gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of transmission-quality-aware online network design and provisioning enabled through optical performance monitoring (2019)

The use of the higher-order modulation format and narrower channel bandwidth can enhance the spectral efficiency of photonic networks. However, such spectrally efficient schemes cannot be utilized when the large margin is required to tolerate uncertainties in the performance of system components. Furthermore, the disaggregation of optical transmission system increases the required margin. In this paper, we propose highly spectrally efficient network architecture, where the required margin is minimized by transmission-quality-aware modulation-order/channel-bandwidth assignment based on optical performance monitoring. Up to 82% improvement in spectral efficiency for 400-Gbps DP-QPSK/DP-16QAM signals is confirmed through transmission experiments and network simulations.
Fractionation of Nanoparticle Matter in Red Wines Using Asymmetrical Flow Field-Flow Fractionation (2020)

The particle matter of wine is mainly composed of wine colloids and macromolecules. The present work develops a methodology using asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation coupled with multi-angle light scattering, differential refractive index detector, and ultraviolet detector (AsFlFFF-MALS-dRI-UV) for the fractionation and determination of the molar mass, the hydrodynamic radius, and the apparent densities of the aggregates and macromolecules present in wine samples. The results from a set of six Argentinian high-altitude wines showed two main populations: the first population composed of wine colloids with higher UV-specific absorptivity and the second population composed of polysaccharides, such as arabinogalactans. The conformation results showed that population 1 consists of small and dense particles, while population 2 showed high molar masses and lower densities. The results demonstrated the use of AsFlFFF as a new, effective method for the fractionation and characterization of wine colloids and wine macromolecules in red wines with further potential applications.
Lead Optimization of Phthalazinone Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors as Novel Antitrypanosomal Compounds (2020)

Human African trypanosomiasis is causing thousands of deaths every year in the rural areas of Africa. In this manuscript we describe the optimization of a family of phtalazinone derivatives. Phosphodiesterases have emerged as attractive molecular targets for a novel treatment for a variety of neglected parasitic diseases. Compound <b>1</b> resulted in being a potent TbrPDEB1 inhibitor with interesting activity against <i>T. brucei</i> in a phenotypic screen. Derivative <b>1</b> was studied in an acute <i>in vivo</i> mouse disease model but unfortunately showed no efficacy due to low metabolic stability. We report structural modifications to achieve compounds with an improved metabolic stability while maintaining high potency against TbrPDEB1 and <i>T. brucei</i>. Compound <b>14</b> presented a good microsomal stability in mouse and human microsomes and provides a good starting point for future efforts.
VATER and hydrocephalus: Distinct syndrome? (1991)

VACTERL association with hydrocephalus is rarely reported, and is thought to be an autosomal recessive uniformly lethal disorder distinct from the VATER association. We have observed 3 patients in a 12-month period with hydrocephalus due to aqueductal stenosis, in addition to vertebral anomalies (3/3), anal anomalies (3/3), cardiac anomalies (3/3), tracheoesophageal fistula (1/3), renal anomalies (3/3), limb anomalies (3/3), single umbilical artery (2/3), hypospadias (1/3), and cryptorchidism (1/2). Chromosomes were normal in all cases. Although one patient died in the neonatal period due to respiratory failure, 2 have survived (30 months and 19 months) with good neurological outcome following early neurosurgical treatment. Although delayed in motor development, both are interactive, social, and continue to make developmental progress. Appropriate surgical treatment, including early ventriculoperitoneal shunting, allowed for the survival of 2 patients with an unexpectedly good outcome. Our experience suggests that the extremely poor prognosis previously ascribed is not universal. We caution against labeling this syndrome as a uniformly lethal, developmentally devastating disorder.
A new highly deuterated [18F]AV-45, [18F]D15FSP, for imaging β-amyloid plaques in the brain (2021)

