gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Does geographical location influence inflow requirements of the Bain breathing system? (1984)

A review of publications from various countries, using the Bain system with a fresh gas flow of 70 ml kg-1 min-1 and controlled ventilation, show a range of mean PaCO2 values between 36 and 43 mmHg. It was suggested that these differences could be related to the geographic location of the patient population studied. Anaesthetists from seven institutions in West Germany, England, Sweden, the United States, Australia and Canada collaborated in a preliminary study designed to find out whether these differences could be reduplicated. In 142 patients under a standard anaesthesia with controlled ventilation, PaCO2 values were determined 30 min after the fresh gas flows had been set. For 70 ml kg-1 min-1 the mean PaCO2 values ranged from 33 to 40 mmHg; for 100 ml kg-1 min-1 from 28 to 35 mmHg. Compared to the mean PaCO2 values from Canada, the results from Australia and the USA were not different and all at the lower end of this range; Sweden, West Germany and England reported significantly higher PaCO2 values. In the absence of any other obvious explanation, we suggest that patients in England and Northern Europe could have a higher CO2 output under anaesthesia than North American or Australian patients.
Analysis of Incision Sites Produced by Human Cell Extracts and Purified Proteins during Nucleotide Excision Repair of a 1,3-Intrastrand d(GpTpG)-Cisplatin Adduct (1996)

Nucleotide excision repair by mammalian enzymes removes DNA damage as part of approximately 30-mer oligonucleotides by incising phosphodiester bonds on either side of a lesion. We analyzed this dual incision reaction at a single 1,3-intrastrand d(GpTpG)-cisplatin cross-link in a closed circular duplex DNA substrate. Incisions were formed in the DNA with human cell extracts in which DNA repair synthesis was inhibited. The nicks were mapped by restriction fragment end labeling and primer extension analysis. Principal sites of cleavage were identified at the 9th phosphodiester bond 3' to the lesion and at the 16th phosphodiester bond 5' to the lesion. The predominant product was found to be a 26-mer platinated oligonucleotide by hybridization to a 32P-labeled complementary DNA probe. Oligonucleotides were formed at the same rate as the 3' cleavage, suggesting that both incisions are made in a near-synchronous manner. There was, however, a low frequency of 5' incisions in the absence of 3' cleavage. The dual incision reaction was reconstituted using the purified mammalian proteins XPA, RPA, XPC, TFIIH, XPG, and a fraction containing ERCC1-XPF and IF7. All of these components were required in order to observe any cleavage.
Efficiently generating test vectors with state pruning (2005)

This paper extends the depth first search (DFS) used in the previously proposed witness string method for generating efficient test vectors. A state pruning method is added that exploits different search heuristics in simultaneous searches. Using an IBM Power4 multiprocessor system with the Berkeley Active Message library, we show that this new method of state pruning is efficient and produces quantitatively better witness strings compared to both pure and guided DFS.
Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Green Tea Catechins for Prostate Cancer Prevention (2015)

Preclinical, epidemiologic, and prior clinical trial data suggest that green tea catechins (GTC) may reduce prostate cancer risk. We conducted a placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial of Polyphenon E (PolyE), a proprietary mixture of GTCs, containing 400 mg (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) per day, in 97 men with high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) and/or atypical small acinar proliferation (ASAP). The primary study endpoint was a comparison of the cumulative one-year prostate cancer rates on the two study arms. No differences in the number of prostate cancer cases were observed: 5 of 49 (PolyE) versus 9 of 48 (placebo), P = 0.25. A secondary endpoint comparing the cumulative rate of prostate cancer plus ASAP among men with HGPIN without ASAP at baseline, revealed a decrease in this composite endpoint: 3 of 26 (PolyE) versus 10 of 25 (placebo), P < 0.024. This finding was driven by a decrease in ASAP diagnoses on the Poly E (0/26) compared with the placebo arm (5/25). A decrease in serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) was observed on the PolyE arm [-0.87 ng/mL; 95% confidence intervals (CI), -1.66 to -0.09]. Adverse events related to the study agent did not significantly differ between the two study groups. Daily intake of a standardized, decaffeinated catechin mixture containing 400 mg EGCG per day for 1 year accumulated in plasma and was well tolerated but did not reduce the likelihood of prostate cancer in men with baseline HGPIN or ASAP.
High contrast switching of distributed-feedback lasing in dye-doped H-PDLC transmission grating structures (2005)

