gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reliable, Low-Cost Distributed Generator/Utility System Interconnect: Final Subcontract Report, November 2001-March 2004 (2006)

This report summarizes the detailed study and development of new GE anti-islanding controls for two classes of distributed generation. One is inverter-interfaced, while the other is synchronous machine interfaced.
Integrated LiNbO3 modulator for high-speed optical quadrature phase shift keying (2006)

We investigated high-speed optical differential quadrature-shift-keying (DQPSK) modulation using an integrated LiNbO3 modulator with two sub Mach-Zehnder structures. A bias condition monitor technique was also proposed for automatic bias control in DQPSK modulation.
Optimization for thermal and electrical wiring for a flip-chip package using physical-neural network modeling (1998)

It is shown in this paper that artificial neural networks (ANNs) offer an attractive approach to finding a global optimum for both thermal and electrical wiring performance in electronic packages. The variables used for the optimization are internal thermal resistance, and electrical wiring both of which are expressed as functions of size and number of vias. First, the thermal calculations are performed by solving the steady heat conduction equation in a three-dimensional (3-D) domain. The temperature profiles and chip-to-case thermal resistances are obtained for different number and sizes of thermal vias. This thermal data set is used to "train" an ANN model. Our "simple to complex" and simultaneous testing and training procedure is used to develop an appropriate network with best predictive capabilities. Then, an algebraic expression for the electrical wiring density on the chip is derived as a function of the via number and size for a simple wiring layout. Using this expression along with the ANN model for the thermal resistance, we illustrate an efficient optimization method. The approach is general and is easily extendible to other more complex situations.
Contrast-enhancing Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy: Radiological and Pathological Correlations: Case Report (1996)

We have reported another atypical radiographic characteristic of PML associated with HIV. We conclude that PML lesions can enhance after the administration of gadolinium. Therefore, the diagnosis of PML must be entertained in patients whose test results were positive for HIV with contrast-enhancing lesions and that a stereotactic serial biopsy may be necessary to provide a definitive diagnosis.
High failure rate of first arterio-venous fistula in patients starting hemodialysis treatment: a report from the Ivory Coast. (2008)

This study was conducted in order to identify the failure rate of the first arterio-venous fistula (AVF) in patients starting hemodialysis (HD) with a central venous catheter (CVC) and to search for factors responsible for this failure. A retrospective study was conducted on 85 patients on chronic HD in Abidjan, from March 15 th to April 15 th , 2007. Factors that could potentially influence the failure of the first AVF were collected. Statistical analysis was used for comparison between groups. Among the study subjects, 7.14% had AVF at the start of their dialysis as against 92.86% who had CVC. About 50% of the patients starting dialysis with CVC failed to have an AVF created within 90 days of commencing dialysis. The number of catheters inserted was significantly higher in patients with failed first AVF as compared to their counterparts (49.29 % versus 30.77%) (p< 0.001). Similarly, the number of attempts at AVF creation, within 90 days of starting HD, was significantly higher in patients with failed first AVF (81.48% versus 18.52%) (p< 0.001). Multivariate analysis did not reveal any specific factor(s) that influenced the failure rate of the first AVF. Our study suggests that a very small number of patients in Ivory Coast started dialysis with an AVF. The failure rate of the first AVF in patients starting dialysis on CVC is about 50%.
Dynamic Glucose-Enhanced (DGE) MRI: Translation to Human Scanning and First Results in Glioma Patients (2015)

