gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Integrated Rock and Fluid Workflow to Optimize Geomodeling and History Matching (2021)

Abstract Optimized geomodeling and history matching of production data is presented by utilizing an integrated rock and fluid workflow. Facies identification is performed by use of image logs and other geological information. In addition, image logs are used to help define structural geodynamic processes that occurred in the reservoir. Methods of reservoir fluid geodynamics are used to assess the extent of fluid compositional equilibrium, especially the asphaltenes, and thereby the extent of connectivity in these facies. Geochemical determinations are shown to be consistent with measurements of compositional thermodynamic equilibrium. The ability to develop the geo-scenario of the reservoir, the coherent evolution of rock and contained fluids in the reservoir over geologic time, improves the robustness of the geomodel. In particular, the sequence of oil charge, compositional equilibrium, fault block throw, and primary biogenic gas charge are established in this middle Pliocene reservoir with implications for production, field extension,and local basin exploration. History matching of production data prove the accuracy of the geomodel; nevertheless, refinements to the geomodel and improved history matching were obtained by expanded deterministic property estimation from wireline log and other data. Theearly connection of fluid data, both thermodynamic and geochemical, with relevant facies andtheir properties determination enables a more facile method to incorporate this data into the geomodel. Logging data from future wells in the field can be imported into the geomodel allowingdeterministic optimization of this model long after production has commenced. While each reservoir is unique with its own idiosyncrasies, the workflow presented here is generally applicable to all reservoirs and always improves reservoir understanding.
Preliminary data on the use of apheresis in inflammatory bowel disease (2005)

In patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), centrifugation has been attempted to remove leukocyte components from whole blood; however, the use of selective filters has proved to result in more active modification of cellular immunity in that 4 times as many white blood cells are removed, which may result in a greater therapeutic effect. Selective apheresis for treatment of IBD, in particular ulcerative colitis (UC), has been used in Japan and some European countries for several years; pilot studies with Adacolumn, a selective therapeutic granulocyte/monocyte apheresis device, in patients with IBD have recently been completed in the United States with favorable results. Unlike conventional pharmacological treatments, selective apheresis may be associated with a relatively low rate of adverse events. Multiple studies have suggested that selective apheresis may be of benefit as a steroid-sparing treatment. In an unblinded randomized trial in 69 steroid-dependent patients with active UC randomized to selective apheresis with Adacolumn or an increased dose of prednisolone, 83% of patients receiving Adacolumn achieved remission compared with 65% of those receiving an increased dose of prednisolone. In another uncontrolled study of 60 patients with active UC, treatment with Adacolumn selective apheresis enabled nearly 70% of steroid-dependent patients to discontinue prednisolone. An unblinded randomized controlled trial of a different selective apheresis device (Cellsorba) versus high-dose prednisolone in patients with active UC showed a greater therapeutic effect (74%) than high-dose prednisolone (38%) and lower frequency of adverse effects (24% versus 68%).
MODELLING THE FAILURE OF SAND REINFORCED WITH WIRES: MICROMECHANICAL APPROACH TO THE REINFORCEMENT/MATRIX INTERACTION (1991)

This article outlines the initial results of a study of granular materials with incorporated reinforcement, such as Texsol. Our study deals with the failure of such materials, especially the failure of the particles/reinforcement bond. We are representing the particles/reinforcement bonding forces as the sum of the friction forces; this approach is based on the knowledge of the contact forces. This article describes: - our model of the reinforcement/particles interaction; - its application with a view to obtaining a forecasting tool (for example, calculation of the cohesion of Texsol); - a theoretical expression, very exact in simple cases, of average granular forces under anisotropic applied stress; - an experiment (pulling out of a wire incorporated in a granular matrix) which confirms this expression; - an original experimental approach (automatic copying paper) to the distribution of contact forces in a real material, the results of which confirm the theoretical hypotheses available in the literature. This article was originally published in French in Bulletin de Liaison des Laboratoires des Ponts et Chaussees (1990-05/06), no 167, p53-60, and for the French abstract see IRRD 124735. (TRRL)
Research Note: Evaluation of deoxycholic acid for antihistomonal activity (2020)

