gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multicast routing in 3-stage Clos ATM switching networks (1994)

An approach to building a large ATM switch is to simply set up a regularly-structured network in which smaller switch modules are interconnected. Routing is an issue if there are multiple paths from any input to any output in such a network. We focus on the 3-stage Clos network, not only because it is the architecture of choice for several potential switch manufacturers, but also because its high connectivity poses a stringent test on routing algorithms. One optimal and two heuristic algorithms have been designed and tested. Our results show that the heuristic algorithms can find multicast routes that are close to optimal within a response time that is significantly lower than that of the optimal algorithm. Further analysis of the experimental data suggests a hybrid implementation in which the optimal and heuristic algorithms are run in parallel with a set time limit. Finally, although this paper is motivated by the Clos switching network, the algorithms and the discussion here also apply to communications networks with a two-hop structure.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Shifting the limits in wheat research and breeding using a fully annotated reference genome (2018)

An annotated reference sequence representing the hexaploid bread wheat genome in 21 pseudomolecules has been analyzed to identify the distribution and genomic context of coding and noncoding elements across the A, B, and D subgenomes. With an estimated coverage of 94% of the genome and containing 107,891 high-confidence gene models, this assembly enabled the discovery of tissue- and developmental stage-related coexpression networks by providing a transcriptome atlas representing major stages of wheat development. Dynamics of complex gene families involved in environmental adaptation and end-use quality were revealed at subgenome resolution and contextualized to known agronomic single-gene or quantitative trait loci. This community resource establishes the foundation for accelerating wheat research and application through improved understanding of wheat biology and genomics-assisted breeding.
Supplementary Figure S5 from Evolution of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer in ctDNA during Sequential Androgen Receptor Pathway Inhibition (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S5 provides an overview of per patient ctDNA fraction and sequential treatment response (best prostate-specific antigen (PSA) decline and duration of response).&lt;/p&gt;
Kinetic Modeling of Chemical Degradation Phenomena in Fuel Cell Ionomers (2014)

A kinetic model has been developed to describe the chemical degradation of Nafion-type polymer electrolyte membranes. The model accounts for pathways of radical formation and consumption along with mechanisms of ionomer degradation through radical attack. Systematic simplifications on the set of model equations lead to analytical expressions for concentration of aggressive hydroxyl radical as a function of initial iron content and hydrogen peroxide concentration. The ionomer degradation model employs a coarse-grained structure of Nafion ionomer. . It distinguishes units corresponding to head groups and trunk segments of sidechains. The backbone segment between two sidechains is the third unit considered in the degradation model. A set of differential equations is formulated to describe the consumption of these units and determine the associated rate of fluorine loss and the change in the ion exchange capacity (IEC). A parametric study was performed to study the impact of different degradation mechanisms, degradation conditions, and chemistries of the PFSA on fluorine loss and IEC change. The rate constants of degradation processes are found through comparison with the experimental degradation data. Results will be discussed in view a structural stabilization of PEMs and the mitigation of chemical degradation.
Hot sputtering of barium strontium titanate on nickel foils (2008)

The relationships linking temperature and voltage dependent dielectric response, grain size, and thermal budget during synthesis are illustrated. In doing so, it was found that maximizing thermal budgets within experimental bounds leads to electrical properties comparable to the best literature reports irrespective of the processing technique or microstructure. The optimal film properties include a bulk transition temperature, a room temperature permittivity of 1800, a voltage tuning ratio of 10:1 at 450 kV/cm, and a loss tangent less than 1.5% at 450 kV/cm. The sample set illustrates the well-known relationship between permittivity and crystal dimension, and the onset of a transition temperature shifts at very fine grain sizes. A brick wall model incorporating a high permittivity grain and a low permittivity grain boundary is used to interpret the dielectric data. However, the data show that high permittivity and tunability values can be achieved at grain sizes or film thicknesses that many reports associate with dramatic reductions in the dielectric response. These differences are discussed in terms of crystal quality and maximum processing temperature. The results collectively suggest that scaling effects in ferroelectric thin films are in many cases the result of low thermal budgets and the consequently high degree of structural imperfection and are not from the existence of low permittivity phases at the dielectric-electrode interface.
Correction to ″We Take It Personally″ (2013)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionNEXTORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionCorrection to ″We Take It Personally″Dawn A. Bonnell, Jillian M. Buriak, Warren C. W. Chan, Jason H. Hafner, Paula T. Hammond, Mark C. Hersam, Ali Javey, Nicholas A. Kotov, Andre E. Nel, Peter J. Nordlander, Wolfgang J. Parak, Reginald M. Penner, Andrey L. Rogach, Ray E. Schaak, Molly M. Stevens, Andrew T. S. Wee, C. Grant Willson, and Paul S. WeissCite this: ACS Nano 2013, 7, 2, 1823Publication Date (Web):January 7, 2013Publication History Published online7 January 2013Published inissue 26 February 2013https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/nn400034ehttps://doi.org/10.1021/nn400034ecorrectionACS PublicationsCopyright © 2013 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views2167Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (40 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Lymphoid hyperplasia in transgenic mice over‐expressing a secreted form of the human interleukin‐1β gene product (1999)

