gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Structure and Organization of Lamprin Genes: Multiple-Copy Genes with Alternative Splicing and Convergent Evolution with Insect Structural Proteins (2000)

Lamprin is a unique structural protein which forms the extracellular matrix of several cartilaginous structures found in the lamprey. Lamprin is noncollagenous in nature but shows sequence similarities to elastins and to insect structural proteins. Here, we characterize the structure and organization of lamprin genes, demonstrating the presence of multiple similar but not identical copies of the lamprin gene in the genome of the lamprey. In at least one species of lamprey, Lampetra richardsoni, the multiple gene copies are arranged in tandem in the genome in a head-to-tail orientation. Lamprin genes from Petromyzon marinus contain either seven or eight exons, with exon 4 being alternatively spliced in all genes, resulting in a total of six different lamprin transcripts. All exon junctions are of class 1,1. An unusual feature of the lamprin gene structure is the distribution of the 3' untranslated region sequence among multiple exons. A TATA box and cap sequence have been identified in upstream sequences in close proximity to the transcription start site, but no CAAT box could be identified. Sequence and gene structure comparisons between lamprins, elastins, and insect structural proteins suggest that the regions of sequence similarity are the result of a process of convergent evolution.
Periodic and traveling current-density distributions in high-voltage diodes caused by avalanche injection (2005)

Fast switching of high-voltage diodes from the forward-conducting state to the blocking state may result in avalanche injection at diode voltages far below the static breakdown voltage, when the concentration of free charge carriers in the space charge region exceeds the doping concentration. Under such conditions, the current-density may become non-uniform. Our numerical investigations on 3.3-kV and 13-kV diodes show that-depending on the turn-off conditions-diverse current-density patterns may arise. Two completely different types of periodic current-density distributions that may appear in high-power diodes during the reverse recovery period are investigated in detail by means of numerical calculations. Furthermore, the influence of the charge carrier lifetime and thermal effects on the evolution of the current-density patterns emerging from the periodic current-density distribution is discussed.
The Image Local Autoregressive Transformer (2021)

Recently, AutoRegressive (AR) models for the whole image generation empowered by transformers have achieved comparable or even better performance to Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). Unfortunately, directly applying such AR models to edit/change local image regions, may suffer from the problems of missing global information, slow inference speed, and information leakage of local guidance. To address these limitations, we propose a novel model -- image Local Autoregressive Transformer (iLAT), to better facilitate the locally guided image synthesis. Our iLAT learns the novel local discrete representations, by the newly proposed local autoregressive (LA) transformer of the attention mask and convolution mechanism. Thus iLAT can efficiently synthesize the local image regions by key guidance information. Our iLAT is evaluated on various locally guided image syntheses, such as pose-guided person image synthesis and face editing. Both the quantitative and qualitative results show the efficacy of our model.
Abnormal proximal tubule apical membrane protein composition in X-linked hypophosphatemic mice (1991)

The hypophosphatemic (Hyp) mouse is characterized by an isolated X-linked defect in proximal tubular phosphate (Pi) reabsorption associated with a decreased maximum velocity (Vmax) and a normal affinity (Km). To directly investigate the underlying cellular defect proximal tubular brush-border membranes (BBM) from normal control (Con) and Hyp male littermates were examined for differences in cholesterol content, total and individual phospholipid composition, phospholipid incorporation rates, membrane fluidity, and by two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide protein electrophoresis. The cholesterol content, total and individual phospholipid profiles, phospholipid incorporation rates, and membrane fluidity of Con and Hyp BBM samples were comparable. However, the two-dimensional gel electrophoreses of Con and Hyp BBM proteins, run simultaneously under identical conditions, revealed a protein with an apparent abnormal isoelectric migration pattern in Hyp BBM samples. This protein had an apparent molecular weight 56,000 and an apparent pI of 7.2 and was consistently evident on Hyp gels (n = 3) but not on Con gels (n = 3). The appearance of this protein band was associated with a diminution in staining of a control protein of comparable apparent molecular weight but markedly lower apparent pI.
P-CPICH power and antenna tilt optimization in UMTS networks (2005)

