gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dimensional encapsulation of halogen-bonded supramolecular anions (2010)

for all types of guests molecules which are ordered in the middle of the channel, whereas inflexible [V(O)(bdc)] n can adsorb only a little amount of the guest (5-10 mol. %). In the first case, the stoichiometry of inclusion compound is Guest 0.5 @[Al(OH)(bdc)] or Guest 0.25 @[Al(OH)(bdc)]. In the case of [V(O)(bdc)] n , only cobaltocene forms inclusion phase composition cobaltocene 0.5 @[V(O)(bdc)] n due to the formation of charge-transfer complex [4]. Hydrogen bonds, host-guest and guest-guest interactions as well as structural effects of the substitute group inside the guest molecule have been studied in details for all inclusion compounds.
Kodan: Addressing the Computational Bottleneck in Space (2023)

Decreasing costs of deploying space vehicles to low-Earth orbit have fostered an emergence of large constellations of satellites. However, high satellite velocities, large image data quantities, and brief ground station contacts create a data downlink challenge. Orbital edge computing (OEC), which filters data at the space edge, addresses this downlink bottleneck but shifts the challenge to the inelastic computational capabilities onboard satellites. In this work, we present Kodan: an OEC system that maximizes the utility of saturated satellite downlinks while mitigating the computational bottleneck. Kodan consists of two phases. A one-time transformation step uses a reference implementation of a satellite data analysis application, along with a representative dataset, to produce specialized ML models targeted for deployment to the space edge. After deployment to a target satellite, a runtime system dynamically selects the best specialized models for each data sample to maximize valuable data downlinked within the constraints of the computational bottleneck. By intelligently filtering low-value data and prioritizing high-value data for transmit via the saturated downlink, Kodan increases the data value density between 89 and 97 percent.
Discovery of 1-(1H-Pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridin-6-yl)urea Inhibitors of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase (ERK) for the Treatment of Cancers (2016)

The ERK/MAPK pathway plays a central role in the regulation of critical cellular processes and is activated in more than 30% of human cancers. Specific BRAF and MEK inhibitors have shown clinical efficacy in patients for the treatment of BRAF-mutant melanoma. However, the majority of responses are transient, and resistance is often associated with pathway reactivation of the ERK signal pathway. Acquired resistance to these agents has led to greater interest in ERK, a downstream target of the MAPK pathway. De novo design efforts of a novel scaffold derived from SCH772984 by employing hydrogen bond interactions specific for ERK in the binding pocket identified 1-(1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridin-6-yl)ureas as a viable lead series. Sequential SAR studies led to the identification of highly potent and selective ERK inhibitors with low molecular weight and high LE. Compound 21 exhibited potent target engagement and strong tumor regression in the BRAF(V600E) xenograft model.
Classification Of Ground Moving Object Using Coefficient Of Integrated Bispectrum For Doppler Radar (2014)

Abstract: This paper considers the classification of radar target using Backscatter Doppler signature of moving object. Classification performance evaluated by the integrated Bispectrum based technique of feature extraction and compared it with Cepstrum based feature extraction technique. Classifier performance is tested by GMM (Gaussian Mixture Model) and ML (Maximal Likelihood) decision making method. Classifier is trained and tested by distinct target echoes such as single human, double human, and triple human set. Proposed classification results shows the superiority of integrated Bispectrum method over Cepstrum method and classification rates are up to 82 % to 87 % at different feature sets.
A custom CMOS imager for multi-beam laser scanning microscopy and an improvement of scanning speed (2013)

