gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In Situ Tumor Vaccination with Nanoparticle Co‐Delivering CpG and STAT3 siRNA to Effectively Induce Whole‐Body Antitumor Immune Response (2021)

The success of immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in a subset of individuals has been very exciting. However, in many cancers, responses to current ICIs are modest and are seen only in a small subsets of patients. Herein, a widely applicable approach that increases the benefit of ICIs is reported. Intratumoral administration of augmenting immune response and inhibiting suppressive environment of tumors-AIRISE-02 nanotherapeutic that co-delivers CpG and STAT3 siRNA-results in not only regression of the injected tumor, but also tumors at distant sites in multiple tumor model systems. In particular, three doses of AIRISE-02 in combination with systemic ICIs completely cure both treated and untreated aggressive melanoma tumors in 63% of mice, while ICIs alone do not cure any mice. A long-term memory immune effect is also reported. AIRISE-02 is effective in breast and colon tumor models as well. Lastly, AIRISE-02 is well tolerated in mice and nonhuman primates. This approach combines multiple therapeutic agents into a single nanoconstruct to create whole-body immune responses across multiple cancer types. Being a local therapeutic, AIRISE-02 circumvents regulatory challenges of systemic nanoparticle delivery, facilitating rapid translation to the clinic. AIRISE-02 is under investigational new drug (IND)-enabling studies, and clinical trials will soon follow.
Contrary View: Wear is not an Issue (2002)

Wear was not an issue with total knee replacements that had a round-on-round design such as the Total Condylar and the Insall-Burstein prostheses. As long as designs do not try to reproduce normality in kinematics, wear will not be an issue. To date, there are no data that mobile-bearing knee replacements will decrease wear complications as compared with round-on-round fixed designs. Wear is not an issue if the total knee replacement is done with a round-on-round design with a cobalt chrome femoral component, monoblock tibial component, and an all-polyethylene patella, all with cemented fixation.
ChemInform Abstract: DIELS‐ALDER REACTIONS INVOLVING CROSS‐CONJUGATED DIENONES. EFFECTS OF SUBSTITUTION ON REACTIVITY (1981)

Abstract Die Reaktion der Dienone (I) mit Piperylen (II) bei 70°C liefert die Produkte (III), deren Formylgruppe entfernt werden kann [→(IV)].
First synthesis of naphthalene annulated oxepins (2014)

Highly condensed oxepins have been prepared in good yields from their corresponding diols by etherification using <italic>p</italic>-toluenesulfonic acid.
The successful arthroscopic treatment of suprascapular intraneural ganglion cysts (2015)

OBJECT High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can distinguish between intraneural ganglion cysts and paralabral (extraneural) cysts at the glenohumeral joint. Suprascapular intraneural ganglion cysts share the same pathomechanism as their paralabral counterparts, emanating from a tear in the glenoid labrum. The authors present 2 cases to demonstrate that the identification and arthroscopic repair of labral tears form the cornerstone of treatment for intraneural ganglion cysts of the suprascapular nerve. METHODS Two patients with suprascapular intraneural ganglion cysts were identified: 1 was recognized and treated prospectively, and the other, previously reported as a paralabral cyst, was identified retrospectively through the reinter-pretation of high-resolution MR images. RESULTS Both patients achieved full functional recovery and had complete radiological involution of the intraneural ganglion cysts at the 3-month and 12-month follow-ups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Previous reports of suprascapular intraneural ganglion cysts described treatment by an open approach to decompress the cysts and resect the articular nerve branch to the glenohumeral joint. The 2 cases in this report demonstrate that intraneural ganglion cysts, similar to paralabral cysts, can be treated with arthroscopic repair of the glenoid labrum without resection of the articular branch. This approach minimizes surgical morbidity and directly addresses the primary etiology of intraneural and extraneural ganglion cysts.
Thermal Atomic Layer Etching of CoO, ZnO, Fe2O3, and NiO by Chlorination and Ligand Addition Using SO2Cl2 and Tetramethylethylenediamine (2023)

