gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterizing the transient response of knee cartilage to running: Decreases in cartilage T2 of female recreational runners (2021)

Cartilage transmits and redistributes biomechanical loads in the knee joint during exercise. Exercise-induced loading alters cartilage hydration and is detectable using quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), where T<sub>2</sub> relaxation time (T<sub>2</sub> ) is influenced by cartilage collagen composition, fiber orientation, and changes in the extracellular matrix. This study characterized short-term transient responses of healthy knee cartilage to running-induced loading using bilateral scans and image registration. Eleven healthy female recreational runners (33.73 ± 4.22 years) and four healthy female controls (27.25 ± 1.38 years) were scanned on a 3T GE MRI scanner with quantitative 3D double-echo in steady-state before running over-ground (runner group) or resting (control group) for 40 min. Subjects were scanned immediately post-activity at 5-min intervals for 60 min. T<sub>2</sub> times were calculated for femoral, tibial, and patellar cartilage at each time point and analyzed using a mixed-effects model and Bonferroni post hoc. There were immediate decreases in T<sub>2</sub> (mean ± SEM) post-run in superficial femoral cartilage of at least 3.3% ± 0.3% (p = .002) between baseline and Time 0 that remained for 25 min, a decrease in superficial tibial cartilage T<sub>2</sub> of 2.9% ± 0.4% (p = .041) between baseline and Time 0, and a decrease in superficial patellar cartilage T<sub>2</sub> of 3.6% ± 0.3% (p = .020) 15 min post-run. There were decreases in the medial posterior region of superficial femoral cartilage T<sub>2</sub> of at least 5.3 ± 0.2% (p = .022) within 5 min post-run that remained at 60 min post-run. These results increase understanding of transient responses of healthy cartilage to repetitive, exercise-induced loading and establish preliminary recommendations for future definitive studies of cartilage response to running.
A neighborhood-blocks motion estimation technique using the pyramidal data structure (2002)

In this paper, a pyramidal motion estimation technique that makes use of the motion correlation within a pyramidal level is proposed. Instead of scaling the motion vectors from the adjacent lower pyramidal level as motion predictions as is done in the conventional technique, in the proposed technique, the motion vectors from the neighboring motion blocks are taken into consideration as possible candidates. Each of these candidate motion vectors is used for prediction and refined. The motion vector that has the least matching distortion is chosen as the final motion vector. Compared to the conventional pyramidal motion estimation technique, the proposed method effectively overcomes the problem of propagation of false motion vectors. Simulation studies show that a substantial performance improvement is achieved, both in terms of the prediction mean square error and the number of coding bits for the motion vectors.
Using the Dynamic Behavior of Superimposed Fields for Point-Field-Based Current Sensing (2008)

The dynamic behavior of magnetic fields surrounding adjacent current-carrying conductors is investigated for the purpose of point-field-based current sensing. The influence of eddy currents on magnetic field distribution over the useful spectrum (dc to 1 MHz) is quantified by using a spatially dependent metric, the 5% flat bandwidth (FBW). A comparison of field distributions at DC and 1 MHz shows the origin of the FBW function, which is unique to each conductor's cross section and nearby environment. The FBW fields for several different conductor geometries are analyzed. Superposition is used for conductor geometries that have multiple currents. A method for determining optimal field detector placement using optimization functions is introduced.
Vaccination of Animals (2003)

Abstract Various approaches can be employed to improve animal health through vaccination. Due to the unique management situation faced by different species, each have their own problems associated with vaccine delivery.
Genetically detoxified pertussis toxin (PT-9K/129G): implications for immunization and vaccines (2014)

Pertussis toxin (PT) is one of the major virulence factors of Bordetella pertussis and the primary component of all pertussis vaccines available to date. Because of its various noxious effects the toxin needs to be detoxified. In all currently available vaccines, detoxification is achieved by treatment with high quantity of chemical agents such as formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde or hydrogen peroxide. Although effective in detoxification, this chemical treatment alters dramatically the immunological properties of the toxin. In contrast, PT genetically detoxified through the substitution of two residues necessary for its enzymatic activity maintains all functional and immunological properties. This review describes in detail the characteristics of this PT-9K/129G mutant and shows that it is non-toxic and a superior immunogen compared with chemically detoxified PT. Importantly, data from an efficacy trial show that the PT-9K/129G-based vaccine induces earlier and longer-lasting protection, further supporting the hypothesis that PT-9K/129G represents an ideal candidate for future pertussis vaccine formulations.
Two-dimensional analysis of self-sustained pulsation for narrow-stripe AlGaAs lasers (1995)

