gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparative Protein Modeling of 1‐Deoxy‐D‐xylulose‐5‐phosphate Reductoisomerase Enzyme from Plasmodium falciparum: A Potential Target for Antimalarial Drug Discovery. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Measurements of harmonic generation in a focused finite-amplitude sound beam (1995)

Measurements of harmonic generation in the sound field radiated by a focused circular piston source are compared with numerical calculations based on the nonlinear parabolic wave equation. The large dynamic range and high spatial resolution of the measurements enable precise comparisons to be made with the theoretical predictions.
Vaccines Against Antimicrobial Resistance (2020)

In the last century, life expectancy has increased considerably, thanks to the introduction of antibiotics, hygiene and vaccines that have contributed to the cure and prevention of many infectious diseases. The era of antimicrobial therapy started in the nineteenth century with the identification of chemical compounds with antimicrobial properties. However, immediately after the introduction of these novel drugs, microorganisms started to become resistant through different strategies. Although resistance mechanisms were already present before antibiotic introduction, their large-scale use and mis-use have increased the number of resistant microorganisms. Rapid spreading of mobile elements by horizontal gene transfer such as plasmids and integrative conjugative elements (ICE) carrying multiple resistance genes has dramatically increased the worldwide prevalence of relevant multi drug-resistant human pathogens such as <i>Staphylococcus aureus, Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i>, and <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i>. Today, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) remains one of the major global concerns to be addressed and only global efforts could help in finding a solution. In terms of magnitude the economic impact of AMR is estimated to be comparable to that of climate global change in 2030. Although antibiotics continue to be essential to treat such infections, non-antibiotic therapies will play an important role in limiting the increase of antibiotic resistant microorganisms. Among non-antibiotic strategies, vaccines and therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) play a strategic role. In this review, we will summarize the evolution and the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance, and the impact of AMR on life expectancy and economics.
Evaluation of True Power Luminous Efficiency from Experimental Luminance Values (1999)

A method for obtaining true external power luminous efficiency from experimentally obtained luminance in organic light-emitting diodes (LEDs) was demonstrated. Conventional two-layer organic LEDs with different electron-transport layer thicknesses were prepared. Spatial distributions of emission intensities were observed. The large deviation in both emission spectra and spatial emission patterns were observed when the electron-transport layer thickness was varied. The deviation of emission patterns from the standard Lambertian pattern was found to cause overestimations of power luminous efficiencies as large as 30%. A method for evaluating correction factors was proposed.
5F-4 Acoustic Crosstalk Reduction Method for CMUT Arrays (2006)

This paper reports on the finite element analysis (FEA) of crosstalk in capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) arrays. Finite element calculations using a commercial package (LS-DYNA) were performed for an immersed 1D CMUT array operating in the conventional and collapsed modes. LS-DYNA was used to model the crosstalk in CMUT arrays under specific voltage bias and excitation conditions, and such a modeling is well worth the effort for special-purpose CMUT arrays for ultrasound applications such as medical imaging and high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) treatment. Compared to the existing finite element analysis (FEA) in literature, our FEA is distinguished by having all 5 main features together: First, the explicit, time domain solver of LS-DYNA enables the modeling of the actual CMUT array in detail, i.e. all 41 array elements are modeled. Second, user-defined subroutines provide an efficient electrostatic-structural coupling method. Third, the robust contact capability offers the CMUT modeling in collapsed operation. Fourth, a fast method to bias the CMUT array in conventional and collapsed modes is implemented. Fifth, the FEA results are verified with interferometer measurements. Our finite element calculations show that the main crosstalk mechanism is the dispersive guided modes propagating in the fluid-solid interface. Conventional operation has a crosstalk level of -23 dB and the guided modes are not present above the cut-off frequency of 4 MHz. Most importantly, the crosstalk wave has a center frequency of 2.3 MHz with a narrow bandwidth although the transmitter element has a center frequency of 5.8 MHz with more than 130% fractional bandwidth. Crosstalk level is improved to -39 dB in collapsed operation, and the cut-off frequency becomes 10 MHz because of the contact between the membrane and the substrate. The Lamb wave modes have a crosstalk level around -43 dB in both operation modes. These finite element results show excellent agreement with the interferometer measurements of the fabricated CMUT array. Using our verified FEA, we implemented a powerful method for the first time to reduce the crosstalk by impeding the propagation of the guided interface waves. This method is based on the acoustic band gap resulting from the periodic CMUT membranes on the fluid-solid interface. The crosstalk was effectively reduced by 10 dB down to -33 dB in the conventional operation without loss of acoustic pressure of the transmitter element. This method can be easily introduced into the fabrication of 1D and 2D CMUT arrays to achieve superior crosstalk
Privacy Enhanced Fast MutualAuthentication in 5G Network UsingIdentity Based Encryption (2017)

