gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Force-time Curves of a Rotary Tablet Press. Interpretation of the Compressibility of a Modified Starch Containing Various Amounts of Moisture (1996)

On a rotary tablet press, the force-time curves are segmented into three phases: the compression phase, the dwell phase during which both stress and strain are variable for plastically deforming materials and the decompression phase. The following seven parameters were investigated: the compression area (A1) and the compression slope (Slc) describing the initial phase, the area ratio (AR) and the peak offset time (t(off)) characterizing the dwell time, the decompression area (A4) and the decompression slope (Sld) describing the terminal phase and the total area under the force-time curve (Atot). AR, t(off), Slc and A1 (the last with limitations) are used for phase-specific allocation of the occurrence of plastic flow, which is found to be a function of compression force and moisture content. Tablet strength, tablet porosity and in-die bulk porosity provide additional information for comprehensive interpretation. The values of A4 for the four starch batches are not significantly different. Sld provides somewhat better information about the elastic compact recovery. In general, however, the short decompression phase seems to be inappropriate for characterization by force-time curve parameters, because it is difficult to separate machine recovery from that of the tablet. Porosity above the porosity limit of the material was found to be a prerequisite for plastic flow within the compact. When the porosity limit is reached, further densification remains elastic and leads to a reduced compact strength during expansion. The area ratio, as a robust in-process control parameter for plastically flowing formulations, is suggested as a means of preventing this effect.
Effective resource management for enhancing performance of 2D and 3D stencils on GPUs (2016)

GPUs are an attractive target for data parallel stencil computations prevalent in scientific computing and image processing applications. Many tiling schemes, such as overlapped tiling and split tiling, have been proposed in past to improve the performance of stencil computations. While effective for 2D stencils, these techniques do not achieve the desired improvements for 3D stencils due to the hardware constraints of GPU.
Induction of Remission with Adalimumab in Patients with Moderate Crohnʼs Disease: Subanalysis of CLASSIC I (2011)

Purpose: CLASSIC I,1 a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging trial, demonstrated that adalimumab (ADA) 160 mg at week 0, followed by 80 mg at week 2 is the optimal induction regimen in anti-TNFnaïve patients with moderate to severe Crohn's disease (CD). It also showed that patients with baseline C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration ≥10 mg/L achieved higher rates of clinical remission (CDAI score <150) at week 4. Methods: This post hoc analysis evaluated efficacy in patients with moderate CD (baseline CDAI≤300) and whether elevated (CRP≥10 mg/L) in this subgroup would similarly improve efficacy, compared with results for patients with severe CD. Clinical remission at week 4 was assessed for patients who received induction with ADA (160 mg/80 mg or 80 mg/40 mg) or placebo in CLASSIC I. Patients with the following characteristics were included in the analysis: baseline CRP≥10 mg/L; moderate CD (baseline CDAI≤300); moderate CD with baseline CRP≥10 mg/L; severe CD (baseline CDAI>300); and severe CD with baseline CRP≥10 mg/L. Results: A greater proportion of patients treated with ADA induction (160 mg/80 mg) achieved clinical remission compared with patients treated with placebo (Table). The highest efficacy was seen in patients with moderate CD and elevated baseline CRP, with more than half achieving clinical remission after induction with ADA 160 mg/80 mg.Table: Table. Percent of patients in clinical remission at week 4Conclusion: In CLASSIC I, ADA 160 mg/80 mg was effective at inducing remission in all subgroups studied, including the subgroup of patients with moderate CD. In this subgroup, high baseline CRP was associated with substantially higher remission rates. This analysis suggests that patients with moderate disease can be treated effectively with adalimumab, especially when there is evidence of inflammation. Prospective studies are warranted to confirm these findings.
Heterogeneous delivery is a barrier to the translational advancement of oncolytic virotherapy for treating solid tumors (2014)

Oncolytic viruses are a promising experimental anticancer therapy currently undergoing clinical translation. The development of oncolytic virotherapy offers a potential solution to the elusive "one-shot" cancer cure by providing targeted therapy to selectively infect and kill cancer cells while provoking adaptive anticancer immune responses as protection against distant metastasis and recurrent tumor challenge. While this technology has overcome barriers to safety and efficacy through cancer-specific targeting techniques, in order to reach full therapeutic potential, oncolytic therapies must still overcome barriers to intratumoral delivery and spread that result in heterogeneous intratumoral delivery and nonuniform response. This review will discuss barriers to oncolytic virotherapy translation related to mechanisms of delivering virus via tumor vasculature and distributing virus throughout the tumor microenvironment. Barriers include extravasation into the tumor that is dependent on adequate blood flow, tissue perfusion, and tumoral enhanced permeability and retention for transvascular transport. Subsequently, virions must undergo interstitial transport against dense stromal barriers and high interstitial fluid pressure to initiate infection. In order to achieve massive tumor regression, infection must spread to cover large volumes of tumor mass. Furthermore, virus bioavailability is quickly dampened upon systemic administration due to neutralization and sequestration. These barriers to delivery limit the amount of virus that effectively reaches and spreads within the tumor, forcing dose increases that impinge upon limits of production and increase possibility of adverse events. Techniques to overcome these barriers are discussed but largely remain to be translated into clinical use.
Optically high transparency and light color of organosoluble polyamides containing trifluoromethyl and kink diphenylmethylene linkage (2005)

