gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Continuous Creation of a Vortex in a Bose-Einstein Condensate with Hyperfine Spin F=2 (2002)

It is shown that a vortex can be continuously created in a Bose-Einstein condensate with hyperfine spin F=2 in a Ioffe-Pritchard trap by reversing the axial magnetic field adiabatically. It may be speculated that the condensate cannot be confined in the trap since the weak-field seeking state makes transitions to the neutral and the strong-field seeking states due to the degeneracy of these states along the vortex axis when the axial field vanishes. We have solved the Gross-Pitaevskii equation numerically with given external magnetic fields to show that this is not the case. It is shown that a considerable fraction of the condensate remains in the trap even when the axial field is reversed rather slowly. This scenario is also analysed in the presence of an optical plug along the vortex axis. Then the condensate remains within the $F_z=2$ manifold, with respect to the local magnetic field, throughout the formation of a vortex and hence the loss of atoms does not take place.
Zinc Oxide Nanostructure-Modified Textile and Its Application to Biosensing, Photocatalysis, and as Antibacterial Material (2015)

Recently, one-dimensional nanostructures with different morphologies (such as nanowires, nanorods (NRs), and nanotubes) have become the focus of intensive research, because of their unique properties with potential applications. Among them, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanomaterials has been found to be highly attractive, because of the remarkable potential for applications in many different areas such as solar cells, sensors, piezoelectric devices, photodiode devices, sun screens, antireflection coatings, and photocatalysis. Here, we present an innovative approach to create a new modified textile by direct in situ growth of vertically aligned one-dimensional (1D) ZnO NRs onto textile surfaces, which can serve with potential for biosensing, photocatalysis, and antibacterial applications. ZnO NRs were grown by using a simple aqueous chemical growth method. Results from analyses such as X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the ZnO NRs were dispersed over the entire surface of the textile. We have demonstrated the following applications of these multifunctional textiles: (1) as a flexible working electrode for the detection of aldicarb (ALD) pesticide, (2) as a photocatalyst for the degradation of organic molecules (i.e., Methylene Blue and Congo Red), and (3) as antibacterial agents against Escherichia coli. The ZnO-based textile exhibited excellent photocatalytic and antibacterial activities, and it showed a promising sensing response. The combination of sensing, photocatalysis, and antibacterial properties provided by the ZnO NRs brings us closer to the concept of smart textiles for wearable sensing without a deodorant and antibacterial control. Perhaps the best known of the products that is available in markets for such purposes are textiles with silver nanoparticles. Our modified textile is thus providing acceptable antibacterial properties, compared to available commercial modified textiles.
Importance of the natural history of benign prostatic hyperplasia in the evaluation of pharmacologic intervention (1990)

The variable natural history of untreated symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and the fact that therapeutic intervention is based more on subjective than objective criteria of progressive disease have important consequences for appropriately evaluating the effects of pharmacologic intervention on clinical BPH. To evaluate accurately the success of drug therapy for symptomatic BPH, any trial must include a placebo treatment arm for comparison. However, for such a placebo control to be legitimate, it must not affect the natural history of BPH. To evaluate the effect of placebo treatment on BPH, a large body of data following the natural history of untreated clinical BPH from a variety of independent studies was combined and compared to those from a large variety of independent studies in which a placebo-treated group of patients with clinical BPH also followed. These comparisons demonstrate that 1) placebo treatment does not affect the natural history of the disease; 2) spontaneous improvement usually occurs within the first 6 months of initial presentation of symptoms, if it is to occur at all; and 3) 3-6 months of follow-up are needed to determine if a patient is going to get worse. Thus, to evaluate accurately the potential benefit of any medical intervention for symptomatic BPH, placebo-controlled clinical trials will be required and should be of at least 6 month's duration.
Organic Transistors: Supramolecular Order of Solution‐Processed Perylenediimide Thin Films: High‐Performance Small‐Channel n‐Type Organic Transistors (Adv. Funct. Mater. 23/2011) (2011)

The non-contact dynamic scanning force microscopy image of a solution-processed perylenediimide thin film shows a layer-by-layer structure with closed molecular planes, upon annealing. Antonio Facchetti, Yueh-Lin Loo, Maria A. Loi, and co-workers show, on page 4479, that the strong intermolecular π–π stacking interactions induce long-range supramolecular order, comparable to that of highly crystalline vapor-deposited films. Correlations between molecular orientation and device performance are highlighted in high-performance small-channel n-type organic transistors.
Biochemical Analysis and Structure Determination of Bacterial Acetyltransferases Responsible for the Biosynthesis of UDP-N,N′-Diacetylbacillosamine (2013)

