gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Social Learning in Multi Agent Multi Armed Bandits (2019)

Motivated by emerging need of learning algorithms for large scale networked and decentralized systems, we introduce a distributed version of the classical stochastic Multi-Arm Bandit (MAB) problem. Our setting consists of a large number of agents n that collaboratively and simultaneously solve the same instance of K armed MAB to minimize the average cumulative regret over all agents. The agents can communicate and collaborate among each other only through a pairwise asynchronous gossip based protocol that exchange a limited number of bits. In our model, agents at each point decide on (i) which arm to play, (ii) whether to, and if so (iii) what and whom to communicate with. Agents in our model are decentralized, namely their actions only depend on their observed history in the past. We develop a novel algorithm in which agents, whenever they choose, communicate only arm-ids and not samples, with another agent chosen uniformly and independently at random. The per-agent regret scaling achieved by our algorithm is $\BigO łeft( \fracłceil\fracK n \rceil+łog(n) Δ łog(T) + \fracłog^3(n) łog łog(n) Δ^2 \right) $. Furthermore, any agent in our algorithm communicates (arm-ids to an uniformly and independently chosen agent) only a total of Θ(łog(T))$ times over a time interval of T. We compare our results to two benchmarks - one where there is no communication among agents and one corresponding to complete interaction, where an agent has access to the entire system history of arms played and rewards obtained of all agents. We show both theoretically and empirically, that our algorithm experiences a significant reduction both in per-agent regret when compared to the case when agents do not collaborate and each agent is playing the standard MAB problem (where regret would scale linearly in K), and in communication complexity when compared to the full interaction setting which requires T communication attempts by an agent over T arm pulls. Our result thus demonstrates that even a minimal level of collaboration among the different agents enables a significant reduction in per-agent regret.
ChemInform Abstract: 3,6‐Didecyloxyphthalonitrile as a Starting Compound for the Selective Synthesis of Phthalocyanines of the ABAB Type. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Power aware data and memory management for dynamic applications (2005)

In recent years, the semiconductor industry has turned its focus towards heterogeneous multiprocessor platforms. They are an economically viable solution for coping with the growing setup and manufacturing cost of silicon systems. Furthermore, their inherent flexibility perfectly supports the emerging market of interactive, mobile data and content services. The platform&apos;s performance and energy depend largely on how well the data-dominated services are mapped on the memory subsystem. A crucial aspect thereby is how efficient data is transferred between the different memory layers. Several compilation techniques have been developed to optimally use the available bandwidth. Unfortunately, they do not take the interaction between multiple threads into account and do not deal with the dynamic behaviour of these novel applications. The main limitations of current techniques are outlined and an approach for dealing with them is introduced.
ChemInform Abstract: The Total Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Gelsemine. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The synthesis of 2,3,3a,4,5,7a-hexahydro-1H-inden-1-ols by intramolecular Diels-Alder reactions of 1,3,8-nonatrien-5-ols. Dependence of product stereochemistry on the substitution pattern (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe synthesis of 2,3,3a,4,5,7a-hexahydro-1H-inden-1-ols by intramolecular Diels-Alder reactions of 1,3,8-nonatrien-5-ols. Dependence of product stereochemistry on the substitution patternAlan P. Kozikowski and Werner TuckmantelCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 8, 2826–2837Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00008a045https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00008a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views932Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
A Novel Functional Translocator Protein Ligand for Cancer Imaging (2007)

The translocator protein (TSPO) is an attractive target for tumor imaging due to its up-regulation in numerous cancer cell types. Here, we report a series of functional TSPO ligands, n-TSPOmbb732, which can be conjugated to a variety of signaling moieties and are widely applicable in TSPO-targeted molecular imaging. Two fluorescent dye-labeled 6-TSPOmbb732 displayed nanomolar binding affinities to TSPO and were successfully imaged in vitro.
Theoretical model of critical issues in informed consent in HIV vaccine trials (2014)

