gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ESR‐Untersuchungen einer Modell‐Phenoxazinsynthese (1968)

Abstract 2‐Amino‐4.6‐di‐tert.‐butyl‐phenol ( 1 ) kann durch verschiedene Agentien in das entsprechende Phenoxyl 1a übergeführt werden. Dieses Radikal unterliegt weiteren Reaktionen, bei denen schließlich Phenoxazinsysteme entstehen. Der Reaktionsweg und die verschiedenen stabilen paramagnetischen Reaktionsprodukte werden untersucht.
Microchannel Plate (MCP) (2016)

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy’s Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.
Laboratory Evaluation of Water-Swellable Materials for Fracture Shutoff (2008)

Abstract The existence of high permeability features such as fissures, fractures, and eroded out permeability zones, diminishes the sweep efficiency of any water, gas, or polymer flooding. This paper presents the laboratory evaluation of three water-swellable materials (WSM) that can be bullheaded into the well to shut off fractures. The WSM, which swell on contact with water, would be mixed on-the-fly, entering fissures and fracture systems as they swell without invading the matrix of the rock. The rate of absorption can be controlled based on the particle size, carrier fluid, and formation fluid. This conformance technology is also applicable to address circulation-loss problems in production and injection wells. The following materials were evaluated: (1) a polyacrylamide polymer, (2) a chloroprene rubber, and (3) a nitrile rubber. The polyacrylamide polymer is capable of absorbing 30 to 400 times its own weight in water while the two rubbers swell approximately 5 to 10 times their original weight. The WSM were evaluated for effectiveness to: (1) provide controllable swelling rates at different conditions, (2) shut off the flow of water in synthetic cores with simulated fractures at 135°F, and (3) provide long-term thermal stability in H2S and CO2 environments. In addition, the capability of the polyacrylamide polymer to withstand differential pressure was evaluated over time in a core-flow experiment. Discussed are: (1) the methodology used for measurement of swelling properties for each material at different conditions including carrier fluid, particle size, and temperature, and (2) core-flow tests with simulated fractures. These materials are nontoxic and do not contain heavy-metal crosslinkers. Based on this study, these materials present an innovative technology for fracture shutoff and to help control circulation-loss problems. In addition, these materials are resistant to acid contamination in CO2 and H2S environments.
Supplemental Table S4 from The BET Bromodomain Inhibitor OTX015 Affects Pathogenetic Pathways in Preclinical B-cell Tumor Models and Synergizes with Targeted Drugs (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Table S4: List of gene-sets associated with the sensitivity to OTX015.&lt;/p&gt;
Construction of a Miniaturized Chromatic Acclimation Sensor from Cyanobacteria with Reversed Response to a Light Signal (2016)

Cyanobacteria harbor unique photoreceptors, designated as cyanobacteriochromes (CBCRs). In this study, we attempted to engineer the chromatic acclimation sensor CcaS, a CBCR derived from the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. The wild-type CcaS induces gene expression under green light illumination and represses it under red light illumination. We focused on the domain structure of CcaS, which consists of an N-terminal transmembrane helix; a GAF domain, which serves as the sensor domain; a linker region (L1); two PAS domains; a second linker region (L2); and a C-terminal histidine kinase (HK) domain. Truncated versions of the photoreceptor were constructed by removing the L1 linker region and the two PAS domains, and fusing the GAF and HK domains with a truncated linker region. Thus constructed "miniaturized CcaSs" were grouped into four distinct categories according to their responses toward green and red light illumination, with some showing improved gene regulation compared to the wild type. Remarkably, one of the miniaturized CcaSs induced gene expression under red light and repressed it under green light, a reversed response to the light signal compared to wild type CcaS. These characteristics of engineered photoreceptors were discussed by analyzing the CcaS structural model.
P238Efficient gene transfer to human vascular cells in vitro and ex vivo using adenovirus serotype 49 (2014)

