gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Crowdsourcing information via mobile devices as a migration enabler towards the SmartGrid (2011)

The high penetration of mobile devices is an indicator showing their impact to our daily life, witnessed via the diverse services offered through them. In the energy domain they can be used as a tool for bidirectional communication between the energy prosumers and the other envisioned actors in the SmartGrid. Most trials today require additional hardware installations at user's side in order to collect metering data and use it for energy optimization; however similar information can be acquired from the users and in many cases the quality of information may be comparative or better than the passive methods applied today (especially when considering estimated future user behavior). We believe that mobile devices can play a key role in user-assisted data acquisition and prediction, as well as empower approaches dealing with analytics, what-if simulations etc. In this capacity crowdsourcing energy information via the use of mobile devices can serve as an enabling technology until the SmartGrid and its services are fully deployed. We present here the key envisioned ideas, an architecture as well as a prototype implementation for their realization.
Kinetics and Mechanism of Proteinase-binding of Pregnancy Zone Protein (PZP). Appearance of Sulfhydryl Groups in Reactions with Proteinases (1991)

Proteinase binding by pregnancy zone protein (PZP), an alpha-macroglobulin involves bait region cleavages, association of dimeric-PZP into tetrameric and reaction of internal gamma-glutamyl-beta-cysteinyl thiol esters of PZP with proteinase side chains. The product is an equimolar enzyme-PZP(tetramer) covalently linked complex with four free sulfhydryl groups. The kinetics of the appearances of sulfhydryl groups during the reaction of PZP with chymotrypsin has been investigated using stopped-flow and conventional mixing techniques over a broad concentration range. Thiol ester cleavages followed double exponential decays corresponding with two steps. The faster one resulted in the appearance of three sulfhydryl groups with an observed rate constant, k(obs) = k1.1 + k1.2 delta E, dependent on the excess concentration of chymotrypsin, delta E, and k1.1 = 0.03 s-1 and k1.2 = 4 x 10(4) M-1 s-1. The last sulfhydryl group appeared in a slower step, with similar concentration dependence and k2.1 approximately 0.003 s-1 and k2.2 approximately 5 x 10(3) M-1s-1. Covalent binding of the enzyme apparently was simultaneous with the faster thiol ester cleavage step. Based on these and previous results a model of the reaction mechanism of the proteinase binding reaction of PZP is proposed. It consists of four major steps: (i) Bait region cleavage of PZP-dimers by the enzyme, (ii) fast association of enzyme-PZP(dimer) species with native PZP or with another enzyme-PZP(dimer) compound resulting in release of one of the associated enzyme molecules (iii) reaction of an average of three thiol esters of the enzyme-PZP(tetramer) intermediate with the associated internal enzyme molecule or with an external one. In this step one enzyme molecule becomes covalently linked to the PZP-(tetramer), three sulfhydryl groups appear and the enzymic activity of the bound enzyme molecule decreases to the level of that of the final complex. (iv) Hydrolysis of the last thiol ester and in the presence of excess enzyme, degradation of enzyme-PZP(tetramer) complexes and formation of fragments some of which are the size of PZP(dimer) with enzyme bound.
Enhanced coronary vasoconstriction to oxidative stress product, 8-epi-prostaglandinF2α, in experimental hypercholesterolemia (1999)

Experimental hypercholesterolemia leads to a significant increase in 8-epi-prostaglandinF2 alpha levels in addition to enhanced 8-epi-prostaglandinF2 alpha-induced coronary vasoconstriction, in vitro. These findings support a role for the F2-isoprostanes in the regulation of coronary vasomotor tone in pathophysiologic states.
Comparison of real-world outcomes of adalimumab and infliximab for patients with ulcerative colitis in the United States (2016)

Adalimumab and infliximab were similarly effective in the treatment of moderate-to-severe UC in the real-world clinical setting.
Eleventh-Century Commercial Developments in Angkor and Champa (1979)

