gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-Grade Glioma Formation Results from Postnatal Pten Loss or Mutant Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Expression in a Transgenic Mouse Glioma Model (2006)

High-grade gliomas are devastating brain tumors associated with a mean survival of <50 weeks. Two of the most common genetic changes observed in these tumors are overexpression/mutation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) vIII and loss of PTEN/MMAC1 expression. To determine whether somatically acquired EGFRvIII expression or Pten loss accelerates high-grade glioma development, we used a previously characterized RasB8 glioma-prone mouse strain, in which these specific genetic changes were focally introduced at 4 weeks of age. We show that both postnatal EGFRvIII expression and Pten inactivation in RasB8 mice potentiate high-grade glioma development. Moreover, we observe a concordant loss of Pten and EGFR overexpression in nearly all high-grade gliomas induced by either EGFRvIII introduction or Pten inactivation. This novel preclinical model of high-grade glioma will be useful in evaluating brain tumor therapies targeted to the pathways specifically dysregulated by EGFR expression or Pten loss.
Synthesis of an analogue of the bisphosphonate drug Ibandronate for targeted drug-delivery therapeutic strategies (2010)

An analogue of the bisphosphonate drug Ibandronate was prepared and coupled via a cleavable ester function to a bromoacetyl linker with specific reactivity for thiol groups. This compound should find useful applications in therapeutic strategies aiming to deliver bisphosphonate drugs specifically to cancer cells making use of proteins as vectors. The specific delivery of bisphosphonates to cancer cells instead of bone, the usual site of accumulation of these cytotoxic drugs, could greatly widen their therapeutic applications.
A Semisynthetic Strategy to Generate Phosphorylated and Acetylated Histone H2B (2009)

Synthesis of modified H2B: Semisynthetic modified histone proteins are valuable tools in epigenetic research. Here we describe a novel traceless ligation strategy for histone H2B that provides synthetic access to acetylated and phosphorylated analogues of the protein. These proteins were then applied to biochemical assays to highlight the potential shortcomings inherent in antibody-generated data sets. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Amygdalostriatal transition zone neurons encode sustained valence to direct conditioned behaviors (2022)

SUMMARY In order to respond appropriately to threats in the environment, the brain must rapidly determine whether a stimulus is important and whether it is positive or negative, and then use that information to direct behavioral responses. Neurons in the amygdala have long been implicated in valence encoding and in fear responses to threatening stimuli, but show transient firing responses in response to these stimuli that do not match the timescales of associated behavioral responses. For decades, there has been a logical gap in how behavioral responses could be mediated without an ensemble representation of the internal state of valence that has rapid onset, high signal-to-noise, and is sustained for the duration of the behavioral state. Here, we present the amygdalostriatal transition zone (ASt) as a missing piece of this highly conserved process that is of paramount importance for survival, which does exactly this: represents an internal state (e.g. fear) that can be expressed in multiple motor outputs (e.g. freezing or escape). The ASt is anatomically positioned as a “shortcut” to connect the corticolimbic system (important for evaluation) with the basal ganglia (important for action selection) with the inputs of the amygdala and the outputs of the striatum – ideally poised for evaluating and responding to environmental threats. From in vivo cellular resolution recordings that include both electrophysiology and calcium imaging, we find that ASt neurons are unique in that they are sparse coding, extremely high signal-to-noise, and also maintain a sustained response for negative valence stimuli for the duration of the defensive behavior – a rare but essential combination. We further show that photostimulation of the ASt is sufficient to drive freezing and avoidance behaviors. Using single-nucleus RNA sequencing and in situ RNA labelling we generate a comprehensive profile of cell types and gene expression in the ASt, and find the ASt is genetically distinct from adjacent striatal and amygdalar structures. We also find that the ASt has a greater proportion of neurons expressing Drd2 than neurons expressing Drd1a , a unique feature compared to other regions of the striatum. Using in vivo calcium imaging, we show that that this Drd2+ population robustly encodes stimuli of negative valence, and in loss-of-function experiments find that optogenetic inhibition of Drd2+ ASt neurons causes a striking reduction in cue-conditioned fear responses. Together, our findings identify the ASt as a previously-unappreciated critical missing link for encoding learned associations and directing ongoing behavior.
Obesity Does Not Increase Complication Rate of Percutaneous Epicardial Access (2014)

Percutaneous epicardial access, mapping, and ablation can be performed in obese individuals with similar outcomes to those of lower weight category. Obesity should not preclude the use of percutaneous epicardial access when clinically indicated.
Enhanced Electrical Properties of PVDF-TrFE Nanocomposite for Actuator Application (2014)

