gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gas-Phase Synthesis of Nanoscale Silicon as an Economical Route towards Sustainable Energy Technology (2011)

The silicon age that started in the 60s of the last century has changed the world profoundly, mainly related to the invention and development of microprocessor technology. Meanwhile, the demand for silicon is driven by the photovoltaics industry that consumes about 80% of the high-purity silicon produced worldwide. Independent of the final product, all high-purity silicon has passed through a couple of gas-phase reactions for purification. The most important gaseous species within this production chain are chlorosilanes and monosilane. We will discuss the direct formation of crystalline silicon by homogeneous gas-phase reactions as a direct and highly economical way to produce the required high-purity raw material for silicon solar cells. The direct formation of solid silicon particles from monosilane requires only a fraction of the energy compared to the established Siemens process based on the chemical vapor deposition of silanes. We have developed a method to synthesize nanocrystalline silicon powder using a hot-wall reactor, and the technology was scaled up to the pilot-plant scale. While an economical production strategy is decisive for solar cell production, the structure of the gas-phase product allows for additional, highly promising applications benefiting from the specific properties of the nanoscale particulate material. Both, thermoelectric generators as well as lithiumion batteries benefit from the nanocrystalline structure of the gas-phase product due to high phonon scattering and short diffusion lengths, respectively. First successful examples with regard to these two topics will be discussed. In these fields, silicon finds potential new markets for sustainable energy technology because of its abundant availability and low-cost production.
EFM's Point‐to‐Point Optical Solutions (2011)

This chapter introduces and explains the various physical layer laser-based technologies adopted by Ethernet in the First Mile (EFM) for each of the point-to-point optical families. It starts by introducing a typical block diagram of a transceiver and looking at all the sub-assemblies within it. The chapter then discusses some high-level architectural decisions that apply to all the point-to-point optical families. Next, it explains each of the point-to-point families by defining underlying market first, and then analyzing the transmit and receive technologies. For each family the chapter looks at the power budget requirements and where appropriate made comparisons to similar or predecessor technologies. It also explores the implications of extended temperature operation. The chapter concludes by returning to the block diagram of a typical transceiver and introducing the concept of platform design, a powerful technique that allows transceiver manufacturers to share sub-components between various designs. Controlled Vocabulary Terms IEEE 802.3 Standards; optical fiber communication; optical transceivers
Cocrystal structure of meningococcal factor H binding protein variant 3 reveals a new crossprotective epitope recognized by human mAb 1E6 (2019)

The 4 component meningococcus B vaccine (4CMenB) vaccine is the first vaccine containing recombinant proteins licensed for the prevention of invasive meningococcal disease caused by meningococcal serogroup B strains. 4CMenB contains 3 main recombinant proteins, including the <i>Neisseria meningitidis</i> factor H binding protein (fHbp), a lipoprotein able to bind the human factor H. To date, over 1000 aa sequences of fHbp have been identified, and they can be divided into variant groups 1, 2, and 3, which are usually not crossprotective. Nevertheless, previous characterizations of a small set (<i>n</i> = 10) of mAbs generated in humans after 4CMenB immunization revealed 2 human Fabs (huFabs) (1A12, 1G3) with some crossreactivity for variants 1, 2, and 3. This unexpected result prompted us to examine a much larger set of human mAbs (<i>n</i> = 110), with the aim of better understanding the extent and nature of crossreactive anti-fHbp antibodies. In this study, we report an analysis of the human antibody response to fHbp, by the characterization of 110 huFabs collected from 3 adult vaccinees during a 6-mo study. Although the 4CMenB vaccine contains fHbp variant 1, 13 huFabs were also found to be crossreactive with variants 2 and 3. The crystal structure of the crossreactive huFab 1E6 in complex with fHbp variant 3 was determined, revealing a novel, highly conserved epitope distinct from the epitopes recognized by 1A12 or 1G3. Further, functional characterization shows that human mAb 1E6 is able to elicit rabbit, but not human, complement-mediated bactericidal activity against meningococci displaying fHbp from any of the 3 different variant groups. This functional and structural information about the human antibody response upon 4CMenB immunization contributes to further unraveling the immunogenic properties of fHbp. Knowledge gained about the epitope profile recognized by the human antibody repertoire could guide future vaccine design.-Bianchi, F., Veggi, D., Santini, L., Buricchi, F., Bartolini, E., Lo Surdo, P., Martinelli, M., Finco, O., Masignani, V., Bottomley, M. J., Maione, D., Cozzi, R. Cocrystal structure of meningococcal factor H binding protein variant 3 reveals a new crossprotective epitope recognized by human mAb 1E6.
A suboptimal nonlinear active suspension (2000)

