gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A new method to distinguish hadronically decaying boosted Z bosons from W bosons using the ATLAS detector (2016)

The distribution of particles inside hadronic jets produced in the decay of boosted <i>W</i> and <i>Z</i> bosons can be used to discriminate such jets from the continuum background. Given that a jet has been identified as likely resulting from the hadronic decay of a boosted <i>W</i> or <i>Z</i> boson, this paper presents a technique for further differentiating <i>Z</i> bosons from <i>W</i> bosons. The variables used are jet mass, jet charge, and a <i>b</i>-tagging discriminant. A likelihood tagger is constructed from these variables and tested in the simulation of [Formula: see text] for bosons in the transverse momentum range 200 GeV [Formula: see text] 400 GeV in [Formula: see text] TeV <i>pp</i> collisions with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. For <i>Z</i>-boson tagging efficiencies of [Formula: see text], 50, and [Formula: see text], one can achieve [Formula: see text]-boson tagging rejection factors ([Formula: see text]) of 1.7, 8.3 and 1000, respectively. It is not possible to measure these efficiencies in the data due to the lack of a pure sample of high [Formula: see text], hadronically decaying <i>Z</i> bosons. However, the modelling of the tagger inputs for boosted <i>W</i> bosons is studied in data using a [Formula: see text]-enriched sample of events in 20.3 fb[Formula: see text] of data at [Formula: see text] TeV. The inputs are well modelled within uncertainties, which builds confidence in the expected tagger performance.
Application of CRISPR Interference (CRISPRi) for Gene Silencing in Pathogenic Species of <em>Leptospira</em> (2021)

Leptospirosis is a global neglected zoonosis, responsible for at least 1 million cases per year and almost 60 thousand deaths. The disease is caused by pathogenic and virulent bacteria of the genus Leptospira, either by direct contact with the bacteria or indirectly by exposure to contaminated water or soil. Domestic and wild animals act as reservoir hosts of infection, shedding leptospires from colonized renal tubules of the kidney, via urine, into the environment. The generation of mutant strains of Leptospira is critical to evaluate and understand pathogenic mechanisms of infection. CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) has proven to be a straightforward, affordable, and specific tool for gene silencing in pathogenic Leptospira. Therefore, the methodological details of obtaining the plasmid constructs containing both dCas9 and guide RNA, delivery of plasmids to Leptospira by conjugation with the E. coli strain β2163, and transconjugant recovery and evaluation, will be described. In addition, the recently described Hornsby-Alt-Nally (HAN) media allows for the relatively rapid isolation and selection of mutant colonies on agar plates.
Nonfunctional Redundant Acts Characterize OCD, Even in OCD-Unrelated Tasks: A Demonstration in Questionnaire Completion (2017)

The hallmarks of OCD, repetitions and additions, are manifested not only in the patient's rituals and thoughts, but in apparently "neutral" tasks that do not a priori involve the intrusive thoughts, urges, and images typical of obsessive-compulsive behavior. Additions seem to be more specific to OCD than repetitions. These two executive faults impede routine functionality of OCD patients in tasks related and unrelated to their rituals. Our study delineates simple, observable behavioral characteristics that distinguish between OCD and non-OCD anxiety patients as well as healthy individuals. These symptomatic behaviors may offer a clue to personality traits or deficits in executive functions that possibly play a part in the pathophysiology of OCD. Our results are an additional indication that nonfunctionality in obsessive-compulsive behavior deserves full attention for a better understanding of the psychopathological mechanisms of OCD.
From Byzantine Agreement to Practical Survivability (2002)

Introduction Only a decade ago, issues of replication, high availability and load balancing were the focus of small, closely coupled cluster projects. Consequently, techniques for cluster management and small replication systems are abundant. However, the advent of the Internet led to wide spread and highly decentralized access of services and content that bring issues of scale and ubiquitous deployment. In particular, the need to maintain copies of replicated data consistent grows beyond the limits of any local cluster. Consequently, researchers have been looking at ways to improve scalability, survivability and dynamism of replication technology. Additionally, there are a number of recent application domains that exhibit new and challenging models for information replication. For example, advances in storage technology permit processes to share information by directly accessing data on disks that are connected to a storage area network (SAN), thereby avoiding going through a file sy
"Renal Dose" Dopamine in Surgical Patients (1998)

