gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Impacts of heavy metals on 1,2-dichloroethane biodegradation in co-contaminated soil (2009)

1,2-Dichloroethane (DCA ) ，一种潜在的诱导有机体突变的物质和致癌物，通常通过它的工业、农业的使用被介绍进环境。在这研究，在土壤的 DCA 降级上的铅和水银的影响被调查，由于经常在大多数地点遇到的复杂合作污染问题。1,2-Dichloroethane 在污染沃土和黏土乐意地被降级，降级率常数在 0.370-0.536 星期之间变化 ? 1 并且 0.309-0.417 星期 ? 1 分别地。重金属的存在在两种土壤类型在 DCA 降级上有否定影响，在一个星期以内在 DCA 降级导致多达 24.11% 减小。简历刺激和处理添加剂增加了 DCA 降级，与在葡萄糖和 diphosphate 盐和钠氯化物的联合的增加之上观察的最好的降级，分别地导致 DCA 降级的大约 17.91% 和 43.50% 增加。结果让答应为土壤的有效补习的潜力与使氯化的 organics 和重金属共同污染。然而，最好的简历补习策略将取决于土壤类型，在土壤矩阵在场的微生物引起的人口，营养素可获得性和金属形式。
Allosteric Activation of Protein Phosphatase 2C by d-chiro-Inositol−Galactosamine, a Putative Mediator Mimetic of Insulin Action (2005)

Insulin-stimulated glucose disposal in skeletal muscle proceeds predominantly through a nonoxidative pathway with glycogen synthase as a rate-limiting enzyme, yet the mechanisms for insulin activation of glycogen synthase are not understood despite years of investigation. Isolation of putative insulin second messengers from beef liver yielded a pseudo-disaccharide consisting of pinitol (3-O-methyl-d-chiro-inositol) beta-1,4 linked to galactosamine chelated with Mn(2+) (called INS2). Here we show that chemically synthesized INS2 has biological activity that significantly enhances insulin reduction of hyperglycemia in streptozotocin diabetic rats. We used computer modeling to dock INS2 onto the known three-dimensional crystal structure of protein phosphatase 2C (PP2C). Modeling and FlexX/CScore energy minimization predicted a unique favorable site on PP2C for INS2 in a surface cleft adjacent to the catalytic center. Binding of INS2 is predicted to involve formation of multiple H-bonds, including one with residue Asp163. Wild-type PP2C activity assayed with a phosphopeptide substrate was potently stimulated in a dose-dependent manner by INS2. In contrast, the D163A mutant of PP2C was not activated by INS2. The D163A mutant and wild-type PP2C in the absence of INS2 had the same Mn(2+)-dependent phosphatase activity with p-nitrophenyl phosphate as a substrate, showing that this mutation did not disrupt the catalytic site. We propose that INS2 allosterically activates PP2C, fulfilling the role of a putative mediator mimetic of insulin signaling to promote protein dephosphorylation and metabolic responses.
Chemie und Biologie von Terpentrilactonen ausGinkgo biloba (2004)

Abstract G inkgo biloba – der Ginkgobaum – ist die älteste lebende Baumart der Welt. Ginkgo‐Präparate sind ein wichtiger Bestandteil in der traditionellen chinesischen Medizin, und in den letzten Jahren haben die Blattextrakte als Phytopräparat in Europa und als Nahrungsergänzungsmittel weltweit breiten Absatz gefunden. Zu den postulierten Wirkungen des Ginkgo‐biloba ‐Extrakts gehören die Verbesserung der Gedächtnisleistung, die Steigerung der Blutzirkulation und eine Verzögerung der Alzheimer‐Demenz. Was den Extrakt so einzigartig macht, sind die Terpentrilactone – Ginkgolide und Bilobalid –, die als strukturell komplexe Moleküle attraktive Zielstrukturen für Totalsynthesen waren. Es wird angenommen, dass Terpentrilactone für die neuroregulatorischen Eigenschaften der Ginkgo‐biloba ‐Extrakte mit ausschlaggebend sind. Eine Reihe biologischer Wirkungen der in den letzten Jahren entdeckten Terpentrilactone macht diese zu aussichtsreichen pharmakologischen Substanzen.
Ring opening induced by iminyl radicals derived from cyclobutanones: new aspects of tin hydride cleavage of S-phenyl sulfenylimines (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRing opening induced by iminyl radicals derived from cyclobutanones: new aspects of tin hydride cleavage of S-phenyl sulfenyliminesJean Boivin, Eric Fouquet, and Samir Z. ZardCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 3, 1055–1057Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1991https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00003a057RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1224Altmetric-Citations125LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (407 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
The Link between Type 2 Diabetes and Neurodegeneration: Roles for Amyloid-β, Amylin, and Tau Proteins (2017)

