gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In Vivo Imaging of Transplanted Islets with 64Cu-DO3A-VS-Cys40-Exendin-4 by Targeting GLP-1 Receptor (2011)

Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) is highly expressed in pancreatic islets, especially on β-cells. Therefore, a properly labeled ligand that binds to GLP-1R could be used for in vivo pancreatic islet imaging. Because native GLP-1 is degraded rapidly by dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV), a more stable agonist of GLP-1 such as Exendin-4 is a preferred imaging agent. In this study, DO3A-VS-Cys(40)-Exendin-4 was prepared through the conjugation of DO3A-VS with Cys(40)-Exendin-4. The in vitro binding affinity of DO3A-VS-Cys(40)-Exendin-4 was evaluated in INS-1 cells, which overexpress GLP-1R. After (64)Cu labeling, biodistribution studies and microPET imaging of (64)Cu-DO3A-VS-Cys(40)-Exendin-4 were performed on both subcutaneous INS-1 tumors and islet transplantation models. The subcutaneous INS-1 tumor was clearly visualized with microPET imaging after the injection of (64)Cu-DO3A-VS-Cys(40)-Exendin-4. GLP-1R positive organs, such as pancreas and lung, showed high uptake. Tumor uptake was saturable, reduced dramatically by a 20-fold excess of unlabeled Exendin-4. In the intraportal islet transplantation models, (64)Cu-DO3A-VS-Cys(40)-Exendin-4 demonstrated almost two times higher uptake compared with normal mice. (64)Cu-DO3A-VS-Cys(40)-Exendin-4 demonstrated persistent and specific uptake in the mouse pancreas, the subcutaneous insulinoma mouse model, and the intraportal human islet transplantation mouse model. This novel PET probe may be suitable for in vivo pancreatic islets imaging in the human.
Field trial on removal of petroleum‐hydrocarbon pollutants using a microbial consortium for bioremediation and rhizoremediation (2014)

Petroleum waste sludges are toxic and dangerous that is why environmental protection agencies have declared their treatment top priority. Physicochemical treatments are expensive and environmentally unfriendly, while alternative biological treatments are less costly but, in general, work at a slower pace. An in situ bioremediation and rhizoremediation field scale trial was performed in an area contaminated with oil refinery sludge under semiarid climate. The bioremediation and rhizoremediation treatments included the use of an artificial consortium made up of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria,and the combined use of the mentioned consortium along with pasture plants respectively. Rhizoremediation revealed that the development of vegetation favoured the evolution of indigenous microbiota with potential to remove petroleum wastes. This was inferred as the decline of total petroleum hydrocarbons 7 months after the biological treatment.
The three NADH dehydrogenases of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Their roles in energy metabolism and links to virulence (2021)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a ubiquitous opportunistic pathogen which relies on a highly adaptable metabolism to achieve broad pathogenesis. In one example of this flexibility, to catalyze the NADH:quinone oxidoreductase step of the respiratory chain, P. aeruginosa has three different enzymes: NUO, NQR and NDH2, all of which carry out the same redox function but have different energy conservation and ion transport properties. In order to better understand the roles of these enzymes, we constructed two series of mutants: (i) three single deletion mutants, each of which lacks one NADH dehydrogenase and (ii) three double deletion mutants, each of which retains only one of the three enzymes. All of the mutants grew approximately as well as wild type, when tested in rich and minimal medium and in a range of pH and [Na+] conditions, except that the strain with only NUO (ΔnqrFΔndh) has an extended lag phase. During exponential phase, the NADH dehydrogenases contribute to total wild-type activity in the following order: NQR > NDH2 > NUO. Some mutants, including the strain without NQR (ΔnqrF) had increased biofilm formation, pyocyanin production, and killed more efficiently in both macrophage and mouse infection models. Consistent with this, ΔnqrF showed increased transcription of genes involved in pyocyanin production.
Manifold Based Analysis of Facial Expression (2005)

