gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structure and Phase Behavior of Bottlebrush Diblock Copolymer-Linear Homopolymer Ternary Blends (2023)

In this work, we systematically investigated the structure and phase behavior of ternary mixtures containing an AB bottlebrush diblock copolymer and A and B linear homopolymers, where A is polystyrene and B is poly(ethylene oxide), using a combination of small-angle X-ray scattering and cloud point measurements. We found that the overall phase behavior of such mixtures closely resembles the linear counterparts, with lamellae occurring in the copolymer-rich region, macrophase separation in the homopolymer-rich region, and a bicontinuous microemulsion in between. However, the increase in lamellar and microemulsion domain spacing with increasing homopolymer content is significantly weaker than that found with ternary mixtures containing linear diblock copolymers and depends on the relative size of the homopolymers and bottlebrush side chains. We attribute this behavior to an unconventional spatial distribution of the homopolymer within the bottlebrush architecture of the diblock copolymer. These ternary mixtures offer a promising platform for the design of cocontinuous materials with an expanded parameter space made possible by the application of bottlebrush polymers.
Potential Applications of Advanced Nano/Hydrogels in Biomedicine: Static, Dynamic, Multi‐Stage, and Bioinspired (2020)

Abstract Novel advanced hydrogels can provide a versatile platform for controlled delivery and release of various cargos, with a myriad of biomedical applications. These gel‐based nanostructures possess good biocompatibility, biodegradability, flexibility, multifunctionality, can respond to internal or external stimuli, and can adapt to their surrounding environment. This new generation of hydrogels is not only capable of serving as targeted drug delivery vehicles, but they can also perform a variety of tasks within living cells and organisms. In this review, advanced hydrogels are classified as static, dynamic, multi‐stage, or bioinspired. They can be used as cell‐free gene expression platforms for gene therapy. Administration of nanogel‐based sprays can act as an immunovaccine priming macrophages toward the M1 phenotype to avoid cancer recurrence following surgery. Nanogels can also serve as a dual biosensing and capture platform for liquid biopsies, and can recognize and remove circulating cancer cells from the blood of cancer patients.
The versican C-type lectin domain recognizes the adhesion protein tenascin-R. (1995)

The core proteins of large chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans contain a C-type lectin domain. The lectin domain of one of these proteoglycans, versican, was expressed as a recombinant 15-kDa protein and shown to bind to insolubilized fucose and GlcNAc. The lectin domain showed strong binding in a gel blotting assay to a glycoprotein doublet in rat brain extracts. The binding was calcium dependent and abolished by chemical deglycosylation treatment of the ligand glycoprotein. The versican-binding glycoprotein was identified as the cell adhesion protein tenascin-R, and versican and tenascin-R were both found to be localized in the granular layer of rat cerebellum. These results show that the versican lectin domain is a binding domain with a highly targeted specificity. It may allow versican to assemble complexes containing proteoglycan, an adhesion protein, and hyaluronan.
Sustained Correction of Motoneuron Histopathology Following Intramuscular Delivery of AAV in Pompe Mice (2013)

Pompe disease is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the acid-α glucosidase (GAA) gene. Lingual dysfunction is prominent but does not respond to conventional enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). Using Pompe (Gaa(-/-)) mice, we tested the hypothesis that intralingual delivery of viral vectors encoding GAA results in GAA expression and glycogen clearance in both tongue myofibers and hypoglossal (XII) motoneurons. An intralingual injection of an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector encoding GAA (serotypes 1 or 9; 1 × 10(11) vector genomes, CMV promoter) was performed in 2-month-old Gaa(-/-) mice, and tissues were harvested 4 months later. Both serotypes robustly transduced tongue myofibers with histological confirmation of GAA expression (immunochemistry) and glycogen clearance (Period acid-Schiff stain). Both vectors also led to medullary transgene expression. GAA-positive motoneurons did not show the histopathologic features which are typical in Pompe disease and animal models. Intralingual injection with the AAV9 vector resulted in approximately threefold more GAA-positive XII motoneurons (P < 0.02 versus AAV1); the AAV9 group also gained more body weight over the course of the study (P < 0.05 versus AAV1 and sham). We conclude that intralingual injection of AAV1 or AAV9 drives persistent GAA expression in tongue myofibers and motoneurons, but AAV9 may more effectively target motoneurons.
Electrodeposition of Metal Nanostructures by Galvanic Displacement Powered with Insoluble Crystals of a Ferrocene Derivative (2004)

