gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rapid tumor imaging by active background reduction using biotin-bearing liposomes and avidin. (1994)

Tumor imaging with labeled liposomes is slow; although they reach the tumor quickly, their blood clearance is slow, and the high blood background hinders early imaging. We have developed a rapid tumor imaging technique based on the active removal of liposomes from the circulation by using the avidin-biotin system. 67Ga- or 111In-labeled liposomes with biotin molecules bound on the surface were administered to mice bearing sarcoma 180, and avidin was administered 2 h later. The strong affinity between biotin and avidin initiated the aggregation of liposomes, resulting in their rapid removal from the circulation by the reticuloendothelial system, and the blood level of radioactivity was dramatically reduced without any change of the tumor level. Consequently, the tumor:blood ratio reached 14-18 only 2.5 h after liposome injection. Increased accumulation in the liver was also observed. By this method, an acceptable tumor image could be obtained no more than 2 h after administration of labeled liposomes.
Load sharing optimization for parallel and serial compressor stations (2017)

Natural gas pipelines are powered by compressor stations which usually consist of multiple interconnected compressors units ensuring the required operational flexibility. The aim of load sharing optimization is to operate these compressor units in an energy efficient way while at the same time satisfying varying demands. This paper uses a two-step approach to first identify individual compressor performances and secondly to optimize the load distribution among the active set of machines given the up-to-date performance models. The impact of different cost functions on the saving potentials is investigated and the standard parallel arrangement is extended to the case of a serial compressor station. Results are obtained by a simulation case study covering a gas-turbine driven parallel and a serial compressor station with varying gas demands. The optimization results indicate that significant fuel saving potentials are expected for both cases with an improvement of up to almost 5%.
Vector Field k-Means: Clustering Trajectories by Fitting Multiple Vector Fields (2012)

Scientists study trajectory data to understand trends in movement patterns, such as human mobility for traffic analysis and urban planning. There is a pressing need for scalable and efficient techniques for analyzing this data and discovering the underlying patterns. In this paper, we introduce a novel technique which we call vector-field $k$-means. The central idea of our approach is to use vector fields to induce a similarity notion between trajectories. Other clustering algorithms seek a representative trajectory that best describes each cluster, much like $k$-means identifies a representative "center" for each cluster. Vector-field $k$-means, on the other hand, recognizes that in all but the simplest examples, no single trajectory adequately describes a cluster. Our approach is based on the premise that movement trends in trajectory data can be modeled as flows within multiple vector fields, and the vector field itself is what defines each of the clusters. We also show how vector-field $k$-means connects techniques for scalar field design on meshes and $k$-means clustering. We present an algorithm that finds a locally optimal clustering of trajectories into vector fields, and demonstrate how vector-field $k$-means can be used to mine patterns from trajectory data. We present experimental evidence of its effectiveness and efficiency using several datasets, including historical hurricane data, GPS tracks of people and vehicles, and anonymous call records from a large phone company. We compare our results to previous trajectory clustering techniques, and find that our algorithm performs faster in practice than the current state-of-the-art in trajectory clustering, in some examples by a large margin.
P-Frame Transcoding in VC-1 to H.264 Transcoders (2007)

VC-1 is now one of the three video coding standards for high definition DVD that include MPEG-2 and H.264. The coded is expected to be used in consumer electronic devices such as DVD and camcorders. The H.264 format has begun to see strong acceptance and is used in mobile devices such as iPod and mobile phones. While multi-format DVD players are expected to support the three high definition video coding formats, H.264 is expected to have broader support in devices and video download services. The need to move data among devices with different capabilities creates a need for transcoding. In this paper we present a P-frame transcoder for VC-1 to H.264 transcoding. The transcoder exploits the variable size transform used in VC-1 to select the variable block size for motion compensation in H.264. The transcoder reduces the complexity substantially without significant loss in quality.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Biochemical Assays for the Discovery of TDP1 Inhibitors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF - 188K, Suface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) profiles binding for JLT048 and NCGC00183674 to recombinant TDP1 bound to the surface.&lt;/p&gt;
Risk for Late-onset Blood-culture Proven Sepsis in Very-low-birth Weight Infants Born Small for Gestational Age (2013)