A wealth of evidence indicates a strong link between type 2 diabetes (T2D) and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Although the precise mechanism remains unclear, T2D can exacerbate neurodegenerative processes. Brain atrophy, reduced cerebral glucose metabolism, and central nervous system insulin resistance are features of both AD and T2D. The T2D phenotype (glucose dyshomeostasis, insulin resistance, impaired insulin signaling) also promotes AD pathology, namely accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau and can induce other aspects of neuronal degeneration including inflammatory and oxidative processes. Aβ and hyperphosphorylated tau may also have roles in pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and in reducing insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake by peripheral tissues such as liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue. This suggests a role for these AD-related proteins in promoting T2D. The accumulation of the islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP, or amylin) within islet β-cells is a major pathological feature of the pancreas in patients with chronic T2D. Co-secreted with insulin, amylin accumulates over time and contributes to β-cell toxicity, ultimately leading to reduced insulin secretion and onset of overt (insulin dependent) diabetes. Recent evidence also suggests that this protein accumulates in the brain of AD patients and may interact with Aβ to exacerbate the neurodegenerative process. In this review, we highlight evidence indicating T2D in promoting Aβ and tau mediated neurodegeneration and the potential contributions of Aβ and tau in promoting a diabetic phenotype that could further exacerbate neurodegeneration. We also discuss underlying mechanisms by which amylin can contribute to the neurodegenerative processes.
OR-PCA with dynamic feature selection for robust background subtraction (2015)

Background modeling and foreground object detection is the first step in visual surveillance system. The task becomes more difficult when the background scene contains significant variations, such as water surface, waving trees and sudden illumination conditions, etc. Recently, subspace learning model such as Robust Principal Component Analysis (RPCA) provides a very nice framework for separating the moving objects from the stationary scenes. However, due to its batch optimization process, high dimensional data should be processed. As a result, huge computational complexity and memory problems occur in traditional RPCA based approaches. In contrast, Online Robust PCA (OR-PCA) has the ability to process such large dimensional data via stochastic manners. OR-PCA processes one frame per time instance and updates the subspace basis accordingly when a new frame arrives. However, due to the lack of features, the sparse component of OR-PCA is not always ro-bust to handle various background modeling challenges. As a consequence, the system shows a very weak performance, which is not desirable for real applications. To handle these challenges, this paper presents a multi-feature based OR-PCA scheme. A multi-feature model is able to build a ro-bust low-rank background model of the scene. In addition, a very nice feature selection process is designed to dynamically select a useful set of features frame by frame, according to the weighted sum of total features. Experimental results on challenging datasets such as Wallflower, I2R and BMC 2012 show that the proposed scheme outperforms the state of the art approaches for the background subtraction task.
Modeling RZ-DPSK transmission - simulations and measurements for an installed submarine system (2005)

We model RZ-DPSK transmission in an installed 6,550 km transatlantic submarine system. Simulations agree well with measurements. Simulations predict that nonlinear noise does not eliminate the RZ-DPSK advantage over RZ-OOK, even for trans-Pacific distances.
High-Resolution Parameter Estimation for Time-Varying Double Directional V2V Channel (2017)

