gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Numerical drift-diffusion modeling of organic solar cells in comparison with experimental data series (2010)

Recently, much effort has been put in the simulation of charge transport in organic materials and more and more sophisticated models with an increasing number of parameters are developed. In this paper, we show which models are necessary and applicable for the drift-diffusion modeling of IV curves of multilayer solar cells. For comparison to experiment, a data series of small molecule organic solar cells comprising several materials, architectures, and thicknesses of layers is used. The model is chosen as simple as possible to reduce the number of parameters and to allow for the identification and accurate investigation of the key processes in detail. As exemplary result, the spatial exciton generation profile is examined within the active blend layer: It does not only influence the short circuit current, but also the fill factor and open circuit voltage at constant short circuit current, especially in the case of imbalanced mobilities. In another example where interfacial barriers are present, broadening of the energy levels due to disorder has to be taken into account to describe the IV curves showing S-Shape like behavior with realistic parameters. Transient measurements of extraction barrier devices show indeed an accumulation of charge carriers as predicted by simulation.
Automatic Event Recognition for Enhanced Situational Awareness in UAV Video (2006)

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have increasingly shown their usefulness in surveillance, and can greatly improve a commander's situational awareness. With deployment of increasingly larger numbers of UAVs, there is a corresponding increase in the number of operators and analysts required to fully manage these assets. Automatic analysis of UAV video data has the potential for reducing the number of operators required by providing a warning on the occurrence of situations and events of interest. But improvements over basic object recognition are required to provide the necessary levels of situational awareness. One also needs to be able to recognize the relationships between the objects and how those relationships evolve over time (occurrence of events). This paper describes research that is being done on the recognition of events that occur in UAV video, and some of the initial results of that research. Events and situations are described using the video event representation language (VERL), and these event representations are then implemented using Bayesian networks to recognize the event occurrence. The event recognition scheme uses the detection of objects and their parameters as the initial evidence for the event, it is also hierarchical in nature, so that recognized simple events become evidence for recognizing more complex events. Multiple simultaneous events involving multiple actors in the scene can be handled. The results of testing with a limited event recognition catalog are described. Additional event capability is being added to the catalog of recognizable events as the research work is continued.
Supplementary Materials and Methods, Figure Legends 1-3 from Nitric Oxide Boosts Chemoimmunotherapy via Inhibition of Acid Sphingomyelinase in a Mouse Model of Melanoma (2023)

Supplementary Materials and Methods, Figure Legends 1-3 from Nitric Oxide Boosts Chemoimmunotherapy via Inhibition of Acid Sphingomyelinase in a Mouse Model of Melanoma
Fine and Ultra-Fine Entity Type Embeddings for Question Answering (2020)

We describe our system for the SeMantic AnsweR (SMART) Type prediction task 2020 for both the DBpedia and Wikidata Question Answer Type datasets. The SMART task challenge introduced fine-grained and ultra-fine entity typing to question answering by releasing two datasets for question classification using DBpedia and Wikidata classes. We propose a flexible framework for both entity types using paragraph vectors and word embeddings to obtain high quality contextualized question representations. We augment the document similarity provided by paragraph vectors with semantic modeling and sentence alignment using word embeddings. For the answer category prediction, we achieved a maximum accuracy score of 85% for Wikidata and 88% for DBpedia. For the answer types prediction, we achieved a maximum MRR of 40% for Wikidata and a maximum nDCG@5 of 54% for DBpedia datasets.
Estimation of volumetric myocardial apparent conductivity from endocardial electro-anatomical mapping (2009)

Estimating patient-specific electrical tissue parameters is of considerable benefit towards personalization of cardiac biophysical models. In this paper, an adaptive inverse parameter estimation algorithm is proposed to estimate the myocardial apparent conductivity from endocardial electrical potential measurements. The forward electrophysiology problem is posed as an Eikonal model and is solved using an anisotropic fast marching method. The conductivity estimation algorithm is validated on patient data obtained using hybrid X-ray/magnetic resonance imaging. Future directions towards improving such estimation procedures are also indicated.
A 200-μW Interface for High-Resolution Eddy-Current Displacement Sensors (2021)

