gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthetic Routes to, Transformations of, and Rather Surprising Stabilities of (N-Methyl-N-phenylcarbamoyl)sulfenyl Chloride, ((N-Methyl-N-phenylcarbamoyl)dithio)carbonyl Chloride, and Related Compounds (2011)

The title compound classes, (carbamoyl)sulfenyl chlorides and ((carbamoyl)dithio)carbonyl chlorides, have been implicated previously as unstable, albeit trappable, intermediates in organosulfur chemistry. The present work reports for each of these functional groups: (i) several routes to prepare it in the N-methylaniline family; (ii) its direct structural characterization by several spectroscopic techniques; (iii) its rather unexpected stability and its ultimate fate when it decomposes; (iv) a series of further chemical transformations that give highly stable derivatives, each in turn subject to thorough characterization. Relevant kinetic and mechanistic experiments were carried out, including some with p-methyl- and 2,6-dimethyl-substituted N-methylanilines. Given that the title compounds can be isolated and are relatively stable, they may find applications in the preparation of thiolyzable and/or photolabile protecting groups for the sulfhydryl function of cysteine and for the development of new protein synthesis and modification reagents.
ONO Structures and Oxynitrides in Modern Microelectronics: Material Science, Characterization and Application (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Technology and Basic Properties of Silicon Nitride/Oxynitride Films and ONO Stacks Atomic Structure of Silicon Oxynitride Traps in the Nitride Layer of ONO Charge Transport in Silicon Nitride Device Applications of ONO Structures Conclusion References
Risk factors for instability after reverse shoulder arthroplasty (2019)

Younger patients are at higher risk for instability after Grammont type reverse shoulder arthroplasty implantation. Conversely, lateralized reverse shoulder arthroplasties resulted protective. When conservative treatment had failed, shoulder stability can be obtained with reoperation or prosthetic revision (needed in 70% of the cases), but to the price of lower functional results.
Molecular orbital studies of azaboranes which have nitrogen in a framework position (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMolecular orbital studies of azaboranes which have nitrogen in a framework positionJozef Bicerano and William N. LipscombCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1980, 19, 7, 1825–1827Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50209a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50209a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views38Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
A Chromium Ethylidene Complex as a Potent Catalyst for Selective Ethylene Trimerization (2011)

Going one, twice…︁ Reaction of the mononuclear complex [{η5-(tBu)2C4H2N}CrCl2(thf)] with AlEt3 afforded the dinuclear species [{[η5-(tBu)2C4H2N]CrEt}2(μ-Cl)2] (see picture; Cr purple, Cl green, C sticks/gray, H white). The complex acts a single-component selective trimerization catalyst; a higher loading of AlEt3 activator afforded isomerization of 1-hexene to cis, trans 2-hexene. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Consensus + Innovations Approach for Distributed Multiagent Coordination in a Microgrid (2015)

Distributed energy resources and demand-side management are expected to become more prevalent in the future electric power system. Coordinating the increased number of grid participants in an efficient and reliable way is going to be a major challenge. A potential solution is the employment of a distributed energy management approach, which uses intelligence distributed over the grid to balance supply and demand. In this paper, we specifically consider the situation in which distributed resources and loads form microgrids within the bulk power system in which the load is supplied by local generation. A distributed energy management approach based on the consensus + innovations method is presented and used to coordinate local generation, flexible load, and storage devices within the microgrid. The approach takes advantage of the fact that, at the optimal allocation settings, the marginal costs given as a function of the power output/consumption need to be equal for all nonbinding network resources. Solutions for single time step, as well as multitime step optimization including intertemporal constraints, are presented.
Analysis of Electric Stress Distribution in Cavities embedded within Dielectric Structures (1986)

Electric stress distribution within dielectric cavities are studied using the finite-element numerical technique. The results indicate that the electric stress is enhanced within a gas-filled cavity embedded in the dielectric. The amount of stress enchancement and the electric field distribution within the dielectric are significantly influenced by the dielectric permittivity, the dimensions of the cavity, the number of cavities in series within the dielectric gap, the cavity orientation, the dielectric thickness (electrode spacing), the contour of the edge of the electrodes, and the presence of floating electrodes near electrode edges. The effect of various parameters on the stress distribution within a dielectric is important in the design, fabrication, and testing of devices made of multi-layered dielectric/electrode film structures.
Stabilized single-injection inactivated polio vaccine elicits a strong neutralizing immune response (2018)

