gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Improved Structures of Modified CUK Converter using VLSI module (MCCVLSI) for High-Voltage Renewable Energy Applications (2018)

In this paper, an improved structures of modified CUK converter (MCC <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">VLSI</sub> ) is presented using Voltage Lift Switched Inductor (VLSI) module. The proposed converter provides a negative high DC voltage which is a doable solution for renewable energy applications. A three new modified CUK converter structures are derived with the help of VLSI module as; MCC <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">VLSI</sub> -XLL, MCC <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">VLSI</sub> -L YL and MCC <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">VLSI</sub> -LLZ. The complete mathematical analysis is provided to calculated voltage conversion ratio. Moreover, the proposed structures are compared with each others in terms of voltage conversion ratio and number of components. The working mode of MCC <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">VLSI</sub> -XLL is explained in details. The qualities of the presented structures are reviewed in details. The simulation results are provided and the obtained results show a good agreement with theoretical analysis.
Designing a Reliable IPTV Network (2009)

Meeting IPTV's quality of service constraints (such as low latency and loss) requires designing the right combination of underlying IP-transport, restoration, and video and packet recovery methods. Carriers use link-based fast reroute (FRR) as the primary transport restoration method to achieve this goal. Although we can carefully tune the link weights in the IP routing protocol to avoid traffic overlap from FRR during single link failures, multiple failures can still cause path overlap in long-distance networks. By having FRR, IGP, and multicast protocols work in harmony and with appropriate link weight assignments, this approach can help minimize path overlap during multiple failures.
In‐Memory Database Query (2020)

In recent years, several in‐memory logic primitives were proposed where bit‐wise logical operations are performed in memory by exploiting the physical attributes of memristive devices organized in a crossbar array. However, a convincing real‐world application for in‐memory logic and its experimental validation are still lacking. Herein, the application of database query where a database is stored in an array of binary memristive devices is presented. The queries are formulated in terms of bulk bit‐wise operations and are executed in memory by exploiting Kirchhoff's current summation law. The concept is experimentally demonstrated by executing error‐free queries on a small 4 × 8 selector‐less phase‐change memory crossbar. The impact of crossbar size, resistance of routing wires, and interdevice variability on the accuracy of the logical operations are studied through numerical and circuit‐level simulations. Finally, a system for cascaded query is proposed that combines the in‐memory logic with conventional digital logic and its functionality is verified on a healthcare‐related database. It is estimated that an 11‐step long query is executed in 36 ns, consuming 560 μW, thus achieving an energy efficiency of 166 TOPS/W.
A Dual Role of Lipocalin 2 in the Apoptosis and Deramification of Activated Microglia (2007)

Activated microglia are thought to undergo apoptosis as a self-regulatory mechanism. To better understand molecular mechanisms of the microglial apoptosis, apoptosis-resistant variants of microglial cells were selected and characterized. The expression of lipocalin 2 (lcn2) was significantly down-regulated in the microglial cells that were resistant to NO-induced apoptosis. lcn2 expression was increased by inflammatory stimuli in microglia. The stable expression of lcn2 as well as the addition of rLCN2 protein augmented the sensitivity of microglia to the NO-induced apoptosis, while knockdown of lcn2 expression using short hairpin RNA attenuated the cell death. Microglial cells with increased lcn2 expression were more sensitive to other cytotoxic agents as well. Thus, inflammatory activation of microglia may lead to up-regulation of lcn2 expression, which sensitizes microglia to the self-regulatory apoptosis. Additionally, the stable expression of lcn2 in BV-2 microglia cells induced a morphological change of the cells into the round shape with a loss of processes. Treatment of primary microglia cultures with the rLCN2 protein also induced the deramification of microglia. The deramification of microglia was closely related with the apoptosis-prone phenotype, because other deramification-inducing agents such as cAMP-elevating agent forskolin, ATP, and calcium ionophore also rendered microglia more sensitive to cell death. Taken together, our results suggest that activated microglia may secrete LCN2 protein, which act in an autocrine manner to sensitize microglia to the self-regulatory apoptosis and to endow microglia with an amoeboid form, a canonical morphology of activated microglia in vivo.
Computerized Histologic Image Based Risk Predictor (CHIRP): Identifying Disease Aggressiveness Using Sub-visual Image Cues from Image Data (2016)

