gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Centralized self-optimization of pilot powers for load balancing in LTE (2013)

Optimization of radio access networks is a challenge for cellular operators. With the deployment of new radio access technologies and advanced features, network optimization needs to be automated for performance improvement and OPerational EXpenditures (OPEX) reduction. In this paper, we propose a method for centralized self-optimization of pilot powers to perform load balancing between base stations. The proposed method uses a stochastic surrogate function to model the functional relationships between noisy Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) and network parameters, and subsequently performs optimization using a pattern search algorithm in a recursive manner. The method is applied to solve a high dimensional optimization problem of pilot power based load balancing in an LTE network. Results obtained using a flow level analytical network simulator show the advantages of the proposed recursive modeling and optimization approach as a promising solution in terms of robustness to noisy data and fast convergence to the optimum point for a high dimensional network optimization.
Super-hydrophobic 3D printed polysulfone membranes with a switchable wettability by self-assembled candle soot for efficient gravity-driven oil/water separation (2017)

Micro/nanoscale hierarchical structures of super-hydrophobic 3D printed PSU membranes and the switchable separation of oil/water mixtures.
One-step optimal space vector PWM current regulation using a neural network (2002)

This paper presents the solution for an optimal deadbeat current regulator for use in a three-phase PWM inverter connected to an AC motor. A general solution to the one-step, least-squares current error problem with modulation index constraints is derived using a space vector formulation in conjunction with the modulation index cube. The control produces a deadbeat response when it is possible and the best approximation when it is not. The contours of constant modulation index with respect to the desired current adjustment naturally decompose into a simple, four-neuron-per-phase neural network. It is also shown that the use of this neural network will improve the performance of a standard PI regulator. The neural network is implemented using simple analog circuits.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Rapid generation of plant traits via regulation of DNA mismatch repair (2005)

The reversible inhibition of DNA repair is a novel approach to maximize genetic diversity within a plant's genome in order to generate offspring exhibiting important de novo output traits. This process is based on the inhibition of the evolutionarily conserved mismatch repair (MMR) system. In this process, a human dominant negative MMR gene allele is introduced into the germline of a target plant, yielding progeny that can be screened to identify variants with commercially important agronomic output traits. Using this novel strategy, we generated MMR-deficient Arabidopsis thaliana plants that showed genome-wide instability of nucleotide repeats associated with chromosomal microsatellites, in addition to base substitution mutations. Functional screenings of the MMR-deficient Arabidopsis offspring identified variants expressing selectable traits (ethylene insensitivity and salt tolerance), as well as plants exhibiting altered morphologic traits (albinos and dwarfs). We determined by segregation analyses of variant plants that the de novo phenotypes were due to both recessive and dominant genetic mutations. Mutations caused by MMR deficiency showed a different spectrum compared with those derived using ethylmethane sulphonate (EMS) mutagenesis. Our finding demonstrates the feasibility of using reversible MMR deficiency via transient expression of a single human gene product to enhance genetic diversity in plants.
Interferon Regulatory Factor 3-Independent Double-Stranded RNA-Induced Inhibition of Hepatitis C Virus Replicons in Human Embryonic Kidney 293 Cells (2005)

The treatment of human embryonic kidney 293 cells harboring a hepatitis C virus (HCV) subgenomic replicon with the double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) mimic poly(I . C) inhibits HCV RNA replication through an undefined mechanism. Interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF 3) has been widely postulated to mediate various antiviral responses, and its role in mediating the response to dsRNA in 293 cells was examined. Treating the cells with dsRNA did not induce IRF-3 activation, as measured by nuclear localization or the induction of reporter genes. Moreover, the expression of a dominant negative form of IRF-3 did not affect either colony formation upon transfection of subgenomic replicon RNA or the inhibition of the HCV replicon by dsRNA. Our results suggest that the inhibition of HCV RNA replication by poly(I . C) in 293 cells is independent of IRF-3 activation.
Intra-articular corticosteroids associated with increased risk of total hip arthroplasty at 5 years (2022)

