gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Overcoming the “Coffee-Stain” Effect by Compositional Marangoni-Flow-Assisted Drop-Drying (2012)

Attempts at depositing uniform films of nanoparticles by drop-drying have been frustrated by the "coffee-stain" effect due to convective macroscopic flow into the contact line. Here, we show that uniform deposition of nanoparticles in aqueous suspensions can be attained easily by drying the droplet in an ethanol vapor atmosphere. This technique allows the particle-laden water droplets to spread on a variety of surfaces such as glass, silicon, mica, PDMS, and even Teflon. Visualization of droplet shape and internal flow shows initial droplet spreading and strong recirculating flow during spreading and shrinkage. The initial spreading is due to a diminishing contact angle from the absorption of ethanol from the vapor at the contact line. During the drying phase, the vapor is saturated in ethanol, leading to preferential evaporation of water at the contact line. This generates a surface tension gradient that drives a strong recirculating flow and homogenizes the nanoparticle concentration. We show that this method can be used for depositing catalyst nanoparticles for the growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes as well as to manufacture plasmonic films of well-spaced, unaggregated gold nanoparticles.
Estimation of the scattering coefficients of turbid media using angle-resolved optical frequency-domain imaging (2007)

Noninvasive measurements of the scattering coefficients of optically turbid media using angle-resolved optical frequency-domain imaging (OFDI) are demonstrated. It is shown that, by incoherently averaging OFDI reflectance signals acquired at different backscattering angles, speckle noise is reduced, allowing scattering coefficients to be extracted from a single A-line with much higher accuracy than with measurements from conventional OFDI and optical coherence tomography systems. Modeling speckle as a random phasor sum, the relationship between the measurement accuracy and the number of compounded angles is derived. The sensitivity analysis is validated with measurements from a tissue phantom.
Republished: Stem cells, angiogenesis and muscle healing: a potential role in massage therapies? (2013)

Skeletal muscle injuries are among the most common and frequently disabling injuries sustained by athletes. Repair of injured skeletal muscle is an area that continues to present a challenge for sports medicine clinicians and researchers due, in part, to complete muscle recovery being compromised by development of fibrosis leading to loss of function and susceptibility to re-injury. Injured skeletal muscle goes through a series of coordinated and interrelated phases of healing including degeneration, inflammation, regeneration and fibrosis. Muscle regeneration initiated shortly after injury can be limited by fibrosis which affects the degree of recovery and predisposes the muscle to reinjury. It has been demonstrated in animal studies that antifibrotic agents that inactivate transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 have been effective at decreasing scar tissue formation. Several studies have also shown that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) can increase the efficiency of skeletal muscle repair by increasing angiogenesis and, at the same time, reducing the accumulation of fibrosis. We have isolated and thoroughly characterised a population of skeletal muscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs) that enhance repair of damaged skeletal muscle fibres by directly differentiating into myofibres and secreting paracrine factors that promote tissue repair. Indeed, we have found that MDSCs transplanted into skeletal and cardiac muscles have been successful at repair probably because of their ability to secrete VEGF that works in a paracrine fashion. The application of these techniques to the study of sport-related muscle injuries awaits investigation. Other useful strategies to enhance skeletal muscle repair through increased vascularisation may include gene therapy, exercise, neuromuscular electrical stimulation and, potentially, massage therapy. Based on recent studies showing an accelerated recovery of muscle function from intense eccentric exercise through massage-based therapies, we believe that this treatment modality offers a practical and non-invasive form of therapy for skeletal muscle injuries. However, the biological mechanism(s) behind the beneficial effect of massage are still unclear and require further investigation using animal models and potentially randomised, human clinical studies.
WHAT DEFAULTS CAN DO THAT HIERARCHIES CAN'T (1994)

This paper extends existing work on the use of default information to describe planning hierarchies in two ways. First, we present a completeness result showing that all hierarchical planners can be described using defaults. Second, we show that if t
Représentations hautement scalables pour la compression vidéo sur une large gamme de débits / résolutions (2005)

Cette thèse concerne la compression vidéo scalable (encodage unique délivrant un flux décodable à différents formats/qualités). On cherche une description finement scalable sur une large gamme de débits/résolutions sans perdre en efficacité par rapport à un codec non-scalable. Le défi réside dans la conciliation de la scalabilité spatiale avec la décorrélation temporelle. Trois architectures sont étudiées: une transformée spatiale en ondelettes suivie d'un codage arithmétique contextuel étendu au lieu du traditionnel filtrage temporel; un schéma (t+2D) utilisant EBCOT pour la texture et un codec mouvement spatialement scalable pour améliorer la qualité à basse résolution; enfin une architecture basée sur une analyse temporelle multi-résolution emboîtée. Ce simulcast à échantillonnage critique et reconstruction parfaite permet une répartition de la qualité entre les résolutions, et constitue un aboutissement satisfaisant dans la compétition des technologies scalables vs non-scalables.
Three Novel Collagen VI Chains with High Homology to the α3 Chain (2008)