Recent scholarship has speculated that there were two forms of “classical” Southeast Asian states in pre-modern Southeast Asia, one associated with the inland wet rice states of the Southeast Asian mainland and Java, and the other represented by the thalassocracy of Srivijaya. It is suggested that while the wet-rice states derived their income from the land, the Srivijaya state depended more upon income from its external contacts — income generated from Srivijaya's participation in the East-West international maritime route which passed through the Malacca Straits region. It is held, however, that the classical states, whether landed or maritime in their focus, had a good deal in common. One dominant characteristic of Southeast Asia's classical states was their “centre” orientation; each state's capital acted as the centre of the king's domain, the centre of his administration and royal cult, and the focus of the king's power and authority. The centre drew in the resources of the realm — tribute, talent, men, and goods — which were then used to support the ruler's power. Via various redistributive mechanisms, classical rulers tapped their centre's treasury to share these resources with their supporters: this redistribution sometimes took the form of direct payments, or more generally-this sharing of prosperity was indirect, as for example in the endowment of temples.
Crystal Structure of Uronate Dehydrogenase from Agrobacterium tumefaciens (2011)

Uronate dehydrogenase from Agrobacterium tumefaciens (AtUdh) belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase superfamily and catalyzes the oxidation of D-galacturonic acid and D-glucuronic acid with NAD(+) as a cofactor. We have determined the crystal structures of an apo-form of AtUdh, a ternary form in complex with NADH and product (substrate-soaked structure), and an inactive Y136A mutant in complex with NAD(+). The crystal structures suggest AtUdh to be a homohexamer, which has also been observed to be the major form in solution. The monomer contains a Rossmann fold, essential for nucleotide binding and a common feature of the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase family enzymes. The ternary complex structure reveals a product, D-galactaro-1,5-lactone, which is bound above the nicotinamide ring. This product rearranges in solution to D-galactaro-1,4-lactone as verified by mass spectrometry analysis, which agrees with our previous NMR study. The crystal structure of the mutant with the catalytic residue Tyr-136 substituted with alanine shows changes in the position of Ile-74 and Ser-75. This probably altered the binding of the nicotinamide end of NAD(+), which was not visible in the electron density map. The structures presented provide novel insights into cofactor and substrate binding and the reaction mechanism of AtUdh. This information can be applied to the design of efficient microbial conversion of D-galacturonic acid-based waste materials.
Real-time FMCW 3D imaging for various room-scale applications (2022)

FMCW depth imaging is a coherent 3D imaging modality analogous to SS-OCT. Due to constraints of mechanical steering mirrors, meter-scale FMCW depth cameras typically suffer from low data rates (<1Hz 3D map rate). Here, we describe the design and construction of a high-speed FMCW depth camera that employs a grating for beam steering and a telescope for angular FOV magnification. Our camera produces 3D depth maps at 33Hz, each consisting of 475x500 pixels, spanning a depth range of 32.8cm with sub-millimeter depth localization accuracy. Our FMCW depth camera is suitable for room-scale real-time 3D imaging applications, particularly computer vision applications.
On Spectral Design Methods for Quasi-Cyclic Codes (2018)

A method is provided for constructing upper triangular square matrices over the univariate polynomial ring over a finite field, under certain constraints on the eigenvalues of the matrices. In some cases of interest, the degree of the determinant of such matrices is shown to be the smallest possible. The method is then applied to construct generator polynomial matrices of quasi-cyclic codes for correcting phased burst errors. Finally, an interpolation-based list decoding algorithm is presented for these codes, which, for a wide range of code parameters, is shown to outperform existing list decoding schemes.
Accelerating sine and cosine evaluation with compiler assistance (2004)

Some software libraries add special entry points to enable both the sine and cosine to be evaluated with one call for performance purposes. We propose another method which does not involve new function names. By having the compiler front end recognize trigonometric function invocations, and replace them with a call to a common function which executes the code common to all the functions, followed by a short routine to produce the desired computation, it is possible to compute both the sine and cosine, when needed in about the same time as to compute only one of them.
Neutrino: revisiting memory caching for iterative data analytics (2016)

In-memory analytics frameworks such as Apache Spark are rapidly gaining popularity as they provide order of magnitude performance speedup over disk-based systems for iterative workloads. For example, Spark uses the Resilient Distributed Dataset (RDD) abstraction to cache data in memory and iteratively compute on it in a distributed cluster.