The informed consent process (ICP) for HIV vaccine trials poses unique challenges and would benefit from improvements to its historically based structure and format. Here, we propose a theoretical framework that provides a basis for systematically evaluating and addressing these challenges. The proposed framework follows a linear pathway, starting with the precondition of voluntariness, three main variables of valid decision-making (competency, provision of information and understanding) and then the consequential outcome of either refusal or consent to participate. The existing literature reveals that culturally appropriate provision of information and resultant understanding by the vaccine trial participant are among the most significant factors influencing the authenticity of valid decision-making, though they may be overridden by other considerations, such as individual altruism, mistrust, and HIV-related stigma. Community collaborations to foster bidirectional transmission of information and more culturally tailored consenting materials, therefore, represent a key opportunity to enhance the ICP. By providing a visual synopsis of the issues most critical to IC effectiveness in a categorical and relational manner, the framework provided here presents HIV vaccine researchers a tool by which the ICP can be more systematically evaluated and consequently improved.
Simulation-based DRAM Design Technology Co-Optimization: Why Random Dopant Fluctuations Matter (2021)

This paper presents a TCAD-based analysis of DRAM retention time variability. Both statistical and process-induced variability are considered. We highlight that discrete dopant fluctuations play a fundamental role in determining the leakage trends across the space of process variations and, therefore, they should be taken into account for an accurate and physics-based evaluation of yield and reliability of ultra-scaled DRAMs.
Reconstruction of Patellar Tendon Disruption After Total Knee Arthroplasty (2011)

The use of synthetic mesh to reconstruct a disrupted patellar tendon is a straightforward surgical procedure that was successful and durable in the majority of patients in our series. Compared with the use of an allograft, this technique eliminates the possibility of disease transmission and may be more cost-effective. No complications unique to the synthetic mesh were observed.
A Wireless Condition Monitoring System Powered by a Sub-100 $\mu$W Vibration Energy Harvester (2012)

A wireless sensor network for condition monitoring and its corresponding sensor node powered by a vibration energy harvester producing about 100 μW are presented. The sensor network utilizes an asynchronous beacon-detection based duty cycle control architecture to reduce power consumption and support ID-based TDMA while avoiding the need for timing synchronization between nodes. It also provides FDMA and fixed-time slot TDMA for further network flexibility. The sensor node transceiver includes a duty-cycle timing control unit to minimize power consumption; an LO-less, TDMA-capable, addressable beacon receiver; an FDMA-capable transmitter; and a low-power, universal sensor interface. The proposed sensor node, implemented in 0.13- μm CMOS technology, achieves low power consumption and a high degree of flexibility without requiring calibration or the use of BAW or SAW filters. The sensor node is experimentally demonstrated to operate autonomously from the power provided by a piezoelectric vibration energy harvester with dimensions of 27 × 23 × 6.5 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> excited by 4.5-m/s <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> acceleration at 40.8 Hz. The WSN condition monitoring behavior is measured with a capacitive temperature sensor, and achieves an effective temperature resolution of 0.36 °C.
PHA accumulation in sugar cane (2010)

Taking into account all variables, emergency surgery and medical treatment followed by elective cholecistectomy get similar outcomes, making better progress those who underwent early laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Encapsulation of Ag films on SiO2 by Ti reactions using Ag–Ti alloy/bilayer structures and an NH3 ambient (1996)

Thin encapsulated silver films have been prepared on oxidized silicon by nitridation of ∼200-nm-thick Ag–19 at. % Ti alloy films and Ag(120 nm)/Ti(22 nm) at 300–700 °C in an ammonia ambient. The encapsulation process has been studied in detail by Rutherford backscattering, and scanning Auger and secondary-ion-mass spectrometry, which showed that Ti-nitride and Ti-oxide-silicide formation take place at the surface and the Ag–Ti/SiO2 interface, respectively. Four-point-probe analysis of the alloy films suggests that the resistivity is controlled by the residual Ti concentration. Resistivity values of ∼4 μΩ cm were measured in encapsulated Ag alloy films with initial low Ti concentrations. The annealed bilayer structure had minimal Ti accumulations in Ag and the resistivity values were comparable to that of the as-deposited Ag (∼3 μΩ cm).
Influence Of Blood Pressure On Retinal Vascular Caliber In Young Children (2011)

