gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
067 Rapamycin Suppresses NADPH Oxidase-mediated Reactive Oxygen Species Production and Reverses Erectile Dysfunction in Western Diet-fed Mice (2019)

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a nutrient-sensitive cellular signaling kinase that has been shown to be activated by high-fat and/or high-sugar feeding in highly metabolic tissues such as adipose tissue, liver, and skeletal muscle. mTOR activation has been implicated in the excess production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) resulting from overnutrition, which has been associated with activation of NADPH oxidase (Nox) as a source of excess ROS production. A Western style high-fat, high-sugar diet has recently been used to induce erectile dysfunction (ED) in rodents, in which elevated Nox has been implicated in ED pathogenesis. The objective of this study was to determine if mTOR is an upstream activator of Nox in the penis in response to the Western diet (WD) and to determine if this pathway is relevant in WD-induced ED. Young male C57Bl/6J mice (n = 90) were fed a control diet (CD) or WD ad libitum for 12 weeks. For the final four weeks of the dietary intervention, mice were intraperitoneally injected with either vehicle or the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin (Group 1: 1 mg/kg; Group 2: 2 mg/kg) three days/week. Following the intervention, erectile function was assessed by measuring intracavernosal pressure (ICP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) during cavernous nerve stimulation. In separate mice following the same intervention, in vivo ROS production was measured in the penis utilizing a microdialysis approach. Microdialysis probes were inserted into the penis of anesthetized mice and perfused with saline containing 100 μM Amplex Ultrared, 1 U/ml horseradish peroxidase, and 10 U/ml superoxide dismutase. ROS convert the reagents to a fluorescent byproduct resorufin, which was measured in the outflowing dialysate. Three replicate samples were collected, after which 300 μM apocynin, a Nox inhibitor, was added to the perfusate, and additional samples were collected. Nox-mediated ROS were determined by calculation of the ROS that was inhibited by apocynin. Significant differences between groups were determined by two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons post-hoc analysis, with an alpha level of 0.05.
Quantifying observability for in-system debug of high-level synthesis circuits (2016)

In recent years high-level synthesis (HLS) has seen considerable attention as it promises to increase designer productivity and make custom hardware implementation accessible to software developers. A challenge facing those developing HLS technologies is how to allow users to understand, debug and optimize their final hardware systems. Recently, several techniques have been developed to provide in-system debugging capabilities for HLS circuits. These techniques instrument the user's design with some debugging circuitry to provide observability into the circuit during execution. Due to resource constraints, it is usually infeasible to view all variable values for the entire circuit execution. Rather, instrumentation usually captures only some variable values and for only a portion of the circuit execution. In this paper we present a metric for measuring the observability into an executing HLS circuit. This metric reflects the portion of variable accesses that are available to the user, the duration of execution for which these values are available, as well as accommodating variations in importance between source code variables. This metric can be used to understand how different circuit observation networks can provide the user with different levels of observability into the HLS circuit execution. As a demonstration of the applicability of the metric, we first study differences between recent debugging approaches for HLS circuits, and quantify the level of observability provided by such architectures. We then explore different schemes to select which variables are accessible in the observation network, and measure impact on variable availability and length of captured execution trace.
Endometrial Carcinoma in a 26‐Year‐Old Patient with Bardet‐Biedl Syndrome (2018)

This is one of only a few reports in the literature describing the association of BBS and endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma. Given the association of BBS with risk factors for hyperestrogenism such as truncal obesity, hyperinsulinemia, and ovulatory dysfunction, providers should have increased suspicion for endometrial cancer in young patients with BBS and abnormal uterine bleeding.
Proximity ligation assay detects HER2 homodimers in human breast cancer (2008)

