gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of an Organic Acid Product During Feed Withdrawal on Broiler Mortality, Shrinkage and Carcass Condemnation Following Transport to Processing (2007)

In poultry and other species, economic losses during transport are due to mortality, carcass shrinkage (carcass dehydration) and carcass condemnation. Feed Withdrawal (FW) prior to processing is necessary to reduce fecal ingesta contamination of carcasses during processing. Direct acidification of the water with specific concentrations of some Organic Acids (OA) has been shown to significantly reduce the amount of potential pathogens such as Salmonella on the carcasses by antemortem disinfection of th e crops when used during the pre-slaughter feed withdrawal period. However, reduced water consumption due to effective OA concentrations have been shown to increase carcass shrink. In the present study, the effect of a commercially available mix of flavored organic acids significantly reduced carcass condemnation at the processing plant in 3/3 trials (p<0.05) % and mortality during transportation in 1/3 trials (0.40% treated vs. 0.65% control). A consistent improvement of average body weights at the farm and at the processing plant due to reduction of carcass shrinkage and condemnation at the processing plant were also observed in the treated marked age broiler chickens. Water intake was numerically higher in treated birds when compared with non-treated birds (72.9 mL vs. 62.5 mL). During FW, this OA product could be useful to reduce mortality, shrinkage and carcass condemnation during transportation to the processing plant of broiler chickens.
Design of Gravity Balancing Leg Orthosis Using Non-Zero Free Length Springs (2003)

For retraining stroke victims, there is a need for rehabilitation devices, which can support the weight of leg during walking. Machines that gravity balance the leg are potentially very useful. This paper presents gravity balancing designs using non-zero free length springs. These designs are further optimized for spring connection points and parameters of the spring such as free length and stiffness.
Inhibiting neutral amino acid transport for the treatment of phenylketonuria (2018)

The neuropathological effects of phenylketonuria (PKU) stem from the inability of the body to metabolize excess phenylalanine (Phe), resulting in accumulation of Phe in the blood and brain. Since the kidney normally reabsorbs circulating amino acids with high efficiency, we hypothesized that preventing the renal uptake of Phe might provide a disposal pathway that could lower systemic Phe levels. SLC6A19 is a neutral amino acid transporter responsible for absorption of the majority of free Phe in the small intestine and reuptake of Phe by renal proximal tubule cells. Transgenic KO mice lacking SLC6A19 have elevated levels of Phe and other amino acids in their urine but are otherwise healthy. Here, we crossed the Pahenu2 mouse model of PKU with the Slc6a19-KO mouse. These mutant/KO mice exhibited abundant excretion of Phe in the urine and an approximately 70% decrease in plasma Phe levels. Importantly, brain Phe levels were decreased by 50%, and the levels of key neurotransmitters were increased in the mutant/KO mice. In addition, a deficit in spatial working memory and markers of neuropathology were corrected. Finally, treatment of Pahenu2 mice with Slc6a19 antisense oligonucleotides lowered Phe levels. The results suggest that inhibition of SLC6A19 may represent a novel approach for the treatment of PKU and related aminoacidopathies.
Adaptive CSI Feedback with Hidden Semantic Information Transfer (2023)

Channel state information (CSI) feedback has been a challenging task for downlink frequency division duplex (FDD) system. Meanwhile, sensory data collection in large-scale network is pivotal to support intelligent applications in the central server. In this paper, we propose a deep-learning-empowered adaptive CSI feedback compression and quantization based on the information-bottleneck principle, where the sensory data transmission is hidden within the CSI feedback to eliminate extra communication cost and preserve the data privacy at the same time. To reduce the impact of information hiding on CSI feedback, we focus on hiding data in the semantic level. The tradeoffs among communication efficiency, CSI accuracy, hidden information transfer accuracy, and privacy are jointly optimized. Simulations further verify that the proposed scheme can achieve accurate sensory data collection without resource occupation and accurate CSI feedback with limited feedback overhead simultaneously.
Spontaneous tibioperoneal trunk and anterior tibial artery pseudoaneurysms (2012)