Here we describe three novel collagen VI chains, alpha4, alpha5, and alpha6. The corresponding genes are arranged in tandem on mouse chromosome 9. The new chains structurally resemble the collagen VI alpha3 chain. Each chain consists of seven von Willebrand factor A domains followed by a collagenous domain, two C-terminal von Willebrand factor A domains, and a unique domain. In addition, the collagen VI alpha4 chain carries a Kunitz domain at the C terminus, whereas the collagen VI alpha5 chain contains an additional von Willebrand factor A domain and a unique domain. The size of the collagenous domains and the position of the structurally important cysteine residues within these domains are identical between the collagen VI alpha3, alpha4, alpha5, and alpha6 chains. In mouse, the new chains are found in or close to basement membranes. Collagen VI alpha1 chain-deficient mice lack expression of the new collagen VI chains implicating that the new chains may substitute for the alpha3 chain, probably forming alpha1alpha2alpha4, alpha1alpha2alpha5, or alpha1alpha2alpha6 heterotrimers. Due to a large scale pericentric inversion, the human COL6A4 gene on chromosome 3 was broken into two pieces and became a non-processed pseudogene. Recently COL6A5 was linked to atopic dermatitis and designated COL29A1. The identification of novel collagen VI chains carries implications for the etiology of atopic dermatitis as well as Bethlem myopathy and Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy.
Terahertz Parallel Plate Waveguide to Evaluate Electrical Transport Properties of 2D Materials (2016)

We demonstrate a new parallel plate waveguide (PPWG) based terahertz spectroscopy approach to characterize the electromagnetic properties of low conductive two-dimensional materials. We find that the TE mode is suitable for such prototype of materials.
The Tradeoff Between Processing Gains of an Impulse Radio UWB System in the Presence of Timing Jitter (2007)

In time hopping impulse radio, N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">f</sub> pulses of duration T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> are transmitted for each information symbol. This gives rise to two types of processing gains: (i) pulse combining gain, which is a factor Nf, and (ii) pulse spreading gain, which is N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> = T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">f</sub> /T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> , where T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">f</sub> is the mean interval between two subsequent pulses. This paper investigates the tradeoff between these two types of processing gains in the presence of timing jitter. First, an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel is considered, and approximate closed-form expressions for bit error probability (BEP) are derived for impulse radio systems with and without pulse-based polarity randomization. Both symbol-synchronous and chip-synchronous scenarios are considered. The effects of multiple-access interference (MAI) and timing jitter on the selection of optimal system parameters are explained through theoretical analysis. Finally, a multipath scenario is considered, and the tradeoff between processing gains of a synchronous impulse radio system with pulse-based polarity randomization is analyzed. The effects of the timing jitter, MAI, and interframe interference (IFI) are investigated. Simulation studies support the theoretical results.
Proteomic Analysis of theArabidopsisNucleolus Suggests Novel Nucleolar Functions (2004)

The eukaryotic nucleolus is involved in ribosome biogenesis and a wide range of other RNA metabolism and cellular functions. An important step in the functional analysis of the nucleolus is to determine the complement of proteins of this nuclear compartment. Here, we describe the first proteomic analysis of plant (Arabidopsis thaliana) nucleoli, in which we have identified 217 proteins. This allows a direct comparison of the proteomes of an important nuclear structure between two widely divergent species: human and Arabidopsis. The comparison identified many common proteins, plant-specific proteins, proteins of unknown function found in both proteomes, and proteins that were nucleolar in plants but nonnucleolar in human. Seventy-two proteins were expressed as GFP fusions and 87% showed nucleolar or nucleolar-associated localization. In a striking and unexpected finding, we have identified six components of the postsplicing exon-junction complex (EJC) involved in mRNA export and nonsense-mediated decay (NMD)/mRNA surveillance. This association was confirmed by GFP-fusion protein localization. These results raise the possibility that in plants, nucleoli may have additional functions in mRNA export or surveillance.
Passive Dynamics in the Control of Gymnastic Maneuvers. (1995)

