gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Weekly symptom profiles of nonhospitalized individuals infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 during the Omicron outbreak in Hong Kong: A retrospective observational study from a telemedicine center (2022)

Omicron BA.2.2 is the dominant variant in the Hong Kong outbreak since December 31, 2021. There is no study reporting the weekly symptom profile after infection. In this retrospective study, participants who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 after December 31, 2021, and registered in the telemedicine system between March 14 and May 6, 2022, were analyzed. Among registered 12 950 self-quarantined COVID-19-positive patients, 11 776 symptomatic patients were included for weekly symptom profile analysis. A total of 4718 (40.1%) patients reported symptoms in the first week after a positive test, 2501 (21.2%) in the second week, 1498 (12.7%) in the third week, 1048 (8.9%) in the fourth week, and 2011 (17.1%) in over 4 weeks. Cough was the most common symptom in all participants. Patients in the first week had higher odds of reporting fever (0.206, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.161-0.263, p < 0.001) and sore throat (0.228, 95% CI: 0.208-0.252, p < 0.001). Patients in over 4 weeks had higher odds of reporting fatigue (1.263, 95% CI: 1.139-1.402, p < 0.001). Further, having at least two vaccine doses linked to lower odds of having fever (0.675, 95% CI: 0.562-0.811, p < 0.001), but not associated with the presence of cough and fatigue. Diabetic patients had higher odds of reporting diarrhea (1.637, 95% CI: 1.351-1.982, p < 0.001). Symptoms from Omicron infection may last for more than 4 weeks and symptom profiles vary from week to week. Vaccination and comorbidity affect the symptom profiles.
Low temperature light microscopy and its application to study freezing in aqueous solutions and biological cell suspensions (1986)

The freezing of biological cell suspensions can be understood in terms of ice formation in the external suspension medium and the cellular reactions to the changing environment. Cryomicroscopy allows a quantitative analysis of both categories of phenomena. Besides freezing stages of appropriate thermal design, the components used for that purpose include a microcomputer (PSI 80) based control system, an image analysis system (Intellect 100) and a spectrophotometer (MPV compact). The investigation of extracellular ice formation is focused on the following effects: The redistribution of solutes in the residual liquid and the resulting concentration profiles are determined photometrically or densitometrically. The transitions between various morphologies of the ice-liquid phase boundary (planar-cellular-dendritic) can be related to interface instability theories. With respect to solute segregation, the studies also involve the formation of bubbles from supersaturated gaseous solutes and freezing potentials resulting from the differential incorporation of cations and anions into the solid phase. The interaction between particles or cells and the advancing ice front is determined from critical interface velocities marking the transition between repulsion and entrapment. The effects of freezing on biological cells are studied mainly with blood cells, especially lymphocytes. The water efflux due to osmotical gradients across the membrane yields volume shrinkage curves which are recorded and analysed from video images for various cooling rates. Beyond a certain threshold cooling rate, intracellular ice starts to form, and different crystallization morphologies can be detected. The intracellular crystallization temperatures depend on cooling and warming rates as well as on the presence of penetrating cryoadditives. A fluorescence viability is used to determine the percentage of damaged cells immediately after thawing.
EXISTENCE AND STABILITY OF ALMOST PERIODIC SOLUTIONS TO DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS WITH PIECEWISE CONSTANT ARGUMENTS (2015)

This work concerns the existence of almost periodic solutions for certain differential equations with piecewise constant arguments. The coefficients of these equations are almost periodic and the equation can be seen as perturbations of a linear equation satisfying an exponential dichotomy on a difference equation. The stability of that solution on a semi-axis is also studied.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Biomimetic hydrogen evolution catalyzed by an iron carbonyl thiolate. (2001)

No abstract available PMID: 11562244
A Language Framework for Privacy (2012)

