gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Control for Power Gating of Wires (2009)

In the deep sub-micron domain wires consume more power than transistors. Power Gating for Wires is a form of bus segmentation that alleviates the power loss from on-chip interconnects, by switching off the supply voltage from inactive drivers, cycle by instruction-cycle. The success of Power Gating for Wires depends much on control: the gain from segmentation can conceivably be undone by control costs. Yet during design exploration, the data required for statistical analysis are not available. A theory of efficient control for Power Gating for Wires and a design framework, determining the balance of cost factors, at an early stage, are both needed. In this paper, we formulate a theory of Useful State Analysis to obtain minimal-redundancy encoding of control information. We establish two figures of merit, based on network topology: Intrinsic Sectioning Gain and Useful Encoding Efficiency. They quantify the power loss reduction achievable, and the success of Useful State Analysis in keeping control costs low. We propose a design pattern for the operation of a control plane, wherein the costs of control can be identified. From use cases, we find that architectures can have an Intrinsic Sectioning Gain of 50% and more. Useful Encoding Efficiency is found to be in a range of 44-80% for some common multipath architectures. Although ultimately, the limits of feasibility to control Power Gating for Wires must be decided by means of statistical analysis, we find Useful State Analysis is applicable to networks with tens of terminals, and that our method of control scales well with increasing network size and complexity.
Inhibitors of Acyl-CoA:Cholesterol O-Acyltransferase. Synthesis and Pharmacological Activity of (±)-2-Dodecyl-α-phenyl-N-(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)-2H-tetrazole-5-acetamide and Structurally Related Tetrazole Amide Derivatives (1996)

A series of tetrazole amide derivatives of (+/-)-2-dodecyl-alpha-phenyl-N-(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)-2H-tetrazole-5- acetamide (1) was prepared and evaluated for their ability to inhibit acyl-CoA: cholesterol O-acyltransferase (ACAT) in vitro and to lower plasma total cholesterol in vivo. For this series of compounds, our objective was to systematically replace substituents appended to the amide and tetrazole moieties of 1 with structurally diverse functionalities and assess the effect that these changes have on biological activity. The ensuing structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies identified aryl (7b) and heteroaryl (7f,g) replacements for 2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl that potently inhibit liver microsomal and macrophage ACAT in vitro and exhibit good cholesterol lowering activity (56-66% decreases in plasma total cholesterol at 30 mg/kg), relative to 1, when compared in the acute rat model of hypercholesterolemia. Replacement of the alpha-phenyl moiety with electron-withdrawing substituents (13e-h), however, significantly reduced liver microsomal ACAT inhibitory activity (IC50 > 1 microM). This is in contrast to electron-donating substituents (13ij,m-q), which produce IC50 values ranging from 5 to 75 nM in the hepatic microsomal assay. For selected tetrazole amides (1, 7b, 13n,o), reversing the order of substituents appended to the 2- and 5-positions in the tetrazole ring (36a-d), in general, improved macrophage ACAT inhibitory activity and provided excellent cholesterol-lowering activity (ranging from 65% to 77% decreases in plasma total cholesterol at 30 mg/kg) in the acute rat screen. The most potent isomeric pair in this set of unsubstituted methylene derivatives (13n and 36a) caused adrenocortical cell degeneration in guinea pigs treated with these inhibitors. In contrast, adrenal glands taken from guinea pigs treated with the corresponding alpha-phenyl-substituted analogs (7b and 36c) were essentially unchanged compared to untreated controls. Subsequent evaluation of 7b and 36c in a rabbit bioassay showed that both compounds and/or their metabolities were present in plasma after oral dosing. Unlike 7b and 36c, compound 1 and related 2,4,6-trimethoxyanilides (13j, 30c,d) showed poor oral activity in the rabbit bioassay. Nevertheless, in cholesterol-fed rabbits, both systemically available (7b, 36c) and poorly absorbed inhibitors (1, 36d) were more effective in lowering plasma total cholesterol than the fatty acid amide CI-976.
MMSE filtering for amplify &amp; forward simo multiple access channel with ill-conditioned second hop (2013)

