gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification, Functional Characterization, and Regulation of a New Cytochrome P450 Subfamily, the CYP2Ns (2000)

The screening of liver and heart cDNA libraries from the teleost Fundulus heteroclitus with degenerate oligonucleotide probes to conserved alpha-helical regions in mammalian P450s resulted in the identification of two cDNAs that together represent a novel P450 subfamily, the CYP2Ns. Northern analysis demonstrated that CYP2N1 transcripts are most abundant in liver and intestine, whereas CYP2N2 mRNAs are most abundant in heart and brain. CYP2N1 and CYP2N2 proteins were co-expressed with NADPH-cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase in Sf9 insect cells, and their ability to metabolize arachidonic acid and xenobiotic substrates was examined. Both CYP2N1 and CYP2N2 metabolize arachidonic acid to epoxyeicosatrienoic acids. Epoxidation is highly regio- and enantioselective with preferential formation of (8R,9S)-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (optical purities are 91 and 90% for CYP2N1 and CYP2N2, respectively) and (11R, 12S)-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (optical purities are 92 and 70% for CYP2N1 and CYP2N2, respectively). CYP2N1 and CYP2N2 also catalyze the formation of a variety of hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids. Both P450s have benzphetamine N-demethylase activities but show minimal alkoxyresorufin O-dealkylase activities. To investigate factors affecting CYP2N expression in vivo, CYP2N transcripts were examined following starvation and/or treatment with 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate. Intestinal CYP2N1 mRNAs decrease in starved and/or phorbol ester-treated fish, whereas intestinal CYP2N2 transcripts decrease only following phorbol ester treatment. Interestingly, cardiac CYP2N2 expression decreases following phorbol ester treatment but increases following starvation. These results demonstrate that members of this novel P450 subfamily encode early vertebrate forms of arachidonic acid catalysts that are widely expressed and are regulated by environmental factors. Given the wealth of information on the functional role of P450-derived arachidonate metabolites in mammals, we postulate that CYP2N1 and CYP2N2 products have similar biological functions in early vertebrates. The identity of the mammalian orthologue(s) of the CYP2Ns remains unknown.
Single Amino Acid Substitutions in α-Conotoxin PnIA Shift Selectivity for Subtypes of the Mammalian Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor (1999)

The alpha-conotoxins, a class of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonists, are emerging as important probes of the role played by different nAChR subtypes in cell function and communication. In this study, the native alpha-conotoxins PnIA and PnIB were found to cause concentration-dependent inhibition of the ACh-induced current in all rat parasympathetic neurons examined, with IC(50) values of 14 and 33 nM, and a maximal reduction in current amplitude of 87% and 71%, respectively. The modified alpha-conotoxin [N11S]PnIA reduced the ACh-induced current with an IC(50) value of 375 nM and a maximally effective concentration caused 91% block. [A10L]PnIA was the most potent inhibitor, reducing the ACh-induced current in approximately 80% of neurons, with an IC(50) value of 1.4 nM and 46% maximal block of the total current. The residual current was not inhibited further by alpha-bungarotoxin, but was further reduced by the alpha-conotoxins PnIA or PnIB, and by mecamylamine. (1)H NMR studies indicate that PnIA, PnIB, and the analogues, [A10L]PnIA and [N11S]PnIA, have identical backbone structures. We propose that positions 10 and 11 of PnIA and PnIB influence potency and determine selectivity among alpha7 and other nAChR subtypes, including alpha3beta2 and alpha3beta4. Four distinct components of the nicotinic ACh-induced current in mammalian parasympathetic neurons have been dissected with these conopeptides.
Imaging optics on scanner for SMO generation process (2012)

Abstract The k1 factor continues to be driven downward, in order to enable the 22-nm feature generation and beyond. Such a low k1 factor tends to lead to extremely small process windows. For such demanding imaging challenges, it is not only necessary for each unit, contributing to the imaging system, to be driven to its ultimate performance capability, but also that active techniques that can expand the process window and the robustness of the imaging against various kinds of imaging parameters be implemented. One such technique is source and mask optimization (SMO). In this paper, we study the effect of SMO. Furthermore, we discuss how to realize the SMO solution in the imaging system setup on the scanner. The setup process includes freeform pupilgram generation (source intensity distribution on the pupil) and pupilgram adjustment.
Vesicular stomatitis (2016)