Little empirical research exists about highly effective psychotherapists, and none about the factors that mediate the acquisition and maintenance of superior performance skills (e.g., Ericsson, 1996, 2006; Ericsson, Krampe, & Tesch-Romer, 1993). In the full sample, a 3-level multilevel modeling (Level 1: clients; Level 2: therapists; Level 3: organization types) of practitioner outcomes was used to examine the contribution of the therapist to treatment effectiveness. Consistent with prior research, in the full sample (n = 69 therapists; n = 4,580 clients) it was found that therapist effects explained 5.1% of the variance in outcome, after adjusting for initial severity. Therapist gender, caseload, and age were not found to be significant predictors. In a subsample of therapists, the relationship between outcome and therapist demographic variables, professional development activities, and work practices was analyzed (n = 17 therapists, n = 1,632 clients). Therapist characteristics (e.g., years of experience, gender, age, profession, highest qualification, caseload, degree of theoretical integration) did not significantly predict client-reported outcomes. Consistent with the literature on expertise and expert performance, the amount of time spent targeted at improving therapeutic skills was a significant predictor of client outcomes. Further, highly effective therapists indicated requiring more effort in reviewing therapy recordings alone than did the rest of the cohort. Caveats and implications for clinical practice, continuing professional development, and training are discussed.
Preferred Conformation of C-Lactose at the Free and Peanut Lectin Bound States (1998)

A conformational analysis of methyl α-C-lactoside (5) is carried out (Table 1), which suggests the preferred solution conformation of 5 to be described as a mixture of conformers A (φ = 300°; ψ = 60°) and B (φ = 300°; ψ = 300°) to a first approximation. Applying a modified Karplus equation for the vicinal coupling constants observed for the H.a and H.1‘ protons of 5, the dihedral angle (φ = O.5‘−C.1‘−C.a−C.4) was deduced to be approximately +280°. Nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) experiments were then conducted on 5-D2 and its parent methyl α-O-lactoside in a 7:3 mixture of pyridine-d5 and methanol-d4, qualitatively demonstrating that the conformational characteristics of both methyl α-C- and α-O-lactosides at the free states are represented as a mixture of two conformers A and B, but their relative population may be different. Through X-ray analysis, it has been definitively established that the conformation (φ = 297(7)° and ψ = 120(2)°) of C-lactose bound to peanut lectin is practically identical to the conformation (φ = 291(6)° and ψ = 118(9)°) of its parent O-lactose bound to the same protein.
Accounting for Ion Pairing Effects on Sulfate Salt Sorption in Cation Exchange Membranes (2023)

Ion exchange membranes (IEMs) are frequently used in water treatment and electrochemical applications, with their ion separation properties largely governed by equilibrium ion partitioning between a membrane and contiguous solution. Despite an expansive literature on IEMs, the influence of electrolyte association (i.e., ion pairing) on ion sorption remains relatively unexplored. In this study, salt sorption in two commercial cation exchange membranes equilibrated with 0.01-1.0 M MgSO<sub>4</sub> and Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> is investigated experimentally and theoretically. Association measurements of salt solutions using conductometric experiments and the Stokes-Einstein approximation show significant concentrations of ion pairs in MgSO<sub>4</sub> and Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> relative to those in simple electrolytes (i.e., NaCl), which is consistent with prior studies of sulfate salts. The Manning/Donnan model, developed and validated for halide salts in previous studies, substantially underpredicts sulfate sorption measurements, presumably due to ion pairing effects not accounted for in this established theory. These findings suggest that ion pairing can enhance salt sorption in IEMs due to partitioning of reduced valence species. By reformulating the Donnan and Manning models, a theoretical framework for predicting salt sorption in IEMs that explicitly considers electrolyte association is developed. Remarkably, theoretical predictions of sulfate sorption are improved by over an order of magnitude by accounting for ion speciation. In some cases, good quantitative agreement is observed between theoretical and experimental values for external salt concentrations between 0.1 and 1.0 M using no adjustable parameters.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Redox Isomerization of Hydroxy Alkynes to trans keto and Hydroxy Vinyl Esters. A Short and Stereoselective Synthesis of Dipeptide Isosters. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
AVIS en réponse à la saisine1 091201-saisine HCB-info compl oeillets concernant notamment le dossier C/NL/09/01 (2010)

