gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Reputation Systems for Document Authenticity (2003)

Few P2P file-sharing networks developed to date have successfully provided mechanisms to ensure the au-thenticity of documents delivered to clients. For ex-ample, when a P2P client receives a hit for “Origin of
Marcadores moleculares en genética y mejora de especies frutales del género prunus (1997)

El desarrollo de marcadores moleculares en frutales, asi como en la mayoria de especies lenosas, empezo aproximadamente una decada mas tarde que en los cultivos herbaceos. Las primeras publicaciones sobre isoenzimas en plantas se produjeron al final de los anos sesenta, mientras que el trabajo pionero en Prunus de Parfitt y colaboradores no se produjo hasta 1985. El primer mapa de RFLPs en plantas fue construido en tomate (Bernatzky y Tanksley, 1986), y el del melocotonero no se publico hasta 1995 por Rajapakse y colaboradores. En el caso de los isoenzimas, este retraso se debe a que no fue posible obtener buenos resultados hasta que se hallaron metodos eficientes para la extraccion de enzimas (Arulsekar y Parfitt, 1986). Para los RFLPs, la complejidad y alto coste de la tecnica determinaron que los recursos necesarios se dedicaran antes a otras especies modelo como algunas solanaceas y cereales. En cambio, los marcadores descubiertos dentro de esta decada, como los RAPDs y AFLPs, se han usado en Prunus (Gregor et al., 1994, Whetten y Dale, 1996) muy poco despues. El reconocimiento generalizado de que los marcadores eran utiles en genetica y mejora, que ha determinado un aumento considerable de la actividad en este area en los ultimos anos, es la causa mas probable de que se haya acelerado su aplicacion en estas especies.
Influence of Compression and Stiffness Apparel on Vertical Jump Performance (2015)

Compression apparel alters both compression of the soft tissues and the hip joint stiffness of athletes. It is not known whether it is the compression elements, the stiffness elements, or some combination that increases performance. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine how systematically increasing upper leg compression and hip joint stiffness independently from one another affects vertical jumping performance. Ten male athletes performed countermovement vertical jumps in 8 concept apparel conditions and 1 control condition (loose fitting shorts). The 8 apparel conditions, 4 that specifically altered the amount of compression exerted on the thigh and 4 that altered the hip joint stiffness by means of elastic thermoplastic polyurethane bands, were tested on 2 separate testing sessions (one testing the compression apparel and the other testing the stiffness apparel). Maximum jump height was measured, while kinematic data of the hip, knee, and ankle joint were recorded with a high-speed camera (480 Hz). Both compression and stiffness apparel can have a positive influence on vertical jumping performance. The increase in jump height for the optimal compression was due to increased hip joint range of motion and a trend of increasing the jump time. Optimal stiffness also increased jump height and had the trend of decreasing the hip joint range of motion and hip joint angular velocity. The exact mechanisms by which apparel interventions alter performance is not clear, but it may be due to alterations to the force-length and force-velocity relationships of muscle.
Two-Dimensional Piecewise Behavioral Model for Highly Nonlinear Dual-Band Transmitters (2017)

This paper presents a two-dimensional (2-D) piecewise model for the dynamic behavioral modeling and digital predistortion of highly nonlinear dual-band radio frequency (RF) power amplifiers (PAs). The model performance was validated in two cases: an envelope-tracking dual-band PA and a current-controlled wide-band PA, using carrier-aggregated long-term evolution signals. The proposed model is partitioned according to different functions of composite multi-input amplitudes rather than the single input amplitude. Measurement and simulation results show that this model is much more flexible in modeling highly nonlinear RF transmitters with inconsistent behavior at different multi-input levels. The experimental results for dual-band cases confirm that the 2-D piecewise model can produce better performance than conventional models that have limited performance in characterization of these hard nonlinearities.
Neural computations by networks of oscillators (2000)

We describe here how a network of oscillators can perform neural computations. In particular, it shown how the connectivity within the network can be created to memorize data in terms of phase relations between synchronized states. The memorized states are extracted through correlation calculations. The influence of noise on the system is discussed.
Geometry optimization of electrically floating PET inserts for improved RF penetration for a 3 T MRI system (2018)

