gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Role of Titania Surface Coating by Atomic Layer Deposition in Improving Osteogenic Differentiation and Hard Tissue Formation of Dental Pulp Stem Cells (2021)

Recent studies have focused on modifying implant surface properties to improve bone regeneration and osseointegration. Herein, the role of titania surface coating in enabling dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) differentiation and hard tissue formation is studied. Atomic layer deposition is applied at lower temperature to coat a nanolayer of titania onto hard and soft polybutadiene substrates without altering their moduli, to probe the effects of surface chemistry and substrate modulus. In the absence of titania, DPSCs prefer to attach and proliferate on the hard substrate, where particle‐like biomineralization is present after 28 days in culture, whereas no biomineralization is observed on the soft substrate. Applying titania surface coating results in the improvement of adhesion and proliferation, regardless of substrate modulus, whereas cell and substrate moduli remain the same as control without titania coating. Furthermore, templated biomineralization is observed given the bone‐like tissue composition by Raman analysis, in consistent with real time‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) results showing upregulation of osteopontin (OPN) and bone sialoprotein (BSP), representing osteogenic differentiation. The results indicate that titania surface coating improved the ability to nucleate banded collagen fibers which in turn templated mineral deposits, and further induced the osteogenesis of DPSCs, regardless of its substrate modulus.
Impaired Basal Glucose Effectiveness in NIDDM: Contribution of Defects in Glucose Disappearance and Production, Measured Using an Optimized Minimal Model Independent Protocol (1997)

People with NIDDM are resistant to insulin. The present studies sought to determine whether the ability of glucose to regulate its own metabolism in the presence of basal insulin concentrations is impaired. To address this question, basal insulin concentrations were maintained constant with an exogenous insulin infusion, while endogenous hormone secretion was inhibited by somatostatin. The integrated glycemic response above baseline during identical prandial glucose infusions was greater (1,411 +/- 94 vs. 938 +/- 45 mmol/l per 5 h; P < 0.01) in the diabetic subjects than in the nondiabetic subjects, indicating a decrease in net glucose effectiveness. [6-3H]glucose also was infused to determine whether the decrease in net glucose effectiveness was due to a decrease in the ability of glucose to stimulate its own uptake and/or to suppress its own production. Despite identical rates of tracer infusion, the increment in plasma concentration of [6-3H]glucose was higher (4.50 +/- 0.29 vs. 3.16 +/- 0.21 x 10(5) dpm/ml per 5 h; P < 0.05) in the diabetic subjects than in the nondiabetic subjects. This was due to both a decrease (P < 0.05) in the ability of glucose to stimulate its own disappearance via mass action and to a greater (P < 0.01) inhibitory effect of glucose on its own clearance. The increase in glucose concentration resulted in prompt and comparable suppression of endogenous glucose production in both groups. Under these optimized conditions, indexes of glucose effectiveness calculated with both the "cold" and "hot" minimal models also were lower (P < 0.05) in the diabetic subjects than in the nondiabetic subjects and were highly correlated (r = 0.94-0.99; P < 0.001) with the indexes of glucose effectiveness calculated from the increments above baseline of glucose and [6-3H]glucose concentration. We conclude that the ability of glucose to regulate its own metabolism in the presence of basal insulin concentrations is abnormal in people with NIDDM.
Spatial alignment across gaps: contributions of orientation and spatial scale (1995)

To assess the contributions of orientation and spatial scale to the processing of relative-position information for broadband spatial targets, we measure misalignment thresholds for dots separated by as much as 6 deg, in the presence of one-dimensional spatial noise. For all the dot separations, thresholds for misalignment are raised most when the mask is oriented at approximately 20 deg to either side of true alignment. This bimodal orientation tuning function appears to be fundamental to the alignment judgment, including abutting vernier acuity for equally visible lines [Vision Res. 33, 1619 (1993)]. With increasing dot separation the spatial frequency at which peak masking occurs becomes progressively lower, a finding that suggests that the spatial mechanisms important for processing this information become larger. However, the rate of increase in size of these putative mechanisms is insufficient to account for the increase in relative-position thresholds for increasingly separated stimuli (i.e., Weber's law for alignment). In addition, oriented masks placed between two target lines lead to threshold elevation, revealing that the collection of positional information between target features may be important for optimal processing of misalignment thresholds. The findings of this study suggest that, although shifts in spatial scale of the underlying low-level oriented mechanisms may contribute to increased misalignment thresholds with increasing separation, additional factors, such as positional uncertainty associated with eccentricity per se, are limiting.
Standardized microbial fuel cell anodes of silica-immobilized Shewanella oneidensis (2010)

