gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fractures of the Proximal Part of the Femur (1994)

The orthopaedic surgeon has a multitude of internal fixation devices and techniques available for use in the treatment of subtrochanteric fractures of the proximal femur. The successful use of second-generation locking nails is technically demanding. Close attention to positioning of the patient, reduction of the fracture, placement of the guide-wire, and insertion of the nail and of the proximal and distal locking screws is mandatory. The newer, high-strength hip-screws allow good fixation of a fracture that extends into the piriformis fossa. If medial comminution is present, this technique is best performed in conjunction with indirect reduction and bone-grafting. With proper technique, these devices allow the surgeon to manage predictably a complex subtrochanteric fracture that previously had to be treated with traction or extensive dissection and with (frequently inadequate) internal fixation.
The potential of cutting regimes to control problem weeds and enhance species diversity in an arable field margin buffer strip (2011)

T armi S, H elenius J &amp; H yvönen T (2011). The potential of cutting regimes to control problem weeds and enhance species diversity in an arable field margin buffer strip. Weed Research 51 , 641–649. Summary Buffer zones in arable land could promote biodiversity of agricultural areas. These are most often established with sown seed mixtures of grasses and herb species. We studied the impact of cutting management and the role of the seedbank on plant species diversity of a sown buffer strip. Two main hypotheses H 1 were tested in this study: (i) sward cutting and removal have positive effects on plant species diversity in a buffer zone adjacent to a cultivated field and (ii) the buffer zone soil seedbank and adjacent grassland act as a species source for the managed buffer zone. After 5 years of management, the number of species was significantly higher and the litter coverage significantly lower in plots mown yearly with cuttings removed than in mown plots with the cuttings left or an uncut control. The abundance of Elymus repens was not affected by the cutting management. To reduce E . repens probably needs cutting more frequently than once per year. Cutting management did not reduce easily‐soluble phosphorus in soils. For species colonisation, adjacent grassland played a more important role than the soil seedbank. We conclude that, in this study, the reduced litter cover, together with adjacent sources of species, resulted in the gradual increase in species diversity in the species‐poor buffer habitat. This study took place in a single location and similar studies in additional locations would be helpful in assessing the generality of our results. On the evidence of this study, the contract periods of agri‐environmental schemes should be longer than 5 years to ensure cutting does result in positive benefits for the management of biodiversity.
ChemInform Abstract: ALKOXYFLUOROPHOSPHORANES. 3. SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SOME DI‐, TRI‐, AND TETRAALKOXYFLUOROPHOSPHORANES (1977)

Abstract Die Dialkoxydifluorphosphorane (III) werden durch die 1:2‐molare Umsetzung der Tetrafluorphosphorane (I) mit den Alkoxysilane (II) gebildet, isoliert und NMR‐, IR‐ sowie massenspektroskopisch und durch Element analyse charakterisiert.
Effect of biaxial tensile extension on superhydrophobicity of rayon knitted fabrics (2016)

Superhydrophobicity is generally dependent on a material's surface energy and surface roughness, which controls the formation of a stable composite interface with air pockets between the solid substrate and liquid.
On the Hardness of Graph Anonymization (2011)

In this paper, we examine the problem of node re-identification from anonymized graphs. Typical graphs encountered in real applications are massive and sparse. In this paper, we will show that massive and sparse graphs have certain theoretical properties which make them susceptible to re-identification attacks. We design a systematic way to exploit these theoretical properties in order to construct re- identification signatures, which are also known as characteristic vectors. These signatures have the property that they are extremely robust to perturbations, especially for massive and sparse graphs. Our results show that even low levels of anonymization require perturbation levels which are significant enough to result in a massive loss of utility. Our experimental results also show that the true anonymization level of graphs is much lower than is implied by measures such as k-anonymity. Thus, the results of this paper establish that the problem of massive graph anonymization has fundamental theoretical barriers which prevent a fully effective solution.
Lack of correlation between markers of breast cancer initiating cells (2010)

