gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Physical limits of cell migration: Control by ECM space and nuclear deformation and tuning by proteolysis and traction force (2013)

Cell migration through 3D tissue depends on a physicochemical balance between cell deformability and physical tissue constraints. Migration rates are further governed by the capacity to degrade ECM by proteolytic enzymes, particularly matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and integrin- and actomyosin-mediated mechanocoupling. Yet, how these parameters cooperate when space is confined remains unclear. Using MMP-degradable collagen lattices or nondegradable substrates of varying porosity, we quantitatively identify the limits of cell migration by physical arrest. MMP-independent migration declined as linear function of pore size and with deformation of the nucleus, with arrest reached at 10% of the nuclear cross section (tumor cells, 7 µm²; T cells, 4 µm²; neutrophils, 2 µm²). Residual migration under space restriction strongly depended upon MMP-dependent ECM cleavage by enlarging matrix pore diameters, and integrin- and actomyosin-dependent force generation, which jointly propelled the nucleus. The limits of interstitial cell migration thus depend upon scaffold porosity and deformation of the nucleus, with pericellular collagenolysis and mechanocoupling as modulators.
Reduced CFC Refrigerant Emission By a Modified Vapor Compression Refrigeration Cycle (1990)

This paper describes a modification of vapor compression cycles with a novel Heat-Mass-Exchange (HME) technique.The HME unit reduces irreversibilities by utilizing the heat generated in the compressor to pump a portion of the refrigerant.It also allows the utilization of low grade heat sources (say, at 100C) to supply a portion of the required thermodynamic work.Calculations indicate that energy savings of 20 to 30% can be realized, thus making the use non-CFC refrigerants more economically viable.Theoretical and technical considerations of HME-enhanced vapor compression cycle are discussed and two specific examples are provided.
Multimode Air-Coupled Excitation of Micromechanical Structures (2008)

The development of an acoustic measurement system for multimode air-coupled excitation and detection of micrometer-scale cantilever structures, which are, for example, used in micro-electromechanical systems (MEMSs), is detailed and reported for the first time. The source of noncontact vibrational excitation is a pulsed acoustic field generated by an air-coupled transducer. In the experimental system, the transient response of the cantilever beam is obtained at various points along the beam axis to extract its resonance frequencies and corresponding mode shapes. We demonstrate that measurable amplitudes of vibrations can be obtained at various excitation levels in the megahertz range, and higher harmonics of vibration of a microbeam can be excited by the air-coupled mechanism from a distance on the order of 10 mm. In the specific utilizations of the reported system, resonance frequencies and mode shapes can be related to the mechanical properties and geometric attributes (dimensions and defects), as well as the residual stress state in a microstructural element using various established computational and experimental inverse techniques. Another potential application area of the reported system is in the sensors for detecting the bending stiffness of deposited films on cantilever oscillators (in addition to its film mass loading) to increase the detection sensitivity and selectivity in a single sensing element.
An optimized agonist peptide of protease-activated receptor 4 and its use in a validated platelet-aggregation assay (2022)

Protease-activated receptor 4 (PAR4) is a promising drug target to improve the efficacy/safety window of antiplatelet agents. The native peptide GYPGQV, and the more-potent peptide AYPGKF, are PAR4-specific activators. However, these PAR4 agonist peptides (APs) elicit an agonist response, for example, platelet aggregation, at concentrations of 50 to 1000 µM in platelet-function assays, thereby limiting their utility to monitor the pharmacodynamic effects of PAR4 antagonists over a wide concentration range. Improved pharmacodynamic assays are needed for clinical development of PAR4 antagonists. We attempted to identify potent PAR4 APs to aid development of robust assays for optimization of PAR4 antagonists. Using an AYPG-based biased phage-display peptide library approach followed by chemical peptide optimization, A-Phe(4-F)-PGWLVKNG was identified. This peptide demonstrated an EC<sub>50</sub> value of 3.4 µM in a platelet-aggregation assay, which is 16-fold more potent than AYPGKF. Using this new PAR4 AP, a platelet-rich plasma-aggregation assay using light-transmission aggregometry was developed and validated in a series of precision and reproducibility tests. PAR4 antagonist responses to PAR4 AP A-Phe(4-F)-PGWLVKNG (12.5 µM to 100 µM) were subsequently evaluated in this assay in vitro and ex vivo in a human study using BMS-986120, a PAR4 antagonist that entered clinical studies.
Recent Advances in the Application of Supercritical Fluids for Carbon—Carbon Bond Formation in Organic Synthesis (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Cyclosporin G (1995)

