gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ghrelin-induced Food Intake, but not GH Secretion, Requires the Expression of the GH Receptor in the Brain of Male Mice (2021)

Ghrelin stimulates both GH secretion and food intake. The orexigenic action of ghrelin is mainly mediated by neurons that coexpress agouti-related protein (AgRP) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARH). GH also stimulates food intake and, importantly, ARHAgRP/NPY neurons express GH receptor (GHR). Thus, ghrelin-induced GH secretion may contribute to the orexigenic effect of ghrelin. Here, we investigated the response to ghrelin in male mice carrying GHR ablation specifically in neurons (brain GHR knockout [KO] mice) or exclusively in ARHAgRP/NPY neurons (AgRP GHR KO mice). Although brain GHR KO mice showed normal ghrelin-induced increase in plasma GH levels, these mutants lacked the expected orexigenic response to ghrelin. Additionally, brain GHR KO mice displayed reduced hypothalamic levels of Npy and Ghsr mRNA and did not elicit ghrelin-induced c-Fos expression in the ARH. Furthermore, brain GHR KO mice exhibited a prominent reduction in AgRP fiber density in the ARH and paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH). In contrast, AgRP GHR KO mice showed no changes in the hypothalamic Npy and Ghsr mRNAs and conserved ghrelin-induced food intake and c-Fos expression in the ARH. AgRP GHR KO mice displayed a reduced AgRP fiber density (~16%) in the PVH, but this reduction was less than that observed in brain GHR KO mice (~61%). Our findings indicate that GHR signaling in the brain is required for the orexigenic effect of ghrelin, independently of GH action on ARHAgRP/NPY neurons.
Rodent Ischemia Models of Embolism and Ligation of the Middle Cerebral Artery (2000)

This chapter focuses on two models of cerebral ischemia: embolism and ligation of the middle cerebral artery (MCA). Advantages and disadvantages of MCA embolism and ligation are discussed in relation to establishing an appropriate model of stroke. In addition, the clinical relevance of each technique to the development of experimental treatment strategies is outlined, highlighting recent novel therapeutic modalities, including neural transplantation and intracerebral infusion of neurotrophic factors. Prior to discussing these two treatment strategies, an overview of the current status of pharmacologic intervention for stroke is provided, and we present critical problems (i.e., therapeutic window) inherent in drug therapy that limit its efficacy in the clinic. It is believed that the experimental evidence presented here will encourage further utilization of embolism and ligation models of cerebral ischemia in rodents as suitable animal models of stroke, and more importantly, should caution researchers and clinicians alike about critical scientific issues (i.e., early stage development of treatment strategies for stroke) that warrant validation in the laboratory setting prior to proceeding with clinical interventions.
Effect of Pulsed Current on Charging Performance of Lithium-Ion Batteries (2021)

The pulsed current has been proposed as a promising battery charging technique to improve the charging performance and maximize the lifetime for lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries. However, the effect of the pulsed current charging is inconclusive due to the changeable current mode and conditions. This article systematically investigates the effect of various pulsed current charging modes, i.e., positive pulsed current mode, pulsed current-constant current mode, negative pulsed current mode, alternating pulsed current mode, sinusoidal-ripple current mode, and alternating sinusoidal-ripple current mode on battery performance. Moreover, a comprehensive analysis of the frequency impact on the quality of the current mode is performed. The current modes in this work are evaluated considering the maximum rising temperature, discharging capacity, and charging speed according to experimental results. Furthermore, this work provides guidance for developing pulsed current charging strategies to satisfy future charging requirements.
Synthese und Charakterisierung von Bischlorinen – McMurry‐Reaktion von Formylchlorinen (1996)

Die ersten Ethylen‐verbrückten Bischlorine (z.B. 1) wurden durch Kupplung von Ni II ‐ oder Zn II ‐Formylchlorinen mit niedervalentem Titan erhalten. Mit O 2 in Toluol/Essigsäure unter Rückfluß werden sie partiell zu trans ‐Chlorin‐Porphyrin‐ Verbindungen oder vollständig unter Isomerisierung zum entsprechenden cis ‐konfigurierten Bischlorin oxidiert. magnified image
Undersampling Errors in Region-of-Interest Tomography (1982)

