gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The USAF Electric Propulsion Research Program (2001)

Abstract : All overview of current electric propulsion research and development efforts within the United States Air Force is presented. The Air Force supports electric propulsion primarily through the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR), the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) and the AFOSR European Office of Aerospace Research and Development (BOARD). Overall direction for the programs comes from Air Force Space Command (AFSPC), with AFRL mission analysis used to define specific technological advances needed to meet AFSPC mission priorities. AFOSR funds basic research in electric propulsion throughout the country in both academia and industry. The AFRL Propulsion Directorate conducts electric propulsion efforts in basic research, engineering development, and space flight experiments. BOARD supports research at foreign laboratories that feeds directly into AFOSR and AFRL research programs. Current research efforts fall into 3 main categories defined loosely by the thruster power level. All three agencies are conducting research at the low-power regime (P 30 kW) is realizing increased emphasis.
Pepsin as a biomarker of reflux in NAR patients (2018)

<b>Rationale:</b> The backflow of gastric contents into the esophagus can cause Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). When reflux surpasses the esophagus, respiratory-like symptoms are experienced, often leading to misdiagnosis. Non-allergic rhinitis (NAR) has symptoms similar to respiratory diseases and GERD. Using Peptest (RD Biomed Limited, UK) the aim was to determine pepsin concentration in NAR patients, certify links between NAR and GERD and prevent further misdiagnosis. <b>Methods:</b> 31 patients with negative CT sinus scans and allergen skin prick tests were recruited from ENT outpatient visits. Patients completed a Reflux Disease Questionnaire (RDQ), provided eosinophil counts, nasal lavage and 3 saliva samples (morning, postprandial (pp) and post symptom (px)). Samples were stored at 4˚C before analysis using Peptest and results &lt;25 ng/ml were deemed positive. <b>Results:</b> A positive pepsin result was detected in all patients. The most frequent detection occurred in the pp sample (70.79%). Significant differences in pepsin concentration were observed between nasal lavage and morning, pp and px samples (p values; 0.0324, &lt;0.001, 0.0015 respectively). Pearson correlation was performed on abnormal eosinophil counts and high pepsin concentrations in nasal lavage demonstrating the absence of correlation (r = -0.015). 2 patients scored above the cut-off point (≥ 12) for GERD diagnosis in the RDQ. This implied GERD syndrome-based diagnostic RDQ is not specific for diagnosing extra-esophageal conditions and the mean score obtained was 5.16. <b>Conclusion:</b> A clear association between NAR and GERD was found due to the high pepsin concentrations. The specificity of Peptest has proven greater than that of RDQ and will prevent further misdiagnosis.
The part-time parliament (2019)

research-article Share on The part-time parliament Author: Leslie Lamport Digital Equipment Corporation Digital Equipment CorporationView Profile Authors Info & Claims Concurrency: the Works of Leslie LamportOctober 2019 Pages 277–317https://doi.org/10.1145/3335772.3335939Published:04 October 2019Publication History 30citation600DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations30Total Downloads600Last 12 Months51Last 6 weeks8 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Dielectric relaxation of relaxor ferroelectric P(VDF-TrFE-CFE) terpolymer over broad frequency range (2009)

Dielectric properties of a relaxor ferroelectric polymer, poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene-chlorofluoroethylene) [P(VDF-TrFE-CFE)] terpolymer, were investigated over a broad range of frequency (from 0.1 kHz to 1 GHz) and a broad range of temperature (-20 degrees C to 76 degrees C). Time-temperature superposition was used to extrapolate the dielectric constant to high frequencies (approximately 1 GHz) from low frequency data (1 MHz). The consistency between the directly measured and the extrapolated data indicate that the time-temperature superposition can be applied at temperature ranging from the glass transition to the broad ferroelectric-paraelectric transition peak of relaxor, indicating that the glass transition is still the dominating relaxation process at room temperature for the ferroelectric relaxor. Compared with the dielectric properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) [P(VDF-TrFE] copolymer, the terpolymer shows a higher dielectric constant even at 1 GHz, which is considered to originate from the random defects modification converting the long-chain polar-molecular conformation to short-range molecular microstructures and enhancing the molecular motions in both polar and nonpolar nanodomains.
Systematic Enumeration of sp3 Nanothreads (2015)

