gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optical planar chiral metamaterial designs for strong circular dichroism and polarization rotation (2008)

Planar chiral metamaterials comprising double-layer dielectricmetal- dielectric resonant structures in the shape of a gammadion are presented in the near-infrared regime. The unit cell of the doubly-periodic metamaterial design is optimized using the genetic algorithm for maximum circular dichroism and for maximum optical activity. A circular dichroism value in excess of 50% is predicted for the optimized design. Maximum polarization rotatory powers in terms of the minimum allowed transmittances are also obtained and presented.
Microrips of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium (1992)

We describe six patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration who had retinal pigment epithelial detachments with associated overlying neurosensory detachments. During fluorescein angiography, each patient demonstrated a solitary, intense, central serouslike leak at the edge of the retinal pigment epithelial detachment with passage of fluorescein into the subretinal space. In patients in whom the location of associated choroidal neovascularization was evident, the leakage site was remote to the area of neovascularization. Our observations suggest that these leaks result from small retinal epithelial rips, which we termed "microrips," that differ from conventionally described retinal pigment epithelial rips in clinical course and response to laser treatment. We hypothesize that the mechanisms and forces that generate these microrips are different from those producing conventionally described retinal pigment epithelial rips.
Optical Channel Speeds For Future Transport Networks (2011)

In this paper the history of channel speed development of optical transport networks, from a few MbI/s to beyond 100 GbI/s, is reviewed. A new channel type categorization, which divided various channel designs into only three basic channel types, has been proposed. Based on the new categorization distinguishable performances of the three types of channels are analyzed and the future direction of optical channel designs is predicted.
Postnatal development of T cells in dogs with X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (1996)

X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency disease (XSCID) in both humans and dogs results from mutations in the common gamma-chain, gamma c, which is a common component of the receptors for IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, and IL-15. Although human and canine XSCID share similar features, such as a failure to thrive, hypogammaglobulinemia, an absent T cell mitogenic response, and thymic dysplasia, near normal percentages of T cells are observed in some affected dogs, whereas XSCID boys have few, if any, circulating T cells. In this study, PBL were analyzed by flow cytometry beginning shortly after birth until 9 wk of age. XSCID dogs < 3 wk of age had an elevated number of B cells and were nearly devoid of T cells, phenotypically resembling most human XSCID patients. At 5 wk of age, however, T cells appeared in approximately one-half of the XSCID dogs, although the absolute number of T cells was one-third of normal in these dogs. While the percentage of CD45RA+ T cells in normal dogs gradually decreased with age from > 90% in neonates to < 40% by 3 to 5 yr of age, in XSCID dogs a rapid decline in the percentage of CD45RA+ T cells was observed, resulting in < 10% CD45RA+ T cells by 7 to 9 wk of age. Maternal engraftment was not detected in any of the XSCID dogs by using a sensitive PCR assay. The appearance of nonmaternally derived T cells in XSCID dogs that undergo a rapid switch from CD45RA+ to CD45RA- suggests that limited thymic emigration and peripheral expansion of T cells can occur in the absence of a functional gamma c.
Substituted Azoloquinolines and ‐quinazolines as New Potent Farnesyl Protein Transferase Inhibitors. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Dynamical Driving and Probing of Quantum Phase Transitions on the Nanoscale (2015)

We extended the characterization of photoinduced quantum phase transitions into the nanoscale. We demonstrate this for VO2 by accessing spatial inhomogeneities in the insulator-to-metal transition due to local strain and defects.
The thermoelastic basis of short pulsed laser ablation of biological tissue. (1995)

Strong evidence that short-pulse laser ablation of biological tissues is a photomechanical process is presented. A full three-dimensional, time-dependent solution to the thermoelastic wave equation is compared to the results of experiments using an interferometric surface monitor to measure thermoelastic expansion. Agreement is excellent for calibrations performed on glass and on acrylic at low laser fluences. For cortical bone, the measurements agree well with the theoretical predictions once optical scattering is included. The theory predicts the presence of the tensile stresses necessary to rupture the tissue during photomechanical ablation. The technique is also used to monitor the ablation event both before and after material is ejected.
Germacranolides from Calea urticifolia. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of C-3'-Modified Analogs of 9(R)-Dihydrotaxol (1994)

