gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
789-P: Evaluating the Feasibility of Incorporating Nonglucose Signals in Automated Insulin Delivery System (2022)

Introduction: There is need to improve glucose control and QoL for type 1 diabetes (T1D) using automated insulin delivery (AID) . We evaluated non-glucose signals in subjects with T1D on AID using the multi-functional Empatica E4 device (E4) . Method: During a 2-week prospective AID study for 12 participants with T1D, pharmacological stress was induced with three doses of hydrocortisone delivered at 9 am (40 mg) , 1 pm (20 mg) , and 5 pm (20 mg) . Frequent salivary cortisol measurements confirmed pharmacologic stress. The correlation of normalized power spectral density (PSD) of Electrodermal activity (EDA) data from E4 with the salivary cortisol (SC) gold standard was evaluated. EDA PSD was computed at min windows before and after the hydrocortisone administration. Subsequently, the impact of SC and EDA PSD on CGM and insulin delivery data was analyzed. Pearson's moment (R value) was utilized to evaluate correlation between two variables. Results: Significant change in SC was observed after each dosage: 159.6 ±88.6 ng/dL before to 18247.6 ±18834 ng/dL after (Dose 1/D1) , 1911.9 ±7ng/dL to 7716.1±4485 ng/dL (D2) , and 798.4 ±629 ng/dL to 7458.1±9995 ng/dL (D3) . A positive change was also noted in the EDA PSD with all three doses: -96.5±13.9 dB/Hz to -95.5 ±21.2 dB/Hz (D1) , -96.1±14.02 dB/Hz to -94.6 ±9.1db/Hz (D2) , and -85.9 ±23.6dB/Hz to -81.6 ±23.6dB/Hz (D3) . R value between EDA PSD and SC was 0.82 (p = 0.015) . The post lunch time in hyperglycemia was 78.7 %±9.7 (p = 0.0paired t-test) with an average insulin delivery of 10.36 U±2.24 Conclusions: There is significant effect of pharmacological stress on cortisol and EDA PSD. AID has poor postprandial glycemic outcomes with pharmacological stress indicating need for detecting stress and updating control strategy. E4 EDA can be utilized to monitor pharmacological stress and can be incorporated for testing in Next Gen AID. Disclosure A.Banerjee: None. R.Kaur: None. I.Zaniletti: None. M.Church: None. S.K.Mccrady-spitzer: None. D.Desjardins: None. S.Gupta: None. Y.C.Kudva: Advisory Panel; Novo Nordisk, Research Support; Dexcom, Inc., Hemsley Charitable Trust, JDRF, National Institutes of Health, Roche Diabetes Care, Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. Funding JDRF grant (2-SRA-2017-503-M-B)
Those Numbered Days: An Autoethnography on Living and Dying with a Cancer Patient (2018)

Doing research on cancer patients often involves painful journeys through the processes of involvement and detachment with research settings and participants. It is a self-transforming event to see close cared for people die. Yet frequently these experiences remain unreported in academic writing. The present article attempts to depict the narratives of attachment in the context of terminal illness and detachment as a consequence of death of the research participant, Jabbar, to reflect on such a journey. It focuses on the formation of a relationship beyond the boundaries of the purposes of research to reflect on two related issues, first, the nature of attachments and relationship building that goes in parallel to the formal dimensions of the research, and second, emotions, self-transformation and contextual embeddedness of doing research with terminally ill cancer patients.
Electron Transfer Quenching of the Rose Bengal Triplet State (1997)

The potential for electron transfer quenching of rose bengal triplet (3RB2-) to compete with energy transfer quenching by oxygen was evaluated. Rate constants for oxidative and reductive quenching were measured in buffered aqueous solution, acetonitrile and in small unilamellar liposomes using laser flash photolysis. Biologically relevant quenchers were used that varied widely in structure, reduction potential and charge. Radical ion yields (phi i) were measured by monitoring the absorption of the rose bengal semireduced (RB.3-) and semioxidized (RB.-) radicals. The results in solution were analyzed as a function of the free energy for electron transfer (delta G) calculated using the Weller equation including electrostatic terms. Exothermic oxidative quenching was about 10-fold faster than exothermic reductive quenching in aqueous solution. The quenching rate constants decreased as delta G approached zero in both aqueous and acetonitrile solution. Exceptions to these generalizations were observed that could be rationalized by specific steric or electrostatic effects or by a change in mechanism. The results suggest that electron transfer reactions with some potential quenchers in cells could compete with formation of singlet oxygen [O2(1 delta g)]. Values of phi i were generally greater for reductive quenching and, for oxidative quenching, greater in acetonitrile than in buffer. Electron transfer quenching of 3RB2- in liposomes, below the phase transition temperature was slower than in solution for both lipid-soluble and water-soluble quenchers indicating that these reactions may not compete with formation of O2(1 delta g) during cell photosensitization.
Control of a flexible finger using electro-conjugate fluid (2011)

