gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photoelectrolysis of water at high current density: Use of ultraviolet laser excitation (1977)

The behavior of TiO2 and SrTiO3 photoanodes in cells for the photoelectrolysis of H2O has been investigated for high-intensity 351 364-nm excitation from an Ar ion laser. Intensities up to 380 W/cm2 have been used. For TiO2 a small amount of surface decomposition is found after irradiation at high intensity, whereas SrTiO3 undergoes no detectable changes. Current-voltage properties for both electrodes are essentially independent of light intensity up to the level of 380 W/cm2, and there is little if any change in quantum efficiency for electron flow. Photocurrent densities have been shown to exceed 5 A/cm2 for O2 evolution. Data show that the energy storage rate associated with the SrTiO3 photoelectrolysis can exceed 30 W/cm2; this represents the highest demonstrated rate of sustained optical to chemical energy conversion.
Plug-and-play fiber to waveguide connector (2019)

The mass production and commercialization of integrated photonics have been slowed down by the high cost of packaging its optical interfaces. We show a plug-and-play connector between a fiber and a nanophotonic waveguide consisting of a 3D polymer structure with a fiber entrance port that simultaneously achieves mechanical and optical passive alignment with tolerance beyond ±10 μm to the fiber input position. We take advantage of a mechanical and optical co-design, analogous to commercial fiber-to-fiber connectors. We fabricate the plug-and-play couplers using 3D nanoprinting directly on foundry fabricated diffraction grating couplers. We measure an average of only 0.05 dB excess coupling loss between a single mode fiber and a high confinement silicon waveguide in addition to the inherent grating coupler loss. Our coupling platform offers a passive plug-and-play solution for scalable integrated photonics fiber-chip packaging.
Connected Indoor Lighting Based Applications in a Building IoT Ecosystem (2019)

Indoor lighting and buildings play a pivotal role in reducing the energy footprint of cities, and in their transformation into digital, smart environments. Connected indoor lighting systems in particular, with embedded sensing, control, and networking technologies, can provide an attractive platform for enabling data to optimize lighting operations and also to improve performance of other building and enterprise management systems. In this article, we provide architectural elements of a connected indoor lighting system. Application programming interfaces (APIs) are described for lighting system control and data access that facilitates easy and scalable integration for services in a building Internet of Things ecosystem. By considering Power-over-Ethernet lighting in office buildings as an example, we present traditional applications like energy monitoring, remote system monitoring, and configuration that are becoming data-driven, as well as new ones like building space management and data services enabled by the APIs.
Subglottic Stenosis: Development of a Clinically Relevant Endoscopic Animal Model (2020)

The stenosis induction apparatus reliably induced stenosis with a low mortality rate as compared with that of other methods in the literature. The device could be improved to generate a predetermined potentially reproducible grade of stenosis as desired by the operator. This method sets the stage for a clinically relevant and reproducible subglottic stenosis disease model that is amenable to testing of minimally invasive treatment modalities.
In-Line Motion of Subsea Pipeline Span Models Experiencing Vortex-Shedding (2009)

Subsea pipeline spans, when experiencing bottom ocean currents, are prone to vortex-induced vibration (VIV). Experiments and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) are conducted to evaluate the effects of the pipe stiffness on its first mode in-line VIV motion, primarily in the reduced velocity range from approximately 1.0 to 4.0. Experimental results also indicated that there was obliqueness in motion trajectories, which could have impacts on VIV design of the free spans. The main findings of this investigation are presented in this paper.
Revaccination and Adverse Event Recurrence in Patients with Adverse Events following Immunization (2022)

Most individuals with AEFIs were safely revaccinated. Among those with suspected vaccine allergy, skin testing may help determine the safety of revaccination.
Masking mediated print defect visibility predictor (2011)

