gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Glutaminolysis‐related genes determine sensitivity to xCT‐targeted therapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (2019)

Targeting the function of membrane transporters in cancer stemlike cells is a potential new therapeutic approach. Cystine-glutamate antiporter xCT expressed in CD44 variant (CD44v)-expressing cancer cells contributes to the resistance to oxidative stress as well as cancer therapy through promoting glutathione (GSH)-mediated antioxidant defense. Amino acid transport by xCT might, thus, be a promising target for cancer treatment, whereas the determination factors for cancer cell sensitivity to xCT-targeted therapy remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that high expression of xCT and glutamine transporter ASCT2 is correlated with undifferentiated status and diminished along with cell differentiation in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The cytotoxicity of the xCT inhibitor sulfasalazine relies on ASCT2-dependent glutamine uptake and glutamate dehydrogenase (GLUD)-mediated α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) production. Metabolome analysis revealed that sulfasalazine treatment triggers the increase of glutamate-derived tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediate α-KG, in addition to the decrease of cysteine and GSH content. Furthermore, ablation of GLUD markedly reduced the sulfasalazine cytotoxicity in CD44v-expressing stemlike HNSCC cells. Thus, xCT inhibition by sulfasalazine leads to the impairment of GSH synthesis and enhancement of mitochondrial metabolism, leading to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and, thereby, triggers oxidative damage. Our findings establish a rationale for the use of glutamine metabolism (glutaminolysis)-related genes, including ASCT2 and GLUD, as biomarkers to predict the efficacy of xCT-targeted therapy for heterogeneous HNSCC tumors.
Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Differentially Stimulates Ret Mutants Associated with the Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2 Syndromes and Hirschsprung’s Disease1 (1998)

Ret is a receptor tyrosine kinase involved in several neoplastic and developmental diseases affecting the thyroid gland and tissues of neuroectodermal origin. Different ret mutations are associated with different disease phenotypes. Gain-of-function of ret is caused by gene rearrangements in thyroid papillary carcinomas and by point mutations in multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type 2A syndrome (MEN2A), in familial medullary thyroid carcinoma (FMTC), and in the more severe MEN2B syndrome. Conversely, Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR) is associated with loss of function of ret. Recently, it has been shown that glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), by binding to the accessory molecule GDNFR-alpha, acts as a functional ligand of Ret and stimulates its tyrosine kinase and biological activity. To ascertain whether the biological effects of ret mutations are modulated by GDNF, we have investigated the responsiveness to GDNF of ret mutants in cell lines coexpressing GDNFR-alpha and MEN2A-, MEN2B-, FMTC-, or HSCR-associated ret mutants. Here, we show that triggering of GDNF affected only ret/MEN2B, i.e. it stimulated ret/MEN2B mitogenic and kinase activities, as well as its ability to phosphorylate Shc, a bona fide Ret substrate. In contrast, ret mutants associated with MEN2A or FMTC (carrying Cys634 or Cys620 mutations) were unresponsive to GDNF. HSCR mutations, by affecting either the extracellular or the intracellular Ret domain, impaired responsiveness to GDNF. These data suggest that the phenotype of human diseases caused by ret mutations can be differentially influenced by GDNF.
Study of ultrasound-assisted radio-frequency plasma discharges in n-dodecane (2012)

Abstract This paper investigates the generation of a stable plasma phase in a liquid hydrocarbon ( n -dodecane) by means of ultrasound (US) and radio-frequency (RF) or electromagnetic radiation. It is demonstrated for the first time that ultrasonic aided RF plasma discharges can be generated in a liquid. Plasma discharges are obtained for different gas mixtures at a pressure of 12 kPa and at low ignition powers (100 W for RF and 2.4 W cm −2 for US). Direct carbon deposition from the liquid precursor on Cu, Ni, SiO 2 and Si substrates has been obtained and no apparent compositional or structural difference among the substrate materials was observed. Characterization of the deposited solid phase revealed an amorphous structure. In addition, structural changes in the liquid precursor after plasma treatment have been analysed. Optical emission spectroscopy (OES) allowed the estimation of several plasma characteristic temperatures. The plasma excitation temperature was estimated to be about 2.3–2.4 eV. The rotational and vibrational temperatures of the discharge in n -dodecane with Ar as a feed gas were 1400 K and 6500 K, respectively. In Ar/O 2 plasma, an increased rotational (1630 K) and vibrational temperature (7200 K) were obtained.
Coupling a Quantum Dot to an Open Microcavity (2010)

