gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A simple approach for the suppression of Rician interference in a relay backhaul using limited feedback (2018)

The benefits of Decode and Forward (DF) relaying span from deployment flexibility to coverage extension and improved capacity distribution in the network. Accordingly, relaying has become an integral part of the modern radio access network standards. Besides the evident benefits of DF relaying, the fact is that it uses part of the valuable radio access resources for the communication between network elements. Thus, the amount of radio resources allocated to the Relay Link (RL) between serving Donor Base Station (DBS) and the Relay Node (RN) should be minimised. This easily makes the RL a bottleneck in conventional two-hop infrastructure relaying. Furthermore, current mobile systems apply universal frequency reuse in macrocell deployments where macrocell BS's serve RN's as well. As a result, RL's may suffer from severe interference. We propose a practical limited feedback approach that can be used to simultaneously improve the signal strength and to suppress the interference in the RL. To that end, we deduce analytical formulae for the distribution of the Signal to Interference and Noise Ratio (SINR) in the RL by assuming Rice and Rayleigh fading combinations in desired and interfering links. Furthermore, we compute two-hop end-to-end (e2e) outage probabilities for different interference and limited feedback scenarios. Results show that especially in Rice fading environment, large performance gains can be obtained with only few bits feedback in case where RL has scarce radio resources and suffers from dominant interferer. This makes the proposed method very feasible for the infrastructure relaying where RN's can be placed either in the rooftop level or other locations that provide a line of sight towards macro BS's.
Consensus statement on the diagnosis and management of arrhythmias associated with cardiac sarcoidosis (2016)

Recently, a consensus document on the diagnosis and management of cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) was published.1 This consensus statement was written by experts representing the Heart Rhythm Society, European Heart Rhythm Association, World Association for Sarcoidosis and other Granulomatous Disorders (WASOG), American College of Chest Physicians, American Heart Association the American College of Cardiology and the Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society.

The statement was a worldwide effort to address the clinical questions faced by physicians looking after patients with CS in the absence of conclusive clinical data. Although we consider that the recommendations will help in the care of these patients, it is perhaps only a foundation point for comprehending this poorly understood disease. Developing guidelines for uncommon conditions requires adapting the usual methodology for preparing these documents. Most obviously, there are limited randomised and/or blinded studies in the field. Therefore, all recommendations are level of evidence C (ie, expert opinions). The key recommendations are reviewed below.

Sarcoidosis is a disease of unknown aetiology with non-caseating granulomas being the key pathological finding. The lungs are the most commonly affected organ but the disease may also variably occur in the heart, skin, liver, spleen, eye, peripheral lymph nodes and other organs. Recent data suggests that the disease is due to an unidentified antigenic trigger provoking an abnormal immunological response in genetically susceptible individuals. Sarcoidosis occurs worldwide, with the highest rates reported in African–American and Northern Europeans, particularly in women. The overall disease prevalence varies between about 4.7 and 64 in 100 000.

Clinically manifest cardiac involvement is reported in approximately 5% of patients with sarcoidosis. Features of CS are dependent on the activity, extent and location of the disease. The three main manifestations are (1) conduction abnormalities, (2) ventricular arrhythmias including unheralded sudden cardiac death and (3) heart failure. Also, it is …
Left hippocampal dosimetry correlates with visual and verbal memory outcomes in survivors of pediatric brain tumors (2018)

