gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Special issue on advanced flexible electronics for sensing applications [Scanning the Issue] (2015)

This articles in this special issue on flexible hybrid electronics provides insight into the technical problems that must be overcome as well as the new capabilities they will provide. The term, 'flexible hybrid electronics' means different things based on the context in which it is being discussed. It could mean adaptable for multiple applications, but, here the term refers to mechanical properties, although not necessarily precisely defined. Mechanically flexible might mean anything from conformable (nonlinear shape) to bendable or rollable (around a defined radius of curvature), or even foldable and stretchable. Although not well defined, the intent is to differentiate from the rectangular, rigid form factor of conventional semiconductor electronics. Hybrid means heterogeneous integration of conventional electronics with other electronic components (passive devices, sensors, etc.) that could be fabricated using conventional thin-film transistor (TFT) process technology by additive printing (ink jet, gravure, etc.). The purpose is to provide an electronics solution that has adequate performance, but in a low cost, novel form factor because printing offers the ability to inexpensively fabricate structures over large areas on mechanically flexible substrates (plastics, metal sheets, bendable glass). However, integration with conventional electronics such as silicon CMOS is necessary to achieve required performance because TFT and printed devices are significantly inferior to conventionally fabricated devices.
Developing students' listening metacognitive strategies using online videotext self-dictation-generation learning activity (2014)

&lt;span&gt;The study is based on the use of a flexible learning framework to help students improve information processes underlying strategy instruction in EFL listening. By exploiting the online videotext self-dictation-generation (video-SDG) learning activity implemented on the YouTube caption manager platform, the learning cycle was emphasized to promote metacognitive listening development. Two theories were used to guide the online video-SDG learning activity: a student question-generation method and a metacognitive listening training model in a second language (L2). The study investigated how college students in the online video-SDG activity enhanced the use of listening strategies by developing metacognitive listening skills. With emphasis on the metacognitive instructional process, students could promote their listening comprehension of advertisement videos (AVs). Forty-eight students were recruited to participate in the study. Through data collected from the online learning platform, questionnaires, a focus-group interview, and pre- and post- achievement tests, the results revealed that the online video-SDG learning activity could effectively engage students in reflecting upon their perceptions of specific problems countered, listening strategy usages, and strategic knowledge exploited in the metacognitive instructional process. The importance of employing cost-effective online video-SGD learning activities is worthy of consideration in developing students’ metacognitive listening knowledge for enhancing EFL listening strategy instruction.&lt;/span&gt;
Enhancing optical nonlinearity through engineered exciton coupling in organic-inorganic nanocomposites (2013)

We show enhancement in optical nonlinear absorption by engineering the coupling between excitons of 3,4,7,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (NTCDA) and ZnO nanowires. Energy transfer between the excitonic systems and exciton scattering are found to be competing processes.
Device-Related Thrombus After Left Atrial Appendage Closure (2018)

