gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chelating copolymers containing photosensitive functionalities. 3. Photochromism of cross-linked polymers (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChelating copolymers containing photosensitive functionalities. 3. Photochromism of cross-linked polymersG. Sudesh Kumar, C. Savariar, M. Saffran, and D. C. NeckersCite this: Macromolecules 1985, 18, 8, 1525–1530Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00150a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00150a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views321Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Fine‐tuning the (2S)‐naringenin synthetic pathway using an iterative high‐throughput balancing strategy (2019)

Metabolic engineering consistently demands to produce the maximum carbon and energy flux to target chemicals. To balance metabolic flux, gene expression levels of artificially synthesized pathways usually fine-tuned using multimodular optimization strategy. However, forward construction is an engineering conundrum because a vast number of possible pathway combinations need to be constructed and analyzed. Here, an iterative high-throughput balancing (IHTB) strategy was established to thoroughly fine-tune the (2S)-naringenin biosynthetic pathway. A series of gradient constitutive promoters from Escherichia coli were randomly cloned upstream of pathway genes, and the resulting library was screened using an ultraviolet spectrophotometry-fluorescence spectrophotometry high-throughput method, which was established based on the interactions between AlCl<sub>3</sub> and (2S)-naringenin. The metabolic flux of the screened high-titer strains was analyzed and iterative rounds of screening were performed based on the analysis results. After several rounds, the metabolic flux of the (2S)-naringenin synthetic pathway was balanced, reaching a final titer of 191.9 mg/L with 29.2 mg/L p-coumaric acid accumulation. Chalcone synthase was speculated to be the rate-limiting enzyme because its expression level was closely related to the production of both (2S)-naringenin and p-coumaric acid. The established IHTB strategy can be used to efficiently balance multigene pathways, which will accelerate the development of efficient recombinant strains.
Interactions of Mg and K on cerebral vessels--aspects in view of stroke. Review of present status and new findings. (1984)

Considerable experimental evidence has accumulated to indicate that brain ischemia or stroke-like events will lead to rapid losses of brain potassium, magnesium, ATP, creatine phosphate and glucose. These events are usually followed by an uptake of sodium and calcium ions. Increased uptake or excess Ca2+ uptake in neuronal cells is thought to be the prime cause of neuronal death in the brain. Mg2+ deficiency is known to produce a host of neurological disturbances in man; experimentally, Mg2+ deficiency leads to excess uptake of Ca2+ in the brain. Strokes and transient ischemic attacks also are known to be associated with neurological disturbances and ionic changes in the brain. Stroke patients have been reported to exhibit deficits in serum and CSF [Mg]. Acute Mg or K deficiency can produce cerebrovasospasm, at least experimentally. The lower the extracellular concentration of either Mg2+ or K+, the greater the magnitude of cerebral arterial contraction. These cerebrovascular contractions induced by lowering either the [Mg2+]0 or [K+]0 cannot be antagonized or attenuated by known pharmacologic antagonists. The cerebrovasospasms produced upon lowering [Mg2+]0 can be modulated by [K+]0 and vice versa; e.g. the lower the [K+]0, the greater the degree of vasospasm upon withdrawal of [Mg2+]0 and vice versa. Lowering [Mg2+]0 in situ and in vitro results in increased uptake of Ca2+ in the brain and the cerebral arteries. Cerebrovasospasms induced by substances that are known to be released in the brain on injury, such as prostanoids and serotonin, are relaxed dramatically by addition of [Mg2+]0. Infusions of MgSO4 into the brain via the internal carotid artery produces dose-dependent lowering of systolic and diastolic blood pressure as well as dose-dependent vasodilatation of arterioles (17-30 micron) and venules (18-40 micron) in the cerebral microcirculation, as observed by direct in situ high-resolution TV image-intensification microscopy. In clinical studies, infusion of MgSO4 has been reported to alleviate cerebrovasospasms. Epidemiological evidence is accumulating to suggest that consumption of fruit and vegetables (foodstuffs relatively high in K and Mg, and low in Na) is associated in certain geographic regions with a lower than normal incidence of strokes, particularly that of cerebral hemorrhage. On the basis of such data, and the findings reported herein, we believe one must consider that certain types of cerebrovascular accidents, transient ischemic attacks and 'classical' migraine attacks may be associated with a 'true' Mg deficiency and altered fluxes of K+ ions in the brain and CSF.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Parallel and nested decomposition for factoid questions (2012)