An electro-conjugate fluid (ECF) is a kind of functional fluid, which produces a powerful flow when subjected to high DC voltage. It is known that a strong ECF flow is generated under non-uniform electric field, for example, the field with a pair of needle and ring electrodes. The ECF flow could be used as a micro fluid pressure source (an ECF pump) for actuators including an artificial muscle and a flexible finger etc. However, previous studies on ECF soft actuators only focused on confirmation of the driving principle. This means, an improvement of performance of ECF pumps and a control scheme for ECF soft actuators have yet to be studied in detail. Hence, this study improves the performance of the ECF pump, and proposes a novel control system for an ECF flexible finger. The ECF pump developed in this study generates maximum pressure of 92.6 kPa and maximum flow rate of 103.0 ml/min with 200.3 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> . The flexible finger (φ5 mm × 30 mm), driven by the ECF pump, bends 150 deg with a rise time of 1000 ms. In addition, we construct a master-slave system using the ECF flexible finger and confirm its performance.
ChemInform Abstract: Evaluation of a New Type of Vanadium Oxide from Peroxo‐polyvanadate as a Cathode Material for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Incidence of detecting mutated k-ras DNA in urine, plasma and serum from patients with colorectal carcinoma or adenomatous polyps (2006)

654 Introduction: Colorectal neoplasia-associated genes have been detected in human blood (serum or plasma). We have previously demonstrated that urine contained tumor tissue derived DNA from the circulation (Su et. al. J Mol Diagnosis 2004). The advantages of non-invasive and the larger volume available for urine collection make it compelling to explore its application in clinical use. In this study, we compared the incidence of detecting mutated k-ras DNA in body fluid (serum, plasma, and urine), and the frequency of mutated k-ras DNA detected in individuals in different colorectal diseases in a blinded study. Methods: Mutated K-ras DNA was assayed by two methods, restriction endounuclease enriched PCR assay (> 2 copies per assay) and Peptide nucleic acid clamping real time PCR (>15 copies per assay). Human subjects: Training set_20 patients with known k-ras mutations in colorectal cancer tissue. Test set_blinded urine samples from colorectal adenocarcinoma (N=48), adenoma (N=31), hyperplastic polyp (N=12) and endoscopically normal colon and rectum (N=60). Results: 1. Open label (training set) K-ras detection (tissue confirmed k-ras mutations): The incidence of detecting mutated K-ras DNA: Serum 6/20 (30%), Plasma (11/20 (55%), Urine: 18/20 (90%), (p 2 copies of mutated K-ras genes were detected in: 16/48 (33%) adenocarcinomas; 23/31 (74%) adenomas; 5/12 (42%) hyperplastic polyps, and 19/60 (31%) non-neoplasia controls. b. >15 copies of mutated K-ras genes were detected in: 12/48 (25%) adenocarinomas; 15/31 (48%) adenomas; 3/12 (25%) hyperplastic polyps, and 11/60 (18%) non-neoplasia controls. The concurrence of k-ras mutation in disease tissue and its corresponding total urine DNA or low MW urine DNA was determined. Strikingly, the concurrence and sensitivity of detecting mutated K-ras DNA using low MW urine DNA was 84% and 90%, respectively, as compared to only 45% and 50% if total urine DNA was used in the assay for K-ras mutation. Conclusions: The sensitivity for the detection of K-ras mutations in urine appears at least equivalent if not superior to K-ras mutation detection from human blood. These results suggest that to enhance the sensitivity of detecting circulating tumor related DNA in urine, low MW urine DNA should be used. The detection of the K-ras mutation alone is insufficient as a diagnostic biomarker for colorectal neoplasia, but it may be useful in a panel of DNA mutational biomarkers.
Biomechanical evaluation of an arthroscopic transosseous repair as a revision option for failed rotator cuff surgery (2018)