1600 Introduction: Amyvid (florbetapir f18, [18F]AV-45) is a FDA approved Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging agent targeting β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques in the brain. Literature reports suggest that [18F]AV-45 is metabolized rapidly in blood and some of its O-dealkylated metabolites led to production of [18F]F- and resulted in relatively high bone uptake. Deuterium substitution for hydrogen often increases in vivo metabolic stability through a reduction in drug metabolism. In an effort to slow down the in vivo metabolism, we report preclinical evaluation of deuterated derivate, [18F]D15FSP, and comparison with those of N-methyl deuterated [18F]D3FSP and non-deuterated [18F]AV-45. Methods: Radiolabeling procedures were achieved by a similar methods as [18F]AV-45. Preclinical pharmacology of [18F]D15FSP was evaluated using in vitro autoradiography, competitive binding assay and in vivo biodistribution in normal mice. Results for all three agents were compared. Results: [18F]D15FSP was prepared and purified (by HPLC) with ~47% yield (decay corrected) and > 95% purity (Scheme 1). Binding assays showed that D15FSP displayed excellent binding affinity (Ki = 7.52 nM) to Aβ aggregates, a similar value as D3FSP (Ki = 5.39 nM) and AV-45 (Ki = 5.18 nM). In vitro autoradiography of AD brain sections, [18F]D15FSP, [18F]D3FSP and [18F]AV-45 showed similar binding to Aβ plaques (Fig. 1). Biodistribution studies of all three agents in mice showed comparable initial brain uptake and very rapid washout in blood. Two deuterium substituted tracers, [18F]D15FSP and [18F]D3FSP, showed lower residual activity in the brain suggesting lower nonspecific binding. Particularly, a very low bone uptake at 120 min after iv injection was observed for [18F]D15FSP (1.44 %ID/g), comparing to [18F]D3FSP (4.23 %ID/g) and [18F]AV-45(4.03 %ID/g). Apparently, defluorination of [18F]D15FSP in mice was reduced as indicated by the lower bone uptake (Fig. 2). Conclusion: The highly deuterated Aβ imaging agent, [18F]D15FSP, displayed excellent Aβ binding, high initial brain penetration and low bone retention, suggesting that it might be suitable as a PET imaging agent for detecting amyloid plaques in AD patients.
Modifying MOFs: new chemistry, new materials (2010)

The postsynthetic modification (PSM) of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) has grown substantially in the past few years. In this minireview, recent progress in the area of PSM is highlighted, with an emphasis on several recent advancements. The scope and limitations of PSM are described and future prospects are discussed.
A microfabricated steel and glass radiation detector with inherent wireless signaling (2011)

This paper describes an investigation of the performance compromises imposed by a manufacturing approach that utilizes lithographic micromachining processes to fabricate a wireless beta/gamma radiation detector. The device uses in-package assembly of stainless steel electrodes and glass spacers. These elements are micromachined using photochemical etching and powder blasting, respectively. The detector utilizes a commercial, TO-5 package that is hermetically sealed at 760 Torr with an Ar fill-gas. Gas microdischarges between the electrodes, which are initiated by the radiation, transmit wideband wireless signals. The detector diameter and height are 9 and 9.6 mm, respectively, and it weighs 0.97 g. The device performance has been characterized using various sealed, radioisotope sources, e.g., 30–99 µCi from 137 Cs (which is a beta and gamma emitter) and 0.1 µCi from 90 Sr (which is a pure beta emitter). It has a measured output of >15.5 counts s _1 when in close proximity to 99 µCi from 137 Cs. The wireless signaling spans 1.25 GHz at receiving antenna-to-detector distances >89 cm, when in close proximity to a 0.1 µCi 90 Sr source. The estimated intrinsic detection efficiency (i.e. with the background rate subtracted) is 3.34% as measured with the biasing arrangement described in the paper.
Opportunity for compute partitioning in pursuit of energy-efficient systems (2016)

