gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evidence That Cholecystokinin Interacts with Specific Receptors and Regulates Insulin Release in Isolated Rat Islets of Langerhans (1986)

To determine the nature of the pancreatic islet cell cholecystokinin (CCK) receptor, we studied CCK receptor binding and biologic activity in isolated rat pancreatic islets. Binding of 70 pM 125I-CCK to collagenase-prepared isolated rat pancreatic islets at 24 degrees C was one-half maximal after 5 min and maximal at 60 min. At 60 min, specific binding was 12% of total radioactivity per 100 micrograms islet protein; nonspecific binding (in the presence of 1 microM CCK 8) was less than 2% of total radioactivity. Unlabeled CCK 33 inhibited labeled hormone binding one-half maximally at 2 nM; Scatchard analysis showed one binding site (Kd, 2.3 +/- 0.4 nM; Bmax, 8.1 pmol/mg protein). The agonist selectivity of this binding site was: CCK 8 = CCK 33 greater than desulfated-CCK 8 greater than CCK 4. Two CCK antagonists were studied; N-carbobenzoxy-L-tryptophan was more potent than dibutyryl-cGMP. When the effect of CCK on insulin release from the islets was studied, the order of potency of CCK agonists and antagonists on insulin secretion was the same as the order of their ability to inhibit 125I-CCK binding. The effect of CCK on insulin secretion was dependent on the glucose concentration in the media. CCK had no effect at 5.6 mM glucose and was fully effective at 11.0 mM glucose. These data, therefore, indicate that: specific binding sites for CCK are present in rat pancreatic beta cells; and CCK acts in concert with glucose to stimulate insulin secretion.
Resistance mechanisms to antimetabolites (1998)

Antimetabolites are a class of chemotherapeutics that compete with biologic substrates and interfere with many biochemical reactions in the cell. Following the introduction of aminopterin, a 4-amino analog of folic acid, for the treatment of childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) in 1948 (Farber et al.), a less toxic analog, methotrexate (MTX) subsequently replaced aminopterin in the clinic in 1956 (Li, Hertz and Spencer). One year later, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was synthesized as an analog of uracil by Duschinsky and Heidelberg et al. It was subsequently determined to demonstrate anticancer activity in human tumors. The development of 5-FU is an excellent example of rational drug design, based on the observation that uracil is salvaged more efficiently by tumor cells compared to normal cells (Rutman, Cantarow and Paschkis, 1954). Both MTX and 5-FU are used to treat many kinds of cancer including head and neck, breast, gastrointestinal and bladder cancers. MTX is also used for maintenance and central nervous system prophylaxis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Enhancement of TRAIL-Mediated Apoptosis by Genistein in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Hep3B Cells: Roles of p38 MAPK Signaling Pathway (2011)

