gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Trap characterization in ultra-wide bandgap Al0.65Ga0.4N/Al0.4Ga0.6N MOSHFET's with ZrO2 gate dielectric using optical response and cathodoluminescence (2019)

Ultrawide bandgap (UWBG) AlGaN-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor heterostructure field-effect transistors (MOSHFETs) with a ZrO2 gate dielectric achieve peak current in excess of 0.4 A/mm and current ON/OFF ratios &amp;gt;106 with subthreshold swings as low as 110 mV/decade. These devices have strong potential for use in power and radio frequency electronics or as true solar-blind photodetectors. In this work, we present the photoresponse analysis in UWBG AlGaN MOSHFETs. Persistent photoconductivity with the decay time above 10 minutes can be quenched by illuminating with strong UV light at 365 nm and 254 nm, suggesting deep traps to be responsible for this behavior. Upon correlating the optical response under various illumination conditions with cathodoluminescence of these devices, we identified two key trap levels at ∼2.48 ± 0.14 eV and 3.76 ± 0.06 eV, controlling the slow response time. By depth-profiling using cathodoluminescence, these traps are identified to be at the AlN/AlGaN interface at the back of the device, due to partial relaxation from the lattice mismatch between AlN and Al0.4Ga0.6N.
In Vivo Venous Assessment of Red Blood Cell Aggregate Sizes in Diabetic Patients with a Quantitative Cellular Ultrasound Imaging Method: Proof of Concept (2015)

RBC aggregation can be measured in-vivo in diabetic patients using ultrasound. Prospective studies are needed to determine whether the SFSAE method could help clinicians in the early management of vascular complications in this patient population.
Medical image modality classification and retrieval (2011)

The aim of this paper is to explore different medical image modality and retrieval strategies. First, we analyze how current state-of-the art image representations (bags of visual words and Fisher Vectors) perform when we use them for medical modality classification. Then we integrated these representations in a content based image retrieval system and tested on a medical image retrieval task. Finally, in both cases, we explored how the performance can be improved if we combine visual with textual information. To show the performance of different systems we compared our approaches to the systems participated at the Medical Task of the latest ImageClef Challenge [16].
An investigation on worst‐case spectral reconstruction from RGB images via Radiance Mondrian World assumption (2023)

Abstract Spectral reconstruction (SR) algorithms recover hyperspectral measurements from RGB camera responses. Statistical models at different levels of complexity are used to solve the SR problem—from the simplest closed‐form regression, to sparse coding, to the complex deep neural networks (DNN). Recently, these methods were benchmarked based on the mean performance of the models and on a fixed set of real‐world scenes, suggesting that more complex (more non‐linear ) models generally deliver better SR. In this paper, we investigate the relative performances of these models in terms of a real‐world worst‐case imaging condition called the Radiance Mondrian World (RMW) assumption. Under the RMW, testing hyperspectral images are composed of randomly‐arranged and overlapping rectangular patches, where each patch is filled with one random radiance spectrum uniformly sampled from the convex closure of all natural radiances (i.e., all spectra in the concerned hyperspectral image dataset). Surprisingly, we show that all compared algorithms—regardless of their model complexity—degrade to broadly the same level of performance on our RMW testing set. Further, by retraining all models with an RMW training set, we show that increasing model complexity also does not help learning better SR mappings from the RMW images. That is, using simple regression is as good as using a DNN. This similarity of performance is also shown to hold for images adhering to the conventional Mondrian World assumption (random reflectances lit by a single, per scene, randomly selected light source).
In vivo lentiviral vector gene therapy to cure hereditary tyrosinemia type 1 and prevent development of precancerous and cancerous lesions (2021)

