gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Growth and Scintillation Properties of Pr Doped $({\hbox {Gd}},{\hbox {Y}})_{3}({\hbox {Ga}},{\hbox {Al}})_{5} {\hbox {O}}_{12}$ Single Crystals (2012)

Pr: (Gd,Y) <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> (Ga,Al) <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</sub> single crystals were grown by the μ-PD method with RF heating system. Pr <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> 5d-4f emission within 300-350 nm, Pr <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> 4f-4f emission within 480-650 nm and Gd <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> 4f-4f emission at 310 nm are observed in Pr: (Gd,Y) <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> (Ga,Al) <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</sub> crystals. In order to determine light yield, the energy spectra were measured under 662 keV γ-ray excitation ( <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">137</sup> Cs source), detected by a PMT H6521 (Hamamatsu). The light output of Pr1%:Gd <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> Y <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</sub> sample was of about one fifth of that of the Cz grown Pr:LuAG standard sample, i.e., around 4,000 photon/MeV. Two component scintillation decay shows the decay times (intensity) of 5.7 ns(5%), 38.7 ns (31%) and 187 ns (63%) using the PMT and digital oscilloscope TDS5032B detection.
Development of a Durable PEMFC Start-Up Process by Applying a Dummy Load (2009)

To investigate the effect of an application of a dummy load during the start-up procedure on the degradations of a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) exposed to the 1200 repetitive start-up–shutdown cycling, this paper uses a variety of physicochemical methods such as online analysis, field-emission-scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray, electron probe microanalysis, X-ray diffraction, field-emission transmission electron microscopy, selected-area electron diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transformation infrared, and inductively coupled plasma. After the 1200 start-up–shutdown cycles, a pronounced particle size growth/agglomeration/oxidation/dissolution of the Pt catalysts and corrosion of the carbon support were observed at the cathode catalyst layer when starting up a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) without a dummy load, which significantly contributed to the losses of active Pt surface area and Pt mass for electrochemical reactions, and thus the degradation of cell performance. However, applying a dummy load during the start-up procedure remarkably mitigated such severe degradations and should be used to improve the durability of MEAs during start-up–shutdown cycling of PEMFCs. Degradations at the anode and membrane were not as severe as those observed at the cathode.
Towards a true spherical camera (2009)

We present the design of a spherical imaging system with the following properties: (i) A 4&pi; field of view that enables it to "see" in all directions; (ii) a single center of projection to avoid parallax within the field of view; and (iii) a uniform spatial and angular resolution in order to achieve a uniform sampling of the field of view. Our design consists of a spherical (ball) lens encased within a spherical detector shell. The detector shell has a uniform distribution of sensing elements, but with free space between neighboring elements, thereby making the detector partly transparent to light. We determine the optimal dimensions of the sensing elements and the diameter of the detector shell that produce the most compact point spread function. The image captured with such a camera has minimal blur and can be deblurred using spherical deconvolution. Current solid state technologies do not permit the fabrication of a high resolution spherical detector array. Therefore, in order to verify our design, we have built a prototype spherical camera with a single sensing element, which can scan a spherical image one pixel at a time.
Adaptation of Range-Doppler Algorithm for Efficient Beamforming of Monostatic and Multistatic Ultrasound Signals (2022)

Algorithmic changes that increase beamforming speed have become increasingly relevant to processing synthetic aperture (SA) ultrasound data. In particular, beamforming SA data in a spatio-temporal frequency domain using the F-k (Stolt) migration have been shown to reduce the beamforming time by up to two orders of magnitude compared with the conventional delay-and-sum (DAS) beamforming, and it has been used in applications where large amounts of raw data make real-time frame rates difficult to attain, such as multistatic SA imaging and plane-wave Doppler imaging with large ensemble lengths. However, beamforming signals in a spatio-temporal Fourier space can require loading large blocks of data at once, making it memory-intensive and less suited for parallel (i.e., multithreaded) processing. As an alternative, we propose beamforming in a range-Doppler (RD) frequency domain using the range-Doppler algorithm (RDA) that has originally been developed for SA radar (SAR) imaging. Through simulation and phantom experiments, we show that RDA achieves similar lateral resolution and contrast compared with DAS and F-k migration. At the same time, higher axial sidelobes in RDA images can be reduced via (temporal) frequency binning. Like the F-k migration, RDA significantly reduces the overall number of computations relative to DAS, and it achieves ten times lower processing time on a single CPU. Because RDA uses only a spatial Fourier transform (FT), it requires two times less memory than the F-k migration to process the simulated multistatic data and can be executed on as many as a thousand parallel threads (compared with eight parallel threads for the F-k migration), making it more suitable for implementation on modern graphics processing units (GPUs). While RDA is not as parallelizable as DAS, it is expected to hold a significant speed advantage on devices with moderate parallel processing capabilities (up to several thousand cores), such as point-of-care and low-cost ultrasound devices.
Towards Automated Machine Learning: Evaluation and Comparison of AutoML Approaches and Tools (2019)

