gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A NOVEL METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF SILDENAFIL (VIAGRA) AND ITS METABOLITE (UK-103,320) IN POSTMORTEM SPECIMENS USING LC/MS/MS AND LC/MS/MS/MS (2000)

During the investigation of aviation accidents, postmortem samples from victims are submitted to the Federal Aviation Administration's Civil Aerospace Medical Institute (CAMI) for drug analysis. Because new drugs are continually being released, CAMI must develop methods to identify these new drugs. This paper presents a rapid and reliable method for the identification and quantitation of sildenafil (Viagra) and its metabolite, UK-103,320. Sildenafil, when used properly, is relatively safe but it does have certain side effects that could create potential hazards. The procedure described herein incorporates solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatograph (LC)/mass spectrometer (MS)/MS and MS/MS/MS utilizing an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization ion trap mass spectrometer in the positive ionization mode. Solid-phase extraction provided an efficient sample extraction yielding recoveries of approximately 80%. This method is highly selective and sensitive, having a limit of detection of 1 ng/mL for both compounds. Sildenafil and UK-103,320 were found to have a linear dynamic range of 2-800 ng/mL and 4-800 ng/mL, respectively. This procedure showed intra-day (within day) relative error of equal to or less than 6% and relative standard deviation (RSD) within 4% for both the 50 ng/mL and 200 ng/mL controls. The inter-day (between day) relative errors were equal to or less than 4%, while the RSD was within 12% for both control concentrations. Sildenafil and UK-103,320 were found to be stable in blood for at least one week at 4C. This method was also used for the determination of sildenafil and UK-103,320 in postmortem fluid and tissue specimens collected from fatal aviation accident victims.
UV radiation-induced surface wetting changes in lithium niobate single crystals (2006)

Irradiation of lithium niobate crystal surfaces with UV radiation modifies the wetting properties of the surface which becomes super-hydrophilic. This effect is used for spatially selective attachment of chemical species on the laser exposed areas.
Double‐Bond Isomerization of Olefins (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Remaining useful life prediction of individual units subject to hard failure (2014)

To develop a cost-effective condition-based maintenance strategy, accurate prediction of the Remaining Useful Life (RUL) is the key. It is known that many failure mechanisms in engineering can be traced back to some underlying degradation processes. This article proposes a two-stage prognostic framework for individual units subject to hard failure, based on joint modeling of degradation signals and time-to-event data. The proposed algorithm features a low computational load, online prediction, and dynamic updating. Its application to automotive battery RUL prediction is discussed in this article as an example. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through a simulation study and real data.
Abstract 467: The ApoA-1 Mimetic Peptide D-4F Shows Antidiabetic Efficacy In db/db Mice Only After Intraperitoneal Administration (2012)

Objective: The apoA-I mimetic peptide L-4F has previously been shown to have antidiabetic efficacy in ob/ob mice. In this study we tested the antidiabetic potential of the D-4F peptide. Methods: We dosed 6 weeks old male db/db mice once daily with 4.5 μmol/kg D-4F either given by the ip. or the sc. route. Blood glucose (BG) and body weight (BW) were monitored twice weekly, 24 h food intake was measured daily and HbA1c was measured once weekly. After 5 weeks the mice were sacrificed and blood was collected for D-4F concentration measurements. Abdominal and subcutaneous tissues were harvested for histology. Results: Blood glucose, HbA1c and food intake were all significantly reduced in the group dosed with D-4F by the ip route as compared to the vehicle dosed group. In contrast, there was no effect of D-4F when given by the sc. route. This was despite similar and high plasma concentration of D-4F (Table 1). Macroscopially, chronic adhesive peritonitis was evident in the ip dosed group and histological evaluation of the peritoneal tissue covering abdominal fat confirmed this finding. In the group dosed sc, chronic inflammation was also observed at the injection site, both histologically and by macroscopic evaluation. Conclusion: Ip dosing of D-4F gave rise to chronic peritonitis, which could have caused the reduced food intake and consequently the reduction in blood glucose and HbA1c. This effect was not observed when D-4F was injected sc, despite the local tissue reaction in subcutis. Therefore, we speculate that the antidiabetic effect of D-4F observed after ip administration is an artefact due to abdominal inflammation and reduced food intake. Table 1. Means±SEM § Vehicle ip from a separate study; * p&lt;0.05, **p&lt;0.01, ***p&lt;0.001 (Two way ANOVA).
Isotope-specific detection of low-density materials with laser-based monoenergetic gamma-rays (2010)

