gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Learning Large Causal Structures from Inverse Covariance Matrix via Sparse Matrix Decomposition (2022)

Learning causal structures from observational data is a fundamental problem facing important computational challenges when the number of variables is large. In the context of linear structural equation models (SEMs), this paper focuses on learning causal structures from the inverse covariance matrix. The proposed method, called ICID for Independence-preserving Decomposition from Inverse Covariance matrix, is based on continuous optimization of a matrix decomposition model that preserves the nonzero patterns of the inverse covariance matrix. Through theoretical and empirical evidences, we show that ICID efficiently identifies the sought directed acyclic graph (DAG) assuming the knowledge of noise variances. Moreover, ICID is shown empirically to be robust under bounded misspecification of noise variances in the case where the noise variances are non-equal. The proposed method enjoys a low complexity, as reflected by its time efficiency in the experiments, and also enables a novel regularization scheme that yields highly accurate solutions on the Simulated fMRI data (Smith et al., 2011) in comparison with state-of-the-art algorithms.
The Potential of Gene Therapy for Osteogenesis Imperfecta (2000)

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a heterogeneous group of genetic disorders that affect connective tissue integrity, with bone fragility being the cardinal feature. Evidence of this debilitating disorder dates back to 1000 B.C. Skeletons of mummies from this period reveal abnormal growth patterns similar to those of OI patients. Ivar the Boneless, the Danish prince who led the Scandinavian invasion of England, was believed to have such severe OI that he had to be carried into battle on a shield because he was unable to walk. The hallmarks of OI include bone fragility, osteoporosis, dentinogenesis imperfecta, blue sclera, easy bruising, joint laxity, and scoliosis. The severity of OI symptoms ranges from prenatal death to mild osteopenia without limb deformity. Variations in the clinical manifestations of OI relate directly to the heterogeneity of genetic defects in type I collagen genes (Ibsen 1967; Kuiviniemi, Tromp, and Prockop 1991). Although bone fragility is the hallmark of OI, other tissues in which type I collagen is the primary structural protein are also affected. These include skin, tendon, ligament, and dentin. Diagnosis is based upon clinical, genetic, and radiographic findings. The incidence of OI ranges from 1 per 20,000 to 1 per 50,000 live births (Ashton et al. 1980; Byers and Steiner 1992). There is no predilection for race, gender, or ethnic origin.
Diamond Radio Receiver: Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers as Fluorescent Transducers of Microwave Signals (2016)

The nitrogen-vacancy (N-$V$) center is a lattice defect in diamond, consisting of a substitutional nitrogen atom and an adjacent vacancy. This study exploits the electron-spin-dependent photoluminescence of N-$V$ centers to use them as radio receivers. The centers transduce frequency-modulated (FM) microwave radio signals to amplitude-modulated (AM) optical fluorescence signals. This effect has potential for photonics, quantum information processing, microwave applications, and wireless communication, even in extreme environments.
A Unified Approach to Dual Gabor Windows (2007)

In this paper, we describe a new method for studying the invertibility of Gabor frame operators. Our approach can be applied to both the continuous (on R <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</sup> ) and the finite discrete setting. In the latter case, we obtain algorithms for directly computing the inverse of Gabor frame-type matrices equivalent to those known in the literature. The framework we propose can also be used to derive other (known) results in Gabor theory in a unified way such as the Zibulski-Zeevi representation. The approach we suggest is based on an adequate splitting of the twisted convolution, which, in turn, provides another twisted convolution on a finite cyclic group. By analogy with the twisted convolution of finite discrete signals, we derive a mapping between the sequence space and a matrix algebra which preserves the algebraic structure. In this way, the invertibility problem reduces to the analysis of finite matrices whose entries are sequences supported on corresponding cosets. Using Cramer's rule and proving Wiener's lemma for this special class of matrices, we obtain an invertibility criterion that can be applied to a variety of different settings. This alternative approach provides further insight into Gabor frames, as well as a unified framework for Gabor analysis
GaAs optoelectronic neuron circuits fabricated through MOSIS (1993)