Recent animal studies have shown that D-glucose is a potential biodegradable MRI contrast agent for imaging glucose uptake in tumors. Here, we show the first translation of that use of D-glucose to human studies. Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI at a single frequency offset optimized for detection of hydroxyl protons in D-glucose (glucoCEST) was used to image dynamic signal changes in the human brain at 7T during and after infusion of D-glucose. Dynamic glucose-enhanced (DGE) image data from four normal volunteers and three glioma patients showed strong signal enhancement in blood vessels, while the enhancement varied spatially over the tumor. Areas of enhancement differed spatially between DGE and conventional Gd-enhanced imaging, suggesting complementary image information content for these two types of agents. In addition, different tumor areas enhanced with D-glucose at different times post-infusion, suggesting a sensitivity to perfusion-related properties such as substrate delivery and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. These preliminary results suggest that DGE MRI is feasible to study glucose uptake in humans, providing a time-dependent set of data that contains information regarding arterial input function (AIF), tissue perfusion, glucose transport across the BBB and cell membrane, and glucose metabolism.
Out of Tune: Why Copyright Law Needs Music Lessons (2014)

This chapter offers a critical analysis of copyright law that integrates insights from music. The authors argue that the unique qualities of musical works magnify the mismatch between creative practices and copyright doctrine, and suggest that an interdisciplinary analysis can shine a revealing light on both the problem and potential paths to improvement. Beginning with an overview of copyright doctrine in Canada in respect of musical works and music infringement claims, the authors then borrow analytical concepts from the discipline of music theory to problematize copyright’s “reasonable listener” test for determining substantial copying. Using a specially-designed musical composition, the authors illustrate how and why this test may fail to perform its necessary role in the infringement analysis. The authors conclude by identifying some ways in which the legal analysis could be improved, including a more extensive use of both expert and survey evidence, and greater consideration of the accepted norms and practices of the relevant creative community. The overarching aim of this chapter is to demonstrate the importance of bringing the insights from musical and other creative disciplines to bear on the law of copyright, so that it might more accurately reflect the very practices it is meant to encourage.
IRE1α Disruption in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cooperates with Antiangiogenic Therapy by Reversing ER Stress Adaptation and Remodeling the Tumor Microenvironment (2020)

Cancer cells exploit the unfolded protein response (UPR) to mitigate endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress caused by cellular oncogene activation and a hostile tumor microenvironment (TME). The key UPR sensor IRE1α resides in the ER and deploys a cytoplasmic kinase-endoribonuclease module to activate the transcription factor XBP1s, which facilitates ER-mediated protein folding. Studies of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC)-a highly aggressive malignancy with a dismal posttreatment prognosis-implicate XBP1s in promoting tumor vascularization and progression. However, it remains unknown whether IRE1α adapts the ER in TNBC cells and modulates their TME, and whether IRE1α inhibition can enhance antiangiogenic therapy-previously found to be ineffective in patients with TNBC. To gauge IRE1α function, we defined an XBP1s-dependent gene signature, which revealed significant IRE1α pathway activation in multiple solid cancers, including TNBC. IRE1α knockout in TNBC cells markedly reversed substantial ultrastructural expansion of their ER upon growth <i>in vivo</i>. IRE1α disruption also led to significant remodeling of the cellular TME, increasing pericyte numbers while decreasing cancer-associated fibroblasts and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Pharmacologic IRE1α kinase inhibition strongly attenuated growth of cell line-based and patient-derived TNBC xenografts in mice and synergized with anti-VEGFA treatment to cause tumor stasis or regression. Thus, TNBC cells critically rely on IRE1α to adapt their ER to <i>in vivo</i> stress and to adjust the TME to facilitate malignant growth. TNBC reliance on IRE1α is an important vulnerability that can be uniquely exploited in combination with antiangiogenic therapy as a promising new biologic approach to combat this lethal disease. SIGNIFICANCE: Pharmacologic IRE1α kinase inhibition reverses ultrastructural distension of the ER, normalizes the tumor vasculature, and remodels the cellular TME, attenuating TNBC growth in mice.
Potential roles for presenilin-1 in oxygen sensing and in glial-specific gene expression (2004)