Electrically switched distributed-feedback (DFB) lasing action is presented in a Pyrromethene 580 lasing dye-doped holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal (H-PDLC) transmission grating structure. This design, when compared with the previously utilized H-PDLC reflection grating structure, has the advantage of a greatly enlarged gain length (10 mm) and a low concentration of liquid crystal (20%) while maintaining sufficient refractive index modulation. The experimental results demonstrate that the emitted laser bandwidth (~5 nm) can be obtained with a pump energy threshold of ~0.3 mJ at three different wavelengths, 561 nm, 569 nm and 592 nm, corresponding to three different grating spacings. The near- and far-field measurements have shown a high directionality of the lasing output. The lasing can be electrically switched off by an applied field of 30V/mum. The temporal, spectral, and output/input properties of the laser output are also presented.
The effect of emicizumab prophylaxis on long‐term, self‐reported physical health in persons with haemophilia A without factor VIII inhibitors in the HAVEN 3 and HAVEN 4 studies (2021)

Emicizumab prophylaxis in PwHA without FVIII inhibitors resulted in persistent and meaningful improvements in Haem-A-QoL PH and less work disruption than previous treatment.
Neuroblastoma cells injected into experimental mature teratoma reveal a tropism for embryonic loose mesenchyme (2013)

Embryonic neural tumors are responsible for a disproportionate number of cancer deaths in children. Although dramatic improvements in survival for pediatric malignancy has been achieved in previous years advancements seem to be slowing down. For the development of new enhanced therapy and an increased understanding of the disease, pre-clinical models better capturing the neoplastic niche are essential. Tumors of early childhood present in this respect a particular challenge. Here, we explore how components of the embryonic process in stem‑cell induced mature teratoma can function as an experimental in vivo microenvironment instigating the growth of injected childhood neuroblastoma (NB) cell lines. Three human NB cell lines, IMR-32, Kelly and SK-N-BE(2), were injected into mature pluripotent stem cell‑induced teratoma (PSCT) and compared to xenografts of the same cell lines. Proliferative NB cells from all lines were readily detected in both models with a typical histology of a poorly differentiated NB tumor with a variable amount of fibrovascular stroma. Uniquely in the PSCT microenvironment, NB cells were found integrated in a non‑random fashion. Neuroblastoma cells were never observed in areas with well-differentiated somatic tissue i.e. bone, muscle, gut or areas of other easily identifiable tissue types. Instead, the three cell lines all showed initial growth exclusively occurring in the embryonic loose mesenchymal stroma, resulting in a histology recapitulating NB native presentation in vivo. Whether this reflects the 'open' nature of loose mesenchyme more easily giving space to new cells compared to other more dense tissues, the rigidity of matrix providing physical cues modulating NB characteristics, or if embryonic loose mesenchyme may supply developmental cues that attracted or promoted the integration of NB, remains to be tested. We tentatively hypothesize that mature PSCT provide an embryonic niche well suited for in vivo studies on NB.
Synthesis and thermal transitions of a soluble, main chain, nematic liquid crystalline polymer exhibiting a kinetically trapped, disordered structure (1996)

An aromatic copolyester composed of 25 mol % phenyl hydroquinone, 10 mol % isophthalic acid, 40 mol % chloroterephthalic acid, and 25 mol % t-butyl hydroquinone (PICT) has been synthesized. This amorphous, glassy polymer is soluble in common organic solvents such as methylene chloride. Thin, solution-cast films may be prepared which are in a metastable, vitrified, optically isotropic state. On first heating of an isotropic film at 20°C/min in a calorimeter, one glass transition is observed at low temperature (approximately 49°C) and is ascribed to the glass/rubber transition of the metastable, isotropic polymer. This thermal event is followed by a small exotherm due to the development of order during the scan, which results in a second Tg at approximately 125°C. This Tg is associated with the glass/rubber transition of the ordered polymer. Nematic order can be developed by thermal annealing. The lower Tg increases toward the upper Tg as annealing time is increased. For an initially isotropic film annealed at 90°C, the increase of the lower Tg with annealing time and the increase in birefringence observed by optical microscopy are governed by similar kinetics. Isotropization occurs in the temperature range of 250–300°C. The nematic polymer is slightly more dense than its isotropic analog. No detectable differences between isotropic and nematic samples were observed in rotating frame proton spin lattice relaxation times. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Different states of synaptotagmin regulate evoked versus spontaneous release (2016)

