gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interactions between Particles with an Undulated Contact Line at a Fluid Interface: Capillary Multipoles of Arbitrary Order (2004)

Abstract A colloidal particle adsorbed at a fluid interface could have an undulated, or irregular contact line in the presence of surface roughness and/or chemical inhomogeneity. The contact-line undulations produce distortions in the surrounding liquid interface, whose overlap engenders capillary interaction between the particles. The convex and concave local deviations of the meniscus shape from planarity can be formally treated as positive and negative “capillary charges,” which form “capillary multipoles.” Here, we derive theoretical expressions for the interaction between two capillary multipoles of arbitrary order. Depending on the angle of mutual orientation, the interaction energy could exhibit a minimum, or it could represent a monotonic attraction. For undulation amplitudes larger than 5 nm, the interaction energy is typically much greater than the thermal energy kT. As a consequence, a monolayer from capillary multipoles exhibits considerable shear elasticity, and such monolayer is expected to behave as a two-dimensional elastic solid. These theoretical results could be helpful for the understanding of phenomena related to aggregation and ordering of particles adsorbed at a fluid interface, and for the interpretation of rheological properties of particulate monolayers. Related research fields are the particle-stabilized (Pickering) emulsions and the two-dimensional self-assembly of microscopic particles.
Adenosine A2A Receptor Signaling and Golf Assembly Show a Specific Requirement for the γ7 Subtype in the Striatum (2010)

The adenosine A(2A) receptor (A(2A)R) is increasingly recognized as a novel therapeutic target in Parkinson disease. In striatopallidal neurons, the G-protein α(olf) subtype is required to couple this receptor to adenylyl cyclase activation. It is now well established that the βγ dimer also performs an active role in this signal transduction process. In principal, sixty distinct βγ dimers could arise from combinatorial association of the five known β and 12 γ subunit genes. However, key questions regarding which βγ subunit combinations exist and whether they perform specific signaling roles in the context of the organism remain to be answered. To explore these questions, we used a gene targeting approach to specifically ablate the G-protein γ(7) subtype. Revealing a potentially new signaling paradigm, we show that the level of the γ(7) protein controls the hierarchial assembly of a specific G-protein α(olf)β(2)γ(7) heterotrimer in the striatum. Providing a probable basis for the selectivity of receptor signaling, we further demonstrate that loss of this specific G-protein heterotrimer leads to reduced A(2A)R activation of adenylyl cyclase. Finally, substantiating an important role for this signaling pathway in pyschostimulant responsiveness, we show that mice lacking the G-protein γ(7) subtype exhibit an attenuated behavioral response to caffeine. Collectively, these results further support the A(2A)R G-protein α(olf)β(2)γ(7) interface as a possible therapeutic target for Parkinson disease.
Method for intercalating alkali metal ions into carbon electrodes (2023)

A low cost, relatively flexible, carbon electrode for use in a secondary battery is described. A method is provided for producing same, including intercalating alkali metal salts such as sodium and lithium into carbon.
New Insights Into the Effect of Calcium Hydroxide Precipitation on the Kinetics of Tricalcium Silicate Hydration (2010)

After decades of research, there still is no universal agreement on the basic mechanisms that are responsible for the induction period (Stage 2) in cement hydration at early times. This paper surveys several theories and critical experimental data on early‐age hydration kinetics of tricalcium silicate, the most abundant phase in Portland cement clinker. Using HydratiCA, a kinetic cellular automaton model of cement hydration and microstructure development, we investigate two of the leading hypotheses on the mechanism of slow hydration in Stage 2, and see for each one the implications of suppressing the growth of calcium hydroxide formation. Each hypothesized mechanism leads to quite different kinetic behavior when calcium hydroxide is suppressed, a result which indicates a line of future experimental inquiry that could decisively determine the Stage 2 mechanism. Furthermore, the simulations demonstrate how the early theory of calcium hydroxide triggering might be reconciled to the more modern theoretical models and to the experimental data.
Novel mutation identified in Leber congenital amaurosis - a case report (2020)

