gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Channel Material Dependence of Wave Function Deformation Scattering in Ultrascaled FinFETs (2017)

We investigate the channel material dependence of wave function deformation scattering (WDS), a phenomenon that occurs when the shape of the carrier wave function is forced to change as the channel is traversed. Line-edge roughness (LER) is one nonideality that can induce WDS in confined device geometries. We perform nonequilibrium Green's function simulations of ensembles of ultrascaled Fin Field Effect Transistors that exhibit correlated LER to determine the resulting on-current distributions. By considering various channel materials, we demonstrate two trends. First, WDS has a greater impact when the transport effective mass of the channel material is low, due to stronger coupling between conducting subbands. Second, WDS has a greater impact when the confinement effective mass of the channel material is high, due to the presence of more conducting subbands, which further enhances coupling.
Trustworthy AI (2020)

Modern AI systems are reaping the advantage of novel learning methods. With their increasing usage, we are realizing the limitations and shortfalls of these systems. Brittleness to minor adversarial changes in the input data, ability to explain the decisions, address the bias in their training data, high opacity in terms of revealing the lineage of the system, how they were trained and tested, and under which parameters and conditions they can reliably guarantee a certain level of performance, are some of the most prominent limitations. Ensuring the privacy and security of the data, assigning appropriate credits to data sources, and delivering decent outputs are also required features of an AI system. We propose the tutorial on “Trustworthy AI” to address six critical issues in enhancing user and public trust in AI systems, namely: (i) bias and fairness, (ii) explainability, (iii) robust mitigation of adversarial attacks, (iv) improved privacy and security in model building, (v) being decent, and (vi) model attribution, including the right level of credit assignment to the data sources, model architectures, and transparency in lineage.
Combined Functional and Immunochemical Analysis of Normal and Abnormal Human Factor X (1979)

A C T Human Factor X was isolated from Cohn fraction III and characterized by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, amino acid composition, and iso- electric focusing. Two molecular forms with biological activity were observed at isoelectric points of 4.8 and 5.0. Antisera generated to Factor X was monospecific and used to establish an equilibrium competitive inhibition radioimmunoassay. This assay was specific for human Factor X and did not cross-react with human prothrombin or bovine Factor X within the sensitivity range of 6-300 ng Factor X antigen/ml. The mean concentration of Factor X based on the antigen was 11.9 ,ug0ml, whereas concentration values based on coagulant activity was 7.8 ,ug/ml. This 30% difference in measurement appears to result from the presence of a subpopulation of Factor X molecules devoid of coagulant activity. The radioimmunoassay was used to qualitatively and quantitatively compare purified Factor X to plasmic Factor X obtained from normal, warfarin- treated, acquired Factor X-deficient, and congenitaldeficient patients. In all but one case, the Factor X present in these plasmas was immunochemically identical to the purified Factor X and permitted precise quantitation of these abnormal Factor X molecules. Factor X procoagulant activity was analyzed relative to Factor X antigen and the specific activities were used to characterize normal and abnormal Factor X molecules. Reduced Factor X activity in plasmas from warfarin-treated and acquired Factor X- deficient patients was attributed to both decreases in Factor X antigen and decreased function of the Factor X molecules. Congenitally deficient patients, in general, showed a reduction in Factor X antigen in parallel with Factor X procoagulant activities
Diastolic Dysfunction Increases the Risk of Primary Graft Dysfunction after Lung Transplant (2016)

Differences in left ventricular diastolic function may contribute to the development of PGD. Future trials are needed to determine whether optimization of left ventricular diastolic function reduces the risk of PGD.
Supplementary Figure Legends 1-6, Table Legend 1 from PI3K Inhibition Impairs BRCA1/2 Expression and Sensitizes BRCA-Proficient Triple-Negative Breast Cancer to PARP Inhibition (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 58K&lt;/p&gt;
Comparative Study of Quick Electron Detrapping and Random Telegraph Signal and Their Dependences on Random Discrete Dopant in Sub-40-nm NAND Flash Memory (2010)

