gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Surfactants: Additives to Improve the Performance Properties of Cements (1993)

ABSTRACT* The primary focus of this paper is on the use of surface active agents (surfactants) to modify the properties of Portland cements for well cementing operations. Surfactants, as abroad class of compounds, have been largely ignored as additives to improve the performance of cements for well applications. Use of surface active agents in cements is primarily within two main functions – retarding agents and dispersing agents. The surface active agents currently used for these two functions do not provide the benefits that other types of surfactants can provide. The types of surfactants discussed here are distinctly different in functional groups, physical characteristics (molecular weights), solution properties and effect on cement properties than presently used surface active agents. The potential widespread benefit from the use of these materials in cement formulations can be seen. Some of the benefits which can be realized by incorporating the types of surfactants studied in this work are: (1) improved interfacial sealing between cement and pipe, (2) less shrinkage of the cement during setting and hardening, (3) savings on cement materials and (4) improved cement properties at lower cost.
Modeling and Characterization of Program / Erasure Speed and Retention of TiN-gate MANOS (Si-Oxide-SiNx-Al2O3-Metal Gate) Cells for NAND Flash Memory (2007)

In this study, physical properties of different trapping nitrides were extracted, and the program efficiency of MANOS cell was explained. We also showed shallow traps were generated at trapping nitride by etching damage, and this could be cured resulting great improvement of cell performance. Lastly, erasure mechanism of TiN-gate MANOS cell was discussed with some experimental and modeling results.
Pd-Catalyzed Synthesis of Phenols and Aromatic Ethers from Aryl Halides (2006)

While a broad number of Pd-catalyzed carbon-heteroatom bond formation reactions are known up to date, this is the first report for a direct preparation of phenols from aryl halides and OH- as a nucleophile. This method allows an easy conversion of various aryl and hetero­aryl chlorides and bromides into the corresponding phenols in high yields. Very good functional-group compatibility is observed, despite the highly basic conditions. The prepared phenols can be converted in situ into alkylaryl ethers, using the same Pd catalyst and the corresponding alkyl halide. The method allows also an easy preparation of substituted benzofuranes.
Solid-Phase Directed Ortho-Lithiation and the Preparation of a Phthalide Library (2001)

An efficient solid-phase synthesis of phthalides is described in which aromatic carboxylic acids or acid chlorides and ketones are used as building blocks. The carboxylic acid or acid chloride is tethered to aminomethylated polystyrene resin, forming a secondary amide, which functions as both the linker and the directing metalation group. This allows the resin-bound benzamides to be ortho-lithiated at 0 degrees C. The ortho-lithiated species can be quenched with benzaldehydes, benzophenones, and even acetophenones, affording resin-bound alcohols. A cyclative cleavage is induced by simply warming the resin in toluene or dioxane, yielding the desired phthalide compounds in exceptionally high purity.
A genome-wide meta-analysis of association studies of Cloninger's Temperament Scales (2012)

Temperament has a strongly heritable component, yet multiple independent genome-wide studies have failed to identify significant genetic associations. We have assembled the largest sample to date of persons with genome-wide genotype data, who have been assessed with Cloninger's Temperament and Character Inventory. Sum scores for novelty seeking, harm avoidance, reward dependence and persistence have been measured in over 11,000 persons collected in four different cohorts. Our study had >80% power to identify genome-wide significant loci (P<1.25 × 10(-8), with correction for testing four scales) accounting for ≥0.4% of the phenotypic variance in temperament scales. Using meta-analysis techniques, gene-based tests and pathway analysis we have tested over 1.2 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for association to each of the four temperament dimensions. We did not discover any SNPs, genes, or pathways to be significantly related to the four temperament dimensions, after correcting for multiple testing. Less than 1% of the variability in any temperament dimension appears to be accounted for by a risk score derived from the SNPs showing strongest association to the temperament dimensions. Elucidation of genetic loci significantly influencing temperament and personality will require potentially very large samples, and/or a more refined phenotype. Item response theory methodology may be a way to incorporate data from cohorts assessed with multiple personality instruments, and might be a method by which a large sample of a more refined phenotype could be acquired.
Quantum random walks circuits with photonic waveguides (2010)

Arrays of 21 evanescently coupled waveguides are fabricated to implement quantum random walks and a generalised form of two-photon non-classical interference, which observed via two photon correlation.
mTORC2 Activity Disrupts Lysosome Acidification in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus by Impairing Caspase-1 Cleavage of Rab39a (2018)

