gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of Stop/Start Engine Combustion and Restart Control for Gasoline Direct Injection Automatic Transmission Application (2014)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Stop/Start technology for conventional automatic transmissions has recently received considerable attention in the automotive industry due to the potential fuel economy, and CO&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; emission reduction, benefit at minimal cost. Stop/Start was first developed for manual transmission applications in the EU and Japanese markets. When stop/start is applied to any automatic transmission powertrain the powertrain control challenge is to restart the engine in a manner that simultaneously minimizes the delay in transferring torque to the driven wheel(s) and provides a consistently smooth launch feel with low NVH. It has recently been shown that stop/start can be added to a gas engine powertrain with a conventional torque converter automatic transmission while achieving the desired launch characteristics with minimal change to the powertrain hardware and cost. This paper describes some of the powertrain control challenges that were addressed in the development of a stop/start system for conventional torque converter based automatic transmission applications. In particular the paper describes the stop/start restart engine and transmission characteristics that need to be addressed and provides a detailed description of the gasoline direct injection engine combustion and restart controls that were developed to support the goal of delivering consistently smooth and fast launch performance.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Synthesis of 2,3-Unsaturated Glycosides and Disaccharides via Ruthenium(III) Chloride Catalyzed Ferrier Glycosylation (2014)

A facile and stereoselective method for Ferrier glycosylation was developed using ruthenium(III) chloride. Using this protocol, the glycal donor reacted smoothly with several acceptors comprising different functionalities to afford corresponding 2,3-unsaturated glycosides in good to excellent yields.
Study of a Renin Inhibitor: SR 42128A in Conscious Sodium-Deficient Dogs (1986)

s: Groupe Hypertension de la Société Français de Cardiologie, Journées de L'Hypertension Artérielle: Oral Papers: PDF Only
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Vapor Deposition of Copper from (Hexafluoroacetylacetonato)( alkyne)copper(I) Complexes via Disproportionation. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Nonlinear Cognitive Signal Processing in Ultralow-Power Programmable Analog Hardware (2015)

This brief presents a programmable ultralow-power analog neural signal processing system. The analog hardware implements a nonlinear model that can replicate and predict, in real time, the temporal neural codes used in complex brain functions. The transistors of the analog circuits operate in weak inversion. A digital control system is used to program model parameters and calibrate mismatches. The chip was implemented in a 130-nm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor technology and occupies an area of 1 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The power consumption of the system is 120 nW. The modular design allows for easy scaling to achieve large-scale hardware systems that emulate spike transformations of populations of neurons.
1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic Acid Enhances Phytoestrogen Accumulation in Soy Plants (Glycine max L.) by Its Acceleration of the Isoflavone Biosynthetic Pathway (2023)

The low levels of bioactive metabolites in target plants present a bottleneck for the functional food industry. The major disadvantage of soy leaves is their low phytoestrogen content despite the fact that these leaves are an enriched source of flavonols. Our study demonstrated that simple foliar spraying with 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) significantly enhanced the phytoestrogen contents of the whole soy plant, including its leaves (27-fold), stalks (3-fold), and roots (4-fold). In particular, ACC continued to accelerate the biosynthesis pathway of isoflavones in the leaves for up to 3 days after treatment, from 580 to 15,439 μg/g. The detailed changes in the levels of this metabolite in soy leaves are disclosed by quantitative and metabolomic analyses based on HPLC and UPLC-ESI-TOF/MS. The PLS-DA score plot, S-plot, and heatmap provide comprehensive evidence to clearly distinguish the effect of ACC treatment. ACC was also proved to activate a series of structural genes (<i>CHS</i>, <i>CHR</i>, <i>CHI</i>, <i>IFS</i>, <i>HID</i>, <i>IF7GT</i>, and <i>IF7MaT</i>) along the isoflavone biosynthesis pathway time-dependently. In particular, ACC oxidase genes were turned on 12 h after ACC treatment, which was rationalized to start activating the synthetic pathway of isoflavones.
pH-Induced Volume-Phase Transition of Hydrogels Containing Sulfonamide Side Group by Reversible Crystal Formation (2001)

Hydrogels composed of N,N-dimethylacrylamide and a sulfonamide monomer (SDM, pKa = 6.17) derived from sulfadimethoxine exhibited a pH-induced volume-phase transition in water. This resulted from pH-dependent ionization/deionization of the sulfonamide group and reversible side group crystallization (physical cross-linking). The pH-dependent equilibrium swelling pattern was controlled by the polymer composition. At higher SDM content, a higher transition pH and a larger and sharper transition were observed, leading to almost discontinuous swelling transition of a gel containing 40 mol % SDM around the physiological pH. It is evident that side group crystallization was primarily responsible for such a sharp transition, influenced by temperature-induced chain flexibility and associated with hydrogen bonding between un-ionized sulfonamide groups. However, after crystal melting at 70 °C, the pH dependency in swelling was well-preserved but with reduced sharpness, suggesting a partial role of hydrophobic interaction in the pH-induced volume-phase transition.
Transmission techniques for relay-interference networks (2008)

