gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MODULATION OF BLADDER α1-ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR SUBTYPE EXPRESSION BY BLADDER OUTLET OBSTRUCTION (2002)

Our findings indicate a remarkable increase in bladder alpha1dAR mRNA and protein expression after 6 weeks of obstruction and resultant detrusor hypertrophy. This finding is potentially important since alpha1dARs have 10 to 100-fold higher affinity for the endogenous neurotransmitter norepinephrine than the alpha1a or alpha1bAR subtypes. These findings imply that targeting alpha1d may provide a new therapeutic approach for controlling bladder irritative symptoms and possibly detrusor overactivity associated with bladder outlet obstruction.
Role of Humic Acid Chemical Structure Derived from Different Biomass Feedstocks on Fe(III) Bioreduction Activity: Implication for Sustainable Use of Bioresources (2019)

Humic acids (HAs) are redox-active components that play a crucial role in catalyzing relevant redox reactions in various ecosystems. However, it is unclear what role the different compost-derived Has play in the dissimilatory Fe(III) bioreduction and which chemical structures could accelerate Fe reduction. In this study, we compared the effect of eighteen HAs from the mesophilic phase, thermophilic phase and mature phase of protein-, lignocellulose- and lignin-rich composting on catalyzing the bioreduction of Fe(III)-citrate by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 in temporarily anoxic laboratory systems. The chemical composition and structure of different compost-derived HAs were analyzed by UV–Vis spectroscopy, excitation-emission matrices of the fluorescence spectra, and 13C-NMR. The results showed that HAs from lignocellulose- and lignin-rich composting, especially in the thermophilic phase, promoted the bioreduction of Fe(III). They also showed that HA from protein-rich materials suppressed significantly the Fe(II) production, which was mainly affected by the amount and structures of functional groups (e.g., quinone groups) and humification degree of the HAs. This study can aid in searching sustainable HA-rich composts for wide-ranging applications to catalyze redox-mediated reactions of pollutants in soils.
A phase 2 study to assess the safety and efficacy of umbralisib (TGR-1202) in pts with CLL who are intolerant to prior BTK or PI3Kδ inhibitor therapy. (2018)

7530 Background: Although KI therapies are generally well-tolerated, intolerance is the most common reason for discontinuation, thus representing an unmet medical need. Umbralisib (TGR-1202), a next generation PI3Kδ inhibitor, has a discontinuation rate due to adverse events (AEs) of < 10%. Methods: We report results from a Ph 2 study assessing the safety/efficacy of umbralisib in CLL pts who were intolerant (defined per protocol) to a prior KI within 12 mos. AEs must have resolved to ≤ GR 1 prior to umbralisib therapy. Umbralisib (800mg QD) administered until progression or toxicity. Primary endpoint is progression-free survival (PFS). Results: 40 pts were treated as of 2/2018 (36 BTK & 4 PI3Kδ intolerant). Baseline demographics: median (med) age 69 yrs (range 52-96), med prior therapies 2 (1-7), 55% male, ECOG 0-1 (92%), del17p (20%), del11q (23%), IGHV unmutated (60%). 80% required treatment within 6 mos of prior KI discontinuation. Most AE’s leading to KI discontinuation were: arthralgia, rash (9 events each), A-fib (6), diarrhea (4), bleeding, fatigue and weight loss (3 each). AEs on umbralisib are listed in the table: GR ≥3 PI3Kδ-associated AE’s were limited: AST/ALT (3%); diarrhea (7.5%); rash (3%). 4 pts discontinued umbralisib due to intolerance (rash, pneumonia, pneumonitis, pancreatitis), and 1 pt due to study noncompliance. No pt discontinued umbralisib as a result of a prior KI intolerant AE. 3 pts (7.5%) had dose reductions (headache, hematologic, and colitis) and were successfully re-challenged (colitis pt on study in PR now 12 mos). Med PFS not reached with 90% of pts progression free at a med follow up 6.5 mos (range 1–15). Conclusions: Umbralisib appears to be safe and effective in KI intolerant CLL pts. These are the first data to confirm that switching from KI to an alternate PI3Kδ (umbralisib) can result in disease control (PFS) without recurrence of KI intolerance toxicities. BTK mutations and CYP polymorphisms are being assessed. Clinical trial information: NCT02742090.Umbralisib AEs (all causality) in > 15% pts (n = 40). Adverse Events All Grades % All Grades GR 3/4 % GR 3/4 Diarrhea 17 43% 3 8% Nausea 17 43% Thrombocytopenia 11 28% 4 10% Insomnia 9 23% Neutropenia 9 23% 7 18% Dizziness 8 20% Fatigue 8 20% Rash 7 18% 1 3%
Low-complexity Viterbi-like detector for ‘two-ray’ channels (1989)

