gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New Intrinsic Fast Scintillator: Cesium Praseodymium Chloride (2022)

A sample of Cs 3 PrCl 6 crystal was grown under vacuum using the vertical Bridgman-Stockbarger method. The excitation spectrum, monitored at an emission wavelength of 310 nm, showed at least two excitation bands at around 233 and 257 nm. These excitation bands corresponded to the transitions from 4f 2 ground states ( 3 H J and 3 F J ) to 5d excited states of Pr 3+ split by the ligand-field interaction and the spin-orbit coupling. Upon UV excitation at 233 nm, the characteristic Pr 3+ 4f 1 5d 1 4f 2 emission bands were observed at 285 and 312 nm. The scintillation spectrum shows two emission bands peaking at 285 and 312 nm, which is consistent with the photoluminescence, and can thus be assigned to the transitions between the 5d 1 excited state and 4f 2 ground states owing to the Pr 3+ . The fast scintillation decay time constants were estimated to be approximately 11.7 ns (53%) and 72 ns (47%). The scintillation light yield reached 5900 ph/MeV.
Transfer from MHEMT to GaN HEMT Technology: Devices and Integration (2005)

AlGaN/GaN HEMTs are very promising devices for microwave power applications. Using a mask set originally developed for MHEMTs on GaAs and Ge, we have realized GaN-on-sapphire devices exhibiting very good DC and RF performance. Integration and packaging of these high power density devices necessitate specific attention to thermal management, especially for HEMTs grown on sapphire substrates. The low thermal conductivity of sapphire limits the power performance of these devices. Analogously to earlier work on MHEMTs on germanium substrates, we propose a substrate removal method and MCM-D integration technique for GaN-on-sapphire HEMTs.
An analysis of crack and porosity formation in laser surface treated magnesia partially stabilized zirconia (MgO-PSZ) and methods for alleviation (2006)

Crack formation during the laser surface treatment of materials with low coefficients of thermal conductivity values, such as ceramics, is one of the most intractable problems encountered in the field of laser materials processing. Likewise, porosity formation during the laser surface treatment of ceramics presents a problematic subject. Any analysis, therefore, of these issues would be most informative. It is widely accepted that to prevent cracking in ceramics during laser surface treatment some form of pre- and post-treatment heating must take place. This study examines the formation of cracks and porosities during the CO2 laser surface treatment of a magnesia partially stabilized zirconia (MgO-PSZ) ceramic when pre-treatment heating was applied externally and post treatment heating was achieved using firstly a plain diverging beam, and secondly using a diffractive optical element (DOE) to produce a “tailored” laser beam profile. The results of this study revealed that the pre-treatment heating regime and the laser beam profile played a vital role in determining the occurrence, number and scale of microcracks and porosities in the CO2 laser surface treated MgO-PSZ.
Association of Cognitive Function and Retinal Neural and Vascular Structure in Type 1 Diabetes (2020)

These findings suggest that noninvasive retinal imaging using OCT and OCTA may assist in estimating the risks for cognitive dysfunction in people with type 1 diabetes.
Coupling in vitro gastrointestinal lipolysis and Caco-2 cell cultures for testing the absorption of different food emulsions (2012)

International audience
A relative delay constrained tree for efficient multicast routing (2002)

In this paper, we propose a new algorithm for dynamic multicasting based on a new figure of merit called a relative delay constrained tree. The scheme provides a controlled tradeoff between the overall tree cost and the end-to-end delay in constructing a tree without rerouting as the group membership changes through joining and leaving. The computational complexity is kept low by applying the algorithm only within local regions at a slight sacrifice of the global optimization. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness and versatility of the algorithm in the construction of multicast trees with varying emphasis on the overall tree cost versus the end-to-end delay.
Prolongation of Evoked and Spontaneous Synaptic Currents at the Neuromuscular Junction after Activity Blockade Is Caused by the Upregulation of Fetal Acetylcholine Receptors (2006)

