gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Light-enhanced liquid-phase exfoliation and current photoswitching in graphene–azobenzene composites (2016)

Multifunctional materials can be engineered by combining multiple chemical components, each conferring a well-defined function to the ensemble. Graphene is at the centre of an ever-growing research effort due to its combination of unique properties. Here we show that the large conformational change associated with the trans-cis photochemical isomerization of alkyl-substituted azobenzenes can be used to improve the efficiency of liquid-phase exfoliation of graphite, with the photochromic molecules acting as dispersion-stabilizing agents. We also demonstrate reversible photo-modulated current in two-terminal devices based on graphene-azobenzene composites. We assign this tuneable electrical characteristics to the intercalation of the azobenzene between adjacent graphene layers and the resulting increase in the interlayer distance on (photo)switching from the linear trans-form to the bulky cis-form of the photochromes. These findings pave the way to the development of new optically controlled memories for light-assisted programming and high-sensitive photosensors.
Laboratory Based Evaluation of Gas Well Deliverability Loss Due to Waterblocking (2000)

Abstract Waterblocking due to invasion of completion fluids has been suspected to reduce gas well deliverability.1–5 However, this effect has not been quantified. We report results of a laboratory program to measure the waterblocking effect in core samples from a gas field. These data were mapped to a wellbore model to make deliverability predictions. The laboratory data consist of gas flow rate as a function of injected gas pore volume for various liquids (brine, methanol, toluene, isopropyl alcohol, and brine-methanol mixtures) at two saturation states (fully saturated with liquid, and containing liquid and trapped gas). We injected over 10 000 PV of gas in each test to mimic near well bore conditions. The data showed that the liquid displacement regime was followed by a mass transfer regime. The wellbore model had a time varying skin to account for the cleanup of the fluid invaded ("waterblocked") region. Clean up occurs as gas flows past this high liquid saturated region and removes liquid by displacement and mass transfer. We used the laboratory data to relate the reduced permeability of this region to pore volumes of gas throughput. We find that any loss in gas well deliverability recovers in two phases. The first phase corresponds to fluid displacement ("flowback period") and lasts for a few days at most. The second phase is slower and can last several months. Here evaporation causes the deliverability to slowly increase. It is in this regime that adding volatile fluids, such as methanol, to the completion brines has advantages.
GTC/CanariCam Mid-IR Polarimetry of Magnetic Fields in Star-Forming Region W51 IRS2 (2023)

We present 0.4 arcsec-resolution imaging polarimetry at 8.7, 10.3, and 12.5 microns, obtained with CanariCam at the Gran Telescopio Canarias, of the central region of W51 IRS2. The polarization, as high as 14 percent, arises from silicate particles aligned by the interstellar magnetic field. We separate, or unfold, the polarization of each sightline into emission and absorption components, from which we infer the morphologies of the corresponding projected magnetic fields that thread the emitting and foreground-absorbing regions. We conclude that the projected magnetic field in the foreground material is part of the larger-scale ambient field. The morphology of the projected magnetic field in the mid-IR emitting region spanning the cometary HII region W51 IRS2W is similar to that in the absorbing region. Elsewhere, the two magnetic fields differ significantly with no clear relationship between them. The magnetic field across the W51 IRS2W cometary core appears to be an integral part of a champagne outflow of gas originating in the core and dominating the energetics there. The bipolar outflow, W51north jet, that appears to originate at or near SMA1/N1 coincides almost exactly with a clearly demarcated north-south swath of lower polarization. While speculative, comparison of mid-IR and submm polarimetry on two different scales may support a picture in which SMA1/N1 plays a major role in the magnetic field structure across W51 IRS2.
Duodenal infusion of &lt;em&gt;Anaerobutyricum soehngenii&lt;/em&gt; ameliorates glycemic control and postprandial GLP-1 responses and alters the transcriptional profile of small intestine in subjects with metabolic syndrome. (2020)