To evaluate the biological effects of over-expression of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) on the immune system we have generated transgenic mice, expressing the IL-1beta gene fused to a heterologous signal sequence under the control of the mouse immunoglobulin enhancer (Emu). A prominent hyperplasia and a disturbed microarchitecture of lymphoid tissues were observed in the transgenic mice. The CD4+ T cells in the hyperplastic lymphoid organs seemed to invade the majority of the lymphoid organs including B-cell restricted areas. Analysis of lymph node cells revealed an increased frequency of CD4+ CD44high CD62L- T cells and local secretion of IL-2 and IL-4, compatible with an elevated number of activated T cells. Furthermore, significant levels of human IL-1beta in sera and high concentrations of serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) were observed in the transgenic mice. The data suggest a role for IL-1beta in controlling lymphoid microarchitecture and, when over-expressed, breaking the threshold in T-helper-B-cell interaction.
Overview of the HEVC Video Coding Standard (2013)

Contents 10.1 Introduction .............................................................................................292 10.2 Standardization Process ............................................................................293 10.3 Coding Tools ...........................................................................................293
Immunochemical Identification of Thyroglobulin Fragments Synthesizedin Vitroby Bovine Thyroid Polyribosomes (1969)

14C-labeled proteins synthesized in vitro by bovine thyroid polyribosomes were studied by immunochemical methods with rabbit antithyroglobulin antiserum. Soluble proteins produced during incubation were partially precipitated by excess antithyroblobulin antibody plus anti-rabbit γ-globulin serum. The reaction could be partially blocked by altered thyroglobulin [sodium dodecyl sulfate-treated, trypsintreated or reduced and carboxymethylated (RCM)] and to a lesser extent by native thyroglobulin (TG). [14C]proteins solubilized from polyribosomes with 0.25% SDS were also partially precipitated by anti-TG serum, and precipitation was blocked only by altered TG, but the results were inconclusive due to extensive nonspecific coprecipitation. The anti-TG serum was found to contain at least 2 types of antibodies, one reacting with native TG and RCMTG and the other only with RCM-TG. These antibodies, isolated by adsorption with the appropriate antigen, were both capable of reacting with the newly synthesized [14C] proteins. The evidence indicates that reacting antigenic groups on some of the newly synthesized proteins are the same as those on altered forms of thyroglobulin but different than those which react in the native molecule. (Endocrinology85: 752, 1969)
Microbubble Persistence in the Microcirculation During Ischemia/Reperfusion and Inflammation Is Caused by Integrin- and Complement-Mediated Adherence to Activated Leukocytes (2000)

Microvascular attachment of albumin and lipid microbubbles in the setting of I-R and TNF-alpha-induced inflammation is due to their beta(2)-integrin- and complement-mediated binding to activated leukocytes adherent to the venular wall. Thus, microbubble persistence on contrast ultrasonography may be useful for the detection and monitoring of leukocyte adhesion in inflammatory diseases.
Quantum and statistical mechanical studies of liquids. 25. Solvation and conformation of methanol in water (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTQuantum and statistical mechanical studies of liquids. 25. Solvation and conformation of methanol in waterWilliam L. Jorgensen and Jeffry D. MaduraCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 6, 1407–1413Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00344a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00344a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1036Altmetric-Citations358LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Use of a novel immediate access dialysis graft designed to prevent needle-related complications: A first-in-man case report (2020)