Taxol (1) is considered a most exciting new drug in cancer chemotherapy. The promising antitumor activity of 9(R)-dihydrotaxol (3) encouraged us to further explore the structure-activity relationship of this new member of the taxane family. Studies indicated that the C-13 side chain of taxol is indispensable for antitumor activity and that the natural substitution pattern of a 2'(R)-hydroxy and a 3'(S)-acylamino group might be optimal. However, relatively little is known about the effects of the 3'-phenyl ring on activity. The synthesis and biological evaluation of analogs of 3 modified at the C-3' position are described. This study revealed that the 3'-phenyl ring was not required for activity and identified several compounds which had equal or greater in vitro and in vivo activity than taxol.
Inhibition of intraocular tumor growth by topical application of the angiostatic steroid anecortave acetate. (1999)

This study examined the effect of an angiostatic agent on the growth of a highly vascularized intraocular tumor.A murine uveal melanoma cell line (99E1) was transplanted intracamerally into athymic nude BALB/c mice. Mice were treated topically three times per day beginning on the day of tumor transplantation and continuing through day 28. Groups included (a) 1% anecortave acetate, (b) vehicle control, or (c) no treatment. Tumor growth was scored clinically according to the volume of anterior chamber occupied by tumor. Intraocular tumor weights were determined on days 10, 14, 21, and 28. The effect of the test agents on tumor cell proliferation was examined in vitro by [3H]thymidine incorporation.Tumors grew progressively in untreated mice and mice treated with the vehicle; tumors filled the entire eye by day 20 and frequently perforated the globe by day 21. By contrast, tumors treated with anecortave acetate grew significantly slower (P < 0.025) and did not perforate the eye. On days 21 and 28 the net tumor weight of the AL-3789-treated animals was 40% to 30% of controls (P < 0.05). Tumor inhibition was presumably due to the angiostatic properties of anecortave acetate because the compound did not affect tumor cell proliferation in vitro.The topical ocular administration of anecortave acetate restricted the growth of a highly vascularized angiogenic intraocular tumor.
Inter-Core Crosstalk Mitigation in Multicore Fibers by Optical CDMA Spreading Technique with Referenced Channels (2019)

In this paper, we employ optical code division multiple access spreading technique to treat the inter-core crosstalk in multicore fiber transmission. By choosing referenced channels, our results show about 3.4 dB improvement of inter-core crosstalk comparing to conventional 6-core fiber.
Time Synchronization in 5G Wireless Edge: Requirements and Solutions for\n Critical-MTC (2019)

Wireless edge is about distributing intelligence to the wireless devices\nwherein the distribution of accurate time reference is essential for\ntime-critical machine-type communication (cMTC). In 5G-based cMTC, enabling\ntime synchronization in the wireless edge means moving beyond the current\nsynchronization needs and solutions in 5G radio access. In this article, we\nanalyze the device-level synchronization needs of potential cMTC applications:\nindustrial automation, power distribution, vehicular communication, and live\naudio/video production. We present an over-the-air (OTA) synchronization scheme\ncomprised of 5G air interface parameters, and discuss their associated timing\nerrors. We evaluate the estimation error in device-to-base station propagation\ndelay from timing advance (TA) under random errors and show how to reduce the\nestimation error. In the end, we identify the random errors specific to dense\nmultipath fading environments and discuss countermeasures.\n
Subject Index Vol. 55, 2011 (2011)