Single InAs semiconductor quantum dots were coupled to a microcavity consisting of a semiconductor Bragg reflector below the quantum dot layer, and an external micromirror fabricated at the tip of a single mode fiber.
On Eliminating Heavy Rare-Earth PM Elements for High Power Density Traction Application Motors (2021)

A high performance Interior Permanent Magnet (IPM) machine utilizing heavy rare-earth elements is considered the workhorse for many applications especially traction applications. Dysprosium (Dy) is one of the heavy rare-earth elements used in higher Permanent Magnet (PM) grades and its inclusion is critical to eliminate/minimize the risk of permanent demagnetization. On the other hand, Dy is one of the key elements that are subject to price volatility as well as sustainability concerns. Therefore, this paper aims to propose an IPM machine design for traction applications based on Nissan Leaf 2012 electric motor using a blend of magnet types that eliminate the use of Dy (can be thought of as hybrid magnets) to reduce the overall PM cost while maintaining comparable electromagnetic performance. Most importantly, this paper's objective is to provide a topology for the transportation sector using PM materials that addresses sustainability concerns. This paper will present the electromagnetic performance evaluation of the proposed design using Two-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis (2D-FEA). Comparison of key performance metrics including torque vs. current angle, efficiency map, risk of demagnetization, and comprehensive comparison to the baseline design will also be presented. In addition, rotor mechanical analysis as well as cost analysis are included.
Optofluidic Intracavity Spectroscopy of Canine Hemangiosarcoma (2010)

The label-free technique of optofluidic intracavity spectroscopy (OFIS) uses light transmitted through a cellular body in a microfluidic optical resonator to distinguish different types of cells by their optical properties. The OFIS technique has differentiated canine hemangiosarcoma (HSA) cells from monocytes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells based on their distinctive transmission spectra. A single characteristic parameter indicative of strong multi-transverse-mode resonances was determined for each cell by forming a linear combination of the mean and standard deviation of the transmission spectra over one free spectral range, excluding the peaks of passive Fabry-Pérot cavities without cells. The difference in the characteristic parameters of HSA and monocyte samples was statistically highly significant with a p-value as low as 10(-6). The same method shows that the characteristic parameters of canine lymphoma and lymphocytes are distinct with p < 0.005. A receiver operating-characteristic curve constructed from t-distributions fit to the HSA and monocyte data indicates that 95% sensitivity and 98% specificity can be simultaneously achieved.
Contact resistivities of metal-insulator-semiconductor contacts and metal-semiconductor contacts (2016)

Applying simulations and experiments, this paper systematically compares contact resistivities (ρc) of metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) contacts and metal-semiconductor (MS) contacts with various semiconductor doping concentrations (Nd). Compared with the MS contacts, the MIS contacts with the low Schottky barrier height are more beneficial for ρc on semiconductors with low Nd, but this benefit diminishes gradually when Nd increases. With high Nd, we find that even an “ideal” MIS contact with optimized parameters cannot outperform the MS contact. As a result, the MIS contacts mainly apply to devices that use relatively low doped semiconductors, while we need to focus on the MS contacts to meet the sub-1 × 10−8 Ω cm2 ρc requirement for future Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) technology.
Peptide Mapping (2001)

