gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Association Between Nonmodifiable Demographic Factors and Patient Satisfaction Scores in Spine Surgery Clinics (2019)

The Press Ganey survey is the most widely used instrument for measuring patient satisfaction. Understanding the factors that influence these surveys may permit better use of survey results and may direct interventions to increase patient satisfaction. Press Ganey Clinician and Group Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems surveys administered to ambulatory spine surgery clinic patients within a large tertiary care network from May 2016 to September 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Mean comparison testing was performed to measure associations between patient demographics and responses to "overall provider rating" and "recommend this provider's office" survey questions. Mean difference to achieve significance was set at α<0.05. A multivariate analysis was performed to determine independent factors. A total of 1400 survey responses from the offices of 11 orthopedic spine surgeons were included. Patients 18 to 34 years old had significantly lower responses to the overall provider rating question than older patients (P<.001), and increasing patient age was correlated with improved ratings. Highest education level was inversely correlated with satisfaction scores, with patients who had attained graduate level education having the lowest satisfaction scores (P=.001). Those with commercial insurance had significantly lower ratings for recommend this provider's office (P=.042) and overall provider rating (P=.022) questions than those with other insurance types. Patients administered the survey on paper had significantly lower ratings than those administered the survey online (P=.006). Provider ratings were significantly higher when the sex and ethnicity of the patient were concordant with the provider (P=.021). This study showed that independent, nonmodifiable factors such as age, education level, and survey mode were significantly associated with the satisfaction of ambulatory spine surgery clinic patients. [Orthopedics. 2019; 42(3):143-148.].
Real-time/in situ diffraction study of phase and microstructural evolution in sputtered β-Ta/Ta2O5 films (2001)

The evolution of texture, grain size, and phase content in sputtered β-Ta/Ta2O5 films was studied and controlled in situ using a laboratory-based real-time x-ray diffraction system. The films were dc magnetron sputter deposited using sputter gas (Ar) pressures ranging from 2 to 20 mTorr. To collect diffraction data during growth, a grazing incidence x-ray scattering (GIXS) configuration was necessary. Because this configuration complicated the interpretation of texturing data, complete Schultz geometry pole figures were also used to characterize the films after growth, and the relationship between pole figure and GIXS data was examined. The film composition was evaluated using sputter profile x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and secondary ion mass spectroscopy. It was found that the degree and rate of (002) out-of-plane texturing was systematically stronger in films grown at lower Ar pressures (&amp;lt; 10 mTorr). These films were predominantly β-Ta in composition and had relatively large grains (∼50 nm in diameter). Films grown using progressively higher Ar pressures had increasing amounts of Ta2O5, developed a (002) out-of-plane texture more slowly, and were nanocrystalline/amorphous in nature. Data from depositions where the Ar pressure was changed during growth showed that the deposition environment at the instant of layer formation determined the phase content, degree of texture, and grain size in the developing film; the characteristics of previous layers had little bearing on subsequent growth. This shows that tailored multilayer β-Ta/Ta2O5 films may be created and monitored in situ.
Modeling and Analysis of Loading Effect in Leakage of Nano-Scaled Bulk-CMOS Logic Circuits (2005)

In nanometer scaled CMOS devices, a significant increase in the subthreshold, the gate and the reverse biased junction band-to-band-tunneling (BTBT) leakage results in a large increase of the total leakage power in a logic circuit. Leakage components interact with each other at the device level (through device geometry, doping profile) and also at the circuit level (through node voltages). Due to the circuit level interaction of the different leakage components, the leakage of a logic gate strongly depends on the circuit topology, i.e., the number and nature of the other logic gates connected to its input and output. For the first time, we analyze the loading effect on leakage and propose a method to estimate accurately, from its logic level description, the total leakage in a logic circuit, considering the impact of loading and transistor stacking.
Triplet-singlet energy transfer in the complex of auramine O with horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase (1986)

