gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Compositional Analysis of Major Saponins and Anti-inflammatory Activitiy of Steam-Processed Platycodi Radix under Pressure (2008)

Platycosides are the saponins in Platycodi Radix and they have several beneficial effects such as antiinflammatory and anti-obesity activities. This study was designed to determine the changes in the saponin composition in Platycodi Radix (platycosides) after being processed under steam and pressure and to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of their extracts. The change of the platycoside compositions was investigated after 1, 2, 3, 6 and 9h heat processing of Platycodi Radices by using HPLC coupled with an evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD) system. After heat treatment (, 1, 2, 3, 6 and 9 h), the contents of several platycosides such as platycoside E, platycodin , platycodin D, polygalacin D, and platycodin A decreased as the processing time was longer. While the total contents of the saponins decreased, the contents of deapi-forms of deapiplatycoside E, deapi-platycodin , and deapi-platycodin D increased relatively. These results indicate that the linkage between apiose and xylose located at C-28 is labile to heat and pressure. The LPS-induced iNOS inhibitory activities of the samples treated for 1 and 2 hours were enhanced and after then, the activities were reduced. These results suggested that heat treatment of the samples affect the content of the total saponins and the saponin content may be the important criteria representing the anti-inflammatory activity.
Genetic regulation of OAS1 nonsense-mediated decay underlies association with COVID-19 hospitalization in patients of European and African ancestries (2022)

The chr12q24.13 locus encoding OAS1-OAS3 antiviral proteins has been associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) susceptibility. Here, we report genetic, functional and clinical insights into this locus in relation to COVID-19 severity. In our analysis of patients of European (n = 2,249) and African (n = 835) ancestries with hospitalized versus nonhospitalized COVID-19, the risk of hospitalized disease was associated with a common OAS1 haplotype, which was also associated with reduced severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) clearance in a clinical trial with pegIFN-λ1. Bioinformatic analyses and in vitro studies reveal the functional contribution of two associated OAS1 exonic variants comprising the risk haplotype. Derived human-specific alleles rs10774671-A and rs1131454 -A decrease OAS1 protein abundance through allele-specific regulation of splicing and nonsense-mediated decay (NMD). We conclude that decreased OAS1 expression due to a common haplotype contributes to COVID-19 severity. Our results provide insight into molecular mechanisms through which early treatment with interferons could accelerate SARS-CoV-2 clearance and mitigate against severe COVID-19.
Mixture Density Mercer Kernels: A Method to Learn Kernels Directly from Data (2004)

This paper presents a method of generating Mercer Kernels from an ensemble of probabilistic mixture models, where each mixture model is generated from a Bayesian mixture density estimate. We show how to convert the ensemble estimates into a Mercer Kernel, describe the properties of this new kernel function, and give examples of the performance of this kernel on unsupervised clustering of synthetic data and also in the domain of unsupervised multispectral image understanding.
Analog transmission using vertical-cavity lasers (1998)

Summary form only given. Analog signal transmission using a short wavelength VCSEL is studied. We demonstrate a spurious free dynamic range suitable for personal communications systems. The maximum dynamic range was measured at 85 dB Hz/sup 2/3/ between 100 MHz and 1 GHz using a higher bandwidth detector. Although this is lower than the maximum achievable dynamic range for DFB lasers (SFDR=125 dB Hz/sup 2/3/), these results indicate that VCSELs satisfy the dynamic range requirements for personal communication systems, which are in the range of 72-83 dB Hz/sup 2/3/. Increasing the optical power coupled into the detector and operating at higher modulation frequencies may result in improved dynamic range for VCSELs. At higher frequencies, performance will not be influenced by thermal nonlinearities, but instead will be limited by the relatively high relaxation oscillation frequencies. Finally, we present the dependence of dynamic range on oxide aperture diameter illustrating the effects of spatial hole burning.
Charge Recycling in Power-Gated CMOS Circuits (2008)

The design of a suitable power gating (e.g., multithreshold or super cutoff CMOS) structure is an important and challenging task in sub-90-nm very large scale integration (VLSI) circuits where leakage currents are significant. In designs where the mode transitions are frequent, a significant amount of energy is consumed to turn on or off the power gating structure. It is thus desirable to develop a power gating solution that minimizes the energy consumed during mode transitions. This paper presents such a solution by recycling charge between the virtual power and ground rails immediately after entering the sleep mode and just before wakeup. The proposed method can save up to 43% of the dynamic energy wasted during mode transition while maintaining the wakeup time of the original circuit. It also reduces the peak negative voltage value and the settling time of the ground bounce.
Broadband mode-evolution-based four-port polarizing beam splitter (2014)

The first demonstration of a four-port integrated polarizing beam splitter is reported. The device was fabricated on a silicon-on-insulator platform and exhibits crosstalk level &lt; -10dB over a 150nm bandwidth.
Polygenic risk score calibration and association with breast cancer in diverse ancestries. (2023)

