gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Analysis of the President's Budgetary Proposals for Fiscal Year 2010 (2009)

This Congressional Budget Office (CBO) analysis of the President's budgetary proposals for fiscal year 2005 was prepared at the request of the Senate Committee on Appropriations. The report updates CBO's preliminary analysis, which was released on February 27, 2004. That analysis incorporated estimates from the Joint Committee on Taxation that subsequently have been slightly revised. Those updated revenue estimates as well as other minor corrections are reflected in this report. The analysis was produced by the staffs of CBO's Budget Analysis, Macroeconomic Analysis, and Tax Analysis Divisions under the supervision of Robert Sunshine, Robert Dennis, and Thomas Woodward, respectively. The baseline revenue estimates and the estimates of certain revenue proposals were prepared by CBO; most of the estimates of the President's revenue proposals were prepared by the Joint Committee on Taxation. Chapters 1 and 2 are as follows: "CBO's Estimate of the President's Budget for Fiscal Year 2005 and "The Economy Under the President's Budget and Under CBO's Baseline Policy Assumptions. Appendixes A and B are as follows: "The Potential Economic Effects of Selected Proposals in the President's 2005 Budget" and "The Models Used to Analyze the Macroeconomic Effects of the President's Budget Over the Next Decade."
Phase behaviour and electro-optic characteristics of a polymer stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystal (1995)

Abstract The effects of adding a diacrylate monomer or its polymerized network to a ferroelectric liquid crystal have been characterized. The monomer lowers the temperatures of transition to the more ordered phases, whereas the polymer network phase separates into polymer rich and LC rich phases and has little effect on the LC phase behaviour. Ferroelectric polarization decreases comparably in both monomer and networked systems. As the network concentration increases, the size of LC domains decreases considerably. With low concentrations of polymer and, thus large LC domains, optical response and tilt angle remain fairly independent of polymer concentration, but as the polymer concentration increases, switching speed and tilt angle decrease dramatically. Polymerization rate maxima increase with monomer concentration until saturation of monomer in the liquid crystal is reached. The rate maxima then decrease as monomer must diffuse from monomer rich droplets. Double bond conversion during the polymerization is comparable for all monomer concentrations below 50 per cent.
Impact of Hospital Variables on Case Mix Index as a Marker of Disease Severity (2013)

Case mix index (CMI) has become a standard indicator of hospital disease severity in the United States and internationally. However, CMI was designed to calculate hospital payments, not to track disease severity, and is highly dependent on documentation and coding accuracy. The authors evaluated whether CMI varied by characteristics affecting hospitals' disease severity (eg, trauma center or not). The authors also evaluated whether CMI was lower at public hospitals than private hospitals, given the diminished financial resources to support documentation enhancement at public hospitals. CMI data for a 14-year period from a large public database were analyzed longitudinally and cross-sectionally to define the impact of hospital variables on average CMI within and across hospital groups. Between 1996 and 2007, average CMI declined by 0.4% for public hospitals, while rising significantly for private for-profit (14%) and nonprofit (6%) hospitals. After the introduction of the Medicare Severity Diagnosis Related Group (MS-DRG) system in 2007, average CMI increased for all 3 hospital types but remained lowest in public vs. private for-profit or nonprofit hospitals (1.05 vs. 1.25 vs. 1.20; P &lt;0.0001). By multivariate analysis, teaching hospitals, level 1 trauma centers, and larger hospitals had higher average CMI, consistent with a marker of disease severity, but only for private hospitals. Public hospitals had lower CMI across all subgroups. Although CMI had some characteristics of a disease severity marker, it was lower across all strata for public hospitals. Hence, caution is warranted when using CMI to adjust for disease severity across public vs. private hospitals. ( Population Health Management 2014;17:28–34)
WHO Trial Registration Data Set (TRDS) Extension for Traditional Chinese Medicine 2020: Recommendations, Explanation, and Elaboration (2020)

