gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Obstacles to Donor Recruitment for Faecal Microbiota Transplantation: Experiences From the FOCUS Study (2014)

Introduction: The increasing interest and demand for faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has created a need for a bank of long-term healthy donors. Here, we describe our experience in recruiting and screening faecal donors for our clinical trial, the FOCUS Study. Methods: Recruitment of potential healthy faecal donors included letterbox, newspaper, and online advertisements. Financial reimbursement for out-of-pocket expenses, as agreed by Ethics Committee, was offered. Potential donors were required to satisfy a pre-screen telephone conversation, perform and pass comprehensive blood and stool screening investigations, then undertake a final detailed screening interview including medical history, physical examination, and evaluation of donor selection criteria. Results: A total of 116 potential donors were pre-screened over a 7-month period after responding to donor advertisements. Seventy-four failed pre-screening, 47 declined based on study donation requirements, 13 had medical comorbidities, 6 had vCJD risk factors, 1 had recent antibiotic use, and 7 failed for other reasons. Thirty-eight healthy potential donors completed stool and blood testing, of whom 1 failed blood testing due to indeterminate hepatitis C serology, 15 failed stool testing (5 Dientamoeba fragilis, 5 Blastocystis hominis, 1 B. hominis and D. fragilis, 1 Giardia intestinalis plus D. fragilis, 1 Norovirus and Clostridium difficile-toxin positive, and 2 had leucocytes or erythrocytes on stool microscopy). Of 22 remaining potential donors, 2 were excluded due to interim antibiotic use and 1 was living with a household member who was positive for D. fragilis. Of the remaining 19 potential donors, 18 completed the final screening visit, but 6 were excluded (3 due to BMI >30, 1 due to illicit drug use, 1 due to uncontrolled anxiety / depression and 1 due to irregular bowel movements after new medication commencement). In total, only 12 (10%) of 116 potential donors were enrolled as study donors. Conclusion: Recruitment of healthy faecal donors for FMT is challenging and was associated with only a 10% success rate. Nearly half of the potential donors were unable or unwilling to meet the donor commitment requirements. A surprisingly large proportion of healthy and asymptomatic donors failed stool testing, primarily due to gastrointestinal parasites. Disclosure - Thomas J. Borody has a pecuniary interest in the Centre for Digestive Diseases, where faecal microbiota transplantation is a treatment option for patients and has filed patents in this area.
NMR Wettability of Carbonate Reservoir Cores: Best Practices (2019)

Abstract Water flooding has been practiced for many decades as a method to recover a significant part of the post-depletion drive residual oil. Wettability has a dominant effect on reservoir fluid distribution and transport properties such as capillary pressure and relative permeabilities. Unfortunately, capturing reservoir wettability remains a challenge, leaving current input to reservoir simulation models suboptimal. The focus of this study is providing practical and experimental guidance on performing wettability inversion of heterogeneous carbonate reservoir core plugs under complex oil-water interaction using NMR-T2 distributions. United States Bureau of Mines (USBM) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) wettability measurements on three restored limestone reservoir cores are reported, together with petrophysical properties and dielectric permittivity of the cores. This paper describes the experimental challenges and the optimization achieved toward obtaining satisfying NMR wettability results under adverse conditions. The NMR measurements were first conducted using dead crude oil. However, the results of the inversion were unreliable owing to the presence of strong oil-water emulsion within the core plugs. To overcome this challenge, while maintaining the prevailing wettability, the plugs were flushed with synthetic oil, Soltrol, which helped the NMR inversion to derive the in-situ wettability. The results were quite consistent with the USBM data, indicating mixed to moderately oil-wet plugs. The described NMR inversion method, combined with the fluids substitution by synthetic oil, if required, due to oil-brine emulsion formation, can be utilized to complement wettability characterization by conventional SCAL measurements such as USBM and Amott-Harvey. The NMR method is considerably faster than the conventional methods.
"Yours is better!" (2012)

Although HCI researchers and practitioners frequently work with groups of people that differ significantly from themselves, little attention has been paid to the effects these differences have on the evaluation of HCI systems. Via 450 interviews in Bangalore, India, we measure participant response bias due to interviewer demand characteristics and the role of social and demographic factors in influencing that bias. We find that respondents are about 2.5x more likely to prefer a technological artifact they believe to be developed by the interviewer, even when the alternative is identical. When the interviewer is a foreign researcher requiring a translator, the bias towards the interviewer's artifact increases to 5x. In fact, the interviewer's artifact is preferred even when it is degraded to be obviously inferior to the alternative. We conclude that participant response bias should receive more attention within the CHI community, especially when designing for underprivileged populations.
Development of an ECHO-PIV® Technique and Validation in Pipe Flow (2002)