This paper describes a high-resolution parameter estimation algorithm applied to the vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) multi-dimensional channel measurements. The algorithm, which is based on a maximum likelihood estimator, jointly estimates parameters of multipath components, such as time-of-arrival, direction of departure, direction of arrival, and Doppler shift. It serves to provide a comprehensive understanding of the V2V propagation channel. We propose computationally attractive methods to initialize parameters in the global search and evaluate key components in the local optimization. We also apply the algorithm to actual V2V channel measurement data. The results suggest an overall good performance of the estimator, where 80% of the snapshots have a diffuse power ratio less than 20% and the dominant specular paths match well with the environment and dynamics of the measurement.
3.4: Invited Paper : Laser TV ‐ Ultra Wide Color Gamut in Conformity with xvYCC (2007)

Abstract This paper provides some interpretations of the Laser TV which we have successfully developed [1]. The Laser TV is an HDTV that adopts solid state lasers involving three primary colors, red, green and blue for the light source. The adoption of a laser light source helped us realize an HDTV with a dramatically wide color gamut, namely 190% the color gamut of ITU‐R BT.709. In addition, we have also developed an LSI that can deal with the extended color space xvYCC, which is a new international standard, and mounted the LSI in the HDTV. The display of colorful and natural video pictures has been achieved through the effective use of the wide color gamut involved in the laser light source supported by a video signal processing circuit that complies with the xvYCC standard and Natural Color Matrix, a color management technique.
Aggregation-Mediated Optical Properties of pH-Responsive Anionic Conjugated Polyelectrolytes (2006)

Conjugated polyelectrolyte copolymers containing 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole- (BT) and oligo(ethylene oxide)-substituted fluorene and phenylene units have been designed and synthesized. The phenylene pendent groups also have carboxylic acid functionalities, which allow probing the effect of pH on optical properties. The BT content in the backbone can be regulated at the synthesis stage. Dynamic light scattering studies show that polymers aggregate in water at low pH. Increased interchain contacts give rise to a lowering of the photoluminescence (PL) efficiency via self-quenching when the BT units are absent and increased levels of FRET from the phenylene-fluorene segments to BT. Furthermore, the PL efficiency of BT increases in the aggregated structures. Examination of solvent effects indicates that the increased BT efficiencies are likely due to decreased contact with water. The changes in PL efficiencies are reversible, showing that the aggregates are dynamic and not kinetically constrained.
Polarization-Selective Computer-Generated Holograms for Optical Multistage Interconnection Networks (1993)

Computer-generated holograms (CGH) fabricated as phase-only optical elements have proven to be useful in implementing free space optical interconnections for parallel computing and communications.
Supplemental Figure Legends from BET Bromodomain Inhibitors Enhance Efficacy and Disrupt Resistance to AR Antagonists in the Treatment of Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure Legends&lt;/p&gt;
Mathematical modelling of lower leg responses in offset crashes (2003)

Abstract The lower leg responses in frontal offset crashes were investigated using mathematical models with a complex description of intrusion. The aim of this investigation was to study injury risks caused by various toepan intrusion parameters, such as magnitude, onset time and acceleration. Toepan rotation and the shape of the deformation were also investigated as a basis for defining principles for countermeasures. Mathematical models of a production car including the toepan and occupant were developed. As input to the modelling, feet and lower leg kinetics were filmed during a vehicle crash test. Parameters that influence lower leg responses were evaluated using a statistical experimental design. The results of the parameter studies show that both toepan acceleration and toepan rotation around the z-axis should be reduced to reduce lower leg responses. These changes should, however, be preceded by an investigation of the interaction effects among the parameters before design changes are made.
["Squalenoylation": a new approach to the design of anticancer and antiviral nanomedicines]. (2009)