Abstract Background: Although the WHO Trial Registration Data Set (TRDS) has been published for many years, the quality of clinical trial registrations with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is still not satisfactory, especially about the inadequate reporting on TCM interventions. The development of the WHO TRDS for TCM Extension 2020 (WHO TRDS-TCM 2020) aims to address this inadequacy. Methods: A group of clinical experts, methodologists, epidemiologists, and editors has developed this WHO TRDS-TCM 2020 through a comprehensive process, including the baseline survey, draft of the initial items, three-round of Delphi survey, solicitation of comments, revision, and finalization. Results: The WHO TRDS-TCM 2020 statement extends the latest version (V.1.3.1) of TRDS published in November 2017. The checklist includes 11 extended items (including subitems), namely Source(s) of Monetary or Material Support (Item 4), Scientific Title (Item 10a and 10b), Countries of Recruitment (Item 11), Health Condition(s) or Problem(s) Studied (Item 12), Intervention(s) (Item 13a, 13b and 13c), Key Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria (Item 14), Primary and Key Secondary Outcomes (Item 19 to 20), and Lay Summary (Item B1). For Item 13 (Interventions), three common TCM interventions--i.e., Chinese herbal medicine formulas, acupuncture and moxibustion—are elaborated. Conclusions: The group hopes that the WHO TRDS-TCM 2020 can improve the reporting quality and transparency of TCM trial registrations, assist registries in assessing the registration quality of TCM trials, and help readers understand TCM trial design. Trial registration: Not applicable.
Bi-Modal Transfer Learning for Classifying Breast Cancers via Combined B-Mode and Ultrasound Strain Imaging (2021)

Although accurate detection of breast cancer still poses significant challenges, deep learning (DL) can support more accurate image interpretation. In this study, we develop a highly robust DL model based on combined B-mode ultrasound (B-mode) and strain elastography ultrasound (SE) images for classifying benign and malignant breast tumors. This study retrospectively included 85 patients, including 42 with benign lesions and 43 with malignancies, all confirmed by biopsy. Two deep neural network models, AlexNet and ResNet, were separately trained on combined 205 B-mode and 205 SE images (80% for training and 20% for validation) from 67 patients with benign and malignant lesions. These two models were then configured to work as an ensemble using both image-wise and layer-wise and tested on a dataset of 56 images from the remaining 18 patients. The ensemble model captures the diverse features present in the B-mode and SE images and also combines semantic features from AlexNet and ResNet models to classify the benign from the malignant tumors. The experimental results demonstrate that the accuracy of the proposed ensemble model is 90%, which is better than the individual models and the model trained using B-mode or SE images alone. Moreover, some patients that were misclassified by the traditional methods were correctly classified by the proposed ensemble method. The proposed ensemble DL model will enable radiologists to achieve superior detection efficiency owing to enhance classification accuracy for breast cancers in ultrasound (US) images.
AVO calibration using borehole data (1995)

AVO analysis of surface seismic data has become a widely used technique in recent years. lts success has varied greatly and the use of log data to model anticipated AVO anomalies has not always succeeded in explaining the AVO response observed on CMP gathers.
Thermal rearrangement of harunganin and allylations of some compounds from Harungana madagascariensis (2006)

The thermal rearrangement of harunganin (1), a major constituent of Harungana madagascariensis, was investigated. The rearranged products are mostly found as natural constituents in this plant. In addition, allylations of some anthranoids including harunganin (1), harongin anthrone (8), harunganol B (9), kenganthranol A (10) and 1,7-dihydroxyxanthone ( The chelated phenolic hydroxyl groups were not allylated under theses conditions. Harongin anthrone (8) and harunganol B (9) gave the O-and C-bisallylation products 11 and 12, respectively.
Fabrication of an a-Se based photodetector driven by nitrogen-doped CVD diamond (2006)

The fabrication of a diode-structured photodetector with tellurium (Te) doped amorphous selenium (a-Se) film as a photoconducting target, and nitrogen (N) doped diamond as a cold cathode was presented in this paper. The emission current of the device under different illuminance were measured. It was confirmed in this study that under the diode-structure mechanism, the difference between surface voltage V/sub S/ and anode voltage V/sub A/ would inevitably occur and a photodetector should have triode-structure which can control the extraction voltage and the surface potential individually.
Correction: Corrigendum: Surface modification of nanoparticles enables selective evasion of phagocytic clearance by distinct macrophage phenotypes (2016)

Scientific Reports 6: Article number: 26269; published online: 19 May 2016; updated: 01 August 2016 In this Article, Wen Jiang is incorrectly affiliated with: Department of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville FL, 32224, USA. The correct affiliationis listed below:
Integrating scFv into xMAP Assays for the Detection of Marine Toxins (2016)

Marine toxins, such as saxitoxin and domoic acid are associated with algae blooms and can bioaccumulate in shell fish which present both health and economic concerns. The ability to detect the presence of toxin is paramount for the administration of the correct supportive care in case of intoxication; environmental monitoring to detect the presence of toxin is also important for prevention of intoxication. Immunoassays are one tool that has successfully been applied to the detection of marine toxins. Herein, we had the variable regions of two saxitoxin binding monoclonal antibodies sequenced and used the information to produce recombinant constructs that consist of linked heavy and light variable domains that make up the binding domains of the antibodies (scFv). Recombinantly produced binding elements such as scFv provide an alternative to traditional antibodies and serve to "preserve" monoclonal antibodies as they can be easily recreated from their sequence data. In this paper, we combined the anti-saxitoxin scFv developed here with a previously developed anti-domoic acid scFv and demonstrated their utility in a microsphere-based competitive immunoassay format. In addition to detection in buffer, we demonstrated equivalent sensitivity in oyster and scallop matrices. The potential for multiplexed detection using scFvs in this immunoassay format is demonstrated.
MICROGEIGER: A MICROMACHINED GAS-BASED BETA RADIATION DETECTOR (2004)

