gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Endovascular Management of Vascular Complications in Ehlers–Danlos Syndrome Type IV (2022)

(1) Background: The vascular type of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (vEDS) is a rare genetic connective tissue disorder caused by pathogenic variants in the COL3A1 gene that result in arterial and organ fragility and premature death. We present five cases of vEDS that highlight the diagnosis and treatment challenges encountered by clinicians with these patients. (2) Case presentations: we present the cases of five patients with vascular complications of vEDS who were successfully managed using endovascular interventions or hybrid techniques at our institution from 2005 to 2022. (3) Conclusions: These data emphasize that a multidisciplinary approach is needed for vEDS patients and that when endovascular or hybrid treatment is performed in a timely manner by a skilled team of interventional radiologists, good results can be achieved. Our report also demonstrates that the prognosis of vEDS patients has improved over the past 20 years with a new prevention program including celiprolol therapy, physical activity adaptation and limitation, and scheduled monitoring by expert clinicians.
The ITU-T's new g.vector standard proliferates 100 mb/s dsl (2010)

This article explores the recently issued ITUT G.vector (G.993.5) that allows expanded use of 100 Mb/s DSL. A tutorial description on G.vector's crosstalk noise reduction methods leads to specific projections and measurements of expanded DSL 100 Mb/s reach. A discussion on dynamic maintenance to enhance G.vector's practical application then concludes this article.
Adiponectin Ameliorates Doxorubicin-induced Cardiotoxicity through Akt Protein-dependent Mechanism (2011)

Accumulating evidence shows that obesity is associated with doxorubicin cardiac toxicity in the heart, but the molecular mechanisms that contribute to this pathological response are not understood. Adiponectin is an adipose-derived, cardioprotective factor that is down-regulated in obesity. Here, we investigated the effect of adiponectin on doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity and assessed the mechanisms of this effect. A single dose of DOX was intraperitoneally injected into the abdomen of adiponectin knock-out (APN-KO) and wild-type (WT) mice. APN-KO mice had increased mortality and exacerbated contractile dysfunction of left ventricle compared with WT mice. APN-KO mice also showed increased apoptotic activity and diminished Akt signaling in the failing myocardium. Systemic delivery of adenoviral vector expressing adiponectin improved left ventricle dysfunction and myocardial apoptosis following DOX injection in WT and APN-KO mice but not in Akt1 heterozygous KO mice. In cultured rat neonatal cardiomyocytes, adiponectin stimulated Akt phosphorylation and inhibited DOX-stimulated apoptosis. Treatment with sphingosine kinase-1 inhibitor or sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor antagonist diminished adiponectin-induced Akt phosphorylation and reversed the inhibitory effects of adiponectin on myocyte apoptosis. Pretreatment with anti-calreticulin antibody reduced the binding of adiponectin to cardiac myocytes and blocked the adiponectin-stimulated increase in Akt activation and survival in cardiomyocytes. Interference of the LRP1/calreticulin co-receptor system by siRNA or blocking antibodies diminished the stimulatory actions of adiponectin on Akt activation and myocyte survival. These data show that adiponectin protects against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity by its ability to promote Akt signaling.
Intermittent vagal nerve stimulation alters the electrophysiological properties of atrium in the myocardial infarction rat model (2014)

Intermittent vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) has emerged as a potential therapy to treat cardiovascular diseases by delivering electrical stimulation to the vagus nerves. The purpose of this study was to investigate the electrophysiological changes in the atrium resulting from long-term intermittent VNS therapy in the chronic myocardial infarction (MI) rat model. MI was induced via left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) ligation in male Sprague-Dawley rats, randomized into two groups: MI (implanted with nonfunctional VNS stimulators) and MI-VNS (implanted with functional VNS stimulators and received chronic intermittent VNS treatment) groups. Further, a sham group was used as control in which MI was not performed and received nonfunctional VNS stimulators. At 12 weeks, optical mapping of right atrium (RA) of sinus rhythm was performed. Our results demonstrated that chronic MI changed the electrical properties of the atrium action potentials and resulted in reduced action potential duration at 50% (APD50) and 80% (APD80) repolarization. Chronic right cervical VNS restored the APD back to healthy heart APD values. Additionally, APD heterogeneity index increased as a result of the chronic MI. Chronic VNS was not found to alter this increase. By calculating PR intervals from weekly ECG recordings of anaesthetized rats, we demonstrated that chronic MI and intermittent VNS did not affect the AV conduction time from the atria to the ventricles. From our study, we conclude the MI decreased the APD and increased APD spatial dispersion. VNS increased the APD back to healthy normal values but did change the APD spatial dispersion and the electrical conduction in the RA.
Kinetics and mechanics of clot contraction are governed by the molecular and cellular composition of the blood (2015)