UDP-N,N'-diacetylbacillosamine (UDP-diNAcBac) is a unique carbohydrate produced by a number of bacterial species and has been implicated in pathogenesis. The terminal step in the formation of this important bacterial sugar is catalyzed by an acetyl-CoA (AcCoA)-dependent acetyltransferase in both N- and O-linked protein glycosylation pathways. This bacterial acetyltransferase is a member of the left-handed β-helix family and forms a homotrimer as the functional unit. Whereas previous endeavors have focused on the Campylobacter jejuni acetyltransferase (PglD) from the N-linked glycosylation pathway, structural characterization of the homologous enzymes in the O-linked glycosylation pathways is lacking. Herein, we present the apo-crystal structures of the acetyltransferase domain (ATD) from the bifunctional enzyme PglB (Neisseria gonorrhoeae) and the full-length acetyltransferase WeeI (Acinetobacter baumannii). Additionally, a PglB-ATD structure was solved in complex with AcCoA. Surprisingly, this structure reveals a contrasting binding mechanism for this substrate when compared with the AcCoA-bound PglD structure. A comparison between these findings and the previously solved PglD crystal structures illustrates a dichotomy among N- and O-linked glycosylation pathway enzymes. Based upon these structures, key residues in the UDP-4-amino and AcCoA binding pockets were mutated to determine their effect on binding and catalysis in PglD, PglB-ATD, and WeeI. Last, a phylogenetic analysis of the aforementioned acetyltransferases was employed to illuminate the diversity among N- and O-linked glycosylation pathway enzymes.
Evaluating the role of simulation in healthcare innovation: recommendations of the Simnovate Medical Technologies Domain Group (2017)

Background Innovation in healthcare is the practical application of new concepts, ideas, processes or technologies into clinical practice. Despite its necessity and potential to improve care in measurable ways, there are several issues related to patient safety, high costs, high failure rates and limited adoption by end-users. This mixed-method study aims to explore the role of simulation as a potential testbed for diminishing the risks, pitfalls and resources associated with development and implementation of medical innovations. Methods Subject-matter experts consisting of physicians, engineers, scientists and industry leaders participated in four semistructured teleconferences each lasting up to 2 hours each. Verbal data were transcribed verbatim, coded and categorised according to themes using grounded theory, and subsequently synthesised into a conceptual framework. Panelists were then invited to complete an online survey, ranking the (1) current use and (2) potential effectiveness of simulation-based technologies and techniques for evaluating and facilitating the product life cycle pathway. This was performed for each theme of the previously generated conceptual framework using a Likert scale of 1 (no effectiveness) to 9 (highest possible effectiveness) and then segregated according to various forms of simulation. Results Over 100 hours of data were collected and analysed. After 7 rounds of inductive data analysis, a conceptual framework of the product life cycle was developed. This framework helped to define and characterise the product development pathway. Agreement between reviewers for inclusion of items after the final round of analysis was 100%. A total of 7 themes were synthesised and categorised into 3 phases of the pathway: ‘design and development’, ‘implementation and value creation’ and ‘product launch’. Strong discrepancies were identified between the current and potential roles of simulation in each phase. Simulation was felt to have the strongest potential role for early prototyping, testing for safety and product quality and testing for product effectiveness and ergonomics. Conclusions Simulation has great potential to fulfil several unmet needs in healthcare innovation. This framework can be used to help guide innovators and channel resources appropriately. The ultimate goal is a structured, well-defined process that will result in a product development outcome that has the greatest potential to succeed.
Solid-phase synthesis of oligosaccharides. I. Preparation of the solid support. Poly[p-(1-propen-3-ol-1-yl)styrene] (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSolid-phase synthesis of oligosaccharides. I. Preparation of the solid support. Poly[p-(1-propen-3-ol-1-yl)styrene]Conrad Schuerch and Jean M. FrechetCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1971, 93, 2, 492–496Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00731a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00731a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1278Altmetric-Citations253LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Recent progress in multi-channel laser-ultrasonic receivers (2012)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation B. Pouet, A. Wartelle, S. Breugnot; Recent progress in multi-channel laser-ultrasonic receivers. AIP Conf. Proc. 17 May 2012; 1430 (1): 259–266. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4716238 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioAIP Conference Proceedings Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Chimeric HDAC and the cytoskeleton inhibitor broxbam as a novel therapeutic strategy for liver cancer (2022)

