gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Management of recurrent ventricular pseudoaneurysm. (1991)

A 49-year-old man suffered multiple recurrences of pseudoaneurysm following ventricular aneurysmectomy in which Teflon felt strips had been used to reinforce the closure. The pseudoaneurysm was secondary to infection of the cardiac suture line, caused by a pathogen resident in the multifilamented Teflon strips. The patient was treated successfully by removal of all residual foreign material and reinforcement of the suture line with an omental pedicle graft.
Ultraviolet imprinting and aligned ink-jet printing for multilayer patterning of electro-optic polymer modulators (2013)

The present work demonstrates an electro-optic polymer-based Mach-Zehnder (MZ) modulator fabricated utilizing advanced ultraviolet (UV) imprinting and aligned ink-jet printing technologies for patterning and layer deposition. The bottom electrode layer is designed and directly ink-jet printed on the substrate to form the patterned layer. The waveguide structure is formed into a bottom cladding polymer using a transparent flexible mold-based UV imprinting method. All other layers can be ink-jet printed. The top electrode is aligned and printed over the MZ arm. The modulator demonstrates a V-pi of 8 V at 3 kHz. This technology shows great potential in minimizing the fabrication complexity and roll-to-roll compatibility for manufacturing low cost, lightweight, and conformal modulators at high throughput.
An algorithm for tracking vessels in three-dimensional angiograms (1992)

An adaptive algorithm for tracking vessels in three-dimensional angiogram is presented. This algorithm provides the vessel centerline and the vessel cross-section at each point of the centerline. Results obtained in Magnetic Resonance Angiography and 3D Computerized Angiography are discussed.
Third- and Fourth-Generation SERMs (2002)

The new antiestrogens called selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) could well become the best example of the success achievable by biomedical and pharmaceutical research. In fact, the new antiestrogens induce three-dimensional structural changes of the estrogen receptor (ER) that lead to a multitude of different activities of the ER/ antiestrogen complex that are specific for each molecule and for each target cell type. Such ligand-induced modifications of the three-dimensional structure of ER that are unique to each antiestrogen can lead, at one extreme, to a complete blockade of the normal action of estrogens in some tissues whereas in others the same ER complex completely mimics or even surpasses the natural action of estrogens.
Nanostructuring Lipophilic Dyes in Water Using Stable Vesicles, Quatsomes, as Scaffolds and Their Use as Probes for Bioimaging (2018)

A new kind of fluorescent organic nanoparticles (FONs) is obtained using quatsomes (QSs), a family of nanovesicles proposed as scaffolds for the nanostructuration of commercial lipophilic carbocyanines (1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethyl-indocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI), 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethyl-indodicarbocyanine perchlorate (DiD), and 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethyl-indotricarbocyanine iodide (DiR)) in aqueous media. The obtained FONs, prepared by a CO<sub>2</sub> -based technology, show excellent colloidal- and photostability, outperforming other nanoformulations of the dyes, and improve the optical properties of the fluorophores in water. Molecular dynamics simulations provide an atomistic picture of the disposition of the dyes within the membrane. The potential of QSs for biological imaging is demonstrated by performing superresolution microscopy of the DiI-loaded vesicles in vitro and in cells. Therefore, fluorescent QSs constitute an appealing nanomaterial for bioimaging applications.
Studies on the Mechanism of Action of Aspartate Aminotransferase (AspAT) by Cryoenzymological and Isotope Techniques (1987)

SummaryCryoenzymological tools were applied to render enzyme- substrate intermediates of AspAT accessible to kinetic, chemical, and structural analysis. Starting from the pyridoxal or pyridoxamine form of AspAT, single half-reactions of enzymic transamination could be monitored at temperatures below −40°C with the amino acid substrates glutamate, aspartate and cysteine sulfinate. The cryosolvent has no significant effects on the catalytic and structural properties of the enzyme as indicated by virtually unchanged kinetic parameters and a linear Arrhenius plot. Below −60°C the formation of stable intermediates could be followed.In order to understand initial events occurring in the reverse half-reaction of transamination, we investigated the acidity of pyridoxamine 5′-phosphate (PMP) at the pro-S position of C-4′ in its active site environment in the absence of an oxo acid substrate, i.e. independently of the formation of the ketimine intermediate. Reconstitution of mitochondrial apoAspAT with [4′-3H] PMP resulted in a stereospecific exchange of pro-S 3H with solvent. Experiments with various ligands indicate that exchange preferably occurs when the open/closed conformational equilibrium of the enzyme is shifted toward the closed conformation.
Host and Non-host ‘Whistle Stops’ for Psyllids: Molecular Gut Content Analysis by High-Throughput Sequencing Reveals Landscape-Level Movements of Psylloidea (Hemiptera) (2019)

