gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Room-Temperature Broad-Wavelength-Tunable Single-Mode Lasing from Alloyed CdS1–xSex Nanotripods (2022)

Wavelength-tunable semiconductor nanolasers have attracted tremendous attention for their tunable emissions and robust stability, bringing possibilities for various applications, including nanophotonic circuits, solid-state white-light sources, wavelength-converted devices, and on-chip optical communications. Here, we report on the demonstration of broadband-tunable, single-mode nanolasers based on high-quality alloyed single crystalline CdS<sub>1-<i>x</i></sub>Se<sub><i>x</i></sub> (<i>x</i> = 0-1) nanotripods with well-formed facets fabricated using a conventional CVD approach. Microstructural characterization and optical investigations reveal that these structures are crystalline with composition-tunable CdS<sub>1-<i>x</i></sub>Se<sub><i>x</i></sub> alloys. Microphotoluminescence spectra and mapping of these nanotripods exhibit emissions with continuous wavelengths from 509 to 712 nm, further demonstrating that the CdS<sub>1-<i>x</i></sub>Se<sub><i>x</i></sub> alloys have tunable bandgaps due to the composition gradient. Additionally, under a pulse laser illumination, room-temperature single-mode lasing is clearly observed from these nanotripods cavities, which shows almost identical emission lines with a high-quality factor of ∼1231. More importantly, wavelength continuously tunable nanolasers from 520 to 738 nm are successfully constructed using these bandgap gradient nanotripods. The capability to fabricate high-quality tunable nanolasers represents a significant step toward high-integration optical circuits and photonics communications.
Recording of holographic gratings in photochromic Al 2 O 3 :C,Mg crystals (2003)

Holographic recording is tested using new Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>:C,Mg single crystals. Plane holograms were recorded using 442 nm pulsed laser light from an optical parametric oscillator and were read non-destructively with a 442 nm He-Cd laser.
ML265: A potent PKM2 activator induces tetramerization and reduces tumor formation and size in a mouse xenograft model (2013)

Cancer cells have altered metabolic processes compared to normal differentiated cells and the expression of the M2 isozyme of pyruvate kinase (PKM2) plays an important role in this aberrant metabolism. The M1 isoform is a highly active enzyme typically expressed in muscle and brain tissue, the alternatively spliced M2 variant is considerably less active and expressed in many tumors studied to date. This report describes the use of the PKM2 activator, ML265, and details some of the biophysical, ex vivo and in vivo activity of this compound. ML265 induces the more active tetrameric state of PKM2 and the X-ray co-crystal structure shows that the activator binds at the dimer-dimer interface between two subunits of PKM2. This compound was tested in a H1299 mouse xenograft model and showed significant reduction in tumor size, weight, and occurrence with no apparent toxicity over the 7-week experiment.
Diagnosis and management of liver masses in pregnancy (2016)

Key content Liver masses are increasingly detected in pregnancy because of the widespread use of abdominal ultrasonography. Most lesions are benign and can be treated conservatively, although rarely these can lead to clinical symptoms and the potential for significant haemorrhage. Diagnosis of liver masses is made primarily through radiological assessment with blood tests and rarely by direct liver biopsy. Collaboration between the obstetric department and specialist liver multidisciplinary team is essential to ensure optimal management. Learning objectives Review of liver masses in pregnancy. Overview of issues relevant in the prepregnancy and postpartum periods. Interventional management strategies for liver lesions. Ethical issues Should the diagnosis of a liver mass lead to termination of pregnancy? When should ionising radiation be used to aid diagnosis of liver masses? Are doctors aware of the risk of bleeding from a benign liver mass?
82. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor diminished reflex tachycardia by modulating neurotransmitter release in ventrolateral medulla (1991)

The journal consistently attracts the most important and highly innovative papers from the current research; our commitment to rapid publication ensures that these are published in the fastest time possible. In addition to primary papers from world-renowned experts, the Journal contains authoritative reviews that summarize and evaluate the most significant recent developments. Also included are special reports, original short papers containing innovative and time-sensitive information. Submitted articles undergo a preliminary review by the editor. Some articles may be returned to authors without further consideration. Those being considered for publication will undergo further assessment and peer-review by the editors and those invited to do so from a reviewer pool. ​ Official Journal of the: International Society of Hypertension European Society of Hypertension
An instrumental variable approach to array processing in spatially correlated noise fields (1992)