Broxbam, also known as N-hydroxy-4-{1-methoxy-4-[4'-(3'-bromo-4',5'-dimethoxyphenyl)-oxazol-5'-yl]-2-phenoxy} butanamide, is a novel chimeric inhibitor that contains two distinct pharmacophores in its molecular structure. It has been previously demonstrated to inhibit the activity of histone deacetylases (HDAC) and tubulin polymerisation, two critical components required for cancer growth and survival. In the present study, the potential suitability of broxbam for the treatment of liver cancer was investigated. The effects of broxbam on cell proliferation and apoptosis, in addition to the underlying molecular mechanism of action, were first investigated in primary liver cancer cell lines Huh7, HepG2, TFK1 and EGI1. Real-time proliferation measurements made using the iCELLigence system and viable cell number counting following crystal violet staining) revealed that broxbam time- and dose-dependently reduced the proliferation of liver cancer cell lines with IC50 values <1 µM. In addition, a significant inhibition of the growth of hepatoblastoma microtumours on the chorioallantoic membranes (CAM) of fertilised chicken eggs by broxbam was observed according to results from the CAM assay, suggesting antineoplastic potency in vivo. Broxbam also exerted apoptotic effects through p53- and mitochondria-driven caspase-3 activation in Huh7 and HepG2 cells according to data from western blotting (p53 and phosphorylated p53), mitochondrial membrane potential measurements (JC-1 assay) and fluorometric capsase-3 measurements. Notably, no contribution of unspecific cytotoxic effects mediated by broxbam were observed from LDH-release measurements. HDAC1, -2, -4 and -6 expression was measured by western blotting and the HDAC inhibitory potency of broxbam was next evaluated using subtype-specific HDAC enzymatic assays, which revealed a largely pan-HDAC inhibitory activity with the most potent inhibition observed on HDAC6. Silencing HDAC6 expression in Huh7 cells led to a drop in the expression of the proliferation markers Ki-67 and E2F3, suggesting that HDAC6 inhibition by broxbam may serve a predominant role in their antiproliferative effects on liver cancer cells. Immunofluorescence staining of cytoskeletal proteins (α-tubulin & actin) of broxbam-treated HepG2 cells revealed a pronounced inhibition of tubulin polymerisation, which was accompanied by reduced cell migration as determined by wound healing scratch assays. Finally, data from zebrafish angiogenesis assays revealed marked antiangiogenic effects of broxbam in vivo, as shown by the suppression of subintestinal vein growth in zebrafish embryos. To conclude, the pleiotropic anticancer activities of this novel chimeric HDAC- and tubulin inhibitor broxbam suggest that this compound is a promising candidate for liver cancer treatment, which warrants further pre-clinical and clinical evaluation.
Adjuvant is necessary for a robust immune response to a single dose of H1N1 pandemic flu vaccine in mice (2009)

Pandemic H1N1 influenza vaccine antigens are currently being manufactured. The MF(59) adjuvant has an established safety profile in humans and a proven ability to increase responses to some influenza vaccines in humans. To inform initial decisions on the use of these vaccine components to protect human populations, we have immunized mice with MF(59)-adjuvanted or non-adjuvanted pandemic influenza vaccine. Immunizing unprimed mice with a single dose of MF(59)-adjuvanted vaccine elicits functional antibody titers equivalent to those associated with protection of humans from seasonal influenza. Without adjuvant, two doses are required for a robust antibody response. Unadjuvanted vaccines with 0.5 and 1 microgram of antigen elicit equivalent titers. These data support including MF(59) in pandemic flu vaccines to rapidly protect young adults and children, who may have little or no previous exposure to influenza infection or immunization.
An SLA-based Advisor for Placement of HPC Jobs on Hybrid Clouds (2015)

Several scientific and industry applications require High Performance Computing (HPC) resources to process and/or simulate complex models. Not long ago, companies, research institutes, and universities used to acquire and maintain on-premise computer clusters; but, recently, cloud computing has emerged as an alternative for a subset of HPC applications. This poses a challenge to end-users, who have to decide where to run their jobs: on local clusters or burst to a remote cloud service provider. While current research on HPC cloud has focused on comparing performance of on-premise clusters against cloud resources, we build on top of existing efforts and introduce an advisory service to help users make this decision considering the trade-offs of resource costs, performance, and availability on hybrid clouds. We evaluated our service using a real test-bed with a seismic processing application based on Full Waveform Inversion; a technique used by geophysicists in the oil &amp; gas industry and earthquake prediction. We also discuss how the advisor can be used for other applications and highlight the main lessons learned constructing this service to reduce costs and turnaround times.
Long QT Syndrome–Associated Mutations in KCNQ1 and KCNE1 Subunits Disrupt Normal Endosomal Recycling of I Ks Channels (2008)

