gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Identity and Parentage of the Variety Known in California as Petite Sirah (1999)

DNA marker analysis was used to determine the varietal identity of Petite Sirah in public collections and commercial vineyards in California. Twenty-one vines analyzed from public collections at the University of California at Davis included accessions labeled Petite Sirah, Durif, Syrah and Serine. Fifty-three vines from 26 private Petite Sirah vineyards in four California counties were also analyzed. Several accessions each of Durif, Peloursin, and Syrah obtained from Montpellier, France and an accession of Pinot noir from the University of California at Davis were used as controls for varietal identification. Samples were analyzed with four to eight simple sequence repeat (SSR) DNA markers. Some samples were first analyzed with four DNA probes to detect restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). Davis accessions labeled Petite Sirah were found to include vines that we determined to be Durif, Peloursin, Syrah, and Pinot noir. Accessions labeled Durif9 included vines identical to Durif and Peloursin. The Syrah accessions were identical to the Syrah controls. The Serine accession was found to be Pinot noir. Forty-nine of the 53 Petite Sirah vines from private vineyards were identical to Durif. Four vines, from three vineyards in two counties, were Peloursin. Comparison of the SSR genotypes of Durif and Peloursin indicates that Durif is probably a seedling of Peloursin as reported and cannot be a selection of Peloursin (as also reported). The other parent of Durif is most probably Syrah. SSR genotypes of Durif, Peloursin, and Syrah at 25 loci are consistent with this relationship and likelihood analysis of SSR allele frequencies supports the relationship with a very high degree of probability.
Design considerations for accelerated life tests conducted on cable hardware subject to cathodic delamination (2016)

The accelerated life test (ALT) is a tool used by cable manufacturers and cable end-users to determine how long a given piece of hardware will last once deployed into the marine environment. To conduct an ALT, the failure mechanism for the hardware in question must be known, and the kinetics of that process must be determined via experimentation. Typically, Arrhenius kinetics are assumed and the activation energy for the dominant degradation process must be measured. Cathodic delamination is a major failure mechanism for undersea cable connectors. Although the mechanism via which cathodic delamination weakens/destroys metal-polymer bonds is well known, good quality kinetic data for the process (from which Arrhenius activation energies can be derived) is generally lacking. Our research into the cathodic debonding process has revealed that there are three major cases that must be examined separately to obtain the kinetic parameters needed to make the time-temperature conversions for an ALT. Case (1) concerns thin polymer films (e.g., paints) applied directly over, and completely covering, a cathodically-polarized metal surface. Here, the water and oxygen needed for the cathodic reduction of dissolved oxygen reaction on the metal surface can diffuse directly and rapidly through the polymer layer. Two different methods for calculating the diffusivity of water through the polymer layer will be discussed. Once water diffusivity at three different temperatures has been measured, the natural logarithm of the diffusivity values can be plotted versus the reciprocal absolute temperature to obtain the slope of a line from which the Arrhenius activation energy for water diffusion through the polymer can be calculated. Cases (2) and (3) involve macroscopically thick layers of polymer with exposed polymer/metal bond lines. If metal-polymer bonds susceptible to attack by cathodic delamination are present, debonding will proceed inwards from the exposed edges. Measurements of the rate at which the width of the debonded region grows at three different temperatures can be used to calculate an Arrhenius activation energy. Case (3) is more difficult because it concerns materials/coatings that are resistant to cathodic delamination; no obvious debonding occurs during the early part of the ALT. For this case, a reaction acceleration factor (RAF) must be experimentally determined by measuring the corrosion current density (icorr) for the reduction of water reaction using the two metals involved (usually a sacrificial anode and the metal surface of interest). The icorr value for the sacrificial anode/metal substrate pair is measured using a potentiostat at the anticipated service temperature and also at the intended ALT temperature. The ratio of these two values is the RAF and can be used directly to determine time-temperature conversion factor for the ALT.
High Throughput Synthesis of Functionalised 1,3-Diones and Subsequent Heterocycle Formation (2002)

