gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nucleation of Bubbles by Electrons in Liquid Helium-4 (2018)

We report on experiments in which we study cavitation resulting from electrons in liquid helium. Electrons are introduced into the liquid by a radioactive source. After an electron comes to rest in the liquid, it forces open a small cavity referred to as an electron bubble. To study cavitation, a sound pulse is generated by means of a hemispherical piezoelectric transducer producing a large-amplitude pressure oscillation at the acoustic focus. If an electron is in the vicinity of the focus and the negative-going pressure swing exceeds a critical value, a cavitation bubble is produced which can be detected by light scattering. Two distinct critical pressures $$ P_{\text{el}} $$
 and $$ P_{\text{rare}} $$
 have been measured. The first corresponds to cavitation resulting from the application of a reduced pressure to liquid containing an electron which has already formed an electron bubble. The second is the critical pressure needed to lead to cavitation when an electron enters the liquid at a time and place where there is already a reduced pressure. We have measured these two pressures as a function of temperature and consider possible explanations for the difference between them. In addition to these clearly seen cavitation thresholds, there are some cavitation events that have been detected with a threshold that is at an even smaller negative pressure than $$ P_{\text{el}} $$
 and $$ P_{\text{rare}} $$
 .
Ribavirin restores IFNα responsiveness in HCV-infected livers by epigenetic remodelling at interferon stimulated genes (2015)

RBV-induced epigenetic changes, leading to decreased ISG expression, restore an IFN-responsive hepatic environment in patients with HCV, which may also prove useful in IFN-free regimens.
Experimental demonstration of cognitive spectrum sensing & notching for radar (2018)

A cognitive radar concept is demonstrated that incorporates spectrum sensing and subsequent waveform notching to avoid in-band interference. The interference is assumed to be caused by in-band orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) communications in the vicinity of the radar while the notched radar waveform leverages a recently developed frequency modulated (FM) noise signal structure. To emulate real-time performance, the interference signal is measured as it hops in frequency and a fast spectrum sensing algorithm is applied to assess where notches are required. Knowledge of the determined notch location is then passed to the waveform optimization process. The interference and free-space radar measurements are synthetically combined to assess the impact of the interference with and without notching and to quantify the impact of latency.
CFTR Does Not Alter Acidification of L Cell Endosomes (1994)

Endosomes from L cells, transduced with the CFTR gene, and the parental line, which does not express detectable levels of CFTR, were loaded with FITC-dextran, isolated and the initial rates of acidification, steady-state pHi, and proton leak rates were compared over a range of chloride concentrations (0-140 mM). Values for these parameters were similar for endosomes from both cell lines in the presence and absence of cAMP and PKA. These results indicate that CFTR does not alter L cell endosome acidification, possibly due to an adequate intrinsic CI- conductance or to a failure to incorporate sufficient functional CFTR or a necessary co-factor in endocytic membranes.
Why Having 10,000 Parameters in Your Camera Model Is Better Than Twelve (2020)

Camera calibration is an essential first step in setting up 3D Computer Vision systems. Commonly used parametric camera models are limited to a few degrees of freedom and thus often do not optimally fit to complex real lens distortion. In contrast, generic camera models allow for very accurate calibration due to their flexibility. Despite this, they have seen little use in practice. In this paper, we argue that this should change. We propose a calibration pipeline for generic models that is fully automated, easy to use, and can act as a drop-in replacement for parametric calibration, with a focus on accuracy. We compare our results to parametric calibrations. Considering stereo depth estimation and camera pose estimation as examples, we show that the calibration error acts as a bias on the results. We thus argue that in contrast to current common practice, generic models should be preferred over parametric ones whenever possible. To facilitate this, we released our calibration pipeline at https://github.com/puzzlepaint/camera_calibration, making both easy-to-use and accurate camera calibration available to everyone.
Ultrashort-pulse EUV and soft x-ray sources based on high-harmonic generation: principles and applications (2005)