Multi-beam laser scanning confocal microscopy with a 256 × 256-pixel custom CMOS imager performing focal-plane pinhole effect, in which any rotating disk is not required, is demonstrated. A specimen is illuminated by 32 × 32 diffraction limited light spots whose wavelength and pitch are 532nm and 8.4 μm, respectively. The spot array is generated by a microlens array, which is scanned by two-dimensional piezo actuator according to the scanning of the image sensor. The frame rate of the prototype is 0.17 Hz, which is limited by the actuator. The confocal effect has been confirmed by comparing the axial resolution in the confocal imaging mode with that of the normal imaging mode. The axial resolution in the confocal mode measured by the full width at half maximum (FWHM) for a planar mirror was 8.9 μm, which is showed that the confocality has been achieved with the proposed CMOS image sensor. The focal-plane pinhole effect in the confocal microscopy with the proposed CMOS imager has been demonstrated at low frame rate. An improvement of the scanning speed and a CMOS imager with photo-sensitivity modulation pixels suitable for high-speed scanning are also discussed.
Pervivència i crítica de la Il·lustració a l'Idealisme (1991)

Els idealistes alemanys creien que una reflexió filosòfica no era possible independentment de la crítica il·lustrada i, encara que es van mantenir allunyats d'uns certs aspectes d'aquesta crítica, en general van acceptar els resultats de la sacsejada racionalista en el camp de la religió, la metafísica, l'ètica, l'estètica, les ciències naturals i les ciències socials, com l'economia i el dret. La Il·lustració alemanya s'havia allunyat sens dubte de la Il·lustració francesa, i el vitalisme s'havia enfrontat al mecanicisme; no obstant això, aquesta primera revisió de la Il·lustració no havia afeblit els seus principis. Els idealistes alemanys van ser més enllà, proclamant la primacia de la llibertat per sobre de la raó i el caràcter fonamental de l'ètica. L'autor analitza aquest procés basant-se en un comentari del programa més antic del sistema de l'idealisme alemany i de les obres de Hegel.
Intramedullary nailing of the proximal humerus—not just for 2-part fractures (2020)

Abstract: The intramedullary nail has gained acceptance as an alternative to plate fixation for proximal humeral fractures as a result of improved implant design with an advantage of preserving fracture site vascularity which helps promote healings. Although historic indications for use of nail fixation have been focused on pathological and displaced 2-part fractures, sufficient outcome data for more complex fractures have allowed indications to expand to include fractures with tuberosity fracture segments (3- and 4-part fractures). Meticulous attention to radiographic imaging is critical for accurate nail placement, avoiding the rotator cuff footprint, and anatomic tuberosity fixation. In general, published reports tend to support nail fixation as having equivalent outcomes to plate fixation with a relatively low complication rate.
How Clean Is the Linen at My Hospital? The Mucorales on Unclean Linen Discovery Study of Large United States Transplant and Cancer Centers (2018)

Mucormycosis outbreaks have been linked to contaminated linen. We performed fungal cultures on freshly-laundered linens at 15 transplant and cancer hospitals. At 33% of hospitals, the linens were visibly unclean. At 20%, Mucorales were recovered from >10% of linens. Studies are needed to understand the clinical significance of our findings.
Metal-Channel-Aided Oxide Thin Film Transistor (2010)

Abstract not Available.
Synthesis of Fluorinated Tricyclic Scaffolds by Intramolecular [2+2] Photocycloaddition Reactions (2012)

Fabulous Fluorine: The synthesis of fluorinated products 1 and 2 by [2+2] photocycloaddition was readily feasible after optimization of the irradiation conditions. The electron-deficient trifluoroolefin unit reacted intramolecularly to products 1 (nine examples, d.r.>95:5). The reaction was also investigated after modification of position 2 of the side chain both with one or two fluoro substituents (e.g. to yield product 2). Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Understanding the Benefits of Hardware-Accelerated Communication in Model-Serving Applications (2023)

It is commonly assumed that the end-to-end networking performance of edge offloading is purely dictated by that of the network connectivity between end devices and edge computing facilities, where ongoing innovation in 5G/6G networking can help. However, with the growing complexity of edge-offloaded computation and dynamic load balancing requirements, an offloaded task often goes through a multi-stage pipeline that spans across multiple compute nodes and proxies interconnected via a dedicated network fabric within a given edge computing facility. As the latest hardware-accelerated transport technologies such as RDMA and GPUDirect RDMA are adopted to build such network fabric, there is a need for good understanding of the full potential of these technologies in the context of computation offload and the effect of different factors such as GPU scheduling and characteristics of computation on the net performance gain achievable by these technologies. This paper unveils detailed insights into the latency overhead in typical machine learning (ML)-based computation pipelines and analyzes the potential benefits of adopting hardware-accelerated communication. To this end, we build a model-serving framework that supports various communication mechanisms. Using the framework, we identify performance bottlenecks in state-of-the-art model-serving pipelines and show how hardware-accelerated communication can alleviate them. For example, we show that GPUDirect RDMA can save 15-50% of model-serving latency, which amounts to 70–160 ms.
Submicrometer lithography of a silicon substrate by machining of photoresist using atomic force microscopy followed by wet chemical etching (1997)

