gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fusion of Spectral and Structural Information from Aerial Images for Improved Biomass Estimation (2020)

Efficient, precise and timely measurement of plant traits is important in the assessment of a breeding population. Estimating crop biomass in breeding trials using high-throughput technologies is difficult, as reproductive and senescence stages do not relate to reflectance spectra, and multiple growth stages occur concurrently in diverse genotypes. Additionally, vegetation indices (VIs) saturate at high canopy coverage, and vertical growth profiles are difficult to capture using VIs. A novel approach was implemented involving a fusion of complementary spectral and structural information, to calculate intermediate metrics such as crop height model (CHM), crop coverage (CC) and crop volume (CV), which were finally used to calculate dry (DW) and fresh (FW) weight of above-ground biomass in wheat. The intermediate metrics, CHM (R2 = 0.81, SEE = 4.19 cm) and CC (OA = 99.2%, Κ = 0.98) were found to be accurate against equivalent ground truth measurements. The metrics CV and CV×VIs were used to develop an effective and accurate linear regression model relationship with DW (R2 = 0.96 and SEE = 69.2 g/m2) and FW (R2 = 0.89 and SEE = 333.54 g/m2). The implemented approach outperformed commonly used VIs for estimation of biomass at all growth stages in wheat. The achieved results strongly support the applicability of the proposed approach for high-throughput phenotyping of germplasm in wheat and other crop species.
19. FATTY INFILTRATION AND ATROPHY OF THE SUPRASPINATUS MUSCLE IN ROTATOR CUFF TEARS (2011)

Purpose of the study: Fatty infiltration and atrophy of rotator cuff muscles is an important prognostic factor for anatomic healing and function after repair. The purpose of this study was to analyse factors influencing the development and progression of the supraspinatus muscle and to search for correlation between infiltration and atrophy. Material and method: Preoperative arthroscans and MRI series for 1688 patients with rotator cuff tears were reviewed. We searched for correlations between fatty infiltration of the supraspinatus muscle and gender, age at imaging, size of the tear, onset (trauma or not), and time from symptom onset to imaging. Fatty infiltration was noted according to the Goutallier classification and on the MRI using the classification adapted by Fuchs. For the statistical analysis, fatty infiltration was considered minor for grades 0 and 1, moderate for grade 2 and severe for grades 3 and 4. Muscle atrophy was assessed using the tangent sign. Results: Fatty infiltration of the supraspinatus increased significantly with the size of the tendon tear (p Discussion: Surgical treatment should be undertaken before the appearance of moderate (grade 2) fatty infiltration and atrophy (positive tangent sign). Conclusion: Moderate fatty infiltration of the supraspinatus develops on average three years after onset of symptoms.
Silicate‐Containing Sodium Beta‐Alumina Solid Electrolytes (1978)

Sodium beta‐alumina solid electrolytes were prepared containing up to 7.5 wt% SiO 2 and their density, soda content, micro‐structure, and ionic resistivity were studied. The resulting microstructures have glassy sodium ahminosilicate phases inhomogeneously distributed. The glassy phase collects preferentially at triple grain junctions, but occasionally penetrates along some grain boundaries as a thin layer (10 to 20 Å). Alpha‐alumina is also present, especially with high silica content and when the samples are not protected with β‐alumina powder during sintering. The total specific ionic resistivity follows a dependence on silicate content typical of 2‐phase mixtures.
Silicon Nitride Chip-Based Coherent Supercontinuum for Highly Efficient Self-Referencing of a 1-GHz Diode-Pumped Solid-State Laser (2015)