The tandem C2-domains of synaptotagmin 1 (syt) function as Ca(2+)-binding modules that trigger exocytosis; in the absence of Ca(2+), syt inhibits spontaneous release. Here, we used proline linkers to constrain and alter the relative orientation of these C2-domains. Short poly-proline helices have a period of three, so large changes in the relative disposition of the C2-domains result from changing the length of the poly-proline linker by a single residue. The length of the linker was varied one residue at a time, revealing a periodicity of three for the ability of the linker mutants to interact with anionic phospholipids and drive evoked synaptic transmission; syt efficiently drove exocytosis when its tandem C2-domains pointed in the same direction. Analysis of spontaneous release revealed a reciprocal relationship between the activation and clamping activities of the linker mutants. Hence, different structural states of syt underlie the control of distinct forms of synaptic transmission.
Integrated High-Frequency Power Converters Based on GaAs pHEMT: Technology Characterization and Design Examples (2011)

The potential of GaAs pHEMT technology for high-frequency power-switching applications is discussed within the context of integrated power supplies for portable wireless systems. Various technology considerations are presented, including the optimization of the power-switching transistor and passives integration. Two design examples for integrated dc-dc converters are implemented in a 0.5-μm GaAs E/D pHEMT process. The first uses coupled inductors to reduce the current ripple and enhance the dynamic performance of the converter. The two-phase, 0.5 A/phase converter occupies 2 mm × 2.1 mm without the output network. An 8.7-nH filter coupled inductor is implemented in 65-μm-thick top copper metal layer, and flip-chip bonded to the dc-dc converter board. The presented converter converts 4.5-V input to 3.3-V output at 150-MHz switching frequency with a measured power efficiency of 84%, which is one of the highest efficiencies reported to date for similar current/voltage ratings. The second example is a hysteric controlled, 100-MHz switching frequency single-phase GaAs pHEMT buck converter designed to drive power amplifier loads. The design can deliver up to 37-dB·m output power and has a peak efficiency of 88% and a 3-dB bandwidth of 14.5 MHz.
OUTCOMES AFTER FIRST‐LINE IMMUNOCHEMOTHERAPY FOR PRIMARY MEDIASTINAL B CELL LYMPHOMA PATIENTS: A LYSA STUDY (2021)

Introduction: Primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma (PMBL) is a rare subtype of aggressive lymphoma typically affecting young female patients. The first-line standard of care remains debated. Methods: We performed a large multicenter retrospective study in 25 centers in France and Belgium to describe PMBL patient outcomes after first-line treatment in real-life settings. All adult patients with newly diagnosed PMBL treated in France and Belgium by participating Lymphoma Study Association (LYSA) centers from 01/01/2007 to 31/12/2017 were identified from local databases. The inclusion criteria were as follows: first-line treatment with ACVBP or CHOP plus anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, PET performed at baseline and the patient's non-opposition statement. Primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS) and secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS) and baseline total metabolic tumor volume (TMTV) using the 41% SUVmax threshold method. Results: Three hundred thirteen patients were enrolled and received rituximab (R) plus ACVBP (n = 180) or CHOP delivered every 14 (R-CHOP14, n = 76) or 21 days (R-CHOP21, n = 57) and consolidation strategies in modalities that varied according to time and institution, mainly guided by positron emission tomography. Consolidation autologous stem cell transplantation was performed for 46 (25.6%), 24 (31.6%) and one (1.8%) patients in the R-ACVBP, R-CHOP14 and R-CHOP21 groups, respectively (p < 0.001); only 17 (5.4%) patients received mediastinal radiotherapy. The end-of-treatment complete metabolic response rates were 86.3%, 86.8% and 76.6% (p = 0.23) in the R-ACVBP, R-CHOP14 and R-CHOP21 groups, respectively. The median follow-up was 44 (1-153) months, and the R-ACVBP, R-CHOP14 and R-CHOP21 3-year PFS and OS were 89.4% (84.8-94.2%), 89.4% (82.7-96.6%), and 74.7% (95% CI: 64-87.1%), (p = 0.018, Figure 1A), respectively; and 92.4% (88.4-96.7%), 100% (100-100%), and 87.5% (78.6-97.6%), (p = 0.0036, Figure 1B), respectively. Baseline TMTV≥360 cm3 was associated with a lower PFS (hazard ratio = 2.18 [1.05-4.53]). Excess febrile neutropenia (24.4% vs 5.3% vs 5.3%, p < 0.001) and mucositis (22.8% vs 3.9% vs 1.8%, p < 0.001) were observed with R-ACVBP compared to R-CHOP regimens. Conclusion: PMBL patients treated with dose-dense immunochemotherapy without radiotherapy have excellent outcomes. R-ACVBP acute toxicity was higher than that of R-CHOP14. Our data confirmed the prognostic importance of the baseline TMTV. Progression-free survival (PFs) and Overall Survival (OS) according to ACVBP, CHOP14 and CHOP21 plus anti-CD20 treatment groups The research was funded by: grants from the Centre Henri Becquerel and the Ligue Contre le Cancer (Comité de la Manche). Keywords: Aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma No conflicts of interests pertinent to the abstract.
Report on the Design Automation Conference (DAC 2021) (2022)