Routine use of prophylactic "renal dose" dopamine in surgical patients is not recommended.
Hydrogen peroxide etching and stability of p-type poly-SiGe films (2004)

In this paper, a model is developed for the etching of as-deposited, in-situ, boron-doped, LPCVD poly-SiGe films in hydrogen peroxide. The model is corroborated by etching results for poly-SiGe alloys with Ge content between 55 and 70%. The results indicate that Ge content in the 55 to 65% range is desirable for maintaining high selectivity with respect to poly-Ge sacrificial layers in a peroxide etch while attaining a polycrystalline film structure (at about 425/spl deg/C, 50% Ge content poly-SiGe films are amorphous). The drift in residual stress of poly-SiGe films at room temperature in dry and wet ambients is also reported. Finally, the etching of in-situ, boron-doped, LPCVD poly-Ge films in hydrogen peroxide is studied.
Design of a Multi-Degree-of-Freedom Traction and Stabilization Device for Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Distal Radius Fractures (2021)

Abstract Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) is a surgical procedure performed with the objectives of restoring normal alignment and providing stability to broken bone fragments after a fracture. This procedure is increasingly used to treat fractures of the distal end of the radius. Reduction of the fracture into correct alignment is often achieved by the surgeon pulling and manipulating the hand while looking at real-time x-rays, and frequently requires large forces to distract impacted fragments from proximal bone. This can make the task of simultaneously aligning the fracture fragments and placing hardware to secure fragments into the correct position particularly challenging for surgeons. This study presents the design and preliminary testing of a multi-degree-of-freedom (DOF) device capable of performing both distraction and reduction of fractured bone fragments using a traction splint mechanism with locking joints that results in significantly reduced effort and greater accuracy in performing ORIF procedures on distal radius fractures. Quantitative force testing found an 80% reduction in the maximum force required to create needed traction, while qualitative tests with a hand surgeon found the device’s ability to reduce and stabilize bone fragments while hardware is secured to be more intuitive and less obstructive than existing techniques.
INFRARED STUDIES ON VIBRATIONALLY EXCITED $H_{3}^{+}$ (1989)

$^{1}$ J.K.G. Watson, private communication $^{2}$ J.P. Maillard and Drossart, CFHT Bulletin 20, 13 (1989) $^{3}$ M.G. Bawendi, B.D. Rehfuss, and T. Oka, this Symposium, 1988 $^{4}$ S. Miller and J. Tennyson, private communication
Common subexpression elimination involving multiple variables linear DSP synthesis (2004)

Common subexpression elimination is commonly employed to reduce the number of operations in DSP algorithms after decomposing constant multiplications into shifts and additions. Conventional optimization techniques for finding common subexpressions can optimize constant multiplications with only a single variable at a time, and hence cannot fully optimize the computations with multiple variables found in matrix form of linear systems like DCT, DFT etc. We transform these computations such that all common subexpressions involving any number of variables can be detected. We then present heuristic algorithms to select the best set of common subexpressions. Experimental results show the superiority of our technique over conventional techniques for common subexpression elimination.
ChemInform Abstract: Extension of the Criegee Rearrangement: Synthesis of Enol Ethers from Secondary Allylic Hydroperoxides. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Quantification of HIV-1-specific T-cell responses at the mucosal cervicovaginal surface (2000)

HIV-1-specific antigen-reactive T cells may be detected in routine, noninvasive gynecological specimens. The results suggest that cervicovaginal HIV-1-specific T cells may be less numerous in individuals on HAART than in those not on HAART, as shown previously for HIV-1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood.
SUB-NANOLITER PER MINUTE FLOW RATES WITH CUSTOM MICROSYRINGE PUMPS IN A MICROFLUIDIC CHIP: THE IMPORTANCE OF TEMPERATURE CONTROL (2008)