How do athletes reliably control complex aerial maneuvers? This report explores the role that passive dynamic stability may play in making the performance of aerial maneuvers simple and reliable. I present a control strategy that allows a running robot to perform tucked front somersaults in the laboratory. I show that passive dynamics can stabilize the layout somersault which involves an ``inherently unstable'''' rotation about the intermediate principal axis. And I present a strategy combining open loop joint torques plus passive dynamics to produce 1 1/2 twisting front somersaults. Results are presented from laboratory experiments on gymnastic robots, from dynamic simulation of humans and robots, and from linear stability analyses of these systems.
DNA-barcode directed capture and electrochemical metabolic analysis of single mammalian cells on a microelectrode array (2009)

A microdevice is developed for DNA-barcode directed capture of single cells on an array of pH-sensitive microelectrodes for metabolic analysis. Cells are modified with membrane-bound single-stranded DNA, and specific single-cell capture is directed by the complementary strand bound in the sensor area of the iridium oxide pH microelectrodes within a microfluidic channel. This bifunctional microelectrode array is demonstrated for the pH monitoring and differentiation of primary T cells and Jurkat T lymphoma cells. Single Jurkat cells exhibited an extracellular acidification rate of 11 milli-pH min(-1), while primary T cells exhibited only 2 milli-pH min(-1). This system can be used to capture non-adherent cells specifically and to discriminate between visually similar healthy and cancerous cells in a heterogeneous ensemble based on their altered metabolic properties.
Reconfigurable slot antenna with wide bandwidth (2006)

In this paper, a frequency reconfigurable slot antenna which has wide bandwidth is proposed. The proposed antenna, using PIN diodes, consists of two parts; wide slot and narrow slot. To enhance the bandwidth, the antenna has a wide slot, and narrow slot in which PIN diodes are applied that controls center frequency by changing the on/off state of PIN diodes. Thus, the proposed antenna can have frequency reconfigurable characteristic and wide bandwidth.
Widely Tunable Burst Mode Digital Coherent Receiver With Fast Reconfiguration Time for 112 Gb/s DP-QPSK WDM Networks (2012)

A widely tunable burst mode digital coherent receiver is implemented in a 112 Gb/s DP-QPSK WDM system. The receiver performance is validated in a 24-channel WDM test-bed using a commercially available DS-DBR laser as the local oscillator. It is demonstrated that the wavelength tunable laser can switch to any one of the 24-channels in less than 130 ns, thus enabling the dynamic reception of 5 μ s optical bursts. The performance of the DS-DBR local oscillator laser is commensurate with burst mode coherent reception when differential decoding is employed and the parallel DSP implementation does not impair the polarization and frequency tracking performance of a digital coherent receiver under burst mode operation. The worst case reconfiguration time of the burst mode receiver, which is a combination of the laser switching time and the CMA convergence time, is less than 410 ns when switching from a single channel to any other channel in the WDM grid. It is shown that the variation in reconfiguration time is dependent on the convergence time of the CMA equalizer, which is adversely affected by certain input states of polarization.
Cumulative Damage Modeling for Nickel-Based Superalloys Under Creep and Fatigue Loading (2010)

Turbine blades operating in aircraft engines are subjected to complex thermomechanical conditions that include a combination of very high temperatures, high stresses and aggressive oxidizing environments. As a result, such components can simultaneously experience damage from creep-, fatigueand oxidation-related mechanisms. Selected literature models were evaluated in their capability to predict the performance of single crystal nickel-based superalloys over a wide range of test conditions. Because existing models were not sufficiently accurate for commonly used superalloys such as Rene N5, a new cumulative damage model (CDM) was developed to account for the broad range of complex stress conditions and mission strain-temperature histories that can be experienced. The predictive capability of CDM has been assessed with solid and tubular specimens tested under both simple and complex thermal-mechanical conditions. The new modeling approach was also validated on test plans designed to be representative of a cooled, thin walled component loaded under engine-simulative conditions.
Adhesion of Patterned Reactive Interfaces (2007)

We demonstrate the role of chemical surface patterns on the adhesion of soft, elastomeric interfaces. The microscale patterns consist of periodic variation of two types of silane surface chemistries: a reactive silane that bonds covalently with the soft elastomer and a passive silane that is weakly adhered with the elastomer. Using an adhesion test based on 90° peel geometry, we demonstrate that the tuning of adhesion depends on the spatial distribution of the reactive silane groups. Given our material system and pattern symmetries, an enhancement in adhesion energy is observed in a majority of the patterns. The mechanism of enhancement is associated with the shape of the contact line. Specifically, the reactive silane interfaces play a significant role in defining the width of the contact line. In instances where enhancement is observed, the width of the contact line increases because of the “pinning” of the contact line by the reactive interfaces. These results emphasize the importance of contact line interaction with the pattern shapes and demonstrate opportunities for using well-defined two-dimensional patterns to actively tune polymer adhesion.
Model-based shape matching with structural feature grouping (1995)