There may be a dose-dependent association of corticosteroid injections and a greater risk of total hip arthroplasty at 5 years. These results along with the conflicting guidelines on the efficacy of intra-articular steroids for hip pain should prompt physicians to consider osteoarthritis progression that may occur in the setting of corticosteroid injections in non-arthritic hips.
Measurement of the mass of the top quark in decays with a J/ψ meson in pp collisions at 8 TeV (2016)

A first measurement of the top quark mass in the decay channel t (W )(b J/ + X + -+ X) is presented. The analysis uses events selected from the proton-proton collisions recorded by the CMS detector at the LHC at a center-ofmass energy of 8 TeV. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb -1 , with 666 t t and single top quark candidate events containing a reconstructed J/ candidate decaying into an oppositely-charged muon pair. The mass of the (J/ + ) system, where is an electron or a muon from W boson decay, is used to extract a top quark mass of 173.5 3.0 (stat) 0.9 (syst) GeV.
Assay of hepatitis B virus DNA by polymerase chain reaction and its relationship to Pre-S- and S-encoded viral surface antigens (1991)

The polymerase chain reaction was evaluated as a diagnostic tool in 72 chronic hepatitis B virus carriers. Hepatitis B virus DNA was detectable in the serum of HBsAg-positive virus carriers using aliquots as small as 100 al. The detection limit for cloned hepatitis B virus DNA was 100 ag. Primer pairs for different regions of the HBV genome resulted in different sensitivity. Detection of the amplified hepatitis B virus DNA by Southern blotting and subsequent scintillation counting or densitometry allowed a semiquantitative assay. Using several primer pairs in parallel for optimal detection, all HBeAg-positive HBsAg carriers, 80% of HBe antibody-positive symptomatic HBsAg carriers and 57% of asymptomatic HBe antibody-positive HBsAg carriers were found to have hepatitis B virus DNA in the serum. During antiviral therapy hepatitis B virus DNA disappeared by the polymerase chain reaction assay in patients who became HBeAg negative, but polymerase chain reaction detected a relapse earlier than did the conventional dot blot. Pre-S antigens were assayed in serum and liver samples from most chronic carriers by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and/or immunoblot. Although most viremic carriers were strongly positive for pre-S1 and pre-S2 antigens, some hepatitis B virus DNA-positive HBsAg carriers did not have detectable pre-S antigens, and vice versa. Our data show that assay of hepatitis B virus DNA in the serum by polymerase chain reaction is by far more proficient than by dot blot and that it cannot be replaced by serological assays of HBeAg or pre-S antigen.
Learning to Learn: Algorithmic Inspirations from Human Problem Solving (2021)

We harness the ability of people to perceive and interact with visual patterns in order to enhance the performance of a machine learning method. We show how we can collect evidence about how people optimize the parameters of an ensemble classification system using a tool that provides a visualization of misclassification costs. Then, we use these observations about human attempts to minimize cost in order to extend the performance of a state-of-the-art ensemble classification system. The study highlights opportunities for learning from evidence collected about human problem solving to refine and extend automated learning and inference.
Sparse Inertial Poser: Automatic 3D Human Pose Estimation from Sparse IMUs (2017)

We address the problem of making human motion capture in the wild more practical by using a small set of inertial sensors attached to the body. Since the problem is heavily under-constrained, previous methods either use a large number of sensors, which is intrusive, or they require additional video input. We take a different approach and constrain the problem by: (i) making use of a realistic statistical body model that includes anthropometric constraints and (ii) using a joint optimization framework to fit the model to orientation and acceleration measurements over multiple frames. The resulting tracker Sparse Inertial Poser (SIP) enables motion capture using only 6 sensors (attached to the wrists, lower legs, back and head) and works for arbitrary human motions. Experiments on the recently released TNT15 dataset show that, using the same number of sensors, SIP achieves higher accuracy than the dataset baseline without using any video data. We further demonstrate the effectiveness of SIP on newly recorded challenging motions in outdoor scenarios such as climbing or jumping over a wall.
Orthogonal glycolytic pathway enables directed evolution of noncanonical cofactor oxidase (2022)

