gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multi-Domain Information Fusion for Insider Threat Detection (2013)

Malicious insiders pose significant threats to information security, and yet the capability of detecting malicious insiders is very limited. Insider threat detection is known to be a difficult problem, presenting many research challenges. In this paper we report our effort on detecting malicious insiders from large amounts of work practice data. We propose novel approaches to detect two types of insider activities: (1) blend-in anomalies, where malicious insiders try to behave similar to a group they do not belong to, and (2) unusual change anomalies, where malicious insiders exhibit changes in their behavior that are dissimilar to their peers' behavioral changes. Our first contribution focuses on detecting blend-in malicious insiders. We propose a novel approach by examining various activity domains, and detecting behavioral inconsistencies across these domains. Our second contribution is a method for detecting insiders with unusual changes in behavior. The key strength of this proposed approach is that it avoids flagging common changes that can be mistakenly detected by typical temporal anomaly detection mechanisms. Our third contribution is a method that combines anomaly indicators from multiple sources of information.
Coiled‐Coil Gel Nanostructures of Oligo(p‐phenylenevinylene)s: Gelation‐Induced Helix Transition in a Higher‐Order Supramolecular Self‐Assembly of a Rigid π‐Conjugated System (2004)

Left-handed-helical nanoropes are formed from higher-order self-assemblies of chiral aggregates during the gelation of a rigid π-conjugated oligo(p-phenylenevinylene) with remote chiral handles (see picture; R=C12H25). The concentration- and temperature-dependent CD-signal changes observed for these assemblies are indicative of a helix transition. This process is reminiscent of the folding and unfolding of helical biological macromolecules. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2004/z53874_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Role of retinoic acid receptor in steatohepatitis‐related tumor formation (2007)

Retinoic acid (RA) appears to play an important role in the pathophysiology of liver disease. However, this role remains to be clarified in detail. To explore the role of RA in the liver, transgenic mice that express RA receptor (RAR) alpha-dominant negative form in hepatocytes under the control of albumin promoter and enhancer, were developed. At 4 months of age the RAR alpha- dominant negative form transgenic mice developed microvesicular steatosis and spotty focal necrosis. The enzymes that are involved in mitochondrial beta-oxidation of fatty acids, including very-long-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, long-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, and 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, were downregulated; in contrast, the enzymes that are involved in peroxisomal beta-oxidation, including acyl-CoA oxidase and bifunctional enzyme, were upregulated. Expression of cytochrome p4,504a10, cytochrome p4,504a12, and cytochrome p4,504a14 was increased, suggesting that omega-oxidation of fatty acids in microsomes was accelerated. In addition, formation of H(2)O(2) and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine was increased. After 12 months of age, these mice developed hepatocellular carcinomaand adenoma of the liver. The incidence of tumor formation increased with age. Expression of beta-catenin and cyclin D1 was enhanced and the TCF-4/beta-catenin complex was increased, whereas the RARalpha/beta-catenin complex was decreased. Feeding on a high-RA diet reversed histological and biochemical abnormalities and inhibited the occurrence of liver tumors. These results suggest that hepatic loss of RA function leads to the development of steatohepatitis and liver tumors. In conclusion, RA plays an important role in preventing hepatocarcinogenesis in association with fatty acid metabolism and Wnt signaling.
$^{13}$C NMR Study on Zero-Gap State in the Organic Conductor $\theta$-(BEDT-TTF)$_{2}$I$_{3}$ under Pressure (2010)

We present the results of our $^{13}$C NMR study of the quasi-two-dimensional organic conductor $\theta$-(BEDT-TTF)$_2$I$_{3}$ under pressure, which is suggested to be a zero-gap conductor by transport measurements. We found that NMR spin shift is proportional to $T$ and that spin-lattice relaxation rate follows the power law $T^{\alpha}$ ($\alpha =3 \sim 4$), where $T$ is the temperature. This behavior is consistent with the cone-like band dispersion and provides microscopic evidence for the realization of the zero-gap state in the present material under pressure.
Effect of α-α Diaspirin Crosslinked Hemoglobin (DCLHbTM) on the Potency of Sodium Nitroprusside and Nitroglycerine to Decrease Blood Pressure in Rats: A Dose-Response Study (2000)

