gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tetrathiomolybdate versus Trientine in the Initial Treatment of Neurologic Wilson's Disease (2007)

Background: The initial treatment of the neurologic presentation of Wilson's disease is problematic. Penicillamine, used for years on most patients, causes neurologic worsening in up to half of such patients, and half of those who worsen never recover. Zinc, ideal for maintenance therapy, is too slow for these acutely ill patients. We have developed tetrathiomolybdate (TM) for this type of patient, and it has worked well in open label studies. Trientine, another anticopper drug on the market approved for penicillamine intolerant patients, had not been tried in this type of patient. Here, we report on a double blind trial of TM versus trientine in the neurologically presenting Wilson's disease patient. Design and Methods: The study was a double blind design in which patients received either TM plus zinc, or trientine plus zinc, for 8 weeksThis study was originally published in reference 1. Patients were accepted if they presented with neurologic symptoms from Wilson's disease, if they had not been treated longer than 4 weeks with penicillamine or trientine. Patients were followed in the hospital for the 8 weeks of treatment with weekly semiquantitative neurologic and speech examinations, to evaluate possible neurologic worsening. They also had blood and urine studies done weekly. At discharge from hospital they were continued on zinc maintenance therapy, and returned at yearly intervals for 3 years for further evaluation. Results: Twenty-three patients were entered into the trientine arm and 6 reached criteria for neurologic deterioration, while 25 patients were entered into the TM arm and only 1 deteriorated (p &lt; 0.05). One patient on trientine had an adverse event while 7 on TM had adverse events. All adverse events were mild. Four patients in the trientine arm died during follow-up, 3 having shown initial neurologic deterioration, 2 patients in the TM arm died. In those patients who did not deteriorate or die, neurologic and speech recovery over 3 years was good. Interpretation: TM is a superior choice to trientine for the initial therapy of neurologic Wilson's disease.
Impaired clearance of free cystine from lysosome-enriched granular fractions of I-cell-disease fibroblasts (1986)

Cultured fibroblasts from patients with I-cell disease (mucolipidosis II) accumulate excessive amounts of free cystine, similarly to cells from patients with nephropathic cystinosis, a disorder of lysosomal cystine transport. To clarify whether the intralysosomal accumulation of cystine in I-cell-disease fibroblasts was due to a defective disposal mechanism, we measured the rates of clearance of free [35S]cystine from intact normal, cystinotic and I-cell-disease fibroblasts. Loss of radioactivity from the two mutant cell types occurred slowly (t 1/2 = 500 min) compared with the rapid loss from normal cells (t 1/2 = 40 min). Lysosome-rich granular fractions isolated from three different cystine-loaded normal, cystinotic and I-cell-disease fibroblast strains were similarly examined for non-radioactive cystine egress. Normal granular fractions lost cystine rapidly (mean t 1/2 = 43 min), whereas cystinotic granular fractions did not lose any cystine (mean t 1/2 = infinity). I-cell-disease granular fractions displayed prolonged half-times for cystine disposal (mean = 108 min), suggesting that I-cell-disease fibroblasts, like cystinotic cells, possess a defective carrier mechanism for cystine transport.
Process Implications for Metal‐Dependent Immunoaffinity Interactions (1989)

Abstract Immunosorbents have been developed which utilize metal‐dependent interactions between monoclonal antibody(s) (Mab) and human plasma Protein C and Factor IX, members of the vitamin K‐dependent plasma protein family. In this report, we describe the potential process advantages associated with two different types of divalent metal‐dependent systems: 1) a Mab‐Protein C (antigen) complex which is stabilized in a divalent metal‐free environment and 2) a Mab‐Factor IX (antigen) complex which is stabilized in the presence of divalent metal ions. Chelating agents such as citrate or EDTA are effective agents for sequestering divalent metals. Thus, Protein C binds to the immunosorbent in the presence of EDTA or sodium citrate and can be eluted with buffer containing 25 mM calcium chloride or magnesium chloride. In the second case, Factor IX binds to the immunosorbent in the presence of magnesium chloride and can be eluted with sodium citrate or EDTA. These gentle elution conditions are desirable in order to retain the native structure as well as functional activity of the protein to be immunopurified. Furthermore, unwanted plasma proteins, which may interact nonspecifically with either the agarose matrix or immunoglobulin G (IgG) ligand are less likely to be eluted under these conditions. The calcium‐free citrate buffers used for immunosorption by either of these processes preclude the formation of fibrin solids and eliminate eluents which are difficult to process and which interfere with the biological activity of the product (i.e. chaotropes). The immunoaffinity process we describe for Protein C and Factor IX provides high functionality, purity and yield and demonstrates the feasibility of large‐scale processes utilizing metal‐dependent immunosorbents.
Field Studies Assessing Arthropod Nontarget Effects in <I>Bt</I> Transgenic Crops: Introduction (2005)