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) coated by compatibilizer (P3HT-PMMA) imparted sta-ble dispersion in organic solvents and polymer matrix (P(VDF-TrFE)). The compatibility be-tween CNTs with P3HT-PMMA was con rmed by measuring Raman spectroscopy. CoatedCNTs were then blended with P(VDF-TrFE) (70:30 mol%) to obtain polymer nanocompositesby solution- casting process. Polymer nanocomposites showed enhanced electrical characteris-tics, as nanocomposites near the threshold of the transition between P(VDF-TrFE) insulatorand CNT conductor revealed great improvement of electrical conductivity up to 10-6 S/cmat 1 KHz. Electromechanical properties of the polymer nanocomposite were examined as afunction of electric eld.
Inhibitors of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase: Novel C‐5 Substituted Anilinoquinazolines Designed to Target the Ribose Pocket. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Evaluation of Elbow Flexion as a Predictor of Outcome in Obstetrical Brachial Plexus Palsy (2007)

Early elbow flexion alone is not a sufficient criterion to recommend a nonoperative approach. In addition, spontaneous recovery of useful upper extremity function has been observed in a carefully selected subset of patients without elbow flexion at 3 months.
Single Tracking Location Methods Suppress Speckle Noise in Shear Wave Velocity Estimation (2013)

In ultrasound-based elastography methods, the estimation of shear wave velocity typically involves the tracking of speckle motion due to an applied force. The errors in the estimates of tissue displacement, and thus shear wave velocity, are generally attributed to electronic noise and decorrelation due to physical processes. We present our preliminary findings on another source of error, namely, speckle-induced bias in phase estimation. We find that methods that involve tracking in a single location, as opposed to multiple locations, are less sensitive to this source of error since the measurement is differential in nature and cancels out speckle-induced phase errors.
Development of an Efficacious, Semisynthetic Glycoconjugate Vaccine Candidate against Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype 1 (2018)

Infections with <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> are a major health burden. Glycoconjugate vaccines based on capsular polysaccharides (CPSs) successfully protect from infection, but not all pneumococcal serotypes are covered with equal potency. Marketed glycoconjugate vaccines induce low levels of functional antibodies against the highly invasive serotype 1 (ST1), presumably due to the obscuring of protective epitopes during chemical activation and conjugation to carrier proteins. Synthetic oligosaccharide antigens can be designed to carry linkers for site-selective protein conjugation while keeping protective epitopes intact. Here, we developed an efficacious semisynthetic ST1 glycoconjugate vaccine candidate. A panel of synthetic oligosaccharides served to reveal a critical role of the rare aminosugar, 2-acetamido-4-amino-2,4,6-trideoxy-d-galactose (d-AAT), for ST1 immune recognition. A monovalent ST1 trisaccharide carrying d-AAT at the nonreducing end induced a strong antibacterial immune response in rabbits and outperformed the ST1 component of the multivalent blockbuster vaccine Prevenar 13, paving the way for a more efficacious vaccine.
Al-2.13 Block Copolymer Lithography (2021)

As increasingly smaller molecular materials and material structures are devised or developed for technological applications, the demands on the processes of lithography now routinely include feature sizes that are of the order of 10 nm. In reaching such a fine level of resolution, the methods of lithography have increased markedly in sophistication and brought into play 2terminology that is unfamiliar, on the one hand, to scientists tasked with the development of new lithographic materials or, on the other, to the engineers who design and operate the complex equipment that is required in modern-day processing. Publications produced by scientists need to be understood by engineers and vice versa, and these commonly arise from collaborative research that draws heavily on the terminology of two or more of the traditional disciplines. It is developments in polymer science and material science that lead progress in areas that cross traditional boundaries, such as microlithography. This document provides the exact definitions of a selection of unfamiliar terms that researchers and practitioners from different disciplines might encounter.
The unliganded mineralocorticoid receptor is associated with heat shock proteins 70 and 90 and the immunophilin FKBP-52. (1997)

