gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hindered and Enhanced Coalescence of Drops in Stokes Flows (2004)

We analyze axisymmetric near-contact motion of two drops under the action of an external force or imposed flow. It is shown that hydrodynamic stresses in the near-contact region that are associated with the outer (drop-scale) flow can qualitatively affect the drainage of the thin fluid film separating the drops. If this far-field stress acts radially inward, film drainage is arrested at long times; exponential film drainage occurs if this stress acts outward. An asymptotic analysis of the stationary long-time film profile is presented for small-deformation conditions, and the critical strength of van der Waals attraction for film rupture is calculated. The effect of an insoluble surfactant is also considered. Hindered and enhanced drop coalescence are not predicted by the current theories, because the influence of the outer flow on film drainage is ignored.
Development of a Human Joint Torque Estimation System applying Passive Motion with Parallel Wire Driven Mechanisms (2004)

We develop a system to estimate joint torque of multi-joint structures such as humans and robots. The system consists of a parallel wire driven mechanisms which drives an end point of a multi-joint structure. The joint torque of the structures is estimated by measuring the end point force. We use only geometric relation between the end point and the joint for the estimation. In this paper, we describe a method to estimate joint torque, and verified precision of the system analytically. Lastly, we show some experimental results of estimation of human joint torque.
Airway nitric oxide release is reduced after PBS inhalation in asthma (2006)

Exhaled nitric oxide (NO) is elevated in asthma, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Recent results in subjects with asthma have reported a decrease in exhaled breath pH and ammonia, as well as altered expression and activity of glutaminase in both alveolar and airway epithelial cells. This suggests that pH-dependent nitrite conversion to NO may be a source of exhaled NO in the asthmatic airway epithelium. However, the anatomic location (i.e., airway or alveolar region) of this pH-dependent NO release has not been investigated and could impact potential therapeutic strategies. We quantified airway (proximal) and alveolar (peripheral) contributions to exhaled NO at baseline and then after PBS inhalation in stable (mild-intermittent to severe) asthmatic subjects (20-44 yr old; n = 9) and healthy controls (22-41 yr old; n = 6). The mean (SD) maximum airway wall flux (pl/s) and alveolar concentration (ppb) at baseline in asthma subjects and healthy controls was 2,530 (2,572) and 5.42 (7.31) and 1,703 (1,567) and 1.88 (1.29), respectively. Compared with baseline, there is a significant decrease in the airway wall flux of NO in asthma as early as 15 min and continuing for up to 60 min (maximum -28% at 45 min) after PBS inhalation without alteration of alveolar concentration. Healthy control subjects did not display any changes in exhaled NO. We conclude that elevated airway NO at baseline in asthma is reduced by inhaled PBS. Thus airway NO may be, in part, due to nitrite conversion to NO and is consistent with airway pH dysregulation in asthma.
Corrigendum: Discovery of a Cryptic Depsipeptide from Streptomyces ghanaensis via MALDI‐MS‐Guided High‐Throughput Elicitor Screening (2020)

Due to oversight, the authors neglected to reference ap aper by Zhang et al. [1] in the original version of this Communication. Zhang et al. describe the discovery of eudistamide B, an isomeric compound to cinnapeptin from am arine streptomycete, which differs only in the absolute configuration at three residues. Specifically, eudistamide Bc ontains D-Tyr at residue 8(rather than L-Tyr in cinnapeptin) and (2S,3R)-3-OH-Leu at residues 6and 10 (rather than (2S,3S)-3-OH-Leu in cinnapeptin). While slightly different Marfey analysis procedures were used, it is unlikely that either of these procedures led to racemization, as single enantiomers were observed for all amino acids in both compounds with the exception of Tyrincinnapeptin, the origin of which can be explained based on the biosynthetic gene cluster (see Figure The authors apologize for the missing citation.
Laser keyhole welding of galvanized high-strength steel in a gap-free lap joint configuration (2010)

