gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differential Modulation of Innate Immune Responses in Human Primary Cells by Influenza A Viruses Carrying Human or Avian Nonstructural Protein 1 (2019)

The influenza A virus (IAV) nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) contributes to disease pathogenesis through the inhibition of host innate immune responses. Dendritic cells (DCs) release interferons (IFNs) and proinflammatory cytokines and promote adaptive immunity upon viral infection. In order to characterize the strain-specific effects of IAV NS1 on human DC activation, we infected human DCs with a panel of recombinant viruses with the same backbone (A/Puerto Rico/08/1934) expressing different NS1 proteins from human and avian origin. We found that these viruses induced a clearly distinct phenotype in DCs. Specifically, viruses expressing NS1 from human IAV (either H1N1 or H3N2) induced higher levels of expression of type I (IFN-α and IFN-β) and type III (IFN-λ1 to IFNλ3) IFNs than viruses expressing avian IAV NS1 proteins (H5N1, H7N9, and H7N2), but the differences observed in the expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines like tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) or interleukin-6 (IL-6) were not significant. In addition, using imaging flow cytometry, we found that human and avian NS1 proteins segregate based on their subcellular trafficking dynamics, which might be associated with the different innate immune profile induced in DCs by viruses expressing those NS1 proteins. Innate immune responses induced by our panel of IAV recombinant viruses were also characterized in normal human bronchial epithelial cells, and the results were consistent with those in DCs. Altogether, our results reveal an increased ability of NS1 from avian viruses to antagonize innate immune responses in human primary cells compared to the ability of NS1 from human viruses, which could contribute to the severe disease induced by avian IAV in humans.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Influenza A viruses (IAVs) cause seasonal epidemics which result in an important health and economic burden. Wild aquatic birds are the natural host of IAV. However, IAV can infect diverse hosts, including humans, domestic poultry, pigs, and others. IAVs circulating in animals occasionally cross the species barrier, infecting humans, which results in mild to very severe disease. In some cases, these viruses can acquire the ability to be transmitted among humans and initiate a pandemic. The nonstructural 1 (NS1) protein of IAV is an important antagonist of the innate immune response. In this study, using recombinant viruses and primary human cells, we show that NS1 proteins from human and avian hosts show intrinsic differences in the modulation of the innate immunity in human dendritic cells and epithelial cells, as well as different cellular localization dynamics in infected cells.
Measuring of the pitch variation of cholesteric liquid crystals under electric field using wavelength-swept laser (2017)

We measure the pitch variation of cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs) according to the applied electric field using a wavelength-swept laser. While the electric field is applied to the CLC, the pitch of the CLC is elongated normal to the direction of electric field. Therefore, the reflection band is shifted to the longer wavelength. When the applied electric field to the CLC cell was over 1.52 V/&mu;m, the reflection band was changed to the longer wavelength of about 75.1 nm. We believe that the dynamic behavior of the CLC can be analyzed if a high-speed wavelength-swept laser is used as an optical source.
Spatial molecular imaging of the human type 2 diabetic islet (2023)