There has been considerable growth and interest in industrial applications of machine learning (ML) in recent years. ML engineers, as a consequence, are in high demand across the industry, yet improving the efficiency of ML engineers remains a fundamental challenge. Automated machine learning (AutoML) has emerged as a way to save time and effort on repetitive tasks in ML pipelines, such as data pre-processing, feature engineering, model selection, hyperparameter optimization, and prediction result analysis. In this paper, we investigate the current state of AutoML tools aiming to automate these tasks. We conduct various evaluations of the tools on many datasets, in different data segments, to examine their performance, and compare their advantages and disadvantages on different test cases.
A Time Resolved DPIV In-Vitro Evaluation of Coronary Stents in Realistic Conditions: Part I — Influence of Stent Configuration (2008)

Cardiovascular disease has historically been the leading cause of death in the US [1], and coronary artery disease in particular accounts for over fifty percent of these deaths [1]. Since their approval in 1994, coronary stents have become one of the leading treatments for this disease. However, problems persist in both bare metal and drug-eluting stents (DESs) with long-term restenosis and thrombosis. It is well accepted that disruptions in arterial wall shear stress (WSS), especially low WSS, are linked to alterations in the endothelial cell layer, atherosclerosis, and thrombogenesis [2], although the exact mechanisms are still uncertain, and studies have shown that stent design is closely linked to clinical outcomes [3].
Optical labeling technique using wavelength-offset polarization division multiplexing (2006)

An optical labeling technique using wavelength-offset polarization division multiplexing (PDM) is proposed and demonstrated. Unlike the conventional PDM technique, the proposed technique can suppress the effects of crosstalk induced by polarization variation.
Demonstration of passively Q-switched multiple quantum wells two-section InGaAs/AlGaInAs diode laser (2003)

We present the first demonstration, to our knowledge, of passive Q-switching in InGaAs/AlGaInAs laser diodes. The Q-switched laser devices were based on a ridge waveguide structure fabricated by dry etching using a CH/sub 4//H/sub 2/ process to a depth of 1.6 /spl mu/m. After subsequent SiO/sub 2/ isolation and contact window etching, p- and n-contacts were deposited and annealed at 360 /spl deg/C. In Multiple Quantum Well (MQW) material, a reverse bias section can be used as a saturable absorber which can then either passively Q-switch or mode-lock the laser depending on the relative length of the gain and absorber section. In the devices presented here, the p-contact is split into two sections, one of which is forward biased, the other reverse biased, forming a gain section and saturable absorber both monolithically integrated in a single laser chip. The device dimensions were 450 /spl mu/m long gain section with 50 /spl mu/m long absorber.
Highlights of the 2012 congress of the society for melanoma research, 8–11 November 2012, Hollywood, CA (2013)

The 2012 Congress of the Society for Melanoma Research was attended by researchers with widespread expertise in basic, translational, and clinical research. Exciting research has led to the discovery of therapies to target mutations found in melanoma; however, it is clear that much still needs to be learned about how to use these therapies and the role of the microenvironment in therapy resistance and melanoma progression. This summary highlights recent discoveries in genetics and epigenetics, biology, immunotherapy, and targeted therapies for melanoma discussed at this year's meeting.
Electrophilic Amination and Azidation of Chiral α-Alkyl Phosphonamides: Asymmetric Syntheses of α-Amino α-Alkyl Phosphonic Acids† (1994)

Stereoselective electrophilic aminations of chiral non racemic α-alkyl phosphonamides, derived from N,N′-dimethyl (R,R)-1,2-diamino-cyclohexane, proceed with moderate to excellent enantioselectivities. The products are hydrolyzed and reduced to the corresponding α-alkyl α-amino phosphonic acids. The sense of asymmetric induction was confirmed by X-ray crystal structure analysis.
Supplementary Table 1 from Inhibitor-Sensitive FGFR2 and FGFR3 Mutations in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 80K, Patient details in lung SqCC patients containing FGFR mutations.&lt;/p&gt;
Mullerian Inhibitory Substance Induces Growth of Rat Preantral Ovarian Follicles1 (2001)