Thermal atomic layer etching (ALE) of CoO, ZnO, Fe2O3, and NiO was achieved using chlorination and ligand-addition reactions at 250 °C. This two-step process was accomplished by first chlorinating the metal oxide with SO2Cl2. Subsequently, ligand addition to the metal chloride was performed using tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA). In situ quadrupole mass spectrometry (QMS) studies on metal oxide powders revealed that CoO, ZnO, Fe2O3, and NiO all formed stable and volatile MCl2(TMEDA) compounds (M = Co, Zn, Fe, Ni) as etch products at 250 °C. These QMS studies of the sequential SO2Cl2 and TMEDA exposures were facilitated by a new reactor design with two nested inlet lines that transport the reactants separately to the powder substrate. The time-dependence of the reactants and products could also be monitored by the QMS investigations. The large SO2+ ion intensity observed at the beginning of the SO2Cl2 exposure was consistent with the chlorination reaction MO + SO2Cl2 → MCl2 + SO2 + (1/2)O2. The time-dependent QMS studies also observed the MClx(TMEDA)+ ion intensity peaking at the beginning of the TMEDA exposures. The subsequent decay of the MClx(TMEDA)+ ion intensity, while the (TMEDA)+ ion intensity remained constant, was evidence for a self-limiting ligand-addition reaction. The mass loss of the metal oxide powders was confirmed after sequential SO2Cl2 and TMEDA exposures. The etching of two of these metal oxides was also verified using separate experiments on flat substrates using SO2Cl2 and TMEDA exposures at 250 °C. For CoO thermal ALE, an etch rate of 4.1 Å/cycle at 250 °C was measured using X-ray reflectivity (XRR) studies. For ZnO thermal ALE, an etch rate of 0.12 Å/cycle at 250 °C was measured using quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) investigations. Other first row transition metal oxides were surveyed in addition to CoO, ZnO, Fe2O3, and NiO. QMS studies of TiO2, Cr2O3, and MnO2 showed no volatile species formation during sequential SO2Cl2 and TMEDA exposures at 250 °C. In contrast, V2O5 and CuO were spontaneously etched using SO2Cl2 at 250 °C, as determined by the observation of volatile VOCl3 and CuCl3 etch products, respectively. Calculated Gibbs free energy changes for the various etching reactions also supported the experimental observations for the first row transition metal oxides. These studies illustrate that the chlorination and ligand-addition reaction mechanism can provide a new avenue for the thermal ALE of a variety of transition metal oxides that have nonvolatile metal chlorides.
Synthetic Studies on Cyclobuta[a]indanes: Stereocontrolled Access to C9-Substituted Derivatives (2008)

We report the preparation of novel ethyl cyclobuta[a]indane derivatives of pharmacological interest. The synthesis of compounds 5 was used as a model to study stereocontrolled access to C9-substituted cyclobutane from the corresponding cyclobutanone 1. Progress was made on two complementary aspects: (1) catalytic hydrogenation from the appropriate cyclobutene precursors; and (2) delivery of the C9 substituent through an intramolecular process. The level of diastereoselectivity obtained through hydrogenation of cyclobutene depends both on the metal used as catalyst and the nature of the functional group proximal to the double bond. The intramolecular delivery approach was diastereospecific, provided that the spiro-intermediate 7 does not ring open during the stereoinduction step. The latter route should allow preparation of quaternary carbon at C9 not available through hydrogenation.
Consequences of Nonergodicity in Aqueous Binary PEO−PB Micellar Dispersions (2004)

