gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Everyday ethics (2007)

THIS series gives readers the opportunity to consider and contribute to the discussion of some of the ethical dilemmas that can arise in veterinary practice. Each month, a case scenario is presented, followed by discussion of some of the issues involved. In addition, a possible way forward is suggested; however, there is rarely a cut‐and‐dried answer in such cases, and readers may wish to suggest an alternative approach. Readers who wish to contribute to the discussion of this month's dilemma, entitled ‘Injured greyhound’, should send their comments as soon as possible, so that they can be considered for publication in the next issue. A response to the ‘Neuter or just treat?’ dilemma, which was published in the last issue, appears on page 119. This series is being coordinated by Siobhan Mullan, of the University of Bristol. It is hoped it will provide a framework that will help practices find solutions when facing similar dilemmas. This month's dilemma is presented and discussed by Michael Watts.
Three dimensional simulation on the transport and quantum efficiency of UVC-LEDs with random alloy fluctuations (2018)

The active regions of ultraviolet light emitting diodes (UVLEDs) for UVB and ultra-violet band C wavelengths are composed of AlGaN alloy quantum barriers (QBs) and quantum wells (QWs). The use of alloy QBs and QWs facilitates the formation of percolative paths for carrier injection but also decreases carrier confinement within the QWs. We applied the recently developed Localization Landscape (LL) theory for a full 3D simulation of the LEDs. LL theory describes the effective quantum potential of the quantum states for electrons and holes in a random disordered system with a high computational speed. The results show that the potential fluctuations in the n-AlGaN buffer layer, QWs, and QBs provide percolative paths for carrier injection into the top (p-side) QW. Several properties due to compositional disorder are observed: (1) The peak internal quantum efficiency is larger when disorder is present, due to carrier localization, than for a simulation without fluctuations. (2) The droop is larger mainly due to poor hole injection and weaker blocking ability of the electron blocking layer caused by the fluctuating potentials. (3) Carriers are less confined in the QW and extend into the QBs due to the alloy potential fluctuations. The wave function extension into the QBs enhances TM emission as shown from a k·p simulation of wave-functions admixture, which should then lead to poor light extraction.
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Tetrahydroisoquinoline-Based Histone Deacetylase 8 Selective Inhibitors (2017)

Histone deacetylase 8 (HDAC8) is a promising drug target for multiple therapeutic applications. Here, we describe the modeling, design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a novel series of C1-substituted tetrahydroisoquinoline (TIQ)-based HDAC8 inhibitors. Minimization of entropic loss upon ligand binding and use of the unique HDAC8 "open" conformation of the binding site yielded a successful strategy for improvement of both HDAC8 potency and selectivity. The TIQ-based <b>3g</b> and <b>3n</b> exhibited the highest 82 and 55 nM HDAC8 potency and 330- and 135-fold selectivity over HDAC1, respectively. Selectivity over other class I isoforms was comparable or better, whereas inhibition of HDAC6, a class II HDAC isoform, was below 50% at 10 μM. The cytotoxicity of <b>3g</b> and <b>3n</b> was evaluated in neuroblastoma cell lines, and <b>3n</b> displayed concentration-dependent cytotoxicity similar to or better than that of PCI-34051. The selectivity of <b>3g</b> and <b>3n</b> was confirmed in SH-SY5Y cells as both did not increase the acetylation of histone H3 and α-tubulin. Discovery of the novel TIQ chemotype paves the way for the development of HDAC8 selective inhibitors for therapeutic applications.
Privacy, Security and Trust Issues Arising from Cloud Computing (2010)

Cloud computing is an emerging paradigm for large scale infrastructures. It has the advantage of reducing cost by sharing computing and storage resources, combined with an on-demand provisioning mechanism relying on a pay-per-use business model. These new features have a direct impact on the budgeting of IT budgeting but also affect traditional security, trust and privacy mechanisms. Many of these mechanisms are no longer adequate, but need to be rethought to fit this new paradigm. In this paper we assess how security, trust and privacy issues occur in the context of cloud computing and discuss ways in which they may be addressed.
A bioluminescent HL‐60 cell line to assay anti‐leukaemia therapeutics under physiological conditions (2007)

