gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Trust-aware optimal crowdsourcing with budget constraint (2015)

Crowdsourcing has been extensively used for aggregating data from a large pool of workers. In a real crowdsourcing market, each answer obtained from a worker incurs cost. The cost is associated with both the level of trustworthiness of workers and the difficulty of tasks. Typically, access to expert-level (more trustworthy) workers is more expensive than to average crowd and completion of a challenging task is more costly than a click-away question. In this paper, we address the problem of optimal assignment of heterogeneous tasks to workers of varying trust levels with budget constraint. Specifically, we design a trust-aware task allocation algorithm that takes as inputs the estimated trust of workers and pre-set budget, and outputs the optimal assignment of tasks to workers. We derive the bound of total error probability that relates to budget, trustworthiness of crowds, and costs of obtaining labels from crowds naturally. Higher budget, more trustworthy crowds, and less costly jobs result in lower theoretical bound. Our allocation scheme does not depend on the specific design of the trust evaluation component. Therefore, it can be combined with generic trust evaluation algorithms. Our algorithm outperforms state-of-the-art by up to 30% on real data.
Persistent Luminescence Strontium Aluminate Nanoparticles as Reporters in Lateral Flow Assays (2014)

Demand for highly sensitive, robust diagnostics and environmental monitoring methods has led to extensive research in improving reporter technologies. Inorganic phosphorescent materials exhibiting persistent luminescence are commonly found in electroluminescent displays and glowing paints but are not widely used as reporters in diagnostic assays. Persistent luminescence nanoparticles (PLNPs) offer advantages over conventional photoluminescent probes, including the potential for enhanced sensitivity by collecting time-resolved measurements or images with decreased background autofluorescence while eliminating the need for expensive optical hardware, superior resistance to photobleaching, amenability to quantitation, and facile bioconjugation schemes. We isolated rare-earth doped strontium aluminate PLNPs from larger-particle commercial materials by wet milling and differential sedimentation and water-stabilized the particles by silica encapsulation using a modified Stöber process. Surface treatment with aldehyde silane followed by reductive amination with heterobifunctional amine-poly(ethylene glycol)-carboxyl allowed covalent attachment of proteins to the particles using standard carbodiimide chemistry. NeutrAvidin PLNPs were used in lateral flow assays (LFAs) with biotinylated lysozyme as a model analyte in buffer and monoclonal anti-lysozyme HyHEL-5 antibodies at the test line. Preliminary experiments revealed a limit of detection below 100 pg/mL using the NeutrAvidin PLNPs, which was approximately an order of magnitude more sensitive than colloidal gold.
The design and implementation of the machine protection system for the Fermilab electron cooling facility (2009)

The Fermilab Recycler ring employs an electron cooler to store and cool 8.9-GeV antiprotons. The cooler is based on a 4.3-MV, 0.1-A, DC electrostatic accelerator for which current losses have to remain low ({approx}10{sup -5}) in order to operate reliably. The Machine Protection System (MPS) has been designed to interrupt the beam in a matter of 1-2 {micro}s when losses higher than a safe limit are detected, either in the accelerator itself or in the beam lines. This paper highlights the various diagnostics, electronics and logic that the MPS relies upon to successfully ensure that no damage be sustained to the cooler or the Recycler ring.
Rheology of High Internal Phase Emulsions (2006)

The mechanical dispersion technology used in this study employs rotor-stator mixers that produce water-continuous high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) with narrow drop size distributions and small drop sizes, even when the internal phase (oil) viscosity is quite high. Analysis of these HIPEs reveals trends that are consistent with formation by a capillary instability mechanism in which a shear deformation produces highly elongated drops that rupture to form uniform, small droplets. In the search for a predictive tool to aid in the manufacture and use of HIPEs, rheology data for these shear-thinning HIPEs have been compared to data for models in the literature. Existing models do not correctly account for the effect of a high internal phase viscosity on the rheological properties of the HIPE. Another shortcoming is failure to correctly address the shear-thinning exponent. Whereas internal phase viscosity does not seem to affect the shear-thinning exponent, the surfactant apparently plays an important role, possibly through its modification of the interfacial tension and continuous phase rheology.
The iron-transporter FhuA is the receptor of the MccJ25 antibacterial peptide at the bacterial membrane (2004)

