gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evidence of serious graft damage induced by de novo hepatitis B virus infection after liver transplantation (2001)

De novo hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is commonly believed to be a relatively benign condition, in contrast to post-OLT infection recurrence, considered a very aggressive complication. We reviewed the charts of 569 non-HBV-related OLTs performed at our institution and identified 19 patients (3%) with de novo HBV infection (appearance of hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg] after OLT). After a median follow-up of 25 months beyond the detection of HBsAg, 12 patients (63%) had developed serious HBV-related graft damage (cirrhosis in 6 patients, bridging chronic hepatitis in 4 patients, and fulminant hepatitis in 2 patients); 7 patients (37%) had lost their grafts; and 4 patients (21%) had died. All graft losses and deaths were related to de novo HBV infection. Similar rates of severe graft damage (62%), graft loss (38%), and death (33%) related to HBV infection were found in a concomitant series of 21 patients with recurrent HBV infection after OLT. Responses to antiviral therapy (interferon or lamivudine) were also similar in the 2 groups of patients. In 12 patients with de novo HBV infection, evidence of past HBV infection (positive serum antibody to hepatitis B core antigen and/or serum or liver tissue HBV DNA) were detected in the donor (7 patients) or recipient (5 patients). No differences were observed in the clinical course after stratification according to the attributed origin of de novo HBV infection. We conclude that de novo HBV infection after OLT is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality, similar to those described for post-OLT HBV infection recurrence.
Investigations on the Catalytic Activity of the First Silver Copper Oxide: Ag2Cu2O3 (2001)

Copper-based catalysts are of comparable importance for industrial reactions, e.g., partial oxidation reactions, as silver catalysts.Ag2Cu2O3 is known as the first silver cuprate, synthesized at comfortable conditions.The studies were based on the presumption that this compound possibly combines the catalytic activity of both metals.A broad study was made of the catalytic activity of silver cuprate in model redox reactions, e.g., oxidative coupling of methane, deNOx, and dehydrogenation of ethane with thermoanalytic techniques (TG/TDA), temperature-programmed oxidation and reduction (TPO/TPR), and thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS) together with photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), tunneling electron microscopy (TEM), and XRD were also used to characterize the catalyst.
Supplementary Materials from Validation of the 12-gene Predictive Signature for Adjuvant Chemotherapy Response in Lung Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table S1. Summary of Tables and Figures. Supplementary Table S2. Propensity score-matched coefficients for each variable using logistic regression. Supplementary Table S3. Propensity score matching results. In Supplementary Table 4. The numbers of patients with and without ACT by stage after propensity score matching in ADC and SCC patient groups. Supplementary Table S5. The dynamic range and correlation between expression levels measured in 30 pairs of FFPE and frozen samples of each gene measured by the nCounter gene expression assay. Supplementary Table S6. Multivariate analysis for validating the prognostic performance of the 12-gene signature measured from FFPE samples after adjusting for other patient characteristics in the 147 stage I ADC patients without ACT. Supplementary Figure S1. Determining the cutoff value of pre-defined risk scores for predicted high-risk and low-risk groups using the assay development cohort. Supplementary Figure S2. (C) Time-dependent ROC curves in (A) ADC patients and (B) stage I ADC patients. Supplementary Figure S3. The ROC curve for the predictive analysis.&lt;/p&gt;
Hypercoordinate two-dimensional transition-metal borides for spintronics and catalyst applications (2021)

Hypercoordinate 2D planar MnB<sub>9</sub> and TiB<sub>9</sub>, respectively, show excellent spintronic performance and catalytic activity.
Autoimmune inner ear disorders (2001)