Deoxycholic acid (DCA) is a naturally occurring secondary bile acid that originates from intestinal bacterial metabolic conversion of cholate, a primary bile acid. Deoxycholic acid was shown to have antihistomonal properties in vitro, leading to our hypothesis that DCA inclusion within the feed might prevent histomoniasis. Selected dietary concentrations of DCA were evaluated for effects on body weight gain (BWG), lesions, and mortality of turkeys challenged with wild-type Histomonas meleagridis (WTH). Treatments consisted of non-challenged control (NC; basal diet), 0.25% DCA diet + challenge, 0.5% DCA diet + challenge, 1% DCA diet + challenge, and a positive-challenged control (PC; basal diet). All groups were fed a basal starter diet until day 7, at which time DCA diets were administered to the respective groups. On day 14, 2 × 10<sup>5</sup> WTH cells/turkey were intracloacally administered. H. meleagridis-related lesions were evaluated on day 13 post-challenge. Pre-challenge day 0 to 14 BWG was higher (P ≤ 0.05) in the 0.25% DCA group than in the 1% DCA group. There were no significant differences in pre-challenge day 0 to 14 BWG between any of the other groups. No significant differences in mortalities from histomoniasis occurred in the DCA groups as compared to the PC group. No H. meleagridis lesions or mortalities were observed at any time in the NC group. Presence of H. meleagridis-related liver lesions was higher (P ≤ 0.05) in the 0.5% DCA group as compared to the PC group. Using the same controls and experimental timeline, an additional group was included to evaluate a biliogenic diet formulated with 20% whole egg powder to encourage endogenous bile acid production. The biliogenic diet had no statistical impact on pre-challenge day 0 to 14 BWG, but did not reduce H. meleagridis-related mortalities or lesions after the challenge. Taken together, these data suggest that DCA inclusion within the feed at these concentrations and under these experimental conditions does not prevent histomoniasis.
Beyond active noun tagging: Modeling contextual interactions for multi-class active learning (2010)

We present an active learning framework to simultaneously learn appearance and contextual models for scene understanding tasks (multi-class classification). Existing multi-class active learning approaches have focused on utilizing classification uncertainty of regions to select the most ambiguous region for labeling. These approaches, however, ignore the contextual interactions between different regions of the image and the fact that knowing the label for one region provides information about the labels of other regions. For example, the knowledge of a region being sea is informative about regions satisfying the “on” relationship with respect to it, since they are highly likely to be boats. We explicitly model the contextual interactions between regions and select the question which leads to the maximum reduction in the combined entropy of all the regions in the image (image entropy). We also introduce a new methodology of posing labeling questions, mimicking the way humans actively learn about their environment. In these questions, we utilize the regions linked to a concept with high confidence as anchors, to pose questions about the uncertain regions. For example, if we can recognize water in an image then we can use the region associated with water as an anchor to pose questions such as “what is above water?”. Our active learning framework also introduces questions which help in actively learning contextual concepts. For example, our approach asks the annotator: “What is the relationship between boat and water?” and utilizes the answer to reduce the image entropies throughout the training dataset and obtain more relevant training examples for appearance models.
Optical Fiber-based Corrosion Sensor with Fe/SiO2 Composite Coating (2021)

Presented by NETL at 235th ECS Meeting, 05/19
Diagnosis and Treatment of Parasellar Lesions (2020)

