gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibin-Mediated Feedback Control of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Secretion in the Female Rat (1986)

The secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) by the anterior pituitary gland is regulated by the interaction of hypothalamic and gonadal hormones. Recently, proteins termed inhibins that selectively suppress FSH secretion have been purified and characterized from the gonadal fluids of several species. Antibodies to a synthetic peptide encompassing the amino terminal 25 residues of the recently characterized porcine inhibin were used to develop a specific radioimmunoassay (RIA) for inhibin and to neutralize endogenous inhibin during the estrous cycle of the rat. The administration of 20 international units of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) stimulated the secretion of inhibin in intact immature female rats, whereas ovariectomy caused an abrupt decrease in plasma inhibin concentrations that were not prevented by the injection of PMSG. The infusion of a polyclonal antiserum to inhibin, from 12 noon on proestrus to 1 a.m. on the morning of estrus, as well as its acute intravenous injection during diestrus I or II, caused an increase in plasma FSH (but not luteinizing hormone) concentrations. These results support the hypothesis of a feedback loop between the release of ovarian inhibin and FSH in the female rat.
Large strain particulate magnetostrictive composites (2001)

In this presentation we will describe recent progress on manufacturing particulate magnetostrictive composites that produce large strains (&amp;gt;1600 microstrain). The composites are manufactured by combining Terfenol-D particulate with a polymer resin in the presence of a magnetic field. The field aligns the particulates into continuous chains similar to continuous fiber composites. Magnetostrictive particulate composite research has been conducted by a variety of research institutions during the last decade. Most studies report values for saturation strain on the order of 800 microstrain, however, UCLA found that by combining selected particles the saturation strain increases to 1200 microstrain. While this represents an improvement, these strain levels (1200) were still below those reported for the monolithic material (i.e., 1800 microstrain). During the last year UCLA discovered a manufacturing technique that increases the saturation strains to values comparable with the monolithic material (1700 microstrain). A representative figure comparing the response of the monolithic material to a 20% volume fraction particulate composite is provided in the figure in this paper. Note that the strain outputs from the composite are similar to those from the monolithic material. Both these large strains and the large bandwidths provided by the particulate composites suggest opportunities exist for use in high power sonar devices.
Microsatellite analysis in organelle genomes of Chlorophyta (2012)

Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs) or microsatellites constitute a significant portion of genomes however; their significance in organellar genomes has not been completely understood. The availability of organelle genome sequences allows us to understand the organization of SSRs in their genic and intergenic regions. In the present work, SSRs were identified and categorized in 14 mitochondrial and 22 chloroplast genomes of algal species belonging to Chlorophyta. Based on the study, it was observed that number of SSRs in non-coding region were more as compared to coding region and frequency of mononucleotides repeats were highest followed by dinucleotides in both mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes. It was also observed that maximum number of SSRs was found in genes encoding for beta subunit of RNA polymerase in chloroplast genomes and NADH dehydrogenase in mitochondrial genomes. This is the first and original report on whole genomes sequence analysis of organellar genomes of green algae.
Conditional Generative Neural System for Probabilistic Trajectory Prediction (2019)

Effective understanding of the environment and accurate trajectory prediction of surrounding dynamic obstacles are critical for intelligent systems such as autonomous vehicles and wheeled mobile robotics navigating in complex scenarios to achieve safe and high-quality decision making, motion planning and control. Due to the uncertain nature of the future, it is desired to make inference from a probability perspective instead of deterministic prediction. In this paper, we propose a conditional generative neural system (CGNS) for probabilistic trajectory prediction to approximate the data distribution, with which realistic, feasible and diverse future trajectory hypotheses can be sampled. The system combines the strengths of conditional latent space learning and variational divergence minimization, and leverages both static context and interaction information with soft attention mechanisms. We also propose a regularization method for incorporating soft constraints into deep neural networks with differentiable barrier functions, which can regulate and push the generated samples into the feasible regions. The proposed system is evaluated on several public benchmark datasets for pedestrian trajectory prediction and a roundabout naturalistic driving dataset collected by ourselves. The experimental results demonstrate that our model achieves better performance than various baseline approaches in terms of prediction accuracy.
Rheological investigation of the sol–gel transition: effect of hydrolysis variation in silicon oxide and titanium oxide based matrices (2001)

