gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Acoustically induced cavitation fusion (1998)

In 1982, Hugh Flynn was issued a patent (No. 4,333,796) for a Method of Generating Energy by Acoustically Induced Cavitation Fusion and Reactor Therefor. Although it was largely ignored at the time, there have been several recent papers that treat the subject of acoustically induced fusion as quite plausible. Such prescience in the area of cavitation research was typical of Hugh’s work. This patent shows such an enormous grasp of detail, and suggests Hugh must have given a great deal of thought and energy to its composition. The author will review some of the interesting aspects of this patent as well as describe some of the most recent activity on this topic. He will also reflect on his many rewarding and stimulating experiences with Hugh over the past 30 years.
A morphological study of membranes obtained from the systems polylactide-dioxane-methanol, polylactide-dioxane-water and polylactide-N-methyl pyrrolidone-water (1996)

The influence of liquid–liquid demixing, solid–liquid demixing, and vitrification on the membrane morphologies obtained from several polylactide-solvent-nonsolvent systems has been investigated. The polymers investigated were the semicrystalline poly-L-lactide (PLLA) and the amorphous poly-DL-lactide (PDLLA). The solvent-nonsolvent systems used were dioxane-water, N-methyl pyrrolidone-water and dioxane-methanol. For each of these systems it was attempted to relate the membrane morphology to the ternary phase diagram at 25°C. It was demonstrated that for the amorphous poly-DL-lactide the intersection of a glass transition and a liquid–liquid miscibility gap in the phase diagram was a prerequisite for the formation of stable membrane structures. For the semicrystalline PLLA a wide variety of morphologies could be obtained ranging from cellular to spherulitical structures. For membrane-forming combinations that show delayed demixing, trends expected on the basis of phase diagrams were in reasonable agreement with the observed membrane morphologies. Only for the rapidly precipitating system PLLA-N-methyl pyrrolidone-water were structures due to liquid–liquid demixing obtained when structures due to solid–liquid demixing were expected. Probably, rapid precipitation conditions promote solid–liquid demixing over liquid–liquid demixing, because the activation energy necessary for liquid–liquid demixing is lower than that for crystallization. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Biomedical Applications: Liver‐Specific and Echogenic Hyaluronic Acid Nanoparticles Facilitating Liver Cancer Discrimination (Adv. Funct. Mater. 44/2013) (2013)

On page 5518, an ultralong-acting, liver-specific, ultrasound contrast agent is presented in the form of self-assembled, echogenic hyaluronic acid nanoparticles. I. C. Kwon, K. Kim, and co-workers use hydrophobic interactions and an oilin-water emulsification method to encapsulate bioinert and hydrophobic perfluoropentane as an ultrasound gas precursor into the nanoparticles. These particles are more stable and robust echogenic solid bodies than the conventional microbubbles, with an in vivo favorable hydrodynamic size.
The Blue Copper-Containing Nitrite Reductase fromAlcaligenes xylosoxidans: Cloning of thenirAGene and Characterization of the Recombinant Enzyme (1999)

The nirA gene encoding the blue dissimilatory nitrite reductase from Alcaligenes xylosoxidans has been cloned and sequenced. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the characterization of a gene encoding a blue copper-containing nitrite reductase. The deduced amino acid sequence exhibits a high degree of similarity to other copper-containing nitrite reductases from various bacterial sources. The full-length protein included a 24-amino-acid leader peptide. The nirA gene was overexpressed in Escherichia coli and was shown to be exported to the periplasm. Purification was achieved in a single step, and analysis of the recombinant Nir enzyme revealed that cleavage of the signal peptide occurred at a position identical to that for the native enzyme isolated from A. xylosoxidans. The recombinant Nir isolated directly was blue and trimeric and, on the basis of electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and metal analysis, possessed only type 1 copper centers. This type 2-depleted enzyme preparation also had a low nitrite reductase enzyme activity. Incubation of the periplasmic fraction with copper sulfate prior to purification resulted in the isolation of an enzyme with a full complement of type 1 and type 2 copper centers and a high specific activity. The kinetic properties of the recombinant enzyme were indistinguishable from those of the native nitrite reductase isolated from A. xylosoxidans. This rapid isolation procedure will greatly facilitate genetic and biochemical characterization of both wild-type and mutant derivatives of this protein.
Analysis of Low-k Dielectric Thin Films on Thick Substrates by Transmission FTIR Spectroscopy (2014)

