gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Three-Dimensional Nanometer Features of Direct Current Electrical Trees in Low-Density Polyethylene (2017)

Electrical trees are one reason for the breakdown of insulating materials in electrical power systems. An understanding of the growth of electrical trees plays a crucial role in the development of reliable high voltage direct current (HVDC) power grid systems with transmission voltages up to 1 MV. A section that contained an electrical tree in low-density polyethylene (LDPE) has been visualized in three dimensions (3D) with a resolution of 92 nm by X-ray ptychographic tomography. The 3D imaging revealed prechannel-formations with a lower density with the width of a couple of hundred nanometers formed around the main branch of the electrical tree. The prechannel structures were partially connected with the main tree via paths through material with a lower density, proving that the tree had grown in a step-by-step manner via the prestep structures formed in front of the main channels. All the prechannel structures had a size well below the limit of the Paschen law and were thus not formed by partial discharges. Instead, it is suggested that the prechannel structures were formed by electro-mechanical stress and impact ionization, where the former was confirmed by simulations to be a potential explanation with electro-mechanical stress tensors being almost of the same order of magnitude as the short-term modulus of low-density polyethylene.
Guiding vapor–liquid–solid nanowire growth using SiO2 (2009)

Vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) grown nanowires (NWs) typically grow in [Formula: see text] directions. In this work, using guiding structures, we effectively grow Si NWs with diameters between 20 and 100 nm in both [001] and <110> directions by guiding the Si NW growth using SiO(2) surfaces. Using one structure, we demonstrate NW growth in the substrate plane, against the buried oxide layer of a standard, (001) silicon-on-insulator wafer. Using the other structure, we demonstrate NW growth perpendicular to a (001) substrate. We show that the VLS growth mechanism is the same as unconstrained NW growth, with the NWs still growing by the addition of {111} planes. We show that when the guiding surface is removed, the NW grows in its natural growth direction because the growth mechanism has not changed. We speculate that NW growth can be guided with a range of materials, the most suitable being those that are amorphous and those which are nearly immiscible both with the catalyst and with the NW material.
Efficient temperature control of micro channel cooled diode laser bars (2003)

In this paper, investigations of temperature control of micro channel cooled high power diode lasers are presented. After introducing the behaviour of a complete liquid cooling system the results of PID and predictive control are compared. To support future system integration of temperature control an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) was developed.
STRUCTURAL ASPECTS OF THE RED CELL ANION EXCHANGE PROTEIN (1986)

The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
ALT-I pump limiter experiments (1987)

Results from the ALT-I pump limiter experiments in TEXTOR are presented. ALT-I has demonstrated control of the plasma density in a high recycling tokamak by pumping up to 15% of the core efflux. The closed pump limiter designs with restricted entrance geometries to reduce the backflow of neutral gas to the plasma remove over 50% of the ion flux incident on the collection slot. Up to 80% of the entrance ion flux is removed when the edge electron temperature is less than 10 eV and plasma-neutral gas interactions are minimized inside the limiter. Results from a 3-D Monte Carlo neutral gas transport code agree closely with these experimental results. The compound curvature of the head is found to distribute the heat over the surface as predicted in the original designs. Impurity removal experiments demonstrate that significant helium exhaust can be achieved with a pump limiter. During ohmic heating in TEXTOR, the energy and particle confinement times are proportional to the line averaged core density. With ICRH auxiliary heating, tau/sub E/ follow L-mode scaling independent of particle removal by the pump limiter. Pump limiter operation does not directly modify the SOL plasma density and electron temperature, but controls the core plasma density by changing the global recycling at the boundary. The global particle confinement, the particle flux to the limiter, and the edge electron temperature follow the changes in the core density and auxiliary heating power. 25 refs.
Histamine enhances interleukin (IL)-1-induced IL-1 gene expression and protein synthesis via H2 receptors in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Comparison with IL-1 receptor antagonist. (1993)

