gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
HVS-Based Model for Superposition of Two Color Halftones (2016)

In this paper, we look into the superposition of two periodic clustered-dot color halftones, which are widely used for electrophotographic printers due to their print stability. The scope of our research lies in understanding how to make the best color assignments to the two regular or irregular halftones in order to minimize the perceived error. We develop a model that agrees with a human observer and allows fast implementation. In order to account for the difference in the responses of the human viewer to luminance and chrominance information, we use the Yy Cx Cz color space, which is a linearized version of the L*a*b* uniform color space. The perceived error helps us identify the configuration of colors and screens that will improve the appearance of the superposition image. We believe that making the right color assignments is essential for developing high quality color images.
Subpicosecond pulse amplification in semiconductor laser amplifiers: theory and experiment (1994)

We present a phenomenological model of subpicosecond pulse evolution in semiconductor laser amplifiers, which includes carrier heating effect, gain dispersion, gain saturation, and three kinds of self-phase modulations (SPM). The results obtained from this model are applied to and found to agree very well with experimental measurements of spectral distortions and time-resolved gain on a semiconductor laser amplifier with 460-fs and 2-ps input pulses. The device parameters that are used to match the experimental results are within a reasonable range, either suggested by previous experiments or by published calculations, The results show that the evolution of the pulses and their spectra is sensitively dependent on the input pulse shape and on a variety of time domain and frequency domain amplitude and phase shaping effects. Matching the theory to the experimental data suggests that among the possible causes of the carrier heating two-photon absorption (TPA) is the most important. This effect of TPA needs to be included to properly account for the observed dependence of the carrier heating gain reduction on the pulse length. By examining separately the contribution of the corresponding terms, we also prove the importance of SPM due to the carrier heating and to the instantaneous nonlinear index in shaping the output spectrum. We compare our model with Agrawal's theory, which is valid for pulses of tens of picosecond duration, and find large differences for subpicosecond pulses. For 2-ps pulses, on the other hand, the differences are fewer and less dramatic. The good agreement of the new model with experiments will now allow diagnostics and predictions of pulse evolution in semiconductor optical amplifiers from the picosecond to the subpicosecond range.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Outdoor-to-Indoor path loss modeling for 0.8 to 37 GHz band (2016)

Currently, the next generation (5G) mobile communication system has been actively investigated all over the world, in order to satisfy the future expected requirements, such as super high bit rate. Here, one of the approaches is to utilize the high-SHF (over 6 GHz) and EHF (mainly 30 - 100 GHz) bands. Here, in order to determine the carrier frequency bands for 5G, frequency dependency of path loss and channel properties need to be understood. In this paper, we clarify the Outdoor-to-Indoor path loss characteristics based on the measurement from 0.8 to 3.7 GHz in UMi (urban microcell) scenario, and they are modeled. In addition, extension of conventional O2I models is discussed.
Capture-aware staggering for concurrent transmissions (2007)

802.11 requires bidirectional exchange (i.e., nodes reverse their roles as transmitters and receivers) and hence neighbors of both the transmitter and receiver must keep quiet for the entire duration of communication. This degrades spatial reuse, leading to low network throughput. To address this problem, power control, rate control, and carrier-sense adaptations have successfully identified possibilities of concurrency in the spatial domain. In the temporal domain, optimizations such as piggybacked Acks [1] have reduced role reversals, also enabling concurrency. Though beneficial, these improvements are bounded by the SINR requirement. Recent studies found that the SINR threshold is a dynamic value, dependent on the relative order in which the signal and the interference arrive at the receiver. This implies that under certain conditions, it might be feasible to capture a data frame in the presence of concurrent interference. If harnessed carefully, this can help improve the spatial reuse of wireless networks.
Conditions for electric field enhancement in ε-near-zero Slabs under TM-polarized oblique incidence (2013)