Noncanonical cofactor biomimetics (NCBs) such as nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN<sup>+</sup>) provide enhanced scalability for biomanufacturing. However, engineering enzymes to accept NCBs is difficult. Here, we establish a growth selection platform to evolve enzymes to utilize NMN<sup>+</sup>-based reducing power. This is based on an orthogonal, NMN<sup>+</sup>-dependent glycolytic pathway in Escherichia coli which can be coupled to any reciprocal enzyme to recycle the ensuing reduced NMN<sup>+</sup>. With a throughput of >10<sup>6</sup> variants per iteration, the growth selection discovers a Lactobacillus pentosus NADH oxidase variant with ~10-fold increase in NMNH catalytic efficiency and enhanced activity for other NCBs. Molecular modeling and experimental validation suggest that instead of directly contacting NCBs, the mutations optimize the enzyme's global conformational dynamics to resemble the WT with the native cofactor bound. Restoring the enzyme's access to catalytically competent conformation states via deep navigation of protein sequence space with high-throughput evolution provides a universal route to engineer NCB-dependent enzymes.
Remote Center of Compliance Reconsidered (1996)

Abstract Remote center-of-compliance devices have long been used to facilitate insertion for assembly operations. A new analysis with a more accurate model better characterizes the interesting properties of remote compliance. The center location and stiffnesses are presented as nondimensional ratios that are only functions of geometrical properties and Poisson’s ratio. Important results show: i) the high sensitivity of the center location and ii) the inverse relationship between linear and angular lateral stiffnesses.
Broiler Campylobacter Contamination and Human Campylobacteriosis in Iceland (2008)

To examine whether there is a relationship between the degree of Campylobacter contamination observed in product lots of retail Icelandic broiler chicken carcasses and the incidence of human disease, 1,617 isolates from 327 individual product lots were genetically matched (using the flaA short variable region [SVR[) to 289 isolates from cases of human campylobacteriosis whose onset was within approximately 2 weeks from the date of processing. When there was genetic identity between broiler isolates and human isolates within the appropriate time frame, a retail product lot was classified as implicated in human disease. According to the results of this analysis, there were multiple clusters of human disease linked to the same process lot or lots. Implicated and nonimplicated retail product lots were compared for four lot descriptors: lot size, prevalence, mean contamination, and maximum contamination (as characterized by direct rinse plating). For retail product distributed fresh, Mann-Whitney U tests showed that implicated product lots had significantly (P = 0.0055) higher mean contamination than nonimplicated lots. The corresponding median values were 3.56 log CFU/carcass for implicated lots and 2.72 log CFU/carcass for nonimplicated lots. For frozen retail product, implicated lots were significantly (P = 0.0281) larger than nonimplicated lots. When the time frame was removed, retail product lots containing Campylobacter flaA SVR genotypes also seen in human disease had significantly higher mean and maximum contamination numbers than lots containing no genotypes seen in human disease for both fresh and frozen product. Our results suggest that cases of broiler-borne campylobacteriosis may occur in clusters and that the differences in mean contamination levels may provide a basis for regulatory action that is more specific than a presence-absence standard.
Concentration and proteolysis of CX3CL1 may regulate the microglial response to CX3CL1 (2022)