Vaccination in the developing world is hampered by limited patient access, which prevents individuals from receiving the multiple injections necessary for protective immunity. Here, we developed an injectable microparticle formulation of the inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) that releases multiple pulses of stable antigen over time. To accomplish this, we established an IPV stabilization strategy using cationic polymers for pH modulation to enhance traditional small-molecule-based stabilization methods. We investigated the mechanism of this strategy and showed that it was broadly applicable to all three antigens in IPV. Our lead formulations released two bursts of IPV 1 month apart, mimicking a typical vaccination schedule in the developing world. One injection of the controlled-release formulations elicited a similar or better neutralizing response in rats, considered the correlate of protection in humans, than multiple injections of liquid vaccine. This single-administration vaccine strategy has the potential to improve vaccine coverage in the developing world.
Dietary Caloric Restriction Prevents the Age-Related Decline in Plasma Melatonin Levels of Rhesus Monkeys (2001)

Rhesus monkeys exhibit an age-associated decrease in peak plasma melatonin levels analogous to that reported for humans. This decrease is essentially abolished in monkeys subjected to a 30% reduction in caloric intake over a 12-yr period. The caloric restriction (CR) effect does not seem to be a reversal, but rather a long-term prevention, of the age-related decline in hormone concentrations. The age effect does not seem to be due to a phase shift in the peak of melatonin secretions, as has been observed in some populations of aged humans. It is also extremely unlikely that the CR effect simply reflects a phase shift, since old monkeys on the diet have nocturnal melatonin levels equal to or greater than adult fully fed controls. Thus, if peak times (approximately 0200 h) were actually shifted, maximal levels in old CR monkeys would be even higher. These findings, coupled with previous observations in humans, suggest that peak plasma melatonin levels may represent a possible candidate "biomarker of aging" in primates. Moreover, this index of age-associated physiological decrement seems to be inhibited by dietary CR.
Lung Deposition of Alpha 1 -Proteinase Inhibitor (Human) (A 1 -PI[H]) Inhalation Solution Using Two Inhalation Modes of the I-neb Adaptive Aerosol Delivery (AAD) System in Healthy Subjects and Subjects with Cystic Fibrosis (2015)

The intrapulmonary deposition (mean ± SD) in CF subjects was 47.0% ± 6.6% and 46.7% ± 10.3% in TIM and TBM, respectively, and in healthy subjects, 50.0% ± 6.7% and 54.8% ± 7.0% in TIM and TBM, respectively. TIM resulted in an approximately 40% lower treatment time (HS 6.4 min vs. 10.3 min, CF 5.3 min vs. 10.7 min) and less extra-thoracic deposition compared to TBM, and showed a higher residue of drug in the nebulizer, compared to TBM. In both groups, inhalation of a single dose of 77 mg of A1-PI was efficient, safe, and well tolerated using TIM and TBM.
Carbonization of heavy residues of different origin (2007)

Investigation of the optimization of the feedstock composition on delayed coking units (UZK 21-10/3M) at the Angarsk Petrochemical Company using the introduction of different heavy oil residues and by-products of petroleum chemistry was carried out. The optimal feedstock composition was determined on the model bench-scale delayed coking units. The samples of petroleum cokes obtained from the feedstock of different compositions were analyzed for the sulfur content, and their microstructure was thoroughly studied in detail. The obtained array of experimental data showed that the optimized coking feedstock composition holds promise from the viewpoint of both the improvement of the quality of the petroleum coke and an increase in its production rate.
[Preliminary Study on the Secretory Performance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Hypoxic Response Protein 1 (Rv2626c)]. (2020)

The protein HRP1 encoded by Mtb <i>Rv</i>2626<i>c</i> can be secreted out of Ms by the secretion system of Ms. It may be a secreted protein and play an important role in the pathogenesis of Mtb.
Sculpt Processing for Character Rigging (2020)

Pose-space sculpting is a key component in character rigging workflows used by digital artists to create shape corrections that fire on top of deformation rigs. However, hand-crafting sculpts one pose at time is notoriously laborious, involving multiple cleanup passes as well as repetitive manual edits. In this work, we present a suite of geometric tools that have significantly sped up the generation and reuse of production-quality sculpts in character rigs at Pixar. These tools include a transfer technique that refits sculpts from one model to another, a surface reconstruction method that resolves entangled regions, and a relaxation scheme that restores surface details. Importantly, our approach allows riggers to focus their time on making creative sculpt edits to meet stylistic goals, thus enabling quicker turnarounds and larger design changes with a reduced impact on production. We showcase the results generated by our tools with examples from Pixar’s feature films Onward and Soul.
Slant adaptation improves slant discrimination (2010)