Non invasive echocardiographic techniques have been widely used to provide structural information via imaging of cardiovascular anatomy and functional hemodynamics via measurement of local blood flow velocity. Although the non-invasive nature of the technique is highly attractive, Doppler measurement of blood velocity is still limited due to the inherent angle dependence which requires the ultrasound beam be parallel to the flow direction. This limitation precludes measurement of velocity vectors within the flow field. Such multi-dimensional information would be useful for quantitation of velocity profiles, shear stress, vorticity and flow rate in vivo.
Metabolomic Profiling of Fatty Acid and Amino Acid Metabolism in Youth With Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes (2012)

These metabolomics results, together with the increased rates of in vivo FOX, are not supportive of defective fatty acid or amino acid metabolism in obesity and type 2 diabetes in youth. Such observations are consistent with early adaptive metabolic plasticity in youth, which over time-with continued obesity and aging-may become dysfunctional, as observed in adults.
185. Targeted Correction and Restored Function of CFTR Gene in Cystic Fibrosis Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (2015)

Recently developed reprogramming and genome editing technologies make possible the derivation of corrected patient-specific pluripotent stem cell sources – potentially useful for the development of new therapeutic approaches. The primary defect in Cystic Fibrosis (CF), an autosomal recessive disorder, is the regulation of epithelial chloride transport by a chloride channel protein encoded by the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. Recurrent pulmonary infections are responsible for 80 to 90% of the deaths in CF patients. Starting with skin fibroblasts from patients diagnosed with CF, we have derived and characterized induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines. We then utilized zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), designed to target the endogenous CFTR gene, to mediate correction of the inherited genetic mutation in these patient-derived lines via homology directed repair (HDR). We observed an exquisitely sensitive, homology-dependent preference for targeting one CFTR allele vs. the other. Differentiation for a total of 19 days in a protocol designed to derive anterior foregut endoderm, subsequently up-regulated expression of NKX2-1, SOX9, TP63, FOXP2, FOXA2, and CFTR, suggesting commitment of at least a sub-population of cells within the endodermal culture to a lung epithelial cell fate. Once differentiated, mutant CF iPSCs yielded neither mature CFTR protein nor CFTR-specific chloride channel activity (as assayed in Ussing chamber experiments) – whereas corrected CF iPSCs and the normal control WA09 hESCs yielded mature CFTR protein and CFTR-specific chloride channel activity. In vitro differentiation of the mutant CF iPSCs into lung epithelial cells and tissue, controlled for by the parallel differentiation of the otherwise isogenic corrected CF iPSCs, may provide a valuable tool for drug screening and examining the functional consequence of mutant CFTR expression. Furthermore, corrected CF iPSCs present a potential source of patient-specific cells capable, in vitro, of differentiation into various lung stem/progenitor cells – either for transplantation of autologous lung cells or for seeding de-vitalized lung scaffolds ex vivo to generate autologous lungs.
Diffusion Models to Construct a First Principles Multipole-Based Cable Braid Model for Conducting Wires in the Time Domain (2020)

We describe here diffusion models apt to construct a multipole-based, cable braid time domain model for conducting wires. Implementation details of both a ladder network valid for time-domain signals with all frequency content and an approximate single-stage circuit valid for low-frequency dominated time signals (such as electromagnetic pulses) are reported. This time domain model can be leveraged to treat system-generated electromagnetic pulse events, as well as used to further confirm the correctness of the multipole-based, cable braid frequency domain model.
Isolation of characteristic glycolipids possibly included in spherical droplets around M. leprae. (1985)

The main purpose of this work was to isolate the components in acetone soluble lipids of lepromas of the nine-banded armadillo by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and then to examine the mass spectrometric characteristics of the two peaks (molecular weights 2000 and 1600) found by HPLC. The armadillo had been inoculated with Mycobacterium leprae isolated from a mangabey monkey with naturally acquired leprosy. According to the results of HPLC, gas liquid chromatographic and mass spectral analyses, the GPC peak I lipid at 2000 D was identified as phenolic glycolipid and the GPC peak II lipid at 1600 D, as phthiocerol dimycocerosate. It was thought that the GPC peak I lipid and the GPC peak II lipid were included in the spherical droplets (peribacillary substance) around M. leprae. It was concluded that the microorganisms causing leprosy-like changes in the mangabey monkey were either M. leprae or a very closely related bacillus.
Dietary effects of melatonin on growth performance by modulation of protein bioavailability and behavior in early weaned rats and pigs (2023)

