gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
61 Impact of patient selection on performance of an early rule-out pathway for myocardial infarction: from research to the real world (2022)

<h3>Background</h3> Early rule-out pathways for myocardial infarction using high-sensitivity cardiac troponin are widely recommended in the assessment of patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome. Although developed in selected patients participating in research studies, these pathways are applied more widely in clinical practice where the diagnostic performance and effectiveness of these pathways may differ. <h3>Purpose</h3> To evaluate the performance of an early rule-out pathway for myocardial infarction using high-sensitivity cardiac troponin in selected and consecutive unselected patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome. <h3>Methods</h3> Presentation and serial high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I concentrations were measured in two cohorts of patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome presenting to the Emergency Departments across three acute care hospitals in Scotland. In the unselected cohort, electronic health record data were collected on consecutive patients in whom the usual care clinician measured cardiac troponin for suspected acute coronary syndrome. In the selected cohort, patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome were approached between 8am and 8pm by research staff and written informed consent obtained. In both cohorts, the performance of the High-STEACS early rule-out pathway was evaluated for an adjudicated diagnosis of myocardial infarction (type 1, type 4b or type 4c) during the index hospital admission. <h3>Results</h3> The unselected and selected patient cohorts comprised of 1,242 (median age 60 [interquartile range 47–75] years, 46% women) and 1,695 (median age 61 [52–73] years, 40% women) patients respectively. Myocardial infarction was diagnosed in 6% (74/1,242) and 14% (232/1,695) of patients in the unselected and selected patient cohorts respectively. More patients had myocardial infarction ruled-out in the unselected (74%[828/1,112] versus 66% [1,102/1,678]; P&lt;0.001), with similar negative predictive value (99.9% [95% CI 99.7%-100%] versus 99.7% [95% CI 99.4%-99.0%) and sensitivity (99.3% [95% CI 97.4%-100%] versus 98.9% [95% CI 97.6%-99.9%]; Figure). In the selected cohort, more patients had intermediate troponin concentrations requiring serial testing (36% versus 29%) or had myocardial infarction diagnosed (34% versus 26%; P&lt;0.001 for both). In contrast, the positive predictive value for myocardial infarction was lower in unselected patients (26.1% [95% CI 21.2%-31.4%] versus 39.9% [95% CI 35.9%-44.0%]). <h3>Conclusion</h3> The prevalence of myocardial infarction is lower in patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome evaluated in routine practice compared to those selected to participate in a research study. Whilst more patients have myocardial infarction accurately ruled out, the positive-predictive value in those ruled in is lower resulting in more hospital admissions with elevated cardiac troponin due to other conditions. <h3>Conflict of Interest</h3> Nothing to declare
Nanoantenna Structure with Mid-Infrared Plasmonic Niobium-Doped Titanium Oxide (2019)

Among conductive oxide materials, niobium doped titanium dioxide has recently emerged as a stimulating and promising contestant for numerous applications. With carrier concentration tunability, high thermal stability, mechanical and environmental robustness, this is a material-of-choice for infrared plasmonics, which can substitute indium tin oxide (ITO). In this report, to illustrate great advantages of this material, we describe successful fabrication and characterization of niobium doped titanium oxide nanoantenna arrays aiming at surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy. The niobium doped titanium oxide film was deposited with co-sputtering method. Then the nanopatterned arrays were prepared by electron beam lithography combined with plasma etching and oxygen plasma ashing processes. The relative transmittance of the nanostrip and nanodisk antenna arrays was evaluated with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Polarization dependence of surface plasmon resonances on incident light was examined confirming good agreements with calculations. Simulated spectra also present red-shift as length, width or diameter of the nanostructures increase, as predicted by classical antenna theory.
Attenuation correction strategies for multi-energy photon emitters using SPECT (1997)