Artificial composite materials have been proven to be viable candidates to increase the degrees of freedom in the interaction of electromagnetic (EM) fields with matter. Composite materials (MTMs) add very interesting possibilities to control EM waves from microwaves to optical frequencies. As a subset of MTMs, artificial composite materials that exhibit ε-near-zero (ENZ) properties have attracted a great deal of attention in view of their potential applications, including tunneling of electromagnetic energy, highly directional beaming, cloaking devices, boosting of optical nonlinearities and low-threshold nonlinear effects.
Broadband blue superluminescent light-emitting diodes based on GaN (2009)

We report on the achievement of III-nitride blue superluminescent light-emitting diodes on GaN substrates. The epitaxial structure includes an active region made of In0.12Ga0.88N quantum wells in a GaN/AlGaN waveguide. Superluminescence under cw operation is observed at room temperature for a current of 130 mA and a current density of 8 kA/cm2. The central emission wavelength is 420 nm and the emission bandwidth is ∼5 nm in the superluminescence regime. A peak optical output power of 100 mW is obtained at 630 mA under pulsed operation and an average power of 10 mW is achieved at a duty cycle of 20%.
Cardiac Abnormalities in Diabetic Patients With Neuropathy (2004)

OBJECTIVE—The goal of this study was to determine whether treatment with an aldose reductase inhibitor (ARI) has beneficial effects on asymptomatic cardiac abnormalities in diabetic patients with neuropathy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Diabetic subjects with neuropathy (n = 81) with either a low diastolic peak filling rate or impaired augmentation of left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (LVEF) during maximal bicycle exercise were identified by gated radionuclide ventriculography. Coronary artery disease, left ventricular hypertrophy, and valvular heart disease were excluded by clinical evaluation, myocardial perfusion imaging, and echocardiography. Subjects were randomized to receive blinded treatment with either the placebo or the ARI zopolrestat 500 or 1,000 mg daily for 1 year. RESULTS—After 1 year of ARI treatment, there were increases in resting LVEF (P &amp;lt; 0.02), cardiac output (P &amp;lt; 0.03), LV stroke volume (P &amp;lt; 0.004), and exercise LVEF (P &amp;lt; 0.001). In placebo-treated subjects, there were decreases in exercise cardiac output (P &amp;lt; 0.03), stroke volume (P &amp;lt; 0.02), and end diastolic volume (P &amp;lt; 0.04). Exercise LVEF increased with ARI treatment independent of blood pressure, insulin use, or the presence of baseline abnormal heart rate variability. There was no change in resting diastolic filling rates in either group. CONCLUSIONS—Diabetic patients with neuropathy have LV abnormalities that can be stabilized and partially reversed by ARI treatment.
Empathic Inclination from Digital Footprints. (2017)

The large amount of personal data left by users on the Internet is a valuable source of information for improving the efficacy of profiling tasks. In particular, the data collected from social media can disclose personal habits, preferences and affective traits. The study is focused on the emphatic inclination of a subject, i.e. the ability to feel and share another person's emotions, which can be a relevant aspect to consider in retrieval or recommendation processes. To support this idea, a model was proposed to predict its level and to emphasize the correlations with explicit features that characterize the user.
A Review of Acupuncture Treatment Methods for Cold Hypersensitivity of Hands and Feet (2021)

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to review the acupuncture treatment for cold hypersensitivity of hands and feet. Methods : We searched articles in 7 search engines with keywords related to 'Cold hypersensitivity of hands and feet' and 'Raynaud disease' in March 2021. Clinical studies that used acupuncture for cold hypersensitivity of hands or feet were included. Animal studies and nonclinical data were excluded. Data on acupuncture treatment such as methods, site, duration, frequency, and period were analyzed. Also, network analysis between acupoints was conducted. Results : Of 41 selected articles, there were 32 case reports, 7 randomized controlled trials, and 2 uncontrolled clinical studies. Studies were conducted using manual acupuncture, electroacupuncture, warm needling, pharmacopuncture, fire needling, and auricular acupuncture. Most studies used more than one acupoint (n=40), and there were 111 acupoints selected for acupuncture treatment for cold hypersensitivity of hands and feet. The most commonly used acupoint was LI11 (n=27). In terms of the correlation of acupoints, LI11 had the highest value of degree centrality at 0.6989. The mean treatment time, number of treatments, and duration were 26.88.87 minutes, 15.5115.75 times, and 77.69132.80 days. Conclusions : The results of this study could be useful in establishing the evidence for performing standardized acupuncture treatment for cold hypersensitivity of hands and feet.
Assisted peritoneal dialysis: strategies and outcomes (2022)

