gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Blast-mediated traumatic amputation: evidence for a revised, multiple injury mechanism theory (2014)

The previously reported link between TA and PBLI was not present, calling into question the significance of primary blast injury in causation of blast mediated TAs. Furthermore, the accepted mechanism of injury can't account for the significant number of through-joint TAs. The high rate of through-joint TAs with either no associated fracture or a non-contiguous fracture (74%) is supportive of pure flail as a mechanism for blast-mediated TA.
Transient in cab noise investigation on a light duty diesel passenger vehicle. (2010)

A diesel engine in cab sound quality for passenger car market is scrutinized more closely than in the mid- to heavy duty diesel truck applications. This is obviously due to the increasing expectations from the customers for gasolinelike sound quality. This paper deals with a sound quality issue recently investigated on a light duty diesel engine for a passenger van application. The objectionable noise complaint occurred during the vehicle transient operating conditions and was found to be caused by the change in the pilot quantity over a very short period of time. The root cause of the noise complaint was investigated on the noise complaint vehicle as well as simultaneously on a standalone engine in the noise test cell. Several critical combustion and performance parameters were recorded for diagnosing the issue. In addition, various standard sound quality metrics were employed to differentiate the sound quality of the objectionable noise. The issue was resolved and verified by making appropriate changes to the engine calibration without affecting key requirements such as emissions and fuel economy. Finally, the findings from the experimental tests are summarized and appropriate conclusions are drawn with respect to understanding, characterizing, and resolving this transient, combustion related impulsive powertrain interior noise issue.
Phage Display Analysis of Monoclonal Antibody Binding to Anthrax Toxin Lethal Factor (2017)

AVR1674 and AVR1675 are monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that bind with high specificity to anthrax toxin lethal factor (LF) and lethal toxin (LTx). These mAbs have been used as pivotal reagents to develop anthrax toxin detection tests using mass spectrometry. The mAbs were demonstrated to bind LF with good affinity (KD 10−7–10−9 M) and to enhance LF-mediated cleavage of synthetic peptide substrates in vitro. Sequence analysis indicated that the mAbs shared 100% amino acid identity in their complementarity determining regions (CDR). A phage display library based on a combinatorial library of random heptapeptides fused to the pIII coat protein of M13 phage was enriched and screened to identify peptide sequences with mAb binding properties. Selection and sequence analysis of 18 anti-LF-reactive phage clones identified a 7-residue (P1–P7) AVR1674/1675 consensus target binding sequence of TP1-XP2-K/RP3-DP4-D/EP5-ZP6-X/ZP7 (X = aromatic, Z = non-polar). The phage peptide sequence with highest affinity binding to AVR1674/1675 was identified as T-F-K-D-E-I-V. Synthetic oligopeptides were designed based on the phage sequences and interacted with mAbs with high affinity (KD ~ 10−9 M). Single amino acid substitutions of A, H, or Q in the peptides identified positions P1–P5 as critical residues for mAb-peptide interactions. CLUSTALW alignment of phage sequences with native LF implicated residues 644–650 (sequence T-H-Q-D-E-I-Y) as a putative linear epitope component located within a structural loop (L2) of LF Domain IV. The activation effects of these mAbs contribute to the analytic sensitivity of function-based LF detection assays.
Comparison between Weight Bearing Radiographs and Weight Bearing ConeBeam CT Examinations in the Assessment of Adult Acquired Flatfoot Deformity (2017)

