gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development and Optimization of a Small-Displacement Spark-Ignition Direct-Injection Engine - Stratified Operation (2004)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Superior fuel economy was achieved for a small-displacement spark-ignition direct-injection (SIDI) engine by optimizing the stratified combustion operation. The optimization was performed using computational analyses and subsequently testing the most promising configurations experimentally. The fuel economy savings are achieved by the use of a multihole injector with novel spray shape, which allows ultra-lean stratification for a wide range of part-load operating conditions without compromising smoke and hydrocarbon emissions. In this regard, a key challenge for wall-controlled SIDI engines is the minimization of wall wetting to prevent smoke, which may require advanced injection timings, while at the same time minimizing hydrocarbon emissions, which may require retarding injection and thereby preventing over-mixing of the fuel vapor. These conflicting requirements are heightened in a small-displacement engine, which has short path lengths between the injector and piston and is therefore prone to increased wall wetting. However, a side-injection system also requires sufficient spray penetration to reliably transport fuel to the centrally mounted spark plug at suitable injection timings. The multihole injector can simultaneously satisfy these different requirements because of enhanced vaporization, resulting in a shortened liquid length. This is attributable to increased air entrainment available because the spray does not collapse under elevated cylinder pressures typical of late injection. The piston bowl was optimized with respect to bowl depth and bowl volume to ensure sufficient mixing and air utilization at higher part-loads, minimization of wall wetting, and containment of the fuel-air mixture at light loads. The use of a variable swirl-control valve allows the air-motion to be optimized depending on the condition. It was found that the multihole injector configuration requires higher swirl compared to a fan-type injector. The combination of in-cylinder swirl, a suitable piston bowl shape and multi-hole injectors made it possible to obtain stable stratified combustion throughout a wide operating range with reduced NOX emissions under a large EGR rate.&lt;/div&gt;
An innovative current-limiting device for automotive micro-hybrid starter motors (2012)

This paper deals with the consequences of the new context of specifications on the boardnet voltage of road vehicles, that appeared with the implementation of stop-start architectures, which are helpful to reduce emissions and pollution. Some countermeasures to the voltage issue are examined, that try to limit the effect of the great level of inrush current, that characterizes the 12-V starter motors. In response to this problem, a new device is proposed, that avoids introducing too many drawbacks at the same time, and occurs to be a magnetic low pass filter. It is analyzed in time domain, in frequency domain, and test results finally show how efficient it is, regarding the function of selective current limiter it has to ensure. Comparison to calculation results confirms that a predictive process is valid, which makes optimization possible.
scDD: A statistical approach for identifying differential distributions in single-cell RNA-seq experiments (2015)

Abstract The ability to quantify cellular heterogeneity is a major advantage of single-cell technologies. Although understanding such heterogeneity is of primary interest in a number of studies, for convenience, statistical methods often treat cellular heterogeneity as a nuisance factor. We present a novel method to characterize differences in expression in the presence of distinct expression states within and among biological conditions. Using simulated and case study data, we demonstrate that the modeling framework is able to detect differential expression patterns of interest under a wide range of settings. Compared to existing approaches, scDD has higher power to detect subtle differences in gene expression distributions that are more complex than a mean shift, and is able to characterize those differences. The freely available R package scDD implements the approach.
Rapid Determination of Antimicrobial Susceptibility by Stimulated Raman Scattering Imaging of D2O Metabolic Incorporation in a Single Bacterium (2020)

Rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) is urgently needed for treating infections with appropriate antibiotics and slowing down the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Here, a phenotypic platform that rapidly produces AST results by femtosecond stimulated Raman scattering imaging of deuterium oxide (D<sub>2</sub>O) metabolism is reported. Metabolic incorporation of D<sub>2</sub>O into biomass in a single bacterium and the metabolic response to antibiotics are probed in as short as 10 min after culture in 70% D<sub>2</sub>O medium, the fastest among current technologies. Single-cell metabolism inactivation concentration (SC-MIC) is obtained in less than 2.5 h from colony to results. The SC-MIC results of 37 sets of bacterial isolate samples, which include 8 major bacterial species and 14 different antibiotics often encountered in clinic, are validated by standard minimal inhibitory concentration blindly measured via broth microdilution. Toward clinical translation, stimulated Raman scattering imaging of D<sub>2</sub>O metabolic incorporation and SC-MIC determination after 1 h antibiotic treatment and 30 min mixture of D<sub>2</sub>O and antibiotics incubation of bacteria in urine or whole blood is demonstrated.
Device-Enhanced Password Protocols with Optimal Online-Offline Protection. (2015)

