gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultrascalable Techniques Applied to the Global Intelligence Community Information Awareness Common Operating Picture (IA COP) (2005)

Abstract : The focus of this research is to develop detection, correlation, and representation approaches to address the needs of the Intelligence Community Information Awareness Common Operating Picture (IA COP). The approaches build on existing enterprise information security tools where appropriate, and depart from these traditional methods where required. In particular, the requirement to scale to large networks and data repositories is the primary driver for technical innovation. We explored the following areas: * Representation of network observables to enable signature-free detection at various network scales. Mining these observables to detect emerging phenomena, departures from trends, and anomalies visible at multiple sites. * A departure from the current incident-centric approach to intrusion alert correlation toward an entity centric dossier methodology. * Incorporation of techniques from nonlinear dynamical systems to identify, for example, loci of unusual activity.
ChemInform Abstract: A Possible Role of Alkali Metal Ions in the Synthesis of Pure‐Silica Molecular Sieves. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Integrated analysis of environmental and genetic influences on cord blood DNA methylation in new-borns (2019)

&lt;p&gt;Epigenetic processes, including DNA methylation (DNAm), are among the mechanisms allowing integration of genetic and environmental factors to shape cellular function. While many studies have investigated either environmental or genetic contributions to DNAm, few have assessed their integrated effects. Here we examine the relative contributions of prenatal environmental factors and genotype on DNA methylation in neonatal blood at variably methylated regions (VMRs) in 4 independent cohorts (overall n = 2365). We use Akaike’s information criterion to test which factors best explain variability of methylation in the cohort-specific VMRs: several prenatal environmental factors (E), genotypes in cis (G), or their additive (G + E) or interaction (GxE) effects. Genetic and environmental factors in combination best explain DNAm at the majority of VMRs. The CpGs best explained by either G, G + E or GxE are functionally distinct. The enrichment of genetic variants from GxE models in GWAS for complex disorders supports their importance for disease risk.&lt;/p&gt;
Energy Response and Longitudinal Shower Profiles Measured in CMS HCAL and Comparison With Geant4 (2007)

The response of the CMS combined electromagnetic and hadron calorimeter to beams of pions with momenta in the range 5-300 GeV/c has been measured in the H2 test beam at CERN. The raw response with the electromagnetic compartment calibrated to electrons and the hadron compartment calibrated to 300 GeV pions may be represented by sigma = (1.2) sqrt{E} oplus (0.095) E. The fraction of energy visible in the calorimeter ranges from 0.72 at 5 GeV to 0.95 at 300 GeV, indicating a substantial nonlinearity. The intrinsic electron to hadron ratios are fit as a function of energy and found to be in the range 1.3-2.7 for the electromagnetic compartment and 1.4-1.8 for the hadronic compartment. The fits are used to correct the non-linearity of the e pi response to 5% over the entire measured range resulting in a substantially improved resolution at low energy. Longitudinal shower profile have been measured in detail and compared to Geant4 models, LHEP-3.7 and QGSP-2.8. At energies below 30 GeV, the data, LHEP and QGSP are in agreement. Above 30 GeV, LHEP gives a more accurate simulation of the longitudinal shower profile.
Dynamic Recording of 200 Gbytes in Three-Dimensional Optical Disk by a 405 nm Wavelength Picosecond Laser (2011)

We present experimental results of our volumetric optical data storage system. To achieve volumetric recording over a wide depth range of 250 µm in a recording medium, we developed a relay lens system for compensating for the spherical aberration of a high-numerical-aperture (0.85) objective lens. The disk employs a single monolithic recording layer and a reference layer for servo control. A 405-nm-wavelength titanium:sapphire laser that exhibits 2 ps pulse duration and a more than 2 kW peak power is used for recording. We adopted void formation and mark position as recording principles. We have experimentally demonstrated 34-layer dynamic recording, corresponding to a capacity of 200 Gbytes.
First diastereoselective [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of diethyl isocyanomethylphosphonate and maleimides (2013)