Signal parameter estimation from sensor array data is of great interest in a variety of applications, including radar, sonar, and radio communication. A large number of high-resolution (i.e., model-based) techniques have been suggested in the literature. The vast majority of these require knowledge of the spatial noise correlation matrix, which constitutes a significant drawback. A novel instrumental variable (IV) approach to the sensor array problem is proposed. By exploiting temporal correlatedness of the source signals, knowledge of the spatial noise covariance is not required. The asymptotic properties of the IV estimator are examined, and an optimal IV method is derived. Simulations are presented examining the properties of the IV estimators in data segments of realistic lengths.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Methods of electrophoretic deposition for functionally graded porous nanostructures and systems thereof (2023)

In one embodiment, an aerogel includes a layer of shaped particles having a particle packing density gradient in a thickness direction of the layer, wherein the shaped particles are characterized by being formed in an electrophoretic deposition (EPD) process using an impurity. In another embodiment, a method for forming a functionally graded porous nanostructure includes adding particles of an impurity and a solution to an EPD chamber, applying a voltage difference across the two electrodes of the EPD chamber to create an electric field in the EPD chamber, and depositing the material onto surfaces of the particles of the impurity to form shaped particles of the material. Other functionally graded materials and methods are described according to more embodiments.
Theoretical approach for the optimization of pseudolite pulsing scheme and the implementation of participative receivers (2012)

The availability and position estimation performance of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) can be enhanced with ground-based ranging sources, called pseudolites. Because of the high relative power of their signals, they usually transmit pulsed signals. In this way their interference on the satellite signals is restricted to only a fraction of time (duty cycle). To avoid mutual interference between pseudolite signals, pseudolite pulsing schemes have been designed such that the overlapping of the pulses from different pseudolites is minimized. In this paper the intentional overlapping of pseudolite pulses is proposed. It is shown that theoretically the pseudolite ranging performance is degraded only little if the pulses overlap. By using two variants of interference cancelation techniques, it is furthermore demonstrated that there exist receiver architectures which can still achieve a performance close to the theoretical limits. Therefore the overlapping of pseudolite pulses reduces the degradation of the satellite signal but still offers a high achievable accuracy of the pseudolite ranging signals.
Abstract 1155: Promoter CpG island hypermethylation of Decoy Receptor 1 (DCR1) is associated with poor response to irinotecan in colorectal cancer. (2013)

Abstract Background Heterogeneity in the biology of colorectal cancer (CRC) is associated with variable responses to standard chemotherapy. We aimed to identify DNA hypermethylated genes as predictive biomarkers for irinotecan treatment of patients with metastatic CRC. Material and Methods The presence of DNA methylation for a selected panel of 22 genes was assessed by methylation specific PCR (MSP) on primary tumors of 185 patients with metastatic CRC treated with first-line capecitabine (CAP, n=90) or a combination of capecitabine and irinotecan (CAPIRI, n=95) in the phase III CAIRO trial. Methylation status of each gene was correlated to progression free survival (PFS) by treatment regimen. Genes for which methylation status associated with response to irinotecan, were validated in 166 patients treated with first-line CAP (n=78) or CAPIRI (n=88). Results Decoy Receptor 1 (DCR1) was identified as a novel hypermethylated gene in CRC. In CAPIRI treated patients, DCR1 methylation was correlated to a shorter PFS compared to patients with unmethylated DCR1 (hazard ratio [HR]=0.4 (95%CI =0.3-0.7), p = 0.0009). In patients with methylated DCR1 PFS did not improve with CAPIRI treatment, compared to treatment with CAP (discovery set: HR=0.8 (95%CI=0.5-1.3, p=0.4); validation set: HR=1.1 (95%CI 0.7-1.7, p=0.6)), in contrast to patients with unmethylated DCR1 (discovery set: HR=2.5 (95%CI 1.7-3.3, p=0.00004); validation set: HR=1.7 (95%CI 1.1-2.0, p=0.004)). Conclusion CRC patients with methylated DCR1 did not benefit from adding irinotecan to capecitabine therapy, indicating that DCR1 methylation status may guide selecting metastatic CRC patients for irinotecan-based therapy. Citation Format: Linda JW Bosch, Geert Trooskens, Petur Snaebjornsson, Josien C. Haan, Lorraine Pelosof, Miriam Koopman, Jolien Tol, Joost Louwagie, Luc Dehaspe, Bauke Ylstra, Henk Verheul, Manon van Engeland, Iris D. Nagtegaal, James G. Herman, Cornelis JA Punt, Wim van Criekinge, Beatriz Carvalho, Gerrit A. Meijer. Promoter CpG island hypermethylation of Decoy Receptor 1 (DCR1) is associated with poor response to irinotecan in colorectal cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1155. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1155
2D reentrant auxetic structures of graphene/CNT networks for omnidirectionally stretchable supercapacitors (2017)