A nonlinear optimal control law based on a quartic cost function is developed, and applied to a quarter-car vehicle model. For small disturbances, the performance is similar to the "soft" linear suspension, but for large disturbances, the suspension travel and wheel hop are reduced at the expense of larger body acceleration. The nonlinear suspension controller qualitatively emulates an LQ controller gain scheduled by RMS input levels, and provides a safer ride than the linear controller.
From Chirac to Sarkozy: a New France? (2008)

Spire est le dépôt institutionnel de la production scientifique de Sciences Po et contient le texte intégral des articles, ouvrages, chapitres d’ouvrages, working papers et communications dans des conférences de la communauté académique de Sciences Po.
Synthesis of 5,6'-dihydroxy-2',3',4',6,7-pentamethoxyflavone. (1984)

5, 6'-Dihydroxy-2', 3', 4', 6, 7-pentamethoxy-(1), 2', 5-dihydroxy-3', 4', 6, 6', 7-pentamethoxy-(2) and 3', 5-dihydroxy-2', 4', 6, 6', 7-pentamethoxyflavone (3) were synthesized to compare with brickellin isolated from Brickellia veronicaefolia and B. chlorolepis. The spectral properties of these synthetic flavones were not consistent with those of brickellin.
FDA: Fourier Domain Adaptation for Semantic Segmentation (2020)

We describe a simple method for unsupervised domain adaptation, whereby the discrepancy between the source and target distributions is reduced by swapping the low-frequency spectrum of one with the other. We illustrate the method in semantic segmentation, where densely annotated images are aplenty in one domain (synthetic data), but difficult to obtain in another (real images). Current state-of-the-art methods are complex, some requiring adversarial optimization to render the backbone of a neural network invariant to the discrete domain selection variable. Our method does not require any training to perform the domain alignment, just a simple Fourier Transform and its inverse. Despite its simplicity, it achieves state-of-the-art performance in the current benchmarks, when integrated into a relatively standard semantic segmentation model. Our results indicate that even simple procedures can discount nuisance variability in the data that more sophisticated methods struggle to learn away.
Rogaratinib: A potent and selective pan‐FGFR inhibitor with broad antitumor activity in FGFR‐overexpressing preclinical cancer models (2019)

Aberrant activation in fibroblast growth factor signaling has been implicated in the development of various cancers, including squamous cell lung cancer, squamous cell head and neck carcinoma, colorectal and bladder cancer. Thus, fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) present promising targets for novel cancer therapeutics. Here, we evaluated the activity of a novel pan-FGFR inhibitor, rogaratinib, in biochemical, cellular and in vivo efficacy studies in a variety of preclinical cancer models. In vitro kinase activity assays demonstrate that rogaratinib potently and selectively inhibits the activity of FGFRs 1, 2, 3 and 4. In line with this, rogaratinib reduced proliferation in FGFR-addicted cancer cell lines of various cancer types including lung, breast, colon and bladder cancer. FGFR and ERK phosphorylation interruption by rogaratinib treatment in several FGFR-amplified cell lines suggests that the anti-proliferative effects are mediated by FGFR/ERK pathway inhibition. Furthermore, rogaratinib exhibited strong in vivo efficacy in several cell line- and patient-derived xenograft models characterized by FGFR overexpression. The observed efficacy of rogaratinib strongly correlated with FGFR mRNA expression levels. These promising results warrant further development of rogaratinib and clinical trials are currently ongoing (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifiers: NCT01976741, NCT03410693, NCT03473756).
Real-time tomographic holography for augmented reality (2010)