This paper describes custom-built continuous-flow positive-displacement syringe pumps capable of delivering steady flow rates of less than 1 nL/min. The pumps described here use slow servo drives with large gear head reducers. More importantly, the pumps are thermally regulated. Without proper thermal regulation, small temperature fluctuations in the environment cause thermal expansion of components, resulting in noise and drift in the pump output. Only through rigorous thermal control of the pumps and components, can these low flow rates be achieved.
Multimodal analyses of vitiligo skin identifies tissue characteristics of stable disease (2022)

Vitiligo is an autoimmune skin disease characterized by the destruction of melanocytes by autoreactive CD8+ T cells. Melanocyte destruction in active vitiligo is mediated by CD8+ T cells, but the persistence of white patches in stable disease is poorly understood. The interaction between immune cells, melanocytes, and keratinocytes in situ in human skin has been difficult to study due to the lack of proper tools. We combine noninvasive multiphoton microscopy (MPM) imaging and single-cell RNA-Seq (scRNA-Seq) to identify subpopulations of keratinocytes in stable vitiligo patients. We show that, compared with nonlesional skin, some keratinocyte subpopulations are enriched in lesional vitiligo skin and shift their energy utilization toward oxidative phosphorylation. Systematic investigation of cell-to-cell communication networks show that this small population of keratinocyte secrete CXCL9 and CXCL10 to potentially drive vitiligo persistence. Pseudotemporal dynamics analyses predict an alternative differentiation trajectory that generates this new population of keratinocytes in vitiligo skin. Further MPM imaging of patients undergoing punch grafting treatment showed that keratinocytes favoring oxidative phosphorylation persist in nonresponders but normalize in responders. In summary, we couple advanced imaging with transcriptomics and bioinformatics to discover cell-to-cell communication networks and keratinocyte cell states that can perpetuate inflammation and prevent repigmentation.
Raster imaging and digital typography : proceedings of the international conference, Ecole polytechnique fédérale Lausanne, October 1989 (1989)

The papers presented in this book deal with the most recent developments in digital typography and raster imaging, including curve-fitting, shape manipulation, character design and representation and page-description languages.
EFFECTIVE UTILIZATION OF ACOUSTIC WAVE SENSOR RESPONSES: SIMJLTANF.€)US OF VELOCITY AND ATTENUATION (1989)

When using acoustic wave devices as sensors, responses arise from perturbations in wave propagation characteristics (velocity and attenuation) caused by wave interactions with a surface layer. Simultaneous measurement of both velocity and attenuation changes helps elucidate the wave perturbation mechanisms. A number of wave-surface layer interactions have been investigated involving surface acoustic waves (SAWs) in the gas phase and acoustic plate modes (APMs) in liquids. These include (1) mass loading of a SAW, (2) acoustoelectric interactions between SAWs and a conductive film overlay, (3) mass loading of an APM, and (4) viscous coupling of an APM to an adjacent liquid medium.
Hybrid zone plates: combining high resolution with enhanced efficiency (2021)

At XRnanotech, a spin-off from the Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI) in Switzerland, we develop diffractive X-ray optics to enable experiments at many large-scale research facilities. Our goal is to push the limits of diffractive X-ray optics by continuously, improving the resolution and efficiency enabling new applications in microscopy to make the invisible visible. In X-ray microscopy, Fresnel zone plates (FZPs) are used as high-resolution lenses. Their resolution depends mainly on the size of their smallest outermost zones and many years of development were required in order to push this value into ever-smaller regimes. Recently, the 10 nm barrier was broken with the line-doubling approach. While the zone-doubling approach is very helpful for achieving ultra-high resolutions, it has a fundamental disadvantage compared to conventional FZPs in terms of efficiency. The efficiency of a FZP depends not only on the wavelength, the material and its optical thickness but also on the duty cycle. For a FZP consisting of structures with a continuously changing period along its radius, the duty cycle of the Ir structures changes accordingly, because the deposited Ir thickness by ALD is uniform. Consequently, the efficiency along the radius changes as a function of the duty cycle and drops to zero towards the center of the zone plate. An elegant method to mitigate this effect is to fabricate hybrid FZPs that consist of a conventional center region with structures made e.g. of gold by electroplating and a zone-doubled outer part, where the deviation in duty cycle is not as pronounced anymore. Here, by fabricating such a hybrid structure, we achieved 7 nm resolution in direct imaging with soft X-rays and are able to fabricate X-ray optics with ultra-high aspect ratios.
Evaluation of Proposed Oklo Aurora Microreactor Sites at Idaho National Laboratory (2020)