High harmonic generation (HHG) is a useful source of coherent light in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) region of the spectrum. However, both the conversion efficiency and the highest achievable photon energy have in the past been limited in the past by the inability to phase-match the frequency conversion process. In this paper, we summarize recent results on the development of new techniques for phase-matching the high-harmonic conversion process. We also summarize finding from three series of experiments that make use of the coherent EUV light generated using HHG: 1) probing of acoustic dynamics in materials; 2) monitoring of chemical dynamics at surfaces using photoelectron spectroscopy; and 3) time-resolved plasma imaging.
Differentiation Therapy: Targeting Human Renal Cancer Stem Cells with Interleukin 15 (2011)

IL-15 directs the epithelial differentiation of renal CSCs and meets the criteria for a treatment strategy: CSC pool depletion and generation of differentiated nontumorigenic cells that are sensitive to chemotherapeutic agents.
Patient-Derived Organoid Pharmacotyping Guides Precision Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer (2022)

The patient-derived organoids (PDO) platform recapitulates the phenotype, genotype, and molecular characteristics of primary tumors. High-throughput drug screening in terms of pharmacotyping using standard-of-care chemotherapy agents in the PDO platform has shown promising sensitivities to guide precision medicine for individual patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) within a clinically relevant time frame. See related article by Seppälä et al., p. 3296.
Surface Plasmon Resonance Study of the Binding of PEO–PPO–PEO Triblock Copolymer and PEO Homopolymer to Supported Lipid Bilayers (2018)

Poloxamer 188 (P188), a poly(ethylene oxide)- b-poly(propylene oxide)- b-poly(ethylene oxide) triblock copolymer, protects cell membranes against various external stresses, whereas poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO; 8600 g/mol) homopolymer lacks protection efficacy. As part of a comprehensive effort to elucidate the protection mechanism, we used surface plasmon resonance (SPR) to obtain direct evidence of binding of the polymers onto supported lipid bilayers. Binding kinetics and coverage of P188 and PEO were examined and compared. Most notably, PEO exhibited membrane association comparable to that of P188, evidenced by comparable association rate constants and coverage. This result highlights the need for additional mechanistic understanding beyond simple membrane association to explain the differential efficacy of P188 in therapeutic applications.
Preoperative Tattooing Using Indocyanine Green in Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery (2018)

Endoscopic ICG tattooing is more useful for the preoperative localization of colonic lesions than it is for rectal lesions and should be performed within 2 days before laparoscopic surgery.
Impact of coronary CT image quality on the accuracy of the FFRCT Planner (2023)

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Private grant(s) and/or Sponsorship. Main funding source(s): The study was sponsored by the Cardiac Research Institute Aalst (Aalst, Belgium) with unrestricted grants from HeartFlow (Redwood City, California, USA) and CardioPath (University of Naples, Naples, Italy). Aims To assess the accuracy of a virtual stenting tool based on coronary CT angiography (CCTA) and fractional flow reserve (FFR) coronary derived from CCTA (FFRCT Planner) across different levels of image quality. Methods and results Prospective, controlled, multicenter, single-arm study of patients with chronic coronary syndromes and significant lesions based on invasive FFR ≤0.80. All patients underwent clinically indicated CCTA performed with recent generation scanners. CCTA image quality was adjudicated using the four-point Likert scale at per-vessel level by an independent committee blinded to the results of the FFRCT Planner. The FFRCT Planner was applied mirroring the percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) to determine the agreement with invasively measured post-PCI FFR. Overall, 120 patients (123 vessels) were included. Mean age was 64.0±9.2 years, 27% were diabetics. Invasive post-PCI FFR was 0.88±0.06 and Planner FFRCT was 0.86±0.06 (mean difference 0.02 FFR units, LLA −0.12, ULA 0.15). CCTA image quality was assessed as excellent (Likert score 4) in 48.3%, good (Likert score 3) in 45% and sufficient (Likert score 2) in 6.7% of patients. The FFRCT Planner was accurate across the different levels of image quality with a mean difference between FFRCT Planner and invasive post-PCI FFR of 0.02±0.07 in Likert score 4, 0.02±0.07 in Likert score 3 and 0.03±0.08 in Likert score 2, p = 0.695. Conclusion The FFRCT Planner was accurate to predict post-PCI FFR independent of CCTA image quality.
Intrinsic defect formation in amorphousSiO2by electronic excitation: Bond dissociation versus Frenkel mechanisms (2008)

