gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cardiac safety analysis for a phase III trial of sunitinib (SU) or sorafenib (SO) or placebo (PLC) in patients (pts) with resected renal cell carcinoma (RCC). (2012)

4500 Background: We performed a cardiac analysis of E2805, a well population of pts with resected high risk RCC. The objectives were to determine if pts treated with SU or SO had clinically significant decreases in left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) and to describe the frequency of clinically significant heart failure (HF). We also report the frequency of other events including (un)stable angina or myocardial infarction. Methods: EF was measured by multiple gated acquisition scan (MUGA) at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months (mo), and end of treatment, if symptoms developed, and 3 mo after the last abnormal assessment. The primary cardiac endpoint was defined as an EF decline &lt; the institutional lower limit of normal (ILN) that was a ≥ 16% decline from baseline, and that occurred ≤ 6 mo into therapy. Clinically significant HF was ≥ Grade 3 LV systolic or diastolic dysfunction (severe symptoms with any activity or from drop in EF responsive (Grade 3) or refractory (Grade 4) to therapy. Late LVEF events were a drop in LVEF of ≥ 16% occurring after 6 mo of therapy. Event rates on each treatment arm were calculated, with 90% exact binomial confidence intervals (CI). Results: Post-baseline MUGAs are available for 1589 of 1943 total pts accrued. 1293 pts had MUGA assessment ≥ 6 mo. 21 pts had primary events (Table). 71 pts had worst LVEF declines of ≥16% from baseline, including 52 of which occurred ≤ 6 mo from baseline, with the majority not meeting full primary event criteria. There were 11 reported grade 3 LV systolic events (5 SU, 4 SO and 2 PLC). 8 pts had cardiac ischemia possibly or probably from agent. Only one grade 4 event followed a primary LVEF event. 4 of 7 pts who began treatment with LVEF &lt;ILN had primary LVEF events. Conclusions: In detailed followup of SU and SO use, cardiac function in pts starting with normal EF, was not impaired significantly over placebo. Ischemic events were uncommon and not clearly associated with treatment. The data demonstrate that SU or SO for adjuvant therapy will likely not cause significant cardiac toxicity. [Table: see text]
Biomechanical structure–function relations for human trabecular bone — comparison of calcaneus, femoral neck, greater trochanter, proximal tibia, and vertebra (2022)

MicroCT-based finite element models were used to compute power law relations for uniaxial compressive yield stress versus bone volume fraction for 78 cores of human trabecular bone from five anatomic sites. The leading coefficient of the power law for calcaneus differed from those for most of the other sites (<i>p</i> < 0.05). However, after normalizing by site-specific mean values, neither the leading coefficient (<i>p</i> > 0.5) nor exponent (<i>p</i> > 0.5) differed among sites, suggesting that a given percentage deviation from mean bone volume fraction has the same mechanical consequence for all sites investigated. These findings help explain the success of calcaneal x-ray and ultrasound measurements for predicting hip fracture risk.
On the information content of 2D and 3D descriptors for QSAR (2002)

To gain better understanding on the information content of two-dimensional (2D) vs. three-dimensional (3D) descriptor systems, we analyzed principal component analysis scores derived from 87 2D descriptors and 798 3D (ALMOND) variables on a set of 5998 compounds of medicinal chemistry interest. The information overlap between ALMOND and 2D-based descriptors, as modeled by the fraction of explained variance (r²) and by seven-groups cross-validation (q²) in a two PLS components model was 40%. Individual component analysis indicates that the first and second principal components from the 2D-descriptors are related to the first and third dimensions from the ALMOND PCA model. The first ALMOND component is explained (61%) by size-related descriptors, whereas the third component is marginally explained (25%) by hydrophobicity-related descriptors. Surprisingly, 2D-based hydrogen-bonding descriptors did not contribute significantly in this analysis. These results do not a priori justify the choice of one methodology over the other, when performing QSAR studies.
A compact, high voltage 25 kW, 50 kHz DC-DC converter based on SiC JFETs (2008)

