gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microstructural Changes in 900°C Heat Treated Ti-6A1-4V After Deformation (1977)

It has been shown that the mill annealed form of Ti-6A1-4V has improved fatigue resistance after it has been heat treated at 900°C for 10 minutes and water quenched, some of the increased fatique strength of this material may result from microstructural adjustments to deformation. The present study deals with the general microstructure of the material and specifically with that of the martensite before fatigue, at the fracture surface after fatigue and at distances away from the fracture surface. In addition, microstructural changes which are brought about by annealing this heat treated material at 500°C for 8 hours are discussed. Thin foil specimens were prepared from bulk materials by spark cutting and planing. This was followed by electropolishing in a solution of 62.5% methanol, 31% butanol and 6.5% of 70% perchloric acid at 13.9 volts at -40°C. Fatigue testing was conducted at ±0.020 shear strain with a constant axial stress of 2.12 x 10 7 N/M 2 .
High-speed imaging polarimeter (2003)

A high speed Mueller matrix imaging polarimeter is presented. The instrument enables measurement of the full Mueller matrix in transmission, reflection, or retro-reflection. The Mueller matrix provides a complete description of the polarization transforming properties of the sample. The retardance, diattenuation, polarizance, and depolarization are all characterized by the polarimeter. The polarimeter is able to measure the polarization properties of samples ranging from sub-millimeter optical components to large optics. The imaging capabilities can be modified to measure the polarization properties across the surface of the sample or as a function of the angle through the sample. The dual rotating retarder polarimeter provides up to sixty-two full Mueller matrix images per second. Instrument details, measurement techniques, example data, and applications are presented.
Accelerated autofocusing of off-axis holograms using critical sampling (2012)

In this Letter we propose a fast off-axis hologram autofocusing (AF) approach that is based on the redundant data elimination by the critical resampling of the contained complex field. Implementation of the proposed methodology enables the real-time AF with up to 12× speed-up factors in comparison to the classical approach. The method is further extended for single-shot physical autofocus of the fluorescence imaging channel of multimodal imaging instruments capable of off-axis hologram acquisition.
A study of blister formation in ALD Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> grown on silicon (2012)

This work investigates the formation of blisters during annealing an Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> film grown by atomic layer deposition (ALD) on Si. This blistering phenomenon is shown to occur under an external load in the presence of a tensile residual stress: the total membrane stress is a super-imposition of the residual stress of the pre-stressed film and a concomitant stress due to change of blister profile. In the case of this Si/Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> system, the film is indeed pre-stressed and the hydrostatic pressure is caused by (i) the effusion of H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> and H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O and (ii) Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> being a diffusion barrier.
Alkoxy-Terminated Si Surfaces: A New Reactive Platform for the Functionalization and Derivatization of Silicon Quantum Dots (2016)

Alkoxy-terminated silicon quantum dots (SiQDs) were synthesized via hydrosilylation of aliphatic ketones on hydride-terminated SiQD (H-SiQD) surfaces under microwave-irradiation. Aromatic ketones undergo hydrosilylation on H-SiQD surfaces at room temperature without requiring any catalyst. The alkoxy-terminated SiQDs are soluble in organic solvents, colloidally stable, and show bright and size dependent photoluminescence (PL). The alkoxy-functionalized silicon surfaces were used as reactive platform for further functionalization via unprecedented ligand exchange of the alkoxy-surface groups with alkyl or alkenyl-surface groups in the presence of BH3·THF. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H NMR), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectroscopy confirmed alkoxy-terminated surfaces and their ligand exchange reactions in the presence of various alkenes and alkynes.
Area-Selective (Inhibited) Atomic Layer Deposition of ZnO on Si/SiO<sub>2</sub> Using Tris(trimethylamino)methylsilane (2023)

