gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Si CMOS process-compatible guided-wave optical interconnects</title> (1999)

We report the formation of polyimide-based H-tree waveguides for a multi-GBit/sec optical clock signal distribution in a Si CMOS process compatible environment. Such a clock distribution system is to replace the existing electronic counterpart associated with high-speed supercomputers such as Cray T-90 machine. A waveguide propagation loss of 0.21 dB/cm at 850 nm was experimentally confirmed for the 1-to-48 waveguide fanout device. The planarization requirement of the optical interconnection layer among many electrical interconnection layers makes the employment of tilted grating a choice of desire. Theoretical calculation predicts the 1-to-1 free-space to waveguide coupling with an efficiency as high as 95 percent. Currently, a coupling efficiency of 35 percent was experimentally confirmed due to the limited index difference between guiding and cladding layers. Further experiments aimed at structuring a larger guiding/cladding layer index differences are under investigation. To effectively couple an optical signal into the waveguide through the tilted grating coupler, the accuracy of the wavelength employed is pivotal. This makes the usage of the vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) and VCSEL arrays the best choice when compared with edge-emitting lasers. Modulation bandwidth as high as 6 GHz was demonstrated at 850 nm. Such a wavelength is compatible with Si-based photodetectors.
Quantitative, in vivo fluorescence measurements with a two-photon fiber probe (2004)

We demonstrate the capability of a two-photon optical fiber fluorescence (TPOFF) probe for quantitative, in vivo fluorescence measurements in mice tumors.
S1111 Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Is Associated With Increased Disease Severity in Patients With COVID-19 (2020)

INTRODUCTION: Coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 is a global pandemic that carries significant morbidity and mortality. However, the effect of COVID-19 on liver disease, and vice versa, is not well-characterized in the United States. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a highly prevalent condition associated with metabolic disease including diabetes and obesity. We examined the association between NAFLD and COVID19 disease severity in a large cohort of patients. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed a cohort of 396 consecutive adult patients with RT-PCR positive for COVID-19 between March 1 and April 30, 2020 at Michigan Medicine. NAFLD was defined as either prior imaging evidence of steatosis or hepatic steatosis index >36 for Asians or >39 for non-Asians, with no history of alcohol abuse. The primary outcome was disease severity based on admission to intensive care, intubation, death, or the World Health Organization (WHO) ordinal scale. We used multivariable logistic regression to assess the predictors of intensive care, intubation, or death and linear regression for disease severity on WHO ordinal scale. NAFLD was the primary predictor and models were adjusted for age, sex, race, recent healthcare exposure, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. RESULTS: The median age was 60.5 years, 52% were male, 46% were Black, 41% were White and 54% had NAFLD. Of 396 patients, 86% were hospitalized, 45% required intensive care, 30% required intubation, and 14% died. 213 (54%) patients had NAFLD. Patients with NAFLD were older (65 vs. 57 years; P < 0.001), had higher body mass index (34.5 vs. 26.4; P < 0.001), and higher prevalence of diabetes (45% vs. 34%; P = 0.039) than those without NAFLD (Table 1). NAFLD was independently associated with increased odds of requiring admission to the intensive care unit (odds ratio [OR] 1.66 [1.06-2.62], P = 0.027) and intubation (OR 2.46 [1.50-4.04], P < 0.001), as well as higher WHO ordinal scale (beta 0.43 [0.03-0.84], P = 0.036). There was no significant association between NAFLD and death (OR 0.84 [0.46-1.67], P = 0.62) (Table 2.) CONCLUSION: Our study shows that patients with NAFLD were more likely to develop severe disease with COVID-19.Table 1Table 2
Alzheimer's Aβ40 Studied by NMR at Low pH Reveals That Sodium 4,4-Dimethyl-4-silapentane-1-sulfonate (DSS) Binds and Promotes β-Ball Oligomerization (2004)

The Alzheimer's Abeta40 peptide forms soluble oligomers that are extremely potent neurotoxins and strongly impede synapses function. In this study the formation and structure of the large, soluble, neurotoxic Abeta40 oligomer called "beta-ball" were characterized by two-dimensional NMR, circular dichroism, fluorescence spectroscopy, hydrogen exchange, and equilibrium sedimentation. In acidic aqueous solution, half the Abeta40 molecules are in the beta-ball state; the remainder are monomeric. The equilibrium between the two states is slow as judged by NMR linewidths and is stable for months. The kinetics of beta-ball formation from monomer are biphasic with tau1 = 7 min and tau2 = 80 min with no transient helix formation. Monomeric Abeta40 is essentially devoid of stable secondary structure, although the central, Leu17-Ala21, and C-terminal, Gly29-Val40, hydrophobic regions show propensity toward adopting extended structure, and residues 22-25 tended to form a turn. We found that sodium 4,4-dimethyl-4-silapentane-1-sulfonate (DSS) binds to the central hydrophobic region of monomeric Abeta40. DSS binds beta-balls more strongly and caused them to double in size. Plausible micelle-like models for the beta-ball structure with and without bound DSS are presented.
High Speed Forming 2012 (2012)