Transmission Fourier-transform infrared (T-FTIR) spectra of thin films on thick substrates are characterized by strong interference fringes that hamper quantitative analysis of the observed thin film absorption bands. In this article, we review and present methods for removing these fringes to extract the pure thin film absorption coefficient from the experimental T-FTIR spectra. To illustrate the benefits of a recently developed method for removing such fringes, we analyze T-FTIR spectra for a series of a-SiO2 and a-SiOC:H thin films typically utilized in nano-electronic interconnect structures as low permittivity (i.e. low-k) interlayer dielectrics. The sources and magnitude of the errors present in analysis of both the uncorrected and corrected experimental T-FTIR spectra are compared. We demonstrate that conventional analysis of the uncorrected low-k a-SiOC:H T-FTIR spectra can lead to substantial quantitative errors that are dramatically reduced using the described method for appropriately removing the experimental thin film fringes.
Mechanism of the Inhibition of Rat Brain Cholinesterase by Diisopropylfluorophosphate, Tetraethylpyrophosphate, and Eserine. (1949)

The mechanism of inhibition of rat brain cholinesterase by the 3 most potent anti-cholinesterases, diisopropylfluorophosphate, tetraethylpyrophosphate, and eserine was studied by a method which involves variation in enzyme concentration as well as inhibitor concentration. It was shown that the kinetics of eserine-inhibition may be analyzed by classical methods which ignore enzyme concentration but the cases of the other two inhibitors may not be so treated. Cholinesterase inhibition by the fluoro- and pyrophosphates was shown to be irreversible and to depend upon enzyme concentration and time of incubation of the enzyme with the inhibitor before the addition of substrate. The upper limit of cholinesterase concentration in rat brain was estimated to be 1 × 10-6 molar if structural restrictions are not assumed.
Structural, Electrochemical, and Photophysical Properties of Gallium(III) 5,10,15-Tris(pentafluorophenyl)corrole (2000)

Hohe Quantenausbeuten liefert der Metallocorrol-Prototyp 1, der problemlos aus GaCl3 und Tris(pentafluorphenyl)corrol hergestellt wurde. Die Kristall- und Elektronenstruktur von 1, die Bildung des π-kationischen Radikalkomplexes durch chemische Oxidation und die charakteristischen spektroskopischen Eigenschaften des Ions werden beschrieben.
Possible mechanism of piroxicam-induced photosensitivity (1986)

† The therapeutic use of piroxicam as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent is associated with the development of photosensitivity in less than 1% of patients. The eruption usually occurs within a few days of commencing treatment with the medication. This time course suggests a phototoxic reaction. Attempts to demonstrate the phototoxic effects of piroxicam in humans, laboratory animals, and in in vitro cell assays were unsuccessful. At high concentration, however, one metabolite of piroxicam was phototoxic in animal studies and in in vitro assays. A second metabolite was mildly phototoxic in laboratory animals. These results suggest a mechanism whereby piroxicam photosensitivity may be due to a metabolite preferentially formed or accumulated in affected patients. (<i>Arch Dermatol</i>1986;122:1283-1287)
Bounds on range-resolution degradation using RSSI measurements (2004)

In this paper, we investigate the fundamental loss of ranging resolution using received signal strength indicator (RSSI) observations relative to unprocessed received signal (URS) measurements. Unlike previous work, this is done for a single propagation model that accounts for large-scale (log-normal) fading and small-scale (multipath) fading effects. Further, this contribution fully accounts for the temporal correlation of the log-normal attenuation and the multipath channel, which previous work has ignored. Cramer Rao bounds on the estimates of range give us a complete description of the effects of data reduction (through RSSI observations), multipath, and random attenuation on the estimates of range.
Broadband Optical Fiber-Facet Silicon Pressure Sensor (2020)

