gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fractionation and characterization of sialyl linkage isomers of serum N‐glycans by CE–MS (2022)

Structural isomers of sialylated N-glycans contribute to the diversity of the N-glycome and to a range of biological functions. Sialyl linkage isomers can be readily distinguished by mass spectrometry with mass differences between α2,3- and α2,6-linkages generated by a two-step sialic acid linkage-specific alkylamidation. To improve the identification of N-glycans from complex mixtures, we added a delactonization step after the first alkylamidation step, which regenerates negatively charged carboxylic acids on α2,3-sialic acids. N-glycan isomers with α2,3-sialic acids are then fractionated by ion-exchange chromatography prior to the second alkylamidation step. With this modified alkylamidation method, sialylated N-glycans were enriched and stabilized for structural characterization by capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry. We identified 52 sialylated N-glycan structures, including 107 linkage isomers, in human serum and confirmed the presence of positional isomers of specific sialyl linkage isomers. Due to the reduced sample complexity after ion-exchange fractionation and CE separation, substructural features of N-glycans were rapidly evaluated and included core- and antenna-fucosylation and poly-lactosamine.
The Prevalence Rate and Anatomic Location of Colorectal Adenoma and Cancer Detected by Colonoscopy in Average-Risk Individuals Aged 40-80 Years (2006)

Screening colonoscopy in average-risk subjects demonstrated a considerable prevalence of CR neoplasia and proximal lesions beyond the reach of sigmoidoscopy. The morbidity rate was negligible. Primary screening colonoscopy should be considered in health programs for the average-risk population, beginning at the age of 50 yr. The significantly high rate of advanced and proximal neoplasia in the elderly, encourages the inclusion of healthy subjects aged 76-80 yr in future prospective studies.
Distribution of <i>bucl</i> genes among <i>Burkholderia</i> spp. select agents by PCR. (2015)

&lt;p&gt;Presence of &lt;i&gt;bucl&lt;/i&gt; genes was assessed by PCR on (A) a collection of genomic DNA from 25 &lt;i&gt;B&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;i&gt;pseudomallei&lt;/i&gt; and 16 &lt;i&gt;B&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;i&gt;mallei&lt;/i&gt; strains, as well as (B) in control strains of &lt;i&gt;B&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;i&gt;thailandensis&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;B&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;i&gt;cepacia&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;B&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;i&gt;cenocepacia&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;B&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;i&gt;multivorans&lt;/i&gt;; selected &lt;i&gt;bucl&lt;/i&gt; genes &lt;i&gt;5&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;13&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;14&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;16&lt;/i&gt; are shown. (C) Detection and separation of selected &lt;i&gt;bucl&lt;/i&gt; amplicons generated from the &lt;i&gt;B&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;i&gt;pseudomallei&lt;/i&gt; reference strain K96243 by traditional 2% agarose gel electrophoresis (left) or by capillary gel electrophoresis (right). Electropherogram generated by capillary gel electrophoresis with phospholipid nanogel matrix shows separation of amplicons over time. Amplicon sizes: &lt;i&gt;bucl5&lt;/i&gt;, 216 bp; &lt;i&gt;bucl13&lt;/i&gt;, 214 bp; &lt;i&gt;bucl14&lt;/i&gt;, 178 bp; and &lt;i&gt;bucl16&lt;/i&gt;, 123 bp. M, 50-bp DNA ladder. PCR data shown in Panel A for 25 Bp strains come from two merged gel images.&lt;/p&gt;
Expressive Reasoning Graph Store: A Unified Framework for Managing RDF and Property Graph Databases (2022)

