gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Validation of a Numerical Indicator of Microbial Contamination for Karst Springs (2010)

Rapid changes in spring water quality in karst areas due to rapid recharge of bacterially contaminated water are a major concern for drinking water suppliers and users. The main objective of this study was to use field experiments with fecal indicators to verify the vulnerability of a karst spring to pathogens, as determined by using a numerical modeling approach. The groundwater modeling was based on linear storage models that can be used to simulate karst water flow. The vulnerability of the karst groundwater is estimated using such models to calculate criteria that influence the likelihood of spring water being affected by microbial contamination. Specifically, the temporal variation in the vulnerability, depending on rainfall events and overall recharge conditions, can be assessed and quantified using the dynamic vulnerability index (DVI). DVI corresponds to the ratio of conduit to diffuse flow contributions to spring discharge. To evaluate model performance with respect to predicted vulnerability, samples from a spring were analyzed for Escherichia coli, enterococci, Clostridium perfringens, and heterotrophic plate count bacteria during and after several rainfall events. DVI was shown to be an indication of the risk of fecal contamination of spring water with sufficient accuracy to be used in drinking water management. We conclude that numerical models are a useful tool for evaluating the vulnerability of karst systems to pathogens under varying recharge conditions.
BaI product state distribution from the reaction Ba+CF3I (1986)

Under single-collision beam–gas scattering conditions the Ba+CF3I→Bal+CF3 reaction has been studied using laser induced fluorescence to detect the BaI X 2∑+ product. The resulting BaI C 2Π–X 2∑+ excitation spectrum has a complex appearance owing to the similarity of the upper and lower state rotational constants, causing a reversal in band shading, and owing to a predissociation in the upper state, causing a break off in the fluorescence of high vibrational levels in each spin-orbit subband. From the predissociation onset an upper bound of 78.5±0.5 kcal/mol is placed on the BaI bond energy. The vibrational population distribution is shown to be bell shaped, peaking near v″=50, and accounts for most of the available energy. The average energy appearing in BaI rotation decreases with increasing BaI vibrational excitation. The BaI rotational distribution has a width comparable to that of the vibrational distribution.
Full-wave simulation of the forward scattering of sound in a structured ocean: A comparison with observations (1999)

Between 1983 and 1989, acoustic pulse-like signals at 133-Hz, 60-ms resolution, were transmitted from Oahu to Northern California. Analysis of the data indicates that the early arriving, steep paths are stable over basin scales, whereas the late, near-axial paths are sensitive to ocean structure. The late paths undergo vertical scattering on the order of the acoustic waveguide, i.e., 1 km [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 99, 173–184 (1996)]. The parabolic approximation is used to simulate pulse propagation over the vertical plane connecting the source and receiver. Several prescriptions are used for the speed of sound: (1) Climatologically averaged sound speed with and without a realization of internal waves superposed; (2) Measured mesoscale structure with and without a realization of internal waves superposed. The spectrum of the internal waves is given by Garrett and Munk. Modeled internal waves and the measured mesoscale structure are sufficient to explain the vertical scattering of sound by 1 km. The mesoscale structure contributes a travel time bias of 0.6 s for the late multipath. This bias is seen to be a relevant contribution in accounting for the travel times of the last arrival.
Kinetics and mechanism of iron exchange in a hydroxamate siderophore analogue complex (1993)

The kinetics of iron release from the dinuclear iron(III) complex of piperazine-1,4-bis(N-methylaceto-hydroxamic acid), upon treatment with ethylenediaminetetraacetate (edta) has been studied using UV/VIS absorption spectrophotometry. The absorbance vs. time evolution of the complex is well described by a consecutive two-step reaction mechanism. The rate constants for removal of the first and the second iron(III) ions have different dependences on the edta concentration. This is attributed to different conformations of the ligand involved in the co-ordination of di-and mono-iron(III) complexes. The increase in the rate constants with the acidity of the medium probably results from changes in conformation and the degree of co-ordination of the complexes. The results are compared with published studies for iron release from transferrins.
Programmable frequency excision and adaptive filtering with a GaAs/AlGaAs/GaAs heterojunction photoconductor array (1990)