Aneurysms of the tibioperoneal trunk and anterior tibial artery are extremely rare. There are only a few case reports of this entity, for which the majority are secondary to prior trauma or bacteremia and endocarditis. We describe a case of spontaneous pseudoaneurysms of the right anterior tibial artery and tibioperoneal trunk. The pseudoaneurysms were thrombosed on follow-up computed tomography angiography and the patient has been asymptomatic. The patient is being treated conservatively and remains asymptomatic at 1 year of follow-up.
Lipid Polymorphism (1987)

The phase behavior of phospholipids may be monitored using 31P or 2H NMR techniques, which provide information concerning the motional properties of the lipid ensemble, which may then be correlated with structure. The lamellar/nonlamellar phase preferences of many lipids, either synthetic or naturally derived, may be controlled by factors such as variation in temperature, hydration, or of greater physiological relevance, pH, ionic strength, the presence of divalent cations such as calcium, or the presence of lipid soluble agents as anesthetics and alcohols. The ability of short-chain alcohols to stabilize a bilayer structure for egg PE may be rationalized in terms of the packing of lipids whose dynamic shapes are complementary, as illustrated in Figure 11. On the basis, short-chain alcohols would partition preferentially at the membrane/water interface and would thereby stabilize a lamellar structure. Larger-chain alcohols may partition deeper into the hydrophobic acyl chain region in order to minimize hydrocarbon/water contact and so may perturb the acyl chain packing, increasing the effective swept volume of the chains and so promoting hexagonal HII phase formation.
800 mW peak-power self-sustained pulsation GaAlAs laser diodes (1995)

We have developed a high-power self-sustained pulsation laser by using a multiple-quantum-well real refractive index guided self-aligned (RISA) structure that allows formation of large saturable absorbers outside a stripe region. As a result, a peak power as high as 800 mW was obtained in the laser with the stripe width of 1.0 /spl mu/m.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Quality Control Algorithms on WAAS Wide-Area Reference Stations (1997)

The Wide-Area Augmentation System (WAAS) will be a supplemental navigation aid for all phases of flight down to Category I precision approach, and eventually will be a primary navigation aid. This paper introduces a weighted Hatch filter, a very simple and practical filter for use in generating confidence values and improving the quality of the wide-area reference station (WRS) outputs. The paper also introduces a new real-time filter for estimating the velocity of ionospheric time delay with an accuracy of better than 0.2 mm/s using L1 and L2 continuous carrier phases. The filter can be used for detection of even a half-cycle slip and in the cycle slip recovery process. The technique can be applied to both mobile and static users.
Vaccination of domestic animals with a novel oral vaccine prevents Giardia infections, alleviates signs of giardiasis and reduces transmission to humans (2016)

<i>Giardia lamblia</i> is a human intestinal parasite and one of the most frequent enteric pathogen of companion animals. Clinical manifestations of giardiasis, such as diarrhoea, anorexia, weight loss and lethargy, have been associated with <i>Giardia</i> infections in both domestic and farm animals. A few anti-parasitic drugs are routinely used to treat giardiasis, but re-infections are common and drug-resistant strains have already been reported. Unfortunately, efficient vaccines against <i>Giardia</i> are not available. <i>Giardia</i> undergoes antigenic variation; through this mechanism, parasites can avoid the host's immune defenses, causing chronic infections and/or re-infections. Antigenic variation is characterised by a continuous switch in the expression of members of a homologous family of genes encoding surface antigens. In a previous report, we indicated that in <i>Giardia</i>, the mechanism responsible for the exchange of variant-specific surface proteins (VSPs) involves the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway. From a repertoire of ~200 VSP genes, only one is expressed on the surface of single trophozoites; however, RNAi machinery disruption generates trophozoites that express the complete VSP repertoire. We also demonstrated that gerbils orally immunised with VSPs isolated from these altered parasites showed high levels of protection. Here we tested this vaccine in cats and dogs, and found that it is highly efficient in preventing new infections and reducing chronic giardiasis in domestic animals both in experimental and natural infections. Remarkably, immunisation of dogs in a highly endemic area strongly decreased the percentage of infected children in the community, suggesting that this vaccine would block the zoonotic transmission of the disease.
Effect of acetic acid inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 (2023)

