gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oxidation of polyethylene, polypropylene, and copolymers (1972)

Abstract This investigation of the autoxidation of ethylene–propylene copolymers and polyethylene–polypropylene mixtures was undertaken to determine whether reactivity is a linear function of composition. The copolymers and the mixtures were autoxidized in a trichlorobenzene solution at 100°C in the presence of 1,1′‐azodicyclohexanecarbonitrile, and the rates of oxygen absorption were determined. The reactivity of the copolymers and the mixtures, after the underlying absorption of oxygen by initiator radicals is accounted for, is a nearly linear function of composition; however, the polymer mixtures and copolymers oxidized somewhat less readily than predicted by a straight line relationship. Several additional oxidations were performed on solutions of polypropylene so that the effects of initiation rate and substrate concentration could be evaluated. The oxidation kinetics of polypropylene even in dilute solution, are complex; titratable hydroperoxide yields are low. Further work will be required to specify the mechanism of oxidation.
Intestinal microflora and homeostasis of the mucosal immune response: implications for probiotic bacteria? (2002)

The intestinal microflora can be considered a postnatally acquired organ that is composed of a large diversity of bacteria that perform important functions for the host and can be modulated by environmental factors, such as nutrition. Specific components of the intestinal microflora, including lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, have been associated with beneficial effects on the host, such as promotion of gut maturation and integrity, antagonisms against pathogens and immune modulation. Beyond this, the microflora seems to play a significant role in the maintenance of intestinal immune homeostasis and prevention of inflammation. The contribution of the intestinal epithelial cell in the first line of defense against pathogenic bacteria and microbial antigens has been recognized. However, the interactions of intestinal epithelial cells with indigenous bacteria are less well understood. This review will summarize the increasing scientific attention to mechanisms of the innate immune response of the host towards different components of the microflora, and suggest a potential role for selected probiotic bacteria in the regulation of intestinal inflammation.
Space charge capacitance of ferroelectric memory cells in the nonlinear regime (1996)

Abstract Recently ferroelectric thin-film capacitors have been modelled using the sub-surface space charge region. The model is similar to the well known abrupt p-n junction theory or semiconductors. This paper describes the sub-surface space charge using the landau free energy within a polarized medium. The capacitance of the ferroelectric storage cell is described from these first principles. The model predicts that the result of the abrupt p-n junction depletion capacitance (linear medium model) is the limit of the ferroelectric p-n junction model (non-linear medium) when the polarization approaches zero. The results of the model are applied successfully to 60/40 PZT capacitors where the intrinsic heterogeneity (high electron concentration in the near surface region) is always present due to high oxygen vacancy concentration. Both the linear and the nonlinear models are reasonable at high voltages but only the non-linear model is accurate at lower voltages. The results are also useful to characterize device parasitics and elucidate the effect of the microstructure on device behavior.
Can software engineering solve the HPCS problem? (2005)

The High Productivity Computing Systems (HPCS) program seeks a tenfold productivity improvement. Software Engineering has addressed this goal in other domains and identified many important principles that, when aligned with hardware and computer science technologies, do make dramatic improvements in productivity. Do these principles work for the HPC domain?This case study collects data on the potential benefits of perfective maintenance in which human productivity (programmability, readability, verifiability, maintainability) is paramount. An HPC professional rewrote four FORTRAN77/MPI benchmarks in Fortran 90, removing optimizations (many improving distributed memory performance) and emphasizing clarity.The code shrank by 5-10x and is significantly easier to read and relate to specifications. Run time performance slowed by about 2x. More studies are needed to confirm that the resulting code is easy to maintain and that the lost performance can be recovered with compiler optimization technologies, run time management techniques and scalable shared memory hardware.
Tinnitus Suppression by Intracochlear Electrical Stimulation in Single-Sided Deafness: A Prospective Clinical Trial - Part I (2015)

