gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vertical and Horizontal Eye Displacement During Static Pitch and Roll Postures (1996)

The positions of both eyes were measured objectively in the dark following "look straight ahead" instructions for 16 subjects at 27 combinations of static pitch and roll postures over 360 degrees of space, using an infrared video technique. Shifts in vertical version, or the doll reflex, varied sinusoidally with pitch and roll angle. At 0 degree roll, the average response has a peak-to-trough amplitude of 9.28 degrees and is symmetric about a downward eye position of 4.63 degrees. The proposed Dual Otolith Model (DOM), based on a combination of utricular and saccular inputs, provided excellent fits to the present data (R2 = 0.876) and to the data of previous studies (R2 = 0.916 to 0.994). Deviations in horizontal version varied sinusoidally with roll angle, with no significant effect of pitch angle. In general, clockwise (right-ear-down) rolls produced rightward eye movements, and counterclockwise (left-ear-down) rolls produced leftward eye movements. The average versions were symmetric about a leftward eye position of 1.14 degrees, with a peak-to-trough amplitude of 3.76 degrees. The data were well represented by the proposed Horizontal Version Model (HVM; R2 = 0.796), which depended only on utricular input.
Predictive control using feedback linearization based on dynamic neural models (2007)

This paper presents a hybrid control strategy integrating dynamic neural networks and feedback linearization into a predictive control scheme. Feedback linearization is an important nonlinear control technique which transforms a nonlinear system into a linear system using nonlinear transformations and a model of the plant. In this work, empirical models based on dynamic neural networks have been employed. Dynamic neural networks are mathematical structures described by differential equations, which can be trained to approximate general nonlinear systems. A case study based on a mixing process is presented.
Domino ‘‘chain reaction’’ (1983)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Lorne A. Whitehead; Domino ‘‘chain reaction’’. Am. J. Phys. 1 February 1983; 51 (2): 182. https://doi.org/10.1119/1.13456 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAmerican Association of Physics TeachersAmerican Journal of Physics Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
ChemInform Abstract: THE SYNTHESIS OF 2,5‐DIHYDROFURANS FROM α‐ALLENIC ALCOHOLS (1980)

Abstract Aus den Allen‐carbinolen (I) entstehen mit Phenylselenylchlorid (II) die Dihydrofurane (III).
Fine-grain dynamic instruction placement for L0 scratch-pad memory (2010)

We present a fine-grain dynamic instruction placement algorithm for small L0 scratch-pad memories (SPMs), whose unit of transfer can be an individual instruction. Our algorithm captures a large fraction of instruction reuse missed by coarse-grain placement algorithms whose unit of transfer is restricted to loops or functions within the capacity of SPMs. Evaluation of L0 SPMs with our fine-grain algorithm in 17 applications shows that the energy consumed by instruction storage hierarchy is reduced by 38% and 31% compared to that of L0 instruction caches and L0 SPMs with an ideal coarse-grain algorithm, respectively.
First performance results of the ASML alpha demo tool (2006)

The ASML EUV alpha demo tool is operational! The alpha demo tool is a 0.25NA fully functional lithography tool with a field size of 26×33 mm<sup>2</sup>, enabling process development at the 40-nm technology node. In this paper we describe the tool performance, show that vacuum is achieved in a few hours, and demonstrate that our optics contamination strategy mitigates degradation of the optics. Additional data shows the Sn source cost-of-ownership to be comparable to state-of-the-art ArF source systems, by implementing a collector contamination mitigation strategy that includes cleaning. And, we present our first 35-nm dense lines and spaces (half pitch) resist images.
Bibliography (2015)

No AccessThe Effects of Silica Nanoparticles in Toughened Epoxy Resins and Fiber-Reinforced Composites (Print-on-Demand)Dec 2015BibliographyStephan SprengerStephan Sprengerhttps://doi.org/10.3139/9781569906286.005SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to FavoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsCopy LTI LinkPDF key 'share (en)' returned an object instead of string.FacebookTwitterEmailLinkedIn previous chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2015Pages: 163-177Print ISBN: 978-1-56990-627-9eISBN: 978-1-56990-628-6 Copyright & Permissions© 2016 Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KGPDF downloadLoading ...
<title>System integration and performance of the EUV engineering test stand</title> (2001)