We propose a novel approach for modeling, tracking and recognizing facial expressions. Our method works on a low dimensional expression manifold, which is obtained by Isomap embedding. In this space, facial contour features are first clustered, using a mixture model. Then, expression dynamics are learned for tracking and classification. We use ICondensation to track facial features in the embedded space, while recognizing facial expressions in a cooperative manner, within a common probabilistic framework. The image observation likelihood is derived from a variation of the Active Shape Model (ASM) algorithm. For each cluster in the low-dimensional space, a specific ASM model is learned, thus avoiding incorrect matching due to non-linear image variations. Preliminary experimental results show that our probabilistic facial expression model on manifold significantly improves facial deformation tracking and expression recognition.
Evolution of optical modulation using majority carrier plasma dispersion effect in SOI (2008)

Silicon Photonics has the potential to revolutionise a whole raft of application areas. Currently, the main focus is on various forms of optical interconnects as this is a near term bottleneck for the computing industry, and hence this application area is high profile. However, adoption of silicon photonics for such a mass production area would also significantly benefit a range of other application areas. One of the key components that will enable silicon photonics to flourish in all of the potential application areas is a high performance optical modulator. Therefore we will propose what is in our view the need for optical modulation in silicon on insulator, the concept of optical modulation in silicon and its principles, and we discuss different devices, as well as how they evolved, in order to achieve the required target driven by high integration.
Elastic strain relaxation in free-standing SiGe/Si structures (2004)

We have investigated elastic strain relaxation, i.e., strain relaxation without the introduction of dislocations or other defects, in free-standing SiGe/Si structures. We fabricated free-standing Si layers supported at a single point by an SiO2 pedestal and subsequently grew an epitaxial SiGe layer. The measured strain relaxation of the SiGe layer agrees well with that calculated using a force-balance model for strain sharing between the SiGe and strained Si layers. We report strained Si layers with biaxial tensile strain equal to 0.007 and 0.012.
Non‐dispersive absorption for CO2 capture: from the laboratory to industry (2011)

Abstract Research on capture and recovery of CO 2 has become a critical topic in the development of technological answers to the greenhouse effect. Conventional industrial processes do not fit into the philosophy of process intensification in which a radically new approach should lead to environmentally friendly methods with minimal use of natural resources and production of secondary waste. Conventional processes involve the use of large amounts of toxic organic solvents, such as diethylamine, and large equipment (e.g. absorption columns). Although CO 2 recovery began in industrial operation more than fifty years ago and, in spite of the clear potential for intensified processes demonstrated in the scientific literature, there is no real evidence that new processes for CO 2 recovery will achieve industrial implementation in the short term. In this perspective, the main limitations of membrane systems based on non‐dispersive absorption using porous membranes are outlined, in order to identify the main challenges that still have to be solved to achieve an industrially attractive process for CO 2 recovery. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Renal Resistive Index as a Predictor of Acute Kidney Injury and Mortality in COVID-19 Critically Ill Patients (2021)

Critical care ultrasonography is a noninvasive, reproducible, and accurate bedside method that has proven its usefulness. An elevated RRI may have a role in predicting AKI, RRT initiation, and mortality in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia.
Assessing hazards and risks at the Department of the Interior—A workshop report (2019)

In summary, the workshop achieved the goals of understanding (1) how risk information is used by DOI Bureaus and Offices, (2) the data potentially provided by DOI Bureaus and Offices, and (3) what other data and risk products might be useful. The workshop also helped identify future directions for the SHIRA Project that could be implemented with additional resources. Most importantly, the February 2018 workshop demonstrated that there was broad interest in risk analysis across the DOI which may lead to additional collaborations and opportunities.
One-pot catalytic asymmetric borylation of unsaturated aldehyde-derived imines; functionalisation to homoallylic boronate carboxylate ester derivatives (2015)

The β-borylation reaction of α,β-unsaturated aldehyde-derived imines, formed in situ, has been studied using a one-pot methodology, as a route to β-boryl aldehydes. The instability of the β-boryl aldehydes meant that derivatisation was required and routes to both acetal derivatives and homoallylic boronates were examined. β-Boryl acetals were also found to be unstable, however, the formation of homoallylic boronate derivatives using an in situ imine hydrolysis-Wittig olefination protocol was found to be suitable, resulting in an efficient synthesis with high enantiomeric excesses.
Evaluation of new algorithms for the interactive measurement of surface area and volume (1994)

