gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Channel Transport in 4H-SiC MOSFETs: A Brief Review (2013)

This paper reviews the channel mobility problem in 4H-SiC MOSFETs. The importance of fundamental investigations on dielectric-SiC interfaces for next generation SiC power devices are highlighted and state-of-the-art interface passivation processes are discussed. Transport limiting mechanisms in current 4H-SiC MOSFETs are discussed and some key areas that need to be investigated for further improvement of this technology are identified. A necessary shift of focus from interface trap density reduction to other transport limiting mechanisms is motivated by discussing recent results.
<p>Differential gene expression identifies KRT7 and MUC1 as potential metastasis-specific targets in sarcoma</p> (2019)

KRT7 and MUC1 may play a significant role in enabling sarcoma metastasis, and they may therefore be important prognostic biomarkers as well as potential targets for therapeutic prevention of metastasis.
Table S3 from IL1 Receptor Antagonist Controls Transcriptional Signature of Inflammation in Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Information from patients in clinical trial&lt;/p&gt;
System-level testing of RF transmitter specifications using optimized periodic bitstreams (2004)

In this paper, a novel algorithm has been proposed to measure system specifications of an integrated transmitter, which capture the non-linearities of the system-under-test. The measurement of these specifications is important, as these determine the amount of "interference" created by the transmitting system in adjacent channels while transmitting data in a specific channel. By using an optimized periodic bit stream, with energy concentrated at fewer frequencies, all the specifications of interest are measured. This requires fewer measurements and hence, significantly reduced test time compared to standard test techniques. Studies show that the test time can be reduced considerably by changing the number of periods of the optimum bit-sequence without losing accuracy in measurement. The number of test measurements was reduced by a factor of two. Overall, using the proposed approach, more than an order of magnitude reduction in test time was achieved, while the different specifications were measured up to a maximum accuracy of /spl plusmn/0.2% of the actual value.
Death to Gradgrind (2018)

There has always been a “reading crisis,” at least for the last two hundred years. Up to the end of the nineteenth century critics fretted over the spread of mass literacy, which (they anticipated) would degrade the quality of literature. And then, at various points over the twentieth century, critics warned that the Book-of-the-Month Club, or middlebrow literature, or paperbacks, or the Great Books of the Western World, or Oprah Winfrey would mean the end of serious reading. As documented here, none of these irrational fears had any basis in reality. But even if others frequently cried wolf in the past, there are real and present threats to reading, and often (ironically) they come from the very quarters that warn that reading is in a crisis that must be addressed. Perhaps the most deeply troubling development on the reading instruction front is Common Core, a set of educational standards that promises “career and college readiness.” It has been adopted by most of the fifty states in the US, though several are having second thoughts and pulling back. The Gates Foundation has heavily promoted Common Core, donating a total of $150 million to teachers’ unions, universities, foundations, state departments of education, and think tanks that support the program. What Bill Gates prefers to call “ philanthropy” was in this case more like an investment, given that the Common Core would require much greater use of computers in classrooms. Likewise, publishing giant Pearson stood ready to corral a huge and largely captive market for textbooks oriented to Common Core. (Historians of textbooks know that, because they are usually sold to a government monopsony, opportunities for corruption are enormous.) Championed as well by Education Secretary Arne Duncan and many state governors, Common Core thus involves the takeover of school reading instruction not by capitalism, but by crony capitalism, cutting out both teachers and parents in shaping educational policy. Pearson was awarded contracts that effectively ensured that the company would be the only qualified bidder. In a 28 February 2014 meeting, Pearson CEO John Fallon and CFO Robin Freestone discussed the company’s long-term profitability with eight market analysts.
A comprehensive study of the use of temporal moments in time-resolved diffuse optical tomography: Part i. theoretical material (2009)