Screens for compounds and proteins with anti-cancer activity employ viability assays using relevant cancer cell lines. For leukaemia studies, the human leukaemia cell line, HL-60, is often used as a model system. To facilitate the discovery and investigation of anti-leukaemia therapeutics under physiological conditions, we have engineered HL-60 cells that stably express firefly luciferase and produce light that can be detected using an in vivo imaging system (IVIS). Bioluminescent HL-60luc cells could be rapidly detected in whole blood with a sensitivity of approximately 1000 viable cells/200 microl blood. Treatment of HL-60luc cells with the drug chlorambucil revealed that the bioluminescent viability assay is able to detect cell death earlier than the Trypan blue dye exclusion assay. HL-60luc cells administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) or intravenously (i.v.) were visualized in living mice. The rapidity and ease of detecting HL-60luc cells in biological fluid indicates that this cell line could be used in high-throughput screens for the identification of drugs with anti-leukaemia activity under physiological conditions.
Ultra stable coupled optoelectronic oscillator based on slab-coupled optical waveguide amplifier (2008)

We built an ultra stable coupled optoelectronic oscillator using a slab coupled optical waveguide amplifier, generating pulses at 10.24 GHz with a repetition rate drift of only 513 Hz in 10 minutes without active stabilization.
Determinants of Rotavirus Transmission (2017)

Rotavirus is a common viral infection among young children. As in many countries, the infection dynamics of rotavirus in the Netherlands are characterized by an annual winter peak, which was notably low in 2014. Previous study suggested an association between weather factors and both rotavirus transmission and incidence. From epidemic theory, we know that the proportion of susceptible individuals can affect disease transmission. We investigated how these factors are associated with rotavirus transmission in the Netherlands, and their impact on rotavirus transmission in 2014. We used available data on birth rates and rotavirus laboratory reports to estimate rotavirus transmission and the proportion of individuals susceptible to primary infection. Weather data were directly available from a central meteorological station. We developed an approach for detecting determinants of seasonal rotavirus transmission by assessing nonlinear, delayed associations between each factor and rotavirus transmission. We explored relationships by applying a distributed lag nonlinear regression model with seasonal terms. We corrected for residual serial correlation using autoregressive moving average errors. We inferred the relationship between different factors and the effective reproduction number from the most parsimonious model with low residual autocorrelation. Higher proportions of susceptible individuals and lower temperatures were associated with increases in rotavirus transmission. For 2014, our findings suggest that relatively mild temperatures combined with the low proportion of susceptible individuals contributed to lower rotavirus transmission in the Netherlands. However, our model, which overestimated the magnitude of the peak, suggested that other factors were likely instrumental in reducing the incidence that year.
Pd-Loaded Cellulose NanoSponge as a Heterogeneous Catalyst for Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling Reactions (2022)

The (eco)design and synthesis of durable heterogeneous catalysts starting from renewable sources derived from biomass waste represents an important step for reducing environmental impacts of organic transformations. Herein, we report the efficient loading of Pd(II) ions on an eco-safe cellulose-based organic support (CNS), obtained by thermal cross-linking between TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers and branched polyethyleneimine in the presence of citric acid. A 22.7% <i>w</i>/<i>w</i> Pd-loading on CNS was determined by the ICP-OES technique, while the metal distribution on the xerogel was evidenced by SEM-EDS analysis. XPS analysis confirmed the direct chelation of Pd(II) ions by means of the high number of amino groups present in the network, so that further functionalization of the support with specific ligands was not necessary. The new composite turned to be an efficient heterogeneous pre-catalyst for promoting Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions between aryl halides and phenyl boronic acid in water, obtaining yields higher than 90% in 30 min, by operating in a microwave reactor at 100 °C and with just 2% <i>w</i>/<i>w</i> of CNS-Pd catalyst with respect to aryl halides (4.5‱ for Pd). At the end of first reaction cycle, Pd(II) ions on the support resulted in being reduced to Pd(0) while maintaining the same catalytic efficiency. In fact, no leaching was observed at the end of reactions, and five cycles of recycling and reusing of CNS-Pd catalyst provided excellent results in terms of yields and selectivity in the desired products.
Modern MALDI time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (2009)