The concept and instantiation of real-time tomographic holography (RTTH) for augmented reality is presented. RTTH enables natural hand-eye coordination to guide invasive medical procedures without requiring tracking or a head-mounted device. It places a real-time virtual image of an object's cross section into its actual location, without noticeable viewpoint dependence (e.g., parallax error). The virtual image is viewed through a flat narrowband holographic optical element (HOE) with optical power that generates an in-situ virtual image (within 1 m of the HOE) from a small spatial light modulator display without obscuring a direct view of the physical world. Rigidly fixed upon a medical ultrasound probe, an RTTH device could show the scan in its actual location inside the patient, even as the probe was moved relative to the patient.
Human Activity Recognition Using Smartphones (2018)

Human Activity Recognition(HAR) is classifying activity of a person using responsive sensors that are affected from human movement. Both users and capabilities(sensors) of smartphones increase and users usually carry their smartphone with them. These facts makes HAR more important and popular. This work focuses on recognition of human activity using smartphone sensors using different machine learning classification approaches. Data retrieved from smart phones' accelerometer and gyroscope sensors are classified in order to recognise human activity. Results of the approaches used are compared in terms of efficiency and precision.
Structure-Based Exploration of Selectivity for ATM Inhibitors in Huntington’s Disease (2021)

Our group has recently shown that brain-penetrant ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) kinase inhibitors may have potential as novel therapeutics for the treatment of Huntington's disease (HD). However, the previously described pyranone-thioxanthenes (e.g., <b>4</b>) failed to afford selectivity over a vacuolar protein sorting 34 (Vps34) kinase, an important kinase involved with autophagy. Given that impaired autophagy has been proposed as a pathogenic mechanism of neurodegenerative diseases such as HD, achieving selectivity over Vps34 became an important objective for our program. Here, we report the successful selectivity optimization of ATM over Vps34 by using X-ray crystal structures of a Vps34-ATM protein chimera where the Vps34 ATP-binding site was mutated to approximate that of an ATM kinase. The morpholino-pyridone and morpholino-pyrimidinone series that resulted as a consequence of this selectivity optimization process have high ATM potency and good oral bioavailability and have lower molecular weight, reduced lipophilicity, higher aqueous solubility, and greater synthetic tractability compared to the pyranone-thioxanthenes.
Globalisation and Digitisation — The Challenges of Our Time (2020)

If one were to ask people from all over the world what they consider to be the biggest challenges of our time, the answers would likely be quite similar. Most would identify globalisation and digitisation as phenomena that have the potential to change their lives for better or for worse…
Advanced Optical FBG Sensor Systems and Examples of Their Application in Energy Facility Monitoring (2012)

Design and realization of fiber Bragg grating sensor systems are described for implementation of structural health monitoring in energy plants. Application examples in conventional, renewable, and nuclear energies demonstrate their potential in advanced energetics.
From Single Cells to Tissues: Interactions between the Matrix and Human Breast Cells in Real Time (2014)

Localized regions of collagen fiber alignment are required for ductal elongation and branching suggesting the importance of local mechanical anisotropy in mammary epithelial morphogenesis. Similar principles may govern the morphology of branching and budding in other tissues and organs.
Chemical vapor deposition : principles and applications (1993)

M.L. Hitchman and K.F. Jensen, Chemical Vapour Deposition--An Overview. K.F. Jensen, Fundamentals of Chemical Vapour Deposition. W.G. Breiland and P. Ho, Analysis of Chemical Vapor Deposition Processes. M.L. Hitchman and K.F. Jensen, Chemical Vapor Deposition at Low Pressures. B.S. Meyerson, Silicon Epitaxy by Chemical Vapor Deposition. R.L. Moon and Y.-M. Houng, Organometallic Vapor Phase Epitaxy of III-V Materials. D.W. Hess and D.B. Graves, Plasma-Assisted Chemical and Vapor Deposition. V.R. McCrary and V.M. Donnelly, Photo-Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition. W.B. Jackson, Electronic and Optical Characterization of Chemical Vapor Deposition Films for Device Applications. G. Wahl, Protective Coatings. Index.
Physiological parameters governing the action of pancreatic lipase (2010)