Self-sustained pulsation in narrow stripe geometry AlGaAs laser diodes is investigated numerically and experimentally. By taking account of the time-dependent two-dimensional optical field, carrier spreading in the cladding layers, and multilongitudinal modes, we succeeded in clarifying the mechanism for the pulsation. Fluctuation of the optical field plays an important role in forming saturable absorption. The numerical analysis clearly shows that our newly proposed real refractive index-guided structure is very suitable for a pulsation laser in which the optical field distribution and current spreading can be independently controlled. Furthermore, me show that the new structure gives much lower threshold current than that of a conventional loss-guided structure. These predicted advantages of the real refractive index-guided structure are verified experimentally with good agreement.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Stable Suspension and Dispersion-Induced Transitions from Repulsive Casimir Forces Between Fluid-Separated Eccentric Cylinders (2008)

We numerically demonstrate a stable mechanical suspension of a silica cylinder within a metallic cylinder separated by ethanol, via a repulsive Casimir force between the silica and the metal. We investigate cylinders with both circular and square cross sections, and show that the latter exhibit a stable orientation as well as a stable position, via a method to compute Casimir torques for finite objects. Furthermore, the stable orientation of the square cylinder undergoes a 45 degrees transition as the separation length scale is varied, which is explained as a consequence of material dispersion.
Prospective stereotaxy: A novel method of trajectory alignment using real‐time image guidance (2001)

Prospective stereotaxy is applicable to all cross-sectional imaging, and is particularly useful for MR- and CT-guided interventions. The method is simple, reproducible, and accurate in surgical targeting for neurobiopsy and electrode placement. It does not require cumbersome stereotactic frames or expensive optical detectors, and it offers immediate entry into the field of interventional MR with cylindrical MR scanners.
Semantic Explanations of Predictions (2018)

The main objective of explanations is to transmit knowledge to humans. This work proposes to construct informative explanations for predictions made from machine learning models. Motivated by the observations from social sciences, our approach selects data points from the training sample that exhibit special characteristics crucial for explanation, for instance, ones contrastive to the classification prediction and ones representative of the models. Subsequently, semantic concepts are derived from the selected data points through the use of domain ontologies. These concepts are filtered and ranked to produce informative explanations that improves human understanding. The main features of our approach are that (1) knowledge about explanations is captured in the form of ontological concepts, (2) explanations include contrastive evidences in addition to normal evidences, and (3) explanations are user relevant.
Development of Interdigitated Back Contact Silicon Heterojunction (IBC Si-HJ) Solar Cells (2011)

This study deals with the development and optimization of Interdigitated Back Contact (IBC) Silicon Heterojunction (Si-HJ) solar cells based on n-type crystalline silicon (c-Si) substrates. Both one-dimensional (1D) and 2D aspects of IBC Si-HJ cells are explored in this work. Rear Emitter (RE) Si-HJ cells are fabricated to study the influence of the emitter stack on 1D resistive losses. It is shown that the rear emitter stack has to be carefully designed to maintain a high surface passivation level without inducing series resistance (RSeries). On IBC Si-HJ structures, the influence of 2D features such as emitter contact fraction are confirmed both experimentally and by modeling. Using the screen printing technology, 25 cm2 IBC Si-HJ structures have been fabricated with an efficiency of 15.7%.
ChemInform Abstract: Methods of Ion Generation (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
In-Situ Polarization-Dependent Total-Reflection Fluorescence XAFS Studies on the Structure Transformation of Pt Clusters on α-Al2O3(0001) (1997)

Structures of Pt species derived from Pt4(μ-CH3COO)8 on an α-Al2O3(0001) single-crystal surface were studied by means of in-situ polarization-dependent total reflection fluorescence XAFS (EXAFS and XANES) techniques. The Pt4 cluster framework was destroyed upon the deposition of Pt4(μ-CH3COO)8 by the reaction on the α-Al2O3 surface at room temperature. The isolated Pt species were converted to one-atomic layer thick Pt rafts with the Pt−Pt distance of 0.273 nm when the cluster was treated with H2 at 373 K. The raftlike Pt clusters were stabilized by the formation of direct Pt−O−Al bonding with the α-Al2O3 surface. The raftlike Pt clusters were redispersed to isolated oxidized Pt species by the reaction with NO. They were also transferred to three-dimensional Pt particles by reduction with H2 at 773 K.
ChemInform Abstract: Inverse Electron Demand Diels—Alder (iEDDA)‐Initiated Conjugation: A (High) Potential Click Chemistry Scheme (2013)

