gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Smoke Detection for the Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle (2009)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV) requires a smoke detector for the detection of particulate smoke products as part of the Fire Detection and Suppression (FDS) system. The smoke detector described in this paper is an adaptation of a mature commercial aircraft design for manned spaceflight. Changes made to the original design include upgrading the materials and electronics to space-qualified components, and modifying the mechanical design to withstand launch and landing loads. The results of laboratory characterization of the response of the new design to test particles are presented.&lt;/div&gt;
Optimization of a linear induction oscillatory machine in a stirling cogeneration system (2007)

The simultaneous production of heat and power at a small-scale is already a well known technique. Cogeneration is one of the main ways to bring about decentralized, embedded, localized and/or autonomous power production. However, it is still a challenge to design cogenerators to be below 10 kW as required for the smallest applications such as providing heat and power to a single house. This paper specifically presents an automated procedure to optimize the generator performances of a micro-cogenerator. The procedure uses a steady-state analytical model of the generator to determine the parameters of its dynamical model. Then, the micro-cogenerator dynamics are simulated to calculate two accurate objective functions that are minimized by a genetic algorithm.
Highly Tunable Magnetic and Magnetotransport Properties of Exchange Coupled Ferromagnet/Antiferromagnet-Based Heterostructures (2021)

Antiferromagnets (AFMs) with zero net magnetization are proposed as active elements in future spintronic devices. Depending on the critical film thickness and measurement temperature, bimetallic Mn-based alloys and transition-metal oxide-based AFMs can host various coexisting ordered, disordered, and frustrated AFM phases. Such coexisting phases in the exchange coupled ferromagnetic (FM)/AFM-based heterostructures can result in unusual magnetic and magnetotransport phenomena. Here, we integrate chemically disordered AFM γ-IrMn<sub>3</sub> thin films with coexisting AFM phases into complex exchange coupled MgO(001)/γ-Ni<sub>3</sub>Fe/γ-IrMn<sub>3</sub>/γ-Ni<sub>3</sub>Fe/CoO heterostructures and study the structural, magnetic, and magnetotransport properties in various magnetic field cooling states. In particular, we unveil the impact of rotating the relative orientation of the thermally disordered and reversible AFM moments with respect to the irreversible AFM moments on the magnetic and magnetotransport properties of the exchange coupled heterostructures. We further reveal that the persistence of thermally disordered and reversible AFM moments is crucial for achieving highly tunable magnetic properties and multilevel magnetoresistance states. We anticipate that the presented approach and the heterostructure architecture can be utilized in future spintronic devices to manipulate the thermally disordered and reversible AFM moments at the nanoscale.
Sbds Deficient Neutrophils Exhibit Normal Numbers, Chemotaxis and Phagocytic Functions, but Impaired NADPH Oxidase Activity. (2006)

Abstract Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS) is a recessive disease with multi-system involvement, and is characterized by hematological dysfunction, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and skeletal abnormalities. Recurrent infections are a major cause of morbidity for SDS patients, due to neutropenia and proposed defects in neutrophil functions. SDS is caused by mutations in SBDS, a highly conserved gene that has been suggested to be involved in RNA metabolism and/or ribosome biogenesis. A conditional Cre-Lox Sbds allele was generated in the mouse using gene targeting technology, as complete ablation of Sbds has been shown to lead to early embryonic lethality. To investigate neutrophil functions and their specific sensitivity to loss of Sbds, we elected to delete the gene by breeding mice with the conditional allele to mice with Cre recombinase under the control of the lysozyme M promoter. While Sbds was confirmed to be ablated in mature neutrophils in adult offspring mice, their numbers and morphology were found to be normal in peripheral blood. Sbds-ablated neutrophils were also found to have normal chemotatic and chemokinetic abilities, and they demonstrated phagocytic function comparable to neutrophils of control mice. In contrast, NADPH oxidase activity was observed to be greatly reduced in response to phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate stimulation, while the expression levels and phosphorylation of the NADPH oxidase complex components remained intact. To evaluate the net effect of the loss of Sbds in vivo, clearance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from infected lungs was investigated, and found to be significantly reduced in mice with Sbds-abated neutrophils compared their wild type littermates. In summary, loss of Sbds does not to affect total peripheral neutrophil numbers directly, or chemotaxis and phagocytic abilities, but was essential for a robust NADPH oxidase response. These findings suggest that neutrophils are compromised with loss of Sbds, but that at least some of the neutrophil deficiencies of SDS patients are likely due to microenvironment deficiencies, or early hematopoiesis abnormalities.
Design and Control of an Active Reset Circuit for Pulse Transformers (2008)