The most widely used pharmacological therapies for obesity and weight management are based on inhibition of gastrointestinal lipases, resulting in a reduced energy yield of ingested foods by reducing dietary lipid absorption. Colipase-dependent pancreatic lipase is believed to be the major gastrointestinal enzyme involved in catalysis of lipid ester bonds. There is scant literature on the action of pancreatic lipase under the range of physiological conditions that occur within the human small intestine, and the literature that does exist is often contradictory. Due to the importance of pancreatic lipase activity to nutrition and weight management, the present review aims to assess the current body of knowledge with regards to the physiology behind the action of this unique gastrointestinal enzyme system. Existing data would suggest that pancreatic lipase activity is affected by intestinal pH, the presence of colipase and bile salts, but not by the physiological range of Ca ion concentration (as is commonly assumed). The control of secretion of pancreatic lipase and its associated factors appears to be driven by gastrointestinal luminal content, particularly the presence of acid or digested proteins and fats in the duodenal lumen. Secretion of colipase, bile acids and pancreatic lipase is driven by cholecystokinin and secretin release.
Confining the double ionization dynamics of argon to half of a laser cycle (2012)

The sub-cycle dynamics in non-sequential double ionization of argon are studied by combining a reaction microscope with a single-shot carrier-envelope phase measurement technique. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.
Learning Certifiably Robust Controllers Using Fragile Perception (2022)

Advances in computer vision and machine learning enable robots to perceive their surroundings in powerful new ways, but these perception modules have well-known fragilities. We consider the problem of synthesizing a safe controller that is robust despite perception errors. The proposed method constructs a state estimator based on Gaussian processes with input-dependent noises. This estimator computes a high-confidence set for the actual state given a perceived state. Then, a robust neural network controller is synthesized that can provably handle the state uncertainty. Furthermore, an adaptive sampling algorithm is proposed to jointly improve the estimator and controller. Simulation experiments, including a realistic vision-based lane-keeping example in CARLA, illustrate the promise of the proposed approach in synthesizing robust controllers with deep-learning-based perception.
Diabetic murine models for Acinetobacter baumannii infection (2012)

We developed novel models of A. baumannii bacteraemia and pneumonia in diabetic mice. These models can be used to study mechanisms of infection, develop immunotherapeutic strategies and evaluate drug efficacies against highly lethal A. baumannii infections.
Supplementary Methods, Figures 1-5 from Preclinical Evaluation of AMG 900, a Novel Potent and Highly Selective Pan-Aurora Kinase Inhibitor with Activity in Taxane-Resistant Tumor Cell Lines (2023)

Supplementary Methods, Figures 1-5 from Preclinical Evaluation of AMG 900, a Novel Potent and Highly Selective Pan-Aurora Kinase Inhibitor with Activity in Taxane-Resistant Tumor Cell Lines
Nearest Euclidean Distance Search Associative Memory for High-Speed Pattern Matching (2011)

A mixed digital-analog associative memory for Euclidean distance search with fully-parallel processing is reported. Digital processing is used up to subtraction and absolute value calculation in the vector-component comparator part. Analog processing is then applied up to completion of the winner-take-all function. The maximum search time of a test implementation in 0.35 μm CMOS technology having 64 reference patterns, each representing a 16 dimensional vector with 5-bit components, is less than 135 nsec. This is equivalent to 172 GOPS, if a general-purpose 32-bit processor would have to run the same workload.
Novel development of heat treatment techniques for seed surface sterilisation (2005)

Heat treatment to prevent seed borne diseases, e.g. in the form of hot water or warm humid air, will normally heat up the entire seed. Heat treatment of the seed embryo will always have a negative side-effect on seed vigour and the duration of several minutes are difficult to implement in seed plans treating huge volumes of seed. However, in the case of common bunt in wheat and similar diseases, where the inoculum is transmitted as fungal spores on the surface of the seed, an uniform and efficient surface sterilisation will be sufficient to prevent the transmission of the disease. &#13;\n&#13;\nTo test the effect of surface heat sterilisation of seed, an equipment was developed, where seeds were exposed to a combination of steam and ultrasound. The principle is that the ultrasound will create a fluctation of the air molecules in the chamber, and thereby increase the access of the hot steam to the surface of the seed.&#13;\n&#13;\nIn this equipment, common bunt in wheat was eliminated after 4 sec. treatment and in spelt after 8 seconds. A 16 times increase of the duration of the treatment did not decrease germination speed of the seed, tested in a cold sand test. This demonstrates that surface transmitted diseases can be controlled efficiently and environmentally friendly by equipment adaptable to commercial seed plans.
Is early colonoscopy after admission for acute diverticular bleeding needed? (2003)

