gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An NFC-CPT-Combined Coupler With Series- None Compensation for Metal-Cover Smartphone Applications (2020)

A near-field communication capacitive power transfer (NFC-CPT)-combined coupler with a series-none compensation topology is proposed for metal-cover smartphone applications. To achieve capacitive power transfer through metal cover, the metal cover itself is used as the receiving metal plates. To realize NFC through metal cover, the cross slot including a slim horizontal slot and a rectangular slot is embedded on the metal cover, which mitigates the eddy current loss and increases the inductive coupling for the NFC antenna. Besides, the cross slot divides the metal cover into two separate metal plates, which is necessary for capacitive power transfer. Considering the space limitation and safety requirement, no compensation components are integrated inside the smartphone and only a series inductance is integrated on the transmitter side. A prototype of the proposed NFC-CPT-combined coupler has been built. The wireless power transfer and NFC through metal cover have been validated through experiment. The experimental results show that the prototype achieves 5-W output power with a 93.5% circuit efficiency at 6.78 MHz, and the detection range of the NFC antenna is 61 mm.
Antibodies to Human Recombinant Tissue Transglutaminase Measured by Radioligand Assay: Evidence for High Diagnostic Sensitivity for Celiac Disease (1999)

Celiac disease is associated with endomysial antibodies (EmA), which have recently been reported to be directed to tissue transglutaminase (tTG). To demonstrate binding of antibodies to recombinant tTG, human tTG was cloned, expressed by in vitro transcription/translation and used to develop novel radioligand assays for combined and single detection of immunoglobulin A (IgA) and G (IgG)-specific antibodies. IgA and IgG-tTGA were found in 43 (95.6%) of 45 patients with newly-diagnosed celiac disease verified by biopsy. In addition, all 30 sera from patients with gastrointestinal symptoms and positive EmA were positive for IgA-tTGA, and all but one serum (96.7%) had antibodies of the IgG class. Receiver-operating characteristic analysis including 574 sera from healthy controls revealed a specificity of 99.5%. By means of these new assays, we identified all patients with endomysial antibodies and achieved, at equal specificity, an even improved sensitivity (95.6%) as compared to EmA (91.1%) detected by the standard immunofluorescence test. Here, we have provided direct evidence that recombinant tTG is a major target of antibodies in celiac disease. Our data suggest that tTGA measured by radioligand assay have the power to overcome the limitations of the EmA-test. This new strategy may considerably facilitate large-scale screening for silent and latent celiac disease.
Synthesis and antiviral evaluation of the 2′-C-methyl branched derivative of a nucleoside analog inhibitor of RNA viral infections, T-1106 (2011)

An example of a 2′- C -methyl branched nucleoside analogue bearing 3,4-dihydro-3-oxopyrazine-2-carboxamide as the base, namely 4-(2- C -methyl-β-D-ribofuranosyl)-3-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrazine-2-carboxamide, is reported. This compound was synthesized following a Vorbrüggen’s glycosylation procedure in a few steps. When evaluated in cell culture experiments against a broad range of viruses, this compound did not exhibit any significant antiviral effect or cytotoxicity.
Supramolecular morphology of two‐step, melt‐spun poly(lactic acid) fibers (2002)

Abstract Fibers of poly(lactic acid) produced by two‐step melt spinning have been studied. The morphology is elucidated with respect to the thermal and mechanical properties of fibers produced at cold‐draw ratios of 1–8. With atomic force microscopy and small‐angle X‐ray scattering, a fibrillar morphology is found, with microfibril diameters ranging from 30 to 60 nm. Shrinkage properties indicate that, with increasing draw ratio, the fibers undergo a transition from class 2 to class 1 within the classification proposed by Keller. A supramolecular model for the morphology of the fibers is presented that entails a highly oriented skin with a core consisting of microfibrils. The orientation of the crystalline blocks within the microfibrils is similar to what has been reported for nylon fibers. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 2828–2838, 2002
Direct Synthesis of a Photoactive Inorganic–Organic Mesostructured Hybrid Material and its Application as a Photocatalyst (2009)