The gelation of silicon oxide and titanium oxide based materials obtained from the sol–gel process at room temperature was studied through rheological measurements. The determination of the gelation time tg was investigated by the variation of the storage and loss shear moduli as a function of time at several frequencies using Winter’s criterion. The effect of hydrolysis ratio on gelation was studied for both materials. It was found that the decrease of the gelation time as a function of hydrolysis molar ratio is well described by a power law with different exponent values for the two systems. Moreover a fractal dimension at the gelation time can be deduced from the rheological measurements due to the structural self-similarity of the sol–gel matrices. This fractal dimension df seems to be independent of the hydrolysis molar ratio for each system. The higher value of df for silicon oxide based gels shows that they possess a more dense structure than titanium oxide based gels.
Modeling of Drain Current Mismatch in Organic Thin-Film Transistors (2015)

In this paper, we present a consistent model to analyze the drain current mismatch of organic thin-film transistors. The model takes charge fluctuations and edge effects into account, to predict the fluctuations of drain currents. A Poisson distribution for the number of charge carriers is assumed to represent the random distribution of charge carriers in the channel. The edge effects due to geometric variations in fabrication processes are interpreted in terms of the fluctuations of channel length and width. The simulation results are corroborated by experimental results taken from over 80 organic transistors on a flexible plastic substrate.
New approach to high-density recording on a magneto-optical disk (1991)

We have studied the influence of the pit shape upon the amplitude characteristics of the optical channel in an MO disk system, and studied three channel codings to determine their suitability for high-density recording. It is confirmed that magnetic field modulation with pulsed laser irradiation has the highest amplitude characteristics and NRZI format is most adequate for the method at the density of 0.6 micrometers /bit to 1.0 micrometers /bit.
Performance Evaluation for Energy-Harvesting Machine-Type Communication in LTE-A System (2014)

To explore the energy efficient Machine-Type Communication (MTC) for 5G cellular systems, we developed a simulation platform to investigate the complete uplink procedures of energy-harvesting MTC devices in LTE-A (Long Term Evolution Advanced) system. Though the 3rd Generation Partnership (3GPP) has worked on LTE-A cellular standards in support of MTC transmission, the standards have not taken energy-harvesting MTC devices into their scope. Energy-harvesting technology can be the candidate to support the MTC features by allowing the devices to harvest ambient energy and support their own power usage without manual upgrade. The proposed Energy-Aware LTE-A scheme, serving as power control and admission control, prevents the devices from building the network connections greedily but ending up with energy shortage and packet loss. This scheme not only can reduce the contention level of control channels but also can decrease energy wastage on network entry procedures, thereby improving the overall energy efficiency.
Drag reduction by a rotationally oscillating cylinder with a flexible filament (2022)

The hydrodynamic mechanism of drag reduction by a rotationally oscillating cylinder with a flexible filament was explored using the penalty immersed boundary method. A simulation of a stationary cylinder without a filament was also performed for comparison. The effects of the filament length, bending rigidity, oscillatory frequency, and oscillatory amplitude on drag reduction were systematically examined. The underlying mechanism of drag reduction was characterized in terms of the shape deformation of the filament, wake pattern, pressure distribution, and flapping dynamics. Two dominant flapping modes were observed: an oscillation mode with less than half a wave on the filament and an undulation mode with more than one wave on the filament. In the oscillation mode, drag reduction is mainly achieved by the thrust generated by the filament, accompanied by an increase in lift fluctuations. The pressure difference caused by the flapping motion between the upper and lower sides of the filament is the main cause of the thrust. In the undulation mode, drag reduction is realized by both the thrust generated by the filament and the decreased form drag of the cylinder. A filament flapping in the oscillation mode can generate greater thrust than a filament flapping in the undulation mode. A long undulatory filament with relatively low oscillatory amplitude effectively stabilizes the wake, resulting in a decrease in the lift fluctuations.
The allosteric vestibule of a seven transmembrane helical receptor controls G-protein coupling (2012)

Seven transmembrane helical receptors (7TMRs) modulate cell function via different types of G proteins, often in a ligand-specific manner. Class A 7TMRs harbour allosteric vestibules in the entrance of their ligand-binding cavities, which are in the focus of current drug discovery. However, their biological function remains enigmatic. Here we present a new strategy for probing and manipulating conformational transitions in the allosteric vestibule of label-free 7TMRs using the M(2) acetylcholine receptor as a paradigm. We designed dualsteric agonists as 'tailor-made' chemical probes to trigger graded receptor activation from the acetylcholine-binding site while simultaneously restricting spatial flexibility of the receptor's allosteric vestibule. Our findings reveal for the first time that a 7TMR's allosteric vestibule controls the extent of receptor movement to govern a hierarchical order of G-protein coupling. This is a new concept assigning a biological role to the allosteric vestibule for controlling fidelity of 7TMR signalling.
Optimization of Thick Negative Photoresist for Fabrication of Interdigitated Capacitor Structures (2015)

