gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hydrodynamic attraction of bacteria to gas and liquid interfaces (2019)

Near an interface, the distribution of swimming microorganisms such as bacteria is distinguished from inert colloidal particles because of the interfacial hydrodynamics induced by swimming. In this work, we use nontumbling flagellated bacteria, Escherichia coli, to study cell distribution near gas and liquid interfaces and compare it to the case of a solid wall. For low-viscosity ratios such as gas interfaces, we observe a stronger cell accumulation compared to that near liquid and solid surfaces. This contradicts known theoretical predictions. Therefore, we develop a model based on Brownian dynamics, including hydrodynamic effects and short-range physiochemical interactions between bacteria and interfaces. This model explains our experimental findings and can predict cell distribution near clean and surfactant-contaminated interfaces. By considering higher order singularities, this study helps explain bacteria orientation, trajectories, and cell density.
dc Electrical Degradation of Perovskite‐Type Titanates: III, A Model of the Mechanism (1990)

A quantitative model for the dc voltage‐induced resistance degradation is based on the defect structural material constants and a numerical solution of the general transport problem for the mixed‐conducting perovskite‐type titanates. During degradation, a demixing of the initially homogeneous oxygen vacancy concentration in nominally undoped and acceptor‐doped systems occurs since the ionic transfer is (at least partially) blocked at the electrodes. Because of the specific defect structure, the concentration polarization of the oxygen vacancies leads to a pronounced increase of the p ‐conductivity in the anodic region and formation of an n ‐conducting cathodic region. The results of our phenomenological degradation studies concerning the influence of external parameters and material parameters as well as the time evolution of the field distribution and the electro‐coloration are described by our simulation model with reasonable precision. The thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of the demixing process are discussed and compared to related phenomena.
Vibrational relaxation of a triatomic molecular impurity: D{sub 2}O in vitreous As{sub 2}S{sub 3} (1995)

Measurements of the relaxation of the D{sub 2}O stretch mode in vitreous As{sub 2}S{sub 3} are presented. Because the bending mode of the molecule offers an intra-molecular decay channel for the stretch mode, the decay scheme of the D{sub 2}O molecule is more complex than that of diatomic molecules. The asymmetric stretch mode of D{sub 2}O has a frequency of 2680 cm{sup -1}. To study the relaxation of this mode we applied a pump-probe technique, using intense psec; pulses of the Stanford Free Electron Laser. Due to the small cross-section of the vibrational mode, successful efforts were made to improve the signal to noise ratio by using a laser stabilization system and a tightly focused beam to increase the intensity, by averaging the signal with a kHz repetition rate and by using samples with an optimized D{sub 2}O concentration. A rapid relaxation rate on the order of 5 x 10{sup 9} sec{sup -1} at low temperature is found that increases with temperature. Recalling that the bending mode of the D{sub 2}O molecule has a frequency of 1170 cm{sup -1}, one would expect a decay in a third order process, involving two quanta of the bending mode plus a vibrational host quanta with a frequency of 340 cm{sup -1}, which coincides with a fundamental frequency of the pyramidal building blocks of the glassy As{sub 2}S{sub 3} host. Instead, we find from the temperature dependence of the relaxation rate that the D{sub 2}O stretching mode relaxes in a higher order process. This indicates that the relaxation dynamics of small molecules is more complex than generally assumed.
Molecular Exchange in Ordered Diblock Copolymer Micelles (2011)

