gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Laser‐induced fluorescence as a powerful detection tool for capillary electrophoretic analysis of heparin/heparan sulfate disaccharides (2003)

In quest for high sensitivities necessary for determining the disaccharide composition of heparin/heparan sulfate present in trace amounts in biologic samples, an ultrahighly sensitive capillary electrophoresis (CE) method using laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detection was developed. Heparin/heparan sulfate-derived Delta-disaccharides were derivatized with the fluorophore 2-aminoacridone and resolved by a reversed-polarity CE method. Estimation of the limit of detection in concentration term and limit of quantitation showed that LIF detection of AMAC-derivatives of Delta-disaccharides resulted in 27-744 times higher sensitivity as compared to those detected by UV at 255 nm. These data suggest that CE-LIF is a powerful tool to quantify minute amounts of heparin/heparan sulfate disaccharides.
Free-space optics for 3D multi-chip environment (2002)

The 3D-OESP consortium is a government-industry-university collaboration dedicated to the development of the technologies required to integrate stacked silicon chips with optoelectronic devices for high-performance computing and switching applications. By utilizing the combined strengths of 3D chip packaging and optoelectronic array interconnect technologies, it is possible to bring a low-power ultra-compact hardware solution to systems requiring fast processing and handling of large data arrays. We believe that, providing optoelectronic I/O to 3D chip stacks using VCSEL arrays with associated drivers, specially designed optical receivers, and micro-optics to direct the optical signals provide the most efficient way to communicate between the stacks. By integrating these components with a set of packaging techniques ranging from silicon micro-bench to plastic molded lenses, we are presently engaged in demonstrating the practical superiority of this approach in terms of system speed, power and volume metrics. We address various aspects of this approach that are being explored within the 3D-OESP consortium.
Space/frequency shape inference and segmentation of textured three-dimensional surfaces (1993)

Image texture is useful for segmentation and for computing surface orientations of uniformly textured objects. If texture is ignored, it can cause failure for stereo and gray-scale segmentation algorithms. In the past, mathematical representations of image texture have been applied to only specific texture problems, and no consideration has been given to the models' generality across different computer vision tasks and different image phenomena. We advocate the space/frequency representation, which shows the local spatial frequency content of every point in the image. From several different methods of computing the representation, we pick the spectrogram. The spectrogram elucidates many disparate image phenomena including texture boundaries, texture in perspective, aliasing, zoom, and blur.
Many past shape-from-texture algorithms require potentially unreliable feature detection and numbers (arbitrary parameters), and none of them were developed in the context of a more general texture-understanding system. Toward this end, we show that the spatial frequency shifts caused by perspective can be approximated by an affine transformation which is a function of the textured surface's surface normal. We use this relationship in three different shape-from-texture algorithms. Two of them require no feature-finding and work on the raw spectrogram, giving a high-level scene parameter directly from low-level image data. The first algorithm includes an analytical sensitivity analysis. The third algorithm works with just the peak frequencies and gives a fast way of computing local surface normals from periodic texture. The algorithms need only a few magic numbers. On real textures, the average error in computed surface normal is only about four degrees.
We use the third algorithm to solve a long-standing problem in image texture analysis: segmenting images of textured, 3D surfaces. Past work in texture segmentation and shape-from-texture is based on assumptions that make this problem impossible to solve. 3D perspective effects warp the otherwise uniform textures so segmentation fails. We develop a region-growing algorithm that accounts for the surface normals by unwarping the frequency distribution. It uses a minimum description length merge criterion. Our algorithm successfully segments images of real texture. We conclude by showing how the space/frequency representation has the potential for unifying several different computer vision algorithms.
Cycloacylierung von Enaminen, I. Synthese von 2‐Thiazolon‐Derivaten (1973)

Abstract Durch Cycloacylierung der offenkettigen primären und sekundären Enamine 1, 5, 7, 9 und 11 mit Chlorcarbonylsulfenylchlorid ( 2 ) werden die Thiazolone 3, 6, 8, 10 und 12 erhalten. Die 6‐Aminouracile 13 reagieren mit 2 zu den neuen Thiazolo[4,5‐ d ]pyrimidinen 14 . Einige spektroskopische Daten der Reaktionsprodukte werden angegeben.
Entrapment of a Cytotoxic Drug into the Crystal Structure of Calcite for Targeted Drug Delivery (2021)

