gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Understanding across-chip line-width variation: the first step toward optical proximity correction (1997)

The prerequisite to successful optical proximity correction is an in depth understanding of the relevant parameters leading to patterning inaccuracies. The work presented in this paper is based on a test chip specifically designed to investigate sources of 1D line width errors, deemed the most critical for optical proximity correction. Data are presented relating line width errors to pitch and pattern density and highlighting the complex interactions between these two main contributors of line width error. The goal of this paper is not to derive a mathematical model for line width variation in etched polysilicon line structures but merely to qualitatively bound the complex interaction of pitch and pattern density based line width variation. The results of this investigation indicate that pattern density has a very significant effect on line width and that lithography, not just reactive ion etch, is significantly impacted by pattern density.
Shape Entropy of a Reconfigurable "Isigami" Surface (2021)

Disclinations in a 2D sheet create regions of Gaussian curvature whose inversion produces a reconfigurable surface with many distinct metastable shapes, as shown by molecular dynamics of a disclinated graphene monolayer. This material has a near-Gaussian density of and an effectively antiferromagnetic interaction between adjacent cones. A $\sim$10 nm patch has hundreds of distinct metastable shapes with tunable stability and topography on the size scale of biomolecules. As every conical disclination provides an Ising-like degree of freedom, we call this technique 'Isigami'.
A μMRI Atlas of Quail Development (2007)

The accessibility to the avian embryo has allowed detailed developmental studies and has long been a favorite of classical embryologists. Embryonic atlases provide a standard reference for anatomical development. Traditional avian developmental atlases are composed of photographs of histological sections with descriptive text and clarifying illustrations. These atlases are invaluable references for understanding the complex anatomy which emerge during embryogenesis. We are developing an alternative and complementary avian atlas based on microscopic Magnetic Resonance Imaging (μMRI), a non‐destructive imaging modality. Currently, our atlas encompasses embryonic day 5–10 (E05–E10) ex ovo and E10,11 and E13 in ovo. μMRI requires no sectioning for imaging internal anatomy of opaque specimens and allows minimal handling thus preserving physical integrity of the developing embryo. As our atlas is 3‐D and digital, a user can interactively explore the virtual embryo. Additionally, the atlas can serve as a framework for mapping and linking to other spatially distributed data types, such as gene expression, cell migration routes, and fatemaps, etc.
Optimal excitation of multiapplicator systems for deep regional hyperthermia (1990)

A method is proposed for determining the excitation amplitudes and phases of the elements of electromagnetic multiapplicator systems for optimizing the specific absorption rate (SAR) distribution around a deep-seated tumor. In this method, the ratio of the power dissipated in the tumor to a weighted summation of the powers supplied to the surrounding regions is optimized. The optimization procedure is combined with a recently proposed effective technique for analysis of various electromagnetic scattering and interaction problems. The general principle is applied to a two-dimensional problem of a piecewise homogeneous cylinder heated by an array of electric current filaments placed outside the cylinder. Numerical simulations are performed to check the effectiveness of the approach. The results demonstrate that using this optimization method, improved SAR distributions can be achieved. The extension to three-dimensional configurations is discussed.
The -13914G>A variant upstream of the lactase gene (LCT) is associated with lactase persistence/non-persistence (2010)

A rare variant G to A residing 13914 bp upstream of the LCT gene was identified in a subject carrying the more frequent variant -13910C/C. The -13914G>A variant in heterozygous state was associated with increased lactase activity, suggesting that the increased lactase activity is most likely to be associated with the -13914G>A variant. Further studies need to be done to confirm the functional role of this variant.
An Overview of Biological and Computational Methods for Designing Mechanism-Informed Anti-biofilm Agents (2021)