The Engineering Test Stand (ETS) is a developmental lithography tool designed to demonstrate full-field EUV imaging and provide data for commercial-tool development. In the first phase of integration, currently in progress, the ETS is configured using a developmental projection system, while fabrication of an improved projection system proceeds in parallel. The optics in the second projection system have been fabricated to tighter specifications for improved resolution and reduced flare. The projection system is a 4-mirror, 4x-reduction, ring-field design having a numeral aperture of 0.1, which supports 70 nm resolution at a k<SUB>1</SUB> of 0.52. The illuminator produces 13.4 nm radiation from a laser-produced plasma, directs the radiation onto an arc-shaped field of view, and provides an effective fill factor at the pupil plane of 0.7. The ETS is designed for full-field images in step-and-scan mode using vacuum-compatible, magnetically levitated, scanning stages. This paper describes system performance observed during the first phase of integration, including static resist images of 100 nm isolated and dense features.
Lipospermine-Based Gene Transfer into the Newborn Mouse Brain Is Optimized by a Low Lipospermine/DNA Charge Ratio (1995)

Nonviral, plasmid-based gene transfer into somatic tissues offers the prospect of various simple and safe therapeutic possibilities as well as applications in fundamental research. Although cationic lipids display efficient transfection activities in many in vitro systems, only low success rates using these vectors in vivo have been reported. We succeeded in defining conditions providing high levels of in vivo transfection in the brains of newborn mice. Our hypothesis was that conditions favorable for in vitro transfection (highly positively charged particles) were unlikely to be appropriate for in vivo conditions. When using the cationic lipid dioctadecylamido glycylspermine (Transfectam, DOGS) with a cytomegalovirus (CMV)-luciferase reporter gene, the best levels of transfection were obtained when using a low ratio of positive charges (supplied by the DOGS) to negative charges (carried by the DNA). Moreover, addition of the neutral lipid dioleoylphosphatidyl ethanolamine (DOPE) significantly enhanced transfection. Expression of the transgene diminished over time, independently of lipopolysaccharide content of the plasmid preparation used. This suggests that either a mitotic population of cells was preferentially transfected, or that promoter silencing was occurring. Histological examination of the spatial distribution of a beta-galactosidase-expressing transgene showed numerous groups of transfected cells both within the striatal parenchyma and in the paraventricular area. Thus, DNA-lipid complexes bearing overall charges close to neutrality open promising possibilities for modulating gene expression in the developing central nervous system and for therapy in the brain.
Perineural spread of peripheral neurolymphomatosis to the cauda equina (2021)

The authors propose that perineural spread of extraspinal NL to infiltrate the cauda equina occurs in two phases. 1) There is proximal and distal spread along a peripheral nerve, with eventual spread to anatomically connected nerves via junction and branch points. 2) The tumor cells enter the spinal canal through corresponding neural foramina and propagate along the spinal nerves composing the cauda equina. To diffusely infiltrate the cauda equina, a third phase occurs in which tumor cells can spread circumdurally to the opposite side of the spinal canal and enter contralateral nerve roots extending proximally and distally. This spread of disease can lead to diffuse bilateral spinal nerve disease without diffuse leptomeningeal spread. Recognition of this phasic mechanism can lead to identification of safer extraspinal biopsy targets that could allow for greater functional recovery after appropriate treatment.
Statistical Learning of Origin-Specific Statically Optimal Individualized Treatment Rules (2007)

