gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Age and Gender Based Biomechanical Shape and Size Analysis of the Pediatric Brain (2008)

Injuries caused by motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) are the leading cause of head injury and death for children in the United States. This study aims to describe the shape and size (morphologic) changes of the cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem, and ventricles of the pediatric occupant to better predict injury and assess how these changes affect finite element model (FEM) response. To quantify morphologic differences in the brain, a Generalized Procrustes Analysis (GPA) with a sliding landmark method was conducted to isolate morphologic changes using magnetic resonance images of 63 normal subjects. This type of geometric morphometric analysis was selected for its ability to identify homologous landmarks on structures with few true landmarks and isolate the shape and size of the individuals studied. From the resulting landmark coordinates, the shape and size changes were regressed against age to develop a model describing morphologic changes in the pediatric brain as a function of age. The most statistically significant shape change was in the cerebrum with p-values of 0.00346 for males and 0.00829 for females. The age-based model explains over 80% of the variation in size in the cerebrum. Using size and shape models, affine transformations were applied to the SIMon FEM to determine differences in response given differences in size and size plus shape. The geometric centroid of the elements exceeding 15% strain was calculated and compared to the geometric centroid of the entire structure. Given the same Haversine pulse, the centroid location, a metric for the spatial distribution of the elements exceeding an injury threshold, varied based on which transformation was applied to the model. To assess the overall response of the model, three injury metrics were examined to determine the magnitude of the metrics each element sustained and the overall volume of elements that experienced that value. These results suggested that the overall response of the model was driven by the variation in size, with little variation due to changes in shape. This study demonstrates a new methodology to quantify the shape and size variation of the brain from infancy to adulthood. The use of the changes in shape and size when applied to a FEM suggests that there are differences in the spatial distribution of the elements that exceed a specific threshold based on shape but the overall volume of elements experiencing the specified magnitude was more dependent on the changes in the size of the model with little change due to shape.
Poly-p-phenylene Selenide and Poly-p-phenylene Telluride (1984)

We report the first syntheses of the selenium and tellurium analogs of the thermoplastic poly-p-phenylene sulfide (PPS), i.e., PPSe and PPTe, by reaction of p-dihalobenzenes with new alkali chalcogenide reagents under conditions significantly milder than those reported for PPS. The chemical, thermal, structural, and electrical properties of PPSe and PPTe are compared to those of PPS. While PPSe exhibits good thermal stability, PPTe is decomposed thermally under conditions significantly milder than PPS and PPSe. X-ray and electron diffraction studies of PPSe reveal a crystal structure isomorphous to that of PPS, while PPTe has a different structure. Analogous to PPS, exposure of PPSe to AsF5 results in an insulator-to-conductor transformation and structural crosslinking with a room temperature conductivity in the range 10-3 to 10-2 (ohm-cm)-1 being reached.
Correlating breakage-fusion-bridge events with the overall chromosomal instability and in vitro karyotype evolution in prostate cancer (2007)

Chromosomal instability (CIN) is thought to underlie the generation of chromosomal changes and genomic heterogeneity during prostatic tumorigenesis. The breakage-fusion-bridge (BFB) cycle is one of the CIN mechanisms responsible for characteristic mitotic abnormalities and the occurrence of specific classes of genomic rearrangements. However, there is little detailed information concerning the role of BFB and CIN in generating genomic diversity in prostate cancer. In this study we have used molecular cytogenetic methods and array comparative genomic hybridization analysis (aCGH) of DU145, PC3, LNCaP, 1532T and 1542T to investigate the in vitro role of BFB as a CIN mechanism in karyotype evolution. Analysis of mitotic structures in all five prostate cancer cell lines showed increased frequency of anaphase bridges and nuclear strings. Structurally rearranged dicentric chromosomes were observed in all of the investigated cell lines, and Spectral Karyotyping (SKY) analysis was used to identify the participating rearranged chromosomes. Multicolor banding (mBAND) and aCGH analysis of some of the more complex chromosomal rearrangements and associated amplicons identified inverted duplications, most frequently involving chromosome 8. Chromosomal breakpoint analysis showed there was a higher frequency of rearrangement at centromeric and pericentromeric genomic regions. The distribution of inverted duplications and ladder-like amplifications was mapped by mBAND and by aCGH. Adjacent spacing of focal amplifications and microdeletions were observed, and focal amplification of centromeric and end sequences was present, particularly in the most unstable line DU145. SKY analysis of this line identified chromosome segments fusing with multiple recipient chromosomes (jumping translocations) identifying potential dicentric sources. Telomere free end analysis indicated loss of DNA sequence. Moreover, the cell lines with the shortest telomeres had the most complex karyotypes, suggesting that despite the expression of telomerase, the reduced telomere length could be driving the observed BFB events and elevated levels of CIN in these lines.
ZnO/Polyethyleneimine Ethoxylated/Lithium Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide for Solution-Processed Electron Injection Layers in Organic Light-Emitting Devices (2019)