Bacterial biofilms are complex and highly antibiotic-resistant aggregates of microbes that form on surfaces in the environment and body including medical devices. They are key contributors to the growing antibiotic resistance crisis and account for two-thirds of all infections. Thus, there is a critical need to develop anti-biofilm specific therapeutics. Here we discuss mechanisms of biofilm formation, current anti-biofilm agents, and strategies for developing, discovering, and testing new anti-biofilm agents. Biofilm formation involves many factors and is broadly regulated by the stringent response, quorum sensing, and c-di-GMP signaling, processes that have been targeted by anti-biofilm agents. Developing new anti-biofilm agents requires a comprehensive systems-level understanding of these mechanisms, as well as the discovery of new mechanisms. This can be accomplished through omics approaches such as transcriptomics, metabolomics, and proteomics, which can also be integrated to better understand biofilm biology. Guided by mechanistic understanding, <i>in silico</i> techniques such as virtual screening and machine learning can discover small molecules that can inhibit key biofilm regulators. To increase the likelihood that these candidate agents selected from <i>in silico</i> approaches are efficacious in humans, they must be tested in biologically relevant biofilm models. We discuss the benefits and drawbacks of <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> biofilm models and highlight organoids as a new biofilm model. This review offers a comprehensive guide of current and future biological and computational approaches of anti-biofilm therapeutic discovery for investigators to utilize to combat the antibiotic resistance crisis.
Bezpečnost vodíkových technologií (2010)

Diplomov prce je zamena na problematiku vodkovch technologi a nvrh obecnch doporuen vztahujcch se k technick bezpenosti a bezpenosti prce.Jsou zde uvedeny zkladn vlastnosti a specifika vodku, monosti jeho detekce a zkladn zpsoby vroby, skladovn, pepravy a distribuce.Dle jsou uvedeny monosti jeho souasnho a budoucho vyuit.Prce dle obsahuje
CryoSIM: super-resolution 3D structured illumination cryogenic fluorescence microscopy for correlated ultrastructural imaging (2020)

Rapid cryopreservation of biological specimens is the gold standard for visualizing cellular structures in their true structural context. However, current commercial cryo-fluorescence microscopes are limited to low resolutions. To fill this gap, we have developed cryoSIM, a microscope for 3D super-resolution fluorescence cryo-imaging for correlation with cryo-electron microscopy or cryo-soft X-ray tomography. We provide the full instructions for replicating the instrument mostly from off-the-shelf components and accessible, user-friendly, open-source Python control software. Therefore, cryoSIM democratizes the ability to detect molecules using super-resolution fluorescence imaging of cryopreserved specimens for correlation with their cellular ultrastructure.
Misassembled mutant CFTR in the distal secretory pathway alters cellular lipid trafficking (2006)

The majority of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) have a single codon deletion in the CFTR gene that impairs assembly of the multidomain glycoprotein, most of which succumbs to ER quality control and proteasomal degradation. Exit from the ER can be facilitated by specific manipulations i.e. growth of cells at reduced temperature, but the rescued ΔF508 is rapidly cleared from the distal secretory pathway and degraded in lysosomes. Recently, accumulation and redistribution of free cholesterol was observed in CF cells and attributed to the lack of CFTR function (White et al. (2004) Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 31:538‐43). Here we show that the presence of several misassembled mutant CFTR proteins including ΔF508 in the distal secretory pathway rather than the absence of a functional CFTR is responsible for lipid alterations. Unesterified cholesterol and BIODIPY‐lactosylceramide accumulate in punctate late endosomal structures and are unable to translocate to the Golgi and ER for esterification. This block can be overcome by Rab9 overexpression resulting in clearance of accumulating intracellular cholesterol. Similar alterations were observed on expression of a temperature‐rescued variant of the related ABC protein MRP1. Thus, on escape from ER quality control, misassembled mutants of CFTR and possibly other proteins may impair sterol and glycosphingolipid homeostasis which involves trafficking through the membranous compartments traversed by the aberrant proteins as they are cleared. Supported by the NIH (DK051870).
Supplementary Figure S4 from Genomic Instability and Protumoral Inflammation Are Associated with Primary Resistance to Anti–PD-1 + Antiangiogenesis in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Additional significant differences in circulating chemokines.&lt;/p&gt;
Accurate non-uniform transmission line model and its application to the de-embedding of on-wafer measurements (2001)

