gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microfluidic interconnects (2023)

A miniature connector for introducing microliter quantities of solutions into microfabricated fluidic devices. The fluidic connector, for example, joins standard high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) tubing to 1 mm diameter holes in silicon or glass, enabling ml-sized volumes of sample solutions to be merged with .mu.l-sized devices. The connector has many features, including ease of connect and disconnect; a small footprint which enables numerous connectors to be located in a small area; low dead volume; helium leak-tight; and tubing does not twist during connection. Thus the connector enables easy and effective change of microfluidic devices and introduction of different solutions in the devices.
A linguistic feature representation of the speech waveform (1993)

Linguistic theory views a phoneme as a shorthand notation for a bundle of binary features related to the operation of the speaker's articulators. A representation of the speech waveform in terms of these underlying distinctive features is described here. The estimation of the probability of each of 14 linguistic features being encoded locally in the waveform is performed on a frame-by-frame basis. In going from the abstract to the physical level, it is recognized that the features are encoded in the waveform hierarchically and that time-varying manifestations of a feature within a phonemic segment are possible. These issues are addressed simultaneously through a two-stage procedure. In the first pass, the time portion and broad class of sound being represented by each frame are estimated. On the second pass, for each distinctive linguistic feature, models built explicitly for the estimated broad class portion are evaluated to arrive at the probability that each frame is part of a realization of a phoneme in which the feature is present. The distinctive feature representation is applied to the tasks of phoneme recognition and secondary classification in keyword spotting.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Structural Transitions Associated with the Interaction of Alzheimer β-Amyloid Peptides with Gangliosides (1998)

Alzheimer's disease is characterized pathologically by the presence of neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaques. The principal component of the plaque is the beta-amyloid peptide (Abeta), a 39-43-residue peptide. The conformational change required for the conversion of soluble peptide into amyloid fibrils is modulated by pH, Abeta concentration, addition of kinetic and thermodynamic enhancers, and alterations in the primary sequence of Abeta. We report here the ability of gangliosides to induce an alpha-helical structure in Abeta and thereby diminish fibrillogenesis. Circular dichroism and a fluorescence dye release assay data indicate that gangliosides interact with and induce alpha-helix formation in Abeta. We find that the sialic acid moiety of gangliosides is necessary for the induction of alpha-helical structure. Differences in the amount and the position of the sialic acid on the carbohydrate backbone also affect the conformational switch. The Abeta-ganglioside interaction at pH 7.0, monitored by CD, is stable over time and resistant to high concentrations of NaCl. The induction of alpha-helical structure is greater with Abeta1-40 than Abeta1-42. The ability of gangliosides to sequester Abeta from fibril formation was also evaluated by electron microscopy.
Anti-HIV Activities of Precisely Defined, Semirigid, Carboxylated Alternating Copolymers (2014)

Di-tert-butyl (E)-4,4'-stilbenedicarboxylate and tert-butyl 4-vinylbenzoate were copolymerized with maleic anhydride and tert-butyl 4-maleimidobenzoate, individually and respectively. After conversion into polyanions, these four copolymers exhibited activity against four HIV-1 strains: IIIb, BaL, JR-CSF, and 92UG037. For both the IIIb and BaL HIV-1 strains, the lowest IC50 (0.095 and 0.23 μg/mL, respectively) values were obtained with poly(4,4'-stilbenedicarboxylate-alt-maleic acid) (DCSti-alt-MA). For JR-CSF and 92UG037, both tier 2 clinical isolates but different clades, DCSti-alt-MA exhibited the lowest IC50 (0.76 and 0.75 μg/mL, respectively). Although DCSti-alt-MA had the lowest IC50 in μg/mL for each strain, the other copolymers had IC50s less than 2-fold higher. Further, these copolymers achieved high selectivity indices (>100) for these clinical isolates. Polymer rigidity, as measured by the statistical segment length, emerged as a key property when comparing anti-HIV activities with those of other polyanions. A speculative illustration was proposed for possible modes of inhibition.
Proteomic and metabolomic analyses provide insight into production of volatile and non-volatile flavor components in mandarin hybrid fruit (2015)