Abstract New polyamides were prepared directly from a diamine, bis[4‐(2‐trifluoromethyl 4‐aminophenoxy)phenyl] diphenylmethane, containing an electron‐withdrawing trifluoromethyl group and a kink diphenylmethylene linkage with various aromatic dicarboxylic acids having inherent viscosities ranging from 0.66 to 0.83 dL g −1 . All the polyamides showed outstanding solubility and could be easily dissolved in amide‐type polar aprotic solvents (e.g., N ‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidinone, N,N ‐dimethylacetamide, and N,N ‐dimethylformamide) and even dissolved in less polar solvents (e.g., pyridine, cyclohexanone, and tetrahydrofuran). The dielectric constants of the polyamide films were 3.37–3.87 (100 KHz) and decreased with an increase in the frequency, which ranged from 1 Hz to 100 KHz. A low coefficient of thermal expansion for the polyamides was observed in the range of 54–78 ppm/°C (by thermomechanical analysis). These polyamides showed excellent thermal stability, and the 10% weight loss temperatures were in the range of 484–507 °C in an atmosphere of nitrogen. The polymers had an initial modulus of 1.8–2.2 GPa. The polyamides with kink and electron‐withdrawing trifluoromethyl units afforded light‐color polymer films with high transmittance in the visible region (400–700 nm), and their cutoff wavelength was lower than 362 nm. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 4559–4569, 2005
Noise suppression analysis and 3‐D data acquisition geometries (1999)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1999Noise suppression analysis and 3‐D data acquisition geometriesAuthors: A. W. F. VolkerG. BlacquièreL. OngkiehongA. W. F. VolkerDelft University of Technology, G. BlacquièreDelft University of Technology, and L. OngkiehongDelft University of Technologyhttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1820724 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1820724FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByRefraction microtremors: Data analysis and diagnostics of key hypothesesClaudio Strobbia and Giorgio Cassiani29 April 2011 | GEOPHYSICS, Vol. 76, No. 3 SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1999ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1999 Pages: 2061 publication data© 1999 Copyright © 1999 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished: 04 Jan 2005 CITATION INFORMATION A. W. F. Volker, G. Blacquière, and L. Ongkiehong, (1999), "Noise suppression analysis and 3‐D data acquisition geometries," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 1212-1215. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1820724 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Recent Progress of Pixel Detector R&D based on SOI Technology (2012)

We are developing truly monolithic pixel detectors with a 0.2 μm silicon-on-insulator (SOI) CMOS technology, which is intended to be utilized in various research fields, such as high-energy physics, X-ray material analysis, astrophysics and medical sciences. In the development project, KEK has organized several Multi Project Wafer (MPW) runs and the process has been incrementally improved. Czochralski (CZ-) and Float-Zone (FZ-) silicon has been used as a starting material for the detector fabrication. Using FZ-SOI wafers, the detectors worked at full depletion below the breakdown voltage. The up-to-date integration-type pixel detector with 14 μm pixel size has excellent spatial resolution.
Outcome and Human Epithelial Growth Factor Receptor (HER) 1-4 status in invasive breast carcinomas with proliferation indices evaluated using bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labelling (2004)

These results support the hypothesis that HER1-3 are associated with driving tumour proliferation, whereas HER4 is involved in a non-proliferative or even protective role.
Asymmetric Catalysis of the [5 + 2] Cycloaddition Reaction of Vinylcyclopropanes and π-Systems (2006)

As part of our studies of metal-catalyzed [m + n (+...o)] cycloadditions, we have previously reported the rhodium-catalyzed [5 + 2] cycloaddition of vinylcyclopropanes (VCPs) and pi-systems. These studies have led to Rh(I) complexes that catalyze these reactions in minutes at room temperature or in water without organic solvents. We describe a comparative evaluation of several chiral catalysts for the [5 + 2] reaction, evaluation of a preferred catalyst, [((R)-BINAP)Rh]+SbF6-, with substrates differing in substitution and tether types-producing enantiomeric excesses >/=95% for several systems. A predictive model for the selectivity is also presented.
Crystal fibers for laser sources (2023)

