gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simulation of quantum transport in double‐gate MOSFETs using the non‐equilibrium Green's function formalism in real‐space: A comparison of four methods (2010)

Abstract Quantum effects play an important role in determining the double‐gate (DG) MOSFETs characteristics. The non‐equilibrium Green's function formalism (NEGF) in real‐space (RS) representation provides a rigorous description of quantum transport in nanoscale devices. Unfortunately, the traditional NEGF framework has the disadvantage of being heavy in computations. Methods that reduce the computations exist in the literature like the recursive Green's Function (RGF) algorithm, the contact block reduction (CBR) method, and Gauss elimination (GE) method. Comparison of the simulation time of the traditional NEGF, the RGF algorithm, the CBR method, and the GE method was always theoretical and based on approximate estimates. In this work, we carry out a real comparison between the four methods by implementing them inside the same simulator, using them to simulate the same device dimensions and parameters on the same machine. It is demonstrated that the RGF algorithm or the GE method introduce about one order of magnitude reduction in simulation time below that traditional NEGF, whereas the CBR method yields the smallest simulation time with about two orders of magnitude reduction. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Data from hsa-miR-191 Is a Candidate Oncogene Target for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Therapy (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is generally a fatal disease due to a paucity of effective treatment options. The identification of oncogenic microRNAs that exert pleiotropic effects in HCC cells may offer new therapeutic targets. In this study, we have identified the human microRNA miR-191 as a potential target for HCC therapy. Inhibition of miR-191 decreased cell proliferation and induced apoptosis &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and significantly reduced tumor masses &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; in an orthotopic xenograft mouse model of HCC. Additionally, miR-191 was found to be upregulated by a dioxin, a known liver carcinogen, and was found to be a regulator of a variety of cancer-related pathways. Our findings offer a preclinical proof of concept for miR-191 targeting as a rational strategy to pursue for improving HCC treatment. Cancer Res; 70(20); 8077–87. ©2010 AACR.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Gingival fibromatosis: clinical, molecular and therapeutic issues (2016)

Gingival fibromatosis is a rare and heterogeneous group of disorders that develop as slowly progressive, local or diffuse enlargements within marginal and attached gingiva or interdental papilla. In severe cases, the excess tissue may cover the crowns of the teeth, thus causing functional, esthetic, and periodontal problems, such as bone loss and bleeding, due to the presence of pseudopockets and plaque accumulation. It affects both genders equally. Hereditary, drug-induced, and idiopathic gingival overgrowth have been reported. Hereditary gingival fibromatosis can occur as an isolated condition or as part of a genetic syndrome. The pathologic manifestation of gingival fibromatosis comprises excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins, of which collagen type I is the most prominent example. Mutation in the Son-of-Sevenless-1 gene has been suggested as one possible etiological cause of isolated (non-syndromic) hereditary gingival fibromatosis, but mutations in other genes are also likely to be involved, given the heterogeneity of this condition. The most attractive concept of mechanism for drug-induced gingival overgrowth is epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, a process in which interactions between gingival cells and the extracellular matrix are weakened as epithelial cells transdifferentiate into fibrogenic fibroblast-like cells. The diagnosis is mainly made on the basis of the patient's history and clinical features, and on histopathological evaluation of affected gingiva. Early diagnosis is important, mostly to exclude oral malignancy. Differential diagnosis comprises all pathologies in the mouth with excessive gingival overgrowth. Hereditary gingival fibromatosis may present as an autosomal-dominant or less commonly autosomal-recessive mode of inheritance. If a systemic disease or syndrome is suspected, the patient is directed to a geneticist for additional clinical examination and specialized diagnostic tests. Treatments vary according to the type of overgrowth and the extent of disease progression, thus, scaling of teeth is sufficient in mild cases, while in severe cases surgical intervention is required. Prognosis is precarious and the risk of recurrence exists.
Supplementary Materials from Sequential Transcription Factor Targeting for Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphomas (2023)

