gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of action video game play on cognitive skills: A meta-analysis. (2023)

The possibility that playing action video games is associated with enhancements in certain aspects of cognitive function has attracted significant interest from researchers in education, psychology, and neuroscience. Previous meta-analyses indicated an overall positive relationship between action video game play and cognitive skills. However, follow-up to this previous work is warranted, not only because the amount of data has grown significantly since previous meta-analyses were conducted, but also because previous work left several issues unresolved (e.g., certain meta-analytic procedures). We conducted a literature search using predefined keywords and inclusion criteria to identify studies that examined the relationship between action video game play and cognitive skills. Data from (a) 105 cross-sectional studies (221 effect sizes) and (b) 28 intervention studies with an active control group (91 effect sizes) were analyzed separately via meta-analytic models for dependent effect sizes with robust variance estimates for correlated and hierarchical effects (CHE) and small-sample corrections. Consistent with our hypotheses, action video game players outperformed nonvideo game players in the cross-sectional meta-analysis (large effect, g = 0.64, 95% CI [0.53, 0.74]). Action video game play was causally related to improvements in cognitive skills in the intervention meta-analysis (small effect, g = 0.30, 95% CI [0.11, 0.50]). Publication bias was detected in the cross-sectional data set, with sensitivity analysis showing high heterogeneous estimates of the average unbiased effect. Publication bias was not detected in the intervention data set, but sensitivity analyses also point to heterogeneity. No significant moderators were found for either data set; however, this may be limited by small sample sizes.
Tetrabutylammonium Iodide (2008)

[311-28-4] C16H36IN (MW 369.43) InChI = 1S/C16H36N.HI/c1-5-9-13-17(14-10-6-2,15-11-7-3)16-12-8-4;/h5-16H2,1-4H3;1H/q+1;/p-1 InChIKey = DPKBAXPHAYBPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-M (phase-transfer catalyst;1 ether cleavage;1 alkyl iodide formation;1 salt effects1) Physical Data: mp 148 °C. Solubility: sol EtOH, H2O. Form Supplied in: anhydrous white solid. Analysis of Reagent Purity: tetraalkylammonium salts can be titrated with potassium 3,5-di-t-butyl-2-hydroxybenzenesulfonate and iron(III) chloride.1a Purification: crystallize from toluene–petroleum ether, CH2Cl2–petroleum ether (or hexane), acetone, ethyl acetate, EtOH–ethyl ether, aq EtOH, or H2O. The solid is then dried at 90 °C under high vacuum for 2 d.2 Handling, Storage, and Precautions: highly hygroscopic solid.
Detection of Connective Tissue Growth Factor in Subretinal Fluid following Retinal Detachment: Possible Contribution to Subretinal Scar Formation, Preliminary Results (2005)

CTGF appears to be a constant component of the fluid accumulating in the subretinal space after retinal detachment. The origin of subretinal CTGF and its physiological importance is still unclear. The known effects of CTGF, however, suggest that it may be involved in both the physiological processes of wound healing in the subretinal space and also in the pathological events such as subretinal fibrosis. The observed increase in CTGF concentration with time suggest that CTGF plays a role in the pathophysiology of subretinal scarring in cases of delayed retinal surgery.
Thermal stability of Na3-xV2(PO4)2F3-yOy: influence of F- for O2- substitution and degradation mechanisms (2023)