Pilot power optimization in UMTS networks is a crucial engineering issue which has been receiving increasing interest. It has been shown that the optimization approach to assigning the P-CPICH (primary common pilot channel) power levels facilitates coverage control and improves significantly radio resource utilization in UMTS networks. Combined with optimization of radio base station antenna tilt, this becomes a powerful tool that allows the total interference level in the network to be significantly reduced and the network capacity to be very efficiently improved. The paper addresses the pilot power and antenna tilt optimization problem and presents an efficient algorithm that optimizes the antenna downtilt setting in the network such that the total P-CPICH power is minimized. A case study has been done for a network scenario based on real data for the city of Lisbon. The numerical results demonstrate that the optimized antenna tilting can give a reduction of up to 50% in the optimal pilot power levels.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterocycles Derived from 2‐Amino‐5‐(6‐(dibenzothien‐4‐yl)‐4,5‐ dihydropyridazin‐3‐yloxymethyl)‐1,3,4‐thiadiazole. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Environmentally activated tunneling events in a hybrid single-electron box (2010)

We have measured individual tunneling events and Coulomb step shapes in single-electron boxes with opaque superconductor--normal metal tunnel junctions. We observe anomalous broadening of the Coulomb step with decreasing temperature in a manner that is consistent with activation of first-order tunneling events by an external dissipative electromagnetic environment. We demonstrate that the rates for energetically unfavorable tunneling events saturate to finite values at low temperatures, and that the saturation level can be suppressed by more than an order of magnitude by a capacitive shunt near the device. The findings are important in assessing the performance limits of any single-electronic device. In particular, master-equation-based simulations show that the electromagnetic environment realized in the capacitively shunted devices allows for a metrologically accurate charge pump based on hybrid tunnel junctions.
A Fast MB Mode Decision Algorithm for MPEG-2 to H.264 P-Frame Transcoding (2008)

The H.264 standard achieves much higher coding efficiency than the MPEG-2 standard, due to its improved inter-and intra-prediction modes at the expense of higher computational complexity. Transcoding MPEG-2 video to H.264 is important to enable gradual migration to H.264. However, given the significant differences between the MPEG-2 and the H.264 coding algorithms, transcoding is a much more complex task and new approaches to transcoding are necessary. The main problems that need to be addressed in the design of an efficient heterogeneous MPEG-2/H.264 transcoder are: the inter-frame prediction, the transform coding and the intra-frame prediction. In this paper, we focus our attention on the inter-frame prediction, the most computationally intensive task involved in the transcoding process. This paper presents a novel macroblock (MB) mode decision algorithm for P-frame prediction based on machine learning techniques to be used as part of a very low complexity MPEG-2 to H.264 video transcoder. Since coding mode decisions take up the most resources in video transcoding, a fast MB mode estimation would lead to reduced complexity. The proposed approach is based on the hypothesis that MB coding mode decisions in H.264 video have a correlation with the distribution of the motion compensated residual in MPEG-2 video. We use machine learning tools to exploit the correlation and construct decision trees to classify the incoming MPEG-2 MBs into one of the several coding modes in H.264. The proposed approach reduces the H.264 MB mode computation process into a decision tree lookup with very low complexity. Experimental results show that the proposed approach reduces the MB mode selection complexity by as much as 95% while maintaining the coding efficiency. Finally, we conduct a comparative study with some of the most prominent fast inter-prediction methods for H.264 presented in the literature. Our results show that the proposed approach achieves the best results for video transcoding applications.
The Selective JAK1/3-Inhibitor R507 Mitigates Obliterative Airway Disease Both With Systemic Administration and Aerosol Inhalation (2016)

The Janus kinase 1/3 inhibitor R507 is a very well-tolerated immunosuppressant that similarly diminished obliterative airway disease with systemic or inhaled administration.
ChemInform Abstract: Lewis Acid Catalyzed Borotropic Shifts in the Design of Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective γ‐Additions of Allylboron Moieties to Aldimines. (2016)

Abstract The products contain small amounts of the α‐addition compounds.
CTH17-6: A Broadcasting Relay for Orthogonal Multiuser Channels (2006)

