gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selective deletion of leptin receptor in neurons leads to obesity (2001)

Animals with mutations in the leptin receptor (ObR) exhibit an obese phenotype that is indistinguishable from that of leptin deficient ob/ob mice. ObR is expressed in many tissues, including brain, and the relative importance of leptin's effects on central versus peripheral sites has not been resolved. To address this, we generated mice with neuron-specific (ObR(SynI)KO) and hepatocyte-specific (ObR(Alb)KO) disruption of ObR. Among the ObR(SynI)KO mice, the extent of obesity was negatively correlated with the level of ObR in hypothalamus and those animals with the lowest levels of ObR exhibited an obese phenotype. The obese mice with low levels of hypothalamic ObR also show elevated plasma levels of leptin, glucose, insulin, and corticosterone. The hypothalamic levels of agouti-related protein and neuropeptide Y RNA are increased in these mice. These data indicate that leptin has direct effects on neurons and that a significant proportion, or perhaps the majority, of its weight-reducing effects are the result of its actions on brain. To explore possible direct effects of leptin on a peripheral tissue, we also characterized ObR(Alb)KO mice. These mice weigh the same as controls and have no alterations in body composition. Moreover, while db/db mice and ObR(SynI)KO mice have enlarged fatty livers, ObR(Alb)KO mice do not. In summary, these data suggest that the brain is a direct target for the weight-reducing and neuroendocrine effects of leptin and that the liver abnormalities of db/db mice are secondary to defective leptin signaling in the brain.
Synthetic diamond and wurtzite structures self-assemble with isotropic pair interactions (2007)

Using inverse statistical-mechanical optimization techniques, we have discovered isotropic pair interaction potentials with strongly repulsive cores that cause the tetrahedrally coordinated diamond and wurtzite lattices to stabilize, as evidenced by lattice sums, phonon spectra, positive-energy defects, and self-assembly in classical molecular dynamics simulations. These results challenge conventional thinking that such open lattices can only be created via directional covalent interactions observed in nature. Thus, our discovery adds to fundamental understanding of the nature of the solid state by showing that isotropic interactions enable the self-assembly of open crystal structures with a broader range of coordination number than previously thought. Our work is important technologically because of its direct relevance generally to the science of self-assembly and specifically to photonic crystal fabrication.
Development of a SMA hybrid composite jet engine chevron concept (2007)

Control of jet noise continues to be an important research topic. Exhaust-nozzle chevrons have been shown to reduce jet noise, but parametric effects are not well understood. Additionally, thrust loss due to chevrons at cruise suggests significant benefit from active chevrons. The focus of this study is development of an active chevron concept for the primary purpose of parametric studies for jet noise reduction in the laboratory and technology development to leverage for full scale systems. The active chevron concept employed in this work consists of a laminated composite structure with embedded shape memory alloy (SMA) actuators, termed a SMA hybrid composite (SMAHC). SMA actuators are embedded on one side of the bending axis of the structure such that thermal excitation generates a moment and deflects the structure. Two active chevron concepts are demonstrated; one that is powered to immerse and one that is powered to retract. A brief description of the chevron designs is followed by details of the fabrication approach. Results from bench-top tests are presented and correlated with predictions from a numerical model. Very repeatable performance is achieved with excellent agreement between predicted and measured results. Although the deflection requirement is not achieved in the presented results, the approach to meeting the performance requirement is evident.
Chinese Character Recognition with Augmented Character Profile Matching (2022)

Chinese character recognition (CCR) has drawn continuous research interest due to its wide applications. After decades of study, there still exist several challenges,e.g., different characters with similar appearance and the one-to-many problem. There is no unified solution to the above challenges as previous methods tend to address these problems separately. In this paper, we propose a Chinese character recognition method named Augmented Character Profile Matching (ACPM), which utilizes a collection of character knowledge from three decomposition levels to recognize Chinese characters. Specifically, the feature maps of each character image are utilized as the character-level knowledge. In addition, we introduce a radical-stroke counting module (RSC) to help produce augmented character profiles, including the number of radicals, the number of strokes, and the total length of strokes, which characterize the character more comprehensively. The feature maps of the character image and the outputs of the RSC module are collected to constitute a character profile for selecting the closest candidate character through joint matching. The experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods on both the ICDAR 2013 and CTW datasets by 0.35% and 2.23%, respectively. Moreover, it also clearly outperforms the compared methods in the zero-shot settings. Code is available at https://github.com/FudanVI/FudanOCR/tree/main/character-profile-matching.
GPT-too: A Language-Model-First Approach for AMR-to-Text Generation (2020)