Psyllids (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) are phloem-feeding insects that tend to be highly specific in their host plants. Some species are well-known agricultural pests, often as vectors of plant pathogens. Many pest psyllids colonize agricultural fields from non-crop reproductive hosts or from non-host transitory and winter shelter plants. Uncertainty about which non-crop species serve as sources of psyllids hinders efforts to predict which fields or orchards are at greater risk of being colonized by psyllids. High-throughput sequencing of trnL, trnF, and ITS was used to examine the dietary histories of three pest and two non-pest psyllid species encompassing a diversity of lifecycles: Cacopsylla pyricola (Förster) (Psyllidae), Bactericera cockerelli (Šulc) (Triozidae), Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Liviidae), Aphalara loca Caldwell (Aphalaridae), and a Cacopsylla species complex associated with Salix (Malphighiales: Salicaceae). Results revealed an unexpectedly high level of feeding on non-host species by all five psyllid species. The identification of the dietary history of the psyllids allowed us to infer their landscape-scale movements prior to capture. Our study demonstrates a novel use for gut content analysis-to provide insight into landscape-scale movements of psyllids-thus providing a means to pinpoint the non-crop sources of pest psyllids colonizing agricultural crops. We observed previously unknown psyllid behaviors during our efforts to develop this method and discuss new research directions for the study of psyllid ecology.
Fax from the future ‐2074 (1994)

What will Australian society and medicine be like 80 years from now? In a consummate travesty of the scientific method, we asked an unrepresentative (but distinguished!) sample of doctors and media celebrities to tell us what we might expect. To be precise, we faxed them a few unreliable suggestions and said: “We'd like you to devote about two minutes of very deep thoughtto the matter, then scribble your most serious opinion on a piece of paper and fax (or post) it back to us.” Statistical analysis: Sixteen of 38 faxees responded as faxers. We popped the data through the eggbeater and reached the mandatory conclusions: more research is needed, more training is needed, more funding is needed. Andrew Denton: Did not respond to our fax. Perhaps he thought we were joking. Or perhaps he thought we weren't joking.
MDGA2 is a novel tumour suppressor cooperating with DMAP1 in gastric cancer and is associated with disease outcome (2015)

MDGA2 is a critical tumour suppressor in gastric carcinogenesis; its hypermethylation is an independent prognostic factor in patients with gastric cancer.
A Multi-Sensor Aerogeophysical Study of Afghanistan (2007)

Abstract : A multi-sensor, multidisciplinary aerogeophysical survey over much of Afghanistan was recently conducted by investigators from NRL and the U.S. Geological Survey. The survey was flown aboard an NP-3D Orion aircraft operated by VXS-1. Sensor systems installed on the P-3 included dual gravimeters, scalar and vector magnetometers, a digital photogrammetric camera, a hyperspectral imager, and an L-band polarimetric synthetic aperture radar. Data from all sources was precisely co-registered to the ground by a combination of interferometric-mode Global Positioning System and inertial measurements. The data from this integrated mapping mission supports numerous efforts in Afghanistan: combat operations, economic exploration for oil, gas, and minerals, humanitarian missions, development of civil infrastructure, and agriculture resource management. This mission has also advanced the state of the art in integrated multi-sensor airborne remote sensing.
Organic transistors fabricated by contact coating at liquid-solid interface for nano-structures (2015)

