gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Noninvasive MR characterization of structural and functional components of reperfused infarct (2010)

Background: Left ventricular (LV) remodeling is a highly complex phenomenon that starts soon after infarction and progresses to extensive regional and global architectural changes over time. Purpose: To noninvasively comprehensively characterize transient (edema, hemorrhage, microvascular obstruction (MO)) and persistent structural (infarct size) components of reperfused infarct up to 10 weeks and to determine their relation to LV function. Material and Methods: Farm pigs were used for the study. Under fluoroscopy the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery was occluded for 90 min. MR imaging was performed at 3 days ( n=14 pigs), 5 weeks ( n=10), and 10 weeks ( n=6) after reperfusion. The following MR imaging sequences were used: (i) cine; (ii) T2-weighted turbo spin echo; (iii) T2*-weighted turbo spin echo; (iv) tagged; (v) phase-contrast velocity-encoded; (vi) first-pass perfusion; and (vii) delayed contrast-enhanced (DE-MR imaging). After imaging, animals were euthanized at 3 days ( n=4), 5 weeks ( n=4), and 10 weeks ( n=6) and hearts were stained with triphenyltetrazolium chloride to define acute, subacute, and scar infarct and interstitial hemorrhage. Results: T2, T2*, and DE-MR imaging demonstrated transient interstitial edema, interstitial hemorrhage, and MO, respectively. MO was observed in 85% of animals and 60% of these showed hemorrhages. Cine, tagged, and phase-contrast velocity-encoded images documented the persistent impairment in 3D strain of infarcted segments, which on first-pass perfusion showed persistent perfusion deficit. MR imaging demonstrated the progressive increase in LV volumes and decreased ejection fraction over time. The changes in LV between 5 and 10 weeks were not related to the presence of interstitial edema, interstitial hemorrhage, MO or increase in infarct size. Conclusion: The various MR sequences described in this study allowed the demonstration of transient and persistent components of reperfused infarct. The progressive deterioration of global LV function was not related to the transient reperfusion components (edema, hemorrhage or MO) or change in infarct size. The results imply that MR imaging has the potential to identify progressive deterioration of LV function unrelated to reperfusion injury components or infarct size.
Adaptive Coherent Receiver Settings for Optimum Channel Spacing in Gridless Optical Networks (2019)

In this paper, we propose a novel circuit and system to optimize the spacing between optical channels in gridless (also called flexible-grid or elastic) networking. The method will exploit the beginning-of-life link margin by enabling the channel to operate in super-Nyquist dense wavelength division multiplexing mode. We present the work in the context of software-defined networking and high-speed optical flexible-rate transponders. The clock recovery scheme allows the mitigation of jitter by decoupling the contribution of high-jitter noise sources from the clock recovery loop. The method and associated algorithm are experimentally verified where a spectrum gain of up to 2 GHz in spacing between two channels in the Media Channel (MC) is obtained compared to conventional clocking strategies. We showed that the improvement is equivalent to increasing throughput, in a data-center interconnect scenario, by up to 300 giga-bits per second per route.
An Error Concealment Scheme for Entire Frame Losses for H.264/AVC (2006)

In this paper, an error concealment scheme is proposed to conceal an entirely lost frame in a compressed video bitstream due to errors introduced during transmission. The proposed scheme targets low bit rate video transmission applications using H.264/AVC. The motion field of the lost frame is first reconstructed by copying the co-located motion vectors and reference indices from the last decoded reference frame. After the motion field estimation of the missing frame, motion compensation is performed to reconstruct the frame. This technique reuses existing modules of the video decoder and it does not incur extra complexity compared to decoding a normal frame. It has also been adopted as a non-normative decoder option to the JM reference software at the JVT meeting in Poznan, Poland in July 2005 [1] and has been incorporated into the SA4 video ad hoc group's toolkit at the 3GPP meeting at Paris [2] in September 2005. Simulation results will show its improved performance over other simple error concealment schemes such as "frame copy," both subjectively and objectively, without significant complexity overhead.
Reverse KL-Divergence Training of Prior Networks: Improved Uncertainty and Adversarial Robustness (2019)