Paris, le 14 octobre 2010 A V I S en réponse à la saisine 1 091201-saisine HCB-info compl oeillets concernant notamment le dossier C/NL/09/01. Le Haut Conseil des biotechnologies (HCB) a été saisi le 5 décembre 2009 par les autorités compétentes françaises (le Ministère de l'alimentation, de l'agriculture et de la pêche) d'une demande d'avis relative à une évaluation du dossier C/NL/09/01 de demande d'importation d'oeillets sous forme de fleurs coupées à des fins ornementales. Ce dossier a été déposé par la société Florigene Pty Limited dans le cadre de la directive 2001/18/CE auprès des autorités compétentes hollandaises, sous la référence C/NL/09/01. La saisine du HCB correspondante est référencée 091221-saisine HCB-info compl oeillets. Le Comité scientifique (CS) 2 du HCB a procédé à l'examen du dossier le 3 septembre 2010 sous la présidence de Jean-Christophe Pagès. 1 La saisine « 091221-saisine HCB-info compl oeillets » est reproduite dans l'Annexe 1. 2 La composition du CS ainsi que le rapporteur externe ayant contribué à l'élaboration de l'avis sont indiqués dans l'Annexe 2.
Primary Cilia Negatively Regulate Melanogenesis in Melanocytes and Pigmentation in a Human Skin Model (2016)

The primary cilium is an organelle protruding from the cell body that senses external stimuli including chemical, mechanical, light, osmotic, fluid flow, and gravitational signals. Skin is always exposed to the external environment and responds to external stimuli. Therefore, it is possible that primary cilia have an important role in skin. Ciliogenesis was reported to be involved in developmental processes in skin, such as keratinocyte differentiation and hair formation. However, the relation between skin pigmentation and primary cilia is largely unknown. Here, we observed that increased melanogenesis in melanocytes treated with a melanogenic inducer was inhibited by a ciliogenesis inducer, cytochalasin D, and serum-free culture. However, these inhibitory effects disappeared in GLI2 knockdown cells. In addition, activation of sonic hedgehog (SHH)-smoothened (Smo) signaling pathway by a Smo agonist, SAG inhibited melanin synthesis in melanocytes and pigmentation in a human skin model. On the contrary, an inhibitor of primary cilium formation, ciliobrevin A1, activated melanogenesis in melanocytes. These results suggest that skin pigmentation may be regulated partly by the induction of ciliogenesis through Smo-GLI2 signaling.
Networks with advance reservations: the routing perspective (2002)

This paper provides an initial look at how support for advance reservations affects the complexity of the path selection process in networks. Advance reservations are likely to become increasingly important as networks and distributed applications become functionally richer and there have been a number of previous works and investigations that explored various related aspects. However, the impact or advance reservations on path selection is a topic that has been left largely untouched. This paper investigates several service models for advance reservations, which range from the traditional basic model of reserving a given amount of bandwidth for some time in the future, to more sophisticated models aimed at increasing the flexibility of services available through advance reservations. The focus is primarily on the issue of computational complexity when supporting advance reservations, and in that context, we derive a number of algorithms and/or intractability results for the various models we consider.
Visualization of Oxygen Partial Pressure and Numerical Simulation of a Running Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell with Straight Flow Channels to Elucidate Reaction Distributions (2015)

Abstract Visualization of the oxygen partial pressure ( p O(2) ) was performed at the surface of a gas diffusion layer (GDL) and the upper part of the gas‐flow channel of the cathode of an operating polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) with straight flow channels by using an oxygen‐sensitive luminescent dye film. The gradient of p O(2) inside a channel was clearly observed, even on the GDL surface across the channel. A numerical simulation was performed to understand the reaction distributions inside the PEFC. By visualization and numerical simulation, the distributions of p O(2) , the current density, water concentration, and temperature in the operating PEFC were obtained, and the relationships between the parameters were studied. Supersaturated water inside the cell was found both experimentally and computationally. p O(2) and the water concentration were concluded to be the two most important factors in determining the distribution of power generation.
Evaluating Whole Genome Amplification via Multiply-Primed Rolling Circle Amplification for SNP Genotyping of Samples With Low DNA Yield (2005)

