gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The potential and promise of using botulinum toxin in the prostate gland (2006)

Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) has been called the 'most poisonous poison' and a potential bioterrorist weapon. However, it is possible to use the elegant and specific activity of this toxin to treat various medical conditions. Recently, the application of BoNT was extended to prostate disorders, and we review published reports on the mechanisms of action and clinical efficacy of BoNT in the prostate. The information was gathered from Medline, abstracts from recent urological meetings, and from personal experience. BoNT has shown promising preliminary results for male lower urinary tract symptoms, and translational research suggests a novel mechanism of action of BoNT in the prostate. Importantly, the application of BoNT in the prostate is not approved by the regulatory agencies and caution should be used until larger randomized clinical studies are completed.
Broadband Plasmonic Photocurrent Enhancement in Planar Organic Photovoltaics Embedded in a Metallic Nanocavity (2014)

A substantial broadband increase in the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of thin‐film organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices using near‐field coupling to surface plasmons is reported, significantly enhancing absorption at surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The devices tested consist of an archetypal boron subpthalocyanine chloride/fullerene (SubPc/C 60 ) donor/acceptor heterojunction embedded within a planar semitransparent metallic nanocavity. The absorption and EQE are modeled in detail and probed by attenuated total internal reflection spectroscopy with excellent agreement. At SPR, the EQE can be enhanced fourfold relative to normal incidence, due to simulated ninefold enhancement in active layer absorption efficiency. The response at SPR is thickness‐independent, down to a few monolayers, suggesting the ability to excite monolayer‐scale junctions with an EQE of ≈6% and a 16‐fold absorption enhancement over normal incidence. These results potentially impact the future design of plasmonically enhanced thin‐film photovoltaics and photodetectors and enable the direct analysis of the dynamics of photocurrent production at OPV heterojunctions.
Facile Retro Dieckmann Reaction of 3-Oxo-carbapenam Esters (1985)

reacted with nucleophiles to give azetidinones 4.
<title>Polarization phase-based method for material classification and object recognition in computer vision</title> (1996)

A robust and accurate polarization phase-based technique for material classification is presented. The novelty of this technique is three-fold in (1) it theoretical development, (2) its application, and (3) its experimental implementation. The concept of phase of polarization of a light wave is introduced to computer vision for discrimination between materials according to their intrinsic electrical conductivity, such as distinguishing conducting metals, and poorly- conducting dielectrics. Previous work has used intensity, color and polarization component ratios. This new method is based on the physical principle that metals retard orthogonal components of light upon reflection while dielectrics do not. This method has significant complementary advantages with respect to existing techniques, is computationally efficient, and can be easily implemented with existing imaging technology. Experiments for real circuit board inspection, non-conductive and conductive glass, and outdoor object recognition have been performed to demonstrate its accuracy and potential capabilities.
Larval crowding accelerates C. elegans development and reduces lifespan (2017)

Environmental conditions experienced during animal development are thought to have sustained impact on maturation and adult lifespan. Here we show that in the model organism C. elegans developmental rate and adult lifespan depend on larval population density, and that this effect is mediated by excreted small molecules. By using the time point of first egg laying as a marker for full maturity, we found that wildtype hermaphrodites raised under high density conditions developed significantly faster than animals raised in isolation. Population density-dependent acceleration of development (Pdda) was dramatically enhanced in fatty acid β-oxidation mutants that are defective in the biosynthesis of ascarosides, small-molecule signals that induce developmental diapause. In contrast, Pdda is abolished by synthetic ascarosides and steroidal ligands of the nuclear hormone receptor DAF-12. We show that neither ascarosides nor any known steroid hormones are required for Pdda and that another chemical signal mediates this phenotype, in part via the nuclear hormone receptor NHR-8. Our results demonstrate that C. elegans development is regulated by a push-pull mechanism, based on two antagonistic chemical signals: chemosensation of ascarosides slows down development, whereas population-density dependent accumulation of a different chemical signal accelerates development. We further show that the effects of high larval population density persist through adulthood, as C. elegans larvae raised at high densities exhibit significantly reduced adult lifespan and respond differently to exogenous chemical signals compared to larvae raised at low densities, independent of density during adulthood. Our results demonstrate how inter-organismal signaling during development regulates reproductive maturation and longevity.
Talin Binding to Integrin ß Tails: A Final Common Step in Integrin Activation (2003)

