gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Variation in expression of the outer hair cell P2X receptor conductance along the guinea‐pig cochlea. (1997)

1. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were used to determine the variation in the P2X receptor conductance, activated by extracellular ATP, in outer hair cells (OHCs) isolated from each of the four turns of the guinea-pig cochlea. 2. In standard solution (containing 1.5 mM Ca2+) slope conductances were determined in OHCs of known origin from current-voltage relationships obtained from voltage ramps applied between -100 and +50 mV. Membrane conductance throughout this voltage range was greatest in OHCs originating from the basal (high frequency encoding) region of the cochlea. This gradient in OHC conductance from apex to base of the cochlea can be attributed to variation in expression of both a negatively activated K+ conductance and a TEA-sensitive outwardly rectifying K+ conductance. OHC slope conductance measured about a membrane potential of -75 mV increased from a mean of 33.5 nS in the apical region (turn 4) to 96.8 nS in the basal region (turn 1) of the cochlea. 3. Removal of external Ca2+ reduced OHC conductance by an average of 25%, reflecting a Ca2+ dependence of the background conductances in these cells. In zero external Ca2+ the mean slope conductance measured at -75 mV in the apical turn was 25.0 nS compared with 73.8 nS in the basal turn. 4. In Ca(2+)-free solution both 2 mM and 4 microM ATP produced inward currents that were progressively larger in OHCs originating from more basal regions of the cochlea. The steady-state inward current elicited by 2 mM extracellular ATP increased from -1.44 to -3.26 nA for turns 4 and 1, respectively. 5. The P2X receptor conductance was determined between -100 and +50 mV by comparing voltage ramps in the presence and absence of extracellular ATP in Ca(2+)-free solution. The conductance was inwardly rectifying with a reversal potential close to 0 mV. Measured close to the resting membrane potential of the cells (-75 mV), 2 mM ATP elicited an average 300% increase in conductance in parallel with the systematic increase in background conductance which occurs in OHCs originating from the more basal regions of the cochlea. The conductance at -75 mV activated by 2 mM ATP increased from a mean of 59.6 nS in turn 4 OHCs to a mean of 166.2 nS in turn 1 OHCs. The conductance activated by 4 microM ATP was also greater in the basal turn OHCs (45.3 nS) than in the apical region OHCs (5.9 nS). 6. The number of ATP-gated ion channels on individual OHCs, presumed to be localized to the stereocilia, increases from approximately 6000 in turn 4 cells to 16,500 in turn 1 cells, based on estimates of unitary conductance and average maximum ATP-activated OHC conductance (2 mM ATP).
The yin and yang of intestinal epithelial cells in controlling dendritic cell function (2007)

Recent work suggests that dendritic cells (DCs) in mucosal tissues are "educated" by intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) to suppress inflammation and promote immunological tolerance. After attack by pathogenic microorganisms, however, "non-educated" DCs are recruited from nearby areas, such as the dome of Peyer's patches (PPs) and the blood, to initiate inflammation and the ensuing immune response to the invader. Differential epithelial cell (EC) responses to commensals and pathogens may control these two tolorogenic and immunogenic functions of DCs.
Development and Validation of a Risk Prediction Model for In-Hospital Mortality After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (2016)

Data from the STS/ACC TVT Registry have been used to develop a predictive model of in-hospital mortality for patients undergoing TAVR. Validation based on a population of patient records not used in model development demonstrates discrimination and calibration indices that are more favorable than other models used in populations with TAVR. This model should be a valuable adjunct for patient counseling, local quality improvement, and national monitoring for appropriateness of selection of patients for TAVR.
When Two is Worse Than One (2019)

This note is concerned with the impact on job latency of splitting a token bucket into multiple sub-token buckets with equal aggregate parameters and offered the same job arrival process. The situation commonly arises in distributed computing environments where job arrivals are rate controlled (each job needs one token to enter the system), but capacity limitations call for distributing jobs across multiple compute resources with scalability considerations preventing the use of a centralized rate control component (each compute resource is responsible for monitoring and enforcing that the job stream it receives conforms to a certain traffic envelope). The question we address is to what extent splitting a token bucket into multiple sub-token buckets that individually rate control a subset of the original arrival process affects job latency, when jobs wait for a token whenever the token bucket is empty upon their arrival. Our contribution is to establish that independent of the job arrival process and how jobs are distributed across compute resources (and sub-token buckets), splitting a token bucket always increases the sum of job latencies in the token buckets, and consequently the average job latency.
Ongoing Control of Haemophilus influenzae Type B Infections in Canadian Children, 2004–2007 (2008)

