gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enrichment of interleukin-2-responsive natural killer progenitors in human bone marrow (1993)

Natural killer (NK) cells can be cultured in interleukin-2 (IL-2)-containing medium from selected human bone marrow (BM) cells obtained after the elimination of mature T and NK cells. To isolate and characterize IL-2-responsive NK progenitors in the selected BM cells, we investigated the expression of IL-2 receptors (IL-2R) on these cells. Neither CD25 (IL-2R alpha) nor IL-2R beta antigen was observed on the selected BM cells before culture. However, CD25+ cells without detectable levels of IL-2R beta antigen appeared 24 hours after culture in IL-2-containing medium. Cells were sorted from each fraction of the selected BM cells 24 hours after culture after staining with anti-CD33, anti-CD34, and anti-CD25 monoclonal antibodies. The generation of NK cells (CD3- CD56+ cells) and NK activity were observed only from the CD33-/CD34-/CD25+ cell fraction after culture in IL-2-containing medium. The frequency of IL-2-responsive NK progenitors relative to the fraction was 1/231 (95% confidence range, 1/156 to 1/289), which corresponded to the frequency relative to the total number of selected BM cells when the frequency relative to the CD33-/CD34-/CD25+ cell-fraction was converted according to the percentage of these cells in the total number of selected BM cells. These results indicated that IL-2-responsive NK progenitors were enriched in the CD33-/CD34-/CD25+ cell fraction.
Cooperative Control of Distributed Energy Storage Systems in a Microgrid (2014)

Energy storage systems (ESSs) are often proposed to support the frequency control in microgrid systems. Due to the intermittency of the renewable generation and constantly changing load demand, the charging/discharging of various ESSs in an autonomous microgrid needs to be properly coordinated to ensure the supply-demand balance. Recent research has discovered that the charging/discharging efficiency of ESSs has remarkable dependence on the charging/discharging rate and state-of-charge of the ESS. This paper proposes a distributed cooperative control strategy for coordinating the ESSs to maintain the supply-demand balance and minimize the total power loss associated with charging/discharging inefficiency. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is validated by simulation results.
Dynamics of Battery Tabs Under Ultrasonic Welding (2013)

Ultrasonic metal welding for battery tabs must be performed with 100% reliability in battery pack manufacturing as the failure of a single weld essentially results in a battery that is inoperative or cannot deliver the required power due to the electrical short caused by the failed weld. In ultrasonic metal welding processes, high-frequency ultrasonic energy is used to generate an oscillating shear force (sonotrode force) at the interface between a sonotrode and few metal sheets to produce solid-state bonds between the sheets clamped under a normal force. These forces, which influence the power needed to produce the weld and the weld quality, strongly depend on the mechanical and structural properties of the weld parts and fixtures in addition to various welding process parameters such as weld frequencies and amplitudes. In this work, the effect of structural vibration of the battery tab on the required sonotrode force during ultrasonic welding is studied by applying a longitudinal vibration model for the battery tab. It is found that the sonotrode force is greatly influenced by the kinetic properties, quantified by the equivalent mass and equivalent stiffness, of the battery tab and cell pouch interface. This study provides a fundamental understanding of battery tab dynamics during ultrasonic welding and its effects on weld quality, and thus provides useful guidelines for design and welding of battery tabs from tab dynamics point of view.
Hemin-Modified Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube-Incorporated PVDF Membranes: Computational and Experimental Studies on Oil–Water Emulsion Separations (2023)

