gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B Reduction Regulates Adiposity and Expression of Genes Involved in (2002)

Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) has been implicated as a negative regulator of insulin action. Overexpression of PTP1B protein has been observed in insulin-resistant states associated with obesity. Mice lacking a functional PTP1B gene exhibit increased insulin sensitivity and are resistant to weight gain. To investigate the role of PTP1B in adipose tissue from obese animals, hyperglycemic obese (ob/ob) mice were treated with PTP1B antisense oligonucleotide (ISIS113715). A significant reduction in adiposity correlated with a decrease of PTP1B protein levels in fat. Antisense treatment also influenced the triglyceride content in adipocytes, correlating with a downregulation of genes encoding proteins involved in lipogenesis, such as sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 and their downstream targets spot14 and fatty acid synthase, as well as other adipogenic genes, lipoprotein lipase, and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor . In addition, an increase in insulin receptor substrate-2 protein and a differential regulation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit (p85) isoforms expression were found in fat from antisense-treated animals, although increased insulin sensitivity measured by protein kinase B phosphorylation was not observed. These results demonstrate that PTP1B antisense treatment can modulate fat storage and lipogenesis in adipose tissue and might implicate PTP1B in the enlargement of adipocyte energy stores and development of obesity. Diabetes 51:2405‐2411, 2002
Chemical characterization of atmospheric ions at the high altitude research station Jungfraujoch (Switzerland) (2017)

Abstract. The ion composition at high altitude (3454 m a.s.l.) was measured with an atmospheric pressure interface time-of-flight mass spectrometer (APi-TOF) during a period of 9 months, from August 2013 to April 2014. The negative mass spectra were dominated by the ions of sulfuric, nitric, malonic, and methanesulfonic acid (MSA) as well as SO5−. The most prominent positive ion peaks were from amines. The other cations were mainly organic compounds clustered with a nitrogen-containing ion, which could be either NH4+ or an aminium. Occasionally the positive spectra were characterized by groups of compounds each differing by a methylene group. In the negative spectrum, sulfuric acid was always observed during clear sky conditions following the diurnal cycle of solar irradiation. On many occasions we also saw a high signal of sulfuric acid during nighttime when clusters up to the tetramer were observed. A plausible reason for these events could be evaporation from particles at low relative humidity. A remarkably strong correlation between the signals of SO5− and CH3SO3− was observed for the full measurement period. The presence of these two ions during both the day and the night suggests a non-photochemical channel of formation which is possibly linked to halogen chemistry. Halogenated species, especially Br− and IO3−, were frequently observed in air masses that originated mainly from the Atlantic Ocean and occasionally from continental areas based on back trajectory analyses. We found I2O5 clustered with an ion, a species that was proposed from laboratory and modeling studies. All halogenated ions exhibited an unexpected diurnal behavior with low values during daytime. New particle formation (NPF) events were observed and characterized by (1) highly oxygenated molecules (HOMs) and low sulfuric acid or (2) ammonia–sulfuric acid clusters. We present characteristic spectra for each of these two event types based on 26 nucleation episodes. The mass spectrum of the ammonia–sulfuric acid nucleation event compares very well with laboratory measurements reported from the CLOUD chamber. A source receptor analysis indicates that NPF events at the Jungfraujoch take place within a restricted period of time of 24–48 h after air masses have had contact with the boundary layer. This time frame appears to be crucial to reach an optimal oxidation state and concentration of organic molecules necessary to facilitate nucleation.
High temperature efficient, stable Si wafer-based selective solar absorbers (2017)

Creating selective solar absorber systems using simple, stable structures capable of surviving high temperatures is essential for widespread adoption of efficient, high-temperature solar thermal technologies. In this study, semiconductor-metal tandem selective solar absorbers based on commercially available Si wafers are fabricated and measured at different high temperatures. High selectivity of the devices is obtained at temperature as high as 490 °C, and the structure is demonstrated to be mechanically and thermally stable even at slightly higher temperatures (up to 535 °C). Increased free carrier absorption and lattice absorption of Si are observed at elevated temperatures, which raise thermal re-radiation dramatically. In order to mitigate this effect, a thin Si film-based selective absorber has also been computationally designed and optimized, which is predicted to exhibit even higher thermal transfer efficiency (60–70%) at a wide range of solar concentrations (20–100 suns). The simple structure combined with the mechanical and thermal stability enables the low-cost Si substrate-based selective solar absorber to find wide applications in solar thermal energy conversion systems.
Associations of retinal microvascular caliber with large arterial function and structure: A population‐based study of 11 to 12 year‐olds and midlife adults (2020)

