gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient Pre-Coding Techniques for Wavelet-Based Image Compression∗ (2003)

In this paper we introduce a novel framework for the design of effective compression schemes using the discrete wavelet transform (DWT). Wavelet-based image compression schemes combine transform coding with subband coding techniques. Usually they consist of three modules: first and main part is an invertible transformation which decomposes the signal into dyadic structured subbands by convolution-decimation operations. It decorrelates mutually dependent parts and performs an energy compaction. The second module is a quantizer which annihilates visually non-relevant information, and the third and final part in this three-stage process consists of an entropy coder which removes redundancies in the stream of symbols generated by the quantizer. Many (very effective) research activities intend to optimize the transformation and/or the quantization in order to increase the compression performance of the coder [2] [4] [8]. In this paper, however, we use a non-sophisticated fast wavelet trans...
Direct photopatterning of metal oxide materials using photosensitive organometallic precursor films (2002)

A novel class of photosensitive organometallic precursor materials is used to pattern thin film mixed-metal oxide structures. In this work a photosensitive organometallic precursor is coated onto a silicon substrate and exposed to ultraviolet light through a mask to form patterned oxide structures. This is a negative-tone process in which the unexposed areas can be washed away using a developer solvent. In this work, lithographic contrast curves were measured to characterize the sensitivity and contrast of thin films composed of a mixture of the organometallic precursors for the oxides barium, strontium and titanium. Experiments directed at finding methods to increase the photo-speed of these materials were also conducted. It was found that partial pre-exposure conversion of these films using thermal baking could be used to enhance the sensitivity of these materials. A pre-exposure bake performed at 150 degrees C for 15 seconds was found to decrease the required exposure dose by a factor of two. Dielectric properties were measured for photochemically converted oxide films via electrical measurements on parallel plate capacitor devices. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to quantify the relative amounts of carbon present in the finished films, and it was determined that thermally processes films had higher levels of carbon contamination.
Study of the Dynamics of Local Particle Removal Efficiencies Using Localized Haze Maps (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Phase and Structure Transformations in Mixed CsICsBr Crystals (1992)

X-ray methods are used to study the peculiarities of solid solution decomposition in mixed CsI-CsBr crystals. This process is started at the surface and results in the polycrystalline layer formation. The structure of this layer inherits the morphology of the initial surface and is completed by the turning of crystallites to the texture axis 〈110〉. The solutions with small impurity content (< 7 %) are stable. It is shown that a high content of moisture stimulates the decomposition process. At the same time the hydrolysis of the crystallite surface essentially restricts the possibility of secondary recrystallization. The mixed crystals under consideration turn out to be instable, despite the closeness of iodine and bromine ionic radii. Les particularités de la désagrégation de la solution solide ont éé étudiés par les méthodes radiographiques dans les cristaux mixtes CsICsBr. Ce processus est déterminé par la répartition des components de la solution solide résultant en formation de la couche policristalline composée de la mélange de deux phases nouvelles. La structure de la couche hérite de la morphologie de la surface de départ et s'achève par le retournement des cristallites dans la direction de la texture 〈110〉. Les solutions solides avec le bas contenu de l'addition (< 7%) sont stables. Il est montré que l'humidité élevée stimule le commencement du processus de la désagrégation. A la fois l'hydrolisation de la surface des crystallites est un facteur essentiel limitant la possibilité de la récristallisation secondaire. En somme, malgré que les radius ioniques d'iode et brome sont proches, les cristaux mixtes sur la base de ces composants sont instables.
Manufacturing scale-up of composite fuselage crown panels (1993)