Banding is a well-known artifact produced by printing systems. It usually appears as lines perpendicular to the process direction of the print. Therefore, banding is an important print quality issue which has been analyzed and assessed by many researchers. However, little literature has focused on the study of the masking effect of content for this kind of print quality issue. Compared with other image and print quality research, our work is focused on the print quality of typical documents printed on a digital commercial printing press. In this paper, we propose a Masking Mediated Print Defect Visibility Predictor (MMPDVP) to predict the visibility of defects in the presence of customer content. The parameters of the algorithm are trained from ground-truth images that have been marked by subjects. The MMPDVP could help the press operator decide whether the print quality is acceptable for specific customer requirements. Ultimately, this model can be used to optimize the print-shop workflow.
Compact, Low Crosstalk and Low Propagation Loss Quantum-Well (1996)

Optical routing in wavelength-division-multiplexing communication systems requires a wavelength insensitive photonic switch fabric. InP-based digital optical switches are attractive wavelength-insensitive space switches [1,2,3] which can be integrated in 4×4 and larger switch arrays [4]. Quantum well electro-optic digital optical switches have the further advantage of low power consumption and high-speed capability, due to their reverse-bias operation. In this paper we present the first demonstration of a quantum well Y-branch digital optical switch with low propagation loss of 0.2 dB/mm, -20 dB low crosstalk, and a compact size of only 2 mm. This switch is based on a MOCVD-grown InGaAsP/InP quantum-well p-i-n structure, which is compatible with monolithically integrated optical amplifiers, lasers and photodetectors. Due to this standard technology platform, and due to the low crosstalk, low on chip loss, and compact size, our switch is highly suitable for integration in a larger cross-connect type switch matrix, as well as in other photonic switching OEICs.
Growth Kinetics and Defects of CVD Graphene on Cu (2010)

Growth of high quality graphene is the basis for the successful demonstration and reduction to practice of electronic devices and transparent conductive electrodes. To date the highest quality devices have been fabricated on graphene exfoliated from natural graphite or Kish graphite, unfortunately this source of graphene is not scalable to sizes required by manufacturing processes. We used chemical vapor deposition (CVD) to grow monolayer graphite or graphene on large area Cu substrates. This technique by its nature is scalable to sizes that are compatible to almost any size requirement. We report on the improvement of the physical properties of graphene on Cu through basic understanding of the growth kinetics. We found that defects associated with the Raman D-band can be reduced by changing the growth process conditions and the sheet resistance is reduced as the D-band defects are reduced.
Track selection in Multifunction Radars for Multi-target tracking: an\n Anti-Coordination game (2016)

In this paper, a track selection problem for multi-target tracking in a\nmultifunction radar network is studied using the concepts from game theory. The\nproblem is formulated as a non-cooperative game, and specifically as an\nanti-coordination game, where each player aims to differ from what other\nplayers do. The players' utilities are modeled using a proper tracking accuracy\ncriterion and, under different assumptions on the structure of these utilities,\nthe corresponding Nash equilibria are characterized. To find an equilibrium, a\ndistributed algorithm based on the best-response dynamics is proposed. Finally,\ncomputer simulations are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the\nproposed algorithm in a multi-target tracking scenario.\n
The detection, immunofluorescent localization, and thrombin induced release of human platelet‐associated fibronectin antigen (1979)

Platelets are cells which develop adhesive properties following stimulation. Since fibronectin (fn) mediates adhesive properties of several cells, we sought evidence for platelet associated fn. Lysates of suspensions of washed human platelets containing less than or equal to 50 ng soluble fn/10(9) cells contained 2.85 micrograms fn antigen per 10(9) cells. The platelet fn antigen competition curve showed a similar slope to the curve for purified plasma fn suggesting antigenic identity. Immunofluorescent staining for fn was minimal in intact cells suggesting that the majority of fn antigen is intracellular. In permeable platelets, fluorescent staining for fn was seen in a punctate distribution suggesting a granule localization. Stimulation of platelet secretion by thrombin released platelet fn antigen. Suramin, a drug which inhibits platelet secretion, inhibited fn release. The apparent secretion of platelet fn, taken with the immunofluorescent data, support the localization of a portion of platelet fn antigen in a storage granule.
Effects of Environmental Conditions on SSC Resistance of C125 OCTG (1999)

