gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nitric oxide prevents leukocyte adherence: role of superoxide (1993)

The objective of this study was to determine whether the antiadhesive effects of NO for leukocytes are related to its ability to scavenge superoxide in vivo. Intravital microscopy was used to monitor leukocyte adherence and flux as well as velocity and number of rolling leukocytes in 25- to 40-microns venules. The superoxide-generating system, hypoxanthine and xanthine oxidase (HX-XO), was infused into the mesenteric circulation in untreated animals and in animals pretreated with either superoxide dismutase (SOD) or the NO donor, SIN 1. In another series of studies, the mesenteric preparation was superfused with either platelet-activating factor (PAF) or leukotriene B4 (LTB4) followed by the administration of either SIN 1 or SOD. HX-XO infusion caused a significant increase in the number of rolling and adherent leukocytes (responses that were entirely inhibited by SOD or SIN 1). SOD and SIN 1 both attenuated the PAF-induced but not the LTB4-induced leukocyte adherence. The observation that both SOD and SIN 1 inhibit leukocyte adhesion only under conditions associated with superoxide formation (HX-XO and PAF, but not LTB4) strongly suggests that the antiadhesion properties of NO are related to its ability to inactivate the superoxide anion.
Controlled Three-Dimensional Tumor Microenvironments Recapitulate Phenotypic Features and Differential Drug Response in Early vs Advanced Stage Breast Cancer (2017)

Progression to advanced stage metastatic disease, resistance to endocrine therapies, and failure of drug combinations remain major barriers in the breast cancer therapy. Tumor microenvironments play an important role in progression from non-invasive to invasive disease as well as in response to therapies. Development of physiologically relevant, three-dimensional (3D) controlled microenvironments that can reliably recapitulate tumor progression from the early non-invasive to advanced metastatic stage will contribute to our understanding of disease biology and serve as a tool for screening of drug regimens targeting different disease stages. We have recently engineered physicochemical microenvironments by precisely controlling the size of 3D microtumors of non-invasive T47D breast cancer cells. We hypothesized that the precise control over physiochemical microenvironments will generate unique molecular signatures in size-controlled microtumors (small 150 μm vs large 600 μm) leading to differential phenotypic features and drug responses. The results indicated that large (600 μm) T47D microtumors exhibited traits of clinically advanced tumors such as hypoxia, reactive oxygen species, mesenchymal marker upregulation and collective cell migration unlike non-hypoxic, non-migratory small microtumors (150 μm). Interestingly, large microtumors also lost estrogen receptor alpha (ER-α) protein, consequently showing resistance to 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-OHT). On the other hand, large microtumors showed upregulation of pro-angiogenic marker, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and hence were more responsive than small microtumors to the growth inhibition by anti-VEGF antibody. Surprisingly, both small and large microtumors exhibited comparable levels of phosphorylated epidermal growth factor receptor (pEGFR) and downstream signaling molecules such as AKT. As a consequence, both small and large microtumors showed comparable growth inhibition in response to gefitinib (inhibitor preferentially targeting EGFR) independent of microtumor size. Thus, precise control over the microenvironmental factors successfully recapitulated molecular characteristics underlying early vs advanced stage disease using the same non-invasive T47D cells. Such unique molecular signatures further resulted in differential response of small and large microtumors to anti-estrogen, and anti-VEGF treatments with comparable response to the EGFR-targeted therapies, underlining the importance of such stage-specific disease progression models in cancer drug discovery.
Synthetic genomes with altered genetic codes (2020)

The genetic code is the set of rules that define how information encoded in DNA is interpreted into amino acids to make proteins. With few naturally occurring exceptions, the vast majority of living organisms share the same genetic code. Recently, however, technological advances in DNA synthesis, sequencing and genome engineering are enabling the development of synthetic genomes with drastically altered genetic codes. Such comprehensive genome modifications endow these unnatural organisms with unique capabilities such as genetic isolation, virus resistance, and production of proteins with novel functionality. Here, we summarize recent efforts to develop alternative genetic codes, explore technical and biological challenges for alterations performed at whole chromosome scale, and discuss the impact of synthetic organisms for biological research and biotechnology.
A Control System for Rotary Blood Pumps Based on Suction Detection (2008)