GaAs MESFET (Metal-Semiconductor-Field-Effect Transistors) circuits available through the MOSIS service have been shown to be stable with no significant change in the Schottky gate or ohmic contact properties after 3 hours at 525°C ± 10°C. This allows one to build high density complex electronic circuitry with optical inputs and optical outputs by using lowered temperature MBE regrowth for the optical sources.
Experimental and Numerical Study of Water-Gas Imbibition Phenomena in Vuggy Carbonates (2004)

Abstract Tight gas carbonate fields are often faced with early water breakthrough in the presence of fractures connected with an active aquifer. The recovery assessment from such fields requires to take into account the role played by water imbibition of the matrix which, depending on the fracture density and rock properties, can significantly delay water breakthrough. The prediction of such spontaneous imbibition phenomena requires experimental measurements and modeling in the case of rocks of complex porous structure like vuggy carbonates. This paper gives the results of such investigation on samples from a vuggy carbonate field. A thorough petrophysical characterization of the rock was first carried out, followed by water-gas imbibition experiments. Those experiments were finally simulated numerically to check the consistency of the experimental data set and further understand the fluid flow behaviour of those peculiar media. The porous structure of several samples was characterized from capillary pressure and NMR measurements. Spontaneous imbibition was found to be very slow, which required the implementation of a specific accurate measurement device. This slow kinetics was due to the very low mobility of water, which was measured separately as well. To explain this flow behavior, the peculiarity of the porous structure - fairly large vugs dispersed within a tight matrix with very small pore thresholds - is invoked. Simulations on a representative pore network model actually revealed that the flow ability of the water phase is considerably hindered in such type of medium. Finally, the spontaneous imbibition behavior was satisfactorily reproduced with single-porosity and dual-porosity models using the measured petrophysical parameters, thus showing the consistency of the measured data set. Gas production management from vuggy carbonate reservoirs subjected to water encroachment requires a specific evaluation of matrix imbibition phenomenon as the latter is ruled by unconventional flow parameters linked to the complex two-phase flow interactions between vugs and micropores in such media.
Regulation of the human retinoic acid receptor alpha gene in the estrogen receptor negative human breast carcinoma cell lines SKBR-3 and MDA-MB-435. (1996)

Estradiol-mediated enhancement of retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARalpha) expression in the estrogen receptor (ER)-positive human breast carcinoma (HBC) cells results in their sensitivity to RA-mediated growth inhibition (A. K. Rishi et al., Cancer Res., 55: 4999-5006, 1995). Most ER-negative HBCs are known to express lower levels of RARalpha and are resistant to RA-mediated inhibition of growth. We show that ER-negative SKBR-3 and MDA-MB-435 HBCs express approximately 2-fold higher levels of RARalpha isoform 1 mRNA when compared to the ER-negative MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 HBCs. SKBR-3 cells are sensitive to growth inhibition by RA, and by using RARalpha-selective synthetic retinoids, we demonstrate that the antiproliferative effects of RA in the SKBR-3 cell line are accomplished, in part, via activation of RARalpha. Both MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 HBCs are not growth inhibited by RA or any of the retinoids tested. Transient transfection experiments using a 5.0-kb RARalpha promoter fragment fused to the luciferase reporter gene showed 2-3-fold higher transcriptional activation in SKBR-3 cells when compared to MDA-MB-468 cells. We report identification of a 72-bp fragment of RARalpha promoter that contains unique cis elements responsible for mediating an estradiol-independent 2.5-fold enhancement of RARalpha gene expression in SKBR-3 and MDA-MB-435 cells.
Shining light on microbial signaling to distant organs (2019)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Improved Hall-Effect Sensors For Magnetic Memories (1993)

