gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
S110 Efficacy and safety of nintedanib in patients with IPF beyond week 52: Data from the Phase II TOMORROW trial (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Period 1 of the TOMORROW trial was a phase II, randomised, placebo-controlled trial of four doses of nintedanib (50 mg qd, 50 mg bid, 100 mg bid, 150 mg bid) in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) over 52 weeks. Results suggested that nintedanib 150 mg bid was associated with a reduced decline in forced vital capacity (FVC) and fewer acute exacerbations versus placebo. After completing period 1, patients could continue treatment in a further blinded treatment phase (period 2). <h3>Methods</h3> In period 2, patients treated with nintedanib in period 1 continued their dose, and placebo-treated patients switched to nintedanib 50 mg qd. Here we present descriptive data on FVC, acute exacerbations, mortality and adverse events for the nintedanib 150 mg bid and comparator (placebo/nintedanib 50 mg qd) groups during periods 1 and 2. <h3>Results</h3> Of 428 patients treated in period 1 (nintedanib 150 mg bid n = 85, placebo n = 85), 316 patients completed period 1 and 286 patients (nintedanib 150 mg bid n = 48, comparator n = 54) continued treatment in period 2. Mean total duration of exposure was 14.2 months for nintedanib 150 mg bid and 16.8 months for comparator. The mean observed change from baseline in FVC over time was consistently lower in the nintedanib 150 mg bid group compared with comparator across periods 1 and 2 (Figure 1). The incidence of acute exacerbations was lower in the nintedanib 150 mg bid group compared with comparator (3.2 vs. 13.4 per 100 patient-years). Overall, 14 patients (16.3%) died in the nintedanib 150 mg bid group and 19 patients (21.8%) died in the comparator group. The safety and tolerability of nintedanib 150 mg bid was similar between periods 1 and 2. The proportion of patients reporting an adverse event across periods 1 and 2 was similar in the nintedanib 150 mg bid and comparator groups (97.6% and 94.1%, respectively). <h3>Conclusion</h3> In the TOMORROW trial, the effect of nintedanib on slowing disease progression in patients with IPF was maintained up to week 76. No relevant changes in the safety and tolerability of nintedanib were observed with treatment up to week 76 compared with week 52.
CdSe/ZnS core-shell nanocrystal based scintillators for enhanced detection in UV (2006)

In this work, we present a novel scintillator that incorporates CdSe/ZnS core-shell nanocrystals to utilize both their high quantum fluorescence efficiency in the visible and high optical absorption in the UV for the purpose of facilitating UV imaging on a Si platform. Here we demonstrate enhancement in UV detection up to 800% with respect to the host polymer in the UV
Investigation of out-of-plane motion artifacts in 2D noninvasive vascular ultrasound elastography (2018)

Ultrasound noninvasive vascular elastography (NIVE) has shown its potential to measure strains of carotid arteries to predict plaque instability. When two-dimensional (2D) strain estimation is performed, either in longitudinal or cross-sectional view, only in-plane motions are considered. The motions in elevation direction (i.e. perpendicular to the imaging plane), can induce estimation artifacts affecting the accuracy of 2D NIVE. The influence of such out-of-plane motions on the performance of axial strain and axial shear strain estimations has been evaluated in this study. For this purpose, we designed a diseased carotid bifurcation phantom with a 70% stenosis and an in vitro experimental setup to simulate orthogonal out-of-plane motions of 1 mm, 2 mm and 3 mm. The Lagrangian speckle model estimator (LSME) was used to estimate axial strains and shears under pulsatile conditions. As anticipated, in vitro results showed more strain estimation artifacts with increasing magnitudes of motions in elevation. However, even with an out-of-plane motion of 2.0 mm, strain and shear estimations having inter-frame correlation coefficients higher than 0.85 were obtained. To verify findings of in vitro experiments, a clinical LSME dataset obtained from 18 participants with carotid artery stenosis was used. Deduced out-of-plane motions (ranging from 0.25 mm to 1.04 mm) of the clinical dataset were classified into three groups: small, moderate and large elevational motions. Clinical results showed that pulsatile time-varying strains and shears remained reproducible for all motion categories since inter-frame correlation coefficients were higher than 0.70, and normalized cross-correlations (NCC) between radiofrequency (RF) images were above 0.93. In summary, the performance of LSME axial strain and shear estimations appeared robust in the presence of out-of-plane motions (<2 mm) as encountered during clinical ultrasound imaging.
A critical role for IL-37 in regulatory T cell maintenance and CD4+ T cell inhibition (2019)

