gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Portrait of an Online Shopper: Understanding and Predicting Consumer\n Behavior (2015)

Consumer spending accounts for a large fraction of the US economic activity.\nIncreasingly, consumer activity is moving to the web, where digital traces of\nshopping and purchases provide valuable data about consumer behavior. We\nanalyze these data extracted from emails and combine them with demographic\ninformation to characterize, model, and predict consumer behavior. Breaking\ndown purchasing by age and gender, we find that the amount of money spent on\nonline purchases grows sharply with age, peaking in late 30s. Men are more\nfrequent online purchasers and spend more money when compared to women. Linking\nonline shopping to income, we find that shoppers from more affluent areas\npurchase more expensive items and buy them more frequently, resulting in\nsignificantly more money spent on online purchases. We also look at dynamics of\npurchasing behavior and observe daily and weekly cycles in purchasing behavior,\nsimilarly to other online activities.\n More specifically, we observe temporal patterns in purchasing behavior\nsuggesting shoppers have finite budgets: the more expensive an item, the longer\nthe shopper waits since the last purchase to buy it. We also observe that\nshoppers who email each other purchase more similar items than socially\nunconnected shoppers, and this effect is particularly evident among women.\nFinally, we build a model to predict when shoppers will make a purchase and how\nmuch will spend on it. We find that temporal features improve prediction\naccuracy over competitive baselines. A better understanding of consumer\nbehavior can help improve marketing efforts and make online shopping more\npleasant and efficient.\n
Proteomic Profiling of Lipopolysaccharide-Activated Macrophages by Isotope Coded Affinity Tagging (2010)

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a glycolipid component of the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria, initiates proinflammatory, proapoptotic, and antiapoptotic pathways upon binding to macrophage TLR4. Macrophages that are exposed to LPS become activated and exhibit altered morphology and response to infection. We performed isotope coded affinity tagging (ICAT), multidimensional liquid chromatography, and mass spectrometry to identify proteins that are differently expressed between naive and LPS-activated macrophages. We performed replicate ICAT analyses on RAW 264.7 cultured mouse macrophages as well as C57BL/6 bone marrow derived mouse macrophages. We identified and obtained relative abundances for 1064 proteins, of which we identified 36 as having significantly different expression levels upon activation by LPS. We also compared our results with a two color microarray gene expression assay performed by the Institute for Systems Biology and observed approximately 75% agreement between mRNA transcription and protein expression regarding up- or down-regulation of gene products. We used Western blot analysis to confirm the findings of ICAT and mRNA for one protein, sequestosome 1, the cellular concentration of which was observed to increase upon activation by LPS.
Inhibition of Giardia intestinalis by Extracellular Factors from Lactobacilli: an In Vitro Study (2001)

The aim of the present work was to evaluate the effect of spent culture supernatants of different strains of lactobacilli on giardia trophozoites. The growth of Giardia intestinalis strain WB, as well as the attachment to the human intestinal epithelial cell line Caco-2, was evaluated by using proliferation and adhesion assays with radiolabeled parasites. In addition, scanning electron microscopy and flow cytometric analysis were performed. The effect of spent culture supernatants from lactobacilli was strain dependent. Lactobacillus johnsonii La1 significantly inhibited the proliferation of G. intestinalis trophozoites. Although the effect was strongly pH dependent, it was not simply due to lactic acid. According to flow cytometric analysis, trophozoites were arrested in G(1) phase but neither significant necrosis nor apoptosis could be detected. Bacterial cells or their spent culture supernatants were unable to modify trophozoite attachment to Caco-2 cells. However, trophozoites treated with spent culture supernatants had little, if any, proliferative capacity. These results suggest that La1 produces some substance(s) able to inhibit proliferation of Giardia trophozoites. Partial characterization of the factors involved in the antigiardiasic action showed that they have a low molecular mass and are inactivated by heating. On this basis, it seems worthwhile to explore how colonization of the proximal small bowel with these lactic acid bacteria could interfere with giardiasis in vivo.
A simple statistical analysis of wavelet-based multifractal spectrum estimation (2002)