Herein, we report a novel nonsense mutation of RPGRIP1 in two patients with LCA6 and present their long-term follow-up data. These clinical data linked to genotypes provide important information for the development of new treatments, such as gene therapy, as well as for genetic counseling.
Growth control of leaf lettuce with exposure to underwater ultrasound and dissolved oxygen supersaturation (2018)

The growth rate of vegetables in plant factories can be regulated by environmental factors including light, temperature, and chemicals, which might give rise to mutation in leaf health. Here, we aim to devise a new way that allows for controlling the growth rate of plants in hydroponics as well as maintaining the product quality; we apply underwater ultrasound and dissolved oxygen supersaturation as external stimuli to plants. As an example, we examine the growth of leaf lettuce in hydroponics with exposure to 28-kHz ultrasound and dissolved oxygen supersaturation up to 36 mg/L at 20 °C. Our results show that exposure to the ultrasound of peak-to-peak pressure at 20 kPa or larger works as the growth inhibitor of the leaves and the roots, while the oxygen supersaturation as the growth promoter, without any degradation of chlorophyll in the leaves. This suggests that these external stimuli can be used in the growth control system of plant factories.
PAK3 related mental disability: Further characterization of the phenotype (2007)

We report clinical, neuropsychological and molecular findings in affected males and carrier females in the fourth reported family with mental retardation caused by mutation in the PAK3 gene (Xq22.3-q23), W446S. In contrast to previous reports, carrier females manifested learning problems and mild mental disability. Skewed X-inactivation was observed here for the first time in carriers of PAK3 mutation. Neuropsychological tests in affected males and carrier females suggested a common neuropsychological profile of impaired spatial cognitive abilities and defects in attentional and executive functions. The five affected males examined herein had a proportionally small head size or microcephaly, large ears, oral motor hypotonia with drooling and inarticulate speech and short attention span, anxiety, restlessness, and aggression. Brain imaging showed signs of chronic non-progressive hydrocephalus in one patient who manifested psychosis and fluctuant gait deterioration, while two other patients showed no abnormalities. EEG recordings were available from four affected males and one carrier female, and all showed similar posterior slow wave activity without epileptic discharges. Only one affected male in the family suffered from epilepsy. When comparing the affected males in this family and the three previously reported families with mental retardation due to a PAK3 mutation, similarities in their characteristics were small head size or microcephaly, large ears, speech defects, behavioral abnormalities, and psychiatric disease.
Uplink Coordinated Multi-Point for LTE-A in the Form of Macro-Scopic Combining (2010)

For the future LTE-Advanced network, one of the requirements in the uplink (UL) direction is to enhance the celledge user performances. Coordinated multi-point reception in the UL is one of the techniques being investigated to further improve the performance of LTE networks. With the help of the information coordination through the links between the sites and advanced receivers the UL performance can be improved. The simulation results show that, with the ideal interference cancellation, inter-Site maximum ratio combining, and optimized closed-loop and open-loop fractional power control, there are about 27% gains for the 5% outage user throughput and 12% gains for the average user throughput. As shown in this paper, these gains from UL macro-scopic multi-cell combining between sites are achieved for optimized power control, ideal interference cancellation receivers, and X2 with no delay and high bandwidth.
Role of Biopolymers in the Deactivation of ZSM-5 during Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass (2018)

Rapid coking and catalyst deactivation are significant problems during catalytic fast pyrolysis of biomass. Cellulose and lignin were found to coke via different mechanisms, resulting in two distinct types of catalyst deactivation. Lignin pyrolysis vapors cause coke formation mainly by external surface coking without limiting access to the active acid sites in the microchannels. Lignin deactivates the surface cracking capability of ZSM-5, resulting in unreacted primary vapors passing through while maintaining aromatization reactions. Cellulose pyrolysis vapors generate coke mainly as an extension of the aromatization reactions on the acid sites, which leads to occlusion of the internal acid sites. This deactivates the upgrading reactions, resulting in decreased aromatics formation, generation of oxygenated intermediates and increased alkylation of 1-ring aromatics and reduced multi-ring aromatics selectivity. The results indicate that the decrease in aromatics formation observed during catalytic pyrolysis of biomass is primarily caused by the coke generated from the polysaccharide components.
Cryptococcus neoformans melanization incorporates multiple catecholamines to produce polytypic melanin (2021)