Resource Description Framework (RDF) and Property Graph (PG) are the two most commonly used data models for representing, storing, and querying graph data. We present Expressive Reasoning Graph Store (ERGS) -- a graph store built on top of JanusGraph (a Property Graph store) that also allows storing and querying of RDF datasets. First, we describe how RDF data can be translated into a Property Graph representation and then describe a query translation module that converts SPARQL queries into a series of Gremlin traversals. The converters and translators thus developed can allow any Apache Tinkerpop compliant graph database to store and query RDF datasets. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed approach using JanusGraph as the base Property Graph store and compare its performance with standard RDF systems.
Total synthesis of calicheamicinone: new arrangements for actuation of the reductive cycloaromatization of aglycon congeners (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTotal synthesis of calicheamicinone: new arrangements for actuation of the reductive cycloaromatization of aglycon congenersJohn N. Haseltine, Maria Paz Cabal, Nathan B. Mantlo, Nobuharu Iwasawa, Dennis S. Yamashita, Robert S. Coleman, Samuel J. Danishefsky, and Gayle K. SchulteCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 10, 3850–3866Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00010a030https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00010a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1858Altmetric-Citations94LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
<title>Sensor for computing velocities of multiple objects moving along a line</title> (1996)

Limitations inherent to the linear optical field assumption are discussed. A modified time-to-crash detector conception is proposed. The main features of our approach are a logarithmic compression of image in space, differentiation of the logarithm of light intensity in space and time, detecting local expansion using a nearest-neighbor logical circuitry, and an automatic choosing of the contour for the time-to-crash estimation.
A lightweight privacy-preserving mutual authentication protocol for RFID systems (2011)

In this paper we propose a novel privacy-preserving mutual authentication protocol for RFID systems using the recently proposed ultra-lightweight cryptographic algorithm Hummingbird-2. The new protocol is resistant to the most common attacks against the security and privacy of RFID systems. Furthermore, we also address efficient implementation of the proposed protocol on a batteryless, MSP430-based WISP tag, and investigate the performance of the key search process on a laptop. Our experimental results demonstrate that the Hummingbird-2 mutual authentication protocol provides a highly effective and efficient security and privacy solution for low-cost passive RFID tags.
Trennung überlappender Multipletts im zweidimensionalen NMR‐Spektrum durch selektive„Injektion” von Magnetisierung (1992)

Eine „Arme‐Leute”︁‐Methode nennen die Autoren ihr Verfahren zur Trennung überlappender Kreuzpeakmultipletts in zweidimensionalen NMR‐Spektren. Dabei wird einer Soft‐COSY‐Pulssequenz ein homonuclearer Hartmann‐Hahn‐Kohärenztransfer vorgeschaltet, der beispielsweise die Selektion des Multipletts des trans ‐Isomers von 1 , R = CO 2 Et, R′ = Ph, aus den überlappenden Multipletts von cis – und trans ‐Isomer (siehe rechts) ermöglicht. magnified image
The sustainable materials roadmap (2022)

Abstract Over the past 150 years, our ability to produce and transform engineered materials has been responsible for our current high standards of living, especially in developed economies. However, we must carefully think of the effects our addiction to creating and using materials at this fast rate will have on the future generations. The way we currently make and use materials detrimentally affects the planet Earth, creating many severe environmental problems. It affects the next generations by putting in danger the future of the economy, energy, and climate. We are at the point where something must drastically change, and it must change now. We must create more sustainable materials alternatives using natural raw materials and inspiration from nature while making sure not to deplete important resources, i.e. in competition with the food chain supply. We must use less materials, eliminate the use of toxic materials and create a circular materials economy where reuse and recycle are priorities. We must develop sustainable methods for materials recycling and encourage design for disassembly. We must look across the whole materials life cycle from raw resources till end of life and apply thorough life cycle assessments (LCAs) based on reliable and relevant data to quantify sustainability. We need to seriously start thinking of where our future materials will come from and how could we track them, given that we are confronted with resource scarcity and geographical constrains. This is particularly important for the development of new and sustainable energy technologies, key to our transition to net zero. Currently ‘critical materials’ are central components of sustainable energy systems because they are the best performing. A few examples include the permanent magnets based on rare earth metals (Dy, Nd, Pr) used in wind turbines, Li and Co in Li-ion batteries, Pt and Ir in fuel cells and electrolysers, Si in solar cells just to mention a few. These materials are classified as ‘critical’ by the European Union and Department of Energy. Except in sustainable energy, materials are also key components in packaging, construction, and textile industry along with many other industrial sectors. This roadmap authored by prominent researchers working across disciplines in the very important field of sustainable materials is intended to highlight the outstanding issues that must be addressed and provide an insight into the pathways towards solving them adopted by the sustainable materials community. In compiling this roadmap, we hope to aid the development of the wider sustainable materials research community, providing a guide for academia, industry, government, and funding agencies in this critically important and rapidly developing research space which is key to future sustainability.
Femtosecond phase-transition in hard x-ray excited bismuth (2018)