SGA contributes to the risk of late-onset sepsis in VLBW infants. Future studies are needed to investigate the underlying pathophysiology to guide individualized preventive measures in this vulnerable subgroup.
All-arthroscopic, guided Eden-Hybbinette procedure using suture-button fixation for revision of failed Latarjet (2019)

Recurrence of anterior shoulder instability after a failed Latarjet procedure can be successfully treated by an all-arthroscopic Eden-Hybbinette procedure. Suture-button fixation is reliable and permits optimal positioning and predictable healing of the new bone graft; in addition, it is an appropriate fixation option in the setting of retained broken hardware.
Heterogeneously integrated GaAs waveguides on insulator for efficient frequency conversion (2018)

Tremendous scientific progress has been achieved through the development of nonlinear integrated photonics. Prominent examples are Kerr-frequency-comb generation in micro-resonators, and supercontinuum generation and frequency conversion in nonlinear photonic waveguides. High conversion efficiency is enabling for applications of nonlinear optics, including such broad directions as high-speed optical signal processing, metrology, and quantum communication and computation. In this work, we demonstrate a gallium-arsenide-on-insulator (GaAs) platform for nonlinear photonics. GaAs has among the highest second- and third-order nonlinear optical coefficients, and use of a silica cladding results in waveguides with a large refractive index contrast and low propagation loss for expanded design of nonlinear processes. By harnessing these properties and developing nanofabrication with GaAs, we report a record normalized second-harmonic efficiency of 13,000% W-1cm-2 at a fundamental wavelength of 2 um. This work paves the way for high performance nonlinear photonic integrated circuits (PICs), which not only can transition advanced functionalities outside the lab through fundamentally reduced power consumption and footprint, but also enables future optical sources and detectors.
Negative dominance and dominance-by-dominance epistatic effects reduce grain-yield heterosis in wide crosses in wheat (2020)

The genetics underlying heterosis, the difference in performance of crosses compared with midparents, is hypothesized to vary with relatedness between parents. We established a unique germplasm comprising three hybrid wheat sets differing in the degree of divergence between parents and devised a genetic distance measure giving weight to heterotic loci. Heterosis increased steadily with heterotic genetic distance for all 1903 hybrids. Midparent heterosis, however, was significantly lower in the hybrids including crosses between elite and exotic lines than in crosses among elite lines. The analysis of the genetic architecture of heterosis revealed this to be caused by a higher portion of negative dominance and dominance-by-dominance epistatic effects. Collectively, these results expand our understanding of heterosis in crops, an important pillar toward global food security.
Table S11 from Transient Depletion of CD4<sup>+</sup> Cells Induces Remodeling of the TCR Repertoire in Gastrointestinal Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table 11&lt;/p&gt;
Cermet materials prepared by combustion synthesis and metal infiltration (2023)

Ceramic-metal composites (cermets) are made by a combination of self-propagating high temperature combustion synthesis and molten metal infiltration. Solid-gas, solid-solid and solid-liquid reactions of a powder compact produce a porous ceramic body which is infiltrated by molten metal to produce a composite body of higher density. AlN-Al and many other materials can be produced.
Supramolecularly regulated copper-bisoxazoline catalysts for the efficient insertion of carbenoid species into hydroxyl bonds (2020)

The catalytic insertion of copper carbenoids into O-H bonds affords synthetically useful α-alkyl/aryl-α-alkoxy/aryloxy derivatives. Herein, the design, preparation and application of supramolecularly regulated copper(i) complexes of bisoxazoline ligands is reported. We have demonstrated that the catalytic performance of these systems can be modulated by the use of an external molecule (i.e. the regulation agent), which interacts with a polyethyleneoxy chain on the ligand (i.e. the regulation site) via supramolecular interactions. This approach has been applied to an array of structurally diverse alcohols (cycloalkyl, alkyl and aryl derivatives). Moreover, we have used this methodology to synthesise advanced synthetic intermediates of biologically relevant compounds.
ImmTACs (2013)

