gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Overtone mobility spectrometry: Part 1. Experimental observations (2008)

A new method that allows a linear drift tube to be operated as a continuous ion mobility filter is described. Unlike conventional ion mobility instruments that use an electrostatic gate to introduce a packet of ions into a drift region, the present approach uses multiple segmented drift regions with modulated drift fields to produce conditions that allow only ions with appropriate mobilities to pass through the instrument. In this way, the instrument acts as a mobility filter for continuous ion sources. By changing the frequency of the applied drift fields it is possible to tune this instrument to transmit ions having different mobilities. A scan over a wide range of drift field frequencies for a single ion species shows a peak corresponding to the expected resonance time of the ions in one drift region segment and a series of peaks at higher frequencies that are overtones of the resonant frequency. The measured resolving power increases for higher overtones, making it possible to resolve structures that were unresolved in the region of the fundamental frequency. We demonstrate the approach by examining oligosaccharide isomers, raffinose and melezitose as well as a mixture of peptides obtained from enzymatic digestion of myoglobin.
Crystallization of Low Temperature Fired Glass/Ceramic Composite (1987)

The crystallization of glass/ceramic composite was examined, using borosilicate glass and several kinds of ceramic powders. Most composite systems consisted of borosilicate glass and ceramics formed cristobalite during firing, whereas those specimens that include alumina or aluminum nitride did not form any crystal.The addition of alumina or a aluminum nitride powder is effective means of preventing the formation of cristobalite. The reason for this may be related to aluminum ions.
Effect of L-carnitine on postischemic inhibition of protein synthesis in the rat brain (2009)

The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of carnitine administration on protein synthesis recovery after transient cerebral ischemia. Rats received L-carnitine in two doses of 16 mmol/kg i.p. 15 min before ischemia and just on the onset of reperfusion. Transient forebrain ischemia was induced by 4-vessel occlusion for 15 min, followed by 30 min or 7 days of reperfusion. Protein synthesis rate, reinitiation ability and neurodegeneration in the frontal cortex and hippocampus were measured by the incorporation of radioactively labelled leucine into polypeptide chains in postmitochondrial supernatants and by Fluoro-Jade B staining. A protective effect was observed, on protein synthesis as well as the number of surviving neurons, in the L-carnitine-treated groups. Our results indicate that L-carnitine can exert a protective effect in the development of reperfusion-induced injury. L-carnitine significantly reduced the ischemia/reperfusion-induced inhibition of translation and neurodegeneration in the neocortex as well as in the highly sensitive hippocampus and dorsolateral striatum. We expect that the ability of L-carnitine to keep translational machinery on facilitates efficacy of postischemic remodulation of gene expression.
The solid state13C NMR studies of intermolecular hydrogen bonding formation in a blend of phenolic resin and poly(hydroxyl ether) of bisphenol A (2000)

The formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonds in blends of novolac type phenolic and poly(hydroxyl ether) of bisphenol A was investigated by studying its Tg behavior, excess volume, and solid state 13C NMR spectra. The Tg and parameters of solid state 13C NMR, such as the TCH and spin-lattice relaxation time in the rotating frame TH1ρ, indicate that the London dispersion force (entropically favored) significantly affects the intermolecular hydrogen bonding of the blend. The phenoxy chain forces opening of the intra-association of phenolic and thus creates more free OHs. This strong entropic effect reduces the total hydrogen bonding of the system, especially when one of the polymer is the minor component. This also results in the reduction of Tg and free volume expansion, reflecting in the increase of cross-polarization (C—H) time and molecular mobility within the phenolic/phenoxy blend.
Microfluidic single-particle chemical analyzer with dual-comb coherent Raman spectroscopy (2018)

Label-free particle analysis is a powerful tool in chemical, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries as well as in basic sciences, but its throughput is significantly lower than that of fluorescence-based counterparts. Here we present a label-free single-particle analyzer based on broadband dual-comb coherent Raman scattering spectroscopy operating at a spectroscopic scan rate of 10 kHz. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, we perform broadband coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering measurements of polystyrene microparticles flowing on an acoustofluidic chip at a high throughput of >1000 particles per second. This high-throughput label-free particle analyzer has the potential for high-precision statistical analysis of a large number of microparticles including biological cells.
Field distribution in granular, diamagnetic materials (1994)