Abstract Regulatory T (Treg) cells express the transcription factor Foxp3 and play a vital role in suppressing immune responses and maintaining tolerance and homeostasis. Foxp3 expression is induced and maintained in Treg cells during thymic development and adaptive immune insults through three signaling pathways including TCR signaling and costimulation, IL-2 signaling, and TGF-β signaling, as well as Foxp3 expression itself. Recent studies, however, have suggested that these signaling pathways involved in the induction and maintenance of Foxp3 expression in the thymus and during activation are more dispensable in a steady state. To identify additional intracellular signaling molecules that induce/maintain Foxp3 expression and support Treg cell homeostasis and stability, we have screened proteins interacting with the three Foxp3 transcription factors NFAT, Stat5 and Smad3 for their expression in Treg cells and regulation of Foxp3 transcription. Using this protein screen we discovered IL-1 family member IL-37 plays a significant role in Foxp3 expression. By using human T cells from healthy donors and transgenic mice expressing IL-37, we uncovered a novel role for endogenous (expressed) and extracellular (secreted) IL-37 in Foxp3 expression and CD4+ T cells immunity. Treg cells that expressed IL-37 had elevated Foxp3 expression and were more suppressive in vitro and in vivo compared to Treg cells lacking IL-37. Extracellular IL-37, secreted by Treg cells, directly inhibited the canonical T cell signaling pathways through surface receptors. These results characterize an important mechanism for Treg directed immune suppression and Foxp3 expression.
Targeted Therapeutics: CRISPR Technology for Breast Cancer: Diagnostics, Modeling, and Therapy (Adv. Biosys. 11/2018) (2018)

Breast cancer is a highly heterogenous family of malignant neoplasms with significant interpatient variations. CRISPR technology offers a toolkit to diagnose, model, and treat the disease in a more precise manner. In article number 1800132, Kam W. Leong and co-workers analyze the potential application of CRISPR technology in these three aspects and provide insights on developing a precision medicine-based approach against breast cancer.
Generic Avionics Software Specification (1990)

Abstract : This report informally specifies the general functions, data interactions, and timing constraints for a hypothetical avionics mission control computer (MCC) system typical of those found in some existing U.S. Navy and Marine Corps aircraft. Avionics functions and equipment are described only to the extent needed to specify generic MCC behavior. The specification was developed primarily to exemplify timing requirements and functional interactions in a heavily loaded real time system. The devices, functions, and architecture presented here were prepared for illustrative purposes and are not those of any specific military aircraft. In particular, the quantitative timing information and discussion of functional interactions is hypothetical. The specification consists of an introductory description of the environment in which the mission computer operates followed by a functional description of the requirements imposed on the mission computer. The functional description is minimal and serves mainly to characterize computer workload and data interactions. An appendix contains a summary of the timing requirements together with an analysis of the expected CPU load for a possible attack scenario.
Symposium (2005)

Advancements in medical technology over the last several decades have occurred at an incredible pace. In our specialty of orthopaedics, there are numerous examples of rapid improvements in technology that have markedly improved the care of our patients with musculoskeletal disorders. Arthroscopic surgery is one such example. The field has made tremendous advancements from several decades ago, when visualization alone was a challenge in arthroscopic surgery, to today, when cruciate ligament surgery in the knee and rotator cuff repair in the shoulder are routinely performed through the arthroscope. In parallel with the explosion of new technology in orthopaedic surgery and medicine has been the acceleration of information transfer throughout the world. The Internet has become a tool that allows instantaneous distribution of new information. In the field of medicine in general and orthopaedics specifically, information received by the physician and potential patients may be uncensored.

It is only human nature for patients afflicted with musculoskeletal disorders or any other medical disorders to want the best care possible. It is also the challenge and requirement for industry to develop and sell new technology in order to build successful businesses. To many consumers, the best care equates with the care that involves the newest technology. Tried and true methodology is only a cliche. This is the atmosphere in which we practice orthopaedics, and it is the reason that direct-to-consumer marketing is so prevalent and effective today. This symposium explores the critical issue, “How should new technology be introduced into orthopaedic practice?” Various aspects of this question are explored. Insight into industry's investment in new technologies and issues involved in recouping that investment are outlined. Regulatory statutes that govern the implementation of new technology are discussed. The direct-to-consumer marketing concerns are addressed. Finally, “the two sides of the coin” concerning when new technology …
Supplementary Figure 2A from Molecular Triage of Premalignant Lesions in Liquid-Based Cervical Cytology and Circulating Cell-Free DNA from Urine, Using a Panel of Methylated Human Papilloma Virus and Host Genes (2023)

