gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Resistance Monitoring of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bt Insecticidal Protein During 2001–2004 in China (2006)

Susceptibility of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) field populations to the Cry1Ac toxin of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) were monitored from 1997 to 2004 in China. During 2001–2004, 53 strains from the Bt cotton planting region were sampled. The range of concentration producing 50% inhibition of larval development to third instar (IC50) values among different populations in 2001, 2002, 2003, and 2004 was 0.014–0.046, 0.010–0.062, 0.005–0.062, and 0.005–0.035 μg/ml, respectively. Diagnostic concentration studies (IC99) showed that the percentage of individuals reaching third instar ranged from 0 to 9.09%, with only four of the 53 tested populations showing values above 0%. Considering these data, it was determined that the susceptibility to Cry1Ac of the field populations sampled was not different from the baseline in 1997, and no movement toward resistance among H. armigera populations was apparent.
Networked Acoustics Around Human Ears (2018)

Ear devices, such as noise-canceling headphones and hearing aids, have dramatically changed the way we listen to the outside world. We re-envision this area by combining wireless communication with acoustics. The core idea is to scatter IoT devices in the environment that listen to ambient sound and forward it over their wireless radio. Since wireless signals travel much faster than sound, the ear-device receives the sound much earlier than its actual arrival. This "glimpse" into the future allows sufficient time for acoustic digital processing, serving as a valuable opportunity for various signal processing and machine learning applications. We believe this will enable a digital app store around human ears.
IMMUNOGENETICS OF AUTOIMMUNE EXOCRINOPATHY IN THE NOD MOUSE: MORE THAN MEETS THE EYE. (2000)

Third International Conference on the Lacrimal Gland, Tear Film and Dry Eye Syndromes: Basic Science and Clinical Relevance: Maui, Hawaii; November 15-18, 2000: Abstracts
Surface-normal 3×3 non-blocking wavelength-selective crossbar using polymer-based volume holograms (1996)

We present a 3×3 surface-normal wavelength-selective crossbar using polymer-based volume holograms. A prototype device is demonstrated using the center wavelength of 775 nm and Δλ=10 nm. Employment of 1/4-pitch graded-index rod lenses reduces the required nine wavelengths to three while maintaining the 3×3 interconnects. The diffraction efficiencies of 75%, 83%, and 75% are experimentally confirmed for wavelength 765, 775, and 785 nm, respectively. Surface-normal configuration eliminates the conventional edge-coupling scheme which is vulnerable in a harsh environment. A 3×3 crossbar is demonstrated with a two-way system insertion loss less than 3 dB and channel-to-channel cross talk less than 20 dB.
Mobilization of Iron Stored in Bacterioferritin Is Required for Metabolic Homeostasis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2020)

Iron homeostasis offers a significant bacterial vulnerability because pathogens obtain essential iron from their mammalian hosts, but host-defenses maintain vanishingly low levels of free iron. Although pathogens have evolved mechanisms to procure host-iron, these depend on well-regulated iron homeostasis. To disrupt iron homeostasis, our work has targeted iron mobilization from the iron storage protein bacterioferritin (BfrB) by blocking a required interaction with its cognate ferredoxin partner (Bfd). The blockade of the BfrB-Bfd complex by deletion of the <i>bfd</i> gene (Δ<i>bfd</i>) causes iron to irreversibly accumulate in BfrB. In this study we used mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy to compare the proteomic response and the levels of key intracellular metabolites between wild type (wt) and isogenic Δ<i>bfd</i><i>P. aeruginosa</i> strains. We find that the irreversible accumulation of unusable iron in BfrB leads to acute intracellular iron limitation, even if the culture media is iron-sufficient. Importantly, the iron limitation and concomitant iron metabolism dysregulation trigger a cascade of events that lead to broader metabolic homeostasis disruption, which includes sulfur limitation, phenazine-mediated oxidative stress, suboptimal amino acid synthesis and altered carbon metabolism.
Rapid chemography of porous silicon undergoing hydrolysis (1994)

