gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sequential tunneling and inelastic cotunneling in nanoparticle arrays (2008)

We investigate transport in weakly coupled metal nanoparticle arrays, focusing on the regime where tunneling is competing with strong single electron charging effects. This competition gives rise to an interplay between two types of charge transport. In sequential tunneling, transport is dominated by independent electron hops from a particle to its nearest neighbor along the current path. In inelastic cotunneling, transport is dominated by cooperative multielectron hops that each go to the nearest neighbor but are synchronized to move charge over distances of several particles. In order to test how the temperature-dependent cotunnel distance affects the current-voltage $(I\text{\ensuremath{-}}V)$ characteristics, we perform a series of systematic experiments on highly ordered close-packed nanoparticle arrays. The arrays consist of $\ensuremath{\sim}5.5\text{ }\text{nm}$ diameter gold nanocrystals with tight size dispersion, spaced $\ensuremath{\sim}1.7\text{ }\text{nm}$ apart by interdigitating shells of dodecanethiol ligands. We present $I\text{\ensuremath{-}}V$ data for monolayer, bilayer, trilayer, and tetralayer arrays. For stacks 2--4 layers thick we compare in-plane measurements with data for vertical transport perpendicular to the array plane. Our results support a picture whereby transport inside the Coulomb blockade regime occurs by inelastic cotunneling, while sequential tunneling takes over at large bias above the global Coulomb blockade threshold ${V}_{t}(T)$ and at high temperatures. For the smallest measurable voltages, our data was fitted well by recent predictions for the temperature dependence zero-bias conductance due to multiple cotunneling. At finite but small bias, the cotunnel distance is predicted to set the curvature of the nonlinear $I\text{\ensuremath{-}}V$ characteristics, in good agreement with our data. The absence of significant magnetic-field dependence up to 10 T in the measured $I\text{\ensuremath{-}}V$ characteristics further supports the picture of inelastic cotunneling events where individual electrons hop no further than the nearest neighbor. At large bias, above the global Coulomb blockade threshold, the $I\text{\ensuremath{-}}V$ characteristics follow power-law behavior with temperature-independent exponent close to two, predicted for sequential tunneling along branching paths that optimize the overall charging energy cost.
Tire Deformation During Dynamic Hydroplaning (1975)

Abstract Past analyses indicate that tire carcass deformation is necessary for the dynamic hydroplaning of pneumatic tires. This study presents analytical and experimental confirmation of this theory. The ways in which the results can be used to assist in studying the effects of the tire carcass and tread pattern on wet traction are discussed.
APOBEC3 Cytidine Deaminases: Distinct Antiviral Actions along the Retroviral Life Cycle (2005)

The field of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) biology has been galvanized by the discovery of innate APOBEC3 cytidine deaminases, which pose powerful barriers to the replication of HIV and other retroviruses. Rapid progress has been made in defining their action, intriguing regulation within cells, expanded range of retroviral targets, and counterstrikes utilized by retroviruses against them. Although scientifically fascinating, advances in APOBEC3 biology may lead to new antiviral drugs and improved lentiviral vectors for gene therapy.
Carcinogenesis in the Pancreas. I. Long-Term Explant Culture of Human and Bovine Pancreatic Ducts 2 3 (1977)

Bovine and human pancreatic ductal explants were maintained in long-term culture. Bovine ducts were cultured for 85 days, whereas human ducts have been cultured for up to 60 days. The explants all maintained good ultrastructural preservation for these periods and also incorporated radioactive precursors into protein, RNA, and DNA. Uncultured ducts, which were fixed for electron micrsoscopic study, demonstrated classical signs of reversible cell injury (dilated endoplasmic reticulum and swollen mitochondria), and cultured explants did not. However, the cultured tissues did show sublethal alterations such as the formation of numerous autophagic vacuoles and residual bodies and the accumulation of large lipid droplets. This study demonstrated the feasibility of maintaining pancreatic ducts in long-term explant culture, which enables them to be used in experimental studies involving chemical carcinogens and in structural and functional studies.
Development and intra-institutional and inter-institutional validation of a comprehensive new hepatobiliary software: part 1 – liver and gallbladder function (2009)

New United States Food and Drug Administration-approved personal computer-based Krishnamurthy Hepato-Biliary Software for quantification of the liver and gallbladder function shows promise for consistently repeatable and reproducible results both within and between institutions, and may help to promote universal standardization of data acquisition and analysis in nuclear hepatology.
Time-reversal acoustics and ultrasound-assisted convection-enhanced drug delivery to the brain (2013)