Field distributions in samples composed of spherical, perfectly diamagnetic grains, randomly dispersed in a nonmagnetic matrix, are discussed on the basis of numerical calculations. Results of a spherical sample of 580 identical grains, which occupy 58% of the volume, show that (a) the dipole moment of the sample is in good agreement with effective medium theory predictions, (b) the superconducting volume fraction can be inferred from its measured dipole moment, and (c) the dipole part of the actual field, to which a grain in this spherical sample is exposed varies from 70% of the applied field (near the poles) to 130% (near the equator).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Health Related Quality of Life Assessment in Metastatic Disease of the Spine (2009)

A systematic review of the available evidence suggests that valid and reliable health related quality of life measures exist for the assessment of oncology patients; however, a disease-specific tool for metastatic spine disease awaits development. Until such time as a disease-specific tool is available, we recommend that the ECOG and SF-36 be considered for use in studies addressing the outcome assessment of patients with metastatic spine disease.
Response of porcine oocytes to electrical and chemical activation during maturation in vitro (1991)

These studies were conducted to examine activation of in vitro-matured porcine oocytes in response to an electrical stimulus or to an ionophore. Cumulus-enclosed porcine oocytes were incubated in maturation medium supplemented with either FSH and LH (MM:Exp.1) or pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG; MM-P: experiments 2-4) at 39 degrees C in 5% CO2:95% air with high humidity. In experiment 1, groups of oocytes were stripped of cumulus and then shampulsed (control) or electrically pulsed with a Zimmerman Cell Fusion unit at 24, 31, 41, 48, and 65 h of incubation. Control oocytes were exposed to the activation medium for 20 sec, whereas oocytes to be pulsed were subjected to a single activation pulse (120 V, 30 microseconds). Oocytes were cultured for an additional 24 h and then fixed and examined. For oocytes pulsed at 24, 31, 41, 48, and 65 h, the proportions which activated were 0, 0, 87, 88, and 83%, respectively. In experiment 2, oocytes were electrically or sham-pulsed with a BTX 200 Embryomanipulation System at 24, 30, and 40 h of incubation and respective proportions of oocytes activating were 27%, 39%, and 72%. In experiment 3, oocytes were subjected to 0, 1, or 2 activation pulses after 41 h of incubation in MM-P. Double-pulsing halved the proportion of activated oocytes (P less than .0001). In experiment 4, oocytes were subjected to 0, 25, 50, or 100 microM ionophore at 48 h of incubation. Proportions of oocytes activated by ionophore were greater than for control (P less than .05), but activation was not increased by increasing dose of ionophore.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
SYK inhibition with fostamatinib in Waldenström's macroglobulinemia: In vitro cell based assays. (2019)

