gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transduction of an HLA-DP4–restricted NY-ESO-1–specific TCR into Primary Human CD4+ Lymphocytes (2006)

cDNAs encoding functional T cell receptor (TCR) alpha and beta chains from a CD4+ T cell line (SG6) generated by repeated stimulation of a melanoma patient's peripheral blood mononuclear cells with HLA-DP4-restricted, NY-ESO-1-specific peptide p161-180 were cloned using a 5'rapid amplification of cDNA end method. Three different TCR alpha chains and 7 TCR beta chains were found among the 84 alpha and 162 beta cDNA clones tested. By screening different combination of the alpha/beta chains using RNA electroporation, TRAV9-1 (Valpha22.1) and TRBV20-1 (Vbeta2) were found to be the functional pair in line SG6. Antibody blocking experiments confirmed that the specificity of TRAV9-1/TRBV20-1 mRNA-transfected T cells were CD4 dependent and HLA-DP4 restricted. A retroviral vector expressing both TRAV9-1 and TRBV20-1 was constructed and used for transduction of OKT3-stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes from melanoma patients. TCR-transduced CD4 T cells were capable of recognizing peptide-pulsed antigen-presenting cells (Epstein-Barr virus transformed B-cells, dendritic cells, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells), and protein-pulsed dendritic cells. Transduced cells were also capable of proliferation upon peptide stimulation and recognized peptide concentrations that were recognized by the parental line (0.2 microM). In contrast to SG6, which could not recognize human tumors, TCR-transduced CD4 T cells could specifically recognize NY-ESO-1/HLA-DP4-expressing melanoma cells. Major histocompatibility complex class II TCR-transduced CD4 T cells provides an alternative source of tumor antigen-specific T cells for adoptive immunotherapy of cancer patients.
CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS FOR CRASH AVOIDANCE COUNTERMEASURES IMPLEMENTATION (1994)

In this paper, the authors propose that in order to understand the true potential of crash technologies to improve real world safety, the social, legal, consumer value and driver behavior aspects of these countermeasures must be considered as well as purely technical issues. The total system performance in controlled conditions needs to be studied in order to quantify potential benefits. The authors contend that a comprehensive science of crash avoidance is needed to enable the effective estimation of the safety impact of these features and then assess their real world crash value.
“Learning on a chip:” Microfluidics for formal and informal science education (2019)

Microfluidics is a technique for the handling of small volumes of liquids on the order of picoliters to nanoliters and has impact for miniaturized biomedical science and fundamental research. Because of its multi- and interdisciplinary nature (i.e., combining the fields of biology, chemistry, physics, and engineering), microfluidics offers much potential for educational applications, both at the university level as well as primary and secondary education. Microfluidics is also an ideal "tool" to enthuse and educate members of the general public about the interdisciplinary aspects of modern sciences, including concepts of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics subjects such as (bio)engineering, chemistry, and biomedical sciences. Here, we provide an overview of approaches that have been taken to make microfluidics accessible for formal and informal learning. We also point out future avenues and desired developments. At the extreme ends, we can distinguish between projects that teach how to build microfluidic devices vs projects that make various microscopic phenomena (e.g., low Reynolds number hydrodynamics, microbiology) accessible to learners and the general public. Microfluidics also enables educators to make experiments low-cost and scalable, and thereby widely accessible. Our goal for this review is to assist academic researchers working in the field of microfluidics and lab-on-a-chip technologies as well as educators with translating research from the laboratory into the lecture hall, teaching laboratory, or public sphere.
Impurity Control in Catalyst Design: The Role of Sodium in Promoting and Stabilizing Co and Co2C for Syngas Conversion (2020)

