gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Karyotypic heterogeneity and its relation to labeling index in interphase breast tumor cells (1995)

We have used fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with chromosome-specific probes and immunofluorescent detection of in vivo bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) incorporation to evaluate simultaneously numerical chromosome aberrations and proliferative activity of breast cancers. The number of distinct hybridization domains specific for repetitive pericentromeric sequences on chromosomes 1, 7, 11, 15, 17, and X was used as an indicator of copy number of these chromosomes in interphase tumor cells from 23 human breast cancers. Every tumor analyzed showed a heterogeneous distribution of copy number for at least one chromosome type. The copy number distribution for different chromosomes within a tumor frequently showed differing patterns. Major cell populations showing monosomy were relatively rare, occurring only in five cases for chromosome 17, once for chromosome 1, and once for chromosome 15. Flow cytometric analysis of DNA ploidy correlated well with FISH analysis, although flow cytometry failed to detect aneuploidy when only a few chromosomes were affected. To determine whether cell populations with different chromosomal copy numbers have identical proliferation characteristics in vivo, BrdUrd incorporation and centromeric copy number were detected simultaneously. Comparison of the chromosome copy number distribution in BrdUrd-positive cells vs. the distribution of the entire cell population showed different distributions in seven of the 20 cases analyzed. This study demonstrates the common occurrence of chromosome copy number heterogeneity and suggests that a cell phenotype (proliferation) may be associated with genotypic subpopulations.
Highly Excited Hydrogen in Strong D.C. Electric Fields: Atomic Engineering (1988)

Abstract We excite atomic hydrogen from the ground state via a three-photon process to high-lying excited states in the presence of strong d.c. electric fields. The external field is used to manipulate, control, and design specific atomic structures. We can construct nearly ‘one-dimensional’ atoms whose electronic distributions are highly extended along the field, and which may have enormous electric dipole moments (‘giant-dipole atoms’).
Intravascular ultrasound catheter to enhance microbubble-based drug delivery via acoustic radiation force (2012)

Previous research has demonstrated that acoustic radiation force enhances intravascular microbubble adhesion to blood vessels in the presence of flow for moleculartargeted ultrasound imaging and drug delivery. A prototype acoustic radiation force intravascular ultrasound (ARFIVUS) catheter was designed and fabricated to displace a microbubble contrast agent in flow representative of conditions encountered in the human carotid artery. The prototype ARFIVUS transducer was designed to match the resonance frequency of 1.4- to 2.6-μm-diameter microbubbles modeled by an experimentally verified 1-D microbubble acoustic radiation force translation model. The transducer element was an elongated Navy Type I (hard) lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramic designed to operate at 3 MHz. Fabricated devices operated with center frequencies of 3.3 and 3.6 MHz with -6-dB fractional bandwidths of 55% and 50%, respectively. Microbubble translation velocities as high as 0.86 m/s were measured using a high-speed streak camera when insonating with the ARFIVUS transducer. Finally, the prototype was used to displace microbubbles in a flow phantom while imaging with a commercial 45-MHz imaging IVUS transducer. A sustained increase of 31 dB in average video intensity was measured following insonation with the ARFIVUS, indicating microbubble accumulation resulting from the application of acoustic radiation force.
Development of a Group Contribution Method To Predict Aqueous Phase Hydroxyl Radical (HO•) Reaction Rate Constants (2009)

The hydroxyl radical (HO*) is a strong oxidant that reacts with electron-rich sites of organic compounds and initiates complex chain mechanisms. In order to help understand the reaction mechanisms, a rule-based model was previously developed to predict the reaction pathways. For a kinetic model, there is a need to develop a rate constant estimator that predicts the rate constants for a variety of organic compounds. In this study, a group contribution method (GCM) is developed to predict the aqueous phase HO* rate constants for the following reaction mechanisms: (1) H-atom abstraction, (2) HO* addition to alkenes, (3) HO* addition to aromatic compounds, and (4) HO* interaction with sulfur (S)-, nitrogen (N)-, or phosphorus (P)-atom-containing compounds. The GCM hypothesizes that an observed experimental rate constant for a given organic compound is the combined rate of all elementary reactions involving HO*, which can be estimated using the Arrhenius activation energy, E(a), and temperature. Each E(a) for those elementary reactions can be comprised of two parts: (1) a base part that includes a reactive bond in each reaction mechanism and (2) contributions from its neighboring functional groups. The GCM includes 66 group rate constants and 80 group contribution factors, which characterize each HO* reaction mechanism with steric effects of the chemical structure groups and impacts of the neighboring functional groups, respectively. Literature-reported experimental HO* rate constants for 310 and 124 compounds were used for calibration and prediction, respectively. The genetic algorithms were used to determine the group rate constants and group contribution factors. The group contribution factors for H-atom abstraction and HO* addition to the aromatic compounds were found to linearly correlate with the Taft constants, sigma*, and electrophilic substituent parameters, sigma+, respectively. The best calibrations for 83% (257 rate constants) and predictions for 62% (77 rate constants) of the rate constants were within 0.5-2 times the experimental values. This accuracy may be acceptable for model predictions of the advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) performance, depending on how sensitive the model is to the rate constants.
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase), MAP kinase kinase and c-Mos stimulate glucose transport in Xenopus oocytes (1993)