Manuel Mager, Ramón Fernandez Astudillo, Tahira Naseem, Md Arafat Sultan, Young-Suk Lee, Radu Florian, Salim Roukos. Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics. 2020.
Minimally Invasive Surgical Therapy for BPH: PVP (Photoselective Vaporization of the Prostate) (2017)

The presence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the most common condition that affects the quality of life of elderly men. Surgical treatment remains the most efficient modality for removing bladder outlet obstruction, thus reducing LUTS secondary to BPH. Although a traditional transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) has been the standard surgical treatment, intra- and postoperative morbidities including bleeding with the need for transfusion and TUR-syndrome remain a concern. The technique of photoselective vaporization of the prostate (PVP) with 532 nm wavelength laser has recently gained acceptance among urologists. The prostatic tissue is ablated by rapid vaporization and only a short depth of coagulated tissue remains, thus resulting in an instant hemostatic tissue ablation and minimal intraoperative bleeding. PVP provides safe and effective treatment with prompt improvement of LUTS. This technique, therefore, represents the latest technological development in the treatment of BPH as an alternative to the traditional TURP.
Chemical-Looping Combustion for Combined Cycles With CO2 Capture (2004)

Chemical-Looping Combustion (CLC) is a process where fuel oxidation is carried out through an intermediate agent — a metal oxide — circulated across two fluidized bed reactors: a reduction reactor, where an endothermic reaction reduces the metal oxide and oxidizes the fuel, and an oxidation reactor, where an exothermic reaction oxidizes the metal oxide in air. Overall, the system carries out the same job of a conventional combustor, with the fundamental advantage of segregating the oxidation products (CO2 and H2O) into an output flow free of nitrogen and excess oxygen. The flow exiting the reduction reactor consists of water and CO2, the latter readily available for liquefaction, transport and long-term storage. The hot, vitiated air from the oxidation reactor is the means to produce power through a thermodynamic cycle. This paper reports of a study supported by the ENI group to assess the potential of the integration between CLC and combined gas-steam power cycles. More specifically, we focus on four issues: (i) optimization of plant configuration; (ii) prediction of overall efficiency; (iii) use of commercial gas turbines; (iv) preliminary economic estimates. The CLC system is based on iron oxides which, to maintain their physical characteristics, must operate below 900–1000°C. Given the crucial importance of the temperature of the vitiated air generated by CLC on the performance of the combined cycle, we consider two options: (i) “unfired” systems, where natural gas is fed only to the CLC system, (ii) “fired” systems, where the vitiated air is supplementary fired to reach gas turbine inlet temperatures ranging 1000–1200°C. Results show that unfired configurations with maximum process temperature 850–1050°C and zero emissions reach net LHV plant efficiencies ranging 43–48%. Fired cycles where temperature is raised from 850 to 1200°C by supplementary firing can achieve 52% net LHV efficiency with CO2 emission about one half of those of a state-of-the-art combined cycles. Fired configurations allow significant capital cost and fuel cost savings compared to unfired configurations; however, a carbon tax high enough to make them attractive (close to 50 €/ton) would undermine these advantages.
Voltage droop reduction using throttling controlled by timing margin feedback (2012)

An active processor throttling control loop using critical path timing measurements is enabled in the shipping POWER7™ based P775 supercomputer to prevent voltage droop induced failures. As a result, worst-case workload-induced voltage droop events are reduced by more than 50% compared to the system operating without the control loop. The reduction in operating voltage afforded by this technique translates to significant yield improvement, reduced failure rates, and improved power efficiency.
First Evidence for the Formation of a Geminal Dizinc Carbenoid:  A Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of 1,2,3-Substituted Cyclopropanes (2001)

Significant amounts of novel gem-dizinc carbenoids (RZnCHIZnR) are formed when diethylzinc is mixed with iodoform in CH2Cl2 at 0 degrees C. This reagent was shown to be effective in the cyclopropanation of butenediol derivatives to generate a cyclopropylzinc intermediate that could be trapped with a variety of electrophiles. 1,2,3-Substituted cyclopropane derivatives are formed with excellent diastereoselectivities by using this simple procedure.
Correction: Corrigendum: Non-ionizing radiofrequency electromagnetic waves traversing the head can be used to detect cerebrovascular autoregulation responses (2016)

Scientific Reports 6: Article number: 21667; published online: 22 February 2016; updated: 20 April 2016. In this Article, J. Lavee is incorrectly listed as being affiliated with ‘Faculty of Life Science, Bar Ilan University, Israel’. The correct affiliation is listed below: Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Freestanding spherical silicon nanocrystals: A model system for studying confined excitons (2010)

