gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Full 3D Reservoir Mapping Using Deep Directional Resistivity Measurements (2020)

Abstract Deep directional resistivity logging-while-drilling technology and its measurement processing are instrumental in strategic well placement, landing, geosteering, and reservoir understanding. However, since the measurements are truly at the reservoir scale, reservoir complexities limit the applicability of 1D and sometimes even 2D interpretation models and inversions. A new full-3D imaging inversion is introduced to accurately map reservoir sections where 1D and 2D models are not adequate to represent the reservoir. The imaging inversion uses a 3D EM simulator and accounts for both resistivity and resistivity anisotropy and is fully consistent with the 1D and 2D inversion results in sections of lower complexity. The inversion is validated with a realistic 3D reservoir model and applied to field datasets from the North Sea, revealing complex 3D detail consistent with all the data.
Electrochemical 3D printing of Ni–Mn and Ni–Co alloy with FluidFM (2022)

Additive manufacturing can realize almost any designed geometry, enabling the fabrication of innovative products for advanced applications. Local electrochemical plating is a powerful approach for additive manufacturing of metal microstructures; however, previously reported data have been mostly obtained with copper, and only a few cases have been reported with other elements. In this study, we assessed the ability of fluidic force microscopy to produce Ni-Mn and Ni-Co alloy structures. Once the optimal deposition potential window was determined, pillars with relatively smooth surfaces were obtained. The printing process was characterized by printing rates in the range of 50-60 nm s<sup>-1</sup>. Cross-sections exposed by focused ion beam showed highly dense microstructures, while the corresponding face scan with energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy spectra revealed a uniform distribution of alloy components.
Novel Ideal Nonimaging Designs by Multichanneling the Phase-Space Flow (2010)

New ultra-thin SMS optical designs are presented. They are formed by discontinuous sections working in parallel (multichannel) to provide the desired optical function. Aplanatic (a particular case of SMS-design) multichannel very-thin designs are also shown.
On‐field test campaign performance of VDE‐SAT Link ID 20 over Norsat‐2 LEO satellite (2021)

Summary The latest technical recommendation by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) for a data exchange system in the VHF maritime mobile band defines a random access channel (RAC) for communications on the uplink channel between vessels and satellites. The physical layer frame for random uplink channel is designed to allow for a more efficient use of the power amplifiers and includes features to assist the satellite receivers to resolve overlapping reception of multiple messages. This paper presents the performance results of an over‐the‐air test campaign carried out exploiting the NorSat‐2 Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite. After a review of the VDE‐SAT RAC and Link ID 20 burst, a possible demodulator implementation is shown. Then, the VDE‐SAT transmitter platform, located in Pisa, Italy, emulating a population of vessels transmitting to the NorSat‐2 LEO satellite is introduced, and the test cases are described. Afterward, the analysis of the recorded signals is provided. The post‐analysis first focuses on the demodulation performance in terms of probability of successful demodulation of the interfering bursts. Further investigation has also been carried out to better understand the interference environment in this frequency band for satellite signal reception. Tests indicate promising results of successfully detecting and demodulating up to 22 overlapping RAC messages, confirming the robustness of the protocol. Finally, capitalizing on the above analysis, conclusions suggest possible improvements.
A 0.85mm2 51%-Efficient 11-dBm Compact DCO-DPA in 16-nm FinFET for Sub-Gigahertz IoT TX Using HD2 Self-Suppression and Pulling Mitigation (2019)

In this paper, we propose a sub-gigahertz transmitter (TX) with a physically merged digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) and digital power amplifier (DPA). The matching transformer of single-ended DPA is placed inside the DCO transformer to save ~50% of area. The resulting DCO pulling is compensated via a feedback path and an inter-winding cancellation capacitor suppresses the second harmonic. Fabricated in 16-nm FinFET CMOS, the DPA reaches 51% efficiency at 11-dBm output with <; -55-dBc HD <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> . The 1.8-GHz DCO exhibits -116-dBc/Hz phase noise (PN) at 1-MHz offset and draws 195 uW from 0.3-V supply. The error vector magnitude measured with a 2-MHz 64-Quadratic amplitude modulation (QAM) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing signal at 5-dBm average power is 3.7%.
Intermediates in the reduction of the antituberculosis drug PA-824, (6S)-2-nitro-6-{[4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzyl]oxy}-6,7-dihydro-5H-imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]oxazine, in aqueous solution (2008)

