gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Smart Method for Monitoring and Scheming Of Road Luminosity Using GSM Equipment (2018)

In our modern life, energy wastage in Streetlight is a big problem faced in walkways and roads during dawn and dusk. These days, the present road light structures are wired which are hard to make and has poor adaptability. During the daytime, the battery gets charged by sun rays, and the energy can be used to power the road lights at night time. The structure regards sun situated cell foundation. It is like manner delineates the usage of remote sensor frameworks using GSM for streetlight checking and control. This system would give remote access to streetlight upkeep and monitoring. It likewise talks about a perceptive framework that takes programmed choices for sparkling control (ON/OFF/DIMMING) considering encompassing light power and time both at a similar minute. The data collected from the sensor is given to the microcontroller of one unit, and at the same time, the SMS is sent through GSM to the Raspberry PI microcontroller to monitor and control the street light.
Carbogen-induced changes in rat mammary tumour oxygenation reported by near infrared spectroscopy (1999)

We have evaluated the ability of steady-state, radially-resolved, broad-band near infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy to measure carbogen-induced changes in haemoglobin oxygen saturation (SO2) and total haemoglobin concentration in a rat R3230 mammary adenocarcinoma model in vivo. Detectable shifts toward higher saturations were evident in all tumours (n = 16) immediately after the onset of carbogen breathing. The SO2 reached a new equilibrium within 1 min and remained approximately constant during 200–300 s of administration. The return to baseline saturation was more gradual when carbogen delivery was stopped. The degree to which carbogen increased SO2 was variable among tumours, with a tendency for tumours with lower initial SO2 to exhibit larger changes. Tumour haemoglobin concentrations at the time of peak enhancement were also variable. In the majority of cases, haemoglobin concentration decreased in response to carbogen, indicating that increased tumour blood volume was not responsible for the observed elevation in SO2. We observed no apparent relationship between the extent of the change in tumour haemoglobin concentration and the magnitude of the change in the saturation. Near infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy provides a rapid, non-invasive means of monitoring spatially averaged changes in tumour haemoglobin oxygen saturation induced by oxygen modifiers.
Comparison of diagnostic methods for detection of active infection with Tritrichomonas foetus in beef heifers (1998)

Use of the commercial medium is a more sensitive indicator of current infection in heifers than use of generic TYM medium. In herds where infection prevalence is high, this method is likely to identify more infected females, an important consideration when control programs include culling of infected cows.
Effects of Stepwise Denervation of the Stellate Ganglion: Novel Insights from an Acute Canine Study (2016)

Background The stellate ganglion (SG) is important for cardiac autonomic control. SG modification is an option for treating refractory ventricular tachyarrhythmias. The optimal extent of left- and right-sided SG denervation necessary for antiarrhythmic effect, however, remains to be learned. Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of stepwise SG denervation on hemodynamic and electrophysiological parameters in dogs. Methods After sequential left and right thoracotomy in 8 healthy dogs, the SG was exposed by dissection. Two pacing wires were placed in the upper SG to deliver high-frequency stimulation. The lower SG, ansae subclaviae, and upper SG were removed in a stepwise manner. The same protocol was performed on the right side. Blood pressure (BP), heart rate, and electrophysiological parameters were recorded at baseline and after 5 minutes of stimulation. Results Systolic and diastolic BP significantly increased during stimulation of the upper left SG. The mean increase in systolic BP from baseline was 49.4 ± 26.6 mm Hg ( P = .007), 25.5 ± 14.1 mm Hg after the lower SG was removed ( P = .02), and 8.6 ± 3.4 mm Hg after resection of the ipsilateral ansae subclaviae ( P = .048). Heart rate and other electrophysiological parameters did not change significantly. After the complete removal of the left SG, systolic BP increased by 34.0 ± 17.6 mm Hg ( P = .005) after stimulation of the right SG. Conclusion Sympathetic output remains after the lower SG is removed, and sympathetic output from the right SG remains after the complete resection of the left SG and ansae subclaviae. Thus, some patients who undergo left SG denervation can still have significant sympathetic response via right SG regulation.
Unobtrusive indoor surveillance of patients at home using multiple Kinect sensors (2013)

