gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Telecom-Wavelength Bottom-up Nanobeam Lasers on Silicon-on-Insulator (2017)

Semiconductor nanowire lasers are considered promising ultracompact and energy-efficient light sources in the field of nanophotonics. Although the integration of nanowire lasers onto silicon photonic platforms is an innovative path toward chip-scale optical communications and photonic integrated circuits, operating nanowire lasers at telecom-wavelengths remains challenging. Here, we report on InGaAs nanowire array lasers on a silicon-on-insulator platform operating up to 1440 nm at room temperature. Bottom-up photonic crystal nanobeam cavities are formed by growing nanowires as ordered arrays using selective-area epitaxy, and single-mode lasing by optical pumping is demonstrated. We also show that arrays of nanobeam lasers with individually tunable wavelengths can be integrated on a single chip by the simple adjustment of the lithographically defined growth pattern. These results exemplify a practical approach toward nanowire lasers for silicon photonics.
Association Between Diabetes, Chronic Kidney Disease, and Outcomes in People With Heart Failure From Asia (2023)

Combined DM and CKD adversely effected outcomes independently of HF subtype, with CKD a consistent predictor of worse outcomes. Strategies to prevent and treat DM and CKD in HF are urgently required.
SFC function mobility with Mobile IPv6 (2020)

Service function chaining (SFC) allows the instantiation of an ordered
set of service functions and subsequent steering of traffic through
them. In order to set up and maintain SFC instances, a control plane
is required, which typically is centralized. In certain environments,
such as fog computing ones, such centralized control might not be
feasible, calling for distributed SFC control solutions. This document
specifies Mobile IPv6 extensions to enable function migration in SFC.
Identification and characterization of transmitted and early founder virus envelopes in primary HIV-1 infection (2019)

The precise identification of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) responsible for productive clinical infection could be instrumental in elucidating the molecular basis of HIV-1 transmission and in designing effective vaccines. Here, we developed a mathematical model of random viral evolution and, together with phylogenetic tree construction, used it to analyze 3,449 complete env sequences derived by single genome amplification from 102 subjects with acute HIV-1 (clade B) infection. Viral env genes evolving from individual transmitted or founder viruses generally exhibited a Poisson distribution of mutations and star-like phylogeny, which coalesced to an inferred consensus sequence at or near the estimated time of virus transmission. Overall, 78 of 102 subjects had evidence of productive clinical infection by a single virus, and 24 others had evidence of productive clinical infection by a minimum of two to five viruses. Phenotypic analysis of transmitted or early founder Envs revealed a consistent pattern of CCR5 dependence, masking of coreceptor binding regions, and equivalent or modestly enhanced resistance to the fusion inhibitor T1249 and broadly neutralizing antibodies compared with Envs from chronically infected subjects. Low multiplicity infection and limited viral evolution preceding peak viremia suggest a finite window of potential vulnerability of HIV-1 to vaccine-elicited immune responses, although phenotypic properties of transmitted Envs pose a formidable defense.
Artificial Intelligence (AI)-Empowered Echocardiography Interpretation: A State-of-the-Art Review (2021)

Echocardiography (Echo), a widely available, noninvasive, and portable bedside imaging tool, is the most frequently used imaging modality in assessing cardiac anatomy and function in clinical practice. On the other hand, its operator dependability introduces variability in image acquisition, measurements, and interpretation. To reduce these variabilities, there is an increasing demand for an operator- and interpreter-independent Echo system empowered with artificial intelligence (AI), which has been incorporated into diverse areas of clinical medicine. Recent advances in AI applications in computer vision have enabled us to identify conceptual and complex imaging features with the self-learning ability of AI models and efficient parallel computing power. This has resulted in vast opportunities such as providing AI models that are robust to variations with generalizability for instantaneous image quality control, aiding in the acquisition of optimal images and diagnosis of complex diseases, and improving the clinical workflow of cardiac ultrasound. In this review, we provide a state-of-the art overview of AI-empowered Echo applications in cardiology and future trends for AI-powered Echo technology that standardize measurements, aid physicians in diagnosing cardiac diseases, optimize Echo workflow in clinics, and ultimately, reduce healthcare costs.
A one‐dimensional spot welding model (2006)