The parasellar region, located around the sella turcica, is an anatomically complex area representing a crossroads for important adjacent structures. Several lesions, including tumoral, inflammatory vascular, and infectious diseases may affect this area. Although invasive pituitary tumors are the most common neoplasms encountered within the parasellar region, other tumoral (and cystic) lesions can also be detected. Craniopharyngiomas, meningiomas, as well as Rathke's cleft cysts, chordomas, and ectopic pituitary tumors can primarily originate from the parasellar region. Except for hormone-producing ectopic pituitary tumors, signs and symptoms of these lesions are usually nonspecific, due to a mass effect on the surrounding anatomical structures (i.e., headache, visual defects), while a clinically relevant impairment of endocrine function (mainly anterior hypopituitarism and/or diabetes insipidus) can be present if the pituitary gland is displaced or compressed. Differential diagnosis of parasellar lesions mainly relies on magnetic resonance imaging, which should be interpreted by neuroradiologists skilled in base skull imaging. Neurosurgery is the main treatment, alone or in combination with radiotherapy. Of note, recent studies have identified gene mutations or signaling pathway modulators that represent potential candidates for the development of targeted therapies, particularly for craniopharyngiomas and meningiomas. In summary, parasellar lesions still represent a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. A deeper knowledge of this complex anatomical site, the improvement of imaging tools, as well as novel insights into the pathophysiology of presenting lesions are strongly needed to improve the management of parasellar lesions.
Horizontal vs. Vertical Borehole-based Microseismic Monitoring: Which is Better? (2010)

Abstract Monitoring hydraulic fracture stimulations of horizontal well often results in potential monitoring scenarios of either the vertical section or horizontal section of neighbouring wells. Each configuration imposes different issues and challenges, and the relative pros and cons can be examined in a pre-acquisition design study. A specific geometry was examined for the potential quality of microseismic monitoring from a vertical well compared with a horizontal well. In scenarios where the horizontal well is relatively close to the horizontal treatment well, the horizontal array results in improved sensitivity to record more events and improved accuracy of in-zone microseismicity. Vertical arrays result in improved accuracy for both in-zone and out-of-zone microseismicity for regions of the treatment well close to the vertical well. The answer to which array is better depends on the specific geometry, the importance of monitoring the entire treatment well and the importance of accuracy for out-of-zone activity.
Effects of fenofibrate on lipid parameters in obese rhesus monkeys (2001)

Fenofibrate is a member of the fibrate class of hypolipidemic agents used clinically to treat hypertriglyceridemia and mixed hyperlipidemia. The fibrates were developed primarily on the basis of their cholesterol and triglyceride lowering in rodents. Fibrates have historically been ineffective at lowering triglycerides in experimentally-induced dyslipidemia in nonhuman primate models. The spontaneously obese rhesus monkey is a well-recognized animal model for the study of human obesity and type 2 diabetes, and many of these monkeys exhibit naturally occurring lipid abnormalities, including elevated triglycerides and low HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), similar to patients with type 2 diabetes. To explore whether the obese rhesus model was predictive of the lipid lowering effects of fibrates, we evaluated fenofibrate in six hypertriglyceridemic, hyperinsulinemic, nondiabetic animals in a 20-week, dose-escalating study. The study consisted of a 4-week baseline period, two treatment periods of 10 mg/kg twice daily (b.i.d) for 4 weeks and 30 mg/kg b.i.d. for 8 weeks, and a 4-week washout period. Fenofibrate (30 mg/kg b.i.d) decreased serum triglycerides 55% and LDL-C 27%, whereas HDL-C increased 35%. Apolipoproteins B-100 and C-III levels were also reduced 70% and 29%, respectively. Food intake, body weight, and plasma glucose were not affected throughout the study. Interestingly, plasma insulin levels decreased 40% during the 30 mg/kg treatment period, suggesting improvement in insulin sensitivity. These results support the use of obese rhesus monkey as an excellent animal model for studying the effects of novel hypolipidemic agents, particularly agents that impact serum triglycerides and HDL-C.
Metabolic control analysis using transient metabolite concentrations. Determination of metabolite concentration control coefficients (1992)