The separation of oil/water emulsions has attracted considerable attention for decades due to the negative environmental impacts brought by wastewater. Among the various membranes investigated for separation, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes have shown significant advantages of ease of fabrication, high selectivity, and fair pore distribution. However, PVDF membranes are hydrophobic and suffer from severe fouling resulting in substantial flux decline. Meanwhile, the incorporation of wettable substrates during fabrication has significantly impacted the membrane performance by lowering the fouling propensity. Herein, we report the fabrication of an iron-containing porphyrin (hemin)-modified multi-walled carbon nanotube incorporated PVDF membrane (HA-MWCNT) to enhance fouling resistance and the effective separation of oil-in-water emulsions. The fabricated membrane was thoroughly investigated using the FTIR, SEM, EDX, AFM, and contact angle (CA) analysis. The HA-MWCNT membrane exhibited a water CA of 62° ± 0.5 and excellent pure water permeance of 300.5 L/m2h at 3.0 bar (400% increment), in contrast to the pristine PVDF, which recorded a CA of 82° ± 0.8 and water permeance of 59.9 L/m2h. The hydrophilic HA-MWCNT membrane further showed an excellent oil rejection of >99% in the transmembrane pressure range of 0.5−2.5 bar and a superb flux recovery ratio (FRR) of 82%. Meanwhile, the classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations revealed that the HA-MWCNT membrane had greater solvent-accessible pores, which enhanced water permeance while blocking the hydrocarbons. The incorporation of the hemin-modified MWCNT is thus an excellent strategy and could be adopted in the design of advanced membranes for oil/water separation.
The Future of Biomedical Content in Applied Optics (2010)

Applied Optics has had a long and distinguished history of content related to optics and photonics in the life sciences. Many seminal papers in tissue optics, biomedical spectroscopy, biomedical optical imaging, and biological microscopy have appeared in these pages. Many topical editors with specific expertise in biomedical optics have served the journal with distinction, and the Division of Biomedical Optics was launched as the fourth independent Division of the journal in 2006. Due to the outstanding quality of biomedical content throughout all of its journals and continued rapid growth anticipated in this area, this fall the OSA is launching a new peer-reviewed journal devoted specifically to biomedical optics and photonics. Biomedical Optics Express will become OSA’s principal outlet for serving the biomedical optics community with rapid, open-access publication of content related to optics, photonics, and imaging in the life sciences. The new journal will offer many features of particular interest to biomedical authors, including free color figures, movies, animations, and live reference links. Authors will also be able to take advantage of interactive science publishing (ISP) capability for online visualization of large datasets, and automated submission of published articles to PubMed Central to assist in compliance with federal open-access requirements. Although authors will initially not be charged for publishing in Biomedical Optics Express (no author fees in the first year of publication and reduced fees in the second), the open-access publishing model requires that authors and their funding sponsors eventually offset the bulk of publication costs through author fees. In order to support consolidation of biomedical content in the new journal, Applied Optics will close its Division of Biomedical Optics by the end of 2010 and encourage all authors to consider submitting their work to Biomedical Optics Express. The Division will officially close for submissions on August 31, 2010 and will attempt to publish all remaining manuscripts under review by the end of the year. Despite the closure of the Division, however, there may remain circumstances under which some authors may prefer to submit and publish selected manuscripts with biomedical content to Applied Optics. Such submissions will remain welcome, and should be submitted to the most appropriate of the other Divisions, whether Optical Technology, Information Processing, or Lasers, Photonics, and Environmental Optics. We thank the biomedical optics community for its longstanding support of Applied Optics, and join in welcoming Biomedical Optics Express to OSA’s portfolio of journals.
Iron Porphyrin−Cyclodextrin Supramolecular Complex as a Functional Model of Myoglobin in Aqueous Solution (2006)

The 1:1 inclusion complex of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphinato iron(II) (Fe(II)TPPS) and an O-methylated beta-cyclodextrin dimer having a pyridine linker (1) binds dioxygen reversibly in aqueous solution. The O2 adduct was very stable (t(1/2) = 30.1 h) at pH 7.0 and 25 degrees C. ESI-MS and NMR spectroscopic measurements and molecular mechanics (MM) calculations indicated the inclusion of the sulfonatophenyl groups at the 5- and 15-positions of Fe(III)TPPS or Fe(II)TPPS into two cyclodextrin moieties of 1 to form a supramolecular 1:1 complex (hemoCD1 for the Fe(II)TPPS complex), whose iron center is completely covered by two cyclodextrin moieties. Equilibrium measurements and laser flash photolysis provided the affinities ( and ) and rate constants for O2 and CO binding of hemoCD1 (k(O2)(on), k(O2)(off), k(CO)(on), and k(CO)(off)). The CO affinity relative to the O2 affinity of hemoCD1 was abnormally high. Although resonance Raman spectra suggested weak back-bonding of d(pi)(Fe) --> pi(CO) and hence a weak CO-Fe bond, the CO adduct of hemoCD1 was very stable. The hydrophobic CO molecule dissociated from CO-hemoCD1 hardly breaks free from a shallow cleft in hemoCD1 surrounded by an aqueous bulk phase leading to fast rebinding of CO to hemoCD1. Isothermal titration calorimetry furnished the association constant (K(O2)), DeltaH degrees , and DeltaS degrees for O2 association to be (2.71 +/- 0.51) x 10(4) M(-1), -65.2 +/- 4.4 kJ mol(-1), and -133.9 +/- 16.1 J mol(-1) K(-1), respectively. The autoxidation of oxy-hemoCD1 was accelerated by H+ and OH-. The inorganic anions also accelerated the autoxidation of oxy-hemoCD1. The O2-Fe(II) bond is equivalent to the O2.--Fe(III) bond, which is attacked by the inorganic anions or the water molecule to produce met-hemoCD1 and a superoxide anion.
History and Development of Sorbents and Requirements for Sorbent Materials (2023)