Triplet-singlet energy transfer has been studied in the complex formed between auramine O (AO) and horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase with optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) spectroscopy. The results show that Trp-15 and Tyr residues transfer triplet energy mainly by a trivial process, whereas Trp-314 transfers triplet energy by a Förster process with two observed lifetimes at 77 K of 170 and 50 ms. The different Förster energy-transfer lifetimes are ascribed either to quenching of the two Trp-314 residues of the dimer by a single asymmetrically bound AO or to two distinct conformations of the enzyme-dye complex with differing separations and/or orientations of donor and acceptor. Individual spin sublevel transfer rate constants are reported for the major decay component with the 170-ms Trp triplet-state lifetime; these are found to be highly selective with kxtr much greater than kytr and kztr.
A Depth-Averaged Model for Electrokinetic Flows in a Thin Microchannel Geometry (2004)

We have developed a generalized electrokinetic model suitable for the study of microchannel flows with conductivity gradients and shallow channel depths. An asymptotic analysis was performed with channel depth-to-width ratio as the smallness parameter, and three dimensional transport equations are reduced to a set to depth-averaged equations governing flow dynamics in the streamwise-spanwise plane of a shallow channel. The momentum equation uses a Darcy-Brinkman-Forchheimer type formulation, and the convective-diffusive transport of the conductivity field in the depth direction manifests itself as a dispersion effect on in-plane motion. Accuracy of the model was assessed by comparing the numerical results with direct numerical simulations. These depth-averaged equations provide the accuracy of three-dimensional modeling with a convenient quasi-two-dimensional equation set applicable to a fairly wide class of microfluidic devices.
Estimation of Static Dissipater Additives in Aviation Turbine Fuels Using ASTM D7524 and ASTM D2624: Observation, Precautions, and Suggestions Thereof (2018)

Static dissipater additives (SDAs) are conductivity improver additives that are added to aviation turbine fuels (ATFs) to avoid sudden increase in conductivity that may occur during transfer/pumping of ATF. STADIS 450 has been used globally as the SDA in aviation jet A1. The dosage of SDA into jet fuels is very closely specified (1–3 ppm). Due to surface active nature, SDA dosage may deplete with time. The monitoring of concentration of SDA is very critical and is generally carried out using conductivity measurement as per ASTM D2624 or as per liquid chromatographic technique based ASTM D7524 method entitled in “Determination of static dissipater additive (SDA) in aviation turbine fuel using HPLC technique with UV detector in the range of 1 to 12 ppm”. In this work, SDA blended ATFs in the range of 1–5 ppm have been analyzed for estimation of SDAs using both HPLC based ASTM D7524 and conductivity measurement based ASTM D2624. This paper suggests precautions that need to be taken while using the two methods. The work also recommends suggestions that can make the ASTM D7524 findings more specific and precise and ensures better recoveries. While the initial procedures were adopted from ASTM D7524, multiple collections during cartridge extraction process and use of HPLC with photodiode detector instead of UV detector bring down the detection level to 0.5 ppm of SDA in ATF.
Chinaâ€™s Monetary Policy and Interest Rate Liberalization: Lessons from International Experiences (2014)

China has been moving to a more market oriented financial system, which has implications for the monetary policy environment. The paper investigates the stability of the money demand function (MDF) in light of progress in financial sector reforms that, for example, have resulted in significant financial innovation (so-called shadow banking) and more liberalized interest rates. The analysis of international experience suggests that rapid development of the financial system often leads to structural shifts in the MDF. For example, financial innovation and liberalization alter the sensitivity of money balances to income and the interest rate. For China, we find that the stable long-run relationship between money demand, output, and interest rates that existed between 2002 and 2008 disappears after 2008. This coincides with the period of rapid financial innovation, especially the growth in off-balance sheet and nonbank financial intermediation. The results suggest that usefulness of M2 as an intermediate monetary target has declined with financial innovation and reform. A result that underscores the importance of moving toward increased reliance on more price-based targets such as interest rates.
Studying Electronic Structure in Two-Dimensional Functionalized Organic-Metallic MXenes with Cryo-STEM (2022)

