gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aldol Reactions in Multicomponent Reaction Based Domino Pathways: A Multipurpose Enabling Tool in Heterocyclic Chemistry (2013)

The aldol reaction has been evaluated in combination with the Ugi multicomponent reaction to assemble richly decorated mono- and polycyclic systems via expeditious cascade pathways. A small collection of pyrrolinones was generated thereof, and the scarcely accessible pyridoquinoxalinedione scaffold was also prepared by designing an additional nucleophilic substitution step in this domino sequence requiring minimal operational effort.
Detection of State Transitions in Network elements: On-box demo (2021)

Modern network devices like routers offer thousands of operational counters. All of them could be important for network monitoring, though their high number makes this process infeasible, often resulting in only a small subset of the counters to be considered for further interpretation and processing. This demo paper showcases the practical use of an unsupervised multivariate online detector, DESTIN [1], which could assist an operator in automatically monitoring all or at least a very large number of counters and exploring inter-dependencies between them to further the operator’s understanding of the state of the network. DESTIN can detect changes in the network without any need for predefined KPIs on the router itself.
Sonochemical Synthesis of DNA Nanospheres (2011)

Ultrasonic waves can be used to convert native DNA molecules into DNA nanospheres. This sonochemical nanospherization could be used as a method of protecting DNA from degradation in harsh environments. Due to its as a carrier of genetic information, DNA spheres could be used as a biocompatible material for the delivery of the genetic information to the cells. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Applications of analytical techniques to clinical practice : assessment of chemical changes in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia following methotrexate administration (2006)

The application of the following methods was described for the purpose of exploration of different cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers related to the cognitive impairment in children suffering from acute lymphoblastic leukemia and receiving methotrexate as part of the treatment regimen: gas chromatography/mass spectrometry was employed to measure the levels of homovanillic acid and vanilmandelic acid: twodimensional electrophoresis was used to find the changes in protein profiles present in cererebrospinal fluid: and high performance liquid chromatography was utilized to measure the levels of cerebrospinal fluid ceramides. The overall goal of this project was to utilize different analytical techniques in order to monitor chemical changes in cerebrospinal fluid associated wuth the administered amount of methotrexate.
Spatially Coupled Ensembles Universally Achieve Capacity under Belief\n Propagation (2012)

We investigate spatially coupled code ensembles. For transmission over the\nbinary erasure channel, it was recently shown that spatial coupling increases\nthe belief propagation threshold of the ensemble to essentially the maximum\na-priori threshold of the underlying component ensemble. This explains why\nconvolutional LDPC ensembles, originally introduced by Felstrom and Zigangirov,\nperform so well over this channel. We show that the equivalent result holds\ntrue for transmission over general binary-input memoryless output-symmetric\nchannels. More precisely, given a desired error probability and a gap to\ncapacity, we can construct a spatially coupled ensemble which fulfills these\nconstraints universally on this class of channels under belief propagation\ndecoding. In fact, most codes in that ensemble have that property. The\nquantifier universal refers to the single ensemble/code which is good for all\nchannels but we assume that the channel is known at the receiver. The key\ntechnical result is a proof that under belief propagation decoding spatially\ncoupled ensembles achieve essentially the area threshold of the underlying\nuncoupled ensemble. We conclude by discussing some interesting open problems.\n
CORRECT AND INCORRECT DOSING OF PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS AND ITS IMPACT ON GERD SYMPTOMS (2004)

Purpose: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are most effective in inhibiting acid secretion when dosed up to an hour before a meal. We have previously observed that PPIs are incorrectly dosed in over 50% of patients in a referral setting (Gastroenterology 2001:120: A2205). We aim to assess the dosing habits of patients in the primary care setting newly started on a PPI and the effect of their PPI dosing on GERD symptoms. Methods: 638 patients from a local HMO newly prescribed a PPI for GERD were identified using pharmacy claims data. Utilizing focused study questions as well as the validated Quality of Life in Reflux Associated Disease questionnaire (QOLRAD), participants were surveyed on their dosing habits and GERD symptoms. Participants were considered optimal dosers if they took their PPI within 15–60 minutes of the first meal of the day, correct dosers took their PPIs with meals to up to 60 minutes before any meal. Incorrect dosers took their PPIs greater than 60 minutes before meals, after meals, as needed, or at bedtime. The QOLRAD was scored from 1- 7 and symptom severity were defined as severe (<5) and moderate to no symptoms (>5). Results: 625 subjects were contacted and 173 subjects participated in the study. No differences were identified between participants and non-participants based on age, gender, or formulation of PPI prescribed. At baseline 27.1% of participants dosed their PPI correctly and only 9.7% dosed their PPI optimally. Mean scores for correct and incorrect dosers were 5.51 and 5.82 respectively (p = 0.18). Symptom scores based on emotional distress, sleep disturbance, problems associated with food/drink, daily function and vitality were likewise examined. Patients with severe GERD were more likely to be incorrect dosers, however, these results were not statistically significant. Conclusions: Only 27% of those newly prescribed a PPI for GERD dosed correctly and 9.7% dosed optimally. GERD symptoms were not affected by PPI dosing behavior. This phenomenon may reflect either a lack of true GERD symptoms in this population or demonstrate that correct dosing of a PPI is not important to achieve a clinical benefit. Patients reporting severe symptoms, however, were more likely to report incorrect dosing suggesting that in this subset of patients, uncontrolled GERD may be attributable to dosing habits. Studies assessing the clinical impact of PPI dosing on a population with severe GERD are underway.
High-speed imaging of ice nucleation in water proves the existence of active sites (2019)