A new type of ‘near’ maximum-likelihood detector is presented. The proposed method is especially suitable for so-called ‘two-ray’ channels with a long impulse response, which may occur for instance in digital mobile radio.
Interdispersed Amorphous MnOx–Carbon Nanocomposites with Superior Electrochemical Performance as Lithium‐Storage Material (2011)

Abstract The realization of manganese oxide anode materials for lithium‐ion batteries is hindered by inferior cycle stability, rate capability, and high overpotential induced by the agglomeration of manganese metal grains, low conductivity of manganese oxide, and the high stress/strain in the crystalline manganese oxide structure during the repeated lithiation/delithiation process. To overcome these challenges, unique amorphous MnO x –C nanocomposite particles with interdispersed carbon are synthesized using aerosol spray pyrolysis. The carbon filled in the pores of amorphous MnO x blocks the penetration of liquid electrolyte to the inside of MnO x , thus reducing the formation of a solid electrolyte interphase and lowering the irreversible capacity. The high electronic and lithium‐ion conductivity of carbon also enhances the rate capability. Moreover, the interdispersed carbon functions as a barrier structure to prevent manganese grain agglomeration. The amorphous structure of MnO x brings additional benefits by reducing the stress/strain of the conversion reaction, thus lowering lithiation/delithiation overpotential. As the result, the amorphous MnO x ‐C particles demonstrated the best performance as an anode material for lithium‐ion batteries to date.
Investigating the effect of energy level spacing and inhomogeneous broadening on performance of quantum dash ridge-wavelengths lasers at elevated temperatures (2023)

Using a model developed in Crosslight PICS3D, we have compared simulated gain and device performance for InAs/InP quantum dash ridge waveguide lasers with experimental data from fabricated devices. We investigated the change in device behaviour as the energy spectrum of the dashes is varied and inhomogeneous broadening is changed to represent a distribution of dash sizes and composition. We observed a distinct asymmetry of the dash layer occupation due to inefficient thermionic emission hindering hole transport across the quantum dash layer stack. We have quantified how this effect can be utilized to achieve higher threshold current temperature stability.
Endocrine Conditions and COVID-19 (2020)

COVID-19 was declared a global pandemic by the WHO and has affected millions of patients around the world. COVID-19 disproportionately affects persons with endocrine conditions, thus putting them at an increased risk for severe disease. We discuss the mechanisms that place persons with endocrine conditions at an additional risk for severe COVID-19 and review the evidence. We also suggest precautions and management of endocrine conditions in the setting of global curfews being imposed and offer practical tips for uninterrupted endocrine care.
All‐Solid‐State Rechargeable Air Batteries Using Dihydroxybenzoquinone and Its Polymer as the Negative Electrode (2023)

A proof-of-concept study was conducted on an all-solid-state rechargeable air battery (SSAB) using redox-active 2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone (DHBQ) and its polymer (PDBM) and a proton-conductive polymer (Nafion). DHBQ functioned well in the redox reaction with the solid Nafion ionomer at 0.47 and 0.57 V vs. RHE, similar to that in acid aqueous solution. The resulting air battery exhibited an open circuit voltage of 0.80 V and a discharge capacity of 29.7 mAh g<sub>DHBQ</sub> <sup>-1</sup> at a constant current density (1 mA cm<sup>-2</sup> ). With PDBM, the discharge capacity was much higher, 176.1 mAh g<sub>PDBM</sub> <sup>-1</sup> , because of the improved utilization of the redox-active moieties. In the rate characteristics of the SSAB-PDBM, the coulombic efficiency was 84 % at 4 C, which decreased to 66 % at 101 C. In a charge/discharge cycle test, the capacity remaining after 30 cycles was 44 %, which was able to be significantly improved, to 78 %, by tuning the Nafion composition in the negative electrode.
Effect of structure of the redox molecular sieve TS-1 on the oxidation of phenol, crotyl alcohol and norbornylene (2005)

