gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Targeting Fatty Acid Biosynthesis for the Development of Novel Chemotherapeutics against Mycobacterium tuberculosis : Evaluation of A-Ring-Modified Diphenyl Ethers as High-Affinity InhA Inhibitors (2007)

Structure-based design was used to develop a focused library of A-ring-modified diphenyl ether InhA inhibitors. From this library of analogs, two high-affinity alkyl-substituted diphenyl ethers, 6PP and 8PP, were selected for advanced study into their in vitro activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates, their in vivo properties, and their signature response mode of action. 6PP and 8PP demonstrated enhanced activity against whole bacteria and showed activity in a rapid macrophage model of infection. In addition, transcriptional profiling revealed that the A-ring modifications of 6PP and 8PP increased the specificity of each analog for InhA. Both analogs had substantially longer half-lives in serum than did the parent compound, exhibited a fivefold reduction in cytotoxicity compared to the parent compound, and were well tolerated when administered orally at 300 mg/kg of body weight in animal models. Thus, the A-ring modifications increased the affinity and whole-cell specificity of the compounds for InhA and increased their bioavailability. The next step in optimization of the pharmacophore for preclinical evaluation is modification of the B ring to increase the bioavailability to that required for oral delivery.
Characterization and isolation of an 18-crown-6 complex of potassium hydroxide prepared by milling: application to mechanochemical organic synthesis (2023)

Solid-state supramolecular complexation of potassium cations enables the reactivity of KOH in mechanochemical organic reactions.
New thermotropic polyesters from distyrylbenzene bisphenols (1990)

New main-chain thermotropic liquid crystalline (lc) polymers based on four derivatives of 4,4′- (p-phenylenedi-1,2-ethenediyl)bisphenol have heen prepared by Schotten-Baumen polymerization. Fusibility and solubility were achieved through the incorporation of side groups and flexible methylene spacers. Both a model ester and polymers based on the unsubstituted bisphenol were thermotropic, but had melting points in the vicinity of decomposition. Methyl, methoxy, and ethoxy side groups were used to lower the melting transition. The liquid-crystallinity was investigated with polarized light microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and X-ray diffraction. Methyl substitution provided the model compound and polymers with the greatest number of mesophases. Chemical structure was analyzed by infrared and UV/visible spectroscopy, 1H NMR, and elemental analysis of monomers and model compounds. Intrinsic viscosities were measured in N-methylpyrrolidone (nmp) solution.
A RAD approach to deep mixture models (2019)

Flow based models such as Real NVP are an extremely powerful approach to density estimation. However, existing flow based models are restricted to transforming continuous densities over a continuous input space into similarly continuous distributions over continuous latent variables. This makes them poorly suited for modeling and representing discrete structures in data distributions, for example class membership or discrete symmetries. To address this difficulty, we present a normalizing flow architecture which relies on domain partitioning using locally invertible functions, and possesses both real and discrete valued latent variables. This Real and Discrete (RAD) approach retains the desirable normalizing flow properties of exact sampling, exact inference, and analytically computable probabilities, while at the same time allowing simultaneous modeling of both continuous and discrete structure in a data distribution.
Adaptive laser system for active remote object tracking (2003)

A number of approaches have been suggested in order to develop a passive laser system that can lock on and track a remote object, including satellites. Active laser-based systems have an advantage over passive systems because they can establish communication channels, measure target velocity and spatial coordinates, and/or deliver high optical power levels. We report here on the first experimental realization of a coupled laser system that employs a phase conjugate mirror (PCM) and is capable of adaptively tracking a moving output coupler. Active systems have been demonstrated in the laboratory using phase conjugate mirrors; however, they have generally been limited to locking on to static or very slow moving objects. For tracking remote, high velocity targets, several problems exist including: low returned power, high Doppler frequency shift, and large temporal delays. In this work, we show that laser resonators coupled with a phase-conjugate mirror in a Michelson-type arrangement can be used to overcome some of these limitations and track a remote moving object.
Abstract 4028: A consolidated microplate-based workflow for monitoring intracellular calcium mobilization and mitochondrial membrane potential changes (2010)

