gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Renal blood flow in sepsis: a complex issue. (2005)

The clinical complexity of sepsis and the regional variability in renal blood flow present a difficult challenge for the clinician or investigator in understanding the role and clinical importance of reduced blood flow in the pathophysiology of sepsis-induced acute renal failure. Understanding the role of regional microvasculature flow and interactions between endothelium and white blood cells in the local delivery of oxygen and substrates is of critical importance. Therefore, measuring total renal blood flow may not permit an adequate understanding of the role of altered hemodynamics in septic patients who develop acute renal failure.
Parallel Algorithms for the Summed Area Table on the Asynchronous Hierarchical Memory Machine, with GPU implementations (2014)

The Hierarchical Memory Machine (HMM) is a theoretical parallel computing model that captures the essence of computing on CUDA-enabled GPUs. The summed area table (SAT) of a matrix is a data structure frequently used in the area of computer vision which can be obtained by computing the column-wise prefix-sums and then the row-wise prefix-sums. The main contribution of this paper is to introduce the asynchronous Hierarchical Memory Machine (asynchronous HMM), which supports asynchronous execution of CUDA blocks, and show a global-memory-access-optimal parallel algorithm for computing the SAT on the asynchronous HMM. A straightforward algorithm (2R2W SAT algorithm) on the asynchronous HMM, which computes the prefix-sums in every column using one thread each and then computes the prefix-sums in every row, performs 2 read operations and 2 write operations per element of a matrix. The previously published best algorithm (2R1W SAT algorithm) performs 2 read operations and 1 write operation per element. We present a more efficient algorithm (1R1W SAT algorithm) which performs 1 read operation and 1 write operation per element. Clearly, since every element in a matrix must be read at least once, and all resulting values must be written, our 1R1W SAT algorithm is optimal in terms of the global memory access. We also show a combined algorithm ((1 + r)R1W SAT algorithm) of 2R1W and 1R1W SAT algorithms that may have better performance. We have implemented several algorithms including 2R2W, 2R1W, 1R1W, (1 + r)R1W SAT algorithms on GeForce GTX 780 Ti. The experimental results show that our (1 + r)R1W SAT algorithm runs faster than any other SAT algorithms for large input matrices. Also, it runs more than 100 times faster than the best SAT algorithm using a single CPU.
Enhanced Thermoelectric Performance of Conjugated Polymer/CNT Nanocomposites by Modulating the Potential Barrier Difference between Conjugated Polymer and CNT (2019)

Small-bundled single-walled carbon nanotube (SSWCNT) nanocomposite films with two different conjugated polymers were facilely prepared by using a micronizing mill. The influence of the difference in the electronic structures and molecular orientations of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and poly(diketopyrrolopyrrole–selenophene) (PDPPSe) on the thermoelectric properties of polymer/SSWCNT nanocomposites was systematically investigated. Planar-shaped PDPPSe with stronger π–π interaction, compared to that in P3HT, naturally forms a dense surface microstructure with SSWCNT by easily wrapping the SSWCNT surface. Furthermore, the inherent crystalline orientation of PDPPSe effectively enhances the electrical conductivity of the SSWCNT nanocomposite film by inducing the alignment of SSWCNT bundles in an in-plane direction. In the electronic structure of the composite, PDPPSe lowers the interfacial energy barrier between the polymer and SSWCNT to induce the carrier-filtering effect, which can facilitate charge transport from the polymer to SSWCNT. The PDPPSe/SSWCNT nanocomposite exhibits a considerably increased electrical conductivity of 537.7 S cm–1 and a higher Seebeck coefficient of 62.5 μV K–1 compared to those of the P3HT/SSWCNT nanocomposite. The optimized power factor of the PDPPSe/SSWCNT nanocomposite is 210 μW m–1 K–2, which is about 10 times higher than that of the P3HT/SSWCNT nanocomposite. The thermoelectric generator fabricated from PDPPSe/SSWCNT displays a high open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 8.5 mV and short-circuit current (Isc) of 162.8 μA, resulting in a maximum output power of 0.35 μW at ΔT = 10 °C.
Video Handover for Retrieval in a Ubiquitous Environment Using Floor Sensor Data (2005)