Basic Science Study, Biomechanics.
Are Two Heads the Same as One? Identifying Disparate Treatment in Fair Neural Networks (2022)

We show that deep networks trained to satisfy demographic parity often do so through a form of race or gender awareness, and that the more we force a network to be fair, the more accurately we can recover race or gender from the internal state of the network. Based on this observation, we investigate an alternative fairness approach: we add a second classification head to the network to explicitly predict the protected attribute (such as race or gender) alongside the original task. After training the two-headed network, we enforce demographic parity by merging the two heads, creating a network with the same architecture as the original network. We establish a close relationship between existing approaches and our approach by showing (1) that the decisions of a fair classifier are well-approximated by our approach, and (2) that an unfair and optimally accurate classifier can be recovered from a fair classifier and our second head predicting the protected attribute. We use our explicit formulation to argue that the existing fairness approaches, just as ours, demonstrate disparate treatment and that they are likely to be unlawful in a wide range of scenarios under US law.
A Laser Flash Photolysis Study of 2-Naphthyl(carbomethoxy)carbene (1999)

Photolysis of methyl 2-diazo(2-naphthyl)acetate releases singlet 2-naphthyl(carbomethoxy)carbene. The singlet carbene relaxes to the lower energy triplet state within 350 ps−1 ns. Singlet to triplet carbene intersystem crossing is much faster than Wolff rearrangement to the corresponding ketene. The barrier to Wolff rearrangement of the spin-equilibrated carbene is 3.4 kcal/mol in hexafluorobenzene. In this system, ketene is formed from the carbene and is not formed to a significant extent from an excited state of the diazo compound.
Optimal grouping of components in a distributed system (1998)

Traditionally the performance of a distributed system or a telecommunications network is taken into account only in the last steps of its design and it is seen as a final improvement. Recent attempts to incorporate performance considerations in the mainstream design rely on the development of a functional model consisting of entities that must be optimally distributed over a network of physical nodes. The optimal allocation is environment sensitive and probable different environments must be taken into account. Functional entities that are likely to be grouped together in different environments compose the so-called network entities. In this paper the problem of optimally composing network entities is examined. Different variations of the problem have been studied.
Should pancreaticoduodenectomy be performed in octogenarians? (1998)

As the population in the United States ages, an increasing number of elderly patients may be considered for pancreaticoduodenal resection. This high-volume, single-institution experience examines the morbidity, mortality, and long-term survival of 727 patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy between December 1986 and June 1996. Outcomes of patients 80 years of age and older (n = 46) were compared to those of patients younger than 80 years. In these older patients, pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed for pancreatic adenocarcinoma (n = 25; 54%), ampullary adenocarcinoma (n = 9; 20%) distal bile duct adenocarcinoma (n = 5; 11%), duodenal adenocarcinoma (n = 2; 4%), cystadenocarcinoma; (n = 2; 4%), cystadenoma (n = 1; 2%), and chronic pancreatitis (n = 2; 4%). When compared to the 681 concurrent patients younger than 80 years who were undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy, the two groups were statistically similar with respect to sex, race, intraoperative blood loss, and type of pancreaticoduodenectomy performed. Patients 80 years of age or older had a shorter median operative time (6.4 hours vs. 7.0 hours; P = 0.02) but a longer postoperative length of stay (median = 15 days vs. 13 days; P = 0.01) and a higher complication rate (57% vs. 41%; P = 0.05) when compared to their younger counterparts. Pancreaticoduodenectomy in the older group resulted in a 4.3% perioperative mortality rate compared to 1.6% in the younger group (P = NS). In the subset of patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy for periampullary adenocarcinoma (n = 495), patients 80 years of age or older (n = 41) had a median survival of 32 months and a 5-year survival rate of 19%, compared to 20 months and 27%, respectively, in patients younger than 80 years (n = 454; P = 0.77). These data demonstrate that pancreaticoduodenectomy can be performed safely in selected patients 80 years of age or older, with morbidity and mortality rates approaching those observed in younger patients. Based on these data, age alone should not be a contraindication to pancreaticoduodenectomy.
Design and Simulation Studies of Hybrid Power Systems Based on Photovoltaic, Wind, Electrolyzer, and PEM Fuel Cells (2021)