Understanding how surfaces direct nucleation is a complex problem that limits our ability to predict and control crystal formation. We here address this challenge using high-speed imaging to identify and quantify the sites at which ice nucleates in water droplets on the two natural cleavage faces of macroscopic feldspar substrates. Our data show that ice nucleation only occurs at a few locations, all of which are associated with micron-size surface pits. Similar behavior is observed on α-quartz substrates that lack cleavage planes. These results demonstrate that substrate heterogeneities are the salient factor in promoting nucleation and therefore prove the existence of active sites. We also provide strong evidence that the activity of these sites derives from a combination of surface chemistry and nanoscale topography. Our results have implications for the nucleation of many materials and suggest new strategies for promoting or inhibiting nucleation across a wide range of applications.
Assessment on Tolerance Representation and Tolerance Analysis in Assemblies (2000)

Due to the difficulty of modeling the manufacturing deviations reliably, the existing geometric models, to date, have only con sidered the exact description of parts and assemblies. Yet, the tolerance representation and propagation issues in assemblies are crucial to answer parallel design of product and process queries. Many formal and informal methods have been developed. However, most proved special cases of the ANSI Y14.5M-82 specification standard. Also, the descriptions provided in actual solid and feature based de sign modelers are inadequate to ascertain a clear taxonomy of tolerance specifications, neither do they help address the assembly toler ance analysis and/or synthesis issues. The paper purposes to discuss the tolerance representation schemes as well as their underlying philosophies. Then, because toler ance analysis and tolerance synthesis in assemblies are required, among other tasks, to assign functional tolerances, measure the manufacturability and the interchangeability of parts in assemblies, ease tolerance inspection and evaluate costs of alternative assembly sequences, we shall assess deterministic and statistical methods.
ChemInform Abstract: Epoxidation of Unsaturated Macrolides: Stereocontrolled Routes to Ionophore Subunits. (1986)

Abstract The racemic cyclohexanone (I) serves as key compound for the synthesis of the cyclic epoxide (IV), while the second cyclic epoxide (VI) is obtained from the peroxide (V).
Attosecond control of optical waveforms (2005)

A new, monolithic scheme for stabilizing the phase between the carrier wave and the envelope (CE phase) in a train of few-cycle laser pulses is demonstrated. Self-phase modulation and second-harmonic generation or difference-frequency generation in a single periodically poled lithium niobate crystal, that transmits the main laser beam, allows for the CE-phase locking directly in the usable output. The monolithic scheme obviates the need for splitting off a fraction of the laser output for CE-phase control, coupling into microstructured fibre, as well as separation and recombination of spectral components. As a result, the CE-phase error integrated over the spectral range of 0.2mHz-35MHz is as small as 0.016×2π rad. This implies that the phase of the field oscillations (λ ∼ 830 nm) with respect to the pulse peak is locked to within 44 attoseconds, resulting in optical waveform control with subhundred attosecond fidelity for the first time. © IOP Publishing Ltd and Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft.
Dependable computing in virtual laboratories (2002)

Many scientific disciplines are shifting from in vitro to in silico research as more physical processes and natural phenomena are examined in a computer (in silico) instead of being observed (in vitro). In many of these virtual laboratories, the computations involved are very complex and long lived. Currently, users are required to manually handle almost all aspects of such computations, including their dependability. Not surprisingly, this is a major bottleneck and a significant source of inefficiencies. To address this issue, we have developed BioOpera, an extensible process support management system for virtual laboratories. The authors briefly discuss the architecture and functionality of BioOpera and show how it can be used to efficiently manage long lived computations.
Low-Power Digital Readout Circuit for Superconductor Nanowire Single-Photon Detectors (2019)

