gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Accumulation of oxysterols in the erythrocytes of COVID-19 patients as a biomarker for case severity (2023)

Abstract Background : Due to the high risk of COVID-19 patients to the formation of thrombosis in the circulating blood, atherosclerosis, and myocardial infarction, it was necessary to study the lipidomic of the erythrocytes. The aim of this work was to analyze the pathogenic oxysterols and acylcarnitines in the erythrocyte’s homogenate of COVID-19 patients and to estimate the case severity from the level of oxysterols. Methods : A linear ion trap mass spectrometry coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography was used to investigate the extract of erythrocytes homogenate. The toxic biomarkers that primarily induce the generation of dead red blood cells, were characterized, and quantified in the erythrocytes of COVID-19 patients and matched with healthy volunteers. Results : A total of 30 patients and 30 healthy volunteers were enrolled. The concentration of five oxysterols and six acylcarnitines in the erythrocyte’s homogenate of COVID-19 patients was significantly upregulated matching with healthy subjects at p &lt;0.05. The average total concentration of oxysterols was 23.36 ± 13.47 μg/mL in the erythrocytes of COVID-19 patients, while samples of healthy volunteers showed a total concentration of 4.92 ± 1.61 μg/mL. The average concentration level of 7-ketocholesterol and 4-cholestenone in the COVID-19 patients was higher by five and ten-fold compared to the healthy subjects. Also, the average concentration of acylcarnitines in the erythrocyte's homogenate of COVID-19 patients was high by 2-to-4-fold in comparison with the healthy volunteers. Conclusions : The abnormally high levels of oxysterols and acylcarnitines found in the erythrocytes of COVID-19 patients were associated with the severity of the case's complications and substantial risk of thrombosis. The concentration of oxysterols in the erythrocyte homogenate could be useful as a diagnostic biomarker to stand on the COVID-19 case severity.
A Neurocomputer Board Based on the ANNA Neural Network Chip (1991)

A board is described that contains the ANN A neural-network chip, and a DSP32C digital signal processor. The ANNA (Analog Neural Network Arithmetic unit) chip performs mixed analog/digital processing. The combination of ANNA with the DSP allows high-speed, end-to-end ex-ecution of numerous signal-processing applications, including the prepro-cessing, the neural-net calculations, and the postprocessing steps. The ANNA board evaluates neural networks 10 to 100 times faster than the DSP alone. The board is suitable for implementing large (million con-nections) networks with sparse weight matrices. Three applications have been implemented on the board: a convolver network for slant detection of text blocks, a handwritten digit recognizer, and a neural network for recognition-based segmentation. 1
Dual-reference full-range frequency domain optical coherence tomography (2009)

It has been shown that frequency domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT) systems achieve higher sensitivities compared to time domain OCT systems. However, the obscure object structure due to the mirror image generated by the Fourier transform is one of the main problems in FD-OCT. We designed and developed a novel full range FD-OCT system that we refer to as the dual-reference full-range FD-OCT (DR-FDOCT) that enables doubling the imaging depth by removing mirror images generated from the Fourier transform of the detected real-valued spectra. The DR-FDOCT system enables full-range imaging without any loss of speed and is less sensitive to phase errors generated by involuntary movements of the subject than the other established full-range OCT systems. The reason is because it uses two signals with a phase difference of &#960;/2 obtained simultaneously from two reference arms to remove mirror images.
Internal modified-layer formation mechanism into silicon with nanosecond laser (2006)

Purpose: When a permeable nanosecond pulse laser which is condensed into the inside of a silicon wafer is scanned in the horizontal direction, a belt-shaped polycrystal layer is formed at an arbitrary depth in the wafer. Applying tensile stress perpendicularly to this belt-shaped modified-layer, silicon wafer can be separated easily into individual chip without creating any damage to the wafer surface comparing with the conventional blade dicing method, because the cracks that spread from the modified layer up and down progress to the surface. This technology is called “stealth dicing” (SD), and attracts attentions as a novel dicing technology in semiconductor industries. The purpose of this study is to clarify the formation mechanism of modified layer. Design/methodology/approach: We paid attention to an experimental result that the absorption coefficient varies with temperature. We analyzed a coupling problem composed of condensed laser propagation in a silicon single crystal, laser absorption, temperature rise, and heat conduction. Simple thermal stress analysis was also conducted based on those results. Findings: As a result, formation mechanism of the modified layer could be explained clearly. Temperature dependence of absorption coefficient is the most important factor of the modified layer formation. Research limitations/implications: The present analysis can be applied to find the optimum laser irradiation condition for SD method, and it is a future subject to confirm it experimentally. Practical implications: It was supported by the present analysis that the problem of thermal effect on the active region can be solved by the SD method. Originality/value: SD method for wafer dicing is original firstly and it is valuable that formation mechanism of the modified layer in SD method was clarified theoretically.
New Phase-Change Materials by Atomic-Level Engineering the Dopants for Extremely Low Vth Drift at 85 °C and High Endurance 3D Crosspoint Memory : IBM/Macronix PCRAM Joint Project (2022)

