gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
N-Acyl-beta-D-glycopyranosylamines and 2-alkylamido-2- deoxy-alpha / beta-D-glucopyranoses: relationship between molecular structure and mesomorphism (1997)

A variety of N -acyl- beta -D-glucopyranosylamines, N -acyl- beta -D-mannopyranosylamines and 2-alkylamido-2-deoxy- alpha / beta -D-glucoses has been prepared regiospecifically and in good yield in a one step reaction of the appropriate acid chloride with D-mannosylamine, 2-amino-2-deoxyD-glucopyranose (prepared in one step from glucose and mannose according to literature methods) and D-glucosamine liberated in situ from the commercially available hydrochloride. The dependence of the liquid crystal transition temperatures and mesophase formation on the degree and nature of intermolecular hydrogen bonding has been studied by choosing two different carbohydrate cores and by attaching aliphatic terminal chains via an amide linkage in two different positions. Comparison is made with related compounds reported in the literature. Whereas the N -acyl- beta -D-mannopyranosylamines and N -acyl- beta-D-glucopyranosylamines possess wide-range smectic A* phases, the corresponding 2-alkylamido-2-deoxy- beta-Dglucopyranoses do not exhibit observable mesomorphism. Although some homologues of the compounds synthesized have already been reported in the literature, their liquid crystalline behaviour was not reported. These investigations confirm the general view that it is the number and type of hydrogen bonding groups on the carbohydrate moiety and the aliphatic chain length that primarily determine thermotropic mesophase behaviour, as well as the absolute values of the transition temperatures.
Superresolution and Segmentation of OCT scans using Multi-Stage adversarial Guided Attention Training (2022)

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is one of the non-invasive and easy-to-acquire biomarkers (the thickness of the retinal layers, which is detectable within OCT scans) being investigated to diagnose Alzheimer's disease (AD). This work aims to segment the OCT images automatically; however, it is a challenging task due to various issues such as the speckle noise, small target region, and unfavorable imaging conditions. In our previous work, we have proposed the multi-stage &amp; multi-discriminatory generative adversarial network (MultiSDGAN) to translate OCT scans in high-resolution segmentation labels. In this investigation, we aim to evaluate and compare various combinations of channel and spatial attention to the MultiSDGAN architecture to extract more powerful feature maps by capturing rich contextual relationships to improve segmentation performance. Moreover, we developed and evaluated a guided mutli-stage attention framework where we incorporated a guided attention mechanism by forcing an L-1 loss between a specifically designed binary mask and the generated attention maps. Our ablation study results on the WVU-OCT data-set in five-fold cross-validation (5-CV) suggest that the proposed MultiSDGAN with a serial attention module provides the most competitive performance, and guiding the spatial attention feature maps by binary masks further improves the performance in our proposed network. Comparing the baseline model with adding the guided-attention, our results demonstrated relative improvements of 21.44% and 19.45% on the Dice coefficient and SSIM, respectively.
A murine cell culture model for post‐trabeculectomy anfibrotic treatment: Induction of apoptosis by Cyclosporin (2001)

A rapid and efficient model system is described for the assessment of cell viability and proliferation after treatment with agents of potential pharmacological use. Cyclosporin A induces a significant apoptosis. This is important for the negative control of fibrotic degeneration in post-trabeculectomy that is required for successful surgery in glaucoma patients. Therefore, Cyclosporin A might become a clinically interesting drug for the antifibrotic treatment of post-trabeculectomy.
Supplementary Figure S3 from Shifting the Balance of Activating and Inhibitory Natural Killer Receptor Ligands on <i>BRAF</i><sup>V600E</sup> Melanoma Lines with Vemurafenib (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Effect of Vemurafenib treatment on melanoma cell lysis.&lt;/p&gt;
RNA-binding protein FXR1 drives cMYC translation by mRNA circularization through eIF4F recruitment in ovarian cancer (2020)

