gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
TU-A-BRC-11: Use of Weekly 4DCT-Based Ventilation Maps to Quantify Changes in Lung Function for Patients Undergoing Radiation Therapy (2011)

PURPOSE: A method has been proposed to calculate ventilation maps from 4DCT images. Weekly 4DCT data were acquired for lung cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy. The purpose of our work was to use ventilation maps calculated from weekly 4DCT data to study how lung function changed throughout radiation therapy METHODS: Spatial registration and a density-changed based model were used to compute weekly ventilation maps for 6 patients. We quantitatively analyzed the data by defining regions of interest (ROIs) according to dose and lung lobe and by tracking the weekly ventilation of each ROI throughout treatment. The slope of the linear fit to the weekly ventilation data was used to evaluate change in lung function throughout treatment. The dose ROI ventilation data were used to study how function changed throughout treatment as a function of dose. The lung lobe ROI ventilation data were used to investigate the impact of tumor reduction on ventilation change throughout treatment. RESULTS: We found that 3 patients had an increase in weekly ventilation as a function of dose and 3 patients had no change or a slight decrease in ventilation as a function of dose. When the tumor volume in a lobe was visibly reduced, ventilation increased, and when the tumor volume was not visibly reduced, the ventilation distribution did not change. The average slope of the group of lobes that contained tumors that shrank was 1.18 (indicating an increase in ventilation), while the average slope of the group that contained tumors that did not shrink was −0.31 (p = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS: We did not find a consistent pattern of ventilation change as a function of dose. The weekly lobe ventilation data indicated that when tumor volume shrinks, ventilation increases, and when the thoracic anatomy is not visibly changed, ventilation is likely to remain unchanged.
Green tea catechins in chemoprevention of cancer: A molecular docking investigation into their interaction with glutathione S-transferase (GST P1-1) (2008)

The anti- and pro-oxidant effects of green tea catechins have been implicated in the alterations of cellular functions determining their chemoprotective and therapeutic potentials in toxicity and diseases. The glutathione S-transferases (GSTs; EC 2.5.1.18) family is a widely distributed phase-II detoxifying enzymes and the GST P1-1 isoenzyme has been shown to catalyze the conjugation of GSH with some alkylating anti-cancer agents, suggesting that over-expression of GST P1-1 would result in tumor cell resistance. Here we report the docking study of four green tea catechins and four alkylating anticancer drugs into the GST P1-1 model, as GSTs were found to be affected by tea catechins. The EGCG ligands exhibit higher docking potential with respect to the anticancer agents, with a ligand-receptor interaction pattern indicating an high conformational stability. Consequently, the competition mechanisms favourable for the green tea catechins could lead to enzyme(s) desensitisation with a reduction of the alkylating drugs metabolism. The results provide a useful theoretical contribution in understanding the biochemical mechanisms implicated in the chemotherapeutic use of green tea catechins in oxidative stress-related diseases.
Forwarded clock based receiver characterization methodology for statistical full link analysis tools (2008)

A methodology that can directly calibrate a forward clocked receiverpsilas parameters for a statistical electrical link analysis tool, is presented. The methodology overcomes limitations of jitter tolerance testing and aids in focused receiver debugging.
Circulating microparticles as indicators of peripartum cardiomyopathy (2012)

Microparticle profiles may in long-term distinguish PPCM from normal pregnancy, heart failure, and vascular diseases and might be a diagnostic marker related to the pathomechanism of PPCM.
Low-Temperature Growth of Highly Crystalline Superconducting ZrN Thin Film on c-GaN Layer by Pulsed Laser Deposition (2007)

