gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pseudomonas syringae effector AvrPtoB suppresses basal defence in Arabidopsis (2006)

The virulence and avirulence activities of members of the Pseudomonas syringae HopAB family of effectors and AvrPto were examined in bean, tomato and Arabidopsis. Proteins were delivered by the RW60 strain of P. syringae pv. phaseolicola. RW60 causes a hypersensitive reaction (HR) in bean and tomato but is restricted without the HR in Arabidopsis. Dual avirulence and virulence functions in tomato and bean, respectively, were identified in virPphA homologues but only avrPtoB strongly enhanced virulence to Arabidopsis, overcoming basal defences operating against RW60. Virulence activity in both bean and Arabidopsis required regions of the C-terminus of the AvrPtoB protein, whereas elicitation of the rapid HR in tomato, with the matching Pto resistance gene, did not. The effect of AvrPtoB on Arabidopsis was accession-specific; most obvious in Wassilewskija (Ws-3), intermediate in Columbia and not detectable in Niedersenz (Nd-1) after inoculation with RW60 + avrPtoB. Analysis of crosses between Ws-3 and Nd-1 indicated co-segregation for the AvrPtoB virulence function with the absence of the Nd-1 FLS2 gene which mediates recognition of bacterial flagellin. In planta expression of AvrPtoB did not prevent the HR activated by P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000 + avrB, avrRpm1, avrRps4 or avrRpt2, but suppressed cell wall alterations, including callose deposition, characteristic of basal defence and was associated with reprogramming of the plant's transcriptional response. The success or failure of AvrPtoB in suppressing basal defences in Nd-1 depended on the timing of exposure of plant cells to the effector and the flagellin flg22 peptide.
Wavelet-Based Time-Domain Solutions for Common-Mode Currents on Open-Form Conductors Modeled With Band-Limited Scattering Parameters (2018)

One of the technical challenges of future naval surface combatants in utilizing medium-voltage dc distribution systems is common-mode coupling and galvanic isolation for managing faults and personal safety. The behavioral modeling reported in this paper is computationally efficient to be used in modeling distributed common-mode currents and potentials throughout the open-form conductor, which in this case is the ship structure. Physics-based modeling is used to form a multiport S-parameter behavioral model of the ship structure that complements the S-parameter models of parasitic paths to grounded equipment enclosures and cables sheaths. A time-domain common-mode conduction example is presented to illustrate the workflow that converts physics-based models of elementary hull elements into a complete S-parameter behavioral model of an arbitrary hull structure with power cables running along it. Because of the measurement and the simulation bandwidth limitation, the frequency domain model based on S-Parameters is band-limited. A novel approach for reconstructing the system impulse response in the time domain from its band-limited S-parameter model is introduced using continuous wavelet transform utilizing fast Fourier transform.
Detection of myocardinal boundaries from ultrasound imagery using active contours (2004)

Tracking the motion of the myocardium of the murine heart from ultrasound image sequence aids in the assessment of therapies on human cardiovascular illness. In order to track myocardium, it is necessary to segment both the inner and outer boundaries of the myocardium in each frame. In this paper, we present a snake-based method to the problem of myocardium contouring by exploiting the features of the ultrasound imagery of the mouse heart and speckle reducing anisotropic diffusion. The proposed algorithm features an adaptive snake initialization technique. A sequence of 20 images is tested using the proposed approach and the obtained results are compared with manual outlines of the myocardium. It is shown that the method agrees well qualitatively and quantitatively in terms of the Pratt's figure of merit as stated in W.K. Pratt (1977).
Particle separation in laminar tube flows with downstream expansion (2010)

Abstract Die Klassierung von Partikeln mit zur Trägerflüssigkeit vergleichbarer Dichte, z. B. zur Abtrennung von Stippen aus Polymerschmelzen, kann in einem laminar durchströmten, vertikalen Rohr durchgeführt werden, das in einer Strömungsaufweitung und einer Absaugung mit relativ großem Querschnitt mündet. An einer Trennapparatur im Labormaßstab wurden grundlegende Versuche im Rohr‐Reynoldszahl‐Bereich von 1 &lt; Re &lt; 7 durchgeführt. Eine numerische Simulation zeigt den Verlauf der Partikel‐Trajektorien in der Strömungsaufweitung für zwei Reynoldszahlen.
The New Small Wheel electronics (2023)

