gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract 12972: Ultrasound of the Spleen Reduces Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Stimulating a Splenic Anti-inflammatory Pathway (2015)

Background: Accumulating evidence now shows that a cardio-splenic axis plays critical role in post-ischemic reperfusion injury of the heart. Here, we tested a nonpharmacologic, noninvasive, ultrasound-based treatment of the spleen to reduce myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice. Methods and Results: C57BL6 (B6) mice and IL-10 Knockout (KO) mice underwent 40 min of LAD occlusion followed by 60 min of reperfusion. Ultrasound of the spleen (US-treated, US-T) versus ultrasound of the liver (US-control, US-C) was performed 24 hours before LAD occlusion. The TTC &amp; Blue staining results showed that risk regions of all groups were identical. US-treated mice had significantly smaller myocardial infarct size than the US-control mice (p&lt;0.05). In B6 mice, splenectomy (SPLX) performed 30 min before ischemia reduced infarct size. Acute adoptive transfer of splenocytes (SPAT) from US-control B6 mice performed 25 min before ischemia significantly exacerbated the infarct size in SPLX mice. However, SPAT of the US-treated splenocytes abrogated this exacerbation of the infarct size (Figure). Western blot analysis showed that ultrasound significantly increased the splenic phosphorylation Akt levels at 24 hours after US treatment. Furthermore, splenic ultrasound failed to protect the myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in IL-10 KO mice. Conclusions: These results suggested that an ultrasound-based treatment could have therapeutic potential for attenuation of post-ischemic myocardial reperfusion injury, possibly by stimulating a splenic anti-inflammatory effect via an Akt-IL-10 Pathway.
Residues in the Murine Leukemia Virus Capsid That Differentially Govern Resistance to Mouse Fv1 and Human Ref1 Restrictions (2005)

We identified new residues within a 101-amino-acid stretch of the murine leukemia virus capsid that differentially modulate resistance and susceptibility to the mouse Fv1 and human Ref1 genes. Among these residues, aspartate 92 and histidine 117 are both required for Fv1(b) resistance, whereas the latter is sufficient to confer Ref1 resistance.
Corrigendum to “Functionality of a next generation biosynthetic bacterial 6-phytase in enhancing phosphorus availability to weaned piglets fed a corn-soybean meal-based diet without added inorganic phosphate” [Animal Nutrition 6/1 (2020) 24–30] (2021)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2019.11.003.].
Joint Power Allocation and Load Balancing Optimization for\n Energy-Efficient Cell-Free Massive MIMO Networks (2020)

Large-scale distributed antenna systems with many access points (APs) that\nserve the users by coherent joint transmission is being considered for\n5G-and-beyond networks. The technology is called Cell-free Massive MIMO and can\nprovide a more uniform service level to the users than a conventional cellular\ntopology. For a given user set, only a subset of the APs is likely needed to\nsatisfy the users' performance demands, particularly outside the peak traffic\nhours. To find achieve an energy-efficient load balancing, we minimize the\ntotal downlink power consumption at the APs, considering both the transmit\npowers and hardware dissipation. APs can be temporarily turned off to reduce\nthe latter part. The formulated optimization problem is non-convex but,\nnevertheless, a globally optimal solution is obtained by solving a\nmixed-integer second-order cone program. Since the computational complexity is\nprohibitive for real-time implementation, we also propose two low-complexity\nalgorithms that exploit the inherent group-sparsity and the optimized transmit\npowers in the problem formulation. Numerical results manifest that our\noptimization algorithms can greatly reduce the power consumption compared to\nkeeping all APs turned on and only minimizing the transmit powers. Moreover,\nthe low-complexity algorithms can effectively handle the power allocation and\nAP activation for large-scale networks.\n
Phase-Locked Coherent Demodulator With Feedback and Sampling for Optically Phase-Modulated Microwave Links (2008)