Consider a longitudinal observational or controlled study in which one collects chronological data over time on a random sample of subjects. The time-dependent process one observes on each subject contains time-dependent covariates, time-dependent treatment actions, and an outcome process or single final outcome of interest. A statically optimal individualized treatment rule (as introduced in van der Laan et. al. (2005), Petersen et. al. (2007)) is a treatment rule which at any point in time conditions on a user-supplied subset of the past, computes the future static treatment regimen that maximizes a (conditional) mean future outcome of interest, and applies the first treatment action of the latter regimen. In particular, Petersen et. al. (2007) clarified that, in order to be statically optimal, an individualized treatment rule should not depend on the observed treatment mechanism. Petersen et. al. (2007) further developed estimators of statically optimal individualized treatment rules based on a past capturing all confounding of past treatment history on outcome. In practice, however, one typically wishes to find individualized treatment rules responding to a user-supplied subset of the complete observed history, which may not be sufficient to capture all confounding. The current article provides an important advance on Petersen et. al. (2007) by developing locally efficient double robust estimators of statically optimal individualized treatment rules responding to such a user-supplied subset of the past. However, failure to capture all confounding comes at a price; the static optimality of the resulting rules becomes origin-specific. We explain origin-specific static optimality, and discuss the practical importance of the proposed methodology. We further present the results of a data analysis in which we estimate a statically optimal rule for switching antiretroviral therapy among patients infected with resistant HIV virus.
Rapid quantum image scanning microscopy by joint sparse reconstruction (2019)

The evolution of experimental superresolution microscopy has been accompanied by the development of advanced computational imaging capabilities. Recently introduced, quantum image scanning microscopy (Q-ISM) has successfully harnessed quantum correlations of light to establish an improved viable imaging modality that builds upon the preceding image scanning microscopy (ISM) superresolution method. While offering improved resolution, at present the inherently weak signal demands exhaustively long acquisition periods. Here we exploit the fact that the correlation measurement in Q-ISM is complementary to the standard ISM data, acquired simultaneously, and demonstrate joint sparse recovery from Q-ISM and ISM images. Reconstructions from images of fluorescent quantum dots are validated through correlative electron microscope measurements, and exhibit superior resolution enhancement as compared to Q-ISM images. In addition, the algorithmic fusion facilitates a drastic reduction in the requisite measurement duration, since low signal-to-noise-ratio Q-ISM measurements suffice for augmenting ISM images. Finally, we obtain enhanced superresolved reconstructions from short scans of a biological sample labeled with quantum dots, demonstrating the potential of our method for quantum imaging in life science microscopy.
Pheochromocytomas and pituitary adenomas in three patients with MAX exon deletions (2018)

peer reviewed
Skin Friction Predictions over a Hovering Tilt-Rotor Blade Using OVERFLOW2 (2011)

Skin friction predictions on hovering XV-15 helicopter blades have been made with the OVERFLOW2 flow solver using the Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model. The Figure of Merit (FM) at the 10-degree collective pitch is predicted reasonably and that at the 3-degree collective pitch is slightly under-predicted in comparison with experimental data. The trend in the skin friction predictions at the 10-degree collective pitch in the fully turbulent region is in reasonable agreement with the experimental data at radial stations removed from the root. At the 3-degree collective pitch the agreement in the fully turbulent region is about the same as in the 10-degree case. In the transition region, however, the predictions deviate significantly from the experimental data. By modulating the turbulence viscosity ap rioriin the experimentally known transition zone in various ways, OVERFLOW2 predicted a measurable change in the behavior of skin friction over the blade, especially in the transition region. This change was observed to be significant for the 3-degree collective pitch.
An RNA vaccine drives expansion and efficacy of claudin-CAR-T cells against solid tumors (2020)

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells have shown efficacy in patients with B cell malignancies. Yet, their application for solid tumors has challenges that include limited cancer-specific targets and nonpersistence of adoptively transferred CAR-T cells. Here, we introduce the developmentally regulated tight junction protein claudin 6 (CLDN6) as a CAR target in solid tumors and a strategy to overcome inefficient CAR-T cell stimulation in vivo. We demonstrate that a nanoparticulate RNA vaccine, designed for body-wide delivery of the CAR antigen into lymphoid compartments, stimulates adoptively transferred CAR-T cells. Presentation of the natively folded target on resident antigen-presenting cells promotes cognate and selective expansion of CAR-T cells. Improved engraftment of CAR-T cells and regression of large tumors in difficult-to-treat mouse models was achieved at subtherapeutic CAR-T cell doses.
Whole Grape Intake Impacts Cardiac Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor and Nuclear Factor κB Activity and Cytokine Expression in Rats With Diastolic Dysfunction (2010)