The history of sorbents is about 2 centuries long. It is important to analyze and report the progress of science in this field, understand how modern hemoadsorption takes place, and appreciate how new devices have been designed and manufactured. It is also important to describe the nature, the structure, and the composition of sorbent materials and characterize the mechanisms of the adsorption process. Progressive improvements have been obtained from the original aluminosilicates and porous carbons with the use of new synthetic polymeric materials. New developments now allow the safe and effective application of sorbents in extracorporeal blood purification techniques and in specific clinical syndromes.
<title>Adaptive fusion model for distributed detection system</title> (1992)

There has been a growing interest in developing efficient and reliable distributed detection systems for target recognition and communications. Chair and Varshney have derived an optimal decision rule for fusing decisions based on the Bayesian criterion. To implement the rule, the probability of detection P<SUB>D</SUB> and the probability of false alarm P<SUB>F</SUB> for each detector must be known, but this information is not always available in practice. This paper presents an adaptive fusion model which estimate the P<SUB>D</SUB> and P<SUB>F</SUB> adaptively during the decision fusing process. The estimation is implemented by a simple statistical method. That is, the estimates for P<SUB>D</SUB> and P<SUB>F</SUB> of the ith detector are obtained by counting the number of its decisions that are considered to be correct and incorrect, respectively. Since reference signals are not given, whether the decision of a local detector is considered correct or incorrect is arbitrated by the fused decision of all the other local detectors; that is, the fused decision of all other local detectors is used as the reference for the ith detector. Furthermore, in the work, the fused results of the other local decisions are classified as 'reliable' and 'unreliable'. Only reliable decisions are used to develop the decision rule. Analysis on classifying the fused decisions in terms of reducing estimation error is given, and simulation results which conform to our analysis are presented.
Human habitat positioning system for NASA's space flight environmental simulator (1998)

Artificial gravity by centrifugation offers an effective countermeasure to the physiologic deconditioning of chronic exposure to microgravity; however, the system requirements of rotational velocity, radius of rotation, and resultant centrifugal acceleration require thorough investigation to ascertain the ideal human-use centrifuge configuration. NASA's Space Flight Environmental Simulator (SFES), a 16-meter (52-foot) diameter, animal-use centrifuge, was recently modified to accommodate human occupancy. This paper describes the SFES Human Habitat Positioning System, the mechanism that facilitates radius of rotation variability and alignment of the centrifuge occupants with the artificial gravity vector.
Female Reproductive Tract Immunity in Bovine Trichomoniasis (1998)