Controlled drug release and targeted drug delivery can reduce systemic toxicity of chemotherapeutics by restricting drugs to the target organ and increasing the local concentration. As tumors and inflamed tissue are often surrounded by an acidic microenvironment, pH-responsive calcium carbonates (CaCO<sub>3</sub>) are promising vehicles for controlled drug delivery applications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the loading efficacy and release of a chemotherapeutic drug, Hydroxyurea (HU), into the crystal structure of calcite. Incorporation of HU did not alter the crystallinity, crystal size, or morphology of precipitated calcite crystals, as assessed by XRD and SEM. The amount of HU was quantified by High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and showed that 6.7 ± 0.7 µg of HU could be for each milligram of calcite (0.016 mol% ± 0.002). In cell media, the optimal pH for controlled release was 5 (0.1 mg/mL released after 1 h). However, in vitro, pH below 6.5 was cytotoxic to human breast cancer cells (MCF-7). Direct contact studies, where particles were incubated with MCF-7 cells, showed that the amount of HU release from calcite was not high enough to kill the cell or arrest growth at pH 6.5. Pre-dissolved release studies, where the particles were pre-dissolved in acidic media to simulate complete drug release in vivo, pH neutralized, and exposed to the cells, showed that the amount of loaded HU reduced the survival/proliferation of MCF7. In conclusion, it is possible to integrate HU into the crystal structure of a calcite crystal and release the drug in vitro at concentrations that can slow the growth of cancer cells, without affecting calcite morphology and crystallinity. Further research is needed to investigate the in vivo behavior of the particles and whether the actual tumor pH is low enough to achieve complete drug release in vivo.
Ultra-Low Crosstalk 125-μm-Cladding Four-Hole Four-Core Fibers Fabricated by the Over-Cladding Bundled Rods Method (2019)

We realized a four-core fiber with 125 μm-cladding and four-holes using a novel fabrication technique, namely the over-cladding bundled rods (OBR) method. Four air holes were successfully introduced by using the OBR method without the need for a drilling process, and this enabled a 10 dB/km improvement in the crosstalk characteristic. As a result, we realized four-core fibers with a 125 μm cladding diameter and operating in both the single mode and 2 linear polarized (LP) modes in the C + L band were realized while maintaining an inter-core crosstalk of less than -30 dB/100 km. The OBR method is a promising technique for effectively realizing a multi-core fiber with ultra-low crosstalk and a high spatial density.
High power quantum cascade lasers by MOVPE (2006)

Lattice-matched and strain-compensated InGaAs-AlInAs quantum cascade lasers have been grown by MOVPE, which operate continuously at room temperature and have threshold less than 2 kA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Modeling considerations for rigorous boundary element method analysis of diffractive optical elements (2001)

Critical modeling issues relating to rigorous boundary element method (BEM) analysis of diffractive optical elements (DOEs) are identified. Electric-field integral equation (EFIE) and combined-field integral equation (CFIE) formulations of the BEM are introduced and implemented. The nonphysical interior resonance phenomenon and thin-shape breakdown are illustrated in the context of a guided-mode resonant subwavelength grating. It is shown that modeling such structures by using an open geometric configuration eliminates these problems that are associated with the EFIE BEM. Necessary precautions in defining the incident fields are also presented for the analysis of multiple-layer DOEs.
Long life solid-state RF powered light sources for projection display and general lighting applications. (2008)

solid-state RF powered electrodeless light source is presented that has high luminous output and long life, having achieved over 16,000 hours of continuous operation at better than 90% of initial output. The lamp operates around 900 MHz using 160 W of RF power at 65% efficiency. The lamp uses a silicon LDMOS power amplifier in a high-power oscillator configuration, and it converts microwaves into light energy using a novel waveguide cavity resonator to couple power into the bulb. The lamp light spectrum is broadband, and similar to sunlight with CRI≫90. This achievement marks the first ever successful commercialization and mass production of electrodeless light source technology for consumer applications. These lamps have been in volume production at over 10,000 units/month for use in microdisplay-based rear projection televisions, and conform to various reliability standards, including UL and FCC requirements.
Detection of a Vacuolating Cytotoxin in Stools from Children with Diarrhea (1996)