Our expanding knowledge of the immune system is guiding a new era of targeted anticancer therapies. Here, we describe our recent work on a novel class of anticancer agents termed ImmTACs. These molecules combine the power of picomolar-affinity TCR-based antigen recognition with the immune-activating potential of an anti-CD3 antibody fragment, to potently redirect T-cell killing to tumor cells.
A microarchitectural-level step-power analysis tool (2002)

Clock gating is an effective means for reducing average power consumption. However, clock gating can exacerbate maximum cycle-to-cycle current swings, or the step-power (Ldi/dt) problem. We present a microarchitecture-level step-power simulator and demonstrate its use in exploring how design alternatives impact relative step-power levels. We show how the tool can be used to identify major sources of high microprocessor step-power events. Our experiments indicate that branch mispredictions are a major cause of high step-power occurrences. We also show that high step-power events are infrequent which suggest that architectural techniques may limit step-power at potentially low performance cost.
CULTURAL EFFECTS ON DISTANCE LEARNING APPLICATIONS:A COMPARISON OF LONG TERM ORIENTED AND SHORT TERM ORIENTED CULTURES (2007)

We focus on Global Software Development from the usersâ perspective and find that cultural differences impact IS success. With ever expanding globalization, applications are increasingly being accessed by culturally diverse groups. Many times this was not planned by the developers who designed the applications for an assumed homogeneous population Thus, software developers need to take into account the cultural differences of their potential users. This is especially true for Distance Learning (DL) applications in which geographical boundaries virtually disappear. This study focuses on DL applications to demonstrate that culture matters in software development. In this study we use rarely applied cultural dimension of long-term orientation (Hofstede &amp; Bond, 1988; Hofstede, 2001) to investigate the impact culture has on DL success as measured by perceived interaction difficulty, satisfaction, and self-reported learning. Designers of DL applications need to incorporate features that appeal to both short-term and long-term oriented cultures. Short-term oriented cultures value efficiency; therefore, they will tend to prefer tools that streamline the process such as email, automated quiz taking and grading, the ability to submit work online, and applications that load quickly. We expect Mediterranean countries will lean towards the short-term orientation side of the scale and, thus, will value these efficiencies. Long-term oriented cultures value effectiveness; therefore, they will tend to prefer tools that enrich the process such as discussion boards, chat rooms, and perhaps an âelectronic student loungeâ with the ability to exchange bios, stories, and pictures. We expect some Mediterranean countries will also appreciate these tools.
Direct numerical and large-eddy simulation of trefoil knotted vortices (2021)

Abstract
Dried-Plasma Transport Using a Novel Matrix and Collection System for Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Hepatitis C Virus Virologic Testing (2009)

A novel method for the collection and transportation of dried-blood-plasma samples, SampleTanker (ST), was developed and compared to standard shipping protocols for frozen-plasma specimens containing human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and/or hepatitis C virus (HCV). Matched frozen and dried 1-ml EDTA-containing plasma samples were collected and analyzed by several molecular-based virologic assays. After addition of 1.175 ml of reconstitution buffer, 1.035 ml of dried plasma was recovered. Mean intra-assay variances were 0.05, 0.05, and 0.06 log(10) copies/ml for the Versant, Amplicor, and NucliSens QT HIV-1 load assays, respectively (P, not significant). However, mean HIV-1 viral load was consistently reduced in dried samples by 0.32 to 0.51 log(10) copies/ml, depending on assay type (P < 0.05). Infectious HIV-1 was not recovered from dried ST plasma. There was no significant difference in HIV-1 viral load results obtained using ST after 8 weeks of storage at ambient temperature. Compared to frozen plasma, HIV-1 genotypic results were >99% concordant at the nucleotide and amino acid levels, as well as for resistance-associated mutations. We further demonstrated successful detection of multiple analytes, including HIV-1 viral load, HIV-1 antiretroviral resistance genotype, and HCV genotype, from a single ST unit. Dried plasma collected with ST yielded comparable results to frozen samples for multiple-analyte clinical testing. As such, ST could be a useful alternative for virologic tests and clinical trials worldwide by significantly diminishing transportation cost and the sample volume restrictions associated with dried-blood-spot technology.
FusionViewer: An Open Source Toolkit for Viewing Multimodality Images (2008)