Platelet-driven blood clot contraction (retraction) is thought to promote wound closure and secure hemostasis while preventing vascular occlusion. Notwithstanding its importance, clot contraction remains a poorly understood process, partially because of the lack of methodology to quantify its dynamics and requirements. We used a novel automated optical analyzer to continuously track in vitro changes in the size of contracting clots in whole blood and in variously reconstituted samples. Kinetics of contraction was complemented with dynamic rheometry to characterize the viscoelasticity of contracting clots. This combined approach enabled investigation of the coordinated mechanistic impact of platelets, including nonmuscle myosin II, red blood cells (RBCs), fibrin(ogen), factor XIIIa (FXIIIa), and thrombin on the kinetics and mechanics of the contraction process. Clot contraction is composed of 3 sequential phases, each characterized by a distinct rate constant. Thrombin, Ca(2+), the integrin αIIbβ3, myosin IIa, FXIIIa cross-linking, and platelet count all promote 1 or more phases of the clot contraction process. In contrast, RBCs impair contraction and reduce elasticity, while increasing the overall contractile stress generated by the platelet-fibrin meshwork. A better understanding of the mechanisms by which blood cells, fibrin(ogen), and platelet-fibrin interactions modulate clot contraction may generate novel approaches to reveal and to manage thrombosis and hemostatic disorders.
Studies on the Bacteriophage MS2 (1973)

After partial hydrolysis with T 1 ‐RNAase of 32 P‐labelled MS2 RNA and electrophoretic separation on different types of polyacrylamide gels, it is possible to isolate a fragment containing the nucleotide sequence G‐U‐U‐U‐Gp in combination with A‐U‐Gp. The complete primary structure of the 73‐nucleotide fragment is reported here. In addition to the usual techniques of sequence determination, the characterization involved identification of terminal oligonucleotides by exo‐nuclease treatment. The sequence is of interest as it shows a striking similarity to some ribosomal binding sites.
Enhancement of the Luminescent Efficiency in Carbene-Au(I)-Aryl Complexes by the Restriction of Renner–Teller Distortion and Bond Rotation (2020)

A series of (carbene)Au<sup>(I)</sup>(aryl) complexes are reported. The nature of the lowest excited state in these complexes changes character from metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) to interligand charge transfer (ICT) with increasing electron-donating strength of the aryl ligand. Complexes that have the MLCT lowest excited state undergo a Renner-Teller bending distortion upon excitation. Such a distortion leads to a large rate of nonradiative decay, on the order of 10<sup>8</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>. Renner-Teller-based nonradiative decay does not occur in chromophores with an ICT emissive state. Introducing a julolidine moiety and <i><i>ortho</i></i>-methyl substituents to the aryl group makes the molecule rigid and hinders the rotation along the Au-C<sub>aryl</sub>-coordinate bond. Consequently, the nonradiative decay rates of these ICT emitters are decreased and become lower than the radiative decay rate constants (<i>k</i><sub>r</sub> = 10<sup>5</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>). Thus, high-luminescent efficiencies (Φ<sub>PL</sub> = 0.61 and 0.77) along with short lifetimes (τ < 2 μs) are obtained for yellow and green emitters, respectively. Thermally assisted delayed fluorescence behavior is observed, owing to the small exchange energy (Δ<i>E</i><sub>ST</sub> < 1600 cm<sup>-1</sup>) in these emitters.
OoD-Bench: Quantifying and Understanding Two Dimensions of Out-of-Distribution Generalization (2022)