Microcins are gene-encoded antimicrobial peptides secreted by Enterobacteriaceae. Microcin J25 (MccJ25) is a unique 21-residue lasso-type peptide presenting a side chain to backbone cyclization between Glu8 and the N-terminus. The embedded ring is threaded by the C-terminal tail of the molecule, thus forming a noose-like feature. The highly potent activity and narrow spectrum of activity of MccJ25 (CMI ranging from 1 to 600 nM against enterobacterial strains) argue for a receptor-mediated mechanism of action. In early studies, bacteria resistant to MccJ25 were reported to display mutations in the multifunctional outer membrane protein FhuA, the high-affinity transporter of iron-ferrichrome and the receptor for phages T5, T1 and phi80. In this study, we have demonstrated by size-exclusion chromatography that MccJ25 binds directly to FhuA. This interaction was shown to prevent binding of phage T5 to its receptor and subsequently inhibit the ejection of the phage DNA which normally occurs upon binding of the phage to FhuA. We compared MccJ25 to the thermolysin-cleaved variant t-MccJ25 in which the 8-18 beta-hairpin region is disrupted. From our results, thermolysin cleavage both results in a 100 fold dropped antibacterial activity of the peptide and induces a loss of interaction between MccJ25 and FhuA. Therefore we propose that FhuA is the receptor of MccJ25 at the bacterial outer membrane and that the interaction implicates the 8 to 18 residues
Protective Effect of OK‐432 (a Streptococcal Preparation) on Experimental Candidiasis (1979)

Candida albicans is known to be one of the major causative agents of opportunistic infection. It is well known that patients with candidiasis often possess underlying diseases and immunodeficient or -suppressive conditions Recently antifungal agents have been widely used for the treatment of this fungal infection. However, antifungal chemotherapy alone often fails to eradicate the microorganisms and most antifungal chemotherapeutics are not feasible for long-term administration because of their toxicity. In a search for immunopotentiative agents against candida infection, OK-432 (a streptococcal preparation, Picibanil) which had been developed as an anticancer agent by Okamoto et al ( Detailed studies on OK-432 have already revealed that this agent stimulates host defense mechanisms in terms of activation of macrophages However, there is no report on the therapeutic effect of OK-432 against fungal infection. This paper describes the effect of OK-432 treatment on the stimulation of host defense mechanisms against candida infection.
Performance evaluation of distributed data delivery on mobile devices using WebRTC (2015)

Direct peer-to-peer connectivity between web browsers is becoming reality with the emerging and constantly developing WebRTC technology stack. This opens possibilities for new kind of plugin-free web applications, such as browser-to-browser file transfers and multi-party conferencing. In this paper, the performance of WebRTC on mobile devices is evaluated with different mobile device, wireless network connectivity and web browser configurations. The evaluation was conducted with a WebRTC test environment that was implemented based on PeerJS JavaScript library and PeerServer signaling server. The measurements include session establishment delay and overhead, session maintenance overhead, resource consumption of multiple simultaneous file transfers and efficiency of different file transfer approaches. Based on the results, the delay for establishing a WebRTC connection may in the worst cases exceed even 10 seconds making it a serious bottleneck. However, from the standpoints of memory consumption and CPU load, high-end mobile devices are very capable of running multiple simultaneous WebRTC connections for data transfers. The results of this paper provide new insight to researchers, application and browser developers and WebRTC standardization bodies.
Comparison of epinephrine with vasopressin on bone marrow blood flow in an animal model of hypovolemic shock and subsequent cardiac arrest (2001)