The first demonstration of acousto-optical excision using a GaAs photodetector array is reported. A maximum isolation of 40 dB was obtamed using a six element GaAs interdigitated finger double heterojunction photoconductor array. The center frequency was 45 MHz, and the swept bandwidth was 6 MHz. The response of discrete GaAs heterojunction photoconductors was linear with bias voltage, potentially making them useful for performing multiplication functions in optical analog filters. New concepts of using these photoconductors for optical adaptive filters are presented.
Perspectives on Using Physcomitrella Patens as an Alternative Production Platform for Thapsigargin and Other Terpenoid Drug Candidates (2009)

To overcome the potential future demand for terpenoids used as drugs, a new production platform is currently being established in our laboratory. The moss Physcomitrella has been chosen as the candidate organism for production of drug candidates based on terpenoids derived from plants, with a primary focus on the sesquiterpene lactone, thapsigargin. This drug candidate and other candidates/drugs with sesquiterpene skeleton are difficult to obtain by chemical synthesis due to their large number of chiral centers. Furthermore, they are not available in sufficient amounts from their original plant. The requirement for a new production system to meet the potential market demand for these compounds is not only obvious, but also essential if sufficient quantities of the drug candidates are to be available for the potential therapeutic use.
Efficient Blue Electrophosphorescence and Hyperphosphorescence Generated by Bis-tridentate Iridium(III) Complexes (2022)

Four blue-emissive iridium(III) complexes bearing a 3,3'-(1,3-phenylene)bis[1-isopropyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)-3<i>H</i>-imidazo[4,5-<i>b</i>]pyridin-2-ylidene]-based pincer chelate, which are derived from PX<i>n</i>·H<sub>3</sub>(PF<sub>6</sub>)<sub>2</sub>, where <i>n</i> = 1-4, and a cyclometalating chelate given from 9-[6-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2λ<sup>2</sup>-pyrazol-3-yl]pyridin-2-yl]-9<i>H</i>-carbazole [(PzpyCz)H<sub>2</sub>], were successfully synthesized and employed as both an emissive dopant and a sensitizer in the fabrication of organic light-emitting diode (OLED) devices. These functional chelates around a Ir<sup>III</sup> atom occupied two mutually orthogonal coordination arrangements and adopted the so-called bis-tridentate architectures. Theoretical studies confirmed the dominance of the electronic transition by the pincer chelates, while the dianionic PzpyCz chelate was only acting as a spectator group. Phosphorescent OLED devices with [Ir(PX3)(PzpyCz)] (<b>B3</b>) as the dopant gave a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 21.93% and CIE<sub><i>xy</i></sub> of (0.144, 0.157) and was subjected to only ∼10% of roll-off in efficiency at a high current density of 1000 cd m<sup>-2</sup>. Blue-emissive narrow-band hyperphosphorescence was also obtained using <b>B3</b> as an assistant sensitizer and ν-DABNA as a terminal emitter, giving both an improved EQE of 26.17% and CIE<sub><i>xy</i></sub> of (0.116, 0.144), confirming efficient Förster resonance energy transfer in this hyperdevice.
Neutronics Optimization of UN Fuel Pin Assemblies for a Sodium-Cooled, Small Modular Reactor (2011)

This paper presents preliminary results of neutronics and thermal-hydraulics design analysis of a sodium cooled, small modular reactor (SMR). The reactor’s nominal thermal power is 150 MWth at sodium inlet and exit temperatures of 630 and 780 K. The reactor core is comprised of three rings of shrouded hexagonal assemblies of 19.8% enriched UN fuel pins and a hexagonal assembly of enriched B4C pins in the central cavity for a coarse reactivity control. The objectives are to provide enough excess reactivity for achieving a refueling cycle &gt; 5 year, maintaining a more even coolant flow in the core assemblies and keeping the peak centerline temperature of UN fuel pins &lt; 1300 K. Fuel assemblies with scalloped shroud walls, 4 rings and 1.942 cm diameter fuel pins with p/d = 1.098 are selected for the reference design of the present SMR. In this design, peak fuel centerline temperature is only 1240 K and the beginning-of-life, cold-clean excess reactivity is $26.67.
Weak localization and percolation effects in annealed In2O3-ZnO thin films (2011)

