gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Severity-Based Hierarchical ECG Classification Using Neural Networks (2023)

Timely detection of cardiac arrhythmia characterized by abnormal heartbeats can help in the early diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Wearable healthcare devices typically use neural networks to provide the most convenient way of continuously monitoring heart activity for arrhythmia detection. However, it is challenging to achieve high accuracy and energy efficiency in these smart wearable healthcare devices. In this work, we provide architecture-level solutions to deploy neural networks for cardiac arrhythmia classification. We have created a hierarchical structure after analyzing various neural network topologies where only required network components are activated to improve energy efficiency while maintaining high accuracy. In our proposed architecture, we introduce a severity-based classification approach to directly help the users of the wearable healthcare device as well as the medical professionals. Additionally, we have employed computation-in-memory based hardware to improve energy efficiency and area consumption by leveraging in-situ data processing and scalability of emerging memory technologies such as resistive random access memory (RRAM). Simulation experiments conducted using the MIT-BIH arrhythmia dataset show that the proposed architecture provides high accuracy while consuming average energy of 0.11 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu$</tex-math></inline-formula> J per heartbeat classification and 0.11 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> area, thereby achieving 25× improvement in average energy consumption and 12× improvement in area compared to the state-of-the-art.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterocyclic Seven‐Membered Compounds. Part 32. Synthesis, Properties, and Reactions of 4‐Methoxy‐2‐phenyl‐1,5‐benzothiazepine. (1988)

Abstract The reaction of the lactam (Ia) with the salt (II) yields the thiazepine (III) the structure of which is established by X‐ray analysis (space group: P2 1 /c; Z = 8) and transformation to the quinoline (IV).
Numerical Simulation of Cold Pressing of Armstrong CP‐Ti Powders (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Experimental procedures and measurements Elastoplastic Constitutive Model For Cold Pressing Numerical Simulation Results Conclusions Acknowledgments
Effects of myocardial constraint on the passive mechanical behaviors of the coronary vessel wall (2007)

The large epicardial coronary arteries and veins span the surface of the heart and gradually penetrate into the myocardium. It has recently been shown that remodeling of the epicardial veins in response to pressure overload strongly depends on the degree of myocardial support. The nontethered regions of the vessel wall show significant intimal hyperplasia compared with the tethered regions. Our hypothesis is that such circumferentially nonuniform structural adaptation in the vessel wall is due to nonuniform wall stress and strain. Transmural stress and strain are significantly influenced by the support of the surrounding myocardial tissue, which significantly limits distension of the vessel. In this finite-element study, we modeled the nonuniform support by embedding the left anterior descending artery into the myocardium to different depths and analyzed deformation and strain in the vessel wall. Circumferential wall strain was much higher in the untethered than tethered region at physiological pressure. On the basis of the hypothesis that elevated wall strain is the stimulus for remodeling, the simulation results suggest that large epicardial coronary vessels have a greater tendency to become thicker in the absence of myocardial constraint. This study provides a mechanical basis for understanding the local growth and remodeling of vessels subjected to various degrees of surrounding tissue.
A robust and versatile mass spectrometry platform for comprehensive assessment of the thiol redox metabolome (2018)

Several diseases are associated with perturbations in redox signaling and aberrant hydrogen sulfide metabolism, and numerous analytical methods exist for the measurement of the sulfur-containing species affected. However, uncertainty remains about their concentrations and speciation in cells/biofluids, perhaps in part due to differences in sample processing and detection principles. Using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography in combination with electrospray-ionization tandem mass spectrometry we here outline a specific and sensitive platform for the simultaneous measurement of 12 analytes, including total and free thiols, their disulfides and sulfide in complex biological matrices such as blood, saliva and urine. Total assay run time is < 10 min, enabling high-throughput analysis. Enhanced sensitivity and avoidance of artifactual thiol oxidation is achieved by taking advantage of the rapid reaction of sulfhydryl groups with N-ethylmaleimide. We optimized the analytical procedure for detection and separation conditions, linearity and precision including three stable isotope labelled standards. Its versatility for future more comprehensive coverage of the thiol redox metabolome was demonstrated by implementing additional analytes such as methanethiol, N-acetylcysteine, and coenzyme A. Apparent plasma sulfide concentrations were found to vary substantially with sample pretreatment and nature of the alkylating agent. In addition to protein binding in the form of mixed disulfides (S-thiolation) a significant fraction of aminothiols and sulfide appears to be also non-covalently associated with proteins. Methodological accuracy was tested by comparing the plasma redox status of 10 healthy human volunteers to a well-established protocol optimized for reduced/oxidized glutathione. In a proof-of-principle study a deeper analysis of the thiol redox metabolome including free reduced/oxidized as well as bound thiols and sulfide was performed. Additional determination of acid-labile sulfide/thiols was demonstrated in human blood cells, urine and saliva. Using this simplified mass spectrometry-based workflow the thiol redox metabolome can be determined in samples from clinical and translational studies, providing a novel prognostic/diagnostic platform for patient stratification, drug monitoring, and identification of new therapeutic approaches in redox diseases.
Using Unclaimed Sub-Carriers in Opportunistic OFDMA Systems (2006)