The reduction chemistry of the new anti-tuberculosis drug PA-824, together with a more water-soluble analogue, have been investigated using pulse and steady-state radiolysis in aqueous solution. Stepwise reduction of these nitroimidazo-dihydrooxazine compounds through electron transfer from the CO(2) (-) species revealed that, unlike related nitroimidazoles, 2-electron addition resulted in the reduction of the imidazole ring in preference to the nitro group. In mildly acidic solution a nitrodihydroimidazo intermediate was formed, which was reduced further to the amine product. In both alkaline and neutral solution, an intermediate produced on 2-electron reduction was resistant to further reduction and reverted to parent compound on extraction or mass spectrometric analysis of the solution. The unusual reduction chemistry of these nitroimidazole compounds, exhibiting ring over nitro group reduction, is associated with alkoxy substitution in the 2-position of a 4-nitroimidazole. The unique properties of the intermediates formed on the reduction of PA-824 need to be considered as playing a possible role in its bactericidal action.
A chiral, heterometallic metal-organic framework derived from a tris(chelate) coordination complex (2005)

A novel tris(chelate) metalloligand has been used to synthesize a chiral, heterometallic metal-organic framework that is robust to solvent removal and shows selective uptake of nitroaromatic compounds.
Universal Approach to Rapid Amplified Plasmonic Sensing Using Helix Defect Phase Transition Polymers (2021)

Abstract Permittivity sensing is a critically important analytical tool for bioscience, environmental, and industrial applications. The response time for commonly used plasmonic permittivity sensors is fundamentally set by the reaction kinetics of chemically adsorbed analytes. In this work, the proposal is to overcome this limit by combining plasmonic sensors with phase transition materials possessing a rapid amplified electrostatic response such as quadrupole moment induced molecular helix reversal. As a proof‐of‐concept, rapid sensing of CO 2 on a phase transition polytetrafluoroethylene substrate and amplification of permittivity response in plasmonic Fabry–Perot sensor is shown. The demonstrated universal approach holds promise for a wide range of applications in fast, real time sensing and monitoring of biological and environmental processes.
Idiopathic CD4+ T-lymphocyte depletion in a West African population (1994)

In the absence of HIV infection, CD4+ T-lymphocytopenia is uncommon (< 1%) in West African asymptomatic individuals but is more frequent in those with tuberculosis (4%) and hospitalized patients (10%). CD4+ T-lymphocytopenia in HIV-negative individuals was not associated with wasting syndrome or increased mortality. There was no evidence for frequent, clinically relevant immune deficiency other than that associated with HIV infection.
Models for nitrification process design: one or two AOB populations? (2011)

Models for engineering design of nitrifying systems use one ammonia oxidizer biomass (AOB) state variable. A simple extension using two AOB populations allows a more accurate prediction of nitrification systems at switching process environments. These two AOB subpopulations are characterized by two different sets of kinetic parameters. Selection pressure and competition between the two functional AOB populations are determined by process conditions as demonstrated by three case studies: Case study I describes dynamics of two AOB populations showing different temperature sensitivities (modified Arrhenius term on growth and decay) when bioaugmented from the warm sidestream treatment environment to the cold mainstream and vice-versa. Case study II investigates competition between fast growing micro-strategists and k-strategists adjusted to low ammonia levels depending on the internal mixed liquor recycle rate (IMLR). Case study III shows that AOB transferred from the waste activated sludge of an SBR to the parallel continuous flow system with different decay kinetics can overgrow or coexist with the original population.
Acoustic wave propagation through periodic bubbly liquids (1992)

