gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Uptake and Accumulation of Polystyrene Microplastics in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) and Toxic Effects in Liver (2016)

Microplastics have become emerging contaminants, causing widespread concern about their potential toxic effects. In this study, the uptake and tissue accumulation of polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) in zebrafish were detected, and the toxic effects in liver were investigated. The results showed that after 7 days of exposure, 5 μm diameter MPs accumulated in fish gills, liver, and gut, while 20 μm diameter MPs accumulated only in fish gills and gut. Histopathological analysis showed that both 5 μm and 70 nm PS-MPs caused inflammation and lipid accumulation in fish liver. PS-MPs also induced significantly increased activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase, indicating that oxidative stress was induced after treatment with MPs. In addition, metabolomic analysis suggested that exposure to MPs induced alterations of metabolic profiles in fish liver and disturbed the lipid and energy metabolism. These findings provide new insights into the toxic effects of MPs on fish.
Isobutane and ammonia chemical ionization mass spectrometry of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (1992)

Abstract The mass spectral reactions of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons under the conditions of chemical ionization (CI) using isobutane and ammonia, respectively, as the reagent gases are investigated. With isobutane intense quasimolecular ions [M + 1] + are obtained. The molecular weight can be deduced unequivocally. The extent of fragmentation is different for the various compounds, permitting a certain structural classification within this group. Sesquiterpene alcohols and esters may yield similar spectra with isobutane impeding unequivocal classification of this compound class. With ammonia a typical set of ions [M + 1] + , [M + 18] + and [M + 35] + , respectively, is produced. According to their specific mass numbers these ions unambiguously characterize the class of the hydrocarbons. The molecular mass is obtained from the species [M + 1] + and/or [M + 18 + ].
Discrete-rate allocation schemes in multi-cell scenarios with power adaptation (2010)

Interference mitigation and adaptive multi-user resource allocation are among the most promising technological breakthroughs that should improve capacity of future broadband wireless communications. In a multi-cell scenario, where co-channel interference is the performance limiting factor, discrete-rate resource allocation algorithms, selecting those channels with best Signal-to-Interference and Noise-Ratio (SINR), can reduce the transmission power in each base station, acting indirectly on the co-channel interference levels. In this paper we investigate multi-cell systems in which power adaptation acts as a positive factor for the interference reduction. We are interested here in the convergence properties of the dynamic model of the system and in the role of the number and position of SINR thresholds of the discrete-rate profiles. We find that, in multi-cell scenarios, the application of power reduction makes the spectral efficiency of the system relatively insensitive to the number of discrete-rate profiles, once fixed the minimum and maximum SINR thresholds.
Determinants of Catecholamine and Cortisol Responses to Lower Extremity Revascularization (1993)

These data indicate that patient factors, such as age and inherent sympathetic responsivity, are important determinants of the catecholamine response to surgery. Modulation of the norepinephrine response by regional anesthesia/analgesia appears to be related, in part, to superior analgesia. The lack of correlation between catecholamine and cortisol secretion indicates that the stress response may consist of discrete systems responding to different stimuli.
Extruded and Pressureless‐Sintered Al 2 O 3 –SiC w Composite Rods: Fabrication, Structure, Electrical Behavior, and Elastic Modulus (2011)

Ceramic composite rods of alumina filled with varying volume fractions of silicon carbide whiskers ( SiC w ) were made by extrusion and pressureless‐sintering. The electrical response was measured over a wide range of frequency (1 mHz–1.8 GHz) and was compared to that of disks made by dry‐pressing and pressureless‐sintering the same starting powder blends. Extrusion resulted in increased whisker alignment and electrical conductivity along the processing direction compared to dry‐pressing. Pressureless sintering resulted in anisotropic shrinkage and the rods having lower density ( D ), dc conductivity (σ dc ), and SiC w –SiC w connection quality compared to fully dense hot‐pressed disks. Porosity ( P = 1 − D ) increased with SiC w loading and was linearly related to the rod elastic modulus, which was determined via sonic resonance. SiC w percolation in the extruded rods required greater SiC w loading, took place over a wider compositional range, and resulted in significantly decreased σ dc for the rods compared to hot‐pressed disks. The σ dc of percolated rods having composition near the percolation threshold was sensitive to small changes in porosity and was correlated to the elastic modulus. The weak percolation transition was correlated to a gradual evolution of the complex permittivity spectra. As SiC w content was increased, such spectra exhibited dc‐conductivity tails in the loss which grew in magnitude, and dielectric relaxations which grew in strength, shifted to lower frequency, spread out over wider frequency ranges, and seemed to evolve toward power‐law behavior for the dielectric constant.
Time to diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in the IPF-PRO Registry (2020)

