gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cloned cdna sequence for the human mesothelial protein ‘mesosecrin’ discloses its identity as a plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) and a recent evolutionary change in transcript processing (1989)

Mesosecrin, a Mr approximately 46 x 10(3) glycoprotein secreted in abundance by human mesothelial cells in culture, was recently described by this laboratory. We isolated partial cDNA clones for mesosecrin from a human mesothelial cell cDNA library in lambda gt11 using a specific antiserum. Comparison of mesosecrin cDNA sequences with the recently published sequence for plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) cloned from cDNA libraries of endothelial and other cell types revealed that mesosecrin and PAI-1 are the same protein. Reverse fibrin autography of electrophoretically fractionated medium from mesothelial cell cultures confirmed that mesosecrin is functional as a plasminogen activator inhibitor. The mesosecrin/PAI-1 cDNA clones hybridized to abundant 3.6 and 2.6 kb (kb = 10(3) bases) mRNAs on Northern blots of cultured human mesothelial cell and endothelial cell RNA. These mRNA sizes correspond to those recently published for human endothelial and fibrosarcoma PAI-1 mRNA, which most likely result from alternate polyadenylation sites. Messages 3.6 and 2.6 kb long were also detected in cells cultured from orangutans and African green monkeys, but only an approximately 3.6 kb mRNA was detected in cells of lower primates and several other mammalian species. Thus the extra polyadenylation site in the PAI-1 gene, responsible for the shorter form of the RNA, apparently has been acquired recently during primate evolution. Because they are more easily propagated in culture than endothelial cells, human mesothelial cells offer a new and advantageous system for PAI-1 production and study of its regulation and function.
Spatial Inhomogeneity of Aluminum Content in Air-Bridged Lateral Epitaxially Grown AlGaN Ternary Alloy Films Probed by Cross-Sectional Scanning Near-Field Optical Microscopy (2012)

We systematically studied spatial inhomogeneity of aluminum content in air-bridged lateral epitaxially grown (ABLEG) AlGaN ternary alloy films by high-resolution photoluminescence mapping probed with cross-sectional scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM). We observed the content changes along the vertical &lt;0001&gt; and the horizontal &lt;112̄0&gt; growth directions in AlGaN films with four different mask widths. The spatial inhomogeneity was determined by considering the following factors: the different growth rates of the lateral and vertical directions, the aluminum and gallium adatom supplies from a gas that depend on mask width, and the aluminum and gallium adatom diffusions on the (0001) and (112̄0) facets.
Crystal structures of hydrates of simple inorganic salts. I. Water-rich magnesium halide hydrates MgCl2·8H2O, MgCl2·12H2O, MgBr2·6H2O, MgBr2·9H2O, MgI2·8H2O and MgI2·9H2O (2013)

The previously reported structures of the hydrates of simple inorganic salts that crystallize at room temperature are generally well determined. This is not true for water-rich hydrates, which crystallize at temperatures below 273 K. In this series, investigations of the crystal structures of water-rich hydrates crystallized from aqueous solutions at low temperatures are presented. Reported herein are the structures of a set of magnesium salts. Crystals of MgCl2·8H2O (magnesium dichloride octahydrate), MgCl2·12H2O (magnesium dichloride dodecahydrate), MgBr2·6H2O (magnesium dibromide hexahydrate), MgBr2·9H2O (magnesium dibromide nonahydrate), MgI2·8H2O (magnesium diiodide octahydrate) and MgI2·9H2O (magnesium diiodide nonahydrate) were grown from their aqueous solutions at temperatures below 298 K according to the solid-liquid phase diagrams. All structures are built up from Mg(H2O)6 octahedra. Dimensions and angles in the hexaaqua cation complexes are very similar and variation is not systematic. The anions are incorporated into a specific network of O-H...X hydrogen bonds.
Selenium improves stem cell potency by stimulating the proliferation and active migration of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes (2013)

Selenium is a trace nutrient element that protects cells against oxidative damage. In this study, the potential of selenium to improve stem cell potency through active proliferation and migration of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes was investigated, together with the underlying molecular mechanisms. The results indicated that selenium applied for 24 h stimulated cell proliferation up to 20% compared to untreated control cells. Selenium induced the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 1 and CDK2, which are known to regulate G2/M progression, and significantly downregulated the CDK inhibitors p21 and p27. Selenium also activated the expression of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway, as well as extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Although LY294002, an inhibitor of PI3K, significantly inhibited the selenium-induced cell proliferation of the 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, PD98059, an inhibitor of ERK, did not affect selenium-induced active proliferation. These results clearly indicate that selenium stimulated cell proliferation through cell cycle progression and PI3K/Akt activation, but not through ERK activation. Furthermore, selenium increased 3T3-L1 cell migration, which was associated with the induction of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9. Taken together, the current findings suggest that selenium can stimulate stem cell potency by increasing the proliferation and active migration of 3T3-L1 cells.
Mining Large Itemsets for Association Rules. (1998)