A novel phase-locked coherent optical phase demodulator with feedback and sampling is presented and investigated for high-linearity microwave photonic links. The overall receiver concept is novel in terms that we use feedback loop for linear phase demodulation and optical sampling to achieve operation at high RF signal frequencies. The phase-locked demodulator is to be used for RF signal demodulation of optically phase-modulated analog links. We aim at operating the demodulator for short-range applications since the demodulator only recovers the phase. A new time-domain numerical model is developed and the calculated results are in good agreement with measurements. The effect of amplitude and timing jitter associated with the optical pulse source is also taken into account. Stochastic Euler scheme is used to solve stochastic differential equations associated with amplitude and timing jitter. Using the model, we investigate how loop gain, tracking phase-modulator nonlinearities and amplitude modulation influence the signal-to-intermodulation ratio (SIR) of the demodulated signal. Furthermore, in order to alleviate nonlinearities associated with the tracking phase modulator, we report on a novel cancellation technique. The proposed cancellation technique is input RF signal power and frequency independent leading to a significant increase in dynamic range of the coherent demodulator. This technique demonstrates that large values of the signal-to-intermodulation ratio of the demodulated signal can be obtained even though the tracking phase modulator is fairly nonlinear, and thereby relaxing the linearity requirements for the tracking phase modulator. The demodulator is capable of operating at high frequencies, by using optical sampling to downconvert the high-frequency input RF signal to the frequency range of the baseband loop. Using the model the effect of optical sampling on the signal demodulation is investigated. The simulation results show that the operation of the sampling demodulator resembles the operation of the baseband demodulator for very short optical pulses (<2 ps). We also investigate how signal-to-noise-ratio of the demodulator is affected by timing and amplitude jitter of the pulsed optical source. Finally, experimental demonstration of the sampling loop using the phase-locked demodulator is presented. We show that an improvement of 14.1 dB in spur-free-dynamic-range is obtained using the proposed phase-locked coherent demodulator compared to the open loop sampling.
Stability of Random Access Wireless Mesh Networks (2008)

We study both theoretically and experimentally the stability of a CSMA-based linear wireless mesh network, where the network is said to be stable if and only if the queue of each relay node remains (almost surely) finite. We identify two key factors that impact stability: the network size and the so-called âstealing effectâ, a consequence of the hidden node problem and non-zero propagation delays. We consider the case of a greedy source and prove, by using Fosterâs theorem, that 3-hop networks are stable, but only if the stealing effect is accounted for. On the other hand, we prove that 4-hop networks are always unstable (even with the stealing effect) and provide analytical and numerical evidences that instability extends to networks of larger size. Next we devise a stabilization strategy that throttles the source and we prove that there exists a finite, non-zero rate at which the source can transmit while keeping the system stable. We run experiments on a testbed composed of IEEE 802.11 nodes, which confirm the contrasting behavior of 3-hop and 4-hop networks and the effectiveness of our stabilization strategy.
Targeting the Incretin/Glucagon System With Triagonists to Treat Diabetes (2018)

Glucagonlike peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists have been efficacious for the treatment of type 2 diabetes due to their ability to reduce weight and attenuate hyperglycemia. However, the activity of glucagonlike peptide 1 receptor-directed strategies is submaximal, and the only potent, sustainable treatment of metabolic dysfunction is bariatric surgery, necessitating the development of unique therapeutics. GLP-1 is structurally related to glucagon and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), allowing for the development of intermixed, unimolecular peptides with activity at each of their respective receptors. In this review, we discuss the range of tissue targets and added benefits afforded by the inclusion of each of GIP and glucagon. We discuss considerations for the development of sequence-intermixed dual agonists and triagonists, highlighting the importance of evaluating balanced signaling at the targeted receptors. Several multireceptor agonist peptides have been developed and evaluated, and the key preclinical and clinical findings are reviewed in detail. The biological activity of these multireceptor agonists are founded in the success of GLP-1-directed strategies; by including GIP and glucagon components, these multireceptor agonists are thought to enhance GLP-1's activities by broadening the tissue targets and synergizing at tissues that express multiple receptors, such at the brain and pancreatic islet β cells. The development and utility of balanced, unimolecular multireceptor agonists provide both a useful tool for querying the actions of incretins and glucagon during metabolic disease and a unique drug class to treat type 2 diabetes with unprecedented efficacy.
Shear stress alters pleural mesothelial cell permeability in culture (1996)

