gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Observation of CP violation in B±→DK± decays (2012)

An analysis of B±→DK± and B±→Dπ± decays is presented where the D meson is reconstructed in the two-body final states: K±π∓, K+K− and π+π−. Using 1.0 fb−1 of s=7TeV pp collisions, measurements of several observables are made including the first observation of the suppressed mode B±→[π±K∓]DK±. CP violation in B±→DK± decays is observed with 5.8σ significance.
Design of asymptotically perfect linear photonic circuits (2022)

Conventional multiport interferometers based on MZI meshes suffer from component imperfections, which limit their scaling. We introduce two new designs that overcome this limitation: a 3-splitter MZI for generic errors and a broadband MZI+Crossing design for more realistic correlated errors. These architectures, motivated by the correspondence between SU(2) and the Riemann sphere, are more error tolerant than the standard MZI mesh and support progressive self-configuration. Numerical simulations reveal orders-of-magnitude error reductions compared to the standard MZI mesh; moreover, the mesh is asymptotically perfect: the matrix error decreases with mesh size.
A General Approach to Chemo‐ and Regioselective Cyclotrimerization Reactions (2007)

Microwave-ready heterocycles: Cobalt-catalyzed [2+2+2] cyclotrimerization of nitrile derivatives with diynes anchored to a solid support under microwave irradiation provides a universal approach to pyridine, pyridone, and iminopyridine products. The reaction is completely chemo- and regioselective, and the products are obtained in excellent yield and high purity.
Field experience with non-ceramic hollow-core insulators (1999)

This paper reports on field experience with ac-energized hollow-core polymeric insulators. The paper presents the leakage current performance and the hydrophobicity status of the insulators. For the purpose of reference, a hollow-core insulator made of porcelain is also included in this paper. The insulators were mounted in both an upright as well as an inclined position. Also, the specific creepage paths of the insulators were relatively low, in the order of 12,4 to 14,7 mm/kV only. The presented results refer to a period of four years. The obtained results show that there is a clear difference in the performance between the upright and the inclined insulators. The inclined insulator has somewhat higher leakage currents. In addition, the hydrophobicity is lower on the underside of the inclined insulator.
Rank Signaling Links the Development of Invariant γδ T Cell Progenitors and Aire+ Medullary Epithelium (2012)

The thymic medulla provides a specialized microenvironment for the negative selection of T cells, with the presence of autoimmune regulator (Aire)-expressing medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) during the embryonic-neonatal period being both necessary and sufficient to establish long-lasting tolerance. Here we showed that emergence of the first cohorts of Aire(+) mTECs at this key developmental stage, prior to αβ T cell repertoire selection, was jointly directed by Rankl(+) lymphoid tissue inducer cells and invariant Vγ5(+) dendritic epidermal T cell (DETC) progenitors that are the first thymocytes to express the products of gene rearrangement. In turn, generation of Aire(+) mTECs then fostered Skint-1-dependent, but Aire-independent, DETC progenitor maturation and the emergence of an invariant DETC repertoire. Hence, our data attributed a functional importance to the temporal development of Vγ5(+) γδ T cells during thymus medulla formation for αβ T cell tolerance induction and demonstrated a Rank-mediated reciprocal link between DETC and Aire(+) mTEC maturation.
A Modified Split-Radix FFT With Fewer Arithmetic Operations (2006)

Recent results by Van Buskirk have broken the record set by Yavne in 1968 for the lowest exact count of real additions and multiplications to compute a power-of-two discrete Fourier transform (DFT). Here, we present a simple recursive modification of the split-radix algorithm that computes the DFT with asymptotically about 6% fewer operations than Yavne, matching the count achieved by Van Buskirk's program-generation framework. We also discuss the application of our algorithm to real-data and real-symmetric (discrete cosine) transforms, where we are again able to achieve lower arithmetic counts than previously published algorithms
Planetary Geochemical Investigations Using Raman and Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (2014)

