gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nanofabrication of plasmonic structures on insulating substrates by resist-on-metal bilayer lift-off (2018)

In last few decades, micro- and nano-fabrication techniques based on photolithography and electron beam lithography have advanced greatly, mainly in the field of semiconductor fabrication. Such techniques are generally transferrable to the fabrication of plasmonic structures and metamaterials. However, plasmonic devices often require a transparent insulating substrate to be operational at visible or near-infrared wavelengths. Here we report a resist-on-metal bilayer lift-off technique enabling the fabrication of plasmonic structures on insulating substrates. The metal layer under the resist eliminates major difficulties in lithography, such as charging during electron beam exposure and uncontrolled diffuse optical scattering during photolithography. In addition, the resist-on-metal bilayer can be migrated to different substrates with minimal process alteration, because the material properties of the substrate, such as secondary electron emission or optical reflectance, become irrelevant due to the shielding provided by the metal layer. As demonstrations, we fabricate large-scale plasmonic waveguides and Bragg gratings, adiabatically-modulated plasmonic waveguide couplers, and plasmonic nanoantenna arrays using the resist-on-metal bilayer lift-off process. The process can also be used to define structures formed of other materials such as dielectrics.
Effect of Size and Heterogeneity of Samples on Biomarker Discovery: Synthetic and Real Data Assessment (2012)

The simulated data allowed us to outline advantages and drawbacks of different methods across multiple studies and varying number of samples and to evaluate precision of feature selection on a benchmark with known biomarkers. Although comparable classification accuracy was reached by different methods, the use of external cross-validation loops is helpful in finding features with a higher degree of precision and stability. Application to real data confirmed these results.
Human-Aware Object Placement for Visual Environment Reconstruction (2022)

Humans are in constant contact with the world as they move through it and interact with it. This contact is a vital source of information for understanding 3D humans, 3D scenes, and the interactions between them. In fact, we demonstrate that these human-scene interactions (HSIs) can be leveraged to improve the 3D reconstruction of a scene from a monocular RGB video. Our key idea is that, as a person moves through a scene and interacts with it, we accumulate HSIs across multiple input images, and use these in optimizing the 3D scene to reconstruct a consistent, physically plausible, 3D scene layout. Our optimization-based approach exploits three types of HSI constraints: (1) humans who move in a scene are occluded by, or occlude, objects, thus constraining the depth ordering of the objects, (2) humans move throughfree space and do not interpenetrate objects, (3) when humans and objects are in contact, the contact surfaces occupy the same place in space. Using these constraints in an optimization formulation across all observations, we significantly improve 3D scene layout reconstruction. Furthermore, we show that our scene reconstruction can be used to refine the initial 3D human pose and shape (HPS) estimation. We evaluate the 3D scene layout reconstruction and HPS estimates qualitatively and quantitatively using the PROX and PiGraphs datasets. The code and data are available for research purposes at https://mover.is.tue.mpg.de.
Evaluation of ESD characteristics for 65 nm SOI technology (2006)

With aggressive scaling and continuous drive for higher performance requirements, electrostatic discharge is becoming a major reliability challenge for advanced integrated circuits. Products must be designed with proper ESD protection circuits to provide adequate robustness and as the limits of the device capability are reached, factors like device reliability due to ESD sensitivity became more critical. In this paper, the ESD characteristics of I/O elements in 65nm SOI technology are thoroughly evaluated. With an appropriate design implementation using these discrete elements, industry standard ESD robustness can be achieved.
High-density and Low-cost 10-Gbps x 12ch Optical Modules for High-end Optical Interconnect Applications (2008)

We demonstrated 10-Gbps/ch operation of high-density and low-cost 12-channel optical modules. High-Δ bent fiber connector is butt-coupled with OE-substrate. Fabricated module is as small as 10 mm x 10 mm footprint with thickness of 6 mm.
CERMINE: CERMINE 1.5 (2015)

Content ExtRactor and MINEr
Improved photocatalytic activity of SnO2-TiO2 nanocomposite thin films prepared by low-temperature sol-gel method (2021)