Retrospective studies on male breast cancer (MBC) have suff ered from small numbers of cases available from any one centre; thus a signifi cant problem in eff ectively studying this disease is accruing suffi ciently large numbers to allow comparative analysis of biomarkers associated with response. Using a coordinated multicentre approach, we present the fi rst large-scale study to address the relevance of the expression of hormone receptors in MBC and female breast cancer (FBC) using immunohistochemistry combined with a novel bioinformatics approach. Following ethical approval, 523 archival blocks (260 MBCs and 263 matched FBCs) were obtained retrospectively. Tissue microarrays were constructed and sections stained for ER, ER1, ER2, ER5, total PR, PRA, PRB and AR and typed using CK5/6, CK14, CK18 and CK19 by immunohistochemistry. Following scoring, a range of ordination techniques were conducted on the datasets including hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis (PCA) to determine the diff erential nature of infl uences and interactions between MBC and FBC. Luminal A subgroup (ER + and/or PR + , HER2 -) was the most common phenotype in both sexes. Luminal B (ER + and/or PR + , HER2 + ) was not seen in males, while basal-like tumours (ER -, PR -, HER2 -, CK5/6 + ) were infrequent in both. Hierarchical clustering revealed common clusters between MBC and FBC including total PR-PRA-PRB and ER1/2 clusters. ER occurred on distinct clusters between males and females. AR, ER1, ER2 and ER5 all existed on the same cluster but with a diff erent substructure, particularly around the positioning of AR. ER associated with this cluster in the male but not the female group. PCA confi rmed that in both groups strong infl uences came from PR-PRA-PRB. In MBC strong infl uences additionally came from AR and ER1, ER2 and ER5, whereas in FBC strong infl uences came from ER alone. Our data support the hypothesis that breast cancer is biologically diff erent in male and females, which could have implications for therapy.
Synthesis of bicyclo[2.1.0]pentanoid-containing prostaglandins (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of bicyclo[2.1.0]pentanoid-containing prostaglandinsKosta Steliou and Marc Andre PoupartCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 21, 5128–5131Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00282a032https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00282a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views198Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
LED-based mini-projectors (2006)

We have built a mini-projector with LED light sources that is sufficiently small for portable applications. The projector has a three-panel architecture with transmissive LCD micro-displays in order to combine a high lumen output with a low cost price. The volume of the light engine is 100 cc.
Mood fern (2014)

We present Mood Fern: digital flora which responds to touch. Depending on the length and intensity of the touch a subset of leaves physically react. The leaves respond on a spectrum of slight oscillation, imitating the effects of swaying in a slight breeze, to complete deformation, as if they were physically trying to respond in a similar manner. Mood Fern's reference to nature highlights its appeal to calm computing. Painted capacitive sensors mimic the appearance of leaf veins and Flexinol SMA wire is used to actuate The Mood Fern's paper structures.
Quantum Canada (2019)

Canada ranks among the world's leading nations in quantum research, building on investments of more than $1 billion in the past decade alone. Canada's amassed research expertise, growing private-sector impact, and government commitments to innovation and competitiveness, place the country in a strong position, as scientific advances drive quantum technology development. Here, we summarize the steps Canada has taken to build quantum research excellence and to support a growing quantum industrial base. We also discuss Canadian quantum community efforts to solidify and build the nation's leadership, as the technology revolution unfolds.
Alterations in regional vascular geometry produced by theoretical stent implantation influence distributions of wall shear stress: analysis of a curved coronary artery using 3D computational fluid dynamics modeling (2006)

The current results predicting large spatial and temporal variations in WSS at specific locations in curved arterial 3D CFD simulations are consistent with clinically observed sites of restenosis. If the findings of this idealized study translate to the clinical situation, the regional geometry established immediately after stent implantation may predispose portions of the stented vessel to a higher risk of neointimal hyperplasia and subsequent restenosis.
Modular Dihydrobenzoazaphosphole Ligands for Suzuki–Miyaura Cross-Coupling (2018)

A new family of dihydrobenzoazaphosphosphole ligands was prepared and shown to enable modification of the phosphine electronic character by variation of the N-substituent. This new family of phosphines was shown to be highly active in the Pd-catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reaction with hindered coupling partners.
Managed Pressure Drilling Enables Drilling Beyond the Conventional Limit on HP/HT Deepwater Wells in the Mediterranean Sea (2011)

Abstract This paper describes some successful applications of Managed Pressure Drilling on deep exploration wells drilled in the Mediterranean Sea. Building upon successful experience utilizing MPD from HPHT jack-up wells, the Operators transferred the experience across to deepwater exploration projects. This represented the first known use of MPD on a floating rig with water depths up to 1,100 m, HPHT environmentand wells drilled to over 6000 m and BHP of up to17,000 psi. Extensive engineering, training and development of procedures were carried out prior to spud. MPD was utilized to drill up to drill four hole sections in the same well. Specific techniques were developed to handle floating drilling operations. The resulting benefits associated with MPD led to improvements in drilling performance, and eliminated many of the traditional problems faced on other HPHT wells in the area. MPD has now become an integral part of the well operating philosophy and has established new standards for drilling wells of this type in the area. Some critical wells were classified as wildcats with considerable pore pressure unknowns, coupled with narrow pore-fracture drilling window characteristic of HPHT conditions. MPD was able to minimize the problems faced on the wells by enabling various techniques to be utilized. These techniques included the use of pressure build up analysis to quantify formation pressures, the application of dynamic flow checks, dynamic formation strength limits, and the application of constant bottom hole pressure during dynamic and static drilling fluid circulation conditions. The planning, development and execution phases of the MPD projects are detailed in this technical paper.
Topping cycle for coal-fueled electric power plants using the ceramic helical expander (1976)