The methodology previously developed for determining the Flux Control Coefficients [Delgado & Liao (1992) Biochem. J. 282, 919-927] is extended to the calculation of metabolite Concentration Control Coefficients. It is shown that the transient metabolite concentrations are related by a few algebraic equations, attributed to mass balance, stoichiometric constraints, quasi-equilibrium or quasi-steady states, and kinetic regulations. The coefficients in these relations can be estimated using linear regression, and can be used to calculate the Control Coefficients. The theoretical basis and two examples are discussed. Although the methodology is derived based on the linear approximation of enzyme kinetics, it yields reasonably good estimates of the Control Coefficients for systems with non-linear kinetics.
Downhole Characterization of Clays and Formation Water Salinity Using Low Frequency Permittivity Dispersion (2023)

Abstract Clays in reservoir rocks have a significant impact on formation evaluation. An important property of clay minerals is their ability to adsorb ions on their exposed surface, which is measured by its cation exchange capacity (CEC). This property can affect saturation calculation if not properly accounted for. Many techniques have been developed for clay characterization, but it remains a focus of frontline research to find an accurate method for quantifying clays in situ and is the main objective of this study. Extensive numerical studies have been conducted and the results have indicated that for a shaly sand formation, strong dielectric dispersions were observed for all the simulated models at frequencies below 1MHz, which allowed an equation to be established that can be used to calculate clay volume through derivatives of the permittivity dispersive curves. In deriving this equation, parameters used for the studies include water-filled porosity, formation water salinity, grain size, clay type and volume, and Archie cementation exponent. The developed model contains two calibration constants, a and b, which need to be predefined. Results indicate that, for the simulated models, b is a constant while a depends on water-filled porosity, formation water salinity, grain size, clay content, and Archie cementation exponent. Data shows that there is no simple way to define constant a, due to its complex relationship with the various parameters. When focusing on relationships between constant a and clay volume and formation water salinity, by assuming other parameters can be estimated either by conventional petrophysical interpretations or laboratory measurements, then the current developed workflows can be used to estimate either clay volume or formation water salinity: Workflow 1: knowing formation water salinity, computing constant a, then estimating clay volume and Workflow 2: knowing clay volume, computing constant a, then estimating formation water salinity. To our knowledge, such an equation is the first model that has never been published before. The correlation works well in the synthetic data. It has a potential to provide a new method for characterizing formation clays and water salinity from low frequency resistivity measurements such as induction logs that is routinely run in almost every well drilled. Thus, it provides a powerful economical tool for enhanced reservoir characterization. Field testing is being conducted.
A compact slot UWB antenna with CPW-fed (2007)

A simple and novel compact CPW-fed slot antenna which has small dimension of (25×l4 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) is proposed for Ultra-Wideband applications. The special is inner antenna which also has smaller dimension of (7×5 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ). To miniaturize the antenna size, the accessional ground planes and staircase shape antenna are introduced. The proposed planar coplanar waveguide fed antenna is easy to be integrated with radio-frequency /microwave circuitry for low manufacturing cost. The optimal dimensions can be achieved by a parametric analysis. The designed antenna operates over 3.0 to 10.9 GHz for VSWR ≤ 2. The antenna also shows omnidirectional radiation patterns and that is suitable for UWB applications.
Error-free, automated data integration of exosome cargo protein data with extensive clinical data in an ongoing, multi-omic translational research study. (2020)