Journal Article Studying Electronic Structure in Two-Dimensional Functionalized Organic-Metallic MXenes with Cryo-STEM Get access Francisco J Lagunas Vargas, Francisco J Lagunas Vargas Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Chenkun Zhou, Chenkun Zhou Department of Chemistry and James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Dmitri V Talapin, Dmitri V Talapin Department of Chemistry and James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United StatesCenter for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, United States Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Robert F Klie Robert F Klie Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Microscopy and Microanalysis, Volume 28, Issue S1, 1 August 2022, Pages 2164–2166, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927622008376 Published: 01 August 2022
Mid‐infrared integrated photonics on silicon: a perspective (2017)

Abstract The emergence of silicon photonics over the past two decades has established silicon as a preferred substrate platform for photonic integration. While most silicon‐based photonic components have so far been realized in the near‐infrared (near‐IR) telecommunication bands, the mid‐infrared (mid‐IR, 2–20‐μm wavelength) band presents a significant growth opportunity for integrated photonics. In this review, we offer our perspective on the burgeoning field of mid‐IR integrated photonics on silicon. A comprehensive survey on the state‐of‐the‐art of key photonic devices such as waveguides, light sources, modulators, and detectors is presented. Furthermore, on‐chip spectroscopic chemical sensing is quantitatively analyzed as an example of mid‐IR photonic system integration based on these basic building blocks, and the constituent component choices are discussed and contrasted in the context of system performance and integration technologies.
A performance comparison of SiGe and skutterudite based segmented thermoelectric devices (2002)

For the past 25 years, unicouples made of Silicon Germanium alloys (Si0.8Ge0.2 and Si0.63Ge0.38) have been used in the majority of the spacecraft powered by Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generators (RTGs) to explore various planets of the solar system as well as the sun. These unicouples operate typically at hot and cold side temperatures of 1175–1273 K and 573 K, respectively, converting the heat produced in the General Purpose Heat Source (GPHS) modules to electricity at efficiencies <7%. Recently, Segmented Thermoelectric Unicouples (STUs) made of n-type Bi2Te3 and CoSb3-based alloys and p-type Bi2Te3 and CeFe4Sb12-based alloys have been developed and tested successfully with a demonstrated efficiency to date of ∼10% and the potential for achieving 14–15% when operated at hot and cold side temperatures of 973 K and 300 K, respectively. This paper compares the performance of SiGe unicouples and skutterudite STUs, at same hot side temperature of 973 K and cold side temperatures of 300, 573, and 673 K, and the same total length and cross sectional dimensions of the p-leg. The area of the n-leg and the lengths of the segments of various materials in the STUs are determined based on maximizing either the electrical power density or the conversion efficiency. Results showed that replacing SiGe with skutterudite STUs in future radioisotope power systems (or even in conjunction with a space nuclear reactor and space probes), could increase the thermal to electric conversion efficiency at a heat source temperature of 973 K by ∼40% to 198% for Tc=673 K and 300 K, respectively. This would reduce by more than half the mass of the 238PuO2 fuel needed and the radiator’s surface area for rejecting the waste heat.
ChemInform Abstract: REGIOSELECTIVITY AND REARRANGEMENT UPON ADDITION OF NUCLEOPHILES TO DIENEIRON COMPLEXES (1984)

Abstract Untersuchungen der Addition der Anionen von (IV) an verschiedene 114‐1,3‐Dien‐tricarbonyl‐Fe‐Komplexe wie (III) zeigen, daß bei ‐78°C eine kinetisch kontrollierte Addition an eine innere unsubstituierte Position ausschließlich oder bevorzugt erfolgt, die beim Temp. ab 0°C rückläufig ist und dadurch eine nucleophile Addition an eine terminale Position (Bevorzugung einer substituierten terminalen Position) unter Bildung stabilerer n3‐AIlyl‐Komplexe ermöglicht.
New differentiation pathway for double-negative regulatory T cells that regulates the magnitude of immune responses (2006)