New phase-change materials (PCM) from single composite target, which is made of GST-225 and dopants “A+O (oxygen)” using special setup magnetron sputtering are systematically studied their potential for 3D crosspoint memory technology. The PCM’s stable cycling endurance characteristic is the critical criterion to guarantee tight $\mathrm{V}_{\mathrm {th}}$ distribution during write cycles. We propose a new PCM material for 3D crosspoint memory technology. The new material, with optimized concentration, integrated with high Indium doped AsSeGe selector, demonstrates a wide $\mathrm{V}_{\mathrm {tS}}/ \mathrm{V}_{\mathrm {tR}}$ memory window (~1.5V memory window), stable 1E7 chips level write cycles (using 400ns SET box pulse time) and extremely low $\mathrm{V}_{\mathrm {tS}}$ and $\mathrm{V}_{\mathrm {tR}}$ drift characteristic (~0V) at 85 °C/1 day in 256kbits (64kbits are tested) ADM memory arrays.
Safety controller synthesis using human generated trajectories: Nonlinear dynamics with feedback linearization and differential flatness (2012)

The aim of the safety controller synthesis problem is to synthesize a feedback controller that results in closed-loop trajectories that meet certain criteria, namely, the state or output trajectories terminate in a Goal set without entering an Unsafe set. We propose a formal method for synthesizing such a controller using finitely many human generated trajectories. The main theoretical idea behind our results is the concept of trajectory robustness, which is established using the theory of approximate bisimulation. Approximate bisimulation has been used to establish robustness (in the L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">∞</sub> sense) of execution trajectories of dynamical systems and hybrid systems, resulting in trajectory-based safety verification procedures. The work reported in this paper builds on our earlier work where the dynamics of the system is assumed to be affine linear. We extend the existing results to special classes of nonlinear dynamical systems, feedback linearizable and differentially flat systems. For both cases, we present some examples where it is possible to synthesize the controller using human generated trajectories, which are obtained through interactive computer programs with graphical interface (computer games).
Rational optimization of siRNA to ensure strand bias in the interaction with the RNA-induced silencing complex (2023)

To ensure specificity of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), the antisense strand must be selected by the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). We have previously demonstrated that a 5'-morpholino-modified nucleotide at the 5'-end of the sense strand inhibits its interaction with RISC ensuring selection of the desired antisense strand. To improve this antagonizing binding property even further, a new set of morpholino-based analogues, Mo2 and Mo3, and a piperidine analogue, Pip, were designed based on the known structure of Argonaute2, the slicer enzyme component of RISC. Sense strands of siRNAs were modified with these new analogues, and the siRNAs were evaluated <i>in vitro</i> and in mice for RNAi activity. Our data demonstrated that Mo2 is the best RISC inhibitor among the modifications tested and that it effectively mitigates sense strand-based off-target activity of siRNA.
Optimization of Swirler-Venturi Mixer Geometry for Fuel Reformer Application (2005)

Swirler Venturi Mixers (SVM) is an excellent candidate as the fuel-air mixer in fuel cell reformer applications. A numerical parametric study is carried out to provide design guideline for its geometry. Parameters considered are the length of the diffuser, throat lengths, swirler vane angles, and the air-steam inlet geometry. The effect on spray structure and fuel air mixing are characterized using CFD simulation for representative fuel cell reformer processes, namely Catalytic Partial Oxidation Reformer (CPOX), AutoThermal Reforming (ATR) and Steam Reforming (SR). The degree of vaporization, the uniformity of the fuel-air ratio, and the pressure drop before the catalytic bed are used as the criteria to determine the performance. Cold-flow spray visualization using water is also carried out to show the effect of swirl and wall impingement for certain geometry. The simulation results with hot air case with venturi with 60 o Swirler has more attached flow and gives more uniform vapor distribution when compared to 0 o and 30 o swirler. Higher swirler angle helps in better mixing of fuel and enables in good heat transfer and evaporation of fuel. Venturi with 8-inch divergence diffuser has more complete vaporization because of higher residence time and slow expansion of air. Higher inlet temperature of CPOX produces better vaporization when compared to ATR, which has higher flow rate. Single premixed inlet geometry produces the lowest pressure drop compared to other inlet geometry considered. Cold flow experimental results show significant wall wetting and asymmetric spray for cases with stronger than necessary swirling flow, which could be induced by tangential injection inlets.
The tumour microenvironment shapes dendritic cell plasticity in a human organotypic melanoma culture (2019)

