gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Increased Frataxin Expression Induced in Friedreich Ataxia Cells by Platinum TALE-VP64s or Platinum TALE-SunTag (2018)

Frataxin gene (FXN) expression is reduced in Friedreich's ataxia patients due to an increase in the number of GAA trinucleotides in intron 1. The frataxin protein, encoded by that gene, plays an important role in mitochondria's iron metabolism. Platinum TALE (plTALE) proteins targeting the regulatory region of the FXN gene, fused with a transcriptional activator (TA) such as VP64 or P300, were used to increase the expression of that gene. Many effectors, plTALE<sub>VP64</sub>, plTALE<sub>p300</sub>, and plTALE<sub>SunTag</sub>, targeting 14 sequences of the FXN gene promoter or intron 1 were produced. This permitted selection of 3 plTALE<sub>VP64s</sub> and 2 plTALE<sub>SunTag</sub> that increased FXN gene expression by up to 19-fold in different Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) primary fibroblasts. Adeno-associated viruses were used to deliver the best effectors to the YG8R mouse model to validate their efficiencies in vivo. Our results showed that these selected plTALE<sub>VP64s</sub> or plTALE<sub>SunTag</sub> induced transcriptional activity of the endogenous FXN gene as well as expression of the frataxin protein in YG8R mouse heart by 10-fold and in skeletal muscles by up to 35-fold. The aconitase activity was positively modulated by the frataxin level in mitochondria, and it was, thus, increased in vitro and in vivo by the increased frataxin expression.
Erratum: ‘‘Quantum wire and dot formation by chemical vapor deposition and molecular layer deposition of one-dimensional conjugated polymer’’ [Appl. Phys. Lett. 60, 268 (1992)] (1992)

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Formalized three-layer system-level model and reuse methodology for embedded data-dominated applications (2000)

In embedded data-dominated applications, a global system-level data transfer and storage exploration phase is crucial in obtaining a cost- and performance-efficient solution. We have developed a novel formalism to describe reusable blocks such that the essential part of the design exploration freedom is retained. This formalism is the basis for a system-level reuse methodology which allows reusing large parts of the design as heavily optimized structural VHDL or assembly code and describes the costly data access-related constructs at higher levels in the code hierarchy. Compared to a reuse approach based on fixed blocks, considerable power and area savings can be obtained, as demonstrated on real-life video and modem applications.
A Single Center Experience of Self-Bougienage on Stricture Recurrence after Surgery for Corrosive Esophageal Strictures in Children (2010)

Although a small number of patients were studied, self-bougienage was safe, less invasive, and effective for the management of esophageal restenosis in patients who required frequent dilation after surgery.
Oxidizing Vacancies in Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Enhance Air‐Cathode Activity (2018)

Oxidizing vacancies in nitrogen-doped carbon have recently been reported to enhance the oxygen reaction activity of air cathodes, but their specific role has remained elusive and controversial. Herein, the critical role of oxidizing the vacancies in enhancing the oxygen reduction reaction for metal-air battery is identified with density functional theory. Deliberate introduction of oxygen-enriched vacancies in nitrogen-doped carbon is shown experimentally to provide superior oxygen reduction activity. In situ X-ray powder diffraction gives direct observation of the oxygen reactions in a zinc-air battery catalyzed by vacancy-enriched oxidized carbon; the intensity changes of the carbon peak show continuous chemisorption of oxygen intermediates on the carbon cathode during discharge. The air-cathode performance is shown to exceed that with Pt/C+IrO<sub>2</sub> catalysts.
Iloprost effects on phagocytes in patients suffering from ischaemic diseases: in vivo evidence for down‐regulation of αMβ2 integrin (1996)