This article presents a low-power eddy-current sensor interface for touch applications. It is based on a bang-bang digital phase-locked loop (DPLL) that converts the displacement of a metal target into digital information. The PLL consists of a digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) built around a sensing coil and a capacitive DAC, a comparator-based bang-bang phase/frequency detector (PFD), and a digital loop filter (DLF). The PLL locks the DCO to a reference frequency, making its digital input a direct representation of the sensing coil inductance. To compensate for the coil inductance tolerances, the DCO's center frequency can be trimmed by a second capacitive DAC. This approach obviates the need for a reference coil. When combined with a 5-mm-diameter sensing coil located 500 μm from a metal target, the interface achieves a displacement resolution of 6.7 nm (rms) in a 3-kHz bandwidth. It consumes 200 μW from a 1.8-V power supply, which represents the best-reported tradeoff between power consumption, bandwidth, and resolution.
The Importance Of Spatial Frequency And Orientation In Image Decomposition And Coding (1987)

A scheme is proposed for image decomposition into components having spatial frequency band and orientation selectivity characteristic of the visual system. The Hexagonal-discrete-Fourier-transform (HDFT) of an hexagonally sampled image is partitioned into 36 bands, each of one octave and 30 degrees of angular orientation. Computational results of such image decomposition exhibit self-similarity of edge distribution, along the pyramidal structure of the spatial frequency components, in each of the six orientations. A combination of coding scheme, which reduces the apparent redundancy, and efficient bit reallocation procedure achieves good image reconstruction with data transmission rate of about 1.0 bits/pixel.
Resolving the backbone tilt of crystalline poly(3-hexylthiophene) with resonant tender X-ray diffraction (2022)

The way in which conjugated polymers pack in the solid state strongly affects the performance of polymer-based optoelectronic devices. However, even for the most crystalline conjugated polymers the precise packing of chains within the unit cell is not well established. Here we show that by performing resonant X-ray diffraction experiments at the sulfur K-edge we are able to resolve the tilting of the planar backbones of crystalline poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) within the unit cell. This approach exploits the anisotropic nature of the X-ray optical properties of conjugated polymers, enabling us to discern between different proposed crystal structures. By comparing our data with simulations based on different orientations, a tilting of the planar conjugated backbone with respect to the side chain stacking direction of 30 ± 5° is determined.
Effect of Bimetallic Ni–Cr Catalysts for Steam-CO<SUB>2</SUB> Reforming of Methane at High Pressure (2014)

The present work was to carry out the development of high performance Ni-based catalyst for Steam-CO2 reforming of methane (SCR) which is suitable for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis of GTL- FPSO (floating, production, storage and offloading) process. The bimetallic Ni-Cr catalysts were prepared by co-impregnation method. The Ni and Cr loading amount were fixed at 12 wt% and 3~7 wt%, respectively. The catalytic reaction was conducted at 900 °C and 20 bar with reactant feed ratio of CH4:CO2:H2O:Ar = 1:0.8:1.3:1 and GHSV = 25,000 h(-1). The Cr-modified Ni/γ-Al2O3 catalyst was characterized by BET surface area analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), H2-temperature programmed reduction (TPR), H2-chmisorption, CO2-temperature programmed desorption (TPD) and Transmission electron microscopy(TEM). To confirm the amount and type of the carbon deposition, the used catalysts were examined by Thermogravitic analysis (TGA) and Field emission-scanning microscopy/Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (FE-SEM/EDX). It was found that the bimetallic Ni-Cr catalyst exhibits highly dispersed Ni particles with strong metal-to-support interaction (SMSI) as well as excellent catalytic activity, resulting in the suppression of Ni sintering and carbon deposition.
The In-Situ Assessment of Pitting Corrosion and Its Inhibition Using LCM (2010)