3514 The EGF/HER receptor family include four members: EGFR/HER1, HER2, HER3 and HER4. Expression of these proteins is linked to breast cancer development and progression. HER1-3 are associated with a poor prognosis. HER2 gene amplification is found in 20-30% of breast cancers. Overexpression of HER2 via gene amplification has been linked with high grade tumours and poor prognosis. Debate continues as to the mechanism by which HER2 overexpression initiates intracellular signalling. Despite in vitro evidence that HER2 homodimerisation, and subsequent activation, is driven by simple overexpression in vivo evidence for this effect is lacking. In this study we validated in situ proximity ligation assays (PLA) to detect HER2 homo- and hetero-dimerisation following gene amplification.  PLAs detect homo- and heterodimers in situ at a single-molecule level and allow study of signalling pathways. Paired antibodies are used to detect protein complexes in situ in tissues and can be used to assay homo/heterodimerisation, protein-protein interactions, including interactions between kinases and target proteins. The solid-phase in situ method can demonstrate interactions between proteins directly in normal cells and tissues without them being overexpressed or mutated.  Using a HER2/HER2 in situ PLA we have detected in vivo expression of HER2 homodimers in a series of human breast cancers. Human breast carcinomas from a cohort of 100 patients were analysed for the presence of HER2 amplification by FISH and HER2 homodimerisation by PLA.  Both amplified and non-amplified cases of breast carcinoma showed detectable levels of HER2 homodimers. HER2 gene amplification was associated with a marked and significant increase in HER2 homodimerisation detected by PLA (Mann-Whitney analysis, p
Restricted Spinal Anaesthesia for Ambulatory Surgery: A Pilot Study (2000)

KUUSNIEMI, K. S.; PIHLAJAMÄKI, K. K.; IRJALA, J. K.; JAAKKOLA, P. W.; PITKÄNEN, M. T.; KORKEILA, J. E. Author Information
Impedance Model for Position Estimation of Active Magnetic Bearings with a Self Sensing Approach (2014)

This paper deals with self sensing Active Magnetic Bearings (AMB). By opposition to conventional AMB which require an additional sensor, self sensing bearings directly integrate the sensing function. In this approach, the position of the levitated object is estimated by measuring the bearing coil current. It allows the reduction of system failures, cost and complexity. The general principle of self sensing is to superpose to the power current aimed to maintain the rotor position a high frequency and low amplitude waveform, the position being retrieved by the coil’s impedance for this high frequency signal. The relationship between this high frequency impedance and the position of rotor it is not always obvious because the iron saturation level and consequently also the coil’s impedance value depend strongly on the power current. In this article, an original approach is proposed to model the high frequency impedance taking into account the saturation induced by the power current. This model is successfully validated by comparisons with experimental data measured on an unidirectional setup.
On the coexistence of human-driven and automated vehicles within platoon systems (2019)

This paper studies platoon systems consisting of a mixture of fully automated and human-driven vehicles, modeled via the vehicle-following model. Automated vehicles can transition between manual and automated modes. We present a sufficient condition for L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">∞</sub> input-state stability of these systems. Our result is practically discussed and the effectiveness of the condition is illustrated via numerical examples.
Protection des données biométriques pour le respect de la vie privée (2013)

42 REE N°4/2013 LA PROTECTION DE L'ACCES AUX DONNEES Julien Bringer1 , Herve Chabanne1,2 , Alain Patey1,2 Identity and Security Alliance (The Morpho and Telecom ParisTech Research Center), Morpho1 , Telecom ParisTech2 Introduction Traditionnellement, on considere trois facteurs possibles d’authentiﬁcation pour un etre humain : Nous nous focalisons ici sur le troisieme facteur empreintes digitales, le visage ou encore l’iris de l’œil, - - - - - - - - Identiﬁcation biometrique - client et un serveur serveur Protection des donnees biometriques pour le respect de la vie privee We describe several cryptographic techniques that enable privacy protection in applications using biometric identiﬁcation. We consider different models, that focus either on conﬁdentiality of the biometric databases or on the privacy of the people that are identiﬁed or on both, without affecting the biometric accuracy. We discuss the use of searchable encryption, oblivious RAM and Secure Multi-party Computation techniques such as garbled circuits or homomorphic encryption. ABSTRACT REE N°4/2013 43 Protection des donnees biometriques pour le respect de la vie privee client inter
Design of a Small-Scale Supercritical Water Oxidation Reactor. Part I: Experimental Characterization (2021)

Supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) has been previously studied in the context of the destruction of organic compounds; however, information regarding the practical design and the details about the operation of these systems is not well presented in the literature. SCWO reaction rates have been studied in reactors with high surface-to-volume ratios and may not apply to practical reactors where volumetric reactions are prevalent. A modular small-scale supercritical water oxidation reactor is designed and fabricated to study kinetic rates, establish safe operating conditions, and test process control strategies. The reactor is heated by oxidation of pilot fuel (ethanol/water mixture) in an oxidant (H2O2/water mixture). Both streams are introduced coaxially in a downward direction stabilizing the oxidation by buoyancy. The fuel heating value was varied by adjusting the ethanol concentration in the 2–7 mol % ethanol/water range. The oxidant-to-fuel stoichiometric equivalence ratio (ΦAF) was varied from 1.1 to 1.5 by adjusting the oxidant mixture flow rate. Higher ethanol concentrations in the pilot fuel stream and operation near-stoichiometric result in a more stratified vertical temperature profile. The steady operation at a fluid temperature >600 °C is achieved with a nominal residence time of 25 s at a 7 mol % fuel dilution and ΦAF = 1.1. While the higher fluid temperature, the desired destruction of recalcitrant waste streams, was achieved, the wall temperature did not exceed material thresholds, establishing a safe operational envelope for the system. At the lowest pilot fuel dilution (2 mol %), the temperature profile is nearly uniform, approaching a distributed reaction regime with long residence times (>20 s) due to a buoyancy-driven stabilization scheme. The temperature distribution is used to validate the numerical modeling approach, presented in Part II of the study.
Fc Receptors (2001)

Abstract Receptors for the Fc region of immunoglobulins link humoral responses to cellular activities within the immune system. Leucocyte Fc receptors exist as hetero‐oligomeric complexes with unique ligand‐binding α chains and promiscuous accessory subunits.
Uplink Single-User MIMO for 3GPP LTE (2007)

In this paper a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) scheme proposed for a single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) system is described. Transmit and receive algorithms are developed for SC-FDMA MIMO systems. A spatial precoding closed-loop transmit beamforming (TxBF) algorithm for SC-FDMA MIMO system which uses singular value decomposition (SVD) at the transmitter and linear minimum mean square error (LMMSE) equalization at the receiver is described. Quantization and feedback schemes to support closed-loop operation are discussed. The PAPR effects and a mitigation approach are presented. Simulation results are shown for throughput vs. signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The performance for the new TxBF algorithm is compared to Single-Input-Multiple Output (SIMO). Also, single and dual- codeword performance is compared.
Supplementary Figure 10 from Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Expressing CXCL14 Rely upon NOS1-Derived Nitric Oxide Signaling for Their Tumor-Supporting Properties (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 46KB, NOS1 and CXCL14 mRNA expression correlates in human breast cancer data sets.&lt;/p&gt;
Transient Thermal Characterization of the Polymer Stud Grid Array (2001)

The polymer stud grid array (PSGA) is a new type of package, developed by Siemens and Imec. One of the important topics is to provide customers with reliability aspects of this new package. A thorough thermal study of the PSGA is needed to fully thermally characterize the package. One of the topics in thermal characterization is the development of a boundary condition independent steady state thermal compact model. However, this paper is not dealing with the detailed develop- ment of this model, but with the validation of it with thermal exper- iments. In order to validate the compact model, transient thermal experiments are performed. Both thermal impedance curves, one resulting from transient experiments and another from finite ele- ment simulations, have to overlap. In order to achieve the overlap- ping of these curves, fine-tuning of material properties, geometry parameters and boundary conditions in the FE model is realized. Having now a validated FE model, the compact model derived from it is then validated as well. In order to perform the experiments the PSGA is mounted on a thermal test board. A transient experiment consists of applying a power pulse to the assembly and monitors the temperature increase of the junction. The result of a transient experiment is the thermal impedance curve. The first short time period response gives information about the package or PSGA. After this period the influence of the board and boundary conditions becomes visible. Experiments are performed in different environments. A first environment is the Jedec box, which simulates a still air environ- ment. In still air, cooling is possible only through natural convec- tion. This results in a rather high steady state thermal resistance. The same experiments are repeated on a single cold plate, as well as with the submersed double jet impingement method (SDJI). Es- pecially SDJI provides very high cooling conditions, which result in a much lower steady state thermal resistance. Index Terms—Packaging, polymer stud grid array (PSGA), submerged double jet impingement method (SDJI), thermal impedance, transient thermal measurements, thermal characteri- zation.
Recognition of harmonic sounds in polyphonic audio using a missing feature approach (2013)

