gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
25.2: Analysis of Deterioration of BaMgAl 10 O 17 :Eu 2+ Phosphor for Plasma Display Panels (2001)

Abstract Using TEM, we studied the amorphous phase on a BaMgAl 10 O 17 :Eu 2+ phosphor surface deteriorated by VUV irradiation. This paper describes growth of the amorphous phase and shows that irradiation from the a‐axis of the phosphor crystal intensively increased the growth of the amorphous phase, compared with the results of irradiation from the c‐axis.
Phase Noise Resilient Three-Level Continuous-Phase Modulation for DFT-Spread OFDM (2021)

A novel OFDM-based waveform with low peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) and high robustness against phase noise (PN) is presented. It follows the discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-s-OFDM) signal model. 3MSK, is inspired by continuous-phase frequency shift keying (FSK), but it uses three frequencies in the baseband model -- specifically, 0 and $\pm f_{symbol}/4$, where $f_{symbol}$ is the symbol rate -- which effectively constrains the phase transitions between consecutive symbols to 0 and $\pm π/2$ rad. Motivated by the phase controlled model of modulation, different degrees of phase continuity can be achieved, while supporting receiver processing with low complexity. The signal characteristics are improved by generating an initial time-domain nearly constant envelope signal at higher than the symbol rate. This helps to reach smooth phase transitions between 3MSK symbols. Also the possibility of using excess bandwidth is investigated by transmitting additional non-zero subcarriers outside active subcarriers of the basic DFT-s-OFDM model, which provides the capability to greatly reduce the PAPR. Due to the fact that the information is encoded in the phase transitions, a receiver model that tracks the phase variations without needing reference signals is developed. To this end, it is shown that this new modulation is well-suited for non-coherent receivers, even under strong phase noise (PN) conditions, thus allowing to reduce the overhead of reference signals. Evaluations of this physical-layer modulation and waveform scheme are performed in terms of transmitter metrics such as PAPR, OOB emissions and achievable output power after the power amplifier (PA). Finally, coded radio link evaluations are also shown and provided, demonstrating that 3MSK has a similar BER performance as that of traditional QPSK.
WSNp1-4: Doubling Capacities by a Link-directionality-based Dual Channel MAC Protocol for IEEE 802.11 Ad-hoc Networks (2006)

In this paper, we propose a link-directionality-based dual channel MAC protocol in an attempt to double the capacities of networks using the single-channel IEEE 802.11 protocol. When an IEEE 802.11 ad-hoc network achieves capacity C by using a single channel, the targeted capacity by using two channels should be 2 - C. However, most of the multichannel 802.11 protocols proposed in the literature only appear to be able to achieve less than 60% of the 2 ldr C targeted capacity. Simulations show that our proposed scheme can achieve more than 106% of our targeted capacities, 1.06*2 ldr C = 2.12 ldr C. We believe this is a first paper in the literature to propose a MAC protocol to transmit RTS/DATA and CTS/ACK of a link on different channels, a key step that yields significant potential for <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">multiplying</i> the network capacities of ad-hoc networks.
Evaluation of a Prototype of a Novel Galactomannan Sandwich Assay Using the VIDAS® Technology for the Diagnosis of Invasive Aspergillosis (2021)

This new VIDAS<sup>®</sup>GM prototype assay showed adequate analytical and clinical performance and a good correlation with that of Platelia™ <i>Aspergillus</i> Ag with 126 sera, although these results need to be confirmed in a larger prospective and multicentric study. As for the other VIDAS<sup>®</sup> assays, VIDAS<sup>®</sup>GM is a single-sample automated test using a solid reagent strip and receptacle. It is easy to use and suitable for rapid on-demand test results.
Solving covering problems using LPR-based lower bounds (2000)

