gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hypervector Design for Efficient Hyperdimensional Computing on Edge\n Devices (2021)

Hyperdimensional computing (HDC) has emerged as a new light-weight learning\nalgorithm with smaller computation and energy requirements compared to\nconventional techniques. In HDC, data points are represented by\nhigh-dimensional vectors (hypervectors), which are mapped to high-dimensional\nspace (hyperspace). Typically, a large hypervector dimension ($\\geq1000$) is\nrequired to achieve accuracies comparable to conventional alternatives.\nHowever, unnecessarily large hypervectors increase hardware and energy costs,\nwhich can undermine their benefits. This paper presents a technique to minimize\nthe hypervector dimension while maintaining the accuracy and improving the\nrobustness of the classifier. To this end, we formulate the hypervector design\nas a multi-objective optimization problem for the first time in the literature.\nThe proposed approach decreases the hypervector dimension by more than\n$32\\times$ while maintaining or increasing the accuracy achieved by\nconventional HDC. Experiments on a commercial hardware platform show that the\nproposed approach achieves more than one order of magnitude reduction in model\nsize, inference time, and energy consumption. We also demonstrate the trade-off\nbetween accuracy and robustness to noise and provide Pareto front solutions as\na design parameter in our hypervector design.\n
Generation of Human iNKT Cell Lines (2013)

Natural killer T (NKT) cells comprise an important immunoregulatory T cell subset and express cell surface proteins characteristic of both natural killer cells and T cells. Invariant NKT (iNKT) cells are activated by lipid antigen presented in the context of CD1d molecules, in contrast to classic T cell subsets, which recognize peptide antigens presented by MHC molecules. Following activation, iNKT cells rapidly secrete large amounts of cytokines and can lyse tumor cells and virally infected cells; however, iNKT cells are reduced in patients with autoimmune disease and cancer. The potential to characterize and investigate the prospective use of iNKT cells for therapeutic purposes has significantly increased with the ability to stimulate and expand human iNKT cells. In this protocol, we describe a method to generate and propagate primary human iNKT cells. Specifically, primary iNKT cells were isolated from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and then expanded periodically with irradiated α-GalCer loaded autologous immature dendritic cells (DC) in the presence of human IL-2.
Endogenous expression levels of autoantigens influence success or failure of DNA immunizations to prevent type 1 diabetes: addition of IL-4 increases safety (2002)

Administration of autoantigens through DNA immunizations or via the oral route can prevent progression of islet destruction and lower the incidence of type 1 diabetes in animal models. This beneficial effect is mediated by autoreactive regulatory CD4 lymphocytes, and it is known that their induction depends on the precise dose and route of antigen administration. However, it is not clear which endogenous factors determine when such immunizations lead to activation of regulatory versus aggressive autoreactive lymphocytes and how a deleterious outcome can be avoided. Here we describe novel observations made in an animal model for virally induced type 1 diabetes, showing that the endogenous expression levels of the islet antigens and glutamic acid decarboxylase determine whether immunization with these antigens is beneficial or detrimental. Lower expression levels in beta-cells support immune regulation resulting in induction of autoreactive, regulatory cells characterized by increased IL-4 production (Th2-like), whereas higher levels favor Th1-like autoaggressive responses characterized by augmented IFN-gamma generation. Co-immunization with an IL-4-expressing plasmid reduces the risk of augmenting autoaggression and in this way increases the safety margin of this immune-based therapy. Our findings will be of importance for designing safe antigen-specific interventions for human type 1 diabetes.
Numerical Analysis of the Exhaust Gas Flow and Heat Transfer in a Close-Coupled Catalytic Converter System During Warm-Up (2001)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A new multidimensional calculation method has been developed to simulate the warm-up characteristics of close-coupled catalytic converter systems. First, a one-dimensional gas exchange simulation and a three-dimensional exhaust gas flow calculation are combined to simulate the pulsation gas flow caused by the gas exchange process. The gas flow calculation and a heat transfer calculation are then combined to simulate heat transfer in the exhaust manifold and the catalyst honeycomb under pulsation flow. The predicted warm-up characteristics of the systems examined agreed well with the experimental data. In this simulation, CPU time was reduced greatly through the use of new calculation methods. Finally, the warm-up process of close-coupled catalysts is analyzed in detail with this simulation method. The design requirements for improving warm-up characteristics have been made clear. This simulation procedure is an effective design tool for developing close-coupled catalytic converter systems which have quick warm-up characteristics.&lt;/div&gt;
Frequency Domain Equalization with Minimum Complexity in Coherent Optical Transmission Systems (2010)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text J. Leibrich and W. Rosenkranz, "Frequency Domain Equalization with Minimum Complexity in Coherent Optical Transmission Systems," in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, OSA Technical Digest (CD) (Optica Publishing Group, 2010), paper OWV1. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Interaction of Device-Independent User Interfaces with Web Services (2002)