Abstract The increase in luminosity, and consequent higher backgrounds, of the LHC upgrades require improved rejection of fake tracks in the forward region of the ATLAS Muon Spectrometer. The New Small Wheel upgrade of the Muon Spectrometer aims to reduce the large background of fake triggers from track segments that don't originate from the interaction point. The New Small Wheel employs two detector technologies, the resistive strip Micromegas detectors and the “small” Thin Gap Chambers, with a total of 2.45 million electrodes to be sensed. The two technologies require the design of a complex electronics system given that it consists of two different detector technologies and is required to provide both precision readout and a fast trigger. It will operate in a high background radiation region up to about 20 kHz/cm 2 at the expected HL-LHC luminosity of ℒ = 7.5 × 10 34 cm -2 s -1 . The architecture of the system is strongly defined by the GBTx data aggregation ASIC, the newly-introduced FELIX data router and the software based data handler of the ATLAS detector. The electronics complex of this new detector was designed and developed in the last ten years and consists of multiple radiation tolerant Application Specific Integrated Circuits, multiple front-end boards, dense boards with FPGA's and purpose-built Trigger Processor boards within the ATCA standard. The New Small Wheel has been installed in 2021 and is undergoing integration within ATLAS for LHC Run 3. It should operate through the end of Run 4 (December 2032). In this manuscript, the overall design of the New Small Wheel electronics is presented.
N ‐butyldeoxynojirimycin causes weight loss as a result of appetite suppression in lean and obese mice (2007)

NB-DNJ causes weight loss as a result of reduced food consumption due to central appetite suppression.
THE ATACAMA COSMOLOGY TELESCOPE: CALIBRATION WITH THEWILKINSON MICROWAVE ANISOTROPY PROBEUSING CROSS-CORRELATIONS (2011)

Americanae nace como un proyecto conjunto que surge dentro de la Red Europea de Información y Documentación sobre América Latina (REDIAL), y que ha afrontado la Biblioteca de la Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo (AECID). Esta nueva biblioteca virtual hace más accesibles los libros digitales de tema americanista a los investigadores y usuarios interesados de cualquier parte del mundo.
Frequency agile multiple‐input‐multiple‐output antenna design for 5G dynamic spectrum sharing in cognitive radio networks (2020)

Abstract In this work, 2‐element slot‐based frequency reconfigurable (FR) multiple‐input‐multiple‐output (MIMO) antenna design antenna with a very wide‐sweep is proposed for dynamic spectrum sharing (DSS) in 5G technologies. FR is achieved using varactor diode with frequency tuning range from 1655 to 2605 MHz. The design is a low profile with planar structure having a single element footprint of 19.5 × 20 mm 2 . The two slot antenna elements of the MIMO configuration are etched out from a ground (GND) plane of dimensions of 60 × 120 mm 2 . The proposed antenna is narrow‐band and hence it is suitable for RF front‐end in the 5G‐enabled DSS in cognitive radio (CR) applications.
Targeting STING pathways for the treatment of cancer (2015)

Recently, we demonstrated that stimulator of interferon genes (STING) ligand cyclic di-guanylate (c-di-GMP) is an excellent adjuvant in cancer vaccination but also induces immunogenic tumor cell death. Combination of both pathways resulted in a nearly complete elimination of the metastases in a breast cancer model. This study is discussed below.
Sensor fusion using backward shortcut connections for sleep apnea detection in multi-modal data (2020)