Fractalkine (FKN) is a membrane-bound chemokine that can be cleaved by proteases such as ADAM 10, ADAM 17, and cathepsin S to generate soluble fragments. Studies using different forms of the soluble FKN yield conflicting results in vivo. These observations prompted us to investigate the function and pharmacology of two commonly used isoforms of FKN, a human full-length soluble FKN (sFKN), and a human chemokine domain only FKN (cdFKN). Both are prevalent in the literature and are often assumed to be functionally equivalent. We observed that recombinant sFKN and cdFKN exhibit similar potencies in a cell-based cAMP assay, but binding affinity for CX3CR1 was modestly different. There was a 10-fold difference in potency between sFKN and cdFKN when assessing their ability to stimulate β-arrestin recruitment. Interestingly, high concentrations of FKN, regardless of cleavage variant, were ineffective at reducing pro-inflammatory microglial activation and may induce a pro-inflammatory response. This effect was observed in mouse and rat primary microglial cells as well as microglial cell lines. The inflammatory response was exacerbated in aged microglia, which is known to exhibit age-related inflammatory phenotypes. We observed the same effects in Cx3cr1-/- primary microglia and therefore speculate that an alternative FKN receptor may exist. Collectively, these data provide greater insights into the function and pharmacology of these common FKN reagents, which may clarify conflicting reports and urge greater caution in the selection of FKN peptides for use in in vitro and in vivo studies and the interpretation of results obtained using these differing peptides.
High Performance Na-doped PbTe–PbS Thermoelectric Materials: Electronic Density of States Modification and Shape-Controlled Nanostructures (2011)

Thermoelectric heat-to-power generation is an attractive option for robust and environmentally friendly renewable energy production. Historically, the performance of thermoelectric materials has been limited by low efficiencies, related to the thermoelectric figure-of-merit ZT. Nanostructuring thermoelectric materials have shown to enhance ZT primarily via increasing phonon scattering, beneficially reducing lattice thermal conductivity. Conversely, density-of-states (DOS) engineering has also enhanced electronic transport properties. However, successfully joining the two approaches has proved elusive. Herein, we report a thermoelectric materials system whereby we can control both nanostructure formations to effectively reduce thermal conductivity, while concurrently modifying the electronic structure to significantly enhance thermoelectric power factor. We report that the thermoelectric system PbTe-PbS 12% doped with 2% Na produces shape-controlled cubic PbS nanostructures, which help reduce lattice thermal conductivity, while altering the solubility of PbS within the PbTe matrix beneficially modifies the DOS that allow for enhancements in thermoelectric power factor. These concomitant and synergistic effects result in a maximum ZT for 2% Na-doped PbTe-PbS 12% of 1.8 at 800 K.
Improved Machine Translation Performance via Parallel Sentence Extraction from Comparable Corpora (2004)

The effects of thoracic epidural anesthesia (TEA) on the contractile performance of ischemic and postischemic myocardium have not been well investigated. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effects of TEA on severity and duration of myocardial stunning in an experimental model for sublethal acute myocardial ischemia. Seven dogs were chronically instrumented for measurement of heart rate (HR), left atrial (LAP), aortic and left ventricular pressure (LVP), LV dP/dtmax' and myocardial wall-thickening fraction (WTF). An occluder around the left anterior descending artery (LAD) allowed induction of reversible LAD ischemia. TEA was performed with lidocaine 4 mg/kg through a chronically implanted epidural catheter at the second thoracic level. Regional myocardial blood flow was determined with colored microspheres. Two experiments were performed in a cross-over design on separate days: Experiment 1, induction of 10 min of LAD ischemia without TEA; and Experiment 2, induction of 10 min of LAD ischemia with TEA. WTF was measured at baseline (BL) and predetermined time points until complete recovery from ischemic dysfunction occurred. LAD ischemia caused a significant decrease of LAD-WTF with (-28% +/- 5.1% versus BL) and without TEA (-15.5% +/- 5.3% versus BL). After 3 h of reperfusion, WTF as percent of BL values was significantly higher with TEA (P < 0.001). BL values of WTF were reached after 24 h with TEA and after more than 48 h without TEA (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences for mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), LVP, LAP, and LVdP/dtmax between the groups during ischemia and reperfusion. In nonischemic myocardium TEA caused an increase of subendocardial blood flow. During ischemia neither the subendocardial/subepicardial nor the occluded/ normal zone blood flow was affected by TEA. TEA attenuates myocardial stunning in conscious dogs. This finding is consistent with data regarding a reduction of infarct size due to TEA.
From vertical-cavities to hybrid metal/photonic-crystal nanocavities: towards high-efficiency nanolasers (2012)

