gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Linkage map of the chromosomal region surrounding the infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis on 1p (1992)

The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs) of childhood are divided into 3 main types according to age-of-onset, clinical course, and neurophysiological and neuropathological findings: infantile, late infantile, and juvenile. All forms are inherited as an autosomal recessive trait, and their biochemical background is still unknown. The infantile type (INCL) with the earliest age-of-onset and the most severe clinical course, occurs in Finland with an incidence of 1:20,000, i.e., 116 patients have been found in our country up to now, whereas only about 50 cases have been reported from other parts of the world. Earlier we reported the linkage of INCL to the short arm of chromosome 1. Here we describe a more precise linkage map of this area. Our current map places the INCL mutation between D1S57 and D1S79; D1S7 has so far shown no recombination events between the marker and the disease (lod score 4.55 at theta = 0.00). Our material includes 64% of all living patients in Finland, and no linkage disequilibrium of haplotypes is seen, using the 2 physically close markers D1S57 and D1S79. This finding as well as our LINKMAP analyses suggest that the distance between the disease locus and the flanking markers is about 3-4 cm.
Tribute to Michel Armand: from Rocking Chair – Li-ion to Solid-State Lithium Batteries (2020)

Professor Michel Armand is one of the world's leading scientists in the R&D of modern energy storage systems. His scientific works have been devoted to the concepts and technologies of today's batteries, in particular, mastering research on electrodes and electrolytes. With respect to innovative discoveries, Michel had several scientific breakthroughs from the description of the solidsolution electrode and rocking-chair battery to the applications of novel materials utilized in all-solid-state batteries (SSBs); these refer to Li-ion, Na-ion, Li-S, and Li-air cells. At a young age, he formalized the concept of electrochemical intercalation and fabricated the first SSB with sodium-intercalated graphite as the electrode in 1972. Subsequently, he led the use of solid polymer electrolytes and developed lithium-metal-polymer batteries with vanadium oxide as the cathode in 1978. Michel successfully conducted research in new salts topics based on delocalized anions of the sulfonimide family in 1986; his research areas included 1) organic electrode materials, i.e., innovations in redox-active organics, which included poly quinones and aromatic dicarboxylates, and 2) carbon "nano painting" process that has made LiFePO 4 @C the safest cathode in 2002. Because Michel has co-authored over 500 publications and many patents, it is impractical to fully review his outstanding contributions in electrochemistry in this work. This work is limited to a few of his contributions pertaining to the evolution of electrochemical energy storage. We further discussed different routes envisioned for further progress in rechargeable batteries.
Mechanism of improved patient tolerance to nitrous oxide in diagnostic laparoscopy. (1987)

L'etude sur 13 malades montre que le protoxyde d'azote utilise pour provoquer le pneumoperitoine pour laparoscopie n'est pas significativement absorbe par la surface peritoneale, ce qui explique que la tolerance est meilleure qu'avec le CO2
Multicore-fiber Cable with Core Density of 6 cores/mm2 (2014)

An Ultra-high density cable with 12-core MCF was presented. A fabricated cable realized core density of 6 cores/mm2. The change of crosstalk behavior before and after cabling was moderate thanks to adequate cable design.
Comparison of Numerical Modeling to Experimental Data in a Small Data Center Test Cell (2009)

Information Technology (IT) equipment compaction has become a significant air cooling challenge at the data center level. Computational Fluid Dynamics and Heat Transfer (CFD/HT) models have been employed as the dominant technique for the design and optimization of both new and existing data centers. Understanding the limitations of a CFD/HT models’ ability to predict the actual data center temperature field and flow characteristics becomes a critical component in optimizing the actual data center rather than optimizing the model of the data center. This is most important near the IT equipment where temperature and flow specifications from the IT equipment manufacturers must be maintained for reliable operation. This study is a continuation of earlier comparisons of CFD/HT models to experimentally measured temperature and flow fields in a small data center test cell. This study compares the experimentally collected data for three different layouts of perforated tiles to a CFD/HT model with seven turbulence models not previously evaluated. Insight into the location of the deviation between the different turbulence models and experimental data are discussed, along with the computational effort involved in running the CFD/HT models. It was found that the zero equation (or mixing length model) and the Spalart-Allamaras turbulence models produced the smallest deviations from experimental data, but the former required only a fifth of the computational effort of the latter. The laminar flow model required the least computational effort, running more than twice as fast as the zero equation turbulence model, and produced deviations similar to those of the six different k-ε turbulence models.
Iterative soft interference cancellation for multiple antenna systems (2002)

