gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Tropism Profiles in Clinical Samples by the Trofile and MT-2 Assays (2009)

The recent availability of CCR5 antagonists as anti-human immunodeficiency virus (anti-HIV) therapeutics has highlighted the need to accurately identify CXCR4-using variants in patient samples when use of this new drug class is considered. The Trofile assay (Monogram Biosciences) has become the method that is the most widely used to define tropism in the clinic prior to the use of a CCR5 antagonist. By comparison, the MT-2 assay has been used since early in the HIV epidemic to define tropism in clinical specimens. Given that there are few data from direct comparisons of these two assays, we evaluated the performance of the plasma-based Trofile assay and the peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-based MT-2 assay for the detection of CXCR4 use in defining the tropism of HIV isolates derived from clinical samples. The various samples used for this comparison were derived from participants of the Amsterdam Cohort Studies on HIV infection and AIDS who underwent consecutive MT-2 assay testing of their PBMCs at approximately 3-month intervals. This unique sample set was specifically selected because consecutive MT-2 assays had demonstrated a shift from negative to positive in PBMCs, reflecting the first emergence of CXCR4-using virus in PBMCs above the level of detection of the assay in these individuals. Trofile testing was performed with clonal HIV type 1 (HIV-1) variants (n = 21), MT-2 cell culture-derived cells (n = 20) and supernatants (n = 42), and plasma samples (n = 76). Among the clonal HIV-1 variants and MT-2 cell culture-derived samples, the results of the Trofile and MT-2 assays demonstrated a high degree of concordance (95% to 98%). Among consecutive plasma samples, detection of CXCR4-using virus was at or before the time of first detection by the MT-2 assay in 5/10 patients by the original Trofile assay and in 9/10 patients by the enhanced-sensitivity Trofile assay. Differences in the time to the first detection of CXCR4 use between the MT-2 assay (PBMCs) and the original Trofile assay (plasma) were greatly reduced by the enhanced-sensitivity Trofile assay, suggesting that sensitivity for the detection of minor CXCR4-using variants may be a more important determinant of discordant findings than compartmentalization. The similarities in performance of the enhanced-sensitivity Trofile and MT-2 assays suggest that either may be an appropriate methodology to define tropism in patient specimens.
fib Bulletin 90. Externally applied FRP reinforcement for concrete structures (2019)

Externally applied FRP reinforcement for concrete structures (PDF) <i>fib</i> Bulletins No. 90. Externally applied FRP reinforcement for concrete structures. Technical report (229 pages, ISBN 978-2-88394-132-8, July 2019) - PDF format
The effects of prolonged superfusions with acidic amino acids and their agonists on field potentials and horizontal cell photoresponses in the turtle retina (1987)

The effects of prolonged superfusions with acidic amino acids and their agonists, kainic acid (KA) and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), on horizontal cells, and extracellular field potentials were studied in the turtle everted eyecup preparation using simultaneous intracellular and extracellular recordings. In a fresh preparation initial superfusions with each of the above agents usually induced a large (up to 60 mV) transient negative extracellular field potential recorded adjacent to horizontal cells, followed by a sustained negative potential of lesser amplitude (up to 10 mV). The amplitude of the sustained potential did not vary with subsequent superfusions, whereas that of the transient phase was reduced. KA and NMDA were much more potent (at least 300 times) in evoking these field potentials than either acidic amino acid. The horizontal cell transmembrane potential was monitored as the difference between the intra- and extracellular potentials. Superfusion with KA and NMDA produced a triphasic time course of the drug effect consisting of an initial depolarization with reduced photoresponses, a rehyperpolarization of the membrane accompanied by a growth of the light responses followed by a gradual depolarization and loss of photoresponses. Superfusion with the acidic amino acids usually produced a biphasic response that resembled qualitatively the first two phases of the response to KA and NMDA. This biphasic response was occasionally followed by a gradual depolarization and loss of the light response. The kinetics of the transient component of the field potential and the rapid reduction and regrowth of the photoresponses recorded during superfusion with these agents suggests an initial action of these drugs, which is of a nonsynaptic origin and which may be an expression of a drug-induced spreading depression. The kinetics of the photoresponses recorded during superfusion with KA, L-aspartate, and L-glutamate were similar but differed from those recorded during superfusion with NMDA. The difference in the effects of NMDA and KA on photoresponse kinetics suggests that two types of acidic amino acid receptors may be present in the outer plexiform layer of the turtle retina.
Laser writing of individual nitrogen-vacancy defects in diamond with near-unity yield (2019)

