gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multipoint Label Distribution Protocol In-Band Signaling in a VRF Context (2012)

Sometimes an IP multicast distribution tree (MDT) traverses both MPLS-
enabled and non-MPLS-enabled regions of a network. Typically the MDT
begins and ends in non-MPLS regions, but travels through an MPLS
region. In such cases, it can be useful to begin building the MDT as a
pure IP MDT, then convert it to an MPLS Multipoint LSP (Label Switched
Path) when it enters an MPLS-enabled region, and then convert it back
to a pure IP MDT when it enters a non-MPLS-enabled region. Other
documents specify the procedures for building such a hybrid MDT, using
Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) in the non- MPLS region of the
network, and using Multipoint Extensions to Label Distribution
Protocol (mLDP) in the MPLS region. This document extends those
procedures to handle the case where the link connecting the two
regions is a Virtual Routing and Forwarding Table (VRF) link, as
defined in the BGP IP/MPLS VPN specifications. However, this
document is primarily aimed at particular use cases where VRFs are
used to support multicast applications other than Multicast VPN.
Eye-Shield: Real-Time Protection of Mobile Device Screen Information from Shoulder Surfing (2023)

People use mobile devices ubiquitously for computing, communication, storage, web browsing, and more. As a result, the information accessed and stored within mobile devices, such as financial and health information, text messages, and emails, can often be sensitive. Despite this, people frequently use their mobile devices in public areas, becoming susceptible to a simple yet effective attack, shoulder surfing. Shoulder surfing occurs when a person near a mobile user peeks at the user's mobile device, potentially acquiring passcodes, PINs, browsing behavior, or other personal information. We propose Eye-Shield, a solution to prevent shoulder surfers from accessing or stealing sensitive on-screen information. Eye-Shield is designed to protect all types of on-screen information in real time, without any serious impediment to users' interactions with their mobile devices. Eye-Shield generates images that appear readable at close distances, but appear blurry or pixelated at farther distances and wider angles. It is capable of protecting on-screen information from shoulder surfers, operating in real time, and being minimally intrusive to the intended users. Eye-Shield protects images and text from shoulder surfers by reducing recognition rates to 24.24% and 15.91%. Our implementations of Eye-Shield, with frame rates of 24 FPS for Android and 43 FPS for iOS, effectively work on screen resolutions as high as 1440x3088. Eye-Shield also incurs acceptable memory usage, CPU utilization, and energy overhead. Finally, our MTurk and in-person user studies indicate that Eye-Shield protects on-screen information without a large usability cost for privacy-conscious users.
Positive-tone conducting electron-beam resists (1997)

Many lithographic methods are being examined for high throughput, sub- 0.15 micrometer lithography including e-beam lithography. With current resist materials, high throughput and resolution is limited by charging of the insulating resist which leads to image distortion of the pattern. We have developed a new family of resists based upon graft copolymers of PMMA and poly(hexylthiophene) that offer fast (less than 30 (mu) C/cm<SUP>2</SUP>) positive-tone imaging with the ability to provide for charge dissipation.
Tumor necrosis factor and interleukin 1 activate phospholipase in rat chondrocytes (1988)

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin 1 (IL-1) are both cytokines of macrophage origin with similar activity on several cell types. We investigated whether TNF can, analogously to IL-1, stimulate phospholipase activity of chondrocytes. Addition of each of these cytokines to cells, isolated from the xiphisternum of adult rats, resulted in a time- and dose-dependent increase in phospholipase activity in both secreted and membrane-associated form. Moreover, TNF and IL-1 both induce a transformation of chondrocyte morphology. In conclusion, TNF stimulates chondrocyte phospholipase activity and extends the long list of actions shared by IL-1 and TNF in a diversity of cellular systems.
Amino Acid Sequences in Fibrinogen Mediating Its Interaction with Its Platelet Receptor, GPIIbIIIa (1989)