The use of high-strength galvanized steels has increased significantly in various industries. However, welding of galvanized steels in a gap-free lap joint configuration presents a difficulty in dealing with the highly-pressurized zinc vapor resulting from the lower boiling point of zinc as compared to the melting point of steel. When failing to vent the highly-pressurized zinc vapor, a large amount of spatter and blowholes are produced in the weld during the welding process, which leads to significant degradation of the mechanical properties of the weld. In order to vent the zinc vapor, it is common for the industries to set up a small gap at the faying surface of two metal sheets prior to the welding process. This gap is costly to ensure the dimensional integrity of the flanges. Industry is continuously seeking for a single laser beam welding technique without the pre-or post weld processing. In this study, a novel laser welding process is proposed to lap join galvanized steels in a gap-free configuration. A side shielding gas is introduced to suppress the unstable laser-induced plasma, thus improving the coupling of the laser beam energy into the welded materials. At the same time, the drag force generated by the highly-pressurized zinc vapor, which results in the turbulent molten pool, is balanced by the external force from the side shielding gas. Under these welding conditions, the stable keyhole is maintained during the laser welding process, which provides a channel for the highly-pressurized zinc vapor to escape from the faying surface of two metal sheets. Completely defect-free lap joints are obtained by this laser welding process. In addition, a high-speed CCD camera is used to monitor the real-time dynamic behavior of the molten pool under different welding conditions. Furthermore, influences of thermocapillary force, recoil pressure and buoyancy force on the dynamic behavior of the molten pool are studied.
Observation of the Production of Three Massive Gauge Bosons at s=13  TeV (2020)

The first observation is reported of the combined production of three massive gauge bosons (VVV with V=W, Z) in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The analysis is based on a data sample recorded by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb^{-1}. The searches for individual WWW, WWZ, WZZ, and ZZZ production are performed in final states with three, four, five, and six leptons (electrons or muons), or with two same-sign leptons plus one or two jets. The observed (expected) significance of the combined VVV production signal is 5.7 (5.9) standard deviations and the corresponding measured cross section relative to the standard model prediction is 1.02_{-0.23}^{+0.26}. The significances of the individual WWW and WWZ production are 3.3 and 3.4 standard deviations, respectively. Measured production cross sections for the individual triboson processes are also reported.
Power performance evaluation of vibration power generator using the magnetic flux concentration effect (2017)

A vibration power generator produce electricity using environmental vibration, such as floor vibration caused by people walking, vibration caused by cars and trains. Electric power generated by the vibration power generator is expected to be an alternative to a power source (a battery or the like) used in IoT sensor or the like. There is a method to increase the magnitude of the interlinkage magnetic flux of a coil by using a magnet having good magnetic characteristics or by optimizing a magnetic circuit and so on.
Immunolocalization of membrane-associated CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase in phosphatidylcholine-deficient Chinese hamster ovary cells. (1992)

The location of CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells made deficient in phosphatidylcholine was determined by immunofluorescence techniques. A rabbit polyclonal antibody was raised against a synthetic peptide corresponding to the amino-terminal 17 amino acid residues of rat liver cytidylyltransferase. The antibody recognized both native and denatured cytidylyltransferase from both rat liver and CHO cells. CHO cells were treated with phospholipase C to alter the lipid composition of the plasma membrane and to elicit translocation of cytidylyltransferase from the less active soluble pool to an activated membrane fraction. Visualization of cytidylyltransferase by indirect immunofluorescence revealed staining of the nuclear envelope in phospholipase C-treated cells but not in untreated cells. CHO cells were also starved for choline and supplemented with a choline analogue to provide an alternative technique of rendering the cells phosphatidylcholine-deficient. Although this treatment should affect different cellular membranes than those affected by phospholipase C treatment, cytidylyltransferase still translocated to the nuclear envelope, as shown by indirect immunofluorescence. These results indicate that activated, membrane-bound cytidylyltransferase is associated with the nuclear membrane and suggest that the nuclear membrane may be a site of de novo phosphatidylcholine synthesis.
Diffusion and Drift of Charge Carriers in Molecularly Doped Polymers (1995)