Atomic defects in wide-bandgap materials, such as the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color center in diamond, show considerable promise for the development of a new generation of quantum information technologies, but progress has been hampered by the inability to produce and engineer the defects in a controlled manner. Here, we demonstrate an all-optical method for the deterministic writing of individual NV centers at selected locations with high positioning accuracy. Ultrashort pulse laser processing is used to both create and diffuse defects inside the crystal through local annealing. During the laser-annealing process, online fluorescence feedback provides a trigger to stop processing once the NV formation is detected. This method provides a new tool for the optical fabrication of engineered materials and devices for quantum technologies.
Final evaluation report for the greater Yellowstone regional traveler and weather information system (GYRTWIS) (2003)

This final report describes the national evaluation of the Greater Yellowstone Regional Traveler and Weather Information System (GYRTWIS). This evaluation complements the ongoing GYRTWIS evaluation being conducted by WTI/MSU by investigating three areas: system impacts of 511; pavement thermal model accuracy; and case studies of the business model, institutional lessons learned, and 511 implementation challenges, guidelines, and standards. The system impact study investigated the impact of the deployment in terms of system usage and customer satisfaction. The number of calls to 511 indicated that travelers used the 511-telephone system more than they did the previous *ROAD and 800 information services. A majority of Montana travelers were quite satisfied with the accuracy, availability, usefulness, and ease of understanding of the GYRTWIS 511 telephone service when compared to the previous *ROAD and 800 telephone services. A copy of the 2002 and 2003 Montana Travel Information Surveys is provided in the Appendix of this report. The pavement thermal model (PTM) accuracy study investigated the accuracy of the predicted versus actual pavement temperatures. Although the PTM process showed promise for forecasting road surface temperature, limitations in the accuracy of small-scale, long term weather forecasts currently limit the accuracy of the road surface temperature forecasts. The overall accuracy of the model is not high enough at this time to make anti-icing decisions based primarily on the road surface temperature forecast by the model. The case studies investigated the GYRTWIS business model, institutional lessons learned, and 511 implementation challenges. A variety of key findings and lessons learned are presented.
Identification and Characterization of a Transcriptional Regulator for the lck Proximal Promoter (2001)

The lck gene encodes a protein-tyrosine kinase that plays a key role in signaling mediated through T cell receptor (TCR) and pre-TCR complexes. Transcription of the lck gene is regulated by two independent promoter elements: the proximal and distal promoters. Previous studies employing transgenic mice demonstrated that the sequence between -584 and -240 from the transcription start site in the mouse lck proximal promoter is required for its tissue-specific expression in the thymus. In this study, we demonstrate that a Krüppel-like zinc finger protein, mtbeta (BFCOL1, BERF-1, ZBP-89, ZNF148), previously cloned as a protein that binds to the CD3delta gene enhancer, binds to the -365 to -328 region of the lck proximal promoter. mtbeta is ubiquitously expressed in various cell lines and mouse tissues. Overexpressed mtbeta is more active in T-lineage cells than B-lineage cells for transactivating an artificial promoter consisting of the mtbeta binding site and a TATA box. Activity of the lck proximal promoter was significantly impaired by mutating the mtbeta binding site or by reducing mtbeta protein expression level by using antisense mRNA. Our results indicate that mtbeta activity is regulated in a tissue-specific manner and that mtbeta is a critical transactivator for the lck proximal promoter.
Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia in Patients With Autoimmune Disease on High-Dose Glucocorticoid (2015)

High-dose glucocorticoid may be associated with an increased risk of PCP infection in patients with autoimmune diseases.
Multi-View Semi-Supervised Learning for Dialog Act Segmentation of Speech (2009)

