gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Observation of a non-constant mean curvature interface in an ABC triblock copolymer (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTObservation of a non-constant mean curvature interface in an ABC triblock copolymerSamuel P. Gido, Dwight W. Schwark, Edwin L. Thomas, and Maria do Carmo GoncalvesCite this: Macromolecules 1993, 26, 10, 2636–2640Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00062a040https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00062a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views925Altmetric-Citations152LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Intelligent authentication, authorization, and administration (I3A) (2005)

Purpose – This paper has the purpose of presenting intelligent authentication, authorization, and administration (I3A), a new concept that enables trust and information security between involved sides by agreement, rather than by over‐exercised enforcement.
Synthesis and rearrangements of alkyl phosphorothioates (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and rearrangements of alkyl phosphorothioatesThomas J. Meade, Radha Iyengar, and Perry A. FreyCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 7, 936–940Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00207a005https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00207a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views841Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
X-Ray Spectroscopy With End-to-End Optimized Nanophotonic Scintillators (2023)

We present a method for x-ray spectroscopy, combining nanophotonic scintillator inverse design with an image reconstruction algorithm. We demonstrate our pipeline on 3-energy x-ray spectroscopy, achieving 8% reconstruction error under 1% Gaussian noise
Palladium‐Catalyzed Completely Linear‐Selective Negishi Cross‐Coupling of Allylzinc Halides with Aryl and Vinyl Electrophiles (2013)

Vollständig linear: Mithilfe der Titelreaktion ist eine Vielzahl von prenylierten Arenen und 1,4-Dienen vollständig linearselektiv erhältlich, wie die kurze Synthese des Anti-HIV-Naturstoffs Siamenol beweist. DFT-Rechnungen gaben Aufschluss über den Ursprung der ausgezeichneten Regioselektivität, die mit dem derzeitigen Pd-basierten Katalysatorsystem beobachtet wird.
3D Silicon Microstructures: A New Tool for Evaluating Biological Aggressiveness of Tumor Cells (2015)

In this work, silicon micromachined structures (SMS), consisting of arrays of 3- μ m-thick silicon walls separated by 50- μm-deep, 5- μ m-wide gaps, were applied to investigate the behavior of eight tumor cell lines, with different origins and biological aggressiveness, in a three-dimensional (3D) microenvironment. Several cell culture experiments were performed on 3D-SMS and cells grown on silicon were stained for fluorescence microscopy analyses. Most of the tumor cell lines recognized in the literature as highly aggressive (OVCAR-5, A375, MDA-MB-231, and RPMI-7951) exhibited a great ability to enter and colonize the narrow deep gaps of the SMS, whereas less aggressive cell lines (OVCAR-3, Capan-1, MCF7, and NCI-H2126) demonstrated less penetration capability and tended to remain on top of the SMS. Quantitative image analyses of several fluorescence microscopy fields of silicon samples were performed for automatic cell recognition and count, in order to quantify the fraction of cells inside the gaps, with respect to the total number of cells in the examined field. Our results show that higher fractions of cells in the gaps are obtained with more aggressive cell lines, thus supporting in a quantitative way the observation that the behavior of tumor cells on the 3D-SMS depends on their aggressiveness level.
Standard-compliant content adaptation in IPTV systems (2011)

IPTV, which is based on the universal IP infrastructure, has the inherent nature of heterogeneity in terms of contents, networks, terminals, and users. An important solution to cope with such heterogeneity is content adaptation. This paper reviews the standardization issues related to content adaptation in IPTV standards. We first describe the basic architecture of content adaptation and its integration into the ITU-T IPTV architecture. Then typical methods of content adaptation in practical IPTV systems are discussed in detail. Especially, we highlight the standard metadata tools that are potential to support adaptation methods within ITU-T IPTV architecture. Some recent developments in other standard bodies are also discussed.
Ambient Processable and Stable All‐Polymer Organic Solar Cells (2019)