In sub-40-nm flash memory, random discrete dopant (RDD) effect modulates post program/erase (P/E) cycling V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> instabilities through quick electron detrapping (QED) as well as random telegraph signal (RTS). In this letter, for the first time, we discuss the QED phenomenon and its physical origin by comparison with RTS phenomenon. P/E cycling stress not only aggravates the RTS but also generates the new phenomenon of QED which results from transiently trapped charges at near-interface defects during program. By applying a new test algorithm, we could successfully extract the QED component from RTS, both of which are modulated by RDD effect and worsen tail bits in multilevel-cell flash memory.
VEGFR2 survival and mitotic signaling depends on joint activation of associated C3ar1/C5ar1 and IL-6R–gp130 (2019)

Purified vascular endothelial cell (EC) growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR2) auto-phosphorylates upon VEGF-A occupation <i>in vitro</i>, arguing that VEGR2 confers its mitotic and viability signaling in and of itself. Herein, we show that, in ECs, VEGFR2 function requires concurrent C3a/C5a receptor (C3ar1/C5ar1) and IL-6 receptor (IL-6R)-gp130 co-signaling. C3ar1/C5ar1 or IL-6R blockade totally abolished VEGFR2 auto-phosphorylation, downstream Src, ERK, AKT, mTOR and STAT3 activation, and EC cell cycle entry. VEGF-A augmented production of C3a/C5a/IL-6 and their receptors via a two-step p-Tyk2/p-STAT3 process. Co-immunoprecipitation analyses, confocal microscopy, ligand pulldown and bioluminescence resonance energy transfer assays all indicated that the four receptors are physically interactive. Angiogenesis in murine day 5 retinas and in adult tissues was accelerated when C3ar1/C5ar1 signaling was potentiated, but repressed when it was disabled. Thus, C3ar1/C5ar1 and IL-6R-gp130 joint activation is needed to enable physiological VEGFR2 function.
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOCHEMISCHE ASPEKTE DER ADDITION VON KETENEN AN CYCLOPENTADIEN (1970)

Abstract Cyclopentadien (I) reagiert mit Ketenen (in situ, dargestellt aus den Säurechloriden (II) und Triäthylamin) in organischen Lösungsmitteln (Hexan, Petroläther, Chloroform, Benzol) unter Cycloaddition zu den isomeren Bicycloheptenonen (III) und (IV).
Electronic correlation in the quasi-two-dimensional electride Y2C (2018)

The magnetic properties of the electride compound ${\mathrm{Y}}_{2}\mathrm{C}$ were investigated by muon spin rotation and magnetic susceptibility on two samples with different forms (polycrystalline and single crystalline), to examine the theoretically predicted Stoner ferromagnetism for electride bands. There was no evidence of static magnetic order in both samples even at temperatures down to 0.024 K. For the polycrystalline sample, the presence of a paramagnetic moment at the Y sites was inferred from the Curie-Weiss behavior of the muon Knight shift and susceptibility, whereas no such tendency was observed in the single-crystalline sample. These observations suggest that the electronic ground state of ${\mathrm{Y}}_{2}\mathrm{C}$ is at the limit between weak-to-strong electronic correlation, where on-site Coulomb repulsion is sensitive to a local modulation of the electronic state or a shift in the Fermi level due to the presence of defects and/or impurities.
Interacting with sensor networks (2004)

We develop distributed algorithms for sensor networks that respond by directing a target (robot or human) through a region. The sensor network models the event levels sensed across a geographical area, adapts to changes, and guides a moving object incrementally across the network. We describe a device we call a flashlight for interacting with the sensor field. This interaction includes collecting navigation information from the sensors in the local neighborhood, activating and deactivating specified areas of the sensor network, and detecting events in the sensor network. We report on hardware experiments using a physical sensor network consisting of Mote sensors.
Search for diphoton events with large missing transverse momentum in 1 fb−1 of 7 TeV proton–proton collision data with the ATLAS detector (2012)

