gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vaccination of metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients with autologous tumour-derived vitespen vaccine: clinical findings (2008)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy as determined by time to progression and response rate (RR) of autologous vitespen (formerly HSPPC-96; Oncophage, Antigenics Inc., New York, NY, USA) with and without interleukin-2 (IL-2; Proleukin: Chiron, Emoryville, CA, USA) in stage IV metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients undergoing nephrectomy. Eighty-four patients were enrolled on study, and then underwent nephrectomy and harvest of tumour tissue for use in autologous vaccine manufacture. Initial treatment schedule started approximately 4 weeks after surgery and consisted of six injections: once weekly for 4 weeks, then two injections biweekly (vaccines administered at weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8), followed by restaging at or around week 10. Patients who had stable or responsive disease continued to receive vaccine, with four more vaccinations biweekly (at weeks 10, 12, 14, 16). Patients who had progressive disease at week-10 evaluation received four consecutive 5-day-per-week courses of 11 x 10(6) U of IL-2 subcutaneously (weeks 10, 11, 12, 13), with four doses of vitespen at 2-week intervals (at weeks 10, 12, 14, 16). At the next evaluation (week 18), patients with a complete response received two further cycles of vitespen (with IL-2 if also received during prior cycle) or until vaccine supply was exhausted. Patients with stable disease or partial response repeated their prior cycle of therapy. Disease progressors who had not yet received IL-2 began IL-2 treatment, and progressors who had already received IL-2 came off study. Of 60 evaluable patients, 2 demonstrated complete response (CR), 2 showed partial response (PR), 7 showed stable disease, and 33 patients progressed. Sixteen patients had unconfirmed stable disease. Two patients who progressed on vaccine alone experienced disease stabilisation when IL-2 was added. Treatment with vitespen did not result in a discernable benefit in the majority of patients with metastatic RCC treated in this study. Use in combination with immunoregulatory agents may enhance the efficacy of vitespen.
Quantization and Compensation in Sampled Interleaved Multichannel Systems (2011)

This paper considers interleaved, multichannel measurements as arise for example in time-interleaved analog-to-digital (A/D) converters and in distributed sensor networks. Such systems take the form of either uniform or recurrent nonuniform sampling, depending on the relative timing between the channels. Uniform (i.e., linear) quantization in each channel results in an effective overall signal-to-quantization-error ratio (SQNR) in the reconstructed output which is dependent on the quantizer step size in each channel, the relative timing between the channels, and the oversampling ratio. It is shown that in the multichannel sampling system when the quantization step size is not restricted to be the same in each channel and the channel timing is not constrained to correspond to uniform sampling, it is often possible to increase the SQNR relative to the uniform case. Appropriate choice of these parameters together with the design of appropriate compensation filtering is developed.
Sub-5 nm Ultrasmall Metal–Organic Framework Nanocrystals for Highly Efficient Electrochemical Energy Storage (2018)

Synthesis of ultrasmall metal–organic framework (MOF) nanoparticles has been widely recognized as a promising route to greatly enhance their properties but remains a considerable challenge. Herein, we report one facile and effective spatially confined thermal pulverization strategy to successfully transform bulk Co-MOF particles into sub-5 nm nanocrystals encapsulated within N-doped carbon/graphene (NC/G) by using conducting polymer coated Co-MOFs/graphene oxide as precursors. This strategy involves a feasible mechanism: calcination of Co-MOFs at proper temperature in air induces the partial thermal collapse/distortion of the framework, while the uniform coating of a conducting polymer can significantly improve the decomposition temperature and maintain the component stability of Co-MOFs, thus leading to the pulverization of bulk Co-MOF particles into ultrasmall nanocrystals without oxidation. The pulverization of Co-MOFs significantly increases the contact area between Co-MOFs with electrolyte and shortens the electron and ion transport pathway. Therefore, the sub-5 nm ultrasmall MOF nanocrystals-based composites deliver an ultrahigh reversible capacity (1301 mAh g–1 at 0.1 A g–1), extraordinary rate performance (494 mAh g–1 at 40 A g–1), and outstanding cycling stability (98.6% capacity retention at 10 A g–1 after 2000 cycles), which is the best performance achieved in all reported MOF-based anodes for lithium-ion batteries.
Antigenicity of fusion proteins from sarcoma-associated chromosomal translocations. (2001)