More than 800 premises in eight states in the USA have recently reported cases of vesicular stomatitis in their horses. Here, Peter Timoney, of the Gluck Equine Research Center in Kentucky, discusses this zoonotic disease in more detail.
Large-scale Ge-on-Insulator wafers using low-temperature bonding and Epitaxial Lift-Off (ELO) technique (2014)

We have realized patterned Ge-on-Insulator wafers by large-scale layer transfer technology. In conjunction with low-temperature bonding and patterned Epitaxial Lift-Off (ELO) technique, high quality Ge layer transfer was achieved in full-wafer scale.
Mechanism-Based Isocoumarin Inhibitors for Human Leukocyte Elastase. Effect of the 7-Amino Substituent and 3-Alkoxy Group in 3-Alkoxy-7-amino-4-chloroisocoumarins on Inhibitory Potency (1995)

A series of 3-alkoxy-7-amino-4-chloroisocoumarins with various 3-alkoxy substituents have been prepared and evaluated as inhibitors of human leukocyte elastase (HLE). In addition, a new series of acyl, urea, and carbamate derivatives of 7-amino-4-chloro-3-methoxyisocoumarin (1), 7-amino-4-chloro-3-propoxyisocoumarin (3), and 7-amino-4-chloro-3-(2-bromoethoxy)isocoumarin (6) have been synthesized. Most of the synthesized compounds are very potent inhibitors of HLE with kobs/[I] values between 10(4) and 10(6) M-1 s-1. Hydrophobic substituents on the 7-amino position of the isocoumarin ring afford the best selectivity and inhibitory potency for HLE. In the 2-bromoethoxy series, compound 24 with a PhNHCONH 7-substituent had a kobs/[I] value of 1.2 x 10(6) M-1 s-1, was very selective for HLE, and was the most potent inhibitor of HLE tested. Of the extended chain L-phenylalanyl derivatives, the Bz-L-Phe compound 66 with a kobs/[I] value of 1.8 x 10(5) M-1 s-1 was the most potent inhibitor of HLE in the 3-methoxyisocoumarin series and was also very selective for HLE. Our results indicate that a high degree of selectivity, along with potency, can be introduced into mechanism-based isocoumarin inhibitors.
The augurscope (2002)

The augurscope is a portable mixed reality interface for outdoors. A tripod-mounted display is wheeled to different locations and rotated and tilted to view a virtual environment that is aligned with the physical background. Video from an onboard camera is embedded into this virtual environment. Our design encompasses physical form, interaction and the combination of a GPS receiver, electronic compass, accelerometer and rotary encoder for tracking. An initial application involves the public exploring a medieval castle from the site of its modern replacement. Analysis of use reveals problems with lighting, movement and relating virtual and physical viewpoints, and shows how environmental factors and physical form affect interaction. We suggest that problems might be accommodated by carefully constructing virtual and physical content
Electro-optic side-chain polyimide system with large optical nonlinearity and high thermal stability (1994)

We report electro-optic (EO) efficiency and thermal stability of a poled polyimide system with nonlinear optical dyes as side chains. The side-chain polyimide system is synthesized from a dianhydride containing azobenzene dye and a diamine. The dye in the polymer is chemically stable for temperatures below 250 °C. The polymer can be poled simultaneously with or after imidization of the polyamic acid. Our sample poled after imidization shows a large EO coefficient (r33=10.8 pm/V at λ=1.3 μm) and long-term thermal stability at 120 °C.
Acute performance evaluation of a new ventricular automatic capture algorithm (2005)

When successful, the ventricular automatic capture algorithm accurately determined pacing thresholds in either a UP or BP pacing configuration among all leads tested.
Supplemental Figure 4 from CUE-101, a Novel E7-pHLA-IL2-Fc Fusion Protein, Enhances Tumor Antigen-Specific T-Cell Activation for the Treatment of HPV16-Driven Malignancies (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 4. Antitumor activity of mCUE-101 in established TC-1 tumors.&lt;/p&gt;
Narrowband Characteristics of Air-to-Ground Propagation for UAV Assisted Networks in Urban Environments By Means of Fast Ray-Launching Simulations (2020)