This paper proposes an iterative soft interference cancellation scheme for a multiple antenna system. The proposed scheme is derived from the maximum a posteriori (MAP) criterion. At each iteration, the a posteriori probability is obtained by cancelling out the previous soft symbols, new soft symbols are calculated based on the a posteriori probability, and the total interference-plus-noise power is dynamically updated to account for the uncertainty in the soft symbols. The computational cost of the proposed algorithm grows linearly with the number of antennas while that of the optimum MAP detector grows exponentially. Simulations results show that an SNR gain of about 3 to 5 dB can be obtained by the proposed soft cancellation scheme.
Supplementary Table S4 from Discovery of Candidate DNA Methylation Cancer Driver Genes (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Copy number changes in MethSig CLL DNAme drivers.&lt;/p&gt;
Aircraft Propeller Hub Repair (2015)

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Isolation of Two 13-epi-Neoverrucosane-Type Diterpenoids from a Marine Sponge Axinyssa tethyoides (2005)

Abstract New 13-epi-neoverrucosane-type diterpenes 1 and 2 were isolated from the marine sponge Axinyssa tethyoides. Their structures were elucidated by 2D-NMR spectroscopy, the modified Mosher’s method, and fluorescent X-ray analysis. 1 and 2 are the first 13-epi-neoverrucosane-type diterpenes that possess a sulfate group.
Sulfonamide-imines as selective fluorescent chemosensors for the fluoride anion (2009)

Two new sulfonamide-type fluorescent chemosensors in organic media are reported. The two receptors, [N,N'-bis(2-tosylaminobenzylidene)-1,2-diaminoethane and N,N'-bis(2-tosylaminobenzylidene)-1,3-diamino-2-propanol], display marked changes in the fluorescence emission intensities as a result of deprotonation by basic anions, and show high selectivity for fluoride over other inorganic anions, such as acetate or dihydrogenphosphate. These results suggest that the presence of the imine group as an intramolecular H-bond acceptor enhances the selectivity of these sensors compared to previous examples in the literature. The deprotonation mechanism has been demonstrated by spectrophotometric and spectrofluorimetric titrations as well as by NMR spectroscopy. The X-ray structures of both receptors are also discussed.
Three-Step Room Temperature Wet Cleaning Process for Silicon Substrate (2009)

With a progress of device dimension miniaturization, an ultraclean wafer surface is continuously increasing its importance crucial for high quality processing in Silicon Technologies [1]-[8]. Cleaning of silicon wafer surface has been accomplished by RCA wet cleaning in the past [9], where there exists high temperature processes consisting of H2SO4/H2O2/H2O, NH4OH/H2O2/H2O and HCl/H2O2/H2O treatments. Thus, RCA cleaning requires a large number of processing steps, resulting in the consumption of a huge volume of liquid chemicals and UPW, and simultaneously consuming a large volume of clean air exhaust to suppress chemical vapor from getting into the clean room. Moreover, RCA cleaning is used at high temperature and contain alkali solutions, which increase the roughness of the silicon wafer surface [10].
In vivo cytokine expression in the thymus. CD3high human thymocytes are activated and already functionally differentiated in helper and cytotoxic cells. (1994)

CD4 and CD8 are expressed on mutually exclusive T cell populations that can recognize peptides bound to class II and class I MHC Ags, respectively. These populations have different functions and are different in their capacity to produce cytokines. In this paper we demonstrate that this functional differentiation occurs at the CD3low- CD3high transitional stage: single positive mature CD4+ thymocytes express IL-2 mRNA in vivo, whereas CD8+ thymocytes primarily express perforin. IL-2, perforin, and IFN-gamma mRNAs were almost absent in CD4+CD8+ CD3low but were clearly detectable in CD4+CD8+ CD3high cells, indicating that these genes are induced at the CD3low- CD3high transitional stage. In contrast, IL-4 mRNA levels were highest in the precursor cells but dropped sharply at the CD3low-CD3high transitional stage. These data are consistent with and link two earlier observations, i.e., that activation occurs at the CD3low-CD3high transition and that functional differentiation in helper and cytotoxic cells is already accomplished in the single positive thymocytes. This activation may reflect positive selection and concomitant functional differentiation into helper and cytotoxic T cells.
A zero-sink-current Schmitt trigger and window-flexible counting circuit for fingerprint sensor/identifier (2004)