Sentence segmentation of speech aims at determining sentence boundaries in a stream of words as output by the speech recognizer. Typically, statistical methods are used for sentence segmentation. However, they require significant amounts of labeled data, preparation of which is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and expensive. This work investigates the application of multi-view semi-supervised learning algorithms on the sentence boundary classification problem by using lexical and prosodic information. The aim is to find an effective semi-supervised machine learning strategy when only small sets of sentence boundary-labeled data are available. We especially focus on two semi-supervised learning approaches, namely, self-training and co-training. We also compare different example selection strategies for co-training, namely, agreement and disagreement. Furthermore, we propose another method, called self-combined, which is a combination of self-training and co-training. The experimental results obtained on the ICSI Meeting (MRDA) Corpus show that both multi-view methods outperform self-training, and the best results are obtained using co-training alone. This study shows that sentence segmentation is very appropriate for multi-view learning since the data sets can be represented by two disjoint and redundantly sufficient feature sets, namely, using lexical and prosodic information. Performance of the lexical and prosodic models is improved by 26% and 11% relative, respectively, when only a small set of manually labeled examples is used. When both information sources are combined, the semi-supervised learning methods improve the baseline F-Measure of 69.8% to 74.2%.
Laser Peening Qualification for the U.S. Application (2017)

Primary water stress corrosion cracking (PWSCC) is a degradation process that has plagued nickel alloy components and welds in the nuclear industry for decades. Numerous mitigation techniques have been developed over the years that help reduce the potential for cracking in nickel alloy components exposed to the primary water environment. One such method is Laser Peening (LP), which improves the stress properties and helps to reduce the potential for crack initiation. The LP process has been applied in Japan to both boiling water reactors (BWR) and pressurized water reactors (PWR) for stress corrosion mitigation. The first application of LP in the US for the nuclear industry was applied in the fall of 2016 to the bottom mounted instrumentation (BMI) nozzles of a PWR. The bottom mounted nozzles are made from Alloy 600 tubing and attached with Alloy 82/182 welds, which are known to be susceptible to PWSCC. In order to prevent crack initiation, it is important for the peening mitigation process to induce sufficient compressive stress on the surface of the susceptible materials. However, it is not practical to take stress measurements directly on the reactor components in order to verify compression. Thus, the magnitude of compression induced by the LP process was verified prior to the application at the plant using mockups of the BMI nozzles. As a part of the qualification process, test coupons were peened and stress measurements were taken using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results of the stress measurements demonstrate that sufficient surface compression was achieved by the LP process in order to provide PWSCC mitigation. This paper presents and discusses key stress measurement results taken during the qualification process for the first application of LP at a U.S. nuclear plant. Although not directly applicable in this case, the guidance in ASME Code Case N-729 Mandatory Appendix II and MRP-335 for PWR upper head nozzles was generally followed.
Advanced Amorphous Silicon Thin-Film Transistors for AM-OLEDs: Electrical Performance and Stability (2008)

We fabricated and characterized the advanced amorphous silicon thin-film transistors with a bilayer structure for both the active and gate dielectric films. The electrical field across the gate insulator has a significant influence on the device threshold voltage electrical stability. We show that high thin-film transistor stability can be achieved even under the presence of a high channel current. Its electrical and high-temperature stability improves up to a factor of five when the TFT biasing condition changes from the linear to the saturation region of operation.
Golf Club Visual Tracking for Enhanced Swing Analysis Tools (2003)

This paper presents a new visual tracking technology that relies on the use of a global motion model to achieve robustness.We demonstrate its effectiveness for the purpose of retrieving the 2D spatio-temporal trajectory of a golf club head from ordinary video sequences of golf swings, so that information about club orientation, local speed and acceleration can also be obtained.We have integrated it into a fully automated system that requires neither user intervention nor the use of instrumented golf club or clothing, and that is usable in a natural environment with a potentially cluttered background.Our algorithm robustly fits a global swing trajectory model to club location hypotheses obtained from single frames.This process makes our approach very robust and it will soon be integrated into a commercial product.Several experimental results are presented to illustrate the success of this new method.
Cation Segregation in Alloyed Thiophosphates Fe2–xCoxP2S6 (2023)