No significant association is apparent between the timing of colonoscopy after admission and encountering active bleeding or nonbleeding stigmata. Based on these observations, urgent colonoscopy for these patients does not seem advantageous.
Biphenyl Amides and Isosteres as MCH R1 Antagonists (2007)

The pursuit of MCH R1 antagonists for the treatment of obesity has become an active area of research for many pharmaceutical companies. The evidence supporting the use of MCH R1 antagonists for the treatment of obesity is ample, and the recent demonstration of MCH R1 antagonists' efficacy in animal models of obesity has served to augment earlier studies involving MCH peptide and transgenic animals. We report herein our search for MCH R1 antagonists from the discovery of a biphenyl amide by high throughput screening, through the optimization of the biphenyl amide to a series of constrained aryl-substituted thienopyrimidinones, and extending the application of the thienopyrimidinone substructure to other series of MCH R1 antagonists. Importantly, these MCH R1 antagonists have demonstrated efficacy in animal models of obesity through once-daily oral administration at low doses.
Heart-type fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP) and brain natriuretic peptide-fragment (BNP-fragment) in COPD patients with pneumonia (2013)

Background: COPD exacerbations are commonly complicated by pneumonia. The cardiac involvement in these cases may also play an important prognostic role. Aim: To evaluate the value of cardiac dysfunction biomarkers (H-FABP and BNP-fragment) in COPD patients with pneumonia. Methods: We studied 61 hospitalized patients with acute exacerbation COPD (64.4±7.9 yrs; FEV1 28.1±12.1% pred.), pneumonia was diagnosed in 26 patients of them. All patients underwent investigation including chest X-ray, blood gases, echocardiography, measurement of serum C-reactive protein (CRP), H-FABP, BNP-fragment. Results: In patients with pneumonia who died during hospital stay (n=11) levels of H-FABP, BNP-fragment were significantly higher than in survivors (11060.6 [3328, 2-17216, 0] vs 1666,2 [3088,1-5779,4] pg/mL and 2066.5 [575.6-6000.0] vs 497.9 [307.4-1854.8] fmol/mL, respectively, p Conclusions: Increased levels of H-FABP, BNP-fragment were associated with poor outcome of pneumonia. Inflammatory response reflected cardiac dysfunction in COPD patients with pneumonia.
Low-Temperature Fabrication of Si Thin-Film Transistor Microstructures by Soft Lithographic Patterning on Curved and Planar Substrates (2000)

We demonstrate the use of micrometer-scale polymer molding, a soft-lithographic patterning technique, as a means to fabricate amorphous silicon thin-film transistors (TFTs). Two different TFT architectures were fabricated and testeda common gate, common channel architecture for single-level patterning on a spherically curved glass substrateand an isolated channel, inverted, staggered architecture with multilevel pattern registration on a planar glass substrate. The silicon and silicon nitride films are deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering, allowing all film depositions to be carried out at temperatures at or below 125 °C, and making this fabrication process a candidate for use on plastic or other thermally sensitive substrates. We discuss the performance of polymer molding as a patterning technique for thin-film microstructures on both planar substrates and on substrates with three-dimensional curvature.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Extracellular Vesicles Modulate the Glioblastoma Microenvironment via a Tumor Suppression Signaling Network Directed by miR-1 (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 154K, FIGURE S1 related to FIGURE2. Effect of miR-1 overexpression on GBM cells in vivo.&lt;/p&gt;
INFLAMMATORY MEDIATOR RELEASE FROM HUMAN MONOCYTES VIA IMMOBILIZED Fc RECEPTORS (1992)

Human monocytes released superoxide anion, IL-1, and TNF subsequent to binding of their Fc receptor I to murine IgG2a or rabbit IgG. Fc receptor II binding to murine IgG2b or IgG1 had similar consequences. Immobilized murine monoclonal antibodies, IgG2a anti-CD3 (OKT3) or IgG1 anti-CD44 also induced superoxide anion and monokine production. Monocytes bound OKT3 via FcRI and responded to immobilized OKT3 by inflammatory mediator release in the absence of T cells. These results suggest that direct interaction of immunoglobulins with monocytes via FcR may represent an important phase of the pathophysiology of adverse reactions to systemic monoclonal antibodies.