This paper focuses on development of time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry in response to the invention of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI). Before this breakthrough ionization technique for nonvolatile molecules, TOF was generally considered as a useful tool for exotic studies of ion properties but was not widely applied to analytical problems. Improved TOF instruments and software that allow the full potential power of MALDI to be applied to difficult biological applications are described. A theoretical approach to the design and optimization of MALDI-TOF instruments for particular applications is presented. Experimental data are provided that are in excellent agreement with theoretical predictions of resolving power and mass accuracy. Data on sensitivity and dynamic range using kilohertz laser rates are also summarized. These results indicate that combinations of high-performance MALDI-TOF and TOF-TOF with off-line high-capacity separations may ultimately provide throughput and dynamic range several orders of magnitude greater than those currently available with electrospray LC-MS and MS-MS.
Ultrafast graded double-heterostructure GaInAs/InP photodiode (1991)

Ultrafast graded double-heterostructure GaInAs/InP p-i-n photodiodes grown by gas source molecular beam epitaxy have been fabricated on an InP semi-insulating substrate. The graded band-gap layers and the double heterostructure reduce carrier trapping effects and diffusion current and the resulting response of a 5 μm×5 μm device was measured by electro-optic sampling to be 5 ps full width at half maximum (FWHM). The deconvolved impulse response is 3.8 ps FWHM.
Analysis of twin defects in GaAs(111)B molecular beam epitaxy growth (2000)

The formation of twin is common during GaAs(111) and GaN(0001) molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) metalorganic chemical vapor deposition growth. A stacking fault in the zinc-blende (ZB)(111) direction can be described as an insertion of one monolayer of wurtzite structure, sandwiched between two ZB structures that have been rotated 60° along the growth direction. GaAs(111)A/B MBE growth within typical growth temperature regimes is complicated by the formation of pyramidal structures and 60° rotated twins, which are caused by faceting and stacking fault formation. Although previous studies have revealed much about the structure of these twins, a well-established simple nondestructive characterization method which allows the measurement of total aerial density of the twins does not exist at present. In this article, the twin density of AlGaAs layers grown on 1° miscut GaAs(111)B substrates has been measured using high resolution x-ray diffraction, and characterized with a combination of Nomarski microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. These comparisons permit the relationship between the aerial twin density and the growth condition to be determined quantitatively.
Identification of different specificity requirements between SGK1 and PKBα (2005)

NDRG1 is phosphorylated by SGK1 (but not PKB) in vivo at three residues each contained within three nonapeptide repeats. Here, we demonstrate that this nonapeptide, like the NDRG1 protein, is phosphorylated by SGK1, but not by PKBalpha or RSK1 in vitro. The inability of PKBalpha and RSK1 to phosphorylate the nonapeptide was traced to residues n+1, n+2 and n-4 (where n is the phosphorylation site). Changing them from Ser, Glu and Ser to Phe, Ala and Pro, respectively, transformed the nonapeptide into an excellent substrate for PKBalpha and RSK1. Our results identify a specific substrate for SGK1 and may facilitate detection of additional physiological substrates for this enzyme.
Optical Characterization of the Sandia Fog Facility. (2018)

Abstract not provided.
High-performance FFT processing using reconfigurable logic (2001)

The fast Fourier transform (FFT) and its inverse (IFFT) are two of the most widely used building blocks in digital signal processing designs. A novel structure for a radix-4 type FFT is proposed which can process frames of 16-bit complex samples at a rate of one output sample per 100 MHz clock cycle, thus performing a 1024-point transform in approximately 10 /spl mu/s. The dedicated, parallel multiplier and distributed block memory features of the Virtex/sup /spl reg//-II FPGA family provide the designer with a single chip solution where external components such as memory are not required.
Flavonoids from the Root and Stem of Sophora tomentosa. (1998)

