gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simplified treatment of cooligomerization kinetics (1972)

Abstract Equations for the degree of polymerization and the cooligomer composition in the styrene (A)–methyl methacrylate (B)–CCl 4 (S) system were derived from the assumed reaction scheme by the use of some assumptions for simplification, and their appropriateness was examined. The chain transfer constants of the growing radicals of styrene ( C SA ) and methyl methacrylate ( C SB ) to CCl 4 , which were estimated from the apparent chain transfer constants C SAB in the cooligomerization system, agreed with the homooligomerization values. This means that the degree of the polymerization of the cooligomer can be expressed by the equation: where P n is the degree of polymerization of the cooligomer and P n O is that when no chain transfer agent (CCl 4 ) is added; r A and r B are the monomer reactivity ratios of monomers A and B in this system. The cooligomer composition deviated from the statistical steady‐state composition on the low molecular weight side, and this deviation was explained by the equation:
5-Aminolaevulinic Acid Methyl Ester Transport on Amino Acid Carriers in a Human Colon Adenocarcinoma Cell Line¶ (2001)

The transport mechanisms of 5-aminolevulinic acid methyl ester (5-ALA-ME) have been studied in a human adenocarcinoma cell line (WiDr) by means of 14[C]-labeled 5-ALA-ME. The transport was found to be partly Na+ dependent, while the extracellular Cl- concentration did not affect the uptake. The transport of 5-ALA-ME into WiDr cells was dependent on the incubation temperature and was found to be completely blocked by the inhibitors of energy metabolism, 2-deoxyglucose and sodium azide. WiDr cells were treated with 10 mM of 14 different amino acids and the substrate specificity of the 5-ALA-ME transporter(s) was analyzed by treating the cells with 23 microM or 1 mM 14[C]-labeled 5-ALA-ME. The transport of 5-ALA-ME was found to be inhibited to the highest extent, i.e. about 60%, by the nonpolar amino acids L-alanine, L-methionine, L-tryptophan and glycine. The uptake of 5-ALA-ME followed an exponential decay with increasing concentration of glycine, reaching a maximum inhibition of uptake of 5-ALA-ME of 55%. Sarcosine, a specific inhibitor of system Gly, did not significantly inhibit 5-ALA-ME transport. In contrast to transport of 5-ALA, 5-ALA-ME does not seem to be taken up by system BETA transporters. In conclusion, the cellular uptake of 5-ALA-ME into WiDr cells seems to be due to active transport mechanisms, involving transporters of nonpolar amino acids.
Femtosecond photoemission study of electron relaxation in two-dimensional layered electron systems (1997)

By using the femtosecond two photon photoemission technique, we directly measured the lifetimes of photoexcited electrons in two layered materials, graphite and SnS2. The inverse lifetimes of photoexcited electrons in these two-dimensional layered materials exhibit linear energy dependence, i.e., 1/τ∝(E−EF), instead of quadratic, i.e., 1/τ∝(E−EF)2 as predicted by Fermi liquid theory. This can be explained with the layered electron gas theory, according to which the electron-plasmon interaction is strong, even for electrons at low excitation energies, due to the formation of plasmon band in layered electron systems. Furthermore, our observations in SnS2 also suggest that in layered semiconductors, photogenerated electron-hole pairs will recombine directly by emitting plasmons, and this causes the lifetimes of the conduction band electrons to be much shorter than those in three-dimensional semiconductors.
Comprehensive CEP Evaluation Method for Calculating Positioning Precision of Navigation Systems (2013)

This study aims to evaluate the navigation performance of navigation systems. To this end, we comprehensively investigate 12 methods for calculating circular error probability (CEP). Using data processing techniques, we classify these methods into three categories: parameterization of one-dimensional variables, computation of bi-normal random variables, and numerical integration. From these methods, we develop algorithms and programs, which are subsequently applied in evaluating the positioning accuracy of navigation systems. Using the algorithms and programs, we perform simulations to evaluate applicability and evaluation accuracy under the same initial conditions. Practical test data are employed to validate the results. Using the comparison of the methods as bases, we put forward a comprehensive practical method regarding sample number and evaluation accuracy.
Compensating for image placement errors for the HP 3X nm node (2010)