Populations of metabolically active bacteria were associated at an electrode surface via vapor-deposition of silica to facilitate in situ characterization of bacterial physiology and bio-electrocatalytic activity in microbial fuel cells.
Cytotoxic Effects of Gold Nanoparticles: A Multiparametric Study (2012)

The in vitro labeling of therapeutic cells with nanoparticles (NPs) is becoming more and more common, but concerns about the possible effects of the NPs on the cultured cells are also increasing. In the present work, we evaluate the effects of poly(methacrylic acid)-coated 4 nm diameter Au NPs on a variety of sensitive and therapeutically interesting cell types (C17.2 neural progenitor cells, human umbilical vein endothelial cells, and PC12 rat pheochromocytoma cells) using a multiparametric approach. Using various NP concentrations and incubation times, we performed a stepwise analysis of the NP effects on cell viability, reactive oxygen species, cell morphology, cytoskeleton architecture, and cell functionality. The data show that higher NP concentrations (200 nM) reduce cell viability mostly through induction of reactive oxygen species, which was significantly induced at concentrations of 50 nM Au NPs or higher. At these concentrations, both actin and tubulin cytoskeleton were deformed and resulted in reduced cell proliferation and cellular differentiation. In terms of cell functionality, the NPs significantly impeded neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells up to 20 nM concentrations. At 10 nM, no significant effects on any cellular parameter could be observed. These data highlight the importance of using multiple assays to cover the broad spectrum of cell-NP interactions and to determine safe NP concentrations and put forward the described protocol as a possible template for future cell-NP interaction studies under comparable and standardized conditions.
Discovery of N-(5-Fluoropyridin-2-yl)-6-methyl-4-(pyrimidin-5-yloxy)picolinamide (VU0424238): A Novel Negative Allosteric Modulator of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Subtype 5 Selected for Clinical Evaluation (2017)

Preclinical evidence in support of the potential utility of mGlu<sub>5</sub> NAMs for the treatment of a variety of psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders is extensive, and multiple such molecules have entered clinical trials. Despite some promising results from clinical studies, no small molecule mGlu<sub>5</sub> NAM has yet to reach market. Here we present the discovery and evaluation of N-(5-fluoropyridin-2-yl)-6-methyl-4-(pyrimidin-5-yloxy)picolinamide (27, VU0424238), a compound selected for clinical evaluation. Compound 27 is more than 900-fold selective for mGlu<sub>5</sub> versus the other mGlu receptors, and binding studies established a K<sub>i</sub> value of 4.4 nM at a known allosteric binding site. Compound 27 had a clearance of 19.3 and 15.5 mL/min/kg in rats and cynomolgus monkeys, respectively. Imaging studies using a known mGlu<sub>5</sub> PET ligand demonstrated 50% receptor occupancy at an oral dose of 0.8 mg/kg in rats and an intravenous dose of 0.06 mg/kg in baboons.
Calreticulin expression in the clonal plasma cells of patients with systemic light-chain (AL-) amyloidosis is associated with response to high-dose melphalan (2007)

In high doses with stem-cell transplantation, melphalan is an effective but toxic therapy for patients with systemic light-chain (AL-) amyloidosis, a protein deposition and monoclonal plasma cell disease. Melphalan can eliminate the indolent clonal plasma cells that cause the disease, an achievement called a complete response. Such a response is usually associated with extended survival, while no response (a less than 50% reduction) is not. Gene-expression studies and a stringently supervised analysis identified calreticulin as having significantly higher expression in the pretreatment plasma cells of patients with systemic AL-amyloidosis who then had a complete response to high-dose melphalan. Calreticulin is a pleiotropic calcium-binding protein found in the endoplasmic reticulum and the nucleus whose overexpression is associated with increased sensitivity to apoptotic stimuli. Real-time PCR and immunohistochemical staining also showed that expression of calreticulin was higher in the plasma cells of those with a complete response. Furthermore, wild-type murine embryonic fibroblasts were significantly more sensitive to melphalan than calreticulin knock-out murine embryonic fibroblasts. These data have important implications for understanding the activity of melphalan in plasma-cell diseases and support further investigation of calreticulin and its modulation in patients with systemic AL-amyloidosis receiving high-dose melphalan.
A Web-Based Game For Collecting Music Metadata. (2007)