Histamine and IL-1 have been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases, such as pulmonary allergic reactions and rheumatoid arthritis. We therefore investigated whether histamine modulated the synthesis of IL-1 beta. Human PBMC were stimulated with IL-1 alpha (10 ng/ml) in the absence or presence of histamine (10(-9)-10(-4) M). Histamine alone did not induce protein synthesis or mRNA accumulation for IL-1 beta. IL-1 alpha-induced IL-1 beta synthesis was enhanced two to threefold by histamine concentrations from 10(-6)-10(-4) M. Cimetidine, an H2 receptor antagonist, reversed the histamine (10(-5) M)-mediated increase in IL-1 alpha-induced IL-1 beta synthesis. Diphenhydramine, an H1 receptor antagonist, had no effect. Indomethacin, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, significantly reduced IL-1 alpha-induced IL-1 beta synthesis, but had no effect on the histamine-mediated increase in IL-1 alpha-induced IL-1 beta synthesis. Histamine (10(-5) M) enhanced and sustained IL-1 beta mRNA levels in IL-1 alpha-stimulated PBMC. However, histamine reduced IL-1 beta mRNA half-life (2.4 vs 1.2 h), suggesting that histamine enhances IL-1 alpha-induced IL-1 beta synthesis at the level of transcriptional activation. On the other hand, histamine (10(-5) M) did not affect IL-1 alpha-induced synthesis of IL-1 receptor antagonist. These results suggest that mast cells may sustain chronic inflammatory processes by upregulating self-induction of IL-1 through histamine release.
Colorimetric Protein Sensing by Controlled Assembly of Gold Nanoparticles Functionalized with Synthetic Receptors (2009)

A novel strategy is described for the colorimetric sensing of proteins, based on polypeptide-functionalized gold nanoparticles. Recognition is accomplished using a polypeptide sensor scaffold designed to specifically bind to the model analyte, human carbonic anhydrase II (HCAII). The extent of particle aggregation, induced by the Zn(2+)-triggered dimerization and folding of a second polypeptide also present on the surface of the gold nanoparticle, gives a readily detectable colorimetric shift that is dependent on the concentration of the target protein. In the absence of HCAII, particle aggregation results in a major redshift of the plasmon peak, whereas analyte binding prevented the formation of dense aggregates, significantly reducing the magnitude of the redshift. The versatility of the technique is demonstrated using a second model system based on the recognition of a peptide sequence from the tobacco mosaic virus coat protein (TMVP) by a recombinant antibody fragment (Fab57P). Concentrations down to approximately 10 nM and approximately 25 nM are detected for HCAII and Fab57P, respectively. This strategy is proposed as a generic platform for robust and specific protein analysis that can be further developed to monitor a wide range of target proteins.
Parvimonas micra promotes colorectal tumorigenesis and is associated with prognosis of colorectal cancer patients (2022)