The time from symptom onset to diagnosis remains over 1 year in approximately half of the patients with IPF, but once imaging evidence is obtained, most of the patients are diagnosed within a year. Cardiac conditions and gastro-oesophageal disorders were more commonly reported in patients with a longer time to diagnosis.
Novel inhibitory receptor signatures revealed by 18 parameter flow cytometry and mapped via a combination of automated analysis algorithms (2017)

Abstract Inhibitory Receptors (IRs) such as PD-1, TIM-3, CD160, and TIGIT are upregulated during activated, exhausted, and pathological immune cell states. How the combinational expression of multiple IRs on individual cells tracks with functional status and/or fate is largely unknown. Due to paucity of human samples, large panels for immune cell characterization are of a high value, and combining them with automated platforms of multi-dimensional single cell analysis would allow objective and comprehensive population characterization. We report an 18-parameter (16-color) fluorescent panel that allows IR signature analysis as well as cell sorting for functional studies, and adopt algorithmic methods previously used for mass cytometry into a novel platform to analyze fluorescent datasets in an unbiased analytical workflow. PBMC from diseased and healthy control subjects as well as tumor specimens were stained and analyzed on a FACSARIA cell sorter. For the automated analysis, the datasets were processed with t-SNE algorithm into a 2D map of phenotypic space that was subsequently clustered using SPADE. From the samples, a 32-plex combinational IR signature was determined for the CD4+ T, CD8+ T, NK, iNKT, and γδ T cell lineages. The results indicate novel combinational IR ‘hits’ for particular immune subsets and some immune subset IR signatures correlated with disease status. In conclusion, 18-parameter flow cytometry with automated analysis provides robust results from human blood and solid tissue samples. In combination with functional and other readouts, measurement of single immune cell IR signatures could provide new insight into activation, exhaustion, and pathogenic processes and potentially reveal novel therapeutic targets.
Measurement of Human Behavior: Creating a Society for Discovering Opportunities (2009)

INTRODUCTION WE are moving beyond the 20th century era of mass production and mass consumption and are beginning to seek out new society for the 21st century. The 20th century is characterized by Taylor’s scientific management and mechanization of production, which has established methodologies of “logical analysis” and “adoption of IT.” However, the shift from “capital” to “knowledge” as the critical resource is showing up the limitations of past methodologies that relied on logical analysis. This is because true knowledge of people and organizations cannot be compartmentalized nor exchanged like goods. “Measurement of human behavior” is about developing full intellectual capacity of society
Association of premorbid intelligence with level of functioning and illness severity in bipolar disorder (2023)

In conclusion, premorbid intelligence is associated with both level of functioning and illness severity as well as comorbidity in bipolar disorder patients. Further research is needed to develop targeted interventions for this subgroup of bipolar disorder patients.
Optimum design of 1.4 kV non-punch-through trench IGBTs: the next generation of high-power switching devices (2001)

The trench insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) is widely regarded as a worthy replacement of DMOS IGBTs and GTO thyristors in a wide range of applications, from motor control (1.4 kV) to HVDC (6.5 kV). An optimum design of 1.4 kV NPT trench IGBTs using a new fully integrated optimisation system comprised of process and device simulators and an RSM optimiser is described. The use of this new TCAD system has contributed largely to realising devices with characteristics far superior to the previous DMOS generation of IGBTs. Full experimental results on 1.4 kV trench IGBTs are reported, which are in excellent agreement with the TCAD predictions.
RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIAL ABNORMALITIES AFTER INTERNAL LIMITING MEMBRANE PEELING GUIDED BY INDOCYANINE GREEN STAINING (2004)

