gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of uncertainties in atmospheric conditions on the accuracy of concentration measurements by the differential absorption method in the 9- to 11-μm and 4.6- to 5.6-μm spectral ranges (1999)

A potential source of errors at remote measurements of concentration of atmospheric gases by CO<SUB>2</SUB>-lasers is the incomplete knowledge of atmospheric composition and temperature during measurements. This paper gives a general expression for errors owing to approximate description of the composition of the base of a statistical atmospheric model and of separate parameters measured during laser sounding. Measurements of additional atmospheric parameters are shown can reduce considerably the uncertainty in the concentration of a gas studied. A special computer code is designed to search pairs of frequencies with minimal error in mean-path horizontal measurements by using a topographic target. The performed calculations showed that a number of referenced experiments on remote measuring of atmospheric gas concentrations by CO<SUB>2</SUB>-lasers were conducted at frequencies that did not provide the minimal atmospheric errors.6
Cover Song ID with Beat-Synchronous Chroma Features (2006)

Beat-synchronous chroma features capture melodic-harmonic content of music audio, and successfully detect cover versions of songs. We describe our system, including beat tracking by dynamic-programming.
Supplementary Figure S2 from Ubiquitinated PCNA Drives USP1 Synthetic Lethality in Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;I-138 activity in BRCA1/2 WT and mutant cells - related to Figure 2&lt;/p&gt;
Color-by-blue display using blue quantum dot light-emitting diodes and green/red color converting phosphors (2014)

We report a novel full-color display based on the generation of full-color by a highly efficient blue QD-LED light approach, or so called color-by-blue QD-LED display. This newly proposed color-by-blue QD-LED display combines a blue CdZnS/ZnS QD-LED blue subpixel and excitation source with front-emitting green/red phosphor subpixels. It is carefully estimated that the detailed display characteristics as well as full color-conversion and reasonable device efficiency of blue, green, and red satisfy the minimum requirements for display application. Also, we would like to emphasize that the proposed blue, green, and red device shows maximum luminance of 1570, 12920, and 3120 cd/m², respectively, luminous efficiency of 1.5, 12.1, and 2.5 cd/A, respectively, and external quantum efficiency of 6.8, 2.8, and 2.0%, respectively. It is expected that full color generation by color-by-blue QD-LED will lead to further technological advancements in the area of efficient and facile display applications.
CT evaluation of amyloidosis: spectrum of disease. (1993)

Amyloidosis is a rare systemic disease caused by extracellular deposition of an insoluble protein. Although it is usually seen in a systemic form, 10%-20% of cases can be localized. Systemic amyloidosis is subclassified into an idiopathic primary form and a secondary or reactive form. Patients with primary amyloidosis have no underlying condition or disease. Men are affected more than women, and the mean age at presentation is 55-60 years. Some causes of secondary amyloidosis are multiple myeloma (10%-15%), rheumatoid arthritis (20%-25%), tuberculosis (50%), or familial Mediterranean fever (26%-40%). Radiographic studies of 90 patients with biopsy-proved primary or secondary amyloidosis were reviewed. Computed tomographic (CT) scans demonstrated a wide spectrum of disease in the cardiothoracic, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and musculoskeletal systems. Amyloid deposition simulated both inflammatory and neoplastic conditions. Amorphous or irregular calcifications were occasionally identified within the amyloid deposit. Definitive diagnosis requires biopsy confirmation, as CT findings are nonspecific.
Prediction of future fading based on past measurements (1999)

The possibility of predicting the complex radio channel ahead in time when the terminal is moving in a straight line is investigated. It is assumed that a number of samples with constant spatial sampling period are available. The Doppler spectrum and the amplitude of the complex scatterers are determined using an ESPRIT-type algorithm, and the signals are then extrapolated into the future assuming that the scatterers remain constant. Synthetic and real data both indicate that for a large number of scatterers, a continuous Doppler spectrum, the signal may be predicted about a wavelength ahead. This assumes that the sampling is sufficiently dense.
Molecular and Physical Characterization of Burkholderia mallei O Antigens (2002)