We introduce a setting that we call Device-Enhanced PAKE (DE-PAKE), where PAKE (password-authenticated key exchange) protocols are strengthened against online and offline attacks through the use of an auxiliary device that aids the user in the authentication process. We build such schemes and show that their security, properly formalized, achieves maximal-attainable resistance to online and offline attacks in both PKI and PKI-free settings. In particular, an online attacker must guess the user’s password and also control the user’s auxiliary device to authenticate, while an attacker who corrupts the server cannot learn the users ’ passwords via an offline dictionary attack. Notably, our solutions do not require secure channels, and nothing (in an information-theoretic sense) is learned about the password by the device (or a malicious software running on the device) or over the device-client channel, even without any external protection of this channel. An attacker taking over the device still requires a full online attack to impersonate the user. Importantly, our DE-PAKE scheme can be deployed at the user end without the need to modify the server and without the server having to be aware that the user is using a DE-PAKE scheme. In particular, the schemes can work with standard servers running the usual password-over-TLS authentication. 1
Program Racjonalnej Terapii Przeciwgrzybiczej „WYLECZ!” (2021)

Epidemiologia inwazyjnej choroby grzybiczej (IFD) dowodzi rosnącego udziału szczepów opornych, dotyczącego wszystkich klas leków. Odpowiedź na leczenie zależy od wielu czynników, z których część jest modyfikowalna. Takim czynnikiem jest stosowanie zasad racjonalnej terapii przeciwgrzybiczej (zasady zarządzania środkami przeciwgrzybiczymi, AFS). Jest to strategia wprowadzona analogicznie do procesu stosowania zasad racjonalnej terapii przeciwdrobnoustrojowej (zarządzania środkami przeciwdrobnoustrojowymi, AMS). AFS w kontekście ogólnych AMS wyrażone jest w praktyce stosowaniem czynników, określonych jako 6D: diagnosis, debridement/drainage, drug, dose, deescalation, duration. Koncepcja zwracania uwagi na racjonalność działań i unikanie błędów występujących w codziennej praktyce klinicznej ma już swoją historię w medycynie, z początkiem w Stanach Zjednoczonych w 2012 roku w postaci kampanii „Choosing Wisely” („Wybierz mądrze”). Pomimo rozwoju możliwości profilaktyki, diagnostyki i terapii, problem inwazyjnych zakażeń grzybiczych utrzymuje się od wielu lat. W maju 2021 roku, podczas X Zjazdu Polskiego Towarzystwa Onkologii i Hematologii Dziecięcej (PTOHD), pod patronatem PTOHD został ogłoszony Program Racjonalnej Terapii Przeciwgrzybiczej. Cztery główne cele programu to: racjonalne stosowanie leków przeciwgrzybiczych, ograniczenie rosnącej oporności grzybów na leki przeciwgrzybicze, unikanie błędów występujących w praktyce klinicznej oraz edukacja personelu medycznego, pacjentów i rodzin. Koncepcja Programu Racjonalnej Terapii Przeciwgrzybiczej jest oparta na 6 zasadach określonych akronimem WYLECZ!: właściwe rozpoznanie, wyczyszczenie chorego miejsca, lek, efektywna dawka, czas trwania leczenia, zakończenie i podsumowanie terapii.
Chemosensitization of gemcitabine‐resistant human bladder cancer cell line both in vitro and in vivo using antisense oligonucleotide targeting the anti‐apoptotic gene, clusterin (2009)

These findings suggest that sCLU-2 plays a significant role in the acquisition of chemoresistant phenotype in bladder cancer cells and the knockdown of sCLU-2 using OGX-011 combined with a chemotherapeutic agent could be an attractive approach for advanced bladder cancer through the enhancement of chemosensitivity.
Pollution, Stochasticity, and Spatial Heterogeneity in the Dynamics of an Age-Structured Population of Brown Trout Living in a River Network (2008)

