gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Plastic sorting based on MEMS FTIR spectral chemometrics sensing (2020)

Plastic solid waste management is a growing field in many countries that is supported by governmental legislation. Plastic recycling is widely concerned since the other methods such as, landfilling and burning, harm the environment and are economically inefficient. Different methods have been proposed in literature based on the physical and thermal properties of the plastic but they are labor intensive and time consuming. The most promising method is based on the optical spectral sensing in the infrared range. It is non-destructive and time-efficient especially when coupled with machine learning models such as chemometrics. However, the infrared spectrometers are bulky, expensive and require building a model for each unit. Micro-electro-mechanical-system (MEMS) Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectrometers are designed to be portable and lower in cost and in power consumption than traditional spectrometers. In this work, we present a classification predictor of two plastic categories Polyethylene Terephthalate (PETE) and Polypropylene (PP) using a portable MEMS FTIR spectrometer. PETE and PP samples are collected with different shapes and surface curvatures and the samples diffuse reflectance spectra are measured at 10 different surface spots per sample. The measurements are averaged and processed to mitigate the physical scatter effects. A multivariate linear classification chemometrics model is built and validated using one sample out cross validation. The classification using one principle component reaches a classification success rate of 100 % opening the door for low cost portable device for accurate plastic sorting.
Molecular structure of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis virulence factor, mycolic acid, determines the elicited inflammatory pattern (2010)

Mycolic acids (MAs) occur in the cell wall of Mycobacterium tuberculosis as variable mixtures of different classes and chain lengths. Here, we address the relationship between the structure and its inflammatory function of this virulence factor using single synthetic MA isomers, differing in oxygenation class and cis- versus α-methyl-trans proximal cyclopropane orientation. Analysis of bronchoalveolar inflammation, lung histopathology and alveolar macrophage transcription revealed a strong dependence on these meromycolic chemistries of mouse pulmonary inflammation in response to intratracheal treatments with MAs. Whereas α-MA was inert, oxygenated methoxy- and keto-MA with cis-cyclopropane stereochemistry elicited solid to mild inflammatory responses respectively. In trans-cyclopropane orientation, methoxy-MA partially lost its inflammatory activity and keto-MA exerted anti-inflammatory alternative activation of alveolar macrophages and counteracted cis-methoxy-MA induced airway inflammation. The differential innate immune activities of MAs demonstrated here, dependent on oxygenation class and cis versus α-methyl-trans cyclopropane chemistry, identify a novel means for M. tuberculosis to steer host immune responses during infection.
Multistream input: An experimental study of document scrolling methods (1999)

Navigating through on-line documents has become an increasingly common task in human-computer interaction. This paper investigates alternative methods to improve user performance for browsing World Wide Web and other documents. In a task that involved both scrolling and pointing, we compared three input methods against the status quo. The results showed that a mouse with a finger wheel did not improve user's performance; two other methods, namely a mouse with an isometric rate-control joystick operated by the same hand and a two-handed system that put a mouse in the dominant hand and a joystick in the other, both significantly improved users' performance. A human factors analysis of each of the three input methods is presented.
Adhesion and separation models for direct hydrophilic bonding (2015)

A simple model describing the hydrophilic adhesion between solid surfaces, with low roughness is proposed to explain both the influence of the interface roughness and quantity of water present at the interface on the work of adhesion and work of separation. The observed hysteresis between adhesion and separation is explained by the evolving distribution of water along the bonding interface. This model is based on earlier molecular dynamics simulations of hydrophilic direct bonding previously obtained by Cole et al. An experimental validation is presented showing good agreement with model predictions.
Uplink Performance Analysis of Multicell MU-SIMO Systems With ZF Receivers (2013)

We consider the uplink of a multicell multiuser single-input multiple-output system (MU-SIMO), where the channel experiences both small- and large-scale fading. The data detection is done by using the linear zero-forcing technique, assuming the base station (BS) has perfect channel state information of all users in its cell. We derive new exact analytical expressions for the uplink rate, the symbol error rate (SER), and the outage probability per user, as well as a lower bound on the achievable rate. This bound is very tight and becomes exact in the large-number-of-antenna limit. We further study the asymptotic system performance in the regimes of high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), large number of antennas, and large number of users per cell. We show that, at high SNRs, the system is interference limited, and hence, we cannot improve the system performance by increasing the transmit power of each user. Instead, by increasing the number of BS antennas, the effects of interference and noise can be reduced, thereby improving system performance. We demonstrate that, with very large antenna arrays at the BS, the transmit power of each user can be made inversely proportional to the number of BS antennas while maintaining a desired quality of service. Numerical results are presented to verify our analysis.
Pharmacologic Reprogramming Designed to Induce a Warburg Effect in Porcine Fetal Fibroblasts Alters Gene Expression and Quantities of Metabolites from Conditioned Media Without Increased Cell Proliferation (2018)