Effective measures are needed to prevent the spread and infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 that causes COVID-19. Chemical inactivation may help to prevent the spread and transmission of this and other viruses. Hence, we tested the SARS-CoV-2 antiviral activity of acetic acid, the main component of vinegar, in vitro. Inactivation and binding assays suggest that acetic acid is virucidal. We found that 6% acetic acid, a concentration typically found in white distilled vinegar, effectively inactivated SARS-CoV-2 after 15-min incubation with a complete loss of replication of competent virus as measured by TCID50. Transmission electron microscopy further demonstrated that 6% acetic acid disrupts SARS-CoV-2 virion structure. In addition, 6% acetic acid significantly inhibits and disrupts the binding of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein binding to ACE2, the primary SARS-CoV-2 cell receptor, after contact with spike protein for 5, 10, 30 and 60 minutes incubation. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that acetic acid possesses inactivating activity against SARS-CoV-2 and may represent a safe alternative to commonly used chemical disinfectants to effectively control the spread of SARS-CoV-2.
Technology Outlook: Federated Ontologies and Industrial Applications (2016)

Proprietary Ontologies allow for internally developed machine-usable content to be leveraged for greater purpose. In this context, Industrial Ontologies can be considered first and foremost, an integration technology, supporting connections between any numbers of disparate data sources. By this application, it is possible to leverage proprietary and public ontologies thus supporting a Federated Ontology. This paper explores the potential of a Federated Ontology for the purpose of supporting reasoning in the manufacturing sector. To this goal we summarize the current state of publically available ontologies examining how they are currently utilized, their application challenges and a realistic assessment of their potential.
VCSELs as light source for time-of-flight sensors (2017)

VCSELs and VCSEL arrays are an ideal light source for time-of-flight based sensors. The narrow emission spectrum and the ability for short pulses make them superior to LEDs. Combined with fast photodiodes or special camera chips spatial 3D information can be obtained which is needed in diverse applications like camera autofocus, indoor navigation, 3Dobject recognition or even autonomously driving vehicles. VCSEL arrays are the way to tailor the output power. For pulse operation at low duty cycle average heat dissipation is no longer the upper limit to the operating point of VCSELs but over-pulsing becomes possible. Taking into account electrical boundary conditions and optimum conversion efficiency arrays can be designed for specific operating conditions. Measurements of arrays under short pulse operation are presented using a package with integrated driver.
Mechanism of ischemia-enhanced aminoglycoside binding and uptake by proximal tubule cells (1993)

Preceding ischemia or concurrent hypotension is known to enhance aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity; however, the underlying mechanisms responsible have not been determined. To investigate the effect of preceding mild ischemia on cellular gentamicin handling, brush-border membrane vesicle binding and in vivo cellular gentamicin uptake were quantified using [3H]gentamicin as a tracer. Fifteen minutes of ischemia resulted in a marked increase in apical membrane gentamicin binding (2.8 +/- 0.4 vs. 4.9 +/- 0.8 nmol/mg protein, P < 0.01). This increase was associated with an increased number of binding sites (3.7 +/- 0.3 vs. 9.1 +/- 2.3 nmol/mg protein, P < 0.01) and a reduced binding affinity (11.8 +/- 2.2 vs. 27.7 +/- 10.4 microM, P < 0.01). This increase in gentamicin binding was accompanied by alterations in apical membrane phospholipids including a doubling of phosphatidylinositol (PI) levels (13.8 +/- 0.4 vs. 27.5 +/- 3.1 nmol/mg protein, P < 0.01). Furthermore, treatment of apical membrane vesicles with PI-specific phospholipase C markedly reduced the difference in gentamicin binding between paired control and ischemic membrane fractions. Increased gentamicin binding was associated with increased in vivo uptake of gentamicin by S1/S2 and S3 cells. Outer cortical uptake of gentamicin increased from 2.18 +/- 0.39 to 2.68 +/- 0.27 nmol/mg protein (P < 0.01) after 15 min of ischemia and 4 h of reperfusion. Juxtamedullary uptake also increased from 1.39 +/- 0.31 to 1.75 +/- 0.12 nmol/mg protein (P < 0.01). Immunocytochemical techniques, utilizing immunogold labeling, showed gentamicin was taken up via the receptor-mediated endocytic pathway by S1/S2 and S3 cells. After ischemic injury gentamicin was localized in abnormal intracellular accumulations in S3 but not S1 or S2 cells. Taken together, these data indicate ischemia results in a marked increase in apical gentamicin binding due to increases in apical PI content. This is associated with increased internalization by S1/S2 and S3 cells and abnormal intracellular compartmentalization of gentamicin within S3 cells.
Oxidation by Oxygen and Sulfur of Tin(IV) Derivatives Containing a Redox‐Active o‐Amidophenolate Ligand (2008)

