gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Retroviral DNA Transposition: Themes and Variations (2015)

Two unique features of retroviruses are their genome organization and strategies for gene expression. While the gene order of retroviruses is conserved, the synthesis of retroviral proteins can be controlled by different mechanisms. Variations include the ways in which RNA splicing is used to produce mRNAs from a single long transcript, a portion of which must remain unspliced to serve as the viral genome. With these general principles in mind, an overview of the retrovirus family follows, along with a description of how the gene organization of its members relates to gene expression and the viral entry process. Detailed descriptions of the molecular aspects of these processes can be found in the comprehensive Retroviruses (2) an overview chapter in Fields Virology (3), or a number of recent reviews that focus mainly on the early steps in the reproductive cycle of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) (4 – 11).
Designing of an O-type BWO with a metamaterial slow-wave structure (2016)

The aim of this work is to design a novel metamaterial slow wave structure (SWS) for high power microwave (HPM) generation using a short pulse relativistic electron beam. The structure provides around 15% efficiency with 250 MW output power at 1.4 GHz frequency. It generates backward wave generation and beam-wave interaction with a TE <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">21</sub> -like mode.
Simultaneous transport of multiple biological cells by VCSEL array optical traps (2003)

We demonstrate the use of vertical cavity surface emitting laser arrays (VCSEL arrays) for simultaneous optical trapping, transport and active manipulation of live biological cells and microspheres, with impact on biochip array and assay technologies.
Mathematical Modeling of Hepatitis C Prevalence Reduction with Antiviral Treatment Scale-Up in Persons Who Inject Drugs in Metropolitan Chicago (2015)

Treatment scale-up could dramatically reduce the prevalence of chronic HCV infection among PWID in Chicago, who are the main reservoir for on-going HCV transmission. Focusing treatment on PWID attending HR programs and/or young PWID could have a significant impact on HCV prevalence in these subpopulations at an attainable cost.
Functional screening of genes suppressing TRAIL-induced apoptosis: distinct inhibitory activities of Bcl-XL and Bcl-2 (2003)

TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is known to selectively induce apoptosis in various tumour cells. However, downstream-signalling of TRAIL-receptor is not well defined. A functional genetic screening was performed to isolate genes interfering with TRAIL-induced apoptosis using cDNA retroviral library. Bcl-X(L) and FLIP were identified after DNA sequencing analysis of cDNA rescued from TRAIL-resistant clones. We found that increased expression of Bcl-X(L), but not Bcl-2, suppressed TRAIL-induced apoptosis in tumour cells. Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses showed that expression of Bcl-X(L), but not Bcl-2, was highly increased in human breast cancer tissues. Exposure of MDA-MB-231 breast tumour cells to TRAIL induced apoptosis accompanied by dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential and enzymatic activation of caspase-3, -8, and -9. However, SK-BR-3 breast tumour cells exhibiting increased expression level of Bcl-X(L) were resistant to TRAIL, though upon exposure to TRAIL, caspase-8 and Bid were activated. Forced expression of Bcl-X(L), but not Bcl-2, desensitised TRAIL-sensitive MDA-MB-231 cells to TRAIL. Similar inhibitory effects were also observed in other tumour cells such as HeLa and Jurkat cells stably expressing Bcl-X(L), but not Bcl-2. These results are indicative of the crucial and distinct function of Bcl-X(L) and Bcl-2 in the modulation of TRAIL-induced apoptosis.
Nearly Optimal Measurement Scheduling for Partial Tomography of Quantum States (2020)