Abstract Conventional therapy for hereditary tyrosinemia type-1 (HT1) with 2-(2-nitro-4-trifluoromethylbenzoyl)-1,3-cyclohexanedione (NTBC) delays and in some cases fails to prevent disease progression to liver fibrosis, liver failure, and activation of tumorigenic pathways. Here we demonstrate for the first time a cure of HT1 by direct, in vivo administration of a therapeutic lentiviral vector targeting the expression of a human fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase ( FAH ) transgene in the porcine model of HT1. This therapy was well tolerated and provided stable long-term expression of FAH in pigs with HT1. Genomic integration displayed a benign profile, with subsequent fibrosis and tumorigenicity gene expression patterns similar to wild-type animals as compared to NTBC-treated or diseased untreated animals. Indeed, the phenotypic and genomic data following in vivo lentiviral vector administration demonstrate comparative superiority over other therapies including ex vivo cell therapy and therefore support clinical application of this approach.
Second line therapies for the treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (2007)

Sunitinib is now the approved second line therapy following imatinib failure and for patients intolerant to imatinib. The clinical benefit is only moderate, and thyroid function monitoring is required. Several investigational agents are being evaluated for imatinib-resistant gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Palliative procedures, such as hepatic arterial embolization, also require study.
Regulation of cardiac microRNAs by serum response factor (2011)

Serum response factor (SRF) regulates certain microRNAs that play a role in cardiac and skeletal muscle development. However, the role of SRF in the regulation of microRNA expression and microRNA biogenesis in cardiac hypertrophy has not been well established. In this report, we employed two distinct transgenic mouse models to study the impact of SRF on cardiac microRNA expression and microRNA biogenesis. Cardiac-specific overexpression of SRF (SRF-Tg) led to altered expression of a number of microRNAs. Interestingly, downregulation of miR-1, miR-133a and upregulation of miR-21 occurred by 7 days of age in these mice, long before the onset of cardiac hypertrophy, suggesting that SRF overexpression impacted the expression of microRNAs which contribute to cardiac hypertrophy. Reducing cardiac SRF level using the antisense-SRF transgenic approach (Anti-SRF-Tg) resulted in the expression of miR-1, miR-133a and miR-21 in the opposite direction. Furthermore, we observed that SRF regulates microRNA biogenesis, specifically the transcription of pri-microRNA, thereby affecting the mature microRNA level. The mir-21 promoter sequence is conserved among mouse, rat and human; one SRF binding site was found to be in the mir-21 proximal promoter region of all three species. The mir-21 gene is regulated by SRF and its cofactors, including myocardin and p49/Strap. Our study demonstrates that the downregulation of miR-1, miR-133a, and upregulation of miR-21 can be reversed by one single upstream regulator, SRF. These results may help to develop novel therapeutic interventions targeting microRNA biogenesis.
ADV-ResNet: Residual Network with Controlled Adversarial Regularization for Effective Classification of Practical Time Series Under Training Data Scarcity Problem (2022)

Practical time series datasets in classification tasks often suffer from scarcity in number of training instances owing to the expenses associated with the annotation exercise. Deep learning algorithms generally demand sufficiency in the seen examples for its learning purposes. In this paper, we consider adversarial perturbation as the set of invariants such that a robust model can be constructed under the practical constraints of training sample scarcity. We propose ADV-ResNet that augments the learning ability of a Residual Network (ResNet) through adversarial regularization, where adversarial training is transformed to robust form of data augmentation. We propose novel algorithm for adversarial regularization factor computation that estimates the amount of regularization for controlled perturbation in the learning process. The intentional yet measured introduction of perturbations in the ResNet training process enables it to learn better under crafted and controlled perturbations that constitute unseen but important input space. Our empirical investigation on publicly available time series classification datasets (UCR time series archive) demonstrates the utility of ADV-ResNet through ablation study. The empirical evidence clearly indicates the superiority of ADV-ResNet over the baseline ResNet, as well as ADV-ResNet significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art time series classification models.
Mechanisms of Immunity in Post-Exposure Vaccination against Ebola Virus Infection (2015)