Abstract The tumour microenvironment (TME) forms a major obstacle in effective cancer treatment and for clinical success of immunotherapy. Conventional co-cultures have shed light into multiple aspects of cancer immunobiology, but they are limited by the lack of physiological complexity. We developed a novel human, organotypic skin melanoma culture (OMC) that allows real-time study of host-malignant cell interactions within a multi-cellular tissue architecture. By co-culturing keratinocytes, fibroblasts and immune cells with melanoma cells, onto a de-cellularized dermis, we generated a reconstructed TME that closely recapitulates tumour growth as observed in human lesions and supports cell survival and function. We demonstrate that the OMC is suitable and outperforms conventional 2D co-cultures for the study of TME-imprinting mechanisms. Within the OMC we observed the tumour-driven conversion of cDC2s into CD14 + DCs, characterized by a an immunosuppressive phenotype. The OMC provides a valuable complement to current approaches to study the TME.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐((Trimethylsilyl)methyl)‐1‐(trimethylsilyl)propen‐3‐yl Carboxylates in Cycloaddition. A Novel Approach for Substitutive Cyclopentannulation. (1988)

Abstract Silylation of the alcohol (I) yields the silyloxy derivative (IIIa), which is readily converted into its acetate (IIIb) or carbonate (IIIc).
Analysis of the Behavior of Synchronverters Operating in Parallel by Means of Component Connection Method (CCM) (2018)

It has been recently demonstrated that synchronization units of converters operating nearby may interact with each other affecting the stability of the system. Synchronverters have gained interest from the research community due to their capability of emulating the behaviour of synchronous machines (SMs), therefore being able to self-synchronize themselves to the grid without the need of a dedicated unit. However, parallel operation of synchronverters has not yet been properly investigated in literature. In this paper this topic is investigated by means of eigenvalue analysis. An accurate model of the system under study is developed by adopting the component connection method (CCM) technique, which allows to easily obtain the state-space representation of a complex system. It is demonstrated that the stability of the synchronverter could be negatively affected by the presence of another synchronverter operating in parallel, unless proper measures are taken. The developed frequency-domain model is validated against time-domain simulations in MATLAB/Simulink/PLECS and experimental results with a power-hardware in the loop (PHIL) test bench.
African Swine Fever Diagnosis Adapted to Tropical Conditions by the Use of Dried-blood Filter Papers (2014)

The performance of Whatman 3-MM filter papers for the collection, drying, shipment and long-term storage of blood at ambient temperature, and for the detection of African swine fever virus and antibodies was assessed. Conventional and real-time PCR, viral isolation and antibody detection by ELISA were performed on paired samples (blood/tissue versus dried-blood 3-MM filter papers) collected from experimentally infected pigs and from farm pigs in Madagascar and Côte d'Ivoire. 3-MM filter papers were used directly in the conventional and real-time PCR without previous extraction of nucleic acids. Tests that performed better with 3-MM filter papers were in descending order: virus isolation, real-time UPL PCR and conventional PCR. The analytical sensitivity of real-time UPL PCR on filter papers was similar to conventional testing (virus isolation or conventional PCR) on organs or blood. In addition, blood-dried filter papers were tested in ELISA for antibody detection and the observed sensitivity was very close to conventional detection on serum samples and gave comparable results. Filter papers were stored up to 9 months at 20-25°C and for 2 months at 37°C without significant loss of sensitivity for virus genome detection. All tests on 3-MM filter papers had 100% specificity compared to the gold standards. Whatman 3-MM filter papers have the advantage of being cheap and of preserving virus viability for future virus isolation and characterization. In this study, Whatman 3-MM filter papers proved to be a suitable support for the collection, storage and use of blood in remote areas of tropical countries without the need for a cold chain and thus provide new possibilities for antibody testing and virus isolation.
High Mobility Electron Transport Material with Pyrene Moiety for Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (OLEDs) (2011)

We report a new electron transport material, 1,6-di(pyridin-3-yl)-3,8-di(phenyl)pyrene (PPP). It has a very good electron mobility of 4.1 × 10−3 cm2/Vs at the 0.1 MV/cm. This PPP is evaluated along with other electron transport materials such as Alq3 (tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum) and Bphen (4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline) in green phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes. The maximum external quantum efficiency is increased by 43.5% compared with a reference Alq3 device. Operating voltage to reach 1000cd/m2 also is reduced to 1.2 V. Such high efficiency and low driving voltage are mainly attributed to the fast electron mobility and good LUMO (lowest unoccupied molecular orbital) level of the PPP material.
Die to wafer 3D stacking for below 10um pitch microbumps (2016)