10505 Background: Polygenic risk scores (PRS) have been shown to substantially improve breast cancer (BC) risk prediction when incorporated into traditional risk assessment models. However, PRS developed primarily in women of European ancestry have shown poor performance when applied to non-European populations. We previously described development and validation of a multiple-ancestry PRS (MA-PRS) that is based on individual ancestral genetic composition. MA-PRS has been incorporated into the Tyrer-Cuzick model for use in clinical practice and has been shown to provide independent value to the model. Here, we describe performance of the MA-PRS in a large cohort of women from diverse ancestral backgrounds. Methods: The study cohort included 203,586 patients who were referred for hereditary cancer testing and negative for pathogenic variants in genes associated with BC. MA-PRS was calculated as previously described based on 149 SNPs (93 BC and 56 ancestry-informative). Association of MA-PRS with invasive BC status (affected vs unaffected) was analyzed using logistic regression adjusted for personal and family cancer history, age, and ancestry. Calibration was assessed by examining the MA-PRS distribution within unaffected patients, and through goodness-of-fit tests. All analyses were conducted within the full cohort and within ancestral subpopulations. Odds ratios (ORs) are reported per standard deviation. Results: One-fifth (43,782/203,586, 21.5%) of patients were diagnosed with invasive BC, and 60,657 (29.8%) of patients reported BC in a first degree relative. The MA-PRS distribution was centered around zero among unaffected patients overall and within each subpopulation. MA-PRS significantly improved BC risk prediction over clinical factors in the full cohort (OR = 1.43, 95% CI:1.41-1.44) and within each ancestral subpopulation (Table). The strongest associations were observed in Ashkenazi Jewish (OR = 1.56, 95% CI:1.39-1.76) and South Asian (OR = 1.49,95% CI: 1.23-1.81) populations. The top decile of the MA-PRS consistently identified patients with two-fold increased risk of developing BC. Goodness-of-fit tests showed that the MA-PRS was well calibrated and predicted BC risk accurately in the tails of the distribution for both European and non-European women. Conclusions: The breast cancer MA-PRS based on genetic ancestral composition is well-calibrated and strongly associated with BC in all tested ancestral populations. Incorporation of PRS adds independent information to risk models and supports equitable access to personalized BC risk management. [Table: see text]
Particle Swarm Optimization-Based Consensus Achievement of a Decentralized Sensor Network (2013)

This paper explores the possibility of enhancing the decision-making capability of a decentralized sensor network by establishing cooperative behavior among sensor agents. For that purpose, it was necessary to devise a robust consensus mechanism that distributes sensing information through local fusing with neighbors rather than through a centralized control. This paper proposed a novel particle swarm optimization framework to achieve robust consensus of decentralized sensors; the new framework showed an 16.5% improvement in consensus achievement as compared to the classic majority rule method. Noteworthy enhancements in consensus achievement are also pertinent to the comparable situation of decentralized-sensor network.
Demonstration of compact 2&#x00D7;2 multimode interference coupler on silicon nanomembrane (2010)

We designed and fabricated a 2×2 tapered multimode interference coupler on silicon-on-insulator with dimensions of 12.88μm×3μm. The device keeps a 50/50 splitting ratio over a 50nm bandwidth. To our best knowledge this is the most compact 2×2 MMI demonstrated.
From Model Complexes to Metalloprotein Inhibition: A Synergistic Approach to Structure‐Based Drug Discovery (2003)

Synergie: Die Kombination von synthetischen Modellverbindungen mit computergestützter Konformationsanalyse ermöglichte die Aufklärung der Bindung eines Inhibitors an ein medizinisch bedeutsames Metalloenzym. [(TpPh,Me)Zn(mbt)] (TpPh,Me=Hydrotris(3,5-phenylmethylpyrazolyl)borat, mbt=2-Methoxybenzolthiol) wurde als Modell (grün, siehe Bild) für die Konformation eines bekannten Inhibitors am aktiven Zentrum des Enzyms verwendet. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2003/z51433_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
An agent-based framework for Informed Consent in the internet of things (2015)

The Informed Consent of a data subject (e.g., citizen) is often necessary to allow the legitimate processing of personal data by a third party application. The current implementation of Informed Consent based on End User License Agreements (EULA) has many limitations, which are likely to become more critical in future IoT applications, where the collection of personal data can happen in various ways and is not evident to the user. There is the need to define more sophisticated models of Informed Consent for IoT, which address the specific features of IoT, improve on the EULA approach, and protect the flow of personal data from the IoT sensors. In this paper, we propose an agent-based design for Informed Consent in IoT, where access to personal data is regulated through usage control policies, which can be tailored for the specific features of the user and the context. Policies are associated to users, service providers, and smart spaces containing IoT devices in a privacy-friendly way using pseudonyms. The main design concepts are described and applied to a smart city scenario, to evaluate the feasibility of the framework and the related deployment aspects.
Complete repair of dystrophic skeletal muscle by mesoangioblasts with enhanced migration ability (2006)