In response to a request from the Department of Energy Idaho Operations Office (DOE-ID), members of the Land Use Committee met on August 26, 2020, to review and rank the Oklo Aurora microreactor demonstration sites that were presented to DOE-ID by Oklo for comment.
Unusual radical addition on a heteroaromatic nitrogen. A convenient access to new pyrimidine derivatives (2010)

A radical generated on the side-chain of a 2- or 4-N-alkylamino-4,6- or 2,6-dichloropyrimidine can cyclise on the nitrogen or on the carbon of the pyrimidine ring depending on its position and on whether an acetyl or a Boc group is present on the extra-nuclear nitrogen.
Ion Exchange in Ultrathin Films of Cu2S and ZnS under Atomic Layer Deposition Conditions (2011)

Atomic layer deposition allows for a wide variety of materials to be deposited in nearly ideal, conformal multilayers. We report a marked deviation from this behavior, in the form of ion exchange, in two metal sulfide systems when using standard precursors and typical growth conditions.
Decreased 3D observer variation with matched CT-MRI, for target delineation in Nasopharynx cancer (2010)

Attempts to decrease the variation need to be tailored to the specific causes of the variation. Use of delineation instructions multimodality imaging, the use of sagittal windows and an on-line atlas result in a higher agreement on the intended target.
2-Methoxyestradiol Inhibits Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α, Tumor Growth, and Angiogenesis and Augments Paclitaxel Efficacy in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (2004)

These results provide support for the use of 2ME2 in combination with paclitaxel for the treatment of recurrent or advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Aging of Preleukemic Thymocytes Drives CpG Island Hypermethylation in T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (2023)

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Designing Plasmonic Eigenstates for Optical Signal Transmission in Planar Channel Devices (2018)

On-chip optoelectronic and all-optical information processing paradigms require compact implementation of signal transfer for which nanoscale surface plasmons circuitry offers relevant solutions. This work demonstrates the directional signal transmittance mediated by 2D plasmonic eigenmodes supported by crystalline cavities. Channel devices comprising two mesoscopic triangular input and output ports and sustaining delocalized, higher-order plasmon resonances in the visible to infrared range are shown to enable the controllable transmittance and routing between two confined entry and exit ports coupled over a distance exceeding 2 μm. The transmittance is attenuated by >20 dB upon rotating the incident linear polarization, thus, offering a convenient switching mechanism. The optimal transmittance for a given operating wavelength depends on the geometrical design of the device that sets the spatial and spectral characteristic of the supporting delocalized modes. Our approach is highly versatile and opens the way to more complex information processing using pure plasmonic or hybrid nanophotonic architectures.
Plasma-Based Measurements of Tumor Heterogeneity Correlate with Clinical Outcomes in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (2022)

Sequencing circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) from liquid biopsies may better assess tumor heterogeneity than limited sampling of tumor tissue. Here, we explore ctDNA-based heterogeneity and its correlation with treatment outcome in STEAM, which assessed efficacy and safety of concurrent and sequential FOLFOXIRI-bevacizumab (BEV) vs. FOLFOX-BEV for first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. We sequenced 146 pre-induction and 89 post-induction patient plasmas with a 198-kilobase capture-based assay, and applied Mutant-Allele Tumor Heterogeneity (MATH), a traditionally tissue-based calculation of allele frequency distribution, on somatic mutations detected in plasma. Higher levels of MATH, particularly in the post-induction sample, were associated with shorter progression-free survival (PFS). Patients with high MATH vs. low MATH in post-induction plasma had shorter PFS (7.2 vs. 11.7 months; hazard ratio, 3.23; 95% confidence interval, 1.85−5.63; log-rank p < 0.0001). These results suggest ctDNA-based tumor heterogeneity may have potential prognostic value in metastatic cancers.
Millimeter-wave channels in urban environments (2016)