A control system for rotary ventricular assist devices was developed to automatically regulate the pumping speed of the device to avoid ventricular suction. The control system comprises a suction detector and a fuzzy logic controller (FLC). The suction detector can correctly classify pump flow patterns, using a discriminant analysis (DA) model that combines several indices derived from the pump flow signal, to classify the pump status as one of the following: no suction (NS), moderate suction (MS), and severe suction (SS). The discriminant scores, which are the output of the suction detector, were used as inputs to the FLC. Based on this information, the controller updates pump speed, providing adequate flow and pressure perfusion to the patient. The performance of the control system was tested in simulations over a wide range of physiological conditions, including hypertension, exercise, and strenuous exercising for healthy, sick, and very sick hearts, using a lumped parameter model of the circulatory system coupled with a left ventricular assist device. The controller was able to maintain cardiac output and mean arterial pressure within acceptable physiologic ranges, while avoiding suction, demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed control system.
Analysis of Complex Wellhead Load Events for Conductor and Surface Casing Strings (2009)

Abstract The analysis of mechanical and thermal-induced wellhead growth and resultant loads can be critical for tubular stress design and failure analysis of offshore platform wells. Standard simulation tools are typically used for this analysis. However, some common complex wellhead loading events are not explicitly accounted for in currently available software. Analysis of wellhead growth and loads from first principles is used to investigate these complex load events. Particular attention is given to conductor and surface casings and some non-intuitive results are discussed. A case study is presented to illustrate a range of field applications. The analysis and related methodology apply to complex load events including: tension from conductor tension units (CTU's) or top-tension riser (TTR) systems, order of CTU overpull and landing of subsequent strings, lift-off of strings without lock-down, lift-off at mud-line hanger (MLH) systems and loss of pre-existing casing strings due to structural failure. It is commonly recognized that standard single-string casing design which ignores wellhead movement is conservative for most casing strings. Similarly, it is understood that this single-string analysis is non-conservative for the outermost string. However, the extent and nature of non-conservatism as well as identification of all strings for which the standard analysis is truly non-conservative is not always understood. Also, the effect of sequencing CTU overpull and landing subsequent strings is also not always recognized. The analysis methodology and case studies discussed in this work provide an explicit and intuitive approach to multistring wellhead movement and loads which can be implemented in spreadsheet calculations to model each step in the loading sequence on the wellhead. The nature of wellhead loads on the outermost conductor or surface string compared to inner strings is explained. The effect of CTU loads and the sequence of application are also explained. Certain types of wellhead load events, which are not accommodated using available commercial software tools, are modeled and analyzed. Even when numerically based software simulation tools do accommodate the load conditions considered, a closed-form analytical model based on first principles is still useful for understanding the nature of loads and also for first-order verification of numerical results.
Guest Editorial: Special Section on Digital Document Imaging (1996)

The <i>Journal of Electronic Imaging</i> (JEI), copublished bimonthly with the Society for Imaging Science and Technology, publishes peer-reviewed papers that cover research and applications in all areas of electronic imaging science and technology.
A comparative evaluation of phenolic hydroxyl content of oil palm (2015)