Our study results provide comprehensive guidance on the geometrical design aspects of RF-penetrable PET inserts for efficient RF penetration inside the PET ring. By choosing proper geometric design parameters, we could get the RF field that was similar to the MRI-only case.
European Media Monitor (2016)

The Europe Media Monitor (EMM, see http://emm.newsbrief.eu/overview.html ) family of applications has been analysing up to 220,000 news reports per day since 2004. EMM recognises names mentioned in the news in over twenty languages and decides automatically for each newly found name whether it belongs to a new entity or whether it is a spelling variant of a previously known entity. This resource allows EMM users to display news about people or organisations even if their names are spelt differently or if the news articles are written in different languages and scripts.
Overdiagnosis of multiple sclerosis and magnetic resonance imaging criteria (2005)

Retrospectively, we assessed the specificity of two proposed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) criteria for multiple sclerosis (MS) in patients suspected to have MS but who ultimately receive another diagnosis. Brain MRIs of 28 patients mixed with 28 MRIs of MS patients from the same cohort of 377 consecutively referred patients were scored by a neuroradiologist masked to the final diagnosis. The criteria for dissemination in space incorporated in the McDonald International Panel showed good specificity (89%). However, the more sensitive criteria proposed by a Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology resulted in a lower specificity (29%), indicating an increased risk of a false-positive diagnosis.
IL-1 Family Members in Health and Disease (2019)

Science Foundation Ireland (SFI/18/TIDA/6067); National Children's Research Centre ( NCRC/18/10); Health Research Board (HRB-MRCG-2018-08); IRCLA/2017/295
SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Human Antibodies Protect Against Lower Respiratory Tract Disease in a Hamster Model (2021)

Effective clinical intervention strategies for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are urgently needed. Although several clinical trials have evaluated use of convalescent plasma containing virus-neutralizing antibodies, levels of neutralizing antibodies are usually not assessed and the effectiveness has not been proven. We show that hamsters treated prophylactically with a 1:2560 titer of human convalescent plasma or a 1:5260 titer of monoclonal antibody were protected against weight loss, had a significant reduction of virus replication in the lungs, and showed reduced pneumonia. Interestingly, this protective effect was lost with a titer of 1:320 of convalescent plasma. These data highlight the importance of screening plasma donors for high levels of neutralizing antibodies. Our data show that prophylactic administration of high levels of neutralizing antibody, either monoclonal or from convalescent plasma, prevent severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in a hamster model, and could be used as an alternative or complementary to other antiviral treatments for COVID-19.
Dynamic behavior of the buildup of fixed charge and interface states during hot-carrier injection in encapsulated MOSFET's (1983)

The aging behavior of MOSFET's encapsulated with various types of capping layers was studied. Aging consisted of room-temperature pulsed gate bias operation with a drain-to-source voltage sufficient to cause avalanche multiplication in the channel. It was verified by secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) profiling that plasma silicon nitride capping layers introduce 2-4 times more hydrogen at the Si-gate oxide interface than exists in uncapped devices. Capping materials that serve as hydrogen barriers contribute to device aging by trapping hydrogen that is liberated during hot-carrier emission into the gate oxide. The aging dynamics begin with buildup of negative fixed charge in the gate oxide near the drain, followed by the buildup of positive fixed charge and interface states. The generation of these interface states and the negative fixed charge was found to have a spatial and time dependence. Long anneals at temperatures above 350°C delay the onset of the aging process. A model that accounts for these observations is proposed.
Figure S8 from Computational Staining of Pathology Images to Study the Tumor Microenvironment in Lung Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure S8 Volcano plots of gene set enrichment analysis results correlating mRNA expression level with stroma nuclei density and karyorrhexis density, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;
On-the-fly pipeline parallelism (2013)