In pulse modulators applying pulse transformers reset circuits are used to achieve optimal utilization of the core material, which results in lower costs, downsized pulse transformer/system volume and therefore in an improved pulse behavior due to the smaller parasitics. Because of its simplicity the most common method to reset the core is a dc reset circuit, where a dc current is used to premagnetize the core. However, the dc reset circuit - even with an optimal design - leads to significant losses in the freewheeling path. By applying an active reset method the losses due to the passive reset circuit can be significantly. So far, only the theoretical behavior of the active reset circuit has been examined. Therefore, the detailed design and measurement results are presented in this paper. Furthermore, a new control method for achieving symmetrical flux swings in the core are presented.
Side Channels in Cloud Services: Deduplication in Cloud Storage (2010)

As the volume of data increases, so does the demand for online storage services, from simple backup services to cloud storage infrastructures. Although deduplication is most effective when applied across multiple users, cross-user deduplication has serious privacy implications. Some simple mechanisms can enable cross-user deduplication while greatly reducing the risk of data leakage. Cloud storage refers to scalable and elastic storage capabilities delivered as a service using Internet technologies with elastic provisioning and usebased pricing that doesn't penalize users for changing their storage consumption without notice.
Donor–acceptor copolymers for red‐ and near‐infrared‐emitting polymer light‐emitting diodes (2005)

Abstract We report a comparative study of two organic soluble, vinylene‐based, alternating donor–acceptor copolymers with 1,4‐(2,5‐dihexadecyloxyphenylene) as the donor; the acceptor is either a 2,5‐linked pyridine or a 5,8‐linked 2,3‐diphenylpyrido[3,4‐ b ]pyrazine. The polymers are synthesized via a Heck coupling methodology from a dihalo monomer and a divinyl monomer to yield number‐average molecular weights of 16,000 g/mol for the pyridine polymer (PPyrPV) and 6500 g/mol for the pyridopyrazine polymer (PPyrPyrPV), with high solubility in common chlorinated solvents and lower solubility in less polar solvents (e.g., tetrahydrofuran). Thin‐film measurements show band gaps of 2.2 and 1.8 eV for PPyrPV and PPyrPyrPV, respectively. Both polymers exhibit photoluminescence in solution and in the solid state and exhibit electroluminescence when incorporated into light‐emitting diodes. In this case, a broad red emission centered at 690 nm for PPyrPV and a near‐infrared emission centered at 800 nm for PPyrPyrPV have been observed. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 1417–1431, 2005
Structural Characterization of GNNQQNY Amyloid Fibrils by Magic Angle Spinning NMR (2010)

Several human diseases are associated with the formation of amyloid aggregates, but experimental characterization of these amyloid fibrils and their oligomeric precursors has remained challenging. Experimental and computational analysis of simpler model systems has therefore been necessary, for instance, on the peptide fragment GNNQQNY&lt;sub&gt;7−13&lt;/sub&gt; of yeast prion protein Sup35p. Expanding on a previous publication, we report here a detailed structural characterization of GNNQQNY fibrils using magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR. On the basis of additional chemical shift assignments we confirm the coexistence of three distinct peptide conformations within the fibrillar samples, as reflected in substantial chemical shift differences. Backbone torsion angle measurements indicate that the basic structure of these coexisting conformers is an extended β-sheet. We structurally characterize a previously identified localized distortion of the β-strand backbone specific to one of the conformers. Intermolecular contacts are consistent with each of the conformers being present in its own parallel and in-register sheet. Overall the MAS NMR data indicate a substantial difference between the structure of the fibrillar and crystalline forms of these peptides, with a clearly increased complexity in the GNNQQNY fibril structure. These experimental data can provide guidance for future work, both experimental and theoretical, and provide insights into the distinction between fibril growth and crystal formation.
A novel small molecule that induces cytotoxicity in lung cancer cells inhibits disulfide reductases GSR and TXNRD1 (2021)

