gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automatic synthesis of equipment recipes from specified wafer-state transitions (1998)

Run-to-run and supervisory control algorithms determine the equipment recipe to produce a desired output wafer state given the incoming wafer state and the current equipment model. For simple, low-dimensional equipment models, this problem is not difficult. However, when there are multiple responses for the system and the equipment models are nonlinear, automated synthesis of recipes is complicated by the potential for multiple solutions. While there are standard techniques for handling such inverse problems in general, each of these techniques is optimal only under certain conditions. We present a framework for performing automated synthesis of recipes that integrates database search, local optimization, and global optimization into a consistent methodology that is applicable to a wide range of equipment models and inversion problems in general. The integrated framework imposes quasi-continuity on the extracted recipes, is scalable to systems of high dimensionality, and can be optimized to minimize the expected synthesis time for any given problem. The framework has been implemented in a system that performs statistical optimization of CMOS transistor designs. The integrated framework provides a factor of 16 increase in performance over global optimization and a factor of three increase over exhaustive search and multiple starts of a local optimizer.
A Convenient Synthesis of 3-Pyridinyl- and 3-Pyrimidinylcoumarins (2006)

A mild and efficient synthesis of 3-pyridinyl- and 3-pyrimidinylcoumarins through one-pot tandem condensation-cyclization of various 2′-hydroxyacetophenones and pyridinyl- or pyrimidinylacetic acids is described.
Detection of heartworm infection in dogs via PCR amplification and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry of nucleic acid extracts from whole blood samples (2012)

With the assay under investigation, it was possible to identify D immitis infection in dogs with circulating microfilaria via detection of the obligate Wolbachia endosymbiont of D immitis. It was not possible to identify dogs with occult infections, which suggested that circulating microfilaria must be present to detect infection with this assay, although further studies would be required to verify that finding.
(Invited) Display and LSI Applications of Oxide Semiconductor LSIs (OS LSIs) Using Crystalline In–Ga–Zn Oxide (IGZO): Applications Related to Coronavirus COVID-19 Pandemic (2020)

This paper shows structures and features of a field-effect transistor (FET) fabricated using a c-axis aligned crystalline In–Ga–Zn oxide (CAAC-IGZO), which is a typical example of crystalline oxide semiconductor (OS) ceramics, as a channel material, and applications of the CAAC-IGZO FET up to this point. In this study, we propose an AI accelerator as novel LSI using an OS (OS LSI) and make a detail description of the AI accelerator.
Quantum-size effects in hafnium-oxide resistive switching (2013)

Discrete changes of conductance of the order of G0 = 2e2/h reported during the unipolar reset transitions of Pt/HfO2/Pt structures are interpreted as the signature of atomic-size variations of the conducting filament (CF) nanostructure. Our results suggest that the reset occurs in two phases: a progressive narrowing of the CF to the limit of a quantum wire (QW) followed by the opening of a spatial gap that exponentially reduces the CF transmission. First principles calculations show that oxygen vacancy paths in HfO2 with single- to few-atom diameters behave as QWs and are capable of carrying current with G0 conductance.
Blood biomarkers predicting disease progression in patients with IPF: data from the INMARK trial* (2020)

Introduction: The INMARK trial investigated biomarkers as predictors of disease progression in patients with IPF and preserved lung volume.
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF SQUEAKING HIPS (2009)