The multifractal spectrum characterizes the scaling and singularity structures of signals and proves useful in numerous applications, from network traffic analysis to turbulence. Of great concern is the estimation of the spectrum from a finite data record. We derive asymptotic expressions for the bias and variance of a wavelet-based estimator for a fractional Brownian motion (fBm) process. Numerous numerical simulations demonstrate the accuracy and utility of our results.
Phenolic Compounds from Salix sachalinensis (1990)

TWO n e w glucosides of phenolic compounds, sachalisides 1 (1) and 2 (21, were isolated from the bark of Salix sachalinensis and their structures were established by the spectroscopi~ analysis.The aglycone moiety of sachaliside 2 was a new type skeleton consisting of C6-C3-C6-C3-C6 units (flavan-3-01 substituted with phenylpropanoid on the A-ring).In the continuation of our chemotaxonomic studies on Salicaceous plant^,"^ we have revealed the intraspecific chemical variations in Salix sachalinensis on the basis of the chemical constituents in their leaves.3For the advanced characterization of two chemical races in & sachalinen&, phenollc compounds in the bark and the woods were investigated.Nine compounds including two novel phenolics were isolated and characterized.Plant materials4 were collected in November, 1987 at Takane-mura.Ohno-gun.Gifuprefecture, Japan.From a methanolic extract of the bark, two new compounds (1 and 2) were isolated together with quercetin, myricetin, taxifolin, (+I-catechin and (+)-gallocatechin.Compound (1 was also obtained from a methanolic extract of the wood besides 2 , 6 -d i m e t h o x y -p -h y d r o g ~i n o n e -l -0 -~~~-g 1 ~~o p y r a n o ~i d e .~ Compound (1 was obtained as colorless needles, mp 152-152.5 'C from acetone.In the 'H nmr spectrum, an A2H2 system at 7.25 ppm and 6.71 ppm(J = 8.8 Hz) and an ABXY system at 6.53(d, J = 15.8Hz), 6.11(dt, J = 15.8 and 5.5 Hz).4.39 and 4.15 ppm (each dd, J = 5.5 and 12.5 Hz) indicated the presence of a p c o u m a r y l alcohol
Design and modeling of micro-glassblown inverted-wineglass structures (2014)

This paper reports analytical and finite element models for predicting the final 3-D geometry of micro-glassblown inverted-wineglass and hemi-toroidal structures from a set of initial conditions. Using these methods critical geometric param-eters for wineglass resonator and gyroscope operation, such as shell thickness, shell height, stem type (hollow/solid), and stem diameter can be estimated from initial parameters. Analytical models for first order calculation of shell height and minor radius, as well as finite element models based on Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) methods for calculating the thickness of the shell and diameter of the stem structure are presented. Developed models were validated against fabricated micro-glassblown structures and showed better than 10 % match to experimental results. Methods presented in this paper can be used to design micro-glassblown wineglass resonators with specific dimensions and resonance frequencies, essentially taking the guesswork out of the design process and significantly lowering the development time.
Cryoablation of Barrett’s Esophagus (2009)

Cryotherapy or the application of exceptionally cold temperatures for tissue destruction has long been used as a mainstay therapy in a wide variety of medical fields such as dermatology, gynecology, and otolaryngology. However, not until relatively recently over the past decade has the use of cryotherapy in therapeutic endoscopy been seriously investigated. Beginning with seminal work at Johns Hopkins in the early 1990 s, this treatment modality is now increasingly being evaluated for human use in the ablation of Barrett’s esophagus (BE), vascular abnormalities, and the treatment and palliation of gastric and esophageal malignancy. This chapter will focus on the application of this therapy for Barrett’s esophagus.
Theory of Stark shifts in quantum wells consisting of highly anisotropic molecular-crystalline layers (1993)