A functionalisation of 1,3-diones using hypervalent iodine has been developed that is useful in the preparation of libraries of heterocyclic compounds.
Alkane Transfer—Dehydrogenation Catalyzed by a Pincer‐Ligated Iridium Complex (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Cleaning and Lining Versus Parallel Mains (1985)

Cleaning and lining a water main is often an economical alternative to installing a parallel main or spending large amounts of money on energy to overcome large head losses due to friction. This paper first presents methods for selecting the length of pipe to be cleaned and lined, and the diameter and length of the parallel pipe to be installed to meet a target head loss. Then, the costs of each approach are compared. In general, the decision to clean and line a main depends mostly on the head loss in the main, at the design flow rate.
District and Building Energy Systems: A Collaborative Exchange of Results on Optimal System Operation for Energy Efficiency (2019)

Workshop organized by INDIGO project as a collaborative activity among EU funded projects in the area of District Energy Systems. The objective of the workshop was twofold: (1) to create a cluster of European funded projects working in the area of Energy Systems; and (2) to create a networking opportunity in which to share experiences on the results and difficulties of the researches, and to identify synergies.
Mathematical study of thrombogenic potentiality of an implant surface (2018)

The functional activity of the implant can be interrupted due to the interaction of blood protein with the implant surface resulting in the formation of blood clot on the surface of foreign biomaterial can interrupt. The objective of this study was to investigate the thrombogenic potentiality of a blood-contact surface via computational techniques. The mechanism and scheme of reactions along with the interaction of the inhibitors were discussed. The mathematical simulation of the system of differential equations of coagulation reactions involving the respective factors and inhibitors was conducted with appropriate kinetic parameters and boundary conditions. The concentrations profile of important factors and major inhibitors obtained from simulation were listed and compared with literature data.
Spin-Hall effect MRAM based cache memory: A feasibility study (2015)

One of the key objectives of STT-MRAM research has been on minimizing switching current while maintaining the required nonvolatility. To address this challenge, non-traditional MRAMs based on novel switching mechanisms have been proposed. In particular, spin-Hall effect (SHE) which utilizes large spin currents generated in the direction transverse to the charge current have been recently drawing attention [1]. Despite early promises such as lower switching current by means of efficient spin generation (i.e. I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">spin</sub> /I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">charge</sub> >100%) and longer device lifetime owing to the decoupled read and write paths, there is still a lack of a comprehensive study for benchmarking SHE-MRAM against other memory technologies. In this work, we explore the trade-off points across different levels of design abstraction (i.e. device, circuit, and architecture) to evaluate the feasibility of SHE-MRAM for large on-die cache memory.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Spin on Magnetic Memories (2015)

Abstract Review: 32 refs.
Coordination of mammary metabolism and blood flow after refeeding in rats (2009)

The production of milk is closely linked to nutritional state in many mammalian species, but the mechanisms by which changes in nutritional state are signaled to the mammary glands are poorly understood. Simultaneous measurements of mammary blood flow and glucose arterio-venous difference were made across the inguinal mammary glands of anesthetized, lactating rats. Blood flow to the mammary glands of previously fed rats was 0.48 mL/min per gram of mammary tissue. Glucose supply was 1.7 mumol/min per gram and 28% was extracted by the mammary glands. After food deprivation for 18 h, mammary blood flow decreased 48%, glucose arterio-venous difference decreased 72%, and hematocrit increased 7%, resulting in a 60% decrease in glucose supply and an 88% decrease in glucose uptake. After 1 h of refeeding, glucose supply had returned to a similar level to that of normally fed animals, but glucose uptake was 60% higher than in the normally fed state. Mammary glucose uptake was not closely linked to either blood flow or glucose supply, suggesting that substrate supply was not the primary determinant of mammary metabolism. Denervation experiments showed that the mammary metabolic response to altered nutritional state was also unlikely to be closely controlled by neural pathways. Severance of the cutaneous branch of the posterior division of the femoral nerve innervating the inguinal mammary glands did not reduce the high glucose uptake by mammary glands of either fed or refed rats, nor did denervation change the low glucose uptake by mammary glands of food-deprived rats. Denervation reduced blood flow in the associated mammary gland, however, indicating that neural pathways may play a role in supporting mammary blood flow when food is available. In in vitro experiments, the rate of glucose uptake was 35% lower in mammary acini from food-deprived rats than in fed rats 2.5 h after tissue removal, indicating some persistence of the food deprivation-induced suppression of mammary metabolism. Administration of insulin increased glucose uptake in acini from both fed and food-deprived rats, indicating that insulin may be involved in signaling the mammary gland of the restoration of nutrient supply when food-deprived rats are refed. The effects of administration of a gut extract in vivo and in vitro are discussed.
Tolerance envelopes of planar mechanical parts (2004)