Narrower retinal arterioles and wider venules are associated with large arterial function as early as mid-childhood. Associations strengthen by midlife and also extend to arterial structure, although effect sizes remain small.
Multi-Head Deep Metric Learning Using Global and Local Representations (2022)

Deep Metric Learning (DML) models often require strong local and global representations, however, effective integration of local and global features in DML model training is a challenge. DML models are often trained with specific loss functions, including pairwise-based and proxy-based losses. The pairwise-based loss functions leverage rich semantic relations among data points, however, they often suffer from slow convergence during DML model training. On the other hand, the proxy-based loss functions often lead to significant speedups in convergence during training, while the rich relations among data points are often not fully explored by the proxy-based losses. In this paper, we propose a novel DML approach to address these challenges. The proposed DML approach makes use of a hybrid loss by integrating the pairwise-based and the proxy-based loss functions to leverage rich data-to-data relations as well as fast convergence. Furthermore, the proposed DML approach utilizes both global and local features to obtain rich representations in DML model training. Finally, we also use the second-order attention for feature enhancement to improve accurate and efficient retrieval. In our experiments, we extensively evaluated the proposed DML approach on four public benchmarks, and the experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieved state-of-the-art performance on all benchmarks.
Nanocrystalline gold and gold palladium alloy catalysts for chemical synthesis (2007)

Catalysis by gold has become one of the most studied new topics in chemistry in recent years, and yet for many gold acting as a catalyst is, perhaps, a most unlikely possibility since bulk gold is a relatively non-reactive, immutable, ductile metal that is prized for its great beauty and value rather than for the depth of its chemistry. However, when prepared in nanocrystalline form, as a collection of a few hundreds of atoms, it displays remarkable activity as a heterogeneous catalyst for a broad range of redox reactions. Of particular note is the ability of gold, either alone or alloyed with palladium, to catalyse selective oxidation reactions, e.g. alkene epoxidation, alcohol oxidation, and the direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide by the hydrogenation of molecular oxygen. In this article the recent advances in this exciting new field are explored.
Chronic allergen exposure drives accumulation of long-lived IgE plasma cells in the bone marrow, giving rise to serological memory (2020)

Immunoglobulin E (IgE) plays an important role in allergic diseases. Nevertheless, the source of IgE serological memory remains controversial. We reexamined the mechanism of serological memory in allergy using a dual reporter system to track IgE<sup>+</sup> plasma cells in mice. Short-term allergen exposure resulted in the generation of IgE<sup>+</sup> plasma cells that resided mainly in secondary lymphoid organs and produced IgE that was unable to degranulate mast cells. In contrast, chronic allergen exposure led to the generation of long-lived IgE<sup>+</sup> plasma cells that were primarily derived from sequential class switching of IgG1, accumulated in the bone marrow, and produced IgE capable of inducing anaphylaxis. IgE<sup>+</sup> plasma cells were found in the bone marrow of human allergic, but not nonallergic donors, and allergen-specific IgE produced by these cells was able to induce mast cell degranulation when transferred to mice. These data demonstrate that long-lived IgE<sup>+</sup> bone marrow plasma cells arise during chronic allergen exposure and establish serological memory in both mice and humans.
Evaluation of FSK Light Labels Superimposed on 112 Gbps DP-QPSK Signal with Real-time Coherent Receiver and Optical Filter Based Decoder for Light Path Tracing (2013)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text G. Nakagawa, S. Oda, K. Sone, Y. Aoki, K. Hironishi, T. Tanimura, T. Hoshida, and J. C. Rasmussen, "Evaluation of FSK Light Labels Superimposed on 112 Gbps DP-QPSK Signal with Real-time Coherent Receiver and Optical Filter Based Decoder for Light Path Tracing," in Optical Fiber Communication Conference/National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference 2013, OSA Technical Digest (online) (Optica Publishing Group, 2013), paper OM3C.7. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
In Vivo Comparison of the Inflammatory Response Induced by Different Vascular Biomaterials (2005)

