gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Hydrogen Storage Kinetics of LiBH4in Nanoporous Carbon Scaffolds (2008)

Enhanced kinetics for hydrogen exchange in LiBH4 incorporated within nanoporous carbon scaffolds are described. Dehydrogenation rates up to 50 times faster than those in the bulk material are measured at 300 °C in a nanostructured hydride formed by filling a porous carbon aerogel host with LiBH4. Furthermore, the activation energy for hydrogen desorption, measured using the approach developed by Ozawa, is reduced from 146 kJ/mol for bulk LiBH4 to 103 kJ/mol for nanostructured LiBH4, and the faster kinetics result in desorption temperatures that are reduced by up to 75 °C. In addition, nanostructured hydrides exhibit increased cycling capacity over multiple sorption cycles. This work demonstrates that confinement within a porous scaffold host is a promising approach for enhancing hydrogen uptake and release in reversible light-metal complex hydrides.
Leakage current in high density CCD memory structures (1981)

Measurements of leakage currents in a Series-Parallel-Series Charge Coupled Device memory will be discussed. Advanced MOS processing has strongly reduced the depletion layer generated leakage current and now diffusion of minority carriers from the bulk has become the dominant leakage contribution. A simple analytical model, taking into account the substrate parameters and the geometry of the structure, describes the experiments very well. Memory structures made on PP <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> -epitaxial material have smaller leakage currents and particularly the lateral in flow of electrons generated outside the active area is severely suppressed. A fundamental lower limit of the leakage current from a P <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> substrate will be given.
High temperature synthesis of high silica zeolite Y with good crystallinity in the presence of N-methylpyridinium iodide (2013)

A novel synthetic route is designed, employing both high temperature and a nontoxic organic structure-directing agent (SDA), for the synthesis of high silica zeolite Y. The N-methylpyridinium used as an organic SDA is stable during the synthesis, and the high silica zeolite Y shows high hydrothermal stability and good catalytic performance, as well as excellent adsorptive properties.
Instrução pelos colegas e ensino sob medida: uma proposta para o engajamento dos alunos no processo de ensino-aprendizagem de Física (2013)

Improving one’s professional and academic training on many levels requires rethinking the role of formal teaching strategies. In education time and again educational research highlights the problems associated with employing lectures almost exclusively as an instructional strategy. Whether due to the lack of infrastructure for implementing new solutions, inertia of the school system or even the lack of viable alternative choices, this ancient strategy is still ubiquitous in the school environment, regardless of the associated learning outcomes. The so-called “traditional” teaching method of lecture is strongly correlated with rote learning and the absence of students’ motivation to learn. There are several abstract, general pedagogical theories about this situation that teachers may employ. However, there are few concrete alternatives to help teachers, particularly in physics at both the high school and higher education introductory level. With this in mind, we describe and encourage the combined use of two methods of teaching that are focused on meaningful learning of concepts and procedures, and we provide practical advice to facilitate their implementation in the classroom.
Integrated Molecular Signature of Disease: Analysis of Influenza Virus-Infected Macaques through Functional Genomics and Proteomics (2006)

Recent outbreaks of avian influenza in humans have stressed the need for an improved nonhuman primate model of influenza pathogenesis. In order to further develop a macaque model, we expanded our previous in vivo genomics experiments with influenza virus-infected macaques by focusing on the innate immune response at day 2 postinoculation and on gene expression in affected lung tissue with viral genetic material present. Finally, we sought to identify signature genes for early infection in whole blood. For these purposes, we infected six pigtailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) with reconstructed influenza A/Texas/36/91 virus and three control animals with a sham inoculate. We sacrificed one control and two experimental animals at days 2, 4, and 7 postinfection. Lung tissue was harvested for pathology, gene expression profiling, and proteomics. Blood was collected for genomics every other day from each animal until the experimental endpoint. Gross and microscopic pathology, immunohistochemistry, viral gene expression by arrays, and/or quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR confirmed successful yet mild infections in all experimental animals. Genomic experiments were performed using macaque-specific oligonucleotide arrays, and high-throughput proteomics revealed the host response to infection at the mRNA and protein levels. Our data showed dramatic differences in gene expression within regions in influenza virus-induced lesions based on the presence or absence of viral mRNA. We also identified genes tightly coregulated in peripheral white blood cells and in lung tissue at day 2 postinoculation. This latter finding opens the possibility of using gene expression arrays on whole blood to detect infection after exposure but prior to onset of symptoms or shedding.
Impact of hydrogen loading on the fabrication of fiber Bragg gratings with ultrafast 800 nm laser radiation (2003)

