gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Production of adsorbent carbon from Illinois coal for natural gas storage (1995)

An adsorbed natural gas (ANG) storage system is being considered as an on-board storage technology for natural gas vehicles. An ANG storage vessel is less expensive, lighter, occupies less space, costs less to refuel, and has much greater storage density at low pressure ( 150 Vm/Vs compared to current 100-120 Vm/Vs. This study was initiated to develop a method for producing cost-effective adsorbent carbons from Illinois coal and evaluate the potential application of these materials for use in the ANG storage system.more » This paper outlines a summary of the results obtained to date.« less
Existing antivirals are effective against influenza viruses with genes from the 1918 pandemic virus (2002)

The 1918 influenza pandemic caused more than 20 million deaths worldwide. Thus, the potential impact of a re-emergent 1918 or 1918-like influenza virus, whether through natural means or as a result of bioterrorism, is of significant concern. The genetic determinants of the virulence of the 1918 virus have not been defined yet, nor have specific clinical prophylaxis and/or treatment interventions that would be effective against a re-emergent 1918 or 1918-like virus been identified. Based on the reported nucleotide sequences, we have reconstructed the hemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA), and matrix (M) genes of the 1918 virus. Under biosafety level 3 (agricultural) conditions, we have generated recombinant influenza viruses bearing the 1918 HA, NA, or M segments. Strikingly, recombinant viruses possessing both the 1918 HA and 1918 NA were virulent in mice. In contrast, a control virus with the HA and NA from a more recent human isolate was unable to kill mice at any dose tested. The recombinant viruses were also tested for their sensitivity to U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved antiinfluenza virus drugs in vitro and in vivo. Recombinant viruses possessing the 1918 NA or both the 1918 HA and 1918 NA were inhibited effectively in both tissue culture and mice by the NA inhibitors, zanamivir and oseltamivir. A recombinant virus possessing the 1918 M segment was inhibited effectively both in tissue culture and in vivo by the M2 ion-channel inhibitors amantadine and rimantadine. These data suggest that current antiviral strategies would be effective in curbing the dangers of a re-emergent 1918 or 1918-like virus.
GWAS of 126,559 Individuals Identifies Genetic Variants Associated with Educational Attainment (2013)

A genome-wide association study (GWAS) of educational attainment was conducted in a discovery sample of 101,069 individuals and a replication sample of 25,490. Three independent single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are genome-wide significant (rs9320913, rs11584700, rs4851266), and all three replicate. Estimated effects sizes are small (coefficient of determination R(2) ≈ 0.02%), approximately 1 month of schooling per allele. A linear polygenic score from all measured SNPs accounts for ≈2% of the variance in both educational attainment and cognitive function. Genes in the region of the loci have previously been associated with health, cognitive, and central nervous system phenotypes, and bioinformatics analyses suggest the involvement of the anterior caudate nucleus. These findings provide promising candidate SNPs for follow-up work, and our effect size estimates can anchor power analyses in social-science genetics.
Chemistry of 1,6-Diazaphenalene. Halogenation (1981)

n c i p a l l y 2,3-dihalo-and 2 , 3 ,
Pituitary and Thyroid Hormone Responses of Heifers After Ferulic Acid Administration (1983)

I evaluated effects of ferulic acid on concentrations of endocrine hormones of eight Holstein heifers. Cattle were fitted with indwelling jugular cannulae 24 h before experimentation. After control blood samples were taken, animals were assigned randomly to groups of four and infused with 100 or 500 mg of ferulic acid. Prolactin, growth hormone, luteinizing hormone, and thyroid hormones were measured in sera from blood samples. Blood sampling or ethanol infusion did not affect serum concentrations of prolactin. Serum prolactin was elevated 5 min after infusion of ferulic acid. Peak serum prolactin concentrations were 15 min after 100 mg of ferulic acid and between 10 and 30 min after 500 mg ferulic acid. Prolactin remained high until 120 min post drug administration. Control bleeding and ethanol administration did not alter serum growth hormone concentrations. Serum growth hormone concentrations were elevated slightly by ferulic acid. The increase was 5 min after drug administration. Baseline concentrations were established 60 to 90 min after administration. Ferulic acid did not affect luteinizing hormone or thyroid hormones. Ferulic acid, a constituent of corn and wheat germ, may affect release of pituitary hormones in cattle.
Abstract LB-317: Potent in vivo pharmacology of AZD9150, a next-generation, constrained ethyl-modified antisense oligonucleotide targeting STAT3 in multiple preclinical cancer models. (2013)

