gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Representation and recognition of action in interactive spaces (1999)

This thesis presents new theory and technology for the representation and recognition of complex, context-sensitive human actions in interactive spaces. To represent action and interaction a symbolic framework has been developed based on Roger Schank’s conceptualizations, augmented by a mechanism to represent the temporal structure of the sub-actions based on Allen’s interval algebra networks. To overcome the exponential nature of temporal constraint propagation in such networks, we have developed the PNF propagation algorithm based on the projection of IA-networks into simplified, 3-valued (past, now, future) constraint networks called PNF-networks. The PNF propagation algorithm has been applied to an action recognition vision system that handles actions composed of multiple, parallel threads of sub-actions, in situations that can not be efficiently dealt by the commonly used temporal representation schemes such as finite-state machines and HMMs. The PNF propagation algorithm is also the basis of interval scripts, a scripting paradigm for interactive systems that represents interaction as a set of temporal constraints between the individual components of the interaction. Unlike previously proposed non-procedural scripting methods, we use a strong temporal representation (allowing, for example, mutually exclusive actions) and perform control by propagating the temporal constraints in real-time. These concepts have been tested in the context of four projects involving story-driven interactive spaces. The action representation framework has been used in the Intelligent Studio project to enhance the control of automatic cameras in a TV studio. Interval scripts have been extensively employed in the development of “SingSong”, a short interactive performance that introduced the idea of live interaction with computer graphics characters; in “It / I”, a full-length computer theater play; and in “It”, an interactive art installation based on the play “It / I” that realizes our concept of immersive stages, that is, interactive spaces that can be used both by performers and public.
The stereochemistry of complex inorganic compounds (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReportNEXTThe stereochemistry of complex inorganic compoundsDaryle H. Busch Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, 2, 77Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1964Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 February 1964Published inissue 1 February 1964https://doi.org/10.1021/ed041p77Request reuse permissions Article Views633Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (6 MB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Preparation of highly sulfonated polystyrene model colloids (1989)

Abstract Previous attempts to prepare monodisperse styrene/sodium styrene sulfonate copolymer latexes by batch, seeded, and semicontinuous emulsion polymerization were unsuccessful at high concentrations of the functional comonomer. Broad, and sometimes bimodal, size distributions, and large amounts of water soluble homopolymer were obtained. After removal of free monomer, solute and adsorbed homopolymer and copolymer, the overall incorporation of the functional comonomer was found to be low. To overcome these problems, a two stage “shot‐growth” or in situ seeding technique was developed. A first stage copolymerization was carried out with a low concentration of sodium styrene sulfonate: the purpose of the functional comonomer was to enhance the stability and regulate the size of the seed particles. When this reaction had reached high conversion (&gt; 90%), a second stage monomer mixture was added. The ratio of styrene to sodium styrene sulfonate in this mixture determined the final surface charge density. The mechanism by which the NaSS is incorporated in the polymer particles is considered to be by solution copolymerization with solute styrene monomer to form surface active oligoradicals. These radicals adsorb on the particle surface, initiate polymerization and become inextricably bound, preventing their transfer back to the aqueous phase. By this means, it was possible to vary independently the particle size and surface charge density. High concentrations of functional comonomer could be polymerized without undue wastage (incorporations were only slightly less than 100%) or loss of monodispersity. In extreme cases, the area per functional group fell below the theoretical minimum, indicating considerable hydration of the surface layers.
Ecological Studies of Transformed Trichoderma harzianum Strain 1295–22 in the Rhizosphere and on the Phylloplane of Creeping Bentgrass (1998)

