gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ethanol-Prostaglandin Interactions in Contraction of Vascular Smooth Muscle (1976)

The present results, using isolated rat aortic strips and portal vein segments, demonstrate that ethanol (5-430 mM) can both enhance and attenuate the contractile actions of a variety of prostaglandin (PG) compounds on at least two different types of vascular smooth muscle. At the very least, the present findings question the use of ethanol as a solvent when investigating the contractile actions of PG molecules on smooth muscle.
Monetite-based composite cranial implants demonstrate long-term clinical volumetric balance by concomitant bone formation and degradation (2021)

The use of calcium phosphates (CaPs) as synthetic bone substitutes should ideally result in a volumetric balance with concomitant bone formation and degradation. Clinical data on such properties is nevertheless lacking, especially for monetite-based CaPs. However, a monetite-based composite implant has recently shown promising cranial reconstructions, with both CaP degradation and bone formation. In this study, the volumetric change at the implant site was quantified longitudinally by clinical computed tomography (CT). The retrospective CT datasets had been acquired postoperatively (n = 10), in 1-year (n = 9) and 3-year (n = 5) follow-ups. In the 1-year follow-up, the total volumetric change at the implant site was -8 ± 8%. A volumetric increase (bone formation) was found in the implant-bone interface, and a volumetric decrease was observed in the central region (CaP degradation). In the subjects with 2- or 3-year follow-ups, the rate of volumetric decrease slowed down or plateaued. The reported degradation rate is lower than previous clinical studies on monetite, likely due to the presence of pyrophosphate in the monetite-based CaP-formulation. A 31-months retrieval specimen analysis demonstrated that parts of the CaP had been remodeled into bone. The CaP phase composition remained stable, with 6% transformation into hydroxyapatite. In conclusion, this study demonstrates successful bone-bonding between the CaP-material and the recipient bone, as well as a long-term volumetric balance in cranial defects repaired with the monetite-based composite implant, which motivates further clinical use. The developed methods could be used in future studies for correlating spatiotemporal information regarding bone regeneration and CaP degradation to e.g. patient demographics. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In bone defect reconstructions, the use of calcium phosphate (CaP) bioceramics ideally results in a volumetric balance between bone formation and CaP degradation. Clinical data on the volumetric balance is nevertheless lacking, especially for monetite-based CaPs. Here, this concept is investigated for a composite cranial implant. The implant volumes were quantified from clinical CT-data: postoperatively, one year and three years postoperatively. In total, -8 ± 8% (n = 9) volumetric change was observed after one year. But the change plateaued, with only 2% additional decrease at the 3-year follow-up (n = 5), indicating a lower CaP degradation rate. Osseointegration was seen at the bone-implant interface, with a 9 ± 7% volumetric change after one year. This study presented the first quantitative spatiotemporal CT analysis of monetite-based CaPs.
Effects of UV cure on glass structure and fracture properties of nanoporous carbon-doped oxide thin films (2008)

The effects of UV radiation curing on the glass structure and fracture properties were examined for a class of nanoporous organosilicate low dielectric constant films. A detailed characterization by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed significant changes in the glass structure with increasing curing time, marked by the removal of terminal organic groups and increased network-forming bonds following the initial removal of porogen material. The higher degree of film connectivity brought about by an increased cure duration is demonstrated to significantly enhance adhesive fracture properties and to moderately improve cohesive fracture resistance. Explanations for the enhanced fracture behavior are considered in terms of the glass structure. The important role of crack path selection during adhesive and cohesive fracture processes is used to rationalize the observed behavior.
Engkabang (illipe)—an excellent component for cocoa butter equivalent fat (1992)