A cytotoxin inducing vacuolation in HEp-2 cells was detected in 19 (3.1%) of 618 stool specimens from children with diarrhea but in none of 135 from control children. Common enteric pathogens were found in only two (10.5%) of the 19 cytotoxin-positive stool specimens. The vacuoles induced by stool filtrates resembled those induced by the vacuolating toxin (VacA) of Helicobacter pylori. The vacuolating toxin was heat-labile and protease-sensitive, and it had an apparent molecular weight of > 100,000 but was not neutralized by an antiserum to H. pylori VacA. Although proper prospective case-control studies are needed to definitely assess the etiologic association between the new vacuolating cytotoxin and diarrhea, the present study suggests that microorganisms of the gastrointestinal tract produce a Helicobacter-like vacuolating toxin and may be responsible for cases of childhood diarrhea whose etiology is currently considered unknown.
Human recombinant Puumala virus antibodies: cross-reaction with other hantaviruses and use in diagnostics. (1998)

A panel of seven human monoclonal Fabs against Puumala virus (PUU) nucleocapsid protein (N) was obtained by panning an antibody phage-display library prepared from the spleen of a PUU-immune individual. Three antibodies reacted in immunoblotting and cross-reacted strongly with Tula and Sin Nombre virus recombinant N proteins. These antibodies mapped to the amino terminus of the N protein. One PUU glycoprotein 2 (G2)-specific Fab obtained against a novel epitope (G2c) cross-reacted with Khabarovsk virus but not with the other hantavirus serotypes. An N protein-specific Fab was successfully used as capture antibody to detect PUU-specific serum IgG and IgM antibodies in an enzyme immunoassay. The result demonstrates the usefulness of recombinant human Fabs as potential diagnostic tools.
Immobilization of enzyme onto cellulose–titanium oxide composite fiber (1993)

Fibers of a cellulose-TiO(2) composite were prepared by the reaction of cellulose with titanium iso-propoxide. Enzymes were immobilized on the fibers easily and simply under mild conditions. The fibers were stable in common solvents, high ionic solutions, and over a wide range of pH values 3-10.
Synthesis of 4H-1,4-oxazines as transthyretin amyloid fibril inhibitors (2013)

4H-1,4-oxazines were designed as transthyretin (TTR) amyloid fibril inhibitors based on an analysis of the interactions between known small molecule inhibitors and TTR by molecular docking. A series of 2,4,6-triaryl-4H-1,4-oxazines was synthesized by the cyclization of N,N-bis(phenacyl)anilines with POCl3 in pyridine. Inhibition of TTR amyloid fibril was evaluated by a fibril formation assay. The results indicate that 4H-1,4-oxazines significantly inhibit TTR amyloid fibril at a concentration of 7.2 μM.
Herpes Simplex Virus Shedding and Plasma Human Immunodeficiency Virus RNA Levels in Coinfected Women (2001)

Asymptomatic herpes simplex virus (HSV) shedding was described in a cohort of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected women, and the association of HSV shedding with changes in plasma HIV RNA load was investigated. Genital, rectal, and oral swabs were obtained daily during a 4-week period for polymerase chain reaction and culture, and concomitant plasma specimens were drawn 3 times weekly for determination of HIV RNA load. During the study, 70% and 79% of subjects shed HSV from the oral cavity and genital area, respectively. Shedding of HSV occurred for a mean of 3.2 days for oral shedding and 5.4 days for genital shedding. Mean plasma HIV RNA loads during periods of HSV shedding and nonshedding and for periods 3 days after the cessation of shedding were compared; no significant differences were found (P=.74). In women who shed HSV, as evaluated by detection of virus, plasma HIV RNA load did not fluctuate with HSV shedding.
Exchange biasing in polycrystalline thin film microstructures (2000)