Abstract Pitting corrosion of pipelines remains a serious concern to operators in the oil and gas industry. Pitting is a particularly insidious and extremely rapid form of attack of a metal structure which can lead to unexpected system failures. The pipe wall can be perforated within a relatively short space of time with no appreciable metal loss on the pipeline as a whole. Corrosion inhibitors are widely used by operators to maintain asset integrity and their effect on controlling general corrosion to acceptable levels is easily demonstrated by the use of weight loss coupons or techniques such as linear polarisation resistance (LPR). However, up to 80 % of pipeline failures are ascribed to pitting but very few monitoring methods are capable to show this outcome. This paper discusses localised corrosion monitoring (LCM) technique which has been utilised to provide in-situ quantitative assessment of pitting corrosion under laboratory simulated wet sour gas operating conditions. The predicted pitting damage by LCM was subsequently verified using a calibrated white light interferometer (WLI). Examples of the assessment of corrosion inhibitors in terms of their pitting inhibition performance employing LCM and the WLI are provided.
Horizontal line bisections in upper and lower body space (2000)

Whereas the ventral cortical visual stream is important in object recognition, the dorsal stream is specialized for spatial localization. In humans there are also right and left hemisphere asymmetries in visual processing: the left hemisphere being more important in object recognition and the right in specifying spatial locations. Based on these dorsal-ventral and right-left where-what dichotomies, one would expect that the dorsal right hemisphere systems would be most activated during spatial localization tasks, and this activation may induce a leftward spatial bias in lower space. To determine if visual stimuli in upper and lower body space evoke different hemispheric activation, we had 12 normal participants bisect horizontal lines above and below eye level. Participants erred leftward in lower body space relative to upper body space (M = 1.3345 mm and 0.4225 mm, respectively; p = .011). In upper body space, bisection errors did not differ from zero, but in lower body space, errors tended to deviate leftward (M = 1.3345 mm, differs from null hypotheses at p = .0755). Our results are consistent with dorsal stream/right hemisphere activation when performing a spatial localization task in lower versus upper body space.
FAM 12.4: A Programmable Image Processor* (1990)

This programmable image processor can be used as a 2-D matched filter to perform the spatial fdtering of a 2-D image with 20 different 7x7 spatial fdters or used as a sliding window processor which can extract up to 20 different 7x7 spatial features at each window position. The processors can be used for signal conditioning such as noise removal, enhancing and or skeletonizing an input image and can also be used to extract feature information from the input image. The device is designedto performone billion arithmetic operations per second with power dissipation of less than 1W when clocked at 10MHz. The processor was developed based on charge-coupled device (CCD) technology. Table 1 demonstrates the computational capability of this device. The layout and data flow of the CCD image processor are shown in Figure 1. The processor consists of a CCD tapped delay line for continuously shifting and holding seven limes of a gray-level input image, 49 multipliers, and 49 20-stage 8b parcel CCD digital shift-registers. The multipliers are implemented using 8b CCD four-quadrant multiplying D-to-A converters (MDAC’s) with the digital word represented in 2’scomplement notation.’ The tapped delay line is configured in a U shape to minimize chip area, but is represented in Figure 1 as seven straight lines connected in a serpentine organization to show the correspondence between the delay-line pattern and the input image. At the frst seven stages of every line, floating-gate taps are used to nondestructively sense the image pixel intensity. The sensed signal at each tap is coupled to the analog input port of its corresponding MDAC, and the output fromeachMDAC is a charge packet proportional to the product of the analog input and the digital weights. All the MDACs share a common output, and the outputs from all the MDACs are thus summed together in the charge domain. The 49 digital shift registers are memories for storing 20 7x7 feature patterns. Each feature can be a gray-level image with 8b accuracy in pixel intensity. As described in Reference 2, a low-power, high-packing-density CCD digital shift register was employed in this memory design. Use of the normallyvolatile CCD device is possible in this case because a feedback enable switch has been incorporated at each bit of the memory
Modules TX et RX hybrides 60GHz pour interfaces WLAN en environnement domestique (2009)

National audience
Real-time transport of MPEG video with a statistically guaranteed loss ratio in ATM networks (2001)

