gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Large-scale wireless local-area network measurement and privacy analysis (2011)

The edge of the Internet is increasingly becoming wireless. Understanding the wireless edge is therefore important for understanding the performance and security aspects of the Internet experience. This need is especially necessary for enterprise-wide wireless local-area networks (WLANs) as organizations increasingly depend on WLANs for mission-critical tasks. To study a live production WLAN, especially a large-scale network, is a difficult undertaking. Two fundamental difficulties involved are (1) building a scalable network measurement infrastructure to collect traces from a large-scale production WLAN, and (2) preserving user privacy while sharing these collected traces to the network research community. In this dissertation, we present our experience in designing and implementing one of the largest distributed WLAN measurement systems in the United States, the Dartmouth Internet Security Testbed (DIST), with a particular focus on our solutions to the challenges of efficiency, scalability, and security. We also present an extensive evaluation of the DIST system. To understand the severity of some potential trace-sharing risks for an enterprise-wide large-scale wireless network, we conduct privacy analysis on one kind of wireless network traces, a user-association log, collected from a large-scale WLAN. We introduce a machine-learning based approach that can extract and quantify sensitive information from a user-association log, even though it is sanitized. Finally, we present a case study that evaluates the tradeoff between utility and privacy on WLAN trace sanitization.
Endocytosis of pro-cathepsin D into breast cancer cells is mostly independent of mannose-6-phosphate receptors (1998)

Cathepsin D trafficking is altered in cancer cells, leading to increased secretion of the pro-enzyme, which can be reinternalized by the same cancer cells and by stromal cells. We studied pro-cathepsin D endocytosis in two human breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB231, MCF-7) and in human normal fibroblasts. Pro-enzyme uptake was studied indirectly through immunofluorescence analysis of anti-pro-cathepsin D monoclonal antibodies internalized in living cells. Both cancer cell lines internalized the pro-cathepsin D-antibody complex into endosomal compartments in the presence of 10 mM mannose-6-phosphate. Non-malignant fibroblasts, which do not secrete pro-cathepsin D, only internalized anti-cathepsin D antibody when purified pro-cathepsin D was added and this endocytosis was totally inhibited by mannose-6-phosphate. Cathepsin D endocytosis in cancer cells was not mediated by lectins or another receptor binding the cathepsin profragment. It was not due to fluid endocytosis, since another protein pS2 secreted by MCF-7 was not endocytosed with its antibody in the same conditions. Double-immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy analyses revealed that antibodies specific to pro-cathepsin D (M2E8) and to the mannose-6-phosphate/IGFII receptor were co-internalized independently in non-permeabilized MDA-MB231 cells and MCF-7 cells, but not in fibroblasts. Moreover, when metabolically labelled pro-cathepsin D secreted by MCF-7 or MDA-MB231 cells was incubated with homologous or heterologous non-radioactive cells, the time-dependent uptake and maturation of the pro-enzyme into fibroblasts were totally inhibited by mannose-6-phosphate, whereas they were not in the two breast cancer cell lines. The percentage of mannose-6-phosphate-independent binding of radioactively labelled pro-cathepsin D to MDA-MB231 cells at 16 degrees C was higher (7-8%) at low pro-cathepsin D concentration than at high concentration (1.5%), indicating the presence of saturable binding site(s) at the cell surface that are different from the mannose-6-phosphate receptors. We conclude that, in contrast to fibroblasts, breast cancer cells can endocytose the secreted pro-cathepsin D by a cell surface receptor that is different from the mannose-6-phosphate receptors or other lectins. The nature of this alternative receptor and its significance in the action of secreted pro-cathepsin D remain to be elucidated.
Efficient FIB caching using minimal non-overlapping prefixes (2013)