This study has been designed to demonstrate the in vivo effects of iloprost therapy on expression of adhesion molecules on phagocytes. Sixty patients suffering from peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) and/or from skin ulcers due to secondary progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS) were enrolled in a double-blind controlled parallel study. Thirty patients (group I) underwent iloprost infusion and 30 patients (group II) were treated with aspirin. Clinical assessment and measurement of phagocyte activation in vivo, using quantitative flow cytometry, were performed on entry and after 6 h on the first day of therapy. After 3 months of therapy, complete healing of all cutaneous lesions was observed in 84% of the patients treated with iloprost compared with the control patients (P < 0.001). Neutrophils and monocytes of PAOD and PSS patients showed a significant decrease in the expression of the alpha M beta 2 integrin adhesion receptor after 6 h of iloprost infusion. Neutrophils and monocytes released a lower amount of anion superoxide (O2-) after 6 h of iloprost treatment. These data confirm other clinical observations but demonstrate that in vivo this drug modifies the expression of the alpha M beta 2 integrin of phagocytes that has a key role in leukocyte-endothelium interactions in cases of inflammation and thrombosis.
The role of colloids in the transport of contaminants at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal, Denver, CO (1993)

A forced-gradient, pilot-study of ground contaminant transport in an existing plume was conducted at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal in November 1991. Plume contaminants included halogenated VOCs, aromatic hydrocarbons, organchlorine pesticides and other more polar organic compounds. The pilot system consisted of an injection well screened over the entire saturated zone, an extraction well located 30 feet away and granulated activated carbon canisters for the treatment of extracted water. Treated water was spiked with bromide prior to reinjection. A series of observation wells was established between the injection and extraction wells. Organic analysis of extracted colloidal material (10K daltons - 0.1{mu}m) showed the colloids to be with substantional amounts of a number of the target analytes including atrazine (100{mu}g/g colloids), dde (3200{mu}g/g) and DDT (400{mu}g/g). In addition, colloidal material was found to be mobile, although slightly retarded (R{sub f} = 1.5 - 2.0) relativeomide tracer.
Comparison of crystal structures among CAAC-InGaZnO, nc-InGaZnO, and solution-processed InGaZnO (2013)

In order to fabricate a highly reliable InGaZnO-TFT, it is important to form a highly crystalline InGaZnO film with few defects. Evaluation of the crystallinity of InGaZnO is necessary for improving a reliability of InGaZnO-TFT. This paper presents comparison of crystallinities among three kinds of InGaZnO films, which are a CAAC-InGaZnO film having c-axis alignment, a nano-crystalline InGaZnO (nc-InGaZnO) film including significantly nano-order crystal grains, and a solution-processed InGaZnO film having low density. As a result of the comparison, it was found out that even the least crystalline solution-processed InGaZnO film partly includes crystal regions. Further, the results also revealed that it is hard to form uniformly amorphous InGaZnO.
Changing guards: time to move beyond body mass index for population monitoring of excess adiposity (2015)

With the obesity epidemic, and the effects of aging populations, human phenotypes have changed over two generations, possibly more dramatically than in other species previously. As obesity is an important and growing hazard for population health, we recommend a systematic evaluation of the optimal measure(s) for population-level excess body fat. Ideal measure(s) for monitoring body composition and obesity should be simple, as accurate and sensitive as possible, and provide good categorization of related health risks. Combinations of anthropometric markers or predictive equations may facilitate better use of anthropometric data than single measures to estimate body composition for populations. Here, we provide new evidence that increasing proportions of aging populations are at high health-risk according to waist circumference, but not body mass index (BMI), so continued use of BMI as the principal population-level measure substantially underestimates the health-burden from excess adiposity.
cDNA Sequence of the Human Erythroid -Spectrin: Identification of a Base Deletion in the Sequence Database (1999)

To the Editor:

The erythrocyte skeleton is a complex protein network responsible for the shape and the physical properties of red blood cells (RBCs), such as deformability and resistance to mechanical stress. Spectrin is the major constituent of this membrane skeleton and represents about 25% in
Effect of Inductively Coupled Plasma on the Structural and Electrical Properties of Ti-Doped ITO Films Formed by IPVD (2015)

In this study, we investigated Ti-doped ITO films formed through ionized physical vapor deposition (IPVD) using inductively coupled plasma (ICP). Ti-doped ITO thin films showed an enhanced mobility with ICP power; owing to the improved crystallinity, and the sheet resistance of the Ti-doped ITO (30 nm) largely decreased from 295.1 to 134.5 ohm/sq, even during at room temperature. Therefore, IPVD technology offers a useful tool for transparent electrodes with a large area window-unified touch-screen panel.
Lake Päijänne Symposium (1987)