A range of crystalline TS-1 samples with different morphologies as well as the corresponding TS-1 precursor structures have been synthesised using hydrothermal crystallisation. The materials have been characterised using powder X-ray diffraction, IR and Raman spectroscopy and electron microscopy. The materials were used as catalysts for the oxidation of crotyl alcohol, phenol and norbornylene and, in particular, the reactivity of the precursor structures was contrasted with crystalline TS-1. The oxidation of crotyl alcohol, selected as a relatively non-reactive substituted alkene, did not require the TS-1 structure for reactivity and TS-1 precursor structures are active, although crystalline TS-1 was found to be more reactive than the precursor structures. In contrast, phenol hydroxylation is only catalysed by crystalline TS-1. The reaction of phenol is observed to occur only on the exterior surface of large TS-1 crystallites. With smaller crystallites of TS-1, i.e. the size range of interest for catalysis, the rapid subsequent reaction of hydroquinone makes it difficult to determine whether reaction occurs solely on the exterior of the crystallites or at sites within the porous structure. Hence it is suggested that this reaction has limited scope as a probe reaction for the reactivity of sites within the crystallites. It is, however, feasible that phenol hydroxylation is a viable probe reaction for TS-1 type structural units. Norbornylene was studied as an example of a reactant too large to enter the internal pore structure of TS-1 and hence only reaction at pore mouths and external surface sites was possible. Larger TS-1 crystallites were more active for this substrate than suggested by surface area considerations. The results are discussed in terms of the selection of model reactions for the study of TS-1 catalysts.
Dihydroxy(4-thiomorpholinomethyl)benzoic Acid: From Molecular Asymmetry to Diode Characteristics (2011)

One of the challenges in molecular electronics is to design molecules which can be used as functional units in electronic devices. The subject of our investigations is an asymmetrical molecule, dihydroxy(4-thiomorpholinomethyl)benzoic acid (TMBA), whose structural and electronic properties are characterized. The self-assembly behavior of TMBA on Au(111) surfaces resulting in highly ordered monolayers is obtained using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Furthermore, investigations on the electronic properties of the combined metal/molecule system reveal an orbital mediated tunneling process and tunneling decay constants for the carboxylic and thiomorpholino group. Thus, a diode-like character of TMBA is shown to be caused by intrinsic electronic properties of different molecular moieties.
On the Implementation of a Multi-Reader Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Architecture (2007)

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) systems are one of the enabling technologies for the ubiquitous computing paradigm. At the moment, the EPCglobal organization leads the development of industry-driven standards for this field and has settled the EPC "Gen 2" as a reference standard. In this paper, we analyze the anti-collision procedure of EPC "Gen 2" to find the time needed to identify a population of tags, by means of the finite Markov-chain of the system. In addition, a UHF multi-reader prototype based on time division multiple access (TDMA) scheme is evaluated in this work. In this TDMA scheme, the reader time-slot duration is allocated according to the computations obtained from our analytical study. The main conclusions derived from this implementation are summarized in this work.
Disentangling Multidimensional Spatio-Temporal Data into Their Common and Aberrant Responses (2015)