Bone blood flow responds actively to both the physiologic stress response of hemorrhagic shock and vasopressors given during resuscitation after hypovolemic cardiac arrest. In this regard, bone marrow blood flow after successful resuscitation was nearly absent after high-dose epinephrine but was maintained after high-dose vasopressin. These findings emphasize the need for pressurized intraosseous infusion techniques, because bone marrow blood flow may not be predictable during hemorrhagic shock and drug therapy.
Interobserver Agreement for the Standardized Reporting System PSMA-RADS 1.0 on 18F-DCFPyL PET/CT Imaging (2018)

Recently, the standardized reporting and data system for prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted PET imaging studies, termed PSMA-RADS version 1.0, was introduced. We aimed to determine the interobserver agreement for applying PSMA-RADS to imaging interpretation of <sup>18</sup>F-DCFPyL (2-(3-{1-carboxy-5-[(6-<sup>18</sup>F-fluoro-pyridine-3-carbonyl)-amino]-pentyl}-ureido)-pentanedioic acid) PET examinations in a prospective setting mimicking the typical clinical workflow at a prostate cancer referral center. <b>Methods:</b> Four readers (2 experienced readers (ERs, >3 y of PSMA-targeted PET interpretation experience) and 2 inexperienced readers (IRs, <1 y of experience)), who had all read the initial publication on PSMA-RADS 1.0, assessed 50 <sup>18</sup>F-DCFPyL PET/CT studies independently. Per scan, a maximum of 5 target lesions was selected by the observers, and a PSMA-RADS score for every target lesion was recorded. No specific preexisting conditions were placed on the selection of the target lesions, although PSMA-RADS 1.0 suggests that readers focus on the most avid or largest lesions. An overall scan impression based on PSMA-RADS was indicated, and interobserver agreement rates on a target lesion-based, on an organ-based, and on an overall PSMA-RADS score-based level were computed. <b>Results:</b> The number of target lesions identified by each observer was as follows: ER 1, 123; ER 2, 134; IR 1, 123; and IR 2, 120. Among those selected target lesions, 125 were chosen by at least 2 individual observers (all 4 readers selected the same target lesion in 58 of 125 [46.4%] instances, 3 readers in 40 of 125 [32%], and 2 observers in 27 of 125 [21.6%]). The interobserver agreement for PSMA-RADS scoring among identical target lesions was good (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] for 4, 3, and 2 identical target lesions, ≥0.60, respectively). For lymph nodes, an excellent interobserver agreement was derived (ICC, 0.79). The interobserver agreement for an overall scan impression based on PSMA-RADS was also excellent (ICC, 0.84), with a significant difference for ER (ICC, 0.97) vs. IR (ICC, 0.74) (<i>P</i> = 0.005). <b>Conclusion:</b> PSMA-RADS demonstrated a high concordance rate in this study, even among readers with different levels of experience. This finding suggests that PSMA-RADS can be effectively used for communication with clinicians and can be implemented in the collection of data for large prospective trials.
Functional Glycomics and the Future of Glycomic Drugs (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Glycoprotein Therapeutics Glycans as Therapeutics Glycans as Targets for Therapeutics and Vaccines Summary Acknowledgment References
Understanding and minimizing ac losses in CORC cables of YBCO superconducting tapes (2023)

AC losses in conductor-on-rounded-core (CORC) cables of YBCO high-temperature superconducting (HTS) tapes are a significant challenge in HTS power applications. This study employs two finite element analysis (FEA) models to investigate the contributions from different AC loss components and provide approaches for reducing AC losses in cables. An FEA model based on T-A formula treats the cross-section of thin superconducting layers as 1D lines and, therefore, only can predict the AC loss generated by the perpendicular magnetic field. In contrast, the model based on H-formulation can be performed on the actual 2D rectangular cross-section HTS tapes to provide the total AC losses generated by magnetic fluxes penetrating from both the edges and surfaces of HTS tapes, although this model requires more computing time and memory. Both 1D and 2D simulation approaches were employed to offer a comprehensive understanding of the effects of cable design and operational parameters on the AC loss components in a 2-layer CORC cable. The research results given in this paper are therefore not only valuable to suggest strategies for reducing AC loss in multi-layer cables but also for developing more accurate and effective methods to calculate AC loss in CORC HTS cables.
The Effects of Silica Nanoparticles in Toughened Epoxy Resins and Fiber-Reinforced Composites (2015)