Synovial sarcoma (SS), clear cell sarcoma (CCS), and desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) are soft-tissue malignancies occurring primarily in adolescents and young adults. These tumors contain specific chromosomal translocations that fuse the 5' region of one gene with the 3' region of another, resulting in the formation of characteristic fusion proteins. These translocations are unique to tumor cells and may be required for persistence, thereby serving as targets for immunotherapy. It was hypothesized that the fusion breakpoint sequences associated with SS, CCS, and DSRCT can serve as tumor-specific neoantigens. To test this, peptides corresponding to the fusion breakpoints were designed and assessed for ability to bind to various class I HLA molecules. Two peptides derived from the SS breakpoint specifically bind the HLA-B7 antigen, and a 10-amino acid minimal epitope was identified for this interaction. Specific binding of a SS peptide and a CCS peptide to HLA-B27 molecule was also observed. Finally, a peptide designed from the DSRCT breakpoint specifically binds the HLA-A3 molecule, and a 9-amino acid optimal epitope was identified for this interaction. The physiological/immunological relevance of these peptide/MHC interactions was demonstrated by the induction of SS-specific CTLs from normal donor lymphocytes using in vitro stimulation with autologous, peptide-pulsed dendritic cells and by the ability of these CTLs to lyse human SS tumor cells endogenously expressing the full-length fusion protein. These results suggest that sequences in the fusion region of sarcoma-associated chimeras can bind class I HLA molecules and serve as neoantigens. These may be useful for the development of novel immunotherapies for sarcoma patients with appropriate HLA molecules and tumors bearing these translocations.
Bioassay guided fractionation of extracts from flowers of Bellis perennis L. for their anticancer activity (2011)

Common daisy (Bellis perennis L.) is a member of the cosmopolitan family Compositae (Asteraceae). It is native to western, central, and northern Europe, but is commonly found as an invasive plant in North America (1). B. perennis has been used in the treatment of gastritis, enteritis, diarrhoea, bleeding, rheumatism, inflammation and infections of the upper respiratory tract (2–3). In this study, anticancer activity of crude hexane, dichloromethane, methanol, water extracts, also n-butanol and ethylacetate fractions (after separation of methanol extract) of flowers from Bellis perennis were investigated. Cytotoxic activities were carried out on human lung cancer (A549), human colorectal cancer (DLD-1), and normal skin fibroblasts (WS1) using the resazurin reduction test. Following the bioassay guided fractionation, the most active methanolic extract, was treated by n-butanol and ethylacetate. The n-butanolic fraction was found to be the most active against A-549 lung carcinoma and DLD-1 colon carcinoma cells, with IC50 values of 16±3 and 10±2µg/ml, respectively. The hexane, dichloromethane and water extracts did not show any significant activity against A-549 and DLD-1.
Modeling and simulation of a blood pump for the development of a left ventricular assist system controller. (1999)

summary:A mathematical model describing the pressure-volume relationship of the Novacor left ventricular assist system (LVAS) was developed. The model consisted of lumped resistance, capacitance, and inductance elements with one time-varying capacitor to simulate the cyclical pressure generation of the system. The ejection and filling portions of the pump cycle were modeled with two separate functions. The corresponding model parameters were estimated by least squares fit to experimental data obtained in the laboratory. The model performed well at simulating pump pressure of operation throughout the full cycle. Computer simulation of the pump with a cardiovascular model demonstrated the interaction between the LVAS and the cardiovascular system. This model can be used to incorporate on-line cardiovascular parameter estimation and to design a new controller for the LVAS.
Relationships between Microstructural Parameters and Time-Dependent Mechanical Properties of a New Nickel-Based Superalloy AD730™ (2015)