An integrated Raman spectroscopy and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) instrument is a valuable geoanalytical tool for future planetary missions to Mars, Venus, and elsewhere. The ChemCam instrument operating on the Mars Curiosity rover includes a remote LIBS instrument. An integrated Raman-LIBS spectrometer (RLS) based on the ChemCam architecture could be used as a reconnaissance tool for other contact instruments as well as a primary science instrument capable of quantitative mineralogical and geochemical analyses. Replacing one of the ChemCam spectrometers with a miniature transmission spectrometer enables a Raman spectroscopy mineralogical analysis to be performed, complementing the LIBS chemical analysis while retaining an overall architecture resembling ChemCam. A prototype transmission spectrometer was used to record Raman spectra under both Martian and Venus conditions. Two different high-pressure and high-temperature cells were used to collect the Raman and LIBS spectra to simulate surface conditions on Venus. The resulting LIBS spectra were used to generate a limited partial least squares Venus calibration model for the major elements. These experiments demonstrate the utility and feasibility of a combined RLS instrument.
Synthesis and self-assembly of one-dimensional nanostructures of a transition metal trichalcogenide (2021)

Transition metal trichalcogenides (TMTs) (1) are one-dimensional (1D) layered materials containing trigonal prismatic chains of metals and chalcogens bonded via weak van der Waals (vdW) force (Figure The materials host several intriguing correlated physics in the bulk, such as charge/spin density waves and superconductivity. However nanostructured forms of TMTs have been rarely explored due to the difficulty in nanomaterial synthesis and assembly (2).
Damping versus oscillations for a gravitational Vlasov-Poisson system (2023)

We consider a family of isolated inhomogeneous steady states to the gravitational Vlasov-Poisson system with a point mass at the centre. They are parametrised by the polytropic index $k&gt;1/2$, so that the phase space density of the steady state is $C^1$ at the vacuum boundary if and only if $k&gt;1$. We prove the following sharp dichotomy result: if $k&gt;1$ the linear perturbations Landau damp and if $1/2&lt; k\le1$ they do not. The above dichotomy is a new phenomenon and highlights the importance of steady state regularity at the vacuum boundary in the discussion of long-time behaviour of the perturbations. Our proof of (nonquantitative) gravitational relaxation around steady states with $k&gt;1$ is the first such result for the gravitational Vlasov-Poisson system. The key step in the proof is to show that no embedded eigenvalues exist in the essential spectrum of the linearised system.
Luciferase Reporter Assay System for Deciphering GPCR Pathways (2010)

The G protein coupled receptors (GPCR) represent the target class for nearly half of the current therapeutic drugs and remain to be the focus of drug discovery efforts. The complexity of receptor signaling continues to evolve. It is now known that many GPCRs are coupled to multiple G-proteins, which lead to regulation of respective signaling pathways downstream. Deciphering this receptor coupling will aid our understanding of the GPCR function and ultimately developing drug candidates. Here, we report the development of four homogenous bioluminescent reporter assays using improved destabilized luciferases and various response elements: CRE, NFAT-RE, SRE, and SRF-RE. These assays allowed measurement of major GPCR pathways including cAMP production, intracellular Ca(2+) mobilizations, ERK/MAPK activ-ity, and small G protein RhoA activity, respectively using the same reporter assay format. We showed that we can decipher G protein activation profiles for exogenous m(3) muscarinic receptor and endogenous β(2)-adrenergic receptors in HEK293 cells by using these four reporter assays. Furthermore, we demonstrated that these assays can be readily used for potency rankings of agonists and antagonists, and for high throughput screening.
In Vivo Translational Inaccuracy inEscherichia coli:  Missense Reporting Using Extremely Low Activity Mutants ofVibrio harveyiLuciferase (2007)

