gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) Capacitive Soil Moisture Microsensor for In-situ Agriculture Applications: Measurement Studies and Temperature Effects (2019)

The soil moisture sensor is of utmost importance in agriculture due to issues including water conservation and disease prediction. This work presents the design and development of a molybdenum trioxide (MoO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> ) based capacitive soil moisture microsensor. The sensor comprises an inter-digitated electrode (IDE) on a silicon wafer and MoO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> is drop cast on IDE, which acts as the sensing film. IDE on Si wafer is mounted on the printed circuit board (PCB) and electrical contacts are taken out. During the lab measurements, we observed changes of 153 pF to 400 pF for different soil moisture ranges of 7% to 55% respectively in the black clayey soil. The response time for the fabricated microsensors is around 120 seconds in the soil for all types of measurements. Further, the change in response of the sensor is 16% when the temperature varies from 25 °C to 50 °C. Thus, we conclude that MoO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> is one of the potential oxides in the capacitive sensor platform and can be used for the in-situ soil moisture sensing.
Performance of MLSE-based receivers in lightwave systems with nonlinear dispersion and amplified spontaneous emission noise (2005)

Maximum likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE) has been proposed in earlier literature to combat the effects of nonlinear dispersion in intensity modulation/direct detection (IM/DD) optical channels. We develop a theory of the bit error rate (BER) of MLSE-based IM/DD receivers operating in the presence of nonlinear intersymbol interference (ISI) and amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise. Numerical results confirm the predictions of our theory. Based on the new analysis, we also investigate the log-likelihood ratio (LLR) of the received signal yielded by a soft-input/soft-output (SISO) front-end decoder. Our study shows that traditional channel codes designed for transmissions over AWGN channels, in combination with SISO front-end detectors, achieve an asymptotically optimal performance in transmissions over IM/DD optical channels.
Optical Communications System Having a Wide-Core Single-Mode Planar Waveguide. (1989)

Abstract : This invention concerns an optical communication system having a planar waveguide for a single-mode light wave; and, more particularly, it relates to an improved optical communication system having a unique single-mode wide-core planar waveguide of cladded and composite construction for propagating a single-mode light wave as the result of uniquely using more than one novel algorithmic technique that is based on inverse scattering theory and that analytically determines various design parameters of the waveguide prior to fabrication and use. Patent application. (rrh)
Characterization of Fluid Catalytic Cracking Catalyst Coke by 13C NMR and Mass Spectrometry (1996)

Coke has been concentrated from deactivated FCC catalysts via demineralisation to facilitate characterisation by solid state 13C NMR and mass spectrometry. The catalysts were obtained from refinery operations with a residue feed and a hydrotreated vacuum gas oil and from microreactivity runs with n-hexadecane and various additives. As for solid fuels, the use of a low-field spectrometer in conjunction with the single pulse excitation (or Bloch decay) technique has enabled quantitative carbon skeletal parameters to be obtained from 13C NMR for the cokes. Internal standard measurements demonstrated that most of the carbon is detectable by SPE and, therefore, NMR-invisible graphitic layers are not thought to be major structural features of the cokes. Differences in feedstock composition were reflected in the structure of the cokes with the aromatic nuclei being most highly condensed in the residue-derived coke and corresponding to 15-20 peri-condensed aromatic rings.
Cyclopentadienyl Yttrium Complexes Bearing a Fluorinated Aryloxide Functionality (2001)