Abstract This paper studies the physico‐chemical characteristics of the fats of three species of engkabang (illipe): Shorea macrophylla, Shorea mecistopteryx and Shorea singkawang , to assess their potential as cocoa butter replacer fats. A comparison of the solid fat content and fatty acid composition of these species with those of cocoa butter and a commercial sample of illipe ( Shorea stenoptera ), indicated that S macrophylla and S mecistopteryx could be used as cocoa butter replacer fats. S singkawang , however, had less potential in this area. The fat of S macrophylla species when further evaluated in dark chocolate formulations in blends with palm‐mid fraction, made an effective cocoa butter equivalent fat.
A Fundamental Model for Predicting Fuel Consumption, NOxand HC Emissions of the Conventional Spark-Ignited Engine (1980)

Abstract A model of the four-stroke S.I. engine cycle has been developed which predicts fuel consumption, NOx and HC emissions as a function of engine design and operating conditions. The model is primarily thermodynamic in nature containing no formal spatial dependence. The major new features of the model are: first, a treatment of heat transfer which confines heat losses to a boundary layer region surrounding a central adiabatic core; second, an integral boundary-layer analysis of in-cylinder burnup of quenched hydrocarbons; and third, a calculation of exhaust port HC oxidation which considers the temperature history of each element of gas leaving the cylinder. The main adjustable parameters of the model relate to the rate of heat transfer and the ratio of the two-plate quench to the single-wall thickness. An extensive comparison of model predictions with experimental CFR engine data is presented. The results show excellent agreement between predicted and experimental fuel consumption and NOx emissions. Predicted trends of HC emissions were excellent for variations in spark timing, EGR, and A/F ratio for stoichiometric and lean conditions, while under rich conditions, predicted HC levels fell below experiment. Only fair agreement with experiment was obtained for HC predictions under conditions of varying speed und load. The adjusted ratio of initial one-wall to two-plate quench thickness in the present calculations was found to be six times the expected laminar value, suggesting that the actual process of quenching and in-cylinder burnup is more complex than the essentially laminar, single-step kinetics treatment employed or that additional sources of HC are present which have not been taken into account in the model.
Leukotriene A4 Hydrolase: Biology, Inhibitors and Clinical Applications (2012)

Leukotriene A4 hydrolase is a zinc-containing cytosolic enzyme with both hydrolase and aminopeptidase activity. LTA4H stereospecifically catalyzes the transformation of the unstable epoxide LTA4 to the potent pro-inflammatory mediator LTB4. Variations in the lta4h gene have been linked to susceptibility to multiple diseases including myocardial infarction, stroke and asthma. Pre-clinical animal models and human biomarker data have implicated LTB4 in inflammatory diseases. Several groups have now identified selective inhibitors of LTA4H, many of which were influenced by the disclosure of a protein crystal structure a decade ago. Clinical validation of LTA4H remains elusive despite the progression of inhibitors into pre-clinical and clinical development.
Finite Element Simulation of Process Control of Bolt Tightening for Joints With Non-Parallel Contact (2012)

In this paper, 3-D finite element analysis (FEA) is used for simulating and evaluating the various process control methods that are commonly used in the automated assembly of bolted joints. A joint model with non-parallel contact under the bolt head is used. The FEA model takes into account the thread helix angle of the fastener. Simulation includes the torque-only and the torque-turn process control methods for achieving a desired level of the bolt preload at initial assembly of the joint. The torque-only process control option is simulated by applying a target peak torque value at which the tightening process is stopped. On the other hand, a torque-angle method is simulated by first applying a low level (threshold) torque (to the bolt head) after which the bolt head (or nut) would be rotated by a specified angle of turn, in order to achieve the desired bolt tension. The effect of thread and underhead bearing friction coefficients as well as the hole size are investigated. The FEA simulation provided in this study would be helpful for developing reliable tightening strategies for joints with (as cast) non-parallel bearing surfaces.
Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Solar Cell: Bridging Quantum Dots to Conjugated Polymer Nanowires (2011)