This paper provides a survey of the itemset method for association rule generation. The paper discusses past research on the topic and also studies the relevance and importance of the itemset method in generating association rules. We discuss a number of variations of the association rule problem which have been proposed in the literature and their practical applications. Some inherent weaknesses of the large itemset method for association rule generation have been explored. We also discuss some other formulations of associations which can be viable alternatives to the traditional association rule generation method. 1 Introduction Association rules find the relationships between the different items in a database of sales transactions. Such rules track the buying patterns in consumer behavior eg. finding how the presence of one item in the transaction affects the presence of another and so forth. The problem of association rule generation has recently gained considerable prominence in ...
Greenlighting Photoelectrochemical Oxidation of Water by Iron Oxide (2014)

Hematite (α-Fe2O3) is one of just a few candidate electrode materials that possess all of the following photocatalyst-essential properties for scalable application to water oxidation: excellent stability, earth-abundance, suitability positive valence-band-edge energy, and significant visible light absorptivity. Despite these merits, hematite's modest oxygen evolution reaction kinetics and its poor efficiency in delivering photogenerated holes, especially holes generated by green photons, to the electrode/solution interface, render it ineffective as a practical water-splitting catalyst. Here we show that hole delivery and catalytic utilization can be substantially improved through Ti alloying, provided that the alloyed material is present in ultrathin-thin-film form. Notably, the effects are most pronounced for charges photogenerated by photons with energy comparable to the band gap for excitation of Fe(3d)→Fe(3d) transitions (i.e., green photons). Additionally, at the optimum Ti substitution level the lifetimes of surface-localized holes, competent for water oxidation, are extended. Together these changes explain an overall improvement in photoelectrochemical performance, especially enhanced internal quantum efficiencies, observed upon Ti(IV) incorporation.
Midinfrared frequency comb by difference frequency of erbium and thulium fiber lasers in orientation-patterned gallium phosphide (2017)

We generate over 60 mW of pulses with wavelengths from 6 to 11 micrometers by difference frequency mixing between erbium and thulium fiber amplifiers in orientation-patterned GaP with a photon conversion efficiency of 0.2. By stabilizing the repetition rate of the shared oscillator and adding a frequency shifter to one arm, the output becomes a frequency comb with tunable carrier envelope offset.
Two Decades of Brain Tumour Imaging with O-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine PET: The Forschungszentrum Jülich Experience (2022)

O-(2-[<sup>18</sup>F]fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine (FET) is a widely used amino acid tracer for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of brain tumours. This retrospective study and survey aimed to analyse our extensive database regarding the development of FET PET investigations, indications, and the referring physicians' rating concerning the role of FET PET in the clinical decision-making process. Between 2006 and 2019, we performed 6534 FET PET scans on 3928 different patients against a backdrop of growing demand for FET PET. In 2019, indications for the use of FET PET were as follows: suspected recurrent glioma (46%), unclear brain lesions (20%), treatment monitoring (19%), and suspected recurrent brain metastasis (13%). The referring physicians were neurosurgeons (60%), neurologists (19%), radiation oncologists (11%), general oncologists (3%), and other physicians (7%). Most patients travelled 50 to 75 km, but 9% travelled more than 200 km. The role of FET PET in decision-making in clinical practice was evaluated by a questionnaire consisting of 30 questions, which was filled out by 23 referring physicians with long experience in FET PET. Fifty to seventy per cent rated FET PET as being important for different aspects of the assessment of newly diagnosed gliomas, including differential diagnosis, delineation of tumour extent for biopsy guidance, and treatment planning such as surgery or radiotherapy, 95% for the diagnosis of recurrent glioma, and 68% for the diagnosis of recurrent brain metastases. Approximately 50% of the referring physicians rated FET PET as necessary for treatment monitoring in patients with glioma or brain metastases. All referring physicians stated that the availability of FET PET is essential and that it should be approved for routine use. Although the present analysis is limited by the fact that only physicians who frequently referred patients for FET PET participated in the survey, the results confirm the high relevance of FET PET in the clinical diagnosis of brain tumours and support the need for its approval for routine use.
Physical Modeling of MIMO Antennas and Channels by Means of the Spherical Vector Wave Expansion (2009)