The deposition of metal nanostructures (wires and particles) on a graphite surface from an aqueous electrolyte solution was induced by galvanic displacement, via the oxidation of insoluble crystals of a ferrocene derivative (either n-butyl ferrocene or decamethyl ferrocene) present on the same substrate. Micron-to-millimetre-scale crystallites of decamethyl ferrocene were deposited on the graphite surface by evaporation from a solution of a nonpolar solvent (1,2-dichloroethane). Immersion of this modified surface into a dilute solution of a metal ion (e.g., CuII, AgI, PdII, PtII and others) caused the deposition of metal nanoparticles at step edges present on the graphite surface. The reducing equivalents required for the metal deposition process are provided by oxidation of the ferrocene derivative on the surface, as directly evidenced by elemental analysis and chronoamperometric experimental data presented here.
Dynamic Service Composition in Pervasive Computing (2007)

Service-oriented architectures (SOAs) promise to provide transparency to resource access by exposing the resources available as services. SOAs have been employed within pervasive computing systems to provide essential support to user tasks by creating services representing the available resources. The mechanism of combining two or more basic services into a possibly complex service is known as service composition. Existing solutions to service composition employ a template-matching approach, where the user needs are expressed as a request template, and through composition, a system would identify services to populate the entities within the request template. However, with the dynamism involved in pervasive environments, the user needs have to be met by exploiting available resources, even when an exact match does not exist. In this paper, we present a novel service composition mechanism for pervasive computing. We employ the service-oriented middleware platform called Pervasive Information Communities Organization (PICO) to model and represent resources as services. The proposed service composition mechanism models services as directed attributed graphs, maintains a repository of service graphs, and dynamically combines multiple basic services into complex services. Further, we present a hierarchical overlay structure created among the devices to exploit the resource unevenness, resulting in the capability of providing essential service-related support to resource-poor devices. Results of extensive simulation studies are presented to illustrate the suitability of the proposed mechanism in meeting the challenges of pervasive computing-user mobility, heterogeneity, and the uncertain nature of involved resources.
Implementation of a distributed microgrid controller on the Resilient Information Architecture Platform for Smart Systems (RIAPS) (2017)

Formation of microgrids have been proposed as a solution to improve grid reliability, and enable smoother integration of renewables into the grid. Microgrids are sections of the grid that can operate in isolation from the main power system. Maintaining power balance within an islanded microgrid is a challenging task, due to the low system inertia, which requires complex control to maintain stable and optimized operation. Many studies have demonstrated feasible distributed microgrid controllers that can maintain microgrid stability in grid connected and islanded modes. However, there is little emphasis on how to implement these distributed algorithms on a computational platform that allows for fast and seamless deployment. This paper introduces a decentralized software platform called Resilient Information Architecture Platform for Smart Systems (RIAPS) that runs on processors embedded with the microgrid component. As an example, we describe the implementation of a distributed microgrid secondary control and resynchronization algorithms on RIAPS platform. The controller developed on RIAPS platform is validated on a real-time microgrid testbed.
Particle Contamination Control Technology in Electron Beam Mask Writing System for Next-Generation Mask Fabrication (2002)

An in-situ measurement system for particles in an electron beam (EB) writer is developed to improve mask yield management. The system has satisfied the required installation specifications for a mask blank inspection system for the EB writer, and the results of an experiment using the system prove that particles added from the mask handling system in our EB writer satisfy the total particle count specification (<1.25 counts/cycle for 6 inch mask). The investigation of particle increase after repeated mask movement has been carried out in each segmented mask handling route. It has been clarified that the segmentation test using this system is helpful for investigation of the origin of particle production on a mask. Effective application of information such as particle position and size obtained by this system will be very useful for improving mask yield management in the mask fabrication process in terms of pattern inspection and repair system.
Gigantism Due to Pituitary Mammosomatotroph Hyperplasia (1990)