Time-reversal acoustics is an effective way of focusing ultrasound deep inside heterogeneous media such as biological tissues. Convection-enhanced delivery is a method of delivering drugs into the brain by infusing them directly into the brain interstitium. These two technologies are combined in a focusing system that uses a "smart needle" to simultaneously infuse fluid into the brain and provide the necessary feedback for focusing ultrasound using time-reversal acoustics. The effects of time-reversal acoustics-focused ultrasound on the spatial distribution of infused low- and high-molecular weight tracer molecules are examined in live, anesthetized rats. Results show that exposing the rat brain to focused ultrasound significantly increases the penetration of infused compounds into the brain. The addition of stabilized microbubbles enhances the effect of ultrasound exposure.
Changing mortality patterns in Nauruans: an example of epidemiological transition. (1988)

An analysis of mortality data for the years 1982-5 was carried out for the Micronesian population (aged 15 years and over) of the central Pacific Island, Nauru. Among males, the most common causes of death were circulatory system disorders (33.3%), accidents (25.2%), and diabetes mellitus (12.1%). The majority of accidents occurred in the 15-34 year age group and involved motor vehicles. Among females, neoplasms (almost all lung and cervix) (22.4%), circulatory system disorders (20.7%), and diabetes mellitus (17.2%) were the most common causes of death. When accidents are excluded, 59.4% of deaths were in persons with diabetes. Compared with Australia, mortality rates in almost all age groups were at least five times higher for males and females for a comparable period. Nauruan life expectancy (39.5 years for men and 48.5 years for women) is one of the lowest in the world. These data confirm the high mortality associated with diabetes mellitus in Nauruans as evidenced in earlier studies. Modernization of this society through the affluence acquired by the mining of phosphate has led to serious public health problems relating to non-communicable diseases so that the mortality trends now mirror those of developed societies.
Force‐ and Time‐Dependent Feature Size and Shape Control in Molecular Printing via Polymer‐Pen Lithography (2009)

Polymer-pen lithography is a scanning-probe contact-printing method that can control feature diameter from many micrometers to sub-100nm in a single writing operation as a result of force- and time-dependent ink transport. A quantitative model that relates the force between the elastomeric tips and the substrate to the feature edge length has been derived and experimentally confirmed (see image).
A probiotic combination attenuates experimental colitis through inhibition of innate cytokine production (2016)

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a severe immune cell-mediated syndrome characterised by extensive inflammatory and effector mucosal responses leading to tissue destruction in the colon and small intestine. The leading hypothesis is that dysbiosis of the gut flora causes an excessive immune response and inflammation in the gastrointestinal track. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) can correct dysbiosis of the normal microbiota. In the current study, the therapeutic potential of seven LAB strains in combination to treat IBD was evaluated using experimental colitis model. This LAB cocktail, designated GI7, includes four strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactococcus lactis, two strains of Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium breve, and one strain of Streptococcus thermophilus. We confirmed that GI7 suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokines in Raw264.7 macrophages. When dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitic mice were treated with GI7, their symptoms of colitis, as assessed by body weight, colon length, myeloperoxidase activity, intestinal bleeding, and histological damage, were reduced compared to untreated mice. In addition, GI7 treatment significantly inhibited the production of innate pro-inflammatory cytokines during colitic progression. Therefore, we suggest that GI7, a combination of seven LAB, has a potential role in the treatment of IBD.
Severe Hypercholesterolemia, Hypertriglyceridemia, and Atherosclerosis in Mice Lacking Both Leptin and the Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor (2001)

Leptin-deficient mice (ob/ob) are an excellent murine model for obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes, all of which are components of a multiple risk factor syndrome that, along with hypercholesterolemia, precipitates a potential high risk for atherosclerosis. In the current study, we show an unexpectedly severe hyperlipidemia in ob/ob mice on a background of low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) deficiency (-/-). Doubly mutant mice (LDLR-/-;ob/ob) exhibited striking elevations in both total plasma cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels (1715 +/- 87 and 1016 +/- 172 mg/dl, respectively), at age 3-4 months, resulting in extensive atherosclerotic lesions throughout the aorta by 6 months. Lipoprotein analyses revealed the elevated TC and TG levels to be due to a large increase in an apoB-containing broad-beta remnant lipoprotein fraction. While fasting, diet restriction, and low level leptin treatment significantly lowered TG levels, they caused only slight changes in TC levels. Hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride contents as well as mRNA levels of cholesterologenic and lipogenic enzymes suggest that leptin deficiency increased hepatic triglyceride production but did not change cholesterol production in ob/ob mice regardless of their LDLR genotype. These data provide evidence that the hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia in the doubly mutant mice are caused by distinct mechanisms and point to the possibility that leptin might have some impact on plasma cholesterol metabolism, possibly through an LDLR-independent pathway. This model will be an excellent tool for future studies on the relationship between impaired fuel metabolism, increased plasma remnant lipoproteins, diabetes, and atherosclerosis.
Cytokine-induced changes in the gene expression profile of a human cerebral microvascular endothelial cell-line, hCMEC/D3 (2013)