A detailed error analysis for the dual-sampling region-ofinterest X-ray tomography is presented. Simulation studies are used along with a range of sampling rates to quantitate the amount of sampling errors within the region of interest. It is shown that as the rate of sampling outside the region of interest becomes sparse the amount of sampling errors within the region of interest increases considerably.
A Poly (Caprolactone)-Cellulose Nanocomposite Hydrogel for Transdermal Delivery of Hydrocortisone in Treating Psoriasis Vulgaris (2022)

Psoriasis vulgaris (PV) is a common chronic disease, affecting much of the population. Hydrocortisone (HCT) is currently utilized as a PV treatment; however, it is associated with undesirable side effects. The aim of this research was to create a thermo-responsive nano-hydrogel delivery system. HCT-loaded sorbitan monostearate (SMS)-polycaprolactone (PCL) nanoparticles, encapsulated with thermo-responsive hydrogel carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), were synthesized by applying the interfacial polymer-deposition method following solvent displacement. The nanoparticles' properties were evaluated employing Differential Scanning Colorimetry, Thermogravimetric Analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Zeta sizer, Ultraviolet/Visual spectroscopy, and cytotoxicity testing. The nanoparticle sizes were 110.5 nm, with polydispersity index of 0.15 and zeta potential of -58.7 mV. A drug-entrapment efficacy of 76% was attained by the HCT-loaded SMS-PCL nanoparticles and in vitro drug-release profiles showed continuous drug release over a period of 24 hrs. Keratinocyte skin cells were treated with HCT-loaded SMS-PCL nanoparticles encapsulated with CMC; the results indicated that the synthesized drug-delivery system was less toxic to the keratinocyte cells compared to HCT. The combined trials and results from the formulation of HCT-loaded SMS-PCL nanoparticles encapsulated with CMC showed evidence that this hydrogel can be utilized as a potentially invaluable formulation for transdermal drug delivery of HCT, with improved efficacy and patient conformity.
A hybrid approach to supervising multiple co-operant autonomous mobile robots (2002)

UK Robotics Ltd. have for some time been working in the area of multiple co-operant autonomous mobile robots. While there are a number of applications in the nuclear, chemical and off-shore industries that would benefit from such technology, the required science and engineering is only just beginning to be realised. The key issues are firstly, how to control the interaction of these robots with themselves and their environment? and secondly, how to interact with this group of robots from the point of view of an operator? What has emerged is a novel hybrid architecture that contains a reflective planning agent which is capable of translating high level operator goals into low level behaviour missions that can be executed by multiple autonomous robots. Two real robots have been used as part of our studies and this paper details our hybrid approach and the results obtained so far.
Optimal path selection for Ethernet over SONET under inaccurate link-state information (2005)

Ethernet over SONET (EoS) is a popular approach for interconnecting geographically distant Ethernet segments using a SONET transport infrastructure. It typically uses virtual concatenation (VC) for dynamic bandwidth management. The aggregate SONET bandwidth that supports a given EoS system is obtained by "concatenating" a number of virtual channels (VCs), which together form a virtually concatenated group (VCG). This aggregate bandwidth can be increased on demand by adding one or more VCs to the existing VCG. The new VC must be selected such that its end-to-end delay is within a certain range that reflects the delays of all existing VCs in the VCG and the available memory buffer of the EoS system. Algorithmically, the problem of selecting such a VC becomes that of finding a path in a graph network that is bounded by an upper and lower bounds. In this paper, we first prove that the TSCP problem is NP-complete. We then propose a new solution for it based on the "backward-forward" search approach. We show that this solution is much more efficient than the previously proposed MLW-KSP algorithm. We then consider the TSCP problem under inaccurate link information, in which the delay and available bandwidth for each link are taken as random variables. The problem is now formulated as that of finding the most probable path that satisfies the upper and lower delay constraints. We consider two cases. In the first case, we assume that the link delays are random but the link bandwidths are exact. We then consider the more general case where both the link delays and bandwidths are random. Heuristic solutions are presented for both cases. Simulations are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithms and to demonstrate the advantages of the probabilistic path selection approach over the classic trigger-based approach.
A multi-layered OFDM system with parallel transmission for multicell cooperative cellular networks (2012)