The Na-ion battery technology appears as a reliable, sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative to the Li-ion one, especially for stationary energy storage. As for the Li-ion technology, safety aspect is of high importance to ensure large-scale development. In this work, we studied the thermal stability and decomposition mechanisms of carbon-coated Na3V2(PO4)2F3 and two fluorine-rich phases belonging to the solid-solution Na3V3+2-yV4+y(PO4)2F3-yOy (y = 0.07 and y = 0.12), that family of compounds being often considered among the most promising positive electrode materials for Na-ion batteries. This study shows the good thermal stability of these polyanionic materials and reveals that a low O2- for F- substitution has a very limited effect on the thermal stability of fully re-intercalated materials recovered in the discharged state of the battery, whereas it has a beneficial impact for highly de-intercalated ones, obtained by in-depth charges. Furthermore, whatever the state of charge and the oxygen content in NaxV2(PO4)2F3-yOy (1<=x<=3 and y = 0, 0.07 and 0.12), the thermal degradation leads, quite unexpectedly, to the formation of crystalline Na3V3+2(PO4)2F3 in addition to an amorphous phase. The fluorination of the partially oxygen for fluorine substituted material was clearly demonstrated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and solid state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) on materials recovered after differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses. The formation of a fully sodiated crystalline phase from the thermal degradation of the material obtained in charged states of the battery, with or without presence of electrolyte, was never reported before.
Effect of iron catalyst thickness on vertically aligned carbon nanotube forest straightness for CNT-MEMS (2012)

This paper examines the effect of iron catalyst thickness on the straightness of growth of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for microelectromechanical systems fabricated using the CNT-templated-microfabrication (CNT-M) process. SEM images of samples grown using various iron catalyst thicknesses show that both straight sidewalls and good edge definition are achieved using an iron thickness between 7 and 8 nm. Below this thickness, individual CNTs are well aligned, but the sidewalls of CNT forests formed into posts and long walls are not always straight. Above this thickness, the CNT forest sidewalls are relatively straight, but edge definition is poor, with significantly increased sidewall roughness. The proximity of a device or feature to other regions of iron catalyst also affects CNT growth. By using an iron catalyst thickness appropriate for straight growth, and by adding borders of iron around features or devices, a designer can greatly improve straightness of growth for CNT-MEMS.
Novel device structures based on colloidal photonic crystals (2002)

We describe two different ideas for novel architectures based on photonic crystals of sub-micron colloids. The first involves the formation of photonic superlattices from colloidal photonic crystals. The superlattice periodicity induces the formation of minibands due to folding of the photonic band structure. This represents the first instance in which mid-gap states have been incorporated into a colloidal photonic crystal via a specifically engineered structural modification. The second idea involves applying the superprism concept to three-dimensionally periodic structures. Near a photonic band edge, the diffraction angle is extremely sensitive to the wavelength and propagation direction of the incident light. We analyze this effect in the context of macroporous polymer thin films formed from colloidal crystal templates.
Photonic Crystal Devices with Multiple Dyes by Consecutive Local Infiltration of Single Pores (2010)

Photonic crystals (PhCs) promise to be useful in many optical elements. While the linear optical properties of PhCs have received considerable attention, their tuneable and nonlinear optical response is not nearly as well understood. We present a method that allows the functionalization of individual pores of silicon photonic crystals with tuneable optical organic materials such as polymers, liquid crystals or low-molecular weight dyes.
Generation of broadband speech from narrowband speech using piecewise linear mapping (1997)

This paper proposes a recovery method of broadband speech form narrowband speech based on piecewise linear mapping. In this method, narrowband spectrum envelope of input speech is transformed to broadband spectrum envelope using linearly transformed matrices which are associated with several spectrum spaces. These matrices were estimated by speech training data, so as to minimize the mean square error between the transformed and the original spectra. This algorithm is compared the following other methods, (1)the codebook mapping, (2)the neural network. Through the evaluation by the spectral distance measure, it was found that the proposed method achieved a lower spectral distortion than the other methods. Perceptual experiments indicates a good performance for the reconstructed broadband speech.
Comparing the protective effects of resveratrol, curcumin and sulforaphane against LPS/IFN-γ-mediated inflammation in doxorubicin-treated macrophages (2021)