There is considerable evidence to suggest that hearing and vestibular function can be influenced by autoimmune processes. A number of systemic autoimmune disorders include hearing loss and vertigo as part of their constellation of symptoms. Although classic evidence for a specific autoimmune etiology mediated by immune response directed solely at the inner ear is elusive, it appears that autoimmune damage can also exist as an entity confined to the labyrinth. Antigenic targets of autoimmunity within the labyrinth seem to be diverse. Partly because of this, the condition is difficult to diagnose. However, autoimmune disorders of the inner ear are of special interest since they are among the few forms of hearing loss that are amenable to medical treatment. Recent progress in understanding the etiology, diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune damage to the inner ear is reviewed.
Effects of a Combination of Lysolecithin, Synthetic Emulsifier, and Monoglycerides on Growth Performance, Intestinal Morphology, and Selected Carcass Traits in Broilers Fed Low-Energy Diets (2021)

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of supplementing a combination of lysolecithin, synthetic emulsifier, and monoglycerides (LEX) on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and selected carcass traits in broilers fed low-energy diets without added oil. Three hundred one-day-old Arbor Acres (AA) broilers (40.3 ± 3.3 g) were assigned to two dietary treatments with six replicates of 25 birds each and were fed a control low-energy diet without added oil supplemented with 0 and 250 g/t of LEX for 30 days. Growth performance was measured and recorded throughout the study. At slaughter, 60 birds per treatment were used to assess the effect of LEX on the carcass traits. Final average body weight and feed conversion ratio were improved (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in LEX treated birds compared to control. LEX supplementation was linked to higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) carcass weight and yield and to lower (<i>p</i> < 0.05) abdominal fat and liver weight. Moisture content was higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in ground deboned broilers from LEX treatment. Villus height was increased (<i>p <</i> 0.05), and crypt depth reduced (<i>p <</i> 0.05) in the jejunum of birds treated with LEX. This study demonstrates that supplementation of LEX to a low-energy diet without added oil improved performance, carcass weight and yield, reduced abdominal fat deposition, and improved intestinal morphology in broiler chickens.
Fractal microsttrip patch antennas with fractal perimeter and self-affine properties (2001)

La necesidad de satisfacer las futuras demandas impuestas por los sistemas de comunicacion sin hilos implica que la tecnologia en el campo de las antenas tenga que evolucionar, ya que es muy dificil aportar una solucion con la tecnologia clasica de antenas. 
El propio de esta tesis es introducir una nueva tecnologia en el diseno de las antenas microstrip, que permita aportar soluciones a la hora de disenar antenas multibanda, antenas de tamano reducido y antenas de elevada directividad para los sistemas de comunicacion sin hilos presentes y futuros. 
Dicha tecnologia consiste en emplear la geometria fractal para disenar antenas microstrip multibanda, miniatura y de elevada directividad. 
En referencia al comportamiento multibanda, se han estudiado antenas microstrip en las que su geometria esta definida por el fractal del triangulo de sierpinski (parche de Sierpinski) y la alformbra de Sierpinski (parche de la Alfombra de Sierpinski). 
Otra de las propiedades que presentan la antenas fractales microstrip es que su frecuencia de resonancia es menor que la frecuencia de resonancia correspondiente a su version Euclidea. La reduccion de frecuencia se ha estudiado para los fractales de superficie. 
Esta tesis tambien expone que la geometria fractal es muy valiosa de cara al diseno de antenas microstrip con elevada directividad. Esta propiedad es consecuencia del efecto de localizacion que presentan los resonadores fractales con condiciones de contorno tipo Neumann. El efecto de localizacion se ha estudiado en los fractales de masa y superficie.
A New 4T0.5C AMOLED Pixel Circuit With Reverse Bias to Alleviate OLED Degradation (2012)

A new 4T0.5C circuit is proposed to achieve a high-resolution active-matrix organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display with the capability of alleviating OLED degradation, while the panel nonuniformity is compensated by an already-proposed system. The designed circuit is built on two adjacent pixels with eight transistors and one capacitor, thus equivalently as a 4T0.5C pixel circuit in occupied layout area. In this circuit, a single storage capacitor is shared by the two adjacent pixels to minimize the entire layout area. The minimized pixel size is compatible to a conventional 2T1C pixel circuit. Along with this 4T0.5C circuit, a new alternative drive scheme is developed to address the panel. The scheme offers the function of automatic reverse biasing on OLEDs to alleviate degradation. The designed circuit is fabricated, and the performance of OLED degradation is successfully validated.
Effect of a Polymer Ligand on Oxidation of Thiophenol Catalyzed by Cobaloximes (1977)