Highly porous silicon reacts with water vapor in the air to create images on photographic plates within seconds. It is demonstrated that this process, known as chemography, can be used diagnostically to reveal inhomogeneity in porous silicon layers that is not always detectable by optical or electron microscopy. It is suggested that many dried highly porous semiconductors may constitute a significant health hazard owing to the liberation of high concentrations of toxic hydrides through hydrolysis.
Charge-Density Wave in Ca-Intercalated Bilayer Graphene Induced by Commensurate Lattice Matching (2015)

We report the emergence of a charge-density wave (CDW) in Ca-intercalated bilayer graphene (C_{6}CaC_{6}), the thinnest limit of superconducting C_{6}Ca, observed by low-temperature, high-magnetic-field scanning tunneling microscopy or spectroscopy, and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. While the possible superconductivity was not observed in epitaxially grown C_{6}CaC_{6} on a SiC substrate, a CDW order different from that observed on the surface of bulk C_{6}Ca was observed. It is inferred that the CDW state is induced by the potential modulation due to the commensurate lattice matching between the C_{6}CaC_{6} film and the SiC substrate.
Development of adjunctive therapies for the neurological manifestations of AIDS: dementia and painful neuropathy (2005)

Abstract Although cognitive impairment has been recognized as a major complication of HIV infection, it has been difficult to perform clinical trials for HIV-associated dementia. There is only one published double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter trial for HIV-associated dementia. This trial was started more than 10 years ago and reports the benefit of high-dose zidovudine (formerly called AZT) in patients with established HIV-associated dementia. This trial of approximately 30 patients was significantly smaller than planned and it took a longer time than expected to reach this level of enrollment. Subsequent clinical trials planned by the AIDS Clinical Trial Group and other multicenter organizations have found recruitment of patients to therapeutic trials slow and difficult. Part of the difficulty has been in achieving a consensus about the definition of HIV-associated dementia and the difficulty in finding demented patients who can tolerate the fairly rigorous neuropsychological assessments that have become standard elements of these trials.
DTN: A Learning Rate Scheme with Convergence Rate of $\\mathcal{O}(1/t)$\n for SGD (2019)

This paper has some inconsistent results, i.e., we made some failed claims\nbecause we did some mistakes for using the test criterion for a series.\nPrecisely, our claims on the convergence rate of $\\mathcal{O}(1/t)$ of SGD\npresented in Theorem 1, Corollary 1, Theorem 2 and Corollary 2 are wrongly\nderived because they are based on Lemma 5. In Lemma 5, we do not correctly use\nthe test criterion for a series. Hence, the result of Lemma 5 is not valid. We\nwould like to thank the community for pointing out this mistake!\n
Comparison of EUS-guided tissue acquisition using two different 19-gauge core biopsy needles: a multicenter, prospective, randomized, and blinded study (2015)

EUS-FNB using a 19-gauge FNB needle is superior to 19-gauge EUS-TCB needle.
Measurement of the ratio of branching fractionsB(B0→K*0γ)/B(Bs0→ϕγ) (2012)

The ratio of branching fractions of the radiative $B$ decays ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{*0}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ and ${B}^{0}s\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\phi}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ has been measured using $0.37\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of $pp$ collisions at a center of mass energy of $\sqrt{s}=7\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{TeV}$, collected by the LHCb experiment. The value obtained is $\frac{\mathcal{B}({B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{*0}\ensuremath{\gamma})}{\mathcal{B}({B}^{0}s\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\phi}\ensuremath{\gamma})}=1.12\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}{0.08}_{\ensuremath{-}0.04\ensuremath{-}0.08}^{+0.06+0.09}$, where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second systematic, and the third is associated with the ratio of fragmentation fractions ${f}_{s}/{f}_{d}$. Using the world average for $\mathcal{B}({B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{*0}\ensuremath{\gamma})=(4.33\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.15)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$, the branching fraction $\mathcal{B}({B}^{0}s\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\phi}\ensuremath{\gamma})$ is measured to be $(3.9\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$, which is the most precise measurement to date.
Pixel noise suppression via SoC management of tapered reset in a 1920/spl times/1080 CMOS image sensor (2005)