In this paper, we make the case that existing abtractions such as RDD are coarse-grained and only allow discrete cache levels to be used for caching data. This results in inefficient memory utilization and lower than optimal performance. In addition, relying on the programmer to enforce caching decisions for an RDD makes it infeasible for the system to adapt to runtime changes. To overcome these challenges, we propose Neutrino that employs fine-grained memory caching of RDD partitions and adapts to the use of different in-memory cache levels based on runtime characteristics of the cluster. First, it extracts a data flow graph to capture the data access dependencies between RDDs across different stages of a Spark application without relying on cache enforcement decisions from the programmer. Second, it uses a dynamic-programming based algorithm to guide caching decisions across the cluster and adaptively convert or discard the RDD partitions from the different cache levels.

We have implemented a prototype of Neutrino as an extension to Spark and use four different machine-learning workloads for performance evaluation. Neutrino improves the average job execution time by up to 70% over the use of Spark's native memory cache levels.
Efficient Asymmetric Synthesis of Radicicol Dimethyl Ether:  A Novel Application of Ring-Forming Olefin Metathesis (2000)

A concise, stereospecific synthesis of radicicol dimethyl ether is presented. The strategy relies on a convergent three-stage assembly of the 14-membered lactone which has, as a key transformation, a novel ring-forming metathesis reaction utilizing a vinyl epoxide.
Comparison of cervical spine kinematics using a fluoroscopic model for adjacent segment degeneration (2007)

Object In this cervical spine kinematics study the authors evaluate the motions and forces in the normal, degenerative, and fused states to assess how alteration in the cervical motion segment affects adjacent segment degeneration and spondylosis. Methods Fluoroscopic images obtained in 30 individuals (10 in each group with disease at C5–6) undergoing flexion/extension motions were collected. Kinematic data were obtained from the fluoroscopic images and analyzed with an inverse dynamic mathematical model of the cervical spine that was developed for this analysis. Results During 20° flexion to 15° extension, average relative angles at the adjacent levels of C6–7 and C4–5 in the fused patients were 13.4° and 8.8° versus 3.7° and 4.8° in the healthy individuals. Differences at C3–4 averaged only about 1°. Maximum transverse forces in the fused spines were two times the skull weight at C6–7 and one times the skull weight at C4–5, compared with 0.2 times the skull weight and 0.3 times the skull weight in the healthy individuals. Vertical forces ranged from 1.6 to 2.6 times the skull weight at C6–7 and from 1.2 to 2.5 times the skull weight at C4–5 in the patients who had undergone fusion, and from 1.4 to 3.1 times the skull weight and from 0.9 to 3.3 times the skull weight, respectively, in the volunteers. Conclusions Adjacent-segment degeneration may occur in patients with fusion due to increased motions and forces at both adjacent levels when compared with healthy individuals in a comparable flexion and extension range.
Sensors: A Highly Sensitive Diketopyrrolopyrrole‐Based Ambipolar Transistor for Selective Detection and Discrimination of Xylene Isomers (Adv. Mater. 21/2016) (2016)

An ambipolar organic field-effect transistor (OFET) based on poly(diketopyrrolopyrrole-terthiophene) (PDPPHD-T3) is shown by P. Sonar, H. Haick, and co-workers on page 4012 to sensitively detect xylene isomers at low to 40 ppm level in multiple sensing features. Combined with pattern-recognition algorithms, a sole ambipolar FET sensor, rather than arrays of sensors, is able to discriminate highly similar xylene structural isomers from each other.
EFFECTS OP DISORDER OH THE ELECTRONIC DENSITY OF STATES OP III-V COMPOUNDS (1974)