Two competing mechanisms of intrinsic defect formation in amorphous ${\text{SiO}}_{2}$ $(a{\text{-SiO}}_{2})$, i.e., the vacancy-interstitial (Frenkel) mechanism and Si-O bond dissociation to form silicon and oxygen dangling bonds, were compared under $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray electronic excitation. The Frenkel mechanism was found to be dominant. The concentrations of both kinds of defects strongly correlate with the degree of the structural disorder of $a{\text{-SiO}}_{2}$, providing experimental evidence that both types of intrinsic defect pairs are formed mainly from the strained Si-O-Si bonds. The bond dissociation mechanism is more susceptible to the structural disorder than the vacancy-interstitial mechanism.
Towards Automatic Model Specialization for Edge Video Analytics (2021)

Judging by popular and generic computer vision challenges, such as the ImageNet or PASCAL VOC, neural networks have proven to be exceptionally accurate in recognition tasks. However, state-of-the-art accuracy often comes at a high computational price, requiring hardware acceleration to achieve real-time performance, while use cases, such as smart cities, require images from fixed cameras to be analyzed in real-time. Due to the amount of network bandwidth these streams would generate, we cannot rely on offloading compute to a centralized cloud. Thus, a distributed edge cloud is expected to process images locally. However, the edge is, by nature, resource-constrained, which puts a limit on the computational complexity that can execute. Yet, there is a need for a meeting point between the edge and accurate real-time video analytics. Specializing lightweight models on a per-camera basis may help but it quickly becomes unfeasible as the number of cameras grows unless the process is automated. In this paper, we present and evaluate COVA (Contextually Optimized Video Analytics), a framework to assist in the automatic specialization of models for video analytics in edge cameras. COVA automatically improves the accuracy of lightweight models through their specialization. Moreover, we discuss and review each step involved in the process to understand the different trade-offs that each one entails. Additionally, we show how the sole assumption of static cameras allows us to make a series of considerations that greatly simplify the scope of the problem. Finally, experiments show that state-of-the-art models, i.e., able to generalize to unseen environments, can be effectively used as teachers to tailor smaller networks to a specific context, boosting accuracy at a constant computational cost. Results show that our COVA can automatically improve accuracy of pre-trained models by an average of 21%.
Atomic Layer Deposition of Platinum Nanoparticles on Titanium Oxide and Tungsten Oxide Using Platinum(II) Hexafluoroacetylacetonate and Formalin as the Reactants (2014)

Pt nanoparticles were grown on titanium oxide and tungsten oxide at 200 °C by Pt atomic layer deposition (ALD) using platinum(II) hexafluoroacetylacetonate [Pt(hfac)2] and formalin as the reactants. The Pt ALD surface chemistry and Pt nanoparticles were examined using in situ Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) vibrational spectroscopy and ex situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The FTIR spectra identified the surface species after the Pt(hfac)2 and formalin exposures on TiO2. An infrared feature at ∼2100 cm–1 in the FTIR spectrum after Pt(hfac)2 and formalin exposures on TiO2 was consistent with CO on Pt, revealing that Pt(hfac)2 and formalin exposures led to the formation of Pt nanoparticles. The FTIR spectrum of Pt(hfac)2 on TiO2 was very similar to the FTIR spectrum of hexafluoroacetylacetone (hfacH) on TiO2. The FTIR spectra also revealed that hfacH blocked the adsorption of Pt(hfac)2 on TiO2. The coverage of the Pt nanoparticles could be reduced by preadsorbing hfacH on TiO2 prior to Pt(hfac)2 adsorption. Time-dependent FTIR spectra showed that the coverage of hfacH and its adsorption products were reduced versus time following hfacH exposure. Pt ALD on WOx at 200 °C led to the growth of Pt nanoparticles that were fairly similar to the Pt nanoparticles from Pt ALD on TiO2. The TEM images revealed that the size of the Pt nanoparticles on WOx could be adjusted by varying the number of Pt ALD cycles. Because of site-blocking by the hfac ligands, the Pt(hfac)2 and formalin reactants required many more ALD cycles for nucleation and growth compared with other Pt ALD surface chemistries.
[Bullet embolism. Case report and literature review]. (1993)

