gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Prehospital Database System for Emergency Medical Services (2011)

Emergency Medical Services (EMS) are not only responsible for providing prompt and efficient medical care to many different types emergencies, but also for fully documenting each and every event. Unfortunately, the vast majority of EMS events are still documented by hand. The documents are then further processed and entered manually into various billing, research, and other databases. Hence, such a process is expensive, labor intensive, and error prone. There is a dire need for more research in this area and for faster, efficient solutions. We present a solution for this problem: Prehospital Patient Care Record (PCR) for emergency medical field usage with a system called iRevive that functions as a mobile database application. iRevive is a mobile database applicationthat is designed to facilitate the collection and management of prehospital data. It allows point-of-care data capture in an electronic format and is equipped with individual patient sensors to automatically capture vital sign data. Patient information from the field is wirelessly transmitted to a back-end server, which uses Web service standards to promote interoperability with disparate hospital information systems, various billing agencies, and a wide variety of research applications. In this chapter, we describe the current state of EMS, the iRevive application, a mini-trial deploying iRevive in real scenarios, the results, and a future direction for our solution.Request access from your librarian to read this chapter's full text.
Dipole Antenna Printed on Paper Substrate for WLAN Applications (2018)

The design of a dipole antenna printed on a paper substrate is presented in this paper. The antenna which integrates a compact balun is devoted for dual-band 2.4/5 GHz WLAN applications. The antenna is based on a double-side printed multilayer paper substrate and is fed with a coaxial cable for the testing. The simulated results of the whole structure are also presented in detail and compared with the measured performances.
Predictive survival ability of patient-reported in comparison to physician-reported performance status in solid malignancies. (2020)

7019 Background: Performance status (PS) is an important prognostic tool in cancer management that is mainly generated by physicians. In oncology, the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) measure is commonly used. Patient-reported functional status (PRFS) is an emerging method that allows patients to provide an estimate of their function; however, there is limited information about its prognostic significance in solid tumors. We explored the prognostic value of PRFS in comparison to ECOG on survival. Methods: 13,045 newly diagnosed cancer patients in Ontario, Canada, who had information from both PRFS and ECOG on the same day of an outpatient visit between March 2013 and March 2018 were included. The dataset were randomly divided into 60% training (n = 7,827) and 40% validation (n = 5,218) cohorts. Covariates were similar at baseline for both training and validation datasets. Survival was estimated by modeling clinical characteristics with PRFS, with ECOG, and alone. Results: PRFS and ECOG scores were statistically significant predictors of overall survival. Both higher PRFS and ECOG scores tended to be associated with inferior survival, hazard ratio (HR) = 1.71 (P &lt; .0001), and HR = 1.90 (P &lt; .0001) respectively. Models that included either PRFS or ECOG scores outperformed the model with baseline clinical characteristics only. C statistics were 0.836, 0.839, and 0.811 respectively. Conclusions: Patient-reported functional status adds to survival modeling and is equally predictive as the ECOG scale at various stages of solid malignancies. PRFS may be used instead of ECOG in clinical or research setting for survival estimation.
Comparative Analyses of Potato Expressed Sequence Tag Libraries (2003)

The cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum) shares similar biology with other members of the Solanaceae, yet has features unique within the family, such as modified stems (stolons) that develop into edible tubers. To better understand potato biology, we have undertaken a survey of the potato transcriptome using expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from diverse tissues. A total of 61,940 ESTs were generated from aerial tissues, below-ground tissues, and tissues challenged with the late-blight pathogen (Phytophthora infestans). Clustering and assembly of these ESTs resulted in a total of 19,892 unique sequences with 8,741 tentative consensus sequences and 11,151 singleton ESTs. We were able to identify a putative function for 43.7% of these sequences. A number of sequences (48) were expressed throughout the libraries sampled, representing constitutively expressed sequences. Other sequences (13,068, 21%) were uniquely expressed and were detected only in a single library. Using hierarchal and k means clustering of the EST sequences, we were able to correlate changes in gene expression with major physiological events in potato biology. Using pair-wise comparisons of tuber-related tissues, we were able to associate genes with tuber initiation, dormancy, and sprouting. We also were able to identify a number of characterized as well as novel sequences that were unique to the incompatible interaction of late-blight pathogen, thereby providing a foundation for further understanding the mechanism of resistance.
Development and comparative assessment of Raman spectroscopic classification algorithms for lesion discrimination in stereotactic breast biopsies with microcalcifications (2012)