e19047 Background: Waldenström's macroglobulinemia (WM) is characterized by accumulation of IgM secreting neoplastic B cells in the bone marrow (BM). B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) signaling plays a pivotal role in the regulation of integrin-mediated retention of lymphoma cells in the BM. Signaling through the BCR leads to activation of spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) and downstream kinases which play a role in lymphoma pathobiology. The Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor ibrutinib targets BCR-controlled signaling and integrin-mediated adhesion in WM cells, but patients with WM may become refractory to ibrutinib treatment. As SYK signaling is upstream of BTK, we explored the effect of the SYK inhibitor R406 (the active metabolite of fostamatinib) on BCR mediated signaling and cell adhesion in WM. Methods: MWCL-1 cells were treated with R406, CAL101 (PI3 kinase inhibitor) or ibrutinib at concentrations up to 10µM and stimulated with anti-IgM antibodies or PMA. The cells were transferred to plates coated with fibronectin to assess cell adhesion. For the proliferation assays, MWCL-1 cells or primary B cells were pretreated with kinase inhibitors, followed by stimulation of primary B cells with anti-IgM. Results: Anti-IgM or PMA alone stimulated the adhesion of MWCL-1 on fibronectin. The addition of R406 had a comparable effect to ibrutinib on inhibition of IgM mediated cell adhesion (IC50 = 0.32µM), consistent with the effect of both compounds on BCR mediated signaling. Neither compound affected PMA induced cell adhesion, indicating that the effect on IgM mediated cell adhesion was not due to toxicity. Lack of off-target toxicity was further confirmed in the MWCL-1 proliferation assays where the compounds showed less potency than in BCR-mediated assays. Comparable inhibition of adhesion and proliferation was seen with CAL101. Conclusions: Preliminary preclinical studies with R406 show that SYK is involved in BCR mediated signaling and cell adhesion in WM. CAL101 mediated inhibition of adhesion further confirmed the role of SYK, which is upstream of PI3K. R406 was as effective as ibrutinib in blocking WM cell adhesion. Further studies of SYK inhibition with fostamatinib as a potential treatment option for WM are warranted.
Tunability Behavior of (Ba, Ca)(Zr, Ti)O Ceramic Capacitors Powered by Thermally Induced Phase Transitions With Applications to Nonlinear Transmission Lines (2022)

Ferroelectric ceramics with low loss dielectric, high permittivity, and nonlinear behavior are essential in capacitive nonlinear transmission lines (NLTLs) for radio frequency (RF) generation. NLTLs have the potential to generate soliton waves for high-power microwave (HPM) applications in mobile defense platforms and satellite communications. In this work, we synthesize, characterize, and investigate the nonlinear behavior of (Ba,Ca)(Zr,Ti)O3 ceramics system to be applied as nonlinear elements in capacitive NLTLs. The ceramics were structurally and microstructural characterized. Anomalies in dielectric and pyroelectric curves access the temperatures of phase transitions. The permittivity tunability was studied as a function of electric field and frequency in temperatures near phase transitions. The phase transitions of materials are identified by temperature where the permittivity and percentage of nonlinear tunability factor (NTF) are higher, which are required to produce RF on NLTLs.
Monodisperse Poly(triacetylen)-Stäbe: Synthese eines 11.9 nm langen molekularen Drahtes und direkte Bestimmung der effektiven Konjugationslänge durch UV/Vis- und Raman-Spektroskopie (1999)

Mit 16 C-C-Doppel- und 32 C-C-Dreifachbindungen und einer Länge von 11.9 nm ist ein hexadecameres Poly(triacetylen) (PTA) vom Typ 1 der bisher längste linear π-konjugierte molekulare Draht, der keine aromatischen Wiederholungseinheiten aufweist. Über eine schnelle und effiziente statistische Entschützungs-Oligomerisierungs-Sequenz wurde eine vom Monomer bis zum Hexadecamer reichende Serie von PTA-Oligomeren 1 hergestellt; die effektive Konjugationslänge, bei der Sättigung der molekularen Eigenschaften auftritt, wurde sowohl UV/Vis- als auch Raman-spektroskopisch zu n = 10 (n = Zahl der Monomereinheiten) bestimmt.
Introducing heterogeneous networks in HSPA (2012)

In heterogeneous networks, low power nodes may be deployed within macro cells for coverage and capacity improvement. Due to transmit power difference between low power nodes and macro cells, downlink (DL) and uplink (UL) coverage of the low power nodes can be very different. This DL-UL coverage difference could negatively affect system performance on both the DL and the UL. We describe a few techniques to alleviate this problem in HSPA. We present simulation results to show the effectiveness of these techniques as well as the system performance improvement of heterogeneous networks over traditional macro cell only deployments in HSPA.
The $\hbox{nn}^{+}$-Junction as the Key to Improved Ruggedness and Soft Recovery of Power Diodes (2009)

