gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Accurate modeling of substrate resistive coupling for floating substrates (2006)

This article focuses on the formulation of the substrate resistive coupling using boundary element methods, specifically for substrates without grounded backplates (floating substrates). An accurate and numerically stable formulation is presented. Numerical results are shown to demonstrate the correctness and the numerical robustness of the formulation.
Perinatal exposure to a noncoplanar polychlorinated biphenyl alters tonotopy, receptive fields, and plasticity in rat primary auditory cortex (2007)

Noncoplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are widely dispersed in human environment and tissues. Here, an exemplar noncoplanar PCB was fed to rat dams during gestation and throughout three subsequent nursing weeks. Although the hearing sensitivity and brainstem auditory responses of pups were normal, exposure resulted in the abnormal development of the primary auditory cortex (A1). A1 was irregularly shaped and marked by internal nonresponsive zones, its topographic organization was grossly abnormal or reversed in about half of the exposed pups, the balance of neuronal inhibition to excitation for A1 neurons was disturbed, and the critical period plasticity that underlies normal postnatal auditory system development was significantly altered. These findings demonstrate that developmental exposure to this class of environmental contaminant alters cortical development. It is proposed that exposure to noncoplanar PCBs may contribute to common developmental disorders, especially in populations with heritable imbalances in neurotransmitter systems that regulate the ratio of inhibition and excitation in the brain. We conclude that the health implications associated with exposure to noncoplanar PCBs in human populations merit a more careful examination.
The impact of the ISIS experiment order on spatial contamination (1992)

When performing volume-localized spectroscopy measurements, the amount of spatial contamination is an important quality criterion. With the ISIS localization technique contamination cannot only arise from the transition regions around the volume of interest, but also from remote regions of the sample. The latter contamination component is a consequence of inhomogeneous excitation pulses, if short repetition times TR are used. Its severity depends both on the order of the eight phase cycling experiments needed for an ISIS measurement, and on the ratio TR/T1. Here it is theoretically discussed from which regions of the sample contamination can arise for a specific phase cycling order. For the worst orders the contaminating regions are almost three times as large as for the optimal orders. The ratio for the effectively measured contamination, however, can be moderated in real experiments, because cancellation effects occur due to the phase distribution of the contaminating signals. 31P phantom experiments clearly demonstrate that contamination is present even if adiabatic excitation pulses are applied and that spatial contamination can be reduced to about a third by an optimal choice of the phase cycling order.
Metal-Catalyzed Syntheses of cis-or trans-Fused Bicyclic Compounds (2009)

Two catalytic systems leading to decalin products with different stereoselectivities are shown. Using a ruthenium-catalyzed C-H activation protocol, trans-decalins are produced. A palladium-catalyzed route generates cis-decalins.
New method of on-sensor A/D conversion (2002)

We describe a CMOS image sensor with column parallel Analog to Digital Conversion circuits. In this method, we use small 1 bit comparator which detects each bit during integration 8 bit value is determined when the integration is finished. Consequently, both the A/D conversion and the integration of the pixel value can be done in parallel. We have designed a prototype by using column parallel architecture. The prototype outputs analog value and 8 bit digital value of pixel data. It has 32/spl times/16 pixels and digital memory for each pixel. We describe the processing scheme of our ADC and the circuit and layout design of the prototype. We show results of some experiments.
A Unified Model for the Space Charge Limited Currents in Organic Materials Combining Field Dependent Mobility and Poole-Frenkel Detrapping (2001)

ABSTRACT We have calculated J-V characteristics of an organic conducting sample (containing traps) including the Poole-Frenkel Effect (PFE). Both shallow and exponentially distributed traps are considered. We show that our approach is equivalent to combining the effect of trapping and using the field dependent mobility in one unified model. For shallow single level or shallow Gaussian traps, inclusion of PFE or using the (well-known) field dependent mobility gives the same dependence of current on voltage at a given temperature. However the value of zero field mobility µ 0 comes out to be different. We have fabricated and measured the J-V curves of the ITO/MEH-OPV5/Al diodes. An extremely fast rise with voltage V is observed at small voltages, which can be interpreted either by the Schottky contact limited Shockley like current or by bulk space charge limited current with PFE. The correct mechanism can be determined by making J-V measurements at different temperatures.
GPS Supplemental Navigation Systems for Use During the Transition to a Sole-Means-GPS National Airspace System (1999)