The size of the global Routing Information Base (RIB) has been increasing at an alarming rate. This directly leads to the rapid growth of the global Forwarding Information Base (FIB) size, which raises serious concerns for ISPs as the FIB memory in line cards is much more expensive than regular memory modules and it is very costly to increase this memory capacity frequently for all the routers in an ISP. One potential solution is to install only the most popular FIB entries into the fast memory (i.e., a FIB cache), while storing the complete FIB in slow memory. In this paper, we propose an effective FIB caching scheme that achieves a considerably higher hit ratio than previous approaches while preventing the cache-hiding problem. Our experimental results show that with only 20K prefixes in the cache (5.36% of the actual FIB size), the hit ratio of our scheme is higher than 99.95%. Our scheme can also handle cache misses, cache replacement and routing updates efficiently.
Laminectomy for thoracic spinal canal stenosis (2000)

Stenosis of the thoracic spinal canal is a relatively rare disorder with numerous causes. Clinical manifestations include signs and or symptoms consistent with focal thoracic radiculopathy and/or myelopathy. Several surgical approaches for the decompression of the stenotic thoracic canal have been described. Laminectomy is typically reserved for only those cases in which dorsal compression of the neural elements is demonstrated; it is contraindicated when the epidural compression is primarily ventral in location.
Online learning for multi-agent based resource allocation in weakly coupled wireless systems (2022)

We propose and evaluate a learning-based framework to address multi-agent resource allocation in coupled wireless systems. In particular we consider, multiple agents (e.g., base stations, access points, etc.) that choose amongst a set of resource allocation options towards achieving their own performance objective /requirements, and where the performance observed at each agent is further coupled with the actions chosen by the other agents, e.g., through interference, channel leakage, etc. The challenge is to find the best collective action. To that end we propose a Multi-Armed Bandit (MAB) framework wherein the best actions (aka arms) are adaptively learned through online reward feedback. Our focus is on systems which are "weakly-coupled" wherein the best arm of each agent is invariant to others' arm selection the majority of the time - this majority structure enables one to develop light weight efficient algorithms. This structure is commonly found in many wireless settings such as channel selection and power control. We develop a bandit algorithm based on the Track-and-Stop strategy, which shows a logarithmic regret with respect to a genie. Finally through simulation, we exhibit the potential use of our model and algorithm in several wireless application scenarios.
Solubility of several analogues of triphenylphosphine in carbon dioxide (2005)

Homogeneous catalysts often have poor solubility in supercritical CO2 (scCO2) because they contain aromatic ligands such as PPh3. The standard approach to this problem, adding fluorinated alkyl groups to the ligands, increases the cost and adds concerns about environmental persistence. Three fluorine-free strategies for increasing the solubility of PPh3-analogs in scCO2 have now been tested and two more soluble ligands identified.
Intrinsic retention statistics in phase change memory (PCM) arrays (2013)

Introduction: Recently, phase change memory (PCM) has entered the commercial stage in a 45 nm technology [1]. To better assess the potential scaling and application as embedded memory [2], data retention and its statistics must be carefully understood and optimized. This work studies crystallization statistics in 1 Gb arrays of PCM devices. We evidence (i) retention stabilization by tuning of the programming conditions, and (ii) erratic retention due to crystallization variability. A new retention model is developed, which is capable of predicting cell-to-cell and cycle-to-cycle variability as a function of programming conditions.
Work-in-Progress: HyFlex Hands-On Hardware Security Education During COVID-19 (2022)

Practical, hands-on hardware experience is an essential component of computer engineering education. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, courses with laboratory components such as Computer Logic Design or FPGA Design were subject to interruption from sudden changes in course modality. While simulators can cover some aspects of laboratory work, they cannot fully replace the hands-on experience students receive working with and debugging hardware. For hardware security in particular, experimenting with attacks and countermeasures on real hardware is vital. In this paper, we describe our approach to designing a practical, hands-on hardware security course that is suitable for HyFlex delivery. We have developed a total of nine experiments utilizing two inexpensive, portable, and selfcontained development boards which generally obviate the need for bench equipment. We discuss the trade-offs inherent in the course and experiment design, as well as issues relating to deployment and support for the required design software.
ChemInform Abstract: THE SYNTHESIS OF α‐ACETOXYBENZYLBENZYLNITROSAMINE (1983)