Mitogens and growth factors acutely stimulate glucose transport in all cells to supply energy for their growth and division, but little is known about the signalling mechanism by which these agonists promote sugar uptake. Here we show that the transport of deoxyglucose and 3-O-methylglucose into Xenopus laevis oocytes is stimulated about 2.5-fold when mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase) is microinjected into these oocytes. We also demonstrate that microinjection of the proto-oncogene product c-Mos (an activator of MAP kinase kinase, which activates MAP kinase in Xenopus oocytes), and purified MAP kinase kinase produce similar increases in deoxyglucose transport. Since the activation of MAP kinase is a general response to almost all mitogens and growth factors, we propose that one of its downstream effects is the stimulation of glucose-transport activity.
Voir Dire: Is There a Consitutional Right of Access (1983)

The United States Supreme Court has ruled upon the public's constitutional right to attend criminal trials in Richmond Newspapers, Inc. v. Virginia, and the right to attend preliminary hearings in Gannett Co. v. DePasquale. This note analyzes whether there is a constitutional right of access to voir dire. The note explores the distinction between trial and pretrial events and the historical practice and structural purpose of voir dire. The author suggests that voir dire be considered under the Gannett analysis. Accordingly, the author concludes that there is no constitutionally guaranteed right to attend voir dire.
Optical sensors: from micro to nano and beyond (2012)

The unique transmission properties of micro- and nanostructured materials, combined with mature fiber-optics technology, enable novel ultra-compact, multifunctional sensor arrays.
Anti-Reflection Structures on Lenses by Nanoimprinting Using Ordered Anodic Porous Alumina (2009)

Anti-reflection (AR) structures composed of an ordered array of tapered pillars were formed on the surfaces of two types of lens, microlens and Fresnel lens, through the nanoimprinting of polymer using molds prepared from anodic porous alumina. The use of anodic porous alumina for the preparation of mold for nanoimprinting allows the formation of AR structures on the curved surface of the lens, and could effectively suppress the reflectance of incident light. The process enables the high-throughput production of polymer lenses with AR structures and will be useful for the preparation of various types of functional optical devices.
The effect of burner orientation on the convective heat transfer rate in a round furnace (1998)

Top-charged round furnaces are advantageously used for remelting aluminium scrap of various size and shape. There are no detailed data available about the effect of the number and orientation of burners on the heat transfer between flame and charge. It has been generally assumed that a rotational flow pattern improves the uniformity of residence time and intensifies heat transfer. The effect of burner orientation on the flow pattern and residence time was analyzed earlier in several cold flow studies. The so-called heated skin technique was also developed to determine the convective heat transfer coefficients. This paper presents the results of an analysis aimed at determining the influence of changing the tangential velocity component in the furnace systematically. The average heat transfer coefficients along the horizontal surface of the molten metal bath are presented in dimensionless form. The burner angle settings varied from the radial-centerward pattern (0 degree) to 15degrees. The average Nusselt number data are correlated with the flow pattern observations and velocity profile measurements. © 1998Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. Résumé Les fourneaux ronds chargés par le haut sont utilisés avantageusement pour la refonte des rebuts d'aluminium de toute taille et forme. Il n'y a pas de données détaillées disponibles sur l'effet du nombre et de l'orientation des bruleurs sue le transfert de chaleur entre la flamme et la charge. On assume en général qu'un patron d'écoulement rotatoire améliore I'uniformité du temps de résidence et intensifie le transfert de chaleur. L'effet de l'orientation du bruleur sur le patron d'ecoulement et le temps de residence a ete analyse plus tot dans plusieurs etudes d'ecoulement froid. On a aussi développé la technique appelée de l'enveloppe chauffée pour déterminer les coefficients de transfert de chaleur par convection. Ce document présente les résultats d'une analyse visant a determiner systématiquement l'influence dans le fourneau du changement de la composante tangentielle de la vélocité. On présente sous forme sans dimension les coefficients moyens de transfert de chaleur au long de la surface horizontale du bain de métal fondu. L'ajustement de l'angle du bruleur variait d'un patron radial-centre (0 degré) a 15 degres. Les données moyennes du nombre de Nusselt sont correlees avec les observations du patron d'ecoulement et les mesures de profil de vitesse. © 1998 Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Protected Chloroethyl and Chloropropyl Amines as Conformationally Unrestricted Annulating Reagents (2017)