Therapeutic drug monitoring has been an integral part of the clinical investigations of cyclosporin G (OG37-325 CsG), an analogue of cyclosporin A (CsA). In general, analytic approaches used for monitoring of CsA have been used for the measurement of CsG. However, the validity of this approach may be questioned, as there are significant differences between the two drugs in the areas of blood distribution, pharmacokinetics, steady-state concentration of metabolites, and biases with the various immunoassays adapted for measurement of the drug. Based on the above, it is not appropriate to assume that the therapeutic drug monitoring protocols previously established for CsA are applicable to CsG. The latter drug should be treated as a new compound, with the development of independent therapeutic monitoring guidelines. Similar approaches should be used for other immunosuppressive drugs.
Repellency of controlled-release treated-cotton fabrics based on permethrin and bioallethrin against mosquitoes (2009)

Monochlorotriazinyl-β -cyclodextrin (MCT-β -CD) was fixed permanently onto the surface of cotton fabrics. The fixed MCT-β -CD form inclusion complexes with insecticides (permethrin and bioallethrin). MCT-β -CD-finished cotton fabrics loaded with insecticides are effective in reducing malaria morbidity and mortality due to effective personal protection against mosquitoes. Bioassays show that the treated fabrics have fast action against mosquitoes at the range of concentrations studied. The toxic activity of the treated fabrics increased by increasing the insecticide concentration in the treated fabrics, and also increased by increasing the exposure times. The results show that there are great losses of the effective insecticides in control samples by washing, whereas treated fabrics retain a high level of insecticides.
Enhancement of hydrodynamic flow noise by the regulation of air bubbles in a turbulent water jet (1993)

An experiment is performed to show that the near-field hydrodynamic flow noise (generated by a submerged water jet) is enhanced when the turbulent flow is modified to become a two-phase flow containing air bubbles. Pressure spectra, in the band 5–5000 Hz, are measured using a digital spectral analyzer from signals generated by a hydrophone placed at the axial and radial position (Z=4D and R=4D) from the nozzle exit diameter, D=0.635 cm. An amplification factor, G=∫ptwo-phase2 df/∫psingle-phase2 df, is measured as a function of the gross void fraction β of the air bubbles. Here, we measure β to be the ratio of gas volume flow rate (through the bubblemaker located at the nozzle entrance) to the water volume flow rate, Qg/Qw. The amplification G is measured as a function of β by keeping Qw constant (the nozzle velocity U=13.8 m/s) and varying Qg. Results show that G∼β2 and G∼20 at β=0.0065. The mean-squared pressure fluctuation p2≡∫ptwo-phase2 df is measured as a function of U by keeping Qg fixed and varying Qw. Results show that p2∼Um, where m=3.6, 4.3, and 4.7 for Qg=50, 86, and 136 sccm, respectively. [Work supported by NCPA.]
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Mukaiyama—Michael/Michael/Aldol Domino Cyclization as the Key Step in the Synthesis of Pentasubstituted Arenes: An Efficient Access to Highly Active Inhibitors of Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein (CETP). (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Diagnosis and Classification (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Diagnosis and Diagnostic Criteria The Demonstration of an Abnormal Blood Glucose Level Using an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test The Oral Glucose Tolerance Test New Criteria in Diagnostic Value for Fasting Plasma Blood Glucose Concentrations Epidemiological Studies Classification of the Diabetes Mellitus Syndrome and Other Categories of Glucose Intolerance Changes in Terminology Clinical Classification of Diabetes Mellitus and other Categories of Glucose Tolerance The Newly Proposed Staging Classification The Newly Proposed Etiological Types Genetic Defects of β-cell Function Genetic Defects in Insulin Action Diseases of the Exocrine Pancreas Endocrinopathies Drug- or Chemical-induced Diabetes Infections Uncommon but Specific Forms of Immune-mediated Diabetes Mellitus Other Genetic Syndromes Associated with Diabetes Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes Conclusions
Methods for Accurate Acoustic Characterization with Ultra-Low Noise and Minimal Effect from Acoustic Reflections (2023)

It is common to measure the response of devices and structures to sound due to an imposed sound source.Unfortunately, acoustic reflections from walls and/or instruments often contaminate the results.In this paper, methods of acoustic characterization are described to minimize the influence of acoustic reflections.It is shown that this process results in clean and smooth data.A simple time-domain window is implemented for diminishing the contribution from reflection waves.Moreover, a single frequency curve fitting approach is employed for better parameter identification and noise reduction, compared to traditional fast Fourier Transform analysis.Results obtained from a theoretical acoustic model with a reflection source are compared with measured results.Different cases of data acquisition with time and frequency analysis are experimentally demonstrated and validated.All experimental measurements are performed in an anechoic chamber.Results show that the approach presented here significantly reduces noise and also the influences of reflection waves in experimental data acquisition outcomes.
Molecular pathogenesis of a disease: structural consequences of aspartylglucosaminuria mutations (2001)

