gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Search for supersymmetry in hadronic final states using M T2 in pp collisions at $ \sqrt{s}=7 $ TeV (2012)

A bstract A search for supersymmetry or other new physics resulting in similar final states is presented using a data sample of 4.73 fb −1 of pp collisions collected at $ \sqrt{s}=7 $ TeV with the CMS detector at the LHC. Fully hadronic final states are selected based on the variable M T2 , an extension of the transverse mass in events with two invisible particles. Two complementary studies are performed. The first targets the region of parameter space with medium to high squark and gluino masses, in which the signal can be separated from the standard model backgrounds by a tight requirement on M T2 . The second is optimized to be sensitive to events with a light gluino and heavy squarks. In this case, the M T2 requirement is relaxed, but a higher jet multiplicity and at least one b-tagged jet are required. No significant excess of events over the standard model expectations is observed. Exclusion limits are derived for the parameter space of the constrained minimal supersymmetric extension of the standard model, as well as on a variety of simplified model spectra.
Abstract IA26: Identifying metabolic liabilities in obesity-associated pancreatic cancer (2016)

Abstract Obesity is a rising pandemic that is increasingly being recognized for its striking correlation with the incidence of/mortality from cancers of different tissues, particularly that of the pancreas. Ranking as the fourth leading cause of cancer death in the United States, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly lethal, insidious malignancy whose poor prognosis is reflected in a 5-year survival rate of only 5%. In an obese state characterized by elevated circulating levels of insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), metabolic signaling pathways, including PI3K/Akt might be aberrantly regulated, altering tumor cell metabolism and driving the maintenance of PDAC. Recognized as a hallmark of cancer formation, altered cellular metabolism is evident in Kras-driven PDAC tumors. However, the specific metabolic impact of obesity and increased insulin and IGF-1 levels on PDAC tumors has not been thoroughly investigated. We performed a large orthotopic xenograft experiment involving the injection of human pancreatic cancer cells modified to either express constitutively active, myristoylated Akt, or a control fluorescent protein (CFP) into the pancreata of lean or diet-induced obese immunodeficient mice. We find that control CFP-tumors grown in obese mice and all Akt-tumors, independent of obesity, are significantly larger than CFP-tumors grown in lean mice. Gene expression and metabolomics analyses demonstrate a striking representation of distinct metabolic pathways, including the nitrogen/arginine or urea cycle pathway in pancreatic tumors grown in obese versus lean mice. This pathway enrichment partially overlaps with that observed in the Akt-driven tumors, independent of obesity. Here we describe the validation of these results by altering urea cycle gene expression in the human PDAC cells and assessing their effect on PDAC cell proliferation, survival, metabolism, and response to arginine deprivation both in tissue culture in vitro and as orthotopic xenografts in the pancreata of lean or diet-induced obese mice in vivo. These studies will help identify metabolic dependencies in Akt-driven or non-Akt-driven pancreatic tumors grown under either obese/hyperinsulinemic or lean states, that could be targeted therapeutically in PDAC patients. Citation Format: Tamara Zaytouni, Cory Dubois, Daniel Hitchcock, Nicholas Stylopoulos, Clary Clish, Nada Kalaany. Identifying metabolic liabilities in obesity-associated pancreatic cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Metabolism and Cancer; Jun 7-10, 2015; Bellevue, WA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2016;14(1_Suppl):Abstract nr IA26.
Allocating and Retiring Special-Purpose MPLS Labels (2014)

Some MPLS labels have been allocated for specific purposes. A block of labels (0-15) has been set aside to this end; these labels are commonly called "reserved labels". They will be called "specialpurpose labels" in this document.
A Requirement for DICER to Maintain Full Promoter CpG Island Hypermethylation in Human Cancer Cells (2008)

