gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantitation of activating signaling microclusters’ size and dynamics and their influence on killing kinetics by cytotoxic lymphocytes (TECH2P.915) (2015)

Abstract Stimulation of cytotoxic lymphocytes via activating receptors results in aggregation of the receptors and recruitment of proximal signaling proteins at distinct location of the contact surface term signaling microclusters. The microclusters that are initially arise in the periphery of the contact surface then move centripetally to the center and signal when they are on the move. We examined the size and dynamics of CD16 activating signaling microclusters at the interface of CD16.NK-92 cells and supported lipid bilayers containing anti-CD16 antibody and ICAM-1, a ligand for integrin receptors, at different densities. We have found that variations in the ligation of integrins but not CD16 receptor significantly affect the microclusters’ size and their displacement and mobility. These and other data provided evidence that integrin signaling effectively modulate activating receptor proximal signaling and regulate the kinetics of cytolytic granule delivery and killing kinetics by cytotoxic lymphocytes.
Blocking Cytochrome c Activity within Intact Neurons Inhibits Apoptosis (1998)

Cytochrome c has been shown to play a role in cell-free models of apoptosis. During NGF withdrawal-induced apoptosis of intact rat superior cervical ganglion (SCG) neurons, we observe the redistribution of cytochrome c from the mitochondria to the cytoplasm. This redistribution is not inhibited by the caspase inhibitor Z-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethylketone (ZVADfmk) but is blocked by either of the neuronal survival agents 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (CPT-cAMP) or cycloheximide. Moreover, microinjection of SCG neurons with antibody to cytochrome c blocks NGF withdrawal-induced apoptosis. However, microinjection of SCG neurons with cytochrome c does not alter the rate of apoptosis in either the presence or absence of NGF. These data suggest that cytochrome c is an intrinsic but not limiting component of the neuronal apoptotic pathway.
Simple thermodynamic diagrams for real refrigeration systems (1999)

The thermodynamic performance of real irreversible cooling and refrigeration systems (chillers) can be summarized in simple rectangular temperature-entropy diagrams, in analogy to classic pedagogical examples for idealized reversible devices. The key to translating complex dissipative losses into this graphical framework is the process average temperature—a factor that can be calculated from nonintrusive experimental measurements, for converting entropy production into lost work. An uncomplicated thermodynamic model is used to transform the governing chiller performance equations into an easily-interpreted graph. Examples based upon actual data from commercial work-driven (reciprocating) and heat-driven (absorption) chillers are presented, and are used to highlight the predominance of internal dissipation in determining chiller efficiency. With the thermodynamic diagram representation, the relative roles of each irreversibility source, as well as the reversible and endoreversible limits, become transparent.
Tailored freeform optical surfaces (2002)

Freeform optical surfaces embedded in three-dimensional space, without any symmetry, are tailored so as to solve the archetypal problem of illumination design: redistribute the radiation of a given small light source onto a given reference surface, thus achieving a desired irradiance distribution on that surface. The shape of the optical surface is found by solving a set of partial nonlinear differential equations. For most cases, a few topologically distinct solutions exist, given suitable boundary conditions.
Arterial Tonometry for Noninvasive, Continuous Blood Pressure Monitoring during Anesthesia (1991)