Biomaterial implants induce a local inflammatory response. A comparison of the inflammatory cell response was made between several biomaterials commonly used as vascular prostheses. Disks of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), aluminum, titanium, copper, and stainless steel were surgically placed into the peritoneum of mice. Recruited macrophage and neutrophil populations were measured after recovery from the disk surface and peritoneal lavage. Following peritoneal biomaterial implants, there was no difference in total neutrophil or macrophage recruitment between mice implanted with PET, PTFE, aluminum, or titanium disks. However, there was significant attenuation of total neutrophil and macrophage recruitment to stainless steel compared with the other implants. Similarly, there was no significant difference in the percentage of leukocytes adherent to the PET, aluminum, or titanium disks. Macrophage adherence to the stainless steel disks was attenuated by 19.1%, and the number of neutrophils was attenuated by 69.1% when compared with PET implant mice. Mice implanted with copper disks universally expired. Leukocyte recruitment did not differ between PET, PTFE, aluminum, or titanium disks, suggesting that these materials stimulate similar inflammatory responses. Stainless steel disks recruited both fewer neutrophils and fewer macrophages and support lower adherence of these cells than the other biomaterials. Copper incited an overwhelming and fatal response.
A study on error analysis of joint torque estimation using wearable sensor system (2019)

This study aims to clarify the error factors in estimation of joint torque using wearable sensor system. The wearable sensor system consists of wearable motion sensor installing the inertial and magnetic field sensors and wearable force plate installing several compact force sensors and inertial and magnetic field sensors. The wearable motion sensor outputs the angular velocity, the acceleration, and magnetic field, and the wearable force plate outputs the 6-axis force components and the motion sensor output. We conducted the measurement experiment of gait analysis using the wearable sensor system and the optimal motion capture system, and we estimated the joint torque by using the measurement information of wearable sensor system and the optimal motion capture system. We compared the results of joint torques obtained by wearable sensor system and the optimal motion capture system. The analysis results indicated the effect by transfer force and moment in the inverse dynamics analysis and the error factors in the motion information by the measurement of wearable motion sensor.
Inhibiting DX2-p14/ARF Interaction Exerts Antitumor Effects in Lung Cancer and Delays Tumor Progression (2016)

The aminoacyl tRNA synthetase complex-interacting multifunctional protein 2 (AIMP2) splice variant designated DX2 is induced by cigarette smoke carcinogens and is often detected in human lung cancer specimens. However, the function of DX2 in lung carcinogenesis is obscure. In this study, we found that DX2 expression was induced by oncogenes in human lung cancer tissues and cells. DX2 prevented oncogene-induced apoptosis and senescence and promoted drug resistance by directly binding to and inhibiting p14/ARF. Through chemical screening, we identified SLCB050, a novel compound that blocks the interaction between DX2 and p14/ARF in vitro and in vivo SLCB050 reduced the viability of human lung cancer cells, especially small cell lung cancer cells, in a p14/ARF-dependent manner. Moreover, in a mouse model of K-Ras-driven lung tumorigenesis, ectopic expression of DX2 induced small cell and non-small cell lung cancers, both of which could be suppressed by SLCB050 treatment. Taken together, our findings show how DX2 promotes lung cancer progression and how its activity may be thwarted as a strategy to treat patients with lung cancers exhibiting elevated DX2 levels. Cancer Res; 76(16); 4791-804. ©2016 AACR.
Nano-liquid/liquid waveguide coupling by evanescent tunneling effect for biomolecule imaging applications (2011)