A buried photonic element fabrication technique is used to create a broadband optical fiber-facet absolute pressure sensor in a 1 50 /i m wide by 5 /im thick crystalline silicon disk with 50 /iatm pressure resolution at 1 atm.
Cellular activation status in femoral shaft fracture hematoma following different reaming techniques – A large animal model (2022)

The local inflammatory impact of different reaming protocols in intramedullary nailing has been sparsely investigated. We examined the effect of different reaming protocols on fracture hematoma (FH) immunological characteristics in pigs. To do so, a standardized midshaft femur fracture was induced in adult male pigs. Fractures were treated with conventional reamed femoral nailing (group RFN, n = 6); unreamed femoral nailing (group UFN, n = 6); reaming with a Reamer Irrigator Aspirator device (group RIA, n = 12). Animals were observed for 6 h and FH was collected. FH-cell apoptosis and neutrophil receptor expression (Mac-1/CD11b and FcγRIII/CD16) were studied by flow cytometry and local temperature changes were analyzed. The study demonstrates that apoptosis-rates of FH-immune cells were significantly lower in group RIA (3.50 ± 0.53%) when compared with non-RIA groups: (group UFN 12.50 ± 5.22%, p = 0.028 UFN vs. RIA), (group RFN 13.30 ± 3.18%, p < 0.001, RFN vs. RIA). Further, RIA-FH showed lower neutrophil CD11b/CD16 expression when compared with RFN (mean difference of 43.0% median fluorescence intensity (MFI), p = 0.02; and mean difference of 35.3% MFI, p = 0.04, respectively). Finally, RIA induced a transient local hypothermia and hypothermia negatively correlated with both FH-immune cell apoptosis and neutrophil activation. In conclusion, immunologic changes observed in FH appear to be modified by certain reaming techniques. Irrigation during reaming was associated with transient local hypothermia, decreased apoptosis, and reduced neutrophil activation. Further study is warranted to examine whether the rinsing effect of RIA, specific tissue removal by reaming, or thermal effects predominantly determine local inflammatory changes during reaming.
Accurate Damping Factor and Frequency Estimation for Damped Real-Valued Sinusoidal Signals (2022)

The interpolated discrete Fourier transform (IpDFT) is one of the most popular techniques to estimate the parameters of a damped real-valued sinusoidal signal (DRSS). However, its accuracy is affected by strong noise presence and short observation windows. To this end, this letter proposes a novel two-point IpDFT method, called I2pZDFT, for the parameter estimation of a DRSS. The proposed I2pZDFT uses the zero-padding technique to increase the sampling rate in the frequency domain. The conjugate symmetry and the parity of the zero-padded signal are utilized to eliminate the influence of the spectral leakage. Simulation results highlight that the proposed I2pZDFT outperforms the existing IpDFT-based methods in terms of noise immunity, especially in the case of observation windows as short as 0.5 ~ 1 cycles.
Ethyl 2-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydrospiro[carbazole-3,2′-[1,3]dioxolan]-9-yl)acetate (2009)

In the title compound, C(18)H(21)NO(4), the hydrogenated six-membered ring of the carbazole unit adopts a half-chair conformation. The dioxolane ring and ethyl-acetate substituent point to opposite sides of the carbazole plane. The ethyl-acetate substituent adopts an essentially fully extended conformation, and its mean plane forms a dihedral angle of 83.8 (1)° with respect to the carbazole mean plane. The mol-ecules are arranged into stacks in which the carbazole planes form a dihedral angle of 4.4 (1)° and have an approximate inter-planar separation of 3.6 Å.
HealthAdvisor: Recommendation System for Wearable Technologies enabling Proactive Health Monitoring (2016)