Aqueous micellar dispersions of poly(ethylene oxide)−poly(butadiene) (PEO−PB) diblock copolymers were investigated using cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM). A variety of binary blends were prepared by premixing (before dispersion) and postmixing (after dispersion) diblocks with varying composition and molecular weight. Cryo-TEM results establish there is no perceptible exchange of macromolecules between aggregates resulting in a nonergodic state, where overall equilibrium is never achieved. However, analysis of many microscopic images leads to the conclusion that these nonergodic micelles relax to a state of local equilibrium through the redistribution of block copolymers within the topological framework established during dispersion. Different average compositions and molecular weights exhibit varying degrees of structural complexity, which appears to peak in the vicinity of network formation. Away from this condition the micelle morphology is relatively insensitive to core or corona polydispersity. However, at compositions where the monomodal and nearly monodisperse amphiphiles produce branched wormlike micelles and a network, bimodal mixtures displayed intramicellar segregation leading to cylindrical undulations and octopus-like aggregates with cylindrical micelles emanating from a single bilayer core. These findings are discussed in the context of interfacial curvature and surfactancy.
Assessment of Gastric Acid Output by H2Breath Test (1994)

Whereas the intubation test discriminated between high and low acid secretion, the breath test did not. This test therefore seems, at least as performed here, unsuitable as a diagnostic test of gastric acid secretion.
IL-8, IL-10, TGF-β, and GCSF Levels Were Increased in Severe Persistent Allergic Asthma Patients with the Anti-IgE Treatment (2012)

Our study gives a different perspective for the SPA and anti-IgE immunotherapy efficacy at the cell cytokine-linked step.
Mode assignment of excited states in self-assembled InAs/GaAs quantum dots (1998)

The modes of excited states of electrons and holes in self-assembled InAs/GaAs quantum dots (QD's) are investigated through photoluminescence (PL) and photoluminescence excitation (PLE) polarization properties with the aid of the theoretical calculation. First, the wave functions of electrons and holes are calculated by solving the three-dimensional Schr\"odinger equation using the finite element method by considering the effect of the strain distributions inside and/or around QD's. It is shown that there exist excited states of not only holes but also electrons in [11\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}0] and [110] directions. Based on the results, the polarization properties of transitions between excited states of electrons and holes with the same quantum numbers are calculated. Then, the PL and PLE polarization properties are measured, and the modes of the excited states are assigned by comparing the calculation results.
Emerging Themes in Image Informatics and Molecular Analysis for Digital Pathology (2016)

Pathology is essential for research in disease and development, as well as for clinical decision making. For more than 100 years, pathology practice has involved analyzing images of stained, thin tissue sections by a trained human using an optical microscope. Technological advances are now driving major changes in this paradigm toward digital pathology (DP). The digital transformation of pathology goes beyond recording, archiving, and retrieving images, providing new computational tools to inform better decision making for precision medicine. First, we discuss some emerging innovations in both computational image analytics and imaging instrumentation in DP. Second, we discuss molecular contrast in pathology. Molecular DP has traditionally been an extension of pathology with molecularly specific dyes. Label-free, spectroscopic images are rapidly emerging as another important information source, and we describe the benefits and potential of this evolution. Third, we describe multimodal DP, which is enabled by computational algorithms and combines the best characteristics of structural and molecular pathology. Finally, we provide examples of application areas in telepathology, education, and precision medicine. We conclude by discussing challenges and emerging opportunities in this area.
A Thermodynamic Analysis of a Solar Organic Rankine Cycle (2012)

A systems level analysis is presented for a solar organic Rankine cycle (S-ORC) for assessing the feasibility of the cycle to be used in small scale rural/residential power generation. A thermodynamic model was generated for a system composed of the collector, the heat transfer fluid, the pump, the expander, and the heat exchangers, using five different working fluids. Based on the collector efficiency and incident radiation, the thermodynamic efficiency of the system was evaluated. For flat panel solar collectors, the highest system efficiency was found to be 6.2% when using R-134a as a working fluid. R-134a also required the least boiler heat transfer area, although its operation required relatively higher pressures. The performance of the solar-ORC system is compared with that of photovoltaic systems and the practicality of these solar thermal systems are discussed in terms of system size and end use.
Robust variance estimation and inference for causal effect estimation (2018)

