gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improving sediment-quality guidelines for nickel: Development and application of predictive bioavailability models to assess chronic toxicity of nickel in freshwater sediments (2013)

Within the framework of European Union chemical legislations an extensive data set on the chronic toxicity of sediment nickel has been generated. In the initial phase of testing, tests were conducted with 8 taxa of benthic invertebrates in 2 nickel-spiked sediments, including 1 reasonable worst-case sediment with low concentrations of acid-volatile sulfide (AVS) and total organic carbon. The following species were tested: amphipods (Hyalella azteca, Gammarus pseudolimnaeus), mayflies (Hexagenia sp.), oligochaetes (Tubifex tubifex, Lumbriculus variegatus), mussels (Lampsilis siliquoidea), and midges (Chironomus dilutus, Chironomus riparius). In the second phase, tests were conducted with the most sensitive species in 6 additional spiked sediments, thus generating chronic toxicity data for a total of 8 nickel-spiked sediments. A species sensitivity distribution was elaborated based on 10% effective concentrations yielding a threshold value of 94 mg Ni/kg dry weight under reasonable worst-case conditions. Data from all sediments were used to model predictive bioavailability relationships between chronic toxicity thresholds (20% effective concentrations) and AVS and Fe, and these models were used to derive site-specific sediment-quality criteria. Normalization of toxicity values reduced the intersediment variability in toxicity values significantly for the amphipod species Hyalella azteca and G. pseudolimnaeus, but these relationships were less clearly defined for the mayfly Hexagenia sp. Application of the models to prevailing local conditions resulted in threshold values ranging from 126 mg to 281 mg Ni/kg dry weight, based on the AVS model, and 143 mg to 265 mg Ni/kg dry weight, based on the Fe model.
The Nature of Flooding and Drying in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells (2005)

Two different 50 cm2 fuel cells operated at high current density (1.3A/cm2–1.5A/cm2) were visualized using neutron imaging, and the liquid water content in the flow channels and diffusion media under the lands and channels was calculated and compared. At high current density with fully humidified inlet flow, a direct comparison between flooded and non-flooded conditions was achieved by increasing the fuel cell temperature over a small range, until voltage loss from flooding was alleviated. Results indicate that a surprisingly small mass of liquid water is responsible for a significant voltage loss. The deleterious effects of flooding are therefore more easily explained with a locally segregated flooded pore model, rather than a homogeneously flooded pore and blockage phenomenon. Anode dryout was similarly observed and quantified, and results indicate that an exceedingly small mass of water is responsible for significant voltage loss, which is consistent with expectations. The results presented help to form a more complete vision of the flooding loss and anode dryout phenomena in PEFCs.
The Ni1000: High Speed Parallel VLSI for Implementing Multilayer Perceptrons (1995)

In this paper we present a new version of the standard multilayer perceptron (MLP) algorithm for the state-of-the-art in neural network VLSI implementations: the Intel Ni1000. This new version of the MLP uses a fundamental property of high dimensional spaces which allows the l2-norm to be accurately approximated by the l1-norm. This approach enables the standard MLP to utilize the parallel architecture of the Ni1000 to achieve on the order of 40000, 256-dimensional classifications per second.
Ge epitaxial films on GaAs (100), (110), and (111) substrates for applications of CMOS heterostructural integrations (2013)

Epitaxial Ge films were grown on GaAs (100), (110), and (111) substrates by using ultra-high vacuum chemical vapor deposition and studied with various methods. The incubation times and growth rates were quite different for these three GaAs substrates because the surface arsenic coverage on GaAs and hydrogen desorption energy on Ge are different for each orientation. High-resolution x-ray diffraction measurements, direct band-gap emission of photoluminescence measurements, and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy showed that the Ge films had high crystal quality, low defect density, and sharp Ge/GaAs interfaces. In this study, atomic force microscopy analysis found that the Ge films grow on GaAs (100) and (111) via the Frank van der Merwe mode, while the Ge film grows on GaAs (110) via the Volmer-Weber mode at the initial growth stage, which can be explained by the thermodynamic theory of capillarity. Interestingly, when the thickness of the Ge film on the GaAs (110) substrate increases to ∼220 nm, the 3D Ge islands merge and form a smooth surface (rms roughness of 0.3 nm), which is useful for devices. The authors also fabricated Ge metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors (MOSCAPs) on GaAs (100) and (110) substrates. Both Ge/GaAs (100) and Ge/GaAs (110) MOSCAPs exhibit good capacitance–voltage responses with strong inversion behaviors, which means the grown material has reached device quality. The Ge/GaAs (110) structure especially offers optimal integration of Ge pMOSFETs on GaAs substrates because Ge (110) has a high hole mobility compared with Ge (100) and (111).
The Nose (2021)