[TODO] Add abstract here.
Toxin Inactivation in Toxin/Antitoxin Systems (2019)

Toxin/antitoxin (TA) systems are used primarily to inhibit phage, reduce metabolic activity during stress, and maintain genetic elements. Given the extreme toxicity of some of the toxins of these TA systems, we were curious how the cell silences toxins, if the antitoxin is inactivated or when toxins are obtained without antitoxins via horizontal gene transfer. Here we find that the RalR (type I), MqsR (type II), GhoT (type V), and Hha (type VII) toxins are inactivated primarily by a mutation that inactivates the toxin promoter or via the chromosomal mutations iraM and mhpR.
(2R,3R)-2,3-Bis(diphenylphosphino)butane (2001)

[74839-84-2] C28H28P2 (MW 426.48) (2S,3S) [64896-28-2] (ligand for asymmetric hydrogenation of alkenes2 and β-keto esters;3 allylic alkylation;4 hydroarylation5) Alternate Name: (R,R)-CHIRAPHOS. Physical Data: mp 107–109 °C; [α]20D +195° (c = 1.5, CHCl3). Form Supplied in: white solid; widely available. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: is indefinitely stable in air in the solid state. Solutions of CHIRAPHOS are readily oxidized to the phosphine oxide and should be handled under N2 or Ar.2
Operation of a Split-Capacitor Push-Pull Parallel Resonant Converter in Buck Mode (2007)

This paper describes a technique for operating split- capacitor push-pull resonant converters (SCPPRC) in buck mode with zero voltage switching (ZVS). The technique, which also allows for both normal (conventional) and boost modes, operates the converter at a variable switching frequency to provide a lower and variable output voltage than that would result in the conventional normal mode. In the buck mode, the variable switching frequency is essentially lower than the damped resonant frequency for any given load, and is generated by modulating a variable phase-shift into the damped resonant frequency. A model and theoretical analysis are presented to show the difficulty in obtaining a closed form analytical solution for the performance in the buck mode. Measured performance of a prototype 150 W converter is compared with simulated results to show the validity of the proposed concept.
Multiphoton optical rotary dispersion (1987)

An experimental setup for the measurements of multiphoton optical rotary dispersion is described. It is demonstrated that the effect is measurable and amenable to experimental observation. The experiments were carried out on 10% aqueous solutions of (+)−, (−)−, and racemic camphorsulfonic acid.
Convenient and efficient synthesis of a lanthanide3+‐coordinated, diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid labeled biopolymer as an assay for the cholecystokinin B receptor (2007)

To develop an assay for the cholecystokinin B receptor with an Eu(3+)-labeled cholecystokinin peptide via a diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid chelating linker, a commercial dianhydride diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid precursor was directly attached to the N-terminus of cholecystokinin peptides by a solid-phase synthesis method with a satisfactory yield and purity after reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography separation. Lanthanide was then coordinated to the peptide via a diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid bifunctional agent. This method is a useful approach to the large-scale synthesis of lanthanide(3+)-coordinated, diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid labeled biopolymers. This research provides not only a simple and convenient method for the preparation of lanthanide-based peptide ligand libraries but also possible lanthanide-based high-throughput screening of peptide receptors with a timeresolved fluorescence assay system. Five biopolymers were synthesized and characterized with high-resolution electrospray ionization in this study.
Compensating I–Q Imperfections in Hybrid RF/Digital Predistortion With an Adapted Lookup Table Implemented in an FPGA (2010)