Abstract Recent development in multicell cooperation poses significant technical challenges to the design of robust and flexible transmission techniques. A new multi-layered orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (ML-OFDM) system is proposed in this article to provide a dynamic platform for multicell cooperation with efficient base station coordination capability. The proposed enhanced layers (ELs), which are overlaid with the cellular communication data (the base layer ) in both frequency and time domains, can be used for several specific purposes indispensable to multicell cooperation. It provides an efficient way of sharing the necessary information, e.g., channel state information, user data and other transmission parameters, between the collaborative BSs without the requirement of additional signaling or control channels. Overall network efficiency is substantially enhanced due to the reduction of radio resource overhead. Furthermore, cross BS synchronization and multimedia broadcast multicast service for next generation cellular networks can be simultaneously achieved by the proposed parallel orthogonal ELs. The transceiver design for the ML-OFDM system, particularly the modulation/demodulation of the ELs and EL-induced interference cancelation is presented. Overall system performance is further optimized by proposing a power distribution scheme with a set of practical constraints. The performance of the ML-OFDM system is analyzed and verified through numerical simulations.
A Hypomorphic Lsd1 Allele Results in Heart Development Defects in Mice (2013)

Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (Lsd1/Aof2/Kdm1a), the first enzyme with specific lysine demethylase activity to be described, demethylates histone and non-histone proteins and is essential for mouse embryogenesis. Lsd1 interacts with numerous proteins through several different domains, most notably the tower domain, an extended helical structure that protrudes from the core of the protein. While there is evidence that Lsd1-interacting proteins regulate the activity and specificity of Lsd1, the significance and roles of such interactions in developmental processes remain largely unknown. Here we describe a hypomorphic Lsd1 allele that contains two point mutations in the tower domain, resulting in a protein with reduced interaction with known binding partners and decreased enzymatic activity. Mice homozygous for this allele die perinatally due to heart defects, with the majority of animals suffering from ventricular septal defects. Molecular analyses revealed hyperphosphorylation of E-cadherin in the hearts of mutant animals. These results identify a previously unknown role for Lsd1 in heart development, perhaps partly through the control of E-cadherin phosphorylation.
Modeling the possible conformations of the extracellular loops in G‐protein‐coupled receptors (2009)

This study presents the results of a de novo approach modeling possible conformational dynamics of the extracellular (EC) loops in G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), specifically in bovine rhodopsin (bRh), squid rhodopsin (sRh), human beta-2 adrenergic receptor (beta2AR), turkey beta-1 adrenergic receptor (beta1AR), and human A2 adenosine receptor (A2AR). The approach deliberately sacrificed a detailed description of any particular 3D structure of the loops in GPCRs in favor of a less precise description of many possible structures. Despite this, the approach found ensembles of the low-energy conformers of the EC loops that contained structures close to the available X-ray snapshots. For the smaller EC1 and EC3 loops (6-11 residues), our results were comparable with the best recent results obtained by other authors using much more sophisticated techniques. For the larger EC2 loops (25-34 residues), our results consistently yielded structures significantly closer to the X-ray snapshots than the results of the other authors for loops of similar size. The results suggested possible large-scale movements of the EC loops in GPCRs that might determine their conformational dynamics. The approach was also validated by accurately reproducing the docking poses for low-molecular-weight ligands in beta2AR, beta1AR, and A2AR, demonstrating the possible influence of the conformations of the EC loops on the binding sites of ligands. The approach correctly predicted the system of disulfide bridges between the EC loops in A2AR and elucidated the probable pathways for forming this system.
Development of Neurologic Symptoms in a Patient With Asymptomatic Wilson's Disease Treated With Penicillamine (1994)

We conclude that penicillamine used as initial therapy, even in patients with neurologically asymptomatic Wilson's disease, increases the risk of inducing permanent neurologic damage.
Modeling of a compact, portable transmission line for pulsed-power applications (2004)