In the area of power electronics there is a general trend to higher power densities and efficiency. In order to continue this trend new devices, which enable high switching frequencies at higher power levels or show reduced losses at moderate switching frequencies are required. High voltage switches based on a series connection of SiC JFETs and one MOSFET in cascode connection meet these demands. For investigating the performance of the SiC based switch and its influence on the power density/efficiency a dual active bridge, which could transfer 25 kW bidirectionally between a 5 kV and a 700 V dc bus at a switching frequency of 50 kHz, is presented in this paper. There, especially the design of the high voltage/high frequency transformer and the switching as well as the static behaviour of the SiC switch is investigated in detail by simulations and experimental results in this paper.
Las escorias y tierras cocidas de la Pampa (2002)

The state's one-time opportunity cost to initiate this age-restriction policy would be minimal considering potential health gains. Sensitivity analyses did not change the conclusion, especially if the state produces subregulations linked to existing law rather than new regulations.
Combined Adenovirus Vector and Hepatitis C Virus Envelope Protein Prime-Boost Regimen Elicits T Cell and Neutralizing Antibody Immune Responses (2014)

HCV infection is a major health problem. Despite the availability of new directly acting antiviral agents for treating chronic infection, an affordable preventive vaccine provides the best long-term goal for controlling the global epidemic. This report describes a new anti-HCV vaccine targeting the envelope viral proteins based on adenovirus vector and protein in adjuvant. Rodents primed with the adenovirus vaccine and boosted with the adjuvanted protein developed cross-neutralizing antibodies and potent T cell responses that surpassed immune responses achieved with either vaccine component alone. If combined with the adenovirus vaccine targeting the HCV NS antigens now under clinical testing, this new vaccine might lead to a stronger and broader immune response and to a more effective vaccine to prevent HCV infection. Importantly, the described approach represents a valuable strategy for other infectious diseases in which both T and B cell responses are essential for protection.
Infectious Reactivation of Cytomegalovirus Explaining Age- and Sex-Specific Patterns of Seroprevalence (2017)

Abstract Human cytomegalovirus is a herpes virus with poorly understood transmission dynamics. We here provide quantitative estimates of the transmissibility of primary infection, reactivation, and re-infection using age-and sex-specific antibody response data. The data are optimally described by three distributions of antibody measurements, i.e. uninfected, infected, and infected after reactivation/re-infection. Estimates of seroprevalence increase gradually with age, such that at 80 years 73% (95%CrI: 64%-78%) of females and 62% (95%CrI: 55%-68%) of males is infected, while 57% (95%CrI: 47%-67%) of females and 37% (95%CrI: 28%-46%) of males has experienced a reactivation or re-infection episode. Merging the statistical analyses with transmission models, we find that infectious reactivation is key to provide a good fit fit to the data. Estimated reactivation rates increase from low values in children to 2%-6% per year older women. The results advance a hypothesis in which adult-to-adult transmission after infectious reactivation is the main driver of infection.
Towards Diversity of COTS Software Applications: Reducing Risks of Widespread Faults and Attacks (2002)

In this paper we briefly describe some current techniques and mechanisms used to ensure diversity in software applications. We then introduce and discuss an alternative approach to software diversity aiming at the reduction of widespread software attacks and faults. This approach takes advantage of the componentisation of modern software solutions and enforces diversity at the installation time by randomly selecting and deploying critical software components.
A Proposal for Multi-Constellation Advanced RAIM for Vertical Guidance (2011)