A deficiency of functional aspartylglucosaminidase (AGA) causes a lysosomal storage disease, aspartylglucosaminuria (AGU). The recessively inherited disease is enriched in the Finnish population, where 98% of AGU alleles contain one founder mutation, AGU(Fin). Elsewhere in the world, we and others have described 18 different sporadic AGU mutations. Many of these are predicted to interfere with the complex intracellular maturation and processing of the AGA polypeptide. Proper initial folding of AGA in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is dependent on intramolecular disulfide bridge formation and dimerization of two precursor polypeptides. The subsequent activation of AGA occurs autocatalytically in the ER and the protein is transported via the Golgi to the lysosomal compartment using the mannose-6-phosphate receptor pathway. Here we use the three-dimensional structure of AGA to predict structural consequences of AGU mutations, including six novel mutations, and make an effort to characterize every known disease mutation by dissecting the effect of mutations on intracellular stability, maturation, transport and the activity of AGA. Most mutations are substitutions replacing the original amino acid with a bulkier residue. Mutations of the dimer interface prevent dimerization in the ER, whereas active site mutations not only destroy the activity but also affect maturation of the precursor. Depending on their effects on the AGA polypeptide the mutations can be categorized as mild, moderate or severe. These data contribute to the expanding body of knowledge pertaining to molecular pathogenesis of AGU.
Micro-Transfer Printer-Assembled Five Junction CPV Microcell Development (2019)

We have developed multijunction solar cells on both GaAs and InP platforms to split the solar spectrum efficiently among subcells that maintain lattice-match to their respective source substrates. The GaAs-based dual-junction solar cell has achieved 31% AM1.5D concentrator efficiency. The InP-based triple junction solar cell has achieved 8.7% AM1.5D efficiency under concentration. Using micro-transfer printing, the wide-bandgap GaAs-based subcells will be stacked on top of the narrow-gap InP-based subcells and characterized to determine 4-terminal AM1.5D efficiency of the five-junction device. The microcells, less than 200 μm on a side, are assembled on transparent glass substrates, permitting diffuse light transmission to be collected by a silicon backplane. The approach facilitates efficient collection of both direct and diffuse sunlight for potential applications in a wide variety of climates. Major milestones in III-V device development are detailed.
Effect of Connective Tissue Growth Factor on Protein Kinase Expression and Activity in Human Corneal Fibroblasts (2012)

Purpose.: To investigate signal transduction pathways for connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in human corneal fibroblasts (HCF). Methods.: Expression of 75 kinases in cultures of serum-starved (HCF) were investigated using protein kinase screens, and changes in levels of phosphorylation of 31 different phosphoproteins were determined at 0, 5, and 15 minutes after treatment with CTGF. Levels of phosphorylation of three signal transducing phosphoproteins (extracellular regulated kinase 1 [ERK1], extracellular regulated kinase 2 [ERK2] [MAPKs], and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 [STAT3]) were measured at nine time points after exposure to CTGF using Western immunoblots. Inhibition of Ras, MEK1/2 (MAPKK), and ERK1/2, on CTGF-stimulated fibroblast proliferation and collagen gel contraction was assessed using selective inhibitors farnesylthiosalicylic acid, PD-98059, and SB203580, respectively. Results.: Thirty two of the 75 kinases (43%) evaluated by the kinase screen were detected in extracts of quiescent HCF, suggesting these kinases are available to respond acutely to CTGF exposure. Addition of CTGF increased levels of phosphorylation of five phosphoproteins (ERK1 and 2, MEK1/2 [MAPKK], STAT3, and SAPK/JNK), and decreased levels of phosphorylation of 14 phosphoproteins (including protein kinases B and C) after 5 and 15 minutes. Further analysis of ERK1 and 2 and STAT3 phosphorylation showed rapid increases within 1 minute of CTGF exposure that peaked between 5 and 10 minutes then returned to pretreatment levels by 30 minutes. Treatment of HCF with selective inhibitors of Ras, MEK 1/2, and ERK1/2 individually blocked both CTGF induced cell proliferation, and collagen gel contraction. Conclusions.: Results from protein kinase screens and selective kinase inhibitors demonstrate Ras/MEK/ERK/STAT3 pathway is required for CTGF signaling in HCF.
Androgenic regulation of adipocyte alpha 2-adrenoceptor expression in male and female Syrian hamsters: proposed transcriptional mechanism. (1992)