The development of compact and low-cost frequency comb sources with large comb line spacings in the gigahertz range is motivated by numerous applications such as precision spectroscopy, frequency metrology or sensing [1,2]. Here, we present the broadest coherent supercontinuum spectra generated to date in a CMOScompatible silicon nitride (Si3N4) waveguide and demonstrate the first carrier-envelope offset (CEO) frequency (fCEO) detection of a modelocked 1-GHz diode-pumped solid-state laser (DPSSL) based on this platform. The SESAM-modelocked 1-GHz DPSSL consists of a 2-mm-long Yb:CaGdAlO4 (Yb:CALGO) laser crystal pumped with a spatially multimode laser diode (Fig. 1a) and can deliver pulses as short as 63 fs at a center wavelength of 1055 nm with 1.7 W of average output power [3]. The 7.5-mm-long Si3N4 spiral waveguide is oxide clad with a cross section of 690 nm by 900 nm, resulting in a group-velocity dispersion (GVD) profile with two zero-GVD points at 860 nm and 1300 nm. Figure 1b shows the spectral broadening obtained when launching pulses with a duration of 92 fs (17 nm FWHM spectral bandwidth) into the waveguide for coupled pulse energies ranging from 0.6 pJ to 36 pJ (coupling efficiency 15%). In order to characterize the spectral coherence of the entire supercontinuum, we perform a full-range spectral interference measurement using a free-space asymmetric Michelson interferometer, where one arm provides a delay corresponding to the pulse period [4]. Interference fringes on the optical spectrum analyzer (OSA) can be observed when the SC generated by subsequent pulses are coherent. The coherence is extracted from the fringe visibility as described in [4] and is near unity for the majority of the spectral bandwidth (Fig. 1c).
Method and apparatus for sizing and separating warp yarns using acoustical energy (2023)

A slashing process for preparing warp yarns for weaving operations including the steps of sizing and/or desizing the yarns in an acoustic resonance box and separating the yarns with a leasing apparatus comprised of a set of acoustically agitated lease rods. The sizing step includes immersing the yarns in a size solution contained in an acoustic resonance box. Acoustic transducers are positioned against the exterior of the box for generating an acoustic pressure field within the size solution. Ultrasonic waves that result from the acoustic pressure field continuously agitate the size solution to effect greater mixing and more uniform application and penetration of the size onto the yarns. The sized yarns are then separated by passing the warp yarns over and under lease rods. Electroacoustic transducers generate acoustic waves along the longitudinal axis of the lease rods, creating a shearing motion on the surface of the rods for splitting the yarns.
Silicon Carbide Power Diodes as Radiation Detectors (2006)

We have tested the radiation detection performance of Silicon Carbide (SiC) PIN diodes originally developed as high power diodes. These devices consist of 100 micron thick SiC grown epitaxially on SiC substrates. The size and thickness of the devices make them appropriate for a number of radiation detection applications. We tested 0.25 cm2 and 0.5 cm2 devices and obtained X-ray spectra under illumination with an Am-241 radioactive source. The spectra showed an energy resolution that was consistent with the resolution expected for the large capacitance of the device. Smaller devices with a diameter of 1 mm were also tested and produced spectra with a room temperature energy resolution of ~550 eV, which is consistent with the electronics limit for the capacitance of the small device. We measured the absolute charge generated by X-rays per KeV in SiC by comparing the charge generation with similar silicon devices and determined the energy required per electron hole pair in SiC to be 8.4 eV. We also performed radiation damage tests on these devices and found no significant loss in charge collection up to a photon dose of 100 MRad. Applications for these devices can be found in the fields of particle physics, nuclear physics, nuclear medicine, X-ray fluorescence, X-ray astronomy and X-ray navigation.
ChemInform Abstract: Fe(III)/Cu(II) Mediated 5‐ and 6‐exo Oxidative Ring Expansion/Cyclization of Cyclopropyl Ethers: Studies Towards Dictyol C and α‐Eudesmol. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Comparative Raman spectroscopy of nitromethane-h3, nitromethane-d3, and nitroethane up to 20 GPa (1998)

Nitromethane has been studied as a model of energetic alphatic nitro compounds. The initiation of the decomposition mechanism of nitromethane in the vicinity of its explosive decomposition pressure conditions has been studied under high static pressure at ambient temperature by Raman spectroscopy. The vibrational modes νa(NO2) and, to a lesser degree, νs(NO2) show a specific behavior at the solid (II)–solid (III) 7.5 GPa transition (at ambient temperature). A comparison of the Raman spectrum of nitromethane-h3 with new high pressure Raman spectroscopic results for nitromethane-d3 and nitroethane allows one to characterize the physico chemical behavior of these three compounds in relation to their detonic properties.
Tissue Engineering: Controlling Spatial Organization of Multiple Cell Types in Defined 3D Geometries (Adv. Mater. 41/2012) (2012)