The human mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) is a member of the steroid-thyroid hormone receptor superfamily, which includes receptors for retinoic acid, vitamin D, and other steroids, such as the glucocorticoids (which bind the glucocorticoid receptor, GR). MR and GR, the corticosteroid receptors, share significant homology and are activated by steroid binding, resulting in a conformational change, nuclear translocation, and DNA binding. Despite these similarities with GR, the MR remains less well characterized. However, protein components known to be present in the unliganded GR are also likely to be components of the heteromeric MR complex. In the current study, we investigated whether or not hsp70, hsp90, and the immunophilin FKBP-52 are present in the nonsteroid-bound MR complex, because these proteins are known to be present in the unliganded GR complex. The unliganded MR complex was assembled in vitro using reticulocyte lysate and in vivo using the baculovirus overexpression system and Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells. Western blot analysis revealed the presence of hsp70, hsp90, and FKBP-52 in the unliganded complexes, but hsp90 and FKBP-52 were not detected following exposure to aldosterone. Electrophoretic mobility shift analysis demonstrated that DNA binding of MR occurred only after treatment with aldosterone. These studies indicate that proteins associated with the unliganded GR are also present in the unliganded MR complex, and that hsp90 and FKBP-52 dissociate prior to DNA binding in a manner similar to that described for GR. Finally, the stoichiometric analysis of the proteins present within the heteromeric MR complex suggests a divergence between this receptor and the GR.
Informed spectrum usage in cognitive radio networks: Interference cartography (2008)

This paper introduces interference cartography, a simple and effective concept that helps detect, identify and use spectrum opportunities in a secondary spectrum usage context. Interference cartography combines measurements performed by different network entities (mobile terminals, base stations, access points) with the geo-location information and applies simple and effective spatial interpolation techniques to achieve a map which indicates the level of interference experienced at each mesh over the area of interest. Using this information, a secondary network can detect the presence of a primary network (or of other secondary networks) and can use spectrum opportunities without causing harmful interference to them. As an example, a reliable spatial interpolation technique, kriging, is applied to interference data obtained from a radio network simulator. Obtained results demonstrate that interference cartography is a promising concept that can enhance the performance of secondary spectrum usage.
Recombinant messenger RNA technology and its application in cancer immunotherapy, transcript replacement therapies, pluripotent stem cell induction, and beyond (2015)

In recent years, the interest in using messenger RNA ( mRNA ) as a therapeutic means to tackle different diseases has enormously increased. This holds true not only for numerous preclinical studies, but mRNA has also entered the clinic to fight cancer. The advantages of using mRNA compared to DNA were recognized very early on, e.g., the lack of risk for genomic integration, or the expression of the encoded protein in the cytoplasm without the need to cross the nuclear membrane. However, it was generally assumed that mRNA is just not stable enough to give rise to sufficient expression of the encoded protein. Yet, an initially small group of mRNA aficionados could demonstrate that the stability of mRNA and the efficiency, by which the encoded protein is translated, can be significantly increased by selecting the right set of cis‐acting structural elements (including the 5′‐cap, 5′‐ and 3′‐untranslated regions, poly(A)‐tail, and modified building blocks). In parallel, significant advances in RNA packaging and delivery have been made, extending the potential for this molecule. This paved the way for further work to prove mRNA as a promising therapeutic for multiple diseases. Here, we review the developments to optimize mRNA regarding stability, translational efficiency, and immune‐modulating properties to enhance its functionality and efficacy as a therapeutic. Furthermore, we summarize the current status of preclinical and clinical studies that use mRNA for cancer immunotherapy, for the expression of functional proteins as so‐called transcript (or protein) replacement therapy, as well as for induction of pluripotent stem cells. WIREs RNA 2015, 6:471–499. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1288 This article is categorized under: Translation &gt; Translation Regulation RNA Turnover and Surveillance &gt; Turnover/Surveillance Mechanisms RNA in Disease and Development &gt; RNA in Disease
Colorless Coherent Receiver Using 3×3 Coupler Hybrids and Single-Ended Detection (2011)

We demonstrate a single-ended colorless coherent receiver using symmetric 3×3 coupler hybrids. This allows for colorless reception of fifty-five 112-Gb/s PDM-QPSK channels with 1-dB penalty and the receiver works well in transmission over 2560-km TrueWave-REACH-fiber.
Using active asymmetry control and blind source separation to improve the accuracy of after develop overlay measurements (2023)

During metrology overlay recipe setup typically a wide range of different target designs are present to select from. The main goal of recipe setup is to select the most accurate target type-recipe combination at ADI (after develop inspection) without additional external information that can be used for production on a large set of wafers. We will introduce a method based on blind source separation to disentangle the contributions of target asymmetry and the overlay of the targets. Based on this separation, the most accurate target-recipe combination can be selected. On top of selecting the most accurate target-recipe combination, it is important to stabilize the difference between the overlay on device and the overlay as measured on the target. In order to increase that stability we will introduce advanced algorithms in the ADI measurements that use measured asymmetry parameters to correct for inline target asymmetry variation. We will show a metrology to device matching improvement of up to 40% on product wafers.
Development of Multi-DOF Ultrasonic Actuators for Surgical Tools (2003)