The aim of this study was to investigate whether the photopeak window projections from different energy photons can be combined into a single window for reconstruction or if it is better to not combine the projections due to differences in the attenuation maps required for each photon energy. The mathematical cardiac torso (MCAT) phantom was modified to simulate the uptake of Ga-67 in the human body. Four spherical hot tumors were placed in locations which challenged attenuation correction. An analytical 3D projector with attenuation and detector response included was used to generate projection sets. Data were reconstructed using filtered backprojection (FBP) reconstruction with Butterworth filtering in conjunction with one iteration of Chang attenuation correction, and with 5 and 10 iterations of ordered-subset maximum-likelihood expectation maximization (ML-OS) reconstruction. To serve as a standard for comparison, the projection sets obtained from the two energies were first reconstructed separately using their own attenuation maps. The emission data obtained from both energies were added and reconstructed using the following attenuation strategies: 1) the 93 keV attenuation map for attenuation correction, 2) the 185 keV attenuation map for attenuation correction, 3) using a weighted mean obtained from combining the 93 keV and 185 keV maps, and 4) an ordered subset approach which combines both energies. The central count ratio (CCR) and total count ratio (TCR) were used to compare the performance of the different strategies. Compared to the standard method, results indicate an over-estimation with strategy 1, an under-estimation with strategy 2 and comparable results with strategies 3 and 4. In all strategies, the CCRs of sphere 4 (in proximity to the liver, spleen and backbone) were under-estimated, although TCRs were comparable to that of the other locations. The weighted mean and ordered subset strategies for attenuation correction were of comparable accuracy to reconstruction of the windows separately. They are recommended for multi-energy photon SPECT imaging quantitation when there is a need to combine the acquisitions of multiple windows.
Dopant Activation and Leakage Current Aspects of SDE/Halo CMOS Junctions Measured with Non-contact Junction Photo-Voltage Methods (2007)

The thin depletion layers and high leakage currents for shallow SDE/halo profiles rule out the continued use of direct contact sheet resistance probes. Non-contact probes based on junction photo-voltage (JPV) measurements provide accurate sheet resistance, Rs, values as well as quantitative evaluation of process-related aspects of junction leakage current. These combined JPV methods are referred to as "RsL" probes.
Calcium-Induced Morphological Transitions in Peptide Amphiphiles Detected by 19F-Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2017)

Misregulation of extracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup> can indicate bone-related pathologies. New, noninvasive tools are required to image Ca<sup>2+</sup> fluxes and fluorine magnetic resonance imaging (<sup>19</sup>F-MRI) is uniquely suited to this challenge. Here, we present three, highly fluorinated peptide amphiphiles that self-assemble into nanoribbons in buffered saline and demonstrate these nanostructures can be programmed to change <sup>19</sup>F-NMR signal intensity as a function of Ca<sup>2+</sup> concentration. We determined these nanostructures show significant reduction in <sup>19</sup>F-NMR signal as nanoribbon width increases in response to Ca<sup>2+</sup>, corresponding to <sup>19</sup>F-MR image intensity reduction. Thus, these peptide amphiphiles can be used to quantitatively image biologically relevant Ca<sup>2+</sup> concentrations.
Body odour of monozygotic human twins: a common pattern of odorant carboxylic acids released by a bacterial aminoacylase from axilla secretions contributing to an inherited body odour type (2008)

It is currently not fully established whether human individuals have a genetically determined, individual-specific body odour. Volatile carboxylic acids are a key class of known human body odorants. They are released from glutamine conjugates secreted in axillary skin by a specific Nalpha-acyl-glutamine-aminoacylase present in skin bacteria. Here, we report a quantitative investigation of these odorant acids in 12 pairs of monozygotic twins. Axilla secretions were sampled twice and treated with the Nalpha-acyl-glutamine-aminoacylase. The released acids were analysed as their methyl esters with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography and time-of-flight mass spectrometry detection. The pattern of the analytes was compared with distance analysis. The distance was lowest between samples of the right and the left axilla taken on the same day from the same individual. It was clearly greater if the same subject was sampled on different days, but this intra-individual distance between samples was only slightly lower than the distance between samples taken from two monozygotic twins. A much greater distance was observed when comparing unrelated individuals. By applying cluster and principal component analyses, a clear clustering of samples taken from one pair of monozygotic twins was also confirmed. In conclusion, the specific pattern of precursors for volatile carboxylic acids is subject to a day-to-day variation, but there is a strong genetic contribution. Therefore, humans have a genetically determined body odour type that is at least partly composed of these odorant acids.
Using Textpresso for Information Retrieval, Fact Extraction (2009)

Abstract Ten years ago WormBase^1^ started as a repository for sequence data for the modelorganism Caenorhabditis elegans and has since striven to include the curation of allgenetic and molecular data published for this nematode. With a publication rate in the C.elegans field of approximately 800 papers per year, WormBase (WB) has the opportunity to include information from every paper published. Currently there are ~11,000 full text research papers (mid-1970's to the present) downloaded into the WB curation database, from which over 27 data types (i.e. genetic interactions, transgene objects, gene expression patterns, mutant phenotypes etc.) are extracted by curators. Textpresso^2^ is an open source text-mining tool capable of rapid searches for keywords, as well as concepts, from the full text of research papers. Curators at WB use Textpresso on a daily basis for many aspects of literature curation, from simple keyword searches to semi- or fully automated entity and fact extraction, which feed into curation pipelines or directly into the curation database itself. In addition, Textpresso greatly aids prioritization of literature curation by retrieving papers based on their full contents rather than solely on their abstracts. Such retrievable contents can range from the very particular (such as a gene simply being mentioned in the Materials and Methods section of a paper) to the complex (such as molecular functions that involve cellular components). As WB expands to incorporate the genomes of other nematodes, we will be working with Textpresso developers to set up a library of literature for related nematodes. We expect Textpresso to be crucial for most efficiently directing our efforts in literature curation, and for most quickly providing data to users searching the literature. In this workshop we will show how we use Textpresso in our curation pipeline to help with literature queries, to prioritize our workflow, and to automate data and fact extraction.1 "WormBase":http://www.wormbase.org2 "Textpresso":http://www.textpresso.org
CO{sub 2} laser tailored blanks welding process monitoring (1996)