The evolution of the bismuth crystal structure upon excitation of its A$_{1g}$ phonon has been intensely studied with short pulse optical lasers. Here we present the first-time observation of a hard x-ray induced ultrafast phase transition in a bismuth single crystal, at high intensities (~$10^{14}$ W/cm$^2$). The lattice evolution was followed using a recently demonstrated x-ray single-shot probing setup. The time evolution of the (111) Bragg peak intensity showed strong dependence on the excitation fluence. After exposure to a sufficiently intense x-ray pulse, the peak intensity dropped to zero within 300fs, i.e. faster than one oscillation period of the A1g mode at room temperature. Our analysis indicates a nonthermal origin of a lattice disordering process, and excludes interpretations based on electron-ion equilibration process, or on thermodynamic heating process leading to a plasma formation.
Cilkmem: Algorithms for Analyzing the Memory High-Water Mark of Fork-Join Parallel Programs (2019)

Software engineers designing recursive fork-join programs destined to run on massively parallel computing systems must be cognizant of how their program's memory requirements scale in a many-processor execution. Although tools exist for measuring memory usage during one particular execution of a parallel program, such tools cannot bound the worst-case memory usage over all possible parallel executions. This paper introduces Cilkmem, a tool that analyzes the execution of a deterministic Cilk program to determine its $p$-processor memory high-water mark (MHWM), which is the worst-case memory usage of the program over \emph{all possible} $p$-processor executions. Cilkmem employs two new algorithms for computing the $p$-processor MHWM. The first algorithm calculates the exact $p$-processor MHWM in $O(T_1 \cdot p)$ time, where $T_1$ is the total work of the program. The second algorithm solves, in $O(T_1)$ time, the approximate threshold problem, which asks, for a given memory threshold $M$, whether the $p$-processor MHWM exceeds $M/2$ or whether it is guaranteed to be less than $M$. Both algorithms are memory efficient, requiring $O(p \cdot D)$ and $O(D)$ space, respectively, where $D$ is the maximum call-stack depth of the program's execution on a single thread. Our empirical studies show that Cilkmem generally exhibits low overheads. Across ten application benchmarks from the Cilkbench suite, the exact algorithm incurs a geometric-mean multiplicative overhead of $1.54$ for $p=128$, whereas the approximation-threshold algorithm incurs an overhead of $1.36$ independent of $p$. In addition, we use Cilkmem to reveal and diagnose a previously unknown issue in a large image-alignment program contributing to unexpectedly high memory usage under parallel executions.
Particle-sorting by optical pattern of line shapes (2004)

In this paper, we propose an optical method for sorting micro-particles with holographic optical tweezers. By projecting an optical pattern onto the sample plane of a microscope via its objective, we can separate the sample particles of different sizes flowing to different directions.
Haplotype analysis in gelsoiin-related amyloidosis reveals independent origin of identical mutation (G654A) of gelsolin in Finland and Japan (1995)