Cochlear implantation is a viable treatment option for tinnitus, but the underlying mechanism is yet unclear. Is the tinnitus suppression due to the reversal of the assumed maladaptive neuroplasticity or is it the shift in attention from the tinnitus to environmental sounds and therefore a reduced awareness that reduces tinnitus perception? In this prospective trial, 10 patients with single-sided deafness were fitted with a cochlear implant to investigate the effect of looped intracochlear electrical stimulation (i.e. stimulation that does not encode environmental sounds) on tinnitus, in an effort to find optimal stimulation parameters. Variables under investigation were: amplitude (perceived stimulus loudness), anatomical location inside the cochlea (electrode/electrodes), amplitude modulation, polarity (cathodic/anodic first biphasic stimulation) and stimulation rate. The results suggest that tinnitus can be reduced with looped electrical stimulation, in some cases even with inaudible stimuli. The optimal stimuli for tinnitus suppression appear to be subject specific. However, medium-to-loud stimuli suppress tinnitus significantly better than soft stimuli, which partly can be explained by the masking effect. Although the long-term effects on tinnitus would still have to be investigated and will be described in part II, intracochlear electrical stimulation seems a potential treatment option for tinnitus in this population.
Exploiting Structural Analysis, in Silico Screening, and Serendipity To Identify Novel Inhibitors of Drug-Resistant Falciparum Malaria (2009)

Plasmodium falciparum thymidylate synthase-dihydrofolate reductase (TS-DHFR) is an essential enzyme in folate biosynthesis and a major malarial drug target. This bifunctional enzyme thus presents different design approaches for developing novel inhibitors against drug-resistant mutants. We performed a high-throughput in silico screen of a database of diverse, drug-like molecules against a non-active-site pocket of TS-DHFR. The top compounds from this virtual screen were evaluated by in vitro enzymatic and cellular culture studies. Three compounds active to 20 microM IC(50)'s in both wildtype and antifolate-resistant P. falciparum parasites were identified; moreover, no inhibition of human DHFR enzyme was observed, indicating that the inhibitory effects appeared to be parasite-specific. Notably, all three compounds had a biguanide scaffold. However, relative free energy of binding calculations suggested that the compounds might preferentially interact with the active site over the screened non-active-site region. To resolve the two possible modes of binding, co-crystallization studies of the compounds complexed with TS-DHFR enzyme were performed. Surprisingly, the structural analysis revealed that these novel, biguanide compounds do indeed bind at the active site of DHFR and additionally revealed the molecular basis by which they overcome drug resistance. To our knowledge, these are the first co-crystal structures of novel, biguanide, non-WR99210 compounds that are active against folate-resistant malaria parasites in cell culture.
Statistical Compact Modeling and Si Verification Methodology (2006)

As we scale down to sub-65nm technologies, transistors and interconnects no longer act as predictable elements, but start acting as statistical blocks due to static and dynamic variations. This invited paper first reviews some of the key variations that need to be considered for any statistical analysis. Also, details for implementing statistical models into compact modeling flow are discussed. Finally, the paper reviews one of the techniques used for generating and validating statistical models with the silicon data
Your Phone as a Personal Emergency Beacon: A Portable GSM Base Station to Locate Lost Persons (2015)

Access to emergency numbers such as 911 or 112 is generally universally available to cell phone users. Nevertheless, emergencies may occur in areas without cell phone coverage, for example, in remote areas frequented by climbers or hikers. In this article, we describe the design, development, and evaluation of a global system for mobile communications (GSM) base station that can be placed in a vehicle (car, plane, helicopter, etc.) to locate a lost person with an active GSM phone. The system includes the resources to provide a good estimation of the location of the phone, allowing the rescue team to significantly narrow its search and to establish communication with the person where possible, as the system also provides GSM coverage.
ChemInform Abstract: New Total Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Indolmycin. (1987)

