gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Physical Origin of Transient Negative Capacitance in a Ferroelectric Capacitor (2018)

The unusual transient negative differential capacitance (NC) of a resistor--ferroelectric (FE) capacitor circuit is of keen interest for use in next-generation transistors, but a clear physical picture and theoretical framework are needed to interpret experiments. The authors show both numerically and analytically that transient NC comes from the mismatch of free charge and polarization in the capacitor during polarization switching, and a procedure to experimentally determine the viscosity coefficient in Landau theory is provided. These results should have real impact on metrology and device physics involving the NC effect.
Analysis of thermal fluctuations in the semiscale tests to determine flow transit delay times using a transfer function cross-correlation technique (1977)

On April 14, 1976, EG and G performed the Semiscale Blowdown 29-1 experiment to try to establish the feasibility of using a transit time flowmeter (TTF) to measure transient blowdown two-phase flow rates. The recorded signals from that experiment were made available to and analyzed by the Argonne National Laboratory using the transfer function cross-correlation technique. The theoretical background for the transfer function method of analysis and the results of the data analysis are presented. Histograms of transit time during the blowdown are shown and topics for further investigation are identified.
In vitro studies on adult cardiac myocytes: Attachment and biosynthesis of collagen type IV and laminin (1988)

The interactions between adult rat cardiac myocytes and the basement membrane components collagen type IV and laminin were investigated in attachment experiments and biosynthesis studies and by immunofluorescence staining. Adult myocytes attached equally well to native collagen type IV and laminin but did not attach to collagen type IV solubilized with pepsin (P-CIV) or to collagen type I. However, when laminin was used to coat P-CIV, attachment was enhanced. Affinity-purified antibodies against laminin inhibited the attachment of myocytes to dishes coated with native collagen type IV, indicating that cell surface-bound laminin mediated attachment of the cells to this substrate. Immunofluorescence staining of freshly isolated myocytes, using antibodies against laminin or collagen type IV, revealed the presence of laminin but not of collagen type IV on the surface of freshly isolated cells, indicating that during the isolation procedure collagen IV was removed from the cell surface. Metabolic labeling followed by immunoprecipitation demonstrated synthesis of both laminin and collagen type IV in cardiac myocytes as they progressed into culture over a 14-day period. This synthesis was accompanied by the deposition of the collagen type IV and laminin into distinctly different patterns as revealed by immunofluorescence staining. As the cells progressed into culture, newly synthesized laminin formed a network radiating from the center of the reorganizing cell into the pseudopods. The laminin was redistributed and remodeled with time in culture to form a dense layer beneath the cell. Collagen type IV was also synthesized with time in culture, but the pattern was a much finer network as opposed to the denser pattern of laminin staining. These studies demonstrate that adult cardiac myocytes synthesize and remodel the basement membrane as they adapt to the culture environment.
The five-minute rule twenty years later, and how flash memory changes the rules (2007)

In 1987, Gray and Putzolo presented the five-minute rule, which was reviewed and renewed ten years later in 1997. With the advent of flash memory in the gap between traditional RAM main memory and traditional disk systems, the five-minute rule now applies to large pages appropriate for today's disks and their fast transfer bandwidths, and it also applies to flash disks holding small pages appropriate for their fast access latency.
Low contact resistance of poly-plug structure by in-situ HF-vapour cleaning (2000)

A low contact-resistance poly-plug structure realised by in-situ HF-vapour cleaning in a clustered tool is described. The native oxide in the contact area can be efficiently removed by the combination of an HF-dipping and in-situ HF-vapour cleaning process, resulting in a low specific contact resistance.
A Distributed Relay-Assignment Algorithm for Cooperative Communications in Wireless Networks (2006)