MAIA, MAURICIO MD; HALLER, JULIA A. MD; PIERAMICI, DANTE J. MD; MARGALIT, EYAL MD, PhD; DE JUAN, EUGENE JR. MD; FARAH, MICHEL E. MD; LAKHANPAL, ROHIT R. MD; AU EONG, KAH-GUAN MMed(Ophth), FRCS; GUVEN, DILEK MD; HUMAYUN, MARK S. MD, PhD Author Information
Theory and experimental verification of Kramers-Kronig self-phasing in coherently combined fiber lasers (2014)

The recently observed self-phasing of coherently coupled fibers due to Kramers-Kronig effects is theoretically described using a simple model. Direct measurements of the Kramers-Kronig effect and Henry’s alpha parameter are reported.
Complex extensor mechanism reconstructions in total knee arthroplasties (2014)

Complications involving the extensor mechanism have significant negative effects on patients following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The surgeon must be aware of intraoperative, postoperative and patient-related factors that can increase their occurrence. Unfortunately, extensor mechanism injuries following TKA remain difficult to effectively manage. While various surgical techniques have been used, in stark contrast to the results obtained in young adults without a TKA, the results in patients with a TKA have traditionally been discouraging. Oftentimes, complex surgical reconstruction of the extensor mechanism is required, in the form of Achilles tendon allograft reconstruction or synthetic mesh augmentation, which has demonstrated encouraging results. Regardless, the management of patient expectations is crucial.
The Design of Geometry Processor for 3D Graphics (2000)

In this thesis, the analysis of data processing method and the amount of computation in the whole geometry processing is conducted step by step. Floating-point ALU design is based on the characteristics of geometry processing operation. The performance of the devised ALU fitting with the geometry processing operation is analyzed by simulation after the description of the proposed ALU and geometry processor. The ALU designed in the paper can perform three types of floating-point operation simultaneously-addition/subtraction, multiplication, division. As a result, the 23.5% of improvement is achieved by that floating-point ALU for the whole geometry processing and in the floating-point division and square root operation, there is another 23% of performance gain with adding area-performance efficient SRT divisor.
Genotypic and phenotypic progression in endometrial tumorigenesis: Determining when defects in DNA mismatch repair and KRAS2 occur (2001)

We set out to determine the relative timing of loss of DNA mismatch repair and KRAS2 mutation in endometrial tumorigenesis. We studied endometrial carcinoma (CA) and synchronous atypical endometrial hyperplasia (AEH), the premalignant precursor of endometrial cancer. Carcinoma and hyperplasia were investigated for loss of mismatch repair as evidenced by microsatellite instability (MSI) and for KRAS2 mutations. Endometrial cancers previously shown to be MSI-positive were evaluated for KRAS2 codon 12 and 13 mutations. DNA was isolated from foci of AEH concomitant with, but physically remote from, the cancers by use of tissues prepared by laser capture microdissection (LCM). The AEH DNAs were then assessed for MSI and KRAS2 mutations. Of 210 endometrial CAs investigated, 51 (26%) were MSI-positive, and among those, 21 (41%) arose concomitantly with AEH. Of 41 foci of AEH (mean, two foci per patient) investigated, 34 (83%) were MSI-positive. KRAS2 mutations were seen in 5/51 (10%) MSI-positive carcinomas. From the five patients informative for both KRAS2 mutation and MSI, 10 foci of AEH were available for investigation. All 10 AEH specimens (100%) were MSI-positive, and six (60%) had the KRAS2 mutation present in the coexisting CA. The observation that some MSI-positive AEH specimens lack the KRAS2 mutation seen in the coexisting CA supports a model in which loss of DNA mismatch repair precedes KRAS2 mutation. However, in addition to the absence of KRAS2 mutations in AEH, we discovered mutations in LCM hyperplasia and carcinoma specimens that were not present in the portion of the cancers originally investigated. These discordant genotypes suggest genetic heterogeneity in endometrial hyperplasia and concomitant cancer.
Hole-phonon scattering in strained SiGe quantum wells (1993)