Abstract Background The RNA-binding protein FXR1 (fragile X-related protein 1) has been implicated as an important regulator of post-transcriptional changes of mRNAs. However, its role in mRNA circularization and recruitment of eukaryotic translation initiation factors for protein translation remains obscure. Here, we aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms and potential clinical applications of FXR1 in ovarian cancer growth and progression. Methods FXR1 copy number variation, mRNA expression, protein levels, and their association with prognosis were determined in clinical datasets. An orthotopic ovarian cancer model and bioluminescence imaging were used for preclinical evaluation of FXR1 in vivo . Reverse phase protein arrays (RPPA) and qPCR arrays were performed to identify FXR1’s key targets and downstream effects. SUnSET and polysome profiling were used to determine the translational effects of FXR1. Immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence were performed to identify the interaction between FXR1 and cMYC mRNA and eIF4F complex. RNA-immunoprecipitation (RIP), RNA electrophoretic mobility shift assays (REMSA), proximity ligation assays (PLA), and biochemical assays were used to identify the specific site on cMYC mRNA to which FXR1 binds to promote mRNA circularization and translation. Results We found that amplification and copy-gain of FXR1 increased the expression of FXR1 mRNA and FXR1 protein in ovarian cancer patients, and these events associated with poor prognosis. We demonstrated that FXR1 binds to AU-rich elements (ARE) within the 3’ untranslated region (3’UTR) of cMYC. As a consequence, FXR1 binding to cMYC 3’UTR leads to the circularization of mRNA and facilitated the recruitment of eukaryotic translation initiation factors (eIFs) to translation start site for improving protein synthesis. Conclusion We found that FXR1 upregulates a known oncogene, cMYC, by binding to AU-rich elements within the 3’UTR, leading to the recruitment of the eIF4F complex for cMYC translation. Our findings uncover a novel mechanism of action of FXR1 in tumorigenesis and provides opportunities to use FXR1 and its downstream effectors as biomarkers or therapeutic targets in ovarian and other cancers.
Supplemental Figure 3 from ADCT-301, a Pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) Dimer–Containing Antibody–Drug Conjugate (ADC) Targeting CD25-Expressing Hematological Malignancies (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Comet assay on CD25-negative Daudi cells after ADCT-301 and SG3199 treatment&lt;/p&gt;
<title>High-order PMD emulator</title> (2001)

A system for generating polarization mode dispersion has been developed to reproduce in the laboratory, a close approximation to the polarization mode dispersion (PMD) of fiber links. A multi-stage system of rotating wave plates and combinations of birefringent elements generates a mixture of first order, second order and higher order PMD suitable for testing OC-192 and OC-768 hardware. The PMD Emulator can be operated in either static or time-varying modes. In the static mode first order PMD is generated with the Differential Group Delay continuously adjustable from 0 to 160 ps. In the dynamic mode time-varying PMD containing first and higher orders is generated with an approximately Maxwellian DGD distribution. The PMD emulator generates PMD variations at adjustable frequencies up to 400 Hz.
Production of battery grade materials via an oxalate method (2023)

An active electrode material for electrochemical devices such as lithium ion batteries includes a lithium transition metal oxide which is free of sodium and sulfur contaminants. The lithium transition metal oxide is prepared by calcining a mixture of a lithium precursor and a transition metal oxalate. Electrochemical devices use such active electrodes.
Octave-Spanning Mid-Infrared Intrapulse Difference Frequency Generation With A Few-Cycle Cr:ZnS Laser (2019)

We generate longwave mid-IR transients between 4 and 18 µm via optical rectification of 5.9-W 78-MHz 20-fs laser pulses centered at 2.5 µm. We achieve 0.15 W (0.014 W) average power in ZGP (GaSe) crystals.
Integral equation technique for scatterers with mesoscopic insertions: Application to a carbon nanotube (2017)