With the advent of digital pathology, there is an opportunity to develop computerized image analysis methods to not just detect and diagnose disease from histopathology tissue sections, but to also attempt to predict risk of recurrence, predict disease aggressiveness and long term survival. At the Center for Computational Imaging and Personalized Diagnostics, our team has been developing a suite of image processing and computer vision tools, specifically designed to predict disease progression and response to therapy via the extraction and analysis of image-based "histological biomarkers" derived from digitized tissue biopsy specimens. These tools would serve as an attractive alternative to molecular based assays, which attempt to perform the same predictions. The fundamental hypotheses underlying our work are that: 1) the genomic expressions detected by molecular assays manifest as unique phenotypic alterations (i.e. histological biomarkers) visible in the tissue; 2) these histological biomarkers contain information necessary to predict disease progression and response to therapy; and 3) sophisticated computer vision algorithms are integral to the successful identification and extraction of these biomarkers. Brief description of recent findings for a few different tumors are summarized below.
Sources of 2ndHarmonic Generation in a Medical Ultrasound Probe (2018)

Tissue harmonic imaging is often the preferred ultrasound imaging modality due to its ability to suppress reverberations. The method requires good control on the transmit stage of the ultrasound scanner, as harmonics in the transmitted ultrasound pulses will interfere with the harmonics generated in the tissue during nonlinear propagation, degrading the image quality. In this study, a medical ultrasound probe used in tissue harmonic imaging was experimentally characterized for transmitted 2nd harmonic distortion. To investigate the phenomenon and push the system to the limit, transmit powers well above conventional operation level were tested. We observed transmit levels at the 2nd harmonic frequency up to -20 dB relative to the fundamental frequency. The transmit stage consists of high-voltage output electronics, cable, tuning network, and the acoustic transducer stack. By separating and measuring at different stages in the ultrasound transmit chain, the main source of 2nd harmonics in transmitted ultrasound pulses was identified as nonlinearities in the acoustic stack.
An Integrated Read/Write Head for Hybrid Recording (2002)

A proposed integrated read/write head for hybrid recording is described. This design features a thin film waveguide to deliver light to an aperture. This aperture is described in terms of the propagating modes of a ridge waveguide with a reduced cutoff frequency. Also included in this integrated head is a geometry that maintains the necessary coincidence of the optical and magnetic fields. The essential features of this design are very compatible with existing fabrication methods.
Heat-labileEscherichia colitoxin enhances the induction of allergen-specific IgG antibodies in epicutaneous patch vaccination (2016)

Epicutaneous allergen-specific immunotherapy (EPIT) is proposed as an alternative route for allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT). The induction of allergen-specific blocking IgG antibodies represents an important mechanism underlying AIT, but has not been investigated for EPIT. Here, we compared the induction of allergen-specific blocking IgG in outbred guinea pigs which had been immunized with recombinant birch pollen allergen Bet v 1 using patch delivery system (PDS) with or without heat-labile toxin (LT) from Escherichia coli or subcutaneously with aluminum hydroxide (Alum)-adsorbed rBet v 1. Only subcutaneous immunization with Alum-adsorbed rBet v 1 and epicutaneous administration of rBet v 1 with PDS in combination with LT from E. coli induced allergen-specific IgG antibodies blocking allergic patients' IgE, but not immunization with rBet v 1 via PDS alone. Our results suggest that patch vaccination with rBet v 1 in combination with LT may be a promising strategy for allergen-specific immunotherapy against birch pollen allergy.
Exploring Target Genes Involved in the Effect of Quercetin on the Response to Oxidative Stress in Caenorhabditis elegans (2019)