We applied lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (Li-TFSI) salt for electron injection layers (EILs) in solution-processed organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs). The application result indicates that the alone Li-TFSI EIL was insufficient. Meanwhile, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticle (NP)/polyethyleneimine ethoxylated (PEIE)/Li-TFSI trilayer was a highly efficient EIL compared with conventional lithium (Li) 8-quinolate and ZnO NPs/PEIE EILs and we realized a low-driving voltage OLED. Possibly, Li cations were reduced to Li atoms by the thermally evaporated aluminum (Al) atoms with adjacent Al cathode, and Li atoms reduced the work function of the cathode, resulting in the driving voltage reduction of the OLED. In the triple EIL structures, Li-TFSI was changed to magnesium and silver salts. Among the three types of TFSI salts, Li-TFSI exhibited the most efficient electron injection property.
Collapse and revival of excitations in Bose-Einstein condensates (2005)

We study the energies and decay of elementary excitations in weakly interacting Bose-Einstein condensates within a finite-temperature gapless second-order theory. The energy shifts for the high-lying collective modes turn out to be systematically negative compared with the Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov-Popov approximation and the decay of the low-lying modes is found to exhibit collapse and revival effects. In addition, perturbation theory is used to qualitatively explain the experimentally observed Beliaev decay process of the scissors mode.
A new polymorphic probe on chromosome 3p: λLIB19–63′ (D3S601) (1991)

XLIB09 -75' is a 3.8 kb EcoRI fragment isolated from a Charon 21 A human chromosome 3 library (1).Polymorphism: TaqI digestion of genomic DNA and hybridization with the probe detect a two-allele polymorphism: 3.8 kb (Al) and 3.5 kb (A2).Frequency: Estimated from 30 unrelated Caucasians.
332. ZFN-Mediated Minigene or Dinucleotide Gene Correction of p47phox Deficient Autosomal Recessive Chronic Granulomatous Disease iPSC to Generate Oxidase Functional Neutrophils (2015)

Chronic granulomatous disease is an immune deficiency caused by defective phagocyte NADPH oxidase resulting in severe infections and autoimmune complications. NCF1 gene mutations resulting in p47phox deficiency are the most common cause of autosomal-recessive chronic granulomatous disease (AR-CGD), and notably, >80% of patients have homozygous GT-deletions in exon 2, resulting in a frame shift, premature termination, and absence of p47phox expression. Here we show two nucleofection strategies for NCF1 gene correction using zinc-finger nuclease (ZFN) targeting the NCF1 locus in patient EBV-immortalized B cells and in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) derived from p47phox-deficient patients. With the first strategy, ZFN-mediated cut at start of exon 2 allows insertion of a minigene (NCF1 cDNA with deleted exon 1) to allow continuous transcription from the endogenous NCF1 exon 1 to the donor minigene exon 2 until the end of the cDNA and beta-globin polyadenylation signal. The second strategy takes advantage of the most prevalent GT-deletion by providing a dinucleotide corrective donor plasmid for gene editing using the same ZFNs. The two donors contain ~750 bp to 1000 bp flanking homology arms and also encode a selectable marker: a puromycin resistance gene flanked by loxP sites to allow for excision after selection. In patient EBV-immortalized B cells, minigene and dinucleotide targeted gene correction of constitutively active NCF1 was 8-20% after puromycin-selection from obtained clones. The rates of correction in iPSC were generally lower, less than 2%. Use of AAV2 vector to deliver dinucleotide corrective donor to iPSC increased insertion efficiency to >80% after puromycin selection. Gene corrected B cells for both correction strategies restored ROS function, shown by chemiluminescence assay. Neutrophils differentiated from gene corrected iPSCs demonstrated correction of oxidase activity by chemiluminescence or dihydrorhodamine flow cytometry assay. With both methods, p47phox protein expression is seen in neutrophils differentiated from iPSC but not in undifferentiated iPSC, demonstrating cell type-specific regulation of expression at the corrected locus. In summary, we show that iPSC generated from CGD patient cells can be gene corrected through a targeted dinucleotide correction method for greater than 80% of alleles and minigene correction for mutations other than the GT-deletions.
Abstract 1229: Pre-existing NY-ESO-1-specific T cell reactivity is associated with improved clinical outcome in castration resistant prostate cancer patients treated with Prostate GVAX and ipilimumab. (2013)

