gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fully integrated hybrid microwave photonic receiver (2022)

Microwave photonic receivers are a promising candidate in breaking the bandwidth limitation of traditional radio-frequency (RF) receivers. To further balance the performance superiority with the requirements regarding size, weight, and power consumption (SWaP), the implementation of integrated microwave photonic microsystems has been considered an upgrade path. However, up to now, to the best of our knowledge, chip-scale fully integrated microwave photonic receivers have not been reported due to the limitation of material platforms. In this paper, we report a fully integrated hybrid microwave photonic receiver (FIH-MWPR) obtained by comprising the indium phosphide (InP) laser chip and the monolithic silicon-on-insulator (SOI) photonic circuit into the same substrate based on the low-coupling-loss micro-optics method. Benefiting from the integration of all optoelectronic components, the packaged FIH-MWPR exhibits a compact volume of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" id="m1"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>6</mml:mn> <mml:mtext> </mml:mtext> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>cm</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> and low power consumption of 1.2 W. The FIH-MWPR supports a wide operation bandwidth from 2 to 18 GHz. Furthermore, its RF-link performance to down-convert the RF signals to the intermediate frequency is experimentally characterized by measuring the link gain, the noise figure, and the spurious-free dynamic range metrics across the whole operation frequency band. Moreover, we have utilized it as a de-chirp receiver to process the broadband linear frequency-modulated (LFM) radar echo signals at different frequency bands (S-, C-, X-, and Ku-bands) and successfully demonstrated its high-resolution-ranging capability. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first realization of a chip-scale broadband fully integrated microwave photonic receiver, which is expected to be an important step in demonstrating the feasibility of all-integrated microwave photonic microsystems oriented to miniaturized application scenarios.
Incorporating body dynamics into sensor-based motion planning: the maximum turn strategy (1997)

Most of today's approaches to sensor-based motion planning focus on kinematic and geometric issues and ignore the system dynamics. Those few that address dynamics do so in a two-stage fashion by considering one issue at the time. This work attempts to incorporate control of body dynamics into the sensor-based motion planning process. A point mobile robot is assumed to operate in a planar environment with unknown arbitrary stationary obstacles. Based on its current velocity and sensory data about the surrounding obstacles, the robot plans its motion to locally maximize the turning angle toward the current intermediate target. An optimal braking procedure takes care of sudden potential collisions by guaranteeing a safe emergency stopping path. Given the constraints on robot's dynamics, sensing, and control means, conditions are formulated for generating trajectories that guarantee convergence and the robot's safety at all times. The approach calls for continuous computation and is fast enough for real-time implementation. Simulated examples demonstrate its performance.
A CRISPR method for genome engineering (2014)

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) RNA-guided adaptive immune systems that protect bacteria and archaea from infection by viruses are now being routinely repurposed for genome engineering in a wide variety of cell types and multicellular organisms.
Comparative Studies on the Delignification of Pine Kraft−Anthraquinone Pulp with Hydrogen Peroxide by Binucleus Mn(IV) Complex Catalysis (2003)