&lt;p&gt;GenoScape - HPV genotype profiling from high-throughput sequencing samples consists of four analytic steps: (1) High-throughput sequencing (454, MiSeq) of HPV TrDNA; (2) Profiling by comparing sequences against several databases such as Human genome (bowtie), HPV databases -GenBank, PaVE, Enterix-HPV Hi-lo risk (sim4db) and RefSeq bacterial genomes (blast); (3) Assembly into contigs, for AlignScape visualization (newbler,minimus, trinity); and SNP discovery (samtools + filter).&lt;/p&gt;
Dual mode ion mobility spectrometer and method for ion mobility spectrometry (2023)

Ion mobility spectrometer apparatus may include an ion interface that is operable to hold positive and negative ions and to simultaneously release positive and negative ions through respective positive and negative ion ports. A first drift chamber is operatively associated with the positive ion port of the ion interface and encloses an electric field therein. A first ion detector operatively associated with the first drift chamber detects positive ions from the first drift chamber. A second drift chamber is operatively associated with the negative ion port of the ion interface and encloses an electric field therein. A second ion detector operatively associated with the second drift chamber detects negative ions from said second drift chamber.
Enantioselektive Komplexierung flexibler und starrer Substrate durch molekulare Erkennung (1991)

Bis zu vier Wasserstoffbrückenbindungen sind für die Komplexierung von Hydantoinen durch 2,7‐Naphthyl‐verbrückte Dilactame verantwortlich, wie das Strukturmodell rechts zeigt. Die L‐Hydantoine (R kann z. B. CH 2 Ph und CH(CH 3 ) 2 sein) binden bevorzugt (ΔΔ G = ‐ 0.6 kcalmol −1 ) das (−)‐Enantiomer des Rezeptors. Analog läßt sich auch L‐Hydroorotsäuremethylester enantioselektiv komplexieren. Die Bindung von Dipeptiden, die wesentlich flexibler sind, mit verwandten Rezeptoren ist weniger selektiv. magnified image
Mimicry of High-Density Lipoprotein: Functional Peptide–Lipid Nanoparticles Based on Multivalent Peptide Constructs (2013)

We describe an approach for engineering peptide-lipid nanoparticles that function similarly to high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Branched, multivalent constructs, bearing multiple 23- or 16-amino-acid peptides, were designed, synthesized, and combined with phospholipids to produce nanometer-scale discoidal HDL-like particles. A variety of biophysical techniques were employed to characterize the constructs, including size exclusion chromatography, analytical ultracentrifuge sedimentation, circular dichroism, transmission electron microscopy, and fluorescence spectroscopy. The nanoparticles functioned in vitro (human and mouse plasma) and in vivo (mice) to rapidly remodel large native HDLs into small lipid-poor HDL particles, which are key acceptors of cholesterol in reverse cholesterol transport. Fluorescent labeling studies showed that the constituents of the nanoparticles readily distributed into native HDLs, such that the peptide constructs coexisted with apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), the main structural protein in HDLs. Importantly, nanolipid particles containing multivalent peptides promoted efficient cellular cholesterol efflux and were functionally superior to those derived from monomeric apoA-I mimetic peptides. The multivalent peptide-lipid nanoparticles were also remarkably stable toward enzymatic digestion in vitro and displayed long half-lives and desirable pharmacokinetic profiles in mice, providing a real practical advantage over previously studied linear or tandem helical peptides. Encouragingly, a two-week exploratory efficacy study in a widely used animal model for atherosclerosis research (LDLr-null mice) using nanoparticles constructed from a trimeric peptide demonstrated an exceptional 50% reduction in the plasma total cholesterol levels compared to the control group. Altogether, the studies reported here point to an attractive avenue for designing synthetic, HDL-like nanoparticles, with potential for treating atherosclerosis.
Cytotoxic T cells clear virus but augment lung pathology in mice infected with respiratory syncytial virus. (1988)

We have examined the function of class I MHC-restricted cytotoxic T cells in experimental respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection of BALB/c mice by transfer of T cell line MJC-A2 and CTL clone E8a into RSV-infected mice. The T cell line cleared pulmonary RSV infection within 5 d in persistently infected gamma-irradiated mice, but caused acute respiratory disease. This was only seen in infected mice and was often lethal after transfer of greater than 3 x 10(6) CTL. Lower numbers of CTL produced less severe disease but still cleared lung RSV, albeit over a longer time course (up to 10 d). Clearance of lung RSV in immunocompetent mice by the T cell line and CTL clone was again accompanied by acute and sometimes lethal respiratory disease. Bronchoalveolar lavage showed severe lung hemorrhage and frequent neutrophil efflux in mice with CTL-augmented disease.
Tomlinson-Harashima Precoding with Stream Combiners for MU-MIMO with Rate-Splitting (2021)

