gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tracking the time-varying sparsity of channel coefficients in shallow water acoustic communications (2010)

Sparse estimation techniques typically assume a fixed weighting between the L <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</inf> norm of the coefficients to be estimated, and the L <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> norm of the estimation error. This weighting reflects the sparsity assumption on the distribution of coefficients being estimated, and therefore, is sensitive to potential mismatch with the actual sparsity of the distribution. In this paper, we address this issue from the perspective of tracking the delay-Doppler spread of the shallow water acoustic channel, where the sparsity of the distribution itself is unknown and changes over time. We justify the need to track the sparsity based on simulation results as well as experimental field data collected at 15 meters depth and 200 meters range under moderate to high wind conditions. We propose a heuristic update to the sparsity weighting based on the normalized prediction error, which measures the mismatch between the predicted observation based on the current estimate and the actual observation in the next time step. The proposed heuristic update for the channel sparsity is designed to adapt towards lower values of the normalized prediction error and thus, by design, ensures that the estimator performance increases, or in the worst case, stays stable as the channel sparsity undergoes changes with time.
A potato late blight resistance gene protects against multiple Phytophthora species by recognizing a broadly conserved RXLR-WY effector (2022)

Species of the genus Phytophthora, the plant killer, cause disease and reduce yields in many crop plants. Although many Resistance to Phytophthora infestans (Rpi) genes effective against potato late blight have been cloned, few have been cloned against other Phytophthora species. Most Rpi genes encode nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat-containing (NLR) immune receptor proteins that recognize RXLR (Arg-X-Leu-Arg) effectors. However, whether NLR proteins can recognize RXLR effectors from multiple Phytophthora species has rarely been investigated. Here, we identified a new RXLR-WY effector AVRamr3 from P. infestans that is recognized by Rpi-amr3 from a wild Solanaceae species Solanum americanum. Rpi-amr3 associates with AVRamr3 in planta. AVRamr3 is broadly conserved in many different Phytophthora species, and the recognition of AVRamr3 homologs by Rpi-amr3 activates resistance against multiple Phytophthora pathogens, including the tobacco black shank disease and cacao black pod disease pathogens P. parasitica and P. palmivora. Rpi-amr3 is thus the first characterized resistance gene that acts against P. parasitica or P. palmivora. These findings suggest a novel path to redeploy known R genes against different important plant pathogens.
High-Figure-of-Merit X-Cut Lithium Niobate MEMS Resonators Operating Around 50 MHz for Large Passive Voltage Amplification in Radio Frequency Applications (2020)

This article reports on the modeling, design, fabrication, and testing of high-performance X-cut lithium niobate (LN) laterally vibrating resonators (LVRs) operating around 50 MHz. The objective of this work is to exploit the high figure of merit (FoM)-product of quality factor at series resonance ( Q<sub>s</sub> ) and electromechanical coupling ( k<sub>t</sub><sup>2</sup> )-to provide for large passive voltage amplification in the front end of emerging radio frequency (RF) applications, i.e., wake-up radio receivers (WuRx). Finite-element analysis (FEA) is performed to optimize the devices' geometry and ensure simultaneous high Q<sub>s</sub> and k<sub>t</sub><sup>2</sup> . Resonators exhibiting and % are demonstrated, with FoM >1650-the highest value recorded for resonators in the megahertz range to the best of our knowledge. Finally, passive voltage gains between 35 and 57 V/V are showcased for capacitive loads ranging from 400 fF to 1 pF.
Operator's Recommendation for a Uniform Dull Grading System for Fixed Cutter Hole Enlargement Tools (2011)