Abstract The oxidation mechanism of thiophenol catalyzed by cobaloximes was deduced by spectroscopic measurement of the oxidation rate at various concentrations of the reactants, the reaction being a Michaelis-Menten type reaction. Addition of polymer ligands such as poly(4-vinylpyridine) and 4-vinylpyridine-styrene copolymer, stabilizing the intermediate similar to a Michaelis complex, resulted in an increase in the oxidation rate under low substrate concentration.
Esrrg functions in early branch generation of the ureteric bud and is essential for normal development of the renal papilla (2010)

Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUTs) are common disorders of human development affecting the renal parechyma, renal pelvis, ureter, bladder and urethra; they show evidence of shared genetic aetiology, although the molecular basis of this remains unknown in the majority of cases. Breakpoint mapping of a de novo, apparently balanced, reciprocal translocation associated with bilateral renal agenesis has implicated the gene encoding the nuclear steroid hormone receptor ESRRG as a candidate gene for CAKUT. Here we show that the Esrrg protein is detected throughout early ureteric ducts as cytoplasmic/sub-membranous staining; with nuclear localization seen in developing nephrons. In 14.5-16.5 dpc (days post-conception) mouse embryos, Esrrg localizes to the subset of ductal tissue within the kidney, liver and lung. The renal ductal expression becomes localized to renal papilla by 18.5 dpc. Perturbation of function was performed in embryonic mouse kidney culture using pooled siRNA to induce knock-down and a specific small-molecule agonist to induce aberrant activation of Esrrg. Both resulted in severe abnormality of early branching events of the ureteric duct. Mouse embryos with a targeted inactivation of Esrrg on both alleles (Esrrg(-/-)) showed agenesis of the renal papilla but normal development of the cortex and remaining medulla. Taken together, these results suggest that Esrrg is required for early branching events of the ureteric duct that occur prior to the onset of nephrogenesis. These findings confirm ESRRG as a strong candidate gene for CAKUT.
Discovery and functional implications of a miR-29b-1/miR-29a cluster polymorphism in acute myeloid leukemia (2017)

We previously reported that microRNA (miR)-29b is down-regulated and has a tumor suppressor role in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, little is known about the mechanisms responsible for miR-29b expression downregulation in AML. In this work we screened for mutations that could affect miR-29b expression. Using Sanger sequencing, we identified a germline thymidine (T) base deletion within the miR-29b-1/miR-29a cluster precursor in 16% of AML patients. Remarkably we found a significant enrichment for the presence of the miR-29 polymorphism in core binding factor (CBF) newly diagnosed AML patients (<i>n</i> = 61/303; 20%) with respect to age, sex and race matched controls (<i>n</i> = 43/402:11%, <i>P</i> < 0.01). Mechanistically, this polymorphism affects the expression ratio of mature miR-29b and miR-29a by dampening the processing of miR-29a. RNA immunoprecipitation assays showed reduced DROSHA binding capacity to the polymorphism with respect to the controls. Finally, we showed that this polymorphism negatively impacts the ability of miR-29b-1/miR-29a cluster to target <i>MCL-1</i> and <i>CDK6</i>, both known miR-29 targets.
A Broad Study on the Transferability of Visual Representations with Contrastive Learning (2021)

Tremendous progress has been made in visual representation learning, notably with the recent success of self-supervised contrastive learning methods. Supervised contrastive learning has also been shown to outperform its cross-entropy counterparts by leveraging labels for choosing where to contrast. However, there has been little work to explore the transfer capability of contrastive learning to a different domain. In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive study on the transferability of learned representations of different contrastive approaches for linear evaluation, full-network transfer, and few-shot recognition on 12 downstream datasets from different domains, and object detection tasks on MSCOCO and VOC0712. The results show that the contrastive approaches learn representations that are easily transferable to a different downstream task. We further observe that the joint objective of self-supervised contrastive loss with cross-entropy/supervised-contrastive loss leads to better transferability of these models over their supervised counterparts. Our analysis reveals that the representations learned from the contrastive approaches contain more low/mid-level semantics than cross-entropy models, which enables them to quickly adapt to a new task. Our codes and models will be publicly available to facilitate future research on transferability of visual representations.
Targeted Tubulysin B Hydrazide Conjugate for the Treatment of Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone Receptor-Positive Cancers (2018)