Abstract Demand for high strength casing has increased to develop high pressure and/or deep wells. In order to cope with H2S contained in produced fluid, the high strength casings are often required to be resistant to SSC (Sulfide Stress Cracking). Effects of environmental factors such as H2S partial pressure and pH on SSC resistance of C125 grade OCTG were made clear using some types of SSC tests (tensile, V-notched 4-point bent beam, DCB, compact tension, SSRT) and a hydrogen permeation test. For hydrogen entry into steel, one unit of pH decline is equivalent to a tenfold rise of H2S partial pressure although the effect of pH becomes lower after long time. SSC resistance of C125 decreases with increasing ppH2S and decreasing pH and is very high at H2S partial pressure of 0.001 MPa or lower and high at 0.01 MPa in case of higher pH.
Predicting outcomes of mild traumatic brain injuries in the National Trauma Database (2014)

Sweeney, Timothy E. MD; Salles, Arghavan MD; Spain, David A. MD, FACS; Staudenmayer, Kristan MS, FACS Author Information
Supplementary Fig. S4 from Emergence of Enzalutamide Resistance in Prostate Cancer is Associated with BCL-2 and IKKB Dependencies (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Pharmacological screens identify BCL-2 and IKKB inhibitor that specifically targets ENZ-resistant cell lines&lt;/p&gt;
Emergency Li-ion Battery Discharge using Nonlinear Model Predictive Control with Temperature and Venting Pressure Constraints (2023)

Because thermal events in battery systems can evolve quickly, any response to prevent thermal runaway propagation and re-ignition will need to be fast, including an emergency fast discharge. However, a fast discharge can create internal heat generation and lead to high temperatures where gas generation and venting of the flammable electrolyte can occur. This work formulates the fast discharge as a multi-objective, nonlinear model predictive control problem that leverages an electro-thermo-mechanical model. Constraints are placed on temperature and pressure to avoid cell venting. The controller is applied to simulate a fast discharge of a fully-charged, 4.6 Ah pouch cell under three constraint scenarios. When the maximum temperature is set to 45°C, representative of an upper limit during normal operation, discharging down to 60%SOC took 13 minutes. When the constraint was increased to 80°C, discharging to 60%SOC was four times faster, but the cell vented after 14 minutes. Adding a pressure constraint to the latter case allowed the cell to discharge to 60%SOC equally as fast while also avoiding cell venting in the future, achieving a safe emergency discharge. This is the first work that applies a nonlinear controller with venting considerations to manage abnormal battery behavior for mitigating thermal runaway in a Li-ion battery.
OSEKtime: A Dependable Real-Time Fault-Tolerant Operating System and Communication Layer as an Enabling Technology for By-Wire Applications (2000)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The new generation of drive-by-wire systems currently under development has demanding requirements on the electronic architecture. Functions such as brake-by-wire or steer-by-wire require continued operation even in the presence of component failures. The electronic architecture must therefore provide fault-tolerance and real-time response. This in turn requires the operating system and the communication layer to be predictable, dependable and composable. It is well known that this properties are best supported by a time-triggered approach. A consortium consisting of German and French car manufacturers and suppliers, which aims at becoming a working group within the OSEK/VDX initiative, the OSEKtime consortium, is currently defining a specification for a time-triggered operating system and a fault-tolerant communication layer.&lt;span class="xref"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; The operating system and the communication layer are based on applicable interfaces of the OSEK/VDX standard. This paper describes the basic concepts of these two service layers and the electronic architecture.&lt;/div&gt;
Leadership for Quality and Innovation: Challenges, Theories, and a Framework for Future Research (2014)

This perspective paper discusses current issues facing leaders, what researchers and practitioners know about leadership theory and practice, and what they need to know to improve leadership in the future. A key issue in leadership research is that there has been no convergence toward a reasonable number of cogent leadership theories. The current knowledge about leadership consists of narrow definitions of leader effectiveness that are disconnected from their context, so the application to practice is difficult. More research is needed that develops leadership frameworks and models that integrate transformational, servant, and spiritual leadership theories and include the context and a definition of success based on creating value for multiple stakeholders. A framework for future leadership research is proposed along with a “call to action.”
Ligand Binding Properties of Bovine Liver Adenosine Kinase (1995)