Investigations were conducted in the optimization of a lift-off photolithography technique using thick negative photoresist (PR) NR9-8000 to achieve and optimize micron-scale interdigitated capacitor (IDC) structures by lift-off process for use in high-frequency electrical characterization measurements. Target feature resolution was in the range of 3-20 m, with PR thickness in the range of 6-20 m. Systematic deviations were made from manufacturer-recommended PR processing conditions to investigate a processing-structure relationship for optimizing of IDC fabrication including PR response to manipulation of substrate material, spin-speed, postexposure bake, exposure dose, and development process conditions. Postexposure bake temperature was found to be the most sensitive and critical parameter for the optimization of PR structures.
An integrated photonics engine for unsupervised correlation detection (2022)

With more and more aspects of modern life and scientific tools becoming digitized, the amount of data being generated is growing exponentially. Fast and efficient statistical processing, such as identifying correlations in big datasets, is therefore becoming increasingly important, and this, on account of the various compute bottlenecks in modern digital machines, has necessitated new computational paradigms. Here, we demonstrate one such novel paradigm, via the development of an integrated phase-change photonics engine. The computational memory engine exploits the accumulative property of Ge<sub>2</sub>Sb<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>5</sub> phase-change cells and wavelength division multiplexing property of optics in delivering fully parallelized and colocated temporal correlation detection computations. We investigate this property and present an experimental demonstration of identifying real-time correlations in data streams on the social media platform Twitter and high-traffic computing nodes in data centers. Our results demonstrate the use case of high-speed integrated photonics in accelerating statistical analysis methods.
Facial feature localization usingweighted vector concentration approach (2008)

In this paper, we propose an efficient and generic facial feature localization method based on a weighted vector concentration approach. Our method does not require any specific priors on facial shape but implicitly learns its structural information from a training data. Unlike previous work, facial feature points are globally estimated by the concentration of directional vectors from sampling points on a face region, and those vectors are weighted by using local likelihood patterns which discriminate the appropriate position of the feature points. The directional vectors and local likelihood patterns are provided through nearest neighbor search between local patterns around the sampling points and a trained codebook of extended templates. The combination of the global vector concentration and the verification with the local likelihood patterns achieves robust facial feature point detection. We demonstrate that our method outperforms state-of-the-art method based on the Active Shape Models in our evaluation.
Content validity of symptom-based measures for diabetic, chemotherapy, and HIV peripheral neuropathy (2016)

Given significant overlap in symptoms between neuropathy etiologies, a measure with content validity for multiple neuropathies with supplemental disease-specific modules could be of great value in the development of disease-modifying treatments for peripheral neuropathies. Muscle Nerve 55: 366-372, 2017.
TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF (±)-AKLAVINONE VIA BIOMIMETIC ROUTE. APPLICATION OF AN EFFICIENT “ZIPPER” REACTION—STEREOCONTROLLED ONE-STEP BICYCLO-CYCLIZATION (1983)

Abstract (±)-Aklavinone (1) was synthesized from tricarbonylnaphthalene derivative 6 by application of an efficient “zipper” reaction in a good yield. Using Kryptofix 222 (4,7,13,16,21,24-hexaoxa-1,10-diazabicyclo [8.8.8]hexacosane) in the key process of the reaction we attained a stereocontrolled one-step bicyclo-cyclization.
Vibrational properties of amorphous silicon alloys (1981)

A theoretical model of the vibrational states of recently reported amorphous silicon-fluorine alloys is presented. The infrared absorption, polarized Raman scattering, and phonon state density spectra are calculated for different local silicon-fluorine bonding arrangements. Changes in the infrared and Raman spectra associated with the incorporation of oxygen and hydrogen in the amorphous alloy is also discussed. Our results suggest that unlike the situation in amorphous silicon-hydrogen alloys, the presence of Si-F bonds in the fluorinated materials significantly disturb the bulk Si vibrational bands. It is found that the signatures of isolated Si${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$ and Si${\mathrm{F}}_{3}$ complexes are stretching modes in the region of 800 to 1000 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ accompanied by one (Si${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$) or two (Si${\mathrm{F}}_{3}$) sharp resonances in the region of 400 to 500 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, while the SiF unit is distinguished by a single stretching mode near 800 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. Finally, our results also indicate that Si-H bonds in close proximity with Si-F bonds alter the fluorine vibrational modes. Si-O bonds, on the other hand, do not affect the Si-F stretching mode near 800 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$.
Semi-automatic bird song analysis by spatial-cue-based integration of sound source detection, localization, separation, and identification (2016)