Arterial tonometry is a technique used to measure arterial blood pressure noninvasively. The authors developed a new tonometer system containing an array of 15 piezoresistive pressure transducers, a mechanical positioning system, signal conditioning and multiplexing electronics, and a display and control console. The authors evaluated the accuracy, reliability, and clinical acceptability of this system by comparing tonometric blood pressure measurements with intraarterial blood pressure measurements in 60 anesthetized patients. Blood pressure was measured intraarterially in either the right or left radial artery by a Gould P23XL calibrated transducer, whereas blood pressure was measured by tonometer at the radial artery of the other arm. The tonometric waveform was similar to the intraarterial waveform. Simultaneous tonometer and intraarterial systolic blood pressures of the 60 patients (3,036 data sets) had an overall regression coefficient, r = 0.97, and an equation, regression equation = 0.95X + 5.8. Similar values were obtained for mean and diastolic pressures. Regression analyses of the paired tonometric and intraarterial blood pressure values showed good correlations in both sexes and in ages ranging from 8 to 82 yr (r = 0.94-0.97). Mean absolute values of error (precision) for the systolic, mean, and diastolic measurements did not differ significantly among the five systolic, five mean, and four diastolic pressure groups and ranged from 3.6 to 6.6 mmHg, with negligible bias, with intraarterial pressure used as the reference. Bias for the various pressure groups was small: -0.9-3.6 mmHg for systolic; -3.0-0.7 mmHg for mean; and -2.1-4.5 mmHg for diastolic. The "limits of agreement" (mean difference +/- two standard deviations) were within an acceptable range for clinical anesthesia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The infection-chronic disease link: chronic kidney disease abate immunity in Porphyromonas gingivalis infection leading to pathogen overgrowth and kidney degeneration (2021)

Abstract Objectives Various studies provide evidence confirming that chronic diseases can derive from infections. Vice versa, chronic disorders impair immune responses and affect the incidence and severity of infections. Methods We investigated the progress of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. g) infection during chronic kidney disease (CKD) and the effects of P.g-overgrowth on CKD. Two infectious models: the alveolar bone-loss or chamber model were applied in CKD mice. We stimulated primary macrophages, B-lymphocytes as well as osteoclasts with P. g in the presence of uremic toxins to characterize immune responses. Results We showed that CKD significantly increased survival and organ-distribution of P.g. We observed a decreased IgGs in sera of CKD mice infected with P.g, indicating an immune depression caused by uremia. Levels of pro-inflammatory factors indicated changes in inflammation and homeostasis. The bone-loss was significantly increased in the CKD group, indicating that uremia affects bone formation. In vitro results revealed that microbiome/pathogen-derived indoxyl sulfate significantly inhibited the formation of TRAP-positive multinucleated osteoclasts. These effects of indoxyl sulfate might be associated with a higher rate and severity of the gingival infections observed in the CKD group. Moreover, infected mice showed a significantly higher progression of CKD. Conclusion This study represents a link between infection and chronic disease. It shows that controlling pathogens’ overgrowth might reduce the morbidity of preexisting chronic kidney disease. Moreover, the efficient removal of indoxyl sulfate by dialysis could be a therapeutic approach to restore local homeostasis and immune responses.
INDIRECT MEASUREMENTS OF ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE PROFILES FROM SATELLITES: V. ATMOSPHERIC SOUNDINGS FROM INFRARED SPECTROMETER MEASUREMENTS AT THE GROUND (1967)

The vertical downward spectral radiances for eight spectral intervals in the 15-µ CO2 band were measured with a spectrometer having a resolution of 5 cm.−1 This experiment was designed to be similar to the proposed experiment in which a satellite-borne spectrometer will measure the vertical upward spectral radiance of the atmosphere. The purpose of each experiment is to determine the temperature distribution in the earth's atmosphere as a function of pressure. The observations were obtained with an IR–7 spectrometer. The mathematical problem of inverting an integral equation for the case of measurements made from the ground is the same as that for satellite and balloon observations. The data and resulting temperature distributions are shown. The agreement between actual and deduced soundings is reasonably good near the ground, but deteriorates with height, as expected.
Characterization of Welds (1997)

Abstract This article reviews nondestructive and destructive test methods used to characterize welds. The first process of characterization discussed involves information that may be obtained by direct visual inspection and measurement of the weld. An overview of nondestructive evaluation is included that encompasses techniques used to characterize the locations and structure of internal and surface defects, including radiography, ultrasonic testing, and liquid penetrant inspection. The next group of characterization procedures discussed is destructive tests, requiring the removal of specimens from the weld. The third component of weld characterization is the measurement of mechanical and corrosion properties. Following the discussion on the characterization procedures, the second part of this article provides examples of how two particular welds were characterized according to these procedures.
Gas-Pressure Sintering of Low-Purity β-Silicon Nitride Powder (1992)