The current Federal Radio Navigation Plan presents a plan that includes phasing out of existing radio-navigation aids as part of the transition to sole-means-GPS navigation in the United States. GPS based systems are also being envisioned as becoming the primary means of air traffic control resulting in the retirement of older primary and secondary surveillance radar (SSR) systems. This paper discusses the use of existing radio-navigation aids to provide a redundant navigation system alongside GPS/WAAS during the transition to a sole means GPS national airspace system. Specifically, the paper examines three such systems based on existing equipment such as Distance Measuring Equipment (DME), the Traffic and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) and LORAN. The predicted performance of these systems can be used to determine the number of the existing radionavigation aids that should be left in place to provide adequate navigation services during the transition to solemeans -GPS navigation. I...
Expression of B7-1 by highly metastatic mouse T lymphomas induces optimal natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity. (1995)

The interaction between B7-1 and CD28 provides costimulatory signals not only for T cells but also for natural killer (NK) cells. Highly metastatic mouse T lymphoma cells (BW-Li) can escape from NK cell-mediated killing by expressing H-2Dk molecules that negatively regulate NK lytic activity. We have analyzed whether B7-1:CD28 overrules the MHC class I-mediated inactivation of NK cells by transfecting BW-Li with the gene coding for B7-1. Expression of B7-1 rendered BW-Li cells sensitive toward NK cells. The experimental metastatic capacity of the B7-1 transfectants was drastically reduced in both syngeneic AKR and SCID mice but could be restored in SCID-bg mice. These results provide direct evidence that B7-1 expression leads to NK-mediated elimination of metastasizing, NK-resistant tumor cells.
Synthesis and Conformational Analysis of Efrapeptins (2011)

The efrapeptin family of peptide antibiotics produced by the fungus Tolypocladium niveum, and the neo-efrapeptins from the fungus Geotrichum candidumare inhibitors of F(1)-ATPase with promising antitumor, antimalaria, and insecticidal activity. They are rich in C(α)-dialkyl amino acids (Aib, Iva, Acc) and contain one β-alanine and several pipecolic acid residues. The C-terminus bears an unusual heterocyclic cationic cap. The efrapeptins C-G and three analogues of efrapeptin C were synthesized using α-azido carboxylic acids as masked amino acid derivatives. All compounds display inhibitory activity toward F(1)-ATPase. The conformation in solution of the peptides was investigated with electronic CD spectroscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy, and VCD spectroscopy. All efrapeptins and most efrapeptin analogues were shown to adopt helical conformations in solution. In the case of efrapeptin C, VCD spectra proved that a 3(10)-helix prevails. In addition, efrapeptin C was conformationally studied in detail with NMR and molecular modeling. Besides NOE distance restraints, residual dipolar couplings (RDC) observed upon partial alignment with stretched PDMS gels were used for the conformational analysis and confirmed the 3(10)-helical conformation.
Use of a gene expression signature related to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) to predict for overall survival (OS) in cohorts of lung and head and neck cancer (HNSCC) patients. (2011)

7010 Background: Improved predictions for survival and response to therapy will help to refine clinical care and potentially improve outcomes for patients with cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract. Methods: Gene expression analysis using three mesenchymal (M) and three epithelial (E) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines identified 574 differentially expressed probes based on a false discovery rate (FDR) of 30%, which were then used to categorize a panel of 50 cell lines on the Illumina gene expression platform into 30 E-like and 20 M-like cell lines. 46 of these cell lines were analyzed with Affymetrix arrays, corresponding to 27 E-like and 19 M-like cell lines, and the top 4054 differentially expressed probes based on a FDR of 20% were filtered to retain probes with at least 2-fold average difference in expression. Overlap with the Director’s Consortium (DC) of mostly early stage lung adenocarcinoma patients treated with surgery and adjuvant therapy as appropriate resulted in 991 probes, which were then ranked using a survival-based Cox regression model with patients combined from the UM and HLM cohorts in the DC. The top 112 probes based on a FDR of 25% were then used in a supervised PCA analysis and two-evenly divided groups of patients were compared using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. The 112 probe signature was independently tested in the DC MSK cohort and a cohort of surgical-pathologic high-risk HNSCC patients treated with surgery and post-operative radiotherapy. Results: Gene expression related to EMT is able to identify two highly different E-like and M-like groups of cell lines. This cell-line derived and clinically refined EMT-related gene expression signature predicted for OS in an independent cohort in the DC (p = 0.0016) as well as in HNSCC patients (p = 0.003). Conclusions: A gene expression signature related to EMT predicts for OS in lung cancer and HNSCC patients. Further prospective validation will be needed to verify these results. In addition, this signature distinguishes between unique biological phenotypes and therefore may also be significant in predicting response to specific therapeutic interventions.
Flexible Instrumentation for Live On-Chip Debug of Machine Learning Training on FPGAs (2021)