Abstract Bovine liver adenosine kinase displays a characteristic intrinsic fluorescence due to 3 tryptophans/mol. This fluorescence is very sensitive to ligand binding and was used to characterize the ligand binding sites of the enzyme. ADP or ATP showed a monophasic saturation curve consistent with the existence of one binding site. In contrast, adenosine and AMP gave biphasic saturation curves suggesting the existence of at least two binding sites with high and low affinity. These binding sites were further characterized by studying the complexation of adenosine kinase with O-(N-methylanthraniloyl)adenosine nucleoside or nucleotide analogues.
Letter to the University President from University Professors endorsing Strategic Positioning (2005)

Letter from several McKnight Professors and Regents Professors to President Robert Bruininks expressing support for the recommendations of the Academic Task Force on Strategic Positioning.
Effects of three antibiotics on theophylline kinetics (1979)

Nine healthy subjects received single doses of intravenous aminophylline (5 mg/kg) on four occasions separated by at least 1 wk. One trial was a control; the other three were performed during administration of therapeutic doses (250 mg every 6 hr) of tetracycline, erythromycin, and cephalexin. Theophylline concentrations in multiple plasma samples drawn during 24 hr after each dose were determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Mean kinetic variables for theophylline during control, tetracycline, erythromycin, and cephalexin trials, respectively, were: volume of distribution, 0.57, 0.61, 0.63, and 0.62 l/kg; elimination half-life (t1/2), 7.9, 9.2, 10.3, and 8.6 hr; total clearance, 0.90, 0.84, 0.78, and 0.89 ml/min/kg. In no case did differences between treatment conditions approach significance. Thus there is no consistent evidence of a kinetic interaction between theophylline and three commonly prescribed antibiotics.
Optical barcoding of PLGA for multispectral analysis of nanoparticle fate in vivo (2017)

Understanding of the mechanisms by which systemically administered nanoparticles achieve delivery across biological barriers remains incomplete, due in part to the challenge of tracking nanoparticle fate in the body. Here, we develop a new approach for "barcoding" nanoparticles composed of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) with bright, spectrally defined quantum dots (QDs) to enable direct, fluorescent detection of nanoparticle fate with subcellular resolution. We show that QD labeling does not affect major biophysical properties of nanoparticles or their interaction with cells and tissues. Live cell imaging enabled simultaneous visualization of the interaction of control and targeted nanoparticles with bEnd.3 cells in a flow chamber, providing direct evidence that surface modification of nanoparticles with the cell-penetrating peptide TAT increases their biophysical association with cell surfaces over very short time periods under convective current. We next developed this technique for quantitative biodistribution analysis in vivo. These studies demonstrate that nanoparticle surface modification with the cell penetrating peptide TAT facilitates brain-specific delivery that is restricted to brain vasculature. Although nanoparticle entry into the healthy brain parenchyma is minimal, with no evidence for movement of nanoparticles across the blood-brain barrier (BBB), we observed that nanoparticles are able to enter to the central nervous system (CNS) through regions of altered BBB permeability - for example, into circumventricular organs in the brain or leaky vasculature of late-stage intracranial tumors. In sum, these data demonstrate a new, multispectral approach for barcoding PLGA, which enables simultaneous, quantitative analysis of the fate of multiple nanoparticle formulations in vivo.
Sub-Task Decomposition Enables Learning in Sequence to Sequence Tasks (2022)