Abstract The design of supported heterogeneous catalysts requires a detailed understanding of the structure and chemistry of the active surface. Although the chemical components of the active phase, support material, and process feed are typically considered to be the most important factors governing catalyst structure and performance, many common commercial supports contain trace impurities, which can have profound effects on catalyst properties. In this work, we study silica‐supported cobalt‐based catalysts, which are widely used in syngas conversion to value‐added products. Supported metallic Co is a commercial Fischer‐Tropsch catalyst, whereas Co 2 C has shown promise for the direct conversion of syngas to higher oxygenates. This study examines the effects of Na, a commonly detected support impurity and a frequently used promoter, on the structure and reactivity of Co and Co 2 C. We show that trace Na impurities significantly decrease catalyst activity of supported metallic Co, and that high Na concentrations result in Co 2 C formation and a loss in Fischer‐Tropsch activity. However, in Co 2 C catalysts, Na plays an important role in stabilizing the Co 2 C phase, but excess Na decreases catalyst activity. We use in situ X‐ray absorption spectroscopy to study Co 2 C formation and decomposition in the Na‐free catalyst under carburization and reaction conditions. The work reveals the importance of carefully controlling alkali metal content, particularly at trace levels, in catalyst design.
2334-PUB: Evolution of the Designs of the Sitagliptin (SITA) Pediatric Clinical Studies (2019)

Approved antihyperglycemic therapies for pediatric patients with T2D are currently limited to metformin (MET) and insulin. SITA is being evaluated in 3 studies in patients 10-17 years of age with T2D: SITA as initial oral therapy, MK-0431 P083; SITA as add-on to MET administered as a fixed dose combination (FDC), MK-0431A P170; and SITA as add-on to MET extended-release administered as a FDC of SITA and MET XR, MK-0431A XR P289. The studies, conducted to fulfill post-marketing requirements, and a Pediatric Investigation Plan (EU), were initiated between 2011 and 2013; enrollment completed in 2018. Study protocols were amended since initiation to accommodate regulatory agency requirements, reduce patient burden related to study conduct, and improve patient accrual. Major amendments to the protocols, their rationales, and their impacts are summarized (Table) and demonstrate the flexibility that may be required to enroll such studies. The impact on enrollment of 2 amendments common to all 3 studies were quantifiable. Of patients randomized after approval of an amendment that broadened the A1C entry criterion (from lower limit of 7.0% to 6.5%), ∼34% in P083, ∼20% in P170 and ∼20% in P289 had a baseline A1C between 6.5% and 6.9%. Of patients randomized after approval of an amendment to include patients on background insulin, 11% of patients in P083, 22% in P170, and 19% in P289 enrolled on background insulin. Disclosure R. Shankar: Employee; Spouse/Partner; AstraZeneca. Employee; Self; Merck &amp; Co., Inc. Employee; Spouse/Partner; NGM Biopharmaceuticals. V.P. Pozharskaya: Employee; Self; Merck &amp; Co., Inc. K. Leight: Employee; Self; Merck &amp; Co., Inc. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Merck &amp; Co., Inc. R.S. Newfield: Research Support; Self; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Daiichi Sankyo Company, Limited, Eli Lilly and Company, University of California and Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego. A. Deeb: None. R. Garcia: None. C.A. Rosario: None. C.K. Saha: Research Support; Self; Indiana University School of Medicine. N. Shehadeh: Advisory Panel; Self; AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Novo Nordisk Inc., Sanofi-Aventis. Speaker's Bureau; Self; Eli Lilly and Company, Merck Sharp &amp; Dohme Corp. Y. Samoilova: None. S.S. Engel: Employee; Self; Merck &amp; Co., Inc. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Merck &amp; Co., Inc. M.Y. Jalaludin: Advisory Panel; Self; Novo Nordisk Inc. Research Support; Self; Merck Sharp &amp; Dohme Corp., Novo Nordisk Inc. P. Zeitler: Consultant; Self; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, Janssen Research &amp; Development, Merck &amp; Co., Inc., Novo Nordisk Inc. K.D. Kaufman: Employee; Self; Merck &amp; Co., Inc. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Merck &amp; Co., Inc. Funding Merck &amp; Co., Inc.
Evidence for allergen‐specific IgE of maternal origin in human placenta (2009)