The sliding motion of the lung against the chest wall creates a shear stress in the pleural space, which can be as high as 60 dyn/cm2, depending on the respiration rate. Such shear stresses may affect the mesothelial cells that line the pleural space on the lung (visceral pleura) and chest wall (parietal pleura). When exposed to shear stress (17 dyn/cm2) in a parallel-plate flow chamber for 22 h, rat visceral pleura mesothelial cells were not altered morphologically and did not align in the direction of flow, in contrast to the shape changes observed for bovine aortic endothelial cells. By using mesothelial cells cultured on porous microcarrier beads, we measured the permeability of the cells at different flows in a cell-column chromatography assay. The permeabilities to sodium fluorescein and cyanocobalamin increased from 8.2 +/- 1.0 and 7.8 +/- 0.7 x 10(-5) cm/s to 22.5 +/- 1.2 and 21.8 +/- 3.0 x 10(-5) cm/s, respectively, when the flow was increased from 0.9 to 3.5 ml/min (corresponding to average shear stresses of 4.7-18.4 dyn/cm2). The permeabilities returned to baseline values when the flow was reduced. Cytochalasin D stimulated an increase in permeability that was not augmented by a subsequent increase in shear stress. These results suggest that the barrier function of mesothelial cells is responsive to changes in fluid shear stress.
Polarization-correlated photon pairs from a single quantum dot (2002)

Polarization correlation in a linear basis, but not entanglement, is observed between the biexciton and single-exciton photons emitted by a single InAs quantum dot in a two-photon cascade. The results are well described quantitatively by a probabilistic model that includes two decay paths for a biexciton through a nondegenerate pair of one-exciton states, with the polarization of the emitted photons depending on the decay path. The results show that spin nondegeneracy due to quantum-dot asymmetry is a significant obstacle to the realization of an entangled-photon generation device.
Implicit Modeling -- A Generalization of Discriminative and Generative Approaches (2016)

We propose a new modeling approach that is a generalization of generative and discriminative models. The core idea is to use an implicit parameterization of a joint probability distribution by specifying only the conditional distributions. The proposed scheme combines the advantages of both worlds -- it can use powerful complex discriminative models as its parts, having at the same time better generalization capabilities. We thoroughly evaluate the proposed method for a simple classification task with artificial data and illustrate its advantages for real-word scenarios on a semantic image segmentation problem.
Synthese von Mono- und Di(oxopyri)porphyrinen durch Ringerweiterung mit Diazomethan (1999)

Einen neuen Ansatz zur Modifizierung von Porphyrinen bieten Ringerweiterungen mit Diazomethan: Die Behandlung von Dioxochlorinen (siehe Schema) und Tetraoxobacteriochlorinen mit Diazomethan fuhrt zur Bildung entsprechender Mono- und Di(oxopyri)porphyrine.
Fatty Pancreas, Insulin Resistance, and β-Cell Function: A Population Study Using Fat-Water Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2014)

In all, 16.1% of this community cohort of adult Hong Kong Chinese volunteers had a fatty pancreas by our definition. Central obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, and hyperferritinemia are associated with fatty pancreas. Individuals with fatty pancreas have increased IR.
Immunotoxic Effects of Mercuric Compounds on Human Lymphocytes and Monocytes. III. Alterations in b-cell Function and Viability (1993)