Abstract. The present paper addresses the inverse problem of time-resolved (fluorescence) diffuse optical tomography from temporal moments of the measurements. A methodology that enables to provide fairly comparable reconstructions is presented. The proposed reconstruction methodology is applied to infinite medium synthetic phantoms in the transmission geometry. Reconstructions are performed for moment orders increasing from 0 to 3. The reconstruction quality is shown to be increasing when higher moment orders are added. However, the value of the highest useful moments order strongly depends on the number of photons that can be acquired. In particular, it can be considered that the benefit of using higher order moments vanishes when fewer than 108 photons are detected. The evolution of the reconstruction quality with respect to the optical properties of the medium and fluorescence lifetime is also shown. Reconstructions from moments in Time-Resolved Diffuse Optical Tomography 2 1.
Glaucoma Detection by Learning from Multiple Informatics Domains (2015)

We present a comprehensive and fully automatic glaucoma detection approach that uses machine learning techniques over multiple informatics domains, consisting of personal profile data, genetic data, and retinal image data. This approach, referred to as MKLclm, enriches the feature set of the multiple kernel learning (MKL) framework through the incorporation of classemes, which represent the outputs of multiple class-specific classifiers trained from the data of each informatics domain. We validate our MKLclm framework on a population- based dataset consisting of 2258 subjects, achieving an AUC of 94.9% ± 1.7% and a specificity of 88.5% ± 2.7% at 85% sensitivity, which is significantly better than the current clinical standard of care which uses intraocular pressure (IOP) for glaucoma detection. The experiments also demonstrate that MKLclm outperforms the standard SVM method using data from individual domains, as well as the traditional MKL method, showing that this deeper integration of data from different informatics domains can lead to significant gains in holistic glaucoma diagnosis and screening.
A Scalable Server Load Balancing Method Using IP Address Stealing (2013)

To deal with rapid traffic growth, service providers who offer their services through the Internet must make their service system scalable. To achieve scalability, service providers often use a load balancer on the front of their system. However, load balancers tend to be a bottleneck of the system or a single point of failure. To address this problem, we propose a novel load balancing method as a way to help achieve scalable services. To eliminate the bottleneck imposed by conventional load balancers, our method utilizes IP routing. Each server has a large number of IP addresses for providing client service. When load imbalance occurs, a lightly loaded server "steals" IP addresses from a heavily loaded server. A preliminary experiment carried out using a prototype implementation demonstrates that our method is effective and that randomized monitoring topology works better than ring topologies.
Assemblages Membrane Electrodes Innovants pour Pile Alcaline à Membrane Sans Platine (2009)

National audience
BARcode DEmixing through Non-negative Spatial Regression (BarDensr) (2020)

Abstract Modern spatial transcriptomics methods can target thousands of different types of RNA transcripts in a single slice of tissue. Many biological applications demand a high spatial density of transcripts relative to the imaging resolution, leading to partial mixing of transcript rolonies in many voxels; unfortunately, current analysis methods do not perform robustly in this highly-mixed setting. Here we develop a new analysis approach, BARcode DEmixing through Non-negative Spatial Regression (BarDensr): we start with a generative model of the physical process that leads to the observed image data and then apply sparse convex optimization methods to estimate the underlying (demixed) rolony densities. We apply Bar-Densr to simulated and real data and find that it achieves state of the art signal recovery, particularly in densely-labeled regions or data with low spatial resolution. Finally, BarDensr is fast and parallelizable. We provide open-source code as well as an implementation for the ‘NeuroCAAS’ cloud platform. Author Summary Spatial transcriptomics technologies allow us to simultaneously detect multiple molecular targets in the context of intact tissues. These experiments yield images that answer two questions: which kinds of molecules are present, and where are they located in the tissue? In many experiments (e.g., mapping RNA expression in fine neuronal processes), it is desirable to increase the signal density relative to the imaging resolution. This may lead to mixing of signals from multiple RNA molecules into single imaging voxels; thus we need to demix the signals from these images. Here we introduce BarDensr, a new computational method to perform this demixing. The method is based on a forward model of the imaging process, followed by a convex optimization approach to approximately ‘invert’ mixing induced during imaging. This new approach leads to significantly improved performance in demixing imaging data with dense expression and/or low spatial resolution.
Amplified 32 × 32 Star Coupler Module with Gain (1993)

