gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Charge creation, trapping, and long phosphorescence in Sr2MgSi2O7:Eu2+, RE3+ (2008)

This report describes experiments that elucidate the phosphorescence mechanism in Sr2MgSi2O7:Eu2+, RE3+ phosphors. The first step of phosphorescence, the storage of carriers in traps, is traced to thermally assisted photoionization of Eu2+ ions, supported by thermal quenching studies that give the thermal ionization threshold of Eu2+. The trapping of these delocalized electrons has been detected using the spectroscopic signature of Sm2+ ions created by electron capture by Sm3+ in samples doped with Eu2+ and Sm3+ ions. The final steps for phosphorescence, liberation of trapped carriers and recombination with the luminescence center, have also been studied by monitoring the Eu2+ luminescence induced by optical excitation into the Sm2+ 4f6→4f55d1 absorption band. These results show that the phosphorescence in this system starts with the promotion of electrons into the conduction band and subsequent reduction of RE3+ ions, not from hole formation and RE3+ oxidation, as has been reported for similar systems. Finally, the formation of Sm2+ after Eu2+ photoionization also allows for initial spectroscopic measurements of Sm2+ in Sr2MgSi2O7.
Cascaded Second Order Optical Nonlinearities in a Dielectric Metasurface (2022)

In this work, we prove the existence of cascaded second-order nonlinearities in a dielectric metasurface by analyzing the second and third wave mixing signal in conjunction with crystal symmetry and polarization selection rules.
Ab initiotheoretical study of magnetization and phase stability of the(Fe,Co,Ni)23B6and(Fe,Co,Ni)23Zr6structures ofCr23C6andMn23Th6prototypes (2008)

We present an ab initio theoretical investigation of the magnetization and phase stability of two different complex cubic structures of prototype ${\text{Cr}}_{23}{\text{C}}_{6}$ and ${\text{Mn}}_{23}{\text{Th}}_{6}$, with an emphasis on the ${(\text{Fe},\text{Co},\text{Ni})}_{23}{\text{B}}_{6}$ and ${(\text{Fe},\text{Co},\text{Ni})}_{23}{\text{Zr}}_{6}$ compositions. These phases have recently been observed as secondary or even primary crystallization products of (Fe,Co,Ni)-Zr-B and related metallic glasses that have been studied for applications as soft magnets with nanocrystalline grain size. We first demonstrate the validity of the theoretical technique employed through a detailed comparison between the predictions of the calculations for the Co-Zr binary system and the experimentally stable phases. We then investigate the magnetization and stability of the binary phases. While the Fe-based binary ${\text{Fe}}_{23}{\text{Zr}}_{6}$ and ${\text{Fe}}_{23}{\text{B}}_{6}$ phases are expected to have the highest magnetization, the Co-based binary ${\text{Co}}_{23}{\text{Zr}}_{6}$ and ${\text{Co}}_{23}{\text{B}}_{6}$ structures are predicted to be the most stable of each prototype. The ${\text{Co}}_{23}{\text{Zr}}_{6}$ structure is the only binary 23:6 structure predicted to be a stable phase for the ${(\text{Fe},\text{Co},\text{Ni})}_{23}{\text{B}}_{6}$ and ${(\text{Fe},\text{Co},\text{Ni})}_{23}{\text{Zr}}_{6}$ systems investigated here. Small additions of Zr atoms to the ${(\text{Fe},\text{Co},\text{Ni})}_{23}{\text{B}}_{6}$ phases tend to substitutionally occupy the $8c$ Wykoff site and stabilize these structures. In contrast, small additions of B to the ${(\text{Fe},\text{Co},\text{Ni})}_{23}{\text{Zr}}_{6}$ phases have a much weaker site preference and tend to destabilize these structures. As a result, ${(\text{Fe},\text{Co},\text{Ni})}_{23}{\text{B}}_{6}$ structures are stabilized in (Fe,Co,Ni)-Zr-B systems relative to the binary ${(\text{Fe},\text{Co},\text{Ni})}_{23}{\text{B}}_{6}$ systems while the ${(\text{Fe},\text{Co},\text{Ni})}_{23}{\text{Zr}}_{6}$ phases are not. The results presented in this work are in good qualitative agreement with experimental observations of the compositional modifications tending to promote formation of the 23:6 phases in Fe-Co-Zr-B and related metallic glasses.
Transport properties in MoS2 selective morphology system (2012)