The major goal of the study was to determine the effects of high and low levels of mercury on human B-cells. Following treatment of B-cells with HgCl2 (0-1000 ng) and MeHgCl2 (0-100 ng), their activation by mitogens was evaluated. Both forms of mercury caused a dose dependent reduction in B-cell proliferation in the presence or absence of monocytes. MeHgCl was approximately 10 times more potent than HgCl2. Mercury also inhibited the ability of these cells to synthesize IgM and IgG. Analysis of the expression of activation markers indicated that CD69, an early marker of cell activation, was not effected by mercury. In comparison, B-cell expression of the low affinity IgE receptor and the transferrin receptor were significantly reduced. Of particular interest, cells activated by mitogen for 48 hr became refractory to the immunotoxic effects of mercury. When exposed to high levels of HgCl2 (0.5-10 micrograms/ml) and MeHgCl (0.05-1 micrograms/ml), there was minimal reduction in B-cell viability at 1-4 hr, however, after exposure to mercury for 24 hr, cell death was apparent. MeHgCl was approximately 5-10 times more potent than HgCl2. Electron microscopic analysis revealed early nuclear alterations characterized by hyperchromaticity, nuclear fragmentation and condensation of nucleoplasm. Both forms of mercury caused a rapid and sustained elevation in the intracellular levels of Ca++. The results of this investigation clearly show that mercury-containing compounds are immunomodulatory; moreover, the decrease in B-cell function indicates that this metal is immunotoxic at very low exposure levels. Furthermore, the cytotoxic events are consistent with the notion that mercury initiates changes associated with programmed cell death.
A Chiral Pool Based Synthesis of Platensimycin (2008)

Ein direkter Weg führt zu dem Tetracyclus 2, einer späten Zwischenstufe in der Synthese des Breitbandantibiotikums (−)-Platensimycin (1). Zu diesem Zweck wird (R)-(−)-Carvon, eine billige Ausgangsverbindung aus dem chiralen Pool, einer Reihe von Cyclisierungen unterzogen. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2008/z705080_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Janitor run: Studying the effects of realistic mirror world like game scenes on game experience (2017)

Realistic 3D models of buildings exteriors and interiors are becoming available and have a great potential to be used also as game scenes. We sought out to explore the familiarity to the game scene in relation to the game experience. For this purpose we implemented a racing game prototype set on a realistic mirror world like campus model. We deployed our game, Janitor Run, via several communications channels and had 29 answers on game experience questionnaire. Based on our results the players who visit the campus often felt less tired post-game whereas the players who visit the campus seldom had a higher positive experience and harder time returning to reality after game-play.
Non-Nutritive Suckling System for Real-Time Characterization of Intraoral Vacuum Profile in Full Term Neonates (2022)

Abstract Infant breastfeeding diagnostics remain subjective due to the absence of instrumentation to objectively measure and understand infant oral motor skills and suckling characteristics. Qualitative diagnostic exams, such as the digital suck assessment which relies upon a clinician’s gloved finger inserted into the infant’s mouth, produce a diversity of diagnoses and intervention pathways due to their subjective nature. In this paper, we report on the design of a non-nutritive suckling (NNS) system which quantifies and analyzes quantitative intraoral vacuum and sucking patterns of full-term neonates in real time. In our study, we evaluate thirty neonate suckling profiles to demonstrate the technical and clinical feasibility of the system. We successfully extract the mean suck vacuum, maximum suck vacuum, frequency, burst duration, number of sucks per burst, number of sucks per minute, and number of bursts per minute. In addition, we highlight the discovery of three intraoral vacuum profile shapes that are found to be correlated to different levels of suckling characteristics. These results establish a framework for future studies to evaluate oromotor dysfunction that affect the appearance of these signals based on established normal profiles. Ultimately, with the ability to easily and quickly capture intraoral vacuum data, clinicians can more accurately perform suckling assessments to provide timely intervention and assist mothers and infants towards successful breastfeeding outcomes.
Malignant ventricular arrhythmias are well tolerated in patients receiving long-term left ventricular assist devices (1994)

Absence of right ventricular contraction during malignant ventricular arrhythmias is well tolerated in recipients of a left ventricular assist device. The diagnosis of malignant arrhythmia should be suspected if an unexplained decrease in left ventricular assist device flow occurs. Early electrical cardioversion is warranted to avoid both thrombus formation in the native heart and right ventricular myocardial injury from prolonged fibrillation.
Disulfide Exchange in Hydrogen-Bonded Cyclic Assemblies:  Stereochemical Self-Selection by Double Dynamic Chemistry (2005)