Relaying has been extensively studied during the last decades and has found numerous applications in wireless communications. The simplest relaying method, namely amplify and forward, has shown potential in MIMO multiple access systems, when Gaussian fading channels are assumed for both hops. However, in some cases ill conditioned channels may appear on the second hop. For example, this impairment could affect cooperative BS systems with microwave link backhauling, which involves strong line of sight channels with insufficient scattering. In this paper, we consider a large system analysis of such as system model focusing on the joint MMSE filtering receiver. Analytical methods based on free probability are presented for calculating the MMSE error and average SINR, while the performance degradation of the system throughput due to second hop ill-conditioning is studied.
Effect of Cr on a Ni-Catalyst Supported on Sibunite in Bicyclohexyl Dehydrogenation in Hydrogen Storage Application (2022)

A comparison of the activity of mono- and bimetallic Ni-Cr/C catalysts deposited on a carbon carrier (sibunite) in the bicyclohexyl dehydrogenation reaction as a stage of hydrogen evolution in hydrogen storage systems is carried out. The interaction of Ni and Cr supported onto the carbon carrier—sibunite in bimetallic NiCr systems affects the change in the parameters of the crystal lattice of nickel, compared with the FCC lattice of Ni, as shown by the methods of XPS, TPR, XRD, high-resolution TEM and electron diffraction.
Dynamic Channel Reordering to Reduce Latency During Surfing Periods in IPTV Networks (2013)

In IPTV networks, channel change latency represents a major concern in achieving broadcast-level service quality. Bandwidth limitations at the user side prevents the clients from receiving all the channels at once. As a result, most of the requests have to go through the network leading to significant delays during the channel change process. In this paper, we address this latency problem in IPTV networks by proposing a novel channel reordering technique that exploits the differing key-frame delivery times for the adjacent sessions to dynamically arrange the switching order during the surfing periods. The simulation results show that, compared to static channel ordering techniques, the proposed framework can achieve more than 50% improvement in channel change latency without introducing any significant overhead in the network. The proposed dynamic reordering technique is also shown to be robust against variations observed in channel listings and/or session time-shifts.
ChemInform Abstract: Trimethylsilylcyanation of Aldehydes and Ketones Catalyzed by Diorganotin Dichlorides. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Highly Safe 100-Wh-class Lithium-ion Battery Using Lithium Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide-Tetraethylene Glycol Dimethyl Ether Equimolar Complex-based Quasi-solid-state Electrolyte (2019)

A highly safe 100 Wh-class laminated lithium ion battery (LIB) was developed. For ensuring safety of the LIB, a liquid electrolyte was quasi-solidified at silica surfaces. For the liquid electrolyte, a solvate ionic liquid (SIL), which is an equimolar complex of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide (LiTFSA) and tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether (G4), Li(G4)TFSA, was used. For enhancing discharge-rate capability, Li(G4)TFSA was diluted by propylene carbonate (PC). Then, for enhancing cycle life, vinylene carbonate (VC) and hexafluorophosphate anion (PF6−)-based salt were added for forming an solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) on the graphite negative electrode and an AlF3 at the surface of the aluminum current collector of the positive electrode, respectively. The assembled LIB exhibited initial discharge capacity of 32 Ah and coulombic efficiency of 76%. Regardless of high energy-type, the developed battery exhibited high discharge capacity of 26.2 Ah at 2 C. Its retention ratio of discharge capacity at the 118th cycle is high, i.e., 96%. The developed LIB (with energy density of 363 Wh L−1) generated neither fire nor smoke in a nail-penetration test. These results suggest that the developed LIB has high safety compared to a LIB comprised of a conventional organic liquid electrolyte.
Coma Berenices: first evidence for incomplete vertical phase-mixing in\n local velocity space with RAVE - confirmed with Gaia DR2 (2018)