The Web has evolved from a set of mere static pages to a means for offering applications through dynamic Web sites. Web services extend this paradigm by providing application logic via standardized Internet technology. A Web service consists essentially of an interface for accessing black-box functionality over the Internet. A Web service can be used by end users as well as by other applications or Web services. If an adequate set of Web services will be available, it should be possible to create Web-based applications by composing the appropriate Web services, no matter where they are located or how they are protected. Another trend has to be considered to cope with the requirements of Web applications in the future: a variety of devices with different display and processing resources will offer access to the Web, ranging from cell phones to various handheld devices. Thus, we see an urgent need to support these different devices no matter which Web services underlie a particular application. The paper presents the Multiple-User-Interfaces-Single Application logic (MUSA) architecture and system as an attempt to address this issue.
Oxygen uptake methods as a tool to determine the mechanism of action of hindered amine light stabilizers1 (1994)

Abstract The UV‐degradation of an unstabilized and two HALS stabilized polyethylene (PE) films is described. The degradations are characterized by measuring the oxygen uptake, the formation of CO and CO 2 , the FT‐IR spectra, the mechanical properties, the stabilizer concentration and the oxygen content of the film. The oxygen uptake of the unstabilized PE film led to the expected changes in the IR spectra and embrittlement of the film, while the oxygen uptake by the HALS stabilized films caused only minor changes. The differences between the results for the unstabilized and the HALS stabilized polymers are explained assuming that the initiation of the photodegradation of PE is due to charge transfer complexes.
X-Ray crystal structure and Diels–Alder reactivity of the 3,4-dimethyl-2H-phosphole dimer (1982)

The [4 + 2] P–P bonded dimer of 3,4-dimethyl-2H-phosphole has the ecdo geometry with long, weak P–P and C–C bridges between the two phosphole units; it can therefore act as generator of monomeric 3,4-dimethyl-2H-phosphole at ca. 100 °C and gives the expected [4 + 2] and [2 + 4] cycloadducts with diphenylacetylene and 2,3-dimethylbutadiene.
Trial Watch (2013)

Adoptive cell transfer (ACT) represents a prominent form of immunotherapy against malignant diseases. ACT is conceptually distinct from dendritic cell-based approaches (which de facto constitute cellular vaccines) and allogeneic transplantation (which can be employed for the therapy of hematopoietic tumors) as it involves the isolation of autologous lymphocytes exhibiting antitumor activity, their expansion/activation ex vivo and their reintroduction into the patient. Re-infusion is most often performed in the context of lymphodepleting regimens (to minimize immunosuppression by host cells) and combined with immunostimulatory interventions, such as the administration of Toll-like receptor agonists. Autologous cells that are suitable for ACT protocols can be isolated from tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes or generated by engineering their circulating counterparts for the expression of transgenic tumor-specific T-cell receptors. Importantly, lymphocytes can be genetically modified prior to re-infusion for increasing their persistence in vivo, boosting antitumor responses and minimizing side effects. Moreover, recent data indicate that exhausted antitumor T lymphocytes may be rejuvenated in vitro by exposing them to specific cytokine cocktails, a strategy that might considerably improve the clinical success of ACT. Following up the Trial Watch that we published on this topic in the third issue of <i>OncoImmunology</i> (May 2012), here we summarize the latest developments in ACT-related research, covering both high-impact studies that have been published during the last 13 months and clinical trials that have been initiated in the same period to assess the antineoplastic profile of this form of cellular immunotherapy.
Synthesis of a GPR40 Receptor Agonist (2010)