Free phenolic hydroxyl content was determined in various parts of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) such as trunk, frond, mesocarp, shell, empty fruit bunch and comparatively evaluated by aminolysis and periodate oxidation methods. This determination will elucidate the reactivity of lignin in oil palm and provide information for its future efficient utilisation. The results showed that aminolysis method consistently yielded higher values for phenolic hydroxyl content than the periodate oxidation method. More phenolic hydroxyl content was observed in the trunk, mesocarp and frond than in the shell and empty fruit bunch. As a comparison, phenolic hydroxyl content was also evaluated for hardwood, Japanese beech (Fagus crenata) and softwood, Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) for their sapwood portions. These samples have been selected because of their anatomical differences whereby, under botanical terms, oil palm is classified as one of monocotyledonous angiosperms, Japanese beech is classified as one of dicotyledonous angiosperms and Japanese cedar is classified as gymnosperms. Due to the abrupt increase in the formation of 1-acetylpyrrolidine in the aminolysis method, small discrepancy did exist between aminolysis and periodate oxidation methods, but the trend on the phenolic hydroxyl content was similar.
Supplementary Methods from Integrative Kinome Profiling Identifies mTORC1/2 Inhibition as Treatment Strategy in Ovarian Clear Cell Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Methods file&lt;/p&gt;
Thin Walled Steel Tube Pre-Bending for Hydroformed Components - Bending Boundaries and Presentation of a New Mandrel Design (2001)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;For auto-body structures, thin walled hydroformed and laser beam welded hollow steel sheet sections are recommended as a replacement for mainly spot-welded box-shape components. Such components have the same strength but a lighter weight.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Pre-bending into the required shape prior to the hydroforming step is difficult to realize in the case of thin wall thicknesses in combination with small bending diameters and relatively large tube diameters. There are bending limits with respect to buckling or cracking which have still to be clearly defined.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The boundaries for the cold rotary draw bending process are fixed in the so called “bending diagram”. This diagram in itself is insufficient. Based on simple equations in combination with numerical calculations, an analytical equation was drawn up to better define the boundary conditions. This also takes into account the influence of the material.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Furthermore, a new and low-cost mandrel is presented which enables the realization of the pre-bending process under extreme conditions. One of the characteristic features of such a bending mandrel is the in-line calibration of the tube to clamp very thin walls and eliminate the ovality. For example, we are currently working on tubes with an outer diameter of 60 mm, a wall thickness of 0.5 mm and a bending radius of 99 mm.&lt;/div&gt;
Robustness and Generalization via Generative Adversarial Training (2021)

While deep neural networks have achieved remarkable success in various computer vision tasks, they often fail to generalize to new domains and subtle variations of input images. Several defenses have been proposed to improve the robustness against these variations. However, current defenses can only withstand the specific attack used in training, and the models often remain vulnerable to other input variations. Moreover, these methods often degrade performance of the model on clean images and do not generalize to out-of-domain samples. In this paper we present Generative Adversarial Training, an approach to simultaneously improve the model's generalization to the test set and out-of-domain samples as well as its robustness to unseen adversarial attacks. Instead of altering a low-level pre-defined aspect of images, we generate a spectrum of low-level, mid-level and high-level changes using generative models with a disentangled latent space. Adversarial training with these examples enable the model to withstand a wide range of attacks by observing a variety of input alterations during training. We show that our approach not only improves performance of the model on clean images and out-of-domain samples but also makes it robust against unforeseen attacks and outperforms prior work. We validate effectiveness of our method by demonstrating results on various tasks such as classification, segmentation and object detection.
Power spectra trends in imaging polarimetry of outdoor solar illuminated scenes (2016)

The 1=&int;<sup>2</sup> power law (where &int; is spatial frequency) characterizes the spatial power spectrum of non-polarimetric images of outdoor scenes when averaged over an appropriately large ensemble. This empirical result has been repeatedly verified in diverse imaging applications. In this work we compare the ensemble-averaged power spectrum of radiance and polarized radiance images. Outdoor scenes have been imaged over the past three-years using JPL's Ground-based Multiangle SpectroPolarimetric Imager (Ground-MSPI)[1] at the University of Arizona (UA). Ground-MSPI is an eight-band spectropolarimetric camera mounted on a rotating gimbal to acquire pushbroom imagery of solar illuminated outdoor landscapes. This Ground-MSPI image library offers a unique opportunity to quantify the statistical trends between polarimetric and non-polarimetric measurements. From power spectrum analysis of 1,975 images in our collection we report that the magnitude of the 1=&int;-exponent is lower for the polarized radiance image than the corresponding radiance image. This result quantifies the contrast mechanism difference for imaging polarimetry, indicates higher spatial frequency content in passive polarimetry of outdoor environments, and supports the assertion that polarimetry offers unique detection capabilities.
Segment Routing Prefix SID extensions for BGP (2018)