Sleep apnea is a common respiratory disorder characterized by breathing pauses during the night.Consequences of untreated sleep apnea can be severe.Still, many people remain undiagnosed due to shortages of hospital beds and trained sleep technicians.To assist in the diagnosis process, automated detection methods are being developed.Recent works have demonstrated that deep learning models can extract useful information from raw respiratory data and that such models can be used as a robust sleep apnea detector.However, trained sleep technicians take into account multiple sensor signals when annotating sleep recordings instead of relying on a single respiratory estimate.To improve the predictive performance and reliability of the models, early and late sensor fusion methods are explored in this work.In addition, a novel late sensor fusion method is proposed which uses backward shortcut connections to improve the learning of the first stages of the models.The performance of these fusion methods is analyzed using CNN as well as LSTM deep learning base-models.The results demonstrate a significant and consistent improvement in predictive performance over the single sensor methods and over the other explored sensor fusion methods, by using the proposed sensor fusion method with backward shortcut connections.
Outpatient Hydrocele and Spermatocele Repair under Local Anesthesia (1983)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Aug 1983Outpatient Hydrocele and Spermatocele Repair under Local Anesthesia Keith W. Kaye, Ralph V. Clayman, and Paul H. Lange Keith W. KayeKeith W. Kaye More articles by this author , Ralph V. ClaymanRalph V. Clayman More articles by this author , and Paul H. LangePaul H. Lange More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)51102-7AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail We performed 20 hydrocele repairs and 18 spermatocelectomies using Lord’s techniques on outpatients under local anesthesia. The only complication was delayed wound healing early in the series when tight pressure dressings were used. We now use only a simple dressing and a scrotal support. This method for these operations reduces the cost by 74 per cent compared to inpatient procedures under general anesthesia. This safety and cost-effectiveness argue strongly for performance of most hydrocele repairs and spermatocelectomies as outpatient procedures under local anesthesia. © 1983 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited bySigurdsson T, Johansson J, Jahnson S, Helgesen F and Andersson S (2018) Polidocanol Sclerotherapy for Hydroceles and Epididymal CystsJournal of Urology, VOL. 151, NO. 4, (898-901), Online publication date: 1-Apr-1994.Ross L and Flom L (2018) Azoospermia: A Complication of Hydrocele Repair in a Fertile PopulationJournal of Urology, VOL. 146, NO. 3, (852-853), Online publication date: 1-Sep-1991. Volume 130Issue 2August 1983Page: 269-271 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1983 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Keith W. Kaye More articles by this author Ralph V. Clayman More articles by this author Paul H. Lange More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Development and proof-of-concept of three-dimensional lung histology volumes (2012)

Most medical imaging is inherently three-dimensional (3D) but for validation of pathological findings, histopathology is commonly used and typically histopathology images are acquired as twodimensional slices with quantitative analysis performed in a single dimension. Histopathology is invasive, labour-intensive, and the analysis cannot be performed in real time, yet it remains the gold standard for the pathological diagnosis and validation of clinical or radiological diagnoses of disease. A major goal worldwide is to improve medical imaging resolution, sensitivity and specificity to better guide therapy and biopsy and to one day delay or replace biopsy. A key limitation however is the lack of tools to directly compare 3D macroscopic imaging acquired in patients with histopathology findings, typically provided in a single dimension (1D) or in two dimensions (2D). To directly address this, we developed methods for 2D histology slice visualization/registration to generate 3D volumes and quantified tissue components in the 3D volume for direct comparison to volumetric micro-CT and clinical CT. We used the elastase-instilled mouse emphysema lung model to evaluate our methods with murine lungs sectioned (5 &mu;m thickness/10 &mu;m gap) and digitized with 2&mu;m in-plane resolution. 3D volumes were generated for wildtype and elastase mouse lung sections after semi-automated registration of all tissue slices. The 1D mean linear intercept (Lm) for wildtype (WT) (47.1 &mu;m ± 9.8 &mu;m) and elastase mouse lung (64.5 &mu;m ± 14.0 &mu;m) was significantly different (p&lt;.001). We also generated 3D measurements based on tissue and airspace morphometry from the 3D volumes and all of these were significantly different (p&lt;.0001) when comparing elastase and WT mouse lung. The ratio of the airspace-to-lung volume for the entire lung volume was also significantly and strongly correlated with L<sub>m</sub>.
Abstract 18994: Endothelial Dysfunction Predicts Atrial Arrhythmia Recurrence Following Pulmonary Vein Isolation in Patients ≤ 60 Years Old (2014)