Bicyclic α-iminophosphonates were prepared via the first diastereoselective silver catalyzed [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of diethyl isocyanomethylphosphonate and diversely N-substituted maleimides. The reduction of the resulting imine by catalytic hydrogenation led to cyclic α-aminophosphonates, which are α-aminoester surrogates. The relative stereochemistry of the adducts was confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis of . The diastereoselectivity of the cycloaddition reaction was rationalised by theoretical studies.
Cost-minimized double die DRAM packaging for ultra-high performance DDR3 and DDR4 multi-rank server DIMMs (2012)

A cost-minimized generation-spanning double die DRAM packaging (DDP) technology suitable for making ultra-high performance high-capacity server DIMMs for both the DDR3 and DDR4 DRAM generations was developed. Using existing wirebond-based manufacturing infrastructure it is immediately deployable with no new assembly equipment required. Significant results were obtained relating to performance enhancement and cost reduction versus existing packaging and DIMM designs. Both die are mounted face down in the package with each showing identical performance. Bin split yields are enhanced significantly. The package bailout features placement of the command and address terminals in the center of the package permitting single-layer routing of the timing-critical address and command bus at the DIMM level. Data and Data Strobe signals have shorter routing stubs on the DIMM. The improved PCB layout resulting from the new bailout resulted in a quadrank RDIMM capable of operating at over 1600MT/s in a two DIMM per channel configuration: 50% faster than standard DIMMs. The face-down laterally displaced die arrangement with a sub-1mm package thickness reduces the thermal impedance by 25% versus conventional DDPs. Total assembly cost is the lowest of any DDP and on a per-die basis is lower than Single Die Packaging.
Impact of cerebrospinal fluid matrix on the detection of Alzheimer's disease with Aβ42 and influence of disease on the total‐Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio (2015)

The 42-amino acid fragment of amyloid β (Aβ1-42) in cerebrospinal fluid has continued to be important for detecting cerebral β-amyloidosis in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, there are impediments to our ability to fully understand this measurement, including matrix interference and changes linked to apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 genotype. This study investigated matrix interference as a contributing factor for detecting AD in APOE ε4-negative patients by comparing total extractable Aβ1-42 to free Aβ1-42. It also examined the ratio of total Aβ1-42 to Aβ1-40, since changes relative to other Aβ peptides may provide a measurement of cerebral β-amyloidosis that is neutral to changes in APP metabolism. Total Aβ1-42 lost the diagnostic power for detecting AD, confirming a role for matrix in the diagnostic. However, when total Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 was examined, the separation between groups was reestablished. This result was confirmed in a second sample set of unknown APOE status. These results confirmed that matrix interference in some cerebrospinal fluid samples appears to contribute to identifying AD patients and this can be compensated by using a total extracted Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 ratio when matrix interference is small. It may be preferable to employ a total Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 measurement, since this could minimize variability because of matrix and compensate for across patient differences. Aβ1-42 measurement in CSF has provided an important tool for early detection of AD. However, it appears that most assays measure a free fraction of Aβ1-42. This study examined total extracted Aβ1-42, since this would provide a more accurate assessment of Aβ1-42 in AD CSF. Total Aβ1-42 measurements alone were not good for detecting AD but total Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 performed well.
A narrative review of the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) (2021)

