gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Carney Complex, Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome, Cowden Disease, and Bannayan-Zonana Syndrome Share Cutaneous and Endocrine Manifestations, But Not Genetic Loci (1998)

Carney complex (CC), Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS), Cowden disease (CD), and Bannayan-Zonana syndrome (BZS) share clinical features, such as mucocutaneous lentigines and multiple tumors (thyroid, breast, ovarian, and testicular neoplasms), and autosomal dominant inheritance. A genetic locus has been identified for CC on chromosome 2 (2p16), and the genes for PJS, CD, and BZS were recently identified; genetic heterogeneity appears likely in both CC and PJS. The genes for PJS and CD/BZS, STK11/LKB1 and PTEN, respectively, may act as tumor suppressors, because loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of the PJS and CD/BZS loci has been demonstrated in tumors excised from patients with these disorders. We studied 2 families with CC in whom the disease could not be shown to segregate with polymorphic markers from the 2p16 locus. Their members presented with lesions frequently seen in PJS and the other lentiginosis syndromes. We also tested 16 tumors and cell lines established from patients with CC for LOH involving the PJS and CD/BZS loci. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood, tumor cell lines, and tissues and subjected to PCR amplification with primers from microsatellite sequences flanking the STK11/LKB1 and PTEN genes on 19p13 and 10q23, respectively, and a putative PJS locus on 19q13. All loci were excluded as candidates in both families with LOD scores less than 2 and/or by haplotype analysis. LOH for these loci was not present in any of the tumors that were histologically identical to those seen in PJS. The overall rate of LOH for the PJS and CD/BZS loci in tumors from patients with CC was less than 10%. We conclude that despite substantial clinical overlap among CC, PJS, CD, and BZS, LOH for the STK11 and PTEN loci is an infrequent event in CC-related tumors. Linkage analysis excluded the PJS and CD/BZS loci on chromosomes 19 (19p13 and 19q13) and 10 (10q23) from harboring the gene defect(s) responsible for the phenotype in these 2 families.
ChemInform Abstract: A FACILE SYNTHESIS OF SUBSTITUTED CONJUGATED CYCLOHEXADIENES (1974)

Abstract Mesityloxid (I) und Allylidentriphenylphosphoran (II) reagieren über (III) und (IV) zum 1,3‐Cyclohexadien (V).
Consortium for Nanomaterials for Aerospace Commerce and Technology (CONTACT) (2013)

Abstract : CONTACT was launched in November 2006 under the leadership of Senator Kay Bailey Hutchison. This cooperative research program consisted of AFRL and seven Texas universities including University of Houston, University of Texas at Arlington, University of Texas at Austin, University of Texas at Brownsville, University of Texas at Dallas, University of Texas Pan American, and Rice University. CONTACT was developed to advance research and commercialization of nanomaterials to address the needs of the AFRL and defense and aerospace industry. Four areas of research were identified by the Air Force: (1) Adaptive Coatings and Surface Engineering, (2) Nano Energetics, (3) Electromagnetic Sensors, and (4) Power Generation and Storage. Projects were selected that focused in one or more of these areas. CONTACT began with nine research projects in October 2007 and expanded to 18 projects at its conclusion in February 2013. Other achievements of the program include: fostering a long-term partnership with AFRL; developing relationships with industry through the Industrial Advisory Committee; bolstering student research through the Student Travel Grant Program; and providing general support for participants and their universities in a broad range of activities.
CONE PHOTORECEPTOR INTEGRITY ASSESSED WITH ADAPTIVE OPTICS IMAGING AFTER LASER POINTER-INDUCED RETINAL INJURY (2020)

Exposure to laser pointer radiation, however brief, can result in damage to the retina. Here, repeated imaging nine months later showed a decrease in the size of the lesions (ranging from 3.7 to 23.9%) compared with the first time point. However, the longer-term prognosis is likely permanent scarring.
All-trans Retinoic Acid Overcomes Acquired Resistance to PLX4032 via Inhibition of PIN1 in Melanoma Cells (2019)

PIN1 plays an important role in the development of PLX4032 resistance through up-regulation of EGFR expression.
Modeling Versatile and Dynamic Anaerobic Metabolism for PAOs/GAOs Competition Using Agent-based Model and Verification via Single Cell Raman Micro-spectroscopy (2020)