We introduce a simple model to calculate the Stark shift in multiple quantum wells consisting of highly anisotropic and optically nonlinear molecular-crystalline layers. This model is used to calculate the exciton absorption peak in quantum-well structures consisting of the archetype planar molecular compounds; 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 3,4,7,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic-bis-benzimidazole, and copper phthalocyanine. We find that the exciton absorption peak shifts by 60 to 70 meV in an electric field of ${10}^{6}$ V/cm. We also find that both redshifts and blueshifts are achieved for asymmetrical quantum-well structures.
Architecture for high performance stereoscopic game rendering on Android (2014)

Stereoscopic gaming is a popular source of content for consumer 3D display systems. There has been a significant shift in the gaming industry towards casual games for mobile devices running on the Android&trade; Operating System and driven by ARM&trade; and other low power processors. Such systems are now being integrated directly into the next generation of 3D TVs potentially removing the requirement for an external games console. Although native stereo support has been integrated into some high profile titles on established platforms like Windows PC and PS3 there is a lack of GPU independent 3D support for the emerging Android platform. We describe a framework for enabling stereoscopic 3D gaming on Android for applications on mobile devices, set top boxes and TVs. A core component of the architecture is a 3D game driver, which is integrated into the Android OpenGL&trade; ES graphics stack to convert existing 2D graphics applications into stereoscopic 3D in real-time. The architecture includes a method of analyzing 2D games and using rule based Artificial Intelligence (AI) to position separate objects in 3D space. We describe an innovative stereo 3D rendering technique to separate the views in the depth domain and render directly into the display buffer. The advantages of the stereo renderer are demonstrated by characterizing the performance in comparison to more traditional render techniques, including depth based image rendering, both in terms of frame rates and impact on battery consumption.
Diode Lasers for Industrial Spectroscopy (1995)

Visible/near-infrared diode lasers are well-suited for use as spectroscopic light sources in detection of a wide variety of gases by measurement of optical absorption. The high spectral resolution of these devices permits the selective detection of targeted species, while their characteristics of relatively low cost, room temperature operation, and compatibility with fiber optics make them attractive for instrument development. The nominal range of available wavelengths (presently ~0.63 −~2.0 μ m for commercially available devices that operate at room temperature) includes absorption bands of numerous gas species that need to be monitored to meet various industrial objectives (e.g. process control, emissions monitoring, toxic gas detection, etc.) While the molecular absorption bands in this spectral region consist mostly of relatively weak overtone or combination bands (some electronic bands are accessible at the shorter wavelengths), detection sensitivities of about 1 ppm-meter or better can be achieved for many gases using frequency or wavelength modulation techniques that permit routine measurement of small optical absorbances. 1 - 2 Sub-ppm measurement sensitivities are easily achieved using simple optical multipass designs if necessary. A partial list of industrially significant gases that may be measured by this approach includes oxygen, water vapor, methane, acetylene, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen halides, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and nitrogen oxides (both NO and NO 2 ). Diode laser- based instruments for measurement of some of these species in process control or environmental monitoring applications are now commercially available.
RANGE EXPANSION OF THE FIRE ANT DECAPITATING FLY, PSEUDACTEON TRICUSPIS, EIGHT TO NINE YEARS AFTER RELEASES IN NORTH FLORIDA (2006)

In the fall of 2005 and the spring of 2006, the fire ant decapitating fly Pseudacteon tricuspis (Diptera: Phoridae) was observed 145-275 km out from the original release sites in northern Florida, occupying an area of about 86,500 km2. Average expansion rates of 26-57 km/year were considerably faster than previous observations. Considering these rates and other releases, we estimate that almost all of the state of Florida will harbor resident populations of P. tricuspis in the next 3 to 5 years.
Coded distributed computing for inverse problems (2017)

Computationally intensive distributed and parallel computing is often bottlenecked by a small set of slow workers known as stragglers. In this paper, we utilize the emerging idea of computation to design a novel error-correcting-code inspired technique for solving linear inverse problems under specific iterative methods in a parallelized implementation affected by stragglers. Example machine-learning applications include inverse problems such as personalized PageRank and sampling on graphs. We provably show that our coded-computation technique can reduce the mean-squared error under a computational deadline constraint. In fact, the ratio of mean-squared error of replication-based and coded techniques diverges to infinity as the deadline increases. Our experiments for personalized PageRank performed on real systems and real social networks show that this ratio can be as large as 104. Further, unlike coded-computation techniques proposed thus far, our strategy combines outputs of all workers, including the stragglers, to produce more accurate estimates at the computational deadline. This also ensures that the accuracy degrades gracefully in the event that the number of stragglers is large.
Low THD multipliers for BCM buck and cascaded buck-boost PFC converters (2017)