Currently, there is no vascular access that possesses all ideal qualities for hemodialysis access, but attributes particularly lacking include: ease of identification (cannulation zone), ease of access, resistance to stenosis, durable to repetitive cannulation, resistance to infection, resistance to acute needle-related injuries, and instant hemostasis. The overall value of these attributes could be appreciated in the reduction of complications (patient burden and suffering, which can also result in increased healthcare costs), and improved safety and durability. In this case report, we present a novel hemodialysis access graft that has the potential to provide the following benefits: it is designed to be self-sealing and immediately usable post implant, easy to identify, easy to access, has more durable cannulation zones, and protects from needle-related injuries. This case report describes the first-in-man use of this novel graft technology to replace a giant, thrombotic, and difficult-to-access arteriovenous fistula to provide the patient with a potentially safer and more durable access that does not require placement of a bridging dialysis catheter. This single-patient experience suggests that implantation and function of this novel graft as a hemodialysis access is feasible in a human subject with end-stage renal disease, and it suggests that the novel properties (i.e. immediate use, easy identification, easy use, cannulation zone durability, and protection from needle-related injuries) of this graft seem to function as intended.
Data Supplement from Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Block Tumor Growth Both by Lytic Activity and IFNγ-Dependent Cell-Cycle Arrest (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Adoptive CTL transfer therapy in B16-fucciÎ”IC tumor-bearing mice.&lt;/p&gt;
First Experimental Transmission over 50 m GI-POF at 40 Gb/s for Variable Launching Offsets (2011)

We show by BER measurements the first 40 Gb/s transmission over 50m GI-POF. The robustness towards launching offsets, polarisation changes and fibre bending is investigated for MMF and POF with 33GHz multi-mode coupled photo detector. Introduction Silica multi-mode fibre (MMF) and plastic optical fibre (POF) systems are characterized by easy handling and robustness towards strong bending compared to single mode fibre (SMF) systems. Therefore, both are promising candidates for the increasing market of high speed local area networks (LANs) and short optical interconnects in high performance computing (HPC) environment up to 40 Gb/s [1,2]. First experimental results based on eye diagrams were presented up to 40 Gb/s over GI-MMF [2] and up to 30 Gb/s over GI-POF [3]. However, all these publications were limited by multi-mode coupled photo detectors either with a small bandwidth or a small active detection area. For this type of fibre links, no BER measurements focused on the robustness towards launching offsets and polarisation changes were presented. In contrast to that, we are using a 33 GHz multi-mode coupled photo detector with an active detection area of 20 um diameter. This photo detector is the key element for our experimental investigation by BER measurements of robustness towards mode dispersion, polarisation and bending effects at a high data rate of 40 Gb/s over 50 m GIPOF and 100 m GI-MMF. Experimental Setup The experimental setup is shown in fig. 1. The light of the DFB laser (λ=1540 nm) is externally modulated by a Mach Zehnder Modulator (MZM). This is driven by a PRBS of length 2-1 with a data rate of 40 Gb/s (multiplexed in the electrical domain from 10 Gb/s to 40 Gb/s). Afterwards the signal is amplified by an EDFA and attenuated with a variable optical attenuator (VOA) to vary fibre input power. The polarisation of the signal can be changed with a polarisation controller. Variable restricted launch positions are realised by a micropositioner. Thereby, the light is launched with different offsets in horizontal as well as vertical direction from SMF (thin line) into the graded index MMF/POF (thick line). Afterwards, the signal is transmitted over 50 m GI-POF (loss: 14dB – would be reduced to 3 dB by transmitting at 1300 nm) or 100 m GI-MMF (loss: 0.5 dB; bandwidth at 1300 nm: 4 GHz km) with core diameters of 50 um. The signals are detected by a high speed (33 GHz 3 dB bandwidth) multi-mode coupled (50 um core, 1 m length) photo detector with an active area of 20 um diameter. This signal is afterwards amplified by an electrical amplifier (bandwidth: 48GHz; gain: 20dB). Bending influences for POF transmission are investigated by turning the fibre around a screw with a diameter of 8 mm. Finally, the robustness of the system is analysed after 1:4 demultiplexing in the electrical domain by a bit error ratio tester at 10Gb/s (measuring all four tributaries) or an oscilloscope. GI-MMF or 40 Gb/s Data
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of 2Z,4E‐Dienals by Addition of Organometallic Reagents to Pyrylium Perchlorate. (1989)

Abstract The title procedure represents a novel five‐carbon homologation of organometallic reagents and proceeds by addition of these reagents at C‐2 of (III) followed by electrocyclic ring‐opening.
Interaction of lithotripter shockwaves with single inertial cavitation bubbles (2007)

