominant motion flows in crowd scenes is one of the major problems in video surveillance. This is particularly difficult in unstructured crowd scenes, where the participants move randomly in various directions. This paper presents a novel method which utilizes SIFT features' flow vectors to calculate the dominant motion flows in both unstructured and structured crowd scenes. SIFT features can represent the characteristic parts of objects, allowing robust tracking under non-rigid motion. First, flow vectors of SIFT features are calculated at certain intervals to form a motion flow map of the video. Next, this map is divided into equally sized square regions and in each region dominant motion flows are estimated by clustering the flow vectors. Then, local dominant motion flows are combined to obtain the global dominant motion flows. Experimental results demonstrate the successful application of the proposed method to challenging real-world scenes.
Premenstrual symptoms – severity, duration and typology: an international cross-sectional study (2009)

Further research is needed on the impact of premenstrual symptoms on quality of life, and whether a brief symptom list could be developed as a valid and reliable tool globally.
Organic Packages With Embedded Phased-Array Antennas for 60-GHz Wireless Chipsets (2011)

A multilayer organic package with embedded 60-GHz antennas and fully integrated with a 60-GHz phased-array transmitter or receiver chip is demonstrated. The package includes sixteen phased-array antennas, an open cavity for housing the flip-chip attached RF chip, and interconnects operating at DC-66 GHz. The 28 mm 28 mm ball grid array package is manufactured using printed circuit board processes and uses a combination of liquid-crystal polymer and glass-reinforced laminates, allowing excellent 60-GHz interconnect and antenna performance. The measured return loss and gain of each antenna from 56 to 66 GHz are and , respectively. Finally, the packaged transmitter and receiver chipsets, each working with a heat sink, have demonstrated beam-steered, non-line-of-sight links with data rates up to 5.3 Gb/s using 16-quadrature amplitude modulation single-carrier and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing schemes.
On Robust Stability and Performance with a Fixed-Order Controller Design for Uncertain Systems (2019)

Typically, it is desirable to design a control system that is not only robustly stable in the presence of parametric uncertainties but also guarantees an adequate level of system performance. However, most of the existing methods need to take all extreme models over an uncertain domain into consideration, which then results in costly computation. Also, since these approaches attempt (rather unrealistically) to guarantee the system performance over a full frequency range, a conservative design is always admitted. Here, taking a specific viewpoint of robust stability and performance under a stated restricted frequency range (which is applicable in rather many real-world situations), this paper provides an essential basis for the design of a fixed-order controller for a system with bounded parametric uncertainties. A Hurwitz polynomial is used in the design and the robust stability is characterized by the notion of positive realness, such that the required robust stability condition is then suitably successfully constructed. Also, the robust performance criteria in terms of sensitivity shaping under different frequency ranges are constructed based on an approach of bounded realness analysis. Necessary and sufficient conditions are provided for both the robust stability and robust performance criteria. Furthermore, these conditions are expressed in the framework of linear matrix inequality (LMI) constraints, and thus can be efficiently solved. Comparative simulations are provided to illustrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed approach.
Establishing Performance Guarantees for Behavior-Based Robot Missions Using an SMT Solver (2016)

In prior work we developed an approach to formally representing behavior-based multi-robot programs, and the uncertain environments in which they operate, as process networks. We automatically extract a set of probabilistic equations governing program execution in that environment using a static analysis module called VIPARS, and solve these using a Dynamic Bayesian Network (DBN) to establish whether stated performance guarantees hold for the program in that environment. In this paper we address the challenge of expanding the range of performance guarantees that are possible by using an SMT-solver instead of a DBN. We translate flow functions, which are recursive probabilistic expressions that capture program execution and that are generated by VIPARS, to formulas in the SMT-LIBv2 language. We use the dReal SMT-solver with a semi-decision procedure to check the satisfiability of the formulas. The experimental results show that our SMT approach succeeds in establishing performance guarantees for behavior-based robot missions at least as well as the DBN approach, but also for an example not possible with the DBN approach. Although the work presented here used VIPARS static analysis to generate flow functions, the approach we have taken could be used to leverage SMT for any similar probabilistic system.
Recommendations for community pharmacy to improve access to medication advice for people from ethnic minority communities: A qualitative person‐centred codesign study (2022)

Not applicable.
<title>Characterization of the second-order nonlinearity in poled fused silica</title> (1994)

Second harmonic generation is used to characterize the second order nonlinearity induced by thermal electric field poling in fused silica. The uniformity of the poled region is improved by using an evaporated rather than a machined poling electrode configuration. The effective thickness L and strength of the nonlinear coefficient d<SUB>33</SUB> of the nonlinear region is estimated using Maker fringes excited through a prism pair.
Inhibition of basic fibroblast growth factor-induced growth promotion by overexpression of syndecan-1. (1993)

The expression of syndecan-1, the prototype member of the cell surface proteoglycan family, follows morphogenetic rather than histological boundaries during organ formation. As a heparan sulfate-containing cell surface molecule, syndecan-1 can simultaneously bind various components of the extracellular matrix and members of the heparin-binding growth factors. Indeed, syndecan-1 may act as a co-receptor for basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) (Salmivirta, M., Heino, J., and Jalkanen, M. (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267, 17606-17610), allowing the growth factor to bind the tyrosine kinase bFGF receptor. We have studied the role of syndecan-1 in growth factor response by growing 3T3 cells transfected with syndecan-1 in the presence of bFGF. The enhanced expression of syndecan-1 caused down-regulation of bFGF-induced cell proliferation and, at the same time, enhancement of cell matrix interactions. Thus, the induced expression of the heparan sulfate co-receptor (syndecan-1) may provide a mechanism to restrict FGF action and modulate cell-matrix interactions to maintain co-ordinated growth of cells during organ formation.
Relationship between optical properties and microstructure of CeO2–SiO2 composite thin films (2004)