Abstract Die N‐Nitroso‐Verlaindung (V) wird als Metabolit des nicht mutugenen und nicht carcinogenen N‐Nitroso‐dibenzylamins hergestellt.
Direct Assessment of Auger Recombination Rates of Charged Excitons via Opto-Electrical Measurements (2023)

Auger recombination (AR), whereby the electron–hole recombination energy is transferred to a third charge carrier, prevails in nanocrystal quantum dots (QDs) and governs the performance of QD-based devices including light-emitting diodes and lasers. Thus, precise AR evaluation of QDs is essential for understanding and improving the characteristics of such applications. So far, conventional charging approaches, such as the stir-versus-static method, photochemistry, or electrochemistry, have been able to assess the AR decay rate of either positively (two holes and one electron, X+) or negatively (one hole and two electrons, X–) charged excitons, and the decay dynamics of the other type of charged exciton is presumably estimated by the superposition principle of the biexciton Auger process. Herein, we demonstrate an opto-electrical method that enables us to precisely assess AR rates of X+ and X– in core/shell heterostructured QDs. Specifically, we devise electron-only devices and hole-only devices to inject extra charge carriers into QDs without unwanted side reactions or degradation of QDs and probe AR characteristics of these charged QDs via time-resolved photoluminescence measurements. We find that AR rates of charged excitons, both X+ and X–, gained from the present method agree well with those attained from conventional approaches and the superposition principle, corroborating the validity of the present approach. This present method permits us to comprehend multicarrier dynamics in QDs, prompting the use of QDs in light-emitting diodes and laser devices based on QDs.
The Triangular Quadrotor: A More Efficient Quadrotor Configuration (2015)

We describe a new configuration of fixed-pitch miniature robot rotorcraft that combines the energetic efficiency of a helicopter and the mechanical simplicity of a quadrotor. The large power required to hover is proportional to the inverse of the rotor radius; thus, for a given diameter footprint, a single large rotor will energetically outperform several smaller rotors within the same boundary. However, smaller rotors are able to respond more quickly than large rotors, which require complex actuation to provide control. Our “triangular quadrotor” configuration uses a single large rotor for lift and three small rotors for control, gaining the benefits of both. The small rotors are canted slightly to also provide the same service as a conventional helicopter's tail rotor. Momentum theory analysis shows that a triangular quadrotor may provide a 20% reduction in required hover power, compared with a quadrotor of the same mass and footprint. This is particularly valuable for flying robots working indoors where maximum rotor size is constrained. Using conventional quadrotor and a triangular quadrotors constructed to be a similar as possible, we demonstrate that the triangular quadrotor uses 15% less power, without optimization. A power efficiency budget is provided, and the influence of drive system efficiency is explored. We present a dynamic model and demonstrate experimentally that the aircraft can be stabilized in flight with simple PID control.
An Interactive Approach for Filtering Out Junk Images From Keyword-Based Google Search Results (2009)

The keyword-based Google images search engine is now becoming very popular for online image search. Unfortunately, only the text terms that are explicitly or implicitly linked with the images are used for image indexing but the associated text terms may not have exact correspondence with the underlying image semantics, thus the keyword-based Google images search engine may return large amounts of junk images which are irrelevant to the given keyword-based queries. Based on this observation, we have developed an interactive approach to filter out the junk images from keyword-based Google images search results and our approach consists of the following major components. a) A kernel-based image clustering technique is developed to partition the returned images into multiple clusters and outliers. b) Hyperbolic visualization is incorporated to display large amounts of returned images according to their nonlinear visual similarity contexts, so that users can assess the relevance between the returned images and their real query intentions interactively and select one or multiple images to express their query intentions and personal preferences precisely. c) An incremental kernel learning algorithm is developed to translate the users' query intentions and personal preferences for updating the mixture-of-kernels and generating better hypotheses to achieve more accurate clustering of the returned images and filter out the junk images more effectively. Experiments on diverse keyword-based queries from Google images search engine have obtained very positive results. Our junk image filtering system is released for public evaluation at: http://www.cs.uncc.edu/~jfan/google-demo/.
Produção de fitomassa e atributos químicos do solo sob cultivo em aléias e sob vegetação nativa de cerrado (1998)