We provide a numerical study showing that a bottom reflector is indispensable to achieve unidirectional emission from a photonic-crystal (PhC) nanolaser. First, we study a PhC slab nanocavity suspended over a flat mirror formed by a dielectric or metal substrate. We find that the laser’s vertical emission can be enhanced by more than a factor of 6 compared with the device in the absence of the mirror. Then, we study the situation where the PhC nanocavity is in contact with a flat metal surface. The underlying metal substrate may serve as both an electrical current pathway and a heat sink, which would help achieve continuous-wave lasing operation at room temperature. The design of the laser emitting at 1.3 μm reveals that a relatively high cavity Q of over 1000 is achievable assuming room-temperature gold as a substrate. Furthermore, linearly polarized unidirectional vertical emission with the radiation efficiency over 50% can be achieved. Finally, we discuss how this hybrid design relates to various plasmonic cavities and propose a useful quantitative measure of the degree of the “plasmonic” character in a general metallic nanocavity.
Precoding for Satellite Communications: Why, How and What next? (2021)

peer reviewed
Evolution of Mobile Fronthaul towards 5G Wireless and Its Impact on Time-Sensitive Optical Networking (2017)

We review recent progresses made in the field of mobile fronthaul to support massive MIMO and cloud radio access networking. The evolution of mobile fronthaul towards 5G wireless and its impact on time-sensitive optical networking are discussed.
Deep Learning Enabling Analysis of Exhaled Breath Using Fourier Transform Spectroscopy in the Mid-Infrared (2021)

Exhaled breath analysis is a promising noninvasive method for rapid diagnosis of diseases by detecting different types of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that are used as biomarkers for early detection of various diseases such as lung cancer, diabetes, anemias, etc... and more recently COVID-19. Infrared spectroscopy seems to be a promising method for VOCs detection due to its ease of use, selectivity, and existence of compact low-cost devices. In this work, the use of Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) spectrometer to analyze breath samples contained in a gas cell is investigated using deep learning and taking into account the practical performance limits of the spectrometer. Synthetic spectra are generated using infrared gas spectra databases to emulate real spectra resulted from a breath sample and train the neural network model (NNM). The dataset is generated in the spectral range of 2000 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> to 6500 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> and assuming a light-gas interaction length of 5 meters. The FTIR device performance is assumed with a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 20,000:1 and a spectral resolution of 40 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> . The proposed NNM contains a locally connected and 4 fully connected layers. The concentrations of 9 biomarker gases in the exhaled breath are predicted with r <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> score higher than 0.93, including carbon dioxide, water vapor, acetone, ethene, ammonia, methane, carbonyl sulfide, carbon monoxide and acetaldehyde demonstrating the possibility of detection.
The acoustic spectroscopy of asphaltene aggregation in petroleum (2012)

A sphaltenes are well known to be important in causing blockages during production, transportation and refining. They are also responsible for the formation of tar mats in petroleum reservoirs, which can impede crude oil recovery. Acoustic spectroscopy in the frequency range 2 – 120 MHz was used to detect the aggregation of asphaltenes in a North Sea crude oil (UK continental shelf). In the absence of aggregation, both the toluene solvent and the maltenes isolated from the oil exhibit a power law dependence which is a function of the continuous phase. In contrast the crude oil itself showed clear signs of a changing size of the scattering entities. With sufficient information, it may in future be possible to determine the size of the scattering particles from the acoustic spectrum including the changing size of the asphaltene particles during aggregation.
Glutathione-triggered release of model drug molecules from mesoporous silica nanoparticles via a non-redox process (2015)

Model drug-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) that are responsive to the pH rather than the redox changes related to glutathione (GSH) are prepared using surfactant-free MSNs as a precursor.