Background: In patients with atrial fibrillation, left atrial appendage closure with the Watchman device prevents thromboembolism from the left atrial appendage; however, thrombus may form on the left atrial face of the device, and then potentially embolize. Herein, we studied the incidence, predictors, and clinical outcome of device-related thrombus (DRT) using a large series of clinical trial cohorts of patients undergoing Watchman implantation. Methods: We studied the device arms of 4 prospective Food and Drug Administration trials: PROTECT-AF (Watchman Left Atrial Appendage System for Embolic Protection in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation) (n=463); PREVAIL (Evaluation of the Watchman LAA Closure Device in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Versus Long Term Warfarin Therapy) (n=269); CAP (Continued Access to PROTECT AF registry) (n=566); and CAP2 (Continued Access to PREVAIL registry) (n=578). Surveillance transesophageal echocardiographs were performed at 45 days and 12 months in all patients, and also at 6 months in the randomized control trials. We assessed both the incidence of DRT during these transesophageal echocardiographs (and other unscheduled transesophageal echocardiographs), and clinical outcomes of postprocedure stroke or systemic embolism (SSE) and adjusted for CHA 2 DS 2 -VASC and HAS-BLED scores. Results: Of 1739 patients who received an implant (7159 patient-years follow-up; CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc=4.0), DRT was seen in 65 patients (3.74%). The rates of SSE with and without DRT were 7.46 and 1.78 per 100 patient-years (adjusted rate ratio, 3.55; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.18–5.79; P &lt;0.001), and ischemic SSE rates were 6.28 and 1.65 per 100 patient-years (adjusted rate ratio, 3.22; 95% CI, 1.90–5.45, P &lt;0.001). On multivariable modeling analysis, the predictors of DRT were as follows: history of transient ischemic attack or stroke (odds ratio [OR], 2.31; 95% CI, 1.26–4.25; P =0.007), permanent atrial fibrillation (OR, 2.24; 95% CI, 1.19–4.20; P =0.012); vascular disease (OR, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.08–3.91; P =0.028); left atrial appendage diameter (OR, 1.06 per mm increase; 95% CI, 1.01–1.12; P =0.019); left ventricular ejection fraction (OR, 0.96 per 1% increase; 95% CI, 0.94–0.99; P =0.009). DRT and SSE both occurred in 17 of 65 patients (26.2%). Of the 19 SSE events in these patients with DRT, 9 of 19 (47.4%) and 12 of 19 (63.2%) occurred within 1 and 6 months of DRT detection. Conversely, after left atrial appendage closure, most SSEs (123/142, 86.62%) occurred in patients without DRT. Conclusions: After left atrial appendage closure with Watchman, DRT (≈3.7%) is not frequent but, when present, is associated with a higher rate of stroke and systemic embolism.
Pleiotropic Effects of Vitamin D on Osteoblast Gene Expression Are Related to the Proliferative and Differentiated State of the Bone Cell Phenotype: Dependency upon Basal Levels of Gene Expression, Duration of Exposure, and Bone Matrix Competency in Normal Rat Osteoblast Cultures* (1991)

Normal rat osteoblasts in culture undergo a developmental sequence consisting of a proliferation period in which high levels of the histone and collagen type I genes are expressed, followed by periods of matrix maturation [high levels of alkaline phosphatase (AP)] and mineralization that signal a high level of production of osteopontin (OP) and osteocalcin (OC). Since these parameters are regulated by vitamin D, the effects of both short term and chronic treatment with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 were examined during osteoblast growth and differentiation. In acute studies, during the proliferation period, histone mRNA (reflecting DNA synthesis) was inhibited (20-60%). Matrix Gla protein (MGP) and OP mRNA were significantly elevated during proliferation (30- and 15-fold), in contrast to OC which is not expressed and was not induced by hormone treatment. OP and MGP remained stimulated throughout the developmental sequence, but to a lesser degree (from 6- to 10-fold). Collagen and AP mRNA were inhibited by hormone at their peak levels of expression, but were stimulated at their lowest basal levels in the mineralization period. OC expression, which was initiated at the onset of mineralization, was stimulated 13- to 15-fold when basal levels were low, then from 6- to 8-fold by hormone throughout its period of expression. In chronic studies a different profile of gene expression was observed. When hormone treatment was initiated during the proliferation period on day 6, type I collagen and AP expression were suppressed, mineralized nodules did not develop, and induced levels of OP and OC gene expression did not occur. When chronic treatment was initiated on day 20 after the development of a mineralized matrix, OC, but not collagen and OP, levels were stimulated by the hormone. This observation is consistent with the requirement of a competent or mineralized bone matrix for expression of OC. In contrast, MGP expression was stimulated in the chronic vitamin D-treated cultures similar to acute treatments. Taken together these studies demonstrate that vitamin D, a physiological mediator of bone formation and remodelling, can both positively and negatively regulate expression of osteoblast phenotypic markers as a function of duration of hormone treatment and basal levels of gene expression, which is a reflection of bone matrix competency and the differentiated state of the osteoblast.
Design and Analysis of Origami-Inspired, Large-Elongation, Reconfigurable Soft Robot Modules (2022)