Abstract Present assessment of potential impacts of pollution on natural populations mainly calls upon the extrapolation of exposure experiments performed on small groups of individuals (bioassays). But toxicological perturbations of the environment occur in complex landscapes, so the development of pertinent ecotoxicological decision-making tools requires taking into account the spatial dimension. That is to say, both the spatial heterogeneity of the environmental contamination and the spatial dynamics of exposed populations must be taken into account. Such a change of scale is a necessary step because refuge or “action at distance” processes in spatially fragmented populations can emerge (Sherratt and Jepson, 1993; Spromberg et al., 1998), because some areas or patches of the habitat could be key locations for the endangered population (Chaumot et al., 2003a) or because migratory and spatial behaviors could be disturbed by the presence of a toxin (Woodward et al., 1995; Hansen et al., 1999). That is why Caswell (1996) underlines the importance of integrating the spatial dimension into ecotoxicological population models. Therefore, focus on a larger spatial scale is required in order to study toxic effects on population dynamics. Spatial modeling in a metapopulation approach is a way to address this issue. From an ecotoxicological point of view, it is also necessary to use age-structured models because fish, like many other species, exhibit age-dependent sensitivity to toxicants (Sorensen, 1984; Buhl and Hamilton, 1991).
Scalable Visualization Toolkits for Brains to Bays (2000)

Author(s): Olson, Arthur J.; Pailthorpe, B. A.; Toga, A. W.; Wunsch, C. I.; Genetti, J. D.; Nadeau, D. R.; Sanner, M. F.; Bajaj, C.; Bordes, N.; De Castro, A. G.; Charles, R. D.; Moreland, J. L.; Omelchenko, A.; Shamir, A.; Parks, S.; Zhang, X.; Hamann, Bernd; Takanashi, Ikuko; Thompson, P. M.; Baden, S. B.; Stammer, D.; Saltz, J. H.; Meyer, Joerg
Dopamine-1 and Dopamine-2 Mechanisms in the Control of Renal Function (1990)

Dopamine (DA), a catecholamine produced in the kidney, is a renal vasodilator and natriuretic substance, but its action at dopamine-1 (DA-1), dopamine-2 (DA-2) and alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors limits its effectiveness as a heuristic tool and pharmacologic agent. We have studied the effects of highly selective DA-1 and DA-2 receptor agonists and antagonists in normal human subjects and experimental animals to determine the precise physiological role of renal dopamine at DA-1 and DA-2 receptors within the kidney. We studied fenoldopam, a selective DA-1 agonist, in normal human subjects in metabolic balances at high (300 mEq/day) and low (10 mEq/day) sodium (Na) intake. Selective DA-1 receptor stimulation during high Na intake resulted in renal vasodilation, natriuresis and diuresis in a sustained manner for 3 hours. The natriuresis was mediated by a reduction in Na reabsorption at both proximal and distal tubular sites. In contrast, during low Na intake, DA-1 receptor stimulation did not engender a natriuretic or diuretic response. Thus, sodium depletion may inhibit the function of renal tubular cells in response to DA-1 stimulation. DA-1 receptors are present in the medial layer of the renal vasculature, proximal tubule and cortical collecting duct; DA-2 receptors are localized to the glomerulus, the renal nerves surrounding renal blood vessels and possibly the renal vascular endothelium. We have performed studies in conscious dogs with indwelling renal arterial catheters to identify the physiological role of renal DA to DA-1 and DA-2 receptors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Supplementary Figures 1-4 from Tasquinimod Is an Allosteric Modulator of HDAC4 Survival Signaling within the Compromised Cancer Microenvironment (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 1.2MB, Supplemental Figure 1. TasQ does not inhibit total HDAC enzymatic activity in HUVEC, LNCaP, or CWR22-Rv1 cells. Supplemental Figure 2. A. HDAC4 m-RNA expression in normal vs. metastatic prostate cancer tissues. B.Cytoplasmic vs. nuclear expression of HDAC4, beta-actin, and H3-histone protein in normal (i.e., PrEC) vs. prostate cancer cell lines. Supplemental Figure 3. A. Recombinant human HDAC4 in which the C669 and H675 in the ZRD are mutated to alanine preventing formation of the active conformation retains high affinity binding for TasQ as determined by surface plasmon resonance. B. A series of specific and non-specific HDAC4 shRNA lentiviral constructs were tested for their ability to down regulate HDAC4 in LNCaP cells. C. HDAC4 shRNA2 knock-down LNCaP cells are also non-tumorigenic in mice. D. Histology 56 days post inoculation of HDAC4 shRNA2 knock-down LNCaP cells. E. Histology 56 days post inoculation of shRNA2 knock down LNCaP cells which have had restoration of HDAC4 expression (i.e., arrows denote mitotic cells). Supplemental figure 4. TasQ inhibits the LDH-A protein expression under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. B. TasQ inhibits HIF-1 dependent transcription induced by hypoxia&lt;/p&gt;
Sex‐specific characteristics of cardiac function, geometry, and mass in young adult elite athletes (2006)