The diffusion coefficient $(D)$ and drift mobility $(\ensuremath{\mu})$ of molecularly doped polymers have been obtained by Monte Carlo parameter fitting of a theoretical equation to time-of-flight transient photocurrent signals. The logarithm of \ensuremath{\mu} increased linearly with $\sqrt{E}$. The negative field dependence of the mobility that has been observed at low electric field appeared to a superimposition of drift and diffusion. An anomalous field-assisted $D$ was observed. The logarithm of $D$ decreased linearly with ${T}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$.
H2O: Two Hands Manipulating Objects for First Person Interaction Recognition (2021)

We present a comprehensive framework for egocentric interaction recognition using markerless 3D annotations of two hands manipulating objects. To this end, we propose a method to create a unified dataset for egocentric 3D interaction recognition. Our method produces annotations of the 3D pose of two hands and the 6D pose of the manipulated objects, along with their interaction labels for each frame. Our dataset, called H2O (2 Hands and Objects), provides synchronized multi-view RGB-D images, interaction labels, object classes, ground-truth 3D poses for left & right hands, 6D object poses, ground-truth camera poses, object meshes and scene point clouds. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first benchmark that enables the study of first-person actions with the use of the pose of both left and right hands manipulating objects and presents an unprecedented level of detail for egocentric 3D interaction recognition. We further propose the method to predict interaction classes by estimating the 3D pose of two hands and the 6D pose of the manipulated objects, jointly from RGB images. Our method models both inter- and intra-dependencies between both hands and objects by learning the topology of a graph convolutional network that predicts interactions. We show that our method facilitated by this dataset establishes a strong baseline for joint hand-object pose estimation and achieves state-of-the-art accuracy for first person interaction recognition.
Supplemental Table S1 from The Distinctive Mutational Spectra of Polyomavirus-Negative Merkel Cell Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Table S1. Clinical parameters, MCPyV status, and next-generation sequencing analyses&lt;/p&gt;
Magnetization Transfer Ratio of the Spinal Cord in Multiple Sclerosis: Relationship to Atrophy and Neurologic Disability (2000)

The authors compare the spinal cord magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients to healthy volunteers, relate MTR to spinal cord atrophy, and relate these and other magnetic resonance (MR) imaging parameters to disability. Sixty-five patients with MS (14 relapsing remitting [RR], 34 secondary progressive [SP], and 17 primary progressive [PP] MS), and 9 healthy volunteers were studied using MR at 1.0 T. Disability of the patients was assessed using the expanded disability status scale (EDSS). Magnetic resonance parameters were upper spinal cord MTR, number of focal spinal lesions, presence of diffuse abnormalities, and spinal cord cross-sectional area (CSA). Correlations were assessed using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (r). Magnetization transfer ratio was higher in the controls (median, 33%; range, 30%-38%) than in patients with MS (median, 30%; range, 16-36; p < 0.05). In patients with MS EDSS correlated with spinal cord MTR, albeit weakly (r = -0.25, p < 0.05). Correlation between EDSS and spinal cord CSA was better (SRCC = -0.40, p < 0.01). No correlation was found between MTR and CSA (r = 0.1, p = 0.4). Combining MTR with spinal cord CSA improved correlation with EDSS (r = -0.46, p < 0.001), suggesting an independent correlation between disability and these 2 MR parameters. Expanded disability status scale scores were higher in patients who had diffuse spinal cord abnormality regardless of focal lesions (median, 6; range, 1.5-7.5) than in patients without diffuse abnormalities (median, 3.5; range, 0-8; p < 0.01). CSA was lower in patients with diffuse spinal cord abnormality (median, 62; range, 46-89 mm2) than in patients without diffuse abnormalities (median, 73; range, 47-89 mm2; p < 0.01). MTR was slightly lower in patients with diffuse spinal cord abnormalities (median, 29; range, 21%-33%) than in patients without diffuse abnormalities (median, 31; range, 16-36; t-test, p < 0.05).
Microwave‐heated γ‐Alumina Applied to the Reduction of Aldehydes to Alcohols (2020)