The Warburg effect is a metabolic phenomenon characterized by increased glycolytic activity, decreased mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, and the production of lactate. This metabolic phenotype is characterized in rapidly proliferative cell types such as cancerous cells and embryonic stem cells. We hypothesized that a Warburg-like metabolism could be achieved in other cell types by treatment with pharmacological agents, which might, in turn, facilitate nuclear reprogramming. The aim of this study was to treat fibroblasts with CPI-613 and PS48 to induce a Warburg-like metabolic state. We demonstrate that treatment with both drugs altered the expression of 69 genes and changed the level of 21 metabolites in conditioned culture media, but did not induce higher proliferation compared to the control treatment. These results support a role for the reverse Warburg effect, whereby cancer cells induce cancer-associated fibroblast cells in the surrounding stroma to exhibit the metabolically characterized Warburg effect. Cancer-associated fibroblasts then produce and secrete metabolites such as pyruvate to supply the cancerous cells, thereby supporting tumor growth and metastasis. While anticipating an increase in the production of lactate and increased cellular proliferation, both hallmarks of the Warburg effect, we instead observed increased secretion of pyruvate without changes in proliferation.
Effect of Holmium:YAG Laser Pulse Width on Lithotripsy Retropulsion in Vitro (2005)

When treating ureteral calculi, retropulsion can be reduced by using a longer pulse width without compromising fragmentation efficiency. For caliceal calculi, the longer pulse width in combination with a 400-microm fiber provides more effective stone fragmentation.
Differential antibody induction to surface textured silica nanoparticle adjuvants (VAC3P.1055) (2015)

Abstract Nanoparticles have been shown to be a potent adjuvant in vaccine design. Previous studies demonstrated that carboxylated 40-50 nm polystyrene nanoparticles (PSNPs) with covalently bound antigen offer a new class of vaccine with only two elements (antigen and particle) but with no added inflammatory stimuli. Herein, we report on a deconstructed two-part vaccine whereby the adjuvant and protein carrier are co-administered to elicit potent antibody responses in vivo. Recent works indicate that particle shape can also influence the immune response. As such, we investigate the influence of surface morphology using smooth and rough surfaced silica nanoparticle adjuvants, showing smooth nanoparticles as the more potent antibody inducers. MTT assay confirms that both silica nanoparticle adjuvant and polystyrene protein carrier display excellent biocompatibility with over 95% viability with COS-7 cells. Preliminary in vitro dendritic cell (DC) culture experiments indicate that silica nanoparticle adjuvants, similarly to PSNPs, do not induce the up-regulation of maturation markers, CD80, CD86 and MHC II on CD11c+ gated DCs. This suggests the particle carrier itself is non-inflammatory, a required feature for our vaccine approach. Ongoing studies are focusing on the cytokines induced in vitro and in vivo by these novel constructs. The outcomes from this study provide key design criteria in the development of novel nanoparticle immunotherapeutics for the treatment of disease.
Imaging through thick turbid medium using time-resolved measurement (2015)

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel method to image a scene hidden behind a 1.5cm thick scattering medium. Our method is based on time-resolved measurement combined with an optimization framework for inversion.
Heterocyclic polymers as catalysts in organic synthesis - effect of macromolecular design and microenvironment on the catalytic activity of polymer-supported (dialkylamino)pyridine catalysts (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHeterocyclic polymers as catalysts in organic synthesis - effect of macromolecular design and microenvironment on the catalytic activity of polymer-supported (dialkylamino)pyridine catalystsAndre Deratani, Graham D. Darling, Daniel Horak, and Jean M. J. FrechetCite this: Macromolecules 1987, 20, 4, 767–772Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1987https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00170a011RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views290Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (819 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Breast tumors interfere with endothelial TRAIL at the premetastatic niche to promote cancer cell seeding (2023)

Endothelial cells (ECs) grant access of disseminated cancer cells to distant organs. However, the molecular players regulating the activation of quiescent ECs at the premetastatic niche (PMN) remain elusive. Here, we find that ECs at the PMN coexpress tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and its cognate death receptor 5 (DR5). Unexpectedly, endothelial TRAIL interacts intracellularly with DR5 to prevent its signaling and preserve a quiescent vascular phenotype. In absence of endothelial TRAIL, DR5 activation induces EC death and nuclear factor κB/p38-dependent EC stickiness, compromising vascular integrity and promoting myeloid cell infiltration, breast cancer cell adhesion, and metastasis. Consistently, both down-regulation of endothelial TRAIL at the PMN by proangiogenic tumor-secreted factors and the presence of the endogenous TRAIL inhibitors decoy receptor 1 (DcR1) and DcR2 favor metastasis. This study discloses an intracrine mechanism whereby TRAIL blocks DR5 signaling in quiescent endothelia, acting as gatekeeper of the vascular barrier that is corrupted by the tumor during cancer cell dissemination.
Study of the Surface of CdTe Treated in H2 Plasma (1989)