Abstract An IADC standard system was defined and implemented in 1987 with revisions in 1992 to standardize and permit the accurate dull grading of fixed cutter bits. Now as hole enlargement is one of the fastest growing sectors of today's drilling industry, there is a greater need for an accurate and uniform dull grading system for fixed cutter hole enlargement tools. Through collaboration between an operator and a bit manufacturer, this new dull grading protocol is being proposed to better characterize hole enlargement tool dull conditions. The method will be described in this paper and will encompass concentric, eccentric, and expandable tools. It will define common elements of hole enlargement tool cutting structures and the dull grades relating to this BHA component as they differ from drill bits. Adoption of this new dull grading system for fixed cutter hole enlargement tools will facilitate an industry-wide standard to more accurately communicate dull conditions. This will enable operators, drilling contractors, and bit manufacturers to improve the tool's design, selection, and operating parameters for future applications.
Bridging the Gap between Detection and Tracking for 3D Monocular Video-Based Motion Capture (2007)

We combine detection and tracking techniques to achieve robust 3-D motion recovery of people seen from arbitrary viewpoints by a single and potentially moving camera. We rely on detecting key postures, which can be done reliably, using a motion model to infer 3-D poses between consecutive detections, and finally refining them over the whole sequence using a generative model. We demonstrate our approach in the case of people walking against cluttered backgrounds and filmed using a moving camera, which precludes the use of simple background subtraction techniques. In this case, the easy-to-detect posture is the one that occurs at the end of each step when people have their legs furthest apart.
Coordinate transcriptional induction of myo‐inositol metabolism during environmental stress (1996)

The pathway from glucose 6-phosphate (G 6-P) to myoinositol 1-phosphate (Ins 1-P) and myo-inositol (Ins) is essential for the synthesis of various metabolites. In the halophyte Mesembryanthemum crystallinum (common ice plant), two enzymes, myo-inositol O-methyltransferase (IMT1) and ononitol epimerase (OEP1), extend this pathway and lead to the accumulation of methylated inositols, D-ononitol and D-pinitol, which serve as osmoprotectants. This paper describes transcripts for the enzyme, Inps1, encoding myo-inositol 1-phosphate synthase (INPS1), from the ice plant. Two Inps-like sequences are present in the genome. The deduced amino acid sequences of the cloned transcript are 49.5% and 87-90%, respectively, identical to those of yeast and other higher plant sequences. Inps1 RNA amounts are upregulated at least fivefold and amounts of free Ins accumulate approximately 10-fold during salinity stress. Inps1 induction is by transcription, similar to the induction of Imt1. In contrast, Arabidopsis thaliana does not show upregulation of Inps1 or increased amounts of Ins when salt-stressed. The lack of Inps1 induction in Arabidopsis exemplifies differences in glycophytic and halophytic regulation of gene expression at the point of entry into a pathway that leads to osmoprotection. The stress-induced coordinate upregulation of this pathway and its extension by novel enzymes in the ice plant also highlights biochemical differences.
Fluorine-Doped IrO2: A Potential Electrocatalyst for Water Electrolysis (2013)

Using an ab initio approach, fluorine-doped IrO2 IrO2:F has been studied for the first time for its electrocatalytic activity and ability to serve as an electrocatalyst in PEM-based electrolyzers. Detailed study conducted of all the intermediate steps during the electrolytic water splitting demonstrates an improved catalytic activity of IrO2 doped with fluorine in comparison with pure undoped iridium oxide which has been confirmed by the appropriate experimental study exhibiting 20% increase in the catalytic activity of IrO2:F vs pure IrO2. The study allows one to conclude that fluorine-doped iridium oxide could be a promising oxygen evolution electrocatalyst for PEM-based water electrolysis.
Large scale, robust, and accurate whole transcriptome profiling from clinical formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples (2020)

Transcriptome profiling can provide information of great value in clinical decision-making, yet RNA from readily available formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue is often too degraded for quality sequencing. To assess the clinical utility of FFPE-derived RNA, we performed ribo-deplete RNA extractions on > 3200 FFPE slide samples; 25 of these had direct FFPE vs. fresh frozen (FF) replicates, 57 were sequenced in 2 different labs, 87 underwent multiple library analyses, and 16 had direct microdissected vs. macrodissected replicates. Poly-A versus ribo-depletion RNA extraction methods were compared using transcriptomes of TCGA cohort and 3116 FFPE samples. Compared to FF, FFPE transcripts coding for nuclear/cytoplasmic proteins involved in DNA packaging, replication, and protein synthesis were detected at lower rates and zinc finger family transcripts were of poorer quality. The greatest difference in extraction methods was in histone transcripts which typically lack poly-A tails. Encouragingly, the overall sequencing success rate was 81%. Exome coverage was highly concordant in direct FFPE and FF replicates, with 98% agreement in coding exon coverage and a median correlation of whole transcriptome profiles of 0.95. We provide strong rationale for clinical use of FFPE-derived RNA based on the robustness, reproducibility, and consistency of whole transcriptome profiling.
Inducible phenotypic multidrug resistance in the fungus Mucor racemosus (1985)

