gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Single-shot fluorescence lifetime imaging using a novel segmented gated optical intensifier (2004)

Single-shot wide-field fluorescence lifetime imaging based on a novel gated optical intensifier with differential delays to each of four channels is reported. Single-shot FLIM is demonstrated with polymer films, multi-well plate arrays and biological tissue.
Risk of being seropositive for multiple human papillomavirus types among Finnish and Ugandan women (2010)

Although infections with multiple human papillomavirus (HPV) types have been reported widely, more information is needed on the occurrence of the different types. We determined the distribution of seroprevalences to multiple HPV types in Finland and Uganda to compare the epidemiology of the different HPV types in the 2 populations. Serum samples were obtained from 2784 Finnish and 1964 Ugandan women (mean ages 22 y and 25 y, respectively) of whom 44% and 57%, respectively, had antibodies to at least 1 of the 7 HPV types (6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45) tested (p < 0.001). Multiple HPV antibody positivity was common. HPV45-seropositive Finns had a higher risk of having antibodies to other high-risk HPV types: HPV18 (odds ratio (OR) = 10.9), HPV31 (OR 6.1), HPV33 (OR 12.2), than their Ugandan counterparts: HPV18 (OR 3.4), HPV31 (OR 2.2), HPV33 (OR 3.3). Increased estimates for being double antibody-positive were also noted among HPV18- and HPV16-seropositive women, but there were no major differences between HPV16-seropositive Finns and Ugandans. In addition to biological and behavioural factors, iatrogenic and societal factors (screening vs no screening) may also result in the different occurrence of infections with the high-risk HPV types in Finland and Uganda.
A Methodology for Formalizing Model-Inversion Attacks (2016)

Confidentiality of training data induced by releasing machine-learning models, and has recently received increasing attention. Motivated by existing MI attacks and other previous attacks that turn out to be MI "in disguise," this paper initiates a formal study of MI attacks by presenting a game-based methodology. Our methodology uncovers a number of subtle issues, and devising a rigorous game-based definition, analogous to those in cryptography, is an interesting avenue for future work. We describe methodologies for two types of attacks. The first is for black-box attacks, which consider an adversary who infers sensitive values with only oracle access to a model. The second methodology targets the white-box scenario where an adversary has some additional knowledge about the structure of a model. For the restricted class of Boolean models and black-box attacks, we characterize model invertibility using the concept of influence from Boolean analysis in the noiseless case, and connect model invertibility with stable influence in the noisy case. Interestingly, we also discovered an intriguing phenomenon, which we call "invertibility interference," where a highly invertible model quickly becomes highly non-invertible by adding little noise. For the white-box case, we consider a common phenomenon in machine-learning models where the model is a sequential composition of several sub-models. We show, quantitatively, that even very restricted communication between layers could leak a significant amount of information. Perhaps more importantly, our study also unveils unexpected computational power of these restricted communication channels, which, to the best of our knowledge, were not previously known.
<title>Time-resolved 2D pulsed elastography: experiments on tissue-equivalent phantoms and breast in vivo</title> (2001)

Time-resolved 2D Pulsed Elastography is a new elastographic technique for imaging the shear modulus of soft tissues. A low-frequency transient shear wave is sent in the medium while an ultra-fast ultrasonic imaging system acquires frames at a very high frame rate (up to 10,000 frames/s). This ultra-fast ultrasonic imaging system has been specifically developed for this application. It is based on a time-reversal mirror of 128 channels sampled at 50 MHz and having 2 Mbytes random access memory. Displacements induced by the slowly propagating shear wave are measured using the standard cross-correlation technique. The low-frequency excitation is obtained with a device composed of two rods that are placed around the ultrasonic transducer linear array. The rods vibrate perpendicularly to the surface of the tissues. They may be either parallel or perpendicular to the active surface of the array. With this device, large amplitude displacements are observed in the ultrasonic image area. We have measured the spatio- temporal evolution of the displacements induced by the low- frequency (20-100 Hz) shear wave in tissue-equivalent phantoms and breast in-vivo. A direct local inversion is used to recover the shear modulus distribution map in phantoms containing hard regions.
Trends in risk factor control and treatment among patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes between 2000 and 2020: A territory‐wide study (2023)

