gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anticoagulants in thrombosis and cancer: the missing link (2002)

Many cancer patients reportedly have hypercoaguable state, with recurrent thrombosis due to the impact of cancer cells and chemotherapy on the coagulation cascade. A number of retrospective studies showed that cancer patients are at higher risk of developing venous thromboembolism. In addition to the pathological mechanisms associated with tumor-mediated increase in thrombotic events, cancer therapies including chemotherapy, immobilization, cancer surgery and the use of central venous catheters contribute toward a hypercoaguable state and are therefore independent risk factors of venous thromboembolism in cancer patients. Studies have demonstrated that unfractionated heparin or low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) interferes with various processes involved in tumor growth and metastasis. These processes might include fibrin formation, binding of heparin to angiogenic growth factors--such as basic fibroblast growth factor and VEGF--modulation of tissue factor, release of tissue factor pathway inhibitor and other mechanisms. Clinical trials have suggested an improved efficacy of LMWH, as compared with UFH on the survival of cancer patients with deep vein thrombosis. Similarly, the impact of warfarin on the survival of cancer patients with thromboembolic disorders was demonstrated. Recent studies from our laboratory defined the role of the LMWH (tinzaparin), warfarin, antifactor VIIa and recombinant tissue factor pathway inhibitor in the modulation of angiogenesis, tumor growth and tumor metastasis.
Stimulation of the Uptake of α-Aminoisobutyric Acid in Rat Thymocytes by L-Triiodothyronine: A Comparison with Insulin and Dibutyryl Cyclic AMP (1975)

L-Triiodothyronine in vitro increased the uptake of the non-metabolizable amino acid, alpha-aminoisobutyrate, into isolated rat thymocytes. This effect was evident at extracellular free hormone concentrations of 10-7 to 5 times 10-8M and was due to a marked inhibition of amino acid efflux. In contrast, insulin and dibutyryl cyclic AMP, which also increased uptake in these cells, acted to stimulate amino acid influx. When L-triiodothyronine was added to maximally effective concentrations of either insulin or dibutyryl cyclic AMP, the resultant effect was the sum of the effect of each hormone added individually. These studies extended previous observations which indicate that thyroid hormones stimulate the cellular uptake of amino acids, and they provide a convenient system for the study of thyroid hormone action in vitro.
Small molecule inhibition of phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP3) binding to pleckstrin homology domains (2010)

The PI3-kinase (PI3K) pathway regulates many cellular processes, especially cell metabolism, cell survival, and apoptosis. Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3), the product of PI3K activity and a key signaling molecule, acts by recruiting pleckstrin-homology (PH) domain-containing proteins to cell membranes. Here, we describe a new structural class of nonphosphoinositide small molecule antagonists (PITenins, PITs) of PIP3-PH domain interactions (IC(50) ranges from 13.4 to 31 μM in PIP3/Akt PH domain binding assay). PITs inhibit interactions of a number of PIP3-binding PH domains, including those of Akt and PDK1, without affecting several PIP2-selective PH domains. As a result, PITs suppress the PI3K-PDK1-Akt pathway and trigger metabolic stress and apoptosis. A PIT-1 analog displayed significant antitumor activity in vivo, including inhibition of tumor growth and induction of apoptosis. Overall, our studies demonstrate the feasibility of developing specific small molecule antagonists of PIP3 signaling.
Physiological regulation of acute inflammation by A2A adenosine receptor (2005)

Abstract The activation of Gs‐coupled A 2A adenosine receptor on the surface of immune cells increases levels of immunosuppressive cyclic AMP and leads to inhibition of secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, which, in turn, results in downregulation of acute inflammation. The role of A 2A receptors in the regulation of inflammation appears to be non‐redundant. Small doses of inflammatory stimulus induce high levels of proinflammatory cytokines and extensive tissue injury in A 2A receptor‐deficient ( Adora2a −/− ) mice leading to death due to unregulated inflammatory damage. The gene‐dose effect of A 2A receptor expression in T cells suggests that there are no spare A 2A receptors and that the final outcome of immune cell activation may be dependent on the number of these receptors on the individual immune cells. Heterozygous ( Adora2a +/− ) mice express decreased levels of A 2A receptor on the surface and adenosine‐induced cAMP‐accumulation of immune cells was lower than in wild‐type. Thus, the number of A 2A receptors determines cAMP response to adenosine and may pre‐determine the immunosuppressive role of adenosine. Drug Dev Res 64:172–177, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Using system simulation to evaluate design choices for automotive ethernet over plastic optical fiber (2018)