Metal thiophosphates are a versatile class of van der Waals materials that can exhibit drastically different properties depending on the metal cations that are incorporated. Solid solutions between different members of this class are of interest to study due to the evolution of the magnetic, topological, and semiconductor properties in these materials. However, there has not yet been a thorough examination of the homogeneity of the cation species within the alloyed system of interest that may prove vital if these thiophosphates are to be incorporated into devices in conjunction with other van der Waals materials. Herein, we report on the structural and chemical differences between measurements of bulk and exfoliated Fe2–xCoxP2S6, which were synthesized with a P2S5 flux method. In the bulk, powder X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy indicate a homogeneous stoichiometry. This is corroborated by Mössbauer spectroscopy, which in addition suggests that as the quantity of Co introduced into the Fe2–xCoxP2S6 structure increases, the probability of having the nearest neighbors of any given Fe2+ cation to be Co2+ cations is substantially increased. However, upon exfoliation of Fe2–xCoxP2S6, Raman spectroscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) measurements suggest that the composition of individual exfoliated flakes deviates significantly from the expected average stoichiometry, and the distribution of Fe2+ and Co2+ is not perfectly homogeneous.
Characterisation of Die Attach Adhesives (1989)

Several commercially available epoxy and polyimide adhesives were tested. The properties essential for the use of adhesives in microelectronics are stated and their compliance with the requirements of standard MIL-A-87-172 was evaluated.
Nanocomposite of graphene and metal oxide materials (2023)

Nanocomposite materials comprising a metal oxide bonded to at least one graphene material. The nanocomposite materials exhibit a specific capacity of at least twice that of the metal oxide material without the graphene at a charge/discharge rate greater than about 10 C.
Positive somatostatin receptorscintigraphy correlates withthepresenceofsomatostatin receptorsubtype 2 (1996)

Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy (SRS) ispositive inapproximately 75% ofall patients withneuroendocrine gastroenteropancreatic tumours.Thisstudy aimedtoidentify specific somatostatin receptor(sstr)subtypes, which are responsible fortheinvivobinding ofthe widelyused somatostatin analogue, octreotide in human neuroendocrine gastroenteropancreatic tumours.Twelve patients underwentSRS withradiolabelled octreotide. Aftersurgical resection, tumourtissues wereanalysed invitro forsomatostatin andoctreotide binding sites byautoradiography. Inaddition, for thefirst time, sstrsubtype mRNA expressionwas examinedby semiquantitative reversetranscription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Tumourtissues from allSRSpositive patients werepositive by autoradiography. Semiquantitative RTPCR revealed most prominently sstr2 expression in scintigraphically positive tumours.TwoSRSnegative tumourscon
Supplementary Figure 4 from Vulnerabilities of <i>PTEN</i>–<i>TP53</i>-Deficient Prostate Cancers to Compound PARP–PI3K Inhibition (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF - 114k, Supporting western blot analysis and drug treatment in prostate cancer cell lines.&lt;/p&gt;
Transient internalization of Campylobacter jejuni in Amoebae enhances subsequent invasion of human cells (2022)

The ubiquitous unicellular eukaryote, <i>Acanthamoeba</i>, is known to play a role in the survival and dissemination of <i>Campylobacter jejuni. C. jejuni</i> is the leading cause of bacterial foodborne gastroenteritis world-wide and is a major public health problem. The ability of <i>C. jejuni</i> to interact and potentially invade epithelial cells is thought to be key for disease development in humans. We examined <i>C. jejuni</i> grown under standard laboratory conditions, 11168H<sub>CBA</sub> with that harvested from within <i>Acanthamoeba castellanii</i> (11168H<sub>AC/CBA</sub>) or <i>Acanthamoeba polyphaga</i> (11168H<sub>AP/CBA</sub>), and compared their ability to invade different cell lines. <i>C. jejuni</i> harvested from within amoebae had a ~3.7-fold increase in invasiveness into T84 human epithelial cells and a striking ~11-fold increase for re-entry into <i>A. castellanii</i> cells. We also investigated the invasiveness and survivability of six diverse representative <i>C. jejuni</i> strains within <i>Acanthamoeba</i> spp., our results confirm that invasion and survivability is likely host-cell-dependent. Our survival assay data led us to conclude that <i>Acanthamoeba</i> spp. are a transient host for <i>C. jejuni</i> and that survival within amoebae pre-adapts <i>C. jejuni</i> and enhances subsequent cell invasion. This study provides new insight into <i>C. jejuni</i> interactions with amoebae and its increased invasiveness potential in mammalian hosts.
A translation approach for object oriented CHILL program in development of telecommunication software (2002)

