gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gene polymorphism of the renin-angiotensin system associates with risk for lacunar infarction: The Ohasama study (2000)

The polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene is considered to be associated with increased risk for stroke, but there is a diversity in the results obtained. The genetic involvement of the renin-angiotensin system in stroke also remains unclear. To predict the genetic risk of lacunar infarction, we conducted an association study in an Ohasama population, which is the cohort in a rural region of northern Japan. A total of 134 subjects without major neurological, cardiovascular, or metabolic disorders were recruited. Using brain magnetic resonance imaging, the number of lacunae in each of four brain regions were calculated, and periventricular hyperintensity was classified into five grades. We used the following four candidate gene polymorphisms: angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)/Insertion(I)-Deletion(D), angiotensinogen (AGT)/M235T, angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1)/ A1166C, type 2 receptor (AT2)/C3123A, to examine the association between polymorphisms and the severity of lacunar infarction. AGT/M235T was significantly associated with the number of lacunae in the brain stem, the basal ganglia (P < .05), and whole brain (P < .005) regions. The AT1 polymorphism was also significantly associated with the number of lacunae in the basal ganglia and whole brain regions (P < .05), and with periventricular hyperintensity grade (P < .005) in the younger population. However, ACE and AT2 polymorphisms failed to show an association with either the number of lacunae or the PVH grade. We concluded that AGT and AT1 polymorphisms are independent genetic risk factors for lacunar infarction.
Design, Synthesis, and Structure–Activity Relationship of a Novel Series of GluN2C-Selective Potentiators (2014)

NMDA receptors are tetrameric complexes composed of GluN1 and GluN2A-D subunits that mediate a slow Ca(2+)-permeable component of excitatory synaptic transmission. NMDA receptors have been implicated in a wide range of neurological diseases and thus represent an important therapeutic target. We herein describe a novel series of pyrrolidinones that selectively potentiate only NMDA receptors that contain the GluN2C subunit. The most active analogues tested were over 100-fold selective for recombinant GluN2C-containing receptors over GluN2A/B/D-containing NMDA receptors as well as AMPA and kainate receptors. This series represents the first class of allosteric potentiators that are selective for diheteromeric GluN2C-containing NMDA receptors.
The Role of Syndecan-1 in Malignancies (1996)

Syndecans form a family of cell surface proteoglycans, which can interact with various effector molecules, such as extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules and growth factors. Syndecan-1 is the most extensively studied member of the syndecan family. It is found mainly in epithelial cells, but its expression is developmentally regulated during embryonic development. It has been shown to mediate cell adhesion to several ECM molecules, and to act as a coreceptor for fibroblast growth factors, potent angiogenic growth factors involved also in differentiation. Syndecan-1 expression is reduced during malignant transformation of various epithelia, and this loss correlates with the histological differentiation grade of squamous cell carcinomas, lacking from poorly differentiated tumours. In squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck, positive syndecan-1 expression correlates with a more favourable prognosis. Recent experimental studies on the role of syndecan-1 in malignant transformation have shown that syndecan-1 expression is associated with the maintenance of epithelial morphology, anchorage-dependent growth and inhibition of invasiveness in vitro. This review will focus on the biological role of syndecan-1 in normal epithelial differentiation and malignant transformation.
Effect of galectin-3 inhibition on drug resistance, motility, invasion, and angiogenic potential in ovarian cancer. (2014)

e22005 Background: Ovarian cancer is the most deadly gynecologic malignancy worldwide. Since the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer is incompletely understood, and there are no available screening techniques for early detection, most patients are diagnosed with advanced, incurable disease. In an effort to develop innovative and effective therapies for ovarian cancer, we tested the effectiveness of Galectin-3C in vitro. Methods: We created a truncated, dominant-negative form of Galectin-3, namely Galectin-3C. Ovarian cancer cell lines and primary cells from ovarian cancer patients were treated with Galectin-3C, and growth, drug sensitivity, and angiogenesis were tested. Results: We show, for the first time, that Galectin-3C significantly reduces the growth, motility, invasion, and angiogenic potential of cultured Ovarian Cancer cell lines and primary cells established from Ovarian Cancer patients. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that Galectin-3C is a promising new compound for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
Supplementary Table S2 from Detection of Promoter DNA Methylation in Urine and Plasma Aids the Detection of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Univariate logistic regression analysis for risk of having NSCLC.&lt;/p&gt;
Investigations on the wear behaviour of the temporary PMMA-based hip Spacer-G® (2003)