Lake Päijänne Symposium. Jyväskylä (Finland), March 19-20, 1987. The first Symposium on Lake Päijänne was arranged during the 150th anniversary of the City of Jyväskylä and its protector was Mr. Matti Ahde, Minister for the Environment. The meeting was arranged by the Departments of Biology and Chemistry and by the Institute for Environmental Research at the University of Jyväskylä. Financial support for the arrangements was received from the Academy of Finland, University of Jyvaskyla, City of Jyväskylä, Merck Ltd., Millipore and the Savings Bank of Central Finland. About 120 persons participated in the symposium, and the program consisted of 26 lectures and 9 posters. Most of the original papers have been collected in this publication.
Surgery or Medical Therapy for Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes? (2012)

Type 2 diabetes is one of the fastest growing epidemics in human history and is closely associated with obesity.1 Furthermore, the disease has multiple manifestations and is associated with progressive beta-cell failure.2 Although lifestyle measures, including weight loss and physical activity, should be first-line treatment, success is difficult to achieve, and pharmaceutical intervention is almost always required.Because of the multiplicity of causal factors involved, it is unrealistic to expect that a patient will achieve excellent glycemic control with any single oral hypoglycemic agent or any combination of agents.3 The progressive nature of type 2 diabetes requires ongoing assessment of . . .
Solvents Effects on Charge Transfer from Quantum Dots (2015)

To predict and understand the performance of nanodevices in different environments, the influence of the solvent must be explicitly understood. In this Communication, this important but largely unexplored question is addressed through a comparison of quantum dot charge transfer processes occurring in both liquid phase and in vacuum. By comparing solution phase transient absorption spectroscopy and gas-phase photoelectron spectroscopy, we show that hexane, a common nonpolar solvent for quantum dots, has negligible influence on charge transfer dynamics. Our experimental results, supported by insights from theory, indicate that the reorganization energy of nonpolar solvents plays a minimal role in the energy landscape of charge transfer in quantum dot devices. Thus, this study demonstrates that measurements conducted in nonpolar solvents can indeed provide insight into nanodevice performance in a wide variety of environments.
Differences Between the Tolbutamide-Boosted and the Insulin-Modified Minimal Model Protocols (1997)

The insulin-modified frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test (FSIGTT) with minimal model analysis (MINMOD) was compared with the tolbutamide protocol and the glucose clamp in 35 nondiabetic subjects (age 38 +/- 2 years [mean +/- SE], BMI 27.2 +/- 0.9 kg/m2). Each subject underwent two FSIGTTs, one with tolbutamide (300 mg) and the other with insulin (0.03 U/kg) and a euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp (40 mU x m(-2) x min(-1)). Insulin sensitivity was determined from each FSIGTT with MINMOD and from the clamp. Insulin sensitivity indexes (S(I)) from the two FSIGTTs were significantly correlated (r = 0.77, P < 0.001), but S(I(insulin)) was 29 +/- 4% lower than S(I(tolbutamide)). Both S(I(insulin)) and S(I(tolbutamide)) correlated significantly with S(I(clamp)) (r = 0.70 and 0.71, P < 0.001 for each). Expressed in the same units (dl/min per pU/ml), S(I(tolbutamide)) was on average 13 +/- 6% lower than S(I(clamp)) (4.51 +/- 0.40 vs. 5.36 +/- 0.36 x 10(-2), P = 0.009), whereas S(I(insulin)) was 44 +/- 4% lower. S(G(tolbutamide)) and S(G(insulin)) were not different (1.88 +/- 0.10 vs. 2.01 +/- 0.09 x 10(-2) min(-1), P = 0.167) and were significantly correlated (r = 0.50, P = 0.002). Thus, insulin sensitivity estimates from both protocols correlate significantly with each other and with the clamp. They are quantitatively discrepant, however, possibly due to differences in the route of insulin delivery, saturation of insulin action, and/or tolbutamide-induced proinsulin release. Data obtained from these two MINMOD protocols are not directly comparable, and the same protocol must be used in any single cross-sectional or longitudinal study.
Intra-Articular Injections of Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stromal Cells vs. High Molecular Weight Hyaluronic Acid in Dogs With Osteoarthritis: Exploratory Data From a Double-Blind, Randomized, Prospective Clinical Trial (2022)