The gut microbiota constitutes an important modulator of metabolic heath and an unbalanced microbiota is increasingly recognized as an important risk factor for metabolic disorders, such as obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Seeking for novel treatments to counteract insulin resistance and metabolic disturbances in obese subjects, we explore whether delivering a protective commensal bacteria (Anaerobutyricum soehngenii L2-7) directly into the small intestine of treatment-na&iuml;ve subjects with metabolic syndrome would ameliorate glucose metabolism (NTR NL6630). We previously identified this butyrate-producing intestinal commensal to be associated with improved insulin sensitivity in metabolic syndrome subjects. Herein, we found that a single-dose of duodenal infusion containing A. soehngenii improved peripheral glucose control and stimulated the secretion of the hormone GLP-1, which is reported to positively act on both insulin secretion and sensitivity. Moreover, by RNA-seq, we found that A. soehngenii-treatment triggered a prominent alteration of the duodenal transcriptome with 73 genes being differentially expressed. Among these, the expression of regenerating islet-protein 1B-encoding gene (REG1B) was the most significantly unregulated by A. soehngenii administration. Strikingly, duodenal REG1B expression negatively correlated with peripheral glucose variability, which was significantly diminished by A. soehngeniiduodenal infusion. Altogether our findings disclose that a single-dose of A. soehngenii is sufficient to greatly impact the duodenal transcriptional profile and ameliorate glucose metabolism in metabolic syndrome individuals, likely through induction of intestinal GLP-1 production. Nonetheless, further studies are needed to delineate the specific pathways involved in induction of REG1B and GLP-1. Notably, duodenal administration of A. soehngenii was also safe and well-tolerated.
Obesity Is Not Associated With an Increased Risk of Serious Infections in Biologic-Treated Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (2021)

After adjusting for comorbid conditions and disease characteristics, obesity is not independently associated with an increased risk of serious infections in biologic-treated patients with IBD.
Development of a multiphoton fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy system using a streak camera (2003)

We report the development and detailed calibration of a multiphoton fluorescence lifetime imaging system (FLIM) using a streak camera. The present system is versatile with high spatial (∼0.2 μm) and temporal (∼50 ps) resolution and allows rapid data acquisition and reliable and reproducible lifetime determinations. The system was calibrated with standard fluorescent dyes and the lifetime values obtained were in very good agreement with values reported in the literature for these dyes. We also demonstrate the applicability of the system to FLIM studies in cellular specimens including stained pollen grains and fibroblast cells expressing green florescent protein. The lifetime values obtained matched well with those reported earlier by other groups for these same specimens. Potential applications of the present system include the measurement of intracellular physiology and fluorescence resonance energy transfer imaging, which are discussed in the context of live cell imaging.
Spatial biases analysis and mitigation methods in SMOS images (2013)

SMOS brightness temperature images show some residual artifacts as a function of spatial directions. Due to having different antenna patterns in each element, even if knowing them perfectly, a minimum reconstruction error inherent to the inversion algorithm exists. On top of that, antenna patterns measurement errors and other effects such as cross-polarization terms, increase the spatial biases. Accurate characterization of these sources of error allows improving the quality of the SMOS images. Good results in this direction are reported.
Development of a Tissue Engineered Human Prostate Tumor Equivalent for Use in the Evaluation of Cryoablative Techniques (2007)

The study of the effectiveness of cryotherapy as a curative treatment for prostate cancer has often relied on the use of either in vitro cell culture monolayers or animal models. While the data gleaned from these studies have been valuable, each model has inherent limitations. In order to bridge the gap between in vitro studies and clinical applications, we developed a 3-dimensional, tissue engineered human prostate cancer model to simulate and assess the effects of cryotherapy and adjunctive treatments on cell viability and activation of cell death pathways throughout the thermally variable freeze zone. Human prostate cancer cells (PC3) were seeded into collagen based matrices and cryolesions were generated using an Oncura SeedNet Gold cryosurgical device with 17-gauge cryoprobes. Analyses revealed widespread necrosis diminishing towards the edge of the freeze zone, and a time-dependent wave of apoptosis starting as early as 1 hr post-thaw at low temperatures (< -40 degrees C) and moving toward the periphery (-20 degrees C) as recovery times reached 12 and 24 hr. Distal to the -10 degrees C isotherm, minimal cell death was apparent (< 20%) over controls. The adjunctive use of chemotherapeutic agents in conjunction with cryosurgery displayed a similar induction of cell death cascades, but with the zone of cryodestruction extending approximately 10 to 15 degrees C further into the freeze zone periphery. By providing an extracellular environment and a matrix to minimize innate variables, the tissue engineered model yielded a more in vivo-like, tumor-like environment supportive of a deeper understanding of the specific biological responses of cancer cells/tumors to cryotherapeutic intervention.
Randomized, controlled trial of immediate versus delayed goal-directed ultrasound to identify the cause of nontraumatic hypotension in emergency department patients* (2004)