Efficient delivery of cells to target tissues is a major problem in cell therapy. We report that enhancing delivery of mesoangioblasts leads to a complete reconstitution of downstream skeletal muscles in a mouse model of severe muscular dystrophy (alpha-sarcoglycan ko). Mesoangioblasts, vessel-associated stem cells, were exposed to several cytokines, among which stromal- derived factor (SDF) 1 or tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha were the most potent in enhancing transmigration in vitro and migration into dystrophic muscle in vivo. Transient expression of alpha4 integrins or L-selectin also increased several fold migration both in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, combined pretreatment with SDF-1 or TNF-alpha and expression of alpha4 integrin leads to massive colonization (>50%) followed by reconstitution of >80% of alpha-sarcoglycan-expressing fibers, with a fivefold increase in efficiency in comparison with control cells. This study defines the requirements for efficient engraftment of mesoangioblasts and offers a new potent tool to optimize future cell therapy protocols for muscular dystrophies.
Microstructure and Thermomechanical Fatigue Behavior of Directionally Solidified Ni-Based Superalloys in OP Condition (2018)

Two directionally solidified (DS) Ni-base superalloys, one with the GTD-111 composition and the other with a modified composition derived by numerical simulation, were produced using the Bridgman method. Solution and aging heat treatments were applied to the DS alloys to produce the desired microstructures. Thermomechanical fatigue (TMF) tests were conducted under fully reversed mechanical strain (R = −1) in the temperature range of 538–927°C in laboratory air. The tests were performed under the out-of-phase (OP) loading condition at the mechanical strain range of 0.8–1.5% with multiple specimens tested at each test condition to confirm the trend in fatigue lives. In general, the OP-TMF lives of the DS alloys depended on the applied mechanical strain range as well as the microstructural features of the alloys. By analyzing the fracture surface and longitudinal section of the tested specimens, the TMF lives of the DS alloys tested at mechanical strain ranges lower than 1.5% were found to be primarily affected by the coarse carbides formed in the interdendritic regions. In this study, the main damage mechanism of each alloy under the OP-TMF condition was elucidated in terms of its microstructural features, and recommendations were made to control the microstructures of the DS alloys to achieve enhanced TMF resistance.
All- trans -Retinoic Acid Inhibits Jun N-Terminal Kinase by Increasing Dual-Specificity Phosphatase Activity (1999)

Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) are serine-threonine kinases that play a critical role in the regulation of cell growth and differentiation. We previously observed that JNK activity is suppressed by all-trans-retinoic acid (t-RA), a ligand for retinoic acid nuclear receptors (RARs), in normal human bronchial epithelial cells, which are growth inhibited by t-RA. In this study, we investigated the mechanism by which t-RA inhibits JNK and the possibility that this signaling event is blocked in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Virtually all NSCLC cell lines are resistant to the growth-inhibitory effects of t-RA, and a subset of them have a transcriptional defect specific to retinoid nuclear receptors. We found that in NSCLC cells expressing functional retinoid receptors, serum-induced JNK phosphorylation and activity were inhibited by t-RA in a bimodal pattern, transiently within 30 min and in a sustained fashion beginning at 12 h. Retinoid receptor transcriptional activation was required for the late, but not the early, suppression of JNK activity. t-RA inhibited serum-induced JNK activity by blocking mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase kinase 4-induced signaling events. This effect of t-RA was phosphatase dependent and involved an increase in the expression of the dual-specificity MAP kinase phosphatase 1 (MKP-1). t-RA did not activate MKP-1 expression or inhibit JNK activity in a NSCLC cell line with retinoid receptors that are refractory to ligand-induced transcriptional activation. These findings provide the first evidence that t-RA suppresses JNK activity by inhibiting JNK phosphorylation. Retinoid receptor transcriptional activation was necessary for the sustained inhibition of JNK activity by t-RA, and this signaling event was disrupted in NSCLC cells with retinoid receptors that are refractory to ligand-induced transcriptional activation.
Toll-like receptors, innate immunity and HSV pathogenesis. (2006)

In the last decade, substantial progress has been made in understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in initial host responses to viral infections, and how viral recognition leads to the innate responses that ultimately shape the adaptive immune response. Viruses, including herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2, trigger toll-like receptors (TLRs) that elicit cytokine and chemokine production. In turn, this can create local resistance and modulate T- and B-cell-mediated immunity. TLR activation by HSV-produced molecules (or other synthetic agonists) leads to the remodelling of draining lymph nodes. This enhances the screening of naive T-cells, from which antigen-specific lymphocytes can be selected and expanded. The innate response thereby serves to direct a timely and effective acquired immune response, through the initial TLR recognition of viral pathogen-associated molecular patterns that can limit or possibly exacerbate viral pathogenesis. Recently, these findings have been exploited by strategies that utilize synthetic TLR agonists as prophylactic or therapeutic devices. Such devices prime innate immune responses, enhancing host resistance to viral infections, including experimental HSV infections.
Furan fatty acids efficiently rescue brain cells from cell death induced by oxidative stress (2013)