A three-dimensional finite-element analysis is used to determine the acoustic behavior of plane waves propagating through bubbly liquids having periodic bubble distributions. The results obtained from the model include the effective phase speed and attenuation of the medium, the acoustic field in the region of each bubble, and the virtual mass for both the monopole and dipole modes of bubble oscillation. The results are in agreement with both experimental data and previous analytical results.
Coiled Tubing Milling Operations: Successful Application of an Innovative Variable-Water Hammer Extended-Reach BHA to Improve End Load Efficiencies of a PDM in Horizontal Wells (2011)

Abstract Horizontal completions continue to increase in popularity throughout the industry. In North America the majority of horizontal wells are drilled in shale gas formations. These formations require fracture stimulation for economic production. The majority of these stimulations are completed by fracturing four to six clusters of perforations simultaneously at high rates followed by a mechanical isolation with a composite bridge plug. As the horizontal wells increase in length the number of plugs required increases, with up to twenty plugs not being uncommon. These plugs are removed with a positive displacement motor (PDM) and mill run on either coiled tubing (CT) or jointed pipe. In longer-reach horizontal completions, plug removal using CT becomes more challenging as the efficiency of surface end loads transmitted to the mill are reduced. Quite often the deepest plugs can not be reached with standard coiled tubing, instead requiring larger-diameter, more costly, coiled tubing or jointed pipe. The need to extend the operating depth to effectively operate PDMs and reach the deepest plugs has led to development of several tool systems. This paper will discuss the engineering, design, testing and initial field trial results of a variable fluid hammer extended-reach tool; how it was used to improve plug milling performance, to give superior control of weight on bit, to extend coiled tubing reach in the horizontal section and to reduce operational time. These field results will be compared with results using other methods of friction reduction, such as pipe-on-pipe friction reducers.
In this issue: Tec Kinases in the Crosshairs (2012)

Tec family kinases are the second largest family of non-receptor tyrosine kinases, of critical importance to the biology of cells derived from the bone marrow. Significant progress in this area during the last decade revealed a role for several of these kinases in inflammatory and oncologic disorders. This led to the discovery and development of molecular targeted therapies against Tec kinases, most notably to date Btk, already showing promising clinical activity in B cell lymphoma and autoimmunity. As Btk does not carry oncogenic modifications, this also establishes a novel therapeutic paradigm, based on targeting ancillary pathways recruited by the pathogenic process to become pivotal to cancer cell's biology. This issue focuses on biology and translation of Tec kinases, at the cross-roads between immunology and cancer.
Effect of Coating Thickness on the Friction Coefficients and Torque-Tension Relationship in Threaded Fasteners (2008)

This paper experimentally investigates the effect of coating thickness on the thread, bearing friction coefficients and torque-tension relationship in threaded fasteners. The torque-tension relationship is highly sensitive frictional changes. Two different coating thicknesses are investigated using two bolt sizes; realtime test data is collected for two ranges of bolt tension. The experimental set up collects real-time data on the tightening torque, bolt tension, and the corresponding reaction torque. Test data is used for calculating the thread and bearing friction coefficients, as well as the overall torque-tension relationship for two different coating thicknesses. The study would provide an insight into the variation of the torque-tension relationship which is a key factor that significantly affect the reliability and safety of bolted assemblies in many mechanical and structural applications.
BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS WITH A PHOSPHORYL-CONTAINING BACKBONE: TISSUE ENGINEERING AND CONTROLLED DRUG DELIVERY APPLICATIONS * (1995)

This review provides a glimpse of the potential of the biodegradable phos-phoryl-containing polymers in medical applications. Undoubtedly these polymerspossess unique properties that are yet to be fully understood. Many areas warrantfurther investigation and much optimization remains to be done. The fascinatingchemistry of phosphorus poses interesting hurdles but at the same time leavesample room for polymer scientists to exercise their creativity in designinginteresting biomaterials. As the mutual understanding between basic and clinicalscientists on the need of medical devices and the capabilities of these newbiomaterials expands, imaginative application of new biomaterials to other medi-cal applications can be expected.
Side Information in the Binary Stochastic Block Model: Exact Recovery (2017)