The nitrovasodilators, sodium nitroprusside and nitroglycerine, effect a dose-dependent decrease in mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) by liberating nitric oxide. Alpha-alpha diaspirin crosslinked hemoglobin (DCLHb) is known to bind nitric oxide. We studied the effect of DCLHb on the potency of sodium nitroprusside (n=36) and nitroglycerine (n=36) to decrease MABP in rats which received 1, 10, 100, 1,000, or 10,000 mg/kg of the DCLHb, or normal saline as the Control. Six doses of sodium nitroprusside or nitroglycerine were given to each rat in a systematically varied sequence. For both drugs, in rats given 1, 10, or 100 mg/kg of DCLHb there were no between groups differences in the change in MABP compared to the Control group. For rats that received 1,000 or 10,000 mg/kg of DCLHb, the potency of nitroglycerine and sodium nitroprusside to decrease MABP was less (p<0.05) than the other groups. These data support the hypothesis that small doses of DCLHb effect a minimal change in the potency of nitrovasodilators to reduce blood pressure. However, they suggest that clinically relevant doses of DCLHb attenuate the vasodilatory ability of sodium nitroprusside and nitroglycerine.
A Sesquineolignan with a Spirodienone Structure from Pinus sylvestris L. (2007)

Barking up the right tree: The spirodienone sesquineolignan pinobatol (1), a long-time speculated monomeric unit of lignin, was isolated from the 70 % aqueous acetone extract of pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) bark. Its structure was determined by high-resolution electron ionization mass spectrometry and a variety of NMR spectroscopic techniques.
Ten‐Minute Protein Purification and Surface Tethering for Continuous‐Flow Biocatalysis (2017)

Nature applies enzymatic assembly lines to synthesize bioactive compounds. Inspired by such capabilities, we have developed a facile method for spatially segregating attached enzymes in a continuous-flow, vortex fluidic device (VFD). Fused His<sub>n</sub> -tags at the protein termini allow rapid bioconjugation and consequent purification through complexation with immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) resin. Six proteins were purified from complex cell lysates to average homogeneities of 76 %. The most challenging to purify, tobacco epi-aristolochene synthase, was purified in only ten minutes from cell lysate to near homogeneity (>90 %). Furthermore, this "reaction-ready" system demonstrated excellent stability during five days of continuous-flow processing. Towards multi-step transformations in continuous flow, proteins were arrayed as ordered zones on the reactor surface allowing segregation of catalysts. Ordering enzymes into zones opens up new opportunities for continuous-flow biosynthesis.
HIP Diet EXchange (DEX) (2020)

This document specifies the Host Identity Protocol Diet EXchange (HIP
DEX), a variant of the Host Identity Protocol Version 2 (HIPv2). The
HIP DEX protocol design aims at reducing the overhead of the employed
cryptographic primitives by omitting public-key signatures and hash
functions. In doing so, the main goal is to still deliver similar
security properties to HIPv2. The HIP DEX protocol is primarily
designed for computation or memory- constrained sensor/actuator
devices. Like HIPv2, it is expected to be used together with a
suitable security protocol such as the Encapsulated Security Payload
(ESP) for the protection of upper layer protocol data. In addition,
HIP DEX can also be used as a keying mechanism for security primitives
at the MAC layer, e.g., for IEEE 802.15.4 networks.
Synthesis/Sintering of Dense Carbides‐, Borides‐ and Perovskites‐Based Materials by SPS (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Experimental Materials and Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions
Thermodynamically Consistent Analytical Approach for Streamline Simulations of Multicomponent Hydrocarbon Reservoirs (2007)