Pine kraft-anthraquinone (kraft-AQ) pulp was bleached in alkaline solution with hydrogen peroxide catalyzed by either [L(1)Mn(IV)(micro-O)(3)Mn(IV)L(1)](PF(6))(2)] (C1) or [LMn(IV)(2)(micro-O)(3)] (ClO(4))(2) (C2) at 60 and 80 degrees C for 120 min with a catalyst charge of 10 ppm on pulp. The resulting bleached pulp was hydrolyzed with cellulase to obtain insoluble and soluble residual lignins. The alkaline bleaching effluents were acidified to precipitate alkaline-soluble lignins. These lignin preparations were then characterized by 2D heteronuclear multiple-quantum coherence (HMQC) NMR spectroscopic techniques. The results showed that biphenyl (5-5) and stilbene structures of the residual lignin in the pulp are preferentially degraded in both the C1- and C2-catalyzed bleachings, whereas beta-O-4, beta-5, and beta-beta structures undergo degradation to a lesser extent. In both cases, the degradation of the residual lignin increased with the increase in reaction temperature from 60 to 80 degrees C. Thus, the result of C1-catalyzed delignification is not in agreement with the observed decrease in the disappearance rate for substrates in the C1-catalyzed oxidation of lignin model compounds with hydrogen peroxide when the reaction temperature is increased from 60 to 80 degrees C. In addition, the resulting residual lignins in the C2-catalyzed bleaching at 80 degrees C are less degraded than the corresponding lignins in the C1-catalyzed bleaching at both 60 and 80 degrees C. Thus, C1 is more effective than C2 as catalyst in the binucleus Mn(IV) complex-catalyzed bleaching of pine kraft-AQ pulp with hydrogen peroxide.
ChemInform Abstract: A General Synthesis of Tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4‐d]thiazoles. (2013)

Abstract The short three step synthesis of the title compounds (VIII) allows the introduction of a wide range of substituents.
Synthesis and Structure of Stereoisomeric Multivicinal Hexafluoroalkanes (2009)

Einfache Erklärung: Moleküle mit sechs aufeinanderfolgenden Fluoratomen an einer Kohlenstoffkette wurden stereokontrolliert hergestellt. Röntgenkristallographie ergab, dass das Fluoralkan je nach stereochemischem Muster eine Helix- oder Zickzackform annehmen kann (siehe Strukturen). Diese Befunde lassen sich mit einfachen stereochemischen Effekten der C-F-Bindungen erklären. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Using Statistical Process Control to Monitor Active Managers (2003)

Investors and chief investment officers who are invested in (or bear responsibility for) many products face a resource allocation problem. Which products deserve their attention and scrutiny? Ideally investors will focus on products that appear to be in trouble, but these are not easily identified using the classic methods of performance evaluation. In fact, it is often claimed that it takes 40 years to determine whether an active portfolio outperforms its benchmark. The authors demonstrate that a statistical process control scheme known as the CUSUM can be used to detect flat-to-the-benchmark performance in 40 months, and to detect underperformance faster still. By rapidly detecting underperformance, the CUSUM allows investors and CIOs to focus their attention on potential problems before they have a serious impact on the performance of the overall portfolio. The CUSUM procedure is provably optimal; for any given rate of false alarms, no other procedure can detect underperformance as quickly. It is robust to the distribution of excess returns, allowing its use in almost any asset class without modification.
Discovery of Kinase Spectrum Selective Macrocycle (16E)-14-Methyl-20-oxa-5,7,14,26-tetraazatetracyclo[19.3.1.1(2,6).1(8,12)]heptacosa-1(25),2(26),3,5,8(27),9,11,16,21,23-decaene (SB1317/TG02), a Potent Inhibitor of Cyclin Dependent Kinases (CDKs), Janus Kinase 2 (JAK2), and Fms-like Tyrosine Kinase-3 (FLT3) for the Treatment of Cancer (2011)

Herein, we describe the design, synthesis, and SAR of a series of unique small molecule macrocycles that show spectrum selective kinase inhibition of CDKs, JAK2, and FLT3. The most promising leads were assessed in vitro for their inhibition of cancer cell proliferation, solubility, CYP450 inhibition, and microsomal stability. This screening cascade revealed 26 h as a preferred compound with target IC(50) of 13, 73, and 56 nM for CDK2, JAK2 and FLT3, respectively. Pharmacokinetic (PK) studies of 26 h in preclinical species showed good oral exposures. Oral efficacy was observed in colon (HCT-116) and lymphoma (Ramos) xenograft studies, in line with the observed PK/PD correlation. 26h (SB1317/TG02) was progressed into development in 2010 and is currently undergoing phase 1 clinical trials in advanced leukemias and multiple myeloma.
Evaluation of Liquid and Vapor Penetration of Sprays from a Multi-Hole Gasoline Fuel Injector Operating Under Engine-Like Conditions (2014)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Liquid and vapor penetration of sprays from a multi-hole gasoline fuel injector operating under engine-like conditions were systematically investigated utilizing a high-speed imaging system capable of acquiring schlieren and Mie scattering images in a near-simultaneous fashion. The influences of ambient conditions and fuel properties on the formation of liquid and vapor envelopes were evaluated. In addition to the compilation of an extensive data set, results of the investigation indicate that mixing-limited vaporization modeling can be utilized to predict the maximum liquid penetration of &lt;i&gt;short&lt;/i&gt;-duration, &lt;i&gt;multi-plume&lt;/i&gt; sprays.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
SPECIFICATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF ATOMIC DATA TYPES (1984)

