gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wall-modeled large-eddy simulations of spanwise rotating turbulent channels—Comparing a physics-based approach and a data-based approach (2019)

We develop wall modeling capabilities for large-eddy simulations (LESs) of channel flow subjected to spanwise rotation. The developed models are used for flows at various Reynolds numbers and rotation numbers, with different grid resolutions and in differently sized computational domains. We compare a physics-based approach and a data-based machine learning approach. When pursuing a data-based approach, we use the available direct numerical simulation data as our training data. We highlight the difference between LES wall modeling, where one writes all flow quantities in a coordinate defined by the wall-normal direction and the near-wall flow direction, and Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes modeling, where one writes flow quantities in tensor forms. Pursuing a physics-based approach, we account for system rotation by reformulating the eddy viscosity in the wall model. Employing the reformulated eddy viscosity, the wall model is able to predict the mean flow correctly. Pursuing a data-based approach, we train a fully connected feed-forward neural network (FNN). The FNN is informed about our knowledge (although limited) on the mean flow. We then use the trained FNNs as wall models in wall modeled LES (WMLES) and show that it predicts the mean flow correctly. While it is not the focus of this study, special attention is paid to the problem of log-layer mismatch, which is common in WMLES. Our study shows that log-layer mismatch, or rather, linear-layer mismatch in WMLES of spanwise rotating channels, is not present at high rotation numbers, even when the wall-model/LES matching location is at the first grid point.
Genetic deletion or TWEAK blocking antibody administration reduce atherosclerosis and enhance plaque stability in mice (2014)

Clinical complications associated with atherosclerotic plaques arise from luminal obstruction due to plaque growth or destabilization leading to rupture. Tumour necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 12 (TNFSF12) also known as TNF-related weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) is a proinflammatory cytokine that participates in atherosclerotic plaque development, but its role in plaque stability remains unclear. Using two different approaches, genetic deletion of TNFSF12 and treatment with a TWEAK blocking mAb in atherosclerosis-prone mice, we have analysed the effect of TWEAK inhibition on atherosclerotic plaques progression and stability. Mice lacking both TNFSF12 and Apolipoprotein E (TNFSF12(-/-) ApoE(-/-) ) exhibited a diminished atherosclerotic burden and lesion size in their aorta. Advanced atherosclerotic plaques of TNFSF12(-/-) ApoE(-/-) or anti-TWEAK treated mice exhibited an increase collagen/lipid and vascular smooth muscle cell/macrophage ratios compared with TNFSF12(+/+) ApoE(-/-) control mice, reflecting a more stable plaque phenotype. These changes are related with two different mechanisms, reduction of the inflammatory response (chemokines expression and secretion and nuclear factor kappa B activation) and decrease of metalloproteinase activity in atherosclerotic plaques of TNFSF12(-/-) ApoE(-/-) . A similar phenotype was observed with anti-TWEAK mAb treatment in TNFSF12(+/+) ApoE(-/-) mice. Brachiocephalic arteries were also examined since they exhibit additional features akin to human atherosclerotic plaques associated with instability and rupture. Features of greater plaque stability including augmented collagen/lipid ratio, reduced macrophage content, and less presence of lateral xanthomas, buried caps, medial erosion, intraplaque haemorrhage and calcium content were present in TNFSF12(-/-) ApoE(-/-) or anti-TWEAK treatment in TNFSF12(+/+) ApoE(-/-) mice. Overall, our data indicate that anti-TWEAK treatment has the capacity to diminish proinflamatory response associated with atherosclerotic plaque progression and to alter plaque morphology towards a stable phenotype.
The Transcriptional Response in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells Exposed to Insulin: A Dynamic Gene Expression Approach (2010)

As far as we know, this is the first systematic study in the literature monitoring transcriptional response to insulin in endothelial cells, in a time series microarray experiment. Since chronic hyperinsulinemia contributes to the instability of the atherosclerotic plaque and stimulates cellular proliferation, some of the genes identified in the present work are potential novel candidates in diabetes complications related to endothelial dysfunction.
Proposal of meta‐data in a database for identification using face images (2005)