This paper reports a micromachined Geiger counter fabricated from a glass-Si-glass stack of wafers. As a beta particle passes through, a bias applied between two enclosed electrodes generates electron cascades in the gas between them. This results in a current pulse or "count". A single die of 2 cm 2 had 6 independent chambers ranging in size from 8X 8 mm to 1X 3 mm. He, Ne, and a He/air mixture, which have different voltage bias requirements, are separately evaluated as background gases. Counting rates are lower in a Ne background gas than in He, but Ne is more suitable for packaging. In tests the device was found to detect incident beta particles from a Uranium-238 source. Counting rates of up to 22 counts/min were measured. As with conventional Geiger counters, the rates varied inversely with distance from the source. The microGeiger was tested with pure He and Ne background gas with 90 Sr, 60 Co, and 204 Tl, all beta emitting isotopes. Rates up to 24 counts/min. were measured.
Analysis of bacteria associated with honeys of different geographical and botanical origin using two different identification approaches: MALDI-TOF MS and 16S rDNA PCR technique (2019)

In the presented work identification of microorganisms isolated from various types of honeys was performed. Martix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and 16S rDNA sequencing were applied to study environmental bacteria strains.With both approches, problematic spore-forming Bacillus spp, but also Staphylococcus spp., Lysinibacillus spp., Micrococcus spp. and Brevibacillus spp were identified. However, application of spectrometric technique allows for an unambiguous distinction between species/species groups e.g.B. subtilis or B. cereus groups. MALDI TOF MS and 16S rDNA sequencing allow for construction of phyloproteomic and phylogenetic trees of identified bacterial species. Furthermore, the correlation beetween physicochemical properties, geographical and botanical origin and the presence bacterial species in honey samples were investigated.
Photoinduced Electron Transfer on Aqueous Carbon Nanohorn–Pyrene–Tetrathiafulvalene Architectures (2007)

Water-soluble carbon-nanohorn-tetrathiafulvalene (CNH-TTF) nanoensembles were prepared by utilizing positively charged pyrene as an assembly medium and characterized by spectroscopy and electron microscopy. Electronic interactions within the nanoensemble were probed by optical spectroscopy, indicating electron transfer between the TTF units and CNHs after light illumination.
P‐203: Lens‐shiftable DLP™ Projector using Nontelecentric System (2006)

Abstract We have developed a lens‐shiftable front projector of DLP™ system adopting a nontelecentric system that uses no prisms. The f‐number of projection lens was composed smaller than the f‐number of illumination optical system, and that, a fixed aperture was provided on the incidence side of the projection lens. This arrangement allowed us to realize a bright and high‐contrast optical system with a compact structure.
Trends in automotive embedded systems (2012)

Automotive embedded systems have developed from single controllers to networked embedded systems integrating an ever growing variety of distributed applications. New features for driving assistance, improved safety, motor and energy management, and infotainment lead to shorter innovation cycles for software architectures, network technologies, and hardware architectures. While, e.g., the new FlexRay bus standard has just been introduced, next generation Ethernet is already at the edge of introduction. The 4 talks in this session present OEM, 1st tier supplier and semiconductor vendor views from leading automotive companies and suppliers
Multi-contact quantum dot superluminescent diodes for optical coherence tomography (2008)