Ebolaviruses can cause severe hemorrhagic fever that is characterized by rapid viral replication, coagulopathy, inflammation, and high lethality rates. Although there is no clinically proven vaccine or treatment for Ebola virus infection, a virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine is effective in mice, guinea pigs, and non-human primates when given pre-infection. In this work, we report that VLPs protect Ebola virus-infected mice when given 24 hours post-infection. Analysis of cytokine expression in serum revealed a decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine levels in mice given VLPs post-exposure compared to infected, untreated mice. Using knockout mice, we show that VLP-mediated post-exposure protection requires perforin, B cells, macrophages, conventional dendritic cells (cDCs), and either CD4+ or CD8+ T cells. Protection was Ebola virus-specific, as marburgvirus VLPs did not protect Ebola virus-infected mice. Increased antibody production in VLP-treated mice correlated with protection, and macrophages were required for this increased production. However, NK cells, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha were not required for post-exposure-mediated protection. These data suggest that a non-replicating Ebola virus vaccine can provide post-exposure protection and that the mechanisms of immune protection in this setting require both increased antibody production and generation of cytotoxic T cells.
Hierarchical Modulations for Two-Level Transmission against Rain Fades in Satellite Broadcasting (2013)

A new family of 64ary hierarchical constellations for two level transmission is investigated in this paper. Constellation design is targeted to offer protection against rain fades for satellite broadcasting applications. This new family of constellations, derived from Amplitude Phase Shift Keying (APSK) designs, has low envelope fluctuations compared to other state of the art hierarchical constellations. It is also proven that it has superior performance compared to other types of two level transmissions such as time sharing.
Pharmacological study of SR 47436, a non-peptide angiotensin II AT1-receptor antagonist, in conscious monkeys (1993)

Objective: The hypotensive and hormonal responses of an ATT-subtype angiotensin II receptor antagonist, SR 47436, were investigated and compared with those of DuP 753 (losartan), the leading AT1-receptor antagonist, and captopril and enalapril, two major angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, in conscious, sodium-replete and sodium-depleted non-human primates. Design and method: Blood pressure and heart rate were measured in conscious, chronically instrumented sodium-replete (n = 3–5) and sodium-depleted (n = 4) cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). Plasma renin activity (PRA), active renin and angiotensin II plasma concentrations were determined. Results: SR 47436 induced a dose- and time-related fall in blood pressure in sodium-depleted monkeys; the blood pressure-lowering effect was obtained at a range of doses from one-third to one-tenth the equihypotensive dose of DuP 753 after intravenous and oral administrations. The hypotensive effect obtained with SR 47436 was similar to that of captopril and was sustained in sodium-replete monkeys, although it was weaker and less long-lasting than that of enalaprilat. In both sodium-depleted and sodium-replete monkeys the AT1 antagonist and ACE inhibitors caused similar increases in PRA and active renin. However, although angiotensin II levels increased after SR 47436 or DuP 753 treatment, they decreased after treatment with enalaprilat. Modest decreases in the heart rate sometimes accompanied the hypotension, irrespective of the compound tested. Conclusion: These data demonstrate that the AT1 antagonist SR 47436 is an effective hypotensive agent in both sodium-replete and sodium-depleted monkeys, with an intrinsic potency three to 10 times that of DuP 753 and similar to that of ACE inhibitors.
Paclitaxel encapsulated in cationic lipid complexes (MBT-0206) impairs functional tumor vascular properties as detected by dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (2006)

Cationic lipid complexes have been shown to be bound and internalized selectively by angiogenic tumor endothelial cells after intravenous injection. Based on this phenomenon, the chemotherapeutic agent paclitaxel was encapsulated into these lipid complexes providing a vascular targeting agent (MBT-0206). As noninvasive imaging techniques are of critical importance for optimizing antivascular cancer treatment in the clinic, we have evaluated the antivascular effects of MBT-0206 in the A-MEL-3 solid tumor model using dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI). Twenty-four hours after three intravenous applications of MBT-0206, tumors of treated animals demonstrated a significant decrease of intratumoral blood volume and an increase of vascular permeability in comparison to size-matched control tumors. In contrast, animals treated with conventional paclitaxel given as Taxol at equal drug dose did not show any significant differences in vascular parameters acquired by DCE-MRI in comparison to controls. Immunohistological analysis confirmed a significant reduction of microvessel density in MBT-0206 treated tumors. Moreover, a significant increase of intratumoral microvascular occlusion following MBT-0206 treatment was observed compared to controls and paclitaxel treated animals. In conclusion, antivascular tumor therapy with MBT-0206 significantly impairs functional tumor microcirculation. DCE-MRI is a promising tool to quantify the antivascular effects of MBT-0206 during treatment.
Transfer and characterization of silicon nanomembrane-based photonic devices on flexible polyimide substrate (2011)