In recent years, the need to reduce environmental impacts and increase flexibility in the energy sector has led to increased penetration of renewable energy sources and the shift from concentrated to decentralized generation. A fuel cell is an instrument that produces electricity by chemical reaction. Fuel cells are a promising technology for ultimate energy conversion and energy generation. We see that this system is integrated, where we find that the wind and photovoltaic energy system is complementary between them, because not all days are sunny, windy, or night, so we see that this system has higher reliability to provide continuous generation. At low load hours, PV and electrolysis units produce extra power. After being compressed, hydrogen is stored in tanks. The purpose of this study is to separate the Bahr AL-Najaf Area from the main power grid and make it an independent network by itself. The PEM fuel cells were analyzed and designed, and it were found that one layer is equal to 570.96 Watt at 0.61 volts and 1.04 A/Cm2. The number of layers in one stack is designed to be equal to 13 layers, so that the total power of one stack is equal to 7422.48 Watt. That is, the number of stacks required to generate the required energy from the fuel cells is equal to 203 stk. This study provided an analysis of the hybrid system to cover the electricity demand in the Bahr AL-Najaf region of 1.5 MW, the attained hybrid power system TNPC cost was about 9,573,208 USD, whereas the capital cost and energy cost (COE) were about 7,750,000 USD and 0.169 USD/kWh respectively, for one year.
Transgenic Arabidopsis Plants Expressing a Fungal Cutinase Show Alterations in the Structure and Properties of the Cuticle and Postgenital Organ Fusions (2000)

Patrick Sieber, Martine Schorderet, Ulrich Ryser, Antony Buchala, Pappachan Kolattukudy, , Christiane Nawrath, Transgenic Arabidopsis Plants Expressing a Fungal Cutinase Show Alterations in the Structure and Properties of the Cuticle and Postgenital Organ Fusions, The Plant Cell, Vol. 12, No. 5 (May, 2000), pp. 721-737
Biological significance of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 expression in ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma. (2011)

These data suggest an association between concomitant endometriosis and increased expression of PAI-1 in OCCA. The data also suggest that PAI-1 expression influences both peritoneal dissemination of early OCCA and the prognosis.
Single Pellet String Reactor for Intensification of Catalyst Testing in Gas/Liquid/Solid Configuration (2010)

Catalyst improvement is a key route toward process improvement in terms of yield, energy efficiency and selectivity optimization. The catalyst development strategy includes catalyst testing on a model or real feedstock. This key step has been the focus of many studies during the last decades concerning reactor design, analytical tool development and operating procedures. Most studies aim to determine catalytic grain activity in isothermal conditions so as to be able to understand and predict the kinetics. With catalyst improvement, in the lab-scale reactors available, the mass transfer rate can become the limiting step compared with the reaction rate, especially for fast exothermic reactions. A new reactor geometry is proposed to intensify the mass transfer and to accelerate the fluid superficial velocities: the single pellet string reactor. To characterize this new geometry, a hydrodynamic study was carried out in a horizontal single pellet string reactor with a 4.0 × 4.0 mm<sup>2<sup/> square section, filled with spherical particles of diameter varying between 2.0 and 4.0 mm. In this hydrodynamic study, visual observations of the flow patterns were performed, as well as pressure drop measurements and residence time distribution analysis in single liquid phase flow and two-phase flows. In every configuration tested, two main regimes were identified: the “isolated bubbles” regime and the “stratified” regime. Peclet number and liquid hold-up were deduced from the residence time distribution analysis. The measured liquid hold-ups are always higher than 0.6, which indicates, in addition to the visual observations and colorimetric tests, that the catalyst is always fully wetted by the liquid film. The axial dispersion measurements showed that the single liquid phase flow cannot be interpreted by a classical axial dispersion model. However, when a gas phase is added, the flow becomes closer to plug flow, with Peclet numbers always higher than 40. It has been shown that the pressure drop is controlled by the liquid/solid friction surface and that the pressure drop is not a limiting parameter in the reactor’s operation (values always lower than 0.1 bar). So, from a hydrodynamic point of view, this new reactor exhibits characteristics suitable for its use in catalytic tests. Finally, this reactor was implemented under reaction conditions to study hydrogenation reactions with a real industrial catalyst. The selective hydrogenation of allene was studied. The string reactor was shown to run isothermal kinetic tests with a very small amount of industrial-sized catalyst particles (less than 2 cc) and to explore kinetics of fast reaction at high space velocities impossible to achieve in standard fixed bed units with appropriate hydrodynamic conditions. For constant residence time, the allene conversion does not vary with pressure and feed flow rate, which confirms that the string reactor allows one to perform catalytic tests with such a fast reaction without external mass transfer resistance.
Fundamental deliberation on exploring mental health through social interaction pattern (2012)