The growing bandwidth demands of advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) and infotainment technologies make Gigabit Ethernet over plastic optical fiber (POF) a natural choice for next-generation automotive data networks, especially in light of the recent approval of the IEEE 802.3bv standard for Gigabit Ethernet transmission over POF. POF-based transmission provides the advantages of low cost, light weight, easy termination, durability, and immunity to electromagnetic interference (EMI), while Gigabit Ethernet extends the current maximum data rate of 150 Mb/s provided by Media Oriented Systems Transport (MOST). Thus, we examine important design choices that impact the performance of POF-based automotive data links for data rates up to and beyond 1 Gb/s and different choices of modulation format, including NRZ and PAM-n. Because simulation is an efficient and cost-effective solution for studying the complex interplay of multiple design choices without requiring physical prototypes, we base our analysis on a comprehensive modeling framework for optical communication systems incorporating large-core step-index fiber and fiber-to-fiber connectors. We study anticipated system performance in terms of bandwidth and BER for different choices of link length and connector count, including the IEEE 802.3bv targets of 15 meters with four connectors and 40 meters with no connectors. In addition, we consider the impact of connector misalignments (both lateral and longitudinal) and source launch profile (measured in terms of its encircled angular flux, or EAF), which also directly affect link bandwidth.
Short circuit signatures from different wind turbine generator types (2011)

Modern wind power plants are required and designed to ride through faults in the network, subjected to the fault clearance and following grid code demands. Beside voltage support during faults, the wind turbine fault current contribution is important to establish the correct settings for the relay of the protections. The following wind turbine generator during faults have been studied: (i) induction generator, (ii) induction generator with variable rotor resistance (iii) converter-fed rotor (often referred to as DFIG) and (iv) full scale converter. To make a clear comparison and performance analysis during faults, and the consequent effects on substation protections, the aforementioned configurations have been simulated using PSCAD/EMTDC, with the same power plant configuration, electrical grid and generator data. Additionally, a comparison of these wind turbine technologies with a conventional power plant, with a synchronous generator, has been simulated. This paper addresses the difficulties that distance or overcurrent relays can experience when they are used in wind power plants. Whereas the short circuit contribution from power plants with synchronous generators can be calculated on the basis of the machine parameters alone, for wound rotor asynchronous and full scale generators power plants, the converters or rotor circuitry representation have to be taken into account for short circuit current studies and relay settings.
Digital holographic reflectometry (2010)

Digital holographic microscopy (DHM) is an interferometric technique that allows real-time imaging of the entire complex optical wavefront (amplitude and phase) reflected by or transmitted through a sample. To our knowledge, only the quantitative phase is exploited to measure topography, assuming homogeneous material sample and a single reflection on the surface of the sample. In this paper, dual-wavelength DHM measurements are interpreted using a model of reflected wave propagation through a three-interfaces specimen (2 layers deposited on a semi-infinite layer), to measure simultaneously topography, layer thicknesses and refractive indices of micro-structures. We demonstrate this DHM reflectometry technique by comparing DHM and profilometer measurement of home-made SiO(2)/Si targets and Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) sputter craters on specimen including different multiple layers.
Attenuation of hypercapnic carbon dioxide chemosensitivity after postinfarction exercise training: possible contribution to the improvement in exercise hyperventilation (2003)