Objective: Prior studies have reported that blood pressure (BP) has a significant influence on retinal vascular caliber both in adults and children aged 6 years and older. This study aimed to examine the association between BP and retinal vascular caliber in Singapore Chinese preschoolers 4 to 5 years of age. Design: Population-based, cross-sectional study. Participants: A total of 385 eligible and healthy Singapore Chinese children 4 to 5 years of age who were recruited in The Strabismus, Amblyopia and Refractive Error Study in Singaporean Chinese Preschoolers from May 2006 through October 2008 underwent BP measurements and retinal photography. Methods: According to standard protocols, BP was measured with an automatic Omron sphygmomanometer (Omron HEM 705 LP, Omron Healthcare, Inc., Bannockburn, IL) and a retinal photograph was obtained with a Canon 45° digital retinal camera (Model CR6-NM45, Canon, Inc., Tokyo, Japan) after pupil dilation. Anthropometric and optical biometric measurements such as height, weight, and axial length were obtained also. Information regarding sociodemographic status and child birth information was supplied by parents in either English or Chinese questionnaires. Main Outcome Measures: The computer imaging program was used to measure the caliber of all retinal arterioles and venules located in zone B. The central retinal arteriolar equivalent and central retinal venular equivalent were estimated by using a revised Knudtson-Parr-Hubbard formula. Results: The mean retinal arteriolar and venular calibers were 156.19 m and 220.01 m in boys and 161.97 m and 224.22 m in girls. Higher systolic BP was associated with narrower retinal arterioles. After adjusting for age, gender, father’s education, body mass index, birth weight, axial length, and caliber of the fellow retinal vessel, each 10-mmHg increase in systolic BP was associated with 2.00 m (95% confidence interval, 0.39– 3.61; P 0.02) of retinal arteriolar narrowing and 2.51 m (95% confidence interval, 0.35–4.68; P 0.02) of retinal venular widening. However, neither diastolic BP nor mean arterial BP was associated with retinal arteriolar or venular caliber. Conclusions: In very young children 4 to 5 years of age, higher systolic BP was associated with narrower retinal arterioles and wider retinal venules. This suggests that elevated BP may affect the retinal microvasculature from early childhood. Financial Disclosure(s): The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article. Ophthalmology 2011;118:1459–1465 © 2011 by the American Academy of Ophthalmology.
SLALOM as High Speed Multiplexer/Demultiplexer (1993)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text M. Eiselt, W. Pieper, M. Möhrle, R. Schnabel, and H. G. Weber, "SLALOM as High Speed Multiplexer/Demultiplexer," in Optical Amplifiers and Their Applications, Vol. 14 of 1993 OSA Technical Digest Series (Optica Publishing Group, 1993), paper PD6. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Fe-carbon nitride 'Core-shell' electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (2018)