Unate and binate covering problems are a subclass of general integer linear programming problems with which several problems in logic synthesis, such as two-level logic minimization and technology mapping, are formulated. Previous branch-and-bound methods for solving these problems exactly use lower bounding techniques based on finding maximal independent sets. In this paper, we examine lower bounding techniques based on linear programming relaxation (LPR) for the covering problem. We show that a combination of traditional reductions (essentiality and dominance) and incremental computation of LPR-based lower bounds can exactly solve difficult covering problems orders of magnitude faster than traditional methods.
P1‐296: Gamma‐secretase inhibitors and gamma‐secretase modulators differentially regulate amyloid‐beta 42 peptide generation in native brain membrane preparations from multiple species (2010)

The presence of beta-amyloid peptide (Aβ) in critical brain regions is considered to be a causative factor in the cognitive decline and neuronal degeneration associated with Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Sequential cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) by β- and γ-secretases generates soluble and insoluble Aβ peptides between 39 and 43 amino acids in length. Reducing levels of toxic Aβ species, especially Aβ42, by inhibiting these enzymes is a viable therapeutic strategy for the treatment of AD. A number of γ-secretase inhibitors (GSI) have been identified and shown to reduce all major forms of brain Aβ in vivo following administration in laboratory rodents. More recently, a class of molecules that modulate the activity of γ-secretase (GSM) by preferentially inhibiting the generation of Aβ42 have been identified. We utilize a native tissue enzyme complex from brain to assess the de novo generation of Aβ40 and Aβ42 following co-incubation with substrate (APP C100-Flag) and compounds characterized as GSI or GSM. γ-Secretase containing membrane fractions from guinea pig, rat, or non-AD human brain were prepared similar to Li et al (PNAS (97)11, 2000), but without detergent solubilization. Membranes were incubated with compound and exogenous APP C100-Flag substrate, followed by solid phase extraction of Aβ. Levels of generated Aβ40 and Aβ42 were determined using a sandwich ELISA system comprised of Aβ40 or Aβ42 cleavage-specific antibodies (Rinat) and 4G8-biotin antibody (Covance). We report the development and validation of a novel model to assess levels of Aβ42 produced by γ-secretase complex from native brain tissue membranes. This assay shows a time-dependent increase in de novo Aβ40 and Aβ42. In addition, we highlight the differential regulation by γ-secretase of Aβ42 generation in response to GSI or GSM treatment in native brain membrane preparations from guinea pig, rat, and human tissue. Utilizing a native membrane prep assay capable of measuring both Aβ40 and Aβ42 from brain tissue across multiple species assists in delineating a mechanism of action across species and enables translation of efficacy as compound development progresses across pharmacological, safety, and clinical animal models.
Contrasting responses of non‐small cell lung cancer to antiangiogenic therapies depend on histological subtype (2014)

Abstract The vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) pathway is a clinically validated antiangiogenic target for non‐small cell lung cancer ( NSCLC ). However, some contradictory results have been reported on the biological effects of antiangiogenic drugs. In order to evaluate the efficacy of these drugs in NSCLC histological subtypes, we analyzed the anticancer effect of two anti‐ VEGFR 2 therapies (sunitinib and DC 101) in chemically induced mouse models and tumorgrafts of lung adenocarcinoma ( ADC ) and squamous cell carcinoma ( SCC ). Antiangiogenic treatments induced vascular trimming in both histological subtypes. In ADC tumors, vascular trimming was accompanied by tumor stabilization. In contrast, in SCC tumors, antiangiogenic therapy was associated with disease progression and induction of tumor proliferation. Moreover, in SCC , anti‐ VEGFR 2 therapies increased the expression of stem cell markers such as aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 A 1, CD 133, and CD 15, independently of intratumoral hypoxia. In vitro studies with ADC cell lines revealed that antiangiogenic treatments reduced pAKT and pERK signaling and inhibited proliferation, while in SCC ‐derived cell lines the same treatments increased pAKT and pERK , and induced survival. In conclusion, this study evaluates for the first time the effect of antiangiogenic drugs in lung SCC murine models in vivo and sheds light on the contradictory results of antiangiogenic therapies in NSCLC .
Reconfigurable arithmetic for HPC (2013)

