gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Overview of Control and Grid Synchronization for Distributed Power Generation Systems (2006)

Renewable energy sources like wind, sun, and hydro are seen as a reliable alternative to the traditional energy sources such as oil, natural gas, or coal. Distributed power generation systems (DPGSs) based on renewable energy sources experience a large development worldwide, with Germany, Denmark, Japan, and USA as leaders in the development in this field. Due to the increasing number of DPGSs connected to the utility network, new and stricter standards in respect to power quality, safe running, and islanding protection are issued. As a consequence, the control of distributed generation systems should be improved to meet the requirements for grid interconnection. This paper gives an overview of the structures for the DPGS based on fuel cell, photovoltaic, and wind turbines. In addition, control structures of the grid-side converter are presented, and the possibility of compensation for low-order harmonics is also discussed. Moreover, control strategies when running on grid faults are treated. This paper ends up with an overview of synchronization methods and a discussion about their importance in the control
Evaluation of Power Semiconductors Power Cycling Capabilities for Adjustable Speed Drive (2008)

This paper analyzes the power cycling capability of semiconductor under various conditions for adjustable speed drive (ASD). An analysis is made that calculates the mean time to failure (MTTF) of the semiconductor under various conditions, including low speed operation capability, high speed thermal capability and overload capability. After that, the MTTF estimations of the IGBT under different heatsink design and different drive ratings are studied. This paper will show that the MTTF of the inverter may be very short under some very common operating conditions. Thus, it is prudent to size the drive properly in order to avoid earlier failure.
Polycomb-mediated Genome Architecture Enables Long-range Spreading of H3K27 methylation (2020)

SUMMARY Polycomb-group proteins play critical roles in gene silencing through the deposition of histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) and chromatin compaction 1-5 . This process is essential for embryonic stem cell (ESCs) pluripotency, differentiation, and development. Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) can both read and write H3K27me3, enabling progressive spread of H3K27me3 on the linear genome 6 . Long-range Polycomb-associated DNA contacts have also been described, but their regulation and role in gene silencing remains unclear 7-10 . Here, we apply H3K27me3 HiChIP 11-13 , a protein-directed chromosome conformation method, and optical reconstruction of chromatin architecture 14 to profile long-range Polycomb-associated DNA loops that span tens to hundreds of megabases across multiple topological associated domains in mouse ESCs and human induced pluripotent stem cells 7-10 . We find that H3K27me3 loop anchors are enriched for Polycomb nucleation points and coincide with key developmental genes, such as Hmx1, Wnt6 and Hoxa . Genetic deletion of H3K27me3 loop anchors revealed a coupling of Polycomb-associated genome architecture and H3K27me3 deposition evidenced by disruption of spatial contact between distant loci and altered H3K27me3 in cis , both locally and megabases away on the same chromosome. Further, we find that global alterations in PRC2 occupancy resulting from an EZH2 mutant 15 selectively deficient in RNA binding is accompanied by loss of Polycomb-associated DNA looping. Together, these results suggest PRC2 acts as a “genomic wormhole”, using RNA binding to enhance long range chromosome folding and H3K27me3 spreading. Additionally, developmental gene loci have novel roles in Polycomb spreading, emerging as important architectural elements of the epigenome.
Orthotopic and heterotopic murine models of pancreatic cancer and their different responses to FOLFIRINOX chemotherapy (2018)

Syngeneic, immunocompetent allograft tumor models recapitulate important aspects of the tumor microenvironment and have short tumor latency with predictable growth kinetics, making them useful for trialing novel therapeutics. Here, we describe surgical techniques for orthotopic and heterotopic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tumor implantation and characterize phenotypes based on implantation site.Mice (<i>n</i>=8 per group) were implanted with 10<sup>4</sup> cells in the pancreas or flank. Hy15549 and Han4.13 cell lines were derived from primary murine PDAC (Ptf1-Cre; LSL-KRAS-G12D; Trp53 Lox/+) on C57BL/6 and FVB strains, respectively. Single-cell suspension and solid tumor implants were compared. Tumors were treated with two intravenous doses of FOLFIRINOX and responses evaluated.All mice developed pancreatic tumors within 7 days. Orthotopic tumors grew faster and larger than heterotopic tumors. By 3 weeks, orthotopic mice began losing weight, and showed declines in body condition requiring euthanasia starting at 4 weeks. Single-cell injection into the pancreas had near 100% engraftment, but solid tumor implant engraftment was ∼50% and was associated with growth restriction. Orthotopic tumors were significantly more responsive to intravenous FOLFIRINOX compared with heterotopic tumors, with greater reductions in size and increased apoptosis. Heterotopic tumors were more desmoplastic and hypovascular. However, drug uptake into tumor tissue was equivalent regardless of tumor location or degree of fibrosis, indicating that microenvironment differences between heterotopic and orthotopic tumors influenced response to therapy.Our results show that orthotopic and heterotopic allograft locations confer unique microenvironments that influence growth kinetics, desmoplastic response and angiogenesis. Tumor location influences chemosensitivity to FOLFIRINOX and should inform future preclinical trials.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
FoReCo: a forecast-based recovery mechanism for real-time remote control of robotic manipulators (2022)

