gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Therma-wave dose sensitivity considerations, including energy dependence (2003)

Therma-wave (TW) dose measurement is one of the standard technologies used in the semiconductor field to monitor the process of ion implantation. One of the main advantages of this technique, in addition to its nondestructiveness and the lack of additional processing, is the wide range of implant conditions (dose and energy) over which the technique is effective. However, it has long been recognized that there can be substantial variations in the dose sensitivity of this technique depending on the TW value. The plot of dose sensitivity (defined as % change TW / % change dose) vs. therma wave value results in a "V" shaped function, usually demonstrating a minimum value near 600-700 therma wave units. This dose sensitivity minimum can significantly effect the ability to properly monitor implant dose variations near this minimum. In order to better characterize this sensitivity variation, a matrix of wafers was implanted with variations in both dose and energy with sufficient dose resolution to provide useful sensitivity data. The variation in dose for boron implants was from 5/spl times/10/sup 11/ to 1/spl times/10/sup 14/ ions/cm/sup 2/ and in energy from 3 to 500 keV. Wafers were also implanted with phosphorus and arsenic over a similar dose range with somewhat different variations in the energy range. The basic sensitivity characteristic reported in the literature was demonstrated with a "V" shaped pattern being evident. What was unexpectedly observed was that there was a change in the value of the minimum of the sensitivity as the implant energy was varied. For the conditions studied there was a significant change in the minimum sensitivity value as the implant energy was changed, ranging from 0.083 at 3 keV to 0.223 at 2 MeV. In addition it appeared that the location of the minimum, with respect to the TW value may have also shifted, varying from near 500 TW units to almost 700 TW units. The significance of these variations in the therma wave sensitivity response at different energies is discussed along with possible causes.
Enhanced Robustness To Unvoiced Speech And Noise In The Dypsa Algorithm For Identification Of Glottal Closure Instants (2007)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Poznan, Poland, 2007
ROS responsive resveratrol delivery from LDLR peptide conjugated PLA-coated mesoporous silica nanoparticles across the blood–brain barrier (2018)

These ROS responsive LDLR peptides conjugated PLA-coated MSNPs have great potential for oxidative stress therapy in CNS.
Tumor-Infiltrating CD4+ T Lymphocytes Express APO2 Ligand (APO2L)/TRAIL upon Specific Stimulation with Autologous Lung Carcinoma Cells: Role of IFN-α on APO2L/TRAIL Expression and -Mediated Cytotoxicity (2002)

In the present report, we have investigated TRAIL/APO2 ligand (APO2L) expression, regulation, and function in human lung carcinoma tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Using a panel of non-small cell lung carcinoma cell lines, we first showed that most of them expressed TRAIL-R1/DR4, TRAIL-R2/DR5, but not TRAIL-R3/DcR1 and TRAIL-R4/DcR2, and were susceptible to APO2L/TRAIL-induced cell death. Two APO2L/TRAIL-sensitive tumor cell lines (MHC class I(+)/II(+) or I(+)/II(-)) were selected and specific CD4(+) HLA-DR- or CD8(+) HLA-A2-restricted CTL clones were respectively isolated from autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Interestingly, although the established T cell clones did not constitutively express detectable levels of APO2L/TRAIL, engagement of their TCR via activation with specific tumor cells selectively induced profound APO2L/TRAIL expression on the CD4(+), but not on the CD8(+), CTL clones. Furthermore, as opposed to the CD8(+) CTL clone which mainly used granule exocytosis pathway, the CD4(+) CTL clone lysed the specific target via both perforin/granzymes and APO2L/TRAIL-mediated mechanisms. The latter cytotoxicity correlated with APO2L/TRAIL expression and was significantly enhanced in the presence of IFN-alpha. More interestingly, in vivo studies performed in SCID/nonobese diabetic mice transplanted with autologous tumor and transferred with the specific CD4(+) CTL clone in combination with IFN-alpha resulted in an important APO2L/TRAIL-mediated tumor growth inhibition, which was prohibited by soluble TRAIL-R2. Our findings suggest that APO2L/TRAIL, specifically induced by autologous tumor and up-regulated by IFN-alpha, may be a key mediator of tumor-specific CD4(+) CTL-mediated cell death and point to a potent role of this T cell subset in tumor growth control.
Analysis of Stiff Markov Chains (1989)