The integral membrane glycoprotein presenilin-1 (PS1), in concert with beta-secretase and beta amyloid precursor protein (betaAPP), orchestrate cleavage of betaAPP into amyloidogenic Abeta peptides. To gain further insight into PS1 function, we undertook a gene expression profiling study that interrogated the expression of 12,000 genes in the forebrain of PS1-hypomorphic mice that exhibit highly attenuated PS1 activity. Using stringent RNA screening, DNA array and Northern assay, we report significant down-regulation in the expression of betaAPP and hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1alpha), and a marked up-regulation in the expression of glial-specific markers that include S100beta protein, glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase, and glial fibrillary acidic protein. These data suggest potential roles for PS1 in the cellular response to hypoxia and glial-specific gene expression.
The lncRNA PCAT29 Inhibits Oncogenic Phenotypes in Prostate Cancer (2014)

This study identifies PCAT29 as the first androgen receptor-repressed lncRNA that functions as a tumor suppressor and that its loss may identify a subset of patients at higher risk for disease recurrence. Visual Overview: http://mcr.aacrjournals.org/content/early/2014/07/31/1541-7786.MCR-14-0257/F1.large.jpg.
Capacitively Coupled Plasma With Widely Spaced Confinement Grid (2008)

A 3-D plasma model is used to understand the behavior of a capacitively coupled plasma in the vicinity of widely spaced (relative to sheath thickness) metal lines. It is found that electron power deposition is enhanced adjacent to the metal grid, increasing the local plasma density. In addition, the electrically discontinuous nature of the metal grid is observed to azimuthally perturb the plasma up to several centimeters from the metal grid lines.
Distributed fiber-optic sensing in a high-temperature solid-oxide fuel cell (2016)

High temperature solid-oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) present a challenging harsh environment for sensor systems with temperatures above 800C and ambient hydrogen concentration potentially ranging from 0-100% across the cell’s anode. A strong gradient exists in both gas concentration and temperature from the fuel-inlet to outlet as fuel is consumed across the cell. We report a technique for measuring the spatial distribution of temperature along a solid-oxide fuel-cell interconnect channel using a distributed interrogation system coupled with a single-mode fiber optic thin-film evanescent wave absorption sensor. These sensors are to be operated inside an operating fuel-cell stack yielding spatially distributed measurements with sub-millimeter accuracy. Details are presented pertinent to the stable operation of silica optical fibers in the presence of high hydrogen concentration which can induce optical fiber losses. The stability of Rayleigh scattering centers is discussed with regard to the operational environment. The potential for extension of the approach to chemical (i.e. hydrogen) sensing as well as dual hydrogen/temperature sensor fabrication and stabilization are also briefly discussed.
Thermoelectric CO Gas Sensor Using Thin-Film Catalyst of Au and Co[sub 3]O[sub 4] (2003)

Thin-film catalysts of gold and cobalt oxide were prepared by magnetron radio frequency sputtering deposition on magnesia substrate by cosputtering Au and We investigated the catalytic activity of this thin-film catalyst for CO gas and found that the catalytic activity was influenced strongly by the contents of the supported oxides in the thin film. Using this catalyst, a thermoelectric gas sensor of [Au, was developed to detect carbon monoxide gas. When this sensor is exposed to the gas mixture of air and CO, the catalytic reaction oxidation of CO heats up the catalyst-coated surface and then thermoelectric voltage builds up along the hot and cold region of the thermoelectric film of SiGe. The sensor of [Au, showed a temperature increase of about 6.6°C in the hot region and an output voltage signal of about 0.63 mV for 3% CO in air at 200°C. The sensor showed a clear voltage signal with good linearity for the target gas content in the range 0.05-3.0% and high selectivity for CO gas at 200°C. © 2003 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Issues in applying data mining to grid job failure detection and diagnosis (2008)

