gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aggregation-Induced Electrochemiluminescence of Platinum(II) Complexes (2017)

We report the electrochemiluminescence properties of square-planar Pt(II) complexes that result from the formation of supramolecular nanostructures. We define this new phenomenon as aggregation-induced electrochemiluminescence (AIECL). In this system, self-assembly changes the HOMO and LUMO energies, making their population accessible via ECL pathways and leading to the generation of the luminescent excited state. Significantly, the emission from the self-assembled system is the first example of electrochemiluminescence (ECL) of Pt(II) complexes in aqueous solution having higher efficiency than the standard, Ru(bpy)<sub>3</sub><sup>2+</sup>.The finding can lead to a new generation of bright emitters that can be used as ECL labels.
Hardware Moving Target Defenses against Physical Attacks (2022)

The concept of moving target defense (MTD) has entrenched itself as a viable strategy to reverse the typical asymmetries in cyber warfare. MTDs are technologies that seek to make target systems dynamically change in order to limit the time and information available to complete an attack, increase the likelihood of detection, and/or deter attackers from proceeding. The benefits of MTD have been shown for network-, operating system-, and application-level security. Hardware roots-of-trust, however, are static "sitting ducks", especially against physical attacks, and can therefore benefit from the dynamics brought about by MTDs. Although many MTD concepts seem transferable to hardware applications, there has hardly been any work to establish a functioning research pipeline for countermeasures to physical attacks. The aim of this paper is to introduce viable MTD concepts, describe the issues that they can address, and chart a path towards their realization for the community.
An evaluation of borehole flowmeters used to measure horizontal ground-water flow in limestones of Indiana, Kentucky, and Tennessee, 1999 (2001)

Additional research is needed to determine how measurements of flow in boreholes relate to flow in bedrock aquifers. The flowmeters may need to be evaluated under controlled laboratory conditions to determine which of the methods accurately measure ground-water velocities and flow directions. Additional research also is needed to investigate variations in
Implementation and Performance Evaluation of Jointly Combined LDM and MIMO System Based on ATSC 3.0 (2023)

To improve the channel capacity and spectral efficiency, Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) released the second-generation digital terrestrial television standard, namely ATSC 3.0, comprising non-backward compatible technologies such as multiple input multiple output (MIMO) and layered division multiplexing (LDM). Although the current version of ATSC 3.0 does not allow using MIMO with LDM, it has been discussed to jointly combine LDM and MIMO due to the lack of spectrum. In this paper, we introduce our developing transmitter and receiver hardware, which implements the jointly combined LDM and MIMO broadcasting system and has two input and output ports for dual-polarized MIMO antennas. The developed system is intensively evaluated based on the reception performance in laboratory environments.
Controlling Anion Composition at Metal–Insulator–Semiconductor Interfaces on III–V Channels by Plasma Processing (2012)

The anion composition of InGaAs surfaces was controlled by using plasma processing, and its effects on the metal–insulator–semiconductor (MIS) properties were investigated. On-line Auger electron spectroscopy showed that H2 plasma cleaning on InGaAs effectively reduced the surface oxides and removed approximately one monolayer of As. Following this by plasma nitridation successfully introduced approximately two monolayers of N; however, the nitrided layer also contained an oxide component. Although the electrical properties of the Al2O3/InGaAs capacitors were degraded by H2 plasma processing, subsequent nitridation restored well-behaved MIS characteristics to the devices. The channel mobility of MIS field-effect transistors with a nitride interface was higher than that of the control device.
Traffic Classification over Gbit Speed with Commodity Hardware (2009)