A passive N × N star coupler plays a central role in many high throughput multiple-access optical WDM networks. However, its inherent 1 /N power splitting and excess loss may limit the ultimate size of the star coupler. One way to overcome this problem is to use erbium-doped fiber (EDF) amplifiers to compensate for the splitting and excess loss of the star. The number of EDF amplifiers and the choice of their locations in the star network decide the complexity and cost of the network. Full compensation for the loss of large stars can be achieved by incorporating an EDF amplifier as an optical preamplifier at the receiver of each node, however, each receiving port requires its own EDF and associated pump laser at a cost which can be prohibitive.
GPU-accelerated block matching algorithm for deformable registration of lung CT images (2015)

Deformable registration (DR) is a key technology in the medical field. However, many of the existing DR methods are time-consuming and the registration accuracy needs to be improved, which prevents their clinical applications. In this study, we propose a parallel block matching algorithm for lung CT image registration, in which the sum of squared difference metric is modified as the cost function and the moving least squares approach is used to generate the full displacement field. The algorithm is implemented on Graphic Processing Unit (GPU) with the Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA). Results show that the proposed parallel block matching method achieves a fast runtime while maintaining an average registration error (standard deviation) of 1.08 (0.69) mm.
Session 22 overview: Image Sensors (2010)

The imaging area is one of the most exciting and dynamic areas of the electronics industry. The pervasion of imaging into society was boosted significantly when it was included inside most mobile phones. Although this a huge driver of the industry, there are still new applications that continue to push the growth and innovation of the technology. This session highlights advances in Image Sensors in several areas, including readout circuitry, pixels, and applications.
The Synergistic Effect of Co-Treatment of Methyl Jasmonate and Cyclodextrins on Pterocarpan Production in Sophora flavescens Cell Cultures (2020)

Pterocarpans are derivatives of isoflavonoids, found in many species of the family Fabaceae. <i>Sophora</i> <i>flavescens</i> Aiton is a promising traditional Asian medicinal plant. Plant cell suspension cultures represent an excellent source for the production of valuable secondary metabolites. Herein, we found that methyl jasmonate (MJ) elicited the activation of pterocarpan biosynthetic genes in cell suspension cultures of <i>S. flavescens</i> and enhanced the accumulation of pterocarpans, producing mainly trifolirhizin, trifolirhizin malonate, and maackiain. MJ application stimulated the expression of structural genes (PAL, C4H, 4CL, CHS, CHR, CHI, IFS, I3'H, and IFR) of the pterocarpan biosynthetic pathway. In addition, the co-treatment of MJ and methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MeβCD) as a solubilizer exhibited a synergistic effect on the activation of the pterocarpan biosynthetic genes. The maximum level of total pterocarpan production (37.2 mg/g dry weight (DW)) was obtained on day 17 after the application of 50 μM MJ on cells. We also found that the combined treatment of cells for seven days with MJ and MeβCD synergistically induced the pterocarpan production (trifolirhizin, trifolirhizin malonate, and maackiain) in the cells (58 mg/g DW) and culture medium (222.7 mg/L). Noteworthy, the co-treatment only stimulated the elevated extracellular production of maackiain in the culture medium, indicating its extracellular secretion; however, its glycosides (trifolirhizin and trifolirhizin malonate) were not detected in any significant amounts in the culture medium. This work provides new strategies for the pterocarpan production in plant cell suspension cultures, and shows MeβCD to be an effective solubilizer for the extracellular production of maackiain in the cell cultures of <i>S. flavescens</i>.
Solenopsis invicta virus 3 infection alters foraging behavior in its host Solenopsis invicta (2023)