As grid computation systems become larger and more complex, manually diagnosing failures in jobs becomes impractical. Recently, machine-learning techniques have been proposed to detect a variety of application failures in grids. While this is a promising approach, there are many options as to how to apply machine learning to this problem, and it not always obvious which approaches are feasible or effective. We explore some issues that arise when we try to apply existing implementations of data mining algorithms to diagnose as well as predict job failures in grids. We demonstrate that a) it is feasible to gather enough data in real-time to train useful classifier algorithms, using only a small fraction of the grid's computational resources, b) it is important to choose the features used for classification with care, and c) it is useful to have both per-user and system-wide classifiers, as they diagnose different kinds of problems. We illustrate all these issues using a prototype system that runs over the Condor grid computation platform [3].
Radioactive Uranium Preconcentration via Self-Propelled Autonomous Microrobots Based on Metal–Organic Frameworks (2019)

Self-propelled micromachines have recently attracted attention for environmental remediation, yet their use for radioactive waste management has not been addressed. Engineered micromotors that are able to combine highly adsorptive capabilities together with fast autonomous motion in liquid media are promising tools for the removal of nuclear waste, which is one of the most difficult types to manage. Herein, we fabricate self-propelled micromotors based on metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) <i>via</i> template-based interfacial synthesis and show their potential for efficient removal of radioactive uranium. A crucial challenge of the MOF-based motors is their stability in the presence of fuel (hydrogen peroxide) and acidic media. We have ensured their structural stability by Fe doping of zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8). The implementation of magnetic ferroferric oxide nanoparticles (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> NPs) and catalytic platinum nanoparticles (Pt NPs) results in the magnetically responsive and bubble-propelled micromotors. In the presence of 5 wt % H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, these micromotors are propelled at a high speed of ca. 860 ± 230 μm·s<sup>-1</sup> (<i>i.e.</i>, >60 body lengths per second), which is significantly faster than that of other microrod-based motors in the literature. These micromotors demonstrate a highly efficient removal of uranium (96%) from aqueous solution within 1 h, with the subsequent recovery under magnetic control, as well as stable recycling ability and high selectivity. Such self-propelled magnetically recoverable micromotors could find a role in the management and remediation of radioactive waste.
A general framework for open-loop pivoting (2015)

Pivoting is the rotation of an object between two fingers using gravity and inertial forces to impart angular momentum. We present an analysis of the mechanics of pivoting and a framework for planning and execution. Extrinsic dexterity was defined by Chavan-Dafle et al. [1] as the use of external forces, such as gravity and inertial forces in post grasp manipulation. We analyze one such regrasp termed “pivoting” by Rao et al. [2]. We find a grasp and arm trajectory which can rotate an object between stable poses, if any. We demonstrate an implementation of pivoting with an ABB industrial arm and a two fingered gripper.
Calculated Production of High-Energy Neutrons by 800-MeV Protons (1992)

High Energy Transport Code (HETC) calculations were performed for 800-MeV protons incident on thin targets of various materials. The objective was to enhance the fraction of high-energy neutrons (E &amp;gt; 100 MeV) while maintaining a reasonable yield. A high yield of neutrons with energies greater than 100 MeV in companson to neutrons in the 5-MeV range can provide an experimental tool to study high-energy neutron radiation damage effects, activation, and other transmutation. It is shown that the preferential production of high-energy neutrons (E &amp;gt; 100 MeV) requires the use of light nuclei such as boron or beryllium. This is due to the fact that the intranuclear cascades in light nuclei are small enough so that very few nucleons share the energy of incoming particles. Furthermore, production of low-energy neutrons is suppressed since neutrons are mainly produced by direct particle-neutron interactions in the target material The paper also shows that fairly large variations in the target thickness do not affect the neutron spectrum for all targets studied This is because mean free paths of both incoming protons and outgoing neutrons are much larger than the target dimensions. In this work an effort is made only to maximize the high-energy neutron production in targets. However, to build a useful experimental facility for high-energy neutrons, one would need to calculate m detail the angular dependence of primary and secondary proton fluxes as well as scattered neutron fluxes from surrounding materials.
PhonePark: Street Parking Using Mobile Phones (2012)