In the community detection problem, one may have access to additional observations (side information) about the label of each node. This paper studies the effect of the quality and quantity of side information on the phase transition of exact recovery in the binary symmetric stochastic block model (SBM) with $n$ nodes. When the side information consists of the label observed through a binary symmetric channel with crossover probability $α$, and when $\log(\frac{1-α}α) =O(\log(n))$, it is shown that side information has a positive effect on phase transition; the new phase transition under this condition is characterized. When $α$ is constant or approaches zero sufficiently slowly, i.e., $\log(\frac{1-α}α) = o(\log(n))$, it is shown that side information does not help exact recovery. When the side information consists of the label observed through a binary erasure channel with parameter $ε$, and when $\log(ε)=O(\log(n))$, it is shown that side information improves exact recovery and the new phase transition is characterized. If $\log(ε)=o(\log(n))$, then it is shown that side information is not helpful. The results are then generalized to an arbitrary side information of finite cardinality. Necessary and sufficient conditions are derived for exact recovery that are tight, except for one special case under $M$-ary side information. An efficient algorithm that incorporates the effect of side information is proposed that uses a partial recovery algorithm combined with a local improvement procedure. Sufficient conditions are derived for exact recovery under this efficient algorithm.
High-Specific Impulse Hall Thrusters, Part 1: Influence of Current Density and Magnetic Field (2006)

Peer Reviewed
Radiation treatment of hemato-oncological patients in times of the COVID-19 pandemic (2020)

RT for hemato-oncological patients receives high-priority and should be maintained even in later stages of the pandemic. Hypofractionation and shortened treatment schedules are feasible options for well-defined constellations, but have to be discussed in the clinical context.
2,7-Fluorenediyl-Bridged Complexes Containing Electroactive “Fe(η5-C5Me5)(κ2-dppe)C≡C–” End Groups: Molecular Wires and Remarkable Nonlinear Electrochromes (2015)

The 2,7-fluorenyl-bridged Fe(η5-C5Me5)(κ2-dppe)[C≡C(2,7-C13H6Bu2)C≡C]Fe(η5-C5Me5)(κ2-dppe) (1a), its extended analogue Fe(η5-C5Me5)(κ2-dppe)[C≡C(1,4-C6H4)C≡C(2,7-C13H6Bu2)C≡C(1,4-C6H4)C≡C](η5-C5Me5)(κ2-dppe)Fe (1b), and the corresponding mononuclear complexes Fe(η5-C5Me5)(κ2-dppe)[C≡C(2-C13H7Bu2)] (2a) and Fe(η5-C5Me5)(κ2-dppe)[C≡C(1,4-C6H4)C≡C(2-C13H7Bu2)] (2b), which model half of these molecules, have been synthesized and characterized in their various redox states. The molecular wire characteristics of the dinuclear complexes were examined in their mixed-valent states, with progression from 1a[PF6] to 1b[PF6] resulting in a sharp decrease in electronic coupling. The cubic nonlinear optical properties of these species were investigated over the visible and near-IR range, a particular emphasis being placed on their multiphoton absorption properties; the complexes are shown to function as redox-switchable nonlinear chromophores at selected wavelengths, and the more extended derivatives are shown to exhibit the more promising NLO performance.
X-ray Tomographic Reconstruction for Understanding Lignin-Induced Changes in the Microstructure and Properties of Polyurethane Insulation Foam (2023)