Ceramic helical expanders are advocated as the work output element in a 2500/sup 0/F direct coal-fired Brayton topping cycle for central power station application. When combined with a standard steam electric power plant cycle, such a cycle could result in an overall thermal conversion efficiency in excess of 50 percent. The performance, coal tolerance, and system-development-time advantages of the ceramic helical expander approach are enumerated. A perspective on the choice of design and materials is provided. A preliminary consideration of physical properties, economic questions, and service experience has led us to a preference for the silicon nitride and silicon carbide family of materials. A program to confirm the performance and coal tolerance aspects of a ceramic helical expander system is planned.
Tailored displays to compensate for visual aberrations (2012)

We introduce tailored displays that enhance visual acuity by decomposing virtual objects and placing the resulting anisotropic pieces into the subject's focal range. The goal is to free the viewer from needing wearable optical corrections when looking at displays. Our tailoring process uses aberration and scattering maps to account for refractive errors and cataracts. It splits an object's light field into multiple instances that are each in-focus for a given eye sub-aperture. Their integration onto the retina leads to a quality improvement of perceived images when observing the display with naked eyes. The use of multiple depths to render each point of focus on the retina creates multi-focus, multi-depth displays. User evaluations and validation with modified camera optics are performed. We propose tailored displays for daily tasks where using eyeglasses are unfeasible or inconvenient ( e.g ., on head-mounted displays, e-readers, as well as for games); when a multi-focus function is required but undoable ( e.g ., driving for farsighted individuals, checking a portable device while doing physical activities); or for correcting the visual distortions produced by high-order aberrations that eyeglasses are not able to.
Crystal structure of bacteriorhodopsin (PDB accession number 1IW6). (2015)

&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;A&lt;/b&gt; shows a side view of bR and &lt;b&gt;B&lt;/b&gt; a view from above. Transmembrane regions are shown in blue and extramembranous regions are shown in green and purple. Putative binding sites for the phage clones 43, 68 and 165 are highlighted in purple. Dotted lines indicate distances between residues of the loops AB and EF: black dotted line between the C&lt;sup&gt;α&lt;/sup&gt; of the residues A38 and V167 (1.25 nm) and red dotted line between the C&lt;sup&gt;α&lt;/sup&gt; of the residues V34 and M163 (2.18 nm). Lysine residues including their side chains are marked in grey. Structure visualization of bR was done with pymol.&lt;/p&gt;
Complement activation following multiple injuries. (1987)

Complement activation was evaluated by assay of plasma C3dg and the terminal complement complex (TCC) in 19 patients with multiple injuries. In the nine patients with thoracic involvement, statistically significant increase of plasma TCC was found at first sampling (average 90 min post-trauma), and of C3dg after 24 hours. Such increase was not found in the ten patients without thoracic involvement. Heightened granulocyte elastase activity was found in bronchial lavage fluid 90 min after the trauma in three patients with thoracic injury. Pulmonary insufficiency (pO2/FiO2 less than 16 kPa on intermittent positive-pressure ventilation) arose in four patients. All four had raised plasma levels of TCC or C3dg on arrival at the hospital. Six patients with complement activation did not show pulmonary insufficiency. Although the series was relatively small, the results indicate that thoracic injury is particularly associated with complement activation, and that complement activation alone does not suffice to produce post-traumatic pulmonary insufficiency.
Design and Implementation of a Practical Security-Conscious Electronic Polling System (1996)

We present the design and implementation of Sensus, a practical, secure and private system for conducting surveys and elections over computer networks. Expanding on the work of Fujioka, Okamoto, and Ohta, Sensus uses blind signatures to ensure that only registered voters can vote and that each registered voter only votes once, while at the same time maintaining voters' privacy. Sensus allows voters to verify independently that their votes were counted correctly, and anonymously challenge the results should their votes be miscounted. We outline seven desirable properties of voting systems and show that Sensus satisfied these properties well, in some cases better than traditional voting systems.
Modificações nucleares em células parasitadas pelo Trypanosoma cruzi em chagásicos crônicos (1987)