A convenient, sensitive assay for measurement of in vivo missense translational errors is reported that uses luciferase activity generated by mistranslation of a gene encoding an inactive mutant alpha chain of the Vibrio harveyi enzyme. Mutations were introduced at alpha45 His, a position known to be highly intolerant of amino acids other than histidine. To normalize for any variations in expression level, the concentration of wild-type luciferase alphabeta dimer was determined by a novel assay using co-refolding of active/wild-type beta enzyme subunits with inactive alpha subunits in lysate with an excess of exogenously added active alpha subunits. Four His alpha45 missense mutants of luciferase encoded by leucine codons (CUC, CUU, CUG, and UUG) had histidine misincorporation rates of 2.0 x 10(-6), 1.3 x 10(-6), 9.0 x 10(-8), and 1.5 x 10(-8) respectively, a variation of over 133-fold among synonymous codons. Any substantial contribution of mutation was ruled out by a Luria-Delbrück fluctuation test. The two leucine codons with the highest rates, CUU and CUC, have a single central-mismatch to the histidyl-tRNAQUG anticodon. Aminoglycoside antibiotics known to enhance mistranslation increased the error rate of the CUC codon more than those of the CUU and CUG codons, consistent with the hypothesis that CUC codon mistranslation arises primarily from miscoding events such as the selection of noncognate histidyl-tRNAQUG at the central position of the codon.
Engineering Terminal Disulfide Bonds Into DNA (2003)

This protocol presents a simple and general means of modifying nucleic acids with disulfide cross-links. These cross-links serve as powerful tools to probe the structure, dynamics, thermodynamics, folding, and function of DNA and RNA, much in the way that cystine cross-links have been used to study proteins. The chemistry described has been used to synthesize disulfide-cross-linked hairpins and duplexes, higher-order structures such as triplexes, non-ground-state conformations, and tRNAs. since the cross-links form quantitatively by mild air oxidation and do not purturb either secondary or tertiary structure, this modification should prove quite useful for the study of nucleic acids.
Electrostrictive forces on vesicles with compartmentalized permittivity and conductivity conditions (2009)

Electrostrictive forces on the plasma membrane of a lipid bilayer vesicle that result as a consequence of an applied electric field and differential dielectric material properties can be calculated via the Maxwell stress tensor. In this situation, the plasma membrane is proposed as a barrier that separates compartments of a system with different conductivity and relative permittivity values. A numerical model of this case is presented. Model force calculations compare with analytical equation results and were used to validate published experimental work. The model also was used to study electrostatic forces in a simple vesicle system contrasting such forces to frequency dependent deformations. Model results for vesicles in variable conductivity and relative permittivity environments are analyzed to build a framework with the potential to become a tool to study more complex problems with multiple compartments such as cells and tissues. Impedance spectroscopy is also explored as a potential experimental method to predict cell and tissue system behavior in the presence of electric fields.
Effect of variable‐stiffness walking shoes on knee adduction moment, pain, and function in subjects with medial compartment knee osteoarthritis after 1 year (2011)

This study investigated the load-modifying and clinical efficacy of variable-stiffness shoes after 12 months in subjects with medial compartment knee osteoarthritis. Subjects who completed a prior 6-month study were asked to wear their assigned constant-stiffness control or variable-stiffness intervention shoes during the remainder of the study. Changes in peak knee adduction moment, total Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC), and WOMAC pain scores were assessed. Seventy-nine subjects were enrolled, and 55 completed the trial. Using an intention-to-treat analysis, the variable-stiffness shoes reduced the within-day peak knee adduction moment (-5.5%, p < 0.001) in the intervention subjects, while the constant-stiffness shoes increased the peak knee adduction moment in the control subjects (+3.1%, p = 0.015) at the 12-month visit. WOMAC pain and total scores for the intervention group were significantly reduced from baseline to 12 months (-32%, p = 0.002 and -35%, p = 0.007, respectively). The control group had a reduction of 27% in WOMAC pain score (p = 0.04) and no significant reduction in total WOMAC score. Reductions in WOMAC pain and total scores were similar between groups (p = 0.8 and p = 0.47, respectively). In the intervention group, reductions in adduction moment were related to improvements in pain and function (R(2) = 0.11, p = 0.04). Analysis by disease severity revealed greater efficacy in adduction moment reduction in the less severe intervention group. While the long-term effects of the intervention shoes on pain and function did not differ from control, the data suggest wearing the intervention shoe reduces the within-day adduction moment after long-term wear, and thus should reduce loading on the affected medial compartment of the knee.
Non-cell autonomous OTX2 homeoprotein regulates visual cortex plasticity through Gadd45b/g (2017)