A photoactive, hexagonally structured mesoporous material (Tyl-MCM41) is produced through co-hydrolysis of SiO(2) and a trialkoxysilane-functionalized trityl cation as photoactive species. The formation of the corresponding triphenylmethanol precursor in the material is confirmed by spectroscopic techniques. The hybrid material has an ordered structure with a narrow pore size distribution typical of ordered mesoporous MCM-41-type materials. The triarylcarbinol molecules incorporated into this hybrid structure (Triphol-MCM41) generate trityl cations under acidic conditions, which are photoactive and able to promote the photosensitized dimerization of 1,3-cyclohexadiene in a heterogeneous solid-liquid system. The material is stable and can be recycled without loss of the photochemical activity.
Vom Konzept zur Anwendung (2010)

Abstract Von Mikroorganismen produzierte Tenside finden erste Anwendungen. Ihr Vorteil: Sie sind nachhaltiger herzustellen als konventionelle Tenside aus fossilen oder nachwachsenden Rohstoffen.
The Gender Pain Gap: gender inequalities in pain across 19 European countries (2021)

Significant gender pain inequalities exist across Europe whereby women experience more pain than men. The extent of the gender pain gap varies by country. The gender pain gap is a public health concern and should be considered in future prevention and management strategies.
Selective Modulation of a Pan-Essential Protein as a Therapeutic Strategy in Cancer (2021)

Cancer dependency maps, which use CRISPR/Cas9 depletion screens to profile the landscape of genetic dependencies in hundreds of cancer cell lines, have identified context-specific dependencies that could be therapeutically exploited. An ideal therapy is both lethal and precise, but these depletion screens cannot readily distinguish between gene effects that are cytostatic or cytotoxic. Here, we use a diverse panel of functional genomic screening assays to identify <i>NXT1</i> as a selective and rapidly lethal <i>in vivo</i> relevant genetic dependency in <i>MYCN</i>-amplified neuroblastoma. NXT1 heterodimerizes with NXF1, and together they form the principal mRNA nuclear export machinery. We describe a previously unrecognized mechanism of synthetic lethality between NXT1 and its paralog NXT2: their common essential binding partner NXF1 is lost only in the absence of both. We propose a potential therapeutic strategy for tumor-selective elimination of a protein that, if targeted directly, is expected to cause widespread toxicity. SIGNIFICANCE: We provide a framework for identifying new therapeutic targets from functional genomic screens. We nominate NXT1 as a selective lethal target in neuroblastoma and propose a therapeutic approach where the essential protein NXF1 can be selectively eliminated in tumor cells by exploiting the NXT1-NXT2 paralog relationship.<i>See related commentary by Wang and Abdel-Wahab, p. 2129</i>.<i>This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 2113</i>.
Characterizing integration approaches: Identifying integration approach candidates for use in industrie 4.0 (2015)

Facing the current trends in the lifecycles of products and manufacturing systems flexibility and adaptability are of general interest. To make them applicable integration approaches are required. Within this paper an attempt towards the detailed characterization of integration approaches and integration approach types is made based on a literature survey. It is intended to enable an informed decision for the selection of research directions towards modern integration approaches as required in the Industrie 4.0 approach as well as to identify candidates within the field of existing integration approaches for further investigation.
Evaluation of the association between the common E469K polymorphism in the ICAM-1 gene and diabetic nephropathy among type 1 diabetic patients in GoKinD population (2008)

The present study provides further evidence that SNP rs5498(E469K) in the ICAM-1 gene presents a high heterozygous index and the allele G of this polymorphism may confers the decreased risk susceptibility to the development of DN in female T1D patients among the GoKinD population.
Supercritical CO2-philic nanoparticles suitable for determining the viability of carbon sequestration in shale (2015)

scCO<sub>2</sub>soluble nanoparticles were successfully prepared as tracers to assess CO<sub>2</sub>sequestration and oil recovery.
Quantum well intermixing for monolithic integration: A demonstration of novel widely-tunable 10Gb/s transmitters and wavelength converters (2004)

Wavelength-agile InGaAsP/InP photonic integrated circuits were fabricated using a quantum well intermixing processing platform. 10Gb/s operation was achieved with widely-tunable laser/modulator transmitters and optoelectronic wavelength converters in the 1550 nm range.
Photonic millimeter-wave/microwave signal generation and transmission techniques for a high-frequency radio interferometer and a very large antenna array (2011)