Fiber Bragg Gratings were written in hydrogen loaded fiber with ultrafast 800nm radiation. Improvements in fiber photosensitivity in the IR were observed in H2 loaded SMF-28 while no improvement in SiO2 core fibre were observed.
Left Internal Mammary Artery as an Endocrine Organ: Insights Into Graft Biology and Long-term Impact Following Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (2023)

The left internal mammary artery (LIMA) is considered the criterion standard vessel for use in coronary artery bypass grafting. In recent decades, countless studies have documented its superiority over other arterial and venous coronary artery bypass grafting conduits, although the full mechanisms for this superiority remain unknown. A growing body of literature has unveiled the importance of extracellular vesicles known as exosomes in cardiovascular signaling and various pathologic states. In this review, we briefly compare the clinical longevity of the LIMA relative to other conduits, explore the effects of varying grafting techniques on clinical and angiographic outcomes, and provide physiologic insights into graft function on a cellular and molecular level. Finally, we explore exosome signaling as it pertains to atherosclerosis in support of the LIMA as an "endocrine organ."
Autosomal codominant inheritance and Japanese incidence of deficiency of OKT4 epitope with lack of reactivity resulting from conformational change. (1993)

A large Japanese family in which some members were homozygous or heterozygous for OKT4 epitope deficiency was studied. Homozygotes, heterozygotes, and normal individuals were identified by differences in the number of OKT4 epitopes on the surfaces of lymphocytes. This deficiency was transmitted as an autosomal codominant trait. The internalization of CD4 molecules and the production of IL-2 by lymphocytes of these subjects were examined. The OKT4 epitope was not needed for internalization of CD4 molecules, and IL-2 was produced in the same amounts by these different kinds of subjects. DNA from four clones lacking OKT4 established from four individuals of this family was sequenced. As reported elsewhere for different subjects, a single nucleotide substitution (CGG-->TGG) was found in all four cell lines. The mutation results in arginine being replaced by tryptophan. Analysis showed different hydrophobicity at positions 239 and 240 from the control, probably giving rise to a conformational change in CD4 accounting for lack of reactivity with the OKT4 monoclonal antibody. The incidence of homozygotes in the Japanese population was found to be 0.47% by examination of 1478 random samples, and on the basis of this value, the incidence of heterozygotes was estimated to be 12.8%.
Personal Media Producer: A System for Creating 3D CG Animation from Mobile Phone E-mail (2006)

Mobile phone e-mail is increasingly being chosen by consumers as their primary communication tool. Messages exchanged among mobile phone users frequently contain emoticons (smileys) and emoji (pictograms). Some consumers have started to use services that add a relevant animated image to a message. Consumers will start to exchange animated messages if they are available. This paper proposes a method of generating animation sequences from plain text messages without an authoring process. This method utilizes information available in the consumer's ubiquitous computing environment to obtain necessary information not included in the original e-mail. The results of the preliminary evaluation show that a user needs around two minutes to create a one-minute animation using this method, a 3.6 times improvement in creation efficiency over that of a prior method.
Intraocular retinal prosthesis test device (2005)

Abstract : There is a growing interest in the development of a retinal prosthesis device based on a number of successful experiments that have demonstrated electrical stimulation of retinal tissue. An introcular retinal prosthesis test device is currently under development at NRL/JHU. The general approach and technology development issues are discussed as well as some neurophysiology interface issues. The final device will enable acute human experiments in an operating room environment.
Syntheses and crystal structures of binuclear gold(i), silver(i) and copper(i) complexes containing bulky pyridyl functionalised alkyl ligands (2001)