Abstract One of the most challenging problems for reservoir simulation is the computation of a multicomponent flow of compressible fluids in porous media with mass exchange between phases. In this work, we consider a streamline method for two phase compressible multicomponent flows in hydrocarbon reservoirs. We prove, that even with standard PVT procedures performed at each time step at each spatial point, streamline technology maintain its better scaling ability than traditional finite difference/volume technologies. However, we went further and have treated the thermodynamics in terms of Koldoba &amp; Koldoba approach7. The model allows for receiving phase equilibrium curves and other thermodynamic functions in analytical form, thus it achieves the thermodynamic agreement of system and greatly reduces the required computing resources.
Visible photoluminescence from porous Si formed by annealing and chemically etching amorphous Si (1992)

We have studied the visible photoluminescence (PL) and microstructure of amorphous Si (a-Si) after annealing and etching. The a-Si layers were grown on (100)Si substrates and partially crystallized by annealing between 550–1150 °C. Porous Si layers (PSLs) were then produced by etching in HF-HNO3. While no visible PL was observed from unannealed and etched a-Si, visible PL was detected after annealing and etching. The observation of visible PL after etching coincided with the observation of Si microcrystallites in the annealed layer. The results suggest that an initial crystalline structure is important for fabricating luminescent PSLs.
A 400-MT/s 6.4-GB/s multiprocessor bus interface (2003)

This paper describes the design of a system bus interface for the 130-nm Itanium/sup /spl reg//2 processor that operates at 400MT/s (1 megatransfer = 1 Mb/s/pin) with a peak bandwidth of 6.4 GB/s. The high-speed operation is achieved by employing source-synchronous transfer with differential strobes. Short flight time is accomplished by double-sided placement of the processors. Preboost and postboost edge-rate control enables fast clock-to-output timing with tight edge-rate range. The built-in input/output (I/O) loopback test feature enables I/O parameters to be tested on die, using a delay-locked loop and interpolator with 21-ps phase-skew error and 15-ps rms jitter. Power modeling methodology facilitates accurate prediction of system performance.
Endoscopic management of retained patency capsules (2014)

A 58-year-old woman presented to the emergency room with pain at her ileostomy site for the previous 5 – 6 hours. She had had a colonic resection for "ulcerative colitis" 15 years earlier. A computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen demonstrated a foreign body in the ileostomy opening with proximal small-bowel obstruction ([Fig. 1]). She had ingested a patency capsule earlier that day before capsule enteroscopy for ongoing work-up of iron deficiency anemia. Ileoscopy showed a stricture in the terminal ileum ([Fig. 2]), which was dilated with 8 – 12-Fr through-the-scope balloons. An intact patency capsule proximal to the stricture was retrieved with a Roth Net retrieval device ( [Fig.3]). Ileitis was noted up to 15 – 20 cm cephalad from the ileostomy opening ([Fig. 4]). Active inflammation with granulation tissue was seen in ileal biopsies suggesting an inflammatory stricture.
Novel, Potent ORL-1 Receptor Agonist Peptides Containing α-Helix-Promoting Conformational Constraints (2002)

The ORL-1 receptor has recently been cloned and is implicated in a wide variety of physiological and pathophysiological processes. Toward the goal of elucidating important features of the receptor-bound conformation of the endogenous ligand, nociceptin (NC), several conformationally constrained analogues were prepared. Either alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib) or N-methylalanine (MeAla) were inserted as replacement(s) for Ala7, Ala11, or Ala15 in the native NC sequence (FGGFTGARKSARKLANQ). In vitro assays measuring human ORL-1 receptor affinity (competition binding against [3H] NC), functional potency ([35S]GTP gamma S), and efficacy (as compared to NC) were performed for each new peptide. The receptor affinities of the Aib-containing peptides generally matched NC, showing K(i)'s in the range of 0.1-0.5 nM. By comparison, the receptor affinities of the MeAla-containing peptides were significantly diminished. Peptide 14 (FGGFTG[Aib]RKS[Aib]RKLANQ-NH2), which contains two constrained alanine residues (positions 7 and 11) and a C-terminal amide modification, was found to be a very potent agonist with K(i) = 0.05 nM and EC50 = 0.08 nM in the human ORL-1 assays. The data support a hypothesis that the receptor-bound form of NC might adopt an amphipathic helix in the "address" segment of the sequence.
1A1-H14 Study of Impact Force Measurement on a Golf Club (2008)