Since the first ICHSF, which was held in Dortmund, this biannual conference has grown into one of the major events for high speed forming technologies and its applications. The conference is organized as a joint event of the Institute of Forming Technology and Lightweight Construction of TU Dortmund University and the Department of Materials Science and Engineering of the Ohio State University. Like its four predecessors, the ICHSF 2012 shall provide an international forum for the exchange of experience and knowledge to scientists, manufacturers, industrial operators as well as other interested persons. The large number of international participants from 12 different countries emphasizes the demand for discussions in this niche technology. Accordingly, the conference will serve as a platform to present research results regarding the process technologies, tools and equipment, energy, materials and measurement techniques, modeling and simulation, and industrial applications. We would like to take this opportunity to cordially thank the authors and co-authors, the scientific committee as well as all participants of the conference for their valuable contributions. We are particularly honored to welcome you to Dortmund. Dortmund, April 2012
Scalable Surface Reconstruction in the Mobile Edge (2018)

Various augmented and virtual reality (AR/VR) applications have emerged in the past years and their popularity are still increasing. Most of these applications work near real-time, posing low-latency requirements against the algorithms to be used. The high computational complexity of 3D mesh generation from continuous 3D point cloud streams provided by depth cameras requires strong processors that have high energy consumption, leading to low battery life of mobile devices. By moving the processing to mobile edge computing (MEC) servers, the smart phones can be offloaded and thus their battery life can be extended. In this paper, we propose a highly-scalable method for near real-time 3D mesh generation by exploiting the advances of MEC.
NFDI for Catalysis-Related Sciences (2021)

Die Katalyse ist ein sehr komplexes und interdisziplinäres wissenschaftliches Gebiet, das die effiziente Herstellung einer Vielzahl von Produkten für verschiedene Branchen und in unterschiedlichen Produktionsgrößen ermöglicht. Somit ist die Katalyse eine der Schlüsseltechnologien zur Bewältigung wesentlicher Herausforderungen wie einer nachhaltigen Energieversorgung oder des Klimawandels. Das Datenmanagement in der Katalyse ist derzeit überwiegend auf institutioneller oder Arbeitsgruppenebene organisiert und basiert auf lokalen Konventionen. Übergreifende Repositorien und Standards, wie Daten inklusive Metadaten gespeichert werden sollen, existieren nur in rudimentärer Form. Um den höchstmöglichen Mehrwert aus der Katalyseforschung zu generieren, ist ein grundlegender Wandel in der Katalyseforschung und den katalyseverwandten Wissenschaften wie Chemieingenieurwesen und Verfahrenstechnik erforderlich. Die verschiedenen Disziplinen der Katalyse im Hinblick auf das Datenmanagement zusammenzuführen, ist die zentrale Herausforderung. Aus all diesen Notwendigkeiten heraus wurde im Rahmen der Initiative zur Nationalen Forschungsdateninfrastruktur (NFDI) das NFDI4Cat-Konsortium gegründet. Als eines von derzeit neun geförderten Konsortien konzentriert sich NFDI4Cat auf die Wissenschaften rund um die Katalyse. Dieser Artikel beschreibt die Motivation der Gründungsmitglieder für dieses im Oktober 2020 gestartete Konsortium und wie die Ziele in Bezug auf die Fachcommunity, die technische Infrastruktur und insbesondere das Forschungsdatenmanagement erreicht werden sollen. Darüber hinaus eröffnet die dynamische Entwicklung moderner Technologien zur Erfassung, Bereitstellung und zur Analyse großer Datenmengen neue Möglichkeiten für wissenschaftlichen Fortschritt in den Einzeldisziplinen und insbesondere an deren Nahtstellen.
Twisted Intramolecular Charge-Transfer State of a Donor-Acceptor Molecular System with a .beta.-Diketone Bridge: Tuning of Emission through Structural Restriction by Metal Cation Coordination (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTwisted Intramolecular Charge-Transfer State of a Donor-Acceptor Molecular System with a .beta.-Diketone Bridge: Tuning of Emission through Structural Restriction by Metal Cation CoordinationYasushi Sato, Minoru Morimoto, Hiroshi Segawa, and Takeo ShimidzuCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1995, 99, 1, 35–39Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100001a007https://doi.org/10.1021/j100001a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views402Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Some mercuration reactions of substituted pyrroles (1989)