BACKGROUND Radiotherapy (RT) in the pediatric brain tumor population causes late neurocognitive effects. In the current study, the authors investigated associations between clinical and dosimetric risk factors and memory outcomes in a cohort of patients treated with proton radiotherapy (PRT). METHODS A total of 70 patients (median age at PRT, 12.1 years [range, 5.0‐22.5 years]) who were treated with PRT were identified with baseline and follow‐up evaluations of visual and verbal memory (Children's Memory Scale and the third edition of the Wechsler Memory Scale). Whole‐brain as well as bilateral hippocampal and temporal lobe contours were delineated for the calculation of dosimetric indices. Multivariate analyses were performed to assess associations of score changes over time with clinical factors and dosimetric indices. RESULTS The median neurocognitive follow‐up was 3.0 years (range, 1.1‐11.4 years). For the entire cohort, delayed and immediate verbal memory scaled scores demonstrated small declines. The mean decline for delayed verbal memory scores was 0.6 ( P = .01), and that for immediate verbal memory scores was 0.5 ( P = .06). Immediate and delayed visual memory scores were not found to change significantly (+0.1 and ‐0.3, respectively; P &gt;.30). A higher left hippocampal V 20GyE (percentage of the volume of a particular anatomical region receiving at least a 20 gray equivalent) was correlated with a score decline in all 4 measures. Female sex was found to be predictive of lower delayed verbal memory follow‐up scores ( P = .035). CONCLUSIONS Only delayed verbal memory scores were found to have declined statistically significantly at follow‐up after PRT, reflecting some weakness in verbal memory retrieval. Given a correlation of left hippocampal dosimetry and memory outcomes after PRT, left hippocampal‐sparing PRT plans may assist patients with pediatric brain tumors in preserving memory‐retrieval abilities. Cancer 2018;124:2238‐45. © 2018 American Cancer Society .
Resilient Cyberphysical Systems and their Application Drivers: A Technology Roadmap (2019)

Cyberphysical systems (CPS) are ubiquitous in our personal and professional lives, and they promise to dramatically improve micro-communities (e.g., urban farms, hospitals), macro-communities (e.g., cities and metropolises), urban structures (e.g., smart homes and cars), and living structures (e.g., human bodies, synthetic genomes). The question that we address in this article pertains to designing these CPS systems to be resilient-from-the-ground-up, and through progressive learning, resilient-by-reaction. An optimally designed system is resilient to both unique attacks and recurrent attacks, the latter with a lower overhead. Overall, the notion of resilience can be thought of in the light of three main sources of lack of resilience, as follows: exogenous factors, such as natural variations and attack scenarios; mismatch between engineered designs and exogenous factors ranging from DDoS (distributed denial-of-service) attacks or other cybersecurity nightmares, so called "black swan" events, disabling critical services of the municipal electrical grids and other connected infrastructures, data breaches, and network failures; and the fragility of engineered designs themselves encompassing bugs, human-computer interactions (HCI), and the overall complexity of real-world systems. In the paper, our focus is on design and deployment innovations that are broadly applicable across a range of CPS application areas.
Identification and Characterization of Small Molecule Modulators of the Epstein–Barr Virus-Induced Gene 2 (EBI2) Receptor (2014)

Oxysterols have recently been identified as natural ligands for a G protein-coupled receptor called EBI2 (aka GPR183) ( Nature 2011 , 475 , 524 ; 519 ). EBI2 is highly expressed in immune cells ( J. Biol. Chem. 2006 , 281 , 13199 ), and its activation has been shown to be critical for the adaptive immune response and has been genetically linked to autoimmune diseases such as type I diabetes ( Nature 2010 , 467 , 460 ). Here we describe the isolation of a potent small molecule antagonist for the EBI2 receptor. First, we identified a small molecule agonist NIBR51 (1), which enabled identification of inhibitors of receptor activation. One antagonist called NIBR127 (2) was used as a starting point for a medicinal chemistry campaign, which yielded NIBR189 (4m). This compound was extensively characterized in binding and various functional signaling assays. Furthermore, we have used 4m to block migration of a monocyte cell line called U937, suggesting a functional role of the oxysterol/EBI2 pathway in these immune cells.
New developments in ligand-stabilized metal oxide nanoparticle photoresists for EUV lithography (2015)