Familial amyloidosis, Finnish type (FAF) (gelsolin-related amyloidosis) is an autosomal dominant form of systemic amyloidosis characterized by corneal lattice dystrophy and peripheral polyneuropathy. The accumulating protein in FAF consists of fragments of gelsolin, an actin-modulating protein. The gelsolin mutation G654A has been found in both Finnish and Japanese patients. To study the origin of the gelsolin mutation in these patients we performed haplotype analysis in 10 Finnish and 2 Japanese FAF families. Poymorphic DNA markers GSN, D9S103, AFMa061xd9, and AFMa139xb9 revealed a uniform disease haplotype in all the disease-associated chromosomes of the Finnish FAF families, which was different from the one observed in the Japanese families. The present results and the previously detected gelsolin mutation G654T in Czech and Danish FAF patients suggest that nucleotide 654 may represent a mutation hot spot in the gelsolin gene. The DNA markers studied here will be useful in future genealogical analyses of FAF.
Immune effector cell activity in canines: failure to demonstrate genetic restriction in direct antiviral cytotoxicity (1978)

Experiments were undertaken to establish whether the cytotoxic activity of canine immune effector cells against viral antigens was affected by the genotype of the target cell (genetic restriction). Puppies from three different breeds were infected with vaccinia virus, and the peripheral blood leukocytes were collected at various times for measurement of their cytotoxicity against autologous and heterologous vaccinia virus-infected and uninfected skin fibroblasts. In all cases cytotoxicity only occurred against virus-infected targets, and there was no consistent evidence of preferential killing of autologous targets. Several indirect approaches were used to demonstrate that direct, presumably T cell, cytotoxicity was being measured rather than antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity. On the basis of the evidence from cross mixed-lymphocyte assays and cell-mediated lympholysis assays, the dogs were shown not be be identical with respect to their histocompatibility antigens. The significance of our findings to the phenomenon of genetic restriction as observed for mouse-derived immune effector cells is briefly discussed.
Self terminating lateral-vertical hybrid super-junction FET that breaks RDS.A — Charge balance trade-off window (2018)

In this paper, we present a novel lateral/vertical hybrid super-junction structure that breaks the fundamental trade-off between the <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Rds.A</sub> and Charge imbalance window for a Super-Junction MOSFET. This device structure can continue the scaling of Superjunction MOSFET well below 10mΩ.cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> with good manufacturability window. Methods of scaling the Blocking Voltage and R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ds.A</sub> are also discussed for this hybrid device structure. This device structure also offers an optional drain electrode on the top surface, if needed for co-packaging with other chips.
Reelin Amplifies Glycoprotein VI Activation and AlphaIIb Beta3 Integrin Outside-In Signaling via PLC Gamma 2 and Rho GTPases (2020)

Our study identified a novel signaling pathway that involves reelin-induced GPVI activation and alphaIIb beta3 integrin outside-in signaling in platelets. Loss of both, GPVI and reelin, completely prevents stable arterial thrombus formation in vivo suggesting that inhibiting reelin-platelet-interaction might represent a novel strategy to avoid arterial thrombosis in cardiovascular disease.
Digital breast tomosynthesis guided near infrared spectroscopy: volumetric estimates of fibroglandular fraction and breast density from tomosynthesis reconstructions (2015)