Melatonin, which is produced from tryptophan, exerts various biological functions, including the regulation of circadian rhythm, sedative agents, and antioxidant ability. Therefore, we conducted two experiments with early-weaned rats and pigs to investigate the antioxidant and sedative effects of melatonin. In the rat experiment, a total of 42 rats (21 days old) were used, and the antioxidant capacity was determined. Next, we used 120 early-weaned piglets (21 days old) to conduct a 5-week experiment to evaluate the reductive effect of melatonin on energy-wasting movement, including roaming and fight states. Dietary melatonin supplementation significantly improved growth in both rats and pigs compared to the control groups. Additionally, rats fed a melatonin-supplemented diet showed advanced antioxidant capacity with a decrease in hepatic malondialdehyde concentration compared to rats fed a basal diet. Moreover, dietary melatonin ingestion increased resting and feeding behaviors and reduced roaming and fight behaviors during Days 8-21 compared to the control diet group. Collectively, early weaned animals given dietary melatonin supplementation showed improved growth through upregulation of hepatic antioxidant capacity and minimization of energy-wasting behavior, including roaming and fight states, after pigs' social hierarchy establishment.
Abstract 7: S-nitrosylation Affects Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (2012)

Introduction: Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) appear to play an important role in the formation of atherosclerotic lesions. Circulating BMMSCs are attracted to arterial wall where they undergo adipogenic or osteogenic differentiation to form ectopic aggregates of fat and bone. The factors that determine the direction of BMMSC differentiation are poorly understood. We assessed the role of nitric oxide (NO), an inhibitor of lipid formation and vascular calcification, in BMMSC differentiation. Hypothesis: S-nitrosylation mediated-NO signaling controls the balance between adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of BMMSCs. Methods: We isolated BMMSCs from wild type mice (WT) and mice deficient in S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR -/- ), an enzyme that governs levels of S-nitrosylation by promoting protein denitrosylation. Cells were cultured in either adipogenic or osteogenic differentiation media followed by functional and gene expression assays. Results: MSCs derived from GSNOR -/- mice had impaired fat droplet formation and lower expression of the adipogenic markers PPARγ (1329±415.3-fold increase in WT vs. 158±65.61-fold in GSNOR -/- , P&lt;0.05) and FABP4 (11.06±3.29-fold in WT vs. 4.06±0.62-fold in GSNOR -/- , P&lt;0.05). Conversely, GSNOR -/- MSCs exhibited enhanced osteogenic differentiation as indicated by greater calcium deposition and higher expression of the osteogenic marker Osteopontin (1.48±0.17-fold in WT vs. 16.18±5.26-fold in GSNOR -/- , P&lt;0.05). Interestingly, GSNOR -/- cells had higher baseline expression of Osteopontin, Osteocalcin and Runx2. Treatment of GSNOR -/- MSCs with L-NAME, a nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, resulted in decreased osteogenic differentiation without affecting adipogenic differentiation. Conclusion: Our results indicate that GSNOR enhances adipogenic differentiation and impairs osteogenic differentiation of BMMSCs in vitro and suggest that interaction of GSNOR- and NOS-mediated processes regulates the balance between adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of BMMSCs.
Mesoporous GaN for Photonic Engineering—Highly Reflective GaN Mirrors as an Example (2015)

A porous medium is a special type of material where voids are created in a solid medium. The introduction of pores into a bulk solid can profoundly affect its physical properties and enable interesting mechanisms. In this paper, we report the use of mesoporous GaN to address a long-standing challenge in GaN devices: tuning the optical index in epitaxial structures without compromising the structural and electrical properties. By controlling the doping and electrochemical etching bias, we are able to control the pore morphology from macro- to meso- and microporous. The meso- and microporous GaN can be considered a new form of GaN with unprecedented optical index tunability. We examine the scattering loss in a porous medium quantitatively using numerical, semiempirical, and experimental methods. It is established that the optical loss due to scattering is well within the acceptable range. While being perfectly lattice-matched to GaN, the porous GaN layers are found to be electrically highly conductive. As an example of optical engineering, we demonstrate record high reflectances (R > 99.5%) from epitaxial mesoporous GaN mirrors that can be controllably fabricated, a result that is bound to impact GaN opto and photonic technologies.
Total syntheses of di- and tri-O-methyl dynemicin A methyl esters (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTotal syntheses of di- and tri-O-methyl dynemicin A methyl estersJack Taunton, John L. Wood, and Stuart L. SchreiberCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 22, 10378–10379Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00075a071https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00075a071research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1232Altmetric-Citations74LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Effect of operators on straight line complexity (2002)