Promoter hypermethylation is a prevalent phenomenon, found in virtually all cancer types studied thus far, and accounts for tumor suppressor gene silencing in the absence of genetic mutations. The mechanism behind the establishment and maintenance of such aberrant hypermethylation has been under intense study. Here, we have uncovered a link between aberrant gene silencing associated with promoter CpG island DNA methylation and the siRNA/miRNA processing enzyme, DICER, in human cancer cells. By comparing demethylated HCT116 colon cancer cells with HCT116 cells genetically rendered hypomorphic for DICER, we identified a group of epigenetically silenced genes that became reactivated in the absence of functional DICER. This reactivation is associated with a dramatic loss of localized promoter DNA hypermethylation. Thus, intact DICER is required to maintain full promoter DNA hypermethylation of select epigenetically silenced loci in human cancer cells.
Fermionic Hamiltonians for quantum simulations: a general reduction scheme (2017)

Many-body fermionic quantum calculations performed on analog quantum computers are restricted by the presence of k-local terms, which represent interactions among more than two qubits. These originate from the fermion-to-qubit mapping applied to the electronic Hamiltonians. Current solutions to this problem rely on perturbation theory in an enlarged Hilbert space. The main challenge associated with this technique is that it relies on coupling constants with very different magnitudes. This prevents its implementation in currently available architectures. In order to resolve this issue, we present an optimization scheme that unfolds the k-local terms into a linear combination of 2-local terms, while ensuring the conservation of all relevant physical properties of the original Hamiltonian, with several orders of magnitude smaller variation of the coupling constants.
Gene Regulation with Polyvalent siRNA-Nanoparticle Conjugates* (2020)

Over the past decade, researchers have designed, synthesized, studied, and applied polyvalent DNA-functionalized gold nanoparticles. Recently, the author demonstrated the utility of the polyvalent DNA-AuNP for antisense gene regulation, where the unique ensemble properties of the conjugate confer several important advantages in the context of intracellular target recognition and binding. The synthesis of polyvalent RNA-nanoparticle conjugates requires that all components are free of nucleases, such as RNase, which degrades RNA ligands and results in unstable AuNP interactions by exposing the Au surface. The novel conjugate described here is a densely functionalized nanomaterial that is protected from degradation in a manner that enhances knockdown compared to conventional lipid carriers and enters cells without transfection agents. Given their straightforward synthesis, these RNA-AuNPs, in addition to useful intracellular gene regulation materials, may be promising candidates for therapeutic and diagnostic applications.
The Development and Applications of Chalcogenide Infrared Optical Fibers (1985)

The fabrication of IR optical fibers for the 2- to l4-&mu;m region is described. Both cylindrical and square fibers fabricated from extruded rods and tubes are discussed. The physical proper-ties of the GeSbSe glasses and optical fibers are reviewed. Fab-rication of different fiber bundles is also reported. The applications of IR optical fibers and bundles are described, and system performance and parametric analysis are developed for some applications, including thermal imaging, IR sensors, CO<sub>2</sub> laser power guide, and low-loss optical fibers.
Blind equalization of nonlinear digital satellite links with PSK modulation (2002)

Satellite communication systems suffer from nonlinear intersymbol interference due to the limited bandwidth of the filters and the need to operate the onboard amplifier near saturation. We consider the blind equalization problem for this class of systems in a multichannel setting. By exploiting the bandpass nature of the channel and the statistical properties of PSK constellations, a simple necessary and sufficient condition for blind equalizability from the second-order statistics of the received signal is derived. An algorithm for the extraction of the equalizers is also given.
GaN-ON-Si Failure Mechanisms and Reliability Improvements (2006)

The degradation of 36mm AlGaN/GaN HFETs-on-Si under DC stress conditions has been studied on a large number of nominally identical devices that were chosen randomly across a production process. A common and primary degradation phenomenon was observed in the devices. A combination of electrical and physical analysis was used to identify a possible failure mechanism related to the Ni/Au Schottky gate diode that appears to explain the degradation of the FET. Based on the analysis, a gate anneal step was added into the fabrication process of AlGaN/GaN HFETs-on-Si. Nominal devices processed using a gate anneal showed (a) a modified gate metal-semiconductor interface (b) forward diode characteristics that are unchanged upon stress and (c) improvement in overall reliability relative to control devices
Integrated Optical Logic Circuits (1978)