The G-protein coupled receptor GPR40 modulates insulin secretion. Two asymmetric syntheses of the GPR40 agonist shown above are based on asymmetric conjugate alkynylation reactions. The shortest route entails the addition of a 1-propynylzinc reagent to the acceptor C in the presence of cinchonidine (1.5 equiv, $34/mol) as a chiral mediator to give adduct D in 82% yield (er > 99:1). The longer second route involves a diastereoselective addition of 1-propynylmagnesium chloride to the oxazapanedione acceptor E.
Supplementary Figure S5 from Rho Kinase Inhibitors Block Melanoma Cell Migration and Inhibit Metastasis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S5. Images show H&amp;E and S100 stainings of lungs invaded with either vehicle- or drug-treated cells 24 days after the injection into the tail vein of athymic mice.&lt;/p&gt;
Spontaneous lifetime control of quantum dot emitters in apertured microcavities (1999)

Data are presented on modified spontaneous emission rates in quantum dot microcavity arrays. Three-dimensional optical confinement is achieved using apertured microcavities with square aperture sizes varied from 5 to 1 μm on a side. A maximum measured increase in the on-resonance spontaneous emission rate over that off resonance is ∼50%, and we identify this enhancement with apertured modes of the microcavity. Oscillations in the spontaneous emission rate versus wavelength correspond to spectral resonances in the higher order aperture modes.
Operating conditions and stability of spin torque majority gates: Analytical understanding and numerical evidence (2017)

The functionality of a cross-shaped Spin Torque Majority Gate (STMG) is primarily limited by the pinning of a domain wall (DW) at the center of the device. Here, an analytical model is built to calculate the conditions for such a pinning and to deduce the operating range. The assumptions of the model and the conclusions are validated by micromagnetic simulations. The total magnetic energy of the DW state is derived. By minimizing this energy with respect to two degrees of freedom, the DW stability condition is obtained. We find that the lateral length of the STMG is the critical dimension: it must be smaller than about five times the DW width. This result is confirmed by micromagnetic simulations with a high accuracy. In process, we solved a more fundamental problem: the macrospin limit of a finite ferromagnet containing one pinning site. We found the correction of the usual DW width expression due to finite length of wires.
FTIR study of CO adsorption on Rh/MgO modified with Co, Ni, Fe, or CeO2 for the catalytic partial oxidation of methane (2012)

The surface state of Rh/MgO catalysts modified with Co, Ni, Fe, or CeO(2) after the reduction and partial oxidation pretreatments as well as during the catalytic partial oxidation of methane has been investigated by FTIR of adsorbed CO. The results of CO adsorption on the reduced catalysts suggest the formation of Rh-M alloy on Rh-M/MgO (M = Co, Ni, Fe) and Rh particles partially covered with reduced ceria on Rh-CeO(2)/MgO. The strength of CO adsorption on Rh/MgO is weakened by the modification with Co, Ni, Fe, or CeO(2). Partial oxidation pretreatment of Rh/MgO leads to a significant decrease in the CO adsorption due to the oxidation of Rh. In contrast, on partially oxidized Rh-M/MgO (M = Co, Ni, Fe) and Rh-CeO(2)/MgO, the preferential oxidation of the surface M atoms or reduced ceria maintains the metallic Rh and preserves the CO adsorbed on the surface Rh atoms. The CO adsorption during the reaction of catalytic partial oxidation of methane on Rh/MgO and Rh-Ni/MgO is similar to that on the reduced catalysts. On the other hand, the CO adsorption during the reaction on Rh-Co/MgO, Rh-Fe/MgO, and Rh-CeO(2)/MgO is different from that on the reduced catalysts, and this is related to the structural change of these catalysts during the reaction.
DOP86 Corticosteroid-sparing effects of ustekinumab therapy for Ulcerative Colitis through 3 years: UNIFI long-term extension (2021)

