gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of doxorubicin‐induced HER3‐PI3K‐AKT signalling enhances apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells (2012)

Resistance to chemotherapy is a serious problem for the successful treatment of ovarian cancer patients but signalling pathways that contribute to this chemoinsensitivity are largely unknown. We demonstrate that the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin induces activation of the HER3-PI3K-AKT signalling cascade in ovarian cancer cells. We further show that the induction of this anti-apoptotic signalling pathway is based on upregulated expression of HER3 ligands, their shedding by the metalloprotease ADAM17, and is dependent on the HER2 receptor. The doxorubicin-mediated activation of this important survival cascade can be blocked by the kinase inhibitors lapatinib or erlotinib as well as by the therapeutic monoclonal antibody trastuzumab. Inhibition of the doxorubicin-induced activation of HER3-PI3K-AKT signalling significantly increased apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells. Besides doxorubicin, treatment of cells with cisplatin resulted in activation of the HER3 receptor whereas other chemotherapeutics did not show this effect. The increase in HER3 phosphorylation was detected in well-established ovarian cancer cell lines which originate from patients previously treated with these chemotherapeutic drugs. Based on these results, we postulate that activation of the HER3-PI3K-AKT cascade represents a major mechanism of chemoresistance in ovarian cancer.
In‐vitro oxidation model for UHMWPE incorporating synovial fluid lipids (2018)

Post-irradiation melting of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) reduced the oxidation potential of UHMWPE in vivo. After mid-term (5-10 years) use in vivo, there is detectable oxidation in irradiated and melted joint implant retrievals. The absorption of the synovial fluid lipid squalene was identified as a possible factor initiating oxidation. We investigated the role of lipids in UHMWPE oxidation by asking: (1) Do other synovial fluid lipids initiate oxidation in irradiated and melted UHMWPE?; (2) What is the effect of the absorption of multiple lipids on UHMWPE oxidation?; (3) How does lipid-initiated oxidation in vitro compare to what is observed in long-term retrievals? We diffused emulsified single and mixed lipids into irradiated and melted UHMWPE and accelerated aged them. We analyzed the oxidation in these samples and in four long-term highly crosslinked, irradiated, and melted Longevity™ UHMWPE liner retrievals (in vivo for up to 190 months) using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). We showed that lipids other than squalene could initiate oxidation in UHMWPE and that the types of absorbed lipids determined the amount of resultant oxidation. Although mixed lipids doping and accelerated aging reproduced the average and maximum oxidation values and oxidation products observed in vivo, the oxidation depth profile and its effect on cross-link density was different. One reason for this was the variability of oxidation in retrievals, suggesting additional factors contributing to oxidation. The understanding of oxidative processes in vivo and the development of clinically relevant in vitro protocols to evaluate implant materials is crucial for their long-term performance. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:1833-1839, 2018.
Reinforcement Learning Based Online Parameter Adaptation for Model Predictive Tracking Control Under Slippery Condition (2022)

Wheeled mobile robots have a great variety of applications both indoors and outdoors. They are often required to work in various environments such as on rough terrains, wet roads, icy roads, and routes with rapid cornering. Therefore, it is important to design a control scheme that delivers robust tracking performance on various terrains, especially the ones that induce skidding and slipping easily. In this work, we focus on the challenge of mobile robot motion under slippery conditions, and propose a hierarchical framework that learns to adapt the control parameters online for robust model predictive tracking control of mobile robots. Concretely, the high level module based on reinforcement learning (RL) actively adjusts the model predictive control (MPC) scheme to be more aggressive or conservative, by adapting key parameters in the MPC optimization formulation. Experiments demonstrate our framework achieves adaptive and robust tracking performance, especially at rejecting slipping and reducing tracking errors when the mobile robot travels through various terrains. Our framework neither relies on knowing specific dynamic parameters nor requires data fitting. The model trained in simulation is validated in a zero-shot manner with completely different real-world terrain conditions to demonstrate its adaptability.
Reflectionless Wideband Bandpass Filter Designed With Multilayered Microstrip Vertical Transition (2019)