As the feature size is smaller, the overlay budget of lithography for the rigorous manufacturing control becomes so small. And, overlay accuracy has become more important due to small overlap margin and double patterning process. Recently, a scanner maker has developed several effective solutions to correct the errors of overlay in field. But, the error induced by photomask still remains, so the accuracy of photomask image placement is required below than several nm for the HP 3X nm memory device generation. But, current e-beam writers don't meet this specification. There are various sources of image placement errors. Many papers report their analysis of those errors, so we focus on e-beam charging effect and compensation. Especially, their compensating methods are too complex to apply to production. So, it is need a simple way to compensate to image placement errors effectively.
Analysis of molten debris freezing and wall erosion during a severe RIA test. [PWR; BWR] (1980)

A one-dimensional physical model was developed to study the transient freezing of the molten debris layer (a mixture of UO/sub 2/ fuel and zircaloy cladding) produced in a severe reactivity initiated accident in-pile test and deposited on the inner surface of the test shroud wall. The wall had a finite thickness and was cooled along its outer surface by coolant bypass flow. Analyzed are the effects of debris temperature, radiation cooling at the debris layer surface, zircaloy volume ratio within the debris, and initial wall temperature on the transient freezing of the debris layer and the potential melting of the wall. The governing equations of this two-component, simultaneous freezing and melting problem in a finite geometry were solved using a one-dimensional finite element code based on the method of weighted residuals.
High-quality Speech Coding with Sample RNN (2019)

We provide a speech coding scheme employing a generative model based on SampleRNN that, while operating at significantly lower bitrates, matches or surpasses the perceptual quality of state-of-the-art classic wide-band codecs. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the proposed scheme can provide a meaningful rate-distortion trade-off without retraining. We evaluate the proposed scheme in a series of listening tests and discuss limitations of the approach.
Fas- and FasL-deficient mice are resistant to induction of autoimmune encephalomyelitis (1997)

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an organ-specific autoimmune disease inducible in susceptible animals by myelin Ag-specific CD4+ Th1 cells. The mechanisms by which these cells induce inflammation and demyelination in the central nervous system (CNS) are incompletely understood. To determine the roles of Fas and FasL in the involvement of CNS autoimmune injury, we determined susceptibility to EAE of Fas-or FasL-deficient mice. Compared with wild-type mice, mice expressing lpr (Fas) and gld (FasL) mutations were relatively resistant to the development of clinical EAE, and this correlated with fewer inflammatory infiltrates and cells undergoing apoptosis in the CNS of the mutant mice. The gld and lpr mice, however, developed significant T cell responses with production of Th1 cytokines in response to the encephalitogenic myelin peptide. These results suggest that the Fas/FasL pathway plays a critical role in the development of EAE probably by mediating apoptosis within the target tissue.
A Comparison of the Fatty Acid Esters of Estradiol and Corticosterone Synthesized by tIssues of the Rat (1989)

The biosynthesis of the fatty acid esters of the corticoid (corticosterone) and estrogen (estradiol) was compared in parallel incubations of corticosterone and estradiol with several tissues of the rat. The fatty acid composition of the esters of the two steroids was characterized in mammary and uterine tissue. In both of these tissues, the esters of estradiol were extremely heterogeneous. To the contrary, in the same tissues only one predominant ester of corticosterone, corticosterone-21-oleate, was formed. It comprised 70-80% of the total. The oleate ester of estradiol accounted for only 20% of the esters of this estrogen. In addition, fatty acid esters of an A-ring reduced metabolite of corticosterone, 5 beta-dihydrocorticosterone, was also identified. Its fatty acid composition is identical to that of corticosterone. In other experiments the fatty acid esters of both steroids were isolated from several tissues and quantified. When the amount of steroidal ester formed was compared, there was over a 100-fold difference among the various tissues in the ratio of estradiol to corticosterone ester synthesized. Thus, the rate of synthesis of the fatty acid esters of each class of steroid varies dramatically from tissue to tissue, and their fatty acid composition differs markedly as well. If the same enzyme synthesized both the estrogen and corticoid esters, then it would be expected that the relative amount of both esters synthesized in various tissues should be constant and likewise that their composition should be the same. Since neither occurred, these results suggest that the enzyme which produces the C-17 fatty acid esters of the estrogens may be different from the one which synthesizes the C-21 esters of the corticoids. The existence of separate enzyme systems for the synthesis of the fatty acid esters of these steroid hormones opens the possibility of specific physiological controls of each of these unusual steroidal metabolites.
The role of diastolic ventricular interaction in abnormal cardiac baroreflex function in chronic heart failure (1999)