The uniform use in Canada of a single Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine in combination with diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis, and inactivated poliovirus vaccines (DTaP.IPV/Hib) facilitates ongoing assessment of vaccine effectiveness, including any effects of recently added concurrent vaccinations and increasing time since vaccination. Surveillance at 12 pediatric centers in 2004-2007 indicates that vaccine failures remain rare and case totals approach an irreducible minimum, with no age shift.
Mid-Infrared Imaging of the First-Ascent Giant HD 233517 (2003)

We present 10.8 and 18.2 μm images of HD 233517 (K2 III) made with the Observatory Spectrometer Camera for the Infrared on Keck II. Previous observations with a 3.8 m telescope indicated that a highly inclined disk with FWHM of 15 surrounds this star, but we find that HD 233517 is unresolved in the mid-IR at the highest resolution currently possible at these wavelengths. We measure the source to have FWHM less than 031 at 10.8 μm and less than 041 at 18.2 μm. Combined with more recent analyses and conclusions by others, HD 233517 appears to be a first-ascent giant star with spatially unresolved mid-IR dust emission.
Accumulation of Tc-99m Methylene Diphosphonate in Calcified Metastatic Lesions of the Liver from Colonic Carcinoma (1985)

Abnormal accumulation of Tc-99m MDP in two metastatic lesions of the liver was observed in a patient with resected colon carcinoma. Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) revealed characteristic marginal accumulation of Tc-99m MDP in both of those metastatic lesions. X-ray CT showed the corresponding marginal calcification in one of the metastases, but no apparent calcification was observed in the other lesion. Two months later, however, the latter also became calcified on x-ray CT. These findings suggest that the accumulation of Tc-99m MDP in the present case is strongly related to the calcium deposition and that Tc-99m MDP may accumulate in a calcified metastatic lesion before the calcification appears on x-ray CT.
Establishing reactivity descriptors for platinum group metal (PGM)-free Fe–N–C catalysts for PEM fuel cells (2020)

Establishing new reactivity map descriptor of TOF–SD for PGM-free Fe–N–C catalysts ORR activity.
GPR182 is a broadly scavenging atypical chemokine receptor influencing T-independent immunity (2023)

Immune responses highly depend on the effective trafficking of immune cells into and within secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs). Atypical chemokine receptors (ACKRs) scavenge chemokines to eliminate them from the extracellular space, thereby generating gradients that guide leukocytes. In contrast to canonical chemokine receptors, ACKRs do not induce classical intracellular signaling that results in cell migration. Recently, the closest relative of ACKR3, GPR182, has been partially deorphanized as a potential novel ACKR. We confirm and extend previous studies by identifying further ligands that classify GPR182 as a broadly scavenging chemokine receptor. We validate the "atypical" nature of the receptor, wherein canonical G-protein-dependent intracellular signaling is not activated following ligand stimulation. However, β-arrestins are required for ligand-independent internalization and chemokine scavenging whereas the C-terminus is in part dispensable. In the absence of GPR182 <i>in vivo</i>, we observed elevated chemokine levels in the serum but also in SLO interstitium. We also reveal that CXCL13 and CCL28, which do not bind any other ACKR, are bound and efficiently scavenged by GPR182. Moreover, we found a cooperative relationship between GPR182 and ACKR3 in regulating serum CXCL12 levels, and between GPR182 and ACKR4 in controlling CCL20 levels. Furthermore, we unveil a new phenotype in GPR182-KO mice, in which we observed a reduced marginal zone (MZ), both in size and in cellularity, and thus in the T-independent antibody response. Taken together, we and others have unveiled a novel, broadly scavenging chemokine receptor, which we propose should be named ACKR5.
A fully integratable, 1.55 /spl mu/m wavelength, continuously tunable asymmetric twin-waveguide distributed Bragg reflector laser (2003)