Abstract The indolecarbaldehyde (I) is converted to the chloro compound (II) which reacts with the anion of the oxazolone (III) to form a mixture of (IV) and (V).
Data-Driven Spectral Feature Extraction in 9.4T CEST MRI data of the human brain (2019)

Model-based extraction of features, e.g. Lorentzian fitting of Z-spectra, in CEST MRI can be limited by the underlying model assumptions. Here we analyzed high spectral resolution Z-spectra acquired at 9.4T in five healthy subjects and one tumor patient using principal component analysis, a purely data-driven statistical procedure. Projection of Z-spectra onto principle components from a group of healthy subjects provides several relevant contrasts which reveal anatomical detail and correlate with Gadolinium uptake signatures in a brain tumor patient.
Dual Function Solid State Battery with Self-Forming Self-Healing Electrolyte and Separator (Final Scientific/Technical Report) (2021)

Over the course of this program, we have demonstrated an improved rechargeable Li/I2 battery with reduced impedance, improved cyclability, improved Coulombic Efficiency, and the ability to “self-heal” during shorting events. Multi-year efforts have led to the development and improvements in the composition, fabrication, and preparation of the solid state electrolyte, the role of the interface, and design of appropriate test conditions. These investigations have led to significant improvements in Coulombic efficiency. By systematic development of a composite solid state electrolyte, this system is able to self-form upon charge, thus lending itself to long shelf life before use. The initial project objective was to demonstrate a solid-state rechargeable battery based on a Li-metal anode and iodine cathode with a self-forming, self-healing electrolyte and separator with high gravimetric and volumetric energy density. The final deliverables of this project build on a multi-year effort beginning with materials development and design to generate a suitable solid state electrolyte composite with demonstrated higher ionic conductivity compared to the baseline (LiI). Development in cell design and interface modification leading to the generation of rechargeable solid electrolyte cells with Coulombic efficiency improvements of ~3X over initial tests, as well as demonstration of self-healing behavior, where the cells retained their ability to continue extended cycling after shorting events. The hypothesis put forward as part of the initial concept for the project was that the cell chemistry would be self-healing. For example, if a lithium dendrite formed during charge of the cell and reached the iodine cathode, the reaction of the lithium dendrite with the iodine would consume the tip of the dendrite to form lithium iodide, more of the solid electrolyte. The formation of the solid electrolyte would allow the cell to recover and continue to function. This type of self-healing during cycling has been demonstrated and has the potential to improve on safety considerations that stem from shorting events in other Li- containing systems.
Experimental Characterization of the Thermal Time Constants of GaN HEMTs Via Micro-Raman Thermometry (2017)

Gallium nitride (GaN) high-electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) are a key technology for realizing next generation high-power RF amplifiers and high-efficiency power converters. However, elevated channel temperatures due to self-heating often severely limit their power handling capability. Although the steady-state thermal behavior of GaN HEMTs has been studied extensively, significantly fewer studies have considered their transient thermal response. In this paper, we report a methodology for measuring the transient temperature rise and thermal time constant spectrum of GaN HEMTs via time-resolved micro-Raman thermometry with a temporal resolution of 30 ns. We measured a broad spectrum of time constants from ≈130 ns to ≈3.2 ms that contribute to the temperature rise of an ungated GaN-on-SiC HEMT due to aggressive, multidimensional heat spreading in the die and die-attach. Our findings confirm previous theoretical analysis showing that one or two thermal time constants cannot adequately describe the transient temperature rise and that the temperature reaches steady-state at 16L <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /π <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> α, where L and α are the thickness and thermal diffusivity of the substrate. This paper provides a practical methodology for validating transient thermal models of GaN HEMTs and for obtaining experimental values of the thermal resistances and capacitances for compact electrothermal modeling.
SON for Core Networks (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction SON for Packet Core Networks SON for Voice Core Networks References
Redesigning Kidney Care for the Anthropocene: A New Framework for Planetary Health in Nephrology (2022)

