gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Al2O3 and TiO2 Atomic Layer Deposition on Copper for Water Corrosion Resistance (2011)

Al(2)O(3) and TiO(2) atomic layer deposition (ALD) were employed to develop an ultrathin barrier film on copper to prevent water corrosion. The strategy was to utilize Al(2)O(3) ALD as a pinhole-free barrier and to protect the Al(2)O(3) ALD using TiO(2) ALD. An initial set of experiments was performed at 177 °C to establish that Al(2)O(3) ALD could nucleate on copper and produce a high-quality Al(2)O(3) film. In situ quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) measurements verified that Al(2)O(3) ALD nucleated and grew efficiently on copper-plated quartz crystals at 177 °C using trimethylaluminum (TMA) and water as the reactants. An electroplating technique also established that the Al(2)O(3) ALD films had a low defect density. A second set of experiments was performed for ALD at 120 °C to study the ability of ALD films to prevent copper corrosion. These experiments revealed that an Al(2)O(3) ALD film alone was insufficient to prevent copper corrosion because of the dissolution of the Al(2)O(3) film in water. Subsequently, TiO(2) ALD was explored on copper at 120 °C using TiCl(4) and water as the reactants. The resulting TiO(2) films also did not prevent the water corrosion of copper. Fortunately, Al(2)O(3) films with a TiO(2) capping layer were much more resilient to dissolution in water and prevented the water corrosion of copper. Optical microscopy images revealed that TiO(2) capping layers as thin as 200 Å on Al(2)O(3) adhesion layers could prevent copper corrosion in water at 90 °C for ~80 days. In contrast, the copper corroded almost immediately in water at 90 °C for Al(2)O(3) and ZnO films by themselves on copper. Ellipsometer measurements revealed that Al(2)O(3) films with a thickness of ~200 Å and ZnO films with a thickness of ~250 Å dissolved in water at 90 °C in ~10 days. In contrast, the ellipsometer measurements confirmed that the TiO(2) capping layers with thicknesses of ~200 Å on the Al(2)O(3) adhesion layers protected the copper for ~80 days in water at 90 °C. The TiO(2) ALD coatings were also hydrophilic and facilitated H(2)O wetting to copper wire mesh substrates.
A Pseudocatenane Structure Formed between DNA and A Cyclic Bisintercalator (2009)

Targeting double-stranded DNA with small molecules remains an active area of basic research. Herein is described a cyclic DNA bisintercalator that is based on two naphthalene diimide (NDI) intercalating units tethered by one linking element specific for binding in the minor groove and the other linking element specific for binding in the major groove. DNase I footprinting revealed a strong preference for binding the sequence 5'-GGTACC-3'. NMR structural studies of the complex with d(CGGTACCG)(2) verified a pseudocatenane structure in which the NDI units reside four base pairs apart, with one linker segment located in the minor groove and the other in the major groove consistent with the linker designs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first structurally well-characterized pseudocatenane complex between a sequence specific cyclic bisintercalator and intact DNA.
UKA TO TKA: IS IT AS GOOD AS A PRIMARY RESULT? (2017)