An essential problem in online handwriting recognition is the shape variation along with the variety of stroke number and stroke order. In this paper we present a clear and systematic approach to shape matching based on structural feature grouping. To cope with topological deformations caused by stroke connection and breaking, we incorporate some aspects of top-down approaches systematically into the shape matching algorithm. The grouping of local structural features into high-level features is controlled by high-level knowledge as well as the simple geometric conditions. The shape matching algorithm has the following properties from the viewpoint of online character recognition: (1) stroke order, direction, and number are free, and (2) stroke connection and breaking are allowed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Techno-Economic Challenges for PEMFCs and DMFCs Entering Energy Sector (2003)

Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) and Direct Methanol Fuel Cells (DMFC) have been in the forefront of all fuel cell technologies for transportation and portable power applications. This is mainly because of the quantum/semi-quantum jumps in these technologies. However, there are several techno-economic challenges for these types of fuel cells to enter the energy sector. The cell structures and operating principles of PEMFC and DMFC are similar to each other. However, techno-economic challenges for PEMFCs are significantly different from those for DMFCs, due to their applications, associated competing technologies, global market, and manufacturing environment. Both types of fuel cell are close to entering the energy sector now, more than ever before. Significant reduction of PEMFCs capital cost and miniaturization of DMFCs are two critical issues. Intense research and development efforts are needed with respect to (i) finding better and less expensive electrocatalysts and proton conducting membranes (ii) optimization of structure and composition of membrane and electrode assemblies, (iii) automation of techniques to fabricate cell and stack components, and (iv) finding efficient and cost effective methods for thermal and water management.
Resolving the Heat Generated from ZrO2 Atomic Layer Deposition Surface Reactions (2023)

Abstract In situ pyroelectric calorimetry and spectroscopic ellipsometry were used to investigate surface reactions in atomic layer deposition (ALD) of zirconium oxide (ZrO 2 ). Calibrated and time‐resolved in situ ALD calorimetry provides new insights into the thermodynamics and kinetics of saturating surface reactions for tetrakis(dimethylamino)zirconium(IV) (TDMAZr) and water. The net ALD reaction heat ranged from 0.197 mJ cm −2 at 76 °C to 0.155 mJ cm −2 at 158 °C, corresponding to an average of 4.0 eV/Zr at all temperatures. A temperature dependence for reaction kinetics was not resolved over the range investigated. The temperature dependence of net reaction heat and distribution among metalorganic and oxygen source exposure is attributed to factors including growth rate, equilibrium surface hydroxylation, and the extent of the reaction. ZrO 2 ‐forming surface reactions were investigated computationally using DFT methods to better understand the influence of surface hydration on reaction thermodynamics.
Windowless Observation of Evaporation-Induced Coarsening of Au–Pt Nanoparticles in Polymer Nanoreactors (2018)

The interactions between nanoparticles and solvents play a critical role in the formation of complex, metastable nanostructures. However, direct observation of such interactions with high spatial and temporal resolution is challenging with conventional liquid-cell transmission electron microscopy (TEM) experiments. Here, a windowless system consisting of polymer nanoreactors deposited via scanning probe block copolymer lithography (SPBCL) on an amorphous carbon film is used to investigate the coarsening of ultrafine (1-3 nm) Au-Pt bimetallic nanoparticles as a function of solvent evaporation. In such reactors, homogeneous Au-Pt nanoparticles are synthesized from metal-ion precursors in situ under electron irradiation. The nonuniform evaporation of the thin polymer film not only concentrates the nanoparticles but also accelerates the coalescence kinetics at the receding polymer edges. Qualitative analysis of the particle forces influencing coalescence suggests that capillary dragging by the polymer edges plays a significant role in accelerating this process. Taken together, this work (1) provides fundamental insight into the role of solvents in the chemistry and coarsening behavior of nanoparticles during the synthesis of polyelemental nanostructures, (2) provides insight into how particles form via the SPBCL process, and (3) shows how SPBCL-generated domes, instead of liquid cells, can be used to study nanoparticle formation. More generally, it shows why conventional models of particle coarsening, which do not take into account solvent evaporation, cannot be used to describe what is occurring in thin film, liquid-based syntheses of nanostructures.