Subscription privacy of a user has been a historical concern with all the previous generation mobile networks, namely, GSM, UMTS, and LTE. While a little improvement have been achieved in securing the privacy of the long-term identity of a subscriber, the so called IMSI catchers are still in existence even in the LTE and advanced LTE networks. Proposals have been published to tackle this problem in 5G based on pseudonyms, and different public-key technologies. This paper looks into the problem of concealing long-term identity of a subscriber and presents a protocol based on identity based encryption (IBE) to tackle it. The proposed solution can be extended to a mutual authentication and key agreement protocol between a serving network (SN) and a user equipment (UE). We name the protocol PEFMA (privacy enhanced fast mutual authentication). The SN does not need to connect with the home network (HN) on every PEFMA run. In PEFMA, both the user equipment (UE) and the SN has public keys. A UE sends the IMSI after encrypting it using the SN's public key. Since both the UE and SN have public keys, PEFMA can run without contacting the HN. A qualitative comparison of different techniques show that our solution is
KinÊtre (2012)

Imagine you are asked to produce a 3D animation of a demonic armchair terrorizing an innocent desk lamp. You may think about model rigging, skeleton deformation, and keyframing. Depending on your experience, you might imagine hours to days at the controls of Maya or Blender. But even if you have absolutely no computer graphics experience, it can be so much easier: grab a nearby chair and desk lamp, scan them using a consumer depth camera, and use the same camera to track your body, aligning your virtual limbs to the chair's geometry. At one spoken command, your limbs are attached to the chair model, which follows your movements in an intuitive and natural manner. Kinêtre is such a system. Rather than targeting professional animators, it brings animation to a new audience of users with little or no CG experience. It allows realistic deformations of arbitrary static meshes, runs in real time on consumer hardware, and uses the human body for input in conjunction with simple voice commands. Kinêtre lets anyone create playful 3D animations.
Fixed Rank Kriging for Cellular Coverage Analysis (2016)

Coverage planning and optimization is one of the most crucial tasks for a radio network operator. Efficient coverage optimization requires accurate coverage estimation. This estimation relies on geo-located field measurements that are gathered today during highly expensive drive tests (DT) and will be reported in the near future by users' mobile devices thanks to the Third-Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) minimization of drive tests (MDT) feature. This feature consists of an automatic reporting of the radio measurements associated with the geographic location of the user's mobile device. Such a solution is still costly in terms of battery consumption and signaling overhead. Therefore, predicting the coverage on a location where no measurements are available remains a key and challenging task. This paper describes a powerful tool that gives an accurate coverage prediction on the whole area of interest: It builds a coverage map by spatially interpolating geo-located measurements using the Kriging technique. This paper focuses on the reduction of the computational complexity of the Kriging algorithm by applying fixed rank Kriging (FRK). The performance evaluation of the FRK algorithm both on simulated measurements and real field measurements shows a good tradeoff between prediction efficiency and computational complexity. In order to go a step further toward the operational application of the proposed algorithm, a multicellular use case is studied. Simulation results show good performance in terms of coverage prediction and detection of the best serving cell.
Relationship Between Salivary Gland Hormone and Sexual Function (IV) (1970)

