gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Large-Scale Grid-Based Monte Carlo Applications (2003)

Monte Carlo applications are widely perceived as computationally intensive but naturally parallel. Therefore, they can be effectively executed on the Grid using the dynamic bag-of-work model. In this paper we concentrate on analyzing the characteristics of large-scale Monte Carlo computation for Grid computing. Based on these analyses, we improve the efficiency of the subtask-scheduling scheme by implementing and analyzing the “N-out-of-M” strategy, and we develop a Monte-Carlo-specific lightweight checkpoint technique, which leads to a performance improvement for Monte Carlo Grid computing. Also, we enhance the trustworthiness of Monte Carlo Grid-computing applications by utilizing the statistical nature of Monte Carlo and by cryptographically validating intermediate results utilizing the random number generator already in use in the Monte Carlo application. All these techniques lead to a high-performance Grid-computing infrastructure that is capable of providing trustworthy Monte Carlo computation services.
Engineering microbial consortia by division of labor (2019)

During microbial applications, metabolic burdens can lead to a significant drop in cell performance. Novel synthetic biology tools or multi-step bioprocessing (e.g., fermentation followed by chemical conversions) are therefore needed to avoid compromised biochemical productivity from over-burdened cells. A possible solution to address metabolic burden is Division of Labor (DoL) via natural and synthetic microbial consortia. In particular, consolidated bioprocesses and metabolic cooperation for detoxification or cross feeding (e.g., vitamin C fermentation) have shown numerous successes in industrial level applications. However, distributing a metabolic pathway among proper hosts remains an engineering conundrum due to several challenges: complex subpopulation dynamics/interactions with a short time-window for stable production, suboptimal cultivation of microbial communities, proliferation of cheaters or low-producers, intermediate metabolite dilution, transport barriers between species, and breaks in metabolite channeling through biosynthesis pathways. To develop stable consortia, optimization of strain inoculations, nutritional divergence and crossing feeding, evolution of mutualistic growth, cell immobilization, and biosensors may potentially be used to control cell populations. Another opportunity is direct integration of non-bioprocesses (e.g., microbial electrosynthesis) to power cell metabolism and improve carbon efficiency. Additionally, metabolic modeling and <sup>13</sup>C-metabolic flux analysis of mixed culture metabolism and cross-feeding offers a computational approach to complement experimental research for improved consortia performance.
Energy-based hysteresis model for magnetostrictive transducers (2000)

This paper addresses the modeling of hysteresis in magnetostrictive transducers in the context of control applications that require an accurate characterization of the relation between input currents and strains output by the transducer. This relation typically exhibits significant nonlinearities and hysteresis because of inherent properties of magnetostrictive materials. The characterization considered here is based on the Jiles-Atherton mean field model for ferromagnetic hysteresis in combination with a quadratic moment rotation model for magnetostriction. As demonstrated by comparison with experimental data, the magnetization model very adequately quantifies both major and minor loops under various operating conditions. The combined model can then be used to accurately characterize output strains at moderate drive levels. The advantages of this model lie in the small number (six) of required parameters and its flexibility under a variety of operating conditions.
Application of Wiener Deconvolution Model in P300 Spelling Paradigm (2009)

Spelling Paradigm first introduced by Farwell and Donchin, is one of the Brain Computer Interface (BCI) applications that enables paralyzed people to communicate with their environment. In such a problem, user needs to focus on the characters which are randomly flashed row or column-wise on the computer screen in a small period of time. The accuracy in spelling words is the main problem in this scheme and the duration of the correct prediction is quite important. The purpose of this work is twofold: to analyze a user specific response to a spelling paradigm system considering the optimal frequency bands for P300 detection, and secondly to investigate the classification performance for the perception of row and columnwise flashings in the spelling system. The preprocessing is performed with Wiener Deconvolution Model (WDM) and optimal filters for user specific system is constructed. The proposed algorithm is applied to dataset IIb of BCI competition 2003 and the words for training and testing sets are predicted with 100% accuracy after first 4 trials, as compared to other winning algorithms (100% accuracy in 5 repetitions) of the competition. Furthermore, our classification results show that perception to row and column flashings may differ considerably.
Compressed Sensing Algorithms and Applications (2012)