Molecular exchange kinetics of diblock copolymers forming spherical micelles packed on a body-centered cubic (bcc) lattice were investigated using time-resolved small-angle neutron scattering (TR-SANS). Ordered arrays of polystyrene spheres were prepared by mixing 15 vol % poly(styrene-&lt;i&gt;b&lt;/i&gt;-ethylene-&lt;i&gt;alt&lt;/i&gt;-propylene) (PS−PEP) in squalane, a highly selective solvent for the PEP block. Two pairs of diblock copolymers were examined, characterized by two different PS core block molecular weights (⟨&lt;i&gt;M&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;PS&lt;/sub&gt;⟩ = 26500 and 42800). Each pair contained two nearly identical diblock copolymers, one with a deuterated PS block (dPS−PEP) and the other with a protonated PS block (hPS−PEP). Protonated and deuterated squalane were blended to achieve a contrast-matched condition with uniformly mixed dPS and hPS (50/50 by volume) core chains. Beginning with a statistically random array of pure dPS and hPS cores distributed on the bcc lattice, molecular exchange was monitored at multiple temperatures by TR-SANS. Exchange of deuterated and protonated chains results in a decay in SANS intensity, which yields a kinetic function revealing a broad spectrum of relaxation times. These results are qualitatively consistent with our previously reported findings for molecular exchange between PS−PEP micelles in a dilute (1 vol %) squalane solution. However, the measured characteristic time constant for the concentrated, ordered system is more than an order of magnitude slower than in the dilute, disordered dispersion.
Advances in Modeling Sorption and Diffusion of Moisture in Porous Reactive Materials (2014)

Water-vapor-uptake experiments were performed on a silica-filled poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) network and modeled by using two different approaches. The data was modeled by using established methods and the model parameters were used to predict moisture uptake in a sample. The predictions are reasonably good, but not outstanding; many of the shortcomings of the modeling are discussed. A high-fidelity modeling approach is derived and used to improve the modeling of moisture uptake and diffusion. Our modeling approach captures the physics and kinetics of diffusion and adsorption/desorption, simultaneously. It predicts uptake better than the established method; more importantly, it is also able to predict outgassing. The material used for these studies is a filled-PDMS network; physical interpretations concerning the sorption and diffusion of moisture in this network are discussed.
Development of an Actuator with ER Damper and Its Basic Experiments (1999)

Most industrial robots are driven through reduction gear units by DC or AC servomotors. The elasticity of the drive systems including these reduction gear units cannot be ignored when the high-speed and precise motion control is required for robots. Due to the elasticity of the drive systems, the vibratory behaviors are caused, and the control performances of robot systems are deteriorated. In this study, we develop a new actuator, which consists of an AC servomotor, a harmonic drive gear and an ER damper. Since the gap between electrodes of the ER damper is 80 [Rm], only the voltage of 80 [V] is needed for the electric field of 1 [kV/mm]. And this ER damper consumes little electric power. The actuator is installed to the one-link robot arm. The mathematical model of the robot arm is derived, and the eigenvalues of the robot system are analyzed. The experiments are conducted, and the effectiveness of the actuator is shown.
Wave-packet approach to treat low energy reactive systems: accurate probabilities for hydrogen atom + hydrogen (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTWave-packet approach to treat low energy reactive systems: accurate probabilities for hydrogen atom + hydrogenDaniel Neuhauser and Michael BaerCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1989, 93, 8, 2872–2873Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100345a002https://doi.org/10.1021/j100345a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views83Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
In Vivo Conditioning of Tissue‐engineered Heart Muscle Improves Contractile Performance (2005)