This paper discusses necessary components of a GPU-assisted traffic classification method, which is capable ofmulti-Gbps speeds on commodity hardware. The majority of the traffic classification is pushed to the GPU to offload the CPU, which then may serve other processing intensive tasks, e.g., traffic capture. The paper presents two massively parallelizable algorithms suitable for GPUs. The first one performs signature search using a modification of Zobrist hashing. The second algorithm supports connection pattern-based analysis and aggregation of matches using a parallel-prefix-sum algorithm adapted to GPU.The performance tests of the proposed methods showed that traffic classification is possible up to approximately 6 Gbps with a commodity PC.
Alkylation reactions of the CCO ligand in triruthenium carbonyl clusters. Synthesis and x-ray crystal structure of Ru3(CO)9(.mu.3-CO)[.mu.3-C:C(OCH3)CH3] (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAlkylation reactions of the CCO ligand in triruthenium carbonyl clusters. Synthesis and x-ray crystal structure of Ru3(CO)9(.mu.3-CO)[.mu.3-C:C(OCH3)CH3]M. J. Sailor, C. P. Brock, and D. F. ShriverCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 20, 6015–6022Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1987https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00254a021RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views99Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1017 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Multi-omics profiling reveals a distinctive epigenome signature for high-risk acute promyelocytic leukemia (2018)

Epigenomic alterations have been associated with both pathogenesis and progression of cancer. Here, we analyzed the epigenome of two high-risk APL (hrAPL) patients and compared it to non-high-risk APL cases. Despite the lack of common genetic signatures, we found that human hrAPL blasts from patients with extremely poor prognosis display specific patterns of histone H3 acetylation, specifically hyperacetylation at a common set of enhancer regions. In addition, unique profiles of the repressive marks H3K27me3 and DNA methylation were exposed in high-risk APLs. Epigenetic comparison with low/intermediate-risk APLs and AMLs revealed hrAPL-specific patterns of histone acetylation and DNA methylation, suggesting these could be further developed into markers for clinical identification. The epigenetic drug MC2884, a newly generated general HAT/EZH2 inhibitor, induces apoptosis of high-risk APL blasts and reshapes their epigenomes by targeting both active and repressive marks. Together, our analysis uncovers distinctive epigenome signatures of hrAPL patients, and provides proof of concept for use of epigenome profiling coupled to epigenetic drugs to 'personalize' precision medicine.
Estimation of Bulk Melt-Temperature from In-Mold Thermal Sensors for Injection Molding, Part B: Validation (2016)

Abstract An analytical method for estimating the bulk melt temperature in the injection molding process by means of in-mold temperature sensors was presented in Part A of this article. This method was validated using a transient cooling simulation of an injection molding process. The simulation considered the heat flux and heat accumulation in the mold starting from process startup until steady state was achieved. For the simulation, a full 3D model of the mold geometry was developed. The average coolant temperature and the initial cavity wall temperature were evaluated as boundary conditions. The first was found to provide a more accurate prediction of the bulk melt temperature although it increases the sensitivity of the method to the temperature measurement. Overall, the trends correlated well for both simulated and experimental data as well as the bulk temperature measurements.
Delay of left ventricular longitudinal expansion with diastolic dysfunction: impact on load dependence of e′ and longitudinal strain rate (2014)

The effect of diastolic dysfunction (DD) on the timing of left ventricular (LV) diastolic longitudinal and circumferential expansion and their load dependence is not known. This study evaluated the timing of the peak early diastolic LV inflow velocity (E), mitral annular velocity (e'), and longitudinal and circumferential global strain rates (SRE) in 161 patients in sinus rhythm. The intraventricular pressure difference (IVPD) from the left atrium to the LV apex was obtained using color M-mode Doppler data to integrate the Euler equation. The diastolic function was graded according to the guidelines. In normals (N = 57), E, e', longitudinal SRE, and circumferential SRE occurred nearly simultaneously during the IVPD. With DD (N = 104), e' and longitudinal SRE were delayed occurring after the IVPD (e': 18 ± 23 msec, longitudinal SRE: 13 ± 21 msec from the IVPD), whereas circumferential SRE (-8 ± 28 msec) and E (-2 ± 13 msec) were not delayed. The normal dependence of e' and longitudinal SRE on IVPD was reduced in DD; while the relation of circumferential SRE and E to IVPD were unchanged in DD. Thus, normally, the LV expands symmetrically during early diastole and both longitudinal and circumferential expansions are related to the IVPD. With DD, early diastolic longitudinal LV expansion is delayed, occurring after the IVPD and LV filling, resulting in their relative independence from the IVPD. In contrast, with DD, circumferential SRE and mitral inflow are not delayed and their normal relation to the IVPD is unchanged.
Clustering of cancer tissues using diffusion maps and fuzzy ART with gene expression data (2008)