We demonstrate a fully integratable distributed Bragg reflector laser at 1.548 /spl mu/m. The device has a threshold of 50 mA and output power of 13 mW, with a tuning range of 4.8 nm and a linewidth of 146 kHz.
1,2‐Dibromoalkanes into Alkynes by Elimination Reaction under DBU Conditions and Their Application to Total Synthesis of Sapinofuranone B. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Distribution and Correlates of Midregional Proadrenomedullin in the General Population (2009)

Adrenomedullin (ADM)1 is a multifunctional peptide hormone expressed in most tissues and in multiple cell types in response to cellular stress, ischemia, and hypoxia. These characteristics indicate that ADM may have a role in protection against cellular injury and therefore is a promising biomarker of disease (1). Increased ADM concentrations have been reported in multiple diseases; however, the results between studies have been inconsistent, perhaps owing to technical difficulties in measuring ADM (2). To overcome these problems a novel assay has been developed. This assay reflects ADM production by measurement of midregional proadrenomedullin (MR-proADM), a separate fragment of the precursor peptide preproadrenomedullin. MR-proADM, which has no known function and is produced in a 1:1 stoichiometry to ADM. The MR-proADM assay has been shown to exhibit low intraassay variability, and concentrations of MR-proADM appear stable in samples that are stored at room temperature for up to 72 h, undergo multiple freeze-thaw cycles, or are drawn from patients in a nonfasting state (2).

We used the previously described immunoluminometric sandwich assay (2) (Brahms) to measure MR-proADM in 5258 fasting individuals from the cardiovascular cohort of the population-based Malmo Diet and Cancer Study who attended a baseline visit between 1991 and 1996 (3). We studied the relation of MR-proADM with 23 other baseline variables (Table …
Thymidine Metabolism as a Confounding Factor for 3′-Deoxy-3′-18F-Fluorothymidine Uptake After Therapy in a Colorectal Cancer Model (2018)

Noninvasive monitoring of tumor therapy response helps in developing personalized treatment strategies. Here, we performed sequential PET and diffusion-weighted MRI to evaluate changes induced by a FOLFOX-like combination chemotherapy in colorectal cancer xenografts, to identify the cellular and molecular determinants of these imaging biomarkers. <b>Methods:</b> Tumor-bearing CD1 nude mice, engrafted with FOLFOX-sensitive Colo205 colorectal cancer xenografts, were treated with FOLFOX (5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin) weekly. On days 1, 2, 6, 9, and 13 of therapy, tumors were assessed by in vivo imaging and ex vivo analyses. In addition, HCT116 xenografts, which did not respond to the FOLFOX treatment, were imaged on day 1 of therapy. <b>Results:</b> In Colo205 xenografts, FOLFOX induced a profound increase in uptake of the proliferation PET tracer 3'-deoxy-3'-<sup>18</sup>F-fluorothymidine (<sup>18</sup>F-FLT) accompanied by increases in markers for proliferation (Ki-67, thymidine kinase 1) and for activated DNA damage response (γH2AX), whereas the effect on cell death was minimal. Because tracer uptake was unaltered in the HCT116 model, these changes appear to be specific for tumor response. <b>Conclusion:</b> We demonstrated that <sup>18</sup>F-FLT PET can noninvasively monitor cancer treatment-induced molecular alterations, including thymidine metabolism and DNA damage response. The cellular or imaging changes may not, however, be directly related to therapy response as assessed by volumetric measurements.
A System for Anesthesia Drug Administration Using Barcode Technology (2014)

An anesthesia barcode drug administration system resulted in a moderate rate of scanning syringe label barcodes at the time of drug administration. Further, adaptation of the system will be required to achieve a higher utilization rate.
Methane Emission Reduction and Biological Characteristics of Landfill Cover Soil Amended With Hydrophobic Biochar (2022)

Biochar-amended landfill cover soil (BLCS) can promote CH<sub>4</sub> and O<sub>2</sub> diffusion, but it increases rainwater entry in the rainy season, which is not conducive to CH<sub>4</sub> emission reduction. Hydrophobic biochar-amended landfill cover soil (HLCS) was prepared to investigate the changes in CH<sub>4</sub> emission reduction and biological characteristics, and BLCS was prepared as control. Results showed that rainwater retention time in HLCS was reduced by half. HLCS had a higher CH<sub>4</sub> reduction potential, achieving 100% CH<sub>4</sub> removal at 25% CH<sub>4</sub> content of landfill gas, and its main contributors to CH<sub>4</sub> reduction were found to be at depths of 10-30 cm (upper layer) and 50-60 cm (lower layer). The relative abundances of methane-oxidizing bacteria (MOB) in the upper and lower layers of HLCS were 55.93% and 46.93%, respectively, higher than those of BLCS (50.80% and 31.40%, respectively). Hydrophobic biochar amended to the landfill cover soil can realize waterproofing, ventilation, MOB growth promotion, and efficient CH<sub>4</sub> reduction.
Estimating implementation bounds for real time DSP application specific circuits (1994)