Total hip replacement has become one of the most successful orthopaedic procedures. However, complications due to infections may give serious problems and have devastating consequences for the hip implant. The use of a temporary three-dimensional polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) cement spacer may be an alternative to solve infections in hip implants, improving the lives of patients awaiting reimplantation. In order to evaluate their wear behaviour, five PMMA Spacer-G femoral heads were tested against five post-mortem pelves in a hip joint simulator with bovine calf serum as lubricant. The surface of the worn spacers was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis; all the samples revealed a similar morphology, showing areas characterized by different degrees of wear. Particle debris was isolated from the lubricant and PMMA particles and bone fractions were quantified. The amount of debris was found to be higher than where no-temporary prostheses were used. However, this result is acceptable since wear debris is removed by lavage irrigation when the Spacer-G is explanted. On the basis of these data, it is considered that the use of the cement Spacer-G could be a promising approach to the treatment of complicated infections of the hip joint. Therefore, Spacer-G is worthy of further research.
Comparative Gene Expression Profiling of Normal and Degenerative Discs (2002)

Annular laceration in this animal model resulted in marked changes in gene expression. Upregulation of gene expression was observed for some molecules found at high concentration in human degenerated discs, suggesting similarities to human disc degeneration at the molecular level. This supports the need for further study of the genes found to be activated by annular laceration.
β-d-N4-hydroxycytidine Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Through Lethal Mutagenesis But Is Also Mutagenic To Mammalian Cells (2021)

Mutagenic ribonucleosides can act as broad-based antiviral agents. They are metabolized to the active ribonucleoside triphosphate form and concentrate in genomes of RNA viruses during viral replication. β-d-N4-hydroxycytidine (NHC, initial metabolite of molnupiravir) is >100-fold more active than ribavirin or favipiravir against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), with antiviral activity correlated to the level of mutagenesis in virion RNA. However, NHC also displays host mutational activity in an animal cell culture assay, consistent with RNA and DNA precursors sharing a common intermediate of a ribonucleoside diphosphate. These results indicate highly active mutagenic ribonucleosides may hold risk for the host.
Influence of Furanyl Building Blocks on the Cure Kinetics of a Renewable Epoxy-Amine System (2015)

Recently, renewable furan-based epoxy systems containing furanyl building blocks in place of phenyl building blocks were reported by our group. Furan-based epoxy systems showed better mechanical properties compared with their phenyl analogues. In this work, an epoxy-amine cure kinetics study of analogous systems with furanyl and phenyl building blocks was conducted to evaluate the relative effect of the furan building block on the cure behavior. The reactivity rates of the epoxy-primary amine reaction (k 1 ) and epoxy-secondary amine reaction (k 2 ) were obtained, and the results suggest that hydrogen bonding on the furanyl ring potentially affects the reactivity and reactivity ratio thus influencing not only processing characteristics, but also the thermal and mechanical properties of furan-based epoxy systems relative to phenyl analogues.
Programmable Delivery of Synergistic Cancer Drug Combinations Using Bicompartmental Nanoparticles (2020)