In order to clarify the relationship between human social interaction and mental health, we measured face-to-face communication pattern for a few months and conducted a questionnaire on mental health in two organizations in real world. Face-to-face interaction data were measured using wearable sensing system in two organizations in Japan. We extracted some feature values from those two kind data and investigated correlation between them. In this study, we reconsidered social network centrality which means the connection strength between people. We classified the group size of simultaneous interaction and duration of interaction. As results, we found that these factors affected the correlation coefficients between face-to-face interaction and degree of stress.
Shiga Toxin (Stx) Classification, Structure, and Function (2014)

Shiga toxin (Stx) is one of the most potent bacterial toxins known. Stx is found in Shigella dysenteriae 1 and in some serogroups of Escherichia coli (called Stx1 in E. coli). In addition to or instead of Stx1, some E. coli strains produce a second type of Stx, Stx2, that has the same mode of action as Stx/Stx1 but is antigenically distinct. Because subtypes of each toxin have been identified, the prototype toxin for each group is now designated Stx1a or Stx2a. The Stxs consist of two major subunits, an A subunit that joins noncovalently to a pentamer of five identical B subunits. The A subunit of the toxin injures the eukaryotic ribosome and halts protein synthesis in target cells. The function of the B pentamer is to bind to the cellular receptor, globotriaosylceramide, Gb3, found primarily on endothelial cells. The Stxs traffic in a retrograde manner within the cell, such that the A subunit of the toxin reaches the cytosol only after the toxin moves from the endosome to the Golgi and then to the endoplasmic reticulum. In humans infected with Stx-producing E. coli, the most serious manifestation of the disease, hemolytic-uremic syndrome, is more often associated with strains that produce Stx2a rather than Stx1a, and that relative toxicity is replicated in mice and baboons. Stx1a and Stx2a also exhibit differences in cytotoxicity to various cell types, bind dissimilarly to receptor analogs or mimics, induce differential chemokine responses, and have several distinctive structural characteristics.
Continuous-discontinuous Galerkin time domain (CDGTD) method with generalized dispersive material (GDM) model for computational photonics (2018)

The discontinuous Galerkin time domain (DGTD) method and its recent flavor, the continuous-discontinuous Galerkin time domain (CDGTD) method, have been extensively applied to simulations in the radio frequency (RF) and microwave (MW) regimes due to their inherent ability to efficiently model multiscale problems. We propose to extend the CDGTD method to nanophotonics while exploiting its advantages which have already been established in the RF and MW regimes, such as domain decomposition, non-conformal meshing, high-order elements, and hp-refinement. However, at optical frequencies many materials are highly dispersive, so the modeling of nanophotonic devices requires accurate handling of different dielectric functions, including those of plasmonic elements, dielectrics, and tunable materials. In this paper, we propose a CDGTD method that incorporates a generalized dispersive material (GDM) model which is an efficient way to implement a wide range of optical dispersion models with a universal analytic function. Physics-based dispersion models, such as the Drude, Debye, Lorentz, and critical points as well as more complicated behavior founded on ab-initio principles can all be obtained as special cases of the universal GDM approach. The accuracy and convergence of this GDM-incorporated CDGTD are verified by numerical examples. The CDGTD method, equipped with the GDM model, paves the way to the efficient design and optimization of large scale photonic devices with a diverse range of optical dispersive materials.