An accurate model for lossy non-uniform transmission lines is presented. The technique provides a coplanar waveguide (CPW) taper model, which has been used to accurately de-embed measurements of passive CPW components in line geometries differing from the nominal 50 Ω geometry of the calibration. The model accounts for both dielectric and conductor losses, and is shown to be in excellent agreement with measured results from 45 MHz to 120 GHz.
Viscosities and Sintering Rates of a Two‐Dimensional Granular Composite (1993)

The effective sintering rates and viscosities of two‐dimensional granular composites are studied using discrete computational models. The composites consist of randomly mixed soft and hard spheres on a triangular lattice. The numerical formulation is based on a requirement of quasistatic equilibrium for each particle in the packing, Two distinct models are employed: the truss model in which only force equilibrium is enforced for each particle, and the beam model in which force and moment equilibrium are enforced for each particle. The differences between the two models are illustrated by the specific problem studied. The effective composite properties display a transition from soft to hard behavior at a well‐defined fraction of hard particles. If contacts between hard particles resist interpenetration, shear, and bending ( bonded case), the transition coincides with the site percolation threshold. If contacts between hard particles can slide and bend but resist inter‐penetration ( sliding case), the transition coincides with percolation of triangular units. Thresholds and scaling of effective viscosities and sintering rates are computed. Because of the mathematical analogy between linear viscous and elastic deformations, these results can also be used to predict the effective moduli and coefficients of thermal expansion of such composites.
Paramagnetic 1H NMR Spectroscopy of the Cyanide Derivative of Met80Ala-iso-1-cytochrome c (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTParamagnetic 1H NMR Spectroscopy of the Cyanide Derivative of Met80Ala-iso-1-cytochrome cKara L. Bren, Harry B. Gray, Lucia Banci, Ivano Bertini, and Paola TuranoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 31, 8067–8073Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1995https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00136a003Request reuse permissionsArticle Views236Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (875 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Real-time monitoring of mechanical cues in the regenerative niche reveal dynamic strain magnitudes that enhance bone repair (2019)

Abstract Mechanical loads exerted on the skeleton during activities such as walking are important regulators of bone repair, but dynamic biomechanical signals are difficult to measure inside the body. The inability to measure the mechanical environment in injured tissues is a significant barrier to developing integrative regenerative and rehabilitative strategies that can accelerate recovery from fracture, segmental bone loss, and spinal fusion. Here we engineered an implantable strain sensor platform and measured strain across a bone defect in real-time throughout rehabilitation. We used the sensor to longitudinally quantify mechanical cues imparted by a load-sharing fixation plate that significantly enhanced bone regeneration in rats. We found that sensor readings correlated with the status of healing, suggesting a potential role for strain sensing as an X-ray-free healing assessment platform. This study demonstrates a promising approach to quantitatively develop and exploit mechanical rehabilitation strategies that enhance bone repair.
Sexual Function and Behavior in Social Phobia (2002)

Patients with social phobia exhibit a wide range of sexual dysfunctions. Men have mainly performance problems, and women have a more pervasive disorder. Patients of both genders show difficulties in sexual interaction. It is important that clinicians be aware of this aspect of social phobia and initiate open discussions of sexual problems with patients.
Insights from cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging supporting the selfish brain hypothesis of arterial hypertension (2015)