The ability to engineer cardiac tissue in vitro is limited by the absence of a vasculature. In this study we describe an in vivo model which allows neovascularization of engineered cardiac tissue. Three-dimensional cardiac tissue, termed "cardioids," was engineered in vitro from the spontaneous delamination of a confluent monolayer of cardiac cells. Cardioids were sutured onto a support framework and then implanted in a subcutaneous pocket in syngeneic recipient rats. Three weeks after implantation, cardioids were recovered for in vitro force testing and histological evaluation. Staining for hematoxylin and eosin demonstrated the presence of viable cells within explanted cardioids. Immunostaining with von Willebrand factor showed the presence of vascularization. Electron micrographs revealed the presence of large amounts of aligned contractile proteins and a high degree of intercellular connectivity. The peak active force increased from an average value of 57 microN for control cardioids to 447 microN for explanted cardioids. There was also a significant increase in the specific force. There was a significant decrease in the time to peak tension and half relaxation time. Explanted cardioids could be electrically paced at frequencies of 1-5 Hz. Explanted cardioids exhibited a sigmoidal response to calcium and positive chronotropy in response to epinephrine. As the field of cardiac tissue engineering progresses, it becomes desirable to engineer larger diameter tissue equivalents and to induce angiogenesis within tissue constructs. This study describes a relatively simple in vivo model, which promotes the neovascularization of tissue-engineered heart muscle and subsequent improvement in contractile performance.
Synthesis of Pyrrolidines and Pyrroles by Tandem Amination/Cyanation/Alkylation and Amination/Oxidation Sequences (2014)

Starting from a primary amine-tethered alkyne <b>1</b>, a copper-catalyzed three-component tandem amination/cyanation/alkylation sequence gives α-CN pyrrolidine <b>6</b> in good yield and regioselectivity. Also, a silver mediated tandem amination/oxidation of a secondary amine-tethered alkyne <b>7</b> produces functionalized pyrrole <b>8</b> in good yield. All reactions were conducted in one pot without any protection/deprotection steps.
Reusable and Sensitive Detection Method for Exonuclease III Activity by DNB Nanoarrays Based on cPAS Sequencing Technology (2020)

Abstraction In this article, we have designed a sensitive and recycled DNB (DNA nanoball) nanoarrays sequencing complex structures based on BGISEQ-500RS sequencer for the monitoring performance of Exo III activity. In the shortage of Exo III, the effective number ratio of DNB would be captured by an optical system due to one fluorescent. In contrast, in the presence of Exo III, some DNB would disappear or discard from the fields of the optical system by fluorescence extinction and uncleaned fluorescent, respectively. As a result, the effective number of DNB of this strategy was relative to the concentration of Exo III. For Exo III, our strategy showed a highly sensitive linear response in the low detection range of 0.01 U/mL to 0.5 U/mL, with detection limits below 0.01 U/mL. With the comparison between DNB nanoarrays and other fluorescent sensors, this study possessed superior sensitivity, selectivity, and reusability, accompanying with the low cost and simple setup.
Spatially encoded pseudopure states for NMR quantum-information processing (2000)

Quantum-information processing by liquid-state NMR spectroscopy uses pseudopure states to mimic the evolution and observations on true pure states. A new method of preparing pseudopure states is described, which involves the selection of spatially labeled states of an ancilla spin with which the spin system of interest is correlated. This permits a general procedure to be given for the preparation of pseudopure states on any number of spins, subject to the limitations imposed by the loss of signal from the selected subensemble. The preparation of a single pseudopure state is demonstrated by carbon and proton NMR of ${}^{13}\mathrm{C}$-labeled alanine. With a judicious choice of magnetic-field gradients, the method further allows encoding of up to ${2}^{N}$ pseudopure states in independent spatial modes in an $N+1$ spin system. Fast encoding and decoding schemes are demonstrated for the preparation of four such spatially labeled pseudopure states.
Spectral Discrimination of Chiral Macrocyclic Paramagnetic Metal Complexes by NMR Techniques (1999)

Axially symmetric macrocyclic polyaza complexes of lanthanide(III) ions are present in aqueous solution as a racemic mixture of two enantiomers in slow exchange at room temperature. Chiral resolution of an anionic paramagnetic complex has been achieved by exploiting multisite electrostatic and hydrogen-bonding interactions with an optically active organic base, and revealed by NMR techniques as illustrated. The bonding of the optically active substrate to the complex has been elucidated.
TLK-286. (2004)

Telik Inc is developing TLK-286, a modified glutathione analog prodrug, for the potential treatment of cancer.
Modeling of organic substrate transformation in the high-rate activated sludge process (2015)