Performance of computing systems, from handhelds to supercomputers, is increasingly constrained by the energy consumed. A significant and increasing fraction of the energy is consumed in the movement of data. In a compute node, caches have been very effective in reducing data movement by exploiting the available data locality in programs. Program regions with poor data locality, then effect most of the data movement, and consequently consume an ever larger fraction of energy. In this paper we explore the energy efficiency opportunity of minimizing the data movement in precisely such program regions, by first imagining the possibility of compute near memory, and then partitioning the program’s execution between a compute core and the compute near memory (CnM). Due to the emergence of 3D stacked memory, a CnM implementation appears more realistic. Our focus is on evaluating the partitioning opportunity in applications and to do a limit study of systems enabled with CnM capabilities to understand and guide their architectural embodiment. We describe an automated method of analyzing the data access pattern of optimized workload binaries, via a binary-instrumentation tool called SnapCnM, to identify the beneficial program regions (loops) for CnM execution.We also perform a limit study to evaluate the impact of such partitioning over a range of parameters affecting CnM design choices. Our results show that compute partitioning a small (<10%) fraction of a workload can improve its energy efficiency from 3% (for compute-bound applications) to 27% (for memory-bound applications). From the study in this work we discuss the important aspects that help to shape the future CnM design space.
Laser-assisted organometallic chemical vapor deposition of films of rhodium and iridium (1992)

High purity (less than 1% carbon) thin films of rhodium and iridium metal have been obtained by laser-assisted organometallic chemical vapor deposition. Gaseous (η5-C5H5)M(C2H4)2 (M=Rh,Ir) was the organometallic precursor. Depositions were carried out in an atmosphere of He and H2 at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Wavelength dependence studies of the rhodium precursor have shown that only irradiation into the compound’s charge transfer band causes deposition. Deposits can also be obtained thermally. The films were analyzed by x-ray diffraction and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
Phase II study of BAY 73–4506, a multikinase inhibitor, in previously untreated patients with metastatic or unresectable renal cell cancer (2009)

5033 Background: BAY 73–4506 is an orally active, potent multikinase inhibitor targeting both tumor cell proliferation and tumor vasculature through inhibition of receptors of tyrosine kinases (VEGFR, KIT, RET, FGFR, and PDGFR) and serine/threonine kinases (RAF and p38MAPK). In tumor xenograft models, BAY 73–4506 demonstrated a broad spectrum of antitumor activity. The results of a phase I study (3 weeks on/1 week off schedule) indicated good tolerability and antitumor activity, including objective responses. Methods: Previously untreated patients with predominantly clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and measurable disease according to RECIST were enrolled in this multicenter, open-label, phase II study. Eligibility criteria included ECOG performance status 0–1, low or intermediate risk as per Motzer score, and adequate bone marrow and organ function. Treatment consisted of BAY 73–4506 160 mg once daily on a 3 weeks on/1 week off schedule. The primary end point was overall response rate. Results: 49 patients started treatment (accrual completed October 2008): 27 male, 22 female, median age 62 years (range 40–76). All patients were evaluable for safety, 33 patients are currently available for efficacy evaluation. The most common drug-related adverse events (all grades) reported in &gt;20% of patients were hand-foot skin reaction (HFSR) (48%), fatigue (48%), hypertension (43%), mucositis (35%), dysphonia (33%), rash (30%), diarrhea (25%), and anorexia (23%). Grade 3–4 drug related toxicities (in &gt;5% of patients) included HFSR (13%), rash (8%), fatigue (8%), and renal failure (8%). Renal failure occurred only in patients who continued taking study medication despite having inadequate fluid intake and/or diarrhea. Preliminary efficacy data of the 33 patients evaluable for response show a 27% partial response (PR) and a 42% stable disease (SD) rate. Further tumor assessments are scheduled for the patients (n = 35) remaining on study. Conclusions: Preliminary data show promising antitumor activity and good tolerability of BAY 73–4506 in patients with RCC. The observed toxicities were typical of the drug class and were manageable. Updated results will be presented at the meeting. [Table: see text]
Conformal optical metasurfaces (2023)

Structures for scattering light at multiple wavelengths are disclosed. Scattering elements are fabricated with different geometric dimensions and arrangements, to scatter or focus light at the same focal distance for each wavelength, or at different focal distances according to the desired application. The scattering elements fabricated on a substrate can be peeled off with a polymer matrix and attached to a lens to modify the optical properties of the lens.
Prevention of percutaneous electrode migration in spinal cord stimulation by a modification of the standard implantation technique (2006)

With modification of the standard technique for implantation of percutaneous SCS electrodes, no longitudinal migration of electrodes was noted in this series of 99 patients.
Control of microstructural characteristics and mechanical properties of AlSi12 alloy by processing conditions of laser powder bed fusion (2021)