In this paper, we consider the unclaimed sub-carriers that no user feeds back in an opportunistic OFDMA system with a per sub-carrier power constraint. Unclaimed sub- carriers appear in OFDMA systems with reduced feedback, where the users concentrate the feedback on the sub-carriers with good channel quality. Here we propose and evaluate two ways to use these sub-carriers to improve the system performance. One approach is to transmit pilots symbols on the unclaimed sub- carriers. A second approach is to schedule users based on their feedback about adjacent sub-carriers. Simulation results show that for low to moderate channel RMS delay spread, it is more advantageous to transmit data on unclaimed sub-carriers, even at a low rate, than to use them for additional pilot symbols. For high delay spreads however, transmitting pilots on the unclaimed sub-carriers gives higher system throughput.
Fast Collisionless Tearing in an Anisotropic Neutral Sheet. (1984)

The collisionless tearing mode in a neutral sheet is studied in the presence of ion temperature (Ti) anisotropy, using Vlasov description for both ions and electrons. It is found that the growth rate of the instability is significantly enhanced if the ratio of Ti perpendicular to the equilibrium magnetic field to Ti parallel to the field is greater than one. For typical magnetotail parameters with modest temperature anisotropy, it is shown that the linear e-folding time is reduced to a small fraction of the time delays believed to precede the onset of reconnection. This enhancement of the growth rate is due to the Lorentz force acting on the ions that cross the neutral plane, traversing beyond the conventional electron-tearing layer.
In vitro and in vivo characterization of novel mRNA motifs that bind special elongation factor SelB (1997)

The special elongation factor SelB of Escherichia coli promotes selenocysteine incorporation into formate dehydrogenases. This is thought to be achieved through simultaneous binding to selenocysteyl-tRNASec and, in the case of formate dehydrogenase H, to an fdhF mRNA hairpin structure 3' adjacent to the UGA selenocysteine codon. By in vitro selection, novel RNA sequences ("aptamers"), which can interact tightly and specifically with SelB, were isolated from an RNA library. The library was comprised of mutagenized variants of the wild-type fdhF mRNA hairpin. One-half of the selected sequences contained the apical stem-loop of the fdhF mRNA hairpin highly conserved. Some of the aptamers showed deviations in the primary sequence within this region of the wild-type fdhF hairpin motif while still binding with high affinity to SelB. Binding studies performed with truncated versions of SelB revealed that aptamers binding to different sites on the protein have been selected. To dissect SelB binding to the fdhF hairpin from the overall biological function of this complex, four selected aptamers were analyzed in vivo for UGA readthrough in a lacZ fusion construct. Among these, one promoted UGA readthrough in vivo. Three of the aptamers, however, were drastically reduced or unable to replace the fdhF mRNA hairpin in vivo, despite the similar secondary structure and binding affinities of these RNAs compared with the wild-type motif. This finding implies functions of the fdhF hairpin that go beyond the mere tethering of selenocysteyl-tRNASec to the UGA codon.
Design of Indirectly Loaded Large Footings for One-Way Shear (2016)

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Multispectral and X-ray images for characterization of Jatropha curcas L. seed quality (2021)

Multispectral and X-ray imaging have a strong relationship with seed physiological performance. Reflectance at 940 nm and X-ray data can efficiently predict seed quality attributes. These techniques can be alternative methods for rapid, efficient, sustainable and non-destructive characterization of seed quality in the future, overcoming the intrinsic subjectivity of the conventional seed quality analysis.
Multi-Linear Modeling for Characterization of Nonlinear Behavior of Anisotropic Materials (2012)

This paper presents a multi-linear modeling technique to characterize the nonlinear behavior of anisotropic materials. The nonlinear behavior of anisotropic materials is represented with a multi-linear stress-strain model under the assumption that the material is path-, rate- and temperature-independent. The multi-linear model is constructed by adopting the energy-based characterization, which equates the applied external work to the induced strain energy and inversely solves for the multi-linear model. A numerical technique based on Kalman filter stochastically identifies multi-linear coefficients and constructs the multi-linear model by modeling prior knowledge and empirical knowledge probabilistically. Since the coefficients are estimated with their associated variance, differential entropy can measure the certainty of all estimated coefficients as a single quantity. The validity of the proposed technique in estimating the multi-linear coefficients has been first demonstrated using pseudo-experimental data created by the finite element analysis. Further investigation of the effectiveness of the proposed technique under different measurement noises show its stable ability for nonlinear characterization of anisotropic materials.
Early Environment and Neurobehavioral Development Predict Adult Temperament Clusters (2012)