Superconducting ZrN thin films were fabricated on c-GaN/c-Al2O3 substrates at low growth temperatures ranging from 200 to 300 °C by pulsed laser deposition. ZrN(111) thin films were epitaxially grown on c-GaN/c-Al2O3 substrates, while the growth on c-Al2O3 substrates yielded poorer crystallinity. The use of Zr metal and ZrN targets respectively resulted in higher crystallinity and a higher superconducting transition temperature of up to 7.3 K, indicating that the superconducting transition temperature is not closely related to the crystallinity. The results suggest the usefulness of a GaN layer for the growth of cubic-nitride thin films.
It’s Not My Fault: Postdictive Modulation of Intentional Binding by Monetary Gains and Losses (2012)

Sense of agency refers to the feeling that one's voluntary actions caused external events. Past studies have shown that compression of the subjective temporal interval between actions and external events, called intentional binding, is closely linked to the experience of agency. Current theories postulate that the experience of agency is constructed via predictive and postdictive pathways. One remaining problem is the source of human causality bias; people often make misjudgments on the causality of voluntary actions and external events depending on their rewarding or punishing outcomes. Although human causality bias implies that sense of agency can be modified by post-action information, convincing empirical findings for this issue are lacking. Here, we hypothesized that sense of agency would be modified by affective valences of action outcomes. To examine this issue, we investigated how rewarding and punishing outcomes following voluntary action modulate behavioral measures of agency using intentional binding paradigm and classical conditioning procedures. In the acquisition phase, auditory stimuli were paired with positive, neutral or negative monetary outcomes. Tone-reward associations were evaluated using reaction times and preference ratings. In the experimental session, participants performed a variant of intentional binding task, where participants made timing judgments for onsets of actions and sensory outcomes while playing simple slot games. Our results showed that temporal binding was modified by affective valences of action outcomes. Specifically, intentional binding was attenuated when negative outcome occurred, consistent with self-serving bias. Our study not only provides evidence for postdictive modification of agency, but also proposes a possible mechanism of human causality bias.
SIRT1 Promotes Differentiation of Normal Human (2009)

deacetylase with enzymatic properties indistinguishable from the yeast enzyme. We studied the involvement of SIRT1 in normal human keratinocyte physiology by a transcriptional microarray analysis of primary keratinocytes either overexpressing or underexpressing SIRT1. Using a systems biology analytical approach, we predicted that SIRT1 induces keratinocyte differentiation through a pathway integral to or overlapping with that of calcium-induced differentiation. We experimentally assayed this prediction and found that the SIRT1 inhibitor nicotinamide inhibited expression of keratinocyte differentiation markers, whereas a SIRT1 activator, resveratrol, enhanced expression of keratinocyte differentiation markers. Similar results were obtained in keratinocytes manipulated to overexpress or underexpress SIRT1, and modulating SIRT1 significantly affected keratinocyte proliferation rates. We conclude that SIRT1 functions in normal human keratinocytes to inhibit proliferation and to promote differentiation.
Dual-Mode HDAC Prodrug for Covalent Modification and Subsequent Inhibitor Release (2015)

Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) target abnormal epigenetic states associated with a variety of pathologies, including cancer. Here, the development of a prodrug of the canonical broad-spectrum HDACi suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) is described. Although hydroxamic acids are utilized universally in the development of metalloenzyme inhibitors, they are considered to be poor pharmacophores with reduced activity in vivo. We developed a prodrug of SAHA by appending a promoiety, sensitive to thiols, to the hydroxamic acid warhead (termed SAHA-TAP). After incubation of SAHA-TAP with an HDAC, the thiol of a conserved HDAC cysteine residue becomes covalently tagged with the promoiety, initiating a cascade reaction that leads to the release of SAHA. Mass spectrometry and enzyme kinetics experiments validate that the cysteine residue is covalently appended with the TAP promoiety. SAHA-TAP demonstrates cytotoxicity activity against various cancer cell lines. This strategy represents an original prodrug design with a dual mode of action for HDAC inhibition.
iRGD-guided Tumor-penetrating Nanocomplexes for Therapeutic siRNA Delivery to Pancreatic Cancer (2018)