Prolonged hypertension is the leading cause of heart failure. Failing hearts show reduced peroxisome proliferator-activating receptor (PPAR) activity and enhanced nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) activity, which together modify cardiac inflammation and fibrosis. In vitro studies suggest that phytochemicals alter PPAR and NF-kappaB activity, but the capabilities of a phytochemical-rich diet are less understood. Grapes contain an array of commonly consumed dietary phytochemicals. In Dahl salt-sensitive hypertensive rats, we showed previously that dietary provision of whole table grape powder (3% weight:weight) for 18 weeks reduced blood pressure, cardiac hypertrophy, and diastolic dysfunction. The hypothesis tested here is that, in this model, phytochemical provision from whole grape powder impacts cardiac PPAR and NF-kappaB activity and their related gene transcripts. Grape-fed rats had enhanced PPAR-alpha and PPAR-gamma DNA binding activity but reduced NF-kappaB DNA binding activity. RT-PCR revealed that grape-fed rats showed upregulated mRNA for PPAR-alpha, PPAR-gamma coactivator-1alpha, PPAR-gamma, and the cytosolic NF-kappaB inhibitor, inhibitor-kappaBalpha. By contrast, grape-fed rats showed downregulated mRNA for tumor necrosis factor-alpha and transforming growth factor-beta1. Finally, grape-fed rats showed significantly reduced cardiac tumor necrosis factor-alpha and transforming growth factor-beta protein expression, increased inhibitor-kappaBalpha expression, and reduced cardiac fibrosis. In the Dahl salt-sensitive rat, chronic intake of grapes altered cardiac transcripts related to PPAR and NF-kappaB that may be significant to the observed diet-associated cardioprotection.
Parkin Protects against Mitochondrial Toxins and β-Amyloid Accumulation in Skeletal Muscle Cells (2006)

Mutations in the ubiquitin ligase-encoding Parkin gene have been implicated in the pathogenesis of autosomal recessive Parkinson disease. Outside of the central nervous system, Parkin is prominently expressed in skeletal muscle. We have found accumulations of Parkin protein in skeletal muscle biopsies taken from patients with inclusion body myositis, a degenerative disorder in which intramyofiber accumulations of the beta-amyloid peptide are pathognomonic. In comparing primary cultures of skeletal muscle derived from parkin knock-out and wild-type mice, we have found the absence of parkin to result in greater sensitivity to mitochondrial stressors rotenone and carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone, without any alteration in sensitivity to calcium ionophore or hydrogen peroxide. Utilizing viral expression constructs coding for the Alzheimer disease and inclusion body myositis-linked beta-amyloid precursor protein and for its metabolic byproducts A beta42 and C100, we found that parkin knock-out muscle cells are also more sensitive to the toxic effects of intracellular A beta. We also constructed a lentiviral system to overexpress wild-type Parkin and have shown that boosting the levels of parkin expression in normal skeletal muscle cultures provides substantial protection against both mitochondrial toxins and overexpressed beta-amyloid. Correspondingly, exogenous Parkin significantly lowered A beta levels. These data support the hypothesis that in myocytes parkin has dual properties in the maintenance of skeletal muscle mitochondrial homeostasis and in the regulation of A beta levels.
Assessment of lesions on magnetic resonance imaging in multiple sclerosis: practical guidelines (2019)