ABSTRACT Side-stream enhanced biological phosphorus removal process (S2EBPR) has been demonstrated to improve performance stability and offer a suite of advantages compared to conventional EBPR design. Design and optimization of S2EBPR require modification of the current EBPR models that were not able to fully reflect the metabolic functions of and competition between the polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs) and glycogen-accumulating organisms (GAOs) under extended anaerobic conditions as in the S2EBPR conditions. In this study, we proposed and validated an improved model (iEBPR) for simulating PAO and GAO competition that incorporated heterogeneity and versatility in PAO sequential polymer usage, staged maintenance-decay, and glycolysis-TCA pathway shifts. The iEBPR model was first calibrated against bulk batch testing experiment data, being proved to perform better than the previous EBPR model for predicting the soluble orthoP, ammonia, biomass glycogen, and PHA temporal profiles in a batch starvation testing under prolonged anaerobic conditions. We further validated the model with another independent set of batch anaerobic batch testing data that included high-resolution single-cell and specific population level intracellular polymer measurements enabled by the single-cell Raman micro-spectroscopy technique. The model accurately predicted the temporal changes in the intracellular polymers at cellular and population levels within PAOs and GAOs, and further confirmed the proposed mechanism of sequential polymer utilization, and polymer availability-dependent and staged maintenance-decay in PAOs. These results indicate that under extended anaerobic phases as in S2EBPR, the PAOs may gain competitive advantages over GAOs due to the possession of multiple intracellular polymers and the adaptive switching of the anaerobic metabolic pathways that consequently lead to the later and slower decay in PAOs than GAOs. The iEBPR model can be applied to facilitate and optimize the design and operations of S2EBPR for more reliable nutrient removal and recovery from wastewater.
W/V-band reconfigurable array using highly anisotropic liquid crystals (2016)

A Liquid Crystal (LC) based reconfigurable antenna array design at W/V-band is presented in this paper. The array exhibits both frequency tuning and beam steering due to the dielectric anisotropy of the LC at microwave frequencies. The design of the array is optimized to ensure reconfiguration while having the least number of connections to DC sources. The array is fed using a Grounded Coplanar Waveguide (GCPW) feed.
Software prefetching and caching for translation lookaside buffers (1994)

A number of interacting trends in operating system structure, processor architecture, and memory systems are increasing both the rate of translation lookaside buffer (TLB) misses and the cost of servicing amiss. This paper presents two novel software schemes, implemented under Mach 3.0, to decrease both the number and the cost of kernel TLB misses (i.e., misses on kernel data structures, including user page tables). The first scheme is a new use of prefetching for TLB entries on the IPC path, and the second scheme is a new use of software caching of TLB entries for hierarchical page table organizations.For a range of applications, prefetching decreases the number of kernel TLB misses by 40% to 50%, and caching decreases TLB penalties by providing a fast path for over 90% of the misses. Our caching scheme also decreases the number of nested TLB traps due to the page table hierarchy, reducing the number of kernel TLB miss traps for applications by 20% to 40%. Prefetching and caching, when used alone, each improve application performance by up to 3.5%; when used together, they improve application performance by up to 3%. On synthetic benchmarks that involve frequent communication among several different address spaces (and thus put more pressure on the TLB), prefetching improves overall performance by about 6%, caching improves overall performance by about 10%, and the two used together improve overall performance by about 12%.Our techniques are very effective in reducing kernel TLB penalties, which currently range from 1% to 5% of application runtime for the benchmarks studied. Since processor speeds continue to increase relative to memory speeds, our schemes should be even more effective in improving application performance in future architectures.
Withdrawal of Warfarin prior to a Surgical Procedure: Time to Follow the Guidelines? (2005)

Patients at high risk of cardioembolic cerebral infarction may benefit from more intensive management strategies to reduce cerebral infarction risk during periprocedural periods.
Real-time hybrid simulation of manufacturing systems for performance analysis and control (2015)