ABSTRACT A beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene and a hygromycin B (hygB) phosphotransferase gene were integrated separately into the Trichoderma harzianum strain 1295-22 genome, using biolistic transformation. The mycelial growth and biocontrol ability of the transformed strains did not differ from that of the original strain. The transformed Gus(+)-kanamycin-resistant (Gus(+)Kan(R)) strains were used to monitor growth and interactions with Rhizoctonia solani on creeping bentgrass plants. The hygB-resistant (hygB(R)) strains were used to selectively recover strain 1295-22 from the rhizosphere soil and phylloplane of creeping bentgrass after spray applications. The population levels of two hygB(R) strains and the original strain were very similar for all treatments. All three strains persisted for the duration of the experiment (28 days) in both the rhizosphere soil and on leaves, although population levels declined somewhat over the course of the experiment in unautoclaved soils. In this study, the results demonstrated that hygB(R) strains remained dominant over time when assayed on Trichoderma-selective medium containing hygB. The hygB(R) strains were not displaced by strains that colonized untreated plants. Microscopic observation showed that the Gus(+)Kan(R) strains colonized the rhizoplane, seed coat, and phylloplane of creeping bentgrass. These results supported our earlier observation that strain 1295-22 was rhizosphere and phyllo-plane competent. Interactions between T. harzianum and R. solani were readily observed in situ and changed over time. Two types of reactions were found in these experiments. In the first type, sections of hyphae of R. solani near the hyphae of T. harzianum appeared damaged, and the pathogen appeared necrotic when viewed with a microscope. The second type, observed less frequently than the first type, was typical of myco-parasitism. The findings in this study provide new insight into the interactions between R. solani and T. harzianum, providing a basis for future research.
Temporal evolution of single-cell transcriptomes of Drosophila olfactory projection neurons (2020)

Abstract Neurons undergo substantial morphological and functional changes during development to form precise synaptic connections and acquire specific physiological features. What are the underlying transcriptomic bases? Here, we obtained the single-cell transcriptomes of Drosophila olfactory projection neurons (PNs) at four developmental stages. We decoded the identity of 21 transcriptomic clusters corresponding to 20 PN types and developed methods to match transcriptomic clusters representing the same PN type across development. We discovered that PN transcriptomes reflect unique biological processes unfolding at each stage—neurite growth and pruning during metamorphosis at an early pupal stage; peaked transcriptomic diversity during olfactory circuit assembly at mid-pupal stages; and neuronal signaling in adults. At early developmental stages, PN types with adjacent birth order share similar transcriptomes. Together, our work reveals principles of cellular diversity during brain development and provides a resource for future studies of neural development in PNs and other neuronal types.
On the Emergence of Cryptococcus gattii in the Pacific Northwest: Ballast Tanks, Tsunamis, and Black Swans (2019)

The appearance of <i>Cryptococcus gattii</i> in the North American Pacific Northwest (PNW) in 1999 was an unexpected and is still an unexplained event. Recent phylogenomic analyses strongly suggest that this pathogenic fungus arrived in the PNW approximately 7 to 9 decades ago. In this paper, we theorize that the ancestors of the PNW <i>C. gattii</i> clones arrived in the area by shipborne transport, possibly in contaminated ballast, and established themselves in coastal waters early in the 20th century. In 1964, a tsunami flooded local coastal regions, transporting <i>C. gattii</i> to land. The occurrence of cryptococcosis in animals and humans 3 decades later suggests that adaptation to local environs took time, possibly requiring an increase in virulence and further dispersal. Tsunamis as a mechanism for the seeding of land with pathogenic waterborne microbes may have important implications for our understanding of how infectious diseases emerge in certain regions. This hypothesis suggests experimental work for its validation or refutation.
Control of cell cycle progression by c-Jun is p53 dependent (1999)