High-electron-mobility sensor films deposited on superlattice buffer (strain) layers. Improved Hall-effect sensors offer combination of adequate response and high speed needed for use in micromagnet/Hall-effect random-access memories. Hall-effect material chosen for use in sensors is InAs.
Structure-Based Mutagenesis of Sulfolobus Turreted Icosahedral Virus B204 Reveals Essential Residues in the Virion-Associated DNA-Packaging ATPase (2015)

STIV is a virus that infects a host from the domain Archaea that replicates in high-temperature, acidic environments. While STIV has many unique features, there exist several striking similarities between this virus and others that replicate in different environments and infect a broad range of hosts from Bacteria and Eukarya. Aside from structural features shared by viruses from this lineage, there exists a significant level of sequence similarity between the ATPase genes carried by these different viruses; this gene encodes an enzyme thought to provide energy that drives DNA packaging into the virion during infection. The experiments described here highlight the elements of this enzyme that are essential for proper function and also provide supporting evidence that B204 is present in the mature STIV virion.
The use of magnetic susceptibility and its frequency dependence for delineation of a magnetic stratigraphy in ash‐flow tuffs (1990)

Variations in the grain size, amount, and mineralogy of magnetic phases in layered volcanic rocks define a mapetic stratigraphy that can be identified by means of magnetic susceptibility measurements. In ash‐flow tuffs, grain size and other variables that control susceptibility are to a large extent a function of the cooling and alteration history. The phases responsible for the susceptibility of ashflow tuffs consist of post‐emplacement high‐temperature precipitates of Fe‐oxides in volcanic glass, and the phenocrystic Fe‐Ti oxides. At Yucca Mountain, Nevada, laterally‐continuous high‐susceptibility (∼ 10 −2 SI) horizons exist in the Paintbrush Tuff due to the presence of either precipitates or phenocrystic Fe‐Ti oxides. The frequency dependence of magnetic susceptibility, x (ω), can be used to discriminate between horizons with supeiparamagnetic predpitates and horizons with multi‐domain phenocrystic material. The x (ω) exhibits a 26% decrease per decade of increasing frequency for precipitate grain sizes where the siperparamagnetic single‐domain state gives way to stable single‐domain behavior, and thus x (ω) offers an indirect method for rapid estimation of magnetic grain sizes. The interpretation of variations established by field and laboratory susceptibility data has been constrained by petrography and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
Topochemical Intercalation of Graphitic Carbon Nitride with Alkali Metals in Ethylenediamine (2021)

We studied the intercalation chemistry of graphitic carbon nitride (gCN), combining theory and experimental methods. A series of new alkali-ethylenediamine-gCN products were prepared using a one-pot topochemical synthesis method. Spectroscopic and thermal analyses showed that single-stage intercalated gCN compounds of Li(ethylenediamine)₀.₂(C₃N₄.₅H₁.₅)₁.₀ and Na(ethylenediamine)₀.₃(C₃N₄.₅H₁.₅)₀.₉ with ordered layer structures were formed. X-ray diffractograms indicated a large gallery expansion of 0.349 and ∼0.342 nm for Li- and Na-intercalated gCN. In the case of K-en-gCN, a nanocomposite was formed that underwent spontaneous in situ exfoliation followed by disordered restacking to form thin flakes. Molecular dynamics studies showed that ethylenediamine molecules were distributed at the center of the interlayer spaces, predominantly adopting a trans conformation. Different types of gallery sites were present for the intercalation of guest alkali metals, leading to a high degree of topochemical intercalation with organic entities under lower temperatures than previously reported in thermal intercalation experiments. Our new synthesis route enables facile intercalation to tune interlayer spacing in gCN.
Laser raman spectroscopic instrumentation for in situ geochemical analyses in the deep ocean (2005)