Recent studies have demonstrated that in peripheral lymphoid tissues of normal mice and healthy humans, 1% to 5% of alphabeta T-cell receptor-positive (TCR(+)) T cells are CD4(-)CD8(-) (double-negative [DN]) T cells, capable of down-regulating immune responses. However, the origin and developmental pathway of DN T cells is still not clear. In this study, by monitoring CD4 expression during T-cell proliferation and differentiation, we identified a new differentiation pathway for the conversion of CD4(+) T cells to DN regulatory T cells. We showed that the converted DN T cells retained a stable phenotype after restimulation and that furthermore, the disappearance of cell-surface CD4 molecules on converted DN T cells was a result of CD4 gene silencing. The converted DN T cells were resistant to activation-induced cell death (AICD) and expressed a unique set of cell-surface markers and gene profiles. These cells were highly potent in suppressing alloimmune responses both in vitro and in vivo in an antigen-specific manner. Perforin was highly expressed by the converted DN regulatory T cells and played a role in DN T-cell-mediated suppression. Our findings thus identify a new differentiation pathway for DN regulatory T cells and uncover a new intrinsic homeostatic mechanism that regulates the magnitude of immune responses. This pathway provides a novel, cell-based, therapeutic approach for preventing allograft rejection.
A dinucleotide repeat polymorphism in the human Na+,K+ATPase, alpha subunit (ATP1A3) gene (1992)

Probe MS205 was detected by probe 33.15 (1) in a lambda L47. 1 library of MboI digested, size fractionated DNA (5 -20kbp) pooled from 20 unrelated individuals (2). The 5. 1kbp insert was subcloned into the BamHI site of pUC 13 resulting in the subclone pMS205.2 which was propagated in E.coli strain DH5a (BRL). Polymorphism: pMS205.2 detects a hypervariable locus in genomic DNA digested with MboI and Hinfl revealing DNA fragments 4-7kbp and 2 -Skbp in length respectively. It cannot be detected in HaellI, RsaI or HpaII genomic digests as these enzymes cut within the minisatellite repeat unit.
Supplementary Methods, Figure 3 from 2-(3-{1-Carboxy-5-[(6-[<sup>18</sup>F]Fluoro-Pyridine-3-Carbonyl)-Amino]-Pentyl}-Ureido)-Pentanedioic Acid, [<sup>18</sup>F]DCFPyL, a PSMA-Based PET Imaging Agent for Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 153K&lt;/p&gt;
In Vitro Magnetic Techniques for Investigating Cancer Progression (2021)

Worldwide, there are currently around 18.1 million new cancer cases and 9.6 million cancer deaths yearly. Although cancer diagnosis and treatment has improved greatly in the past several decades, a complete understanding of the complex interactions between cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment during primary tumor growth and metastatic expansion is still lacking. Several aspects of the metastatic cascade require in vitro investigation. This is because in vitro work allows for a reduced number of variables and an ability to gather real-time data of cell responses to precise stimuli, decoupling the complex environment surrounding in vivo experimentation. Breakthroughs in our understanding of cancer biology and mechanics through in vitro assays can lead to better-designed ex vivo precision medicine platforms and clinical therapeutics. Multiple techniques have been developed to imitate cancer cells in their primary or metastatic environments, such as spheroids in suspension, microfluidic systems, 3D bioprinting, and hydrogel embedding. Recently, magnetic-based in vitro platforms have been developed to improve the reproducibility of the cell geometries created, precisely move magnetized cell aggregates or fabricated scaffolding, and incorporate static or dynamic loading into the cell or its culture environment. Here, we will review the latest magnetic techniques utilized in these in vitro environments to improve our understanding of cancer cell interactions throughout the various stages of the metastatic cascade.
Efficient inverse design of large-area metasurfaces for incoherent light (2022)