We consider a longitudinal data structure consisting of baseline covariates, time-varying treatment variables, intermediate time-dependent covariates, and a possibly time dependent outcome. Previous studies have shown that estimating the variance of asymptotically linear estimators using empirical influence functions in this setting result in anti-conservative estimates with increasing magnitudes of positivity violations, leading to poor coverage and uncontrolled Type I errors. In this paper, we present two alternative approaches of estimating the variance of these estimators: (i) a robust approach which directly targets the variance of the influence function as a counterfactual mean outcome, and (ii) a non-parametric bootstrap based approach that is theoretically valid and lowers the computational cost, thereby increasing the feasibility in non-parametric settings using complex machine learning algorithms. The performance of these approaches are compared to that of the empirical influence function in simulations across different levels of positivity violations and treatment effect sizes.
Theoretical Studies of Furan and Thiophene Nanothreads: Structures, Cycloaddition Barriers and Activation Volumes (2021)

In this theoretical study we examine several aspects of the formation, structure, and stability of the most ordered nanothreads yet made, those derived from furan and thiophene. First, we look at the enthalpic consequences and activation barriers of the first two steps of oligomerization by a Diels-Alder mechanism. The ca. 20 kcal/mol difference in the synthetic pressures (furan lower) is explainable in terms of greater loss of aromaticity by the thiophene. Subsequent steps have understandably lower barriers. We show explicitly how pressure affects the reaction profiles, operating through the volume decrease in the transition state and onward to the product molecule. The interesting option of polymerization proceeding in one or two directions opens up the possibility of polymers with two opposing and cumulative dipole moments. The computed activation volumes are consistently more negative for likely initial furan (compared with thiophene) polymerization steps, in accord with the lower onset pressure of furan polymerization. In the second part of our study we examine the energetics of the likely polymers. Three ordered polymer structures compete in enthalpy -- a syn one, with all O/S on the same side, an anti one, S/O alternating, and a syn-anti isomer, with segments of four monomers repeating. The syn polymer, if not allowed to distort, is at high enthalpy relative to the other two. The origin of the destabilization is apparent, being S/O lone-pair repulsion, understandably greater for S than O at the 2.8/2.6Å separation. Set free, the syn isomers curve or arc, in two- or three-dimensional (helical) ways, whose energetics are traced in detail. The syn polymer can also stabilize itself by the thread twisting into zig-zag or helical enthalpic minima. Release of strain in a linear thread as the pressure is relaxed to 1 atm, with consequent thread curving, is a likely mechanism for the observed loss of crystalline order in the polymer as it is returned to ambient pressure.
Model-Based Optimization: Accurate, and Consistent Site Modeling from Imagery (1997)

CVLAB
Probing Protein Folding Using Site-Specifically Encoded Unnatural Amino Acids as FRET Donors with Tryptophan (2009)

The experimental study of protein folding is enhanced by the use of nonintrusive probes that are sensitive to local conformational changes in the protein structure. Here, we report the selection of an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase/tRNA pair for the cotranslational, site-specific incorporation of two unnatural amino acids that can function as fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) donors with Trp to probe the disruption of the hydrophobic core upon protein unfolding. l-4-Cyanophenylalanine (pCNPhe) and 4-ethynylphenylalanine (pENPhe) were incorporated into the hydrophobic core of the 171-residue protein, T4 lysozyme. The FRET donor ability of pCNPhe and pENPhe is evident by the overlap of the emission spectra of pCNPhe and pENPhe with the absorbance spectrum of Trp. The incorporation of both unnatural amino acids in place of a phenylalanine in the hydrophobic core of T4 lysozyme was well tolerated by the protein, due in part to the small size of the cyano and ethynyl groups. The hydrophobic nature of the ethynyl group of pENPhe suggests that this unnatural amino acid is a more conservative substitution into the hydrophobic core of the protein compared to pCNPhe. The urea-induced disruption of the hydrophobic core of the protein was probed by the change in FRET efficiency between either pCNPhe or pENPhe and the Trp residues in T4 lysozyme. The methodology for the study of protein conformational changes using FRET presented here is of general applicability to the study of protein structural changes, since the incorporation of the unnatural amino acids is not inherently limited by the size of the protein.
On the generation of cryptographically strong pseudorandom sequences (1983)