A one‐dimensional model is proposed for the simulations of resistance spot welding, which is a common industrial method used to join metallic plates by electrical heating. The model consists of the Stefan problem, in enthalpy form, coupled with the equation of charge conservation for the electrical potential. The temperature dependence of the density, thermal conductivity, specific heat, and electrical conductivity are taken into account, since the process generally involves a large temperature range, on the order of 1000 K. The model is general enough to allow for the welding of plates of different thicknesses or dissimilar materials and to account for variations in the Joule heating through the material thickness due to the dependence of electrical resistivity on the temperature. A novel feature in the model is the inclusion of the effects of interface resistance between the plates which is also assumed to be temperature dependent. In addition to constructing the model, a finite difference scheme for its numerical approximations is described, and representative computer simulations are depicted. These describe welding processes involving different interface resistances, different thicknesses, different materials, and different voltage forms. The differences in the process due to AC or DC currents are depicted as well.
Salicylic acid is not required for Cf‐2‐ and Cf‐9‐dependent resistance of tomato to Cladosporium fulvum (2000)

Tomato leaves or cotyledons expressing the Cf-2 or Cf-9 Cladosporium fulvum resistance genes induce salicylic acid (SA) synthesis following infiltration with intercellular washing fluid (IF) containing the fungal peptide elicitors Avr2 and Avr9. We investigated whether SA was required for Cf gene-dependent resistance. Tomato plants expressing the bacterial gene nahG, encoding salicylate hydroxylase, did not accumulate SA in response to IF infiltration but remained fully resistant to C. fulvum. NahG Cf0 plants were as susceptible to C. fulvum as wild-type Cf0. Neither free nor conjugated salicylic acid accumulated in IF-infiltrated Cf2 and Cf9 NahG leaves and cotyledons but conjugated catechol did accumulate. The Cf-9-dependent necrotic response to IF was prevented in NahG plants and replaced by a chlorotic Cf-2-like response. SA also potentiated Cf-9-mediated necrosis in IF-infiltrated wild-type leaves. In contrast, the Cf-2-dependent IF response was retained in NahG leaves and chlorosis was more pronounced than in the wild-type. The distribution of cell death between different cell types was altered in both Cf2 and Cf9 NahG leaves after IF injection. IF-induced accumulation of three SA-inducible defence-related genes was delayed and reduced but not abolished in NahG Cf2 and Cf9 leaves and cotyledons. NahG Tm-22 tomato showed increased hypersensitive response (HR) lesion size upon TMV infection, as observed in TMV-inoculated N gene-containing NahG tobacco plants.
Searching for Li4¯ via the momentum-correlation function of p¯−He3¯ (2020)

The heaviest observed antinucleus to date is $\overline{^{4}\mathrm{He}}$ which was detected at the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. From previous scattering experiments, we know that the $^{4}\mathrm{Li}$ has a very short lifetime, about $1.197\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}22}\phantom{\rule{4.pt}{0ex}}\text{s}$, and can decay into proton and $^{3}\mathrm{H}\mathrm{e}$. In experiments, the correlation function of $\overline{\mathrm{p}}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\overline{^{3}\mathrm{He}}$ provides us a method to observe $\overline{^{4}\mathrm{Li}}$. In this paper we use the blast-wave model and the Lednick\'y-Lyuboshitz analytical model to obtain a prediction of the correlation function of $\overline{\mathrm{p}}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\overline{^{3}\mathrm{He}}$ with and without $\overline{^{4}\mathrm{Li}}$ decay in Au $+$ Au collisions at $\sqrt{{S}_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV. The magnitude of event number needed to detect $\overline{^{4}\mathrm{Li}}$ experimentally is estimated from the error of the correlation function. The correlation function with $\overline{^{4}\mathrm{Li}}$ decay is found to exhibit a peak at ${k}^{*}\ensuremath{\approx}$ 0.073 GeV/c. The results offer a reference for the experimental search for $\overline{^{4}\mathrm{Li}}$ in relativistic heavy-ion collisions.
Synthesis of Poly-(R)-3 Hydroxyoctanoate (PHO) and Its Graphene Nanocomposites (2013)