Wireless communications represent a game changer for future manufacturing plants, enabling flexible production chains as machinery and other components are not restricted to a location by the rigid wired connections on the factory floor. However, the presence of electromagnetic interference in the wireless spectrum may result in packet loss and delay, making it a challenging environment to meet the extreme reliability requirements of industrial applications. In such conditions, achieving real-time remote control, either from the Edge or Cloud, becomes complex. In this paper, we investigate a forecast-based recovery mechanism for real-time remote control of robotic manipulators (FoReCo) that uses Machine Learning (ML) to infer lost commands caused by interference in the wireless channel. FoReCo is evaluated through both simulation and experimentation in interference prone IEEE 802.11 wireless links, and using a commercial research robot that performs pick-and-place tasks. Results show that in case of interference, FoReCo trajectory error is decreased by x18 and x2 times in simulation and experimentation, and that FoReCo is sufficiently lightweight to be deployed in the hardware of already used in existing solutions.
Reliable Bonding of Composite Laminates Using Reflowable Epoxy Resins (2019)

Epoxy matrix composites assembled with adhesives maximize the performance of aerospace structures, but the possibility of forming weak bonds requires the installation of redundant fasteners, which add weight and manufacturing cost. Co-cured joints (e.g. unitized composite structures) are immune to weak bonds because the uncured resin undergoes diffusion and mixing through the joint. A means of co-curing complex structures may reduce the need for redundant fasteners in bondlines. To this end, NASA started the AERoBOND project to develop novel joining materials to enable a “secondary-co-cure” assembly process. Aerospace epoxy resin systems reformulated with offset stoichiometry prevented the resin from advancing beyond the gel point during a conventional autoclave cure cycle up to 180 °C. The offset resins were applied to the joining surfaces of laminate preforms as prepreg. Two surfaces with complimentary offset resins were joined using conventional secondary bonding techniques. Preliminary efforts have indicated that the resulting joint has no discernable interface and appears as a conventional co-cured laminate under optical magnification. This report will discuss the initial work performed regarding formulation of the epoxy resin system using calorimetry, rheology, and mechanical testing.
Loss of cardiomyocyte CYB5R3 impairs redox equilibrium and causes sudden cardiac death (2022)

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) in patients with heart failure (HF) is allied with an imbalance in reduction and oxidation (redox) signaling in cardiomyocytes; however, the basic pathways and mechanisms governing redox homeostasis in cardiomyocytes are not fully understood. Here, we show that cytochrome b5 reductase 3 (CYB5R3), an enzyme known to regulate redox signaling in erythrocytes and vascular cells, is essential for cardiomyocyte function. Using a conditional cardiomyocyte-specific CYB5R3-knockout mouse, we discovered that deletion of CYB5R3 in male, but not female, adult cardiomyocytes causes cardiac hypertrophy, bradycardia, and SCD. The increase in SCD in CYB5R3-KO mice is associated with calcium mishandling, ventricular fibrillation, and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Molecular studies reveal that CYB5R3-KO hearts display decreased adenosine triphosphate (ATP), increased oxidative stress, suppressed coenzyme Q levels, and hemoprotein dysregulation. Finally, from a translational perspective, we reveal that the high-frequency missense genetic variant rs1800457, which translates into a CYB5R3 T117S partial loss-of-function protein, associates with decreased event-free survival (~20%) in Black persons with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Together, these studies reveal a crucial role for CYB5R3 in cardiomyocyte redox biology and identify a genetic biomarker for persons of African ancestry that may potentially increase the risk of death from HFrEF.
Application of the NSMS model to multi-axis time domain EMI data (2008)