The ligand C5H5(CH2CArF2OH) (3) (ArF = 3,5-C6H3(CF3)2) was prepared in moderate yield (65%) by ring opening of the epoxide ArF2C(O)CH2 (2) with NaCp. Epoxide 2 was accessible in two steps from commercially available precursors. Reaction of the dilithium salt of 3 with YCl3 afforded the ate complex {η5:η1-C5H4[CH2C(O)(3,5-C6H3(CF3)2)2]}2Y-Li+{THF}2 (4a). Exposure of 4a to vacuum resulted in partial desolvation to {η5:η1-C5H4[CH2C(O)(3,5-C6H3(CF3)2)2]}2Y-Li+{THF} (4b). The chloride complex {η5:η1-C5H4[CH2C(O)(3,5-C6H3(CF3)2)2]}YCl{THF}2 (5) could only be prepared by protonolysis of {Y[N(SiMe3)2]2(THF)2(μ-Cl)}2 with 1 equiv of 3. Metathesis reactions of 5 with 1 equiv of NaN(SiMe3)2, NaCp, and LiCH(SiMe3)2 afforded {η5:η1-C5H4[CH2C(O)(3,5-C6H3(CF3)2)2]}Y{N(SiMe3)2}{THF}n (6a, n = 2; 6b, n = 1), {η5:η1-C5H4[CH2C(O)(3,5-C6H3(CF3)2)2]}Y{η5-C5H5}{THF}n (8a, n = 2; 8b, n = 1), and {η5:η1-C5H4[CH2C(O)(3,5-C6H3(CF3)2)2]}Y{CH(SiMe3)2}{THF}2 (9), respectively. Metathesis of 5 with 2 equiv of Na[N(SiMe3)2] or LiCH(SiMe3)2 afforded the anionic “ate” complexes {η5:η1-C5H4[CH2C(O)(3,5-C6H3(CF3)2)2]}{N(SiMe3)2}2Y-Na+{THF}2 (7) and {η5:η1-C5H4[CH2C(O)(3,5-C6H3(CF3)2)2]}{CH(SiMe3)2}2Y-Li+{THF}2 (10), respectively. The phenoxide {η5:η1-C5H4[CH2C(O)(3,5-C6H3(CF3)2)2]}Y{O-2,6-t-Bu2C6H3}{THF}2 (11) could not be prepared by salt metathesis but was isolated by protonolysis of Y[O-2,6-t-Bu2C6H3][CH(SiMe3)2]2[THF]2 with 1 equiv of 3. The crystal structures of ate complex 4a and phenoxide 11 were established by X-ray crystallography.
Valvular Density Alone Cannot Account for Sites of Chronic Venous Insufficiency and Ulceration in the Lower Extremity (2001)

This study shows that the density of venous valves is actually higher in regions of the human lower extremity overlying bones and tendons, where venous stasis ulcers are common, than those overlying muscular areas, where ulcers are rarely seen. Thus, valvular quantity alone cannot account for the higher clinical incidence of ulceration. It is likely that muscular pumping and/or valvular quality are important factors in preventing the development of venous stasis and ulceration in the lower extremity.
ILC2s and Adipose Tissue Homeostasis: Progress to Date and the Road Ahead (2022)

Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) were initially identified as a new type of lymphocytes that produce vigorous amounts of type 2 cytokines in adipose tissue. Subsequent studies revealed that ILC2s are present not only in adipose tissue but also in various other tissues such as lung and skin. ILC2s are generally recognized as tissue-resident immune cells that regulate tissue homeostasis. ILC2s express receptors for various humoral factors and thus can change their functions or distribution depending on the environment and circumstances. In this review, we will outline our recent understanding of ILC2 biology and discuss future directions for ILC2 research, particularly in adipose tissue and metabolic homeostasis.
Analysis of the B-cell growth-promoting activity of human IL-4, the co-stimulatory assay with anti-immunoglobulin antibodies. Comparison with the B-cell growth-promoting activity of other lymphokines. (1989)

Human recombinant interleukin-4 (rIL-4) was assessed for its ability to promote the proliferative response of purified human B cells co-stimulated with submitogenic concentrations of soluble F(ab')2 fragments of anti-immunoglobulin (Ig) antibodies. The growth-promoting activity of rIL-4 was usually as potent as, or even more potent than, that of recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2), and more potent than that of recombinant interferon-gamma (rIFN-gamma). Preincubation with rIL-4 did not cause enhancement of the proliferative response of B cells to the subsequent addition of rIL-4 and anti-IgM antibody. In contrast, the proliferative response of B cells preincubated with anti-IgM antibody and rIL-4 was potentiated by the subsequent addition of rIL-4. The simultaneous addition of rIFN-gamma and rIL-2 or rIFN-gamma and rIL-4 had an additive effect in comparison with the response induced by rIL-2 or rIL-4 alone, respectively, whereas simultaneous addition of rIL-2 and rIL-4 induced a response equal or lower than that stimulated by rIL-2 or rIL-4 alone. The addition of rIFN-gamma at the beginning of culture or preincubation of B cells with rIFN-gamma and anti-IgM antibody potentiated the proliferative response of B cells to the subsequent addition of either rIL-2 or rIL-4. Taken together, these data suggest that rIL-4 acts as a growth factor for activated human B cells and displays on such cells a growth-promoting activity similar to that of rIL-2.
Molecular Cloning and Expression of a G25K cDNA, the Human Homolog of the Yeast Cell Cycle Gene CDC42 (1990)