Platelet membrane GPIIbIIIa is a member of the family receptors named integrins that recognize RGD sequences in their ligands. GPIIbIIIa interacts with at least three different adhesive ligands: fibrinogen, fibronectin, and von Willebrand factor. These interactions are inhibited by RGD-containing peptides and by peptides corresponding to a sequence unique to fibrinogen in the COOH-terminal domain of its gamma chain (HLGGAKQAGDV). Two RGD sequences are present in fibrinogen A alpha chain: an RGDS sequence at A alpha 572-575, and an RGDF sequence at A alpha 95-98. Polyclonal antibodies raised against the RGDF sequence and the gamma COOH-terminal domain both reacted specifically with fibrinogen in solid phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and immunoprecipitated the protein in solution. The Fab fragments prepared from these antibodies inhibited fibrinogen-platelet interaction and aggregation. These results demonstrate that these two sequences are both accessible within the fibrinogen molecule and are both implicated in ligand binding and cell-cell interaction. In addition, by further examining the interaction of the gamma chain peptide with platelets, it was found that RGDF and the gamma peptide produced a similar dose-dependent inhibition of the binding of the labeled gamma peptide to ADP-stimulated platelets. These results provide evidence that the RGDF sequence present at the A alpha 95-98 constitutes with the gamma 401-411 sequence two recognition sites interacting with the same site or with mutually exclusive sites on GPIIbIIIa.
Kinetics of Shrinkage of Mushrooms during Blanching (1988)

ABSTRACT Kinetics of shrinkage of mushroom tissue and whole mushrooms was investigated. Shrinkage of tissue was found to be described by three apparent first order reactions, consisting of an initial slow phase, a second rapid phase, and a third slow phase. The duration of each phase depended on temperature. The major part of the shrinkage took place during the rapid shrinkage period. Activation energies during this phase were 18.25 Kcal mole −1 and 16.80 Kcal mole −1 for mass and volume shrinkage, respectively. Results for whole mushrooms were consistent with those for tissue.
A methodology for the development of electronic modules for automotive systems control (2002)

In this paper, we describe a new methodology for the development of electronic modules for automotive subsystems. The proposed methodology will help reduce the development cost, results in a robust and safe system, and will allow quick response to market and technology changes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Real time ATM implementation for remote access to home-automation and entertainment networks (1998)

peer-reviewed
A boosted classifier for integrating multiple fields of view: Breast cancer grading in histopathology (2011)

The ability to accurately interpret large image scenes is often dependent on the ability to extract relevant contextual, domain-specific information from different parts of the scene. Traditionally, techniques such as multi-scale (i.e. multi-resolution) frameworks and hierarchical classifiers have been used to analyze large images. In this paper we present a novel framework that classifies entire images based on quantitative features extracted from fields of view (FOVs) of varying sizes (i.e. multi-FOV scheme). The boosted multi-FOV classifier is subsequently applied to the task of computerized breast cancer grading (low vs. high) in digitized, whole-slide histopathology images. First an image is split up into many FOVs at different FOV sizes. In each FOV, cancer nuclei are automatically detected and used to construct graphs (Voronoi Diagram, Delaunay Triangulation, Minimum Spanning Tree). Features describing spatial arrangement of the nuclei are extracted and used to train a boosted classifier that predicts image class for each FOV size. The resulting predictions are then passed to the boosted multi-FOV classifier, which weights individual FOV sizes based on their ability to discriminate low and high grade BCa. Using slides from 55 patients, boosted classifiers were constructed using both multi-FOV and multi-scale frameworks, resulting in area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) values of 0.816 and 0.791, respectively.
Low-Voltage Limitations and Challenges of Memory-Rich Nano-Scale CMOS LSIs (2007)

The minimum operating voltage (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">min</sub> ) of nano-scale LSIs is investigated, focusing on logic gates, SRAM cells, and DRAM sense amplifiers in LSIs. The V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">min</sub> that is governed by SRAM cells rapidly increases as devices are miniaturized due to the ever-larger variation of the threshold voltage (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> ) of MOSFETs. The V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">min</sub> , however, is reduced to the sub-one-volt region by using repair techniques and new MOSFETs (e.g., FD- SOIs and/or high-k metal gates) that can reduce V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> variations.
PHD A Generic and Flexible Architecture for IPTV in Authorized Domains (2009)