Migratory intravascular bullets may produce confusing clinical pictures in patients with gunshot wounds. We report on a patient in whom the missile entered the right chest at the fourth intercostal space in the anterior axillary line. The bullet was finally found in the abdominal aorta. The penetration site remained unclear but was probably the heart. After repair of the chest wall the bullet was successfully removed from the aortic bifurcation.
Automatic Fine-Grained Localization of Utility Pole Landmarks on Distributed Acoustic Sensing Traces Based on Bilinear Resnets (2021)

In distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) on aerial fiber-optic cables, utility pole localization is a prerequisite for any subsequent event detection. Currently, localizing the utility poles on DAS traces relies on human experts who manually label the poles’ locations by examining DAS signal patterns generated in response to hammer knocks on the poles. This process is inefficient, error-prone and expensive, thus impractical and non-scalable for industrial applications. In this paper, we propose two machine learning approaches to automate this procedure for large-scale implementation. In particular, we investigate both unsupervised and supervised methods for fine-grained pole localization. Our methods are tested on two real-world datasets from field trials, and demonstrate successful estimation of pole locations at the same level of accuracy as human experts and strong robustness to label noises.
Genotyping and investigating capsular polysaccharide synthesis gene loci of non-serotypeable Streptococcus suis isolated from diseased pigs in Canada (2017)

Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is an important swine pathogen and an emerging zoonotic agent. Most clinical S. suis strains express capsular polysaccharides (CPS), which can be typed by antisera using the coagglutination test. In this study, 79 S. suis strains recovered from diseased pigs in Canada and which could not be typed using antisera were further characterized by capsular gene typing and sequencing. Four patterns of cps locus were observed: (1) fifteen strains were grouped into previously reported serotypes but presented several mutations in their cps loci, when compared to available data from reference strains; (2) seven strains presented a complete deletion of the cps locus, which would result in an inability to synthesize capsule; (3) forty-seven strains were classified in recently described novel cps loci (NCLs); and (4) ten strains carried novel NCLs not previously described. Different virulence gene profiles (based on the presence of mrp, epf, and/or sly) were observed in these non-serotypeable strains. This study provides further insight in understanding the genetic characteristics of cps loci in non-serotypeable S. suis strains recovered from diseased animals. When using a combination of the previously described 35 serotypes and the complete NCL system, the number of untypeable strains recovered from diseased animals in Canada would be significantly reduced.
Detailed Investigation of the Mechanism of Rh-Diphosphite Supported Ionic Liquid Phase (SILP)-Catalyzed 1-Butene Hydroformylation in the Gas Phase via Combined Kinetic and Density Functional Theory (DFT) Modeling Studies (2016)

A detailed kinetic investigation of the gas-phase continuous hydroformylation of 1-butene has been carried out. The supported ionic liquid phase (SILP) catalyst was based on a Rh-diphosphite, the ionic liquid [EMIM][NTf2], and silica support material. Based on the established Wilkinson mechanism, the hyperbolic rate expressions were used to fit the experimental results. While the hydroformylation could be modeled with high accuracy, the hydrogenation and isomerization trends could not be reproduced by the given rate expressions. An alternative reaction mechanism was developed and allowed an excellent fit of experimental data by the new reaction rate expressions. Initial steps of the mechanism were studied using density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
Environment Matting and Compositing (2023)

This paper introduces a new process, environment matting, which captures not just a foreground object and its traditional opacity matte from a real-world scene, but also a description of how that object refracts and reflects light, which we call an environment matte. The foreground object can then be placed in a new environment, using environment compositing, where it will refract and reflect light from that scene. Objects captured in this way exhibit not only specular but glossy and translucent effects, as well as selective attenuation and scattering of light according to wavelength. Moreover, the environment compositing process, which can be performed largely with texture mapping operations, is fast enough to run at interactive speeds on a desktop PC. We compare our results to photos of the same objects in real scenes. Applications of this work include the relighting of objects for virtual and augmented reality, more realistic 3D clip art, and interactive lighting design.
Diarylamino-substituted stilbene derivatives for blue organic light-emitting diodes (2010)