The goal of the Boeing effort under the NASA ACT program is to reduce manufacturing costs of composite fuselage structure. Materials, fabrication of complex subcomponents and assembly issues are expected to drive the costs of composite fuselage structure. Several manufacturing concepts for the crown section of the fuselage were evaluated through the efforts of a Design Build Team (DBT). A skin-stringer-frame intricate bond design that required no fasteners for the panel assembly was selected for further manufacturing demonstrations. The manufacturing processes selected for the intricate bond design include Advanced Tow Placement (ATP) for multiple skin fabrication, resin transfer molding (RTM) of fuselage frames, innovative cure tooling, and utilization of low-cost material forms. Optimization of these processes for final design/manufacturing configuration was evaluated through the fabrication of several intricate bond panels. Panels up to 7 ft. by 10 ft. in size were fabricated to simulate half scale production parts. The qualitative and quantitative results of these manufacturing demonstrations were used to assess manufacturing risks and technology readiness for production.
Threat-based sensor management for joint target tracking and classification (2015)

Joint target tracking and classification is a challenging problem where the class of a target must be estimated in addition to its kinematic states, such as position and velocity. This problem is of special importance both in civilian and in military domain, where target classification plays an important role in the decisions that an operator makes. Moreover, when several sensing options are available for performing joint target tracking and classification then a sensor management problem arises in addition to the joint tracking and classification problem. For addressing this sensor management problem, we propose managing the uncertainty in the threat-level of a target under observation. Since threat is a context-sensitive quantity, it can be defined in different operational contexts both civilian and military. This makes threat-based sensor management for joint classification and tracking a promising alternative to standard sensor management schemes that can be found in the literature. In order to support the latter statement and demonstrate the potential of our idea, we show simulated examples from both domains.
Triamidoamine Complexes of Molybdenum and Tungsten That Contain Metal−E (E = N, P, and As) Single, Double, or Triple Bonds (1997)

Addition of two or more equivalents of LiPPhH to [N3N]MCl ([N3N]3- = [(Me3SiNCH2CH2)3N]3-; M = Mo or W) produced [N3N]M⋮P complexes via intermediate [N3N]M(PPhH) complexes. The reaction between [N3N]MoCl and 2 equiv of LiAsPhH in the absence of light gave a mixture of [N3N]Mo⋮As (∼30% yield) and [N3N]MoPh. [N3N]Mo⋮N and [N3N]W⋮N were both prepared via decomposition of intermediate azide complexes. Tungsten nitrido, phosphido, or arsenido complexes react readily with methyl triflate in toluene to give the cationic methyl imido, methyl phosphinidene, and methyl arsinidene complexes, respectively. Addition of methyl triflate or trimethylsilyl triflate to [N3N]Mo⋮N yields the cationic imido complexes {[N3N]MoNMe}OTf and {[N3N]MoNSiMe3}OTf, respectively, but {[N3N]Mo=PMe}OTf is not stable in solution at room temperature for more than 1−2 h. The reaction between “[Rh(CO)2(CH3CN)2]PF6” and 2 equiv of [N3N]Mo⋮P or [N3N]W⋮P gave red, crystalline adducts that contain two [N3N]M⋮P “ligands”, e.g., [Rh{[N3N]W⋮P}2(CO)(CH3CN)]+, while red, crystalline [Rh{[N3N]W⋮As}2(CO)(CH3CN)]PF6 could be prepared by an analogous route. {[N3N]MoNSiMe3}OTf could be reduced to “19-electron” [N3N]MoNSiMe3, while addition of MeMgCl to {[N3N]MoNSiMe3}OTf or {[N3N]MoNMe}OTf yielded complexes of the type [N3N]Mo(NR)(Me). The complex in which R = Me was unstable with respect to loss of methane and formation of the iminato complex, [N3N]Mo(NCH2). Both [N3NF]W(PPhH) and [N3NF]Mo(PPhH) ([N3NF]3- = [(C6F5NCH2CH2)3N]3-) could be prepared readily, but all attempts to prepare [N3NF]W⋮P failed. X-ray studies of [N3N]W⋮P, [N3N]Mo(PPhH), [N3N]Mo⋮As, {[N3N]WAsMe}OTf, [Rh{[N3N]W⋮P}2(CO)(CH3CN)]+, and [N3N]Mo=NSiMe3 are presented and discussed.
Accurate Solutions to Unsteady Problems by Monotone Implicit Fluctuation Splitting Schemes (2003)