The GNSS environment will experience major changes in&#13;\nthe coming years. GPS and GLONASS are undergoing&#13;\nmodernization phases, while Galileo and Compass are&#13;\ncurrently in their deployment phase. When all these&#13;\nconstellations are in their Full Operational Capability&#13;\n(FOC) state, there will be at least three times as many&#13;\nranging sources than today. In addition, all of these GNSS&#13;\ncore constellations will broadcast signals in the two&#13;\nfrequency bands, L1/E1 and L5/E5. These signals will be&#13;\navailable for civil aviation, allowing users to cancel the&#13;\npseudorange errors due to the ionosphere. Many studies&#13;\nsuggest that it could be possible to achieve global&#13;\ncoverage of vertical guidance using multi-constellation,&#13;\ndual frequency Advanced Receiver Autonomous Integrity&#13;\nMonitoring (ARAIM). The benefits of ARAIM would&#13;\ninclude a reduced ground infrastructure (which would&#13;\nreduce the maintenance costs compared to current&#13;\naugmentation systems), a reduced dependency on any one&#13;\nGNSS core constellation, and, in general, lessen exposure&#13;\nto single points of failure. However, to achieve vertical&#13;\nguidance using ARAIM, it will not be sufficient to adapt&#13;\nthe RAIM algorithms that are used for horizontal&#13;\nnavigation. This is due to the increased level of safety&#13;\nrequired for vertical guidance compared to horizontal&#13;\nguidance. Therefore, ARAIM will require a careful faults&#13;\nand effects analysis. Because the integrity provision will&#13;\nbe shared across service providers, it will be necessary to&#13;\ndevelop a common understanding in at least three&#13;\ndomains: the navigation requirements, starting with LPV-&#13;\n200; the airborne algorithm; and the threat model,&#13;\ncomprised of both the nominal performance of the&#13;\nconstellations and the fault modes.&#13;\nIn this paper, we present a concept for the provision of&#13;\nintegrity using multiple constellations with ARAIM and&#13;\nan Integrity Support Message (ISM). We will first&#13;\npropose an interpretation of the LPV-200 requirements in&#13;\nthe ARAIM context. We will then propose a typical threat&#13;\nmodel for GNSS which includes both the nominal&#13;\nperformance of the constellations and all the faults that&#13;\nneed to be mitigated. These threats include both single&#13;\nsatellite faults, multiple satellite faults, and constellation&#13;\nwide faults, one of them being the use or broadcast of&#13;\nerroneous Earth Orientation Parameters. We will show&#13;\nhow the threats can be mitigated through the use of&#13;\nground monitoring and the ISM in addition to the ARAIM&#13;\nsubset position and residual test. Finally, we will give&#13;\nexamples of multiple constellation configurations and&#13;\nperformance providing worldwide coverage of LPV-200.
Testing of a rapid fault detection model for quality control: Borophosphosilicate glass thin films monitored by infrared absorption spectroscopy (1997)

Infrared absorption spectra of 108 borophosphosilicate glass (BPSG) thin films produced in a multiple-wafer low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) reactor were collected to enable the development and testing of a rapid and inexpensive method for determining if films are within the desired specifications. Classification of samples into good and bad product categories was made by applying principal component analysis to the spectra. Mahalanobis distances were used as the classification metric. The highest overall percentage of correct classification of samples based upon their spectra with two-step classification was 95%. The misclassified samples were, however, within the error of the reference methods that were used in making the original classification against which the infrared (IR) classification methods were tested. The classification errors are thus just as likely to be a result of misclassification by the reference method rather than errors by the IR classification. Although reference measurements were used in this article for the original classification of the samples, these expensive and time-consuming reference methods can be eliminated simply by building classification models on samples determined to produce a product within the correct device specifications. The IR classification methods presented here hold great promise as a tool for rapid quality control of BPSG deposition.
Olefin metathesis catalysts embedded in β-barrel proteins: creating artificial metalloproteins for olefin metathesis (2018)

This review summarizes the recent progress of Grubbs-Hoveyda (GH) type olefin metathesis catalysts incorporated into the robust fold of β-barrel proteins. Anchoring strategies are discussed and challenges and opportunities in this emerging field are shown from simple small-molecule transformations over ring-opening metathesis polymerizations to in vivo olefin metathesis.
Concrete Choreography: Prefabrication of 3D-Printed Columns (2020)

This paper introduces the cutting-edge 3D Concrete Printing (3DCP) process which stands at the core of the project Concrete Choreography, a family of nine prefabricated concrete columns. By simultaneously overseeing technological development, computational design and robotic fabrication, an interdisciplinary research team was able to reframe the challenge of large-scale high-resolution 3DCP.
β3-adrenoceptor deficiency blocks nitric oxide–dependent inhibition of myocardial contractility (2000)