Transport properties are studied in the MoS2 selective morphology system. Fluctuation-induced tunneling dominates in pressed pellets at temperatures up to about 90 K. At higher temperatures, variable range hopping (VRH) transport mechanism prevails, with diverse dimensionality and temperature range. In Mo6S2I8 nanowires, 1D VRH is shown, in MoS2 plate-like crystals 2D VRH and in MoS2 coaxial nanotubes and MoS2 size-controlled nanotubes 3D VRH is found. Decreasing of dimensionality is accompanied by an increase of the conductivity in MoS2 nanotubes, compared to the plate-like crystals. Transport properties are discussed in relation to the nature and density of defects, giving rise to changes in the electronic structure and influencing the scattering mechanism governing the charge transport.
Innovative Engineering Solutions (2011)

This article presents an overview of the workshop "Lessons Learned from Medical Systems Development" at the 32nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBS) on 31 August 2010. The workshop was designed to highlight the unique aspects of medical systems development in commercial settings.
Universal definition and classification of heart failure: a report of the Heart Failure Society of America, Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology, Japanese Heart Failure Society and Writing Committee of the Universal Definition of Heart Failure (2021)

In this document, we propose a universal definition of heart failure (HF) as a clinical syndrome with symptoms and/or signs caused by a structural and/or functional cardiac abnormality and corroborated by elevated natriuretic peptide levels and/or objective evidence of pulmonary or systemic congestion. We also propose revised stages of HF as: At risk for HF (Stage A), Pre-HF (Stage B), Symptomatic HF (Stage C) and Advanced HF (Stage D). Finally, we propose a new and revised classification of HF according to left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). This includes HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF): symptomatic HF with LVEF ≤40%; HF with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF): symptomatic HF with LVEF 41-49%; HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF): symptomatic HF with LVEF ≥50%; and HF with improved ejection fraction (HFimpEF): symptomatic HF with a baseline LVEF ≤40%, a ≥10 point increase from baseline LVEF, and a second measurement of LVEF > 40%.
Bilateral carotid artery stenosis causes unexpected early changes in brain extracellular matrix and blood-brain barrier integrity in mice (2018)

Bilateral carotid artery stenosis (BCAS) is one experimental model of vascular dementia thought to preferentially impact brain white matter. Indeed, few studies report hippocampal and cortical pathology prior to 30 days post-stenosis; though it is unclear whether those studies examined regions outside the white matter. Since changes in the blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability precede more overt brain pathology in various diseases, we hypothesized that changes within the BBB and/or BBB-associated extracellular matrix (ECM) could occur earlier after BCAS in the hippocampus, cortex and striatum and be a precursor of longer term pathology. Here, C57Bl/6 mice underwent BCAS or sham surgeries and changes in the BBB and ECM were analyzed by collagen IV (vascular basement membrane component), α5 integrin (marker of endothelial activation), claudin-5 and occludin (tight junction proteins), Evans blue (permeability marker), Ki-67 (cell proliferation marker), and GFAP and CD11b (glial cell markers) immunohistochemistry after 14 days. Significant changes in markers of cerebrovascular integrity and glial activation were detected, not only in the striatum, but also in the hippocampus and cortex. In conclusion, this study demonstrates for the first time that changes in the BBB/ECM occur shortly after BCAS and within multiple brain regions and suggests such changes might underlie the gradual development of BCAS non-white matter pathology.
Pathways signaling the regulatory volume decrease of cultured nonpigmented ciliary epithelial cells. (1994)

The pathways signaling the regulatory responses to swelling are unique for each cell type. The authors propose that hypotonic swelling of NPE cells stimulates arachidonic acid turnover, triggering PGE2-mediated upregulation of K+ channels and epoxide-mediated upregulation of Cl- channels. Swelling may also reduce endogenous PKC activity, further upregulating Cl- channels. Calcium-calmodulin plays a permissive role in upregulating the Cl- channels.
Nerve repair by light (2015)