The nose is arguably the most prominent feature of the face. It is made up of a fixed part and a mobile part. In certain cases, the nose may appear smaller or less protruding when balanced correctly with chin and lips enhancements. The correction of naso-frontal angle and dorsal hump are the most common requests for non-surgical nose enhancement. These issues are more prominent in certain ethnic groups: for example, many Chinese patients have a very low nasal bridge and hence would seek correction of the naso-frontal angle to achieve harmony between facial features. Bunny lines are wrinkles that form across the ridge of the nose and the lateral aspects of the nose. Nose tip enhancement is a popular request for both surgical and non-surgical rhinoplasties. The nose tip is a sensitive area with thicker skin firmly attached to the subcutaneous cartilaginous tissue.
Emergency Cardiac Anterolateral Thoracotomy Simulator (2010)

Trauma is the leading cause of death in persons younger than 44 years old in America; half of the deaths occur within the first hour following the incident. The likelihood of survival for such critical trauma patients is significantly increased if an Emergency Department Thoracotomy (EDT) is performed. EDT entails the surgeon performing large and rapid incisions into the pleural space of the thoracic cavity to resuscitate patients who have suffered penetrating chest trauma. This procedure is highly invasive and rare and is typically conducted outside the operating theater in the absence of a trained cardiothoracic surgeon. Since most emergency clinicians are not trained to perform EDT and are often hesitant to perform it, poor outcomes are common. The use of clinical simulators offers the potential to eliminate these concerns; however, current medical simulators are not dedicated to the training of EDT. The goal of this work was to design and build a mechanical simulator to mimic the functionality of the rib cage and the components within the thoracic cavity to serve as a learning and assessment tool for conducting EDT. This design paper presents the user requirements and engineering specifications for the simulator, explains the materials selection approach employed for the thoracic components, and describes the iterative approach for designing, fabricating, and validating the EDT simulator.
Direct mass spectrometric studies of the destruction of hazardous wastes. 2. Gas-phase photocatalytic oxidation of trichloroethylene over titanium oxide: products and mechanisms (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDirect mass spectrometric studies of the destruction of hazardous wastes. 2. Gas-phase photocatalytic oxidation of trichloroethylene over titanium oxide: products and mechanismsMark R. Nimlos, William A. Jacoby, Daniel M. Blake, and Thomas A. MilneCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1993, 27, 4, 732–740Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1993https://doi.org/10.1021/es00041a018Request reuse permissions Article Views447Altmetric-Citations183LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Immunoglobulin M Efficacy Against Cryptococcus neoformans : Mechanism, Dose Dependence, and Prozone-Like Effects in Passive Protection Experiments (2001)

The IgM mAbs 12A1 and 13F1 are protective and nonprotective, respectively, against lethal Cryptococcus neoformans infection in mice. To better understand the variables that contribute to IgM efficacy against C. neoformans, we studied the effects of inoculum size, route of infection, and Ab dose for each of these mAbs. mAb 13F1 did not prolong survival under any condition studied. mAb 12A1 prolonged survival after the administration of certain Ab doses after i.p. infection with defined inocula and promoted phagocytosis, agglutination, and the formation of inflammatory cell rings around yeast cells in vivo. Large Ab doses of mAb 12A1 resulted in either no protection or enhanced infection, consistent with a prozone-like effect. Investigation of this phenomenon revealed that the fungal cell was protected against microbicidal nitrogen-derived oxidants when large amounts of Ab were bound to the C. neoformans capsule. mAb 12A1 was opsonic in vitro for peritoneal, but not splenic or alveolar macrophages. In summary, our results indicate that IgM efficacy against C. neoformans is a function of the route of infection, inoculum, and Ab dose and is associated with its ability to promote opsonization, agglutination, and phagocytic ring formation in vivo. The occurrence of the prozone-like phenomenon implies that high Ab titers are not necessarily beneficial in assuring protection against certain pathogens and that caution should be exercised in using high Ab titer as a measure for vaccine efficacy.
Bioapplications of PAMAM Dendrimers (2001)