ABSTRACT The islets of Langerhans are complex micro-organs comprised of multiple cell types essential for the maintenance of glucose homeostasis. The endocrine cell types of the islets engage in intimate, intercellular communication that is necessary for normal secretory activity. Disruption of this intercellular communication, which is at least partially dependent on the spatial organization of individual islets, leads to secretory dysfunction and exacerbation of the symptomology of disease states such as type 2 diabetes. However, the molecular determinants of the mechanisms underlying disrupted intercellular communication remain incompletely understood. Herein we describe the utilization of CosMx™ Spatial Molecular Imaging (SMI) to interrogate transcriptomic changes associated with the transition from the obese, prediabetic state to overt type 2 diabetes. Using SMI, we verified previously reported findings regarding islet composition in the obese and type 2 diabetic states, including loss of beta cells and expansion of alpha cell mass. In addition, we identified changes in the islet neighborhood that have implications for the function of islet endocrine cells. In particular, we identified a subset of alpha cells oriented in the periphery of the islets that appear to exhibit a transcriptomic profile suggestive of de-differentiation toward a beta cell-like transcriptome-type. To our knowledge, this is the first study utilizing spatial molecular imaging to investigate single-cell transcriptomes of individual islets. Further exploration of the intersection of islet architecture and gene expression using spatial technologies is expected to yield novel insights into the mechanisms underlying the development and progression of metabolic diseases like type 2 diabetes.
Alkyne insertion reactions of metal-carbenes derived from enynyl-.alpha.-diazoketones [R'CN2COCR2CH2C.tplbond.C(CH2)n-2CH:CH2] (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAlkyne insertion reactions of metal-carbenes derived from enynyl-.alpha.-diazoketones [R'CN2COCR2CH2C.tplbond.C(CH2)n-2CH:CH2]Thomas R. Hoye, Christopher J. Dinsmore, Douglas S. Johnson, and Paul F. KorkowskiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 15, 4518–4520Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00302a010https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00302a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views703Altmetric-Citations83LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Hypoxic Radiosensitization: Adored and Ignored (2007)

Since observations from the beginning of the last century, it has become well established that solid tumors may contain oxygen-deficient hypoxic areas and that cells in such areas may cause tumors to become radioresistant. Identifying hypoxic cells in human tumors has improved by the help of new imaging and physiologic techniques, and a substantial amount of data indicates the presence of hypoxia in many types of human tumors, although with a considerable heterogeneity among individual tumors. Controlled clinical trials during the last 40 years have indicated that this source of radiation resistance can be eliminated or modified by normobaric or hyperbaric oxygen or by the use of nitroimidazoles as hypoxic radiation sensitizers. More recently, attention has been given to hypoxic cytotoxins, a group of drugs that selectively or preferably destroys cells in a hypoxic environment. An updated systematic review identified 10,108 patients in 86 randomized trials designed to modify tumor hypoxia in patients treated with curative attempted primary radiation therapy alone. Overall modification of tumor hypoxia significantly improved the effect of radiotherapy, with an odds ratio of 0.77 (95% CI, 0.71 to 0.86) for the outcome of locoregional control and with an associated significant overall survival benefit (odds ratio = 0.87; 95% CI, 0.80 to 0.95). No significant influence was found on the incidence of distant metastases or on the risk of radiation-related complications. Ample data exist to support a high level of evidence for the benefit of hypoxic modification. However, hypoxic modification still has no impact on general clinical practice.
Prediction of Symptomatic Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection by Quantitative Digital Polymerase Chain Reaction Normalized to International Units (2022)

Although numerous studies have evaluated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection using cycle threshold (Ct) values as a surrogate of viral ribonucleic acid (RNA) load, few studies have used standardized, quantitative methods. We validated a quantitative SARS-CoV-2 digital polymerase chain reaction assay normalized to World Health Organization International Units and correlated viral RNA load with symptoms and disease severity.
3-D Electromagnetic Modeling of EMI Input Filters (2013)

In this paper, a novel 3-D electromagnetic modeling approach which enables electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) analysis of power converter systems in an accurate and computationally efficient way is presented. The 3-D electromagnetic modeling approach, implemented in the EMC simulation tool GeckoEMC, is based on two numerical techniques, the partial element equivalent circuit method and the boundary integral method (PEEC-BIM). The developed PEEC-BIM coupled method enables comprehensive EMC analysis taking into account different effects of the PCB layout, self-parasitics, mutual coupling, shielding, etc., which in turn provides a detailed insight into the electromagnetic behavior of power electronic systems in advance to the implementation of hardware prototypes. The modeling features of the GeckoEMC simulation tool for virtual design of electromagnetic interference (EMI) filters and power converters is demonstrated on the examples of a single-phase two-stage EMI filter and a practical EMI filter for a single-phase PFC input stage. Good agreement between the PEEC-BIM simulation and the small signal transfer function measurement results is achieved over a wide frequency range, from dc up to 30 MHz. The EMC simulation environment enables a step-by-step EMC analysis distinguishing the impact of various electromagnetic effects on the EMI filter performance and allowing an optimal EMI filter design.
P‐147L: Late‐News Poster : Electrical Properties of Oxide TFT with an IGZO/AlO x Stack Grown by Solution‐Based Non‐Vacuum Mist Chemical Vapour Deposition (2012)