The targeted delivery of chemotherapeutic agents to receptors that are overexpressed on cancer cells has become an attractive strategy to concentrate drugs in cancer cells while avoiding uptake by healthy cells. Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone receptor (LHRH-R) has attracted considerable interest for this application, since LHRH-R is upregulated in ∼86% of prostate cancers, ∼80% of endometrial cancers, ∼80% of ovarian cancers, and ∼50% of breast cancers, but virtually absent from normal tissues. Although LHRH and related peptides have been used to deliver cytotoxic drugs to LHRH-R overexpressing cancer cells, they have suffered from off-target delivery of the therapeutic agents to the liver and kidneys. To reduce such unwanted uptake by peptide scavenger receptors in the liver and kidneys, we have explored the use of a nonpeptidic LHRH-R antagonist (NBI42902) to construct an LHRH-R targeted tubulysin conjugate (BOEPL-L3-TubBH). In vitro studies with BOEPL-L3-TubBH demonstrate that the conjugate can kill LHRH-R expressing triple-negative breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231 cells) with low nanomolar IC<sub>50</sub>. Related studies on tumor-bearing mice further reveal that the same conjugate can eradicate MDA-MB-231 solid tumors without any measurable side-effects, yielding mice that gain weight during therapy and show no evidence of tumor recurrence for at least 5 weeks after termination of treatment. That these complete responses are LHRH-R targeted was then established by showing that identical treatment of receptor-negative (SKOV3) tumors yields no antitumor response. Overall, these data provide a proof-of-concept that LHRH-R specific targeting of an extremely toxic drug like tubulysin B can treat LHRH-R positive tumors without causing significant toxicity to healthy cells.
SPARTN: The First Open GNSS Data Standard that Enables Safe and Accurate GNSS Localization for Automotive Applications (2020)

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) are a vital component for automotive applications which require an accurate and reliable absolute localization solution robust against multiple failure modes. Although GNSS has become common in many of our devices, standalone GNSS does not achieve the accuracy or safety requirements for automotive system manufactures. To resolve this problem GNSS correction service providers have begun broadcasting correction and integrity information to augment the performance of standalone GNSS. As the number of OEM GNSS equipment manufactures and correction service providers continues to grow, the reliance on proprietary, closed communication protocols limits end-user’s flexibility. For this reason, the Safe Position Augmentation for Real-time Navigation (SPARTN) format has been developed by a consortium of GNSS service providers and OEM GNSS equipment manufactures to establish an open, state-of-the art communication standard for GNSS corrections. Released in January 2020, the SPARTN format provides an industry recognized standard that supports wide and global area broadcasts through a combination of low bandwidth, accuracy, availability, reliability, and integrity for safety of life applications. The format has been design with the ISO 26262 and IEC 61508 safety standards in mind and has already been implemented by multiple users for safety critical applications. The SPARTN format offers flexibility for service providers to tailor their solution to the end-user specifications. Currently, support for all major GNSS including GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, BeiDou and QZSS are provided along with the capability to support the large selection of signal and track types. Additionally, the format has support for proprietary messages which may allow service providers even more flexibility to differentiate their service against their competitors by providing supplementary information. The format inherently supports encryption and authentication concepts to protect confidentiality and ensure the origin of the correction data. Currently users of the format can take advantage of state-of-the-art security algorithms which consider a 15+ year horizon, can operate in both resource constrained environment as well as integrate with hardware security modules, and are scalable to an unlimited number of users. From a GNSS integrity view point, the format incorporates many of the concepts recommended for state-of-the art receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM) algorithms including system design parameters such as probability of failures, GNSS network design parameters for threat modelling at the end-user along with the traditional line-of-sight and atmosphere quality indicators. The presentation will provid an update on the current status of the format, provide a road map for future feature support, demonstrate performance in automotive environments and discuss opportunities for service providers and position engine clients to benefit from the open format.
Design of High-IF Discrete-Time Receivers for IoT: Demystifying Aliasing Trade-Offs (2022)