Müllerian inhibitory substance (MIS), also known as anti-Müllerian hormone, is best known as the hormone that regulates the regression of the Müllerian duct in males. In females, MIS is expressed in granulosa cells of preantral and early antral follicles. The specific MIS type II receptor is present in granulosa and theca cells of these small, growing follicles. Because the role of MIS in preantral follicle development is unknown, we have evaluated the effect of MIS on the growth, differentiation, and apoptosis of intact preantral follicles in a serum-free culture system. In this system, treatment with FSH induces an increase in both follicle diameter, cell number, and follicle cell differentiation based on increased inhibin-alpha synthesis. Of interest, treatment with MIS enhances the effect of FSH both on follicle diameter and cell number. Although treatment with activin A also enhances FSH effects on follicle growth, treatment with transforming growth factor (TGF)-ss inhibits the FSH effects on follicle growth. Based on in situ staining of fragmented DNA, MIS was found to have no effect on follicle cell apoptosis, unlike its proapoptotic action on Müllerian ducts. In contrast to MIS and activin, TGF-ss was a potent proapoptotic factor for preantral follicles in culture. Analysis of inhibin-alpha expression of cultured preantral follicles further indicated that in contrast to activin, treatment with MIS did not enhance FSH-stimulated follicle differentiation. Thus, MIS is a unique factor that promotes preantral follicle growth but not preantral follicle cell differentiation and apoptosis.
Regulation of Macropinocytosis by Diacylglycerol Kinase ζ (2015)

Macropinosomes arise from the closure of plasma membrane ruffles to bring about the nonselective uptake of nutrients and solutes into cells. The morphological changes underlying ruffle formation and macropinosome biogenesis are driven by actin cytoskeleton rearrangements under the control of the Rho GTPase Rac1. We showed previously that Rac1 is activated by diacylglycerol kinase (DGK), which phosphorylates diacylglycerol to yield phosphatidic acid. Here, we show DGK is required for optimal macropinocytosis induced by growth factor stimulation of mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Time-lapse imaging of live cells and quantitative analysis revealed DGK was associated with membrane ruffles and nascent macropinosomes. Macropinocytosis was attenuated in DGK-null cells, as determined by live imaging and vaccinia virus uptake experiments. Moreover, macropinosomes that did form in DGK-null cells were smaller than those found in wild type cells. Rescue of this defect required DGK catalytic activity, consistent with it also being required for Rac1 activation. A constitutively membrane bound DGK mutant substantially increased the size of macropinosomes and potentiated the effect of a constitutively active Rac1 mutant on macropinocytosis. Collectively, our results suggest DGK functions in concert with Rac1 to regulate macropinocytosis.
Solid-state NMR studies on the mechanism of the opsin shift in the visual pigment rhodopsin (1990)

Solid-state 13C NMR spectra have been obtained of bovine rhodopsin and isorhodopsin regenerated with retinal selectively 13C labeled along the polyene chain. In rhodopsin, the chemical shifts for 13C-5, 13C-6, 13C-7, 13C-14, and 13C-15 correspond closely to the chemical shifts observed in the 11-cis protonated Schiff base (PSB) model compound. Differences in chemical shift relative to the 11-cis PSB chloride salt are observed for positions 8 through 13, with the largest deshielding (6.2 ppm) localized at position 13. The localized deshielding at C-13 supports previous models of the opsin shift in rhodopsin that place a protein perturbation in the vicinity of position 13. Spectra obtained of isorhodopsin regenerated with 13C-labeled 9-cis-retinals reveal large perturbations at 13C-7 and 13C-13. The similar deshielding of the 13C-13 resonance in both pigments supports the presence of a protein perturbation near position 13. However, the chemical shifts at positions 7 and 12 in isorhodopsin are not analogous to those observed in rhodopsin and suggest that the binding site interactions near these positions are different for the two pigments. The implications of these results for the mechanism of the opsin shift in these proteins are discussed.
Production of a Recombinant Antibody Specific for i Blood Group Antigen, a Mesenchymal Stem Cell Marker (2013)

Multipotent mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) offer great promise for future regenerative and anti-inflammatory therapies. Panels of functional and phenotypical markers are currently used in characterization of different therapeutic stem cell populations from various sources. The i antigen (linear poly-N-acetyllactosamine) from the Ii blood group system has been suggested as a marker for MSCs derived from umbilical cord blood (UCB). However, there are currently no commercially available antibodies recognizing the i antigen. In the present study, we describe the use of antibody phage display technology to produce recombinant antibodies recognizing a structure from the surface of mesenchymal stem cells. We constructed IgM phage display libraries from the lymphocytes of a donor with an elevated serum anti-i titer. Antibody phage display technology is not dependent on immunization and thus allows the generation of antibodies against poorly immunogenic molecules, such as carbohydrates. Agglutination assays utilizing i antigen-positive red blood cells (RBCs) from UCB revealed six promising single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibodies, three of which recognized epitopes from the surface of UCB-MSCs in flow cytometric assays. The amino acid sequence of the VH gene segment of B12.2 scFv was highly similar to the VH4.21 gene segment required to encode anti-i specificities. Further characterization of binding properties revealed that the binding of B12.2 hyperphage was inhibited by soluble linear lactosamine oligosaccharide. Based on these findings, we suggest that the B12.2 scFv we have generated is a prominent anti-i antibody that recognizes i antigen on the surface of both UCB-MSCs and RBCs. This binder can thus be utilized in UCB-MSC detection and isolation as well as in blood group serology.
An Intelligent Feature Analyzer for Handwritten Character Recognition (2006)