This paper discusses techniques for estimating implementation bounds on computational resources and their role in the high-level synthesis process. Accurate estimations can be extremely useful in a multitude of synthesis operations, such as algorithm and architecture selection, design space search, module selection, transformations, allocation, assignment, and scheduling. Several techniques to efficiently estimate sharp minimum and maximum bounds on the resource requirements of a hardware implementation are discussed. The performance of the algorithms as well as their applications is analyzed using an extensive benchmark set. The proposed techniques have been implemented in the HYPER synthesis system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Tissue-Engineered Osteochondral Constructs in the Shape of an Articular Condyle (2005)

A cell encapsulation density of 20 million cells/mL with in vivo incubation for twelve weeks yields further tissue maturation and phenotypic growth of both cartilage-like and bone-like tissues in the tissue-engineered articular condyle.
Pulse Frequency Demodulation Without Spike Detection (2005)

One of the primary goals in the analysis of microelectrode recordings (MER) is to estimate the time-varying component of the firing rate, also known as the process intensity. This is typically done by applying a spike detection algorithm to create a spike train and then smoothing the spike train to estimate the slowly-varying fluctuations in intensity. In noisy recordings from microelectrode arrays or low-impedance microelectrodes used in stereotactic neurosurgery, this approach is often not possible because spike detection algorithms cannot accurately discriminate action potentials from single neurons. This paper compares the performance of a traditional spike-detection approach with an optimal threshold to a power demodulation approach similar to the full-wave rectifiers that are often used for the analysis of electromyograms (EMG). The results demonstrate that, in most cases, the power demodulation approach is as accurate as an optimal threshold detector. In signals with a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) less than 0.1, the power demodulation approach performs slightly better than the detection-based approach
A standardized approach to the Kolmogorov–Sinai entropy (2009)

We present a description of the Kolmogorov–Sinai entropy of ergodic multidimensional dynamical systems and of continuous multidimensional dynamical systems with compact state space, which is based on the ordinal structure of the systems and allows a standardized measurement of their complexity. Moreover, we relate the Kolmogorov–Sinai entropy to a multidimensional version of the permutation entropy.
Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Single Intravenous Dose of MGAWN1, a Novel Monoclonal Antibody to West Nile Virus (2010)

West Nile Virus (WNV) is a neurotropic flavivirus that can cause debilitating diseases, such as encephalitis, meningitis, or flaccid paralysis. We report the safety, pharmacokinetics, and immunogenicity of a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody (MGAWN1) targeting the E protein of WNV in a phase 1 study, the first to be performed on humans. A single intravenous infusion of saline or of MGAWN1 at escalating doses (0.3, 1, 3, 10, or 30 mg/kg of body weight) was administered to 40 healthy volunteers (30 receiving MGAWN1; 10 receiving placebo). Subjects were evaluated on days 0, 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 42, 56, 91, 120, and 180 by clinical assessments, clinical laboratory studies, electrocardiograms (ECGs), and pharmacokinetic and immunogenicity assays. All 40 subjects tolerated the infusion of the study drug, and 39 subjects completed the study. One serious adverse event of schizophrenia occurred in the 0.3-mg/kg cohort. One grade 3 neutropenia occurred in the 3-mg/kg cohort. Six MGAWN1-treated subjects experienced 11 drug-related adverse events, including diarrhea (1 subject), chest discomfort (1), oral herpes (1), rhinitis (1), neutropenia (2), leukopenia (1), dizziness (1), headache (2), and somnolence (1). In the 30-mg/kg cohort, MGAWN1 had a half-life of 26.7 days and a maximum concentration in serum (C(max)) of 953 microg/ml. This study suggests that single infusions of MGAWN1 up to 30 mg/kg appear to be safe and well tolerated in healthy subjects. The C(max) of 953 microg/ml exceeds the target level in serum estimated from hamster studies by 28-fold and should provide excess WNV neutralizing activity and penetration into the brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Further evaluation of MGAWN1 for the treatment of West Nile virus infections is warranted.
Synthesis of Photoresponsive Dual NIR Two-Photon Absorptive [60]Fullerene Triads and Tetrads (2013)