Quantum dots show great promise for fabrication of hybrid bulk heterojunction solar cells with enhanced power conversion efficiency, yet controlling the morphology and interface structure on the nanometer length scale is challenging. Here, we demonstrate quantum dot-based hybrid solar cells with improved electronic interaction between donor and acceptor components, resulting in significant improvement in short-circuit current and open-circuit voltage. CdS quantum dots were bound onto crystalline P3HT nanowires through solvent-assisted grafting and ligand exchange, leading to controlled organic-inorganic phase separation and an improved maximum power conversion efficiency of 4.1% under AM 1.5 solar illumination. Our approach can be applied to a wide range of quantum dots and polymer hybrids and is compatible with solution processing, thereby offering a general scheme for improving the efficiency of nanocrystal hybrid solar cells.
Mild Hypothermia: An Alternative to Deep Hypothermia for Achieving Neuroprotection (1998)

The role of excitotoxins in the ischemic cascade that results in ischemic neuronal death has been clearly defined and has brought about attempts to halt the progression of neurologic damage. Improved understanding of this process has allowed for the development of interventions to optimize neurologic outcome following periods of ischemia. Deep hypothermia (15-22 degrees C) has long been recognized as one method of achieving neuroprotection, but is not without serious implications and risks to the patient. Mild hypothermia (32-34 degrees C) is evolving as an alternative neuroprotective measure that has been shown to improve neurologic outcome in experimental models of ischemia and head injury, as well as in recent head injury clinical trials. It has been safely used intraoperatively in a large series of patients undergoing craniotomy. Mild hypothermia is a technique that may soon be commonly employed alone or in conjunction with other methods of neuroprotection. Nurses caring for patients undergoing this technique must be aware of the practice implications associated with this procedure and adapt their care accordingly.
Chemogenetic Activation of Hypoglossal Motoneurons in Neuromuscular Disease (2022)

The tongue is essential for breathing, swallowing, mastication, speech, coughing, and suckling. Many conditions and neuromuscular diseases are associated with lingual dysfunction, making it a priority to develop treatments which can improve tongue motor function. Our laboratory established that intralingual delivery of adeno‐associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9) encoding a particular gene can drive expression of that gene in hypoglossal motoneurons (XII MNs). This method can also drive expression of designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) in XII MNs (Fleury‐Curado et al, 2021). Here we tested if intralingual delivery of AAV9‐hSyn‐hM3(Gq)‐mCherry could drive functional DREADD expression in XII MNs in a mouse model exhibiting tongue neuromuscular pathology. Specifically, we studied a mouse model of Pompe disease ( Gaa‐/‐ ). The prevalence of Pompe disease is estimated to be 1 per 8,700 live births and is associated with macroglossia, dysphagia, dysarthria, sleep disordered breathing, and XII MN pathology. Intralingual injections of AAV9‐hSyn‐hM3(Gq)‐mCherry (2.4 x 10 11 vg) or saline (sham) were administered to the base of tongue in anesthetized Pompe mice (AAV9‐DREADD n=11, saline n=4) or wild type (C57BL//6J mice (AAV9‐DREADD, n=5) at 4‐6 weeks of age. Lingual EMG activity was measured during spontaneous breathing under isoflurane anesthesia 12 weeks later. Tonic and phasic inspiratory EMG responses to intraperitoneal injection of saline (i.e., vehicle) or the DREADD ligand JHU37160‐dihydrochloride (J60) were assessed. Saline produced no significant changes in lingual EMG measures. All Pompe mice studied responded to J60 with an increase in tonic lingual EMG activity (time to response, TTR = 219±68 seconds; 1034±350% baseline at 30 min). Only 1 of 5 mice showed discernable increase in tonic EMG output after J60. The DREADD ligand produced an increase in phasic inspiratory bursting in all Pompe mice (TTR = 197±78 seconds; 506±248% baseline at 30 min). The increase in phasic bursting also occurred in all WT mice (TTR = 161±22 seconds; 512±151% baseline at 30 min). The DREADD ligand also caused a decrease in respiratory rate (bursts per minute) that was more pronounced in Pompe mice (79±5% baseline at 30 min post‐J60) compared to WT mice (91±12% baseline at 30 min post‐J60. Histological evaluation of the medulla confirmed expression of the mCherry fluorophore in XII MNs in all animals that received intralingual injection of AAV9‐hSyn‐hM3(Gq)‐mCherry. We conclude that intralingual delivery of an AAV9 vector encoding a DREADD can drive functional expression of DREADDs in XII MNs in a mouse model of Pompe disease that displays lingual myofiber atrophy and XII MN pathology. Thus, the ongoing neuromuscular pathology did not prevent the efficacy of chemogenetic tongue muscle activation. Indeed, the DREADD ligand caused a robust increase in both tonic and phasic lingual EMG activity in Pompe mice. The tonic EMG response appears to be more consistent in Pompe vs WT mice.
Discrete logic modelling as a means to link protein signalling networks with functional analysis of mammalian signal transduction (2009)