Abstract The amount of available DNA is often a limiting factor in pursuing genetic analyses of large-scale population cohorts. An association between higher DNA yield from blood and several phenotypes associated with inflammatory states has recently been demonstrated, suggesting that exclusion of samples with very low DNA yield may lead to biased results in statistical analyses. Whole genome amplification (WGA) could present a solution to the DNA concentration-dependent sample selection. The aim was to thoroughly assess WGA for samples with low DNA yield, using the multiply-primed rolling circle amplification method. Fifty-nine samples were selected with the lowest DNA yield (less than 7.5µg) among 799 samples obtained for one population cohort. The genotypes obtained from two replicate WGA samples and the original genomic DNA were compared by typing 24 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Multiple genotype discrepancies were identified for 13 of the 59 samples. The largest portion of discrepancies was due to allele dropout in heterozygous genotypes in WGA samples. Pooling the WGA DNA replicates prior to genotyping markedly improved genotyping reproducibility for the samples, with only 7 discrepancies identified in 4 samples. The nature of discrepancies was mostly homozygote genotypes in the genomic DNA and heterozygote genotypes in the WGA sample, suggesting possible allele dropout in the genomic DNA sample due to very low amounts of DNA template. Thus, WGA is applicable for low DNA yield samples, especially if using pooled WGA samples. A higher rate of genotyping errors requires that increased attention be paid to genotyping quality control, and caution when interpreting results.
Performance of current-in-plane pseudo-spin-valve devices on CMOS silicon-on-insulator underlayers (2003)

Prior work has shown that current-in-plane (CIP) giant magnetoresistive (GMR) pseudo-spin-valve (PSV) devices grown on bulk Si wafers and bulk complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) underlayers exhibit write and read characteristics that are suitable for application as nonvolatile memory devices. In this work, CIP GMR PSV devices fabricated on silicon-on-insulator CMOS underlayers are shown to support write and read performance. Reading and writing fields for selected devices are shown to be approximately 25%–50% that of unselected devices, which provides a margin for reading and writing specific bits in a memory without overwriting bits and without disturbing other bits. The switching characteristics of experimental devices were compared to and found to be similar with Landau–Lifschitz–Gilbert micromagnetic modeling results, which allowed inferring regions of reversible and irreversible rotations in magnetic reversal processes.
Site saturation of the histidine-46 position in Pseudomonas aeruginosa azurin: Characterization of the His46Asp copper and cobalt proteins (1993)

Cassette mutagenesis has been used to replace the copper ligand His46 of Pseudomonas aeruginosa azurin with 19 other amino acids and a stop codon. Several mutant proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli and isolated; however, only the variant in which His was replaced by Asp exhibited the spectral characteristics of a blue (type 1) center. The spectroscopic and electrochemical properties of this mutant protein show that the copper site is perturbed relative to wild-type azurin. The absorption spectrum of Cu(II)(His46Asp) azurin exhibits a S(Cys)-->Cu(II) band at 612 nm, as well as weaker features at approximately 300, 454, and approximately 850 nm; its EPR spectrum is rhombic (g parallel = 2.327(1), gx approximately 2.03, and gy approximately 2.07; A parallel = 22(2) x 10(-4), Ax approximately 46 x 10(-4), and Ay approximately 22 x 10(-4) cm-1). The reduction potential of the mutant (260 mV vs NHE at pH 8.5; 297 mV at pH 5.0) is lower than that of wild-type azurin (288 mV at pH 8.5; 349 mV at pH 5.0). The S(Cys)-->Co(II) absorption bands (approximately 300 and 362 nm) in Co(II)(His46Asp) azurin are strongly blue-shifted relative to those (330 and 375 nm) in the spectrum of the Co(II) (His46) protein, whereas the intensities of the ligand-field bands in the 500-650-nm region (epsilon approximately 100 M-1 cm-1) indicate a five-coordinate Co(II) environment.
Asymmetric Synthesis of α-Chloro-β-amino-N-sulfinyl Imidates as Chiral Building Blocks (2011)