Quercetin is one the most abundant flavonoids in the human diet. Although it is well known that quercetin exhibits a range of biological activities, the mechanisms behind these activities remain unresolved. The aim of this work is to progress in the knowledge of the molecular mechanisms involved in the biological effects of quercetin using <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> as a model organism. With this aim, the nematode has been used to explore the ability of this flavonoid to modulate the insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF-1) signaling pathway (IIS) and the expression of some genes related to stress response. Different methodological approaches have been used, i.e., assays in knockout mutant worms, gene expression assessment by RT-qPCR, and <i>C. elegans</i> transgenic strains expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporters. The results showed that the improvement of the oxidative stress resistance of <i>C. elegans</i> induced by quercetin could be explained, at least in part, by the modulation of the insulin signaling pathway, involving genes <i>age-1, akt-1, akt-2, daf-18, sgk-1, daf-2</i>, and <i>skn-1</i>. However, this effect could be independent of the transcription factors DAF-16 and HSF-1 that regulate this pathway. Moreover, quercetin was also able to increase expression of <i>hsp-16.2</i> in aged worms. This observation could be of particular interest to explain the effects of enhanced lifespan and greater resistance to stress induced by quercetin in <i>C. elegans</i>, since the expression of many heat shock proteins diminishes in aging worms.
Quantifying the Varying Predictive Value of Physical Activity Measures Obtained from Wearable Accelerometers on All-Cause Mortality over Short to Medium Time Horizons in NHANES 2003–2006 (2020)

Physical activity measures derived from wearable accelerometers have been shown to be highly predictive of all-cause mortality. Prediction models based on traditional risk factors and accelerometry-derived physical activity measures are developed for five time horizons. The data set contains 2978 study participants between 50 and 85 years old with an average of 13.08 years of follow-up in the NHANES 2003-2004 and 2005-2006. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were fit separately for five datasets for one- to five-year all-cause mortality as outcome (number of events 46, 94, 155, 218, and 297, respectively). In univariate models the total activity count (TAC) was ranked first in all five horizons (AUC between 0.831 and 0.774) while the active to sedentary transition probability (ASTP) was ranked second for one- to four-year mortality models and fourth for the five-year all-cause mortality model (AUC between 0.825 and 0.735). In multivariate models age and ASTP were significant in all one- to five-year all-cause mortality prediction models. Physical activity measures are consistently among the top predictors, even after adjusting for demographic and lifestyle variables. Physical activity measures are strong stand-alone predictors and substantially improve the prediction performance of models based on traditional risk factors.
Small-molecule enhancers of autophagy modulate cellular disease phenotypes suggested by human genetics (2015)

Studies of human genetics and pathophysiology have implicated the regulation of autophagy in inflammation, neurodegeneration, infection, and autoimmunity. These findings have motivated the use of small-molecule probes to study how modulation of autophagy affects disease-associated phenotypes. Here, we describe the discovery of the small-molecule probe BRD5631 that is derived from diversity-oriented synthesis and enhances autophagy through an mTOR-independent pathway. We demonstrate that BRD5631 affects several cellular disease phenotypes previously linked to autophagy, including protein aggregation, cell survival, bacterial replication, and inflammatory cytokine production. BRD5631 can serve as a valuable tool for studying the role of autophagy in the context of cellular homeostasis and disease.
Fiber optic volatile organic compounds sensor based on polymer coated FBG refractometer (2011)

Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) refractometer for liquid refractive index monitoring and its applications have been widely studied in the past few decades. This paper proposes a novel fiber optic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) sensor, achieved by means of polymer film coated high performance FBG refractometer, i.e. cladding removed FBG or even core thinned FBG. Polymer film coated sensor has partial selectivity, which makes this kind of sensors suitable for optical nose systems. While being exposed to VOCs, the sensing layer swells and its refractive index changes at the same time. Transduction part of this sensor, the thinned FBG, works as both strain transducer and refractometer. The mathematical model of the FBG VOCs sensor is introduced and experimentally evaluated with OV-1 coated FBG refractometer, which shows partial selectivity to different vapors and about 100 ppm detection limit to toluene.
Effects of Inner Ear Trauma on the Risk of Pneumococcal Meningitis (2007)