Rare-earth-doped fibers with single-crystal cores have the potential for 10x higher TMI threshold than their glass counterparts and are a promising candidate for use as gain media in high-power laser systems. Their utility has been limited by parasitic optical losses and difficulty in fabrication. This paper explores methods of fabrication of the fibers including core growth via LHPG and application of cladding materials.
Legends for supplementary figures from Combination Therapy Targeting BCL6 and Phospho-STAT3 Defeats Intratumor Heterogeneity in a Subset of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancers (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Legends for the supplementary figures.&lt;/p&gt;
Simulate_PCR for amplicon prediction and annotation from multiplex, degenerate primers and probes (2014)

Simulate_PCR is the only freely available software that can be run from the command line for high throughput applications which can calculate all products from large lists of primers and probes compared to a large sequence database such as nt. It requires no prior knowledge of how primers should be paired. Degenerate bases are allowed and entire amplicon sequences are extracted and annotated with gene information. Examples are provided for sets of TaqMan®/Luminex® PCR signatures predicted to amplify all HIV-1 genomes, all Coronaviridae genomes, and a group of antibiotic resistance genes. The software is a command line perl script freely available as open source.
ChemInform Abstract: ACTIVATED ALKYNES AS PARTNERS IN PICTET‐SPENGLER CONDENSATIONS (1984)

Abstract Aus den Tryptaminen (I) entstehen mit Aoetylendicarbonsäureestern (Ü) über Enamin‐Zwischenstufen′ die Tetrahydro‐carboline (III).
RET masks for the final frontier of optical lithography (2005)

With immersion and hyper numerical aperture (NA>1) optics apply to the ITRS 2003/4 roadmap scenario (Figure 1); it is very clear that the IC manufacturing has already stepped into the final frontier of optical lithography. Today’s advanced lithography for DRAM/Flash is operating at k<sub>1</sub> close to 0.3. The manufacturing for leading edge logic devices does not follow too far behind. Patterning at near theoretical lithography imaging limit (k<sub>1</sub>=0.25) even with hyper NA optics, the attainable aerial image contrast is marginal at best for the critical feature. Thus, one of the key objectives for low k<sub>1</sub> lithography is to ensure the printing performance of critical features for manufacturing. Resolution enhancement technology (RET) mask in combination with hyper NA and illumination optimization is one primary candidate to enable lithography manufacturing at very low k<sub>1</sub> factor. The use of rule-based Scattering Bars (SB) for all types of phase-shifting masks has become the de facto OPC standard since 180nm node. Model-based SB OPC method derives from interference mapping lithography (IML) has shown impressive printing result for both clear (gate) and dark field (contact and via) mask types. There are four basic types of RET mask candidates for 65nm node, namely, alternating phase-shifting mask (altPSM), attenuated PSM (attPSM), chromeless phase lithography (CPL) PSM, and double dipole lithography (DDL) using binary chrome mask. The wafer printing performances from CPL and DDL have proven both are strong candidates for 45nm nodes. One concern for using RET masks to target 45 nm nodes is likely to be the scaling for SB dimension for 4X mask. To assist imaging effectively with high NA, SB cannot be too small in width. However, for SB to be larger than sub-resolution, they can easily cause unwanted SB printing. The other major concern is the unwanted side lobe printing. This may occur for semi-dense pitch ranges under high NA and strong off-axis-illumination (OAI). Looking ahead, for manufacturing at 45 nm and 32nm nodes, one challenge is to break through the so-called k<sub>1</sub> barrier (0.25). Multiple exposure schemes in conjunction with RET masks is our proposed solution
Electroluminescent Behaviors in Multilayer Thin-Film Electroluminescent Devices Using 9,10-Bisstyrylanthracene Derivatives (1994)

Using nine 9,10-bisstyrylanthracene derivatives (BSA's) with different substituents as emission layer materials, multilayer electroluminescent (EL) devices were fabricated. Among nine BSA's, three BSA's were found to exhibit high EL performance. Four types of devices, a single-layer device with a BSA emission layer, two types of two-layer devices in which BSA emission layers were combined with a triphenylamine dimer as a hole transport layer or an oxadiazole derivative as an electron transport layer, and a three-layer device, were fabricated using the three BSA's. The relationships between the device structures and EL performances of these devices were studied. Ionization potential values in vacuum-deposited films of BSA's were measured. It was found that the introduction of an electron withdrawing group increased electron injection/transport capability, and that of electron donating groups increased hole injection/transport capability. The relative EL efficiencies of various devices were discussed in terms of the electronic nature of BSA's.
Design and Implementation of Real-Time Software Radio for Anti-Interference GPS/WAAS Sensors (2012)