Category: Hindfoot Introduction/Purpose: Adult acquired flatfoot deformity (AAFD) represents a biomechanical derangement involving the three- dimensional (3D) midfoot and hindfoot osseous complex, and can be challenging to optimally characterize using conventional two- dimensional (2D) plain radiographs. Weightbearing (WB) ConeBeam CT (CBCT) can better demonstrate the deformity of the 3D structures during WB. Therefore, we compared validated AAFD measurements between WB conventional radiographs and WB CBCT images. Methods: In this prospective, IRB approved and HIPAA compliant study, 20 patients (20 feet, 15 right and 5 left) with clinical diagnosis of flexible AAFD were included, 12 males and 8 females, with a mean age of 52.2 years (range, 20 to 88 years of age), and average BMI of 30.35 kg/m2 (range, 19.00 to 46.09 kg/m2). Involved feet underwent standing (WB) anteroposterior (AP) and lateral radiographs, and were also scanned by WB CBCTs. Both imaging modalities were assessed with traditional AAFD measurements obtained at sagittal (lateral view on radiograph) and axial (anteroposterior view on radiograph) planes using predefined anatomical landmarks, by two independent and blinded foot and ankle fellowship-trained observers. Intra- and Inter- observer reliabilities for both imaging modalities were calculated using Pearson correlation. WB radiograph and WB CBCT measurements were compared by T-Test of the means. P- values &lt; 0.05 were considered significant. Results: There was good to excellent intra and inter-observer agreements for most of the measurements on both radiographs and WB CBCT images, with slightly better results favoring WBCT measurements. When comparing WB radiographs and WB CBCT images, we found significant differences in the mean values for some of the measurements, including: talus-first metatarsal angle in the sagittal plane (11.34° x 21.73°, p&lt;0.0001), navicular-medial cuneiform angle (13.19° x 7.63°, p&lt;0.0004), medial cuneiform to floor distance (6.70 mm x 5.50 mm, p&lt;0.0003) and navicular to floor distance (31.34 mm x 23.22 mm, p&lt;0.0001). No significant differences were found when measuring: talus-first metatarsal angle in the axial plane, talar uncoverage angle, cuboid to floor distance and calcaneal inclination angle. Conclusion: Traditional adult acquired flatfoot deformity radiographic measurements are obtainable using high resolution 3D WB CBCT imaging. Measurements performed on WB CBCT have similar intra-observer and overall higher inter-observer reliability when compared to WB radiographs. The statistically significant differences found in some of the measurements, when comparing both imaging techniques, might be related to a better characterization of the three-dimensional deformity on WB CBCT images.
De Novo Design, Synthesis, and In Vitro Evaluation of a New Class of Nonpeptidic Inhibitors of the Malarial Enzyme Plasmepsin II (2002)

Pocket change: A new family of plasmepsin II inhibitors (see scheme) was developed by taking advantage of the putative flexibility of plasmepsin II and employment of a structure-based de novo design approach based on molecular recognition principles. A newly accessible hydrophobic pocket unlocked by conformational changes that occur upon bonding of adequate inhibitors was proposed. This site was targeted by nonpeptidic plasmepsin II inhibitors, which displayed single-digit micromolar activity in an enzyme assay.
Focused ion beam post-processing of optical fiber Fabry-Perot cavities for sensing applications (2014)

Focused ion beam technology is combined with chemical etching of specifically designed fibers to create Fabry-Perot interferometers. Hydrofluoric acid is used to etch special fibers and create microwires with diameters of 15 μm. These microwires are then milled with a focused ion beam to create two different structures: an indented Fabry-Perot structure and a cantilever Fabry-Perot structure that are characterized in terms of temperature. The cantilever structure is also sensitive to vibrations and is capable of measuring frequencies in the range 1 Hz - 40 kHz.
219 Developing country specific enteric methane emission factor of the South Korean dairy cattle production using the 2019 refined IPCC Tier 2 methodology (2020)

Abstract Dairy cattle farming was identified as an important source of enteric methane (CH4) emissions. In order to contribute to the improvement of the national greenhouse gas emission inventory, this work aims to develop emission factors (EF) for CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cattle in South Korea. Information on dairy cattle herd characteristics, diet and management practices specific to the Korean dairy cattle population were gathered. EF was estimated according to the 2019 refinement to the 2006 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) using the Tier 2 approach. Three animal subcategories were considered: milking cows (650 kg body weight, BW), heifers 1~2 years (473 kg BW) and growing animals &amp;lt; 1 year (167 kg BW). The estimated enteric CH4 EFs for milking cows, heifers 1~2 years, growing animal &amp;lt; 1 year, were 139, 83 and 33 kg/head/year, respectively. South Korea adopted the Tier 1 default enteric CH4 EFs for GHG inventory reporting from the North America region. Compared with the generic Tier 1 default EF of 138 kg CH4/head/year proposed by the 2019 refinement to the 2006 IPCC guidelines for high milking cows, our suggested value is quite similar (139 kg CH4/ head/year). While enteric CH4 EFs values were 23% higher and 49% lower for heifers and growing animals &amp;lt; one year than Tier 1 default EFs values, respectively. In addition, enteric CH4 EF is highly correlated with the level of milk production, feed intake and digestibility and methane conversion factor (%Ym). The outcome of this study underscores the importance of obtaining country-specific EF to estimate national enteric CH4 emissions. Thus, this work is a step forward in the revision of dairy cattle enteric CH4 EF and can further support assessment of mitigation strategies in South Korean livestock farming systems.
STRETCHABLE SUBSTRATES USING PNEUMATIC ACTUATORS FOR MONITORING MECHANICAL-STRESS-DEPENDENT CELL RESPONSE (2008)