Recently different time domain (TD) electromagnetic induction sensors have been developed and tested for UXO detection and discrimination. These sensors produce well-located, multi-axis, high-density data. One of such sensors is the Man Portable Vector (MPV) TD sensor build by G&G., Inc., which has two 75-cm diameter transmitter loops and five tri-axial cubic receivers located around the transmitter coils. This sensor produces unprecedented high-fidelity complete vector data sets. To take advantage of these high-quality data, in this paper we adapt the normalized surface magnetic source (NSMS) model to the MPV. The NSMS is a very simple and robust technique for predicting the EMI responses of various objects. The technique is applicable to any combination of magnetic or electromagnetic induction data for any arbitrary homogeneous or heterogeneous 3-D object or set of objects. The NSMS approach uses magnetic dipoles distributed on a fictitious closed surface as responding sources for predicting objects' EMI responses. The amplitudes of the NSMS sources are determined from actual measured data, and at the end the total NSMS is used as a discriminator. Usually, discrimination between UXO and non-UXO items is processed by first recovering the buried object's location and orientation using standard non-linear minimization techniques; this is the most time consuming part of the UXO classification process. In order to avoid solving a traditional ill-posed inverse scattering problem, here we adapt to TD-MPV data a recently developed physics-based approach, called (HAP), to estimate a buried object's location and orientation. The approach assumes the target exhibits a dipolar response and uses only three global values: (1) the magnetic field vector H, (2) the vector potential A, and (3) the scalar magnetic potential at a point in space. Of these three global values only the flux of the H field is measurable by the MPV sensor. However, the vector and scalar magnetic potentials can be recovered from measured magnetic field data using a 2D NSMS approach. To demonstrate the applicability of the NSMS and HAP techniques we report the results of a blind-test analysis using multi-axis TD MPV data collected at the U.S. Army's ERDC UXO test site.
MP34-04 INHIBITION OF GLYCOLATE OXIDASE REDUCES URINARY OXALATE EXCRETION IN A MOUSE MODEL OF PRIMARY HYPEROXALURIA TYPE 1 (2015)

gene, which is related to anti-inflammatory M&[phis] activity, was lower in the RP group than in the normal or control groups.
Induction of Interleukin-2 Receptor-α Gene Expression Is Regulated by Post-translational Activation of κ B Specific DNA Binding Proteins (1989)

T cell mitogens induce the expression of specific trans-acting DNA binding proteins that in turn regulate the expression of the interleukin-2 receptor-alpha (IL-2R alpha) gene. To investigate whether de novo protein synthesis is required for the activation of these transacting factors and the induced expression of this receptor gene, Jurkat T cells were incubated with various inhibitors of protein synthesis prior to stimulation with phytohemagglutinin and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). Despite the presence of cycloheximide or anisomycin at concentrations sufficient to block greater than 97% of cellular protein synthesis, phytohemagglutinin and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate effectively induced the expression of the IL-2R alpha gene as measured at the mRNA level. Similarly, gel retardation, DNA footprinting, and DNA-protein cross-linking studies revealed that these mitogens induced the activation of two predominant DNA binding proteins (50-55 and 80-90 kDa) in the presence or absence of cycloheximide and anisomycin. Both of these proteins specifically interacted with a kappa B-like binding site present in the IL-2R alpha promoter (-267 to -256) that is requisite for mitogen-induced expression of this receptor gene. These findings support a post-translational mechanism of induction of pre-existing, but inactive, DNA binding proteins which in turn bind to and activate the IL-2R alpha gene.
Relations between Benthic Community Structure and Metals Concentrations in Aquatic Macroinvertebrates: Clark Fork River, Montana (1995)

ABSTRACT We sampled macroinvertebrate communities at six sites on the upper Clark Fork River, Montana, to determine relations between macroinvertebrate community structure and metals in invertebrates and the best benthic community metrics to use for ranking sites based on the relative severity of the effects of metals. Concentrations (μg/g) of six metals in invertebrates were determined: Al (range = 591–4193), As (2.7–34.1), Cd (0.13–8.38), Cu (26–1382), Pb (0.54–67.1), and Zn (212–1665). Concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and total metals were significantly correlated with at least one benthic metric. Copper (r = 0.88–0.94) and total metals (r = 0.90–0.97) provided the most highly significant correlations. Based on longitudinal site comparisons of metals in invertebrates, benthic community structure, and differences between proportionally scaled ranks, five benthic metrics provided the best indicators of relative impact: taxa richness, Ephemeroptera-Plecoptera-Trichoptera (EPT) richness, chironomid richness, percentage of the most dominant taxon, and density. The two sites with the highest accumulations of invertebrate metals also demonstrated the greatest relative degree of impact based on these parameters. The most meaningful combinations of metrics indicate that the benthic community at the most upstream site is being severely impacted by metals. Two sites demonstrated little or no negative impact, and three sites demonstrated low or moderate levels of negative impacts, which may be due to a combination of metals and other factors such as organic enrichment. We recommend that benthic community structure and metals in invertebrates collected from riffle habitats be used to determine relative impacts in metals-contaminated river systems, owing to their close relation to metal availability and transfer to higher trophic levels.
Using the Short Form-36 with Multiple Sclerosis Patients in Five Countries: A Cross-Cultural Comparison (1999)