Abstract The effects of a GM-CSF-secreting allogeneic prostate cancer vaccine (Prostate GVAX) and the anti-CTLA4 antibody ipilimumab were investigated in a Phase I dose escalation/expansion trial of patients with metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (van den Eertwegh et al, Lancet Oncology, 13: 509-17 2012). The GVAX and ipilimumab combination treatment led to PSA declines of more than 50% (Partial Response, PR) in 5 of 28 patients, PSA stabilizations (Stable Disease, SD) in 12 of 28 patients and disease progression (PD) in 11 of 28 patients. Regressing bone and lymph node metastases were observed in 2/5 PR patients. As an indication of tumor antigen-specific responsiveness we analyzed serologic and T cell responses against NY-ESO-1 before, during and after treatment. NY-ESO-1 seroreactivity (determined by ELISA) was observed in seven of 28 patients (25%). Five patients were seropositive at baseline and 2 became seropositive following treatment; no significant correlations were found with clinical benefit or survival. NY-ESO-1 T cell reactivity was determined in 19 patients by IFNγ ELISPOT after stimulation with a peptide pool of overlapping 20-mer peptides covering the immunodominant region aa121-180. NY-ESO-1-specific T cell responses were detected in 13 of 19 patients (68%) at any time before or during treatment. Increases in the frequency of NY-ESO-1 specific T cells following treatment were only observed in five of these (26%). A remarkably high number of nine out of 19 patients (47%) already exhibited NY-ESO-1-specific T cell reactivity before treatment. Interestingly, three of four (75%) PR patients displayed pre-existing frequencies of NY-ESO-1 T cells, whereas these cells were only detected in six of 15 SD/PD (40%) patients. Moreover, patients with pre-existing NY-ESO-1 T cell reactivity demonstrated a significantly prolonged overall survival (p=0.044, log-rank test). These data suggest that baseline NY-ESO-1 T cell reactivity may have predictive value for the clinical outcome of prostate GVAX and/or ipilimumab treatment. Citation Format: Anita GM Stam, Saskia JAM Santegoets, Alfons JM van den Eertwegh, Rik J. Scheper, Sinéad M. Lougheed, Helen Gall, Karin Jooss, Natalie Sacks, Thomas Harding, Kristen Hege, Israel Lowy, Sacha Gnjatic, Jedd D. Wolchok, Winald R. Gerritsen, Tanja D. de Gruijl. Pre-existing NY-ESO-1-specific T cell reactivity is associated with improved clinical outcome in castration resistant prostate cancer patients treated with Prostate GVAX and ipilimumab. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1229. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1229
Characterization of murine subacromial bursal-derived cells (2021)

This study demonstrated the feasibility of harvesting murine subacromial bursal tissue and identified a cell population within the subacromial bursa with characteristics compatible to an accepted mesenchymal stem cell description. The results of this study suggest that the mouse subacromial bursal-derived cell population harbors mesenchymal stem cells. Murine subacromial bursal tissue is a potential source for obtaining cells with mesenchymal stem cell characteristics for future utilization in orthopedic research to look into treatment of rotator cuff pathology.
Stimulation via CD3-Ti but not CD2 induces rapid tyrosine phosphorylation of a 68-kDa protein in the human Jurkat T cell line. (1990)