Correlated double sampling is widely used in imaging arrays to eliminate noise generated when a CCD's sense capacitance or a CMOS sensor's photodiode is reset after signal integration and readout. Instead, we suppress photodiode kTC noise using a SoC implementation for progressive reset; supporting SoC components include a feedback amplifier having elements distributed amongst the pixel and column buffer, a tapered reset clock waveform, and reset timing generator. The reset method does not swell pixel area, compel processing of the correlated reset and signal values, or require additional memory. Theoretical analysis is presented along with experimental results. Integrated in a 1920 by 1080 imager having 5 /spl mu/m by 5 /spl mu/m pixels in 0.25-/spl mu/m CMOS, measured random noise for 5.5-fF detector capacitance is /spl sim/8 e- to 225 MHz video rate with image lag <0.12%. Random noise of /spl sim/30 e- is otherwise predicted and achieved using conventional reset. Sensor S/N ratio with progressive readout is /spl ges/52 dB at 60 Hz and 72 Hz frame rate.
Vertical-cavity amplifying modulator at 1.3 μm (2001)

The modulation/switching properties of a vertical-cavity semiconductor optical amplifier operating at 1.3 μm wavelength are investigated. The device was optically pumped and operated in reflection mode. A 150-mV (100 mA) modulation of the drive to the pump source produced a 7-dB modulation of the pump power, which produced a 35-dB modulation in the output signal. The maximum extinction ratio was 35 dB, and limited by device heating. Frequency response measurements revealed a modulation bandwidth of 1.8 GHz when the amplifier was saturated. This enabled 2.5-Gb/s modulation of a -10 dBm input signal with 5.5-dB fiber-to-fiber gain.
Microphase separation transition of random copolymers in a random media (1997)

We study the microphase separation transition of symmetric $\mathrm{AB}$ random copolymers in a gel with preferential adsorption of $A$ monomers on the gel strands. It is shown that random copolymers in a gel are an example of the random field model. In the framework of the second Legendre transformation we have calculated the free energy and the phase diagram of the system. There are three different regimes on the phase diagram: the disordered-liquidlike phase, the replica symmetry breaking regime with broken replica symmetry for the two-replica correlation function where monomer composition fluctuations are pinned to the region with higher concentration of the cross links, and the ordered phase with short-range translational order.
FiberWire (2019)

3D printing offers significant potential in creating highly customized interactive and functional objects. However, at present ability to manufacture functional objects is limited by available materials (e.g., various polymers) and their process properties. For instance, many functional objects need stronger materials which may be satisfied with metal printers. However, to create wholly interactive devices, we need both conductors and insulators to create wiring, and electronic components to complete circuits. Unfortunately, the single material nature of metal printing, and its inherent high temperatures, preclude this. Thus, in 3D printed devices, we have had a choice of strong materials, or embedded interactivity, but not both. In this paper, we introduce a set of techniques we call FiberWire, which leverages a new commercially available capability to 3D print carbon fiber composite objects. These objects are light weight and mechanically strong, and our techniques demonstrate a means to embed circuitry for interactive devices within them. With FiberWire, we describe a fabrication pipeline takes advantage of laser etching and fiber printing between layers of carbon-fiber composite to form low resistance conductors, thereby enabling the fabrication of electronics directly embedded into mechanically strong objects. Utilizing the fabrication pipeline, we show a range of sensor designs, their performance characterization on these new materials and finally three fully printed example object that are both interactive and mechanically strong -- a bicycle handle bar with interactive controls, a swing and impact sensing golf club and an interactive game controller (Figure 1).
HIV-1 Vpr Induces Apoptosis through Caspase 9 in T Cells and Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (2002)