A contact coating method is developed to cover the nano-channels with 100 nm or 200 nm diameter and 400 nm depth with a poly(4-vinylphenol) (PVP). In such coating the nano-channels faces downwards and its vertical position is controlled by a motor. The surface is first lowered to be in immediate contact with the polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVPY) water solution with concentration from 1 to 5 wt%, then pulled at the speed of 0.004 to 0.4 mm/s. By tuning the pulling speed and concentration we can realize conformal, filled, top-only, as well as floating film morphology. For a reproducible liquid detachment from the solid, the sample has a small tilt angle of 3 degree. Contact coating is used to cover the Al grid base of the vertical space-charge-limited transistor with PVPY. Poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) as the semiconductor. The transistor breakdown voltage is raised due to base coverage achieved by contact coating.
Early Lessons From a Worldwide, Multicenter, Followup Study of the Recalled Articular Surface Replacement Hip System (2015)

Level II, therapeutic study.
Comparing flip-chip and wire-bond package effects on a receiver low-noise amplifier (2010)

A comprehensive study based on chip-package co-modeling compares the effects between flip-chip ball-grid-array (FC-BGA) and wire-bond quad-flat-nonlead (WB-QFN) packages on a front-end cascode low-noise amplifier (LNA) in a 2.45 GHz CMOS wireless local area network (WLAN) receiver. In practical applications, the established package models are used to predict the degradation of figure of merit (FOM) for the cascode LNA under packaged condition. Chip-package co-modeling results achieve good agreement with measurements, and thus can persuasively account for the complete effects caused by the two different packages on the cascode LNA.
Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Trisubstituted Cyclopropanes:  Expedient, Atom-Economical, Asymmetric Syntheses of (+)-Bicifadine and DOV21947 (2006)

[reaction: see text] An expedient, atom-economical, asymmetric synthesis of 1-aryl-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes, including (+)-Bicifadine and DOV21947, in a single-stage through process without isolation of any intermediates has been developed. The key of this synthesis is the in-depth mechanistic understanding of the complicated epoxy nitrile coupling at each reaction stage. Therefore, the desired trisubstituted cyclopropane can be prepared in high ee and yield by controlling the reaction pathway through manipulating the nitrile anion aggregation state.
Anchoring and electro-optical dynamics of thin liquid crystalline films in a polyimide cell: Experiment and theory (2006)

The surface-dependent anchoring and electro-optical (EO) dynamics of thin liquid crystalline films have been examined using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. A simple nematic liquid crystal, 4-n-pentyl-4'-cyanobiphenyl (5CB), is confined as 40, 50, and 390 nm thick films in nanocavities defined by gold interdigitated electrode arrays (IDEAs) patterned on polyimide-coated zinc selenide (ZnSe) substrates [Noble et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 124, 15020 (2002)]. New strategies for controlling the anchoring interactions and EO dynamics are explored based on coating a ZnSe surface with an organic polyimide layer in order to both planarize the substrate and induce a planar alignment of the liquid crystalline film. The polyimide layer can be further treated so as to induce a strong alignment of the nematic director along a direction parallel to the electrode digits of the IDEA. Step-scan time-resolved spectroscopy measurements were made to determine the rate constants for the electric-field-induced orientation and thermal relaxation of the 5CB films. In an alternate set of experiments, uncoated ZnSe substrates were polished unidirectionally to produce a grooved surface presenting nanometer-scale corrugations. The dynamical rate constants measured for several nanoscale film thicknesses and equilibrium organizations of the director in these planar alignments show marked sensitivities. The orientation rates are found to vary strongly with both the magnitude of the applied potential and the initial anisotropy of the alignment of the director within the IDEA. The relaxation rates do not vary in this same way. The marked variations seen in EO dynamics can be accounted for by a simple coarse-grained dynamical model.
Improving Road Weather Hazard Products with Vehicle Probe Data (2010)