The effect of lateral element size, shape, and ferromagnetic layer thickness on exchange biasing in polycrystalline IrMn/CoFe thin film elements has been studied. Magnetic hysteresis loop measurements and magnetic force microscopy imaging have been used to elucidate the basic micromagnetic behavior. Magnetic imaging of micron scale elements illustrates that the magnetization reversal modes change significantly from those of unbiased ferromagnetic elements.
Data from Leukemia Cell-Rhabdovirus Vaccine: Personalized Immunotherapy for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) remains incurable in most adults. It has been difficult to provide effective immunotherapy to improve outcomes for the majority of patients. Rhabdoviruses induce strong antiviral immune responses. We hypothesized that mice administered &lt;i&gt;ex vivo&lt;/i&gt; rhabdovirus-infected ALL cells [immunotherapy by leukemia-oncotropic virus (iLOV)] would develop robust antileukemic immune responses capable of controlling ALL.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; Viral protein production, replication, and cytopathy were measured in human and murine ALL cells exposed to attenuated rhabdovirus. Survival following injection of graded amounts of ALL cells was compared between cohorts of mice administered γ-irradiated rhabdovirus-infected ALL cells (iLOV) or multiple control vaccines to determine key immunotherapeutic components and characteristics. Host immune requirements were assessed in immunodeficient and bone marrow–transplanted mice or by adoptive splenocyte transfer from immunized donors. Antileukemic immune memory was ascertained by second leukemic challenge in long-term survivors.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Human and murine ALL cells were infected and killed by rhabdovirus; this produced a potent antileukemia vaccine. iLOV protected mice from otherwise lethal ALL by developing durable leukemia-specific immune-mediated responses (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.0001), which required an intact CTL compartment. Preexisting antiviral immunity augmented iLOV potency. Splenocytes from iLOV-vaccinated donors protected 60% of naïve recipients from ALL challenge (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.0001). Injecting leukemia cells activated by, or concurrent with, multiple Toll-like receptor agonists could not reproduce the protective effect of iLOV. Similarly, injecting uninfected irradiated viable, apoptotic, or necrotic leukemia cells with/without concurrent rhabdovirus administration was ineffective.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; Rhabdovirus-infected leukemia cells can be used to produce a vaccine that induces robust specific immunity against aggressive leukemia. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 19(14); 3832–43. ©2013 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: Multiple Bonds Between Main Group Elements and Transition Metals. Part 84. Organoosmium Oxides: Efficient Syntheses and Structures. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Effects of Collector Temperature on the Performance of Grooved Electrode Thermionic Converters (2003)

Experiments are conducted to compare the performance of the smooth electrodes, grooved emitter, and grooved collector converters at the same emitter and collector temperatures. The focus of the experiments is to investigate the effects of collector temperature on the performance of grooved electrode converters. The converters with various electrode configurations and a 0.5 mm gap are tested at emitter temperatures, TE = 1473 – 1673 K, collector temperatures, TC = 773 – 1023 K, and cesium pressures, PCs = 10 – 500 Pa. All electrodes are planar and fabricated with polycrystalline Molybdenum. The grooved electrodes have concentric macro‐grooves 0.5 mm wide, 0.5 mm deep, and 1.0 mm apart. The output electrical power density and the conversion efficiency are calculated from the measured I‐V curves and the maximum power density and conversion efficiency are determined from the calculated PD‐V and η‐V envelopes. At TE = 1473 K, the electrical power density for the smooth electrodes converter at the optimum collector temperature (873 K) is 2.25 W/cm2 at η = 13.8 %, decreasing to 1.46 W/cm2 at η = 12.4 % as TC increases by only 75 K to 948 K. However, the corresponding decrease in the electrical power density for the grooved collector converter is only 0.04 W/cm2 (from 1.24 W/cm2 at η = 11.4 % and TC = 873 K to 1.20 W/cm2 at η =10.7 % and TC = 948 K) and that for the grooved emitter converter is 0.12 W/cm2 (from 0.82 W/cm2 at η = 8.1 % and TC = 873 K to 0.70 W/cm2 at η = 6.8 % and TC = 948 K). At the higher emitter temperatures of 1573 K and 1673 K, similar results are obtained. In all experimental conditions, however, the grooved emitter converter shows the lowest power density and conversion efficiency, followed by the grooved collector converter, and the smooth electrodes converter, except for TF = 1673 K and TC = 1023 K at which the converter with a grooved collector operates at the highest power density (2.38 W/cm2) and conversion efficiency (14.0 %).
Transmission of a 1.44 Tbit/s Data Stream using a Feedback-Stabilized SiN Kerr Frequency Comb Source (2014)