Proactive monitoring of one's health could avoid serious diseases as well as better maintain the individual's well-being. In today's IoT world, there has been numerous wearable technological devices to monitor/measure different health attributes. However, with that increasing number of attributes and wearables, it becomes unclear to the individual which ones they should be using. The aim of this paper is to provide a recommendation engine for personalized recommended wearables for any given individual. The way the engine works is through first identifying the diseases that this person is at risk of, given his/her attributes and medical history. We built a machine learning classification model for this task. Second, these diseases are mapped to the attributes that need to be measured in order to monitor such diseases. Third, we map these measurements to the appropriate wearable technologies. This is done via a textual analytics model that we developed that uses available information of different wearables to map the aforementioned measurements to these wearables. The output can be used to recommend the wearables to individuals as well as provide a feedback to wearable developers for common measurements that do not have corresponding wearables today.
POSSIBLE LINK BETWEEN AGING AND MESENCHYMAL STEM CELL EXOSOMAL MIRNA (2017)

Aging is a complex phenomenon with the number of contributing biological factors. Recently, important links have been reported between microRNAs (miRNA) and aging. miRNAs are short, non-coding RNAs that induce mRNA degradation or repression post-transcriptionally and thus affect a number of biological processes including stem cell maintenance, proliferation and metabolism. It is well established that for cell-cell and cell-tissue interaction, miRNAs are transported as cargo in exosomes. To identify specific differences between miRNA from young-adult (6 week C57BL/6 mice) and aged (78 week) mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), we performed microarray analysis of exosomal miRNAs and found that a number of biologically relevant miRNAs were differentially expressed. miR-370 was overexpressed (4.49 fold) in exosomes from the older animals. miR-370 has been implicated in cholesterol homeostasis, fatty acid metabolism and lipogenesis. miR-214 was overexpressed (2.7 fold) in exosomes of old MSCs. miR-214 represses Wnt signaling which regulates adipogenesis. This may explain the possible shift of MSCs differentiation tendency from the osteoblast to the adipocyte lineage; such a shift is also reported in aging-related diseases. In addition, we investigated the effect of aging on the function of exosomes. MSCs from young-adult and aged animals were exposed to hypoxic (2% oxygen) conditions and exosomes isolated. Under hypoxic conditions, tubule formation induced by exosomes from young-adult animals was greater than that from the older group (p=1e-7). Thus, age-associated differences in miRNA expression may account, in part, for age associated differences in fatty acid metabolism, body composition, and the ability to respond to a hypoxic stress.
Analysis of Covalently Bound Polyketide Intermediates on 6-Deoxyerythronolide B Synthase by Tandem Proteolysis−Mass Spectrometry (2005)

Polyketide natural products are biosynthesized via successive chain-elongation events mediated by elaborate protein assemblies. Facile detection of protein-bound intermediates in these systems will increase our understanding of enzyme reactivity and selectivity. We have developed a tandem proteolysis/mass spectrometric method for monitoring substrate loading and elongation in 6-deoxyerythronolide B synthase (DEBS), responsible for production of the macrolide precursor to erythromycin. Information regarding ketosynthase loading and polyketide unit elongation is readily acquired without need for complex protein or small molecule labels. A panel of structurally related substrates is evaluated through competition experiments and kinetic assays using LC-MS to resolve closely related species. Strong stereochemical effects are observed for ketosynthase substrate specificity. Semiquantitative kinetic analyses allow the resolution of the effects of structural and stereochemical changes on the individual ketosynthase-catalyzed steps of acyl-enzyme formation and polyketide chain extension.
In-line electrical characterization of ultrathin gate dielectric films (2003)

In this paper, in-line measurements of ultrathin gate dielectrics are reported. Various plasma nitrided oxides down to 1.5 nm EOT have been studied using in-line optical and non-contact electrical measurement techniques. The good correlation obtained with physical analysis and "classic" capacitance-voltage measurements shows the suitability of in-line measurement techniques for a first qualitative evaluation of ultrathin dielectric films.
Reconfigurable 4-frequency CMOS oscillator based on AlN Contour-Mode MEMS resonators (2010)