Our study shows that previously-described cytokine-induced changes in the pattern of gene expression of endothelium are reproduced in hCMEC/D3 cells, suggesting that this model is suitable to study inflammation at the BBB, while at the same time it has provided insights into novel key molecular processes that are altered in brain endothelium during neuroinflammation, such as modulation of cell-to-matrix contacts.
Amniotic fluid stem cells versus bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells for bone tissue engineering (2011)

1 3B’s Research Group – Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Univ. of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, 4806-909 Taipas, Guimaraes, Portugal 2 IBB – Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, PT Government Associated Laboratory, Guimaraes, Portugal 3 Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
Neonatal Rhesus Macaques Have Distinct Immune Cell Transcriptional Profiles following HIV Envelope Immunization (2020)

HIV-1-infected infants develop broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) more rapidly than adults, suggesting differences in the neonatal versus adult responses to the HIV-1 envelope (Env). Here, trimeric forms of HIV-1 Env immunogens elicit increased gp120- and gp41-specific antibodies more rapidly in neonatal macaques than adult macaques. Transcriptome analyses of neonatal versus adult immune cells after Env vaccination reveal that neonatal macaques have higher levels of the apoptosis regulator BCL2 in T cells and lower levels of the immunosuppressive interleukin-10 (IL-10) receptor alpha (IL10RA) mRNA transcripts in T cells, B cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and monocytes. In addition, immunized neonatal macaques exhibit increased frequencies of activated blood T follicular helper-like (Tfh) cells compared to adults. Thus, neonatal macaques have transcriptome signatures of decreased immunosuppression and apoptosis compared with adult macaques, providing an immune landscape conducive to early-life immunization prior to sexual debut.
Adaptive strip compression for panorama video streaming (2004)

In a traditional streaming system, the field of view (FOV) of an image is limited based on the FOV of the camera. One solution is the use of a pan/tilt camera, yet this is difficult for multiple clients to handle, plus there is a delay between the client and the server due to camera motion. Therefore, to solve these problems, a new streaming system is proposed that uses panorama image. However, the server does not compress the whole panorama image, which would involve sending huge amounts of data through the Internet. Instead, only parts of the panorama image are compressed and transmitted based on the navigation requests of the client, thereby reducing the compression burden on the server.
Enzymatic Modification of tRNAs (2002)

The product of the miaB gene, MiaB, from Escherichia coli participates in the methylthiolation of the adenosine 37 residue during modification of tRNAs that read codons beginning with uridine. A His-tagged version of MiaB has been overproduced and purified to homogeneity. Gel electrophoresis and size exclusion chromatography revealed that MiaB protein is a monomer. As isolated MiaB contains both iron and sulfide and an apoprotein form can chelate as much as 2.5-3 iron and 3-3.5 sulfur atoms per polypeptide chain. UV-visible and EPR spectroscopy of MiaB indicate the presence of a [4Fe-4S] cluster under reducing and anaerobic conditions, whereas [2Fe-2S] and [3Fe-4S] forms are generated under aerobic conditions. Preliminary site-directed mutagenesis studies suggest that Cys(157), Cys(161), and Cys(164) are involved in iron chelation and that the cluster is essential for activity. Together with the previously shown requirement of S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) for the methylthiolation reaction, the finding that MiaB is an iron-sulfur protein suggests that it belongs to a superfamily of enzymes that uses [Fe-S] centers and AdoMet to initiate radical catalysis. MiaB is the first and only tRNA modification enzyme known to contain an Fe-S cluster.
Double deletion of melanocortin 4 receptors and SAPAP3 corrects compulsive behavior and obesity in mice (2013)

Compulsive behavior is a debilitating clinical feature of many forms of neuropsychiatric disease, including Tourette syndrome, obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders, eating disorders, and autism. Although several studies link striatal dysfunction to compulsivity, the pathophysiology remains poorly understood. Here, we show that both constitutive and induced genetic deletion of the gene encoding the melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R), as well as pharmacologic inhibition of MC4R signaling, normalize compulsive grooming and striatal electrophysiologic impairments in synapse-associated protein 90/postsynaptic density protein 95-associated protein 3 (SAPAP3)-null mice, a model of human obsessive-compulsive disorder. Unexpectedly, genetic deletion of SAPAP3 restores normal weight and metabolic features of MC4R-null mice, a model of human obesity. Our findings offer insights into the pathophysiology and treatment of both compulsive behavior and eating disorders.
Future fully wavelength-furnished optical network and supporting technologies (1998)

This paper describes the evolution of future network which uses multi-wavelength as several network functions together with implication of technology enhancement, key issues to increase the number of wavelengths, and new 1580 nm band technology to extend transmission bandwidth.
New perspectives on the role of magnesium in the pathophysiology of the cardiovascular system. I. Clinical aspects. (1985)

