gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aberrant tumor metabolism to enable glucocorticoid receptor takeover in enzalutamide-resistant prostate cancer. (2017)

157 Background: Prostate cancer is driven by androgen stimulation of the androgen receptor (AR). The next-generation AR antagonist, enzalutamide, prolongs progression-free and overall survival, but resistance and lethal disease eventually prevail. Emerging data suggest that the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is upregulated in this context, stimulating expression of approximately 50% of genes normally stimulated by AR, thereby permitting continued growth despite AR blockade. However, countering this mechanism by administration of GR antagonists is problematic because GR is essential for life. Methods: We assessed the effects of enzalutamide on metabolism of cortisol to cortisone in the LAPC4 and VCaP models of prostate cancer using [ 3 H]-cortisol and high performance liquid chromatography. Expression of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-2, encoding the enzyme 11βHSD2, which converts cortisol to cortisone, was assessed by immunoblot, in models of prostate cancer, tissues from patients treated with enzalutamide and prostate tissues treated exogenously with enzalutamide. The effect of shRNA knockdown of the AMFR ubiquitin E3-ligase on 11βHSD2 protein expression and enzyme activity was assessed. Finally, the potential therapeutic effects of 11βHSD2 re-expression on enzalutamide resistance was assessed in xenograft models. Results: Enzalutamide impedes inactivation of cortisol to cortisone, thereby sustaining tumor cortisol concentrations, permitting GR stimulation and enzalutamide resistance. Impeded cortisol inactivation by enzalutamide occurs by way of 11β-HSD2 expression loss in models of prostate cancer, prostate tissues from enzalutamide-treated patients and fresh prostatic tissues treated exogenously with enzalutamide. AMFR mediates loss of 11β-HSD2, which otherwise inactivates cortisol. Remarkably, reinstatement of 11β-HSD2 expression, or AMFR loss, reverses enzalutamide resistance in mouse xenograft tumors. Conclusions: Together, these findings reveal a surprising metabolic mechanism of enzalutamide resistance that may be targeted with a strategy that circumvents a requirement for systemic GR ablation.
Increased SAR-CoV-2 shedding associated with reduced disease severity despite continually emerging genetic variants (2021)

ABSTRACT Since the first report of SARS-CoV-2 in December 2019, genetic variants have continued to emerge, complicating strategies for mitigating the disease burden of COVID-19. Positive SARS-CoV-2 nasopharyngeal swabs (n=8,735) were collected from Missouri, USA, from March-October 2020, and viral genomes (n=178) were sequenced. Hospitalization status and length of stay were extracted from medical charts of 1,335 patients and integrated with emerging genetic variants and viral shedding analyses for assessment of clinical impacts. Multiple introductions of SARS-CoV-2 into Missouri, primarily from Australia, Europe, and domestic states, were observed. Four local lineages rapidly emerged and spread across urban and rural regions in Missouri. While the majority of Missouri viruses harbored Spike-D614G mutations, a large number of unreported mutations were identified among Missouri viruses, including seven in the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase complex and Spike protein that were positively selected. A 15.6-fold increase in viral RNA levels in swab samples occurred from March to May and remained elevated. Accounting for other comorbidities, individuals test-positive for COVID-19 with high viral loads were less likely to be hospitalized (odds ratio=0.39, 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.20, 0.77) and had shorter hospital stays (hazard ratio=0.34, p=0.003) than those with low viral loads. Overall, the first eight months of the pandemic in Missouri saw multiple locally acquired mutants emerge and dominate in urban and rural locations. Although we were unable to find associations between specific variants and greater disease severity, Missouri COVID-positive individuals that presented with increased viral shedding had less severe disease by several measures.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Expressing CXCL14 Rely upon NOS1-Derived Nitric Oxide Signaling for Their Tumor-Supporting Properties (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 61KB, CXCL14-stimulation of fibroblasts induces Hmox1 and Nos1.&lt;/p&gt;
Total Phenolics and Antioxidant Activities of Fenugreek, Green Tea, Black Tea, Grape Seed, Ginger, Rosemary, Gotu Kola, and Ginkgo Extracts, Vitamin E, andtert-Butylhydroquinone (2004)