Pancreatic cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death, with 5-year survival of 8.5%. The lack of significant progress in improving therapy reflects our inability to overcome the desmoplastic stromal barrier in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) as well as a paucity of new approaches targeting its genetic underpinnings. RNA interference holds promise in targeting key mutations driving PDAC; however, a nucleic acid delivery vehicle that homes to PDAC and breaches the stroma does not yet exist. Noting that the cyclic peptide iRGD mediates tumor targeting and penetration through interactions with a v b 3/5 integrins and neuropilin-1, we hypothesized that "tandem" peptides combining a cell-penetrating peptide and iRGD can encapsulate siRNA to form tumor-penetrating nanocomplexes (TPN) capable of delivering siRNA to PDAC. The use of directly conjugated iRGD is justified by receptor expression patterns in human PDAC biopsies. In this work, we optimize iRGD TPNs with polyethylene glycol (PEG)peptide conjugates for systemic delivery to sites of disease. We show that TPNs effectively knockdown siRNA targets in PDAC cell lines and in an immunocompetent genetically engineered mouse model of PDAC. Furthermore, we validate their tumor-penetrating ability in three-dimensional organoids and autochthonous tumors. In murine therapeutic trials, TPNs delivering anti-Kras siRNA significantly delay tumor growth. Thus, iRGD TPNs hold promise in treating PDAC by not only overcoming physical barriers to therapy, but by leveraging the stroma to achieve knockdown of the gold-standard genetic target. Moreover, the modular construction of this delivery platform allows for facile adaptation to future genetic target candidates in pancreatic cancer.
Lack of Significant Morphological Differences Between Human X and Y Spermatozoa and Their Precursor Cells (Spermatids) Exposed to Different Prehybridization Treatments (2001)

Human X and Y spermatozoa were previously compared by several nonmolecular techniques. Recent studies show that in many of the previous investigations, the methods used to identify the spermatozoa were nonspecific and thus produced contradictory findings. In the present study, the comparison of the 2 germ cell types, X and Y, were performed following fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), which is the most reliable genotyping technique currently available. The FISH technique was performed under 3 different treatments: permeabilization with liquid N2, fixation with Carnoy's, and chromatin decondensation with lithium di-iodosalicylate. Mature and immature germ cells (spermatozoa and spermatids) were compared. Lithium showed higher hybridization efficiency, while liquid N2 and Carnoy's fixative maintained better morphological integrity of cells with lower hybridization. The sperm exhibiting hybridization signals were not different in any of the morphometric or qualitative comparisons from those that did not exhibit signals. No significant deviation of the sex ratio from 1:1 was seen in either the mature or immature germ cell population. The spatial distribution of X and Y chromosome-specific signals in the sperm head were identical. The hybridization treatments did not have any preferential effect on the cells of specific genotype (X or Y). Neither head parameters (length, HL; width, HW; area, HA) nor tail length (TL) significantly differed between X and Y populations of spermatozoa under any of the treatments. Similarly, the haploid, X-specific round cells did not differ from Y-specific ones by their size (diameter) and shape. These results indicate that neither mature sperm nor their precursors possess significant morphological differences between X and Y genotypes.
Performance Analysis of Finite-Sized Co-Operative Systems With Unreliable Backhauls (2016)

This paper presents a performance analysis of a finite-sized co-operative wireless system, where a group of transmitters with unreliable backhauls serve a desired receiver using noncoherent joint transmission. To facilitate analysis, an analytical expression for the distribution of the spatially averaged signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SA-SINR) is derived in terms of key system and channel parameters. Leveraging the derived expression, the joint impact of node co-operation, backhaul reliability, interference, and communication range is investigated in the considered finite-sized co-operative system. Furthermore, based on the SA-SINR, closed form expressions for the average bit error rate (ABER) and average spectral efficiency (ASE) are derived. Further insights are established by analyzing the asymptotic performance in the high transmission power regime. From analytical derivations for the outage probability, ABER, and ASE and link-level simulations, it is verified that these asymptotic performance metrics are exclusively influenced by unreliable backhauls, so that the conventional diversity gains are not achievable.
Inflammatory responses to ischemia and reperfusion in the cerebral microcirculation (2004)

Ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) has been shown to elicit an inflammatory response that is characterized by an increased production of reactive oxygen species, and the rolling, firm adhesion, and transendothelial migration of leukocytes in postcapillary venules. A rate-determining role for leukocyte-endothelial cell (L/E) adhesion in the initiation and propagation of reperfusion injury is supported by several reports that describe attenuated microvascular dysfunction and tissue injury following I/R in animals receiving neutralizing antibodies directed against certain leukocyte adhesion receptors and in mutant mice that are genetically deficient in these adhesion receptors The technique of intravital videomicroscopy has been applied to several tissues, including the brain, in order to directly observe the microcirculatory alterations and inflammatory responses that are elicited by I/R. The leukocyte- and platelet-endothelial cell adhesion responses to cerebral I/R are addressed and compared to responses observed in other postischemic vascular beds. The limited data available for the brain microcirculation support the potential of anti-leukocyte and anti-platelet strategies for stroke therapy.
Subspace-based phase noise estimation in OFDM receivers (2015)

In this paper, we consider the problem of channel and phase noise estimation for an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) radio link. We solve this problem by first investigating the subspace in which the phase noise spectral vector lies and then exploiting this information during estimation. Building upon earlier works, the phase noise spectral estimate is obtained by minimizing a homogeneous quadratic cost function and the channel estimate in turns depends on the obtained phase noise estimate. We show that, at infinite signal-to-noise ratio, the true phase noise spectral estimate lies in the null space of the matrix associated with the cost function. We utilize this knowledge by imposing constraints that adhere to this null space when minimizing the cost function. In addition, we also propose constraints based on knowledge of the covariance matrix of the phase noise process. Through simulations, we demonstrate lower phase noise mean-square error (MSE) and consequently lower channel MSE when incorporating the subspace information.
Beyond the Stimulus (2009)

The American public understands that innovation in science and technology is the best guarantor of our economic future. National research budgets are not subsidies but strategic investments to be sustained even in the worst of times. Thanks to the relevant administration and congressional leaders, science has been well served in the stimulus package just signed by President Obama. The $21.5 billion for R&D projects over the next 2 years is the result of compromises based on a variety of opinions as to the proper levels of support for U.S. science. Take funding for the National Institutes of Health (NIH), for example. The House initially proposed that the NIH receive $3.5 billion, whereas the Senate, under the extraordinary leadership of Senator Arlen Specter, proposed $10 billion, the figure in the final bill. So what should the appropriate level of support be beyond the stimulus? Is there a quantifiable rationale beyond more is always better?
ChemInform Abstract: Carbohydrate Mass Spectrometry: a Characterization of Sequence, Linkage and Branching Using ES‐MS and CID (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
TCAD Simulation of a 3D NAND Memory Utilizing In-Ga-Zn-Oxide: "3D OS NAND" with 4 V Drive, High Endurance and Density (2020)