We investigate the effects of two types of disorder on the electronic density of states of III-V semiconductors using simple tight binding models and the empirical pseudopotential method.valuable information concerning the relationShip of the structural nature of an amorphous system to its density of states.We present a model of the density of states of amorphous GaAs, for each type of disorder, which we believe would be consistent with the present experimental radial distribution data.The effects of these types of disorder are discussed in general, and hopefully they will be useful in identifying specific types of disorder in amorphous samples.I. ' .'. ' ..
P913: LOW-DOSE BELANTAMAB MAFODOTIN (BELAMAF) IN COMBINATION WITH NIROGACESTAT VS BELAMAF MONOTHERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH RELAPSED/REFRACTORY MULTIPLE MYELOMA (RRMM): PHASE 1/2 DREAMM-5 PLATFORM SUB-STUDY 3 (2023)

Topic: 14. Myeloma and other monoclonal gammopathies - Clinical Background: Belantamab mafodotin (belamaf), a B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA)-targeting antibody-drug conjugate, is being developed to address an unmet need in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). DREAMM-5 (NCT04126200) is an ongoing Phase 1/2 platform study that incorporates a master protocol evaluating multiple belamaf-containing combinations in distinct sub-studies to identify efficacious combinations. Preclinical data suggest nirogacestat, a gamma-secretase inhibitor, may enhance anti-BCMA agent activity by increasing cell-surface BCMA levels. Aims: To compare the efficacy and safety of low-dose belamaf + nirogacestat versus belamaf alone in triple-class refractory patients with RRMM. Methods: Patients were randomized (1:1) to belamaf 0.95 mg/kg every three weeks (Q3W, low-dose) + nirogacestat 100 mg once daily (BID) or belamaf 2.5 mg/kg Q3W monotherapy. The primary objective was to assess the clinical activity (overall response rate [ORR]) of low-dose belamaf + nirogacestat combination in comparison with the monotherapy control arm. Results: Data from 34 patients with low-dose belamaf + nirogacestat and 37 patients with belamaf monotherapy are presented. Patients had a median (range) age of 68 (48–81) years and a median (range) of 5 (3–14) prior lines of therapy. As of the data cutoff (Dec 9, 2022), patients received a median (range) of 4 (1–20) cycles of the combination and 3 (1–9) monotherapy cycles. For the combination and monotherapy arms, respectively, ORR was 29% (95% CI 15.1, 47.5) and 38% (22.5, 55.2) (Table). Incidence of Grade ≥3 adverse events was 76% and 65%. Grade 3 ocular events were less frequent for low-dose belamaf + nirogacestat (29% vs 59%); no Grade 4 ocular events or new toxicities occurred in either arm. Four patients discontinued study treatment (combination therapy n=3; monotherapy n=1) due to adverse events unrelated to study treatment. Summary/Conclusion: Despite utilizing a belamaf dose and schedule that are expected to have limited activity as a monotherapy, low-dose belamaf + nirogacestat demonstrated an encouraging ORR with a substantial reduction of high-grade ocular events, indicating an increase in BCMA target density by nirogacestat. Furthermore, the efficacy and safety data from the monotherapy arm were consistent with DREAMM-2, DREAMM-3, and real-world evidence observed to date. These data support ongoing exploration in DREAMM-5 of belamaf + nirogacestat + standard of care agents in patients with RRMM. Funding: GSK (208887); drug linker technology licensed from Seagen Inc.; mAb produced using POTELLIGENT Technology licensed from BioWa; nirogacestat is manufactured and provided by SpringWorks Therapeutics as part of a collaborative agreement with GSK.Keywords: Multiple myeloma, B-cell maturation antigen, Relapse, Phase I/II
<title>Techniques for resilient transmission of JPEG video streams</title> (1995)

In this paper, we develop a transmission system, referred to as Dual Stream JPEG (DSJ), that improves the resiliency of JPEG video streams by unifying layered encoding with image scrambling techniques. Whereas layered encoding techniques naturally provide resiliency to isolated loss of low priority image data, scrambling techniques make is possible to distribute burst losses throughout the image. In DSJ, this unification is instantiated by employing the discrete cosine transform (DCT) to convert each 8 X 8 pixel block of an image into frequency domain, partitioning the resultant locks into high-priority DC coefficients and low-priority AC coefficients, and the scrambling the transmission of encoded blocks of AC coefficients. Furthermore, DSJ defines an adaptation layer that implements efficient error detection and recovery by including the sequence number and offset (relative to the beginning of the cell payload) of blocks carried in each cell. We have evaluated the performance of DSJ through extensive simulations. We present and analyze our results.
A switched-capacitor RF front end with embedded programmable high order filtering and a +15dBm OB-B1dB (2015)