The c-jun proto-oncogene encodes a component of the mitogen-inducible immediate-early transcription factor AP-1 and has been implicated as a positive regulator of cell proliferation and G1-to-S-phase progression. Here we report that fibroblasts derived from c-jun-/- mouse fetuses exhibit a severe proliferation defect and undergo a prolonged crisis before spontaneous immortalization. The cyclin D1- and cyclin E-dependent kinases (CDKs) and transcription factor E2F are poorly activated, resulting in inefficient G1-to-S-phase progression. Furthermore, the absence of c-Jun results in elevated expression of the tumor suppressor gene p53 and its target gene, the CDK inhibitor p21, whereas overexpression of c-Jun represses p53 and p21 expression and accelerates cell proliferation. Surprisingly, protein stabilization, the common mechanism of p53 regulation, is not involved in up-regulation of p53 in c-jun-/- fibroblasts. Rather, c-Jun regulates transcription of p53 negatively by direct binding to a variant AP-1 site in the p53 promoter. Importantly, deletion of p53 abrogates all defects of cells lacking c-Jun in cell cycle progression, proliferation, immortalization, and activation of G1 CDKs and E2F. These results demonstrate that an essential, rate-limiting function of c-Jun in fibroblast proliferation is negative regulation of p53 expression, and establish a mechanistic link between c-Jun-dependent mitogenic signaling and cell-cycle regulation.
Odorant Receptors from the Light brown Apple Moth (Epiphyas postvittana) Recognize Important Volatile Compounds Produced by Plants (2009)

Moths recognize a wide range of volatile compounds, which they use to locate mates, food sources, and oviposition sites. These compounds are recognized by odorant receptors (OR) located within the dendritic membrane of sensory neurons that extend into the lymph of sensilla, covering the surface of insect antennae. We have identified 3 genes encoding ORs from the tortricid moth, Epiphyas postvittana, a pest of horticulture. Like Drosophila melanogaster ORs, they contain 7 transmembrane helices with an intracellular N-terminus, an orientation in the plasma membrane opposite to that of classical GPCRs. EpOR2 is orthologous to the coreceptor Or83b from D. melanogaster. EpOR1 and EpOR3 both recognize a range of terpenoids and benzoates produced by plants. Of the compounds tested, EpOR1 shows the best sensitivity to methyl salicylate [EC(50) = 1.8 x 10(-12) M], a common constituent of floral scents and an important signaling compound produced by plants when under attack from insects and pathogens. EpOR3 best recognizes the monoterpene citral to low concentrations [EC(50) = 1.1 x 10(-13) M]. Citral produces the largest amplitude electrophysiological responses in E. postvittana antennae and elicits repellent activity against ovipositing female moths. Orthologues of EpOR3 were found across 6 families within the Lepidoptera, suggesting that the ability to recognize citral may underpin an important behavior.
In vitro analysis of RNA polymerase II elongation complex dynamics (2019)

RNA polymerase II elongation complexes (ECs) were assembled from nuclear extract on immobilized DNA templates and analyzed by quantitative mass spectrometry. Time-course experiments showed that initiation factor TFIIF can remain bound to early ECs, while levels of core elongation factors Spt4-Spt5, Paf1C, Spt6-Spn1, and Elf1 remain steady. Importantly, the dynamic phosphorylation patterns of the Rpb1 C-terminal domain (CTD) and the factors that recognize them change as a function of postinitiation time rather than distance elongated. Chemical inhibition of Kin28/Cdk7 in vitro blocks both Ser5 and Ser2 phosphorylation, affects initiation site choice, and inhibits elongation efficiency. EC components dependent on CTD phosphorylation include capping enzyme, cap-binding complex, Set2, and the polymerase-associated factor (PAF1) complex. By recapitulating many known features of in vivo elongation, this system reveals new details that clarify how EC-associated factors change at each step of transcription.
ChemInform Abstract: Zirconocene Complexes of Imines: General Synthesis, Structure, Reactivity, and in situ Generation to Prepare Geometrically Pure Allylic Amines. (1989)

Abstract A general method for the preparation of zirconocene complexes of imines such as (V) is developed; the X‐ray structure of (Va) is given.
Parity nonconservation in neutron resonances in232Th (1998)