Introduction: Squeaking is reported ceramic-on-ceramic hip bearings in association with acetabular component malposition – particularly too much or too little anteversion. Acoustic analysis of squeaking hips with modular ceramic-titanium acetabular components suggests that there may be dynamic uncoupling of the ceramic insert from the titanium shell with edge loading of the ceramic. The aim of this study was to investigate edge loading of a modular ceramic-titanium acetabular component during gait at different positions of anteversion using the finite element (FE) method. Methods: An intact and reconstructed 3D FE model of a human pelvis was generated using PATRAN. Bone properties extracted from the CT data were applied using FORTRAN subroutines. A generic acetabular titanium shell and ceramic liner were modelled and placed in the pelvis in two different positions: ideal anteversion and 18 degree excess anteversion. The contact conditions simulated a fully osseointegrated acetabular shell and a matched taper junction with a friction coefficient of 0.2. We ran FE analysis with ABAQUS software to determine the stress distribution and surface separation of shell and liner at toe-off. Results: The separation distance between the ceramic liner and the acetabular shell for the anteverted component (40mm) was an order of magnitude greater than that for the ideally positioned component (4mm). There was “tilting” of the ceramic liner out of the acetabular shell in both cases. Discussion: Based on clinical observations, the toe-of phase of gait is a common position for squeaking to occur. Clinical retrievals also show evidence of edge loading wear and contralateral taper interface separation with the “tilting” of the liner out of the acetabular shell. It is envisaged that the “tilting” of the liner in the acetabular shell may allow forced vibrations associated with the squeaking phenomena, possibly in combination with edge loading.
Systematic validation of 2x nm diameter perpendicular MTJ arrays and MgO barrier for sub-10 nm embedded STT-MRAM with practically unlimited endurance (2016)

We present a comprehensive device and scalability validation of STT-MRAM for high performance applications in sub-10 nm CMOS by providing the first statistical account of barrier reliability in perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions (pMTJs) from 70 to 25 nm diameter in 1 Gbit arrays. We have experimentally investigated the time-dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) properties and the dependence of the pMTJ lifetime on voltage, polarity, duty-cycle, and temperature. A large write-to-breakdown voltage window of > 1 V (> 20 σavg) was measured and a long time-to-breakdown was projected (> 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">15</sup> cycles) for 45 nm pMTJs, guaranteeing practically unlimited write cycles. We also reveal a dramatic enhancement of barrier reliability in conjunction with pMTJ size scaling down to 25 nm diameter, further widening the operating window at deeply scaled nodes.
Are there good reasons for protecting mobile phones with hypervisors? (2011)

Security threats on consumer devices such as mobile phones are increasing as the software platforms become more open and complex. Therefore, hypervisors, which bring potential new secure services to embedded systems, are becoming increasingly important. In this paper, we look into how to design a hypervisor-based security architecture for an advanced mobile phone. Key security components of the architecture have been verified through a hypervisor implemented on an emulated ARM platform. We compare the hypervisor security architecture with TrustZone and summarize the major benefits and limitations of the hypervisor approach. In short, hypervisors exhibit several advantages such as support of multiple secure execution domains and monitoring of non-trusted domains; however, this comes at the cost of larger legacy system porting efforts.
A human immune data-informed vaccine concept elicits strong and broad T-cell specificities associated with HIV-1 control in mice and macaques (2015)

These data demonstrate the immunogenicity of a novel HIV-1 T cell vaccine concept that induced broadly balanced responses to vulnerable sites of HIV-1 while avoiding the induction of responses to potential decoy targets that may divert effective T-cell responses towards variable and less protective viral determinants.
Near-field broadband beamformer design via multidimensional semi-infinite linear programming techniques (2003)

Broadband microphone arrays has important applications such as hands-free mobile telephony, voice interface to personal computers and video conference equipment. This problem can be tackled in different ways. In this paper, a general broadband beamformer design problem is considered. The problem is posed as a Chebyshev minimax problem. Using the l/sub 1/-norm measure or the real rotation theorem, we show that it can be converted into a semi-infinite linear programming problem. A numerical scheme using a set of adaptive grids is applied. The scheme is proven to be convergent when a certain grid refinement is used. The method can be applied to the design of multidimensional digital finite-impulse response (FIR) filters with arbitrarily specified amplitude and phase.
Fermilab electron cooling project: field measurements in the cooling section solenoid (2002)

To provide the maximum possible cooling rate for the Recycler Electron Cooling (REC), the cooling section has to be immersed into a high-quality longitudinal magnetic field. Namely, the solenoidal field of 50-150 G should have an integral of the transverse component below 1 G-cm over the whole 20-m cooling section. The transverse field components are measured by a dedicated compass-based sensor, which has been designed and manufactured at Budker INP, Novosibirsk. The paper describes results of the field measurements performed on the cooling section solenoid prototypes as well as the design and the calibration procedure of the sensor.
Relaxin-Expressing Adenovirus Decreases Collagen Synthesis and Up-Regulates Matrix Metalloproteinase Expression in Keloid Fibroblasts (2012)