In the field of large scale radio interferometers, there is a growing need for the photonic highly-stable signal generation and distribution system. In order to maintain signal coherency of the distributed reference-frequency signal, we have developed a photonic millimeter-wave generator and a photonic transmission signal phase stabilizer to transmit a reference signal in the form of frequency difference between two coherent light waves.
Protein-based molecular contrast optical coherence tomography with phytochrome as the contrast agent (2004)

We report the use of phytochrome A (phyA), a plant protein that can reversibly switch between two states with different absorption maxima (at 660 and 730 nm), as a contrast agent for molecular contrast optical coherence tomography (MCOCT). Our MCOCT scheme builds up a difference image revealing the distribution of phyA within a target sample from pairs of consecutive OCT A-scans acquired at a probe wavelength of 750 nm, both with and without additional illumination of the target sample with 660-nm light. We demonstrate molecular imaging with this new MCOCT modality in a target sample containing a mixture of 0.2% Intralipid and 83 microM of phyA.
Dynamic Nuclear Polarization‐Enhanced Biomolecular NMR Spectroscopy at High Magnetic Field with Fast Magic‐Angle Spinning (2018)

Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) is a powerful way to overcome the sensitivity limitation of magic-angle-spinning (MAS) NMR experiments. However, the resolution of the DNP NMR spectra of proteins is compromised by severe line broadening associated with the necessity to perform experiments at cryogenic temperatures and in the presence of paramagnetic radicals. High-quality DNP-enhanced NMR spectra of the Acinetobacter phage 205 (AP205) nucleocapsid can be obtained by combining high magnetic field (800 MHz) and fast MAS (40 kHz). These conditions yield enhanced resolution and long coherence lifetimes allowing the acquisition of resolved 2D correlation spectra and of previously unfeasible scalar-based experiments. This enables the assignment of aromatic resonances of the AP205 coat protein and its packaged RNA, as well as the detection of long-range contacts, which are not observed at room temperature, opening new possibilities for structure determination.
Construction of a Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Mutant with Only a Three-Nucleotide Change in the Branchpoint Region of the Latency-Associated Transcript (LAT) and the Stability of Its Two-Kilobase LAT Intron (2004)

Previous studies using a eukaryotic expression system indicated that the unusual stability of the latency-associated transcript (LAT) intron was due to its nonconsensus branchpoint sequence (T.-T Wu, Y.-H. Su, T. M. Block, and J. M. Taylor, Virology, 243:140-149, 1998). The present study investigated the role of the branchpoint sequence in the stability of the intron expressed from the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) genome and the role of LAT intron stability in the HSV-1 life cycle. A branchpoint mutant called Sy2 and the corresponding rescued viruses, SyRA and SyRB, were constructed. To preserve the coding sequence of the immediate early gene icp0, which overlaps with the branchpoint region of the 2-kb LAT, a 3-nucleotide mutation into the branchpoint region of the 2-kb LAT was introduced, resulting in a branchpoint that is 85% identical to the consensus intron branchpoint sequence of eukaryotic cells. As anticipated, there was a 90- to 96-fold reduction in 2-kb LAT accumulation following productive infection in tissue culture and latent infection in mice with Sy2, as determined by Northern blot analysis. These results clearly suggest that the accumulation of the 2-kb intron in tissue culture and in vivo is, at least in part, due to the nonconsensus branchpoint sequence of the LAT intron. Interestingly, a failure to accumulate LAT was associated with greater progeny production of Sy2 at a low multiplicity of infection (0.01) in tissue culture, but not in mice. However, the ability of mutant Sy2 to reactivate from trigeminal ganglia (TG) derived from latently infected mice was indistinguishable from that of wild-type virus, as assayed in the mouse TG explant reactivation system.
Cool System scalable 3-D stacked heterogeneous Multi-Core / Multi-Chip architecture for ultra low-power digital TV applications (2012)