This chapter briefly covers the signs and symptoms of all the most common and important neural pathologies that may occur in the head and neck region, and particularly in the oral cavity. It particularly concentrates on treatment directed at improving the injured nerve responses by stimulating them with light. Light is a very versatile tool when used to treat nerve lesions and its use has been increasing in recent times. Pinheiro et al. confirmed that low level laser therapy (LLLT) is an effective tool and is beneficial for the treatment of many disorders of the maxillofacial region, including trigeminal neuralgia (TN). The Rochkind group was the first to study LLLT in the treatment of severely injured peripheral nerves and also injuries to the central nervous system (CNS). Many studies have investigated the effects of phototherapy on nerve regeneration in humans.
NSP4, a novel elastase-related protease with unique specificity is produced by human neutrophils (2012)

Neutrophil serine proteases (NSPs) in cytoplasmic granules of neutrophils are regarded as important antimicrobial defence weapons after endocytosis and exposure of pathogens to the content of primary granules. Despite intensive studies on NSPs during the last three decades, only three active serine proteases, neutrophil elastase (NE), cathepsin G (CG) and proteinase 3 (PR3) expressed and stored by these short-lived cells were encountered. Here we report on the discovery of a fourth serine protease (NSP4) with unique elastase activity. Although amino acid residues are only 40% identical with PR3 and NE, many features like propeptide processing by cathepsin C, storage and release as an active enzyme and cleavage of Ala-Pro-Nva-thiobenzylesters are shared with them. 
We prepared and identified specific monoclonal antibodies to NSP4 in rats, excluded cross-reactivity to all five granzymes, NE, CG, PR3, azurocidin and stained different human tissues and blood leukocyte populations. To our surprise only granulocyte precursors and neutrophil populations from peripheral blood were positive. Upon neutrophil activation, NSP4 was released into the supernatant, but the content of NSP4 in neutrophil lysates was about 20 fold lower than that of CG using purified CG and recombinant NSP4 as protein standards in Western blotting. NSP4 was active towards some tripeptide-thiobenzylesters cleaving after aliphatic hydrophobic residues. It was moderately inhibited by the natural serine protease inhibitors a1PI and elafin indicating a distinct extended peptide specificity of this novel NSP. Functional specialization and preferred natural substrates of NSP4 remain to be determined in order to understand the biological interplay of all four NSPs during neutrophil responses.
Extremely Non-Degenerate Two-Photon Emission in Direct-Gap Semiconductors (2012)

We perform a theoretical and experimental study of extreme nondegenerate two-photon stimulated emission in bulk GaAs. We calculate two-photon gain coefficient for various photon energies. A three beam experiment is conducted to observe two-photon gain.
A general framework for nonlinear multigrid inversion (2004)

A variety of new imaging modalities, such as optical diffusion tomography, require the inversion of a forward problem that is modeled by the solution to a three-dimensional partial differential equation. For these applications, image reconstruction is particularly difficult because the forward problem is both nonlinear and computationally expensive to evaluate. In this paper, we propose a general framework for nonlinear multigrid inversion that is applicable to a wide variety of inverse problems. The multigrid inversion algorithm results from the application of recursive multigrid techniques to the solution of optimization problems arising from inverse problems. The method works by dynamically adjusting the cost functionals at different scales so that they are consistent with, and ultimately reduce, the finest scale cost functional. In this way, the multigrid inversion algorithm efficiently computes the solution to the desired fine-scale inversion problem. Importantly, the new algorithm can greatly reduce computation because both the forward and inverse problems are more coarsely discretized at lower resolutions. An application of our method to Bayesian optical diffusion tomography with a generalized Gaussian Markov random-field image prior model shows the potential for very large computational savings. Numerical data also indicates robust convergence with a range of initialization conditions for this nonconvex optimization problem.
Analysis of Peripheral Nerve Expression Profiles Identifies a Novel Myelin Glycoprotein, MP11 (2008)