Abstract This paper proposes the introduction of meta‐data for efficient retrieval of particular personal data from a large‐scale face database. The face index is calculated from the feature parameters of the face, and is defined as the meta‐data. The purpose of this approach is to structure the database and to minimize the number of database matching operations in retrieval, so that the processing efficiency is improved. In this study, (1) Garson's facial index and (2) the three‐point face index are proposed as the face indexes. For verification, an experiment on face index introduction is performed, using an already constructed optical face recognition system, and an efficiency improvement is demonstrated. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 36(3): 53–64, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/scj.10639
Chondroconductive potential of tantalum trabecular metal (2005)

Mesenchymal stem cells or chondrocytes have been implanted into joints in biodegradable matrices in order to improve the quality of healing cartilage defects; however, insufficient biomechanical strength of the construct at implantation is a limiting factor for clinical application. Logically, a construct with better biomechanical characteristics would provide better results. Tantalum trabecular metal (TTM) is osteoconductive and mechanically similar to subchondral bone. The objective of this pilot study was to determine if TTM is also chondroconductive. Small sections of TTM were cultured with emu and canine chondrocytes in static and dynamic culture environments. The sections cultured in dynamic bioreactors were diffusely covered with a cartilaginous matrix. Sections cultured in static conditions had no growth. Histologic evaluation from emu and canine dynamic cultures showed tissue that was heavily populated with mesenchymal cells that resembled chondrocytes, and glycosaminoglycan staining that was distributed throughout the matrix. Type II collagen content in the canine dynamic culture was 84% by SDS-PAGE. Tantalum trabecular metal is chondroconductive in vitro in a dynamic environment when cultured with adult canine or emu chondrocytes. This technology could be expanded to determine if cartilaginous-metallic constructs may be used for joint resurfacing of osteoarthritic joints.
Exploring single-molecule dynamics with fluorescence nanoscopy (2009)

The study of molecular dynamics at the single-molecule level with fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) and far-field optics has contributed greatly to the functional understanding of complex systems. Unfortunately, such studies are restricted to length scales of &gt;200 nm because diffraction does not allow further reduction of the measurement volume. This sets an upper limit on the applicable concentration of fluorescently labeled molecules and even more importantly, averages out details of nanoscale dynamics. By combining FCS and fluorescence intensity distribution analysis (FIDA) with sub-diffractionâresolution stimulated emission depletion (STED) nanoscopy, we remove this restriction and obtain open measurement volumes of nanoscale dimensions which are tunable in size. As a consequence, single-molecule studies can now be extended to nanoscale dynamics and may be applied to much larger, often endogenous concentrations. In solution, low-brightness signal from axial out-of-focus volume shells was taken into account by using both FCS and FIDA in conjunction to analyze the data. In two-dimensional systems, such as lipid membranes, the background is greatly reduced and measurements feature excellent signal-to-noise ratios. Measurement foci of down to 30 nm in diameter directly reveal anomalous diffusion of lipids in the plasma membrane of living cells and allow for the determination of on/off rates of the binding of lipids to other membrane constituents. Such important insight into the prominent biological question of lipid membrane organization or 'lipid rafts' shows that combining fluctuation analysis with STED-engineered ultra-small measurement volumes is a viable and powerful new approach to probing molecular dynamics on the nanoscale.
Rhenium-catalyzed deoxydehydration of renewable triols derived from sugars (2018)

An efficient method for the catalytic deoxydehydration of renewable triols, including those obtained from 5-HMF, is described.
Microfluidics: Three Dimensional, Sheathless, and High‐Throughput Microparticle Inertial Focusing Through Geometry‐Induced Secondary Flows (Small 5/2013) (2013)

The process of single-stream microparticle inertial focusing in a single focal plane without sheath fluids and external forces, all in a high-throughput manner, is described on page 685 by D. Di Carlo and co-workers. The proposed design consists of a low-aspect-ratio straight channel interspersed with a series of constrictions in height arranged orthogonally, making use of two inertial effects: inertial microparticle focusing and geometry-induced secondary flows. A focusing efficiency as high as 99.77% is demonstrated, with a throughput as high as 36 000 particles s−1 for a variety of different sized particles and cells. Cover illustration by Marc Lim.
A New Resonant Bidirectional DC–DC Converter Topology (2014)