Physical and emotional stress is accompanied by release of stress hormones such as the glucocorticoid cortisol. This hormone upregulates the serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase (SGK)1, which in turn stimulates I(Ks), a slow delayed rectifier potassium current that mediates cardiac action potential repolarization. Mutations in I(Ks) channel alpha (KCNQ1, KvLQT1, Kv7.1) or beta (KCNE1, IsK, minK) subunits cause long QT syndrome (LQTS), an inherited cardiac arrhythmia associated with increased risk of sudden death. Together with the GTPases RAB5 and RAB11, SGK1 facilitates membrane recycling of KCNQ1 channels. Here, we show altered SGK1-dependent regulation of LQTS-associated mutant I(Ks) channels. Whereas some mutant KCNQ1 channels had reduced basal activity but were still activated by SGK1, currents mediated by KCNQ1(Y111C) or KCNQ1(L114P) were paradoxically reduced by SGK1. Heteromeric channels coassembled of wild-type KCNQ1 and the LQTS-associated KCNE1(D76N) mutant were similarly downregulated by SGK1 because of a disrupted RAB11-dependent recycling. Mutagenesis experiments indicate that stimulation of I(Ks) channels by SGK1 depends on residues H73, N75, D76, and P77 in KCNE1. Identification of the I(Ks) recycling pathway and its modulation by stress-stimulated SGK1 provides novel mechanistic insight into potentially fatal cardiac arrhythmias triggered by physical or psychological stress.
Targeting the IL-2 receptor with antibodies or chimeric toxins (2001)

Although various mouse anti-rat and rat anti-mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) produce profound immunosuppressive effects, the experience with rodent anti-human mAb has been somewhat disappointing. The impetus for creating chimeric or humanized mAbs or fusion proteins to be used as immunosuppressive agents in allograft recipients stems directly from the clinical experience with rodent antihuman mAbs. With the exception of antibodies directed against proteins of the TCR/CD3 complex, murine mAbs have failed to deliver on their many potential advantages for treating or preventing rejection. The favorable attributes of chimeric or humanized mAbs include: (i) high specificity and affinity; (ii) long circulating half-lives; and (iii) a variety of mechanisms by which they can mediate an immunosuppressive effect. Cytolytic immune effector mechanisms of the host, antibody-mediated cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), and complement-mediated cytotoxicity (CDC) can theoretically be recruited directed against antibody coated target cells. Moreover, mAbs can interrupt signaling at the cell surface by blocking key receptor sites.
Novel dielectric slots in Cu interconnects for suppressing stress-induced void failure (2006)

Novel dielectric slots were incorporated into advanced Cu interconnects using a damascene process without additional masking steps. The dielectric slots were found to be effective in suppressing stress-induced void failure. Together with physical analysis results, the possible mechanisms that improve the stress migration reliability of advanced Cu interconnects are discussed
Baseline risk factors for developing ARIA‐E from the SCarlet RoAD and Marguerite RoAD open‐label extension studies (2022)

Abstract Introduction Treatment‐induced Amyloid‐Related Imaging Abnormalities‐Edema (ARIA‐E) are identified risks of N‐terminus anti‐amyloid antibodies, with reported overall incidence in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) trial participants of up to 40%. Known risk factors for developing ARIA‐E include apolipoprotein‐E‐e4 (APOE e4) carrier status, higher anti‐amyloid antibody dose, and baseline microhemorrhage burden. Background SCarlet RoAD (SR) (NCT01224106) and Marguerite RoAD (MR) (NCT02051608) open‐label extensions were designed to investigate the long‐term safety and biomarker impact of gantenerumab 1,200mg q4w. To generate safety data that would inform future pivotal study design (GRADUATE trials [NCT03444870, NCT03443973]), five titration regimens were studied (Figure 1). ARIA‐E incidence varied across treatment arms; here we investigated potential baseline risk factors for ARIA‐E. Methods Baseline risk factors were selected for analysis based on those previously reported in the literature as potential individual characteristics. Univariate logistic analysis was used to identify baseline risk factors and multivariate logistic analysis to assess the independence of identified risk factors. Results In univariate logistic analysis, identified baseline risk factors for ARIA‐E in both studies were APOE e4 carrier status and presence of one or more microhemorrhages (Tables 1 and 2). Homozygous APOE e4 carriers were at higher risk than heterozygotes (Tables 1 and 2). Multivariate logistic analysis showed that presence of APOE e4 alleles, or one or more microhemorrhages at baseline were independent risk factors (Tables 3 and 4). Participants with both risk factors had a higher ARIA‐E onset risk than those with one or none. Age, race, sex, and body mass index were not identified as baseline risk factors for ARIA‐E (Tables 1 and 2). Conclusion APOE e4 carrier status, in particular homozygous status, and microhemorrhage presence were identified as independent, non‐modifiable, and cumulative baseline risk factors for ARIA‐E. Taking into consideration these non‐modifiable and modifiable (speed of titration) risk factors as well as the convenience of a universal regimen for all participants, an optimized trial design with a single 9‐month titration was selected for GRADUATE trials. This optimized trial design aims to maximize exposure for all participants including individuals at higher ARIA‐E risk while offering a simple regimen for all. Results of GRADUATE trials are expected by end of 2022.