It has been shown previously in a number of systems that after an extended block of activity, synaptic strength is increased. We found that an extended block of synaptic activity at the mouse neuromuscular junction, using a tetrodotoxin cuff in vivo, increased synaptic strength by prolonging the evoked endplate current (EPC) decay. Prolongation of EPC decay was accompanied by only modest prolongation of spontaneous miniature EPC (MEPC) decay. Prolongation of EPC decay was reversed when quantal content was lowered by reducing extracellular calcium. These findings suggested that the cause of EPC prolongation was presynaptic in origin. However, when we acutely inhibited fetal-type acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) using a novel peptide toxin (alphaA-conotoxin OIVA[K15N]), prolongation of both EPC and MEPC decay were reversed. We also blocked synaptic activity in a mutant strain of mice in which persistent muscle activity prevents upregulation of fetal-type AChRs. In these mice, there was no prolongation of EPC decay. We conclude that upregulation of fetal-type AChRs after blocking synaptic activity causes modest prolongation of MEPC decay that is accompanied by much greater prolongation of EPC decay. This might occur if acetylcholine escapes from endplates and binds to extrajunctional fetal-type AChRs only during large, evoked EPCs. Our study is the first to demonstrate a functional role for upregulation of extrajunctional AChRs.
Antibody response against NY‐ESO‐1 in CHP‐NY‐ESO‐1 vaccinated patients (2007)

NY-ESO-1 specific humoral responses are frequently observed in patients with various types of NY-ESO-1 antigen expressing tumors. In a large proportion of NY-ESO-1 antibody-positive patients of NY-ESO-1-specific CD8 T-cells can also be detected suggesting that monitoring of the NY-ESO-1 specific humoral immune response may be a relevant and more practical surrogate for estimating the overall immune response against NY-ESO-1 in clinical vaccine studies. We have immunized 9 cancer patients with full length NY-ESO-1 protein formulated with cholesterol-bearing hydrophobized pullulan (CHP-NY-ESO-1) and investigated the humoral immune responses against NY-ESO-1. Seven patients were NY-ESO-1 antibody-negative and 2 patients were positive prior to vaccination. Vaccination with CHP-NY-ESO-1 resulted in the induction or increase of NY-ESO-1 antibody responses in all 9 patients immunized. Epitope analysis revealed 5 regions in the NY-ESO-1 protein molecule that were recognized by antibodies induced after vaccination. The 5 regions were also recognized by antibodies present in nonvaccinated, NY-ESO-1 antibody-positive cancer patients. A peptide spanning amino acids 91-108 was recognized in 6 out of 9 vaccinated patients and in 8 out of 9 nonvaccinated, sero-positive patients, being the most dominant antigenic epitope in NY-ESO-1 for antibody recognition in cancer patients. In conclusion, we showed that CHP-NY-ESO-1 protein vaccination had a potent activity for inducing humoral immune responses against NY-ESO-1 antigen in cancer patients. The antigenic epitopes recognized by antibodies in the vaccinated patients were similar to those recognized in cancer patients with spontaneous humoral immunity against NY-ESO-1.
Impact of mycobacterial culture among HIV-infected adults with presumed TB in Uganda: a prospective cohort study (2015)

The introduction of mycobacterial culture did not influence care for patients undergoing evaluation for TB in Kampala, Uganda. Attention to contextual factors surrounding implementation is needed to ensure the effective introduction of new testing strategies in low-income countries.
Fourier-phase imaging can be used to objectively analyze myocardial contrast echocardiograms (2002)