Pipeline parallelism organizes a parallel program as a linear sequence of s stages. Each stage processes elements of a data stream, passing each processed data element to the next stage, and then taking on a new element before the subsequent stages have necessarily completed their processing. Pipeline parallelism is used especially in streaming applications that perform video, audio, and digital signal processing. Three out of 13 benchmarks in PARSEC, a popular software benchmark suite designed for shared-memory multiprocessors, can be expressed as pipeline parallelism.
eXtreme Chirped Pulse Amplification using Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers (2006)

Implementing a method called "eXtreme Chirped Pulse Amplification", we demonstrate an all-semiconductor high power mode-locked semiconductor laser system generating ~1.4kW record peak power. © 2006 Optical Society of America.
Abstract A145: SHP2 inhibition restores sensitivity to ALK inhibitors in resistant ALK-rearranged NSCLC (2018)

Abstract Most anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-rearranged non-small cell lung tumors initially respond to small-molecule ALK inhibitors, but drug resistance often develops. After tumors develop resistance to highly potent 2nd-generation ALK inhibitors, approximately half harbor ALK resistance mutations, while the other half have other mechanisms of resistance. The latter often have activation of at least one of several different tyrosine kinases driving resistance. Such tumors are not expected to respond to the 3rd-generation ALK inhibitor, lorlatinib, which is able to overcome all clinically identified ALK resistance mutations, and further therapeutic options are limited. Herein, we deployed an shRNA screen of 1000 genes in multiple ALK inhibitor-resistant patient-derived cells (PDC) to discover sensitizers to ALK inhibition. This approach identified SHP2, a non-receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase, as a common targetable resistance node in multiple PDCs. SHP2 provides a parallel survival input downstream of multiple tyrosine kinases that promote resistance to ALK inhibitors. The recently discovered small-molecule SHP2 inhibitor, SHP099, in combination with the ALK TKI (tyrosine kinase inhibitor), ceritinib, halted the growth of resistant PDCs by preventing compensatory RAS and ERK1/2 reactivation. These findings suggest that combined ALK and SHP2 inhibition may be a promising therapeutic strategy for resistant cancers driven by several different ALK-independent resistance mechanisms. Citation Format: Leila Dardaei, Hui Qin Wang, Manrose Singh, Paul Fordjour, Satoshi Yoda, Grainne Kerr, Jinsheng Liang, Yichen Cao, Yan Chen, Justin Gainor, Luc Friboulet, Ibiayi Dagogo-Jack, David Myers, Emma Labrot, David Ruddy, Melissa Parks, Dana Lee, Richard DiCecca, Susan Moody, Huaixiang Hao, Morvarid Mohseni, Matthew LaMarche, Juliet Williams, Keith Hoffmaster, Giordano Caponigro, Alice Shaw, Aaron Hata, Cyril Benes, Fang Li, Jeffrey Engelman. SHP2 inhibition restores sensitivity to ALK inhibitors in resistant ALK-rearranged NSCLC [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2017 Oct 26-30; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2018;17(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A145.
Effects of Si Substitution on the Ei Reaction of Alkyl Sulfoxides (2003)

A computational study has been carried out on the effects of SiH3 substitution on the Ei reaction of alkyl sulfoxides. SiH3 substitution in the beta-position (relative to the sulfur atom) is found to lower the barrier to elimination about 5 kcal mol(-1), in line with qualitative experimental observations. However, SiH3 substitution at the alpha-position has a similar, if smaller, effect. It is argued that the barrier-lowering in the latter case is mainly correlated with changes in the overall deltaH of the elimination reaction. In contrast, electronic effects in the transition state overcome an unfavorable delta(deltaH) when SiH3 is in the beta-position. On the basis of estimated magnitudes of the various energy changes and the fractional change in bond orders in the transition state, it is argued that both hyperconjugative stabilization and inductive effects of Si substitution contribute. Finally, it is shown that the elimination reaction by SiH3 transfer from Cbeta to O has a surprisingly high enthalpic barrier, given its modest endothermicity, and it is suggested that this is due to a forced unfavorable geometry at the Si center in the transition state.
Material and design engineering of (Al)GaN for high-performance avalanche photodiodes and intersubband applications (2009)