This chapter has sections titled: Introduction Dendrimer Synthesis and Characterization DNA Delivery In Vitro with Unmodified Dendrimers DNA Delivery In Vivo Conclusion References
SPC08-3: Practical Channel Interpolation for OFDMA (2006)

This paper addresses piecewise frequency domain interpolation for OFDMA channels when raw estimates are given on a sparse grid of pilot carriers in a fraction of the spectrum only. Starting from the optimal linear interpolation which needs a-priori information on the power delay profile and the SNR, we develop robust suboptimal schemes that do not require such information. One scheme is based on singular value decomposition and it allows the estimation of the SNR. In practice, however, it is difficult to obtain the required information on the power delay profile. To ensure robustness of the filter to mismatched channel parameters, a favorable assumption of the power delay profile is suggested for the filter design. It is further shown that a full-spectrum interpolation assembled from multiple piecewise interpolation results has a dramatically reduced complexity which makes it suitable for real-time implementation.
A dual passive cavitation detector for localized detection of lithotripsy-induced cavitation in vitro (2000)

A passive cavitation detector (PCD) identifies cavitation events by sensing acoustic emissions generated by the collapse of bubbles. In this work, a dual passive cavitation detector (dual PCD), consisting of a pair of orthogonal confocal receivers, is described for use in shock wave lithotripsy. Cavitation events are detected by both receivers and can be localized to within 5 mm by the nature of the small intersecting volume of the focal areas of the two receivers in association with a coincidence detection algorithm. A calibration technique, based on the impulse response of the transducer, was employed to estimate radiated pressures at collapse near the bubble. Results are presented for the in vitro cavitation fields of both a clinical and a research electrohydraulic lithotripter. The measured lifetime of the primary growth-and-collapse of the cavitation bubbles increased from 180 to 420 microseconds as the power setting was increased from 12 to 24 kV. The measured lifetime compared well with calculations based on the Gilmore-Akulichev formulation for bubble dynamics. The radiated acoustic pressure 10 mm from the collapsing cavitation bubble was measured to vary from 4 to 16 MPa with increasing power setting; although the trends agreed with calculations, the predicted values were four times larger than measured values. The axial length of the cavitation field correlated well with the 6-dB region of the acoustic field. However, the width of the cavitation field (10 mm) was significantly narrower than the acoustic field (25 mm) as bubbles appeared to be drawn to the acoustic axis during the collapse. The dual PCD also detected signals from "rebounds," secondary and tertiary growth-and-collapse cycles. The measured rebound time did not agree with calculations from the single-bubble model. The rebounds could be fitted to a Rayleigh collapse model by considering the entire bubble cloud as an effective single bubble. The results from the dual PCD agreed well with images from high-speed photography. The results indicate that single-bubble theory is sufficient to model lithotripsy cavitation dynamics up to time of the main collapse, but that upon collapse bubble cloud dynamics becomes important.
Initial experience with telemonitoring in left ventricular assist device patients (2019)

Real-time telemonitoring of LVAD pump flow, motor speed and power consumption is a promising tool in the follow-up of LVAD recipients. Trending pump flow over hours or days can assist in the early detection of complications, especially flow reductions due to hypovolemia and LVAD thrombosis. Further studies are warranted to delineate the impact of remote monitoring on patients' prognosis.
Spectrophotometry of hydroxocobalamin and hemoglobin reveals production of an unanticipated methemoglobin variant (2008)