PROBLEM: Mechanisms of protective immunity in the female reproductive tract are poorly understood. For sexually transmitted diseases, bovine trichomoniasis is a useful model because il resembles human trichomoniasis to some extent, and antibodies play an important role in protection against these extracellular parasites. Protective efficacy was compared in animals with genital responses of predominantly immunoglobulin G (IgG) or predominantly IgA antibodies to a purified surface antigen of Tritrichomonas foetus. METHOD OF STUDY: Immunization of mice by various routes with immunoaffinity‐purified T. foetus surface antigen (TF1.17) or killed cells was used to define the best routes and antigen combinations to give predominantly IgG or IgA antibodies to TF1.17 antigens in genital secretions. Cattle were then immunized either subcutaneously (SC) two times with TF1.17 antigen and once SC with killed T. foetus or twice SC with TF1.17 antigen and once intravaginally with killed T. foetus. All immunizations were in Quil A adjuvant. Controls were not immunized. Animals were challenged intravaginally with 10 6 T. foetus 3 weeks after the third immunization. Vaginal mucus was collected weekly for culture and antibody assays. Serum was collected weekly, and uterine secretions were collected at 10 weeks post‐challenge. Tissues were fixed at 10 weeks also. RESULTS: Murine studies showed systemic priming with vaginal boosting gave the highest genital IgA responses. In cattle, systemic immunization (group S) induced high IgG1 antibody levels in vaginal secretions. Systemic priming with vaginal boosting (group S/V) primed for an anamnestic vaginal IgA response after challenge with T. foetus. Cattle with predominantly IgG or predominantly IgA responses in vaginal secretions either did not become infected or cleared infection faster than controls. Uterine IgA responses at 10 weeks were highest in the vaginally boosted group, but other responses were not different from the controls at this time point. Microscopic examination of genital tissues showed subepithelial infiltration of mononuclear cells in all groups. Lymphoid aggregates or nodules were detected in vaginal sections in cattle of groups S/V and C as well as in uterine sections of all animals in all three groups. CONCLUSIONS: Both IgG and IgA antibodies to T. foetus superficial antigen were associated with protection. The timing of the response was related to the time of clearance. Lymphoid organization in the vagina and uterine tissues suggested development of mucosal inductive sites.
30.3 A Bias-Flip Rectifier with a Duty-Cycle-Based MPPT Algorithm for Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting with 98% Peak MPPT Efficiency and 738% Energy-Extraction Enhancement (2023)

Synchronized bias-flip rectifiers, such as synchronized switch harvesting on inductor (SSHI) rectifiers, are widely used for piezoelectric energy harvesting (PEH) [1], which can replace the use of batteries in many loT applications, thus reducing both system volume and maintenance cost. However, the output power extracted by such rectifiers strongly depends on the impedance matching between the piezoelectric transducer (PT) and the circuit. To maximize this, two maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms are often used. As shown in Fig. 30.3.1 (left), the Perturb & Observe (P&O) (a.k.a. hill-climbing) algorithm adjusts the rectified output power in a stepwise manner towards the maximum power point (MPP), thus establishing robust and continuous MPPT. However, accurately sensing the rectified output power often requires complex and power-hungry hardware [1], [2]. Another simpler algorithm is based on the fractional open-circuit voltage (FOCV) and involves periodically measuring the PT's open-circuit voltage amplitude <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$(\mathrm{V}_{\text{OC}})$</tex> and regulating the rectified voltage <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$(\mathrm{V}_{\text{REC}})$</tex> to a level <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$(\mathrm{V}_{\text{MPP}})$</tex> , which corresponds to the MPP [3–6]. However, the PT must be periodically disconnected from the rectifier to measure <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathrm{V}_{\text{OC}}$</tex> , resulting in wasted energy, while the inherent delay in sensing <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathrm{V}_{\text{OC}}$</tex> variations reduces the overall tracking efficiency. Furthermore, a calibration step is usually necessary to determine <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathrm{V}_{\text{MPP}}$</tex> , since this depends on the actual PT voltage flip efficiency <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$(\eta_{\mathrm{F}})$</tex> of the bias-flip rectifier.
Ionic manipulation of charge-transfer and photodynamics of [60]fullerene confined in pyrrolo-tetrathiafulvalene cage (2017)

A cage molecule incorporating three electron donating monopyrrolotetrathiafulvalene units was synthesised to host electron accepting [60]fullerenes. Formation of a strong 1 : 1 donor-acceptor (D-A) complex C<sub>60</sub>⊂1 was confirmed by solid state X-ray analysis as well as <sup>1</sup>H NMR and absorption spectroscopic analyses of the arising charge-transfer (CT) band (λ = 735 nm, ε ≈ 840 M<sup>-1</sup> cm<sup>-1</sup>). Inserting Li<sup>+</sup> inside the [60]fullerene increased the binding 28-fold (K<sub>a</sub> = 3.7 × 10<sup>6</sup> M<sup>-1</sup>) and a large bathochromic shift of the CT band to the near infrared (NIR) region (λ = 1104 nm, ε ≈ 4800 M<sup>-1</sup> cm<sup>-1</sup>) was observed.
A CMOS-compatible, integrated approach to hyper- and multispectral imaging (2014)