These results suggest that the antifibrotic effect of relaxin-expressing adenovirus may have therapeutic effects on keloids.
<title>Neural network diagnosis of avascular necrosis from magnetic resonance images</title> (1993)

We have explored the use of artificial neural networks to diagnose avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head from magnetic resonance images. We have developed multi-layer perceptron networks, trained with conjugate gradient optimization, which diagnose AVN from single sagittal images of the femoral head with 100% accuracy on the training data and 97% accuracy on test data. These networks use only the raw image as input (with minimal preprocessing to average the images down to 32 X 32 size and to scale the input data values) and learn to extract their own features for the diagnosis decision. Various experiments with these networks are described.
2-Substitution of Adenine Nucleotide Analogues Containing a Bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane Ring System Locked in a Northern Conformation:  Enhanced Potency as P2Y1Receptor Antagonists (2003)

Preference for the northern (N) ring conformation of the ribose moiety of adenine nucleotide 3',5'-bisphosphate antagonists of P2Y(1) receptors was established by using a ring-constrained methanocarba (a bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane) ring as a ribose substitute (Nandanan et al. J. Med. Chem. 2000, 43, 829-842). We have now combined the ring-constrained (N)-methanocarba modification with other functionalities at the 2-position of the adenine moiety. A new synthetic route to this series of bisphosphate derivatives was introduced, consisting of phosphorylation of the pseudoribose moiety prior to coupling with the adenine base. The activity of the newly synthesized analogues was determined by measuring antagonism of 2-methylthio-ADP-stimulated phospholipase C (PLC) activity in 1321N1 human astrocytoma cells expressing the recombinant human P2Y(1) receptor and by using the radiolabeled antagonist [(3)H]2-chloro-N(6)-methyl-(N)-methanocarba-2'-deoxyadenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate 5 in a newly developed binding assay in Sf9 cell membranes. Within the series of 2-halo analogues, the most potent molecule at the hP2Y(1) receptor was an (N)-methanocarba N(6)-methyl-2-iodo analogue 12, which displayed a K(i) value in competition for binding of [(3)H]5 of 0.79 nM and a K(B) value of 1.74 nM for inhibition of PLC. Thus, 12 is the most potent antagonist selective for the P2Y(1) receptor yet reported. The 2-iodo group was substituted with trimethyltin, thus providing a parallel synthetic route for the introduction of an iodo group in this high-affinity antagonist. The (N)-methanocarba-2-methylthio, 2-methylseleno, 2-hexyl, 2-(1-hexenyl), and 2-(1-hexynyl) analogues bound less well, exhibiting micromolar affinity at P2Y(1) receptors. An enzymatic method of synthesis of the 3',5'-bisphosphate from the corresponding 3'-monophosphate, suitable for the preparation of a radiophosphorylated analogue, was explored.
New Spirostanol Saponins from Chinese Chives (Allium tuberosum) (2001)

Three new spirostanol saponins have been isolated from the seeds of Allium tuberosum. On the basis of acid hydrolysis and comprehensive spectroscopic analysis, their structures were established as tuberoside J, (25R)-5alpha-spirostan-2alpha,3beta,27-triol 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside; tuberoside K, (25R)-5alpha-spirostan-2alpha,3beta,27-triol 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->4)]-beta-D-glucopyranoside; and tuberoside L, 27-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(25R)-5alpha-spirostan-2alpha,3beta,27-triol 3-O-alpha-D-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->4)]-beta-D-glucopyranoside.
Botulinum Toxin Type A Neuromuscular Blockade in the Treatment of Lower Extremity Spasticity in Cerebral Palsy: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial (2000)