Memory-centric computing has been actively researched for AI application. To achieve this, there are growing demands on memories for high density and high endurance. To demonstrate the application, a variety of emerging memory technologies have been proposed; however, they still have difficulties in achieving a density comparable to NAND flash and in improving endurance. CAAC-IGZO, with a wide bandgap and a heavy hole effective mass, can be applied to a field-effect transistor that is characterized by its extremely-low off-leakage current. Use of CAAC-IGZO FET in non-display fields has been reported in recent years, and 3D NAND utilizing CAAC-IGZO FET has been researched. However, the reported memory cell architecture involves through-dielectric charge trapping in MONOS structures, and has low endurance in the same way as conventional Si-based NAND flash. In view of the above, we propose a 3D OS NAND memory, a vertically-stackable 2Tr-1C memory having CAAC-IGZO FETs. Potentially, this memory not only enjoys main features of NAND flash such as high density and non-volatility, but also achieves a DRAM-like endurance. In this study, we evaluated our novel memory architecture with TCAD Sentaurus produced by Synopsys. The cross section, circuit diagram, and 3D overall structure of the memory cell are shown in Fig. 1(a), Fig. 1(b), and Fig. 1(c), respectively. The 3D OS NAND has a memory cell architecture in which a pair of vertically-positioned transistors on the A-A' plane is connected in series to another pair in the Z-axis direction. Taking advantage of extremely-low off-leakage current of CAAC-IGZO FET, the memory cell is composed of only a switching CAAC-IGZO FET and a MIM capacitor. The timing chart of a string of four memory cells connected in the Z-axis direction is shown in Fig. 1(d). Write operation is performed by sequentially lowering the voltage of WG from the bottom with respect to the Z-axis direction, and read operation is performed by lowering the voltage of CG of the memory cell being read. The retention properties of memory cells to which a checker pattern is written are shown in Fig. 1(e). The device simulation indicates a possibility that a memory cell composed of only an CAAC-IGZO FET and a MIM capacitor achieves a retention time of 109 sec or longer. In this paper, we propose a novel memory architecture with CAAC-IGZO FET by discussing the overview of 3D OS NAND and its write and read performance. Fig. 1(a) Cross section of 3D OS NAND memory cell, (b) circuit diagram of 3D OS NAND memory cell, (c) 3D structure of 3D OS NAND, (d) timing chart of 3D OS NAND, and (d) retention properties of 3D OS NAND Figure 1
Quantitative Gait Measurement With Pulse-Doppler Radar for Passive In-Home Gait Assessment (2014)

In this paper, we propose a pulse-Doppler radar system for in-home gait assessment of older adults. A methodology has been developed to extract gait parameters including walking speed and step time using Doppler radar. The gait parameters have been validated with a Vicon motion capture system in the lab with 13 participants and 158 test runs. The study revealed that for an optimal step recognition and walking speed estimation, a dual radar set up with one radar placed at foot level and the other at torso level is necessary. An excellent absolute agreement with intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.97 was found for step time estimation with the foot level radar. For walking speed, although both radars show excellent consistency they all have a system offset compared to the ground truth due to walking direction with respect to the radar beam. The torso level radar has a better performance (9% offset on average) in the speed estimation compared to the foot level radar (13%-18% offset). Quantitative analysis has been performed to compute the angles causing the systematic error. These lab results demonstrate the capability of the system to be used as a daily gait assessment tool in home environments, useful for fall risk assessment and other health care applications. The system is currently being tested in an unstructured home environment.
Immunoglobulin E and Eosinophil-Dependent Protective Immunity to LarvalOnchocerca volvulusin Mice Immunized with Irradiated Larvae (2004)

Mice immunized with irradiated Onchocerca volvulus third-stage larvae developed protective immunity. Eosinophil levels were elevated in the parasite microenvironment at the time of larval killing, and measurements of total serum antibody levels revealed an increase in the immunoglobulin E (IgE) level in immunized mice. The goal of the present study was to identify the role of granulocytes and antibodies in the protective immune response to the larval stages of O. volvulus in mice immunized with irradiated larvae. Immunity did not develop in mice if granulocytes, including both neutrophils and eosinophils, were eliminated, nor did it develop if only eosinophils were eliminated. Moreover, larvae were killed in naïve interleukin-5 transgenic mice, and the killing coincided with an increase in the number of eosinophils and the eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) level in the animals. To determine if EPO was required for protective immunity, mice that were genetically deficient in EPO were immunized, and there were no differences in the rates of parasite recovery in EPO-deficient mice and wild-type mice. Two mouse strains were used to study B-cell function; micro MT mice lacked all mature B cells, and Xid mice had deficiencies in the B-1 cell population. Immunity did not develop in the micro MT mice but did develop in the Xid mice. Finally, protective immunity was abolished in mice treated to eliminate IgE from the blood. We therefore concluded that IgE and eosinophils are required for adaptive protective immunity to larval O. volvulus in mice.