Stereoselective cyclization of cystine-based bifunctional 2-ureido-4[1H]-pyrimidinone derivatives in CDCl(3) solutions was demonstrated by (1)H NMR spectroscopy. Thiolate-catalyzed disulfide exchange in solution led to the equilibration of different diastereomers of 1. At low concentrations, where formation of cyclic assemblies is the dominant mode of association, the molecules act as their own template. At these concentrations the meso diastereomer is formed preferentially, indicating a higher stability of its cyclic assemblies under the applied conditions, in comparison to the other diastereomers.
Successful Interference with Cellular Immune Responses to Immunogenic Proteins Encoded by Recombinant Viral Vectors (2001)

Vectors derived from the adeno-associated virus (AAV) have been successfully used for the long-term expression of therapeutic genes in animal models and patients. One of the major advantages of these vectors is the absence of deleterious immune responses following gene transfer. However, AAV vectors, when used in vaccination studies, can result in efficient humoral and cellular responses against the transgene product. It is therefore important to understand the factors which influence the establishment of these immune responses in order to design safe and efficient procedures for AAV-based gene therapies. We have compared T-cell activation against a strongly immunogenic protein, the influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA), which is synthesized in skeletal muscle following gene transfer with an adenovirus (Ad) or an AAV vector. In both cases, cellular immune responses resulted in the elimination of transduced muscle fibers within 4 weeks. However, the kinetics of CD4(+) T-cell activation were markedly delayed when AAV vectors were used. Upon recombinant Ad (rAd) gene transfer, T cells were activated both by direct transduction of dendritic cells and by cross-presentation of the transgene product, while upon rAAV gene transfer T cells were only activated by the latter mechanism. These results suggested that activation of the immune system by the transgene product following rAAV-mediated gene transfer might be easier to control than that following rAd-mediated gene transfer. Therefore, we tested protocols aimed at interfering with either antigen presentation by blocking the CD40/CD40L pathway or with the T-cell response by inducing transgene-specific tolerance. Long-term expression of the AAV-HA was achieved in both cases, whereas immune responses against Ad-HA could not be prevented. These data clearly underline the importance of understanding the mechanisms by which vector-encoded proteins are recognized by the immune system in order to specifically interfere with them and to achieve safe and stable gene transfer in clinical trials.
Target DNA chromatinization modulates nicking by L1 endonuclease (2001)

L1 elements are human transposons which replicate via an RNA intermediate. At least 15% of the human genome is composed of L1 sequence. An important initial step in the transposition reaction is nicking of the genomic DNA by L1 endonuclease (L1 EN). In vivo much of the genome exists in the form of chromatin or is undergoing biochemical transactions such as transcription, replication or repair, which may alter the accessibility of the L1 transposition machinery to DNA. To investigate this possibility we have examined the effect of substrate chromatinization on the ability of L1 EN to nick DNA. We find that DNA incorporated into nucleosomes is generally refractory to nicking by L1 EN. Interestingly, nicking of a minority of DNA sequences is enhanced when included in chromatin. Thus, dynamic epigenetic factors such as chromatinization are likely to influence the relatively permanent placement of L1 and other retroelements in the human genome.
Racial tropism of a highly toxic clone of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans associated with juvenile periodontitis (1997)

Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans strains with enhanced levels of production of leukotoxin are characterized by a 530-bp deletion from the promoter region of the leukotoxin gene operon. Previous isolates with this deletion constituted a single clone belonging to serotype b, although they displayed minor differences among each other. We have analyzed the geographic dissemination of this clone by examining 326 A. actinomycetemcomitans isolates from healthy and periodontally diseased individuals as well as from patients with different types of extraoral infections originating from countries worldwide. A total of 38 isolates, all belonging to the same clone, showed the 530-bp deletion. Comparison of a 440-bp sequence from the promoter region of the leukotoxin gene operon from 10 of these strains revealed complete identity, which indicates that the deletion originates from a single mutational event. This particular clone was exclusively associated with localized juvenile periodontitis (LJP). In at least 12 of 28 families from which the clone was isolated, more than one family member had LJP. Notably, all the subjects carrying this clone had a genetic affiliation with the African population. These observations suggest that juvenile periodontitis in some adolescents with an African origin is associated with a disseminating clone of A. actinomycetemcomitans.