Hypersecretion of growth hormone during childhood causes excessive linear growth and gigantism. Acromegaly results from the hypersecretion of growth hormone after epiphyseal fusion. Children with gigantism may also have acromegalic physical characteristics, such as enlargement of the hands and feet, soft-tissue thickening, prognathism, and coarse facial features.1 2 3 Laboratory findings in children with an excess of growth hormone are similar to those in adults and include elevated serum levels of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), a paradoxical increase in serum levels of growth hormone after the administration of thyrotropin-releasing hormone, and the lack of growth hormone suppression after . . .
Synthèse totale de 11-hétéro stéroides (2000)

La condensation du l,8-bis(trimethylsilyl)octa-2,6-diene (BISTRO) sur l'anhydride chloroacetique suivie d'un traitement en milieu basique, conduit a l'epoxyde divinylcyclopentane spiranique. Ce dernier permet d'acceder facilement a des precurseurs possedant un heteroatome. La formation du diol et du thioacetate nous a permis de realiser les premieres syntheses totales de 11-oxa et 11-thia steroides en seulement cinq etapes a partir du BISTRO avec des rendements respectifs de 7 et 18 %. La tres bonne selectivite des reactions de Diels-Alder conduit tres majoritairement aux composes de stereochimie naturelle trans-anti-trans. Nous avons egalement mis au point une nouvelle synthese totale de 11-aza steroides en 6 etapes a partir du BISTRO avec des rendements superieurs a 25 %. On observe une tres bonne selectivite en faveur des composes de stereochimie cis-anti-trans. La suite de notre travail a consiste a fonctionnaliser les divers steroides obtenus. Dans une derniere partie. Nous avons mis a profit la diversite synthetique des precurseurs divinylcyclopentaniques pour realiser la synthese de bicyclo[5. 3. 0]decane de stereochimie cis par reaction de metathese avec le catalyseur de Grubbs
Antitumor Vaccination with Synthetic mRNA: Strategies for In Vitro and In Vivo Preclinical Studies (2012)

Synthetic antigen-encoding mRNA is increasingly exploited as a tool for delivery of genetic information of complete antigens into professional antigen presenting dendritic cells for HLA haplotype-independent antigen-specific vaccination against cancer. Two strategies for mRNA-based antitumor vaccination have emerged into the clinical setting. One is transfection of autologous dendritic cells with synthetic mRNA for adoptive transfer into the patient. The other is direct injection of naked synthetic mRNA. Both methods have proven to be feasible and safe and to elicit antigen-specific immune responses. The design of novel synthetic vaccines employing synthetic mRNA requires further in-depth investigation of its bioavailability and immune pharmacology. This chapter summarizes the state-of-art in this field and describes methods elementary for preclinical studies of mRNA-based antitumor vaccine protocols.
NIK–IKK complex interaction controls NF-κB-dependent inflammatory activation of endothelium in response to LTβR ligation (2019)

NF-κB-inducing kinase (NIK; also known as MAP3K14) is a central regulator of non-canonical NF-κB signaling in response to stimulation of TNF receptor superfamily members, such as the lymphotoxin-β receptor (LTβR), and is implicated in pathological angiogenesis associated with chronic inflammation and cancer. Here, we identify a previously unrecognized role of the LTβR-NIK axis during inflammatory activation of human endothelial cells (ECs). Engagement of LTβR-triggered canonical and non-canonical NF-κB signaling promoted expression of inflammatory mediators and adhesion molecules, and increased immune cell adhesion to ECs. Sustained LTβR-induced inflammatory activation of ECs was NIK dependent, but independent of p100, indicating that the non-canonical arm of NF-κB is not involved. Instead, prolonged activation of canonical NF-κB signaling, through the interaction of NIK with IκB kinase α and β (also known as CHUK and IKBKB, respectively), was required for the inflammatory response. Endothelial inflammatory activation induced by synovial fluid from rheumatoid arthritis patients was significantly reduced by NIK knockdown, suggesting that NIK-mediated alternative activation of canonical NF-κB signaling is a key driver of pathological inflammatory activation of ECs. Targeting NIK could thus provide a novel approach for treating chronic inflammatory diseases.
New upper bounds on error exponents (1999)