Tyrosine phosphorylation is an early biochemical event associated with surface receptor triggering in many cellular systems. In T lymphocytes, Ag receptor (CD3-Ti) stimulation results in tyrosine phosphorylation of the CD3 zeta subunit. The tyrosine kinase responsible for this modification after CD3-Ti triggering has not been identified. Here we reported that a 68-kDa T cell membrane-associated protein (pp68) in human Jurkat T cells is phosphorylated on tyrosine residues within 1 min after anti-CD3 mAb addition. This induced tyrosine phosphorylation is detected either by in vivo [32P]orthophosphate labeling of the Jurkat T cells or by in vitro [32P]ATP labeling after immunoprecipitation by antiphosphotyrosine antibody. In contrast, mAb stimulation via CD2 and CD4 structures does not induce phosphorylation of pp68. These data are among the first to provide evidence that CD3-Ti and CD2 activation pathways are distinct. Furthermore, they imply that pp68 is itself a tyrosine kinase and/or is a rapidly phosphorylated substrate of a tyrosine kinase.
Experimental Validation of a Direct Fiber Model for Orientation Prediction (2020)

Predicting the fiber orientation of reinforced molded components is required to improve their performance and safety. Continuum-based models for fiber orientation are computationally very efficient; however, they lack in a linked theory between fiber attrition, fiber–matrix separation and fiber alignment. This work, therefore, employs a particle level simulation which was used to simulate the fiber orientation evolution within a sliding plate rheometer. In the model, each fiber is accounted for and represented as a chain of linked rigid segments. Fibers experience hydrodynamic forces, elastic forces, and interaction forces. To validate this fundamental modeling approach, injection and compression molded reinforced polypropylene samples were subjected to a simple shear flow using a sliding plate rheometer. Microcomputed tomography was used to measure the orientation tensor up to 60 shear strain units. The fully characterized microstructure at zero shear strain was used to reproduce the initial conditions in the particle level simulation. Fibers were placed in a periodic boundary cell, and an idealized simple shear flow field was applied. The model showed a faster orientation evolution at the start of the shearing process. However, agreement with the steady-state aligned orientation for compression molded samples was found.
Electro-Optic Characteristics in a Cholesteric Phase of Bimesogenic Liquid Crystals (2009)

In this paper, we present electro-optic characteristics in cholesteric phase of the bimesogenic material with the helical twist power [HTP] agent BDH1218. The cholesteric phase of such mixture is more stable than blue phase and frequency-dependent in its alternative-current electric field response. It shows multi-stable-like domain structure characterized by the frequency and voltage applied. There are two driving methods for operation as a display. One is changing voltage under each of high and low frequency. The other is changing frequencies under a high voltage. We consider that the electro-optic characteristics of this cholecteric phase could be applied to electro-optic storage devices since all obtained gray levels are realized as memory states.
Dynamic memory management design methodology for reduced memory footprint in multimedia and wireless network applications (2004)

New portable consumer embedded devices must execute multimedia and wireless network applications that demand extensive memory footprint. Moreover, they must heavily rely on dynamic memory (DM) due to the unpredictability of the input data (e.g. 3D streams features) and system behaviour (e.g. number of applications running concurrently defined by the user). Within this context, consistent design methodologies that can tackle efficiently the complex DM behaviour of these multimedia and network applications are in great need. In this paper, we present a new methodology that allows to design custom DM management mechanisms with a reduced memory footprint for such kind of dynamic applications. The experimental results in real case studies show that our methodology improves memory footprint 60% on average over current state-of-the-art DM managers.
Characteristics of phase contrast in STEM (1978)

Observation of atoms and elemental analysis of micro-area by energy analyzer have been made with our field emission scanning transmission electron microscope(FESTE M), whose point resolution is around o.3nm, and the phase contrast resolution is better than 0.2nm(Fig. 1). With this instrument, the fundamental characteristics of phase contrast images were studied. Especially it is interesting to know if illuminating electron beam can get information of lattice spacing when the spacing is fairly larger than the spot diameter, and the behavior of lattice image by STEM is the same as that obtained by CTEM. In the present experiment, phase contrast, bright field and dark field images are observed under the detecting angles of β 1 ≤ 10 -3 rad., β 2 ≤ 10 -2 rad. and rad, respectively (Fig. 2). Th-phthalocyanine is selected as a specimen whose lattice spacing (d=1.34nm) is quite larger than the point resolution of the STEM (Fig. 3). The bright and dark field images are found to be almost the same at any defocus, except the reversed contrast
Cooperative Integration Of Harvesting Rf Sections For Passive Rfid Communication (2015)