This paper presents a new resonant dual active bridge (DAB) topology, which uses a tuned inductor-capacitor-inductor (LCL) network. In comparison to conventional DAB topologies, the proposed topology significantly reduces the bridge currents, lowering both conduction and switching losses and the VA rating associated with the bridges. The performance of the DAB is investigated using a mathematical model under various operating conditions. Experimental results of a 2.5-kW prototype, which has an efficiency of 96% at rated power, are also presented with discussions to demonstrate the improved performance of the tuned LCL DAB topology. Results clearly indicate that the proposed DAB topology offers higher efficiency over a wide range of both input voltage and load in comparison to conventional DAB topologies.
ESD Evaluation of the Emerging MuGFET Technology (2007)

Electrostatic discharge (ESD) characteristics of fully depleted FinFET devices are presented and compared to planar structures manufactured in the same multiple-gate FET Technology. FinFET-type MOS devices in breakdown mode are found to show an unprecedented sensitivity to ESD stress, while planar devices and FinFET gated diodes perform reasonably and with - characteristics beneficial for ESD protection.
NEDD4-like ubiquitin ligase 2 protein (NEDL2) in porcine spermatozoa, oocytes, and preimplantation embryos and its role in oocyte fertilization (2020)

The ubiquitin-proteasome system plays diverse regulatory and homeostatic roles in mammalian reproduction. Ubiquitin ligases are the substrate-specific mediators of ubiquitin-binding to its substrate proteins. The NEDD4-like ubiquitin ligase 2 (aliases NEDL2, HECW2) is a HECT-type ubiquitin ligase that contains one N-terminal HECW ubiquitin ligase domain, one C-terminal HECT ubiquitin ligase domain, one C2 domain, and two WW protein-protein interaction modules. Beyond its predicted ubiquitin-ligase activity, its cellular functions are largely unknown. Current studies were designed to investigate the content and distribution of NEDL2 in porcine spermatozoa, oocytes, zygotes, and early preimplantation embryos, and in cumulus cells before and after in vitro maturation with oocytes, and fibroblast cells as positive control by western blot and immunocytochemistry, and to examine its roles during oocyte fertilization. Multiple isoforms of NEDL2 were identified by WB. One at approximately 52 kDa was detected only in the germinal vesicle (GV) stage and metaphase II oocytes, and in early preimplantation embryos. Other isoforms were high mass bands at 91, 136, and 155 kDa, which were only detected in somatic cells. Interestingly, ejaculated spermatozoa prominently displayed the same 52 kDa band as oocytes; they also had two minor bands of 74 and 129 kDa, which were not detected in somatic cells or oocytes. By immunofluorescence, NEDL2 showed a diffused cytoplasmic localization in all cell types and accumulated in distinct foci in the germinal vesicles (GVs) of immature oocytes, in maternal and paternal pronuclei of zygotes and nuclei of embryo blastomeres and somatic cells. In blastocysts, the labeling intensity of NEDL2 was stronger in the inner cell mass than in trophoblast, indicating higher NEDL2 content in the ICM cells than in trophectoderm. NEDL2 abundance was 10 times higher in post-maturation oocyte-surrounding cumulus cells than that of cumulus cells before in vitro maturation with hormones, indicating that NEDL2 may have a unique role in cumulus cells after ovulation. Microinjection of anti-NEDL2 antibody into oocyte before IVF did not affect the percentage of oocytes fertilized, percentage of oocytes cleaved, or blastocyst formation. However, the anti-NEDL2 antibody decreased the number of pronuclei, accelerated the formation of nuclear precursor bodies at 6 h postfertilization, inhibited sperm DNA decondensation, and resulted in more fertilized oocytes without male pronuclear formation. In summary, NEDL2 may play a key role during fertilization, especially during sperm DNA decondensation.
Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty: Surgical Techniques (2009)

Learning Objectives Understand the sequence of steps involved in exposure and component removal during revision total knee arthroplasty Understand the sequence of steps in revision total knee arthroplasty for reestablishing soft-tissue balance, managing bone loss, and achieving fixation Understand the management of knee stiffness after total knee arthroplasty
Chromosomal localization of SLC12A5/<i>Slc12a5</i>, the human and mouse genes for the neuron-specific K<sup>+</sup>-Cl<sup>–</sup> cotransporter (KCC2) defines a new region of conserved homology (2001)