We have investigated the temperature T and magnetic field H dependences of the sheet resistance R□ of thin (In2O3)0.975-(ZnO)0.025 films with different resistivities and carrier densities prepared by postannealing in air at various annealing temperatures Ta. Regarding the magnetoconductance Δσ(H) ≡ 1/R□(H) − 1/R□(0) of films with large values of sheet resistance R□, agreement between weak localization theory and the data cannot be obtained for any value of the localization length $L_{{\rm in}} (T) = \sqrt {D\tau _{{\rm in}} (T)}$L in (T)=Dτ in (T), where D and τin are the diffusion constant and inelastic scattering time, respectively. Taking account of the inhomogeneous morphology confirmed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) observation, we introduced the effective sheet resistance R□eff given by R□eff = α × R□meas., where the strength of reduction factor α is less than unit, α ⩽ 1. Using a suitable value of α(Ta), we successfully fitted the theory to data for Δσeff(H, T), regarding Lin2(T) as a fitting parameter in the region 2.0 K⩽T ⩽ 50 K. It was confirmed that the rate 1/τin(T) is given by the sum of the electron-electron and electron-phonon inelastic scattering rates.
Anode‐Supported Tubular Micro‐Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (2007)

A tubular anode‐supported “micro‐solid oxide fuel cell” (μSOFC) has been developed for producing high volumetric power density (VPD) SOFC systems featuring rapid turn on/off capability. An electrophoretic deposition (EPD)‐based, facile manufacturing process is being refined to produce the anode support, anode functional and electrolyte layers of a single cell. μSOFCs (diameter &lt;5 mm) have two main potential advantages, a substantial increase in the electrolyte surface area per unit volume of a stack and also rapid start‐up. As fuel cell power is directly proportional to the active electrolyte surface area, a μSOFC stack can substantially increase the VPD of an SOFC device. A decrease in tube diameter allows for a reduction in wall thickness without any degradation of a cell's mechanical properties. Owing to its thin wall, a μSOFC has an extremely high thermal shock resistance and low thermal mass. These two characteristics are fundamental in reducing start‐up and turn‐off time for the SOFC stack. Traditionally, SOFC has not been considered for portable applications due to its high thermal mass and low thermal shock resistance (start‐up time in hours), but with μSOFCs' potential for rapid start‐up, new possibilities for portable and transportable applications open up.
Innovative practices session 7C: Self-calibration & trimming (2013)

Critical Path Monitors (CPM) are a way of modeling the frequency response of a microprocessor to voltage, environment, workload, and other operating point changes. When coupled with a frequency controller, the CPM gives the microprocessor the ability to adjust its frequency to match the current operating environment. This allows for more efficient designs since voltage and frequency margins required to compensate for voltage droops, di/dt events, temperature changes, and other noise events are no longer needed. Calibration is key to functional Critical Path Monitors. Calibration compensates for process variation and pulls the CPM in-line with the hardware it is controlling. In this talk the CPM, frequency control loop, and calibration methodology of the Power7+ microprocessor is described. The CPM models frequency response well enough, after calibration, to allow for a 22% margin reduction. Our measurements demonstrate the value of the CPM for modeling frequency response that can be applied to DVFS microprocessors with the potential to reduce development and test times and to make systems more resilient.
Etching of Colloidal InP Nanocrystals with Fluorides:  Photochemical Nature of the Process Resulting in High Photoluminescence Efficiency (2002)