Ensemble approaches for uncertainty estimation have recently been applied to the tasks of misclassification detection, out-of-distribution input detection and adversarial attack detection. Prior Networks have been proposed as an approach to efficiently \emph{emulate} an ensemble of models for classification by parameterising a Dirichlet prior distribution over output distributions. These models have been shown to outperform alternative ensemble approaches, such as Monte-Carlo Dropout, on the task of out-of-distribution input detection. However, scaling Prior Networks to complex datasets with many classes is difficult using the training criteria originally proposed. This paper makes two contributions. First, we show that the appropriate training criterion for Prior Networks is the \emph{reverse} KL-divergence between Dirichlet distributions. This addresses issues in the nature of the training data target distributions, enabling prior networks to be successfully trained on classification tasks with arbitrarily many classes, as well as improving out-of-distribution detection performance. Second, taking advantage of this new training criterion, this paper investigates using Prior Networks to detect adversarial attacks and proposes a generalized form of adversarial training. It is shown that the construction of successful \emph{adaptive} whitebox attacks, which affect the prediction and evade detection, against Prior Networks trained on CIFAR-10 and CIFAR-100 using the proposed approach requires a greater amount of computational effort than against networks defended using standard adversarial training or MC-dropout.
Parallel I/O aware query optimization (2014)

New trends in storage industry suggest that in the near future a majority of the hard disk drive-based storage subsystems will be replaced by solid state drives (SSDs). Database management systems can substantially benefit from the superior I/O performance of SSDs. Although the impact of using SSD in query processing has been studied in the past, exploiting the I/O parallelism of SSDs in query processing and optimization has not received enough attention. In this paper, at first, we show why the query optimizer needs to be aware of the benefit of the I/O parallelism in solid state drives. We characterize the benefit of exploiting I/O parallelism in database scan operators in SAP SQL Anywhere and propose a novel general I/O cost model that considers the impact of device I/O queue depth in I/O cost estimation. We show that using this model, the best plans found by the optimizer would be much closer to optimal. The proposed model is implemented in SAP SQL Anywhere. This model, dynamically defined by a calibration process, summarizes the behavior of the I/O subsystem, without having any prior knowledge about the type and the number of devices which are used in the storage subsystem.
Joint Modeling of Accents and Acoustics for Multi-Accent Speech Recognition (2018)

The performance of automatic speech recognition systems degrades with increasing mismatch between the training and testing scenarios. Differences in speaker accents are a significant source of such mismatch. The traditional approach to deal with multiple accents involves pooling data from several accents during training and building a single model in multi-task fashion, where tasks correspond to individual accents. In this paper, we explore an alternate model where we jointly learn an accent classifier and a multi-task acoustic model. Experiments on the American English Wall Street Journal and British English Cambridge corpora demonstrate that our joint model outperforms the strong multi-task acoustic model baseline. We obtain a 5.94% relative improvement in word error rate on British English, and 9.47% relative improvement on American English. This illustrates that jointly modeling with accent information improves acoustic model performance.
Flame Retardant Polymer Nanocomposites and Interfaces (2019)

The flame retardant efficiency of polymer nanocomposites is highly dependent on the dispersion of the nano-fillers within the polymer matrix. In order to control the filler dispersion, it is very essential to explore the interfacial compatibility between fillers and matrices, which provides a guide for the flame retardant nanocomposites compounding. In this short review, we mainly focus on the thermoplastic polymers and their interactions with the surfaces of the flame retardant fillers. Other physical properties of those nanocomposites such as mechanical properties, gas permeability, rheological performance and thermal conductivity are also briefly reviewed along with the flame retardancy, since they are all dispersion related.
Six-Second Advertisements On Television (2019)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> Six-second advertisements are used widely in digital video but only recently have appeared on television. As linear (scheduled programming) television and digital video started to converge through platforms such as over-the-top (<i>i.e.</i>, delivered through the Internet), it was not surprising that linear television networks began running six-second advertisements in 2017. The current study evaluated the effectiveness of more than 3,000 of these shorter six-second advertisements (“sixes”) against 15-second (“15s”) and 30-second (“30s”) advertisements. The authors found that sixes were used in better pod positions and dayparts, which positively contributed to their performance.
Common Round: Application of Language Technologies to Large-Scale Web Debates (2017)

Hans Uszkoreit, Aleksandra Gabryszak, Leonhard Hennig, Jörg Steffen, Renlong Ai, Stephan Busemann, Jon Dehdari, Josef van Genabith, Georg Heigold, Nils Rethmeier, Raphael Rubino, Sven Schmeier, Philippe Thomas, He Wang, Feiyu Xu. Proceedings of the Software Demonstrations of the 15th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics. 2017.
Ara-C cytokinetic studies in normal tissues in vivo (1982)