Treatment of (CO)AuCl, CuCl or AgNO3 with 2-LiC(SiMe3)2-Py-6-CH2R gives the binuclear metal compounds [M2(μ-2-C(SiMe3)2-6-CH2RPy)2] [R = H, M = Au (1), Cu (2) and Ag (3); R = Me3Si, M = Cu (4)]. The dimeric structures of complexes 1, 2 and 4 have been established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The complexes are centrosymmetric with each ligand bridging the two metal centres which are in close proximity to each other [M⋯M 2.690(2) Å in 1, 2.436(1) Å in 2 and 2.431(1) Å in 4].
Contutto (2017)

We demonstrate the use of an FPGA as a memory buffer in a POWER8® system, creating a novel prototyping platform that enables innovation in the memory subsystem of POWER-based servers. Our platform, called ConTutto, is pin-compatible with POWER8 buffered memory DIMMs and plugs into a memory slot of a standard POWER8 processor system, running at aggregate memory channel speeds of 35 GB/s per link. ConTutto, which means "with everything", is a platform to experiment with different memory technologies, such as STT-MRAM and NAND Flash, in an end-to-end system context. Enablement of STT-MRAM and NVDIMM using ConTutto shows up to 12.5x lower latency and 7.5x higher bandwidth compared to the respective technologies when attached to the PCIe bus. Moreover, due to the unique attach-point of the FPGA between the processor and system memory, ConTutto provides a means for in-line acceleration of certain computations on-route to memory, and enables sensitivity analysis for memory latency while running real applications. To the best of our knowledge, ConTutto is the first ever FPGA platform on the memory bus of a server class processor.
Focus Your Distribution: Coarse-to-Fine Non-Contrastive Learning for Anomaly Detection and Localization (2021)

The essence of unsupervised anomaly detection is to learn the compact distribution of normal samples and detect outliers as anomalies in testing. Meanwhile, the anomalies in real-world are usually subtle and fine-grained in a high-resolution image especially for industrial applications. Towards this end, we propose a novel framework for unsupervised anomaly detection and localization. Our method aims at learning dense and compact distribution from normal images with a coarse-to-fine alignment process. The coarse alignment stage standardizes the pixel-wise position of objects in both image and feature levels. The fine alignment stage then densely maximizes the similarity of features among all corresponding locations in a batch. To facilitate the learning with only normal images, we propose a new pretext task called non-contrastive learning for the fine alignment stage. Non-contrastive learning extracts robust and discriminating normal image representations without making assumptions on abnormal samples, and it thus empowers our model to generalize to various anomalous scenarios. Extensive experiments on two typical industrial datasets of MVTec AD and BenTech AD demonstrate that our framework is effective in detecting various real-world defects and achieves a new state-of-the-art in industrial unsupervised anomaly detection.
Localization of collective dipole excitations on fractals (1993)

Dipole optical excitations on fractals are numerically simulated. It is shown that dipole eigenmodes of fractals are localized. The corresponding localization length dependence on the generalized frequency parameter (dispersion law) has been calculated. The value of optical spectral dimension found from the dispersion relations is in agreement with the result obtained earlier from calculations of the density of eigenstates.
Pharmacodynamics of benserazide assessed by its effects on endogenous and exogenous levodopa pharmacokinetics* (1997)

The benserazide-dose response data obtained suggest that even at very high doses extracerebral decarboxylase is not yet completely inhibited.
Digital Circuit Design Challenges and Opportunities in the Era of Nanoscale CMOS (2008)