Early detection of a tumorpsilas site of origin is particularly important for cancer diagnosis and treatment. The employment of gene expression profiles for different cancer types or subtypes has already shown significant advantages over traditional cancer classification methods. Here, we apply a neural network clustering theory, Fuzzy ART, to generate the division of cancer samples, which is useful in investigating unknown cancer types or subtypes. On the other hand, we use diffusion maps, which interpret the eigenfunctions of Markov matrices as a system of coordinates on the original data set in order to obtain efficient representation of data geometric descriptions, for dimensionality reduction. The curse of dimensionality is a major problem in cancer type recognition-oriented gene expression data analysis due to the overwhelming number of measures of gene expression levels versus the small number of samples. Experimental results on the small round blue-cell tumor (SRBCT) data set, compared with other widely used clustering algorithms, demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method in addressing multidimensional gene expression data.
A 1.2 V, 24 mW/ch, 10 bit, 80 MSample/s Pipelined A/D Converters (2006)

This paper describes 10-bit, 80-MSample/s pipelined A/D converters for wireless-communication terminals. To reduce power consumption, the authors employed the I/Q amplifier sharing technique (Kurose, et al., 2005) in which an amplifier is used for both I and Q channels. In addition, common-source, pseudo-differential (PD) amplifiers are used in all the conversion stages for further power reduction. Common-mode disturbances are removed by the proposed common-mode feedforward (CMFF) technique without using fully differential (FD) amplifiers. The converter was implemented in a 90-nm CMOS technology, and it consumes only 24 mW/ch from a 1.2-V power supply. The measured SNR and SNDR are 58.6 dB and 52.2 dB, respectively
Production of Ethanol from Starch by Co-Immobilized Zymomonas mobilis-Glucoamylase in a Fluidized-Bed Reactor (1998)

The production of ethanol from starch was studied in a fluidized-bed reactor (FBR) using co-immobilized Zymomonas mobilis and glucoamylase. The FBR was a glass column of 2.54 cm in diameter and 120 cm in length. The Z. mobilis and glucoamylase were co-immobilized within small uniform beads (1.2-2.5 mm diameter) of K-carrageenan. The substrate for ethanol production was a soluble starch. Light steep water was used as the complex nutrient source. The experiments were performed at 35°C and pH range of 4.0-5.5. The substrate concentrations ranged from 40 to 185 g/L, and the feed rates from 10 to 37 mL/min. Under relaxed sterility conditions, the FBR was successfully operated for a period of 22 d, during which no contamination or structural failure of the biocatalyst beads was observed. Volumetric productivity as high as 38 g ethanol/(Lh), which was 74% of the maximum expected value, was obtained. Typical ethanol volumetric productivity was in the range of 15-20 g/(Lh). The average yield was 0.49 g ethanol/g substrate consumed, which was 90% of the theoretical yield. Very low levels of glucose were observed in the reactor, indicating that starch hydrolysis was the rate-limiting step.
Kybos: Self-Management for Distributed Brick-Based Storage (2005)

Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is used as plasticizer and is ubiquitously found in the environment. Exposure to DEHP has been linked to an increased incidence of type 2 diabetes. Pancreatic β-cell dysfunction is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes; however, it is unknown whether DEHP exposure contributes to this risk. Here, we aimed to investigate the cytotoxic effects of DEHP on INS-1 cells and to further explore the related underlying mechanisms. INS-1 cells were exposed to 0, 5, 25, 125 or 625 μM DEHP for 24 hrs. Cell viability, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, cellular antioxidant response, Ca(2+) homoeostasis and the levels of genes and proteins involved in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress were measured. The results showed that DEHP decreased insulin secretion and content and induced apoptosis in INS-1 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, ROS generation was increased and Nrf2-dependent antioxidant defence protection was dysregulated in INS-1 cells after DEHP exposure. Most importantly, DEHP effectively depleted ER Ca(2+) and triggered the ER stress response as demonstrated by the elevated transcription and translation of the ER chaperone GRP78 and GRP94, the increased phosphorylation of protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) and its downstream substrate eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α), as well as the increased levels of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP). Taken together, DEHP exerted toxic effects on INS-1 cells by inducing apoptosis, which is dependent on the activation of the PERK-ATF4-CHOP ER stress signalling pathway and the suppression of Nrf2-dependent antioxidant protection.
Compositional dependence of the direct and indirect band gaps in Ge1−ySnyalloys from room temperature photoluminescence: implications for the indirect to direct gap crossover in intrinsic andn-type materials (2014)

abstract: The compositional dependence of the lowest direct and indirect band gaps in Ge[subscript 1ây]Sn[subscript y] alloys has been determined from room-temperature photoluminescence measurements. This technique is particularly attractive for a comparison of the two transitions because distinct features in the spectra can be associated with the direct and indirect gaps. However, detailed modeling of these room temperature spectra is required to extract the band gap values with the high accuracy required to determine the Sn concentration y[subscript c] at which the alloy becomes a direct gap semiconductor. For the direct gap, this is accomplished using a microscopic model that allows the determination of direct gap energies with meV accuracy. For the indirect gap, it is shown that current theoretical models are inadequate to describe the emission properties of systems with close indirect and direct transitions. Accordingly, an ad hoc procedure is used to extract the indirect gap energies from the data. For y &lt; 0.1 the resulting direct gap compositional dependence is given by ÎE[subscript 0] = â(3.57 Â± 0.06)y (in eV). For the indirect gap, the corresponding expression is ÎE[subscript ind] = â(1.64 Â± 0.10)y (in eV). If a quadratic function of composition is used to express the two transition energies over the entire compositional range 0 â¤ y â¤ 1, the quadratic (bowing) coefficients are found to be b[subscript 0] = 2.46 Â± 0.06 eV (for E0) and b[subscript ind] = 1.03 Â± 0.11 eV (for E[subscript ind]). These results imply a crossover concentration y[subscript c] = $0.073 [+0.007 over -0.006], much lower than early theoretical predictions based on the virtual crystal approximation, but in better agreement with predictions based on large atomic supercells.
Chemography:  The Art of Navigating in Chemical Space (2001)

Combinatorial chemistry needs focused molecular diversity applied to the druglike chemical space (drugspace). A drugspace map can be obtained by systematically applying the same conventions when examining the chemical space, in a manner similar to the Mercator convention in geography: Rules are equivalent to dimensions (e.g., longitude and latitude), while structures are equivalent to objects (e.g., cities and countries). Selected rules include size, lipophilicity, polarizability, charge, flexibility, rigidity, and hydrogen bond capacity. For these, extreme values were set, e.g., maximum molecular weight 1500, calculated negative logarithm of the octanol/water partition between -10 and 20, and up to 30 nonterminal rotatable bonds. Only S, N, O, P, and halogens were considered as elements besides C and H. Selected objects include a set of "satellite" structures and a set of representative drugs ("core" structures). Satellites, intentionally placed outside drugspace, have extreme values in one or several of the desired properties, while containing druglike chemical fragments. ChemGPS (chemical global positioning system) is a tool that combines these predefined rules and objects to provide a global drugspace map. The ChemGPS drugspace map coordinates are t-scores extracted via principal component analysis (PCA) from 72 descriptors that evaluate the above-mentioned rules on a total set of 423 satellite and core structures. Global ChemGPS scores describe well the latent structures extracted with PCA for a set of 8599 monocarboxylates, a set of 45 heteroaromatic compounds, and for 87 alpha-amino acids. ChemGPS positions novel structures in drugspace via PCA-score prediction, providing a unique mapping device for the druglike chemical space. ChemGPS scores are comparable across a large number of chemicals and do not change as new structures are predicted, making this tool a well-suited reference system for comparing multiple libraries and for keeping track of previously explored regions of the chemical space.
Field-current phase diagrams of in-plane spin transfer torque memory cells with low effective magnetization storage layers (2014)