Abstract High-throughput phenotype-based screening of large libraries of novel compounds without known targets can identify small molecules that elicit a desired cellular response, but additional approaches are required to find and characterize their targets and mechanisms of action. Here we show that a compound termed lung cancer screen 3 (LCS3), previously selected for its ability to impair the growth of human lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) cell lines, but not normal lung cells, induces oxidative stress and activates the NRF2 signaling pathway by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) in sensitive LUAD cell lines. To identify the target that mediates this effect, we applied thermal proteome profiling (TPP) and uncovered the disulfide reductases GSR and TXNRD1 as LCS3 targets. Through enzymatic assays using purified protein, we confirmed that LCS3 inhibits disulfide reductase activity through a reversible, uncompetitive mechanism. Further, we demonstrate that LCS3-sensitive LUAD cells are correspondingly sensitive to the synergistic inhibition of glutathione and thioredoxin pathways. Lastly, a genome-wide CRISPR knockout screen identified the loss of NQO1 as a mechanism of LCS3 resistance. This work highlights the ability of TPP to uncover targets of small molecules identified by high-throughput screens and demonstrates the potential utility of inhibiting disulfide reductases as a therapeutic strategy for LUAD.
A data structure for a sequence of string accesses in external memory (2007)

We introduce a new paradigm for querying strings in external memory, suited to the execution of sequences of operations. Formally, given a dictionary of n strings S1, …, Sn, we aim at supporting a search sequence for m not necessarily distinct strings T1, T2, …, Tm, as well as inserting and deleting individual strings. The dictionary is stored on disk, where each access to a disk page fetches B items, the cost of an operation is the number of pages accessed (I/Os), and efficiency must be attained on entire sequences of string operations rather than on individual ones.
Inherited pulmonary surfactant metabolism disorders in Argentina: Differences between patients with SFTPC and ABCA3 variants (2022)

Clinical, histological, and radiological features are similar in patients with SFTPC and ABCA3 variants; however, the latter have more severe clinical course. Current anti-inflammatory regimens do not appear to stop the progression of the disease.
Simulation of spectral reflectance of multiple scattering medium using the Mie theory combined with the Monte Carlo method (2003)

We present the method which can calculate the spectral reflectance from physical parameters corresponding to the pathological features, e.g. average size of cell nuclei and standard deviation of cell nuclear size distribution, in consideration of multiple scattering in biological tissue. In this paper, the method combined the Monte Carlo method which simulates multiple scattering effects and the Mie theory which provides phase function (angular properties of light scattering) and scattering coefficient was employed. In order to investigate the validity of this method, the calculated spectra by the method and Monte Carlo method with Henyey-Greenstein phase functions were compared with measurement spectra derived from the tissue phantom whose size distribution has double peaks. From the results, it is shown that the method can better predict the spectral reflectance of tissue phantom rather than Monte Carlo method with Henyey-Greenstein phase function.
Fast Sensitive Ultra-Low Power Micro Thermal Conductivity Gas Sensor (2014)

Abstract A miniature, ultra-low power, sensitive, microbridge-based thermal conductivity gas sensor has been developed. The batch fabrication of the sensors was realized by CMOS compatible processes and surface micromachining techniques. Doped polysilicon was used as the structural material of the suspended sensing element with critical dimension of 500 nm. To understand the design of the sensors, a model of the suspended element was simulated in COMSOL that couples electrical and thermal physics together and includes minimal simplifications. Modeling results coincide with experimental data in predicting resistance changes. The sensor was tested with nitrogen, carbon dioxide, helium and methane. An electronic circuit was developed to measure very fine changes in the signal output and to keep the signal to noise ratio such that ppm detection is possible, while exciting the sensor at minimal power levels. The sensor was able to detect ppm levels of helium, methane, or carbon dioxide in nitrogen at room temperature. The sensor can make a measurement in less than 2 ms consuming only 5 nJ or power per reading. The transient as well as steady state response was investigated as potential indicator of gas thermal capacity; as thermal conductivity and thermal capacity are independent properties of a gas, this new approach may enable MicroTCD sensors to make detections in gas mixtures by thermal analysis [1]. [1]U.S. Patent 8,426,932 B2, April 23, 2013, Apparatus and Method for Microfabricated Multidimensional Sensors and Sensing Systems, Joseph R. Stetter.
Variance Owing to Observer, Repeat Imaging, and Fundus Camera Type on Cup-to-disc Ratio Estimates by Stereo Planimetry (2009)

