gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Survey on Internet Traffic Identification (2009)

The area of Internet traffic measurement has advanced enormously over the last couple of years. This was mostly due to the increase in network access speeds, due to the appearance of bandwidth-hungry applications, due to the ISPs' increased interest in precise user traffic profile information and also a response to the enormous growth in the number of connected users. These changes greatly affected the work of Internet service providers and network administrators, which have to deal with increasing resource demands and abrupt traffic changes brought by new applications. This survey explains the main techniques and problems known in the field of IP traffic analysis and focuses on application detection. First, it separates traffic analysis into packet-based and flow-based categories and details the advantages and problems for each approach. Second, this work cites the techniques for traffic analysis accessible in the literature, along with the analysis performed by the authors. Relevant techniques include signature-matching, sampling and inference. Third, this work shows the trends in application classification analysis and presents important and recent references in the subject. Lastly, this survey draws the readers' interest to open research topics in the area of traffic analysis and application detection and makes some final remarks.
Small Molecule Inhibition of MicroRNA miR-21 Rescues Chemosensitivity of Renal-Cell Carcinoma to Topotecan (2018)

Chemical probes of microRNA (miRNA) function are potential tools for understanding miRNA biology that also provide new approaches for discovering therapeutics for miRNA-associated diseases. MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) is an oncogenic miRNA that is overexpressed in most cancers and has been strongly associated with driving chemoresistance in cancers such as renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Using a cell-based luciferase reporter assay to screen small molecules, we identified a novel inhibitor of miR-21 function. Following structure-activity relationship studies, an optimized lead compound demonstrated cytotoxicity in several cancer cell lines. In a chemoresistant-RCC cell line, inhibition of miR-21 via small molecule treatment rescued the expression of tumor-suppressor proteins and sensitized cells to topotecan-induced apoptosis. This resulted in a >10-fold improvement in topotecan activity in cell viability and clonogenic assays. Overall, this work reports a novel small molecule inhibitor for perturbing miR-21 function and demonstrates an approach to enhancing the potency of chemotherapeutics specifically for cancers derived from oncomir addiction.
Spectrum Sharing with Distributed Relay Selection and Clustering (2012)

We consider a spectrum-sharing network where n secondary relays are used to increase secondary rate and also mitigate interference on the primary by reducing the required overall secondary emitted power. We propose a distributed relay selection and clustering framework, obtain closed-form expressions for the secondary rate, and show that secondary rate increases proportionally to log n. Remarkably, this is on the same order as the growth rate obtained in the absence of a primary system and its imposed constraints. Our results show that to maximize the rate, the secondary relays must transmit with power proportional to n^(-1) (thus the sum of relay powers is bounded) and also that the secondary source may not operate at its maximum allowable power. The tradeoff between the secondary rate and the interference on the primary is also characterized, showing that the primary interference can be reduced asymptotically to zero as n increases, while still maintaining a secondary rate that grows proportionally to log n. Finally, to address the rate loss due to half-duplex relaying in the secondary, we propose an alternating relay protocol and investigate its performance.
Microphotonic spectrum-splitting & concentration for high-efficiency photovoltaics (2015)

We present a diffractive microphotonic element that can split solar spectrum into 2 or more spectral bands, and concentrate these bands onto optimal absorbers. We experimentally demonstrated an increase in output power of 35% with a 3-band configuration.
Failure mechanisms in MOS devices (1986)

A Doctoral Thesis. Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of Doctor of Philosophy of Loughborough University.
System Architecture for Physical/IT Security Event Integration (2012)

Both physical and IT security are necessary to guarantee the safety of industrial facilities; however, the two elements are operated separately in most organizations. To solve the security problems caused by this segregated operation of security systems, studies on the integration of physical and IT security are being conducted actively. To that end, event integration technology, which collects events from various items of security equipment to create security state alarm for analysis, is required. This paper suggests a structure that integrates physical and IT security events, with the aim of dealing with the differences and promoting interaction between physical and IT security systems, and describes the related interface and data exchange. Key words:
Storage network performance analysis (2003)

Features vendor-neutral coverage applicable to any storage network Includes a special case-study section citing real-world applications and examples The first vendor-neutral volume to cover storage network performance tuning and optimization Exacting performance monitoring and analysis maximizes the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of existing storage networks Meets the needs of network administrators, storage engineers, and IT professionals faced with shrinking budgets and growing data storage demands
Deflocculation (2016)