We showed that the diversion of valencene and other sesquiterpenes into the terpenoid pathway together with high production of apocarotenoid volatiles might have resulted in the lower concentration of carotenoids in Temple fruit.
128. CONTRIBUTION OF THE OLECRANON TO ELBOW STABILITY: AN IN-VITRO BIOMECHANICAL STUDY (2011)

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of serial olecranon resections on elbow stability. Method: Eight fresh, previously frozen cadaveric arms underwent CT scanning. The specimens were mounted in an in-vitro motion simulator, and kinematic data was obtained using an electromagnetic tracking system. Simulated active and passive flexion was produced with servo-motors and pneumatic pistons attached to specific muscles. Flexion was studied in the dependent, horizontal, varus, and valgus positions. Custom computer navigation software was utilized to guide serial resection of the olecranon in 12.5% increments. A triceps advancement repair was performed following each resection. Results: Serial olecranon resections resulted in a significant increase in valgus-varus (V-V) laxity for both passive (p Conclusion: A progressive increase in the varus-valgus laxity of the elbow was seen with sequential excision of the olecranon. Laxity of the elbow was increased with excision of 75% of the olecranon, likely due to the loss of the bony congruity and attachment site of the posterior band of the medial collateral ligament. Gross instability resulted when 87.5% or greater was removed, likely due to damage to the anterior band of the medial collateral ligament as it inserts on the sublime tubercle of the ulna. Rehabilitation of the elbow with the arm in the dependant position should be considered following excision of the olecranon; varus and valgus orientations should be avoided. The contribution of the olecranon to elbow stability may be even more important in patients with associated ligament injuries or fractures of the elbow.
The Future of Nanotechnology: Cross-disciplined Progress to Improve Health and Medicine (2019)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEEditorialNEXTThe Future of Nanotechnology: Cross-disciplined Progress to Improve Health and MedicineJinwoo Cheon*Jinwoo CheonYonsei University*E-mail: [email protected]More by Jinwoo Cheonhttp://orcid.org/0000-0001-8948-5929, Warren Chan*Warren ChanUniversity of Toronto*E-mail: [email protected]More by Warren Chanhttp://orcid.org/0000-0001-5435-4785, and Inge Zuhorn*Inge ZuhornUniversity of Groningen*E-mail: [email protected]More by Inge Zuhornhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-7695-915XCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 2019, 52, 9, 2405Publication Date (Web):September 17, 2019Publication History Published online17 September 2019Published inissue 17 September 2019https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00423https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00423editorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2019 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views3922Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (258 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Bioengineering and biotechnology,Fluids,Nanomedicine,Nanoparticles,Nanotechnology Get e-Alerts
Genes regulated by estrogen in breast tumor cells in vitro are similarly regulated in vivoin tumor xenografts and human breast tumors (2006)

Our results provide significant validation of a widely used in vitro model of estrogen signaling as being pathologically relevant to breast cancers in vivo.
Polymer Solar Cells An Energy Source for Low-Power Consumption Electronics (2017)

The thin, flexible, and low-cost nature of polymer solar cells (PSCs) makes them a suitable energy source for low-power consumption electronics. This chapter presents an overview of recent technological advances in PSCs, and their integration into large-scale fabrication processes as well as their impact on the cost of the final products. It reviews recent technological advances in PSCs, including novel polymer materials and nano-optics. The chapter focuses on understanding the manufacturing cost of polymer solar panels and thereby assessing the viability of the technology. The primary focus of PSC research today is to address challenges in overcoming high manufacturing costs due to the need for specialized equipment, as well as performance issues that are limiting wide use. The integration of PSCs into large-scale fabrication processes as well as their impact on the cost of the final products is also reported.
Three Distinct Types of Ca 2+ Waves in Langendorff-Perfused Rat Heart Revealed by Real-Time Confocal Microscopy (2000)