A crucial challenge in the implementation of a cooperative diversity protocol is how to assign source-relay pairs. In this paper, we address this problem under the knowledge of the users' spatial distribution and we propose a distributed relay-assignment algorithm for cooperative communications. In the proposed algorithm, the relay is chosen to be the nearestneighbor to the user towards the base-station (access-point). An outage analysis for the proposed scheme is provided under a random spatial distribution for the users, and an approximate expression for the outage probability is derived. Simulation results for indoor wireless local area networks (WLAN) are provided. By utilizing the proposed protocol, simulation results indicate a significant gain in coverage area over the direct transmission scheme under fairly the same bandwidth efficiency and fixed average transmitted power. A 350% increase in the coverage area can be achieved by the distributed Nearest-neighbor protocols. This coverage increase can also be translated to energy efficiency over direct transmission when fixing the total coverage area.
AB044. PS02.08: Surgery for TET in the era of translational research: towards a workflow model incorporating the biobank (2017)

Background: In recent years the role of surgery for thymic epithelial tumors (TET) has become multi-faceted. In a rapidly evolving scenario such that of modern oncology, availability of quality tissue samples has become of paramount importance for research. Tumor banks are involved in the identification of significant genetic, molecular and environmental biomarkers; blood constitutes a source of matched normal counterpart and serum/plasma provide further derivatives essential to research. In addition to frozen tissues and blood/serum derivatives, an archival (paraffin-embedded) tissue biobank allows retrospective analyses. Standard operating procedures, dedicated infrastructures and software are among the requisites for optimal biobanking in the era of precision medicine. Surgery departments are expected to build workflow models including Biobanks as a pivotal element in the management of patients with rare tumors such as TET. As a Thoracic Surgery Unit, in recent years we have been collaborating with our Biobank (BBIRE) including TET as a major focus of research interest, incorporating dedicated procedures in our clinical practice and helping BBIRE providing high quality samples to in-house, national and international research projects. A continuous collaboration and sharing of well-annotated cases has also been established with the Referral Center for Rare Tumors of the Campania Region for new and archival tissue cases. Basing now on the renovated institutional support, our aim is to implement the biobanking workflow. Methods: Implementation of our workflow models, shared with the institutional Biobank, is ongoing by improving infrastructure setting, sample traceability, quality controls refining and ethical committee involvement. Conclusions: This multidisciplinary procedure derives from a shared increasing interest in TET. As Thoracic Surgery we are setting the stage for future contribution to molecular studies and for support of national and international clinical studies.
Accelerated Diabetes in Rat Insulin Promoter-Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Transgenic Nonobese Diabetic Mice Lacking Major Histocompatibility Class II Molecules (2003)

The major predisposing genetic component in type 1 diabetes maps to the major histocompatibility complex locus in both mice and humans. To verify the HLA class II association with disease pathogenesis, we adopted the transgenic approach. Expression of HLA-DQ8, the molecule showing the strongest association with human type 1 diabetes, in the diabetes-predisposing milieu of NOD mice in the absence of the endogenous class II molecule I-A(g7) did not render susceptibility to type 1 diabetes. To study if providing a local proinflammatory environment would lead to diabetes in these mice, Abeta(o).NOD.DQ8 were bred with C57BL/6 mice expressing tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in the beta-cells of the islets of Langerhans. Surprisingly, although diabetes was evident in the F1 intercross expressing rat insulin promoter (RIP)-TNF, offspring lacking either endogenous or transgenic class II molecules developed accelerated diabetes with high frequency in both sexes. Moreover, expression of any functional class II molecule seemed to confer significant protection from diabetes in this model. Thus, neonatal expression of TNF-alpha in an islet-specific manner bypassed the requirement of CD4(+) T-cells and resulted in diabetes that could be mediated by CD8(+) T-cells. We also show for the first time that diabetes in NOD.RIP-TNF mice can occur independent of inheritance of NOD-derived idd1.
Effect of Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Hormone (LHRH) and [d-Trp6, Des-Gly-NH210]LHRH Ethylamide on α-Subunit and LHβ Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Levels in Rat Anterior Pituitary Cells in Culture (1988)