This double-blind, randomized, prospective clinical trial was conducted to obtain exploratory data comparing the efficacy of intra-articular allogeneic mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) to high molecular weight hyaluronic acid (HA) for the treatment of pain associated with canine osteoarthritis (OA). Objective gait analysis (%Body Weight Distribution, %BWD), accelerometry, clinical metrology instruments and veterinary exams were used as outcome measures during various time points throughout the 48-week study period. Fourteen dogs with elbow or coxofemoral OA were enrolled and assigned in a 2:1 ratio to the treatment groups. Each patient received a set of two injections 4 weeks apart. Self-limiting joint flare was observed in seven patients, with six of these in the MSC group. Ten patients completed all follow-up appointments. Both treatment groups showed evidence of mild improvement following the treatment, but the results were inconsistent among the various outcome measures assessed. Overall, dogs enrolled in the HA group showed greater improvement compared to the MSC group. The primary outcome measure, %BWD, showed evidence of improvement, when compared to baseline values, at 36 weeks after injection for the HA group only (<i>p</i> = 0.048, estimated difference: 4.7). Similarly, when treatment groups were compared, evidence of a difference between treatment groups (with the HA-group showing greater improvement) were identified for weeks 24 and 36 (<i>p</i> = 0.02 and 0.01, respectively). The small sample size of this exploratory study does not allow firm conclusions. However, until studies with larger sample sizes are available, the current literature combined with our data do not support the clinical use of intra-articular MSC therapy over high molecular weight HA for the treatment of canine OA at this time.
Structure—Activity Studies with Ring E Analogues of Methyllycaconitine. Synthesis and Evaluation of Enantiopure Isomers of Selective Antagonist at the α3 Nicotinic Receptor. (2002)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
TOD versus MRT when evaluating thermal imagers that exhibit dynamic performance (2003)

While it is universally recognized that image quality of a thermal sensor is a strong function of spatial uniformity, the metrics commonly used to assess performance do not adequately measure the effectiveness of non-uniformity correction (NUC). Image uniformity is generally not static, particularly if correction terms are updated intermittently (with periodic shuttering) or gradually (with scene-based NUC). Minimum Resolvable Temperature (MRT), the most prevalent test for characterizing overall imaging performance, is poorly suited for characterizing dynamic performance. The Triangle Orientation Discrimination (TOD) metric proposed by Bijl and Valeton, because of its short observation window, provides better capability for evaluating sensors that exhibit non-negligible uniformity drift. This paper compares the effectiveness of MRT and TOD for measuring dynamic performance. TOD measurements of a shutter-based thermal imager are provided immediately after shutter correction and 3 minutes later. The drift in TOD performance shows excellent correlation to drift in system noise.
Electron–ion hybrid mode due to transverse velocity shear (1988)

It has been established that electrostatic ion-cyclotron-like and Kelvin–Helmholtz modes can be sustained by a transverse velocity shear for L&amp;gt;ρi, where L is the velocity shear scale length and ρi is the ion gyroradius. Here it is shown that if ρe&amp;lt;L≪ρi, where ρe is the electron gyroradius, then a short wavelength electron–ion hybrid mode can be excited around the lower hybrid frequency. Like the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability, an explicit dependence on the second derivative of the dc electric field is essential for the growth of this mode.
Understanding Blind Screen-Reader Users’ Experiences of Digital Artboards (2021)