This paper proposes a novel cooperative composite energy harvesting system that consists in the association of a traditional passive UHF Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) chip with an Electromagnetic Energy Harvesting Circuit (EEH-C). The objective is to exploit the i-v nonlinearity of the rectifier by applying a signal with time-varying envelope in order to improve the RF-to-dc conversion efficiency. Thanks to a multisource configuration, i.e., an RFID reader at 0.868 GHz and an external source at 2.45 GHz, the EEH-C is able to rectify the 3<sup>rd</sup> harmonic product of the RFID chip, in addition to the 2.45 GHz signal, without compromising the RFID communication. Additionally, digitally modulated signals are used at 2.45 GHz to further enhance the harvesting efficiency of the EEH-C. From theory, simulations and measurement it is demonstrated that the exploitation of the three nonlinear effects of rectifying circuits, i.e., (i) impedance power dependency, (ii) harmonic signals production, and (iii) waveform dependency can greatly improve the conversion efficiency of the EEH-C.
Direct chill casting of aluminium–manganese against aluminium–silicon layer via Novelis Fusion process (2007)

Novelis has recently introduced an innovative multialloy, multilayered aluminium ingot solidification technology which allows the production of a variety of engineered clad products on a commercial scale. It is now possible to select appropriate combinations of clad and core alloys to produce unique combinations of mechanical properties, forming and surface characteristics superior to either monolithic material alone. It has been shown that the Novelis Fusion interface is oxide film and porosity free. This paper analyses the interplay of the aforementioned alloy combinations giving particular attention to the cast intermetallics, the diffusion of silicon and the population of secondary phase particles (dispersoids) at the interface.
Mask Compliant Precoder for OFDM Spectrum Shaping (2013)

In this letter, a precoder for shaping the spectrum of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is presented. Unlike existing methods that focus on minimizing or forcing the sidelobes to zero, the proposed precoder is designed with the goal of controlling the out-of-band emissions beneath a particular power level without impacting the bit error rate (BER) performance. A small distortion is added to the information symbols forcing the emitted spectrum under a prescribed radio frequency mask. Obtained results show that the BER performance of the proposed precoder is similar to that of uncoded OFDM under relaxed masks. Moreover, the effect of the proposed precoder on edge subcarriers is investigated. Error vector magnitude (EVM) per subcarrier shows the designed precoder introduces more distortion on edge subcarriers. Consequently, the proposed precoder when combined with adaptive modulation provides further improvement in BER performance under strict masks.
Identification of Agents Targeting Ftsz Assembly (2016)

Filamenting temperature-sensitive mutant Z (FtsZ), an essential cell division protein in bacteria, has recently emerged as an important and exploitable antibacterial target. Cytokinesis in bacteria is regulated by the assembly dynamics of this protein, which is ubiquitously present in eubacteria. The perturbation of FtsZ assembly has been found to have a deleterious effect on the cytokinetic machinery and, in turn, upon cell survival. FtsZ is highly conserved among prokaryotes, offering the possibility of broad-spectrum antibacterial agents, while its limited sequence homology with tubulin (an essential protein in eukaryotic mitosis) offers the possibility of selective toxicity. This review aims to summarize current knowledge regarding the mechanism of action of FtsZ, and to highlight existing attempts toward the development of clinically useful inhibitors.
A new synthesis of ampicillin and related investigations (1976)

Abstract Quaternization of (S)‐α‐bromophenylacetic acid amide (8) with hexamethylentetramine (hexamine) preceded with ca. 80% inversion of configuration. Accordingly, starting from the trimethylsilylester of N ‐(S)‐(α‐bromo‐α‐phenylacetyl)‐6‐aminopenicillanic acid (4) quaternization with hexamine and subsequent hydrolysis afforded N ‐(R)‐α‐phenylglycyl‐6‐aminopenicillanic acid (1, ampicillin). Some other model reactions have been investigated.