Background<br/>Brainstem hypoperfusion may evoke systemic hypertension as a mechanism to boost cerebral blood flow: the selfish brain hypothesis. This notion is supported by evidence of vertebral artery hypoplasia (VAH) in hypertensive rat models. We determined the prevalence of anatomical variations of posterior cerebral circulation which could predispose to brainstem hypoperfusion in a hypertensive human cohort.<br/><br/>Methods<br/>The study was conducted in accordance with The Governance Arrangements for Research Ethics Committees. Patients referred from our tertiary hypertension clinic underwent comprehensive MR assessment including CMR and 3D time-of-flight MR angiography (MRA) imaging at 1.5T. MRAs were double reported by a blinded Neuroradiologist. VAH was defined as diameter &lt;2mm, and compared to published prevalence VAH data in 306 healthy controls. Circle of Willis (CoW) morphology was classified according to previously published reference standards from 50 healthy subjects at 1.5T time-of-flight MRA (Figure 1). Demographic data, including office systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressures (DBP) and CMR-derived indexed left ventricular mass (LVM) were recorded. Continuous variables were compared using Student t-tests and categoric variables by Fisher exact test (p&lt;0.05 = significant).<br/><br/>Results<br/>One hundred and twenty one (n=121) MRAs were studied (mean age 51.7±14.5 vs controls: 62.±10.3 years, p&gt;0.05). VAH was more prevalent in hypertensives than controls [EH1] (51.2% vs 26.5%, p&lt;0.0001), with right-sided VAH [69.4% (n=43/62)] most common. There was a higher prevalence of incomplete posterior CoW in hypertensives (62.0% vs 38.0%, p&lt;0.01). Of the posterior CoW variants, complete disconnection of anterior/posterior CoW was more common in hypertensives (30.6% vs 10.1%, p&lt;0.0001). Prevalence of both VAH and incomplete posterior CoW was higher in hypertensives compared to expected prevalence for controls (38.0% vs 10.1%, p&lt;0.0001).<br/><br/>Amongst the resistant hypertension subgroup, VAH and incomplete CoW was more common than normal configuration [62.2%, n=23/37 vs 35.7%, n=30/84, p&lt;0.01]. No difference in posterior circulation configuration prevalence was seen in difficult to treat (p=0.2497) or drug-intolerant (p=0.4218) hypertension. VAH and incomplete CoW was less common in young-onset hypertension [5.4% (n=2/37) vs 29.8% (n=25/84), p&lt;0.005]. No differences in SBP (p=0.5757), DBP (p=0.8076) or indexed LVM (p=0.1553) were demonstrated between hypertensive patients with or without VAH and incomplete CoW.<br/><br/>Conclusions<br/>A significantly higher prevalence of posterior cerebral circulation anatomical variations, which could lead to increased vascular resistance, is demonstrated in hypertensives compared to controls. VAH and incomplete posterior CoW is most prevalent in resistant hypertensives. Our data support the selfish brain hypothesis of brainstem hypoperfusion as a driver of hypertension.
Stub switched phase shifter (2002)

A stub switched phase shifter, which consists of a reference line, a delay stub and fewer RF switches than the switched line phase shifter, is proposed. It has low phase deviation characteristics. Especially, for the condition of /spl Phi/=180/spl deg/, S=0, L=1/2/spl lambda/g/sub 0/, the proposed phase shifter can reduce two RF switches, and is as compact as about 40% the size of a conventional switched-line phase shifter. It is suitable for phased array applications. The characteristics of the proposed phase shifter designed for /spl Phi/=90/spl deg/, 180/spl deg/ were confirmed by the method of moments.
Parallel-Plate Waveguide Lens for Mechanical Beam Scanning Using Gap Waveguide Feed System (2020)

A parallel-plate waveguide lens with mechanically reconfigurable feed network for continuous beam scanning is presented. The quasi-optical system is designed using an optimization process based on previously developed ray-optical methods. The feed network relies on the non-contacting properties of groove gap waveguides which allows for a fixed input port and simple mechanical actuation. Numerical results are presented for a Ka-band lens design, demonstrating a high scanning performance over an angular range of ± 35° with scan losses lower than 2dB; the simulated mismatch loss is lower than -15 dB between 27 and 31 GHz. The proposed all-metal beamformer is therefore a promising solution for next-generation Satcom applications.
Pd(OAc)2-Catalyzed Macrocyclization of 1,2-Diazonaphthoquinones with Cyclic Ethers (2014)