The theoretical problem of finding the solution to an underdeterminedset of linear equations has for several years attracted considerable attentionin the literature. This problem has many practical applications.One example of such an application is compressed sensing (cs), whichhas the potential to revolutionize how we acquire and process signals. Ina general cs setup, few measurement coefficients are available and thetask is to reconstruct a larger, sparse signal.In this thesis we focus on algorithm design and selected applicationsfor cs. The contributions of the thesis appear in the following order:(1) We study an application where cs can be used to relax the necessityof fast sampling for power spectral density estimation problems. Inthis application we show by experimental evaluation that we can gainan order of magnitude in reduced sampling frequency. (2) In order toimprove cs recovery performance, we extend simple well-known recoveryalgorithms by introducing a look-ahead concept. From simulations it isobserved that the additional complexity results in significant improvementsin recovery performance. (3) For sensor networks, we extend thecurrent framework of cs by introducing a new general network modelwhich is suitable for modeling several cs sensor nodes with correlatedmeasurements. Using this signal model we then develop several centralizedand distributed cs recovery algorithms. We find that both thecentralized and distributed algorithms achieve a significant gain in recoveryperformance compared to the standard, disconnected, algorithms.For the distributed case, we also see that as the network connectivity increases,the performance rapidly converges to the performance of thecentralized solution.
Direct Drive Hands: Force-Motion Transparency in Gripper Design (2019)

The Direct Drive Hand (DDHand) project is exploring an alternative design philosophy for grippers. The conventional approach is to prioritize clamping force, leading to high gear ratios, slow motion, and poor transmission of force/motion signals.
Provisioning Low Latency, Resilient Mobile Edge Clouds for 5G (2017)

Network virtualization and SDN-based routing allow carriers to flexibly configure their networks in response to demand and unexpected network disruptions. However, cellular networks, by nature, pose some unique challenges because of user mobility and control/data plane partitioning, which calls for new architectures and provisioning paradigms. In this paper, we address the latter part by devising algorithms that can provision the data plane to create a distributed Mobile Edge Cloud (MEC), which provides opportunities for lower latencies and increased resilience (through placement of network functions at more distributed datacenter locations) and accounts for service disruption that could be incurred because of user mobility between the service areas of different datacenters. Through evaluations with topology and traffic data from a major carriers's network, we show that, compared to static, centralized networks, careful virtualized provisioning can yield significant savings in network costs while still minimizing service disruption due to mobility. We demonstrate that up to a 75% reduction in redundant datacenter capacity over the operator's current topology (while achieving the same level of resilience) is possible by distributing load over many mobile cloud datacenters.
Semiconductor plasmonic nanodisk laser: simulation and design (2013)

An effective simulation and design platform is presented in this paper for semiconductor plasmonic nanodisk laser. The three-dimensional laser structure is modeled and simulated with a body-of-revolution finite-difference-timedomain (BOR-FDTD) combined with the multi-level gain medium model and the Drude-Lorentz metal model, which gives a comprehensive spatial and temporal electromagnetic simulation of the nano-cavity and its lasing performance above the threshold. A semiconductor plasmonic nano-disk laser embedded in silver film is designed and the spatial and temporal lasing performance is numerically demonstrated. The physical volume of the nanodisk laser is only 1.17 (&lambda;/2n)<sup>3</sup> (a diameter of 200 nm and a height of 300 nm) and it has lasing wavelength at 1400 nm with a pumping threshold of 0.4 &mu;W.
[Sarcopenia: what's new in 2014]. (2014)