Abstract Peptide mapping is a technique for comparing protein primary structures and determining surface‐exposed sites or epitopes within proteins. It can be adapted to obtain internal protein sequences.
Urinary Nucleic Acid TSPAN13-to-S100A9 Ratio as a Diagnostic Marker in Prostate Cancer (2015)

The potential use of urinary nucleic acids as diagnostic markers in prostate cancer (PCa) was evaluated. Ninety-five urine samples and 234 prostate tissue samples from patients with PCa and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) were analyzed. Micro-array analysis was used to identify candidate genes, which were verified by the two-gene expression ratio and validated in tissue mRNA and urinary nucleic acid cohorts. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to measure urinary nucleic acid levels and tissue mRNA expression. The TSPAN13-to-S100A9 ratio was selected to determine the diagnostic value of urinary nucleic acids in PCa (P = 0.037) and shown to be significantly higher in PCa than in BPH in the mRNA and nucleic acid cohort analyses (P < 0.001 and P = 0.013, respectively). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that the area under the ROC curve was 0.898 and 0.676 in tissue mRNA cohort and urinary nucleic acid cohort, respectively. The TSPAN13-to-S100A9 ratio showed a strong potential as a diagnostic marker for PCa. The present results suggest that the analysis of urine supernatant can be used as a simple diagnostic method for PCa that can be adapted to the clinical setting in the future.
Skin Sensitizers Induce Antioxidant Response Element Dependent Genes: Application to the In Vitro Testing of the Sensitization Potential of Chemicals (2007)

Tests for skin sensitization are required prior to the market launch of new cosmetic ingredients and in vitro tests are needed to replace the current animal tests. Protein reactivity is the common feature of skin sensitizers and it is a crucial question whether a cellular in vitro assay can detect protein reactivity of diverse test chemicals. The signaling pathway involving the repressor protein Keap1 and the transcription factor nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2, which binds to the antioxidant response element (ARE) in the promoter of many phase II detoxification genes, is a potential cellular marker because Keap1 had been shown to be covalently modified by electrophiles which leads to activation of ARE-dependent genes. To evaluate whether this regulatory pathway can be used to develop a predictive cellular in vitro test for sensitization, 96 different chemicals of known skin sensitization potential were added to Hepa1C1C7 cells and the induction of the ARE-regulated quinone reductase (QR) activity was determined. In parallel, 102 chemicals were tested on the reporter cell line AREc32, which contains an eightfold repeat of the ARE sequence upstream of a luciferase gene. Among the strong/extreme skin sensitizers 14 out of 15 and 30 out of 34 moderate sensitizers induced the ARE-dependent luciferase activity and in many cases this response was paralleled by an induction of QR activity in Hepa1C1C7 cells. Sixty percent of the weak sensitizers also induced luciferase activity, and the overall accuracy of the assay was 83 percent. Only four of 30 tested nonsensitizers induced low levels of luciferase activity, indicating a high specificity of the assay. Thus, measurement of the induction of this signaling pathway provides an interesting in vitro test to screen for the skin sensitization potential of novel chemicals.
ChemInform Abstract: Amidocarbonylation (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Direct displacement and coupling of prop-2-ynylic acetates with organocuprates (1978)

The direct displacement of the acetate in 1-trimethylsilyl-3-acetoxyoct-1-yne (6) by the alkyl substituent of dialkylorganocuprates, and the lithium dimethylcuprate-medrated coupling of 3-acetoxy-1-trimethylsilylpent-4-en-1-yne (8b) are reported.
Enhancing Neuraminidase Immunogenicity of Influenza A Viruses by Rewiring RNA Packaging Signals (2020)