Incorporation of a goal-directed ultrasound protocol in the evaluation of nontraumatic, symptomatic, undifferentiated hypotension in adult patients results in fewer viable diagnostic etiologies and a more accurate physician impression of final diagnosis.
The Mycobacterium tuberculosis DosR Regulon Assists in Metabolic Homeostasis and Enables Rapid Recovery from Nonrespiring Dormancy (2009)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis survives in latently infected individuals, likely in a nonreplicating or dormancy-like state. The M. tuberculosis DosR regulon is a genetic program induced by conditions that inhibit aerobic respiration and prevent bacillus replication. In this study, we used a mutant incapable of DosR regulon induction to investigate the contribution of this regulon to bacterial metabolism during anaerobic dormancy. Our results confirm that the DosR regulon is essential for M. tuberculosis survival during anaerobic dormancy and demonstrate that it is required for metabolic processes that occur upon entry into and throughout the dormant state. Specifically, we showed that regulon mechanisms shift metabolism away from aerobic respiration in the face of dwindling oxygen availability and are required for maintaining energy levels and redox balance as the culture becomes anaerobic. We also demonstrated that the DosR regulon is crucial for rapid resumption of growth once M. tuberculosis exits an anaerobic or nitric oxide-induced nonrespiring state. In summary, the DosR regulon encodes novel metabolic mechanisms essential for M. tuberculosis to survive in the absence of respiration and to successfully transition rapidly between respiring and nonrespiring conditions without loss of viability.
Longitudinal Characterisation of the Gastrointestinal Tract Microbiome in Systemic Sclerosis (2020)

This study is the first to have longitudinally characterised the lower GIT microbiome in SSc patients and demonstrated relative stability of genera abundance over the course of 1 year. The findings provide additional evidence that specific genera are associated with SSc-GIT symptoms and warrant further evaluation in larger SSc studies.
Crystal structure of Aquifex aeolicus gene product Aq 1627: a putative phosphoglucosamine mutase reveals a unique C-terminal end-to-end disulfide linkage (2017)

The Aq1627 gene from Aquifex aeolicus, a hyperthermophilic bacterium has been cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli. The protein was purified to homogeneity and its X-ray crystal structure was determined to 1.3 Å resolution using multiple wavelength anomalous dispersion phasing. The structural and sequence analysis of Aq1627 is suggestive of a putative phosphoglucosamine mutase. The structural features of Aq1627 further indicate that it could belong to a new subclass of the phosphoglucosamine mutase family. Aq1627 structure contains a unique C-terminal end-to-end disulfide bond, which links two monomers and this structural information can be used in protein engineering to make proteins more stable in different applications.
Serotypes of Streptococcus agalactiae cultured from dairy milk samples in Québec. (2003)

Streptococcus agalactiae remains an important pathogen of dairy herds in Québec, but data about antigenic characteristics of this microorganism are sparse. This study was conducted to determine the variety of S. agalactiae serotypes in dairy herds in Québec. Two hundred and ninety-five isolates cultured from the milk of individual cows from 7 regions of Québec were serotyped. Sixty-two percent of the isolates were untypable. Among the 38% of typeable isolates, serotype III was found most frequently. In conclusion, the heterogeneity found among antigenic determinants of isolates from bovine milk suggests that an immunological method for the detection of S. agalactiae performed directly on bovine milk would not be a practical approach.
Transitions and scaling laws for electronegative discharge models (2000)