This paper addresses bird song analysis based on semi-automatic annotation. Research in animal behavior, especially with birds, would be aided by automated (or semiautomated) systems that can localize sounds, measure their timing, and identify their source. This is difficult to achieve in real environments where several birds may be singing from different locations and at the same time. Analysis of recordings from the wild has in the past typically required manual annotation. Such annotation is not always accurate or even consistent, as it may vary both within or between observers. Here we propose a system that uses automated methods from robot audition, including sound source detection, localization, separation and identification. In robot audition these technologies have typically been studied separately; combining them often leads to poor performance in real-time application from the wild. We suggest that integration is aided by placing a primary focus on spatial cues, then combining other features within a Bayesian framework. A second problem has been that supervised machine learning methods typically requires a pre-trained model that may require a large training set of annotated labels. We have employed a semi-automatic annotation approach that requires much less pre-annotation. Preliminary experiments with recordings of bird songs from the wild revealed that for identification accuracy our system outperformed a method based on conventional robot audition.
Longitudinal characteristics of the Severe Asthma Research Program (SARP) clinical clusters (2020)

<b>Background:</b> Five clinical clusters (early-onset increasing severity clusters 1, 2, and 4, late-onset severe cluster 3, and late-onset severe obstructed cluster 5) have been identified in the SARP cross-sectional cohort (n=726; Moore 2010). This approach demonstrated asthma heterogeneity and showed differential responses to biologic therapy (Bleecker 2019 ERS). <b>Objective:</b> Investigate longitudinal phenotypes of clinical clusters in the SARP longitudinal cohort. <b>Methods:</b> Subjects in longitudinal cohort (n=594) with 3-year (n=461) and 5-year (n=272) were assigned to clinical clusters using an 11-variable discriminant function. Phenotypes were compared using Kruskal-Wallis test. <b>Results:</b> Baseline clinical characteristics of five clusters in the longitudinal cohort were similar to the cross-sectional cohort. From baseline to Year 5, 2/3 of subjects remained in the same cluster and 1/6 each changed to more severe or milder clusters. Cluster 5 had consistently higher numbers of asthma exacerbations than clusters 1-4. Responses to a corticosteroid evoked phenotype (before and after 40 mg intramuscular triamcinolone): severe asthma clusters 3-5 had greater % increase in FEV<sub>1</sub> than non-severe clusters (p&lt;0.0001); cluster 5 had less % decrease in FeNO (p&lt;0.0001) and sputum eosinophils (p=0.0045) than clusters 1-4. Longitudinal changes in the clusters were caused by baseline and longitudinal changes in FEV<sub>1</sub> and age of asthma onset. <b>Conclusions:</b> SARP clinical clusters are reproducible in the longitudinal cohort. Severe clusters have better responses to corticosteroid. Cluster 5 has consistently greater asthma exacerbations over time. Longitudinal changes in FEV<sub>1</sub> primarily determine cluster progression.
Corrigendum (1989)

K. Suzuki, K. Tohda, H. Sasakura, H. Inoue, K. Tatsuta and T. Shirai, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1989, 1788 DOI: 10.1039/C39890001788
Next Generation Ductile Fracture Arrest Analyses for High Energy Pipelines Based on Detail Coupling of CFD and FEA Approach (2018)

Axial ductile fracture propagation and arrest in high energy pipelines has been studied since the early 1970’s with the development of the empirical Battelle Two-Curve (BTC) model. Numerous empirical corrections on the backfill, gas decompression models, and fracture toughness have been proposed over the past decades. While this approach has worked in most cases, the dynamic interaction between the decompression of the fluid in the vicinity of the crack tip and the behaviour of the pipe material as it opens to form flaps behind the crack has been very difficult to solve from a more fundamental approach. The effects of the pressure distribution on the flap inner surface making up the crack-driving force which drives the crack propagation speed has been suggested in the past, but due to intensive computational effort required, it was never realized. The present paper attempts to tackle this problem by employing an iterative solution procedure where the gas pressure field in the vicinity of the crack tip is accurately solved for by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for a given flap geometry determined from a dynamic FEA model to render a new flap geometry. In this model a cohesive-zone element at the crack tip is employed as a representation of the material toughness parameter. The final outcome is the determination of the cohesive energy in the FEA (as a representation of the material toughness parameter) to match the measured fracture propagation speed for the specific case. A case study was taken from full-scale rupture test data from one of the pipe joints from the Japanese Gas Association (JGA) unbackfilled pipe burst test data conducted in 2004 on the 762 mm O.D., 17.5 mm wall thickness, Gr. 555 MPa (API 5L X80) pipe.