Boundary conduction mode control is a convenient and low cost method for realizing power factor correction in boost and flyback converters. A signal proportional to the input sinusoid is used as a reference for shaping an inductor current. For a boost converter, this renders the input current to be sinusoidal, but it causes distortion in Flyback and buck derived converters. Mathematically, it can be shown that a different multiplier is needed for buck derived and Flyback converters to achieve a sinusoidal input current. In this paper, we develop peak current reference multipliers for Boundary Conduction Mode (BCM) control of buck derived converters. These multipliers are to be implemented in typical low cost BCM controllers. We derive a new multiplier for a buck PFC, and extend this to a cascaded buck boost (also known as a four switch buck boost) PFC as a composite multiplier. For the cascaded buck boost, we also implement a control scheme to handle the transition between buck and boost modes. We provide experimental results in both topologies.
Sublimation Thermodynamic Parameters for Cholesterol, Ergosterol, β-Sitosterol, and Stigmasterol (2008)

Vapor pressure and enthalpies of sublimation data for sterols are desirable engineering parameters in the separation of sterols from plant materials by vacuum pyrolysis or supercritical fluid extraction. In this study, vapor pressures of cholesterol, ergosterol, β-sitosterol, and stigmasterol were measured by an isothermal Knudsen effusion method. The vapor pressure correlations were fitted to the following equations: cholesterol ln(p/Pa)= −17136/(T/K) + 39.88 (from (386 to 414) K); ergosterol ln(p/Pa)= −17686/(T/K) + 40.61 (from (381 to 412) K); β-sitosterol ln(p/Pa) = −17295/(T/K) + 39.7 (from (389 to 410) K); and stigmasterol ln(p/Pa) = −20254/(T/K) + 46.31 (from (390 to 417) K).
Portable Alcohol Detection Device with Breath Recognition for Smart Keys (2019)

We have developed a portable breath-based alcohol detection device that can easily determine whether a person has consumed alcohol. The device consists of a sensor to detect saturated water vapor in human breath and three semiconductor gas sensors to detect ethanol, acetaldehyde, and hydrogen. The device can determine whether the gas introduced into it is human exhaled breath and can detect the alcohol level at the same time. This ensures that the sample is of a person’s breath, not an artificial source. The selected gas sensors exhibited low relative standard deviation (RSD) for the repeated measurements. Each gas concentration is calculated using an algorithm based on a differential evolution method with a measurement accuracy of approximately ±5 ppm. These functions can be integrated into a smart key.
Homogeneous antibodies directed against human cell surface antigens: I. The mouse spleen fragment culture response to T and B cell lines derived from the same individual (1977)

Abstract The use of the mouse spleen fragment culture system is extended to the production of antibodies to human lymphoblastoid cell lines. These antibodies were tested for reactivity against the immunizing cell line, and against a second cell line which had been derived from the same human blood sample. Many of the antibodies were found to discriminate between the 2 isogenic lines. These results demonstrate the potential of the mouse spleen fragment culture system to provide homogeneous reagents which detect distinguishing markers on closely related human cells.
Immunologic Glycosphingolipidomics and NKT Cell Development in Mouse Thymus (2009)