Typically, automatic Question Answering (QA) approaches use the question in its entirety in the search for potential answers. We argue that decomposing complex factoid questions into separate facts about their answers is beneficial to QA, since an answer candidate with support coming from multiple independent facts is more likely to be the correct one. We broadly categorize decomposable questions as parallel or nested, and we present a novel question decomposition framework for enhancing the ability of single-shot QA systems to answer complex factoid questions. Essential to the framework are components for decomposition recognition, question rewriting, and candidate answer synthesis and re-ranking. We discuss the interplay among these, with particular emphasis on decomposition recognition, a process which, we argue, can be sufficiently informed by lexico-syntactic features alone. We validate our decomposition approach by implementing the framework on top of a state-of-the-art QA system, showing a statistically significant improvement over its accuracy.
New Concept to Non-Invasively Screen Iron Deficiency in Patients (2019)

Nearly two billion people are afflicted with iron deficiency and approximately 300 million children globally have anemia. Most of those affected are unaware of their lack of iron, in part because detection of iron deficiency requires a blood test. It is becoming increasingly important to screen these individuals to reduce medical cost and avoid chronic disease conditions. There are limited settings of laboratory infrastructure for standard blood-based tests around the world to routinely accomplish this important screening test. We propose a new concept to use either human hair or nail as a screening method to detect steady state iron content in patients utilizing a sensitive portable magnetometer. The optimum hair/ nail sample weight should be determined for acceptable detection resolution (i.e., acceptable correlation with the results of blood test). The advantages of a portable device are as follows: non-invasive approach, point of care (on the spot) response with patient hair/nail sample to make screening much faster, and make screening for iron deficiency more available and affordable for patients around the world by eliminating current shortcomings of blood-based iron screening. The potential outcome of this concept is of great value to iron deficient patients. An easy, and cost-effective screening system will reduce morbidity, chronic diseases and medical cost substantially throughout the world.
Auditory Pseudohallucinations Induced by a Combination of Hearing Impairment and Environmental Stress (1996)

The case of a young woman soldier with perinatal hearing impairment who developed auditory hallucinations during her basic military training is described. The hallucinatory experience was not accompanied by gross psychopathology. The synergistic effect of hearing impairment and stress may play a role in generating hallucinations.
GPU-Based Branchless Distance-Driven Projection and Backprojection (2017)

Projection and backprojection operations are essential in a variety of image reconstruction and physical correction algorithms in CT. The distance-driven (DD) projection and backprojection are widely used for their highly sequential memory access pattern and low arithmetic cost. However, a typical DD implementation has an inner loop that adjusts the calculation depending on the relative position between voxel and detector cell boundaries. The irregularity of the branch behavior makes it inefficient to be implemented on massively parallel computing devices such as graphics processing units (GPUs). Such irregular branch behaviors can be eliminated by factorizing the DD operation as three branchless steps: integration, linear interpolation, and differentiation, all of which are highly amenable to massive vectorization. In this paper, we implement and evaluate a highly parallel branchless DD algorithm for 3D cone beam CT. The algorithm utilizes the texture memory and hardware interpolation on GPUs to achieve fast computational speed. The developed branchless DD algorithm achieved 137-fold speedup for forward projection and 188-fold speedup for backprojection relative to a single-thread CPU implementation. Compared with a state-of-the-art 32-thread CPU implementation, the proposed branchless DD achieved 8-fold acceleration for forward projection and 10-fold acceleration for backprojection. GPU based branchless DD method was evaluated by iterative reconstruction algorithms with both simulation and real datasets. It obtained visually identical images as the CPU reference algorithm.
Removal of blobs from retinal videos using intra-video registration (2011)

Medical images and videos are used for surgical planning and augmentation, post surgical analysis, disease progression, and cure estimation. Retinal videos help ophthalmologists in diagnosis and analysis of the different eye impairments. Such videos contain the essential information, however, illuminating devices used for capturing fine details result in formation of blobs in the captured video. Resultantly, visibility of the eye is masked and obscures the observation of underlying area. This paper proposes a method of removing the blobs (artifacts) from retinal videos based on automatic video registration. Rigid registration model is used for intra-video (inter-frame) registration; normalized mutual information is used as image similarity measure which is optimized using Powell's method. The registration results show very good alignment between the frames and blobs are removed by replacing the area under them from the other frames. The results are checked on six retinal videos and they seem very promising.
Preface: Quantum Communication, Measurement and Computing (QCMC) (2014)

First Page
003 Detecting hypertensive heart disease: The additive value of cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (2016)