Baroreflex abnormalities have been well documented in both patients with chronic heart failure and experimental animal models of heart failure. These abnormalities are associated with increased mortality and probably contribute to neurohumoral activation. While it is likely that several mechanisms contribute to reduced baroreflex sensitivity, it has been difficult to explain why baroreflex control mechanisms during acute volume unloading in patients with severe chronic heart failure should be directionally opposite to those in normal subjects. Volume unloading normally causes a reduction in baroreceptor activity, and hence an increase in sympathetic outflow; however, patients with chronic heart failure develop attenuated increases or paradoxical reductions in forearm vascular resistance, muscle sympathetic nerve activity, and noradrenaline spillover. It has been suggested that this probably represents paradoxical activation of left ventricular (LV) mechanoreceptors, but why LV receptors should behave in such a fashion has not been determined. In the setting of diastolic ventricular interaction, the filling of the left ventricle is constrained by the surrounding pericardium and right ventricle. In these patients, the reduction in right ventricular (RV) volume that normally occurs during acute volume unloading allows for an increase in LV end-diastolic volume (as opposed to the reduction in LV volume that normally occurs). We have demonstrated this to be important in some patients with chronic heart failure, and observed that baroreflex control of forearm vascular resistance was markedly impaired in these patients. We propose that the increase in LV volume that occurred during volume unloading would increase LV mechanoreceptor activity, and could therefore explain the paradoxical reductions in sympathetic outflow. As discussed, this has important therapeutic implications.
DERBI: A Digital Method to Help Researchers Offer “Right-to-Know” Personal Exposure Results (2017)

Summary:Researchers and clinicians in environmental health and medicine increasingly show respect for participants and patients by involving them in decision-making. In this context, the return of personal results to study participants is becoming ethical best practice, and many participants now expect to see their data. However, researchers often lack the time and expertise required for report-back, especially as studies measure greater numbers of analytes, including many without clear health guidelines. In this article, our goal is to demonstrate how a prototype digital method, the Digital Exposure Report-Back Interface (DERBI), can reduce practical barriers to high-quality report-back. DERBI uses decision rules to automate the production of personalized summaries of notable results and generates graphs of individual results with comparisons to the study group and benchmark populations. Reports discuss potential sources of chemical exposure, what is known and unknown about health effects, strategies for exposure reduction, and study-wide findings. Researcher tools promote discovery by drawing attention to patterns of high exposure and offer novel ways to increase participant engagement. DERBI reports have been field tested in two studies. Digital methods like DERBI reduce practical barriers to report-back thus enabling researchers to meet their ethical obligations and participants to get knowledge they can use to make informed choices.
Use case for a scalable and topology aware MPLS data plane monitoring system (2015)

This document describes features and a use case of a path monitoring
system. Segment based routing enables a scalable and simple method to
monitor data plane liveliness of the complete set of paths belonging
to a single domain. Compared with legacy MPLS ping and path trace,
MPLS topology awareness reduces management and control plane
involvement of OAM measurements while enabling new OAM features.
Synthesis and Characterization of Octaalkyl Metallo and Metal-Free Phthalocyanines and Decaalkyl Uranyl Superphthalocyanines. (1981)