The equilibrium of electronegative discharges is studied in the plane-parallel approximation over a wide range of pressures and electron densities, encompassing a number of regimes that have previously been modeled analytically. The transitions between the various regimes (models) have been determined in the input parameter space. It is shown that for a given feedstock gas, these transitions can be found in terms of the two input parameters p p and ne 0 p , where pis the pressure, ne 0the electron density, and p the system half-length. Here ne 0is used as a convenient input related to the power, and the conversion from electron power to ne 0is given. The input parameter space is partitioned by whether ion flux to the wall or positive-negative ion recombination is the dominant positive ion loss mechanism. For each of the principal regimes, scaling laws are developed for the most important plasma parameters in terms of the input parameters.
Geometric Control of Inkjet printing features using ethylene glycol and diethylene glycol in ZnO nanoparticules ink (2010)

International audience
Blistering and exfoliation of hydrogen and helium implanted (100) GaAs (2003)

Blistering and exfoliation of hydrogen and helium implanted GaAs was studied. The influence of the dose and implantation temperature on the formation of microcracks during implantation and their evolution at subsequent annealings were investigated. Layer splitting instead of blistering of helium implanted GaAs was demonstrated.
Memory cost vs. coding efficiency trade-offs for HEVC motion estimation engine (2012)

This paper presents a comparison between various High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) motion estimation configurations in terms of coding efficiency and memory cost in hardware. An HEVC motion estimation hardware model that is suitable to implement HEVC reference software (HM) search algorithm is created and memory area and data bandwidth requirements are calculated based on this model. 11 different motion estimation configurations are considered. Supporting smaller block sizes is shown to impose significant memory cost in hardware although the coding gain achieved through supporting them is relatively smaller. Hence, depending on target encoder specifications, the decision can be made not to support certain block sizes. Specifically, supporting only 64x64, 32x32 and 16x16 block sizes provide 3.2X on-chip memory area, 26X on-chip bandwidth and 12.5X off-chip bandwidth savings at the expense of 12% bit-rate increase when compared to the anchor configuration supporting all block sizes.
Transforming technical lignins to structurally defined star-copolymers under ambient conditions (2019)

Combining fractionation with organocatalyzed ring-opening polymerization towards structurally defined lignin copolymers.
Complexity-constrained best-basis wavelet packet algorithm for image compression (1998)

The concept of adapted waveform analysis using a best-basis selection out of a predefined library of wavelet packet (WP) bases allows an efficient image representation for the purpose of compression. Image coding methods based on the best-basis WP representation have shown significant coding gains for some image classes compared with methods using a fixed dyadic structured wavelet basis, at the expense however, of considerably higher computational complexity. A modification of the best-basis method, the so-called complexity constrained best-basis algorithm (CCBB), is proposed which parameterises the complexity gap between the fast (standard) wavelet transform and the best wavelet packet basis of a maximal WP library. This new approach allows a ‘suboptimal’ best basis to be found with respect to a given budget of computational complexity or, in other words, it offers an instrument to control the trade-off between compression speed and coding efficiency. Experimental results are presented for image coding applications showing a highly nonlinear relationship between the rate-distortion (RD) performance and the computational complexity in such a way that a relatively small increase in complexity with respect to the standard wavelet basis results in a relatively high RD gain.
Microstrip Fed Planar Frequency-Multiplying Space Combiner (1987)

A frequency-multiplying power combining array has been made of slots in the ground plane on a substrate with a microstrip feed line on the backside. The second harmonic generated byadiode in each slot is combined in free space. A design procedure and experimental results are presented.
Benefit of Lunar Regolith on Reflector Mass Savings (2007)