From the root and the stem of Sophora tomentosa, five new flavonoids, tomentosanols A-E, were isolated in addition to 15 known flavonoids. The structures were determined by spectral analysis including 2D-NMR techniques.
Development of A Multi-function High Precision Tabletop CNC Machine for Making Micro Parts(Advanced machine tool) (2005)

In this paper a multi-function high precision tabletop CNC machine for making micro parts is developed. All the needed machining processes can be carried out on the same machine without unloading, reloading and readjusting the workpiece for subsequent processes. Currently the functions of micro high speed milling, micro-EDM, micro wire-EDM, and micro on-line measurement have been accomplished and tested. A dual-spindle is designed for micro CNC milling, microelectrode fabrication and micro-EDM. A novel mechanism that allows versatile cutting by a 20μm diameter wire is designed for micro wire-EDM. Various micro parts and high aspect ratio microstructure are successfully fabricated. Furthermore, based on the "short-circuit principle" an on-line micro part measuring system is developed and implemented.
Multispectral image enhancement for effective visualization (2011)

Color enhancement of multispectral images is useful to visualize the image's spectral features. Previously, a color enhancement method, which enhances the feature of a specified spectral band without changing the average color distribution, was proposed. However, sometimes the enhanced features are indiscernible or invisible, especially when the enhanced spectrum lies outside the visible range. In this paper, we extended the conventional method for more effective visualization of the spectral features both in visible range and non-visible range. In the proposed method, the user specifies both the spectral band for extracting the spectral feature and the color for visualization respectively, so that the spectral feature is enhanced with arbitrary color. The proposed color enhancement method was applied to different types of multispectral images where its effectiveness to visualize spectral features was verified.
Digital Representation of Waveforms (2002)

This chapter contains sections titled: Analog and Digital Access Instantaneous Quantization Non-uniform Quantizers Adaptive Quantization Differential Coding (DPCM) Delta Modulation Coding by Modeling Vector Quantization (VQ) Other Coding Techniques Source Coding Speech and Audio Standards Bibliography
Lasers solutions for wafer and thin‐film annealing (2008)

Abstract The application of lasers for the annealing of wafer‐based and thin‐film microelectronic devices is steadily increasing. Excellent control of material characteristics (for example, dopant activation profile) can be achieved through proper selection of laser parameters, such as wavelength, pulse duration and fluence. In this paper, we present recent results achieved with our industrial lasers and tailored optical systems used for annealing and activation. Such systems include Excimer Lasers, q‐switched DPSS Lasers and our unique high‐power CW laser system that delivers scalable output power of multiple hundreds of Watts in the visible wavelength range. One focus is the formation of ultra‐shallow Source/Drain junctions for CMOS nodes below 90 nm. We will present results from Excimer Laser Annealing (ELA) that show high dopant activation, exact control over the junction depth and efficient implant damage removal. Another application is power MOSFET, where a laser source is utilized for dopant activation and damage healing over micron depths. The choice of wavelength (i.e. green) with adequate interaction time leads to an optimized activation profile. The use of single laser pulses, pulse trains or continuous irradiation leads to the preferred annealing result. Crystallization of thin films is another large domain for laser annealing equipment. We will present selected results from silicon thin‐film annealing, which is commonly used in the Flat Panel Display industry. The applicability of these technologies beyond displays into electronics and photo‐voltaic applications is also shown. In addition, descriptions are provided of experimental results and simulations of laser sources and optical systems that enable variation of the temperature profile within the irradiated materials and offer the scalability and maturity as demanded by the semiconductor industry. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
NMR-Derived Solution Conformations of a Hybrid Synthetic Peptide Containing Multiple Epitopes of Envelope Protein gp120 from the RF Strain of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (1994)