Segment Routing (SR) leverages the source routing paradigm. A node
steers a packet through an ordered list of instructions, called
segments. A segment can represent any instruction, topological or
service-based. The ingress node prepends an SR header to a packet
containing a set of segment identifiers (SID). Each SID represents a
topological or a service-based instruction. Per-flow state is
maintained only on the ingress node of the SR domain. An SR domain is
defined as a single administrative domain for global SID assignment.
This document defines an optional, transitive BGP attribute for
announcing BGP Prefix Segment Identifiers (BGP Prefix-SID) information
and the specification for SR-MPLS SIDs.
Abstract 1567: A mass spectrometry based serum test for the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in high risk patients (2015)

Abstract Improved screening protocols (SP) for patients at high risk of developing HCC could lead to improved patient outcome and possibly cure if detected early. The current SPs, ultrasound with the possible addition of alphafetoprotein (AFP) measurement, suffer from insufficient sensitivity and specificity, and less than 30% of patients are diagnosed early enough to be suitable candidates for resection or transplantation. An easy to use biomarker for the early detection of HCC is clearly needed. We used mass spectrometry analysis of serum samples combined with specialized deep learning techniques to train and validate such a test. The development cohort consisted of patients undergoing transplant or resection for HCC (N = 52; median MELD = 14), and patients with advanced cirrhosis undergoing liver transplant (N = 53; median MELD = 25). Underlying cause of liver disease was 51% hepatitis C infection. The validation cohort consisted of patients with advanced HCC (N = 103; 70/26/7 Child-Pugh A/B/C) and liver disease but no HCC (N = 77; 68/7/2 Child-Pugh A/B/C), with 68% of patients having hepatitis B infection (HBV). The classifier was trained especially to avoid confounding by liver function. The resulting test showed a sensitivity/specificity of 73%/95% in cross validation in the development set overall. In the subset of T1 patients (or lesion size &amp;lt;2 cm) accuracy was 72% (75%). Performance was good across all represented causes of liver disease. The test was shown not to be confounded by liver function by classifying healthy patients (N = 17) as ‘no cancer’. In the validation set the performance was 89%/73%, with 91%/78% in the HBV subgroup and 90%/75% in the Child-Pugh A subgroup. The developed test shows promise in the early detection of HCC as a screening tool in high risk patients independent of the cause of underlying liver disease. While further validation will be necessary to conclusively prove its clinical validity, we believe such a test could substantially improve early detection of HCC. Citation Format: Devalingam Mahalingam, William K. Washburn, Glenn Halff, Leonidas Chelis, Stylianos Kakolyris, Stylianos Vradelis, Julia Grigorieva, Carlos Oliveira, Heinrich Roder, Joanna Roder. A mass spectrometry based serum test for the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in high risk patients. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 1567. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-1567
Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP) Extension for Associating Policies and Label Switched Paths (LSPs) (2021)

This document introduces a simple mechanism to associate policies to a
group of Label Switched Paths (LSPs) via an extension to the Path
Computation Element (PCE) Communication Protocol (PCEP). The extension
allows a PCEP speaker to advertise to a PCEP peer that a particular
LSP belongs to a particular Policy Association Group.
Kinetic and thermodynamic control in conductive PP/PMMA/EAA carbon black composites (2015)