Control of integrin affinity for ligands (integrin activation) is essential for normal cell adhesion, migration, and assembly of an extracellular matrix. Integrin activation is usually mediated through the integrin beta subunit cytoplasmic tail and can be regulated by many different biochemical signaling pathways. We report that specific binding of the cytoskeletal protein talin to integrin beta subunit cytoplasmic tails leads to the conformational rearrangements of integrin extracellular domains that increase their affinity. Thus, regulated binding of talin to integrin beta tails is a final common element of cellular signaling cascades that control integrin activation.
Fast CMOS ECL receivers with 100-mV worst-case sensitivity (1988)

CMOS emitter-coupled logic (ECL) receiver circuits consisting of a differential-amplifier stage and a CMOS inverter are shown to convert 100-mV input signals to on-chip CMOS levels even with worst-case parameter variations in a 5-V 1- mu m technology. Two different receiver circuits are used to cover a range of power supply options; a third circuit provides a comparison case. The differential amplifiers feature built-in feedback compensation for common-mode parameter variations. The differential input devices are designed with large widths, minimum channel lengths, and an interleaved layout to enhance gain, speed, and margin for differential mismatches. The simplicity of the circuits and the effectiveness of the built-in compensation facilitate analysis. Partitioning and simplifying assumptions are used to thoroughly test the worst case without complex simulations, while providing insight into the design process.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The regiospecific synthesis of polysubstituted naphthalenes and iodo(acyl)naphthoquinones via zirconocene complexes of naphthalynes (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe regiospecific synthesis of polysubstituted naphthalenes and iodo(acyl)naphthoquinones via zirconocene complexes of naphthalynesStephen L. Buchwald and Susan M. KingCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 1, 258–265Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00001a037https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00001a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views460Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Grammar fragment acquisition using syntactic and semantic clustering (1998)

A new method for automatically acquiring Fragments for understanding fluent speech is proposed. The goal of this method is to generate a collection of Fragments, each representing a set of syntactically and semantically similar phrases. First, phrases observed frequently in the training set are selected as candidates. Each candidate phrase has three associated probability distributions: of following contexts, of preceding contexts, and of associated semantic actions. The similarity between candidate phrases is measured by applying the Kullback-Leibler distance to these three probability distributions. Candidate phrases that are close in all three distances are clustered into a Fragment. Salient sequences of these Fragments are then automatically acquired, and exploited by a spoken language understanding module to classify calls in AT&amp;amp;T&amp;apos;s &amp;quot;How May I Help You?&amp;quot; task. These Fragments allow us to generalize unobserved phrases. For instance, they detected 246 phrases in the test-set that we...
Land mine detection by time reversal acousto-seismic method (2004)

We present a concept and results of a pilot study on land mine detection based on the use of time reversal acoustics (TRA). TRA provides a possibility of highly effective concentrating of seismic wave energy in time and space in complex heterogeneous media. TRA focusing of seismic waves on a land mine increases the detection abilities of conventional linear and nonlinear acousto-seismic methods. Such factors as medium inhomogeneities, presence of reflecting boundaries, which could critically limit conventional acoustic approaches, do not affect TRA based method. The TRA mine detection system comprises several air borne or seismic sources and a noncontact (laser vibrometer) device for remote measurements of the surface vibration. The TRA system focuses a seismic wave at a surface point where the vibration is measured. The focusing point is scanned across the search area. The amplitude and frequency dependence of the signal from the seismic wave focusing point and nonlinear acoustic effects are analyzed to assess probability of the mine presence. Preliminary experiments confirmed high focusing ability of the TRA seismo-acoustic system in complex conditions (a laboratory tank with sand) and demonstrated a significant increase in the surface vibration in the presence of mine imitator. [Work supported by DoD grant.]
Cross-platform pathway-based analysis identifies markers of response to the PARP inhibitor olaparib (2012)