An often overlooked way to increase the efficiency of HPC on FPGA is to tailor, as tightly as possible, the arithmetic to the application. An ideally efficient implementation would, for each of its operations, toggle and transmit just the number of bits required by the application at this point. Conventional microprocessors, with their word-level granularity and fixed memory hierarchy, keep us away from this ideal. FPGAs, with their bit-level granularity, have the potential to get much closer. Therefore, reconfigurable computing should systematically investigate, in an application-specific way, non-standard precisions, but also non-standard number systems and non-standard arithmetic operations. The purpose of this chapter is to review these opportunities.
Advances in Cardiovascular Fluid Mechanics: Bench to Bedside (2009)

This paper presents recent advances in cardiovascular fluid mechanics that define the current state of the art. These studies include complex multimodal investigations with advanced measurement and simulation techniques. We first discuss the complex flows within the total cavopulmonary connection in Fontan patients. We emphasize the quantification of energy losses by studying the importance of caval offsets as well as the differences among various Fontan surgical protocols. In our studies of the fluid mechanics of prosthetic heart valves, we reveal for the first time the full three-dimensional complexity of flow fields in the vicinity of bileaflet and trileaflet valves and the microscopic hinge flow dynamics. We also present results of these valves functioning in a patient-specific native aorta geometry. Our in vitro mitral valve studies show the complex mechanism of the native mitral valve apparatus. We demonstrate that the different components of the mitral valve have independent and synergistically complex functions that allow the valve to operate efficiently. We also show how valve mechanics change under pathological and repair conditions associated with enlarged ventricles. Finally, our ex vivo studies on the interactions between the aortic valve and its surrounding hemodynamic environment are aimed at providing insights into normal valve function and valve pathology. We describe the development of organ- and tissue-culture systems and the biological response of the tissue subjected to their respective simulated mechanical environment. The studies noted above have enhanced our understanding of the complex fluid mechanics associated with the cardiovascular system and have led to new translational technologies.
Cardiomyocyte aging is gender-dependent: the local IGF-1-IGF-1R system. (2002)

To determine whether insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and its receptor (IGF-1R) are implicated in the aging process of the heart, and if their impact differs in the two genders, the expression of IGF-1, and extracellular alpha-subunit and transmembrane beta-subunit of IGF-1R was measured in left ventricular myocytes isolated from male and female Fischer 344 rats at 3, 8, 12, 16, and 26 months after birth. Additionally, the extent of myocardial damage in both sexes was evaluated in rats at 3 and 26 months by confocal microscopy. Finally, ventricular hemodynamics was assessed in the closed-chest preparation. From 3 to 26 months, aging was characterized by an 83%, 84% decrease and disappearance in the quantity of IGF-1, IGF-1Ralpha and IGF-1Rbeta in male myocytes. Corresponding changes in female myocytes were 40%, 28% and 43%. These molecular modifications at the myocyte level were coupled with tissue injury, consisting of multiple foci of replacement fibrosis across the left ventricular wall. However, myocardial fibrosis in females was 76% and 77% significantly less than in the young and old male heart, respectively. These multiple age-associated events were accompanied by cardiac decompensation in the senescent male rat, while modest indices of ventricular dysfunction were detected in old female rats. In conclusion, the enhanced IGF-1-IGF-1R system in female myocytes may condition the favorable outcome of age in this gender.
Force Microscopy Study of Friction and Elastic Compliance of Phase-Separated Organic Thin Films (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTForce Microscopy Study of Friction and Elastic Compliance of Phase-Separated Organic Thin FilmsR. M. Overney, E. Meyer, J. Frommer, H.-J. Guentherodt, M. Fujihira, H. Takano, and Y. GotohCite this: Langmuir 1994, 10, 4, 1281–1286Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1994https://doi.org/10.1021/la00016a049RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views638Altmetric-Citations227LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (4 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: Proline and Lewis Base Co‐Catalyzed Addition of α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes to Nitrostyrenes. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Frailty in older adults (2017)