CeO 2 – SiO 2 composite thin films were prepared by e-beam evaporation and ion beam assisted deposition using an End-Hall ion source. The refractive index of composite thin films exhibited a maximum value at 20%–35%SiO2 fraction, indicating the high packing density. Optical analysis revealed that the transmittance and reflectance spectra of composite films were consistent with the results of the refractive index. The results from x-ray diffractometry, atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy measurements showed that composite thin films containing 20%–35%SiO2 concentration had a dense and smooth amorphous surface, compared to the roughened granular structure of the pure SiO2 and CeO2 thin films. The composite thin films with 20%–35%SiO2 concentration exhibited a higher resistance to water absorption than the CeO2 thin films in spite of the highest refractive index.
The Association between Arterial Stiffness and Fluid Status in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients (2014)

Arterial stiffness is increased in fluid-overloaded PD patients. Our results indicated that fluid status is an independent predictor of PWV.
Chemical and Enzymatic Synthesis of Modified Sialyl Lewis X Tetrasaccharides with High Affinity for E and P‐Selectin (2000)

A series of sialyl-Lewis X tetrasaccharide analogs 1a—d was prepared using a combined chemical and enzymatic approach. Sialic acid analogs 5b,c were obtained from 2-azido mannose 4c or 2-deoxy mannose 4b and pyruvate by an aldolase reaction and converted to the protected thioglycosides 3b,c that served as sialyl donors for the Lewis X acceptor trisaccharide 2. The resulting sialyl-Lewis X tetrasaccharides 8a—c were deprotected by deacylation and saponification of the methyl ester. Debenzylation was achieved by careful transfer hydrogenation in the presence of formic acid or ammonium formate as a hydrogen source. Three sialyl-Lewis X derivatives 1a—c were thus obtained and the parent compound 1a was further modified by alkaline hydrolysis of the two acetamides to give the lyso sialyl-Lewis X derivative 1d. The four sialyl-Lewis X tetrasaccharides 1a—d were tested for their binding affinity to E and P-selectin with the lyso sialyl-Lewis X derivative 1d showing the highest inhibitory potency for both lectins.
Protein-only mechanism induces self-perpetuating changes in the activity of neuronal Aplysia cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein (CPEB) (2011)

Neuronal cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein (CPEB) plays a critical role in maintaining the functional and morphological long-lasting synaptic changes that underlie learning and memory. It can undergo a prion switch, but it remains unclear if this self-templating change in protein conformation is alone sufficient to create a stable change in CPEB activity: a robust "protein-only" biochemical memory. To investigate, we take advantage of yeast cells wherein the neuronal CPEB of Aplysia is expressed in the absence of any neuronal factors and can stably adopt either an active or an inactive state. Reminiscent of well-characterized yeast prions, we find that CPEB can adopt several distinct activity states or "strains." These states are acquired at a much higher spontaneous rate than is typical of yeast prions, but they are extremely stable--perpetuating for years--and have all of the non-Mendelian genetic characteristics of bona fide yeast prions. CPEB levels are too low to allow direct physical characterization, but CPEB strains convert a fusion protein, which shares only the prion-like domain of CPEB, into amyloid in a strain-specific manner. Lysates of CPEB strains seed the purified prion domain to adopt the amyloid conformation with strain-specific efficiencies. Amyloid conformers generated by spontaneous assembly of the purified prion domain (and a more biochemically tractable derivative) transformed cells with inactive CPEB into the full range of distinct CPEB strains. Thus, CPEB employs a prion mechanism to create stable, finely tuned self-perpetuating biochemical memories. These biochemical memories might be used in the local homeostatic maintenance of long-term learning-related changes in synaptic morphology and function.
Scoring the Current Risk Stratification Guidelines in Follow-up Evaluation of Patients After Metal-on-Metal Hip Arthroplasty (2016)

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Impact of Dirty Devices on CDMA Network Coverage and Capacity (2015)

The introduction of cellphones with poor receiver sensitivity, known as dirty devices, to the Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) cellular network results in a reduction in cell edge coverage, degraded capacity, and higher drop-call rates. This poor network performance has a negative impact on customer experience and satisfaction, which may result in increased churn for CDMA wireless carriers. Previous research on the impact of dirty devices has used computer-based simulations. This paper demonstrates the influence of dirty devices on a live commercial CDMA network using two distinct approaches. The first approach deploys dirty and non-dirty devices in a live commercial cell, and measures the impact on forward base transceiver station (BTS) power and forward link Ec/Io (Ec is the received pilot chip energy and Io is the spectral density of the total power seen by the device). A series of tests on a live CDMA network with known dirty devices shows an increase in BTS transmit power resources compared with non-dirty devices, leading to the degradation of forward link Ec/Io. The second approach uses a statistical study of the aggregated pilot strength measurement messages reported by the mobile to ascertain the impact of known dirty devices on the overall network Ec/Io of non-dirty devices.
Passion and Self-Murder (2023)

Abstract The defense strategy of demeaning the moral character of Maria Cornell aligns with efforts to prove that her death was a suicide rather than a murder. Across the landscape of New England’s factory towns, Cornell’s co-workers are summoned to recount her confessions as to how she was tempted to commit suicide, thus revealing changing attitudes toward mental illness; associations of madness with female emotions, sexuality, and deviance; and fears that a changing society is making Americans more susceptible to insanity and suicide. Suicide stories, including those told about Maria Cornell, captivate Americans in this era because they are convinced that they live in a society that fosters insanity and suicide.