Imec has developed a unique hyperspectral sensor concept in which the spectral unit is monolithically integrated on top of a standard CMOS sensor at wafer level, hence enabling the design of compact, low cost and high speed spectral cameras with a high design flexibility. This paper presents the various demonstrated prototype sensors, with different filter arrangements and performance, linked to different usage modes and application domains. It also reviews the key aspects and challenges of imec's hyperspectral technology.
Triangle Surface Mesh Watermarking Based on a Constrained Optimization Framework (2014)

A watermarking strategy for triangle surface meshes consists of modifying the vertex positions along the radial directions, in order to adjust the distribution of radial distances and thereby encode the desired payload. To guarantee that watermark embedding does not alter the center of mass, prior work formulated this task as a quadratic programming problem. In this paper, we contribute to the generalization of this formulation with: 1) integral reference primitives; 2) arbitrary relocation directions to alter the vertex positions; and 3) alternate distortion metrics to minimize the perceptual impact of the embedding process. These variants are benchmarked against a range of attacks and we report both improved robustness performances, in particular for simplification attacks, and improved control over the embedding distortion.
Tumor Vaccination With Cytokine-Loaded Microspheres (2005)

Abstract : A single intra-tumoral injection of IL-12 + GM-CSF-encapsulated microspheres promoted the suppression of primary tumor growth prevented the development of additional tumors and extended survival in the her2-neu transgenic FVB/neuN murine mammary tumor model. Induction of a long-lived systemic tumor-specific immune response was demonstrated in adoptive cell transfer studies cytotoxic T-cell assays in vivo lymphocyte subset depletion studies and analysis of serum anti-tumor antibody levels. Repeated treatment was more effective than single treatment in inducing complete tumor regression secondary tumor suppression and enhancing survival however long-term cures were not obtained. Chemoimmunotherapy did not improve long-term survival. Further analysis of tumor-infiltrating T-cells demonstrated that repeated therapy resulted in the enhancement of T-suppressor cell activity and the loss of tumor-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes.
Tuning TPO-R signaling to influence hematopoietic stem cell differentiation and inhibit essential thrombocythemia (2020)

Abstract Thrombopoietin (TPO) and the TPO-receptor (TPO-R, or c-MPL)) are essential for hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) maintenance and megakaryocyte differentiation. Agents that can modulate TPO-R signaling are highly desirable, both experimentally and clinically. We have developed a series of surrogate protein-ligands for TPO-R, in the form of diabodies, that homodimerize the TPO-R on the cell surface in different geometries, in effect ‘tuning’ downstream signaling responses. These surrogate ligands exhibit diverse pharmacological properties, inducing graded signaling outputs, from full to partial TPO agonism and antagonism, thus decoupling the dual functions of TPO/TPO-R. Using scRNA sequencing and HSC self-renewal assays we find that partial agonistic diabodies preserved the stem-like properties of cultured HSCs, but also blocked oncogenic colony formation in Essential Thrombocythemia (ET) through inverse agonism. Our data suggest that dampening downstream TPO signaling is a powerful approach not only for HSC preservation in culture, but also for inhibiting oncogenic signaling through the TPO-R. Significance Statement The TPO cytokine, which signals through its receptor c-MPL (or TPO-R), is essential for megakaryocyte differentiation and maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Its signaling is deregulated in Essential Thrombocythemia (ET). Here, we engineered diabodies (DBs) against the TPO-R as surrogate TPO ligands to manipulate TPO-R signaling, from full to partial to antagonism, thus decoupling the dual functions of TPO/TPO-R (i.e, HSC maintenance versus megakaryopoiesis). We subsequently discovered that partial agonistic DBs, by reducing the strength of the TPO-R signal, not only preserved HSCs in culture, but also blocked oncogenic signaling in ET. This finding has the potential to improve HSC cultures for transplants, as well as serve as a unique therapeutic approach for ET.