abnormality 455 -cancer screening 334, 433 -carcinoma 426 -cytology 158, 255 -dysplasia 251 -histology 158 -intraepithelial neoplasia 158, 167, 218, 426 -lesions 106 -sampling 213 -screening 307 -smear 42 Cervix 42, 281 Chondroblastoma 473 Chondroblasts 473 Chromatin distribution 455 Chromosomes 113 CINtec PLUS 413 Competitive probe blocking 576 Computer-aided diagnosis 271 Computer-assisted screening 163 Congo red 296 Conization 421 Conventional smear 213 Core needle biopsy 100 Cribriform-morular variant 13 Crystal storing histiocytosis 302 Cytohistology 327
The Impact of Uremic Toxins on Alzheimer's Disease (2022)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia, pathologically characterized by the accumulation of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is highly prevalent in the elderly population closely associated with the occurrence of dementia. Recent epidemiological and experimental studies suggest a potential association of CKD with AD. Both diseases share a panel of identical risk factors, such as type 2 diabetes and hypertension. However, the relationship between CKD and AD is unclear. Lower clearance of a panel of uremic toxin including cystatin- C, guanidine, and adiponectin due to CKD is implied to contribute to AD pathogenesis. In this review, we summarize the current evidence from epidemiological, experimental, and clinical studies on the potential contribution of uremic toxins to AD pathogenesis. We describe outstanding questions and propose an outlook on the link between uremic toxins and AD.
Plasma miR371 for the detection of viable germ cell tumor in testicular cancer patients with enlarging or post chemotherapy residual nodes. (2018)

569 Background: The pathological constitution of post-chemotherapy residual disease (PCRD) or enlarged nodes in clinical stage I (CSI) patients (pts) with germ cell tumor (GCT) is guesswork, especially when tumor markers (β-HCG, AFP, LDH) are negative. Currently, accurate assessment requires clinical follow-up with imaging to establish patterns of growth or pathological confirmation with RPLND. A blood-based approach reliably to identify patients with non teratoma viable GCT (NTVGCT) would be valuable. Methods: miR371 extracted from plasma of 44 pts with GCT was analyzed by RT-PCR and relative expression calculated by the 2-ΔΔCt method. Plasma from healthy male volunteers was used as negative control while miR-93-5p as internal positive control. The sensitivity and specificity of miR371 were calculated correlating miR371 overexpression to the presence of relapsed/residual NTVGCT. Results: Fifty eight samples (20 CSI, 20 metastatic, 18 PCRD) were analyzed. Ten CSI pts presented with suspicious enlarging nodes (≥ IIA) and miR371 was overexpressed in 5/6 pts with confirmed tumor relapse. Neither CSI pts with unconfirmed enlarging nodes (n = 4) or with no signs of relapse (n = 10) presented high miR371 levels. miR371 was overexpressed in all the pre-chemotherapy metastatic pts (n = 10) and negative after chemotherapy (n = 10), with 4 pts presenting PCRD. miR371 was negative in all the pts with PCRD and no residual NTVGCT was detected in those pts by either pathology (n = 10) or clinical follow-up (n = 8). Sensitivity and specificity were 93.3% and 100%, respectively. Conclusions: Elevated plasma levels of miR371 correlate with the presence of NTVGCT and may lead to biological rather than radiographic assessment of active GCT. Since chemotherapy is first line option for NTVGCT while is inactive in teratoma, miR371 status may be used to select pts for chemotherapy or surgery. These encouraging findings inform upcoming North American trials for further definition of miR371 operating characteristics in all stages, sites of origin, gender and age specific GCTs. [Table: see text]
Micro-bias-tees using micromachined flip-chip inductors (2003)

In order to reduce the circuit area required by bias-tees in active circuits, an approach using a micromachined suspended inductor is presented in this paper. The inductor is fabricated using a commercial silicon micromachining process and then integrated with a microwave circuit using flip-chip assembly. Suspending the inductor above the substrate greatly reduces the parasitic capacitances associated with the substrate. The inductor has a measured self-resonant frequency of 18 GHz. A tethered approach allows "pre-releasing" of the structure, which makes integration possible on any substrate. 4-mm/sup 2/ bias-tees on both alumina and TMM6 substrates are presented in this work with comparable performance to commercially available bias-tees, but with a significant reduction in circuit area.
Systematic Control Configuration Selection of Secondary Heating Systems : A Case Study (2014)

Godkänd; 2014; 20141125 (migcas)
Method and apparatus for asynchronous scheduling (2023)