Slow decompression of crystalline benzene in large-volume high-pressure cells has recently achieved synthesis of a novel one-dimensional allotrope of sp(3) carbon in which stacked columns of benzene molecules rehybridize into an ordered crystal of nanothreads. The progenitor benzene molecules function as six-valent one-dimensional superatoms with multiple binding sites. Here we enumerate their hexavalent bonding geometries, recognizing that the repeat unit of interatomic connectivity ("topological unit cell") need not coincide with the crystallographic unit cell, and identify the most energetically favorable cases. A topological unit cell of one or two benzene rings with at least two bonds interconnecting each adjacent pair of rings, accommodates 50 topologically distinct nanothreads, 15 of which are within 80 meV/carbon atom of the most stable member. Optimization of aperiodic helicity reveals the most stable structures to be chiral. We generalize Euler's rules for ring counting to cover this new form of very thin one-dimensional carbon, calculated their physical properties, and propose a naming convention that can be generalized to handle nanothreads formed from other progenitor molecules.
An Ultra-Wideband Fast Frequency Ramp Synthesizer at 60 GHz With Low Noise Using a New Loop Gain Compensation Technique (2018)

Phase-locked loops (PLLs) for ultra-wideband, low noise, and linear frequency ramp synthesis exhibit a wide variation of the loop gain, if no compensation method is applied. This impairs the performance of the PLL and the corresponding microwave measurement systems. To overcome the disadvantages of existing compensation techniques, we present a new compensation method based on a phase-frequency detector gain modulation. This offers low hardware complexity and avoids additional noise. Furthermore, we present an ultra-wideband, low noise monolithic microwave-integrated circuit for 60-GHz PLLs. Based on this, a 60-GHz frequency synthesizer with a modulation bandwidth of 22 GHz and a jitter of less than 79 fs at the center frequency are realized. The new compensation technique reduces the variation of the loop gain from 14.2:1 to 1.67:1 and is compared with an existing compensation technique utilizing a voltage-dependent damping network, which reduces the variation of the loop gain to 1.78:1. Due to the reduction of the variation of the loop gain, the maximum ramp slope increases from 22 GHz/2.9 ms up to 22 GHz/0.35 ms. In addition, the time jitter of the output signal of the PLL decreases by up to 18%. Furthermore, the PLL performance is constant in the temperature range from 0 °C to 70 °C.
Horizontally assembled green InGaN nanorod LEDs: scalable polarized surface emitting LEDs using electric-field assisted assembly (2016)

In this study, we report the concerted fabrication process, which is easy to transform the size of active emitting area and produce polarized surface light, using the electric-field-assisted assembly for horizontally assembled many tiny nanorod LEDs between two metal electrodes. We fabricate the millions of individually separated 1D nanorod LEDs from 2D nanorod arrays using nanosphere lithography, etching and cutting process of InGaN/GaN LED structure on a flat sapphire substrate. The horizontally assembled InGaN-based nanorods LED device shows bright (~2,130 cd/m(2)) and uniform polarized (polarization ratio, ρ = ~0.61) green emissions from large area (0.7 cm × 0.6 cm) planar surface. The realization of a horizontally assembled nanorod LED device can prove the concept of an innovative idea to fabricate formable and scalable polarized surface LED lighting.
A Compact Test Structure for Characterizing Transistor Variability Beyond <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$3\sigma $ </tex-math></inline-formula> (2015)