Abstract The non-cell autonomous transfer of OTX2 homeoprotein transcription factor into juvenile mouse cerebral cortex regulates parvalbumin interneuron maturation and critical period timing. By analyzing gene expression in primary visual cortex of wild-type and Otx2 +/GFP mice at plastic and non-plastic ages, we identified several putative genes implicated in Otx2-dependent visual cortex plasticity for ocular dominance. Cortical OTX2 infusion in juvenile mice induced Gadd45b/g expression through direct regulation of transcription. Intriguingly, a reverse effect was found in the adult, where reducing cortical OTX2 resulted in Gadd45b/g up-regulation. Viral expression of Gadd45b in adult visual cortex directly induced ocular dominance plasticity with concomitant changes in MeCP2 foci within parvalbumin interneurons and in methylation states of several plasticity gene promoters, suggesting epigenetic regulation. This interaction provides a molecular mechanism for OTX2 to trigger critical period plasticity yet suppress adult plasticity.
Supersingular isogeny graphs and endomorphism rings: reductions and solutions. (2018)

In this paper, we study several related computational problems for supersingular elliptic curves, their isogeny graphs, and their endomorphism rings. We prove reductions between the problem of path finding in the \(\ell \)-isogeny graph, computing maximal orders isomorphic to the endomorphism ring of a supersingular elliptic curve, and computing the endomorphism ring itself. We also give constructive versions of Deuring’s correspondence, which associates to a maximal order in a certain quaternion algebra an isomorphism class of supersingular elliptic curves. The reductions are based on heuristics regarding the distribution of norms of elements in quaternion algebras.
Doubling the acquisition rate by spatial multiplexing of holograms in coherent sparse coded aperture correlation holography (2020)

Optical, spatial, or temporal multiplexing is a well-known approach to optimize the performance of imaging systems. Following the recent discovery about the capability to record a coherent hologram in an interferenceless working mode, we propose a motionless method to spatially multiplex more than one hologram in a single camera exposure. Using the rather simple multiplexing framework based on coded aperture correlation holography, we effectively increase the acquisition rate of dynamic scenes and the holographic data compression by two-fold. Quantitative or qualitative phase microscopy and acquisition of a bipolar hologram from a single camera shot, experimentally confirm the applicability of the suggested technique.
Scanning electron microscope observations on surface changes occurring in murine granulocytes and macrophages during maturation in soft agar cultures. (1981)

The present work has been undertaken to study by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) the cell surface changes occurring in granulocytes and macrophages during the process of maturation in soft agar cultures. All stages of maturation of these cells can be seen in a single colony, with immature cells at the center and mature cells toward the periphery. Special emphasis was made, therefore, to maintain the integrity of the colonies during preparation of the specimens for the SEM. Colonies of granulocytes appeared as tight aggregates of cells. The surfaces of cells in such colonies in 3 to 4-day-old cultures contained many microvilli. Cells in colonies of 5 to 7-day-old cultures contained fewer microvilli on their surfaces. Colonies of macrophages appeared as loose aggregates of cells. The surfaces of cells in such colonies in 3 to 4-day-old cultures was slightly ruffled, while the surfaces of cells in 5 to 7-day-old colonies had well developed ruffles. Granulocyte and macrophage colonies showed the same internal organization of the colony: In granulocytes, cells with many microvilli were located in the center of the colony and cells with less microvilli were at the periphery of the colonies. In macrophages, cells slightly ruffled were located in the center of the colony, while cells highly ruffled were at the periphery of the colonies. These observations have been confirmed by transmission electron and light microscopy preparations.
Supplementary Figure 14 from Aging of Preleukemic Thymocytes Drives CpG Island Hypermethylation in T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 14&lt;/p&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: Tuning the Behavior of Au and Pt Catalysts for the Chemoselective Hydrogenation of Nitroaromatic Compounds (2011)