Supplementary Materials from Sequential Transcription Factor Targeting for Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphomas
Advances in Sand Jet Perforating (2009)

Abstract Sand jet perforating (SJP) is a process that uses high pressure fluid slurry to perforate tubulars and cement within an oil or gas well, and simultaneously extend a cavity into the reservoir. SJP has its origins in the 1960s with many large scale commercial successes in several international venues. While the SJP process was a technical success at that time, it was not an economic success. Few advancements in technology were attempted until the late 1990s. Advances in metallurgy have allowed major re-designs of sand jet perforating tools and jet orifices. These advances coupled with improvements in pump liner design have made SJP more cost effective today. The use of coiled tubing as a conveyance method further allows fluid pressures to be increased, and higher pressure limits make the SJP process even more effective. Newer modular SJP tool designs ensure near limitless re-configuration of coiled tubing conveyed plugs, packers, hold-down tools, perforation, and fracturing tools for simultaneous use during completion and work-over operations. Applications for Sand Jet Perforating technology include perforation and re-perforation of vertical and horizontal oil and gas wells and perforation and treatment of coal bed methane wells. SJP can also be used in conjunction with other technologies such as fresh water and foam fracturing and for enhanced performance resulting from chemical injection and acidization. Sand Jet Perforating provides an alternative to widely accepted wire-line or tubing conveyed explosive methods used in most fields today. Hundreds of documented successes are available to confirm that SJP increases communication between well bore and reservoir more effectively with less formation damage and is accomplished in fewer round trips in and out of the well bore than more widely used perforating methods. Added benefits are realized as perforating and fracturing can be accomplished nearly simultaneously with a common work string. Several papers and studies have recently been published that document the many benefits of Sand Jet Perforating, and recent demand for these services is increasing. This paper discusses the benefits of using Sand Jet Perforating tools and explains some new designs that suggest a broader range of uses.
Self-sensing of printed polymer structures (2023)

A structural health monitoring method is provided that utilizes self-sensing printed polymer structures. The method is based on resistivity properties of conductive materials, which can be integrated to a 3D printed polymer structure during additive manufacturing. An article to be monitored has at least one 3D printed polymer structure including a circuit comprising at least one conductive pathway extending through a non-conductive material. The resistance across the circuit is measured during or after loading of the article to determine a resistance value. The measured resistance value is compared to a known resistance value, and based on the comparison, a defect can be detected in the 3D printed polymer structure. Structural health monitoring systems and articles with integrated structural health monitoring are also provided.
Block-Sparse Signal Recovery via General Total Variation Regularized Sparse Bayesian Learning (2022)

One of the main challenges in block-sparse signal recovery, as encountered in, e.g., multi-antenna mmWave channel models, is block-patterned estimation <i>without knowledge of block sizes and boundaries</i>. We propose a novel Sparse Bayesian Learning (SBL) method for block-sparse signal recovery under unknown block patterns. Contrary to conventional approaches that impose block-promoting regularization on the signal components, we apply two classes of <i>hyperparameter</i> regularizers for the SBL cost function, inspired by total variation (TV) denoising. The first class relies on a conventional TV difference unit and allows performing the SBL inference iteratively through a set of convex optimization problems, enabling a flexible choice of numerical solvers. The second class incorporates a region-aware TV penalty to penalize the signal and zero blocks in a dissimilar manner, enhancing the performance. We derive an alternating optimization algorithm based on expectation-maximization to perform the SBL inference through computationally efficient parallel updates for both the regularizer classes. The numerical results show that the proposed TV-regularized SBL algorithm is robust to the nature of the block structure and is capable of recovering signals with both block-patterned and isolated components, proving effective for various signal recovery systems.
Enhanced Dissolution of Chitin Using Acidic Deep Eutectic Solvents: A Sustainable and Simple Approach to Extract Chitin from Crayfish shell Wastes as Alternative Feedstocks (2021)