Burkholderia mallei lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been previously shown to cross-react with polyclonal antibodies raised against B. pseudomallei LPS; however, we observed that B. mallei LPS does not react with a monoclonal antibody (Pp-PS-W) specific for B. pseudomallei O polysaccharide (O-PS). In this study, we identified the O-PS biosynthetic gene cluster from B. mallei ATCC 23344 and subsequently characterized the molecular structure of the O-PS produced by this organism.
Novel Dielectric-Modulated Field-Effect Transistor for (2008)

This paper describes two competing factors, a dielectric constant and a charge in a dielectric-modulated field-effect transistor (DMFET), for label-free DNA electrical detection. Essentially, the DMFET electrically detects biomolecules by monitoring a change of threshold voltage caused by a change of dielectric constant when targeted biomolecules are confined to a nanogap of the DMFET. In particular, when charged biomolecules such as DNA are introduced into the nanogap, the DMFET operation can be changed by both the dielectric constant and the strength of the charges in the gate dielectric layer. In this work, negatively-charged DNA and neutralized DNA by sodium ion treatment are carefully compared using an n-channel DMFET in order to verify the contribution to a change of threshold voltage by the DNA charges. In the case of neutralized DNA, the threshold voltage is shifted to the negative side as previously reported. However, in the case of negatively- charged DNA, the threshold voltage is shifted to the positive side due to the negative charges of this DNA. Hence, a p-channel DMFET is clearly preferable in detections of negatively-charged DNA.
Frequency-domain optical absorption spectroscopy of finite tissue volumes using diffusion theory (1994)

The goal of frequency-domain optical absorption spectroscopy is the non-invasive determination of the absorption coefficient of a specific tissue volume. Since this allows the concentration of endogenous and exogenous chromophores to be calculated, there is considerable potential for clinical application. The technique relies on the measurement of the phase and modulation of light, which is diffusely reflected or transmitted by the tissue when it is illuminated by an intensity-modulated source. A model of light propagation must then be used to deduce the absorption coefficient. For simplicity, it is usual to assume the tissue is either infinite in extent (for transmission measurements) or semi-infinite (for reflectance measurements). The goal of this paper is to examine the errors introduced by these assumptions when measurements are actually performed on finite volumes. Diffusion-theory calculations and experimental measurements were performed for slabs, cylinders and spheres with optical properties characteristic of soft tissues in the near infrared. The error in absorption coefficient is presented as a function of object size as a guideline to when the simple models may be used. For transmission measurements, the error is almost independent of the true absorption coefficient, which allows absolute changes in absorption to be measured accurately. The implications of these errors in absorption coefficient for two clinical problems--quantitation of an exogenous photosensitizer and measurement of haemoglobin oxygenation--are presented and discussed.
Goal-Oriented Robustness Analysis (2012)

In the upstream software development processes, from requirements definition to design, one of the most important tasks is to make the requirements completely satisfied in the design process, therefore actually realizing the required system. Thus, a seamless connection between the requirements model and the design model is very effective to completely realize user requirements. KAOS [1] is one of the typical methodologies of Goal-oriented requirements engineering [2]. It elicits and builds up the requirements systematically and exhaustively. ICONIX process [3] designs a system using UML diagrams. In the ICONIX process, requirements are reviewed using use case models, and then designed with class and sequence diagrams to realize the use cases through robustness diagrams. Based on these methodologies, this paper presents an approach to transfer as much information as possible from KAOS requirements models to preliminary design of system behaviors in ICONIX. Our approach allows the use case models and robustness diagrams to reflect the requirements of the KAOS model with the refinement patterns. We also conducted a case study where flight reservations in an international airline were modeled for the requirements definition and the preliminary design. We could find every requirements defined by the KAOS model in the use case models and the robustness diagrams. Our approach was confirmed to be feasible through this case study.
A Doppler focusing approach for sub-Nyquist radar (2013)