3-D Multi-Chip stacking is a promising technology to overcome the “memory wall”, “power wall”, “ILP wall”, and “utilization wall”. However, a chip to be stacked should be low-power enough to avoid heat issue. On the other hand, such system can benefit from its scalability, flexibility, short time-to-market, especially wide and short latency chip interconnect drives changes on microprocessor architecture. In this presentation, we introduce a scalable heterogeneous Multi-Core/Multi-Chip architecture that drastically reduced the operating clock frequency. Two chips will be shown that run at 50MHz for Digital TV applications, while the performance is comparable to 3GHz Core2Duo processor.
Discovery of genomic variation across a generation (2021)

Over the past 30 years (the timespan of a generation), advances in genomics technologies have revealed tremendous and unexpected variation in the human genome and have provided increasingly accurate answers to long-standing questions of how much genetic variation exists in human populations and to what degree the DNA complement changes between parents and offspring. Tracking the characteristics of these inherited and spontaneous (or de novo) variations has been the basis of the study of human genetic disease. From genome-wide microarray and next-generation sequencing scans, we now know that each human genome contains over 3 million single nucleotide variants when compared with the ~ 3 billion base pairs in the human reference genome, along with roughly an order of magnitude more DNA-approximately 30 megabase pairs (Mb)-being 'structurally variable', mostly in the form of indels and copy number changes. Additional large-scale variations include balanced inversions (average of 18 Mb) and complex, difficult-to-resolve alterations. Collectively, ~1% of an individual's genome will differ from the human reference sequence. When comparing across a generation, fewer than 100 new genetic variants are typically detected in the euchromatic portion of a child's genome. Driven by increasingly higher-resolution and higher-throughput sequencing technologies, newer and more accurate databases of genetic variation (for instance, more comprehensive structural variation data and phasing of combinations of variants along chromosomes) of worldwide populations will emerge to underpin the next era of discovery in human molecular genetics.
Co(ii)/Co(i) reduction-induced axial histidine-flipping in myoglobin reconstituted with a cobalt tetradehydrocorrin as a methionine synthase model (2014)

A conjugate between apomyoglobin and cobalt tetradehydrocorrin was prepared to replicate the coordination behavior of cob(I)alamin in methionine synthase. X-ray crystallography reveals that the tetra-coordinated Co(I) species is formed through the cleavage of the axial Co-His93 ligation after the reduction of the penta-coordinated Co(II) cofactor in the heme pocket.
Control of voluntary trunk movements in man. Mechanisms for postural equilibrium during standing. (1990)

The relatively large mass of the upper body and its elevated position in relation to the area of support during standing accentuate the importance of an accurate control of trunk movements for the maintenance of equilibrium. This fact has often been emphasized but never studied in detail. In this thesis the kinematics and motor patterns of simple voluntary trunk movements are investigated during standing. The analysis integrates neurophysiology and biomechanics using electromyographic (EMG) and optoelectronic techniques. Both the voluntary (primary movement) and the involuntary (associated postural adjustment) components of the movement are considered. The results demonstrate how the central nervous system (CNS) in its control of equilibrium utilizes biomechanical principles such as mechanical leverage of the different muscles and the interaction of active (muscle force) and passive forces (e.g. gravity and forces in stretched ligaments and/or muscles). Both primary and associated movements were found to be controlled by task specific and flexible muscle synergies which adapt to the mechanical demands of the situation. These task specific synergies were related to the amplitude, velocity and direction of the movement. Slow movements were often initiated through the action of gravity after a decrease or cessation of activity in postural muscles. Fast movements, however, were always initiated by a marked burst of activity in the agonist muscles. Significant relationships were observed between kinematical parameters (amplitude, duration and velocity) of fast trunk movements and temporal aspects of the EMG pattern. Multiple regression analysis indicated that the time to onset of muscle activity braking the ongoing trunk movement contained more information regarding the amplitude of the movement than did the duration of the initiating burst of activity in the prime mover. This supports the view that the initiating agonist burst is preprogrammed, whereas the braking antagonist burst may be influenced by peripheral feedback such as from muscle stretch receptors. In the early phase of a fast trunk flexion an unexpected flexion of the knees was observed. It is suggested that this knee flexion is a fast postural adjustment passively initiated as a mechanical consequence of the activation of muscles controlling the primary movement. This mechanism, which for anatomical reasons cannot act during an extension of the trunk, simplifies the feed-forward control of equilibrium during voluntary trunk flexion movements. For fast trunk extension movements a preactivation of ankle muscles occurred which resulted in a delay in the onset of the prime mover muscles when measured during a simple reaction time task.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Defining the Importance of Phosphatidylserine Synthase 2 in Mice (2002)