The importance of including normal tissues in the design of cytokinetic-based chemotherapeutic schedules is becoming increasingly apparent. However, the lack of rapid analytical techniques to obtain quantitative cytokinetic data on target subpopulations in heterogenous normal tissues, such as the gastrointestinal and hematopoietic system, has limited the inclusion of these tissues in therapy design. Once target subpopulations are identified and/or discriminated, flow cytometry in conjunction with radioactivity measurements by liquid scintillation counting can be used to rapidly obtain quantitative cytokinetic data during drug therapy. The present paper reviews our current cytokinetic techniques and the applications and limitations of these techniques in the analysis of Ara-C-induced perturbations in the small intestine and hematopoietic system. Cell cycle information both prior to and 30 hrs following a single Ara-C treatment was obtained in the intestinal crypts and femoral marrow population using radioactive precursor uptake and flow cytometric techniques. In addition, the relationship between crypt cell survival and animal lethality following Ara-C treatment was determined to better understand the impact of a damage to a regenerative population on the "clinical endpoint" of animal survival. Understanding the principles behind the normal tissue toxicity which occurs during multidose treatment will hopefully allow modulation of this toxicity through the rational design of optimal chemotherapeutic schedules.
The genomic substrate for adaptive radiation in African cichlid fish (2015)

Cichlid fishes are famous for large, diverse and replicated adaptive radiations in the Great Lakes of East Africa. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying cichlid phenotypic diversity, we sequenced the genomes and transcriptomes of five lineages of African cichlids: the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), an ancestral lineage with low diversity; and four members of the East African lineage: Neolamprologus brichardi/pulcher (older radiation, Lake Tanganyika), Metriaclima zebra (recent radiation, Lake Malawi), Pundamilia nyererei (very recent radiation, Lake Victoria), and Astatotilapia burtoni (riverine species around Lake Tanganyika). We found an excess of gene duplications in the East African lineage compared to tilapia and other teleosts, an abundance of non-coding element divergence, accelerated coding sequence evolution, expression divergence associated with transposable element insertions, and regulation by novel microRNAs. In addition, we analysed sequence data from sixty individuals representing six closely related species from Lake Victoria, and show genome-wide diversifying selection on coding and regulatory variants, some of which were recruited from ancient polymorphisms. We conclude that a number of molecular mechanisms shaped East African cichlid genomes, and that amassing of standing variation during periods of relaxed purifying selection may have been important in facilitating subsequent evolutionary diversification.
Dependence of GaN HEMT Millimeter-Wave Performance on Temperature (2009)

This paper presents extensive thermal characterization of recently fabricated high-performance millimeter-wave GaN/SiC devices from four sources across temperature (-25°C to + 125°C). The changes with temperature for: output power at millimeter-wave frequencies (P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">out</sub> ), pinchoff voltage (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</sub> ), knee-voltage (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</sub> ), onresistance (R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on</sub> ), power-added efficiency (PAE), saturated drain current (I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dss</sub> ), power gain (G), and transconductance (g <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sub> ) are measured, statistics studied, and correlations investigated. Temperature-coefficients are established for P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">out</sub> , V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</sub> , V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</sub> , R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on</sub> , PAE, I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dss</sub> , G, and g <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sub> in GaN technology. The main findings are: 1) P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">out</sub> 's temperature dependence can be negative or positive, opposite of G's and I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dss</sub> 's strong negative temperature dependence, and 2) the pinchoff voltage's dependence on temperature is very weak. The results obtained provide monolithic microwave integrated circuit designers with key information required for meeting performance over a wide temperature range.
Extremely Nondegenerate Two-Photon Absorption and Subbandgap Detection in Semiconductors (2011)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text D.A. Fishman, C.M. Cirloganu, S. Webster, L.A. Padilha, D.J. Hagan, and E.W. Van Stryland, "Extremely Nondegenerate Two-Photon Absorption and Subbandgap Detection in Semiconductors," Optics & Photonics News 22(12), 25-25 (2011) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Switched optical backbone for cost-effective scalable core IP networks (2003)