The term "sarcopenia" was first introduced in 1989 by Irwin Rosenberg to define a progressive and generalized loss of muscle mass and muscle strength with advancing age. Above certain thresholds, that loss of muscle mass and muscle strength is considered abnormal. Despite the progress of scientific knowledge, a universally accepted definition of sarcopenia is still lacking to date. Therefore, it is a real challenge to establish the prevalence of sarcopenia because the results highly depend on the definition used for its diagnosis. This geriatric syndrome represents a public health issue with multiple clinical consequences. Loss of autonomy and quality of life, altered functional status, increase of fatigue, falls and a higher mortality rate are well-known consequences of sarcopenia. Although many pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapeutical strategies seem to have a positive impact on muscle strength and muscle mass, very few studies have yet assessed the effects of those treatments on sarcopenia itself. Therefore, developing high-quality interventional studies, in this field, seem necessary.
Measurement of the ZZ production cross section and search for anomalous couplings in 2ℓ2ℓ′ final states in pp collisions at $ \sqrt{s}=7 $ TeV (2013)

A bstract A measurement is presented of the ZZ production cross section in the ZZ → 2ℓ2ℓ′ decay mode with ℓ = e , μ and ℓ ′ = e , μ, τ in proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt{s}=7 $ TeV with the CMS experiment at the LHC. Results are based on data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5 . 0 fb −1 . The measured cross section $ \sigma \left( {\mathrm{pp}\to \mathrm{ZZ}} \right)=6.24_{-0.80}^{+0.86}\left( {\mathrm{stat}.} \right)_{-0.32}^{+0.41}\left( {\mathrm{syst}.} \right)\pm 0.14\left( {\mathrm{lumi}.} \right)\mathrm{pb} $ is consistent with the standard model predictions. The following limits on ZZZ and ZZγ anomalous trilinear gauge couplings are set at 95% confidence level: $ -0.011&lt;f_4^{\mathrm{Z}}&lt;0.012,-0.012&lt;f_5^{\mathrm{Z}}&lt;0.012,-0.013&lt;f_4^{\upgamma}&lt;0.015 $ , and $ -0.014&lt;f_5^{\upgamma}&lt;0.014 $ .
ChemInform Abstract: 3,3′‐Dinitro‐octahydrobinaphthol: A New Chiral Ligand for Metal‐ Catalyzed Enantioselective Reactions. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
1H, 13C, 15N NMR and IR Spectroscopic Studies of a Rh(II) Complex of Thiourea (2003)

Abstract A rhodium(II) complex of thiourea (Tu), Rh2(OAc)4Tu2, has been prepared from Rh2(OAc)4(H2O)2 and characterized. A shift of the ν(N−H) vibration towards higher frequencies in the IR spectrum is consistent with sulfur coordination to rhodium(II). 13C NMR spectra recorded in DMSO-d 6 reveal that thiourea is replaced by DMSO-d 6 solvent, followed by replacement of acetate ions by free thiourea. 15N NMR indicates some nitrogen involvement in coordination to form an S−N chelate. Keywords: Rhodium acetateThioureaNMRIRExchange phenomena Acknowledgements We thank the Chemistry Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, for providing all necessary facilities. We also thank Prof M.S. Hussain for helpful discussions. Notes aThis study; bValues taken from Ref. [Citation10]
Plasma deposition of catalytic thin films : experiments, modeling and applications. (2010)

International audience
Development and Preclinical Validation of a Cysteine Knottin Peptide Targeting Integrin αvβ6 for Near-infrared Fluorescent-guided Surgery in Pancreatic Cancer (2018)