We present a stretchable substrate integrated with pneumatic actuators, designed to be able to supply mechanical stress to live cells on a microchip. The fabricated substrate shows areal strain of 2.49~5.88% for input pressure of 5~30psi. The fibroblasts plated on the present devices are stretched for the input pressure. Therefore, we experimentally verified that the fabricated stretchable substrates are able to culture and stretch the fibroblasts, showing potential applications for monitoring the mechanical-stress-dependent cell response.
Corrosion sensing with acoustic wave devices (1987)

Corrosion of thin metal films has been monitored (real-time) both in gaseous environments and in solution using acoustic wave sensors. A surface acoustic wave (SAW) was used to monitor corrosion in gaseous environments, while a horizontally polarized shear wave (HPSW) allowed measurement in liquid environments. The devices, which have 32 ..mu..m transducer periodicity, were fabricated on ST-cut quartz substrates.
The Search for a Better Prostate Cancer Biomarker (2011)

No AccessJournal of UrologyEditorial1 Nov 2011The Search for a Better Prostate Cancer Biomarker Lisa Laskiewicz, Zhong Jiang, Dario C. Altieri, and Lucia R. Languino Lisa LaskiewiczLisa Laskiewicz More articles by this author , Zhong JiangZhong Jiang More articles by this author , Dario C. AltieriDario C. Altieri More articles by this author , and Lucia R. LanguinoLucia R. Languino More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2011.08.019AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "The Search for a Better Prostate Cancer Biomarker." The Journal of Urology, 186(5), pp. 1758–1759 References 1 : Prevalence of prostate cancer among men with a prostate-specific antigen level < or = 4.0 ng per milliliter. N Engl J Med2004; 350: 2239. Google Scholar 2 : Biomarkers for prostate cancer. Annu Rev Med2009; 60: 139. Google Scholar 3 : Blood and tissue biomarkers in prostate cancer: state of the art. Urol Clin North Am2010; 37: 131. Google Scholar 4 : Targeted therapy of cancer: new roles for pathologists–prostate cancer. Mod Pathol2008; 21: S44. Google Scholar 5 : P504S: a new molecular marker for the detection of prostate carcinoma. Am J Surg Pathol2001; 25: 1397. Google Scholar 6 : Autoantibody signatures in prostate cancer. N Engl J Med2005; 353: 1224. Google Scholar 7 : Cytokine disbalance in common human cancers. Biochim Biophys Acta2011; 1813: 308. Google Scholar 8 : Constitutive activation of gp130 leads to neuroendocrine differentiation in vitro and in vivo. Prostate2005; 62: 282. Google Scholar Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MassachusettsProstate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaProstate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Department of Cancer Biology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania© 2011 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 186Issue 5November 2011Page: 1758-1759 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2011 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Lisa Laskiewicz More articles by this author Zhong Jiang More articles by this author Dario C. Altieri More articles by this author Lucia R. Languino More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
0.2 cc HBT power amplifier module with 40% power-added efficiency for 1.95 GHz wide-band CDMA cellular phones (2003)

This paper is the first to report a high efficiency 0.2 cc power amplifier module for Wide-band CDMA (W-CDMA) cellular phones. The module achieves power-added efficiency (PAE) of 40% and adjacent channel leakage power (ACP) of -40.8 dBc at an output power level of 28 dBm with 4.096 MHz QPSK modulation.
A 4-state asymmetric 8-PSK TCM scheme for Rayleigh fading channels (2002)

