gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
White beam x-ray waveguide optics (2004)

We report a white beam x-ray waveguide (WG) experiment. A resonant beam coupler x-ray waveguide (RBC) is used simultaneously as a broad bandpass (or multibandpass) monochromator and as a beam compressor. We show that, depending on the geometrical properties of the WG, the exiting beam consists of a defined number of wavelengths which can be shifted by changing the angle of incidence of the white x-ray synchrotron beam. The characteristic far-field pattern is recorded as a function of exit angle and energy. This x-ray optical setup may be used to enhance the intensity of coherent x-ray WG beams since the full energetic acceptance of the WG mode is transmitted.
Gas diffusion electrodes for oxygen reduction loaded with transition metal nitrides. (1987)

5種の遷移金属窒化物を調製し,NaOH水溶液中での酸素の電気化学的還元反応に対する触媒作用を回転リング.ディスク電極法を用いて調べた。その結果,いずれの窒化物も酸素の四電子還元(02+2H20+4e→40H-)に対する活盤をもち,とくにMn4Nの活性が高いことがわかった。一方,Co3Nを除くすべての窒化物はHO2-分解活性がほとんどなかった。これらの窒化物のうちMn4Nを電極触媒として用いて,テフロン結着型のガス拡散型炭素電極を作製し,酸素還元特性を調べたところ,添加量が20および60wt%のときに性能に極大が現われた。とくにMn4Nを60wt%使用した電極の性能は非常に高く,-125mV(vs.Hg/HgO)では2400A/cm2もの高電流密度が得られた。これは炭素単独の場合の約24倍であった。m電極の短期連緯試験の結果,300mA/cm2の電流密度においてMn4Nを添加した電極では初期25時間まで若干の性能低下が見られたが,その後は50時間ほぼ安定に作動することがわかった。ただし,試験前後の電極のX線回折分析の結果からMn4Nの構造変化はほとんど認められなかったが,その表面にはごく薄い酸化物層が形成されていることがXPS測定からわかった。
The Energy Equation for Freezing of Biological Tissue (1989)

In the past, the process of freezing in biological tissue was modeled using the regular energy equation for a homogeneous compound. New experimental evidence shows that in tissue the water freezes separately in the vascular system and in the cells. The freezing process is affected by the water transport between the cells and the blood vessels. A new equation was developed to model the experimental results. In this work the general equation for freezing of biological tissue will be presented together with a linearized version of the new equation. A perturbation solution is obtained for the linearized equation to illustrate the effect of the water transport on the freezing process in tissue.
Single-Cell Transcriptome Analyses Reveal Endothelial Cell Heterogeneity in Tumors and Changes following Antiangiogenic Treatment (2018)

Angiogenesis involves dynamic interactions between specialized endothelial tip and stalk cells that are believed to be regulated in part by VEGF and Dll4-Notch signaling. However, our understanding of this process is hampered by limited knowledge of the heterogeneity of endothelial cells and the role of different signaling pathways in specifying endothelial phenotypes. Here, we characterized by single-cell transcriptomics the heterogeneity of mouse endothelial cells and other stromal cells during active angiogenesis in xenograft tumors as well as from adult normal heart, following pharmacologic inhibition of VEGF and Dll4-Notch signaling. We classified tumor endothelial cells into three subpopulations that appeared to correspond with tip-like, transition, and stalk-like cells. Previously identified markers for tip and stalk cells were confirmed and several novel ones discovered. Blockade of VEGF rapidly inhibited cell-cycle genes and strongly reduced the proportion of endothelial tip cells in tumors. In contrast, blockade of Dll4 promoted endothelial proliferation as well as tip cell markers; blockade of both pathways inhibited endothelial proliferation but preserved some tip cells. We also phenotypically classified other tumor stromal cells and found that tumor-associated fibroblasts responded to antiangiogenic drug treatments by upregulating hypoxia-associated genes and producing secreted factors involved in angiogenesis. Overall, our findings better define the heterogeneity of tumor endothelial and other stromal cells and reveal the roles of VEGF and Dll4-Notch in specifying tumor endothelial phenotype, highlighting the response of stromal cells to antiangiogenic therapies.<b>Significance:</b> These findings provide a framework for defining subpopulations of endothelial cells and tumor-associated fibroblasts and their rapid changes in gene expression following antiangiogenic treatment. <i>Cancer Res; 78(9); 2370-82. ©2018 AACR</i>.
Bacteria-surface interactions: methodological development for the assessment of implant surface treatments (2012)