To objectively display myocardial opacification following intravenous injection of ultrasound contrast agents, we applied a first harmonic Fourier transformation to precordial harmonic Power-Doppler images in 21 patients undergoing Tl-201-SPECT, in 13 control subjects, and to epicardial second harmonic B-mode images in 10 patients undergoing CABG. Temporal and spatial distribution of myocardial intensities were analyzed. Marked temporal delays (phase shift 106/spl plusmn/90/spl deg/), and low intensities (30/spl plusmn/20) were found in 13/14 perfusion defects. Epicardial imaging showed higher intensity increases in septal (/spl Delta/ 40/spl plusmn/22) than in posterolateral segments (/spl Delta/ 20/spl plusmn/10, p<0.005) but regional phase angles were not different (/spl Delta/ 47/spl plusmn/11/spl deg/, n.s.), indicating homogenous resting perfusion. Thus, Fourier analysis can be applied to Power-Doppler- and epicardial harmonic B-mode images to display myocardial opacification in a simple objective format.
A Fully Distributed 10G-EPON-based Converged Fixed–Mobile Networking Transport Infrastructure for Next Generation Broadband Access (2012)

This work proposes and devises a self-healing hybrid tree/ring-based 10G-EPON architecture that enables the support of a converged PON–4G LTE access networking transport infrastructure to seamlessly backhaul both mobile and wireline business and residential services. The salient feature of the proposed architecture is that it supports a fully distributed control plane that enables intercommunication among the access nodes (optical network units—ONUs) as well as signaling, scheduling algorithms, and fault detection and recovery mechanisms. The distributed control plane enables each and every ONU to independently detect, manage, and recover most of the networking failure scenarios. This paper outlines and addresses the key technical requirements and differences between a PON-based converged architecture that utilizes a typically centralized architecture as the wireless segment of the hybrid architecture (e.g., Wi-Fi) versus one which utilizes a fully distributed architecture (e.g., 4G LTE). Physical layer performance simulations for the proposed architecture are also presented that show error free performance for the scalable architecture.
Numerically Efficient Method for Modeling Elastomeric Hysteresis (1999)

In this paper, we present a method for determining the force due to hysteresis in an elastomer to which a series of displacements has been applied. Beginning with the Preisach hysteresis model, we develop a method which is more general, but also computationally efficient, in order to predict the hysteretic force resulting from the past displacements applied to the elastomer. The model was tested by measuring the residual displacement of the midpoint of a silicone elastomer fiber following various applied displacements and comparing them to the value predicted by this model. The predicted results were found to be in reasonable agreement with the observed residual displacements.
Recognition of the Thomsen-Friedenreich Pancarcinoma Carbohydrate Antigen by a Lamprey Variable Lymphocyte Receptor (2013)

Variable lymphocyte receptors (VLRs) are leucine-rich repeat proteins that mediate adaptive immunity in jawless vertebrates. VLRs were recently shown to recognize glycans, such as the tumor-associated Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen (TFα; Galβ1-3GalNAcα), with a selectivity rivaling or exceeding that of lectins and antibodies. To understand the basis for TFα recognition by one such VLR (VLRB.aGPA.23), we measured thermodynamic parameters for the binding interaction and determined the structure of the VLRB.aGPA.23-TFα complex to 2.2 Å resolution. In the structure, four tryptophan residues form a tight hydrophobic cage encasing the TFα disaccharide that completely excludes buried water molecules. This cage together with hydrogen bonding of sugar hydroxyls to polar side chains explains the exquisite selectivity of VLRB.aGPA.23. The topology of the glycan-binding site of VLRB.aGPA.23 differs markedly from those of lectins or antibodies, which typically consist of long, convex grooves for accommodating the oligosaccharide. Instead, the TFα disaccharide is sandwiched between a variable loop and the concave surface of the VLR formed by the β-strands of the leucine-rich repeat modules. Longer oligosaccharides are predicted to extend perpendicularly across the β-strands, requiring them to bend to match the concavity of the VLR solenoid.
Compressive Online Decomposition of Dynamic Signals Via N-ℓ1 Minimization With Clustered Priors (2018)