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV), also known as “drones”, are attracting increasing attention as enablers for many technical applications and services, and are emerging as a promising feature for constructing the next-generation mobile networks, with a special focus on the extension of coverage and capacity of mobile radio networks for 5G applications. In this paper we tackle this challenge and we aim at investigating the narrowband properties of the air-to-ground propagation channel by means of GPU accelerated ray launching simulations carried out in an urban environment for 5G communications.
Pivotal Role of KARAP/DAP12 Adaptor Molecule in the Natural Killer Cell–mediated Resistance to Murine Cytomegalovirus Infection (2002)

Natural killer (NK) cells are major contributors to early defense against infections. Their effector functions are controlled by a balance between activating and inhibiting signals. To date, however, the involvement of NK cell activating receptors and signaling pathways in the defense against pathogens has not been extensively investigated. In mice, several NK cell activating receptors are coexpressed with and function through the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM)-bearing molecule KARAP/DAP12. Here, we have analyzed the role of KARAP/DAP12 in the early antiviral response to murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV). In KARAP/DAP12 mutant mice bearing a nonfunctional ITAM, we found a considerable increase in viral titers in the spleen (30-40-fold) and in the liver (2-5-fold). These effects were attributed to NK cells. The formation of hepatic inflammatory foci appeared similar in wild-type and mutant mice, but the latter more frequently developed severe hepatitis with large areas of focal necrosis. Moreover, the percentage of hepatic NK cells producing interferon gamma was reduced by 56 +/- 22% in the absence of a functional KARAP/DAP12. This is the first study that shows a crucial role for a particular activating signaling pathway, in this case the one induced through KARAP/DAP12, in the NK cell-mediated resistance to an infection. Our results are discussed in relation to recent reports demonstrating that innate resistance to MCMV requires the presence of NK cells expressing the KARAP/DAP12-associated receptor Ly49H.
1P-124 Versatility of the unbinding force measurements at the single-molecule level adapted to different molecular motors(Molecular motor, The 47th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society of Japan) (2009)

1), Yusuke Og
A Low-Cost, mmWave Tileable Sliced Notch Vivaldi Array (2019)

In this paper, a design for a low-cost, tileable Sliced Notched Vivaldi Array operating over the mmWave frequency region of 13-50 GHz will be presented. This array is capable of being scanned to ±45° in E and H plane with better than 2:1 VSWR performance. Experimental measurements of the radiation pattern, antenna input impedance, connector and line loss per inch will be presented.
Psychopharmacology in the Pediatric Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant Units: Antidepressant Treatment (2022)

<b><i>Objectives:</i></b> The aim of this study was to characterize the clinical profiles, tolerability, and efficacy of two groups of antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), and the atypical antidepressant, mirtazapine, in children and adolescents treated in a large pediatric Hematology-Oncology center. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A review of computerized medical charts of 32 pediatric patients with cancer, from December 2011 to April 2020, was conducted. Efficacy and tolerability of antidepressant medications were retrospectively analyzed. The Clinical Global Impressions-Severity (CGI-S) and Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement (CGI-I) Scales were used to evaluate psychiatric symptoms severity before and following treatment, while the data on adverse events and drug-drug interactions were retrieved from the computerized medical records. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Thirty-two children and adolescents with cancer, 2-21 years of age (mean 14.1 ± 4.6 years), were treated with antidepressants. Fourteen patients (44%) received mirtazapine, whereas 18 patients (56%) received SSRIs: sertraline (25%), escitalopram (25%), or fluoxetine (6%). Treatment choice was dictated either by physician preference or informed by potential drug-drug interactions. The most common psychiatric diagnoses were major depressive disorders (47%), anxiety disorders (19%), and medication-induced psychiatric disorders (19%). The most common psychiatric-medical symptoms were depressed mood (94%) and anxiety (62%). CGI-S improved significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) between pretreatment and on-treatment assessments, with no statistically significant difference between SSRI and mirtazapine-treated patients. CGI-I scores at reassessment indicated improvement in most patients (84%). Adverse events of treatment were mild in all patients. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The antidepressants used in this study, SSRIs and mirtazapine, were effective and well tolerated in children and adolescents with cancer and psychiatric comorbidities. Given the high rates of depression and anxiety in children with cancer, large-scale, multisite, prospective clinical trials of antidepressants are warranted.
Optical and Spin Coherence Properties of Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers Placed in a 100 nm Thick Isotopically Purified Diamond Layer (2012)