Bacteria-surface interactions: methodological development for the assessment of implant surface treatments
Direct CP violation in charmless three-body decays of B± mesons (2023)

Measurements of $CP$ asymmetries in charmless three-body decays of ${B}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$ mesons are reported using proton-proton collision data collected by the LHCb detector, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $5.9\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. The previously observed $CP$ asymmetry in ${B}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}{K}^{+}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ decays is confirmed, and $CP$ asymmetries are observed with a significance of more than five standard deviations in the ${B}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ and ${B}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}{K}^{+}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ decays, while the $CP$ asymmetry of ${B}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ decays is confirmed to be compatible with zero. The distributions of these asymmetries are also studied as a function of the three-body phase space and suggest contributions from rescattering and resonance interference processes. An indication of the presence of the decays ${B}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}{\ensuremath{\chi}}_{c0}(1P)$ in both ${B}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ and ${B}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}{K}^{+}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ decays is observed, as is $CP$ violation involving these amplitudes.
Discovery of high affinity anti-ricin antibodies by B cell receptor sequencing and by yeast display of combinatorial VH:VLlibraries from immunized animals (2016)

Ricin is a toxin that could potentially be used as a bioweapon. We identified anti-ricin A chain antibodies by sequencing the antibody repertoire from immunized mice and by selecting high affinity antibodies using yeast surface display. These methods led to the isolation of multiple antibodies with high (sub-nanomolar) affinity. Interestingly, the antibodies identified by the 2 independent approaches are from the same clonal lineages, indicating for the first time that yeast surface display can identify native antibodies. The new antibodies represent well-characterized reagents for biodefense diagnostics and therapeutics development.
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Use in Acute Myocardial Infarction in the United States, 2000 to 2014 (2019)

In AMI admissions, a steady increase was noted in the utilization of ECMO alone and with concomitant procedures (percutaneous coronary intervention, intra-aortic balloon pump, and percutaneous LVAD). In-hospital mortality remained high in AMI admissions treated with ECMO.
64‐1: Photolithographic Integration of High Performance Polymer Thin‐Film Transistors (2016)

We demonstrate the development of organic semiconductor and passive material formulations optimized for photolithographic integration using existing photo‐resist materials and technology. These materials can be coated and patterned to produce organic thin‐film transistors suitable for integration into mass production processes with charge carrier mobility of greater than 2 cm 2 /Vs.
Variable-Speed-Drive-Based Estimation of the Pressure Drop Caused by Filter Fouling in Fan Systems (2018)

Variable-speed drives (VSD) can be utilized in fluid handling system diagnosis and monitoring methods. Many of these methods can be implemented without additional sensors, which together with the ubiquity of VSDs makes them cost-efficient. This paper proposes a sensorless VSD-based method for estimating the pressure drop caused by air filter fouling.
Magnetic Spin-Orbit Interaction of Light Steers Bloch Surface Waves (2018)

We show the directional excitation of Bloch surface waves controlled by the magnetic field of light. The phenomenon in play is the first magnetic spin-orbit interaction of light. It opens new degrees of freedom in the manipulation of light and offers appealing novel opportunities in the detection of the spin density of the magnetic optical field.
Nanoscale control of LaAlO3/SrTiO3 metal-insulator transition using ultra-low-voltage electron-beam lithography (2020)