Abstract Review: 49 refs.
Employing wavelet-based texture features in ammunition classification (2017)

Pattern recognition, a branch of machine learning, involves classification of information in images, sounds, and other digital representations. This paper uses pattern recognition to identify which kind of ammunition was used when a bullet was fired based on a carefully constructed set of gunshot sound recordings. To do this task, we show that texture features obtained from the wavelet transform of a component of the gunshot signal, treated as an image, and quantized in gray levels, are good ammunition discriminators. We test the technique with eight different calibers and achieve a classification rate better than 95%. We also compare the performance of the proposed method with results obtained by standard temporal and spectrographic techniques
Leptin-specific patterns of gene expression in white adipose tissue (2000)

Leptin is a hormone that regulates body weight by decreasing food intake and increasing energy expenditure. ob/ob mice carry leptin mutations and are obese and hyperphagic. Leptin administration to lean and ob/ob mice activates a novel metabolic program that depletes adipose tissue. Although this response is physiologically distinct from that evident after food restriction, the molecular nature of these differences is as yet unknown. Expression monitoring of 6500 genes using oligonucleotide microarrays in wild-type, ob/ob, and transgenic mice expressing low levels of leptin revealed that differences in ambient leptin levels have dramatic effects on the phenotype of white adipose tissue. These data identified a large number of genes that are differentially expressed in ob/ob mice. To delineate the components of the transcriptional program specifically affected by leptin, the level of the same 6500 genes was monitored in wild-type and ob/ob mice at various times after leptin treatment or food restriction. A novel application of k-means clustering identified 8 clusters of adipose tissue genes whose expression was different between leptin treatment and food restriction in ob/ob mice and 10 such clusters in wild-type experiments. One of the clusters was repressed specifically by leptin in both wild-type and ob/ob mice and included several genes known to be regulated by SREBP-1/ADD1. Further studies confirmed that leptin decreases the levels of SREBP-1/ADD1 RNA and transcriptionally active SREBP-1/ADD1 protein in white adipose tissue. Future studies of the molecular basis for the apparent coordinate regulation of the other clusters of leptin-regulated genes may reveal additional mechanisms by which leptin exerts its weight-reducing effects.
Material Development Strategy of Lightweight Solid Oxide Fuel Cells for Airplane System Electrification (2019)

In this study, first, power densities by using SOFC system for APU of regional jets were estimated based on metal supported SOFC system and compared with those in gas turbine APU. As the second, based on the results of power density analysis in the SOFC system, all materials making up the cell stacks are examined and developed for the weight reduction. Such material development strategy is the first trial without precedent in SOFC development history.
List decoding of the first-order binary Reed-Muller codes (2007)

A list decoding algorithm is designed for the first-order binary Reed-Muller codes of length n that reconstructs all codewords located within the ball of radius n/2(1 − ɛ) about the received vector and has the complexity of O(n ln2(min{ɛ −2, n})) binary operations.
Measuring the performance impact of permanent faults in modern microprocessor architectures (2013)

Large silicon parts of modern microprocessors are dedicated to components that increase performance but don't determine functional correctness. Permanent hardware faults in such components lead to performance fluctuation (not necessarily degradation) but do not produce functional errors. This fact has been identified previously but neither an accurate classification of the behavior of permanent faults in these components over a set of CPU benchmarks nor detailed measurements of the magnitude of their performance impact has been reported. Depending on such measurements the performance-related components of microprocessors can be disabled in fine or coarse granularities, salvaging the microprocessor functionality although at different performance levels. In this paper, we describe a comprehensive framework for the analysis of the impact of permanent faults in the arrays and the control logic of key performance components. We apply a statistically safe, fault injection campaign to the performance components on a modified version of the cycle accurate x86-based architectural simulator PTLsim running the SPEC2006 benchmarks suite. Our evaluation reveals the differences in the effect of faults and their performance impact across the components as well as within each component. We summarize the fault effect classification and further analyze the performance impact (IPC) of faults in their arrays and control parts.
Production and transplantation of bioengineered lung into a large-animal model (2018)