Severe inner ear surgical trauma to the osseous spiral lamina and modiolus can increase the risk of pneumococcal meningitis. Therefore, every effort should be made to ensure that cochlear implant design and insertion technique cause minimal trauma to the bony structures of the inner ear to reduce the risk of pneumococcal meningitis.
Abstract 360: Detecting intracellular bRAF/cRAF dimerization using a novel luminescent complementation system (2016)

Abstract BRAF mutations can promote constitutive activation of MEK/ERK signaling, leading to unregulated cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. Although inhibitors targeting oncogenic BRAF have shown promise in preventing cell growth, these same inhibitors can paradoxically activate signaling by inducing BRAF interaction with CRAF. Methods for monitoring this undesired outcome are typically low throughput or use kinase binding domains modified with a membrane targeting sequence. We sought to develop a cell-based assay that could reliably detect dimerization of full-length BRAF/CRAF and could potentially be used to rapidly screen inhibitors for modulation of this interaction. To achieve this objective, we utilized a NanoLuc luciferase-based complementation reporter consisting of 1.3 kD (SmBiT) and 18 kD (LgBiT) fusion tags that reconstitute an active luciferase when brought into proximity. In this optimally configured BRAF/CRAF assay, BRAF-LgBiT and CRAF-SmBiT fusions are stably expressed in mammalian cells, and luminescence, indicative of protein interaction, is monitored using a live cell detection reagent. With this assay, we were able to observe rapid and dose-dependent induction of BRAF/CRAF dimerization in response to a panel of kinase inhibitors. The sensitivity and robustness of the assay permitted reliable screening in both 96- and 384-well formats (Z’ factors &amp;gt; 0.9 and 0.6, respectively). Furthermore, the brightness of the reporter allowed the assay to be monitored in individual cells using bioluminescence imaging. These results suggest this BRAF/CRAF complementation assay can enable rapid, high-throughput profiling of kinase inhibitors targeting the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Citation Format: Richard L. Somberg, Marie K. Schwinn, Michael R. Slater, Thomas Machleidt, Mei Cong, Keith V. Wood. Detecting intracellular bRAF/cRAF dimerization using a novel luminescent complementation system. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 360.
Impact of Glaucoma Severity and Laterality on Vision-Specific Functioning: The Singapore Malay Eye Study (2013)

Purpose.: We determined the impact of glaucoma severity and laterality on vision-specific functioning (VF) in an Asian population. Methods.: The Singapore Malay Eye Study (SiMES) was a population-based cross-sectional study of 3280 Malays aged 40 to 80 years. VF was assessed using the VF-11 questionnaire. Associations between VF-11 score and glaucoma clinical indices (glaucoma severity in better and worse eyes, and laterality) were determined by multivariate regression modeling. Glaucoma severity was defined as mild, moderate, advanced, and severe based on the Hodapp-Anderson-Parish system. Rasch analysis was used to validate the VF-11 and determine its psychometric properties. Results.: Of 926 persons analyzed, 123 had glaucoma (13.3% glaucoma prevalence in analyzed sample). The mean ± SD VF score was 3.64 ± 1.05 log of odds units (Logits). In multivariate models adjusting for sociodemographic, ocular, and systemic variables, poorer VF was associated with increasingly worse eye visual field loss (β = 0.016, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.004–0.029, P < 0.001), but not that of the better eye (P > 0.05). Compared to controls, VF was reduced in individuals with worse eye advanced and severe glaucoma (β = −0.65, 95% CI −1.03 to −0.28, P < 0.05), but not mild or moderate glaucoma (P > 0.05). Compared to controls, VF was reduced in unilateral (β = −0.29, 95% CI −0.54 to −0.04, P < 0.05), but not bilateral glaucoma (P > 0.05). These associations remained significant after adjusting for presenting and best-corrected visual acuity. Conclusions.: Among Singaporean Malays, unilateral, and advanced and severe glaucoma in the worse eye significantly impacts on VF. Identifying early-stage glaucoma, preventing progression, and visual rehabilitation in advanced glaucoma are important aspects of glaucoma management.
Dealing with Loud Neighbors: The Benefits and Tradeoffs of Adaptive Femtocell Access (2008)