Abstract Next generation sequencing technologies have greatly expanded our understanding of cancer genomes, epigenomes and transcriptomes. This knowledge, however, has not yet been effectively translated into improved cancer therapeutics, partly due to the inability of available therapeutic modalities to target the most promising cancer driver pathways. In contrast to other therapeutic approaches, the druggable universe is not limited with antisense technology as inhibitors can be rationally designed based on sequence information alone. Recent human clinical data has demonstrated potent activity of systemically-administered, unformulated, antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) when targeted to liver expressed genes. However, robust activity in extra-heptatic tissues and tumors has been limited with existing ASO chemistries. Here we evaluate the activity of high affinity next generation (constrained ethyl) ASOs in extrahepatic tissues and tumors of multiple preclinical cancer models including spontaneous tumors, human tumor xenografts and several primary patient-derived xenograft models. As a test case we employed next generation ASOs to inhibit the difficult to drug transcription factor STAT3. ASOs targeting mouse STAT3 sequences and the human-specific STAT3 ASO (AZD9150) demonstrate potent and selective inhibition of target RNA and protein levels in tumors and tumor-associated stromal cells of a broad range of cancer models, resulting in strong antitumor activity in several models. These findings suggest that next generation ASO technology is now poised to become a key therapeutic modality to bridge the pharmacogenomic divide in cancer drug discovery. The STAT3 ASO inhibitor, AZD9150 is currently in human clinical studies including patients with lymphomas. Citation Format: Youngsoo Kim, Jeff Hsu, Tianyuan Zhou, Nancy Zhang, Richard Woessner, Murali VP Nadella, Deborah Lawson, Corinne Reimer, Guobin He, Joanna Schmidt, Xiaokun Xiao, Sarah Greenlee, Gourab Bhattacharjee, Gene Hung, Brett P. Monia, A. Robert MacLeod. Potent in vivo pharmacology of AZD9150, a next-generation, constrained ethyl-modified antisense oligonucleotide targeting STAT3 in multiple preclinical cancer models. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-317. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-LB-317
Quantitative imaging of electronic nonuniformities in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells (2010)

Equations describing the effect of electronic nonuniformities on electroluminescence (EL) and electron beam induced current (EBIC) images are derived and tested on Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells. EL images are sensitive to fluctuations in band gap and carrier collection across a cell. EBIC images are only sensitive to variations in carrier collection allowing the two nonuniformities to be separated. Equations are derived connecting the distribution of EL intensities to the open circuit voltage loss from band gap fluctuations. Experimentally, the samples studied show the largest variation in carrier collection function on a length scale of over 100 μm while the band gap varied almost linearly across the cell. The influence of shunt, series, and stack resistances on EL images is also discussed.
Autonomy and Accountability in Institutions of Higher Education (2018)

I come from a Jewish background, and my family and I celebrate each year Passover, a week-long spring festival that commemorates the liberation of Israelites from slavery long ago in ancient Egypt. It is one of my favourite holidays, not only for the special foods that are served and the chance to be together with family, but more for the opportunity to reflect on freedom and how important it is to making life meaningful. It is the only religious holiday I know that emphasizes how precious freedom is.
Development of an Experimental Setup to Analyze Carbon/Epoxy Composite Subjected to Current Impulses (2016)

In this paper, variation in electrical properties of CFRP caused by relatively low magnitude current impulses discharged through CFRP coupons are reported, and internal changes of the composite, due to current impulses, are studied. Based on electrical resistance measurements caused by these currents, property changes in CFRP composite coupons of two different carbon ply orientations are compared. Furthermore, it will be investigated if the changes caused by current impulses are mainly focused in the region of the current injection at the edges of composite coupons, or are they distributed uniformly through the bulk of the composite.
TI-POOLING: Transformation-Invariant Pooling for Feature Learning in Convolutional Neural Networks (2016)