A method based on local spectral features and missing feature techniques is proposed for the recognition of harmonic sounds in mixture signals. A mask estimation algorithm is proposed for identifying spectral regions that contain reliable information for each sound source and then bounded marginalization is employed to treat the feature vector elements that are determined as unreliable. The proposed method is tested on musical instrument sounds due to the extensive availability of data but it can be applied on other sounds (i.e. animal sounds, environmental sounds), whenever these are harmonic. In simulations the proposed method clearly outperformed a baseline method for mixture signals.
Modeling Recrystallization for 3D Multi-Pass Forming Processes (2007)

The present work concerns the simulation of metallurgical evolutions in 3D multi-pass forming processes. In this context, the analyzed problem is twofold. One point refers to the management of the microstructure evolution during each pass or each inter-pass period and the other point concerns the management of the multi-pass aspects (different grain categories, data structure). In this framework, a model is developed and deals with both aspects. The model considers the microstructure as a composite made of a given (discretized) number of phases which have their own specific properties. The grain size distribution and the recrystallized volume fraction distribution of the different phases evolve continuously during a pass or inter-pass period. With this approach it is possible to deal with the heterogeneity of the microstructure and its evolution in multi-pass conditions. Both dynamic and static recrystallization phenomena are taken into account, with typical Avrami-type equations. The present model is implemented in the Finite Element code FORGE2005®. 3D numerical simulation results for a multi-pass process are presented.
Sex Differences in Pedobarographic Findings and Relationship between Radiographic and Pedobarographic Measurements in Young Healthy Adults (2018)

Sex-related differences in pedobarographic examination were observed, which could provide useful information in setting appropriate treatment goals and obtaining appropriate control data. The effects of subtalar motion in distributing plantar pressure should be investigated in a future study.
Geometry enhanced asymmetric rectifying tunneling diodes (2010)

In this article, the authors show that geometric asymmetry in the layout of tunnel diodes yields asymmetry in the current-voltage (I-V) relationships associated with these diodes. Asymmetry improves diode performance. This effect is demonstrated for polysilicon–SiO2–Ti/Au and for Ni–NiO–Ni tunneling structures. For a polysilicon–SiO2–Ti/Au asymmetric tunneling diode (ATD), sensitivity and I-V curvature improvements of 71% and 350% are achieved, respectively. For a Ni–NiO–Ni asymmetric diode, sensitivity and I-V curvature improvements of 15% and 39% are observed. The authors further demonstrate that this asymmetry enhances the microwave radiation detection sensitivity of these diodes at 900 MHz. Superior rectifying performance of a Ni ATD is observed due to smaller band-edge offsets in this material compared to that of a polysilicon ATD. The resulting structure can be further optimized using plasmonic field enhancement.
Noninvasive Intravital Imaging of Thymocyte Dynamics in Medaka (2007)