Although Ca(2+) waves in cardiac myocytes are regarded as arrhythmogenic substrates, their properties in the heart in situ are poorly understood. On the hypothesis that Ca(2+) waves in the heart behave diversely and some of them influence the cardiac function, we analyzed their incidence, propagation velocity, and intercellular propagation at the subepicardial myocardium of fluo 3-loaded rat whole hearts using real-time laser scanning confocal microscopy. We classified Ca(2+) waves into 3 types. In intact regions showing homogeneous Ca(2+) transients under sinus rhythm (2 mmol/L [Ca(2+)](o)), Ca(2+) waves did not occur. Under quiescence, the waves occurred sporadically (3.8 waves. min(-1) x cell(-1)), with a velocity of 84 microm/s, a decline half-time (t(1/2)) of 0.16 seconds, and rare intercellular propagation (propagation ratio <0.06) (sporadic wave). In contrast, in presumably Ca(2+)-overloaded regions showing higher fluorescent intensity (113% versus the intact regions), Ca(2+) waves occurred at 28 waves x min(-1) x cell(-1) under quiescence with a higher velocity (116 microm/s), longer decline time (t(1/2) = 0.41 second), and occasional intercellular propagation (propagation ratio = 0.23) (Ca(2+)-overloaded wave). In regions with much higher fluorescent intensity (124% versus the intact region), Ca(2+) waves occurred with a high incidence (133 waves x min(-1) x cell(-1)) and little intercellular propagation (agonal wave). We conclude that the spatiotemporal properties of Ca(2+) waves in the heart are diverse and modulated by the Ca(2+)-loading state. The sporadic waves would not affect cardiac function, but prevalent Ca(2+)-overloaded and agonal waves may induce contractile failure and arrhythmias.
Selecting locking primitives for parallel programming (1996)

The pattern language described here helps select synchronization primitives for parallel programs, avoiding primitives that interact with a given program's locking design.
High-performance a-ITZO TFTs with high bias stability enabled by self-aligned passivation using a-GaOx (2022)

Maintaining gate bias stability under negative bias stress (NBS) and positive bias stress (PBS) is a long-standing issue in amorphous oxide semiconductor thin-film transistors (TFTs). The passivation of the channel layer is crucial for improving device stability. We show that amorphous gallium oxide, which possesses appropriate energy levels (lower electron affinity and higher ionization potential) for indium–tin–zinc oxide (ITZO) TFTs, can be etched selectively by tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide-containing developers that enable self-alignment passivation, such as easy contact hole formation during the drain and source lithography processes. The self-aligned passivation process led to a-ITZO TFTs with high mobility (&amp;gt;50 cm2 V−1 s−1) and low subthreshold swing (&amp;lt;90 mV/dec). The threshold voltage shifts under NBS and PBS using a bias gate voltage of ±20 V for 1 h were −0.09 and 0.15 V, respectively. This passivation can obviate the need for the conventional CVD-derived passivation process by utilizing the DC sputtering of gallium oxide, which may reduce hydrogen issues.
Epitope mapping by a Wnt-blocking antibody: evidence of the Wnt binding domain in heparan sulfate (2020)