With the advent of WDM technology, IP backbone carriers are now connecting core routers directly over point-to-point WDM links (IP over WDM). The advances and standardization in optical control plane technologies like GMPLS have substantially increased the intelligence of the optical layer and shown promise toward making dynamic provisioning and restoration of optical layer circuits a basic capability to be leveraged by upper network layers. In light of this, an architecture where a reconfigurable optical backbone (IP over OTN) consisting of SONET/SDH crossconnects/switches interconnected via DWDM links provides connectivity among IP routers is an emerging alternative. As carriers evolve their networks to meet the continued growth of data traffic in the Internet, they have to make a fundamental choice between the above architectural alternatives. In the current business environment, this decision is likely to be guided by network cost and scalability concerns. A reconfigurable optical backbone provides a flexible transport infrastructure that eases many operational hurdles, such as fast provisioning, robust restoration, and disaster recovery. It can also be shared with other service networks such as ATM, frame relay, and SONET/SDH. From that perspective, an agile transport infrastructure is definitely the architecture of choice. The IP-over-OTN solution is also more scalable since the core of the network in this architecture is based on more scalable optical switches rather than IP routers. But what about cost? Since the IP-over-OTN solution introduces a new network element, the optical switch, is it more expensive? We address that question by comparing IP-over-WDM and IP-over-OTN architectures from an economic standpoint using real-life network data. We show that contrary to common wisdom, IP over OTN can lead to substantial reduction in capital expenditure through reduction of expensive transit IP router ports. The savings increases rapidly with the number of nodes in the network and traffic demand between nodes. The economies of scale for the IP-over-OTN backbone increase substantially when we move traffic restoration from the IP layer to the optical layer. We also compare the two architectures from the perspective of scalability, flexibility, and robustness. Our observations make a strong case in favor of a switched optical backbone for building scalable IP networks.
Security in personal area networks (2004)

This chapter discusses security for personal area networks (PANs). An overview of different PAN security issues and solutions is given. We define a PAN reference and trust model. A PAN security architecture based on the model is described. Especially we provide new solutions to the PAN device security initialisation problem using manual authentication techniques. We show that PAN key management can be sub stantially simplified using trust delegation or a personal &apos;Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)&apos;. Internal PAN communication security as well as secure configuration and access control is discussed.
Hybrid Approximate Message Passing with Applications to Structured Sparsity (2011)

Abstract—Gaussian and quadratic approximations of message passing algorithms on graphs have attracted considerable recent attention due to their computational simplicity, analytic tractabil-ity, and wide applicability in optimization and statistical inference problems. This paper presents a systematic framework for incor-porating such approximate message passing (AMP) methods in general graphical models. The key concept is a partition of depen-dencies of a general graphical model into strong and weak edges, with the weak edges representing interactions through aggregates of small, linearizable couplings of variables. AMP approximations based on the Central Limit Theorem can be readily applied to the weak edges and integrated with standard message passing updates on the strong edges. The resulting algorithm, which we call hybrid generalized approximate message passing (Hybrid-GAMP), can yield significantly simpler implementations of sum-product and max-sum loopy belief propagation. By varying the partition of strong and weak edges, a performance–complexity trade-off can be achieved. Group sparsity problems are studied as an example of this general methodology where there is a natural partition of edges. Index Terms—belief propagation, estimation, group sparsity, max-sum algorithm, maximum a posteriori probability, minimum mean-squared error, optimization, simultaneous sparsity, sum-product algorithm I.
(4-Methoxy-benzylidene)-(3-methoxy-phenyl)-amine, a Nitrogen Analog of Stilbene as a Potent Inhibitor of Melanin Production (2002)

The current study was carried out to investigate in vitro the effects of (4-methoxy-benzylidene)-(3-methoxyphenyl)-amine on melanin biosynthesis which is closely related to hyper-pigmentation. (4-Methoxy-benzylidene)-(3-methoxy-phenyl)-amine, a nitrogen analog of stilbene, was synthesized by a single step process. This compound inhibited the tyrosinase activity, which converts dopa to dopachrome in the biosynthetic process of melanin, and showed a UV-blocking effect at UV-B band. The compound also exhibited SOD-like activity, which is involved in the protection against auto-oxidation and inhibited melanin production in melan-a cell line. Our results suggest the possibility that (4-methoxy-benzylidene)-(3-methoxy-phenyl)-amine might be used as a skin whitening agent.
An OpenCL(TM) Deep Learning Accelerator on Arria 10 (2017)

Convolutional neural nets (CNNs) have become a practical means to perform vision tasks, particularly in the area of image classification. FPGAs are well known to be able to perform convolutions efficiently, however, most recent efforts to run CNNs on FPGAs have shown limited advantages over other devices such as GPUs. Previous approaches on FPGAs have often been memory bound due to the limited external memory bandwidth on the FPGA device. We show a novel architecture written in OpenCL(TM), which we refer to as a Deep Learning Accelerator (DLA), that maximizes data reuse and minimizes external memory bandwidth. Furthermore, we show how we can use the Winograd transform to significantly boost the performance of the FPGA. As a result, when running our DLA on Intel's Arria 10 device we can achieve a performance of 1020 img/s, or 23 img/s/W when running the AlexNet CNN benchmark. This comes to 1382 GFLOPs and is 10x faster with 8.4x more GFLOPS and 5.8x better efficiency than the state-of-the-art on FPGAs. Additionally, 23 img/s/W is competitive against the best publicly known implementation of AlexNet on nVidia's TitanX GPU.