Background: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) has been identified on macrophage‐like cells in the villi of human placenta, irrespective of the serum IgE levels or allergy status of the mother. The origin of placental IgE is debated and it is not known if it is spontaneously produced, so‐called ‘natural IgE’, or if it has any specificity for certain allergens. The aim of this study was to investigate if placental IgE originates from mother or child and to analyse its specificity. Methods: Immunoglobulin E was eluted from placenta by lowering the pH. Total and allergen‐specific IgEs were measured in placenta eluate, maternal and cord blood plasma by means of ImmunoCAP (Phadia AB). The levels of natural antibodies were determined with an anti‐phosphorylcholine (PC) enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, as natural IgE has been shown in one previous publication with this assay. Results: Detectable amounts of IgE were eluted from 11/12 full‐term placentas. Natural (anti‐PC) IgE antibodies were detected in low amounts in maternal plasma but not in the placental eluate or in cord blood plasma. There was a significant correlation between the amount of total IgE eluted from placenta and the levels of total IgE in maternal plasma; however, not between maternal and cord blood plasma. Allergen‐specific IgE was only found in placental eluates from mothers with specific IgE towards these allergens. Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between the amount of allergen‐specific IgE eluted from placenta and the levels of allergen‐specific IgE in maternal plasma. Allergen‐specific IgE could not be detected in cord blood. Conclusion: These results suggest a maternal origin of placental IgE, which can be allergen‐specific.
Studies on epidermal growth factor receptor signaling in vertebrate limb patterning (2005)

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) regulates multiple patterning events in Drosophila limb development, but its role in vertebrate limb morphogenesis has received little attention. The EGFR and several of its ligands are expressed in developing vertebrate limbs in manners consistent with potential patterning roles. To gain insight into functions of EGFR signaling in vertebrate limb development, we expressed a constitutively active EGFR in developing chick limbs in ovo. Expression of activated EGFR causes pre- and postaxial polydactyly, including mirror-image-type digit duplication, likely due to induction of ectopic expression and/or modulation of genes involved in anterior-posterior (AP) patterning such as Sonic hedgehog (Shh), dHand, Patched (Ptc), Gli3, Hoxd13, Hoxd11, bone morphogenetic protein 2 (Bmp2), Gremlin, and FGF4. Activation of EGFR signaling dorsalizes the limb and alters expression of the dorsal-ventral (DV) patterning genes Wnt7a, Lmx, and En1. Ectopic and/or extended FGF8 expressing apical ectodermal ridges (AERs) are also seen. Interdigital regression is inhibited and the digits fail to separate, leading to syndactyly, likely due to antiapoptotic and pro-proliferative effects of activated EGFR signaling on limb mesoderm, and/or attenuation of interdigital Bmp4 expression. These findings suggest potential roles for EGFR signaling in AP and DV patterning, AER formation, and cell survival during limb morphogenesis.
Maximizing Thermal Energy Recovery from Drinking Water for Cooling Purpose (2021)

Drinking water distribution networks (DWDNs) have a huge potential for cold thermal energy recovery (TED). TED can provide cooling for buildings and spaces with high cooling requirements as an alternative for traditional cooling, reduce usage of electricity or fossil fuel, and thus TED helps reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. There is no research on the environmental assessment of TED systems, and no standards are available for the maximum temperature limit (Tmax) after recovery of cold. During cold recovery, the water temperature increases, and water at the customer’s tap may be warmer as a result. Previous research showed that increasing Tmax up to 30 °C is safe in terms of microbiological risks. The present research was carried out to determine what raising Tmax would entail in terms of energy savings, GHG emission reduction and water temperature dynamics during transport. For this purpose, a full-scale TED system in Amsterdam was used as a benchmark, where Tmax is currently set at 15 °C. Tmax was theoretically set at 20, 25 and 30 °C to calculate energy savings and CO2 emission reduction and for water temperature modeling during transport after cold recovery. Results showed that by raising Tmax from the current 15 °C to 20, 25 and 30 °C, the retrievable cooling energy and GHG emission reduction could be increased by 250, 425 and 600%, respectively. The drinking water temperature model predicted that within a distance of 4 km after TED, water temperature resembles that of the surrounding subsurface soil. Hence, a higher Tmax will substantially increase the TED potential of DWDN while keeping the same comfort level at the customer’s tap.
The SEMATECH Berkeley MET: Bridging the gap to 16-nm half pitch development (2010)