10.1088/0957-4484/8/2/005
O hábito de frequentar cultos como mecanismo de mobilização eleitoral: o voto evangélico em Bolsonaro em 2018 (2021)

Resumo: No debate sobre a influência da religião sobre o voto, uma das dimensões analisadas é a comportamental, em especial o hábito de frequentar os cultos. Nesse debate, considera-se que os mais frequentes nos cultos estão mais expostos às mensagens políticas de suas lideranças religiosas. Seguindo essa perspectiva, testamos a hipótese de que a frequência a cultos se constituiu como um mecanismo por meio do qual a religião evangélica influenciou o voto em Bolsonaro, em 2018. Os resultados mostram que, aproximadamente, 16% do efeito de ser evangélico sobre o voto em Bolsonaro é explicado por esse mecanismo. Para alcançar tal resultado, utilizamos o modelo de mediação para dados observacionais qualitativos. O banco de dados utilizado é o do Latin America Public Opinion Project (LAPOP) 2019.
Validation of the MCNPX-PoliMi Code to Design a Fast-Neutron Multiplicity Counter (2012)

Many safeguards measurement systems used at nuclear facilities, both domestically and internationally, rely on He-3 detectors and well established mathematical equations to interpret coincidence and multiplicity-type measurements for verifying quantities of special nuclear material. Due to resource shortages alternatives to these existing He-3 based systems are being sought. Work is also underway to broaden the capabilities of these types of measurement systems in order to improve current multiplicity analysis techniques. As a part of a Material Protection, Accounting, and Control Technology (MPACT) project within the U.S. Department of Energy's Fuel Cycle Technology Program we are designing a fast-neutron multiplicity counter with organic liquid scintillators to quantify important quantities such as plutonium mass. We are also examining the potential benefits of using fast-neutron detectors for multiplicity analysis of advanced fuels in comparison with He-3 detectors and testing the performance of such designs. The designs are being developed and optimized using the MCNPX-PoliMi transport code to study detector response. In the full paper, we will discuss validation measurements used to justify the use of the MCNPX-PoliMi code paired with the MPPost multiplicity routine to design a fast neutron multiplicity counter with liquid scintillators. This multiplicity counter will be designed with the end goal of safeguarding advanced nuclear fuels. With improved timing qualities associated with liquid scintillation detectors, we can design a system that is less limited by nuclear materials of high activities. Initial testing of the designed system with nuclear fuels will take place at Idaho National Laboratory in a later stage of this collaboration.
Single-shot laser driven inertial confinement fusion based on nanosecond and picosecond laser pulses (2008)

Nuclear fusion gains of deuterium-tritium (DT) at volume ignition are discussed for the forthcoming conditions of the NIF or LMJ laser pulses in the range of nanosecond duration at direct drive. This turns out to be similar to the expected values known form spark ignition. These conditions should be reached also by single pulse interaction of picosecond pulses using the unique anomaly of nonlinear force driven plasma block acceleration with ps pulses for volume ignition. Total gains of 200 for MJ laser pulses are expected.
Development of a Whole-Body Dual Ring OpenPET for in-Beam PET (2017)