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is an enzyme involved in DNA repair. PARP inhibitors can act as chemosensitizers, or operate on the principle of synthetic lethality when used as single agent. Clinical trials have shown drugs in this class to be promising for BRCA mutation carriers. We postulated that inability to demonstrate response in non-BRCA carriers in which BRCA is inactivated by other mechanisms or with deficiency in homologous recombination for DNA repair is due to lack of molecular markers that define a responding subpopulation. We identified candidate markers for this purpose for olaparib (AstraZeneca) by measuring inhibitory effects of nine concentrations of olaparib in 22 breast cancer cell lines and identifying features in transcriptional and genome copy number profiles that were significantly correlated with response. We emphasized in this discovery process genes involved in DNA repair. We found that the cell lines that were sensitive to olaparib had a significant lower copy number of BRCA1 compared to the resistant cell lines (p value 0.012). In addition, we discovered seven genes from DNA repair pathways whose transcriptional levels were associated with response. These included five genes (BRCA1, MRE11A, NBS1, TDG, and XPA) whose transcript levels were associated with resistance and two genes (CHEK2 and MK2) whose transcript levels were associated with sensitivity. We developed an algorithm to predict response using the seven-gene transcription levels and applied it to 1,846 invasive breast cancer samples from 8 U133A/plus 2 (Affymetrix) data sets and found that 8-21 % of patients would be predicted to be responsive to olaparib. A similar response frequency was predicted in 536 samples analyzed on an Agilent platform. Importantly, tumors predicted to respond were enriched in basal subtype tumors. Our studies support clinical evaluation of the utility of our seven-gene signature as a predictor of response to olaparib.
Uncoupled mode-space simulation validity for double gate MOSFETs (2007)

The validity of the uncoupled mode space (UMS) approach for simulating double gate MOSFETs in the ballistic limit is examined. The mode space results are compared to the rigorous real space (RS) approach. The critical body thickness, at which the UMS results are no more accurate, is shown to be bias dependent. A computationally efficient method is developed to estimate the validity range of the UMS simulation results without comparing with RS results.
Neutral endopeptidase activity in newborn and adult rabbit tracheas (1997)

Neutral endopeptidase (NEP, E.C. 3.4.24.11), a widely distributed ectoenzyme, cleaves and inactivates a variety of biologically active peptides, including the tachykinin, substance P (SP). This study was undertaken to determine whether the modulation of SP airway smooth muscle contraction by NEP is age-dependent. We studied the contractile response of isolated tracheal rings from newborn and 120 day old New Zealand white rabbits. We measured NEP activity and determined immunoreactive NEP content in tracheal membrane preparations. NEP activity was then localized histochemically in sections of rabbit tracheas. In the presence of the NEP inhibitor, SCH 32615, the contractile response of isolated tracheal rings to SP was increased both in the newborn and 120 day old rabbits. However, the increase was greatest in the newborn animals. NEP activity in tracheal membrane preparations increased fivefold between the newborn and 120 day old rabbits. Western blot analysis also revealed a significant increase in the immunoreactive NEP content of these tracheal membrane preparations between the newborn and 120 day old rabbits. NEP activity, localized histochemically, was most intense in the epithelial region of the newborn animals, with a shift of activity to the subepithelial region with age. The prominent epithelial localization of neutral endopeptidase in the tracheas of these 1 day old rabbits, which we have shown to have relatively low neutral endopeptidase activity, suggests that the location of neutral endopeptidase in the airway, including proximity to relevant substance P receptors, may be critical to its function.
INSIGHTS FROM MODEL SYSTEMS Of Monkeys and Men: Vervets and the Genetics of Human-Like Behaviors (1997)

pendence and social learning is unique to primates. Patterns and rates of cortical and limbic brain development Caribbean population is under no predator pressure and also are similar in humans and the Old World primates. carries none of the known African pathogenic viruses These generalizations apply across many species of pri- (McGuire 1974). mates, but characteristic and stable patterns of social The basic troop structure is matrifocal and matrilinorganization and individual behavior vary from species eal, with multiple males and a juvenile:adult ratio of C2 to species. Because of the idiosyncracies of different spe- (Struhsaker 1967a; Gartlan and Brain 1968; McGuire cies of primates, not every human behavior of interest 1974). Field studies reveal a readily defined dominant to geneticists will have a parallel in every nonhuman (alpha) male and a less easily recognized alpha female, primate species. Our own experience with the African which may or may not accept the alpha male as a congreen, or vervet, monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops), sort. Young males leave the troop around the time of which arose through a fortuitous combination of acci- sexual maturity (5–6 years of age) and work their way dent and intent, has revealed complex physiological and into neighboring troops. Territory is well defined and is behavioral phenotypes—such as, hypertension, alcohol maintained by scent markings and active defense. consumption, and anxiety, among others—that reflect Breeding in the wild is seasonal, with summer being features seen in human populations. As increasingly the peak birth season, after 6 mo of gestation. The fepowerful tools for the study of the genetics of these traits male is sexually mature by C3 years of age, and the in the vervet become available, this species promises successful rearing of her own infants requires social exnovel insights into the roles of genes that influence be- perience and learning within the group context. Mothers haviors shared by our two species. and aunts thus overtly teach the adolescent female how to hold and to carry a new infant, and, in naturalistic
Guided Image Synthesis via Initial Image Editing in Diffusion Model (2023)