The remainder spectrum appears to be a methemoglobin variant quantitatively dependant on the amount of hydroxocobalamin added to the hemoglobin solution and the presence of oxygen. The Pearson's correlation coefficient comparing the known swine methemoglobin spectrum with the remainder spectrum reveals a very high degree of correlation (r(2) = 0.986). CONCLUSION. This is the first study to document methemoglobin formation caused by hydroxocobalamin. Further studies are needed in vitro and in vivo to assess this previously unreported methemoglobin variant.
High yielding selective access to spirocyclopropanated 5-oxopiperazine-2-carboxylates and 1,4-diazepane-2,5-diones from methyl 2-chloro-2-cyclopropylideneacetate (2008)

The 2-spirocyclopropanated methyl 5-oxopiperazine-2-carboxylate and the 3-spirocyclopropanated 6-chloro-1,4-diazepane-2,5-dione could both be prepared at choice in 93 and 88% yield, respectively, from methyl 2-chloro-2-cyclopropylideneacetate () in a sequence of Michael addition of 3-benzyloxypropylamine, peptide coupling with N-Boc-glycine, Boc-group removal and cyclization. Transformation of the benzyloxypropyl side chain, peptide coupling with N-Boc-(S)-asparagine, deprotection and repeated cyclization led to the octahydro[2H]pyrazino[1,2-a]pyrazinetrione scaffold containing a rigidified mimic of a tripeptide with a DGR motif. The overall yield of after deprotection of (a total of 13 steps in 8 distinct operations) was 30%.
Prostanoid-induced relaxation of precontracted cat ciliary muscle is mediated by EP2 and DP receptors. (1992)

The pharmacology of prostanoid-induced relaxation of the precontracted cat ciliary smooth muscle was characterized using synthetic prostaglandin (PG) analogues that are selective for specific prostanoid receptors. Relaxation was studied using carbachol to precontract the isolated longitudinal ciliary muscle, followed by application of the PG agonist. Of the compounds studied, PGE2 was the most potent relaxant (concentration that produced 50% of maximum relaxation, 10(-7) mol/l), and its maximal effect in each preparation was used as a standard for comparison. Both PGD2 and PGF2 alpha produced relaxations that were approximately 30- and 100-fold weaker, respectively, than those produced by PGE2. Prostanoids with activity at the EP2 (19-(R)-hydroxy PGE2 and 11-deoxy PGE1) and DP (BW 245C) receptors potently relaxed the ciliary muscle. Other EP receptor subtypes and the TP receptor were not involved as indicated by the lack of relaxant activity of sulprostone (EP3 > EP1), MB 28767 (EP3 > TP), and U-46619 (TP). Although 17-phenyl trinor PGE2 (EP1 and EP3) and PGI2 (IP) had some activity, it occurred at a nonselective dose (10(-4) mol/l). The presence of DP receptors in the cat ciliary muscle was confirmed by using BW A868C, a selective DP-receptor antagonist. This drug (concentration, 1 mumol/l) displaced the relaxant effects of PGD2 but had no effect on the activities of PGE2 and 11-deoxy PGE1. In addition, 17-phenyl trinor PGF2 alpha (FP) was inactive, indicating that the FP receptor was not involved in ciliary muscle relaxation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Supplementary Figure 3 from Bcl9/Bcl9l Are Critical for Wnt-Mediated Regulation of Stem Cell Traits in Colon Epithelium and Adenocarcinomas (2023)

Supplementary Figure 3 from Bcl9/Bcl9l Are Critical for Wnt-Mediated Regulation of Stem Cell Traits in Colon Epithelium and Adenocarcinomas
Fundamentals of Distance Protection (2008)

In this paper we have reviewed some basic principles of distance protection. This includes fundamentals of measuring distance to fault based on electrical signals from one end of the circuit; the principles of amplitude and phase comparators to implement a distance relay; and various technologies used to build distance relays. A number of application aspects have been discussed including shaping of the impedance characteristic, the impact of fault resistance, different methods of polarizing distance functions, the need for phase selection, switchable vs. non-switchable schemes, distance function looking through power transformers or series compensated lines.
Platinum(II) complexes of nitroimidazoles: synthesis, characterisation, and X-ray crystal structures of cis-dichlorobis[1-(2′-hydroxyethyl)-2-hydroxymethyl-5-nitroimidazole]platinum(II) and trans-dichlorobis[1-(2′-hydroxy-3′-methoxypropyl)-2-nitroimidazole]platinum(II) (1985)