Abstract Frailty is most often conceptualized as an age-related medical syndrome with a biological basis that results in substantial vulnerability stressors and adverse health outcomes. It is increasingly thought of as the geriatric syndrome that underlies all other geriatric syndromes. Multiple measurement tools have been developed that have helped to differentiate frail from more robust or resilient older adults; and these tools enabling the characterization of and consequences of frailty, as well as its underlying biology. The recognition of frailty as a condition of advanced vulnerability has led to the development of interventions and novel approaches to integrate frailty into clinical practice. The following chapter describes the conceptualization of frailty, surveys the vast array of tools used to identify frailty, provides demographic information and epidemiological characterizations of causes and consequences of frailty, identifies important biological and environmental drivers of frailty, and describes the clinical efforts underway to better utilize frailty tools.
Optimizing Interconnects RC Variability for Automotive Manufacturing using Novel Advanced Process Control (2020)

Control of variation in interconnects resistance and capacitance (RC) model due to variability in semiconductor manufacturing is extremely challenging, especially to meet the stringent automotive sigma requirements of Cp/Cpk 1.67. Real-time in-line APC improves R and C sigma by reducing LtL variation, however, WiW variation is non-negligible as it degrades RC correlation and causes off-centering in the model when R and C test keys are not located at same location. We demonstrate interconnects RC model within < 2% from target by using APC to mitigate WiW variation with real-time tuning of CMP oxide loss target for various radial zones in a wafer instead of whole wafer. We also demonstrate the concept of interconnects process integration with dynamic routing to mitigate tools variation by continuous learning of tools historical data for better variability control in order to further optimize the RC model. This provides insights to the application of machine learning to realize industry 4.0 smart and efficient concept for semiconductor manufacturing.
Laminated magnetic materials for on-chip magnetic inductors/transformers (2023)

A technique relates to a method of forming a laminated multilayer magnetic structure. An adhesion layer is deposited on a substrate. A magnetic seed layer is deposited on top of the adhesion layer. Magnetic layers and non-magnetic spacer layers are alternatingly deposited such that an even number of the magnetic layers is deposited while an odd number of the non-magnetic spacer layers is deposited. The odd number is one less than the even number. Every two of the magnetic layers is separated by one of the non-magnetic spacer layers. The first of the magnetic layers is deposited on the magnetic seed layer, and the magnetic layers each have a thickness less than 500 nanometers.
Investigation of the Turbulent Flame Speed for Natural Gas and Natural Gas/Hydrogen Mixtures at High Turbulence Levels and Volumetric Heat Release Rates (2013)

In gas turbine combustion application, there is a strong tendency towards high volumetric heat release rates without compromising ignition stability and the requirement of low emission concentrations of NOx, CO and unburned hydrocarbons. In order to meet these demands for industrial gas turbines the lean premixed combustion concept has been developed. In the scope of this paper fundamental experimental work, which has been carried out in order to analyze the important topic of turbulence/chemistry interaction on a semi-technical scale, will be reported. The turbulent intensity and length scales have been varied by a generic burner system, which consists of four geometrically scaled burners. At atmospheric pressure conditions more than 700 Bunsen type flames in a Reynolds number range from 21000 to 128000 have been investigated. Gas/air mixture preheating has been included in the tests as a typical boundary condition for combustion in gas turbines. The natural gas was blended with 25 vol. % and 50 vol. % hydrogen in order to alter the kinetics of the fuel gas. The influence of the aforementioned parameters on the turbulent flame speed were assessed and compared with existing correlations for the turbulent flame speed. Special emphasis has been taken on the influence of gas/air mixture preheating and kinetics.
Muscle Crossbridge Stroke and Activity Revealed by Optical Diffraction (1978)