In this report, the preparation of Fe-carbon nitride (CN)-based electrocatalysts (ECs) with a 'core-shell' morphology for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is described. The ECs consist of spherical XC-72R carbon nanoparticles, the 'cores', that are covered by a CN matrix, the 'shell', embedding Fe species in 'coordination nests'. The latter is formed by the presence of carbon and nitrogen ligands on the surface of the CN matrix, the 'shell'. Two families of CN-based ECs are prepared, which are grouped on the basis of the concentration of N atoms in the CN 'shell'. Each group comprises of both a 'pristine' and an 'activated' EC; the latter is obtained from the 'pristine' EC by a suitable series of treatments (A) devised to improve the ORR performance. The chemical composition of the CN-based ECs is determined by Inductively-Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES) and microanalysis. The surface area of the CN-based ECs is determined by nitrogen physisorption techniques, and the surface composition is probed by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The electrochemical performance and reaction mechanism of the CN-based ECs in the ORR is investigated in both acid and alkaline environments by cyclic voltammetry with the Thin-Film Rotating Ring-Disk Electrode setup (CV-TF-RRDE). The influence of the preparation parameters and of the treatments on the physicochemical properties, the ORR performance, and reaction mechanism is studied in detail. In the alkaline environment the FeFe2-CNl 900/CA 'core-shell' EC shows a remarkable ORR onset potential of 0.908 V vs. RHE which, with respect to the value of 0.946 V vs. RHE of the Pt/C ref., classifies the proposed materials as very promising 'Platinum Group Metal-free' ECs for the ORR.
F26 Stereoview Elemental X-ray Imaging (2003)

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Glucose transporter 1 expression identifies a population of cycling CD4+CD8+human thymocytes with high CXCR4-induced chemotaxis (2005)

GLUT1, the major glucose transporter in peripheral T lymphocytes, is induced upon T cell receptor activation. However, the role of GLUT1 during human thymocyte differentiation remains to be evaluated. Our identification of GLUT1 as the human T lymphotrophic virus (HTLV) receptor has enabled us to use tagged HTLV-receptor-binding domain fusion proteins to specifically monitor surface GLUT1 expression. Here, we identify a unique subset of CD4+ CD8+ double-positive (DP) thymocytes, based on their GLUT1 surface expression. Whereas these cells express variable levels of CD8, they express uniformly high levels of CD4. Glucose uptake was 7-fold higher in CD4(hi) DP thymocytes than in CD4(lo) DP thymocytes (P = 0.0002). Further analyses indicated that these GLUT1+ thymocytes are early post-beta-selection, as demonstrated by low levels of T cell receptor (TCR)alphabeta and CD3. This population of immature GLUT1+ DP cells is rapidly cycling and can be further distinguished by specific expression of the transferrin receptor. Importantly, the CXCR4 chemokine receptor is expressed at 15-fold higher levels on GLUT1+ DP thymocytes, as compared with the DP GLUT1- subset, and the former cells show enhanced chemotaxis to the CXCR4 ligand CXCL12. Thus, during human thymopoiesis, GLUT1 is up-regulated after beta-selection, and these immature DP cells constitute a population with distinct metabolic and chemotactic properties.
MEK-ERK signaling is a therapeutic target in metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (2019)

We conclude that pharmacologic targeting of the MEK/ERK pathway may be a viable treatment strategy for patients with refractory metastatic prostate cancer. An ongoing Phase II trial tests this hypothesis.
Regulation of Protein Kinase C Activity in Neuronal Differentiation Induced by the N-rasOncogene in PC-12 Cells (1990)

Expression of the N-ras oncogene under the control of the glucocorticoid-responsive promoter in the pheochromocytoma cell line UR61, a subline of PC-12 cells, has been used to investigate the differentiation process to neuronal cells triggered by ras oncogenes (I. Guerrero, A. Pellicer, and D. E. Burstein, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 150:1185-1192, 1988). Using ras-inducible cell lines, we observed that expression of the oncogenic N-ras p21 protein interferes with the ability of phorbol esters to induce downregulation of protein kinase C. This effect was associated with the appearance of immunologically detectable protein kinase C as well as the activity of the enzyme as analyzed either by binding of [3H]phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate in intact cells or by in vitro kinase activity. These results indicate a relationship between ras p21 and protein kinase C in neuronal differentiation in this model system. Comparison to the murine fibroblast system suggests that this relationship may be functional.
Small Bowel Malignancies Mimicking as IBD Flares (2009)