Polyhydroxyalkanoates are a popular class of bioplastics valued for their rapid biodegradadion, biocompatibility, and renewable feedstocks. While there are already a few commercial applications for these biopolymers, a greater diversity of properties is needed to compete with petroleum based polymers. In this chapter, we report the synthesis and characterization of polyhdroxyoctanoate and its nanocomposite with thermally reduced graphene. The results indicate the incorporation of graphene into the PHO matrix leads to a small upshift in the glass transition, enhance the thermal stability, and ~600% increase in modulus. Electrical percolation between 0.5 and 1 vol.% TRG was obtained.
Optimization of rooftop photovoltaic installations to maximize revenue in Finland based on customer class load profiles and simulated generation (2022)

The profitability of a rooftop solar photovoltaic (PV) system depends on several factors, such as the retail price of electricity, the load profile of the building, and orientation of the solar PV modules. If there are consumption peaks in the morning, evening, or both, the solar PV modules can be oriented eastward, westward, or east–west, respectively, in order to increase self-consumption. However, the market price of electricity varies, which makes it challenging to evaluate the revenue of a solar PV system in advance. In this study, solar PV module orientation is considered based on profitability. The study uses hourly data of 13 different statistical customer class load profiles, historical electricity market price data for the years 2016–2020, and simulated solar PV yield from southern Finland. A comparison is made between single-azimuth and dual-azimuth systems, the latter of which having the orientation of half of the modules mirrored respective to the north–south axis. A single-azimuth system is usually more profitable when compensation is paid for surplus electricity. The optimal orientations are at azimuth angles of −15°–5° and at tilt angles of 35°–45° with both fixed and dynamic electricity purchase prices. However, if no compensation is paid for surplus electricity, it is usually more profitable to minimize the electricity purchase by orienting the solar PV modules in two azimuths between east and west with tilt angles of 10°–55° depending on the capacity of the solar PV system and the load profile. The revenue is not very sensitive to moderate changes in orientation.
Interactions of human Cdc45 with the Mcm2–7 complex, the GINS complex, and DNA polymerases δ and ɛ during S phase (2007)

Cdc45 is an essential cellular protein that functions in both the initiation and elongation of DNA replication. Here, we analyzed the localization of human Cdc45 and its interactions with other proteins during the cell cycle. Human Cdc45 showed a diffuse distribution in G1 phase, a spot-like pattern in S and G2, and again a diffuse distribution in M phase of the cell cycle. The co-localization of Cdc45 with active replication sites during S phase suggested that the human Cdc45 protein was part of the elongation complex. This view was corroborated by findings that Cdc45 interacted with the elongating DNA polymerases delta and epsilon, with Psf2, which is a component of the GINS complex as well as with Mcm5 and 7, subunits of the putative replicative DNA helicase complex. Hence, Cdc45 may play an important role in elongation of DNA replication by bridging the processive DNA polymerases delta and epsilon with the replicative helicase in the elongating machinery.
Analyzing the differentiation strategies of big companies competing with each other (2018)