Some nucleoside analogs display significant activity against malignancies (gemcitabine, cytarabine) or viruses (ddl, ddC, AZT) by interfering with DNA synthesis. However, their use is limited by their relatively poor intracellular diffusion, rapid metabolism and induction of resistance. We have discovered that linking nucleoside analogs to squalene produces amphiphilic molecules that self-organize in water as nanoassemblies of 100-300 nm, irrespective of the nucleoside analog used. Gemcitabine nanoassemblies exhibited far greater activity than free gemcitabine against both subcutaneously grafted solid tumors (L1210 and P388) and aggressive metastatic leukemia (leukemia L1210 wt, P388 and RNK-16 LGL). Likewise, squalenated ddI and ddC nanoassemblies were more efficient than free ddI and ddC against HIV-infected lymphocytes. It is of prime importance to unravel the supramolecular organization of these nanoassemblies. For example, it has been shown that squalenated gemcitabine nanoassemblies form inverted hexagonal phases.
Deep Supervision with Shape Concepts for Occlusion-Aware 3D Object Parsing (2016)

Monocular 3D object parsing is highly desirable in various scenarios including occlusion reasoning and holistic scene interpretation. We present a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture to localize semantic parts in 2D image and 3D space while inferring their visibility states, given a single RGB image. Our key insight is to exploit domain knowledge to regularize the network by deeply supervising its hidden layers, in order to sequentially infer intermediate concepts associated with the final task. To acquire training data in desired quantities with ground truth 3D shape and relevant concepts, we render 3D object CAD models to generate large-scale synthetic data and simulate challenging occlusion configurations between objects. We train the network only on synthetic data and demonstrate state-of-the-art performances on real image benchmarks including an extended version of KITTI, PASCAL VOC, PASCAL3D+ and IKEA for 2D and 3D keypoint localization and instance segmentation. The empirical results substantiate the utility of our deep supervision scheme by demonstrating effective transfer of knowledge from synthetic data to real images, resulting in less overfitting compared to standard end-to-end training.
Perfluoroheptane‐Loaded Hollow Gold Nanoshells Reduce Nanobubble Threshold Flux (2019)

The threshold flux for nanobubble formation and liposome rupture is reduced by 50-60% by adding a liquid mixture of tetradecanol and perfluoroheptane to the interior cavity of 40 nm diameter hollow gold nanoshells (HGN), and allowing the tetradecanol to solidify to hold the perfluoroheptane in place. On absorption of picosecond pulses of near-infrared light, the perfluoroheptane vaporizes to initiate cavitation-like nanobubbles as the HGN temperature increases. The lower spinodal temperature and heat capacity of perfluoroheptane relative to water causes the threshold flux for nanobubble formation to decrease. The perfluoroheptane-containing HGN can be linked via thiol-PEG-lipid tethers to carboxyfluorescein-containing liposomes and shows a similar decreased flux necessary for liposome contents release.
Descending-stair detection, approach, and traversal with an autonomous tracked vehicle (2010)

This paper presents a strategy for descending-stair detection, approach, and traversal using inertial sensing and a monocular camera mounted on an autonomous tracked vehicle. At the core of our algorithm are vision modules that exploit texture energy, optical flow, and scene geometry (lines) in order to robustly detect descending stairwells during both far- and near-approaches. As the robot navigates down the stairs, it estimates its three-degrees-of-freedom (d.o.f.) attitude by fusing rotational velocity measurements from an on-board tri-axial gyroscope with line observations of the stair edges detected by its camera. We employ a centering controller, derived based on a linearized dynamical model of our system, in order to steer the robot along safe trajectories. A real-time implementation of the described algorithm was developed for an iRobot Packbot, and results from real-world experiments are presented.
Progress in Modeling Compound Semiconductor Epitaxy: Unintentional Doping in GaN MOVPE (2021)