Recent advances in guided wave optical device technology have made it possible to produce electrooptic modulators and switches which operate at high speeds with low electrical power dissipation. This paper explores the possibility of using guided wave components to perform logic operations. Integrated optical logic circuits (IOLCs) consisting of a number of modulators and switches interconnected by single mode waveguides could be fabricated on an electrooptic substrate such as lithium niobate. The primary advantage sought in previous optical logic schemes, that of short gate propagation delay, would also apply to IOLCs, while the power dissipation per gate could be orders of magnitude lower than for logic based on nonlinear optical effects. Gates for performing basic logic functions (AND, OR, NOT, etc.) are described and a configuration for a serial-parallel binary adder illustrates how the individual gates can be interconnected to perform digital computation.
Motion estimation with multiple matching criteria (2017)

Block-based motion estimation is the method of choice in most video codecs to exploit temporal redundancy for compression. Since true rate-distortion evaluation for every candidate block is usually impractical, simple estimates are used instead as a matching criterion, e.g., the Sum of Absolute Differences (SAD) between the target and the candidate blocks weighted by its respective motion vector cost in bits. We show that different matching criteria may differ not only in the quality of the resulting motion estimation but may actually offer diverse motion estimates that can be locally selected to better suit the local data characteristics. As a proof of concept, we propose the Double Matching Criteria Algorithm (DMCA), a two-pass algorithm which performs two independent motion estimations for each block with different matching criteria and then locally selects the better one in a true rate-distortion sense. The algorithm is easily parallelizable and out-of-the-box compliant to any coding standard with support for block-based motion compensation. We also propose the Total Absolute Deviation from the Mean (TADM) as a matching criterion to be used along with the SAD in the DMCA framework. Unlike the SAD, which measures the size of the residue in a sense, the TADM is a measure of its dispersion. For demonstration purposes, we implemented the DMCA with the SAD and the TADM as matching criteria in a modified HM reference software encoder for the HEVC standard. We observed significant BD-rate gains with a fully compliant HEVC stream.
Evaluation of over-excavation for Earth Pressure Balance (EPB) shields through data analytics (2023)

The utilization of EPB shields has advanced tunnel construction but there are still certain tunnelling risks such as settlements, sinkholes and movement/ vibrations to neighboring existing infrastructures (Shirlaw & Boone. 2005). In order to minimize and prevent such risks, derivation of over-excavation ratio by volume and weight of excavated material is required. Along with that, Building and Construction Authority (BCA. 2017) also enforced a regulation that over or under – excavation ratios (OERs) excavation should not exceed ±15% (over 115% or below 85%). However, in the local industry, the over-excavation ratios (OERs) reported by tunnelling contractors are based on rough estimation since factors such as spillages during the muck skips transportation, error from the crane measurement were unaccounted for. This paper reviews data retrieved from past tunnelling works, establishes a framework for back analyzing excavation data and proposes correction and bulking factors to better estimate the OERs.
Small-sized Spiral Dipole Antenna for RFID Transponder of UHF Band (2006)

In this paper, the small-sized spiral dipole antenna for UHF RFID transponder is proposed. For the expected application of the UHF RFID systems, such as a supply chain integration, industrial automation, track and trace, and so on, the small and efficient printed antenna is required. To reduce the antenna size and to minimize the efficiency lowering due to small size, the proposed antenna is designed to have the spiral structure rather than the meander structure. In this structure, the current cancellation on the antenna is much less than in the meander structures, and the total current induces an identical magnetic dipole, which makes the omni-directional radiation pattern. The proposed antenna is designed for UHF RFID systems of Korea, to have the operating frequency bandwidth of 908 MHz-913 MHz for VSWR < 2. The antenna has the physical size of 15.5 mm by 14.8 mm, which is about lambda over 16 in electrical length. This antenna is fabricated on the PET dielectric, to be utilized as an antenna of the transponder for the application of the UHF RFID systems.
A Design Methodology for Miniaturized Power Dividers Using Periodically Loaded Slow Wave Structure With Dual-Band Applications (2009)