In this paper, a nano-liquid/liquid waveguide coupling based on evanescent tunneling effect is demonstrated. For the first time, the feature size in the fluidic beyond the diffraction limit with changes as small as 1 nm can be imaged in the microchannel. The evanescent coupling length can be tuned by the flow rates and the fluids materials flexible than semiconductor ones. This implies that single molecule imaging can be achieved with the developed near field interaction technique.
Composition and biochemical properties of l‐carnitine fortified Makgeolli brewed by using fermented buckwheat (2018)

Makgeolli is a traditional Korean alcoholic rice beverage. It is brewed of ingredients containing starch, Nuruk, and water. In order to improve the quality and functionality of Makgeolli, the <i>Rhizopus oligosporus</i> fermented buckwheat containing 18.7 mg/kg of l-carnitine were utilized to brew l-carnitine fortified Makgeolli with rice. Makgeolli was prepared in two-stage fermentation method and total rutin and quercetin in each fermented buckwheat Makgeolli were increased 1.8-fold greater than buckwheat Makgeolli. DPPH antioxidant activity was enhanced in fermented buckwheat Makgeolli than buckwheat Makgeolli (21.9%-65.7%). The amounts of l-carnitine in rice Makgeolli, buckwheat Makgeolli, and fermented buckwheat Makgeolli were 0.9, 0.8-1.0, and 1.0-1.9 mg/L, respectively. The fermented buckwheat Makgeolli not only promoted health benefit by increasing l-carnitine and flavonols, but also made effective alcohol production (2.8%-8.4%) compared to common buckwheat Makgeolli, indicating the potential industrial application with health benefits.
Catalysis by Lewis Acids: Basic Principles for Highly Stereoselective Heterogeneously Catalyzed Cyclization Reactions (2007)

Menthol is an important fragance compound used in many consumer products such as cigarettes, chewing gums, toothpastes, pharmaceutical and personal care products. It is produced on a large scale in the fine chemical industry, and has an estimated worldwide consumption of 6000 tons/year.1–3 Of the ei...
Dosimetric properties of Tb-doped MgAl 2 O 4 single crystals (2020)

Abstract The photoluminescence (PL), scintillation, and dosimetric properties of Tb-doped MgAl 2 O 4 single crystals were evaluated. In terms of PL and scintillation properties, the Tb-doped crystals showed some emission peaks ascribed to the 4f–4f transitions of the Tb 3+ ion. In addition, the optically and thermally stimulated luminescence (OSL and TSL) spectra showed emission peaks considered to be due to the Tb 3+ ion. TSL dose response functions were also evaluated, and the Tb-doped crystals showed linear responses from 0.01 mGy.
Multivalent Anti-CCR5 Ribozymes for Stem Cell-Based HIV Type 1 Gene Therapy (2001)

HIV-1 infection of susceptible cells is mediated by the specific interaction of viral envelope glycoproteins with the cell surface CD4 receptor and a chemokine coreceptor, CCR5 or CXCR4. Individuals with a CCR5 genetic defect show resistance to HIV-1 infection, indicating that downregulation of CCR5 expression on target cells can prevent viral infection. In previous studies we demonstrated the utility of an anti-CCR5 ribozyme targeted to a single cleavage site in downregulating CCR5 expression and consequently providing resistance to viral infection. To improve on the level of downregulation we designed a construct containing an anti-CCR5 ribozyme heterotrimer (R5RbzTM) targeted to three different cleavage sites in CCR5 mRNA. In vitro tests showed that the anti-CCR5 ribozyme heterotrimer could effectively cleave the CCR5 RNA substrates to yield products of the expected sizes. This construct was introduced into various retroviral vectors for stable gene transduction. HOS.CD4/R5 cells stably transduced with this anti-CCR5 heterotrimer showed a marked reduction in the surface expression of CCR5 and a concomitant 70% reduction in macrophage-tropic viral infection. In addition, a retroviral vector containing the anti-CCR5 ribozyme heterotrimer and an anti-HIV-1 tat-rev ribozyme heterodimer was constructed. This construct also showed a similar inhibition of CCR5 surface expression and reduced infectability by the macrophage-tropic HIV-1 vector in HOS.CD4/R5 cells. The trimeric and multimeric ribozyme constructs were transduced into CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells to determine their effects on lineage-specific differentiation. We show that multivalent ribozyme gene-transduced hematopoietic progenitors differentiated normally into mature macrophages that bear CD14 and CD4 surface markers. Macrophages containing the transgenes expressed ribozymes, and showed resistance to M-tropic HIV-1 infection. These results provide strong support for the use of the trimeric anti-CCR5 ribozyme approach in a gene therapy setting for the treatment of HIV infection.
Evolution and Secondary Pathways (2020)

