gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
North-South Collaborations to Promote Health Innovations in Africa (2018)

The significant interest in and reference to regional innovation networks for health capacity building within international and regional public health and development strategies has not been matched with the operational support they need. There is little guidance about how to create and sustain such networks and about how north-south collaborations can contribute to their success. This Article describes a model for building African health capacity through regional health innovation networks that focuses on the complete pathway from idea to commercialization of health technologies, and it suggests guidelines for effective north-south collaborations to support this approach. In doing so, the Article highlights the importance of local legal and business capacity building as part of a product-focused, network-based health innovation strategy.
Purinergic Signaling in Liver Pathophysiology (2021)

Extracellular nucleosides and nucleotides activate a group of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) known as purinergic receptors, comprising adenosine and P2Y receptors. Furthermore, purinergic P2X ion channels are activated by ATP. These receptors are expressed in liver resident cells and play a critical role in maintaining liver function. In the normal physiology, these receptors regulate hepatic metabolic processes such as insulin responsiveness, glycogen and lipid metabolism, and bile secretion. In disease states, ATP and other nucleotides serve as danger signals and modulate purinergic responses in the cells. Recent studies have demonstrated that purinergic receptors play a significant role in the development of metabolic syndrome associated non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver inflammation. In this concise review, we dissect the role of purinergic signaling in different liver resident cells involved in maintaining healthy liver function and in the development of the above-mentioned liver pathologies. Moreover, we discuss potential therapeutic strategies for liver diseases by targeting adenosine, P2Y and P2X receptors.
Asymmetric Ground Rotman Lens for Multilayer Packages (2014)

An asymmetric ground Rotman lens is presented in this letter. A new design of a Rotman lens is proposed to accommodate a whole beamforming system by providing separate ground layers for antennas and circuits. The lens has three dielectric layers and four metallic layers. The prototype of the lens consists of seven array ports, five beam ports, and six dummy ports. The measured return losses show that all the beam ports are matched to better than 12 dB in the band of interest from 23 to 25 GHz. The radiation patterns were measured in a near field measurement system. It shows that the beam directions are -25 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> , -13.6 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> , 0.2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> , 12.4 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> , and 24.5 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> , respectively and the beam widths are 14 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> , 13.8 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> , 13 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> , 13.4 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> , and 14.1 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> , respectively. These results are in good agreement with the simulation. Thus, it is verified that the asymmetric ground lens is one of the best solutions for a compact beamforming system.
Donor type microchimerism is an infrequent event following liver transplantation and is not associated with graft acceptance (1997)

Donor-type microchimerism, the presence of a minority population of donor-derived haematopoietic cells following solid organ transplantation, has been postulated as a mechanism for induction of donor-specific graft tolerance. The stability, frequency, and relevance of microchimerism with respect to long-term outcome, however, remains uncertain. Using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method of microsatellite analysis of highly polymorphic short tandem repeat sequences (STRs) to detect donor-type cells, DNA from 11 patients was analyzed prospectively at specific time points for 12 months following liver transplantation, and from a further six patients retrospectively 2 years after liver transplantation. Using a panel of STRs, transient peripheral blood donor microchimerism was detected in 2 of 11 patients at a single time-point following transplantation, but persistent evidence of donor-derived cells was not observed during the study period. Analysis of DNA extracted from skin and duodenum in two patients likewise failed to show donor-type cells at these sites. None of the six patients in the retrospective arm showed donor microchimerism, resulting in an overall detection rate of 1.58%. These results suggest that donor microchimerism following liver transplantation is an infrequent event, and that the generation of graft tolerance is independent of microchimerism.
Regulation of gene transcription by thyroid hormone receptor β agonists in clinical development for the treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) (2020)