Stretchable energy storage systems are essential for the realization of implantable and epidermal electronics. However, high-performance stretchable supercapacitors have received less attention because currently available processing techniques and material structures are too limited to overcome the trade-off relationship among electrical conductivity, ion-accessible surface area, and stretchability of electrodes. Herein, we introduce novel 2D reentrant cellular structures of porous graphene/CNT networks for omnidirectionally stretchable supercapacitor electrodes. Reentrant structures, with inwardly protruded frameworks in porous networks, were fabricated by the radial compression of vertically aligned honeycomb-like rGO/CNT networks, which were prepared by a directional crystallization method. Unlike typical porous graphene structures, the reentrant structure provided structure-assisted stretchability, such as accordion and origami structures, to otherwise unstretchable materials. The 2D reentrant structures of graphene/CNT networks maintained excellent electrical conductivities under biaxial stretching conditions and showed a slightly negative or near-zero Poisson's ratio over a wide strain range because of their structural uniqueness. For practical applications, we fabricated all-solid-state supercapacitors based on 2D auxetic structures. A radial compression process up to 1/10<sup>th</sup> densified the electrode, significantly increasing the areal and volumetric capacitances of the electrodes. Additionally, vertically aligned graphene/CNT networks provided a plentiful surface area and induced sufficient ion transport pathways for the electrodes. Therefore, they exhibited high gravimetric and areal capacitance values of 152.4 F g<sup>-1</sup> and 2.9 F cm<sup>-2</sup>, respectively, and had an excellent retention ratio of 88% under a biaxial strain of 100%. Auxetic cellular and vertically aligned structures provide a new strategy for the preparation of robust platforms for stretchable energy storage electrodes.
Warum sind Proteine geladen? Netzwerke aus Ladungs‐Ladungs‐Wechselwirkungen in Proteinen, analysiert über Ladungsleitern und Kapillarelektrophorese (2006)

Abstract Fast alle Proteine enthalten geladene Aminosäuren. Während für einzelne Ladungen im aktiven Zentrum die Funktion bei der Katalyse oder der Bindung häufig aufgeklärt werden kann, ist es weniger ersichtlich, welche Funktion den Ladungen außerhalb dieser Region zuzuordnen ist. Sind sie für die Löslichkeit notwendig? Oder haben sie andere Aufgaben? Lassen sich durch Verändern dieser Ladungen die Proteineigenschaften variieren? Eine Kombination aus Kapillarelektrophorese (CE) und “Proteinladungsleitern” ermöglicht es, die Funktionen geladener Reste auf der Proteinoberfläche außerhalb des aktiven Zentrums zu studieren. Dazu werden diese Reste durch Reaktionen modifiziert, die eine große Zahl unterschiedlich geladener Derivate des Proteins liefern. CE trennt diese Derivate in Fraktionen mit der gleichen Zahl modifizierter geladener Gruppen. Die Untersuchung des Ladungseinflusses auf die Proteineigenschaften unter Verwendung von Ladungsleitern ermöglicht es, die Nettoladung und den hydrodynamischen Radius der Proteine zu bestimmen und auf die Rolle geladener Reste bei Ligandbindung und Proteinfaltung zu schließen.
Pilot-Based Synchronization and Equalization in Filter Bank Multicarrier Communications (2010)