New chiral α-chloro-β-amino-N-sulfinyl imidates were synthesized in high yield and excellent diastereomeric excess via highly anti-selective Mannich-type reactions of (R(S))-methyl N-tert-butanesulfinyl-2-chloroethanimidate with aromatic aldimines. The α-chloro-β-amino-N-sulfinylimidates proved to be excellent building blocks for the asymmetric synthesis of β-amino-α-chloro amides and esters, aziridine-2-carboxylic amides and esters, trans-2-aryl-3-chloroazetidines, and methyl 4-phenyloxazolidin-2-one-5-carboxylate. The obtained absolute anti-diastereoselectivity is the opposite of the stereochemical outcome observed for α-methyl-substituted imidates.
The Novel CXCR4 Antagonist KRH-3955 Is an Orally Bioavailable and Extremely Potent Inhibitor of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection: Comparative Studies with AMD3100 (2009)

The previously reported CXCR4 antagonist KRH-1636 was a potent and selective inhibitor of CXCR4-using (X4) human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) but could not be further developed as an anti-HIV-1 agent because of its poor oral bioavailability. Newly developed KRH-3955 is a KRH-1636 derivative that is bioavailable when administered orally with much more potent anti-HIV-1 activity than AMD3100 and KRH-1636. The compound very potently inhibits the replication of X4 HIV-1, including clinical isolates in activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from different donors. It is also active against recombinant X4 HIV-1 containing resistance mutations in reverse transcriptase and protease and envelope with enfuvirtide resistance mutations. KRH-3955 inhibits both SDF-1alpha binding to CXCR4 and Ca(2+) signaling through the receptor. KRH-3955 inhibits the binding of anti-CXCR4 monoclonal antibodies that recognize the first, second, or third extracellular loop of CXCR4. The compound shows an oral bioavailability of 25.6% in rats, and its oral administration blocks X4 HIV-1 replication in the human peripheral blood lymphocyte-severe combined immunodeficiency mouse system. Thus, KRH-3955 is a new promising agent for HIV-1 infection and AIDS.
Immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal stem cells: a review based on an interdisciplinary meeting held at the Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology Division, London, UK, 31 October 2005. (2007)

Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells isolated from bone marrow and other sites are currently being studied to determine their potential role in the pathogenesis and/or management of autoimmune diseases. In vitro studies have shown that they exhibit a dose-dependent antiproliferative effect on T and B lymphocytes, dendritic cells, natural killer cells and various B cell tumour lines--an effect that is both cell contact and soluble factor dependent. Animal models of autoimmune disease treated with multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells have mostly exhibited a positive clinical response, as have a limited number of patients suffering from acute graft versus host disease. This review summarizes the findings of a 1-day meeting devoted to the subject with the aim of coordinating efforts.
Enhancement of Photovoltaic Performance in Immiscible Ternary Blends (2020)

Ternary-blend active layers composed of one donor and two acceptors have been actively studied to enhance the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cells (OSCs), and numerous advances in miscible ternary blends have been reported. In this study, we report an unusual behavior of immiscible ternary blends with respect to the enhancement of PCE and stability of OSC devices. The active layer consists of three relatively easily synthesizable materials: poly[(4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen2-yl)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene-2,6-diyl)-alt-((5-bromo-4-octylthiazol-2-yl)thiophene-2,5-diyl)] (POTz) as a donor, 2,2′-((2Z,2′Z)-((4,4,9,9-tetrahexyl-4,9-dihydro-s-indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b′]dithiophene-2,7-diyl)bis(methanylylidene))bis(3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2,1-diylidene))dimalononitrile (IDIC) as a non-fullerene acceptor, and [6,6]-phenyl-C70-butyric acid methyl ester (PC70BM) fullerene. The POTz:IDIC blends showed a typical bicontinuous and uniform nanomorphology; however, the addition of PC70BM to the POTz:IDIC blends led to immiscible domains. When small amounts of PC70BM (8.3–16.7 wt %) were incorporated into POTz:IDIC:PC70BM blends, the POTz:IDIC formed a continuous phase, and small PC70BM domains were uniformly dispersed into the continuous phase, which resembled raisin bread. The dispersed PC70BM domains enhanced the electron mobility of the POTz:IDIC:PC70BM film and promoted charge balance between holes and electrons, resulting in an enhanced short-circuit current density and fill factor. Notably, the ternary blends with PC70BM exhibited the improved long-term stability in light-soaking tests by reducing the burn-in loss of the devices.