Using a high-Q Kerr-nonlinear SiN microresonator as a frequency comb source we generate a 1.44 Tbit/s (20×18 GBd PDM-QPSK) data stream and transmit it over 300 km. The comb is stabilized by a feedback control.
Splanchnic blood flow during stimulation of gastrointestinal growth (1987)

The primary objective of this study is to determine whether a relationship exists between the rate of blood flow and the gastrointestinal response to a trophic stimulus. A new prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) derivative, Ro 22-1327, was employed as a growth stimulus. Rats were treated by gavage for 14 days with Ro 22-1327 (0.5 and 5 mg/kg). The vascular and trophic effects of Ro 22-1327 were studied in the gastric antrum and oxyntic gland area, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, colon, liver, and pancreas. Generally, the trophic effects were 1) similar to those reported with other PGE2 analogues, 2) more pronounced in the antrum than in the oxyntic gland area, 3) greatest in the stomach, diminishing toward the colon, and 4) dose dependent. Organ blood flows were largely unaffected by the low-dose treatment, while the high-dose treatment tended to increase blood flow. The changes in blood flow were most pronounced proximally where the trophic responses were maximal. We speculate that the greater trophic response to the high dose of Ro 22-1327 may reduce the vasoconstriction produced by this agent.
Optical and Structural Characterization of a-Si Thin Film Solar Absorbers (2010)

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2010 in Portland, Oregon, USA, August 1 – August 5, 2010.
Cover Picture: Synthesis of T‐705‐Ribonucleoside and T‐705‐Ribonucleotide and Studies of Chemical Stability (ChemMedChem 9/2017) (2017)

The front cover picture shows the unexpected and considerable lability of T-705-ribonucleoside. T-705 is an antiviral agent with activities against numerous RNA viruses. It acts as a nucleobase analogue and is converted to the ribonucleoside 5’-triphosphate intracellularly. T-705-ribonucleoside shows high lability under nucleophilic conditions—even in water! After developing a reliable chemical synthesis, the decomposition was attributed to the presence of the fluorine atom and its tendency to support nucleophilic aromatic substitution. Consequently, the N-glycosidically attached pyrazine derivative decomposes in aqueous medium which is indispensable in biological studies. More information can be found in the Full Paper by Johanna Huchting, Chris Meier et al. on page 652 in Issue 9, 2017 (DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201700116).
New building blocks and growth processes for high-performance self-assembled electro-optic materials (2006)

The design rationale, synthesis, and characteristics of organic chromophores exhibiting very large EO response is presented along with new methodologies to assembled them in a noncentrosymmetric fashion.
Bacterial pili: structure, synthesis and role in disease (2014)

<title>Abstract</title> This book provides a comprehensive review of available research on the structure, synthesis and role in disease of bacterial pili. The first 6 chapters are about pili in gram-negative bacteria, and review the contribution of many scientists, beginning with the first experiments by Lederberg and Tatum in the late 1940s with their discovery of bacterial conjugation (even though at the time they were still unaware of the existence of pili). Chapters 7-13, focus on the discovery of pili in gram-positive organisms, starting with <italic>Corynebacterium diphtheria</italic> and then focusing on streptococci. Areas covered include the biogenesis of pili, their unusual structural characteristics that include inter- and intramolecular isopeptide bonds and the role of pili in disease processes. This book is written for anyone in the field of microbiology or those with an interest in bacterial pathogenesis and infectious diseases, and their application to therapeutics.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Inhibitor-Sensitive FGFR2 and FGFR3 Mutations in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 203K, Extracellular domain dimerization studies.&lt;/p&gt;