Introduction: Neointima formation and vascular remodelling through vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration and proliferation can limit the long term success of coronary interventions, for example in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Gene therapy may provide a novel treatment strategy to improve long-term patency rates and reduce the need for repeat surgery. CABG surgery is potentially suitable for gene therapy as it allows ex vivo treatment of the vein before grafting. Therapeutic gene delivery to endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) using recombinant adenovirus (Ad) 5 can successfully reduce pathological remodelling in experimental animal models. However, the Ad5 receptor coxsackie adenovirus receptor (CAR) is only expressed at low levels on vascular cells. Additionally, the common prevalence of neutralising antibodies against Ad5 in humans may limit the efficacy of Ad5 based gene therapy, although this requires testing in the clinical setting. Thus, alternative Ad serotypes may provide more efficient vascular gene transfer with lower neutralising antibody titer, thereby improving the prospect of effective gene therapy. Here we investigate the potential of Ad49, a novel species D adenovirus, as a vector for vascular gene delivery.&#13;\n&#13;\nMethods and Results: Transduction of primary human VSMCs and ECs with Ad49 was 4 fold higher than Ad5 (p&lt;0.001) and 30 fold higher than Ad35 (p&lt;0.0001) when infected with 1000 viral particles per cell. Ad49 could also transduce HVSMCs more efficiently than Ad5 following a short exposure time &lt;60 minutes. Ex vivo incubation of whole mouse aorta with Ad49GFP resulted in transduction of endothelial cells seen by co-localisation of GFP and CD31 immunohistochemistry. Similarly, luminal infusion of Ad49GFP into intact human saphenous vein ex vivo also resulted in endothelial cell transduction. The Ad49 receptor is unidentified however, blocking CAR, CD46 and removal of sialic acid, classical candidate adenovirus receptors, did not alter Ad49 transduction. Importantly serum neutralisation studies in 103 patient serum samples from Glasgow cardiovascular clinics found Ad5 neutralisation rates were high (40/103) but no pre-existing immunity to Ad49 was observed.&#13;\n&#13;\nIn conclusion, we demonstrate that Ad49 efficiently transduces vascular cells in vitro and ex vivo in intact tissue and may provide a new vector for vascular gene therapy.
Time reversal focusing through a human skull optimized by skull surface detection algorithm (2002)

High-intensity focused ultrasounds are mainly envisioned to cure liver and prostate cancer. In order to cure brain tumors, it has been shown that time reversal coupled with amplitude compensation is an interesting technique to correct the aberrations induced by a human skull. This focusing technique should be improved by compensating the amplitude at the exact location of the skull. To measure the geometrical shape of the skull, two different techniques are investigated and compared in terms of precision and duration of the measurement. The first method is based on the measurement of the propagation time from the array to the skull and back of pulsed signals emitted and received by each pair of transducers of an echographic array of 128 transducers. For each pair, the reflection point on the skull is located on an ellipse whose centers correspond to the positions of the emitting and receiving elements. The envelope of the complete set of ellipses is then extracted, giving the shape of the skull. This technique is compared to echographic imaging of the skull using the same array. Comparisons between these techniques will be presented using the Phased Array Simulation software and the corresponding experimental focusing.
Atomic growing for grid alignment (2021)

Detecting and aligning structured signals such as point grids plays a fundamental role in many signal processing applications. Joint determination of non-grid points and estimation of non-linear spatial distortions applied to the grid is a key challenge for grid alignment. This paper proposes a candidate solution. The method described herein starts from a small nearly regular region found in the point set and then expands the list of candidate points included in the grid. The proposed method was tested on geometrically transformed point sets and sets of locations derived from imagery of 3D prints. It is shown that a low-complexity grid alignment method can nonetheless achieve high grid alignment accuracy.
Further progress in the application of in-situ aberration measurements to pattern-specific imaging optimization (2004)

As introduced previously, all components now exist within the field of Microlithography to accurately measure the aberration content of a projection lens and to apply that information in a lens adjustment optimization procedure. The procedure previously detailed highlighted the use of available in-situ aberration measurement, and utilized the known aberration change response of a given projection lens as a function of lens element movement/adjustment. Various metrics were presented as candidates for inclusion in the optimization function. In any optimization routine, it is this definition of the specific optimization goals that drives the direction of the calculated optimum lens adjustment prescription. This concept has now been applied to several case studies, and tools have been developed to help automate the calculation and subsequent analysis of the optimum solution to a given optimization problem. This paper will discuss examples executed of lens adjustment optimization procedures, including the application of various target optimization functions toward the minimization of various aberration components. Included in the discussion will be the application of Zernike Sensitivity responses of specific patterns and imaging configurations to the optimization sequence. The Zernike Sensitivity treatments serve to bridge the gap between a pure Zernike Coefficient description of a lens and the “imaging performance” that the given lens is capable of. Further, the Zernike Sensitivity calculations can provide a quick overview and comparison of the aberration sensitivity of various patterns, delivering a simultaneously qualitative (e.g. “which aberration impacts the imaging most?”) and quantitative (i.e. “how much change in best focus can I expect from 10 milli-wave of Z9?”) description of the specific case. A summary will be provided of general knowledge gained and lessons learned as they relate to lens adjustment optimization, with an eye towards further progress in this field.
Tspan33 is differentially expressed during B cell differentiation (LYM7P.620) (2015)