You have accessThe Effects of Silica Nanoparticles in Toughened Epoxy Resins and Fiber-Reinforced Composites (Print-on-Demand)Dec 2015The Effects of Silica Nanoparticles in Toughened Epoxy Resins and Fiber-Reinforced CompositesStephan SprengerStephan Sprengerhttps://doi.org/10.3139/9781569906286.fmSectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to FavoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsCopy LTI LinkPDF key 'share (en)' returned an object instead of string.FacebookTwitterEmailLinkedIn next chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2015Pages: 1-7Print ISBN: 978-1-56990-627-9eISBN: 978-1-56990-628-6 Copyright & Permissions© 2016 Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KGPDF downloadLoading ...
Discovery of a Potent Stapled Helix Peptide That Binds to the 70N Domain of Replication Protein A (2014)

Stapled helix peptides can serve as useful tools for inhibiting protein-protein interactions but can be difficult to optimize for affinity. Here we describe the discovery and optimization of a stapled helix peptide that binds to the N-terminal domain of the 70 kDa subunit of replication protein A (RPA70N). In addition to applying traditional optimization strategies, we employed a novel approach for efficiently designing peptides containing unnatural amino acids. We discovered hot spots in the target protein using a fragment-based screen, identified the amino acid that binds to the hot spot, and selected an unnatural amino acid to incorporate, based on the structure-activity relationships of small molecules that bind to this site. The resulting stapled helix peptide potently and selectively binds to RPA70N, does not disrupt ssDNA binding, and penetrates cells. This peptide may serve as a probe to explore the therapeutic potential of RPA70N inhibition in cancer.
Integrating Proteomic and Functional Genomic Technologies in Discovery-driven Translational Breast Cancer Research (2003)

The application of state-of-the-art proteomics and functional genomics technologies to the study of cancer is rapidly shifting toward the analysis of clinically relevant samples derived from patients, as the ultimate aim of translational research is to bring basic discoveries closer to the bedside. Here we describe the essence of a long-term initiative undertaken by The Danish Centre for Translational Breast Cancer Research and currently underway for cancer biomarker discovery using fresh tissue biopsies and bio-fluids. The Centre is a virtual hub that brings together scientists working in various areas of basic cancer research such as cell cycle control, invasion and micro-environmental alterations, apoptosis, cell signaling, and immunology, with clinicians (oncologists, surgeons), pathologists, and epidemiologists, with the aim of understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying breast cancer progression and ultimately of improving patient survival and quality of life. The unifying concept behind our approach is the use of various experimental paradigms for the prospective analysis of clinically relevant samples obtained from the same patient, along with the systematic integration of the biological and clinical data.
Sulfur Shuffle:  Modulating Enzymatic Activity by Thiol-Disulfide Interchange (2000)

The facile modulation of biological processes is an important goal of biological chemists. Here, a general strategy is presented for controlling the catalytic activity of an enzyme. This strategy is demonstrated with ribonuclease A (RNase A), which catalyzes the cleavage of RNA. The side-chain amino group of Lys41 donates a hydrogen bond to a nonbridging oxygen in the transition state for RNA cleavage. Replacing Lys41 with a cysteine residue is known to decrease the value of k(cat)/K(m) by 10(5)-fold. Forming a mixed disulfide between the side chain of Cys41 of K41C RNase A and cysteamine replaces the amino group and increases k(cat)/K(m) by 10(3)-fold. This enzyme, which contains a mixed disulfide, is readily deactivated by dithiothreitol. Forming a mixed disulfide between the side chain of Cys41 and mercaptopropyl phosphate, which is designed to place a phosphoryl group in the active site, decreases activity by an additional 25-fold. This enzyme, which also contains a mixed disulfide, is reactivated in the presence of dithiothreitol and inorganic phosphate (which displaces the pendant phosphoryl group from the active site). An analogous control mechanism could be installed into the active site of virtually any enzyme by replacing an essential residue with a cysteine and elaborating the side chain of that cysteine into appropriate mixed disulfides.
Ruthenium(II)-polypyridine cage complexes: luminescence and photochemical properties (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRuthenium(II)-polypyridine cage complexes: luminescence and photochemical propertiesLuisa. De Cola, Francesco. Barigelletti, Vincenzo. Balzani, Peter. Belser, Alex. Von Zelewsky, Fritz. Voegtle, Frank. Ebmeyer, and Smaragda. GrammenudiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 21, 7210–7212Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00229a044https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00229a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views426Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Unconstrained Shoulder Arthroplasty for Treatment of Proximal Humeral Nonunions (2013)