The objective of this research was to investigate how the photocatalytic activity of pure TiO2 can be improved by SnO2 modification. Different molar ratios of tin to titanium were prepared. The correlation between tin concentration and structural properties was investigated to explain the mechanism of photocatalytic efficiency and to optimize the synthesis conditions to obtain enhanced activity of the SnO2-modified TiO2 photocatalysts under UV-irradiation. The SnO2-modified TiO2 photocatalysts were prepared by a low-temperature sol-gel method based on organic tin and titanium precursors. The precursors underwent sol-gel reactions separately to form SnO2-TiO2 sol. The sol-gels were deposited on a glass substrate by a dip-coating technique and dried at 150 °C to obtain the photocatalysts in the form of a thin film. To test the thermal stability of the material, an additional set of photocatalysts was prepared by calcining the dried samples in air at 500 °C. The photocatalytic activity of the samples was determined by measuring the degradation rate of an azo dye. An increase of up to 30% in the photocatalytic activity of the air-dried samples was obtained when the TiO2 was modified with the SnO2 in a concentration range of 0.1–1 mol.%. At higher SnO2 loadings, the photocatalytic activity of the photocatalyst was reduced compared to the unmodified TiO2. The calcined samples showed an overall reduced photocatalytic activity compared to the air-dried samples. Various characterization techniques (UV-Vis, XRD, N2-physisorption, TEM, EDX, SEM, XAS and photoelectrochemical characterization) were used to explain the mechanism for the enhanced and hindered photocatalytic performances of the SnO2-modified TiO2 photocatalysts. The results showed that the nanocrystalline cassiterite SnO2 is attached to the TiO2 nanocrystallites through the Sn-O-Ti bonds. In this way, the coupling of two semiconductors, SnO2 and TiO2, was demonstrated. Compared to single-phase photocatalysts, the coupling of semiconductors has a beneficial effect on the separation of charge carriers, which prolongs their lifetime for accessibility to participate in the redox reactions. The maximum increase in activity of the thin films was achieved in the low concentration range (0.1–1 mol.%), which means that an optimal ratio and contact of the two phases is achieved for the given physical parameters such as particle size, shape and specific surface area of the catalyst.
P640: PIRTOBRUTINIB, A HIGHLY SELECTIVE, NON-COVALENT (REVERSIBLE) BTK INHIBITOR IN COMBINATION WITH VENETOCLAX±RITUXIMAB IN RELAPSED/REFRACTORY CLL: RESULTS FROM THE BRUIN PHASE 1B STUDY (2022)

Background: Covalent Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors (BTKi) have transformed the management of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), but patients (pts) discontinue these agents due to resistance or intolerance. Pirtobrutinib is an oral, highly selective, non-covalent (reversible) BTKi with promising efficacy and safety in heavily pretreated relapsed/refractory (R/R) CLL pts, regardless of BTK C481 mutation status. Recent clinical studies reported on the safety and efficacy of time-limited venetoclax and covalent BTKi combination regimens. Aims: We evaluated the safety and efficacy of pirtobrutinib combined with venetoclax ± rituximab in pts with R/R CLL. Methods: BRUIN is a phase 1/2 global, multicenter study (NCT03740529) of pirtobrutinib in pts with advanced B-cell malignancies. The phase 1b portion evaluated the safety of pirtobrutinib at a continuous dose of 200 mg QD from Cycle 1, Day 1 plus venetoclax starting on Cycle 2, Day 1 with a standard 5-week dose ramp to 400 mg QD (PV) and PV plus rituximab at 375 mg/m2 on Cycle 1, Day 1, then 500 mg/m2 on Day 1 of Cycles 2-6 (PVR). Prior BTKi was allowed; prior venetoclax was not permitted. Objectives included safety and overall response rate (ORR) of each combination. Results: As of 27 SEP 2021, 15 pts received PV and 10 pts received PVR. Median age was 66 years (range, 39-78). Median prior lines of therapy was 2 (range, 1-4). The majority of pts in both cohorts had received prior chemotherapy (56%, n=14), CD20 monoclonal antibody (72%, n=18), and/or covalent BTKi (68%, n=17). No dose-limiting toxicities were reported. Safety profiles were generally similar across both cohorts. The most common treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAE) of any grade, regardless of attribution, were neutrophil count decrease (36%), nausea (32%), fatigue (32%), diarrhea (28%), and constipation (24%). The only Grade ≥3 TEAE to occur in more than 2 pts was neutrophil count decrease (36%, n=9). One pt experienced Grade 4 clinical tumor lysis syndrome with resultant acute kidney injury during venetoclax dose escalation, which resolved with supportive measures. No pts discontinued treatment due to AEs. For the 22 pts with efficacy data available as of 03 NOV 2021, median duration of follow-up was 9 months (range, 3.9-15) and the ORR was 95.5% (95% CI, 77-100). All responding pts except 1 remain on therapy (PVR responder discontinued due to death unrelated to study treatment). As all responses were ongoing and early, and MRD analysis was not yet performed. Summary/Conclusion: Pirtobrutinib combined with venetoclax ± rituximab was well tolerated and had a safety profile consistent with known drug class findings and no clear additive toxicities in pts with R/R CLL. Early results demonstrate promising efficacy with combination therapy.
Efficacy of BIBF 1120 in patients with IPF is dose-dependent: Results from the TOMORROW trial (2011)