As with any revision knee arthroplasty, the first rule of revision is to ensure that the reason for failure has been identified, as revision for pain alone is associated with poor results. This is particularly important when considering revision of a UKA, as surgeons may have a lower threshold for revision than following TKA given the perception that the revision is “easy” and that the pain is “probably from the unresurfaced compartments”. In a multi-center study, we found that many patients undergoing revision of a failed UKA do not have an appropriate evaluation for infection. Evaluation should include a screening ESR and CRP and if abnormal, an aspiration of the knee joint for synovial fluid WBC count, differential and culture. To revise a UKA to a TKA, we perform the revision as we would a primary TKA, ignoring the implanted femoral component and using it to assist with reference of femoral component rotation and for the distal femoral cut; the component is not removed until it must for the final preparation. After finishing the femoral component cuts, the tibia is completely exposed prior to carefully removing the tibial component and re-cutting the tibia. In our experience of 45 consecutive both component revisions of UKA to TKA at Rush, 44 used primary implants (98%), including cruciate retaining implants in 36 of these 44 knees (82%; the balance were PS implants) and tibial stems were utilised in 6 of 44 knees (14%). In order to better understand the outcomes of revision of failed UKA we studied 49 patients revised from UKA to TKA and 43 revised from HTO to TKA and matched them to 43 aseptic, both component revision TKA and 97 primary TKA. At a mean of 4.8 years, the KSS and Function Scores in the UKA to TKA, HTO to TKA and primary TKA cohorts were similar. Total operative times were significantly higher in the HTO to TKA and revision TKA groups. Length of hospital stay was shorter in the primary TKA cohort. The rate of complications and reoperations were higher in the HTO to TKA and revision TKA groups compared to the UKA to TKA and primary TKA groups. Based on these results, we believe that revising an HTO and UKA to a TKA both had functional outcomes more similar to a primary than a revision TKA, however, the complication rate of revising an HTO was more similar to a revision than a primary TKA.
Study on 3GPP rural macrocell path loss models for millimeter wave wireless communications (2017)

Little research has been done to reliably model millimeter wave (mmWave) path loss in rural macrocell settings, yet, models have been hastily adopted without substantial empirical evidence. This paper studies past rural macrocell (RMa) path loss models and exposes concerns with the current 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) TR 38.900 (Release 14) RMa path loss models adopted from the International Telecommunications Union - Radiocommunications (ITU-R) Sector. This paper shows how the 3GPP RMa large-scale path loss models were derived for frequencies below 6 GHz, yet they are being asserted for use up to 30 GHz, even though there has not been sufficient work or published data to support their validity at frequencies above 6 GHz or in the mmWave bands. We present the background of the 3GPP RMa path loss models and their use of odd correction factors not suitable for rural scenarios, and show that the multi-frequency close-in free space reference distance (CI) path loss model is more accurate and reliable than current 3GPP and ITU-R RMa models. Using field data and simulations, we introduce a new close-in free space reference distance with height dependent path loss exponent model (CIH), that predicts rural macrocell path loss using an effective path loss exponent that is a function of base station antenna height. This work shows the CI and CIH models can be used from 500 MHz to 100 GHz for rural mmWave coverage and interference analysis, without any discontinuity at 6 GHz as exists in today's 3GPP and ITU-R RMa models.
Scanning aperture photoemission microscopy for magnetic imaging (2000)

Magnetic imaging has been demonstrated by photoemission microscopy in which spatial resolution is achieved by scanning an aperture across the sample. To achieve magnetic contrast, the difference between photoemission current with right and left circularly polarized light is recorded while holding the aperture-surface distance to 30 nm. We used conical gold tips with apertures as small as 30 nm, drilled by a focused ion beam. Images of Co/Pt multilayer films show a magnetic contrast of ±2% and a resolution (25%–75% of a step) of 30 nm. Resolution better than 10 nm should be achievable with smaller apertures. With this imaging method, there is no magnetic interaction between sample and tip, and ultrafast time resolution should be achievable.
Advances in diabetes for the millennium: new treatments for diabetic neuropathies. (2004)