In this paper we propose a system for unobtrusive automated indoor surveillance of subjects in indoor environment using the Kinect sensor. We demonstrate that the features of identity, location and activity of a person can be detected with considerable accuracy using the system. Further, we show how existing design patterns can be used to create a data parallel and scalable architecture for such surveillance in real-time.
DEVELOPMENT OF A SURGICAL PROTOCOL FOR INFUSION OF PARAMAGNETIC MICROPARTICLES FOR PREFERENTIAL INCORPORATION WITHIN PORCINE ISLETS (2010)

Rizzari, M. D.; Suszynski, T. M.; Kidder, L. S.; Stein, S. A.; O'Brien, T. D.; Scott, W. E. III; Kirchner, V. A.; Weegman, B. P.; Avgoustiniatos, E. S.; Todd, P. W.; Kennedy, D. J.; Hammer, B. E.; Sutherland, D. E.; Hering, B. J.; Papas, K. K. Author Information
SToN: A New Fundamental Trade-off for Distributed Data Storage Systems (2022)

Locating data efficiently is a key process in every distributed data storage solution and particularly those deployed in multi-site environments, such as found in Cloud and Fog computing. Nevertheless, the existing protocols dedicated to this task are not compatible with the requirements of the infrastructures that underlie such computing paradigms. In this paper, we initially review three fundamental mechanisms from which the existing protocols are used to locate data. We will demonstrate that these mechanisms all face the same set of limitations and seem to have a trade-off in three distinct domains of interest, namely, i) the scalability, ii) the ability to deal with the network topology changes and iii) the constraints on the data naming process. After laying out our motivation and identifying the related trade-offs in existing systems, we finally propose a conjecture (and provide a proof for this conjecture) stating that these three properties cannot be met simultaneously, which we believe is a new fundamental trade-off the distributed storage systems using the three fundamental mechanisms have to face. We conclude by discussing some of the implications of this novel result.
Fault Tolerance in Critical Information Systems (2001)

Critical infrastructure applications provide services upon which society depends heavily; such applications require constant, dependable operation in the face of various failures, natural disasters, and other disruptive events that might cause a loss of service. These applications are themselves dependent on distributed information systems for all aspects of their operation, so survivability of these critical information systems is an important issue. Survivability is the ability of a system to continue to provide service, though possibly alternate or degraded, in the face of various types of failure and disruption. A fundamental mechanism by which survivability can be achieved in critical information systems is fault tolerance. Much of the literature on fault-tolerant distributed systems focuses on tolerance of local faults by detecting and masking the effects of those faults. I describe a direction for fault tolerance in the face of non-local faults—faults whose effects have significant non-local impact, sometimes widespread and sometimes catastrophic—where often the effects of these faults cannot be masked using available resources. The goal is to recognize these non-local faults through detection and analysis, then to provide continued service (possibly alternate or degraded) by reconfiguring the system in response to these faults. A specification-based approach to fault tolerance, called RAPTOR, is presented that enables systematic structuring of formal specifications for error detection and recovery, utilizes a translator to synthesize portions of the implementation from the formal specifications, and provides an implementation architecture supporting fault-tolerance activities. The RAPTOR approach consists of three specifications describing the fault-tolerant system, the errors to be detected, and the actions to take to recover from those errors. The RAPTOR System includes a synthesizer, the Fault Tolerance Translator, to generate implementation of code components from the specifications to perform error detection and recovery activities. In addition, a novel implementation architecture incorporates the generated code as part of an infrastructure supporting fault tolerance at both the node and system levels. Finally, the solution approach is explored and evaluated through the use of case studies and experiments in two critical infrastructure application domains.
Hydrogen embrittlement of high-strength steels in thiosulphate solutions (2023)

The susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement of supermartensitic stainless steel (S13Cr), martensitic-ferritic stainless steel (17Cr), carbon steel (P110) and austenitic-ferritic stainless steels (2205 and 2507) was evaluated by slow strain rate tests using a modified NACE TM-0177 solution, with 10–3M NaS2O3 substituting the saturated H2S standard solution. Tests were conducted at 25°C, pH 2.7 and under galvanostatic polarisation with a cathodic charging of 10 mA/cm2. S13Cr, 17Cr, P110 and 2507 steels were susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement inthiosulphate, with S13Cr and 17Cr being the most sensitive to this mechanism, while 2205 showed no sign of ductility loss. This harmful effect was attributed to the hydrogen sulphide generated from thiosulphate.
Preparation of (Ba, Sr)TiO3 Thin Films by Chemical Vapor Deposition Using Liquid Sources (1994)

Thin films of (Ba, Sr)TiO 3 with high dielectric constant were prepared on Pt/SiO 2 /Si substrates of 6-inch-diameter by chemical vapor deposition using liquid sources. Ba(DPM) 2 and Sr(DPM) 2 dissolved into tetrahydrofuran were vaporized in a vaporizer at 523 K, and Ti(O-i-C 3 H 7 ) 4 was bubbled at 313 K. The mixture of the source vapors with O 2 and N 2 O was supplied to the reactor (10 Torr) at uniform velocities through a shower-type nozzle, which realized uniform profiles in the deposited film thickness and composition. The electrical properties are significantly influenced by the film composition, and the typical properties obtained for a 800-Å-thick film prepared at the substrate temperature of 823 K are an equivalent SiO 2 thickness t eq of 5.2 Å, a leakage current J L of 2.4× 10 -6 A/cm 2 (at 1.65 V), and a dielectric loss tan δ of 0.07.
Mechanism of Cationic Phosphorus Dendrimer Toxicity against Murine Neural Cell Lines (2013)

The purpose of this manuscript is to study the toxic responses against murine embryonic hippocampal cells (mHippoE-18) and neuroblastoma cells (N2a) to treatment with cationic phosphorus dendrimers (CPD). Two low generations of CPD--generation 2 (G2) and generation 3 (G3)--were applied to cell cultures to monitor events leading to either apoptosis or necrosis. These processes were analyzed using several bioassays, which included the detection of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) alterations, morphology changes, apoptotic and dead cells, cytochrome c (Cyt c) release, caspase 3 activity, DNA fragmentation, as well as changes in cell cycle phases distribution. The results showed that CPD became highly cytotoxic at concentrations above 1 μM and at 0.7 μM in the case of G3 for mHippoE-18 cells. The toxicity was manifested by a pronounced decrease in cell viability, which is correlated with disturbances in cellular activities, such as massive ROS generation. The breakdown of cellular processes leads mainly to the necrotic cell death. Our findings are of high importance in the context of further biomedical studies on CPD.
Growth and optical properties of GaAsSb quantum wells for 1.3 μm VCSELs (2001)

We report compositional dependencies of the 2d–3d growth mode transition for GaAsSb on GaAs. In addition, Sb incorporation, desorption, and segregation versus growth temperature and V/III ratio are measured by secondary-ion-mass spectroscopy. Photoluminescence investigations of Sb compositional dependence of GaAsSb quantum wells and confinement in heterojunctions are reported.
Effect of Loss Functions on Domain Adaptation in Semantic Segmentation (2021)

In this paper, it is analyzed how different loss functions affect the performance of domain adaptation in the field of semantic segmentation. Semantic segmentation is a pixel-wise classification problem of an image. Large amounts of annotated data are required to train successfully in multi-parameter deep learning architectures. In recent years, several works have demonstrated that synthetic datasets are a good alternative since they are automatically annotated in virtual environments. However, due to the different distribution of source and target datasets, there is a decrease in performance. Domain adaptation methods address this problem by decreasing gap between source and target data. In this study, it is investigated that the effect of Cross- Entropy, Lovasz-Softmax, Dice Coefficient, Tversky and mean Intersection-over-Union Loss functions on domain adaptation in semantic segmentation. For our study, KITTI and Virtual KITTI datasets are used for real and synthetic images respectively. By evaluating the quantitative results, it is observed that the Dice Coefficient is relatively more successful.
Innovative High Performance Steel Girders for Highway Bridges (2003)