Microfield exposure tools (METs) play a crucial role in the development of extreme ultraviolet (UV) resists and masks.One of these tools is the SEMATECH Berkeley 0.3 numerical aperture (NA) MET.Using conventional illumination, this tool is limited to approximately 22-nm half pitch resolution.However, using a method would prefer to as pseudo phase-shift mask we can mitigate both optic and mask limits to resolution.We demonstrate the use of this method for the characterization of a variety of resists with and without chemical amplification.Patterning capabilities down to have pitches of 18 nm and below are shown with this method.The highest resolution was achieved in a new image of ball hard mask which also supports contact printing down to 22 nm with conventional illumination.Along with resolution, line-edge roughness is another crucial hurdle facing EUV resists.It has recently been shown that the mask can be a significant contributor to LER.We show that a new generation EUV masks with 100 pm of substrate roughness can achieve correlated LER values of 1.1 nm, which represents a 3x improvement over the correlated LER of her older generation EUV masks having a substrate roughness of 230 pm.Finally we will discuss the capabilities of a proposed 0.5-NA MET that would address the needs of EUV development and 16-nm node and beyond.The tool will support an ultimate resolution of 8 nm half-pitch and generalize printing using conventional illumination down to 12 nm half pitch.
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Leukotoxin (2010)

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is a Gram-negative bacterium that colonizes the human oral cavity and is the causative agent for localized aggressive periodontitis (LAP), an aggressive form of periodontal disease that occurs in adolescents. A. actinomycetemcomitans secretes a protein toxin, leukotoxin (LtxA), which helps the bacterium evade the host immune response during infection. LtxA is a membrane-active toxin that specifically targets white blood cells (WBCs). In this review, we discuss recent developments in this field, including the identification and characterization of genes and proteins involved in secretion, regulation of LtxA, biosynthesis, newly described activities of LtxA, and how LtxA may be used as a therapy for the treatment of diseases.
Near IR Continuous Wavelength Spectroscopy of Photon Emissions from Semiconductor Devices (2003)

Abstract A spectroscopic photon emission microscope (SPEM) which is capable of high resolution spectroscopy for a continuous wavelength range between 300 nm to 1700 nm has been developed. Photon emissions were observed at energy levels below silicon bandgap from pn junctions and MOSFET devices at different biases. The experimental results indicate significant emission activity in this range. It was also found that the spectra is closely correlated to the electric fields present in the devices.
Nonlinearity measurements of thin films by third-harmonic-generation microscopy (2002)

We show that the electronic part of the nonlinear susceptibility chi(3) of thin films can be easily measured by third harmonic microscopy. The phenomenon of third harmonic generation (THG) is excited by a femtosecond laser beam focused at the interface between the thin film and a reference layer. The value of chi(3) is deduced from the THG intensity measurements with the help of a classical model. The validity of this simple and alternative method is established by testing reference liquid films.
Characterisation of a monoclonal antibody and its use to purify the cytotoxin ofHelicobacter pylori (1998)

The vacuolating cytotoxin (VacA) is a major virulence factor of Helicobacter pylori which is not yet well characterised and is difficult to obtain in large quantities. Here we describe the production of a monoclonal antibody that recognises the native but not the denatured form of VacA. The antibody can be efficiently used in affinity chromatography for one-step purification of large quantities of VacA from culture supernatants. Elution at acidic pH dissociates the oligomeric molecule into monomers that reanneal in a time-dependent fashion. The purified cytotoxin is able to bind, and to intoxicate HeLa cells.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of the Morphane Skeleton from 4‐Acetamidocyclohexanone. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
<title>Design and manufacturability tradeoffs in unidirectional and bidirectional standard cell layouts in 14 nm node</title> (2012)