We describe a method to control the insulator-metal transition at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface using ultra-low-voltage electron beam lithography (ULV-EBL). Compared with previous reports that utilize conductive atomic-force-microscope lithography (c-AFM), this approach can provide comparable resolution (~10 nm) at write speeds (10 mm/s) that are up to 10,000x faster than c-AFM. The writing technique is non-destructive and the conductive state is reversible via prolonged exposure to air. Transport properties of representative devices are measured at milli-Kelvin temperatures, where superconducting behavior is observed. We also demonstrate the ability to create conducting devices on graphene/LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterostructures. The underlying mechanism is believed to be closely related to the same mechanism regulating c-AFM-based methods.
Steward: Scaling Byzantine Fault-Tolerant Replication to Wide Area Networks (2008)

This paper presents the first hierarchical byzantine fault-tolerant replication architecture suitable to systems that span multiple wide-area sites. The architecture confines the effects of any malicious replica to its local site, reduces message complexity of wide-area communication, and allows read-only queries to be performed locally within a site for the price of additional standard hardware. We present proofs that our algorithm provides safety and liveness properties. A prototype implementation is evaluated over several network topologies and is compared with a flat byzantine fault-tolerant approach. The experimental results show considerable improvement over flat byzantine replication algorithms, bringing the performance of byzantine replication closer to existing benign fault-tolerant replication techniques over wide area networks.
Operation of α(6H)-SiC pressure sensor at 500°C (2002)

6H-SiC piezoresistive pressure sensors operational at 500/spl deg/C, were batch fabricated and tested. The full scale output (FSO at 1000 psi) was 40.66 mV and 20.03 mV at 23/spl deg/C and 500/spl deg/C, respectively, The full-scale linearity of -0.17% and hysteresis of 0.17% compared favorably with current technology. No serious degradation was observed when operated for ten hours at 500/spl deg/C, The temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR), was -0.25%//spl deg/C and -0.05%//spl deg/C at 100/spl deg/C and 500/spl deg/C, respectively, The temperature coefficient of gauge factor (TCGF) exhibited negative values of 0.19%//spl deg/C and -0.11%/spl deg/C at 100/spl deg/C and 500/spl deg/C, respectively, This work demonstrated batch manufacturing and operation of pressure sensors for temperatures beyond silicon technology.
Turbo similarity searching: Effect of fingerprint and dataset on virtual‐screening performance (2009)

Abstract Turbo similarity searching uses information about the nearest neighbors in a conventional chemical similarity search to increase the effectiveness of virtual screening with a data fusion approach being used to combine the nearest‐neighbor information. A previous paper suggested that the approach was highly effective in operation; this paper further tests the approach using a range of different databases and of structural representations. Searches were carried out on three different databases of chemical structures, using seven different types of fingerprints, as well as molecular holograms, physicochemical properties, topological indices and reduced graphs. The results show that turbo similarity searching can indeed enhance retrieval but that this is normally achieved only if the similarity search that acts as its starting point has already achieved at least some reasonable level of search effectiveness. In other cases, a modified version of TSS that uses the nearest‐neighbor information for approximate machine learning can be used effectively. Though useful for qualitative (active/inactive) predictions of biological activity, turbo similarity searching does not appear to exhibit any predictive power when quantitative property data is available. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining 2: 103‐114, 2009
Conical intersection dynamics in Rhodopsin and its analog isorhodopsin (2013)

In this paper, pump-probe spectroscopy with simultaneous sub-20-fs time resolution and broad spectral coverage from the visible to the near infrared was used to track the wavepacket motion through a conical intersection (CI) in rhodopsin (Rh). Results show that the wavepacket reaches the CI in ≈75 fs, after which it leaves the excited state of the reactant. The transient signals were simulated by hybrid quantum-mechanical/molecular-mechanical trajectories following the evolution of the opsin-embedded chromophore from the excited to the ground electronic state. Excellent agreement between the experimental observations and molecular dynamics calculations that involve a true electronic state crossing were observed. This suggests that the CI seam has a strongly “peaked” topography.
Extended ephemeral logging (1997)

article Free AccessExtended ephemeral logging: log storage management for applications with long lived transactions Authors: John S. Keen Silicon Graphics, Mountain View, CA Silicon Graphics, Mountain View, CAView Profile , William J. Dally Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MAView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM Transactions on Database SystemsVolume 22Issue 1pp 1–42https://doi.org/10.1145/244810.244811Published:01 March 1997Publication History 5citation636DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations5Total Downloads636Last 12 Months13Last 6 weeks2 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Synthesis and Characterization of Phenylated Poly(Phenylquinoxaline)s (1997)