As TV consumers expect a growing quantity and quality of services provided to them, and providers fear uncontrolled distribution of the digital content, one of the more promising theoretical proposals to balance these two needs are the so-called "Authorized Domains" (AD). We present in this paper a novel architecture that builds on the AD concept, but extends it to allow for a more generic, open, and flexible solution. The contributions of our work are twofold: First, we analyze and motivate which features a generic and flexible IPTV architecture should exhibit in order to enable various business models, while maintaining in all instances the above-mentioned core features. Second, we present our architecture – “Personal Home Domains” (PHD) –, which adds some key features to the original AD: it allows offline content in addition to streaming; it harmonizes the distribution inside the domain with (new) the delivery from service provider to the domain; it allows for the distribution of free or age-protected content; it emphasizes the mobility of users more than the original concept; and it allows for non-compliant devices inside the domain devices as well.
Influence of the Intermolecular Interactions on the Mobility of Heptane in the Supercages of MCM-22 Zeolite. A Molecular Dynamics Study (2002)

Molecular dynamics techniques have been used to simulate the diffusion of n-heptane in the supercage system of purely siliceous MCM-22 zeolite at 750 K. Diffusion through the 12-member-ring (MR) large cavities is dominated by intracage motion due to the presence of preferential minimum-energy positions at the top and bottom of the supercage forming the 12-MR pockets. Molecules in singly occupied supercages show higher diffusivity because there is no impediment for intracage motions other than the small activation energy. Molecules in doubly occupied supercages show lower diffusivity and intermolecular contacts preclude intracage jumps. Finally, higher loadings allow the intercage region to be more populated and the possibility of intercage diffusion when the n-heptane orientation is favorable. The intercage diffusion is analyzed on the basis of the energy path for the intercage motion and on the orientational probability for intercage jumps.
Efficient Visualization of Large-Scale Data Tables through Reordering and Entropy Minimization (2013)

Visualization of data tables with n examples and m columns using heat maps provides a holistic view of the original data. As there are n! ways to order rows and m! ways to order columns, and data tables are typically ordered without regard to visual inspection, heat maps of the original data tables often appear as noisy images. However, if rows and columns of a data table are ordered such that similar rows and similar columns are grouped together, a heat map may provide a deep insight into the underlying data distribution. We propose an information-theoretic approach to produce a well-ordered data table. In particular, we search for ordering that minimizes entropy of residuals of predictive coding applied on the ordered data table. This formalization leads to a novel ordering procedure, EM-ordering, that can be applied separately on rows and columns. For ordering of rows, EM-ordering repeats until convergence the steps of (1) rescaling columns and (2) solving a Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) where rows are treated as cities. To allow fast ordering of large data tables, we propose an efficient TSP heuristic with modest O(n log(n)) time complexity. When compared to the existing state-of-the-art reordering approaches, we show that the method often provides heat maps of higher visual quality, while being significantly more scalable. Moreover, analysis of real-world traffic and financial data sets using the proposed method, which allowed us to readily gain deeper insights about the data, further confirmed that EM-ordering can be a valuable tool for visual exploration of large-scale data sets.
Development and deployment of COVID-19 vaccines for those most vulnerable (2021)

Development of safe and effective COVID-19 vaccines is a global priority and the best hope for ending the COVID-19 pandemic. Remarkably, in less than 1 year, vaccines have been developed and shown to be efficacious and are already being deployed worldwide. Yet, many challenges remain. Immune senescence and comorbidities in aging populations and immune dysregulation in populations living in low-resource settings may impede vaccine effectiveness. Distribution of vaccines among these populations where vaccine access is historically low remains challenging. In this Review, we address these challenges and provide strategies for ensuring that vaccines are developed and deployed for those most vulnerable.
User Coverage Maximization for a UAV-mounted Base Station Using Reinforcement Learning and Greedy Methods (2022)

This paper proposes two methods to maximize the coverage of distinct ground users by an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) -mounted mobile base station: a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) approach, and a reward-based greedy approach. The performance of the proposed methods are evaluated based on two aspects: the number of distinct ground users covered, and the delay experienced by a user until it first receives coverage. The distribution of ground users is modelled as a Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) with fixed and time-varying means with the latter scenario mimicking the mobility of users. Simulation results show that both proposed methods lead to efficient coverage and latency performance with the DRL based approach significantly outperforming the rewards-based greedy algorithm, especially when ground users are allowed to be mobile.
RGD induces conformational transition in purified platelet integrin GPIIb/IIIa‐SDS system yielding multiple binding states for fibrinogen γ‐chain C‐terminal peptide (1996)