This paper presents a detailed analysis of synchronization methods based on scattered pilots for filter bank based multicarrier (FBMC) communications, taking into account the interplay of the synchronization, channel estimation, and equalization methods. We show that by applying pilots designed specifically for filter banks, the carrier frequency offset (CFO), fractional time delay (FTD), and channel response can be accurately estimated. Further, a novel joint FTD and channel estimation scheme, based on iterative interference cancelation, permits extending the FTD estimation range well beyond the limit imposed by the pilot separation. The channel parameter estimation and compensation are successfully performed totally in the frequency domain, in a subchannel-wise fashion, which is appealing in spectrally agile and cognitive radio scenarios. The performance evaluation is done in a hypothetical WiMAX scenario in which an FBMC system would substitute OFDM maintaining as much physical layer compatibility as possible.
Pressure amplification of laser induced plasma shockwaves with shock tubes for nanoparticle removal (2007)

A method using shock tubes for amplifying the dynamic pressure of Laser Induced Plasma (LIP) shockwaves for removing sub-100-nm nanoparticles is introduced and demonstrated. The higher the amplitude of the pressure generated, the smaller the particles that can be removed and, thus the more useful for a variety of applications. Constraining the expansion of the LIP core with a shock tube is a non-contact approach to increase pressure amplitude by an order of magnitude for removal of particles without damaging the substrate through shockwave and LIP radiation heating effects. Heat transfer to the substrate increases as the distance from the LIP core to the substrate (gap distance d) decreases. LIP shockwaves in air, however, demonstrate a pressure decrease on an order of magnitude per every 5 mm in the reported experimental set-up. The shock tube technique allows for higher pressures at distances significantly further from the core of LIP. In the current investigation, the effect of a set of shock tubes to amplify the transient pressure of the LIP-generated shockwave fronts has been studied to evaluate their pressure amplification performances. The effectiveness of a shock tube is quantified in terms of its pressure amplification factor. Through experimental data from several shock tube geometries examined, pressure amplification factors of 11.00 have been experimentally verified which is a ratio of shock-tube-generated transient pressure of 523 kPa to in-air LIP transient pressure of 47.5 kPa at the same gap distance d = 10 mm. The potential advantages of shock tubes as an amplification approach are discussed.
Plant and Bacterial Toxins as RNAN-Glycosidases (2014)

Along with identification of the enzymatic function of ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) came the recognition that certain bacterial toxins, called Shiga toxins (Stxs), fit into the category of plant proteins. We now know that these plant and bacterial poisons have the broader specificity of polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidases, at least in vitro. This chapter refers to the enzymes interchangeably as RIPs or RNA N-glycosidases. Recently, additional enzymatic activities have been attributed to the RIPs. However, when four different RIPs were highly purified, the only enzymatic activity they retained was the capacity to remove adenine from rRNA or DNA. This observation indicates that the RIPs, originally defined as RNA N-glycosidases, are actually polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidases, at least in vitro. One unusual feature of the RIPs is that, although they share the same enzymatic activity and their preferred target is intact mammalian ribosomes, they are not equally active on target ribosomes in vitro. There appear to be at least two explanations for this phenomenon. One reason that some RNA N-glycosidases do not appear to be as active as others in cell-free assays is that they require cofactors such as ATP. The second reason that some RIPs have varying specificities is that they appear to interact with ribosomal proteins. Consistent with a protective function for the plant RNA N-glycosidases is that the RIPs are both lethal and often stored in large quantities.
Conversion of 1‐Boc‐indoles to 1‐Boc‐oxindoles. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
On-Line Monitoring of Indoor Environmental Gases Using ART2 Neural Networks and Multi-Sensor Fusion (2005)