Chitin is a natural biomass resource with high potential for a wide variety of applications. However, it remains poorly explored because of its solubility issues. In this work, a large range of acidic deep eutectic solvents (aDESs), combining different hydrogen bond acceptors [betaine (Bet), urea (U), and cholinium chloride (CC)] and hydrogen bond donors [formic acid (FA), acetic acid (AA) propanoic acid (PA), and lactic acid (LA)], were investigated. First, the ability of the aDESs to dissolve commercial chitin was compared and then, based on the solubility data obtained, the most efficient aDESs were chosen to extract chitin directly from red crayfish shell wastes. Considering that up to 10 wt % of commercial chitin was dissolved in the aDES CC:LA 1:2 and Bet:LA 1:2, these were further applied to extract chitin from crayfish shell wastes. Using these aDES as solvents, a high-quality chitin was obtained with a crystallinity index >80%, and a degree of acetylation >90%. The findings demonstrated the suitability of aDESs to enhance dissolution and hence to efficiently extract chitin from different raw biomass without compromising the polymer structural integrity.
Imide-aryl Ether Phenylquinoxaline Triblock Copolymers (1990)

Imide-aryl ether phenylquinoxaline triblock copolymers were investi gated. A key feature of the copolymer systems is the preparation of a mono-functional amine-terminated aryl ether phenylquinoxaline oligomer via nucleophilic aromatic substitution. The oligomer was co-reacted with various compositions of 4,4'-oxydianiline (ODA) and pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) diethyl ester diacyl chloride in an N- methylpyrrolidone/N-cyclohexylpyrrolidone (NMP/CIIP) solvent mixture in the pres ence of N-methylmorpholine. The resulting amic ester-aryl ether phenylquinoxaline copolymers were isolated and washed to remove homopolymer contamination. Co polymer compositions, analyzed by 1 H-NMR, showed good agreement with that charged. Solutions of the copolymers were cast and cured (350°C) to effect imidization, affording tough and clear films. Multiphase morphologies were observed for the copolymers prepared, and the ordered morphology characteristic of the polyimide homopolymer was retained in the copolymers. In addition, significant improvements in the adhesion characteristics were observed.
Comparison of two fluorine-18 labeled benzamide derivatives that bind reversibly to dopamine D2 receptors: In vitro binding studies and positron emission tomography (1996)

The purpose of the present set of studies was to characterize, in vitro and in vivo, two benzamide analogues, 2,3-dimethoxy-N-[1-(4-fluorobenzyl)piperidin4yl]benzamide (MBP) and 4'-fluoroclebopride (FCP), for studying dopamine D2 receptors with Positron Emission Tomography (PET). In vitro binding studies were conducted to determine the affinities of MBP and FCP to the three subtypes of dopamine D2 receptors: D2(long), D3, and D4 receptors. MBP was found to have a high affinity (Ki = 1-8 nM) for all three subtypes of the D2 receptor, whereas FCP had nanomolar affinity (Ki approximately 5.5 nM) for D2(long) and D3 receptors, and a lower affinity for D4 receptors (Ki = 144 nM). In vitro binding studies also revealed that MBP had a relatively high affinity for rho1 receptors (Ki = 11 nM) compared to FCP (Ki = 340 nM). PET imaging studies were conducted in rhesus monkeys with the fluorine-18 labeled analogues of each compound. Both [18F]MBP and [18F]FCP displayed reversible binding kinetics during the 3 h time course of PET. [18F]FCP was found to have a higher basal ganglia:cerebellum ratio and lower variability in the rate of washout from D2 receptors in vivo relative to [18F]MBP. Neither radiotracer was found to produce radiolabeled metabolites capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier. The high rho1 binding affinity and low basal ganglia:cerebellum ratio of [18F]MBP indicate that this ligand may not be suitable for quantitative studies of D2 receptors. The results from the in vitro and in vivo studies indicate that [18F]FCP is a promising ligand for studying D2 receptors with PET.
In Situ Visualization of Layer Transitions during Convective Self-Assembly in a Sessile Drop (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
The role of the cosurfactant in the miniemulsion copolymerization of vinyl acetate and n‐butyl acrylate (1988)