The purpose of the research was to evaluate the competitive strategies of the two big companies in Pakistan. To achieve this aim, the two competing companies in the ice cream sector were evaluated that include Unilever Pakistan and Engro for their brands Magnum and Omore respectively. The primary research was conducted using a questionnaire survey as the research instrument. The instrument was evaluated for its reliability and then the research was conducted with 100 consumers. The findings were relevant to the literature discussed in the research that the product is differentiated by adding value to add. Additionally, it was also found that to create value it is not limited to add value through quality, but it can also be differentiated by adding features into the product to add value. Nevertheless, the findings from the study revealed that the consumers in Pakistan prefer the differentiated product. Particularly, the consumers preferred Magnum ice cream over Cornetto and Omore because it was rich in taste and quality. Although, consumers also regarded it as expensive but they also responded to a survey that it offers value for the price. Notably, the consumers were also found preferring a low-cost product which indicates that in Pakistan the competitive strategy that is successful is differentiation and that Unilever Pakistan capitalizes with differentiation through Magnum and also serves lowcost markets and competes with OMORE brand. The recommendations were proposed for further research.
Data from Reexpression of Tumor Suppressor, sFRP1, Leads to Antitumor Synergy of Combined HDAC and Methyltransferase Inhibitors in Chemoresistant Cancers (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Metastatic solid tumors are aggressive and mostly drug resistant, leading to few treatment options and poor prognosis as seen with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Therefore, the identification of new therapeutic regimes for the treatment of metastatic disease is desirable. ccRCC and TNBC cell lines were treated with the HDAC inhibitor romidepsin and the methyltransferase inhibitor decitabine, two epigenetic modifying drugs approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of various hematologic malignancies. Cell proliferation analysis, flow cytometry, quantitative PCR, and immunoblotting techniques were used to evaluate the antitumor synergy of this drug combination and identify the reexpression of epigenetically silenced tumor suppressor genes. Combinatorial treatment of metastatic TNBC and stage IV ccRCC cell lines with romidepsin/decitabine leads to synergistic inhibition of cell growth and induction of apoptosis above levels of individual drug treatments alone. Synergistic reexpression of the tumor suppressor gene secreted frizzled-related protein one (sFRP1) was observed in combinatorial drug-treated groups. Silencing &lt;i&gt;sFRP1&lt;/i&gt; (short hairpin RNA) before combinatorial drug treatment showed that sFRP1 mediates the growth inhibitory and apoptotic activity of combined romidepsin/decitabine. Furthermore, addition of recombinant sFRP1 to ccRCC or TNBC cells inhibits cell growth in a dose-dependent manner through the induction of apoptosis, identifying that epigenetic silencing of &lt;i&gt;sFRP1&lt;/i&gt; contributes to renal and breast cancer cell survival. Combinatorial treatment with romidepsin and decitabine in drug resistant tumors is a promising treatment strategy. Moreover, recombinant sFRP1 may be a novel therapeutic strategy for cancers with suppressed &lt;i&gt;sFRP1&lt;/i&gt; expression. &lt;i&gt;Mol Cancer Ther; 11(10); 2105–15. ©2012 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Assessing the Accuracy of Popular Commercial Technologies That Measure Resting Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability (2021)

Commercial off-the shelf (COTS) wearable devices continue development at unprecedented rates. An unfortunate consequence of their rapid commercialization is the lack of independent, third-party accuracy verification for reported physiological metrics of interest, such as heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV). To address these shortcomings, the present study examined the accuracy of seven COTS devices in assessing resting-state HR and root mean square of successive differences (rMSSD). Five healthy young adults generated 148 total trials, each of which compared COTS devices against a validation standard, multi-lead electrocardiogram (mECG). All devices accurately reported mean HR, according to absolute percent error summary statistics, although the highest mean absolute percent error (MAPE) was observed for CameraHRV (17.26%). The next highest MAPE for HR was nearly 15% less (HRV4Training, 2.34%). When measuring rMSSD, MAPE was again the highest for CameraHRV [112.36%, concordance correlation coefficient (CCC): 0.04], while the lowest MAPEs observed were from HRV4Training (4.10%; CCC: 0.98) and OURA (6.84%; CCC: 0.91). Our findings support extant literature that exposes varying degrees of veracity among COTS devices. To thoroughly address questionable claims from manufacturers, elucidate the accuracy of data parameters, and maximize the real-world applicative value of emerging devices, future research must continually evaluate COTS devices.
Strain Induced Abnormal Grain Growth in Nickel Base Superalloys (2013)

Under certain circumstances abnormal grain growth occurs in Nickel base superalloys during thermomechanical forming. Second phase particles are involved in the phenomenon, since they obviously do not hinder the motion of some boundaries, but the key parameter is here the stored energy difference between adjacent grains. It induces an additional driving force for grain boundary migration that may be large enough to overcome the Zener pinning pressure. In addition, the abnormal grains have a high density of twins, which is likely due to the increased growth rate.
Poly-ADP Ribosyl Polymerase 1 (PARP1) Regulates Influenza A Virus Polymerase (2019)