Simulation is a common way to analyze the performance of a manufacturing system. On a system level, entities are modeled based on production and failure rates using Discrete Event Simulation (DES). On a machine level, the Continuous Dynamics (CD) of machines are studied based on position, velocity, and acceleration. However, these models are usually run separately, losing key information that could be used for more accurate control of the system performance. In this paper, we merge DES and CD in a single hybrid simulation environment. By synchronizing the simulations to run in realtime, the results can be compared with information from the plant floor. Using the simulation outcome as a reference, any significant deviation of the plant floor performance would represent an error and would trigger an event that can be automated or inform an operator of a required action.
Key mutations stabilize antigen‐binding conformation during affinity maturation of a broadly neutralizing influenza antibody lineage (2014)

Affinity maturation, the process in which somatic hypermutation and positive selection generate antibodies with increasing affinity for an antigen, is pivotal in acquired humoral immunity. We have studied the mechanism of affinity gain in a human B-cell lineage in which two main maturation pathways, diverging from a common ancestor, lead to three mature antibodies that neutralize a broad range of H1 influenza viruses. Previous work showed that increased affinity in the mature antibodies derives primarily from stabilization of the CDR H3 loop in the antigen-binding conformation. We have now used molecular dynamics simulations and existing crystal structures to identify potentially key maturation mutations, and we have characterized their effects on the CDR H3 loop and on antigen binding using further simulations and experimental affinity measurements, respectively. In the two maturation pathways, different contacts between light and heavy chains stabilize the CDR H3 loop. As few as two single-site mutations in each pathway can confer substantial loop stability, but none of them confers experimentally detectable stability on its own. Our results support models of the germinal center reaction in which two or more mutations can occur without concomitant selection and show how divergent pathways have yielded functionally equivalent antibodies.
Measurement of electroweak $$ Z\left(\nu \overline{\nu}\right)\gamma jj $$ production and limits on anomalous quartic gauge couplings in pp collisions at $$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector (2023)

A bstract The electroweak production of $$ Z\left(\nu \overline{\nu}\right)\gamma $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>Z</mml:mi> <mml:mfenced> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>ν</mml:mi> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>ν</mml:mi> <mml:mo>¯</mml:mo> </mml:mover> </mml:mrow> </mml:mfenced> <mml:mi>γ</mml:mi> </mml:math> in association with two jets is studied in a regime with a photon of high transverse momentum above 150 GeV using proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV at the Large Hadron Collider. The analysis uses a data sample with an integrated luminosity of 139 fb − 1 collected by the ATLAS detector during the 2015–2018 LHC data-taking period. This process is an important probe of the electroweak symmetry breaking mechanism in the Standard Model and is sensitive to quartic gauge boson couplings via vector-boson scattering. The fiducial $$ Z\left(\nu \overline{\nu}\right)\gamma jj $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>Z</mml:mi> <mml:mfenced> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>ν</mml:mi> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>ν</mml:mi> <mml:mo>¯</mml:mo> </mml:mover> </mml:mrow> </mml:mfenced> <mml:mi>γjj</mml:mi> </mml:math> cross section for electroweak production is measured to be $$ {0.77}_{-0.30}^{+0.34} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mn>0.77</mml:mn> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.30</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.34</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> fb and is consistent with the Standard Model prediction. Evidence of electroweak $$ Z\left(\nu \overline{\nu}\right)\gamma jj $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>Z</mml:mi> <mml:mfenced> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>ν</mml:mi> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>ν</mml:mi> <mml:mo>¯</mml:mo> </mml:mover> </mml:mrow> </mml:mfenced> <mml:mi>γjj</mml:mi> </mml:math> production is found with an observed significance of 3.2 σ for the background-only hypothesis, compared with an expected significance of 3.7 σ . The combination of this result with the previously published ATLAS observation of electroweak $$ Z\left(\nu \overline{\nu}\right)\gamma jj $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>Z</mml:mi> <mml:mfenced> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>ν</mml:mi> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>ν</mml:mi> <mml:mo>¯</mml:mo> </mml:mover> </mml:mrow> </mml:mfenced> <mml:mi>γjj</mml:mi> </mml:math> production yields an observed (expected) signal significance of 6.3 σ (6.6 σ ). Limits on anomalous quartic gauge boson couplings are obtained in the framework of effective field theory with dimension-8 operators.
The role of altered microbial signaling via mutant NODs in intestinal inflammation (2006)