Heparan sulfate (HS) is a polysaccharide known to modulate many important biological processes, including Wnt signaling. However, the biochemical interaction between HS and Wnt molecules is not well characterized largely due to the lack of suitable methods. To determine the Wnt binding domain in HS, we used a Wnt signaling-inhibitory antibody (HS20) and a panel of synthetic HS oligosaccharides with distinct lengths and sulfation modifications. We found that the binding of HS20 to heparan sulfate required sulfation at both the C2 position (2-O-sulfation) and C6 position (6-O-sulfation). The oligosaccharides with the greatest competitive effect for HS20 binding were between six and eight saccharide residues in length. Additionally, a four residue-long oligosaccharide could also be recognized by HS20 if an additional 3-O-sulfation modification was present. Furthermore, similar oligosaccharides with 2-O, 6-O and 3-O-sulfations showed inhibition for Wnt activation. These results have revealed that HS20 and Wnt recognize a HS structure containing IdoA2S and GlcNS6S, and that the 3-O-sulfation in GlcNS6S3S significantly enhances the binding of both HS20 and Wnt. This study provides the evidence for identifying the Wnt binding domain in HS and suggests a therapeutic approach to target the interaction of Wnt and HS in cancer and other diseases.
Determining Locations by Use of Networks of Passive Beacons (2009)

Networks of passive radio beacons spanning moderate-sized terrain areas have been proposed to aid navigation of small robotic aircraft that would be used to explore Saturn s moon Titan. Such networks could also be used on Earth to aid navigation of robotic aircraft, land vehicles, or vessels engaged in exploration or reconnaissance in situations or locations (e.g., underwater locations) in which Global Positioning System (GPS) signals are unreliable or unavailable. Prior to use, it would be necessary to pre-position the beacons at known locations that would be determined by use of one or more precise independent global navigation system(s). Thereafter, while navigating over the area spanned by a given network of passive beacons, an exploratory robot would use the beacons to determine its position precisely relative to the known beacon positions (see figure). If it were necessary for the robot to explore multiple, separated terrain areas spanned by different networks of beacons, the robot could use a long-haul, relatively coarse global navigation system for the lower-precision position determination needed during transit between such areas. The proposed method of precise determination of position of an exploratory robot relative to the positions of passive radio beacons is based partly on the principles of radar and partly on the principles of radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags. The robot would transmit radar-like signals that would be modified and reflected by the passive beacons. The distance to each beacon would be determined from the roundtrip propagation time and/or round-trip phase shift of the signal returning from that beacon. Signals returned from different beacons could be distinguished by means of their RFID characteristics. Alternatively or in addition, the antenna of each beacon could be designed to radiate in a unique pattern that could be identified by the navigation system. Also, alternatively or in addition, sets of identical beacons could be deployed in unique configurations such that the navigation system could identify their unique combinations of radio-frequency reflections as an alternative to leveraging the uniqueness of the RFID tags. The degree of dimensional accuracy would depend not only on the locations of the beacons but also on the number of beacon signals received, the number of samples of each signal, the motion of the robot, and the time intervals between samples. At one extreme, a single sample of the return signal from a single beacon could be used to determine the distance from that beacon and hence to determine that the robot is located somewhere on a sphere, the radius of which equals that distance and the center of which lies at the beacon. In a less extreme example, the three-dimensional position of the robot could be determined with fair precision from a single sample of the signal from each of three beacons. In intermediate cases, position estimates could be refined and/or position ambiguities could be resolved by use of supplementary readings of an altimeter and other instruments aboard the robot.
Thermodynamic Studies of the Addition of N2, C2H4, and Alkynes to [Rh(PiPr3)2Cl]2 (1995)

[Rh((PPr3)-Pr-i)(2)Cl](2) reacts with various small molecules L' to give complexes Rh((PPr3)-Pr-i)(2)ClL'. The enthalpy of this reaction has been determined calorimetrically and/or by equilibrium methods for L' = N-2, C2H4, diphenylacetylene, and 2-butyne. These values, in combination with the previously determined lower limit for the [Rh((PPr3)-Pr-i)(2)Cl](2) bridge strength, afford lower limits of the Rh-L' BDE's; the lower limits are probably only slightly less than the actual BDE's.
Ultrasonic tomography for multiphase flow characterization (2017)