Coarse β-silicon nitride powder of low purity, which was used as a refractory material, was tested as a raw powder for the usage of engineering structural materials. Y2O3-Nd2O3-doped β-Si3N4 was sintered at temperature from 1700°to 1900°C for 4h under 10MPa N2, and the effects of impurities and grain size on the strength, fracture toughness and microstructure were investigated. A dense material was obtained by firing at 1900°C with addition of 2 to 4mol% Y2O3-Nd2O3. The material containing 2mol% oxides fired at 1900°C had a strength of 600MPa and a fracture toughness of 5.3MPa√m. Iron impurity decreased the strength and Weibull modulus. Coarse particles in raw powder suppressed the grain growth, so that the microstructure of self-reinforced composite, which contains in-situ developed elongated rod-like grains, were not obtained.
ChemInform Abstract: Accessing the Disallowed Conformations of Peptides Employing Amide‐to‐Imidate Modification. (2011)

Abstract The compounds (I)‐(IV), which have a modified C‐terminus, show a naturally disallowed conformation in the C‐terminal residue.
Hippocampal Avoidance During Whole-Brain Radiotherapy Plus Memantine for Patients With Brain Metastases: Phase III Trial NRG Oncology CC001 (2020)

HA-WBRT plus memantine better preserves cognitive function and patient-reported symptoms, with no difference in intracranial PFS and OS, and should be considered a standard of care for patients with good performance status who plan to receive WBRT for brain metastases with no metastases in the HA region.
Artificial Activation of Oocytes from Sinclair Miniature Pigs (1996)

Abstract Prather, R.S., Gibson, J. and Parry, T.W. 1996. Artificial activation of oocytes from Sinclair miniature pigs. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 10: 125–134. The experiments reported in this paper are designed to evaluate in Sinclair miniature pig oocytes a number of stimuli that are known to result in activation of domestic pig and mouse oocytes. The rationale for such experiments is two fold: 1) to provide an initial characterization of mechanisms that may be responsible for activation at fertilization in miniature pigs oocytes and 2) to initially characterize methods that may be useful for activating oocytes for nuclear transplantation and cloning. In Experiment 1 all staurosporine treated oocytes activated; whereas, neither treatment with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, nor control media resulted in any activation. In Experiment 2, A23187 resulted in 609c of the oocytes activating while none of the controls activated. Experiment 3 evaluated multiple electrical pulses on oocyte activation, but resulted in no significant difference after six days in culture. Experiment 4 evaluated the effect of including cycloheximide in the culture medium for the first 20 hours of the 6 day culture on the development of electrically activated in vivo matured Sinclair miniature pig oocytes. Inclusion of cycloheximide during the first 20 hours of culture increased (P=0.008) the number of nuclei present after a 6 day culture. Some compact morulae and a blastocyst were obtained after these treatments. It is concluded that in vivo derived oocytes fionz Sinclair miniature pigs respond to activation stimuli in a manner similar to in vitro matured oocytes from domestic pigs, but they are more developmentally competent.
Data from <i>In Vivo</i> Detection of HSP90 Identifies Breast Cancers with Aggressive Behavior (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Hsp90, a chaperone to numerous molecular pathways in malignant cells, is elevated in aggressive breast cancers. We hypothesized that identifying breast cells with elevated Hsp90 activity in situ could result in early detection of aggressive breast cancers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; We exploited the uptake of an Hsp90 inhibitor by malignant cells to create an imaging probe (HS131) of Hsp90 activity by linking it to a near-infrared (nIR) dye. HS131 uptake into cells correlated with cell membrane expression of Hsp90 and was used to image molecular subtypes of murine and human breast cancers &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and in murine models.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; HS131 imaging was both sensitive and specific in detecting the murine 4T1 breast cancer cell line, as well as subclones with differing metastatic potential. Highly metastatic subclones (4T07) had high HS131 uptake, but subclones with lower metastatic potential (67NR, 168FARN) had low HS131 uptake. We generated isogenic cell lines to demonstrate that overexpression of a variety of specific oncogenes resulted in high HS131 uptake and retention. Finally, we demonstrated that HS131 could be used to detect spontaneous tumors in MMTV-neu mice, as well as primary and metastatic human breast cancer xenografts. HS131 could image invasive lobular breast cancer, a histologic subtype of breast cancer which is often undetectable by mammography.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; An HSP90-targeting nIR probe is sensitive and specific in imaging all molecular subtypes of murine and human breast cancer, with higher uptake in aggressive and highly metastatic clones. Clinical studies with Hsp90-targeting nIR probes will be initiated shortly. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 23(24); 7531–42. ©2017 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Autoantibodies to the heat-shock protein hsp90 in systemic lupus erythematosus. (1988)

Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) develop multiple autoantibodies to self-antigens. Analysis of autoantibody systems in this and related autoimmune disorders can provide information of etiologic and pathogenetic significance. We report here a previously unrecognized autoantibody to the 90,000-D heat-shock protein, hsp90, a molecule thought to have important functions in the cellular response to stress, virus-induced transformation, steroid hormone receptor action, and cellular activation. Autoantibodies to hsp90 were exclusively of the IgG class, and were detected in approximately 50% of unselected patients with SLE and 2/6 patients with idiopathic polymyositis. Anti-hsp90 antibodies were not detected in sera from 10 normal subjects, 10 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, or 7 patients with scleroderma. The identity of this major intracytoplasmic antigen was established by its specific removal from nonionic detergent cell lysates following immunoabsorption with monospecific rabbit anti-hsp90, and by demonstration of increased synthesis following a 10-min 45 degrees C heat shock. These data define the frequent occurrence of a novel autoantibody to a major heat-shock protein in patients with SLE.
ARAIM in Flight Using GPS and GLONASS: Initial Results from a Real-time Implementation (2016)

Dynamic, mobile platforms offer the opportunity to analyze robustness to satellite outages due to aircraft maneuvers or other real-world situations where interruptions in continuity, in particular, can potentially be problematic. And real-time implementation serves to demonstrate the state of readiness of the algorithm to meet its intended purpose—providing high-integrity navigation for aircraft. To this end, a flight test was arranged to test ARAIM operation in flight. For this paper, the ARAIM user algorithm was implemented using GPS and GLONASS in real-time in flight at the airport in Atlantic City, NJ. Several flight profiles were flown to inject typical aircraft dynamics into the system. The real-time data was analyzed to understand the effects of aircraft dynamics on receiver on the horizontal and vertical protection levels. It is shown that the ARAIM algorithm may be sensitive to aircraft dynamics and that adequate characterization of the multipath errors and proper mitigation of cycle slips may play a significant role in achieving expected continuity and availability.
In Situ Remediation of Polychlorinated Bephenyls Using Palladium Coated Iron or Magnesium (2003)

The remediation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and other chlorinated synthetic aromatic compounds are of great concern due to their toxicity and persistence in the environment. When released into the environment, PCBs are sorbed to particulate matter that can then disperse over large areas. Although the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has banned the manufacture of PCBs since 1979, they are still present in the environment posing possible adverse health affects to both humans and animals. Thus, it is of utmost importance to develop a method that remediates PCB-contaminated soil, sediments, and water. The objective of our research was to develop an in-situ PCB remediation technique that is applicable for the treatment of soils and sediments. Previous research conducted at the University of Central Florida (UCF) proved the feasibility of using an emulsified system to dehalogenate a dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) source, such as TCE, in the subsurface by means of an in-situ injection. The generation of a hydrophobic emulsion system drew the DNAPL TCE, through the oil membrane where it diffused to the iron particle and underwent degradation. TCE continued to enter, diffuse, degrade and exit the droplet maintaining a concentration gradient across the membrane, thus maintaining the driving force of the reaction.
Gene expression signature discovery with independent component analysis (2003)