Melanin is a major virulence factor in pathogenic fungi that enhances the ability of fungal cells to resist immune clearance. Cryptococcus neoformans is an important human pathogenic fungus that synthesizes melanin from exogenous tissue catecholamine precursors during infection, but the type of melanin made in cryptococcal meningoencephalitis is unknown. We analyzed the efficacy of various catecholamines found in brain tissue in supporting melanization using animal brain tissue and synthetic catecholamine mixtures reflecting brain tissue proportions. Solid-state NMR spectra of the melanin pigment produced from such mixtures yielded more melanin than expected if only the preferred constituent dopamine had been incorporated, suggesting uptake of additional catecholamines. Probing the biosynthesis of melanin using radiolabeled catecholamines revealed that C. neoformans melanization simultaneously incorporated more than one catecholamine, implying that the pigment was polytypic in nature. Nonetheless, melanin derived from individual or mixed catecholamines had comparable ability to protect C. neoformans against ultraviolet light and oxidants. Our results indicate that melanin produced during infection differs depending on the catecholamine composition of tissue and that melanin pigment synthesized in vivo is likely to accrue from the polymerization of a mixture of precursors. From a practical standpoint, our results strongly suggest that using dopamine as a polymerization precursor is capable of producing melanin pigment comparable to that produced during infection. On a more fundamental level, our findings uncover additional structural complexity for natural cryptococcal melanin by demonstrating that pigment produced during human infection is likely to be composed of polymerized moieties derived from chemically different precursors.
1H magnetic resonance imaging of freezing and thawing in freeze-tolerant frogs (1994)

Proton magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the processes of freezing and thawing in the wood frog Rana sylvatica provided noninvasive and real-time analysis of the mode of ice propagation through the body of a freeze-tolerant vertebrate. MRI revealed a directional movement of ice from the exterior inward that required several hours to reach completion. Freezing in core organs such as liver, which produces and exports cryoprotectant, and heart, which circulates it, was delayed and occurred well after the organs were surrounded by extraorgan ice. Natural thawing was a very different process; thawing began uniformly throughout the body, but core organs melted more rapidly than peripheral ones, an adaptation that may be key to the early restoration of heartbeat and breathing. The images presented demonstrate the sensitivity and power of MRI and its potential to become a critical monitoring technology in the development of cryopreservation techniques for mammalian organ explants.
Gd3TCAS2: An Aquated Gd3+-Thiacalix[4]arene Sandwich Cluster with Extremely Slow Ligand Substitution Kinetics (2016)

In aqueous solution, Gd(3+) and thiacalix[4]arene-p-tetrasulfonate (TCAS) form the complex [Gd3TCAS2](7-), in which a trinuclear Gd(3+) core is sandwiched by two TCAS ligands. Acid-catalyzed dissociation reactions, as well as transmetalation and ligand exchange with physiological concentrations of Zn(2+) and phosphate, showed [Gd3TCAS2](7-) to be extremely inert compared to other Gd complexes. Luminescence lifetime measurements of the Tb analogue Tb3TCAS2 allowed estimation of the mean hydration number q to be 2.4 per Tb ion. The longitudinal relaxivity of [Gd3TCAS2](7-) (per Gd(3+)) was r1 = 5.83 mM(-1) s(-1) at 20 Hz (37 °C, pH 7.4); however, this relaxivity was limited by an extremely slow water exchange rate that was 5 orders of magnitude slower than the Gd(3+) aqua ion. Binding to serum albumin resulted in no relaxivity increase owing to the extremely slow water exchange kinetics. The slow dissociation and water exchange kinetics of [Gd3TCAS2](7-) can be attributed to the very rigid coordination geometry.
Prospective validation of an 11-gene mRNA host response score for mortality risk stratification in the intensive care unit (2021)