This paper aims at providing multi-dimensional upwind schemes for two-dimensional unsteady flow problems with second- and third-order accuracy on unstructured cell-vertex triangular grids. The methods are based on a residual distribution spatial discretization and a dual-time stepping approach. A recently developed distribution scheme of the unsteady-fluctuation term, coupled with a new limiting procedure for hampering spurious extrema, provides second-order accuracy for both scalar advection problems and inviscid flows with discontinuities. For the case of scalar advection problems the method is improved to achieve third-order accuracy by employing a parabolic reconstruction of the solution over each triangle together with a third-order backward time discretization.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Characterization of CD33/CD3 Tetravalent Bispecific Tandem Diabodies (TandAbs) for the Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Proliferation assays with PBMCs and T-cell cultures. Incorporation of BrdU in proliferating cells over a four-day incubation quantified using a BrdU ELISA as a function of increasing TandAb concentration.&lt;/p&gt;
Control methodologies for precision positioning systems (2013)

We have many servo systems that require nano/micro level positioning accuracy. This requirement sets a number of interesting challenges from the viewpoint of sensing, actuation, and control algorithms. This paper considers the control aspect for precision positioning. In motion control systems at nano/micro levels, it has been noted that the control algorithm should be customized as much as possible to the spectrum of disturbances. We will examine how prior knowledge about the disturbance spectrum should be utilized in the design of control algorithms and what are advantages of such prior knowledge. The algorithms will be evaluated on a simulated hard disk drive (HDD) benchmark problem and a laboratory setup for a wafer scanner that is equipped with a laser interferometer for position measurement.
Preclinical Evaluation of an 131I-Labeled Benzamide for Targeted Radiotherapy of Metastatic Melanoma (2010)

Radiolabeled benzamides are attractive candidates for targeted radiotherapy of metastatic melanoma as they bind melanin and exhibit high tumor uptake and retention. One such benzamide, N-(2-diethylamino-ethyl)-4-(4-fluoro-benzamido)-5-iodo-2-methoxy-benzamide (MIP-1145), was evaluated for its ability to distinguish melanin-expressing from amelanotic human melanoma cells, and to specifically localize to melanin-containing tumor xenografts. The binding of [(131)I]MIP-1145 to melanoma cells in vitro was melanin dependent, increased over time, and insensitive to mild acid treatment, indicating that it was retained within cells. Cold carrier MIP-1145 did not reduce the binding, consistent with the high capacity of melanin binding of benzamides. In human melanoma xenografts, [(131)I]MIP-1145 exhibited diffuse tissue distribution and washout from all tissues except melanin-expressing tumors. Tumor uptake of 8.82% injected dose per gram (ID/g) was seen at 4 hours postinjection and remained at 5.91% ID/g at 24 hours, with tumor/blood ratios of 25.2 and 197, respectively. Single photon emission computed tomography imaging was consistent with tissue distribution results. The administration of [(131)I]MIP-1145 at 25 MBq or 2.5 GBq/m(2) in single or multiple doses significantly reduced SK-MEL-3 tumor growth, with multiple doses resulting in tumor regression and a durable response for over 125 days. To estimate human dosimetry, gamma camera imaging and pharmacokinetic analysis was performed in cynomolgus monkeys. The melanin-specific binding of [(131)I]MIP-1145 combined with prolonged tumor retention, the ability to significantly inhibit tumor growth, and acceptable projected human dosimetry suggest that it may be effective as a radiotherapeutic pharmaceutical for treating patients with metastatic malignant melanoma.
Discrete Sweeping Jets as Tools for Separation Control (2008)