Abstract Oxide TFT consisting of both channel layer (IGZO) and gate insulator (AlO x ) grown by mist CVD which is one of suitable techniques for growing thin films continuously under atmosphere was fabricated. In the gate insulator, an AlO x thin film grown at 430°C exhibited the break down field (E BD ) and the dielectric constant (k) of 5.9 MV/cm and 6.8, respectively. In the channel layer, each metal composition ratio of an IGZO thin film grown at 350°C was 16:37:47 (In:Ga:Zn). The field‐effect mobility (μ lin ) and on/off ratio of oxide TFT exhibit 4.2 cm 2 /(V · s) and &gt;10 8 , respectively. By this report, it can be said that the index of non‐vacuum process conversion of the TFT fabrication process was demonstrated.
In-Store Selection of Wine—No Evidence for the Mediation of Music? (2003)

435 visitors to a wine store were observed as part of a field-study replication wherein product purchase was measured under various music conditions. Contrary to previous findings from a much smaller study, the use of stereotypically representative music to mediate associated product choices showed no significant effects.
Spin-orbit torques in locally and globally noncentrosymmetric crystals: Antiferromagnets and ferromagnets (2017)

One of the main obstacles that prevents practical applications of antiferromagnets is the difficulty of manipulating the magnetic order parameter. Recently, following the theoretical prediction [J. \ifmmode \check{Z}\else \v{Z}\fi{}elezn\'y et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 157201 (2014)], the electrical switching of magnetic moments in an antiferromagnet was demonstrated [P. Wadley et al., Science 351, 587 (2016)]. The switching is due to the so-called spin-orbit torque, which has been extensively studied in ferromagnets. In this phenomena a nonequilibrium spin-polarization exchange coupled to the ordered local moments is induced by current, hence exerting a torque on the order parameter. Here we give a general systematic analysis of the symmetry of the spin-orbit torque in locally and globally noncentrosymmetric crystals. We study when the symmetry allows for a nonzero torque, when is the torque effective, and its dependence on the applied current direction and orientation of magnetic moments. For comparison, we consider both antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic orders. In two representative model crystals we perform microscopic calculations of the spin-orbit torque to illustrate its symmetry properties and to highlight conditions under which the spin-orbit torque can be efficient for manipulating antiferromagnetic moments.
Stacking fault formation in the long wavelength InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells grown on m-plane GaN (2010)

Nonpolar GaN-based light emitting diodes (LEDs) and laser diodes (LDs) show great promise. However, long wavelength emitters (λ&amp;gt;500 nm) have reduced performance in comparison with violet and blue nonpolar emitters. We present results of transmission electron microscopy studies of long wavelength (11¯00) m-plane GaN LED series and m-plane GaN LDs grown on high quality bulk GaN substrates. I1 basal plane stacking faults form in the high In content InxGa1−xN quantum wells (x∼0.26) for thicker wells. The I1 faults are bounded by sessile Frank–Shockley partial dislocations that likely limit the radiative efficiency of long wavelength m-plane emitters.
No time to countdown (2011)