Treatment of rat brain C6 astroglioma cells with furan fatty acid F6 prior to exposure to hydrogen peroxide shows a strong protective effect of F6 against cell death resulting from oxidative stress. This protective effect is obtained only for F6 administered as a free fatty acid and with an intact furan ring. It is proposed that brain cells are rescued by F6 scavenging radicals elicited by lipid peroxidation within the cell membrane. Oxidative processes outside the cell membrane, such as protein carbonylation, are not affected by F6. Furan fatty acids such as those present in fish oils and marine organisms are likely beneficial for consumption in reducing the risk of diseases that have been implicated to arise from oxidative stress, such as Alzheimer's disease.
Improved generator objectives for GANs (2016)

We present a framework to understand GAN training as alternating density ratio estimation and approximate divergence minimization. This provides an interpretation for the mismatched GAN generator and discriminator objectives often used in practice, and explains the problem of poor sample diversity. We also derive a family of generator objectives that target arbitrary $f$-divergences without minimizing a lower bound, and use them to train generative image models that target either improved sample quality or greater sample diversity.
Compound heterozygous mutations in the IFT140 gene cause Opitz trigonocephaly C syndrome in a patient with typical features of a ciliopathy (2016)

〈 We report on an infant with Opitz trigonocephaly C syndrome (OTCS), who also had manifestations of ciliopathy, including short ribs (non-asphyxiating), trident acetabular roofs, postaxial polydactyly cone-shaped epiphyses, and dysplasia of the renal, hepatic and pancreatic tissues. To investigate the molecular cause, we used an exome sequencing strategy followed by Sanger sequencing. Two rare variants, both predicted to result in loss of functional protein, were identified in the IFT140 gene; a substitution at the splice donor site of exon 24 (c.723 + 1 G > T) and a 17 bp deletion, impacting the first coding exon (c.-11_6del). The variants were confirmed as being biallelic using Sanger sequencing, showing that the splice variant was inherited from the propositus mother and the deletion from the father. To date, Mainzer-Saldino syndrome, Jeune syndrome, and a form of nonsyndromic retinal dystrophy, have been identified as ciliopathies caused by IFT140 mutations. We provide the first description of an OTCS phenotype that appears to result from IFT140 mutations. The presentation of this patient is consistent with previous reports showing that OTCS already exhibited skeleletal and nonskeletal features of a ciliopathy.
Percutaneous extraction of biliary stones: value of endoluminal sonography. (1992)

Percutaneous extraction of biliary stones: value of endoluminal sonography.S V Lossef, B S Garra, K H Barth and R K ZemanAudio Available | Share
New insights into the genetics of primary open-angle glaucoma based on meta-analyses of intraocular pressure and optic disc characteristics. (2016)

Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), the most common optic neuropathy, is a heritable disease. Siblings of POAG cases have a ten-fold increased risk of developing the disease. Intraocular pressure (IOP) and optic nerve head characteristics are used clinically to predict POAG risk. We conducted a genome-wide association meta-analysis of IOP and optic disc parameters and validated our findings in multiple sets of POAG cases and controls. Using imputation to the 1000 genomes (1000G) reference set, we identified 9 new genomic regions associated with vertical cup-disc ratio (VCDR) and 1 new region associated with IOP. Additionally, we found 5 novel loci for optic nerve cup area and 6 for disc area. Previously it was assumed that genetic variation influenced POAG either through IOP or via changes to the optic nerve head; here we present evidence that some genomic regions affect both IOP and the disc parameters. We characterized the effect of the novel loci through pathway analysis and found that pathways involved are not entirely distinct as assumed so far. Further, we identified a novel association between CDKN1A and POAG. Using a zebrafish model we show that six6b (associated with POAG and optic nerve head variation) alters the expression of cdkn1a. In summary, we have identified several novel genes influencing the major clinical risk predictors of POAG and showed that genetic variation in CDKN1A is important in POAG risk.
Tritium isotope effects on carbon-13 NMR chemical shifts (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTritium isotope effects on carbon-13 NMR chemical shiftsCheryl H. Arrowsmith, Lars. Baltzer, A. Jerry. Kresge, Michael F. Powell, and Yui S. TangCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 6, 1356–1357Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00266a071https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00266a071research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views87Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Fundamental Mechanisms of Friction Evolution in Lamellar Solids. (2022)

Abstract not provided.