The photoluminescence efficiency of InP nanocrystals prepared via the dehalosilylation reaction between indium chloride and tris-(trimethylsilyl)phosphine in mixtures of trioctylphosphine and trioctylphosphine oxide can be drastically improved by etching with fluorine compounds, as proposed several years ago by Micic et al. A systematic study reported in this communication revealed the pure photochemical nature of this etching process and allowed to improve considerably its reproducibility and reliability. Applying the HF treatment in combination with size-selective photoetching allows to vary the mean size of InP nanocrystals from ∼1.7 nm to 6.5 nm, resulting in monodisperse colloids with band-edge luminescence tunable from green to near-IR and room-temperature quantum yields in the range of 20−40%.
Effect of Recycling on Fire Retardancy of Intumescent Polypropylene Based Blends (2004)

This work deals with the effect of recycling on halogen-free flame retarded polypropylene blends. The intumescent ammonium polyphosphate/polyamide-6/polypropylene blend is considered. The study of the fire properties using cone calorimeter shows a decrease in the fire performance. Recycling the blends induces chemical modifications of polymer and additives. The chemical modifications due to the recycling are investigated by solid state 31 P NMR. It is shown that APP is degraded. These modifications induce a loss of the ammonium contents, which could explain the decrease in the fire performance.
Nonanaphylactic synthetic peptides derived from B cell epitopes of the major grass pollen allergen, Phl p 1, for allergy vaccination (2001)

Worldwide more than 200 million individuals are allergic to group 1 grass pollen allergens. We have used the major timothy grass pollen allergen Phl p 1, which cross-reacts with most grass-, corn-, and monocot-derived group 1 allergens to develop a generally applicable strategy for the production of hypoallergenic allergy vaccines. On the basis of the experimentally determined B cell epitopes of Phl p 1, we have synthesized five synthetic peptides. These peptides are derived from the major Phl p 1 IgE epitopes and were between 28-32 amino acids long. We demonstrate by nuclear magnetic resonance that the peptides exhibit no secondary and tertiary structure and accordingly failed to bind IgE antibodies from grass pollen allergic patients. The five peptides, as well as an equimolar mixture thereof, lacked allergenic activity as demonstrated by basophil histamine release and skin test experiments in grass pollen allergic patients. When used as immunogens in mice and rabbits, the peptides induced protective IgG antibodies, which recognized the complete Phl p 1 wild-type allergen and group 1 allergens from other grass species. Moreover, peptide-induced antibodies inhibited the binding of grass pollen allergic patients IgE antibodies to the wild-type allergen. We thus demonstrate that synthetic hypoallergenic peptides derived from B cell epitopes of major allergens represent safe vaccine candidates for the treatment of IgE- mediated allergies.
[Work-related musculoskeletal trauma]. (2014)

The number of labor accident casualties between 2003 and 2012 has ranged from 110,000 to 130,000 per year in Japan. Japan Advanced Trauma Evaluation and Care (JATEC) program was established for major trauma and has been developed in emergency rooms. Surgical intervention to fractures in extremities includes various methods such as internal fixation with plates and screws including locking compression plate system, interlocking nailing system and external fixation. Definitive treatment for spinal cord injury is still unsolved. Cell transplantation therapy using iPS cells is anticipated to be applied clinically. Some problems still remain in the certification criteria for residual disabilities caused by labor accidents. The criteria should be revised at some early date.
An immunomodulator used to protect young in the pouch of the Tammar wallaby, Macropus eugenii (2005)

Eugenin [pGluGlnAspTyr(SO(3))ValPheMetHisProPhe-NH(2)] has been isolated from the pouches of female Tammar wallabies (Macropus eugenii) carrying young in the early lactation period. The sequence of eugenin has been determined using a combination of positive and negative ion electrospray mass spectrometry. This compound bears some structural resemblance to the mammalian neuropeptide cholecystokinin 8 [AspTyr(SO(3))MetGlyTrpMetAspPhe-NH(2)] and to the amphibian caerulein peptides [caerulein: pGluGlnAspTyr(SO(3))ThrGlyTrpMetAspPhe-NH(2)]. Eugenin has been synthesized by a route which causes only minor hydrolysis of the sulfate group when the peptide is removed from the resin support. Biological activity tests with eugenin indicate that it contracts smooth muscle at a concentration of 10(-9) M, and enhances the proliferation of splenocytes at 10(-7) M, probably via activation of CCK(2) receptors. The activity of eugenin on splenocytes suggests that it is an immunomodulator peptide which plays a role in the protection of pouch young.
Multiscale Modeling as a Tool for the Prediction of Catalytic Performances: The Case of n-Heptane Hydroconversion in a Large-Pore Zeolite (2022)