Purpose: Small bowel (SB) tumors represent 1-2% of all GI neoplasms and present with abdominal pain, obstruction, GI bleed, or abdominal mass. These symptoms are often misdiagnosed as an IBD flare, thus delaying appropriate management. Here we report three cases who were referred for management of difficult to control Crohn's disease (CD), but were found to have SB neoplasms. Case #1: KA, Terminal ileum (TI) myeloid cell tumor. 39 y/o F presents with 6 months of N/V, RLQ pain, and watery diarrhea. She had a normal colonoscopy with TI intubation. Capsule study showed moderate inflammation in the TI interpreted as CD flare. She was referred for anti-TNF therapy as steroid sparing therapy. We reviewed the capsule study and found ulceration and stricture from the distal jejunum to proximal ileum. We then performed DBE to find lumpy bumpy TI mucosa with stricture. Biopsies from the site showed extramedullary myeloid cell tumor. She proceeded with chemotherapy and is currently in remission. Case #2: MS, Jejunum adenocarcinoma. 36 y/o M with microcytic anemia presents with abdominal pain, N/V, and a 35 pound weight loss over one year. He had normal EGD and colonoscopy with biopsies. Capsule study showed multiple SB ulcers and intervening normal mucosa. He was diagnosed with CD and did not respond to Pentasa and budenoside for 8 months. We performed DBE to find multiple ulcerated circumferential raised lesions in the proximal to mid jejunum. Biopsies diagnosed invasive adenocarcinoma. The SB tumor was resected, and he is currently on adjuvant 5-FU chemotherapy. Case #3: RD, TI carcinoid. 58 y/o M with 4 years history of postprandial RLQ pain, nonbloody diarrhea, and abdominal distension. CT scan reported a thickened cecum with adjacent fat stranding. Colonoscopy found a thick villous appearing mucosa in a narrowed TI. Biopsies reported nonspecific patchy inflammation and edema. Small bowel follow through showed a 4 to 5 cm segmental stricture of the TI. He was diagnosed with CD, failed steroid therapy, and then referred for surgical resection. He underwent a laparoscopic ileocolic resection. In the TI there was a 3.2 cm × 2.5 cm tan-yellow mass, diagnosed as a carcinoid tumor. Discussion: Clinical presentation of SB neoplasms often mimic symptoms of active CD. In particular, the rare extramedullary myeloid cell tumor should prompt evaluation for systemic lymphoma. Immunomodulator and biologic therapies are contraindicated in patients with underlying malignancy, especially lymphoma. Clinical suspicion for occult neoplasm should be present in patients with difficult to treat IBD flares, and biopsies from the inflamed areas of the bowel should be obtained to ascertain the diagnosis.
Addition of nimesulide to small intestinal submucosa biomaterial inhibits postsurgical adhesiogenesis in rats (2010)

Adhesion formation is a common complication in abdominal surgery with incidence as high as 93% and small bowel obstruction a common complication. Because the extracellular matrix material, small intestinal submucosa (SIS), is commonly used in various surgical procedures, methods to inhibit adhesiogenesis are of great interest. This study was undertaken to determine if incorporation of nimesulide (NM), a selective cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitor, could reduce the extent and tenacity of intraabdominal adhesion formation associated with SIS implantation. Female Sprague-Dawley rats underwent a cecal abrasion surgical procedure to induce adhesiogenesis. Rats were either left untreated or treated by direct application over the injured cecum with polypropylene mesh (PPM); SIS; SIS containing a low dose of NM; or SIS containing a high dose of NM. Rats were euthanized 21 days later, and adhesion extent and tenacity were evaluated using standard scales (0 = minimal adhesiogenesis; 4 = severe adhesiogenesis). Addition of NM to SIS resulted in a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in adhesion extent and in a similar reduction in adhesion tenacity for SIS containing a low dose of NM. Adhesions typically extended from the abraded cecal surface to the body wall and were characterized histologically by fibrous tissue adherent to the cecal wall. In conclusion, addition of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory, COX-2 selective drug, NM, to SIS attenuates adhesion extent and tenacity when compared with surgical placement of SIS or PPM alone.