In vivo imaging of thymocytes has not been accomplished due to their localization deep within opaque body and high susceptibility to surgical stress. To overcome these problems, medaka is useful because of transparency and ex-uterine development. We report the noninvasive detection of thymocytes in transgenic medaka that express fluorescent protein under the control of immature-lymphocyte-specific rag1. We show that lymphoid progenitor cells colonize the thymus primordium in an anterior-to-posterior orientation-specific manner, revealing that extrathymic anterior components guide prevascular thymus colonization. We also show that developing thymocytes acquire "random walk motility" along with the expression of Ag receptors and coreceptors, suggesting that thymocyte walking is initiated at the developmental stage for repertoire selection. Thus, transgenic medaka enables real-time intravital imaging of thymocytes without surgical invasion.
EFFECT OF INTRAVESICAL CAPSAICIN AND VEHICLE ON BLADDER INTEGRITY IN CONTROL AND SPINAL CORD INJURED RATS (1998)

To determine the acute effect of intravesical capsaicin on bladder mucosal integrity in normal and spinal cord injured (SCI) rats.Intravesical reagents were instilled in 5 groups of age and weight matched female rats: 1) control + normal saline solution (NSS), 2) control + ethanol (EtOH), 3) control + capsaicin/EtOH, 4) SCI + NSS, 5) SCI + capsaicin/EtOH. Intravesical instillations were performed 4 weeks after a standard T10 SCI. Intravesical capsaicin (1 mM.) was dissolved in 30% EtOH/NSS. The animals (n = 3 each group) were sacrificed at 30 minutes, 24 hours, 72 hours, and 7 days after intravesical instillation. Whole bladders were harvested, fixed in 10% buffered formalin, and paraffin embedded. Tissue blocks were blind coded and sectioned (5 microns thickness) for histopathological analysis. All sections were initially stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H & E). Specific staining for mucin carbohydrate moieties included periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and alcian blue. Also, immunohistochemical staining for GP51 (a urinary glycoprotein) was performed.Control and SCI rats exhibited similar bladder mucosal histology by H & E and mucin specific stains. Instillation of saline demonstrated no effect on bladder histology, whereas instillation of intravesical capsaicin induced a profound acute effect of thinning of the epithelium, submucosal edema, and diminished presence of GP51. EtOH produced similar pathological findings, but to a lesser degree than capsaicin. Intravesical capsaicin demonstrated a similar effect in both control and SCI animals. The peak effect was seen after 30 minutes and continued for 24 hours. Partial recovery was noted after 72 hours and complete recovery was evident by 1 week.The control and SCI rats demonstrated a histologically similar mucosa and glycosaminoglycan layer. The effect of saline instillation on the mucosa was negligible. Intravesical capsaicin dissolved in 30% ethanol/NSS had a profound effect on the bladder urothelium submucosa that was more pronounced than that seen with the ethanol vehicle alone in normal animals.
A novel Ccb and Rb reduction technique for high-speed SiGe HBTs (2012)

In this paper, we discuss a novel technique to reduce base resistance (R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">b</sub> ) and collector-base capacitance (C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">cb</sub> ) for higher F <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> in high-speed SiGe HBTs. In order to reduce C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">cb</sub> , we first located the origins of the different components of C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">cb</sub> through AC extraction. Then we utilized scanning capacitance measurements (SCM) to examine the shape of the collector-base depletion. We then propose a method to reduce the extrinsic C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">cb</sub> , namely by using reticle enhancement techniques to print a blocking oxide layer to inhibit boron outdiffusion. An additional benefit was the reduction of R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">b</sub> by reducing the base link resistance.
Time- and spectrally resolved ultrafast gain dynamics of a semiconductor optical amplifier under phase-correlated multiwavelength pulse amplification (2004)

The ultrafast gain dynamics of an AlGaAs semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) are measured under phase-correlated multiwavelength pulse amplification using time-resolved pump–probe techniques. Both the temporal and spectral gain dynamics are measured. Carrier heating due to two photon absorption, carrier cooling, four-wave mixing, and cross-phase modulation effects are observed. These effects are evident when amplifying dispersion compensated pulses, and it is shown how these effects decrease when amplifying nondispersion compensated (chirped) pulses. This helps to avoid nonlinear effects in the gain media (SOA), which, in turn, helps to support the operation of external cavity multiwavelength semiconductor mode-locked lasers where the intracavity pulses are inherently chirped.