Doxorubicin (DOX) chemotherapy is associated with the release of inflammatory cytokines from macrophages. This has been suggested to be, in part, due to DOX-mediated leakage of endotoxins from gut microflora, which activate Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling in macrophages, causing severe inflammation. However, the direct function of DOX on macrophages is still unknown. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that DOX alone is incapable of stimulating inflammatory response in macrophages. Then, we compared the anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin (CUR), resveratrol (RES) and sulforaphane (SFN) against lipopolysaccharide/interferon-gamma (LPS/IFN-γ)-mediated inflammation in the absence or presence of DOX. For this purpose, RAW 264.7 cells were stimulated with LPS/IFN-γ (10 ng/mL/10 U/mL) in the absence or presence of DOX (0.1 µM). Our results showed that DOX alone is incapable of stimulating an inflammatory response in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Furthermore, after 24 h of incubation with LPS/IFN-γ, a significant increase in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA levels was observed. Similarly, nitric oxide (NO) production and TNF-α and IL-6 protein levels were significantly upregulated. Moreover, in LPS/IFN-γ-treated macrophages, the microRNAs (miRNAs) miR-146a, miR-155, and miR-21 were significantly overexpressed. Interestingly, upon testing CUR, RES, and SFN against LPS/IFN-γ-mediated inflammation, only SFN was able to significantly reverse the LPS/IFN-γ-mediated induction of iNOS, TNF-α and IL-6 and attenuate miR-146a and miR-155 levels. In conclusion, SFN, at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels, exhibits potent immunomodulatory action against LPS/IFN-γ-stimulated macrophages, which may indicate SFN as a potential treatment for DOX-associated inflammation.
Ad-hoc Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Methodologies for the Detection of Artist Dyestuffs: Thin Layer Chromatography-Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy and in Situ On the Fiber Analysis (2009)

Tailored ad-hoc methods must be developed for successful identification of minute amounts of natural dyes on works of art using Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS). This article details two of these successful approaches using silver film over nanosphere (AgFON) substrates and silica gel coupled with citrate-reduced Ag colloids. The latter substrate functions as the test system for the coupling of thin-layer chromatography and SERS (TLC-SERS), which has been used in the current research to separate and characterize a mixture of several artists' dyes. The poor limit of detection of TLC is overcome by coupling with SERS, and dyes which co-elute to nearly the same spot can be distinguished from each other. In addition, in situ extractionless non-hydrolysis SERS was used to analyze dyed reference fibers, as well as historical textile fibers. Colorants such as alizarin, purpurin, carminic acid, lac dye, crocin, and Cape jasmine were thus successfully identified.
Investigation of multi-antenna mobile terminals in terms of hearing aids compatibility (2011)

In this paper, we present an investigation of the near fields (NF) of different configurations of two antennas mobile phones with a candy bar phone factor. The study has been carried out via Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) simulations. Interesting paradigms not valid for the single antennas have been identified. In order to obtain a hearing aids compatible (HAC) mobile phone having two antennas, special attention has to be focused on the NF at the high band as opposed to the single antenna case where the HAC is defined by the NF at the low band.
Molecular Biology of Cyanelles (2006)

In a number of systematically unrelated eucaryotes, plastid-like organelles, termed cyanelles, are found which resemble present day cyanobacteria in morphology, biochemical organization of their photosynthetic apparatus, and in the presence of apeptidoglycan wall. The existence of cyanelles in species of different systematic position indicates repeated invasions ofheterotrophically living cells by cyanobacteria-like organisms in the evolutionary past. Only one of these cyanelle-bearing algae has been studied to some extent. Investigations into the genome and gene structure of the cyanelle of the unicellular eucaryotic alga Cyanophora paradoxa are reviewed. The cyanelle genome of approximately 130,000 bp includes more genes than the chromosomes of typical higher plant chloroplasts, mainly because only very few introns are found in cyanelle genes. Genes are tightly packed in operons that are similar in structure to bacterial operons. Up until now, with perhaps 85% of the cyanelle genome sequenced, genes that are typically found in chloroplasts are found in cyanelles as well. A remarkable exception is the apparent absence of ndh gene homologs. Other cyanelle genes, absent from chloroplasts, encode proteins functioning in isoprenoid biosynthesis, chlorophyll biosynthesis, other metabolic processes, and protein transport and protein folding. Generally, more of the genes encoding components of multi-protein complexes (ribosomes, photosystems, ATP synthase, etc.) are retained by cyanelles. In their gene complement cyanelles resemble chromophytic and rhodophytic algal plastids, while in their gene organization parallels exist to cyanobacteria as well as to higher plant plastids.
Discrete-Time and Digital Systems (2017)