We present a framework for the systematic study of parametric variation in planar mechanical parts and for efficiently computing approximations of their tolerance envelopes. Part features are specified by explicit functions defining their position and shape as a function of parameters whose nominal values vary along tolerance intervals. Their tolerance envelopes model perfect form Least and Most Material Conditions (LMC/MMC). Tolerance envelopes are useful in many design tasks such as quantifying functional errors, identifying unexpected part collisions, and determining device assemblability. We derive geometric properties of the tolerance envelopes and describe four efficient algorithms for computing first-order linear approximations with increasing accuracy. Our experimental results on three realistic examples show that the implemented algorithms produce better results in terms of accuracy and running time than the commonly used Monte Carlo method.
Dynamics of phase transformations and microstructure evolution in carbon–manganese steel arc welds using time-resolved synchrotron X-ray diffraction (2003)

Phase transformations that occur in both the heat-affected zone (HAZ) and the fusion zone (FZ) of a carbon-manganese steel spot weld have been investigated using time-resolved X-ray diffraction (TRXRD) with time resolutions down to 50 ms. It is found that in both zones the gamma(f.c.c.) --> alpha(b.c.c.) transformation on cooling is twice as fast as the forward transformation of alpha --> gamma on heating. Profile analysis of the major Bragg reflections recorded in the TRXRD patterns reveals similarities and differences in the microstructural evolution with time in the HAZ and in the FZ. The latter undergoes melting and solidification in addition to solid-state transformations. With increasing temperature, the (110) d-spacing of the alpha phase prior to and during the alpha --> gamma transformation and the (111) d-spacing of the gamma phase just after the same transformation exhibit a decrease. The observed (and unusual) lattice contraction with temperature rise may be attributed to chemical effects, such as carbide precipitation in the alpha matrix, and/or mechanical effects due to stress relief. In the FZ, the gamma-Fe that forms has a preferential (200) texture on solidification of the liquid, whereas, on cooling in the HAZ, the gamma-Fe retains largely a (111) texture that is induced in the alpha --> gamma transformation on heating. On cooling in the HAZ, the width of the gamma(111) reflection increases initially, which is indicative of microstrain developing in the f.c.c. lattice, but decreases as expected, with a reduction of thermal disorder, on further cooling until the completion of the gamma --> alpha transformation. In the FZ, however, the microstrain in the gamma phase increases steadily on solidification and more rapidly for the duration of the gamma --> alpha transformation on further cooling. The final microstructure of the FZ is likely to consist of a single alpha phase dispersed in two morphological entities, whereas in the HAZ the alpha phase persists in one morphological entity in the final microstructure.
Potent neutralizing anti-SARS-CoV-2 human antibodies cure infection with SARS-CoV-2 variants in hamster model (2022)

Treatment with neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) contributes to COVID-19 management. Unfortunately, SARS-CoV-2 variants escape several of these recently approved mAbs, highlighting the need for additional discovery and development. In a convalescent patient with COVID-19, we identified six mAbs, classified in four epitope groups, that potently neutralized SARS-CoV-2 D614G, beta, gamma, and delta infection <i>in vitro</i>, with three mAbs neutralizing omicron as well. In hamsters, mAbs 3E6 and 3B8 potently cured infection with SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan, beta, and delta when administered post-viral infection at 5 mg/kg. Even at 0.2 mg/kg, 3B8 still reduced viral titers. Intramuscular delivery of DNA-encoded 3B8 resulted in <i>in vivo</i> mAb production of median serum levels up to 90 μg/mL, and protected hamsters against delta infection. Overall, our data mark 3B8 as a promising candidate against COVID-19, and highlight advances in both the identification and gene-based delivery of potent human mAbs.
Wafer-scale Graphene Electro-absorption Modulators Fabricated in a 300mm CMOS Platform (2023)