This paper proposes an analytically-based approach for the design of a miniaturized single-band and dual-band two-way Wilkinson power divider. This miniaturization is achieved by realizing the power divider's impedance transformers using slow wave structures. These slow wave structures are designed by periodically loading transmission lines with capacitances, which reduces the phase velocity of the propagating waves and hence engender higher electric lengths using smaller physical lengths. The dispersive analysis of the slow wave structure used is included in the design approach to ensure a smooth nondispersive transmission line operation in the case of dual-band applications. The design methodology is validated with the design of a single-band, reduced size, two-way Wilkinson power divider at 850 and 620 MHz. An approximate length reduction of 25%-35% is achieved with this technique. For dual-band applications, this paper describes the design of a reduced size, two-way Wilkinson power divider for dual-band global system for mobile communications and code division multiple access applications at 850 and 1960 MHz, respectively. An overall reduction factor of 28%, in terms of chip area occupied by the circuit, is achieved. The electromagnetic simulation and experimental results validate the design approach. The circuit is realized with microstrip technology, which can be easily fabricated using conventional printed circuit processes.
Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy: Initial Experience and Comparison to the Open Surgical Approach (1995)

During an 18-month period, 6 laparoscopic partial nephrectomies were attempted, 4 of which were successful. The surgical technique was modified and improved between cases aided by new laparoscopic instrumentation, such as the argon beam coagulator and the 7.5 MHz. ultrasonic sector scanning system. In a retrospective comparison between laparoscopic and open partial nephrectomy, estimated blood loss was 525 ml. for the former versus 708 ml. for the latter procedure. However, operating time was more than 2 hours longer with the laparoscopic approach. The major advantages of the laparoscopic procedure appear to be a more rapid return to full diet, less postoperative pain and less requirement for parenteral narcotics. Despite the small size of this series and limited followup data, convalescence may be shortened by 4 weeks after laparoscopic partial nephrectomy. Patients with benign diseases of the kidney, especially with a duplicated collecting system, who require partial nephrectomy may be considered candidates for the laparoscopic approach. The advantages to the patient, however, may be offset by the technical demands on the surgeon.
Crosstalk-Free 32-ch DWDM Demultiplexer On Standard Si Pic Platform Enabled By Fully-Integrated Cascaded AMZ Triplet (2022)

Enabled by an autonomous calibration mechanism, crosstalk-free (−38.5 dB) fabrication-tolerant 32-ch DWDM demultiplexer on a standard Si PIC platform is demonstrated for the first time. On this platform, due to its nano-sized waveguide core dimensions, extremely precise fabrication control of waveguides has been required so far to suppress the crosstalk of demultiplexers for large-channel-count DWDM systems. This requirement made this platform impractical for such systems. To exclude this requirement, we have proposed a calibration mechanism which can be fully integrated into an assembly composed of an electric IC (EIC) and a standard Si PIC. The Si PIC has a structure of cascaded asymmetric Mach-Zehnder (AMZ) triplet consisting of AMZ interferometers designed to function as a demultiplexer. This structure enables monitoring the errors in the optical lengths of waveguides composing itself. Based on the monitored values, the controller implemented on the EIC determines the driving conditions of waveguide heaters to eliminate the errors. This feature excludes the necessity to strictly control the optical lengths in the fabrication process, making it possible to realize a crosstalk-free 32-ch DWDM demultiplexer on a standard Si PIC platform. Compatible with the vast component libraries of standard Si PIC platform, this device provides a path to ultrahigh-capacity integrated DWDM transceivers.
What you ask is what you get: Understanding architecturally significant functional requirements (2015)