K(+)-Cl(-) cotransporters (KCCs) constitute a branch of the cation-chloride cotransporter (CCC) family. To date, four KCC isoforms (KCC1-KCC4) have been identified and they all mediate obligatorily coupled, electroneutral transmembrane movement of K(+) and Cl(-) ions. KCC2 (gene symbol SLC12A5) is expressed exclusively in neurons within the central nervous system and abnormalities in its expression have been proposed to play a role in pathological conditions such as epilepsy and neuronal trauma. Here we have determined chromosome location of both the human and the mouse genes encoding KCC2, which may assist in future efforts to determine the contribution of KCC2 to inherited human disorders. We assigned human SLC12A5 to 20q12-->q13.1 and its murine homolog, Slc12a5, to 5G2-G3 by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). These mapping data are contradictory to the previously reported human-mouse conserved synteny relationships disrupting an exceptionally well-conserved homology segment between human Chr 20 and mouse Chr 2. We hence suggest the first region of conserved homology between human Chr 20 and mouse Chr 5.
Synthesis and Characterization of Hyaluronan-Based Polymers for Tissue Engineering (2003)

Hyaluronan (HA) is a naturally occurring, negatively charged high mol-wt glycosaminoglycan (GAG), that is composed of repeated disaccharide units of D-glucuronic acid and N-acetylglucosamine. It is the only GAG that lacks an associated protein moiety and sulfate groups. HA is a highly conserved and widely distributed polysaccharide. In a variety of mammalian tissues, it exerts structural functions because of its peculiar physicochemical properties. Because of its propensity to form highly hydrated and viscous matrices, HA imparts stiffness, resilience, and lubrication to tissues. The unique properties of HA are manifested in its mechanical function in the synovial fluid, the vitreous humor of the eye, and the ability of connective tissue to resist compressive forces, as in articular cartilage.
High Expression of ErbB Family Members and Their Ligands in Lung Adenocarcinomas That Are Sensitive to Inhibition of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (2005)

Recent findings in tumor biopsies from lung adenocarcinoma patients suggest that somatic mutations in the genes encoding epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Kirsten ras (KRAS) confer sensitivity and resistance, respectively, to EGFR inhibition. Here, we provide evidence that these genetic mutations are not sufficient to modulate the biological response of lung adenocarcinoma cells to EGFR inhibition. We found high expression of ErbB family members, ErbB ligands, or both in three models that were sensitive to EGFR inhibition, including alveolar epithelial neoplastic lesions in mice that develop lung adenocarcinoma by oncogenic KRAS, human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines, and tumor biopsies from lung adenocarcinoma patients. Thus, lung adenocarcinoma cells that depend on EGFR for survival constitutively activate the receptor through a combination of genetic mutations and overexpression of EGFR dimeric partners and their ligands.
Newborn screening for Cerebrotendinous Xanthomatosis: A retrospective biomarker study using both flow-injection and UPLC-MS/MS analysis in 20,000 newborns (2022)

Newborn screening for CTX using only metabolite ratios following the measurement of three CTX biomarkers is possible using either FIA-MS/MS or UPLC-MS/MS, which paves the way for introduction of CTX NBS.
DSP based fuzzy controlled 2-wheeler forward converter (2002)

This paper presents the full digital control of a two-wheeler forward power converter using a fuzzy logic approach on a digital signal processor (DSP) based platform. Making use of the human experience and knowledge of the existing behavior of the power converter topology, the performance of the system is investigated and compared by varying the several design parameters of the fuzzy controller. Simulation results of the several control schemes are presented. Experimental results of a 25 W 20 kHz two-wheeler forward power converter prototype system are also shown to verify the proposed control schemes.
Biotin α‐End‐Functionalized Gradient Glycopolymers Synthesized by RAFT Copolymerization (2008)