e16743 Background: Major advances in understanding the biology of cancer have come from genomic analysis of tumor and normal tissue. Integrating extensive patient-related data with deep analysis of omic data is crucial to informing omic data interpretation. Currently, such integrations are a highly manual, asynchronous, and costly process as well as error-prone and time-consuming. To develop new blood assays that may detect very early stage PDAC, a multi-omic investigation with deep clinical annotation is needed. Using pilot data from an on-going study, we test a new platform allowing automated error-free integration of an extensive clinical database with extensive omic data. Methods: Demographic, clinical, family pedigree and pathology data were collected on the Rave EDC platform. Exosomes were purified from 46 plasma samples from 14 controls and 24 PDAC patients and cargo proteins were quantified via SILAC. The Rave Omics platform was used to ingest and integrate clinical and omic data, run quality checks and generate integrated clinical-omic datasets. Data fidelity was validated by systematically computing differences between corresponding values in the source flies with those present in the extracted data object (integrated data). The root mean squared error (RMSE) was calculated for numeric values in each sample. Additional validation was conducted by manual inspection to ascertain data integrity. Results: We demonstrated automatic integration, without human intervention, of a subset of the clinical data and all available SILAC data into an analysis-ready data object. Data transfer was completely faithful, with 100% concordance between the source and the integrated data without loss of features. All proteins (n = 1515) and clinical variables (n = 64) were imported. Their nomenclature and corresponding sample values (n = 69690) and clinical values (n = 2432) matched exactly between datasets. In all samples, the RMSE was exactly zero, indicating no deviation between data sources. Conclusions: We demonstrated that automatic, efficient, and reliable integration of clinical-omic data is achievable during an in-flight PDAC trial. Automatic exploratory analytics supporting biomarker discovery are currently being used to uncover associations between omic and clinical features. The Rave Omics platform is disease-agnostic and we plan to expand to trials of varying size, indication, and completion status where systematic, automated integration of clinical and (multi)omic data is needed.
Preparation of WO<sub>3</sub> nanoplatelet-based microspheres and their NO<sub>2</sub> gas-sensing properties (2014)

Microspheres consisting of WO3 nanoplatelets were prepared by a simple polyol process using tungsten chloride, poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP), and ethylene glycol. The microsphere sizes could be easily controlled by the appropriate adjustment of the molecular weight of the added PVP from 3500 to 1300000. The microspheres prepared by using PVP with a molecular weight of 1300000 had average diameters of about 877 nm and consisted of nanoplatelets that were ∼500 nm long by 30 nm wide. The gas-sensing properties of the WO3 microspheres were investigated by exposure to 50 ppb to 1 ppm NO2. The sensor element constructed with microspheres composed of the PVP with a molecular weight of 1300000 showed a higher sensor response to NO2 gas than the others, because the nanoplatelets had smaller particle sizes and larger specific surface areas.
Advanced electrical characterization toward (sub) 1nm EOT HfSiON ¿ hole trapping in PFET and L-dependent effects (2007)

Hf-based gate dielectrics layers with EOT≪1nm are actively investigated for 22nm node and beyond. EOT scalability of these films is simultaneously achieved by reducing the high-k thickness as well as optimizing the N-profile into the thin film. For Hf-based layers electron traps in the upper part of the bandgap have been a major concern for nMOSFETs since they cause V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> -instability and affect mobility [1]. With the scaling of EOT to 1 nm and below, the impact of these traps has, however, disappeared [2]. Electron traps have never been considered a potential problem for PMOS because at negative bias they are always efficiently discharged. We found, however, that in PMOS with EOT ˜1 nm, a large hysteresis at high field is observed in the I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">D</sub> -V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">G</sub> characteristics, while no hysteresis is measured on the corresponding NMOS devices (on the same wafer) (Fig. 1). In this work we will prove by an advanced charge pumping technique that the hysteresis in PMOS is caused by hole traps in the high-k layer. Furthermore, we show how NBTI defects are correlated with such hole traps. Hole trap density depends on the Hf- and N-profile in the film, being larger for Hf-rich films.
Human PTCHD3 nulls: rare copy number and sequence variants suggest a non-essential gene (2011)

Our data suggests that PTCHD3 may be a non-essential gene in some humans and characterization of this novel CNV at 10p12.1 will facilitate population and disease studies.
Privileged scaffolds targeting reverse-turn and helix recognition (2007)

Privileged scaffolds targeting common protein-recognition motifs are useful to help elucidate the receptor-bound conformation and to provide non-peptidic, bioavailable substructures suitable for optimization to modulate protein-protein interactions.