Solution conformations of a 40-residue hybrid peptide containing T-helper epitopes and B-cell determinants from envelope glycoprotein gp120 of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have been investigated with NMR. Peptides of this general design are highly immunogenic and induce HIV-neutralizing antibodies and T-lymphocyte responses. The 16-residue N-terminal segment of the peptide contains a T-helper epitope, while the 24-residue C-terminal segment is derived from the V3 loop of HIV strain RF and contains epitopes that elicit neutralizing antibodies as well as T-cell responses. On the basis of 2D proton NMR spectra (COSY, TOCSY, and NOESY) of the peptide in aqueous solution, the resonances of nearly all hydrogens are assigned. The peptide is largely disordered, but specific medium-range NOEs demonstrate conformational preferences in certain regions. Part of the N-terminal segment exhibits nascent helical conformation, consistent with a finding that many T-cell antigens can be modeled as amphipathic helices. In the V3-derived segment of the peptide, one region shows evidence of a tight turn conformation, corresponding to a turn found previously in V3 peptides of HIV strains MN and IIIB. Other conformational features are also detected in the V3 region, such as a stretch of beta strand and a kink that may arise from side-chain interactions.
Evolutionarily conserved recognition and innate immunity to fungal pathogens by the scavenger receptors SCARF1 and CD36 (2009)

Receptors involved in innate immunity to fungal pathogens have not been fully elucidated. We show that the Caenorhabditis elegans receptors CED-1 and C03F11.3, and their mammalian orthologues, the scavenger receptors SCARF1 and CD36, mediate host defense against two prototypic fungal pathogens, Cryptococcus neoformans and Candida albicans. CED-1 and C03F11.1 mediated antimicrobial peptide production and were necessary for nematode survival after C. neoformans infection. SCARF1 and CD36 mediated cytokine production and were required for macrophage binding to C. neoformans, and control of the infection in mice. Binding of these pathogens to SCARF1 and CD36 was beta-glucan dependent. Thus, CED-1/SCARF1 and C03F11.3/CD36 are beta-glucan binding receptors and define an evolutionarily conserved pathway for the innate sensing of fungal pathogens.
Operative Management of Scheuermannʼs Kyphosis in 78 Patients (2007)

This is one of the largest reported series of Scheuermann's kyphosis treated operatively to our knowledge. A high rate of junctional kyphosis, especially at the proximal end, is associated with surgery for Scheuermann's kyphosis using current techniques. Proximal junctional kyphosis is associated with higher magnitude of kyphosis at follow-up, less percent correction; its magnitude correlated directly with pelvic incidence. Loss of correction is less in patients undergoing combined anteroposterior surgery. Pelvic incidence correlates directly with lordosis but not kyphosis, suggesting that these parameters are not causative of Scheuermann's kyphosis.
Methods for making nucleotide probes for sequencing and synthesis (2023)

Compositions and methods for making a plurality of probes for analyzing a plurality of nucleic acid samples are provided. Compositions and methods for analyzing a plurality of nucleic acid samples to obtain sequence information in each nucleic acid sample are also provided.
A 128x128, 34&#x3BC;m pitch, 8.9mW, 190mK NETD, TECless Uncooled IR bolometer image sensor with column-wise processing (2017)

In this paper, a 128x128, 34&#x3BC;m pixel-pitch, room temperature infrared image sensor and processor is presented. With a measured power consumption of 8.9mW (540&#x3BC;W / pixel) in full operating mode (image acquisition and data processing), the sensor exhibit a Noise Equivalent Temperature Difference (NETD) of 190mK at room temperature and doesn't require a Thermo-Electric Cooler (TEC). The circuit also features a novel &#x2211;&#x394; Analogue to Digital Conversion architecture, 12 frames of Built-in SRAM and 128 column-wise full-custom processors that target a broad range of applications such as 2-points corrected IR camera or feature extraction for privacy-compliant presence detection, localization and counting. Built-in analogue and digital pixel-level offset pre-correction improves operability and manufacturing yields thus pushing bolometers IR technology one step forward towards high-end applications for consumer market.
Pharmacokinetics, dosimetry and toxicity of rhenium-188-labeled anti-carcinoembryonic antigen monoclonal antibody, MN-14, in gastrointestinal cancer. (1998)

Despite its relatively increased renal and hepatic uptake, red marrow suppression is the only DLT of 188Re-MN-14. The feasibility of administering relatively high doses of 188Re on a completely outpatient basis may make this agent a preferred candidate for radioimmunotherapy.