Abstract Background Ustekinumab (UST) is an IL12/23 blocker approved for use in Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis (UC). In the UNIFI maintenance study of patients (pts) with moderate-severe UC, &amp;gt;90% of the pts who achieved clinical response or remission at week (wk) 44 were able to eliminate corticosteroids, an important goal of therapy. In this analysis, we describe the corticosteroid-sparing effects of UST treatment through 3 years among pts who were treated in the UNIFI long-term extension (LTE). Methods 523 intravenous UST induction responders were randomized to SC maintenance therapy (SC placebo [PBO], n=175; UST 90mg every 12 wks [q12w], n=172; or UST 90mg q8w, n=176). 284 UST pts who completed wk44 entered the LTE. PBO pts were discontinued after wk44 unblinding. Based on the investigator’s clinical judgement of their UC disease activity, pts in the LTE were eligible to receive dose adjustment starting at wk56: PBO to q8w, q12w to q8w, and q8w to q8w (sham adjustment). Pts in PBO or q8w groups were only eligible for dose adjustment or sham dose adjustment before unblinding. Efficacy was evaluated in randomized pts using symptomatic remission (Mayo stool frequency subscore of 0 or 1 and a rectal bleeding subscore of 0). During the maintenance study, all pts receiving corticosteroids at maintenance baseline were required to initiate tapering. Through wk152 of the LTE, symptomatic remission endpoints were calculated with treatment failure and missing data nonresponder imputation, and dose adjustment was not considered to be a treatment failure. Missing corticosteroid dose data was managed using last observation carried forward. Results Of the 284 pts in the randomized population who were treated with UST in the LTE, 139 were receiving corticosteroids at maintenance baseline. Of these, 91.4% (n=127) were no longer receiving corticosteroids at wk152. The average prednisone-equivalent corticosteroid dose among pts receiving corticosteroids at maintenance baseline in the q8w group was 15.4 mg/day at maintenance baseline and 1.7 mg/day at wks44 &amp; 152. In the q12w group, average prednisone-equivalent doses were 15.4, 1.0, and 4.6 mg/day, respectively (Table 1). Corticosteroid-free symptomatic remission rates through wk152 are summarized in Table 2. Results were similar for the q8w and q12w maintenance doses. Of the UST-treated pts who were in symptomatic remission at wk152, 94.6% (88/93) in the q12w group and 98.0% (97/99) in the q8w group were corticosteroid-free. Conclusion UST maintenance therapy, with both q8w and q12w dosing regimens, was effective in reducing and eliminating the use of corticosteroids in pts with UC through 3 years. Through 3 years of treatment with UST, the majority of pts in symptomatic remission were corticosteroid free.
Tyrosine O-sulfation proteoforms affect HIV-1 monoclonal antibody potency (2022)

CAP256V2LS, a broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibody (bNAb), is being pursued as a promising drug for HIV-1 prevention. The total level of tyrosine-O-sulfation, a post-translational modification, was known to play a key role for antibody biological activity. More importantly, here wedescribe for the first time the significance of the tyrosine-O-sulfation proteoforms. We developed a hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) method to separate and quantify different sulfation proteoforms, which led to the direct functionality assessment of tyrosine-sulfated species. The fully sulfated (4-SO<sub>3</sub>) proteoform demonstrated the highest in vitro relative antigen binding potency and neutralization efficiency against a panel of HIV-1 viruses. Interestingly, highly variable levels of 4-SO<sub>3</sub> were produced by different clonal CHO cell lines, which helped the bNAb process development towards production of a highly potent CAP256V2LS clinical product with high 4-SO<sub>3</sub> proteoform. This study presents powerful insight for any biotherapeutic protein development where sulfation may play an important role in product efficacy.
Complement-Fixing Antibodies to Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Tissuesin IDDM: Autonomic Brake Index and Heart-Rate Variation (1990)