Pixel-parallel architecture with 1b ADC per pixel achieves 6.4/spl mu/W dissipation. Pixel memory element and event counting sensing circuitry control fingerprint acquisition. A 224 x 256 pixel array is built in a 0.25/spl mu/m CMOS process.
Pulsed and CW IR Detection in Wide-gap Semiconductors using Extremely Nondegenerate Two-photon Absorption (2013)

We detect both pulsed and CW IR light using uncooled GaN or GaAs photodiodes using extremely-nondegenerate two-photon-absorption (2PA) which shows large enhancement over degenerate 2PA. Urbach-tail absorption limits the signal-to-noise ratio for CW detection.
Stereoselective adsorption on a gold–thiol monolayer with an enantiopure surface (1994)

Self-assembled films of (+)-11-toluene-p-sulfinylundecanethiol on gold have been shown to adsorb the enantiomeric ethyl lactates from the gas phase; adsorption is totally unselective when the system is not in equilibrium during short exposures at 20 °C becomes totally selective after extended exposure at 40 °C.
Endovascular steerable and endobronchial precurved guiding sheaths for transbronchial needle delivery under augmented fluoroscopy and cone beam CT image guidance (2021)

Endobronchial needle delivery with AF guidance is feasible without a bronchoscope with steerable GS providing comparable or improved accuracy compared to precurved GS.
Electron-Induced Quenching of Excitons in Luminescent Materials (2007)

We studied photoluminescence (PL) behavior of tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum based organic light-emitting devices doped with various fluorescent dyes, under electron currents. The results show that electron currents reduce the PL quantum yield by as much as 50%, depending on the electron density and the doping conditions in the emitter layer. The decrease in luminescence under electron current indicates electron−exciton interaction, which likely plays a role in limiting the efficiency of organic electroluminescent devices.
Dynamic self-clamping at short-circuit turn-off of high-voltage IGBTs (2013)

Measurements show that the IGBT is able to clamp the collector-emitter voltage to a certain value at short-circuit turn-off despite a very low gate turn-off resistor in combination with a high parasitic inductance is applied. The IGBT itself reduces the turn-off di <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C</sub> /dt by avalanche injection. However, device destructions during fast turn-off were observed which cannot be linked with an overvoltage failure mode. Measurements and semiconductor simulations of high-voltage IGBTs explain the self-clamping mechanism in detail. Possible failures which can be connected with filamentation processes are described. Options for improving the IGBT robustness during short-circuit turn-off are discussed.
Influence of a graphene oxide additive and the conditions of membrane formation on the morphology and separative properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride) membranes (2015)

ABSTRACT In this article, we present our study of the influence of a graphene oxide (GO) additive and the method of preparation on the properties of membranes. Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)/GO membranes were obtained by an inverse phase method, which was conducted by two different methods. The first one was based on solvent evaporation, and the second method was a coagulation bath in distilled water. Our studies clearly showed that the introduction of the GO nanoadditive into the polymer membrane matrix played a major role in the pore process formation, and it also contributed to the reduction of the contact angle, and this led to an improvement in the hydrophilic properties of the obtained membranes. Furthermore, the PVDF/GO membrane preparation process had a direct influence on the thickness and porosity. Both of these factors had a direct influence on the transport properties of the membrane. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132 , 42789.
Rho prevents apoptosis through Bcl‐2 expression: Implications for interleukin‐2 receptor signal transduction (1997)