This Glossary of Terms Related to Pharmaceutics is needed by practitioners in the field of pharmaceutics as this field fulfills an important and crucial role, different from the roles of other scientific disciplines involved in the drugmaking process. The glossary contains 168 definitions used in pharmaceutics. These are related to various aspects of this discipline, such as: (1) physicochemical characterization of pharmaceutical preparations and the active ingredients they contain; (2) unit operations used in the practice of pharmaceutics; (3) terms related to the various dosage forms; (4) terms related to the various modes and routes of drug delivery; (5) terms used in pharmacokinetics and biopharmaceutics in general; and additional miscellaneous terms. The field of pharmaceutics itself is of a multidisciplinary nature as its practitioners come from a variety of disciplines, such as chemistry or various biological sciences, thus a glossary containing authoritative definitions would be useful for them. The terms used in pharmaceutics are rarely covered by existing glossaries, and in the cases they are, their definitions are often inappropriate for the field of pharmaceutics and require new or modified definitions to better fit the new context.
ChemInform Abstract: SOLVATISIERUNG DER POLYMER‐MATRIX, DIE QUELLE FUER VERSTUEMMELTE UND ABGELOESTE SEQUENZEN BEI DER FESTPHASEN‐SYNTH. (1973)

Abstract Es werden Aufarbeitungsverfahren beschrieben, die eine Erfassung der Sequenzen bei nach Merrifield hergestellten Polypeptiden gestatten und die eine genaue Analyse zulassen.
Anisotropic Terahertz Conductivity of One-Dimensional Electrons in Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2010)

Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy of a highly-aligned single-walled carbon nanotube film reveals strongly anisotropic responses. The deduced complex dynamic conductivity clearly showed a non-Drude-like frequency dependence, with the real part showing a peak at ~ 4 THz.
Brownian Motion of Microscopic Solids under the Action of Fluctuating Electromagnetic Fields (1999)

The Brownian motion of a microscopic solid under the action of fluctuating electromagnetic fields was detected using atomic-force microscopy. The distance dependence of the noise spectrum of free cantilever oscillations, of the resonance frequency, and of the damping coefficient were investigated under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. An analytic expression for the damping coefficient of a metallic tip--sample system was obtained on the basis of fluctuating electrodynamics. Our calculation is in good agreement with experimental data.
Predicting Data-Dependent Jitter (2004)

An analysis for calculating data-dependent jitter (DDJ) in a first-order system is introduced. The predicted DDJ features unique threshold crossing times with self-similar geometry. An approximation for DDJ in second-order systems is described in terms of the damping factor and natural frequency. Higher order responses demonstrate conditions under which unique threshold crossing times do not exist and total jitter is minimized. The DDJ predictions are verified with jitter measurements in a bandwidth-limited amplifier. The predictions for both first and second-order systems anticipate the features of the observed jitter.
Combined ultrasonic aspiration and saline-linked radiofrequency precoagulation: a step toward bloodless liver resection without the need of liver inflow occlusion: analysis of 313 consecutive patients (2014)

Combined technique of saline-linked radiofrequency ablation and ultrasonic aspiration for liver resection is a safe method for both major and minor liver resections. The method is associated with decreased blood loss, reduced postoperative morbidity, and minimal mortality rates. We believe that this combined technique is comparable to other techniques and should be considered as an alternative.
Real-Time Monitoring of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Cigarette Smoke Using Time-Resolved Laser-Induced Fluorescence (2003)

Cigarette smoke contains a large number of chemicals and gaseous compounds including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Due to the importance of PAHs and their health effects in cigarettes, development of systems to analyze PAHs in cigarette smoke may become useful in developing a less harmful product. However, the complexity of cigarette smoke chemistry remains a significant obstacle in its analysis: many cigarette smoke components are produced due to reactions such as decomposition and recombination of cigarette components during the smoking process. Methods to analyze these reactions in real-time are needed. In this article the authors report direct monitoring of pyrene in mainstream smoke using time-gated laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) based on fiber optics. The time-gated detection system could provide a reduced background signal of mainstream smoke when using optimized gate delay and gate width parameters. The results demonstrate the feasibility of direct monitoring of PAHs in mainstream smoke.
SARS-CoV-2 spike conformation determines plasma neutralizing activity elicited by a wide panel of human vaccines (2022)