Fibrinogen γ‐chain C‐terminal peptide HHLGGAKQAGDV (γ12) and α‐chain peptide GRGDSP are known to inhibit fibrinogen‐mediated platelet cell aggregation via competitive interactions with platelet integrin receptor GPIlb/IIIa. NMR studies of γ12 in the presence of purified GPIIb/IIIa in SDS/water solution have demonstrated the presence of two γ12 binding states, one of which is eliminated by GRGDSP (RGD) up to a RGD: γ12 ratio of 2:1. RGD: γl2 ratios greater than 2:1 produce multiple sets of γ12 NMR signals in TOCSY spectra. At a ratio of 4:1, two to four such resonance sets can be resolved for A405, Q407, A408, G409, D410 and V411 spin systems. The number of multiple resonances remains unchanged at ratios of 6:1 and 8:1. Addition of γ12 to reverse the ratio to 8:8 (1::1) has no apparent effect on the RGD‐induced distribution. Results suggest that RGD irreversibly induces a conformational transition(s) in GPIIb/IIIa to produce multiple γ12 binding sites on the receptor.
Human serum‐induced porcine endothelial cell E‐selectin expression is associated with IgG3 and IgM anti‐Gal antibodies (2002)

Naturally occurring anti-Galalpha1-3Gal (anti-Gal) antibodies and complement induce hyperacute rejection (HAR) of porcine organs transplanted to primates. If the hyperacute reaction is prevented, an acute vascular rejection (AVR) occurs within hours to few days. Antibodies are important for the development of AVR, whereas the role of complement is still not clarified. AVR is characterized by protein synthesis-dependent endothelial cell (EC) activation. In the present study we investigated the relation between EC activation as measured by E-selectin expression, and the concentrations of anti-Gal antibodies of IgM, IgG and IgG subclasses in sera from 80 healthy blood donors selected on the basis of sex and age. There was a significant correlation between E-selectin expression and the concentration of IgG3 anti-Gal (r=0.39; P=0.019), which was not seen for the other IgG subclasses or for total IgG anti-Gal. A modest, but significant correlation was found between the concentration of IgM anti-Gal and E-selectin expression (r=0.38; P=0.040), but not between IgM and IgG3 anti-Gal. There was a large interindividual variation in anti-Gal antibodies, 50-fold for IgM and 70-fold for IgG. Females had significantly higher concentrations of IgM anti-Gal than males (P=0.0006), which was explained by a substantial increase in IgM anti-Gal concentration in younger women. The concentration of IgG anti-Gal and the degree of E-selectin expression did not differ between sex or age groups. In conclusion, the close correlation between anti-Gal antibodies of the potent complement activating IgG3 subclass and porcine EC activation, may imply that these antibodies play a role in EC activation characteristic of AVR.
Synthesis of Telcagepant (2010)

A new, general catalytic asymmetric hydrogenation of allylic amines has been applied to the large-scale synthesis of telcagepant, a drug currently in phase III clinical trials for the treatment of migraine. The reaction uses a cat­ionic ruthenium complex together with the axially chiral ligand (-)-TMBTP.
Sum MSE Minimization for Downlink Multi-Relay Multi-User MIMO Network (2014)

We propose methods of linear transceiver design for two different power constraints, sum relay power constraint and per relay power constraint, which determine signal processing matrices such as base station (BS) transmitter, relay precoders and user receivers to minimize sum mean square error (SMSE) for multi-relay multi-user (MRMU) networks. However, since the formulated problem is non-convex one which is hard to be solved, we suboptimally solve the problems by defining convex subproblems with some fixed variables. We adopt iterative sequential designs of which each iteration stage corresponds to each subproblem. Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) theorem and SMSE duality are employed as specific methods to solve subproblems. The numerical results verify that the proposed methods provide comparable performance to that of a full relay cooperation bound (FRCB) method while outperforming the simple amplify-and-forward (SAF) and minimum mean square error (MMSE) relaying in terms of not only SMSE, but also the sum rate.
Photomultiplier (2011)