Graphene-based devices have shown great promise for several applications. For graphene devices to be used in real-world systems, it is necessary to demonstrate competitive device performance, repeatability of results, reliability, and a path to large-scale manufacturing with high yield at low cost. Here, we select single-layer graphene electro-absorption modulators as test vehicle and establish their wafer-scale integration in a 300mm pilot CMOS foundry environment. A hardmask is used to shape graphene, while tungsten-based contacts are fabricated using the damascene approach to enable CMOS-compatible fabrication. By analyzing data from hundreds of devices per wafer, the impact of specific processing steps on the performance could be identified and optimized. After optimization, modulation depth of 50 $\pm$ 4 dB/mm is demonstrated on 400 devices measured using 6 V peak-to-peak voltage. The electro-optical bandwidth is up to 15.1 $\pm$ 1 1.8 GHz for 25$μ$m-long devices. The results achieved are comparable to lab-based record-setting graphene devices of similar design and CVD graphene quality. By demonstrating the reproducibility of the results across hundreds of devices, this work resolves the bottleneck of graphene wafer-scale integration. Furthermore, CMOS-compatible processing enables co-integration of graphene-based devices with other photonics and electronics building blocks on the same chip, and for high-volume low-cost manufacturing.
4-Chloro-7-(iodoacetyl)amino-3-methoxyisocoumarin (1996)

The crystal structure of the iodo analog of 7-(bromoacetyl)amino-4-chloro-3-methoxyisocoumarin, an inhibitor of human neutrophil elastase (HNE), C12H9ClINO4, has been determined. The isocoumarin ring system is highly planar, with the carbonyl group of the amide function being coplanar with the isocoumarin ring.
A Study of Nanoparticle Removal on Patterned Surfaces (2013)

In this paper a novel method is presented whereby both the damage and the particle removal efficiency on one patterned substrate can be assessed. The method is based on defect inspection by an automated brightfield inspection tool and its successive defect classification. In order to evaluate the method, a representative and common cleaning technique, aerosol spray cleaning, was used. The performance of this method was compared with particle removal efficiency evaluation on non-patterned substrates. Interestingly, particle removal efficiencies on patterned surfaces were much lower than on blanket silicon wafers.
Fault coverage analysis in monitored sequential circuits (2002)

This paper discusses the fault detection capabilities of monitored synchronous sequential circuits. Here a monitoring machine operates in lock-step with the main machine. This approach has two desirable features for fault detection. Besides the monitoring machine being less costly than the main machine, it is also not identical to it. It is shown that these features result in an improved fault coverage, of simultaneous delay faults affecting both the machines, as compared to duplication. At the same time, the hardware cost of the monitored sequential circuit is significantly lower.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Analysis of Particle Flow in an Internally Circulating Fluidized Bed Having Several Chambers. (2002)

1つの流動層内に仕切り壁を設けて複数の室に分割し，各室の流速を任意に設定することで層内粒子循環を可能にする内部循環流動層開発の一貫として，層内粒子循環流の解析を行った．ガス化室，チャー燃焼室，流動媒体沈降室の3種類の室をもつ内部循環流動床ガス化炉（ICFG）の1/1コールドモデル試験結果から推測したホットモデルの粒子循環量は，実測データとほぼ一致し，粒子循環量は流動媒体沈降室の過剰ガス速度に依存することがわかった．多宝内部循環流動層においては，粒子のスプラッシュによる隣室への飛込みと隔壁に設けられた開口部での絞り抵抗およびそこでの粒子層粘度が影響するが，これらを考慮した圧力バランスに基づく循環量推算モデルを構築した．ホットモデル運転データから求めた粒子循環量は推算値とよく一致し，本モデルの妥当性を確認した．
Synthetic Cells: From Simple Bio‐Inspired Modules to Sophisticated Integrated Systems (2021)