A system for retrieving video captured in a ubiquitous environment is presented. Data from pressure-based floor sensors are obtained as a supplementary input together with video from multiple stationary cameras. Unsupervised data mining techniques are used to reduce noise present in floor sensor data. An algorithm based on agglomerative hierarchical clustering is used to segment footpaths of individual persons. Video handover is proposed and two methods are implemented to retrieve video and key frame sequences showing a person moving in the house. Users can query the system based on time and retrieve video or key frames using either of the handover techniques. We compare the results of retrieval using different techniques subjectively. We conclude with suggestions for improvements, and future directions.
Development of a novel castration‐resistant orthotopic prostate cancer model in New Zealand White rabbit (2022)

We have established, for the first time, an orthotopic PCa rabbit model via percutaneous US-guided tumor cell inoculation. This animal model is an attractive, clinically relevant intermediate step to assess preclinical diagnostic and therapeutic compounds.
Tissue Clearing as a Mechanism to Identify Changes in Fibronectin Structure During Breast Cancer Metastasis (2018)

With metastasis accounting for approximately 90% of breast cancer deaths and an alarming number of over 300,000 new breast cancer cases to be diagnosed by the end of 2018, there is growing need to understand the process of breast cancer. Changes in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the tumor microenvironment play an essential role in this deadly tumor progression. Specifically, the glycoprotein fibronectin (FN), has been identified to be up-regulated in patients with worse clinical outcomes. During tumor progression fibronectin undergoes conformational changes that aid in metastatic dissemination. In order to analyze the dynamic changes in FN expression and evaluate architectural changes within the metastatic niche, electrophoretic tissue clearing was used to image changes in whole murine lungs that have undergone breast cancer metastasis. The X-CLARITY tissue clearing system utilizes electrophoresis which removes the lipid compounds from tissues to make them optically transparent. Coupling this with the c-PRESTO immuno-labelling technique and confocal light microscopy allows imaging of FN expression and structure in whole murine organs. In this study, a tissue clearing, and staining protocol was developed and used to visualize the 3D FN structure in whole murine lungs. Future studies will evaluate changes in FN expression and structure over time during cancer progression. This would contribute to on-going research on the development of more effective breast cancer drugs that aim to combat metastasis.
A Noncrystallization Approach toward Uniform Thylakoids-like 2D “Nano-coins” and Their Grana-like 3D Suprastructures (2017)

Two-dimensional (2D) circular shape nanostructures (e.g., "nano-coins") are ubiquitously present in thylakoids and grana within chloroplasts of plant cells in nature. The design and fabrication of 2D nano-coins with controlled sizes and thicknesses yet remain challenging tasks. Herein, we present a noncrystallization approach to achieve 2D nano-coins from assemblies of a set of zwitterionic giant surfactants. Distinguished from traditional crystallization approaches where the 2D nanostructures with specific crystallographic symmetries are fabricated, the noncrystallization assembly of giant surfactants results in 2D nano-coins that are derived from the separation of assembled 3D multiple lamellar cylindrical colloids with uniform diameters. The diameters and thicknesses of these nano-coins can be readily tailored by varying the molecular length of giant surfactants' tails. The formation of 2D nano-coins or 3D cylindrical colloid suprastructures is controlled by tuning the pH value of added selective solvents. This new strategy opens a door for controlling the shape, size, and size distribution of assembled nanostructures with different hierarchies.
Enantioselective Synthesis of α‐Aminosilanes by Copper‐Catalyzed Hydroamination of Vinylsilanes (2014)

The synthesis of α-aminosilanes by a highly enantio- and regioselective copper-catalyzed hydroamination of vinylsilanes is reported. The system employs Cu-DTBM-SEGPHOS as the catalyst, diethoxymethylsilane as the stoichiometric reductant, and O-benzoylhydroxylamines as the electrophilic nitrogen source. This hydroamination reaction is compatible with differentially substituted vinylsilanes, thus providing access to amino acid mimics and other valuable chiral organosilicon compounds.
Intrarenal B cells integrate in situ innate and adaptive immunity in human renal allograft rejection (2020)