The total phenolics and antioxidant activities of fenugreek, green tea, black tea, grape seed, ginger, rosemary, gotu kola, and ginkgo extracts, vitamin E, and tert-butylhydroquinone, were determined. Grape seed and green tea were analyzed for their phenolic constituents using high-performance liquid chromatography. The total phenolics of the plant extracts, determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method, ranged from 24.8 to 92.5 mg of chlorogenic acid equivalent/g dry material. The antioxidant activities of methanolic extracts determined by conjugated diene measurement of methyl linoleate were 3.4-86.3%. The antioxidant activity of the extracts using chicken fat by an oxidative stability instrument (4.6-10.2 h of induction time) followed a similar trend in antioxidant activity as determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Seven phenolics in grape seed and green tea extracts were identified that ranged from 15.38 to 1158.49 and 18.3 to 1087.02 mg/100 g of extract, respectively. Plant extracts such as green tea and grape seed extracts can be used to retard lipid oxidation in a variety of food products.
Simple Approach to Stabilized Micelles Employing Miktoarm Terpolymers and Stereocomplexes with Application in Paclitaxel Delivery (2009)

A simple and versatile approach to miktoarm co- and terpolymers from carbonate functional oligomers is described. The key building block employed is a carboxylic acid functional cyclic carbonate, derived from 2,2-bis(methylol)propionic acid, that was readily coupled to a hydroxyl functional monomethylether poly(ethylene glycol) oligomer. Ring-opening of the cyclic carbonate using functional amines generates a carbamate linkage bearing a functional group capable of initiating either controlled radical or ring-opening polymerization, together with a primary hydroxyl group for ring-opening polymerization. Two tandem polymerization steps were possible which add the second two arms, thus generating the targeted ABC miktoarm terpolymer. The resulting amphiphilic miktoarm terpolymers containing poly(D- and L-lactide) formed polylactide stereocomplexes in the bulk. In aqueous solution, the stereocomplex mixture of Y-shaped miktoarm copolymers, poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(D-lactide)-poly(D-lactide) and poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(L-lactide)-poly(L-lactide), or the stereoblock miktoarm poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(D-lactide)-poly(L-lactide) form stabilized micelles with a significantly lower critical micelle concentration than those derived from conventional stereo regular linear or Y-shaped amphiphiles. This simple and versatile approach provides a useful synthetic route to complex macromolecular architectures that can assemble into stable micelles. These micelles provide high capacity for loading of the anticancer drug paclitaxel and possess narrow size distribution as well as unique structure, leading to sustained and near zero-ordered release of drug without significant initial burst.
Real time detection of ventricular fibrillation and its use in a semi-automatic defibrillator (1992)

A real time algorithm is developed for the detection of ventricular fibrillation (VF) and ventricular tachycardia (VT) above 170 /min. This device is used in a semi-automatic monitor-defibrillator. In this study we present a simple and reliable method to detect VF/VT using one morphologic and two rhythmic informations of the ECG which are transformed into probability units. Using the AHA and MIT databases for the test of the reliability of our algorithm, all episodes of VF/VT were detected.
Topics in biomedical optics—part II: introduction (2005)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Brian W. Pogue, Judith R. Mourant, and John George, "Topics in biomedical optics—part II: introduction," Appl. Opt. 44, 1999-1999 (2005) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
A Two-Step Soft Segmentation Procedure for MALDI Imaging Mass Spectrometry Data (2012)

We propose a new method for soft spatial segmentation of matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI-IMS) data which is based on probabilistic clustering with subsequent smoothing. Clustering of spectra is done with the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) model. Then, clustering results are smoothed with a Markov random field (MRF) resulting in a soft probabilistic segmentation map. We show several extensions of the basic MRF model specifically tuned for MALDI-IMS data segmentation. We describe a highly parallel implementation of the smoothing algorithm based on GraphLab framework and show experimental results.
Gravitational effects on the response to different stimulatory signals in T cells. (2000)