TRAIL은 다양한 암세포에서 apoptosis를 유발하는 것으로 알려져 있으나 간암세포를 포함한 일부 암세포에서 TRAIL 저항성이 획득된 것으로 보고되어지고 있다. 대두의 대표적인 생리활성 물질인 isoflavonoid계열 genistein은 이미 많은 암세포에서 apoptotic 효능을 가진 것으로 알려져 있으나 TRAIL에 의한 apoptosis 유도에 미치는 영향과 기전에 대한 연구는 여전히 미비한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 TRAIL 저항성을 가진 Hep3B 간암세포에서 TRAIL에 의한 apoptosis 유도를 genistein이 더욱 상승시킬 수 있음을 보고하고자 한다. 본 연구의 결과에 의하면, Hep3B 세포에 세포독성을 보이지 않는 범위의 genistein에 의한 TRAIL 유도 apoptosis 상승효과는 미토콘드리아의 기능 손상과 연관성이 있었다. 또한 genistein과 TRAIL 복합처리에 의한 apoptosis 유도는 p38 MAPK 활성 저하로 더욱 상승하였으며, 이는 Bid의 truncation 증가, pro-apoptotic 단백질인 Bax의 발현 증가와 anti-apoptotic Bcl-2의 발현 감소 및 미토콘드리아에서 세포질로의 cytochrome c 유출의 증가와 연관성이 있었다. 또한 p38 MAPK 억제제는 genistein 및 TRAIL 복합처리에 의한 caspase의 활성 증가와 PARP 단백질의 단편화를 촉진시켰으며, 이는 미토콘드리아의 기능적 손상 증가에 의한 것임을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 본 연구의 결과는 genistein이 TRAIL에 의한 apoptosis 유도를 효과적으로 증가시킬 수 있으며, 이러한 과정이 p38 MAPK 의존적으로 이루어짐을 알 수 있었다. Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) can selectively induce apoptosis in many types of transformed cells; however, some human hepatocellular carcinoma cells are particularly resistant to the effects of TRAIL. Although genistein, a natural isoflavonoid phytoestrogen, has been shown to have pro-apoptotic activity against human cancer cell lines, little is known about the mechanism of genistein in terms of TRAIL-induced apoptosis. In the present study, it was investigated whether or not combined treatment with genistein and TRAIL synergistically induced apoptosis in Hep3B hepatocarcinoma cells. Results indicate that treatment with TRAIL in combination with nontoxic concentrations of genistein sensitized TRAIL-resistant Hep3B cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis, which was associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Further, the inhibition of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation markedly decreased genistein and TRAIL-induced cell viability and apoptosis by enhanced truncation of Bid, increase of pro-apoptotic Bax, decrease of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, and release of cytochrome c from mitochondria to cytoplasm. Activation of caspases and degradation of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase induced by the combined treatment was also markedly increased by the inhibition of p38 MAPK, through the mitochondrial amplification step. In conclusion, our data suggest that genistein sensitizes TRAIL-induced-apoptosis via p38 MAPK-dependent pathway.
"Is the Widening of Pulse Pressure and Hypertension in the Elderly Due in Large Measure to an Unrecognized Hypomagnesemia, Downregulation of Telomerase and Progressive Release of Ceramides and Platelet-Activating Factor?" (2020)

Burton M. Altura1-7*, Asefa Gebrewold1, Anthony Carella1, Nilank C. Shah1,5, Gatha J. Shah1,5, Lawrence M. Resnick8 and Bella T. Altura1,3-7 Author Affiliations 1Department of Physiology and Pharmacology 2Department of Medicine 3The Center for Cardiovascular and Muscle Research 4The School for Graduate Studies in Molecular and Cellular Science, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn New York 5Bio-Defense Systems, Inc, Rockville Centre, NY 6Orient Biomedical, Estero, Florida 7The Magnesium for Health Foundation, Patterson, California; 8Department of Medicine, Cornell University of Medicine, New York, New York Received: December 19, 2019 | Published: January 08, 2020 Corresponding author: B. M. Altura, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York DOI: 10.26717/BJSTR.2020.24.004046
Supplementary Figure 6 from p53–Pirh2 Complex Promotes Twist1 Degradation and Inhibits EMT (2023)

&lt;p&gt;The effects of Î"b-Twist1 overexpression on spheroids formation and migration. (A) Representative images of spheroid forming assay. (B) Representative images of the migrated cells in migration assay. (C) Quantification of the migrated cells.*P&lt; 0.05 compared to control group.&lt;/p&gt;
Three-dimensional in vivo imaging by a handheld dual-axes confocal microscope (2008)

We present a handheld dual-axes confocal microscope that is based on a two-dimensional microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) scanner. It performs reflectance and fluorescence imaging at 488 nm wavelength, with three-dimensional imaging capability. The fully packaged microscope has a diameter of 10 mm and acquires images at 4 Hz frame rate with a maximum field of view of 400 microm x 260 microm. The transverse and axial resolutions of the handheld probe are 1.7 microm and 5.8 microm, respectively. Capability to perform real time small animal imaging is demonstrated in vivo in transgenic mice.
Resource contention detection and management for consolidated workloads (2013)

Public and private cloud computing environments typically employ virtualization methods to consolidate application workloads onto shared servers. Modern servers typically have one or more sockets each with one or more computing cores, a multi-level caching hierarchy, a memory subsystem, and an interconnect to the memory of other sockets. While resource management methods may manage application performance by controlling the sharing of processing time and input-output rates, there is generally no management of contention for virtualization kernel resources or for the memory hierarchy and subsystems. Yet such contention can have a significant impact on application performance. Hardware platform specific counters have been proposed for detecting such contention. We show that such counters are not always sufficient for detecting contention. We propose a software probe based approach for detecting contention for shared platform resources and demonstrate its effectiveness. We show that the probe imposes a low overhead and is remarkably effective at detecting performance degradations due to inter-VM interference over a wide variety of workload scenarios. Our approach supports the management of workload placement on shared servers and pools of shared servers.
Utilization of a novel interactive mobile health platform to evaluate functional outcomes and pain following septoplasty and functional endoscopic sinus surgery (2018)