Under certain conditions, high performance steel (HPS) bridge girder designs are controlled by design limits that are not influenced by steel strength, and, thus, the use of HPS may be uneconomical. Innovative bridge girders have been proposed to overcome these design limits. The paper focuses on I-shaped girders with corrugated webs and I-shaped girders with tubular flanges. Design criteria are proposed and limited design studies showing some advantages of these innovations are presented.
Intrusions in Marked Renewal Processes (2017)

We present a probabilistic model of an intrusion in a marked renewal process. Given a process and a sequence of events, an intrusion is a subsequence of events that is not produced by the process. Applications of the model are, for example, online payment fraud with the fraudster taking over a user's account and performing payments on the user's behalf, or unexpected equipment failures due to unintended use. 
We adopt Bayesian approach to infer the probability of an intrusion in a sequence of events, a MAP subsequence of events constituting the intrusion, and the marginal probability of each event in a sequence to belong to the intrusion. We evaluate the model for intrusion detection on synthetic data, as well as on anonymized data from an online payment system.
ChemInform Abstract: Linearly Fused vs Bridged Regioselection in the Intramolecular 1,3‐Diyl Trapping Reaction. (1990)

Abstract The isobutenol (I) is coupled with the 1‐bromo‐3‐siloxypropane (II) to produce the hexanediol derivative (III).
Deep optical imaging of tissue using the second and third near-infrared spectral windows (2014)

Light at wavelengths in the near-infrared (NIR) region allows for deep penetration and minimal absorption through high scattering tissue media. NIR light has been conventionally used through the first NIR optical tissue window with wavelengths from 650 to 950 nm. Longer NIR wavelengths had been overlooked due to major water absorption peaks and a lack of NIR-CCD detectors. The second NIR spectral window from 1100 to 1350 nm and a new spectral window from 1600 to 1870 nm, known as the third NIR optical window, were investigated. Optical attenuation measurements from thin tissue slices of normal and malignant breast and prostate tissues, pig brain, and chicken tissue were obtained in the spectral range from 400 to 2500 nm. Optical images of chicken tissue overlying three black wires were also obtained using the second and third spectral windows. Due to a reduction in scattering and minimal absorption, longer attenuation lengths and clearer optical images could be seen in the second and third NIR optical windows compared to the conventional first NIR optical window. A possible fourth optical window centered at 2200 nm was noted.
The crystal structure and electrical/thermal transport properties of Li 1−x Sn 2+x P 2 and its performance as a Li-ion battery anode material (2021)

The physical and chemical properties of Li <sub>1−x</sub> Sn <sub>2+x</sub> P <sub>2</sub> are affected by Li/Sn mixed occupation with local ordering.
Laser-based generation of precise functional structures and components (2013)

Functionalization of surfaces as well as the precise generation of metallic components are increasingly required in specific applications, especially in aviation, medical technology and micro tooling industry. The utilization of such parts is not only combined with beneficial properties including, for example, almost no porosity or cracking even on complex shaped parts, but also high flexibility and high robustness in processing. Some applications even require rapid adaptations of the generated geometry, e. g. to satisfy personal requirements of patients in the area of medical parts. By means of strongly reduced melt pool dimensions the generation of miniaturized structures and components can be realized up to a detail resolution within the double-digit micrometer range. This can be reached by the use of suitable laser sources (e. g. fiber and disc lasers). It also requires the implementation of precise powder nozzle systems, modified process equipment and new coating strategies supported by CAD/CAM interfaces. High precision laser cladding yields small heat affected zones and improved near-net shape contours. The interaction of complementary equipment permits a good reproducibility, but typically a rather low deposition rate. The comparison with high productive laser cladding which is characterized by deposition rates up to 15 kg/h shows the huge variability of this process. Hence, there is almost an order of magnitude of three between the smallest and the largest laser cladded weld bead track.
Exploring Aromatic Chemical Space with NEAT: Novel and Electronically Equivalent Aromatic Template (2012)