G25K is a low-molecular-mass GTP-binding protein with a broad distribution in mammalian tissues. A cDNA clone was isolated by using oligonucleotides corresponding to the partial amino acid sequence of purified human G25K. The cDNA encodes an 191-amino-acid polypeptide containing GTP-binding consensus sequences and a putative farnesylation site at the C terminus. The sequence exhibits 50 and 70% identities to the mammalian rho and rac proteins, respectively, and an 80% identity to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae CDC42 gene product. Insect Sf9 cells infected with recombinant baculovirus vectors expressing the G25K cDNA produced a 25-kDa protein that bound GTP and was recognized by antibodies specifically reactive to G25K. G25K appears to be the human homolog of the CDC42 gene product, since expression of the G25K cDNA in S. cerevisiae suppressed both cdc42-1 and cdc24-4 temperature-sensitive lethal mutations.
Data from Neutralization of KIT Oncogenic Signaling in Leukemia with Antibodies Targeting KIT Membrane Proximal Domain 5 (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;KIT is a cell surface tyrosine kinase receptor whose ligand stem cell factor (SCF) triggers homodimerization and activation of downstream effector pathways involved in cell survival, proliferation, homing, or differentiation. KIT-activating mutations are major oncogenic drivers in subsets of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), in mast cell leukemia, and in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). The overexpression of SCF and/or wild-type (WT) KIT is also observed in a number of cancers, including 50% of AML and small cell lung cancer. The use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) in these pathologies is, however, hampered by initial or acquired resistance following treatment. Using antibody phage display, we obtained two antibodies (2D1 and 3G1) specific for the most membrane proximal extracellular immunoglobulin domain (D5) of KIT, which is implicated in KIT homodimerization. Produced as single chain variable antibody fragments fused to the Fc fragment of a human IgG1, bivalent 2D1-Fc and 3G1-Fc inhibited KIT-dependent growth of leukemic cell lines expressing WT KIT (UT7/Epo) or constitutively active KIT mutants, including the TKI imatinib-resistant KIT D816V mutant (HMC1.2 cell line). In all models, either expressing WT KIT or mutated KIT, 2D1 and 3G1-Fc induced KIT internalization and sustained surface downregulation. However, interestingly, KIT degradation was only observed in leukemic cell lines with oncogenic KIT, a property likely to limit the toxicity of these antibodies in patients. These fully human antibody formats may represent therapeutic tools to target KIT signaling in leukemia or GIST, and to bypass TKI resistance of certain KIT mutants. &lt;i&gt;Mol Cancer Ther; 14(11); 2595–605. ©2015 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Statistical Shape and Probability Prior Model for Automatic Prostate Segmentation (2011)

Accurate prostate segmentation in Trans Rectal Ultra Sound (TRUS) images is an important step in different clinical applications. However, the development of computer aided automatic prostate segmentation in TRUS images is a challenging task due to low contrast, heterogeneous intensity distribution inside the prostate region, imaging artifacts like shadow, and speckle. Significant variations in prostate shape, size and contrast between the datasets pose further challenges to achieve an accurate segmentation. In this paper we propose to use graph cuts in a Bayesian framework for automatic initialization and propagate multiple mean parametric models derived from principal component analysis of shape and posterior probability information of the prostate region to segment the prostate. The proposed framework achieves a mean Dice similarity coefficient value of 0.974±0.006, mean mean absolute distance value of 0.49±0.20 mm and mean Hausdorff distance of 1.24±0.56 mm when validated with 23 datasets in a leave-one-patient-out validation framework.
Peer-to-Peer Rating (2007)