The cardiac beta-adrenergic pathway potently stimulates myocardial performance, thereby providing a mechanism for myocardial contractile reserve. beta-Adrenergic activation also increases cardiac nitric oxide (NO) production, which attenuates positive inotropy, suggesting a possible negative feedback mechanism. Recently, in vitro studies suggest that stimulation of the beta(3)-adrenoceptor results in a negative inotropic effect through NO signaling. In this study, using mice with homozygous beta(3)-adrenoceptor deletion mutations, we tested the hypothesis that the beta(3)-adrenoceptor is responsible for beta-adrenergic activation of NO. Although resting indices of myocardial contraction were similar, beta-adrenergic-stimulated inotropy was increased in beta(3)(-/-) mice, and similar hyper-responsiveness was seen in mice lacking endothelial NO synthase (NOS3). NOS inhibition augmented isoproterenol-stimulated inotropy in wild-type (WT), but not in beta(3)(-/-) mice. Moreover, isoproterenol increased myocardial cGMP in WT, but not beta(3)(-/-), mice. NOS3 protein abundance was not changed in beta(3)(-/-) mice, and cardiac beta(3)-adrenoceptor mRNA was detected in both NOS3(-/-) and WT mice. These findings indicate that the beta(3)-adrenergic subtype participates in NO-mediated negative feedback over beta-adrenergic stimulation.
An office document mashup for document-centric business processes (2008)

An office document mashup called 'Dual Forms' is presented to demonstrate the feasibility and advantages of imbuing an office document with intelligent interaction capabilities, access to web services of a service-oriented architecture (SOA), digital signatures for legally binding contractual agreements, and a self-submission capability that allows the document to flow through a collaborative network or business process.
Perpendicular easy axis alignment of FePt nanoparticles on a platinum-(001) buffer layer for high-density magnetic recording (2011)

The phenomenon of atomic motion between the nanoparticle and its substrate was examined in constructing perpendicularly aligned FePt nanoparticle structures. Samples of iron-rich FePt nanoparticles synthesized by vapor phase or liquid phase synthesis techniques were deposited on a platinum-(001) buffer layer and annealed in a hydrogen atmosphere. Superconductive quantum interference device and x ray diffraction measurements for the in-plane and out-of-plane direction exhibited perpendicularly oriented magnetization and an L10 ordered phase with a perpendicular easy axis orientation. The coercivity was measured as approximately 4.3 kOe. In addition, high angle annular dark field-scanning transmission electron microscopy showed FePt alloy formation normal to the sample surface. The atomic distribution data showed iron diffusion into the platinum layer. These results might open a new path toward ultrahigh density storage media from chemically synthesized FePt nanoparticles.
Surface-Enhanced Transmission Mode Desorption Electrospray Ionization: Increasing the Specificity of Ambient Ionization Mass Spectrometric Analyses (2009)

Fabrication and utilization of mesh materials specifically designed to capture analytes from solution facilitates the direct coupling of affinity capture and ambient ionization mass spectrometry via surface-enhanced transmission mode desorption electrospray ionization (TM-DESI). Incorporation of photolabile groups within the linkage between the mesh surface and the covalently modified reactive probe affords facile release of mass tagged analytes directly to mesh surfaces that have been rinsed free of matrix interferences. The approach introduces increased specificity to the already rapid TM-DESI analysis technique, resulting in a powerful tool for high-throughput screening of targeted analytes. Specific capture of thiols is discussed herein, but the surface-enhanced TM-DESI technique can be readily extended to other functional groups by alteration of the capture agent.
RNA sequencing for global gene expression associated with muscle growth in a single male modern broiler line compared to a foundational Barred Plymouth Rock chicken line (2017)

The highly upregulated genes in PeM may represent phenotypes of subclinical myopathy commonly observed in the commercial broiler breast tissue, that can lead to muscle hardening, named as woody breast. By investigating global gene expression in a highly selected pedigree broiler line and a foundational breed (Barred Plymouth Rock), the results provide insight into cellular mechanisms that regulate muscle growth, fiber composition and feed efficiency.
Long-term Patient Outcomes After Microsurgical Treatment of Blister-Like Aneurysms of the Basilar Artery (2015)

Direct clipping with or without cotton reinforcement can obliterate basilar BLAs with excellent long-term outcomes. Clip wrapping is not an option for these lesions given the proximity to perforating branches. Endovascular techniques provide a useful adjunctive strategy; however, risks with antiplatelet therapy in the acute subarachnoid hemorrhage period must be considered.
Up-regulation of LDL-receptor expression by LDL-immunoapheresis in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia. (1999)

These results demonstrate that despite drug therapy, LDL-apheresis significantly stimulates the residual LDL-receptor expression in FH via the reduction of available extracellular cholesterol resulting in delayed reappearance of hypercholesterolemia in between treatments.
The Project Maxwell assembler system (2006)