Diabetic neuropathies are not a single disorder but a heterogeneous group of conditions that involves different parts of the somatic and autonomic nervous systems. Neuropathies may be focal or diffuse, proximal or distal. The focal neuropathies are either entrapment syndromes that occur in 30% of patients with diabetes, and if recognized can be treated with diuretics, splinting local steroids, and unentrapment. The focal mononeuritides are vascular assaults and heal spontaneously and need supportive therapy. The proximal neuropathies are, for the most part, inflammatory demyelinating conditions that occur 11 times more frequently in the diabetic population and respond well to intravenous immunoglobulin (Ig)G or immunosuppressive treatments. The distal symmetric polyneuropathies are usually a mixed picture of sensorimotor dysfunction, and recent evidence based on intraepidermal nerve-fiber changes has identified a subset of painful neuropathies that are associated with impaired glucose tolerance and dysmetabolic syndrome, and precede the onset of diabetes. Pain in neuropathy is also multifactorial and can occur at different levels, starting at the peripheral sympathetic nervous system in the skin (C fibers) and migrating to involve A-beta and A-delta fibers to produce allodynia, continuing with reorganization at the cord-level, cold allodynia, and finally, within the central nervous system, spontaneously as opposed to provoked pain. This is best treated with agents that target the different levels of pain production. It now seems that the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy is also heterogeneous with causative factors, including microvascular insufficiency, oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, defective neurotrophism, and autoimmune-mediated nerve destruction. New therapies are aimed at the underlying pathogenesis as well as the symptom complex. If attention is directed toward a pathogenetic approach, much can be done to alleviate the symptoms, alleviate the mitigation of quality of life, and now it would seem to address the underlying biological disturbance.
Molecular alterations associated with chronic exposure to cigarette smoke and chewing tobacco in normal oral keratinocytes (2017)

Tobacco usage is a known risk factor associated with development of oral cancer. It is mainly consumed in two different forms (smoking and chewing) that vary in their composition and methods of intake. Despite being the leading cause of oral cancer, molecular alterations induced by tobacco are poorly understood. To investigate the adverse effects of cigarette smoke/chewing tobacco exposure in oral keratinocytes, we developed two cellular models where normal oral keratinocytes were chronically exposed to cigarette smoke and chewing tobacco for a period of 8 months. Cellular assays reveal that OKF6/TERT1 cells acquire an oncogenic phenotype after chronic exposure to cigarette smoke/chewing tobacco. We employed both whole exome sequencing (WES) and quantitative proteomics approaches to investigate the molecular alterations in oral keratinocytes (OKF6/TERT1) chronically exposed to smoke and chewing tobacco. Exome sequencing revealed a much higher rate of C>A transversions in smoke exposed cells in conjunction with previous studies. In contrast, C>G transversions were observed to be higher in chewing tobacco exposed cells. Diverse mutations in both treated cells further highlight the distinct effects of each exposure. Distinct proteomic alterations were observed in smoke and chewing tobacco exposed cells compared to parental cells. In addition, we observe enrichment of different signaling cascades in transformed oral cells upon chronic exposure to either cigarette smoke or chewing tobacco. Current analysis defines a clear distinction in the molecular dysregulation in oral cells in response to different tobacco-based insults. Future studies are needed to validate some of the genetic and proteomic alterations unique to each form of tobacco exposure. This study can serve as a reference for fundamental damage on oral cells as a consequence of exposure to different forms of tobacco.
Multichannel sampling schemes for optical imaging systems (2008)

We introduce a framework of focal-plane coding schemes for multichannel sampling in optical systems. A particular objective is to develop an ultrathin imager without compromising image resolution. We present a complete f/2.1 optical system with a thickness of 2.2 mm. The resolution is maintained in the thin optical system by an integrated design of the encoding scheme, the process of making the coding elements, and the decoding algorithms.
ETCNet (2020)

As more and more Internet traffic is encrypted, classifying their flows for the usage in application-aware networking (AAN) and application-network integration (ANI) becomes increasingly important and challenging. Traditional deep packet inspection approaches are no longer capable of identifying the encrypted packet streams, and hence new traffic classification methods based on machine learning have recently been explored by several researchers. One major challenge of using machine learning to classify encrypted traffic is lacking real datasets. Collecting Internet traffic may leak users' sensitive information, which prohibits the network community from sharing the datasets they collected. In this poster, we propose ETCNet which is a model based on Siamese convolutional network to solve this issue. Our evaluation for the ETCNet shows that it can achieve high accuracy by only using 40 flows of each application to train it.
Stimulated optical patterns in a Kerr slice-feedback mirror-type experiment (1997)