The purpose of this paper is to present new data on the in vitro activation of purified T cells with three different mitogenic agents in conditions simulating low-gravity.
Analysis and suppression of a common mode resonance in the cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter (2010)

The common mode (CM) voltage and current issues due to the parasitic ground capacitance have been well reported for the PWM converters. However, most of the previous work focused on the CM voltage generated at the motor side, or the input/output filter design for the standard compliance purpose. This paper identified a unique ground loop resonance phenomenon for the cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter, which is generated internally due to the stray inductance of the bridge interconnection cable and the bus-to-ground parasitic capacitance. This resonance will increase the voltage and current stress in the power stage and therefore reduce the reliability of the system. The mechanism of the resonance is analyzed in detail and the corresponding suppression approach is discussed, proposing the preferred CM choke placement scheme. Simulation and experimental results provided verification of the resonance analysis and the effectiveness of the proposed suppression approach.
Generation of multiple-pitch gratings in WDM devices by using a single computer-generated phase mask (1997)

Use of a single computer-generated phase mask (CGPM) for monolithic fabrication of submicronmeter multiple-pitch gratings is proposed. The CGPM is a computer-generated Fourier hologram generating multiple diffracted beams with equal intensity from a single incident beam. The submicronmeter grating periods differing by as little as a few angstroms are estimated with basis of the multiple diffraction angles. As a result of preliminary experiment, an array of nine gratings has been achieved by using a CGPM with 2-μm minimum feature size. Limit of the CGPM period due to increase in wavelength spacing of WDM devices is also discussed.
Monitoring of heparin and its low-molecular-weight analogs by silicon field effect (2006)

Heparin is a highly sulfated glycosaminoglycan that is used as an important clinical anticoagulant. Monitoring and control of the heparin level in a patient's blood during and after surgery is essential, but current clinical methods are limited to indirect and off-line assays. We have developed a silicon field-effect sensor for direct detection of heparin by its intrinsic negative charge. The sensor consists of a simple microfabricated electrolyte-insulator-silicon structure encapsulated within microfluidic channels. As heparin-specific surface probes the clinical heparin antagonist protamine or the physiological partner antithrombin III were used. The dose–response curves in 10% PBS revealed a detection limit of 0.001 units/ml, which is orders of magnitude lower than clinically relevant concentrations. We also detected heparin-based drugs such as the low-molecular-weight heparin enoxaparin (Lovenox) and the synthetic pentasaccharide heparin analog fondaparinux (Arixtra), which cannot be monitored by the existing near-patient clinical methods. We demonstrated the specificity of the antithrombin III functionalized sensor for the physiologically active pentasaccharide sequence. As a validation, we showed correlation of our measurements to those from a colorimetric assay for heparin-mediated anti-Xa activity. These results demonstrate that silicon field-effect sensors could be used in the clinic for routine monitoring and maintenance of therapeutic levels of heparin and heparin-based drugs and in the laboratory for quantitation of total amount and specific epitopes of heparin and other glycosaminoglycans.
Pd Nanoparticles Encapsulated in FER Zeolite through a Layer Reassembling Strategy as Shape‐selective Hydrogenation Catalyst (2018)