Background: BIBF 1120 is an inhibitor of tyrosine kinase receptors involved in lung fibrosis progression. Methods: The TOMORROW trial was a 12-month, placebo (PBO)-controlled study to investigate efficacy and safety of BIBF 1120 (50 mg, 100 mg, 200 mg, 300 mg per day) in IPF (∼85 pts per group). Annual rate of decline in forced vital capacity (FVC) was measured. Results: FVC decline decreased from 0.17 L/year (50 mg) to -0.06 L/year (300 mg) vs 0.19 L/year in PBO (300 mg vs PBO: p=0.014; closed-testing multiplicity-corrected: p=0.064). Absolute changes from baseline in% pred FVC were -6.00, -4.58, -4.90, -3.15 and -1.04% in PBO and rising dose groups (200 mg: p=0.031; 300 mg: p=0.0002). Absolute difference of% change in SpO2 was superior vs PBO by 0.44, 0.33, 1.36 and 1.12% for rising doses (200 mg: p=0.005; 300 mg: p=0.021). Incidence of acute exacerbations fell with dose (15.67, 13.03, 12.46, 7.46 and 2.44 per 100 patient years for PBO and rising doses). Gastrointestinal adverse events (AEs) increased with dose (31.8%, 38.4%, 36.0%, 57.0% and 74.1% in PBO and rising doses). AEs leading to discontinuation occurred in 25.9%, 23.3%, 16.3%, 14.0% and 30.6% of pts in PBO and rising dose groups. Fatal AEs (on-treatment) fell with dose (12, 10, 4, 5 and 1 pts for PBO and rising doses). Conclusion: Treatment of IPF with BIBF 1120 reduced decline in lung function and incidence of acute exacerbations in a dose-dependent way.
Kinematic Alignment Technique for Total Hip Arthroplasty (2020)

The concept was developed as a consequence of the increasing awareness that dynamic function is, in addition to improved arthroplasty materials and component positioning, a significant factor in total hip arthroplasty stability and lifespan [1–4].
Hypoxia and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) downregulate antigen-presenting MHC class I molecules limiting tumor cell recognition by T cells (2017)

Human cancers are known to downregulate Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class I expression thereby escaping recognition and rejection by anti-tumor T cells. Here we report that oxygen tension in the tumor microenvironment (TME) serves as an extrinsic cue that regulates antigen presentation by MHC class I molecules. In support of this view, hypoxia is shown to negatively regulate MHC expression in a HIF-dependent manner as evidenced by (i) lower MHC expression in the hypoxic TME in vivo and in hypoxic 3-dimensional (3D) but not 2-dimensional (2D) tumor cell cultures in vitro; (ii) decreased MHC in human renal cell carcinomas with constitutive expression of HIF due to genetic loss of von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) function as compared with isogenically paired cells with restored VHL function, and iii) increased MHC in tumor cells with siRNA-mediated knockdown of HIF. In addition, hypoxia downregulated antigen presenting proteins like TAP 1/2 and LMP7 that are known to have a dominant role in surface display of peptide-MHC complexes. Corroborating oxygen-dependent regulation of MHC antigen presentation, hyperoxia (60% oxygen) transcriptionally upregulated MHC expression and increased levels of TAP2, LMP2 and 7. In conclusion, this study reveals a novel mechanism by which intra-tumoral hypoxia and HIF can potentiate immune escape. It also suggests the use of hyperoxia to improve tumor cell-based cancer vaccines and for mining novel immune epitopes. Furthermore, this study highlights the advantage of 3D cell cultures in reproducing hypoxia-dependent changes observed in the TME.
Ethanol and Contraction of Venous Smooth Muscle (1976)