Diffusion models have the ability to generate high quality images by denoising pure Gaussian noise images. While previous research has primarily focused on improving the control of image generation through adjusting the denoising process, we propose a novel direction of manipulating the initial noise to control the generated image. Through experiments on stable diffusion, we show that blocks of pixels in the initial latent images have a preference for generating specific content, and that modifying these blocks can significantly influence the generated image. In particular, we show that modifying a part of the initial image affects the corresponding region of the generated image while leaving other regions unaffected, which is useful for repainting tasks. Furthermore, we find that the generation preferences of pixel blocks are primarily determined by their values, rather than their position. By moving pixel blocks with a tendency to generate user-desired content to user-specified regions, our approach achieves state-of-the-art performance in layout-to-image generation. Our results highlight the flexibility and power of initial image manipulation in controlling the generated image. Project Page: https://ut-mao.github.io/swap.github.io/
Sequence characterization of hypervariable regions in the soybean genome: leucine-rich repeats and simple sequence repeats (2000)

The genetic basis of cultivated soybean is rather narrow. This observation has been confirmed by analysis of agronomic traits among different genotypes, and more recently by the use of molecular markers. During the construction of an RFLP soybean map (Glycine soja x Glycine max) the two progenitors were analyzed with over 2,000 probes, of which 25% were polymorphic. Among the probes that revealed polymorphisms, a small proportion, about 0.5%, hybridized to regions that were highly polymorphic. Here we report the sequencing and analysis of five of these probes. Three of the five contain segments that encode leucine-rich repeat (LRR) sequence homologous to known disease resistance genes in plants. Two other probes are relatively AT-rich and contain segments of (A)n/(T)n. DNA segments corresponding to one of the probes (A45-10) were amplified from nine soybean genotypes. Partial sequencing of these amplicons suggests that deletions and/or insertions are responsible for the extensive polymorphism observed. We propose that genes encoding LRR proteins and simple sequence repeat region prone to slippage are some of the most hypervariable regions of the soybean genome.
A Synthetically Accessible Small-Molecule Inhibitor of USP5-Cav3.2 Calcium Channel Interactions with Analgesic Properties (2022)

Cav3.2 calcium channels are important mediators of nociceptive signaling in the primary afferent pain pathway, and their expression is increased in various rodent models of chronic pain. Previous work from our laboratory has shown that this is in part mediated by an aberrant expression of deubiquitinase USP5, which associates with these channels and increases their stability. Here, we report on a novel bioactive rhodanine compound (II-1), which was identified in compound library screens. II-1 inhibits biochemical interactions between USP5 and the Cav3.2 domain III-IV linker in a dose-dependent manner, without affecting the enzymatic activity of USP5. Molecular docking analysis reveals two potential binding pockets at the USP5-Cav3.2 interface that are distinct from the binding site of the deubiquitinase inhibitor WP1130 (a.k.a. degrasyn). With an understanding of the ability of some rhodanines to produce false positives in high-throughput screening, we have conducted several orthogonal assays to confirm the validity of this hit, including in vivo experiments. Intrathecal delivery of II-1 inhibited both phases of formalin-induced nocifensive behaviors in mice, as well as abolished thermal hyperalgesia induced by the delivery of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) to the hind paw. The latter effects were abolished in Cav3.2 null mice, thus confirming that Cav3.2 is required for the action of II-1. II-1 also mediated a robust inhibition of mechanical allodynia induced by injury to the sciatic nerve. Altogether, our data uncover a novel class of analgesics─well suited to rapid structure-activity relationship studies─that target the Cav3.2/USP5 interface.
Limited anti-HIV neutralizing antibody breadth and potency before and after HIV superinfection in Danish men who have sex with men (2018)

These data support the theory that the natural neutralizing antibody response to HIV infection may not be the controlling factor in protecting against a subsequent HIV challenge.