<b>Purpose:</b> Intraoperative near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging could help stratification for the proper primary treatment for patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), and achieve complete resection, as it allows visualization of cancer in real time. Integrin αvβ6, a target specific for PDAC, is present in >90% of patients, and is able to differentiate between pancreatitis and PDAC. A clinically translatable αvβ6-targeting NIRF agent was developed, based on a previously developed cysteine knottin peptide for PET imaging, R01-MG, and validated in preclinical mouse models.<b>Experimental Design:</b> The applicability of the agent was tested for cell and tissue binding characteristics using cell-based plate assays, subcutaneous, and orthotopic pancreatic models, and a transgenic mouse model of PDAC development (Pdx1-Cre<sup>tg/+</sup>;KRas<sup>LSL G12D/+</sup>;Ink4a/Arf<sup>-/-</sup>). IRDye800CW was conjugated to R01-MG in a 1:1 ratio. R01-MG-IRDye800, was compared with a control peptide and IRDye800 alone.<b>Results:</b> In subcutaneous tumor models, a significantly higher tumor-to-background ratio (TBR) was seen in BxPC-3 tumors (2.5 ± 0.1) compared with MiaPaCa-2 (1.2 ± 0.1; <i>P</i> < 0.001), and to the control peptide (1.6 ± 0.4; <i>P</i> < 0.005). In an orthotopic tumor model, tumor-specific uptake of R01-MG-IRDye800 was shown compared with IRDye800 alone (TBR 2.7 vs. 0.86). The fluorescent signal in tumors of transgenic mice was significantly higher, TBR of 3.6 ± 0.94, compared with the normal pancreas of wild-type controls, TBR of 1.0 ± 0.17 (<i>P</i> < 0.001).<b>Conclusions:</b> R01-MG-IRDye800 shows specific targeting to αvβ6, and holds promise as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool to recognize PDAC for fluorescence-guided surgery. This agent can help improve the stratification of patients for a potentially curative, margin-negative resection. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 24(7); 1667-76. ©2018 AACR</i>.
Foreword (2014)

Presents the introductory welcome message from the conference proceedings. May include the conference officers' congratulations to all involved with the conference event and publication of the proceedings record.
Bistability in oxidative stress response determines the migration behavior of phytoplankton in turbulence (2020)

Abstract Turbulence is an important determinant of phytoplankton physiology, often leading to cell stress and damage. Turbulence affects phytoplankton migration, both by transporting cells and by triggering switches in migratory behavior, whereby vertically migrating cells can invert their direction of migration upon exposure to turbulent cues. However, a mechanistic link between single-cell physiology and vertical migration of phytoplankton in turbulence is currently missing. Here, by combining physiological and behavioral experiments with a mathematical model of stress accumulation and dissipation, we show that the mechanism responsible for the switch in the direction of migration in the marine raphidophyte Heterosigma akashiwo is the integration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling generated by turbulent cues. Within timescales as short as tens of seconds, the emergent downward-migrating subpopulation exhibited a two-fold increase of ROS, an indicator of stress, 15% lower photosynthetic efficiency, and 35% lower growth rate over multiple generations compared to the upward-migrating subpopulation. The origin of the behavioral split in a bistable oxidative stress response is corroborated by the observation that exposure of cells to exogenous stressors (H 2 O 2 , UV-A radiation or high irradiance), in lieu of turbulence, caused comparable ROS accumulation and an equivalent split into the two subpopulations. By providing a mechanistic link between single-cell physiology, population-scale migration and fitness, these results contribute to our understanding of phytoplankton community composition in future ocean conditions. Significance Statement Turbulence has long been known to drive phytoplankton fitness and species succession: motile species dominate in calmer environments and non-motile species in turbulent conditions. Yet, a mechanistic understanding of the effect of turbulence on phytoplankton migratory behavior and physiology is lacking. By combining a method to generate turbulent cues, quantification of stress accumulation and physiology, and a mathematical model of stress dynamics, we show that motile phytoplankton use their mechanical stability to sense the intensity of turbulent cues and integrate these cues in time via stress signaling to trigger switches in migratory behavior. The stress-mediated warning strategy we discovered provides a paradigm for how phytoplankton cope with turbulence, thereby potentially governing which species will be successful in a changing ocean.
Ordering of Silicate Layers by Hydrogen-Bonding Networks:  Solid State NMR Investigation of the Perfect Three-Dimensional Registration in the Layer Silicate RUB-18 (1999)