Well-designed circuits are one key ldquoinsulatingrdquo layer between the increasingly unruly behavior of scaled complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor devices and the systems we seek to construct from them. As we move forward into the nanoscale regime, circuit design is burdened to ldquohiderdquo more of the problems intrinsic to deeply scaled devices. How this is being accomplished is the subject of this paper. We discuss new techniques for logic circuits and interconnect, for memory, and for clock and power distribution. We survey work to build accurate simulation models for nanoscale devices. We discuss the unique problems posed by nanoscale lithography and the role of geometrically regular circuits as one promising solution. Finally, we look at recent computer-aided design efforts in modeling, analysis, and optimization for nanoscale designs with ever increasing amounts of statistical variation.
A cleaner processing approach for cellulose reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane nanocomposites (2022)

Abstract In a manner of addressing challenges in scalable processing of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) nanocomposites through extrusion methods, this study reports a very clean processing approach of incorporating cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) into a TPU matrix, with no acid or organic‐solvents usage. It involves a mechanical deconstruction of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) into nanoscale particles in water and polyol through scalable bead‐milling, vacuum drying, and followed by twin‐screw reactive extrusion with isocyanate and chain extender. The thermal stability of CNC was higher than that of typically acid‐hydrolyzed CNC and suitable for processing with the precursors of TPU at typical processing temperature range (175–190°C). The CNC incorporation at very low loadings (0.5, 0.8 wt%) through this methodology resulted in substantial enhancements in tensile properties (for example, up to 28% in strength and toughness) without any significant stiffening effect. Moreover, the nanocomposites retained elastic properties, including elongation at break (%), resilience, and creep resistance. Their chemical properties and thermal transitions were also found to support the retained thermoplastic behavior while improving mechanical performance.
Slow-Positron Generator For Studying Polymer Films (1992)

The dependency of the self-similar Rayleigh-Taylor bubble acceleration constant alpha(b)(identical with [(amplitude)/2] x (displacement) x (Atwood number)) on the initial perturbation amplitude h(0k) is described with a model in which the exponential growth of a small amplitude packet of modes makes a continuous nonlinear transition to its "terminal" bubble velocity proportional, variant Fr[equal to(Froude number)(1/2)]. Then, by applying self-similarity (diameter proportional, variant amplitude), alpha(b) is found to increase proportional to Fr and logarithmically with h(0k). The model has two free parameters that are determined from experiments and simulations. The augmentation of long wavelength perturbations by mode coupling is also evaluated. This is found to decrease the sensitivity of alpha(b) on the initial perturbations when they are smaller than the saturation amplitude of the most unstable modes. These results show that alpha(b) can vary by a factor of 2-3 with initial conditions in reasonable agreement with experiments and simulations.
Electroluminescence and Materials Charactelization of InAs/GaAs Quantum Dots Grown by (2001)

There are few reports' of 1.3 pn emission from MOW-grown QDs and to date, the 1.3~ QD laser grown by MOCVD has not been demonstrated. The crystal growth is challenging due to complex surface chemistry at the necessary growth temperatures (500 'C), lack of in-situ monitoring, and difficulty achieving sufficient control over growth parameters. In our work, we have overcome some of these issues to demonstrate 1.3 pm electroluminescence from a QD ensemble, MOCVD-grown on an n-GaAs substrate. In this presentation, we will discuss optimized QD growth using MOCVD as well as characterization of the ensembles. By optimizing key parameters including growth temperature, VflII ratio, deposition rate and system pressure, we achieve surface densities of 8~10~~/cm~, electroluminescence at 1.3 pm with a fullwidth at half maximum of 40 meV. Our samples are gown on (100) n-GaAs in a 60 Torr MOCVD reactor. The epilayers consist of 2200A GaAs layer, a 5ML IQ,~~G~~& buffer layer followed by 2JMLs of InAs. The QD growth rate and VhII ratio are optimized at 0.5MUs and 52.5, respectively, during QD growth. For capped QDs, growth is interrupted for 5s after InAs deposition with no ASH, flow. This pausing technique si cantly reduces the
High-power, slab-coupled optical waveguide laser array packaging for beam combining (2007)