We investigate the problem of a monostatic radar transceiver trying to detect a sparse target scene. Several past works employ compressed sensing (CS) algorithms to this type of problem, but either do not address sample rate reduction, impose constraints on the radar transmitter, or propose CS recovery methods with prohibitive dictionary size. Here, using the Xampling framework, we describe a sub-Nyquist sampling approach which overcomes the shortcomings of previous methods. Xampling allows reducing the number of samples needed to accurately represent the signal, directly in the analog-to-digital conversion process. After sampling, the entire digital recovery process is performed on the low rate samples without having to return to the Nyquist rate. With our recovery method we are able to obtain good detection performance even at SNRs as low as -25dB.
Distribution of the cysteinyl leukotriene system components in the human, rat and mouse eye (2023)

The cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) have important functions in the regulation of inflammation and cellular stress. Blocking the CysLT receptors (CysLTRs) with specific antagonists is beneficial against progression of retinopathies (e.g. diabetic retinopathy, wet AMD). However, the exact cellular localization of the CysLTRs and their endogenous ligands in the eye have not been elucidated in detail yet. It is also not known whether the expression patterns differ between humans and animal models. Therefore, the present study aimed to describe and compare the distribution of two important enzymes in CysLT biosynthesis, 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) and 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein (FLAP), and of CysLTR1 and CysLTR2 in healthy human, rat and mouse eyes. Human donor eyes (n = 10) and eyes from adult Sprague Dawley rats (n = 5) and CD1 mice (n = 8) of both sexes were collected. The eyes were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde and cross-sections were investigated by immunofluorescence with specific antibodies against 5-LOX, FLAP (human tissue only), CysLTR1 and CysLTR2. Flat-mounts of the human choroid were prepared and processed similarly. Expression patterns were assessed and semiquantitatively evaluated using a confocal fluorescence microscope (LSM710, Zeiss). We observed so far unreported expression sites for CysLT system components in various ocular tissues. Overall, we detected expression of 5-LOX, CysLTR1 and CysLTR2 in the human, rat and mouse cornea, conjunctiva, iris, lens, ciliary body, retina and choroid. Importantly, expression profiles of CysLTR1 and CysLTR2 were highly similar between human and rodent eyes. FLAP was expressed in all human ocular tissues except the lens. Largely weak immunoreactivity of FLAP and 5-LOX was observed in a few, yet unidentified, cells of diverse ocular tissues, indicating low levels of CysLT biosynthesis in healthy eyes. CysLTR1 was predominantly detected in ocular epithelial cells, supporting the involvement of CysLTR1 in stress and immune responses. CysLTR2 was predominantly expressed in neuronal structures, suggesting neuromodulatory roles of CysLTR2 in the eye and revealing disparate functions of CysLTRs in ocular tissues. Taken together, we provide a comprehensive protein expression atlas of CysLT system components in the human and rodent eye. While the current study is purely descriptive and therefore does not allow significant functional conclusions yet, it represents an important basis for future studies in diseased ocular tissues in which distribution patterns or expression levels of the CysLT system might be altered. Furthermore, this is the first comprehensive study to elucidate expression patterns of CysLT system components in human and animal models that will help to identify and understand functions of the system as well as mechanisms of action of potential CysLTR ligands in the eye.
Left distal transradial access in the anatomical snuffbox for coronary angiography (ldTRA) and interventions (ldTRI) (2017)

Left distal transradial coronary access via the anatomical snuffbox, as default technique for patients who need or prefer left radial access over right radial access, deserves further exploration.
[Liver repopulation strategies]. (2005)

Hepatocytes have the unique capacity to self-renew and repair the liver ad integrum when stimulated to proliferate by liver injury. However, transplantation of isolated hepatocytes is usually not sufficiently efficient for therapeutic purposes. We conferred a survival advantage on transplanted hepatocytes and showed that they were able to repopulate almost the entire mouse liver after repeated injury. In contrast, we found that bone marrow stem cell transdifferentiation was inadequate for therapeutic liver regeneration. Current data on liver stem cells will be discussed.
Gel Permeation Chromatography Purification Process for Highly Efficient Perovskite Nanocrystal Light-Emitting Devices (2020)