In this paper we propose a new physically motivated model that allows to study the interaction between the antennas and the propagation channel for Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) systems. The key tools employed in the model are the expansion coefficients of the electromagnetic field in spherical vector waves and the scattering matrix representation of the properties of the antenna. We derive the expansion of the MIMO channel matrix, H, in spherical vector wave modes of the electromagnetic field of the antennas as well as the propagation channel. We also introduce the channel scattering dyadic, C, with a corresponding correlation model for co- and cross-polarized elements and introduce the concept of mode-to-mode channel mapping, the M-matrix, between the receive and transmit antenna modes. The M-matrix maps the modes excited by the transmitting antenna to the modes exciting the receive antennas and vice versa. The covariance statistics of this M-matrix are expressed as a function of the double-directional power-angular spectrum (PAS) of co- and cross-polarized components of the electromagnetic field. Our approach aims at gaining insights into the physics governing the interaction between antennas and channels and it is useful for studying the performance of different antenna designs in a specified propagation channel as well as for modeling the propagation channel. It can furthermore be used to quantify the optimal properties of antennas in a given propagation channel. We illustrate the developed methodology by analyzing the interaction of a 2x2 system of slant polarized half-wavelength dipole antennas with some basic propagation channel models. (Less)
Efficacy of Sofosbuvir plus Ledipasvir in Egyptian patients with COVID-19 compared to standard treatment: Randomized controlled trial (2021)

Abstract Background COVID-19 is a pandemic disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, which is an RNA virus similar to HCV in the replication process. Sofosbuvir/ledipasvir is an approved drug by the FDA to treat HCV infection. This study investigates the efficacy of Sofosbuvir/ledipasvir as a treatment for patients with moderate COVID-19 infection.. Methods This is a single-blinded parallel-randomized controlled trial. The participants were randomized equally into the intervention group received Sofosbuvir/ledipasvir (S.L. group), and the control group received Oseltamivir, Hydroxychloroquine, and Azithromycin (OCH group). The primary outcomes were the cure rate over time and the incidence of serious adverse events. The secondary outcomes included the laboratory findings. Results Two hundred and fifty patients were divided equally into each group. Both groups were similar regarding gender, but age was higher in the S.L. group (p=0.001). In the S.L. group, 89 (71.2%) patients were cured, while only 51 (40.8%) patients were cured in the OCH group. The cure rate was significantly higher in the S.L. group (RR=1.75, p&lt;0.001). Kaplan-Meir plot showed a considerably higher cure over time in the S.L. group (Log-rank test, p=0.032). There were no deaths in the S.L. group, but there were six deaths (4.8%) in the OCH group (RR=0.08, p=0.013). Seven patients (5.6%) in the S.L. group and six patients (4.8%) in the OCH group were admitted to ICU (RR=1.17, P=0.776). There was no significant difference between treatment groups regarding Total Leukocyte Count, Neutrophils count, Lymph and Urea. Conclusion Sofosbuvir/ledipasvir is suggestive of being effective in treating patients with moderate COVID-19 infection. Further studies are needed to compare Sofosbuvir/ledipasvir with the new treatment protocols.
Carbon nanotube substrate electrodes for lightweight, long-life rechargeable batteries (2011)

Lighter weight and longer life batteries for electrochemical energy storage are needed for many applications including aerospace, transportation, portable electronics, and biomedical devices. Inclusion of inert materials as part of the battery electrode significantly decreases energy density as they contribute to the weight and volume of the electrode, but not to its energy content. This work demonstrates the viability of using novel metal oxide/carbon nanotube substrate (CNT-S) electrodes in rechargeable cells. To our knowledge this is the first reported use of CNT-S for lithium battery cathodes without the use of a supporting metal current collector. Calculations show that the use of CNT-S can increase the cathode specific capacity by 20–60%, due to the low mass of the CNT-S and elimination of binders and other inert conductive carbons typically added to composite cathodes on foil current collectors. The oxidative stability of CNT-S relative to metal foil current collectors may extend battery lifetimes and enable use of electrolytes that are currently not viable. Two methods of preparing electrodes were demonstrated, the first using material deposited on the CNT substrate after isolation and the second method using direct integration during material synthesis.
Antibacteria, Antiurease, and Antiproliferative Abruquinones fromAbrus precatoriusRoots (2022)

Phytochemical studies of methanol soluble fractions of Abrus precatorius Linn (Fabaceae) led to the isolation of four abruquinones (abruquinones M, A, E, and B). Structures of the compounds were elucidated using spectroscopic analyses - 1D, 2D NMR, HRESI-MS. Evaluation of the therapeutic effects of A. precatorius fractions showed significant (p < 0.05) antibacterial and antiurease activities. Further therapeutic evaluation of the compounds showed that abruquinones M, A, E, and B demonstrated antibacterial activities by inhibiting significantly (p < 0.05) the growth of multidrug resistant S. aureus (MIC values ranged from 20 - 30 μg/mL) (µM) via induction of morphological damages with concomitant membrane segmentation. Abruquinones A and B showed significant (p < 0.05) urease inhibiting activity (IC50 values 35.2 and 37.7 µM, respectively), docked tightly to the side chains of urease enzyme active site via π-cation interactions, as well as showed cytotoxicity against AU565 and MDA-MB231 breast cancer cells (IC50 values 23.13 and 9.05 μM, respectively). These findings suggest abruquinones (isoflavanquinones) from A. precatorius roots as viable candidates for further mechanistic studies on possible antibacterial, antiurease, and anticancer drug development.
In-vitro and in-vivo nematicidal activities of the cyclic dodecapeptide omphalotin A (1999)