The maximum unit normal component (MUNC) method used for surface area measurement and the divergence theorem algorithm (DTA) used for volume measurement were evaluated. The accuracy and precision of these methods were investigated at varying signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs), sampling, spatial averaging, and orientation. The accuracy of the MUNC measured surface area, as indicated by the mean error, was 2.0% for seven spherical samples, with SNRs ranging from 5:1 to 39:1. The precision, as indicated by the percent coefficient of variation (% CV) for these samples, was less than 3.0%. Likewise, the accuracy and precision of the DTA measured volume for these samples were both less than 1.0%. MUNC surface area measurement from 23 samples of a computed tomography (CT) image of a wooden sphere (51.44-mm diameter) with x,y voxel size ranging from 1 to 10 mm and z voxel size ranging from 2 to 14 mm yielded an accuracy of 1.3% and a precision of 2.2%. The DTA volume measurements from 18 samples of the wooden sphere with x,y vowel size ranging from 1 to 8 mm and z size ranging from 2 to 14 mm provided an accuracy of 1.2% and a precision of 1.8%. Measurement of surface area for a cylindrical rod scanned by CT in five different orientations, ranging from along each axis to between all three axes, yielded an accuracy of 3.7% and a precision of 2.0%. The volume of the cylindrical rod measured by the DTA method for these orientations produced an accuracy of 4.0% and a precision of 3.7%. The volume measured by DTA compared well with the volume measured by a modified voxel counting method. The MUNC surface area method was superior to counting surface voxels. The accuracy and precision for five interactive surface area and volume measurements, using paired cut planes to select subsets of a computer-generated sphere with radius 25 pixels, were both less than 1.0%.
Assignment of gene(s) for cell transformation to human chromosome 7 carrying the simian virus 40 genome. (1975)

Somatic cell hybrid clones between either C57BL/6 or Balb/c mouse peritoneal macrophages and two different simian virus 40 (SV40)-transformed human cell lines deficient in hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.8; IMP:pyrophosphate phosphoribosyltransferase) were obtained in hypoxanthine-aminopterin-thymidine selective medium. All the hybrid cell clones contained the human chromosome 7, which carries the SV40 genome, and were SV40 tumor (T)-antigen positive. No hybrid cell clones studied displayed the density-dependent inhibition of cell growth characteristic of normal cells; all clones had a high saturation density and gave origin to cell colonies when plated in soft agar. Since the expression of the transformed phenotype was always associated with the presence of the human chromosome 7, which carries the SV40 genome, it is concluded that this chromosome contains gene(s) [Tr gene(s)] coding for "transforming factor(s)."
Fault isolation in multicast trees (2000)

Fault isolation has received little attention in the Internet research literature. We take a step towards addressing this deficiency, exploring robust and scalable techniques by which multicast receivers can (in some cases, approximately) locate the on-tree router responsible for a route change, or the link responsible for significant packet loss. A common property of our techniques is that receivers with overlapped paths coordinate to share the responsibility of monitoring paths to the source. Our techniques assume no additional path monitoring capability other than that provided by multicast traceroute (mtrace).
A 0.35&#x223C;6.25 GHz cognitive radio frequency synthesizer architecture (2013)

This work presents a frequency synthesizer architecture that can be used in cognitive radio applications. It generates carrier frequencies that are distributed into sixteen continuous sub-bands covering the entire supported frequency range. The proposed architecture covers a frequency range between 350 MHz and 6.25 GHz. The new architecture incorporates a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) realized in 0.13µm CMOS technology with varactors and a switched inductor in order to achieve a simulated tuning range from 4.75 GHz to 6.25 GHz (27.3%) and from 3.25 GHz to 4.25 GHz (26.7%). The loop bandwidth of the phase locked loop (PLL) is 891 KHz whereas the switching time between bands is 5.75 ns. At 5.5 GHz, the simulated synthesizer phase noise is of −111 dBc/Hz at a 1 MHz offset frequency.
Genome-Scale Reconstruction of Escherichia coli's Transcriptional and Translational Machinery: A Knowledge Base, Its Mathematical Formulation, and Its Functional Characterization (2009)