Unlike deterministic real-time communication in which excessive resources may be required for "absolute" performance guarantees, statistical real-time communication seeks to achieve both probabilistic performance guarantees and efficient resource sharing. This paper presents a framework for statistical real-time communication in ATM networks, providing delay-guaranteed transport of MPEG-coded video traffic with a statistically-guaranteed cell-loss ratio. Delay-guaranteed communication is achieved with a modified version of Traffic-Controlled Rate-Monotonic Priority Scheduling (TCRM). A set of statistical real-time channels that share similar traffic characteristics are multiplexed into a common macrochannel. Those statistical real-time channels which are multiplexed together share the resources of a macrochannel, and individual statistical real-time channels are given timeliness and probabilistic cell-loss guarantees. A macrochannel is serviced by the modified TCRM which improves link utilization and makes channel management simpler. Based on the analysis of an M/D/1/N queueing system, we propose a procedure for determining the transmission capacity of a macrochannel necessary to statistically guarantee a cell-loss ratio bound. Our extensive trace-driven simulation has shown the superiority of the proposed framework to the other approaches. The overall cell-loss ratios for multihop statistical real-time channels are shown to be smaller than the predetermined bounds, thus verifying our analytical results.
Controversies in Neurosurgery II (2014)

A world-class team of neurosurgeons tackles a broad spectrum of current neurosurgical issues in this unique book, where readers get practical advice and frank commentary on the pros and cons of numerous techniques and methods of approach. With more than 100 internationally renowned contributors, it demonstrates the diversity of approaches to any one clinical problem, reflecting real-life situations where several treatment alternatives may be acceptable.
Image Restoration Using a Lorentzian Probability Model (1995)

Abstract The distribution of edge values for an image of a general scene often has a sharp peak with a long tail. This property, which can be well described by a Lorentzian probability function, has been used to develop an efficient nonlinear image restoration algorithm for reducing the various artifacts that often arise in the restored images. The algorithm starts with a Wiener filter solution which is used to model the edge image by the Lorentzian function so that the likelihood of the image can be estimated. A nonlinear correction term is then introduced which increases this image likelihood under the mean square error criterion. This process ensures that the resulting image retains its sharpness while reducing the noise and ringing artifacts. An iterative procedure has been developed to implement this method. Computer simulated results show that the algorithm is robust in reducing artifacts and easily implemented. The algorithm also possesses a superresolution capability due to the highly nonlinear property of the correction term.
Defective Desmosomal Adhesion Causes Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy by Involving an Integrin-αVβ6/TGF-β Signaling Cascade (2022)

We show that disruption of desmosomal adhesion is sufficient to induce a phenotype that fulfils the clinical criteria to establish the diagnosis of ACM, confirming the dysfunctional adhesion hypothesis. Deregulation of integrin-αVβ6 and transforming growth factor-β signaling was identified as a central step toward fibrosis. A pilot in vivo drug test revealed this pathway as a promising target to ameliorate fibrosis. This highlights the value of this model to discern mechanisms of cardiac fibrosis and to identify and test novel treatment options for ACM.
ChemInform Abstract: Determination of Base Properties of Hydrotalcites: Condensation of Benzaldehyde with Ethyl Acetoacetate. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
[Immune response of children homozygous for sickle cell anemia to vaccination against pneumococcus]. (1984)

Le taux moyen de seroconversion est de 80,75% et l'analyse des resultats montre que le pourcentage de seroconversion est fonction du serotype considere. Dans cette etude la reponse en anticorps de l'enfant de 6 a 24 mois est comparable a celle obtenue chez l'enfant plus âge et l'etat de malnutrition n'a pas semble influencer significativement ces resultats. Enfin les controles serologiques
Determination of Chemical Constituents of Leaf and Stem Essential Oils of Artemisia monosperma from Central Saudi Arabia (2012)