We derive new upper bounds on the error exponents for the maximum-likelihood decoding and error detecting in the binary symmetric channels. This is an improvement on the best earlier known bounds by Shannon-Gallager-Berlekamp (1967) and McEliece-Omura (1977). For the probability of undetected error the new bounds are better than the bounds by Levenshtein (1978, 1989) and the bound by Abdel-Ghaffar (see ibid., vol.43, p.1489-502, 1997). Moreover, we further extend the range of rates where the undetected error exponent is known to be exact. The new bounds are based on an analysis of possible distance distributions of the codes along with some inequalities relating the distance distributions to the error probabilities.
The C-terminal tail of TRIM56 dictates antiviral restriction of influenza A and B viruses by impeding viral RNA synthesis (2016)

Abstract Accumulating data suggest that tripartite motif-containing (TRIM) proteins participate in host responses to viral infections, either by acting as direct antiviral restriction factors or through regulating innate immune signaling of the host. Of &amp;gt;70 TRIMs, TRIM56 is a restriction factor of several positive-strand RNA viruses, including three members of the family Flaviviridae (yellow fever virus, dengue virus and bovine viral diarrhea virus) and a human coronavirus (OC43), and this ability invariably depends upon the E3 ligase activity of TRIM56. However, the impact of TRIM56 on negative-strand RNA viruses remains unclear. Herein, we show TRIM56 puts a check on replication of influenza A and B viruses in cell culture, but does not inhibit Sendai virus or human Metapneumovirus, two paramyxoviruses. Interestingly, the anti-influenza activity was independent of the E3 ligase activity, B-box, or coiled-coil domains. Rather, deletion of a 63-residue long, C-terminal tail portion of TRIM56 abrogated the antiviral function. Moreover, expression of this short C-terminal segment curtailed the replication of influenza viruses as effectively as that of full-length TRIM56. Mechanistically, TRIM56 was found to specifically impede intracellular influenza virus RNA synthesis. Consistent with this, a fraction of TRIM56 was re-distributed to the nucleus after IAV infection. Together, these data reveal novel antiviral activity of TRIM56 against influenza A and B viruses and provide novel insights into the mechanism by which TRIM56 restricts these medically important orthomyxoviruses. These findings raise the possibility that small molecules mimicking the C-terminal portion of TRIM56 could be developed into broad influenza antivirals.
Studies on the biosynthesis of valinomycin (1977)

&lt;p&gt;Record linkage, referred to also as entity resolution, is the process of identifying pairs of records representing the same real world entity (e.g. a person) within a dataset or across multiple datasets. In order to reduce the number of record comparisons, record linkage frameworks initially perform a process referred to as blocking, which involves splitting records into a set of blocks using a partition (or blocking) scheme. This restricts comparisons among records that belong to the same block during the linkage process. Existing blocking methods are often evaluated using different metrics and independently of the choice of the subsequent linkage method, which makes the choice of an optimal approach very subjective. In this paper we demonstrate that existing evaluation metrics fail to provide strong evidence to support the selection of an optimal blocking method. We conduct an extensive evaluation of different blocking methods using multiple datasets and some commonly applied linkage techniques to show that evaluation of a blocking method must take into consideration the subsequent linkage phase. We propose a novel evaluation technique that takes into consideration multiple factors including the end-to-end running time of the combined blocking and linkage phases as well as the linkage technique used. We empirically demonstrate using multiple datasets that according to this novel evaluation technique some blocking methods can be fairly considered superior to others, while some should be deemed incomparable according to those factors. Finally, we propose a novel blocking method selection procedure that takes into consideration the linkage proficiency and end-to-end time of different blocking methods combined with a given linkage technique. We show that this technique is able to select the best or near best blocking method for unseen data.&lt;/p&gt;
ZnO nanorod optical disk photocatalytic reactor for photodegradation of methyl orange (2013)