Adaptation of male hamsters to short daily (SD) photoperiod induced a reduction of the adipocyte alpha 2-adrenoceptor (alpha 2-AR) expression which was related to a sexual involution and could be reversed by testosterone administration. In the present paper, the possible mechanisms of such a physiological regulation are explored. The effect of testosterone on the adipocyte alpha 2-AR was rapid, dose-dependent, occurred at the physiological plasma concentrations of androgen, and was mimicked by dihydrotestosterone, but not by 17 beta-estradiol, progesterone, hydrocortisol, insulin, or T3. Adaptation of female hamsters to SD photoperiod also induced a sexual involution, but no modification of the adipocyte alpha 2-AR number was observed. Administration of testosterone induced a large up-regulation of the adipocyte alpha 2-AR. Testosterone was also able to up-regulate the adipocyte alpha 2-AR in male hamsters adapted to long day photoperiod whatever their age (6-, 12-, and 25-week old). Adaptation to SD photoperiod did not modify the adipocyte adenylyl cyclase activity (basal, forskolin-stimulated, GppNHp-inhibited). Conversely, UK14304-mediated inhibition of the adenylyl cyclase was suppressed in SD photoperiod and recovered after testosterone treatment. Administration of testosterone in young male hamsters adapted to long day photoperiod induced an increase in the amount of the alpha 2-AR messenger RNA, which coincided with the increase in the alpha 2-AR maximal number. The existence of a specific regulation of the adipocyte alpha 2-AR by the androgens, probably via a transcriptional mechanism, can be hypothesized. This regulation, which occurs in both male and female hamsters, appears to be physiologically relevant.
Clinical and biochemical presentation of polycystic ovary syndrome in women between the ages of 20 and 40 (2011)

Increased age is accompanied by a decrease in the prevalence of both clinical and biochemical hyperandrogenism in women. Hyperandrogenism is the important factor for young women with PCOS; however, abdominal obesity and certain metabolic disturbances became major concerns for older women with PCOS.
Creation of an Open-Access, Mutation-Defined Fibroblast Resource for Neurological Disease Research (2012)

Our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of many neurological disorders has been greatly enhanced by the discovery of mutations in genes linked to familial forms of these diseases. These have facilitated the generation of cell and animal models that can be used to understand the underlying molecular pathology. Recently, there has been a surge of interest in the use of patient-derived cells, due to the development of induced pluripotent stem cells and their subsequent differentiation into neurons and glia. Access to patient cell lines carrying the relevant mutations is a limiting factor for many centres wishing to pursue this research. We have therefore generated an open-access collection of fibroblast lines from patients carrying mutations linked to neurological disease. These cell lines have been deposited in the National Institute for Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) Repository at the Coriell Institute for Medical Research and can be requested by any research group for use in in vitro disease modelling. There are currently 71 mutation-defined cell lines available for request from a wide range of neurological disorders and this collection will be continually expanded. This represents a significant resource that will advance the use of patient cells as disease models by the scientific community.
Eulerian multiphase conjugate model for embedded two-phase liquid cooled microprocessor (2018)

Pumped two-phase cooling utilizing an interconnect-compatible dielectric fluid is an enabling technology to fully optimize the benefits of the improved integration density possible with three-dimensional (3D) stacking, but is faced with significant developmental challenges, including the need for high fidelity modeling. In the present work, a Eulerian multiphase model developed for predicting two-phase flow and heat transfer behavior in parallel micro-channels and micro-pin fields has been extended to radial expanding channels populated with micro-pins. The model was used to design the cooling channel structures in and to predict the thermal behavior of an embedded two-phase liquid cooled microprocessor module. A detailed model validation showed that this model can predict the chip junction temperature to within two degrees of the experimental data.
Effects of acute hyperglycemia on in vivo velocity profiles of the left anterior descending coronary artery (2003)

The shape of the coronary artery velocity profile is an important determinant of local shear and shear stress gradients. In vivo velocity profiles of the left anterior descending coronary artery by Doppler ultrasound show differences in velocity distributions for canines (N=4) during acute hyperglycemia (HG) as compared to baseline (normoglycemia) conditions. Changes in the velocity profile indicate that HG may have a deleterious effect on coronary blood flow characteristics.
Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors of the Brainstem: Investigation of Seven Cases (2000)

Brainstem PNETs tend to arise at a younger age than brainstem gliomas and medulloblastomas. The MRI pattern suggests a localized rather than a diffuse intrinsic nonenhancing brainstem tumor. Like other PNETs, brainstem PNETs have a high predilection to disseminate within the central nervous system. The absence of p53 mutations is similar to other PNETs. Despite their origin close to the cerebellum, brainstem PNETs exhibit a more aggressive behavior and result in worse clinical outcomes than do cerebellar PNETs.
DC Electrical Distribution Systems in Buildings (2006)

With the gaining of popularity of concept of distribution generation (DG) and sustainable development, DG with renewable energy (RE) sources is one of the possible ways for building energy supply in the future. The current "DC-AC-DC" route from DG to DC loads via inverters may not be rational from the viewpoint of system simplicity and energy efficiency, a review on the current electrical distribution systems should be made. This paper reviews and evaluates possibilities of using DC electrical distribution systems with increasing RE resources and DC loads. There is potential of increasing energy efficiency and power quality. Drawbacks and merits are also identified.