Humoral immune protection against influenza virus infection is mediated largely by antibodies against hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA), the two major glycoproteins on the virus surface. While influenza virus vaccination efforts have focused mainly on HA, NA-based immunity has been shown to reduce disease severity and provide heterologous protection. Current seasonal vaccines do not elicit strong anti-NA responses-in part due to the immunodominance of the HA protein. Here, we demonstrate that by swapping the 5' and 3' terminal packaging signals of the HA and NA genomic segments, which contain the RNA promoters, we are able to rescue influenza viruses that express more NA and less HA. Vaccination with formalin-inactivated "rewired" viruses significantly enhances the anti-NA antibody response compared to vaccination with unmodified viruses. Passive transfer of sera from mice immunized with rewired virus vaccines shows better protection against influenza virus challenge. Our results provide evidence that the immunodominance of HA stems in part from its abundance on the viral surface, and that rewiring viral packaging signals-thereby increasing the NA content on viral particles-is a viable strategy for improving the immunogenicity of NA in an influenza virus vaccine.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Influenza virus infections are a major source of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Increasing evidence highlights neuraminidase as a potential vaccination target. This report demonstrates the efficacy of rewiring influenza virus packaging signals for creating vaccines with more neuraminidase content which provide better neuraminidase (NA)-based protection.
Multispectral fluorescence imaging to assess pH in biological specimens (2011)

Simple, quantitative assays to measure pH in tissue could improve the study of complicated biological processes and diseases such as cancer. We evaluated multispectral fluorescence imaging (MSFI) to quantify extracellular pH (pHe) in dye-perfused, surgically-resected tumor specimens with commercially available instrumentation. Utilizing a water-soluble organic dye with pH-dependent fluorescence emission (SNARF-4F), we used standard fluorimetry to quantitatively assess the emission properties of the dye as a function of pH. By conducting these studies within the spectroscopic constraints imposed by the appropriate imaging filter set supplied with the imaging system, we determined that correction of the fluorescence emission of deprotonated dye was necessary for accurate determination of pH due to suboptimal excitation. Subsequently, employing a fluorimetry-derived correction factor (CF), MSFI data sets of aqueous dye solutions and tissuelike phantoms could be spectrally unmixed to accurately quantify equilibrium concentrations of protonated (HA) and deprotonated (A-) dye and thus determine solution pH. Finally, we explored the feasibility of MSFI for high-resolution pHe mapping of human colorectal cancer cell-line xenografts. Data presented suggest that MSFI is suitable for quantitative determination of pHe in ex vivo dye-perfused tissue, potentially enabling measurement of pH across a variety of preclinical models of disease.
Early evaluation of direct large-scale InfiniBand networks with adaptive routing (2014)

We assess the problem of choosing optimal direct topology for InfiniBand networks in terms of performance. Newest topologies like Dragonfly, Flattened butterfly and Slim Fly are considered, as well as standard Tori and Hypercubes.We consider some reasonable extensions to InfiniBand hardware which could be implemented by vendors easily and may allow reasonable routing algorithms for such topologies. A number of routing algorithms are proposed and compared for various traffic patterns. Mapping algorithms for Dragonfly and Flattened Butterfly are proposed. Based on this research it has been decided to use Flattened Butterfly topology for system #22 in November 2014 Top 500 list.
High Efficiency Photovoltaics: Ways to Push the Efficiencies Further (2018)

To bring higher efficiencies to photovoltaics, present integrated architectures such as multijunction solar cells must include new materials and designs. We present new architectures such as multi-segments, nanostructures and junction materials.
Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks: Theory and Applications (2006)

This book provides a comprehensive yet easy coverage of ad hoc and sensor networks and fills the gap of existing literature in this growing field. It emphasizes that there is a major interdependence among various layers of the network protocol stack. Contrary to wired or even one-hop cellular networks, the lack of a fixed infrastructure, the inherent mobility, the wireless channel, and the underlying routing mechanism by ad hoc and sensor networks introduce a number of technological challenges that are difficult to address within the boundaries of a single protocol layer. All existing textbooks on the subject often focus on a specific aspect of the technology, and fail to provide critical insights on cross-layer interdependencies. To fully understand these intriguing networks, one need to grasp specific solutions individually, and also the many interdependencies and cross-layer interactions.
Lack of Plasma Norepinephrine Cyclicity, Increased Estradiol during the Follicular Phase, and of Progesterone and Gonadotrophins at Ovulation in Women with Premenstrual Syndrome (2004)