The interaction between holes confined in a strained Si1−xGex quantum well and acoustic and optical phonons is investigated in an effort to elucidate in-plane carrier transport. This treatment utilizes conventional deformation potential theory within the context of the momentum conservation approximation in the confinement direction to obtain analytical expressions for both acoustic and optical phonon scattering rates as functions of carrier energy. The optical phonon interaction explicitly accounts for the three vibrational modes: Si-Si, Si-Ge, and Ge-Ge by incorporating experimentally determined longitudinal optical (LO) phonon frequency shifts in the calculation of the matrix elements. The oscillator strengths for each of these LO (short wavelength) modes are approximated using a binomial distribution to describe the local atomic arrangement of a unit cell. The two-dimensional scattering rates are evaluated and compared with bulk scattering calculations for a well of fixed width and varying Ge content. It is found that the overall hole-phonon scattering rate in a SiGe well is higher than that of holes in strained SiGe layers due to the combined effects of similar two- and three-dimensional density of states and large inter-sub-band scattering. A qualitative description of high field transport within the well is obtained by calculating the relative contributions of particular optical phonon modes to the overall scattering rate at high carrier energies.
SUBACROMIAL PRESSURE REDUCTION AFTER ROTATOR CUFF REPAIR WITH A BIODEGRADABLE SUBACROMIAL SPACER (2017)

Treatment of massive rotator cuff tears can be challenging. Previous studies with irreparable rotator cuff tears showed good clinical results of tendon healing with the arthroscopic insertion of a protective biodegradable spacer balloon filled with saline solution between the repaired tendon and the acromion [1,2], but so far no scientific evidence has showed how the device alters pressures over the repaired tendon. This biomechanical study investigated the effects of a spacer inserted in the subacromial space on pressures over the repaired rotator cuff tendon in passive motion cycles typical for post-operative rehabilitation routines.

Six human cadaveric shoulders were prepared with the humerus cut 15cm below the joint and embedded in a pot, while the scapula fixed at three points on a plate. A rotator cuff tear was simulated and repaired using a suture anchor and a Mason-Allen suture. The specimens were then mounted on a custom-made pneumatic testing rig to induce passive motion cycles of adduction-abduction (90–0°) and flexion-extension (0–40°) with constant glenohumeral and superior loads and tension is exerted on the supraspinatus tendon with weights. A pressure sensor was placed between the supraspinatus tendon and the acromion. After pressure measurements for 15 cycles of each motion type, the InSpace balloon (OrthoSpace, Inc, Israel) was inserted and the specimens tested and pressure measured again for 15 cycles. Statistically significant changes in peak pressures were then measured before and after balloon.

Peak pressures were measured near 90 degrees abduction. No statistical differences were observed for internal-external rotation before and after balloon-shaped subacromial spacer was inserted. Mean pressures in abduction-adduction were significantly reduced from 121.7 ± 9.5 MPa to 51.5 ± 1.2 MPa. Peak pressures after repair were 1171.3 ± 99.5 MPa and 1749.6 ± 80.7 MPa in flexion-extension and abduction-adduction motion, respectively, and significantly decreased to 468.7 ± 16.0 MPa and 535.1 ± 27.6 MPa after spacer insertion (p<0.0001).

The use of the spacer above the repaired tendon reduced peak pressures and distributed them more widely over the sensor during both abduction-adduction and flexion-extension motions and therefore can reduce the stress on the rotator cuff repair. The InSpace system may reduce the pressure on the repaired tendon, thus potentially protecting the repair. Further studies to investigate this phenomenon are warranted, in particular relating these changes to shoulder kinematics following tear repair and spacer insertion.
Thermal Analysis of DBHi (Direct Bonded Heterogeneous Integration) Si Bridge (2021)