A series of bis(diarylamino)stilbene derivatives with various aromatic system were synthesized via the Buchwald-Hartwig cross-coupling reaction. Multilayer devices with the configuration of ITO / NPB (700 ¿) / ADN: blue dopants 1-5 (300 ¿: 2 %) / Alq <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> (300 ¿) / Liq (10 ¿) / Al were fabricated. Among the molecules, the devices using 4,4'-bis (9,9-diethylfluoren-2-yl-3,5-di-tertbutylphenylamino) stilbene (4) as dopant exhibited blue emission with the luminance of 12590 cd/m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , the luminous efficiency of 9.10 cd/A at 20 mA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , the power efficiency of 3.73 lm/W at 20 mA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , and the CIE coordinates of (0.155, 0.195) at 12.0 V.
Query-by-example Spoken Term Detection For OOV terms (2009)

The goal of spoken term detection (STD) technology is to allow open vocabulary search over large collections of speech content. In this paper, we address cases where search term(s) of interest (queries) are acoustic examples. This is provided either by identifying a region of interest in a speech stream or by speaking the query term. Queries often relate to named-entities and foreign words, which typically have poor coverage in the vocabulary of large vocabulary continuous speech recognition (LVCSR) systems. Throughout this paper, we focus on query-by-example search for such out-of-vocabulary (OOV) query terms. We build upon a finite state transducer (FST) based search and indexing system to address the query by example search for OOV terms by representing both the query and the index as phonetic lattices from the output of an LVCSR system. We provide results comparing different representations and generation mechanisms for both queries and indexes built with word and combined word and subword units. We also present a two-pass method which uses query-by-example search using the best hit identified in an initial pass to augment the STD search results. The results demonstrate that query-by-example search can yield a significantly better performance, measured using actual term-weighted value (ATWV), of 0.479 when compared to a baseline ATWV of 0.325 that uses reference pronunciations for OOVs. Further improvements can be obtained with the proposed two pass approach and filtering using the expected unigram counts from the LVCSR system's lexicon.
Adaptive Fuzzy Evidential Reasoning for Automated Brain Tissue Segmentation (2004)

This paper presents an adaptive fuzzy evidential reasoning approach, for segmenting multi-modality MR brain images. A novel fuzzy evidence structure model is proposed under the assumption that each information source provides two types of evidence: probabilistic evidence and fuzzy evidence. A new information measure, called hybrid entropy, is employed for evaluating the overall uncertainty contained in a fuzzy evidence structure. For adaptive reasoning, two discounting strategies are included. To handle conflict between the probabilistic evidence and the fuzzy evidence, local discounting takes into account Kullback-Leibler distance between the two types of evidence. Global discounting takes into account source quality, in terms of Shannon entropy and hybrid entropy, for dealing with conflict of sources. To demonstrate its effectiveness, the approach is applied to segmenting multi-modality MR brain images. It is concluded that the proposed approach performs better than Kmean clustering, majority voting, fuzzy set operators, and Bayesian approach.
Wave-Coupled W-Band LiNbO_3 Mach-Zehnder Modulator (1992)

Summary form only given. Mach-Zehnder amplitude modulators have been designed for W-band operation (94 GHz), at a 1.3-μm optical wavelength. These modulators use bow-tie antennas, which are relatively insensitive to DC bias connections made to the ends of the antenna elements. The bow-ties should also give a greater bandwidth than the dipole antennas.
Figure S2 from Genetic Alterations in the PI3K/AKT Pathway and Baseline AKT Activity Define AKT Inhibitor Sensitivity in Breast Cancer Patient-derived Xenografts (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PIK3R1 mutation in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) PDX and activation of AKT/mTORC1-pathway in two AKT1 p.E17K-mutant PDXs determine sensitivity to AZD5363&lt;/p&gt;