Interobserver variability was the largest source of variation for glaucoma specialists, whereas their interrepeat and intercamera variability is comparable with that of the algorithm. DAP reduces variability on LCDR estimates from simultaneous stereo images, such as the Nidek 3Dx.
A novel tau mutation, S320F, causes a tauopathy with inclusions similar to those in Pick's disease (2002)

Mutations in the tau gene cause familial frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17. In this article, we describe a novel missense mutation, S320F, in the tau gene in a family with presenile dementia. To our knowledge, it is the first mutation to be described in exon 11 of tau. The proband died at age 53 years, after a disease duration of 15 years, and autopsy revealed a neuropathological picture similar to Pick's disease. Recombinant tau protein with the S320F mutation showed a greatly reduced ability to promote microtubule assembly.
Inclusive and differential measurements of the tt¯ charge asymmetry in proton–proton collisions at s=7 TeV (2012)

The tt¯ charge asymmetry is measured in events containing a charged lepton (electron or muon) and at least four jets, one of which is identified as originating from b-quark hadronization. The analyzed dataset corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb−1 collected with the CMS detector at the LHC. An inclusive and three differential measurements of the tt¯ charge asymmetry as a function of rapidity, transverse momentum, and invariant mass of the tt¯ system are presented. The measured inclusive tt¯ charge asymmetry is AC=0.004±0.010(stat.)±0.011(syst.). This result and the three differential measurements are consistent with zero asymmetry as well as with the predictions of the standard model.
Hybrid Consistency Training with Prototype Adaptation for Few-Shot Learning (2020)

Few-Shot Learning (FSL) aims to improve a model's generalization capability in low data regimes. Recent FSL works have made steady progress via metric learning, meta learning, representation learning, etc. However, FSL remains challenging due to the following longstanding difficulties. 1) The seen and unseen classes are disjoint, resulting in a distribution shift between training and testing. 2) During testing, labeled data of previously unseen classes is sparse, making it difficult to reliably extrapolate from labeled support examples to unlabeled query examples. To tackle the first challenge, we introduce Hybrid Consistency Training to jointly leverage interpolation consistency, including interpolating hidden features, that imposes linear behavior locally and data augmentation consistency that learns robust embeddings against sample variations. As for the second challenge, we use unlabeled examples to iteratively normalize features and adapt prototypes, as opposed to commonly used one-time update, for more reliable prototype-based transductive inference. We show that our method generates a 2% to 5% improvement over the state-of-the-art methods with similar backbones on five FSL datasets and, more notably, a 7% to 8% improvement for more challenging cross-domain FSL.
DeepLoRa (2021)

The Long Range (LoRa) protocol for low-power wide-area networks (LPWANs) is a strong candidate to enable the massive roll-out of the Internet of Things (IoT) because of its low cost, impressive sensitivity (-137dBm), and massive scalability potential. As tens of thousands of tiny LoRa devices are deployed over large geographic areas, a key component to the success of LoRa will be the development of reliable and robust authentication mechanisms. To this end, Radio Frequency Fingerprinting (RFFP) through deep learning (DL) has been heralded as an effective zero-power supplement or alternative to energy-hungry cryptography. Existing work on LoRa RFFP has mostly focused on small-scale testbeds and low-dimensional learning techniques; however, many challenges remain. Key among them are authentication techniques robust to a wide variety of channel variations over time and supporting a vast population of devices.
Acoustic model training based on node-wise weight boundary model increasing speed of discrete neural networks (2015)