Numerous applications in scientific, medical, and military areas demand robust, compact, sensitive, and fast ultraviolet (UV) detection. Our (Al)GaN photodiodes pose high avalanche gain and single-photon detection efficiency that can measure up to these requirements. Inherit advantage of back-illumination in our devices offers an easier integration and layout packaging via flip-chip hybridization for UV focal plane arrays that may find uses from space applications to hostile-agent detection. Thanks to the recent (Al)GaN material optimization, III-Nitrides, known to have fast carrier dynamics and short relaxation times, are employed in (Al)GaN based superlattices that absorb in near-infrared regime. In this work, we explain the origins of our high performance UV APDs, and employ our (Al)GaN material knowledge for intersubband applications. We also discuss the extension of this material engineering into the far infrared, and even the terahertz (THz) region.
Trustworthy Computing using Untrusted Cloud-Based Quantum Hardware (2023)

Security and reliability are primary concerns in any computing paradigm including quantum computing. Currently users can access quantum computers through a cloud based platform where they can run their programs on a suite of quantum computers. As the quantum computing ecosystem grows in popularity and utility it is reasonable to expect that more companies including untrusted or less trusted or unreliable vendors will begin offering quantum computers as hardware as a service at varied price or performance points. Since computing time on quantum hardware is expensive and the access queue could be long the users will be motivated to use the cheaper and readily available but unreliable or less trusted hardware. The less trusted vendors can tamper with the results providing a suboptimal solution to the user. In this paper we model this adversarial tampering and simulate its impact on a number of pure quantum and hybrid quantum classical workloads. To guarantee trustworthy computing for a mixture of trusted and untrusted hardware we propose distributing the total number of shots equally among the various hardware options. On average we note approx 30X and approx 1.5X improvement across the pure quantum workloads and a maximum improvement of approx 5X for hybrid classical algorithm in the chosen quality metrics. We also propose an intelligent run adaptive split heuristic leveraging temporal variation in hardware quality to users advantage allowing them to identify tampered or untrustworthy hardware at runtime and allocate more number of shots to the reliable hardware which results in a maximum improvement of approx 190X and approx 9X across the pure quantum workloads and an improvement of up to approx 2.5X for hybrid classical algorithm.
Plasma somatotropin and somatomedin C concentrations following GRF or TRH injections in newborn calves (1987)

The availability of synthetic growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF) has ope- ned a new era of investigation of the regulation of GH secretion (Wehrenberg et a/., 1985).Synthetic GRF and thyrotropin-reieasing hormone (TRH) have been used to stimulate GH secretion in somatotrophs of various species both in vitro and in vivo (McGuffey, Thomas and Convey, 1977 ; Schanbacher, 1986).Howe- ver, to our knowledge, nobody has studied the influence of GRF or TRH on both plasma GH and IGF, concentrations, especially during the postnatal period.This was the aim of the present work in newborn calves.Material and methods.Animals and treatments.&horbar; We used twenty-four 3-day old and sixteen 10-day old Holstein x Friesian male calves born spontaneously at term (278-280 days of
Competition between Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus is dependent on intercellular signaling and regulated by the NtrBC two-component system (2022)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus are often comorbid human pathogens, isolated from expectorated sputum of cystic fibrosis patients and chronically infected wounds. Prior studies revealed a competitive advantage of P. aeruginosa over S. aureus in vitro that was slightly muted in vivo. Here, we demonstrated that the two-component regulatory system NtrBC influences the competitive advantage of P. aeruginosa over S. aureus in skin organoid and mouse models of co-infection. Expression of ntrBC was induced during co-culture of the two species and could be recapitulated in monoculture by the addition of the metabolite N-acetylglucosamine that is released from S. aureus following lysis. P. aeruginosa LESB58 WT, but not mutant (ΔntrC and ΔntrBC) strains, induced lysis of S. aureus USA300 LAC during planktonic growth and outcompeted S. aureus USA300 LAC during biofilm formation in vitro. We confirmed these findings in a murine abscess model of high-density infection. Accordingly, the secretory profile of P. aeruginosa LESB58 mutants revealed reduced production of anti-staphylococcal virulence factors including pyoverdine, pyocyanin and elastase. These phenotypes of LESB58 ΔntrBC could be at least partly complemented by overexpression of quorum sensing molecules including homoserine lactones or alkylquinolone signaling molecules. These data implicate the NtrBC two-component system in the complex regulatory cascade triggered by interspecies signaling that gives P. aeruginosa LESB58 a competitive edge over S. aureus USA300 LAC.
Energy Transfer at the Zeolite L Boundaries: Towards Photo‐ and Electroresponsive Materials (2013)