Mercuration of N-unsubstituted pyrroles with mercury(II) acetate results in immediate precipitation of the N-mercurated derivative, which is insoluble in virtually all organic solvents. If the pyrrole N atom is protected (e.g. with Me, CH2OCH2Ph, or CO2t-Bu) then mercuration takes place efficiently at unsubstituted pyrrole carbons. Subsequent palladium/olefin (Heck-type) reactions afford the corresponding pyrrole acrylate when, for example, the olefin is methyl acrylate; deprotection (when the N-substituent is CH2OCH2Ph or CO2t-Bu) then affords the required carbon-substituted pyrrole. Attempts to deprotect the N-methylpyrroles were unsuccessful. © 1989, American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.
Hydrophone arrays for instantaneous measurement of high-pressure acoustic fields (2010)

Electrohydraulic lithotripter acoustic fields are measured with single‐element hydrophones even though the acoustic fields are not highly repeatable. The ability to obtain an instantaneous "snapshot" of the sound field would have broad implications for advancing the understanding of how lithotripters fragment stones and damage kidney tissue. To better characterize the acoustic field of lithotripters, linear hydrophone arrays were fabricated by bonding a 9 μm piezopolymer film to a copper‐clad polyimide which had an array pattern etched on the copper layer. After bonding, the devices were backed with an epoxy plug in order to provide structural support. The array elements were each 0.5 by 0.5 mm, spaced 1.25 mm center to center, and there were 20 elements. The relative sensitivity of each hydrophone element was measured at 5.25 MHz for an acoustic pressure of 4.5 kPa and the elements were found to vary by ≈ 6%. The arrays were then placed in the focus of a piezoelectric lithotripter and were found to maintain their sensitivity for roughly 500 shock waves before gradually losing sensitivity.
Characterization of STAT3 activation and expression in canine and human osteosarcoma (2009)

These data suggest that STAT3 activation contributes to the survival and proliferation of human and canine OSA cells, thereby providing a potentially promising target for therapeutic intervention. Future investigational trials of LLL3 in dogs with spontaneous OSA will help to more accurately define the role of STAT3 in the clinical setting.
Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease therapies in the clinic (2022)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases, affecting millions and costing billions each year in the United States alone. Despite tremendous progress in developing therapeutics that manage the symptoms of these two diseases, the scientific community has yet to develop a treatment that effectively slows down, inhibits, or cures neurodegeneration. To gain a better understanding of the current therapeutic frontier for the treatment of AD and PD, we provide a review on past and present therapeutic strategies for these two major neurodegenerative disorders in the clinical trial process. We briefly recap currently US Food and Drug Administration-approved therapies, and then explore trends in clinical trials across the variables of therapy mechanism of disease intervention, administration route, use of delivery vehicle, and outcome measures, across the clinical phases over time for "Drug" and "Biologic" therapeutics. We then present the success rate of past clinical trials and analyze the intersections in therapeutic approaches for AD and PD, revealing the shift in clinical trials away from therapies targeting neurotransmitter systems that provide symptomatic relief, and towards anti-aggregation, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and regeneration strategies that aim to inhibit the root causes of disease progression. We also highlight the evolving distribution of the types of "Biologic" therapies investigated, and the slowly increasing yet still severe under-utilization of delivery vehicles for AD and PD therapeutics. We then briefly discuss novel preclinical strategies for treating AD and PD. Overall, this review aims to provide a succinct overview of the clinical landscape of AD and PD therapies to better understand the field's therapeutic strategy in the past and the field's evolution in approach to the present, to better inform how to effectively treat AD and PD in the future.
Viden (2017)

Various defense schemes --- which determine the presence of an attack on the in-vehicle network --- have recently been proposed. However, they fail to identify which Electronic Control Unit (ECU) actually mounted the attack. Clearly, pinpointing the attacker ECU is essential for fast/efficient forensic, isolation, security patch, etc. To meet this need, we propose a novel scheme, called Viden (Voltage-based attacker identification), which can identify the attacker ECU by measuring and utilizing voltages on the in-vehicle network. The first phase of Viden, called ACK learning, determines whether or not the measured voltage signals really originate from the genuine message transmitter. Viden then exploits the voltage measurements to construct and update the transmitter ECUs' voltage profiles as their fingerprints. It finally uses the voltage profiles to identify the attacker ECU. Since Viden adapts its profiles to changes inside/outside of the vehicle, it can pinpoint the attacker ECU under various conditions. Moreover, its efficiency and design-compliance with modern in-vehicle network implementations make Viden practical and easily deployable. Our extensive experimental evaluations on both a CAN bus prototype and two real vehicles have shown that Viden can accurately fingerprint ECUs based solely on voltage measurements and thus identify the attacker ECU with a low false identification rate of 0.2%.
Experimental Verification of the Mitigation of Intra-Channel Nonlinear Impairments based on Digital Spectral Shaping with 50Gbps PM-iRZ-QPSK signal over 10,080km transmission (2012)