Invariant NKT cells are a hybrid cell type of Natural Killer cells and T cells, whose development is dependent on thymic positive selection mediated by double positive thymocytes through their recognition of natural ligands presented by CD1d, a nonpolymorphic, non-MHC, MHC-like antigen presenting molecule. Genetic evidence suggested that beta-glucosylceramide derived glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are natural ligands for NKT cells. N-butyldeoxygalactonojirimycin (NB-DGJ), a drug that specifically inhibits the glucosylceramide synthase, inhibits the endogenous ligands for NKT cells. Furthermore, we and others have found a beta-linked glycosphingolipid, isoglobotriaosylceramide (iGb3), is a stimulatory NKT ligand. The iGb3 synthase knockout mice have a normal NKT development and function, indicating that other ligands exist and remain to be identified. In this study, we have performed a glycosphingolipidomics study of mouse thymus, and studied mice mutants which are deficient in beta-hexosaminidase b or alpha-galactosidase A, two glycosidases that are up- and downstream agents of iGb3 turnover, respectively. Our mass spectrometry methods generated a first database for glycosphingolipids expressed in mouse thymus, which are specifically regulated by rate-limiting glycosidases. Among the identified thymic glycosphingolipids, only iGb3 is a stimulatory ligand for NKT cells, suggesting that large-scale fractionation, enrichment and characterization of minor species of glycosphingolipids are necessary for identifying additional ligands for NKT cells. Our results also provide early insights into cellular lipidomics studies, with a specific focus on the important immunological functions of glycosphingolipids.
Development of Remote Machine System with Sense of Oneness (2021)

We previously proposed a visual haptics technology which overlays visual images on the contact points of the remote machine hand with the augmented reality (AR) technology and demonstrated the effectiveness through in-house virtual reality (VR) experiments across multiple subjects. In this paper, we introduce our additional VR training/verification application of the remote machine system for an effective design and operation, to show more rigorous evaluation results of training effect by the proposed visual haptics through the analysis of brain wave signals. It is experimentally verified that our method can significantly reduce information flow in the brain analyzed by Smooth Coherence Transform (SCoT) and Cognitive Load Index (CLI) up to 34% and 43%, respectively. It suggests that the proposed visual haptics can contribute to improving the performance of our remote machine system by decreasing the task burden of user's manipulation.
Sequence comparison of an Australian duck hepatitis B virus strain with other avian hepadnaviruses (2001)

The genome of an Australian strain of duck hepatitis B virus (AusDHBV) was cloned from a pool of congenitally DHBV-infected-duck serum, fully sequenced and found by phylogenetic analyses to belong to the 'Chinese' DHBV branch of the avian hepadnaviruses. Sequencing of the Pre-S/S gene of four additional AusDHBV clones demonstrated that the original clone (pBL4.8) was representative of the virus present in the pool, and a head-to-tail dimer of the clone was infectious when inoculated into newly hatched ducks. When the published sequences of 20 avian hepadnaviruses were compared, substitutions or deletions in the polymerase (POL) gene were most frequent in the 500 nt segment encoding the 'spacer' domain that overlaps with the Pre-S domain of the Pre-S/S gene in a different reading frame. In contrast, substitutions and deletions were rare within the adjacent segment that encodes the reverse transcriptase domain of the POL protein and the S domain of the envelope protein, presumably because they are more often deleterious.
Signature line detection in scanned documents (2016)

In this paper, we present an algorithm to determine the signature line in scanned documents through a fast and computationally efficient technique. To that effect, the algorithm consists of three modules, namely pre-processing, candidate line detection and classification. Preprocessing in this case consists of hard thresholding, which is essential to line detection in the next module. The Hough transform for a single angle (horizontal) is utilized in the line detection module. Connected component analysis is utilized to merge detected Hough lines belonging to the same line on the document. Finally, the classification module attempts to classify each line as a signature line or not. This is accomplished using Histogram of a Gradient (HoG) features and a Euclidean distance measure for comparison. Prior data for this similarity comparison consists of images of target text in different font sizes and styles. The proposed algorithm showed favorable results in terms of precision and accuracy.
Piv study of mixing characteristics in a stirred vessel with a non-Newtonian fluid (2012)

PIV is used to analyze the flow induced by a Rushton turbine in a shear-thinning fluid, at constant input power, constant impeller velocity but different concentrations. The rheology of each shear-thinning fluid is first addressed. The mean velocity fields are compared. POD methodology is applied to estimate coherent structures and turbulence levels. Finally, the heterogeneity of shear rate is estimated and the spatial distribution of dissipation rate of total kinetic energy is addressed.