Abstract In this work, the way in which ambient moisture impacts the photovoltaic performance of conventional PCBM and emerging polymer acceptor–based organic solar cells is examined. The device performance of two representative p‐type polymers, PBDB‐T and PTzBI, blended with either PCBM or polymeric acceptor N2200, is systemically investigated. In both cases, all‐polymer photovoltaic devices processed from high‐humidity ambient conditions exhibit significantly enhanced moisture‐tolerance compared to their polymer–PCBM counterparts. The impact of moisture on the blend film morphology and electronic properties of the electron acceptor (N2200 vs PCBM), which results in different recombination kinetics and electron transporting properties, are further compared. The impact of more comprehensive ambient conditions (moisture, oxygen, and thermal stress) on the long‐term stability of the unencapsulated devices is also investigated. All‐polymer solar cells show stable performance for long periods of storage time under ambient conditions. The authors believe that these findings demonstrate that all‐polymer solar cells can achieve high device performance with ambient processing and show excellent long‐term stability against oxygen and moisture, which situate them in an advantageous position for practical large‐scale production of organic solar cells.
Virus-like particle vaccines for the prevention of human papillomavirus infection (2014)

Virus-like particles (VLPs) are attractive vaccine platforms, combining safety, ease of production and high-density B- or T-cell epitope display for the optimal induction of potent humoral or cellular immune responses. Indeed, human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines, based on the expression of the major capsid protein L1 in yeast (Gardasil®; Merck & Co., NJ, USA) or insect cells (Cervarix®; GlaxoSmithKline, London, UK), assembled in VLPs, and formulated in alum or alum and monophosphoryl lipid A, respectively, have been licensed for the prevention of cervical and anogenital HPV disease. Current HPV L1-VLP vaccines provide type-restricted protection, requiring highly multivalent formulations to broaden the coverage to the 12 or more oncogenic HPVs. The lack of screening and high disease burden in developing countries has spurred efforts to develop more affordable, wider protective, second-generation HPV vaccines. In this chapter, the progress and challenges of these efforts, with a focus on how they inform VLP vaccine design, are summarized based on the paper 'Virus-like particles for the prevention of human papillomavirus-associated malignancies' by Wang and Roden [1].
Induced natural convection thermal cycling device (2023)

A device for separating gases, especially isotopes, by thermal cycling of a separation column using a pressure vessel mounted vertically and having baffled sources for cold and heat. Coils at the top are cooled with a fluid such as liquid nitrogen. Coils at the bottom are either electrical resistance coils or a tubular heat exchange. The sources are shrouded with an insulated "top hat" and simultaneously opened and closed at the outlets to cool or heat the separation column. Alternatively, the sources for cold and heat are mounted separately outside the vessel and an external loop is provided for each circuit.
Low Complexity Two-Stage Soft/Hard Decoders (2017)

Next generation wireless systems will need higher spectral efficiency as the expected traffic volumes per unit bandwidth and dimension will inevitably grow. As a consequence, it is necessary to design coding schemes with performances close to the theoretical limits, having high flexibility and low complexity requirements at transmitter and receiver. In this paper, we point out some of the limitations of the Bit Interleaved Code Modulation (BICM) technique which is the state of the art adopted in several standards and then propose some new lower complexity alternatives. These low complexity alternatives are obtained by applying the recently introduced Analog Digital Belief Propagation (ADBP) algorithm to a two stage encoding scheme embedding a hard decoding stage. First we show that for PAM$^2$ type constellations over the AWGN channel, the performance loss caused by using a hard decoded stage for all modulation bits except the two least protected is negligible. Next, we consider the application of two stage decoders to more challenging Rician channels, showing that in this case the number of bits needed to be soft decoded depends on the Rician factor and increases to a maximum of three bits per dimension for the Rayleigh channel. Finally, we apply the ADBP algorithm to further reduce the detection and decoding complexity.
Results of a Phase 2 Open-Label Study of ISIS-SMNRx in Patients with Infantile (Type 1) Spinal Muscular Atrophy (S6.003) (2014)