One of the goals of RITA's IntelliDrive initiative is utilization by the public and private organizations that collect, process, and generate weather products of vehicle sensor data to improve weather and road condition hazard products. Some users may not be able to, or not want to, contend with the complexities associated with vehicle data, such as data quality, representativeness, and format. With funding and support from the U.S. Department of Transportation's RITA IntelliDrive initiative and direction from FHWA's Road Weather Management Program, the National Center for Atmospheric Research is conducting research to develop a vehicle data translator (VDT) to address these vehicle-based data challenges. This paper first describes the VDT quality check (QCh) concept and then examines QCh pass rates for temperature and pressure data collected from 11 specially equipped vehicles operating in the Detroit test bed in April 2009. Results show that temperature pass rates are higher than pressure pass rates. Additionally, pass rates are somewhat affected by vehicle type, vehicle speed, ambient temperature, and precipitation occurrence for both temperature and pressure.
Glutamate Mediated Astrocytic Filtering of Neuronal Activity (2014)

Neuron-astrocyte communication is an important regulatory mechanism in various brain functions but its complexity and role are yet to be fully understood. In particular, the temporal pattern of astrocyte response to neuronal firing has not been fully characterized. Here, we used neuron-astrocyte cultures on multi-electrode arrays coupled to Ca2+ imaging and explored the range of neuronal stimulation frequencies while keeping constant the amount of stimulation. Our results reveal that astrocytes specifically respond to the frequency of neuronal stimulation by intracellular Ca2+ transients, with a clear onset of astrocytic activation at neuron firing rates around 3-5 Hz. The cell-to-cell heterogeneity of the astrocyte Ca2+ response was however large and increasing with stimulation frequency. Astrocytic activation by neurons was abolished with antagonists of type I metabotropic glutamate receptor, validating the glutamate-dependence of this neuron-to-astrocyte pathway. Using a realistic biophysical model of glutamate-based intracellular calcium signaling in astrocytes, we suggest that the stepwise response is due to the supralinear dynamics of intracellular IP3 and that the heterogeneity of the responses may be due to the heterogeneity of the astrocyte-to-astrocyte couplings via gap junction channels. Therefore our results present astrocyte intracellular Ca2+ activity as a nonlinear integrator of glutamate-dependent neuronal activity.
Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) as a novel metabolic target (2016)

We conclude that pharmacological inhibition of FAP enhances levels of FGF21 in obese mice to provide robust metabolic benefits not observed in lean animals, thus validating this enzyme as a novel drug target for the treatment of obesity and diabetes.
Depolarization in Liquid Crystal TV’s (1993)

The polarization properties of a TVT-6000 liquid crystal television have been mapped as a function of bias voltage to the pixels and angle of incidence using a Mueller matrix imaging polarimeter at 632.8 nm.
Chemistry of the annonaceae, Part 29. Structure of mezzettiaside-2, -4, -5, -6 and -7, new partially esterified 1-O-octyl tri- and tetra-rhamnosyl derivatives from Mezzettia leptopoda (1991)

Extensive NMR and MS studies have led to the characterization of mezzettiasides-2, -4, -5, -6 and -7 from the stem bark of Mezzettia leptopoda(Annonaceae). All mezzettiasides isolated to date are based on an octyl 4-O-acetyl-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-2,4-di-O-acetyl-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1 → 3)-4-O-hexanoyl-α-L-rhamnopyranoside nucleus (= mezzettiaside-4). Mezzettiaside-2 has an additional O-acetyl substituent at C-2 of the terminal hexose and mezzettiasides-5 to -7 an additional 1 → 3-linked α-L-rhamnose unit at C-3 of that hexose (=mezzettiaside-7). Mezzettiaside-5 has C-3 of the additional hexose unit O-acetylated; in mezzettiaside-6 C-2 of that unit is O-acetylated
Acute hyperinsulinemia reduces plasma leptin levels in insulin-sensitive Japanese men (2005)

These results demonstrate that insulin sensitivity and adiposity affect the response of leptin and sympathetic nerve activity to acute postprandial hyperinsulinemia.
A general method for convergent synthesis of functionalized exo-glycals based on halogenation and Suzuki cross-coupling of 1-exo-methylene sugars (2002)

Functionalized exo-glycals can be readily obtained by palladium catalyzed Suzuki cross-coupling of halo-exo-glycals with boronic acids.
Periprosthetic Fractures of the Tibia Associated With Total Knee Arthroplasty (1997)