TEN YEARS AGO THE Þrst crops modiÞed through genetic engineering to produce novel in-plant protectants became commercially available in the United States. Since that time, the adoption and use of crops with built-in resistance to lepidopteran and coleopteran insect pests and tolerance to certain herbicides has grown rapidly in both industrial and developing countries worldwide. By 2004, 17 countries had adopted transgenic crops ranging from corn and cotton producing insecticidal proteins of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) to corn, cotton, soybean, and canolacontaining genetic constructs conferring tolerance to the herbicides glyphosate or glufosinate. It is estimated that in 2004, 81 million hectares of transgenic crops were cultivated in these 17 countries, the United States leading the way with 47.6 million hectares (James 2004). In 2004, 32% of the Þeld corn and 46% of the upland cotton acreage in the United States was planted with genetically modiÞed cultivars producing one or more Bt toxins (USDA 2004). The rapid and widespread adoption of transgenic crops in the United States and elsewhere has prompted extensive debate over multiple issues related to human safety and environmental risk. The putative environmental risks that have been articulated include outcrossing of nontransgenic plants through pollen drift, horizontal transfer of transgenes to unrelated organisms, loss of susceptibility to Bt toxins in target pests, disruption of ecosystem processes, and direct or indirect effects on nontarget organisms and biodiversity. There has been equal discourse expounding the potential beneÞts associated with the use of transgenic crops in agricultural production systems, including signiÞcant reductions in use of conventional, broad-spectrum insecticides, improved suppression of target pests, improved yields, reductions in production costs leading to increased proÞtability, and increased opportunities for biological control. Governmental agencies such as the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the United States require toxicological testing of a limited number of representative nontarget organisms as one component of the commercial registration process for transgenic crops producing insecticidal proteins. However, there have been calls by research advisory groups (e.g., National Research Council, EPA-FIFRA ScientiÞc Advisory Panels) and private advocacy groups for
Using surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and fluorescence spectroscopy for screening yeast extracts, a complex component of cell culture media (2011)

Yeastolate or yeast extract, which are hydrolysates produced by autolysis of yeast, are often employed as a raw material in the media used for industrial mammalian cell culture. The source and quality of yeastolate can significantly affect cell growth and production; however, analysis of these complex biologically derived materials is not straightforward. The best current method, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC‐MS), is time‐consuming and requires extensive expertise. This study describes the use of surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and fluorescence excitation–emission matrix (EEM) spectroscopy coupled with robust principal component analysis (ROBPCA) for the rapid and facile characterization and discrimination of yeast extracts in aqueous solution. SERS using silver colloids generates time‐dependent signals, where adenine is the strongest contributor, and the spectra are stable and reproducible (&lt; ~3%) at 180 min after mixing. Combining this spectral behavior with chemometric methods enables SERS to be used in discriminating between different yeastolate sources, for assessing lot‐to‐lot variability, and, potentially, to monitor storage‐induced compositional changes. Fluorescence EEM combined with multiway ROBPCA also provides a rapid and inexpensive method for the discrimination of yeastolate, yielding results in terms of sample discrimination very similar to that obtained with SERS. However, the EEM data does not provide the same level of chemical information that is provided by the SERS. Thus, the combination of these two methodologies has the potential to be extremely useful in biopharmaceutical manufacturing, as well as for the rapid characterization and screening of biogenic hydrolysates from animal or plant sources. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Interaction of naphthalene-labeled poly(hydrochloride quaternized 2-norbornene-5-methyleneamine) with O/W microemulsion droplets (2000)

Interaction between naphthalene-labeled poly(hydrochloride quaternized 2-norbornene-5-methyleneamine), poly(HCQNBMA)/NA (luminophore), and quencher, emulsifier or coemulsifier in the aqueous or microemulsion media was studied by using steady-state fluorescence measurements. Fluorescence experiments were carried out with poly(HCQNBMA)/NA dissolved in the aqueous solutions of ionic and nonionic emulsifiers, emulsifier/n-hexane/water microemulsion (A) and emulsifier/n-hexane/1-pentanol/water microemulsion (B), respectively. The intensity of fluorescence emission of poly(HCQNBMA)/NA was much higher in the aqueous phase than in microemulsion. Furthermore, the aqueous solution of ionic emulsifier increased the monomer emission. The increase in the monomer emission can be ascribed to the shielding of the naphthalene (NA) groups by SDS micelles. This separates NA groups from each other, which depresses the deactivation of excited states. The strong decrease in monomer emission within the microemulsion media probably results from the elongated conformation structure of the polymer molecule, and higher conformation freedom of NA groups, which increases interaction between the probe and the quencher. The formation of nonfluorescence clusters is not ruled out. The quenching of NA emission by nitromethan (NM) is much stronger in microemulsion than in the aqueous phase, and the quenching is more pronounced for the low molecular weight 2-norbornene-5-methoxylnaphthalene (NBMNA) than for its polymer. The extent of penetration of reactants into the interfacial layer governs quenching of hydrophobic NA probe by hydrophilic quencher. Furthermore, the quenching events are connected with the thickness and density of the interfacial layer, as well as its charge. The addition of coemulsifier (1-pentanol) increases the total surface area of the microdroplets, the entry rate of reactants into the microdroplets, and the interaction of hydrophobic and hydrophilic reactants. The quenching events are more pronounced in the close packed o/w interfacial layer than in the loosely packed one. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 39: 101–114, 2001
Enterovirus persistence as a mechanism in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. (2014)