Dynamic microwells are fabricated to control spatial organization of multiple cell types in defined geometries. These microwells exhibit temperature-dependent shape-changing characteristics at different temperatures, which are exploited to pattern multiple cell types at different temperatures. Different cell types are spatially distributed in circular and square microwells. The technique presented by Ali Khademhosseini, Robert Langer, and co-workers on page 5543 could be useful to recapitulate various native tissue microenvironments for applications in tissue engineering, cancer biology, developmental biology, and drug discovery.
Completion of isoniazid–rifapentine (3HP) for tuberculosis prevention among people living with HIV: Interim analysis of a hybrid type 3 effectiveness–implementation randomized trial (2021)

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03934931.
INGIDENGE-MANAGEMENT AND OUTCOME OF FEMORAL SHAFT FRACTURE-A STATE WIDE POPULATION BASED ANALYSIS OF 2805. ADULT PATIENTS IN A RURAL STATE (1993)

Fakhry, Samir M. MD; MD, Robert Rutledge; Dahners, Laurence E. MD; BS, David Kessler Author Information
Selection of radioimmunoconjugates for the therapy of well‐established or micrometastatic colon carcinoma (1997)

In order to optimize radioimmunotherapy (RAIT) as a cancer-treatment modality, it is necessary to select the appropriate radionuclide and antibody carrier. We evaluated the therapeutic potential of a single cycle of Mu-9 anti-CSAp monoclonal antibody (MAb) labeled with 3 different radionuclides, 131I, 90Y and 188Re. Intact antibodies and bivalent fragments with different blood clearance kinetics, normal organ distribution and varying tumor accretion and retention are also evaluated. Efficacy of treatment for large and small tumor burden was assessed in nude mice bearing s.c. GW-39 human colonic-carcinoma xenografts or intrapulmonary micrometastatic GW-39 colonies at the maximal tolerated dose of each agent. The magnitude and duration of myelosuppression associated with each radioantibody was considered by monitoring peripheral blood counts, marrow colony-forming unit activity and hematopoietic tissue weight. Radiation-dose estimates were calculated based on the kinetics of antibody accretion and elimination from tumor and normal tissues, and the results were correlated with tumoricidal activity and dose-limiting toxicity results. These studies, therefore, represent a detailed analysis, in a well-defined experimental tumor system, of several parameters (antibody form, radioisotope, tumor size) influencing the overall outcome of RAIT using equitoxic doses. It was found that myelosuppression is the primary dose-limiting toxicity for all radioantibodies except 90Y-F(ab′)2, even though the different agents showed varied organ distribution. In a single-cycle treatment schedule of Mu-9 MAb, the 131I-labeled IgG is the radioimmunoconjugate of choice for the treatment of s.c. and intrapulmonary growth of the GW-39 human colonic-carcinoma xenograft in nude mice. Int. J. Cancer 72:477–485, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A virtual valve for smooth contamination-free flow switching (2007)

We present a channel geometry that allows for clean switching between different inlets of a microchip without any contamination of the inlets or the downstream flow. We drive this virtual valve with a pneumatic pressure setup that minimizes disturbance of the downstream flow during the switching procedure by simultaneous variation of the pressures applied to the different inlets. We assess the efficiency of the setup by spectroscopic measurement of downstream dye concentrations, and demonstrate its practical utility by sequentially constructing multiple layers of alginate hydrogel. The method is potentially useful for a whole series of further applications, such as changing perfusion liquids for cell culture and cell analysis, metering, chemical-reaction initiation and multi-sample chromatography, to name a few.
A dual spiral antenna for wideband capsule endoscope system (2007)