Continuous-time Markov chains (CTMC) are widely used mathematical models. Reliability models, queueing networks, and inventory models all require transient solutions of CTMC. The cost of CTMC transient solution increases with size, stiffness, and mission time. To eliminate stiffness and reduce the cost of solution, approximation techniques have been proposed. In this paper, we describe a software package for the specification and solution of stiff CTMC. As an interface, we use a language for the description of Markov chains. The language also provides facilities for controlling the solution procedure. Both exact and approximate solution techniques are provided. To conclude the paper, we use several examples to show the use of our specification language and the utility of our approximation technique. INFORMS Journal on Computing, ISSN 1091-9856, was published as ORSA Journal on Computing from 1989 to 1995 under ISSN 0899-1499.
Discovering word senses from text (2002)

Inventories of manually compiled dictionaries usually serve as a source for word senses. However, they often include many rare senses while missing corpus/domain-specific senses. We present a clustering algorithm called CBC (Clustering By Committee) that automatically discovers word senses from text. It initially discovers a set of tight clusters called committees that are well scattered in the similarity space. The centroid of the members of a committee is used as the feature vector of the cluster. We proceed by assigning words to their most similar clusters. After assigning an element to a cluster, we remove their overlapping features from the element. This allows CBC to discover the less frequent senses of a word and to avoid discovering duplicate senses. Each cluster that a word belongs to represents one of its senses. We also present an evaluation methodology for automatically measuring the precision and recall of discovered senses.
Formation, Removal, and Inhibition of Inorganic Scale in the Oilfield Environment (2008)

Scale buildup can have serious operational consequences. Formation, Removal and Inhibition of Organic Scale in the Oilfield Environment gives an overview of the science and technology of scale formation, removal, and inhibition to a general technical audience, with emphasis placed on the basic chemical and mechanical principles for scale control. Learn about the environment in which damaging scales occur and the technical aspects of scale management from an upstream oil and gas industry perspective. The text and more than 100 illustrations describe aspects of inorganic scales, including the chemical driving forces for scale formation, methods for removing and preventing scale, and the mathematical methods behind engineering guidelines, along with a discussion of best practices and case histories for control of the various types of inorganic deposits.
Cardiotoxicity model-based patient selection for Hodgkin lymphoma proton therapy (2022)

While a statistically significant clinical benefit is theoretically expected for ischemic heart disease, cardiac heart failure and valvular disease for mediastinal HL patients with IMPT, the overall cardiotoxicity risk reduction is notable only for a minority of patients. In the context of limited IMPT availability, this study proposed a general model-based selection approach for mediastinal HL patient based on calculated cardiotoxicity reduction, taking into consideration patient clinical characteristics and IMPT facility availability.
Protective effect of snake venom antibodies in sera of previous snake bite victims (1983)

Three out of seven serum samples from Ecuadorian Indians had very high antibody levels against Bothrops nasutus venom, and IgG concentrates of these sera effectively neutralized this venom when subsequently injected into mice. It is concluded that the high mortality rate among these Indians would be even higher if there were not such natural protection. Further research into active immunization of humans should be encouraged.
All you need is feedback: Communication with block attention feedback codes (2022)

Deep learning based channel code designs have recently gained interest as an alternative to conventional coding algorithms, particularly for channels for which existing codes do not provide effective solutions. Communication over a feedback channel is one such problem, for which promising results have recently been obtained by employing various deep learning architectures. In this paper, we introduce a novel learning-aided code design for feedback channels, called generalized block attention feedback (GBAF) codes, which i) employs a modular architecture that can be implemented using different neural network architectures; ii) provides order-of-magnitude improvements in the probability of error compared to existing designs; and iii) can transmit at desired code rates.
Kokosmonoglyceridsulfat ‐ Ein Aniontensid für Kosmetische Formulierungen (1996)