We introduce a compressive online decomposition via solving an n-ℓ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> cluster-weighted minimization to decompose a sequence of data vectors into sparse and low-rank components. In contrast to conventional batch Robust Principal Component Analysis (RPCA)-which needs to access full data-our method processes a data vector of the sequence per time instance from a small number of measurements. The n-ℓ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> cluster-weighted minimization promotes (i) the structure of the sparse components and (ii) their correlation with multiple previously-recovered sparse vectors via clustering and re-weighting iteratively. We establish guarantees on the number of measurements required for successful compressive decomposition under the assumption of slowly-varying low-rank components. Experimental results show that our guarantees are sharp and the proposed algorithm outperforms the state of the art.
Duplication of distal 20q: clinical, cytogenetic and array CGH Characterization of a new case (2005)

Trisomy of the long arm of chromosome 20 is rare. We describe an 18-month-old male who was born at 36 weeks via Caesarian section after an uneventful pregnancy. During the newborn period he was found to have a right-sided cleft lip and cleft palate, hypertelorism, strabismus and mildly over-folded ears with cupping. Cardiovascular examination was consistent with the diagnosis of severe aortic coarctation, which was confirmed by echocardiogram. Additionally, hypothyroidism was diagnosed. Neurological evaluation at 18 months revealed a hypotonic infant with delayed acquisition of motor milestones. Cytogenetic analysis showed additional material on the long arm of chromosome 20, confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis as being of chromosome 20 origin. Because of the indistinct GTG-banding pattern it was not possible to distinguish between a proximal [dup(20)(q11.2q13.1)] or distal duplication [dup(20)(q13.1q13.3)]. To further define the duplication we used array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) which demonstrated a 7.8 Mb interstitial duplication in distal 20q. Thus, the proband's karyotype was interpreted as 46,XY,dup(20)(q13.2q13.2). The proband is the first reported case of a pure duplication of this region. This case further highlights the utility of array CGH in characterizing aneusomies and, in particular, for accurate breakpoint designation and quantitation of ambiguous rearrangements.
Development of a motion‐controlled in vitro elbow testing system (2003)

Joint simulators can be used to study motion pathways of a human joint, to investigate changes in joint stability following injury, and to formulate improved reconstructive and rehabilitative procedures. Our objectives were: to develop a laboratory-based, motion-controlled elbow testing apparatus capable of simulating tendon (muscle) loading and displacement in a cadaveric specimen; to describe its performance while testing stable and unstable elbows; and to compare its operation to that of a previously designed load-controlled device. Velocity control of a pneumatic actuator was achieved using a custom-written, closed-loop feedback controller. This actuator was incorporated into an elbow testing system that used additional pneumatic actuators and a combination of motion- and load-control to achieve desired motions. Simulations achieved with this apparatus demonstrated small magnitudes of error in actuator position and highly repeatable flexion pathways with the specimens positioned in vertical, varus, and valgus orientations. The repeatability in motion pathways generated in both a stable and unstable elbow model was equivalent to or better than for similar tests performed using the load-controlled system, and the velocity of the resulting elbow motion was more reproducible.
Advances in Chemistry and Their Implications for Studying and Treating Brain Disease (2017)

Chemical approaches to creating new drug delivery systems and biomaterials are discussed. These delivery systems have been used to study how blood vessels grow and how different molecules affecting the brain behave. They have also been used in treatments ranging from schizophrenia to brain cancer.
Multimodal Imaging for DREADD-Expressing Neurons in Living Brain and Their Application to Implantation of iPSC-Derived Neural Progenitors (2016)

The present work provides the first successful demonstration of in vivo positron emission tomographic (PET) visualization of a chemogenetic designer receptor (designer receptor exclusively activated by designer drugs, DREADD) expressed in living brains. This technology has been applied to longitudinal PET reporter imaging of neuronal grafts differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells. Differentiated from currently used reporter genes for neuroimaging, DREADD has also been available for functional manipulation of target cells, which could be visualized by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in a real-time manner. Multimodal imaging with PET/fMRI enables the visualization of the differentiation of iPSC-derived neural progenitors into mature neurons and DREADD-mediated functional manipulation along the time course of the graft and is accordingly capable of fortifying the utility of stem cells in cell replacement therapies.
CCDC 1566577: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination (2017)