In this paper, we describe a lead transformation tool, NEAT (Novel and Electronically equivalent Aromatic Template), which can help identify novel aromatic rings that are estimated to have similar electrostatic potentials, dipoles, and hydrogen bonding capabilities to a query template; hence, they may offer similar bioactivity profiles. In this work, we built a comprehensive heteroaryl database, and precalculated high-level quantum mechanical (QM) properties, including electrostatic potential charges, hydrogen bonding ability, dipole moments, chemical reactivity, and othe properties. NEAT bioisosteric similarities are based on the electrostatic potential surface calculated by Brood, using the precalculated QM ESP charges and other QM properties. Compared with existing commercial lead transformation software, (1) NEAT is the only one that covers the comprehensive heteroaryl chemical space, and (2) NEAT offers a better characterization of novel aryl cores by using high-evel QM properties that are relevant to molecular interactions. NEAT provides unique value to medicinal chemists quickly exploring the largely uncharted aromatic chemical space, and one successful example of its application is discussed herein.
The Longest Period TESS Planet Yet: A Sub-Neptune Transiting A Bright, Nearby K Dwarf Star (2018)

The future of exoplanet science is bright, as TESS once again demonstrates with the discovery of its longest-period confirmed planet to date. We hereby present HD 21749b (TOI 186.01), a sub-Neptune in a 36-day orbit around a bright (V = 8.1) nearby (16 pc) K4.5 dwarf. TESS measures HD21749b to be 2.61$^{+0.17}_{-0.16}$ $R_{\oplus}$, and combined archival and follow-up precision radial velocity data put the mass of the planet at $22.7^{+2.2}_{-1.9}$ $M_{\oplus}$. HD 21749b contributes to the TESS Level 1 Science Requirement of providing 50 transiting planets smaller than 4 $R_{\oplus}$ with measured masses. Furthermore, we report the discovery of HD 21749c (TOI 186.02), the first Earth-sized ($R_p = 0.892^{+0.064}_{-0.058} R_{\oplus}$) planet from TESS. The HD21749 system is a prime target for comparative studies of planetary composition and architecture in multi-planet systems.
Probing Mitochondrial Function in Intact Fetal Brains with Ungated 4D Oxy-wavelet MRI in an Irradiation Injury Mouse Model (2023)

A novel motion-and-time resolved 4D oxy-wavelet MRI (4D-fMRI acquired with oscillating hypoxia challenges, analyzed by a continuous wavelet transform mimicking experimental oscillations) can acquire fetal MRI with high spatiotemporal resolution and can probe mitochondrial functions in live fetal brains. 4D oxy-wavelet MRI outcomes were validated with Oroboros mitochondrial function assays and correlated with mitochondrial targeting drug JP4-039 in a fetal irradiation injury mouse model. The mouse fetuses showed poor 4D oxy-wavelet outcomes had poor mitochondrial functions and vice versa. Furthermore, an automated time-frequency analysis scheme can correctly differentiate normal vs irradiated fetuses, paving the way for future AI-based automatic diagnosis.
Immunochemical Analysis of the Temporal and Tissue-Specific Expression of an Avena sativa Plasma Membrane Determinant (1992)

An immunoglobulin Mk monoclonal (F8IVE9) antibody raised against oat (Avena sativa cv Garry) root homogenate has been produced and characterized. The predominant target bound by this antibody is a 62-kilodalton protein (p62) that is expressed in both oat root and oat shoot cells. Treatment of the oat antigen with periodate, or with recombinant N-glycanase, affects the F8IVE9 binding to the antigen, suggesting that the specific epitope for this monoclonal antibody involves a carbohydrate determinant. Levels of p62 present in cells of the oat root increase approximately twofold as the root tissue matures during the first 11 days postgermination. In contrast, levels of expression in shoot tissue remain relatively constant during the same period. The p62 antigen has been shown to be expressed at the plasma membrane by immunohistochemical means, by immunofluorescent labeling of protoplasts, and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis of purified plasma membrane. The F8IVE9 antigenic target appears to be uniformly distributed through root tissue but is differentially expressed in specific sections of the shoot. F8IVE9 antibody also binds to antigens expressed in a number of other species, including clover, corn, pea, broccoli, mustard, and bean, and has been shown to bind to Samanea protoplast plasma membranes. This monoclonal antibody may prove to be useful for a variety of investigations, including an analysis of the specific patterns of cellular differentiation that occur during early morphogenesis, and the characterization of plasma membrane-associated elements in plants.