A straightforward, efficient, and generalizable synthesis of symmetrically substituted 2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-octaalkyl phthalocyanines and 2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24,30,31-decaalkyl uranyl superphthalocyanines from o-dialkyl benzenes is described. For phthalocyanines, the approach is illustrated for methyl and n-butyl substituents. and both metal-free and nickel complexes are reported. Uranyl superphthalocyanines have been prepared with methyl and n-butyl substituents. The new complexes have been characterized by a variety of chemical and physicochemical methods. Quantitative determination of the solubilities of substituted and unsubstituted phthalocyanine and superphthalocyanine complexes in both 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene and toluene demonstrates decreasing solubility in the order (4,5-Bu2)5SPcUO2 (4-Me)5SPcUO2 (4,5-Me2)5SPcUO2 - SPcUO2 (4-Me)4PcH2 Ni(4,5-Bu2)Pc Ni(4,5-Me2) 4Pc - NiPc. Attempts to displace the uranyl ion from (4,5-R2)5SPcUO2 with acids or Cu(OAc)2 lead to the formation of (4,5-R2)4PcH2 or Cu(4,5-R2)4Pc, respectively. (Author)
Abstract 2115: Therapeutic potential of fingolimod against prostate cancer cells is partly attributed to interrupting the cross talk between estrogen and sphingolipid metabolisms (2017)

Abstract Sphingolipids influence tumor microenvironment in different malignancies. Estrogen and estrogen metabolites are involved in prostate cancer. Fingolimod is Sphingokinase-1 (SphK1) inhibitor which possesses anticancer properties in various tumor types. The aim of the current study is to investigate the interference of Fingolimod with the cross talk between sphingolipid and estrogen metabolisms within prostate cancer cells as a novel therapeutic strategy. The design is based on determining the mutual influence between estrogen metabolism/signaling and sphingolipid metabolism within prostate cancer cells. Cytotoxicity using SRB-U assay; cell cycle analysis using DNA cytometry and intracellular caspase-3 concentration were assessed. Estrogen metabolites and estrogen metabolizing enzymes were determined using LC/MS and RT-PCR, respectively. Estrogen receptor (ERα and ERβ) expression and their downstream signaling (CXCR4 and Cyclin-D1, respectively) were measured using immunocytochemical staining and RT-PCR, respectively. Fingolimod showed antiproliferative/cytotoxic effects against different prostate cancer cells (LNCaP, DU145 and PC3) with IC50 ranging from 3.0±0.3 to 6.8±1.7 µM. Fingolimod induced significant decrease in estradiol, estrone, 4-hydroxyestradiol and 16α-hydroxyestrone concentrations with reciprocal increase in 2-methoxyestrone and 2-methoxyestradiol concentrations. This was mirrored by significant down expression for the enzymes, aromatese, CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 and over expression for the enzyme COMT. Additionally, Fingolimod suppressed the expression of ERα and ERβ within prostate cancer cells as well as their downstream signaling (CXCR4 and Cyclin-D1, respectively). Reciprocally, it was found that estradiol and catechol estrogens induce the expression of SphK1 while methoxylated catechol estrogen suppresses its expression. Our results give compelling evidence that Fingolimod has therapeutic potential by modulating the estrogenic micromilieu and interrupting its cross talk with sphingolipid metabolism in prostate cancer cells. Citation Format: Rasha M. Allam, Ahmed M. Al-Abd, Alaa Khedr, Ola A. Sharaf, Salwa M. Nofal, Amani E. Khalifa, Hisham A. Mosli, Ashraf B. Abdel-Naim. Therapeutic potential of fingolimod against prostate cancer cells is partly attributed to interrupting the cross talk between estrogen and sphingolipid metabolisms [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2115. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-2115
A fully integrated 3.1-10.6-GHz Ultra-Wideband Low Noise Amplifier for UWB Applications (2006)