Delivery of multiple therapeutics has become a preferred method of treating cancer, albeit differences in the biodistribution and pharmacokinetic profiles of individual drugs pose challenges in effectively delivering synergistic drug combinations to and at the tumor site. Here, bicompartmental Janus nanoparticles comprised of domains are reported with distinct bulk properties that allow for independent drug loading and release. Programmable drug release can be triggered by a change in the pH value and depends upon the bulk properties of the polymers used in the respective compartments, rather than the molecular structures of the active agents. Bicompartmental nanoparticles delivering a synergistic combination of lapatinib and paclitaxel result in increased activity against HER2+ breast cancer cells. Surprisingly, the dual drug loaded particles also show significant efficacy toward triple negative breast cancer, even though this cancer model is unresponsive to lapatinib alone. The broad versatility of the nanoparticle platform allows for rapid exploration of a wide range of drug combinations where both their relative drug ratios and temporal release profiles can be optimized.
DNA Conjugated SWCNTs Enter Endothelial Cells via Rac1 Mediated Macropinocytosis (2012)

Several applications of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) as nanovectors in biological systems have been reported, and several molecular pathways of cellular entry have been proposed. We employed transmission electron microscopy, confocal fluorescent microscopy, and UV-vis spectroscopic analysis to confirm the internalization of DNA-SWCNT in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Additionally, by using pharmacological inhibitors as well as genetic approaches, we have found that SWCNT is endocytosed through Rac1- GTPase mediated macropinocytosis in normal endothelial cells.
Improved method to simulate the halos induced by simultaneous vision (2017)

Halos may be noticed by patients implanted with intraocular lenses. An improved method has been developed to simulate the perception of halos that solves inaccuracies and mimics the characteristic veiling effect induced by this phenomenon.
Spatial processing of complex stimuli in the amblyopic visual system. (1982)

Thresholds for detection and discrimination of the polarity (phase) of repetitive gratings with a ramp luminance profile were compared to sine-wave thresholds in normal and amblyopic observers. In the high-frequency range (4 cy/deg), normal observers detected ramp-wave gratings when the contrast of the fundamental spatial frequency was close to its independent threshold and discriminated the polarity (phase) of the ramp when the second harmonic reached its independent threshold. For the amblyopic eyes, detection of the ramp also occurred when the contrast of the fundamental frequency was near its independent threshold. In contrast, discrimination of the polarity (phase) of the ramp required contrast levels 2 to 10 times greater than needed to detect the second harmonic. The reduced ability of the amblyopic eye to discriminate the polarity of the ramp represents an abnormality in phase processing and appears to be roughly proportional to athe reduced optotype acuity of the amblyopic eyes.
P.8: Trap States in Amorphous In‐Sn‐Zn‐O Thin‐Film Transistors Analyzed Using Dependence on Channel Thickness (2013)

Abstract Trap states in α‐ITZO TFTs are analyzed using the dependences of the trap densities on the channel thickness. Utilizing extraction methods of trap densities in the film, at the front and back interfaces it is suggested that the trap states are not distributed in the film but localized at the interface
Cortical Metabolism, Acetylcholinesterase Staining and Pathological Changes in Alzheimers Disease (1986)

The local cerebral metabolic rate for glucose (LCMRgl) was determined by positron emission tomography (PET) using the 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose method in a series of Alzheimer patients and normal controls. The LCMRgl declined in the cerebral cortex with age, but the decrement was significantly greater in the clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's cases. Comparison of PET and psychological data indicated that, as the disease progressed clinically, the reduction in cortical LCMRgl and the number of cortical regions involved also increased. Variable regions of cortex were involved in the early stages but the temporal, parietal and frontal regions were most typically affected. One case coming to autopsy showed that the severity of the LCMRgl decline paralleled loss of neurons in the cortex and their replacement with astroglia. A case of Pick's disease coming to autopsy had shown a different and highly characteristic pattern of cortical metabolic defect. In this case also a poor metabolic rate was associated with extensive gliosis. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) staining of the cerebral cortex in elderly normals and Alzheimer's disease cases with a new, highly sensitive method showed that in Alzheimer's disease there was an extensive loss of AChE-positive fibers with senile plaques frequently incorporating AChE-positive fiber debris. AChE staining of the substantia innominata area, where the cells giving rise to these neocortical fibers are presumably located, also showed evidence of degenerating cells and fibers.
Impact of gamma rays on amarogentin and amaroswerin content in M1generation ofSwertia chirayita(Roxb. Ex Fleming)H. Karst. (2016)