FusionViewer is an open source and platform independent viewer that has been specifically designed for PET/CT image display. The combination of PET and CT images offers complementary functional and anatomical information. The application (FusionViewer) facilitates efficient visualization and analysis of PET/CT studies via different viewing modes (linked cursor display, alpha-blend mode, checkerboard mode and split window mode). FusionViewer is implemented in Java and uses the Java OpenGL (JOGL) library and the Insight Segmentation and Registration Toolkit (ITK) library, which make it both a fast and cross-platform application. Its intuitive graphical user interface makes it easy to be used by physicians, radiologists, and research scientists. Several analysis and display tools are already available (navigator, zoom, pan, screen snapshot, ROI, and line measure tool; alpha-blending, checkerboard display, and split window display). Along with PET/CT, several other modalities where co-registered images are often visualized simultaneously have benefited from the use of this software.
High data rate coherent optical slot switched networks: a practical and technological perspective (2015)

We review several node architectures for optical slot switching ring networks, which can be used in metropolitan or datacenter applications, and compare them for their networking aspects. The dimensioning, quality of service, latency, and protection issues are discussed for the different approaches. The main devices, i.e. fast wavelength-tunable laser, burst-mode coherent receiver (which is required to enable high data rate transmission at 100 Gb/s and above), and a slot blocker for improved wavelength usage efficiency are described, and available technologies for each key building block are reviewed.
Toll-like receptor 8 agonist nanoparticles mimic immunomodulating effects of the live BCG vaccine and enhance neonatal innate and adaptive immune responses (2017)

TLR8 agonist-encapsulating polymersomes hold substantial potential for early-life immunization against intracellular pathogens. Overall, our study represents a novel approach for rational design of early-life vaccines.
Survival benefit of a low ratio of visceral to subcutaneous adipose tissue depends on LDL clearance versus production in sepsis (2018)

Low LDL levels per se are not simply associated with decreased sepsis survival because lowering LDL levels by inhibiting LDL production (statin treatment) is associated with adverse outcomes, while increased LDL clearance (PCSK9 loss-of-function genotype) is associated with improved outcomes in patients with low VAT/SAT.
Multi‐species richness of boreal agricultural landscapes: effects of climate, biotope, soil and geographical location (2006)

Abstract Aim To assess the relative importance of climate, biotope and soil variables as well as geographical location for the species richness of plants, butterflies, day‐active macromoths and wild bees in boreal agricultural landscapes. Location A total of 68 agricultural landscapes located in southern Finland. Methods Generalized linear mixed models were used to analyse the effects of environmental (climate, biotope and soil) and spatial (latitude and longitude) variables on species richness of four taxa in 136 study squares of 0.25 km 2 . Using partial regression, the variation in species richness was decomposed into the purely environmental fraction; the spatially structured environmental fraction; and the purely spatial fraction, including variables retained in cubic trend surface regression. Results Species richness of all taxa was positively correlated with temperature. Species richness of plants and butterflies was also positively correlated with the heterogeneity of landscape. The extent of low‐intensity agricultural land and forest had a positive effect, and the extent of cultivated field a negative effect on the species richness of these taxa. The effect of soil characteristics on the number of observed species was negligible for all taxa. The greatest part of the explained variation for all taxa was accounted for by the pure effect of geographical location. To a somewhat lesser extent, the species richness of plants, butterflies and bees was also related to the effects of spatially structured environmental variables, and the species richness of macromoths to the effects of environmental variables. Main conclusions Multi‐species richness of boreal agricultural landscapes at the scale of 0.25 km 2 was associated with the heterogeneity of the local landscape. However, large‐scale geographical variation in species richness was also observed, which indicates the importance of climate and geographical location for the taxa studied. These results highlight the fact that, even on a landscape scale, geographical factors should be taken into account in biodiversity studies. Heterogeneous agricultural landscapes, including forest and non‐crop biotopes, should be preserved or restored to maintain biodiversity.
Heterodyne swept-source optical coherence tomography for complete complex conjugate ambiguity removal (2005)