A method and apparatus of asynchronous scheduling in a graphics device includes sending one or more instructions from an instruction scheduler to one or more instruction first-in/first-out (FIFO) devices. An instruction in the one or more FIFO devices is selected for execution by a single-instruction/multiple-data (SIMD) pipeline unit. It is determined whether all operands for the selected instruction are available for execution of the instruction, and if all the operands are available, the selected instruction is executed on the SIMD pipeline unit. The self-timed arithmetic pipeline unit (SIMD pipeline unit) is effectively encapsulated in a synchronous, (e.g., clocked by global clock), scheduler and register file environment.
Physiological Reactivity to a Multi-Task Environment (2006)

A lot of physiological parameters, mainly cardiovascular indexes, were obtained from fifteen male participants. They were asked to perform a 5-minute multi-task (MATB: Multi-Attribute Task Battery) for three times. The MATB consisted of four tasks, i. e., compensatory tracking task, system monitoring task, resource management task and communication task. The communication task was not operating in this experiment. Two participants out of fifteen showed bradycardia during the performance of MATB comparing with before and after resting periods. However, many of other participants did not show clear heart rate decreases. Therefore, above-mentioned two participants should be grouped as Vascular Reactors who show dominant Total Peripheral Resistance increment (and heart rate decrements consequently) to mental challenge rather than Cardiac Reactors who show increments in Cardiac Output. In vascular Reactors, increased vagal tone (parasympathetic nervous system activity) is elicited by mental tasks. Therefore, when we evaluate the mental workload using autonomic nervous system measures, we may be confused by the results obtained if there are Vascular Reactors, Cardiac Reactors and Mixed Reactors in participants' group at the same time.
Evaluation of Poly(Styrene‐4‐Sulfonate) as a Preventive Agent for Conception and Sexually Transmitted Diseases (2000)

A commercial preparation of a sodium polystyrene sulfonate (designated as N-PSS; its molecular weight is 500000 daltons) was tested as an inhibitor of sperm function and as a preventive agent for conception and the transmission of sexually transmitted diseases. The polymer is an irreversible inhibitor of hyaluronidase and acrosin; its IC50 values are 5.7 microg/mL and 0.5 microg/mL, for hyaluronidase and acrosin, respectively. N-PSS is also a stimulus of human sperm acrosomal loss. It produces maximal acrosomal loss at 2.5 microg/mL. Contraception in rabbits is nearly complete when rabbit spermatozoa are pretreated with 0.5 mg/mL of N-PSS before artificial insemination; however, N-PSS does not immobilize spermatozoa at concentrations as high as 50 mg/mL. N-PSS has broad spectrum antiviral and antibacterial activities. Infection by human immunodeficiency virus and herpes simplex virus are inhibited by N-PSS; 3-log reductions are produced by 7 microg/mL and 3 microg/mL, respectively. N-PSS is active against Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. At 1 mg/mL, N-PSS inhibits chlamydial infectivity by more than 90%. N-PSS produces a 3-log reduction in gonococcal growth at 15 microg/mL. In contrast, N-PSS (5 mg/mL) does not affect the growth of Lactobacillus (normal component of the vaginal flora). N-PSS can be classified as a noncytotoxic contraceptive antimicrobial agent. These properties justify bringing a polystyrene sulfonate into clinical trials for its evaluation as a preventive agent for conception and several sexually transmitted diseases.
Molybdenum incorporated mesoporous silica catalyst for production of biofuels and value-added chemicals via catalytic fast pyrolysis (2015)

Production of furans and phenols from biomass through catalytic fast pyrolysis of pine using Mo-supported KIT-5 mesoporous silica was explored.
Applications of Deep Learning for Smart Water Networks (2015)

Deep Learning (DL) is the state-of-art paradigm of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) computing. It is a new breakthrough in machine learning, and differentiates from the conventional or shallow learning algorithms by emulating the six-layer human neocortex, which is unique for human brain containing billions of interconnected neurons. Unlike canonical ANN, DL is capable of self-learning data features by mimicking the self-learning functions layer by layer in human cortex and creating a data-driven model with the given dataset. This paper reports the initial applications of deep learning for simulation, optimization and operation control of water distribution systems. It elaborates the development of efficient deep learning framework with potential applications of facilitating the data fusion, system simulation and predictive analysis, detection of abnormal events from the recorded time series data (pressures, flows and consumptions etc.), water usage prediction, construction of a meta-model as a surrogate to the physics-based models (hydraulic and water quality), and acceleration of the solution search for smart water distribution management, which aims at improving operation efficiency, reducing carbon footprint, and exceling customers’ expectation.
New simulation methodology for effects of radiation in semiconductor chip structures (2008)