In this paper, a dual spiral antenna for wideband capsule endoscope system is introduced. This dual resonance structure is composed of two different spiral elements and single feed wire connects these elements. When a spiral antenna is used as capsule endoscope system, a small sized antenna is required because capsule is small enough to be swallowed. The impedance bandwidth of the proposed antenna is 98 MHz and it has isotropic radiation pattern. Therefore, the proposed dual spiral antenna is suitable for wideband capsule endoscope system.
Broadband C- plus L-band double-ring fiber laser based on a two-stage hybrid amplifier (2005)

A stable and wavelength-tunable C- plus L-band fiber double-ring laser, which uses a two-stage hybrid amplifier with a semiconductor optical amplifier and an erbium-doped fiber amplifier, has been proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Based on the double-ring configuration, the proposed fiber ring laser exhibits more stable output wavelengths and powers than the single-ring laser. A wide tunable range of 1540 to 1620 nm, a side-mode suppression ratio (SMSR) of >31.2 dB/0.05 nm over a wide tuning range from 1550 to 1612 nm, and an output power of >2 dBm over the operation range of 1546 to 1608 nm have been achieved.
Expression of mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) during porcine gametogenesis and preimplantation embryo development (2008)

Mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) is responsible for stability, maintenance, and transcriptional control of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). We have studied the expression and distribution of TFAM in the gametes and preimplantation embryos of the domestic pig (Sus scrofa). We hypothesized that TFAM is not present in the boar sperm mitochondria to reduce the possibility of paternal mtDNA propagation in the progeny. In contrast, we anticipated that Tfam gene is expressed in a developmental stage-dependent manner in porcine oocytes and embryos. The appropriate TFAM band of 25 kDa was detected by Western blotting in ejaculated boar spermatozoa, as well as in porcine oocytes and zygotes. Boar sperm extracts also displayed several bands >25 kDa suggestive of post-translational modification by ubiquitination, confirmed by affinity purification of ubiquitinated proteins. TFAM immunoreactivity was relegated to the sperm tail principal piece and sperm head in fully differentiated spermatozoa. The content of Tfam mRNA increased considerably from the germinal vesicle to blastocyst stage and also between in vitro fertilized and cultured blastocysts compared to in vivo-derived blastocysts. TFAM protein accumulated in the oocytes during maturation and was reduced by proteolysis after fertilization. This pattern was not mirrored in parthenogenetically activated oocytes and zygotes reconstructed by SCNT, suggesting deviant processing of TFAM protein and transcript after oocyte/embryo manipulation. Thus, TFAM may exert a critical role in porcine gametogenesis and preimplantation embryo development. Altogether, our data on the role of TFAM in mitochondrial function and inheritance have broad implications for cell physiology and evolutionary biology.
Modeling tissue‐relevant Caenorhabditis elegans metabolism at network, pathway, reaction, and metabolite levels (2020)

Metabolism is a highly compartmentalized process that provides building blocks for biomass generation during development, homeostasis, and wound healing, and energy to support cellular and organismal processes. In metazoans, different cells and tissues specialize in different aspects of metabolism. However, studying the compartmentalization of metabolism in different cell types in a whole animal and for a particular stage of life is difficult. Here, we present MEtabolic models Reconciled with Gene Expression (MERGE), a computational pipeline that we used to predict tissue-relevant metabolic function at the network, pathway, reaction, and metabolite levels based on single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) data from the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Our analysis recapitulated known tissue functions in C. elegans, captured metabolic properties that are shared with similar tissues in human, and provided predictions for novel metabolic functions. MERGE is versatile and applicable to other systems. We envision this work as a starting point for the development of metabolic network models for individual cells as scRNA-seq continues to provide higher-resolution gene expression data.
A possible solution to the which-way problem of quantum interference (2021)

It is commonly assumed that the observation of an interference pattern is incompatible with any information about the path taken by a quantum particle. Here we show that, contrary to this assumption, the experimentally observable effects of small polarization rotations applied in the slits of a double slit experiment indicate that individual particles passing the slits before their detection in the interference pattern are physically delocalized with regard to their interactions with the local polarization rotations. The rate at which the polarization is flipped to the orthogonal state is a direct measure of the fluctuations of the polarization rotation angles experienced by each particle. Particles detected in the interference maxima experience no fluctuations at all, indicating a presence of exactly one half of the particle in each slit, while particles detected close to the minima experience polarization rotations much larger than the local rotations, indicating a negative presence in one of the slits and a presence of more than one in the other.
Feature Augmented Hybrid CNN for Stress Recognition Using Wrist-based Photoplethysmography Sensor (2021)