Delayed atomic layer deposition (ALD) of ZnO, i.e., area selective (AS)-ALD, was successfully achieved on silicon wafers (Si/SiO2) terminated with tris(dimethylamino)methylsilane (TDMAMS). This resist molecule was deposited in a home-built, near atmospheric pressure, flow-through , gas-phase reactor. TDMAMS has been shown to react with Si/SiO2 in a single cycle/reaction and to drastically reduce the number of silanols that remain at the surface. ZnO was deposited in a commercial ALD system using dimethylzinc (DMZ) as the zinc precursor and H2O as the coreactant. Deposition of TDMAMS was confirmed by spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and wetting. ALD of ZnO, including its selectivity on TDMAMS – terminated Si/SiO2 (Si/SiO2/TDMAMS), was confirmed by in situ ellipsometry, ex situ SE, XPS, and/or high sensitivity – low energy ion scattering (HS-LEIS). The thermal stability of the TDMAMS resist layer, which is an important parameter for AS-ALD, was investigated by heating Si/SiO2/TDMAMS in air and nitrogen at 330 ºC. ALD of ZnO takes place more readily on Si/SiO2/TDMAMS heated in the air than in N2, suggesting greater damage to the surface heated in the air. To better understand the in situ ALD of ZnO, the data were also plotted as the normalized growth per cycle and to show the selectivity. Even one, short pulse of TDMAMS effectively passivates Si/SiO2. TDMAMS can be an effective small molecule inhibitor of ALD of ZnO on Si/SiO2 surfaces.
Influence of Finite Span and Sweep on Active Flow Control Efficacy (2007)

Active flow control efficacy was investigated by means of leading-edge and flap-shoulder zero mass-flux blowing slots on a semispan wing model that was tested in unswept (standard) and swept configurations. On the standard configuration, stall commenced inboard, but with sweep the wing stalled initially near the tip. On both configurations, leading-edge perturbations increased C(sub L,max) and post stall lift, both with and without deflected flaps. Without sweep, the effect of control was approximately uniform across the wing span but remained effective to high angles of attack near the tip; when sweep was introduced a significant effect was noted inboard, but this effect degraded along the span and produced virtually no meaningful lift enhancement near the tip, irrespective of the tip configuration. In the former case, control strengthened the wingtip vortex; in the latter case, a simple semi-empirical model, based on the trajectory or streamline of the evolving perturbation, served to explain the observations. Control on finite-span flaps did not differ significantly from their two-dimensional counterpart, while control over a tip flap produced significant variations to all three moments in the presence of large deflection and these variations were linear with input slot momentum. Control from the flap produced expected lift enhancement and CL,max improvements in the absence of sweep, but these improvements degraded with the introduction of sweep.
Catalysed insertion reactions of diphenyl diselenide with ethyl diazoacetate and dimethyl diazomalonate (1979)

Se–Se Insertion reactions were observed when ethyl diazoacetate and dimethyl diazomalonate were allowed to react with diphenyl diselenide (1) in the presence of catalysts such as copper–bronze or BF3·Et2O.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Small interfering RNA targeted to stem-loop II of the 5' untranslated region effectively inhibits expression of six HCV genotypes (2006)

These in vitro studies suggest that siRNA targeted to stem-loop II is highly effective inhibiting IRES mediated translation of the major genotypes of HCV. Stem-loop II siRNA may be a good target for developing an intracellular immunization strategy based antiviral therapy to inhibit hepatitis C virus strains that are not inhibited by interferon.
Space-time localization and registration on the beating heart (2012)

This paper presents a framework for localizing a miniature epicardial crawling robot, HeartLander, on the beating heart using only 6-degree-of-freedom position measurements from an electromagnetic position tracker and a dynamic surface model of the heart. Using only this information, motion and observation models of the system are developed such that a particle filter can accurately estimate not only the location of the robot on the surface of the heart, but also the pose of the heart in the world coordinate frame as well as the current physiological phase of the heart. The presented framework is then demonstrated in simulation on a dynamic 3-D model of the human heart and a robot motion model which accurately mimics the behavior of the HeartLander robot.
Intestinal Spirochaetes of the Genus Brachyspira Share a Partially Conserved 26 Kilobase Genomic Region with Enterococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli (2008)