Adaptive antenna array processing is widely known to provide significant anti-interference capabilities within a Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) receiver. A main challenge in the quest for such receiver architecture has always been the computational/processing requirements. Even more demanding would be to try and incorporate the flexibility of the Software-Defined Radio (SDR) design philosophy in such an implementation. This paper documents a feasible approach to a real-time SDR implementation of a beam-steered GNSS receiver and validates its performance. This research implements a real-time software receiver on a widely-available x86-based multi-core microprocessor to process four-element antenna array data streams sampled with 16-bit resolution. The software receiver is capable of 12 channels all-in-view Controlled Reception Pattern Antenna (CRPA) array processing capable of rejecting multiple interferers. Single Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD) instructions assembly coding and multithreaded programming, the key to such an implementation to reduce computational complexity, are fully documented within the paper. In conventional antenna array systems, receivers use the geometry of antennas and cable lengths known in advance. The documented CRPA implementation is architected to operate without extensive set-up and pre-calibration and leverages Space-Time Adaptive Processing (STAP) to provide adaptation in both the frequency and space domains. The validation component of the paper demonstrates that the developed software receiver operates in real time with live Global Positioning System (GPS) and Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) L1 C/A code signal. Further, interference rejection capabilities of the implementation are also demonstrated using multiple synthetic interferers which are added to the live data stream.
4H-SiC Device Scaling Development on Repaired Micropipe Substrates (2000)

A major obstacle to commercial insertion of silicon carbide device technology into power electronics is the presence of hollow-core defects, known as micropipes, in the substrate material. Although considerable progress has been made to reduce the micropipe density to less than 100 per cm, the continuing presence of these defects is widely believed to be a limiting factor in the development of large-area devices. Additionally, the presence of large numbers of closed-core screw dislocations, dislocation defects and other defects contribute to poor scaling of SiC power devices [1]. A process to reduce the micropipe density by filling the defects with silicon carbide and covering the repaired material with a Liquid Phase Epitaxy (LPE) layer has been developed at TDI, Inc. [2-5]. Large area Schottky diode device performance on SiC epi layers grown using Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) on both conventional and repaired substrates at the Emerging Materials Research Laboratory (EMRL) have also been reported [6]. One result of these early experiments was a significant improvement in the surface morphology (reduction of step-bunching in the LPE layer) of the reduced micropipe substrate material. More recently, a transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigation of TDI’s micropipe reduction method with CVD epi has suggested that few dislocations may be generated at the LPE/CVD interface [7].
Di-cationic arylimidamides act against Neospora caninum tachyzoites by interference in membrane structure and nucleolar integrity and are active against challenge infection in mice (2012)

Neospora caninum is considered to be the main cause of bovine abortion in Europe and the USA, leading to considerable financial impact. Losses are caused directly by abortions or indirectly through breeding of calves with impaired viability. Due to the lack of effective chemotherapy against bovine neosporosis, there is a need to develop new anti-protozoal compounds, which would either eliminate the parasite or avoid its transmission. In order to identify compounds of interest, the in vitro activities of 41 di-cationic pentamidine derivatives were studied employing a transgenic N. caninum clone expressing beta-galactosidase as a reporter gene. The arylimidamide DB745, previously shown to be highly active against Leishmania donovani in vitro and in vivo, appeared as the most promising compound, with an IC50 of 80 nM in 3-day growth assays and severely affecting both host cell invasion as well as intracellular proliferation. TEM of intracellular tachyzoites identified distinct alterations related to the nucleolus and the nuclear and cellular membrane. Long-term growth assays showed that DB745 acted parasiticidal upon the Nc-Liv isolate, but not against the Nc-1 isolate of N. caninum. In vivo studies in N. caninum (Nc-1 isolate) infected mice showed that daily intraperitoneal application of DB745 for a period of 14 days resulted in a decreased number of clinically affected animals, and lower cerebral parasite burdens in DB745-treated mice compared to non-treated mice. These results illustrate the potential of dicationic arylimidamides for the treatment of N. caninum infections.
Polysaccharides as Drug Carriers (1987)

The activation of dextran and inulin by periodate oxidation, succinoylation and reaction with 4-nitrophenyl chloroformate was investigated. Hemiacetal formation during periodate oxidation of inulin caused only 50 percent of the aldehydes that were generated to be accessible for reaction with nucleophiles. Evidence was shown for the formation of different types of carbonates during the chloroformate activation of dextran. Model compounds of dextran were prepared using these activation procedures. Subsequent degradation by dextranase indicated a decrease of the rate of degradation for increasing degree of substitution.