Solid state 1H and 29Si NMR spectroscopies were applied to the layer silicate RUB-18 in order to investigate the hydrogen bonding network providing the three-dimensional ordering of the silicate layers. Two 1H NMR signals corresponding to water molecules and strongly hydrogen-bonded silanol groups were resolved, the relative intensities of which are in good agreement with the recently proposed structure. By means of two-dimensional heteronuclear correlation NMR, the protons in hydroxyl groups are clearly identified as the source of polarization transfer to the 29Si nuclei of the silicate layer. The dynamics of the exchange process between the protons in hydroxyl groups and those in the water molecules were investigated by two-dimensional 1H exchange spectroscopy, giving insight into the nature of the exchange processchemical exchange or spin diffusion. In addition, the ratio of exchanging protons of the two species has been found to differ from the stoichiometric ratio. 29Si cross-polarization/magic angle spinning (CP MAS) NMR spectra taken at temperatures down to 140 K lead to enhanced resolution in the spectral region of Q4 silicons, whereas the signal from Q3 silicons remains unaffected. The potential applicability of solid-state NMR methods for measuring internuclear distances in this material is discussed.
Express: Lowering the Cost of Metadata-hiding Communication with Cryptographic Privacy (2019)

Existing systems for metadata-hiding messaging that provide cryptographic privacy properties have either high communication costs, high computation costs, or both. In this paper, we introduce Express, a metadata-hiding communication system that significantly reduces both communication and computation costs. Express is a two-server system that provides cryptographic security against an arbitrary number of malicious clients and one malicious server. In terms of communication, Express only incurs a constant-factor overhead per message sent regardless of the number of users, whereas previous cryptographically-secure systems Pung and Riposte had communication costs proportional to roughly the square root of the number of users. In terms of computation, Express only uses symmetric key cryptographic primitives and makes both practical and asymptotic improvements on protocols employed by prior work. These improvements enable Express to increase message throughput, reduce latency, and consume over 100x less bandwidth than Pung and Riposte, dropping the end to end cost of running a realistic whistleblowing application by 6x.
New strategies for the microencapsulation of tetanus vaccine (1998)

The progress toward the development of a single dose tetanus vaccine has been limited by the poor stability of the protein antigen, tetanus toxoid (TT), during its encapsulation in, and release from, biodegradable polymer microspheres. To investigate alternative microencapsulation approaches that may improve the stability of TT under these conditions, a two-step microencapsulation method has been devised to form microcapsules which consist of: (a) forming microcores of TT in a hydrophilic support matrix by spray-congealing, followed by (b) coating the microcores with poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) by an oil-in-oil solvent extraction method. Several protein stabilizers including gelatin (with or without poloxamer 188), dextran, sodium glutamate, and polyethylene glycol were examined as potential core-materials. Among them, gelatin was superior in its ability to impart stability to TT against heat and moisture-induced inactivation. Microcores of this latter stabilizer and TT were encapsulated in PLGA using the foregoing technique, which exposed the dry antigen to minimal water in order to prevent its irreversible inactivation during exposure to the organic solvent. The microencapsulation method resulted in minimal loss of antigenically active TT (approximately 10-20%). Microscopic analysis of the microcapsules following preparation showed the microcores to be fully encapsulated. However, microcapsules containing TT and gelatin released the active antigen nearly completely within one day. Fluorescence confocal microscopy revealed that the swelling of the hydrophilic core-material was responsible for the burst-release behaviour. Manipulation of the polymer coating could not slow down this 'explosion' of the microcapsules. TT-containing PLGA microcapsules have been prepared using a novel microencapsulation method, which retains an extremely high fraction of antigenically active TT. Hence, these mechanistic approaches may be useful in the development of effective single-dose vaccines.
Next-generation geospatial-temporal information technologies for disaster management (2020)

Traditional geographic information systems (GIS) have been disrupted by the emergence of Big Data in the form of geo-coded raster, vector, and time-series Internet-of-Things data. This article discusses the application of new scalable technologies that go far beyond relational databases and file-based storage on spinning disk or tape to incorporate both storage and processing data in the same platform. The roles of the Apache Hadoop Distributed File Systems and NoSQL key-value stores such as the Apache Hbase are discussed, along with indexing schemes that optimally support geospatial-temporal use. We highlight how this new approach can rapidly search multiple GIS data layers to obtain insights in the context of early warning, impact evaluation, response, and recovery to earthquake and wildfire disasters.