An addressable array test structure is proposed for characterization of transistor variability beyond 3σ away from the mean. The design of the array is based on very compact basic cells which enable a highly efficient layout which has over three times higher normalized device density than similar arrays. Implementations of a 32k array are demonstrated for placement in a standard wafer scribe lane module. Characterization results based on an advanced high-k/metal gate process show that transistor threshold voltages follow a Gaussian distribution at current levels typically used in digital circuits. Analysis of random and systematic components of variability confirms that there are no systematic spatial gradients across the array and that random variations account for 99% of total variability.
Geometric Modifications Applied to Real Elements in Augmented Reality (2011)

augmented reality applications overlap virtual objects over a real scene considering the context. Today, more advanced applications also make use of diminished reality, which removes real objects from a scene. This paper describes a novel approach that combines augmented reality and diminished reality techniques to modify real objects in augmented reality applications. The proposed approach removes an object and replaces it with its purposely-modified replica. The solution uses dynamic texture techniques and inpaint to enhance the visual response of the performed modification. The results are promising considering both realism of the modified real object and performance of the application.
Back Cover: Generation and Structuring of Multipartite Entanglement in a Josephson Parametric System (Adv. Quantum Technol. 1/2023) (2023)

Highly entangled multimode states in continuous variables are a valuable resource in quantum information. The cover illustrates the 4-partite correlations of microwave modes generated from electromagnetic vacuum via three-wave mixing process in a Josephson parametric amplifier by using three pumps. As shown in article number 2200031 by Kirill Viktorovich Petrovnin, Pertti Juhani Hakonen, and co-workers, this results in genuine multipartite entanglement. A fully controllable pump scheme can provide a comprehensive manipulation of the structure of the generated entangled states.
Modeling and Verification of Electrical Stress in Inverter-Driven Electric Machine Windings (2018)

This paper develops detailed models for predicting the voltage and current distributions in individual conductors of electric machine windings driven by pulse width modulation (PWM) inverter drives. This is the first step to better understand how PWM excitation voltage stresses the winding insulation of inverter-driven electric machines. A high-fidelity finite element (FE) model of electric machine windings was developed to account for frequency-dependent winding parasitic parameters. The model is capable of investigating the impacts that wire positions have on the winding parasitic parameters, hence the voltage and current distributions of individual conductors. A stator core with manually-wound windings was built to verify the fidelity of the FE model. Tests using both a form-wound winding and a random-wound winding with reduced number of conductors in slots were conducted to obtain the actual voltage and current distributions in individual conductors. Finally, the FE approach was applied to simulate a complicated winding structure with multiple serial turns and parallel branches to investigate the voltage and current distributions in individual conductors and the effects of wire positions.
PCIe-based network architectures over optical fiber links : an insight from the advent project (2016)

PCI Express based innovative architectures designed for datacentre connections are proposed exploiting fiber communications for remote very high-speed connectivity. According with the ADVENT project approach a disruptive scenario based on an unique PCIe fabric is described, assuring convergent, storage/analytics functionalities mapped to a global shared memory. In particular, the hardware configuration of this kind of the proposed architecture is presented for inter-host remote communications, showing the intrinsic advantages in terms of connectivity and applications. Moreover, experimentation of PCIe Gen3 interconnections over up to 2-km standard fiber is demonstrated strictly compliant with the standard.
Security and reliability analysis of diversity combining techniques in SIMO mixed RF/FSO with multiple users (2016)

In this paper, we investigate the impact of different diversity combining techniques on the security and reliability analysis of a single-input-multiple-output (SIMO) mixed radio frequency (RF)/free space optical (FSO) relay network with opportunistic multiuser scheduling. In this model, the user of the best channel among multiple users communicates with a multiple antennas relay node over an RF link, and then, the relay node employs amplify-and-forward (AF) protocol in retransmitting the user data to the destination over an FSO link. Moreover, the authorized transmission is assumed to be attacked by a single passive RF eavesdropper equipped with multiple antennas. Therefore, the system security reliability trade-off analysis is investigated. Closed-form expressions for the system outage probability and the system intercept probability are derived. Then, the newly derived expressions are simplified to their asymptotic formulas at the high signal-to-noise- ratio (SNR) region. Numerical results are presented to validate the achieved exact and asymptotic results and to illustrate the impact of various system parameters on the system performance.
Reduction of cardiomyocyteS-nitrosylation byS-nitrosoglutathione reductase protects against sepsis-induced myocardial depression (2013)