We present the electromagnetic scattering theory for a finite-length nanowire with an embedded mesoscopic object. The theory is based on a synthesis of the integral equation technique of classical electrodynamics and the quantum transport formalism. We formulate Hall\'en-type integral equations, where the canonical integral operators from wire antenna theory are combined with special terms responsible for the mesoscopic structure. The theory is applied to calculate the polarizability of a finite-length single-walled carbon nanotube (CNT) with a short low-conductive section (LCS) in the microwave and subterahertz ranges. The LCS is modeled as a multichannel two-electrode mesoscopic system. The effective resistive sheet impedance boundary conditions for the scattered field are applied on the CNT surface. It is shown that the imaginary part of the polarizability spectrum has three peaks. Two of them are in the terahertz range, while the third is in the gigahertz range. The polarizability spectrum of the CNT with many LCSs has only one gigahertz peak, which shifts to low frequencies as the number of LCSs increases. The physical nature of these peaks is explained, and potential applications of nanoantennas are proposed.
Stochastic Optimization Techniques for Economic Dispatch with Combined Cycle Units (2006)

Electricity industries worldwide are undergoing a period of profound upheaval. Conventional vertically integrated mechanism is replaced by a competitive market environment. Generation companies have incentives to produce more electricity at lower cost by applying novel technology: combined cycle, integrated gasification combined cycle, fuel switching/blending, and dual boiler etc. Economic dispatch becomes a non-convex optimization problem, which is difficult, even impossible to solve by conventional methods. Genetic algorithm, evolutionary programming, and particle swarm share a common mechanism, stochastic searching per generation. The stochastic property makes evolutionary algorithms robust and adaptive enough to solve non-convex optimization problem. This paper implements GA, EP, PS algorithms for economic dispatch including combined cycle units, and makes a comparison with classical mixed integer linear programming. The trajectory and searching path of each stochastic optimization technique are shown and compared. The numerical results show that the stochastic optimization techniques are capable of providing approximate global optimal solution for non-convex optimization problem
Deep Blue Phosphorescent OLEDs with Improved Device Stability (2007)

Cyclometallated iridium N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-complexes have become known as efficient deep blue triplet emitters in OLEDs. Herein we discuss new materials and device setups for carbene-based deep blue OLEDs with improved stability and lifetime.
Unveiling the Efficacy of Sesquiterpenes from Marine Sponge Dactylospongia elegans in Inhibiting Dihydrofolate Reductase Using Docking and Molecular Dynamic Studies (2023)

Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) is a crucial enzyme that maintains the levels of 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate (THF) required for the biological synthesis of the building blocks of DNA, RNA, and proteins. Over-activation of DHFR results in the progression of multiple pathological conditions such as cancer, bacterial infection, and inflammation. Therefore, DHFR inhibition plays a major role in treating these illnesses. Sesquiterpenes of various types are prime metabolites derived from the marine sponge <i>Dactylospongia elegans</i> and have demonstrated antitumor, anti-inflammation, and antibacterial capacities. Here, we investigated the in silico potential inhibitory effects of 87 <i>D. elegans</i> metabolites on DHFR and predicted their ADMET properties. Compounds were prepared computationally for molecular docking into the selected crystal structure of DHFR (PDB: 1KMV). The docking scores of metabolites <b>34</b>, <b>28</b>, and <b>44</b> were the highest among this series (gscore values of -12.431, -11.502, and -10.62 kcal/mol, respectively), even above the co-crystallized inhibitor SRI-9662 score (-10.432 kcal/mol). The binding affinity and protein stability of these top three scored compounds were further estimated using molecular dynamic simulation. Compounds <b>34</b>, <b>28</b>, and <b>44</b> revealed high binding affinity to the enzyme and could be possible leads for DHFR inhibitors; however, further in vitro and in vivo investigations are required to validate their potential.
Affinity enrichment for mass spectrometry: improving the yield of low abundance biomarkers (2018)