Pd(OAc)2 was found to be an efficient catalyst for the macrocyclization of 1,2-diazonaphthoquinones and cyclic ethers. This transformation serves as an efficient method for the synthesis of protected 1,2-naphthalenediols.
Hepatic transcriptome implications for palm fruit juice deterrence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in young male Nile rats (2016)

The results obtained suggest that the anti-diabetic effects of PFJ may be due to mechanisms other than an increase in insulin secretion.
Prostaglandin D2 mediates the stimulation of glycogenolysis in the liver by phorbol ester (1988)

The tumour-promoting phorbol ester, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), when added to the perfused liver, stimulates glycogenolysis 2-fold. This stimulation is not seen when aspirin is present in the perfusion medium. In isolated parenchymal liver cells. PMA is not able to stimulate glycogenolysis, suggesting that its effect on glycogenolysis might be indirect and depends on the presence of the non-parenchymal liver cell types. To test the possible operation of an indirect mechanism, we measured the amount of prostaglandin (PG) D2 in liver perfusates. After addition of PMA, the amount of PGD2 is doubled, in parallel with the increase in glycogenolysis. Glycogenolysis in both isolated parenchymal liver cells and perfused liver could be stimulated by the addition of PGD2. Our data indicate that stimulation of glycogenolysis in the liver by PMA may be mediated by non-parenchymal liver cells, which produce PGD2 in response to PMA. Subsequently PGD2 activates glycogenolysis in the parenchymal liver cells. The intercellular communication inside the liver in response to PMA adds a new mechanism to the complex regulation of glucose homoeostasis by the liver.
A strain-based investigation of the accuracy of embedded markers used in tracking cadaveric brain motion (2021)

Measurements of intracranial brain displacement in cadaveric specimens have been instrumental to the validation finite element (FE) models of brain injury. These data collections have used radiographic and sonomicrometric techniques, requiring the use of tissue-embedded tracking markers; however, marker accuracy has never been adequately characterized. Marker tracking precision has been previously conflated with measurement accuracy, not accounting for changes in the natural responseof surrounding tissues due to marker presence. Non-negligible inertia, high stiffness, and the aspect ratio of markers all contribute to this interference. This work investigated the dynamic coupling between published marker designs (NDTs, Sonomicrometry Crystals, and Tin) and a new elastomeric marker, and a block of tissue simulant subjected to a drop impact. The measured strains were compared to the baseline response of the simulant containing massless markers. The results found notable evidence of interference in simulant strain amplitudes as well as considerable directional bias in the response of some markers. The elastomeric marker was found to have minimal interference in the deformation field. FutureFE model validation will need to account for the considerable interference and directional biases to the natural response of brain tissue in existing cadaveric datasets to maintain confidence in strain predictions.
Development progress update of the high power LPP-EUV light source using a magnetic field (2020)

We report the status of CO2-Sn-LPP (Laser-produced-plasma) EUV light source that is being developed at Gigaphoton. Our unique and original technologies are; the combination of a pulsed CO2 laser with Sn droplets, dual wavelength laser application and Sn mitigation with a magnetic field. With these technologies, we achieved &gt;250W (clean burst power at I/F) during more than 10 Billion pulses of operation. At the conference, we will present the development progress of system key components of our EUV light source and the evaluation results of the rate of decrease in reflectivity of actual collector mirrors at &gt;250W.
Multiple brain abscesses and intracerebral hemorrhage caused by Bacillus Cereus in a case of acute lymphatic leukemia (1996)

We report a first case of a 19 year old female suffering from an acute lymphatic leukemia, which developed shortly after the initiation of a chemotherapy an intracerebral hemorrhage and fatal multiple brain abscesses caused by Bacillus cereus. There is much evidence that Bacillus cereus in immunocompromised patients leads to a localized, necrotizing tissue infection due to the production of potent toxins and usually results in rapid and fulminant tissue destruction. Bacillus species has an special affinity for the CNS mediated by phospholipase C, which tends to associate with the lipid membranes of the brain.