The performance of hybrid RF/digital predistortion (RF-DPD) is limited, due to in-phase (I) and quadrature-phase (Q) imperfection in its key component, the RF vector multiplier, and the associated circuitry. These imperfections cause errors, in terms of implemented gain and phase of the predistortion function. This brief presents the methodology of implementing hybrid RF-DPD with a lookup table (LUT) adapted to compensate for hardware related I-Q imperfections of the RF vector multiplier within the digital signal processing domain. This modified LUT will accurately compensate for I-Q imperfection, without needing a precise tuning of the control voltages at the pins of the RF vector multiplier. This brief also presents the test setup for characterizing the RF-DPD system to obtain the I-Q imperfections within it and utilizes this information to modify the LUT to compensate for these imperfections. To verify the capability of the modified LUT in compensating for the I-Q imperfections, an experimental validation is carried out by linearizing a class-AB base station power amplifier using the hybrid RF-DPD system developed with an Altera Stratix field-programmable gate array (FPGA) evaluation board. In addition to the 12-dB adjacent-channel leakage ratio obtained using static RF-DPD, an improvement of 2.5 dB is achieved using the proposed I-Q compensation technique.
Geoscience Laser Altimetry System (GLAS) On-Orbit Flight Report on the Propylene Loop Heat Pipes (LHPs) (2003)

The Geoscience Laser Altimetry System (GLAS) instrument which is the sole instrument on ICESat was launched on January 12, 2003. GLAS utilizes two actively controlled propylene Loop Heat Pipes (LHPs) as the core of its thermal system. The LHPs started quickly when the Dale Ohm starter heaters were powered and have as designed. The low control heater power and on-orbit tight temperature control appear independent of gravity effects when comparing ground testing to flight data. The use of coupling blocks was also unique to these LHPs. Their application reduced control heater power by reducing the subcooling from the radiator. The effectiveness in reducing subcooling of the coupler blocks decreased during flight from ground testing, but internal thermal isolation in the compensation chamber between the subcooled returning liquid increased in flight resulting in no net increase in control heater power versus ground measurements. Overall the application of LHPs in the thermal system for GLAS met instrument requirements and provided flexibility for the overall system as last minute requirements became known.
Reflections on Routes to Enantioselective Solid Catalysts (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Disentangled Sticky Hierarchical Dirichlet Process Hidden Markov Model (2020)

The Hierarchical Dirichlet Process Hidden Markov Model (HDP-HMM) has been used widely as a natural Bayesian nonparametric extension of the classical Hidden Markov Model for learning from sequential and time-series data. A sticky extension of the HDP-HMM has been proposed to strengthen the self-persistence probability in the HDP-HMM. However, the sticky HDP-HMM entangles the strength of the self-persistence prior and transition prior together, limiting its expressiveness. Here, we propose a more general model: the disentangled sticky HDP-HMM (DS-HDP-HMM). We develop novel Gibbs sampling algorithms for efficient inference in this model. We show that the disentangled sticky HDP-HMM outperforms the sticky HDP-HMM and HDP-HMM on both synthetic and real data, and apply the new approach to analyze neural data and segment behavioral video data.
Identification of a gene from Xp21 with similarity to the tctex-1 gene of the murine t complex (1994)

Long range physical mapping within the p21 region of the X chromosome identified a CpG rich island approximately 180 kb centromeric to the chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) locus. The segments adjacent to the CpG island hybridized to discrete bands in DNAs of several species and when used to screen retinal cDNA libraries led to the identification of cDNAs that detected a mRNA of 2.1 kb in many tissues. Molecular characterization of corresponding genomic clones of this novel human gene confirmed the origin of the cDNA clones and indicated a genomic structure with five exons spanning a total of 9 kb. The complete cDNA sequence revealed that this gene contained a putative open reading frame of 116 amino acids with a 3' untranslated region of 1.74 kb. The amino acid sequence shows a high degree of similarity to the predicted product of the tctex-1 gene of the mouse t complex. As linkage studies and patients with deletions have implicated the Xp21 region as containing the retinitis pigmentosa defect (RP3), the gene was assessed as a candidate disease gene in RP3 families. A single base pair polymorphism was identified within the coding region but no disease associated changes were found by single strand conformational polymorphism and sequencing analysis of amplified exons of 20 RP patients. Analysis of a dinucleotide repeat polymorphism within this gene in families affected with RP3 suggested refinement of the RP3 region.
Differential CD4+ and CD8+ T cell recognition of mycobacteria antigens in pediatric versus adult TB (2022)