Questionnaires measuring health-related quality of life are increasingly used in international studies of medical effectiveness. It is important to know if data from these instruments are comparable across countries. We initiated a collaboration among five research groups--from the USA, The Netherlands, Belgium, France, and the UK--in the field of health-related quality of life in multiple sclerosis. All groups used the 36-item Short Form Health Survey. The goal of our study was to make a cross-cultural comparison. In the five countries under study the sample size varied from 50 to 134 patients with multiple sclerosis. The survey was completed by a total of 457 patients, who were heterogeneous in relation to age, duration of illness, severity and type of multiple sclerosis. There appeared to be major differences among the samples in scores on each of the eight scales. These findings may be influenced by differences in method of recruitment, demographic and disease-related characteristics, administration, and cultural factors. After having performed a number of analyses, it appeared that the differences were mainly attributable to sampling effects; however, cultural influences could not be excluded.
A Human Breast Cell Model of Preinvasive to Invasive Transition (2008)

A crucial step in human breast cancer progression is the acquisition of invasiveness. There is a distinct lack of human cell culture models to study the transition from preinvasive to invasive phenotype as it may occur "spontaneously" in vivo. To delineate molecular alterations important for this transition, we isolated human breast epithelial cell lines that showed partial loss of tissue polarity in three-dimensional reconstituted basement membrane cultures. These cells remained noninvasive; however, unlike their nonmalignant counterparts, they exhibited a high propensity to acquire invasiveness through basement membrane in culture. The genomic aberrations and gene expression profiles of the cells in this model showed a high degree of similarity to primary breast tumor profiles. The xenograft tumors formed by the cell lines in three different microenvironments in nude mice displayed metaplastic phenotypes, including squamous and basal characteristics, with invasive cells exhibiting features of higher-grade tumors. To find functionally significant changes in transition from preinvasive to invasive phenotype, we performed attribute profile clustering analysis on the list of genes differentially expressed between preinvasive and invasive cells. We found integral membrane proteins, transcription factors, kinases, transport molecules, and chemokines to be highly represented. In addition, expression of matrix metalloproteinases MMP9, MMP13, MMP15, and MMP17 was up-regulated in the invasive cells. Using small interfering RNA-based approaches, we found these MMPs to be required for the invasive phenotype. This model provides a new tool for dissection of mechanisms by which preinvasive breast cells could acquire invasiveness in a metaplastic context.
Very Shallow Water/Mine Counter Measures Mission Visualization (2001)

Abstract : The objective of this work was to create a 3D visualization that would be capable of giving commanding officers and others not intimately knowledgeable about VSW/MCM operations a better understanding of the mission tasks involved and techniques used by the VSW/MCM units. Our approach was to implement a real time mission visualization with the interactive 3D graphics application called PeopleShop(TM). The application shows divers, mammals and other personnel performing the various steps in the VSW/MCM task. This tool is useful for interactively viewing and changing the scenarios and provides a base line tool for planning and analysis. Using source material on the real time mission visualization we produced a professional quality videotape that serves as a tool for explaining and planning the VSW/MCM mission and procedures. The system may be extended to applications such as tactical planning, concept development for advanced technology and immersive training.
Plug in repetitive control for industrial robotic manipulators (2002)

The implementation of plug-in repetitive control on the direct drive axis of a prototype GMF A500 robot is considered. Plug-in repetitive control was developed and implemented using an IBM AT. A multirate sampling algorithm was designed to reduce the memory requirements of repetitive control. A microcontroller board based on the Intel 8096 was designed so that plug-in repetitive control could be applied from a small unit embedded within the KAREL controller. In each application, experimental results show that the tracking error is smoothly absorbed in a few cycles.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Demonstration of a unique Epstein-Barr virus-positive cellular clone in metachronous multiple localizations of Hodgkin's disease. (1993)

The recent detection of clonal episomes of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in a significant proportion of Hodgkin's disease (HD) cases has suggested a re-evaluation of the possible pathogenetic role of EBV in the development of the disease. Here we report that in two EBV-positive HD, arisen in human immunodeficiency virus-1-infected drug users, a unique episomal EBV genome was detected in multiple metachronous HD lesions of each patient. These findings demonstrated that the same EBV-positive cellular clone was present in multiple localizations of HD as well as in specimens taken at different times. Combined in situ hybridization and immunohistological analyses evidenced EBV genome and EBV-encoded latent membrane protein-1 on Reed-Sternberg cells. Therefore, the data strongly support the possibility of a causal role for EBV in the pathogenesis of HD.
Arrestin‐Bound Rhodopsin: A Molecular Structure and its Impact on the Development of Biased GPCR Ligands (2015)

Freeze, you’re under arrest: Serial femtosecond crystallography was used to solve the first high-resolution structure of the G-protein-coupled receptor rhodopsin bound to the adaptor protein arrestin. This template may be useful for the structure-based design of functionally selective drugs. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.