Incoherent light is ubiquitous, yet designing optical devices that can handle its random nature is very challenging, since directly averaging over many incoherent incident beams can require a huge number of scattering calculations. We show how to instead solve this problem with a reciprocity technique which leads to three orders of magnitude speedup: one Maxwell solve (using any numerical technique) instead of thousands. This improvement enables us to perform efficient inverse design, large scale optimization of the metasurface for applications such as light collimators and concentrators. We show the impact of the angular distribution of incident light on the resulting performance, and show especially promising designs for the case of "annular" beams distributed only over nonzero angles.
Expansion of hedgehog disrupts mesenchymal identity and induces emphysema phenotype (2018)

GWAS have repeatedly mapped susceptibility loci for emphysema to genes that modify hedgehog signaling, but the functional relevance of hedgehog signaling to this morbid disease remains unclear. In the current study, we identified a broad population of mesenchymal cells in the adult murine lung receptive to hedgehog signaling, characterized by higher activation of hedgehog surrounding the proximal airway relative to the distal alveoli. Single-cell RNA-sequencing showed that the hedgehog-receptive mesenchyme is composed of mostly fibroblasts with distinct proximal and distal subsets with discrete identities. Ectopic hedgehog activation in the distal fibroblasts promoted expression of proximal fibroblast markers and loss of distal alveoli and airspace enlargement of over 20% compared with controls. We found that hedgehog suppressed mesenchymal-derived mitogens enriched in distal fibroblasts that regulate alveolar stem cell regeneration and airspace size. Finally, single-cell analysis of the human lung mesenchyme showed that segregated proximal-distal identity with preferential hedgehog activation in the proximal fibroblasts was conserved between mice and humans. In conclusion, we showed that differential hedgehog activation segregates mesenchymal identities of distinct fibroblast subsets and that disruption of fibroblast identity can alter the alveolar stem cell niche, leading to emphysematous changes in the murine lung.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Antiviral Activity, Cytotoxicity, and Cellular Pharmacology of 5‐Carboranyl‐pyrimidine Nucleosides (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Real-World Subsynchronous Oscillation Events in Power Grids With High Penetrations of Inverter-Based Resources (2022)

This paper presents a survey of real-world subsynchronous oscillation events associated with inverter-based resources (IBR) over the past decade. The focus is on those oscillations in the subsynchronous frequency range known to be influenced by power grid characteristics, e.g., series compensation or low system strength. A brief overview of the historical events is presented followed by detailed descriptions of a series of events. This paper also examines causation mechanisms and proposes future research directions to meet grid needs worldwide.
Future-Focused Control Barrier Functions for Autonomous Vehicle Control (2022)

In this paper, we introduce a class of future-focused control barrier functions (ff-CBF) aimed at improving traditionally myopic CBF based control design and study their efficacy in the context of an unsignaled four-way intersection crossing problem for collections of both communicating and non-communicating autonomous vehicles. Our novel ff-CBF encodes that vehicles take control actions that avoid collisions predicted under a zero-acceleration policy over an arbitrarily long future time interval. In this sense the ff-CBF defines a virtual barrier, a loosening of which we propose in the form of a relaxed future-focused CBF (rff-CBF) that allows a relaxation of the virtual ff-CBF barrier far from the physical barrier between vehicles. We study the performance of ff-CBF and rff-CBF based controllers on communicating vehicles via a series of simulated trials of the intersection scenario, and in particular highlight how the rff-CBF based controller empirically outperforms a benchmark controller from the literature by improving intersection throughput while preserving safety and feasibility. Finally, we demonstrate our proposed ff-CBF control law on an intersection scenario in the laboratory environment with a collection of 5 non-communicating AION ground rovers.
Supplementary Table S1 from Interactions between Adipocytes and Breast Cancer Cells Stimulate Cytokine Production and Drive Src/Sox2/miR-302b–Mediated Malignant Progression (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Primer Sequences.&lt;/p&gt;