The leaf and stem essential oils of Artemisia monosperma from the desert region of central Saudi Arabia were analysed by gas chromatography-based techniques (GC-FID, GC-MS, Co-GC, LRI determination, database and literature search) using polar as well as non-polar columns, which resulted in the identification of 130 components, of which 81 were common to both oils. In the leaf oil 120 compounds were identified, while 91 were identified in the stem oil accounting for 98.4% and 99.7% of the oil composition, respectively. The major constituents of the leaf oil were beta-pinene (50.3%), a-terpinolene (10.0%), limonene (5.4%) and a-pinene (4.6%), while the major constituents of the stem oil were beta-pinene (36.7%), a-terpinolene (6.4%), limonene (4.8%), beta-maaliene (3.7%), shyobunone (3.2%) and a-pinene (3.1%). The two oils showed an important qualitative similarity. However, some specific constituents (39 in the leaf oil and 10 in the stem oil) allow differentiation of the two essential oils.
Analysis of a New Method for Finding Eigenmodesof Very Large Lattice Systems (1991)

This paper analyses a new numerical method, based on mechanical resonance to extract pure vibrational eigenmodes for very large systems. This method can be used for systems containing as many as ∼10 6 particles, which are too large to be treated by conventional numerical methods. In addition, this algorithm can easily be vectorized for implementation on an array-processing supercomputer. A formula is given to judge the accuracy of the eigenmodes and eigenfrequencies that are found. In addition a discussion is given of how to make the most efficient choice for two key parameters entering into the algorithm, namely the driving time interval t and the number of iterations p .
Perioperative Management in Patients Using Vitamin K Antagonists: Observational Cohort Study (2020)

We showed that despite publication of the BRIDGE trial, the frequency of bridging with LMWH and patient outcomes regarding bleeding complications did not change.
The impact of Ge codoping on the enhancement of photovoltaic characteristics of B-doped Czochralski grown Si crystal (2012)

The effect of Ge codoping on minority carrier lifetime in boron (B)-doped Czochralski-silicon (CZ-Si) crystals was investigated. The minority carrier lifetime increased from 110 to 176 µs as Ge concentration was increased from zero to 1 × 1020 cm−3 in B/Ge codoped CZ-Si crystals. Light-induced degradation (LID) experiments showed that B-doped CZ-Si degrades rapidly, while B/Ge codoped CZ-Si degrades more slowly. Moreover, the flow pattern defect (FPD) density of grown-in micro-defects (GMD) in as-grown B/Ge codoped CZ-Si decreased with increasing Ge concentration. From the infrared (IR) absorption studies, it was observed that the interstitial oxygen (Oi) concentration decreased as Ge concentration increased in the crystal. The suppressed LID effect in the B/Ge codoped CZ-Si appears to be related to the low concentration of B-O associated defects, possibly because Ge doping retards the Oi diffusion in addition to the low Oi concentration present (evidenced from IR studies). The mechanism by which the Ge concentration influences the reduction of FPDs and Oi concentration is discussed in terms of Ge-vacancy defect formation during post-growth cooling of the ingots.
Continuous molecular monitoring of human dermal interstitial fluid with microneedle-enabled electrochemical aptamer sensors (2023)

The ability to continually collect diagnostic information from the body during daily activity has revolutionized the monitoring of health and disease. Much of this monitoring, however, has been of physical "vital signs", with the monitoring of molecular markers having been limited to glucose, primarily due to the lack of other medically relevant molecules for which continuous measurements are possible in bodily fluids. Electrochemical aptamer sensors, however, have a recent history of successful <i>in vivo</i> demonstrations in rat animal models. Herein, we present the first report of real-time human molecular data collected using such sensors, successfully demonstrating their ability to measure the concentration of phenylalanine in dermal interstitial fluid after an oral bolus. To achieve this, we used a device that employs three hollow microneedles to couple the interstitial fluid to an <i>ex vivo</i>, phenylalanine-detecting sensor. The resulting architecture achieves good precision over the physiological concentration range and clinically relevant, 20 min lag times. By also demonstrating 90 days dry room-temperature shelf storage, the reported work also reaches another important milestone in moving such sensors to the clinic. While the devices demonstrated are not without remaining challenges, the results at minimum provide a simple method by which aptamer sensors can be quickly moved into human subjects for testing.