Photomultiplier (PM) bilden die Gruppe der empfindlichsten Lichtdetektoren, sie erreichen in der Regel noch wesentlich höhere Verstärkungen als die Avalanche-Photodioden (APD). Im Gegensatz zu den PDs basieren PMs auf dem äußeren Photoeffekt (Erläuterungen zum äußeren und inneren Photoeffekt finden sich in Teil 1 dieses Buchs). Ankommende Photonen lösen also zunächst in der Kathode einzelne Elektronen aus, die dann im PM lawinenartig verstärkt werden.
CG-OoO: Energy-Efficient Coarse-Grain Out-of-Order Execution (2016)

We introduce the Coarse-Grain Out-of-Order (CG- OoO) general purpose processor designed to achieve close to In-Order processor energy while maintaining Out-of-Order (OoO) performance. CG-OoO is an energy-performance proportional general purpose architecture that scales according to the program load. Block-level code processing is at the heart of the this architecture; CG-OoO speculates, fetches, schedules, and commits code at block-level granularity. It eliminates unnecessary accesses to energy consuming tables, and turns large tables into smaller and distributed tables that are cheaper to access. CG-OoO leverages compiler-level code optimizations to deliver efficient static code, and exploits dynamic instruction-level parallelism and block-level parallelism. CG-OoO introduces Skipahead issue, a complexity effective, limited out-of-order instruction scheduling model. Through the energy efficiency techniques applied to the compiler and processor pipeline stages, CG-OoO closes 64% of the average energy gap between the In-Order and Out-of-Order baseline processors at the performance of the OoO baseline. This makes CG-OoO 1.9x more efficient than the OoO on the energy-delay product inverse metric.
ChemInform Abstract: Regio‐Specific Total Synthesis of (±)‐2‐Hydroxyaklavinone. Synthetic Approaches to New Anthracyclines: 4,11‐Dideoxy‐2‐hydroxy‐β‐rhodomycinone and Its Glycosides. (1984)

Abstract In den beiden Arbeiten werden in ausführlicher Form Synthesen für Anthracyclin‐Zwischenstufen wie (VIII), ausgehend von dem aus (I) zugänglichen Chinon (IV), beschrieben.
Liquid-delivery MOCVD: chemical and process perspectives on ferro-electric thin film growth (2000)

MOCVD processes for (Ba,Sr)TiO3 (BST) and Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT) are described based on different metal – organic precursors. In the case of BST, processes using polyamine and tetraglyme adducts of group II metals were compared. Similar incorporation efficiencies were obtained at 640 °C for both adducts, and electrical properties were comparable. Delivery methodologies were compared using the tetraglyme adducts for BST. Composition control was equivalent using liquid mass flow controllers versus a positive displacement pump. For PZT, Zr(thd)4 and Zr(OiPr)2(thd)2 were compared as source materials in combination with Ti(OiPr)2(thd)2 and Pb(thd)2(pmdeta). The mixed ligand Zr source increased Zr incorporation efficiency by a factor of nearly eight for otherwise equivalent processes centred at 590 °C, and run to run repeatability was 0.1 at% for Pb and 0.6 at% for Zr (1 σ) over a series of more than 300 films. The electrical properties of thin film PZT deposited with Zr(OiPr)2(thd)2 compared favourably with those obtained previously with Zr(thd)4. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Smart Eyewear for Interaction and Activity Recognition (2015)

vice class with a lot of possibilities for user interac- tion design and unobtrusive activity tracking. In this paper we show applications using an early prototype of J!NS MEME, smart glasses with integrated electrodes to detect eye movements (Electrooculography, EOG) and motion sensors (accelerometer and gyroscope) to monitor head motions. We present several demonstrations: We show a simple eye movement visualization, detecting left/right eye motion and blink. Additionally, users can play a game, "Blinky Bird". They need to help a bird avoid obstacles using eye movements. We implemented online detection of reading and talking behavior using a combination of blink, eye movement and head motion. We can give people a long term view of their reading, talking, and also walking activity over the day.
LOP15 (2012)

Broelsch, G.F.; Lee, J.; Kirkham, J.; Samayoa, J.-C.; Fernandes, J.; McCormack, M.; Nicholls, A.; Randolph, M.; Austen, W.G. Jr. Author Information