Os sistemas agroflorestais podem aliar produção de alimentos com conservação dos recursos naturais, buscando economia de fertilizantes a partir da reciclagem de nutrientes. A produção de fitomassa e o aporte de nutrientes foram quantificados num cultivo em aléias e em área de vegetação nativa de cerrado em Botucatu (SP), com vistas em verificar as influências do sistema agroflorestal nos atributos químicos do solo. A leucena foi plantada em linhas em 1987, com espaçamento de 6 m, após calagem e aplicação de P. As linhas da leguminosa foram podadas anualmente, permitindo o cultivo intercalar de centeio + aveia e milho + feijão, durante a estação seca e chuvosa, respectivamente. A produção anual de fitomassa no sistema agroflorestal foi de 11.036 kg ha-1 de massa seca, com um aporte mineral pelas plantas de (kg ha-1) 149,0 de N, 9,4 de P, 70,0 de K, 75,2 de Ca e 31,1 de Mg. O pH do solo e os teores de Ca e Mg nesse sistema foram superiores aos do cerrado, o que se atribuiu ao efeito do calcário. A adubação verde, principalmente a fitomassa da leucena, colaborou na alteração dos teores de matéria orgânica, N e P no solo sob cultivo em aléias.
Data from Inhibition of CCAAT/Enhancer Binding Protein Family DNA Binding in Mouse Epidermis Prevents and Regresses Papillomas (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;The CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins (C/EBP) are a family of B-ZIP DNA binding proteins that act as transcription factors to regulate growth and differentiation of many cell types, including keratinocytes. To examine the consequences of inhibiting the C/EBP family of transcription factors in skin, we generated transgenic mice that use the tetracycline system to conditionally express A-C/EBP, a dominant negative that inhibits the DNA binding of C/EBP family members. We expressed A-C/EBP in the basal layer of the skin epidermis during a two-step skin carcinogenesis protocol. A-C/EBP expression caused hyperplasia of the basal epidermis and increased apoptosis in the suprabasal epidermis. The mice developed fewer papillomas and had systemic hair loss. A-C/EBP expression caused C/EBPβ protein to disappear whereas C/EBPα, p53, Bax, and caspase-3 protein levels were dramatically up-regulated in the suprabasal layer. Primary keratinocytes recapitulate the A-C/EBP induction of cell growth and increase in p53 protein. A-C/EBP expression after papilloma development caused the papillomas to regress with an associated increase in apoptosis and up-regulation of p53 protein. Furthermore, A-C/EBP–expressing mice heterozygous for p53 were more susceptible to papilloma formation, suggesting that the suppression of papilloma formation has a p53-dependent mechanism. These results implicate DNA binding of C/EBP family members as a potential molecular therapeutic target. [Cancer Res 2007;67(4):1867–76]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Distinguishing protein-coding and noncoding genes in the human genome (2007)

Although the Human Genome Project was completed 4 years ago, the catalog of human protein-coding genes remains a matter of controversy. Current catalogs list a total of approximately 24,500 putative protein-coding genes. It is broadly suspected that a large fraction of these entries are functionally meaningless ORFs present by chance in RNA transcripts, because they show no evidence of evolutionary conservation with mouse or dog. However, there is currently no scientific justification for excluding ORFs simply because they fail to show evolutionary conservation: the alternative hypothesis is that most of these ORFs are actually valid human genes that reflect gene innovation in the primate lineage or gene loss in the other lineages. Here, we reject this hypothesis by carefully analyzing the nonconserved ORFs-specifically, their properties in other primates. We show that the vast majority of these ORFs are random occurrences. The analysis yields, as a by-product, a major revision of the current human catalogs, cutting the number of protein-coding genes to approximately 20,500. Specifically, it suggests that nonconserved ORFs should be added to the human gene catalog only if there is clear evidence of an encoded protein. It also provides a principled methodology for evaluating future proposed additions to the human gene catalog. Finally, the results indicate that there has been relatively little true innovation in mammalian protein-coding genes.
Synthesis of a 2,2'-Bipyridyl Functionalized Oligovinylene-Phenylene Using Heck and Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons Reactions and X-ray Crystal Structure of E-(4-(4-Bromostyryl)phenyl)(methyl)sulfane (2012)