This study describes the development of a modified activated sludge model No.1 framework to describe the organic substrate transformation in the high-rate activated sludge (HRAS) process. New process mechanisms for dual soluble substrate utilization, production of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), absorption of soluble substrate (storage), and adsorption of colloidal substrate were included in the modified model. Data from two HRAS pilot plants were investigated to calibrate and to validate the proposed model for HRAS systems. A subdivision of readily biodegradable soluble substrate into a slow and fast fraction were included to allow accurate description of effluent soluble chemical oxygen demand (COD) in HRAS versus longer solids retention time (SRT) systems. The modified model incorporates production of EPS and storage polymers as part of the aerobic growth transformation process on the soluble substrate and transformation processes for flocculation of colloidal COD to particulate COD. The adsorbed organics are then converted through hydrolysis to the slowly biodegradable soluble fraction. Two soluble substrate models were evaluated during this study, i.e., the dual substrate and the diauxic models. Both models used two state variables for biodegradable soluble substrate (SBf and SBs) and a single biomass population. The A-stage pilot typically removed 63% of the soluble substrate (SB) at an SRT <0.13 d and 79% at SRT of 0.23 d. In comparison, the dual substrate model predicted 58% removal at the lower SRT and 78% at the higher SRT, with the diauxic model predicting 32% and 70% removals, respectively. Overall, the dual substrate model provided better results than the diauxic model and therefore it was adopted during this study. The dual substrate model successfully described the higher effluent soluble COD observed in the HRAS systems due to the partial removal of SBs, which is almost completely removed in higher SRT systems.
Collision-induced ion-pair formation of CsCl and Cs/sub 2/Cl/sub 2/ (1978)

Absolute cross sections have been determined for collision-induced ion-pair formation of cesium chloride (monomers and dimers) from collisions with Ar, Kr, and Xe atoms. The rare gas atoms were aerodynamically accelerated in H/sub 2/, with maximum energies of 6.8, 12.1, and 18.3 eV (in the laboratory frame), respectively. Time-of-flight mass spectrometry permitted the determination of partial cross sections for each ion channel resulting from the collision. For the monomer, the cross secions for the channel leading to Cs/sup +/+Cl/sup -/ were similar in magnitude for the three rare gas atoms and were approximately 3 x 10/sup -/16 cm/sup 2/ at 3 eV above threshold. The rearrangement ionization channel leading to CsM/sup +/ (M=Ar, Kr, and Xe) exhibited a step behavior at threshold followed by a very rapid fall off at higher collision energies. Collisions with the dimers produced both Cs/sub 2/Cl/sup +/+Cl/sup -/ and Cs/sup +/+CsCl/sup -//sub 2/ but no detectable ions containing the rare gas atoms. The magnitude of the cross sections for the Cs/sub 2/Cl/sup +/ channel varied significantly with the rare gas although the corresponding thresholds were similar. In the case of CsCl/sup -//sub 2/, however, the magnitudes of the cross sections were similar, but the thresholdsmore » varied. A possible explanation for this difference in behavior is given based on simple dynamical models. The cross sections for each product ion from both the monomer and dimer (except for CsM/sup +/) exhibited a power-law rise with increasing energy sigma=const x (E/sub tot/-E/sub 0/)/sup n//E/sub rel/ up to about 1--1.15 eV above threshold, where E/sub tot/ is the total energy, E/sub 0/ the threshold energy, and E/sub rel/ the relative kinetic energy. Values of n and E/sub 0/ were determined for each system. The threshold for each reaction M+CsCl..-->..M+Cs/sup +/+Cl/sup -/ was determined most accurately from the peak in the CsM/sup +/+Cl/sup -/ excitation function, which occurs (after energy deconvolution) at the threshold for collision-induced dissociation.« less
Method to detect line-to-ground faults in high-resistance-ground networks (2010)