Abstract Biotinylated gradient glycopolymers have been synthesized via RAFT copolymerization of an acrylamide derivative of galactose with N ‐acryloylmorpholine in the presence of a biotin CTA. The polymerization was controlled with a linear increase in molecular weights up to 80% conversion. Copolymer chains have a gradient microstructure with an increasing proportion of galactose units towards the ω chain end. The presence of the biotin ligand at the α end of the chains was confirmed by 1 H NMR and MALDI‐ToF MS. This strategy based on the use of a biotin‐CTA instead of a post‐polymerization labelling of the chains resulted in a high percentage of α ‐functionalized chains (92–95%). Such α ‐end‐functionalized glycopolymer chains may interact with streptavidin‐modified surfaces. magnified image
Feasibility Study and Fuel Optimal Control Techniques for Constrained Relative Satellite Orbit Geometries (2006)

The majority of recent work in relative satellite motion has concentrated on closed or drifting orbits of a deputy satellite about a chief satellite, assumed to be located at the center of a local reference frame. A problem of interest to mission planners is the ability to “hover” in a prescribed vicinity of a chief satellite for an extended period of time. Recent papers have developed initial methodologies for maintaining restricted tear drop shaped hover orbits that exist in a plane fixed within the chief’s local reference frame. These papers develop a method to utilize the natural drift of the deputy satellite in the relative frame and non-continuous thrust to keep the deputy in a bounded area relative to the chief but do not address fuel-optimality. The research described herein explores fuel optimal trajectories such that the deputy stays within a user-defined area/volume, thus providing a “hover” capability in the vicinity of the chief. The work assumes the linear Clohessy-Wiltshire equations of motion are valid.
(Dielectric Science & Technology Division Thomas D. Callinan Award) Boron Carbon Nitride Thin Films for Low-k Dielectric Interconnect and Optical Applications (2015)

New microprocessor CMOS technologies require interlayer dielectric materials with lower dielectric constant than those used in current technologies to meet RC delay goals and to minimize cross-talk. Silicon oxide or fluorinated silicon oxide (SiOF) materials having dielectric constant in the range of 3.6 to 4 have been used for many technology nodes. In order to meet the aggressive RC delay goals, new technologies require dielectric materials with k &lt; 3. Boron carbide nitride (BCN) shows promise as a low dielectric constant material with good mechanical strength suitable to be used in newer CMOS technologies. BCN ternary system exhibits exceptional properties and attract much attention from mechanical, optical and electronic perspectives. BCN thin films contain interesting phases such as diamond, cubic BN (c-BN), hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), B 4 C, β-C 3 N 4 . Attempts have been made to form a material with semiconducting properties between the semi metallic graphite and the insulating h-BN, or to combine the cubic phases of diamond and c-BN (BC 2 N heterodiamond) in order to merge the higher hardness of the diamond with the advantages of c-BN, in particular with its better chemical resistance to iron and oxygen at elevated temperatures. For optical applications, the deposition of BCN coatings on polymers is a promising method for protecting the polymer surface against wear and scratching. BCN films have high optical transparency and thus can be used as mask substrates for X-ray lithography. In this work, the deposition and characterization of amorphous thin films of boron carbon nitride (BCN) are reported. The BCN thin films were deposited by radio frequency (rf) magnetron sputtering technique. The BCN films were deposited by sputtering from a high purity B 4 C target with the incorporation of nitrogen gas in the sputtering ambient. Films of different compositions were deposited by varying the ratios of argon and nitrogen in the sputtering ambient. Investigation of the oxidation kinetics of these materials was performed to study high temperature compatibility of the material. Both the dielectric and optical properties seem to be sensitive to carbon and nitrogen content in the films.
A Stack of Metal Rings for Reducing Common-Mode Current on a Wire Passing through an Aperture (2005)

Unwanted electromagnetic emission occurs due to the common-mode current on the cables entering a PC's metal enclosure and can be treated as wire antennas passing through the apertures of the enclosure. To reduce the emission, a stack of metal rings is suggested to be placed around the cable and external to the aperture, adopting the concept of a Coaxial Band-Stop Filter, for the first time. The influence of this novel structure on the common-mode current is examined in the FDTD-method frame work.
The microXAS beamline at the swiss light source: Towards nano-scale imaging (2009)

The microXAS beamline is a dedicated hard X-ray microprobe facility allowing a combination of fluorescence, spectroscopy and diffraction techniques in an energy scale from 4 to 23 keV. This paper presents a short review of the beamline, including the recent developments towards nano-scale imaging.