Since a sufficiently approximate solution of many differential equations can be had simply by solving an associated difference equation, it is to be expected that one of the chief fields of usefulness for an electronic computor would be found in the solution of differential equations.—“The use of high-speed vacuum tube devices for calculating,” John Mauchly (1942)
Al-2.60 Immersion Fluid (2021)

As increasingly smaller molecular materials and material structures are devised or developed for technological applications, the demands on the processes of lithography now routinely include feature sizes that are of the order of 10 nm. In reaching such a fine level of resolution, the methods of lithography have increased markedly in sophistication and brought into play 2terminology that is unfamiliar, on the one hand, to scientists tasked with the development of new lithographic materials or, on the other, to the engineers who design and operate the complex equipment that is required in modern-day processing. Publications produced by scientists need to be understood by engineers and vice versa, and these commonly arise from collaborative research that draws heavily on the terminology of two or more of the traditional disciplines. It is developments in polymer science and material science that lead progress in areas that cross traditional boundaries, such as microlithography. This document provides the exact definitions of a selection of unfamiliar terms that researchers and practitioners from different disciplines might encounter.
Discrimination of UXO buried under magnetic soil (2005)

Electromagnetic induction (EMI) has become a promising technique for UXO detection and discrimination. In most studies the effect of the ground itself is assumed small and neglected. This assumption holds up relative to ground conductivity and corresponding induced electric currents. However experience shows that magnetic effects may sometimes be significant. Here we consider the case when the ground itself is mildly permeable, a common condition. Magnetic (i.e. permeable) soil could conceivably affect the EMI response of buried metallic targets in three ways: (1) the half space of soil itself produces a scattered field, dependent on the position of the sensor, which becomes part of the background; (2) The incident field that reaches the target and the response that reaches the sensor are altered by the air-ground interface; and (3) the frequency response of the target may be altered by changes in the ratio of its magnetic permeability to that of the ground in which it is buried. Regarding the first factor, analysis shows that the response of a half space to an above-ground dipole source should be flat across the EMI spectrum. By describing our actual sensor in terms of a collection of infinitesimal dipoles, we are thus able to calculate the response due to the ground alone as a function of antenna elevation and tilt. This can then be subtracted from the data as background. Examination of realistic ground parameters at UXO sites and reference to basic magneto-quasistatic solutions allows to discount the effects of the second and third factors. We then construct a forward model which takes the soil effect into account via the first factor, and apply the model in a pattern matching approach for UXO discrimination. Example results show that the effect of soil is important in some cases, and neglecting soil effect may cause quite significant difficulty or error in UXO discrimination.
NetBOA (2019)

Communication networks have not only become a critical infrastructure of our digital society, but are also increasingly complex and hence error-prone. This has recently motivated the study of more automated and "self-driving" networks: networks which measure, analyze, and control themselves in an adaptive manner, reacting to changes in the environment. In particular, such networks hence require a mechanism to recognize potential performance issues.
Direct transesterification of gases by “dry” immobilized lipase (2002)

Several different reactor configurations, including single pass, continuous recycle, and batch reactor modes, were used to investigate the effects of temperature and water activity, or relative humidity, on lipase-catalyzed, gas-phase transesterifications. Temperature and relative humidity were controlled both inside reactors and throughout the course of the reaction to account for and optimize their effects. Results indicated that, at low relative humidity, reaction rates increased with temperature up to 60 degrees C. However, when relative humidity was increased, a similar increase in temperature resulted in the loss of nearly all enzyme activity. These results are consistent with the idea that enzymes without free water are more thermally stable. Furthermore, at constant ambient temperatures, production increased dramatically with an increase in relative humidity, confirming the idea that an increase in water activity increases catalytic activity. A mass balance performed on reactors at higher relative humidity revealed that hydrolysis (rather than transesterification) of the ester substrate could significantly decrease product yields.
Système d'évitement d'obstacles biomimétique basé sur le flux optique. Application à un drone à voilure fixe en environnement urbain simulé. (2003)