We describe herein complement-fixing anti-adrenal medullary (CF-ADM) and anti-sympathetic ganglia (CF-SG) antibodies in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). This study describes complement-fixing anti-vagus (CF-V) nerve antibodies and their relationship to the cardiovascular autonomic brake index (a measure of transient decrease in heart rate during the 1st min after a tilt), and R-R interval variation with deep breathing. CF-V was detectable in 7 of 83 (8.4%) subjects with IDDM aged 1.5-65.5 yr (mean +/- SE 28.7 +/- 1.8 yr) and duration of diabetes 0-47 yr (11.8 +/- 1.4 yr). Seventy-six nondiabetic subjects (aged 10-65 yr) all had negative CF-V scores. CF-V scores correlated with CF-ADM (0-16 yr of IDDM, r = 0.61, P less than 0.0001) and CF-SG (r = 0.39, P less than 0.05). Seventy IDDM subjects (aged 28 +/- 5 yr, duration of diabetes 17 +/- 3 yr) without proteinuria or proliferative retinopathy were screened for CF-ADM, CF-SG, and CF-V antibodies. Five of 70 (7.1%) had CF-SG only (negative for CF-ADM and CF-V). Brake indices ranged from 14.7 to 51.3 (37.3 +/- 6.9). Three of 70 (4.2%) had CF-ADM only, with brake indices from 26.9 to 45.1 (32.9 +/- 6.1). Four of 70 (5.7%) had CF-V antibodies only, with brake indices of 12.7-17.3 (15.1 +/- 1.1). Subjects with CF-SG or CF-ADM (anti-sympathetic) had higher brake indices than subjects with CF-V (anti-parasympathetic) antibodies (P less than 0.03).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Influence of outer membrane mutations on susceptibility of Escherichia coli to the dibasic macrolide azithromycin (1992)

Azithromycin differs chemically from erythromycin by having an extra positive charge created by the presence of a methyl-substituted nitrogen in the 15-membered macrolide ring. This results in substantially increased potency against Gram-negative bacteria. Therefore, the possibility was considered that azithromycin was taken across the outer membrane of Escherichia coli by the self-promoted uptake route, which is utilized by other cationic antibiotics including polymyxins and aminoglycosides. Azithromycin, like polymyxin B and gentamicin, demonstrated equal activity against porin-sufficient and porin-deficient E. coli strains but its MIC was increased eight-fold by magnesium supplementation. Nevertheless, an outer membrane-altered mutant DC2 was eight-fold more susceptible than its parent strain UB1005 to azithromycin, indicating that the outer membrane was a permeability barrier to this macrolide. A mutant SC9252 which had an alteration in the self-promoted uptake of polymyxin and gentamicin, was more resistant to azithromycin, polymyxin and gentamicin compared to its parent SC9251. Further azithromycin, like polymyxin B and gentamicin, was capable of weakly permeabilizing cells to the hydrophobic fluorophor 1-N-phenyl-naphthylamine, a process antagonized by Mg2+. The monobasic macrolide erythromycin on the other hand was less affected by the SC9252 mutation, less effectively antagonized by Mg2+, and was a far less effective permeabilizer than dibasic azithromycin. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that the improved efficacy of azithromycin compared to erythromycin against E. coli reflects its better access to the self-promoted uptake pathway due to its additional positive charge.
LAT1 acts as a crucial transporter of amino acids in human thymic carcinoma cells (2016)

L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1, SLC7A5) incorporates essential amino acids into cells. Recent studies have shown that LAT1 is a predominant transporter in various human cancers. However, the function of LAT1 in thymic carcinoma remains unknown. Here we demonstrate that LAT1 is a critical transporter for human thymic carcinoma cells. LAT1 was strongly expressed in human thymic carcinoma tissues. LAT1-specific inhibitor significantly suppressed leucine uptake and growth of Ty82 human thymic carcinoma cell lines, suggesting that thymic carcinoma takes advantage of LAT1 as a quality transporter and that LAT1-specific inhibitor might be clinically beneficial in therapy for thymic carcinoma.
A comparison of copper, lead and arsenic extraction from polluted and unpolluted soils (1988)

Abstract Various extraction techniques are believed to liberate elements bound to specific soil fractions. This study compares the extractability of copper, lead and arsenic from soils and attempts to relate any differences in behaviour to possible mechanisms of adsorption. Results from a heavily polluted area of the U.K. indicate a marked difference in the behaviour of arsenic compared to copper and lead. This is attributed to the non‐metallic nature of arsenic and its consequent anionic character. The availability of arsenic appears to be controlled by an anionic buffer system involving the hydrated mixed metal oxide phase of soils.