Através do estudo da musculaturalisa da parede da veia central das supra-renais de chagásicos crônicos foram identificados núcleos em 18 dentre 40 células parasitadaspelo Trypanosoma cruzi. Com o auxílio de uma ocular micrométrica foram tomados dois diâmetros de cada ninho e núcleo, obtendo-se suas médias e desvios padrões (25,7 µm ± 17,2 e 12 µm ± 5,3 e 7,5 µm ± 2,82 para diâmetros dos ninhos e dos núcleos para células mononucleadas e binucleadas respectivamente). A relação diâmetro do núcleo/diâmetro do ninho foi de 0,5 ± 0,16. 83,3% dos ninhos eram mononucleados e apenas 16,7% binucleados. A média do volume nuclear para as células parasitadas foi de 1204µm³ ± 807,0 e para as células musculares lisas não parasitadasfoi de 69,6µm ± 7,2. A forma e o contorno nucleares eram variados e irregulares. Os núcleos hipercromáticos ou vesiculosos, com membrana cromatínica geralmente espessa e bem definida, freqüentemente mostrando um a dois nucléolos por secção, podendo, no entanto, serem encontrados até 8 nucléolos. Sendo as alterações nucleares descritas freqüentes nos chagásicos crônicos, épossível que sejam a expressão morfológica de importantes interações entre o T. cruzi e o leiomiócito.
News from the front line: reports from the Global Workshop on the Stewardship of Neonicotinoid Insecticides, Honolulu, Hawaii, 5–6 June 2008 (2008)

Peer reviewed
Evaluation of Dielectric Strength and Breakdown Behavior for Sr-, Nb-Doped PZT Ceramics with Various Shapes of Electrodes (1997)

Dielectric strength (Ebd) and breakdown behavior were evaluated for Sr-, Nb-doped lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramics under both d.c. and a.c. electric fields. Three types of specimens were prepared, i.e., a concave disc (CSD), partially electroded disc (PED) and wholly electroded disc (WED). The Ebd values measured under the d.c. field were 17.8kV/mm, 8.6kV/mm and 6.9kV/mm for the CSD, PED and WED, respectively. Breakdown was triggered by crack generation in the CSD and PED. Surface flashover occurred in the WED. No significant dependence of Ebd on temperature was observed at temperatures below 150°C under the d.c. field. The Ebd values measured under the a.c. field were 5.2kV/mm, 3.9kV/mm and 4.7kV/mm for the CSD, PED and WED, respectively. Thermal breakdown occurred for all specimens prior to breakdown due to crack generation or surface flashover. Ebd increased slightly as the frequency of the applied a.c. field decreased. The Ebd values measured under the d.c. field were slightly higher than those of BaTiO3 and almost the same as those of BaTiO3-SrTiO3. The Ebd values measured under the a.c. field were slightly lower than those of BaTiO3.
Aromatase Inhibitors: Are There Differences Between Steroidal and Nonsteroidal Aromatase Inhibitors and Do They Matter? (2008)

Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are approved for use in both early- and advanced-stage breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Although the currently approved "third-generation" AIs all powerfully inhibit estrogen synthesis, they may be subdivided into steroidal and nonsteroidal inhibitors, which interact with the aromatase enzyme differently. Nonsteroidal AIs bind noncovalently and reversibly to the aromatase protein, whereas steroidal AIs may bind covalently and irreversibly to the aromatase enzyme. The steroidal AI exemestane may exert androgenic effects, but the clinical relevance of this has yet to be determined. Switching between steroidal and nonsteroidal AIs produces modest additional clinical benefits, suggesting partial noncrossresistance between the classes of inhibitor. In these circumstances, the response rates to the second AI have generally been low; additional research is needed regarding the optimal sequence of AIs. To date, clinical studies suggest that combining an estrogen-receptor blocker with a nonsteroidal AI does not improve efficacy, while combination with a steroidal AI has not been evaluated. Results from head-to-head trials comparing steroidal and nonsteroidal AIs will determine whether meaningful clinical differences in efficacy or adverse events exist between the classes of AI. This review summarizes the available evidence regarding known differences and evaluates their potential clinical impact.
2A2-K04 Validity Verification of Multipurpose Optimization Method of Camera Position for Robot Vision(Robot Vision(1)) (2012)

In Japan, the labor force population has decreased. Therefore, advanced autonomous robots that replace humans are currently in more demand in the manufacturing sector. However, these robots cannot be used in alien environment because most of the industrial robots are controlled by only sequence controls. A camera is needed as a vision sensor that can recognize the outside environment to solve this problem. When the vision sensor is fitted to a material handling system, cameras are needed to recognize the shape and position of an object accurately. In this research, we aim at improving the camera calibration accuracies. We examine the influences of two cameras' positions for calibration accuracies. In addition, we propose the multipurpose optimization method of cameras' positions by focusing image noise. After that, we verify the effectiveness of the optimal camera position where the calibration accuracies are best by discrimination experiment.