: Over the years gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) has become a common disease worldwide affecting most countries and their populations. The history of the digestive system dates back to the 1400's and reports on how the stomach had an acidic environment. The acidity and contents of the stomach refluxing up into the esophagus was later found in some cases to cause detrimental effects to one's health. The earliest reports of reflux disease began in 1935 and was described as peptic esophagus. Many GERD patients complain of reflux, which is a back flow of gastric contents from the stomach into the esophagus, throat, lungs and airways. It is knowledge in the present day that GERD has a variety of symptoms such as regurgitation, coughing and heartburn greatly impacting on an individual's quality of life (QOL). An increased awareness of the pathology of GERD has allowed for a number of treatments and medicines to be developed, clinically evaluated and used worldwide. To gain an insight into how prevalent GERD is globally, this review will aim to report on its prevalence in different countries and regions of the world and report on the relevant causes associated with GERD. The influence of age, obesity, pregnancy, stress, smoking and alcohol on GERD will be reviewed along with the role of diet and how certain foods and drinks can trigger reflux events. Future research of the prevalence of GERD will help to educate people on lifestyle choices to manage GERD symptoms which in turn will improve quality of life and prevent GERD and GERD related diseases.
Linear Regression Using R: An Introduction to Data Modeling (2016)

Linear Regression Using R: An Introduction to Data Modeling, 2nd Edition presents one of the fundamental data modeling techniques in an informal tutorial style. Learn how to predict system outputs from measured data using a detailed step-by-step process to develop, train, and test reliable regression models. Key modeling and programming concepts are intuitively described using the R programming language. All of the necessary resources are freely available online.
Photoluminescence of a New Material: Cyclometalated C∧C* Thiazole-2-ylidene Platinum(II) Complexes (2016)

A new class of platinum(II) compounds, the 4,5-dimethyl-3-aryl-thiazole-2-ylidene platinum(II) acetylacetonato complexes, are described. Their efficient phosphorescent emission at room temperature makes them suitable for potential applications in organic light-emitting diodes. A new synthetic pathway that allows the preparation of a broad range of different N-arylthiazole-2-thiones and their subsequent conversion into the corresponding N-arylthiazolium perchlorate and hexafluorophosphate salts has been developed. Not only electron-rich (4-OMe, 4-Me, 3-Me) N-arylthiazoles but also electron-deficient ligands with a cyano or an ester group could be synthesized. From commercially available anilines N-arylthiazolium perchlorate and hexafluorophosphate salts were synthesized via ring-closure of in situ generated N-aryldithiocarbamate salts followed by a sulfur-oxidation/-substitution protocol to the air-stable carbene precursors. All reactions were performed in multigram scale in good yields. The synthesis of the corresponding platinum(II) complexes involves generating the corresponding N-arylthiazole-silver(I)-carbene complexes, transmetalation to platinum, cyclometalation, and reaction with acetylacetonate (acac). Solid-state structures of two N-arylthiazole-2-thiones, one N-arylthiazolium salt, and three N-arylthiazole-2-ylidene-platinum(II) complexes complement the analytic characterization including 195Pt NMR. The unsubstituted complex 4,5-dimethyl-3-phenylthiazole-2-ylidene-platinum(II)-acac was additionally characterized by 2D-NMR techniques (COSY, HSQC, HMBC, NOESY). Photoluminescence measurements were performed in amorphous poly(methyl methacrylate) films and revealed bluish-green emission maxima (∼500 nm) independent of the electronic structure of the thiazoles, whereas the variation of the substitution pattern at the cyclometalating aryl system led to excellent quantum efficiencies and decay lifetimes of 8.1–21.4 μs.
Spectrum of Er3+ in Single Crystals of Y2O3 (1964)

The spectrum of Er3+ in single crystals of Y2O3 has been examined from 0.225 to 2.4 μ in absorption and fluorescence, and energy levels have been assigned. The Slater integrals and spin—orbit coupling parameter have been determined, which give the best over-all agreement between the centers of gravity of the observed groups of levels and the 4f11 SLJ energy levels of the ``free'' Er3+ ion; they are F2=429.583 cm—1, F4=65.012 cm—1, F6=7.136 cm—1, ζ=—2383.17 cm—1. Of the two inequivalent cation sites, C2 and C3i, one can with consistency demonstrate that the site without inversion symmetry (C2) gives rise to the entire observed spectrum.
CellTranspose: Few-shot Domain Adaptation for Cellular Instance Segmentation (2023)