New and effective modeling methodologies have been developed to simulate particle transport in arbitrarily complex back-end-of-line (BEOL) topologies of a semiconductor chip. They are applied to address a number of critical problems that involve the single-event-effect analysis of new device structures for 65-nm CMOS (complementary metal-oxide semiconductor) technologies and beyond. These new simulation techniques also provide a generic building block on which a new version of the IBM soft-error Monte Carlo model (SEMM-2) is constructed. In this paper, we review the basic concepts of this development and discuss some important applications.
Infrared Microspectroscopy III A Capillary Cell for Liquids*† (1952)

Apparatus and methods are described for the determination of infrared spectral absorption of solutions containing about 1 gamma (10−6 g) of solute. The absorption cell used is a piece of capillary tubing made of silver chloride with a central hole about 0.075 mm in diameter. The cells have lengths of 1 to 1.5 mm and are filled by means of a micropipette. A magnified image of the cell is then projected on the entrance slit of a spectrometer, and the spectral data are recorded. Results with typical organic compounds indicate that satisfactory spectral resolution may be obtained with this capillary cell.
Computational Tools for Evaluating Phylogenetic and Hierarchical\n Clustering Trees (2010)

Inferential summaries of tree estimates are useful in the setting of\nevolutionary biology, where phylogenetic trees have been built from DNA data\nsince the 1960's. In bioinformatics, psychometrics and data mining,\nhierarchical clustering techniques output the same mathematical objects, and\npractitioners have similar questions about the stability and `generalizability'\nof these summaries. This paper provides an implementation of the geometric\ndistance between trees developed by Billera, Holmes and Vogtmann (2001) [BHV]\nequally applicable to phylogenetic trees and hieirarchical clustering trees,\nand shows some of the applications in statistical inference for which this\ndistance can be useful. In particular, since BHV have shown that the space of\ntrees is negatively curved (a CAT(0) space), a natural representation of a\ncollection of trees is a tree. We compare this representation to the Euclidean\napproximations of treespace made available through Multidimensional Scaling of\nthe matrix of distances between trees. We also provide applications of the\ndistances between trees to hierarchical clustering trees constructed from\nmicroarrays. Our method gives a new way of evaluating the influence both of\ncertain columns (positions, variables or genes) and of certain rows (whether\nspecies, observations or arrays).\n
Processing 6 billion CDRs/day (2012)

A call detail record (CDR), is a data record produced by a telephone exchange or other telecommunications equipment documenting the details of a phone call that passed through the exchange or equipment. Telecommunications companies (or "telcos") use CDRs for purposes of billing, extracting business intelligence, fraud detection, etc. However, they face a Big Data challenge -- many telcos get billions of CDRs per day, and are unable to keep up with these data rates. In this paper, we describe a stream processing solution for processing CDRs that allows scaling the processing to handle 6 billion CDRs per day for a certain telco. We describe the stream processing application (running on the IBM InfoSphere Streams platform) that performs CDR mediation and analysis in real-time. We also describe various business and operational constraints and the legacy software ecosystem - seldom discussed in academic gatherings - that make the problem more challenging than originally meets the eye. The outcome of our work is a highly configurable and scalable CDR processing stream with several functional and performance capabilities that are a first for the telecommunication industry.
Liquid-crystal electric tuning of a photonic crystal laser (2004)

An electrically tuned nematic liquid-crystal (LC) infiltrated photonic crystal (PC) laser is demonstrated. This PC laser represents an emerging class of nanoscale optical adaptive devices enabled by the convergence of nonlinear optical materials, electronics, and fluidics that promise increased functionality and utility over existing technologies. A LC cell is constructed by encasing the PC laser between two indium tin oxide glass plates, which serve as the modulating electrodes. Applying a voltage across the cell realigns the LC, modifies the laser cavity’s optical path length, and blueshifts the lasing wavelength.