We use an asymmetric 8-PSK signal set in a 4-state rate 2/3 TCM scheme to show performance gain over TCM schemes with symmetric constellations. Simulation performed over the Rayleigh fading channel is reported.
Occurrence Regularity of Silt–Clay Minerals in Wind Eroded Deserts of Northwest China (2021)

Wind erosion desertification is the most serious type of land degradation in Northwest China, so it is an important task for ecological management in the region. As the core of ecological management, soil quality is mainly affected by the presence of silt–clay content. Therefore, the grasp of its occurrence regularity is the key to controlling wind erosion desertification. At present, research on silt–clay contents is mainly independent in each local area and lacks integrity, which makes it difficult to meet the overall evaluation and planning requirements. To this end, this paper reviewed the related studies on the occurrence and control of wind erosion desertification in recent years and collected nearly 300 relevant silt–clay content data points. We studied the occurrence regularity of silt–clay content during the occurrence and treatment of wind erosion desertification and revealed the mechanism of silt–clay content in different processes. On this basis, the degree of wind erosion desertification in the major areas of Northwest China in the last five years was evaluated by calculations based on soil typing theory, and the fractal dimension interval (2.41–2.53) for the critical discrimination of desertification in these areas was obtained. The results showed that there were obvious distribution intervals of silt–clay content for different degrees of wind erosion desertification. Qualitative changes in soil quality during degradation ranged from light to moderate wind erosion desertification. The occurrence and control of wind erosion desertification were largely affected by the processes of silt–clay particles loss and aggregation. Among the three main treatment measures, biological measures enhanced silt–clay content most significantly. In this study, the occurrence regularity of silt–clay minerals in wind erosion desertification in Northwest China was revealed as a whole. This study provided a preliminary overall judgement of the dynamic evolution of wind erosion desertification, which provided a reference for the overall evaluation and global governance planning of wind erosion desertification in Northwest China.
Hemodynamic characterization of calcified stenotic human aortic valves before and after treatment with a novel aortic valve repair system. (2004)

Repair of stenotic calcified aortic valves using surgical and chemical debridement showed that removal of calcific deposits was directly associated with improvements in valve hemodynamic function. The level of improvement was proportional to the degree of aortic valve stenosis, to the use of surgical debridement, and to the duration of chemical debridement treatment. The study results suggested that aortic valve repair warrants further investigation as an alternative to current valve treatments in patients with early to mid-stage calcific aortic valve disease.
High-Light Yield Bismuth-Loaded Plastic Scintillators (2021)

Plastic-based scintillator detectors have many advantages over inorganic scintillators, including mechanical ruggedness and cost. However, their range of application has generally been limited by their lack of gamma spectroscopic performance. We have been developing metal-organic doped plastic scintillators which allow for spectroscopy while maintaining the advantages of plastics. These scintillators allow for the use of plastics in many new application spaces. Using iridium based fluors, bismuth loaded plastics have demonstrated high light yields of &gt;20,000 photons/MeV and good energy resolution (&lt;12% FWHM at 662keV) in modest sizes. We are working on scaling up these scintillators to larger sizes for use in radio-isotope identification (RIID) type application. This work was supported by the US DOE Office of NNSA NA-22 DNN Program and was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344.
Aromatic polyimides from m‐phenylene diamines containing pendant groups: Synthesis and characterization (2005)

Abstract Two diamine monomers, 4‐[4‐(1‐methyl‐1‐phenylethyl)phenoxy]‐1,3‐diamino benzene and 4‐{4‐[(4‐methylphenyl)sulfonyl]phenoxy}‐1,3‐diamino benzene, were synthesized, and both diamines were polycondensed with three commercial dianhydrides to obtain aromatic polyimides containing pendant groups. The polyimides were characterized by solubility tests, viscosity measurements, IR, 1 H‐NMR, and 13 C‐NMR spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction studies, and thermogravimetric analysis. The polyimides had inherent viscosities of 0.33–0.58 dL/g in m ‐cresol at 30 ± 0.1°C. All the polyimides were amorphous and were soluble in solvents such as N,N ‐dimethylacetamide, N ‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone, N,N ‐dimethylformamide, and m ‐cresol. Thermogravimetric analysis of the polyimides indicated no weight loss below 410°C under a nitrogen atmosphere. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 1377–1384, 2005
Titelbild: Proteolytic Actuation of Nanoparticle Self‐Assembly (Angew. Chem. 19/2006) (2006)