The dimorphic fungus Mucor racemosus exhibited a single-step, inducible resistance to cycloheximide, trichodermin, and amphotericin B. Cells adapted to inhibitory levels of the antibiotics after 12 to 40 h. The adaptation involved all the cells in the population and was not the result of the selection of resistant mutants. Adaptation to one drug provided cross resistance to other, dissimilar drugs. Resistance was lost within several generations of growth in the absence of the inhibitors.
Real-time Incremental Speech-to-Speech Translation of Dialogs (2012)

In a conventional telephone conversation between two speakers of the same language, the interaction is real-time and the speakers process the information stream incrementally. In this work, we address the problem of incremental speech-to-speech translation (S2S) that enables cross-lingual communication between two remote participants over a telephone. We investigate the problem in a novel real-time Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) based S2S framework. The speech translation is performed incrementally based on generation of partial hypotheses from speech recognition. We describe the statistical models comprising the S2S system and the SIP architecture for enabling real-time two-way cross-lingual dialog. We present dialog experiments performed in this framework and study the tradeoff in accuracy versus latency in incremental speech translation. Experimental results demonstrate that high quality translations can be generated with the incremental approach with approximately half the latency associated with nonincremental approach. 1
ChemInform Abstract: FREE‐RADICAL DIAZOCOUPLING. A NEW GENERAL REACTION OF DIAZONIUM SALTS (1982)

Abstract In Gegenwart von Ti‐ oder Fe‐Salzen erhält man aus den Diazoniumsalzen (I) und: Alkyliodiden (II) über diskutierte radikalische Zwischenstufen die Aryl‐alkyl‐diazene (III) und Alkyliodide (IV).
EEG Microstates as a Signature of Hemispheric Lateralization in Stroke (2023)

Stroke recovery trajectories vary substantially. The need for tracking and prognostic biomarkers in stroke is utmost for prognostic and rehabilitative goals: electroencephalography (EEG) advanced signal analysis may provide useful tools toward this aim. EEG microstates quantify changes in configuration of neuronal generators of short-lasting periods of coordinated synchronized communication within large-scale brain networks: this feature is expected to be impaired in stroke. To characterize the spatio-temporal signatures of EEG microstates in stroke survivors in the acute/subacute phase, EEG microstate analysis was performed in 51 first-ever ischemic stroke survivors [(28-82) years, 24 with right hemisphere (RH) lesion] who underwent a resting-state EEG recording in the acute and subacute phase (from 48 h up to 42 days after the event). Microstates were characterized based on 4 parameters: global explained variance (GEV), mean duration, occurrences per second, and percentage of coverage. Wilcoxon Rank Sum tests were performed to compare features of each microstate across the two groups [i.e., left hemisphere (LH) and right hemisphere (RH) stroke survivors]. The canonical microstate map D, characterized by a mostly frontal topography, displayed greater GEV, occurrence per second, and percentage of coverage in LH than in RH stroke survivors (p < 0.05). The EEG microstate map B, with a left-frontal to right-posterior topography, and F, with an occipital-to-frontal topography, exhibited a greater GEV in RH than in LH stroke survivors (p = 0.015). EEG microstates identified specific topographic maps which characterize stroke survivors' lesioned hemisphere in the acute and early subacute phase. Microstate features offer an additional tool to identify different neural reorganization.
Non-Isothermal Degradation and Kinetics Studies of Some Quinaldine Azo Dye Complexes (2013)