In this paper, we report the transfer and characterization of in-plane silicon nanomembrane based photonic devices on a Kapton polyimide flexible substrate. Compared with electronic devices and surface normal optical devices, in-plane photonic devices have stringent requirements on transfer precision because any shift in the position or breakage can affect the performance of devices. Therefore, a supporting layer consisting of a photoresist is exploited to protect the device during the transfer process. A modified stamp-assisted transfer technique is employed in order to transfer nanomembrane devices onto the flexible film and the transfer of large aspect ratio (up to 4000) waveguides and 1x6 multimode interference (MMI) couplers on a flexible Kapton substrate is demonstrated. A two-step cleaving method is developed in order to prepare the facets of the transferred waveguides and in-plane light coupling into a 60&mu;m wide, 8mm long flexible waveguide from a lensed fiber is demonstrated. This demonstration opens limitless possibilities for a whole new area of high performance flexible photonic components using silicon nanomembrane technology.
Serum IGF-1 levels in men with advanced prostate cancer treated with the ERα agonist, GTx-758. (2013)

171 Background: The insulin pathway and, in particular, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), has been implicated in the development of prostate cancer, and serum IGF-1 levels have been associated with advanced disease. GTx-758, an ERα agonist that is being evaluated for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer, reduces serum total testosterone (T) and free T and increases SHBG. Herein, we compare the effects of GTx-758 and leuprolide on serum IGF-1 levels in men with advanced prostate cancer treated with ADT. Methods: In a Phase II study (G200705), men with advanced prostate cancer (n=159) received 1000 mg or 2000 mg of GTx-758 daily or leuprolide. Serum samples were collected from all of the men in the study and serum IGF-1 levels (ng/ml) were analyzed by a reference laboratory. All p values describe the comparison of GTx-758 treatment groups to the leuprolide treated men. Results: Through day 90, in men receiving the 1000 mg and 2000 mg doses of GTx-758 , serum IGF-1 levels were decreased by more than 70 ng/ml (greater than 50%), while levels stayed constant or increased slightly in men on leuprolide (p&lt;0.001). As a result of an increased risk of venous thromboembolic events (VTEs) at these higher doses of GTx-758, the trial was stopped prior to its completion, and not all of the men in the study reached the 90 day treatment date (92 men reached that date). Conclusions: In men with advanced prostate cancer, the ERα agonist, GTx-758, can decrease the active form of testosterone, serum free T, to significantly lower levels than leuprolide. Patients receiving GTx-758 experienced a significant decrease in serum IGF-1. Since changes in insulin metabolism are involved in regulating prostate cancer as well as bone and systemic metabolism, the observed decreases in IGF-1 could be significant. A Phase II clinical trial utilizing lower doses of GTx-758 (G200712) is currently ongoing to determine if similar effects can be observed with a lower rate of VTEs. Clinical trial information: NCT01326312.
Luminescence of non-bridging oxygen hole centers in crystalline SiO2 (2014)