The effect of incubation with LHRH and its agonist [D-Trp6, des-Gly-NH2(10)]LHRH ethylamide has been measured on the concentrations of mRNAs for the common alpha-subunit of glycoprotein hormones and beta-LH in rat anterior pituitary cells in primary culture. After incubation, total RNA was analyzed by Northern blot or dot blot hybridization with alpha- and LH beta 32P-labeled cRNA probes and mRNA levels were quantified by autoradiography. Short-term treatment (4-6 h) of pituitary cells with 100 nM LHRH led to a marked stimulation of LH release but no effect was observed on alpha-subunit or LH beta mRNA levels. Longer (24-72 h) incubation periods with LHRH led to complete desensitization of the LH response to the neurohormone and induced 2- to 3-fold increases in alpha-mRNA cell content while LH beta mRNA levels remained unchanged. Maximal induction of alpha mRNA accumulation was observed with an LHRH concentration as low as 0.1 nM. Incubation with the LHRH agonist [D-Trp6, des-Gly-NH2(10)]LHRH ethylamide for 24-72 h also increased alpha mRNA but did not modify LH-beta mRNA levels. It is concluded that long-term exposure of anterior pituitary cells to LHRH or to an LHRH agonist positively regulates alpha-subunit gene expression in the absence of change in LH beta mRNA levels. This observation can provide an explanation for the high plasma levels of free alpha-subunits found in patients treated chronically with LHRH agonists.
Case study of a groundwater source heat pump at a coastal aquifer (2023)

A groundwater source heat pump (GWHP) system for heating and cooling of building is a proven technology which has been adapted worldwide. This system is located at a coastal aquifer consisted of sand and gravel sedimentary layers. The groundwater flow direction towards to coastline and the aquifer thickness is around 24m which is the same depth of pumping and injection wells. The purpose of the GWHP is water heating for a commercial bath facility and the installed heat pump capacity is 396 kW. The groundwater pumping rate is around 1000 m3/day at three wells and the thermally wasted water through heat exchanger reinjects to three injection wells. The pumping tests were conducted to calculate hydraulic parameters. The system operates 6 hours per day with a break of once a month period, and we analyzed the monitoring data of more than one year. At the pumping well the entering water temperatures ranges from 6.0 to 14.7&amp;#176;C, and the groundwater temperature range of injection well is between 2.0 and 8.3&amp;#176;C. From the assumed hydraulic parameters, boundary conditions of operation time, and water levels measured during pumping tests, the groundwater flow and thermal diffusion were simulated by FEFLOW numerical modeling. The simulation model could represent the area of thermal diffusion according to the operation time.&amp;#160;&amp;#160;Acknowledgment: This study is conducted by KIGAM basic project &amp;#8216;Development for Climate Change Adaptation Technologies for Securing and Utilization Large-Scale Groundwater Resources (23-3411)&amp;#8217;
Zero-Voltage-Switching Auxiliary Circuit for Minimized Inductance Requirement in Series-Resonant DC/DC Converter Systems (2020)

For power electronic converter systems, the cost and the size of the magnetic components are typically limiting factors when it comes to overall production costs and power density. This especially holds for soft-switching high-frequency applications, where a resonant discharge of the output capacitances of the semiconductors relies on sufficient amount of energy stored in the main magnetic components, i.e., inductors or transformers, yielding a substantial increase in their volumes. In this article, an alternative solution is introduced, where a small auxiliary circuit is used to ensure soft-switching of the power transistors, whereby the aforementioned volume of the main magnetic components can be significantly reduced. The proposed auxiliary circuit provides zero-voltage-switching conditions independent of the applied voltages, the switching frequency, and the output power level, without significantly increasing the circuit complexity or the control effort. The new concept is first analyzed based on simple analytical calculations and circuit simulations, and is then experimentally verified by means of hardware demonstrators related to a 3.6-kW 250-500V/250-500V series-resonant dc/dc converter application. Finally, it is shown that the auxiliary circuit can also be used to precharge the output capacitor of a converter system, which allows to further reduce the size of the main magnetic components.
A new class-based early termination method for fast motion estimation in video coding (2009)