4-(R-Phenylazo)-2-methyl quinoline derivatives form (1:1) complexes with nickel chloride, nickel acetate and copper acetate which were syntheses. The three complexes are non-electrolyte in dimethylsulfoxide (DMF). The results of electronic and magnetic measurements show that these complexes are of octahedral structures. The oxygen and nitrogen donate their lone-pair electrons to metal ion to form chelates with formula [MLRm.nH2O]. The relative stabilities of the complexes have been calculated from TG curve using Coats-Redfern and Ozawa methods.
Mapping Optimisation for Scalable Multi-core ARchiTecture: The MOSART Approach (2010)

The project will address two main challenges of prevailing architectures: 1) The global interconnect and memory bottleneck due to a single, globally shared memory with high access times and power consumption, 2) The difficulties in programming heterogeneous, multi-core platforms, in particular in dynamically managing data structures in distributed memory. MOSART aims to overcome these through a multi-core architecture with distributed memory organisation, a Network-on-Chip (NoC) communication backbone and configurable processing cores that are scaled, optimised and customised together to achieve diverse energy, performance, cost and size requirements of different classes of applications. MOSART achieves this by: A) Providing platform support for management of abstract data structures including middleware services and a run-time data manager for NoC based communication infrastructure, 2) Developing tool support for parallelizing and mapping application son the multi-core target platform and customizing the processing cores for the application.
Lyophilization induces alterations in cryptococcal exopolysaccharide resulting in reduced antibody binding (2022)

Abstract The structural, antigenic, and immunological characterization of microbial polysaccharides requires purification that often involves detergent precipitation and lyophilization. Here we examine physicochemical changes induced by lyophilization on exopolysaccharide (EPS) of the pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans . Solution 1 H NMR reveals significant anomeric signal attenuation following lyophilization of native EPS while 1 H ssNMR shows few changes, suggesting diminished molecular motion and consequent broadening of 1 H NMR polysaccharide resonances. 13 C ssNMR, dynamic light scattering, and transmission electron microscopy show that, while native EPS has rigid molecular characteristics and contains small, loosely packed polysaccharide assemblies, lyophilized and resuspended EPS is disordered and contains larger dense rosette-like aggregates, suggesting that structural water molecules in the interior of the polysaccharide assemblies are removed during extensive lyophilization. Importantly, mAbs to C. neoformans polysaccharide binds the native EPS more strongly than lyophilized EPS. Together, these observations argue for caution when interpreting the biological and immunological attributes of polysaccharides that have been lyophilized to dryness.
New Frequency-Time Scheduling Algorithms for 3GPP/LTE-like OFDMA Air Interface in the Downlink (2008)

This paper proposes new frequency-time schedulers for 3GPP/LTE-like system in the downlink. 3GPP/LTE DL is OFDMA-based with adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) and frequency-time scheduling to enhance spectral efficiency and aggregate system throughput. Time-frequency scheduling and AMC can be implemented jointly or separately i.e. sequentially AMC after scheduling. Two novel schedulers are proposed in this paper with respectively joint and separate implementation of scheduling and AMC. Through system level performance evaluation, results show that the first scheduler with separate AMC and scheduling implementation outperforms the second scheduler (with joint AMC implementation) in terms of trade off between fairness and capacity and implementation complexity.
Role of Reaction Time on the Electrical Conductivity, Thermal Stability and Photoluminescence Property of Polyanilne Nanofibers (2019)

Abstract Direct evidence of the control of yield, thermal stability and photoluminescence property of the polyaniline (PANI) nanofibers have been reported by systematically varying the reaction time in the range of 2–6 hours (h) in the synthesis process. Both FTIR and UV–visible spectra revealed the formation of PANI fibers for all synthesis batches. The mass of the obtained PANI was increased with the increase of reaction time from 2 to 6 h. FESEM data confirmed the formation of PANI in nanofibers form for all the synthesis batches. TGA data showed that the highest thermal stability of PANI nanofibers could be obtained for the 4 h reaction time. PL data indeed showed the variation of luminescence intensity of PANI with the reaction time which indicate the formation of different quality fibers in terms of their π conjugation. Thus the three main results can be summarized: one is the increase of PANI fibers yield and another two are the thermal stability and luminescence property modification which shows that such properties of PANI can be controlled by varying the reaction time of the synthesis process.
Vacuum Packaging for Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) (2002)