Thyroid hormones are important modulators of metabolic activity in mammals and alter cholesterol and fatty acid levels through activation of the nuclear thyroid hormone receptor (THR). Currently, there are several THRβ agonists in clinical trials for the treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) that have demonstrated the potential to reduce liver fat and restore liver function. In this study, we tested three THRβ-agonism-based NASH treatment candidates, GC-1 (sobetirome), MGL-3196 (resmetirom), and VK2809, and compared their selectivity for THRβ and their ability to modulate the expression of genes specific to cholesterol and fatty acid biosynthesis and metabolism in vitro using human hepatic cells and in vivo using a rat model. Treatment with GC-1 upregulated the transcription of CPT1A in the human hepatocyte-derived Huh-7 cell line with a dose-response comparable to that of the native THR ligand, triiodothyronine (T3). VK2809A (active parent of VK2809), MGL-3196, and VK2809 were approximately 30-fold, 1,000-fold, and 2,000-fold less potent than T3, respectively. Additionally, these relative potencies were confirmed by quantification of other direct gene targets of THR, namely, ANGPTL4 and DIO1. In primary human hepatocytes, potencies were conserved for every compound except for VK2809, which showed significantly increased potency that was comparable to that of its active counterpart, VK2809A. In high-fat diet fed rats, a single dose of T3 significantly reduced total cholesterol levels and concurrently increased liver Dio1 and Me1 RNA expression. MGL-3196 treatment resulted in concentration-dependent decreases in total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol with corresponding increases in liver gene expression, but the compound was significantly less potent than T3. In conclusion, we have implemented a strategy to rank the efficacy of THRβ agonists by quantifying changes in the transcription of genes that lead to metabolic alterations, an effect that is directly downstream of THR binding and activation.
Conformational Analysis of Reverse-Turn Constraints by N-Methylation and N-Hydroxylation of Amide Bonds in Peptides and Non-Peptide Mimetics (1998)

Several non-peptide systems have been designed to mimic different types of reverse turns. The incorporation of some of these mimetics into biologically active peptides has led to peptidomimetics with enhanced activity or metabolic stability. This paper reports the conformational analysis of tetrapeptides containing several bicyclic mimetics, sequences containing proline, other N-methyl and N-hydroxy amino acids, and pipecolic acid at residue i + 2 of the turn, and control peptide sequences using the Monte Carlo/stochastic dynamics simulation with the new set of AMBER* parameters for proline-containing peptides in water as implicitly represented by the GB/SA solvation model. Simple N-methylation (Pro-d-NMeAA and d-Pro-NMeAA) and N-hydroxylation of the amide bond between residues i + 1 and i + 2 or inclusion of the larger ring homolog pipecolic acid (d-Pro-Pip) in the third position (i + 2) causes significant nucleation of reverse-turn structures. Spirotricycle analogs restrict three of the four torsion angles that characterize the type II β-turn. Spirolactam analogs also restrict two of the four torsion angles as effective β-turn constraints. However, the geometry of a turn induced by indolizidinone and BTD differs significantly from that of an ideal β-turn and (S)-indolizidinone is more effective as a reverse turn than as a β-turn mimetic. These systems provide useful conformational constraints when incorporated into the structure of selected bioactive peptides. Such analogs can scan receptors for biological recognition of β-turn scaffolds with oriented side chains through combinatorial libraries to efficiently develop three-dimensional structure−activity relationships.
Intranasal delivery of drugs to eustachian tube orifice (2011)

The Mygind and Ragan positions are best for eustachian tube orifice drug delivery, and drops preparations are better than spray preparations.
Mode of replication, size and distribution of naturally occurring plasmids inBacillus thuringiensis (1992)

Cloned replication origin regions, derived from both small (4.9-7.5 MDa) and large (43-60 MDa) plasmids of Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki strains HD73 and HD263 were used as hybridization probes in a Southern-blot analysis to assess both the size and horizontal distribution of native plasmid replicon groups among different subspecies of B. thuringiensis. In general, resident plasmids hybridizing to the replication origin regions derived from strains HD263 and HD73 were more commonly found in kurstaki strains than in non-kurstaki strains, suggesting a non-random distribution of plasmid incompatibility groups. Replication origin regions derived from the large HD263 plasmids (43-60 MDa) hybridized almost exclusively with large plasmids (greater than 30 MDa) of widely varying sizes. In contrast, replication origin regions derived from small plasmids hybridized exclusively with small plasmids (less than 10 MDa) showing little size variation. These results are consistent with previous observations concerning the relationship between plasmid size, mode of replication, and structural stability.
Mechanical Search on Shelves using Lateral Access X-RAY (2021)

Finding an occluded object in a lateral access environment such as a shelf or cabinet is a problem that arises in many contexts such as warehouses, retail, healthcare, shipping, and homes. While this problem, known as mechanical search, is well-studied in overhead access environments, lateral access environments introduce constraints on the poses of objects and on available grasp actions, and pushing actions are preferred to preserve the environment structure. We propose LAX-RAY (Lateral Access maXimal Reduction in support Area of occupancY distribution): a system that combines target object occupancy distribution prediction with a mechanical search policy that sequentially pushes occluding objects to reveal a given target object. For scenarios with extruded polygonal objects, we introduce two lateral-access search policies that encode a history of predicted target distributions and can plan up to three actions into the future. We introduce a First-Order Shelf Simulator (FOSS) and use it to evaluate these policies in 800 simulated random shelf environments per policy. We also evaluate in 5 physical shelf environments using a Fetch robot with an embedded PrimeSense RGBD Camera and an attached pushing blade. The policies outperform baselines by up to 25% in simulation and up to 60% in physical experiments. Additionally, the two-step prediction policy is the highest performing in simulation for 8 objects with a 69% success rate, suggesting a tradeoff between future information and prediction errors. Code, videos, and supplementary material can be found at https://sites.google.com/berkeley.edu/lax-ray.
On differentially private frequent itemset mining (2012)