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and clinical efficacy of multiple intrathecal doses of ISIS-SMNRx (ISIS 396443) in patients with infantile-onset (Type 1) SMA. Background: ISIS-SMNRx is an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) drug designed to alter splicing of SMN2 mRNA, increasing the amount of functional SMN protein produced. Results from experiments in SMA mouse models showed that ISIS-SMNRx effectively altered SMN2 mRNA splicing, increased SMN protein in the spinal cord, and had significant effects on functional and histological measures of neuromuscular health, including survival, when delivered to the CNS. A single-dose, dose-ascending clinical study of ISIS-SMNRx in children with Type 2/Type 3 SMA has previously been completed. Design/Methods: Multiple doses of ISIS-SMNRx were delivered by intrathecal injection to infants with SMA who were 7 months of age or less at study enrollment. Four subjects were administered multiple 6 mg doses of ISIS-SMNRx and up to 16 subjects will be administered multiple 12 mg doses. Subjects are being monitored for drug safety and tolerability. Plasma drug levels are measured over the first 24 hours and CSF drug levels are assessed prior to each dose administration. Preliminary measures of clinical efficacy include the CHOP-INTEND infant motor exam, CMAP, growth measurements, ventilator use, and survival. Results: Enrollment of the lower dose cohort has been completed and no safety concerns related to ISIS-SMNRx have been identified to date; enrollment of the higher dose cohort is ongoing. Available safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetic, and clinical data will be presented. Conclusions: Results from this study will inform the design and conduct of a Phase 3 clinical study of ISIS-SMNRx in infants with SMA. Study Supported by: Isis Pharmaceuticals, Inc
Overmolded flip chip packaging solution for large die FPGA with 65nm low-k dielectrics (2007)

Flip chip ball grid array (FGBGA) packaging is widely used for high performance devices that require high pin count and enhanced electrical performance. However, current standard flip chip package construction has difficulties in meeting package coplanarity requirements for large packages, especially with thin core substrates. Moreover, due to concerns with corrosion of exposed passive components, standard flip chip package construction with lid is not suitable for applications in which harsh cleaning solvents are used during board assembly. The utilization of low-k in the silicon to enhance device performance presents additional challenges to component reliability. In order to address these concerns, a molded FCBGA package was developed for large die (∼23 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) devices. In the molded flip chip package, the die is underfilled as well as overmolded. This overmolded structure provides good package coplanarity, protection from harsh environments, and structural support for thin substrates. It also offers good bump protection and improves board level reliability. During this study, three different mold compounds were tested with 65nm and 90nm low-k test vehicles with die sizes greater than 21 mm. Effect of different factors such as substrate solder mask, die size, and molding compound properties on the assembly and reliability was studied during these evaluations. This paper also discusses other assembly process related factors that can impact the reliability of the molded flip chip package with large low-k die and large packages. The study shows that the molded FCBGA structure improves the warpage of large packages and can provide good reliability performance for large die with low-k dielectrics. These results also indicate that molded flip chip, which employs high modulus mold compound to give low warpage, could be a potential solution for lead free flip chip packages.
Cationic polymerization of 3‐methylbutene‐1. I. Polymerizations at moderately low temperatures (1964)

Abstract The cationic polymerization of 3‐methylbutene‐1 was investigated with the use of aluminum chloride and aluminum bromide initiators in the temperature range of −62 to −102°C. Polymerizations are homogeneous in the presence of pentane, and above −50°C. in methyl chloride. However, the polymer tends to precipitate below −50°C. in methyl chloride. The molecular weight of poly‐3‐methylbutene‐1 increases with decreasing temperatures at the same conversion level. Significantly, the molecular weights increase with conversion and seem to reach their maximum at high conversions. Higher molecular weights were obtained in n ‐pentane‐alkyl chloride mixtures than in methyl chloride solution alone. The molecular weights are independent of catalyst concentrations in the range investigated (31.8–7.97 × 10 −4 mole/l. AlBr 3 and 57.6–28.8 × 10 −4 mole/l. AlCl 3 ). The rate of homogeneous polymerization with aluminum bromide in propane solvent was studied. The rate is first order in monomer concentration and catalyst concentration and the rate constant is 0.610 l./mole sec. The apparent activation energy calculated from the Arrhenius plot is 6.57 kcal./mole. In methyl bromide the rate of polymerization increases significantly (effect of the dielectric constant). In toluene the molecular weight as well as the rate is strongly depressed indicating the preponderance of a chain breaking mechanism involving this solvent.
Fast microcalcification detection in ultrasound images using image enhancement and threshold adjacency statistics (2013)