With its high response rate, mobile digital patient engagement platforms may effectively track postoperative outcomes with the potential for reduced sample bias.
Stand-off detection of hidden threat objects on personnel at checkpoints and in public areas using active millimetre-wave imaging (2004)

The use of millimetre-wave imaging to identify threat objects such as guns and bomb material concealed on the person is well documented. However, the technology has been hindered by the performance and cost barriers typically associated with imaging at mm-wave frequencies. A novel scanning technique that minimises the receiver count while operating at very high efficiency levels has made it possible to build a cost-effective and high-performance mm-wave imager that can make security screening a commercial reality. The imager design allows for either passive or active operation and its compact form factor is suitable for practical installation in security channel situations. The uses of this technology include portal screening of personnel for high-resolution imaging of concealed threat objects or longer distance surveillance type monitoring of checkpoints and crowds. This presentation details the use of the imager in an active configuration to observe a checkpoint or crowd scene at stand-off distances of up to 50 metres. Target objects to be detected are the hidden metal components associated with suicide bomb constructions. A typical bomb consists of several explosive filled pipes strapped to the body or clusterings of small metallic objects embedded in explosives. Trials at 94GHz have yielded positive results by showing the presence of concealed metallic objects on people at distances of 25 metres. Objects detected have included simulated bomb constructions such as groups of metal pipes and clusters of nuts and bolts. These tests have been conducted using a Gunn based CW source and direct detect receiver unit. Further enhancement of the system includes the use of an FMCW front-end configuration.
High resolution study on laser fabrication inside diamond (Conference Presentation) (2018)

Recent advances in the manufacture of synthetic diamond are creating new opportunities for diamond as a material for advanced technology. Laser writing with femtosecond pulses enables 3D fabrication of a variety of components inside diamond for a range of applications. Focusing at high numerical aperture inside the diamond, with adaptive optics used for aberration correction, non-linear absorption leads to a perturbation of the diamond structure on a scale less than a micrometre, without any damage to the surrounding material or surface. Working in different fabrication regimes, it is possible to generate in the same system electrically conductive wires, optical waveguides and coherent colour centres. In this talk, we present our new results on structural characterisation of the laser modifications within diamond. These include the extraction of a cross-section from a laser written wire using a focused ion beam, which is subsequently thinned and analysed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). This reveals the internal structure of the laser written features, crucially showing that there is no bulk conversion of the diamond and sp2 bonded carbon is only formed within small 100-nm scale clusters. The sp2 clusters are accompanied by micro-cracks in the principal diamond cleavage plane which mediate the generated stress.
Overview of 3GPP Release 14 Further Enhanced MTC (2018)

A major step was taken in 3GPP Release 13 to support the Internet of Things (IoT) and machinetype communications (MTC) for LTE by the introduction of the LTE-M device Category M1. In Release 14, LTE-M has been further enhanced by features in important areas. In this article these features are described and explained. The range of possible use cases that can be addressed by LTE-M devices is greatly improved through the introduction of data rate improvements for device Category M1 and the new device Category M2, which increases the maximum supported data rates, the support for location services with significantly improved accuracy, and support for multicast to enable, for example, simultaneous firmware downloads to a multitude of devices. Release 14 also improves the ability of LTE-M to support voice services by means of a set of specific optimizations. Furthermore, the higher bit rates are beneficial for the LTE-M fulfillment of 5G requirements.
Abstract 3818: Notch1 Receptor Blockade Results in Dilated Cardiomyopathy in the Neonatal Mouse Heart (2008)