The synthesis of a new 2,2'-bipyridyl functionalized oligovinylenephenylene (OVP-5) containing a methyl protected thiol using Heck coupling and the Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction and is described. A key step involving a diisopropylcarbodiimide promoted dehydration of a stable β-hydroxyphosphonate intermediate was identified. The structure of precursor E-(4-(4-bromostyryl)phenyl)(methyl)sulfane was determined using X-ray crystallography.
Effects of Intravenous Cilostazol on Optic Nerve Head and Choroidal Blood Flow in Anesthetized Cats (1998)

Cilostazol is one of a number of anti-platelet agents used for the treatment of thrombotic disorders, such as chronic arterial obstruction, and is a vasodilator as well. In the present study, cilostazol was intravenously administered to seven anesthetized cats, and the optic nerve head (ONH) and choroidal blood flows were continuously monitored in a noninvasive method using laser Doppler flowmetry. The systemic blood pressure dropped significantly by 4+/-4% (p<0.05) with cilostazol 0.03 microg/kg/min, although there were no significant changes in ONH and choroidal blood flows. When the drug was given at 0.1 microg/kg/min, ONH blood flow remained significantly higher than the baseline, 54+/-37% (p<0.05) at maximum, immediately after the start of administration. Soon after the start of the infusion, a significant decrease, 17+/-10% (p<0.05) at maximum, in choroidal blood flow occurred, but this was followed by a significant increase, 35+/-27% (p<0.05) at maximum. At that time, the systemic blood pressure dropped significantly by 14+/-6% (p<0.05). These findings indicate that an intravenous administration of cilostazol increases both ONH and choroidal blood flows, suggesting the potential usefulness of cilostazol for both prophylactic and therapeutic management of ophthalmic circulatory disorders.
Review of integrated charging methods for plug-in electric and hybrid vehicles (2012)

This paper reviews the current status and implementation of integrated charging methods for plug-in electric vehicles and hybrids. Battery charger systems are categorized into on-board and off-board types. An off-board charger can be designed for high charging rates and is less constrained by size and weight. Typical on-board chargers limit the high power because of weight, space, volume and cost constraints. Integration of the charging function into the electric drive system and electric motor has been developed to minimize battery charger costs, weight and volume. In an integrated charger, motor windings are used for the inductors. The motor drive inverter serves as a bidirectional ac-dc converter. Various integrated charger topologies are presented, compared, and evaluated based on cost, weight, suitability, configurations, and other factors.
Design of optimum multi-dimensional energy compaction filters (2003)

We discuss the design of optimum signal-adapted multi-dimensional energy compaction filters. As in the one-dimensional (1-D) case, the energy compaction problem is linear in the auto-correlation coefficients of the compaction filter, which must also satisfy the multi-dimensional (m-D) equivalent of the Nyquist-(M) condition. If a minimum-phase spectral factor exists the optimum compaction filter is recovered using the m-D Discrete Hilbert Transform (DHT). If a minimum phase spectral factor does not exist, an iterative algorithm based on multi-objective goal attainment is proposed. The Nyquist-M condition is enforced while simultaneously forcing the autocorrelation coefficients of the compaction filter to be as close as possible to the coefficients of the product filter and the compaction gain of the optimum compaction filter to be close to the compaction gain produced by using the optimum product filter.
Dependence of the Excitability of Pituitary Cells on Cyclic Nucleotides (2012)

Cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate and cyclic 3',5'-guanosine monophosphate are intracellular (second) messengers that are produced from the nucleotide triphosphates by a family of enzymes consisting of adenylyl and guanylyl cyclases. These enzymes are involved in a broad array of signal transduction pathways mediated by the cyclic nucleotide monophosphates and their kinases, which control multiple aspects of cell function through the phosphorylation of protein substrates. We review the findings and working hypotheses on the role of the cyclic nucleotides and their kinases in the control of electrical activity of the endocrine pituitary cells and the plasma membrane channels involved in this process.