What we believe to be the first demonstration of isotope-specific detection of a low-Z and low density object shielded by a high-Z and high-density material using monoenergetic gamma rays is reported. The isotope-specific detection of LiH shielded by Pb and Al is accomplished using the nuclear resonance fluorescence line of L7i at 478 keV. Resonant photons are produced via laser-based Compton scattering. The detection techniques are general, and the confidence level obtained is shown to be superior to that yielded by conventional x-ray and gamma-ray techniques in these situations.
Frustrated Lewis pair catalysts for asymmetric hydrogenation, hydrosilylation and hydroboration reactions (2016)

Asymmetric catalysis using molecular transition metal complexes represents an important synthetic tool in basic research and industrial chemistry. The recent development of frustrated Lewis-pair catalysts (FLP) enabled the possibility to perform these transformations with metal-free systems. This thesis describes the synthesis of novel chiral FLP catalysts and their application in selected asymmetric hydrogenation, hydrosilylation and hydroboration reactions. In the first part of the thesis, the development of new chiral boranes derived from (R)-Camphor is presented, with a detailed focus on the stability and recyclability of the respective FLP catalysts. Based on these catalysts the enantioselective hydrogenation of various imines to the corresponding amines could be achieved with an enantiomeric excess up to 83 % ee. Moreover, the novel FLP structures allowed reusing the catalysts in consecutive reactions at constant enantioselectivity. In the second part of the thesis, metal-free asymmetric hydrosilylation and hydroboration reactions were investigated. In the hydrosilylation of imines an enantiomeric excess up to 88 % ee could be achieved using novel tailored FLP catalysts. The subsequent application of these FLP catalysts in the asymmetric hydroboration was challenging and additional information on the respective reaction mechanisms had to be obtained, to guide the catalytic experiments and the catalyst optimization. Consequently, detailed NMR spectroscopic investigations paved the way towards an efficient catalysts system and up to 80 % ee could be achieved in the hydroboration of selected imines. However, the future applicability of these metal-free catalysts strongly depends on the synthetic accessibility of versatile borane reagents, the important part of the FLP system. Therefore, a novel synthetic pathway to HB(C6F5)2 and HB(p-C6F4H)2 starting from low cost and non-toxic starting materials could be established, avoiding laborious preparation steps and enabling the multigram scale preparation of the respective important boranes.
Radar systems for “Sense and Avoid” on UAV (2009)

Up to now, UAV are widely used, but only in special conditions, both in space and time, which leads to the notion of “segregated airspace”. Sense and Avoid systems must be installed on board the UAV to allow their insertion in the general air traffic. Such systems will include cooperative and non-cooperative sensors for reliability. The radar is likely the most useful non-cooperative sensors because it is an “all-weather” sensor and it provides, by essence, accurate ranging and closing speed. The paper discusses solutions in three radar bands: S, X and Ka bands. For each of them, one or two solutions are presented and the pros and cons are discussed. It will be seen that X band is an interesting solution to be pursued.
The Ubiquitin-Proteasome System Plays an Important Role during Various Stages of the Coronavirus Infection Cycle (2010)