Several clinical calculators predict intensive care unit (ICU) mortality, however these are cumbersome and often require 24 h of data to calculate. Retrospective studies have demonstrated the utility of whole blood transcriptomic analysis in predicting mortality. In this study, we tested prospective validation of an 11-gene messenger RNA (mRNA) score in an ICU population. Whole blood mRNA from 70 subjects in the Stanford ICU Biobank with samples collected within 24 h of Emergency Department presentation were used to calculate an 11-gene mRNA score. We found that the 11-gene score was highly associated with 60-day mortality, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.68 in all patients, 0.77 in shock patients, and 0.98 in patients whose primary determinant of prognosis was acute illness. Subjects with the highest quartile of mRNA scores were more likely to die in hospital (40% vs 7%, p < 0.01) and within 60 days (40% vs 15%, p = 0.06). The 11-gene score improved prognostication with a categorical Net Reclassification Improvement index of 0.37 (p = 0.03) and an Integrated Discrimination Improvement index of 0.07 (p = 0.02) when combined with Simplified Acute Physiology Score 3 or Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score. The test performed poorly in the 95 independent samples collected > 24 h after emergency department presentation. Tests will target a 30-min turnaround time, allowing for rapid results early in admission. Moving forward, this test may provide valuable real-time prognostic information to improve triage decisions and allow for enrichment of clinical trials.
Risk Factors of Arm Lymphedema in Breast Cancer Patients (2000)

Chronic lymphedema is a life-long, potential complication of axillary treatment for breast cancer patients. In this article we focus on risk factors in the development of arm lymphedema and also discuss definition, type and stage, and incidence of arm edema.
Active Cooling of a Hypersonic Plane Using Hydrogen, Methane, Oxygen and Fluorine (1996)

This paper studies active cooling of an aerospace plane using liquid hydrogen, liquid methane, liquid oxygen and liquid fluorine. An ascending optimized trajectory to minimize the heat load in the hypersonic part is used to perform the study, which includes cooling of the stagnation point, the leading edges of wings and engine and other parts of the aerospace plane that are close to the leading edges. The laminar case of the stagnation point and both laminar and turbulent cases for the leading edge heating have been considered. The amount of liquid coolant mass needed for cooling is calculated. A design of minimum inlet–outlet areas for the amount of liquid needed for cooling is made with consideration of the coolant's physical constraints in the liquid and gaseous states. The study shows that the ratio of masses of coolant to the initial total mass (initial total mass of the vehicle including fuel and coolant masses) is in the limit of the reachable range. The comparison shows that the hydrogen is a clear winner as a candidate for coolant and saves mass as compared to the other three coolants. The study shows that there are no fundamental barriers for the cooling system of the vehicle in terms of its coolant mass and area size for coolant passage.
The histone variant H2A.Bbd is enriched at sites of DNA synthesis (2014)

Histone variants play an important role in shaping the mammalian epigenome and their aberrant expression is frequently observed in several types of cancer. However, the mechanisms that mediate their function and the composition of the variant-containing chromatin are still largely unknown. A proteomic interrogation of chromatin containing the different H2A variants macroH2A.1.2, H2A.Bbd and H2A revealed a strikingly different protein composition. Gene ontology analysis reveals a strong enrichment of splicing factors as well as components of the mammalian replisome in H2A.Bbd-containing chromatin. We find H2A.Bbd localizing transiently to sites of DNA synthesis during S-phase and during DNA repair. Cells that express H2A.Bbd have a shortened S-phase and are more susceptible to DNA damage, two phenotypes that are also observed in human Hodgkin's lymphoma cells that aberrantly express this variant. Based on our experiments we conclude that H2A.Bbd is targeted to newly synthesized DNA during replication and DNA repair. The transient incorporation of H2A.Bbd may be due to the intrinsic instability of nucleosomes carrying this variant or a faster chromatin loading. This potentially leads to a disturbance of the existing chromatin structure, which may have effects on cell cycle regulation and DNA damage sensitivity.
Making the field of computing more inclusive (2017)