ABSTRACT Multiphase polymer blends provide unique morphologies to reduce the percolation concentration and increase conductivity of carbon‐based polymer composites via selective distribution of the conductive filler. In this work, the kinetic and thermodynamic effects on a series of multiphase conductive polymer composites were investigated. The electrical conductivity of carbon black (CB)‐filled conductive polymer blend composites comprising polypropylene, poly(methyl methacrylate), and ethylene–acrylic acid were determined as a function of compounding sequence and annealing time. Kinetic and thermodynamic parameters were found to influence the conductivity. Phase morphology and conductivity at short annealing times were influenced by the compounding sequence where the CB was added after being premixed with one of the polymer components or directly added to the three‐component polymer melt. However, they were thermodynamically driven at longer annealing times; the resistivity was found to decrease by a statistically significant amount to similar levels for all the composite systems with increasing annealing time. The increase in conductivity at longer annealing times was determined to be the result of changes in the phase morphology from sea‐island, dispersed microstructure to a tri‐continuous morphology rather than change in localization of CB, given that the CB was found to be entirely located in the EAA phase even at short annealing times (and independent of compounding sequence), where the conductivity was not measurable. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132 , 42134.
Correlation between timing jitter of optical clock and selfpulsation characteristics in all-optical clock extraction using a self-pulsating laser diode (2006)

All-optical clock recovery is performed using a laser diode that can generate two kinds of self-pulsation due to mode beating and mode locking. We experimentally compare obtainable timing jitter of optical clock with self-pulsation characteristics.
Fast solid‐state on‐load tap change using two current‐controlled voltage‐source inverters (2014)

A new topology for on‐load tap change using two current‐controlled voltage‐source inverters is demonstrated. With this topology, no additional tap change circuitry is required. This configuration can be useful when optimising the power extraction from renewable energy sources, and may replace a DC/DC converter. It is possible to run the inverters in parallel for higher current capacity, or run them in series across the transformer to improve the harmonic output. The topology can be extended to any number of taps, adding one mechanical contactor per tap. The procedure for the tap change, including the control implementations to keep active and reactive grid power flows constant throughout the tap change, is described. Experimental results are presented to show the viability of the proposed topology. Tap changes are conducted on all phases simultaneously, and individually at each phase current zero‐crossing. Variations in grid power are investigated for the two strategies. Also, a dead‐time in the tap change is introduced to evaluate how control system delays will appear as grid power dips.
Example-Dependent Cost-Sensitive Logistic Regression for Credit Scoring (2014)

Everal real-world classification problems are example-dependent cost-sensitive in nature, where the costs due to misclassification vary between examples. Credit scoring is a typical example of cost-sensitive classification. However, it is usually treated using methods that do not take into account the real financial costs associated with the lending business. In this paper, we propose a new example-dependent cost matrix for credit scoring. Furthermore, we propose an algorithm that introduces the example-dependent costs into a logistic regression. Using two publicly available datasets, we compare our proposed method against state-of-the-art example-dependent cost-sensitive algorithms. The results highlight the importance of using real financial costs. Moreover, by using the proposed cost-sensitive logistic regression, significant improvements are made in the sense of higher savings.
Synthesis and opioid activity of tyrosine sulfate containing dermorphin and deltorphin peptides. (1995)

To study the effect of the sulfate ester moiety on the opioid activity, we prepared two tyrosine sulfate-(Tyr(SO3H)-containing dermorphin and deltorphin peptides. Their activities were determined in binding studies based on displacement of mu- and delta-receptor selective radiolabels from rat brain membranes and in two bioassays, using guinea pig ileum and mouse vas deferens. In comparison to original peptides and morphine, the obtained data indicate that whereas H-Tyr(SO3H)-D-Ala-Phe-Gly-NH2 shows very minimal interaction with opioid receptors, H-Tyr(SO3H)-D-Ala-Phe-Asp-Val-Val-Gly-NH2 retains a significant activity.