The purpose of this letter is to document the use of protected chloroethyl and chloropropyl amines as conformationally unrestricted ambiphilic reagents that undergo annulation reactions with Michael acceptors. This reaction is wide in scope and utilizes reagents that are commercially available, inexpensive, and stable. Furthermore, this reaction is easy to execute and proceeds rapidly.
A resonance Raman/iodine Moessbauer investigation of the starch-iodine structure. Aqueous solution and iodine vapor preparations (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA resonance Raman/iodine Moessbauer investigation of the starch-iodine structure. Aqueous solution and iodine vapor preparationsRobert C. Teitelbaum, Stanley L. Ruby, and Tobin J. MarksCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 10, 3322–3328Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00530a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00530a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1166Altmetric-Citations149LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Chromosome sublocalization of a cDNA for human DNA polymerase-β to 8p11→p12 (1988)

We have localized a cDNA fragment that codes for human DNA polymerase-beta. Using somatic cell and in situ hybridization techniques, this cDNA was cloned by screening a human KM-3 cell cDNA library in lambda gt 11 for expression of fused beta-galactosidase-human DNA polymerase-beta proteins. We have mapped this human polymerase-beta gene to the short arm of chromosome 8 in the subregion 8p11----p12.
One‐Step Low‐Temperature Route for the Preparation of Electrochemically Active LiMnPO4 Powders. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
NDI and DAN DNA: Nucleic Acid-Directed Assembly of NDI and DAN (2014)

Two novel DNA base surrogate phosphoramidites 1 and 2, based upon relatively electron-rich 1,5-dialkoxynaphthalene (DAN) and relatively electron-deficient 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic diimide (NDI), respectively, were designed, synthesized, and incorporated into DNA oligonucleotide strands. The DAN and NDI artificial DNA bases were inserted within a three-base-pair region within the interior of a 12-mer oligonucleotide duplex in various sequential arrangements and investigated with CD spectroscopy and UV melting curve analysis. The CD spectra of the modified duplexes indicated B-form DNA topology. Melting curve analyses revealed trends in DNA duplex stability that correlate with the known association of DAN and NDI moieties in aqueous solution as well as the known favorable interactions between NDI and natural DNA base pairs. This demonstrates that DNA duplex stability and specificity can be driven by the electrostatic complementarity between DAN and NDI. In the most favorable case, an NDI-DAN-NDI arrangement in the middle of the DNA duplex was found to be approximately as stabilizing as three A-T base pairs.
Borjeson-Forssman-Lehmann Syndrome and Multiple Pituitary Hormone Deficiency (2003)

We describe two brothers with Borjeson-Forssman-Lehmann syndrome and the 22A-->T (Lys8X) PHF6 mutation, who presented with the symptoms and signs of multiple pituitary hormone deficiency. Biochemical investigations and radiology confirmed growth hormone (GH), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) as well as gonadotrophin deficiency. They were also found to have optic nerve hypoplasia. This family suggests that the BFL gene product may play an important role in midline neuro-development including the hypothalamo-pituitary axis.
Structure-Based Design of Macrocyclic Coagulation Factor VIIa Inhibitors (2015)

On the basis of a crystal structure of a phenylpyrrolidine lead and subsequent molecular modeling results, we designed and synthesized a novel series of macrocyclic FVIIa inhibitors. The optimal 16-membered macrocycle was 60-fold more potent than an acyclic analog. Further potency optimization by incorporation of P1' alkyl sulfone and P2 methyl groups provided a macrocycle with TF/FVIIa Ki = 1.6 nM, excellent selectivity against a panel of seven serine proteases, and FVII-deficient prothrombin time EC2x = 1.2 μM. Discovery of this potent, selective macrocyclic scaffold opens new possibilities for the development of orally bioavailable FVIIa inhibitors.
Remarks on positivity of α-determinants via SDP relaxation (2013)

After we survey our positivity problem for α-determinants of matrices, we reformulate it as polynomial optimization problems. By using SDP relaxation, we perform numerical computation for these optimization problems. We also give SOS representations for the α-determinants to obtain the optimal value when the matrix size n = 3, and give conjectures for n = 4, 5.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Comprehensive Genome Methylation Analysis in Bladder Cancer: Identification and Validation of Novel Methylated Genes and Application of These as Urinary Tumor Markers (2023)

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An overlap‐volume‐histogram based method for rectal dose prediction and automated treatment planning in the external beam prostate radiotherapy following hydrogel injection (2012)