We designed and tested the digital readout circuitry for superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs). The designed time-to-digital converter (TDC) comprises a decision-making block, a clock controller, and a counter with parallel-to-serial (P2S) interface. We also designed an on-chip pattern generator to imitate a digitized SNSPD response that allowed us to screen the circuitry without bonding actual SNSPDs. Both rapid single-flux quantum (RSFQ) and its energy-efficient rapid single-flux quantum (ERSFQ) versions were designed for comparison and debugging purposes. To optimize the design of the feeding Josephson transmission line (FJTL) required by the ERSFQ variant, we compared different power grid structures and types of FJTLs. Using an 8-bit counter with P2S interface as a device under test, we also investigated the effect of FJTL's size on the bias margins. FJTL with a 75% junction overhead is sufficient for the ERSFQ circuit to match the margins of its RSFQ counterpart. All chips have been fabricated at MIT-LL using the SFQ5ee process node. Experimental results and future research directions are presented.
A New Class of Solvents for TRU Dissolution and Separation: Ionic Liquids (2002)

Progress on the study of a New Class of Solvents for TRU Dissolution and Separation: Ionic Liquids is summarized under the headings of the major proposal objectives.
Development of Smartgrid Technology for Power Supply to Japanese Industrial Park in India (2012)

The DMIC (Delhi-Mumbai Industrial Corridor) scheme promoted by the Japanese government is an industrial infrastructure development project for India that involves linking industrial parks, ports, and other sites in the six states between Delhi and Mumbai. Industrial parks in India suffer chronic electricity shortages caused by the poor reliability of the commercial electricity supply. This has led companies to install DEGs (diesel engine generators) to provide their own power and avoid having to rely on the commercial electricity grid. Hitachi is working on a system for ensuring a reliable supply of power to the Japanese Industrial Park in the DMIC by applying the concepts of micro grid and smart grid technology and has established a shared energy center with the aim of building up the site's industrial infrastructure. This paper describes the development of a power solution based on the installation of micro grid and smart grid systems at this Industrial Park.
Speech coding at 4 kb/s and lower using single-pulse and stochastic models of LPC excitation (1991)

The authors present an LPC (linear predictive coding) speech coder that classifies speech into periodic and nonperiodic intervals. The coder uses a stochastic codebook, as in CELP (code excited linear prediction), to synthesize nonperiodic speech and single-pulse excitation (SPE) to synthesize periodic speech. This coder is called SPE-CELP. The optimization of the single-pulse excitation is based on a new algorithm that determines the time instants of pitch periods within a short interval of periodic speech of approximately 32 ms. It thus causes a coding delay that is acceptable for many applications. Results using a fixed delta-impulse shape and time-varying pulse shapes obtained from codebooks are reported.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Fabrication of rugged transparent ceramics (2023)

Recent progress on the procurement, purification, and sintering of a variety of high temperature transparent ceramics is presented. There are numerous applications operating in very harsh environments that require rugged windows. Oxide materials such as Y2O3 and non-oxides such as cubic β-SiC are prime candidates for these applications due to high mechanical strength, good transmission range, and isotropic structure. To fabricate a high transparency window, phase and chemically pure powder precursors must be obtained. Higher purity β-SiC powders are becoming commercially available and multiple sources are analyzed, purified, and sintered to optimize transmission. Both oxide and non-oxide materials are sintered via spark plasma sintering (SPS) and the optical and physical properties are discussed.
Case of Early Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis With Prominent Magnetic Resonance Imaging Plexus Abnormalities (2018)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a neurodegenerative disorder, which is characterized by progressive upper and lower motor neuron signs and symptoms, resulting in progressive muscle weakness. There are very rare reports of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities within the nerve roots or plexus reported in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Here, we report a patient who presented with progressive left arm weakness and was found to have bilateral MRI plexus abnormalities. This report illustrates that MRI plexus abnormalities can be seen in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, possibly before symptoms, and may have clinical value in the diagnostic process.
Post-reconstruction method for beam hardening in computerised tomography (1979)

A method for correcting the beam hardening artefacts in computerised tomography is introduced. After an initial reconstruction of the object the uncorrected image is used to estimate the amount of bone and tissue along each ray. The bone and tissue lengths obtained from the initial reconstruction are used to add a correction term to each original projection. A second reconstruction using the corrected projection data yields the final beam hardening corrected image. The results are presented showing the application of this formalism to a mathematical phantom. The instability of the correction method with respect to various possible sources of error is examined.
Modélisation comportementale en VHDL-AMS de systèmes sans-fil intégrés : application aux systèmes d'identification par radio fréquences (2005)

