gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thoracic and lumbar spine responses in high-speed rear sled tests (2018)

The design and performance of seats have significantly changed over the past 20 years. Modern seats use a perimeter frame allowing the occupant to pocket into the seatback. Higher and more forward head restraints allow a stronger frame because the head, neck, and torso are more uniformly supported with the seat more upright in severe rear impacts. The overall effect has been a reduction in thoracic and lumbar loads and risks for injury.
Metamaterials composed of fractal sphere molecules (2004)

The properties of artificial dielectric metamaterials depend primarily on the type of inclusions or "molecules" considered as well as their distribution in a host medium. Some common types of molecule geometries that were considered in the past for artificial dielectric materials include simple dipoles and spheres. We consider a fractal sphere approach combining aspects of both the dipole and sphere resulting in an inclusion with a greater number of resonances and resonant behavior at lower frequencies than either their dipole or sphere counterparts of the same size. The results of this investigation suggest that the fractal sphere molecules allow us to push the lower frequency band and, in some instances, also provide multiband response.
Redetermination of tetrakis(trimethylstannyl)germane (2007)

Redetermination of the structure of the title compound, [Ge(SnMe(3))(4)] or [GeSn(4)(CH(3))(12)], previously refined from powder diffraction data only [Dinnebier, Bernatowicz, Helluy, Sebald, Wunschel, Fitch & van Smaalen et al. (2002 ▶). Acta Cryst. B58, 52-61], confirms that four bulky trimethyl-stannyl ligands surround the central Ge atom (site symmetry 1) in a tetra-hedral coordination.
Preclinical Therapeutic Efficacy of a Novel Pharmacologic Inducer of Apoptosis in Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors (2013)

Neurofibromatosis type I (NF1) is an autosomal disorder that affects neural crest-derived tissues, leading to a wide spectrum of clinical presentations. Patients commonly present with plexiform neurofibromas, benign but debilitating growths that can transform into malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST), a main cause of mortality. Currently, surgery is the primary course of treatment for MPNST, but with the limitation that these tumors are highly invasive. Radiotherapy is another treatment option, but is undesirable because it can induce additional mutations. Patients with MPNST may also receive doxorubicin as therapy, but this DNA-intercalating agent has relatively low tumor specificity and limited efficacy. In this study, we exploited a robust genetically engineered mouse model of MPNST that recapitulates human NF1-associated MPNST to identify a novel small chemical compound that inhibits tumor cell growth. Compound 21 (Cpd21) inhibits growth of all available in vitro models of MPNST and human MPNST cell lines, while remaining nontoxic to normally dividing Schwann cells or mouse embryonic fibroblasts. We show that this compound delays the cell cycle and leads to cellular apoptosis. Moreover, Cpd21 can reduce MPNST burden in a mouse allograft model, underscoring the compound's potential as a novel chemotherapeutic agent.
18-F-Markierte Phenylpiperazine als neue Strukturmotive für spezifische Dopamin D4-Rezeptorliganden (2019)

Die Rolle des Dopamin D4-Rezeptor Subtyps in Zusammenhang mit neurogenerativen Erkrankungen wie Schizophrenie wird schon seit einigen Jahrzehnten diskutiert, jedoch fehlt es bislang an spezifischen PET-Tracern für eingehendere präklinische und klinische Untersuchungen. Zielsetzung dieser Arbeit war die Synthese von D4R-Radioliganden, die über konventionelle radiochemische Methoden bisher nicht zugänglich waren. Diese enthalten als wichtiges Strukturelement Phenylpiperazin, das in ortho-Position F-18 markiert ist. Die ausgewählten nicht-radioaktiven Zielstrukturen zeigen hohe D4R Subtypselektivitäten sowie geeignete LogP Werte für die PET-Bildgebung.
Identification of a Functional Network of Human Epigenetic Silencing Factors (2009)