Metal halide perovskite nanocrystals (PeNCs) have ionic crystal structures, and their optical properties are greatly affected by polar solvents owing to the formation of cation- and anion-defects. Herein, we fabricated low driving voltage and high efficiency NC light emitting devices (LEDs) using gel permeation chromatography (GPC) with nonpolar solvents to remove impurities such as excess ligands and reaction solvents. We confirmed that these impurities may be removed completely via the one-cycle GPC purification process in contrast to the conventional reprecipitation purification process having two-cycles. In addition, we demonstrated the effect of interfacial engineering between the hole transport layer and PeNC layer using alkyl ammonium salts containing Br anion, i.e., oleylamine bromide (OAm-Br), to passivate both cation- and anion-defects in PeNCs. The LEDs based on PeNCs with GPC purification achieved the maximum external quantum efficiency of 4.3% with OAm-Br layer.
Hybrid Nanoelectromechanical Switch and Resistive Memory in Silicon Nanowires by VLSI NEMS (2021)

Logic and memory have been separated components in mainstream computing architectures. In highly scaled nanoelectronic devices, power consumption in data transfer has been an increasingly important challenge. Here we propose and demonstrate that suspended, movable silicon nanowires (SiNWs) can enable a new type of voltage-programmable hybrid device consisting of a nanoelectro-mechanical switch and a resistive switching memory. During nanoelectromechanical switching, the device shows minimal leakage in the off state. We design the suspended SiNW so that after it is in contact with the actuating electrode, the contact is maintained even after the programming voltage turns off, thus forming a one-time-programmable antifuse. In maintained contact mode, the device further shows resistive switching behavior. Making use of the native oxide on the SiNWs as the dielectric medium, the resistive switching memory operates at a very low current on the order of 10 - 100 nA, which is beneficial for reducing the leakage towards memory array integration. Such a programmable hybrid nanoelectromechanical logic and resistive switching memory device may be promising for new logic-memory integration architectures.
Prevalence and predictors of thyroid functional abnormalities in newly diagnosed AL amyloidosis (2017)

A significant proportion of patients with AL amyloidosis present with hypothyroidism, predominantly subclinical, which carries a survival disadvantage. Routine assessment of TSH in these patients is warranted.
Telomerase in the early detection of cancer. (1997)

Although there is justifiable optimism regarding telomerase activity and early detection of cancer, it is important to point out that there is much that remains to be understood and additional validation studies will be required before knowledge of telomerase activity will be useful in decisions regarding patient management. A key question is whether we will be able to distinguish those cancers that are going to progress from those cancers that are not by detecting telomerase activity. Molecular staging using markers such as telomerase activity in combination with other molecular markers may be particularly useful in this regard. Basic scientists and clinicians must work together if this strategy is to mature. Telomerase inhibitors in the treatment of cancer are awaited with great anticipation.
Considerations in the processing of long lengths of melt textured YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 6+x} wires (1994)

Processing of long lengths of textured YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7{minus}x} wire is hindered by the slow rates required by the solidification process. Factors influencing the microstructural development of textured wires are discussed. Theories describing the rate limiting steps of the solidification process are reviewed, and potential means for increasing process speeds are discussed.
Structural Assignment of the Peptide Antibiotic LP237-F8, a Metabolite of Tolypocladium geodes (1996)

Antibiotic LP237-F8 is the main cytotoxic metabolite isolated from the liquid cultures of the fungus Tolypocladium geodes. Complete 1H and 13C NMR resonance assignments and sequencing of the peptide was achieved by extensive high-field 2D NMR spectroscopy. The N- and C-terminals of LP237-F8 are protected with a capryloyl unit and the amino alcohol leucinol, respectively. This linear peptide is a new member of the peptaibol class of natural products, containing the unusual amino acids α-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib) and α-amino-α-ethyl-n-pentanoic acid (α-ethylnorvaline, α-EtNor).
Adaptive Force Control of Two Dimensional Milling (1992)

This paper deals with adaptive force control of the two dimensional milling process. The resultant feed is adjusted to regulate cutting force at the desired value. The distribution of the feed to x and y axes is accomplished by the CNC interpolator. Several methods are presented for softening large overshoot of cutting force caused by sudden changes in the workpiece geometry. Experimental results are presented to validate the proposed approach.
Automatically Selecting Useful Phrases for Dialogue Act Tagging (1999)