Motion Estimation (ME) is one of the most time-consuming parts in video coding. It is always desirable to develop fast ME algorithms to reduce the ME complexity. In this paper, a new early termination method is proposed for fast motion estimation. The proposed method first classifies each macroblock into one of three classes based on the estimation of the possible matching cost improvement from future search points. Different early termination strategies are then applied to different classes. Experimental results show that the proposed method can significantly reduce the search points with little quality degradation.
Hippocampal transverse relaxation times in patients with Alzheimer disease. (1997)

MR relaxation time measurements in the hippocampus are not useful for the detection of Alzheimer disease.
Direct Organocatalytic Asymmetric Epoxidation of α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Coordination of dual robot arms using kinematic redundancy (1989)

A novel method is developed to coordinate the motion of dual robot arms carrying a solid object, where the first robot (leader) grasps one end of the object rigidly and the second robot (follower) is allowed to change its grasping position at the other end of the object along the object surface while supporting the object. It is shown that this flexible grasping is equivalent to the addition of one more degree of freedom, giving the follower more maneuvering capabilities. In particular, motion commands for the follower are generated by using kinematic redundancy. To show the utility and power of the method, a system with two PUMA 560 robots carrying a beam is analyzed in detail.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Trichostatin A induces 5‐lipoxygenase promoter activity and mRNA expression via inhibition of histone deacetylase 2 and 3 (2011)

The 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) is the key enzyme in the formation of leukotrienes. We have previously shown that the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) activates 5-LO transcription via recruitment of Sp1, Sp3 and RNA polymerase II to the proximal promoter. To identify the HDACs involved in the regulation of 5-LO promoter activity isoform-specific HDAC inhibitors were applied. 5-LO promoter activity and mRNA expression were up-regulated by the class I HDAC inhibitors apicidin and MS-275 but not by class II inhibitors. Knockdown of HDAC 1, 2 and 3 revealed that HDAC2 and HDAC3 but not HDAC1 is involved in the up-regulation of 5-LO mRNA expression. To analyse the chromatin modifications at the 5-LO promoter associated with HDAC inhibition, the time course of 5-LO mRNA induction by trichostatin A was investigated and the concomitant changes in histone modifications at the 5-LO promoter in HL-60, U937 and Mono Mac6 cells were determined. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that trichostatin A increases acetylation of histones H3 and H4 at the 5-LO core promoter in HL-60 and U937 cells whereas no significant changes were observed in Mono Mac6 cells. The appearance of H3 and H4 acetylation preceded the 5-LO mRNA induction whereas in all three cell lines, induction of 5-LO mRNA expression correlated with histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3), a marker for transcriptional activity of gene promoters.
GLP-1 directed delivery of dexamethasone ameliorates hypothalamic inflammation and reverses diet-induced obesity (2016)

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences in endocrinology ISSN 1470-3947 (print) | ISSN 1479-6848 (online)
Changes to International Nonproprietary Names for antibody therapeutics 2017 and beyond: of mice, men and more (2017)

Active pharmaceutical substances require an International Nonproprietary Name (INN) assigned by the World Health Organization (WHO) to obtain market authorization as a medicinal product. INNs are selected to represent a unique, generic name for a drug enabling unambiguous identification by stakeholders worldwide. INNs may be requested after initiating clinical development of an investigational drug. Pharmaceutical classes are indicated by a common stem or suffix. Currently, INNs for monoclonal antibody-based drugs are recognized by the suffix, -mab, preceded by a source infix such as -xi- (chimeric), -zu- (humanized) or -u- (human) designating the species from which the antibody was derived. However, many technological advances have made it increasingly difficult to accurately capture an antibody's source in its name. In 2014, the WHO and the United States Adopted Names (USAN) Council approached this challenge by implementing changes to antibody source infix definitions. Unfortunately, gaps and ambiguities in the definitions and procedures resulted in inconsistent source category assignments and widespread confusion. The Antibody Society, extensively supported by academic and industry scientists, voiced concerns leading to constructive dialog during scheduled consultations with WHO and USAN Council representatives. In June 2017, the WHO announced that use of the source infix will be discontinued for new antibody INNs effective immediately. We fully support this change as it better aligns antibody INNs with current and foreseeable future innovations in antibody therapeutics. Here we review the changes implemented. Additionally, we analyzed antibody INNs recently assigned under the previous 2014 definitions and provide recommendations for further alignment.
System and method for computed axial lithography (CAL) for 3D additive manufacturing (2023)