For in-beam positron emission tomography (PET), which is an in situ monitoring method for charged particle therapy, we developed the world's first open-type PET system “OpenPET.” Following our previous studies for small prototypes, in this paper, we finally developed a whole-body dual ring OpenPET (WBDROP). This scanner has two separated rings. Each ring has two detector rings of 40 detector blocks, each of which has the capability of 4-layer depth-of-interaction identification. The ring diameter is 66 cm, and the adjustable open gap is fixed as 9 cm. We found that the system sensitivity was 4.4%. The average spatial resolution, which was measured through filtered back projection, was about 3.5 mm. For in-beam PET, imaging performance was confirmed through phantom experiments. Phantom study results with <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sup> C beam and <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">10</sup> C beam irradiations of about 3 Gy showed that the beam stopping position in the target could be measured with a precision of better than 2 mm. The developed WBDROP promises high performance for in-beam PET imaging.
Regulation of the immune response to tumor antigens. III. Characterization of thymic suppressor factor(s) produced by tumor-bearing hosts. (1977)

Immunosuppressor T cells (IST),6 capable of inhibiting the rejection of a methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcoma (S1509a) in A/Jax mice immune to this tumor, produced soluble factors with similar suppressive activity. The immunosuppressive factor(s) (ISF) has been shown to be immunologically specific, as demonstrated by the complete loss of suppressive activity after absorption with S1509a cells, but not with cells of an unrelated syngeneic tumor. From its behavior on gel filtration, the size of ISF was deduced to be less than 70,000 daltons. The ISF was not removed by passage through a rabbit anti-mouse F(ab')2 reverse immunosorbent and, hence, it was concluded that ISF was not likely to be an immunoglobulin. The (immunosuppressive) activity of ISF was destroyed by treatment with Pronase, but not with RNase. The ISF was found to share the antigenic determinant(s) of the product(s) of the K end of the major histocompatibility complex of the mouse. Moreover, antibodies to ISF were induced by immunization with ISF-tumor cell complexes. Thus, IST and their factor(s) appear to play an important role in the regulation of the immune response to tumor antigens.
Association of Sendai virion envelope and a mouse surface membrane polypeptide on newly infected cells: lack of association with H-2K/D or alteration of viral immunogenicity. (1982)

Abstract The recognition and lysis of virus-infected mouse cells by cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) requires that both viral and H-2 antigens be present on the target cell membrane. This recognition is known to be highly specific for both the viral and H-2K/D antigens. Thus, the targets must be matched with the CTL at either the H-2K and/or D loci. This phenomenon is referred to as H-2 restriction of CTL killing. One model that would explain this virus restriction postulates a CTL receptor that would recognize a new antigenic complex formed after some association of viral and H-2K/D or other host cell polypeptides on the target cell surface. To test for such associations, we have synthesized an 11 Å heterobifunctional cross-linking reagent possessing an amino active group at one terminus and a photoactivatable group at the other. This reagent (N-succinimidyl 4-azidophenyl-1,3’-dithiopropionate (SADP)) was coupled to purified Sendai virions by the aminoreactive end of the SADP molecule. This SADP-coupled virus was fused into the membranes of surface radioiodinated P815 cells, and target structures were allowed to form. Next, the photosensitive group on SADP was activated with ultraviolet light to covalently couple the viral proteins to any neighboring cell surface proteins. The cellular neighbors were isolated from detergent extracts of membrane proteins after immunoprecipitation with antibody specific for Sendai virion proteins. The covalent cross-links between the nonradioactive Sendai proteins and the radioiodinated cellular polypeptide neighbors were broken, and the host cell polypeptides were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and detected by autoradiography. One of these neighboring cellular proteins had an apparent m.w. of 17,000, and none was found with the characteristic size and tryptic map of either the H-2K or D gene products. Thus, the H-2K or D proteins are unlikely to be SADP-detectable neighbors of Sendai viral antigens recognized by CTL. In further experiments, the complexes of Sendai virion proteins cross-linked to cellular polypeptide neighbors were isolated from the membrane of newly infected cells and were shown to be able to stimulate CTL in vitro with approximately the same efficiency as uncross-linked Sendai virion proteins. Thus, Sendai viral proteins in the membrane of newly infected cells do not appear to be in highly immunogenic complexes with either H-2K/D or any other cellular proteins.
Finite-Sample Analysis of Stochastic Approximation Using Smooth Convex Envelopes (2020)