This paper details the development of broadband sources at 1050 nm for optical coherence tomography applications. The careful
optimization of the current supplied to different sections of a multi-contact device allows both high power and broadband CW
emission to be obtained.
Data from Reg4 Interacts with CD44 to Regulate Proliferation and Stemness of Colorectal and Pancreatic Cancer Cells (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Regenerating Gene 4 (Reg4) is highly upregulated in gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies including colorectal and pancreatic cancers. Numerous studies demonstrated an association between higher Reg4 expression and tumor aggressiveness, intrinsic resistance to apoptotic death, and poor outcomes from GI malignancies. However, the precise receptor and underlying signaling mechanism have remained unknown. Although we previously reported a Reg4-mediated induction of EGFR activity in colorectal cancer cells, a direct interaction between Reg4 and EGFR was not observed. This study is focused on identifying the cell surface binding partner of Reg4 and dissecting its role in colorectal cancer and pancreatic cancer growth and stem cell survival. &lt;i&gt;In vitro&lt;/i&gt; models of human colorectal cancer and pancreatic cancer were used to evaluate the results. Results of this study find: (i) Reg4 interacts with CD44, a transmembrane protein expressed by a population of colorectal cancer and pancreatic cancer cells; (ii) Reg4 activates regulated intramembrane proteolysis of CD44 resulting in γ-secretase–mediated cleavage and release of the CD44 intracytoplasmic domain (CD44ICD) that functions as a transcriptional activator of D-type cyclins involved in the regulation of cancer cell proliferation and Klf4 and Sox2 expression involved in regulating pluripotency of cancer stem cells; and (iii) Reg4 significantly increases colorectal cancer and pancreatic cancer cell proliferation and their clonogenic potential in stem cell assays.&lt;/p&gt;Implications:&lt;p&gt;These results suggest that pro-proliferative and pro-stemness effects of Reg4 are mediated through γ-secretase–mediated CD44/CD44ICD signaling, hence strategies to disrupt Reg4-CD44-γ-secretase-CD44ICD signaling axis may increase cancer cell susceptibility to chemo- and radiotherapeutics.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
VHDL-AMS modeling of an UWB link radio including antennas (2007)

International audience
Electronic structure of trans-dioxorhenium(VI) (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectronic structure of trans-dioxorhenium(VI)John C. Brewer, H. Holden Thorp, Kirby M. Slagle, Gary W. Brudvig, and Harry B. GrayCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 8, 3171–3173Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00008a055https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00008a055research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views162Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Cryo-EM structure of the human L-type amino acid transporter 1 in complex with glycoprotein CD98hc (2019)

Summary The L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) transports large neutral amino acids and drugs across the plasma membrane and is crucial for nutrient uptake, brain drug delivery and tumor growth. LAT1 is a unique solute carrier that forms a disulfide-linked heterodimer with the cell-surface glycoprotein CD98 heavy chain (CD98hc), but the mechanisms of its molecular assembly and amino acid transport are poorly understood. Here we report the cryo-EM structure of the human LAT1-CD98hc heterodimer at 3.4 Å resolution, revealing the hitherto unprecedented architecture of a solute carrier-glycoprotein heterocomplex. LAT1 features a canonical LeuT-fold while exhibiting an unusual loop structure on transmembrane helix 6, creating an extended cavity to accommodate bulky hydrophobic amino acids and drugs. CD98hc engages with LAT1 through multiple interactions, not only in the extracellular and transmembrane domains but also in the interdomain linker. The heterodimer interface features multiple sterol molecules, corroborating previous biochemical data on the role of cholesterols in heterodimer stabilization. We also visualized the binding modes of two anti-CD98 antibodies and show that they recognize distinct, multiple epitopes on CD98hc but not its glycans, explaining their robust reactivities despite the glycan heterogeneity. Furthermore, we mapped disease-causing mutations onto the structure and homology models, which rationalized some of the phenotypes of SLC3- and SLC7-related congenital disorders. Together, these results shed light on the principles of the structural assembly between a glycoprotein and a solute carrier, and provide a template for improving preclinical drugs and therapeutic antibodies targeting LAT1 and CD98.
Education for All : The Cost of Accessibility (2005)

The goal of Education for All (EFA) is to provide universal access to primary education throughout the world. To accomplish this goal, as many as 10 million classrooms will be built in developing countries by 2015. A key objective of the program is to ensure that no child is denied access to education because of disability. Access to all schools is necessary to ensure that children with disabilities can participate independently in a mainstreamed environment since most villages will have only one school building. The related construction costs, if any, are not a barrier to providing access and are insignificant when compared to the benefits. Children who are educated with their peers have greater opportunities to become productive members of their societies and be more integrated socially in their communities.
Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia (2017)

The retina offers a unique “window” to study pathophysiological processes of dementia in the brain, as it is an extension of the central nervous system (CNS) and shares prominent similarities with the brain in terms of embryological origin, anatomical features and physiological properties. The vascular and neuronal structure in the retina can now be visualized easily and non-invasively using retinal imaging techniques, including fundus photography and optical coherence tomography (OCT), and quantified semi-automatically using computer-assisted analysis programs. Studying the associations between vascular and neuronal changes in the retina and dementia could improve our understanding of dementia and, potentially, aid in diagnosis and risk assessment. This protocol aims to describe a method of quantifying and analyzing retinal vasculature and neuronal structure, which are potentially associated with dementia. This protocol also provides examples of retinal changes in subjects with dementia, and discusses technical issues and current limitations of retinal imaging.