Engineers and scientists at the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI) have successfully developed instrumentation for performing laser Raman spectroscopy in the deep ocean. Laser Raman spectroscopy is a form of vibrational spectroscopy that is capable of performing rapid, nondestructive, in situ geochemical analyses. The Deep Ocean Raman In Situ Spectrometer (DORISS) is based on a laboratory model laser Raman spectrometer from Kaiser optical systems, Inc. The sample is interrogated by a 532 nm laser and the Raman backscattered radiation passes through a holographic grating and is recorded on a CCD camera. Laser Raman spectroscopy is capable of analyzing a variety of solid, liquid and gaseous species. Due to the strict requirements for positioning the laser focal point when analyzing opaque samples, a Precision Underwater Positioning (PUP) system was built to position the DORISS probe head with respect to the sample. PUP is capable of translating the DORISS probe head in 0.1 mm increments with 1 mm repeatability. DORISS and PUP are deployed by MBARI's remotely operated vehicles - ROVs Tiburon and Ventana - and are controlled by a scientist aboard the surface ship. DORISS and PUP have been deployed a number of times in Monterey Bay, the Gulf of California, and Hydrate Ridge, Oregon for testing and analyses of natural targets of interest. The development of smaller, second generation systems will allow DORISS and PUP to be carried on other deep submergence vehicles for use by the wider oceanographic community.
Ultraviolet Radiation-induced Apoptosis Is Mediated by Activation of CD-95 (Fas/APO-1) (1997)

Exposure to ultraviolet light (UV) can induce apoptosis in mammalian cells. The mechanism by which UV radiation engages the suicide apparatus is unclear. Here we demonstrate that UV radiation can activate the Fas pathway via receptor aggregation and subsequent recruitment of the death adaptor molecule FADD/MORT1. UV radiation-induced apoptosis was inhibited by both a dominant negative version of FADD (FADD-DN) and the caspase inhibitor CrmA. Thus, activation of the Fas pathway represents a physiologic mechanism by which UV-damaged cells are eliminated.
Permanent Neurological Deficit Related to Magnetic Resonance Imaging in a Patient with Implanted Deep Brain Stimulation Electrodes for Parkinson's Disease: Case Report (2005)

To prevent catastrophic incidents, the manufacturer's guidelines should be followed carefully because they are known to result in the safe performance of MRI examinations of patients with neurostimulation systems used for DBS.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT STUDIES ON WASTE STORAGE PROCESS (1961)

The basic objectives of this program were the determination of the thermal stability of various fission product oxides and nitrates, and an investigation of the gas phase decomposition of ruthenium tetroxide. To accomplish these objectives, a literature survey was flrst made of available physical and chemical data for the oxides and nitrates of Cs, Sr, Ru, Zr, Nb, and Ce. The data were supplemented by a calculation of thermodynamic functions for RuO/sub 4/ vapor from the experimentally determined infrared spectrum and the theoretically calculated raman-active fundamentals. Data are presented graphically. (C.H.)
Reactions of coordinated ligands. XXI. Nitric acid oxidation of 1,4,4,10,12,12-hexamethyl-1,5,9,13-tetraazacyclohexadeca-1,9-dienenickel(II) perchlorate (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of coordinated ligands. XXI. Nitric acid oxidation of 1,4,4,10,12,12-hexamethyl-1,5,9,13-tetraazacyclohexadeca-1,9-dienenickel(II) perchlorateDaryle H. Busch and E. Kent BarefieldCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1971, 10, 1, 108–114Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50095a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50095a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views43Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: Acyl Azolium Fluorides for Room Temperature Nucleophilic Aromatic Fluorination of Chloro‐ and Nitroarenes. (2015)

Abstract S N Ar fluorination of chloro‐ and nitro arenes is accomplished using acyl azolium fluorides, generated from acyl fluorides and an N‐heterocyclic carbene.
IntentVizor: Towards Generic Query Guided Interactive Video Summarization (2021)