PURPOSE: To study young adult elite athletes with age‐ and sex‐matched sedentary controls to assess sex‐specific differences for left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes and mass as well as for LV contraction and relaxation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 23 male athletes (mean age 25±4 years, training 22±7 h/week in rowing, swimming, or triathlon) and 20 female athletes (mean age 24±4 years, training 19±5 h/week in rowing, swimming, or triathlon) and age‐ and sex‐matched sedentary controls (21 males/17 females) underwent cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging (1.5 T). Cardiac phase contrast imaging using a black‐blood k‐space segmented gradient echo sequence was used for analysis of cardiac contraction and relaxation and steady‐state free‐precession cine images were acquired for determination of cardiac volumes and mass. RESULTS: Male and female athletes showed similar increases in LV and RV volume and mass indices when compared with controls (ranging between 15% and 42%). No sex‐specific differences in training effect on LV and RV volumes, mass indices, and ejection fractions, as well as LV to RV ratios of these volume and mass indices (parameters of balanced LV and RV dilatation and hypertrophy) were observed (all P for interaction &gt;0.05). Similarly, no sex‐specific differences in training effect on cardiac contraction and relaxation were found (all P for interaction &gt;0.05). CONCLUSION: Young adult elite athletes do not show sex‐specific adaptive structural and functional changes to exercise training in accordance with the benign nature of the hypertrophy associated with athlete's heart.
Bi-Anisotropy of Optical Metamagnetics Studied with Spectroscopic Ellipsometry (2010)

Sub-wavelength gratings of paired Ag strips are measured and analyzed using spectroscopic ellipsometry, and show significant angular dependence of the electric and magnetic resonance properties, along with evidence of bi-anisotropy.
ChemInform Abstract: MULTIPLE METAL‐CARBON BONDS. 13. PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MONOCYCLOPENTADIENYL MONONEOPENTYLIDENE COMPLEXES OF NIOBIUM AND TANTALUM INCLUDING THE FIRST DETAILS OF AN α‐ABSTRACTION PROCESS (1979)

Abstract Die Ta‐Neopentylkomplexe (I) reagieren mit Tl‐cyclopentadienid oder Li‐pentamethylcyclopentadienid zu den Komplexen (II) ((IIb) nur spektroskopisch nachweisbar), von denen sich verschiedene unter Abgabe von Neopentan zu den pseudotetraedrischen Elektronenmangelverbindungen (III) zersetzen.
Unique heating curves generated by radiofrequency electric-field interactions with semi-aqueous solutions (2017)

Aqueous and nanoparticle-based solutions have been reported to heat when exposed to an alternating radiofrequency (RF) electric-field. Although the theoretical models have been developed to accurately model such a behavior given the solution composition as well as the geometrical constraints of the sample holder, these models have not been investigated across a wide-range of solutions where the dielectric properties differ, especially with regard to the real permittivity. In this work, we investigate the RF heating properties of non-aqueous solutions composed of ethanol, propylene glycol, and glycine betaine with and without varying amounts of NaCl and LiCl. This allowed us to modulate the real permittivity across the range 25-132, as well as the imaginary permittivity across the range 37-177. Our results are in excellent agreement with the previously developed theoretical models. We have shown that different materials generate unique RF heating curves that differ from the standard aqueous heating curves. The theoretical model previously described is robust and accounts for the RF heating behavior of materials with a variety of dielectric properties, which may provide applications in non-invasive RF cancer hyperthermia.
Photochemical vapor deposition of amorphous silica films using disilane and perfluorosilanes: Defect structures and deposition mechanism (1988)

Amorphous silicon dioxide films were deposited from oxygen, disilane (Si2H6), and perfluorosilanes (Si2F6 or SiF4) by photochemical vapor deposition using a deuterium lamp at a substrate temperature of as low as 200 °C. It was found that by mixing Si2F6, defects such as H and OH in the films were effectively removed with an enhancement in the growth rate and a slight doping of fluorine into the films, while SiF4 had no effect except a little doping of fluorine. The generation and extinction of defects including H, OH, and SiSi were investigated quantitatively by measuring infrared spectra and vacuum ultraviolet absorptions at the optical band edge. The model on the deposition process was proposed that photodissociated F-containing radicals eliminate H and activate the growing surface, resulting in enhancing the deposition rate.
Towards the Development and Characterization of an Easy Handling Sheet-Like Biohybrid Bone Substitute (2015)