Low concentrations of ethanol (17 mM) inhibited development of spontaneous mechanical activity (vasomotion) in isolated rat portal veins. Low concentrations of ethanol potentiated, however, contractions induced by epinephrine, but not those induced by angiotensin or potassium. Higher concentrations of ethanol, such as those associated with surgical anesthesia (100-170 mM), resulted in almost complete suppression of spontaneous contratile responses. These higher concentrations of ethanol: a) attenuate contractions induced by epinephrine, angiotensin, and potassium (K+); b) cause noncompetitive displacement of the dose-response curves of these vasoactive compounds; c) attenuate calcium (Ca++)-induced contractions of K+-depolarized portal veins; d) relax drug-induced, as well as Ca++-induced, contractions of portal veins. The profound depressant actions of ethanol are not mimicked by alpha-adrenergic, histaminergic, cholinergic, or serotonergic blocking drugs, nor are they attributable to actions on beta-adrenergic receptors. The direct vasodepressant actions of ethanol on isolated venous smooth muscle may play a significant role in alcohol-induced peripheral vasodiatation seen in man and animals.
MEMS devices for detecting the presence of explosive material residues in mine fields (1998)

We report on the development of MEMS devices for detecting explosive particles associated with anti-personnel mines. Because of the affinity of explosive substances for surfaces and owing to the high partition coefficients of explosives in soils relative to water and air, we employ remote stimulation of the soil's surface with a high intensity, focused air ultrasonic beam whose energy can megasonically clean the target area of particles above a designed-for size. We have fabricated a MEMS electrostatic transducer to test the concept. Nanogram particle detection will occur by collecting particles on an array of temperature sensitive MEMS sensors and irradiating the particles with 3 - 5 micrometer wavelength infrared light. Explosive particles will selectively absorb the infrared energy at approximately 1600 cm<SUP>-1</SUP>, decompose, and give off heat which can be detected. Prototype explosive detectors have been fabricated which do not absorb energy in the peak absorption bands of the explosives, thus allowing for selective particle heating without heating the sensor device itself.
Joystick text entry with date stamp, selection keyboard, and EdgeWrite (2004)

MOTIVATION Mobile phones and game consoles are two domains in which a good joystick text entry method would be valuable, since these devices lack conventional keyboards. Joysticks have considerable tenure as input devices, but few text entry methods have been developed for them. Common joystick text entry methods, like date stamp and selection keyboard, are selection-based: they require screen real-estate to display options, are difficult to customize, cannot be used without looking, and are slow. A gestural joystick method, on the other hand, could alleviate these limitations in exchange for the need to learn letter-forms. If the letter-forms were easy to learn, such a technique could have significant advantages over current methods.
Impact of HLA class I and class II high-resolution matching on outcomes of unrelated donor bone marrow transplantation: HLA-C mismatching is associated with a strong adverse effect on transplantation outcome (2004)

Outcome of unrelated donor marrow transplantation is influenced by donor-recipient matching for HLA. Prior studies assessing the effects of mismatches at specific HLA loci have yielded conflicting results. The importance of high-resolution matching for all HLA loci has also not been established. We therefore examined the effects of HLA matching (low or high resolution or both) on engraftment, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), and mortality in 1874 donor-recipient pairs retrospectively typed at high resolution for HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1, -DQ, and -DP. Mismatches at HLA-A, -B, -C, and -DRB1 each had similar adverse effects on mortality. Only HLA-A mismatches demonstrated significant adverse effects on GVHD. These adverse effects on outcome were more evident in transplants with low-resolution versus only high-resolution mismatches. Mismatches for HLA-DQ or -DP did not significantly affect outcome. When high-resolution mismatches at HLA-A, -B, -C, and -DRB1 were considered together, adverse effects on survival and GVHD were observed. We therefore conclude that matching for HLA-C should be incorporated into algorithms for unrelated donor selection. High-resolution mismatches at HLA-A, -B, -C, and -DRB1 adversely affect outcome, but less so than low-resolution mismatches. When clinical circumstances allow, high-resolution class I typing may help optimize donor selection and improve outcome.
S -adenosylhomocysteine treatment of adult female fibroblasts alters X-chromosome inactivation and improves in vitro embryo development after somatic cell nuclear transfer (2008)

The poor outcome of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is thought to be a consequence of incomplete reprogramming of the donor cell. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of treatment with S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) a DNA demethylation agent, on DNA methylation levels and X-chromosome inactivation status of bovine female fibroblast donor cells and the subsequent impact on developmental potential after SCNT. Compared with non-treated controls, the cells treated with SAH revealed (i) significantly (P<0.05) reduced global DNA methylation, (ii) significantly (approximately 1.5-fold) increased telomerase activity, (iii) diminished distribution signals of methylated histones H3-3mK9 and H3-3mK27 on the presumptive inactive X-chromosome (Xi), (iv) alteration in the replication pattern of the Xi, and (v) elevation of transcript levels for X-chromosome linked genes, ANT3, MECP2, XIAP, XIST, and HPRT. SCNT embryos produced with SAH-treated donor cells compared with those derived from untreated donor cells revealed (i) similar cleavage frequencies, (ii) significant elevation in the frequencies of development of cleaved embryos to hatched blastocyst stage, and (iii) 1.5-fold increase in telomerase activity. We concluded that SAH induces global DNA demethylation that partially reactivates the Xi, and that a hypomethylated genome may facilitate the nuclear reprogramming process.
Femtosecond direct space-to-time pulse with MEMS micromirror arrays (2004)