In this paper we study the relay-interference wireless network, in which relay (helper) nodes are to facilitate competing information flows over a wireless network. We examine this in the context of a deterministic wireless interaction model, which eliminates the channel noise and focuses on the signal interactions. Using this model, we show that almost all the known schemes such as interference suppression, interference alignment and interference separation are necessary for relay-interference networks. In addition, we discover a new interference management technique, which we call interference neutralization, which allows for over-the-air interference removal, without the transmitters having complete access the interfering signals. We show that interference separation, suppression, and neutralization arise in a fundamental manner, since we show complete characterizations for special configurations of the relay-interference network.
Function of adenovirus terminal protein in the initiation of DNA replication. (1982)

An early event in the initiation of adenovirus DNA replication is the formation of a covalent complex between the 87,000-dalton adenovirus terminal protein precursor and 5'- dCMP (pTP-dCMP complex). Nuclear extracts prepared from adenovirus-infected HeLa cells catalyzed complex formation in the presence of ATP, Mg2+, and adenovirus DNA-protein complex but were not active when Pronase-treated DNA was used as template. The activity has been partially purified by chromatography on denatured DNA-cellulose and used to examine whether the 55,000-dalton terminal protein on adenovirus DNA is required for pTP-dCMP complex formation. Results obtained with either DNA-protein complex or Pronase-treated DNA were identical to those obtained using crude nuclear extracts. However, after treatment with piperidine to remove residual peptides. Pronase-treated DNA supported complex formation with the partially purified activity but not with the crude extracts. In addition, when a plasmid containing an origin of adenovirus DNA replication was used as template, the pTP-dCMP complex was formed provided the plasmid was linearized in such a way that the origin was located at the end of the molecule. Neither linearized plasmid DNA with an internal origin nor supercoiled plasmid DNA supported complex formation. Furthermore, after heat denaturation, the linear plasmid DNA still supported complex formation, again provided that the origin was located at the end of the molecule. The partially purified protein fraction supported a limited amount of DNA chain elongation, which permitted exact positioning of the initiation site. These results suggest that enzymes responsible for complex formation recognize a DNA sequence at the origin and that the terminal protein on the template DNA plays a subordinate role.
Structure and Ligand-Based Design of mTOR and PI3-Kinase Inhibitors Leading to the Clinical Candidates VS-5584 (SB2343) and SB2602 (2014)

Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) act as critical effectors in a commonly deregulated cell signaling pathway in human cancers. The abnormal activation of the PI3K/mTOR pathway has been shown to play a role in initiation, progression, and metastasis of human tumors. Being one of the most frequently activated pathways in cancer, much effort has been directed toward inhibition of the PI3K/mTOR pathway as a novel oncology therapy. Previous work by a number of groups has revealed several selective PI3K and dual mTOR/PI3K inhibitors. However, there are few reports of therapeutic agents with a pan-PI3K/mTOR inhibitory profile within a narrow concentration range. We therefore initiated a drug discovery project with the aim of discovering dual mTOR/PI3K inhibitors which would equipotently inhibit the 4 isoforms of PI3K, α, β, γ, and δ, and mTOR a compelling profile for powerful blockage of the PI3K/mTOR pathway. A pharmacophore model was generated and used for designing a series of novel compounds, based on a purine scaffold, which potently inhibited mTOR and PI3Ks. These compounds contained a phenol headgroup essential for binding to the target proteins. Early efforts concentrated on finding replacements for the phenol as it was rapidly conjugated resulting in a short half-life in vivo. Compounds with a variety of headgroups were docked into the PI3Kα and mTOR ATP-binding sites, and aminopyrimidine and aminopyrazine were found to make excellent phenol replacements. Further structure guided optimization of side chains in the 8- and 9-positions of the purine resulted in potent inhibitors with good PKDM properties. As the PI3 kinases play a role in insulin signaling, it is believed that targeting mTOR selectively may give the benefit of blocking the AKT-pathway while avoiding the potential side effects associated with PI3K inhibition. As a result we designed a further series of selective mTOR kinase inhibitors. The project was successfully concluded by progressing both a dual mTOR/PI3K inhibitor, SB2343, and a selective mTOR inhibitor, SB2602, into preclinical development. SB2343 has since entered phase 1 clinical development as VS-5584.
Knowledge Benchmarks in Adversarial Mechanism Design (Part I) and Implementation in Surviving Strategies (Part I) (2008)