<bold xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Welcome to the</b> 58th Design Automation Conference (DAC). DAC was held at the Moscone Center West, San Francisco, CA, USA, on December 5–9, 2021, and it was great to be back in the beautiful city by the bay for a live event. This year, the DAC Executive Committee experienced many firsts with respect to planning the conference. It was the first DAC to be rescheduled from its normal summer timeframe to December due to COVID-19. It was the first DAC to colocate with both the RISC-V Summit and SEMICON West. And it was the first DAC to go hybrid with both a live and virtual component.
The changes of the stromal elastotic framework in the growth of peripheral lung adenocarcinomas. (1996)

In the early development of peripheral adenocarcinoma, there is preservation of the elastotic framework (Type 1) of the stroma due to contraction and thickening of the alveolar walls. As the tumors grow, the elastotic framework is disrupted (Type 2), indicating stromal invasion. Based on the clinicopathologic findings and the outcome, Type 1 tumors may be in situ peripheral lung adenocarcinomas.
Using Magnetic Field Gradients to Shorten the Antigen-Antibody Reaction Time for a Magnetic Immunoassay (2019)

The measurement of biological targets using nanoparticle magnetic markers has been extensively studied for its applications in magnetic immunoassays (MIAs). Compared with the optical immunoassay method, the MIA methods have some attractive characteristics such as a wash-free process that does not need bound/free marker separation and the ability to detect biological targets in a nebulous liquid. In addition, the wash-free process is very fast. In this paper, we tried to reduce the reaction time for the antigen-antibody reaction in order to make the MIA method more attractive. The reduction in reaction time and the detection characteristic of biological targets were demonstrated using C-reactive proteins (CRPs) as biological targets for diagnosing inflammation. To shorten the reaction time, a magnetic-shaking method using the magnetic field gradient from a neodymium magnet was developed. When comparing the reaction times with and without magnetic shaking, it was found that the reaction time decreased with magnetic shaking for all CRP concentrations. Even after the magnetic-shaking treatment, the dependence of the CRP concentration on the magnetic signal was observed. The number of surface modifications per magnetic marker and the magnetic marker concentration also affected the reaction time. In order to obtain the desired measurement range based on the CRP response characteristic, it is necessary to optimize the number of magnetic markers and polymer beads used.
THE SIMULATED COUI!TERCURREZ!" IlOVING BED CHROMATOGRAPHIC REACTOR (1990)

The simulated countercurrent moving bed chromatographic reactor (SCMCR) is a device for carrying out chemical reaction and separation simultaneously in a fixed bed. It mimics the behavior of a countercurrent moving bed, in which a stream of solids flows countercurrent to an inert fluid and past a stationary reactant inlet, by periodically changing feed locations sequentially along a fixed bed. True countercurrent motion is thus replaced by a periodic motion, while overcoming the problems of solids handling and attrition inherent in moving bed operations, as well as avoiding the flow channeling that would be attendant with scaleup to large column diameters. The present investigations seek to determine to what extent the moving bed reactor advantages of high product purity and favorable equilibrium shifts are retained in SCMCR operations. Two configurations of the SCMCR, a single fixed bed having a series of inlets and outlets along its length, and a series of columns with an inlet or outlet between each, are considered. Model calculations predict that both configurations give high purity product streams and nearly unit conversions of the equilibrium limited reaction.
44.1: Invited Paper: Fabrication and Electro‐Optic Characteristics of Polymer‐Stabilized V‐Mode FLCD and Intrinsic H‐V‐Mode FLCD: Their Application to Field Sequential Full Color Active Matrix LCDs (2003)