The effects during reverse recovery of pin power diodes are determined by free carriers and their interaction with the electric field. A density of free carriers higher than the background doping will easily occur in space-charge regions during reverse recovery of high-voltage silicon devices. As a result, a high electric-field strength combined with avalanche generation occurs at the p-n junction. However, if a second region with high electric-field strength arises at the nn <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> -junction, the situation can become critical. If the second electric-field peak can be suppressed, it is possible to make diodes that are very rugged and show a significantly improved soft-recovery behavior.
Structure and Stability of Aluminum Hydroxides:  A Theoretical Study (2002)

Aluminum hydroxides are the precursors of metastable aluminas which are used in many applications in industrial catalysis. They constitute a starting point for the understanding of transition processes and structures of metastable transition aluminas. Using first-principle density functional calculations, several polymorphs with different degrees of hydration are simulated: gibbsite, bayerite, diaspore, boehmite, and tohdite. Optimized structures, including cell parameters, atomic positions, and space groups, are calculated and compared with experimental crystallographic data. In some cases, polymorphic structures were found with different orientations for the hydrogen bonds. The study of thermodynamical stability as a function of temperature allows to point out the main tendencies: the higher the temperature, the lower is the degree of hydration of the thermodynamical stable species. Furthermore, calculated limiting temperatures of stability of the various polymorphs are predicted and compared favorably with experimental data available on the transition temperatures.
CRM1 Mediates the Export of ADAR1 through a Nuclear Export Signal within the Z-DNA Binding Domain (2001)

RNA editing of specific residues by adenosine deamination is a nuclear process catalyzed by adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADAR). Different promoters in the ADAR1 gene give rise to two forms of the protein: a constitutive promoter expresses a transcript encoding (c)ADAR1, and an interferon-induced promoter expresses a transcript encoding an N-terminally extended form, (i)ADAR1. Here we show that (c)ADAR1 is primarily nuclear whereas (i)ADAR1 encompasses a functional nuclear export signal in the N-terminal part and is a nucleocytoplasmic shuttle protein. Mutation of the nuclear export signal or treatment with the CRM1-specific drug leptomycin B induces nuclear accumulation of (i)ADAR1 fused to the green fluorescent protein and increases the nuclear editing activity. In concurrence, CRM1 and RanGTP interact specifically with the (i)ADAR1 nuclear export signal to form a tripartite export complex in vitro. Furthermore, our data imply that nuclear import of (i)ADAR1 is mediated by at least two nuclear localization sequences. These results suggest that the nuclear editing activity of (i)ADAR1 is modulated by nuclear export.
A detection theoretic approach to digital fingerprinting with focused receivers under uniform linear averaging Gaussian attacks (2009)

We consider the digital fingerprinting problem where colluders apply uniform linear averaging followed by AWGN. For each user, the receiver computes the correlation between the attacked signal and that user's fingerprint, and performs thresholding (focused detection). We model the fingerprinting problem as a multi-user communications problem and develop a detection theoretic framework. Assuming independent colluders, we derive generic exact bit error probability expressions, together with tight bounds, for arbitrary fingerprinting systems. Then, we specialize our results to orthogonal, simplex and Gaussian codes; under MSE distortion constraints on the embedder and the colluders, we compute the optimal detection rule, the resulting minimum bit error probability, the collusion resistance for the aforementioned codes, and compare their performances.
Supplementary Figures 1-7, Supplementary Tables 1-8, 12 from Transient Depletion of CD4<sup>+</sup> Cells Induces Remodeling of the TCR Repertoire in Gastrointestinal Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figures 1-7 Supplementary Table 1-8, 12&lt;/p&gt;
A Reliable Diagnosis of Porphyria Should Preceed any Conclusion Concerning the Safety of a Drug in Porphyria (1999)