Femtocells are low-power, very small-service-area (e.g. home or office environment) cellular base stations that will significantly impact the cellular landscape in the next several years. One of the most important open technical issues related to femtocells concerns the impact on system performance of different policies regarding who is allowed to connect to a femtocell. In the present paper, interaction between mobile stations (MS) that are near to, but not necessarily communicating with, femtocells is explored. It is shown that an adaptive femtocell access policy that takes specific account of the instantaneous loads on the network can lead to improved performance over a completely open, or completely closed approach.
Novel small structure for low profile antenna by analogy with EBG structure (2008)

By using the image theorem, the relation between the reflection phase of an infinite plane and the input impedance of the dipole antenna just above the plane has been discussed. It has been confirmed that the dipole antenna matches with 50Ω when the reflection phase is around π/2, and it is similar to the dipole antenna above an EBG structure. We have proposed the novel small structure which enables the dipole antenna to lay in low profile to the ground plane. The proposed structure rotates the reflection phase through a frequency band and the dipole antenna just above the structure matches with 50Ω when the reflection phase is around π/2. It is concluded that the periodicity of an EBG structure is NOT indispensable to realize a low profile antenna.
Lamin A/C deficiency causes defective nuclear mechanics and mechanotransduction (2004)

Mutations in the lamin A/C gene (LMNA) cause a variety of human diseases including Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, dilated cardiomyopathy, and Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome. The tissue-specific effects of lamin mutations are unclear, in part because the function of lamin A/C is incompletely defined, but the many muscle-specific phenotypes suggest that defective lamin A/C could increase cellular mechanical sensitivity. To investigate the role of lamin A/C in mechanotransduction, we subjected lamin A/C-deficient mouse embryo fibroblasts to mechanical strain and measured nuclear mechanical properties and strain-induced signaling. We found that Lmna-/- cells have increased nuclear deformation, defective mechanotransduction, and impaired viability under mechanical strain. NF-kappaB-regulated transcription in response to mechanical or cytokine stimulation was attenuated in Lmna-/- cells despite increased transcription factor binding. Lamin A/C deficiency is thus associated with both defective nuclear mechanics and impaired mechanically activated gene transcription. These findings suggest that the tissue-specific effects of lamin A/C mutations observed in the laminopathies may arise from varying degrees of impaired nuclear mechanics and transcriptional activation.
Effects of helium and other inert gases on Echinosphaerium nucleofilum (protozoa, heliozoa) (1975)

The effects of helium, nitrogen, argon and krypton on Echinosphaerium nucleofilum (Heliozoa) have been studied at partial pressures of 10-130 atm. Additional experiments have been carried out with hydrostatic pressure alone. Helium causes shortening of the axopods over the whole range of pressures, and damage to the cell body at pressures of 60-90 atm, both with a maximum at 80 atm. These effects cannot be explained in terms of hydrostatic pressure alone; a 'pressure reversal' effect may be operating, causing the peak at 80 atm. Nitrogen also causes both cell damage and axopod shortening, the severity increasing with increasing pressure. Argon and krypton cause cell damage but no shortening. The order of potency for cell damage is krypton greater than argon greater than nitrogen greater than helium. It is suggested that there may be tuo sites of action, possibly the microtubules (for axopod shortening) and the cell membrane (for cell damage). In appropriate mixtures of helium and argon, both the cell damage usually caused by argon, and the axopod shortening usually caused by helium, are prevented. Possible mechanisms include the effects of hydrostatic pressure on gas solubility coefficients, reversal of the effects of the gases by the increase in total pressure, and competition for sites of action.