The dynamic interaction of a shockwave (modelled as a pressure pulse) with an initially spherically oscillating bubble is investigated. Upon the shockwave impact, the bubble deforms non-spherically and the flow field surrounding the bubble is determined with potential flow theory using the boundary-element method (BEM). The primary advantage of this method is its computational efficiency. The simulation process is repeated until the two opposite sides of the bubble surface collide with each other (i.e. the formation of a jet along the shockwave propagation direction). The collapse time of the bubble, its shape and the velocity of the jet are calculated. Moreover, the impact pressure is estimated based on water-hammer pressure theory. The Kelvin impulse, kinetic energy and bubble displacement (all at the moment of jet impact) are also determined. Overall, the simulated results compare favourably with experimental observations of lithotripter shockwave interaction with single bubbles (using laser-induced bubbles at various oscillation stages). The simulations confirm the experimental observation that the most intense collapse, with the highest jet velocity and impact pressure, occurs for bubbles with intermediate size during the contraction phase when the collapse time of the bubble is approximately equal to the compressive pulse duration of the shock wave. Under this condition, the maximum amount of energy of the incident shockwave is transferred to the collapsing bubble. Further, the effect of the bubble contents (ideal gas with different initial pressures) and the initial conditions of the bubble (initially oscillating vs. non-oscillating) on the dynamics of the shockwave-bubble interaction are discussed.
DynTile: Parametric tiled loop generation for parallel execution on multicore processors (2010)

Loop tiling is an important compiler transformation used for enhancing data locality and exploiting coarse-grained parallelism. Tiled codes in which tile sizes are runtime parameters - called parametrically-tiled codes - are important for empirical tuning systems like ATLAS. Some recent work has addressed the problem of generating sequential parametric tiled code. In this paper we describe DynTile, a system for transforming untiled sequential input C code containing affine imperfectly nested loops to parametrically tiled code for parallel execution on multicore processors. The effectiveness of the system is demonstrated using a number of benchmarks on an eight-core system.
Skewness and Kurtosis Risks of Quality Control in Overlay Inspection (2010)

The population of overlay errors in layer-to-layer structures in semiconductor manufacturing often obeys non-normal distribution functions such as elliptic, rectangular, and skewed distributions. Thus, there can be many wrong diagnoses of quality control that can lead to consumer's risk and producer's risk. In a lot acceptance test, a product should be judged by variables rather than by attributes because of the small sample size. A new acceptance test by variables was introduced for a non-normal population. It included sample skewness and kurtosis as well as mean and standard deviations. Using operating characteristic (OC) curves, it was shown that sampling inspection by variables can be applied safely to a strong non-normal population with new variables.
High Expression of SQSTM1/p62 Protein Is Associated with Poor Prognosis in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (2014)

High expression of SQSTM1/p62 (p62) protein, which functions as a hub for various cellular signaling pathways, has been detected in several human cancers. However, the clinicopathological impact of high p62 expression is largely unknown in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Here, the expression level of p62 in primary EOCs (n=266) was assessed by immunohistochemistry, and its clinical significance was analyzed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine the impact of p62 expression on overall survival. p62 was expressed in the cytoplasm (Cyto) and/or nucleus (Nuc) in primary EOCs, and an expression subtype (Cyto(High)/Nuc(Low)), showing high expression in the cytoplasm but low expression in the nucleus, was significantly correlated with serous carcinoma (P<0.001), advanced stage (P=0.005), presence of residual tumor (P<0.001), and low overall survival rate (P=0.013). Furthermore, in serous carcinomas (n=107), the p62 Cyto(High)/Nuc(Low) subtype was significantly correlated with low overall survival rate (P=0.019) as an independent factor (P=0.044). Thus, our findings suggest that high expression of cytoplasmic p62 may be a novel prognostic biomarker in EOC, particularly in serous carcinoma.
Precoding in Multibeam Satellite Communications: Present and Future Challenges (2016)

Whenever multibeam satellite systems target very aggressive frequency reuse in their coverage area, inter-beam interference becomes the major obstacle for increasing the overall system throughput. As a matter of fact, users located at the beam edges suffer from very large interference for even a moderately aggressive planning of reuse-2. Although solutions for inter-beam interference management have been investigated at the satellite terminal, it turns out that the performance improvement does not justify the increased terminal complexity and cost. In this article, we pay attention to interference mitigation techniques that take place at the transmitter (i.e., the gateway). Based on this understanding, we provide our vision on advanced precoding techniques and user clustering methods for multibeam broadband fixed satellite communications. We also discuss practical challenges to deploy precoding schemes and the support introduced in the recently published DVB-S2X standard. Future challenges for novel configurations employing precoding are also provided.