Abstract A new bis (phenyl-α-dicarbonyl) monomer 2, 5-bis- (4-phenyl glyoxaloyl)-3, 4-diphenyl thiophene (II) was synthesised and characterised by mass, NMR and IR spectroscopy. A series of poly (phenylquinoxaline)s PPQs was prepared by solution polycondensation of 3–3′ diamino-benzidine (DAB) with II and 4–4′ oxidibenzil. All these PPQs were obtained in quantitative yields; had reduced viscosity in the range of 0.79–0.96 dL/ g and were readily soluble in cresol and halogenated hydrocarbons. They showed film forming properties, had no weight loss below 556°C and retain more than 60% weight at 900°C when investigated for TGA under nitrogen atmosphere.
Synthesis and Gas Sensing Properties of Polypyrrole/MoO3-Layered Nanohybrids (2004)

Abstract Intercalative hybrid materials, comprised of polypyrrole (PPy) chains interleaved with the layers of MoO3, have been synthesized using concomitant ion exchange reaction. The (PPy)xMoO3-pressed pellets show a semiconducting-like transport with an activation energy of 0.2 eV. The MoO3 host layers play a dominant role in the determination of the transport properties of (PPy)xMoO3. The (PPy)xMoO3-pressed pellets show a distinct response to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by increasing their electrical resistivity, which could be induced by the incorporation of VOC molecules into the interlayers of (PPy)xMoO3. (PPy)xMoO3 exhibits higher sensitivities to polar analytes such as formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, whereas it shows almost no response to toluene and benzene.
Development of Micro-roughness Measuring Probe Using Longitudinal Tapping Mode by Ultrasonic Vibration Sensor (2005)

This paper presents a new micro-roughness measuring probe which uses an ultrasonic vibration sensor in a longitudinal tapping mode. The sensor is controlled by a measuring force control system including a fine and a coarse servo driving mechanism for non-destructive, accurate and rapid measurement. The measuring force is 1μN–20μN, and the frequency response is 0.1kHz-1kHz, depending upon the measuring force. Furthermore the two servo driving mechanisms enable a wide measuring range. The surface of a gauge block measured with nm resolution is shown as an example of the performance of the probe.
Evaluation of a PCR-RFLP assay for the identification of dermatophytes in situ (2011)

Dermatophytes are the main cause of superficial mycoses. These fungi have the capacity to invade keratinized tissue of humans or animals to produce infections that are generally restricted to the corneocytes of the skin, hair, and nails. Nevertheless, it is common to obtain negative results from fungal cultures of dermatological specimens where direct mycological examination showed fungal elements (30-40%). However, correct identification of the isolated dermatophytes from Tinea is important to choose the appropriate treatment. Therefore, we aim to develop a rapid polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assay based on 28S rDNA that is able to identify dermatophytes species in positive dermatological samples. PCR-RFLP identification of dermatophytes in skin or hair allowed validation of the results obtained in culture. It was also possible to identify the infectious dermatophytes when direct hair/ skin mycological examination showed fungal elements, but negative results were obtained from fungal culture. As a conclusion, PCR methods may provide significant benefits in the rapid diagnosis of Tinea. First, there is an increase in sensitivity of dermatophytes identification when enough material is available. Secondly, identification of the infecting agent can be obtained in 24 hours with PCR-RFLP or sequencing, whereas results from fungal cultures can take 2-3 weeks.
(Z)-2-(Benzoyl-aci-nitro)-2-phenylacetonitrile (1996)

The aci-nitro group of the title compound, C15H10N2O3, is almost coplanar with the phenyl­acetonitrile moiety [O11-N10⋯C1-C2 8.3 (2)°] and is almost perpendicular to the benzoyl group [O11-N10-O12-C13 84.7 (2)°]. The C-N=O angle of the aci-nitro group is distorted due to steric interaction with the neighboring ortho-H atom of the phenyl ring.
Comparative Genome Analysis of Psychrobacillus Strain PB01, Isolated from an Iceberg (2020)