The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is a key player in regulating the intracellular sorting and degradation of proteins. In this study we investigated the role of the UPS in different steps of the coronavirus (CoV) infection cycle. Inhibition of the proteasome by different chemical compounds (i.e., MG132, epoxomicin, and Velcade) appeared to not only impair entry but also RNA synthesis and subsequent protein expression of different CoVs (i.e., mouse hepatitis virus [MHV], feline infectious peritonitis virus, and severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV). MHV assembly and release were, however, not appreciably affected by these compounds. The inhibitory effect on CoV protein expression did not appear to result from a general inhibition of translation due to induction of a cellular stress response by the inhibitors. Stress-induced phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2alpha (eIF2alpha) generally results in impaired initiation of protein synthesis, but the sensitivity of MHV infection to proteasome inhibitors was unchanged in cells lacking a phosphorylatable eIF2alpha. MHV infection was affected not only by inhibition of the proteasome but also by interfering with protein ubiquitination. Viral protein expression was reduced in cells expressing a temperature-sensitive ubiquitin-activating enzyme E1 at the restrictive temperature, as well as in cells in which ubiquitin was depleted by using small interfering RNAs. Under these conditions, the susceptibility of the cells to virus infection was, however, not affected, excluding an important role of ubiquitination in virus entry. Our observations reveal an important role of the UPS in multiple steps of the CoV infection cycle and identify the UPS as a potential drug target to modulate the impact of CoV infection.
Enantio- and meso-DNAs: preparation, characterization, and interaction with complementary nucleic acids (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnantio- and meso-DNAs: preparation, characterization, and interaction with complementary nucleic acidsYuichi Hashimoto, Naoko Iwanami, Shizuyoshi Fujimori, and Koichi ShudoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 22, 9883–9887Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00075a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00075a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views295Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The 5-Year Projection on the Future of Interventional Cardiology (2006)

Interventional cardiology has revolutionized modern cardiovascular care not only with the introduction of new approaches to the treatment of coronary artery disease, but also with the development of new invasive approaches to electrophysiologic procedures and the treatment of noncoronary vascular beds. This revolution continues to gather speed. Creative solutions continue to be proposed, evaluated, and then brought to the patient care arena. Issues remain, but these identify opportunities for continuing improvement.
JUVENILE INTRADURAL CHORDOMA (2008)

By using an endoscopic-assisted procedure, we achieved complete resection of an intradural chordoma offering a potential for surgical cure. Resection is particularly advantageous because it spares the young child the need for radiation treatment. Close follow-up is warranted because we postulate that this tumor exists in a biological continuum between benign notochordal hamartomatous remnants and typical invasive chordomas.
Cross‐sectional mapping of hole concentrations as a function of copper treatment in CdTe photo‐voltaic devices (2014)

Abstract The carrier density and carrier density distribution within CdTe solar cells were studied with scanning capacitance microscopy (SCM). The CdTe solar cells were studied after every process step and as a function of varying copper treatment conditions. It was found that the CdTe film is practically undoped after deposition and after CdCl 2 treatment, while after the copper step the carrier density distribution is non‐uniform with a mixture of p ‐type and intrinsic grains in the CdTe film. These SCM observations were also confirmed with device performance data as well as capacitance–voltage measurements and Van der Pauw Hall measurements. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Identification of a reactive metabolite of the mutagen, 2-amino-3-methylimidazolo(4,5-f)quinoline. (1981)

A reactive major metabolite of the mutagen, 2-amino-3-methylimidazolo [4, 5-f]-quinoline (IQ), by rat liver microsomes was 2-hydroxyamino-3-methylimidazolo [4, 5-f]-quinoline (N-OH-IQ). The synthesis and reaction with DNA of N-OH-IQ were discussed.
Electrically driven hybrid photonic metamaterials for multifunctional control (2017)