Oxidation of tin(IV) o-amidophenolate complexes [Sn(ap)Ph(2)] (1) and [Sn(ap)Et(2)(thf)] (2) (ap=dianion of 4,6-di-tert-butyl-N-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-o-iminobenzoquinone (ImQ)) with molecular oxygen and sulfur in toluene solutions was investigated. The reaction of oxygen with 1 at room temperature forms a paramagnetic derivative [Sn(isq)(2)Ph(2)] (3) (isq=radical anion of ImQ) and diphenyltin(IV) oxide [{Ph(2)SnO}(n)]. Interaction of 1 with sulfur gives another monophenyl-substituted paramagnetic tin(IV) complex, [Sn(ap)(isq)Ph] (4), and the sulfide, [Ph(3)Sn](2)S. The oxidation of 2 with oxygen and with sulfur proceeds through the derivative [Sn(isq)(2)Et(2)] (7), which undergoes alkyl elimination to give two new tin(IV) compounds, [Sn(ap)(isq)Et] (5) and [Sn(ap)(EtImQ)Et] (6) (EtImQ=2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-(2,6-diisopropylphenylimino)-3-ethylcyclohexa-1,4-dienolate ligand), respectively, along with the corresponding alkyltin(IV) oxide and sulfide. Complexes 3-5 and 7 were studied by EPR spectroscopy. The structures of 3, 4 and 6 were investigated by X-ray analysis.
Performance of lightweight, implantable lithium/carbon monofluoride cells (2002)

Lightweight, implantable lithium/carbon monofluoride primary cells were developed and discharged under a family of constant resistance loads at 37/spl deg/C. Closed circuit potential and internal impedance were monitored throughout discharge. Operating temperature range was also examined from -10/spl deg/C to 50/spl deg/C. The data indicate that the cells should deliver 1.2 Ah to a 2 V cutoff under a 100 kohm resistor and are able to operate over a 60/spl deg/C temperature range.
Abstract 4621: EMP2 regulates the tumor microenvironment and is a novel therapeutic target for triple negative breast cancer (2012)

Abstract Breast cancer remains the most common malignancy in women, with the aggressive triple negative subtype accounting for nearly half of all breast cancer deaths. In this abstract, we describe a novel tetraspan protein, epithelial membrane protein-2 (EMP2) that is highly expressed in the majority of breast cancer tumors examined compared to healthy mammary epithelium. In particular, high levels of EMP2 were observed in over 70% of triple negative breast cancer cases examined. In tumor cells, EMP2 altered the integrin expression profile as well as promoted endothelial cell migration and tube formation through upregulation of VEGF. We produced a fully human intact IgG1 to test their effect on EMP2 expressing breast cancer cell lines. In vitro treatment with anti-EMP2 IgG1 decreased Src and FAK activation and resulted in cell death. Moreover, cultured supernatant from treated cells reduced endothelial cell migration and capillary-like tube formation. To determine the in vivo efficacy of EMP2 treatment, we first characterized potential toxicity from systemic administration. Anti-EMP2 IgG1 produced no observable toxicity (weight, CBC counts, tissue pathology) when administered at 10mg/kg over 7 weeks. Using similar conditions in preclinical xenograft and syngeneic mouse models, anti-EMP2 IgG1 decreased tumor growth with induction of necrosis. This effect was specific as no difference in tumor size was observed in EMP2 negative (Ramos) cell tumors. As in vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity was observed in both triple negative cell lines as well as cells expressing estrogen and progesterone receptors and/or Her-2/neu, these results present compelling evidence that EMP2 is a novel therapeutic target in triple negative breast cancers as well as other variants. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4621. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4621
Zero-voltage switched resonant and PWM converters: design-oriented analysis and performance evaluation (1994)