Epigenetic silencing is mediated by families of factors that place, remove, read, and transmit repressive histone and DNA methylation marks on chromatin. How the roles for these functionally diverse factors are specified and integrated is the subject of intense study. To address these questions, HeLa cells harboring epigenetically silent green fluorescent protein reporter genes were interrogated with a small interference RNA library targeting 200 predicted epigenetic regulators, including potential activators, silencers, chromatin remodelers, and ancillary factors. Using this approach, individual, or combinatorial requirements for specific epigenetic silencing factors could be detected by measuring green fluorescent protein reactivation after small interference RNA-based factor knockdown. In our analyses, we identified a specific subset of 15 epigenetic factors that are candidates for participation in a functional epigenetic silencing network in human cells. These factors include histone deacetylase 1, de novo DNA methyltransferase 3A, components of the polycomb PRC1 complex (RING1 and HPH2), and the histone lysine methyltransferases KMT1E and KMT5C. Roles were also detected for two TRIM protein family members, the cohesin component Rad21, and the histone chaperone CHAF1A (CAF-1 p150). Remarkably, combinatorial knockdown of factors was not required for reactivation, indicating little functional redundancy. Consistent with this interpretation, knockdown of either KMT1E or CHAF1A resulted in a loss of multiple histone-repressive marks and concomitant gain of activation marks on the promoter during reactivation. These results reveal how functionally diverse factors may cooperate to maintain gene silencing during normal development or in disease. Furthermore, the findings suggest an avenue for discovery of new targets for epigenetic therapies.
Supplementary Table 1 from Discovery of a Mutant-Selective Covalent Inhibitor of EGFR that Overcomes T790M-Mediated Resistance in NSCLC (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table 1 - PDF file 114K, Kinase selectivity profiling of CO-1686&lt;/p&gt;
Effect of emulsifier and droplet size on the antibacterial properties of emulsions and emulsion‐based films containing essential oil compounds (2021)

In this study, the physical properties and antibacterial activity of emulsions prepared through four different combinations of essential oils (EOs) (trans-cinnamaldehyde [TC] and citral) and emulsifiers (sodium caseinate and lecithin) were investigated. The results showed that the four different nanoemulsions had nanometric sizes ranging from 142.3 to 273.1 nm, exhibiting high negative zeta potential (−25.3 to −42.7 mV) at pH 7. Nanoemulsions containing TC exhibited higher antimicrobial activities against Escherichia coli and Listeria innocua than nanoemulsions containing citral irrespective of the emulsifier used. These nanoemulsions were then incorporated into low methoxyl pectin films and the obtained results showed that films containing TC stabilized by sodium caseinate had a larger inhibition zone than the one stabilized by lecithin irrespective of the EO used. Finally, the obtained results showed that nanosized emulsions were more stable than microsized ones, but no significant differences were observed concerning their antibacterial activity. Practical applications This work should be an interesting basis for developing innovative antimicrobial packaging containing nanoemulsions. The interfacial membrane that surrounds the droplets of the emulsified antimicrobial provides an additional barrier that the active agent should cross before leaving the polymer matrix of the packaging film. Thus, the release kinetics will be modified and the efficiency could be improved.
Skew aberration analysis (2012)

Skew aberration is an intrinsic rotation of polarization states due to the geometric transformation of local coordinates via parallel transport of vectors. Skew aberration is a component of polarization aberration but is independent of the incident polarization state or the coatings applied to the optical interface. Skew aberration occurs even for rays propagating through ideal, aberration-free, and non-polarizing optical systems. Skew aberration is typically a small effect in optical systems but it should be of concern in microlithography optics and other polarization sensitive systems with high numerical aperture and large field of view. The variation of skew aberration across the exit pupil causes undesired polarization components in the exit pupil. Typically cross polarized satellites form around the point spread function (PSF). The PSF and optical transfer function (OTF) are different from ideal PSF or OTF and thus the image quality can be degraded. In the presence of polarization aberration, the scalar PSF and OTF can be generalized to a two-by-two point spread matrix (PSM) or optical transfer matrix (OTM) in Jones matrix notation. We demonstrate analysis of skew aberration effects separate from other polarization aberrations by using a two-by-two PSM and OTM of the U.S. patent 2,896,506. We demonstrate a relationship between skew aberration, Lagrange invariant and the sum of the individual surface powers of the system, using paraxial optics.
An electrically tunable optical zoom system using two composite liquid crystal lenses with a large zoom ratio (2011)

An electrically tunable-focusing optical zoom system using two composite LC lenses with a large zoom ratio is demonstrated. The optical principle is investigated. To enhance the electrically tunable focusing range of the negative lens power of the LC lens for a large zoom ratio, we adopted two composite LC lenses. Each composite LC lens consists of a sub-LC lens and a planar polymeric lens. The zoom ratio of the optical zooming system reaches ~7.9:1 and the object can be zoomed in or zoomed out continuously at the objective distance of infinity to 10 cm. The potential applications are cell phones, cameras, telescope and pico projectors.
A Study of Inhomogeneous Schottky Diodes on n-Type 4H-SiC (2006)