From 2000 to 2020, glycaemic and lipid control improved significantly, whereas blood pressure control remained static among patients with NAFLD and T2D.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel, Trimeric Mn‐Substituted Undecatungstosilicate, [(β2‐SiW11MnO38OH)3] 15‐. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Interface Characterization and Control of 2D Materials and Heterostructures (2018)

2D materials and heterostructures have attracted significant attention for a variety of nanoelectronic and optoelectronic applications. At the atomically thin limit, the material characteristics and functionalities are dominated by surface chemistry and interface coupling. Therefore, methods for comprehensively characterizing and precisely controlling surfaces and interfaces are required to realize the full technological potential of 2D materials. Here, the surface and interface properties that govern the performance of 2D materials are introduced. Then the experimental approaches that resolve surface and interface phenomena down to the atomic scale, as well as strategies that allow tuning and optimization of interfacial interactions in van der Waals heterostructures, are systematically reviewed. Finally, a future outlook that delineates the remaining challenges and opportunities for 2D material interface characterization and control is presented.
Enhanced Triggering of Local Anesthetic Particles by Photosensitization and Photothermal Effect Using a Common Wavelength (2017)

On-demand pain relief systems would be very helpful additions to the armamentarium of pain management. Near-infrared triggered drug delivery systems have demonstrated the potential to provide such care. However, challenges remain in making such systems as stimulus-sensitive as possible, to enhance depth of tissue penetration, repeatability of triggering, and safety. Here we developed liposomes containing the local anesthetic tetrodotoxin and also containing a photosensitizer and gold nanorods that were excitable at the same near-infrared wavelength. The combination of triggering mechanisms enhanced the photosensitivity and repeatability of the system in vitro when compared with liposomes with a single photoresponsive component. In vivo, on-demand local anesthesia could be induced with a low irradiance and short irradiation duration, and liposomes containing both photosensitizer and gold nanorods were more effective than those containing just one photoresponsive component. Tissue reaction was benign.
Transcriptional network predicts viral set point during acute HIV-1 infection (2012)

Longitudinal gene expression profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with acute HIV-1 infection can be used to create transcriptional network models to early predict viral set point with a high degree of accuracy.
Annulus Monitoring of CO2 Injection Using Wireless Autonomous Distributed Sensor Networks. (2021)

Abstract not provided.
Scalable and reconfigurable optical tapped-delay-line for multichannel equalization and correlation using nonlinear wave mixing and a Kerr frequency comb (2018)

We experimentally demonstrate a scalable and reconfigurable optical tapped-delay-line (TDL) for multichannel equalization and correlation of 20-Gbaud quadrature-phase-shift-keyed (QPSK) signals using nonlinear wave mixing and a microresonator Kerr frequency comb. The optical TDL mainly consists of two stages: one being a multicasting of the original signals in a periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) waveguide with Kerr comb lines functioning as mutually coherent pumps, while the other is a coherent multiplexing of the delayed and weighted signal replicas in a second PPLN. A two- or three-tap optical TDL is demonstrated to simultaneously equalize a distorted QPSK data signal, reducing the error vector magnitude (EVM) from 22.5% to either 19.9% or 18.2%, and search two- or three-symbol patterns on another QPSK signal.
53.2: Invited Paper : Large‐Area Color‐Patterning Technology for AMOLED (2009)

Abstract In this paper, we describe a novel color patterning method for the fabrication of large area full‐color AMOLEDs. Laser Induced Thermal Imaging (LITI) is a laser addressed thermal patterning technology with unique advantages such as excellent uniformity of transfer film thickness, capability of multilayer stack transfer, high resolution and scalability to large‐Size mother glass. We developed and optimized transfer films, structure of OLED layers, and laser scanning conditions for the patterning of evaporated small molecules. As a result, we achieved excellent LITI device stability which yielded the device life time more than 25,000 hrs at 250 cd/m 2 white brightness.
Streptavidin activated hydroxyl radicals enhanced photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical properties of membrane-bound like CaMoO4:Eu3+ hybrid structures (2019)