Numerous safe and effective coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines have been developed worldwide that use various delivery technologies and engineering strategies. We show here that vaccines containing prefusion-stabilizing S mutations elicit antibody responses in humans with enhanced recognition of S and the S<sub>1</sub> subunit relative to postfusion S as compared with vaccines lacking these mutations or natural infection. Prefusion S and S<sub>1</sub> antibody binding titers positively and equivalently correlated with neutralizing activity, and depletion of S<sub>1</sub>-directed antibodies completely abrogated plasma neutralizing activity. We show that neutralizing activity is almost entirely directed to the S<sub>1</sub> subunit and that variant cross-neutralization is mediated solely by receptor binding domain-specific antibodies. Our data provide a quantitative framework for guiding future S engineering efforts to develop vaccines with higher resilience to the emergence of variants than current technologies.
2‐(2‐Hydroxy‐3‐alkoxyphenyl)‐1H‐benzimidazole‐5‐carboxamidine Derivatives as Potent and Selective Urokinase‐Type Plasminogen Activator Inhibitors. (2002)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Dynamic Exclusion (2016)

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy’s Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.
Deep learning architecture LightOCT for diagnostic decision support\n using optical coherence tomography images of biological samples (2018)

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is being increasingly adopted as a\nlabel-free and non-invasive technique for biomedical applications such as\ncancer and ocular disease diagnosis. Diagnostic information for these tissues\nis manifest in textural and geometric features of the OCT images, which are\nused by human expertise to interpret and triage. However, it suffers delays due\nto the long process of the conventional diagnostic procedure and shortage of\nhuman expertise. Here, a custom deep learning architecture, LightOCT, is\nproposed for the classification of OCT images into diagnostically relevant\nclasses. LightOCT is a convolutional neural network with only two convolutional\nlayers and a fully connected layer, but it is shown to provide excellent\ntraining and test results for diverse OCT image datasets. We show that LightOCT\nprovides 98.9% accuracy in classifying 44 normal and 44 malignant (invasive\nductal carcinoma) breast tissue volumetric OCT images. Also, &gt;96% accuracy in\nclassifying public datasets of ocular OCT images as normal, age-related macular\ndegeneration and diabetic macular edema. Additionally, we show ~96% test\naccuracy for classifying retinal images as belonging to choroidal\nneovascularization, diabetic macular edema, drusen, and normal samples on a\nlarge public dataset of more than 100,000 images. The performance of the\narchitecture is compared with transfer learning based deep neural networks.\nThrough this, we show that LightOCT can provide significant diagnostic support\nfor a variety of OCT images with sufficient training and minimal\nhyper-parameter tuning. The trained LightOCT networks for the\nthree-classification problem will be released online to support transfer\nlearning on other datasets.\n
Effect of antiadhesive agents on peritoneal carcinomatosis in an experimental model (2003)

Hyalobarrier-gel, HA and HA/CMC had no negative impact on the survival rate in mice that received an intraperitoneal implantation of HT29 colorectal human tumour cells.
Challenges and innovations in very-large CCD and CMOS imagers for professional imaging (2008)

This paper presents an overview of the specific challenges that need to be overcome to make very-large CCD and CMOS imagers, and presents some recent innovations in this area. The complete development chain is described: research, production and industrialization. It will be shown that by innovative design and technology concepts, high-quality very large area CCD and CMOS imagers can be made, even up to wafer size (6" for CCD, 8" for CMOS).
Microparticle-associated tissue factor activity is reduced by inhibition of the complement protein 5 in Neisseria meningitidis-exposed whole blood (2013)

Neisseria meningitidis causes fulminant meningococcal sepsis with a massive activation of the coagulation and complement cascades. Bacterial cell envelope molecules from N. meningitidis, particularly lipopolysaccharide (LPS), induce tissue factor (TF) expression. In meningococcal sepsis, TF can be detected on circulating monocytes and microparticles (MPs) within the bloodstream. During infection, Nm activates C5 and C5a, which also is able to induce TF. We evaluated the effect of eculizumab, a C5-blocking monoclonal antibodies (mAb), on cell- and MP-associated TF. Using a lepirudin-anticoagulated whole blood model, we activated the coagulation and complement cascades by N. meningitidis, and investigated the interaction between the cascade systems with special focus on cell-associated TF-expression (mRNA and protein) and MP-associated TF-dependent thrombin and fibrin generation in platelet-free plasma. We also examined the ability of TF-positive MPs to support clot formation in whole blood. In addition, the effect of corn trypsin inhibitor and time-dependent changes on MP-associated functional TF activity was examined. Inhibition of C5 reduced cell-associated TF expression at both gene and protein level, and reduced MP-associated TF-dependent thrombin and fibrin generation in platelet-poor plasma, MP-induced TF-dependent clot formation in whole blood, implying that the complement and coagulation cascades are interplayers in N. meningitidis-mediated activation of these cascades.
Stability and inner structure of high-speed lithium film flows for the neutron source in Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) (2016)