Discrete-time (DT) receiver (RX) architectures offer low-power implementation, high configurability, and easy portability to ever finer CMOS nodes. Such features are highly desirable in IoT applications. To fully explore their advantages, a deep understanding of aliasing impairments that they entail is critical. However, such a discussion has not been sufficiently explored in the literature. In this tutorial brief, we start with a DT filter, which is at the core of a DT-RX. Next, a high-intermediate-frequency (IF) architecture is chosen to demonstrate how aliasing is an intrinsic part of a DT-RX and how it affects key system design aspects. Further on, we discuss the application of decimation techniques and the stringent trade-offs involved.
Power Allocation and Relay Selection for Cognitive Relay Networks with Primary QoS Constraint (2013)

In this letter, an optimal power allocation scheme between the secondary transmitter (ST) and secondary relay (SR) with best relay selection is proposed for a two-hop decode and forward cognitive relay network. Based on the joint consideration of the interference from ST and SR to the primary user (PU), the closed-form solution for optimal power allocation and relay selection (PARS) is presented under the quality of service (QoS) constraint of the PU transmission. Furthermore, a low complexity sub-optimal scheme is proposed. Simulation results verify the performance improvement of the proposed schemes.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Enhancing neuronal chloride extrusion rescues α2/α3 GABAA-mediated analgesia in neuropathic pain. (2020)

Spinal disinhibition has been hypothesized to underlie pain hypersensitivity in neuropathic pain. Apparently contradictory mechanisms have been reported, raising questions on the best target to produce analgesia. Here, we show that nerve injury is associated with a reduction in the number of inhibitory synapses in the spinal dorsal horn. Paradoxically, this is accompanied by a BDNF-TrkB-mediated upregulation of synaptic GABAARs and by an α1-to-α2GABAAR subunit switch, providing a mechanistic rationale for the analgesic action of the α2,3GABAAR benzodiazepine-site ligand L838,417 after nerve injury. Yet, we demonstrate that impaired Cl- extrusion underlies the failure of L838,417 to induce analgesia at high doses due to a resulting collapse in Cl- gradient, dramatically limiting the benzodiazepine therapeutic window. In turn, enhancing KCC2 activity not only potentiated L838,417-induced analgesia, it rescued its analgesic potential at high doses, revealing a novel strategy for analgesia in pathological pain, by combined targeting of the appropriate GABAAR-subtypes and restoring Cl- homeostasis. PMID: 32054836
Chromatin Bridges, not Micronuclei, Activate cGAS after Drug-induced Mitotic Errors in Human Cells (2021)

Summary Mitotic errors can activate cGAS and induce type-I interferon (IFN) signaling. Current models propose that chromosome segregation errors generate micronuclei whose rupture activates cGAS. We used a panel of anti-mitotic drugs to perturb mitosis in fibroblasts and measured abnormal nuclear morphologies, cGAS localization and IFN signaling in the subsequent interphase. Micronuclei consistently recruited cGAS without activating it. Instead, IFN signaling correlated with formation of cGAS-coated chromatin bridges that were selectively generated by microtubule stabilizers and MPS1 inhibitors. cGAS activation by chromatin bridges was suppressed by drugs that prevented cytokinesis. We confirmed cGAS activation by chromatin bridges in cancer lines that are unable to secrete IFN by measuring paracrine transfer of 2′3-cGAMP to fibroblasts. We propose that cGAS is selectively activated by self-chromatin when it is stretched in chromatin bridges. Immunosurveillance of cells that fail mitosis, and anti-tumor actions of taxanes and MPS1 inhibitors, may depend on this effect.