Characterizing multiphase flow dynamics and estimating phase composition are important in many applications including oil/gas production. Conceptually ultrasonic travel-time tomography is an appealing method. It estimates flow phase composition by mapping out the sound speed distribution over a cross section or volume traversed by a large number of travel paths. However, low sound speed contrast over multiphase mixtures imposes high accuracy requirement in travel time estimation which can be especially challenging in the presence of dispersion and multipath interference. On the other hand, high impedance contrast between phases, such as at gas/liquid interfaces, introduces significant losses and hence leads to reduced signal versus noise ratio. In this talk we first provide a characterization of the signal structure based on both numerical wave propagation modeling and lab test data, then we analyze the sensitivity and accuracy requirement for travel time estimation using several different approaches, and finally we evaluate the performance of flow imaging and phase estimation for several common compositional scenarios.
[P3–436]: NATURAL HISTORY OF THE DECLINE IN INSTRUMENTAL ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING PRIOR TO DEMENTIA IN PERSONS WITH MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT (2017)

Very few studies have investigated how the decline in instrumental activities of daily living (iADL) unfolds in the years preceding a diagnosis of dementia and none, to our knowledge, did so by comparing participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) who converted to dementia, with those who did not progress to dementia. The goal of this study was to assess the pattern of decline in iADL for MCI progressors and to compare this pattern with the one found in MCI non-progressors. Participants were compared as a function of whether they later converted to Alzheimer's disease (progressors; n = 47), or remained cognitively stable during the 5-year follow-up (stable; n = 58). An 8-item functional autonomy questionnaire assessing iADL was given to the participants. iADL change was assessed prior to conversion year as a starting point. Following a principal components analysis, iADL items were clustered in 2 domains: housekeeping-related activities and complex iADL. A combination of polynomial regression analysis and mixed ANOVAs assessed 1) the trajectory of iADL decline for each domain and 2) the differences between MCI progressors and non-progressors. Cognitive decline scores were entered in a stepwise regression analysis to determine the significant predictors of iADL the following year. A quadratic function, i.e., many years of stable performance followed by an accelerated decline just prior to diagnosis, was observed for complex iADL. No significant model was found for the stable MCI. For housekeeping-related iADL, the progressors exhibited a significant, linear decline. Cognitive changes, especially for working memory, were significant predictors of both iADL domains. This study challenges the idea that the performance on activities of daily living is intact and does not change in MCI, and underlines the importance of including iADL in the evaluation of MCI individuals, since a significant change in these activities, combined with the cognitive markers found using neuropsychological tests, may indicate a higher risk of dementia progression one or two years later.
Low-Temperature Solution-Processed Solar Cells Based on PbS Colloidal Quantum Dot/CdS Heterojunctions (2013)

PbS colloidal quantum dot heterojunction solar cells have shown significant improvements in performance, mostly based on devices that use high-temperature annealed transition metal oxides to create rectifying junctions with quantum dot thin films. Here, we demonstrate a solar cell based on the heterojunction formed between PbS colloidal quantum dot layers and CdS thin films that are deposited via a solution process at 80 °C. The resultant device, employing a 1,2-ethanedithiol ligand exchange scheme, exhibits an average power conversion efficiency of 3.5%. Through a combination of thickness-dependent current density-voltage characteristics, optical modeling, and capacitance measurements, the combined diffusion length and depletion width in the PbS quantum dot layer is found to be approximately 170 nm.
An Investigation of Bremsstrahlung Reflection in a Dense Plasma Focus (DPF) Propulsion Device (2006)

The dense plasma focus device is one of the few fusion systems that is capable of burning advanced fuels such as D − 3He and p − 11B. An study has been performed and shown that three main requirements must be satisfied to reach breakeven for DPF fusion: a high Ti/Te ration (∼ 20), an order of magnitude higher pinch lifetime, and the reflection and absorption if at least 50% Bremsstrahlung radiation. The latter issue is the focus of this report, and a literature search has been performed on laser‐driven fusion radiation cavities, multilayer reflectors, and their application to Bremsstrahlung radiation reflection is presented. Additionally, the results found are compared to those assumed in the earlier DPF study bring p‐11B.