The Java™ programming language is primarily used for platform-independent programming. Yet it also offers many productivity, maintainability and performance benefits for platform-specific functions, such as the generation of machine code.We have created reliable assemblers for SPARC™, AMD64, IA32 and PowerPC which support all user mode and privileged instructions and with 64-bit mode support for all but the latter. These assemblers are generated as Java source code by our extensible assembler framework, which itself is written in the Java language. The assembler generator also produces javadoc comments that precisely specify the legal values for each operand.Our design is based on the Klein Assembler System written in Self. Assemblers are generated from a specification, as are table-driven disassemblers and unit tests. The specifications that drive the generators are expressed as Java language objects. Thus no extra parsers are needed and developers do not need to learn any new syntax to extend the framework for additional ISAs.Every generated assembler is tested against a preexisting assembler by comparing the output of both. Each instruction's test cases are derived from the cross product of its potential operand values. The majority of tests are positive (i.e., result in a legal instruction encoding). The framework also generates negative tests, which are expected to cause an error detection by an assembler. As with the Klein Assembler System, we have found bugs in the external assemblers as well as in ISA reference manuals.Our framework generates tens of millions of tests. For symbolic operands, our tests include all applicable predefined constants. For integral operands, the important boundary values, such as the respective minimum, maximum, 0, 1 and -1, are tested. Full testing can take hours to run but gives us a high degree of confidence regarding correctness.
Comparison of operative versus percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube placement in the elderly. (1991)

To compare techniques of gastrostomy in elderly patients, the records of 100 patients age 70 and older who underwent gastrostomy tube placement as a primary procedure were reviewed. Two separate unmatched groups of 50 patients each were identified: those that underwent operative gastrostomy tube (OGT) placement and those that underwent percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube (PEG) placement. The groups were studied for demographic similarities and for differences in morbidity, mortality, and ease of feeding. Comparison showed that PEGs had a lower mortality (0%) and morbidity (10%) than did OGTs where mortality was 4 per cent and morbidity was 22 per cent. PEGs began feeding sooner (1.0 day vs. 2.8 days) than OGTs. In addition, almost 60 per cent of the PEG patients underwent complete upper endoscopy at the time of the PEG, which revealed pathology that either altered the type of tube placed or the eventual medical management. PEG offers a less morbid, safer, and easier to use method of gastrostomy tube placement than OGT in the majority of elderly patients.
Partial carinal resection and reconstruction for mediastinal type of lung cancer. (1991)

縦隔型肺腺癌の気管浸潤に対し対側分岐部を温存した気管分岐部再建術の一症例を報告する.症例は62歳男性.喀痰集検で腺癌細胞が証明され精査のため来院した.胸部単純写真で異常を指摘し得ないが, 胸部CT, MR検査で気管下部, 分岐部右側後壁から右主気管支上縁に3.0×2.3cmの腫瘤を認め, 縦隔, 気管への浸潤が疑われた.血清CEA値は249ng/mlと高値を示したが, 明らかな遠隔転移を認めず, 根治手術可能と判断した.右開胸で浸潤癒着する上大静脈食道壁を部分切除し, リンパ節郭清の後, 気管・気管支右壁を含めて上葉を切除した.最初切除端を広背筋で被覆する予定であったが, 主気管支軟骨輪の切除が予想以上に大きく, malasia様となるため右主気管支を管状に再切断し, 気管側壁に中間気管支を吻合した.術後の気管支鏡検査で吻合部の一部に白苔が付着し, 術後約3ヵ月この部からの過剰肉芽による呼吸困難が出現したがYAG-Laserによる焼灼により完治した.CEA値も正常化し, 術後11ヵ月健在である.
Triboelectric charging of lunar regolith simulant (2009)

We present an experimental investigation of the triboelectric charging behavior of lunar simulant (JSC‐1). Our experimental approach ensures that the JSC‐1 particles only make contact to other JSC‐1 particles during the charging process (and no other surfaces). The results show that charge segregation occurs such that smaller particles tend to charge negatively and larger particles charge positively. This particle‐size‐dependent charging follows behavior observed for other single‐component granular systems and appears to be universal.