Climate change is one of the greatest threats to human health in the 21st century. The human health impacts of climate change contribute to approximately 1 in 4 deaths worldwide. Health care itself is responsible for approximately 5% of annual global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Canada is a recent signatory of the 26th United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP26) health agreement that is committed to developing low carbon and climate resilient health systems. Kidney care services have a substantial environmental impact and there is opportunity for the kidney care community to climate align clinical care. We introduce a framework of redesigned kidney care and describe examples of low carbon kidney disease management strategies to expand our duty of care to the environment which completes the triple bottom line of optimal patient outcomes and cost effectiveness in the Anthropocene.
Upregulation of Protein Synthesis and Proteasome Degradation Confers Sensitivity to Proteasome Inhibitor Bortezomib in Myc-Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumors (2020)

Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors (ATRTs) are among the most malignant brain tumors in early childhood and remain incurable. Myc-ATRT is driven by the <i>Myc</i> oncogene, which directly controls the intracellular protein synthesis rate. Proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (BTZ) was approved by the Food and Drug Administration as a primary treatment for multiple myeloma. This study aimed to determine whether the upregulation of protein synthesis and proteasome degradation in Myc-ATRTs increases tumor cell sensitivity to BTZ. We performed differential gene expression and gene set enrichment analysis on matched primary and recurrent patient-derived xenograft (PDX) samples from an infant with ATRT. Concomitant upregulation of the Myc pathway, protein synthesis and proteasome degradation were identified in recurrent ATRTs. Additionally, we found the proteasome-encoding genes were highly expressed in ATRTs compared with in normal brain tissues, correlated with the malignancy of tumor cells and were essential for tumor cell survival. BTZ inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis through the accumulation of p53 in three human Myc-ATRT cell lines (PDX-derived tumor cell line Re1-P6, BT-12 and CHLA-266). Furthermore, BTZ inhibited tumor growth and prolonged survival in Myc-ATRT orthotopic xenograft mice. Our findings suggest that BTZ may be a promising targeted therapy for Myc-ATRTs.
Fast inference in generalized linear models via expected log-likelihoods (2013)

Generalized linear models play an essential role in a wide variety of statistical applications. This paper discusses an approximation of the likelihood in these models that can greatly facilitate computation. The basic idea is to replace a sum that appears in the exact log-likelihood by an expectation over the model covariates; the resulting "expected log-likelihood" can in many cases be computed significantly faster than the exact log-likelihood. In many neuroscience experiments the distribution over model covariates is controlled by the experimenter and the expected log-likelihood approximation becomes particularly useful; for example, estimators based on maximizing this expected log-likelihood (or a penalized version thereof) can often be obtained with orders of magnitude computational savings compared to the exact maximum likelihood estimators. A risk analysis establishes that these maximum EL estimators often come with little cost in accuracy (and in some cases even improved accuracy) compared to standard maximum likelihood estimates. Finally, we find that these methods can significantly decrease the computation time of marginal likelihood calculations for model selection and of Markov chain Monte Carlo methods for sampling from the posterior parameter distribution. We illustrate our results by applying these methods to a computationally-challenging dataset of neural spike trains obtained via large-scale multi-electrode recordings in the primate retina.
Preparation, Degradation, Cyclopentadienylation, and Grafting of PVC's Containing Relatively High Levels of Allylic Chlorines (1982)

