gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of photonic bandgap fiber for high-power narrow-linewidth optical transport (2014)

An investigation of the use of hollow-core photonic bandgap (PBG) fiber to transport high-power narrow-linewidth light is performed. In conventional fiber the main limitation in this case is stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) but in PBG fiber the overlap between the optical intensity and the silica that hosts the acoustic phonons is reduced. In this paper we show this should increase the SBS threshold to the multi-kW level even when including the non-linear interaction with the air in the core. A full model and experimental measurement of the SBS spectra is presented, including back-scatter into other optical modes besides the fundamental, and some of the issues of coupling high power into hollow-core fibers are discussed.
An Approach to Controlled Oligomerization via Iterative Diels−Alder Cycloadditions on Solid Supports (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTAn Approach to Controlled Oligomerization via Iterative Diels−Alder Cycloadditions on Solid Supports†Jeffrey D. Winkler and Young-Shin KwakView Author Information Department of Chemistry, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 24, 8634–8635Publication Date (Web):November 6, 1998Publication History Received13 August 1998Published online6 November 1998Published inissue 1 November 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo9816358https://doi.org/10.1021/jo9816358rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views189Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Alkyls,Cyclization,Molecular structure,Oligomerization,Organic compounds Get e-Alerts
Large-Scale Kernel-Based Feature Extraction via Low-Rank Subspace Tracking on a Budget (2018)

Kernel-based methods enjoy powerful generalization capabilities in learning a variety of pattern recognition tasks. When such methods are provided with sufficient training data, broadly applicable classes of nonlinear functions can be approximated with desired accuracy. Nevertheless, inherent to the nonparametric nature of kernel-based estimators are computational and memory requirements that become prohibitive with large-scale datasets. In response to this formidable challenge, this paper puts forward a low-rank, kernel-based, feature extraction approach that is particularly tailored for online operation. A novel generative model is introduced to approximate high-dimensional (possibly infinite) features via a low-rank nonlinear subspace, the learning of which lends itself to a kernel function approximation. Offline and online solvers are developed for the subspace learning task, along with affordable versions, in which the number of stored data vectors is confined to a predefined budget. Analytical results provide performance bounds on how well the kernel matrix as well as kernel-based classification and regression tasks can be approximated by leveraging budgeted online subspace learning and feature extraction schemes. Tests on synthetic and real datasets demonstrate and benchmark the efficiency of the proposed method for dynamic nonlinear subspace tracking as well as online classification and regressions tasks.
Adenosine signaling mediates hypoxic responses in the chronic lymphocytic leukemia microenvironment (2016)

The chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) niche is a closed environment where leukemic cells derive growth and survival signals through their interaction with macrophages and T lymphocytes. Here, we show that the CLL lymph node niche is characterized by overexpression and activation of HIF-1α, which increases adenosine generation and signaling, affecting tumor and host cellular responses. Hypoxia in CLL lymphocytes modifies central metabolic pathways, protects against drug-driven apoptosis, and induces interleukin 10 (IL-10) production. In myeloid cells, it forces monocyte differentiation to macrophages expressing IRF4, IDO, CD163, and CD206, hallmarks of the M2 phenotype, which promotes tumor progression. It also induces IL-6 production and enhances nurturing properties. Low oxygen levels decrease T-cell proliferation, promote glycolysis, and cause the appearance of a population of PD-1<sup>+</sup> and IL-10-secreting T cells. Blockade of the A2A adenosine receptor counteracts these effects on all cell populations, making leukemic cells more susceptible to pharmacological agents while restoring immune competence and T-cell proliferation. Together, these results indicate that adenosine signaling through the A2A receptor mediates part of the effects of hypoxia. They also suggest that therapeutic strategies to inhibit the adenosinergic axis may be useful adjuncts to chemotherapy or tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the treatment of CLL patients.
Wind-Energy Generation by Active Flow Control (2014)

This paper presents and tests a novel wind-energy generator that is driven by active flow control. To achieve this, flow-control-induced oscillations were forced by dynamic boundary layer separation and attachment using plasma actuators. Proof-of-concept wind tunnel experiments, at a subcritical Reynolds number of 80,000, were performed on a one-degree-of-freedom pivoted cylindrical body where pulsed dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuators were used to control separation. A nonlinear load, typical of a positive displacement fluid pump, was attached to the system and calibrated. Using phase-locked actuation, simultaneous pressure and angular displacement measurements were performed to determine the integrated mean system power. A system model, including non-linear load effects, aerodynamic effects and friction was developed. Peak measured power coefficients were relatively small, less than 1%; nevertheless the power required to drive the actuators was one order of magnitude lower than the measured sy...
Home Networking Control Protocol (2016)