Assisted peritoneal dialysis (asPD) is a modality intended for not self-sufficient patients, mainly elderly, who are not able to perform peritoneal dialysis (PD) alone and require some help to manage the treatment. In the last decades, many countries developed strategies of asPD to face with aging of dialysis population and give an answer to the increasing demand of health service for elderly. Model of asPD varies according to the type of assistants employed and intensity of assistance provided. Both health care and non-health care assistants have been used with good clinical results. A mixed model of help, using different professional figures for short time or for longer according to patients' need, has been proved successful and cost-effective. Outcomes of asPD are reported in different ways, and the comparative effect of asPD is unclear. Quality of life has rarely been evaluated; however, patients seem to be satisfied with the assistance provided, since it allows them to both retain independence and to be relieved from the burden of self-care. Assisted PD should not be intended as a PD-favoring strategy, but as a model that allows home dialysis also in patients who would not be eligible for PD because of social, cognitive or physical barriers.
Assessment of Valvular Heart Disease With Doppler Echocardiography (1989)

The addition of Doppler principles to two-dimensional echocardiography has revolutionized the noninvasive evaluation of valvular heart disease. Doppler techniques allow precise measurements of blood flow velocity at different locations in the heart and great vessels, so that many aspects of hemodynamics can now be measured noninvasively. These techniques are particularly useful for the quantitative assessment of valvular stenosis; both valve areas and transvalvular gradients may be determined. Doppler echocardiography (particularly with color flow mapping) is also useful for the qualitative assessment of valvular regurgitation. By understanding the uses and limitations of Doppler echocardiography, physicians may now confidently follow up patients with mild or moderate valvular disease with serial noninvasive studies, avoiding the risks of cardiac catheterization in many patients.
Laser-Enabled Control of Interatomic-Coulomb-Decay Dynamics (2020)

Interatomic-Coulombic-Decay (ICD) processes play an important role in the interaction of X-rays with biological systems. Here, we present the first successful experimental demonstration that enables and precisely times the outcome of an ICD process in an argon dimer, utilizing ultrafast XUV and IR radiation.
Detection and classification of cyclostationary signals via cyclic-HOS: a unified approach (1992)

Detection and classification of cyclostationary signals in noise of unknown distribution is addressed and novel tests for cyclostationarity are proposed. Both cases of known and unknown signal statistics are considered. The proposed approaches exploit the asymptotic normality of sample cyclic- cumulant and polyspectrum estimators for deriving asymptotically optimal X<SUP>2</SUP> tests. Simpler, but generally suboptimal versions are also presented. Simulations are performed to test the proposed algorithms and illustrate their insensitivity to any stationary noise as well as the ability of higher-than second-order schemes to suppress cyclostationary Gaussian interferences of unknown covariance.
Statins potentiate the in vitro anti-hepatitis C virus activity of selective hepatitis C virus inhibitors and delay or prevent resistance development # (2009)

A combination of specific HCV inhibitors with statins may result in a more profound antiviral effect and may delay or prevent the development of resistance to such inhibitors.
Structures of the ApoL1 and ApoL2 N-terminal domains reveal a non-classical four-helix bundle motif (2021)