Large-scale protein signalling networks are useful for exploring complex biochemical pathways but do not reveal how pathways respond to specific stimuli. Such specificity is critical for understanding disease and designing drugs. Here we describe a computational approach--implemented in the free CNO software--for turning signalling networks into logical models and calibrating the models against experimental data. When a literature-derived network of 82 proteins covering the immediate-early responses of human cells to seven cytokines was modelled, we found that training against experimental data dramatically increased predictive power, despite the crudeness of Boolean approximations, while significantly reducing the number of interactions. Thus, many interactions in literature-derived networks do not appear to be functional in the liver cells from which we collected our data. At the same time, CNO identified several new interactions that improved the match of model to data. Although missing from the starting network, these interactions have literature support. Our approach, therefore, represents a means to generate predictive, cell-type-specific models of mammalian signalling from generic protein signalling networks.
ChemInform Abstract: Kinetics of the Catalytic Cracking of Paraffins at Very Short Times on Stream (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Automated measurement and analysis of MIS interfaces in narrow-bandgap semiconductors (1981)

A computerized system for simultaneous measurement of high-frequency and quasi-static MIS capacitance is described. The importance of this simultaneity in the application of various analysis methods to MIS devices in narrow-bandgap semiconductors is discussed. Results on the interfaces of mercury-cadmium-telluride with zinc sulfide and anodic oxide are given.
Polymer producing palladium complexes of unidentate phosphines in the methoxycarbonylation of ethene (2008)

A wide range of unidentate phosphines have been studied as ligands for the palladium-catalysed methoxycarbonylation of ethene in the presence of methanesulfonic acid using methanol as the solvent. At high phosphine to Pd ratios, methyl propanoate is formed at a low rate. However, at P-Pd ratios of 4 : 1, some unidentate phosphines promote the formation of polyketone with moderate rates. Analysis of all the phosphines shows that good electron donating power, combined with small size, favours polyketone formation.
Progress in silicon etching by in-situ dc microplasmas (2002)

This paper reports on the etching of Si using spatially confined SF/sub 6/ microplasmas that are generated by applying a DC bias across a metal-polyimide-metal electrode stack patterned on a sample substrate. The typical operating pressure and power density are in the range of 1-20 Torr and 1-10 W/cm/sup 2/, respectively. The plasma confinement can be varied from <100 /spl mu/m to >1 cm by variations in the electrode area, operating pressure, and power. Etch rates of 4-17 /spl mu/m/min have been achieved. The etch rate per unit power density increases with increasing pressure, while the plasma resistance decreases with increasing power density. In a shared anode configuration, which is suitable for small feature sizes, reducing the trench width from 106 /spl mu/m to 6 /spl mu/m reduces the etch rate by 14%. Numerical modeling is used to correlate variations in the local electric fields to measured trends in the etch rate and asymmetry in the etch profile.
Development and Validation of an HPLC Method for the Quantitative Analysis of Bromophenolic Compounds in the Red Alga Vertebrata lanosa (2019)