Tailored blank welding has been a rapidly growing segment of the automotive industry over the last five years. It allows to choose the optimal thickness of the sheets for different zones taking into account different mechanical stresses, vehicle safety reinforcement. Through the elimination of extra reinforcement parts, the use of tailored blanks allows to produce lighter car bodies and to simplify the production cycle. As more laser welding systems are being installed in industry, in order to increase the productivity and maintain constant quality of the products, the demand for the development of process monitoring systems, increases. In this paper a monitoring system, based on the measurement of the radiation from the plasma plume during the CO{sub 2} tailored blanks laser welding, is presented. Using an appropriate combination of optical components, detectors and a special software, a complete apparatus has been developed. The signals were found to be correlated to weld quality parameters including the defects such as holes, overlapping and open butts.
Interpolation of Head Related Transfer Functions Considering Acoustics (2005)

This convention paper has been reproduced from the author’s advance manuscript, without editing, corrections, or consideration by the Review Board. The AES takes no responsibility for the contents. Additional papers may be obtained by sending request and
Electrochemistry of quadruply bonded molybdenum dimers. Evidence for metal-to-halide back-bonding (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrochemistry of quadruply bonded molybdenum dimers. Evidence for metal-to-halide back-bondingThomas C. Zietlow, Michael D. Hopkins, and Harry B. GrayCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 26, 8266–8267Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00286a028https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00286a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views151Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Adaptation of manga face representation for accurate clustering (2018)

Manga character drawing styles differ greatly among artists. To accurately cluster faces within an individual manga, we propose a method to adapt manga face representations to an individual manga. We use deep features trained for generic manga face recognition, and adapt them by deep metric learning (DML) for the target manga volume. DML uses pseudo positive and negative pairs defined by considering page and frame information. We performed experiments using a dataset comprising 104 manga volumes and found that our feature adaptation significantly improved the accuracy of manga face clustering.
Transfer Learning by Asymmetric Image Weighting for Segmentation across\n Scanners (2017)

Supervised learning has been very successful for automatic segmentation of\nimages from a single scanner. However, several papers report deteriorated\nperformances when using classifiers trained on images from one scanner to\nsegment images from other scanners. We propose a transfer learning classifier\nthat adapts to differences between training and test images. This method uses a\nweighted ensemble of classifiers trained on individual images. The weight of\neach classifier is determined by the similarity between its training image and\nthe test image.\n We examine three unsupervised similarity measures, which can be used in\nscenarios where no labeled data from a newly introduced scanner or scanning\nprotocol is available. The measures are based on a divergence, a bag distance,\nand on estimating the labels with a clustering procedure. These measures are\nasymmetric. We study whether the asymmetry can improve classification. Out of\nthe three similarity measures, the bag similarity measure is the most robust\nacross different studies and achieves excellent results on four brain tissue\nsegmentation datasets and three white matter lesion segmentation datasets,\nacquired at different centers and with different scanners and scanning\nprotocols. We show that the asymmetry can indeed be informative, and that\ncomputing the similarity from the test image to the training images is more\nappropriate than the opposite direction.\n
Automated analysis of high‐content microscopy data with deep learning (2017)

Existing computational pipelines for quantitative analysis of high-content microscopy data rely on traditional machine learning approaches that fail to accurately classify more than a single dataset without substantial tuning and training, requiring extensive analysis. Here, we demonstrate that the application of deep learning to biological image data can overcome the pitfalls associated with conventional machine learning classifiers. Using a deep convolutional neural network (DeepLoc) to analyze yeast cell images, we show improved performance over traditional approaches in the automated classification of protein subcellular localization. We also demonstrate the ability of DeepLoc to classify highly divergent image sets, including images of pheromone-arrested cells with abnormal cellular morphology, as well as images generated in different genetic backgrounds and in different laboratories. We offer an open-source implementation that enables updating DeepLoc on new microscopy datasets. This study highlights deep learning as an important tool for the expedited analysis of high-content microscopy data.
Single-Dose Pharmacokinetics of Different Oral Sodium Nitrite Formulations in Diabetes Patients (2012)