This paper introduces broadcasting relay nodes for orthogonal multiuser channels. The underlying idea is that a single relay node is shared by multiple source-destination pairs. In this scheme, the relay node receives the messages of multiple independent sources, and broadcasts a single superimposed signal to multiple destinations. Compared to dedicated relay scenarios, large gains in capacity region and outage capacity is possible with the shared relay scenario. We consider the special case of two pairs, and examine discrete memoryless channels and Gaussian channels assuming degradedness for the relay channels and physically degradedness for the broadcast channel. Upper bounds on capacity are obtained and shown to be achievable. The analysis is also extended to Rayleigh fading channels, where outage regions are investigated.
Data from Toll-like Receptor Agonist Imiquimod Facilitates Antigen-Specific CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cell Accumulation in the Genital Tract Leading to Tumor Control through IFNγ (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Imiquimod is a Toll-like receptor 7 agonist used topically to treat external genital warts and basal cell carcinoma. We examined the combination of topical imiquimod with intramuscular administration of CRT/E7, a therapeutic human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine comprised of a naked DNA vector expressing calreticulin fused to HPV16 E7.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; Using an orthotopic HPV16 E6/E7&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; syngeneic tumor, TC-1, as a model of high-grade cervical/vaginal/vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia, we assessed if combining CRT/E7 vaccination with cervicovaginal deposition of imiquimod could result in synergistic activities promoting immune-mediated tumor clearance.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Imiquimod induced cervicovaginal accumulation of activated E7-specific CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T cells elicited by CRT/E7 vaccination. Recruitment was not dependent upon the specificity of the activated CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T cells, but was significantly reduced in mice lacking the IFNγ receptor. Intravaginal imiquimod deposition induced upregulation of CXCL9 and CXCL10 mRNA expression in the genital tract, which are produced in response to IFNγ receptor signaling and attract cells expressing their ligand, CXCR3. The T cells attracted by imiquimod to the cervicovaginal tract expressed CXCR3 as well as CD49a, an integrin involved in homing and retention of CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T cells at mucosal sites. Our results indicate that intramuscular CRT/E7 vaccination in conjunction with intravaginal imiquimod deposition recruits antigen-specific CXCR3&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T cells to the genital tract.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Several therapeutic HPV vaccination clinical trials using a spectrum of DNA vaccines, including vaccination in concert with cervical imiquimod, are ongoing. Our study identifies a mechanism by which these strategies could provide therapeutic benefit. Our findings support accumulating evidence that manipulation of the tumor microenvironment can enhance the therapeutic efficacy of strategies that induce tumor-specific T cells. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 20(21); 5456–67. ©2014 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Fluorinated Polymer Claddings for Optical Fibers (2001)

The standard process to coat glass optical fibers with polymers consists of applying a liquid coating with a die and UV-curing it. It is not straightforward to employ this procedure with low-index fluorinated coatings because of their very low viscosity. This work shows that the viscosity of fluorinated diacrylates can be increased by two orders of magnitude by controlled crosslinking with a tetrafunctional silane. The resulting material has a viscosity that is high enough for a fiber coating operation. Photocured coatings with very low refractive index (1.323) have been obtained and employed as claddings for glass optical fibers. Losses as low as 3 dB/km were measured on these fibers.
Das Gallensäure-Phospholipid-Konjugat Ursodeoxycholyl-Lysophosphatidylethanolamid (UDCA-LPE) vermindert die LPS-vermittelte Inflammation in der Leber (2012)

Einleitung: LPS von Darmbakterien aktiviert die TLR4-vermittelte angeborene Immunantwort der Leber und trägt zur Entwicklung verschiedener inflammatorischer Lebererkrankungen bei. Das Konjugat Ursodeoxycholyl-Lysophosphatidylethanolamid (UDCA-LPE) zeigte in verschiedenen NASH Maus- und Zellkulturmodellen hepatoprotektive Funktionen. Ziel der aktuellen Arbeit war es die entzündungshemmenden Eigenschaften von UDCA-LPE in der Leber näher zu untersuchen.
Multichannel pressure, bolus transit, and pH esophageal catheter (2006)