androgensと密接な関係を有する射精精液量, および精子などに対する唾液腺ホルモンの作用について検討した.parotinは, 1日0.5mg2週間筋肉内注射し, 射精は電気刺激により, 精子は副睾丸より直接採取して用いた.過度の射精を行なわせると射精量は著るしく減少するが, parotin投与群ではその減少が抑制され, controlの約2倍を示した.しかし去勢モルモットでは何ら影響をおよぼさなかった.また唾液腺を別出すると射精量は有意に減少した.精漿成分については遊離アミノ酸がparotin投与により増加すること, 酸性ホスファターゼ活性は唾液腺別出により低下すること, 唾液腺別出により減少した果糖が唾液腺ホルモン投与により再び増加回復することが認められた.またparotinは精子自体にも働き, 精子運動性, 生存性などを向上させることが認められた.
Supplementary Figure S2 from EPHA2 Is a Mediator of Vemurafenib Resistance and a Novel Therapeutic Target in Melanoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S2. EphA2 inhibitor-kinase interaction maps.&lt;/p&gt;
High-frequency characterization of thermionic charge transport in silicon-on-insulator nanowire transistors (2014)

We report on DC and microwave electrical transport measurements in silicon-on-insulator nano-transistors at low and room temperature. At low source-drain voltage, the DC current and radio frequency response show signs of conductance quantization. We attribute this to Coulomb blockade resulting from barriers formed at the spacer-gate interfaces. We show that at high bias transport occurs thermionically over the highest barrier: Transconductance traces obtained from microwave scattering-parameter measurements at liquid helium and room temperature are accurately fitted by a thermionic model. From the fits we deduce the ratio of gate capacitance and quantum capacitance, as well as the electron temperature.
Nanoscale surface domain formation on the +z face of lithium niobate by pulsed ultraviolet laser illumination (2005)

Single-crystal congruent lithium niobate samples have been illuminated on the +z crystal face by pulsed ultraviolet laser wavelengths below (248nm) and around (298–329nm) the absorption edge. Following exposure, etching with hydrofluoric acid reveals highly regular precise domain-like features of widths ∼150–300nm, exhibiting distinct three-fold symmetry. Examination of illuminated unetched areas by scanning force microscopy shows a corresponding contrast in piezoelectric response. These observations indicate the formation of nanoscale ferroelectric surface domains, whose depth has been measured via focused ion beam milling to be ∼2μm. We envisage this direct optical poling technique as a viable route to precision domain-engineered structures for waveguide and other surface applications.
Gender and End-User Computing (2006)

Although gender differences in a technological world are receiving significant research attention, much of the research and practice has aimed at how society and education can impact the successes and retention of female computer science professionals. The possibility of gender issues within software, however, has received almost no attention, nor has the population of female end users. However, there is relevant foundational research suggesting that gender-related factors within a software environment that supports end-user computing may have a strong impact on how effective male and female end users can be in that environment. Thus, in this article, we summarize theory-establishing results from other domains that point toward the formation of grounded hypotheses for studying gender differences in end-user computing. There has been much background research relevant to human issues of end-user computing, which we define here as problem-solving using computer software, also termed end-user programming in some of the literature (e.g., Blackwell, 2002; Green &amp; Petre, 1996; Nardi, 1993). (See the glossary for definitions of these and related terms.) Despite this, few researchers have considered potential gender HCI issues and gender differences that may need to be accounted for in designing end-user computing environments. The most notable exception is Czerwinski’s pioneering research on the support of both genders in navigating through 3-D environments (Czerwinski, Tan, &amp; Robertson, 2002; Tan, Czerwinski, &amp; Robertson, 2003). Although individual differences, such as experience, cognitive style, and spatial ability, are likely to vary more than differences between gender groups, evidence from Czerwinski’s work as well as work in other domains, such as psychology and marketing, has found gender differences relevant to computer usage. In fact, some research has shown that some software is (unintentionally) designed for males (Huff, 2002). One reason gender HCI issues in end-user computing are important is that ignorance of gender issues has already proven to be dangerous: today’s low percentage of computer science females (Camp, 1997) has been directly attributed to the past unawareness of gender issues in computer science education and in the workforce. There is a risk that if gender HCI issues in end-user computing environments are ignored, a similar phenomenon could occur with female end users.
An Introduction to Artificial Prediction Markets for Classification (2011)