The existence of microcalcifications (MCs) is an important marker of malignancy in breast cancer. In spite of the benefits in mass detection for dense breasts, ultrasonography is believed that it might not reliably detect MCs. For computer aided diagnosis systems, however, accurate detection of MCs has the possibility of improving the performance in both Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) lexicon description for calcifications and malignancy classification. We propose a new efficient and effective method for MC detection using image enhancement and threshold adjacency statistics (TAS). The main idea of TAS is to threshold an image and to count the number of white pixels with a given number of adjacent white pixels. Our contribution is to adopt TAS features and apply image enhancement to facilitate MC detection in ultrasound images. We employed fuzzy logic, tophat filter, and texture filter to enhance images for MCs. Using a total of 591 images, the classification accuracy of the proposed method in MC detection showed 82.75%, which is comparable to that of Haralick texture features (81.38%). When combined, the performance was as high as 85.11%. In addition, our method also showed the ability in mass classification when combined with existing features. In conclusion, the proposed method exploiting image enhancement and TAS features has the potential to deal with MC detection in ultrasound images efficiently and extend to the real-time localization and visualization of MCs.
Recovery Oriented Computing: Motivation, Definition, Principles, and Examples (2002)

It is time to broaden our performance-dominated research agenda. A four order of magnitude increase in performance since the first ASPLOS in 1982 means that few outside the CS&E research community believe that speed is the only problem of computer hardware and software. Current systems crash and freeze so frequently that people become violent. Fast but flaky should not be our 21st century legacy. Recovery Oriented Computing (ROC) takes the perspective that hardware faults, software faults, software bugs, and operator errors are facts to be coped with, not problems to be solved. By concentrating on Mean Time to Repair (MTTR) rahter than Mean Time to Failure (MTTF), ROC reduces recovery time and thus offers higher availability. Since a large portion of system administration is dealing with failures, ROC may also reduce total cost of ownership. One to two orders of magnitude reduction in cost mean that the purchase price of hardware and software is now a small part of the total cost of ownership. In addition to giving the motication and definition of ROC, we introduce failure data for Internet sites that shows that the leading cause of outages is operator error. We also demonstrate five ROC techniques in five case studies, which we hope will influence designers of architectures and operating systems. If we embrace availability and maintainability, systems of the future may compete on recovery performance rather than just SPEC performance, and on total cost of ownership rather than just system price. Such a change may restore our pride in the architectures and operating systems we craft.
Construction of the data anti-leakage security system (2011)

In order to protect the information security,a data anti-leakage security system was designed and has realized this purpose.The system used management and varied anti-leakage technology,and it was proved through practice.
Hereditary cancer risk assessment and genetic testing in the community urology practice setting (2022)

This study demonstrated that implementing an HCRA process in the community urology practice setting was feasible, generally favored by providers and patients, and resulted in an increase in the number of patients with PCa who completed genetic testing.
Dual wavelength, actively mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser (2000)

Summary form only given. Optical sources capable of generating pulses at multiple wavelengths are important components for high-capacity systems seeking to exploit combined WDM/TDM access techniques. In particular, we report a 2.6 GHz actively mode-locked Er-doped fiber laser (EDFL) that generates pulses /spl ap/70 ps (FWHM) long at 1544.1 nm and 1545.7 nm and operates at room temperature. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of a multiwavelength mode-locked EDFL having so close wavelength spacing and operating without the need for careful gain equalization techniques or cooling the EDF to make the gain medium inhomogeneously broadened.
Spatially resolved cathodoluminescence study on AlGaN layer fabricated by air‐bridged lateral epitaxial growth (2004)

Abstract Structural properties of AlGaN layer on the GaN seed layer fabricated by air‐bridged lateral epitaxial growth (ABLEG) have been studied by spatially resolved cathodoluminescence (CL) microscopy. The cross‐sectional spatially resolved CL images of the ABLEG‐AlGaN layer reveal that there are roughly three regions which have different main CL peaks. This result suggests that there are roughly three regions with the different Al contents. Before coalescence of the overgrown AlGaN wings, there are two regions of Al content, such as about 6.5, 10.6%. On the other hand, after coalescence of the wings, the Al content of the AlGaN layer becomes uniform (Al content = 8.9%). These results suggest that the facet growth of the overgrown AlGaN wings causes the modulation of Al content in the ABLEG‐AlGaN layer. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)