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
From Vinylogation to Alkynylogation: Extending the Reactivity of Enolates (2010)

Extending reactivity through conjugated multiple carbon-carbon bonds can be a rapid way to expand the scope of synthetic chemistry. In this account, we describe our research on the alkynylogation of enolates. We conducted a systematic investigation on reactions of alkynyl- and allenyl-substituted enolates with various electrophiles. Those reactions led to the convenient synthesis of highly functionalized allenes, alkynes, and 1,3-dienes. Some relevant literature reports are also described.
Analysis of ballistic electron transport in semiconductor quantum-well waveguides (1990)

The wave nature of ballistic (collisionless) electrons in semiconductor quantum wells is treated. Reflection of an electron from a single potential barrier is analyzed as a function of the electron's incident angle and kinetic energy. Results include critical angle for total reflection, wave-function phase shift on reflection, and lateral (Goos–Hanchen) shift parallel to the barrier on reflection.
Control of RNA processing by a large non-coding RNA over-expressed in carcinomas (2011)

RNA processing is vital for the high fidelity and diversity of eukaryotic transcriptomes and the encoded proteomes. However, control of RNA processing is not fully established. Σ RNA is a class of conserved large non-coding RNAs (murine Hepcarcin; human MALAT-1) up-regulated in carcinomas. Using antisense technology, we identified that RNA post-transcriptional modification is the most significant global function of Σ RNA. Specifically, processing of the pre-mRNAs of genes including Tissue Factor and Endoglin was altered by hydrolysis of Σ RNA/MALAT-1. These results support the hypothesis that Σ RNA/MALAT-1 is a regulatory molecule exerting roles in RNA post-transcriptional modification.
Performance of recent advanced color-difference formulas using the standardized residual sum of squares index (2008)

The standardized residual sum of squares (STRESS) index was used to reevaluate four experimental datasets employed during the development of CIEDE2000, the current CIE recommended color-difference formula. This index enables statistical inferences not achievable by other metrics used commonly for performance evaluation. It was found that CIEDE2000 was statistically superior at a 95% confidence level to either CIE94, the previous recommended equation by the CIE, or the simple Euclidean distance in CIELAB, DeltaE*ab. Recent formulas based on the CIECAM02 color-appearance space and chroma-compressed variants of CIELAB were also evaluated and found to have only slightly reduced performance compared with CIEDE2000. These formulas have the advantage of simplicity and easier interpretation when used for quantifying color accuracy. Finally, each experimental dataset was evaluated separately rather than weight averaged as used during the development of CIEDE2000. Significant differences were found between datasets, suggesting that combining datasets may obscure important differences and that the practice of parameter optimization during formula development using combined data is likely suboptimal.
Persisting in-memory databases using SCM (2016)

Big Data applications need to be able to access large amounts of variable data as fast as possible. Emerging Storage Class Memory (SCM) fit this need by making memory available in large capacity while making changes endure as a seamless continuation of load-store accesses through processor caches. However, when writing values into a persistent memory tier, programmers are faced with the dual problems of controlling untimely cache evictions that might commit changes prematurely, and of grouping changes and making them durable as a unit so that consistency can be guaranteed in the event of sudden failure. In this paper, we present various methods to achieve high-performance byte-addressable persistence for an in-memory data store. We chose Redis, a popular high-performance memory oriented key value database. We modified its source code to use SCM such that updates to data and structures are performed in a failure resilient manner. We evaluated the changes using both internal benchmarks and the Yahoo! Cloud Servicing Benchmark (YCSB). We found that even though Redis uses many SCM read operations, it can benefit from highly optimized persistent SCM write based approaches, especially when SCM write times are longer than DRAM write times. The paper presents an innovative Local Alias Table Batched (LATB) method, and shows that it outperforms the alternatives.