Since millimeter-wave (mm-wave) communications systems deployed in urban environments will be an important component of next-generation cellular communications, it is important to understand the propagation channels those systems will be working in. This paper provides an overview of the state of the art in urban mm-wave channel modeling, and outlines directions for future research. Propagation at mm-wave differs in several critical aspects from those at microwave frequencies: much higher free-space pathloss, a smaller number of multipath components, the inefficiency of diffraction as a propagation process, the importance of body shadowing, and possibly more diffuse scattering all impacts the channel characteristics. The paper will also review the new challenges for channel sounding in this frequency band, in particular for the pathloss, and finally review stochastic and semi-deterministic modeling approaches suitable for these channels. It is clear that while some important work has been done, a lot of topics remain open for future work.
Sublingual Tablets (2016)

We’ve built this digital research platform to provide academics everywhere with fast, stable and secure digital access to our library of over 110,000 scholarly books and 800,000 journal articles. We’ve tested the platform in close cooperation with leading academic institutions. If you have any questions or you notice something doesn’t quite work as it should, please visit our <a href="/publishing/faq?lang=en" class="text-primary">Help/FAQ</a> page and let us know.
Iron based catalysts from novel low-cost organic precursors for enhanced oxygen reduction reaction in neutral media microbial fuel cells (2016)

Fe-based catalysts based on ricobendazole and niclosamide showed higher performance compared to Pt (20–25%) and AC (90–99%) and more durability in long terms operations.
ChemInform Abstract: Insect Antifeedants from Azadirachta indica. Part 5. Chemical Modification and Structure‐Activity Relationships of Azadirachtin and Some Related Limonoids. (1989)

Abstract Chemical modification of the potent insect antifeedant and growth‐disruption agent azadirachtin (Ia) and the related limonoids 3‐tigloyl azadirachtol (Ib) and salannin (II) have permitted an exploration of the biological activity of these compounds.
Bi-Layer Complexes Incorporating Large Organic Cations and Anionic Tetra-p-Sulfonated Calix[4]arene Capsules (2001)

H4TMTAA2+/18-crown-6, H4TMTAA2+/2-hydroxybenzimidazole and cyclamH44+ self-assemble with sodium tetra-p-sulfonated calix[4]arene to form capsules within overall bilayer structures. [H4TMTAA2+]2[trans-{Na+⊂(18-crown-6)(H2O)2}⊂ {(p-O3S-calix[4]arene)2} + 3H+]·17H2O crystallises in the triclinic space group P1¯ and contains the “Russian Doll” assembled superanion capsule, {Na+⊂(18-crown-6)(OH2) 2}⊂{(p-O3S-calix[4]arene)2}7−. [H4TMTAA2+]2[(C7N2OH7+)2⊂ {(p-O3S-calix[4]arene)2} + 2H+]·17H2O also crystallises in the triclinic space group P1¯ and also contains a superanion capsule with two 2-hydroxybenzimidazolium cations as the capsule core. [cyclamH44+][{cyclamH44+}⊂{(p-O3S-calix[4]arene)2}]·18H2O crystallises in the space group P21/n and is an example of a slipped capsule, with the slight “mismatch” allowing stronger internal capsule H-bonding. The cations influence the spacing between the bilayers and can span the calixarene layers.
Identification of hidden Markov models for ion channel currents. II. State-dependent excess noise (1998)

For pt.I see ibid., vol.46, no.7, p.1901 (1998). Hidden Markov modeling (HMM) techniques have been applied in the past few years to characterize single ion channel current events at low signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). In this paper, an adaptation of the forward-backward procedure and Baum-Welch algorithm is presented to model ion channel kinetics under conditions of correlated and state-dependent excess noise like that observed in patch-clamp recordings. An autoregressive with additive nonstationary (ARANS) noise model is introduced to model the experimentally observed noise, and an algorithm called the Baum-Welch weighted least squares (BW-WLS) procedure is presented to re-estimate the noise model parameters along with the parameters of the underlying HMM. The performance of the algorithm is demonstrated with simulated data.