The occurrence of secondary metabolism is a feature common to all living organisms, but restricted to certain taxa. Intermediary metabolism and its products are reasonably well known, but our knowledge of secondary pathways and metabolites is still very limited. Starting from given precursors from intermediary metabolism, in secondary metabolism the evolution of biochemical pathways can proceed in all directions provided that the metabolites are toxic to the producing organism, at least not at the time of their appearance. The main selection principle during the evolution of organisms which can afford the &quot;luxury&quot; of a biochemical playground cannot be fast growth and short generation times. A continuous evolution of biochemical pathways in secondary metabolism must occasionally lead to compounds which offer an advantage to the producing organism. The playground of secondary metabolism is probably a very early relic of biochemical evolution.
Evaluation of Injector Location and Nozzle Design in a Direct-Injection Hydrogen Research Engine (2008)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The favorable physical properties of hydrogen (H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;) make it an excellent alternative fuel for internal combustion (IC) engines and hence it is widely regarded as the energy carrier of the future. Hydrogen direct injection provides multiple degrees of freedom for engine optimization and influencing the in-cylinder combustion processes. This paper compares the results in the mixture formation and combustion behavior of a hydrogen direct-injected single-cylinder research engine using two different injector locations as well as various injector nozzle designs.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;For this study the research engine was equipped with a specially designed cylinder head that allows accommodating a hydrogen injector in a side location between the intake valves as well as in the center location adjacent to the spark plug. Indicated efficiency, emissions as well as in-cylinder pressure data and endoscopic images are used to evaluate the effects of injector location on the mixture formation and consequently the combustion process. In addition to the injector location, different nozzle designs specifically designed for either location are being investigated. The results showed significant differences in combustion and emissions performance between the central injector location and the side location.&lt;/div&gt;
Hole-initiated multiplication in back-illuminated GaN avalanche photodiodes (2007)

Avalanche p-i-n photodiodes were fabricated on AlN templates for back illumination. Structures with different intrinsic layer thicknesses were tested. A critical electric field of 2.73MV∕cm was estimated from the variation of the breakdown voltage with thickness. From the device response under back and front illumination and the consequent selective injection of holes and electrons in the junction, ionization coefficients were obtained for GaN. The hole ionization coefficient was found to be higher than the electron ionization coefficient as predicted by theory. Excess multiplication noise factors were also calculated for back and front illumination, and indicated a higher noise contribution for electron injection.
Dual frequency emission in a compact semiconductor laser for coherent population trapping cesium atomic clocks (2012)

We present the dual-frequency emission of a diode-pumped vertical external-cavity semiconductor laser at 852 nm dedicated to coherent population trapping experiments. With a compact cavity more than 10mW is demonstrated in each polarization, with a frequency difference in the GHz range. One polarization has been stabilized on an atomic transition
Frequency–voltage cooperative CPU power control: A design rule and its application by feedback prediction (2005)

Abstract Frequency–voltage cooperative power control (FVC) is a powerful method to reduce the CPU power consumption of a program during execution, because it utilizes the information on the software workload dynamically. In this paper, we first show through a mathematical analysis the design rule to determine the necessary frequencies and its effect. Then we show experimental results of implementing an FVC with a feedback algorithm on MPEG‐4 video and MP3 audio decoders with two sets of frequency and voltage. The FVC gave a 72% reduction in CPU power consumption during execution. In addition, we show a “Cool‐Start” method that begins the FVC at a lower frequency and improves the power reduction effect. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 36(6): 39–48, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/scj.20263