Summary Increased gastrocnemius/soleus muscle tone in children with cerebral palsy may cause an equinus of the ankle. Botulinum toxin type A (BTX), a neuromuscular blocking agent, reduces muscle tone in various neuromuscular disorders. The safety and short-term efficacy of BTX injections were evaluated in a prospective, 3-month, double-blind, randomized clinical trial involving 114 children with cerebral palsy and dynamic equinus foot deformity. Outcome was determined by observational gait analysis, ankle range-of-motion measurements, and quantification of muscle denervation by nerve conduction. Patients in the BTX group demonstrated improved gait function and partial denervation of the injected muscle. No serious adverse events were reported.
Face Perception: Importance of phase alignments (2010)

Complex patterns, such as faces, can be described by the combination of their Fourier frequency and phase components. Whereas the role of frequency information has received the majority of research attention, the importance of phase information in face perception has been largely neglected. In the experiments reported here, we sought to investigate the role of phase information on face perception using a discrimination task on arrays of face morphs. In the first experiment, we varied the amount of aligned Fourier phase in different regions of the face frequency spectrum in order to determine whether the information in some regions was more important than others and whether the properties of the underlying neural processes are best understood in terms of frequency bandwidth or number of phase-alignments. In the second experiment, linear filtering was implemented to estimate the information content in different face frequency bands and to determine whether it is the number of phase-alignments or the signal-to-noise ratio of phase-alignments that matter. In the third experiment, we varied the distribution of phase-aligned frequencies to ascertain whether it is the number of contiguous phase-aligned frequencies or the global signal-to-noise ratio that matters. We conclude that there are underlying processes that depend on a certain signal-to-noise ratio of phase-alignments within a contiguous range of face frequencies (we termed these critical band of phase alignments) which operate with equal efficiency throughout the face frequency spectrum.
CNTN5 −/+ or EHMT2 −/+ iPSC-Derived Neurons from Individuals with Autism Develop Hyperactive Neuronal Networks (2018)

Abstract Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cortical neurons are increasingly used as a model to study developmental aspects of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), which is clinically and genetically heterogeneous. To study the complex relationship of rare (penetrant) variant(s) and common (weaker) polygenic risk variant(s) to ASD, “isogenic” iPSC-derived neurons from probands and family-based controls, for modeling, is critical. We developed a standardized set of procedures, designed to control for heterogeneity in reprogramming and differentiation, and generated 53 different iPSC-derived glutamatergic neuronal lines from 25 participants from 12 unrelated families with ASD (14 ASD-affected individuals, 3 unaffected siblings, 8 unaffected parents). Heterozygous de novo (7 families; 16p11.2, NRXN1 , DLGAP2 , CAPRIN1 , VIP , ANOS1 , THRA ) and rare-inherited (2 families; CNTN5 , AGBL4 ) presumed-damaging variants were characterized in ASD risk genes/loci. In three additional families, functional candidates for ASD ( SET ), and combinations of putative etiologic variants ( GLI3/KIF21A and EHMT2/UBE2I combinations in separate families), were modeled. We used a large-scale multi-electrode array (MEA) as our primary high-throughput phenotyping assay, followed by patch clamp recordings. Our most compelling new results revealed a consistent spontaneous network hyperactivity in neurons deficient for CNTN5 or EHMT2. Our biobank of iPSC-derived neurons and accompanying genomic data are available to accelerate ASD research.
Endoruler : A real-time measurement system in endoscopy (2017)

info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Metabolic syndrome pathophysiology in elderly women with coronary heart disease and arterial hypertension (2012)

This article is dedicated to the study of several metabolic syndrome components in elderly women with coronary heart disease (CHD) and arterial hypertension. The majority of the female patients were found to have visceral obesity, predominantly in a mild form, and dyslipidemia, which was characterized by elevated levels of the atherogenic fractions in the absence of significant changes in the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level, while carbohydrate metabolic disorders were recorded in almost half of the subjects.
A split regimen of regular insulin at dinner and NPH insulin at bedtime reduced nocturnal hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes (2002)