A range of complexes of the type [PtL2X2](where L is a substituted 5-nitroimidazole, and X2 is a dihalide or a dicarboxylate) has been prepared and characterised by a variety of methods, including 195Pt n.m.r. spectroscopy. These 5-nitroimidazole complexes had a cis stereochemistry as exemplified by the X-ray crystal-structure determination of cis-dichlorobis[1-(2′-hydroxyethyl)-2-hydroxymethyl-5-nitroimidazole]platinum(II)[orthorhombic crystals: a= 8.643(1), b= 24.052(3), c= 9.119(1)Å, Z= 4, space group Pcan]. In addition, a number of analogous complexes of 2- and 4-nitroimidazoles were prepared. The 2-nitroimidazoles appeared to form the thermodynamically favoured trans complexes, rather than the kinetically favoured cis products. This was verified for trans-dichlorobis[1-(2′-hydroxy-3′-methoxypropyl)-2-nitroimidazole]platinum(II)[monoclinic crystals: a= 8.134(1), b= 13.014(1), c= 11.323(2)Å, β= 91.469(9)°, Z= 2, space group P21/a]. This complex showed an unusual loss of planarity between the nitro-group and the imidazole ring, giving a dihedral angle of 45.6°. The geometry of the 4-nitroimidazole complexes was not determined. Co-ordination of the nitroimidazole ligand to PtII lowered the wavelength of the π–π* electronic absorption band, and reduced the polarographic reduction potential by ca. 0.15–0.2 V.
Early Detection and Accurate Description of Extent of Metastatic Bone Disease in Breast Cancer With Fluoride Ion and Positron Emission Tomography (1999)

F-18-PET demonstrates a very early bone reaction when small bone marrow metastases are present, allowing accurate detection of breast cancer bone metastases. This accurate detection has a significant effect on clinical management, compared with the effect on management brought about by detection with conventional BS.
Supplementary Tables 3, 7-8 from Targeting the MTF2–MDM2 Axis Sensitizes Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia to Chemotherapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Tables 3, 7-8&lt;/p&gt;
Scintillation Characteristic of In,Ga-Doped ZnO Thin Films with Different Dopant Concentrations (2011)

The present study describes the first detailed evaluation of the rise and the decay time of scintillation phenomenon in In 3+ - and Ga 3+ -doped ZnO thin films with different dopant concentrations. In 3+ -(25, 55, and 141 ppm) and Ga 3+ -(33, 67, 333, and 1374 ppm) doped ZnO films were grown by the Liquid Phase Epitaxy (LPE) method. The characterization was performed using the pulse X-ray equipped streak camera system. Both the rise and the decay times were shortened considerably with increasing content of In 3+ and Ga 3+ in the films. However, the scintillation light yield under 241 Am α-ray excitation reduced when concentration of In 3+ and Ga 3+ in the ZnO films was high.
Cross-layer adaptation for TCP-based applications in WCDMA systems (2005)

Abstract — In this paper, we consider TCP-based applications over a high bandwidth wireless channel, such as the High-Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) channel in a WCDMA system, in two setups: a nominal one that employs end-to-end TCP Reno and a new one that employs Cross-Layer Adaptation (CLA) in the form of Radio Network Feedback (RNF). For the CLA setup, the Radio Resource Management unit in the Radio Network Controller (RNC) provides a proxy with reports on the radio link bandwidth and the queue level. The proxy transport layer takes appropriate actions on these reports. By doing so, it utilizes the air-interface spectrum more efficiently and keeps the layer-2 queue in the RNC close a predetermined level. These new control mechanisms are evaluated through ns-2 simulations. In a number of realistic use cases it is shown that the new CLA setup reduces the time to serve users, and substantially increases the radio link utilization and decreases the required buffer size in the RNC. I.