After acute myocardial infarction, exercise hyperventilation is seen in association with aging, enhanced hypercapnic CO(2) chemosensitivity, and reduced TLCO, even in the absence of overt heart failure. The correlation of VE/VCO(2) attenuation after training with the reduction in CO(2) chemosensitivity suggests that exercise training may reduce increased VE/VCO(2) slope, at least partially by reducing CO(2) chemosensitivity.
Self-homodyne coherent detection in multi-core fiber links (2014)

We summarize recent work on self-homodyne detection in multi-core fiber links including transmission, networking experiments and a comparison with intradyne detection before drawing conclusions about the feasibility and gaps in current knowledge.
Description of nitrogen incorporation and release in ADM1 (2006)

ADM1 represents a universally applicable biokinetic model for the mathematical description of anaerobic digestion of different types of organic substrates. Digestion of particulate composites is described as a five-stage process involving disintegration, hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis and methanogenesis, of which the last three process steps are represented by growth kinetics of the specific degrading biomass. Decay of the produced biomass according to ADM1 is depicted by a recycle mass flux to the composite particulate substrate. Consequently two different actions are lumped into one process describing both conversion of feed substrate (depending primarily on influent characterisation) and generation of decay products (depending on digestion performance). In this presentation the introduction of a separate compound of inert decay products in analogy to ASM1 is suggested. Model calibration of separately monitored digestion of primary and secondary sludge (nitrogen content 0.030 g N/g TSS and 0.051 g N/g TSS, respectively) reveals the advantage of a clear distinction of disintegration and decay. The fate of nitrogen in the course of incorporation and release (0.016 g N/g TSS compared to 0.028 g N/g TSS) during digestion processes is comprehensible and the final ammonia concentration in the rejection water becomes predictable.
Demonstration of ultra-small 5 × 5 μm2 607 nm InGaN amber micro-light-emitting diodes with an external quantum efficiency over 2% (2022)

Red micro-size light-emitting diodes (μLEDs) less than 10 × 10 μm2 are crucial for augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) applications. However, they remain very challenging since the common AlInGaP red μLEDs with such small size suffer from a dramatic reduction in the external quantum efficiency. In this work, we demonstrate ultra-small 5 × 5 μm2 607 nm amber μLEDs using InGaN materials, which show an EQE over 2% and an ultra-low reverse current of 10−9 A at −5 V. This demonstration suggests promising results of ultra-small InGaN μLEDs for AR and VR displays.
Assessment technique for computer-aided manufactured sockets (2011)

This article presents an assessment technique for testing the quality of prosthetic socket fabrication processes at computer-aided manufacturing facilities. The assessment technique is potentially useful to both facilities making sockets and companies marketing manufacturing equipment seeking to assess and improve product quality. To execute the assessment technique, an evaluator fabricates a collection of test models and sockets using the manufacturing suite under evaluation, then measures their shapes using scanning equipment. Overall socket quality is assessed by comparing socket shapes with electronic file (e-file) shapes. To characterize carving performance, model shapes are compared with e-file shapes. To characterize forming performance, socket shapes are compared with model shapes. The mean radial error (MRE), which is the average difference in radii between the two compared shapes, provides insight into sizing quality. Interquartile range (IQR), the range of radial error for the best-matched half of the points on the compared socket surfaces, provides insight into regional shape quality. The source(s) of socket shape error may be pinpointed by separately determining MRE and IQR for carving and forming. The developed assessment technique may provide a useful tool to the prosthetics community and industry to help identify problems and limitations in computer-aided manufacturing and give insight into appropriate modifications to overcome them.
Advanced modelling of doubly fed induction generator wind turbine under network disturbance (2005)

This paper presents a variable speed wind turbine simulator. The simulator is used for a 2 MW wind turbine transient behavior study during a short-term symmetrical network disturbance. The mechanical part of wind turbine model consists of the rotor aerodynamic model, the wind turbine control and the drive train model. The Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) is represented by an analytical two-axis model with constant lumped parameters and by Finite Element Method (FEM) based model. The model of the DFIG is coupled with the model of the passive crowbar protected and DTC controlled frequency converter, the model of the main transformer and a simple model of the grid. The simulation results obtained by means of the detailed wind turbine model are compared with the results obtained from a simplified simulator with an analytical model and FEM model of DFIG. The comparison of the results shows the influence of the different modeling approaches on the short-term transient simulation accuracy.
Long Lifetime Orbits for the Observation of Europa (2018)