Many applications of quantum simulation require one to prepare and then characterize quantum states by efficiently estimating k-body reduced density matrices (k-RDMs), from which observables of interest may be obtained. For instance, the fermionic 2-RDM contains the energy, charge density, and energy gradients of an electronic system, while the qubit 2-RDM contains the spatial correlation functions of magnetic systems. Naive estimation of such RDMs requires repeated state preparations for each matrix element, which makes for prohibitively large computation times. However, commuting matrix elements may be measured simultaneously, allowing for a significant cost reduction. In this work, we design schemes for such a parallelization with near-optimal complexity in the system size N. We first describe a scheme to sample all elements of a qubit k-RDM using only O(3klogk-1N) unique measurement circuits, an exponential improvement over prior art. We then describe a scheme for sampling all elements of the fermionic 2-RDM using only O(N2) unique measurement circuits, each of which requires only a local O(N)-depth measurement circuit. We prove a lower bound of ω(ϵ-2Nk) on the number of state preparations, Clifford circuits, and measurement in the computational basis required to estimate all elements of a fermionic k-RDM, making our scheme for sampling the fermionic 2-RDM asymptotically optimal. We finally construct circuits to sample the expectation value of a linear combination of ω anticommuting two-body fermionic operators with only O(ω) gates on a linear array. These circuits allows for sampling any linear combination of fermionic 2-RDM elements in O(N4/ω) time, with a significantly lower measurement circuit complexity than prior art. Our results improve the viability of near-term quantum simulation of molecules and strongly correlated material systems.
Arthroscopic Hip Revision Surgery for Residual FAI (2014)

Objectives: There is a steep surgical learning curve when managing femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) and residual FAI can lead to continued pain and disability. There is very limited data reporting outcomes after revision arthroscopy for residual FAI. Methods: The records of patients that underwent arthroscopic hip revision surgery for residual FAI based on plain radiographs and 3D CT scans were reviewed. Pre and post-operative structural pathomorphology, intra-operative findings, and pre and post-operative outcomes measures using Modified Harris Hip Scoring (MHHS), SF-12 scoring, and pain on a visual analogue scale (VAS) were evaluated. Outcomes after revision arthroscopic FAI correction were compared to a cohort that underwent primary arthroscopic FAI correction. Results: 59 patients (85 hips) underwent arthroscopic revision FAI correction (mean 20.8 months follow-up). There were 98 previous arthroscopic surgeries and 4 previous surgical dislocations. There were 39 males and 46 females with a mean age of 29.5 years (range 16 - 59). 80 hips had residual cam-type FAI, and 64 hips had residual pincer-type FAI and underwent femoral and rim resections, respectively. The labrum was debrided in 27 hips, repaired in 48 hips and reconstructed with allograft in 8 hips. Adhesions were excised for 54 hips. The results of revision arthroscopic FAI correction were compared to 154 patients (169 hips) that underwent primary arthroscopic FAI correction (mean 25.2 months follow-up). The mean improvement for outcomes scores after revision FAI correction was 18.9 points (MHHS, p&lt;.01), 13.4 points (SF-12, p&lt;.01), and 2.2 points (VAS, p&lt;.01) compared to 23.7 points (MHHS, p&lt;.01), 22.3 points (SF-12, p&lt;.01), and 4.6 points (VAS, p&lt;.01) after primary arthroscopic FAI correction. Most recent outcomes scores and mean improvement in outcome scores were significantly better after primary (81.1% good/ excellent results) compared to revision (69.8% good/excellent results) FAI correction (MHS (p&gt;.05), SF-12 (p&lt;.01), VAS (p&lt;.01). Conclusion: With appropriate indications and expectations, arthroscopic hip revision surgery for residual FAI led to significantly improved outcome measures. Outcomes, however, were inferior to those after primary arthroscopic FAI corrective surgery.
Control of the structural dimensionality in hydrogen-bonded self-assemblies of open-shell molecules. Extension of intermolecular ferromagnetic interactions in α-phenyl nitronyl nitroxide radicals into three dimensions (1995)

The variation of the number and position of OH substituents at the phenyl ring of α-phenyl nitronyl nitroxide radicals yields different hydrogen-bonded molecular self-assemblies with distinct dimensionalities; the mono-ortho-substituted isomer is most remarkable since it shows a three-dimensional network of weak hydrogen bonds exhibiting a bulk ferromagnetic transition at 0.45 K.
Sedimentation Field-Flow Fractionation Studies of Ostwald Ripening in Fluorocarbon Emulsions Containing Two Disperse Phase Components (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSedimentation Field-Flow Fractionation Studies of Ostwald Ripening in Fluorocarbon Emulsions Containing Two Disperse Phase ComponentsJeffry G. Weers and Rebecca A. ArlauskasCite this: Langmuir 1995, 11, 2, 474–477Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00002a018https://doi.org/10.1021/la00002a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views129Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Evidence for the presence of suppressor T lymphocytes in animals treated with cyclosporin A. (1982)