Abstract Über einen neu entwickelten Herstellprozeß läßt sich Kokosmonoglyceridsulfat (CMGS) in hohen Ausbeuten durch kontinuierliche Sulfierung von Kokosmonoglycerid mit SO 3 ‐Gas gewinnen. Das Verfahren arbeitet lösungsmittelfrei. Das bei der Neutralisation des Produkts entstandene Natriumsulfat läßt sich über ein ebenfalls lösungsmittelfreies Membranverfahren bei Bedarf abtrennen. CMGS ist ein gut schäumendes Aniontensid, das hinreichend verdickbar ist. Es zeichnet sich aus durch eine gute Haut‐ und Schleimhautverträglichkeit und ergibt synergistische Kombinationen mit Alkylpolyglykosiden (APG®). Cocomonoglyceride sulfate ‐ an anionic surfactant for cosmetic formulations. A new manufacturing process was developed for the production of cocomonoglyceride is sulfate (CMGS) in high yields. In this process cocomonoglyceride is sulfated with gaseous SO 3 continuously to produce the desired product. No solvent is required in the sulfation step. Sodium sulfate, which is produced during the neutralization step after sulfation, can be removed by using a new membrane technique. CMGS exhibits a high foaming power. In surfactant formulations its viscosity can easily be adjusted. It is very mild to the skin and shows synergistic effects in combination with alkyl polyglycosides (APG®).
Transcriptional regulation, occurrence and putative role of the Pht family of Streptococcus pneumoniae (2010)

Restricted to the genus Streptococcus, the Pht protein family comprises four members: PhtA, PhtB, PhtD and PhtE. This family has the potential to provide a protein candidate for incorporation in pneumococcal vaccines. Based on sequence analysis and on RT-PCR experiments, we show here that the pht genes are organized in tandem but that their expression, except that of phtD, is monocistronic. PhtD, PhtE, PhtB and PhtA are present in 100, 97, 81 and 62 % of the strains, respectively, and, by analysing its sequence conservation across 107 pneumococcal strains, we showed that PhtD displays very little variability. To analyse the physiological function of these proteins, several mutants were constructed. The quadruple Pht-deficient mutant was not able to grow in a poor culture medium, but the addition of Zn(2+) or Mn(2+) restored its growth capacity. Moreover, the phtD mRNA expression level increased when the culture medium was depleted in zinc. Therefore, we suggest that these proteins are zinc and manganese scavengers, and are able to store these metals and to release them when the bacterium faces an ion-restricted environment. The data also showed that this protein family, and more particularly PhtD, is a promising candidate to be incorporated into pneumococcal vaccines.
Al 2 O 3 – Al 2 O 3 and Al 2 O 3 – Ti Solder Joints—Influence of Ceramic Metallization and Thermal Pretreatment on Joint Properties (2012)

In this work, Al 2 O 3 – Al 2 O 3 and Al 2 O 3 – Ti solder joints intended for space applications were realized by applying metallic multilayers both on Ti and on polycrystalline Al 2 O 3 substrates to ensure wetting during the soldering process. The eutectic Au‐12Ge (wt%) alloy with a melting point of 361°C was used as solder material and two different multilayer systems on the ceramic ( Cr‐Ni / Ti‐W / Au , Ti / Pt / Au ) were investigated. The influence of different thermal pretreatments of the Al 2 O 3 plates on the multilayer properties, the interface reactions during soldering and the mechanical properties were studied using Glow‐Discharge Optical Emission Spectroscopy ( GDOES ), X‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy ( XPS ), Scanning Electron Microscopy ( SEM ) and a shear test device. It is shown that joints with a good quality can be produced at a soldering temperature of 400°C, whereas their properties and fracture behavior are strongly dependent on the metallization layer properties and the thermal pretreatments.
High-Fidelity Per-Flow Delay Measurements With Reference Latency Interpolation (2012)