Abstract The role of the cosurfactant in the miniemulsion copolymerization process of 50:50 molar ratio vinyl acetate/n‐butyl acrylate miniemulsion copolymerization is analyzed. The mixed emulsifier system used to prepare the miniemulsions was sodium hexadecyl sulfate as surfactant and hexadecane as cosurfactant. It is shown that even though hexadecane plays an important role in the distribution of the monomers between the different phases present during the copolymerization process, it does not greatly affect the kinetics. It is the presence of stable submicron droplets what really alters the kinetics by shifting the particle nucleation mechanism from the aqueous phase to the monomer droplets.
Enabling coherent superpositions of iso-frequency optical states in multimode fibers (2010)

The ability to precisely and selectively excite superpositions of specific fiber eigenmodes allows one in principle to control the three dimensional field distribution along the length of a fiber. Here we demonstrate the dynamic synthesis and controlled transmission of vectorial eigenstates in a hollow core cylindrical photonic bandgap fiber, including a coherent superposition of two different angular momentum states. The results are verified using a modal decomposition algorithm that yields the unique complex superposition coefficients of the eigenstate space.
Unsteady behaviours of a volute in turbocharger turbine under pulsating conditions (2017)

Abstract Turbochargers are currently in their prime utilization period, which pushes for performance enhancement from conventional turbochargers and more often than not revisiting its design methodology. A turbocharger turbine is subjected to pulsating flow, and how this feeds a steady flow design volute is a topic of interest for performance enhancement. This article investigates unsteady effects on flow characteristics in the volute of a turbine under pulsating flow conditions by numerical method validated by experimental measurement. A single pulse with sinusoidal shape is imposed at the turbine inlet for the investigation on unsteady behaviours. First, pulse propagation of different flow parameters along the volute passage, including pressure, temperature and mass flow rate, is studied by the validated numerical method. Next, the unsteady effect of the pulsating flow on the flow angle upstream the rotor inlet is confirmed by simulation results. The mechanism of this unsteady effect is then studied by an analytical model, and two factors for flow angle distributions are clearly demonstrated: the configuration of the volute A / R c and the unsteady effect that resulted from mass imbalance. This article demonstrates unsteady behaviours of the turbine volute under pulsating conditions, and the mechanism is discussed in details, which can lead to the improvement of volute design methodology tailoring for pulsating flow conditions.
An optically coupled system for quantitative monitoring of MRI gradient currents induced into endocardial leads (2013)

The time-varying gradient fields generated during Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) procedures have the potential to induce electrical current on implanted endocardial leads. Whether this current can result in undesired cardiac stimulation is unknown. This paper presents an optically coupled system with the potential to quantitatively measure the currents induced by the gradient fields into endocardial leads during MRI procedures. Our system is based on a microcontroller that works as analog-to-digital (A/D) converter and sends the current signal acquired from the lead to an optical high-speed light-emitting-diode transmitter. Plastic fiber guides the light outside the MRI chamber, to a photodiode receiver and then to an acquisition board connected to a PC. The preliminary characterization of the performances of the system is also presented.
Blue Phosphorescent Zwitterionic Iridium(III) Complexes Featuring Weakly Coordinatingnido-Carborane-Based Ligands (2016)