An Industrial-Power-Converter-System (IPCS) is a system made up of several power converters, such as Adjustable Speed Drive (ASDs), filters, and any kind of reactive power-compensation components. Today, an IPCS requires the ability to accurately detect and isolate electric faults to avoid further compromise of the integrity of the whole system. One particular type of electric fault is the cable line-to-ground fault. Due to the complexity and asymmetry of IPCSs, reliably detecting cable line-to-ground faults is a formidable task. Therefore, it is necessary to identify current/voltage signature uniquely linked to the occurrence of the fault. A filter realization to track specific harmonics is proposed.
Amastigote Load and Cell Surface Phenotype of Infected Cells from Lesions and Lymph Nodes of Susceptible and Resistant Mice Infected withLeishmania major (2003)

Cells of the dendritic cell (DC) lineage, by their unique ability to stimulate naive T cells, may be of crucial importance in the development of protective immune responses to Leishmania parasites. The aim of this study was to compare the impact of L. major infection on DCs in BALB/c (susceptible, developing Th2 responses), C57BL/6 (resistant, developing Th1 responses), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)(-/-) C57BL/6 mice (susceptible, developing delayed and reduced Th1 responses). We analyzed by immunohistochemistry the phenotype of infected cells in vivo. Granulocytes (GR1(+)) and macrophages (CD11b(+)) appear as the mainly infected cells in primary lesions. In contrast, cells expressing CD11c, a DC specific marker, are the most frequently infected cells in draining lymph nodes of all mice tested. These infected CD11c(+) cells harbored a particular morphology and cell surface phenotype in infected C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice. CD11c(+) infected cells from C57BL/6 and TNF(-/-) C57BL/6 mice displayed a weak parasitic load and a dendritic morphology and frequently expressed CD11b or F4/80 myeloid differentiation markers. In contrast, some CD11c(+) infected cells from BALB/c mice were multinucleated giant cells. Giant cells presented a dramatic accumulation of parasites and differentiation markers were not detectable at their surface. In all mice, lymph node CD11c(+) infected cells expressed a low major histocompatibility complex II level and no detectable CD86 expression. Our results suggest that infected CD11c(+) DC-like cells might constitute a reservoir of parasites in lymph nodes.
Optimized use of an internal-combustion engine with a variable-speed synchronous generator and rectifier (2005)

When making an energy system a common DC bus can be an appropriate choice. On a DC bus many energy sources and storage systems can be easily coupled in parallel and an electronic DC/AC converter can feed the AC grid in optimum conditions. In such a system an internal-combustion engine (ICE) can be used as an energy source and the ICE does not have to run at a speed synchronized with the AC grid frequency. At low load it will be better to run the ICE at low speed. For building a cost-effective and energy-efficient system it is important to make use of off the shelf components with minor modifications and to know their energy efficiency. These efficiencies are difficult to calculate and hard to find. Therefore a test set up was built for accurate efficiency measurements. This paper includes a trade off and research results for different topologies. For the experiments a three phase synchronous generator with brushless excitation system was used, only the field excitation control system was replaced and modified. Different types of rectifiers are evaluated: a diode rectifier with DC voltage feed back control to the field excitation, a constant AC voltage regulator with thyristor rectifier and finally an active boost rectifier with IGBTs. The efficiency of a diesel engine was measured in the torque versus speed plane. The results show that with a variable load a generation system with common DC bus can increase system efficiency. The results are useful for evaluating new concepts for renewable energy systems, mobile generating sets, cogeneration systems, hybrid vehicle traction and variable-speed windmills.
Photonics for Jamming Tolerant Wideband RF Communications (2019)

A microwave photonic architecture for jamming tolerant RF transmission of wideband 10-100 Mbps data is analyzed. Switched optical delays implement spread-spectrum encoding and sliding-window decoding of the RF-carrier phase. Any strong jammers are selectively attenuated by a frequency agnostic photonic limiter and further attenuated by the decoder and bandpass filter.