The lifetime of a probe moving at low altitude around Europa is strictly correlated, other than to the effects due to the interaction with Jupiter’s magnetic field, but also to the eccentricity variations of its orbit because of a possible collision with the lunar surface. Thus, the knowledge of such variations plays a key role in designing missions that provide remotely sensed images of this moon at high spatial resolution. Accordingly, the behavior of this orbit element has been investigated here, taking into account the nonperfect coplanarity between the orbital plane of Jupiter, in its relative motion with respect to Europa, and the equatorial plane of the moon. The study has been conducted considering a double-averaged expression for the disturbing potential coming from the terms and of Europa’s gravitational field plus Jupiter’s gravity gradient. In this context, also to guarantee extended latitudinal coverage of the moon, the attention has been focused mainly on high inclination orbits. The results have highlighted the possibility of considerably extending the lifetime by choosing appropriately the initial conditions on the argument of pericenter of the orbit probe.
Identification and characterization of locus-specific methylation patterns within novel loci undergoing hypermethylation during breast cancer pathogenesis (2014)

Specific loci can undergo either heterogeneous or full methylation during carcinogenesis, and loci hypermethylated in cancer frequently show low-level methylation in nonmalignant tissue.
Influence of copolymeric poly(diethylene glycol) terephthalate on the thermal stability of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (1974)

Abstract Copolymers of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) containing 1–24% poly(diethylene glycol)terephthalate (PDEGT) were prepared and characterized by infrared spectra. The energy and entropy of activation for the thermal degradation were measured for these copolymers and for the PDEGT. These activation energies and energies and entropies were found to decrease steadily with increasing diethylene glycol content. From these measurements the mechanism of degradation of PDEGT was found to be different from that of PET. Fibers prepared from seven different copolymeric compositions were heat‐aged at 121°C and 204°C for 24 hr. From the changes observed in intrinsic viscosity, per cent ether, hydroxyl and carboxyl endgroups during heat aging it became apparent that the mechanisms for decomposition are operative below melt temperatures and can rapidly destroy such copolymers.
Color-to-Grayscale: Does the Method Matter in Image Recognition? (2012)

In image recognition it is often assumed the method used to convert color images to grayscale has little impact on recognition performance. We compare thirteen different grayscale algorithms with four types of image descriptors and demonstrate that this assumption is wrong: not all color-to-grayscale algorithms work equally well, even when using descriptors that are robust to changes in illumination. These methods are tested using a modern descriptor-based image recognition framework, on face, object, and texture datasets, with relatively few training instances. We identify a simple method that generally works best for face and object recognition, and two that work well for recognizing textures.
Supplementary Figure Legends 1-4 from MiR-122/Cyclin G1 Interaction Modulates p53 Activity and Affects Doxorubicin Sensitivity of Human Hepatocarcinoma Cells (2023)

Supplementary Figure Legends 1-4 from MiR-122/Cyclin G1 Interaction Modulates p53 Activity and Affects Doxorubicin Sensitivity of Human Hepatocarcinoma Cells
Enhanced expression of specific cell cycle markers in stem cell enriched areas in glioblastoma. (2007)