Abstract Tetraspanin 33 (Tspan33) is a transmembrane protein highly expressed in activated B cells. Tspan33 is a member of the tetraspanin family, which is characterized by conserved domains and functions. Tetraspanins provide a scaffold for the formation of membrane microdomains, called Tetraspanin Enriched Microdomains. Other members of this family have been implicated in cellular adhesion, motility, invasion and signaling. Tspan33 is important for the Notch signaling pathway, because it is essential for the correct membrane localization of ADAM10, an important sheddase in the Notch pathway. The aim of this study is to describe the expression pattern of Tspan33 in different subsets of human B cells. Peripheral and Umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells were separated using density gradients and cell sorting to separate different B cells subsets based on the markers CD19, CD27, IgD, CD38 and CD24. We then used RT-PCR to measure Tspan33 expression. These results were confirmed by flow cytometry. Our results indicate that Tspan33 is differentially expressed during B cell differentiation, with the lowest expression in Naïve B cells and the highest in the Memory B cell compartment.
Directed Self-assembly on Sparse Chemical Patterns for Lithographic Applications (2009)

650rddJbeCdJr5720U4 Keywordsdirectedself-aSSemblyblockcopolymersreSOlutionenhancementSelf-healingSCalability 1Introduction Pattemlng fbatures with smaller critical dimensions(CDs)allows denser circuitry to be Created and reduces overallper bit production costSemiconductor devices need to be scaled approximately to 70linearly for each technology generationin orderto maintain cost ectiveness driven by the economicsPast lithography scaling has been achieved by Slgnincantincreasein numerical aperture of exposuretooladvancedresolutionenhancement technologyOPtlCal proximlty COrreCtion and advanced materialsHoweverthelithography SOlutionbeyondthe22nmnodeisstillnotclear andlimitedresolutionandCDuniformltyPreSent mqOrChallenges Directed self-aSSembly (DSA) Which COmbines bottom-uP self-aSSembling block COPOlymers with top-down lithographically denedprepattemsubstrateshasbeenconsidered as one of the potential candidates to extend OPticallithography to the15nm nodellA diblock copolymer consists of two COmPOSitionally difrent polymers which are COValently bound and phase separateinto nanometer-SCale domainsIn contrast to COnVentionallithography where the resolution andCDunifomltyOftheresistfbaturesvarywith the exposure conditionthe dimension ofblock COPOlymerdomainsislargelypre-determinedby itsmolecularweightandtheinteractionbetween the blocksWith proper guidance from the lithogrqphically denned pattem SubstrateDSA domains can be precisely positioned relative to the position of a prepattem and multiply the SPatialfrequency through physICal connement l23orimproveCDuniformityoftheprepattem
Processing and Characterization of SiC Platelet/SiC Composites (1995)

Hot pressed j3-SiC and SiC matrix composites containing encapsulated a-SiC platelets were prepared and investigated.The microstructures were characterized using electron microscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy, and x-ray diffraction.Prior to hot pressing, the platelets were either encapsulated with hydrated aluminum sulfate or yttrium hydroxycarbonate (later calcined to form alumina or yttria) from aqueous solutions, or oxidized to form a silica layer.The effect of these interfacial layers on toughness was described.
Endoscopic optical coherence tomography with wide field-of-view for the morphological and functional assessment of the human tympanic membrane (2018)

An endoscopic optical coherence tomography (OCT) system with a wide field-of-view of 8 mm is presented, which combines the image capability of endoscopic imaging at the middle ear with the advantages of functional OCT imaging, allowing a morphological and functional assessment of the human tympanic membrane. The endoscopic tube has a diameter of 3.5 mm and contains gradient-index optics for simultaneous forward-viewing OCT and video endoscopy. The endoscope allows the three-dimensional visualization of nearly the entire tympanic membrane. In addition, the oscillation of the tympanic membrane is measured spatially resolved and in the frequency range between 500 Hz and 5 kHz with 125 Hz resolution, which is realized by phase-resolved Doppler OCT imaging during acoustical excitation with chirp signals. The applicability of the OCT system is demonstrated in vivo. Due to the fast image acquisition, structural and functional measurements are only slightly affected by motion artifacts.
An Efficient Software Stack Sphere Decoder for Polar Codes (2019)

Proved to achieve the symmetric capacity of the binary-input discrete memoryless channels, polar codes have been chosen for the eMBB control channels in the 5th generation mobile communication systems. Besides the main decoding algorithms like successive cancellation (SC) decoding and CRC-aid SC list (CA-SCL) decoding, sphere decoder (SD) and list SD (LSD) are the alternatives for short codes with less required memory bits. Existing SD and LSD attain high calculation complexity, for SD requires a back-tracking process and LSD needs a large list size L to achieve satisfying performance. To reduce complexity, an efficient software stack sphere decoder (ESSD) based on the synchronous determination is firstly proposed in this article. With the dynamic set-by-set decoding in the stack structure, it achieves the lowest complexity in SD-based decoders (SD/LSD/ESSD) while sharing the same performance on low-rate codes and high-rate codes. Compared with the CA-SCL decoder, the complexity and latency of the proposed ESSD are also competitive at high signal-to-noise-ratio on the displayed codes. Implemented on C++, the proposed ESSD reduces 44.77% latency compared with CA-SCL-32 for P(128, 120) at the BER of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-5</sup> with E <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">b</sub> /N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> = 7 dB.
Utility of 30-Day Continuous Ambulatory Monitoring to Identify Patients With Delayed Occurrence of Atrioventricular Block After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (2019)