A series of iridium(III) compounds have been used as stopper molecules at the pore openings of zeolite L and act as effective donor units for transferring excitation energy to dye molecules entrapped within the zeolite channels. The synthesis and photophysical characterization of the new iridium(III) complexes are described, along with Förster resonance energy-transfer experiments. Transfer efficiencies for the studied systems are discussed on the basis of the role played by the localization of the donor excited state and the acceptor distribution in the channels. Because iridium(III) complexes can also be electrically excited, the electroluminescent behavior of donor-acceptor zeolite systems can be explored, by embedding them into a polymeric active layer and constructing light-emitting devices (LEDs). Novel hybrid LEDs can be fabricated with emission from the dyes entrapped into the zeolites and sensitized by the electro-responsive iridium(III) complex.
RQ-00201894: A motilin receptor agonist causing long-lasting facilitation of human gastric cholinergically-mediated contractions (2015)

The aim was to characterise RQ-00201894, a novel non-macrolide motilin agonist, using human recombinant receptors and then investigate its ability to facilitate cholinergic activity in human stomach. A reporter gene assay assessed motilin receptor function. Selectivity of action was determined using a panel of different receptors, ion channels, transporters and enzymes. Cholinergically-mediated muscle contractions were evoked by electrical field stimulation (EFS) of human gastric antrum. The results showed that RQ-00201894, motilin and erythromycin acted as full motilin receptor agonists (EC50: 0.20, 0.11, 69 nM, respectively). In this function, RQ-00201894 had >90-fold selectivity of action over its ability to activate the human ghrelin receptor (EC50 19 nM) and greater selectivity over all other receptors/mechanisms tested. In human stomach RQ-00201894 0.1-30 μM concentration-dependently increased EFS-evoked contractions (up to 1209%; pEC50 6.0). At 0.1-10 μM this activity was usually prolonged. At higher concentrations (3-30 μM) RQ-00201894 also caused a short-lasting muscle contraction, temporally disconnected from the increase in EFS-evoked contractions. RQ-00201894 10 μM did not consistently affect submaximal contractions evoked by carbachol. In conclusion, RQ-00201894 potently and selectively activates the motilin receptor and causes long-lasting facilitation of cholinergic activity in human stomach, an activity thought to correlate with an ability to increase gastric emptying.
Advanced digital halftoning algorithms: printer model, color, and compression (2002)

In this thesis, we address three advanced digital halftoning topics: printer model, color, and compression. First we explore the printer model-based approach in order to enhance the quality of the print. While a large literature addresses model-based halftoning for electrophotographic (EP) printers, little work has been done on model-based halftoning for inkjet (IJ) printers, which have their own unique artifacts. Therefore, we develop a stochastic printer model based on the dot statistics of the IJ printer. This printer model is then incorporated into two state-of-the-art halftoning algorithms, direct binary search (DBS) and tone-dependent error diffusion (TDED). Next we propose color design criteria for uniform color textures, and present a new colorant-based color halftoning technique, which meets these criteria. The basic idea behind our color halftoning method is to control the quality of each colorant texture separately along with the total dot distribution. In order to achieve this, we first set the total dot arrangement and then color the dots optimally without altering the total dot arrangement. This corresponds to a constrained optimization problem, and we solve this via the swap-only DBS heuristic. Finally, we present a combined halftoning and compression work, which achieves high quality halftones and compression ratios comparable to JBIG's with much more simpler encoding and decoding schemes. In our approach, the input continuous-tone image is halftoned with constraints in a controlled manner, so that we can decrease the entropy of the halftone while maintaining the level of image quality still very high.