Anaerobic intestinal spirochaetes of the genus Brachyspira include both pathogenic and commensal species. The two best-studied members are the pathogenic species B. hyodysenteriae (the aetiological agent of swine dysentery) and B. pilosicoli (a cause of intestinal spirochaetosis in humans and other species). Analysis of near-complete genome sequences of these two species identified a highly conserved 26 kilobase (kb) region that was shared, against a background of otherwise very little sequence conservation between the two species. PCR amplification was used to identify sets of contiguous genes from this region in the related Brachyspira species B. intermedia, B. innocens, B. murdochii, B. alvinipulli, and B. aalborgi, and demonstrated the presence of at least part of this region in species from throughout the genus. Comparative genomic analysis with other sequenced bacterial species revealed that none of the completely sequenced spirochaete species from different genera contained this conserved cluster of coding sequences. In contrast, Enterococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli contained high gene cluster conservation across the 26 kb region, against an expected background of little sequence conservation between these phylogenetically distinct species. The conserved region in B. hyodysenteriae contained five genes predicted to be associated with amino acid transport and metabolism, four with energy production and conversion, two with nucleotide transport and metabolism, one with ion transport and metabolism, and four with poorly characterised or uncertain function, including an ankyrin repeat unit at the 5’ end. The most likely explanation for the presence of this 26 kb region in the Brachyspira species and in two unrelated enteric bacterial species is that the region has been involved in horizontal gene transfer.
Photothermal Response of Photoluminescent Silicon Nanocrystals (2012)

We demonstrate that silicon nanocrystals (Si-NCs) exhibiting relatively high near-IR photoluminescent quantum yields also exhibit a notable photothermal (PT) response. The PT effect has been quantified as a function of NC size, defect concentration, and irradiating energy, suggesting that the origin of the PT response is a combination of carrier thermalization and defect-mediated heating. The PT effect observed under NIR irradiation suggests that Si-NCs could find use in combined in vivo PL imaging and PT therapy.
Pretreatment of Vegetable Oil Using Ion-exchange Resin and Biodiesel Production (2007)

Biodiesel is a fatty acid alkyl ester produced by chemical reaction of a vegetable oil or animal fat and an alcohol. It is getting attention as a clean alternative energy that can replace gas oils. In this study, strong acidic ion exchange resin was introduced in the pretreatment process of the used cooking oil and rapeseed oil to enhance the conversion of the oil to the biodiesel by removing FFA(free fatty acid). More than 90% FFA was removed. Dry resins showed higher FFA removal efficiency than wet resins. Using transesterification the conversion of triglyceride into fatty acid methyl ester was raised up to 98%. These results can be applicable to the pretreatment of biodiesel feedstocks having high acidic value.
Results of GLMM-based target detection on the RIT data set (2010)

The authors have recently introduced the Generalized Linear Mixing Model (GLMM), which extends the traditional Linear Mixing Model by generalizing the concept of an endmember vector to an endmember subspace. This generalization allows us to model the spectral variability that is present in a given class. The model also naturally includes the use of 'target spaces', which have been previously developed to model the variability of at-sensor radiance for a given library spectrum due to atmospheric and illumination uncertainty. In this paper, we apply the GLMM / target space approach to detecting targets in the recently released RIT test data set. In particular, we give a brief description of the underlying model, and then present our results of applying this model to the RIT data set.
Amino Acid-Functionalized Ionic Liquid Solid Sorbents for Post-Combustion Carbon Capture (2013)

Amino acid ionic liquids (AAILs) are potential green substitutes of aqueous amine solutions for carbon dioxide (CO2) capture. However, the viscous nature of AAILs greatly hinders their further development in CO2 capture applications. In this contribution, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium lysine ([EMIM][Lys]) was synthesized and immobilized into a porous poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) microsphere support for post-combustion CO2 capture. The [EMIM][Lys] exhibited good thermal stability and could be facilely immobilized into porous microspheres. Significantly, the [EMIM][Lys]-PMMA sorbents retained their porous structure after [EMIM][Lys] loading and exhibited fast kinetics. When exposed to CO2 at 40 °C, [EMIM][Lys]-PMMA sorbent exhibited the highest CO2 capacity compared to other counterparts studied and achieved a capacity of 0.87 mol/(mol AAIL) or 1.67 mmol/(g sorbent). The capture process may be characterized by two stages: CO2 adsorption on the surface of sorbent and CO2 diffusion into sorbent for further adsorption. The calculated activation energies of the two-stage CO2 sorption were 4.1 and 4.3 kJ/mol, respectively, indicating that, overall, the CO2 can easily adsorb onto this sorbent. Furthermore, multiple cycle tests indicated that the developed sorbents had good long-term stability. The developed sorbent may be a promising candidate for post-combustion CO2 capture.
New Metallization Scheme for Interdigitated back Contact Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells (2013)