This paper proposes to utilize algorithms from the probabilistic graphical models domain for Peer-to-Peer rating of data items and for computing "social influence" of nodes in a Peer-to-peer social network. We evaluate the practicality of our approach using large- scale simulations over a MSN Live Messenger subgraph consisting of about a million nodes. Our algorithms are general since they can be used for Peer-to-peer monitoring and for the efficient computation of other node ranking methods, such as PageRank and Information Centrality.
Nore sul territorio di Castiglion Fiorentino (1994)

Oral cancer, specifically oral squamous cell carcinoma, has increase in Mexicans females in the last 20 years.
60-GHz Millimeter-Wave Pathloss Measurements in Boise Airport (2018)

This paper presents a large scale fading channel model at the 60 GHz band. This model is based on the measurement campaign that our team conducted at Boise Airport and Boise State University. The close-in reference path loss and floating-intercept path loss models with both statistical and stochastic approaches are investigated for these environments. The measurements were collected at several different locations in line-of-sight (LOS) and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) scenarios using high gain directional antenna. The path loss exponent and shadowing factor are determined based on the measurement results and compared with recent work at this frequency. Both the stochastic gradient descent algorithm and the statistical least-square technique are used to analyze the floating-intercept path loss model. The results show that the path loss exponents in the outdoor scenarios are higher than the indoor environment due the RF noise caused by the sunny and dry climate in the Boise area. Finally, a good agreement is found between the measurement results and the prior work results in presented in the literature.
T-type calcium channels contribute to colonic hypersensitivity in a rat model of irritable bowel syndrome (2011)

The symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) include significant abdominal pain and bloating. Current treatments are empirical and often poorly efficacious, and there is a need for the development of new and efficient analgesics aimed at IBS patients. T-type calcium channels have previously been validated as a potential target to treat certain neuropathic pain pathologies. Here we report that T-type calcium channels encoded by the Ca(V)3.2 isoform are expressed in colonic nociceptive primary afferent neurons and that they contribute to the exaggerated pain perception in a butyrate-mediated rodent model of IBS. Both the selective genetic inhibition of Ca(V)3.2 channels and pharmacological blockade with calcium channel antagonists attenuates IBS-like painful symptoms. Mechanistically, butyrate acts to promote the increased insertion of Ca(V)3.2 channels into primary sensory neuron membranes, likely via a posttranslational effect. The butyrate-mediated regulation can be recapitulated with recombinant Ca(V)3.2 channels expressed in HEK cells and may provide a convenient in vitro screening system for the identification of T-type channel blockers relevant to visceral pain. These results implicate T-type calcium channels in the pathophysiology of chronic visceral pain and suggest Ca(V)3.2 as a promising target for the development of efficient analgesics for the visceral discomfort and pain associated with IBS.
SEANet (2015)

As of today, Underwater Acoustic Networks (UANs) are heavily dependent on commercially available acoustic modems. While commercial modems are often able to support specific applications, they are typically not flexible enough to satisfy the requirements of next-generation UANs, which need to be able to adapt their communication and networking protocols in real-time based on the environmental and application conditions. To address these needs, we present SEANet (Software-dEfined Acoustic Networking), a modular, evolving software-defined framework for UAN devices that offers the necessary flexibility to adapt and satisfy different application and system requirements through a well-defined set of functionalities at the physical, data-link, network, and application layers of the networking protocol stack. SEANet is based on a structured modular architecture that enables real-time reconfiguration at different layers, provides a flexible platform for the deployment of new protocol designs and enhancements, and ensures software portability for platform independence. Moreover, we present a prototype of a low-cost, fully reconfigurable underwater sensing platform that implements the SEANet framework, and discuss performance evaluation results from water tank tests.
Tungsten Added Sb$_{80}$Te$_{20}$ for Phase-Change RAM (2007)