Lysosomes maintain immune homeostasis through the degradation of phagocytosed apoptotic debris; however, the signaling events regulating lysosomal maturation remain undefined. In this study, we show that lysosome acidification, key to the maturation process, relies on mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2), activation of caspase-1, and cleavage of Rab39a. Mechanistically, the localization of cofilin to the phagosome recruits caspase-11, which results in the localized activation of caspase-1. Caspase-1 subsequently cleaves Rab39a on the phagosomal membrane, promoting lysosome acidification. Although caspase-1 is critical for lysosome acidification, its activation is independent of inflammasomes and cell death mediated by apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain, revealing a role beyond pyroptosis. In lupus-prone murine macrophages, chronic mTORC2 activity decouples the signaling pathway, leaving Rab39a intact. As a result, the lysosome does not acidify, and degradation is impaired, thereby heightening the burden of immune complexes that activate FcγRI and sustain mTORC2 activity. This feedforward loop promotes chronic immune activation, leading to multiple lupus-associated pathologies. In summary, these findings identify the key molecules in a previously unappreciated signaling pathway that promote lysosome acidification. It also shows that this pathway is disrupted in systemic lupus erythematosus.
Elective Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Without On-Site Cardiac Surgery (2006)

Similar clinical outcomes were achieved at a community hospital without on-site cardiac surgery but at significantly increased direct medical cost. Patients, providers, hospitals, payers, and policymakers should consider whether the benefits associated with locally provided specialized cardiovascular services warrant this additional cost.
Molecular Disease Eradication is a Prerequisite for Long-term Remission in Patients with t(8;21) Positive Acute Myeloid Leukemia: a Single Center Study (2004)

Association of long-term clinical remission and molecular disease-eradication is well established in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients with t(15;17) and inv(16). In patients with t(8;21) positive AML no consensus exists over the disappearance of the AML1/ETO fusion transcript during the course of disease and most studies reported reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) positivity as a common finding after consolidation chemotherapy, autologous and allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT). In our single center study, we performed RT-PCR monitoring in 14 patients with t(8;21) in CR1 (n = 13) and/or CR2 (n = 4). The median number of bone marrow (BM) and/or peripheral blood (PB) samples per patient was 18 (range, 2-43). In 5 out of 6 cases relapse occurred after persistence of minimal residual disease (MRD) in CR for 4-14 months. The sixth patient relapsed despite molecular remission (MR) in BM and PB for 3 months, molecular relapse preceded hematological relapse for 7 months. Eleven patients with a median follow-up of 7.8 (range, 1.5-15.4) years are in persistent CR and MR after consolidation chemotherapy (n = 7). mainly with repetitive cycles of high-dose Ara-C, autologous (n = 1) or myeloablative allogeneic (n = 3) stem cell transplantation. Molecular remission was attained immediately after alloSCT, but after 6-26 months in CR in patients with consolidation chemotherapy. In 7 patients, MRD was only studied in long-term remission. In conclusion, long-term CR was associated with persistent molecular disease-eradication. In our patients, molecular remission was a prerequisite but not a guarantee for long-term disease-free survival. Hematological relapse never occurred without prior molecular relapse. Due to the slow kinetics of AML1/ETO after consolidation chemotherapy the value of qualitative RT-PCR to predict early relapse is limited. In this situation quantitative RT-PCR might help to define individual relapse risk and to improve as well as facilitate clinical decision-making.
A theory and implementation of sequential hardware equivalence (1992)

A theory of sequential hardware equivalence is presented. This theory includes the notions of gate-level model (GLM), hardware finite state machine (HFSM), quotient machine, state equivalence ( approximately ), alignability, resetability, essential resetability, isomorphism, and sequential hardware equivalence. The theory is motivated by (1) the observation that it is impossible to control the initial state of a machine when it is powered on and (2) the desire to decide equivalence of two designs based solely on their netlists and logic device models, without knowledge of intended initial states or intended environments. Algorithms based upon a binary decision diagram (BDD) implementation of predicate calculus over Boolean domains are presented. This calculus is employed to calculate properties of hardware designs. Experimental results based upon these algorithms as implemented in the MCC sequential equivalence tool (SET) are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Quality Assessment of CoaguChek Point-of-Care Prothrombin Time Monitors: Comparison of the European Community-Approved Procedure and Conventional External Quality Assessment (2006)

The results validate the use of the European Action on Anticoagulation rapid single-instrument QA-specific procedure for CoaguChek users compared with the nonspecific conventional QA analysis that relies on deviation from the overall median INR.
The Y-box-binding Protein, YB1, Is a Potential Negative Regulator of the p53 Tumor Suppressor (2003)