To elucidate the possibility of controlling the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al–Si alloys additive-manufactured by laser powder bed fusion (L–PBF), the relationship among the laser conditions, microstructural characteristics (crystal grain, cellular microstructure, and solute Si in α-Al matrix), and tensile properties of L–PBF manufactured AlSi12 alloy samples was investigated. The crystal grain size and fraction of <001> oriented α-Al crystal grains toward the building direction increased as the laser power became higher and scanning velocity became slower. The width of cellular microstructure (sub–cell size) where the primary α-Al phase was surrounded by α-Al/Si eutectic microstructure increased as the laser power became higher and scanning velocity became slower. The refinement of microstructure was attributed to the solidification under high cooling rate, which was achieved by low laser power and high scanning velocity. The area fraction of Si phase analyzed from FE–SEM images tended to decrease as the laser power became higher and scanning velocity became slower, suggesting the possibility of solute Si concentration in α-Al matrix controlled by laser conditions. The STEM/EDS analysis revealed high concentration of solute Si in the α-Al matrix (above a solubility limit of 1.5 mol% in the Al–Si binary system) of L–PBF manufactured AlSi12 alloy samples and its concentration became higher in the sample manufactured using a higher laser power. The tensile tests of as–built AlSi12 specimens fabricated under various laser conditions were also performed. High strength and high ductility tended to be achieved when high power laser was applied in slow laser scanning velocity. The 0.2% proof stress was relatively higher when the laser scanning velocity was faster. The mechanical properties correlated with crystal grain size and sub–cell size rather than solute Si in the α-Al matrix. These results provide new insights to control mechanical performance of AlSi12 alloy via L–PBF processing parameters.
Performance Improvement of Centrifugal Fan by Using CFD (2008)

The flow in a centrifugal impeller is simulated firstly by solving the Navier-Stokes equations with the Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model and the performance curves are then obtained. Effect of the match between the inlet duct and the impeller inlet on the performance of the centrifugal fan is studied numerically. Based on the numerical analysis, the flow characteristics of a centrifugal fan including an inlet duct, an impeller, a diffuser and a volute are predicted. The impeller consists of twelve blades. The numerical results indicate that the leakage loss is produced by the circular flow occurring in the shroud outside. At the same time, the flow is found to have returned to the upstream of the volute. Because of the interaction between the impeller and the volute, the flow parameters along the circumference in the impeller outlet and the volute inlet are not uniform. Also, the flow in each impeller passage is different apparently. Compared with the impeller, the efficiency of the centrifugal fan drops by about 3–4%. According to the calculated results, the linkage profile between the inlet duct and the impeller inlet is redesigned. The linkage smoothness is favorable to performance improvement and a wider range of operation of the fan. Finally, the effects of the straight shroud with different inclined angles on the performance of the fan are studied. In a reasonable range of inclined angles, the performance of the fan is enhanced by selecting a straight shroud and the difficulties in manufacturing the fans are lessened.
x Deuterium substituted D6FPDTBZ (P17-059) as a new VMAT2 imaging agent. (2018)