A search for diphoton events with large missing transverse momentum has been performed using&#13;\n1.07 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data at&#13;\n√&#13;\ns = 7 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector. No excess&#13;\nof events was observed above the Standard Model prediction and 95% Confidence Level (CL) upper limits&#13;\nare set on the production cross section for new physics. The limits depend on each model parameter&#13;\nspace and vary as follows: σ &lt; (22–129) fb in the context of a generalised model of gauge-mediated&#13;\nsupersymmetry breaking (GGM) with a bino-like lightest neutralino, σ &lt; (27–91) fb in the context of a&#13;\nminimal model of gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking (SPS8), and σ &lt; (15–27) fb in the context of&#13;\na specific model with one universal extra dimension (UED). A 95% CL lower limit of 805 GeV, for bino&#13;\nmasses above 50 GeV, is set on the GGM gluino mass. Lower limits of 145 TeV and 1.23 TeV are set on&#13;\nthe SPS8 breaking scale Λ and on the UED compactification scale 1/R, respectively. These limits provide&#13;\nthe most stringent tests of these models to date.
Comparison of the CardioShield filter with the guardwire balloon in the prevention of embolisation during vein graft intervention: results from the CAPTIVE randomised trial. (2006)

Analysis of outcomes of treatment strategies for SVG disease is difficult. In this trial, final results depended on whether a patient actually received the device according to protocol. With 30-day MACE as primary endpoint, CardioShield was not demonstrated to be noninferior to GuardWire.
Contact Doping with Sub‐Monolayers of Strong Polyelectrolytes for Organic Photovoltaics (2014)

Barriers to charge transfer at electrode‐semiconductor contacts are ubiquitous and limit the applicability of organic semiconductors in electronic devices. Molecular or ionic doping near contacts can alleviate charge injection or extraction problems by enabling charge tunneling through contact barriers, but the soft nature of organic materials allows for small molecule dopants to diffuse and migrate, degrading the performance of the device and limiting effective interfacial doping. Here, it is demonstrated that contact doping in organic electronics is possible through ionic polymer dopants, which resist diffusion or migration due to their large size. Sub‐monolayer deposition of non‐conjugated strong polyelectrolytes, e.g., sulfonated poly(sulfone)s, at the anode‐semiconductor interface of organic photovoltaics enables efficient hole extraction at the anode. The performance of contact‐doped organic photo­voltaics nearly matches the performance of devices composed of traditional hole transport layers such as poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS). The degree of sulfonation of the dopant polymer and the thickness of the ionic dopant layer is shown to be critical for optimizing doping and the efficiency of the device.
Non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis patients without initial evidence of inflammation may develop objective inflammation over time (2017)

Patients who have clinically active disease but who lack objective evidence of inflammation initially may benefit from subsequent retesting for inflammation to guide treatment.
Oral intake of heat-killed Lactiplantibacillus pentosus ONRICb0240 partially protects mice against SARS-CoV-2 infection (2023)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the ongoing coronavirus pandemic. Besides vaccines and antiviral drugs, probiotics have attracted attention for prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here, we examined the efficacy of heat-killed Lactiplantibacillus pentosus ONRICb0240 (b240) against SARS-CoV-2 infection in mice. We observed that oral intake of heat-killed b240 did not affect virus titers in the respiratory organs of SARS-CoV-2-infected mice, but did provide partial protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection. In addition, heat-killed b240 treatment suppressed the expression of IL-6, a key proinflammatory cytokine, on Day 2 post-infection. Our results highlight the promising protective role of heat-killed b240 and suggest a possible mechanism by which heat-killed b240 partially protects against SARS-CoV-2 infection by modulating host responses.
Dynamic energy management needs in low-energy buildings imposed by stochastic solar resources (2015)

This paper introduces various electrical and thermal energy generation, consumption, and storage components in solar powered low-energy buildings. Dynamic management of such energy components is essential given the stochastic solar resources. Emphasis is put on power electronic HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning) drives, which can act as an effective electric swing bus to mitigate solar power variability. In doing so, grid power flows become substantially more constant, reducing the need for fast grid resources or dedicated energy storage such as batteries. The concept is equivalent to using building thermal energy as virtual dynamic storage in support of power grid operation. The paper defines a bandwidth over which such HVAC drives can operate. A practical band-pass filter is realized that provides 1) lower frequency bounds such that the building maintains consistent room temperature via the HVAC system as demonstrated by a thermal modeling study, and 2) upper frequency bounds that ensure commanded HVAC fan speeds do not update arbitrarily fast. The latter primarily avoids acoustic discomfort to users. The combination is illustrated by experimental results based on various update rates of a variable frequency fan drive over a sample of actual stochastic solar data. Building electrical and thermal energy systems modeling by MATLAB is addressed throughout the paper, including solar and HVAC systems as well as batteries and water tanks.
Prosomal-width-to-weight relationships in American horseshoe crabs (Limulus polyphemus): examining conversion factors used to estimate landings (2009)