In this paper, a symmetrical wideband bandpass filter (BPF) with reflectionless behavior is presented via multi-layered microstrip vertical transition. By employing two resistively-terminated microstrip lines printed on the top and bottom layers of this proposed multilayered BPF, ultra-broad input/output reflectionless capabilities along with wideband filtering performance intrinsic to this circuit structure can be achieved. The operational principle of this designed BPF is theoretically discussed. For experimental-validation purposes, a multilayered filter prototype is simulated and fabricated. It exhibits a measured wideband filtering response centered at 1.91 GHz and power-matching levels better than 19.27 dB from 0 to 3.75 GHz.
Recent Advances in Chemoinformatics (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Design and performance improvements in power transformers using ribbon cable (1995)

An advanced core-form power transformer with significantly lower losses and weight has been produced and brought to commercial status. First, a number of designs and design studies were made on actual medium power transformer specifications. Several windability models were built, as well as a complete 250 kVA core-form advanced power transformer model to develop the new manufacturing technology and to verify many performance characteristics of the new technology. Then extensive thermal, short-circuit strength, and loss studies were made. Finally, a cooperating electric utility ordered two units, one conventional and one advanced, to the same specification to provide ideal conditions for the verification of the new technology. Construction and test of the prototype proceeded without incident. Full verification was achieved for all aspects of the technology: dielectric design, thermal design, short-circuit strength, loss performance, impedance, noise level, and manufacturability. The prototype was installed and energized in 1991 and continues in operation today. Subsequently, other units were built and tested, with performance results confirming the technology.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Learning-Based Lossless Point Cloud Geometry Coding Using Sparse Tensors (2022)

Most point cloud compression methods operate in the voxel or octree domain which is not the original representation of point clouds. Those representations either remove the geometric information or require high computational power for processing. In this paper, we propose a context-based lossless point cloud geometry compression that directly processes the point representation. Operating on a point representation allows us to preserve geometry correlation between points and thus to obtain an accurate context model while significantly reduce the computational cost. Specifically, our method uses a sparse convolution neural network to estimate the voxel occupancy sequentially from the x, y, z input data. Experimental results show that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art geometry compression standard from MPEG with average rate savings of 52% on a diverse set of point clouds from four different datasets.
Cathode heating mechanisms in pseudospark plasma switches (1992)

Pseudosparks, and the back-lighted thyratron (BLT) in particular, are finding increasing application as pulse power switches. An attractive feature of BLTs is that high current densities (≥ tens of kA cm−2) can be sustained from metal cathodes without auxiliary heating. The source of this current is believed to be electric-field-enhanced thermionic emission resulting from heating of the cathode by ion bombardment during commutation which ultimately melts the surface of the cathode. It is proposed that a photon-driven ionization mechanism in the interelectrode gap of the BLT is responsible for initiating the observed patterns of cathode surface melting and electron emission. A 21/2-dimensional computer model is presented that incorporates a photo-induced ionization mechanism to spread the plasma into the interelectrode gap. It predicts a melting of the cathode in a pattern similar to that which is experimentally observed, and predicts a rate of field-enhanced thermionic electron emission that is sufficient to explain the high BLT conduction current density. In the absence of these mechanisms, the model does not predict the observed large-area melting of the face of the cathode. The cathode heating rate during the BLT switching phase is maximum for operating parameters that are very close to the limit for which the switch will close (that is, the smallest possible pressure-electrode spacing product and smallest possible electrode holes).
Signal transform covariant to scale changes (1993)

A unitary signal transformation that is covariant by translation scale changes (dilations and compressions) in the signal is formulated and justified. Unlike the Mellin transform, which is invariant to scale changes, this new transform is a true indicator of the scale content of a signal.
Influence of Gold Nanoparticle Film Porosity on the Chemiresistive Sensing Performance (2013)