Metabolic network reconstructions represent valuable scaffolds for '-omics' data integration and are used to computationally interrogate network properties. However, they do not explicitly account for the synthesis of macromolecules (i.e., proteins and RNA). Here, we present the first genome-scale, fine-grained reconstruction of Escherichia coli's transcriptional and translational machinery, which produces 423 functional gene products in a sequence-specific manner and accounts for all necessary chemical transformations. Legacy data from over 500 publications and three databases were reviewed, and many pathways were considered, including stable RNA maturation and modification, protein complex formation, and iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis. This reconstruction represents the most comprehensive knowledge base for these important cellular functions in E. coli and is unique in its scope. Furthermore, it was converted into a mathematical model and used to: (1) quantitatively integrate gene expression data as reaction constraints and (2) compute functional network states, which were compared to reported experimental data. For example, the model predicted accurately the ribosome production, without any parameterization. Also, in silico rRNA operon deletion suggested that a high RNA polymerase density on the remaining rRNA operons is needed to reproduce the reported experimental ribosome numbers. Moreover, functional protein modules were determined, and many were found to contain gene products from multiple subsystems, highlighting the functional interaction of these proteins. This genome-scale reconstruction of E. coli's transcriptional and translational machinery presents a milestone in systems biology because it will enable quantitative integration of '-omics' datasets and thus the study of the mechanistic principles underlying the genotype-phenotype relationship.
Dicationic Surfactants as an Additive in Fracturing Fluids to Mitigate Clay Swelling: A Petrophysical and Rock Mechanical Assessment (2021)

[Image: see text] The interactions of clays with freshwater in unconventional tight sandstones can affect the mechanical properties of the rock. The hydraulic fracturing technique is the most successful technique to produce hydrocarbons from unconventional tight sandstone formations. Knowledge of clay minerals and their chemical interactions with fracturing fluids is extremely vital in the optimal design of fracturing fluids. In this study, quaternary ammonium-based dicationic surfactants are proposed as clay swelling inhibitors in fracturing fluids to reduce the fractured face skin. For this purpose, several coreflooding and breakdown pressure experiments were conducted on the Scioto sandstone samples, and the rock mechanical properties of the flooded samples after drying were assessed. Coreflooding experiments proceeded in a way that the samples were flooded with the investigated fluid and then postflooded with deionized water (DW). Rock mechanical parameters, such as compressive strength, tensile strength, and linear elastic properties, were evaluated using unconfined compressive strength test, scratch test, indirect Brazilian disc test, and breakdown pressure test. The performance of novel synthesized surfactants was compared with commercially used clay stabilizing additives such as sodium chloride (NaCl) and potassium chloride (KCl). For comparison, base case experiments were performed with untreated samples and samples treated with DW. Scioto sandstone samples with high illite contents were used in this study. Results showed that the samples treated with conventional electrolyte solutions lost permeability up to 65% when postflooded with DW. In contrast, fracturing fluid containing surfactant solutions retained the original permeability even after being postflooded with DW. Conventional clay stabilizing additives led to the swelling of clays caused by high compression and tensile strength of the rock when tested at dry conditions. Consequently, the rock fractures at a higher breakdown pressure. However, novel dicationic surfactants do not cause any swelling, and therefore, the rock fractures at the original breakdown pressure.
A NEMS-based gauge factor extraction method for nanowires (2015)