The objective of this study was to determine whether Notch1 receptor plays a crucial role in the commitment of c-kit-positive cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) to the myocyte lineage. This possibility was tested in the neonatal mouse heart because of the dramatic increase in the myocyte compartment early postnatally. CPCs are located within the primitive heart and their number increases progressively with gestational age and after birth. c-kit colocalizes with transcription factors and contractile proteins specific of myocytes, pointing to a lineage relationship between CPCs and myocytes in the prenatal and postnatal heart. Notch1 intracellular domain (N1ICD) was consistently found together with Nkx2.5 suggesting that Notch1 receptor represents an early determinant of myocyte differentiation. The critical function of Notch1 in the generation of myocytes was established by interfering with this pathway through the administration of a γ-secretase inhibitor to newborn mice for 3–7 days; γ-secretase inhibition opposes the cleavage of the active fragment of Notch and initiation of transcription. Treated mice showed a dilated myopathy characterized by decreased muscle mass, wall thinning and impaired fractional shortening and ejection fraction. There was also a marked reduction in the fraction of CPCs and myocytes expressing the Notch1 active fragment N1ICD. Myocyte number decreased 28% while myocyte volume remained constant, suggesting that Notch1 blockade affects myocyte formation and conditions the development of a dilated myopathy. This hypothesis is supported further by a 57% decrease in replicating myocytes positive for Ki67. These anatomical and functional changes were accompanied by downregulation of Nkx2.5 transcripts in the pathologic heart. A perfect consensus site for the target gene of Notch, RBP-Jk, was recognized in the promoter of Nkx2.5. The formation of a functional complex between Nkx2.5 promoter and RBP-Jk protein was demonstrated by electrophoretic mobility assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assay. In conclusion, Notch1 promotes the commitment of CPCs to the myocyte lineage and inhibition of Notch1 interferes with cardiomyogenesis leading to a dilated cardiomyopathy in the postnatal heart.
EFECTO DEL GRADIENTE Y ASPECTO DE LA PENDIENTE EN LA EROSION DE LADERAS DE SECANO DE CHILE CENTRAL (2007)

INTRODUCCION. La geomorfologia y el regimen pluviometrico determinan procesos de erosion hidrica alarmantes de los suelos de Chile. Este tipo de degradacion es exacerbado por practicas agricolas inadecuadas, por eventos de precipitacion concentrados en invierno y suelos en posicion de ladera desprovistos de cubierta vegetal. Considerando que una de las zonas silvoagropecuarias con mayor degradacion de suelos por erosion la constituye el secano de la Cordillera de la Costa, en el centro del pais, se precisa estimar la dinamica erosiva de los suelos en esta macro-region ante distintos escenarios de uso del recurso.
All-epitaxial resonant cavity enhanced long-wave infrared detectors for focal plane arrays (2023)

We demonstrate a monolithic all-epitaxial resonant-cavity architecture for long-wave infrared photodetectors with substrate-side illumination. An nBn detector with an ultra-thin (t≈350 nm) absorber layer is integrated into a leaky resonant cavity, formed using semi-transparent highly doped (n++) epitaxial layers, and aligned to the anti-node of the cavity's standing wave. The devices are characterized electrically and optically and demonstrate an external quantum efficiency of ∼25% at T=180 K in an architecture compatible with focal plane array configurations.
Chromosomal locations of mouse immunoglobulin genes. (1978)

The chromosomal locations of the structural genes coding for the constant portions of mouse heavy (H) and light chain immunoglobulins were studied by molecular hybridization techniques. Complementary DNA probes containing the constant-region sequences of kappa and lambdaI light chain and alpha, gamma2b, and mu heavy chain mRNAs were annealed to a large excess of DNA from a series of eight mouse-human hybrid cell lines that are deficient for various mouse chromosomes. The lines were scored as positive when a high proportion of a probe annealed and negative when an insignificant proportion annealed. Some lines were clearly negative for H and lambda and clearly positive for kappa. Others were positive or intermediate for lambda, positive for kappa and negative for H. Still others, including a line that was selected for the absence of the mouse X chromosome, were positive for all immunoglobulin species. These results demonstrate that the Clambda, Ckappa, and CH genes are located on different autosomes in the mouse. In contrast, the three heavy-chain families exhibited consistently uniform hybridization results, suggesting that the genes for Calpha, Cgamma, and Cmu are located on the same chromosome. A comparison of karyotypic data with hybridization data has limited the possible locations of the Ig genes to only a few chromosomes.
Genetic Variation and Expected per Cycle Biomass Yield Gain in Lowland Switchgrass (2018)