Here we describe a Rho-mediated apoptosis suppression pathway driven by Bcl-2 expression in the interleukin (IL)-4- or IL-2-dependent murine T cell line TS1 alpha beta. IL-2, but not IL-4, induces Bcl-2 expression through RhoA activation which is inhibited by the specific Rho family inhibitor, Clostridium difficile Toxin B, as well as by a dominant negative RhoA mutant. Using transient transfections of RhoA mutants tagged with the vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein, we show that a constitutively active RhoA mutant induces Bcl-2 expression and prevents apoptosis upon IL-4 withdrawal. Finally, we have identified the signaling pathway involved together with RhoA in Bcl-2 induction and show compelling evidence for the implication of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase and protein kinase C.
4-1BB is Superior to CD28 Costimulation for Generating Effector CD8+ T Cells for Adoptive Immunotherapy (48.12) (2007)

Abstract Artificial APCs (aAPCs) provide a new approach to expand cells for adoptive cell therapy, but optimal requirements for CD8+ expansion have not been defined. Beads expressing αCD3/αCD28 efficiently expand CD4+ cells, but not cytolytic CD8+ T cells. 4-1BB, a costimulatory molecule expressed by a minority of resting CD8+ T cells, is transiently upregulated by all CD8+ T cells following activation. We compared the capacity for aAPCs providing costimulation via 4-1BB vs. CD28 to expand cytolytic CD8+ T cell populations. Whereas αCD3/αCD28 aAPCs preferentially expand naive cells, αCD3/4-1BBL aAPCs preferentially expand memory cells, resulting in cultures with enhanced reactivity to previously primed viral antigens and leading to efficient expansion of electronically sorted CD8+ populations reactive toward viral or tumor-associated antigens. Moreover, using HLA-A2-Fc fusion proteins, 4-1BBL aAPCs selectively induced a 3 log expansion of antigen-specific CTL from polyclonal CD8+ PBL over 14 days; similar expansions were not induced using HLA-A2-Fc/αCD28 aAPCs. Compared to αCD3/αCD28 expanded CD8+ CTL, αCD3/4-1BBL expanded CD8+ T cells also mediate enhanced cytolytic capacity as a result of 4-1BB signaling itself and NKG2D upregulation. These results demonstrate that 4-1BB costimulation is superior to CD28 costimulation for expanding antigen specific CD8+ CTL for use in adoptive immunotherapy.
TU-D-330A-03: Comparison of Image Segmentation Algorithms On Digitized Mammograms and FFDM Images for CAD (2006)

Purpose: To investigate lesion tumor segmentation methods for both digitized screen‐film mammograms (DSF) and full‐field digital mammography (FFDM). Method and Materials: Breast lesion segmentation methods are important in the overall image analysis for computer‐aided diagnosis. Our initial development was performed on DSF, and we are currently evaluating our methods for use with FFDM. Three of our lesion segmentation methods were investigated using a database of 84 DFM and 287 FFDM cases including malignant and benign lesions. A region growing method utilizes the size and shape of the evolving lesion contour to determine the lesion margin. A radial gradient index (RGI) segmentation method uses a Gaussian constraint function to suppress the influence of distant pixels. Then for a series of contours returned by grey level thresholding, the contour with maximum RGI is chosen as the one that best delineates the lesion. A two‐stage, region‐based active contour method minimizes an energy function based on the homogeneities inside and outside of the evolving contour. The minimization algorithm solves the Euler‐Lagrange equation describing the contour evolution. Prior to the application of the active contour model, RGI segmentation is applied to delineate an initial contour closer to the lesion margin and estimate the effective background. The methods were compared to radiologist‐delineated margins on both DSF and FFDM images using an area similarity metric. Results: At an overlap threshold of 0.3, the region growing, RGI, and two‐stage methods correctly segmented 84%, 86% and 94% of the digitized screen‐film lesions, and 81%, 83% and 88% of lesions on FFDM, respectively. Conclusion: Our results indicate that the two‐stage method yields improved segmentation for both DSF and FFDM, and also that methods developed with DSF can be efficiently converted for use with FFDM. Conflict of Interest: MLG is a shareholder in R2 Technology, Inc.
Fading Techniques for Error Concealment in Block-Based Video Decoding Systems (2007)