National audience
Hierarchical Instance Feature Alignment for 2D Image-Based 3D Shape Retrieval (2020)

2D image-based 3D shape retrieval has become a hot research topic since its wide industrial applications and academic significance. However, existing view-based 3D shape retrieval methods are restricted by two settings, 1) learn the common-class features while neglecting the instance visual characteristics, 2) narrow the global domain variations while ignoring the local semantic variations in each category. To overcome these problems, we propose a novel hierarchical instance feature alignment (HIFA) method for this task. HIFA consists of two modules, cross-modal instance feature learning and hierarchical instance feature alignment. Specifically, we first use CNN to extract both 2D image and multi-view features. Then, we maximize the mutual information between the input data and the high-level feature to preserve as much as visual characteristics of an individual instance. To mix up the features in two domains, we enforce feature alignment considering both global domain and local semantic levels. By narrowing the global domain variations we impose the identical large norm restriction on both 2D and 3D feature-norm expectations to facilitate more transferable possibility. By narrowing the local variations we propose to minimize the distance between two centroids of the same class from different domains to obtain semantic consistency. Extensive experiments on two popular and novel datasets, MI3DOR and MI3DOR-2, validate the superiority of HIFA for 2D image-based 3D shape retrieval task.
A Continuum Model of DC and RF Discharges (1986)

A continuum model of direct current (dc) and 13.56-MHz radio-frequency (RF) discharges in a parallel-plate configuration is presented. The model consists of equations for electron and ion continuity, Poisson's equation for the self-consistent electric field, and an equation for electron energy. The equations are solved for a single set of conditions and a comparison is made between the structure of a dc and a 13.56-MHz RF discharge. One of the major structural differences is the emergence, under RF conditions, of large electron conduction currents in the quasi-neutral region. This results in substantially higher electron heating in the quasi-neutral region and a consequent shift in the peak ionization rate from the cathode sheath to the quasineutral region. In addition, the RF solutions suggest that equivalent circuit models and ambipolar diffusion models are promising ways to simplify predictions of discharge physics. The ultimate goal of this work is to provide an adequate description of the discharge physics so that discharge chemistry can be understood. The latter is essential in predicting the behavior of plasma film etching and deposition reactors used extensively in electronics materials processing.
Non‐invasive monitoring of oxidative skin stress by ultraweak photon emission measurement. II: biological validation on ultraviolet A‐stressed skin (2007)

Our data indicate that UVA irradiation induces UPE especially in deeper (living) skin layers, where antioxidants must be active in order to interfere with accelerated skin ageing. Based on the clinical data, and with knowledge of modulating external variables, UPE measurement following UV excitation can be qualified as a reliable and valid method for the non-invasive measurement of antioxidant efficacy on the skin.
Control of Liquid Level in Vessels under Pressure (1937)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTControl of Liquid Level in Vessels under PressureJ. B. McMahonCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1937, 29, 11, 1219–1224Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1937Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1937https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50335a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50335a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views40Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Advances in GaN technology and design for active arrays (2013)

Gallium Nitride HEMT technology has reached the maturity where it is reliably being deployed for both military and commercial applications. But, because of its extreme ruggedness, reliable high temperature operation, and high operational RF power density, GaN based amplifiers can offer both new capability and challenges for Phased Array Systems. This work will present the basics of GaN technology, amplifier design methodologies and tradeoffs, and comparisons to traditional GaAs technology for use in phased array T/R modules.
Power Delivery Network Benchmarking for Interposer and Bridge-Chip-Based 2.5-D Integration (2017)

In this letter, a power delivery network (PDN) modeling framework for emerging heterogeneous 2.5-D integration platforms is presented. The framework is validated using IBM power grid benchmarks, and maximum relative errors of less than 7.29% and 0.67% for IR-drop and transient noise are shown, respectively. Next, the framework is used to evaluate interposer and bridge-chip-based 2.5-D integration platforms. The simulation results show that an interposer with dense power/ground grids and microbumps can suppress power supply noise (PSN) by a small margin. In bridge-chip-based 2.5-D integration, under the assumption that the bridge-chips underneath the active dice block direct access to package power/ground planes, some PDN considerations are highlighted and evaluated. Using multiple bridge-chips and smaller overlap areas between the bridge-chips and the active dice, the worst case PSN in bridge-chip-based 2.5-D integration is minimally impacted.