MRI has improved the diagnostic work-up of multiple sclerosis, but inappropriate image interpretation and application of MRI diagnostic criteria contribute to misdiagnosis. Some diseases, now recognized as conditions distinct from multiple sclerosis, may satisfy the MRI criteria for multiple sclerosis (e.g. neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders, Susac syndrome), thus making the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis more challenging, especially if biomarker testing (such as serum anti-AQP4 antibodies) is not informative. Improvements in MRI technology contribute and promise to better define the typical features of multiple sclerosis lesions (e.g. juxtacortical and periventricular location, cortical involvement). Greater understanding of some key aspects of multiple sclerosis pathobiology has allowed the identification of characteristics more specific to multiple sclerosis (e.g. central vein sign, subpial demyelination and lesional rims), which are not included in the current multiple sclerosis diagnostic criteria. In this review, we provide the clinicians and researchers with a practical guide to enhance the proper recognition of multiple sclerosis lesions, including a thorough definition and illustration of typical MRI features, as well as a discussion of red flags suggestive of alternative diagnoses. We also discuss the possible place of emerging qualitative features of lesions which may become important in the near future.
Control of Biofilm at the Tooth‐Restoration Bonding Interface: A Question for Antibacterial Monomers? A Critical Review (2018)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Tooth-Restoration Bonding Interface Failure: The Bacterial Factor Mechanism of Adhesive-Bacteria Interaction Current Antibacterial Approaches via Components of Tooth/Restoration Interface Bonding Materials (Dental Primers and Adhesives) Incorporation of Quaternary Ammonium-Based Monomers and its Impact on the Mechanical Properties Long-Lasting Antibacterial Activity Biocompatibility Limitations Prospects Summary
iGUVs: Preparing Giant Unilamellar Vesicles with a Smartphone and Lipids Easily Extracted from Chicken Eggs (2017)

Since the first report of electroformed micrometer-sized liposomes in the 1980s, giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) have generated a lot of interest in the biophysical and biochemical communities. However, their penetration rate in high school or at the undergraduate level is still limited because of the requirement of specialized materials for their fabrication. The main objective of this article is to translate the manufacture of these interesting microsystems from highly specialized research laboratories to general chemistry or biology laboratories with the help of everyday objects. Vesicles are made of lipids, which can easily be extracted from chicken eggs. Once obtained, the lipids can be reassembled to form giant vesicular structures in a sugar/aqueous medium by using a do-it-yourself electroformation device. For that, the homemade electroformation chamber is plugged into the audio output of a smartphone or a tablet, which generates audio signals with variable amplitude and frequency. These GUVs prepared with a smart device (iGUVs) are then resuspended into a salt solution for their visualization under a simple microscope. iGUVs bring the opportunity to teachers to stimulate scientific discussion from a wide variety of scientific disciplines such as colloidal chemistry, biophysical chemistry, statistics and cell biology.
Assessing the friction properties of synovial joint lubrication by tracking pendulum motion (2022)

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common degenerative joint disease. In the advanced stages of OA, patients suffer from severe pain, functional limitations in the affected joints, and restriction of mobility. In the animal test to develop therapeutic agents of intra-articular injection for knee OA, it is important to understand the functional properties of synovial joints, and to establish precise measurement techniques. The pendulum test can mechanically evaluate the friction properties of joints. In this study, the frictional properties of the synovial joint were measured using a novel system based on the equation of motion for pendulum joint motion. It was hypothesized that the motion during the pendulum test included rotation motion and translation motion and that the instantaneous center of rotation changes occurred. It was also hypothesized that the coefficient of friction would fluctuate within one cycle in response to changes in the instantaneous center of rotation. To test these hypotheses, the motion of a rabbit knee joint was measured using a pendulum test with three laser displacement sensors, and the instantaneous center of rotation was calculated. It considered the fluctuation of the instantaneous center of rotation and measured the fluctuation of the coefficient of friction in one cycle using a novel calculation method. The trajectory of the instantaneous center of rotation was obtained, and changes in the motion phase were observed. The coefficients of friction were not uniform but were dependent on the phase of the joint motion. The coefficients of friction fluctuated significantly with a cycle of half of the joint motion.