Prediction markets are used in real life to predict outcomes of interest such as presidential elections. This paper presents a mathematical theory of artificial prediction markets for supervised learning of conditional probability estimators. The artificial prediction market is a novel method for fusing the prediction information of features or trained classifiers, where the fusion result is the contract price on the possible outcomes. The market can be trained online by updating the participants' budgets using training examples. Inspired by the real prediction markets, the equations that govern the market are derived from simple and reasonable assumptions. Efficient numerical algorithms are presented for solving these equations. The obtained artificial prediction market is shown to be a maximum likelihood estimator. It generalizes linear aggregation, existent in boosting and random forest, as well as logistic regression and some kernel methods. Furthermore, the market mechanism allows the aggregation of specialized classifiers that participate only on specific instances. Experimental comparisons show that the artificial prediction markets often outperform random forest and implicit online learning on synthetic data and real UCI datasets. Moreover, an extensive evaluation for pelvic and abdominal lymph node detection in CT data shows that the prediction market improves adaboost's detection rate from 79.6% to 81.2% at 3 false positives/volume.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Iron Atoms with Benzene and Cyclohexadienes in Argon Matrices: Iron‐Benzene Complexes and Photolytic Dehydrogenation of Cyclohexadiene. (1987)

Abstract When Fe atoms are cocondensed with C 6 H 6 in an argon matrix at 12‐14 K, the formation of Fe(C 6 H 6 ), Fe(C 6 H 6 ) 2 and Fe 2 (C 6 H 6 ) complexes is shown by IR.
Supplemental Figure 5 from Novel Methylated DNA Markers in the Surveillance of Colorectal Cancer Recurrence (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure 5: No difference in carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) values in nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL) was seen in a comparison of available clinical serum versus experimental plasma samples from colorectal cancer patients with no evidence of disease (NED) or with recurrent &amp; metastatic disease. Clinical serum measurements of CEA were not available for controls.&lt;/p&gt;
PERFORMANCE RELIABILITY OF TIMBER FENDER SYSTEMS (1999)

Due to deterioration of existing timber fender systems in waterfront facilities, high performance composite replacement components for these structures are in demand. The performance criteria for these replacement components must meet or exceed the performance of existing timber systems. For this reason, a reliability analysis of timber fender systems has been performed to (1) establish the level of performance in existing timber fender systems and (2) establish target performance levels for new component replacements.
Enzyme-catalysed hydrolysis of 3,5-cis-diacetoxy-4-trans-benzyloxy-methylcyclopentene and the synthesis of aristeromycin precursors (1992)

D. M. LeGrand and S. M. Roberts, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1992, 1751 DOI: 10.1039/P19920001751
Performance comparison of 40 Gb/s ULH transmissions using CSRZ-ASK or CSRZ-DPSK modulation formats on UltraWave fiber ^TM fiber (2007)

In this work we present extensive comparisons between numerical modelling and experimental measurements of the transmission performance of either CSRZ-ASK or CSRZ-DPSK modulation formats for 40-Gb/s WDM ULH systems on UltraWave(TM) fiber spans with all-Raman amplification. We numerically optimised the amplification and the signal format parameters for both CSRZ-DPSK and CSRZ-ASK formats. Numerical and experimental results show that, in a properly optimized transmission link, the DPSK format permits to double the transmission distance (for a given BER level) with respect to the ASK format, while keeping a substantial OSNR margin (on ASK modulation) after the propagation in the fiber line. Our comparison between numerical and experimental results permits to identify what is the most suitable BER estimator in assessing the transmission performance when using the DPSK format.
Conserved Water-mediated Hydrogen Bond Network between TM-I, -II, -VI, and -VII in 7TM Receptor Activation (2010)