Abstract Transverse optical patterns originating from nonlinear interactions between inserted image spatial modes and self-induced modes in a passive nonlinear system are considered. Experimentally observed stimulated patterns, together with results of numerical simulation and mode amplitude equation analysis, are presented.
[P4–458]: TARGETING THE APOLIPOPROTEIN E/AMYLOID β INTERACTION BY CPO_Aβ17–21P, A NON‐TOXIC AND NON‐FIBRILLOGENIC PEPTOID, AMELIORATED Aβ‐RELATED PATHOLOGY AND IMPROVED COGNITIVE DECLINE IN A MOUSE MODEL OF ALZHEIMER's DISEASE (2017)

The accumulation of Aβ peptides in the brain is a central event in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Inheritance of the apolipoprotein E4 (apoE4) genotype has been identified as the major genetic risk factor for the most common form of AD (late-onset AD). Studies have shown that apoE, apoE4 in particular, binds to amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides at residues 12–28 of Aβ and this binding modulates Aβ accumulation and disease progression. We have previously shown in several AD transgenic mice lines that blocking the apoE/Aβ interaction with Aβ12–28P reduced Aβ parenchymal deposition and vascular amyloid burden as well as ameliorated tau-related pathology, leading to cognitive improvements in treated AD mice. We have designed a small peptoid library derived from the Aβ12–28P sequence to screen for new apoE/Aβ binding inhibitors with higher efficacy and safety. Peptoids are better drug candidates than peptides due to their inherently more favorable pharmacokinetic properties. We have demonstrated that one of the lead peptoid compounds, CPO_Aβ17–21P, diminishes apoE/Aβ binding with an IC50 of 1.0 nM measured using surface plasmon resonance, which is far superior to the IC50 of Aβ12–28P. It also attenuates the apoE4 pro-fibrillogenic effects on Aβ40 and Aβ42 aggregation in vitro as well as apoE4 potentiation of Aβ cytotoxicity on human SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cell culture. When administrated in vivo, 4 months treatment of CPO_Aβ17–21P reduced Aβ-related pathology by immunohistochemical and biochemical measures, coupled with cognitive improvements in an APP/PS1 transgenic mouse model of AD. Our study suggests the non-toxic and non-fibrillogenic peptoid compound CPO_Aβ17–21P is a lead compound with significant promise as a new AD therapeutic agent which targets the Aβ related apoE pathway, with higher efficacy and better pharmacokinetic properties, without any evident toxicity.
Estimation of hidden Markov models for a partially observed risk sensitive control problem (1998)

One of the common strategies to promote the transfer of quantum dots (QDs) to buffer media and to couple them to biological molecules has relied on cap exchange. We have shown previously that dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG)-appended DHLA can effectively replace the native ligands on CdSe-ZnS QDs. Here we explain in detail the synthesis of a series of modular ligands made of the DHLA-PEG motif appended with terminal functional groups. This design allows easy coupling of biomolecules and dyes to the QDs. The ligands are modular and each is comprised of three units: a potential biological functional group (biotin, carboxylic acid and amine) and a DHLA appended at the ends of a short PEG chain, where PEG promotes water solubility and DHLA provides anchoring onto the QD. The resulting QDs are stable over a broad pH range and accessible to simple bioconjugation techniques, such as avidin-biotin binding.
Excited State Dynamics of a Self‐Doped Conjugated Polyelectrolyte (2019)

Abstract The growing number of applications of doped organic semiconductors drives the development of highly conductive and stable materials. Lack of understanding about the formation and properties of mobile charges limits the ability to improve material design. Thus the largely unexplored photophysics of doped systems are addressed here to gain insights about the characteristics of doping‐induced polarons and their interactions with their surroundings. The study of the ultrafast optical processes in a self‐doped conjugated polyelectrolyte reveals that polarons not only affect their environment via Coulomb effects but also strongly couple electronically to nearby neutral sites. This is unambiguously demonstrated by the simultaneous depletion of both the neutral and polaronic transitions, as well as by correlated excited state dynamics, when either transition is targeted during ultrafast experiments. The results contrast with the conventional picture of localized intragap polaron states but agree with revised models for the optical transitions in doped organic materials, which predict a common ground level for polarons and neighboring neutral sites. Such delocalization of polarons into the frontier transport levels of their surroundings could enhance the electronic connectivity between doped and undoped sites, contributing to the formation of conductive charges.
Genome-wide association and genetic functional studies identify autism susceptibility candidate 2 gene ( AUTS2 ) in the regulation of alcohol consumption (2011)