In this study, we performed a statistical analysis of 500 Ni Schottky diodes distributed across a 2-inch, n-type 4H-SiC wafer with an epilayer grown by chemical vapor deposition. A majority of the diodes displayed ideal thermionic emission when under forward bias, whereas some diodes showed ‘double-barrier’ characteristics with a ‘knee’ in the low-voltage log I vs. V plot. X-ray topography (XRT) and polarized light microscopy (PLM) revealed no correlations between screw dislocations and micropipes and the presence of double-barrier diodes. Depth resolved cathodoluminescence (DRCLS) indicated that certain deep-level states are associated with the observed electrical variations.
Cone-beam tomography with a digital camera (2001)

We show that x-ray computer tomography algorithms can be applied with minimal alteration to the three-dimensional reconstruction of visible sources. Diffraction and opacity affect visible systems more severely than x-ray systems. For camera-based tomography, diffraction can be neglected for objects within the depth of field. We show that, for convex objects, opacity has the effect of windowing the angular observation range and thus blurring the reconstruction. For concave objects, opacity leads to nonlinearity in the transformation from object to reconstruction and may cause multiple objects to map to the same reconstruction. In x-ray tomography, the contribution of an object point to a line integral is independent of the orientation of the line. In optical tomography, however, a Lambertian assumption may be more realistic. We derive an expression for the blur function (the patch response) for a Lambertian source. We present experimental results showing cone-beam reconstruction of an incoherently illuminated opaque object.
Phase 2b trial results of padeliporfin (WST11 or Tookad) vascular-targeted photodynamic therapy for partial gland ablation in men with intermediate-risk prostate cancer. (2021)

e17006 Background: Padeliporfin (WST11) vascular-targeted photodynamic therapy (VTP) has shown significant clinical benefit as a localized partial gland ablation (PGA) therapy when compared to active surveillance for low-risk prostate cancer, by curbing progression and the need for radical treatment, leading to its regulatory approval in Europe. This phase 2b trial prospectively investigated WST11-VTP for intermediate-risk cancers. Methods: Men with unilateral Grade Group 2 (GG2) cancers (Gleason 3+4), evaluated with MRI and ultrasound-guided (TRUS) biopsy, underwent up to two WST11-VTP PGA sessions. Eligibility criteria included &lt;cT2b, PSA &lt; 10, and fusion biopsy for PIRADS 3+ lesions on pretreatment MRI. Contralateral very low–risk disease was observed. The primary endpoint was prevalence of any Gleason Grade 4 or 5 (≥GG2) cancer, determined by MRI and systematic, 14-core TRUS biopsy of the entire gland (+/- fusion) at 3 and 12 months after treatment. Treatment safety and patient-reported quality of life for sexual and urinary function were assessed with validated questionnaires (IIEF-15 and IPSS, respectively). The study was powered using β = 0.2 to reject the null hypothesis (r≤70%), using a one-sided exact binomial test with 5% alpha risk. To be valid, 44 evaluable patients were required for the 12-month primary endpoint assessment. Results: Of the 50 men treated, 46 were evaluable for the 12-month primary endpoint. Before 12 months, 1 man proceeded to prostatectomy (treatment failure), 2 men refused 12-month biopsy, and 1 man died of COVID-19. At 3 months, 12/49 (24%) men underwent per protocol second WST11-VTP PGA session for GG2 tumor: 9 for residual cancer and 4 for newly identified contralateral GG2 tumors (1 bilateral). The 12-month biopsy was performed in 45 men; 38 (83%) had no Gleason grade 4 or 5 cancer, including 11/12 (92%) patients who underwent 2 PGA sessions. By 3 months, median decline in erectile function score (IIEF-5) from baseline was -1.0 (IQR -7,0). Median improvement in urinary function score (IPSS) was -1.0 (IQR -1,5), with pad-free continence observed in all patients. Median change in IIEF score by 12-months was -1.0 (IQR -5,0). Grade 3 treatment-related adverse events occurred in 6 (12%) patients. All procedure-related prostate/pelvic pain resolved by 3 weeks. Conclusions: The positive results from this trial show that WST11-VTP is effective for PGA of intermediate-risk prostate cancer, with minimal toxicity or impact on urinary and sexual function, consistent with the phase 3 trial results in low-risk disease. Based on these data, this therapy bears consideration for approval as a conservative therapeutic option for selected cases of intermediate-risk disease. Clinical trial information: NCT03315754.
A Statistical Comparison of the Behavior of the Perchlorate Internal Standard in Microbore and Capillary Format IC-ESI-MS/MS A Statistical Comparison of the Behavior of the Perchlorate Internal Standard in Microbore and Capillary Format IC-ESI-MS/MS (2008)