Department of Electrophysiology; St. Mary's Hospital; Rochester, Minnesota 55902;Asirvatham.samuel@mayo.eduIn Reply:-We would like to thank Drs. Mamet and Schoenfeld for their instructive comments and corrections. We completely agree that porphyria had not been definitively diagnosed and that the pattern of porphyrin and porphyrin precursor elevation is consistent with any neurogenic porphyria. However, it should be noted that the patient's liver function tests had returned to the normal range (except for a minimally elevated alanine transaminase level) on the day before the urine porphyrin collection. Furthermore, we noted that propofol (which could have interfered with the colorimetric assay) was at near-undetectable levels at the time of urine collection, thus making both liver dysfunction or drug effect unlikely as the cause of the abnormal laboratory results. Regrettably, testing for lead poisoning was not performed at that time; however, clinically, there was no feature to suggest this as a possibility.The patient was referred to our center for his ablation and has not followed up with us. We strongly recommended that a fecal porphyrin profile as well as a coproporphyrinogen oxidase level analysis be performed by this primary physician.Despite the above discussion, in our opinion, the clinical syndrome and abnormal tests as outlined in our report make latent neurogenic porphyria manifested by propofol an important and likely possibility. We believe that this observation should be considered when administering large amounts of propofol to porphyric patients until larger studies have demonstrated otherwise.Samuel J. Asirvatham, M.D.Department of Electrophysiology; St. Mary's Hospital; Rochester, Minnesota 55902;Asirvatham.samuel@mayo.edu(Accepted for publication March 23, 1999.)
Thermally stable polyimide isomers for membrane‐based gas separations at elevated temperatures (1995)

Abstract The temperature dependence of gas sorption and transport properties is examined for two polyimide isomers. The permeabilities and solubilities of five gases in these materials are reported over an extensive temperature range from 35 to 325°C. Also, the activation energies for permeation, the heats of sorption, and the activation energies for diffusion obtained for both polyimides are compared and correlated with physical properties of the polymers and penetrants. The influence of temperature on the selective properties of these membrane materials is discussed for three gas separations; He/N 2 , CO 2 /CH 4, and O 2 /N 2. Thorough analysis of these data provides insight into the influence of the subtle difference in chain structure of the two isomers. The performance of the 6FDA‐6F p DA as a separation membrane at high temperatures suggests that it is an outstanding candidate for use in novel elevated temperature applications. ©1995 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Preferential V beta usage by cytotoxic T cells cross-reactive between two epitopes of HIV-1 gp160 and degenerate in class I MHC restriction. (1993)

Abstract The T cell response to HIV-1 gp160 is among the most thoroughly studied immune responses to HIV-1 products. In our previous work, the MHC class I molecule Dd as well as H-2u, p, and q, were found to present P18 and HP53, two determinants of HIV-1 gp160, to CD8+ CTL in mice. We have studied the TCR V beta chain expression in CTL lines, either cross-reactive for these two peptides or specific for P18 alone, in these four different MHC haplotypes. The usage of V beta in T cells showing cross-reaction between these two peptides was remarkably conserved (primarily V beta 8 family, with some use of V beta 14) despite the extensive TCR V beta diversity of the non-cross-reactive CTL, which did not use V beta 8 or 14. This correlation of V beta usage with fine specificity was consistent in H-2d, u, and p (p &amp;lt; 0.01), but not in H-2q. The correlation of V beta use with peptide fine specificity independent of MHC restriction was unexpected. The strong predominance of V beta 8 family TCR was all the more surprising in view of the finding that mice bearing a genomic deletion of V beta 8 can still produce T cells with the cross-reactive phenotype, implying that other V beta chains can produce this specificity. We therefore asked whether the complexes of P18 with H-2d, p, and u are recognized as identical, and observed the surprising result that H-2d, p, and u cells mutually cross-present the peptides P18 and HP53 to allogeneic CTL lines and individual clones of each of the other haplotypes, whereas none of these cross-present to H-2q CTL, nor do H-2q targets present to CTL of the other haplotypes. This degeneracy of MHC restriction is novel for class I molecules. Moreover, the observed restriction in V beta usage occurs only in the unique set of CTL that exhibit both peptide-cross-reactive fine specificity and MHC allogeneic cross-presentation. The observation that a strain of mice in which the V beta 8 family is genomically deleted can still make CTL of this phenotype using another V beta demonstrates the plasticity of the class I MHC-restricted repertoire when the dominating receptor is not available.