The inability to produce perfusable microvasculature networks capable of supporting tissue survival and of withstanding physiological pressures without leakage is a fundamental problem facing the field of tissue engineering. Microvasculature is critically important for production of bioengineered lung (BEL), which requires systemic circulation to support tissue survival and coordination of circulatory and respiratory systems to ensure proper gas exchange. To advance our understanding of vascularization after bioengineered organ transplantation, we produced and transplanted BEL without creation of a pulmonary artery anastomosis in a porcine model. A single pneumonectomy, performed 1 month before BEL implantation, provided the source of autologous cells used to bioengineer the organ on an acellular lung scaffold. During 30 days of bioreactor culture, we facilitated systemic vessel development using growth factor-loaded microparticles. We evaluated recipient survival, autograft (BEL) vascular and parenchymal tissue development, graft rejection, and microbiome reestablishment in autografted animals 10 hours, 2 weeks, 1 month, and 2 months after transplant. BEL became well vascularized as early as 2 weeks after transplant, and formation of alveolar tissue was observed in all animals (<i>n</i> = 4). There was no indication of transplant rejection. BEL continued to develop after transplant and did not require addition of exogenous growth factors to drive cell proliferation or lung and vascular tissue development. The sterile BEL was seeded and colonized by the bacterial community of the native lung.
Flavin Mononucleotide-Dependent l-Lactate Dehydrogenases: Expanding the Toolbox of Enzymes for l-Lactate Biosensors (2022)

The development of L-lactate biosensors has been hampered in recent years by the lack of availability and knowledge about a wider range and diversity of L-lactate-oxidizing enzymes that can be used as bioelements in these sensors. For decades, L-lactate oxidase of <i>Aerococcus viridans</i> (<i>Av</i>LOx) has been used almost exclusively in the field of L-lactate biosensor development and has achieved somewhat like a monopoly status as a biocatalyst for these applications. Studies on other L-lactate-oxidizing enzymes are sparse and are often missing biochemical data. In this work, we made use of the vast amount of sequence information that is currently available on protein databases to investigate the naturally occurring diversity of L-lactate-utilizing enzymes of the flavin mononucleotide (FMN)-dependent α-hydroxy acid oxidoreductase (HAOx) family. We identified the HAOx sequence space specific for L-lactate oxidation and additionally discovered a not-yet described class of soluble and FMN-dependent L-lactate dehydrogenases, which are promising for the construction of second-generation biosensors or other biotechnological applications. Our work paves the way for new studies on α-hydroxy acid biosensors and proves that there is more to the HAOx family than <i>Av</i>LOx.
Multiple Modifications Allow High-Titer Production of Retroviral Vectors Carrying Heterologous Regulatory Elements (2004)

Tumor-specific expression of therapeutic genes is a prerequisite in many approaches to retrovirus-mediated cancer gene therapy. However, tissue specificity is often associated with a reduction in viral titer. To overcome this problem, we constructed a series of murine leukemia virus (MLV)-based retroviral promoter conversion (ProCon) vectors carrying either the simian virus 40 poly(A) signal trimer (3pA) inserted in the 3' long terminal repeat (LTR) of these vectors or the human cytomegalovirus enhancer region (CMVe) inserted 5' and 3' of the retroviral LTRs. Furthermore, an extended AT stretch/attachment site (AT/att) of wild-type MLV was introduced into the vector. In the vector-producing cells, insertion of the CMVe and/or the 3pA resulted in a three- to fourfold-enhanced marker gene expression compared to the parental vector, whereas insertion of the AT/att gave a slight decrease in expression. The combination of all three modifications had no additional effects. In contrast, however, neomycin selection of infected cells revealed only a slight increase in virus titer with vectors carrying the 3pA modification; the titer was increased by 1 with vectors containing the extended AT/att, although the viral DNA copy numbers in infected cells were similar with both types of vectors. Thus, insufficient integration rather than insufficient reverse transcription and/or production of virus RNA is the major cause for the low titer obtained with the ProCon vectors. The combination of all three modifications resulted in a 2- to 3-log increase in the virus titer. These modifications result in expression targeted ProCon vectors with titers similar to those of nonmodified MLV-based vectors.
Empirical Proton Pump Inhibitor Therapy in Children (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery journal
Studies on the preservation of human blood. II. The relationship of erythrocyte adenosine triphosphate levels and other in vitro measures to red cell storageability. (1967)

Abstract In a study involving 37 subjects, whole blood was stored at 4 °C. for 21 and 28 days in either ACD or CPD anticoagulant, following which, the in vivo viability of the stored red cells was measured. There was a high degree of correlation (R = 0.95) between the postinfusion viability of stored cells and poststorage adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels. This indicates the potential use of ATP determinations to predict in vivo red cell viability after in vitro storage. In contract, the correlation between prestorage ATP levels and poststorage R.B.C. viability was not great enough to be of predictive value. Of ten other biochemical and hematological measures, only poststorage osmotic fragility was moderately correlated with poststorage red cell viability.