The myelin sheath insulates axons and allows for rapid salutatory conduction in the nervous system of all vertebrates. The formation of peripheral myelin requires expression of the transcription factor Egr2, which is responsible for inducing such essential myelin-associated genes as Mpz, Mbp, Pmp22, and Mag. Using microarray analysis to compare gene expression patterns in peripheral nerve during development, during remyelination after nerve injury, and in a congenital hypomyelinating mouse model, we identified an evolutionarily conserved novel component of myelin called Mp11 (myelin protein of 11 kDa). The Mp11 genomic locus contains multiple conserved Egr binding sites, and Mp11 induction is regulated by the expression of Egr2. Similar to other Egr2-dependent genes, it is induced during developmental myelination and remyelination after nerve injury. Mp11 is a glycoprotein expressed preferentially in the myelin of the peripheral nervous system versus CNS and is specifically localized to the Schmidt-Lanterman incisures and paranodes of peripheral nerve. The Mp11 protein contains no identifiable similarity to other known protein domains or motifs. However, like other myelin genes, strict Mp11 expression levels are a requirement for the in vitro myelination of DRG neurons, indicating that this previously uncharacterized gene product is a critical component of peripheral nervous system myelin.
X-ray identification of the superconducting high-Tcphase in the Y-Ba-Cu-O system (1987)

The phase responsible for superconductivity above 90 K in the Y-Ba-Cu-O system has been tentatively identified as the ${\mathrm{La}}_{3\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{x}}$${\mathrm{Ba}}_{3+\mathrm{x}}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{6}$${\mathrm{O}}_{14+\mathrm{y}}$-type structure through a combination of x-ray diffraction and superconducting transport measurements.
Standardizing resistive indices in healthy pediatric transplant recipients of adult-sized kidneys (2009)

Small pediatric recipients of an adult-sized kidney have insufficient renal blood flow early after transplantation, with secondary chronic hypoperfusion and irreversible histological damage of the tubulo-interstitial compartment. It is unknown whether this is reflected by renal resistive indices. We measured renal graft resistive indices and volumes of 47 healthy pediatric kidney transplant recipients of an adult-sized kidney in a prospective study for six months post-transplant. A total of 205 measurements were performed. The smallest recipients (BSA <or=0.75 m(2)) had higher resistive indices compared to recipients with a BSA between 0.75 and 1.5 m(2) (p < 0.0001) and to recipients with a BSA >or= 1.5 m(2) (p < 0.0001). Resistive indices increased during the first six months in the smallest recipients (p = 0.02), but not in the two larger recipient groups (BSA 0.75-1.5 m(2) and >or=1.5 m(2)). All three BSA groups showed a reduction in renal volume after transplantation, with the greatest reduction occurring in the smallest recipients. In conclusion, renal transplant resistive indices reflect pediatric recipient BSA dependency. The higher resistance to intra-renal vascular flow and significant decrease in renal volume in the smallest group likely reflect accommodation of the size discrepant transplanted adult-sized kidney to the smaller pediatric recipient vasculature with associated lower renal artery flow.
Noise Source Localization on a Small Wind Turbine Using a Compact Microphone Array with Advanced Beamforming Algorithms: Part I — A Study of Aerodynamic Noise from Blades (2014)

Small wind turbines, which are increasingly being used near residential areas, sound louder than their larger counter parts due to their close proximity to dwellings. Previous noise measurements on small scale wind turbines were performed using single microphones which only provide an overall estimate of the total noise emitted from the wind turbine. For wind turbine manufacturers trying to address the issue of noise reduction through design, the knowledge of the dominant noise source location and source mechanisms is important. This information can be obtained using a microphone array and sophisticated beamforming algorithms. In this paper we use a compact microphone array to locate and quantify noise sources on a small (8 kW) Viryd 8000 wind turbine. The results from the microphone array show that we are able to successfully locate and separate both mechanical and aerodynamic noise on the wind turbine using advanced deconvolution algorithms such as TIDY, CLEAN based on Source Coherence (CLEAN-SC), and Deconvolution Approach for Mapping Acoustic Sources (DAMAS). For frequencies above 4000 Hz, aerodynamic noise appears to be the dominant noise source and for frequencies below 3000 Hz, mechanical noise from the nacelle appears to be the dominant noise source.
Experimental and Theoretical Study on the Role of Monomeric vs Dimeric Rhodium Oxazolidinone Norbornadiene Complexes in Catalytic Asymmetric 1,2- and 1,4-Additions (2020)