We report the development of a new class of phosphorescent zwitterionic bis(heteroleptic) Ir(III) compounds containing pyridyl ligands with weakly coordinating nido-carboranyl substituents. Treatment of phenylpyridine-based Ir(III) precursors with C-substituted ortho-carboranylpyridines in 2-ethoxyethanol results in a facile carborane deboronation and the formation of robust and highly luminescent metal complexes. The resulting nido-carboranyl fragments associate with the cationic Ir(III) center through primarily electrostatic interactions. These compounds phosphoresce at blue wavelengths (450-470 nm) both in a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) matrix and in solution at 77 K. These complexes display structural stability at temperatures beyond 300 °C and quantum yields greater than 40%. Importantly, the observed quantum yields correspond to a dramatic 10-fold enhancement over the previously reported Ir(III) congeners featuring carboranyl-containing ligands in which the boron cluster is covalently attached to the metal. Ultimately, this work suggests that the use of a ligand framework containing a weakly coordinating anionic component can provide a new avenue for designing efficient Ir(III)-based phosphorescent emitters.
Supplementary tables from Spatial Architecture and Arrangement of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes for Predicting Likelihood of Recurrence in Early-Stage Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Table S1. List of all SpaTIL features. Table S2. List of the most discriminating spaTIL features for predicting recurrence in NSCLC. In this study, density is defined as the ratio of the number of cells within the cluster to the cluster pixel area, betweenness centrality is a measure of centrality in a graph based on shortest paths, and closeness centrality is a measure of centrality calculated as the sum of the length of the shortest paths between the node and all other nodes in the graph. Table S3: Summary of clinical and pathological features of the studied NSCLC cohorts. Table S4: Multivariable survival analysis on the test sets including SpaTIL. Table S5. Treatment information for the datasets included in this study.&lt;/p&gt;
Ionic Liquids for Sustainable Production of Actinides and Lanthanides (2016)

The singular properties of ionic liquids allow their use in a variety of new strategies for better and sustainable separations for f-element production. In this chapter, several directions in which ionic liquids can be applied are discussed. Liquid-liquid extractions based on ILs and non- aqueous electrochemistry, areas well known in the field, are reviewed and directions of interest are discussed, focusing on the sustainability of the processes. More novel strategies including alternatives to liquid-liquid extraction and strategies for ore dissolution are also explored. Lastly, the application of ionic liquids towards sustainable f-element production beyond the metal isolation step is illustrated by presenting their use in preparation of sorbents for extraction of uranium from seawater as a case study.
Spin properties of very shallow nitrogen vacancy defects in diamond (2012)

We investigate spin and optical properties of individual nitrogen vacancy centers located within 1--10 nm from the diamond surface. We observe stable defects with a characteristic optically detected magnetic-resonance spectrum down to the lowest depth. We also find a small but systematic spectral broadening for defects shallower than about 2 nm. This broadening is consistent with the presence of a surface paramagnetic impurity layer [Tisler et al., ACS Nano 3, 1959 (2009)] largely decoupled by motional averaging. The observation of stable and well-behaved defects very close to the surface is critical for single-spin sensors and devices requiring nanometer proximity to the target.
Organic Batteries: An Ultrahigh Output Rechargeable Electrode of a Hydrophilic Radical Polymer/Nanocarbon Hybrid with an Exceptionally Large Current Density beyond 1 A cm−2 (Adv. Mater. 26/2018) (2018)

In article number 1800900, Kenichi Oyaizu, Hiroyuki Nishide, and co-workers achieve an ultrahigh discharge current density in organic batteries of over 1 A cm−2 by hybridizing a hydrophilic radical polymer and single-walled carbon nanotubes. The facile and long-range charge transport by the continuous polymer/nanotube network contribute to the large flux. A flexible, thin, and safe rechargeable device is fabricated using the polymer hybrids and brine as an electrolyte.
Supplementary Dataset 3 from Distinct Subtypes of Gastric Cancer Defined by Molecular Characterization Include Novel Mutational Signatures with Prognostic Capability (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Frequent mutations of newly identified SMGs across multiple human cancer types.&lt;/p&gt;
Three-Terminal Nonvolatile Resistive-Change Device Integrated in Cu-BEOL (2014)

A diode-inserted complementary atom switch with two resistive-change junctions coupled with the diode-inserted gate is proposed. The atom switch serves the nonvolatile resistive-change junction, where the two atom switches are connected in series with opposite direction and transfer or cutoff the signals. The gate is placed between them through the diode, where back-end-of-the-line- Ta <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5-x</sub> diode is directly stacked on the two of atom switches, achieving high rectifying separation of the gate. The developed device realizes the three-terminal operation and potentially enables to replace the CMOS routing switch composed of SRAM and transmission gate with nonvolatility.