A 0.1-0.7GHz switched-capacitor RF front end features tunable center frequency and programmable filter order as well as very high tolerance for out-of-band (OB) blockers. RF input impedance matching, N-path filtering, down-conversion, and high order IIR filtering are implemented using highly linear switches and capacitors only. The 3.24mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> 40nm CMOS front-end prototype consumes 38.5-76.5mA, achieves 24dBm OB-IIP3 and 14.7dBm B1dB for a 30MHz offset, 6.8 to 9.7dB NF, and >66dB calibrated harmonic rejection ratio.
Charge recombination electroluminescence in organic thin-film devices without charge injection from external electrodes (2004)

Organic thin-film electroluminescent (EL) devices with a double-insulated structure, Al electrode/polymer insulator layer/ambipolar EL layer/ITO nanoparticles layer/ambipolar EL layer/polymer insulator layer/ITO electrode, were fabricated. The ambipolar EL layer was the composition of poly (N-vinylcarbazole) as a hole transport material and 2,5-bis(4-naphthyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole as an electron transport material in 65∕35 molar ratio with added 0.6mole% coumarin-6 for emissive centers. When the devices were driven with ac voltage, bright surface emission (81cd∕m2 at 250V and 300kHz) was observed. Emission is due to the recombination of holes and electrons that are generated from ITO nanoparticles embedded in organic layers. Charge recombination EL is observed without charge injection from external electrodes in double-insulated organic EL devices.
Nonfibrillar diffuse amyloid deposition due to a gamma42-secretase site mutation points to an essential role for N-truncated Abeta42 in Alzheimer's disease (2000)

Amyloidogenic processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) with deposition in brain of the 42 amino acid long amyloid beta-peptide (A beta(42)) is considered central to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. However, it is generally believed that nonfibrillar pre-amyloid A beta(42) deposits have to mature in the presence of A beta(40) into fibrillar amyloid plaques to cause neurodegeneration. Here, we describe an aggressive form of AD caused by a novel missense mutation in APP (T714I) directly involving gamma-secretase cleavages of APP. The mutation had the most drastic effect on A beta(42)/A beta(40) ratio in vitro of approximately 11-fold, simultaneously increasing A beta(42) and decreasing A beta(40) secretion, as measured by matrix-assisted laser disorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. This coincided in brain with deposition of abundant and predominant nonfibrillar pre-amyloid plaques composed primarily of N-truncated A beta(42) in complete absence of A beta(40). These data indicate that N-truncated A beta(42) as diffuse nonfibrillar plaques has an essential but undermined role in AD pathology. Importantly, inhibiting secretion of full-length A beta(42 )by therapeutic targeting of APP processing should not result in secretion of an equally toxic N-truncated A beta(42).
Wearables, Implants, and Internet of Things: The Technology Needs in the Evolving Landscape (2016)

The proliferation of wearable and implantable computing devices in the recent years, and the emergence of the Internet of Things, have ushered in an era of computing characterized by an explosion in growth and diversification of computing platforms. Unfortunately, the traditional research silos in computing science and engineering appear inadequate for enabling and sustaining the requirements of this new computing era. This paper examines some of these key requirements, explains why the current computing abstractions and research silos are insufficient, and identifies several research challenges. The challenges cross-cut several computing disciplines, including programming languages, computer architecture, physical designs, security, algorithms, and analytics.
Do You See What I See? (2020)

A password is one of the oldest forms of authentication whose popularity has not waned. Passwords are easy to use, inexpensive to deploy, and are familiar by everyone. However, this comes with a cost. Passwords are easy to guess, difficult to remember when they are made complex and unique, and found everywhere on the Dark Web. The security usability paradox suggests that any improvements in security will result in a decrease in usability, and vice versa. In this paper, we examine the feasibility of a visual password system in which a traditional password is used, but with the additional capability of modifying the characters of the password to provide significantly higher levels of entropy.