A novel psychrotolerant <i>Psychrobacillus</i> strain PB01, isolated from an Antarctic iceberg, was comparatively analyzed with five related strains. The complete genome of strain PB01 consists of a single circular chromosome (4.3 Mb) and a plasmid (19 Kb). As potential low-temperature adaptation strategies, strain PB01 has four genes encoding cold-shock proteins, two genes encoding DEAD-box RNA helicases, and eight genes encoding transporters for glycine betaine, which can serve as a cryoprotectant, on the genome. The pan-genome structure of the six <i>Psychrobacillus</i> strains suggests that strain PB01 might have evolved to adapt to extreme environments by changing its genome content to gain higher capacity for DNA repair, translation, and membrane transport. Notably, strain PB01 possesses a complete TCA cycle consisting of eight enzymes as well as three additional <i>Helicobacter</i> pylori-type enzymes: ferredoxin-dependent 2-oxoglutarate synthase, succinyl-CoA/acetoacetyl-CoA transferase, and malate/quinone oxidoreductase. The co-existence of the genes for TCA cycle enzymes has also been identified in the other five <i>Psychrobacillus</i> strains.
Creep-Fatigue Relationsihps in Electroactive Polymer Systems and Predicted Effects in an Actuator Design (2009)

The paper concerns the time-dependent behavior of electroactive polymers (EAP) and their use in advanced intelligent structures for space exploration. Innovative actuator design for low weight and low power valves required in small plants planned for use on the moon for chemical analysis is discussed. It is shown that in-depth understanding of cyclic loading effects observed through accelerated creep rates due to creep-fatigue interaction in polymers is critical in terms of proper functioning of EAP based actuator devices. In the paper, an overview of experimental results concerning the creep properties and cyclic creep response of a thin film piezoelectric polymer polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is presented. The development of a constitutive creep-fatigue interaction model to predict the durability and service life of electroactive polymers is discussed. A novel method is proposed to predict damage accumulation and fatigue life of polymers under oyclic loading conditions in the presence of creep. The study provides a basis for ongoing research initiatives at the NASA Kennedy Space Center in the pursuit of new technologies using EAP as active elements for lunar exploration systems.
Studies towards the Synthesis of Rapamycin: Regiocontrol in the Addition of Carbanions to Enantiomerically Pure Epoxides and the Formation of a Highly Substituted Tetrahydrofuran (2005)

Reaction of trimethylaluminium, dimethyllithium cuprate and lithium tetramethylaluminate with the homochiral epoxide 8 has been studied. Intermolecular epoxide ring-opening was observed with dimethyllithium cuprate and lithium tetramethylaluminate, but acetal ring-opening followed by intramolecular epoxide ring-opening was observed with trimethylaluminium.
Immunotoxin Therapy of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (2004)

There are approx 8000 new cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) a year in the United States (1). Most patients eventually progress to an advanced stage or develop rapidly progressive disease with a median survival of only 18–36 mo (2). Although allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (including nonmyeloablative conditioning regimens) offers the possibility of longterm remission or cure (3), most patients either lack suitable donors and have comorbidities that prevent such therapy. Monoclonal antibodies, radiolabeled antibody conjugates, and antibody-drug conjugates have been used in CLL and have produced clinical remissions, but most of the responses have been partial and have not been durable. Hence, additional novel agents that may significantly impact on the natural history of this disease are needed. One such class of agents is the immunotoxins consisting of monoclonal antibodies, antibody fragments, or cytokines linked either chemically or genetically to peptide toxins. The antibody or cytokine directs the molecule to the CLL cell surface. The toxin moiety is internalized and translocated to the cytosol, where it enzymatically inactivates protein synthesis inducing programmed cell death. In this review, we discuss the unique biology of the CLL cell that makes it an attractive candidate for immunotoxin therapy. We describe potential CLL cell surface receptors for targeting with immunotoxins as well as the structure and function of selected CLL immunotoxins. Finally, the clinical results of previous and on-going clinical trials with these agents in CLL are analyzed.