Influenza A viruses (IAV) are evolutionarily successful pathogens, capable of infecting a number of avian and mammalian species and responsible for pandemic and seasonal epidemic disease in humans. To infect new species, IAV typically must overcome a number of species barriers to entry, replication, and egress, even while virus replication is counteracted by antiviral host factors and innate immune mechanisms. A number of host factors have been found to regulate the replication of IAV by interacting with the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP). The host factor PARP1, a poly-ADP ribosyl polymerase, was required for optimal functions of human, swine, and avian influenza RdRP in human 293T cells. In IAV infection, PARP1 was required for efficient synthesis of viral nucleoprotein (NP) in human lung A549 cells. Intriguingly, pharmacological inhibition of PARP1 enzymatic activity (PARylation) by 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide led to a 4-fold increase in RdRP activity, and a 2.3-fold increase in virus titer. Exogenous expression of the natural PARylation inhibitor PARG also enhanced RdRP activity. These data suggest a virus-host interaction dynamic where PARP1 protein itself is required, but cellular PARylation has a distinct suppressive modality, on influenza A viral polymerase activity in human cells.
In Vivo Delivery of Synthetic Human DNA-Encoded Monoclonal Antibodies Protect against Ebolavirus Infection in a Mouse Model (2018)

Synthetically engineered DNA-encoded monoclonal antibodies (DMAbs) are an in vivo platform for evaluation and delivery of human mAb to control against infectious disease. Here, we engineer DMAbs encoding potent anti-Zaire ebolavirus (EBOV) glycoprotein (GP) mAbs isolated from Ebola virus disease survivors. We demonstrate the development of a human IgG1 DMAb platform for in vivo EBOV-GP mAb delivery and evaluation in a mouse model. Using this approach, we show that DMAb-11 and DMAb-34 exhibit functional and molecular profiles comparable to recombinant mAb, have a wide window of expression, and provide rapid protection against lethal mouse-adapted EBOV challenge. The DMAb platform represents a simple, rapid, and reproducible approach for evaluating the activity of mAb during clinical development. DMAbs have the potential to be a mAb delivery system, which may be advantageous for protection against highly pathogenic infectious diseases, like EBOV, in resource-limited and other challenging settings.
Compartmentalization of Endoplasmic Reticulum Quality Control and ER-Associated Degradation Factors (2012)

Recent studies are delineating a detailed picture of the architecture and function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the early secretory pathway, showing the existence of dynamic compartmentalization of ER quality control and ER-associated degradation (ERAD) factors. The compartmentalization is regulated by ER protein load and in turn regulates protein processing and cell fate. This compartmentalization is intimately linked to the protein quality control processes, protein disposal through ERAD, the unfolded protein response, and the initiation of apoptosis. It includes novel compartments, the ER-derived quality control compartment (ERQC), vesicles implicated in "ERAD-tuning," and the mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs).
Cytoplasmic Sequestration of p27 via AKT Phosphorylation in Renal Cell Carcinoma (2008)

In RCC, p27 is phosphorylated at T157 of the NLS, with increasing tumor grade associated with cytoplasmic p27. PI3K inhibition (which reduces AKT activity) reduces T157 phosphorylation and induces nuclear relocalization of p27, whereas mTOR inhibition does not. Clinical testing of these findings may provide a rational approach for use of mTOR and PI3K/AKT pathway inhibitors in patients with RCC.
Hydrogen Incorporation in Diamond: The Nitrogen-Vacancy-Hydrogen Complex (2003)

We report the identification of the nitrogen-vacancy-hydrogen complex in a freestanding nitrogen-doped isotopically engineered single crystal diamond synthesized by chemical vapor deposition. The hydrogen atom is located in the vacancy of a nearest-neighbor nitrogen-vacancy defect and appears to be bonded to the nitrogen atom maintaining the trigonal symmetry of the center. The defect is observed by electron paramagnetic resonance in the negative charge state in samples containing a suitable electron donor (e.g., substitutional nitrogen N(0)(S)).