The cellular and tissue distribution of NOD molecules as well as their role in regulating inflammatory cytokine release renders these proteins particularly important in controlling the development of inflammatory reactions. This is confirmed by the discovery that mutations in the genes that code for NOD1 and NOD2 confer increased susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease. We will discuss NOD2 involvement in the development of Crohn's disease.
Simultaneous Dorsal Dislocation of the Interphalangeal Joints in a Finger: Case Report and Review of the Literature (1988)

A case report and review of the English literature on the simultaneous dorsal dislocation of the interphalangeal joints of the finger are presented. This injury usually occurs on the ulnar side of the hand of young male athletes. It is easily reduced by a closed technique, although slight limitation of motion and joint swelling may persist.
Advanced Techniques in Musculoskeletal Oncology: Perfusion, Diffusion, and Spectroscopy (2015)

The imaging characterization of musculoskeletal tumors can be challenging, and a significant number of lesions remain indeterminate when conventional imaging protocols are used. In recent years, clinical availability of functional imaging methods has increased. Functional imaging has the potential to improve tumor detection, characterization, and follow-up. The most frequently used functional methods are perfusion imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and MR proton spectroscopy (MRS). Each of these techniques has specific protocol requirements and diagnostic pitfalls that need to be acknowledged to avoid misdiagnoses. Additionally, the application of functional methods in the MSK system has various technical issues that need to be addressed to ensure data quality and comparability. In this article, the application of contrast-enhanced perfusion imaging, DWI, and MRS for the evaluation of bone and soft tissue tumors is discussed, with emphasis on acquisition protocols, technical difficulties, and current clinical indications.
On cheating immune secret sharing (2004)

This work addresses the problem of cheating prevention in secret sharing. The scheme is said to be k-cheating immune if any group of k cheaters has no advantage over honest participants. In this paper we study the constraints of cheating immune secret sharing schemes. We give a necessary\nand sufficient condition for SSSs to be cheating immune. Then, we improve the upper bound of D’Arco et. al on the number of cheaters tolerated in such scheme. Our proof is much simpler than the proof of D’Arco et. al and relies on certain properties of cryptographic Boolean functions. As a result of independent interest we provide a condition given function to be t-resilient and to satisfy the propagation criterion of degree l over any finite field.
Poly(3‐hydroxybutirate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate)–Polystyrene Hybrid Nanoparticles via Miniemulsion Polymerization (2015)

Hybrid polymer nanoparticles were obtained by miniemulsion polymerization of styrene with poly(3‐hydroxybutirate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV). Lower polymerization rates were obtained with the gradual addition of PHBV. These results were represented by simulations using a mathematical model that takes into account grafting reactions between the growing polymeric chains and PHBV double bonds (reduced molar mass). Hybrid nanoparticles presented average diameters of up to 113 nm and grafting yield of 94.4%. The hybrid fractions obtained by Selective Soxhlet Extraction were characterized with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Transmission Electron Microscopy. Blend nanoparticles were used to confirm the hybrid formation.
Thoracoscopic Techniques for the Treatment of Scoliosis: Early Results in Procedure Development (2002)

OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to determine the effectiveness of an endoscopic option for anterior approaches to the thoracolumbar spine for scoliosis treatment. Fifty patients with 24 to 45 months of follow-up data were retrospectively studied. Techniques for endoscopic treatment of spinal disorders have been under development since 1993. The benefits of thoracoscopic surgery for the treatment of spinal deformities have been documented as improved observation of the spine, enhanced access to the extremes of the curve, decreased operative times and blood losses, shorter hospital stays and recuperative periods, and decreased overall costs. After more than 150 endoscopic procedures for the treatment of these spinal deformities had been performed, the next step was to develop a thoracoscopic technique for instrumentation, correction, and fusion for the treatment of primary thoracic scoliosis. Our goal has been to develop a safe, reproducible, and effective endoscopic technique for the treatment of scoliosis that can provide equal or better outcomes, compared with formal open surgical techniques. METHODS Between October 1996 and October 1998, 50 patients with a diagnosis of primary thoracic scoliosis were selected to undergo thoracoscopic instrumentation, correction, and fusion. Postoperatively, patients were assessed with respect to restoration of spinal alignment, axial derotation, pain management, and incidence of complications. RESULTS Endoscopic instrumentation was successfully performed for all patients. Curve correction averaged 50.2%, improving to 68.6% in the last 10 cases. Patients with hypokyphosis averaged 20.7 degrees of correction. The preoperative axial rotation (as measured with a scoliometer) averaged 16 degrees, which was corrected to 5 degrees. Postoperative pain was less, and patients could discontinue the use of all pain medications by 1 to 3 weeks, compared with patients who underwent formal open procedures, who required pain medication for 6 to 12 weeks. The hospital stays averaged 2.9 days. Our initial complication rate was high, which could be attributed to the development of a new technique. Keys to successful fusions include total discectomy, complete endplate removal, and the use of autogenous bone graft. CONCLUSION Although these techniques are still in early development, the initial results for our thoracoscopic techniques are promising. With experience, surgical times are decreasing and fusion and curve correction rates are improving. With further evolution, patients should realize shortened hospitalizations, decreased rehabilitation times, and decreased levels of postoperative pain. This is a technically demanding procedure that requires demonstrated skills in endoscopic discectomy and fusion.
Refined Crystal Structure of the Interleukin‐1 Receptor Antagonist (1995)

Interleukin‐I (IL‐1) molecules are cytokines involved in the acute‐phase response against infection and injury. Three naturally occurring IL‐1 molecules are known, two agonists: IL‐1α and IL‐1β, and one antagonist, the 1L‐1 receptor antagonist (IL‐1ra). Although IL‐1 action protects the organism by enhancing the response to pathogens, its overproduction can lead to pathology and has been implicated in disease states that include septic shock, rheumatoid arthritis, graft versus host disease and certain leukemias. The crystal structure of IL‐1ra has been solved at 0.21‐nm resolution by molecular replacement using the IL‐1β structure as a search model. The crystals contain two independent IL‐1ra molecules which are very similar, IL‐1ra has the same fold as IL‐1α and IL‐1β. The fold consists of twelve β‐strands which form a six‐stranded β‐barrel, closed on one side by three β‐hairpin loops. Cys69 and Cys116 are linked via a disulfide bond and Pro53 has been built in the cisconformation. Comparison of the IL‐1ra structure with the IL‐1α and IL‐1β structures present in the Protein Data Bank shows that a putative receptor interaction region, involving the N‐terminus up to the beginning of strand β1 and the loops D and G, is very different in the three IL‐1 molecules. Other putative interaction regions, as identified with mutagenesis studies, are structurally conserved and rigid, allowing precise and specific interactions with the IL‐1 receptor.
Detecting LTE-U Duty Cycling Misbehavior for Fair Sharing with Wi-Fi in Shared Bands (2017)

Coexistence of Wi-Fi and LTE Unlicensed (LTE-U) in shared or unlicensed bands has drawn growing attention from both academia and industry. An important consideration is fairness between Wi-Fi and duty cycled LTE-U, which is often defined in terms of channel access time, as adopted by the LTE-U Forum. Despite many studies on duty cycle adaptation design for fair sharing, one crucial fact has often been neglected: LTE-U systems unilaterally control LTE-U duty cycles; hence, as self- interested users, they have incentives to misbehave, e.g., transmitting with a larger duty cycle that exceeds a given limit, so as to gain a greater share in channel access time and throughput. In this paper, we propose a scheme that allows the spectrum manager managing the shared bands to estimate the duty cycle of a target LTE-U cell based on PHY layer observations from a nearby Wi-Fi AP, without interrupting normal Wi-Fi operations. We further propose a thresholding scheme to detect duty cycling misbehavior (i.e., determining if the duty cycle exceeds the assigned limit), and analyze its performance in terms of detection and false alarm probabilities. The proposed schemes are implemented in ns3 and evaluated with extensive simulations. Our results show that the proposed scheme provides an estimate within +/- 1% of the true duty cycle, and detects misbehavior with a duty cycle 2.8% higher than the limit with a detection probability of at least 95%, while keeping the false alarm probability less than or equal to 1%.