Fourier domain techniques have increasingly gained attention in the optical coherence tomography field. This is mainly due to demonstrated sensitivities of two to three orders of magnitude greater than conventional time domain techniques. FDOCT images are plagued with two sources of ambiguity and artifact. First, complex conjugate ambiguity arises from the Fourier transform of the real-valued interferometric signal. This ambiguity causes a superposition of reflectors at positive and negative pathlength differences between the sample and reference reflectors. Secondly, the source spectral shape and sample autocorrelation terms appear at DC, there by obscuring reflectors at zero pathlength difference. In this paper, we show that heterodyne detection in swept-source OCT (SSOCT) allows for the resolution of complex conjugate ambiguity and the removal of spectral and autocorrelation artifacts. We show that frequency shifting of the reference arm optical field, by use of acousto-optic modulators, upshifts the cross-interferometric signal to a user-tunable electronic frequency that corresponds to a adjustable electronic pathlength mismatch between the interferometer arms. This electronic pathlength mismatching recenters the A-scan at an offset that can be far from DC, which effectively resolves the complex conjugate ambiguity problem. Additionally, spectral and autocorrelation terms still reside near DC, which allows them to be removed by high-pass filtering. We also show that complex conjugate ambiguity resolution via frequency shifting is immune to falloff induced by finite source linewidth in SSOCT.
Source wavelet correction for practical Marchenko imaging: A sub‐salt field‐data example from the Gulf of Mexico (2019)

ABSTRACT Imaging a target zone below a salt body can be challenging because large velocity contrasts in the overburden between the salt and surrounding sediments generate internal multiples, which interfere with primary reflections from the target level in the imaging process. This can lead to an erroneous interpretation of reflections in the sub‐salt area if multiples are misinterpreted as primaries. The Marchenko redatuming method may enable imaging of the sub‐salt target area where the effect of the multiply‐scattering overburden is removed. This is achieved by creating a redatumed reflection response where virtual sources and receivers are located below the overburden using a macromodel of the velocity field and the surface reflection data. The accuracy of the redatumed data and the associated internal multiple removal, however, depends on the accurate knowledge of the source wavelet of the acquired reflection data. For the first time, we propose a method which can accurately and reliably correct the amplitudes of the reflection response in field data as required by the Marchenko method. Our method operates by iteratively and automatically updating the source function so as to cancel the most artefact energy in the focusing functions, which are also generated by the Marchenko method. We demonstrate the method on a synthetic dataset and successfully apply it to a field dataset acquired in a deep‐water salt environment in the Gulf of Mexico. After the successful source wavelet estimation for the field dataset, we create sub‐salt target‐oriented images with Marchenko redatumed data. Marchenko images using the proposed source wavelet estimation show clear improvements, such as increased continuity of reflectors, compared to surface‐based images and to conventional Marchenko images computed without the inverted source wavelet. Our improvements are corroborated by evidence in the literature and our own synthetic results.
Preparation of 2,4-dimethyldecane, 5-n-propylnonane, 2-methyl-5-ethylnonane, and 3- and 4-ethyldecanes (2004)

Paraffins 8, 15, 24, 35, and 41 were each prepared in three steps from the respective carbonyl precursors. Structural elucidation of these was performed using detailed 13 C NMR analysis.