Software architects are responsible for designing an architectural solution that satisfies the functional and non-functional requirements of the system to the fullest extent possible. However, the details they need to make informed architectural decisions are often missing from the requirements specification. An earlier study we conducted indicated that architects intuitively recognize architecturally significant requirements in a project, and often seek out relevant stakeholders in order to ask Probing Questions (PQs) that help them acquire the information they need. This paper presents results from a qualitative interview study aimed at identifying architecturally significant functional requirements' categories from various business domains, exploring relevant PQs for each category, and then grouping PQs by type. Using interview data from 14 software architects in three countries, we identified 15 categories of architecturally significant functional requirements and 6 types of PQs. We found that the domain knowledge of the architect and her experience influence the choice of PQs significantly. A preliminary quantitative evaluation of the results against real-life software requirements specification documents indicated that software specifications in our sample largely do not contain the crucial architectural differentiators that may impact architectural choices and that PQs are a necessary mechanism to unearth them. Further, our findings provide the initial list of PQs which could be used to prompt business analysts to elicit architecturally significant functional requirements that the architects need.
Simulation of the Drapability of Textile Semi-Finished Products with Gradient-Drapability Characteristics by Varying the Fabric Weave (2012)

The design of 3D component parts made of fiber-reinforced composites for load bearing applications demands a load oriented fiber alignement. During the draping of the textile an undefined displacement of fibers up to wrinkle formation occurs. One possibility to in-fluence fiber orientation during draping is the utilisation of the characteristics of different fabric weaves. By combining different weaves in a textile reinforcing fabric adjusted to the component part, gradient-drapability can be developed. This means that local zones with a high structural stability and zones with high drapability can be created in a textile semi-finished product. The design of these zones is done by simulation to produce a fabric structure suitable for the component part. For that purpose, material models for draping simulation developed at the Institute of Textile Machinery and High Performance Material Technology (ITM) are being improved. The material behaviour of each type of fabric weave is analysed and transformed to the simulation model. With the simulations performed the influence of the combination of different weave types on the shear behaviour of fabrics can be demonstrated.
Production of the Bioactive Compound Eritadenine by Submerged Cultivation of Shiitake (Lentinus edodes) Mycelia (2008)

Fruit bodies and mycelia of shiitake mushroom ( Lentinus edodes) have been shown to contain the cholesterol-reducing compound eritadenine, 2( R),3( R)-dihydroxy-4-(9-adenyl)butyric acid. In the search for a production method for eritadenine, shiitake mycelia were investigated in the present study. The mycelia were cultivated both in shake flasks and in bioreactors, to investigate the effects of pH, stirring rate, and reactor type on the production and distribution of eritadenine. Both the biomass and the culture broth were examined for their eritadenine content. In the shake flasks, the final concentration of eritadenine was 1.76 mg/L and eritadenine was equally distributed between the mycelia and the growth media. In the bioreactors, the shiitake mycelia were found to contain eritadenine in relatively low levels, whereas the majority, 90.6-98.9%, was detected in the growth media. Applying a stirring rate of 250 rpm during bioreactor cultivation resulted in the highest eritadenine concentrations: 10.23 mg/L when the pH was uncontrolled and 9.59 mg/L when the pH was controlled at 5.7. Reducing the stirring rate to 50 rpm resulted in a decreased eritadenine concentration, both at pH 5.7 (5.25 mg/L) and when pH was not controlled (5.50 mg/L). The mycelia in the shake flask cultures appeared as macroscopic aggregates, whereas mycelia cultivated in bioreactors grew more as freely dispersed filaments. This study demonstrates for the first time the extra- and intracellular distribution of eritadenine produced by shiitake mycelial culture and the influence of reactor conditions on the mycelial morphology and eritadenine concentrations.
Method of Minimal Evidence: Fuzzy Logic Algorithm (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: Overview Introduction Fuzzy Logic Overview MOME Fuzzy Logic Algorithm Certainty Factor Calculation Review MOME Fuzzy Logic Algorithm Summary References