Automated cellular instance segmentation is a process utilized for accelerating biological research for the past two decades, and recent advancements have produced higher quality results with less effort from the biologist. Most current endeavors focus on completely cutting the researcher out of the picture by generating highly generalized models. However, these models invariably fail when faced with novel data, distributed differently than the ones used for training. Rather than approaching the problem with methods that presume the availability of large amounts of target data and computing power for retraining, in this work we address the even greater challenge of designing an approach that requires minimal amounts of new annotated data as well as training time. We do so by designing specialized contrastive losses that leverage the few annotated samples very efficiently. A large set of results show that 3 to 5 annotations lead to models with accuracy that: 1) significantly mitigate the covariate shift effects; 2) matches or surpasses other adaptation methods; 3) even approaches methods that have been fully retrained on the target distribution. The adaptation training is only a few minutes, paving a path towards a balance between model performance, computing requirements and expert-level annotation needs.
Mechanochemical Synthesized CaO/ZnCo2O4 Nanocomposites for Biodiesel Production (2023)

Biodiesel has been recognized as an environmentally friendly, renewable alternative to fossil fuels. In this work, CaO/ZnCo2O4 nanocomposites were successfully synthesized via simple mechanochemical reaction between ZnCo2O4 and CaO powders by varying the CaO loading from 5 to 20 wt.%. The synthesized materials were found to be highly efficient heterogeneous catalysts for transesterification of tributyrin with methanol to produce biodiesel. The nanocomposite, which contained 20 wt.% CaO and 80 wt.% ZnCo2O4 (CaO/ZnCo2O4-20), exhibited superior and stable transesterification activity (98% conversion) under optimized reaction conditions (1:12 TBT to methanol molar ratio, 5 wt.% catalyst and 180 min. reaction time). The experimental results revealed that the reaction mechanism on the CaO/ZnCo2O4 composite followed pseudo first-order kinetics. The physicochemical characteristics of the synthesized nanocomposites were measured using X-ray diffraction (XRD), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), N2-physisorption, and CO2- temperature-programmed desorption (CO2-TPD) techniques. The results indicated the existence of coalescence between the CaO and ZnCo2O4 particles, Additionally, the CaO/ZnCo2O4-20 catalyst was found to possess the greater number of highly basic sites and high porosity, which are the key factors affecting catalytic performance in transesterification reactions.
Rhodium(I)‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation (2019)

The rhodium-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of prochiral unsaturated compounds is one of the most straightforward methods for the synthesis of optically active compounds. During the past 14 years, extensive investigations have been devoted into this area, and many chiral phosphorus ligands have been developed with the significant expansion of the substrate scope together with enhanced catalytic activities and enantioselectivities. This review describes the advancement of Rh-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation, covering the literatures published from 2004 to 2017.
Thermal Management and Characterization of High-Power Wide-Bandgap Semiconductor Electronic and Photonic Devices in Automotive Applications (2018)

GaN-based high-power wide-bandgap semiconductor electronics and photonics have been considered as promising candidates to replace conventional devices for automotive applications due to high energy conversion efficiency, ruggedness, and superior transient performance. However, performance and reliability are detrimentally impacted by significant heat generation in the device active area. Therefore, thermal management plays a critical role in the development of GaN-based high-power electronic and photonic devices. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the thermal management strategies for GaN-based lateral power/RF transistors and light-emitting diodes (LEDs) reported by researchers in both industry and academia. The review is divided into three parts: (1) a survey of thermal metrology techniques, including infrared thermography, Raman thermometry, and thermoreflectance thermal imaging, that have been applied to study GaN electronics and photonics; (2) practical thermal management solutions for GaN power electronics; and (3) packaging techniques and cooling systems for GaN LEDs used in automotive lighting applications.
Inhibition of solubilized chitin synthase by chlorinated aromatic compounds isolated from mushroom cultures. (1990)