Purpose. Prolonged viewing of a stereoscopic slanted plane causes a gaze-normal plane to appear slanted in the opposite direction. This after-effect can be explained by change in stereoscopic slant gain or by channel fatigue. To determine if the gain changes, we examined the effect of slant adaptation on slant discrimination thresholds. Stimuli. We presented stereoscopic planes textured with sparse random dots. The planes were slanted about a vertical or horizontal axis. To minimize perspective cues, the texture was “back-projected” and the clipping window was elliptical with a random major axis. Procedure. The initial adaptation stimulus was presented for 240 sec. Size and direction of the adaptation effect was measured by a slant-nulling task. Discrimination thresholds were obtained with a 2-IFC procedure and interleaved staircases. The adaptation stimulus was re-presented for 2 sec between trials. Results. Discrimination thresholds decreased by roughly a factor of two for base slants within 20 of the adapting stimulus. Thresholds increased for base slants greater than 20 and less than 40 from the adapting slant. Conclusion. Stereoscopic slant adaptation aid discrimination performance when the test stimulus has roughly the same slant as the adapting stimulus
Hypoxia-Reoxygenation Couples 3βHSD1 Enzyme and Cofactor Upregulation to Facilitate Androgen Biosynthesis and Hormone Therapy Resistance in Prostate Cancer (2022)

Hypoxia followed by reoxygenation in prostate cancer drives androgen deprivation therapy resistance via increasing the rate-limiting enzyme and cofactors for androgen synthesis, revealing HIF2α as a therapeutic target to subvert resistance.
NTIRE 2021 Challenge on Perceptual Image Quality Assessment (2021)

This paper reports on the NTIRE 2021 challenge on perceptual image quality assessment (IQA), held in conjunction with the New Trends in Image Restoration and Enhancement workshop (NTIRE) workshop at CVPR 2021. As a new type of image processing technology, perceptual image processing algorithms based on Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) have produced images with more realistic textures. These output images have completely different characteristics from traditional distortions, thus pose a new challenge for IQA methods to evaluate their visual quality. In comparison with previous IQA challenges, the training and testing datasets in this challenge include the outputs of perceptual image processing algorithms and the corresponding subjective scores. Thus they can be used to develop and evaluate IQA methods on GAN-based distortions. The challenge has 270 registered participants in total. In the final testing stage, 13 participating teams submitted their models and fact sheets. Almost all of them have achieved much better results than existing IQA methods, while the winning method can demonstrate state-of-the-art performance.
Active and fast charge-state switching of single NV centres in diamond by in-plane Al-Schottky junctions (2016)

In this paper, we demonstrate an active and fast control of the charge state and hence of the optical and electronic properties of single and near-surface nitrogen-vacancy centres (NV centres) in diamond. This active manipulation is achieved by using a two-dimensional Schottky-diode structure from diamond, i.e., by using aluminium as Schottky contact on a hydrogen terminated diamond surface. By changing the applied potential on the Schottky contact, we are able to actively switch single NV centres between all three charge states NV<sup>+</sup>, NV<sup>0</sup> and NV<sup>-</sup> on a timescale of 10 to 100 ns, corresponding to a switching frequency of 10-100 MHz. This switching frequency is much higher than the hyperfine interaction frequency between an electron spin (of NV<sup>-</sup>) and a nuclear spin (of <sup>15</sup>N or <sup>13</sup>C for example) of 2.66 kHz. This high-frequency charge state switching with a planar diode structure would open the door for many quantum optical applications such as a quantum computer with single NVs for quantum information processing as well as single <sup>13</sup>C atoms for long-lifetime storage of quantum information. Furthermore, a control of spectral emission properties of single NVs as a single photon emitters - embedded in photonic structures for example - can be realized which would be vital for quantum communication and cryptography.
Mass Number (2016)

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy's Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.
Erratum (1989)

B. Patel, P. G. Riby, S. J. Haswell and R. Grzeskowiak, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 1989, 4, 376 DOI: 10.1039/JA9890400376
730 (2015)

Copyright © by 2015 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Observation of exotic subphases in an antiferroelectric liquid crystal (1998)

Abstract Dielectric and polarization measurements are carried out for characterizing the subphases in a antiferroelectric liquid crystal with a variety of ferri-, ferro- and antiferroelectric phases. It is found that ferri-phases in between SmCA are somewhat unstable and disordered; the reasons of the instability are given in terms of the ANNI model. A meta-stable field induced ferri phase has been found thus confirming our discovery (Panarin et al Phys. Rev. E 55, 4345, 1997) of such a ferri phase. A surface domain mode having a frequency about a decade higher than that of the Goldstone mode has also been observed for the first time in a antiferroelectric liquid crystal.
Planar dual-antenna system for blind spots elimination in mobile communication system (2012)