Background: Endothelial dysfunction may be associated with atrial fibrillation (AFib). However, available evidence concerning endothelial dysfunction in patients with AFib undergoing left atrial ablation is limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether left atrial ablation for AFib affects endothelial dysfunction, and whether endothelial dysfunction predicts atrial arrhythmia recurrence after catheter ablation. Methods: We prospectively studied 92 patients (age 57 ± 10 years old, 78% males) who underwent left atrial ablation for the treatment of refractory paroxysmal or persistent AFib. Endothelial function was non-invasively evaluated before and at 3 months after ablation, using reactive hyperemia-peripheral arterial tonometry (RH-PAT). Logarithmic value of RH-PAT index (Ln_RHI) was calculated accordingly. Patients were followed for 3 months for atrial arrhythmia recurrence, and the optimal cut-off value of Ln_RHI to predict it was defined by Youden index. Results: Left atrial ablation fo...
A Self-Healing Control (1968)

This article describes an electronic computer self-repair technique which does not require system duplication. It identifies the properties demanded of control hardware to effect this end and considers their practicability. It also decribes a prototype computer constructed to test the feasibility of this form of self-repair, and discusses test results.
On The Sensitivity of RF Transmitters' Memory Polynomial Model Identification to Delay Alignment Resolution (2008)

In this letter, the effects of delay alignment between the input and output baseband waveforms on the performance of a radio frequency transmitters' memory polynomial based model are studied. A 100-W average power transmitter is characterized; various delay values are applied to align the input and output data; and, a model is derived for each delay value. The models' performances, evaluated for these delay values both in time and frequency domains, demonstrate that the memory polynomial model is sensitive to delay overestimation but not to delay underestimation. It is established that a delay underestimation by up to one sampling period does not affect the performance of the identified model. This overcomes the need for the signal oversampling required for high-resolution delay alignment. Consequently, the computational complexity of the digital signal processing algorithm employed for delay estimation and alignment is considerably reduced.
Observations regarding eschenmoser sulfide contractions of β-oxygenated thiolactams (1995)

Application of an Eschenmoser sulfide contraction to a thiolactam bearing a β-acyloxy group was complicated by a competitive β-elimination reaction. Changing the β-substituent to an alkoxy group retarded the rate of elimination such that sulfide contraction products could be obtained.
HERMES Core – A 14nm CMOS and PCM-based In-Memory Compute Core using an array of 300ps/LSB Linearized CCO-based ADCs and local digital processing (2021)

We present a 256×256 in-memory compute (IMC) core designed and fabricated in 14nm CMOS with backend-integrated multi-level phase-change memory (PCM). It comprises 256 linearized current controlled oscillator (CCO)-based ADCs at a compact 4µm pitch and a local digital processing unit performing affine scaling and ReLU operations. A novel frequency-linearization technique for CCOs is introduced, leading to accurate on-chip matrix-vector-multiply (MVM) when operating over 1 GHz. Measured classification accuracies on MNIST and CIFAR-10 datasets are presented when two cores are employed for deep learning (DL) inference. The measured energy efficiency is 10.5 TOPS/W at a performance density of 1.59 TOPS/mm2.
A Curved Panel Integration Technique for Molecular Surfaces (2005)

In this paper we present a surface formulation and curved panel integration method for computing the van der Waals interaction energy between a molecular solute and aqueous solvent. This modeling problem arises in computational drug design, where one wishes to understand the energetic tradeoff between a trial drug’s interactions with solvent and its interactions with the target. We use the divergence theorem to convert a volume integral to an integral over the solute‐ solvent boundary. Validation of the surface formulation reveals strong dependence on the accuracy of the boundary representation; to improve the surface discretization qua lity, we define a type of curved panel called a generalized spherical triangle. A straightforward extension of an earl ier curved panel integration method allows us to integrate functions over the curved surfaces. Numerical results demonstrate the accuracy of the improved surface representation and the integration technique.
Asymmetric Synthesis of 2,3-Dihydro-2-arylquinazolin-4-ones: Methodology and Application to a Potent Fluorescent Tubulin Inhibitor with Anticancer Activity (2008)