Abstract The development of cheap and robust heterogeneous catalysts for the Meerwein‐Ponndorf‐Verley (MPV) reduction is desirable due to the difficulties in product isolation and catalyst recovery associated with the traditional use of homogeneous catalysts for MPV. Herein, we show that microwave heated γ‐Al 2 O 3 can be used for the reduction of aldehydes to alcohols. The reaction is efficient and has a broad substrates scope (19 entries). The products can be isolated by simple filtration, and the catalyst can be regenerated. With the use of microwave heating, we can direct the heating to the catalyst rather than to the whole reaction medium. Furthermore, DFT was used to study the reaction mechanism, and we can conclude that a dual‐site mechanism is operative where the aldehyde and 2‐propoxide are situated on two adjacent Al sites during the reduction. Additionally, volcano plots were used to rationalize the reactivity of Al 2 O 3 in comparison to other metal oxides.
ROFL (2006)

It is accepted wisdom that the current Internet architecture conflates network locations and host identities, but there is no agreement on how a future architecture should distinguish the two. One could sidestep this quandary by routing directly on host identities themselves, and eliminating the need for network-layer protocols to include any mention of network location. The key to achieving this is the ability to route on flat labels. In this paper we take an initial stab at this challenge, proposing and analyzing our ROFL routing algorithm. While its scaling and efficiency properties are far from ideal, our results suggest that the idea of routing on flat labels cannot be immediately dismissed.
Direct formation of gold nanoparticles using ultrasound (2023)

The invention provides a green chemistry, aqueous method to synthesize gold nanoparticles directly from bulk gold sources. The method involves the ultrasonication of bulk gold in water in the presence of an alkythiol species and a quaternary ammonium surfactant. An organic bilayer forms on the surface of the gold which renders it susceptible to material ejection from the violent collapse of cavitation bubbles. This ejected material is stabilized in solution by the formation of an organic bilayer and can be easily separated. It can then be subjected to an aqueous digestive ripening step to give a gold nanoparticle ensemble with a well-defined plasmon resonance. This method is applicable to a number of different sources of bulk gold. The method can be applied to an environmentally important problem; the recovery of gold from electronic waste streams. For example, gold nanoparticles can be extracted directly from the surface of SIM cards, with no prior manipulation of the cards necessary.
Widely tunable MEMS-VCSELs operating at > 70 °C (2013)

A mode hop free single mode tuning &lt; 90nm at 40&deg;C and 45nm at 70&deg;C is demonstrated with a MEMS tunable VCSEL for the first time. The device shows a fiber-coupled output power of 2.9mW at 20&deg;C and 0.5mW at 70&deg;C. The side mode suppression ratio is larger than 40 dB over the entire tuning and temperature range of up to 70&deg;C. The presented technology is cost effective and thus capable for mass production. It is applicable for tuneable VCSELs operating in different wavelength regimes, which are limited by the absorption of the DBR materials only.
Structure–Activity Relationships of C-17 Cyano-Substituted Estratrienes as Anticancer Agents (2008)

The synthesis, SAR, and preclinical evaluation of 17-cyanated 2-substituted estra-1,3,5(10)-trienes as anticancer agents are discussed. 2-Methoxy-17beta-cyanomethylestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-3-ol ( 14), but not the related 2-ethyl derivative 7, and the related 3- O-sulfamates 8 and 15 display potent antiproliferative effects (MCF-7 GI 50 300, 60 and 70 nM, respectively) against human cancer cells in vitro. Investigation of the SAR reveals that a sterically unhindered hydrogen bond acceptor attached to C-17 is most likely key to the enhanced activity. Compound 8 displayed significant in vitro antiangiogenic activity, and its ability to act as a microtubule disruptor was confirmed. Inhibitory activity of the sulfamate derivatives against steroid sulfatase and carbonic anhydrase II (hCAII) was also observed, and the interaction between 15 and hCAII was investigated by protein crystallography. The potential of these multimechanism anticancer agents was confirmed in vivo, with promising activity observed for both 14 and 15 in an athymic nude mouse MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer xenograft model.
Entrainment of marginally stable excitation waves by spatially extended\n sub-threshold periodic forcing (2011)