The introduction of EUV lithography to manufacturing requires the development of both new EUV exposure tools and photoresists. The main challenges for photoresists are to achieve high resolution, and low roughness patterning at very high sensitivity given the limited intensity of current sources. A new class of photoresist formed from ligand-stabilized metal oxide nanoparticles shows extraordinary sensitivity for EUV lithography. These nanoparticles are processed in traditional organic solvents for both deposition and development as negative tone resist; positive tone images are possible if the aqueous base developer is used in addition to a post-exposure bake step. This paper presents new developments in the study of ligand-stabilized nanoparticle photoresists for EUV lithography. It is our current understanding that a key aspect of the solubility change of these photoresists during exposure involves ligand displacement by anions generated from photoactive compounds such as sulfonic acid photoacid generators. Both positive and negative tone patterning are possible and depend on thermal treatment history and choice of developer. On the basis of a non-chemically amplified ligand exchange mechanism, new resist structures were created. Both aromatic and aliphatic carboxylic acids with different functional groups have been studied in the formation of the nanoparticles and include dimethylacrylic acid, isobutyric acid, toluic acid. It has been shown that those nanoparticles with higher binding affinity ligands show better resolution and line edge roughness under EUV exposure. Some formulations demonstrate EUV sensitivity as high as 1.4 mJ/cm2, while other formulations demonstrate that improved LER values of 3-5nm. The overall resolution, sensitivity and roughness tradeoff has been evaluated and provides an understanding of structure - property relationships. In this paper, we also discuss major efforts on the further understanding of the patterning mechanism. By testing the dissolution rate and plotting it in Hansen interaction triangles, we can compare the differences between different formulations and choose a suitable developer for each formulation. We also used the dissolution rate study to confirm the important role of PAG and ligand exchange for pattern formation. In addition, aspects of the EHS properties of these new photoresists have been investigated and will be discussed.
Free energy calculations on binding and catalysis by α‐lytic protease: The role of substrate size in the P1 pocket (1991)

We present free energy calculations using molecular dynamics on different substrates of alpha-lytic protease in the gas phase, in solution, while forming a noncovalent Michaelis complex with the enzyme, and in a tetrahedral structure representing a transition state/intermediate for acylation by the enzyme. Various P1 substrates were studied, with P1 = Gly, Ala, Val, and Leu. In qualitative agreement with experiment, the enzyme was calculated to bind and catalyze most effectively substrates with P1 = Ala over those with P1 = Gly, Val or Leu. Also, the calculated relative solvation free energies of Gly----Ala and Ala----Val were in qualitative agreement with experimental values in corresponding model systems. However, the level of quantitative agreement with experiment achieved in our earlier study of relative binding and catalysis of native subtilisin and an Asn-155----Ala mutant was not achieved. We surmise that this is due to the greater difficulty in quantitatively simulating effects that are predominantly van der Waals and hydrophobic compared to those that are hydrogen bonding/electrostatic.
Verhalten des Flußkontrastes bei schneller MR-Angiographie mit einer EKG-getriggerten, schichtselektiven Inversion-recovery-Turbo-FLASH-Technik (1996)

With ECG triggering SSIR Turbo-FLASH MRA enables fast imaging of pulsatile vessels with optimised flow contrast.
Crystallization and Chemical Strengthening of Stuffed β‐Quartz Glass‐Ceramics (1967)

Metastable solid solutions with the β‐quartz structure can be crystallized from most glasses in the system SiO 2 ‐Mg(AlO 2 ) 2 ‐LiAlO 2 as well as from many containing the additional components Zn(AlO 2 ) 2 Al(AlO 2 ) 3 , Li 2 ZnO 2 , and Li 2 BeO 2 . Internal nucleation is afforded by additions of ZrO 2 or TiO 2 . Either transparent or opaque crystalline materials can be formed from glasses containing about 70% SiO 2 . The transparency is due to a combination of low birefringence in the major stuffed β‐quartz phase and minute crystal size. Thermal expansions vary from ‐20 to +50 × 10 −7 /°C. Thermal stability is highly variable. Breakdown products include spinel, cordierite, β‐spodumene, willemite, mullite, and cristobalite. Magnesian compositions can be strengthened by a 2Li + ⇌ Mg 2+ ionexchange reaction. Abraded flexural strengths range from 30,000 to 160,000 psi.
Ultrasound Imaging and Measurement of Choroidal Blood Flow (2018)