Experiments aimed at delaying flow separation through discrete jets pointing in the direction of streaming and sweeping side-to-side along the span were conducted on two airfoils, a NACA0015 and a V-22 airfoil with and without deflected trailing edge flaps. The results indicated substantial drag reduction and lift increase at moderately low inputs of mass and momentum. Additional experiments were carried out on a semi-span V-22 wingnacelle combination and they too provided an increase in L/D of approximately 60%, even with the presence of nacelle drag and induced drag. The effectiveness of the sweeping jets on reducing the download force acting on a V-22 powered model in hover was also examined. A 29% reduction in download was realized using the embedded sweeping jets.
Restricted transport of cationic macromolecules across intestinal capillaries (1983)

The charge-selective properties of intestinal capillaries were investigated by measuring steady-state lymph-to-plasma concentration ratios (L/P) of endogenous and exogenous macromolecules of comparable molecular size but different charge. The steady-state L/P values for endogenous lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes (LD1-LD5) decreased with increasing isoelectric point. The osmotic reflection coefficient for LD1, the most negative isoenzyme studied, was 0.71 +/- 0.01; that for the most positive isoenzyme (LD5) was 0.95 +/- 0.01. The steady-state L/P for an exogenous molecule, neutral dextran, was 0.51 +/- 0.04; the L/P for the positively charged dextran of similar size was 0.25 +/- 0.04. The results indicate that intestinal capillaries behave as a positively charged barrier that reduces blood-lymph exchange of cationic macromolecules and enhances the exchange of anionic molecules.
Metal‐to‐Semiconductor Transition and Electronic Dimensionality Reduction of Ca2N Electride under Pressure (2018)

The discovery of electrides, in particular, inorganic electrides where electrons substitute anions, has inspired striking interests in the systems that exhibit unusual electronic and catalytic properties. So far, however, the experimental studies of such systems are largely restricted to ambient conditions, unable to understand their interactions between electron localizations and geometrical modifications under external stimuli, e.g., pressure. Here, pressure-induced structural and electronic evolutions of Ca<sub>2</sub>N by in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction and electrical resistance measurements, and density functional theory calculations with particle swarm optimization algorithms are reported. Experiments and computation are combined to reveal that under compression, Ca<sub>2</sub>N undergoes structural transforms from <i>R</i> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mn>3</mml:mn> <mml:mo>¯</mml:mo></mml:mover> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> <i>m</i> symmetry to <i>I</i> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mn>4</mml:mn> <mml:mo>¯</mml:mo></mml:mover> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> 2<i>d</i> phase via an intermediate <i>Fd</i> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mn>3</mml:mn> <mml:mo>¯</mml:mo></mml:mover> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> <i>m</i> phase, and then to <i>Cc</i> phase, accompanied by the reductions of electronic dimensionality from 2D, 1D to 0D. Electrical resistance measurements support a metal-to-semiconductor transition in Ca<sub>2</sub>N because of the reorganizations of confined electrons under pressure, also validated by the calculation. The results demonstrate unexplored experimental evidence for a pressure-induced metal-to-semiconductor switching in Ca<sub>2</sub>N and offer a possible strategy for producing new electrides under moderate pressure.
Microorganisms in High‐temperature Sulfur Environments (2007)

Abstract Sulfur‐rich high‐temperature environments such as solfataric fields, hot springs and ‘black smokers’ provide habitats for microbial life at the upper temperature border. Such regions have yielded hyperthermophilic bacteria and archaea that grow optimally at temperatures above 80°C, some even above 100°C.
Dual‐agent fluorescent labeling of soft‐tissue sarcomas improves the contrast based upon targeting both interstitial and cellular components of the tumor milieu (2020)

Dual-agent imaging utilizing a single channel in a commercial fluorescence-guided imaging system tailored for IRDye 800CW is a promising method to increase tumor contrast in a clinical setting.
A cytochrome c mutant with high electron transfer and antioxidant activities but devoid of apoptogenic effect (2002)