The field of Natural Language Processing has experienced a dramatic leap in capabilities with the recent introduction of huge Language Models. Despite this success, natural language problems that involve several compounded steps are still practically unlearnable, even by the largest LMs. This complies with experimental failures for end-to-end learning of composite problems that were demonstrated in a variety of domains. An effective mitigation is to introduce intermediate supervision for solving sub-tasks of the compounded problem. Recently, several works have demonstrated high gains by taking a straightforward approach for incorporating intermediate supervision in compounded natural language problems: the sequence-to-sequence LM is fed with an augmented input, in which the decomposed tasks' labels are simply concatenated to the original input. In this paper, we prove a positive learning result that motivates these recent efforts. We show that when concatenating intermediate supervision to the input and training a sequence-to-sequence model on this modified input, unlearnable composite problems can become learnable. We show that this is true for any family of tasks which on the one hand, are unlearnable, and on the other hand, can be decomposed into a polynomial number of simple sub-tasks, each of which depends only on O(1) previous sub-task results. Beyond motivating contemporary empirical efforts for incorporating intermediate supervision in sequence-to-sequence language models, our positive theoretical result is the first of its kind in the landscape of results on the benefits of intermediate supervision for neural-network learning: Until now, all theoretical results on the subject are negative, i.e., show cases where learning is impossible without intermediate supervision, while our result is positive, showing that learning is facilitated in the presence of intermediate supervision.
Comparison of number systems in truth-table look-up processing (1989)

An important issue in truth-table look-up processing is the number representation used for data. In this paper, the effects of number representation are investigated for the important case of 8-bit addition as a specific example. The inputs are two 8-bit binary numbers together with an input carry. The output is a full-precision 9-bit binary sum. For the intermediate processing, three number representations are treated: binary, residue, and modified signed digit. The numbers in all three representations are in binary-coded form throughout the processing. The critically important steps of encoding the numbers into the residue and modified signed digit systems and then decoding the results back into the direct binary are also performed by applying truth-table look-up methods. For each case, the complexity has been found by listing all the required reference patterns (minterms) and reducing this list using logical minimization techniques. Also, for the binary number case, analytic expressions have been derived for the number of reduced reference patterns. It is shown that the residue processor is superior in required hardware while the binary processor is the fastest.
LATE-BREAKING ABSTRACT: Serum periostin as a valuable biomarker of comorbid chronic rhinosinusitis in patients with asthma (2016)

<b>Background:</b> Periostin is a matricellular protein that is involved in the pathophysiology of upper airway diseases [UADs, primarily allergic rhinitis and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS)] and asthma. Although serum periostin has been utilized as a therapeutic target in severe asthma, its implication in UADs in asthmatics remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the utility of serum periostin as a diagnostic biomarker in UADs in patients with asthma. M <b>ethods:</b> We prospectively enrolled 65 patients with stable asthma {20 without UADs, 22 with rhinitis, 21 with CRS [10 with nasal polyps (NPs), 11 without] and 2 with NPs} between July 2014 and December 2015. Serum periostin and other biomarkers were measured and compared between UAD subtypes. We evaluated the utility of each biomarker in detecting UADs, associations among each biomarker, severity of rhinitis and CRS as measured by the Lund–Mackay score (LMS) for sinus computed tomography. <b>Results:</b> Serum periostin levels correlated with fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and blood/sputum eosinophil counts (r = 0.36, 0.35, and 0.44). Serum periostin levels were higher in asthmatic patients with CRS (119.8±49.1 ng/ml) than those without UADs (86.3±22.9 ng/ml) (p=0.04). Serum periostin levels in asthmatic patients with CRS with nasal polyps (NP) were significantly higher (143.3±47.6 ng/ml) than those without NP (94.0±37.7 ng/ml) (p=0.01). Serum periostin level correlated with LMS in patients with CRS (r = 0.51, p = 0.02). <b>Conclusions:</b> Serum periostin is a valuable biomarker of comorbid CRS detection in patients with asthma and reflecting its severity.
Risk Factors for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection in Homeless Shelters in Chicago, Illinois—March–May, 2020 (2020)

We identified a high prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infections in homeless shelters. Reducing the number of residents sharing dormitories might reduce the likelihood of SARS-CoV-2 infection. When community transmission is high, limiting movement of persons experiencing homelessness into and out of shelters might also be beneficial.