Two-dimensional canvases are the core components of many digital productivity and creativity tools, with “artboards” containing objects rather than pixels. Unfortunately, the contents of artboards remain largely inaccessible to blind users relying on screen-readers, but the precise problems are not well understood. This study sought to understand how blind screen-reader users interact with artboards. Specifically, we conducted contextual interviews, observations, and task-based usability studies with 15 blind participants to understand their experiences of artboards found in Microsoft PowerPoint, Apple Keynote, and Google Slides. Participants expressed that the inaccessibility of these artboards contributes to significant educational and professional barriers. We found that the key problems faced were: (1) high cognitive loads from a lack of feedback about artboard contents and object state; (2) difficulty determining relationships among artboard objects; and (3) constant uncertainty about whether object manipulations were successful. We offer design remedies that improve feedback for object state, relationships, and manipulations.
Stringency of the 2-His–1-Asp Active-Site Motif in Prolyl 4-Hydroxylase (2009)

The non-heme iron(II) dioxygenase family of enzymes contain a common 2-His-1-carboxylate iron-binding motif. These enzymes catalyze a wide variety of oxidative reactions, such as the hydroxylation of aliphatic C-H bonds. Prolyl 4-hydroxylase (P4H) is an alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent iron(II) dioxygenase that catalyzes the post-translational hydroxylation of proline residues in protocollagen strands, stabilizing the ensuing triple helix. Human P4H residues His412, Asp414, and His483 have been identified as an iron-coordinating 2-His-1-carboxylate motif. Enzymes that catalyze oxidative halogenation do so by a mechanism similar to that of P4H. These halogenases retain the active-site histidine residues, but the carboxylate ligand is replaced with a halide ion. We replaced Asp414 of P4H with alanine (to mimic the active site of a halogenase) and with glycine. These substitutions do not, however, convert P4H into a halogenase. Moreover, the hydroxylase activity of D414A P4H cannot be rescued with small molecules. In addition, rearranging the two His and one Asp residues in the active site eliminates hydroxylase activity. Our results demonstrate a high stringency for the iron-binding residues in the P4H active site. We conclude that P4H, which catalyzes an especially demanding chemical transformation, is recalcitrant to change.
Performance of 5-nm a-IGZO TFTs With Various Channel Lengths and an Etch Stopper Manufactured by Back UV Exposure (2012)

Stable and fast-switching thin-film transistors and circuits incorporating 5-nm-thick amorphous-InGaZnO (a-IGZO) active layers are demonstrated, and their dependence on channel length is studied. Turn-on voltage shifts in the positive gate voltage direction as the channel length increases. A low area density of defects in the bulk a-IGZO, which is ultrathin, results in good stability under positive bias stress, whereas interdiffusion of electrons/electron donors from the highly doped source and drain regions to the channel edges results in the dependence of turn-on voltage on channel length. Stable operation of an 11-stage ring oscillator is achieved with a propagation delay time of ~97 μs/stage due to reduced gate-to-drain overlap capacitance and parasitic resistances.
FLatt Pack: A research-focussed lattice design program (2021)

Lattice structures are an important aspect of design for additive manufacturing (DfAM). They enable significant component light-weighting and the tailoring of a wide range of physical responses; mechanical, thermal, acoustic, etc. In turn, lattice design relies on fundamental research to uncover useful structure-property relationships, such as the influence of cell geometry and volume fraction. A number of commercial computer-aided-design (CAD) programs exist that offer lattice generation, but these tend to prioritise product design. This paper describes the FLatt Pack program (or Functional Lattice Package), which was created to address the paucity of research-focussed lattice design software. It possesses a number of features with this in mind, including; (i) it is free to use for research, (ii) it is standalone software with minimal, and also free, dependencies, and (iii) it undergoes frequent and rapid development based on state of the art lattice information and modelling methods. FLatt Pack includes twenty-three lattice cell types covering a broad range of pore connectivity, structural anisotropy, and surface area; a clear GUI presenting the lattice design stages in a sequential manner; and the option to export designs in appropriate formats for AM and finite element (FE) simulation. The program also features conformal lattice generation in arbitrary shapes, arbitrary volume fraction grading, and resource-efficient computation through an adaptive spatial resolution based on the user’s design choices. The most recent version of FLatt Pack is freely available at: www.github.com/ian27ax/FLatt_Pack_dist.