Abstract The interactions between mitochondrial function and Ca2+ homeostasis are very complex. Mitochondria are known to serve as dynamic calcium storage compartments, and also form intimate contacts with other calcium-handling organelles, such as the endoplasmic reticulum. Calcium enters mitochondria, not only during pathological processes, but also during physiological calcium responses. This organelle does not simply passively buffer excessive calcium but actively utilizes calcium signals to regulate integral cell activities, such as oxidative phosphorylation and the Kreb's cycle. A consolidated microplate-based workflow is described for assessing the relationship between mitochondria and global calcium responses. Two novel small molecule probes were implemented in the assay. Mitochondrial membrane potential was monitored using a dual-emission fluorescent probe that is roughly 10-25-fold more sensitive than the conventional carbocyanine dye, JC-1. Calcium mobilization was examined using a novel fluorescent calcium indicator dye that is significantly brighter than Fluo-4 AM dye. The assay is readily performed using a fluorescence microplate reader equipped with a dual-reagent dispenser. Proof-of-principle studies were performed by evaluating cell response to two agents, diazoxide, a putative opener of the potassium-ATP channel, and BML-258, a novel sphingosine kinase-1 inhibitor. The assay workflow is suitable for monitoring calcium mobilization and mitochondrial membrane potential changes across a broad spectrum of biological targets. The easy-to-use protocol is automation-friendly and can be performed in a convenient 96-well or 384-well microplate format. The assay should provide insight into the interaction between calcium signaling and mitochondrial energetic status, relevant to a range of phenomena, including ischemia/reperfusion injury. It should also serve as a high-throughput approach for identifying specific small molecule pharmacological agents targeted to this complex interrelationship. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4028.
The use of heat transfer fluids in the synthesis of high-quality CdSe quantum dots, core/shell quantum dots, and quantum rods (2005)

Fluorescent semiconductor nanoparticles, or quantum dots, have potential uses as an optical material, in which the optoelectronic properties can be tuned precisely by particle size. Advances in chemical synthesis have led to improvements in size and shape control, cost, and safety. A limiting step in large-scale production is identified to be the raw materials cost, in which a common synthesis solvent, octadecene, accounts for most of the materials cost for a batch of CdSe quantum dots. Thus, less expensive solvents are needed. In this paper, we identify heat transfer fluids, a class of organic liquids commonly used in chemical process industries to transport heat between unit operations, as alternative solvents for quantum dot synthesis. We specifically show that two heat transfer fluids can be used successfully in the synthesis of CdSe quantum dots with uniform particle sizes. We show that the synthesis chemistry for CdSe/CdS core/shell quantum dots and CdSe quantum rods can also be performed in heat transfer fluids. With the aid of a population balance model, we interpret the effect of different HT fluids on QD growth kinetics in terms of solvent effects, i.e., solvent viscosity, CdSe bulk solubility in the solvent, and surface free energy.
Rayleigh Backscattering Performance of OFDM-QAM in Carrier Distributed Passive Optical Networks (2008)

The passive optical network (PON) using an orthogonal frequency-division-multiplexing (OFDM) format is a subject of many research works recently. Due to the high spectral efficiency, low bandwidth optical components can be used in this OFDM-PON. We quantify, for the first time, the performance of the OFDM signal when subjected to the noise generated by the two components of the Rayleigh backscattering (RB): carrier generated RB (carrier-RB) and signal generated RB (signal-RB) that are present in the carrier-distributed PONs. An RB comparison between OFDM quadrature amplitude modulation and nonreturn-to-zero is preformed.
ASSOCIATION OF POLYMERS THAT REQUIRES ACTIVATION ENERGY1 (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTASSOCIATION OF POLYMERS THAT REQUIRES ACTIVATION ENERGY1K. S. Das, M. Feld, and M. SzwarcCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1960, 82, 6, 1506–1507Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01491a060https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01491a060research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views31Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Engineering a highly sensitive biosensor for abscisic acid in mammalian cells (2022)

Abscisic acid (ABA) is a signalling molecule conserved in plants, bacteria, fungi, and animals. Recently, ABA has gained attention for its pharmacological activities and its potential as a biomarker for the severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and glioma. This prompts the development of a reliable, sensitive, rapid, and cost-effective method to quantify ABA levels in mammalian cells and tissues. The previously described ABA biosensor system based on the ABA-dependent interaction between the plant ABA receptor PYL1 and co-receptor ABI1 is not sensitive enough for the low ABA levels seen in mammals. Therefore, we optimized this system by replacing PYL1 with other high-affinity plant PYL proteins. The optimized biosensor system engineered with the PYL8 receptor enabled the quantification of ABA at low concentrations in HEK293T cells.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterogeneous Catalysts — Discovery and Design (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
From macroscopic cooling to microscopic reliability (2004)

This paper outlines 10 years of research by engineers at the Stokes Research Institute (SRI) into mechanical aspects of electronic system design. The theme of the paper is that the work has progressed from focussing on macroscopic aspects of cooling to microscopic aspects of reliability. Because the challenge of producing and improving system reliability includes the challenge of dissipating heat at acceptable temperatures, the paper demonstrates how the scope of the SRI's work has broadened to include thermal and impact stresses and, more recently, the effect of moisture. At the same time focussing on more direct methods of silicon cooling using fibre optics, micro-fans and micro-channels.
Pathologic Characteristics and Prognosis of Pathologic T0 Prostate Cancer (2009)