Before the publication of the Gaia DR2 we confirmed with RAVE and TGAS an\nobservation recently made with the GALAH survey by Quillen ey al. concerning\nthe Coma Berenices moving group in the Solar neighbourhood, namely that it is\nonly present at negative Galactic latitudes. This allowed us to show that it is\ncoherent in vertical velocity, providing a first evidence for incomplete\nvertical phase-mixing. We estimated for the first time from dynamical arguments\nthat the moving group must have formed at most ~ 1.5 Gyr ago, and related this\nto a pericentric passage of the Sagittarius dwarf satellite galaxy. The present\nnote is a rewritten version of the original arXiv post on this result now also\nincluding a confirmation of our finding with Gaia DR2.\n
Quantitative Trait Loci for Seed Protein and Oil Concentration, and Seed Size in Soybean (2005)

Soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is an important crop because of its high oil and protein concentration. However, there is an inverse relationship between seed protein and oil concentration, making it difficult to improve both traits simultaneously. Molecular breeding may be helpful to facilitate a balanced accumulation of desirable alleles. The objective of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) governing soybean protein, oil and seed size. To achieve this objective, 101 F 6 –derived recombinant inbred lines (RIL) from a population developed from a cross of N87‐984‐16 × TN93‐99 were used. Heritability estimates on an entry mean basis for protein and oil concentrations, and seed size were 0.66, 0.54, and 0.71, respectively. A total of 585 simple sequence repeat (SSR) molecular genetic markers were screened and 94 were polymorphic in the RIL. Single factor ANOVA was used to identify candidate QTL, which were then confirmed by composite interval mapping. One novel molecular marker (Satt570) on molecular linkage group (MLG) G associated with a protein QTL was detected. Novel molecular markers (Satt274, Satt420, and Satt479) located on MLG D1b, O, and O respectively and a previously reported marker (Satt317) located on MLG H were associated with oil QTL in this study. Molecular markers Satt002 (MLG D2) and Satt184 (MLG D1a) associated with seed size QTL were verified whereas Satt147 (MLG D1a) was novel. The individual QTL explained 20.2, 9.4‐15, and 10 to 16.5% of the phenotypic variation for protein and oil concentrations, and seed size, respectively. Thus, we identified major loci for improving soybean seed quality.
Metamaterial Antennae: Functionalized Metamaterials Enable Frequency and Polarization Agility in a Miniaturized Lightweight Antenna Package (Adv. Electron. Mater. 2/2016) (2016)

Tunable metamaterials based on interwoven miniaturized unit cells combine with a tunable antenna to form an ultra-low-profile and lightweight antenna system with new multifunctional capabilities in article number 1500295, by Scarborough et al. The new metamaterial antenna provides similar performance to existing commercial antennas, despite being a fraction of the thickness, and provides desirable features for adaptive and cognitive radio systems.
Removal of natural organic matter from water using chemically activated coffee husk (2019)

The presence of natural organic matter (NOM) in source water has posed many challenges for conventional water treatment facilities. Small organic acids, such as humic acid, present in NOM, have a high potential to influence the performance of water treatment processes. Uncontrolled application of agricultural chemicals leads to the simultaneous presence of toxic substances. In this work, batch adsorption experiments were conducted to examine the biosorption of HA onto chemically activated coffee husk. The biosorption process was studied as a function of operating conditions, such as contact time, pH of the solution, HA concentration, adsorbent dose and agitation speed parameters. Experimental results showed that the adsorption has an equilibrium time of 60 min with a maximum adsorption of 93.7%. The optimum pH for maximum HA adsorption was found to be 5.5, with a maximum adsorption of 94.3%. . As the dose of adsorbent increased from 1 to 25 g/L, the concentration of HA was observed to reduce from 10 to 1.67 mg/L which is below the WHO (World Health Organization) guideline value of 2 mg/L. The amount of HA adsorbed increased with increasing the initial adsorbent concentration from 0.5 to 20 mg/L. The adsorption kinetics well fitted the pseudo-second order model with the correlation coefficient R2 = 0.997 and Ks = 0.078. The experimental sorption equilibrium can be represented by the Langmuir isotherm (R2 = 0.998, SSE = 0.006). An average desorption capacity of 87.3% was observed. The study shows that chemically activated coffee husk can be a potential candidate to be used as a biosorbent in the removal of NOM from aqueous solutions.
A novel randomly textured phosphor structure for highly efficient white light-emitting diodes (2012)