This paper shows how to generate from a short random seed a long sequence of pseudorandom numbers which is cryptogrgraphically strong in the sense that knowing some sequence elements cannot possibly help the cryptanalyst to determine other sequence elements. The method is based on the RSA cryptosystem, and it is the first published example of a pseudorandom sequence generator for which such a property has been formally proved.
BOD AND COD DETERMINATIONS ON CITRUS WASTE STREAMS AND COMPONENT PARTS (1980)

ABSTRACT Triplicate grapefruit and orange samples of about 500 kg each were processed under controlled pilot plant conditions. Composite samples of the wash water and the products of each unit operation were analyzed for oxygen demand by the long chemical oxygen demand (LCOD), short‐chemical oxygen demand (S‐COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). Additionally, samples of grapefruit and orange were washed by hand with 0.4L of H 2 O/kg fruit before dividing the fruit into six component parts: flavedo, albedo, membrane, juice sacs, seeds, and juice. Samples of fruit were also prepared by grinding the whole fruit in a comminuting machine. The L‐COD values for the pilot plant runs ranged from 68 ppm on the water used to rinse grapefruit before it was washed, to more than 1,180,000 ppm for the dried orange peel. The weight of rinse water was 40% of the fruit weight and dry peel weights were 8% of the fruit weight. For the component parts, the L‐COD ranged from 416 ppm for the rinse water to more than 1.5 million ppm for the grapefruit seeds. Covariance analysis comparing differences in oxygen demand measurements within a cultivar in addition to the differences in percentage of total solids and °Brix is discussed.
Dispersion of Small Ceramic Particles (Al 2 O 3 ) with Azotobacter vinelandii (1992)

The high surface charge of small ceramic particles such as alumina particles prevents them from dispersing evenly in aqueous suspensions and forming high-density compacts. However, suspensions of 400-nm-diameter alumina particles treated with alginate from the bacterium Azotobacter vinelandii were well dispersed. The alginate bound firmly to the particle surface and could not be removed by repeated washing with distilled water (2.82 mg of the bacterial alginate adsorbed to 1 g of the alumina particles). Furthermore, A. vinelandii grew and produced alginate in the presence of up to 15% (vol/vol) alumina particles. These results suggest that an in situ process using this bacterium to coat ceramic particles with alginate might be developed. In in situ processing experiments, the particle-packing densities were significantly increased and the viscosities of 5 and 10% (vol/vol) suspensions were reduced 4- and 60-fold, respectively, over those of controls. The bacteria were readily removed from the alumina particles by washing.
55‐3: Holographic Grating to Improve the Efficiency of Windshield HUD (2018)

A Windshield Head‐Up Display (WHUD) using an embedded optical thin film to improve the system efficiency is presented. Most of today's WHUDs, including the most advanced devices, use the windshield as a simple half‐mirror, so that the main part of the optical flow is not reflected toward the eye‐box. Even with recent work, aiming to increase the optical efficiency of the Picture Generating Unit, or the set of mirrors or light‐guides, reflectance efficiency is not greater than 20%. Experiments performed on the first prototype using Transparent Holographic Optical Components show an optical efficiency of 85%. This result will open the way for a more compact green product device (with a huge reduction in power consumption).
ChemInform Abstract: Triply Convergent, Stereospecific Alkene Formation via Peterson Olefination. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Texture etched Al-doped ZnO: a new material for enhanced light trapping in thin film solar cells (2002)

We found that sputtered ZnO:Al films with an appropriate compact structure develop a surface texture during etching in diluted HCl with excellent optical and light trapping properties. Moreover, these texturable films have a high optical transmission and good electrical properties which are not affected by the etching process. An analysis of the film structure by HRSEM is presented. High short-circuit currents have been achieved for a-Si:H solar cells incorporating these films as TCO substrates.
Markov jump processes with finite variance on bounded domains. (2016)

Abstract not provided.