Over the past decade, robotic technology has been rapidly gaining acceptance in the operation room. In robotic surgery, compact manipulators with multi-degree-of-freedom (DOF) are essential owing to a small work volume in the patient body. To generate multi-DOF motion, single DOF actuators such as electromagnetic motors have been conventionally used. That, however, requires multiple actuators, which in turn results in bulky mechanism combined with reduction device. In recent years, various compact multi-DOF actuators have been proposed and developed. Among them ultrasonic motors have become popular due to its simple structure and high torque capacity. Our previous work developed an ultrasonic motor capable of generating a multi-DOF rotation of a spherical rotor using three natural vibration modes of a bar-shaped stator. This study develops a novel multi-DOF master-slave system for surgical procedures using the single ultrasonic motor. The system consists of surgical forceps on multi-DOF wrist with joystick controller. Experiments have confirmed high responsiveness of the master-slave system with real-time position control scheme.
Insights into Structural Evolution of a Solid Electrolyte Interphase Using Thin Window Si Membrane Negative Electrodes (2018)

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Broadcom mediaDSP: A Platform for Building Programmable Multicore Video Processors (2009)

Broadcom's mediaDSP technology is a modular and scalable multiprocessor platform that provides the framework for building customized and programmable multicore processors for the video and image processing domain. The mediaDSP platform exploits task-level parallelism and includes architectural elements that support a task-based programming model. Broadcom's BCM35421 processor leverages mediaDSP technology to realize a single-chip, full high definition (FHD) frame rate converter for today's 120 Hz LCD TV sets.
Theoretical model of granular compaction (1997)

Experimental studies show that the density of a vibrated granular material evolves from a low density initial state into a higher density final steady state. The relaxation towards the final density follows an inverse logarithmic law. As the system approaches its final state, a growing number of beads have to be rearranged to enable a local density increase. A free volume argument shows that this number grows as N = {rho}/(1 {minus} {rho}). The time scale associated with such events increases exponentially e{sup {minus}N}, and as a result a logarithmically slow approach to the final state is found {rho} {infinity} {minus}{rho}(t) {approx_equal} 1/lnt.
High-Q Contacted Ring Microcavities with Scatterer-Avoiding “Wiggler” Supermode Fields (2013)

We demonstrate novel, azimuthally periodic microcavities with core attachments. Radiative coupling between degenerate modes leads to imaginary frequency (Q) splitting and a scatterer avoiding high-Q supermode field with measured Q’s up to 258,000.
Mesenteric Panniculitis Associated With Vibrio cholerae Infection (2015)

We report the first case of acute Vibrio cholerae infection with computed tomography (CT) changes consistent with mesenteric panniculitis (MP). A 78-year-old Indian man returned from overseas travel with progressively severe nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and watery diarrhea. His stool tested positive twice for Vibrio cholerae. CT revealed prominent lymph nodes and a hazy mesentery consistent with MP. Antibiotic treatment resulted in complete resolution of MP on follow-up CT 8 months later. In the setting of Vibrio cholerae infection, the CT finding of MP appears to be the result of a immunologically mediated reactive inflammatory disorder of the mesentery.
In-plane magnetic-field-induced metal-insulator transition in(311)AGaAstwo-dimensional hole systems probed by thermopower (2007)

We report thermopower measurements in dilute $(311)A$ $\mathrm{GaAs}$ two-dimensional holes subjected to an in-plane magnetic field $B$ that drives the system through a metal-insulator transition (MIT). The diffusion thermopower ${S}^{d}$ decreases linearly with temperature at low $B$ for both low-mobility $[01\overline{1}]$ and high-mobility $[\overline{2}33]$ directions, as expected for metallic systems. At high $B$, in the insulating phase, ${S}^{d}$ changes sign along $[01\overline{1}]$, while ${S}^{d}$ drops to zero along $[\overline{2}33]$. This behavior suggests that the system does not undergo any ground-state modification but, rather, that the apparent MIT transition is accompanied by a dramatic change in the dominant scattering mechanisms.
Polarization-Reversal in Stoichiometric LiNbO3/LiTaO3 and Application to Optical Devices (2004)

A polarization-reversed optical device has been attracting much attention as a next generation device due to its desinability and flexibility. Quasi-phase-matched (QPM) wavelength converters using polarization-reversed structures are reviewed with the focus on materials' progress. We here introduce a low-coercive-field material, stoichiometric LiTaO3, suitable for large aperture QPM devices, and apply it to optical parametric oscillation (OPO). Polarization reversal in electric-field poling is characterized and 35 mm-long QPM OPO devices are demonstrated, while wafer quality is improved. The slope efficiency and the tuning range are reported in wavelength conversion to midinfrared region.