For several decades the 2,3-dihydroquinazolinone (DHQZ) heterocycle has been known to possess a variety of important biological and medicinal properties. Despite the many interesting facets of these molecules, synthetic access to nonracemic DHQZ analogues has remained elusive. Herein, we disclose a synthetic route that allows access to either enantiomer of a variety of DHQZ derivatives. We illustrate the utility of this chemistry with the asymmetric preparation and biological evaluation of a new chiral fluorescent tubulin binding agent with extremely potent antiproliferative properties against human cancer cells. A computational rationale for the increased potency of the (S)-enantiomer over the (R)-enantiomer is given, based on the crystal structure of alpha,beta-tubulin complexed with colchicine. Taking advantage of the inherent fluorescence of these molecules, confocal images of GMC-5-193 (compound 7) in the cytoplasm of human melanoma cells (MDA-MB-435) cells are presented.
Gelatin Sponge Model of Effector Recruitment: Tumoricidal Activity of Adherent and Non-Adherent Lymphokine-Activated Killer Cells After Culture in interleukin-2 (1991)

This study examined the specific tumoricidal activity of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells derived from tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes that prevent the growth of secondary tumors in animals harboring progressing primary tumors. A pre-implanted gelatin sponge was employed to capture infiltrating host effectors during the expression of concomitant tumor immunity. Additionally, this study compared the cytolytic activity of these sponge-derived cells with those of counterpart splenic lymphocytes. The cells from both sources were cultured for 4 days in IL-2 to generate LAK cells which were further expanded in IL-2-containing medium for up to 11 days. The cytotoxic activities of these cells were measured in a Chromium-51 release assay. The data revealed that the culture of splenic, or sponge-derived lymphocytes results in the emergence of non-adherent and adherent cell populations with LAK activity. The 4-day sponge-derived LAK cells (adherent and non-adherent) exhibited significant cytolysis of EMT6 cells while the spleen-derived counterparts showed minimal cytotoxicity toward these targets. Some NK activity in LAK cells derived from both sources was evident by their lysis of YAC-1 cells. LAK cells from both sources were incapable of lysing histo-compatible EL-4 (H-2b) tumor cells. The lysis of the EMT6 cells by the sponge-derived LAK cells was maintained over an 11-day period of culture in IL-2. Conversely, the spleen-derived LAK cells were unable to significantly lyse EMT6 cells during this period of in vitro culture. These results show the superior specific tumoricidal activity of LAK cells derived from lymphocytes mediating tumor rejection in vivo (sponge-derived) over that of counterpart splenic lymphocytes.
On the performance variation in modern storage stacks (2017)

Ensuring stable performance for storage stacks is important, especially with the growth in popularity of hosted services where customers expect QoS guarantees. The same requirement arises from benchmarking settings as well. One would expect that repeated, carefully controlled experiments might yield nearly identical performance results--but we found otherwise. We therefore undertook a study to characterize the amount of variability in benchmarking modern storage stacks. In this paper we report on the techniques used and the results of this study. We conducted many experiments using several popular workloads, file systems, and storage devices--and varied many parameters across the entire storage stack. In over 25% of the sampled configurations, we uncovered variations higher than 10% in storage performance between runs. We analyzed these variations and found that there was no single root cause: it often changed with the workload, hardware, or software configuration in the storage stack. In several of those cases we were able to fix the cause of variation and reduce it to acceptable levels. We believe our observations in benchmarking will also shed some light on addressing stability issues in production systems.
Cu‐Catalyzed N‐ and O‐Arylation of 2‐, 3‐, and 4‐Hydroxypyridines and Hydroxyquinolines. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.