Abstract In human allograft rejection, intrarenal B cell infiltrates identify those with a poor prognosis. However, how intrarenal B cells contribute to rejection is not known. Single cell RNA-sequencing of intrarenal class-switched B cells revealed a unique innate cell transcriptional state resembling murine peritoneal B1 cells (Bin cells). Comparison to the transcriptome of whole renal allograft rejecting tissue revealed that Bin cells existed within a complex autocrine and paracrine network of signaling axes. The immunoglobulins expressed by Bin cells did not bind donor specific antigens nor were they enriched for reactivity to ubiquitously expressed self-antigens. Rather, Bin cells frequently expressed antibodies reactive with renal expressed antigens. Furthermore, local antigens could drive Bin cell proliferation and differentiation into plasma cells expressing self-reactive antibodies. By contributing to local innate immune networks, and expressing antibodies reactive with renal expressed antigens, Bin cells are predicted to amplify local inflammation and tissue destruction.
Analysis and Pspice simulation of family of resonant power factor correction circuits (1994)

In this paper, we review the development of power factor correction circuits (PFCC) and present the requirements for PFCCs. A high power factor correction topology proposed with a single stage is analyzed and evaluated. The two outputs of the converter can be controlled independently using different control techniques. Because this power factor circuit handles only partial power delivered to the load and can operate at zero-voltage-switching (ZVS), it has relative high efficiency compared with conventional converters. It is shown that high power factor can be achieved even without active control based on the natural characteristics of resonant converter. The Pspice simulation results verified the theoretical approach.
Application of 100% ozone gas process to rapid low-temperature oxidation (2003)

A 100% ozone oxidation process has been applied for the first time to rapid low-temperature oxidation of silicon to fabricate device quality SiO/sub 2/ films. A new quartz cold wall-type furnace equipped with a halogen lamp heater was built for safe and efficient handling of 100% ozone gas supplied from a pure ozone generator which we have developed. The working pressure of the furnace was typically 900 Pa, which resulted in the growth of 4 nm SiO/sub 2/ film within 4 minutes at 400/spl deg/C. A very low excitation energy observed for the SiO/sub 2/ film growth indicates that the actual reaction species in the process are active oxygen radicals generated from the thermal decomposition of ozone molecules at the sample surface. The electrical properties of ozone-oxidized SiO/sub 2/ films were evaluated by measuring the C-V and I-V characteristics of the MIS structure with Al electrodes. The films fabricated at 400-600/spl deg/C with thickness of 5-11 nm all show properties matching the device quality, i.e. low interface state density (<5/spl times/10/sup 10/ cm/sup -2/eV/sup -1/) and high breakdown voltage (>13 MVcm/sup -1/).
<title>Unsupervised noise removal algorithms for 3-D confocal fluorescence microscopy</title> (1992)

Fast algorithms are presented for effective removal of the noise artifact in 3-D confocal fluorescence microscopy images of extended spatial objects such as neurons. The algorithms are unsupervised in the sense that they automatically estimate and adapt to the spatially and temporally varying noise level in the microscopy data. An important feature of the algorithms is the fact that a 3-D segmentation of the field emerges jointly with the intensity estimate. The role of the segmentation is to limit any smoothing to the interiors of regions and hence avoid the blurring that is associated with conventional noise removal algorithms. Fast computation is achieved by parallel computation methods, rather than by algorithmic or modelling compromises. The noise-removal proceeds iteratively, starting from a set of approximate user- supplied, or default initial guesses of the underlying random process parameters. An expectation maximization algorithm is used to obtain a more precise characterization of these parameters, that are then input to a hierarchical estimation algorithm. This algorithm computes a joint solution of the related problems corresponding to intensity estimation, segmentation, and boundary-surface estimation subject to a combination of stochastic priors and syntactic pattern constraints. Three-dimensional stereoscopic renderings of processed 3-D images of murine hippocampal neurons are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method. The processed images exhibit increased contrast and significant smoothing and reduction of the background intensity while avoiding any blurring of the neuronal structures.
Kinetics of Diesel Nanoparticle Oxidation (2003)