Microcalcifications are an early mammographic sign of breast cancer and a target for stereotactic breast needle biopsy. Here, we develop and compare different approaches for developing Raman classification algorithms to diagnose invasive and in situ breast cancer, fibrocystic change and fibroadenoma that can be associated with microcalcifications. In this study, Raman spectra were acquired from tissue cores obtained from fresh breast biopsies and analyzed using a constituent-based breast model. Diagnostic algorithms based on the breast model fit coefficients were devised using logistic regression, C4.5 decision tree classification, k-nearest neighbor (k -NN) and support vector machine (SVM) analysis, and subjected to leave-one-out cross validation. The best performing algorithm was based on SVM analysis (with radial basis function), which yielded a positive predictive value of 100% and negative predictive value of 96% for cancer diagnosis. Importantly, these results demonstrate that Raman spectroscopy provides adequate diagnostic information for lesion discrimination even in the presence of microcalcifications, which to the best of our knowledge has not been previously reported.
Endoglucanase Peripheral Loops Facilitate Complexation of Glucan Chains on Cellulose via Adaptive Coupling to the Emergent Substrate Structures (2013)

We examine how the catalytic domain of a glycoside hydrolase family 7 endoglucanase catalytic domain (Cel7B CD) facilitates complexation of cellulose chains from a crystal surface. With direct relevance to the science of biofuel production, this problem also represents a model system of biopolymer processing by proteins in Nature. Interactions of Cel7B CD with a cellulose microfibril along different paths of complexation are characterized by mapping the atomistic fluctuations recorded in free-energy simulations onto the parameters of a coarse-grain model. The resulting patterns of protein-biopolymer couplings also uncover the sequence signatures of the enzyme in peeling off glucan chains from the microfibril substrate. We show that the semiopen active site of Cel7B CD exhibits similar barriers and free energies of complexation over two distinct routes; namely, scooping of a chain into the active-site cleft and threading from the chain end into the channel. On the other hand, the complexation energetics strongly depends on the surface packing of the targeted chain and the resulting interaction sites with the enzyme. A revealed principle is that Cel7B CD facilitates cellulose deconstruction via adaptive coupling to the emergent substrate. The flexible, peripheral segments of the protein outside of the active-site cleft are able to accommodate the varying features of cellulose along the simulated paths of complexation. The general strategy of linking physics-based molecular interactions to protein sequence could also be helpful in elucidating how other protein machines process biopolymers.
Constrained Thompson Sampling for Wireless Link Optimization (2019)

Wireless communication systems operate in complex time-varying environments. Therefore, selecting the optimal configuration parameters in these systems is a challenging problem. For wireless links, \emph{rate selection} is used to select the optimal data transmission rate that maximizes the link throughput subject to an application-defined latency constraint. We model rate selection as a stochastic multi-armed bandit (MAB) problem, where a finite set of transmission rates are modeled as independent bandit arms. For this setup, we propose Con-TS, a novel constrained version of the Thompson sampling algorithm, where the latency requirement is modeled by a high-probability linear constraint. We show that for Con-TS, the expected number of constraint violations over T transmission intervals is upper bounded by O(\sqrt{KT}), where K is the number of available rates. Further, the expected loss in cumulative throughput compared to the optimal rate selection scheme (i.e., the egret is also upper bounded by O(\sqrt{KT \log K}). Through numerical simulations, we demonstrate that Con-TS significantly outperforms state-of-the-art bandit schemes for rate selection.
Murine natural killer cells contribute to the granulomatous reaction caused by mycobacterial cell walls (1999)