Bromophenols are a class of compounds occurring in red algae that are thought to play a role in chemical protection; however, their exact function is still not fully known. In order to investigate their occurrence, pure standards of seven bromophenols were isolated from a methanolic extract of the epiphytic red alga <i>Vertebrata lanosa</i> collected in Brittany, France. The structures of all compounds were determined by NMR and MS. Among the isolated substances, one new natural product, namely, 2-amino-5-(3-(2,3-dibromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl)ureido)pentanoic acid was identified. An HPLC method for the separation of all isolated substances was developed using a Phenomenex C8(2) Luna column and a mobile phase comprising 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid in water and acetonitrile. Method validation showed that the applied procedure is selective, linear (R<sup>2</sup> 0.999), precise (intra-day ≤ 6.28%, inter-day ≤ 5.21%), and accurate (with maximum displacement values of 4.93% for the high spikes, 4.80% for the medium spikes, and 4.30% for the low spikes). For all standards limits of detection (LOD) were lower than 0.04 μg/mL and limits of quantification (LOQ) lower than 0.12 μg/mL. Subsequently, the method was applied to determine the bromophenol content in <i>Vertebrata lanosa</i> samples from varying sampling sites and collection years showing values between 0.678 and 0.005 mg/g dry weight for different bromophenols with significant variations between the sampling years. Bioactivity of seven isolated bromophenols was tested in agar diffusion tests against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i> bacteria. Three compounds showed a small zone of inhibition against both test organisms at a concentration of 100 µg/mL.
A still image encoder based on adaptive resolution vector quantization realizing compression ratio over 1/200 featuring needless calculation elimination architecture (2003)

We have developed an advanced vector quantization (VQ) encoding hardware for still image encoding systems. By utilizing needless calculation elimination method, computational cost of VQ encoding is reduced to 40% or less, while maintaining the accuracy of full-search VQ. We have also developed a still image compression algorithm based on adaptive resolution VQ (AR-VQ), which realizes compression ratio over 1/200 while maintaining image quality. We have successfully implemented these two technologies into a still image encoding processor. The processor can compress still image of 1600/spl times/2400 pixels within one second, which is 60 times faster than software implementation on current PCs.
Rapid Access to Bi‐ and Tri‐Functionalized Dibenzofurans and their Application in Selective Suzuki–Miyaura Cross Coupling Reactions (2018)

Syntheses of 1,2‐, 1,3‐, 1,4‐, 1,8‐, 2,4‐, 3,4‐, 4,8‐, 1,2,4‐, 1,2,8‐ and 1,3,4‐functionalized dibenzofurans in few steps with good to excellent yields starting from dibenzofuran‐1‐ol or ‐4‐ol are presented. These rapidly accessible bi‐ or tri‐functionalized building blocks are of great interest for the synthesis of bioactive substances or functional material development. Furthermore, for intermediates containing both a bromine and a triflate moiety, a selective mono‐substitution by means of Suzuki–Miyaura reaction (SMR) is described.
DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION OF NEUROKININ RECEPTOR SUBTYPES IN UROTHELIUM AND DETRUSOR OF HUMAN BLADDER (2008)

You have accessJournal of Urology1 Apr 2008DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION OF NEUROKININ RECEPTOR SUBTYPES IN UROTHELIUM AND DETRUSOR OF HUMAN BLADDER Brian J Philips, Marc C Smaldone, Vickie L Erickson, Naoki Yoshimura, Michael B Chancellor, and Pradeep Tyagi Brian J PhilipsBrian J Philips More articles by this author , Marc C SmaldoneMarc C Smaldone More articles by this author , Vickie L EricksonVickie L Erickson More articles by this author , Naoki YoshimuraNaoki Yoshimura More articles by this author , Michael B ChancellorMichael B Chancellor More articles by this author , and Pradeep TyagiPradeep Tyagi More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(08)61037-XAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION OF NEUROKININ RECEPTOR SUBTYPES IN UROTHELIUM AND DETRUSOR OF HUMAN BLADDER." The Journal of Urology, 179(4S), p. 354 © 2008 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 179Issue 4SApril 2008Page: 354 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2008 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Brian J Philips More articles by this author Marc C Smaldone More articles by this author Vickie L Erickson More articles by this author Naoki Yoshimura More articles by this author Michael B Chancellor More articles by this author Pradeep Tyagi More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...