The technique of high-temperature oxidation tandem differential mobility analysis has been applied to the study of diesel nanoparticle oxidation. The oxidation rates in air of diesel nanoparticles sampled directly from the exhaust stream of a medium-duty diesel engine were measured over the temperature range of 800-1140 degrees C using online aerosol techniques. Three particle sizes (40, 90, and 130 nm mobility diameter) generated under engine load conditions of 10, 50, and 75% were investigated. The results show significant differences in the behavior of the 10% load particles as compared to the 50 and 75% load particles. The 10% load particles show greater size decrease at temperatures below 500 degrees C and significant size decrease at temperatures between 500 and 1000 degrees C in a non-oxidative environment, indicating release of adsorbed volatile material or thermally induced rearrangement of the agglomerate structure. Activation energies determined are 114, 109, and 108 kJ mol(-1) for the 10, 50, and 75% load particles, respectively. These activation energies are lower than for flame soot (Higgins et al. J. Phys. Chem. A 2002, 106, 96), but the preexponential factors are lower by 3 orders of magnitude, and the overall oxidation rates are slower by up to a factor of 4 over the temperature range studied. Possible reasons for the differences are discussed in the text.
Molecular predictors of response among patients with MMRd tumors treated on NCI-MATCH Arm Z1D. (2022)

2616 Background: On arm Z1D of the NCI-MATCH trial, the PD-1 inhibitor nivolumab was found to have activity among patients with mismatch repair-deficient (MMRd) tumors as defined by complete loss of MLH1 or MSH2 nuclear expression determined by immunohistochemistry, with 6-month progression free survival of 51%. We aimed to identify molecular predictors of response in this population. Methods: Among patients treated on NCI-MATCH Z1D, we evaluated genomic and tissue predictors of clinical benefit (CB), defined as patients with RECIST v1.1 complete or partial response or stable disease for ≥ 6months. WES files were processed and filtered using GATK best practices preceding TMB and MSI calculations according to MSI sensor score, a WES-based MSI rating system. Cutoffs were set to define TMB (TMB-Low: ≤10 mutation/Mb; TMB-High: &gt;10) and MSI (MSS: ≤10% unstable loci; MSI-Low: 10 &gt; x ≤ 20; MSI-High: &gt;20). Multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF) used formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded slides stained using a BOND RX automated stainer. Expression analyses followed normalization in DEseq2's median of ratios method. Gene set enrichment analysis was conducted by “empirical phenotype-based permutation test.” Additional RNA, WES, and mIF comparisons used the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Results: Among 36 patients accrued to NCI-MATCH Z1D with pretreatment correlative samples available, 7 were unevaluable for response, and 1 was misclassified as having an MMRd tumor. Of the remaining 28, 15 had CB (2 CR, 10 PR, 3 SD ≤ 6 months) and correlative data were available for 26 (WES), 27 (RNAseq), and between 10-20 for mIF based on the marker assessed. According to MSI-sensor score, 11 were MSI-high, 8 were MSI-low, and 7 were MSS. MSI-sensor status, but not TMB was associated with CB (p=0.037 and p=0.185, respectively). Similar results were seen when using CR+PR vs SD+PD evaluation. Using RNAseq gene set enrichment analyses, CB patients had increased expression of interferon alpha (p=0.01), interferon gamma (p=0.03), PI3K-AKT-mTOR (p=0.02), cytotoxicity (p=0.05) and antigen processing (p=0.01) gene sets, while hedgehog signaling genes were increased in non-CB patients (p=0.04). The ESTIMATE immune index and infiltration of CD4+/PD1+/Ki67+ cell populations as determined by mIF were nominally higher in patients with CB (p=0.051 and p=0.075). Conclusions: Among patients with MMRd tumors treated with PD-1 checkpoint blockade, correlative analyses demonstrate associations between CB and MSI-sensor score as well as biomarkers indicative of immune infiltration and antigen presentation. This suggests that these measures may help differentiate patient response in MSI tumors. Clinical trial information: NCT02465060.
Tweeting about the tsunami? (2012)

On 11th March 2011, a 9.0-magnitude megathrust earthquake occurred in the ocean near Japan. This was the first large-scale natural disaster in Japan since the broad adoption of social media tools (such as Facebook and Twitter). In particular, Twitter is suitable for broadcasting information, naturally making it the most frequently used social medias when disasters strike. This paper presents a topical analysis using text mining tools and shows the tools' effectiveness for the analysis of social media data analysis after a disaster. Though an ad hoc system without prepared resources was useful, an improved system with some syntactic pattern dictionaries showed better results.
Detection of hepatitis A virus by extraction of viral RNA and molecular hybridization (1987)

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) RNA was extracted from cell culture, serum, liver, and feces and then detected by molecular hybridization with cloned HAV cDNA. Hybridization was approximately 10-fold more sensitive than immune electron microscopy or radioimmunoassay was and less sensitive than was assays of HAV infectivity in primates or in cell culture. As little as 10(3) 50% infective doses of HAV, or approximately 0.1 pg of viral RNA, was detected by this method. Analysis of fecal specimens from an experimentally infected marmoset and an epidemic of hepatitis A showed that HAV excretion could often be detected later in the illness by hybridization than by radioimmunoassay. This technique should be widely applicable for detection and analysis of HAV RNA.
Successive interference cancellation techniques for LTE downlink (2011)

Successive interference cancellation (SIC) is a well-known technique for mitigating interference. For multiple-layer reception, hard-decision SIC with perfect per-layer rate control has been proven to be a capacity-achieving scheme. In practice, however, due to imperfect rate control and signaling constraints, there is a potential for certain variants of SIC techniques to achieve better performance than the conventional hard-decision SIC approach. In this paper, the benefits of various SIC techniques are studied. We show that a soft SIC scheme that passes information iteratively between equalizer, demodulator, and decoder enhances MIMO reception in downlink LTE.
A comparison of multirate digital compensators for a battery charger (2002)

In a regulation application, a power supply is typically tasked with maintaining a fixed voltage or current in the face of possible disturbances. In a tracking application, on the other hand, a controller works to cause an average output voltage or current to follow a desired reference waveform as a function of time or some other variable. This paper describes a large-signal linear, multirate digital controller for, among other possible applications, charging electric vehicle batteries. This controller permits the charger to track and deliver a desired current trajectory for a wide range of loads while providing a unity-power factor interface to the electric utility.
Intracellular Development and Mechanism of Hemadsorption of a Human Coronavirus, OC43 (1972)

SummaryThe human respiratory corona-virus OC43, grown in WI38 cells matures in cytoplasmic vesicles, and its development resembles that of coronavirus 229E. However, we did not observe budding of OC43 virus into the vesicles, although this is a characteristic feature of the morphogenesis of 229E virus. In OC43-infected cells, progeny virus accumulate on the outside surface of the cell in sufficient quantity to bind rat red blood cells and give rise to a "pseudohemadsorption" reaction.
The pursuit of value co-creation: Engineering service applications to achieve customer satisfaction (2009)

Exceeding customers' expectations becomes the goal whenever service providers develop products or services based on the needs of their customers. From the perspective of service science, value co-creation or interactions between the service provider and the customer create a value proposition mutual to both service system entities. Utilizing the infrastructure of the interact-service-proposal-agreement-realized (ISPAR) model, we define a methodology for gauging value co-creation that emphasizes both interactivity and value proposition realization as critical factors. We conduct a comparative case study of the product development cycle of two service applications, strategic call management and custom call flow framework. Results indicate value co-creation is achieved when a high degree of interactivity is maintained throughout the product development cycle, resulting in a value proposition realization rate.
Systems and methods for reducing current and increasing voltage in thermoelectric systems (2023)

A thermoelectric assembly and method are provided. The thermoelectric assembly can extend at least partially around a perimeter of a first fluid conduit. The thermoelectric assembly can include a plurality of thermoelectric sub-assemblies aligned with one another along the perimeter of the first fluid conduit. Each thermoelectric sub-assembly can include a plurality of thermoelectric elements in parallel electrical communication with one another, and at least one shunt a plurality of electrically insulating elements to prevent current flow in a plane perpendicular to the first direction between adjacent thermoelectric sub-assemblies.