Large-scale fecal shotgun metagenomic sequencing revealed the high abundance of Parvimonas micra in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. We investigated the role and clinical significance of P. micra in colorectal tumorigenesis. The abundance of P. micra was examined in 309 fecal samples and 165 colon biopsy tissues of CRC patients and healthy subjects. P. micra was significantly enriched in fecal samples from 128 CRC patients compared to 181 healthy subjects (P < 0.0001); and in colon tissue biopsies from 52 CRC patients compared to 61 healthy subjects (P < 0.0001). Multivariate analysis showed that P. micra is an independent risk factor of poor survival in CRC patients (Hazard Ratio: 1.93). P. micra strain was isolated from feces of a CRC patient. Apc<sup>min/+</sup> mice gavaged with P. micra showed significantly higher tumor burden and tumor load (both P < 0.01). Consistently, gavage of P. micra significantly promoted colonocyte proliferation in conventional mice, which was further confirmed by germ-free mice. P. micra colonization up-regulated genes involved in cell proliferation, stemness, angiogenesis and invasiveness/metastasis; and enhanced Th17 cells infiltration and expression of Th17 cells-secreted cytokines (Il-17, Il-22, and Il-23) in the colon of Apc<sup>min/+</sup>, conventional and germ-free mice. P. micra-conditioned medium significantly promoted the differentiation of CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells to Th17 cells (IL-17<sup>+</sup>CD4<sup>+</sup> phenotype) and enhanced the oncogenic Wnt signaling pathway. In conclusion, P. micra promoted colorectal tumorigenesis in mice by inducing colonocyte proliferation and altering Th17 immune response. P. micra may act as a prognostic biomarker for poor survival of CRC patients.
Biocompatibility and safety evaluation of a ricinoleic acid‐based poly(ester‐anhydride) copolymer after implantation in rats (2009)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and tissue compatibility of an injectable biodegradable poly(ester-anhydride) copolymer of ricinoleic acid (RA) and sebacic acid (SA) in rats. The absorbable biomaterial containing 70% w/w of RA and 30% w/w of SA [P(SA-RA) 3:7] was implanted in rats in two separate studies: (1) at high doses subcutaneously (SC) and intramuscularly (IM) simultaneously into the same animal and (2) intracranially (IC). The safety was established in the high-dose administration experiment. No systemic tissue damage, polymer-related lesions, or abnormalities could be detected in the animals. The histopathological evaluation of the SC and IM P(SA-RA) 3:7 implanted sites suggested a typical foreign body reaction (FBR) to biomaterials, and was characterized by excellent tissue repair and good tissue tolerance. In the second experiment, no neurological deficits or behavior changes suggestive of systemic or localized toxicity were observed in the animals implanted IC with the polymer. Only minimal, well-demarcated inflammatory response was observed on days 14 and 21 and consisted of glia cells. No abnormalities were noted in the brain tissue parenchyma located further from the edges of the implant. These results demonstrated that the P(SA-RA) 3:7 copolymer was tolerated well by the animals and compatible with rat subcutaneous, muscle and brain tissues. The biodegradable polymeric system described here could be used as a scaffold for varied applications in localized and sustained delivery of therapeutic agents.
The Effect of Noise Correlation in Amplify-and-Forward Relay Networks (2009)

In wireless relay networks, noise at the relays can be correlated possibly due to common interference or noise propagation from preceding hops. A parallel relay network with noise correlation is considered in this network. For the relay strategy of amplify and forward (AF), the optimal rate maximizing relay gains when correlation knowledge is available at the relays are determined. Interestingly, it is shown that, on average, noise correlation is beneficial regardless of whether the relays know the noise covariance matrix. However, the knowledge of correlation can greatly improve the performance. Typically, the performance improvement from correlation knowledge increases with the relay power and the number of relays. With perfect correlation knowledge the system is capable of canceling interference if the number of interferers is less than the number of relays. For a two-hop multiple-access parallel network, closed-form expressions for the maximum sum rate and the optimal relay strategy are determined. Relay optimization for networks with three hops is also considered. Based on the result of two-hop network with noise correlation, an iterative algorithm is proposed for solving the relay optimization problem for three-hop networks.
17O‐ Labeling Studies on Molecular Rearrangements (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Quasi In situ EBSD investigation of static recrystallization in 304L stainless steel at elevated temperature (2011)

The microstructural evolution of deformed 304L stainless steel during static recrystallization and grain growth was characterized by EBSD within an SEM chamber, which enabled microstructural and crystallographic information to be determined. The experimental procedures are discussed. The sample was heated at constant temperature for a short time (a few seconds), followed by an intermediate cooling in order to perform scans. This cycle was repeated on the same sample to capture a slowly recrystallizing microstructure. The important aspects in static recrystallization process including nuclei location, nucleation rate and grain growth are all discussed. Special attention is paid on grain boundary migration velocity at high temperature up to 1000Â°C by investigation of the character of slow and fast moving interfaces.
Ultrafast keV X-rays from Tabletop Femtosecond Lasers (2012)