The optimization of predictive kinetic models for catalytic processes is a topical challenge. In the present work, a predictive multiscale single-event microkinetic model based on the data obtained by density functional theory (DFT) calculation for n-heptane hydroconversion in large-pore zeolites has been obtained. It was validated by a large set of kinetic data obtained by high-throughput kinetic experiments, performed with a well-balanced Pt/Beta zeolite catalyst. DFT calculations show that secondary cations are much less stable than tertiary cations and adsorbed alkenes. This is of prime importance in the quantification of type B isomerization reaction barriers depending on the type of the carbenium ion. Cracking reaction barriers are also strongly affected by the nature of the cation that cracks and that of the cracking products. The agreement between simulated and experimental kinetic data is satisfactory, showing the reliability of the multiscale kinetic approach. Only a few parameters were adjusted to improve the correspondence with experiments. The analysis of the simulated coverage demonstrates a very low proportion of acidic sites involved in the adsorption and further reactions in the relevant experimental conditions. When these occur, tertiary carbenium ion intermediates appear in a significantly higher concentration with respect to other species. This works opens the route to a better prediction of the catalytic performance of large-pore zeolites in alkane hydroconversion.
Single-shot quantitative dispersion phase microscopy (2012)

We present an imaging modality capable of providing high-speed optical dispersion measurements of live cells. The technique permits wide-field measurement of the optical phase shifts introduced by a sample for multiple discrete wavelengths in a single image capture. Utilizing spatial modulation and the wavelength dependence of the interference-fringe spacing, average refractive index as a function of wavelength is obtained, yielding optical dispersion measurements of the sample under observation. Because of its simple and low-cost design, the technique can be readily integrated into a standard microscope to collect additional diagnostic information about biological cells.
Boron Nitride Nanotubes Are Noncytotoxic and Can Be Functionalized for Interaction with Proteins and Cells (2009)

We report the discovery that boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs), isosteres of CNTs with unique physical properties, are inherently noncytotoxic. Furthermore, we developed a biomemetic coating strategy to interface BNNTs with proteins and cells. Finally, we showed that BNNTs can deliver DNA oligomers to the interior of cells with no apparent toxicity. This work suggests that BNNTs may be superior to CNTs for use as biological probes and in biomaterials.
PERFORMANCE LEVEL 1 BRIDGE RAILINGS (1995)

Twenty-three states, FHWA, and the District of Columbia sponsored the project Testing of New Bridge Rail and Transition Designs that was completed in September 1993. Bridge railing for Performance Levels 1, 2, and 3, as specified in the 1989 American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials Guide Specifications for Bridge Railings, were tested under the contract. This paper discusses the design and performance of the two bridge railings tested at Performance Level 1. The Oregon side-mounted railing has been used on small bridges on low-volume rural roads and is typically mounted on prestressed deck planks. The W6 X 15 posts are mounted on the side face of exterior planks, and a single thickness of 10-gauge thrie beam is mounted to the posts without blockouts. Height to the top of the rail element is 690 mm (27 in.). The BR27D railing design consists of a concrete parapet with a metal beam-and-post railing mounted on top of the parapet. For testing, it was mounted both on top of a sidewalk and flush on the deck.
Automated texture mapping of 3D city models with oblique aerial imagery (2004)

This work describes an approach to texture mapping a 3D city model obtained from aerial and ground-based laser scans with oblique aerial imagery. First, the images are automatically registered by matching 2D image lines with projections of 3D lines from the city model. Then, for each triangle in the model, the optimal image is selected by taking into account occlusion, image resolution, surface normal orientation, and coherence with neighboring triangles. Finally, the utilized texture patches from all images are combined into one texture atlas for compact representation and efficient rendering. We evaluate our approach on a data set of downtown Berkeley.