Apolipoprotein L1 (ApoL1) is a circulating innate immunity protein protecting against trypanosome infection. However, two ApoL1 coding variants are associated with a highly increased risk of chronic kidney disease. Here we present X-ray and NMR structures of the N-terminal domain (NTD) of ApoL1 and of its closest relative ApoL2. In both proteins, four of the five NTD helices form a four-helix core structure which is different from the classical four-helix bundle and from the pore-forming domain of colicin A. The reactivity with a conformation-specific antibody and structural models predict that this four-helix motif is also present in the NTDs of ApoL3 and ApoL4, suggesting related functions within the small ApoL family. The long helix 5 of ApoL1 is conformationally flexible and contains the BH3-like region. This BH3-like α-helix resembles true BH3 domains only in sequence and structure but not in function, since it does not bind to the pro-survival members of the Bcl-2 family, suggesting a Bcl-2-independent role in cytotoxicity. These findings should expedite a more comprehensive structural and functional understanding of the ApoL immune protein family.
56.3: Invited Paper : New Color Rendering Standards and Implications for Displays that Provide Illumination: The Promise and Peril of Solid State Lighting (2015)

As displays become larger and more efficient, they may come to provide illumination as well as imagery. This will require reconciling a conflict between color gamut and color rendering. Standards for color rendering are also evolving, and this should be taken into account in the optimization of displays that are intended to serve these two purposes.
A mean-field analysis of short lived interacting TCP flows (2004)

In this paper, we consider a set of HTTP flows using TCP over a common drop-tail link to download files. After each download, a flow waits for a random think time before requesting the download of another file, whose size is also random. When a flow is active its throughput is increasing with time according to the additive increase rule, but if it suffers losses created when the total transmission rate of the flows exceeds the link rate, its transmission rate is decreased. The throughput obtained by a flow, and the consecutive time to download one file are then given as the consequence of the interaction of all the flows through their total transmission rate and the link's behavior.We study the mean-field model obtained by letting the number of flows go to infinity. This mean-field limit may have two stable regimes : one without congestion in the link, in which the density of transmission rate can be explicitly described, the other one with periodic congestion epochs, where the inter-congestion time can be characterized as the solution of a fixed point equation, that we compute numerically, leading to a density of transmission rate given by as the solution of a Fredholm equation. It is shown that for certain values of the parameters (more precisely when the link capacity per user is not significantly larger than the load per user), each of these two stable regimes can be reached depending on the initial condition. This phenomenon can be seen as an analogue of turbulence in fluid dynamics: for some initial conditions, the transfers progress in a fluid and interaction-less way; for others, the connections interact and slow down because of the resulting fluctuations, which in turn perpetuates interaction forever, in spite of the fact that the load per user is less than the capacity per user. We prove that this phenomenon is present in the Tahoe case and both the numerical method that we develop and simulations suggest that it is present in the Reno case too. It translates into a bi-stability phenomenon for the finite population model within this range of parameters.
Multifunctional Hydroxyapatite/Silver Nanoparticles/Cotton Gauze for Antimicrobial and Biomedical Applications (2021)

Medical textiles have played an increasingly important protection role in the healthcare industry. This study was aimed at improving the conventional cotton gauze for achieving advanced biomedical specifications (coloration, UV-protection, anti-inflammation, and antimicrobial activities). These features were obtained by modifying the cotton gauze fabrics via in-situ precipitation of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HAp NP), followed by in-situ photosynthesis of silver (Ag) NPs with ginger oil as a green reductant with anti-inflammation properties. The HAp-Ag NPs coating provides good UV-protection properties. To further improve the HAp and Ag NPs dispersion and adhesion on the surface, the cotton gauze fabrics were modified by cationization with chitosan, or by partial carboxymethylation (anionic modification). The influence of the cationic and anionic modifications and HAp and Ag NPs deposition on the cotton gauze properties (coloration, UV-protection, antimicrobial activities, and water absorption) was thoroughly assessed. Overall, the results indicate that chemical (anionic and cationic) modification of the cotton gauze enhances HAp and Ag NPs deposition. Chitosan can increase biocompatibility and promotes wound healing properties of cotton gauze. Ag NP deposition onto cotton gauze fabrics brought high antimicrobial activities against Candida albicans, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and improved UV protection.
Continuous stirred-tank reactor cascade platform for self-optimization of reactions involving solids (2022)