Mice injected with deproteinized cell walls prepared from the strain H37rv of Mycobacterium tuberculosis develop a granuloma-like lesion in which NKT cells are predominant. NKT cells play a primary role in the granulomatous response, because the latter does not occur in Jalpha281(-/-) mice, which miss NKT cells. The glycolipidic fraction of the cell walls is responsible for the recruitment of NKT cells; the recruiting activity is associated with fractions containing phosphatidylinositolmannosides. These results define a powerful experimental set up for studying the in vivo induction of NKT cell responses to microbial components.
Real-time generation of realistic defective wafer maps via deep learning network of CycleGAN (2023)

Defective dies on a silicon wafer form a pattern that is called a wafer map. In order to adequately train a deep learning-based automated optical inspection system to detect such defective patterns, a large number of defective patterns or wafer maps are needed. In practice, on an actual production line, defective patterns occur infrequently and thus are difficult and time consuming to collect. A computationally efficient defective pattern generation solution is developed in this paper by using the deep learning network of CycleGAN which is a variant of the generative adversarial network. The public domain WM-811K wafer dataset was used to generate or synthesize defective patterns or wafer maps. The two metrics of Fréchet inception distance and kernel inception distance were utilized to evaluate the resemblance of the generated defective images to the real defective images. The results obtained indicate that the developed defective pattern generation method produces realistic wafer maps at a computationally efficient rate of 3 synthesized images per second.
A Hardware Architecture for Cell-Based Feature-Extraction and Classification Using Dual-Feature Space (2017)

Many computer-vision and machine-learning applications in robotics, mobile, wearable devices, and automotive domains are constrained by their real-time performance requirements. This paper reports a dual-feature-based object recognition coprocessor that exploits both histogram of oriented gradient (HOG) and Haar-like descriptors with a cell-based parallel sliding-window recognition mechanism. The feature extraction circuitry for HOG and Haar-like descriptors is implemented by a pixel-based pipelined architecture, which synchronizes to the pixel frequency from the image sensor. After extracting each cell feature vector, a cell-based sliding window scheme enables parallelized recognition for all windows, which contain this cell. The nearest neighbor search classifier is, respectively, applied to the HOG and Haar-like feature space. The complementary aspects of the two feature domains enable a hardware-friendly implementation of the binary classification for pedestrian detection with improved accuracy. A proof-of-concept prototype chip fabricated in a 65-nm SOI CMOS, having thin gate oxide and buried oxide layers (SOTB CMOS), with 3.22-mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> core area achieves an energy efficiency of 1.52 nJ/pixel and a processing speed of 30 fps for 1024 × 1616-pixel image frames at 200-MHz recognition working frequency and 1-V supply voltage. Furthermore, multiple chips can implement image scaling, since the designed chip has image-size flexibility attributable to the pixel-based architecture.
A Simulation-Based Methodology for Evaluating the DPA-Resistance of Cryptographic Functional Units with Application to CMOS and MCML Technologies (2007)

This paper explores the resistance of MOS current mode logic (MCML) against differential power analysis (DPA) attacks. Circuits implemented in MCML, in fact, have unique characteristics both in terms of power consumption and the dependency of the power profile from the input signal pattern. Therefore, MCML is suitable to protect cryptographic hardware from DPA and similar side-channel attacks. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of different logic styles against power analysis attacks, the non-linear bijective function of the Kasumi algorithm (known as substitution box S7) was implemented with CMOS and MCML technology, and a set of attacks was performed using power traces derived from SPICE-level simulations. Although all keys were discovered for CMOS, only very few attacks to MCML were successful.
Alteration of the Sphingomyelin/Ceramide Pathway Is Associated with Resistance of Human Breast Carcinoma MCF7 Cells to Tumor Necrosis Factor-α-mediated Cytotoxicity (1997)