Mice sensitized with alloantigens and treated with cyclosporin A (CsA) were incapable of generating antigen-specific cytolytic lymphocytes (CL). Lymphocytes from these CsA-treated animals could not be reactivated upon exposure to the same alloantigens in mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC), whereas their response to a third-party antigen remained intact, suggesting a long-lasting and specific effect of CsA. After being irradiated, these lymphocytes from CsA-treated animals were added to normal MLC and were shown to prevent normal lymphocytes from becoming cytolytic in a dose-dependent and antigen-nonspecific fashion. These suppressor cells were not detected in mice receiving CsA only, indicating that CsA did not induce but rather permitted the expression of suppressor cells possibly generated by allosensitization. The suppressor cells appeared to be T lymphocytes, because treatment with anti-Thy-1.2 antibody and C abrogated their suppressive activity. The present results suggest that activation and/or sparing of suppressor cells by CsA may account for the long-lasting unresponsiveness seen in CsA-treated animals.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Synthesis of Mono‐ and Di‐β‐hydroxy‐β‐bis(trifluoromethyl)‐(di)imines from β‐Hydroxy‐β‐bis(trifluoromethyl)‐ketones and (Di)amines. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Tetraspanin protein (TSP-15) is required for epidermal integrity inCaenorhabditis elegans (2004)

Epidermal integrity is essential for animal development and survival. Here, we demonstrate that TSP-15, a member of the tetraspanin protein family, is required for epithelial membrane integrity in Caenorhabditis elegans. Reduction of tsp-15 function by mutation or by RNA interference elicits abnormalities of the hypodermis, including dissociation of the cuticle and degeneration of the hypodermis. Lethality during molting often results. Examination of GFP transgenic animals, genetic mosaic analysis and rescue assays revealed that TSP-15 functions in hyp7, a large syncytium that composes most of the hypodermis. Assays with a membrane-impermeable dye or leakage analysis of a hypodermal-specific marker indicate that the barrier function of the hypodermal membrane is impaired owing to the loss or reduction of TSP-15. These results indicate that TSP-15 functions in the maintenance of epithelial cell integrity.
Response of Variant Hereditary Angioedema Phenotypes to Danazol Therapy (1979)

Hereditary angioedema (HAE), an auto-somal dominant disorder characterized by attacks of episodic edema is associated with decreased functional levels of the C1 esterase inhibitor. Approximately 85% of patients have lowered antigen levels of a normal inhibitor protein. 15% of patients have normal or elevated antigenic levels of functionless protein. We have examined the response to danazol therapy of patients with the variant HAE phenotypes possessing the abnormal protein in an effort to determine if these patients possess a normal structural C1 inhibitor allele. Four patients with a variant HAE phenotype were treated successfully with danazol. In two patients, distinguished by the presence of a functionless, albumin-bound, C1 inhibitor (phenotype 2), phenotypic analysis of the danazol response by bidirectional immunoelectrophoresis revealed the appearance of the normal C1 inhibitor gene product during danazol therapy. This relatively cathodal C1 inhibitor peak appears in conjunction with the development of nearly normal functional activity. All of the functional C1 inhibitory activity which appeared in the phenotype 2 treatment serum was associated with the electrophoretically normal inhibitor. This normal protein could be separated from the functionless inhibitor protein by immunoadsorption and molecular sieve chromatography. Danazol therapy of the two patients with an electrophoretically normal, functionless C1 inhibitor (phenotype 3) also resulted in a clinical remission associated with development of a significant increment in functional serum C1 inhibitory activity and C1 inhibitor protein. These findings demonstrate that these two HAE phenotypic variants are heterozygous for the normal serum C1 inhibitor, a finding which was not apparent before phenotypic analysis of this serum during danazol therapy. These data provide strong evidence for a basic similarity between the common form of HAE and its phenotypic variants. They also suggest that a structural gene lesion may result in the abnormalities of serum C1 inhibitor function and disease expression in all three of these HAE phenotypes.
t(7;12)(q36;p13), a new recurrent translocation involvingETV6 in infant leukemia (2000)