Omphalotin A, a cyclic dodecapeptide produced by submerged cultures of the basidiomycete Omphalotus olearius, exhibited in-vitro and in-vivo nematicidal activity. Meloidogyne incognita was the most sensitive nematode. At 2.0 mg litre−1, 50% of the nematodes were dead after one hour. Heterodera schachtii, Radopholus similis and Pratylenchus penetrans were affected at higher concentrations. Incorporated into agar, the compound prevented infection of cucumber seedlings by M. incognita at concentrations of 1 mg litre−1 and higher. In glasshouse tests, complete protection of cucumbers and lettuce was achieved between 2.5 and 10 mg litre−1. No insecticidal activity was observed when Plutella xylostella, Phaedon cochleariae or Spodoptera frugiperda were fed material containing 4 g kg−1 of omphalotin A. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry
Damage-Free Smooth-Sidewall InGaAs Nanopillar Array by Metal-Assisted Chemical Etching (2017)

Producing densely packed high aspect ratio In<sub>0.53</sub>Ga<sub>0.47</sub>As nanostructures without surface damage is critical for beyond Si-CMOS nanoelectronic and optoelectronic devices. However, conventional dry etching methods are known to produce irreversible damage to III-V compound semiconductors because of the inherent high-energy ion-driven process. In this work, we demonstrate the realization of ordered, uniform, array-based In<sub>0.53</sub>Ga<sub>0.47</sub>As pillars with diameters as small as 200 nm using the damage-free metal-assisted chemical etching (MacEtch) technology combined with the post-MacEtch digital etching smoothing. The etching mechanism of In<sub>x</sub>Ga<sub>1-x</sub>As is explored through the characterization of pillar morphology and porosity as a function of etching condition and indium composition. The etching behavior of In<sub>0.53</sub>Ga<sub>0.47</sub>As, in contrast to higher bandgap semiconductors (e.g., Si or GaAs), can be interpreted by a Schottky barrier height model that dictates the etching mechanism constantly in the mass transport limited regime because of the low barrier height. A broader impact of this work relates to the complete elimination of surface roughness or porosity related defects, which can be prevalent byproducts of MacEtch, by post-MacEtch digital etching. Side-by-side comparison of the midgap interface state density and flat-band capacitance hysteresis of both the unprocessed planar and MacEtched pillar In<sub>0.53</sub>Ga<sub>0.47</sub>As metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors further confirms that the surface of the resultant pillars is as smooth and defect-free as before etching. MacEtch combined with digital etching offers a simple, room-temperature, and low-cost method for the formation of high-quality In<sub>0.53</sub>Ga<sub>0.47</sub>As nanostructures that will potentially enable large-volume production of In<sub>0.53</sub>Ga<sub>0.47</sub>As-based devices including three-dimensional transistors and high-efficiency infrared photodetectors.
A 112 Gb/s PAM4 CMOS Optical Receiver with Sub-pJ/bit Energy Efficiency (2019)

We present a 112Gb/s PAM4 optical receiver to meet the requirements of emerging 400G Ethernet standards. Our receiver uses a 35GHz Ge-on-Si- Pdwire-bonded to a 28nm CMOS linear TIA. Measurement results verify target performance at 0.96pJ/bit efficiency, showing the potential for low-cost 100+G/λ optical receivers.
BAYESIAN AUDIO ALIGNMENT BASED ON A UNIFIED GENERATIVE MODEL OF MUSIC COMPOSITION AND PERFORMANCE (2014)

This paper presents a new probabilistic model that can align multiple performances of a particular piece of music. Con-ventionally, dynamic time warping (DTW) and left-to-right hidden Markov models (HMMs) have often been used for audio-to-audio alignment based on a shallow acoustic sim-ilarity between performances. Those methods, however, cannot distinguish latent musical structures common to all performances and temporal dynamics unique to each per-formance. To solve this problem, our model explicitly rep-resents two state sequences: a top-level sequence that de-termines the common structure inherent in the music it-self and a bottom-level sequence that determines the actual temporal fluctuation of each performance. These two se-quences are fused into a hierarchical Bayesian HMM and can be learned at the same time from the given perfor-mances. Since the top-level sequence assigns the same state for note combinations that repeatedly appear within a piece of music, we can unveil the latent structure of the piece. Moreover, we can easily compare different perfor-mances of the same piece by analyzing the bottom-level se-quences. Experimental evaluation showed that our method outperformed the conventional methods. 1.