We consider differentially private frequent itemset mining. We begin by exploring the theoretical difficulty of simultaneously providing good utility and good privacy in this task. While our analysis proves that in general this is very difficult, it leaves a glimmer of hope in that our proof of difficulty relies on the existence of long transactions (that is, transactions containing many items). Accordingly, we investigate an approach that begins by truncating long transactions, trading off errors introduced by the truncation with those introduced by the noise added to guarantee privacy. Experimental results over standard benchmark databases show that truncating is indeed effective. Our algorithm solves the "classical" frequent itemset mining problem, in which the goal is to find all itemsets whose support exceeds a threshold. Related work has proposed differentially private algorithms for the top-<i>k</i> itemset mining problem ("find the <i>k</i> most frequent itemsets".) An experimental comparison with those algorithms show that our algorithm achieves better <i>F</i>-score unless <i>k</i> is small.
Circular zymogens of human ribonuclease 1 (2019)

The endogenous production of enzymes as zymogens provides a means to control catalytic activities. Here, we describe the heterologous production of ribonuclease 1 (RNase 1), which is the most prevalent secretory ribonuclease in humans, as a zymogen. In folded RNase 1, the N and C termini flank the enzymic active site. By using intein-mediated cis-splicing, we created circular proteins in which access to the active site of RNase 1 is obstructed by an amino-acid sequence that is recognized by the HIV-1 protease. Installing a sequence that does not perturb the RNase 1 fold led to only modest inactivation. In contrast, the ancillary truncation of residues from each terminus led to a substantial decrease in the catalytic activity of the zymogen with the maintenance of thermostability. For optimized zymogens, activation by HIV-1 protease led to a > 10<sup>4</sup> -fold increase in ribonucleolytic activity at a rate comparable to that for the cleavage of endogenous viral substrates. Molecular modeling indicated that these zymogens are inactivated by conformational distortion in addition to substrate occlusion. Because protease levels are elevated in many disease states and ribonucleolytic activity can be cytotoxic, RNase 1 zymogens have potential as generalizable prodrugs.
ChemInform Abstract: [(η5‐C5Me5)CrO2]2 ‐ ein zweikerniger Oxokomplex von Chrom(V). (1985)

Abstract Die Oxidation des Nitrosylkomplexes (Ia) liefert ohne Bestrahlung den diamagnetischen Titelkomplex (II) (RG P ‐ 1 ‐ mit Z = l).
Anharmonic Vibrations via Filter Diagonalization of ab Initio Dynamics Trajectories (1998)

Filter diagonalization (Wall, M. R.; Neuhauser, D. J. Chem. Phys. 1995, 102, 8011) is a new and efficient method for extracting frequencies and damping constants from a short-time segment of any time-dependent signal, whether of quantum nature or not. In this letter, we will demonstrate that filter diagonalization can be used to follow the anharmonic vibrational dynamics of Si6. Using the technique, we can locate (resolve) the normal modes (including the widths) from even a very short-time correlation signal generated by ab initio molecular dynamics calculations. Our results show that filter diagonalization can reduce significantly the necessary sampling time with an ab initio molecular simulation and aid in understanding normal-mode dynamics for systems that are affected by anharmonicity.
Community Radio Supporting Maternal and Child Health and Preventing obstetric Fistula in an area impacted by climate change (2018)

Aims: To describe how a community radio station and its allied resources have supported maternal and child health promotion and prevention of fistula in hard to reach and climate change-affected areas in Bangladesh. Methods: The volunteers and operators of Radio Nalta were provided training on maternal health and fistula communication by a development partner. Information packs were made available through different institutions. Results: We produced and broadcast public service announcements on maternal health and fistula, integrated maternal health and fistula related messages radio plays and prioritized maternal health and fistula coverage in community radio news. We aired 11 talk shows on fistula, eight in observation to International day to end obstetric fistula. We reached 600,000 people with fistula information. Conclusions: Community radio can help in reaching out populations in hard to reach areas with information and education for promoting maternal health and prevention of fistula. Coastal areas are impacted by climate change and the community radio can effectively communicate with communities there.
Corner detection via trilateral filtering of chain codes (2011)