The interference of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) signaling processes with the acquisition of tumor resistance to TNF was investigated using the TNF-sensitive human breast carcinoma MCF7 cell line and its established TNF-resistant variant (R-A1). The resistance of R-A1 cells to TNF correlated with a low level of p55 TNF receptor expression and an absence of TNF signaling through TNF receptors. Stable transfection of wild-type p55 receptor in R-A1 resulted in enhancement of p55 expression and in partial restoration of TNF signaling, including nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation. However, the transfected cells remained resistant to TNF-induced apoptosis. Northern blot analysis revealed a comparable induction of manganous superoxide dismutase and A20 mRNA expression in p55-transfected cells and in sensitive MCF7 cells, making it unlikely that these genes are involved in the resistance to TNF-mediated cytotoxicity. While TNF significantly stimulated both neutral and acidic sphingomyelinase (SMase) activities with concomitant sphingomyelin (SM) hydrolysis and ceramide generation in MCF7, it failed to trigger these events in TNF-resistant p55-transfected cells. In addition, the basal SM content was significantly higher in sensitive MCF7 as compared to the resistant counterparts. Furthermore, the TNF-resistant cells tested could be induced to undergo cell death after exposure to exogenous SMase or cell-permeable C6-ceramide. This study also shows that TNF failed to induce arachidonic acid release in p55-transfected resistant cells, suggesting that an alteration of phospholipase A2 activation may be associated with MCF7 cell resistance to TNF. Our findings strongly suggest a role of ceramide in the mechanism of cell resistance to TNF-mediated cell death and may be relevant in elucidating the biochemical nature of intracellular messengers leading to such resistance.
Hydrogen sulfide stimulates xanthine oxidoreductase conversion to nitrite reductase and formation of NO (2020)

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide with increased oxidative stress and reduced NO bioavailability serving as key risk factors. For decades, elevation in protein abundance and enzymatic activity of xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) under hypoxic/inflammatory conditions has been associated with organ damage and vascular dysfunction. Recent reports have challenged this dogma by identifying a beneficial function for XOR, under similar hypoxic/acidic conditions, whereby XOR catalyzes the reduction of nitrite (NO2<sup>-</sup>) to nitric oxide (NO) through poorly defined mechanisms. We previously reported that hydrogen sulfide (H<sub>2</sub>S/sulfide) confers significant vascular benefit under these same conditions via NO2<sup>-</sup> mediated mechanisms independent of nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Here we report for the first time the convergence of H<sub>2</sub>S, XOR, and nitrite to form a concerted triad for NO generation. Specifically, hypoxic endothelial cells show a dose-dependent, sulfide and polysulfide (diallyl trisulfide (DATS)-induced, NOS-independent NO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup> reduction to NO that is dependent upon the enzymatic activity of XOR. Interestingly, nitrite reduction to NO was found to be slower and more sustained with DATS compared to H<sub>2</sub>S. Capacity for sulfide/polysulfide to produce an XOR-dependent impact on NO generation translates to salutary actions in vivo as DATS administration in cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE) knockout mice significantly improved hindlimb ischemia blood flow post ligation, while the XOR-specific inhibitor, febuxostat (Febx), abrogated this benefit. Moreover, flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) in CSE knockout mice following administration of DATS resulted in greater than 4-fold enhancement in femoral artery dilation while co-treatment with Febx completely completely abrogated this effect. Together, these results identify XOR as a focal point of convergence between sulfide- and nitrite-mediated signaling, as well as affirm the critical need to reexamine current dogma regarding inhibition of XOR in the context of vascular dysfunction.
Fail-safe Rendezvous Control on Elliptic Orbits using Reachable Sets (2020)