We propose an on-line gas monitoring system for classifying various gases with different concentrations. Using thermal modulation of the operating temperature of two sensors, we extract patterns of gases from the voltage across the load resistance. We adopt the relative resistance as a preprocessing method, ART2 neural networks as a pattern recognition method, and a simple coordinator as a multi-sensor fusion method to provide more reliable and accurate information. The proposed method has been implemented in a real time embedded system with tin oxide gas sensors, TGS 2611, 2602, and an MSP430 ultra-low power microcontroller in the test chamber.
Targeted Radiolabeled Receptor-Avid Peptides (2008)

The advances in the design and development of novel molecular imaging agents continue to occur globally at an accelerating rate. Radiotracers to probe and interrogate biochemical, cellular, and genetic processes involved in a myriad of disease states are being identified and assessed in both in vitro and in vivo systems. Over the past two decades, interest in developing radiolabeled peptides for imaging and treatment of cancers has been rapidly increasing. Technological advances in molecular biology, combinatorial chemistry, and peptide biochemistry are being used as a molecular basis to characterize receptor expression and to develop cognate receptor–avid radiolabeled peptide conjugates. The majority of the radiolabeled peptide conjugates discussed in this summary are analogues of naturally occurring regulatory peptides that act on multiple cellular targets in the human body. These regulatory peptides control and modulate important functions of cells and organs. Their action is often mediated through specific membrane-bound receptors and most belong to the class of G protein–coupled receptors.
Optoelectronic switching for SCM networks (1994)

Subcarrier-multiplexed (SCM) optical links combine high-speed digital and analog signals onto an optical carrier.1 Figure 1 shows how multiple antenna feeds could be distributed over a wavelength-division-multiplex (WDM) based system. At each port an optoelectronic (OE) switch selects the particular feed. Multiple users receive the full spectrum of signals simultaneously and can by way of the OE selector switch monitor a single desired feed.
Diagnostic approach of using an electron tracking compton gamma-ray camera based on small animal and phantom experiments (2007)

A conventional Compton camera reconstructs initial gamma-rays direction as circle. A Compton gamma-ray camera which we have developed can detect electron tracks. So our camera can reconstruct the initial gamma-rays as arc. It makes getting the low noise of image. In this paper, we report the results of three version of electron tracking camera. One is 10 x 10 x 10 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> Time Projection Chamber (TPC) as a scatter detector and 15 x 15 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> GSO pixel scintillator array (PSA) as an absorber. Second is a 10 x 10 x 10 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> TPC and a 10 x 10 cm2 LaBr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> PSA. The energy resolution of LaBr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> scintillator is about 2 times better than GSO scintillator. Third is a 30 x 30 x 15 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> TPC and a 30 x 30 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> GSO pixel PSA. The efficiency of this system is better than 10 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> cube Compton gammra-ray camera.
Fibrin Specific Peptides Derived by Phage Display: Characterization of Peptides and Conjugates for Imaging (2012)

Peptides that bind to fibrin but not to fibrinogen or serum albumin were selected from phage display libraries as targeting moieties for thrombus molecular imaging probes. Three classes of cyclic peptides (cyclized via disulfide bond between two Cys) were identified with consensus sequences XArXCPY(G/D)LCArIX (Ar = aromatic, Tn6), X(2)CXYYGTCLX (Tn7), and NHGCYNSYGVPYCDYS (Tn10). These peptides bound to fibrin at ∼2 sites with K(d) = 4.1 μM, 4.0 μM, and 8.7 μM, respectively, whereas binding to fibrinogen was at least 100-fold weaker. The peptides also bind to the fibrin degradation product DD(E) with similar affinity to that measured for fibrin. The Tn7 and Tn10 peptides bind to the same site on fibrin, while the Tn6 peptides bind to a unique site. Alanine scanning identified the N- and C-terminal ends of the Tn6 and Tn7 peptides as most tolerant to modification. Peptide conjugates with either fluorescein or diethylenetriaminepentaaceto gadolinium(III) (GdDTPA) at the N-terminus were prepared for potential imaging applications, and these retained fibrin binding affinity and specificity in plasma. Relaxivity and binding studies on the GdDTPA derivatives revealed that an N-terminal glycyl linker had a modest effect on fibrin affinity but resulted in lower fibrin-bound relaxivity.