Abstract The porosity of 1‐hexanethiol‐functionalised gold nanoparticle films was assessed and utilised as chemiresistor sensors. Electrochemical capacitance measurements showed that the accessibility of electrolytes of different ionic strengths into the pores depended on the thickness of the electric double layer formed. A large variation in capacitance was measured in 0.01–1000 mM NaClO 4 , implying a wide pore size distribution. The change in morphology of the nanoparticle films upon storage in air, water and ethanol for two weeks was investigated. There was a significant decrease in the electrochemical capacitance at high electrolyte concentrations for the ethanol‐stored films compared to the freshly‐prepared films suggesting a decrease in the number of small pores of radii in the range of 0.3–3 nm. This was further supported by optical topographical measurements where a decrease in the thickness of ethanol‐stored films was observed relative to the freshly‐prepared films. The porous nature of the nanoparticle films was found to have an effect on the chemical sensing behaviour. When used as chemiresistor sensors, for the detection of heptane in water, the ethanol‐stored films provided larger resistance changes and longer response times. This suggests that the more densely packed ethanol‐stored films provided more sites that enabled film swelling, and that diffusion of the analyte occurred through the narrower water‐filled pores. This demonstrates the effect of different storage conditions on film morphology and subsequently sensor response.
132 TRANSIENT TELOMERE DYSFUNCTION PROMOTES TUMOR INITIATION AND PROGRESSION IN TELOMERASE-PROFICIENT MICE (2011)

liver apoptosis or steatosis and were completely protected from hepatocarcinogenesis, whereas 100% of NEMODhepa mice developed hepatocellular carcinoma. Conclusions: Ablation of Casp8 protects from receptor-mediated apoptosis but may trigger RIP-dependent programmed necrosis in an inflammatory environment. However, inhibition of Casp8 has beneficial effects in chronic liver injury with dominant liver apoptosis as it protects from hepatocarcinogenesis.
Measurement of Dielectric Constants of Nematic Liquid Crystals at mm-Wave Frequencies Using Patch Resonator (2010)

A new technique for the measurement of dielectric constants of nematic liquid-crystal (LC) materials at millimeter-wave frequencies is presented. The proposed method utilizes an electric field to align the LC molecules, therefore offering safety and enormous size reduction over the method using the magnetic field to achieve LC directors' orientation. The measurement device is planar and consists of a rectangular patch resonator with the LC cell directly beneath it. Two preconditioned surface preparations, corresponding to transverse and longitudinal rubbing of the patch surface and ground plane in contact with LC, are investigated. Using the same measurement device with the two preconditioned surfaces, the measurements of dielectric constants and dielectric constant anisotropy of a nematic LC commonly known as E7 are conducted, and the results are found to agree to within 1% while confirming earlier published data.
Standing wave based clock distribution technique with application to a 10 × 11 Gbps transceiver in 28 nm CMOS (2015)

Clock distribution becomes a challenge as clock frequency and chip size keep increasing at the same time. Meanwhile, the distributed effects of the clock channel often show up where clock frequency is high and/or it drives large capacitive loading. In these cases, a standing wave-based structure becomes an attractive technique to deliver a low-jitter clock over a long distance with low power consumption. This paper will explore the properties of a standing wave resonator and its applications in clock distribution. The introduced technique was demonstrated with a design that delivers 5.5GHz quadrature clock to ten lanes of TX/RX and only consumes 12mW. The ten lanes, each running at 11Gbps, showed consistent and excellent jitter performance in measurement, verifying the proposed technique.
Non-rigid Diarylmethyl Analogs of Baloxavir as Cap-Dependent Endonuclease Inhibitors of Influenza Viruses (2020)