Maintaining the consistency of long-lived, on-line dataa is a difficult task, particularly in a distributed system. It explores an approach in which atomicity is ensured by the data objects shared by concurrent activities; such objects are called atomic objects, and data types whose objects are atomic are called atomic types. This dissertation addresses three fundamental questions: What is an atomic type? How can an atomic type be specified? How can an atomic type be implemented? Atomicity of activities is a global property of an entire system, while atomicity of types is a local property of individual types. The definitions of atomicity discussed encompass both serializability and recoverability, and use user-supplied specifications of objects to permit greater concurrency. The specification of a data type divides into two parts: the serial specification, which describes how the type behaves in the absence of concurrency and failures, and the behavioral specification, which describes how the type supports atomicity. Several implementations of atomic types are presented illustrating how existing techniques for synchronization and recovery can be extended to use information about the behavior of objects to increase concurrency.
The need for the pathology community to sponsor a whole slide imaging repository with technical guidance from the pathology informatics community (2011)

In our recently published Editorial in the American Journal of Surgical Pathology entitled “Digital Slide Repositories for Publications – Lessons Learned from the Microarray Community”, we describe a number of potential benefits of a Whole Slide Imaging (WSI) repository for the pathology and biomedical communities, including: 1) an increased level of rigor for peer review of scientific studies submitted for publication, 2) open confirmation and validation of the entire collection of slides from published studies, rather than the contemporary reality where there is only the availability of limited fields of view as selected by authors, 3) the potential that multiple perspectives generated from the review of primary WSI data will identify alternate interpretations and/or conclusions, 4) improved educational opportunities, and 5) availability of reference data sets for inter-observer concordance studies and image analysis algorithm development.[1] While such repositories of scientific data are usually designed by information and computer scientists, we will discuss an alternative solution whereby pathology informaticists, in combination with computer scientists, would design a repository based on the needs and abilities of the end-user in question – in this case, the pathologist. Furthermore, the recent announcement of the closure of the proteomics repository and the Sequencing Read Archive (SRA)[2] highlights the need for the pathology community to sponsor/support such a repository such that it is immune to fluctuations in the federal budget and other external factors associated with the oversight being stewarded by non-pathologists. The purpose of this communication is to alert the pathology community to the need for sponsorship of their own WSI repository and to alert the pathology informatics community of the need for their help in the design and implementation of such a repository.
Enhanced Light Extraction from Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes with 2D SiO2/SiNx Photonic Crystals (2003)

The introduction of a 2D photonic crystal layer is demonstrated to be an effective way to solve light trapping problems in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). The overall effect of the photonic crystal structure on the performance of the OLED is investigated by means of current–voltage–luminance measurements and lifetime tests. A schematic of the structure of the OLED device is shown in the Figure.
Retargeting cytokine-induced killer cell activity by CD16 engagement with clinical-grade antibodies (2016)