High temperature creep and dwell-fatigue properties of the new nickel-based superalloy AD730™ have been investigated. Three microstructures have been studied in creep (850 °C and 700 °C) and dwell-fatigue (700 °C stress control with trapezoidal signals, and dwell times ranging from 1 s to 3600 s): a coarse grains microstructure, a fine grains one, and single crystalline samples. The aim of this study is to assess the influence of the grain size on creep and creep-fatigue properties. It is demonstrated that fine and coarse grains microstructures perform similarly in creep at 700 °C, showing that the creep properties at this temperature are controlled by the intragranular precipitation. Moreover, both the coarse grains and the fine grains microstructures show changes in creep deformation mechanisms depending on the applied stress in creep at 700 °C. At higher creep temperatures, the coarse grains microstructure performs better and almost no effect is observed by suppressing grain boundaries. During dwell-fatigue tests at 700 °C, a clear effect of the mechanical cycling has been evidenced on the time to failure on both the coarse and the fine grains microstructures. At high applied stresses, a beneficial effect of the cyclic unloading to the lifetime has been observed whereas at lower applied stresses, mechanical cycling is detrimental compared to the pure creep lifetime due to the development of a fatigue damage. Complex creep-fatigue interactions are hence clearly evidenced and they depend on the pure creep behavior reference.
P‐105: Benefits of a Radial Basis Function Network Representation in Describing Free‐Form Optical Surfaces for Head‐Worn Displays (2008)

Abstract This paper studies the application of radial basis function networks to the description, design and optimization of free‐form optical surfaces, which find key applications in head‐worn displays.
Seeing the Light: Optics in Nature, Photography, Color Vision and Holography (1988)

First Page
Freestanding Activated Carbon Nanocomposite Electrodes for Capacitive Deionization of Water (2022)

Freshwater reserves are being polluted every day due to the industrial revolution. Man-made activities have adverse effects upon the ecosystem. It is thus the hour of need to explore newer technologies to save and purify water for the growing human population. Capacitive deionization (CDI) is being considered as an emerging technique for removal of excess ions to produce potable water including desalination. Herein, cost-effective activated carbon incorporated with carbon nanotubes (CNT) was used as a freestanding electrode. Further, the desalination efficiency of the designed electrodes was tuned by varying binder concentration, i.e., polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) in the activated carbon powder and CNT mixture. PVDF concentration of 5, 7.5, 10, and 12.5 wt% was selected to optimize the freestanding electrode formation and further applied for desalination of water. PVDF content affected the surface morphology, specific surface area, and functional groups of the freestanding electrodes. Moreover, the electrical conductivity and specific surface area changed with PVDF concentration, which ultimately affected the desalination capacity using the freestanding electrodes. This study paves the way to produce cost effective carbon-based freestanding electrodes for capacitive deionization and other applications including battery electrodes.
Electro-oxidation of Carbon Monoxide on Well-Ordered Pt(111)/Sn Surface Alloys (2003)