The influence of nuclearity and charge of chiral Rh diene complexes on the activity and enantioselectivity in catalytic asymmetric 1,2-additions of organoboron reagents to N-tosylimines and 1,4-additions to enones was investigated. For this purpose, cationic dimeric Rh(I) complex [(Rh(1))2Cl]SbF6 and cationic monomeric Rh(I) complex [RhOH2(2)]SbF6 were synthesized from oxazolidinone-substituted 3-phenylnorbornadiene ligands 1 and 2, which differ in the substitution pattern at oxazolidinone C-5′ (CMe2 vs CH2) and compared with the corresponding neutral dimeric and monomeric Rh(I) complexes [RhCl(1)]2 and [RhCl(2)]. Structural, electronic, and mechanistic insights were gained by X-ray crystallography, cyclic voltammetry (CV), X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and DFT calculations. CV revealed an increased stability of cationic vs neutral Rh complexes toward oxidation. Comparison of solid-state and solution XAS (extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES)) data showed that the monomeric Rh complex [RhCl(2)] maintained its electronic state and coordination sphere in solution, whereas the dimeric Rh complex [RhCl(1)]2 exchanges bridging chloro ligands by dioxane molecules in solution. In both 1,2- and 1,4-addition reactions, monomeric Rh complexes [RhCl(2)] and [RhOH2(2)]SbF6 gave better yields as compared to dimeric complexes [RhCl(1)]2 and [(Rh(1))2Cl]SbF6. Regarding enantioselectivities, dimeric Rh species [RhCl(1)]2 and [(Rh(1))2Cl]SbF6 performed better than monomeric Rh species in the 1,2-addition, while the opposite was true for the 1,4-addition. Neutral Rh complexes performed better than cationic complexes. Microemulsions improved the yields of 1,2-additions due to a most probable enrichment of Rh complexes in the amphiphilic film and provided a strong influence of the complex nuclearity and charge on the stereocontrol. A strong nonlinear-like effect (NLLE) was observed in 1,2-additions, when diastereomeric mixtures of ligands 1 and epi-1 were employed. The pronounced substrate dependency of the 1,4-addition could be rationalized by DFT calculations.
Fibre - Reinforced Concretes (FRC) - BEFIB' 2000- Proceedings of the Fifth International RILEM Symposium - 13-15 September 2000 - Lyon - France (2000)

BEFIB' 2000 est le cinquieme congres organise par la RILEM sur le theme des betons de fibres. Il s'est attache au developpement des applications industrielles ainsi qu'aux aspects technologiques. Les themes abordes ont ete les suivants : Melange et mise en place; Applications aux constructions; Methodes de conception et de modelisation; Proprietes mecaniques; Durabilite; Proprietes physiques et chimiques; Betons de fibres a hautes et ultra-performances.
Immunoreactivity for A103, an Antibody to Melan-A (Mart-1), in Adrenocortical and Other Steroid Tumors (1998)

The Melan-A (MART-1) gene encodes an antigen recognized by cytotoxic T cells. It has been said to be restricted in its expression to melanocytes. However, here we report the presence of immunoreactivity for A103, an antibody to Melan-A, in five adrenocortical adenomas, 16 primary and 13 metastatic adrenocortical carcinomas, four Leydig cell tumors of the testis, and three Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors of the ovary. To evaluate the potential diagnostic role of this antibody, we studied immunoreactivity for A103 in 111 carcinomas, 40 germ cell tumors, and 33 miscellaneous nonmelanocytic epithelioid tumors. All of them were negative for A103. Our findings suggest that once melanoma is excluded, A103 can aid in the recognition of steroid hormone-producing tumors and may be particularly useful in the diagnosis of adrenocortical carcinoma. The presence of immunoreactivity for A103 practically excludes any other carcinoma that may enter into the differential diagnosis of adrenocortical tumors.
A white paper on nematode comparative genomics. (2005)

In response to the new opportunities for genome sequencing and comparative genomics, the Society of Nematology (SON) formed a committee to develop a white paper in support of the broad scientific needs associated with this phylum and interests of SON members. Although genome sequencing is expensive, the data generated are unique in biological systems in that genomes have the potential to be complete (every base of the genome can be accounted for), accurate (the data are digital and not subject to stochastic variation), and permanent (once obtained, the genome of a species does not need to be experimentally re-sampled). The availability of complete, accurate, and permanent genome sequences from diverse nematode species will underpin future studies into the biology and evolution of this phylum and the ecological associations (particularly parasitic) nematodes have with other organisms. We anticipate that upwards of 100 nematode genomes will be solved to varying levels of completion in the coming decade and suggest biological and practical considerations to guide the selection of the most informative taxa for sequencing.