A method of forming a three dimensional (3D) object is disclosed. The method may involve providing a volume of photo-curable resin contained within an optically transparent resin container, and simultaneously directing optical projections from an optical subsystem at a plurality of angles θ through the volume of photo-curable resin. The optical beams are directed about a z axis extending through the volume of photo-curable resin. Each of the projections is provided with a calculated 2D spatial intensity function which creates a 3D intensity map. The projections act over a fixed temporal exposure period, during which the net exposure dose is sufficient to cure select portions of the volume of photo-curable resin, and to leave other portions uncured, to form a desired 3D part.
Species Specific Bacterial Spore Detection Using Lateral-Flow Immunoassay with DPA-Triggered Tb Luminescence (2003)

A method of detecting bacterial spores incorporates (1) A method of lateral-flow immunoassay in combination with (2) A method based on the luminescence of Tb3+ ions to which molecules of dipicolinic acid (DPA) released from the spores have become bound. The present combination of lateral-flow immunoassay and DPA-triggered Tb luminescence was developed as a superior alternative to a prior lateral-flow immunoassay method in which detection involves the visual observation and/or measurement of red light scattered from colloidal gold nanoparticles. The advantage of the present combination method is that it affords both (1) High selectivity for spores of the species of bacteria that one seeks to detect (a characteristic of lateral-flow immunoassay in general) and (2) Detection sensitivity much greater (by virtue of the use of DPA-triggered Tb luminescence instead of gold nanoparticles) than that of the prior lateral-flow immunoassay method
Transmitter for Calibrating Extinction Ratio Measurements of Optical Receivers (2009)

We describe a transmitter being developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology for calibrating extinction ratio measurements of optical receivers. Preliminary measurement results are presented, and major uncertainty components are discussed.
Investigation of Axial and Angular Sampling in Multi-Detector Pinhole-SPECT Brain Imaging (2020)

We designed a dedicated multi-detector multi-pinhole brain SPECT scanner to generate images of higher quality compared to general-purpose systems. The system, AdaptiSPECT-C, is intended to adapt its sensitivity-resolution trade-off by varying its aperture configurations allowing both high-sensitivity dynamic and high-spatial-resolution static imaging. The current system design consists of 23 detector heads arranged in a truncated spherical geometry. In this work, we investigated the axial and angular sampling capability of the current stationary system design. Two data acquisition schemes using limited rotation of the gantry and two others using axial translation of the imaging bed were also evaluated concerning their impact on image quality through improved sampling. Increasing both angular and axial sampling in the current prototype system resulted in quantitative improvements in image quality metrics and qualitative appearance of the images as determined in studies with specifically selected phantoms. Visual improvements for the brain phantoms with clinical distributions were less pronounced but presented quantitative improvements in the fidelity (normalized root-mean-square error (NRMSE)) and striatal specific binding ratio (SBR) for a dopamine transporter (DAT) distribution, and in NRMSE and activity recovery for a brain perfusion distribution. More pronounced improvements with increased sampling were seen in contrast recovery coefficient, bias, and coefficient of variation for a lesion in the brain perfusion distribution. The negligible impact of the most cranial ring of detectors on axial sampling, but its significant impact on sensitivity and angular sampling in the cranial portion of the imaging volume-of-interest were also determined.
On Optimal Modulation and FEC Overhead for Future Optical Networks (2015)

Transceivers employing square PM-QAM with up to two FEC overheads are optimized based on the SNR distribution. For NSFNET two FEC overheads with PM-16QAM give an 82% throughput increase compared with PM-QPSK with 7% overhead.