New applications such as soft real-time data center applications, algorithmic trading, and high-performance computing require extremely low latency (in microseconds) from networks. Network operators today lack sufficient fine-grain measurement tools to detect, localize, and repair delay spikes that cause application service level agreement (SLA) violations. A recently proposed solution called LDA provides a scalable way to obtain latency, but only provides aggregate measurements. However, debugging application-specific problems requires per-flow measurements since different flows may exhibit significantly different characteristics even when they are traversing the same link. To enable fine-grained per-flow measurements in routers, we propose a new scalable architecture called reference latency interpolation (RLI) that is based on our observation that packets potentially belonging to different flows that are closely spaced to each other exhibit similar delay properties. In our evaluation using simulations over real traces, we show that while having small overhead, RLI achieves a median relative error of 12% and one to two orders of magnitude higher accuracy than previous per-flow measurement solutions. We also observe RLI achieves as high accuracy as LDA in aggregate latency estimation, and RLI outperforms LDA in standard deviation estimation.
A Multi-Band Magneto-Electric Dipole Antenna With Wide Beam-Width (2020)

A multi-band and wide beam-width magneto-electric (ME) dipole antenna is proposed in this report. The proposed antenna has a simple structure, which consists of four $\Gamma $ -shaped electric plates which can change the current distribution and realize four operating frequency bands. To explain the characteristics of the proposed antenna, some key parameters are analyzed in detail. The multi-band antenna can realize the operating frequency bands (the reflection coefficient ≤ -10 dB) from 1.86 to 1.92 GHz (3.2%) in the first frequency band, from 2.30 to 2.65 GHz (14.2%) in the second frequency band, from 3.40 to 3.80 GHz (11.1%) in the third frequency band, and from 5.30 to 6.92 GHz (26.5%) in the fourth frequency band, respectively. The measured results are in good agreement with the simulated ones by fabricating and measuring the proposed antenna. It is a good method to realize the performances of the quad-band and wide beam-width with a simple structure.
Multi-Wavelength Optical Fiber Refractive Index Profiling by Spatially Resolved Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (2009)

We describe a non-destructive technique to measure an optical fiber’s refractive index profile with sub-µm spatial resolution over a wavelength range spanning more than one octave (from 480 to 1040 nm) in a single measurement.
Constructing Mutants in Serotype 1 <em>Streptococcus pneumoniae</em> strain 519/43 (2020)

Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 1 remains a huge problem in low-and-middle income countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Despite its importance, studies in this serotype have been hindered by the lack of genetic tools to modify it. In this study, we describe a method to genetically modify a serotype 1 clinical isolate (strain 519/43). Interestingly, this was achieved by exploiting the Pneumococcus’ ability to naturally acquire DNA. However, unlike most pneumococci, the use of linear DNA was not successful; to mutate this important strain, a suicide plasmid had to be used. This methodology has provided the means for a deeper understanding of this elusive serotype, both in terms of its biology and pathogenicity. To validate the method, the major known pneumococcal toxin, pneumolysin, was mutated because it has a well-known and easy to follow phenotype. We showed that the mutant, as expected, lost its ability to lyse red blood cells. By being able to mutate an important gene in the serotype of interest, we were able to observe different phenotypes for loss of function mutants upon intraperitoneal and intranasal infections from the ones observed for other serotypes. In summary, this study proves that strain 519/43 (serotype 1) can be genetically modified.
694 NC410 is a novel immunomedicine for the treatment of solid tumors (2020)