The surface of CdTe can be cleaned using H 2 plasma. Native oxide and thin Te layers on the CdTe surface are removed at a temperature higher than 100°C. The photoluminescence intensity of edge emission became largest as the surface of CdTe was treated in H 2 plasma at a temperature of about 100°C. From the intensity of the defect-related emission band in photoluminescence spectra of H 2 -treated films, it is concluded that the surface treatment of CdTe by H 2 plasma at 170°C is most appropriate.
Correction: Simplifying microfluidic separation devices towards field-detection of blood parasites (2016)

Correction for ‘Simplifying microfluidic separation devices towards field-detection of blood parasites’ by S. H. Holm <italic>et al.</italic>, <italic>Anal. Methods</italic>, 2016, <bold>8</bold>, 3291–3300.
Effect of noise suppression in channel estimation for single-carrier FDMA radio access with variable transmission bandwidth (2008)

This paper proposes a two-step noise suppression method in the frequency and time domains for frequency domain channel estimation in single-carrier (SC)-FDMA radio access using a variable transmission bandwidth. In the proposed method, a weighted coherent averaging filter suppresses the noise component of the estimated channel gain in the frequency domain and then, after conversion of the channel gain into a time domain signal, effective path selection with threshold detection suppresses the noise component further. Computer simulation results show that the channel estimation with weighted coherent averaging in the frequency domain in addition to path selection employing threshold detection in the time domain improves the block error rate (BLER) by approximately 0.5 dB compared to that with path selection in the time domain only when the transmission bandwidth is one resource block (RB), i.e., 180 kHz, to four RBs, where paths are not sufficiently resolved. We also confirm that frequency domain channel estimation using only the threshold based path selection improves the BLER performance the most in a wide transmission bandwidth such as 25 RBs where sufficient path resolution accuracy is obtained.
An Aggregation-Specific Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay: Detection of Conformational Differences between Recombinant PrP Protein Dimers and PrP Sc Aggregates (2005)

The conversion of the normal cellular prion protein, PrP(C), into the protease-resistant, scrapie PrP(Sc) aggregate is the cause of prion diseases. We developed a novel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that is specific for PrP aggregate by screening 30 anti-PrP monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) for their ability to react with recombinant mouse, ovine, bovine, or human PrP dimers. One MAb that reacts with all four recombinant PrP dimers also reacts with PrP(Sc) aggregates in ME7-, 139A-, or 22L-infected mouse brains. The PrP(Sc) aggregate is proteinase K resistant, has a mass of 2,000 kDa or more, and is present at a time when no protease-resistant PrP is detectable. This simple and sensitive assay provides the basis for the development of a diagnostic test for prion diseases in other species. Finally, the principle of the aggregate-specific ELISA we have developed may be applicable to other diseases caused by abnormal protein aggregation, such as Alzheimer's disease or Parkinson's disease.
COMBINED HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER ANALYSIS FROM ANNULAR FINS OF CONSTANT CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA (2008)

A numerical analysis was carried out to study the efficiency and temperature distribution of annular fins of constant cross-sectional area when subjected to both heat and mass transfer mechanisms. The temperature and humidity ratio differences are the driving forces for the heat and mass transfer, respectively. In the previous work reported in the literature a linear model assumption is used for the relationship between the humidity ratio and temperature; however in the present work actual psychrometric relations are used in the solution procedure. In this regard a nonlinear mathematical model representing the heat and mass transfer mechanisms was solved using a finite difference successive over-relaxation method. Numerical solutions are obtained for the temperature distribution over the fin surface in addition to fin efficiency for both fully wet and partially wet fin surfaces. The numerical results are compared with those of previous studies in order to find if the linear model in the published analytical results are close to the real situation. It was found that one of the linear models for the relation between the humidity ratio and temperature is a reasonable engineering approximation.
Biological screening of Zizyphus oxyphylla Edgew leaves. (2010)