To improve the properties of semiconductors, it is necessary to construct an integrated crystal growth model that covers all elementary processes of metal–organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE). Although there are several theoretical models that can reproduce any elemental growth process, they are inadequate for controlling semiconductor epitaxy: the elementary processes of (1) the vapor phase reaction, (2) the surface reaction, and (3) incorporation are entangled with each other. That is, sequential analyses of elementary growth processes from upstream (1) to downstream (3) are indispensable for an understanding of the entire process of MOVPE. In this Review, the recent progress of theoretical models based on calculations from first-principles calculations are summarized. The possibility of predicting carbon concentrations in GaN grown by MOVPE are explored as an example. The results of calculations using a model that integrates (1) → (2) → (3) reproduce the experimental tendencies of carbon incorporation. Calculations show that the contribution of each elementary growth process to a change in carbon concentration can be discussed separately, but the relationship between the input parameters and the resulting outputs can only be determined through experiment. Although this examination explores a special case, the development of a precise integrated crystal growth model would greatly contribute to innovation in semiconductor manufacturing.
Chronic Heart Failure and Comorbid Renal Dysfunction - A Focus on Type 2 Cardiorenal Syndrome (2016)

The most important advancements in the Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) are its definition and subsequent classifications. When the predominant pathology and pathophysiology is the heart, i.e. chronic heart failure (CHF), and where any renal impairment (RI) subsequent to this is secondary, the classification is type 2 CRS. There are unique differences in the pathophysiology and progression of individual subclasses. It is important to understand the evolution of CHF and consequences of subsequent RI as they are becoming increasingly prevalent, aggravate morbidity and mortality and limit many therapeutic options. In this paper we discuss the significance of the type 2 CRS patients in the context of the thematic series.
Anomaly-Aware Federated Learning with Heterogeneous Data (2021)

Anomaly detection plays a critical role in ensuring the robustness and reliability of federated learning (FL) systems involving distributed implementation of stochastic gradient descent (SGD). Existing methods in the literature usually apply norm-based gradient filters in each iteration and eliminate possible outliers, which can be ineffective in a setting with heterogeneous and unbalanced training data. We propose a heuristic yet novel scheme for adjusting the weights in the gradient aggregation step that accounts for two anomaly metrics, namely the relative distance and the convergence measure. Simulation results show that our proposed scheme brings notable performance gain compared to norm-based policies when the agents have distinct data distributions.
ONU-Dependent Dispersion Pre-Compensation at OLT for High-Speed Wide-Coverage PON (2015)

We present the use of electronic dispersion pre-compensation at optical line terminals (OLTs) to increase the data rate as well as geographic coverage of passive optical networks (PONs). In time-division multiplexed PONs, the dispersion pre-compensation is made adaptive such that the signal blocks intended for different optical network units (ONUs) are compensated differently, based on the actual dispersions experienced by these signal blocks. We perform numerical simulations to show reach increase in 10-Gb/s PON based on on-off-keying (OOK), as well as data rate increase in 40-Gb/s PON based on high spectral efficiency formats such as pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM) and discrete multi-tone (DMT). All these formats are received by simple direct-detection (DD) receivers, aiming to keep the ONU cost-effective. Furthermore, we propose a novel optical transmitter design based on in-phase/quadrature (IQ) modulation in combination with a continuous wave branch to efficiently generate dispersion pre-compensated optical signals that are suitable for DD receivers.
Effective strategies for segmenting data into coherent subsets (2011)

Automatic segmentation of data into coherent subsets is impor-tant in applications as varied as signal processing, bioinformatics and pharmacology. Under this general framework, we investigate the prob-lem of data-driven reconstruction of an unknown, piecewise-constant density function and propose two methods to solve it; the first is di-rectly inspired by the segmentation approach, whereas the second uses a maximum likelihood approach. Motivated by a problem in pharma-cometrics, we then introduce a segmentation algorithm which fits into the same general framework and is used for automatically binning data for model assessment purposes.
Supplemental Materials and Methods and Supplementary Figures 1-3 from Discovery of a Small Molecule Targeting <i>IRA2</i> Deletion in Budding Yeast and Neurofibromin Loss in Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Materials and Methods Supplemental Figure 1 â€" Analysis of a UC1-like compound. Supplemental Figure 2 â€" Plasmid shuffle system for high-efficiency transformation of erg6Δira2 Δ yeast cells. Supplemental Figure 3 â€" Phenotypic screening of UC1-resistant colonies.&lt;/p&gt;