Protein–inorganic hybrid CaMoO<sub>4</sub>:Eu<sup>3+</sup> microstructures were unveiled as an efficient photocatalyst for water purification.
A novel high power 3 GHz tunable 250 GHz gyrotron for Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (2012)

Designs and implementation of a novel tunable 250 GHz gyrotron oscillator for Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (DNP) experiments with >;10 W output power over most of a 3 GHz band and >;35 W peak power are shown. The bandwidth and power can generate a substantial THz field over the band used for DNP experiments, without the need for sweeping the NMR magnetic field. Substantially improved tunability is achieved by implementing a long (23 mm) interaction cavity that can excite higher order axial modes by changing either the magnetic field of the gyrotron or the cathode potential. This interaction cavity excites the rotating TE <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5,2,q</sub> mode, and an internal mode converter outputs a high-quality microwave beam with >;94% Gaussian content. The gyrotron was integrated into a DNP spectrometer, resulting in 25% improved DNP enhancements.
Retroviral Inhibition by Antisense Oligonucleotides Determined by Intracellular Stability (1994)

A 15-mer oligodeoxyribonucleotide was found to be efficient toward the Friend retrovirus only when modified or encapsulated in liposomes. The nonmodified oligomer was inefficient. We have measured the intracellular stability of this 15-mer when encapsulated or modified and we have observed a direct relationship between the intracellular stability of the oligonucleotides and their antiretroviral efficiency.
TeleGam: Combining Visualization and Verbalization for Interpretable Machine Learning (2019)

While machine learning (ML) continues to find success in solving previously-thought hard problems, interpreting and exploring ML models remains challenging. Recent work has shown that visualizations are a powerful tool to aid debugging, analyzing, and interpreting ML models. However, depending on the complexity of the model (e.g., number of features), interpreting these visualizations can be difficult and may require additional expertise. Alternatively, textual descriptions, or verbalizations, can be a simple, yet effective way to communicate or summarize key aspects about a model, such as the overall trend in a model's predictions or comparisons between pairs of data instances. With the potential benefits of visualizations and verbalizations in mind, we explore how the two can be combined to aid ML interpretability. Specifically, we present a prototype system, TeleGam, that demonstrates how visualizations and verbalizations can collectively support interactive exploration of ML models, for example, generalized additive models (GAMs). We describe TELEGAM's interface and underlying heuristics to generate the verbalizations. We conclude by discussing how TeleGam can serve as a platform to conduct future studies for understanding user expectations and designing novel interfaces for interpretable ML.
Evidence of Tunneling Driven Random Telegraph Noise in Cryo-CMOS (2021)

CMOS technologies operating at cryogenic temperatures play a key role in the successful deployment of quantum computers. While tremendous efforts have been devoted to understanding the de-vice electrostatics, there is a lack of studies on the device performance degradation mechanisms, as for instance bias temperature instability (BTI), in cryogenic environments. To study BTI, typically large-area devices are characterized. However, as we demonstrate, when approaching the cyrogenic temperature regime, the investigation of single defects becomes necessary. Using single defect measurements, we show that even at 4 K, there are active defects causing random tele-graph noise (RTN). We can explain the temperature dependence of the charge transfer mechanism by nuclear tunneling in the framework of the nonradiative multi-phonon (NMP) model. Our measurements and simulations indicate that interface defects are responsible for RTN at cryogenic temperatures. Due to their small relaxation ener-gies and displacements during charge transitions, interface traps have high charge transition rates and do not freeze out, thus playing a cru-cial role for a high-performance operation of noise-sensitive circuits in cryogenic environments.
Bondability of Gold Wire to Gold-Plated Electrodes (1993)