Abstract Noble metal nanoparticles (NPs) encapsulated in zeolites bearing distinct shape‐selective properties at molecular level expand their new applications in catalysis. Here we report a synthesis strategy for the encapsulation of Pd NPs inside FER zeolite via a layer reassembling process. Pd precursors were introduced by swelling FER layers in RUB‐36 through the surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium cations (CTA + ) and then an ion‐exchange process at ambient temperature. Pd@FER was formed with a uniform diameter distribution of Pd NPs at about 1.4 nm during the topotactic transformation from layered zeolite precursors to 3‐dimensional zeolites followed by calcination. The as‐prepared Pd@FER catalyst exhibits distinct shape‐selective properties in hydrogenation reactions. It has relatively lower activity for 1‐hexene and almost no activity for 1‐phenyl‐1‐cyclohexene compared with Pd/RUB‐37 catalyst prepared via wet impregnation due to the restrictions of channels in the FER zeolite. On the contrary, Pd@FER shows very high hydrogenation activity for benzaldehyde and very low activity for diphenylmethanone hydrogenation, while Pd/RUB‐37 exhibits high hydrogenation activity for both benzaldehyde and diphenylmethanone. This synthesis strategy may be extended to other noble metals or two‐dimensional layered zeolite systems for size‐selective hydrogenation reactions.
Treatment Innovation in Rehabilitation of Cognitive and Motor Deficits after Stroke and Brain Injury (2007)

Barrett AM, Levy CE, Gonzalez Rothi LJ: Treatment innovation in rehabilitation of cognitive and motor deficits after stroke and brain injury: physiological adjunctive treatments. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2007;86:423–425.
Selective Targeting and Inhibition of Yeast RNA Polymerase II by RNA Aptamers (1997)

To probe the complex nucleic acid binding domains of yeast RNA polymerase II (Pol II), we have isolated in the presence of heparin RNA molecules that selectively bind to yeast Pol II. A class of RNA molecules was found to bind and strongly interfere with enzyme-DNA interaction but not with RNA chain elongation. Remarkably, one selected RNA ligand was a specific inhibitor of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Pol II. S. cerevisiae Pol I and Pol III and Pol II from Schizosaccharomyces pombe or wheat germ cells were not affected. Photocross-linking experiments showed that the RNA ligand preferentially interacted with B220, the largest subunit of Pol II and, to a lesser extent, with B150, the second largest subunit. The selected RNA was expressed in yeast cells under the control of a Pol III promoter. Yeast cells that expressed the anti-Pol II aptamer grew normally. However, a cell growth defect was observed when expressing the RNA aptamer in cells having an artificially reduced level of Pol II.
Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(Ethylene Glycol)-Based Single-Ion Conductors (2006)

A series of ionomers was synthesized by melt polycondensation of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) oligomers and dimethyl 5-sulfoisophthalate sodium salt. The molar mass of the PEG spacer was either 400, 600, or 900, and the cation was exchanged from sodium to lithium or cesium by dialysis. Since the anions are covalently attached to the ionomer chains and are essentially immobile relative to the cations, these ionomers are excellent models for polymeric single-ion electrolytes. The experimental evidence to date suggests that the cations do not aggregate to form the usual ion clusters seen in other ionomers. No relaxation time associated with ion clusters was observed in rheological measurements, nor was an “ionomer peak” observed in small-angle X-ray scattering measurements. The ionic conductivity increases significantly with increasing PEG spacer molecular weight, although the total cation content decreases at the same time. At room temperature, the highest conductivity (10-6 S/cm) was achieved for the sodium ionomer with PEG spacer Mn = 900, similar to other single-ion polymer electrolytes. The various ionomers, although with significantly different cation type and concentration, have almost the same ionic conductivity at the same temperature interval from the corresponding glass transition temperature. This strongly supports that ion migration in these ionomers is closely correlated with the segmental mobility of the polymer matrix.
Intrinsically/Extrinsically (2008)

INTRINSICALLY/EXTRINSICALLY 1 CARRIE FIGDOR (Final draft; please contact me for citation) Men of all sorts take a pride to gird at me: the brain of this foolish-compounded clay, man, is not able to invent anything that tends to laughter, more than I invent or is invented on me: I am not only witty in myself, but the cause that wit is in other men.(Sir John Falstaff, in Henry IV Part 2, Act I, Scene 2) Shakespeare recognized a distinction between something's having a property in and of itself, and something else's having the same property only when certain external conditions hold.So do we all.Plato distinguished between a fire's being hot by its nature and another thing's being hot because of the fire in it. 2Some basketball fans claim that Michael Jordan is a world-class player in and of himself, while Scottie Pippen plays world-class basketball only when he's on the court with Jordan.Many people would agree that Paris, France is intrinsically worth living in, but McMurdo Station, Antarctica is not.And Lawrence Summers,
Supplementary Table 1 from Serial Diffusion MRI to Monitor and Model Treatment Response of the Targeted Nanotherapy CRLX101 (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 74K, P-values of histological comparisons of CRLX101 and CPT-11 cohorts with controls on different days. Statistically significant values are highlighted (p &lt; 0.01, *, p &lt; 0.05, �).&lt;/p&gt;
Biomechanical Comparisons of Knee Stability After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Between 2 Clinically Available Transtibial Procedures (2010)