Crude methanolic extract and various fractions of Zizyphus oxyphylla Edgew leaves were screened for antibacterial, antifungal, phytotoxic, cytotoxic and insecticidal activities. Antibacterial bioassay was performed against six bacteria viz., Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Shigella flexenari, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella typhi . Ethyl acetate fraction showed good antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilus (16mm zone of inhibition) and Staphylococcus aureus (18 mm zone of inhibition). The antifungal activity of these extract performed against 6 fungal strains viz., Trichophyton longifusus, Candida albicans, Aspergilus flavus, Microsporum canis, Fusarium solani and Candida glaberata indicated non significant results. Similarly neither of the fractions showed any cytotoxicity while n-hexane and ethyl acetate fraction showed moderate (40 %) insecticidal activity. All fractions and crude extract showed significant (60-90 %) phytotoxicity.
Deep Learning-Enabled, Detection of Rare Circulating Tumor Cell Clusters in Whole Blood Using Label-free, Flow Cytometry (2023)

Metastatic tumors have poor prognoses for progression-free and overall survival for all cancer patients. Rare circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and rarer circulating tumor cell clusters (CTCCs) are potential biomarkers of metastatic growth, with CTCCs representing an increased risk factor for metastasis. Current detection platforms are optimized for <i>ex vivo</i> detection of CTCs only. Microfluidic chips and size exclusion methods have been proposed for CTCC detection; however, they lack <i>in vivo</i> utility and real-time monitoring capability. Confocal backscatter and fluorescence flow cytometry (BSFC) has been used for label-free detection of CTCCs in whole blood based on machine learning (ML) enabled peak classification. Here, we expand to a deep-learning (DL) -based, peak detection and classification model to detect CTCCs in whole blood data. We demonstrate that DL-based BSFC has a low false alarm rate of 0.78 events/min with a high Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.943 between detected events and expected events. DL-based BSFC of whole blood maintains a detection purity of 72% and a sensitivity of 35.3% for both homotypic and heterotypic CTCCs starting at a minimum size of two cells. We also demonstrate through artificial spiking studies that DL-based BSFC is sensitive to changes in the number of CTCCs present in the samples and does not add variability in detection beyond the expected variability from Poisson statistics. The performance established by DL-based BSFC motivates its use for <i>in vivo</i> detection of CTCCs. Further developments of label-free BSFC to enhance throughput could lead to critical applications in the clinical detection of CTCCs and <i>ex vivo</i> isolation of CTCC from whole blood with minimal disruption and processing steps.
Synthesis and Characterization of Degradable Anhydride-co-imide Terpolymers Containing Trimellitylimido-l-tyrosine:  Novel Polymers for Drug Delivery (1996)

The goal of this work is to synthesize a polymer specifically designed to deliver vaccine antigens. To accomplish this goal, a series of anhydride-co-imide terpolymers based on trimellitylimido-l-tyrosine (TMA-Tyr), sebacic acid (SA), and 1,3-bis(carboxyphenoxy)propane (CPP) was synthesized by melt condensation polymerization. It is desirable to incorporate tyrosine into the backbone of the polymer system due to its inherent ability to enhance the immune response to vaccine antigens. CPP and SA were copolymerized with the tyrosine derivative, TMA-Tyr, in order to develop a polymer with suitable material properties for drug delivery (e.g., high molecular weight, amorphous, and good solubility in low-boiling organic solvents), as well as to provide a series of polymers capable of a wide range of degradation and antigen release properties. To our knowledge, this paper represents the first report of the synthesis and characterization of terpolyanhydrides designed specifically to deliver drugs such as vaccine antigens. A systematic series of studies was performed to evaluate and optimize the influence of monomer ratio, reaction time and temperature, reaction catalysts, and catalyst concentration on polymer molecular weight, percent TMA-Tyr incorporation, and crystallinity. Terpolymers were synthesized with weight-average molecular weights in excess of 80 000 by using heterogenic catalysts and highly purified monomers with low degrees of oligomerization. In addition, the terpolymers had no crystalline regions, the only exception being polymers with >60% SA in their backbone. Monomers and polymers were characterized by 1H NMR and IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, thermal transition temperature analysis, and gel permeation chromatography. The stability of these polymers in the solid state and in chloroform at various temperatures is also reported.
Access to Silylated Pyrazole Derivatives by Palladium‐Catalyzed C−H Activation of a TMS group (2016)

A simple and efficient approach to new silylated heterocycles of potential interest in medicinal chemistry is presented. A set of bromophenyl trimethylsilyl pyrazole intermediates can be transformed by direct organometallic routes into two families of regioisomeric iodoaryl substrates; using either arylzinc or aryllithium chemistry, the TMS group remains on the pyrazole ring or translocates to the aryl moiety. These two families can then be efficiently transformed into benzo silino pyrazoles thanks to a single-step cyclization relying on the Pd-catalyzed activation of a non-activated C(sp(3) )-H bond alpha to a silicon atom. The experimental conditions used, which are fully compatible with the pyrazole ring, suggest that this reaction evolves through a concerted metalation-deprotonation (CMD) mechanism.