4-Substituted 2,4-dioxobutanoic acids inhibit influenza virus cap-dependent endonuclease (CEN) activity. Baloxavir marboxil, <b>4</b>, is approved for treating influenza virus infections. We describe here the synthesis and biological evaluation of active compounds, <b>5a</b>-<b>5g</b>, and their precursors (<b>6a</b>, <b>6b</b>, <b>6d</b>, and <b>6e</b>) with flexible bulky hydrophobic groups instead of the rigid polyheterocyclic moieties. In silico docking confirmed the ability of <b>5a</b>-<b>5g</b> to bind to the active site of influenza A CEN (PDB code: 6FS6) like baloxavir acid, <b>3</b>. These novel compounds inhibited polymerase complex activity, inhibited virus replication in cells, prevented death in a lethal influenza A virus mouse challenge model, and dramatically lowered viral lung titers. <b>5a</b> and <b>5e</b> potently inhibited different influenza genera in vitro. Precursors <b>6a</b> and <b>6d</b> demonstrated impressive mouse oral bioavailability with <b>6a</b>, providing effective in vivo protection. Thus, these novel compounds are potent CEN inhibitors with in vitro and in vivo activity comparable to baloxavir.
ChemInform Abstract: TBAI/TBHP‐Catalyzed [3 + 2]Cycloaddition/oxidation/Aromatization Cascade and Online ESI‐MS Mechanistic Studies: Synthesis of Pyrrolo[2,1‐a]isoquinolines and Indolizino[8,7‐b]indoles. (2016)

Abstract In the reaction of 3,4‐dihydroquinoline (IX) an aromatization is observed which does not take place using isoquinolines.
Using Generalized Cayley Transformations within an Inexact Rational Krylov Sequence Method (1998)

The rational Krylov sequence (RKS) method is a generalization of Arnoldi's method. It constructs an orthogonal reduction of a matrix pencil into an upper Hessenberg pencil. The RKS method is useful when the matrix pencil may be efficiently factored. This paper considers approximately solving the resulting linear systems with iterative methods. We show that a Cayley transformation leads to a more efficient and robust eigensolver than the usual shift-invert transformation when the linear systems are solved inexactly within the RKS method. A relationship with the recently introduced Jacobi--Davidson method is also established.
Cell-to-cell movement of mitochondria in plants (2016)

We report cell-to-cell movement of mitochondria through a graft junction. Mitochondrial movement was discovered in an experiment designed to select for chloroplast transfer from Nicotiana sylvestris into Nicotiana tabacum cells. The alloplasmic N. tabacum line we used carries Nicotiana undulata cytoplasmic genomes, and its flowers are male sterile due to the foreign mitochondrial genome. Thus, rare mitochondrial DNA transfer from N. sylvestris to N. tabacum could be recognized by restoration of fertile flower anatomy. Analyses of the mitochondrial genomes revealed extensive recombination, tentatively linking male sterility to orf293, a mitochondrial gene causing homeotic conversion of anthers into petals. Demonstrating cell-to-cell movement of mitochondria reconstructs the evolutionary process of horizontal mitochondrial DNA transfer and enables modification of the mitochondrial genome by DNA transmitted from a sexually incompatible species. Conversion of anthers into petals is a visual marker that can be useful for mitochondrial transformation.
Performance of MPEG-4 Profiles used for streaming video (2002)

To allow interoperability and cost effective implementation of codecs, MPEG has defined Profiles and Levels as conformance points. Two of those Profiles are Simple Profile (SP) and Advanced Simple Profile (ASP). ASP is also used as base level for the Fine Granularity Scalability (FGS) Profile. Applications related to streaming video on Internet are expected to use these profiles. In this paper we compare the performance of Simple and Advanced Simple Profiles at different levels. Results show that, for difficult to compress video, SP can be significantly inefficient by requiring as many as about 50% more bits. Also, for full resolution video, ASP at Level 4 can provide significantly better end-to-end quality than ASP at Level 3.
The effect of age on active and cryoactivatable inactive plasma renin in normal subjects and patients with essential hypertension. (1981)