Alcohol consumption is a moderately heritable trait, but the genetic basis in humans is largely unknown, despite its clinical and societal importance. We report a genome-wide association study meta-analysis of ∼2.5 million directly genotyped or imputed SNPs with alcohol consumption (gram per day per kilogram body weight) among 12 population-based samples of European ancestry, comprising 26,316 individuals, with replication genotyping in an additional 21,185 individuals. SNP rs6943555 in autism susceptibility candidate 2 gene (AUTS2) was associated with alcohol consumption at genome-wide significance (P = 4 × 10(-8) to P = 4 × 10(-9)). We found a genotype-specific expression of AUTS2 in 96 human prefrontal cortex samples (P = 0.026) and significant (P < 0.017) differences in expression of AUTS2 in whole-brain extracts of mice selected for differences in voluntary alcohol consumption. Down-regulation of an AUTS2 homolog caused reduced alcohol sensitivity in Drosophila (P < 0.001). Our finding of a regulator of alcohol consumption adds knowledge to our understanding of genetic mechanisms influencing alcohol drinking behavior.
Assessing the Access to Jobs by Shared Autonomous Vehicles in Marysville, Ohio: Modeling, Simulating and Validating (2021)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Autonomous vehicles are expected to change our lives with significant applications like on-demand, shared autonomous taxi operations. Considering that most vehicles in a fleet are parked and hence idle resources when they are not used, shared on-demand services can utilize them much more efficiently. While ride hailing of autonomous vehicles is still very costly due to the initial investment, a shared autonomous vehicle fleet can lower its long-term cost such that it becomes economically feasible. This requires the Shared Autonomous Vehicles (SAV) in the fleet to be in operation as much as possible. Motivated by these applications, this paper presents a simulation environment to model and simulate shared autonomous vehicles in a geo-fenced urban setting. To simulate the aforementioned applications, a simulation environment that has a realistic rendering of the chosen real-world environment with realistic traffic generated around the SAVs is developed first using a geo-fenced area centered at the city of Marysville in Ohio as an example. This paper, then, presents an algorithm to optimally utilize multiple autonomous vehicles for shared rides based on modeling of pickup locations corresponding to affordable housing at the periphery of the geo-fenced area connected to destination locations corresponding to jobs and other locations of opportunity. The presented work showcases SAV operation as a solution to the spatial mismatch between affordable housing and job locations in a realistic simulation environment in an urban setting.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
A deep learning approach to ultrasound image recovery (2017)

Compressed sensing (CS) has drawn many interest in the field ultrasound (US) image recovery. It has demonstrated promising results in the recovery of radio-frequency element raw-data [Liebgott et. al. ULTRAS13, Besson et. al. SPARS17]. The objective of such approaches is to recover the raw-data from undersampled random measurements. It is achieved by means of convex optimization or greedy methods which require a high number of iterations to converge and whose accuracy highly depends on hyper-parameters fine-tuning. Recently, deep-neural networks (DNN) has redefined the paradigm of signal recovery, leading to remarkable results for CS reconstruction of natural images [Mousavi et. al. ALBERTON15].
Amunine (Ovine CRF), Urotensin I and Sauvagine, Three Structurally-Related Peptides, Produce Selective Dilation of the Mesenteric Circulation (1982)

Three synthetic peptides, urotensin I, sauvagine and ovine CRF, have less than 50% sequence homology. In the dog, all three produce selective mesenteric dilation, which appears to be solely responsible for a decrease in peripheral resistance and systemic arterial blood pressure. Urotensin I and sauvagine were found to be 5-10 times more potent than CRF.