The Vacuum Packaging for MEMS Program focused on the development of an integrated set of packaging technologies which in totality provide a low cost, high volume product-neutral vacuum packaging capability which addresses all MEMS vacuum packaging requirements. The program balanced the need for near term component and wafer-level vacuum packaging with the development of advanced high density wafer-level packaging solutions. Three vacuum packaging approaches were pursued: large area component level; 4"/6" wafer-level; and wafer-level microshell encapsulation. The program focused on packaging for MEMS accelerometers and gyros; IR MEMS a-Si microbolometer and ferroelectric detectors; and RF MEMS resonators. Successful demonstrations were accomplished with IR MEMS microbolometers in sub 10 mTorr vacuum packages, inertial MEMS resonant accelerometers in sub 200 mTorr vacuum packages and an RF MEMS resonator demonstration. In addition to the successful demonstrations, numerous component and wafer-level vacuum packages passed extensive MIL standard environmental tests.
Quantitative analysis for peripheral vascularity assessment based on clinical photoacoustic and ultrasound images (2018)

Photoacoustic (PA) imaging technology is expected to be applied to clinical assessment for peripheral vascularity. We started a clinical evaluation with the prototype PA imaging system we recently developed. Prototype PA imaging system was composed with in-house Q-switched Alexandrite laser system which emits short-pulsed laser with 750 nm wavelength, handheld ultrasound transducer where illumination optics were integrated and signal processing for PA image reconstruction implemented in the clinical ultrasound (US) system. For the purpose of quantitative assessment of PA images, an image analyzing function has been developed and applied to clinical PA images. In this analyzing function, vascularity derived from PA signal intensity ranged for prescribed threshold was defined as a numerical index of vessel fulfillment and calculated for the prescribed region of interest (ROI). Skin surface was automatically detected by utilizing B-mode image acquired simultaneously with PA image. Skinsurface position is utilized to place the ROI objectively while avoiding unwanted signals such as artifacts which were imposed due to melanin pigment in the epidermal layer which absorbs laser emission and generates strong PA signals. Multiple images were available to support the scanned image set for 3D viewing. PA images for several fingers of patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) were quantitatively assessed. Since the artifact region is trimmed off in PA images, the visibility of vessels with rather low PA signal intensity on the 3D projection image was enhanced and the reliability of the quantitative analysis was improved.
Recent Progress of Photonic-Crystal Surface-Emitting Lasers (2023)

フォトニック結晶面発光レーザー（PCSEL）は、既存の半導体レーザーの欠点、すなわち、高ビーム品質・高出力動作（＝高輝度動作）が困難であるとい欠点を克服し、他の大型レーザー（CO2 レーザーやファイバレーザ―等）を一新する可能性をもつとともに、2次元ビーム走査や任意のビーム形状を生成させることが可能という高機能性をも有する。本報告では、PCSELの高輝度と高機能動作について、最新の成果について報告するとともに、スマートモビリティやスマート製造に代表されるSociety 5.0実現に向けた展望を述べる。
Alkylation of Phenylglycinol-Derived Oxazolopiperidone Lactams. Enantioselective Synthesis of β-Substituted Piperidines (2006)

The stereochemical outcome of the alkylation of a variety of phenylglycinol-derived oxazolopiperidone lactams is studied. The influence of the configuration of the C-8a stereocenter and the effect of the substituents at the C-8 and C-8a positions on the stereoselectivity of the reaction are discussed. The synthetic utility of these alkylation reactions is illustrated with the synthesis of cis and trans 3,5-disubstituted, 2,5-disubstituted, and 2,3,5-trisubstituted enantiopure piperidines, and the indole alkaloids 20R- and 20S-dihydrocleavamine.