This work presents the design and analysis of a Yoshimura origami-inspired reconfigurable soft robot capable of achieving elongations up to 800% before fracture. By reconfiguring the modules between serial and parallel attachments, the robot collective can achieve linear motion, curvilinear motion, rotary motion, and locomotion. Experimental data (ie. fatigue, uniaxial tensile testing, and biaxial tensile testing) were used to validate computational results and gain further insight into performance and operational lifetime. Using Newton's second law with a quasi-static assumption, an implicit model relating the end effector position to external forces and pressure was derived. Further, a suite of computational finite element analyses was used to determine structural and buckling behaviors. With these analysis techniques, it was determined that up to 400% elongation, no perceptible damage occurred, making these modules feasible for long-term use.
Anion‐Dependent Switching: Dynamically Controlling the Conformation of Hydrogen‐Bonded Diphenylacetylenes (2011)

With a grain of salt: An anion-dependent switch based on an intramolecularly H-bonded diphenylacetylene is reported. The addition of Cl− causes the conformation of the H-bond acceptor to switch from the urea protons to the amide proton (see scheme; blue N, red O, green Cl), suggesting the use of such systems as fluorescent anion sensors. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
50.4: Three‐dimensional Virtual Retinal Display System using a Deformable Membrane Mirror (2002)

Abstract A deformable membrane mirror is being used to generate multiple focal planes within a scanned light display, or virtual retinal display (VRD). The MEMS deformable mirror changes the focal plane of the display by varying the wavefront of the optical beam entering the eye. Dynamically changing the focal plane will allow the viewer to see 3‐D objects using the natural accommodative response of the eye, unlike current stereographics that rely on retinal disparity. The display system can successfully generate a focal range from infinity to −3 diopters, verified through measurements on human subjects made with a laser autorefractor.
Binary Particle Classification (2014)

Binary particle classification identifies an unknown object in a binary image by comparing a set of its significant features with a set of features that conceptually represent classes of known samples. The Binary Particle Classification method is different from geometric matching and pattern matching in that it is based on particle analysis of binary images. This chapter discusses binary particle classification in detail. Binary particle classification is a fast method when the objects need to be sorted. However, this method will not find occluded objects because the method is based on binary images and two or more occluded objects are considered as one object of a different shape. The chapter uses example images to practice classification function. Finally, the steps for classifying objects using Vision Assistant are provided.
ChemInform Abstract: An Unusual Doubly Substituted Product from the Phase‐Transfer‐ Catalyzed Heck Reactions of o‐Bromobenzaldehydes with Methyl Acrylate. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Separating Test Artifacts from Material Behavior in the Oxidation Studies of HfB2 SiC at 2000 deg C and Above (POSTPRINT) (2012)

Abstract : Oxidation characteristics of HfB2-15 vol% SiC prepared by field-assisted sintering was examined at 2000 deg. C by heating it in a zirconia-resistance furnace and by direct electrical resistance heating of the sample. Limitations of the material and the direct electrical resistance heating apparatus were explored by heating samples multiple times and to temperatures in excess of 2300??C. Oxide scales that developed at 2000 deg C from both methods were similar in that they consisted of a SiO2/HfO2 outer layer, a porous HfO2 layer, and a HfO2 layer depleted of SiC. But they differed in scale thicknesses, impurities present, scale morphology/complexity. Possible test artifacts are discussed.
Nanoscale patterning of in vitro neuronal circuits (2021)