International audience
Development and Testing of the OPLS-AA/M Force Field for RNA (2019)

Significant improvements have been made to the OPLS-AA force field for modeling RNA. New torsional potentials were optimized based on density functional theory (DFT) scans at the ωB97X-D/6-311++G(d,p) level for potential energy surfaces of the backbone α and γ dihedral angles. In combination with previously reported improvements for the sugar puckering and glycosidic torsion terms, the new force field was validated through diverse molecular dynamics simulations for RNAs in aqueous solution. Results for dinucleotides and tetranucleotides revealed both accurate reproduction of <sup>3</sup> J couplings from NMR and the avoidance of several unphysical states observed with other force fields. Simulations of larger systems with noncanonical motifs showed significant structural improvements over the previous OPLS-AA parameters. The new force field, OPLS-AA/M, is expected to perform competitively with other recent RNA force fields and to be compatible with OPLS-AA models for proteins and small molecules.
Specific Histidine Residues Confer Histatin Peptides with Copper-Dependent Activity against Candida albicans (2017)

The histidine-rich salivary peptides of the histatin family are known to bind copper (Cu) and other metal ions in vitro; however, the details of these interactions are poorly understood, and their implications for in vivo antifungal activity have not been established. Here, we show that the availability of Cu during exposure of Candida albicans to histatin-5 (Hist-5) modulates its antifungal activity. Antifungal susceptibility testing revealed that co-treatment of Hist-5 with Cu improved the EC<sub>50</sub> from ∼5 to ∼1 μM, whereas co-treatment with a high-affinity Cu-specific chelator abrogated antifungal activity. Spectrophotometric titrations revealed two previously unrecognized Cu(I)-binding sites with apparent K<sub>d</sub> values at pH 7.4, ∼20 nM, and confirmed a high-affinity Cu(II)-binding site at the Hist-5 N-terminus with an apparent K<sub>d</sub> of ∼8 pM. Evaluation of a series of His-to-Ala full-length and truncated Hist-5 peptides identified adjacent His residues (bis-His) as critical anchors for Cu(I) binding, with the presence of a third ligand revealed by X-ray absorption spectroscopy. On their own, the truncated peptides were ineffective at inhibiting the growth of C. albicans, but treatment with supplemental Cu resulted in EC<sub>50</sub> values down to ∼5 μM, approaching that of full-length Hist-5. The efficacy of the peptides depended on an intact bis-His site and correlated with Cu(I) affinity. Together, these results establish new structure-function relationships linking specific histidine residues with Cu binding affinity and antifungal activity and provide further evidence of the involvement of metals in modulating the biological activity of these antifungal peptides.
An easy microwave-assisted synthesis of C8-alkynyl adenine pyranonucleosides as novel cytotoxic antitumor agents (2015)

We describe the synthesis of C8-alkynyl adenine pyranonucleosides 4, 5, and 8-phenylethynyl-adenine (II), via Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction under microwave irradiation. Compounds 4e and II were less cytostatic than 5-fluorouracil (almost an order of magnitude) against murine leukemia (L1210) and human cervix carcinoma (HeLa) cells, while the same compounds proved to be more active than 5-fluorouracil against human lymphocyte (CEM) cells.
Replication infidelity during a single cycle of Ty1 retrotransposition. (1996)