Conventional WiFi networks perform channel contention in time domain. This is known to be wasteful because the channel is forced to remain idle while all contending nodes are backing off for multiple time slots. This paper proposes to break away from convention and recreate the backing off operation in the frequency domain. Our basic idea leverages the observation that OFDM subcarriers can be treated as integer numbers. Thus, instead of picking a random backoff duration in time, a contending node can signal on a randomly chosen subcarrier. By employing a second antenna to listen to all the subcarriers, each node can determine whether its chosen integer (or subcarrier) is the smallest among all others. In fact, each node can even determine the rank of its chosen subcarrier, enabling the feasibility of scheduled transmissions after every round of contention. We develop these ideas into a Back2F protocol that migrates WiFi backoff to the frequency domain. Experiments on a prototype of 10 USRPs confirm feasibility, along with consistent throughput gains over 802.11. at high bit rates. Trace based simulations affirm scalability to larger, real-world network topologies.
Distinguishing chronic low back pain in young adults with mild to moderate pain and disability using trunk compliance (2021)

Chronic low back pain (cLBP) rates among younger individuals are rising. Although pain and disability are often less severe, underlying changes in trunk behavior may be responsible for recurrence. We examine the biomarker capacity of a simple Trunk Compliance Index (TCI) to distinguish individuals with and without cLBP. A random subset (n = 49) of the RELIEF RCT were matched to healthy controls for sex, age, height and weight. We measured TCI (as displacement/ weight-normalized perturbation force) using anthropometrically-matched, suddenly-applied pulling perturbations to the trunk segment, randomized across three planes of motion (antero-posterior, medio-lateral, and rotational). Mean differences between cLBP, sex and perturbation direction were assessed with repeated-measures analysis of variance. Discriminatory accuracy of TCI was assessed using Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) analysis. Baseline characteristics between groups were equivalent (x̅ [range]): sex (57% female / group), age (23.0 [18-45], 22.8 [18-45]), height, cm (173.0 [156.5-205], 171.3 [121.2-197], weight, kg (71.8 [44.5-116.6], 71.7 [46.8-117.5]) with cLBP associated with significantly lower TCI for 5 of 6 directions (range mean difference, - 5.35: - 1.49, range 95% CI [- 6.46: - 2.18 to - 4.35: - 0.30]. Classification via ROC showed that composite TCI had high discriminatory potential (area under curve [95% CI], 0.90 [0.84-0.96]), driven by TCI from antero-posterior perturbations (area under curve [95% CI], 0.99 [0.97-1.00]). Consistent reductions in TCI suggests global changes in trunk mechanics that may go undetected in classic clinical examination. Evaluation of TCI in younger adults with mild pain and disability may serve as a biomarker for chronicity, leading to improved preventative measures in cLBP.Trial Registration and Funding RELIEF is registered with clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01854892) and funded by the NIH National Center for Complementary & Integrative Health (R01AT006978).
A Pilot Trial Targeting the ICOS–ICOS-L Pathway in Nonhuman Primate Kidney Transplantation (2015)

Costimulation blockade with the B7-CD28 pathway-specific agent belatacept is now used in clinical kidney transplantation, but its efficacy remains imperfect. Numerous alternate costimulatory pathways have been proposed as targets to synergize with belatacept, one of which being the inducible costimulator (ICOS)-ICOS ligand (ICOS-L) pathway. Combined ICOS-ICOS-L and CD28-B7 blockade has been shown to prevent rejection in mice, but has not been studied in primates. We therefore tested a novel ICOS-Ig human Fc-fusion protein in a nonhuman primate (NHP) kidney transplant model alone and in combination with belatacept. ICOS-Ig did not prolong rejection-free survival as a monotherapy or in combination with belatacept. In ICOS-Ig alone treated animals, most graft-infiltrating CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells expressed ICOS, and ICOS(+) T cells were present in peripheral blood to a lesser degree. Adding belatacept reduced the proportion of graft-infiltrating ICOS(+) T cells and virtually eliminated their presence in peripheral blood. Graft-infiltrating T cells in belatacept-resistant rejection were primarily CD8(+) CD28(-) , but importantly, very few CD8(+) CD28(-) T cells expressed ICOS. We conclude that ICOS-Ig, alone or combined with belatacept, does not prolong renal allograft survival in NHPs. This may relate to selective loss of ICOS with CD28 loss.
On the Dynamics of Transition Region Flow Boiling (1976)