Mass spectrometry (MS) is the premier tool for discovering novel disease-associated protein biomarkers. Unfortunately, when applied to complex body fluid samples, MS has poor sensitivity for the detection of low abundance biomarkers (≪10 ng/mL), derived directly from the diseased tissue cells or pathogens. Areas covered: Herein we discuss the strengths and drawbacks of technologies used to concentrate low abundance analytes in body fluids, with the aim to improve the effective sensitivity for MS discovery. Solvent removal by dry-down or dialysis, and immune-depletion of high abundance serum or plasma proteins, is shown to have disadvantages compared to positive selection of the candidate biomarkers by affinity enrichment. A theoretical analysis of affinity enrichment reveals that the yield for low abundance biomarkers is a direct function of the binding affinity (Association/Dissociation rates) used for biomarker capture. In addition, a high affinity capture pre processing step can effectively dissociate the candidate biomarker from partitioning with high abundance proteins such as albumin. Expert commentary: Properly designed high affinity capture materials can enrich the yield of low abundance (0.1-10 picograms/mL) candidate biomarkers for MS detection. Affinity capture and concentration, as an upfront step in sample preparation for MS, combined with MS advances in software and hardware that improve the resolution of the chromatographic separation can yield a transformative new class of low abundance biomarkers predicting disease risk or disease latency.
Emissive Substoichiometric Covalent Organic Frameworks for Water Sensing and Harvesting (2022)

Emissive covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have recently emerged as next-generation porous materials with attractive properties such as tunable topology, porosity, and inherent photoluminescence. Among the different types of COFs, substoichiometric frameworks (so-called Type III COFs) are especially attractive due to the possibility of not only generating unusual topology and complex pore architectures but also facilitating the introduction of well-defined functional groups at precise locations for desired functions. Herein, the first example of a highly emissive (PLQY 6.8%) substoichiometric 2D-COF (COF-SMU-1) featuring free uncondensed aldehyde groups is reported. In particular, COF-SMU-1 features a dual-pore architecture with an overall bex net topology, tunable emission in various organic solvents, and distinct colorimetric changes in the presence of water. To gain further insights into its photoluminescence properties, the charge transfer, excimer emission, and excited state exciton dynamics of COF-SMU-1 are investigated using femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy in different organic solvents. Additionally, highly enhanced atmospheric water-harvesting properties of COF-SMU-1 are revealed using FT-IR and water sorption studies.The findings will not only lead to in-depth understanding of structure-property relationships in emissive COFs but also open new opportunities for designing COFs for potential applications in solid-state lighting and water harvesting.
Fluorescence of Graded-Band-GapCdSxSe1−xCrystals Produced by Diffusion (1972)

The fluorescence of $\mathrm{Cd}{\mathrm{S}}_{x}{\mathrm{Se}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}$ mixed crystals with band-gap gradients as large as 1200 eV/cm has been investigated at 77\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The graded samples were produced by heating CdSe or $\mathrm{Cd}{\mathrm{S}}_{x}{\mathrm{Se}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}$ platelets in a sulfur-selenium atmosphere. Some of the diffused crystals were post-treated in a cadmium atmosphere. Removal of surface material shifted the fluorescence spectra of the diffused crystals to longer wavelengths. The spectral position of fluorescence peaks was determined as a function of the thickness of the removed surface layer. Composition profiles were deduced from these data by correlating fluorescence wavelength with crystal composition. Error-function curves gave a good fit to experimentally determined profiles. Diffusion constants of 7.0 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}13}$ and 1.6 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}12}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$/sec were determined for diffusion temperatures of 600 and 650\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C, respectively.
Characterization of nontypeable Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae isolates (2020)

Two <i>Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae</i> isolates from clinical cases of porcine pleuropneumonia in Japan were positive in the capsular serovar 15-specific PCR assay, but nontypeable (NT) in the agar gel precipitation (AGP) test. Nucleotide sequence analysis of gene clusters involved in the biosynthesis of capsular polysaccharide (CPS) and lipopolysaccharide O-polysaccharide (O-PS) revealed that both clusters contained transposable element IS<i>Apl1</i> of <i>A. pleuropneumoniae</i> belonging to the IS30 family. Immunoblot analysis revealed that these 2 isolates could not produce O-PS. We conclude that the IS<i>Apl1</i> of <i>A. pleuropneumoniae</i> can interfere in the biosynthesis of both CPS and O-PS.
Highly Selective Coupling of Alkenes and Aldehydes Catalyzed by [Ni(NHC){P(OPh)3}]: Synergy between a Strong σ Donor and a Strong π Acceptor (2006)