Sb <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">80</sub> Te <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">20</sub> has the merit of high crystallization speed yet with low crystallization temperature (T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x </sub> ~132degC), and hence, not suitable for use as a medium of phase change random access memory (PCRAM). We proposed to add refractory metals to solve this problem. It was found that W-added Sb <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">80</sub> Te <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">20</sub> show increased T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> up to 233degC with increasing W. More important, the melting temperature of W-Sb-Te materials, 536-539degC irrespective of W content, is more than 80degC lower than that of Ge <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> Sb <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> Te <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> . They show a two to four orders of magnitude lowering in resistance during phase change from an amorphous to a crystalline state. With these promising properties, the composition Sb <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">80</sub> Te <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">17</sub> W <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> is recommended as a potential candidate for PCRAM
Study on oligomerization of glutamate decarboxylase from Lactobacillus brevis using asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) with light scattering techniques (2017)

In this work, asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) coupled with UV/Vis, multi-angle light scattering (MALS), and differential refractive index (dRI) detectors (AF4-UV-MALS-dRI) was employed for analysis of glutamate decarboxylase (LbGadB) from Lactobacillus brevis (L. brevis). AF4 provided molecular weight (MW) (or size)-based separation of dimer, hexamer, and aggregates of LbGadB. The effect of pH on oligomerization of LbGadB was investigated, and then AF4 results were compared to those from molecular modeling. The MWs measured by AF4-UV-MALS-dRI for dimeric and hexameric forms of LbGadB were 110 and 350 kDa, respectively, which are in good agreements with those theoretically calculated (110 and 330 kDa). The molecular sizes determined by AF4-UV-MALS-dRI were also in good agreement with those obtained from molecular modeling (6 and 10 nm, respectively, for dimeric and hexameric from AF4-UV-MALS-dRI and 6.4 × 7.6 and 7.6 × 13.1 nm from molecular modeling). The effects of temperature, salt type, and salt concentration on oligomerization of LbGadB were also investigated using dynamic light scattering (DLS). It was found that the hexameric form of LbGadB was most stable at pH 6 and in presence of NaCl or KCl. The results indicate that AF4, in combination of various online detectors mentioned above, provides an effective tool for monitoring of oligomerization of LbGadB under different conditions, such as temperature, pH, type of salts, and salt concentrations.
Abstracts (2012)

SHP1 EXPRESSION IS EPIGENETICALLY REGULATED AND INFLUENCES THE SENSITIVITY TO CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC AGENTS IN GLIOBLASTOMA CELLS
Dispersion compensation in 20 Gbit/s dynamic nonlinearlightwave systems using electrically tunable chirped fibre grating (1999)

The authors experimentally demonstrate dynamic optimisation of dispersion in a nonlinear lightwave system using an electrically tunable, power efficient dispersion compensating fibre Bragg grating device. The device provides the ability to adjust, in a dynamic fashion, the dispersion compensation in a 20 Gbit/s single channel NRZ system in order to maintain optimum system performance under nonlinear transmission conditions over a 17 dB variation in launch power.
Remembering Ralph Steinman (2011)

As detailed in the Appreciation piece written by Carol Moberg, Ralph’s discovery and investigation of DCs constituted an enormous contribution to immunology. However, Ralph’s influence extended far beyond the strictly scientific. Below, some of Ralph’s closest colleagues and friends reflect on the long-lasting effects of his unwavering mentorship, enthusiasm, generosity, and friendship. Also in this issue is a Perspective, originally commissioned by Ralph and written by Robin Weiss and Peter Vogt. Ralph passed away before he could read this engaging piece, which celebrates the centennial of the publication in the JEM of the Nobel Prize-winning work of Peyton Rous. In addition to their Nobel Prizes, Ralph and Peyton Rous shared the distinctions of being long-time leaders of Rockefeller laboratories and editors of this journal.
Power System Dispatch With Marginal Degradation Cost of Battery Storage (2020)

Battery storage is essential for the future smart grid. The inevitable cell degradation renders the battery lifetime volatile and highly dependent on battery dispatch, and thus incurs opportunity cost. This paper rigorously derives the marginal degradation cost of battery for power system dispatch. The derived optimal marginal degradation cost is time-variant to reflect the time value of money and the functionality fade of battery and takes the form of a constant value divided by a discount factor plus a term related to battery state of health. In case studies, we demonstrate the evolution of the optimal marginal costs of degradation that corresponds to the optimal long-term dispatch outcome. We also show that the optimal marginal cost of degradation depends on the marginal cost of generation in the grid.