Parity nonconservation (PNC) was measured for 24 $p$-wave resonances from 8 to 300 eV in ${}^{232}\mathrm{Th}$ by measuring the helicity dependence of the total neutron cross section for epithermal neutrons with an improved experimental system. Ten resonances show statistically significant parity violation. For these ten resonances the analyzing powers are all positive, thus confirming the previously observed sign correlation. The data are fit to the sum of two terms, a constant asymmetry and a fluctuating asymmetry. With this ansatz the root-mean-square PNC matrix element $M=1.12$ meV, which corresponds to a weak spreading width ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{w}=4.7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}7}$ eV. For the neighboring nuclide ${}^{238}\mathrm{U}$ there is no constant offset, suggesting that the sign correlation is specific to ${}^{232}\mathrm{Th}$.
Engine Design Strategy for Boundary Layer Ingesting Propulsion Systems With Multiple Non-Symmetric Engine Inlet Conditions (2013)

Boundary layer ingesting inlets for hybrid wing body aircraft have been investigated at some depth in recent years due to the theoretical potential for fuel burn savings. Such savings derive from the ingestion of a portion of the low momentum wake into the propulsor to reenergize the flow, thus yielding total power savings and reducing required block fuel burn. A potential concern for BLI is that traditional concepts such as “thrust” and “drag” become less clearly defined due to the interaction between the vehicle aerodynamics and the propulsive thrust achieved. One such interaction for the HWB concept is the lateral location of the inlet on the upper surface which determines the effective Reynolds number at the point of ingestion. This is an important factor in determining the amount of power savings achieved by the system, since the boundary layer, displacement, and momentum thicknesses are functions of the local chord length and airfoil shape which are all functions of the lateral location of the engine. This poses a design challenge for engine layouts with more than two engines as at least one or more of the total engines will be operating at a different set of changing inlet conditions throughout the flight envelope. As a result, the engine operating point and propulsive performance will be different between outboard and inboard engines at flight conditions with appreciable boundary layer influence including key flight conditions for engine design: takeoff, top of climb, and cruise. The optimal engine design strategy in terms of performance to address this issue is to design separate engines with similar thrust performance. This strategy has significant challenges such as requiring the manufacturing and certification of two different engines for one vehicle. A more practical strategy is to design a single engine that performs adequately at the different inlet conditions but may not achieve the full benefits of BLI. This paper presents a technique for cycle analysis which can account for the disparity between inlet conditions. This technique was used for two principal purposes: first to determine the effect of the inlet disparity on the performance of the system; second, to analyze the various design strategies that might mitigate the impact of this effect. It is shown that a single engine can be sized when considering both inboard and outboard engines simultaneously. Additionally, it is shown that there is a benefit to ingesting larger mass flows in the inboard engine for the case with large disparity between the engine inlets.
ESD Behavior of MWCNT Interconnects—Part I: Observations and Insights (2017)

Multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-based interconnects have been shown to outperform conventional metal interconnects. For reliable operation of such interconnects, it is imperative to evaluate their reliability at possible fatal events. Here, we report the ESD reliability of MWCNT-based interconnects. High failure current of ~10 mA and unique failure behavior involving discrete and gradual breakdown of individual shells is reported. It was found that MWCNT interconnects change resistance in steps of fundamental quantum resistance (h/2e <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) after individual shell burning. The role of individual shells, diameter, and resistance of the tube in deciding the ESD behavior is investigated, while monitoring the response on a shell-by-shell basis. Contrary to widespread notion of immunity of MWCNT interconnects to electromigration, the ESD-induced melting of contacts is also observed.
A 200 watt broadband continuous-mode doherty power amplifier for base-station applications (2017)

This paper presents a high-power Continuous-mode Doherty Power Amplifier (C-DPA) for base-station applications. By utilizing de-embedded models of active devices and allowing the two transistors modulate each other at harmonic frequencies, the proposed C-DPA exhibits improved power, efficiency and bandwidth. Based on the proposed technique, a demonstrating 200 Watt C-DPA was designed over 1.7-2.7 GHz band. According to the measured results, over the 1 GHz bandwidth, the designed DPA generates 52.7-54.3 dBm power at saturation and exhibits 40%-50.2% drain efficiency at -6dB power back-off (BO). To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the state-of-the-art performance of high-power broadband DPAs for base-station applications. Furthermore, using a 10MHz, 7.5dB PAPR LTE signal, the fabricated DPA was measured and linearized over the full-band, verifying its ability of being linearized.
Utilizing adaptive optics to mitigate intra-modal-group power coupling of graded-index few-mode fiber in a 200-Gbit/s mode-division-multiplexed link (2020)