The effect of age on active and cryoactivatable inactive plasma renin levels was examined in 58 normal subjects and 58 patients with essential hypertension during recumbency and after stimulation with furosemide and ambulation. Active renin levels declined with age in both supine subjects and patients. Inactive renin levels did not change with age in normal subjects, while in hypertensive patients they decreased with age. Following stimulation with furosemide and ambulation, the levels of active renin increased but its responsiveness to the stimulus decreased with age in both groups. In contrast, inactive renin was not significantly influenced by furosemide administration and ambulation. These data show that an acute stimulation with furosemide and ambulation affects mainly the active form of plasma renin, and that the effect of age on inactive plasma renin in normal subjects may be different from that in patients with essential hypertension.
Sodiation Kinetics of Metal Oxide Conversion Electrodes: A Comparative Study with Lithiation (2015)

The development of sodium ion batteries (NIBs) can provide an alternative to lithium ion batteries (LIBs) for sustainable, low-cost energy storage. However, due to the larger size and higher m/e ratio of the sodium ion compared to lithium, sodiation reactions of candidate electrodes are expected to differ in significant ways from the corresponding lithium ones. In this work, we investigated the sodiation mechanism of a typical transition metal-oxide, NiO, through a set of correlated techniques, including electrochemical and synchrotron studies, real-time electron microscopy observation, and ab initio molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. We found that a crystalline Na2O reaction layer that was formed at the beginning of sodiation plays an important role in blocking the further transport of sodium ions. In addition, sodiation in NiO exhibits a "shrinking-core" mode that results from a layer-by-layer reaction, as identified by ab initio MD simulations. For lithiation, however, the formation of Li antisite defects significantly distorts the local NiO lattice that facilitates Li insertion, thus enhancing the overall reaction rate. These observations delineate the mechanistic difference between sodiation and lithiation in metal-oxide conversion materials. More importantly, our findings identify the importance of understanding the role of reaction layers on the functioning of electrodes and thus provide critical insights into further optimizing NIB materials through surface engineering.
Kinesthetic Displays for Remote and Virtual Environments (1995)

Humans perceive their surrounding environment through five sensory channels, popularly labeled “sight,” “sound,” “taste,” “smell,” and “touch.” All of these modalities are fused together in our brains into an apparently seamless perception of our world. While we typically place the most importance on our visual sense, it is our sense of touch which provides us with much of the information necessary to modify and manipulate the world around us. This sense can be divided into two categories: the kinesthetic sense, through which we sense movement or force in muscles and joints; and the tactile sense, through which we sense shapes and textures. This chapter will focus on the use of kinesthetic sense in realistic teleoperation and virtual environment simulations. Artificial kinesthetic feedback techniques were first developed in the field of teleoperation—robot manipulators remotely controlled by human operators. In teleoperation, the perceptions from a physically remote environment must be conveyed to the human operator in a realistic manner. This differs from virtual reality in which the perceptions from a simulated environment are conveyed to the user. Thus, teleoperation and virtual environments communities share many of the same user interface issues but in teleoperation the need for detailed world modeling is less central. The earliest remote manipulation systems were operated by direct mechanical linkages and the operator viewed the workspace directly through windows (Goertz, 1964). Perhaps because of their relative simplicity and high performance, little was learned about sensory requirements for remote manipulation from these early devices. When remote manipulation was developed for long distances and mobile platforms, electronic links became mandatory. The earliest attempts drove the remote manipulator with a position signal only and no information was returned to the operator about contact force. In the original mechanical designs, force information was intrinsically available because the linkages (actually metal tape and pulley transmissions) were relatively stiff, low-mass, connections between the operator and the environment. With the shift to electronic links, the loss of kinesthetic information was immediately apparent to the operators. The first artificial kinesthetic displays arose to provide improved functionality for remote manipulators.
RF modulation of a 3 mA beam current from a carbon nanotube cathode (2006)

A micro-triode operating at 30 GHz is currently under development. This triode is composed of two 30 GHz re-entrant resonant cavities (input and output, respectively cathode-grid space and anode-grid space) separated by a grounded thin metallic grid. A dc bias between cathode-grid and anode-grid provides a continuous electron beam. The superposition of a 30 GHz electric field created in the input cavity, leads to increase the average grid current, which is indicative of the electron beam modulation.