IndicationsContraindicationsPitfalls & Challenges.
What does an embryo need? (2003)

This review argues that the question "What does an embryo need?" cannot be adequately answered in quantitative terms to allow the formulation of media for culturing early mammalian embryos. It can be shown experimentally that "needs" in terms of the nutrients an embryo chooses to consume, and their rates of consumption, vary widely, as they are determined by the concentration of the nutrients under consideration and other constituents in the culture medium. Similarly, it is impossible to define "needs" from knowledge of the kinetic properties of nutrient transport systems. Measurements of nutrient consumption, are, however, valuable in determining overall metabolic activity and the balance between oxidative and glycolytic metabolism, in demonstrating qualitative requirements for specific nutrients and in providing markers of normality or abnormality against which to devise methods for diagnosing embryo health. On the basis of these and other considerations, a strategy is proposed for the formulation of embryo culture media that promotes metabolism that is "quiet" rather than "active", reduces the concentrations of nutrients to match those in the Fallopian tube, selects the "quietest" embryos for transfer, and trusts the autonomy of the embryo.
Efficient direct 2,2,2-trifluoroethylation of indoles via C–H functionalization (2015)

A novel highly C3 selective metal free trifluoroethylation of indoles using 2,2,2-trifuoroethyl(mesityl)-iodonium triflate was developed. The methodology enables the introduction of a trifluoroethyl group in a fast and efficient reaction under mild conditions with high functional group tolerance. Beyond the synthetic developments, quantum chemical calculations provide a deeper understanding of the transformation.
The Role and Impact of Microseismic Monitoring in Hydraulic Fracture Stimulation (2015)

Hydraulic fracture stimulation has been key to the successful development of unconventional resources in North America. The experience gained there is now being applied in the development of unconventional resources around the world, where there can be many similarities to those in North America but each has a unique geology, stress regime and own set of challenges. The interaction of hydraulically induced fractures with the complex reservoir and overburden, which often contain fine layering and natural fractures, is not always well understood. To improve this understanding a range of different technologies may be applied. Microseismic monitoring of hydraulic stimulation plays a leading role in the measurement and subsequent interpretation of hydraulically induced fracture systems. The basic output of microseismic monitoring provides azimuth, dimension and stimulated rock volume estimates of the hydraulically induced fracture system. Recent advances in technology including multi-well monitoring, surface monitoring, processing techniques, and multidiscipline integration are enabling microseismic monitoring to provide greater insight into the processes and results of hydraulic fracture stimulation. Real time capabilities open a host of interpretation possibilities allowing for modification of the hydraulic fracture simulation plan. Microseismic interpretation must be coupled to data quality, ensuring measurable confidence in results. The failure mechanism of the rock can be revealed through moment tensor inversion enhancing the understanding of hydraulic fracture interaction with the reservoir. New insights into optimizing field development can be achieved using integrated interpretation workflows merging seismic, reservoir engineering, geomechanics, and microseismic. This presentation illustrates different aspects of the microseismic workflow ranging from acquisition to processing to interpretation with examples highlighting the impact microseismic measurements have on building an understanding of the reservoir.