In this paper, we present a computational approach to the research of designing high-power microwave systems as compact and portable units. We discuss the motivation to run a comprehensive computational study as an alternative to the, more common, experimental set-ups. We further elaborate on the differences between a physical set-up of the experiment vs. a computational model. The differences between the ideal theoretical settings and the current computer model are contrasted as well as the current challenges encompassing the computational modeling.
Intestinal stem cells and the colorectal cancer microenvironment (2014)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a highly fatal condition in part due to its resilience to treatment and its propensity to spread beyond the site of primary occurrence. One possible avenue for cancer to escape eradication is via stem-like cancer cells that, through phenotypic heterogeneity, are more resilient than other tumor constituents and are key contributors to cancer growth and metastasis. These proliferative tumor cells are theorized to possess many properties akin to normal intestinal stem cells. Not only do these CRC "stem" cells demonstrate similar restorative ability, they also share many cell pathways and surface markers in common, as well as respond to the same key niche stimuli. With the improvement of techniques for epithelial stem cell identification, our understanding of CRC behavior is also evolving. Emerging evidence about cellular plasticity and epithelial mesenchymal transition are shedding light onto metastatic CRC processes and are also challenging fundamental concepts about unidirectional epithelial proliferation. This review aims to reappraise evidence supporting the existence and behavior of CRC stem cells, their relationship to normal stem cells, and their possible dependence on the stem cell niche.
Capturing Pressure Oscillations in Numerical Simulations of Internal Combustion Engines (2018)

In an earlier publication (Jupudi et al., 2016, “Application of High Performance Computing for Simulating Cycle-to-Cycle Variation in Dual-Fuel Combustion Engines,” SAE Paper No. 2016-01-0798), the authors compared numerical predictions of the mean cylinder pressure of diesel and dual-fuel combustion, to that of measured pressure data from a medium-speed, large-bore engine. In these earlier comparisons, measured data from a flush-mounted in-cylinder pressure transducer showed notable and repeatable pressure oscillations which were not evident in the mean cylinder pressure predictions from computational fluid dynamics (CFD). In this paper, the authors present a methodology for predicting and reporting the local cylinder pressure consistent with that of a measurement location. Such predictions for large-bore, medium-speed engine operation demonstrate pressure oscillations in accordance with those measured. The temporal occurrences of notable pressure oscillations were during the start of combustion and around the time of maximum cylinder pressure. With appropriate resolutions in time steps and mesh sizes, the local cell static pressure predicted for the transducer location showed oscillations in both diesel and dual-fuel combustion modes which agreed with those observed in the experimental data. Fast Fourier transform (FFT) analysis on both experimental and calculated pressure traces revealed that the CFD predictions successfully captured both the amplitude and frequency range of the oscillations. Resolving propagating pressure waves with the smaller time steps and grid sizes necessary to achieve these results required a significant increase in computer resources.
Beyond Differential Privacy: Synthetic Micro-Data Generation with Deep Generative Neural Networks (2020)

Recent advances in generative modeling, based on large scale deep neural networks, provide a novel approach for sharing individual-level datasets (micro-data) without privacy concerns. Unlike differential privacy, which enforces a specific query mechanism on data to ensure privacy, generative models can accurately learn the statistical patterns of such micro-data and then be used to generate “synthetic data” that accurately reflects these statistical patterns, yet contain none of the original data itself, and thus can be safely shared for analysis and modeling without compromising privacy. The successful application of these techniques to various industries including healthcare, finance, and autonomous vehicles is promising and results in continued investment in research and development of generative models in both academia and industry.
Ultralow Noise, Etalon Stabilized, 10 GHz Optical Frequency Comb Based on a Slab-Coupled Waveguide Amplifier (2011)

A 10 GHz mode-locked laser based on a Slab-Coupled Optical Waveguide Amplifier with an intra-cavity etalon is presented. The timing jitter is ~2.3 fs (10 Hz to 100 MHz), the lowest reported to our knowledge.
π‐π Interactions, Architecture, and Bandwidths in “Molecular Metals”. A Synthetic and Electronic Structure Study of Monomeric and Cofacially Joined Dimeric Germanium Phthalocyanines (1986)