FPGAs have recently shown promise for accelerating machine learning training. This has led to research into the co-design of narrow-precision accelerator architectures and the investigation of novel machine learning models. Such research can be extremely expensive, as the steep cost of training a model can increase several-fold due to the need of performing hyper-parameter tuning and adjustments to the model to ensure acceptable convergence speed and accuracy. In this scenario, monitoring key data on-chip is essential to more quickly understand and diagnose problems, significantly reducing training costs.Previous work has proposed on-chip debug instrumentation to monitor key signals for both general-purpose circuits and inference algorithms. This instrumentation either performs limited on-chip compression, or is extremely restricted in the amount of run-time customization that may occur. We argue that for training applications, the extremely long and expensive training runs warrant significantly more flexibility in the on-chip instrumentation, even at the expense of some chip area.In this paper, we propose flexible debug instrumentation that allows for the live debugging of machine learning systems during training. Different from previous debug instrumentation, our instrumentation offers firmware programmability, allowing the researcher to gather data in a large variety of ways that would likely not be anticipated at compile time.
The MLL recombinome of acute leukemias in 2017 (2018)

Chromosomal rearrangements of the human <i>MLL/KMT2A</i> gene are associated with infant, pediatric, adult and therapy-induced acute leukemias. Here we present the data obtained from 2345 acute leukemia patients. Genomic breakpoints within the <i>MLL</i> gene and the involved translocation partner genes (TPGs) were determined and 11 novel TPGs were identified. Thus, a total of 135 different <i>MLL</i> rearrangements have been identified so far, of which 94 TPGs are now characterized at the molecular level. In all, 35 out of these 94 TPGs occur recurrently, but only 9 specific gene fusions account for more than 90% of all illegitimate recombinations of the <i>MLL</i> gene. We observed an age-dependent breakpoint shift with breakpoints localizing within <i>MLL</i> intron 11 associated with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and younger patients, while breakpoints in <i>MLL</i> intron 9 predominate in AML or older patients. The molecular characterization of <i>MLL</i> breakpoints suggests different etiologies in the different age groups and allows the correlation of functional domains of the <i>MLL</i> gene with clinical outcome. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the <i>MLL</i> recombinome in acute leukemia and demonstrates that the establishment of patient-specific chromosomal fusion sites allows the design of specific PCR primers for minimal residual disease analyses for all patients.<br />
Factors to Improve Quality for Older Patients in the Emergency Department: A Qualitative Study of Patient Trajectory (2021)

Abstract Background Managing older people in the emergency department remains a challenge. We aimed to identify the factors influencing the care quality of older patients in the emergency department, in order to fine-tune future interventions for older people, taking into account the naturalistic context of the ED. Methods. This is a qualitative study of some 450 hours of observations performed in three emergency departments selected for their diverse contexts. We performed seventy observations of older patient trajectories admitted to the emergency department. Themes were extracted from the material using an inductive reasoning approach, to highlight factors positively or negatively influencing management of patient’s trajectories, in particular those presenting with typically geriatric syndromes. Results Four themes emerged: no geriatric flow routine; risk of discontinuity of care; unmet basic needs and patient-centered care; complex older patients: unwelcome in EDs? Conclusions The overall process of care was based on an organ- and flow-centered paradigm, which ignored older people’s specific needs and exposed them to discontinuity of care. Their basic needs were neglected and, when their management slowed the emergency department flow, older people were perceived as unwelcome. Findings of our study can inform the development of interventions about the influence of context and organizational factors.
GNA33 of Neisseria meningitidis Is a Lipoprotein Required for Cell Separation, Membrane Architecture, and Virulence (2004)

GNA33 is a membrane-bound lipoprotein with murein hydrolase activity that is present in all Neisseria species and well conserved in different meningococcal isolates. The protein shows 33% identity to a lytic transglycolase (MltA) from Escherichia coli and has been shown to be involved in the degradation of both insoluble murein sacculi and unsubstituted glycan strands. To study the function of the gene and its role in pathogenesis and virulence, a knockout mutant of a Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B strain was generated. The mutant exhibited retarded growth in vitro. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the mutant grows in clusters which are connected by a continuous outer membrane, suggesting a failure in the separation of daughter cells. Moreover, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of culture supernatant revealed that the mutant releases several proteins in the medium. The five most abundant proteins, identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis, belong to the outer membrane protein family. Finally, the mutant showed an attenuated phenotype, since it was not able to cause bacteremia in the infant rat model. We conclude that GNA33 is a highly conserved lipoprotein which plays an important role in peptidoglycan metabolism, cell separation, membrane architecture, and virulence.
Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes by Free Fatty Acid Receptor Agonists (2014)