Esophageal motility disorders are diagnosed by monitoring pressure, pH, and bolus transit in the lumen of the organ. However, an integrated multichannel esophageal catheter capable of monitoring all these phenomena in a single clinical test is still lacking. The present work proposes innovative techniques and methods to develop a multichannel integrated esophageal catheter. A novel optical pressure sensor for lower esophageal sphincter location and pressure monitoring is proposed. Proper selection of frequencies and electrode arrangement allows impedance-based monitoring of pH and bolus transit. Moreover, due to the small size of the proposed impedance electrode configuration, monitoring channels can be located at 3-mm intervals, improving the longitudinal resolution of the catheter. Therefore, impedance-based pH level monitoring is now feasible. The proposed optical method for pressure monitoring was evaluated by applying pressure around the designed sensor. Obtained images showed good correlation with applied pressures. A model of the esophagus that mimics esophageal motility was utilized to test the proposed catheter. Repeatability of the impedance measurements related to pH was evaluated. The obtained results satisfied the requirements of the DeMeester and Johnson scoring system for esophageal pH measurements. Gastro-esophageal reflux was simulated in the test model and successfully measured with a spatial resolution of 3-mm. Bolus transit was also simulated and successfully identified. All experimental results demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed design. This innovative catheter overcomes many of the disadvantages of the conventional techniques for esophageal testing, but clinical trials are necessary to verify the validity of the laboratory results
Supplementary Figure 1 from GSK-3β Governs Inflammation-Induced NFATc2 Signaling Hubs to Promote Pancreatic Cancer Progression (2023)

&lt;p&gt;In vivo and in vitro functional studies upon genetic and pharmacological GSK-3Î² inhibition&lt;/p&gt;
Aminoacyl-tRNA Exclusively in the 3′-Isomeric Form Is Bound to Polypeptide Chain Elongation Factor Tu1 (1985)

2' and 3'-O-(N-acetyl-L-phenylalanyl)adenosine (Ac-Phe-Ado) were chemically synthesized. These two isomers were clearly separated from each other by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). From the two isomers of [3H]Phe-tRNA in equilibrium, Ac-[3H]Phe-Ado was prepared, without any change in the 2'/3'-isomer ratio, by acetylation of the phenylalanyl residue with acetic anhydride followed by digestion with pancreatic RNase A. By HPLC analysis of this preparation of Ac-[3H]Phe-Ado, the abundance ratio of the 2'-isomer and the 3'-isomer of [3H]Phe-tRNA was found to be 0.20:0.80. Further, [3H]Phe-tRNA was bound to Escherichia coli polypeptide chain elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu) with the ligand of GTP or guanosine 5'-[beta, gamma-imido]triphosphate (GMP-P(NH)P). The ternary complex was treated with phenol and acetic anhydride, and then digested with pancreatic RNase A. By HPLC analysis of Ac-[3H]Phe-Ado, the abundance ratio of the 2'-isomer and the 3'-isomer of [3H]Phe-tRNA was determined to be 0.07:0.93 in the complex with EF-Tu.GTP and 0.04:0.96 in the complex with EF-Tu.GMP-P(NH)P. These results clearly indicate that the 3'-isomer, rather than the 2'-isomer, of aminoacyl-tRNA is exclusively involved in the ternary complex.
Supplementary Figures from Somatic Superenhancer Duplications and Hotspot Mutations Lead to Oncogenic Activation of the KLF5 Transcription Factor (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure S1. Super-enhancers near the KLF5 gene are focally amplified in cancer cell lines;Figure S2. The regulatory potential of the KLF5/KLF12 intervening region;Figure S3. Expression level of KLF12, DIS3 and PIBF1 after repression of KLF5 superenhancers;Figure S4. Genomic analysis of KLF5 binding sites in BICR31 cells;Figure S5. Target genes of KLF5 in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas;Figure S6. The effect of KLF5 silencing on H3K27ac profile;Figure S7. Mutation hotspots in KLF5;Figure S8. Mutation profile in FBXW7 in colorectal cancers; Figure S9. Ectopic expression of KLF5 mutants in HEK293T cells; Figure S10. Ectopic expression of KLF5 E419Q in HCC95 cells&lt;/p&gt;
Magnetic prestressing for a d32-mode single crystal ultrasonic transducer (2023)