The ITU-T recommended object oriented CHILL (CHILL96) as an object-oriented programming language for telecommunication software. In CHILL96, moreta modes of object-orientation are added for reusability and modularity of telecommunications software. We propose a translation scheme from CHILL96 to CHILL based on the two design concepts: (1) for high compatibility with CHILL software for partial object orientation of existing software, and for high reusability of the existing CHILL codes in object orientation; and (2) for an easy and rapid implementation to CHILL96 compilation system by use of the verified tools such as a code generator and a code optimizer executable with CHILL. With respect to the considerations of distributed concurrent real-time the translation scheme consists of rules for moreta modes definition, visibility control, inheritance, renaming, dynamic binding and the other features of CHILL. Moreover, we extend some features of CHILL96 for distributed real-time processing. The experimental results show that, in the object orientation of the existing CHILL programs, the reuse rate of existing CHILL program and productivity is very high and the run-time performance is decreased by 8%-10% compared with its corresponding CHILL program. The results show that the translation scheme is a good and easy solution to develop CHILL96 compilation system, and it can be utilized in object orientation of the existing CHILL telecommunications software.
Cross-sectional film characterization of exposure-induced carbon contamination on patterned EUV masks (2010)

Author(s): Fan, Yu-Jen; Yankulin, Leonid; Antohe, Alin; Thomas, Petros; Garg, Rashi; Mbanaso, Chimaobi; Khopkar, Yashdeep; Murray, Thomas; Wuest, Andrea; Goodwin, Frank; Naulleau, Patrick; Goldberg, Kenneth A.; Mochi, Iacopo; Gullikson, Eric; Anderson, Erik; Salmassi, Farhad; Denbeaux, Gregory
2 bit Continuously Tunable Slow Wave Delay Line at 2.5 Gbit/s (2007)

A continuously tunable time delay from zero to 800ps has been experimentally achieved on a 2.5Gbit/s signal with a Slow Wave Delay Line realized with coupled ring resonators is Silicon &#13;\nOxinitride technology. The overall insertion loss is 8 dB and the footprint is less than 2.9 mm2.
Characterization of Open-Cell Sponges via Magnetic Resonance and X-ray Tomography (2021)

The applications of polymeric sponges are varied, ranging from cleaning and filtration to medical applications. The specific properties of polymeric foams, such as pore size and connectivity, are dependent on their constituent materials and production methods. Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and X-ray micro-computed tomography (µCT) offer complementary information about the structure and properties of porous media. In this study, we employed MRI, in combination with µCT, to characterize the structure of polymeric open-cell foam, and to determine how it changes upon compression, µCT was used to identify the morphology of the pores within sponge plugs, extracted from polyurethane open-cell sponges. MRI <i>T</i><sub>2</sub> relaxation maps and bulk <i>T</i><sub>2</sub> relaxation times measurements were performed for 7° dH water contained within the same polyurethane foams used for µCT. Magnetic resonance and µCT measurements were conducted on both uncompressed and 60% compressed sponge plugs. Compression was achieved using a graduated sample holder with plunger. A relationship between the average <i>T</i><sub>2</sub> relaxation time and maximum opening was observed, where smaller maximum openings were found to have a shorter <i>T</i><sub>2</sub> relaxation times. It was also found that upon compression, the average maximum opening of pores decreased. Average pore size ranges of 375-632 ± 1 µm, for uncompressed plugs, and 301-473 ± 1 µm, for compressed plugs, were observed. By determining maximum opening values and <i>T</i><sub>2</sub> relaxation times, it was observed that the pore structure varies between sponges within the same production batch, as well as even with a single sponge.