A100 Glioblastoma is a notoriously heterogeneous cancer of the central nervous system which rarely metastasizes but has a high propensity for extensive local diffuse invasion of the adjacent brain. Recently, my research team at VCU has prospectively collected regional biopsies from tumor periphery and core of glioblastoma (GBM) and other tumors, with the intent to study the regional differences in gene expression which might arise from different microenvironments within the tumor. In a study comparing invasive rim versus perinecrotic core samples of 12 untreated glioblastomas, we identified the neural stem cell marker Sox-11 as one of a suite of CNS stem cell-related genes up-regulated in the tumor rim using Affymetrix microarrays, quantitative PCR, immunostaining and western blotting. Importantly, Sox-11 expression was tightly correlated with expression of the cell cycle markers including TOPO2A, NUSAP, SKIP1, and Ki67, as well as CD133 and Nestin expression levels in the Affymetrix datasets and by qPCR. Sox-11 expression predicted poor overall survival in an independent cohort of 50 GBM specimens. Down-regulation of Sox-11 U251MG and primary GBM cells in vitro using siRNA led to decreased Sox-11 protein expression and diminished cell growth. Other transcriptional regulators of interest were also identified in this work, including the gene Lhx2, which is similarly reported to be up-regulated during proliferative periods in the developing neocortex, and which has been implicated in maintenance of stem cell phenotype in neuroectodermally derived cells. Given the proposed role of CNS stem cells as tumor initiating cells, current studies are testing the hypothesis that poor overall survival is a direct result of the role of cancer stem cells in generating rapidly proliferating Sox-11 expressing progenitors. These studies indicate that gene expression differences between host endogenous CNS stem cell versus tumor CNS stem cells can be discerned and may allow tumor initiating cell-specific targeting in vivo.
Graded crush of the rat optic nerve as a brain injury model: combining electrophysiological and behavioral outcome (1990)

In the present study, we have developed an animal model for central nervous system (CNS) damage using the graded crush injury of the adult rat optic nerve. This injury model has the following characteristics: (a) the injuries are reproducible; (b) the injuries can be created with controlled severity; and (c) variations in the severity of the injuries correlate with definable electrophysiological and behavioral outcomes. Self-closing forceps, modified by attaching a screw to the handle, were used as a lesion-causing device. Rat optic nerves were crushed in vitro. The severity of the injury, calibrated by a measured applied force, was determined, electrophysiologically, in vitro. Compound action potential was assessed and recorded by suction electrodes connected to both sides of the nerve. In vivo studies correlated the calibrated crush injuries with behavioral outcome. After severe crush (applied force: 205 g or higher), the rats were unable to orient towards visual stimuli presented in the visual field of the damaged nerve and only minor transient recovery was observed. After moderate crush (applied force: 120 g), however, there was a significant recovery of orienting performance up to the 6th postoperative day, followed by a gradual, secondary loss of function. In the mildly injured group (applied force lower than 30 g), functional improvement continued for up to 10 days and remained stable thereafter, with only minor secondary loss. This CNS graded injury model may be valuable to study the molecular and anatomical mechanisms underlying secondary degeneration and the potency of various posttraumatic treatments in leading to recovery of function.
Fundamental limits of high-efficiency silicon and compound semiconductor power amplifiers in 100-300 GHz bands (2021)

This paper reviews the requirements for future digital arrays in terms of power amplifier requirements for output power and efficiency and the device technologies that will realize future energy-efficient communication and sensing electronics for the upper millimeter-wave bands (100-300 GHz). Fundamental device technologies are reviewed to compare the needs for compound semiconductors and silicon processes. Power amplifier circuit design above 100 GHz is reviewed based on load line and matching element losses. We present recently presented class-A and class-B PAs based on a InP HBT process that have demonstrated record efficiency and power around 140 GHz while discussing circuit techniques that can be applied in a variety of integrated circuits.
The antenna–transducer mechanical coupling design for the Schenberg detector (2004)

We are designing microwave parametric transducers to be used in the Brazilian gravitational wave detector. In this paper, we explain the technical constraints used to design the mechanical parts of these transducers. The transducer and the antenna have been modelled by a finite element model (FEM) and the corresponding dynamical equations have been solved using the Msc/Nastran software. We have used the FEM analysis results in an iterative way, adjusting the geometric parameters in each step. Using this procedure we were able to calculate the transducer mechanical structure by positioning its main resonance frequency to the value of the sphere's quadrupolar mode frequency in order to design the best possible mechanical coupling and increasing transducer efficiency.