We report on the light emitting properties of freestanding hydrogen-terminated spherical silicon nanocrystals. The nanocrystals exhibit size-dependent tunable light emission properties. Many light emission properties of this system are found to be very similar to those known for other systems containing silicon nanocrystals. However, we found specific emission properties of this system ascribed to the spherical shape of silicon nanocrystals and their spatial separation. We attributed all observations to the spatial confinement of excitons within the crystalline core of the indirect band gap silicon nanocrystals.
ChemInform Abstract: The Transition Metal‐Catalyzed Intermolecular [5 + 2] Cycloaddition: The Homologous Diels—Alder Reaction. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Salt modulates vascular response in eNOS‐null mice through adenosine A2A receptor: role of CYP450 epoxygenase and soluble epoxide hydrolase (2010)

We analyzed the mechanism involved in relaxation in salt fed wild‐type and eNOS−/− mice. Using aortas from mice fed 4% (HS) or 0.45% NaCl (NS) diet for 4–5 wks, ACh and CRC for NECA and CGS 21680 were obtained with MS‐PPOH (epoxygenase blocker), AUDA (sEH blocker) and DDMS (CYP4A blocker). Relaxation to 10 −7 M ACh was greater in PE‐precontracted HS (+59.3±6.3%) compared to NS (+33.3±8.0%) eNOS+/+ aorta, whereas there were no response in HS (0.8±0.1%) and NS (1.5±0.3%) eNOS−/− mice. Relaxation to 10 −6 M NECA was greater in HS eNOS−/− (+37.4 ± 3.2%) than in NS eNOS−/− (+7.4.0 ± 3.8%), Also, the relaxation were different in HS eNOS+/+ (30.4±2.4) and NS eNOS+/+ (+3.1 ± 1.3%) mice. Relaxation to 10 −6 M CGS 21680 was greater in HS eNOS−/− (+45.4 ± 5.2%) than in NS eNOS−/− (+5.1 ± 5.0%). In HS eNOS−/−, the CGS 21680 response was reduced by MS‐PPOH (to +7.3 ± 3.2%; p&lt;0.05), while no change was observed in NS eNOS−/−. In NS eNOS−/−, the CGS 21680 response was increased by AUDA (to +38.2± 3.3%) and DDMS (to +30.1 ± 4.1%; p&lt;0.05). Compared to NS, HS showed increased CYP2J2 in both eNOS+/+ (35%; p&lt;0.05) and eNOS−/− (61%; p&lt;0.05) vessels, but decreased sEH in both eNOS+/+ (74%) and eNOS−/− (40%) vessels. Similarly, decreased CYP4A in HS both eNOS+/+ (35%; p&lt;0.05) and eNOS−/− (34%). These data suggest that NS reduces vasodilation in eNOS+/+ and eNOS−/− mice via increased in sEH and CYP4A. However, in HS, activation of A 2A AR triggers relaxation through CYP2J2.
Risk factors for chronic rhinosinusitis (2014)

CRS has a broad spectrum of associations ranging from genetics to comorbid diseases and environmental factors. These predisposing factors may provide valuable information for possible designing of therapeutic and preventive interventions. However, to better understand whether these associations cause CRS, further studies are needed to independently replicate findings, establish temporal relationships between exposure and disease onset, evaluate the influence of exposure dose on disease severity, and to understand the biological effects of these risk factors in the context of CRS.
Evaluation of frequency offset and Doppler effect in terrestrial RF and in underwater acoustic OFDM systems (2008)

Frequency offset and Doppler effect cause loss of orthogonality in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), which in turn may severely degrade receiver performance. Traditionally, most of the literature dealt with non-varying Doppler effect over OFDM subcarriers. However, in terrestrial ultra-wideband (UWB) OFDM radio frequency (RF) and in high data rate underwater acoustic communication (UAC), the effect of Doppler varies considerably over OFDM band. This paper will investigate the frequency offset and the varying effect of Doppler through analysis and simulation in both domains in order to maintain orthogonality or to compensate loss of orthogonality. To the best knowledge of the authors, this type of detailed analysis is not present in these domains, and thus this paper provides a valuable contribution.
Factors influencing hematologic toxicity of radioimmunotherapy with 131I‐labeled anti‐carcinoembryonic antigen antibodies (1997)