In this paper we present a deep neural network topology that incorporates a simple to implement transformationinvariant pooling operator (TI-POOLING). This operator is able to efficiently handle prior knowledge on nuisance variations in the data, such as rotation or scale changes. Most current methods usually make use of dataset augmentation to address this issue, but this requires larger number of model parameters and more training data, and results in significantly increased training time and larger chance of under-or overfitting. The main reason for these drawbacks is that that the learned model needs to capture adequate features for all the possible transformations of the input. On the other hand, we formulate features in convolutional neural networks to be transformation-invariant. We achieve that using parallel siamese architectures for the considered transformation set and applying the TI-POOLING operator on their outputs before the fully-connected layers. We show that this topology internally finds the most optimal "canonical" instance of the input image for training and therefore limits the redundancy in learned features. This more efficient use of training data results in better performance on popular benchmark datasets with smaller number of parameters when comparing to standard convolutional neural networks with dataset augmentation and to other baselines.
Design of Aqueous Processed Thick LiFePO4 Composite Electrodes for High Energy Lithium Batteries (2010)

Abstract not Available.
In vivo anti‐tumour activity of recombinant human and murine TNF, alone and in combination with murine IFN‐γ, on a syngeneic murine melanoma (1986)

TNF, a protein released by induced macrophages, is believed to mediate, at least in part, the tumoritoxic effects of activated macrophages. In vitro, it has cytotoxic effects on transformed cells but not on normal cells, and in vivo it causes necrosis of tumours. Recently, both human and murine TNF became available as pure recombinant proteins. Subsequent work confirmed its in vitro cytotoxic activity, selective for transformed cells, and revealed other, non-cytotoxic effects on some normal cells. In vitro, the B16BL6 melanoma cells, syngeneic with C57BL6 mice, are resistant to the cytotoxic effects of rTNF but become sensitive when they are also treated with rIFN-gamma. We report that established, s.c. B16BL6 tumours in vivo can be induced to necrotize and regress by a combined systemic treatment with rTNF and murine rIFN-gamma. Although TNF is not species-specific in vitro, the effects of treatment with human and murine rTNF in vivo are different: with murine rTNF, the synergism with rIFN-gamma is relatively less clear, the addition of IFN-gamma is not necessary to induce regression, toxicity is more pronounced and additional mechanisms of tumoritoxicity could be involved. Relapses are frequent but complete cures have been observed. These results give further evidence in favour of a potential clinical use of TNF in combination therapy, e.g. with IFN-gamma. However, there is still a need to develop better regimens, especially for consolidation, and to continue research in order to understand and limit the toxicity, which could be mediated by the activating effects of TNF on some normal cell types.
Physiological insights of recent clinical diagnostic and therapeutic technologies for cardiovascular diseases (2017)

Diagnostic and therapeutic methods for cardiovascular diseases continue to be developed in the 21st century. Clinicians should consider the physiological characteristics of the cardiovascular system to ensure successful diagnosis and treatment. In this review, we focus on the roles of cardiovascular physiology in recent diagnostic and therapeutic technologies for cardiovascular diseases. In the first section, we discuss how to evaluate and utilize left ventricular arterial coupling in the clinical settings. In the second section, we review unique characteristics of pulmonary circulation in the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension. In the third section, we discuss physiological and anatomical factors associated with graft patency after coronary artery bypass grafting. In the last section, we discuss the usefulness of mechanical ventricular unloading after acute myocardial infarction. Clinical development of diagnostic methods and therapies for cardiovascular diseases should be based on physiological insights of the cardiovascular system.
Towards 3D ultrasound imaging of the carotid artery using a programmable and tileable matrix array (2017)