A cytochrome c mutant lacking apoptogenic function but competent in electron transfer and antioxidant activities has been constructed. To this end, mutant species of horse and yeast cytochromes c with substitutions in the N-terminal α-helix or position 72 were obtained. It was found that yeast cytochrome c was much less effective than the horse protein in activating respiration of rat liver mitoplasts deficient in endogenous cytochrome c as well as in inhibition of H2O2 production by the initial segment of the respiratory chain of intact rat heart mitochondria. The major role in the difference between the horse and yeast proteins was shown to be played by the amino acid residue in position 4 (glutamate in horse, and lysine in yeast; horse protein numbering). A mutant of the yeast cytochrome c containing K4E and some other ‘horse’ modifications in the N-terminal α-helix, proved to be (i) much more active in electron transfer and antioxidant activity than the wild-type yeast cytochrome c and (ii), like the yeast cytochrome c, inactive in caspase stimulation, even if added in 400-fold excess compared with the horse protein. Thus this mutant seems to be a good candidate for knock-in studies of the role of cytochrome c-mediated apoptosis, in contrast with the horse K72R, K72G, K72L and K72A mutant cytochromes that at low concentrations were less active in apoptosis than the wild-type, but were quite active when the concentrations were increased by a factor of 2–12.
Integrating combinatorial synthesis on a single glass microchip (2002)

Summary form only given. Combinatorial chemistry is becoming prevalent methodology in preparing samples for high-throughput drug screening. Here we report a prototype of a combinatorial synthetic system integrated on a single glass microchip. By sandwiching a glass plate having pierced holes between two channel-etched glass surfaces, we made a glass chip in which channels in upper and bottom plates can cross without contacting each other (two-level crossing). To check the 3-D channel network, combinatorial amide syntheses by mixing two acid chlorides with two amines were carried out.
2-Amino-N-pyrimidin-4-ylacetamides as A2AReceptor Antagonists: 2. Reduction of hERG Activity, Observed Species Selectivity, and Structure−Activity Relationships (2008)

Previously we have described a series of novel A 2A receptor antagonists with excellent water solubility. As described in the accompanying paper, the antagonists were first optimized to remove an unsubstituted furyl moiety, with the aim of avoiding the potential metabolic liabilities that can arise from the presence of an unsubstituted furan. This effort identified a series of potent and selective methylfuryl derivatives. Herein, we describe the further optimization of this series to increase potency, maintain selectivity for the human A 2A vs the human A 1 receptor, and minimize activity against the hERG channel. In addition, the observed structure-activity relationships against both the human and the rat A 2A receptor are reported.
Low Noise Tunable Preamplifiers for Microwave Receivers (1958)

An investigation of noise reduction in backwardwave amplifiers has yielded two significant results. 1) This type of amplifier has been demonstrated to be capable of very-low noise figures and therefore constitutes an entirely new class of microwave receiver tubes. Tube noise figures less than 6 db for a 25 per cent tuning range and less than 4.5 db for a 10 per cent tuning range of the amplifier's narrow pass band have been attained. 2) Tube noise figures of well under 4 db have been measured, which are the lowest recorded to date on any type of microwave tube. This performance results from a special low-noise gun which was developed for use with hollow electron beams and which features a new type of beam launching mechanism. The experimental S-band tubes and "Christmas-tree gun" are described. Detailed noise performance of the tubes is presented, as well as other data relating to the operation of the tube as a receiver component. On the basis of these experiments, it is concluded that still lower noise figures are possible using the basic concepts of this new gun, not only for backward-wave amplifiers, but also for other types of microwave tubes.
Elimination of the Edge Effect in Superconducting Indium and Tin Films (1964)

Superconducting thin film strips of indium and tin from 3000 to 10 000 Å thick, having sharp, magnetically induced resistive transitions between their superconducting and normal states, have been produced. Usually, the width of such transitions may be as much as 50% to 100% of the critical field because of the relatively high fields required to switch the thinner, tapered edges of the films. This tendency has been counteracted by preferentially depressing the critical temperature near the film edges through the use of an overlapping film of copper or gold, up to several hundred angstroms thick. Transition sharpening equivalent to that observed when the edges of the superconducting films are mechanically removed has thus been achieved. Behavior predicted by analyses of a simplified model has been found to be consistent with experimental observations.