Retroviruses undergo a high frequency of genetic alterations during the process of copying their RNA genomes. However, little is known about the replication fidelity of other elements that transpose via reverse transcription of an RNA intermediate. The complete sequence of 29 independently integrated copies of the yeast retrotransposon Ty1 (173,043 nt) was determined, and the mutation rate during a single cycle of replication was calculated. The observed base substitution rate of 2.5 x 10(-5) bp per replication cycle suggests that this intracellular element can mutate as rapidly as retroviruses. The pattern and distribution of errors in the Ty1 genome is nonrandom and provides clues to potential in vivo molecular mechanisms of reverse transcriptase-mediated error generation, including heterogeneous RNase H cleavage of Ty1 RNA, addition of terminal nontemplated bases, and transient dislocation and realignment of primer-templates. Overall, analysis of errors generated during Ty1 replication underscores the utility of a genetically tractable model system for the study of reverse transcriptase fidelity.
Preparation of functional coatings for display glass applications by sol-gel derived techniques (2001)

Loss-of-function mutations in the ATP13A2 (PARK9) gene are implicated in early-onset autosomal recessive Parkinson's disease (PD) and other neurodegenerative disorders. ATP13A2 encodes a lysosomal transmembrane P<sub>5B</sub>-type ATPase that is highly expressed in brain and specifically within the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). Recent studies have revealed its normal role as a lysosomal polyamine transporter, although its contribution to PD-related pathology remains unclear. Cellular studies report that ATP13A2 can regulate α-synuclein (α-syn) secretion via exosomes. However, the relationship between ATP13A2 and α-syn in animal models remains inconclusive. ATP13A2 knockout (KO) mice exhibit lysosomal abnormalities and reactive astrogliosis but do not develop PD-related neuropathology. Studies manipulating α-syn levels in mice lacking ATP13A2 indicate minimal effects on pathology. The delivery of α-syn preformed fibrils (PFFs) into the mouse striatum is a well-defined model to study the development and spread of α-syn pathology. In this study we unilaterally injected wild-type (WT) and homozygous ATP13A2 KO mice with mouse α-syn PFFs in the striatum and evaluated mice for neuropathology after 6 months. The distribution, spread and extent of α-syn aggregation in multiple regions of the mouse brain was largely independent of ATP13A2 expression. The loss of nigrostriatal pathway dopaminergic neurons and their nerve terminals induced by PFFs were equivalent in WT and ATP13A2 KO mice. Reactive astrogliosis was induced equivalently by α-syn PFFs in WT and KO mice but was already significantly higher in ATP13A2 KO mice due to pre-existing reactive gliosis. We did not identify asymmetric motor disturbances, microglial activation, or axonal damage induced by α-syn PFFs in WT or KO mice. Although α-syn PFFs induce an increase in lysosomal number in the SNc in general, TH-positive dopaminergic neurons did not exhibit either increased lysosomal area or intensity, regardless of genotype. Our study evaluating the spread of α-syn pathology reveals no exacerbation of α-syn pathology, neuronal loss, astrogliosis or motor deficits in ATP13A2 KO mice, suggesting that selective lysosomal abnormalities resulting from ATP13A2 loss do not play a major role in α-syn clearance or propagation in vivo.
Objectively Evaluating High Dynamic Range and Wide Color Gamut Color Differences (2017)

Color accuracy plays a vital role in the motion picture and television industry, where it is analyzed all the way from lighting during production, through compression, to television sets in the home. The most common metric used for evaluating color quality is ΔE2000. This metric was designed using standard-dynamic-range signals and is based upon the perceptually nonuniform L*a*b* color space. It has not yet been well tested or optimized for high-dynamic-range and wide-color-gamut signals. In this paper, we will present an extension to existing color difference data sets that includes data from high-dynamicrange and wide-color-gamut displays. From these results, we propose an alternative color differencing metric, ΔIC <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">P</sub> , which improves the performance and efficiency of objectively evaluating color accuracy.
Spin-torque switchable perpendicular magnetic junctions for solid-state memory (2011)

PMA spin-torque switchable junctions have been demonstrated with lower switching current and faster switching speed compared to IMA devices. They are promising for further technology exploration in solid-state memory applications.