1030 Objectives: Vesicular monoamine transporters 2 (VMAT2) in the brain serve as transporter for packaging monoamine in vesicles inside neurons for normal CNS neurotransmission. Several analogs of DTBZ ([11C]-(+)-DTBZ, dihydrotetrabenazine and [18F]FP-(+)-DTBZ (fluoropropyl-(+)-dihydrotetrabenazine, a.k.a. [18F]AV-133), are used as VMAT2 imaging agents for studying changes in brain function related to monoamine transmission. A deuterated analog of FP(+)DTBZ was prepared and investigated for its ability to target VMAT2 binding sites. Methods: Deuterated [18F]hexadeuterofluoropropyl-(+)-dihydrotetrabenazine, [18F]D6-FP-(+)-DTBZ, [18F]1, was prepared from its corresponding OTs precursor. In vitro binding, in vivo biodistribution and microPET imaging studies in rodents were carried out. Results: A one step radiolabeling reaction led to the desired [18F]D6-FP-(+)-DTBZ, [18F]1, which showed excellent binding affinity to VMAT2 (Ki = 0.32 ± 0.07 nM) comparable to that of FP-(+)-DTBZ (Ki = 0.33 ± 0.02 nM) using [18F]FP-(+)-DTBZ and rat striatum membrane homogenates. In vivo biodistribution in normal rats showed that [18F]1, exhibited excellent initial brain uptake and comparable high ratio of striatum to cerebellum (target/background) at 1 hr after injection (ratio of 6.05 ± 0.43 vs 5.66 ± 0.72 for [18F]FP-(+)-DTBZ vs [18F]1, respectively). MicroPET imaging studies in rats further confirm that the striatum with high VMAT2 concentration was clearly delineated in normal rat brain after iv injection of [18F]1. We observed minor changes of metabolism in rat plasma between these two agents; however, the changes showed little effect on regional brain uptake and retention.Conclusion: The results lend support for using [18F]D6-FP-(+)-DTBZ, [18F]1, as in vivo PET imaging agent for VMAT2 binding in the brain.
Thermal Stability of PEEK Composites in Air; Dynamic Rheological Analysis (1993)

LTC
<title>Monitoring of fermentation parameters with fiber optics</title> (1994)

Bioprocess control requires reliable and continuous monitoring of nutrients and various process parameters, such as dissolved oxygen, carbon dioxide, and pH. Currently, the on-line control of these parameters is achieved electrochemically via dip-in electrodes or indirectly by off-gas analysis. Optical sensors offer an alternative to these conventional methods. Fiber- optic sensors for measuring pH, CO<SUB>2</SUB> and O<SUB>2</SUB> have been developed. We have demonstrated the use of a fiber-optic sensor for the continuous monitoring of fermentation pH. In this paper we discuss the use of a ratiometric method and medium calibration as a way to improve the precision of the fiber-optic sensor.
Two- and three-dimensional modeling and optimization applied to the design of a fast hydrodynamic focusing microfluidic mixer for protein folding (2013)

We present a design of a microfluidic mixer based on hydrodynamic focusing which is used to initiate the folding process (i.e., changes of the molecular structure) of a protein. The folding process is initiated by diluting (from 90% to 30%) the local denaturant concentration (initially 6 M GdCl solution) in a short time interval we refer to as mixing time. Our objective is to optimize this mixer by choosing suitable shape and flow conditions in order to minimize this mixing time. To this end, we first introduce a numerical model that enables computation of the mixing time of a mixer. This model is based on a finite element method approximation of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations coupled with the convective diffusion equation. To reduce the computational time, this model is implemented in both full three-dimensional (3D) and simplified two-dimensional (2D) versions; and we analyze the ability of the 2D model to approximate the mixing time predicted by the 3D model. We found that the 2D model approximates the mixing time predicted by the 3D model with a mean error of about 15%, which is considered reasonable. Then, we define a mixer optimization problem considering the 2D model and solve it using a hybrid global optimization algorithm. In particular, we consider geometrical variables and injection velocities as optimization parameters. We achieve a design with a predicted mixing time of 0.10 μs, approximately one order of magnitude faster than previous mixer designs. This improvement can be in part explained by the new mixer geometry including an angle of π/5 radians at the channel intersection and injections velocities of 5.2 m s−1 and 0.038 m s−1 for the side and central inlet channels, respectively. Finally, we verify the robustness of the optimized result by performing a sensitivity analysis of its parameters considering the 3D model. During this study, the optimized mixer was demonstrated to be robust by exhibiting mixing time variations of the same order than the parameter ones. Thus, the obtained 2D design can be considered optimal also for the 3D model.
Controlled spontaneous lifetime in microcavity confined InGaAlAs/GaAs quantum dots (1998)

Controlled spontaneous lifetimes are demonstrated in InGaAlAs/GaAs quantum dots confined in planar microcavities. Due to their independent and spectrally sharp light emission, the quantum dot emitters provide an excellent means for studying the spontaneous lifetime dependence on microcavity tuning, while maintaining experimental parameters such as temperature and pump intensity constant. The measured lifetime changes are compared with calculated results and show good agreement.