It has generally been believed that the physiological roles for magnesium ions (Mg2+) in cardiac and vascular smooth muscle are limited to regulation of contractile proteins, sarcoplasmic reticular membrane transport of calcium ions (Ca2+), cofactor in ATPase activities and metabolic regulation of energy-dependent cytoplasmic and mitochondrial pathways. In addition, up until recently, it was not thought that small changes in free external ([Mg2+]0) or cytoplasmic Mg2+ could exert any significant effects on cardiac or vascular smooth muscle contractility. It is clear, however, from the newer studies that [Mg2+]0 can affect tension and contractility of these muscle cells by altering membrane and intracellular organelle binding and transport of Ca2+, affecting hormone-receptor interactions, regulating electrolyte content and transport, affecting resting membrane-generated and action potentials, altering excitation-contraction coupling events, and regulate peripheral and cerebral vascular tone and blood flow. In addition, it is also now clear that small changes of free [Mg2+] at the cardiac and vascular muscle membranes can exert significant effects on mechanical and electrical activities of these cells. Considerable new data lend support to the idea that [Mg2+]0 is fundamental in the regulation of cardiovascular homeostasis. Dietary, metabolic or drug-induced changes in Mg2+ levels appear to play important roles in the etiology of cardiac and vascular disorders. Evidence is reviewed and presented to indicate that Mg2+ is important in the pathophysiology and treatment of certain forms of experimental and genetic types of hypertension. This divalent cation may also be important in the etiology of a variety of disorders which have vasospasm in common. Evidence is reviewed to support the concept that Mg2+ is a naturally occurring or mimic weak Ca2+ antagonist, which should be useful in the treatment of several types of cardiac and vascular disorders.
Does aberrant hepatic arterial anatomy impact the complication rate or survival following resection of pancreatic adenocarcinoma? (2020)

775 Background: Patients with aberrant hepatic arterial anatomy (AHAA) are susceptible to tumor invasion and/or ligation during resection of the pancreatic head. The purpose of this study is to determine if AHAA negatively impacts perioperative outcomes or survival. Methods: All patients who underwent either pancreaticoduodenectomy or total pancreatectomy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) between 2005 and 2014 at our center were retrospectively reviewed. Univariate logistic regression was used to compare outcomes between patients with conventional hepatic arterial anatomy to those with AHAA. Survival analysis was performed by Kaplan-Meier method with log rank test. Results: During the study period, 330 patients underwent resection for PDAC, 69 (20.9%) with aberrant hepatic arterial anatomy. The presence of AHAA does not significantly increase operative time (p= 0.110) or length of stay (p=0.518). The overall frequency of complications (49.3% vs 37.9%, p=0.088) was higher in the AHAA group, but not significantly so. Certain postoperative complications are more common in the AHAA group, namely superficial surgical site infection (18.8% vs. 8.8%, p=0.018) and pancreatic fistula (18.8% vs. 10.0%, p=0.042). However, deep SSI, need for blood transfusion, respiratory failure, DGE, bleed from GDA/pseudoaneurysm, biliary fistula, chyle leak, PV thrombus, fascial dehiscence, and reoperation are not statistically different between the two groups. There is a trend for reduced overall survival in the AHAA group that is not statistically significant (p=0.11). Conclusions: Aberrant hepatic arterial anatomy is encountered in greater than 20% of pancreatic surgery patients, and its presence may increase the rate of certain postoperative complications such as superficial surgical site infection and pancreatic fistula.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Electrophilic Methoxyselenenylations and Cyclizations with 3‐Camphorseleno Derivatives. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Room-temperature sharp line electroluminescence at λ=1.54 μm from an erbium-doped, silicon light-emitting diode (1994)

We report the first room-temperature sharp line electroluminescence of an erbium-doped silicon light-emitting diode at λ=1.54 μm. The electroluminescence originates from an internal f-shell transition of Er3+. The wavelength and linewidth are relatively independent of temperature. The light intensity saturates at a drive current density of 5 A/cm2 due to the long excited state lifetime of Er3+. As the temperature increases from 100 K to room temperature, the light intensity decreases significantly.
Per multicast flow Designated Forwarder Election for EVPN (2019)

[RFC7432] describes mechanism to elect designated forwarder (DF) at
the granularity of (ESI, EVI) which is per VLAN (or per group of VLANs
in case of VLAN bundle or VLAN-aware bundle service). However, the
current level of granularity of per-VLAN is not adequate for some
applications.[I-D.ietf-bess-evpn-df-election-framework] improves base
line DF election by introducing HRW DF election. x introduces
applicability of EVPN to Multicast flows, routes to sync them and a
default DF election. This document is an extension to HRW base draft
[I-D.ietf-bess-evpn-df-election-framework] and further enhances HRW
algorithm for the Multicast flows to do DF election at the granularity
of (ESI, VLAN, Mcast flow).