A multimodality system combining a clinical prototype digital breast tomosynthesis with its imaging geometry modified to facilitate near-infrared spectroscopic imaging has been developed. The accuracy of parameters recovered from near-infrared spectroscopy is dependent on fibroglandular tissue content. Hence, in this study, volumetric estimates of fibroglandular tissue from tomosynthesis reconstructions were determined. A kernel-based fuzzy c-means algorithm was implemented to segment tomosynthesis reconstructed slices in order to estimate fibroglandular content and to provide anatomic priors for near-infrared spectroscopy. This algorithm was used to determine volumetric breast density (VBD), defined as the ratio of fibroglandular tissue volume to the total breast volume, expressed as percentage, from 62 tomosynthesis reconstructions of 34 study participants. For a subset of study participants who subsequently underwent mammography, VBD from mammography matched for subject, breast laterality and mammographic view was quantified using commercial software and statistically analyzed to determine if it differed from tomosynthesis. Summary statistics of the VBD from all study participants were compared with prior independent studies. The fibroglandular volume from tomosynthesis and mammography were not statistically different (<i>p</i>=0.211, paired t-test). After accounting for the compressed breast thickness, which were different between tomosynthesis and mammography, the VBD from tomosynthesis was correlated with (<i>r</i> =0.809, <i>p</i><0.001), did not statistically differ from (<i>p</i>>0.99, paired t-test), and was linearly related to, the VBD from mammography. Summary statistics of the VBD from tomosynthesis were not statistically different from prior studies using high-resolution dedicated breast computed tomography. The observation of correlation and linear association in VBD between mammography and tomosynthesis suggests that breast density associated risk measures determined for mammography are translatable to tomosynthesis. Accounting for compressed breast thickness is important when it differs between the two modalities. The fibroglandular volume from tomosynthesis reconstructions is similar to mammography indicating suitability for use during near-infrared spectroscopy.
Lossy Plus Lossless Residual Encoding (2009)

In most image transmission applications, the requirement of a short transmission time (and correspondingly low bit rate) often precludes the use of a numerically lossless compression algorithm at the outset. However, in certain applications, it may be necessary to send a lossless version of the image at some later stage of the transmission. Such an application might exist in the medical field, where two physicians are discussing a possible patient referral from remote locations. One of the physicians may wish to transmit a digital radiograph over the phone line, and in the interest of a short transmission time, a lossy (but high quality) version of the image is sent. If the referral is accepted, the remaining difference (residual) image required to perfectly reconstruct the original image could be sent, perhaps at the conclusion of the telephone conversation. In general, a lossy plus lossless residual encoding scheme consists of the following steps: - Generate a low bit rate image through the use of an efficient lossy compression scheme. - Form a residual by computing the difference between the lossy reconstruction and the original image. - Encode the residual using an appropriate lossless technique.
Inhibitory effect of a growth hormone receptor antagonist (G120K-PEG) on renal enlargement, glomerular hypertrophy, and urinary albumin excretion in experimental diabetes in mice. (1999)

Growth hormone (GH) and IGFs have a long and distinguished history in diabetes, with possible participation in the development of renal complications. To investigate the effect of a newly developed GH receptor (GHR) antagonist (G120K-PEG) on renal/glomerular hypertrophy and urinary albumin excretion (UAE), streptozotocin-induced diabetic and nondiabetic mice were injected with G120K-PEG every 2nd day for 28 days. Placebo-treated diabetic and nondiabetic animals were used as reference groups. Placebo-treated diabetic animals were characterized by growth retardation, hyperphagia, hyperglycemia, increased serum GH levels, reduced serum IGF-I, IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)-3, and liver IGF-I levels, increased kidney IGF-I, renal/glomerular hypertrophy, and increased UAE when compared with nondiabetic animals. No differences were seen between the two diabetic groups with respect to body weight, food intake, blood glucose, serum GH, IGF-I, and IGFBP-3 levels or hepatic IGF-I levels. Kidney IGF-I, kidney weight, and glomerular volume were normalized, while the rise in UAE was partially attenuated in the G120K-PEG-treated diabetic animals. No effect of G120K-PEG treatment on any of the parameters mentioned above was seen in nondiabetic animals. In conclusion, administration of a GHR antagonist in diabetic mice has renal effects without affecting metabolic control and circulating levels of GH, IGF-I, or IGFBP-3, thus indicating that the effect of G120K-PEG may be mediated through a direct inhibitory effect on renal IGF-I through the renal GHR. The present study suggests that specific GHR blockade may present a new concept in the treatment of diabetic kidney disease.