X-rays show elemental and chemical specificity by using characteristic elemental X-ray absorption edges. These advantages spurred development of large-scale X-ray free-electron lasers based on accelerator physics, as well as high harmonic generation (HHG) driven by tabletop femtosecond lasers.
Conformational selectivity in molecular recognition: the influence of artificial receptors on the cis-trans isomerization of acylprolines (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConformational selectivity in molecular recognition: the influence of artificial receptors on the cis-trans isomerization of acylprolinesCristina Vicent, Simon C. Hirst, Fernando Garcia-Tellado, and Andrew D. HamiltonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 14, 5466–5467Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1991https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00014a055RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views140Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (876 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Extracellular MRP8/14 is a regulator of β2 integrin-dependent neutrophil slow rolling and adhesion (2015)

Myeloid-related proteins (MRPs) 8 and 14 are cytosolic proteins secreted from myeloid cells as proinflammatory mediators. Currently, the functional role of circulating extracellular MRP8/14 is unclear. Our present study identifies extracellular MRP8/14 as an autocrine player in the leukocyte adhesion cascade. We show that E-selectin-PSGL-1 interaction during neutrophil rolling triggers Mrp8/14 secretion. Released MRP8/14 in turn activates a TLR4-mediated, Rap1-GTPase-dependent pathway of rapid β2 integrin activation in neutrophils. This extracellular activation loop reduces leukocyte rolling velocity and stimulates adhesion. Thus, we identify Mrp8/14 and TLR4 as important modulators of the leukocyte recruitment cascade during inflammation in vivo.
Methods for monitoring canine prostate size: Internal and external caliper measurements (1985)

A method has been developed that allows the generation of a three-dimensional representation of the canine prostate from a pair of orthogonal radiographs. This information can be used to externally measure the length, width, and height of the prostate and from these results to calculate prostate weight. This externally estimated prostate weight is correlated closely (r = 0.90) with the actual prostate weight. The ability to generate an external caliper measurement of prostate weight will facilitate future studies of the effect of aging and hormonal manipulation on the canine prostate.
Image-Based Literal Node Matching for Linked Data Integration (2014)

This paper proposes a method of identifying and aggregating literal nodes that have the same meaning in Linked Open Data (LOD) in order to facilitate cross-domain search. LOD has a graph structure in which most nodes are represented by Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs), and thus LOD sets are connected and searched through different domains.However, 5% of the values are literal values (strings without URI) even in a de facto hub of LOD, DBpedia. In SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language (SPARQL) queries, we need to rely on regular expression to match and trace the literal nodes. Therefore, we propose a novel method, in which part of the LOD graph structure is regarded as a block image, and then the matching is calculated by image features of LOD. In experiments, we created about 30,000 literal pairs from a Japanese music category of DBpedia Japanese and Freebase, and confirmed that the proposed method determines literal identity with F-measure of 76.1-85.0%.
Japanese and North American Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative studies: Harmonization for international trials (2018)

These results support the feasibility of bridging of clinical trials in the prodromal stage of AD between Asia and western countries.
Single-shot measurements of the acoustic field of an electrohydraulic lithotripter using a hydrophone array (2013)

Piezopolymer-based hydrophone arrays consisting of 20 elements were fabricated and tested for use in measuring the acoustic field from a shock-wave lithotripter. The arrays were fabricated from piezopolymer films and were mounted in a housing to allow submersion into water. The motivation was to use the array to determine how the shot-to-shot variability of the spark discharge in an electrohydraulic lithotripter affects the resulting focused acoustic field. It was found that the dominant effect of shot-to-shot variability was to laterally shift the location of the focus by up to 5 mm from the nominal acoustic axis of the lithotripter. The effect was more pronounced when the spark discharge was initiated with higher voltages. The lateral beamwidth of individual, instantaneous shock waves were observed to range from 1.5 mm to 24 mm. Due to the spatial variation of the acoustic field, the average of instantaneous beamwidths were observed to be 1 to 2 mm narrower than beamwidths determined from traditional single-point measurements that average the pressure measured at each location before computing beamwidth.
Preparation of c-Axis Oriented Pb(Zr, Ti)O3 Thin Films by RF-Magnetron Sputtering and their Dielectric and Piezoelectric Properties (1997)