The ETV6 gene is rearranged as a result of translocations involving a wide variety of chromosomal partners. To date, 12 partner genes for ETV6 have been cloned, and a further 23 chromosomal regions have been described. We previously identified a cryptic t(7;12) with ETV6 involvement in two cases of infant leukemia. The finding of a third case of t(7;12), also in an infant, prompted a more focussed search based on the common features found in these patients and those reported in the literature. The selection criteria were age at diagnosis < 20 months and the presence of +19 and/or +8 in the karyotype; cases with abnormalities of 7q and/or 12p were also considered. FISH studies using whole chromosome paints and probes for the ETV6 gene revealed a t(7;12) in 10 out of 23 cases studied. Seven of these had evidence of ETV6 rearrangement. Of those with ETV6 involvement, six had a 7q36 and one a 7q22 breakpoint. Importantly, in three cases the 7q36 breakpoint was within the same PAC, suggesting the existence of a new nonrandom translocation. However, in at least one patient the 7q36 breakpoint was different. The identification of the 7q partner genes will determine whether it is the disruption of ETV6 alone, or the formation of fusion genes, that is important for leukemogenesis in these patients. As both 7q36 and 7q22 are critical regions of gene loss in del(7q) leukemias, the identification of partner genes from these regions may also be important in understanding the pathogenesis of these diseases.
Oxygen gas sensing at low temperature using indium zinc oxide-gated AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (2010)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Yu-Lin Wang, C. Y. Chang, Wantae Lim, S. J. Pearton, D. P. Norton, B. H. Chu, C. F. Lo, F. Ren, J. W. Johnson, P. Rajagopal, J. C. Roberts, E. L. Piner, K. J. Linthicum; Oxygen gas sensing at low temperature using indium zinc oxide-gated AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors. Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B 1 March 2010; 28 (2): 376–379. https://doi.org/10.1116/1.3368467 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAVS: Science & Technology of Materials Interfaces and ProcessingJournal of Vacuum Science & Technology B Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Preparation of Substituted Piperazinones via Tandem Reductive Amination—(N,N′‐Acyl Transfer)—Cyclization. (2002)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
ChemInform Abstract: Concise Total Synthesis of Enigmazole A. (2016)

Abstract This total synthesis provides Enigmazole A (III) in 3.3% overall yield.
Sind menschliche Freiheit und Autonomie nur eine Illusion? (2022)

Wie steht es um die »Freiheit« zu Beginn des 21. Jahrhunderts? Freiheit ist ein zentrales Gut. Doch Freiheit ist nur in einem Sinnzusammenhang erfahrbar und steht in einem Spannungsverhältnis zu anderen Werten. Freiheit ist nicht naturgegeben, sondern ergibt sich aus dem Zusammenspiel von Sozialisation und Zwängen. Es braucht Regeln und Gesetze, um Freiheit zu erhalten und dauerhaft zu gewährleisten. Daher die Frage: Wieviel Freiheit müssen wir aufgeben, um frei zu sein? Die Beiträger des Bandes untersuchen, was Herausforderungen wie Klimawandel, Digitalisierung, gesellschaftliche Diversität und der sich verschärfende Systemwettbewerb mit autoritären Staaten für unsere Freiheit bedeuten. Verliert der Wert der Freiheit zugunsten von Gleichheit an Bedeutung? Wann kann und soll der Staat Freiheit einschränken? Welche Verantwortung tragen wir für die Freiheit künftiger Generationen? Fest steht, dass das gesellschaftliche Bewusstsein für das Beziehungsgefüge, in dem Freiheit möglich ist, im Wandel ist. Mit Beiträgen u. a. von Andreas Reckwitz, Clemens Fuest, Monika Schnitzer, Tim Crane, Bruno Kahl, Claudia Wiesner, Gabriel Felbermayr, Birke Häcker und Hans Ulrich Obrist.
Complementary Organic Circuits Using Evaporated $ \hbox{F}_{16}\hbox{CuPc}$ and Inkjet Printing of PQT (2010)