The unique light-matter interaction in metamaterials, a type of artificial medium in which the geometrical features of subunits dominate their optical responses, have been utilized to achieve exotic material properties that are rare or nonexistent in natural materials. Furthermore, to extend their behaviors, active materials have been introduced into metamaterial systems to advance tunability, switchability and nonlinearity. Nevertheless, practical examples of versatile photonic metamaterials remain exceedingly rare for two main reasons. On the one hand, in sharp contrast to the broad material options available at lower frequencies, it is less common to find active media in the optical regime that can provide pronounced dielectric property changes under external stimuli, such as electric and magnetic fields. Vanadium dioxide (VO<sub>2</sub>), offering a large refractive index variation over a broad frequency range due to its near room temperature insulator-to-metal transition (IMT), has been favored in recent studies on tunable metamaterials. On the other hand, it turns out that regulating responses of hybrid metamaterials to external forces in an integrated manner is not a straightforward task. Recently, metamaterial-enabled devices (i.e., metadevices) with ‘self-sufficient’ or ‘self-contained’ electrical and optical properties have enabled complex functionalities. Here, we present a design methodology along with the associated experimental validation of a VO<sub>2</sub> thin film integrated optical metamaterial absorber as a hybrid photonic platform for electrically driven multifunctional control, including reflectance switching, a rewritable memory process and manageable localized camouflage. The nanoengineered topologically continuous metal structure simultaneously supports the optical resonance and electrical functionality that actuates the phase transition in VO<sub>2</sub> through the process of Joule heating. This work provides a universal approach to creating self-sufficient and highly-versatile nanophotonic systems.
1H and 13C NMR studies of third‐generation cephalosporin esters sulphoxides and sulphones (1988)

Abstract The 1 H and 13 C NMR signals of 13 third‐generation cephalosporin esters have been assigned, and the effects of the sulphoxide and sulphone groups on the chemical shifts are discussed. Cephalosporin ester sulphoxides and sulphones 13 C NMR 1 H NMR Stereochemistry.
Specific tumor labeling enhanced by polyethylene glycol linkage of near infrared dyes conjugated to a chimeric anti-carcinoembryonic antigen antibody in a nude mouse model of human pancreatic cancer (2014)

Labeling of metastatic tumors can aid in their staging and resection of cancer. Near infrared (NIR) dyes have been used in the clinic for tumor labeling. However, there can be a nonspecific uptake of dye by the liver, lungs, and lymph nodes, which hinders detection of metastasis. In order to overcome these problems, we have used two NIR dyes (DyLight 650 and 750) conjugated to a chimeric anti-carcinoembryonic antigen antibody to evaluate how polyethylene glycol linkage (PEGylation) can improve specific tumor labeling in a nude mouse model of human pancreatic cancer. The conjugated PEGylated and non-PEGylated DyLight 650 and 750 dyes were injected intravenously into non-tumor-bearing nude mice. Serum samples were collected at various time points in order to determine serum concentrations and elimination kinetics. Conjugated PEGylated dyes had significantly higher serum dye concentrations than non-PEGylated dyes (p=0.005 for the 650 dyes and p<0.001 for the 750 dyes). Human pancreatic tumors subcutaneously implanted into nude mice were labeled with antibody-dye conjugates and serially imaged. Labeling with conjugated PEGylated dyes resulted in significantly brighter tumors compared to the non-PEGylated dyes (p<0.001 for the 650 dyes; p=0.01 for 750 dyes). PEGylation of the NIR dyes also decreased their accumulation in lymph nodes, liver, and lung. These results demonstrate enhanced selective tumor labeling by PEGylation of dyes conjugated to a tumor-specific antibody, suggesting their future clinical use in fluorescence-guided surgery.
Observation of the "Dark Exciton" in CdSe Quantum Dots (1995)

We use external magnetic fields to identify the band edge emitting state in CdSe quantum dots. The field dependence of emission decays and LO phonon spectra show the importance of exciton spin dynamics in the recombination mechanism. To interpret our results we calculate the band edge exciton structure, including the effects of the electron-hole exchange interaction and a nonspherical shape. The exchange term, negligible in the bulk, is strongly enhanced by quantum confinement and allows the observation of an optically passive "dark" excitonic state.
Structure and Energetics of Isomers of the Interstellar Molecule C5H (1999)