Abstract T cells from young children may be limited in capacity to mount pro-inflammatory responses to intracellular pathogens, thus contributing to vulnerability to TB disease. We compared CD4+ and CD8+ T cell cytokine production in response to mycobacterial antigens and mitogen SEB, between Ugandan children &amp;lt;5 yr (PedTB) and adults (ATB) with culture-confirmed pulmonary TB. HIV-uninfected children (n=12) and adults (n=41) had blood drawn for PBMC isolation prior to TB treatment. CD4+ and CD8+ T cell production of IFNγ, IL2, and TNFα in response to ESAT6/CFP10 (EC), ESXJ, PE12/13, PE3, PPE15, and PPE51 peptide pools, and SEB, were assessed by intracellular flow cytometry. Proportions and frequencies of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells producing cytokines were compared using Fisher’s Exact and Kruskal-Wallis tests, respectively, with adjusted p-values &amp;lt;0.05 significant. PedTB and ATB had equivalent CD4+ and CD8+ T cell production of IFNγ, IL2, and TNFα, including polyfunctional responses, to EC. T cell cytokine responses to ESXJ and PPE51 were equivalent; significant differences were noted in CD4+ T cell responses to PE3 and PPE15, and CD8+ T cell responses to PE12/13. Frequencies of CD4+ T cells producing IFNγ or IL2 in response to SEB were lower (p&amp;lt;0.0001) in PedTB versus ATB. Young children with PedTB exhibited adult-like capacity to generate Th-1 cytokines in response to EC, ESXJ, and PPE 51. Pediatric responses to PE3, PPE15, and PE12/13 were impaired, suggesting that the breath of antigen recognition differs between infants and adults with TB. Differential T cell recognition of mycobacterial antigens between adults and children should be considered in development of novel T cell based diagnostics and vaccines targeting pediatric TB. Supporting from grants by NIH: AI157807; HHSN272200900053C
Pyrrolobenzodiazepines as Sequence Selective DNA Binding Agents (2012)

Drugs that bind to DNA may occur on the major groove face, minor groove face or a combination. The grooves are excellent sites for sequence specific recognition since there are www.intechopen.
Actiwe surge control using driwe torque: dynamic control laws (2006)

In this paper we derive new control laws for a compression system using only drive torque as control variable. First we present, with a minor modification, a recently published stabilizing static control law. Then this control law is extended with a passive part which can be static or dynamic, a robust part using nonlinear damping and an adaptive part. The control laws are module based in the sense that any combination of the control parts can be used in combination with the stabilizing part
Signal Processing with Fractals: A Wavelet Based Approach (1999)

First Page
Opioid Self-administration in the Nerve-injured Rat (2007)

Opioid self-administration is significantly altered by nerve injury, with rate of drug intake being correlated with reversal of allodynia. Intrathecal clonidine, but not adenosine, produces opioid-sparing effects in self-administering rats. The neurobiologic mechanisms that regulate opioid consumption in rats therefore seem to be altered after nerve injury.
Hybrid of P3HT and ZnO@GO nanostructured particles for increased NO2 sensing response (2017)

Bridging poly(3-hexylthiohene) between particles of zinc oxide–graphene oxide displays unusual electronic sensitivity to NO<sub>2</sub> vapor for environmental sensing.
Inflammatory Cytokines Induce Sustained CTLA-4 Cell Surface Expression on Human MAIT Cells (2020)

Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells acquire effector function in response to proinflammatory signals, which synergize with TCR-mediated signals. We asked if cell-intrinsic regulatory mechanisms exist to curtail MAIT cell effector function akin to the activation-induced expression of inhibitory receptors by conventional T cells. We examined human MAIT cells from blood and oral mucosal tissues by RNA sequencing and found differential expression of immunoregulatory genes, including CTLA-4, by MAIT cells isolated from tissue. Using an ex vivo experimental setup, we demonstrate that inflammatory cytokines were sufficient to induce CTLA-4 expression on the MAIT cell surface in the absence of TCR signals. Even brief exposure to the cytokines IL-12, IL-15, and IL-18 was sufficient for sustained CTLA-4 expression by MAIT cells. These data suggest that control of CTLA-4 expression is fundamentally different between MAIT cells and conventional T cells. We propose that this mechanism serves to limit MAIT cell-mediated tissue damage.
Supplementary Table 1-3 from Functional Precision Medicine Identifies Novel Druggable Targets and Therapeutic Options in Head and Neck Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table 1, 2, 3&lt;/p&gt;