The 14 nm node is seeing the dominant use of three-dimensional FinFET architectures, local interconnects, multiple patterning processes and restricted design rules. With the adoption of these new process technologies and design styles, it becomes necessary to rethink the standard cell library design methodologies that proved successful in the past. In this paper, we compare the design efficiency and manufacturability of standard cell libraries that use either unidirectional or bidirectional Metal 1. In contrast to previous nodes, a 14 nm 9-track unidirectional standard cell layout results in up to 20% lower energy-delay-area product as compared to the 9-track bidirectional standard cell layout. Manufacturability assessment shows that the unidirectional standard cell layouts save one exposure on Metal 1, reduces process variability by 10% and layout construct count by 2-3X. As a result, the unidirectional standard cell layout could serve as a key enabler for affordable scaling.
Jacobian singularities in optimal power flow problems caused by intertemporal constraints (2013)

In multi-timestep Optimal Power Flow (OPF) formulations, constraints that are time-dependent such as generator ramp limits and specifically energy storage constraints may cause the Jacobian matrix to become singular as the problem iterates towards the optimal solution. The particular case of this singularity happens when the gradients of the binding intertemporal constraints are linearly dependent. Methods such as using a Moore-Penrose pseudoinverse or modifying the models used in the optimization are discussed along with novel methods developed in this paper that avoid the singular Jacobian by exploiting the specific structure of the problem and constraints.
The Brain Health Support Program: A web‐based interactive platform to increase dementia literacy and awareness regarding lifestyle factors in at‐risk individuals (2020)

Abstract Background Prior studies have reported that older adults can benefit from formal educational programs about dementia. Participating in an online educational program focusing on risk and protective factors could potentially increase participants’ dementia literacy, empowerment, and engagement in brain health promotion, which in turn could reduce their dementia risk. The goal is to develop a comprehensive, compelling, and evidence‐based online educational program on risk and protective factors for dementia. Method The Brain Health Support Program is being developed as part of the Canadian Consortium on Neurodegeneration in Aging CAN‐Thumbs‐Up initiative. The program is designed to improve dementia literacy, promote lifestyle changes in at‐risk individuals who are cognitively intact or have mild cognitive impairment, and evaluate its effectiveness. Results The content is based on the epidemiological literature on risk and protective factors for dementia. The format is determined from a review of web‐based educational programs for older adults and is co‐created with experts, stakeholders and citizen advisors. The program contains eight interactive modules with new content provided weekly over a 12‐month period. The modules contain general information and tips on modifiable risk factors including diet, physical activity, cognitively stimulating activity, sleep, vascular health, social and psychological factors, vision and hearing, as well as information on dementia, stigma, and stereotypes. Participants have access to an individualized risk profile to determine personal goals and are given feedback on lifestyle changes. Content is available in French and English. Changes in dementia literacy, self‐efficacy, attitudes toward dementia and modifiable risk factors will be collected from the platform. Conclusion Providing access to scientifically validated education through an interactive web‐based platform is expected to have a positive effect on participants’ attitude, engagement in brain health behaviours and dementia literacy. It might also increase readiness to change and maintain positive lifestyle changes. The content and format are co‐created with users and stakeholders, which should increase its relevance and facilitate future implementation.
Improved Manufacturability of AlGaAs/GaAs Pnp Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors (2007)

Specially designed Pnp heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBT's) in the AlGaAs/GaAs material system can offer improved radiation response over commercially-available silicon bipolar junction transistors (BJT's). To be a viable alternative to the silicon Pnp BJT, improvements to the manufacturability of the HBT were required. Utilization of a Pd/Ge/Au non-spiking ohmic contact to the base and implementation of a PECVD silicon nitride hard mask for wet etch control were the primary developments that led to a more reliable fabrication process. The implementation of the silicon nitride hard mask and the subsequent process improvements increased the average electrical yield from 43% to 90%.