We propose a method to detect the impact force which acts on a golf club head with strain sensors. This method is capable of measuring compression force and shear force and estimating the impact point. We made the large scale model for the impact measurement of a golf club and a ball. We also embedded in a golf club head two MEMS strain sensor units which size was 2 mm x 2 mm x 0.8 mm. This unit detected the strains of 10 kHz on impact in 0.4 ms. The result by the sensor was superior to that by a high speed camera in time resolution.
Augmented boost converter for near null-load transient response (2011)

This paper describes a dc-dc boost converter which shows near null load transient response. The boost converter is augmented with extra energy paths that sink or supply charge during load steps. The output voltage deviation and inductor current overshoot during load transients are substantially reduced or eliminated. A charge-balance based analysis is utilized in this paper to describe the control of the augmentation paths. This technique will allow an easy control of the augmentation branches and adds degrees of freedom for fast energy changes. This approach is discussed in context with other optimal regulation techniques such as minimum time control (a.k.a. time optimal control). Simulation results are shown in this paper for an augmented boost converter with a 5 V input and 12 V, 50 W output.
A Dual-Level Lane Departure Avoidance System Based on Differential Torque (2018)

This paper presents a lane departure avoidance system which exploits differential torque delivered to the four wheels as actuation. The system is designed to avoid unsafe lane change due to drowsiness (unintentional maneuver) or inattention (intentional maneuver) and is composed by two levels. A high-level supervisor controls closure of a lateral position control loop by means of a 4-conditions switching rule; a low-level controller is in charge of regulating the vehicle lateral position to the reference value. At first, a model of the system is derived, which describes the dynamics from the control input and steering angle, which acts as a disturbance, to the lateral position. Then, the supervisor is presented and the low-level controller is tuned within the H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">∞</sub> framework, with a gain-scheduling term that compensates for speed variations. Finally, the system is shown to be able to stabilize the system without applying excessive control action during typical intentional maneuvers and to keep the vehicle in lane during standard unintentional maneuvers with less than 0.35 m error, during straight highway driving.
Analog Multiband: Efficient Bandwidth Scaling for mm-Wave Communication (2016)

We investigate analog multiband as a means of scaling communication bandwidths over dispersive channels: the available band is channelized into contiguous subbands in the analog domain and digitized in parallel at the receiver. The subband width is chosen such that existing analog-to-digital converter (ADC) technology provides dynamic range sufficient to capture the effects of channel dispersion and interband interference. This avoids the difficulty of scaling high-precision ADCs to large bandwidths, while allowing the use of sophisticated digital signal processing (DSP) techniques for all transceiver operations except for channelization. In this paper, we address two fundamental bottlenecks associated with this concept. The first is channelization. A direct approach using a bank of mixers with independent frequency synthesizers is power-inefficient and subject to oscillator coupling, hence we explore an alternative approach based on polyphase sampling and sampled analog fast Fourier transform (FFT), along with appropriately designed baseband filters. The second is interference due to imperfect channelization (in the interest of bandwidth efficiency, we do not use guard bands) and imperfections in analog processing. We characterize the unique structure of this interference when OFDM is used over each subband, and show that linear adaptive interference suppression on the edge subcarriers suffices to provide robust performance. MultiGigabit/s millimeter (mm) wave communication is a key application driver for this work, hence we illustrate our ideas with performance evaluation using indoor channel models developed for the IEEE 802.11ad 60 GHz standard.
DNA damage-induced [Zn2+]i transients: correlation with cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in lymphoma cells (2002)