<h3>Introduction</h3> International hypertension guidelines advise screening for hypertensive heart disease (HHD) to aid risk stratification. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is the current non-invasive gold-standard for assessing ventricular structure/function. We aimed to determine the additive value of CMR in hypertensives over echocardiography. <h3>Methods</h3> 85 subjects (60% men, office systolic BP: 165 ± 28mmHg, office diastolic BP: 94 ± 14mmHg) from our tertiary hypertension clinic with preceding echo underwent 1.5T CMR. Left ventricular mass and volumes were estimated from short-axis steady-state free precession cines. LVH was defined on the basis of echo and CMR normal reference ranges. The presence and pattern of myocardial late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) was documented. <h3>Results</h3> Overall, there was no difference in prevalence of LVH by echo compared to CMR (68% vs 66%, P = 0.746). However, there was a discrepancy between echo and CMR in 28%. Relative to CMR gold-standard, echo over-diagnosed LVH in 15% and missed LVH in 13%. The diagnostic performance of echo at detecting LVH was as follows: specificity 55%, sensitivity 80%, positive predictive value 78%, negative predictive value 59% and overall accuracy 72%. Ischaemic LGE was present in 7% of subjects and non-ischaemic LGE was present in 9%. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Echocardiography over-diagnosed and under-diagnosed LVH in an important minority of patients. LGE tissue characterisation is unique to CMR and identified ischaemic and non-ischaemic myocardial fibrosis is an important minority of hypertensives. Our findings support an extended role of CMR in hypertension where documenting in the presence/absence of HHD may have clinical management implications.
Triazole-linked Glycosyl Amino Acids and Peptides. Synthesis, scope and applications (2001)

Naturally occurring glycosylated peptides play an important role in various biological processes and are therefore interesting lead molecules for the preparation of new therapeutic drugs.Synthesis of these natural glycopeptides is frequently hampered by the sensitivity of the natural glycosidic linkage towards enzymatic cleavage of the carbohydrate moiety. Herein we describe our efforts to prepare stable glycosidic C-linked serine isosteres by ligation of an open-chain unsaturated sugar to an allylglycine derivative, producing acyclic glycoamino acid alkenes as wel as a a novel, expedient, high-yielding synthesis of triazole-linked glycopeptides via Cu(I)catalyzed [3+2] cycloaddition of azidofunctionalized glycosides and acetylenic amino acids. The latter triazole-linked products, mimicking the N-linked glycosides found in Nature, have potentially relevant biological properties. Moreover, a range of protective groups were examined for application in an orthogonal coupling procedure en route to triazole analogues of natural glycopeptides with multiple glycosylated side-chains. The triazole-linked glycosidic amino acids are compatible with both solution as well as solid-phase peptide synthesis. In addition, the chemoenzymatic peptide coupling of glycosylated triazolyl- and amide-linked amino acid methyl esters, effected by alcalase, is described. Preparation of several cyclic RGD derivatives for selective targeting of avs3 integrin expressed in tumors and subsequent in vivo testing showed preferential uptake in the subcutaneous tumors, with the highest tumor-to-blood ratio measured for the triazole-linked glycosylated derivative. The results of the study are a clear indication of the value of the triazole moiety as a suitable amide isostere in the development of glycosylated peptides as pharmaceuticals. In addition, a novel copper-catalyzed cycloaddition of bromoalkynes and organic azides is described. Copper-mediated coupling resulted in the formation of bromo-containing trisubstituted [1,2,3]-triazole derivatives in high yield and a regioselective manner, and was applied in the cycloaddition of a variety of bromoacetylenes and azides
Expression Pattern of the Aspartyl-tRNA Synthetase DARS in the Human Brain (2018)

Translation of mRNA into protein is an evolutionarily conserved, fundamental process of life. A prerequisite for translation is the accurate charging of tRNAs with their cognate amino acids, a reaction catalyzed by specific aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. One of these enzymes is the aspartyl-tRNA synthetase DARS, which pairs aspartate with its corresponding tRNA. Missense mutations of the gene encoding DARS result in the leukodystrophy hypomyelination with brainstem and spinal cord involvement and leg spasticity (HBSL) with a distinct pattern of hypomyelination, motor abnormalities, and cognitive impairment. A thorough understanding of the DARS expression domains in the central nervous system is essential for the development of targeted therapies to treat HBSL. Here, we analyzed endogenous DARS expression on the mRNA and protein level in different brain regions and cell types of human post mortem brain tissue as well as in human stem cell derived neurons, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes. DARS expression is significantly enriched in the cerebellum, a region affected in HBSL patients and important for motor control. Although obligatorily expressed in all cells, DARS shows a distinct expression pattern with enrichment in neurons but only low abundance in oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and microglia. Our results reveal little homogeneity across the different cell types, largely matching previously published data in the murine brain. This human gene expression study will significantly contribute to the understanding of DARS gene function and HBSL pathology and will be instrumental for future development of animal models and targeted therapies. In particular, we anticipate high benefit from a gene replacement approach in neurons of HBSL mouse models, given the abundant endogenous DARS expression in this lineage cell.
Implementation of on-the-Fly Scatter Correction Using Dual Energy Window Method in Continuous 3D Whole Body PET Scanning (2006)