Organic complementary inverters and ring oscillators are fabricated using a unique combination of inkjet printing and evaporation of organic semiconductors. p-Type poly (3, 3'''-didodecylquaterthiophene) (PQT) is inkjet printed, after which n-type copper hexadecafluorophthalocyanine (F <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">16</sub> CuPc) is evaporated and patterned by shadow masking. A solution-processable bilayer gate dielectric with superior gate leakage characteristics and a simplified process stack is implemented. The inverters show a high noise margin, good gain characteristics, and a switching point close to <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dd</sub> /2. A five-stage ring oscillator is also demonstrated.
Optical and electrical trade-offs of rib-to-contact distance in depletion-type ring modulators (2017)

We present a study on electrical and optical trade-offs of the doping map in a ring modulator. Here, we investigate the effects of the high-doped region distance to edge of the waveguide sidewall. Four groups of ring modulators with different rib-to-contact distances are fabricated and measured where the key parameters such as extinction ratio, insertion loss, transmission penalty, and bandwidth are compared quantitatively. Small-signal responses for the selected ring modulators are simulated where results are in agreement with measurement results. We show that, at 4dB extinction ratio, decreasing the high-doped region distance to rib from 800nm to 350nm will increase the bandwidth by 3.8 ×. However, we observed 8.4dB increase the insertion loss. We also show that the high-doped region location affects the trade-off between bandwidth and frequency response magnitude at low frequencies. At 350nm, this trade off is 2.5 × and 3.8× more efficient compared to 550nm and 800nm, respectively.
MR Elastography (2021)

Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is a relatively new technique that images and measures the mechanical properties of the tissues. MRE provides noninvasive quantitative parameters that are useful in the evaluation of various disease processes of the organs. Currently, MRE is widely used for the assessment of liver fibrosis. MRE of the brain is emerging as a valuable clinical tool in the assessment of diffuse brain disease and preoperative evaluation of intracranial masses. Improvements in the MRE technology and recognition of increased stiffness as a parameter for the disease have set the stage for its application in the pancreas, spleen, prostate, kidneys, cardiac muscle, uterus, and skeletal muscles. Recent advances have also provided newer mechanical parameters that may help in differentiating disease processes that increase tissue stiffness.
Comparative Analysis of Extensions of Transbasal Approaches: Effect on Access to Midline and Paramedian Structures (2009)

We sought to quantitate the effect of extensions of transbasal approaches (TBAs) on midline and paramedian targets of the cranial base. Eight silicone-injected cadaveric heads were dissected with extensions of TBA level I removal of the orbital bar. Objective measures were the comparisons of the accessibility of midline and paramedian targets with progressive dissections by level II detachment of the medial canthal ligaments and removal of the nasal bone and by level III removal of the lateral orbital walls with lateral orbital retraction. Mean areas of freedom increased for most targets with progressive bone removal. For midline targets, the most effective freedom increment was at the pituitary gland (level II: 28.8%, p = 0.05; level III: 107.1%, p < 0.001). For paramedian targets, the best freedom increment was for the foramen rotundum (level II: 56.4%; level III: 134.5%, all p < 0.001). Extensions of the TBA can increase the surgical corridor to midline and paramedian structures, especially for pituitary and maxillary regions. Level II exposure offers no clear benefit for most targets except the foramen rotundum. With level III exposure, all targets are effectively exposed compared with levels I and II.
HiJAKing T-ALL (2014)

In the current issue of Blood, Degryse and coauthors report the transforming potential of a series of JAK3 mutations identified in primary T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) samples and pave the way toward multitargeted JAK1 and JAK3 therapy in T-ALL.