National audience
Spatially-Varying Electrothermal Impedance Analysis for Designing Power Semiconductor Converter Systems (2019)

This paper presents an analytical methodology for designing next generation power semiconductor products to passively minimize chronic thermal-mechanical interface rate-of-degradation and actively sense a current degradation state-of-health. The paper addresses the pervasive issue that power semiconductor device electrical actuation inflicts structural damage on its assembly, and that wide-bandgap device utilization is currently limited by mechanical integration methods. This paper develops metrics fundamentally based on spatially-and temporally-variant heat transfer dynamics for identifying relationships between power electronic converter operation and local degradation modes. Spatially-varying electrothermal impedance (SETI)is defined and further processed to synthesize a dynamic thermal strain gradient rate-of-degradation metric. Then, the multi-variable frequency response function (FRF)surfaces are normalized to enable rapid identification of a transient thermal response continuum's sensitivity to different modes of degradation. The methodology is applied to a 3D transient thermal model of a switching MOSFET power electronic converter. Subsequent interpretations identify relationships that allow natural synthesis of reliability-oriented hardware design constraints to add a sensing feature and reduce over-design margin in future power semiconductor products.
Microfabrication-based modulation of embryonic stem cell differentiation (2007)

Embryonic stem (ES) cells form spontaneous aggregates during differentiation, and cell-cell communication in the aggregates plays an important role in differentiation. The development of a controlled differentiation scheme for ES cells has been hindered by the lack of a reliable method to produce uniform aggregate sizes. Conventional techniques, such as hanging drop and suspension cultures, do not allow precise control over size of ES cell aggregates. To surmount this problem, we microfabricated adhesive stencils to make mouse ES (mES) cell aggregates of specific sizes ranging from 100 microm to 500 microm in diameter. With this technique, we studied the effect of the initial aggregate size on ES cell differentiation. After 20 days of induction of differentiation, we analyzed the stem cell populations using gene and protein expression assays as well as biochemical functions. Notably, we found that germ layer differentiation depends on the initial size of the ES cell aggregate. Among the ES cell aggregate sizes tested, the aggregates with 300 microm diameter showed similar differentiation profiles of three germ layers as embryoid bodies made using the "hanging drop" technique. The smaller (100 microm) aggregates showed the increased expression of ectodermal markers compared to the larger (500 microm) aggregates, while the 500 microm aggregates showed the increased expression of mesodermal and endodermal markers compared to the 100 microm aggregates. These results indicate that the initial size of the aggregate is an important factor for ES cell differentiation, and can affect germ layer selection as well as the extent of differentiation.
Requirements for Triggering of Adipocyte Differentiation by Glucocorticoids and Indomethacin* (1987)

The stable adipogenic cell line TA1, spontaneously differentiates into mature adipocytes after several days at confluence. Glucocorticoids (e.g. dexamethasone) accelerate the onset of differentiation by precociously activating the transcription of genes that are expressed in the mature adipocyte but not in the preadipocyte. Thus the hormone may induce a critical regulatory factor required for activating the entire set of differentiation-dependent genes. We have found that the nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug indomethacin also stimulates differentiation of TA1 cells but even more rapidly and completely than does dexamethasone. Contrary to previous suggestions we find that this activity of indomethacin's cannot be ascribed to inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase, the critical enzyme in prostaglandin biosynthesis. Finally, indomethacin's ability to stimulate TA1 cell differentiation synchronously and rapidly has allowed us to document that cell confluence is required for efficient differentiation and that the drug needs only to trigger rather than maintain the differentiation process.