Femtosecond direct space-to-time (DST) pulse shaping is demonstrated using a MEMS micromirror array. A 100 fs pulse is reshaped into an arbitrary optical waveform of about 3 ps duration. The micromirror array is capable of synthesizing arbitrary waveforms of up to 7 ps with 16.7 fs resolution.
Proton affinity and gas phase basicity of diamandoid molecules: diamantane to C131H116 (2022)

Calculated proton affinities (PAs) and gas phase basicities (GPBs) are reported for diamantane (C<sub>14</sub>H<sub>20</sub>), triamantane (C<sub>18</sub>H<sub>24</sub>), 'globular and planar' isomers of tetramantane (C<sub>22</sub>H<sub>28</sub>) and pentamantane (C<sub>26</sub>H<sub>32</sub>), and for one 'globular' isomer of each of the larger diamondoid molecules: C<sub>51</sub>H<sub>58</sub>, C<sub>78</sub>H<sub>72</sub>, C<sub>102</sub>H<sub>90</sub>, and C<sub>131</sub>H<sub>116</sub>. Assuming C<sub><i>x</i></sub>H<sub><i>y</i></sub> as the parent diamondoid molecule, we calculated PA and GPB values for a variety of C<sub><i>x</i></sub>H<sub><i>y</i>+1</sub><sup>+</sup> isomers, as well as for the reaction C<sub><i>x</i></sub>H<sub><i>y</i></sub> + H<sup>+</sup> yielding C<sub><i>x</i></sub>H<sub><i>y</i>-1</sub><sup>+</sup> + H<sub>2</sub>(g); the latter is slightly favored based on GPB values for diamantane through pentamantane, but less favored compared to certain C<sub><i>x</i></sub>H<sub><i>y</i>+1</sub><sup>+</sup> isomers of C<sub>51</sub>H<sub>58</sub>, C<sub>102</sub>H<sub>90</sub>, and C<sub>131</sub>H<sub>116</sub>. Indeed, the GPB values of C<sub>51</sub>H<sub>58</sub>, C<sub>102</sub>H<sub>90</sub>, and C<sub>131</sub>H<sub>116</sub> classifiy them as 'superbases'. Calculations that had the initial location of the proton in an interstitial site inside the diamondoid molecule always showed the H having moved to the outside of the diamondoid molecule; for this reason, we focused on testing a variety of initial configurations with the proton placed in an initial position on the surface. Additional protons were added to determine the limiting number that could be, per these calculations, taken up by the diamondoid molecules and the maximum number of protons are shown in parentheses: C<sub>14</sub>H<sub>20</sub>(2), C<sub>18</sub>H<sub>24</sub>(3), C<sub>22</sub>H<sub>28</sub>(3), C<sub>26</sub>H<sub>32</sub>(3), C<sub>51</sub>H<sub>58</sub>(4). Bader charge distributions obtained for C<sub><i>x</i></sub>H<sub><i>y</i>+1</sub><sup>+</sup> isomers (for diamantane through pentamantane) suggest that the positive charge is essentially completely delocalized over all the H atoms. NMR spectra were calculated for different isomers of C<sub>14</sub>H<sub>19</sub><sup>+</sup>, and compared to the published NMR spectrum for when diamantane was mixed with magic acid and H<sub>2</sub>(g) was produced.
Multiple scattering by a planar array of parallel dielectric cylinders (1992)

The solution of the multiple-scattering problem for N parallel dielectric cylinders is considered for plane-wave illumination perpendicular to the cylinder axes. We describe a nonlinear programming approach to solve the multiple-scattering matrix for an arbitrary planar array of N parallel dielectric cylinders. To our knowledge, no calculations have been made previously for multiple scattering by more than two parallel dielectric cylinders. Numerical results for four abutting cylinders with end-on illumination demonstrate damping of internal resonance features similar to previously published results for two cylinders. Furthermore, we present numerical examples of scattering from eight unequally spaced, parallel dielectric cylinders with broadside illumination. Because of coupling between the cylinders, the incident energy is spread evenly between the intensity peaks behind the array of cylinders.