We put forward new benchmarks and solution concepts for Adversarial Mechanism Design, as defined by [MV07.a], and we exemplify them in the case of truly combinatorial auctions.We benchmark the combined performance (the sum of the auction's effciency and revenue)of a truly combinatorial auction against a very relevant but private knowledge of the players: essentially, the maximum revenue that the best informed player could guarantee if he were the seller. (I.e., by offering each other player a subset of the goods for a take-it-or-leave-it price.) We achieve this natural benchmark within a factor of 2, by means of a new and probabilisticauction mechanism, in KNOWLINGLY SURVIVING STRATEGIES. That is, the above performance of our mechanism is guaranteed in any rational play, independent of any possible beliefs of the players. Indeed, our performance guarantee holds for any possible choice of strategies, so long as each player chooses a strategy among those surviving iterated elimination of knowingly dominated strategies.Our mechanism is extremely robust. Namely, its performance guarantees hold even if all but one of the players collude (together or in separate groups) in any possible but reasonable way. Essentially, the only restriction for the collective utility function of a collusive subset S of the players is the following: the collective utility increases when one member of S is allocated asubset of the goods "individually better" for him and/or his "individual price" is smaller, while the allocations and prices of all other members of S stay the same.Our results improve on the yet unpublished ones of [MV07.b]. The second part of this paper, dealing with a more aggressive benchmark (essentially, the maximum welfare privately known to the players) is forthcoming.
A new versatile high power Intelligent Power Module (IPM) for EV and HEV Applications (2015)

Power Modules have been generally proliferated in all kind of applications to increase controllability and efficiency as key objectives. Motor drives and inverters for automotive are emerging markets and imply special requirements focusing on reliability, performance, functionality and module construction. Employing Carrier Stored Trench Gate Bipolar Transistors chip and a more compact packaging technology 800A / 650V and 500A /1200V class Intelligent Power Module with integrated DC/DC converter and further improved thermal cycling capability has been developed.
Molecular dynamics simulations give insight into d-glucose dioxidation at C2 and C3 by Agaricus meleagris pyranose dehydrogenase (2013)

The flavin-dependent sugar oxidoreductase pyranose dehydrogenase (PDH) from the plant litter-degrading fungus Agaricus meleagris oxidizes D-glucose (GLC) efficiently at positions C2 and C3. The closely related pyranose 2-oxidase (P2O) from Trametes multicolor oxidizes GLC only at position C2. Consequently, the electron output per molecule GLC is twofold for PDH compared to P2O making it a promising catalyst for bioelectrochemistry or for introducing novel carbonyl functionalities into sugars. The aim of this study was to rationalize the mechanism of GLC dioxidation employing molecular dynamics simulations of GLC-PDH interactions. Shape complementarity through nonpolar van der Waals interactions was identified as the main driving force for GLC binding. Together with a very diverse hydrogen-bonding pattern, this has the potential to explain the experimentally observed promiscuity of PDH towards different sugars. Based on geometrical analysis, we propose a similar reaction mechanism as in P2O involving a general base proton abstraction, stabilization of the transition state, an alkoxide intermediate, through interaction with a protonated catalytic histidine followed by a hydride transfer to the flavin N5 atom. Our data suggest that the presence of the two potential catalytic bases His-512 and His-556 increases the versatility of the enzyme, by employing the most suitably oriented base depending on the substrate and its orientation in the active site. Our findings corroborate and rationalize the experimentally observed dioxidation of GLC by PDH and its promiscuity towards different sugars.
Uncertainty Quantification of Michaelis-Menten Kinetic Rates and Its Application to the Analysis of CRISPR-Based Diagnostics (2022)

Michaelis-Menten kinetics is an essential model to rationalize enzyme reactions. The quantification of Michaelis-Menten parameters can be very challenging as it is sensitive to even small experimental errors. We here present a quantification of the uncertainty inherent to the experimental determination of kinetic rate parameters for enzymatic reactions. We study the influence of several sources of uncertainty and bias, including the inner filter effect, pipetting errors, number of points in the Michaelis-Menten curve, and flat-field correction. Using Monte Carlo simulations and analyses of experimental data, we compute typical uncertainties of k_cat, K_M, and catalytic efficiency k_cat/K_M. As a salient example, we analyze the extraction of such parameters for CRISPR-Cas systems. CRISPR diagnostics have recently attracted much interest and yet reports of these enzymatic kinetic rates have been highly unreliable and inconsistent.
Detection of Chlamydophila pneumoniae in the bone marrow of two patients with unexplained chronic anaemia (2004)

Anaemia of chronic disease (ACD) is a common finding involving iron deficiency and signs of inflammation. Here, we report on two patients with ACD where a persistent infection with Chlamydophila (Chlamydia) pneumoniae (CP) was detected in bone marrow (BM) biopsies. Infection was suspected by routine cytology and confirmed by immunofluorescence, electron microscopy, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) including different primer sets and laboratories and sequencing of the PCR product. This is a first report of chlamydial presence in the BM of anaemic patients. The cases are presented because persistent chlamydial infection may contribute more frequently to chronic refractory anaemia than previously suspected.
Control of Uterine Estrogen Receptor Levels by Progesterone (1976)