This paper presents a fully integrated ultra-wideband 3.1-10.6 GHz low noise amplifier (LNA) in a standard 0.25 mum SiGe BiCMOS process. The LNA circuit is a cascade topology with inductively degeneration transistor. A new input impedance matching network based on monolithic transformers was proposed to overcome to the problem of broadband matching without degrading the noise performance and power delivery. The LNA achieves a flat power gain of 14.32dB with an input matching of -9dB over the band, a minimum noise figure (NF) of 2.4-5.7dB across the entire bandwidth, while consuming 9.54mW at 1.8V supply
Imaging and Elemental Mapping of Biological Specimens with the Hitachi HD-2300A Dual-EDS Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope (2010)

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2010 in Portland, Oregon, USA, August 1 – August 5, 2010.
Global Forward-Backward Approach for a Systematic Analysis and Implementation of Hybrid Vehicle Management Laws. Application to a Two Clutches Parallel Hybrid Power Train. (2004)

EET-2004 European Ele-Drive Conference, ESTORIL, PORTUGAL, 18-/03/2004 - 20/03/2004
Predictive block-matching motion estimation schemes for video compression. II. Inter-frame prediction of motion vectors (2002)

For pt. I see ibid., vol.2, p.1088 (1991). A novel predictive block matching motion estimation scheme is proposed for efficient video codec design. The proposed scheme is based on the 'inertia' effect of natural video scenes and takes advantage of the motion vectors obtained in the previous frames. Not only are motion searching time and overhead significantly reduced, but the proposed scheme also provides a realistic motion tendency, which is very useful for frame-skipping/interpolation techniques. These advantages are demonstrated by experimental results obtained on the Abekas video system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Memristor Based Autoencoder for Unsupervised Real-Time Network Intrusion and Anomaly Detection (2019)

Custom low power hardware for real-time network security and anomaly detection are in great demand, as these would allow for efficient security in battery-powered network devices. This paper presents a memristor based system for real-time intrusion detection, as well as an anomaly detection based on autoencoders. Intrusion detection is based on a single autoencoder, and the overall detection accuracy of this system is 92.91% with a malicious packet detection accuracy of 98.89%. The system described in this paper is also capable of using two autoencoders to perform anomaly detection using real-time online learning. Using this system, we show that anomalous data is flagged by the system, but over time the system stops flagging a particular datatype if its presence is abundant. Utilizing memristors in these designs allows us to present extreme low power systems for intrusion and anomaly detection, while sacrificing little accuracy.
Wall scaling laws for high-Reynolds-number turbulent pipe flow at Reτ = 3008 (2015)

A direct numerical simulation of turbulent pipe flow is performed at Reτ = 3008 with a long streamwise domain length (30R) to investigate wall scaling laws in the physical and wavenumber spaces. The power law follows the streamwise mean velocity in the overlap region, y+ = 90 − 300, evaluated by the power law indicator function. The scale-separated Reynolds shear stress shows that the largescale motions (λx+ > 3000) are more responsible to construct the constant-stress layer than the small-scale motions (λx+ < 3000), and thus it is proposed that the large-scale motions more contribute to the growth of the mean velocity in the overlap region than the small-scale motions. In the premultiplied energy spectra of the streamwise velocity fluctuations, the kx−1 region ssociates with the attached eddies appeared in λx/R = 2 − 5 at y+ = 90 − 300 with the bimodal distribution. Linear growth of small-scale energies to large-scale energies helps to appear the kx−1 region at high Reynolds number.
Rational Approach to Glucose Taste Chemoreceptor Inhibitors as Novel Insect Antifeedants (1991)

The glucose taste chemoreceptors of Manduca sexta were topographically mapped to provide receptor models for the rational design of inhibitors that can block the caterpillar's taste of glucose and lead to feeding inhibition. For the lateral receptor, glucose binds by hydrogen-bond donation using C-2, C-3, C-4 and C-6 hydroxyl groups. For the medial receptor, in addition to the above hydrogen-bond donations, glucose accepts hydrogen-bonds using C-1 and C-3 oxygens. A glucose mimic, cyclic guanidine 1, was designed and synthesized to validate the receptor models. Based on this receptor information, inhibitors were designed and synthesized and found to have antifeedant activities. Fumarate 8 reduces the glucose response by 70% (0.1M) based on electrophysiology and reduces feeding by 46% (0.03M) in vivo.