Solenopsis invicta is an invasive ant introduced into the United States in the early 1900s. Control efforts and damage caused by this ant exceed $8 billion annually. Solenopsis invicta virus 3 (SINV-3) is a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus (Solinviviridae) that is being used as a classical natural control agent for S. invicta. S. invicta colonies were exposed to purified preparations of SINV-3 to investigate the impact of the virus on the ant. Food retrieval behavior (i.e., foraging) by worker ants was significantly decreased, which led to mortality among all life stages. Queen fecundity and weight were also significantly decreased. The change in food retrieval was associated with the exhibition of an unusual behavior, whereby the remaining live ant workers wedged dead ant worker corpses into and on top of cricket carcasses (the laboratory colony food source). SINV-3 infection alters foraging behavior in S. invicta, which adversely impacts colony nutrition.
The p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Inhibitor SB203580 Reduces Glucose Turnover by the Glucose Transporter-4 of 3T3-L1 Adipocytes in the Insulin-Stimulated State (2005)

Insulin induces a profound increase in glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes through the activity of the glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4). Apart from GLUT4 translocation toward the plasma membrane, there is also an insulin-induced p38 MAPK-dependent step involved in the regulation of glucose uptake. Consequently, treatment with the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 reduces insulin-induced glucose uptake by approximately 30%. Pretreatment with SB203580 does not alter the apparent K(m) of GLUT4-mediated glucose uptake but reduces the maximum velocity by approximately 30%. Insulin-induced GLUT4 translocation and exposure of the transporter to the extracellular environment was not altered by pretreatment with SB203580, as evidenced by a lack of effect of the inhibitor on the amount of GLUT4 present in the plasma membrane, as assessed by subcellular fractionation, the amount of GLUT4 that is able to undergo biotinylation on intact adipocytes and the level of extracellular exposure of an ectopically expressed GLUT-green fluorescence protein construct with a hemagglutinin tag in its first extracellular loop. In contrast, labeling of GLUT4 after insulin stimulation by a membrane-impermeable, mannose moiety-containing, photoaffinity-labeling agent [2-N-4(1-azido-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)benzoyl-1,3-bis(d-mannose-4-yloxy)-2-propylamine] that binds to the extracellular glucose acceptor domain was markedly reduced by SB203580, although photolabeling with this compound in the absence of insulin was unaffected by SB203580. These data suggest that SB203580 affects glucose turnover by the insulin-responsive GLUT4 transporter in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
Real-time observation of conformational switching in single conjugated polymer chains (2018)

Conjugated polymers (CPs) are an important class of organic semiconductors that combine novel optoelectronic properties with simple processing from organic solvents. It is important to study CP conformation in solution to understand the physics of these materials and because it affects the properties of solution-processed films. Single-molecule techniques are unique in their ability to extract information on a chain-to-chain basis; however, in the context of CPs, technical challenges have limited their general application to host matrices or semiliquid environments that constrain the conformational dynamics of the polymer. We introduce a conceptually different methodology that enables measurements in organic solvents using the single-end anchoring of polymer chains to avoid diffusion while preserving polymer flexibility. We explore the effect of organic solvents and show that, in addition to chain-to-chain conformational heterogeneity, collapsed and extended polymer segments can coexist within the same chain. The technique enables real-time solvent-exchange measurements, which show that anchored CP chains respond to sudden changes in solvent conditions on a subsecond time scale. Our results give an unprecedented glimpse into the mechanism of solvent-induced reorganization of CPs and can be expected to lead to a new range of techniques to investigate and conformationally manipulate CPs.
Non–linear network coding for two–way discrete channels (2009)

In this paper, we present optimal network coding which can maximize achievable rate region in two-way relaying discrete channels, where there are two communicating nodes and one relaying node. We focus on a low-complexity relaying protocol termed the detect-and-forward (DtF) scheme, in which the relaying node does not require channel decoding but detection. We first analyze the achievable rate region of any digital network coding function including non-linear types. We then search for the optimal network code in favor of maximizing two kinds of performance measures: the sum rate and the product rate. For high SNR regimes, linear network codes like the exclusive-or (XOR) function can offer the maximum-achievable rate region. Whereas, for low SNR regimes, it is verified that non-linear network codes like the negate-or (NOR) function can outperform linear codes due to the effect of error occurrence at the intermediate relaying node.
Efficient Modelling Approach for an InP based Mach-Zehnder modulator (2014)