Research-scale fully automated flow platform for reaction self-optimization with solids handling facilitates identification of optimal conditions for continuous manufacturing of pharmaceuticals while reducing amounts of raw materials consumed.
Highly Reliable Radical SiO2Films on Atomically Flat Silicon Surface Formed by Low Temperature Pure Ar Annealing (2011)

The gate oxide films are formed by the microwave exited high density plasma on Si(100) surfaces of various flatness to discuss the reliabilities. By annealing in ultra pure Ar ambient below 900 °C at atmosphere pressure, the whole surface of 200-mm-diameter (100) orientation silicon wafers can be atomically flattened without slip-line defects generation. For the capacitors, the intrinsic life time in charge-to-breakdown (Qbd) characteristics and the breakdown field (Ebd) of radical oxide films are much larger than those of thermal oxide films, and the extrinsic Qbd of radical oxide film is drastically improved by forming on atomically flat silicon surface composed with that on conventional Czochralski (Cz)-wafer surface. Moreover, fabricating radical oxide films on the atomically flat wafers, flattened at 800 or 1100 °C in Ar ambient, the equivalent gate oxide breakdown characteristics are obtained.
Erythritol Dicarbonate as Intermediate for Solvent- and Isocyanate-Free Tailoring of Bio-Based Polyhydroxyurethane Thermoplastics and Thermoplastic Elastomers (2017)

The highly reactive [4,4′-bi(1,3-dioxolane)]-2,2′-dione (BDC), also being referred to as erythritol dicarbonate and butadiene dicarbonate, enables the facile isocyanate-free tailoring and melt-processing of bio-based polyhydroxyurethane (PHU) materials. Both the direct carbonation of erythritol and the chemical fixation of CO2 with 2,2′-bioxirane, obtained by epoxidation of bioethanol-derived butadiene, afford high purity BDC in high yields. According to the FTIR spectroscopic model study BDC reacts with primary alkylamines at room temperature even in the absence of catalysts. High BDC reactivity is essential for producing high molar mass linear PHU thermoplastics via melt-phase polyaddtition with aliphatic diamines. Opposite to conventional isoycanate-mediated polyurethane syntheses erythritol units are incorporated into the polyurethane backbone without requiring the use of protective groups. As a function of the diamine structures and copolymer compositions the PHU properties vary from hard to soft and elastomeric. Typically isophorone diamine (IPDA) and trimethylhexamethylenediamine (TMHMDA) serve as building blocks for hard segments whereas highly flexible diamines such dimer fatty acid-derived diamidoamines render PHU soft and elastomeric. This study elucidates how copolymer composition and reaction parameters such as temperature, catalyst, and stabilizer addition influences PHU molar masses as well as mechanical and thermal properties. For the first time, owing to extraodinary BDC reactivity, melt-phase BDC polyaddition with diamines is competitive with conventional reactive processing of polyurethane thermoplastics using isocyanates. Moreover this versatile isocyanate-free synthetic route offers a great variety of options for fabricating unconventional bio-based PHUs and carbohydrate urethanes unparalleled by conventional polyurethanes.
Edge gold-coated silver nanoprism [Ag@(Au nanoframe)] for H 2 0 2 detection (2011)

In this paper we describe a facile method for synthesizing gold triangular nanoframe from edge gold-coated silver nanoprism [Ag@(Au nanoframe)] with controlled ridge thickness and interior hollow diameter via chemical etching of silver from the gold coated Ag nanoprism with Hydrogen peroxide. Our process involves two major steps: (1) Formation of Ag@(Au nanoframe) by deposition of gold on the edges of Ag nanoprisms in room temperature (2) Etching of Ag atoms from the gold fame via H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> oxidation. The optical properties of the resulting nanoframe can be easily tailored in a broad range by controlling the ridge thickness or hole diameter by amount of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> added into the reaction. Due to the changes to the optical spectra during etching, the nanoframe formation can be employed to detect H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> in a broad range of concentration down to 1 &mu;M.
Related Article from A New Mechanism for Blocking Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells by CpG (2023)

Related Article from A New Mechanism for Blocking Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells by CpG