Horseshoe crabs (Limulus polyphemus) are valued by many stakeholders, including the commercial fishing industry, biomedical companies, and environmental interest groups. We designed a study to test the accuracy of the conversion factors that were used by NOAA Fisheries and state agencies to estimate horseshoe crab landings before mandatory reporting that began in 1998. Our results indicate that the NOAA Fisheries conversion factor consistently overestimates the weight of male horseshoe crabs, particularly those from New England populations. Because of the inaccuracy of this and other conversion factors, states are now mandated to report the number (not biomass) and sex of landed horseshoe crabs. However, accurate estimates of biomass are still necessary for use in prediction models that are being developed to better manage the horseshoe crab fishery. We recommend that managers use the conversion factors presented in this study to convert current landing data from numbers to biomass of harvested horseshoe crabs for future assessments.
Inorganic nanostructure-organic polymer heterostructures useful for thermoelectric devices (2023)

The present invention provides for an inorganic nanostructure-organic polymer heterostructure, useful as a thermoelectric composite material, comprising (a) an inorganic nanostructure, and (b) an electrically conductive organic polymer disposed on the inorganic nanostructure. Both the inorganic nanostructure and the electrically conductive organic polymer are solution-processable.
Emission characterization of diamond coated Si FEAs (2002)

Large-area arrays of Si tips (10/sup 3/-10/sup 6/ tips in an array) with diamond coating were tested in pulse and DC modes. The arrays demonstrated uniform emission, reproducible I-V plots and low emission threshold. The maximum current achieved with diamond coated Si arrays was 80 mA in pulse mode. Emission characteristics were found to be superior to the uncoated Si tip arrays or diamond-coated flat cathodes.
Improving work conditions through strike: Examination of nurses’ attitudes through perceptions of two physician strikes in Israel (2017)

While patient-centered care remains nurses' first and foremost priority, findings indicate an increasing support of collective bargaining and strike to promote working conditions related to professional and public health agendas.
A New Route to Cationic Half‐Sandwich Ruthenium(II) Complexes with Chiral Cyclopentadienylphosphane Ligands (2004)

Abstract Optically active cyclopentadienyl‐linked phosphane ligands L n of general formula C 5 H 5 CH 2 CH(R)PR′ 2 (R = Ph, R′ = Ph, L 1 ; R = Ph, R′ = Cy, L 2 ; R = mesityl, R′ = Ph, L 3 ) and C 5 H 5 CH(R)CH 2 PPh 2 (R = Cy, L 4 ; R = Bzl, L 5 ) are synthesised by ring‐opening reactions of 1‐R‐spiro[2.4]hepta‐4,6‐dienes (R = Ph, Cy, mesityl, benzyl), with lithium phosphides LiPR′ 2 (Ar = Ph, Cy). Reaction of the ligands L n with [RuH(η 5 ‐C 7 H 11 ) 2 ][BF 4 ] in acetonitrile at reflux affords the bis(acetonitrile) ruthenium( II ) complexes [Ru(η 5 ‐C 5 H 4 (C 2 H 3 R)PR′ 2 ‐κ P )(CH 3 CN) 2 ][BF 4 ], in which the ligands are coordinated to the metal through the cyclopentadienyl and the phosphane moieties forming a chelate, in almost quantitative yields. The complexes are active catalysts in the redox isomerisation of geraniol affording chiral citronellal but with low enantioselectivity. They also catalyze an aldol‐type C−C coupling reaction between 3‐buten‐2‐ol and benzaldehyde affording almost racemic 4‐hydroxy‐3‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐2‐butanone with good diastereoselectivity ( syn / anti ratio up to 77:23). (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Somatic variants in autosomal dominant genes are a rare cause of sporadic Alzheimer's disease (2018)