The p53 tumor suppressor plays a major role in preventing tumor development by transactivating genes to remove or repair potentially tumorigenic cells. Here we show that the Y-box-binding protein, YB1, acts as a negative regulator of p53. Using reporter assays we show that YB1 represses transcription of the p53 promoter in a sequence-specific manner. We also show that YB1 reduces endogenous levels of p53, which in turn reduces p53 activity. Conversely, inhibiting YB1 in a variety of tumor cell lines induces p53 activity, resulting in significant apoptosis via a p53-dependent pathway. These data suggest that YB1 may, in some situations, protect cells from p53-mediated apoptosis, indicating that YB1 may be a good target for the development of new therapeutics.
Supplementary Material and Methods from CD40 Agonist Targeted to Fibroblast Activation Protein α Synergizes with Radiotherapy in Murine HPV-Positive Head and Neck Tumors (2023)

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Growth hormone stimulates drug-induced porphyrin formation in liver cells maintained in a serum-free medium. (1981)

Human growth hormone and a few other related polypeptide hormones enhanced porphyrin formation induced by 2-allyl-2-isopropylacetamide in chick embryo liver cells maintained in a serum-free medium. The stimulatory effect of human growth hormone on drug-induced porphyrin formation was significant at 10 ng/ml and increased in a dose-dependent manner. Human growth hormone did not stimulate porphyrin formation in otherwise untreated cultures. These findings thus demonstrate a potentiating effect of growth hormones on hepatic porphyrin formation.
How a moving passive observer can perceive its environment ? The Unruh effect revisited (2019)

We consider a point-like observer that moves in a medium illuminated by noise sources with Lorentz-invariant spectrum. We show that the autocorrelation function of the signal recorded by the observer allows it to perceive its environment. More precisely, we consider an observer with constant acceleration (along a Rindler trajectory) and we exploit the recent work on the emergence of the Green's function from the cross correlation of signals transmitted by noise sources. First we recover the result that the signal recorded by the observer has a constant Wigner transform, i.e. a constant local spectrum, when the medium is homogeneous (this is the classical analogue of the Unruh effect). We complete that result by showing that the Rindler trajectory is the only straight-line trajectory that satisfies this property. We also show that, in the presence of an obstacle in the form of an infinite perfect mirror, the Wigner transform is perturbed when the observer comes into the neighborhood of the obstacle. The perturbation makes it possible for the observer to determine its position relative to the obstacle once the entire trajectory has been traversed.
Construção e Validação de Tapete de Pressão de Baixo Custo para Interação Humano-Computador (2020)

Diferentes tipos de sensores e tecnologias vêm sendo explorados para permitir a Interação Humano-Computador. A busca por sensores que permitam uma interação natural, sem necessidade de conexões afixadas ao corpo, ou de aprendizagem de comandos específicos é crescente. Nesse contexto, este trabalho apresenta uma tecnologia de aquisição de entrada para sistemas computacionais através da pressão, mais especificamente sensores de pressão em forma de tapetes. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar o desenvolvimento e a validação do protótipo de um sistema de monitoramento de pressão capaz de provar conceitualmente uma alternativa de baixo custo de tapete de sensores de uso genérico como ferramenta de entrada para soluções interativas. Para atingir o objetivo de baixo custo, foi desenvolvido um tapete sensor de pressão utilizando uma matriz de Velostat, material de resistência variável conforme aplicação de pressão. A leitura do sensor foi realizada por meio de uma placa de desenvolvimento de Arduino Mega e envia os dados via Bluetooth em tempo real. Foram realizados testes de resistência dos sensores e testes do sistema direto no Arduino e com o sistema completo. Foi avaliada a resposta dos sensores, incluindo a sensibilidade do sensor por meio de aumento gradual da carga aplicada. O protótipo desenvolvido mostrou-se ser uma alternativa interessante e de baixo custo para aplicações interativas por meio da pressão dos pés.
GaN–AlGaN heterostructure field-effect transistors over bulk GaN substrates (2000)

We report on AlGaN/GaN heterostructures and heterostructure field-effect transistors (HFETs) fabricated on high-pressure-grown bulk GaN substrates. The 2d electron gas channel exhibits excellent electronic properties with room-temperature electron Hall mobility as high as μ=1650 cm2/V s combined with a very large electron sheet density ns≈1.4×1013 cm−2. The HFET devices demonstrated better linearity of transconductance and low gate leakage, especially at elevated temperatures. We also present the comparative study of high-current AlGaN/GaN HFETs (nsμ&amp;gt;2×1016 V−1 s−1) grown on bulk GaN, sapphire, and SiC substrates under the same conditions. We demonstrate that in the high-power regime, the self-heating effects, and not a dislocation density, is the dominant factor determining the device behavior.
MR Imaging Findings of Hypertrophic Olivary Degeneration (1997)