Our purpose is to realize discrete neural networks (NNs), whose some parameters are discretized, as a low-resource and fast NNs for acoustic models. Two essential problems should be tackled for its realization; 1) the reduction of discretization errors and 2) the implementation method for fast processing. We propose a new parameter training algorithm for 1) and an implementation using look-up table (LUT) on general-purpose CPUs for 2), respectively. The former can set proper boundaries of discretization at each node of NNs, resulting in the reduction of discretization error. The latter can reduce the memory usage of NNs within the cache size of CPU by encoding parameters of NNs. Experiments with 2-bit discrete NNs showed that our algorithm maintained almost the same word accuracy as 8-bit discrete NNs and achieved a 40% increase in speed of the NN's forward calculation.
Step-Growth Polymerisation of Alkyl Acrylates via Concomitant Oxa-Michael and Transesterification Reactions (2020)

Herein we propose an auto-tandem catalytic approach towards the preparation of poly(ester-ether)s from simple alkyl acrylates and diols. By combining oxa-Michael addition with transesterification the preparation of hydroxy functionalised acrylate monomers can be avoided.&lt;br&gt;
Line Shape Measurements of CO Using Frequency Comb Based Cavity-Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy (2018)

We performed measurements of overtone band of CO using a frequency comb based cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy and Fourier-transform spectrometer with sub-nominal resolution. The technique allows to measure and determine precisely line-shape parameters in wide range.
A family of memristor‐based reactance‐less oscillators (2013)

SUMMARY In this paper, we present for the first time a family of memristor‐based reactance‐less oscillators (MRLOs). The proposed oscillators require no reactive components, that is, inductors or capacitors, rather, the ‘resistance storage’ property of memristor is exploited to generate the oscillation. Different types of MRLO family are presented, and for each type, closed form expressions are derived for the oscillation condition, oscillation frequency, and range of oscillation. Derived equations are further verified using transient circuit simulations. A comparison between different MRLO types is also discussed. In addition, detailed fabrication steps of a memristor device and experimental results for the first MRLO physical realization are presented. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-stimulated calcium release from rat cerebellar microsomal fractions. Comparison with [3H]inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate binding. (1988)

The abilities of D-myo-inositol phosphates (InsPs) to promote Ca2+ release and to compete for D-myo-[3H]-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate [( 3H]Ins(1,4,5)P3) binding were examined with microsomal preparations from rat cerebellum. Of the seven InsPs examined, only Ins(1,4,5)P3, Ins(2,4,5)P3 and Ins(4,5)P2 stimulated the release of Ca2+. Ca2+ release was maximal in 4-6 s and was followed by a rapid re-accumulation of Ca2+ into the Ins(1,4,5)P3-sensitive compartment after Ins(1,4,5)P3, but not after Ins(2,4,5)P3 or Ins(4,5)P2. Ca2+ re-accumulation after Ins(1,4,5)P3 was also faster than after pulse additions of Ca2+, and coincided with the metabolism of [3H]Ins(1,4,5)P3. These data suggest that Ins(1,4,5)P3-induced Ca2+ release and the accompanying decrease in intraluminal Ca2+ stimulate the Ca2+ pump associated with the Ins(1,4,5)P3-sensitive compartment. That this effect was observed only after Ins(1,4,5)P3 may reflect differences in either the metabolic rates of the various InsPs or an effect of the Ins(1,4,5)P3 metabolite Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 to stimulate refilling of the Ins(1,4,5)P3-sensitive store. InsP-induced Ca2+ release was concentration-dependent, with EC50 values (concn. giving half-maximal release) of 60, 800 and 6500 nM for Ins(1,4,5)P3, Ins(2,4,5)P3 and Ins(4,5)P2 respectively. Ins(1,4,5)P3, Ins(2,4,5)P3 and Ins(4,5)P2 also competed for [3H]Ins(1,4,5)P3 binding, with respective IC50 values (concn. giving 50% inhibition) of 100, 850 and 13,000 nM. Comparison of the EC50 and IC50 values yielded a significant correlation (r = 0.991). These data provide evidence of an association between the [3H]Ins(1,4,5)P3-binding site and the receptor mediating Ins(1,4,5)P3-induced Ca2+ release.