In healthy women, plasma norepinephrine (NE) has a cycle with the highest levels occurring at ovulation and early luteal phase. We examined plasma NE cyclicity in premenstrual syndrome (PMS) patients as compared to controls, its relation to estradiol (E(2)), progesterone (P), luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone, and the correlation of these parameters with the PMS symptoms. Lack of NE cyclicity was observed in PMS patients. In controls, peak NE levels occurred at ovulation and early luteal phase. In PMS, serum E(2) was higher during the follicular phase, while P and gonadotrophins were higher especially at ovulation and the luteal phase. In the late luteal phase, E(2) levels were lower in PMS patients than in controls. A negative correlation was observed between the area under the curve for E(2) in the luteal phase and PMS somatic and mental scores. Plasma NE showed a negative correlation with abrupt mood swings, impatience, nervousness, tiredness, weakness, apathy, and headache. These data suggest that lack of NE cyclicity characterizes PMS, some symptoms being related to low E(2) levels during the late luteal phase and decreased noradrenergic activity at ovulation and the luteal phase.
3D Chip stacking with 50 &#x03BC;m pitch lead-free micro-c4 interconnections (2011)

3D integration, using fine-pitch and high density vertical interconnects (TSVs), has been drawing considerable interest due to its promise for higher performance and smaller form factor. As the number of I/O increases and the pitch size decreases, interconnect joining process and reliability become critical in the assembly of 3D chip stacks. In this study, 3D chip stacks with more than 48,000 Pb-free solder micro-bump interconnects at 50 μm pitch were assembled and the joint reliability evaluated. Multiple bonding processes were developed, enhanced and characterized by investigating the influence of various bonding parameters such as atmosphere, compression mode and temperature profile on the joint formation. Various test vehicle sizes with multiple layers of thinned die were successfully assembled using the enhanced bonding profile. Underfilling of the narrow gaps between the stack dies was demonstrated using underfills with fine-particle fillers. The assembly yield and interconnection parasitic resistance was quantitatively studied as a function of the number of die layers. The reliability silicon die stacks integrated into modules with organic laminates was characterized by thermal cycling tests.
Refurbishment of St Pancras - justification of cast iron columns (2008)

This paper presents the results of an extensive programme of material and full-scale laboratory tests undertaken on existing cast iron columns from St Pancras Railway Station in London, UK. The original station, which was constructed during the 1860s, has been upgraded to form the international terminus for the Channel Tunnel Rail Link. The existing station is Grade I listed as being of special architectural or historic interest, and is incorporated into the new station scheme. The current use will impose greater vertical loads and horizontal displacements on the cast iron columns than they previously experienced. A preliminary assessment suggested that it would be prudent to undertake a programme of tests to determine the material properties and understand the structural behaviour under load with more confidence. A total of five columns were made available for full-scale testing to destruction; these were made redundant by the introduction of escalator slots and light wells. In addition, coupons were obtained from columns for material tests. The coupon tests provided sufficient information to determine a reliable materials model suitable for a non-linear finite element analysis of the columns. The full-scale tests confirmed that the presence of cast-in features affects the overall structural behaviour of the column. In addition, it confirmed that the 1860s practice of standing columns on padstones with a layer of felt between is an unsatisfactory detail, and can initiate premature failure of the column base. The results from the material and full-scale tests have been compared. It is concluded that there is consistency between the material and full-scale tests. Back analysis of the full-scale tests using the material model developed from the material tests confirmed that the model is reliable for analysis in the permissible stress domain and gives reasonable assessments of the failure mode and load when lack-of-fit conditions can be properly assessed.
Empirical Modeling of Cracking in Reinforced Concrete (2019)

First Name is required invalid characters Last Name is required invalid characters Email Address is required Invalid Email Address Invalid Email Address