In order to clarify the dependence of wire-bondability on the thickness of plated gold film electrode and the plating method, samples with different film thicknesses were prepared by means of substitution plating, deoxidation plating, and electroplating. After the heat-treatment usually used for the integrated circuit (IC) assembling process, the samples were analyzed by means of Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and then wire-bonded. Thin films were cut out by a microtome from the wire-bonded samples and observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The effect of heat-treatment, plating method and film thickness on the bond strength were investigated by using a shear test for the samples with films plated by the three different methods. The results obtained are as follows.(1) Without heat-treatment the bond strength did not depend on either the film thickness or plating method. (2) The nickel (from the substrate) concentration at the film surface increased with increasing heating period, and as a result the bond shear strength decreased. (3) The strength of samples wire-bonded after heat-treatment recovered when a surface layer of the gold film was removed before wire-bonding.The effect of film thickness and plating method on the wire-bondability to gold plated electrodes is further discussed.
Silk Fibroin-Based Therapeutics for Impaired Wound Healing (2022)

Impaired wound healing can lead to local hypoxia or tissue necrosis and ultimately result in amputation or even death. Various factors can influence the wound healing environment, including bacterial or fungal infections, different disease states, desiccation, edema, and even systemic viral infections such as COVID-19. Silk fibroin, the fibrous structural-protein component in silk, has emerged as a promising treatment for these impaired processes by promoting functional tissue regeneration. Silk fibroin's dynamic properties allow for customizable nanoarchitectures, which can be tailored for effectively treating several wound healing impairments. Different forms of silk fibroin include nanoparticles, biosensors, tissue scaffolds, wound dressings, and novel drug-delivery systems. Silk fibroin can be combined with other biomaterials, such as chitosan or microRNA-bound cerium oxide nanoparticles (CNP), to have a synergistic effect on improving impaired wound healing. This review focuses on the different applications of silk-fibroin-based nanotechnology in improving the wound healing process; here we discuss silk fibroin as a tissue scaffold, topical solution, biosensor, and nanoparticle.
Excited State Absorption of Cr3+ and V2+ Ions Near Laser Wavelengths in Tunable Laser Media* (1987)

Tunable lasers based on vibronic sideband emission of Cr3+ and V2+ in low-to-intermediate crystal fields offer the possibility of efficient operation over a wide tuning range in the near infrared.1 Excited state absorption (ESA) originating from the metastable 4T2 level is, however, a potential problem that could raise lasing thresholds and impair lasing efficiency.
40‐4: High‐Temperature Operational Stability of Deep‐Red Phosphorescent OLED with Exciplex‐Forming Host Material and Guest Material (2019)

Our deep‐red phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) demonstrated a long lifetime at 85°C. This durability was derived not only from a stable exciplex host but also from a dopant with high thermal resistivity. The exciplex host made by a premix technique also worked as well as that made by co‐deposition.
In-vitro activity of flomoxef, a new oxacephem group antibiotic, against Nocardia in comparison with other cephalosporins (1989)

The susceptibility of 113 strains of pathogenic Nocardia, N. asteroides, N. farcinica, N. nova, N. brasiliensis and N. otitidiscaviarum to a new oxacephem antibiotic flomoxef was determined by an agar dilution method in comparison with those of 13 other cephalosporins. Flomoxef was two to 50 times more active against these pathogenic Nocardia than other cephalopsorins tested. However, there were differences in susceptibility to this antibiotic among these Nocardia strains. N. asteroides was the most sensitive species, followed by N. farcinica and N. nova. N. brasiliensis was moderately sensitive and N. otitidiscaviarum was resistant.
Daphnane diterpene hirsein B downregulates melanogenesis in B16 murine melanoma cells by cAMP pathway inhibition (2011)