Phosphatidylserine synthase 1 (Pss1) and phosphatidylserine synthase 2 (Pss2) produce phosphatidylserine by exchanging serine for the head groups of other phospholipids. Pss1 and Pss2 are structurally similar (approximately 32% amino acid identity) but differ in their substrate specificities, with Pss1 using phosphatidylcholine for the serine exchange reaction and Pss2 using phosphatidylethanolamine. Whether Pss1 and Pss2 are both required for mammalian growth and development is not known, and no data exist on the relative contributions of the two enzymes to serine exchange activities in different tissues. To address those issues and also to define the cell type-specific expression of Pss2, we generated Pss2-deficient mice in which a beta-galactosidase marker is expressed from Pss2 regulatory sequences. Histologic studies of Pss2-deficient mice revealed very high levels of beta-galactosidase expression in Sertoli cells of the testis and high levels of expression in brown fat, neurons, and myometrium. The ability of testis extracts from Pss2-deficient mice to catalyze serine exchange was reduced by more than 95%; reductions of approximately 90% were noted in the brain and liver. However, we found no perturbations in the phospholipid content of any of these tissues. As judged by Northern blots, the expression of Pss1 was not up-regulated in Pss2-deficient cells and tissues. Testis weight was reduced in Pss2-deficient mice, and some of the male mice were infertile. We conclude that Pss2 is responsible for the majority of serine exchange activity in in vitro assays, but a deficiency in this enzyme does not cause perturbations in phospholipid content or severe developmental abnormalities.
The Synthesis and Properties of Fluoroterphenyls for High Dielectric Biaxiality Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Mixtures (1999)

Abstract A series of liquid crystalline terphenyls with three strategically located fluoro substituents has been synthesised and evaluated for a range of physical properties. Low temperature metallations were used to prepared arylboronic acids which were employed in selective palladium-catalysed cross-coupling reactions to generate the final liquid crystals. The syntheses are discussed as efficient routes to functional, multi-substituted liquid crystals. The trifluorot-erphenyls have low melting points and exhibit the smectic C phase to moderately high temperatures. The melting points, transition temperatures and mesophase morphology are discussed and compared with analogous difluoroterphenyls. The materials have been evaluated for a range of physical properties and enable the formulation of ferroelectric mixtures with a high dielectric biaxiality which is very important in τV minimum driving schemes.
A Low-Backpressure Single-Cell Point Constriction for Cytosolic Delivery Based on Rapid Membrane Deformations (2018)

Mechanically deforming biological cells through microfluidic constrictions is a recently introduced technique for the intracellular delivery of macromolecules possibly through transient membrane pores induced in the process. The technique is attractive for research and clinical applications mainly because it is simple, fast, and effective while being free of adverse effects often associated with well-known techniques that rely on field- or vector-based delivery. In this nascent approach, an utmost and crucial role is played by the constriction, often in rectangular profile, and it squeezes cells only in one dimension. The results achieved suggest that the longer the constriction is the higher the delivery performance. Contrary to this view, we demonstrate here a unique constriction profile that is highly localized (point) and yet returns comparably effective delivery. Point constrictions are of a semiround geometry, forcing cells in both dimensions while introducing very little backpressure to the system, which is a silicon-glass platform wherein constrictions are arranged in series along an array of channels. The influence of the constriction size and count as well as treatment pressure on delivery performance is presented on the basis of the flow-cytometric analyses of HCT116 cells treated using dextran as model molecules. Delivery performance is also presented for common mammalian cell lines including NIH 3T3, HEK293, and MDCK. Moreover, the versatility of the platform is demonstrated in gene knockdown experiments using synthetic siRNA as well as on the delivery of proteins. Target proteins in some cells exhibit nondiffusive distribution profile raising the plausibility of mechanisms other than transient membrane pores.