Abstract Small molecule spectroscopy on M(Pc)(OR) 2 and ROM(Pc)OM(Pc)OR molecular fragments (M = Si, Ge; Pc = phthalocyaninato) of the conductive polymer [M(Pc p+ )O] n provides a unique probe of the band structure‐forming π‐π interactions. We describe here the synthesis and characterization of the M = Ge monomer and dimer where R = ( t ‐Bu)Me 2 Si‐. The lowest energy He I photoelectron spectroscopic feature of the dimer is a doublet with a splitting of 0.19(3) eV. This splitting can be associated with the cofacial HOMO‐HOMO Pc‐Pc interaction and translates into a tight‐binding bandwidth in the polymer of 0.38(6) eV. This result is in good agreement with an experimental bandwidth of 0.48(5) eV obtained from a Drude analysis of the {[Ge(Pc)0]I 1.1 } n reflectance spectrum and a bandwidth of 0.50 eV derived from theoretical calculations.
Comparison of Oncological Results, Functional Outcomes, and Complications for Transperitoneal Versus Extraperitoneal Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy: A Single Surgeon's Experience (2010)

The EP approach has similar oncological and perioperative results, less postoperative pain, less bowel-associated complication, and better functional outcomes than those of the TP approach. The EP approach may be an important alternative in robotic radical prostatectomy.
Pulmonary/renal interaction (2009)

Fluid management optimization and prevention of inflammation and lung stretching are currently recommended for the treatment of acute lung and renal injury. Extracorporeal CO2 removal and renal replacement associated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation might be interesting options for a future approach to pulmonary/renal syndrome.
Supplementary Table 4 from Genome-Wide CpG Island Profiling of Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms of the Pancreas (2023)

&lt;p&gt;XLS file - 232K&lt;/p&gt;
Impact of photoacid generator leaching on optics photocontamination in 193-nm immersion lithography (2007)

Leaching of resist components into water has been reported in several studies. Even low dissolution levels of photoacid generator (PAG) may lead to photocontamination of the last optical surface of the projection lens. To determine the impact of this phenomenon on optics lifetime, we initiate a set of controlled studies, where predetermined amounts of PAG are introduced into pure water and the results monitored quantitatively. The study identifies the complex, nonlinear paths leading to photocontamination of the optics. We also discover that spatial contamination patterns of the optics are strongly dependent on the flow geometry. Both bare SiO2 surfaces as well as coated CaF2 optics are studied. We find that for all surfaces, at concentrations typical of leached PAG, below 500 ppb, the in situ self-cleaning processes prevent contamination of the optics.
DDX5 mRNA-targeting antisense oligonucleotide as a new promising therapeutic in combating castration-resistant prostate cancer (2022)

The heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27) has emerged as a principal factor of the castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) progression. Also, an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) against Hsp27 (OGX-427 or apatorsen) has been assessed in different clinical trials. Here, we illustrate that Hsp27 highly regulates the expression of the human DEAD-box protein 5 (DDX5), and we define DDX5 as a novel therapeutic target for CRPC treatment. DDX5 overexpression is strongly correlated with aggressive tumor features, notably with CRPC. DDX5 downregulation using a specific ASO-based inhibitor that acts on DDX5 mRNAs inhibits cell proliferation in preclinical models, and it particularly restores the treatment sensitivity of CRPC. Interestingly, through the identification and analysis of DDX5 protein interaction networks, we have identified some specific functions of DDX5 in CRPC that could contribute actively to tumor progression and therapeutic resistance. We first present the interactions of DDX5 and the Ku70/80 heterodimer and the transcription factor IIH, thereby uncovering DDX5 roles in different DNA repair pathways. Collectively, our study highlights critical functions of DDX5 contributing to CRPC progression and provides preclinical proof of concept that a combination of ASO-directed DDX5 inhibition with a DNA damage-inducing therapy can serve as a highly potential novel strategy to treat CRPC.