We present an efficient modelling method based on quasi-static TEM analysis to design travelling wave InP Mach-Zehnder modulators. The analysis uses a conformal mapping technique to determine the equivalent circuit elements directly from the physical structure of the modulator waveguide layer stack. These elements are then used to investigate the propagation properties of the phase shifting section of the modulator. The fast computation time allows extraction of various design curves involving multiple design variables in order to optimise the modulation bandwidth. The contact resistance has been incorporated in the model to demonstrate the significance of low contact resistance for high modulation efficiency. The full structure is then simulated in HFSS. A modulator based on all these design optimisations has been fabricated and tested. Small signal measurements agree very well with the simulations. An electrical bandwidth of 21 GHz has been achieved which is suitable for optical modulation of data rates >20 Gbps. The designed modulator is also suitable for photonic integration.
Vanadium-induced HB-EGF expression in human lung fibroblasts is oxidant dependent and requires MAP kinases (2003)

Vanadium pentoxide (V(2)O(5)) is a transition metal derived from the burning of petrochemicals that causes airway fibrosis and remodeling. Vanadium compounds activate many intracellular signaling pathways via the generation of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) or other reactive oxygen species. In this study, we investigated the regulation of heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) in human lung fibroblasts after V(2)O(5) treatment. V(2)O(5)-induced HB-EGF mRNA expression was abolished by N-acetyl-l-cysteine, suggesting an oxidant-mediated effect. Exogenous H(2)O(2) (>10 microM) mimicked the effect of V(2)O(5) in upregulating HB-EGF expression. Fibroblasts spontaneously released low levels of H(2)O(2) (1-2 microM), and the addition of V(2)O(5) depleted the endogenous H(2)O(2) pool within minutes. V(2)O(5) caused a subsequent increase of H(2)O(2) into the culture medium at 12 h. However, the burst of V(2)O(5)-induced H(2)O(2) occurred after V(2)O(5)-induced HB-EGF mRNA expression at 3 h, indicating that the V(2)O(5)-stimulated H(2)O(2) burst did not mediate HB-EGF expression. Either V(2)O(5) or H(2)O(2) activated ERK-1/2 and p38 MAP kinase. Inhibitors of the ERK-1/2 pathway (PD-98059) or p38 MAP kinase (SB-203580) significantly reduced either V(2)O(5)- or H(2)O(2)-induced HB-EGF expression. These data indicate that vanadium upregulates HB-EGF via ERK and p38 MAP kinases. The induction of HB-EGF is not related to a burst of H(2)O(2) in V(2)O(5) treated cells, yet the action of V(2)O(5) in upregulating HB-EGF is oxidant dependent and could be due to the reaction of V(2)O(5) with endogenous H(2)O(2).
Industrial Indoor Measurements from 2-6 GHz for the 3GPP-NR and QuaDRiGa Channel Model (2019)

Providing reliable low latency wireless links for advanced manufacturing and processing systems is a vision of Industry 4.0. Developing, testing and rating requires accurate models of the radio propagation channel. The current 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) new radio (NR) model as well as the quasi deterministic radio channel generator (QuaDRiGa) lack the propagation parameters for the industrial indoor scenario. To close this gap, measurements were conducted at 2.37 GHz and 5.4 GHz at operational Siemens premises in Nuremberg, Germany. Furthermore, the campaign was planned to allow the test and parameterization of new features of the QuaDRiGa channel model such as support for device-to-device (D2D) radio links and spatial consistency. A total of 5.9 km measurement track was used to extract the statistical model parameters for line of sight (LOS) and Non-LOS propagation conditions. It was found that the metallic walls and objects in the halls create a rich scattering environment, where a large number of multipath components arrive at the receiver from all directions. This leads to a robust communication link, provided that the transceivers can handle the interference. The extracted parameters can be used in geometric-stochastic channel models such as QuaDRiGa to support simulation studies, both on link and system level.