This paper concerns lower bounds on the straight line complexity of multi-variate polynomials. We obtain a conditional result showing that certain explicit linear operators must greatly increase the complexity of some polynomials. We do so by showing that if these operators roughly preserve the complexity of all polynomials then, co-NP is in AM. We show that certain explicit operators must vastly increase the straight line complexity of certain polynomials.
Omeprazole inhibits colorectal carcinogenesis induced by azoxymethane in rats. (1993)

Numerous clinical and experimental studies suggest that gastrin plays an important part in the development of colorectal cancer in humans. This study was done to assess the influence of omeprazole induced hypergastrinaemia on the development of colorectal tumours in an experimental animal model. Forty female Sprague-Dawley rats received either omeprazole (40 mumol/kg) or vehicle (0.25% methylcellulose) by once daily oral gavage throughout the experiment. All animals received 12 consecutive weekly subcutaneous injections of azoxymethane (10 mg/kg/week) beginning at week 6. Serum gastrin concentrations were measured during weeks 1 and 5 and at death (week 27). Chronic omeprazole treatment resulted in appreciable hypergastrinaemia during the study, mean gastrin concentrations in omeprazole treated rats being raised by up to nine to 10 fold, compared with vehicle treated control rats (p < 0.001). Despite this, tumour incidence in the omeprazole group was significantly lower at 63%, compared with 95% in the vehicle only group (p < 0.02). The median number of tumours in the omeprazole group (1) compared with the vehicle group (3) was also significantly lower (p = 0.02). Average tumour size, site distribution, and the comparative frequencies of adenomas and adenocarcinomas were similar in the two groups. This study shows that omeprazole protects against colorectal carcinogenesis in this model despite causing appreciable hypergastrinaemia. The mechanism by which this occurs is unclear and merits further investigation. Because of the compounding protective effects of omeprazole, this model is not a suitable one for studying the longterm trophic effects of gastrin on the colon.
Prediction of imaging performance of immersion lithography using high refractive index fluid (2008)

A hyper-NA lithography tool is used in production of the latest devices. In the next generation immersion lithography, issues that had so for neglected had to be considered because NA of illumination optics is larger than conventional tools. Here, items were listed up for accurate prediction of imaging by optical simulation. These were transmittance of illumination rays to the mask, mask induced effects such as polarization and aberration, and pellicle induced effect. These were depending on incident angle. Therefore consideration of angle dependency of these effects was necessary for more accurate imaging simulation. We presented the requirements for simulation to facilitate discussion of the imaging performance of below 40 nm hp pattern node immersion lithography.
Achieving full-color generation with polarization-tunable perfect light absorption (2019)

Plasmonic color generation based on gap-plasmon resonators finds an increasing role in subwavelength fade-free color printing, data storage and information encoding due to its high spatial resolution and mechanical/chemical stability. However, most of the current designs are limited to trivial spectral responses, leading to subtractive colors with restricted ranges of their color palettes. Here, we design a plasmonic color metasurface made of an aluminum resonator array, producing strong gap plasmon resonance and nearly perfect light absorption that results in enhanced color saturation. The range of color palette is broadly increased by introducing polarization-dependent supercell of plasmonic resonators, forming “i-patterned” dimers. Such a plasmonic color metasurface holds a great promise for color displays, polarization-multiplexing system, image encryption, and steganography.
Polymerase chain reaction analysis of defective human T-cell leukemia virus type I proviral genomes in leukemic cells of patients with adult T-cell leukemia (1991)

Human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) is the etiologic agent of adult T-cell leukemia, and the clonally derived leukemic cells all contain proviral genomes. Polymerase chain reaction with a variety of primers which span the HTLV-I genome was used to determine that a significant fraction of patients (at least 32%) carry deleted viral genomes in their leukemic cells. The pX region of the HTLV-I genome encoding the regulatory genes tax and rex was preferentially retained. The fact that the tax coding region was retained provides supporting evidence that the tax protein contributes to leukemogenesis in vivo. The reasonably high fraction of patients with adult T-cell leukemia carrying deleted genomes in their tumor cells suggests that the deletions have a role in leukemogenesis.