ABSTRACT Methods for patterning neurons in vitro have gradually improved and are used to investigate questions difficult to address in or ex vivo . Though these techniques guide axons between groups of neurons, multiscale control of neuronal connectivity, from circuits to synapses, is yet to be achieved in vitro . As studying neuronal circuits with synaptic resolution in vivo poses significant challenges, an in vitro alternative could serve as a testbed for in vivo experiments or as a platform for validating biophysical and computational models. In this work we use a combination of electron beam and photolithography to create polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) structures with features ranging from 150 nanometers to a few millimeters. Leveraging the difference between average axon and dendritic spine diameters, we restrict axon growth while allowing spines to pass through nanochannels to guide synapse formation between small groups of neurons (i.e. nodes). We show this technique can be used to generate large numbers of isolated feed-forward circuits where connections between nodes are restricted to regions connected by nanochannels. Using a genetically encoded calcium indicator in combination with fluorescently tagged post synaptic protein, PSD-95, we demonstrate functional synapses can form in this region. Although more work needs to be done to control connectivity in vitro , we believe this is a significant step in that direction.
Three-year randomised clinical trial to evaluate the clinical performance, quantitative and qualitative wear patterns of hybrid composite restorations (2009)

The aim of the study was to compare the clinical performance, quantitative and qualitative wear patterns of conventional hybrid (Tetric Ceram), micro-filled hybrid (Gradia Direct Posterior) and nano-hybrid (Tetric EvoCeram, TEC) posterior composite restorations in a 3-year randomised clinical trial. Sixteen Tetric Ceram, 17 TEC and 16 Gradia Direct Posterior restorations were placed in human molars and evaluated at baseline, 6, 12, 24 and 36 months of clinical service according to US Public Health Service criteria. The gypsum replicas at each recall were used for 3D laser scanning to quantify wear, and the epoxy resin replicas were observed under scanning electron microscope to study the qualitative wear patterns. After 3 years of clinical service, the three hybrid restorative materials performed clinically well in posterior cavities. Within the observation period, the nano-hybrid and micro-hybrid restorations evolved better in polishability with improved surface gloss retention than the conventional hybrid counterpart. The three hybrid composites showed enamel-like vertical wear and cavity-size dependant volume loss magnitude. Qualitatively, while the micro-filled and nano-hybrid composite restorations exhibited signs of fatigue similar to the conventional hybrid composite restorations at heavy occlusal contact area, their light occlusal contact areas showed less surface pitting after 3 years of clinical service.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Unsymmetrical 1,4‐Diketones via the Michael‐Stetter Reaction. (1986)

Abstract Der Substituenteneinfluß der durch Natriumcyanid katalysierten Herstellung der Diketone (III), (VI) und (VIII) aus Aldehyden wie (I) und (IV) und Mannich‐Basen wie (II), (V) und (VII) wird untersucht.
Human Corneal Fibroblast Pattern Evolution and Matrix Synthesis on Mechanically Biased Substrates (2016)

In a fibroblast colony model of corneal stromal development, we asked how physiological tension influences the patterning dynamics of fibroblasts and the orientation of deposited extracellular matrix (ECM). Using long-term live-cell microscopy, enabled by an optically accessible mechanobioreactor, a primary human corneal fibroblast colony was cultured on three types of substrates: a mechanically biased, loaded, dense, disorganized collagen substrate (LDDCS), a glass coverslip, and an unloaded, dense, disorganized collagen substrate (UDDCS). On LDDCS, fibroblast orientation and migration along a preferred angle developed early, cell orientation was correlated over long distances, and the colony pattern was stable. On glass, fibroblast orientation was poorly correlated, developed more slowly, and colony patterns were metastable. On UDDCS, cell orientation was correlated over shorter distances compared with LDDCS specimens. On all substrates, the ECM pattern reflected the cell pattern. In summary, mechanically biasing the collagen substrate altered the early migration behavior of individual cells, leading to stable emergent cell patterning, which set the template for newly synthesized ECM.
Scalable Synthesis, In Vitro cccDNA Reduction, and In Vivo Antihepatitis B Virus Activity of a Phosphonomethoxydeoxythreosyl Adenine Prodrug (2020)