Linear arrays of slab coupled optical waveguide lasers (SCOWL) are ideal sources for beam combining of array elements using techniques such as wavelength beam combining (WBC) and possibly coherent beam combining (CBC). SCOWL array elements have very high brightness, low divergence nearly diffraction limited output beams. Arrays of up to 1.2 cm in width containing as many as 240 elements have been demonstrated. In this presentation, the packaging techniques developed to ensure proper performance of SCOWL arrays will be described, with particular emphasis on the application to beam combining. A commercial high performance micro impingement cooler (MIC) was used to provide thermal management for these arrays. Based on performance data for this cooler, a numerical thermal model was constructed and used to investigate the thermal performance for several packaging schemes. In order to promote uniform optical performance of SCOWL array elements, assembly procedures, which included fluxless soldering using In and AuSn solder alloys, along with the use of thermal expansion matching materials were investigated. These techniques resulted in minimal contraction (&ap;2 &mgr;m) and smile (&ap;1 &mgr;m) of the laser bar during the packaging procedure. Precise control of these parameters is required in order to minimize any detrimental impact on the resultant WBC beam quality. CBC of SCOWL arrays requires phase control of the array elements. Array packaging providing for individual electrical addressability of the array elements has been developed and demonstrated, allowing for phase control by current adjustment.
Evidence for Top Quark Production in Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions (2020)

Ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions recreate in the laboratory the thermodynamical conditions prevailing in the early universe up to 10^{-6} sec, thereby allowing the study of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP), a state of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) matter with deconfined partons. The top quark, the heaviest elementary particle known, is accessible in nucleus-nucleus collisions at the CERN LHC, and constitutes a novel probe of the QGP. Here, we report the first evidence for the production of top quarks in nucleus-nucleus collisions, using lead-lead collision data at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV recorded by the CMS experiment. Two methods are used to measure the cross section for top quark pair production (σ_{tt[over ¯]}) via the selection of charged leptons (electrons or muons) and bottom quarks. One method relies on the leptonic information alone, and the second one exploits, in addition, the presence of bottom quarks. The measured cross sections, σ_{tt[over ¯]}=2.54_{-0.74}^{+0.84} and 2.03_{-0.64}^{+0.71} μb, respectively, are compatible with expectations from scaled proton-proton data and QCD predictions.
Improved anchor design for flat MEMS structure by suppressing deformation due to buried-oxide stress on silicon-on-insulator wafer (2021)

Abstract Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafers are used in many micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) devices because of their stable mechanical properties. However, one of the disadvantages of using the SOI configuration is residual stress deformation; strong residual stresses in the buried-oxide layer deform the device and deteriorate its performance. This could prevent the development of high-precision sensors and actuators. In recent years, a new deformation mode caused by this residual stress has been reported, involving tilting of the suspended MEMS structure owing to local deformation of the anchor. However, methods to solve this problem have not yet been proposed. In this study, we propose a simple T-shaped support as a solution to the tilt deformation. We verified its effects by finite element analysis and experiments; the proposed structure was observed to successfully reduce the tip displacement of a SOI-based cantilever by one-fourth. In addition, we applied the proposed method to a parallel-plate accelerometer as a demonstration to confirm that the sensitivity variations of the device reduced from 10.8% to 6.8% using the proposed support structure. Thus, we believe that the proposed design can contribute to the development of extremely accurate MEMS sensors and optical devices.
Open Subtitles Paraphrase Corpus for Six Languages (2018)

This paper accompanies the release of Opusparcus, a new paraphrase corpus for six European languages: German, English, Finnish, French, Russian, and Swedish. The corpus consists of paraphrases, that is, pairs of sentences in the same language that mean approximately the same thing. The paraphrases are extracted from the OpenSubtitles2016 corpus, which contains subtitles from movies and TV shows. The informal and colloquial genre that occurs in subtitles makes such data a very interesting language resource, for instance, from the perspective of computer assisted language learning. For each target language, the Opusparcus data have been partitioned into three types of data sets: training, development and test sets. The training sets are large, consisting of millions of sentence pairs, and have been compiled automatically, with the help of probabilistic ranking functions. The development and test sets consist of sentence pairs that have been checked manually; each set contains approximately 1000 sentence pairs that have been verified to be acceptable paraphrases by two annotators.