We experimentally demonstrate the utilization of adaptive optics (AO) to mitigate intra-group power coupling among linearly polarized (LP) modes in a graded-index few-mode fiber (GI FMF). Generally, in this fiber, the coupling between degenerate modes inside a modal group tends to be stronger than between modes belonging to different groups. In our approach, the coupling inside the <i>L</i><i>P</i><sub>11</sub> group can be represented by a combination of orbital-angular-momentum (OAM) modes, such that reducing power coupling in OAM set tends to indicate the capability to reduce the coupling inside the <i>L</i><i>P</i><sub>11</sub> group. We employ two output OAM modes <i>l</i>=+1 and <i>l</i>=-1 as resultant linear combinations of degenerate <i>L</i><i>P</i><sub>11<i>a</i></sub> and <i>L</i><i>P</i><sub>11<i>b</i></sub> modes inside the <i>L</i><i>P</i><sub>11</sub> group of a ∼0.6-<i>k</i><i>m</i> GI FMF. The power coupling is mitigated by shaping the amplitude and phase of the distorted OAM modes. Each OAM mode carries an independent 20-, 40-, or 100-Gbit/s quadrature-phase-shift-keying data stream. We measure the transmission matrix (TM) in the OAM basis within <i>L</i><i>P</i><sub>11</sub> group, which is a subset of the full LP TM of the FMF-based system. An inverse TM is subsequently implemented before the receiver by a spatial light modulator to mitigate the intra-modal-group power coupling. With AO mitigation, the experimental results for <i>l</i>=+1 and <i>l</i>=-1 modes show, respectively, that (i) intra-modal-group crosstalk is reduced by >5.8<i>d</i><i>B</i> and >5.6<i>d</i><i>B</i> and (ii) near-error-free bit-error-rate performance is achieved with a penalty of ∼0.6<i>d</i><i>B</i> and ∼3.8<i>d</i><i>B</i>, respectively.
Millimeter-wave high gain lens antenna with reduced focus distance (2016)

Design of a 57-64 GHz high gain lens antenna with reduced focus distance is presented. The antenna is composed of a thin lens with a waveguide feed element, and trans- and twist-reflectors realized using a PCB technology. The antenna structure forces the radiation emitted by the feed to travel between the reflectors and to radiate from the lens. Such behavior is achieved by polarization-selective properties of the reflectors. As a result, the focus distance of a thin lens is reduced by 3 times with maintaining antenna high electric performance and beam scanning capabilities. Antenna prototype with 120 mm diameter and only 65 mm lateral dimension was designed and experimentally investigated. The antenna has less than -12.4 dB reflection coefficient and more than 33.9 dBi gain in the 57-64 GHz frequency range making the proposed concept perspective for applications in point-to-point radio systems.
A Photochemical Method to Eliminate Oxygen Inhibition in Photocured Systems (2004)

This paper provides a unique and practical solution to a major problem in photocured acrylate coatings: oxygen inhibition at the coating surface. The strategy involves the inclusion of two specially selected components in the reactive formulation: 1) a light-absorbing molecule (the singlet oxygen generator), which interacts with the ground state (triplet) oxygen to produce an excited singlet state of oxygen, and 2) a second compound (the singlet oxygen trapper) which reacts with the singlet oxygen thereby removing it from the system. A variety of photoinduced singlet oxygen generators with different light absorption spectra may be used in this method, however porphyrins were found to be especially attractive because they allowed singlet oxygen to be produced using light in the red or the near IR regions of the spectrum. Therefore, the oxygen-consumption reaction can be initiated using a different wavelength than the photopolymerization, and the oxygen can be consumed before the reaction has begun. The experimental results illustrate that this method can be used to reduce or eliminate the inhibition period, and enhance the photopolymerization rate for reactions carried out in air.