Dietary free fatty acids (FFAs), such as ω-3 fatty acids, regulate metabolic and anti-inflammatory processes, with many of these effects attributed to FFAs interacting with a family of G protein-coupled receptors. Selective synthetic ligands for free fatty acid receptors (FFA1-4) have consequently been developed as potential treatments for type 2 diabetes (T2D). In particular, clinical studies show that Fasiglifam, an agonist of the long-chain FFA receptor, FFA1, improved glycemic control and reduced HbA1c levels in T2D patients, with a reduced risk of hypoglycemia. However, this ligand was removed from clinical trials due to potential liver toxicity and determining if this is a target or a ligand-specific feature is now of major importance. Pre-clinical studies also show that FFA4 agonism increases insulin sensitivity, induces weight loss, and reduces inflammation and the metabolic and anti-inflammatory effects of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are linked with FFA2 and FFA3 activation. In this review, we therefore show that FFA receptor agonism is a potential clinical target for T2D treatment and discuss ongoing drug development programs within industry and academia aimed at improving the safety and effectiveness of these potential treatments.
Measuring the health utility of chronic eustachian tube dysfunction (2019)

Objective To assess the health utility of chronic Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD). Methods This is a prospective study of 53 patients with chronic ETD recruited from a tertiary clinic from April 2017 to July 2018. The 7‐Item Eustachian Tube Dysfunction Questionnaire (ETDQ‐7) was administered, and health utility was evaluated using the EuroQol‐5 Dimensions‐3 Level Instrument (EQ‐5D‐3L), the visual analogue scale (VAS), time tradeoff (TTO), and standard gamble (SG). Participants were grouped into medical or procedural management groups. One‐week follow‐up included repeated health utility measures and ETDQ‐7. Results Fifty‐three patients were included in the final analysis. Of those, 34 were managed medically, and 19 received myringotomies ± PE tubes. The mean baseline ETDQ‐7 was 4.26 ± 1.31; whereas health utility measures were different depending on the method utilized: EQ‐5D‐3L 0.90 ± 0.11; VAS 0.76 ± 0.21; TTO 0.85 ± 0.23; and SG 0.94 ± 0.11 ( P &lt; .001). There was a significant change in ETDQ‐7 ( P = .001) and TTO ( P = .011) scores posttreatment. On the ETDQ‐7, question 2 (pain in the ears) was significantly associated with VAS ( P = .032), and question 4 (ear symptoms during a cold or sinusitis) was significantly associated with TTO ( P = .006). Conclusion Chronic ETD has a significant burden on quality of life, with a health utility similar to gastroesophageal reflux disease and moderate asthma. Although treatment‐related changes are measurable using disease‐specific quality‐of‐life measures, only TTO was significantly changed after treatment. Health utility seemed to depend on the method of measurement but provided a benchmark for evaluating cost‐effectiveness of innovations to manage ETD. Level of Evidence 2 Laryngoscope , 130:E39–E44, 2020
A voltage-based frequency controller for inverter-based systems in microgrids (2016)

This paper presents a novel voltage-based controller for frequency control in inverter-based isolated microgrids through load voltage regulation. The proposed controller, described here in detail, makes use of the load sensitivity to operating voltage to regulate load consumption. The performance of the controller is evaluated and validated through simulation studies on PSCAD/EMTDC based on medium voltage distribution network benchmark. The controller offers two significant advantages: it decreases the system dependency on energy storage systems, and allows for higher penetration of renewable energy and hence less fuel consumption. The controller only requires a local feedback signal, and hence no extra communication infrastructure is needed.
Reducing the Crosstalk and Reflection at the Dielectric Waveguide Cross by Topology Design (2008)

We propose an economic and efficient method to reduce the crosstalk and reflection at dielectric waveguide cross by means of topology design. More than 85% crosstalk energy reduction and 90% reflection energy reduction are observed.
Variability in diagnostic error rates of 10 MRI centers performing lumbar spine MRI examinations on the same patient within a 3-week period (2016)

This study found marked variability in the reported interpretive findings and a high prevalence of interpretive errors in radiologists' reports of an MRI examination of the lumbar spine performed on the same patient at 10 different MRI centers over a short time period. As a result, the authors conclude that where a patient obtains his or her MRI examination and which radiologist interprets the examination may have a direct impact on radiological diagnosis, subsequent choice of treatment, and clinical outcome.
Production of Trehalose from Starch by Thermostable Enzymes from Sulfolobus acidocaldarius (1997)

Abstract The optimum conditions for the production of trehalose from starch were investigated using two thermostable enzymes, maltooligosyl trehalose synthase (MTSase) and maltooligosyl trehalose trehalohydrolase (MTHase), from Sulfolobus acidocaldarius ATCC 33909. The optimum pH was 5.5 and the optimum temperature was 55—57°C using isoamylase from Pseudomonas amyloderamosa as a debranching enzyme. The addition of CGTase to the reaction mixture during the saccharification process caused an increase in trehalose and a decrease in maltose and maltotriose. Isoamylase was better than pullulanase as a debranching enzyme. The yield of trehalose was independent of the type of starch used. Under optimum conditions, the yield of trehalose from corn starch at 30% concentration was more than 82%.