When a mass spectrometer with an electrospray interface is used as a quantitative detector, such as in an IC-MS/MS system, use of internal standards is normally recommended, preferably stable-labeled isotopic internals standards. Internal standards are used to correct for method and system variations, run-to-run, including suppression of analyte signal due to the presence of matrix components. Since the stablelabeled forms are used, the internal standard co-elutes with the analyte and is thus subjected to the same variations as the analyte. There can be signal suppression depending on the concentration ratio of the analyte and internal standard, and this effect should be investigated over the expected range of the calibration plot. The use of internal standards is a well-accepted technique for LC-MS and IC-MS methods where quantification is needed. US EPA method 332.0 covers the determination of perchlorate in water using IC-MS and IC-MS/MS with internal-standard calibration. The internal standard is an 18 O-labeled perchlorate. This method covers a very low concentration range, low ppt to low ppb, in water. Using standard statistical algorithms such as those available in chromatography software packages, it is common to achieve correlation coefficients of 0.999–0.9999 with internal standard calibration over the calibration range of 0.05–20 ppb using a 100 µL injection volume in deionized water. External standard calibration can provide R 2 values of 0.998-0.999 under the same conditions. No literature to date has discussed wider (higher) calibration ranges or has taken a close look at the performance of internal standards in wide calibration ranges.
Perioperative and readmission rates in open and robotic assisted radical cystectomy: A National Cancer Database analysis. (2017)

337 Background: Perioperative mortality and readmission rates are evolving metrics of care being monitored in radical cystectomies (RC). We aim to evaluate these outcomes in open radical cystectomies (ORC) and robotic assisted radical cystectomies (RARC) reported in the National Cancer Database adjusted by surgery type. Methods: Using the National Cancer Database, patients treated with RC from 2003 to 2010 were identified. We evaluated the association between 90-day conditional mortality and readmission with respect to surgery type, adjusted by patient (age, gender, race/ethnicity, Charlson-Deyo score, tumor type, clinical stage, margin status and receipt of neoadjuvant chemo-or radiotherapy) and facility characteristics (overall cystectomy volume and facility type [Academic/Research, Comprehensive Community, or other]). Results: 16,923 RC cases (13,236 ORC, 3,687 RARC) were identified with 480 deaths (3.6%) after ORC and 99 deaths (2.7%) after RARC within 90 days, conditional upon surviving 30 days post-surgery. Comparing &lt;3 ORC/year to &gt;20 ORC/year, 90-day overall conditional mortality rates decreased from 4.0% to 2.5%. In stratified analyses, 90-day conditional mortality rates decreased from 4.2% to 2.7% for ORC and 2.7% to 2.0% for RARC. Center volume was strongly associated with 90-day conditional survival (p=0.002), independent of surgery type. In multivariable analysis of 90-day conditional mortality, age (OR=1.03, 95% CI: 1.02-1.04, p&lt;0.0001), comorbidites (OR=1.4, 95% CI: 1.12-1.6, p=0.0005), margin rates (OR=3.5,95% CI: 2.9-4.3, p&lt;0.0001) as well as facility volume (OR=0.99, 95% CI: 0.98-1.00, p=0.001), were predictive of 90-day conditional mortality. Cystectomy volume did not predict 30 day readmission, but Charlson-Deyo score 1-2 (OR=1.274, 1.112-1.461 95% CI, p=0.0005) and receipt of neoadjuvant chemo- or radiotherapy (OR=1.161, 1.032-1.307 95% CI, p=0.0134) were significantly associated with 30-day readmission. Conclusions: Patients were less likely to incur death following robotic or open cystectomy within 90 days as institutional cystectomy volume increased. 30 day readmission rates were not influenced by institutional cystectomy volume.
PSII-16 Enterid Reduced E. Coli Colonization in the Gastro-Intestinal Tract of Young Pigs (2022)