Abstract Easily modifiable colorless PVC's containing relatively high levels of short internal polyene sequences and allylic chlorines, PVC(A)'s, have been prepared by controlled chemical dehydrochlorination. The thermal and thermooxidative stability of PVC(A)'s decreases significantly in comparison to the original resin. The initial dehydrochlorination rate of PVC(A)'s has been found to be linear with allylic chlorine concentration. Results indicate that nonallylic irregularities, chain-end defect sites, and/or initiation of HCl zip-elimination at regular repeat units may also play a nonnegligible role in PVC instability. Treatment of PVC(A)'s with dim ethylcyclopentadienylaluminum (Me2CpAl) led to cyclopentadienylated PVC's (PVC-Cp) which gelled on drying, and the gel could be solubilized by treatment with strong dienophiles. This indicates Diels-Alder addition between cyclopentadienyl groups and/or polyene sequences of PVC(A). The PVC(A)/BCl3/i-C4H8 system provided efficient grafting of isobutylene and resulted in poly(vinyl chloride-g-isobutylene) in which polyisobutylene branches carry tertiary chlorine termini. The latter could in turn be cyclopentadienylated by treatment with Me2CpAl and led to networks which could be broken by strong dienophiles.
FPGA implementation made easy for applied digital signal processing courses (2011)

Applied digital signal processing courses offered at many universities do not normally include FPGA implementation of signal processing algorithms. This is due to the fact that students taking applied signal processing courses often are not familiar with FPGA programming languages and as a result FPGA implementation cannot be easily achieved in one-semester long applied digital signal processing courses. In this paper, we present an approach for making FPGA implementation easily achievable within one-semester long applied digital signal processing courses or within a relatively short design cycle time. Our approach is based on the LabVIEW FPGA Module which allows FPGA implementation to be achieved in a time-efficient manner via more intuitive graphical coding. An overview of our designed FPGA implementation approach covering typical laboratories that students encounter in applied digital signal processing courses is provided.
D-Cysteine Ethyl Ester Reverses the Deleterious Effects of Morphine on Breathing and Arterial Blood–Gas Chemistry in Freely-Moving Rats (2022)

Cell-penetrant thiol esters including the disulfides, D-cystine diethyl ester and D-cystine dimethyl ester, and the monosulfide, L-glutathione ethyl ester, prevent and/or reverse the deleterious effects of opioids, such as morphine and fentanyl, on breathing and gas exchange within the lungs of unanesthetized/unrestrained rats without diminishing the antinociceptive or sedative effects of opioids. We describe here the effects of the monosulfide thiol ester, D-cysteine ethyl ester (D-CYSee), on intravenous morphine-induced changes in ventilatory parameters, arterial blood-gas chemistry, alveolar-arterial (A-a) gradient (i.e., index of gas exchange in the lungs), and sedation and antinociception in freely-moving rats. The bolus injection of morphine (10 mg/kg, IV) elicited deleterious effects on breathing, including depression of tidal volume, minute ventilation, peak inspiratory flow, and inspiratory drive. Subsequent injections of D-CYSee (2 × 500 μmol/kg, IV, given 15 min apart) elicited an immediate and sustained reversal of these effects of morphine. Morphine (10 mg/kg, IV) also A-a gradient, which caused a mismatch in ventilation perfusion within the lungs, and elicited pronounced changes in arterial blood-gas chemistry, including pronounced decreases in arterial blood pH, pO<sub>2</sub> and sO<sub>2</sub>, and equally pronounced increases in pCO<sub>2</sub> (all responses indicative of decreased ventilatory drive). These deleterious effects of morphine were immediately reversed by the injection of a single dose of D-CYSee (500 μmol/kg, IV). Importantly, the sedation and antinociception elicited by morphine (10 mg/kg, IV) were minimally affected by D-CYSee (500 μmol/kg, IV). In contrast, none of the effects of morphine were affected by administration of the parent thiol, D-cysteine (1 or 2 doses of 500 μmol/kg, IV). Taken together, these data suggest that D-CYSee may exert its beneficial effects via entry into cells that mediate the deleterious effects of opioids on breathing and gas exchange. Whether D-CYSee acts as a respiratory stimulant or counteracts the inhibitory actions of µ-opioid receptor activation remains to be determined. In conclusion, D-CYSee and related thiol esters may have clinical potential for the reversal of the adverse effects of opioids on breathing and gas exchange, while largely sparing antinociception and sedation.