Contours are the most common feature used in the shape detection and recognition applications. Contours in digital images constitute of consecutive pixels, thus they can be represented with chain codes by encoding the relative positions of the pixels forming that contour. Sharp transitions on chain coded contour information correspond to the corners or notches of the 2D shape enclosed by that contour. Moreover, useful information about geometric structures and orientations of the shapes can be gathered by examining the distributions and moments of the chain codes. Despite their profitable properties, chain codes are not robust against the rotation. Because contours are exposed to quantization while they are being digitized, same geometric shape may have different chain code representations. Another downside about the chain codes is the difficulty of their extraction from real images in an efficient manner. In this study, we propose a novel real-time corner detection method by extracting the chain codes by Edge Drawing (ED) method and after processing them with the trilateral filtering.
Identification of Human T Cell Targets Recognized duringChlamydia trachomatisGenital Infection (2007)

The specificity of the human T cell response to Chlamydia trachomatis was investigated by stimulating lymphocytes from 16 case patients with urogenital infection by use of a size-fractionated serovar D lysate. Considerable heterogeneity was found among case patients, and multiple protein fractions were recognized in each specimen. Mass spectrometry analysis of the 30-42-kDa T cell-stimulating region identified 10 C. trachomatis proteins. Of these, CT583, CT603, and CT610 were identified as strong antigens that induced significantly higher levels of IFN- gamma secretion in PBMCs from case patients, compared with PBMCs from control donors. All 3 proteins were recognized in specimens from case patients infected with serovars D-F, the most prevalent serovars. McDonald-Kreitman and Tajima's D tests involving clinical isolates from the same samples showed evidence for frequency-dependent selection on ct583. We predict that CT583 is a target of acquired protective immune responses in humans.
Using Sex Pheromone Trapping to Explore Threats to Wheat From Hessian Fly (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in the Upper Great Plains (2012)

Before embarking on the 5-10 yr effort it can take to transfer plant resistance (R) genes to adapted crop cultivars, a question must be asked: is the pest a sufficient threat to warrant this effort? We used the recently discovered female-produced sex pheromone of the Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae),to explore this question for populations in the Upper Great Plains. Methods for pheromone trapping were established and trapping data were used to explore geographic distribution, phenology, and density. The pheromone lure remained attractive for up to 10 d and only attracted male Hessian flies. Traps placed within the crop canopy caught flies but traps placed above the crop canopy did not. Hessian flies were trapped throughout North Dakota starting in the spring and continuing through the summer and autumn. Densities were low in the spring but increased greatly during the early part of the summer, with peak adult emergence taking place at a time (July/August) when spring wheat was being harvested and winter wheat had not yet been planted. In the autumn, adults were found at a time when winter wheat seedlings are growing. The discovery of flies on Conservation Reserve Program land supports the idea that pasture grasses serve as alternate hosts. We conclude that the Hessian fly is a risk to wheat in the Upper Great Plains and predict that global warming and the increasing cultivation of winter wheat will add to this risk.
Drugs Active at T‐type Ca 2+ Channels (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Methodology Indications Conclusions
Reliable broadcast algorithms for HARTS (1991)

article Free Access Share on Reliable broadcast algorithms for HARTS Authors: Dilip D. Kandlur Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor Univ. of Michigan, Ann ArborView Profile , Kang G. Shin Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor Univ. of Michigan, Ann ArborView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM Transactions on Computer SystemsVolume 9Issue 4pp 374–398https://doi.org/10.1145/118544.119233Published:01 November 1991Publication History 21citation378DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations21Total Downloads378Last 12 Months15Last 6 weeks6 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
A Simple BGP-based Mobile Routing System for the Aeronautical Telecommunications Network (2018)

The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) is investigating
mobile routing solutions for a worldwide Aeronautical
Telecommunications Network with Internet Protocol Services (ATN/IPS).
The ATN/IPS will eventually replace existing communication services
with an IPv6-based service supporting pervasive Air Traffic Management
(ATM) for Air Traffic Controllers (ATC), Airline Operations
Controllers (AOC), and all commercial aircraft worldwide. This
informational document describes a simple and extensible mobile
routing service based on industry-standard BGP to address the ATN/IPS
requirements.
Chiral N‐Fluorodibenzenesulfonimide Analogues for Enantioselective Electrophilic Fluorination and Oxidative Fluorination (2013)

Abstract This work describes the design, synthesis, and application of de novo chiral fluorinating agents as analogues of popular N ‐fluorodibenzenesulfonimide (NFSI). The fluorination step by means of elemental fluorine is presented. Enantioselective fluorination is demonstrated in cyclic β‐keto esters and in the synthesis of BMS‐204352 (up to 86 % ee ). Oxidative aminofluorination is also examined.