In order to achieve high-throughput and high-sensitivity for whole-body PET studies, the 3D continuous emission and spiral transmission (CEST) scanning are implemented in the PET system, SET-3000 series. In the CEST method, emission and transmission data are acquired simultaneously by moving the patient couch continuously, and were corrected attenuation and rebinned with on-the-fly at each axial sampling. In this work, we describe a solution to scatter correction in which scatter elements are estimated with a hybrid dual energy acquisition combined with hybrid normalize correction. The method estimates trues from an upper energy window through a convolution subtraction following component normalization and self normalization. These processes can be implemented into an on-the-fly reconstruction process. We have applied this "on-the-fly scatter correction" initially to continuous 3D emission data from a 5 ring GSO PET scanner. To investigate the performance, we compared the proposed method with the conventional convolution subtraction. On-the-fly scatter correction scheme had a high performance on continuous 3D whole body emission data
An Infraorbital Defect (2015)

*Kaiser Permanente, Riverside, California; †Department of Dermatology, University of California, Irvine (UCI), Irvine, California; ‡Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California; §Private Practice, Newport Beach, California Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Adam M. Rotunda, MD, 1100 Quail Street, Suite 102, Newport Beach, CA 92660, or e-mail: [email protected] The authors have indicated no significant interest with commercial supporters.
Extending the Spectrum of Dysgraphia: A Data Driven Strategy to Estimate Handwriting Quality (2020)

This paper proposes new ways to assess handwriting, a critical skill in any child's school journey. Traditionally, a pen and paper test called the BHK test (Concise Evaluation Scale for Children's Handwriting) is used to assess children's handwriting in French-speaking countries. Any child with a BHK score above a certain threshold is diagnosed as 'dysgraphic', meaning that they are then eligible for financial coverage for therapeutic support. We previously developed a version of the BHK for tablet computers which provides rich data on the dynamics of writing (acceleration, pressure, and so forth). The underlying model was trained on dysgraphic and non-dysgraphic children. In this contribution, we deviate from the original BHK for three reasons. First, in this instance, we are interested not in a binary output but rather a scale of handwriting difficulties, from the lightest cases to the most severe. Therefore, we wish to compute how far a child's score is from the average score of children of the same age and gender. Second, our model analyses dynamic features that are not accessible on paper; hence, the BHK is useful in this instance. Using the PCA (Principal Component Analysis) reduced the set of 53 handwriting features to three dimensions that are independent of the BHK. Nonetheless, we double-checked that, when clustering our data set along any of these three axes, we accurately detected dysgraphic children. Third, dysgraphia is an umbrella concept that embraces a broad variety of handwriting difficulties. Two children with the same global score can have totally different types of handwriting difficulties. For instance, one child could apply uneven pen pressure while another one could have trouble controlling their writing speed. Our new test not only provides a global score, but it also includes four specific score for kinematics, pressure, pen tilt and static features (letter shape). Replacing a global score with a more detailed profile enables the selection of remediation games that are very specific to each profile.
Symmetry-Aware Façade Parsing with Occlusions (2017)

Symmetries and repetitions are common and valuable features in urban scenes. We propose to leverage such regularity information in an efficient optimization scheme in order to segment a rectified image of a facade into semantic categories. Our method retrieves a parsing which respects common architectural constraints as well as detected repetitive structures and edge information. Additionally, the use of symmetry information allows us to efficiently deal with large occluded areas and to recover plausible facade images with a minimum of occlusions. Our approach yields state-of-the-art accuracy on datasets with challenging occlusions. Competitive works either fully fail to deal with large occlusions or they are an order of magnitude slower than our approach.
A forward genetic screen reveals novel independent regulators of ULBP1, an activating ligand for natural killer cells (2015)

Recognition and elimination of tumor cells by the immune system is crucial for limiting tumor growth. Natural killer (NK) cells become activated when the receptor NKG2D is engaged by ligands that are frequently upregulated in primary tumors and on cancer cell lines. However, the molecular mechanisms driving NKG2D ligand expression on tumor cells are not well defined. Using a forward genetic screen in a tumor-derived human cell line, we identified several novel factors supporting expression of the NKG2D ligand ULBP1. Our results show stepwise contributions of independent pathways working at multiple stages of ULBP1 biogenesis. Deeper investigation of selected hits from the screen showed that the transcription factor ATF4 drives ULBP1 gene expression in cancer cell lines, while the RNA-binding protein RBM4 supports ULBP1 expression by suppressing a novel alternatively spliced isoform of ULBP1 mRNA. These findings offer insight into the stress pathways that alert the immune system to danger.