More accessible conferences, digital resources, and ACM SIGs will lead to greater participation by more people with disabilities.
Local Analgesia in Laparoscopy: A Randomized Trial (2004)

Infiltration of bupivacaine at completion of gynecologic laparoscopic surgery decreases pain at trocar sites in the immediate postoperative period.
Animal Models of Hepadnavirus Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2001)

Animal models of hepatitis B virus infection have been valuable for determining the mechanisms of hepadnavirus replication, for studies of pathogenesis, and for investigations of viral hepatocarcinogenesis. The woodchuck model also seems to be useful in the discovery and development of antiviral drugs to treat HBV infection and for testing new forms of immunotherapy. In particular, the woodchuck seems to be ideal for studying the effect of antiviral treatment and immunotherapy on the outcome of hepadnavirus infection and on survival. The median life expectancy of experimentally infected, chronic WHV carriers is approximately 29 months, and almost all develop HCC. New types of prophylaxis or therapy can be evaluated under controlled experimental conditions, in a relevant animal model, and within a reasonable time frame.
Label-free detection of cell-contractile activity with lipid nanotubes (2012)

Surface-bound self-assembled lipid nanotubes (LNTs) made of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE) were used to visualize the contractile activity of spreading cells. The interaction of cells with LNTs resulted in the nucleation of new nanotubes, directed toward the cell center, from existing ones. This process depended on cell generated forces and required acto-myosin mediated contractility. The dynamics of de novo generation of LNTs upon cell spreading was captured using optical microscopy on fluorescently labeled nanotubes and revealed characteristic fingerprints for different cell types such as fibroblasts, endothelial and melanoma cells. Additionally, the method was applied to detect the effect of a specific inhibitor on the generation of cellular forces. The mechanism of the LNT-cell interaction and the potential applications are discussed.
Reliability models for fault-tolerant private network applications (1994)

A private or corporate network connects the offices of a single large organization, such as an airline or a bank, using leased private lines. To improve the reliability of network applications, fault-tolerance can be incorporated directly into the private network. In this paper, we use a state-space model to capture the effect of dynamic rerouting and repair and investigate the effect on reliability of different repair-and-rerouting strategies at the application or call level. To reduce the potentially large state space that results, we construct an approximate Markov model with a smaller state space by lumping together similar states. The lumped model includes coverage parameters that can be estimated without considering the original model in its entirety. This allows the state-space model to be solved accurately and efficiently. We compare results of the approximation technique with results obtained by a complete simulation of the original network. We expect similar approximation techniques to be effective on models with large state spaces which obtain processes with many time-scales.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Deep Kinematic Models for Physically Realistic Prediction of Vehicle Trajectories (2019)

Self-driving vehicles (SDVs) hold great potential for improving traffic safety and are poised to positively affect the quality of life of millions of people. To unlock this potential one of the critical aspects of the autonomous technology is understanding and predicting future movement of vehicles surrounding the SDV. This work presents a deep-learning-based method for kinematically feasible motion prediction of such traffic actors. Previous work did not explicitly encode vehicle kinematics and instead relied on the models to learn the constraints directly from the data, potentially resulting in kinematically infeasible, suboptimal trajectory predictions. To address this issue we propose a method that seamlessly combines ideas from the AI with physically grounded vehicle motion models. In this way we employ best of the both worlds, coupling powerful learning models with strong feasibility guarantees for their outputs. The proposed approach is general, being applicable to any type of learning method. Extensive experiments using deep convnets on real-world data strongly indicate its benefits, outperforming the existing state-of-the-art.
S\'intese de nanogéis de poli(N-vinilcaprolactama-co-ácido acr\'ilico) sens\'iveis à temperatura e ao pH via polimerização por precipitação (2010)

International audience
Effect of Swim Suit Design on Passive Drag (2004)

The decomposition of swimmer drag into DSF, DP and DW suggests that increasing DSF on the upper-body of a swimmer reduces DP and DW by tripping the boundary layer and attaching the flow to the body from the shoulder to the knees. It is possible that body suits that cover the torso and legs may reduce drag and improve performance of swimmers.