This paper introduces multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) architectures based on non-linear precoding and stream combining techniques using rate-splitting (RS), where the transmitter often has only partial knowledge of the channel state information (CSI). In contrast to existing works, we consider deployments where the receivers may be equipped with multiple antennas. This allows us to employ linear combining techniques based on the Min-Max, the maximum ratio and the minimum mean-square error criteria along with Tomlinson-Harashima precoders (THP) for RS-based MU-MIMO systems to enhance the sum-rate performance. Moreover, we incorporate the Multi-Branch (MB) concept into the RS architecture to further improve the sum-rate performance. Closed-form expressions for the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio and the sum-rate at the receiver end are devised through statistical analysis. Simulation results show that the proposed RS-THP schemes achieve better performance than conventional linear and THP precoders.
Characterization of Deepwater Natural Gas Samples. Part 1: 78 % Methane Mixture with Heavy Components (2010)

High-accuracy density measurement data are necessary to develop and validate equations of state (EoS) for use in custody transfer of natural gas through pipelines. The development of AGA8-DC92, which is the current industry standard EoS, used a databank of natural gas mixtures with compositions containing up to 0.2 mole fraction of the heavier C6+ fraction and should predict densities of natural gas mixtures containing higher mole fractions of the C6+ fraction with the same accuracy. With advances in exploration, drilling, and production, natural gas streams containing higher percentages of the C6+ fraction have become available from the deep-water and ultradeep-water Gulf of Mexico in recent years. High-accuracy density data for such natural gas mixtures are necessary to check if AGA8-DC92 covers the entire range of pressure, temperature, and composition encountered in custody transfer. An isochoric apparatus allows the performance of precise and fast measurements through a fully automated procedure over wide pressure and temperature ranges especially around the cricondentherm (CT) and the cricondenbar (CB) of the sample of interest. A systematic study in the vicinity of CT and CB for deep-water natural gas samples is extremely important. Accurate CT and CB measurements help the gas industry avoid retrograde condensation in natural gas pipelines. This work examines a synthetic natural gas sample containing 0.78 mole fraction of methane. A state-of-the-art, high-pressure, high-temperature, compact single-sinker magnetic suspension densimeter provides density measurements. A compact isochoric apparatus provides phase envelope measurements.
An adaptive performance modeling tool for GPU architectures (2010)

This paper presents an analytical model to predict the performance of general-purpose applications on a GPU architecture. The model is designed to provide performance information to an auto-tuning compiler and assist it in narrowing down the search to the more promising implementations. It can also be incorporated into a tool to help programmers better assess the performance bottlenecks in their code. We analyze each GPU kernel and identify how the kernel exercises major GPU microarchitecture features. To identify the performance bottlenecks accurately, we introduce an abstract interpretation of a GPU kernel, work flow graph , based on which we estimate the execution time of a GPU kernel. We validated our performance model on the NVIDIA GPUs using CUDA (Compute Unified Device Architecture). For this purpose, we used data parallel benchmarks that stress different GPU microarchitecture events such as uncoalesced memory accesses, scratch-pad memory bank conflicts, and control flow divergence, which must be accurately modeled but represent challenges to the analytical performance models. The proposed model captures full system complexity and shows high accuracy in predicting the performance trends of different optimized kernel implementations. We also describe our approach to extracting the performance model automatically from a kernel code.
Untersuchung der hydrothermalen Spaltung von Lignin / Produktabtrennung (2008)

S.1269-1270
Photopolymerization system with microgel matrix: application to visible-laser-recording materials and effects of microgel on rate of photopolymerization (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotopolymerization system with microgel matrix: application to visible-laser-recording materials and effects of microgel on rate of photopolymerizationNobumasa Sasa and Tsuguo YamaokaCite this: Chem. Mater. 1993, 5, 10, 1434–1438Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cm00034a012https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00034a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views176Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Thermographic measurement of thermal barrier coating thickness (2005)

Flash thermography is widely used to inspect Thermal Barrier Coatings (TBC) during manufacturing and maintenance for defects such as delamination or contamination. However, attempts to use thermography to quantify TBC thickness have been less successful. In conventional thermographic NDT applications, the sample surface is opaque to an incident light pulse, and highly emissive in the infrared. The situation is more complex in TBC's, as the coatings are translucent to visible light and near-IR radiation (including the IR component of the flash). Furthermore, TBC's are translucent to the mid-IR wavelengths at which many IR cameras operate. Thus, in the absolute worst case, the flash pulse does not heat the coating, and the camera does not see the coating. Although the latter problem can be mitigated by judicious choice of camera wavelength, it must also be recognized that both the heating and cooling mechanisms in a flash-heated TBC are different from the usual thermography model, where transit time of a heat pulse from the sample surface to a layer interface is an indicator of coating thickness. The resulting time sequence is processed using the Thermographic Signal Reconstruction to generate thickness maps which are accurate to an accuracy of a few percent of the actual coating thickness.