Stress is a physiological state that hampers mental health and has serious consequences to physical health. Moreover, the COVID-19 pandemic has increased stress levels among people across the globe. Therefore, continuous monitoring and detection of stress are necessary. The recent advances in wearable devices have allowed the monitoring of several physiological signals related to stress. Among them, wrist-worn wearable devices like smartwatches are most popular due to their convenient usage. And the photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor is the most prevalent sensor in almost all consumer-grade wrist-worn smartwatches. Therefore, this paper focuses on using a wrist-based PPG sensor that collects Blood Volume Pulse (BVP) signals to detect stress which may be applicable for consumer-grade wristwatches. Moreover, state-of-the-art works have used either classical machine learning algorithms to detect stress using hand-crafted features or have used deep learning algorithms like Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) which automatically extracts features. This paper proposes a novel hybrid CNN (H-CNN) classifier that uses both the hand-crafted features and the automatically extracted features by CNN to detect stress using the BVP signal. Evaluation on the benchmark WESAD dataset shows that, for 3-class classification (Baseline vs. Stress vs. Amusement), our proposed H-CNN outperforms traditional classifiers and normal CNN by 5% and 7% accuracy, and 10% and 7% macro F1 score, respectively. Also for 2-class classification (Stress vs. Non-stress), our proposed H-CNN outperforms traditional classifiers and normal CNN by 3% and ~5% accuracy, and ~3% and ~7% macro F1 score, respectively.
Exponential quantum speedup in simulating coupled classical oscillators (2023)

We present a quantum algorithm for simulating the classical dynamics of $2^n$ coupled oscillators (e.g., $2^n$ masses coupled by springs). Our approach leverages a mapping between the Schrödinger equation and Newton's equation for harmonic potentials such that the amplitudes of the evolved quantum state encode the momenta and displacements of the classical oscillators. When individual masses and spring constants can be efficiently queried, and when the initial state can be efficiently prepared, the complexity of our quantum algorithm is polynomial in $n$, almost linear in the evolution time, and sublinear in the sparsity. As an example application, we apply our quantum algorithm to efficiently estimate the kinetic energy of an oscillator at any time. We show that any classical algorithm solving this same problem is inefficient and must make $2^{Ω(n)}$ queries to the oracle and, when the oracles are instantiated by efficient quantum circuits, the problem is BQP-complete. Thus, our approach solves a potentially practical application with an exponential speedup over classical computers. Finally, we show that under similar conditions our approach can efficiently simulate more general classical harmonic systems with $2^n$ modes.
Natalizumab for moderate to severe Crohnʼs disease in clinical practice: The Mayo Clinic Rochester experience (2012)

In our experience with natalizumab in clinical practice, adverse events were manageable and did not result in treatment cessation. No PML cases were seen and clinical response was similar to that in clinical trials. Natalizumab results in clinical benefit in patients who have active disease and have failed anti-TNF therapy.
Induced Tritrichomonas foetus infection in beef heifers (1990)

Summary Four virgin beef heifers were inoculated intravaginally with 7 × 10 6 Tritrichomonas foetus organisms. Protozoal colonization of the vagina, cervix, and uterus developed within the first week after inoculation. Protozoa were no longer detected in secretions from these regions at approximately the same time in each heifer. Trichomonads were detected in reproductive tract secretions for 13 to 28 weeks. Eight weeks after clearance of trichomonads from the reproductive tract, a second infection was established in 2 of the 4 heifers by intravaginal inoculation of T foetus. The second infections were maintained for up to 4 weeks. The diagnostic sensitivity of wet-mount examination of the reproductive tract secretions was 30%, compared with 78% for culture of trichomonads in secretions. Collection and culturing of specimens of cervical and vaginal mucus provided the most reliable method for diagnosis of trichomoniasis during induced infection of heifers.