With the advent of high throughput DNA microarrays and the large cross section of the gene activity, or expression, that it provides, the potential for the early detection and diagnosis of cancer before morphogenesis has dramatically increased. While many statistical analysis methods, such as cluster analysis, have been developed to tap into this enormous information source, a reliable method of early detection and diagnosis has yet to be developed. In this paper we propose using independent component analysis (ICA) as a first step in a process to identify diseased tissue solely based on its gene expression profile. In the ICA vernacular, a set of tissues samples with a known disease can be viewed as the sensors while certain biological processes, including the manifestation of the disease, can be viewed as the signals. The goal then is to identify one or more demixed signals, or signatures, that can be associated with the given disease. The demixing matrix can then be used to find the biological signals of an unknown sample, which might, in turn, be used for diagnosis when compared to the previously determined disease signatures. In this paper we explore the use of this technique on a previously studied melanoma dataset (Bittner, et. al., 2000).
Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) expression in proliferating thyroid disease (1996)

In order to clarify some of the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of thyroid proliferating diseases we have investigated the role of TGF-beta in thyroid carcinoma, adenoma and multinodular goiter. TGF-beta 1 expression studies were carried out in surgically removed thyroid tissue isolated from 15 patients affected by multinodular goiter, 4 patients affected by papillary carcinoma and 4 patients affected by follicular adenoma. TGF-beta 1 gene expression, evaluated by Northern analysis, dramatically increased in malignant proliferating thyroid disease and decreased drasticly in multinodular goiter patients with respect to normal thyroid. Immunocytochemical analysis demonstrated that TGF-beta 1 is produced by an autocrine mechanism in the carcinoma and in the benign thyroid disease (multinodular goiter), whereas TGF-beta seems to be produced in adenoma tissues in both an autocrine and a paracrine fashion. This feature further supports the hypothesis that TGF-beta may contribute to regulation of thyrocyte growth and differentiation.
Heterogeneous chemical reaction of chlorine nitrate and water on sulfuric‐acid surfaces at room temperature (1987)

It has been demonstrated that the reaction between gaseous chlorine nitrate and water on room temperature liquid sulfuric acid (95.6%) surfaces yields hypochlorous acid in the gas phase. First‐order loss rate constants for chlorine nitrate (equivalent to a value of the sticking coefficient γ = 3.2 × 10 −4 ) have been determined. This value is five orders‐of‐magnitude greater than reported values on similar areas of more inert surfaces. Application of results of this type to stratospheric models must await ongoing studies at lower temperatures.
Structure, Genomic Organization, and Expression of the Arabidopsis thaliana Aconitase Gene (1995)

We report the purification of the unstable aconitase enzyme from melon seeds and the NH2-terminal amino acid sequence determination. Antibodies raised against this protein enabled the first isolation and characterization of cDNA encoding aconitase in plants. A full-length cDNA clone of 3210 base pairs was isolated from a library of cDNA clones derived from immature pods of Arabidopsis thaliana. The amino acid sequence deduced from the open reading frame includes the sequence obtained by direct sequencing of the NH2 terminus of the purified enzyme. Genomic clones of the aconitase gene were isolated, and comparison of the cDNA and genomic sequences reveals that the coding sequence is divided among 20 exons. There are five putative sites for transcription initiation. The aconitase gene is constitutively expressed, but at a low level, during most developmental stages, with a dramatic increase during seed and pollen maturation and during germination. Surprisingly, plant aconitases have reasonably high homology to binding proteins for iron-responsive elements from mammalian species, opening the possibility that a similar type of translational regulation occurs in plants.
Simulation of Mixed SwitchedCapacitor/Digital Networks with SignalDriven Switches (2009)

This paper considers the simulation of mixed switchedcapacitor/digital (SC/D) networks containing capacitors, independent and linear-dependent voltage sources, switches, comparators, and logic gates using a new simulator, SW1TCAP2. The switches, in particular, may be controlled by not only periodic waveforms but also by nonperiodic waveforms from the outputs of comparators and logic gates. The signal-dependent modification of network topology through the comparators, logic gates, and signal-driven switches makes the modeling of various nonlinear switched-capacitor circuits possible. Simulation results for a PCM voice encoder, a sigma-delta modulator, a neural network, and a phase-locked loop (PLL) are presented to demonstrate the flexibility of the approach.