PURPOSE: We evaluated the pathologic characteristics and prognosis of pathologic T0 (pT0) prostate cancer (PC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Of 1,196 consecutive men who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) between January 1992 and November 2008, 34 patients (mean age, 68.8+/-7.9 years; range, 48-85) had pT0 PC. They were categorized into 4 groups according to neoadjuvant hormone therapy (NHT) and diagnostic methods. The initial PSA, 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor (5alphaRI), Gleason score of prostatic needle biopsy (PNB) or transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), clinical stage, and presence of high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia were evaluated. Clinical and biochemical progression were also evaluated. RESULTS: 34 patients were categorized into 4 groups (Group I: 9 without NHT, diagnosed by PNB [1.1%]; Group II: 8 without NHT, diagnosed by TURP [11.3%]; Group III: 16 with NHT, diagnosed by PNB [5.5%]; Group IV: 1 with NHT, diagnosed by TURP [3.8%]). Group I had serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA)&lt;15.0 ng/ml, one positive biopsy core, and a Gleason score&lt; or =7. Group II had serum PSA&lt;10.1 ng/ml, chips involved with cancer&lt;10.0%, and a Gleason score&lt; or =6. There were more patients taking 5alphaRI and high-grade PIN among patients without NHT. None of patients with pathologic pT0 PC had clinical or biochemical progression during follow-up, except 3 patients with NHT (mean, 22 months; range, 2-105 months). CONCLUSIONS: Patients without NHT had more favorable clinical and pathologic results. In our study, except for 3 patients with NHT, all patients had undetectable PSA levels after RP. We need more time for follow-up to conclude whether the prognosis of pT0 PC is favorable.
Isolated Attosecond Pulses from Laser-Driven Synchrotron Radiation (2012)

A quantitative theory of attosecond pulse generation in relativistically driven overdense plasma slabs is presented based on an explicit analysis of synchrotron-type electron trajectories. The subcycle, field-controlled release, and subsequent nanometer-scale acceleration of relativistic electron bunches under the combined action of the laser and ionic potentials give rise to coherent radiation with a high-frequency cutoff, intensity, and radiation pattern explained in terms of the basic laws of synchrotron radiation. The emerging radiation is confined to time intervals much shorter than the half-cycle of the driver field. This intuitive approach will be instrumental in analyzing and optimizing few-cycle-laser-driven relativistic sources of intense isolated extreme ultraviolet and x-ray pulses.
Optimal buffered compression and coding mode selection for MPEG-4 shape coding (2001)

We propose an optimal buffered compression algorithm for shape coding as defined in the forthcoming MPEG-4 international standard. The MPEG-4 shape coding scheme consists of two steps: first, distortion is introduced by down and up scaling; then, context-based arithmetic encoding is applied. Since arithmetic coding is "lossless," the down up scaling step is considered as a virtual quantizer. We first formulate the buffer-constrained adaptive quantization problem for shape coding, and then propose an algorithm for the optimal solution under buffer constraints. Previously, the fact that a conversion ratio (CR) of 1/4 makes a coded image irritating to human observers for QCIF size was reported for MPEG-4 shape coding. Therefore, careful consideration for small size images such as QCIF should be given to prevent coded images from being unacceptable. To this end, a low bit rate tuned algorithm is proposed in this paper as well. Experimental results are given using an MPEG-4 shape codec.
Pt(II) Phosphors Featuring Both Dicarbene and Functional Biazolate Chelates: Synthesis, Luminescent Properties, and Applications in Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (2016)

Pt(II) metal complexes [Pt(C^C)(X^X)] comprising three functional dianionic azolate chelates (X^XH2: bipzH2 = 5,5'-di(trifluoromethyl)-3,3'-bipyrazole, bitzH2 = 5,5'-di(trifluoromethyl)-3,3'-bi-1,2,4-triazole, and phpzH2 = 3-(trifluoromethyl)-5-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-pyrazole), together with three different charge-neutral dicarbene chelates (i.e., C^C = 1,1'-methylene bis(3-methyl-imidazol-2-ylidene), 1,1'-methylene bis(3-isopropyl-imidazol-2-ylidene), and 1,1'-(propane-1,3-diyl) bis(3-isopropyl-imidazol-2-ylidene), were synthesized and found to show bright solid-state emission depending on the associated X^X and C^C chelates. Pt(II) complexes 1a, 2, and 6 were examined by X-ray diffraction studies, confirming the square-planar skeleton. These Pt(II) metal complexes are found to be nonemissive in degassed solution at RT. The photophysical measurements as neat powder reveals emission maxima ranging from purple to sky blue emission and with high quantum yields for the majority of them. (Time-dependent) density functional theory (DFT/TD-DFT) calculations were executed to elucidate the emission process that was predominated by the combined3LLCT/(3)LMCT/(3)IL character, where LLCT and LMCT and IL stand for ligand-to-ligand charge transfer, ligand-to-metal charge transfer, and intraligand ππ* transition processes. Organic light-emitting devices comprising complex 5a achieved high efficiency (8.9%, 19.4 cd·A(-1), 22.5 lm·W(-1)) with a sky blue emission showing CIEx,y coordinates of (0.18, 0.32).
Time-resolved diffuse optical tomography for non-invasive flap viability assessment: pre-clinical tests on rats (2015)