Oxygen dangling bonds (nonbridging oxygen hole centers, NBOHCs), which are characteristic to amorphous SiO2, were studied in amorphized regions of neutron-irradiated α-quartz crystal and on their boundaries by time-resolved site-selective photoluminescence (PL) at 20K. Along with the usual disorder-broadened PL band of NBOHCs, sharp, 'crystal-like' zero-phonon lines (ZPLs), whose positions do not shift with the excitation wavelength, are observed. In addition to the previously reported NBOHCs with ZPL at 1.933 eV, a second sub-type of NBOHCs with ZPL at 1.883 eV is confirmed by observation of its vibrational sideband due to Si-(dangling O) stretching mode (897cm−1) under resonance 1.883eV excitation. A third sub-type of NBOHCs with an excitation energy at 1.879 eV, distinguished by a strong coupling to low-energy (66 cm−1) vibrational mode is found. This mode is weakly coupled also to the other two sub-types of NBOHCs.
Microseismic shearing generated by fringe cracks and bedding-plane slip (2014)

Summary Natural joint structures in layered rock provide an analog for interpreting patterns of hydraulic-fracture microseismicity often observed in unconventional gas reservoir. We interpret systematic patterns of source locations and mechanisms in terms of fringe cracks and bedding-plane slip as the hydraulic fracture encounters layer interfaces. In this sense the microseismicity provides a direct picture of tensile fracture growth through a reservoir, highlighting the deformation at and near bedding boundaries as the hydraulic fracture rips through or along layer interfaces. Understanding these processes is important in imaging the reservoir accessed and drained by injection stimulation.
Abstract 5788: VCAM-1 Targeted PET-CT Detects Inflammatory Atherosclerotic Plaques (2008)

Hybrid PET-CT imaging of VCAM-1 expression and vascular anatomy may facilitate simultaneous assessment of atherosclerotic lesion biology and morphology, and enhance risk assessment in individual patients. We used combined in vitro/in vivo screening of candidate affinity ligands and developed a PET reporter for imaging VCAM-1 expression with high sensitivity, specificity and translational potential. Three different phage display-derived VCAM-1 affinity peptides were tested using immobilized VCAM-1, VCAM-1 expressing cells and apoE−/− mice. A compound with a linear peptide and arborising tetrameric design showed high affinity (86.6 nM) and specificity for VCAM-1 (97% inhibition with soluble VCAM-1). This lead compound was derivatized with 18Fluorine to synthesize the clinically viable PET agent 18F-4V. In vivo PET-CT imaging showed robust uptake of 18F-4V in plaque laden arterial sections from 8 apoE−/− mice, significantly higher than in 4 wild type mice and attenuated by atorvastatin treatment (p&lt;0.05). 18F-4V uptake was confirmed in excised aortas, colocalized with atherosclerotic plaques delineated by Oil Red O staining and correlated with mRNA levels of VCAM-1 measured by quantitative RT-PCR (R2=0.62, p=0.03). 18F-4V allows noninvasive PET-CT imaging of VCAM-1 in atheromata, has sufficient dynamic range to quantify treatment effects, and correlates with inflammatory gene expression. This approach lends itself to seamless translation to human PET-CT imaging.
Mitigation of Passive Intermodulation on Planar Microstrip Circuits with Distributed Current-Driven Nonlinearities (2018)

This paper presents a simple technique for effective mitigation of passive intermodulation generated in planar microwave circuits fabricated on commercial printed circuit board laminates. The proposed procedure is based on covering the edges of a microstrip lines with a material of a high dielectric constant, which reduces the electric field intensity (displacement field) and, hence, nonlinear distortions due to high current density. The obtained results indicate that proper choice of electrical and geometric parameters of the coating dielectric material result in a significant mitigation of passive intermodulation, while small-signal scattering parameters of the measured circuit remain constant.
Pathology Quiz Case 2 (2010)

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Expanding the potential for disk-directed I/O (2002)

As parallel computers are increasingly used to run scientific applications with large data sets, and as processor speeds continue to increase, it becomes more important to provide fast, effective parallel file systems for data storage and for temporary files. In an earlier work we demonstrated that a technique we call disk-directed I/O has the potential to provide consistent high performance for large, collective, structured I/O requests. In this paper we expand on this potential by demonstrating the ability of a disk-directed I/O system to read irregular subsets of data from a file, and to filter and distribute incoming data according to data-dependent functions.