Broadband nonlinear optical (NLO) organic nanostructures exhibiting both ultrafast photoresponse and a large cross-section of two-photon absorption throughout a wide NIR spectrum may make them suitable for use as nonlinear biophotonic materials. We report here the synthesis and characterization of two C₆₀-(antenna)(x) analogous compounds as branched triad C₆₀(>DPAF-C₁₈)(>CPAF-C(2M)) and tetrad C₆₀(>DPAF-C₁₈)(>CPAF-C(2M))₂ nanostructures. These compounds showed approximately equal extinction coefficients of optical absorption over 400-550 nm that corresponds to near-IR two-photon based excitation wavelengths at 780-1,100 nm. Accordingly, they may be utilized as potential precursor candidates to the active-core structures of photosensitizing nanodrugs for 2γ-PDT in the biological optical window of 800-1,050 nm.
Mouse Spexin: (I) NMR Solution Structure, Docking Models for Receptor Binding, and Histological Expression at Tissue Level (2021)

Spexin (SPX), a highly conserved neuropeptide, is known to have diverse functions and has been implicated/associated with pathological conditions, including obesity, diabetes, anorexia nervosa, and anxiety/mood disorders. Although most of the studies on SPX involved the mouse model, the solution structure of mouse SPX, structural aspects for SPX binding with its receptors GalR2/3, and its cellular expression/distribution in mouse tissues are largely unknown. Using CD and NMR spectroscopies, the solution structure of mouse SPX was shown to be in the form of a helical peptide with a random coil from Asn<sup>1</sup> to Pro<sup>4</sup> in the N-terminal followed by an α-helix from Gln<sup>5</sup> to Gln<sup>14</sup> in the C-terminus. The molecular surface of mouse SPX is largely hydrophobic with Lys<sup>11</sup> as the only charged residue in the α-helix. Based on the NMR structure obtained, docking models of SPX binding with mouse GalR2 and GalR3 were constructed by homology modeling and MD simulation. The models deduced reveal that the amino acids in SPX, especially Asn<sup>1</sup>, Leu<sup>8</sup>, and Leu<sup>10</sup>, could interact with specific residues in ECL<sub>1&2</sub> and TMD<sub>2&7</sub> of GalR2 and GalR3 by H-bonding/hydrophobic interactions, which provides the structural evidence to support the idea that the two receptors can act as the cognate receptors for SPX. For tissue distribution of SPX, RT-PCR based on 28 tissues/organs harvested from the mouse demonstrated that SPX was ubiquitously expressed at the tissue level with notable signals detected in the brain, GI tract, liver, gonad, and adrenal gland. Using immunohistochemical staining, protein signals of SPX could be located in the liver, pancreas, white adipose tissue, muscle, stomach, kidney, spleen, gonad, adrenal, and hypothalamo-pituitary axis in a cell type-specific manner. Our results, as a whole, not only can provide the structural information for ligand/receptor interaction for SPX but also establish the anatomical basis for our on-going studies to examine the physiological functions of SPX in the mouse model.
Infrared signal generation from AC induction field heating of graphite foam (2023)

A magneto-energy apparatus includes an electromagnetic field source for generating a time-varying electromagnetic field. A graphite foam conductor is disposed within the electromagnetic field. The graphite foam when exposed to the time-varying electromagnetic field conducts an induced electric current, the electric current heating the graphite foam to produce light. An energy conversion device utilizes light energy from the heated graphite foam to perform a light energy consuming function. A device for producing light and a method of converting energy are also disclosed.
A multicentre, open‐label study of emicizumab given every 2 or 4 weeks in children with severe haemophilia A without inhibitors (2019)

Emicizumab administered Q2W or Q4W was efficacious and safe in paediatric patients with severe haemophilia A without inhibitors. This study was registered at http://www.clinicaltrials.jp (JapicCTI-173710).