BACKGROUND Several investigators have reported a considerable variability in the observed hematologic toxicity after radioimmunotherapy (RAIT) with monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) given at similar amounts of radioactivity based on body surface area and/or similar radiation absorbed doses given to the red marrow. The authors investigated various factors potentially affecting hematologic toxicity after RAIT with 131I-labeled anti-carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) MoAb to identify the statistically significant factors from those commonly perceived clinically to substantially contribute to this toxicity. METHODS Ninety-nine patients who received 131I-labeled anti-CEA MoAb for the treatment of CEA-producing cancers were assessed for platelet and white blood cell toxicity based on the common Radiation Therapy Oncology Group criteria. Multivariate regression analysis was used to identify the statistically significant factors affecting toxicity among the following variables: red marrow dose, baseline platelet and white blood cell counts, bone and/or marrow metastases, prior chemotherapy or radiotherapy, timing of prior chemotherapy or radiotherapy in relationship to RAIT, type and number of prior chemotherapeutic regimens, age, sex, antibody form, and cancer type. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Red marrow dose, baseline platelet or white blood cell counts, multiple bone and/or marrow metastases, and chemotherapy 3-6 months before RAIT were the only four significant factors affecting hematologic toxicity according to multivariate analysis. The identification of bone and/or marrow metastases and recent chemotherapy as significant factors for hematologic toxicity could be important in the design of future clinical trials. Cancer 1997; 80:2749-53. © 1997 American Cancer Society.
Pulmonary Dysfunction in Patients with Femoral Shaft Fracture Treated with Intramedullary Nailing (2001)

According to our data, intramedullary nailing of femoral shaft fractures did not significantly increase alveolar dead space, and the amount of alveolar dead space can predict which patients will have pulmonary dysfunction postoperatively.
ChemInform Abstract: Inhibitors of Acyl‐COA:Cholesterol Acyltransferase (ACAT). Part 15. Sulfonylurea Inhibitors with Excellent Hypocholesterolemic Activity in vivo. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
P1742Assessment of quality of life and ICD shock-related anxiety in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillator: the PainFree SST study (2017)

event. The LVEF was recovered in about a quarter of pts. In this population, the ICD implantation between the 40th day and 3 months after acute event would not have been effective in reducing of the mortality. P1740
Enhanced Operational Stability of the Up‐Conversion Fluorescence in Films of Palladium–Porphyrin End‐Capped Poly(pentaphenylene) (2005)

Up-conversion photoluminescence in a blue-emitting polymer doped with porphyrin macrocycles has been investigated and the component distribution of this system has been optimised. Covalent binding of the porphyrins to the polymer was implemented to decrease the separation of the dopant and matrix molecules, as well as dopant aggregation. The result is an up-conversion process with highly enhanced efficiency and operational stability (see picture; I=intensity).
Neurite growth in 3D collagen gels with gradients of mechanical properties (2008)

We have designed and developed a microfluidic system to study the response of cells to controlled gradients of mechanical stiffness in 3D collagen gels. An 'H'-shaped, source-sink network was filled with a type I collagen solution, which self-assembled into a fibrillar gel. A 1D gradient of genipin--a natural crosslinker that also causes collagen to fluoresce upon crosslinking--was generated in the cross-channel through the 3D collagen gel to create a gradient of crosslinks and stiffness. The gradient of stiffness was observed via fluorescence. A separate, underlying channel in the microfluidic construct allowed the introduction of cells into the gradient. Neurites from chick dorsal root ganglia explants grew significantly longer down the gradient of stiffness than up the gradient and than in control gels not treated with genipin. No changes in cell adhesion, collagen fiber size, or density were observed following crosslinking with genipin, indicating that the primary effect of genipin was on the mechanical properties of the gel. These results demonstrate that (1) the microfluidic system can be used to study durotactic behavior of cells and (2) neurite growth can be directed and enhanced by a gradient of mechanical properties, with the goal of incorporating mechanical gradients into nerve and spinal cord regenerative therapies.
Percolation in Borosilicate Glass Matrix Composites Containing Antimony‐Doped Tin Oxide Segregated Networks. Part I: Fabrication of Segregated Networks (2013)

The percolation threshold in a composite depends on the processing conditions used to fabricate it along with the size and shape of the filler and the matrix. In this study, borosilicate glass microspheres were used as the matrix material, and nanosized antimony tin oxide ( ATO ) particles were used as the filler. The glass microsphere/ ATO composites were fabricated by hot pressing at temperatures in the range between the glass transition temperature and the softening temperature of the glass to control the viscosity. The pressure and temperature applied allowed the ATO to be confined to the spaces between certain glass particles, forming percolating networks at low volume fractions of the ATO . The viscous flow of the glass allowed for the composite to have near full densities, while allowing for the nanoparticle segregation to occur. Even though apparently similar microstructures were made using different heating schedules, the percolation behavior and electrical conductivity showed noticeable differences. The percolation threshold ranged from 0.1 to 2.5 phr (parts per hundred glass) and the change in electrical conductivity was around seven to nine orders of magnitude. The differences were attributed to the interaction of the segregated ATO particles with one another. The electrical properties were examined using ac impedance spectroscopy along with current atomic force microscopy (C‐AFM), which allowed for valuable insights in the structure–property–processing relationships in these materials.