Human immunodeficiency virus, type 1 (HIV-1), vpr gene encodes a 14-kDa virion-associated protein, which exhibits significant effects on human cells. One important property of Vpr is its ability to induce apoptosis during infection. Apoptotic induction is likely to play a role in the pathogenesis of AIDS. However, the pathway of apoptosis is not clearly defined. In this report we investigate the mechanism of apoptosis induced by HIV-1 Vpr using a Vpr pseudotype viral infection system or adeno delivery of Vpr in primary human lymphoid cells and T-cells. With either vector, HIV-1 Vpr induced cell cycle arrest at the G(2)/M phase and apoptosis in lymphoid target cells. Furthermore, we observed that with both vectors, caspase 9, but not caspase 8, was activated following infection of human peripheral blood mononuclear cell with either Vpr-positive HIV virions or adeno-delivered Vpr. Activation of the caspase 9 pathway resulted in caspase 3 activation and apoptosis in human primary cells. These effects were coincident with the disruption of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential and induction of cytochrome c release by Vpr. The Vpr-induced signaling pathway did not induce CD95 or CD95L expression. Bcl-2 overexpressing cells succumb to Vpr-induced apoptosis. These studies illustrate that Vpr induces a mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathway that is distinct from apoptosis driven by the Fas-FasL pathway.
The Yersinia enterocolitica pYV Virulence Plasmid Contains Multiple Intrinsic DNA Bends Which Melt at 37°C (1999)

Temperature has a pleiotropic effect on Yersinia enterocolitica gene expression. Temperature-dependent phenotypes include the switching between two type III protein secretion systems, flagellum biosynthesis (</=30 degrees C) and virulence plasmid-encoded Yop secretion (37 degrees C). The mechanism by which temperature exerts this change in genetic programming is unclear; however, altered gene expression by temperature-dependent changes in DNA topology has been implicated. Here, we present evidence that the Y. enterocolitica virulence plasmid, pYV, undergoes a conformational transition between 30 and 37 degrees C. Using a simplified two-dimensional, single-gel assay, we show that pYV contains multiple regions of intrinsic curvature, including virF, the positive activator of virulence genes. These bends are detectable at 30 degrees C but melt at 37 degrees C, the temperature at which the cells undergo phenotypic switching. We also show that pACYC184, a plasmid used as a reporter of temperature-induced changes in DNA supercoiling, has a single region of intrinsic bending detected by our assay. Topoisomers of pACYC184, with and without this bend, isolated from Y. enterocolitica were resolved by using chloroquine gels. The single bend has a dramatic influence on temperature-dependent DNA supercoiling. These data suggest that the Y. enterocolitica pYV plasmid may undergo a conformational change at the host temperature due to melting of DNA bends followed by compensatory adjustments in superhelical density. Hence, changes in DNA topology may be the temperature-sensing mechanism for virulence gene expression in Y. enterocolitica and other enteric pathogens.
Comparative physical mapping links conservation of microsynteny to chromosome structure and recombination in grasses (2005)

Nearly finished sequences for model organisms provide a foundation from which to explore genomic diversity among other taxonomic groups. We explore genome-wide microsynteny patterns between the rice sequence and two sorghum physical maps that integrate genetic markers, bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) fingerprints, and BAC hybridization data. The sorghum maps largely tile a genomic component containing 41% of BACs but 80% of single-copy genes that shows conserved microsynteny with rice and partially tile a nonsyntenic component containing 46% of BACs but only 13% of single-copy genes. The remaining BACs are centromeric (4%) or unassigned (8%). The two genomic components correspond to cytologically discernible "euchromatin" and "heterochromatin." Gene and repetitive DNA distributions support this classification. Greater microcolinearity in recombinogenic (euchromatic) than nonrecombinogenic (heterochromatic) regions is consistent with the hypothesis that genomic rearrangements are usually deleterious, thus more likely to persist in nonrecombinogenic regions by virtue of Muller's ratchet. Interchromosomal centromeric rearrangements may have fostered diploidization of a polyploid cereal progenitor. Model plant sequences better guide studies of related genomes in recombinogenic than nonrecombinogenic regions. Bridging of 35 physical gaps in the rice sequence by sorghum BAC contigs illustrates reciprocal benefits of comparative approaches that extend at least across the cereals and perhaps beyond.
Fabrication of infrared antennas using electron-beam lithography (2003)