<h3>Background</h3> Abnormalities in the extracellular matrix of tumor microenvironments support tumor progression, lead to immune dysfunction, and provide a target for cancer therapeutics. Collagens are a primary component of the extracellular matrix. Abnormal levels of collagen and of the collagen-domain containing complement component 1q (C1q) in tumor microenvironments has been proposed to disrupt anti-tumor immunity. LAIR-1 is an adhesion molecule and inhibitory receptor expressed on the cell surface of several immune cell subsets. LAIR-1 binding to collagen-like domains present in collagens and C1q inhibit immune cell function. LAIR-2 is a soluble homolog of LAIR-1 that binds to and outcompetes LAIR-1 binding to collagens and C1q and serves as a natural decoy to promote immune function. <h3>Methods</h3> Taking advantage of a natural decoy system, we designed a protein biologic, NC410, composed of LAIR-2 fused with a functional IgG1 Fc domain to target collagen-rich tumors and promote immune activation, infiltration and effector function. <h3>Results</h3> NC410 has increased avidity due to Fc mediated dimerization, and blocks LAIR-1 interactions with ligands, and LAIR-1 signaling. In vivo administration of NC410 in humanized tumor models reduced tumor growth in a dose dependent fashion. NC410 increased the numbers of infiltrating human CD8+ and CD4+ T cells in the tumor, which is associated with increased levels of chemokines in the local tumor environment. Effector function was also enhanced, as denoted by increased levels of IFN-gamma and Granzyme B in the local tumor environment. In addition, NC410 increased specific collagen degradative products in the serum of humanized tumor-bearing mice, suggesting NC410 may promote tumor microenvironment remodeling and immune accessibility to further promote anti-tumor immunity. <h3>Conclusions</h3> These data support NC410 as a novel therapeutic for targeting collagen-rich tumors and enabling normalization of the tumor-immune microenvironment. FIH studies have recently been initiated with NC410.
Introduction (1994)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Current Interconnect Schemes in Silicon Devices Metallization Requirements for the Year 2001 in Silicon-Based Technologies Metal Deposition Techniques Manufacturing Issues in CVD Processes Summary and Conclusions
Abstract 1006: Drug-tolerant persister cancer cells are vulnerable to GPX4 inhibition (2017)

Abstract Acquired drug resistance prevents chemotherapy and targeted therapy from achieving stable and complete responses. Emerging evidence implicates a key role for nonmutational mechanisms during early stages of acquired drug resistance. Drug-tolerant “persister” cells are a model of nonmutational cancer drug resistance in which small fractions (&amp;lt;5%) of cells within cancer cell lines survive cytotoxic drug exposure despite lacking resistance-conferring mutations. These residual surviving cells are quiescent, occupy a unique chromatin state, and exhibit reversible drug resistance: removal of drug allows regrowth of cells which become resensitized to drug treatment. Importantly, this phenomenon has been observed across a wide range of cancer lineages with both chemotherapy and targeted therapy. Persister cells remain quiescent for weeks to months during constant drug exposure, however some persister cells eventually regrow and acquire irreversible drug resistance-conferring mutations that did not preexist. This model mirrors the common clinical scenario in which tumor response is followed by relapse with acquired resistance-conferring mutations. Targeting nonmutational resistance may therefore present a therapeutic opportunity to eliminate residual surviving tumor cells to prevent relapse. We have performed an unbiased functional genomics analysis of HER2+ breast cancer persister cells which survive HER2 targeted therapy. Utilizing RNAseq, pathway analysis, RNAi screens and chemical inhibitor screens, we discovered that persister cells undergo a switch to mesenchymal gene expression and are uniquely susceptible to inhibition of the phospholipid hydroperoxidase GPX4. This finding is not restricted to breast cancer, rather we have observed that all persister cells tested including those derived from melanoma, lung, ovarian and pancreatic cancer, from either targeted therapies or chemotherapies, are each specifically sensitive to loss of GPX4 function. Parental, drug naive cancer cells and normal human cells are insensitive to GPX4 inhibition. Mechanistically, we found that GPX4 dependency in persister cells is due to a disabled antioxidant program characterized by global downregulation of antioxidant genes, decreased levels of reducing cofactors glutathione and NADPH, and immediate ROS increase upon GPX4 inhibition. These findings point toward a GPX4 inhibition strategy to prevent tumor relapse by inducing ferroptosis in the residual pool of surviving persister cells. Citation Format: Matthew J. Hangauer, Vasanthi S. Viswanathan, Matthew J. Ryan, Dhruv Bole, Jake Eaton, Stuart L. Schreiber, Frank McCormick, McManus T. Michael. Drug-tolerant persister cancer cells are vulnerable to GPX4 inhibition [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1006. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-1006