Real-time street parking availability information is important in urban areas, and if available could reduce congestion, pollution, and gas consumption. In this paper, an advanced street parking system called PhonePark is presented. Using the GPS, accelerometer, and Bluetooth sensors on a traveler's mobile phone, in conjunction with geospatial data, we can automatically detect when and where the traveler parked her car, and when she released a parking slot.
Photoluminescence Spectroscopy of Natural Resins and Organic Binding Media of Paintings (1991)

The photoluminescence spectra of a variety of natural resins and organic binding media used on paintings are reported. A few mixtures of these materials with one another and with pigments were also studied. The application of this technique toward the identification of these materials is considered. Both bulk materials and films prepared from selected bulk materials were studied, and a comparison is made between the bulk and film samples. Temperature and excitation wavelength studies are reported and discussed for several of the samples.
Inferring input nonlinearities in neural encoding models (2008)

We describe a class of models that predict how the instantaneous firing rate of a neuron depends on a dynamic stimulus. The models utilize a learnt pointwise nonlinear transform of the stimulus, followed by a linear filter that acts on the sequence of transformed inputs. In one case, the nonlinear transform is the same at all filter lag-times. Thus, this "input nonlinearity" converts the initial numerical representation of stimulus value to a new representation that provides optimal input to the subsequent linear model. We describe algorithms that estimate both the input nonlinearity and the linear weights simultaneously; and present techniques to regularise and quantify uncertainty in the estimates. In a second approach, the model is generalized to allow a different nonlinear transform of the stimulus value at each lag-time. Although more general, this model is algorithmically more straightforward to fit. However, it has many more degrees of freedom than the first approach, thus requiring more data for accurate estimation. We test the feasibility of these methods on synthetic data, and on responses from a neuron in rodent barrel cortex. The models are shown to predict responses to novel data accurately, and to recover several important neuronal response properties.
QoE-aware priority marking and traffic management for H.264/SVC-based mobile video delivery (2013)

Mobile network operators experience a rapid increase of traffic in their networks that is mainly driven by the growing popularity of mobile video applications. They partly compensate this traffic increase by improved transmission technology and network densification. Supporting videos at high quality during peak traffic, however, does not scale economically. Instead, means are required for the operator to adapt the bitrate of the videos to the current network situation. Scalable Video Coding (SVC) provides a convenient way to adapt the bitrates of video streams in the network by dropping bit stream layers. From resource utilization point of view, the limitation of SVC is that the layer structure does not allow an operator to compare the importance of two layers of different videos with respect to their contribution to the user-perceived video quality. In existing solutions, the limitation is resolved by implementing sophisticated optimization algorithms at network bottlenecks for optimal rate adaptation among multiple videos.
On-the-Fly Wavelength Conversion of Photons by Dynamic Control of Photonic Waveguides (2010)

We demonstrate experimentally on-the-fly wavelength conversion of photons as they propagate along a photonic crystal waveguide by dynamically controlling the waveguide mode. This allows for a broad-band, highly efficient form of wavelength conversion without the restrictive resonator systems considered necessary until now. On-the-fly wavelength conversion can be directly integrated with other photonic nano-devices to provide dynamic functionality. This technique is anticipated to have a significant impact on various applications including advanced photonic circuits, stopping (or slowing) light and quantum information processing.
<title>Polarization characterization of self-imaging GaAs/AlGaAs waveguide beamsplitters using Mueller matrix imaging polarimetry</title> (1997)

Mueller matrix imaging polarimetry represents a novel means of characterizing the polarization effects of optoelectronic devices. The Mueller matrix contains the complete polarization properties of a sample, and can therefore be used to calculate properties such as phase retardance, polarization dependant losses and polarization crosstalk. The complete polarization properties of a series of GaAs/AlGaAs self-imaging waveguide beamsplitters were measured with an imaging Mueller matrix polarimeter. Polarization properties were mapped across high resolution images of the devices' outcoupling faces, and the uniformity of the polarization properties was measured. Properties investigated include magnitude and orientation of linear retardance, polarization dependant losses, and crosstalk between TE and TM modes.