Lignin, the most abundant aromatic biopolymer, is explored as a renewable polyol substituent and functional additive in rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) for structural and insulation applications. The understanding of the complex microstructural changes in the RPUF caused by lignin micro-nanoparticles has been limited by traditional two-dimensional cross-sectional imaging methods (typically limited to the average cell diameters). This study reports the microstructural changes induced by the dispersion of kraft lignin (0–2% w/w) in RPUF as monitored using X-ray computed microtomographic (X-ray μCT) analysis. The reconstruction and quantification analysis provide greater insight into the changes induced by lignin on the microstructure of the RPUF, allowing rationalization of the microstructure with physical properties. In comparison to scanning electron microscopy, the magnitude of differences observed in spatial parameters (cell volume, cell surface area, cell ellipticity, and distribution) and skeletal parameters (thickness, length, and the distribution of cell walls and struts) is significant and the presented methodology can be applied to the in-depth analysis of other cellular plastics.
Electrochemistry of Nonplanar Zinc(II) Tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrins (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrochemistry of Nonplanar Zinc(II) Tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrinsJulia A. Hodge, Michael G. Hill, and Harry B. GrayCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1995, 34, 4, 809–812Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00108a011https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00108a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views678Altmetric-Citations88LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
High-Generalizability Reinforcement Learning Based Capacity Optimization in WDM Long-Haul Networks (2022)

We propose a fast machine learning assisted capacity optimization in a point-to-point link of an elastic optical network using a reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm. We demonstrate a RL agent trained on idealized parameters in simulation, and compare the results with classical optimization algorithms such as a genetic algorithm and a simple power sweep. Furthermore, we present the high generalization ability of the RL agent under varying link conditions. Experimental results show that for 8 DWDM channels over nine 50km spans of True Wave Classic NZDSF with a span loss of 12 dB the RL agent is able to cope with these unseen conditions, removing the need to optimize for every possible link scenario during training.
SqueezeLight: Towards Scalable Optical Neural Networks with Multi-Operand Ring Resonators (2021)

Optical neural networks (ONNs) have demonstrated promising potentials for next-generation artificial intelligence acceleration with ultra-low latency, high bandwidth, and low energy consumption. However, due to high area cost and lack of efficient sparsity exploitation, previous ONN designs fail to provide scalable and efficient neuromorphic computing, which hinders the practical implementation of photonic neural accelerators. In this work, we propose a novel design methodology to enable a more scalable ONN architecture. We propose a nonlinear optical neuron based on multi-operand ring resonators to achieve neuromorphic computing with a compact footprint, low wavelength usage, learnable neuron balancing, and built-in nonlinearity. The structured sparsity is exploited to support more efficient ONN engines via a fine-grained structured pruning technique. A robustness-aware learning method is adopted to guarantee the variation-tolerance of our ONN. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed ONN achieves one-order-of-magnitude improvement in compactness and efficiency over previous designs with high fidelity and robustness.
Translation durch Konvergenz: Drug‐Delivery‐Forschung in multidisziplinären Teams (2018)

Die Kluft zwischen Wirkstoffentwicklung und der erfolgreichen Umsetzung in die klinische Praxis (Translation) ist gewaltig. Wirksame Lösungen erfordern die Zusammenarbeit multidisziplinärer Teams von unterschiedlicher Expertise (Konvergenz). Dieser Essay stellt zwei Fallbeispiele für die Entwicklung dauerhafter Wirkstoffverabreichungssysteme für Antimalaria- und antiretrovirale Medikamente im Magen-Darm-Trakt vor.
F0 downtrends ~speech analysis and synthesis\ (2002)

F0 contours tend to decline over the course of a major intonation phrase (MaIP). These F0 downtrends form an envelope decomposed of a baseline and a top-line. The baseline declination is a non-uniform function. That is, the slope of its angle is greater at the lower level constituents boundaries of the prosodic structure, e.g. at the edge of the noun phrase that forms a prosodic boundary, i.e. at the edge of a minor intonation phrase (MiIP); while its gradient is smaller for the rest of the utterance. The top-line, on the other hand, has a steplike reduction per peak. This compresses the pitch range much greater than the baseline. Application of the downstep rules can result in high quality synthetic speech.