Field-current phase diagrams were measured on in-plane anisotropy Co60Fe20B20 magnetic tunnel junctions to obtain the spin transfer torque (STT) field-current switching window. These measurements were used to characterise junctions with varying free layer thicknesses from 2.5 down to 1.1 nm having a reduced effective demagnetizing field due to the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy at CoFeB/MgO interface. Diagrams were obtained with 100 ns current pulses, of either same or alternating polarity. When consecutive pulses have the same polarity, it is possible to realize the STT switching even for conditions having a low switching probability. This was evidenced in diagrams with consecutive pulses of alternating polarity, with 100% switching obtained at 4.7 MA/cm2, compared to the lower 3.4 MA/cm2 value for same polarity pulses. Although the low level of the current density window is higher in alternating polarity diagrams, the field window in both diagrams is the same and therefore independent of the pulse polarity sequence.
Proliferative Effect of Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS)‐Pulsed Macrophages on T Cells from Mice with DSS‐Induced Colitis and Inhibition of Effect by IgG (1997)

The authors have previously reported that homologous immunoglobulin (Ig)G reduces the occurrence of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis, mainly by suppressing recruitment of immunocompetent cells into colitis lesions. However, the mechanisms of cell recruitment and of its suppression by IgG remain unclear. In addressing these questions, this study focused on the activation of T cells in the presence of macrophages. The authors found that [3H]-thymidine uptake of T cells from DSS-induced colitis mice, but not from normal mice, was significantly enhanced when cultured with DSS-pulsed macrophages. From the profile of cytokine production, it was suggested that T helper 1 (Th1)-type cells become predominant during stimulation. Addition of homologous IgG significantly suppressed T cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, while no suppressive effect was observed with heterologous IgG. Mouse IgG F(ab')2, but not Fc, fragments partially mimicked the suppressive effect of whole IgG. These findings provide evidence that Th1-type cells may play an important role in the development of DSS-induced colitis and that homologous IgG exerts its protective action at least in part through the F(ab')2 portion.
Cost-effective 10.7-Gbit/s Long-Haul Transmission using Fiber Bragg Gratings for In-line Dispersion Compensation (2007)

We show the feasibility of more cost-effective long-haul transmission using fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) for in-line dispersion compensation. 32xl0.7-Gbit/s NRZ modulated channels are transmitted over 40x95 km of SSMF using low group delay ripple FBGs.
Risk for Definite Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (1992)

The occurrence of neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) was studied prospectively in two series of consecutive psychiatric in-patients (n = 223). The first group (n = 120) suffered from schizophrenia and was treated only with haloperidol. The second group (n = 103) was treated with diverse neuroleptics. All patients were on a single antipsychotic agent with no anticholinergic drug as prophylaxis. The incidence of full NMS per admission and first neuroleptic exposure was 5/223 (2.2%). Patients with bipolar affective disorder and those treated with injections were significantly over-represented in the NMS group.
Continuous wave operation of a surface-emitting AlGaAs/GaAs multiquantum well distributed Bragg reflector laser (1987)

The first cw operation of an AlGaAs/GaAs distributed Bragg reflector laser was achieved at room temperature with a threshold current as low as 38 mA. Surface emission exceeding 4 mW was obtained with an external differential quantum efficiency of 9% and a beam divergence of 0.17°×10°. A two-dimensional laser array with 3×4 gratings was also fabricated and an output power exceeding 500 mW was obtained under pulsed condition.