This is part of a series of experimental investigation and analysis of the boiling phenomena. Previously, pool boiling experiments were carried out in all boiling regions, following the design and construction of a feedback control system that allowed process operation at any point on the boiling curve including the unstable region, which is referred to here as the transition or negative-h boiling region. This paper reports the results of flow boiling dynamic analysis in this region with the necessary modifications of formulas presented earlier to properly represent the flow boiling case; in addition, this analysis gives more insight into the characteristics of a boiling region, which is often considered desirable to avoid for many engineering applications because of the characteristic instability.
Experimental Investigation of the Oil Pressure Regulator Buzz Noise on Diesel Engines (2013)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Due to increasing expectations for gasoline like sound quality, today's diesel engines for light and medium duty automotive markets needs to be carefully designed from NVH perspective. Typical engine operating conditions such as low idle, light tip in, tip out demand more attention as they are more prone to generating sound quality concerns. Any abrupt change in the noise signature may be perceived as a sign of malfunction and could have a potential to generate warranty claims. In this paper, an experimental investigation was carried out to determine the root cause of the transient oil pressure regulator buzz noise which occurred during no load transients at low engine speeds. The root cause of the objectionable noise was found to be associated with the impacts of the regulator plunger on the valve seat at certain engine speeds. Noise and vibration diagnostic tests confirmed that the plunger impacts at the seat caused the objectionable buzz noise. After a systematic investigation, noise issue was resolved by changing the design of the oil pressure regulator spring. Mechanical development tests confirmed the transparency of the new oil pressure regulator spring, which was later implemented in production.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
X-band Antenna with Enhanced Gain and Sidelobe Suppression (2019)

This paper presents a planar circular patch antenna with high gain and sidelobe suppression working in X-band. Two circular slots are employed in this work to increase gain and SLL, by using the superposition of the field radiated from these apertures. A circle of N = 10 small vias with nonuniform radius load the antenna cavity in order to excite an additional mode and increase the impedance bandwidth. This antenna shows a realized gain of 15 dBi and an SLL of about -14 dB with a relative impedance bandwidth of 4.5% at expenses of an increased area of the antenna. The benefits and limitations of adding more than one radiating aperture are discussed in this paper.
Technologies for context based video search (2010)

This thesis presents methods and a system for video search over the internet&#13;\nor the intranet. The objective is to design a real time and automated video clustering and search system that provides users of the search engine the most relevant&#13;\nvideos available that are responsive to a query at a particular moment in time, and&#13;\nsupplementary information that may also be useful. The thesis highlights methods&#13;\nto mitigate the effect of the semantic gap faced by current content based video search&#13;\napproaches. A context-sensitive video ranking scheme is used, wherein the context is&#13;\ngenerated in an automated manner.
Capacitor voltage ripple control based on decoupled power analysis in MMC (2017)

Modular multilevel converters generate high voltage ripple in the floating capacitors which increases the harmonic content of arm voltages and currents and consequently the losses and can degrade the control performance. In order to reduce this voltage ripple, a large capacitance is usually employed, but the size and cost of the submodules and the whole converter are increased. In this paper the voltage ripple is analyzed using a decoupled power approach and the circulating current and common-mode voltage required to minimize specific harmonic components of this voltage are obtained. A control design based on the capacitor ripple analysis is proposed and simulation results which validates the analysis and the controller design are shown.
Foaming Behavior of Aluminum Precursor Produced from Machined Chip Waste (2008)

New technology was developed to produce aluminum foams from low cost machined chip wastes instead of aluminum powder. The foamable precursors were fabricated from machined chip wastes with various shapes and alloy elements by compressive torsion processing and they are successfully foamed like those from aluminum powder. The precursors produced from mixed chip wastes of different shapes or different alloy elements can be also successfully foamed.