BackgroundSkin pigmentation serves as protection against ultravio-let-induced skin damage through melanin’s optical andchemical filtering properties [1]. Although melanin playsand important role in skin protection, excessive melaninproduction or hyperpigmentation may lead to skin can-cer. Recently, the inhibition of melanogenesis has beenconsidered as a valid therapeutic target for the manage-ment of advanced melanotic melanomas [2] whichincreases the need for melanogenesis inhibitors that areof plant origin and are not cytotoxic to mammaliancells. The biosynthesis of the pigment melanin is cata-lyzed by the melanogenic enzymes tyrosinase, tyrosinaserelated protein 1 and the dopachrome tautomerase, thetranscriptional regulation of which is being regulated bythe microphthalmia associated transcription factor(Mitf) [3]. Previously, we have reported that hirsein B(HB) or 5b-hydroxyresiniferonol-6a,7a-epoxy-12b-cou-maroyloxy-9,13,14-ortho-decanoate from Thymelaea hir-suta [4] has antimelanogenesis effect (withoutcytotoxicity) on B16 murine melanoma cells by downre-gulating the expressions of the Mitf gene and the mela-nogenic enzymes’ genes [5]. The exact mechanism bywhich hirsein B inhibited the Mitf gene expression, how-ever, has not yet been determined. In melanogenesis, theMitf gene expression can be regulated through thecAMP pathway or the Wnt signaling pathway. Thisstudy aimed to determine the mechanism underlyingthe inhibitory effect of HB onMitf gene in B16 murinemelanoma cells.Materials and methodsTotal RNA was isolated from B16 murine melanomacells (Riken Cell Bank, Tsukuba, Japan) and used forDNA microarray analysis, using chips of 528 spotsloaded with 265 genes prepared by Genopal™ (Mitsu-bishi Rayon Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan), to determine theexpressions of genes for melanogenesis, membrane-bound receptors, tyrosine kinase regulation, melanosometransport, and other cell signal regulation-related genes(including the housekeeping and negative controlgenes). To validate the results, real-time PCR, usingTaqMan FAST 7500 (Applied Biosystems, Foster City,CA, USA) and specific TaqMan primers (Applied Bio-systems, Foster City, CA, USA) for the differentially-expressed genes, was performed.ResultsResults showed that the expressions of theMitf geneand the melanogenic enzymes’ genes were downregu-lated, verifying our previous report [5]. In addition, theexpression of the gene for melanocortin 1 receptor(Mc1r) of the cAMP pathway was downregulated whilemost of the genes that were upregulated are thoseinvolved in the Wnt signaling pathway (Table 1).In mouse, peptide hormones from the pituitary glandbind to the MC1R and stimulate melanin productionthrough the cAMP/PKA signalling pathway [6], by indu-cing changes in the protein phosphorylation and geneexpression, through the MITF gene product.ConclusionsThe results obtained suggest that the significant antime-lanogenesis effect of hirsein B is through the inhibitionof the expression of theMc1r gene of the cAMP path-way. HB may therefore be used as a treatment for
Validation of near infrared spectroscopic (NIRS) imaging using programmable phantoms (2008)

For much of the past decade, we have developed most of the essential hardware and software components needed for practical implementation of dynamic NIRS imaging. Until recently, however, these efforts have been hampered by the lack of calibrating phantoms whose dynamics substantially mimic those seen in tissue. Here we present findings that document the performance of a dynamic phantom based on use of twisted nematic liquid crystal (LC) technology. Programmable time courses of applied voltage cause the opacity of the LC devices, which are embedded in a background matrix consisting of polysiloxane (silicone) admixed with scattering and absorbing materials, to vary in a manner that mimics the spatiotemporal hemodynamic pattern of interest. Methods for producing phantoms with selected absorption and scattering, internal heterogeneity, external geometry, hardness, and number and locations of embedded LCs are described. Also described is a method for overcoming the apparent limitation that arises from LCs being mainly independent of the illumination wavelength. The results presented demonstrate that: the opacity vs. voltage response of LCs are highly stable and repeatable; the dynamic phantom can be driven at physiologically relevant speeds, and will produce time-varying absorption that follows the programmed behavior with high fidelity; image time series recovered from measurements on the phantom have high temporal and spatial location accuracy. Thus the dynamic phantom can fill the need for test media that practitioners may use to confirm the accuracy of computed imaging results, assure the correct operation of imaging hardware, and compare performance of different data analysis algorithms.
Real or Imaginary? Human Metabolism through Nuclear Magnetism (2000)

This account of the beginnings and later applications of the use of nuclear magnetic resonance for noninvasive medical diagnosis was presented at a Symposium held in Oxford, UK, during September 13-15, 2000 to mark the centenary of the birth of Hans Krebs, on August 25, 1900.