This document describes the Home Networking Control Protocol (HNCP), an extensible configuration protocol, and a set of requirements for home network devices. HNCP is described as a profile of and extension to the Distributed Node Consensus Protocol (DNCP). HNCP enables discovery of network borders, automated configuration of addresses, name resolution, service discovery, and the use of any routing protocol that supports routing based on both the source and destination address.
Strong Differential Regulation of Serum and Mucosal IgA Responses as Revealed in CD28-Deficient Mice Using Cholera Toxin Adjuvant (2003)

In this study, we show that costimulation required for mucosal IgA responses is strikingly different from that needed for systemic responses, including serum IgA. Following oral immunization with cholera toxin (CT) adjuvant we found that whereas CTLA4-H1 transgenic mice largely failed to respond, CD28-/- mice developed near normal gut mucosal IgA responses but poor serum Ab responses. The local IgA response was functional in that strong antitoxic protection developed in CT-immunized CD28-/- mice. This was in spite of the fact that no germinal centers (GC) were observed in the Peyer's patches, spleen, or other peripheral lymph nodes. Moreover, significant somatic hypermutation was found in isolated IgA plasma cells from gut lamina propria of CD28-/- mice. Thus, differentiation to functional gut mucosal IgA responses against T cell-dependent Ags does not require signaling through CD28 and can be independent of GC formations and isotype-switching in Peyer's patches. By contrast, serum IgA responses, similar to IgG-responses, are dependent on GC and CD28. However, both local and systemic responses are impaired in CTLA4-Hgamma1 transgenic mice, indicating that mucosal IgA responses are dependent on the B7-family ligands, but require signaling via CTLA4 or more likely a third related receptor. Therefore, T-B cell interactions leading to mucosal as opposed to serum IgA responses are uniquely regulated and appear to represent separate events. Although CT is known to strongly up-regulate B7-molecules, we have demonstrated that it acts as a potent mucosal adjuvant in the absence of CD28, suggesting that alternative costimulatory pathways are involved.
Shear Strength Measurement of Gum Metal during High-Pressure Torsion (2012)

In the present study, in situ measurements of applied torque and compressive load were conducted during high-pressure torsion (HPT) on Ti-23%Nb-0.7%Ta-2.0%Zr-1.2%O (in at %) , Gum Metal, by using four active strain-gage method. The shear stress was then calculated from the measured torque. The in situ measurements revealed that the maximum shear stress reaches ~2 GPa during HPT. This value is comparable to the ideal shear strength of Gum Metal, which was reported as ~1.8 GPa from experiments using single crystals. The deformation mechanism strongly depends on body-centered cubic (bcc) phase stability at an early stage of HPT straining, where the shear stress is well below the ideal shear strength. On the other hand, the deformation mechanism may be insensitive to the bcc phase stability at a later stage of HPT straining, where plastic deformation occurs at a strength close to the ideal shear strength.
Effects of surface tension on the adhesive contact of a rigid sphere to a compliant substrate (2014)

In problems of indentation of an elastic half-space by a rigid sphere, the effects of surface tension outside the contact zone are not accounted for by classical theories of contact mechanics. However surface tension plays a dominant role in determining the mechanics of this adhesive contact when the half-space becomes very compliant and the sphere is very small. Using a finite element method (FEM), we present a numerical solution of such a problem, showing the transition between the classical Johnson-Kendall-Roberts (JKR) deformation and a liquid-like deformation in the absence of external load and gravity. The numerical model is in good agreement with previous experiments [R. W. Style et al., Nat. Commun., 2013, 4, 2728].
ChemInform Abstract: A New Approach to Hemiterpenoid Tricyclic Quinolones. Synthesis of N‐Methylflindersine, Khaplopholine and Other Structurally Similar Alkaloids. (1988)

Abstract The alkaloids N‐methylflindersine and zanthobungeanine (IIIa) and (IIIb), resp., and the derivative (IIIc) are synthesized via a mercury(II)‐promoted cyclization of the quinolones (I).
An estrogen receptor β-selective agonist inhibits non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in preclinical models by regulating bile acid and xenobiotic receptors (2017)

Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) affects 8-10 million people in the US and up to 75% of obese individuals. Despite this, there are no approved oral therapeutics to treat NASH and therefore the need for novel approaches exists. The estrogen receptor β (ER-β)-selective agonist, β-LGND2, inhibits body weight and white adipose tissue, and increases metabolism, resulting in higher energy expenditure and thermogenesis. Due to favorable effects of β-LGND2 on obesity, we hypothesized that β-LGND2 will prevent NASH directly by reducing lipid accumulation in the liver or indirectly by favorably changing body composition. Male C57BL/6 mice fed with high fat diet (HFD) for 10 weeks or methionine choline-deficient diet for four weeks and treated with vehicle exhibited altered liver weights by twofold and increased serum transaminases by 2-6-folds. These changes were not observed in β-LGND2-treated animals. Infiltration of inflammatory cells and collagen deposits, an indication of fibrosis, were observed in the liver of mice fed with HFD for 10 weeks, which were effectively blocked by β-LGND2. Gene expression studies in the liver indicate that pregnane X receptor target genes were significantly increased by HFD, and the increase was inhibited by β-LGND2. On the other hand, metabolomics indicate that bile acid metabolites were significantly increased by β-LGND2. These studies demonstrate that an ER-β agonist might provide therapeutic benefits in NASH by directly modulating the function of xenobiotic and bile acid receptors in the liver, which have important functions in the liver, and indirectly, as demonstrated before, by inhibiting adiposity. Impact statement Over 75-90% of those classified as clinically obese suffer from co-morbidities, the most common of which is non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). While there are currently no effective treatment approaches for NASH, data presented here provide preliminary evidence that an estrogen receptor β-selective ligand could have the potential to reduce lipid accumulation and inflammation, and protect liver from NASH.
Measurement of shear impedances of viscoelastic fluids (2002)

Shear-wave reflection coefficients from a solid/fluid interface are derived for non-Newtonian fluids that can be described by Maxwell, Voigt, and power-law fluid models. Based on model calculations, we have identified the measurable effects on the reflection coefficients due to fluid non-Newtonian behavior. The models are used to interpret the viscosity data obtained by a technique based on shear impedance measurement.
Hematopoietic Stem Cells “Stemness” Genes Contain Many Genes Mutated or Abnormally Expressed in Hematopoietic Malignancies. (2004)

Abstract Umbilical cord blood (CB) and mobilized peripheral blood (PB) are relatively new sources of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) that have been increasingly used in clinical transplantations. The genetic basis of the underlying mechanism of HSC self- renewal and differentiation has not been elucidated yet. Several groups have recently used microarray technology to study the common characteristics of stem cells from different tissues (“stemness”) and the typical features of each source of stem cell (“specificity”). Most groups focused their study on mice, used relatively small cDNA microarrays, and used CD34 as the cell surface marker for stem cells isolation. We studied human stem cells characterized by expression of the more primitive CD133 antigen, and used the Affymetrix Human Hu133A oligonucleotide arrays containing 22,215 probe sets to study the expression profile of these cells. An unsupervised hierarchical clustering of 14,025 “valid” probe sets showed a clear distinction between the CD133 + cells representing the stem cell population, and CD133 − cells that represent various stages of cell differentiation. CD133+ cells isolated from CB were compared to CD133− cells identifying 304 genes that were up regulated by at least two folds and the comparison between PB CD133+ cells and CD133− cells identified 218 genes which were up regulated by at least two-folds. These genes were considered as source specific and maybe relevant to the unique properties of CB and PB derived HSC. We were concentrated in the 244 genes that were found to be up regulated by at least two folds in the CD133 positive cells as compared to the CD133 negative cells and were common to both CB and PB. Comparison of these “stemness” genes, to the lists of “stemness” genes that were identified by 2 recent studies that analyzed mainly murine HSC identified 39 (Ramalho et al.) and 83 (Ivanova et al.) common genes. Twenty-four genes were common to another study that analyzed human HSC (Georgantas et al.). Among these common “stemness” genes we identified 4 groups of genes that have an important role in hematopoiesis: Growth factor receptors (Receptor thyrosine kinases (RTK) and c-mpl), a group of transcription factors which includes several homeobox genes and TGF-β targeted genes, genes that have an important role in the process of development and genes involved in cell growth. Among these 4 groups we identified 16 “stemness” genes (MPL, FLT3, HOXA9, MEIS 1, MLLT3, KIT, TIE, GATA-2, HOXA5, BAALC, HLF, MYCN, EVI1, MYB, FHL1, and HMGA2) that are known to be mutated or abnormally regulated in acute leukemias. It can be suggested that perturbation of expression of key hematopoietic stemness machinery genes may lead to abnormal proliferation and leukemia.]
Thermodynamic properties of gas-phase hydrogen-bonded complexes (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThermodynamic properties of gas-phase hydrogen-bonded complexesL. A. Curtiss and M. BlanderCite this: Chem. Rev. 1988, 88, 6, 827–841Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1988https://doi.org/10.1021/cr00088a002RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views959Altmetric-Citations223LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Structural Reevaluation of the Electrophilic Hypervalent Iodine Reagent for Trifluoromethylthiolation Supported by the Crystalline Sponge Method for X‐ray Analysis (2014)