Durch Proteasen ausgelöste Nanopartikelselbstorganisation diente zum Aufbau multimerer Assoziate mit neuen Eigenschaften. In ihrer Zuschrift auf S. 3233 ff. zeigen S. N. Bhatia et al., dass das Binden komplementärer Fe 3 O 4 ‐Nanopartikel durch das Anbinden von Polymeren inhibiert wird. Das Nanopartikel bleibt in seinem “Ruhezustand”, bis eine Protease seine Selbstorganisation auslöst.
Overlay error investigation for metal containing resist (MCR) (2019)

Metal containing resists (MCR) are one of the candidates for Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) resists aiming to achieve the resolution, linewidth roughness and sensitivity (RLS) requirements of advanced design nodes. MCRs intrinsically have high etch resistance owing to their metal content. Therefore, low resist thickness (~18nm) is sufficient to transfer resist patterns into an underlying hard mask. Also, the thin resist reduces susceptibility to pattern collapse during development because of low aspect ratio. However, thus far little attention has been paid to optical metrology and inspectability (overlay, defect inspection, scatterometry, etc.) of these resists, which is another critical requirement to move MCR toward high volume manufacturing (HVM). In this paper, we investigate overlay metrology and overlay correction with MCR. Even though the optical contrast for MCR is slightly lower than for chemically amplified resist (CAR) it seemed sufficient for high-quality overlay metrology. However, the measurement precision for MCR is deteriorated compared to that for CAR, resulting in significantly higher residuals. The root cause of the deteriorated measurement precision was found in grains in the optical image after MCR development. Interestingly, the after etch performance of CAR and MCR is identical. We demonstrate that with sufficient sampling, appropriate correctables can be extracted from the MCR overlay results. Finally, we discuss how the increased image noise can be compensated by the applied sampling scheme.
Tandem Duplication PCR (2013)

Internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutations of the FLT3 gene have been associated with a poor prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia. Detection of ITD-positive minor clones at the initial diagnosis and during the minimal residual disease stage may be essential. We previously designed a delta-PCR strategy to improve the sensitivity to 0.1% ITD-positive leukemia cells and showed that minor mutants with an allele burden of <1% can be clinically significant. In this study, we report on tandem duplication PCR (TD-PCR), a modified inverse PCR assay, and demonstrate a limit of detection of a few molecules of ITD mutants. The TD-PCR was initially designed to confirm ITD mutation of an amplicon, which was undetectable by capillary electrophoresis and was incidentally isolated by a molecular fraction collecting tool. Subsequently, TD-PCR detected ITD mutation in 2 of 77 patients previously reported as negative for ITD mutation by a standard PCR assay. TD-PCR can also potentially be applied to monitor minimal residual disease with high analytic sensitivity in a portion of ITD-positive acute myeloid leukemia patients. Further studies using TD-PCR to detect ITD mutants at diagnosis may clarify the clinical significance of those ITD mutants with extremely low allele burden.
Measurement of distributions sensitive to the underlying event in inclusive Z boson production in pp collisions at s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector (2019)

Abstract: This paper presents measurements of charged-particle distributions sensitive to the properties of the underlying event in events containing a Z boson decaying into a muon pair. The data were obtained using the ATLAS detector at the LHC in proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 Te with an integrated luminosity of 3.2fb-1. Distributions of the charged-particle multiplicity and of the charged-particle transverse momentum are measured in regions of the azimuth defined relative to the Z boson direction. The measured distributions are compared with the predictions of various Monte Carlo generators which implement different underyling event models. The Monte Carlo model predictions qualitatively describe the data well, but with some significant discrepancies.