This paper reports on the first demonstration of a reconfigurable Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) oscillator based on MicroElectroMechanical System (MEMS) resonators operating at 4 different frequencies (268, 483, 690 and 785 MHz). A bank of multi-frequency switchable AIN Contour-Mode MEMS resonators (CMRs) were connected to a single CMOS oscillator circuit that can be configured to selectively operate in 4 different states with distinct oscillation frequencies. The phase noise (PN) of the reconfigurable oscillator was measured for each of the 4 different frequencies of operation showing values between -94 and -70 dBc/Hz at 1 KHz offset and PN floor values as low as -165 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset. Jitter values as low as 114 fs-rms (integrated 12 KHz 20 MHz) and switching times as fast as 20 μs were measured. This first prototype represents a miniaturized solution (30X smaller) over commercially available Voltage Controlled SAW Oscillators (VCSOs) and potentially has the advantage of generating multiple stable frequencies without the need of cumbersome and power consuming phase locked loop (PLL) circuits.
Definierte Nanofasern mit einstellbarer Morphologie aus sphärischen Kolloidbausteinen (2013)

Von Partikeln zu Fasern: Bei einer neuen Methode zur Herstellung von Nanofasern mit variabler Morphologie und Periodizität durch suprapartikuläre Anordnung von magnetischen Nanopartikeln schmilzt ein linearer Sinterprozess die angeordneten Kolloide zusammen (siehe Schema). Die Struktur der erhaltenen Fasern kann über die Prozessparameter sowie über die Morphologie der eingesetzten sphärischen Kolloid-Bausteine kontrolliert werden.
Modulation of the phosphate-starvation response in Escherichia coli by genetic manipulation of the polyphosphate pathways (2000)

The effect of intracellular polyphosphate on the phosphate-starvation response in Escherichia coli was studied by genetically manipulating the intracellular polyphosphate levels and by performing phosphate shifts on the genetically engineered strains. Strains that produced large quantities of polyphosphate and were able to degrade it induced the phosphate-starvation response to a lesser extent than wild-type strains, whereas strains that were unable to degrade a large intracellular polyphosphate pool induced the phosphate-starvation response to a greater extent than wild-type strains. These results have important implications for expression of heterologous genes under control of the phoA promoter. (c) 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Microbial Degradation Behavior in Seawater of Polyester Blends Containing Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBHHx) (2018)

The microbial degradation behavior of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-<i>co</i>-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBHHx) and its compound with several polyesters such as poly(butylene adipate-<i>co</i>-telephtharate) (PBAT), poly(butylene succinate) (PBS), and polylactic acid (PLA) in seawater was tested by a biological oxygen demand (BOD) method. PHBHHx showed excellent biodegradation in seawater in this study. In addition, the biodegradation rate of several blends was much influenced by the weight ratio of PHBHHx in their blends and decreased in accordance with the decrement of PHBHHX ratio. The surface morphology of the sheet was important factor for controlling the biodegradation rate of PHBHHx-containing blends in seawater.
Toward the Macrocidins: Macrocyclization via Williamson Etherification of a Phenolate (2010)

The synthesis of macrocyclic 3-acyltetramic acids which are immediate precursors of the fungal herbicide macrocidin A (1) is reported. The crucial closure of the macrocycle was achieved in excellent yield by an unprecedented Williamson etherification of an ω-bromo phenolate generated in situ by a Pd-mediated O-deallylation.
Structural relevance (2008)

This paper presents a unified framework for the evaluation of a range of structured document retrieval (SDR) approaches and tasks. The framework is based on a model of tree retrieval, evaluated using a novel extension of the Structural elevance (SR) measure. The measure replaces the assumption of independence in traditional information retrieval (IR) with a notion of redundancy that takes into account the user navigation inside documents while seeking relevant information. Unlike existing metrics for SDR, our proposed framework does not require the computation of an ideal ranking which has, thus far, prevented the practical application of such measures. Instead, SR builds on a Markovian model of user navigation that can be estimated through the use of structural summaries. The results of this paper (supported by experimental validation using INEX data) show that SR defined over a tree retrieval model can provide a common basis for the evaluation of SDR approaches across various structured search tasks.