We analyze the effects of spatially extended periodic forcing on the dynamics\nof one-dimensional excitation waves. Entrainment of unstable primary waves has\nbeen studied numerically for different amplitudes and frequencies of additional\nsub-threshold stimuli. We determined entrainment regimes under which excitation\nblocks were transformed into consistent 1:1 responses. These responses were\nspatially homogeneous and synchronized in the entire excitable medium. Compared\nto primary pulses, pulses entrained by secondary stimulations were stable at\nconsiderably shorter periods which decreased at higher amplitudes and greater\nnumber of secondary stimuli. Our results suggest a practical methodology for\nstabilization of excitation in reaction-diffusion media with regions of reduced\nexcitability.\n
Mitigation of Instrument-Dependent Variability in Ballistocardiogram Morphology: Case Study on Force Plate and Customized Weighing Scale (2019)

The objective of this study was to investigate the measurement instrument-dependent variability in the morphology of the ballistocardiogram (BCG) waveform in human subjects and computational methods to mitigate the variability. The BCG was measured in 22 young healthy subjects using a high-performance force plate and a customized commercial weighing scale under upright standing posture. The timing and amplitude features associated with the major I, J, K waves in the BCG waveforms were extracted and quantitatively analyzed. The results indicated that 1) the I, J, K waves associated with the weighing scale BCG exhibited delay in the timings within the cardiac cycle relative to the ECG R wave as well as attenuation in the absolute amplitudes than the respective force plate counterparts, whereas 2) the time intervals between the I, J, K waves were comparable. Then, two alternative computational methods were conceived in an attempt to mitigate the discrepancy between force plate versus weighing-scale BCG: a transfer function and an amplitude-phase correction. The results suggested that both methods effectively mitigated the discrepancy in the timings and amplitudes associated with the I, J, K waves between the force plate and weighing-scale BCG. Hence, signal processing may serve as a viable solution to the mitigation of the instrument-induced morphological variability in the BCG, thereby facilitating the standardized analysis and interpretation of the timing and amplitude features in the BCG across wide-ranging measurement platforms.
Enantioselective 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloadditions of Unsaturated Aldehydes Promoted by a Poly(ethylene glycol)‐Supported Organic Catalyst. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Analysis and Design of Intrinsically Dual Circular Polarized Microstrip Antennas Using an Equivalent Circuit Model and Jones Matrix Formulation (2016)

Planar dual circular polarization (CP) antennas can be realized with a linearly polarized antenna and a quadrature hybrid, but the hybrid is lossy and undesirable for satellite communications applications where efficiency is paramount. There are surprisingly few hybrid-free, intrinsically dual CP microstrip antenna (MSA) designs in the literature. One reason for this is that it is challenging to obtain high isolation between ports while maintaining low return loss and good polarization quality. To resolve this problem, a method for multicriterion design optimization of dual-CP MSAs is proposed. The method is based on an accurate equivalent circuit model combined with a Jones matrix representation of the antenna response. The model explains the counter-intuitive tradeoff between cross-polarization isolation and impedance mismatch factor. The model also provides an analytical relationship between axial ratio bandwidth and impedance bandwidth, and allows the Wheeler cap method to be generalized to multiport, dual polarization antennas. Based on insights provided by the analysis, an effective matching and decoupling scheme is proposed, leading to an intrinsically dual CP MSA design that is competitive in performance with a dual linear antenna combined with a hybrid. Results are validated by comparison to full wave simulations for practical dual CP antenna examples.
Performance of Prototype Liquid Xenon Scintillation Detector System for Time-of-Flight Type Positron Emission Tomography with Improved Photomultipliers (2005)

The properties of liquid Xe are considered to be advantageous for application to time-of-flight positron emission tomography (TOF-PET). Previously, we constructed a prototype liquid Xe TOF-PET detector using photomultiplier tubes (PMTs), which can operate at liquid xenon temperature, and investigated their performance. Their poor quantum efficiency and low gain, however, were not sufficient for use in TOF-PET. Recently, new PMTs with five times higher quantum efficiency in liquid Xe and ten times higher gain than the previous PMTs have been developed by Hamamatsu Photonics Co. The prototype PET detectors, presented here, were constructed using these new PMTs and tested. An energy resolution of 15.9% (FWHM), a position resolution of 2.1–3.5 mm (FWHM), and a timing resolution of 260 ps (FWHM) were achieved.