The relative performance evaluation of the different alternatives of bridge topologies with zero-voltage switching is presented. A design-oriented analysis is developed to optimize implementation of the converters in terms of efficiency. Efficiency optimization requires minimizing the circulating currents which are directly proportional to the reactive energy required by the resonant tank. The comparison of the different converters is based on the reactive energy required for ZVS. The study considers resonant converters with conventional variable frequency control and with phase-shift control, and the zerovoltage- switched full-bridge PWM converter (ZVS-FB-PWM). Also, a systematic procedure to determine all possible resonant converters with two or three reactive elements is presented, and the design-oriented analysis used to classifY them according to their properties. The analysis for the resonant converters uses the fundamental approximation which is verified by comparison with the existing exact analysis for the series resonant converter (SRC), the parallel resonant converter (pRe) and the LCC resonant converter (LCC-RC). Comparison of design examples shows a superior performance for the LCC-RC, and less circulating current for the conventional variable-frequency resonant converters than for the phase-shifted control version. Experimental verification is provided for the phase-shifted resonant converters. The effect of switch capacitance on the zero-voltage switching (ZVS) of resonant converters is studied for the SRC, PRC and LCC-RC. The effect of switch capacitance is more' pronounced for low Q designs. Consequently, it is of primary importance for the LCC-RC whose optimal design requires low Q values. The results have been verified experimentally in an LCC-RC prototype. A complete analysis and design procedure are provided for the new ZVS-FB-PWM converter, including a new active clamp circuit that completely eliminates the ringing in the I rectifiers. The design procedure and design considerations have been verified with three' experimental prototypes. The comparison of the resonant converters with the ZVS-FB-PWM converter based on the reactive power required for ZVS, shows that the ZVS-FB-PWM converter is a superior alternative to resonant converters. The ZVS-FB-PWM converter always has less circulating current than the resonant converters when it is designed for a limited ZVS range.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of a Chiral Macrocyclic Dibenzodicyclohexanotetraamide‐Containing Stationary Phase for Liquid Chromatography. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
EMERALDS-OSEK: A Small Real-Time Operating System for Automotive Control and Monitoring (1999)

Increasingly, microcontrollers are being used in automotive systems to handle sophisticated control and monitoring activities. As applications become more sophisticated, their design and development becomes complex, necessitating the use of an operating system to manage the complexity and provide an abstraction for improving portability of code. This paper presents EMERALDS-OSEK, an operating system we have designed and implemented based on OSEK/VDX, an open industry standard. We present some of the features and optimizations that make EMERALDSOSEK appropriate for small, low-cost microcontrollers typically found in automotive applications. We also present measurements of operating system performance. We find EMERALDS-OSEK to be efficient, both in terms of processing overheads and memory usage. However, we also find some parts of the OSEK standard that may be improved, and present our ideas for such improvements.
Binarizing Syntax Trees to Improve Syntax-Based Machine Translation Accuracy (2007)

We show that phrase structures in Penn Treebank style parses are not optimal for syntaxbased machine translation. We exploit a series of binarization methods to restructure the Penn Treebank style trees such that syntactified phrases smaller than Penn Treebank constituents can be acquired and exploited in translation. We find that by employing the EM algorithm for determining the binarization of a parse tree among a set of alternative binarizations gives us the best translation result. 1