Our finding that a consistent set of life course measures predict temperament clusters indicate that these clusters represent distinct developmental temperament trajectories and that information about a subset of life course measures has implications for adult health outcomes.
Validation of a Load Carriage Simulation (2004)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper presents a validation study of a physics-based simulation of human walking. We simulated four different subjects walking on the level with nine different backpacks. Compared against experimental data of subjects under the same conditions, simulation results are shown to predict peak ground reaction forces, joint angles, and the subjects’ adjustment to lean angle necessary to dynamically balance the load and achieve stable walking at 1.4 m/s.&lt;/div&gt;
The optimal problems for torsional rigidity (2021)

<abstract> In this paper, we consider the optimization problems associated with the nonhomogeneous and homogeneous Orlicz mixed torsional rigidities by investigating the properties of the corresponding mixed torsional rigidity. As the main results, the existence and the continuity of the solutions to these problems are proved. </abstract>
Packing and Size Determination of Colloidal Nanoclusters (2010)

Here we demonstrate a rapid and quantitative means to characterize the size and packing structure of small clusters of nanoparticles in colloidal suspension. Clustering and aggregation play important roles in a wide variety of phenomena of both scientific and technical importance, yet characterizing the packing of nanoparticles within small clusters and predicting their aerodynamic size remains challenging because available techniques can lack adequate resolution and sensitivity for clusters smaller than 100 nm (optical techniques), perturb the packing arrangement (electron microscopies), or provide only an ensemble average (light scattering techniques). In this article, we use electrospray-differential mobility analysis (ES-DMA), a technique that exerts electrical and drag forces on the clusters, to determine the size and packing of small clusters. We provide an analytical model to determine the mobility size of various packing geometries based on the projected area of the clusters. Data for clusters aggregated from nominally 10 nm gold particles and nonenveloped viruses of various sizes show good agreement between measured and predicted cluster sizes for close-packed spheres.
DeepIFC: virtual fluorescent labeling of blood cells in imaging flow cytometry data with deep learning (2022)

ABSTRACT Imaging flow cytometry (IFC) combines flow cytometry with microscopy, allowing rapid characterization of cellular and molecular properties via high-throughput single-cell fluorescent imaging. However, fluorescent labeling is costly and time-consuming. We present a computational method called DeepIFC based on the Inception U-Net neural network architecture, able to generate fluorescent marker images and learn morphological features from IFC brightfield and darkfield images. Furthermore, the DeepIFC workflow identifies cell types from the generated fluorescent images and visualizes the single-cell features generated in a 2D space. We demonstrate that rarer cell types are predicted well when a balanced data set is used to train the model, and the model is able to recognize red blood cells not seen during model training as a distinct entity. In summary, DeepIFC allows accurate cell reconstruction, typing and recognition of unseen cell types from brightfield and darkfield images via virtual fluorescent labeling.
A study of non-unique solutions of the two-dimensional boundary layer equations at laminar separation and reattachment points (1983)

Nonunique laminar boundary layer equation solutions in direct problem calculations are identified for the case of accelerating flow. As a separation or reattachment point is approached, the multiple solutions approach each other and become identical. The computer code used to generate these results was developed for the solution of compressible, laminar or turbulent boundary layer, and free wake problems, in either direct or inverse mode. Similarity solutions in either a primitive variable or a stream function form are possible, and the resulting equations are solved by means of a modified Keller's Box scheme in which the energy equation and turbulence modeling equations are solved simultaneously with the continuity and momentum equations. Examples illustrating the nature of the solutions at the separation and reattachment points are presented.
Improving autonomous vehicle in‐traffic safety using learning‐based action governor (2022)

Abstract The Action Governor (AG) is a supervisory scheme augmenting a nominal control system in order to enhance the system's safety and performance. It acts as an action filter, monitoring the action commands generated by the nominal control policy and adjusting the ones that might lead to undesirable system behavior. In this article, we present an approach based on learning to developing an AG for autonomous vehicle (AV) decision policies to improve their safety for operating in mixed‐autonomy traffic (i.e., traffic involving both AVs and human‐operated vehicles (HVs)). To achieve this, we demonstrate that it is possible to train the AG in a traffic simulator that is capable of representing in‐traffic interactions among AVs and HVs. We illustrate the effectiveness of this learning‐based AG approach to improving AV in‐traffic safety through simulation case studies.
Acoustic feedback and echo cancellation strategies for multiple-microphone and single-loudspeaker systems (2011)