The OVH metric can predict the rectal dose in the external beam prostate radiotherapy for patients with hydrogel injection. The predicted doses can be applied to the objectives of optimization in automated treatment planning to produce acceptable treatment plans.
<title>Polarization and modal properties of rare-earth-doped fiber lasers</title> (1992)

The polarization and modal properties of fiber lasers are theoretically and experimentally analyzed. The polarization properties of the fiber laser is advantageously applied to a novel form of fiber laser sensor.
Investigation of CO and CO2 Adsorption on Tetragonal and Monoclinic Zirconia (2001)

The adsorption of CO and CO2 on tetragonal and monoclinic ZrO2 was investigated using infrared spectroscopy and temperature-programmed desorption spectroscopy. For this study, samples were prepared of tetragonal ZrO2 (t-ZrO2) with surface areas of 20 and 187 m2/g and of monoclinic ZrO2 (m-ZrO2) with surface areas of 19 and 110 m2/g. The CO2 adsorption capacity of m-ZrO2 is more than an order of magnitude higher than that of t-ZrO2. The principal species observed on m-ZrO2 are HCO3- and m- and b-CO32-, whereas the principal species observed on t-ZrO2 are p- and b-CO3-. The higher CO2 adsorption capacity of m-ZrO2 is attributed to the higher concentration and basicity of the hydroxyl groups on this polymorph, as well as the stronger Lewis acidity of Zr4+ cations and the stronger Lewis basicity of O2- anions. Depending on the adsorption temperature, the CO adsorption capacity of m-ZrO2 is 5- to 10-fold higher than that of t-ZrO2. Below 450 K, CO is adsorbed as HCO3- and CO32- species on both polymorphs of ZrO2. At higher temperatures, only CO32- and HCOO species are observed. The CO adsorption capacity of m-ZrO2 is higher than that of t-ZrO2 because of the greater strength of the adsorption centers on this phase.
Dehalogenation of .alpha.-chloro and .alpha.-bromo ketones. Use of sodium O,O-diethyl phosphorotelluroate (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDehalogenation of .alpha.-chloro and .alpha.-bromo ketones. Use of sodium O,O-diethyl phosphorotelluroateDerrick L. J. Clive and Pierre L. BeaulieuCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 6, 1124–1126Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00345a045https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00345a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views200Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Structural basis of glycan276-dependent recognition by HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies (2021)

Recognition of N-linked glycan at residue N276 (glycan276) at the periphery of the CD4-binding site (CD4bs) on the HIV-envelope trimer is a formidable challenge for many CD4bs-directed antibodies. To understand how this glycan can be recognized, here we isolate two lineages of glycan276-dependent CD4bs antibodies. Antibody CH540-VRC40.01 (named for donor-lineage.clone) neutralizes 81% of a panel of 208 diverse strains, while antibody CH314-VRC33.01 neutralizes 45%. Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of these two antibodies and 179NC75, a previously identified glycan276-dependent CD4bs antibody, in complex with HIV-envelope trimer reveal substantially different modes of glycan276 recognition. Despite these differences, binding of glycan276-dependent antibodies maintains a glycan276 conformation similar to that observed in the absence of glycan276-binding antibodies. By contrast, glycan276-independent CD4bs antibodies, such as VRC01, displace glycan276 upon binding. These results provide a foundation for understanding antibody recognition of glycan276 and suggest its presence may be crucial for priming immunogens seeking to initiate broad CD4bs recognition.
A low-power APUF-based environmental abnormality detection framework (2017)

Physical unclonable functions (PUFs) take advantage of the effect of process variation on hardware to obtain their unclonability. Traditional PUF design only focuses on the analog signals of circuits. An arbiter PUF, for example, generates responses by racing delay signals. Implementations of such PUFs usually employ large area and power consumption while providing very low throughput. To address this problem, we propose an energy efficient PUF design in such a way that it races analog signals and computes digital logic simultaneously. More importantly, the analog portion of the circuit (racing) shares a large amount of hardware resources with the digital portion of the circuit (computing) by introducing only small overhead in terms of area and power. Our test results on Spartan-6 field-programmable gate array (FPGA) platforms indicate that by combining the two outputs, our design enables much larger PUF output throughput, better randomness and less power consumption compared to traditional PUFs.
Centrifugal Compressor Surge Control Systems - Fundamentals of a Good Design (2016)

Jordan is a mechanical engineer with a wide range of domestic and international design, field, and monitoring experience with compressors, pumps, piping, and other production machinery.He has specialized skills in vibration, performance, and troubleshooting in onshore and offshore production facilities.Jordan has been with BETA Machinery Analysis (BETA) for the last 12 years, during which time he has authored and co-authored several papers.He was formerly responsible for BETA's Malaysia