Abstract Defect free polymer‐stabilized (PS‐)V‐mode FLCDs and intrinsic half (H‐)V‐mode FLCDs have been fabricated; they exhibit high contrast ratio over 700:1 and high reliability for a temperature cycling test by using especially developed polyimide alignment materials, RN‐1199 and RN‐1411 series, and also by adopting special alignment technique such as appropriate rubbing technique, photoalignment, and ion beam irradiation techniques and also particularly developed polymer‐stabilization technique. We have developed several prototype models of field sequential fullcolor (FS‐FC) LCDs having VGA and XGA specifications that exhibit good performance for displaying fast moving video‐rate images with wide viewing angle and wide color gamut taking advantage of the fast switching speed of FLCDs with the time constant of τ = 100μs ∼500μs.
Isolation of Cyclopropenylidene–Lithium Adducts: The Weiss–Yoshida Reagent (2006)

Luck is important: In the 1970s, Yoshida and Weiss both had the right cyclopropenium cation precursor. With the right counteranion, they would have isolated the first carbene–lithium adduct (see scheme; C black, N blue, O red, Li pink, B yellow, F green). With the right base and counteranion combination, they would have isolated the first stable free carbene.
DNA prime–protein boost strategies protect cattle from bovine viral diarrhea virus type 2 challenge (2008)

At present, infections with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) type 2 occur nearly as frequently as those with BVDV type 1, so development of vaccines that protect cattle from both type 1 and type 2 BVDV has become critical. In this study, we compared various DNA prime-protein boost vaccination strategies to protect cattle from challenge with BVDV-2 using the major protective antigen of BVDV, glycoprotein E2. Calves were immunized with a plasmid encoding either type 1 E2 (E2.1) or type 2 E2 (E2.2) or with both plasmids (E2.1+E2.2). This was followed by a heterologous boost with E2.1, E2.2 or E2.1 and E2.2 protein formulated with Emulsigen and a CpG oligodeoxynucleotide. Subsequently, the calves were challenged with BVDV-2 strain 1373. All vaccinated calves developed both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses, including virus-neutralizing antibodies and IFN-gamma-secreting cells in the peripheral blood. Depletion studies showed that CD4+ T cells were responsible for IFN-gamma production. Furthermore, the calves vaccinated with either the E2.2 or the E2.1+E2.2 vaccines were very well protected from challenge with BVDV-2, having little leukopenia and showing no weight loss or temperature response. In addition, the animals vaccinated with the E2.1 vaccine were partially protected, so there was a certain level of cross-protection. These data demonstrate that a vaccination strategy consisting of priming with E2.2 or E2.1+E2.2 DNA and boosting with E2.2 or E2.1+E2.2 protein fully protects cattle from BVDV-2 challenge.
LEAKAGE CURRENT REDUCTION IN VLSI SYSTEMS (2002)

There is a growing need to analyze and optimize the stand-by component of power in digital circuits designed for portable and battery-powered applications. Since these circuits remain in stand-by (or sleep) mode significantly longer than in active mode, their stand-by current, and not their active switching current, determines their battery life. Hence, stringent specifications are being placed on the stand-by (or leakage) current drawn by such devices. As the power supply voltage is reduced, the threshold voltage of transistors is scaled down to maintain a constant switching speed. Since reducing the threshold voltage increases the leakage of a device exponentially, leakage current has become a dominant factor in the design of VLSI circuits. In this paper, we describe a method that uses simultaneous dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) and adaptive body biasing (ABB) to reduce the total power consumption of a processor under dynamic computational workloads. Analytical models of the leakage current, dynamic power, and frequency as a function of supply voltage and body bias are derived and verified with SPICE simulation. Given these models, we show how to derive an analytical expression for the optimal trade-off between supply voltage and body bias, given a required clock frequency and duration of operation. The proposed method is then applied to a processor and is compared with DVS alone for workloads obtained using real-time monitoring of processor utilization for four typical applications.