Source Citation Fanelli CG, Pampanelli S, Porcellati F, et al. Administration of neutral protamine Hagedorn insulin at bedtime versus with dinner in type 1 diabetes mellitus to avoid nocturnal hypoglycemia and improve control. A randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 2002 Apr 2;136:504-14. 11926785 (All 2002 articles were reviewed for relevancy, and abstracts were last revised in 2008.)
Deep learning‐based multimodal fusion network for segmentation and classification of breast cancers using B‐mode and elastography ultrasound images (2022)

Ultrasonography is one of the key medical imaging modalities for evaluating breast lesions. For differentiating benign from malignant lesions, computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems have greatly assisted radiologists by automatically segmenting and identifying features of lesions. Here, we present deep learning (DL)-based methods to segment the lesions and then classify benign from malignant, utilizing both B-mode and strain elastography (SE-mode) images. We propose a weighted multimodal U-Net (W-MM-U-Net) model for segmenting lesions where optimum weight is assigned on different imaging modalities using a weighted-skip connection method to emphasize its importance. We design a multimodal fusion framework (MFF) on cropped B-mode and SE-mode ultrasound (US) lesion images to classify benign and malignant lesions. The MFF consists of an integrated feature network (IFN) and a decision network (DN). Unlike other recent fusion methods, the proposed MFF method can simultaneously learn complementary information from convolutional neural networks (CNNs) trained using B-mode and SE-mode US images. The features from the CNNs are ensembled using the multimodal EmbraceNet model and DN classifies the images using those features. The experimental results (sensitivity of 100 ± 0.00% and specificity of 94.28 ± 7.00%) on the real-world clinical data showed that the proposed method outperforms the existing single- and multimodal methods. The proposed method predicts seven benign patients as benign three times out of five trials and six malignant patients as malignant five out of five trials. The proposed method would potentially enhance the classification accuracy of radiologists for breast cancer detection in US images.
Organocuprate(iii) chemistry: synthesis and reactivity of amido, cyano, phosphido and thiolato ate complexes of copper(iii) (2010)

Lithium tetramethylcuprate(III) 1 reacts readily at -100 degrees C with appropriate sources of H(+) or X(+) (X = Br, I) to remove a methyl and in some cases incorporate the counterion (e.g., arylthio or cyano) to give stable complexes. These derivatives can in turn serve as starting materials for other Cu(III) complexes.
Avoiding thermal runaway in lithium-ion batteries using ultrasound detection of early failure mechanisms (2022)

Thermal runaway leading to catastrophic failure has slowed the adoption of lithium-ion batteries, highlighting the need for early warning systems. In this work, ultrasound is used to detect physical changes in 0.950 Ah Li-ion battery cells by inducing conditions associated with thermal runaway. Ultrasound signal features are extracted as the batteries are cycled under baseline conditions and subsequently subjected to constant current and voltage overcharges. Two conditions identifying failure are defined: a warning to detect the start of overcharge and an emergency stop (E-stop), to immediately take the battery out of service. Using changes in ultrasound signal features, consistent warning and stopping classifications are applied to all failure experiments. On average, a warning notification was issued after 15% of the overcharge time, and an E-stop was triggered after 35% of total overcharge duration before failure. Further testing suggests it is possible to avoid thermal runaway by reacting to intermediate, warning notifications prior to an immediate E-stop. In other words, not only can detection derived by ultrasound identify battery failure before a catastrophic event, but can also provide early, actionable warnings so that overcharges can be detected and corrected quickly enough so the battery does not need to be decommissioned.
How to Distinguish Isodesmic from Cooperative Supramolecular Polymerisation (2009)

To study the supramolecular polymerisation mechanisms of a self-assembling system, concentration- and temperature-dependent measurements can both be used to probe the transition from the molecular dissolved state to the aggregated state. In this report, both methods are evaluated to determine their effectiveness in identifying and quantifying the self-assembly mechanism for isodesmic and cooperative self-assembling systems. It was found that for a rapid and unambiguous determination of the self-assembly mechanism and its thermodynamic parameters, temperature-dependent measurements are more appropriate. These studies allow the acquisition of a large data set leading to an accurate determination of the self-assembly mechanism and quantification of the different thermodynamic parameters that describe the supramolecular polymerisation. For a comprehensive characterisation, additional concentration-dependent measurements can be performed.