The mechanism by which progesterone antagonizes estrogenic stimulation of uterine growth was examined in the immature rat. Rats received daily injections of 2.5 mug estradiol (E) for 2 days and on day 3 either 2.5 mug E or 2.5 mug E plus 2.5 mg of progesterone (P). The quantity of nuclear and cytoplasmic estrogen receptor was determined by [3H]estradiol exchange at various intervals after injection of E or E + P. In both groups, nuclear receptor estrogen complex (RnE) increased dramtically one hour after injection and showed a gradual decline from 4 to 24 h after injection. The quantity of cytoplasmic receptor, Rc, decreased to low levels by one hour and began a gradual increase from 4 to 8 h in both groups. However, between 8 and 24 h after injection, the level of Rc continued to increase in the E treatment group (2.39 +/- 0.21 pmol/uterus at 24 h) but remained at the 8 h level in the E + P group (1.09 +/- 0.04 pmol/uterus at 24 h). This observation suggests that two seperate processes are involved in the replenishment of Rc and that progesterone inhibits the second phase of replenishment. The binding affinity and specificity of Rc for estrogens following E + P pretreatment were identical to those of the E pretreatment group. Therefore, P does not alter the binding properties but rather the intrauterine level of Rc. Treatment with E on day 4, when Rc levels differ between E and E + P groups, stimulated uterine weight and protein content on day 5 in the E pretreatment group. However, minimal stimulation was observed in the E + P pretreatment group. The quantity of RnE and the time of nuclear retention of RnE following E injection on day 4 was greater in the E group than in the E + P group. The effect of progesterone on Rc replenishment was dose-dependent (range, 0.1-2.5 mg; 1/2 maximal, 0.5 mg). Injection of testosterone propionate (1.0 mg), a weak estrogen antagonist, with E on day 3 resulted in slightly reduced levels of Rc on day 4. This reduction also correlated with a reduced sensitivity to treatment with E on day 4. These data, together with previous studies from our laboratory, suggest that progesterone and other estrogen antagonists such as nafoxidine and testosterone propionate inhibit estrogen action by interfering with the replenishment of Rc, thereby reducing the number of receptor estrogen complexes that are translocated and retained by uterine nuclei.
[Xenotranplantation and porcine endogenous retroviruses]. (2011)

Xenotransplantation using pigs as the transplant source has the potential to resolve the severe shortage of human organ donors. Pig production is a very well controlled process and a high sanitary status for pig products is relatively easy to achieve allowing the production of pathogen free animals (SPF). However, whereas human genome express no more active endogenous retrovirus, pigs genomes posses several full length endogenous retroviral copies (PERV), which are still active. Evidences of PERV infection of human cell lines in vitro have been provided, highlighting the potential risk of cross-species infection associated with the use of porcine tissues in human. Further works have demonstrated that PERV risks are similar to the risk associated with other gammaretroviruses particularly for the integration of the proviral genome in the host's genome with a strong affinity for CpG islands and transcription start sites. Different technical solutions for the containment of this zoonotic risk are briefly presented.
Estimation of the hindered settling function R(ϕ) from batch‐settling tests (2005)

Abstract The hindered settling function R(ϕ) is a material function that quantifies the interphase drag of colloidal suspensions for all solids volume fractions ϕ. A method is presented to estimate R(ϕ) from batch‐settling tests for solids volume fractions between the initial solids volume fraction, ϕ 0 , and the solids volume fraction at which the suspension forms a continuously networked structure, ϕ g , known as the gel point. The method is based on an analytic solution of the associated inverse problem. Techniques are presented to address initialization mechanics observed in such tests as well as experimental noise and discrete data. Analysis of synthetic and experimental data suggests that accurate estimates of R(ϕ) are possible in most cases. These results provide scope for characterization of suspension dewaterability from batch‐settling tests alone. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2005
Supplementary Data from The Oncoprotein SF2/ASF Promotes Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Survival by Enhancing Survivin Expression (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figures S1-S3 and Supplementary Tables S1-S2.&lt;/p&gt;
Automated Scanning and Individual Identification System for Parts without Marking or Tagging (2018)

This paper presents a fully automated system for detecting, classifying, microscopic imaging, and individually identifying multiple parts without ID-marking or tagging. The system is beneficial for product assemblers, who handle multiple types of parts simultaneously. They can ensure traceability quite easily by only placing the parts freely on the system platform. The system captures microscopic images of parts as their "fingerprints," which are matched with pre-registered images in a database to identify an individual part's information such as its serial number. We demonstrate a working prototype and interaction scenario.