Acoustic feedback/echo cancellation in a multiple-microphone and single-loudspeaker system is often carried out using a cancellation filter for each microphone channel, and the filters are adaptively estimated, independently of each other. In this work, we consider another strategy by estimating all the cancellation filters jointly and in this way exploit information from all microphone channels. We determine the statistical system behavior for the joint estimation strategy in terms of the convergence rate and steady-state behavior across time and frequency. We assess if an improved cancellation performance is achievable compared to the independent estimation strategy. Furthermore, we relate the joint estimation strategy to a stereophonic acoustic echo cancellation system and provide analytic expressions for its system behavior.
A collaborative filtering approach to ad recommendation using the query-ad click graph (2009)

Search engine logs contain a large amount of click-through data that can be leveraged as soft indicators of relevance. In this paper we address the sponsored search retrieval problem which is to find and rank relevant ads to a search query. We propose a new technique to determine the relevance of an ad document for a search query using click-through data. The method builds on a collaborative filtering approach to discover new ads related to a query using a click graph. It is implemented on a graph with several million edges and scales to larger sizes easily. The proposed method is compared to three different baselines that are state-of-the-art for a commercial search engine. Evaluations on editorial data indicate that the model discovers many new ads not retrieved by the baseline methods. The ads from the new approach are on average of better quality than the baselines.
Sourcing Photoreceptor-like Cells for Treating Vision Loss (2020)

Loss of retinal photoreceptor cells is a critical event in loss of vision. A new, albeit tentative, strategy to rectify the loss of photoreceptor cells involves reprogramming fibroblasts into chemically induced photoreceptor-like cells.
Novel Si-based composite thin films for 193/157-nm attenuated phase-shift mask (APSM) applications (2001)

We have developed a novel Si-based composite thin film for attenuated phase shift mask(APSM) applications at 193/157 nm wavelength. The fabrication involved sputtering deposition, either with dual target or a single composite target. At 193 nm, these thin films show tunable optical transmission and good stability against long term radiation, common chemicals used to strip photoresist, and exhibit good dry etch selectivity to quartz. Specifically, a film with initial transmission of 5.72%,the total increase oftransmission was 0.27% for doses up to 5.4 kJ/cm2. Also, the increase of transmission was 0.19% after 60 mm of cleaning treatment in acid based solution (H2S04H20210:1 at 95°C). The dry etch selectivity over fused quartz was greater than 5:1. The transmission of the films at 193 nm can be tuned from 0 % to 20 % by varying the thin film composition, process gas flow and composition, and deposition pressure. This wide transmission window provides the possible extension down to 157 nm wavelength.
Nanodomain (2016)

In the past, aggregation and self-assembly have been associated principally with micellar and colloidal systems of molecules; however, with the advent of supramolecular chemistry, molecular self-assembly has been opened to a much wider understanding that has facilitated access to a variety of different shapes and sizes, along with the construction of new and fascinating molecular topologies. This document aims at defining more than 150 terms related to aggregation and self-assembly in the particular case of macromolecules. The list is restricted to the most commonly encountered terms.
Production of inflammatory cytokines by peripheral blood monocytes in chronic alcoholism: Relationship with ethanol intake and liver disease (2007)

Our results show an altered pattern of production of inflammatory cytokines in PB monocytes from chronic alcoholic patients, the exact abnormalities observed depending on both the status of EtOH intake and the existence of alcoholic liver disease.
Two-shot X-ray dark-field imaging (2016)

In this article, we report on a novel acquisition scheme for time- and dose-saving retrieval of dark-field data in grating-based phase-contrast imaging. In comparison to currently available techniques, the proposed approach only requires two phase steps. More importantly, our method is capable of accurately retrieving the dark-field signal where conventional approaches fail, for instance in the case of very low photon statistics. Finally, we successfully extend two-shot dark-field imaging to tomographic investigations, by implementing an iterative reconstruction with appropriate weights. Our results indicate an important progression towards the clinical feasibility of dark-field tomography.
Optimal noise matching condition for mutually-coupled antenna arrays (2007)

It has long been appreciated that mutual coupling affects the signal correlation at the outputs of a receiving array. For the signal response, a decoupled array has maximum discrimination between different signal multipath arrival angles, leading to optimal performance from an antenna diversity point of view in a multipath environment with uniformly distributed arrival angles. Matching networks have been designed for specific array configurations to achieve this decoupling. More recently, it has been demonstrated that an array must be decoupled in order to obtain optimal system noise performance. Using the network models developed, it can be proved that system noise for an array attached to low noise amplifiers (LNAs) is minimized over all possible signal arrival angles only if the array appears effectively uncoupled to the amplifiers. If an array is mutually coupled, to minimize amplifier noise a multiport matching network must be inserted between the array output ports and the amplifier input ports that decouples the array and diagonalizes the effective mutual impedance matrix seen by the amplifiers looking into the matching network. In this paper, we discuss some of the physical implications of this optimal multiport noise matching condition for a mutually coupled array.