With the advent of high-throughput measurement techniques, scientists and engineers are starting to grapple with massive data sets and encountering challenges with how to organize, process and extract information into meaningful structures. Multidimensional spatio-temporal biological data sets such as time series gene expression with various perturbations over different cell lines, or neural spike trains across many experimental trials, have the potential to acquire insight about the dynamic behavior of the system. For this potential to be realized, we need a suitable representation to understand the data. A general question is how to organize the observed data into meaningful structures and how to find an appropriate similarity measure. A natural way of viewing these complex high dimensional data sets is to examine and analyze the large-scale features and then to focus on the interesting details. Since the wide range of experiments and unknown complexity of the underlying system contribute to the heterogeneity of biological data, we develop a new method by proposing an extension of Robust Principal Component Analysis (RPCA), which models common variations across multiple experiments as the lowrank component and anomalies across these experiments as the sparse component. We show that the proposed method is able to find distinct subtypes and classify data sets in a robust way without any prior knowledge by separating these common responses and abnormal responses. Thus, the proposed method provides us a new representation of these data sets which has the potential to help users acquire new insight from data.
Removal Efficiency of Metallic Impurities on Various Substrates in HF-Based Solutions (2001)

In this study, the removal efficiency of metallic impurities with various substrate surfaces has been investigated. It strongly depends on the substrate conditions as well as the kind of metallic impurities. Copper (Cu) impurities deposited on an amorphous silicon (a-Si) surface are hardly removed by a hydrofluoric acid-hydrogen peroxide mixture (FPM) cleaning, while they are completely removed from a single crystalline silicon (c-Si) surface at a level lower than the detection limit. A hydrofluoric acid-hydrogen peroxide mixture with nonionic surfactant (FPMS) cleaning with high HF concentration, however, can efficiently remove Cu contaminants from both c-Si and a-Si surfaces. We postulate that both etching of the silicon by the FPM solution and surface passivation by the surfactant are essential to removing Cu contaminants from a-Si surface. Moreover, the Cu removal efficiency of FPMS solution is highly dependent on the nature of a-Si films. The range of high removal efficiency on a-Si film surface with inactivated phosphorus, when changing the chemical mixing ratio of an FPMS solution with 50 ppm nonionic surfactant, is much broader than that on undoped a-Si film surfaces, whereas it is not depending on the presence of hydrogen in a-Si film. In order to remove metallic impurities from all substrates including various a-Si film surfaces, a cleaning solution should have the etching capability of substrates and high dissolution rate of metallic contaminants. Much more attention should be given for HF-based solution process of various substrates with high etching rate. © 2001 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Electroreduction of CO 2 to Formate with Low Overpotential using Cobalt Pyridine Thiolate Complexes (2020)

Abstract Electrocatalytic CO 2 reduction to value‐added products provides a viable alternative to the use of carbon sources derived from fossil fuels. Carrying out these transformations at reasonable energetic costs, for example, with low overpotential, remains a challenge. Molecular catalysts allow fine control of activity and selectivity via tuning of their coordination sphere and ligand set. Herein we investigate a series of cobalt(III) pyridine‐thiolate complexes as electrocatalysts for CO 2 reduction. The effect of the ligands and proton sources on activity was examined. We identified bipyridine bis(2‐pyridinethiolato) cobalt(III) hexaflurophosphate as a highly selective catalyst for formate production operating at a low overpotential of 110 mV with a turnover frequency (TOF) of 10 s −1 . Electrokinetic analysis coupled with density functional theory (DFT) computations established the mechanistic pathway, highlighting the role of metal hydride intermediates. The catalysts deactivate via the formation of stable cobalt carbonyl complexes, but the active species could be regenerated upon oxidation and release of coordinated CO ligands.
Low-power chip interconnection by dynamic termination (1995)

A low-power dynamic termination scheme is proposed and demonstrated as a way to reduce power dissipation for high-speed data transport. In this scheme, the transmission lines are terminated only if the signals change. The gate of a switching MOS transistor connected to a termination resistor is driven by differentiating the transmission signal with a resistor and a capacitor. The power dissipation of the terminating resistor can be reduced to 1/5 in the conventional determination scheme, and overshoot can be reduced to 1/5 that in the open scheme. This scheme is promising for use with palm-top equipment, facilitating high-speed low power operation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Analysis of cylindrical heat exchanger with phase change materials (1980)