The stability and inner structures of high-speed liquid lithium film flows on the wall was studied hydrodynamically for the neutron source in Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) which makes cancers and tumors curable with cell-level selections and hence high QOL. The objective of our research is to materialize the thin and high-speed film flows of liquid lithium on the wall in a high vacuum as an accelerator target. Our current subject matter is to investigate the interactive coexistence with both inner structures each other; the potential core layer under the surface of a film flow and the boundary layer developing on the wall. The wall film flow like a wall jet has a potential core with uniform velocity profile on the side of the liquid free surface in the absence of the pressure gradient. Since the boundary layer on the wall is laminar or on the way to turbulent transition, the thickness of the boundary layer was estimated less than a half of the film thickness. The thickness of the potential core was therefore evaluated more than a half of one.
Comparisons between Common and Dedicated Reference Signals for MIMO Multiplexing Using Precoding in Evolved UTRA Downlink (2009)

This paper presents comparisons between common and dedicated reference signals (RSs) for channel estimation in MIMO multiplexing using codebook-based precoding for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) radio access in the Evolved UTRA downlink with frequency division duplexing (FDD). We clarify the best RS structure for precoding-based MIMO multiplexing based on comparisons of the structures in terms of the achievable throughput taking into account the overhead of the common and dedicated RSs and the precoding matrix indication (PMI) signal. Based on extensive simulations on the throughput in 2-by-2 and 4-by-4 MIMO multiplexing with precoding, we clarify that channel estimation based on common RSs multiplied with the precoding matrix indicated by the PMI signal achieves higher throughput compared to that using dedicated RSs irrespective of the number of spatial multiplexing streams when the number of available precoding matrices, i.e., the codebook size, is less than approximately 16 and 32 for 2-by-2 and 4-by-4 MIMO multiplexing, respectively.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis WhiB3 Maintains Redox Homeostasis by Regulating Virulence Lipid Anabolism to Modulate Macrophage Response (2009)

The metabolic events associated with maintaining redox homeostasis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) during infection are poorly understood. Here, we discovered a novel redox switching mechanism by which Mtb WhiB3 under defined oxidizing and reducing conditions differentially modulates the assimilation of propionate into the complex virulence polyketides polyacyltrehaloses (PAT), sulfolipids (SL-1), phthiocerol dimycocerosates (PDIM), and the storage lipid triacylglycerol (TAG) that is under control of the DosR/S/T dormancy system. We developed an in vivo radio-labeling technique and demonstrated for the first time the lipid profile changes of Mtb residing in macrophages, and identified WhiB3 as a physiological regulator of virulence lipid anabolism. Importantly, MtbDeltawhiB3 shows enhanced growth on medium containing toxic levels of propionate, thereby implicating WhiB3 in detoxifying excess propionate. Strikingly, the accumulation of reducing equivalents in MtbDeltawhiB3 isolated from macrophages suggests that WhiB3 maintains intracellular redox homeostasis upon infection, and that intrabacterial lipid anabolism functions as a reductant sink. MtbDeltawhiB3 infected macrophages produce higher levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, indicating that WhiB3-mediated regulation of lipids is required for controlling the innate immune response. Lastly, WhiB3 binds to pks2 and pks3 promoter DNA independent of the presence or redox state of its [4Fe-4S] cluster. Interestingly, reduction of the apo-WhiB3 Cys thiols abolished DNA binding, whereas oxidation stimulated DNA binding. These results confirmed that WhiB3 DNA binding is reversibly regulated by a thiol-disulfide redox switch. These results introduce a new paradigmatic mechanism that describes how WhiB3 facilitates metabolic switching to fatty acids by regulating Mtb lipid anabolism in response to oxido-reductive stress associated with infection, for maintaining redox balance. The link between the WhiB3 virulence pathway and DosR/S/T signaling pathway conceptually advances our understanding of the metabolic adaptation and redox-based signaling events exploited by Mtb to maintain long-term persistence.
Efficient diagnosis of single/double bridging faults with Delta Iddq probabilistic signatures and Viterbi algorithm (2002)

This paper presents an efficient method to diagnose single and double bridging faults. This method is based on Delta Iddq probabilistic signatures, as well as on the Viterbi algorithm, mainly used in telecommunications systems for error correction. The proposed method is a significant improvement over an existing one, based on maximum likelihood estimation. The (adapted) Viterbi algorithm takes into account useful information not considered previously. Simulation and experimental results are presented to validate the approach.