A low-cost and efficient photocatalytic reactor for environmental treatment and green technology was presented. ZnO nanorods firmly growing on polycarbonate optical disk substrate are generally perpendicular to the substrate as the immobilized photocatalyst of the spinning disk reactor. The photocatalytic efficiency and durability of the ZnO nanorods are effectively demonstrated.
Développement et transfert aux opérationnels d’outils intégratifs de mesure chimique et biologique au sein des cours d’eau pour le suivi de l’impact des pratiques agricoles et de leur évolution (2021)

The results of the Impact-CE project highlight the specific contribution of various integrative tools to have a more complete vision of the chemical and biological impact of pesticides on watercourses. In addition to grabe sampling, which gives a quantitative and instantaneous view of contamination, these tools provide more representative information over time, which makes them better tools for prioritising basins that contribute to contamination. They are also more robust for reporting interannual changes in agricultural practices, even if it may remain difficult to dissociate the effect of limited changes in practices from that of significant climatic variations. The results also confirm that, thanks to their accumulation capacity, passive samplers can reveal trace substances that are not seen by grabe measurements, such as degradation products, or that are only mobilised during floods. They also show the added value of both chemical and biological information in order to refine the impact diagnosis, highlight possible causes and provide additional information in terms of biodiversity and functioning of ecosystems. Interviews conducted with operational actors during the project show that it is essential that these tools be better known and appropriated by field managers, through training and support.
In vivoimaging of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis using confocal endomicroscopy (2010)

To the Editors:

Fibred confocal fluorescence microscopy (FCFM) is a new technology that can provide microscopic imaging of a living tissue through a 1-mm flexible fibreoptic miniprobe 1, 2. To image the alveolar structures in vivo , the miniprobe is advanced through the working channel of the bronchoscope down to the alveolar ducts and sacs. In nonsmoking subjects, the FCFM is able to image the peripheral elastin framework of the alveolar ducts 3. In active smokers, the technique also images fluorescent alveolar macrophages which contain tobacco tar 3. The technique has the potential to improve the in vivo diagnosis of peripheral lung diseases during bronchoscopy.

Herein we report the use of FCFM during bronchoscopy on a smoking patient presenting with diffuse alveolar and interstitial opacities on chest radiograph. The in vivo confocal fluorescence endomicroscopy in real-time showed the globular lipoproteinaceous material which is typical of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP). This diagnosis was confirmed by cytological analysis of the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, and by the presence of high levels of anti-granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) serum antibodies.

This is the first report of the in vivo confocal microscopic appearance of lipoproteinaceous material during bronchoscopy, which appears to be typical of PAP.

A 42-yr-old, 25 pack-yr, active smoking male presented with a 4-month history of increasing breathlessness on exertion and dry cough. He reported a history of heavy and short household plaster dust exposure preceding the onset of symptoms. The physical examination was unremarkable. The chest radiograph showed bilateral alveolar and interstitial opacities. A high-resolution computed …
Structural details of Ge‐rich and silver‐doped chalcogenide glasses for nanoionic nonvolatile memory (2010)

Abstract We are reporting our results of Raman and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) studies on amorphous Ge 46 S 54 thin films and the films after silver photodiffusion. Based on the Raman scattering studies, a structural model for amorphous Ge 46 S 54 is suggested including the formation of single Ge–S chains with a vibrational mode at 410 cm −1 . The result of XRD measurement indicates that there exists a medium‐range order with about 6 Å´ even at such Ge‐rich composition. After the introduction of silver, the medium‐range order is lost and there was a change in the diffraction curve indicative of the change in the local atomic order. The experimental results are explained in terms of our structural model, in connection with the application for fast switching memory devices.