This paper is concerned with the development of an efficient feature analyzer for handwritten character recognition. Feature analyzer presented in this paper can reduce the large domain of feature space and extract invariable information. Feature extraction has been viewed from multi dimensional perspective. To cope with the fuzziness of the recognition problem, a nonlinear classifier based on back propagation algorithm was used for classification. Generalizing capability of the system was increased by using ensemble of neural networks instead of using regular neural network. Training and testing using 10 fold cross validation and resultant impressive recognition accuracy (more than 90%) proves the effectiveness of the scheme
[The use of monoclonal anti-M and anti-N antibodies in forensic medicine]. (1991)

Anti-M and anti-N monoclonal antibodies (MA) may be useful for bloodstain analysis by absorption-elution reaction. In order to detect N antigen in bloodstains aged up to 4 weeks the material tested must be treated by methanol. The material fixation is not recommended for analysis of "aged" bloodstains as well as for M antigen detection. Anti-M MA may be used for analysis of liquid blood using agglutination reaction.
Post-Exercise Muscle Protein Synthesis in Rats after Ingestion of Acidified Bovine Milk Compared with Skim Milk (2017)

Bovine milk proteins have a low absorption rate due to gastric acid-induced coagulation. Acidified milk remains liquid under acidic conditions; therefore, the absorption rate of its protein may differ from that of untreated milk. To investigate how this would affect muscle protein synthesis (MPS), we compared MPS after ingestion of acidified versus skim milk in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats swam for 2 h and were immediately administered acidified or skim milk, then euthanized at 30, 60, 90, and 120 min afterwards. Triceps muscle samples were excised for assessing fractional synthetic rate (FSR), plasma components, intramuscular free amino acids and mTOR signaling. The FSR in the acidified milk group was significantly higher than in the skim milk group throughout the post-ingestive period. Plasma essential amino acids, leucine, and insulin levels were significantly increased in the acidified milk group at 30 min after administration compared to the skim milk group. In addition, acidified milk ingestion was associated with greater phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt) and ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6K1), and sustained phosphorylation of 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1). These results indicate that compared with untreated milk, acidified milk ingestion is associated with greater stimulation of post-exercise MPS.
Preparation of some novel S-nitroso compounds as potential slow-release agents of nitric oxide in vivo (1994)

The optimum conditions for the preparation of N-acetyl-S-nitrosopenicillamine (SNAP)3 were determined and applied to the synthesis of the corresponding N-formyl compound 7. The nitrosation of penicillamine dipeptides was investigated and bis-thionitroso compounds 13, 18, 26 and 27 were isolated. S, S′-Dinitroso dithiol 13 showed biological activity akin to that of glyceryl trinitrate in decreasing systemic arterial blood pressure in anaesthetized rats and rabbits. Concomitant inhibition of collagen- or ADP-induced platelet aggregation was observed.
Latest Developments in Wear Prediction of Strip Seals Through Conductance (2004)

This paper discusses the latest developments in the ability to predict wear of strip seals in turbine engines. Caulked-in continuous strip seals are a common form of seals employed on both the rotating and stationary components of gas and/or steam turbines. These seals perform best when minimum clearances are achieved during the steady state operation of the turbine, and when a sharp tip profile can be maintained. However, interference between the stationary and rotating seal components often occurs during transient periods of startup, shutdown and hot re-start. In the case of the strip seals, this leads primarily to wear of the strip, which increases leakage and reduces turbine performance. The aim of this paper is to present the latest findings showing that thermal conductivity through the strip and into the body mass in which it is caulked are the primary factors in controlling seal wear within the range of materials and parameters tested. This paper will discuss the latest experimental validation of a model that uses thermal conductivity and geometry of the strip in predicting wear during high speed rubs against a proprietary material.
Sparse Signal Recovery and Acquisition with Graphical Models (2010)

A great deal of theoretic and algorithmic research has revolved around sparsity view of signals over the last decade to characterize new, sub-Nyquist sampling limits as well as tractable algorithms for signal recovery from dimensionality reduced measurements. Despite the promising advances made, real-life applications require more realistic signal models that can capture the underlying, application-dependent order of sparse coefficients, better sampling matrices with information preserving properties that can be implemented in practical systems, and ever faster algorithms with provable recovery guarantees for real-time operation.