Deep learning has achieved tremendous success with independent and identically distributed (i. i.d.) data. However, the performance of neural networks often degenerates drastically when encountering out-of-distribution (OoD) data, i.e., when training and test data are sampled from different distributions. While a plethora of algorithms have been proposed for OoD generalization, our understanding of the data used to train and evaluate these algorithms remains stagnant. In this work, we first identify and measure two distinct kinds of distribution shifts that are ubiquitous in various datasets. Next, through extensive experiments, we compare OoD generalization algorithms across two groups of benchmarks, each dominated by one of the distribution shifts, revealing their strengths on one shift as well as limitations on the other shift. Overall, we position existing datasets and algorithms from different research areas seemingly unconnected into the same coherent picture. It may serve as a foothold that can be resorted to by future OoD generalization research. Our code is available at https://github.com/ynysjtulood_bench.
A review of national guidelines for management of COPD in Europe (2016)

The quality of care can be improved by the development and implementation of evidence-based treatment guidelines. Different national guidelines for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exist in Europe and relevant differences may exist among them.This was an evaluation of COPD treatment guidelines published in Europe and Russia in the past 7 years. Each guideline was reviewed in detail and information about the most important aspects of patient diagnosis, risk stratification and pharmacotherapy was extracted following a standardised process. Guidelines were available from the Czech Republic, England and Wales, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Spain and Sweden. The treatment goals, criteria for COPD diagnosis, consideration of comorbidities in treatment selection and support for use of long-acting bronchodilators, were similar across treatment guidelines. There were differences in measures used for stratification of disease severity, consideration of patient phenotypes, criteria for the use of inhaled corticosteroids and recommendations for other medications (e.g. theophylline and mucolytics) in addition to bronchodilators.There is generally good agreement on treatment goals, criteria for diagnosis of COPD and use of long-acting bronchodilators as the cornerstone of treatment among guidelines for COPD management in Europe and Russia. However, there are differences in the definitions of patient subgroups and other recommended treatments.
Selective plane illumination microscope dedicated to volumetric imaging in microfluidic chambers (2022)

In this article, we are presenting an original selective plane illumination fluorescence microscope dedicated to image "Organ-on-chip"-like biostructures in microfluidic chips. In order to be able to morphologically analyze volumetric samples in development at the cellular scale inside microfluidic chambers, the setup presents a compromise between relatively large field of view (∼ 200 µm) and moderate resolution (∼ 5 µm). The microscope is based on a simple design, built around the chip and its microfluidic environment to allow 3D imaging inside the chip. In particular, the sample remains horizontally avoiding to disturb the fluidics phenomena. The experimental setup, its optical characterization and the first volumetric images are reported.
IEEE International Symposium on Hardware Oriented Security and Trust (HOST): Past, Present, and Future (2019)

Hardware plays an integral role in system security with many emerging vulnerabilities and defense mechanisms targeting hardware. The IEEE International Symposium on Hardware Oriented Security and Trust (HOST) aims to facilitate the rapid growth of hardware-based security research and development. Since 2008, HOST has provided an environment to present cutting-edge developments in hardware security and trust. With the recent expansion of its scope to include all areas of overlap between hardware and security, HOST has become a premier event in the field of cybersecurity, and is one of the few to bridge the gap between computer security, mircoelectronics, and electronic design automation (EDA) communities.
The bulk modulus of C60 molecules and crystals: A molecular mechanics approach (1991)

In this letter, the bulk modulus of an individual C60 molecule is calculated in terms of the C,C bond force constant. A range of values for the bulk modulus is obtained with literature values for the force constant. The values obtained all exceed the bulk modulus (441 GPa) of diamond. With a C,C bond force constant equal to that between adjacent carbon atoms in graphite, 7.08 mdyn/Å, a bulk modulus of 903 GPa is obtained. On the basis of a simple composite model it is calculated that single closest-packed C60 crystals of C60 will have a bulk modulus of roughly 668 GPa under hydrostatic pressures. The calculated bulk modulus for a single C60 ‘‘buckyball’’ therefore suggests the possibility that a C60 crystal could be the most incompressible material known, at a pressure above about 50 GPa.
Use of a new functional dual coating (FDC) assay to measure low toxin levels in serum and food samples following an outbreak of human botulism (2013)