One hundred two periprosthetic tibial fractures associated with total knee arthroplasty were identified in 29 men and 73 women. Eighty-three fractures occurred postoperatively, and 19 occurred intraoperatively. Fractures were classified into four types based on location and proximity to the prosthesis. There were 61 Type I fractures, occurring at the tibial plateau; 22 Type II fractures, occurring adjacent to the prosthetic stem; 17 Type III fractures, occurring distal to the prosthetic stem; and two Type IV fractures, involving the tibial tubercle. Fracture types were additionally classified by whether the prosthesis appeared to be radiographically well fixed (A) or loose (B) at the time of fracture, or whether the fracture occurred intraoperatively (C). The majority of postoperative Types I and II fractures were Types IB and IIB, and these were treated most successfully with revision surgery. Types IIA, IIIA, and IVA fractures were managed successfully by the usual principles of tibial fracture treatment. Type IC fractures usually were managed by intraoperative fixation, Type IIC by bone grafting or external immobilization and weightbearing restrictions, and Type IIIC by conventional fracture management. This classification system provides a guide for determining the appropriate treatment for tibial fractures associated with total knee arthroplasty.
Methods for high-throughput analysis of RNA structure and dynamics (2019)

RNA sequences fold back on themselves to form secondary and tertiary structures that are difficult to predict. Knowledge of these structures and the time-resolved mechanism by which RNA molecules fold into these structures are necessary for a full understanding of structure-function relationships in RNA biology. A newly developed technology, called SHAPE, provides accurate and quantitative RNA structure information. SHAPE chemistry was developed using N-methylisatoic anhydride (NMIA), which is only moderately electrophilic and requires tens of minutes to form ribose 2'-O-adducts. In this work I design and evaluate several classes of significantly more useful reagents for SHAPE chemistry and create a new way to assess RNA tertiary structure in an experimentally straightforward way. First, I design and synthesize a faster reacting reagent for SHAPE chemistry, 1-methyl-7-nitroisatoic anhydride (1M7), based on the NMIA scaffold. With 1M7, single nucleotide resolution interrogation of RNA structure is complete in 70 seconds and appears to be the ideal reagent for equilibrium analysis of RNA structure. Second, I apply SHAPE reagents of varying electrophilicity to identify a class of nucleotides with slow conformational dynamics. The observation is that select C2´-endo nucleotides undergo extremely slow conformational changes on the order of ~10-4 sec-1. Third, I extend SHAPE chemistry to a benzoyl cyanide scaffold to make possible facile time-resolved kinetic studies of RNA in ~1 s snapshots. I then use SHAPE chemistry to follow the time-dependent folding of an RNase P specificity domain RNA and identify a slow folding region in the RNA. I am able to attribute this slow folding step to the conformational dynamics of a single nucleotide. Finally, I show that show that N,N-(dimethylamino)dimethylchlorosilane (DMAS-Cl) reacts selectively at the guanosine N2 position. Critically, DMAS-Cl reactivity yields a near-perfect measure (r greater than or equal to 0.82) of solvent accessibility for this position in a folded RNA. This silane-based chemistry represents a significant improvement over classical approaches that employ carbon electrophiles for probing solvent accessibility at the base pairing face of guanosine in RNA.
Coordinating SON Instances: A Reinforcement Learning Framework (2014)

In Long Term Evolution(LTE) networks one of the main focuses is on automating the network optimization. This is done through so called Self Organizing Network (SON) functions like Mobility Load Balancing (MLB), Mobility Robustness Optimization(MRO) and others. A SON instance is a realization of a SON function that governs (optimizes) one or a cluster of eNBs. The SON functions are built in a standalone manner, i.e. without considering the existence of other SON instances. So they do not necessarily operate in a coordinated fashion, especially in a network where different SON instances may come from different vendors. Thus we face a risk of generating conflicts and instabilities in the network and so this raises the need for a SON COordinator (SONCO) . The SONCO, built from an operator point of view, sees the SON instances as black boxes and has a very limited amount of information on them. In these conditions the SONCO has to solve conflicts and improve the network stability. In this paper we propose a Reinforcement Learning (RL) based solution for coordinating SON instances that run independently on neighboring eNBs and we provide results for a case study with MLB instances. We analyze the scalability of our solution and we provide numerical results showing how improvements in network stability can be obtained.