The c -axis oriented Pb(Zr, Ti)O 3 (PZT) thin films, which have a tetragonal structure and a composition near the morphotropic phase boundary, have been obtained on (100)MgO substrates with (100)Pt electrodes by rf-magnetron sputtering. These PZT thin films have a remarkably low relative dielectric constant of 240. The intrinsic piezoelectric and mechanical properties of the thin films were evaluated. The velocity of sound and the mechanical compliance s 11 E were measured by the piezoelectric resonance of the cantilever. The piezoelectric coefficient d 31 was measured directly from the transverse expansion of the cantilever beams. Even without a poling treatment, d 31 of the PZT thin films was -100 pC/N and almost the same as that of bulk ceramics. The extremely large piezoelectric coefficient g 31 of -57×10 -3 Vm/N was also estimated because of the large d 31 and remarkably low dielectric constant. These PZT thin films are suitable for micro sensor and actuator applications.
Performance of hamming codes in systems employing different code symbol energies (2005)

In this paper, we describe a generalized scheme to analyze the bit error probability of Hamming codes when the code symbols have different symbol energies. The method of analysis is general, and could be used to analyze other block code schemes. We illustrate the effectiveness of our method with application to a spectrally-shaped multicarrier direct-sequence spread spectrum system.
Primary Folding of Aspartylglucosaminidase (1996)

Aspartylglucosaminidase (AGA) is a lysosomal enzyme involved in the degradation of N-linked glycoproteins in lysosomes. AGA is synthesized as an inactive precursor molecule, which is rapidly activated in the endoplasmic reticulum by a proteolytic cleavage into alpha- and beta-subunits. We have recently determined the three-dimensional structure of AGA and shown that it is a globular molecule with a heterotetrameric (alphabeta)2 structure. On the basis of structural and functional analyses, AGA seems to be the first mammalian protein belonging to a newly described protein family, the N-terminal nucleophile hydrolases. Because the activation of the prokaryotic members of the N-terminal nucleophile hydrolase family seems to be triggered by the assembly of the subunits, we have studied the initial folding and oligomerization of AGA and provide evidence that dimerization of two precursor molecules in the endoplasmic reticulum is a prerequisite for the activation of AGA. To gain further information on the structural determinants influencing the early folding of AGA, we used site-specific mutagenesis of cysteine residues to define the role of intrachain disulfide bridges in the folding and activation of the enzyme. The N-terminal disulfide bridges in both the alpha- and beta-subunits seem to have only a stabilizing role, whereas the C-terminal disulfide bridge in both subunits evidently plays an important role in the early folding and activation of AGA.
Comparative Evaluation of Capsular Polysaccharide-Specific IgM and IgG Antibodies and F(ab′)2 and Fab Fragments as Delivery Vehicles for Radioimmunotherapy of Fungal Infection (2007)

Comparative evaluation of IgG and IgM and of F(ab')2 and Fab fragments as potential delivery vehicles for radioimmunotherapy of cryptococcal infection strongly suggests that affinity for the target antigen is an important prerequisite for successful targeting of infection in vivo and that in vitro affinity measurements may predict the in vivo efficacy of candidate monoclonal antibodies.
ChemInform Abstract: From Inactive Nortopsentin D, a Novel Bis(indole) Alkaloid Isolated from the Axinellid Sponge Dragmacidon sp. from Deep Waters South of New Caledonia, to a Strongly Cytotoxic Derivative. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.