PURPOSE: To describe the magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings of hypertrophic olivary degeneration (HOD). MATERIALS AND METHODS: MR images of seven patients with HOD were retrospectively reviewed. Two were women and five were men, and they were aged between 48 and 65 (mean 58) years. Imaging examinations were performed with a 1.5-T unit, and the findings were used to evaluate the size and signal intensity of olivary lesions. The time interval from hemorrhagic ictus to MR imaging was between two and 30 months. Follow-up examinations were performed in two patients. RESULTS: All four patients with hemorrhages involving the central tegmental tract in the pons or midbrain showed ipsilateral HOD. Among these four, bilateral HOD was seen in one patient with hemorrhage involving the bilateral central tegmental tract, and in another with tegmental hemorrhage extending to the ipsilateral superior cerebellar peduncle. One patient with cerebellar hemorrhage involving the dentate nucleus had contralateral HOD. Two patients with multiple hemorrhages involving both the pons and cerebellum showed bilateral HOD. Axial MR images showed mild enlargement of the involved olivary nucleus, with high signal intensity on both proton density and T2 weighted images. There was no apparent enhancement on postcontrast T1-weighted images. CONCLUSION: MR imaging can clearly distinguish secondary olivary degeneration from underlying pathology involving the central tegmental tract in the pons or midbrain and cerebellum. These olivary abnormalities should not, however, be mistaken for primary medullary lesions.
Trennungsstrategien in der organischen Synthese: von der Planung zur Praxis (1998)

Ein lästiges Thema! Die Trennung. Die am Ende einer jeden Reaktion in aller Regel erforderliche Trennung ist eine bei Synthesechemikern höchst ungeliebte, als technische Angelegenheit abklassifizierte Prozedur. Aber die Notwendigkeit, schnell und preiswert reine Produkte herzustellen, macht es erforderlich, neue Trenn- und Reinigungstechniken einzuführen. Erstaunlicherweise sind die modernen Konzepte und Methoden zur Kombination von Synthese und Trennung in Aufarbeitungstechniken verwurzelt, die so alt sind wie die Synthese selbst.
A digital microfluidic system for serological immunoassays in remote settings (2018)

Portable digital microfluidic serological immunoassays for measles and rubella were developed and evaluated in a remote setting.
Chiral DNA packaging in DNA‐cationic liposome assemblies (1999)

Recent studies have indicated that the structural features of DNA-lipid assemblies, dictated by the lipid composition and cationic lipid-to-DNA ratio, critically affect the efficiency of these complexes in acting as vehicles for cellular delivery of genetic material. Using circular dichroism we find that upon binding DNA, positively-charged liposomes induce a secondary conformational transition of the DNA molecules from the native B form to the C motif. Liposomes composed of positively-charged and neutral 'helper' lipids, found to be particularly effective as transfecting agents, induce - in addition to secondary conformational changes - DNA condensation into a left-handed cholesteric-like phase. A structural model is presented according to which two distinct, yet inter-related modes of DNA packaging coexist within such assemblies. The results underline the notion that subtle changes in the components of a supramolecular assembly may substantially modulate the interplay of interactions which dictate its structure and functional properties.
Non-Linearity in Wide Dynamic Range CMOS Image Sensors Utilizing a Partial Charge Transfer Technique (2009)

The partial charge transfer technique can expand the dynamic range of a CMOS image sensor by synthesizing two types of signal, namely the long and short accumulation time signals. However the short accumulation time signal obtained from partial transfer operation suffers of non-linearity with respect to the incident light. In this paper, an analysis of the non-linearity in partial charge transfer technique has been carried, and the relationship between dynamic range and the non-linearity is studied. The results show that the non-linearity is caused by two factors, namely the current diffusion, which has an exponential relation with the potential barrier, and the initial condition of photodiodes in which it shows that the error in the high illumination region increases as the ratio of the long to the short accumulation time raises. Moreover, the increment of the saturation level of photodiodes also increases the error in the high illumination region.
SARS-CoV-2 leverages airway epithelial protective mechanism for viral infection (2023)

Despite much concerted effort to better understand severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral infection, relatively little is known about the dynamics of early viral entry and infection in the airway. Here we analyzed a single-cell RNA sequencing dataset of early SARS-CoV-2 infection in a humanized <i>in vitro</i> model, to elucidate key mechanisms by which the virus triggers a cell-systems-level response in the bronchial epithelium. We find that SARS-CoV-2 virus preferentially enters the tissue via ciliated cell precursors, giving rise to a population of infected mature ciliated cells, which signal to basal cells, inducing further rapid differentiation. This feedforward loop of infection is mitigated by further cell-cell communication, before interferon signaling begins at three days post-infection. These findings suggest hijacking by the virus of potentially beneficial tissue repair mechanisms, possibly exacerbating the outcome. This work both elucidates the interplay between barrier tissues and viral infections and may suggest alternative therapeutic approaches targeting non-immune response mechanisms.
ChemInform Abstract: Photoelectron Spectrum, Ionization Potential, and Heat of Formation of CCl2. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.