We have successfully demonstrated the enhanced luminous flux and lumen efficiency in white light-emitting diodes by the randomly textured phosphor structure. The textured phosphor structure was fabricated by a simple imprinting technique, which does not need an expensive dry-etching machine or a complex patterned definition. The textured phosphor structure increases luminous flux by 5.4% and 2.5% at a driving current of 120 mA, compared with the flat phosphor and half-spherical lens structures, respectively. The increment was due to the scattering of textured surface and also the phosphor particles, leading to the enhancement of utilization efficiency of blue light. Furthermore, the textured phosphor structure has a larger view angle at the full width at half maximum (87°) than the reference LEDs.
Transient plastic phase processing of titanium carbide-titanium boride composites: Reaction paths and microstructural evolution (1994)

Transient Plastic Phase Processing (TPPP) is a technique capable of in-situ manufacturing complex shaped, fully dense, ultra-refractory ceramic-ceramic composites at temperatures that are significantly lower than their melting point (T < 0.65 T{sub m}). TPPP involves two steps: (1) plastic forming of a two phase particulate mixture, comprising a transient plastic phase (TPP) and a reactant phase (RP), at a relatively low temperature in a soft condition resulting in densification of the powder mix with no change in the composition of the constituents, followed by (2) reaction synthesis at a higher temperature in which the RP reacts with the TPP and shifts its stoichiometry to a harder, more refractory composition. A detailed experimental study was performed on TI-B-C system to elucidate the effects of starting composition and processing conditions on the final composition, residual porosity, and mechanical properties of the produced ceramic-ceramic composites. The study led to an in-depth understanding of the factors influencing the reaction paths, formation of platelet reinforcements, and evolution of microstructure in this system.
Temperature-dependent diffusing acoustic wave spectroscopy with resonant scatterers (2008)

The influence of a slight temperature change on the correlation of multiply scattered acoustic waves is studied, and experimental results are discussed. The technique presented here, similar to diffusing-acoustic-wave spectroscopy, is based on the sensitivity of a multiply scattering medium to a slight change. Ultrasonic waves around 3 MHz are transmitted through a sample made of steel rods in water and recorded by an array of transducers at different temperatures. The cross correlations between highly scattered signals are computed. The main effect of the temperature change is a simple dilation of the times of arrival, due to a change of the sound velocity in water. But the scatterers also play a role in the progressive decorrelation of wave forms. An analysis resolved in both time and frequency shows that at some particular frequencies, the resonant behavior of the scatterers is responsible for a significantly larger decorrelation. Interestingly, the experimental results allow one to detect the presence of a small resonance that was not detected earlier on the same scatterers with classical measurement of the scattering mean free path. A simple model is proposed to interpret the experimental results.
Situated Conversational Interaction (Invited Talk) (2013)

Robust conversational systems have the potential to revolutionize our interactions with computers. Building on decades of academic and industrial research, we now talk to our computers, phones, and entertainment systems on a daily basis. However, current technology typically limits conversational interactions to a few narrow domains/topics (e.g., weather, traffic, restaurants). Users increasingly want the ability to converse with their devices over broad web-scale content. Finding something on your PC or the web should be as simple as having a conversation. A promising approach to address this problem is situated conversational interaction. The approach leverages the situation and/or context of the conversation to improve system accuracy and effectiveness. Sources of context include visual content being displayed to the user, geo-location, prior interactions, multi-modal interactions (e.g., gesture, eye gaze), and the conversation itself. For example, while a user is reading a news article on their tablet PC, they initiate a conversation to dig deeper on a particular topic. Or a user is reading a map and wants to learn more about the history of events at mile marker 121. Or a gamer wants to interact with a game’s characters to find the next clue in their quest. All of these interactions are situated – rich context is available to the system as a source of priors/constraints on what the user is likely to say. This presentation will discuss research progress in open domain situated conversational interactions, and suggest future directions for the research community.
Solid-State Synthesis of Highly Dispersed Nitrogen-Coordinated Single Iron Atom Electrocatalysts for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (2021)