We present a new setup for time-resolved diffuse optical tomography based on multiple source-detector acquisitions analysed by means of the Mellin-Laplace transform. The proposed setup has been used to perform pre-clinical measurements on rats in order to show its suitability for non-invasive assessment of flap viability.
Therapeutic Hypothermia Alters Fas-Mediated Apoptosis in Experimental Stroke (2006)

s of Oral Proceedings: 2006 Joint Annual Meeting of the AANS/CNS Cerebrovascular Section and the American Society of Interventional & Therapeutic Neuroradiology Caribe Royale Orlando—Orlando, Florida February 17–20, 2006: Anatomy: Cerebrovascular
Using Universal Dependencies in cross-linguistic complexity research (2018)

We evaluate corpus-based measures of linguistic complexity obtained using Universal Dependencies (UD) treebanks. We propose a method of estimating robustness of the complexity values obtained using a given measure and a given treebank. The results indicate that measures of syntactic complexity might be on average less robust than those of morphological complexity. We also estimate the validity of complexity measures by comparing the results for very similar languages and checking for unexpected differences. We show that some of those differences that arise can be diminished by using parallel treebanks and, more importantly from the practical point of view, by harmonizing the languagespecific solutions in the UD annotation.
Scanning transmission-electron microscopy study of InAs/GaAs quantum dots (1998)

We present results obtained from a scanning transmission-electron microscopy study of InAs/GaAs quantum dot (QD) layers. It is shown that the QD's are embedded within an ${\mathrm{In}}_{x}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}\mathrm{As}$ confining layer following overgrowth with GaAs. Using energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDX) the QD dimensions can be measured with reasonable accuracy and are not affected by strain contrast. In QD bilayers where the dots are uncorrelated along the growth direction, a comparison of the indium EDX signals from the confining layer and a dot allow us to estimate the compositions of these regions as ${\mathrm{In}}_{0.07}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{0.93}\mathrm{As}$ and ${\mathrm{In}}_{0.31}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{0.69}\mathrm{As},$ respectively.
Modular Multilevel Converter-based Arbitrary Wave shape Generator used for High Voltage Testing (2021)

This paper analyses different design trade-offs for a Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC)-based Arbitrary Wave shape Generator (AWG) used for High Voltage (HV) testing and certification of grid assets such as transformers, switchgear, and cables. Modulation techniques, number of submodules, output voltage levels, arm inductance, and series damping resistance play an essential role in obtaining different waveforms with good quality. Phase-Shift Carrier (PSC) modulation technique proves to be a superior modulation technique for different periodic waveforms over Nearest Level Control (NLC), even when a large number of submodules is considered. With the traditional second-order filter design strategy, proper values of the arm inductance and series resistance can be selected, guaranteeing a good quality of the generated voltage waveforms to verify different dielectric properties of grid-assets. The design of such an AWG is demonstrated with the simulations in MATLAB-Simulink.
Plant assemblies evaluated in the hifiasm (UL) paper (2023)

This repository contains all plant assemblies evaluated in the paper titled: <strong><em>Scalable telomere-to-telomere assembly for diploid and polyploid genomes with double graph</em></strong>.
Mechanism Study of Li/Se Rechargeable Batteries in Different Electrolytes (2014)

Lithium-seleniume battery has been reported as one of the promising new high energy density energy storage systems considering its high theoretical gravimetric capacity of 678 mAh/g and volumetric capacity density of 3268 mAh/cm 3 , which is comparable to that of S (3467 mAh/cm 3 ). It has been reported that Se cathode could be cycled versus both Li and Na at room temperature. Moreover, a long cycle life up to 1000 cycles with high efficiency have been reported by Wang et al recently. We have proved that Se is reduced into Li 2 Se through the formation of intermediate polyselenide in the ether-based electrolyte by in-situ synchrotron techniques. However, a different mechanism is expected in the carbonate-based electrolyte based on the different voltage profiles. Then we experimentally demonstrated that the Se is directly transformed into Li 2 Se without any intermediate phase formation. These results further proved that the electrolytes have a significant effect on this battery system. This mechanism study provides essential information on strategy selection for furhter performance improvement of Li-Se baterry.