Beyond acute clinical conditions, the role of enteroviruses (EVs) in chronic human diseases has been described. Although they are considered as highly cytolytic viruses, EVs can persist in various tissues. The persistence is believed to play a major role in the pathogenesis of EV related chronic diseases such as type 1 diabetes (T1D). T1D is characterized by an autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells, and results from interplay between a genetic predisposition, the immune system, and environmental factors. EVs and especially group B coxsackieviruses (CVB) have been the most incriminated as exogenous agents involved in the development of T1D. Enteroviral persistence is the result of a virus-host coevolution combining a cell resistance to lysis through mutations or down-regulation of viral receptor, and a decrease of the viral replication by genomic modifications or the production of a stable double-stranded RNA form. CVB can persist in pancreatic cells and therefore could trigger, in genetically predisposed individuals, the autoimmune destruction of beta cells mainly through an activation of inflammation. The persistence of the virus in other tissues such as intestine, blood cells, and thymus has been described, and could also contribute to some extent to the enteroviral pathogenesis of T1D. The molecular and cellular mechanisms of CVB persistence and the link with the development of T1D should be investigated further.
Recovery and Reuse of Nanoparticles by Tuning Solvent Quality (2009)

Nanoparticles Are Forever: An isothermal low-energy approach permits recovery of nanoparticles for reuse by tuning solvent quality. The recovered and redispersed nanoparticles retain their morphology and chemical reactivity for recycle and reuse. The method, shown here to be effective in the application of nanoparticles as catalysts, will have a wide and general applicability. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Negative Differential Resistance in Ultra-Thin Ge-On-Insulator FETs (2006)

We report on ambipolar GeOI FETs fabricated on ultra-thin films of single crystal Ge, epitaxially grown on a high-k crystalline lanthanum-yttrium-oxide lattice matched to Si (111) substrate. The GeOI FETs show promising transistor characteristics at room temperature, while at low temperatures they exhibit negative differential resistance (NDR) in the drain current circuit
Modifying CSCW environments dynamically for supporting virtual enterprises (1999)

In computer supported cooperative work (CSCW) environments data and operations can be shared by users and/or they can have their own defined data and operations which may not be shared by other users. The notion of views in (object-oriented) database systems can be applied in CSCW for realizing such environments. We define two kinds of environments, namely, local and global, by extending the deputy object model. The local environment is a personal environment that specifies data and operations available to each user and the global environment defines the global data and operations and also describes how these local environments are created. When a global environment is changed, then all its local environments should also be changed. We discuss how the changes to the global environment can be dynamically reflected in all local environments for supporting virtual enterprises. We show that this dynamic modification of local environments can be achieved by defining the mapping between the local and global environments using Event-Condition-Action (ECA) rules and by defining the metadata of each global and local environment as a state.
Capping and decapping GaAs nanowires with As for preventing oxidation and for epitaxial shell growth (2015)

May 21, 2015
Supplemental Table 1 from <i>KRAS</i> Genomic Status Predicts the Sensitivity of Ovarian Cancer Cells to Decitabine (2023)

&lt;p&gt;The differential mutual information score (Ic, methods) is used in this table to correlate gene mutations and copy number variations with activity of decitabine in solid tumor cell lines.&lt;/p&gt;
High-frequency permeability of soft magnetic [FeM]-Mg-O [M=Ag,Co, Ni] granular films (1999)

Develapmnt of soft magnetic thin films with high saturation magnetic flux density (Bs) and high electid resistivity (p) has been required intensively for high-performance micro magnetic devices.
Geometrical structure and electronic properties of atomically resolved multiwall carbon nanotubes (1999)

Multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) are predicated to exhibit various electronic properties depending on their diameters and chiralities. The existence of multishells offers the possibility of switching between high and low conducting states within the same nanotube. So far, it has been a big challenge to probe the structure and the electronic properties of different MWNT shells. Here we report the nanostructure measurements of MWNT together with their electronic properties as revealed by a scanning tunneling microscope. The images show tubes with different chiralities (0°–30°) and diameters (4–9 nm). Upon thermal oxidation in air, we have observed diameter-dependent tube opening. MWNTs with large diameters (7–9 nm) show open ends while smaller diameters have closed ends. The structure of open end shows unsaturated bonds, which offers rich chemistry to develop molecular technology based on carbon nanotubes. Finally, we present the structure of the inner shells of MWNT.
Digitale Volumentomographie und Strahlenbelastung (2014)

The use of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) among Swiss dentists increases from year to year. The aim of this study was to investigate the application frequency and the knowledge about CBCT and radiation dosage in a representative Swiss dentist sample. A standardized questionnaire about knowledge on CBCT was personally handed out or sent by post to 1,000 dentists in Switzerland (return postage was free of charge). 278 dentists returned the questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis of general variables and written answers of the questionnaires were evaluated. Most dentists were aware of radiation dosage and potential use of the CBCT and are interested in continuing education on CBCT.
Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate Can Convert Epidermal Growth Factor into a Differentiating Factor in Neuronal Cells (1995)

The rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cell line is a model for studying the mechanism of growth factor action. Both epidermal growth factor and nerve growth factor stimulate mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase in these cells. Recent data suggest that the transient activation of MAP kinase may trigger proliferation, whereas sustained activation triggers differentiation in these cells. We have tested this model by asking whether agents that stimulate MAP kinase without inducing differentiation can act additively to trigger differentiation. Neither forskolin nor epidermal growth factor can stimulate differentiation, yet both activate MAP kinase in these cells. Together, their actions on MAP kinase are synergistic. Cells treated with both agents differentiate, measured morphologically and by the induction of neural-specific genes. We propose that cellular responses to growth factor action are dependent not only on the activation of growth factor receptors by specific growth factors but on synchronous signals that may elevate MAP kinase levels within the same cells.
May water matrix components limit real application of electrochemical reduction of nitrate? (2021)

International audience
Erratum: “Experimental investigation of shock oscillations on V-shaped blunt leading edges” [Phys. Fluids 31, 026110 (2019)] (2019)

First Page
Electric Currents around Growing Trichoderma Hyphae, before and after Photoinduction of Conidiation (1984)

Electric currents were measured around Trichoderma harzianum (Rifai) hyphae using an extracellular vibrating electrode. A steady current enters growing hyphal tips and along the side of the apical millimeter. In addition, outward currents were detected at about one-ninth of the locations tested, 60 to 150 minutes after illumination but not in dark controls. This sporadic, localized outward current pattern might be an early biophysical response to blue light.
Self-supervised Short-text Modeling through Auxiliary Context Generation (2022)

Short text is ambiguous and often relies predominantly on the domain and context at hand in order to attain semantic relevance. Existing classification models perform poorly on short text due to data sparsity and inadequate context. Auxiliary context, which can often provide sufficient background regarding the domain, is typically available in several application scenarios. While some of the existing works aim to leverage real-world knowledge to enhance short-text representations, they fail to place appropriate emphasis on the auxiliary context. Such models do not harness the full potential of the available context in auxiliary sources. To address this challenge, we reformulate short-text classification as a dual channel self-supervised learning problem (that leverages auxiliary context) with a generation network and a corresponding prediction model. We propose a self-supervised framework, Pseudo-Auxiliary Context generation network for Short-text Modeling (PACS) , to comprehensively leverage auxiliary context and it is jointly learned with a prediction network in an end-to-end manner. Our PACS model consists of two sub-networks: a Context Generation Network (CGN) that models the auxiliary context’s distribution and a Prediction Network (PN) to map the short-text features and auxiliary context distribution to the final class label. Our experimental results on diverse datasets demonstrate that PACS outperforms formidable state-of-the-art baselines. We also demonstrate the performance of our model on cold-start scenarios (where contextual information is non-existent) during prediction. Furthermore, we perform interpretability and ablation studies to analyze various representational features captured by our model and the individual contribution of its modules to the overall performance of PACS, respectively.
On the use of trunk reservation in PNNI routing (2002)

We investigate how alternate routing and trunk reservation can be used in the private network-network interface (PNNI) framework to enhance the routing performance of ATM networks. After determining the optimal trunk reservation parameters we show, that alternate routing with trunk reservation is superior to both direct routing and simple alternate routing under most traffic conditions. We also show that the current PNNI framework does not allow for fully exploiting the advantages of the trunk reservation concept. Simulation studies performed on a large number of randomly generated networks show that the combination of alternate routing and trunk reservation can provide an efficient and robust routing algorithm.