3, 5-Dichloro-4-methoxybenzyl alcohol, a novel natural metabolite, was isolated from submerged cultures of a Stropharia species due to its inhibitory activity towards chitin synthase. In the same screening, drosophilin A and other chlorinated aromatic compounds were detected. Comparison of the activity of the natural metabolites with that of synthetic analogues showed the necessity of the chlorine substituents for the enzyme inhibition. Hexachlorophene strongly inhibited solubilized chitin synthase with an apparent Ki of 8.5μM. The inhibition could be reversed by the addition of lecithin.
Navigation Using Hybrid Genetic Programming: Initial Conditions and State Transitions (2003)

4 Laryngoscope, 134:5164-5169, 2024.
Active Flying-height Control of Magnetic Head Slider using MEMS Thermal Actuator (2006)

Today's head/disk interface design has a wide flying height distribution due to manufacturing tolerances, environmental variations, and write-induced thermal protrusion. To reduce the magnetic spacing loss due to these effects, we have developed an active head slider with nano-thermal actuator. The magnetic spacing of these sliders can be controlled in-situ during operation of the drive. After simulating the heat transfer in the slider and resulting thermal deformation of the air-bearing surface, we fabricated a thermal actuator by thin film processing. The evaluation by a read/write tester showed a linear reduction in magnetic height as electric power was applied to the actuator. The actuator's stroke was 2.5 nm per 50 mW with time constant of 1 msec. We found no significant impact to the reliability of the read element.
Groundhog Day: Iterative learning for building temperature control (2014)

As the cost of energy continues to grow, there is an increasing need for more effective building control, particularly regarding heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. Existing HVAC control systems are primarily based on measured temperature feedback, and typically do not utilize temperature forecasts and historical data. As a result, building room temperatures tend to fluctuate with the outside temperature, compromising occupant comfort and energy efficiency (as users overcompensate in setting the desired temperature). This paper proposes a feedforward scheme for building temperature control based on iterative learning control (ILC) to extract information from historical data with similar temperature patterns and preemptively account for expected future error. We apply the ILC strategy to building temperature control by considering a 24-hour period as one iteration. The weather forecast is used to find the historical record best matched with the predicted outside temperature and initial condition (room temperature). The recorded heat input and room temperature data is then used to generate a feedforward update of the heat input based on an ILC update. This method allows anticipatory feedforward control (on top of the feedback control) to prepare the room condition for the upcoming weather conditions, instead of only reacting to the current condition. We use a 4-room simulation to illustrate our approach. The result shows that the iterative learning controller produces substantially less error and oscillation as compared to the feedback control alone. However, the scheme consumes more energy as the temperature is more tightly regulated around the desired setting. This issue is addressed by relaxing the temperature learning criterion to reduce the control effort.
Immunity (2020)

Immunity is another important biopolitical metaphor that helped to shape storytelling about swine flu in everyday life. Immunity has a double meaning in that it is a biomedical concept linked with bodies and vaccines, but it is also a legal concept concerning self and the suspension of responsibilities to collective life in particular circumstances. Chapter 5 explores how talk of personal immunity was seen as a means of surviving what was seen to be an unavoidable infection and also an individual possession open to acquisition and cultivation. This “choice immunity,” as we call it, appeared to trouble efforts by public health systems in the United Kingdom and Australia to promote vaccination, particularly in the collective sense of “herd immunity.”
Leaky coaxial cable MIMO performance in an indoor office environment (2012)

This study has been performed in order to improve the understanding of the performance of leaky feeders used in MIMO radio access deployments. In order to achieve this, a measurement campaign has been conducted in an indoor office environment at 2.4 GHz. Several configurations of leaky feeders as well as dipole antennas (as a reference case) have been investigated. The corresponding MIMO channel performance has been evaluated. The main findings are that leaky feeders provide as good performance as well separated dipole antennas. The measured performance is very close the performance of the favorable i.i.d. (full MIMO richness) channel. Even taping two leaky feeders together does not degrade the performance significantly. The advantage with the leaky feeders is that they provide much more uniform signal strength over the coverage area.