The electro-oxidation of CO on model platinum−tin alloy catalysts has been studied by ex-situ electrochemical measurements following the preparation of the Pt(111)/Sn(2×2) and Pt(111)/Sn(√3×√3)R30° surfaces. A surface redox couple, which is associated with the adsorption/desorption of hydroxide on the Sn sites, is observed at 0.28 VRHE/0.15 VRHE in H2SO4 electrolyte on both surfaces. Evidence that it is associated with the adsorption of OH comes from ex-situ photoemission measurements, which indicate that the Sn atoms are in a metallic state at potentials below 0.15 VRHE and an oxidized state at potentials above 0.28 VRHE. Specific adsorption of sulfate anions is not associated with the surface process since there is no evidence from photoemission of sulfate adsorption, and the same surface couple is observed in the HClO4 electrolyte. CO is adsorbed from solution at 300 K, with saturation coverages of 0.37 ± 0.05 and 0.2 ± 0.05 ML, respectively. The adsorbed CO is oxidatively stripped at the potential coincident with the adsorption of hydroxide on the tin sites, viz., 0.28 VRHE. This strong promotional effect is unambiguously associated with the bifunctional mechanism. The Sn-induced activation of water, and promotion of CO electro-oxidation, is sustained as long as the alloy structure remains intact, in the potential range below 0.5 VRHE. The results are discussed in the light of the requirements for CO-tolerant platinum-based electrodes in hydrogen fuel cell anode catalysts and catalysts for direct methanol electro-oxidation.
Experimental study on the effect of the shroud on the performance and flow field of an automotive cooling fan (2011)

The effect of the shroud position on the performance of an automotive cooling fan with the radiator mounted at the front end has been studied on a test platform, and the characteristics of the flow field and phase-averaged velocity, vorticity, and turbulence intensity in five phases behind the cooling fan have been acquired by using digital particle image velocimetry. Moreover, a comparison of the flow field behind the fan with the shroud and that behind the fan without the shroud is made. The results of the performance experiment demonstrate that the fan with the shroud covering only the front part of the rotor possesses the highest performance, and the performance of the fan without the shroud seems to be less affected by the system flowrate. Flow field measurements show that the fan with the shroud has a larger exit radial component of the velocity than the fan without the shroud except at low system flowrates, and the vorticity and the turbulence intensity of the fan with the shroud are lower than those of the fan without the shroud.
Evaluating Study Abroad Programs: A Follow-Up Effort to Determine Comparative Value and Importance in Engineering and Non-Engineering Programs (2016)

The center provides oversight for leadership development and inter-
Photonic approach to the selective inactivation of viruses with a near-infrared subpicosecond fiber laser (2009)

We report a photonic approach for selective inactivation of viruses with a near-infrared subpicosecond laser. We demonstrate that this method can selectively inactivate viral particles ranging from nonpathogenic viruses such as the M13 bacteriophage and the tobacco mosaic virus to pathogenic viruses such as the human papillomavirus and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). At the same time, sensitive materials such as human Jurkat T cells, human red blood cells, and mouse dendritic cells remain unharmed. The laser technology targets the global mechanical properties of the viral protein shell, making it relatively insensitive to the local genetic mutation in the target viruses. As a result, the approach can inactivate both the wild and mutated strains of viruses. This intriguing advantage is particularly important in the treatment of diseases involving rapidly mutating viral species such as HIV. Our photonic approach could be used for the disinfection of viral pathogens in blood products and for the treatment of blood-borne viral diseases in the clinic.
Robust Low-k Diffusion Barrier (k=3.5) for 45-nm Node Low-k (k=2.3)/Cu Integration (2006)

A robust low-k diffusion barrier, i.e., advanced SiC(O) (A-SiC(O), k = 3.5), was developed to attain a k <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">eff</sub> of less than 2.7 for reliable ultra-low-k/Cu integration for 45-nm node technology and beyond. A new precursor that requires that requires no oxidizing agent was introduced for deposition to obtain higher film density while maintaining the k-value. The A-SiC(O) film has a low leakage current because of its low defect density and a comparable barrier property with conventional SiC. Drastic improvement in the k <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">eff</sub> and TDDB lifetime were obtained by adopting A-SiC(O) without using underlying SiCN and oxidizing agent in the deposition, Reliable ultra-low-k/Cu integration was accomplished by combining A-SiC(O) and Aurora-ELK (k=2.3), which has a high modulus of 7.2 GPa, with a UV cure
THz and Photonic Seamless Communications (2019)