Two of the SORL1 variant might have contributed to the disease, the two APP variants were interpreted as likely benign and the other variants remained of unknown significance. Somatic variants in the autosomal dominant AD genes may not be a common cause of sporadic AD, including early onset cases.
MeMOT: Multi-Object Tracking with Memory (2022)

We propose an online tracking algorithm that performs the object detection and data association under a common framework, capable of linking objects after a long time span. This is realized by preserving a large spatio-temporal memory to store the identity embeddings of the tracked objects, and by adaptively referencing and aggregating useful information from the memory as needed. Our model, called MeMOT, consists of three main modules that are all Transformer-based: 1) Hypothesis Generation that produce object proposals in the current video frame; 2) Memory Encoding that extracts the core information from the memory for each tracked object; and 3) Memory Decoding that solves the object detection and data association tasks simultaneously for multi-object tracking. When evaluated on widely adopted MOT benchmark datasets, MeMOT observes very competitive performance.
Exploiting glycan topography for computational design of Env glycoprotein antigenicity (2018)

Mounting evidence suggests that glycans, rather than merely serving as a "shield", contribute critically to antigenicity of the HIV envelope (Env) glycoprotein, representing critical antigenic determinants for many broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs). While many studies have focused on defining the role of individual glycans or groups of proximal glycans in bNAb binding, little is known about the effects of changes in the overall glycan landscape in modulating antibody access and Env antigenicity. Here we developed a systems glycobiology approach to reverse engineer the complexity of HIV glycan heterogeneity to guide antigenicity-based de novo glycoprotein design. bNAb binding was assessed against a panel of 94 recombinant gp120 monomers exhibiting defined glycan site occupancies. Using a Bayesian machine learning algorithm, bNAb-specific glycan footprints were identified and used to design antigens that selectively alter bNAb antigenicity as a proof-of concept. Our approach provides a new design strategy to predictively modulate antigenicity via the alteration of glycan topography, thereby focusing the humoral immune response on sites of viral vulnerability for HIV.
The influence of transition metal oxides on the kinetics of Li2O2oxidation in Li–O2batteries: high activity of chromium oxides (2013)

Reducing the energy loss associated with Li2O2 electrochemical oxidation is paramount to the development of efficient rechargeable lithium-oxygen (Li-O2) batteries for practical use. The influence of a series of perovskites with different eg filling on the kinetics of Li2O2 oxidation was examined using Li2O2-prefilled electrodes. While LaCrO3 is inactive for oxygen evolution upon water oxidation in alkaline solution, it was found to provide the highest specific current towards Li2O2 oxidation among all the perovskites examined. Further exploration of Cr-based catalysts showed that Cr nanoparticles (Cr NP) with an average particle size of 40 nm, having oxidized surfaces, had comparable surface area activities to LaCrO3 but much greater mass activities. Unlike Pt/C and Ru/C that promote electrolyte oxidation in addition to Li2O2 oxidation, no evidence of enhanced electrolyte oxidation was found for Cr NP relative to Vulcan carbon. X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the O K and Cr L edge revealed a redox process of Cr(3+) ↔ Cr(6+) on the surface of Cr NP upon Li2O2 oxidation, which might be responsible for the enhanced oxidation kinetics of Li2O2 and the reduced charging voltages of Li-O2 batteries.
Hemiarthroplasty of the Distal Ulna With an Eccentric Prosthesis (2007)

Replacement arthroplasty of the ulnar head is indicated primarily for stiffness and pain as a consequence of rheumatoid, degenerative, and posttraumatic arthritis of the distal radioulnar joint. It is also successfully used in the setting of previous failed excisional arthroplasty of the distal ulna. A distal ulnar hemiarthroplasty, which anatomically recreates the native ulnar head by employing an eccentric design, is discussed. The surgical technique includes a dorsal approach and careful repair of the soft tissue stabilizers.
Advantage of MRI Curved-MPR Image in Lumbar Degenerative Disease (2013)

MRI (37 ) MRI CT MRI MAGNETOM