Ein Geben und Nehmen: Der starke Elektronendonor 1 und der starke Elektronenacceptor P(OPh)3 sind für die hochselektive nickelkatalysierte Kupplung von Alkenen, Aldehyden und Silyltriflaten erforderlich (siehe Schema; cod=Cycloocta-1,5-dien, Tf=Trifluormethansulfonyl). Dieser Synergieeffekt könnte auch für andere durch NHC-Metall-Komplexe katalysierte Umsetzungen nützlich sein (NHC=N-heterocyclisches Carben). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2007/z603907_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Continuous Catalytic Hydrodeoxygenation of Guaiacol over Pt/SiO2 and Pt/H-MFI-90 (2015)

Hydrodeoxygenation of guaiacol in the presence of 1-octanol was studied in a fixed-bed reactor under mild conditions (50–250 °C) over platinum particles supported on silica (Pt/SiO2) and a zeolite with framework type MFI at a Si/Al-ratio of 45 (Pt/H-MFI-90). The deoxygenation selectivity strongly depended on the support and the temperature. Both guaiacol and octanol were rapidly deoxygenated in the presence of hydrogen over Pt/H-MFI-90 at 250 °C to cyclohexane and octane, respectively. In contrast, Pt/SiO2 mostly showed hydrogenation, but hardly any deoxygenation activity. The acidic sites of the MFI-90 support lead to improved deoxygenation performance at the mild temperature conditions of this study. Significant conversions under reaction conditions applied already occurred at temperatures of 200 °C. However, during long-term stability tests, the Pt/H-MFI-90 catalyst deactivated after more than 30 h, probably due to carbon deposition, whereas Pt/SiO2 was more stable. The catalytic activity of the zeolite catalyst could only partly be regained by calcination in air, as some of the acidic sites were lost.
Enhanced Light Extraction From Green Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes by Attaching Microstructure Arrayed Films (2015)

In this study, microstructure arrayed films, such as microlens and microprism arrayed sheets, were introduced to the front side of quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) to enhance the extraction efficiency of the QLEDs without fabricating complex micro/nano-structures directly on the substrate of the QLEDs. Additionally, the optical properties of the microlens and microprism film-attached QLEDs were compared with those of conventional QLEDs (without microstructures). Conventional QLEDs were fabricated as a reference device with gradient-thick shell green emitting CdSe@ZnS/ZnS quantum dots (QDs). The microlens-attached QLEDs have a high current efficiency (CE) of 31.3 cd/A, an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 7.9% at 7 V, and a bright luminescence value of 99 350 cd/m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> at 10 V. The CE, EQE, and luminescence values of the microlens-attached QLEDs are 1.47, 1.41, and 1.57 times higher than those of conventional QLEDs, respectively. The EL spectra and the color coordinates of the QLEDs only changed very slightly by adding microstructured arrays to the QLEDs.
A fault location technique for rural distribution feeders (1993)

This work presents a digital fault location technique for rural distribution feeders, using the voltage and current data at a single location. Rural distribution feeders include single-phase, two-phase, and three-phase laterals off a main three-phase primary distribution feeder. The fault location scheme presented here attempts to account for the multiphase laterals, the unbalanced conditions, and the unsymmetrical nature of distribution feeders by continually updating voltage and current vectors at set locations within the system. The updated voltage and current vectors are the estimates of the 60-Hz phasor quantities obtained using a recursive optimal estimation algorithm. The distance to the fault is then estimated using a method based on the apparent impedance approach and the updated voltage and current vectors. Another consideration is the ability to determine the fault location on a lateral. A simulation of an actual rural distribution feeder using the Electromagnetic Transients Program (EMTP) is used to test the approach.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Fiber-optic prism true time-delay antenna feed (1993)

Experimental results for an optical-control technique for implementing a true time-delay function for array antennas are reported. A microwave signal is transmitted on a wavelength-tunable optical carrier through a fiber-optic prism-a set of nominally equal-delay fibers with differing net dispersion-to photodetectors that feed each antenna element. The relative interelement time-delay (beam angle) adjustment is accomplished by tuning the optical carrier wavelength. Measured antenna patterns of a two-element array clearly demonstrate beam steering and true time-delay operation over a two-octave bandwidth of 2-8 GHz.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>