Bottom-up synthetic biology is the science of building systems that mimic the structure and function of living cells from scratch. To do this, researchers combine tools from chemistry, materials science, and biochemistry to develop functional and structural building blocks to construct synthetic cell-like systems. The many strategies and materials that have been developed in recent decades have enabled scientists to engineer synthetic cells and organelles that mimic the essential functions and behaviors of natural cells. Examples include synthetic cells that can synthesize their own ATP using light, maintain metabolic reactions through enzymatic networks, perform gene replication, and even grow and divide. In this Review, we discuss recent developments in the design and construction of synthetic cells and organelles using the bottom-up approach. Our goal is to present representative synthetic cells of increasing complexity as well as strategies for solving distinct challenges in bottom-up synthetic biology.
Blankets for tritium catalyzed deuterium (TCD) fusion reactors (1984)

The TCD fusion fuel cycle - where the /sup 3/He from the D(D,n)/sup 3/He reaction is transmuted, by neutron capture in the blanket, into tritium which is fed back to the plasma - was recently recognized as being potentially more promising than the Catalyzed Deuterium (Cat-D) fuel cycle for tokamak power reactors. It is the purpose of the present work to assess the feasibility of, and to identify promising directions for designing blankets for TCD fusion reactors.
Coupled Plasma Filtration Adsorption (2002)

Both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators participate in the pathogenesis of sepsis and explain the failure of specific therapies to improve survival. Continuous extracorporeal therapies have been proposed as a therapeutic option in sepsis. We have studied the effects of plasma filtration associated with adsorption in patients with septic shock. We have shown that such treatment may lead to improved survival in a rabbit model of sepsis and to improved hemodynamics, reduced norepinephrine dose and restoration of near-to-normal responsiveness of blood leukocytes to endotoxin in humans. It is anticipated that treatment of plasma, as a device modular to conventional hemofiltration, may pave the way to innovative approaches to the extracorporeal treatment of septic patients.
Sensory impact of chemical and natural antimicrobials on poultry products: a review (2015)

Antimicrobial agents are added to poultry products after slaughter to prevent the growth of pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms and to extend the shelf-life of these products. Antimicrobials can be either natural or chemical, which may affect the sensory attributes at elevated concentrations, such as surface color, odor, flavor, taste, and texture of the poultry products. Thus, when selecting antimicrobials for use in poultry processing, it is vital to consider the antimicrobial-induced changes in sensory aspects from the consumers' perspectives. In spite of its importance, there has been no systematic review on the influences of antimicrobials on sensory aspects of poultry products. This paper reviews the major antimicrobial agents used in the poultry processing industry and their effects on sensory aspects of the poultry products.
Modeling Methodology for Engineering SI-POF and Connectors in an Avionics System (2012)

We introduce a two-step simulation methodology that is used to engineer a typical avionics telecommunication system based on step-index plastic optical fiber (SI-POF). The approach combines a phenomenological model that solves the spatial propagation equation in SI-POF and optical connectors and a time/frequency-domain approach using a commercial simulation tool. SI-POF as well as connectors are characterized using the experiment and a system case study is engineered using the above model. This approach provides a faster and more efficient modeling methodology compared to using the traditional time/frequency-domain approach.
Forward error correction for the synchronous optical network (SONET) signal standard (2003)

The design, feasibility, performance, and implementation of a single-error correcting code, applicable to the STS-1 format of the SONET standard, are considered. It is shown that if two of the presently unallocated bytes in the path overhead field of STS-1 are assigned for FEC (forward error correction), an optional (6208,6195) shortened Hamming code can be implemented in as few as 16500 gates, achieving single-error correction over the STS-1 payload. The shortened code is derived from (8191,8178) perfect Hamming code having 13 check bits. The suggested implementation is such that all path, line, and section overhead functions can be performed at intermediate sites without requiring FEC decoding. The motivation for STS-1 level FEC in SONET is to improve end-to-end performance to virtually error-free levels, to obtain relaxations in laser specifications, and improved dispersion tolerance in gigabit-rate OC-n transmission systems, and to obtain an advanced performance monitoring function. >