Stochastic Approximation (SA) is a popular approach for solving fixed-point equations where the information is corrupted by noise. In this paper, we consider an SA involving a contraction mapping with respect to an arbitrary norm, and show its finite-sample error bounds while using different stepsizes. The idea is to construct a smooth Lyapunov function using the generalized Moreau envelope, and show that the iterates of SA have negative drift with respect to that Lyapunov function. Our result is applicable in Reinforcement Learning (RL). In particular, we use it to establish the first-known convergence rate of the V-trace algorithm for off-policy TD-learning. Moreover, we also use it to study TD-learning in the on-policy setting, and recover the existing state-of-the-art results for $Q$-learning. Importantly, our construction results in only a logarithmic dependence of the convergence bound on the size of the state-space.
Optical evidence for quantization in transparent amorphous oxide semiconductor superlattice (2012)

We fabricated transparent amorphous oxide semiconductor superlattices composed of In-Ga-Zn-O ($a$-IGZO) well layers and Ga${}_{2}$O${}_{3}$ ($a$-Ga${}_{2}$O${}_{3}$) barrier layers, and investigated their optical absorption properties to examine energy quantization in the $a$-IGZO well layer. The Tauc gap of $a$-IGZO well layers monotonically increases with decreasing well thickness at $\ensuremath{\le}5$ nm. The thickness dependence of the Tauc gap is quantitatively explained by a Kr\"onig-Penny model employing a conduction band offset of $1.2$ eV between the $a$-IGZO and the $a$-Ga${}_{2}$O${}_{3}$, and the effective masses of $0.35{m}_{0}$ for the $a$-IGZO well layer and $0.5{m}_{0}$ for the $a$-Ga${}_{2}$O${}_{3}$ barrier layer, where ${m}_{0}$ is the electron rest mass. This result demonstrates the quantization in the $a$-IGZO well layer. The phase relaxation length of the $a$-IGZO is estimated to be larger than $3.5$ nm.
Switchboard (2011)

Supporting interactive, multiplayer games on mobile phones over cellular networks is a difficult problem. It is particularly relevant now with the explosion of mostly single-player or turn-based games on mobile phones. The challenges stem from the highly variable performance of cellular networks and the need for scalability (not burdening the cellular infrastructure, nor any server resources that a game developer deploys). We have built a service for matchmaking in mobile games -- assigning players to games such that game settings are satisfied as well as latency requirements for an enjoyable game. This requires solving two problems. First, the service needs to know the cellular network latency between game players. Second, the service needs to quickly group players into viable game sessions. In this paper, we present the design of our service, results from our experiments on predicting cellular latency, and results from efficiently grouping players into games.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis phoP mutant: lipoarabinomannan molecular structure (2002)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis encodes two-component signal systems. Recently, it was established that the viability of the M. tuberculosis phoP mutant is attenuated in the mouse, suggesting the requirement of the phoP gene for M. tuberculosis intracellular growth. It is now largely acknowledged that M. tuberculosis mannosylated lipoarabinomannans (ManLAM) play a key role in M. tuberculosis intramacrophagic survival by altering the macrophage functions. So ManLAM were extracted and purified from the M. tuberculosis MT103 wild-type strain and from the M. tuberculosis phoP mutant. Their two major functional domains (i) the mannooligosaccharide caps and (ii) the mannosyl phosphatidylinositol anchor were here investigated. Using capillary electrophoresis, it is demonstrated that both mutant and wild-type M. tuberculosis strains share the same capping motifs: mono-, di- and trimannosyl alpha(1-->2) units, with the same relative abundance. Using two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy, the same acyl forms were found to be shared by both strains. However, their relative abundance was quite different. Indeed, in the phoP mutant a decrease of the triacylated ManLAM and an increase of the monoacylated ManLAM were observed. The difference in the proportion of ManLAM acyl forms and the reduced virulence of the M. tuberculosis phoP mutant are discussed.
The impact of preoperative atrial fibrillation on early and late mortality after coronary artery bypass grafting (2010)

Preoperative AF is an independent risk factor for early and late mortality after first-time elective CABG.