Amarogentin and amaroswerin are therapeutically most important bio-compounds present in medicinally important endangered temperate medicinal plant species, Swertia chirayita. In the absence of any known elite strains in S. chirayita so far, strains with enhanced biocompounds are needed as this species is under focus for large scale cultivation due to widespread demand for its raw material. Present studies have demonstrated the potential of gamma rays in enhancing these bio-compounds.
RF Dielectric Loss Due to MOCVD Aluminum Nitride on High Resistivity Silicon (2017)

The contribution of high-frequency losses from an aluminum nitride (AlN) layer on high resistivity silicon (Si) is reported. The AlN, deposited on silicon via metalorganic chemical vapor phase deposition as a nucleation layer for subsequent gallium nitride growth, is analyzed for its contribution to the dielectric losses from 6-20 GHz and differentiated from the loss due to the p-type layer formed in the silicon substrate. It is found that AlN is a stronger contributor to overall dielectric loss in comparison with the silicon substrate.
Organic nanoclusters for nonlinear optics: from model systems to cooperative nanoassemblies with enhanced NLO responses (2009)

While structure-properties relationships are quite actively and successfully investigated at the molecular level of engineering of optical nonlinear responses, supramolecular structure-property relationships are an appealing field. The realization that interchromophoric interactions between strongly polar/polarizable NLO chromophores can significantly affect the NLO response of each chromophoric unit as well as promote associations has opened new dimensions for molecular design. Several elegant routes have been implemented to hinder or counterbalance dipole-dipole interactions between dipolar NLO chromophores for the elaboration of second-order materials (for SHG or electro-optical modulation). At opposite, we have implemented a reverse strategy by confining discrete numbers of NLO push-pull chromophores in close proximity within covalent organic nanoclusters with the aim to exploit interchromophoric interactions in order to achieve enhanced NLO responses. As a proof of concept, we present here the investigation of two-series of multichromophoric covalent assemblies built from NLO push-pull chromophores showing that cooperative enhancement can be achieved both for second-order optical responses (first hyperpolarizabilities) or third-order responses (two-photon absorption cross-sections).
Interfacial capacitance of single layer graphene (2011)

The interfacial capacitance of large area, single layer graphene was directly measured with electrolyte accessing both sides of the graphene sheet. PMMA and photoresist patterns were used as supports to suspend the CVD grown graphene in electrolyte during electrochemical testing. Both one and two sides of single layer graphene films were measured and compared. The results show that the area normalized charge that can be stored simultaneously on both sides is significantly lower than could be stored on just one side of single layer graphene, consistent with charge storage having a quantum capacitance component. These measurements are also consistent with the specific capacitance of graphene materials as previously measured in supercapacitor cells and provide a basis for the further understanding and development of graphene based materials for electrical energy storage.
Integration of solution-processed polymer thin-film transistors for reflective liquid crystal applications (2011)

Herein, the integration of solution-processed polymer thin-film transistors (TFTs) that were fabricated using selective wettability through ultraviolet (UV) exposure into a reflective liquid crystal display is demonstrated. From the experimental results of energy-dispersive spectroscopy, the composition of carbon and fluorine enhancing the hydrophobicity in the polymer chains was found to play a critical role in the wetting selectivity upon UV exposure. The polymer TFTs fabricated through the wettability-patterning process exhibited long-term stability and reliability. This wetting-selectivity-based patterning technique will be useful for constructing different types of solution-processed electronic and optoelectronic devices.
Sudoscan, a Noninvasive Tool for Detecting Diabetic Small Fiber Neuropathy and Autonomic Dysfunction (2013)