Cytokine-induced Killer (CIK) cells are a heterogeneous population of ex vivo expanded T lymphocytes capable of MHC-unrestricted antitumor activity, which share phenotypic and functional features with both NK and T cells. Preclinical data and initial clinical studies demonstrated their high tolerability in vivo, supporting CIK cells as a promising cell population for adoptive cell immunotherapy. In this study, we report for the first time that CIK cells display a donor-dependent expression of CD16, which can be engaged by trastuzumab or cetuximab to exert a potent antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) against ovarian and breast cancer cell lines, leading to an increased lytic activity in vitro, and an enhanced therapeutic efficacy in vivo. Thus, an efficient tumor antigen-specific retargeting can be achieved by a combination therapy with clinical-grade monoclonal antibodies already widely used in cancer therapy, and CIK cell populations that are easily expandable in very large numbers, inexpensive, safe and do not require genetic manipulations. Overall, these data provide a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of Her2 and EGFR expressing tumors by adoptive cell therapy, which could find wide implementation and application, and could also be expanded to the use of additional therapeutic antibodies.
TABLE 4 from Phase I Trial of Autologous RNA-electroporated cMET-directed CAR T Cells Administered Intravenously in Patients with Melanoma and Breast Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;mRNA signals corresponding to CAR T cells in peripheral blood&lt;/p&gt;
Low-loss 3.4 dB transversal filter type dynamic gain equalizer using novel adjustment method of circuit characteristics on silica-based PLC (2005)

We fabricated a low loss 3.4 dB optical transversal filter type dynamic gain equalizer on a silica-based PLC with a symmetrical arrangement of cascaded variable couplers adopting a novel adjustment method of circuit characteristics.
Expanding the Family of Phospholane-Based Ligands: 1,2-Bis(2,5-diphenylphospholano)ethane. (2003)

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Genetic Instability and Chromatin Remodeling in Spermatids (2019)

The near complete replacement of somatic chromatin in spermatids is, perhaps, the most striking nuclear event known to the eukaryotic domain. The process is far from being fully understood, but research has nevertheless unraveled its complexity as an expression of histone variants and post-translational modifications that must be finely orchestrated to promote the DNA topological change and compaction provided by the deposition of protamines. That this major transition may not be genetically inert came from early observations that transient DNA strand breaks were detected in situ at chromatin remodeling steps. The potential for genetic instability was later emphasized by our demonstration that a significant number of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are formed and then repaired in the haploid context of spermatids. The detection of DNA breaks by 3'OH end labeling in the whole population of spermatids suggests that a reversible enzymatic process is involved, which differs from canonical apoptosis. We have set the stage for a better characterization of the genetic impact of this transition by showing that post-meiotic DNA fragmentation is conserved from human to yeast, and by providing tools for the initial mapping of the genome-wide DSB distribution in the mouse model. Hence, the molecular mechanism of post-meiotic DSB formation and repair in spermatids may prove to be a significant component of the well-known male mutation bias. Based on our recent observations and a survey of the literature, we propose that the chromatin remodeling in spermatids offers a proper context for the induction of de novo polymorphism and structural variations that can be transmitted to the next generation.
Thermal Decomposition of Some Cardiovascular Drugs (Telmisartane, Cilazapril and Terazosin HCL) (2013)

Thermal analysis of some antihypertensive drugs, Telmisartan, Cilazapril and Terazosin HCL was achieved. Thermogravimetry, derivative thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis were used through the work. Thermogravimetric parameters such as activation energy, frequency factor and reaction order were calculated. The results show the stability value decrease in the order Telmisartan > Cilazapril > Terazosin. This method can be used in the quality control of pharmaceutical compounds because it is simple, fast and cheap.
Selective Macrocyclic Inhibitors of DYRK1A/B (2022)