In this paper, a fail-safe control policy is developed for rendezvous on generic elliptic orbits using backwards reachable sets and model predictive control (MPC). The backwards reachable sets are computed as unsafe regions of state space that, in the event of total thruster failure, would lead to a collision between the chaser spacecraft and the rendezvous target. The backwards reachable sets are incorporated as passive safety constraints in the MPC online trajectory generation in order to guide the chaser to rendezvous with its target through an inherently safe approach. Simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the passive safety constraints in altering a nominally unsafe rendezvous to one that is passively safe.
Organic Bifunctional Devices with Emission and Sensing Abilities (2007)

Organic bifunctional devices with emission and sensing abilities were reviewed and a prototype of a matrix was demonstrated. There are two types of device structure: a bi-function matrix array (Bi-Matrix) with a stacked layer of organic light-emitting diode (OLED) and organic photodiode (OPD) matrix arrays, and a multi-function diode (MFD) which has a structure similar to that of conventional OLED and has two functions of emission and photosensing. For the Bi-Matrix, independent operations of emission and photosensing were achieved; the maximum luminance of its OLED was 77,400 cd/m2 and the ratio of photoconductivity to dark conductivity was 1×104. A prototype 4×4 Bi-Matrix was also demonstrated. For the MFD, a special organic material, the pyrazoline derivative, was used. The highest luminance obtained was 9,270 cd/m2 under a forward bias condition. The highest photocurrent density was 71 µA/cm2 and the highest ratio of photo- to dark-conductivity was 1×104 under a reverse-bias condition. Details of the prototype 16×16 MFD matrix were also described.
Indoxyl Sulfate, a Uremic Toxin, Stimulates Reactive Oxygen Species Production and Erythrocyte Cell Death Supposedly by an Organic Anion Transporter 2 (OAT2) and NADPH Oxidase Activity-Dependent Pathways (2018)

It is hypothesized that the uremic toxin indoxyl sulfate (IS) plays a role in the pathogenesis of renal anemia. To further explore that hypothesis, we examined the effects of IS on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), and erythrocyte death (eryptosis) in red blood cells (RBC) from healthy controls (CON-RBC) and hemodialyzed patients (HD-RBC), respectively. RBC were incubated either in either TRIS-Glc-BSA buffer or IS at concentrations of 0.01, 0.09, and 0.17 mM, respectively. We measured ROS generation (expressed as % of DCFH-DA positive RBC), eryptosis (expressed as % of annexin-V positive RBC), and GSH levels after 6, 12, and 24 h. When incubated in buffer, ROS production was approximately seven-fold higher at all time points HD-RBC when compared to CON-RBC. Incubation with IS increased ROS production in CON-RBS dose-dependently up to 10-fold. Eryptosis in buffer-incubated HD-RBC was up to seven-fold higher as compared to COB-RBC. Incubation of CON-RBC with IS increased the eryptosis rate dose-dependently up to 6-fold. Pretreatment of CON-RBC with the organic anion transporter 2 (OAT2) specific inhibitor ketoprofen or with NADPH oxidase inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium-Cl blunted the IS effect on both ROS production and eryptosis induction. While GSH levels in HD-RBC were reduced when compared to CON-RBC, they were not affected by IS incubation. In summary, IS increases ROS generation and eryptosis in CON-RBC by an activity dependent of the IS influx through OAT2, and NADPH oxidase activity-dependent, and a GSH-independent mechanism. These findings lend support to a putative role of IS in the pathogenesis of renal anemia.
A Secret Sharing Scheme Based on Group Presentations and the Word Problem (2012)

A (t,n)-threshold secret sharing scheme is a method to distribute a secret among n participants in such a way that any t participants can recover the secret, but no t-1 participants can. In this paper, we propose two secret sharing schemes using non-abelian groups. One scheme is the special case where all the participants must get together to recover the secret. The other one is a (t,n)-threshold scheme that is a combination of Shamir's scheme and the group-theoretic scheme proposed in this paper.