Sudoscan is a promising, sensitive tool to detect neuropathy in patients with DM. This is a very simple, easy-to-perform test that can be done in the clinical setting in 3-5 min.
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 activation is required for long-term depression in medial prefrontal cortex and fear extinction (2015)

Clinical studies have revealed that genetic variations in metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 (mGlu3) affect performance on cognitive tasks dependent upon the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and may be linked to psychiatric conditions such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and addiction. We have performed a series of studies aimed at understanding how mGlu3 influences PFC function and cognitive behaviors. In the present study, we found that activation of mGlu3 can induce long-term depression in the mouse medial PFC (mPFC) in vitro. Furthermore, in vivo administration of a selective mGlu3 negative allosteric modulator impaired learning in the mPFC-dependent fear extinction task. The results of these studies implicate mGlu3 as a major regulator of PFC function and cognition. Additionally, potentiators of mGlu3 may be useful in alleviating prefrontal impairments associated with several CNS disorders.
Evidence for Two Independent Pathways of Insulin-Receptor Internalization in Hepatocytes and Hepatoma Cells (1988)

A study of insulin-receptor internalization and recycling was undertaken in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes and a human hepatoma cell line (HepG2). Receptors were quantitated by measuring 125I-insulin binding to partially purified soluble receptor preparations from untreated cells (total receptors) and trypsinized cells (intracellular receptors). In resting HepG2 cells, exposure to insulin results in internalization of insulin receptors, the rate and extent of which is dependent on the insulin concentration. However, receptors do not accumulate inside the cell in proportion to the higher rates of internalization at high concentrations of insulin. This lack of accumulation is explained by much higher recycling rates after exposure to high concentrations of insulin. Similar results were noted for primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. These results imply qualitatively different fates for receptors internalized after exposure to different concentrations of insulin. To further investigate the possibility of different pathways for insulin-receptor internalization and processing, cells in low (1 ng/ml) or high (100 ng/ml) concentrations of insulin were exposed to drugs or treatments known to affect receptor metabolism. Hypotonic shock and hypokalemia, which arrest coated-pit formation, blocked internalization of insulin and insulin receptors at low concentrations of insulin but allowed internalization in response to high concentrations of insulin. The lysosomotropic drugs monensin and chloroquine caused intracellular accumulation of insulin and its receptors internalized at low concentrations of insulin but had a relatively smaller effect on receptors internalized at high concentrations of insulin. All internalization is blocked by 2,4-dinitrophenol. We conclude that high doses of insulin lead to insulin-receptor internalization and recycling through a pathway that is functionally distinct from the pathway taken by receptors internalized by low (physiologic) concentrations of insulin. The pharmacologic experiments raise the possibility that the high-dose pathway, unlike the low-dose pathway, may proceed independently of coated pits and endosomal acidification.
Gel Permeation Chromatography Process For Highly Oriented Cs3Cu2I5 Nanocrystal Film (2021)

Abstract The emergence of green materials has attracted considerable attention in the field of optoelectronics. Copper-based lead-free halide perovskite (with a near-unity quantum yield) obtained from Cs 3 Cu 2 I 5 nanocrystals (NCs) can exhibit blue emission with a wavelength of 440 nm and provide outstanding stability for various applications. However, in practical applications, colloidal dispersion purity and film quality are inadequate toward a high-performance device. In this study, antisolvent-free gel permeation chromatography is used to purify Cs 3 Cu 2 I 5 NCs. The purified Cs 3 Cu 2 I 5 NCs exhibit a high photoluminescent quantum yield and provide a highly oriented single-crystal film. Density functional theory calculation results indicate that the iodide-rich phase in the NCs makes them highly stable. In addition, it has been demonstrated for the first time that the mixture of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and Cs 3 Cu 2 I 5 NCs has waterproofing capabilities. The composite film consisting of Cs 3 Cu 2 I 5 NCs and PMMA can survive in water for several days. This result opens up more possibilities for the application of these green material.