We have studied optical and spin properties of near-surface nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers incorporated during chemical vapor phase growth of isotopically purified (12)C single-crystal diamond layers. The spectral diffusion-limited line width of zero-phonon luminescence from the NV centers is 1.2 ± 0.5 GHz, a considerable improvement over that of NV centers formed by ion implantation and annealing. Enhanced spin dephasing times (T(2)* ≈ 90 μs, T(2) ≈ 1.7 ms) due to the reduction of (13)C nuclear spins persist even for NV centers placed within 100 nm of the surface.
Figure S5 from Validation of a Plasma-Based Comprehensive Cancer Genotyping Assay Utilizing Orthogonal Tissue- and Plasma-Based Methodologies (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Per-sample mutation burden distribution by tumor type. Per-sample adjusted mutation count relative to other samples within clinical indication. Green bars indicate the 95th percentile.&lt;/p&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF 2‐BENZOYL‐3‐CHLORO‐2‐CYCLOHEXEN‐1‐ONES WITH SOME ORGANOMETALLIC COMPOUNDS (1983)

Abstract Metallorganische Verbindungen (H), (IV) und (VI) reagieren mit dem BenzoyI‐chlor‐cyclohexenon (I) unter 1,2‐Addition zu den cyclischen Allylalkoholen (III) und (V) oder zu den Alkylidenderivaten (VII).
Stretchable and highly sensitive graphene-on-polymer strain sensors (2012)

The use of nanomaterials for strain sensors has attracted attention due to their unique electromechanical properties. However, nanomaterials have yet to overcome many technological obstacles and thus are not yet the preferred material for strain sensors. In this work, we investigated graphene woven fabrics (GWFs) for strain sensing. Different than graphene films, GWFs undergo significant changes in their polycrystalline structures along with high-density crack formation and propagation mechanically deformed. The electrical resistance of GWFs increases exponentially with tensile strain with gauge factors of ~10(3) under 2~6% strains and ~10(6) under higher strains that are the highest thus far reported, due to its woven mesh configuration and fracture behavior, making it an ideal structure for sensing tensile deformation by changes in strain. The main mechanism is investigated, resulting in a theoretical model that predicts very well the observed behavior.
Carbonylative Sonogashira Synthesis of Quinolines and Naphthyridines (2005)

A palladium-mediated multicomponent domino reaction leading to 2-aryl-4-amino-quinolines and 2-aryl-4-amino[1,8]naphthyridines starting from 2-ethynylarylamines, aryl iodides, primary amines and carbon monoxide in a one-pot procedure is reported.
Genetic regulation of β2-adrenergic receptors in 3T3-L1 fibroblasts (1989)

The beta 2-adrenergic receptor from mouse 3T3-L1 cells is up-regulated through genetic mechanisms by glucocorticoids and butyrate. To study the genetic regulation of these receptors, we sequenced a 5 kb region of genomic DNA from 3T3-L1 cells, containing the beta-adrenergic receptor gene and approx. 1.5 kb of both 5' and 3' flanking sequences. The sequence contained one copy of an 8 bp consensus sequence which can confer phorbol ester-responsiveness to genes. Phorbol esters attenuated the up-regulation of beta 2-adrenergic receptors by glucocorticoids but not by butyrate. This effect was probably due to a phorbol ester-induced decrease in glucocorticoid receptor number. Using methylation-sensitive restriction enzymes, we examined the methylation of a CG-rich region occurring 5' to the gene and did not detect any changes in methylation of this region upon dexamethasone or butyrate treatment. A total of 16 putative glucocorticoid response elements were found which may mediate the glucocorticoid-induced increase in beta 2-adrenergic receptors. A comparison of the regulatory sequences of the two beta-adrenergic receptor subtypes from human and mouse confirms the observed physiological controls of receptor subtype expression and offers an explanation as to why the subtypes differ in genetic regulation.
Design Principles to Govern Electrode Fabrication for the Lithium Trivanadate Cathode (2020)