Characterization of choroidal flow dynamics offers a novel means for assessment of the choroid's role in ocular disease.
Undulatory Delamination of Thin Polymer Films on Gold Surfaces (2005)

Using two-dimensional surface plasmon resonance measurements, we have observed the formation of traveling waves in the delamination of thin films of polydimethylsilane (PDMS) exposed to methanol. Films were spin-coated on a gold surface and the methanol was added to the top surface. The stress-induced instability caused by the swelling of the PDMS thin film when its edge is pinned to the gold surface leads to wrinkle formation and propagation at the interface. The periodic pattern is thought to be the result of an Asaro-Tiller-Grinfeld (ATG) instability.
Thermally induced nonlinear mode coupling in high power fiber amplifiers (2013)

Thermally induced nonlinear mode coupling leads to transverse mode instability (TMI) in high power fiber amplifiers. A numerical model including altering mode profiles from thermal effects and waveguide perturbations predicts a TMI threshold of ~100W.
High-Throughput Peptide Mass Mapping Using a Microdevice Containing Trypsin Immobilized on a Porous Polymer Monolith Coupled to MALDI TOF and ESI TOF Mass Spectrometers (2002)

An enzymatic microreactor with a volume of 470 nL has been prepared by immobilizing trypsin on a 10 cm long reactive porous polymer monolith located in a 100 microm i.d. fused silica capillary. This reactor affords suitable degrees of digestion of proteins even after very short residence times of less than 1 min. The performance is demonstrated with the digestion of eight proteins ranging in molecular mass from 2848 to 77 754. The digests were analyzed using mass spectrometry in two modes: off-line MALDI and in-line nanoelectrospray ionization. The large numbers of identified peptides enable a high degree of sequence coverage and positive identification of the proteins. The extent of sequence coverage decreases as the molecular mass of the digested protein increases.
Coplanar striplines for THz frequencies: design, fabrication and measurements (2005)

We investigate the feasibility of coplanar striplines (CPS) in conjunction with infrared (IR) detectors. Since attenuation and dispersion issues dominate at IR, the analytical formulas for transmission line parameters valid below a few hundred GHz are not applicable at IR. Therefore, we perform numerical modeling to determine these parameters at 28.3 THz. Comparison of modeling with measured voltage response is presented.
Theory and associated phenomenology for intrinsic mortality arising from natural selection (2017)

Standard evolutionary theories of aging and mortality, implicitly based on assumptions of spatial averaging, hold that natural selection cannot favor shorter lifespan without direct compensating benefit to individual reproductive success. However, a number of empirical observations appear as exceptions to or are difficult to reconcile with this view, suggesting explicit lifespan control or programmed death mechanisms inconsistent with the classic understanding. Moreover, evolutionary models that take into account the spatial distributions of populations have been shown to exhibit a variety of self-limiting behaviors, maintained through environmental feedback. Here we extend recent work on spatial modeling of lifespan evolution, showing that both theory and phenomenology are consistent with programmed death. Spatial models show that self-limited lifespan robustly results in long-term benefit to a lineage; longer-lived variants may have a reproductive advantage for many generations, but shorter lifespan ultimately confers long-term reproductive advantage through environmental feedback acting on much longer time scales. Numerous model variations produce the same qualitative result, demonstrating insensitivity to detailed assumptions; the key conditions under which self-limited lifespan is favored are spatial extent and locally exhaustible resources. Factors including lower resource availability, higher consumption, and lower dispersal range are associated with evolution of shorter lifespan. A variety of empirical observations can parsimoniously be explained in terms of long-term selective advantage for intrinsic mortality. Classically anomalous empirical data on natural lifespans and intrinsic mortality, including observations of longer lifespan associated with increased predation, and evidence of programmed death in both unicellular and multicellular organisms, are consistent with specific model predictions. The generic nature of the spatial model conditions under which intrinsic mortality is favored suggests a firm theoretical basis for the idea that evolution can quite generally select for shorter lifespan directly.
Data from Molecular Analysis of Plasma DNA for the Early Detection of Lung Cancer by Quantitative Methylation-Specific PCR (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Aberrant promoter hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes is a promising marker for lung cancer detection. We investigated the likelihood of detecting aberrant DNA methylation of tumor suppressor genes in plasma samples of patients with abnormalities of the lung detected upon computed tomography (CT) scan.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; In a small evaluation cohort, four gene promoters (&lt;i&gt;DCC, Kif1a, NISCH,&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Rarb&lt;/i&gt;) were found to be methylated with increased frequency in samples from cancer patients specifically. We then examined DNA from 93 plasma samples from patients with abnormal findings in the lung detected upon CT scan for aberrant methylation of these four gene promoters by quantitative fluorogenic real-time PCR. The patients were divided into two groups, ground glass opacity (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 23) and cancerous tumors (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 70). Plasma DNA from age-matched nodule-free individuals were used as controls (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 80).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; In plasma, 73% of patients with cancerous tumors showed methylation of at least one gene with a specificity of 71% (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.0001). Only 22% patients with ground glass opacity exhibited methylation of at least one gene. When smoking history was taken into account, 72% of cancer patients with no smoking history or those who smoked &lt;20 pack-years showed methylation of at least one gene with 100% specificity (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.05) when compared with matched controls. Among heavy smokers with 20+ pack-years of smoking history, 30% of the control group and 73% of the patients with cancerous tumors showed methylation (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.0001).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; These biomarkers can distinguish between cancerous and noncancerous abnormal CT findings. Clin Cancer Res; 16(13); 3463–72. ©2010 AACR.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Glyco-functionalized dinuclear rhenium(i) complexes for cell imaging (2017)