Five highly conserved polar residues connected by a number of structural water molecules together with two rotamer micro-switches, TrpVI:13 and TyrVII:20, constitute an extended hydrogen bond network between the intracellular segments of TM-I, -II, -VI, and -VII of 7TM receptors. Molecular dynamics simulations showed that, although the fewer water molecules in rhodopsin were relatively movable, the hydrogen bond network of the beta2-adrenergic receptor was fully loaded with water molecules that were surprisingly immobilized between the two rotamer switches, both apparently being in their closed conformation. Manipulations of the rotamer state of TyrVII:20 and TrpVI:13 demonstrated that these residues served as gates for the water molecules at the intracellular and extracellular ends of the hydrogen bond network, respectively. TrpVI:13 at the bottom of the main ligand-binding pocket was shown to apparently function as a catching trap for water molecules. Mutational analysis of the beta2-adrenergic receptor demonstrated that the highly conserved polar residues of the hydrogen bond network were all important for receptor signaling but served different functions, some dampening constitutive activity (AsnI:18, AspII:10, and AsnVII:13), whereas others (AsnVII:12 and AsnVII:16) located one helical turn apart and sharing a water molecule were shown to be essential for agonist-induced signaling. It is concluded that the conserved water hydrogen bond network of 7TM receptors constitutes an extended allosteric interface between the transmembrane segments being of crucial importance for receptor signaling and that part of the function of the rotamer micro-switches, TyrVII:20 and TrpVI:13, is to gate or trap the water molecules.
Cohesin loss eliminates all loop domains, leading to links among superenhancers and downregulation of nearby genes (2017)

SUMMARY The human genome folds to create thousands of intervals, called “contact domains,” that exhibit enhanced contact frequency within themselves. “Loop domains” form because of tethering between two loci - almost always bound by CTCF and cohesin – lying on the same chromosome. “Compartment domains” form when genomic intervals with similar histone marks co-segregate. Here, we explore the effects of degrading cohesin. All loop domains are eliminated, but neither compartment domains nor histone marks are affected. Loci in different compartments that had been in the same loop domain become more segregated. Loss of loop domains does not lead to widespread ectopic gene activation, but does affect a significant minority of active genes. In particular, cohesin loss causes superenhancers to co-localize, forming hundreds of links within and across chromosomes, and affecting the regulation of nearby genes. Cohesin restoration quickly reverses these effects, consistent with a model where loop extrusion is rapid.
Field-Modulated Anomalous Hall Conductivity and Planar Hall Effect in Co3Sn2S2 Nanoflakes (2020)

Time-reversal-symmetry-breaking Weyl semimetals (WSMs) have attracted great attention recently because of the interplay between intrinsic magnetism and topologically nontrivial electrons. Here, we present anomalous Hall and planar Hall effect studies on Co<sub>3</sub>Sn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub> nanoflakes, a magnetic WSM hosting stacked Kagome lattice. The reduced thickness modifies the magnetic properties of the nanoflake, resulting in a 15-time larger coercive field compared with the bulk, and correspondingly modifies the transport properties. A 22% enhancement of the intrinsic anomalous Hall conductivity (AHC), as compared to bulk material, was observed. A magnetic field-modulated AHC, which may be related to the changing Weyl point separation with magnetic field, was also found. Furthermore, we showed that the PHE in a hard magnetic WSM is a complex interplay between ferromagnetism, orbital magnetoresistance, and chiral anomaly. Our findings pave the way for a further understanding of exotic transport features in the burgeoning field of magnetic topological phases.