Myocardial depression is an important contributor to morbidity and mortality in septic patients. Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in the development of septic cardiomyopathy, but also has protective effects. Recent evidence has indicated that NO exerts many of its downstream effects on the cardiovascular system via protein S-nitrosylation, which is negatively regulated by S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR), an enzyme promoting denitrosylation. We tested the hypothesis that reducing cardiomyocyte S-nitrosylation by increasing GSNOR activity can improve myocardial dysfunction during sepsis. Therefore, we generated mice with a cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression of GSNOR (GSNOR-CMTg mice) and subjected them to endotoxic shock. Measurements of cardiac function in vivo and ex vivo showed that GSNOR-CMTg mice had a significantly improved cardiac function after lipopolysaccharide challenge (LPS, 50 mg/kg) compared with wild-type (WT) mice. Cardiomyocytes isolated from septic GSNOR-CMTg mice showed a corresponding improvement in contractility compared with WT cells. However, systolic Ca(2+) release was similarly depressed in both genotypes after LPS, indicating that GSNOR-CMTg cardiomyocytes have increased Ca(2+) sensitivity during sepsis. Parameters of inflammation were equally increased in LPS-treated hearts of both genotypes, and no compensatory changes in NO synthase expression levels were found in GSNOR-overexpressing hearts before or after LPS challenge. GSNOR overexpression however significantly reduced total cardiac protein S-nitrosylation during sepsis. Taken together, our results indicate that increasing the denitrosylation capacity of cardiomyocytes protects against sepsis-induced myocardial depression. Our findings suggest that specifically reducing protein S-nitrosylation during sepsis improves cardiac function by increasing cardiac myofilament sensitivity to Ca(2+).
A Predictive Control Scheme for a Single-Phase Grid-Supporting Quasi-Z-Source Inverter and Its Integration With a Frequency Support Strategy (2023)

Small grid-connected inverters are not friendly to the electrical grid, in the sense they do not take any action to support the grid when contingency events occur. For example, because of their relatively low power capacity, small grid-connected inverters are not designed to provide dynamic frequency support to the grid. On the other hand, it is well known that microgrids and weak grids including distributed generation would benefit significantly if all of the grid-connected converters could support and help against grid frequency disturbances. Within the family of small grid-connected converters, single-phase quasi-Z-source inverters (QZSI) have become an attractive topology, because they represent a reliable and economical alternative, and can be very efficient in applications that demand small or medium powers. However, a major disadvantage is that the control strategy must manage both direct current and alternating current variables through the same group of switches. The latter is a challenging task when implementing predictive control schemes. This paper proposes a finite control set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) strategy for a single-phase grid-supporting QZSI. The proposed predictive scheme can be easily integrated with a complementary control block to provide grid frequency support. Experimental results show evidence of the inverter operating under the proposed control strategy and providing grid frequency support, which demonstrates the feasibility of the proposal.
How to Safely Perform Magnetic Resonance Imaging-guided Radioactive Seed Localizations in the Breast (2020)

When a breast lesion is seen on only magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and needs to be excised, pre-operative MRI-guided radioactive seed localization (RSL) is preferred. However, MRI safety and radiation safety issues associated with the inability to recover a potentially lost seed in the MRI scanner room (Zone IV) have precluded this in the past. This manuscript provides a protocol for MRI-guided RSLs that meets MRI safety and radiation safety criteria established by the American College of Radiology and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. To the authors' best knowledge, this has never been published in the literature. The complete protocol is provided.
Investigations into the feasibility of low-current methane sensors (1983)