Abstract Review: 43 refs.
Figure S1 from Efficacy of Affibody-Based Ultrasound Molecular Imaging of Vascular B7-H3 for Breast Cancer Detection (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Biotinylation of ABYB7-H3.&lt;/p&gt;
Deep learning-based quantification of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in plant roots (2021)

Summary Soil fungi establish mutualistic interactions with the roots of most vascular land plants. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are among the most extensively characterised mycobionts to date. Current approaches to quantifying the extent of root colonisation and the abundance of hyphal structures in mutant roots rely on staining and human scoring involving simple, yet repetitive tasks prone to variations between experimenters. We developed AMFinder which allows for automatic computer vision-based identification and quantification of AM fungal colonisation and intraradical hyphal structures on ink-stained root images using convolutional neural networks. AMFinder delivered high-confidence predictions on image datasets of roots of multiple plant hosts ( Nicotiana benthamiana , Medicago truncatula , Lotus japonicus , Oryza sativa ) and captured the altered colonisation in ram1-1 , str and smax1 mutants. A streamlined protocol for sample preparation and imaging allowed us to quantify mycobionts from the genera Rhizophagus , Claroideoglomus , Rhizoglomus and Funneliformis via flatbed scanning or digital microscopy including dynamic increases in colonisation in whole root systems over time. AMFinder adapts to a wide array of experimental conditions. It enables accurate, reproducible analyses of plant root systems and will support better documentation of AM fungal colonisation analyses. AMFinder can be accessed here: https://github.com/SchornacklabSLCU/amfinder.git
Microfluidic Synthesis of Palladium Nanocrystals Assisted by Supercritical CO 2 : Tailored Surface Properties for Applications in Boron Chemistry (2012)

On the surface: A library of organic-inorganic hybrid palladium nanocrystals was synthesized using continuous supercritical microfluidic technology. The nanocatalysts show moderate to excellent activities towards C(Ar)-B and C(Ar)-C(Ar) bond-forming reactions, thus illustrating the relationship between surface properties and modulated catalytic activity.
ChemInform Abstract: IMPROVED PREPARATION OF (E)‐3‐TRIMETHYLSILYL‐2‐BUTEN‐1‐OL (1983)

Abstract Der Trimethylsilylkupfer‐lithiumcyanid‐Komplex (II) lagert sich stereospezifisch an den Alkincarbonsäureester (I) an; der so gebildete silylierte Carbonsäureester (III) wird mit Diisobutylaluminiumhydrid zum Allylalkohol (IV) reduziert.
The influence of age, gender and race/ethnicity on the composition of the human axillary microbiome (2019)

Human axillary microbiome varies by age, gender and race/ethnicity. This study has provided an unprecedented fundamental knowledge about the axillary microbiota as a function of age, gender and race/ethnicity.
Resolution and circular dichroism of an asymmetrically cage-opened [60]fullerene derivative (1998)

The enantiomers of the first cagewise inherently asymmetric C 60 derivative, i.e. N-MEM (MEM = 2-methoxyethoxymethyl) keto lactam 1, have been separated by HPLC and their chiroptical properties compared with data obtained from C 60 derivatives that are dissymmetric or asymmetric due to chiral addends.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Alterations of the Tumor Suppressor Gene <i>ARLTS1</i> in Ovarian Cancer (2023)

Supplementary Figure 2 from Alterations of the Tumor Suppressor Gene &lt;i&gt;ARLTS1&lt;/i&gt; in Ovarian Cancer
Rheological and Physical Properties of Liquid Crystalline Polymer Blends (1994)

Abstract The binary and ternary blends consisting of an isotropic polymer and a thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer (LCP) were investigated in terms of rheology, morphology, and physical properties. In the binary blends, Vectra A950 lowered the melt viscosity of polyarylate (PAR), and Vectra B950 promoted the crystallization of polyphenylenesulfide (PPS). Introducing a third component into these binary blends, a multiblock copolyesterether into the PAR/Vectra A950 blends and a polysulfone into the PPS/Vectra B950 blends, helped elongate the dispersed LCP domains and enhanced the interface adhesion. The ternary LCP blends produced in-situ composites with improved mechanical properties.