A full depth of discharge mathematical model for the lithium trivanadate cathode, considering lithiation of the layered α -phase, phase change, and lithiation of the rock-salt like β -phase at lower potentials, is developed. The coupled electrode-scale and crystal-scale model is fit to electrochemical data, and additionally validated with operando EDXRD. There is good agreement between the simulated and measured spatial variation of the volume fraction of the β -phase. This mathematical model is used to guide electrode fabrication, accounting for both ionic and electronic transport effects. Values of three design parameters—electrode thickness, porosity, and volume fraction of conductor—are identified, and the sensitivity of the energy density to these design parameters is quantified. The model is also used to investigate electrode design to create electrodes that deliver the maximum achievable energy density under the constraint that the α to β -phase transition is avoided, since phase change has been demonstrated to reduce cycle life. The energy density sacrificed to avoid phase change decreases at higher discharge rates, but the target values for electrode fabrication remain the same as those when optimizing the electrode for the full depth of discharge.
The Monoclonal Antibodies Campath-1H and Rituximab in theTherapy of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (2000)

The treatment options for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) beside standard therapy with chlorambucil or other alkylating agents have dramatically increased in the last few years. Promising results have been reported with new cytotoxic agents such as the purine analogues fludarabine and 2-chlordeoxyadenosine, either at first diagnosis or at relapse. Nevertheless, all patients with CLL relapse after initial response. Since residual lymphoma cells are very likely to be the origin of the clinical relapse, there is a need for new therapeutic approaches with different mechanism of action to eliminate these residual cells. These approaches include allogeneic or autologous stem cell transplantation as well as immunotherapeutic strategies. Monoclonal antibodies, either alone or conjugated to toxins or radioisotopes, are thus being actively investigated. In clinical trials the genetically engineered chimeric unconjugated anti-CD20 antibody Rituximab and the humanized unconjugated anti-CD52 antibody Campath-1H achieved the most promising results in the treatment of patients with relapsed or refractory low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Thus far there is only little clinical experience with Rituximab in patients with CLL, and the exact role of these agent in the treatment of CLL has still to be determined in ongoing and future trials. As a single agent Campath-1H showed more clinical activity in previously treated CLL patients than Rituximab, with response rates of up to 33% in a multicenter pivotal study. Furthermore, the potential risks of tumor lysis and anaphylaxia for both antibodies and immunosuppression particularly for Campath-1H must be taken into account. The present review will compare the development and the basic principles of these unconjugated monoclonal antibodies and consider their present and potential role in the treatment of patients with CLL. Copyright 2000 S. Karger GmbH, Freiburg
Using hydrologic model data to inform time-lapse ERT investigations of coastal processes (2022)

Due to the effects of global climate change on the frequency and severity of tropical cyclones (Knutson et al., 2010), coastal communities are experiencing an increase in the rate of salinization of their freshwater resources. This study investigated the dynamics of saltwater intrusion that occur in the wake of storm surges by incorporating electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) in hydrologic modeling of coastal saline transport at a field site on Assateague Island, MD. Due to the sensitivity of ERT to saline content, these methods were able to resolve the more fine-scale transport structures (e.g., density fingering) that hydrologic models often lack the spatial resolution to resolve. A model developed in HydroGeoSphere to investigate the inundation and flushing of the field site was used to simulate a synthetic ERT array to test the sensitivity of different ERT array sequences to gradual lateral changes in salinity by applying a petrophysical transform to the data to yield a spatial distribution of bulk resistivity values. These distributions were then analyzed in ResIPy to run synthetic forward models and invert them to investigate the lateral sensitivity of different array sequences to gradual changes in electrolytic salinity (and therefore, bulk resistivity). The compared ERT arrays were then tested with time lapse surveys at the field site to investigate their viability in a real-world saline environment.
<title>Investigation of new filtering schemes for computerized detection of lung nodules</title> (1991)

In order to improve the diagnosis of lung cancer from chest radiographs, we are developing a computerized scheme for the detection of pulmonary nodules. The computerized scheme is based on a difference-image technique, feature-extraction techniques and a combination of linear and nonlinear filtering methods. In order to improve the sensitivity of the nonlinear filtering method, we investigated various filter parameters. We found that with a combination of two filtering methods, one effective for subtle nodules and the other effective for moderately subtle nodules, sensitivity can be increased by approximately 15% at a given level of specificity.