The recently introduced Direct Bonded Heterogeneous Integration (DBHi) Si bridge technology consists of chips directly connected by a bridge chip though Cu pillars, enabling high speed and high band-width communication between CPUs, GPUs and memory chips. The bridge chip resides in a cavity machined in the laminate chip carrier. The remaining structure of the DBHi package is similar to a standard flip-chip package. In this study, we focus on the thermal characterization of the DBHi package using measurements and simulations. We determine how much heat generation is allowed for a bridge chip using a conventional cooling solution from the chip top side. The thermal measurements are conducted using a DBHi package with thermal test chips containing heaters and temperature sensors. The chips are heated by supplying power to the heaters and the temperatures on the chips are measured using resistance temperature devices. We then build a simulation model which is calibrated with the thermal measurement results by adjusting the heat transfer coefficient applied to the package lid top. The model comprises two chips, a bridge chip, interconnects between the chips and the bridge, interconnects between the two large chips and a laminate, a Thermal Interface Material (TIM) and a heat-spreader (a lid). Based on this simulation model, it is examined how much heat generation is allowed for a bridge chip when its maximum temperature is to remain below 75 °C (with an ambient = 40 °C). For example, it is simulated that when each chip generates 100 W (total 200 W for two chips), 26.5 W of heat generation is allowed for a bridge chip. We also consider potential cooling solutions from the laminate side.
Robust speaker adaptation using a piecewise linear acoustic mapping (1992)

In a large vocabulary speech recognition system, it is desirable to make use of previously acquired speech data when encountering new speakers. The authors describe an adaptation strategy based on a piecewise linear mapping between the feature space of a new speaker and that of a reference speaker. This speaker-normalizing mapping is used to transform the previously acquired parameters of the reference speaker onto the space of the new speaker. This results in a robust speaker adaptation procedure which allows for a drastic reduction in the amount of training data required from the new speaker. The performance of this method is illustrated on an isolated utterance speech recognition task with a vocabulary of 20000 words.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
<title>Low- and high-index sol-gel films for planar and channel-doped waveguides</title> (2001)

In view of realizing integrated optic components based on effects such as electro-optic, chi(2):chi(2) cascading, stimulated emission,... one has to first synthesize materials with the proper functionality; this may be achieved by doping solid state matrices by the appropriate organic chromophores. Second, and as important, these materials have to be properly structured into the final optical guiding structures. We shall report on issues related to the realization of chromophore-doped planar waveguides as well as channel waveguides. These structures were realized by either photo-transformation such as photo- chromism and photo-bleaching or reactive ion etching technique, starting with chromophore doped sol-gel materials at high loading contents for which optical index may be controlled via the local dopant concentration. With these materials and techniques, waveguides and components characterized by propagation losses of the order of a cm<SUP>-1</SUP>, measured off the edge of the absorption band of the doping species, were fabricated. In order to be also able to study and use waveguide functionalized with low concentration of chromophore species, we developed new sol-gel materials of high optical index, yet low temperature processed. These new films are under study to evaluate their potential as host for organic doped waveguides devices.
Water Deprivation Induces Biochemical Changes Without Reduction in the Insecticidal Activity of Maize and Soybean Transgenic Plants (2021)

Like conventional crops, transgenic plants expressing insecticidal toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are subjected to water deprivation. However, the effects of water deprivation over the insecticidal activity of Bt plants are not well understood. We submitted Bt maize and Bt soybean to water deprivation and evaluated biochemical stress markers and the insecticidal activity of plants against target insects. Bt maize (DAS-Ø15Ø7-1 × MON-89Ø34-3 × MON-ØØ6Ø3-6 × SYN-IR162-4) containing the PowerCore Ultra traits, Bt soybean (DAS-444Ø6-6 × DAS-81419-2) with the Conkesta E3 traits, and commercial non-Bt cultivars were cultivated and exposed to water deprivation in the greenhouse. Leaves were harvested for quantification of hydrogen peroxide, malondialdeyde (MDA), and total phenolics and insecticidal activity. Maize or soybean leaf disks were used to evaluate the insecticidal activity against, respectively, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E Smith) and Chrysodeixis includens (Walker) neonates. Except for Bt soybean, water deprivation increased hydrogen peroxide and MDA contents in Bt and non-Bt plants. Both biochemical markers of water deficit were observed in lower concentrations in Bt plants than in non-Bt commercial cultivars. Water deprivation did not result in changes of phenolic contents in Bt and non-Bt maize. For Bt or non-Bt soybean, phenolic contents were similar despite plants being exposed or not to water deprivation. Water deprivation did not alter substantially insect survival in non-Bt maize or non-Bt soybean. Despite water deprivation-induced biochemical changes in plants, both Bt plants maintained their insecticidal activity (100% mortality) against the target species.