Terahertz (THz) wave can offer over 100-Gb/s wireless transmission by the use of wide spectrum. Due to features of high-frequency waves such as lightwaves, THz can have high directivity. To mitigate congestion of radio spectrum, advanced modulation formats will play significant roles in THz bands as well as in conventional millimeter-wave or microwave bands. This paper will provide overviews on spectral efficiency and transmission capacity of THz wave systems. Power consumption of radio links would be also an important issue to reduce OPEX of networks. Survey on power consumption of short-distance wireless systems implies that high-speed radio transmission using THz bands would provide low power consumption transmission. However, THz transmission distance will be limited in shorter than a few kilometers due to attenuation in the air. Seamless networks consisting of THz links and optical fibers would provide high-speed, low-latency, and low power consumption data transmission. Devices and signal processing functions developed for optical fiber transmission can be applied to high-speed THz communications.
Process planning knowledge representation using an object-oriented data model (1997)

The issues involved in forming proper knowledge representation for process planning are discussed. Following a brief review of knowledge representation schemes used in existing reported CAPP systems, the process planning function and its required knowledge are described. Then an object-oriented knowledge representation scheme is presented that allows both upstream and downstream integration of CAPP and makes it easily adaptable for interfacing with other computer integrated manufacturing CIM modules. Descriptions of machining process entities and their relationships with features, machines and tools are provided. The network representation of the process plan that allows for alternative plans is explained. The application of the scheme within a working process planning system prototype is briefly explained and supported with an example. The benefits of the proposed representation, which include connection with geometric model, reduced search space, and alternative plan generation, are discussed. These new contributions provide for a new generation of CAPP systems that can be easily adapted for various manufacturing systems and can be integrated with other CIM modules.
An Immunosurveillance Mechanism Controls Cancer Cell Ploidy (2012)

Cancer cells accommodate multiple genetic and epigenetic alterations that initially activate intrinsic (cell-autonomous) and extrinsic (immune-mediated) oncosuppressive mechanisms. Only once these barriers to oncogenesis have been overcome can malignant growth proceed unrestrained. Tetraploidization can contribute to oncogenesis because hyperploid cells are genomically unstable. We report that hyperploid cancer cells become immunogenic because of a constitutive endoplasmic reticulum stress response resulting in the aberrant cell surface exposure of calreticulin. Hyperploid, calreticulin-exposing cancer cells readily proliferated in immunodeficient mice and conserved their increased DNA content. In contrast, hyperploid cells injected into immunocompetent mice generated tumors only after a delay, and such tumors exhibited reduced DNA content, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and calreticulin exposure. Our results unveil an immunosurveillance system that imposes immunoselection against hyperploidy in carcinogen- and oncogene-induced cancers.
Weighted locality-constrained linear coding for lesion classification in CT images (2015)

Computed tomography is a popular imaging modality for detecting abnormalities associated with abdominal organs such as the liver, kidney and uterus. In this paper, we propose a novel weighted locality-constrained linear coding (LLC) method followed by a weighted max-pooling method to classify liver lesions into three classes: cysts, metastases, hemangiomas. We first divide the lesions into same-size patches. Then, we extract the raw features in all patches followed by Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and apply K means to obtain a single LLC dictionary. Since the interior lesion patches and the boundary patches contribute different information in the image, we assign different weights on these two types of patches to obtain the LLC codes. Moreover, a weighted max pooling approach is also proposed to further evaluate the importance of these two types of patches in feature pooling. Experiments on 109 images of liver lesions were carried out to validate the proposed method. The proposed method achieves a best lesion classification accuracy of 96.33%, which appears to be superior compared with traditional image coding methods: LLC method and Bag-of-words method (BoW) and traditional features: Local Binary Pattern (LBP) features, uniform LBP and complete LBP, demonstrating that the proposed method provides better classification.
Massive Splenic Infarct in a Collegiate Football Player With Hemoglobin SC Disease (2008)

Ouyang, Daniel L MD; Kohrt, Holbrook E MD; Garza, Daniel MD; Matheson, Gordon O MD, PhD Author Information