Clostridium botulinum type A toxin is the most prevalent cause of naturally occurring outbreaks of human botulism in the world. The active dichain neurotoxin molecule is composed of a heavy chain (H-chain) of ~100 kDa with the carboxy-terminal end consisting of a receptor-binding (HC) domain, while the amino-terminal (HN) domain is linked by a critical disulfide bond to a light chain (L-chain) of ~50 kDa. Although the mouse bioassay (MBA) is traditionally used to confirm the presence of toxin in serum or food, its sensitivity is insufficient to detect low toxin levels in approximately 30 to 60 % of botulism patients. A novel FDC (functional dual coating) microtitre plate immuno-biochemical assay, which quantifies botulinum toxicity by measuring the HC domain linked with L-chain endopeptidase activity, was modified to allow human serum (lysed or unlysed) to be tested without interference from the matrix, with toxin detection down to 0.03 mouse LD50 per ml serum or 0.13 pg ml(-1) using just 100 µl of clinical samples. The assay was specific for type A toxin and could additionally be applied to whole blood and food samples. Low levels of 1 to 2 mouse LD50 per ml serum of type A toxin were quantified for the first time using the modified FDC assay in two severely intoxicated UK patients who required mechanical ventilation and antitoxin. Toxin levels in recovered food sample extracts were also detected and one MBA-negative sample was found to contain 0.32 LD50 per ml extract. The FDC assay provides a real alternative for public health laboratories to unambiguously confirm all cases of type A botulism and, due to its sensitivity, a promising new tool in toxin pharmacokinetic studies.
Experimental Demonstration of a 100-Gbit/s 16-QAM Free-Space Optical Link Using a Structured Optical “Bottle Beam” to Circumvent Obstructions (2022)

We experimentally demonstrate a free-space optical (FSO) communication link using an optical &#x201C;bottle&#x201D; beam to help circumvent obstructions. At the transmitter, an optical &#x201C;bottle&#x201D; beam is generated by spatially structuring a Gaussian beam with a transmitter beam diameter of 7 mm. During propagation, the energy of the &#x201C;bottle&#x201D; beam evolves in a three-dimensional (3-D) shell which creates a &#x201C;bottle&#x201D;-like low-intensity region, allowing the beam to circumvent an obstruction located inside this region. Subsequently, the beam evolves back to its original shape and propagates in its original direction. In our demonstration, we use a 100-Gbit&#x002F;s, 16 quadrature amplitude modulation (16-QAM) data signal. Experimental results show that a &#x201C;bottle&#x201D; beam with a &#x201C;bottle&#x201D; size of 5 mm could help circumvent a circle-shaped obstruction with a diameter of &#x223C;4.5 mm and suffers &#x223C;10-dB less obstruction-induced power penalty as compared to a Gaussian beam. Additionally, we experimentally tailor the size and location of the &#x201C;bottle&#x201D; by changing the structuring pattern at the transmitter. Results after tailoring show that: (i) the beam with a larger &#x201C;bottle&#x201D; size could circumvent a larger obstruction but suffers more power loss when using a limited-size receiver aperture, and (ii) the location of the &#x201C;bottle&#x201D; in the propagation direction could be tuned to circumvent an obstruction more optimally at varying locations as compared to the case where the locations of the &#x201C;bottle&#x201D; and obstruction are not matched.
An integrated system for urban pollution monitoring through a public transportation based opportunistic mobile sensor network (2009)

The objective of this paper is to report on new developments in the project we are working on for the development of a mobile sensor based opportunistic urban pollution monitoring network. This work follows from the implementation of a single pollution sensor based sensing node prototype which was used for testing an opportunistic communications network and which was reported elsewhere. Here we concentrate on the extension of the basic sensing system and its modular conversion into a multi pollutant sensing system able to additionally provide temperature, humidity and geo-position information as well as on the software architecture developed around it in order to process the huge amounts of data the system produces. The different prototypes were tested on the public transportation system of the city of Vigo and on multiple test runs around the city of A Coruña in the north-west of Spain producing very promising results.
Proceedings of the American Modelica Conference 2020, Boulder, Colorado, USA, March 23-25, 2020 (2020)