We designed a sheet-like bone substitute capable of adapting to different geometries and becoming a standard tissue-engineered process for bone surgery. Preosteoblastic cells were seeded on to a monolayer of calcium phosphate granules and cultured in a flat parallelepipedic cell culture chamber for 1 month. From the various diameters of the granules examined, the 80-200 μm group exhibited the most homogeneous performances regarding both biological (cell morphology, viability, differentiation, and simple metabolic activity) and mechanical (cohesion and stress-strain behavior) properties. This sheet was easy to handle after extraction from the culture chamber and showed versatile geometry and flexibility, making it easy to use for surgeons, especially for small defects of the maxillofacial area.
Transistors with chemically synthesized layered semiconductor WS2 exhibiting 105 room temperature modulation and ambipolar behavior (2012)

We report the realization of field-effect transistors (FETs) made with chemically synthesized multilayer crystal semiconductor WS2. The Schottky-barrier FETs demonstrate ambipolar behavior and a high (∼105×) on/off current ratio at room temperature with current saturation. The behavior is attributed to the presence of an energy bandgap in the ultrathin layered semiconductor crystal material. The FETs also show clear photo response to visible light. The promising electronic and optical characteristics of the devices combined with the chemical synthesis, and flexibility of layered semiconductor crystals such as WS2 make them attractive for future electronic and optical devices.
Acid Evaporation of Ultima Gold™ AB Liquid Scintillation Cocktail Residue (2011)

Prior analyses of samples from the F/H Lab solutions showed the presence of diisopropylnapthalene (DIN), a major component of Ultima Gold{trademark} AB liquid scintillation cocktail (LSC). These solutions are processed through H-Canyon Tank 10.5 and ultimately through the 17.8E evaporator. Similar solutions originated in SRNL streams sent to the same H Canyon tanks. This study examined whether the presence of these organics poses a process-significant hazard for the evaporator. Evaporation and calorimetry testing of surrogate samples containing 2000 ppm of Ultima Gold{trademark} AB LSC in 8 M nitric acid have been completed. These experiments showed that although reactions between nitric acid and the organic components do occur, they do not appear to pose a significant hazard for runaway reactions or generation of energetic compounds in canyon evaporators. The amount of off-gas generated was relatively modest and appeared to be well within the venting capacity of the H-Canyon evaporators. A significant fraction of the organic components likely survives the evaporation process primarily as non-volatile components that are not expected to represent any new process concerns during downstream operations such as neutralization. Laboratory Waste solutions containing minor amounts of DIN can be safely received, stored, transferred, and processed through the canyon waste evaporator.
Defining the future of multi-gigabit mmWave wireless communications (2010)

The widespread availability and use of digital multimedia content has created a need for multi-gigabit wireless connectivity that current commercial standards cannot support. This has driven demand for a single standard that can support advanced applications such as wireless display and docking, as well as more established usages such as network access..
Supplementary Figure 3 from Combined EGFR/MEK Inhibition Prevents the Emergence of Resistance in <i>EGFR</i>-Mutant Lung Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S3. Biochemical analysis of WZ4002 + trametinib (W+T) resistant and sensitive cell lines. Each cell line was treated with 100 nM WZ4002 (W) or 30 nM trametinib (T) or a combination (C) thereof for 8 hours and total or phospho-EGFR, ERK1/2, AKT and S6 were assessed by western blot. Sensitivity to six week W+T treatment is indicated below the image. Hsp90 was used as a loading control.&lt;/p&gt;
Serum and Cerebrospinal Fluid Autoantibodies in Patients with Neuropsychiatric Lupus Erythematosus. Implications for Diagnosis and Pathogenesis (2008)

In NPSLE, autoantibodies in serum do not reflect their behaviour in CSF. All autoantibodies were elevated in septic meningitis reflecting the global penetration of serum antibodies into the CSF in this condition. Anti-NMDAR antibodies in CSF identified patients with central NPSLE; their continued presence in CSF 6 months after neurologic symptoms raise questions regarding the conditions under which they are pathogenic.