We propose a new non-destructive nanowire (NW) gauge factor (GF) extraction method for in-line monitoring or benchmark of this parameter. Unlike destructive conventional techniques, which also suffer from reproducibility issues, this method allows a direct measurement of the GF locally at the nanoscale and at the wafer level. GFs have been reliably measured on a wide range of silicon-based nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) resonators with different designs. For monocrystalline devices, the extracted values are in good agreement with typical values obtained for NWs fabricated with well-controlled top-down processes. These values are also compared with different doping levels and polysilicon (poly-Si) NEMS, which look promising for developing low-cost process solutions.
Titelbild: Zur Entwicklung der Dip‐Pen‐Nanolithographie (Angew. Chem. 1/2004) (2003)

Dip‐Pen‐Nanolithographie ermöglicht die schnelle Musterbildung auf Oberflächen auf der Nanometerskala. Das Titelbild verdeutlicht das Prinzip dieser Technik, die Abscheidung von Tintenmolekülen von einer Kraftmikroskopspitze auf ein Substrat. Feynmans 1960 formuliertes Diktum zur Miniaturisierung, in nanometergroßen Lettern im Hintergrund, erweist sich erneut als zutreffend. C. A. Mirkin et al. fassen in einem Aufsatz auf S. 30 ff. den gegenwärtigen Stand der Din‐Pen‐Methode zusammen und geben einen Ausblick auf zukünftige Entwicklungen.
Search for a standard-model-like Higgs boson with a mass in the range 145 to 1000 GeV at the LHC (2013)

A search for a standard-model-like Higgs boson in the H→WW and H→ZZ decay channels is reported, for Higgs boson masses in the range 145<<i>m</i><sub>H</sub><1000 GeV. The search is based upon proton-proton collision data samples corresponding to an integrated luminosity of up to 5.1 fb<sup>-1</sup> at [Formula: see text] and up to 5.3 fb<sup>-1</sup> at [Formula: see text], recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC. The combined upper limits at 95 % confidence level on products of the cross section and branching fractions exclude a standard-model-like Higgs boson in the range 145<<i>m</i><sub>H</sub><710 GeV, thus extending the mass region excluded by CMS from 127-600 GeV up to 710 GeV.
Assessment of Bleeding for the Evaluation of Therapeutic Preparations in Small Animal Models of Antibody-Induced Hemophilia and von Willebrand Disease (1997)

Three small animal models of bleeding are described and used to evaluate the effects of preparations intended for therapy of human bleeding disorders. We modified techniques for the assessment of bleeding to be able to reproducibly quantify blood loss and rate of blood flow in addition to the measurement of bleeding time. Temporary hemophilia was induced in a rabbit model by injection of high titer human inhibitor plasma [> or = 1000 Bethesda units (BU)/ml]. A decrease in rabbit FVIII from normal values to below the limit of detection was observed within 30 min, cuticle bleeding time changed from normal (approx. 10 min) to steady state bleeding (> 30 min), and the rate of blood flow increased from 4 to > 30 microliters blood/min. Infusion of an activated prothrombin complex concentrate, (FEIBA STIM4, Immuno) at doses between 75 and 150 U/kg normalized the rate of blood flow, while infusion of FVIII/vWF concentrate resulted in partial correction. Administration of FVIIa, both recombinant and plasma-derived, failed to correct bleeding, however. In an analogous murine model, FVIII/ vWF inhibitor plasma was obtained by immunizing goats with a purified human FVIII/vWF complex. This plasma cross-reacted with mouse vWF in vitro. Injection of the anti-FVIII/vWF inhibitor plasma into mice caused a decrease in vWF antigen, in some animals with a complete loss of vWF multimers comparable to severe von Willebrand disease. A specific anti-vWF inhibitor plasma obtained by immunization of goats with recombinant vWF was used in a further murine model, resulting in a gradual but substantial decrease in FVIII as well as in intensive bleeding. The infusion of a FVIII/vWF concentrate (IMMUNATE, IMMUNO) normalized the rate of blood flow in both murine models. The same assessment methods were used to characterize bleeding in a natural mouse model of von Willebrand disease (strain RIIIS/J). The use of quantitative techniques of assessment of blood loss and rate of blood flow appears to be a helpful tool for characterizing hemorrhagic situations and evaluating the capacity of therapeutic preparations to correct hemostatic defects.