Reactive changes in free intracellular zinc cation concentration ([Zn(2+)](i)) were monitored, using the fluorescent probe Zinquin, in human lymphoma cells exposed to the DNA-damaging agent VP-16. Two-photon excitation microscopy showed that Zinquin-Zn(2+) forms complexes in cytoplasmic vesicles. [Zn(2+)](i) increased in both p53(wt) (wild type) and p53(mut) (mutant) cells after exposure to low drug doses. In p53(mut) cells noncompetent for DNA damage-induced apoptosis, elevated [Zn(2+)](i) was maintained at higher drug doses, unlike competent p53(wt) cells that showed a collapse of the transient before apoptosis. In p53(wt) cells, the [Zn(2+)](i) rise paralleled an increase in p53 and bax-to-bcl-2 ratio but preceded an increase in p21(WAF1), active cell cycle arrest in G(2), or nuclear fragmentation. Reducing [Zn(2+)](i), using N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine, caused rapid apoptosis in both p53(wt) and p53(mut) cells, although cotreatment with VP-16 exacerbated apoptosis only in p53(wt) cells. This may reflect changed thresholds for proapoptotic caspase-3 activation in competent cells. We conclude that the DNA damage-induced transient is p53-independent up to a damage threshold, beyond which competent cells reduce [Zn(2+)](i) before apoptosis. Early stress responses in p53(wt) cells take place in an environment of enhanced Zn(2+) availability.
Search for pair production of up-type vector-like quarks and for four-top-quark events in final states with multiple b-jets with the ATLAS detector (2018)

A bstract A search for pair production of up-type vector-like quarks ( T ) with a significant branching ratio into a top quark and either a Standard Model Higgs boson or a Z boson is presented. The same analysis is also used to search for four-top-quark production in several new physics scenarios. The search is based on a dataset of pp collisions at $$ \sqrt{s}=13 $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msqrt> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> </mml:msqrt> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>13</mml:mn> </mml:math> TeV recorded in 2015 and 2016 with the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 36.1 fb −1 . Data are analysed in the lepton+jets final state, characterised by an isolated electron or muon with high transverse momentum, large missing transverse momentum and multiple jets, as well as the jets + E T miss final state, characterised by multiple jets and large missing transverse momentum. The search exploits the high multiplicity of jets identified as originating from b -quarks, and the presence of boosted, hadronically decaying top quarks and Higgs bosons reconstructed as large-radius jets, characteristic of signal events. No significant excess above the Standard Model expectation is observed, and 95% CL upper limits are set on the production cross sections for the different signal processes considered. These cross-section limits are used to derive lower limits on the mass of a vector-like T quark under several branching ratio hypotheses assuming contributions from T → W b , Zt , Ht decays. The 95% CL observed lower limits on the T quark mass range between 0 . 99 TeV and 1 . 43 TeV for all possible values of the branching ratios into the three decay modes considered, significantly extending the reach beyond that of previous searches. Additionally, upper limits on anomalous four-top-quark production are set in the context of an effective field theory model, as well as in an universal extra dimensions model.
Re-Sourceful Networks: Notes from a Mobile Social Networking Platform in India (2012)

The paper analyzes SMSGupShup, a mobile-centric social networking platform in India. It focuses on a set of dominant users (young, male) who are redefining the nature of micro-blogging and the creation of mobile networking communities. Like many social networking sites, assembling, maintaining and growing social networks are primary behaviours on GupShup. Unlike many others, where maintaining a personalized profile and conversing with a networked community take prominence, users of GupShup show markedly different messaging or broadcasting practices. While captivated by the idea of connecting with people all over India for the first time through the GupShup platform, the primary motivation of users is not conversation, forging a “second life” or building interest groups, but optimizing the networking service to expand one’s own group membership. From a qualitative study of user profiles, the paper demonstrates how GupShup can inform thinking about facets of mobile communities in developing countries: specifically, changing ideas about the networking platform as a “second social life” to one of a pecuniary “resource.”