A planar dual-antenna system (DAS), composed of series-fed microstrip antenna and planar Yagi-Uda antenna, is proposed for blind spots elimination in mobile communication system. The planar DAS is developed as a reflector in a non-line-of-sight (NLOS) environment. Broad-angle scattering and polarization transition can be realized. Equivalent bi-static radar cross section (BRCS) is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the DAS in eliminating blindness and improving the propagation channel under the NLOS environment.
Serum concentrations of immunoglobulins and of antibody isotypes in bone marrow transplant recipients treated with high doses of polyspecific immunoglobulin or with cytomegalovirus hyperimmune globulin. (1991)

The kinetics of immunoglobulins (Ig) and antibodies were followed in 10 bone marrow transplant recipients who received either high doses (0.5 g/kg body weight) of polyspecific intravenous Ig (HD-IVIG) weekly or cytomegalovirus hyper-Ig (CMV-IVIG, 0.1 g/kg body weight) every 3 weeks. In the HD-IVIG group, the mean total IgG concentration more than tripled and similar significant increases were seen for IgG1 and IgG2. IgG antibodies to CMV showed a marked increase in the HD-IVIG and a less pronounced rise in the CMV-IVIG group. IgM antibodies to CMV were present initially or became detectable in five patients, unrelated to the IVIG preparation. HD-IVIG induced a significant increase of IgG antibodies to streptococcal group A carbohydrate (A-CHO) and to smooth strain lipopolysaccharides (LPS) but not of antibodies against lipid-A. When the Ig treatment was discontinued, levels of total IgG and of IgG antibody to CMV decreased with an apparent half-life of 30 days. Both IVIG preparations were well tolerated and had no negative feedback on total Ig and on specific antibody production or other antimicrobial defence mechanisms. In patient nos. 4 and 10 who developed severe graft-versus-host-disease, transient serum Ig peaks including several Ig isotypes appeared after day 14. In patient no. 10 this peak contained an IgG antibody to H. influenzae type b (Hib), and IgM antibodies to CMV, Hib, A-CHO and LPS. This study clearly shows that serum concentrations of Ig isotypes, subtypes and specific antibodies, depend on at least four factors: total amount and composition of Ig infused, consumption, catabolism and endogenous production.
Engineering Antibodies as Drugs: Principles and Practice (2017)

Over the last forty years, recombinant antibodies have been transformed from an unproven experimental approach to a therapeutic modality with multiple success stories in the treatment of cancer, inflammation, infections and cardiometabolic diseases. Owing to their high affinity and selectivity for the target antigen, their multimodal tunable mode of action, their modular nature and long half-life, antibodies now hold prominent positions in the pipelines of major biopharmaceutical companies. In this brief report, I aim to highlight the themes that have shaped the therapeutic antibody engineering as it exists today and to offer a personal perspective on its future developments. Distinct antibody engineering history, developments and trends in Russian Federation will not be discussed since they are detailed elsewhere in this journal issue.
Ultra-High-Resolution Coronary CT Angiography With Photon-Counting Detector CT (2022)

Ultra-high-resolution CCTA with PCD-CT is feasible and enables the visualization of calcified coronaries with an excellent image quality, high sharpness, and reduced blooming. Coronary plaque characterization and delineation of the adjacent vessel lumen are possible with an optimal quality using Bv64 kernel, a FOV of 200 × 200 mm 2 , and a matrix size of 512 × 512 pixels.
Análisis de coexistencia entre la tecnología lte-u y wifi en la banda de 5 GHz (2019)

The present degree work aims to know if LTE-U and WiFi technologies can coexist in the unlicensed band of 5GHz based on an exhaustive research in the state of the art to find theories that encourage the coexistence of both technologies. It will be based on 3 theories that indicate coexistence analyzing each of them, once explained an analysis will be made on the performance and the number of erroneous transmissions (BER), within the network. At the end the conclusions and recommendations on the coexistence of LTE-U and WiFi in the unlicensed band of the 5GHZ will be presented.
Study Protocol. ECSSIT – Elective Caesarean Section Syntocinon® Infusion Trial. A multi-centre randomised controlled trial of oxytocin (Syntocinon®) 5 IU bolus and placebo infusion versus oxytocin 5 IU bolus and 40 IU infusion for the control of blood loss at elective caesarean section (2009)

number: ISRCTN17813715.