We propose a method of spectral shaping at the transmitter to mitigate intra-channel nonlinear impairments. Experimental results exhibit 2dB increase of the optimal launch power and nonlinear tolerance enhancement with digital spectral shaping of a 50Gbps PM-iRZ-QPSK signal generated with a high-speed DAC-based transmitter over a 10,080km link.
A Thermostable Oral SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Induces Mucosal and Protective Immunity (2022)

An ideal protective vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 should not only be effective in preventing disease, but also in preventing virus transmission. It should also be well accepted by the population and have a simple logistic chain. To fulfill these criteria, we developed a thermostable, orally administered vaccine that can induce a robust mucosal neutralizing immune response. We used our platform based on retrovirus-derived enveloped virus-like particles (eVLPs) harnessed with variable surface proteins (VSPs) from the intestinal parasite <i>Giardia lamblia</i>, affording them resistance to degradation and the triggering of robust mucosal cellular and antibody immune responses after oral administration. We made eVLPs expressing various forms of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein (S), with or without membrane protein (M) expression. We found that prime-boost administration of VSP-decorated eVLPs expressing a pre-fusion stabilized form of S and M triggers robust mucosal responses against SARS-CoV-2 in mice and hamsters, which translate into complete protection from a viral challenge. Moreover, they dramatically boosted the IgA mucosal response of intramuscularly injected vaccines. We conclude that our thermostable orally administered eVLP vaccine could be a valuable addition to the current arsenal against SARS-CoV-2, in a stand-alone prime-boost vaccination strategy or as a boost for existing vaccines.
An enhanced two-dimensional color barcode system (2011)

In a barcode system text information are encoded into image and an electronic device is used for retrieving encoded information by scanning that image. There are many kind of barcode systems are permitted by International Standard Audiovisual Number-International Agency (ISAN-IA). These barcode systems are used for different purposes like- identifying retail and grocery items, encode Zip Codes, libraries, printed circuit board manufacturing etc. Nowadays, it has become a priority concern of storing more information into a barcode image from the perspective of the size of barcode, and 2-Dimensional (2-D) barcode are taking on increasing significance for their better capability to store massive amount of information than ever before. In this paper, we propose an enhanced encoding system for 2-D color barcode that can store more than thousand of characters, and a decoding system as well to retrieve stored information from the barcode image which applies a probabilistic error correction mechanism for reliability. The proposed barcode system uses a static hash table which contains the values of eighty seven different characters and a color table which contains 16 different colors for different patterns of nibble where each nibble pattern is unique. For information encoding, value of each character is converted into binary nibble, and then color pixel from the color table according to the nibble pattern. The decoding mechanism is the reverse of encoding along with the error correction mechanism.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Dysfunctional Microvasculature as a Consequence of <i>Shb</i> Gene Inactivation Causes Impaired Tumor Growth (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1 from Dysfunctional Microvasculature as a Consequence of &lt;i&gt;Shb&lt;/i&gt; Gene Inactivation Causes Impaired Tumor Growth
Balancing circuit for a 5kV/50ns pulsed power switch based on SiC-JFET Super Cascode (2009)

In many pulse power applications there is a trend to modulators based on semiconductor technology. For these modulators high voltage and high current semiconductor switches are required in order to achieve a high pulsed power. Therefore, often high power IGBT modules or IGCT devices are used. Since these devices are based on bipolar technology the switching speed is limited and the switching losses are higher. In contrast to bipolar devices unipolar ones (e.g. SiC JFETs) basically offer a better switching performance. Moreover, these devices enable high blocking voltages in case wide band gap materials as for example SiC are used. At the moment SiC JFET devices with a blocking voltage of 1.2kV per JFET are available. Alternatively, the operating voltage could be increased by connecting N JFETs and a low voltage MOSFET in series resulting in a super cascode switch with a blocking voltage N-times higher than the blocking voltage of a single JFET. For the super cascode auxiliary elements are required for achieving a statically and dynamically balanced voltage distribution in the cascode. In this paper a new balancing circuit, which results in faster switching transients and higher possible operating pulse currents is presented and validated by measurement results.