Oral sodium nitrite administration is well tolerated in diabetes patients.
Supramolecular Polymers (2010)

In the past few decades, supramolecular polymers have emerged as novel materials with a wide variety of different functions. In this essay we reflect on the history of supramolecular polymers, their function in various applications and the challenges to be met in the near future.
Growth chambers on the International Space Station for large plants (2016)

The International Space Station (ISS) now has platforms for conducting research on horticultural plant species under LED lighting, and those capabilities continue to expand. The 'Veggie' vegetable production system was deployed to the ISS as an applied research platform for food production in space. Veggie is capable of growing a wide array of horticultural crops. It was designed for low power usage, low launch mass and stowage volume, and minimal crew time requirements. The Veggie flight hardware consists of a light cap containing red (630 nm), blue, (455 nm) and green (530 nm) LEDs. Interfacing with the light cap is an extendable bellows/baseplate for enclosing the plant canopy. A second large plant growth chamber, the Advanced Plant Habitat (APH), is will fly to the ISS in 2017. APH will be a fully controllable environment for high-quality plant physiological research. APH will control light (quality, level, and timing), temperature, CO 2 , relative humidity, and irrigation, while scrubbing any cabin or plant-derived ethylene and other volatile organic compounds. Additional capabilities include sensing of leaf temperature and root zone moisture, root zone temperature, and oxygen concentration. The light cap will have red (630 nm), blue (450 nm), green (525 nm), far red (730 nm) and broad spectrum white LEDs (4100K). There will be several internal cameras (visible and IR) to monitor and record plant growth and operations. Veggie and APH are available for research proposals.
Thermal Characteristics of Li[sub x]Mn[sub 2]O[sub 4] Spinel (2001)

The heat generation characteristics of spinel as a positive electrode material were measured in situ during cycling of cell, using an isothermal microcalorimeter in combination with a battery tester. The total heat generation rate is dependent on the concentration of lithium in By separating irreversible heat from the total heat rate, using dc interruption technique, the concentration dependence is shown to be mainly due to the reversible heat of the cell, which shows a cooling-heating-cooling-heating cycle, during charge/discharge. This thermal characteristic may be explained from the phase diagram of in agreement with recent reports on the phase-change behavior. The dependence of the thermal characteristics on the current level is weak at a low C rate, but increases steeply from C/3 to 1C rate. Although voltage profiles of charge and discharge showed similar behavior, the range of discontinuity (between 4.1 and 4.0 V) is not identical for charge and discharge. While the voltage profile is affected by irreversibility (charge vs. discharge), the thermal profile is barely affected by it. © 2001 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
A Rationally Designed Genotoxin that Selectively Destroys Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer Cells (2002)

We describe a novel strategy to increase the selective toxicity of genotoxic compounds. The strategy involves the synthesis of bifunctional molecules capable of forming DNA adducts that have high affinity for specific proteins in target cells. It is proposed that the association of such proteins with damaged sites in DNA can compromise protein function and/or DNA repair resulting in increased toxicity. We describe the synthesis of a bifunctional compound consisting of an aniline mustard linked to the 7alpha position of estradiol. This novel compound can form covalent DNA adducts that have high affinity for the estrogen receptor. Breast cancer cells that express high levels of the estrogen receptor showed increased sensitivity to the cytotoxic effects of the new compound.
Strategy for Increasing Drug Solubility and Efficacy through Covalent Attachment to Polyvalent DNA-Nanoparticle Conjugates* (2020)

An approach has been developed for increasing Paclitaxel solubility and effectiveness by covalent attachment to gold nanoparticles via DNA linkers. The resulting conjugates are highly soluble in aqueous buffer, exhibiting greater than a 50-fold increase in solubility over the unconjugated drug. DNA linkers are labeled with a fluorophore, which affords a convenient means of visualizing resultant conjugates within cells. One emerging and important class of nanomaterials, polyvalent DNA-functionalized gold nanoparticles, has been studied and utilized extensively in the fields of biodiagnostics, gene regulation, and nanomedicine. Covalently attaching hydrophobic Paclitaxel onto gold nanoparticles via a DNA spacer resulted in significantly enhanced hydrophilicity and stability as compared to free Paclitaxel alone. Attachment to DNA-nanoparticle conjugates may become a general strategy for solubilizing and enhancing a wide variety of therapeutic agents in aqueous media. Covalently attaching hydrophobic Paclitaxel onto gold nanoparticles via a DNA spacer resulted in significantly enhanced hydrophilicity and stability as compared to free Paclitaxel alone.