Processing of bump-less or embedded microbumps is introduced in this paper as an approach which enables scaling microbumps for below-10-μm pitches. Landing wafer is standard damascene process and in top wafer bumps are embedded in a soft backed polymer. Later, during thermo-compression bonding, this polymer is cured to bond two chips together. Process flow and results of TC bonding is discussed in this paper.
Space Technology and Applications International Forum : Conference on International Space Station Utilization : Conference on Global Virtual Presence : Conference on Applications of Thermophysics in Microgravity and Breakthrough Propulsion Physics : Conference on Next Generation Launch Systems : 16th Symposium on Space Nuclear Power and Propulsion : Albuquerque, NM February 1999 (1999)

The proceedings document the most recent publications in a number of key areas of space technology, space nuclear power and propulsion systems and technology, solar system exploration technology, and advanced innovative propulsion concepts. The technical areas covered in these proceedings include the latest on the thermophysics in microgravity, space nuclear reactor power and propulsion systems technologies for the exploration of distant planets in the solar system, recent advances in static and dynamic energy conversion technologies including segmented thermoelectric, thermionic, alkali metals thermal to electric conversion, closed Brayton engines, and free piston Stirling engines for space power applications, high power electrical propulsion, advanced radioisotope power systems, human space exploration and colonization, advanced radioisotope power systems, and next generation commercial/civil space transportation systems technology.
A statistical approach for identifying differential distributions in single-cell RNA-seq experiments (2016)

The ability to quantify cellular heterogeneity is a major advantage of single-cell technologies. However, statistical methods often treat cellular heterogeneity as a nuisance. We present a novel method to characterize differences in expression in the presence of distinct expression states within and among biological conditions. We demonstrate that this framework can detect differential expression patterns under a wide range of settings. Compared to existing approaches, this method has higher power to detect subtle differences in gene expression distributions that are more complex than a mean shift, and can characterize those differences. The freely available R package scDD implements the approach.
Behavioral Modeling Accuracy For Rf Power Amplifier With Memory Effects (2010)

In this paper, a system level behavioural model for RF power amplifier, which exhibits memory effects, and based on multibranch system is proposed. When higher order terms are included, the memory polynomial model (MPM) exhibits numerical instabilities. A set of memory orthogonal polynomial model (OMPM) is introduced to alleviate the numerical instability problem associated to MPM model. A data scaling and centring algorithm was applied to improve the power amplifier modeling accuracy. Simulation results prove that the numerical instability can be greatly reduced, as well as the model precision improved with nonlinear model.
Aleukemic Mast Cell Leukemia with Abnormal Immunophenotype and C-kit Mutation D816V (2004)

Mastocytosis comprises a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by proliferation and accumulation of mast cells in 1 or more organ systems. Mast cell leukemia (MCL) is an extremely rare subtype of mastocytosis in which a leukemic spread of mast cells and a rapid progression of disease is seen. In typical cases, mast cells are found in the peripheral blood. However, an aleukemic variant of MCL (formerly termed malignant mastocytosis) has also been described. We here report a case of aleukemic MCL with abnormal immunophenotype of mast cells and the classical c-kit point mutation Asp-816-Val (=D816V). The 75-year-old male patient had a short history of weight loss and lymphadenopathy. There were no urticaria pigmentosa-like skin lesions. The bone marrow was diffusely infiltrated with atypical mast cells that comprised more than 80% of all nucleated cells on a bone marrow smears. As assessed by immunohistochemistry, neoplastic mast cells expressed tryptase, chymase, CD2, CD25, CD68, and the KIT protein (CD117). Mutation analysis revealed the c-kit mutation D816V. Since circulating mast cells could not be detected in the peripheral blood, the diagnosis of aleukemic MCL was established in accordance to the updated WHO consensus classification. This case further supports the notion that the pathogenesis (c-kit mutation D816V) in MCL is closely related to that found in indolent mast cell disorders. However, additional (but yet unknown) molecular (genetic) defects have to be considered to explain the extremely heterogenous clinical course in these patients.
An Overview of Self‐Healable Polymers and Recent Advances in the Field (2022)

The search for materials with better performance, longer service life, lower environmental impact, and lower overall cost is at the forefront of polymer science and material engineering. This has led to the development of self-healing polymers with a range of healing mechanisms including capsular-based, vascular, and intrinsic self-healing polymers. The development of self-healable systems has been inspired by the healing of biological systems such as skin wound healing and broken bone reconstruction. The goal of using self-healing polymers in various applications is to extend the service life of polymers without the need for replacement or human intervention especially in restricted access areas such as underwater/underground piping where inspection, intervention, and maintenance are very difficult. Through an industrial and scholarly lens, this paper provides: a) an overview of self-healing polymers; b) classification of different self-healing polymers and polymer-based composites; c) mechanical, thermal, and electrical analysis characterization; d) applications in coating, composites, and electronics; e) modeling and simulation; and f) recent development in the past 20 years. This review highlights the importance of healable polymers for an economically and environmentally sustainable future, the most recent advances in the field, and current limitations in fabrication, manufacturing, and performance.