The 2004 NASA Vision for Space Exploration calls for the return of mankind to the moon by no later than 2020, in preparation for an adventure to Mars and beyond. An envisioned lunar outpost will provide living quarters for initially 5– 10 astronauts for up to 2 weeks, and latter for science experiments, and recovery of mineral and indigenous resources for the day‐to‐day operation and production of propellant. These activities would require electrical and thermal powers in the order of 10’s – 100’s of kilowatts 24/7. Potential power options include photovoltaic, requiring massive batteries or fuel cells for energy storage during the long nights on the moon, and nuclear reactor power systems, which are much more compact and operate independent of the sun. This paper examines the benefit of using the lunar regolith as a supplemental neutron reflector on decreasing the launch mass of the Sectored Compact Reactor (SCoRe‐S), developed at the Institute for Space and Nuclear Power Studies. In addition to providing at least $2.00 of hot‐clean excess reactivity at the beginning of life, various SCoRe‐S concepts investigated in this paper are at least $1.00 sub‐critical when shutdown, and when the bare reactor cores are submerged in wet sand and flooded with seawater, following a launch abort accident. Design calculations performed using MCNP5 confirmed that using lunar regolith as supplementary reflector reduces the launch mass of the SCoRe‐S cores by ∼ 34% – 35%, or 150 – 200 kg, while satisfying the above reactivity requirements.
Biomarker Profiling by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy for the Prediction of All-Cause Mortality: An Observational Study of 17,345 Persons (2014)

Biomarker associations with cardiovascular, nonvascular, and cancer mortality suggest novel systemic connectivities across seemingly disparate morbidities. The biomarker profiling improved prediction of the short-term risk of death from all causes above established risk factors. Further investigations are needed to clarify the biological mechanisms and the utility of these biomarkers for guiding screening and prevention.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 5,7‐DIHYDROXY‐8‐CINNAMOYL‐4‐PHENYLDIHYDROCOUMARINS (1984)

Abstract Nach dem im Formelschema skizzierten Weg werden die aus Pityrogramma trifoliata isolierten Dihydroneoflavonderivate (IVa)‐(IVc) ausgehend von Phloracetophenon (I) synthetisiert.
Use of Large Combinatorial Chemical Libraries for Anticancer Drug Discovery (1995)

A new technology for drug discovery (Selectide technology) has been developed which greatly extends the capability for rapid molecular and cellular screening to large libraries containing millions of chemically synthesized compounds. Using a split synthesis approach to condensation chemistry, we recognized that each individual compound of potential interest is located on a different solid phase resin bead. Screening for binding activity on the bead surface: In order to screen for biological activity, we used several cleavable linkers which could release a portion of the compound from each bead into the solution phase in each of two sequential steps. For libraries comprised of peptides, there is sufficient residual peptide on each bead to permit sequence determination via Edman degradation. For non-peptide libraries, a system of peptide encoding is used on each bead so that the structure of the non-peptide compound can be determined by decoding the information conveyed by the peptide (which can be sequenced). We have applied this technology to various areas of drug discovery including a major interest in the development of anticancer drugs. Molecular targets under evaluation include cell surface monoclonal immunoglobulin on B-cell lymphomas, the epidermal growth factor receptor, and the HER2-neu receptor. Solution phase screening with releasable libraries is being used to evaluate anti-tumor activity using a battery of human tumor cell lines. Based on data obtained thus far, we believe that the Selectide technology has the potential for discovering novel new anticancer drugs.
Excited state dynamics of NaF:Cu+ (1984)

We have previously used one- and two-photon spectroscopy to characterize the vibronic structures observed for NaF:Cu+ in the excited states of the d 9s configuration. We were able to resolve the zero-phonon lines and a progression of the first three or four quanta of the t1u vibration (involving the off-center motion of Cu+). In the present work we model the line positions and intensities with a mixed quadratic–quartic spherical potential. The spherical potential along with a perturbative treatment of the crystal field describes the members of the 1T2g state progression well. We also semiquantitatively treat the Jahn–Teller effect, operative in the 1Eg state only. The fits indicate the existence of a radial barrier in the potential for the off-center motion of Cu+ in the 1T2g and the 1Eg states of approximate magnitude 1.9 and 73 cm−1, respectively. We also find that the Cu+ ion moves preferentially toward the fluorines rather than between them in the 1T2g state. The derived potential energy surfaces are discussed in terms of the dynamical mixing of the excited 4s and 4p orbitals of Cu+.