Sustainable transportation research has evolved beyond vehicles and fueling systems to new, innovative, and integrated mobility strategies that have the potential to transform the movement of people and goods, enhance national energy security, boost the domestic economy, and save individuals and businesses both time and money. This can be achieved through an ecosystem that integrates technology advancements with a range of domestic energy resources, power grids and building systems, urban planning and efficient fleet operations. Modeling and simulation play a vital role in understanding these complex interactions. Dr. Gearhart will talk about the growing and evolving role of simulation in sustainability research at NREL's Center for Integrated Mobility Sciences.
Domain dynamics in epitaxial Pb(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3 films studied by piezoelectric force microscopy (2010)

Ferroelastic 90° a-domain dynamics in epitaxial Pb(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3 (lead zirconium titanate, PZT) films is investigated using lateral and vertical piezoelectric force microscopies. The PZT film consists of out-of-plane polarized c-domains separated by a cross-hatch network of in-plane polarized a-domains. When an electric field is applied across the PZT film, the a-domains are rearranged on the nanoscale. Depending on the direction of the electric field, this results either in larger or more fragmented c-domains. Both lateral and vertical piezoelectric force signals demonstrate the importance of ferroelastic a-domain movement since their dynamics will determine the final polarization retention time and stability of ferroelectric capacitors.
A Design Study Investigating Augmented Reality and Photograph Annotation in a Digitalized Grossing Workstation (2017)

The augmented reality magnetically tracked scalpel reduces tool switching though limitations in today's augmented reality technology fall short of creating an ideal immersive workflow by requiring the use of a monitor. While this technology catches up, we recommend focusing efforts on enabling the easy creation of layered, complex reports, linking, and viewing information across systems. Reflecting upon our results, we argue for digitalization to focus not only on how to record increasing amounts of data but also how these data can be accessed in a more thoughtful way that draws upon the expertise and creativity of pathology professionals using the systems.
Thermoelectric figure of merit of(In0.53Ga0.47As)0.8(In0.52Al0.48As)0.2III-V semiconductor alloys (2010)

The thermoelectric figure of merit is measured and theoretically analyzed for $n$-type Si-doped InGaAlAs III-V quaternary alloys at high temperatures. The Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, and thermal conductivity of a Si-doped ${({\text{In}}_{0.53}{\text{Ga}}_{0.47}\text{As})}_{0.8}{({\text{In}}_{0.52}{\text{Al}}_{0.48}\text{As})}_{0.2}$ of $2\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\text{m}$ thickness lattice matched to InP substrate grown by molecular-beam epitaxy are measured up to 800 K. The measurement results are analyzed using the Boltzmann transport theory based on the relaxation-time approximation and the theoretical calculation is extended to find optimal carrier densities that maximize the figure of merit at various temperatures. The figure of merit of 0.9 at 800 K is measured at a doping level of $1.9\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{18}\text{ }{\text{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ and the theoretical prediction shows that the figure of merit can reach 1.3 at 1000 K at a doping level of $1.5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{18}\text{ }{\text{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$.
A new lactobacilliin vivoexpression system for the production and delivery of heterologous proteins at mucosal surfaces (2016)

Food-grade lactic acid bacteria, such as lactobacilli, represent good candidates for the development of mucosal vectors. Indeed, they are generally recognized as safe microorganisms and some strains display beneficial effects (probiotics). In this study, we described a new lactobacilli in vivo expression (LIVE) system for the production and delivery of therapeutic molecules at mucosal surfaces. The versatility and functionality of this system was successfully validated in several lactobacilli species; furthermore, we assessed in vivo LIVE system in two different mouse models of human pathologies: (i) a model of therapy against intestinal inflammation (inflammatory bowel diseases) and (ii) a model of vaccination against dental caries. We demonstrated that Lactobacillus gasseri expressing the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 under LIVE system efficiently delivered the recombinant protein at mucosal surfaces and display anti-inflammatory effects. In the vaccination model against caries, LIVE system allowed the heterologous expression of Streptococcus mutans antigen GbpB by L. gasseri, leading to a stimulation of the host immune response.