The design, synthesis and photophysical characterization of four new luminescent glycosylated luminophores based on dinuclear rhenium complexes, namely Glyco-Re, are described. The derivatives have the general formula [Re<sub>2</sub>(μ-Cl)<sub>2</sub>(CO)<sub>6</sub>(μ-pydz-R)] (R-pydz = functionalized 1,2-pyridazine), where a sugar residue (R) is covalently bound to the pyridazine ligand in the β position. Different synthetic pathways have been investigated including the so-called neo-glycorandomization procedure, affording stereoselectively glyco-conjugates containing glucose and maltose in a β anomeric configuration. A multivalent dinuclear rhenium glycodendron bearing three glucose units is also synthesized. All the Glyco-Re conjugates are comprehensively characterized and their photophysical properties and cellular internalization experiments on human cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa) cells are reported. The results show that such Glyco-Re complexes display interesting bio-imaging properties, i.e. high cell permeability, organelle selectivity, low cytotoxicity and fast internalization. These findings make the presented Glyco-Re derivatives efficient phosphorescent probes suitable for cell imaging application.
Blind Compensation of I/Q Impairments in Wireless Transceivers (2017)

The majority of techniques that deal with the mitigation of in-phase and quadrature-phase (<i>I</i>/<i>Q</i>) imbalance at the transmitter (pre-compensation) require long training sequences, reducing the throughput of the system. These techniques also require a feedback path, which adds more complexity and cost to the transmitter architecture. Blind estimation techniques are attractive for avoiding the use of long training sequences. In this paper, we propose a blind frequency-independent <i>I</i>/<i>Q</i> imbalance compensation method based on the maximum likelihood (ML) estimation of the imbalance parameters of a transceiver. A closed-form joint probability density function (PDF) for the imbalanced <i>I</i> and <i>Q</i> signals is derived and validated. ML estimation is then used to estimate the imbalance parameters using the derived joint PDF of the output <i>I</i> and <i>Q</i> signals. Various figures of merit have been used to evaluate the efficacy of the proposed approach using extensive computer simulations and measurements. Additionally, the bit error rate curves show the effectiveness of the proposed method in the presence of the wireless channel and Additive White Gaussian Noise. Real-world experimental results show an image rejection of greater than 30 dB as compared to the uncompensated system. This method has also been found to be robust in the presence of practical system impairments, such as time and phase delay mismatches.