The target of automatic video summarization is to create a short skim of the original long video while preserving the major content/events. There is a growing interest in the integration of user queries into video summarization or query-driven video summarization. This video summarization method predicts a concise synopsis of the original video based on the user query, which is commonly represented by the input text. However, two inherent problems exist in this query-driven way. First, the text query might not be enough to describe the exact and diverse needs of the user. Second, the user cannot edit once the summaries are produced, while we assume the needs of the user should be subtle and need to be adjusted interactively. To solve these two problems, we propose IntentVizor, an interactive video summarization framework guided by generic multi-modality queries. The input query that describes the user's needs are not limited to text but also the video snippets. We further represent these multi-modality finer-grained queries as user `intent', which is interpretable, interactable, editable, and can better quantify the user's needs. In this paper, we use a set of the proposed intents to represent the user query and design a new interactive visual analytic interface. Users can interactively control and adjust these mixed-initiative intents to obtain a more satisfying summary through the interface. Also, to improve the summarization quality via video understanding, a novel Granularity-Scalable Ego-Graph Convolutional Networks (GSE-GCN) is proposed. We conduct our experiments on two benchmark datasets. Comparisons with the state-of-the-art methods verify the effectiveness of the proposed framework. Code and dataset are available at https://github.com/jnzs1836/intent-vizor.
Genetic Variants of LRRK2 in Taiwanese Parkinson’s Disease (2013)

Genetic variants of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) were reported to alter the risk for Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the genetic spectrum of LRRK2 variants has not been clearly disclosed yet in Taiwanese population. Herein, we sequenced LRRK2 coding region in 70 Taiwanese early onset PD patients (age at onset ≤ 50), and found six amino acid-changing single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs, N551K, R1398H, R1628P, S1647T, G2385R and M2397T), one reported (R1441H) and 2 novel missense (R767H and S885N) mutations. We examined the frequency of identified LRRK2 variants by genotyping 573 Taiwanese patients with PD and 503 age-matched control subjects. The results showed that PD patients demonstrated a higher frequency of G2385R A allele (4.6%) than control subjects (2.1%; odds ratio = 2.27, 95% confidence interval: 1.38-3.88, P = 0.0017). Fewer PD patients (27.7%) carried the 1647T-2397T haplotype as compared with the control subjects (33.0%; odds ratio = 0.80, 95% confidence interval: 0.65-0.97, P = 0.0215). However, the frequency of 1647T-2385R-2397T haplotype (4.3%) in PD patients was still higher than in control subjects (1.9%, odds ratio: 2.15, 95% confidence interval: 1.27-3.78, P = 0.0058). While no additional subject was found to carry R767H and R1441H, one more patient was observed to carry the S885N variant. Our results indicate a robust risk association regarding G2385R and a new possible protective haplotype (1647T-2397T). Gene-environmental interaction and a larger cohort study are warranted to validate our findings. Additionally, two new missense mutations (R767H and S885N) regarding LRRK2 in PD patients were identified. Functional studies are needed to elucidate the effects of these LRRK2 variants on protein function.
Implementation of Quantum Algorithms using Optical Cluster State (2007)

Quantum computers promise to be more efficient and powerful than their classical counterparts. In the one-way quantum computer model [1], a sequence of measurements processes qubits, which are initially prepared in a highly entangled cluster state. We present here an optical implementation of a 4-qubit cluster state and we show how different algorithms can be experimentally realized by performing the corresponding sequence of measurements. The key advantage of this scheme over the standard network approach of quantum computing is that inherent, randomly induced measurement errors can classically be fed-forward and corrected by adapting the basis of subsequent measurement.
Flash Reliability Boost Huffman coding (FRBH): Co-optimization of data compression and Vth distribution modulation to enhance data-retention time by over 2900x (2017)

Highly reliable data compression technique. Flash Reliability Boost Huffman coding (FRBH) is proposed for TLC NAND Flash memory. By decreasing the write data size and optimizing the memory cell V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> distribution at the same time, FRBH decreases data-retention errors by 92% and increases data-retention time by over 2900 times.