Background: Mechanical injury in the conduction system requiring permanent pacemaker (PPM) associated with transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) procedure is a common complication. The objective of this study was to use ambulatory monitor BodyGuardian to assess late occurrence of atrioventricular block (AVB) after TAVR. Methods: This prospective study evaluated 365 patients who underwent TAVR at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota between June 2016 and August 2017. Patients who received PPM for bradycardia after TAVR before discharge were considered as the PPM group. Those not requiring PPM received a BodyGuardian system (BodyGuardian group) for 30 days of continuous monitoring. Primary end point was Mobitz II or third-degree atrioventricular block (II/III AVB) at 30-day follow-up. Results: Of 365 patients, 74 who had a PPM or an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator before TAVR and 94 who were enrolled in other studies were excluded. Of 197 patients enrolled in the study, 70 (35.5%) received PPM and 127 had BodyGuardian before the hospital dismissal. Eleven of 127 (8.6%) BodyGuardian group required PPM within 30 days after TAVR for late occurrence of symptomatic bradycardia. In total, 33 of 197 (16.7%) patients developed II/III AVB (24 before and 9 after discharge). Thirty-four patients had preexisting right bundle branch block. Of them, 16 (47%) developed II/III AVB. Of 53 patients who developed new left bundle branch block after TAVR, 14% progressed to II/III AVB within 30 days. Conclusions: In patients without a standard post-TAVR pacing indication, yet a potential risk to develop AVB, a strategy of 30-day monitoring identifies additional patients who require permanent pacing.
Gravel Pack Imager Tool (GPI): Precise and Accurate Knowledge of Gravel Pack Integrity (2010)

Abstract Wood Group Logging Services in collaboration with a major international oil company has developed a new logging tool for gravel pack inspection that is the first tool to collect azimuthal and longitudinal information simultaneously. The tool uses gamma ray scattering to investigate the integrity of the pack close to the screen. It has six detectors that investigate 6 azimuthal segments simultaneously. Included in the tool is an orientation sensor so that all measurements are referenced to the high side of the borehole. This tool is sensitive to voids as small as one inch along the axis of the borehole and voids less than ½-inch in the pack radially from the borehole. The region of investigation is approximately two-inches from the tool, and there is no significant response to materials behind casing. Therefore, the readings are immune to variations in cement thickness and formation density. Initial development of the tool was performed using the Monte Carlo nuclear modeling code, MCNP. Tool prototypes have been tested in sand-pack fixtures built specifically for this project. In addition, field tests have begun in a Wood Group Logging Services test well. Data from the prototype tool in test fixtures were used to validate and benchmark MCNP simulations. Completion fluids with densities from fresh water to 14.5 pounds per gallon were tested, and the tool responds well regardless of fluid. These results provided a high degree of confidence that tool response corresponded to actual conditions. The GPI tool can be run on a wireline or in memory mode in combination with collar locator and gamma ray tools. The tool runs centralized in the borehole. The paper shows examples of the calculations, test fixture and field test results. In addition, sensitivity to nominal environmental effects such as temperature, eccentered positioning, and borehole axis orientation are discussed.
Development of an on-line detection system for internal flaws in as-hot-rolled steel strip using ultrasonic probe array (2003)

A new ultrasonic immersion testing method for the detection of internal flaws in a running steel strip has been developed. An ultrasonic detecting system using this method has been installed in No.6 Pickling Line at Kawasaki Steel Chiba Works. It is confirmed that an inclusion with 5 /spl times/ 10/sup -5/ mm/sup 3/ in the minimum volume in running steel strip can be detected with signal-to-noise ratio in the range of 9- 10dB.
A 1 Gb DRAM for file applications (2002)

A number of large capacity DRAMs have been developed recently for file applications because data storage devices play an important role in high-speed communication and graphic systems. Such file memories must have low power dissipation, high data transfer rate and low cost. A low chip-yield problem is reported to occur in the manufacture of large capacity DRAMs. To address both device requirements and yield limitations, new circuit technologies have been developed for 1 Gb DRAMs. By implementing a time-shared offset cancel sensing scheme and adopting a diagonal bit-line (DBL) cell, the chip size is reduced to 70% of that of a conventional DRAM. A defective word-line Hi-Z standby scheme and a flexible multi-macro architecture produces about twice the yield as that resulting from conventional architecture. 32 b I/Os with a pipeline circuit technique realizes a 400 MB/s data transfer rate. A 1 Gb DRAM with these features uses 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS.