gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fc Gamma Receptor IIIB (FcγRIIIB) Polymorphisms Are Associated with Clinical Malaria in Ghanaian Children (2012)

Plasmodium falciparum malaria kills nearly a million people annually. Over 90% of these deaths occur in children under five years of age in sub-Saharan Africa. A neutrophil mediated mechanism, the antibody dependent respiratory burst (ADRB), was recently shown to correlate with protection from clinical malaria. Human neutrophils constitutively express Fc gamma receptor-FcγRIIA and FcγRIIIB by which they interact with immunoglobulin (Ig) G (IgG)-subclass antibodies. Polymorphisms in exon 4 of FCGR2A and exon 3 of FCGR3B genes encoding FcγRIIA and FcγRIIIB respectively have been described to alter the affinities of both receptors for IgG. Here, associations between specific polymorphisms, encoding FcγRIIA p.H166R and FcγRIIIB-NA1/NA2/SH variants with clinical malaria were investigated in a longitudinal malaria cohort study. FcγRIIA-p.166H/R was genotyped by gene specific polymerase chain reaction followed by allele specific restriction enzyme digestion. FCGR3B-exon 3 was sequenced in 585 children, aged 1 to 12 years living in a malaria endemic region of Ghana. Multivariate logistic regression analysis found no association between FcγRIIA-166H/R polymorphism and clinical malaria. The A-allele of FCGR3B-c.233C>A (rs5030738) was significantly associated with protection from clinical malaria under two out of three genetic models (additive: p=0.0061; recessive: p=0.097; dominant: p=0.0076) of inheritance. The FcγRIIIB-SH allotype (CTGAAA) containing the 233A-allele (in bold) was associated with protection from malaria (p=0.049). The FcγRIIIB-NA2*03 allotype (CTGCGA), a variant of the classical FcγRIIIB-NA2 (CTGCAA) was associated with susceptibility to clinical malaria (p=0.0092). The present study is the first to report an association between a variant of FcγRIIIB-NA2 and susceptibility to clinical malaria and provides justification for further functional characterization of variants of the classical FcγRIIIB allotypes. This would be crucial to the improvement of neutrophil mediated functional assays such as the ADRB assay aimed at assessing the functionality of antibodies induced by candidate malaria vaccines.
High Power Operations of 980 nm Ga0.8In0.2As/GaxIn1-xAsyP1-y/Ga0.51In0.49P/GaAs Pump Lasers Prepared by Multi-step Metalorganic Vapor Phase Epitaxial Growth with Ion Implanted Channels (1999)

The silicon (Si) or boron (B) implantation process in Ga 0.8 In 0.2 As/Ga x In 1- x As y P 1- y /Ga 0.51 In 0.49 P/GaAs quantum well structures can be used not only for maintaining single lateral mode during high power operation but also for increasing the catastrophic optical damage (COD) level of 980 nm pump lasers. The fabricated 980 nm pump lasers with partially ion implanted channels after ridge waveguide structure formation exhibited high power operation up to 250 mW without any kink and beam steering. A photoluminescence peak shift of 70 meV was obtained by 120 keV Si-implantation and annealing at 900°C. Improvement of the COD level by a minimum of 1.65 times is obtained by forming transparent windows near facets by Si implantation and annealing. A highly nonradiative polycrystalline phase of the active area may be the major cause of COD failure in the Al-free 980 nm lasers.
Development of Plasmid DNA-based Gene Transfer (2006)

Gene therapy based on ultrasound with microbubbles offers a novel approach for the prevention and treatment of variety of diseases. The major development of gene transfer has importantly contributed to intense investigation of the potential of gene therapy in cancer or cardiovascular medicine. The amazing advances in molecular biology have provided a dramatic improvement of the technology that is necessary to transfer target genes into somatic cells. Gene transfer methods have been surprisingly improved. In fact, some of them (retroviral vectors, adenoviral vectors or liposome based vectors, etc.) have been used in the clinical trials already. But some severe side effects were reported in clinical gene therapy using such viral, so people desire safe and efficient clinical gene therapy. Recently, ultrasound-mediated gene transfer has been reported to augment the transfection efficiency and facilitate local gene expression. Interestingly, gene transfer into the fetal central nervous system was successfully achieved by intrauterine injection with microbubble-enhanced ultrasound. Compared to other viral vectors, there are some theoretical advantages including safety, simplicity of preparation, and local gene transfer. Thus, we focused on the development of gene transfer using naked plasmid DNA with an ultrasound or microbubble-enhanced ultrasound method.
Selective mode excitation by nonaxial evanescent coupling for bandwidth enhancement of multimode fiber links (2002)

We present an analysis of conditioned launch in a gradient- index multimode fiber (MMF). Selective mode excitation is obtained by nonaxial evanescent coupling between two highly asymmetric side- polished fibers: a single-mode fiber and an MMF with an exposed core. An index-matching slab improves the coupling efficiency and selectivity. The simulation shows that about 40% of modes, only high-order modes, are excited in the MMF. When compared to an overfilled launch, the bandwidth of a perturbed index fiber is enhanced more than twofold for large parameter variations.
Compact physical IR-drop models for GSI power distribution networks (2004)

The supply voltage decrease and power density increase of future GSI chips demands accurate models for the IR-drop voltage. Compact physical IR-drop models are derived for two types of packages. These models help designers estimate the required amount of interconnects and package pins which need to be dedicated for power distribution. Comparison with SPICE simulations show less than 1% and 5% error for the wire-bond package and the area-array package, respectively.
Effect of Fenofibrate on Uric Acid Metabolism and Urate Transporter 1 (2010)

Fenofibrate decreased serum uric acid levels by increasing its urinary excretion, most likely through the inhibition of URAT1 by fenofibric acid, its major metabolite.
Гистерезисные преобразователи со случайными параметрами (2019)

Предложен новый класс моделей гистерезисных преобразователей, обобщающий классическое определение люфта на случай, когда геометрическое расположение определяющих его кривых зависит от случайного параметра. Выход стохастического преобразователя в этой ситуации трактуется как случайный процесс. Доказана корректность определения соответствующего преобразователя в терминах специальной предельной конструкции, позволяющей определить выход на произвольном непрерывном входе. Исследованы свойства введенного преобразователя, получены аналитические соотношения, определяющие первую и вторую моментные функции выхода, приведены иллюстративные примеры.
Mental processes and strategic equilibration: An fMRI study of selling strategies in second price auctions (2007)

Abstract This study is the first to attempt to isolate a relationship between cognitive activity and equilibration to a Nash Equilibrium. Subjects, while undergoing fMRI scans of brain activity, participated in second price auctions against a single competitor following predetermined strategy that was unknown to the subject. For this auction there is a unique strategy that will maximize the subjects’ earnings, which is also a Nash equilibrium of the associated game theoretic model of the auction. As is the case with all games, the bidding strategies of subjects participating in second price auctions most often do not reflect the equilibrium bidding strategy at first but with experience, typically exhibit a process of equilibration, or convergence toward the equilibrium. This research is focused on the process of convergence. In the data reported here subjects participated in sixteen auctions, after which all subjects were told the strategy that will maximize their revenues, the theoretical equilibrium. Following that announcement, sixteen more auctions were performed. The question posed by the research concerns the mental activity that might accompany equilibration as it is observed in the bidding behavior. Does brain activation differ between being equilibrated and non-equilibrated in the sense of a bidding strategy? If so, are their differences in the location of activation during and after equilibration? We found significant activation in the frontal pole especially in Brodmann's area 10, the anterior cingulate cortex, the amygdala and the basal forebrain. There was significantly more activation in the basal forebrain and the anterior cingulate cortex during the first sixteen auctions than in the second sixteen. The activity in the amygdala shifted from the right side to the left after the solution was given.
Investigation of a Novel Wave Energy Generator Using Dielectric Elastomer (2020)

Abstract The type of electroactive polymer, known as dielectric elastomers, has shown considerable promise for harvesting energy from environmental sources such as ocean waves, wind, and human motions, etc. The high energy density and conversion efficiency of dielectric elastomers (DEs) can allow for very simple and robust “direct drive” generators. In such generators, a DE transducer is directly driven by the up and down motions of waves. These generators can be simple, low-cost and robust. The efficiency of a wave energy convertor using DEs was confirmed by our previous experimental work. In this study, a wave energy convertor using DEs was numerically investigated as a moored floating body. First, the numerical model is validated against existing benchmark experiments. Then the moored floating body is numerically modelled, and the simulated results are compared to physical wave tank tests. The analyzed conditions vary from single body, two bodies with different intervals, and three bodies. The fluctuation, energy absorption efficiency, as well as the influence of multiple moored floating bodies on each other are discussed. The purpose of present work is to clarify the influence of floating body intervals and number of floating bodies on the motions, the mooring tensions, as well as the power generation efficiencies for a plurality of floating bodies arranged in a series in head seas. This kind of optimal arrangement is expected to be popularized in the future, which may contribute to the increasing demand of renewable energy solutions.
A HISTORY AND ANALYSIS OF THE ADVANCEMENTS IN JAZZ TUBA PERFORMANCE FROM 1940 UNTIL 2010 (2010)

The purpose of this study is to provide a history of the development of jazz tuba performance from 1940 until 2010. The history consists of profiles of jazz tubists that developed or participated in new styles of jazz tuba performance. Musical figures are provided for different decades of change. Figures are taken from the original scores or transcribed from recordings and analyzed to highlight advancements.
Photoluminescence and scintillation characteristics of Ce-doped CaLaAl 3 O 7 crystalline scintillators for detecting alpha particles (2020)

Abstract Undoped and Ce-doped CaLaAl 3 O 7 crystals were synthesized by the optical floating zone method and photoluminescence and scintillation properties were evaluated. A broad peak at 420 nm due to the 5d-4f transitions of Ce 3+ is observed from the Ce-doped samples based on the measurement of photoluminescence and scintillation spectra. The photoluminescence and scintillation decay time constants attributable to the 5d-4f transitions of Ce 3+ are obtained in the Ce-doped samples. The 1.0% and 3.0% Ce-doped samples show relatively high scintillation light yields of 230–260 ph/5.5 MeV- α from pulse height analysis under irradiation of α -rays from 241 Am. The best afterglow level is 160 ppm in the 3.0% Ce-doped sample among the present samples.
Fast processor core selection for WLAN modem using mappability estimation (2002)

Mappability metric and a novel method for evaluating the goodness of processor core and algorithm combinations are introduced. The new mappability concept is an addition to performance and cost metrics used in existing codesign and system synthesis approaches. The mappability estimation is based on the analysis of the correlation or similarity of algorithm and core architecture characteristics. It allows fast design space exploration of core architectures and mappings with little modeling effort. The method is demonstrated by analyzing suitable processor core architectures for baseband algorithms of the WLAN modem. 140400 architecture-algorithm pairs were analyzed in total and the estimated results were similar to the results of more detailed evaluations. The method is not, however, limited to the WLAN modem, but is applicable for digital signal processing in general.
Regulation of Renal Blood Flow by Plasma Chloride (1983)

Micropuncture studies have shown that glomerular filtration rate (GFR) falls in response to a rise in Na(+) or Cl(-) concentrations in the loop of Henle, whereas studies in isolated kidneys have shown that GFR falls in response to osmotic diuresis. To define the separate effects of an acute increase in plasma sodium (P(Na)), chloride (P(Cl)) or osmolality (P(osmol)), changes in renal blood flow (RBF) and GFR were measured during intrarenal infusions of hypertonic NaCl, NaHCO(3), Na acetate, dextrose, NH(4)Cl or NH(4)acetate to denervated kidneys. The infusions raised P(osmol) at the experimental kidney by 30-45 mosmol. RBF increased abruptly by 10-30% with all hypertonic infusions indicating that an acute increase in plasma tonicity causes renal vasodilatation. Renal vasodilatation persisted or increased further during infusion of dextrose, NaHCO(3) and Na acetate, but GFR was unchanged. In contrast, during infusion of the two Cl-containing solutions, vasodilatation was reversed after 1-5 min and RBF and GFR decreased (P < 0.01) below preinfusion levels. Prior salt depletion doubled the vasoconstriction seen with hypertonic NaCl infusions. Overall, changes in RBF were unrelated to changes in P(Na) or fractional Na or fluid reabsorption but correlated with changes in P(Cl) (r = -0.91) and fractional Cl(-) reabsorption (r = 0.94). The intrafemoral arterial infusion of the two Cl-containing solutions did not increase femoral vascular resistance. In conclusion, hyperchloremia produces a progressive renal vasoconstriction and fall in GFR that is independent of the renal nerves, is potentiated by prior salt depletion and is related to tubular Cl(-) reabsorption. Chloride-induced vasoconstriction appears specific for the renal vessels.
Analysis and characterization of myocardial tissue with the wavelet image extension [US images] (2002)

Some computer applications for tissue characterization in medicine operate with tissue samples taken from small area of interest so that only few methods can be used. These methods should be insensitive to noise and image distortions and yet reliable enough. Here, the authors propose a new approach for texture analysis, based on the wavelet transform. The idea of this method is to decompose analyzed image with the filter bank derived from an orthonormal wavelet basis and to form image approximations with higher resolution. Energies calculated at the outputs of the filter bank are used as texture features in an unsupervised classification procedure based on a modification of the statistical T-test. The method is tested clinically, for characterization of infarcted myocardium and reported classification results are very promising.
Einfach substituierte Boraethene (1985)

Die Grenze der Existenzfähigkeit von Boraethenen – ohne sperrige Substituenten – scheint bei 2 erreicht zu sein. Sie entstehen bei der thermischen cycloreversion der Diels-Alder-Addukte 1, lassen sich in einer Argon-Matrix isolieren und z.B. mit Benzophenon abfangen (XOCH3, N(CH3)2).
Optical pulse compressor systems for laser fusion (1979)

The advantages and limitations of combined backward wave Raman pulse compression and pulse stacking for inertial fusion applications are discussed. A description of the major technological limitations which drive the designs of large (200 kJ) systems and some nominal systems parameters for a terawatt prototype stacker-compressor laser system are given. It is shown that aviable short wavelength laser fusion driver employing this concept can be expected to provide an overall power multiplication of 50 with a total systems efficiency of over 3 percent.
ChemInform Abstract: Access to 1,2‐Diketones by an Unusual Radical Cascade. (2011)

Abstract The transformation proceeds via a stabilized radical species involving the fragmentation of an unstrained carbon—carbon bond.
Nonhistone protein BA is a glutathione S-transferase localized to interchromatinic regions of the cell nucleus. (1986)

A DNA-binding nonhistone protein, protein BA, was previously demonstrated to co-localize with U-snRNPs within discrete nuclear domains (Bennett, F. C., and L. C. Yeoman, 1985, Exp. Cell Res., 157:379-386). To further define the association of protein BA and U-snRNPs within these discrete nuclear domains, cells were fractionated in situ and the localization of the antigens determined by double-labeled immunofluorescence. Protein BA was extracted from the nucleus with the 2.0 M NaCl soluble chromatin fraction, while U-snRNPs were only partially extracted from the 2.0 M NaCl-resistant nuclear structures. U-snRNPs were extracted from the residual nuclear material by combined DNase I/RNase A digestions. Using an indirect immunoperoxidase technique and electron microscopy, protein BA was localized to interchromatinic regions of the cell nucleus. Protein BA was noted to share a number of chemical and physical properties with a family of cytoplasmic enzymes, the glutathione S-transferases. Comparison of the published amino acid composition of protein BA and glutathione S-transferases showed marked similarities. Nonhistone protein BA isolated from saline-EDTA nuclear extracts exhibited glutathione S-transferase activity with a variety of substrates. Substrate specificity and subunit analysis by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that it was a mixture of several glutathione S-transferase isoenzymes. Protein BA isolated from rat liver chromatin was shown by immunoblotting and peptide mapping techniques to be two glutathione S-transferase isoenzymes composed of the Yb and Yb' subunits. Glutathione S-transferase Yb subunits were demonstrated to be both nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins by indirect immunolocalization on rat liver cryosections. The identification of protein BA as glutathione S-transferase suggests that this family of multifunctional enzymes may play an important role in those nuclear domains containing U-snRNPs.
On Modeling Bonds in Fused, Porous Networks: 3D Simulations of Fibrous–Particulate Joints (2003)

The deformation and failure of fused, porous networks are key concerns in microscale power sources and open trusses for structural applications. We have found that the behavior of the connection points in these open networks is the most critical determinant of materials response. For many manufacturable material geometries, both stiffness and strength are largely controlled by these interparticle or interelement bonds, rather than by the response of the longer aspect ratio sections. Classic work in sintered materials is of limited applicability in this context, since formation of multiphase porous networks often involves volume-conserving interconnects, or fused sections created by additional material, rather than via (heated) compaction of particles or elements. Here we expand on previous work in 2D network behavior (reviewed in [1]) by focusing on the geometry and response of 3D interconnects between cylindrical elements. We present computational results for deformation of 3D interconnects in a large class of stochastic fibrous and particulate structures. Further, we suggest methodologies for adapting tractable 2D simulations to account for the known 3D stress-enhancing effects. We conclude with some comments on limiting strengths and toughnesses in these materials, and suggest divisions for classifications of these porous network bonds.
Compact 10 Gb/s transponder with FEC function for Tb/s DWDM system (2002)

A size-reduced 10 Gb/s transponder has been developed employing a single-chip out-of-band FEC codec LSI and multi-chip modules. The transponder allows improvement in the bit- error-rate from 1 E-6 after 10 Gb/s/spl times/80 ch transmission with optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR) of 18 dB to become error-free.
Modulation of immune responses using adjuvants to facilitate therapeutic vaccination (2020)

Therapeutic vaccination offers great promise as an intervention for a diversity of infectious and non-infectious conditions. Given that most chronic health conditions are thought to have an immune component, vaccination can at least in principle be proposed as a therapeutic strategy. Understanding the nature of protective immunity is of vital importance, and the progress made in recent years in defining the nature of pathological and protective immunity for a range of diseases has provided an impetus to devise strategies to promote such responses in a targeted manner. However, in many cases, limited progress has been made in clinical adoption of such approaches. This in part results from a lack of safe and effective vaccine adjuvants that can be used to promote protective immunity and/or reduce deleterious immune responses. Although somewhat simplistic, it is possible to divide therapeutic vaccine approaches into those targeting conditions where antibody responses can mediate protection and those where the principal focus is the promotion of effector and memory cellular immunity or the reduction of damaging cellular immune responses as in the case of autoimmune diseases. Clearly, in all cases of antigen-specific immunotherapy, the identification of protective antigens is a vital first step. There are many challenges to developing therapeutic vaccines beyond those associated with prophylactic diseases including the ongoing immune responses in patients, patient heterogeneity, and diversity in the type and stage of disease. If reproducible biomarkers can be defined, these could allow earlier diagnosis and intervention and likely increase therapeutic vaccine efficacy. Current immunomodulatory approaches related to adoptive cell transfers or passive antibody therapy are showing great promise, but these are outside the scope of this review which will focus on the potential for adjuvanted therapeutic active vaccination strategies.