We present an empirical investigation of various ways to automatically identify phrases in a tagged corpus that are useful for dialogue act tagging. We found that a new method (which measures a phrase's deviation from an optimally-predictive phrase), enhanced with a lexical filtering mechanism, produces significantly better cues than manually-selected cue phrases, the exhaustive set of phrases in a training corpus, and phrases chosen by traditional metrics, like mutual information and information gain.
Structures and Reactivities of Cocrystals Involving Diboronic Acids and Bipyridines: In Situ Linker Reaction and 1D‐to‐2D Dimensionality Change via Crystal‐to‐Crystal Photodimerization (2022)

Cocrystallizations of diboronic acids [1,3-benzenediboronic acid (1,3-bdba), 1,4-benzenediboronic acid (1,4-bdba) and 4,4'-biphenyldiboronic acid (4,4'-bphdba)] and bipyridines [1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene (bpe) and 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane (bpeta)] generated the hydrogen-bonded 1 : 2 cocrystals [(1,4-bdba)(bpe)<sub>2</sub> ] (1), [(1,4-bdba)(bpeta)<sub>2</sub> ] (2), [(1,3-bdba)(bpe)<sub>2</sub> (H<sub>2</sub> O)<sub>2</sub> ] (3) and [(1,3-bdba)(bpeta)<sub>2</sub> (H<sub>2</sub> O)] (4), wherein 1,3-bdba involved hydrated assemblies. The linear extended 4,4'-bphdba exhibited the formation of 1 : 1 cocrystals [(4,4'-bphdba)(bpe)] (5) and [(4,4'-bphdba-me)(bpeta)] (6). For 6, a hemiester was generated by an in-situ linker transformation. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction revealed all structures to be sustained by B(O)-H⋅⋅⋅N, B(O)-H⋅⋅⋅O, O<sub>w</sub> -H⋅⋅⋅O, O<sub>w</sub> -H⋅⋅⋅N, C-H⋅⋅⋅O, C-H⋅⋅⋅N, π⋅⋅⋅π, and C-H⋅⋅⋅π interactions. The cocrystals comprise 1D, 2D, and 3D hydrogen-bonded frameworks with components that display reactivities upon cocrystal formation and within the solids. In 1 and 3, the C=C bonds of the bpe molecules undergo a [2+2] photodimerization. UV radiation of each compound resulted in quantitative conversion of bpe into cyclobutane tpcb. The reactivity involving 1 occurred via 1D-to-2D single-crystal-to-single-crystal (SCSC) transformation. Our work supports the feasibility of the diboronic acids as formidable structural and reactivity building blocks for cocrystal construction.
Supplementary Figure 8 from Targeting uPAR with Antagonistic Recombinant Human Antibodies in Aggressive Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 62K, FDG avid lesion not detected by 111In-2G10&lt;/p&gt;
2006 AMOS Technical Conference Integrated Multi-Sensor System for Enhanced Space Surveillance - Design, Engineering, Integration and Tests (2006)

Space surveillance requires capabilities for detection, tracking, imaging and characterization of specific objects in space environment. In general, most current space surveillance systems are single-sensor based and are not capable of generating the desired tracking accuracy, and providing required object characterization. A suite of various types of the sensors that are spatially or temporarily separated may thus be used collectively to synthesize a composite, improved surveillance picture through fusion and post processing of retrieved data. However, this approach will not yield the highest possible data accuracy due to the errors introduced in correlation of location, orientation and detection time from different sensors. Furthermore, it may not provide timely surveillance data to the user and hence may degrade the utility of these data. In this paper, we present the architecture, operational concept and preliminary design of an advanced integrated multi-sensor system (AIMS) for enhanced space surveillance capability to alleviate these shortfalls. AIMS employs an active laser tracking and multiple spectral domain (visible and multi-band IR) sensing to provide high-resolution tracking, three-dimensional imaging and reliable characterization of space objects with down range resolution of 1 cm and velocity measurement accuracy of 1-10 cm/sec in near real-time. The engineering and integration of a scale-down prototype of AIMS together with results of initial field tests are reported in this paper. Issues, lessons learned, future development plan and potential application of AIMS to space missions will be discussed.