Within the field of energy, there is an increasing emphasis on the use of phase-change materials (PCM) for thermal energy storage, but the analytical and numerical methods available to describe their thermal behavior in cylindrical coordinates are relatively few in number. In addition, these methods are either mathematically too complex for engineering purposes, or simplified to the point of solving a pseudophase-change process far removed from the actual system itself. In this paper, an efficient, numerical method is presented for modeling one-dimensional heat conduction (including sensible and latent heat) around an internally-convected cylinder of PCM. Finite-difference equations monitor the heat transfer within the solid and liquid regions, while Taylor-series expansions of temperature are made in the regions close to the interface. Inputs to the routine include temperature dependent properties, initial temperature distributions, time-varying convection boundary conditions and time-varying inlet fluid temperatures. Outputs from the method include melt-line locations and temperature distributions vs. time, as well as charging rates and pipe surface temperatures.
Comparative Analysis with Heightmaps in Virtual Reality Environments (2019)

3D heightmaps can be considered as an extension of heatmaps using the third dimension to encode the respective value by height, often in addition to encoding it by color. In contrast to 2D heatmaps, 3D heightmaps allow a superposition without aggregation. However, they also have the general disadvantages of 3D visualizations, such as occlusion and perceptual distortion. Previous research has revealed various advantages of stereoscopic displays and virtual reality (VR) in the context of 3D visualizations, for example, concerning memorization, depth perception, and collaboration. In this paper, we present a novel technique to compare heightmaps in VR by introducing a multi-layer approach of stacked heightmaps. We demonstrate the applicability and usefulness of our method by means of a use case on comparative crime data analysis.
Demonstration of a novel atomic beam splitter (1994)

We have demonstrated a novel beam splitter for atoms. The J=1 to J=0 system in metastable helium has two independent ``dark'' states which are radiatively stable. By preparing atoms in the two ``dark'' states of the ${2}^{3}$${\mathit{S}}_{1}$ level and passing them through a sequence of partially overlapping laser beams tuned to the ${2}^{3}$${\mathit{S}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$${2}^{2}$${\mathit{P}}_{0}$ transition, we cause the atoms in one ``dark'' state to be deflected by integral multiples of 2\ensuremath{\Elzxh}k, while the atoms in the other ``dark'' state are undeflected. The excited ${2}^{3}$${\mathit{P}}_{0}$ state is not populated, so the process is unaffected by spontaneous emission. We have observed up to 90% coherent momentum transfer with 4\ensuremath{\Elzxh}k deflection. We conclude by describing how one might construct an atom interferometer based on these ``dark state'' beam splitters.
ChemInform Abstract: The Effect on DNA Cleavage Potency of Tethering a Simple Cyclic Enediyne (I) to a Netropsin Analogue (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Dermorphin Gene Sequence Peptide with High Affinity and Selectivity for δ-Opioid Receptors (1989)

Skin of the frog Phyllomedusa sauvagei contains a cDNA sequence that codes for the selective mu-receptor peptide dermorphin and a new heptapeptide we have designated as dermorphin gene-associated peptide (DGAP). Investigation of the opioid receptor binding characteristics of synthetic DGAP and [D-Met2]DGAP revealed that the latter peptide had high affinity and selectivity for delta-type opioid receptors in rat brain synaptosomes. The IC50 values for DGAP on mu- and delta-receptors were only 28 microM and 670 nM, respectively, while that for [D-Met2]DGAP was 0.80 nM for delta-receptors and greater than 1 microM for mu-receptors yielding a very high delta selectivity ratio (SR) of 1345. In comparison, the SR values for [D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin, [D-Ser2,Leu5,Thr6]enkephalin, and [D-Pen2,5]enkephalin, ligands which are considered to be specific for delta-receptors, were 20, 42, and 301, respectively. Dermorphin, which contains a D-Ala2 residue and is a selective mu-receptor ligand (Lazarus, L.H., Guglietta, A., Wilson, W.E., Irons, B.J., and de Castiglione, R. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264, 354-362), exhibits a SR of 0.0055 similar to that for the conventional mu-agonist [D-Ala2,NMePhe4,Gly-ol]enkephalin (0.0040). This finding that frog skin cDNA contains the information to code for dermorphin and DGAP, or the presumed [D-Met2]DGAP molecule, which are among the most selective high affinity opioid ligands described for mu- and delta-receptors, may permit new insight into the design of future opioid receptor agonists and antagonists.