Optical diffraction measurements during rapid releases of active toad muscle show that the sarcomeres contract within 1 millisecond by an amount up to but not greater than 12 nanometers. This crossbridges immediately start cycling to produce the normal contraction velocity in unloaded muscle.
Stem cell therapy for stress urinary incontinence (2010)

The rhabdosphincter at the mid urethra is critical for maintaining urinary continence. In a setting of stress urinary incontinence stem cells transplanted into the site of the rhabdosphincter may augment sphincter regeneration and also release trophic factors promoting muscle and nerve integration of this muscle. We hereby review the use of cellular therapy for SUI and our experience with the development of muscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs).
26.2: Controlled Electrodes in UHP Lamps (2004)

Abstract The electrodes of short arc UHP lamps bear the brunt to combine high power densities with long life. This conflict can be resolved by a proper electrical operation of the lamp. Special drive schemes for Philips UHP lamps provide a stable arc attachment and a superior electrode durability. In this paper, we present electrode performance measurements under various conditions and discuss the underlying physical effects.
Non-invasive ultrasonic modulation of visual evoked response by GABA delivery through the blood brain barrier (2018)

Abstract We demonstrate the feasibility of non-invasively modulating the visual cortex activity of non-human primates by local ultrasound-induced delivery of an inhibitory neurotransmitter (GABA). GABA was injected intravenously after the blood brain barrier (BBB) was transiently disrupted with focused ultrasound (FUS) coupled with ultrasound contrast agents (UCA). Visual evoked potentials exhibited a significant and progressive decrease of the activity. Combined effects of neuromodulation and BBB opening were shown to be 8.7 times less important than GABA-induced inhibition. During the sonication, the UCA harmonic response was monitored to estimate the level of stable cavitation (signature of BBB opening efficiency) and to avoid damages due to inertial cavitation (automatic shutdown of the sonication when detected). As recent developments in beam forming have shown that ultrasound beams can be focused non-invasively in deep-seated human brain locations, our results hold promise to explore and treat the brain with a non-invasive, controllable, repeatable and reversible method.
Coordination of brain wide activity dynamics by dopaminergic neurons (2016)

Abstract Several neuropsychiatric conditions, such as addiction, schizophrenia, and depression may arise in part from dysregulated activity of ventral tegmental area dopaminergic (TH VTA ) neurons, as well as from more global maladaptation in neurocircuit function. However, whether TH VTA activity affects large-scale brain-wide function remains unknown. Here, we selectively activated TH VTA neurons in transgenic rats and measured resulting changes in whole-brain activity using stimulus-evoked functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Selective optogenetic stimulation of TH VTA neurons not only enhanced cerebral blood volume (CBV) signals in striatal target regions in a dopamine receptor dependent fashion, but also engaged many additional anatomically defined regions throughout the brain. In addition, repeated pairing of TH VTA neuronal activity with forepaw stimulation, produced an expanded brain-wide sensory representation. These data suggest that modulation of TH VTA neurons can impact brain dynamics across many distributed anatomically distinct regions, even those that receive little to no direct TH VTA input.
Digital therapeutics in the clinic (2023)

Digital therapeutics are emerging as a new form of therapeutic interventions. Unlike conventional therapeutics, digital therapeutics deliver interventions directly to patients using an evidence-based, clinically evaluated software to treat, manage, or prevent diseases. Digital therapeutics manifest in diverse forms such as web-based applications, mobile applications on smart devices, virtual reality, and video games. As its own product category for FDA approval, digital therapeutics can function as stand-alone treatments or in combination with conventional therapeutics to improve adherence and/or efficacy. Here, we review the clinical landscape of digital therapeutics. We summarize FDA-approved products and their clinical use, overview >300 ongoing clinical trials, and discuss challenges for their clinical translation and strategies to overcome the same.