This work describes a 35.9 kHz ultrasonic transducer that incorporates a magnetic arrangement to apply a static-compressive prestress to a d<sub>32</sub>-mode relaxor ferroelectric single crystal drive-element. The magnetic arrangement produces a 22.5 N static-compressive force, inducing a static compression of ∼630 nm on the drive-element. Operating in air with a continuous-wave 10 V peak drive at ∼35.9 kHz, the measured resonant peak displacement of the transducers head-mass was 127 nm. This is well within the predicted static compression, thus, the drive-element is protected from damaging tensile stress. Under the same drive conditions and at an axial distance of 10 mm from the face of the head-mass, the measured acoustic pressure was ∼12 Pa. Analytical and finite element model predictions and the measured behaviour of a prototype device are presented and show good correlation, demonstrating that magnetic prestressing of the drive-element can be a viable alternative to the traditional bolt-clamp.
Mitochondria-Targeted Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles for Selective Growth Inhibition of Lung Cancer in Vitro and in Vivo (2016)

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Most patients have metastases at the time of diagnosis, thus demanding development of more effective and specific agents. In this study, the specific anticancer effect of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HAPNs) to human lung cancer cells (A549) and the underlying mechanisms were investigated, using normal bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE) as the control. Rod-shaped HAPNs (∼10 nm in width and 50 nm in length) were prepared by aqueous precipitation method. Without any further functionalization and drug loading, HAPNs selectively inhibited cancer-cell proliferation. Their efficient mitochondrial targeting correlated strongly with decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and induction of mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in A549 cells. Caveolae-mediated endocytosis via lysosome trafficking was observed to be a prominent internalization pathway for HAPNs in both A549 and 16HBE cells. However, more nanoparticles were taken up into A549 cells. HAPNs triggered a sustained elevation of intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>i</sub>) in cancer cells but only a transitory increase in normal control cells. In a nude mouse lung cancer model with xenotransplanted A549 cells, HAPN treatment demonstrated nearly 40% tumor growth inhibition without apparent side effect. These results demonstrated that the enhanced cellular uptake and mitochondrial targeting of HAPNs, together with the prolonged elevation of [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>i</sub> in A549 cells, could result in the cancer-specific cytotoxicity of HAPNs. Thus, HAPNs might be a promising agent or mitochondria-targeted delivery system for effective lung cancer therapy.
Effect of Local Alignment on Compartmental Patterns of Knee Osteoarthritis (2008)

In patients with early symptomatic knee osteoarthritis, there is a clear relationship between local knee alignment, as determined from short standing knee radiographs, and the compartmental pattern and severity of the knee osteoarthritis. This study provides data with which physicians can assess how knee alignment contributes to the observed patterns and severity of osteoarthritis in an individual patient.
Detection of pilot contamination attack using random training and massive MIMO (2013)

Channel estimation attacks can degrade the performance of the legitimate system and facilitate eavesdropping. It is known that pilot contamination can alter the legitimate transmit precoder design and strengthen the quality of the received signal at the eavesdropper, without being detected. In this paper, we devise a technique which employs random pilots chosen from a known set of phase-shift keying (PSK) symbols to detect pilot contamination. The scheme only requires two training periods without any prior channel knowledge. Our analysis demonstrates that using the proposed technique in a massive MIMO system, the detection probability of pilot contamination attacks can be made arbitrarily close to 1. Simulation results reveal that the proposed technique can significantly increase the detection probability and is robust to noise power as well as the eavesdropper's power.
Differential Actions of Vasopeptidase Inhibition Versus Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition on Diuretic Therapy in Experimental Congestive Heart Failure (2002)

Acute administration of OMA with or without diuretic results in more favorable cardiorenal and humoral responses in experimental congestive heart failure than does ACEI+D. There is no acute activation of renin and aldosterone with OMA alone such as occurs with ACEI+D and OMA+D. Thus, OMA with or without a diuretic possesses beneficial cardiorenal and humoral actions comparable to those observed with ACEI+D that can be explained by potentiation of natriuretic peptides.