Error concealment has a great importance within block-based video decoding systems especially for mobile transmission systems like DVB-T or DVB-H. In this paper, we propose a spatio-temporal and spatio-bi-temporal fading technique for recovering lost or erroneously received macroblock samples. For spatio-temporal fading based on a boundary error criterion obtained from temporal error concealment, either spatial, temporal, or fading of both methods is used for recovering lost image samples in one macroblock. A weighted absolute difference between well received macroblock boundary samples from the current frame and motion compensated macroblock boundary samples from the previous frame represents the boundary error. The weights for fading are interpolated from the boundary error. For spatio-bi-temporal fading, one lost macroblock can individually be recovered pel-wise spatially from the current or bi-temporally from the previous and the future frame by weighted averaging three different estimations for the lost macroblock. The simulation results have shown that for concealing erroneously received uncompressed and compressed video data the proposed methods outperform the reference methods both in subjective and objective video quality
CARD9-Dependent Neutrophil Recruitment Protects against Fungal Invasion of the Central Nervous System (2020)

Candida is the most common human fungal pathogen and causes systemic infections that require neutrophils for effective host defense. Humans deficient in the C-type lectin pathway adaptor protein CARD9 develop spontaneous fungal disease that targets the central nervous system (CNS). However, how CARD9 promotes protective antifungal immunity in the CNS remains unclear. Here, we show that a patient with CARD9 deficiency had impaired neutrophil accumulation and induction of neutrophil-recruiting CXC chemokines in the cerebrospinal fluid despite uncontrolled CNS Candida infection. We phenocopied the human susceptibility in Card9-/- mice, which develop uncontrolled brain candidiasis with diminished neutrophil accumulation. The induction of neutrophil-recruiting CXC chemokines is significantly impaired in infected Card9-/- brains, from both myeloid and resident glial cellular sources, whereas cell-intrinsic neutrophil chemotaxis is Card9-independent. Taken together, our data highlight the critical role of CARD9-dependent neutrophil trafficking into the CNS and provide novel insight into the CNS fungal susceptibility of CARD9-deficient humans.
Evolved Gas Analysis Using Photoionization Mass Spectrometry (2006)

Photoionization (PI) with vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) light provides an efficient and fragmentation-free method for the soft ionization of gaseous compounds. A photoionization source with a deuterium (D2) lamp for PI was installed in a vacuum chamber in the ionization chamber of a mass spectrometer. The PI mass spectrometry (PIMS) was applied to the evolved gas analysis (EGA) system for the volatilization of organic solvents and thermal decomposition of polymers in an inert gas atmosphere. The PI mass spectrum obtained was satisfactorily characterized by only the parent ions with no contribution as a result of fragmentation during ionization. The results suggested that EGA-PIMS was an especially powerful and desirable in situ thermal analysis method for substances which evolve organic gases simultaneously and sequentially. The combination of a VUV-light source with a quadropole-mass spectrometer in EGA is described briefly, and the results compared with EGA using conventional electron impact ionization mass spectrometry are presented.
Long-lived intestinal tuft cells serve as colon cancer–initiating cells (2014)

Doublecortin-like kinase 1 protein (DCLK1) is a gastrointestinal tuft cell marker that has been proposed to identify quiescent and tumor growth-sustaining stem cells. DCLK1⁺ tuft cells are increased in inflammation-induced carcinogenesis; however, the role of these cells within the gastrointestinal epithelium and their potential as cancer-initiating cells are poorly understood. Here, using a BAC-CreERT-dependent genetic lineage-tracing strategy, we determined that a subpopulation of DCLK1⁺ cells is extremely long lived and possesses rare stem cell abilities. Moreover, genetic ablation of Dclk1 revealed that DCLK1⁺ tuft cells contribute to recovery following intestinal and colonic injury. Surprisingly, conditional knockdown of the Wnt regulator APC in DCLK1⁺ cells was not sufficient to drive colonic carcinogenesis under normal conditions; however, dextran sodium sulfate-induced (DSS-induced) colitis promoted the development of poorly differentiated colonic adenocarcinoma in mice lacking APC in DCLK1⁺ cells. Importantly, colonic tumor formation occurred even when colitis onset was delayed for up to 3 months after induced APC loss in DCLK1⁺ cells. Thus, our data define an intestinal DCLK1⁺ tuft cell population that is long lived, quiescent, and important for intestinal homeostasis and regeneration. Long-lived DCLK1⁺ cells maintain quiescence even following oncogenic mutation, but are activated by tissue injury and can serve to initiate colon cancer.