Fe-N-C with atomically dispersed Fe single atoms is the most promising candidate to replace platinum for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in fuel cells. However, the conventional synthesis procedures require quantities solvents and metal precursors, sluggish adsorption process, and tedious washing, resulting in limited metal doping and uneconomical for large-scale production. For the first time, Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> is adopted as the Fe precursor to derive abundant single Fe atoms dispersed on carbon surfaces. The Fe-N-C catalyst synthesized by this simple method shows an excellent ORR activity with half-wave potentials of 0.82 and 0.90 V in acidic and alkaline solutions, respectively. A single fuel cell with an optimized Fe-N-C cathode shows a high peak power density of 0.84 W cm<sup>-2</sup>. The solid-state transformation synthesis method developed in this study may shed light on mass production of single-atom-based catalysts.
Evaluation of the attenuation properties of MR equipment for its use in a whole-body PET/MR scanner (2010)

The combination of magnetic resonance imaging (MR) and positron emission tomography (PET) scanners can provide a powerful tool for clinical diagnosis and investigation. Among the challenges of developing a combined scanner, obtaining attenuation maps for PET reconstruction is of critical importance. This requires accounting for the presence of MR hardware in the field of view. The attenuation introduced by this hardware cannot be obtained from MR data. We propose the creation of attenuation models of MR hardware, to be registered into the MR-based attenuation map prior to PET reconstruction. Two steps were followed to assess the viability of this method. First, transmission and emission measurements were performed on MR components (RF coils and medical probes). The severity of the artifacts in the reconstructed PET images was evaluated. Secondly, a high-exposure computed tomography (CT) scan was used to obtain a model of a head coil. This model was registered into the attenuation map of PET/CT scans of a uniform phantom fitted with the coil. The resulting PET images were compared to the PET/CT reconstruction in the absence of coils. The artifacts introduced by misregistration of the model were studied. The transmission scans revealed 17% count loss due to the presence of head and neck coils in the field of view. Important sources of attenuation were found in the lock, signal cables and connectors. However, the worst source of attenuation was the casing between both coils. None of the measured medical probes introduced a significant amount of attenuation. Concerning the attenuation model of the head coil, reconstructed PET images with model-based correction were comparable to the reference PET/CT reconstruction. However, inaccuracies greater than 1-2 mm in the axial positioning of the model led to important artifacts. In conclusion, the results show that model-based attenuation correction is possible. Using a high-exposure scan to create an attenuation model of the coils has been proved feasible. However, adequate registration of the model is mandatory.
Electrochemical Preconcentration Mechanism of Trivalent Lanthanum (2018)

The goals of this work were 1) to demonstrate lanthanum preconcentration/deposition on electrodes, 2) to elucidate the mechanism of deposition, and 3) to use electrodeposition to detect lanthanum on carbon fiber microelectrodes. Lanthanum was preconcentrated via electroprecipitation on carbon electrodes using unbuffered electrolyte. To measure the amount of La deposited on the surface, we used eQCM to observe the mass change (quantified as frequency change) while La precipitated on the surface of the electrode. The chemical state of the deposited film was determined using X-ray photoelectron spectrometry and Auger electron spectrometry. We used a pH microelectrode with a tip diameter of less than 20 μm near the electrode surface to determine surface pH changes. We found that lanthanum preconcentration on electrodes is a result of pH changes at the electrode surface due to water electrolysis. La(OH)3 was determined to be the predominant state of the film, with La and O atoms colocalized in the precipitates. Based on this discovery, the current responses to lanthanum electroprecipitation on carbon fiber microelectrodes and a mercury-filmed carbon fiber microelectrode were compared. We found that both microelectrode responses were concentration-dependent.