Abstract Hypervalent iodine λ 3 ‐benziodoxoles are common electrophilic transfer reagents known for their enhanced stability compared to their non‐cyclic analogues. Herein we present data showing that chlorobenziodoxole reacts with two different thiolate nucleophiles (thiocyanate and trifluoromethylthiolate), resulting in the formation of stable thioperoxy complexes rather than the expected benziodoxole derivatives. We further report a revised structure for the earlier described electrophilic trifluoromethylthiolation reagent ( 1 ), which was previously believed to contain the benziodoxole framework. Our findings, which are based on a combination of analytical techniques, including the recently introduced crystalline sponge method for X‐ray analysis, unambiguously demonstrate that 1 is a thioperoxy compound both in solution and the solid state.
Induction of hepatic protein synthesis by a peptide in blood plasma of patients with sepsis and trauma. (1984)

Accelerated release of amino acids from muscle and their uptake for protein synthesis by liver and other visceral tissues are characteristic of trauma or sepsis. Experimentally, this response is induced by interleukin-1 (IL-1) generated by activated macrophages in vitro. However, IL-1 has not been demonstrated in human blood. A small 4000-dalton peptide recently isolated from plasma of patients with sepsis and trauma induces muscle proteolysis and is called "proteolysis-inducing factor" (PIF). To test whether this agent has the ability also to induce hepatic protein synthesis, a series of animal experiments and clinical observations were undertaken. The structural and secretory (acute-phase reactants) in vitro protein synthesis in livers of normal rats injected intraperitoneally with IL-1 or PIF was significantly greater than that of normal rats or those injected with Ringer's lactate (p less than 0.01). In patients with sepsis and trauma the central plasma clearance rate of amino acids, a measure of visceral (principally hepatic) amino acid uptake, was elevated and correlated with the rates of protein synthesis in incubated liver slices obtained by biopsy at operation from the same patients (p less than 0.05). Both in vivo measured central plasma clearance rate of amino acids and in vitro measured hepatic protein synthesis correlated with plasma levels of PIF in the same patients (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.05, respectively). We conclude that since PIF, and not IL-1, is present in human plasma and both are produced by activated macrophages, PIF seems to be the stable circulating cleavage product of IL-1, which induces not only muscle proteolysis but also hepatic protein synthesis, principally in the form of acute-phase reactants during infection and other states in which inflammation is present.
Biotechnology, Computer Software, and Business Method Patents (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: Biology Meets Patents Computer Software Patents Business Method Patents
Basic Radiometry Review For Seeker Test Set (1989)

Basic radiometry theory is introduced and applied to an infrared (IR) test set used to provide a collimated beam irradiance to a missile seeker objective for the purpose of calibration and testing. The test set optical elements consist essentially of a thermal radiation blackbody source used with appropriate apertures and an off-axis paraboloidal mirror. The functional configuration and geometrical relationships of the test set are described which Facilitate obtaining parameters necessary for irradiance computations. A short, simple program written in Basic is provided which may be used to determine on--axis irradiance for a given blackbody temperature, target aperture and spectral band. This paper should be of interest to those engaged in related IR seeker performance testing; however, this work is of course applicable in general for basic IR calibration support systems.
Heparin and acidic fibroblast growth factor interact to decrease prostacyclin synthesis in human endothelial cells by affecting both prostaglandin H synthase and prostacyclin synthase (1990)

Prostaglandin production by cultured human endothelial cells varies with growth conditions. We observed a marked diminution in both spontaneous and inducible production of prostacyclin (PGI2) by human umbilical vein and saphenous vein endothelial cells when they were cultured in the presence of the heparin-binding growth factor, acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) and heparin, compared with PGI2 production during culture in medium lacking these factors. Decreased PGI2 production was related to duration of exposure of the cells to aFGF and heparin and depended on the concentration of both substances. Heparin (1-100 micrograms/ml) strongly potentiated the effects of aFGF but had a limited and variable effect alone. The decrease in PGI2 production correlated with a reduction in the cellular content of immunoreactive prostaglandin H synthase and prostacyclin synthase. Arachidonate deacylation was not decreased. In addition, the eicosanoid profile of endothelial cells was changed by exposure to aFGF and heparin. These studies indicate that heparin acts as a modulator of prostaglandin synthesis in endothelial cells through its interaction with aFGF, mediated by alterations in two key enzymes in the arachidonate metabolic pathway.