High-level ab initio methods based on the coupled cluster approximation have been used to study properties of several isomers of the C5H radical, a molecule of significant interest in radioastronomy. The three lowest-lying isomers [the well-known linear form (1) as well as two ring-chain structures, HC2C3 (2) and C2C3H (3)] lie within 30 kcal/mol with isomer 2 approximately 5 kcal/mol higher than the lowest-energy isomer 1. The computed rotational constant for the linear isomer is within 0.7% of the value determined in previous experimental analyses. Transition states formed via simple ring-opening mechanisms for the interconversion of the linear and ring-chain isomers have also been located; these lie ca. 27 and 31 kcal/mol above isomers 2 and 3, respectively, indicating reasonable kinetic stability of these structures to isomerization. The computed rotational constants for these isomers should be useful for laboratory and astronomical observation of these species. In addition, four other minimum-energy structures are found to lie somewhat higher in energy. These isomers involve both three- and four-membered carbon rings, as well as a bent-chain structure.
Dynamic GPGPU Power Management Using Adaptive Model Predictive Control (2017)

Modern processors can greatly increase energy efficiency through techniques such as dynamic voltage and frequency scaling. Traditional predictive schemes are limited in their effectiveness by their inability to plan for the performance and energy characteristics of upcoming phases. To date, there has been little research exploring more proactive techniques that account for expected future behavior when making decisions. This paper proposes using Model Predictive Control (MPC) to attempt to maximize the energy efficiency of GPU kernels without compromising performance. We develop performance and power prediction models for a recent CPU-GPU heterogeneous processor. Our system then dynamically adjusts hardware states based on recent execution history, the pattern of upcoming kernels, and the predicted behavior of those kernels. We also dynamically trade off the performance overhead and the effectiveness of MPC in finding the best configuration by adapting the horizon length at runtime. Our MPC technique limits performance loss by proactively spending energy on the kernel iterations that will gain the most performance from that energy. This energy can then be recovered in future iterations that are less performance sensitive. Our scheme also avoids wasting energy on low-throughput phases when it foresees future high-throughput kernels that could better use that energy. Compared to state-of-the-practice schemes, our approach achieves 24.8% energy savings with a performance loss (including MPC overheads) of 1.8%. Compared to state-of-the-art history-based schemes, our approach achieves 6.6% chip-wide energy savings while simultaneously improving performance by 9.6%.
F/sub 2/ laser-induced visible-and infrared-confining buried waveguides in fused silica (2003)

Buried refractive index changes of 10/sup -4/ to 10/sup -3/ were written in fused silica with F/sub 2/ laser nanosecond-pulse ultraviolet radiation, forming visible- and infrared-confining cylindrical waveguides of 1.6 dB/cm loss and 7/spl times/10/sup -6/ birefringence.
Iustitia: An Information Theoretical Approach to High-speed Flow Nature Identification (2009)

This paper concerns the fundamental problem of identifying the content nature of a flow, namely text, binary, or encrypted, for the first time. We propose Iustitia, a tool for identifying flow nature on the fly. The key observation behind Iustitia is that text flows have the lowest entropy and encrypted flows have the highest entropy, while the entropy of binary flows stands in between. The basic idea of Iustitia is to classify flows using machine learning techniques where a feature is the entropy of every certain number of consecutive bytes. The key features of Iustitia are high speed (10% of average packet inter-arrival time) and high accuracy (86%).
Structure architecture of micro/nanoscale ZIF-L on a 3D printed membrane for a superhydrophobic and underwater superoleophobic surface (2019)

A micro/nanoscale hierarchical ZIF-L layer on a 3D printed membrane for superhydrophobic and underwater superoleophobic surfaces.
Assessment of tissue oxygen saturation during a vascular occlusion test using near-infrared spectroscopy: the role of probe spacing and measurement site studied in healthy volunteers (2009)

NIRS measurements in combination with a VOT are measurement site-dependent and probe-dependent. Whether this dependence is anatomy-, physiology-, or perhaps technology-related remains to be elucidated. Our study also indicated that reactive hyperemia depends on the extent of ischemic insult.