The methods of fabricating infrared antennas using electron beam lithography will be investigated. For this purpose, a process using a bi-layer lift off process and a single layer of resist has been developed. The bi-layer lift off process used allowed for antenna arm resolution of 200nm. The single layer resist process enhanced the resolution of the antenna arms to 90nm by using a Chlorine based reactive ion etcher with Chrome as an etch mask. An alignment scheme using a set of global and local marks allowed for an overlay accuracy of 25nm. An improved process was developed to further improve device yield and uniformity of the infrared detectors by sputtering the bolometer and using an oxygen descum to remove residual resist between antenna and bolometer. Two separate methods of fabrication of air-bridge microstrip antenna-coupled microbolometers using both a critical point dryer and an isotropic reactive ion etcher will also be introduced.
Photoacoustic Necrotic Region Mapping for Radiofrequency Ablation Guidance (2021)

Radiofrequency (RF) ablation is an effective minimally invasive therapy for diseases including cancer and cardiac arrhythmia by heating the problematic lesions using an electric current. RF procedures lack direct, intraoperative, realtime feedback on the size and extent of ablation-induced necrosis, making the assessment of procedure completeness difficult. Previous studies have suggested that photoacoustic (PA) imaging can detect ablated lesions based on their PA spectrum difference from that of non-ablated tissues. In this work, we introduce a PA-based necrotic region mapping, focusing on visualizing the extent of ablation-induced necrosis and its lesion distribution. Real-time visual feedback on the growth of the ablation necrotic region is expected to reduce recurrence and procedural complications by avoiding incomplete and excessive ablation, respectively. The extent of necrosis is quantified based on the contribution from the ablated spectra intensity with respect to the total intensity combining with non-ablated spectra. We visualized it with continuous colormap to present the necrotic lesion size and extent. A PA image-guided ablation system consists of a side-firing linear array transducer, a laser pulse illuminating fiber bundle, and an RF ablation catheter. Three wavelengths (700nm, 740nm, and 760nm) were used for continuous illumination. The necrotic region mapping computation was applied to identify the growth of necrotic lesions over time. We applied continuous PA imaging to an ex-vivo swine liver tissue during the RF ablation. The growth of the necrotic region area was visualized through the ablation. Direct comparison between the acquired image and gross pathology demonstrated the system could monitor necrotic region size. The measured necrotic region was 5.93 mm in width, matching with the actual width of 6.2 mm. The ablated area was measured as 2.81 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> after the ablation. The results suggest that PA image-guided ablation system has the potential to be incorporated into clinical practice to guide ablation procedures.
Using paraphrases of deep semantic representions to support regression testing in spoken dialogue systems (2009)

Rule-based spoken dialogue systems require a good regression testing framework if they are to be maintainable. We argue that there is a tension between two extreme positions when constructing the database of test examples. On the one hand, if the examples consist of input/output tuples representing many levels of internal processing, they are fine-grained enough to catch most processing errors, but unstable under most system modifications. If the examples are pairs of user input and final system output, they are much more stable, but too coarse-grained to catch many errors. In either case, there are fairly severe difficulties in judging examples correctly. We claim that a good compromise can be reached by implementing a paraphrasing mechanism which maps internal semantic representations into surface forms, and carrying out regression testing using paraphrases of semantic forms rather than the semantic forms themselves. We describe an implementation of the idea using the Open Source Regulus toolkit, where paraphrases are produced using Regulus grammars compiled in generation mode. Paraphrases can also be used at run-time to produce confirmations. By compiling the paraphrase grammar a second time, as a recogniser, it is possible in a simple and natural way to guarantee that confirmations are always within system coverage.
Freeway Service Patrol (fsp) 1.1: The Analysis Software For The Fsp Project (1995)

This document is a reference manual for the fsp and xfsp programs. The fsp program is a software tool used to interrogate the data that was collected during the Freeway Service Patrol Evaluation Project. The purpose of the program is to perform diagnostics on the data, generate error reports, and make plots of various pieces of data. The xfsp program is a graphical user interface to the fsp program. It allows the user to create the runfile and the incident filter that the fsp proram requires by pointing and clicking on various butons and widgets with the mouse.
Nicotine carbomer enemas--pharmacokinetics of a revised formulation. (1998)

The lower pH and greater viscosity reduced the amount of free nicotine in its unionised form available for absorption, but made it possible to expose colonic mucosa to the same nicotine dose. In other drug formulations where side-effects are a limiting factor these modifications may also be relevant.