Switchgrass ( Panicum virgatum L.), a native of the North American prairies, has been selected for bioenergy research. With a focus on biomass yield improvement, this study aim (i) to estimate the genetic variation in biomass yield and important agronomic traits in ‘Alamo’, (ii) to determine correlations between biomass yield and agronomic traits, and (iii) to compare efficiency of phenotypic selection from a sward plot and advanced cycle half‐sibs (ACHS) on the basis of space‐plant performance. Sixty‐two Alamo half‐sib families (AHS) from a 4‐yr‐old Alamo sward and 20 advanced cycle half‐sib families (ACHS) were evaluated in replicated field trials under simulated swards in Knoxville and Crossville, TN. Results showed significant variation ( P &lt; 0.05) among AHS for biomass yield, tillering ability, and spring vigor, suggesting the importance of additive genetic variation in these traits. Overall mean biomass yield of AHS was not different from the Alamo control, demonstrating the inefficiency of phenotypic selection from swards. Mean biomass yield of ACHS was 15 and 20% less than that of the control and AHS, respectively. Such results could be attributable to the influence of environment and genotype × environment interaction. However, results showed great potential for biomass yield improvement through selection on the basis of family performance. Using 10% selection intensity, parental control of two, and a narrow‐sense heritability estimate of 0.11, gain per cycle selection from half‐sib family selection is estimated to be 23%. Spring vigor showed potential use for indirect selection due to its high genetic correlation ( r G = 0.75) with biomass yield. However, it is impeded by the low heritability estimate ( h 2 = 0.34).
Dynamic Channel and Interface Management in Multi-Channel Multi-Interface Wireless Access Networks (2010)

Availability of multiple channels and multiple radio interfaces can lead to substantial improvements in the performance of wireless access networks. The optimal allocation of available channels to the users with multiple interfaces however is not a trivial problem especially in a dynamically varying system. In this paper, we will consider the problem of channel and radio interface management in multi-channel multi-interface wireless access networks. In our model, there is a set of orthogonal channels which is shared among several users. Furthermore, each user is equipped with a fixed number of radio interfaces through which it can communicate with the access point. We also consider exogenous stochastic packet arrivals for each user which may be queued for future transmissions. We introduce a general modelling for multi-channel multi-interface wireless access networks for which we propose a throughput optimal channel/interface allocation policy that stabilizes the system for all the arrival rates strictly inside the stability region. We show that the optimal policy determination is equivalent to finding the maximum weighted matching in a bipartite graph at every time slot. Finally, we characterize the stability region for specific cases of the proposed model. Simulation is used to compare the performance of the optimal policy with some other policies in terms of average total queue occupancy.
Smallest Peptoids with Antiproliferative Activity on Human Neoplastic Cells (2007)

Libraries of new, small peptoid monomers and dipeptoids were synthesized and assayed for antiproliferative activity against representative human neoplastic cell lines. The C-terminal N-alkyl amide peptoids are cytotoxic and are the smallest peptoids reported to have such activity. These compounds were conveniently synthesized on a BAL resin. Owing to their structure, the peptoids did not suffer from DKP formation, a problematic side reaction typically observed in peptide and peptoid synthesis.
White light excitation of the near infrared Er3+ emission in exchanged zeolite sensitised by oxygen vacancies (2011)

A new material based on Er(3+)-exchanged zeolite L crystals, in which oxygen vacancies have been generated, is proposed as an efficient emitter in the near infrared third telecommunication window. The rare earth ions photoluminescence is efficiently generated by energy transfer from the excited oxygen vacancies, which act as wide range light harvesters. The proposed material can be excited in the whole Near UV-VIS-NIR spectral range from 355 to 700 nm, thus representing the first step toward versatile, zeolite based NIR sources that can be excited with white light.
Surface potential change with droplet formation and Cu watermark growth by electrochemical oxidation resulting therefrom (2014)

To reveal the mechanism of watermark formation on a Cu film, the Volta potential in a droplet area on Cu was evaluated using the scanning Kelvin-probe method. The droplet area on Cu exhibited an upward convex potential profile, indicating that the electrochemical reactions were more active in the areas around the droplet than at the center of the droplet. On the other hand, Si exhibited a profile converse to that of Cu: electrochemical reactions were more active at the center of the droplet area than in the areas around it. These evaluations revealed that the pinning and ring-shaped watermark formation at the droplet area on a Cu film resulted from the said Volta potential profile.