Dual-specificity tyrosine-(Y)-phosphorylation regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A) is a therapeutic target of interest due to the roles it plays in both neurological diseases and cancer. We present the development of the first macrocyclic inhibitors of DYRK1A. Initial lead inhibitor JH-XIV-68-3 (<b>3</b>) displayed selectivity for DYRK1A and close family member DYRK1B in biochemical and cellular assays, and demonstrated antitumor efficacy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines. However, we noted that it suffered from rapid aldehyde oxidase (AO)-mediated metabolism. To overcome this liability, we generated a derivative (JH-XVII-10 (<b>10</b>)), where fluorine was introduced to block the 2-position of the azaindole and render the molecule resistant to AO activity. We showed that <b>10</b> maintains remarkable potency and selectivity in biochemical and cellular assays as well as antitumor efficacy in HNSCC cell lines and improved metabolic stability. Therefore, <b>10</b> represents a promising new scaffold for developing DYRK1A-targeting chemical probes and therapeutics.
Fast and cheap object recognition by linear combination of views (2007)

In this paper, we present a real-time algorithm for 3D object detection in images. Our method relies on the Ullman and Basri [13] theory which claims that the same object under different transformations can often be expressed as the linear combinations of a small number of its views. Thus, in our framework the 3D object is modelized by two 2D images associated with spatial relationships described by local-invariant feature points. The recognition is based on feature points detection and alignment with the model. Important theoretical optimizations have been introduced in order to speed up the original full alignment scheme and to reduce the model size in memory. The recognition process is based on a very fast recognition loop which quickly eliminates outliers. The proposed approach does not require a segmentation stage, and it is applicable to cluttered scenes. The small size of the model and the rapidity of the detection make this algorithm particularly suitable for real-time applications on mobile devices.
Label-Aware Ranked Loss for Robust People Counting Using Automotive In-Cabin Radar (2022)

In this paper, we introduce the Label-Aware Ranked loss, a novel metric loss function. Compared to the state-of-the-art Deep Metric Learning losses, this function takes advantage of the ranked ordering of the labels in regression problems. To this end, we first show that the loss minimises when datapoints of different labels are ranked and laid at uniform angles between each other in the embedding space. Then, to measure its performance, we apply the proposed loss on a regression task of people counting with a short-range radar in a challenging scenario, namely a vehicle cabin. The introduced approach improves the accuracy as well as the neighboring labels accuracy up to 83.0% and 99.9%: An increase of 6.7% and 2.1% on state-of-the-art methods, respectively.
Delayed response to proton beam treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (2019)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has become one of the leading causes of cancer death worldwide. There has been anecdotal report regarding the effectiveness of proton beam treatment for HCC. In this pre-clinical investigation, the woodchuck model of viral hepatitis infection-induced HCC was used for proton beam treatment experiment. The radiopaque fiducial markers that are biodegradable were injected around the tumor under ultrasound guidance to facilitate positioning in sequential treatments. An α cradle mode was used to ensure reproducibility of animal positioning on the treatment couch. A CT scan was performed first for contouring by a radiation oncologist. The CT data set with contours was then exported for dose planning. Three fractionations, each 750 CcGyE, were applied every other day with a Mevion S250 passive scattering proton therapy system. Multiphase contrast-enhanced CT scans were performed after the treatment and at later times for follow-ups. 3 weeks post-treatment, shrinking of the HCC nodule was detected and constituted to a partial response (30% reduction along the long axis). By week nine after treatment, the nodule disappeared during the arterial phase of multiphase contrast-enhanced CT scan. Pathological evaluation corroborated with this imaging response. A delayed, but complete imaging response to proton beam treatment applied to HCC was achieved with this unique and clinically relevant animal model of HCC.
Beyond Thermal Management: Incorporating p-Diamond Back-Barriers and Cap Layers Into AlGaN/GaN HEMTs (2016)

This work explores the use of p-diamond back-barriers (BBs) and cap layers to enhance the performance of GaN-based high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs). Diamond can offer a heavily doped p-type layer, which is complementary to GaN electronics. Self-consistent electrothermal simulations reveal that the use of p-diamond BBs and cap layers can increase the breakdown voltage of GaN-based HEMTs by fourfold, at the same time that they enhance the 2-D-electron-gas confinement and reduce short channel effects. These results highlight that p-diamond layers can improve the performance of GaN HEMTs for high-power and high-frequency applications beyond the thermal improvements pursued until now.