Results support the use of the EQ-5D and PGWB among patients with type 2 diabetes, possibly in combination with condition-specific measures.
AID deficiency greatly improves survival and diminishes renal pathology in the BXSB mouse model of SLE (2019)

Abstract Eight years have passed since the approval of belimumab, a monoclonal antibody directed against B lymphocyte stimulation and the first targeted therapy approved for systemic lupus. erythematous (SLE). While well tolerated, the efficacy of belimumab remains limited and is not recommended for patients suffering severe nephritis, a life threatening complication of SLE. We sought to explore alternative targets of autoreactive B lymphocytes through manipulation of affinity maturation. The BXSB model is a long established model of human SLE developing elevated antinuclear antibodies and immune complex nephritis along with other manifestations of autoimmune disease. We used CRISPR-Cas9 to inactivate Activation Induced Cytidine Deaminase (Aicda, AID) directly in the BXSB background and found greatly improved survival. While mice continued to develop plasma cells, follicular structure was restored and renal pathology was reduced. While antinuclear antibody concentrations were reduced in knockout mice, renal immune complex deposition was grossly the same as wild type while complement deposition was very limited in the knockout mice. Mice develop expanded germinal center B cell populations as in other models of AID deficiency without concurrent expansion of follicular T cells. The prolonged survival in these mice appears to be attributed to the reduced renal pathology warranting further exploration as current therapeutics targeting lupus nephritis are limited and thus in great demand.
Blockchain-Based Self-Sovereign Identity: Survey, Requirements, Use-Cases, and Comparative Study (2021)

Identity is at the heart of digital transformation. Successful digital transformation requires confidence in and protection of digital identities. On the Internet, however, there is no unique and standard identity layer. Consequently, a variety of digital identities have emerged over years, leading to privacy risks, security vulnerabilities, risks for identity owners, and liability for identity issuers and those relying on digital identities to grant access to goods and services. Self-Sovereign Identity (SSI) and similar forms of identity management on the blockchain distributed ledger are novel technologies that recognize the need to keep user identity privately stored in user-owned devices, securely verified by identity issuers, and only revealed to verifiers as needed. There is limited academic literature defining the prerequisite SSI functional and non-functional requirements and comparing SSI technologies. Often those SSI technologies reviewed in the literature lack behind current advances. We present the first work that compiles a comprehensive list of functional and non-functional requirements of SSI and compares an extensive number of existing SSI/blockchain-based identity management solutions with respect to these requirements. Our work sheds light on the state-of-the-art SSI development and paves the way for future, more informed analysis and development of novel identity management and SSI solutions.
Probabilistic Reconstruction of Spatio-Temporal Processes Over Multi-Relational Graphs (2021)

Given nodal observations that can be limited due to sampling costs or privacy concerns, several network-science-related applications entail reconstruction of values on all network nodes by leveraging topology information. Such a semi-supervised learning (SSL) task has been tackled mainly for graphs capturing a single class of inter-dependencies (or relations) among nodal variables. Faced with multi-relational graphs (MRGs), which emerge in various real-world networks, the present work introduces a principled framework to extrapolate spatio-temporal nodal processes that could be stationary or nonstationary. Broadening the scope of graph kernel-based approaches to MRGs, stationary graph processes are modeled first using a Gaussian mixture (GM) prior, where the covariance matrix of each Gaussian component describes one of the relations in the MRG. To further cope with nonstationary nodal processes, a first-order topology-dependent Gaussian transition prior is considered per relation, what gives rise to a GM transition density that accounts for all relations. In both cases, adapting the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm yields two novel graph-adaptive solvers that not only reconstructs nodal features over unobserved nodes, but also quantifies the contribution of each relation. To enrich expressiveness of these novel EM-based approaches, multiple kernels per relation are also explored. Experiments with real data showcase the merits of the proposed methods relative to the existing alternatives.