Standard literature procedures for the chemical synthesis of l-threose nucleosides generally employ l-ascorbic acid as starting material. Herein, we have explored two alternative routes that start from either l-arabitol or l-diethyl tartrate, both affording 2-<i>O</i>-methyl-l-threofuranose as a key building block for nucleobase incorporation. The access to multigram quantities of this glycosyl donor in a reproducible fashion allows for the preparation of 2'-deoxy-α-l-threofuranosyl phosphonate nucleosides on a large scale. This methodology was applied to the gram scale synthesis of an aryloxy amidate prodrug of phosphonomethoxydeoxythreosyl adenine. This prodrug exerted potent activity against an entecavir-resistant hepatitis B virus (HBV) strain, while leading to a significant reduction in the levels of HBV covalently closed circular DNA in a cellular assay. Furthermore, its remarkable anti-HBV efficacy was also confirmed in vivo using a hydrodynamic injection-based HBV mouse model, without relevant toxicity and systemic exposure occurring.
SeMoPS (2008)

Many experts consider that efficient and effective mobile payment solutions will empower existing e- and m-commerce efforts and unleash the true potential of mobile business. Recently, different mobile payment approaches appear to the market addressing particular needs, but up to now no global mobile payment solution exists. SEMOPS is a secure mobile payment service with an innovative technology and business concept that aims to fully address the challenges the mobile payment domain poses and become a global mobile payment service. We present here a detailed description of the approach, its implementation, and features that diversify it from other systems. We discuss on its business model and try to predict its future impact. The aim is to provide an insight of a new mobile payment service and discuss implementation decisions and scenarios.
Characterization of a dielectric phantom for high‐field magnetic resonance imaging applications (2014)

It is expected that the recipe will be useful for generating dielectric phantoms for general magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) coil development at high magnetic field strength, including coil safety evaluation as well as pulse sequence evaluation (including B₁(+) mapping, B₁(+) shimming, and selective excitation pulse design), and other non-MRI applications which require biologically equivalent dielectric properties.
RARE-16. CASE REPORT: DELAYED DEVELOPMENT OF PSEUDOPROGRESSION IN 2 GLIOBLASTOMA PATIENTS TREATED WITH TTFIELDS (2017)

Pseudoprogression in response to chemoradiation is a recognized problem in treating glioblastoma (GBM) patients. Imaging can show increased T1+C enhancement or FLAIR hyperintensity not associated with histopathological progression. Two indicators for pseudoprogression are positive MGMT methylation status and length of time after initial chemoradiation treatment. Pseudoprogression most commonly occurs 3 months after radiation therapy and can occur up to 6 months later. Tumor treatment fields (TTFields) have been shown to improve progression free and overall survival but has not yet been investigated for its effects on pseudoprogression. We present here the first 2 cases of TTField delayed pseudoprogression. CASE REPORT: Two GBM patients being treated with TTFields showed signs of radiographic progression 5+ months after completing radiation. Patient 1 is a 66-year-old female with a history of breast cancer who presented with new onset seizure. Imaging revealed a right frontal ring-enhancing lesion with diffusely infiltrating FLAIR. Patient 2 is a 47-year-old male with a history of neurofibromatosis and HIV related anal lymphoma. He presented with left sided parasthesia. Imaging found a heterogeneously enhancing right parietal mass. Both patients were diagnosed pathologically with MGMT un-methylated GBM. Chemoradiation treatment was completed followed by temodar (TMZ) plus TTFields. Five and 7 months after radiation treatment, respectively, radiographic progression was noted. A second surgical resection was pathologically evaluated and both cases were discovered to be treatment effect. These are the first 2 known cases of delayed pseudoprogression in patients on adjuvant TMZ with TTFields. Both patients developed new enhancement outside the typical pseudoprogression window and were unlikely candidates given their methylation status. Both patients resumed adjuvant TMZ with TTFields. New contrast enhancement in patients on adjuvant TMZ with TTFields should be interpreted cautiously as it may represent pseudoprogression. Pathologic confirmation of tumor progression should be considered prior to changing treatment.
Circuits in emerging technolgoies (2003)

Presents a summary of session topics.