Accurate assessment of carotid artery disease by measuring blood flow, plaque deformation and pulse wave velocity using ultrasound (US) imaging requires 3D information. Additionally, the volume rates should be high enough (> 1 kHz) to capture the full range of these fast transient phenomena. For this purpose, we have built a programmable, tileable matrix array that is capable of providing 3D US imaging at such volume rates. This array contains an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) right beneath the acoustic piezo-stack (see Fig. 1a). The ASIC enables fast programmable switching between various configurations of elements connected to the acquisition system. This design also allows for expanding the footprint by tiling several of these arrays together into one large array. We explain the working principles and show the first basic imaging results of a single matrix array.
Thin‐Film Thermocouples Based on the System In 2 O 3 –SnO 2 (2010)

Ceramic thermocouples are being developed to replace noble‐metal thermocouples that are unable to withstand the harsh environments inside the hot sections of turbine engines used for power generation and propulsion. A number of alloys in the system indium oxide (In 2 O 3 ):tin oxide (SnO 2 ) were systematically investigated as thermocouples. Specifically, solid solutions containing up to 10 wt% SnO 2 were initially tested relative to a platinum reference electrode and the resulting thermoelectric properties were measured. The results indicated that the thermoelectric response was dependent on the SnO 2 content in the alloy. Seebeck coefficients ranged from 53 to 224 μV/°C at temperatures up to 1300°C, which are considerably larger than those generated from metal thermocouples. Bi‐ceramic thermocouples based on selected solid solutions of indium tin oxide (ITO) exhibited high temperature stability and Seebeck coefficient on the order of 160 μV/°C. Postdeposition treatments had a significant effect on the stability of the ceramic thermocouples. High‐temperature annealing improved the film uniformity, stability, and reproducibility of the ITO thin‐film thermocouples. A bi‐ceramic thermocouple consisting of In 2 O 3 and In 2 O 3 :SnO 2 (95:5 wt%) was the best‐performing thermocouple of all compositions studied.
A Laboratory and Field Assessment of the Performance of Rebar Coatings (2023)

Deteriorating concrete structures are repaired to restore their load-carrying capacity and enhance their appearance. As part of the repair procedure, the corroded reinforcing steel bars are cleaned by sandblasting, and a protective coating is applied to protect them from further corrosion. Generally, a zin-rich epoxy coating is used for this purpose. However, there have been concerns about the performance of this type of coating in protecting the steel due to the formation of galvanic corrosion, thus necessitating the need for developing a durable steel coating. In this study, the performance of two types of steel coatings, namely a zinc-rich epoxy and cement-based epoxy resin coating, was investigated. The performance of the selected coatings was evaluated by conducting both laboratory and field experiments. In the field studies, the concrete specimens were exposed to a marine exposure site for more than five years. The salt spray and accelerated reinforcement corrosion studies indicated that the performance of the cement-based epoxy coating was better than the zinc-rich epoxy coating. However, there was no visible difference between the performance of the investigated coatings in the reinforced concrete slab specimens placed in the field. It is suggested to use cement-based epoxy coatings as steel primers based on the field and laboratory data developed in this study.
SPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF HEART-RATE AND BLOODPRESSURE VARIABILITY FOLLOWING CHEST TRAUMA AND HEMORRHAGE (2002)

Weiss, W.; Cancio, L.; Cooke, W.; Jordan, B.; McManus, A.; Goodwin, C.; Sondeen, J. Author Information
CD4+ helper T cells and immunity to therapeutic proteins in gene therapy (P4431) (2013)