Abstract The aim of the present study is to assess the impact of Enterid feed additive (PMI Additives) on the health status of newly-weaned pigs challenged with Enterotoxigenic E. coli (F4/K88). Seventy-two newly-weaned piglets of mixed sex were weighed and sorted into groups of 12 pens (3 gilts and 3 barrows each pen). Each pen was then randomly assigned into 1 of 3 treatments, consisting of a non-challenged group (NC), E.coli-challenged group (ETEC), and ETEC supplemented with 0.10% Enterid. Pigs were treated with Baytril upon arrival and were provided their respective diets and water ad libitum. All pigs except NC were challenged with F4/K88 strain 181016 E. coli on d 10 and d 11. Clinical observations (fecal scores, respiration rate, appetite, attitude, edema), rectal temperature and E. coli shedding were measured daily beginning on d9 until the end of the study (d 20). Clinical outcomes were analyzed using Mixed procedure in SAS following a completely randomized design with initial weight as covariate and day post challenge as a repeated measure parameter. Clinical measurements, except fecal scores, were all rated normal and so were not analyzed statistically. There were no differences among treatments in E. coli shedding prior to the challenge (2.3 log cfu/ml, P &amp;gt; 0.20). Immediately post challenge, however, E. coli shedding for the ETEC increased by 12 log (14.4 log cfu/ml, P &amp;lt; 0.05) and remained elevated for 4-5 d. Supplementation with Enterid resulted in a 2-log reduction in E. coli shedding during the first 3 d post-challenge (P &amp;lt; 0.10) and returned to pre-challenge level after 5 d. No clear differences in rectal temperature were observed among treatments. E. coli challenge resulted in poorer fecal quality (d3-5, P &amp;lt; 0.05), with Enterid not influencing the response (P &amp;gt; 0.20). The current results support the ability of Enterid to reduce E. coli colonization in the gut of pigs challenged with E. coli.
Capillary permeability in healthy males with different insulin response to glucose (1979)

The capillary permeability in human skeletal muscle, expressed as capillary diffusion capacity (CDC) for 51Cr-EDTA, was determined during exercise with a local clearance method in two groups of healthy male subjects: a younger group with a mean age of 30 years and an older one with a mean age of 58 years. The main finding was that, in both age groups, CDC was significantly negatively correlated to the early phase of insulin response to an intravenous glucose load. No correlation was found between CDC and peripheral insulin sensitivity. CDC was significantly higher in the older age group (P less than 0.01) independent of insulin response, blood flow and body weight. These data indicate that subjects with low insulin response to glucose have a higher capillary permeability than high responders, and that muscle capillary permeability increases with age.
Data-Centric Edge Federation: A Multi-Edge Architecture for Data Stream Processing of IoT Applications (2021)

Emerging Internet of Things (IoT) applications demand data stream processing with low latency and high processing power. Although the cloud naturally provides huge processing capacity, high latency to move data to the datacenter is prohibitive. Edge computing is a recent paradigm where part of computing and storage resources are pushed from the cloud to the edge of the network. In edge computing, edge providers manage their resources near to IoT devices to meet low latency application requirements and reduce the network core bandwidth. To reach the maximum potential of edge computing, a big challenge is to promote the cooperation between edge providers. Currently, edge computing architectures are severely limited for providing cooperation mechanisms between distinct edge providers. In this paper, we propose a edge federation to leverage the cooperation between different edge providers. The edge federation uses interest information propagated in data streams that travel between edge providers to allow an stakeholder to react to inefficient resource allocation and service provision. The main objective of the federation is to create a consortium of edge providers to provide cooperation mechanisms and define and standardize the application interests. The proposed edge federation is (i) data-centric, since edge providers can share common interests and data and, thus, establish cooperation to increase the capacity to provide services for applications; (ii) distributed, since no assumption is made concerning the geo-location of the edge providers and their logical connections; (iii) opportunistic, because an edge provider can react dynamically to the environment change ; (iv) scalable, since the edge provider has the ability to analyze a data flow passing by its infrastructure and make decisions to increase network performance locally, which impacts the global performance