Unlike previous laboratory studies, this work used clinical arthroscopic methods for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, and found that the anatomic reconstruction was superior to a single graft placed at 11 o'clock.
Md Simulation Trajectory And Related Files For N-Octyl-B-D-Maltoside (C8G2) Simulation In Lamellar Phase (Gromacs 4.5.) (2015)

Simulation trajectory and related files used in: Signal intensities in 1H–13C CP and INEPT MAS NMR of liquid crystals A. Nowacka, N.A. Bongartz, O.H.S. Ollila, T. Nylander and D. Topgaard Journal of Magnetic Resonance 230 (2013) 165–175 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmr.2013.02.016
Increased circulating endothelial progenitor cells in septic patients: Correlation with survival (2007)

Our data suggest that cEPC enumeration in peripheral blood of septic patients might be a valuable marker to assess the clinical outcome in these patients.
Analysis of the results of on-line Partial Discharge Monitoring and the impact of the maintenance actions on a 30 MVA synchronous generator (2020)

Power utilities are lately investing in asset management systems and tools that provide them with analytical parameters from field data to properly evaluate the conditions of their electrical assets, in particular the ones connected into the generation and transmission networks. Any fault leading to an outage could result in huge monetary losses related not only to repair costs but also to lack of energy generation or availability. This is particularly true in the case of electrical assets such as power generators like the one hereafter described and analyzed. One of the tools available for the asset managers to perform such evaluation is the on-line monitoring of the Partial Discharge (PD) phenomena, a non-intrusive technique capable of evaluating in real-time the conditions of the electrical insulation system, commonly considered the weakest point of most electrical assets and the principal source of faults leading to electrical outages. In this paper, an example of the effectiveness in the usage of such technique is discussed about a 30 MVA synchronous generator. Data related to the PD phenomena detected in the insulation system are reported together with the relevant analysis and their behavior over monitoring sessions. Moreover, since during the monitoring period some maintenance actions have been carried out by the utility owning the power station, the relation with the detected PD phenomena will be shown and discussed. This allows performing some critical evaluation about the effectiveness of the maintenance actions carried out.
A Control System Test Bed for Demonstration of Distributed Computational Intelligence Applied to Reconfi guring Heterogeneous Systems (2008)

Integrated ship system control is a challenging domain as it involves a set of highly complex and interdependent systems, including electrical power, electric drive propulsion, high-energy weapon systems, various auxiliary systems, and an underlying communications network. Many of the high-level system management questions demanding answers for the electric ship power system and ship service are directly related to control system architecture. As we move toward more decentralized, hierarchical systems, much work remains to be done to optimally determine the appropriate level of control and intelligence at each tier of the architecture. The body of knowledge in this area is limited with respect to power systems and is only slightly more developed for ship service systems. There is a significant need not only to address methods and algorithms from the standpoint of pure decentralization but also to address ways to migrate these methods into an actual distributed, fault-tolerant supervisory control structure that meets the requirements for implementation on the electric ship.
Kosteuden ja lämpötilan vaikutus kartonkimassojen muovattavuuteen (2004)

Despite the low incidence, pulmonary involvement is an unfavorable manifestation of Adult Still's Disease. An individual feature of this case report was the asymptomatic lung involvement manifested only by changes revealed through computed tomography. For a long time, flareups of the disease were considered bacterial infections of unclear nature requiring systemic antibiotics.