Abstract Adeno-associated (AAV) vectors are being assessed for gene replacement therapy in humans. Proteins encoded by the vector transgene are potentially foreign. Strategies to temper destructive immune responses may be required to achieve a therapeutic effect, particularly in diseases like Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy where the defective gene to be replaced has a large frame-shifting deletion. Here we studied the impact of immunity on expression of enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) in AAV-transduced skeletal muscle of rhesus macaques. Antibodies to eGFP developed rapidly after AAV vector delivery to the tibialis anterior muscle. Cellular immunity was variable. In some animals, strong CD4+ helper and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells were detected in blood 2 weeks after vector administration. In others, low frequency responses were not detected until week 5-6. Regardless of the pace of the response, eGFP was cleared or substantially diminished in muscle after week 6. Antibody-mediated depletion of CD4+ T cells before AAV vector treatment delayed antibody and CD8+ T cell immunity and facilitated robust expression of eGFP persisted through day 42. Some positive muscle fibers were still visible at month 10, an unexpected finding that suggested an inability to sustain destructive cellular immune responses initially primed without CD4+ T cell help. The capacity for recall of eGFP-CD8+ T cell responses upon administration of a serologically distinct AAV vector is now being assessed.
Survivable Operation of Induction Machine Drives With Smooth Transition Strategy for EV Applications (2014)

In electric vehicle (EV) applications, the failure of phase current sensors often leads to emergency shutdown of induction machine (IM) drive to avoid system malfunction and protect the driver and hardware. However, emergency stop is not necessarily the best way to react if current sensor fails. This paper proposes a survivable operation technique for three-phase IM drives in the event of current sensor failure. The basic objective of survivable operation for IM is to seamlessly switch the control method from vector control to a simplified digital control with smooth transition strategy in the event of current sensor failure. Using this technique, the IM system can be kept running even when there are current sensor faults. It can therefore add one extra redundancy in EVs and make them safer and more reliable. Simulation and experimental results, including current sensor failure detection, speed and torque response, voltage vector, and phase-current waveforms, are included to show the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.
The 41-gene classifier TRAR predicts response of HER2 positive breast cancer patients in the NeoALTTO study (2019)

TRAR represents a promising tool to refine the ability to identify patients sensitive to anti-HER2 (including trastuzumab-only)-based therapy and eligible for de-escalated treatment strategies.
Discovery of WD Repeat-Containing Protein 5 (WDR5)–MYC Inhibitors Using Fragment-Based Methods and Structure-Based Design (2020)

The frequent deregulation of MYC and its elevated expression via multiple mechanisms drives cells to a tumorigenic state. Indeed, MYC is overexpressed in up to ∼50% of human cancers and is considered a highly validated anticancer target. Recently, we discovered that WD repeat-containing protein 5 (WDR5) binds to MYC and is a critical cofactor required for the recruitment of MYC to its target genes and reported the first small molecule inhibitors of the WDR5-MYC interaction using structure-based design. These compounds display high binding affinity, but have poor physicochemical properties and are hence not suitable for <i>in vivo</i> studies. Herein, we conducted an NMR-based fragment screening to identify additional chemical matter and, using a structure-based approach, we merged a fragment hit with the previously reported sulfonamide series. Compounds in this series can disrupt the WDR5-MYC interaction in cells, and as a consequence, we observed a reduction of MYC localization to chromatin.
Manipulation of magnetic particles on chip by magnetophoretic actuation and dielectrophoretic levitation (2007)

The prospect of using magnetic particles for biomedical purposes in lab-on-a-chip systems compels accurate and flexible particle manipulation. Toward such a goal we designed a microdevice comprising a pair of meander-shaped current carrying conductors, which enable simultaneous magnetophoresis and dielectrophoresis by generating both a traveling magnetic field and an ac electric field. Therefore, both the in-plane and out-of-plane movements of magnetic particles can be electrically controlled. A transport speed of tens of μm∕s was achieved with actuation forces at piconewton scale. The enhanced control of particle movement avoids the contact and nonspecific adhesion between the particle and device.
Polynomial time algorithms for network code construction (2005)

The famous max-flow min-cut theorem states that a source node can send information through a network (V,E) to a sink node at a rate determined by the min-cut separating s and t. Recently, it has been shown that this rate can also be achieved for multicasting to several sinks provided that the intermediate nodes are allowed to re-encode the information they receive. We demonstrate examples of networks where the achievable rates obtained by coding at intermediate nodes are arbitrarily larger than if coding is not allowed. We give deterministic polynomial time algorithms and even faster randomized algorithms for designing linear codes for directed acyclic graphs with edges of unit capacity. We extend these algorithms to integer capacities and to codes that are tolerant to edge failures.